bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mesoporous silica nanoparticle technology applied in dilute nutrient solution accelerated establishment of zoysiagrass
Authors: Adams Curtis B. , Erickson John E. , Bunderson Landon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUse of nanoparticles in agriculture is anticipated to have beneficial outcomes, including the potential for improving nutrient delivery. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) are hydrophilic porous materials with high surface area and charge and have been shown to be taken up and mobilized by plants. Untreated MSNPs have interacted with plant nutrition in controlled studies, but little research has been conducted in the field. In this study, we tested the impact of a commercially available MSNP technology on establishment of two turfgrasses from sprigs in North Central Florida. Treatments included combinations of MSNPs (–NP, with no nanoparticles; +NP, with nanoparticles), which were foliarly applied in dilute nutrient solution, and two rates of background fertility (high and low fertility), which were applied by granular fertilizer. All treatments were applied weekly. The MSNPs were effective in enhancing the rate of establishment in zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) in combination with both high and low fertility. For the low fertility +NP treatment, this substantially improved nutrient‐use efficiency, as establishment was reduced by just 7.6% compared to the high fertility –NP treatment with 75% less fertilizer. No impact was observed on bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. Transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy). Tissue nutrient concentrations indicated the nutrients most likely limiting growth were K, Mg, Ca, Zn, and Mn. The results suggest MSNPs provided more effective delivery of one or more limiting nutrients to zoysiagrass than nutrients from other sources, enhancing the rate of growth. The MSNPs offer the potential to establish turfgrasses with lower fertilizer inputs.
Transgenerational impacts of herbivory and inbreeding on reproductive output in Solanum carolinense
Authors: Nihranz Chad T. , Walker William S. , Brown Steven J. , Mescher Mark C. , De Moraes Consuelo M. , Stephenson Andrew G. 
Published: January 2020

PremisePlant maternal effects on offspring phenotypes are well documented. However, little is known about how herbivory on maternal plants affects offspring fitness. Furthermore, while inbreeding is known to reduce plant reproductive output, previous studies have not explored whether and how such effects may extend across generations. Here, we addressed the transgenerational consequences of herbivory and maternal plant inbreeding on the reproduction of Solanum carolinense offspring.MethodsManduca sexta caterpillars were used to inflict weekly damage on inbred and outbred S. carolinense maternal plants. Cross‐pollinations were performed by hand to produce seed from herbivore‐damaged outbred plants, herbivore‐damaged inbred plants, undamaged outbred plants, and undamaged inbred plants. The resulting seeds were grown in the greenhouse to assess emergence rate and flower production in the absence of herbivores. We also grew offspring in the field to examine reproductive output under natural conditions.ResultsWe found transgenerational effects of herbivory and maternal plant inbreeding on seedling emergence and reproductive output. Offspring of herbivore‐damaged plants had greater emergence, flowered earlier, and produced more flowers and seeds than offspring of undamaged plants. Offspring of outbred maternal plants also had greater seedling emergence and reproductive output than offspring of inbred maternal plants, even though all offspring were outbred. Moreover, the effects of maternal plant inbreeding were more severe when plant offspring were grown in field conditions.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that both herbivory and inbreeding have fitness consequences that extend across generations even in outbred progeny.
