bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large wood as a confounding factor in interpreting the width of spring-fed streams
Authors: Lapides Dana Ariel , Manga Michael 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Spring-fed streams throughout volcanic regions of the western United States exhibit larger widths than runoff-fed streams with similar discharge. Due to the distinctive damped hydrograph of spring-fed streams (as compared to large peaks visible in the hydrographs of runoff-fed streams), large wood is less mobile in spring-fed than runoff-fed stream channels, so wood is more likely to remain in place than form logjams as in runoff-fed streams. The consequent long residence time of wood in spring-fed streams allows wood to potentially have long-term impacts on channel morphology. We used high-resolution satellite imagery in combination with discharge and climate data from published reports and publicly available databases to investigate the relationship between discharge, wood length, and channel width in 38 spring-fed and 20 runoff-fed streams, additionally responding to a call for increased use of remote sensing to study wood dynamics and daylighting previously unpublished data. We identified an order of magnitude more logjams than single logs per unit length present in runoff-fed streams as compared to spring-fed streams. Histograms of log orientation in spring-fed streams additionally confirmed that single logs are immobile in the channel so that the impact of single logs on channel morphology could be pronounced in spring-fed streams. Based on these observed differences, we hypothesized that there should be a difference in channel morphology. A model for stream width in spring-fed streams based solely on length of wood is a better model than one derived from discharge or including both discharge and wood length. This study provides insights into controls on stream width in spring-fed streams.
Inferred inflow forecast horizons guiding reservoir release decisions across the United States
Authors: Turner Sean W. D. , Xu Wenwei , Voisin Nathalie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Medium- to long-range forecasts often guide reservoir
release decisions to support water management objectives, including
mitigating flood and drought risks. While there is a burgeoning field of
science targeted at improving forecast products and associated decision
support models, data describing how and when forecasts are applied in
practice remain undeveloped. This lack of knowledge may prevent
hydrological modelers from developing accurate reservoir release schemes for
large-scale, distributed hydrology models that are increasingly used to
assess the vulnerabilities of large regions to hydrological stress. We
address this issue by estimating seasonally varying, regulated inflow
forecast horizons used in the operations of more than 300 dams throughout
the conterminous United States (CONUS). For each dam, we take actual forward
observed inflows (perfect foresight) as a proxy for forecasted flows
available to the operator and then identify for each week of the year the
forward horizon that best explains the release decisions taken. Resulting
“horizon curves” specify for each dam the inferred inflow forecast horizon
as a function of the week of the water year. These curves are analyzed for
strength of evidence for contribution of medium- to long-range forecasts in
decision making. We use random forest classification to estimate that
approximately 80 % of large dams and reservoirs in the US (1553±50
out of 1927 dams with at least 10 Mm3 storage capacity) adopt medium- to
long-range inflow forecasts to inform release decisions during at least part
of the water year. Long-range forecast horizons (more than 6 weeks ahead)
are detected in the operations of reservoirs located in high-elevation
regions of the western US, where snowpack information likely guides the
release. A simulation exercise conducted on four key western US reservoirs
indicates that forecast-informed models of reservoir operations may
outperform models that neglect the horizon curve – including during flood
and drought conditions.
Approximate multifractal correlation and products of universal multifractal fields, with application to rainfall data
Authors: Gires Auguste , Tchiguirinskaia Ioulia , Schertzer Daniel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Universal multifractals (UMs) have been widely used to simulate and characterize, with the help of only two physically meaningful parameters,
geophysical fields that are extremely variable across a wide range of scales. Such a framework relies on the assumption that the underlying field is generated
through a multiplicative cascade process. Derived analysis techniques have been extended to study correlations between two fields not only at
a single scale and for a single statistical moment as with the covariance, but across scales and for all moments. Such a framework of joint multifractal
analysis is used here as a starting point to develop and test an approach enabling correlations between UM fields to be analysed and approximately simulated. First, the behaviour of two fields consisting of renormalized multiplicative power law combinations of two UM fields is studied. It appears that in
the general case the resulting fields can be well approximated by UM fields with known parameters. Limits of this approximation will be quantified
and discussed. Techniques to retrieve the UM parameters of the underlying fields as well as the exponents of the combination have been developed and
successfully tested on numerical simulations. In a second step tentative correlation indicators are suggested. Finally the suggested approach is implemented to study correlation across scales of detailed rainfall data collected with the help of disdrometers
of the Fresnel platform of Ecole des Ponts ParisTech (see available data at https://hmco.enpc.fr/portfolio-archive/taranis-observatory/, last access: 12 March 2020). More precisely, four
quantities are used: the rain rate (R), the liquid water content (LWC) and the total drop concentration (Nt) along with the mass weighed
diameter (Dm), which are commonly used to characterize the drop size distribution. Correlations across scales are quantified. Their relative
strength (very strong between R and LWC, strong between DSD features and R or LWC, almost null between Nt and Dm) is discussed.
