bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual dimorphism in behavior, neuropathology, and biomarkers in a tau P301S mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Sun Yao , Guo Yongqing , Feng Xuejian , Jia Meng , Ai Ning , Dong Yue , Zheng Yayuan , Fu Lu , Yu Bin , Zhang Haihong , Wu Jiaxin , Yu Xianghui , Wu Hui , Kong Wei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Tau hyper-phosphorylation has been considered a major contributor to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related tauopathies, and has gained prominence in therapeutic development for AD. To elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms underlying AD and evaluate therapeutic approaches targeting tau, numerous transgenic mouse models that recapitulate critical AD-like pathology have been developed. Tau P301S transgenic mice is one of the most widely used mouse models in AD research. Extensive studies have demonstrated that sex significantly influences AD pathology, behavioral status and therapeutic outcomes, suggesting that studies using mouse models of AD must consider sex- and age-related differences in neuropathology, behavior, and plasma content. Method: We systematically investigated differences in tau P301S transgenic mice (PS19 line) and wildtype littermates of different sex behavioral performance, tau neuropathology and biomarkers in plasma and brain. Results: Male P301S transgenic mice exhibited significant changes in weight loss, survival rate, clasping, kyphosis, composite phenotype assessment, nest building performance, tau phosphorylation at Ser202/Thr205 and astrocyte activation compared to that of wild type littermates. In contrast, female P301S transgenic mice were only sensitive in the Morris Water Maze and open field test. In addition, we characterized the upregulation of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-5, and IL-6 and the absense of macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-3α. Male P301S transgenic mice expressed more plasma biomarkers than those of female P301S mice. Conclusion: Our findings highlight sexual dimorphism in the behavior, neuropathology, and biomarkers in tau P301S transgenic AD mice, indicating that the use of male P301S transgenic mice may be more suitable for assessing anti-phosphorylated tau therapeutic strategies for AD and related tauopathies.
Views of health care professionals and policy-makers on the use of surveillance data to combat antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Al-Haboubi Mustafa , Trathen Andrew , Black Nick , Eastmure Elizabeth , Mays Nicholas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Providing healthcare professionals with health surveillance data aims to support professional and organisational behaviour change. The UK Five Year Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Strategy 2013 to 2018 identified better access to and use of surveillance data as a key component. Our aim was to determine the extent to which data on antimicrobial use and resistance met the needs of health care professionals and policy-makers at national, regional and local levels, and how provision could be improved. Methods We conducted 41 semi-structured interviews with national policy makers in the four Devolved Administrations and 71 interviews with health care professionals in six locations across the United Kingdom selected to achieve maximum variation in terms of population and health system characteristics. Transcripts were analysed thematically using a mix of a priori reasoning guided by the main topics in the interview guide together with themes emerging inductively from the data. Views were considered at three levels - primary care, secondary care and national - and in terms of availability of data, current uses, benefits, gaps and potential improvements. Results Respondents described a range of uses for prescribing and resistance data. The principal gaps identified were prescribing in private practice, internet prescribing and secondary care (where hospitals did not have electronic prescribing systems). Some respondents under-estimated the range of data available. There was a perception that the responsibility for collecting and analysing data often rests with a few individuals who may lack sufficient time and appropriate skills. Conclusions There is a need to raise awareness of data availability and the potential value of these data, and to ensure that data systems are more accessible. Any skills gap at local level in how to process and use data needs to be addressed. This requires an identification of the best methods to improve support and education relating to AMR data systems.
Lifetime Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure and Dna Methylation In Blood Leukocytes: The Norwegian Women And Cancer Study
Authors: Page Christian M , Djordjilović Vera , Nøst Therese H , Ghiasvand Reza , Sandanger Torkjel M , Frigessi Arnoldo , Thoresen Magne , Veierød Marit B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is a leading cause of skin cancers and an ubiquitous environmental exposure. However, the molecular mechanisms relating UVR exposure to melanoma is not fully understood. We aimed to investigate if lifetime UVR exposure influences DNA methylation, and if individual CpG sites could be robustly associated with UVR exposures.Methods We assessed DNA methylation in whole blood in three data sets (N = 183, 191, and 125) from the Norwegian Women and Cancer cohort, using Illumina methylation platforms (450k & EPIC). We studied genome-wide DNA methylation, targeted analyses of CpG sites indicated in the literature, global methylation (average over all CpGs and imputation of LINE-1 specific CpGs), and accelerated aging. Lifetime history of UVR exposure (residential ambient UVR, sunburns, sunbathing vacations and indoor tanning) was collected by questionnaires. Cumulative UVR exposure was calculated by adding sunbathing vacations and indoor tanning. We used one data set for discovery and the other two for replication. Results One CpG site showed a genome-wide significant association between cumulative UVR exposure and DNA methylation (cg01884057) (pnominal=3.96e-08), but was not replicated in any of the two replication sets (pnominal≥0.42). Four CpG sites (cg05860019, cg00033666, cg18984282, cg25792367) showed suggestive associations with the other UVR exposures. Conclusion We performed extensive analyses of the association between long-term UVR exposure and DNA methylation in lymphocytes. There was no indication of a robust effect of past UVR exposure on DNA methylation, and our results do not suggest mediation of UVR effects on melanoma risk by DNA methylation.
