bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Surface RGD Patterns on Protein Nanocages in Tumor Targeting Revealed Using Precise Discrete Models
Authors: Fang Ti , Zhu Weiwei , Li Chaoqun , Zhang Fan , Gao Ding , Zhang Zhi‐Ping , Liang Ao , Zhang Xian‐En , Li Feng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe effectiveness of active targeting in cancer nanomedicine is becoming increasingly more debatable. Here, the role of the ligand functionalization patterns (number and distribution) on nanoparticle surfaces in tumor targeting is investigated using a 9 nm sized miniferritin protein nanocage, Dps modified with Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) ligands whose functionalization patterns are precisely controlled. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that RGD modification endows Dps with tumor targeting capacity no matter what the surface pattern is. The tumor targeting of 2‐ligand Dps, which is better than that of 1‐ligand Dps, rivals or surpasses that of the 12‐ or 24‐ligand Dps. The 12‐ligand Dps with clustered RGD distribution shows 2.3 times the in vivo targeting efficiency of that with even distribution. The surface ligand pattern effects are correlated at least to receptor clustering and opsonization. This study provides insights into the understanding of the controversial findings on active tumor targeting in the literature and highlights the necessity of precise functionalization to achieve optimal active targeting in developing cancer nanomedicine.
Bifunctional Ytterbium (III) Chloride Driven Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Stable α‐CsPbI3 for High‐Efficiency Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Min , Deng Kaimo , Meng Linxing , Li Liang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInorganic perovskite CsPbI3 has been studied as a promising alternative light‐absorbing material for photovoltaic application due to its suitable band gap for converting solar light and enhanced stability toward ambient conditions compared to the organic–inorganic halide perovskite. However, the photoactive α‐phase of CsPbI3 can only be stabilized at a high temperature and the phase transition from α‐phase to δ‐phase easily occurs at room temperature. Herein, ytterbium (III) chloride (YbCl3) as a bifunctional additive is introduced into the perovskite precursor to stabilize the black α‐phase, and high‐quality CsPbI3 films are obtained at a temperature as low as 80 °C. Yb3+ partly replaces Pb2+ to enhance the tolerance factor and favors the formation of α‐phase. The Lewis adduct complex of YbCl3·DMSO in the perovskite film can passivate the perovskite film with reduced defects and help enhance the stability of the α‐phase. The YbCl3‐modified planar‐type α‐CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells show a champion power conversion efficiency of 12.4% with an impressive stability at ambient conditions. The additive induced controlled crystallization provides a simple and promising way to improve the photovoltaic performance of inorganic perovskite solar cells.
Rheinstahl‐Hochhaus Essen: International Style im Ruhrgebiet
Authors: Hauke Bernhard 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDas Rheinstahl‐Hochhaus war das erste Hochhaus in Essen und prägte mit seinem International Style als Fortführung der Moderne die Vorstellung von zurückhaltenden Unternehmenssitzen. Ausgehend vom architektonischen Kontext [1] wird hier insbesondere auf Statik und Konstruktion des Stahlskelettbaus sowie der Fassade eingegangen, basierend auf der Arbeit des Ingenieurs Heinrich Schulte‐Ebbert [2]. Weiterhin wird die Revitalisierung kurz erläutert.
Evaluation and communication of pluvial flood risks in urban areas
Authors: Schmitt Theo G. , Scheid Christian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe increase of pluvial flooding has long been discussed to be a most probable outcome of climate change. This has raised the question of necessary consequences in the design of urban drainage systems in order to secure adequate flood protection and resilience. Due to the uncertainties in future trends of heavy rainfall events, the awareness of remaining risks of extreme pluvial flooding needs to be roused at responsible decision makers and the public as well leading to the implementation of pluvial flood risk management (PFRM) concepts. The state of two core elements of PFRM in Germany are described here: flood hazard and risk evaluation and risk communication. In 2016 the guideline DWA‐M 119 has been published to establish city‐based PFRM concepts in specification of the European Flood Risk Management Directive (EU 2007). As core elements, the guidelines recommend a site‐specific analysis and evaluation of flood hazards and potentials of flood damages to create flood hazard and flood risk maps. In the long run, PFRM needs to be established as a joint community effort and a requirement for more flood resilience. The risk communication within the administration and in the public requires a comprehensible characterization and classification of heavy rainfall to illustrate event extremity. The concept of a rainstorm severity index (RSI) instead of statistical rainfall parameters appears to be promising to gain a better perception by affected citizens and non‐hydrology‐experts as well. A methodical approach is described to specify and assign site‐specific rainfall depths within the severity index scheme RSI12.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Engineering Water > Methods
Performance enhancement of the artificial neural network–based reinforcement learning for wind turbine yaw control
Authors: Saenz‐Aguirre Aitor , Zulueta Ekaitz , Fernandez‐Gamiz Unai , Ulazia Alain , Teso‐Fz‐Betono Daniel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe yaw angle control of a wind turbine allows maximization of the power absorbed from the wind and, thus, the increment of the system efficiency. Conventionally, classical control algorithms have been used for the yaw angle control of wind turbines. Nevertheless, in recent years, advanced control strategies have been designed and implemented for this purpose. These advanced control strategies are considered to offer improved features in comparison to classical algorithms. In this paper, an advanced yaw control strategy based on reinforcement learning (RL) is designed and verified in simulation environment. The proposed RL algorithm considers multivariable states and actions, as well as the mechanical loads due to the yaw rotation of the wind turbine nacelle and rotor. Furthermore, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Pareto optimal front (PoF)‐based algorithm have been developed in order to find the optimal actions that satisfy the compromise between the power gain and the mechanical loads due to the yaw rotation. Maximizing the power generation and minimizing the mechanical loads in the yaw bearings in an automatic way are the objectives of the proposed RL algorithm. The data of the matrices Q (s,a) of the RL algorithm are stored as continuous functions in an artificial neural network (ANN) avoiding any quantification problem. The NREL 5‐MW reference wind turbine has been considered for the analysis, and real wind data from Salt Lake, Utah, have been used for the validation of the designed yaw control strategy via simulations with the aeroelastic code FAST.
Inscriptions and Digitalization Initiatives Across Time in the Nation-State of Sweden: The Relevance of Shifts and Continuities in Policy Accounts for Teachers’ Work
Authors: Almén Lars , Bagga-Gupta Sangeeta 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study illuminates the political, ideological, moral and ethical driving forces behind the Swedish governmental initiative to digitalize the educational system—the Swedish Digitalization Initiative (SDI). Taking a sociocultural point of departure, policy documents are considered mediational means and have agency. Nexus analysis is the analytical lens that is deployed. Policies are analyzed according to the public consultative discourse analysis scheme. Three main findings are reported in this study:

