bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiorespiratory Responses to Endurance Exercise Over the Menstrual Cycle and With Oral Contraceptive Use
Authors: Barba-Moreno Laura , Cupeiro Rocío , Romero-Parra Nuria , Janse de Jonge Xanne A.K. , Peinado Ana B. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Barba-Moreno, L, Cupeiro, R, Romero-Parra, N, Janse de Jonge, XA, and Peinado, AB. Cardiorespiratory Responses to Endurance Exercise Over the Menstrual Cycle and With Oral Contraceptive Use. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 392–399, 2022—Female steroid hormone fluctuations during the menstrual cycle and exogenous hormones from oral contraceptives may have potential effects on exercise performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of these fluctuations on cardiorespiratory responses during steady-state exercise in women. Twenty-three healthy endurance-trained women performed 40 minutes of running at 75% of their maximal aerobic speed during different phases of the menstrual cycle (n = 15; early follicular phase, midfollicular phase, and luteal phase) or oral contraceptive cycle (n = 8; hormonal phase and nonhormonal phase). Ventilatory parameters and heart rate (HR) were measured. Data were analyzed using a mixed linear model. For the eumenorrheic group, significantly higher oxygen uptake (p = 0.049) and percentage of maximum oxygen uptake (p = 0.035) were observed during the midfollicular phase compared with the early follicular. Heart rate (p = 0.004), oxygen ventilatory equivalent (p = 0.042), carbon dioxide ventilatory equivalent (p = 0.017), and tidal volume (p = 0.024) increased during luteal phase in comparison with midfollicular. In oral contraceptive users, ventilation (p = 0.030), breathing frequency (p = 0.018), oxygen ventilatory equivalent (p = 0.032), and carbon dioxide ventilatory equivalent (p = 0.001) increased during the hormonal phase. No significant differences were found for the rest of the parameters or phases. Both the eumenorrheic group and oral contraceptive group showed a significant increase in some ventilatory parameters during luteal and hormonal phases, respectively, suggesting lower cardiorespiratory efficiency. However, the lack of clinical meaningfulness of these differences and the nondifferences of other physiological variables, indicate that the menstrual cycle had a small impact on submaximal exercise in the current study.
Influence of Mental Fatigue on Physical Performance, and Physiological and Perceptual Responses of Judokas Submitted to the Special Judo Fitness Test
Authors: Campos Bruno T. , Penna Eduardo M. , Rodrigues João G.S. , Mendes Thiago T. , Maia-Lima André , Nakamura Fabio Y. , Vieira Érica L.M. , Wanner Samuel P. , Prado Luciano S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Campos, BT, Penna, EM, Rodrigues, JGS, Mendes, TT, Maia-Lima, A, Nakamura, FY, Vieira, ÉLM, Wanner, SP, and Prado, LS. Influence of mental fatigue on physical performance, and physiological and perceptual responses of judokas submitted to the Special Judo Fitness Test. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 461–468, 2022—Mentally fatigued athletes present impaired aerobic performance, strength endurance, and manual dexterity, despite no changes in anaerobic performance and maximal muscle strength and power. Noteworthy, the effect of mental fatigue on physical performance during high-intensity intermittent tests that require specific motor skills of fighting sports has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to verify whether mental fatigue influences performance and physiological and perceptual responses of judokas subjected to a high-intensity intermittent test designed specifically and validated for judo. Each judoka performed 2 experimental trials—a control trial one and the other one after the induction of mental fatigue. These trials were scheduled in a random and balanced order. In both trials, lactate, glucose, and cortisol concentrations, the heart rate variability, and perceptual variables were collected after the initial treatment and after the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT). The initial treatment consisted of a 30-minute cognitive demanding task (Stroop Color test) or watching a movie (control) and was followed by the SJFT. The Stroop Color test increased the perceptions of mental fatigue and effort, without affecting motivation for subsequent testing. Unexpectedly, mentally fatigued athletes did not show reduced performance during the SJFT. Regarding the physiological variables, no significant differences were identified between the 2 experimental conditions. We conclude that physical performance measured during a specific test for judokas is not impaired by a previous 30-minute cognitive task that causes mental fatigue. In addition, this cognitive task did not influence the physiological changes induced by the specific physical test.
On the Failure Mechanism of Brittle Granite in 2-D Rock Indentation
Authors: Liu Weiji , Zhu Xiaohua , Shi Changshuai 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Rock indentation is one of the main mechanical rock breaking approaches, in which the indenter moves perpendicular to the rock surface. A detailed understanding of the failure mechanism of brittle granite is of great importance to achieve high efficiency in rock breaking and to optimize the cutting parameters during deep hard formation drilling. In the present study, a rock indentation simulation model of Ya’an granite is carried out, using the grain-based model (GBM), which is based on the discrete element method of Particle Flow Code (PFC2D), to reproduce the crack initiation, propagation, and coalescence processes in intact rock. This study also includes an experimental program to examine the crack initiation, propagation, and the acoustic emissions in rock specimens. The results show that the microcracks generate gradually in intact rock with respect to penetration depth, and some of the microcracks coalesce with the crack number increasing, eventually resulting in the macrofracture formation. Four types of microcracks will generate during the indentation: intragrain tensile crack, intragrain shear crack, intergrain tensile crack, and intergrain shear crack. Among these four types of cracks, the intergrain tensile crack and intragrain shear crack are the two main crack types generated in indentation, especially the intergrain tensile crack. The rock failure mechanisms are different with the variation of grain size, and the lateral fragmentation of rock is restricted because of the chip hold-down effect of hydrostatic pressure. This study leads to an enhanced understanding of rock breaking mechanisms of Ya’an granite and provides the basis for improving the rock excavation machine design.
Epistatic Transcription Factor Networks Differentially ModulateArabidopsisGrowth and Defense
Authors: Li Baohua , Tang Michelle , Caseys Céline , Nelson Ayla , Zhou Marium , Zhou Xue , Brady Siobhan M , Kliebenstein Daniel J 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHow a plant regulates the relationship between plant growth and plant defense is critical for understanding plant fitness or yield. Yet, little about the required complex underlying interactions are understood....Plants integrate internal and external signals to finely coordinate growth and defense for maximal fitness within a complex environment. A common model suggests that growth and defense show a trade-offs relationship driven by energy costs. However, recent studies suggest that the coordination of growth and defense likely involves more conditional and intricate connections than implied by the trade-off model. To explore how a transcription factor (TF) network may coordinate growth and defense, we used a high-throughput phenotyping approach to measure growth and flowering in a set of single and pairwise mutants previously linked to the aliphatic glucosinolate (GLS) defense pathway. Supporting a link between growth and defense, 17 of the 20 tested defense-associated TFs significantly influenced plant growth and/or flowering time. The TFs’ effects were conditional upon the environment and age of the plant, and more critically varied across the growth and defense phenotypes for a given genotype. In support of the coordination model of growth and defense, the TF mutant’s effects on short-chain aliphatic GLS and growth did not display a simple correlation. We propose that large TF networks integrate internal and external signals and separately modulate growth and the accumulation of the defensive aliphatic GLS.
Dişi kalıpla sac hidroşekillendirme prosesinde hareketli kalıp kullanımının şekillendirilebilirlik üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi
Authors: ANKARALI Mustafa Samet , DİLMEÇ Murat , Türköz Mevlüt 
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmada,
yeni bir yöntem olarak önerilen tamamı hareketli dişi kalıpla sac
hidroşekillendirme prosesinin sac metal parçaların şekillendirilebilirliğine
etkisi sonlu elemanlar analizi ile nümerik olarak incelenmiştir ve analizler
deneysel olarak sabit dişi kalıp üzerinde doğrulanmıştır. Hareketli dişi
kalıpla hidroşekillendirme prosesinin etkisini görmek amacıyla, düz silindirik
bir parçanın şekillendirilmesi için, hem sabit kalıpla hem de hareketli kalıpla
sac hidroşekillendirme prosesinin sonlu elemanlar analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Her iki proses sırasında, aynı sürtünme katsayıları, baskı plakası kuvveti ve
basınç eğrileri kullanılmıştır. Sac malzeme olarak SS 304 seçilmiştir. Yapılan
analizler sonucunda, sabit kalıpla sac hidroşekillendirme prosesi ile
gerçekleştirilen analiz sonucunda aynı parçada yaklaşık maksimum %17 civarında
incelme olurken, hareketli dişi kalıpla yapılan analizde parçada %9 civarında
maksimum incelme gözlenmiştir. Başka bir ifadeyle, hareketli dişi kalıpla
yapılan analizde parçadaki maksimum % incelme değerinin, sabit kalıpla sac
hidroşekillendirme prosesiyle yapılan analizlere göre, yaklaşık %8 civarında daha az olduğu
görülmüştür. Ayrıca, parçadaki birim şekil değiştirmeler şekillendirme sınır
eğrisinde değerlendirildiğinde, sabit kalıpla analiz sonunda parçada yırtılma
riski gözlenirken, hareketli kalıpla hidroşekillendirme prosesi için yapılan
analizlerde yırtılma riski tespit edilmemiştir. Hareketli kalıpla sac
hidroşekillendirme prosesinde daha az % incelme olması, proses sırasında dişi
kalıpla sac arasındaki sürtünmenin, sabit kalıba göre daha kısa sürede
gerçekleşmesiyle açıklanabilir. Hareketli dişi kalıpla sac hidroşekillendirme
prosesinde sac ile dişi kalıp arasında sürtünmenin daha kısa süreli olması
sayesinde, parçanın incelmeye karşı direnci artmaktadır.
X VE Y KUŞAĞI ÇALIŞANLARININ MOTİVASYON ARAÇLARININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: Fırın Sevcan , Tunçer Helvacıoğlu ENDER 
Published: December 2019

