bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute administration of fructans increases the number of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations in healthy volunteers
Authors: Geysen Hannelore , Gielis Eva , Deloose Eveline , Vanuytsel Tim , Tack Jan , Biesiekierski Jessica R. , Pauwels Ans 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionDietary measures are often advised to patients with gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD). Fermentable Oligo‐, Di‐, Mono‐saccharides and Polyols (FODMAPs) induce lower gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. However, their effects on esophageal motility, including transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs), reflux events and GERD symptoms are unknown. We investigated the effect of acute administration of two FODMAPs, fructose, and fructans, on the number of TLESRs, reflux episodes and symptom perception in healthy volunteers (HVs).MaterialsAfter an overnight fast, 20 HVs (10 males; 32.6 ± 2.8 years) underwent a high‐resolution impedance manometry. The number of TLESRs and reflux episodes was quantified during five hours after consumption of a high‐caloric meal (740 kcal) enriched with 40 g of either fructose, fructans or glucose (as placebo). Results were analyzed using mixed models.ResultsThere was a trend for a change in the number of TLESRs between the three conditions (P = .06). Post hoc analysis revealed a trend toward a higher number of TLESRs in the fructan condition compared with placebo (Pcorr = .06). Acute administration of fructose did not influence the number of TLESRs. The total number of reflux events was not affected by either FODMAP condition. Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressures dropped significantly in the first postprandial hour to recover slowly back to baseline values (P < .0001), without any difference in LES pressure between the three conditions.ConclusionIngestion of fructans increased the number of TLESRs slightly compared with placebo. The effect of FODMAPs such as fructans or a low FODMAP diet on reflux parameters in GERD patients remains to be investigated.
‘A most complex marriage arrangement’: recent advances on heterostyly and unresolved questions
Authors: Barrett Spencer C. H. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryHeterostylous genetic polymorphisms provide paradigmatic systems for investigating adaptation and natural selection. Populations are usually comprised of two (distyly) or three (tristyly) mating types, maintained by negative frequency‐dependent selection resulting from disassortative mating. Theory predicts this mating system should result in equal style‐morph ratios (isoplethy) at equilibrium. Here, I review recent advances on heterostyly, focusing on examples challenging stereotypical depictions of the polymorphism and unresolved questions. Comparative analyses indicate multiple origins of heterostyly, often within lineages. Ecological studies demonstrate that structural components of heterostyly are adaptations improving the proficiency of animal‐mediated cross‐pollination and reducing pollen wastage. Both neutral and selective processes cause deviations from isoplethy in heterostylous populations, and, under some ecological and demographic conditions, cause breakdown of the polymorphism, resulting in either the evolution of autogamy and mixed mating, or transitions to alternative outcrossing systems, including dioecy. Earlier ideas on the genetic architecture of the S‐locus supergene governing distyly have recently been overturned by discovery that the dominant S‐haplotype is a hemizygous region absent from the s‐haplotype. Ecological, phylogenetic and molecular genetic data have validated some features of theoretical models on the selection of the polymorphism. Although heterostyly is the best‐understood floral polymorphism in angiosperms, many unanswered questions remain.
Prevalence of healthy and unhealthy food and beverage price promotions and their potential influence on shopper purchasing behaviour: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Bennett Rebecca , Zorbas Christina , Huse Oliver , Peeters Anna , Cameron Adrian J. , Sacks Gary , Backholer Kathryn 
Published: October 2019

SummaryPolicies to restrict unhealthy food and beverage price promotions have been recommended, as part of a broader strategy to reduce obesity, but little evidence underpins such recommendations. We aimed to synthesize the literature on the prevalence of healthy and unhealthy food and beverage price promotions and their potential influence on purchasing behaviour. Eight scientific databases (covering health, business, and marketing) and grey literature were systematically searched using search terms related to “food and beverage price promotions” up until July 2019. Articles were included if they examined prevalence of, and/or consumer response to, food and non‐alcoholic beverage price promotions, from a nutritional perspective. Of the 16 included studies, eight examined the prevalence of price promotions and eight examined the potential influence of price promotions on purchasing behaviour. Seven of the “prevalence” studies found that price promotions were more common for unhealthy foods and beverages. Seven “influence” studies found a greater proportion of price‐promoted purchases were for unhealthy compared with healthy products. Policies that reduce the prevalence and/or influence of price promotions on unhealthy foods and beverages may shift consumer purchasing away from unhealthy foods and beverages. Empirical studies are required to better understand how consumers and industry may respond to such policies.