The policy documents are chained, that is, one document is linked to one or more others.

There are three important discourses that circulate in the policy documents: digital competence, programming and an economical discourse.

Different policy documents have different strengths of agency, expressed rhetorically in terms of both languaging and layout.

The driving forces of SDI are politically and ideologically economical liberalism. Moral and ethical driving forces can be seen in terms of equality between women and men.
Footballers and Conductors: Between Reclusiveness and Conviviality
Authors: Hansen Anders Høg 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe chapter engages with two cases, firstly a footballer taking part in a UK testimonial of white versus black footballers in 1979. The event was depicted in a 2016 documentary which leads into a discussion of postcolonial Britain at a time where football, music and politics are in intense relation. The second case addresses the life of a to-be conductor in 1905 taken from the West Indies and caved as a human exhibit for a Tivoli colonial festival in Denmark. He eventually managed to stay in the country and late in life also initiated a nurse’s choir. The discussion of the cases evolves around the notions of reclusive openness as well as opacity and the convivial politics and representations the subjects were caught in.
Post-2015 Refugees Welcome Initiatives in Sweden: Cosmopolitan Underpinnings
Authors: Povrzanović Frykman Maja , Mäkelä Fanny 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis chapter contributes to the literature that seeks to understand the social and political developments of Refugees Welcome initiatives beyond the immediacy of 2015 “crisis”. Based on interviews conducted in 2018 with activists who hold leading positions in the national umbrella organisation Refugees Welcome Sweden, the chapter presents the analysis of their perceptions and self-reflections on engagement with refugees and on working for a humane asylum politics. It exemplifies how the moral and political dimensions of cosmopolitanism are intertwined in pointing to the universal aim of equality and at the same time demanding that it is realised locally. While none of our interviewees employed the notion of cosmopolitanism, they outlined a normative order that emerges as a political project towards a reconstruction of society along lines of equality and justice.
Soziale Netzwerke und gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten – eine neue Perspektive für die Forschung
Authors: Klärner Andreas , Gamper Markus , Keim-Klärner Sylvia , von der Lippe Holger , Moor Irene , Richter Matthias , Vonneilich Nico 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungEin zentrales Thema von Sozialepidemiologie und Gesundheitssoziologie ist der empirish gut nachgewiesene Zusammenhang zwischen sozialen Ungleichheiten und Gesundheit. Eine umfassende und interdisziplinär anschlussfähige Erklärung der Ursachen dieses Zusammenhanges liegt derzeit jedoch noch nicht vor. In diesem Beitrag lenken wir die Aufmerksamkeit auf die Gesamtheit der persönlichen Beziehungsgeflechte, ihre Strukturen und die zugrunde liegenden Wirkmechanismen und fragen, welchen Erklärungsbeitrag die soziale Netzwerkanalyse (SNA) liefern kann. Wir stellen ein integratives Modell sozialer und gesundheitlicher Ungleichheiten sowie der vermittelnden Netzwerkmechanismen zur Diskussion.
Geschlecht und gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten – Soziale Netzwerke im Kontext von Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten
Authors: Gamper Markus , Seidel Julia , Kupfer Annett , Keim-Klärner Sylvia , Klärner Andreas 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung

Es gibt deutliche Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Morbidität (Krankheitshäufigkeit) und der Mortalität (Sterblichkeit) zwischen Männern* und Frauen*.

Bis zur Pubertät weisen männliche* Jugendliche häufiger gesundheitliche Probleme auf.

Während der Pubertät leiden Mädchen* an chronischen und psychischen Erkrankungen und männliche* Heranwachsende eher an akuten und lebensbedrohlichen Krankheiten (z. B. HIV).

Jungen* und Männer* haben ein riskanteres Gesundheitsverhalten.
Migration als gesundheitliche Ungleichheitsdimension? Natio-ethno-kulturelle Zugehörigkeit, Gesundheit und soziale Netzwerke
Authors: Kupfer Annett , Gamper Markus 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung

Ethnische und migrationsbedingte Differenzen werden zunehmend als Determinante gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit beforscht, diesbezügliche empirische Ergebnisse sind jedoch zum Teil widersprüchlich.

Studien zu „Migration und Gesundheit bzw. gesundheitlichen Ungleichheiten“ und zu „Migration und Netzwerken“ liegen vor.

Studien, die alle drei Bereiche gemeinsam umfassen, sind sehr selten und betrachten 1) fast immer nur eine Bevölkerungsgruppe ohne 2) den Blick zusätzlich auf vertikale Ungleichheitsdimensionen wie Einkommen oder Bildung zu weiten. Die meisten Studien benutzen 3) den Begriff des Netzwerks eher als Metapher, Synonym für Gruppe oder Sozialkapital oder sie beforschen ausschließlich soziale Unterstützung als zentrale Funktion sozialer Netzwerke.
Desiderata: Soziale Netzwerk und gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten – welche Fragen bleiben offen?
Authors: Reis Olaf , Adebahr Philip , Brandt Stefan , Ellwardt Lea , Gamper Markus , Hoffmann Laura , Keim-Klärner Sylvia , Klärner Andreas , Knabe André , Krug Gerhard , Kupfer Annett , Lois Daniel , Mlinarić Martin , Moor Irene , Müller Britta , Niehaus Mathilde , Reims Nancy , Richter Matthias , Seidel Julia , von der Lippe Holger , Vonneilich Nico , Zapfel Stefan 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung„Sag mir, wie viel Deine Freunde verdienen, und ich sage Dir, ob Du rauchst, welche Krankheiten Du hast und wie alt Du werden wirst!“ Mit dieser etwas zugespitzten Aussage wurde am Anfang dieses Bandes vorgeschlagen, den empirisch gut bestätigten Zusammenhang von sozialen und gesundheitlichen Ungleichheiten aus der Perspektive der Netzwerkforschung zu beleuchten. Soziale Netzwerke werden dabei als vermittelnde Instanz auf einer intermediären oder Meso-Ebene verstanden, deren Struktur und Funktion zwischen vertikalen (Einkommen, Bildung, berufliche Stellung etc.) sowie horizontalen (z. B. Alter, Geschlecht, ethnische Herkunft) und gesundheitlichen Ungleichheiten (z. B. Lebenserwartung, Erkrankungsraten) vermittelt (Mediatorfunktion) oder deren Beziehung beeinflusst (Moderatorfunktion). In diesem Beitrag werden die Befunde aus den Kapiteln zusammengetragen und insbesondere die Forschungsdesiderata benannt.
Wirkmechanismen in sozialen Netzwerken
Authors: Klärner Andreas , von der Lippe Holger 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungIn dem Beitrag werden zentrale theoretische Begriffe sowie empirische Ergebnisse zu Netzwerkeffekten auf Gesundheit vorgestellt. Es werden die Wirkmechanismen soziale Unterstützung, soziale Integration, sozialer Einfluss und soziale Ansteckung diskutiert. Der Beitrag fordert die Unterscheidungen von (1) direkten vs. indirekten, (2) positiven vs. negativen Gesundheitseffekten durch (3) verschiedene Akteure oder Sektoren des Netzwerkes. Abschließend wird festgestellt, dass zu dieser differenzierteren Betrachtung von Netzwerkeffekten auf Gesundheit bisher nur wenig konsolidierte Evidenz existiert. Daraus ergibt sich die Forderung nach vermehrten Forschungsanstrengungen.
Classifying complete $$\mathbb {C}$$-subalgebras of $$\mathbb {C}[[t]]$$
Authors: Hamilton Eloise 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe address the problem of classifying complete $$\mathbb {C}$$
C
-subalgebras of $$\mathbb {C}[[t]]$$