Ekonomik,
sosyal ve teknolojik alanda yaşanan gelişmeler, niteliklerde, beklentilerde ve
kuşak anlayışında değişime neden olmuştur. Kuşaklar konusunda tam bir görüş
birliği olmamakla birlikte 1960-1980 arası doğanlar X, 1980-2000 arasında
doğanlar Y kuşağı olarak nitelendirilmektedir. 1980’lerden önce X kuşağı çalışanlarına
rastlanırken bugün X ve Y kuşağına bir arada rastlanmaya başlanmıştır.
Kuşakları bir arada tutabilmek ve çatışmalarını engelleyebilmek için farklı
strateji ve politikalar uygulanmaya başlanmıştır. Bugün X ve Y kuşağı
çalışanlarına en çok hangi sektörde rastlandığı; X ve Y kuşağı çalışanlarının
motivasyon araçları tartışılmaktadır. Çalışmada X ve Y kuşağı motivasyon
araçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Afyonkarahisar’daki hastanelerde yapılan çalışmada
veriler
Mottaz’ın (1985) iş motivasyon ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. X ve Y
kuşaklarının içsel ve dışsal motivasyon araçlarının farklılık göstermediği
sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca
yapılan bu araştırma sonucuna göre, hastane çalışanlarının içsel motivasyon
araçlarını önemseme eğilimi dışsal motivasyon araçlarını önemseme eğilimlerine
kıyasla daha yüksek olduğu söylenebilir.
Yusuf Al-Qaradawi Concept on Professional Zakat
Authors: Husain Hukmiah , Hamzah Nasir , Asse Ambo , Kara Muslimim 
Published: December 2019