Increase of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strain type ST117 CT71 at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2008 to 2018
Authors: Weber Anna , Maechler Friederike , Schwab Frank , Gastmeier Petra , Kola Axel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In addition to an overall rise in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm), an increase in certain other strain types has been reported in Germany over the past few years. Outbreak analyses at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin revealed the frequent occurrence of VREfm ST117 CT71 isolates in 2017 and 2018. To investigate whether ST117 CT71 have emerged in recent years or whether these strains have been circulating for a longer time, we retrospectively analyzed non-outbreak strains that occurred between 2008 and 2018 to identify frequent sequence types (STs) and cluster types (CTs). Methods In total, 120 VREfm isolates obtained from clinical and surveillance cultures from the years 2008, 2013, 2015, and 2018 were analyzed. Thirty isolates per year comprising the first 7 to 8 non-outbreak isolates of each quarter of the respective year were sequenced using whole genome sequencing. MLST and cgMLST were determined as well as resistance genes and virulence factors. Risk factors for VREfm ST117 were analyzed in a multivariable analysis with patient characteristics as possible confounders. Results The percentage of VREfm of type ST117 increased from 17% in 2008 to 57% in 2018 (p=0.012). In 2008, vanA genotype accounted for 80% of all ST117 isolates compared to 6% in 2018. VanB CT71 first appeared in 2018 and predominated over all other ST117 at 43% (p<0.0001). The set of resistance genes and virulence factors in CT71 (msrC, efmA, ermB, dfrG, and aac(6')-Ii) and virulence factors (acm, esp, hyl, ecbA and sgrA) was also found in other ST117 non-CT71 strains, mainly in CT36. The study population did not differ among the different calendar years analyzed in terms of age, gender, length of stay, or ward type (each p>0.2). Conclusion This study revealed an increase in ST117 strains from 2008 to 2018, accompanied by a shift toward CT71 strains with the vanB genotype in 2018. We did not detect resistance or virulence traits in CT71 that could confer survival advantage compared to other CTs among ST117 strains. To date, it is not clear why ST117 and in particular strain type ST117 CT71 predominates over other strains.
Shen Shuai II Recipe attenuates apoptosis in 5/6th renal ablation/infarction rats by inhibiting p53 and mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis
Authors: Wang Meng , Yang Jing , Yang Liuyi , Wang Chen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a serious challenge to global public health. Apoptosis is closely related to the evolution of CKD. In China, it has been noted that Chinese herbal medicine may be suitable for the treatment of CKD. Shen Shuai II Recipe (SSR) is a classic formula for the treatment of CKD in the clinic and proves the renprotective effects. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether SSR could reduce apoptosis in 5/6 renal ablation/infarction (A/I) hypoxia model by regulating p53 and mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis.Methods 28 days after the 5/6 (A/I) surgery, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group, 5/6 (A/I) group, 5/6 (A/I) + SSR group and 5/6 (A/I) +Losartan group (5/6 (A/I) +LOR). After 56 days of treatment, we mainly assessed the translocation of apoptotic factors in mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, the degree of mitochondrial dysfunction and the nuclear and mitochondrial translocation of p53. Furthermore, we detected the interaction of p53 with anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 proteins.Results SSR significantly inhibited the mitochondrial accumulation of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and Puma and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol in the 5/6 (A/I) model. In addition, SSR improved the mitochondrial function and inhibited the nuclear and mitochondrial translocation of p53. SSR suppressed the p53 transactivation and the interaction of p53 with Bcl-xL and Bcl-2.Conclusions These results suggested that SSR could exert anti-apoptotic effects in the 5/6 (A/I) hypoxia model by inhibiting p53 transcriptional dependent and independent pro-apoptotic functions and the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis.