Bathing suit ichthyosis: Two Burmese siblings and a review of the literature
Authors: Li Wendy , Oberlin Kate E. , Wilson Theodore E. , Haggstrom Anita N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBathing suit ichthyosis (BSI) is a subtype of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) characterized by the development of large platelike scales mainly limited to the trunk. It is caused by temperature sensitive variants in transglutaminase 1, encoded by the gene TGM1. We describe a rare case of intrafamilial variation in phenotypic expressivity in two Burmese siblings with BSI that demonstrates the heterogeneity of the disorder within the same family and even in the same individual across time. We also present a concise review of the genotypic spectrum of BSI from 54 cases reported in the literature as evidence that both environmental and additional genetic factors can significantly alter the clinical phenotype.
Methanogenic and fertilizing potential of aquaculture waste: towards freshwater farms energy self‐sufficiency in the framework of blue growth
Authors: Ndiaye Ndeye Aida , Maiguizo-Diagne Halima , Diadhiou Hamet Diaw , Ndiaye Waly Ndianco , Diedhiou Fulgence , Cournac Laurent , Gaye Mohamed Lamine , Fall Saliou , Brehmer Patrice 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe fisheries sector, particularly aquaculture, is a fundamental source of nutrition for humans, particularly in developing countries. The modern development of fish farming requires energy for production systems. This study investigates the potential of using organic wastes derived from fish fattening to produce on‐farm energy through the process of methanization.Oreochromis niloticusfaeces methanogen potential was determined with (IFF) and without (UIFF) methanizer microbial inoculum. At the end of the manure methanation trials, the resulting digestates were tested as organic fertilizers for agriculture. The tests showed that inoculated fish faeces had faster biogas kinetics production compared with uninoculated fish faeces. In both cases, the produced biogas contained more than 60% methane (CH4) from the second week of incubation, indicating that it was of good quality. Furthermore, the total CH4volume was twice as larger in IFF compared with UIFF. Biofertilizer tests showed no significant differences for most of the growth parameters in onion and tomato when compared to the unfertilized control, except in one case for tomato plants, which significantly increased its aboveground biomass. The results show that fish faeces are good methanogenic substrates conducive to energy recovery that could facilitate farm autonomy; however, valorization of the digestates as biofertilizer still requires extensive agronomic optimization. Based on our results, we estimate that equivalents of energy need of almost ten millions of people could be covered using the aquaculture potential in freshwater fish faeces biogas worldwide or that at least aquaculture farm energy self‐sufficiency could be fostered.
When does open government shut? Predicting government responses to citizen information requests
Authors: Bagozzi Benjamin E. , Berliner Daniel , Almquist Zack W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMethods for the analysis of “big data” on citizen‐government interactions are necessary for theoretical assessments of bureaucratic responsiveness. Such big data methods also stand to benefit practitioners' abilities to monitor and improve these emerging transparency mechanisms. We consider supervised latent Dirichlet allocation (sLDA) as a potential method for these purposes. To this end, we use sLDA to examine the Mexican government's (non)responsiveness to all public information requests filed with the federal Mexican government during the 2003–2015 period, and to identify the request topics most associated with (non)responsiveness. Substantively, our comparisons of the topics that are most highly predictive of responsiveness and nonresponsivess indicate that political sensitivity plays a large and important role in shaping official behavior in this arena. We thus conclude that sLDA provides unique advantages for, and insights into, the analysis of (i) textual records of citizen–government interactions and (ii) bureaucratic (non)responsiveness to these interactions.
