bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mobile sink path planning for wireless sensor networks based on priority‐ordered dependent nonparametric trees
Authors: Yalçın Sercan , Erdem Ebubekir 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe professional design of the routing protocols with mobile sink(s) in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is important for many purposes such as maximizing energy efficiency, increasing network life, and evenly distributing load balance across the network. Moreover, mobile sinks ought to first collect data from nodes which have very important and dense data so that packet collision and loss can be prevented at an advanced level. For these purposes, the present paper proposes a new mobile path planning protocol by introducing priority‐ordered dependent nonparametric trees (PoDNTs) for WSNs. Unlike traditional clustered or swarm intelligence topology‐based routing methods, a topology which has hierarchical and dependent infinite tree structure provides a robust link connection between nodes, making it easier to reselect ancestor nodes (ANs). The proposed priority‐ordered infinite trees are sampled in the specific time frames by introducing new equations and hierarchically associated with their child nodes starting from the root node. Hence, the nodes with the highest priority and energy that belong to the constructed tree family are selected as ANs with an opportunistic approach. A mobile sink simply visits these ANs to acquire data from all nodes in the network and return to where it started. As a result, the route traveled is assigned as the mobile path for the current round. We have performed comprehensive performance analysis to illustrate the effectiveness of the present study using NS‐2 simulation environment. The present routing protocol has achieved better results than the other algorithms over various performance metrics.
Aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase inhibition suppresses the growth of the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans
Authors: Dahal Gopal P. , Launder Dylan , McKeone Katherine M. M. , Hunter Joseph P. , Conti Heather R. , Viola Ronald E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPotent inhibitors of an essential microbial enzyme have been shown to be effective growth inhibitors of Candida albicans, a pathogenic fungus. C. albicans is the main cause of oropharyngeal candidiasis, and also causes invasive fungal infections, including systemic sepsis, leading to serious complications in immunocompromised patients. As the rates of drug‐resistant fungal infections continue to rise novel antifungal treatments are desperately needed. The enzyme aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) is critical for the functioning of the aspartate biosynthetic pathway in microbes and plants. Because the aspartate pathway is absent in humans, ASADH has the potential to be a promising new target for antifungal research. Deleting the asd gene encoding for ASADH significantly decreases the survival of C. albicans, establishing this enzyme as essential for this organism. Previously developed ASADH inhibitors were tested against several strains of C. albicans to measure their possible therapeutic impact. The more potent inhibitors show a good correlation between enzyme inhibitor potency and fungal growth inhibition. Growth curves generated by incubating different C. albicans strains with varying enzyme inhibitor levels show significant slowing of fungal growth by these inhibitors against each of these strains, similar to the effect observed with a clinical antifungal drug. The most effective inhibitors also demonstrated relatively low cytotoxicity against a human epithelial cell line. Taken together, these results establish that the ASADH enzyme is a promising new target for further development as a novel antifungal treatment against C. albicans and related fungal species.
Diversification and subspecies patterning of the goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in Iran
Authors: Fadakar Davoud , Bärmann Eva V. , Lerp Hannes , Mirzakhah Masoumeh , Naseri Nasari Maryam , Rezaei Hamid Reza 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGoitered gazelles, Gazella subgutturosa, exist in arid and semiarid regions of Asia from the Middle to the Far East. Although large populations were present over a vast area until recently, a decline of the population as a result of hunting, poaching, and habitat loss led to the IUCN classification of G. subgutturosa as “vulnerable." We examined genetic diversity, structure, and phylogeny of G. subgutturosa using mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences from 18 geographically distant populations in Iran. The median‐joining network of cyt b haplotypes indicated that three clades of goitered gazelles can be distinguished: a Middle Eastern clade west of the Zagros Mountains (and connected to populations in Turkey and Iraq), a Central Iranian clade (with connection to Azerbaijan), and an Asiatic clade in northeastern Iran (with connection to Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and other Asian countries as far as northeastern China and Mongolia). Based on our results, we argue that Iran is the center of diversification of goitered gazelles, due to the presence of large mountain ranges and deserts that lead to the separation of populations. In accordance with previous morphological studies, we identified the Asiatic clade as the subspecies G. s. yarkandensis, and the other two clades as the nominate form G. s. subgutturosa. The new genetic information for goitered gazelles in Iran provides the basis for future national conservation programs of this species.
