bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constellation and Mapping Optimization of APSK Modulations used in DVB-S2
Authors: Jordanova L. , Laskov L. , Dobrev D. 
Published: November 2020

This article represents the algorithms of APSK constellation and mapping optimization. The dependencies of the symbol error probability Ps on the parameters of the 16APSK and 32APSK constellations are examined and several options that satisfy the requirements to the minimum value of Ps are selected. Mapping optimization is carried out for the selected APSK constellations. BER characteristics of the satellite DVB-S2 channels are represented when using optimized and standard 16APSK and 32APSK constellations and a comparative analysis of the results achieved is made.
High-level Synthesis Integrated Verification
Authors: Dossis M. 
Published: November 2020

It is widely known in the engineering community that more than 60% of the IC design project time is spent on verification. For the very complex contemporary chips, this may prove prohibitive for the IC to arrive at the correct time in the market and therefore, valuable sales share may be lost by the developing industry. This problem is deteriorated by the fact that most of conventional verification flows are highly repetitive and a great proportion of the project time is spent on last-moment simulations. In this paper we present an integrated approach to rapid, high-level verification, exploiting the advantages of a formal High-level Synthesis tool, developed by the author. Verification in this work is supported at 3 levels: high-level program code, RTL simulation and rapid, generated C testbench execution. This paper is supported by strong experimental work with 3-4 popular design synthesis and verification that proves the principles of our methodology.
Quantifying sources of Brazil's CH4 emissions between 2010 and 2018 from satellite data
Authors: Tunnicliffe Rachel L. , Ganesan Anita L. , Parker Robert J. , Boesch Hartmut , Gedney Nicola , Poulter Benjamin , Zhang Zhen , Lavrič Jošt V. , Walter David , Rigby Matthew , Henne Stephan , Young Dickon , O'Doherty Simon 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Brazil's CH4 emissions over the period 2010–2018 were derived for the three main sectors of activity: anthropogenic, wetland and biomass burning. Our inverse modelling estimates were derived from GOSAT (Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite) satellite measurements of XCH4 combined with surface data from Ragged Point, Barbados, and the high-resolution regional atmospheric transport model NAME (Numerical Atmospheric-dispersion Modelling Environment). We find that Brazil's mean emissions over 2010–2018 are 33.6±3.6Tgyr-1, which are comprised of 19.0±2.6Tgyr-1 from anthropogenic (primarily related to agriculture and waste), 13.0±1.9Tgyr-1 from wetlands and 1.7±0.3Tgyr-1 from biomass burning sources. In addition, between the 2011–2013 and 2014–2018 periods, Brazil's mean emissions rose by 6.9±5.3Tgyr-1 and this increase may have contributed to the accelerated global methane growth rate observed during the latter period. We find that wetland emissions from the western Amazon increased during the start of the 2015–2016 El Niño by 3.7±2.7Tgyr-1 and this is likely driven by increased surface temperatures. We also find that our estimates of anthropogenic emissions are consistent with those reported by Brazil to the United Framework Convention on Climate Change. We show that satellite data are beneficial for constraining national-scale CH4 emissions, and, through a series of sensitivity studies and validation experiments using data not assimilated in the inversion, we demonstrate that (a) calibrated ground-based data are important to include alongside satellite data in a regional inversion and that (b) inversions must account for any offsets between the two data streams and their representations by models.
Adoption of Green IT in the university environment: systematic review of sustainability practices in educational institutions
Authors: Rosa Marcos Roque da 
Published: November 2020