Utility of the global CDR® plus NACC FTLD rating and development of scoring rules: Data from the ARTFL/LEFFTDS Consortium
Authors: Miyagawa Toji , Brushaber Danielle , Syrjanen Jeremy , Kremers Walter , Fields Julie , Forsberg Leah K. , Heuer Hilary W. , Knopman David , Kornak John , Boxer Adam , Rosen Howard J. , Boeve Bradley F. , Appleby Brian , Bordelon Yvette , Bove Jessica , Brannelly Patrick , Caso Christina , Coppola Giovanni , Dever Reilly , Dheel Christina , Dickerson Bradford , Dickinson Susan , Dominguez Sophia , Domoto‐Reilly Kimiko , Faber Kelley , Ferrell Jessica , Fishman Ann , Fong Jamie , Foroud Tatiana , Gavrilova Ralitza , Gearhart Debra , Ghazanfari Behnaz , Ghoshal Nupur , Goldman Jill S. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Graff‐Radford Neill , Grant Ian , Grossman Murray , Haley Dana , Hsiung Robin , Huey Edward , Irwin David , Jones David , Jones Lynne , Kantarci Kejal , Karydas Anna , Kaufer Daniel , Kerwin Diana , Kraft Ruth , Kramer Joel , Kukull Walter , Litvan Irene , Lucente Diane , Lungu Codrin , Mackenzie Ian , Maldonado Miranda , Manoochehri Masood , McGinnis Scott , McKinley Emily , Mendez Mario F. , Miller Bruce , Multani Namita , Onyike Chiadi , Padmanabhan Jaya , Pantelyat Alexander , Pearlman Rodney , Petrucelli Leonard , Potter Madeline , Rademakers Rosa , Ramos Eliana M. , Rankin Kate , Rascovsky Katya , Roberson Erik D. , Rogalski Emily , Sengdy Pheth , Shaw Leslie , Tartaglia Maria C. , Tatton Nadine , Taylor Joanne , Toga Arthur , Trojanowski John Q. , Wang Ping , Weintraub Sandra , Wong Bonnie , Wszolek Zbigniew 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe created global rating scoring rules for the CDR® plus NACC FTLD to detect and track early frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and to conduct clinical trials in FTLD.MethodsThe CDR plus NACC FTLD rating was applied to 970 sporadic and familial participants from the baseline visit of Advancing Research and Treatment in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (ARTFL)/Longitudinal Evaluation of Familial Frontotemporal Dementia Subjects (LEFFTDS). Each of the eight domains of the CDR plus NACC FTLD was equally weighed in determining the global score. An interrater reliability study was completed for 40 participants.ResultsThe CDR plus NACC FTLD showed very good interrater reliability. It was especially useful in detecting clinical features of mild non‐fluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia participants.DiscussionThe global CDR plus NACC FTLD score could be an attractive outcome measure for clinical trials in symptomatic FTLD, and may be useful in natural history studies and clinical trials in FTLD spectrum disorders.
How Lewis Acids Catalyze Diels–Alder Reactions
Authors: Vermeeren Pascal , Hamlin Trevor A. , Fernández Israel , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Lewis acid(LA)‐catalyzed Diels–Alder reaction between isoprene and methyl acrylate was investigated quantum chemically using a combined density functional theory and coupled‐cluster theory approach. Computed activation energies systematically decrease as the strength of the LA increases along the series I2<SnCl4<TiCl4<ZnCl2<BF3<AlCl3. Emerging from our activation strain and Kohn–Sham molecular orbital bonding analysis was an unprecedented finding, namely that the LAs accelerate the Diels–Alder reaction by a diminished Pauli repulsion between the π‐electron systems of the diene and dienophile. Our results oppose the widely accepted view that LAs catalyze the Diels–Alder reaction by enhancing the donor–acceptor [HOMOdiene–LUMOdienophile] interaction and constitute a novel physical mechanism for this indispensable textbook organic reaction.
Coenzymes and Their Role in the Evolution of Life
Authors: Kirschning Andreas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe evolution of coenzymes, or their impact on the origin of life, is fundamental for understanding our own existence. Having established reasonable hypotheses about the emergence of prebiotic chemical building blocks, which were probably created under palaeogeochemical conditions, and surmising that these smaller compounds must have become integrated to afford complex macromolecules such as RNA, the question of coenzyme origin and its relation to the evolution of functional biochemistry should gain new impetus. Many coenzymes have a simple chemical structure and are often nucleotide‐derived, which suggests that they may have coexisted with the emergence of RNA and may have played a pivotal role in early metabolism. Based on current theories of prebiotic evolution, which attempt to explain the emergence of privileged organic building blocks, this Review discusses plausible hypotheses on the prebiotic formation of key elements within selected extant coenzymes. In combination with prebiotic RNA, coenzymes may have dramatically broadened early protometabolic networks and the catalytic scope of RNA during the evolution of life.