Integration of sRNA, degradome, transcriptome analysis and functional investigation reveals gma-miR398c negatively regulates drought tolerance via GmCSDs and GmCCS in transgenic Arabidopsis and soybean
Authors: Zhou Yonggang , Liu Weican , Li Xiaowei , Sun Daqian , Xu Keheng , Feng Chen , Foka Idrice Carther Kue , Toi Ketehouli , Gao Hongtao , Wang Nan , Dong Yuanyuan , Wang Fawei , Li Haiyan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Drought conditions adversely affect soybean growth, resulting in severe yield losses worldwide. Increasing experimental evidence indicates miRNAs are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. However, the drought-responsive molecular mechanism underlying miRNA–mRNA interactions remains largely uncharacterized in soybean. Meanwhile, the miRNA-regulated drought response pathways based on multi-omics approaches remain elusive. Results: We combined sRNA, transcriptome and degradome sequencing to elucidate the complex regulatory mechanism mediating soybean drought resistance. One-thousand transcripts from 384 target genes of 365 miRNAs, which were enriched in the peroxisome, were validated by degradome-seq. An integrated analysis showed 42 miRNA–target pairs exhibited inversely related expression profiles. Among these pairs, a strong induction of gma-miR398c as a hub gene negatively regulates multiple peroxisome-related genes ( GmCSD 1a/b, GmCSD 2a/b/c and GmCCS ). Meanwhile, we detected that alternative splicing of GmCSD1a/b might affect soybean drought tolerance by bypassing gma-miR398c regulation. Overexpressing gma-miR398c in Arabidopsis thaliana L. resulted in decreased percentage germination, increased leaf water loss, and reduced survival under water deficiency, which displayed sensitivity to drought during seed germination and seedling growth. Furthermore, overexpressing gma-miR398c in soybean decreased GmCSD 1a/b, GmCSD 2a/b/c and GmCCS expression, which weakened the ability to scavenge O 2 .− , resulting in increased relative electrolyte leakage and stomatal opening compared with knockout miR398c and wild-type soybean under drought conditions. Conclusion: The study indicates that gma-miR398c negatively regulates soybean drought tolerance, and provides novel insights useful for breeding programs to improve drought resistance by CRISPR technology.
Excess Mortality and Risk Factors for Mortality Among Patients with Severe Mental Disorders Receiving Home Care Case Management
Authors: Chen Wen-Yin , Huang Sheng-Jean , Chang Chin-Kuo , Pan Chun-Hung , Su Sheng-Shiang , Yang Tien-Wei , Kuo Chian-Jue 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Home care case management (CM) is the main intervention for patients with severe mental disorders (SMDs) requiring outreach care. The present study investigated the long-term mortality outcome and associated risk factors in patients who received home care CM. Methods: In this nationwide study, we enrolled patients who received home care CM (n=10255) between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2010; data of these patients were derived from a Taiwan health insurance database. We calculated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) as the ratio of observed deaths in the study cohort to expected deaths in the general population and presented by diagnosis. Multivariate regression was performed to assess independent risk factors for mortality. Results: Among 10255 patients who received home care CM, 1409 died during the study period; the overall SMR was 3.13. Specifically, patients with organic mental disorder had the highest SMR (4.98), followed by those with schizophrenia (3.89), major depression (2.98), and bipolar disorder (1.97). After adjustment for confounding factors in the multivariate analysis, patients with organic mental disorder or dementia had the highest risk of mortality, whereas the mortality risk in patients with schizophrenia was comparable to that in patients with bipolar disorder or major depression. Deceased patients had a significantly higher proportion of acute or chronic physical illnesses, including cancer, chronic hepatic disease, and pneumonia. Conclusion: This study presented the gap of mortality in patients with SMDs receiving home care CM in Taiwan. We highlight the need for more effective strategies to improve medical care for this specified population.