Variability in high-salinity shelf water production in the Terra Nova Bay polynya, Antarctica
Authors: Yoon Seung-Tae , Lee Won Sang , Stevens Craig , Jendersie Stefan , Nam SungHyun , Yun Sukyoung , Hwang Chung Yeon , Jang Gwang Il , Lee Jiyeon 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Terra Nova Bay in Antarctica is a formation region for high-salinity shelf water (HSSW), which is a major source of Antarctic Bottom Water. Here, we analyze spatiotemporal salinity variability in Terra Nova Bay with implications for the local HSSW production. The salinity variations in the Drygalski Basin and eastern Terra Nova Bay near Crary Bank in the Ross Sea were investigated by analyzing hydrographic data from instrumented moorings, vessel-based profiles, and available wind and sea-ice products. Near-bed salinity in the eastern Terra Nova Bay (∼660 m) and Drygalski Basin (∼1200 m) increases each year beginning in September. Significant salinity increases (>0.04) were observed in 2016 and 2017, which is likely related to active HSSW formation. According to velocity data at identical depths,
the salinity increase from September was primarily due to advection of the HSSW originating from the coastal region of the Nansen Ice Shelf. In
addition, we show that HSSW can also be formed locally in the upper water column (<300 m) of the eastern Terra Nova Bay through
convection supplied by brine from the surface, which is related to polynya development via winds and ice freezing. While the general consensus is
that the salinity of the HSSW was decreasing from 1995 to the late 2000s in the region, the salinity has been increasing since 2016. In 2018,
it returned to values comparable to those in the early 2000s.
Analisis Biaya Satuan (Unit Cost) dengan Metode Activity Based Costing (ABC) di Poliklinik Jantung RSU dr. H. Koesnadi Bondowoso
Authors: Sumiati Sumiati , Witcahyo Eri , Ramani Andrei 
Published: March 2020

AbstrakPenetapan tarif dihitung berdasarkan biaya satuan, berdasarkan Peraturan Bupati Bondowoso Nomor 62 Tahun 2017, RSU dr. H. Koesnadi Bondowoso menghitung biaya satuan dengan metode Double Distribution (DD). Metode Double Distribution (DD) tidak tepat untuk diterapkan karena tidak mencerminkan aktivitas, metode yang berdasarkan aktivitas, tepat dan akurat sehingga dapat memberikan informasi yang tepat adalah metode Activity Based Costing (ABC). RSU dr. H. Koesnadi Bondowoso belum melakukan perhitungan unit cost dengan metode Activity Based Costing (ABC) terutama untuk instalasi rawat jalan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis biaya satuan dengan metode Activity Based Costing di poliklinik jantung RSU dr. H. Koesnadi Bondowoso. Metode penelitian dilakukan berdasarkan metode perhitungan Activity Based Costing (ABC). Unit analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah poliklinik jantung RSU dr. H. Koesnadi Bondowoso. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan dengan data tahun 2017 maka diperoleh biaya satuan electrocardiogram yaitu Rp. 47.689, echocardiography Rp. 113.212 dan treadmill adalah Rp. 221.547. Kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa unit cost lebih rendah dari tarif yang ditetapkan. AbstractDetermination of rate calculated based on unit cost, based on Bondowoso Regent Regulation Number 62 of 2017, RSU dr. H. Koesnadi Bondowoso unit cost calculates using the Double Distribution method. Double Distribution (DD) method is not appropriate to be applied because it does not reflect activity, method based on activity, precise and accurate so that it can providethe right information is Activity Based Costing (ABC) method. RSU Dr. H. Koesnadi Bondowoso has not made unit cost calculation using Activity Based Costing (ABC) method, especially for outpatient installation. The purpose of this research is unit cost analysis with Activity Based Costing method in the heart polyclinic of RSU Dr. H. Koesnadi Bondowoso. The research methodbased on Activity Based Costing (ABC) calculation method. The unit of analysis was heart poyclinic at RSU Dr. H. Koesnadi Bondowoso. Unitcost calculated with Activity Based Costing (ABC) method.Based on the calculation resultwith 2017 data a unit costobtained, electrocardiogram is Rp. 47,689, echocardiography Rp. 113,212 and treadmill is Rp. 221,547. The conclusion shown that the unit cost is lower than the specified rate.