Phosphonium Boranes for the Selective Transport of Fluoride Anions across Artificial Phospholipid Membranes
Authors: Park Gyeongjin , Gabbaï François P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWith the view of developing selective transmembrane anion transporters, a series of phosphonium boranes of general formula [p‐RPh2P(C6H4)BMes2]+ have been synthesized and evaluated. The results demonstrate that variation of the R group appended to the phosphorus atom informs the lipophilicity of these compounds, their Lewis acidity, as well as their transport activity. Anion transport experiments in POPC‐based large unilamellar vesicles show that these main‐group cations are highly selective for the fluoride anion, which is transported more than 20 times faster than the chloride anion. Finally, this work shows that the anion transport properties of these compounds are extremely sensitive to the steric crowding about the boron atom, pointing to the crucial involvement of the Group 13 element as the anion binding site.
Comparative Study of Fatty Acid Composition, Total Phenolics, and Antioxidant Capacity in Rapeseed Mutant Lines
Authors: Channaoui Souhail , Hssaini Lahcen , Velasco Leonardo , Mazouz Hamid , El Fechtali Mohamed , Nabloussi Abdelghani 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is limited variability within rapeseed germplasm in Morocco. Induced mutation was recently used to generate novel genetic variability and develop mutant lines combining desirable traits. In this context, nine promising advanced rapeseed M2 mutant lines and the wild‐type variety “INRA‐CZH2” were evaluated for their seed oil content, fatty acid composition, total phenolic content (TPC), and free‐radical scavenging activity (FRSA) by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) methods. The results showed significant variability among all mutants in seed oil content (38.14–42.04%) and fatty acids (SAFA = 5.49–10.99%, MUFA = 50.33–71.62%, PUFA = 22.89–8.68%). The mutant H2M‐5 exhibited the highest fraction of MUFA and the lowest proportion of SAFA and PUFA, while the mutant H2M‐4 showed the highest SAFA and PUFA amounts and the lowest MUFA level. TPC varied from 2.16 to 4.35 mg GAE/100 g. The highest amount was found in the mutant H2M‐1, which is about twice that of other mutants and the wild‐type variety. FRSA differed significantly among the samples, and the variations observed for DPPH and ABTS methods were 40.5–59.28% and 40.31–59.86%, respectively. FRSA was positively correlated to TPC in the sampled oils (r = 0.801 and 0.802, P < 0.01). This is the first report emphasizing the biochemical potential of rapeseed varieties and novel mutants in Morocco. H2M‐1, H2M‐4, and H2M‐5 were proposed for the Rapeseed National Breeding Program, as they showed higher levels in some biochemical traits of interest.
On the nature of the quantum chromodynamics phase transition in hybrid compact stars
Authors: Köpp Fabio , Zen Vasconcellos César A. , Machado Magno 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this contribution, we study the nature of the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase transition in hybrid compact stars. In our approach, we consider a microscopic hadron–quark hybrid equation of state (EoS) to describe the structure of compact stars composed of a quark core and a hadronic shell assuming a structural first‐order phase transition at their interface. Our primary purpose in this contribution is to delineate, for a hybrid compact star, the relevant ingredients of their EoSs that simultaneously have the required stiffness and satisfy the constraints of thermodynamics (stability conditions on the free energy, accordance with the laws of thermodynamics and Gibbs' criteria for phase equilibrium). The quark matter structural description is based on the standard MIT bag model, and for the hadron phase modeling, we consider a statistical model for the EoS, which consists of an ensemble of interacting nucleons in statistical equilibrium. In the calculations, the relativistic mean field approximation is used, and the parameters of the approach are taken from experimental data and from nuclear structure calculations. Moreover, exclusion volume effects are implemented in a thermodynamically consistent way so that the transition to uniform nuclear matter can be described in a physically coherent way. We investigate the implications on the structure of a compact hybrid star of considering a Bag constant dependence on the nuclear density, as well as subsidiary aspects of the nature of QCD phase transition as the Gibbs and Maxwell construction realizations of the first‐order deconfinement phase transition inside a compact star and observational signals.