Intraminority solidarity: The role of critical consciousness
Authors: Burson Esther , Godfrey Erin B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA central question in the growing field of intraminority relations is how best to promote solidarity among marginalized groups. The current article reviews existing social psychological theories of intraminority relations, with a focus on barriers to, and facilitators of, intraminority solidarity. In particular, we explore the roles of competition and identity threats in eroding solidarity, and examine how similarity perceptions, a common identity of stigma, and structural and historical attributions generate solidarity. We then suggest that critical consciousness, a theory of sociopolitical development prominent in the developmental and community psychology literatures, can integrate disparate findings and extend our understanding of solidarity among marginalized groups. Borrowing from the critical consciousness literature, we outline new theoretical predictions for fostering intraminority solidarity. This exploration furthers existing theoretical work on intraminority solidarity and intergroup relations more broadly.
Daily listening to Mozart reduces seizures in individuals with epilepsy: A randomized control study
Authors: Rafiee Marjan , Patel Kramay , Groppe David M. , Andrade Danielle M. , Bercovici Eduard , Bui Esther , Carlen Peter L. , Reid Aylin , Tai Peter , Weaver Donald , Wennberg Richard , Valiante Taufik A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders . Many individuals continue to have seizures despite medical and surgical treatments, suggesting adjunctive management strategies are required. Promising effects of daily listening to Mozart on reducing seizure frequency in individuals with epilepsy have been demonstrated over the last 20 years, but not in a rigorously controlled manner. In this study, we compared the effect on seizure frequency of daily listening to either Mozart K.448 or a spectrally similar, yet non‐rhythmic control piece. We hypothesized that there would be no difference in seizure counts when participants listened to Mozart K.448 vs when they listened to the control piece.MethodsWe employed a randomized crossover design, in which each participant was exposed to both three months of daily listening to the first six minutes of Sonata for two pianos in D major by Mozart (Mozart K.448; treatment period) and three months of daily listening to phase‐scrambled version (control period). There was a three‐month baseline and a three‐month follow‐up period before and after the six‐month listening period, respectively. Change in seizure counts obtained from the seizure diaries was considered as the main study outcome.ResultsUsing three methodologies to investigate the existence of the treatment effect (paired t test, estimation statistics and plots, and Cohen's d), our results revealed a reduction in seizure counts during the treatment period, which was not observed for the control period (P‐value < .001).SignificanceUsing a spectrally similar control piece, our study advances previous reports that were limited by a “no music” control condition. Daily listening to Mozart K.448 was associated with reducing seizure frequency in adult individuals with epilepsy. These results suggest that daily Mozart listening may be considered as an adjunctive therapeutic option to reduce seizure burden in individuals with epilepsy.
Association between executive function and the evolution of behavioral disorders in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Rouch Isabelle , Padovan Catherine , Boublay Nawèle , Pongan Elodie , Laurent Bernard , Trombert‐Paviot Béatrice , Krolak‐Salmon Pierre , Dorey Jean‐Michel 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThis study was aimed at evaluating the association between cognitive functioning and the occurrence of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods/DesignThe population is derived from the PACO cohort, including 237 patients with prodromal or mild AD. A neuropsychological tests battery exploring verbal and visual memory, language, attention, and executive functions was performed at baseline. BPSD were assessed at 6‐, 12‐, and 18‐month follow‐up with neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI).ResultsLower baseline performance on Stroop test interference score was associated with higher subsequent overall NPI scores (P = .006), subscores of anxiety/depression (P = .03), and apathy inventory (P = .01). Conversely, other executive functions, verbal or visual memory, and language performances were not associated with a higher risk of BPSD.ConclusionOur results suggest that poorer inhibition performance would be associated with a higher risk of 18‐month BPSD occurrence, including anxiety, depression, and apathy. A better knowledge of the predictive factors of the BPSDs would make it possible to better identify the patients at risk, to propose preventive strategies and an earlier adapted care. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:‐, 2020.