The research findings show that Yusuf al-Qaradawi views the management of zakat on profession as a general ruling, istinba aw, qiyas, a part of the principles of justice and principles of benefit (maqasidal-syariah). Besides, the findings indicate that the historical aspect of zakat on profession (Asar) refers to the zakat management practised in the era of Companions of the Prophet (pbuh), Tabi’in and Tabi’-tabi’in. The next sub discussion is about zakat collection method. The research findings reveal that Yusuf al-Qaradawi prefers to use gold as the parameter for the calculation of zakat on profession (85 grams). Zakat quantity is derived from the amount of asset after being reduced by the primary needs of a muzakki and their dependants as well as the due debts. Moreover, according to Yusuf al-Qaradawi, haul (a span of one year) is not necessarily a mandatory requirement. In this case, he bases his arguments on the practices of some of the Companions of the Prophet (pbuh) such as Umar ibn Khattab, Mu’awiyahbi Abi Sufyan, Ibnu Mas’ud, and tabi’ insuch as Umar ibn Abdul Aziz, as well as the statements of tabi’ tabi’in such as Ahmad bin Hanbal and Abu Hanifah. Therefore, Yusuf al-Qaradawi argues that the zakat on profession is as much as 2.5% from total income.
Post Vaccine Rubella During a Measles Outbreak: Clinical Case
Authors: Graça Luísa , Pereira Sara , Duro Raquel , Sarmento António 
Published: December 2019