Introdução: as universidades estão preocupadas e cientes das mudanças climáticas e questões de sustentabilidade em Tecnologia da Informação (TI). TI Verde é a prática de projetar, fabricar, usar e descartar computadores, servidores e equipamentos associados com o mínimo ou nenhum impacto no meio ambiente. Objetivo: o objetivo deste artigo é examinar a implementação de casos de estudo de TI Verde no ambiente universitário a partir das práticas e resultados relatados em artigos científicos para ter um melhor entendimento de como as universidades estão lidando com estes. problemas. Metodologia: para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática e definido um protocolo de pesquisa com base nas publicações científicas nas bases de dados de periódicos ACM, IEEE e Scopus nos últimos dez anos. O processo foi realizado em duas etapas de compreensão da busca nas bases de dados de periódicos e da análise sistemática dos artigos escolhidos relacionados ao tema da pesquisa. Resultados: foram identificados nove artigos da África, América, Ásia, Europa e Oceania, que relataram a prática de aplicação de TI Verde em universidades. Por meio dos casos estudados, discute-se como iniciar um projeto, tecnologias e dificuldades e benefícios da implementação dos mesmos. Conclusões: este estudo apresenta uma visão geral de algumas práticas de sustentabilidade em TI, que ajudam a compreender o universo da TI Verde aplicada às universidades. A pesquisa se limita à análise documental qualitativa de artigos científicos.
The seismic design of an industrial chimney with rocking base
Authors: Sharpe R. D. , Skinner R. I. 
Published: November 2020

An industrial reinforced concrete chimney, of cruciform cross-section and thirty-five metres tall, has been designed and built with the high degree of seismic protection afforded by allowing the base to rock during large earthquakes. As a precaution a pair of purpose-made yielding steel dampers have been installed to assist in the control of the most violent response that might occur.
This paper discusses the advantages in the adoption of this revolutionary design and describes the hand dynamic analysis carried out during the design process. Subsequent time-history computer analysis carried out to confirm the design method is reported on.
KROOST-blog: Kind van de rekening
Authors: Mesman J. 
Published: November 2020

KROOST-blog: Kind van de rekening
Kind: Recht, Onderwijs, en Opvoeding voor de Samenleving van nu en de Toekomst (KROOST) beoogt actuele kwesties rond kinderrechten, onderwijs en opvoeding te belichten vanuit het perspectief van de samenleving en voorzien van inzichten uit de wetenschap. De blogs zijn gepubliceerd in het kader van het dertigjarig bestaan van het VN-Kinderrechtenverdrag en zijn alle dertig te vinden op https://leidenpedagogiekblog.nl/. De komende tijd wordt een aantal van de blogs in dit Tijdschrift voor Jeugdrecht gepubliceerd.
Caring for our colleagues: Wellness and support strategies for remote library teams
Authors: Hudson-Vitale Cynthia , Waltz Rebecca Miller 
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed many challenges for academic and research libraries and those working within them. Nearly everything that we do has been questioned and re-envisioned, and our days are filled with new work, uncertainty, and isolation. Because of this, one of the areas that library leaders must invest in re-envisioning is how we can best support the well-being and morale of our library colleagues. This article identifies and discusses simple, informal, practical, and easy strategies that library leaders can use to support the physical, emotional, spiritual, professional, social, and mental well-being of their teams in remote and hybrid working environment.
Pattern of Viteoretinal Diseases in Patients of Kangra Valley
Authors: Parashar Aditi , Tuli Rajeev , Sharma Rattan K. , Sharma Mukta , Gupta Shalu 
Published: November 2020

Background:
This study may be the foundation pillar for future planning and need for set up of vitreoretinal care services in Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra at Tanda, India.

Aims and Objectives:
To determine the pattern of vitreoretinal diseases in patients attending the retina clinic of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Tanda, India.

Materials and Methods :
A retrospective analysis of the patients attending the retina clinic over a period of one year 2015 to 2016 was carried out from the out patient register. The patients with a very hazy media and posterior uveitis were excluded from the study.

Statistical Analysis:
The significance was determined using percentage.

Results :
In our study out of 424 cases, 237 (55.96%) were males and 187 (44.10%) were females. In our first age group less than equal to 40 years, out of 122 patients there were 72 males (59.01%) and 50 (40.98%) females and diabetic retinopathy was the commonest disorder in them followed by retinal detachment. In the second age group more than 40 years there were 302 patients including, 165 (54.63%) males and 137 (45.36%) females. Age related macular degeneration (ARMD) was the commonest disorder in them followed by diabetic retinopathy.