Challenges in providing compatible blood with Rh genotype‐matching in Brazilian patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Santos T. D. , Macedo M. D. , Menegati S. F. P. , Gilli S. , Castilho L. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryObjectivesThe aim of this study was to verify the possibility of performing prophylactic Rh genotype‐matching in Brazilian patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and identify the genotypes that are lacking or insufficient in our donor cohort.BackgroundRh alloimmunisation is still a challenge in transfused patients with SCD. Rh genotype‐matching may mitigate Rh alloimmunisation.Methods/MaterialsWe examined the transfusion requests for antigen‐matched donor units in SCD patients with Rh variants and compared the Rh altered alleles in the patients to the Rh allele frequency in a selected donor population. For each patient and donor, RBC antigen genotyping was performed using HEA, RHD and RHCE BeadChip arrays. Sequencing was used to clarify inconclusive results. Twenty‐one patients and 956 Brazilian blood donors were genotyped.ResultsAccording to our matching strategies, 47·6% of patients filled most of their unit requests, but 52·4% of patients had insufficient donors to fill their annual transfusion needs. We found different combinations of RHCE variant alleles in patients and donors, but the most frequent genotypes that are lacking or insufficient in our donor cohort are those associated with the lack of hrB and hrS high prevalence antigens and those co‐inherited with altered RHD alleles.ConclusionOur study shows that the provision of compatible blood with Rh genotype‐matching in Brazilian patients with SCD can be feasible but challenging and, efficient strategies of recruitment of African‐Brazilian donors must be developed.
Relations of sovereignty: The uneven production of transnational plantation territories in Laos
Authors: Kenney‐Lazar Miles 
Published: October 2019

The contemporary emergence of land grabbing across the Global South has been framed by critics as a threat to the national territorial sovereignty of postcolonial societies. Such concerns hinge on conventional notions of sovereignty as an abstract form of power possessed by the state and lost to global forces. However, the transfer of domestic lands into the hands of foreign investors is complicated by the contested and relational nature of authority in resource frontier spaces. Critical scholarship has shown that sovereignty in practice – the production of control and authority within spatial fields – is dynamic, contested, and variegated. It has further staked out an ontology of sovereignty as relational, although not explicitly stated in such terms. This paper employs the insights of relational geography to advance theorisation of sovereignty’s relationality: the contested and consensual relations among heterogeneous actors that produce and transform authority in complex and variegated spaces. I demonstrate the value of this approach by examining Vietnamese and Chinese industrial tree plantation companies’ differential access to land in Southern Laos, based on 20 months of ethnographic fieldwork. Each company differed in their access to land granted to them by the central Lao government due to the types of socio‐political relations that they developed at various administrative scales of the Lao state. Such relations shaped their co‐production of sovereignty driven by logics of centralised state territorialisation and capital accumulation. When such state–capital relations broke down, opportunities emerged for resistance by peasants who shifted relations of sovereignty toward their own interests.
Probable transfusion transmission of West Nile virus from an apheresis platelet that screened non‐reactive by individual donor‐nucleic acid testing
Authors: Hayes Chelsea , Stephens Laura , Fridey Joy L. , Snyder Robert E. , Groves Jamel A. , Stramer Susan L. , Klapper Ellen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDDespite West Nile virus (WNV) blood donation screening using nucleic acid testing (NAT), donors with low viral loads not detected by mini‐pool‐NAT have led to transfusion transmitted (TT)‐WNV infection. We describe a probable case of fatal TT‐WNV infection from an individual donor (ID)‐NAT non‐reactive apheresis platelet donation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSAn apheresis platelet donation was WNV ID‐NAT reactive and prior donations from the same donor were investigated. A WNV ID‐NAT non‐reactive apheresis platelet unit collected 26 days earlier was transfused during heart transplantation to a patient who subsequently developed WNV neuroinvasive disease and expired. The source of the recipient's WNV infection was investigated.RESULTSTwenty‐six days after collection of the suspect platelet unit, a donation from the same donor was WNV ID‐NAT reactive and WNV IgM and IgG positive. In addition to the suspect platelet unit, the heart transplant recipient who developed WNV infection received 17 blood components from 24 donors. Serologic testing performed on 11 of the remaining 24 donors (46%) was WNV IgM negative. Pre‐transplant recipient and heart donor samples tested WNV RNA and IgM negative.CONCLUSIONA probable case of fatal neuroinvasive TT‐WNV was linked to an infectious apheresis platelet unit undetected by WNV ID‐NAT. It is hypothesized that the suspect unit was collected early in the viremic period when viral RNA was below the limit‐of‐detection of the ID‐NAT assay. Implementation of ID‐NAT screening of blood donors has not entirely eliminated the risk of TT‐WNV infections, which may best be addressed by pathogen inactivation technologies.