Rubella is a vaccine preventable infection, and congenital rubella the most feared complication of this disease. Although young adult women are at greatest risk of post-vaccine rubella, this is also the group who potentially benefits the most from vaccine protection. Since post-vaccine disease has a mild and self-limited course, the benefit clearly exceeds the risk. During a measles outbreak in the north of Portugal, a 38-year-old woman presented with cervical posterior lymphadenopathies, fever and a maculo-papular rash one week after the administration of the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine. Measles was discarded and rubella viremia was demonstrated. Symptoms of rubella are non-specific and laboratory confirmation is essential. This is particularly relevant during a measles outbreak.
Pleasure and Sex Education: The Need for Broadening Both Content and Measurement
Authors: Kantor Leslie M. , Lindberg Laura 
Published: December 2019

Sex education in the United States is limited in both its content and the measures used to collect data on what is taught. The risk-reduction framework that guides the teaching of sex education in the United States focuses almost exclusively on avoiding unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, overlooking other critical topics such as the information and skills needed to form healthy relationships and content related to sexual pleasure. Young people express frustration about the lack of information on sexuality and sexual behavior that is included in sex education programs; sexual and gender minority youths, in particular, feel overlooked by current approaches. International guidance provides a more robust framework for developing and measuring sex education and suggests a number of areas in which US sex education can improve to better meet the needs of youths.
State-Level Changes in Firearm Laws and Workplace Homicide Rates: United States, 2011 to 2017
Authors: Sabbath Erika L. , Hawkins Summer Sherburne , Baum Christopher F. 
Published: December 2019

Objectives. To test whether year-over-year strengthening of state-level firearm laws is associated with decreases in workplace homicide rates. Methods. In this time-series ecological study of working people in all 50 US states, we used federal data on workplace homicides by state and year from 2011 to 2017, linked to an index of state–year firearm laws, to characterize the regulatory environment (overall and within legislative categories). We used generalized linear regression to model associations between changes in firearm laws and changes in workplace homicide rates the following year. Results. From 2011 to 2017, more than 3000 people died as a result of workplace homicides; over that period, 23 states strengthened firearm regulations and 23 weakened them. We modeled the impact of states strengthening laws within the interquartile range (IQR; equivalent to adding 20.5 firearm laws). This change was associated with a 3.7% reduction in the workplace homicide rate (95% confidence interval [CI] = −3.86, −3.51). Positive IQR changes in specific categories of firearm laws—concealed carry permitting (−5.79%; 95% CI = −6.09, −3.51), domestic violence–related restrictions (−5.31%; 95% CI = −5.57, −5.05), and background checks (−5.07%; 95% CI = −5.32, −4.82)—were also associated with significant reductions. Conclusions. Strengthening state-level firearm laws may reduce the population-level mortality and morbidity burden posed by workplace homicides.
Trends in E-Cigarette, Cigarette, Cigar, and Smokeless Tobacco Use Among US Adolescent Cohorts, 2014–2018
Authors: Evans-Polce Rebecca , Veliz Phil , Boyd Carol J. , McCabe Vita V. , McCabe Sean Esteban 
Published: December 2019

Objectives. To examine changes in age of initiation of e-cigarette, cigarette, cigar, and smokeless tobacco use among adolescents in the United States. Methods. We used data from 5 cohorts of the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014–2018; n = 26 662). Results. In 2014, 8.8% of lifetime e-cigarette users initiated use at 14 years or younger, as compared with 28.6% of lifetime e-cigarette users in 2018. There was no such change in initiation ages for cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco among lifetime users of each of these products. Conclusions. US adolescents are initiating e-cigarette use at younger ages in recent years. This is concerning given the association of e-cigarette use with subsequent cigarette use. Continued surveillance of these trends and additional prospective research are needed. Tobacco prevention programs, policies, and regulations that make it more difficult for youths to obtain e-cigarettes are warranted.
Addressing Health Disparities Through Deliberative Methods: Citizens’ Panels for Health Equity
Authors: Subica Andrew M. , Brown Brandon J. 
Published: December 2019