Rare lymphomas in routine practice—Treatment and outcome in Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia in the prospective German Tumour Registry Lymphatic Neoplasms
Authors: Knauf Wolfgang , Abenhardt Wolfgang , Slawik Hans Rainer , Bückner Ute , Otremba Burkhard , Sauer Annette , Zahn Mark‐Oliver , Wetzel Natalie , Kaiser‐Osterhues Anja , Houet Leonora , Marschner Norbert ,   the TLN‐Group (Tumour Registry Lymphatic Neoplasms)
Published: May 2020

AbstractWaldenström's macroglobulinaemia (WM) is a rare indolent B‐cell lymphoma for which only little prospective phase III evidence exists. Thus, real world data are important to provide insight into treatment and survival. We present here data on choice and outcome of systemic treatment of patients with WM treated in German routine practice. In total, 139 patients with WM who had been documented in the prospective clinical cohort study Tumour Registry Lymphatic Neoplasms (NCT00889798) were included into this analysis. We analysed the most frequently used first‐line and second‐line treatments between 2009 and 2017 and examined best response, progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Bendamustine plus rituximab, with a median of six cycles, was by far the most frequently used first‐line treatment (81%). Second‐line treatment was more heterogenous and mainly based on bendamustine, cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone (CHOP), fludarabine or ibrutinib, the latter approved in 2014. Three‐year PFS from start of first‐line treatment was 83% (95% confidence interval [CI] 74%‐88%), 3‐year OS was 87% (95% CI 80%‐92%). These prospective data give valuable insights into the management and outcome of non‐selected patients with WM treated in German routine practice. In the lack of prospective phase III clinical trials, real world data can help bridging the gap of evidence.
Apheresis machines variably overestimate mononuclear cell collection volume
Authors: Deeren Dries , Neyrinck Marleen , Vrielink Hans 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionCalculation of the actual number of CD34+ cells in the collection product is based on the volume of the collected product and its concentration of CD34+ cells measured in the lab. The number of CD34+ cells infused correlates closely with the pace of hematopoietic reconstitution following autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation.MethodsWe studied peripheral blood stem cell collections in a single apheresis center with two Spectra Optia devices, using mononuclear cell collection or continuous mononuclear cell collection procedures. The collection volume displayed by the apheresis device was compared with the volume determined by a weight‐based method.ResultsFifty‐two consecutive CD34 collections in 35 different donors (range 1‐4 daily procedures per donor) were analyzed. The machines reported larger collection volumes (P < .001). The mean collection volume reported by the machine was 274.37 mL (range 162‐396). The mean manually measured collection volume was 261.82 mL (range 155‐371.40). Mean overestimation by machine was 12.53 mL (range −0.95 to 31.24; 95% confidence interval 10.94‐14.11) or 4.88% (range −0.26 to 10.28). Median overestimation of the absolute number of CD34 was 10.29 × 106 (range −2.83 to 141.84 × 106).ConclusionBoth Spectra Optia machines overestimated the collection volume after peripheral blood stem cell collection. Although the mean variation falls within the expected range, in some cases, this overestimation may be clinically relevant if no other method of measurement is used.
