bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactive influences of fluctuations of main food resources and climate change on long-term population decline of Tengmalm’s owls in the boreal forest
Authors: Kouba Marek , Bartoš Luděk , Bartošová Jitka , Hongisto Kari , Korpimäki Erkki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecent wildlife population declines are usually attributed to multiple sources such as global climate change and habitat loss and degradation inducing decreased food supply. However, interactive effects of fluctuations in abundance of main foods and weather conditions on population densities and reproductive success have been studied rarely. We analysed long-term (1973–2018) data on Tengmalm’s owl (Aegolius funereus) and the influence of prey abundance and weather on breeding densities and reproductive success in western Finland. We found that fledgling production per breeding attempt declined and laying date of the owl population delayed during the period between 1973 and 2018. The breeding density of the owl population decreased with increasing temperature in winter (October–March), fledgling production increased with increasing temperature and precipitation in spring (April–June), whereas the initiation of egg-laying was delayed with increasing depth of snow cover in late winter (January–March). The decreasing trend of fledgling production, which was mainly due to starvation of offspring, was an important factor contributing to the long-term decline of the Tengmalm’s owl study population. Milder and more humid spring and early summer temperatures due to global warming were not able to compensate for lowered offspring production of owls. The main reason for low productivity is probably loss and degradation of mature and old-growth forests due to clear-felling which results in loss of coverage of prime habitat for main (bank voles) and alternative foods (small birds) of owls inducing lack of food, and refuges against predators of Tengmalm’s owls. This interpretation was also supported by the delayed start of egg-laying during the study period although ambient temperatures increased prior to and during the egg-laying period.
Proteomics analysis of serum small extracellular vesicles for the longitudinal study of a glioblastoma multiforme mouse model
Authors: Anastasi Federica , Greco Francesco , Dilillo Marialaura , Vannini Eleonora , Cappello Valentina , Baroncelli Laura , Costa Mario , Gemmi Mauro , Caleo Matteo , McDonnell Liam A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLongitudinal analysis of disease models enables the molecular changes due to disease progression or therapeutic intervention to be better resolved. Approximately 75 µl of serum can be drawn from a mouse every 14 days. To date no methods have been reported that are able to analyze the proteome of small extracellular vesicles (sEV’s) from such low serum volumes. Here we report a method for the proteomics analysis of sEV's from 50 µl of serum. Two sEV isolation procedures were first compared; precipitation based purification (PPT) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The methodological comparison confirmed that SEC led to purer sEV’s both in terms of size and identified proteins. The procedure was then scaled down and the proteolytic digestion further optimized. The method was then applied to a longitudinal study of serum-sEV proteome changes in a glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) mouse model. Serum was collected at multiple time points, sEV’s isolated and their proteins analyzed. The protocol enabled 274 protein groups to be identified and quantified. The longitudinal analysis revealed 25 deregulated proteins in GBM serum sEV's including proteins previously shown to be associated with GBM progression and metastasis (Myh9, Tln-1, Angpt1, Thbs1).
Radiomic prediction of radiation pneumonitis on pretreatment planning computed tomography images prior to lung cancer stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Hirose Taka-aki , Arimura Hidetaka , Ninomiya Kenta , Yoshitake Tadamasa , Fukunaga Jun-ichi , Shioyama Yoshiyuki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study developed a radiomics-based predictive model for radiation-induced pneumonitis (RP) after lung cancer stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) on pretreatment planning computed tomography (CT) images. For the RP prediction models, 275 non-small-cell lung cancer patients consisted of 245 training (22 with grade ≥ 2 RP) and 30 test cases (8 with grade ≥ 2 RP) were selected. A total of 486 radiomic features were calculated to quantify the RP texture patterns reflecting radiation-induced tissue reaction within lung volumes irradiated with more than x Gy, which were defined as LVx. Ten subsets consisting of all 22 RP cases and 22 or 23 randomly selected non-RP cases were created from the imbalanced dataset of 245 training patients. For each subset, signatures were constructed, and predictive models were built using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression. An ensemble averaging model was built by averaging the RP probabilities of the 10 models. The best model areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) calculated on the training and test cohort for LV5 were 0.871 and 0.756, respectively. The radiomic features calculated on pretreatment planning CT images could be predictive imaging biomarkers for RP after lung cancer SBRT.
Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes atrial arrhythmias by inducing acute intercalated disk remodeling
Authors: Mezache Louisa , Struckman Heather L. , Greer-Short Amara , Baine Stephen , Györke Sándor , Radwański Przemysław B. , Hund Thomas J. , Veeraraghavan Rengasayee 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and is associated with inflammation. AF patients have elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines known to promote vascular leak, such as vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF). However, the contribution of vascular leak and consequent cardiac edema to the genesis of atrial arrhythmias remains unknown. Previous work suggests that interstitial edema in the heart can acutely promote ventricular arrhythmias by disrupting ventricular myocyte intercalated disk (ID) nanodomains rich in cardiac sodium channels (NaV1.5) and slowing cardiac conduction. Interestingly, similar disruption of ID nanodomains has been identified in atrial samples from AF patients. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that VEGF-induced vascular leak can acutely increase atrial arrhythmia susceptibility by disrupting ID nanodomains and slowing atrial conduction. Treatment of murine hearts with VEGF (30–60 min, at clinically relevant levels) prolonged the electrocardiographic P wave and increased susceptibility to burst pacing-induced atrial arrhythmias. Optical voltage mapping revealed slower atrial conduction following VEGF treatment (10 ± 0.4 cm/s vs. 21 ± 1 cm/s at baseline, p < 0.05). Transmission electron microscopy revealed increased intermembrane spacing at ID sites adjacent to gap junctions (GJs; 64 ± 9 nm versus 17 ± 1 nm in controls, p < 0.05), as well as sites next to mechanical junctions (MJs; 63 ± 4 nm versus 27 ± 2 nm in controls, p < 0.05) in VEGF–treated hearts relative to controls. Importantly, super-resolution microscopy and quantitative image analysis revealed reorganization of NaV1.5 away from dense clusters localized near GJs and MJs to a more diffuse distribution throughout the ID. Taken together, these data suggest that VEGF can acutely predispose otherwise normal hearts to atrial arrhythmias by dynamically disrupting NaV1.5-rich ID nanodomains and slowing atrial conduction. These data highlight inflammation-induced vascular leak as a potential factor in the development and progression of AF.
Mapping wind erosion hazard with regression-based machine learning algorithms
Authors: Gholami Hamid , Mohammadifar Aliakbar , Bui Dieu Tien , Collins Adrian L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLand susceptibility to wind erosion hazard in Isfahan province, Iran, was mapped by testing 16 advanced regression-based machine learning methods: Robust linear regression (RLR), Cforest, Non-convex penalized quantile regression (NCPQR), Neural network with feature extraction (NNFE), Monotone multi-layer perception neural network (MMLPNN), Ridge regression (RR), Boosting generalized linear model (BGLM), Negative binomial generalized linear model (NBGLM), Boosting generalized additive model (BGAM), Spline generalized additive model (SGAM), Spike and slab regression (SSR), Stochastic gradient boosting (SGB), support vector machine (SVM), Relevance vector machine (RVM) and the Cubist and Adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Thirteen factors controlling wind erosion were mapped, and multicollinearity among these factors was quantified using the tolerance coefficient (TC) and variance inflation factor (VIF). Model performance was assessed by RMSE, MAE, MBE, and a Taylor diagram using both training and validation datasets. The result showed that five models (MMLPNN, SGAM, Cforest, BGAM and SGB) are capable of delivering a high prediction accuracy for land susceptibility to wind erosion hazard. DEM, precipitation, and vegetation (NDVI) are the most critical factors controlling wind erosion in the study area. Overall, regression-based machine learning models are efficient techniques for mapping land susceptibility to wind erosion hazards.