Some recent results on neutrino osillations in hypercritical accretion
Authors: Uribe Juan David , Rueda Jorge Armando 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe study of neutrino flavor oscillations in astrophysical sources has been boosted in the last two decades thanks to achievements in experimental neutrino physics and in observational astronomy. We here discuss two cases of interest in the modeling of short and long gamma‐ray bursts: hypercritical, that is, highly super‐Eddington spherical/disk accretion onto a neutron star/black hole. We show that in both systems, the ambient conditions of density and temperature imply the occurrence of neutrino flavor oscillations, with a relevant role of neutrino self‐interactions.
Processing of Real‐World, Dynamic Natural Stimuli in Autism is Linked to Corticobasal Function
Authors: Webster Paula J. , Frum Chris , Kurowski‐Burt Amy , Bauer Christopher E. , Wen Sijin , Ramadan Jad H. , Baker Kathryn A. , Lewis James W. 
Published: January 2020

Many individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been shown to perceive everyday sensory information differently compared to peers without autism. Research examining these sensory differences has primarily utilized nonnatural stimuli or natural stimuli using static photos with few having utilized dynamic, real‐world nonverbal stimuli. Therefore, in this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to characterize brain activation of individuals with high‐functioning autism when viewing and listening to a video of a real‐world scene (a person bouncing a ball) and anticipating the bounce. We investigated both multisensory and unisensory processing and hypothesized that individuals with ASD would show differential activation in (a) primary auditory and visual sensory cortical and association areas, and in (b) cortical and subcortical regions where auditory and visual information is integrated (e.g. temporal‐parietal junction, pulvinar, superior colliculus). Contrary to our hypotheses, the whole‐brain analysis revealed similar activation between the groups in these brain regions. However, compared to controls the ASD group showed significant hypoactivation in the left intraparietal sulcus and left putamen/globus pallidus. We theorize that this hypoactivation reflected underconnectivity for mediating spatiotemporal processing of the visual biological motion stimuli with the task demands of anticipating the timing of the bounce event. The paradigm thus may have tapped into a specific left‐lateralized aberrant corticobasal circuit or loop involved in initiating or inhibiting motor responses. This was consistent with a dual “when versus where” psychophysical model of corticobasal function, which may reflect core differences in sensory processing of real‐world, nonverbal natural stimuli in ASD.Autism Res2020, 13: 539–549. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryTo understand how individuals with autism perceive the real‐world, using magnetic resonance imaging we examined brain activation in individuals with autism while watching a video of someone bouncing a basketball. Those with autism had similar activation to controls in auditory and visual sensory brain regions, but less activation in an area that processes information about body movements and in a region involved in modulating movements. These areas are important for understanding the actions of others and developing social skills.
Treatment of Adults with Autism and Major Depressive Disorder Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: An Open Label Pilot Study
Authors: Gwynette McLeod Frampton , Lowe Danielle W. , Henneberry Erin A. , Sahlem Gregory L. , Wiley Melanie Gail , Alsarraf Hussam , Russo Sarah Brice , Joseph Jane E. , Summers Philipp M. , Lohnes Laura , George Mark S. 
Published: January 2020

Patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at high risk for comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD), which can severely impair functioning and quality of life. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique, which is Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cleared for the treatment of MDD in adults. Despite demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of depression, there are limited data on the use of rTMS in patients with ASD and comorbid MDD. We hypothesized that a standard rTMS protocol for MDD would reduce depressive symptoms for adults with ASD and MDD. Secondarily, we investigated whether this treatment would also reduce core ASD symptoms. Participants of 18–65 years old with ASD and MDD without any medication changes in the last month were eligible for this open‐label trial. Participants underwent 25 sessions of rTMS (figure‐of‐eight coil, 100–120% resting motor threshold, 10 Hz, 3,000 pulses per session) applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Thirteen participants enrolled in the study, with two withdrawing due to tolerability, and one excluded from analysis. Overall, side effects were mild and rTMS was well tolerated. The Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAM‐D17) improved 13.5 points (IQR 5–15), and 40% of participants achieved remission (HAM‐D17 ≤ 7) after rTMS treatment. Informant clinical scales of core symptoms of autism also suggested improvement with rTMS, though no change was observed by the participants themselves. Thus, this open‐label trial suggests that high‐frequency rTMS is well tolerated by adults with autism and MDD, with improvement in depressive symptoms and possible effects on core autism symptoms. Autism Res 2020, 13: 346–351. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research,Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThis study evaluated the safety and effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on depression and autism symptoms in individuals with both major depressive disorder and autism spectrum disorder. rTMS was well tolerated by the participants, depression improved with treatment, and family members' assessment of autism symptoms improved as well. This study supports the need for further work to evaluate rTMS in individuals who have both autism and depression.