C
[
[
t
]
]

. A discrete invariant for this classification problem is the semigroup of orders of the elements in a given $$\mathbb {C}$$
C
-subalgebra. Hence we can define the space $$\mathcal {R}_{\Gamma }$$

R
Γ

of all $$\mathbb {C}$$
C
-subalgebras of $$\mathbb {C}[[t]]$$

C
[
[
t
]
]

with semigroup $$\Gamma $$
Γ
. After relating this space to the Zariski moduli space of curve singularities and to a moduli space of global singular curves, we prove that $$\mathcal {R}_{\Gamma }$$

R
Γ

is an affine variety by describing its defining equations in an ambient affine space in terms of an explicit algorithm. Moreover, we identify certain types of semigroups $$\Gamma $$
Γ
for which $$\mathcal {R}_{\Gamma }$$

R
Γ

is always an affine space, and for general $$\Gamma $$
Γ
we describe the stratification of $$\mathcal {R}_{\Gamma }$$

R
Γ

by embedding dimension. We also describe the natural map from $$\mathcal {R}_{\Gamma }$$

R
Γ

to the Zariski moduli space in some special cases. Explicit examples are provided throughout.
Population pharmacokinetic modeling of PF-06439535 (a bevacizumab biosimilar) and reference bevacizumab (Avastin®) in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Cheryl S. W. , Sweeney Kevin , Cronenberger Carol 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
The objectives of this analysis were to characterize the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of PF-06439535 (a bevacizumab biosimilar) and reference bevacizumab (Avastin®) sourced from the European Union (bevacizumab-EU) in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to quantify the difference in PK parameters between the two drug products via covariate analysis.

Methods
Pooled PF-06439535 and bevacizumab-EU serum concentration data from a comparative clinical efficacy and safety study (NCT02364999) in patients with NSCLC (N = 719) were analyzed using a non-linear mixed-effects modeling approach. Patients received PF-06439535 plus chemotherapy or bevacizumab-EU plus chemotherapy every 21 days for 4–6 cycles, followed by monotherapy with PF-06439535 or bevacizumab-EU. PF-06439535 or bevacizumab-EU was administered intravenously at a dose of 15 mg/kg. Effects of patient and disease covariates, as well as the drug product (PF-06439535 versus bevacizumab-EU), on PK were investigated.

Results
Overall, 8632 serum bevacizumab concentrations from 351 patients in the PF-06439535 group and 354 patients in the bevacizumab-EU group were included in the analysis. A two-compartment model adequately described the combined data. Clearance (CL) and central volume of distribution (V1) estimates were 0.0113 L/h and 2.99 L for a typical 71-kg female patient with NSCLC administered bevacizumab-EU. CL and V1 increased with body weight and were higher in males than females even after accounting for differences in body weight. The 95% confidence intervals for the effect of drug product on CL and V1 encompassed unity.