Alternative splicing and thermosensitive expression of Dmrt1 during urogenital development in the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta
Authors: Mizoguchi Beatriz , Valenzuela Nicole 
Published: March 2020

Background
The doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1 (Dmrt1) is a highly conserved gene across numerous vertebrates and invertebrates in sequence and function. Small aminoacid changes in Dmrt1 are associated with turnovers in sex determination in reptiles. Dmrt1 is upregulated in males during gonadal development in many species, including the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta, a reptile with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). Dmrt1 is reported to play different roles during sex determination and differentiation, yet whether these functions are controlled by distinct Dmrt1 spliceoforms remains unclear. While Dmrt1 isoforms have been characterized in various vertebrates, no study has investigated their existence in any turtle.

Methods
We examine the painted turtle to identify novel Dmrt1 isoforms that may be present during urogenital development using PCR, profile their expression by RNA-seq across five embryonic stages at male- and female-producing temperatures, and validate their expression pattern via qPCR with transcript-specific fluorescent probes.

Results
A novel Dmrt1 spliceoform was discovered for the first time in chelonians, lacking exons 2 and 3 (Dmrt1 ΔEx2Ex3). Dmrt1 canonical and ΔEx2Ex3 transcripts were differentialy expressed by temperature at stages 19 and 22 in developing gonads of painted turtles, after the onset of sex determination, and displayed a significant male-biased expression pattern. This transcriptional pattern differs from studies in other turtles and vertebrates that reported Dmrt1 differential expression before or at the onset of sex determination. This study provides the first insight into Dmrt1 transcriptional diversity in turtles and opens the door for future functional studies of the alternative Dmrt1 transcript uncovered here.

Conclusions
The discovery of an isoform in turtles indicate that alternative splicing may be a common feature of Dmrt1 across vertebrates, as isoforms are also found in crocodilians, birds, mammals and fish, and this variation remains unexplained. The relatively late-onset of Dmrt1 expression observed here contrasts with other turtles, indicating that Dmrt1 is not the topmost male sex -determining factor in C. picta. When placed in a phylogenetic context, this discrepancy underscores the divergent regulation of Dmrt1, and of sexual development more generally, across vertebrates.
Interleukin‐36α as a potential biomarker for renal tubular damage induced by dietary phosphate load
Authors: Hirano Yoshitaka , Kurosu Hiroshi , Shiizaki Kazuhiro , Iwazu Yoshitaka , Tsuruoka Shuichi , Kuro‐o Makoto 
Published: March 2020

Excessive intake of phosphate has been known to induce renal tubular damage and interstitial inflammation, leading to acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease in rodents and humans. However, sensitive and early biomarkers for phosphate‐induced kidney damage remain to be identified. Our previous RNA sequencing analysis of renal gene expression identified interleukin‐36α (IL‐36α) as a gene significantly upregulated by dietary phosphate load in mice. To determine the time course and dose dependency of renal IL‐36α expression induced by dietary phosphate load, we placed mice with or without uninephrectomy on a diet containing either 0.35%, 1.0%, 1.5%, or 2.0% inorganic phosphate for 10 days, 4 weeks, or 8 weeks and evaluated renal expression of IL‐36α and other markers of tubular damage and inflammation by quantitative RT‐PCR, immunoblot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. We found that IL‐36α expression was induced in distal convoluted tubules and correlated with phosphate excretion per nephron. The increase in IL‐36α expression was simultaneous with but more robust in amplitude than the increase in tubular damage markers such as Osteopontin and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin, preceding the increase in expression of other inflammatory cytokines, including transforming growth factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, and transforming growth factor‐β1. We conclude that IL‐36α serves as a marker that reflects the degree of phosphate load excreted per nephron and of associated kidney damage.