Design of internal dynamics based MMC controller for HVDC transmission
Authors: Yadav Ankit , Singh Sri Niwas , Das Shyama Prasad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCurrently, the modular multilevel converter (MMC) is the most advanced voltage source converter topology. Because the MMC is a converter topology, the most common approach for controller design is considering the conventional converter model to design the controller accordingly. Though this approach ignores the internal dynamics of the MMC, the modular structure enables distribution of the capacitors in six arms of the MMC. However, this distribution leads to a complex internal dynamic that affects the controller operation and cannot be disregarded. In this study, a detailed fundamental and circulating current model of the MMC is developed while considering its internal dynamics. The detailed modelling reveals cross‐ and inter‐couplings. On the basis of the detailed model and analysis of the couplings, three controllers have been proposed. Moreover, the performances of the proposed and conventional controllers have been analysed and compared under steady‐state and active and reactive power changes. The proposed controllers are observed to achieve improved decoupling compared to that achieved by the conventional controller.
BAT99 126: A multiple Wolf-Rayet system in the Large Magellanic Cloud with a massive near-contact binary
Authors: Janssens S. , Shenar T. , Mahy L. , Marchant P. , Sana H. , Bodensteiner J. 
Published: November 2020

Context. BAT99 126 is a multiple system in the Large Magellanic Cloud containing a Wolf-Rayet (WR) star, which has a reported spectroscopic (orbital) period of 25.5 days and a photometric (orbital) period of 1.55 days, and hence is potentially one of the shortest WR binaries known to date. Such short-period binary systems that contain a WR star in low-metallicity environments are prime candidate progenitors of black-hole (BH) mergers.
Aims. By thoroughly analysing the spectroscopic and photometric data, we aim to establish the true multiplicity of BAT99 126, to characterise the orbit(s) of the system, to measure the physical properties of its individual components, and to determine the overall evolutionary status of the system.
Methods. Using newly acquired high resolution spectra taken with the Ultra-violet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph mounted on the Very Large Telescope, we measured radial velocities via cross-correlation and line-profile fitting, and performed a spectral analysis of the individual components using model atmosphere codes. We estimated the age of the system and derived an evolutionary scenario for the 1.55-day system.
Results. BAT99 126 comprises at least four components. The 1.55-day photometric signal originates in an eclipsing binary that consists of two O-type stars of spectral types O4 V and O6.5 V, which are both rapid rotators (300 km s−1 and 230 km s−1, respectively). From the broad emission lines of the WR star, we derived a spectral type WN2.5-3. We further reject the previously reported 25.5-d period for the WR star and find that there is no detectable orbital motion within our uncertainties. The presence of additional narrow Si III and O II lines in the composite spectrum corresponds to a fourth component, a B1 V star. There is clear evidence that the B-type star shows a radial velocity variation; however, the data do not allow for a determination of the orbital parameters. The configurations of the B-type star, the WR star, and possible additional undetected components remain unknown. We derived masses for the O-type components of 36  ±  5 M⊙ and 15  ±  2 M⊙, respectively, and estimated the age of the system to be 4.2 Myr. We find evidence of previous or ongoing mass-transfer between the two O-type components and infer initial masses of 23 M⊙ for the O4 V star and 29 M⊙ for the O6.5 V star. The O+O binary likely went through a phase of conservative mass transfer and is currently a near-contact system.
Conclusion. We show that BAT99 126 is a multiple – quadruple or higher-order – system with a total initial mass of at least 160 M⊙. The 1.55-day O+O binary most likely will not evolve towards a BH+BH merger, but instead will merge before the collapse of the components to BHs.
SMILE – Small Incision Lenticule Extraction
Authors: Steinwender Gernot , Shajari Mehdi , Mayer Wolfgang J. , Kook Daniel , Dirisamer Martin , Kohnen Thomas 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie SMILE (small incision lenticule extraction) zählt zu den Verfahren der refraktiven Lentikel-Extraktion und hat sich im letzten Jahrzehnt zu einem etablierten Bestandteil des modernen refraktivchirurgischen Spektrums entwickelt. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über Patientenselektion, Operationsmethode, mögliche Komplikationen und klinische Ergebnisse dieser Methode.