Conclusions
The population PK of PF-06439535 and bevacizumab-EU were well characterized by a two-compartment model. Covariate analysis did not reveal any appreciable differences between PK parameters for PF-06439535 and bevacizumab-EU in patients with NSCLC.

Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02364999.
A Survey on Modeling Language Evolution in the New Millennium
Authors: D’Ulizia Arianna , Ferri Fernando , Grifoni Patrizia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLanguage is a complex evolving system and it is not a trivial task to model the dynamics of processes occurring during its evolution. Therefore, modeling language evolution has attracted the interest of several researchers giving rise to a lot of models in the literature of the last millennium. This work reviews the literature devoted to computationally represent the evolution of human language through formal models and provides an analysis of the bibliographic production and scientific impact of the surveyed language evolution models to give some conclusions about current trends and future perspectives of this research field. The survey provides also an overview of the strategies for validating and comparing the different language evolution models and how these techniques have been applied by the surveyed models.
sEVD—smartphone-navigated placement of external ventricular drains
Authors: Eisenring Christian V. , Burn Felice , Baumann Michelle , Stieglitz Lennart H. , Kockro Ralf A. , Beck Jürgen , Raabe Andreas , Oertel Markus F. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Currently, the trajectory for insertion of an external ventricular drain (EVD) is mainly determined using anatomical landmarks. However, non-assisted implantations frequently require multiple attempts and are associated with EVD malpositioning and complications. The authors evaluated the feasibility and accuracy of a novel smartphone-guided, angle-adjusted technique for assisted implantations of an EVD (sEVD) in both a human artificial head model and a cadaveric head.

Methods
After computed tomography (CT), optimal insertion angles and lengths of intracranial trajectories of the EVDs were determined. A smartphone was calibrated to the mid-cranial sagittal line. Twenty EVDs were placed using both the premeasured data and smartphone-adjusted insertion angles, targeting the center of the ipsilateral ventricular frontal horn. The EVD positions were verified with post-interventional CT.

Results
All 20 sEVDs (head model, 8/20; cadaveric head, 12/20) showed accurate placement in the ipsilateral ventricle. The sEVD tip locations showed a mean target deviation of 1.73° corresponding to 12 mm in the plastic head model, and 3.45° corresponding to 33 mm in the cadaveric head. The mean duration of preoperative measurements on CT data was 3 min, whereas sterile packing, smartphone calibration, drilling, and implantation required 9 min on average.

Conclusions
By implementation of an innovative navigation technique, a conventional smartphone was used as a protractor for the insertion of EVDs. Our ex vivo data suggest that smartphone-guided EVD placement offers a precise, rapidly applicable, and patient-individualized freehand technique based on a standard procedure with a simple, cheap, and widely available multifunctional device.
Voltammetric monitoring of a solid-liquid phase transition in N,N,N′,N′-tetraoctyl-2,6-diamino-9,10-anthraquinone (TODAQ)
Authors: Ahn Sunyhik , Forder Thomas R. , Jones Matthew D. , Blackburn Richard A. R. , Fordred Paul S. , Bull Steven D. , Marken Frank 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExploratory experiments on effects from a phase transition are reported for a low-melting microcrystalline anthraquinone (N,N,N′,N′-tetraoctyl-2,6-diamino-9,10-anthraquinone or TODAQ). Data for the solid-liquid phase transition are obtained by differential scanning calorimetry and then compared to data obtained by voltammetry. In preliminary electrochemical measurements, microcrystal deposits on a basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode are shown to undergo a solid-state 2-electron 2-proton reduction in contact to aqueous 0.1 M HClO4with a midpoint potentialEmid,solid = − 0.24 V vs. SCE. The reduction mechanism is proposed to be limited mainly by the triple phase boundary line and some transport of TODAQ molecules towards the electrode surface for both solid and melt. A change in the apparent activation energy for this reduction is observed at 69 °C, leading to an enhanced increase in reduction current with midpoint potentialEmid,liquid = − 0.36 V vs. SCE. A change of TODAQ transport along the crystal surface for solid microcrystalline material (for the solid) to diffusion within molten microdroplets (for the liquid) is proposed. Upon cooling, a transition at 60 °C back to a higher apparent activation energy is seen consistent with re-solidification of the molten phase at the electrode surface. Differential scanning calorimetry data for solid TODAQ dry and for TODAQ in contact to aqueous 0.1 M HClO4confirm these transitions.