Conclusion:
With increase in age there in increase in number of retinal disorders. Out of the total diseases Diabetic retinopathy was the commonest retinal disorder (27.59%) and there was a male preponderance to it. The second most common retinal disorder was ARMD (20.04%), followed by retinal detachment (11.55%).
Measurement of Orbital Dimensions (Orbital Height, Breadth and Length of Superior Orbital Fissure) using Dry Skull's
Authors: Shukla Aakanksha , Bokariya Pradeep , Kothari Ruchi , Singh Smita 
Published: November 2020

Introduction
Anthropometry is the scientific study of the measurements and proportions of the human body. Anthropometric studies are an integral part of craniofacial surgery and syndromology. Each orbital cavity is essentially intended as a socket for the eyeball. Assessment of orbital dimensions is important for knowing the anatomy of orbital structures and surgical management of orbital pathologies.

Aim
To estimate the orbital index and length of superior orbital fissure using dry skulls.

Methods
The study was conducted in the Anatomy department after ethics clearance. Forty dried skulls were utilised for study. The measurements for the dimensions of the orbital cavities were taken directly using a digital Vernier Calliper calibrated in millimetres except inter distance between lateral walls which was estimated by spreading calliper. The parameters investigated in our study were Orbital height, Orbital breadth, Length of superior Orbital fissure, Inter-distance between medial wall and Inter - distance between lateral walls of Orbit. Orbital index was calculated using formula: OI = orbital height/orbital breadth×100.

Result:
Mean orbital height of right orbit of the dry skulls was 31.94±2.91mm and Left orbit was 31.85±3.34mm. Mean Orbital breadth of right orbit was 39.6±1.88mm and Left orbit was 39.91±2.65mm. The mean inter-distance between medial walls of orbits was 21.62±1.08mm. The mean inter-distance between lateral walls of orbits was 94.28±4.45mm. Mean length of right superior orbital fissure of the dry skulls was 1.39±0.21cm and Left orbital fissure was 1.4 ±0.24cm. The mean Orbital index of Right orbit was 80.9 and Left Orbit was 80.2. Paired t test demonstrated no significant statistical difference between the right and left orbits (p>0.05).

Conclusion:
Normative Data for Indian skulls was reported. No significant difference was reported in the right and left orbits.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Emergency Management of Ocular Chemical Injury Among Primary Responders
Authors: Harakuni Umesh U. , Kumar Nilesh , Niharika  
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Chemical injuries are considered as one of the true ocular emergencies where timely management can save vision and years of visual rehabilitation. Thus, knowledge of the injury and its management is very important for medical professionals as well as the general population.

Aim:
This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of respondents from across the population about ocular chemical injuries.

Settings and Design:
A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted over 1 month in a tertiary care hospital in Northern Karnataka.

Methods and Material:
60 respondents were divided into 2 groups. Respondents with various levels of medical training such as residents, casualty medical officers, and paramedical staff formed group 1, while group 2 constituted of site supervisors from workplace and family members of patients. Respondents were asked to answer a pre-formed multiple-choice questionnaire and the responses were noted and tabulated into an MS-Excel spreadsheet and were expressed in terms of percentage.

Results:
Knowledge about the etiological agents was better in group 1, while both groups had a similar attitude towards the signs and symptoms of injury and the practice pattern of emergency management was better in group 1.

Conclusions:
While better knowledge and practice of emergency management was shown by group 1, the attitude towards the signs and symptoms was similar in both groups. Variability among the group 1 respondents indicate a need for the formation of standard guidelines for the institutions dealing with ocular chemical injuries.
Attitudes and Practices of Pharmacists and Physicians towards Bush Medicine in Guyana
Authors: Tyrell Ede , Jeeboo Karishma , Carter Jewel Edmonson- , Thomas Troy , Kurup Rajini 
Published: November 2020