Is there an association between vitamin D and diabetic foot disease? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yammine Kaissar , Hayek Fady , Assi Chahine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that Vitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency is associated with diabetes and with diabetic neuropathy. Some reports stated that vitamin D deficiency is also associated with diabetic foot ulcer and/or infection. Knowing the beneficial effect of vitamin D on wound healing, a quantitative evidence synthesis is needed to look for such association. Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched for from inception. The outcomes were set to be either the serum 25(OH)D level or the prevalence of patients with 25(OH)D with severe deficiency. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria with 1,644 patients; 817 diabetic patients with foot ulcers and 827 patients having diabetes without foot complications. The weighted mean differences was −0.93 (95% CI = −1.684 to −0.174, I2 = 97.8%, p = 0.01). The odds ratio of having severe vitamin D deficiency was 3.6 (95% CI = 2.940 to 4.415, I2 = 40.9%, p < 0.0001), in favor of the foot group. The quality of the included studies was found to be good to excellent. Diabetic foot complications are associated with significantly lower levels of vitamin D. Patients with diabetic ulcers or diabetic infection are at higher risk of bearing severe vitamin D deficiency. Knowing the beneficial effect of vitamin D on wound healing, it is likely that recognizing and supplementing with vitamin D could prevent or improve the outcomes of diabetic foot complications.
Functional Results and Outcomes After Repair of Partial Proximal Hamstring Avulsions at Midterm Follow-up
Authors: Arner Justin W. , Freiman Halle , Mauro Craig S. , Bradley James P. 
Published: October 2019

Background: Partial avulsions of the proximal hamstring origin remain a challenging problem with nonoperative treatments frequently providing limited success. The literature is limited regarding the outcomes of operative management in the active and athletic population. Hypothesis: Surgical fixation of proximal hamstring ruptures will have favorable outcomes at midterm follow-up. Study design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 64 patients with partial avulsions of the proximal hamstring origin treated with surgical fixation by a single surgeon were reviewed at a 2-year minimum follow-up. All patients had initially undergone failed nonoperative treatment. Patient-reported outcome scores on the Lower Extremity Functional Score (LEFS), Marx Activity Rating Scale, custom LEFS and Marx scales, and total proximal hamstring score were evaluated. Data on patient-perceived strength, return to sport, and satisfaction were also collected. Results: The cohort included 27 male and 37 female (N = 64) patients with a mean age of 47.3 years (range, 16-65 years), and all were reviewed at a mean 6.5-year (range, 2-12.5 years) follow-up. The average postoperative LEFS was 96% (range, 68%-100%), with the custom LEFS being 90% (range, 39%-100%). The mean Marx score was 12.4 (range, 4-16). The Marx custom score demonstrated no disability with activities of daily living. The mean total proximal hamstring score was 94% (range, 69%-100%). No differences in any outcome measures were seen when comparing acute versus chronic repairs. Three patients underwent further hamstring surgery. No patients reported symptoms of numbness in the operative extremity at rest, while 3 patients had a superficial stitch abscess treated with antibiotics alone. The most commonly reported difficulty was with prolonged sitting. Ninety-seven percent were satisfied with surgery, 92% reported they could participate in strenuous activity, and 97% estimated their strength to be >75%, while 64% estimated it to be 100% of their contralateral side. Patients returned to sport at an average of 11.1 months, and all that returned were satisfied with their performance. Conclusion: Both early and delayed anatomic surgical repair of partial proximal hamstring avulsions leads to successful functional outcomes, a high rate of return to athletic activity, and low complication rates at the 6.5-year follow-up. Nonoperative treatments should first be attempted.