Anticipated Progress in the Near‐ to Mid‐Term Future of LIBs
Authors: Myung Seung‐Taek , Kim Jongsoon , Sun Yang‐Kook 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Since its commercialization in 1991, lithium‐ion batteries have been continuously studied to develop its energy density, power capability, and long‐term cycling characteristics. Unlike the earlier lithium‐ion battery based on the intercalation reaction such as LiCoO
2
cathode and graphite anode, various materials and reaction mechanisms have been investigated with the development of the technology. Also, in accordance with the improvement of the overall properties, lithium‐ion batteries are also being applied as energy storage systems (ESSs) for renewable energy facilities as well as power systems for electric vehicles (EVs). Moreover, in order to reduce the risk of explosion and to improve the stability of the battery, the electrolytes and separators in lithium‐ion batteries have been widely studied. This article highlights the current trend of the developments on the representative components in lithium‐ion battery.
Supramolecular Chiral Nanoarchitectonics
Authors: Ariga Katsuhiko , Mori Taizo , Kitao Takashi , Uemura Takashi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExploration of molecular functions and material properties based on the control of chirality would be a scientifically elegant approach. Here, the fabrication and function of chiral‐featured materials from both chiral and achiral components using a supramolecular nanoarchitectonics concept are discussed. The contents are classified in to three topics: i) chiral nanoarchitectonics of rather general molecular assemblies; ii) chiral nanoarchitectonics of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs); iii) chiral nanoarchitectonics in liquid crystals. MOF structures are based on nanoscopically well‐defined coordinations, while mesoscopic orientations of liquid‐crystalline phases are often flexibly altered. Discussion on the effects and features in these representative materials systems with totally different natures reveals the universal importance of supramolecular chiral nanoarchitectonics. Amplification of chiral molecular information from molecules to materials‐level structures and the creation of chirality from achiral components upon temporal statistic fluctuations are universal, regardless of the nature of the assemblies. These features are thus surely advantageous characteristics for a wide range of applications.
Deep Red Emissive Carbonized Polymer Dots with Unprecedented Narrow Full Width at Half Maximum
Authors: Liu Junjun , Geng Yijia , Li Daowei , Yao Hua , Huo Zepeng , Li Yunfeng , Zhang Kai , Zhu Shoujun , Wei Haotong , Xu Weiqing , Jiang Jinlan , Yang Bai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDevelopment of high‐performance carbon dots (CDs) with emission wavelength longer than 660 nm (deep red emission) is critical in deep‐tissue bioimaging, yet it is still a major challenge to obtain CDs with both narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) and high deep red/near‐infrared emission yield. Here, deep red emissive carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) with unprecedented FWHM of 20 nm are synthesized. The purified CPDs in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution possess quantum yield (QY) as high as 59% under 413 nm excitation, as well as recorded QY of 31% under 660 nm excitation in the deep red fluorescent window. Detailed characterizations identify that CPDs have unique polymer characteristics, consisting of carbon cores and the shells of polymer chains, and π conjugated system formed with N heterocycles and aromatic rings governs the single photoluminescence (PL) center, which is responsible for high QY in deep red emissive CPDs with narrow FWHM. The CPDs exhibit strong absorption and emission in the deep red light region, low toxicity, and good biocompatibility, making them an efficient probe for both one‐photon and two‐photon bioimaging. CPDs are rapidly excreted via the kidney system and hepatobiliary system.