Aims: To examine the attitudes and practices of physicians and pharmacists towards bush medicine, and explore the factors influencing their attitudes. Also, to determine whether a video educational intervention impacted attitudes.
Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study of registered physicians and pharmacists.
Place and Duration of Study: A total of 274 persons participated: 134 pharmacists attending their first Continuing Pharmacy Education (CPE) of 2015 and 140 physicians attending their annual Medical Scientific Conference.
Methodology: A pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was distributed and collected, a video intervention was shown, and a post-intervention questionnaire was administered. Data were analysed using latent class cluster analysis, and the best-fitting model was determined using mainly the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Logistic and multinomial regression and Fisher's exact test were also employed to investigate associations with demographic variables and the impact of the intervention.
Results: Most of the participants (56.4%) were 20-30 years old, and the majority (52%) had five years or less professional experience. Pharmacists displayed a more positive attitude to bush medicine than physicians. Most (99%) believed that patients should inform their physician/pharmacist about their bush medicine use, but only 53% routinely requested this information. More than half (52%) had personally used bush medicine, but only 38% had ever recommended its use. More than 90% believed that clinical trials should be conducted with bush medicine before it is used, and 88% were interested in further training. Ethnicity, years of professional experience and type of profession influenced attitudes and the intervention led to an improved outlook regarding bush medicine.
Conclusion: Overall, most participants had some misgivings about bush medicine but were willing to learn more and were interested in clinical trials. Evidence-based clinical research and training at the tertiary level or future continuing education sessions should be implemented using the content in the video as a template.
Evaluation of the Ameliorative Effects of Spirulina in PropylthiouracilInduced Hyperlipidaemia, Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Rats
Authors: Ragheb Eman M. , Aljehany Buthaina M. 
Published: November 2020

Background: Propylthiouracil (PTU) is a drug widely used in the management of hyperthyroidism. The drug was observed to cause hepatitis and fulminant liver failure.Spirulinais documented to exhibit several therapeutic effectsincluding hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and antioxidant activities.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the nutritional value of Spirulina,and to examine its ameliorative effects against PTU-induced hypothyroidism associated with hyperlipidemia, liver, and kidney toxicity in rats.
Materials and Methods: This experiment was carried out on 50 rats (5 groups, n = 10). Hypothyroidism was induced in 40 ratsvia injecting 10 mg/kg/day PTUfor 6 weeks.
Results: The results of this study showed that Spirulina contains 57.30 % of its dry weight proteins while it contains only 8.2% of its dry weight fats. It contains several minerals and vitamins (E and β-carotene).Spirulina increases the final body weight, food intake, and body weight gain % values compared to PTU rats. The Alga increased FT3 and FT4 levels, while decrease TSH level compared to PTU rats. Spirulina significantly decreased serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP) and serum kidney function markers (creatinine and urea) compared to PTU rats. Besides, it reduced serum lipid profile markers (TC, TG, and LDL-C) and increased HDL-C. The Alga reduced the lipid peroxidation product and increased glutathione peroxidase concentrations.
Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the protective role of Spirulina versus PTU associated hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia, hepatic, and nephrotoxicity. The antioxidant impact of Spirulina may elucidate its defensive effect against various PTU toxicities.
Screening of preservatives and evaluation of sterilized cellulose nanofibers for toxicity studies
Authors: Sai Takafumi , Maru Junko , Obara Sawae , Endoh Shigehisa , Kajihara Hideo , Fujita Katsuhide 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study is to establish a sterilization method for cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) dispersions that uses multiple preservatives with different hydrophilicities without affecting the physical and chemical properties of CNFs, and to provide useful information for sample preparation in future toxicity study of CNFs.

Methods
Various preservatives were added to the phosphorylated CNF dispersions, endotoxin level and the numbers of bacteria and fungi in the CNF dispersion were analyzed. The pH values and viscosity of sterilized CNF dispersions were compared with those of control and autoclaved CNF dispersions.