Direct anterior approach versus posterior approach in primary total hip replacement: comparison of minimum 2-year outcomes
Authors: Maldonado David R , Kyin Cynthia , Walker-Santiago Rafael , Rosinsky Philip J , Shapira Jacob , Lall Ajay C , Domb Benjamin G 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: The direct anterior approach (DAA) has gained popularity in recent years for total hip arthroplasty (THA). Several authors reported significantly better early outcomes when compared to the posterior approach (PA). Nevertheless, controversy exists regarding longer-term benefits of the DAA. Methods: Data was prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed for primary THAs conducted between July 2008 and July 2016. Patients who underwent DAA and PA with minimum 2-year follow-up for Harris Hip Score (HHS), Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12), Veteran RAND 12 Mental (VR-12 Mental), Veteran RAND 12 Physical (VR-12 Physical), 12-Item Short Form Survey Mental (SF-12 Mental), 12-Item Short Form Survey Physical (SF-12 Physical), visual analogue scale, and patient satisfaction were included. Propensity score matching was performed on the DAA and PA cohorts (1:1) based on the following variables: age, sex, body mass index, and laterality. Results: 205 DAA hips were satisfactorily matched to 205 PA hips. The DAA group had higher scores at final follow-up for VR-12 Mental ( p = 0.0145), VR-12 Physical ( p = 0.0236), SF-12 Mental ( p = 0.0393), and SF-12 Physical ( p = 0.0391). The DAA and PA groups had comparable HHS ( p = 0.0737) and FJS-12 ( p = 0.2900). Conclusions: Although the DAA and PA groups had different follow-up periods, both the DAA and PA groups reported favourable outcomes at minimum 2-year follow-up. While both groups achieved comparable scores for the majority of PROs including VAS and patient satisfaction, the DAA group achieved superior quality of life outcomes when compared with a propensity score matched group of PA surgeries.
WhatsApp guidelines – what guidelines? A literature review
Authors: Mars Maurice , Morris Christopher , Scott Richard E 
Published: October 2019

Introduction Instant messaging (IM) is pervasive in modern society, including healthcare. WhatsApp, the most cited IM application in healthcare, is used to share sensitive patient information between clinicians. Its use raises legal, regulatory and ethical concerns. Are there guidelines for the clinical use of WhatsApp? Can generic guidelines be developed for the use of IM, for one-to-one and one-to-many healthcare professional communication using WhatsApp as an example? Aim We aimed to investigate if there are guidelines for using WhatsApp in clinical practice. Method Nine electronic databases were searched in January 2019 for articles on WhatsApp in clinical service. Inclusion criteria: paper was in English, reported on WhatsApp use or potential use in clinical practice, addressed legal, regulatory or ethical issues and presented some form of guideline or guidance for WhatsApp use. Results In total, 590 unique articles were found and 167 titles and abstracts met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-one articles identified the need for general guidelines. Twelve articles provided some form of guidance for using WhatsApp. Issues addressed were confidentiality, identification and privacy (eight articles), security (seven), record keeping (four) and storage (three). Mandatory national guidelines for the use of IM for patient-sensitive information do not appear to exist, only advisories that counsel against its use. Conclusion The literature showed clinicians use IM because of its simplicity, timeliness and cost effectiveness. No suitable guidelines exist. Generic guidelines are required for the use of IM for healthcare delivery which can be adapted to local circumstance and messaging service used.