Seasonal Variation in the Occurrence of Retinal Vein Occlusion: A 4-Year Case Control Study
Authors: Matsuzawa Moe , Sakanishi Yoshihito , Ebihara Nobuyuki 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a common retinal vascular disease that causes a loss of vision. Therefore, we investigated whether there is seasonal variation in the onset of RVO, to examine the possibility of preventing it. Methods: Patients with RVO who were treated at the Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital between April 2013 and March 2017 were included in this retrospective study. The season in which the RVO occurred was recorded for each case, and the cases were grouped into 2-month periods and classified by age, sex and hypertension status. The frequency of occurrence of RVO across seasons was compared using a chi-squared test. Results: A total of 348 patients with RVO presented during the study period, with information regarding the date of RVO onset. The cohort of 348 consisted of 167 males and 181 females who, overall, had a mean age of 64.0 years (range 17–96 years). The highest incidence of RVO onset was during January/February, with the lowest incidence during July/August. Patient age, sex and hypertension status did not influence the results. Conclusions: The seasonal onset of RVO tended to be higher in January and February and lower in July and August. These findings suggest that eyecare professionals should be more vigilant in watching for the occurrence of RVO during winter, regardless of the patient’s sex, age or hypertension status. Keywords: retinal vein occlusion; seasonality; risk factors
Standardised neonatal parenteral nutrition formulations – Australasian Neonatal Parenteral Nutrition Consensus update 2017
Authors: Bolisetty Srinivas , Osborn David , Schindler Tim , Sinn John , Deshpande Girish , Wong Chee Sing , Jacobs Susan , Phad Nilkant , Pharande Pramod , Tobiansky Rodney , Luig Melissa , Trivedi Amit , McIntosh Joanne , Jozsa Eszter , Opie Gillian , Downe Lyn , Anderson Chad , Bhatia Vineesh , Kumar Prasanna , Malinen Katri , Birch Pita , Simmer Karen , McLeod Gemma , Suzanne Quader , Rajadurai Victor Samuel , Hewson Michael , Nair Arun , Williams Megan , Xiao Jing , Ravindranathan Hari , Broadbent Roland , Lui Kei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The first consensus standardised neonatal parenteral nutrition formulations were implemented in many neonatal units in Australia in 2012. The current update involving 49 units from Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Malaysia and India was conducted between September 2015 and December 2017 with the aim to review and update the 2012 formulations and guidelines. Methods: A systematic review of available evidence for each parenteral nutrient was undertaken and new standardised formulations and guidelines were developed. Results: Five existing preterm Amino acid-Dextrose formulations have been modified and two new concentrated Amino acid-Dextrose formulations added to optimise amino acid and nutrient intake according to gestation. Organic phosphate has replaced inorganic phosphate allowing for an increase in calcium and phosphate content, and acetate reduced. Lipid emulsions are unchanged, with both SMOFlipid and ClinOleic preparations included. The physicochemical compatibility and stability of all formulations have been tested and confirmed. Guidelines to standardise the parenteral nutrition clinical practice across facilities have also been developed. Conclusions: Formulations and guidelines to standardise parenteral nutrition practice across the Australasian region have the potential to improve nutrition and clinical outcomes of neonates. Standardisation can also result in cost savings, quality improvement and error minimisation in PN prescribing and ordering.
Ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block for percutaneous kyphoplasty: A prospective non-randomized comparative study
Authors: Tang Chengxuan , Xia Haijie , Tang Xiaojun , Dai Minghai , Peng Maoxiu , Wu Ansheng , Zhang Weihao , He Shaoqi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures was short but painful especially during trocar insertion, balloon dilatation and cement injection. Different anesthetic techniques have been proposed to control pain during kyphoplasty, but all have limitations. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects and safety of ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block in patients undergoing percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP). Methods: A prospective study of 195 patients with thoracic compression fracture undergoing PKK was conducted. The patients were non-randomly assigned to receive an ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block (Group P, n=96) and local infiltration anesthesia (Group L, n=99), and were compared along with anesthesia time, operation time, blood loss, hospitalization time, costs, complications, additional analgesia rate, investigators’ satisfaction scores, patients’ anesthesia satisfaction scores and intention rate of re-administration anesthesia. Visual analog scale (VAS) of pain, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were measured at pre-anesthesia (T0), post-anesthesia (T1), trocar insertion (T2), balloon dilatation (T3), cement injection (T4) and post-operation (T5). Results: The anesthesia time was significantly longer in group P than in group L (23.73±4.20 min vs. 6.31±2.14 min, P <0.05). There were no significant differences in the epidemiological data, operation time, blood loss, hospitalization time complications and costs between the two groups. The additional analgesics rate was significantly lower in group P than in group L (6.25% vs. 23.23%, P <0.05). The investigators’ satisfaction scores [4 (3-5) vs. 3(2-4), P <0.05], patients’ anesthesia satisfaction scores [2 (2-3) vs. 2 (1-3), P <0.05] and intention rate of re-administration anesthesia (90.63% vs. 69.70%, P <0.05) were significantly higher in group P than in group L. Intraoperative VAS score (T1-T4) was significantly lower in group P than in group L (2 (1-3) vs. 3 (2-4), 2 (2-3) vs. 4 (2-4), 2 (2-3) vs. 5 (3-5), 3 (2-3) vs. 5 (3-5), P <0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS scores (T0 and T5), SBP, DBP and HR between these two groups. Conclusion: Ultrasound - guided thoracic paravertebral block achieved more effective analgesia in comparison to local infiltration groups in patients undergoing percutaneous kyphoplasty.