Netzhautablösung – Teil 2
Authors: Schaub Friederike , Schick Tina 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Behandlung der Netzhautablösung. Hier
wird unterschieden zwischen behandlungsbedürftigen Ablatiovorstufen, die
retinopexiert werden, und der manifesten Netzhautablösung, welche
weiterführender Chirurgie bedarf. Nicht immer bedeutet ein anatomischer Erfolg
zugleich auch einen funktionellen Erfolg. Typische postoperative Komplikationen
und Einflussfaktoren auf das anatomische und funktionelle Ergebnis werden
vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Withania somnifera – ein neues homöopathisches Arzneimittel
Authors: Koch Ulrich 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Withania somnifera ist in den traditionellen Medizinsystemen Indiens und Afrikas seit Jahrtausenden als wichtige Arzneipflanze bekannt. Es wird synoptisch über 3 hochqualitative Arzneimittelprüfungen berichtet, die insgesamt Symptome für mehr als 300 Rubriken ergaben, und es werden die wichtigsten Aspekte herausgearbeitet, die eine Anwendung dieser für die Homöopathie neuen Arznei erleichtern sollen.
Evaluation of bowel wall thickness by ultrasound as early diagnostic tool for therapeutic response in Crohn’s disease patients treated with ustekinumab
Authors: Hoffmann Tatjana , Fusco Stefano , Blumenstock Gunnar , Sadik Saman , Malek Nisar P , Froehlich Eckhart 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Ustekinumab was approved for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe CD 2. Development of predictors for selecting patients responding to ustekinumab has to be the next step. US offers a noninvasive method with great sensitivity in detecting CD activity 11.
Aim To evaluate BWT by BS as early diagnostic tool for treatment response in CD patients treated with ustekinumab at week 8.
Methods This is a prospective monocentric study. Twenty-three CD patients had BS at the time of first and second application. BS was performed by one of 2 experienced DEGUM certificated sonographers, with evaluation by both independently and blindly. Primary endpoint was substantial sonographic response defined as decrease of BWT ≥ 1 mm. Secondary endpoint was concordance between sonographic and clinical response, defined as decrease of CDAI ≥ 70 points and sonographic and biochemical response defined as decrease of CRP ≥ 0.5 mg/dl.
Results At week 8, BS detected in 10 of 23 patients a substantial decrease of BWT ≥ 1 mm; in 7, a decrease < 1 mm. Compared to baseline, all 17 patients showed generally improved blood data and 16/17 generally improved clinical data. Of those with a decrease of BWT ≥ 1 mm, we observed a substantial decrease of CDAI ≥ 70 points in 9/10 patients and a substantial decrease of CRP ≥ 0.5 mg/dl in 8/10 patients.
Conclusion Our study suggests that sonographic measurement of BWT can be a helpful parameter for selecting patients responding early to ustekinumab and for providing assistance in terms of further treatment interval at week 8.
Increased risk of ischemic heart disease and diabetes in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Li Zhihui , Qiao Lili , Yun Xiaojing , Du Fangjuan , Xing Shilei , Yang Maowu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Previous studies showed inconsistent results regarding associations between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and diabetes. The present study aimed to make a meta-analysis to assess the risk of IHD and diabetes in IBD.
Methods We searched for articles published before February 2020 in the databases as follows: PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. We computed odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) regarding the association between IBD and risk of IHD or diabetes by using STATA 13.0 software.
Results The present meta-analysis showed that IBD was associated with higher risk of IHD (OR/RR = 1.26, 95 % CI 1.20 to 1.32, I2 = 88.3 %, p < 0.0001). Additionally, both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) were associated with higher risk of IHD (UC: OR/RR = 1.19, 95 % CI 1.13 to 1.26, I2 = 65.6 %, p = 0.001; CD: OR/RR = 1.33, 95 % CI 1.17 to 1.51, I2 = 89.5 %, p < 0.0001). The study showed that IBD was associated with elevated risk of diabetes (OR/RR = 1.26, 95 % CI 1.03 to 1.53, I2 = 92.1 %, I2 = 92.1 %, p < 0.0001). Additionally, both UC and CD were associated with higher risk of diabetes (UC: OR/RR = 1.33, 95 % CI 1.03 to 1.71, I2 = 93.8 %, p < 0.0001; CD: OR/RR = 1.39, 95 % CI 1.10 to 1.76, I2 = 76.7 %, p = 0.002).