Newly collected data across Alaska reveal remarkable biases in solar radiation products
Authors: Wang Kang , Clow Gary D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractData on surface solar radiation are scarce in high‐latitude regions, and few studies have evaluated the performance of reanalysis products in estimating solar radiation in those regions. Here, an extensive solar radiation dataset is compiled from 98 stations across Alaska to evaluate 11 different surface solar radiation products (seven reanalysis and four observation‐derived). No product can capture all aspects of the ground‐based observations, and there is ample room for improvement; root mean square errors (RMSEs) of daily, monthly, and annual average comparisons of the products against observations are 38–65, 19–39, and 11–17 W⋅m−2, respectively. ERA5, MERRA2, and ERA‐Interim performed the best in Alaska. Daily records from all products show large RMSEs of 60–108 W⋅m−2 during May–July, equivalent to 30–55% of the observed solar radiation during this season. The sparseness of Alaskan observations, cloud cover, and algorithm issues may be potential sources of bias.
New hourly extreme precipitation regions and regional annual probability estimates for the UK
Authors: Darwish Motasem M. , Tye Mari R. , Prein Andreas F. , Fowler Hayley J. , Blenkinsop Stephen , Dale Murray , Faulkner Duncan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecent flooding related to extreme precipitation in the UK has highlighted the importance of better understanding these events. Many studies have quantified annual exceedance probabilities (or return periods) for UK extreme daily precipitation using fixed regions (e.g., HadUKP) and region of interest (ROI) (e.g., Flood Estimation Handbook) approaches, although fewer have evaluated short‐duration events, which are important for flash flooding. Existing UK extreme precipitation regions are based on daily datasets which have different characteristics compared to sub‐daily extremes, and their application to quantify short‐duration extremes may therefore be inappropriate. We use a recently available, quality‐controlled hourly precipitation dataset for the UK from 1992 to 2014 to derive various extreme precipitation indices (e.g., annual maxima, 0.99 quantile) which are combined with additional climatological variables (e.g., temperature), geographical characteristics (e.g., latitude), and weather patterns (WPs) to characterize the UK hourly extreme precipitation climatology and to define five new hourly extreme regions. These regions fulfil regional homogeneity and discordancy statistical measures, and reflect the dynamical processes associated with the weather pattern categorisation defined over the UK and surrounding European area. Thereafter, we use regional frequency analysis (RFA) to fit generalized extreme value (GEV) and generalized Pareto (GP) distributions to 1 hr annual maxima (AMAX) and 0.99 quantile (Q99) precipitation, respectively, to calculate regional annual probability estimates (AEP) for 20%, 10%, and 2% (i.e., 5‐, 10‐, and 50‐year return periods). The new regions capture the spatial variation of hourly precipitation across the UK. Furthermore, the AEP estimates using both distributions are similar for each region. Finally, the WPs associated with the frequency and intensity of the most extreme hourly precipitation accumulations are not identical to results reported by others for daily precipitation.
Patients With Severe Gastrointestinal Dysmotility Disorders Receiving Home Parenteral Nutrition Have Similar Survival As Those With Short‐Bowel Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Salazar Ennaliza , Clermont‐Dejean Nayima M. , Schwenger Katherine J. P. , Noelting Jessica , Lu Zihang , Lou Wendy , Allard Johane P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionSevere gastrointestinal dysmotility disorder (GID) constitute approximately 20% of patients requiring home parenteral nutrition (HPN), whereas short‐bowel syndrome (SBS) remains the most frequent indication for HPN. This study's aim was to characterize GID patients and compare clinical parameters and survival to SBS patients. Similarly, clinical comparisons between sclerodermaand nonscleroderma patients were made.MethodsDemographic and clinical data for all patients was extracted from the Canadian HPN Registry from January 1, 2003, to November 1, 2018. Kaplan‐Meier method was used to estimate the unadjusted survival probability, and log‐rank test was used to compare the survival probability between groups.Result270 patients (52 GID and 218 SBS) were included in the analysis. For all patients, higher mortality was associated with age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.02 [1.00–1.04]; P = .05), PN dependence (HR, 1.01 [1.00–1.02]; P = .04), hospitalizations (HR, 1.21 [1.10–1.33]; P < .001), and use of immunosuppressant (HR, 1.97 [1.02–3.82]; P = .04). The 5‐ and 10‐year actuarial survival probabilities between GID and SBS were not significantly different (5‐year: 70.0% vs 59.2%; 10‐year: 79.6% vs 66.2% [P = .5], respectively). There was no difference in survival between scleroderma and nonscleroderma patients (P = .67).ConclusionT5‐ and 10‐ year survival probabilities were similar between GID and SBS patients. The diagnosis of scleroderma had no effect on survival. Use of immunosuppressant, older age, PN dependence, and number of hospitalizations per PN duration are risk factors for mortality in both the GID and SBS groups.