A sensitive amperometric detection of neurotransmitter acetylcholine using carbon dot‐modified carbon paste electrode
Authors: Bodur Onur Can , Dinç Saliha , Özmen Mustafa , Arslan Fatma 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAcetylcholine is a neurotransmitter, which is located at the intersections of the nerve and muscles in the lymph nodes of the internal organs motor systems and in various parts of the central nervous system. A decrease of acetylcholine in brain is associated with Alzheimer‘s disease. That is why it is an important agent for this disease. In this study, a bienzymatic biosensor system with acetylcholine esterase and choline oxidase was prepared with carbon paste electrode modified with carbon nano Dot‐(3‐Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (CDs‐APTES) for determination of the amount of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine esterase and choline oxidase enzymes were immobilized onto a modified carbon paste electrode by cross‐linking with glutaraldehyde. Determination of acetylcholine was carried out by the oxidation of enzymatically produced H2O2 at 0.4 V versus Ag/AgCl. The effect of temperature, pH, and substrate concentration on the acetylcholine response of the prepared biosensor was investigated. In addition, the optimum CDs‐APTES amount, the linear operating range of the biosensor, and the interference effect were also investigated.
Arbitrary social comparison, malicious envy, and generosity
Authors: Moyal Adiel , Motsenok Marina , Ritov Ilana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExisting work on the effects of social comparison on envy and generosity typically involves manipulation of social comparison with respect to dimensions that carry personal meaning and reflect upon the self, for example, performance, ability, or achievement. In the current work, we examine the effects of social comparison based on a purely arbitrary, manipulated situation. We measure malicious envy via monetary decisions that have real consequences for the target of comparison, in place of a self‐reported questionnaire. In addition, we test the effects of the preliminary social comparison on generosity in a subsequent and ostensibly unrelated situation. In Experiment 1 we demonstrate the effect of randomly manipulated upward social comparison on a monetary allocation decision, and we establish the link between this allocation decision and malicious envy. In Experiment 2 we show that upward comparison affects not only malicious envy towards the target of the comparison but also decreases generosity towards a third party in a subsequent, ostensibly unrelated situation. Experiment 3 shows the effect of this type of social comparison, beyond a specific direction, on reducing generosity towards a third party.
Lab experience with seafood control at the undergraduate level: Cephalopods as a case study
Authors: Fernández Sara , Rodríguez‐Muñiz Luis J. , Molina Jara , Muñiz‐Rodríguez Laura , Jiménez Juan , García‐Vázquez Eva , Borrell Yaisel J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe correct labeling of seafood is important to protect nature and the rights of consumers. Given the certainty that the resources of the sea are not inexhaustible, only strict regulations and the implementation of sustainable fishing systems and reliable and traceable marketing systems can help ensure the long‐term sustainability of fishery resources. Detecting mislabeling and seafood fraud is a useful resource for improving students' motivation and developing active learning methodologies in higher education. In the present study, we have proposed to the students a lab exercise consisting of exploring 25 different commercial cephalopod products from three major European supermarkets by using DNA barcoding and analyzing the results under the framework of EU and Spanish regulations. The problem is connected with the last theme (traceability) of the Conservation Genetics and Breeding course with the aim of providing students with a practical research lab experience about a real problem before going deeper into more theoretical contents. In this way, they can use the knowledge and the skills they acquired previously to better comprehend and think critically about the problem. Findings from students' answers to a survey revealed that the use of this approach generates useful information for communities, increases curiosity and feelings of benefit, and leads to high levels of satisfaction with lab practices compared with those in other courses. In conclusion, lab exercises focused on seafood control, in addition to being viable, can be used as a tool in classes to improve students' commitment to higher education.