Conclusion In conclusion, patients with IBD are at increased risk of IHD and diabetes. Thus, regular monitoring of biomarkers of IHD and blood glucose levels should be considered for the early detection of IHD and diabetes in IBD patients.
Corona Pandemie und finanzielle Stabilität der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung
Authors: Ulrich Volker 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Corona-Pandemie zeigt, dass Deutschland über ein durchaus resilientes Gesundheitssystem verfügt, insbesondere auch im internationalen Vergleich. Die anfallenden coronabedingten Mehrausgaben sollten weitgehend über Steuern finanziert werden. Das erscheint angemessen, da die Mehrausgaben bei den Krankenkassen vielfach GKV-fremde Leistungen betreffen, zum Beispiel Schutzausrüstungen, flächendeckende Tests und später auch Impfungen (zumindest der externalisierende Teil der Impfung). Diese sind aus Steuermitteln zu tragen, da sie Maßnahmen der öffentlichen Daseinsvorsorge darstellen.Der Spielraum für Steuererhöhungen ist allerdings begrenzt, will man nicht nur die Besserverdienenden belasten, wodurch deren Grenzbelastung ansteigen würde, mit negativen Effekten für Wachstum und Beschäftigung. Auch Beitragssatzsteigerungen sind unter dem Aspekt der Lohnnebenkosten nicht das Instrument erster Wahl. Unterm Strich dürften vor allem Steuern, neue Schulden und der Rückgriff auf die Reserven des Gesundheitsfonds stehen. Verschuldung ist wiederum unter Nachhaltigkeitsaspekten nicht unbedenklich, belastet es doch einseitig die kommenden Generationen. Das Dilemma besteht allerdings darin, dass es keinen bequemen Lösungsweg für die langfristige Finanzierung der GKV gibt. Durch die Corona-Pandemie entstehen Kosten, die es zu finanzieren gilt. Allerdings werden ausschließlich einnahmenseitige Maßnahmen, wie radikal auch immer, kaum der Königsweg zur Lösung der Finanzierungsprobleme sein. Hier müssen auch die ausgabenintensiven Gesetze der zurückliegenden und laufenden Legislaturperioden genannt werden. Ohne weitere Anstrengungen zur Begrenzung bzw. zur Anreizverbesserung auf der Ausgabenseite wird eine stabile Lösung kaum gelingen. Dies impliziert auch, dass eine offene Debatte über weitere Vernetzungsmöglichkeiten im Gesundheitswesen, über die Überwindung der Sektorengrenzen, die Förderung der Prävention oder über den Umfang des Leistungskatalogs unausweichlich erscheint.
Wohnsituation von Menschen mit Substanzgebrauchsstörungen im akut-psychiatrischen Behandlungssetting in Berlin – eine querschnittliche Patientenbefragung
Authors: Schreiter Stefanie , Fritz Francesco Domenico , Rössler Wulf , Majić Tomislav , Schouler-Ocak Meryam , Krausz Michael R. , Bermpohl Felix , Gutwinski Stefan 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Untersuchung der Wohnsituation, Nutzung des Versorgungssystems und des Substanzgebrauchs bei Patienten1 mit Substanzgebrauchsstörungen in (teil-)stationärer psychiatrischer Behandlung in der Psychiatrischen Universitätsklinik der Charité im St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus.
Methode Strukturiertes Interview von 540 Patienten.
Ergebnisse Patienten in instabilen Wohnformen wiesen signifikant häufiger eine komorbide psychotische Störung auf und wurden signifikant früher psychiatrisch und suchttherapeutisch behandelt als Patienten in stabiler Wohnform, durchschnittlich bereits vor Beginn der Wohnungslosigkeit.
Schlussfolgerung Wohnungslosigkeit ist bei Menschen mit Suchterkrankungen in psychiatrischer Behandlung mit ungünstigen Verlaufsparametern verbunden, wie frühes Behandlungsalter und komorbide psychotische Störungen. Bei diesen Gruppen sollte daher besondere Berücksichtigung der sozialen Situation erfolgen und eine Zusammenarbeit der verschiedenen Versorgungsbereiche angestrebt werden.