Early Lipid Intake Improves Cerebellar Growth in Very Low‐Birth‐Weight Preterm Infants
Authors: Ottolini Katherine M. , Andescavage Nickie , Kapse Kushal , Jacobs Marni , Murnick Jonathan , VanderVeer Rebecca , Basu Sudeepta , Said Mariam , Limperopoulos Catherine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite recent advances in nutrition practice in the neonatal intensive care unit, infants remain at high risk for growth restriction following preterm birth. Additionally, optimal values for macronutrient administration, especially lipid intake, have yet to be established for preterm infants in the extrauterine environment.MethodsWe studied preterm infants born at very low‐birth weight (VLBW, <1500 g) and ≤32 weeks’ gestation. Cumulative macronutrient (carbohydrate, lipid, protein, energy) intake in the first 2 and 4 weeks of life was compared with total and regional brain volumes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) obtained at term‐equivalent age. Preterm infants had no structural brain injury on conventional MRI.ResultsIn a cohort of 67 VLBW infants, cumulative lipid intake in the first 2 weeks of life was positively associated with significantly greater cerebellar volume (β = 95.8; P = .01) after adjusting for weight gain, gestational age at birth, and postmenstrual age at MRI. Cumulative lipid (β = 36.1, P = .01) and energy (β = 3.1; P = .02) intake in the first 4 weeks of life were both significantly associated with greater cerebellar volume. No relationship was seen between carbohydrate or protein intake in the first month of life and cerebral volume at term‐equivalent age.ConclusionEarly cumulative lipid intake in the first month of life is associated with significantly greater cerebellar volume by term‐equivalent age in very premature infants. Our findings emphasize the importance of early, aggressive nutrition interventions to optimize cerebellar development in VLBW infants.
Assessing Malnutrition in Systemic Sclerosis With Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition and European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Criteria
Authors: Rosato Edoardo , Gigante Antonietta , Gasperini Maria Ludovica , Proietti Lidia , Muscaritoli Maurizio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) involvement may lead to malnutrition, which can in turn negatively affect morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of malnutrition in SSc patients with both the European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria and to assess whether it relates with disease activity and severity.MethodsAdult SSc patients were included in the study. Biochemical analyses, disease activity index (DAI), disease severity scale (DSS), anthropometric data, and body composition parameters for GLIM and ESPEN assessment were recorded at enrollment.ResultsOne hundred and two SSc patients were enrolled (86 females, mean age 55 ± 14 years). The prevalence of malnutrition was 8.8% (9 of 102), according to ESPEN, and 16.6% (17 of 102), according to GLIM criteria. GLIM severity grading of malnutrition was moderate in 12.7% (13 of 102) and severe in 3.9% (4 of 102) . In SSc patients with malnutrition according to GLIM criteria, DAI and DSS were significantly higher than in SSc patients without malnutrition (P < .0001), whereas no association was observed between malnutrition and DAI or DSS when using the ESPEN criteria.ConclusionPrevalence of malnutrition is higher with GLIM than with ESPEN criteria. Irrespective of the method used, prevalence of malnutrition in SSc is lower than one would expect in a chronic, autoimmune disease with GIT involvement.