Health disparities adversely affect millions of people living in disadvantaged communities, resisting public health interventions that do not address the specific conditions, driving forces, or health problems in these communities. Drawing from the underutilized science of deliberative methods, we introduce the innovative citizens’ panels for health equity approach—a novel methodology that engages public expertise and knowledge of community health needs, risks, and priorities to tailor public health research and interventions for greater relevance and impact on disadvantaged communities. By engaging affected residents and stakeholders in informed deliberation and decision-making about community health disparities, citizens’ panels provide important guidance for (1) designing research studies to target the major health disparities affecting disadvantaged communities and (2) tailoring evidence-based interventions to the perspectives, practices, and preferences of disadvantaged residents. Employed as the primary methodology in 2 federally funded projects conducted in California and Arkansas between 2017 and 2019, citizens’ panels offer a systematic method for obtaining rich community insight into health disparities, shaping community-informed solutions, and affording disadvantaged communities influence over public health decision-making to stimulate grassroots change and health equity.
Deaths of Despair and Brexit Votes: Cross-Local Authority Statistical Analysis in England and Wales
Authors: Koltai Jonathan , Varchetta Francesco Maria , McKee Martin , Stuckler David 
Published: December 2019

Objectives. To test the hypothesis that deaths of despair, a marker of social suffering, were associated with greater support for Brexit in the United Kingdom’s 2016 European Union referendum. Methods. We used cross-local authority regression models of Brexit vote shares on changes in suicide and drug-related death rates before (2005–2007) and after the recession (2014–2016), adjusting for sociodemographic factors. The population comprised 345 local authorities in England and Wales. Results. Mortality rates were associated with voting patterns. An increase of 10 drug-related deaths per 100 000 was associated with a 15.25-percentage-point increase in Brexit votes (95% confidence interval [CI] = 10.27, 20.24), while an increase of 10 suicides per 100 000 was associated with a 9.97-percentage-point increase in vote shares for Brexit (95% CI = 6.25, 13.70). These results were substantially attenuated after we adjusted for education, and reduced to nonsignificance for drug mortality (b = 2.18; 95% CI = –0.21, 4.57) and suicide (b = 0.94; 95% CI = –0.32, 2.21) upon inclusion of other sociodemographic factors. Conclusions. Worsening mortality correlated with Brexit votes. These phenomena appear to share similar antecedents. A rise in such deaths may point to deeper social problems that could have political consequences.
Relación de la edad cronológica con la maduración ósea cervical mediante el método de Baccetti
Authors: Julca Lévano Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2019

Introducción: Es importante valorar el momento ideal en el que se producen los cambios tanto biológicos como estructurales en el crecimiento y desarrollo de los maxilares, para identificar en qué momento se inicia del crecimiento puberal en los pacientes jóvenes y corregir las alteraciones tanto dentarias como esqueléticas que se puedan presentar. Objetivo: Evaluar los estadios de maduración de las vértebras cervicales mediante el análisis propuesto por Baccetti y su relación con la edad cronológica y el sexo, en radiografías laterales de individuos de 8 a 14 años. Metodología: Estudio transversal, retrospectivo y descriptivo. Se evaluaron 280 radiografías laterales (140 de varones y 140 de mujeres). Un evaluador calibrado evaluó los estadios de maduración esquelética e identificó 6 de ellas. Se evaluó el pico de crecimiento de los individuos desde la segunda a la cuarta vértebra cervical en las radiografías y luego se relacionó con la edad y el sexo de los individuos. Se utilizaron las pruebas de asociación de Chi cuadrado p < 0,05. Resultados: En las edades de 11 y 12 años se observó que las mujeres tenían mayor grado de madurez que los varones; sin embargo, para apreciar mejor los resultados, se reagruparon según los estadios: 1 con 2, 3 con 4 y 5 con 6, y se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ellos (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: Existe asociación en el diagnóstico del pico de crecimiento y la maduración ósea de los pacientes según su edad cronológica, con una clara diferencia entre varones y mujeres, lo que evidencia que el método de Baccetti se pueda emplear de manera confiable en la población estudiada.