Results
Phosphorylated CNF dispersions at a concentration of 2.0 mg/mL or lower and the addition of 10 µg/mL benzalkonium chloride alone or 250 µg/mL methyl parahydroxybenzoate and 250 µg/mL propyl parahydroxybenzoate in combination can sterilize CNF dispersions without changing the physical and chemical properties of CNFs.

Conclusions
We developed sterilization method for CNF dispersions that uses multiple preservatives with different hydrophilicities without affecting the physical and chemical properties of CNFs. This sterilization method for CNFs dispersions can be applied to the safety assessment of CNF with different physicochemical properties in the future.
The North American Helpline initiative in Bangladesh for garment workers
Authors: Alamgir Hasnat 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Introduction
After a series of garment factory disasters that had taken place in Bangladesh, the Alliance for Bangladesh Worker Safety (Alliance) was formed by 29 large North American retail companies to improve worker safety in Bangladesh- the second largest ready-made garments producing country in the world.

Aims
This report focuses on Alliance’s Worker Empowerment initiative—Worker Helpline and examines the types, contents and volume of calls received by it.

Methods
All published reports of Alliance that are available online were retrieved. Data from each quarter (Q) in 2017, 2018, and 2019 were extracted in terms of (1) Total calls (2) Substantive calls, and (3) Safety calls (Urgent and Non-urgent).

Results
By 2019, Q3 Helpline covered 1.5 million workers in 1091 factories. In Q1 2017, there was 1 call made per 73 workers and 20 calls made per a factory whereas in Q3 2019 there was 1 call per 171 workers and 8 calls coming from a factory. In terms of safety calls, there was 0.59 calls/factory in Q1 2017 but went down to 0.17 calls/factory in Q3 2019. Helpline in 2019 Q3 received 1283 substantive calls; of that 189 were safety calls which included 18 urgent and 171 non-urgent calls. In Q1 of 2017, 32% factories did not make any calls and in Q3 2019, 62% of factories did not make any calls at all.

Conclusions
The worker empowerment initiative- Helpline-in Bangladesh initiated by the North American companies remained underutilized.
Addressing selective attrition in the enhanced response time‐based concealed information test: A within‐subject replication
Authors: Lukács Gáspár 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe response time‐based concealed information test can reveal when a person recognizes a relevant item among other, irrelevant items, based on comparatively slower responding. Thereby, if a person is concealing the knowledge about the relevance of this item (e.g., recognizing it as a murder weapon), this deception can be revealed. A recent study, conducted online and using a between‐subject design, introduced a significantly enhanced version by including additional items in the task. While this modified version outperformed the original version, it also resulted in a much higher rate of participant dropouts (i.e., participants leaving the experiment's website without completing the task). The grave implication is that the perceived enhancement is perhaps merely due to selective attrition. Therefore, the current experiment replicates the original one, but using a within‐subject design. The results show that there is a large enhancement even when selective attrition is prevented.
Controllable Assembly of Upconversion Nanoparticles Enhanced Tumor Cell Penetration and Killing Efficiency
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Rahmat Juwita Norasmara , Mahendran Ratha , Zhang Yong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe use of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) for treating deep‐seated cancers and large tumors has recently been gaining momentum. Conventional approaches for loading photosensitizers (PS) to UCNPs using noncovalent physical adsorption and covalent conjugation had been previously described. However, these methods are time‐consuming and require extra modification steps. Incorporating PS loading during the controlled UCNPs assembly process is seldom reported. In this study, an amphiphilic copolymer, poly(styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride), is used to instruct UCNPs assembly formations into well‐controlled UCNPs clusters of various sizes, and the gap zones formed between individual UCNPs can be used to encapsulate PS. This nanostructure production process results in a considerably simpler and reliable method to load PS and other compounds. Also, after considering factors such as PS loading quantity, penetration in 3D bladder tumor organoids, and singlet oxygen production, the small UCNPs clusters displayed superior cell killing efficacy compared to single and big sized clusters. Therefore, these UCNPs clusters with different sizes could facilitate a clear and deep understanding of nanoparticle‐based delivery platform systems for cell killing and may pave a new way for other fields of UCNPs based applications.