Trifluoromethylation/Difluoromethylation‐Initiated Radical Cyclization of o‐Alkenyl Aromatic Isocyanides for Direct Construction of 4‐Cyano‐2‐Trifluoromethyl/Difluoromethyl‐Containing Quinolines
Authors: Mao Shukuan , Wang He , Liu Lu , Wang Xin , Zhou Ming‐Dong , Li Lei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, a radical‐triggered cyclization of o‐alkenyl aromatic isocyanides prepared from accessible starting materials is developed. The reaction provides a general and efficient method for the synthesis of 4‐CN‐2‐CF3/CF2H‐containing quinolines under copper or visible‐light photoredox catalysis in a one‐pot synthetic procedure. This protocol demonstrates good to high yields, broad substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance.magnified image
Improved Response/Recovery Time and Sensitivity of SnSe Nanosheet Humidity Sensor by LiCl Incorporation
Authors: Zhu Kaimin , Tang Yong , Zhong Xiangli , Xiong Li , Zhang Yong , Tan Congbin , Song Hongjia , Wang Jinbin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe use of inorganic salt composite nanomaterials to form nanocomposite humidity‐sensing materials is considered to be an effective way to promote the integral performances of humidity sensors. In this work, by combining the advantages of SnSe nanosheet and LiCl, a novel composite structure of LiCl nanoparticles and SnSe nanosheet (LiCl:SnSe nanosheet) is constructed as the humidity‐sensing materials in humidity sensors. Compared with the properties of a resistance‐type humidity sensor based on SnSe nanosheet, the integral humidity‐sensing properties of LiCl:SnSe nanosheet are improved, especially in response and recovery times (shorten to 12 s/4 s) and sensitivity (up to 3.21 × 105%). These results indicate that LiCl:SnSe nanosheet may be a potential humidity‐sensing material for fabricating humidity sensors with high performance.
Recommendations for influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccination in elderly people in China
Authors: Chen Qiong , Wang Lijing , Xie Mingxuan , Li Xiaoying ,   Recommendations for Influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae Vaccination in Elderly People in China Writing Group, Geriatric Respiratory Group and Chinese Society of Geriatrics
Published: March 2020

AbstractInfluenza and pneumonia can be prevented by vaccination, but they remain major causes of morbidity and mortality in age‐related diseases. In most areas of China, the rates of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination are relatively low and public awareness of vaccination remains insufficient. Thus, it is essential to recommend influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccination to elderly people in clinical practice. Based on recently published studies and related documents issued by several vaccination authorities, such as the World Health Organization, the National Health and Wellness Committee, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, we propose official recommendations for influenza and S pneumoniae vaccination in elderly people in China.
Telomere length analysis from minimally‐invasively collected samples: Methods development and meta‐analysis of the validity of different sampling techniques
Authors: Rej Peter H. , Bondy Madison H. , Lin Jue , Prather Aric A. , Kohrt Brandon A. , Worthman Carol M. , Eisenberg Dan T. A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesTelomeres are the protective caps of chromosomes. They shorten with cell replication, age, and possibly environmental stimuli (eg, infection and stress). Short telomere length (TL) predicts subsequent worse health. Although venous whole blood (VWB) is most commonly used for TL measurement, other, more minimally invasive, sampling techniques are becoming increasingly common due to their field‐friendliness, allowing for feasible measurement in low‐resource contexts. We conducted statistical validation work for measuring TL in dried blood spots (DBS) and incorporated our results into a meta‐analysis evaluating minimally invasive sampling techniques to measure TL.MethodsWe isolated DNA extracts from DBS using a modified extraction protocol and tested how they endured different shipping conditions and long‐term cryostorage. We then included our in‐house DBS TL validation statistics (correlation values with VWB TL and age) in a series of meta‐analyses of results from 24 other studies that published similar associations for values between TL measured in DBS, saliva, and buccal cells.ResultsOur modified DBS extraction technique produced DNA yields that were roughly twice as large as previously recorded. Partially extracted DBS DNA was stable for 7 days at room temperature, and still provided reliable TL measurements, as determined by external validation statistics. In our meta‐analysis, DBS TL had the highest external validity, followed by saliva, and then buccal cells—possibly reflecting similarities/differences in cellular composition vs VWB.ConclusionsDBS DNA is the best proxy for VWB from the three minimally‐invasively specimen types evaluated and can be used to expand TL research to diverse settings and populations.