bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational therapy and physiotherapy interventions in palliative care: a cross-sectional study of patient-reported needs
Authors: Høgdal Nina , Eidemak Inge , Sjøgren Per , Larsen Henrik , Sørensen Jonas , Christensen Jan 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionAn interdisciplinary team approach to patients in specialised palliative care is recommended; however, the composition of the professionals tends to vary, and the roles of physiotherapists and occupational therapists may be underestimated. We aimed to investigate patient-reported unmet needs, which potentially could benefit from physiotherapy and occupational therapy interventions in a specialised palliative care team.MethodsAdult patients with chronic advanced diseases referred to the Specialised Palliative Care Team at Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet were enrolled in the study. The Three-Levels-of-Needs Questionnaire was used as primary outcome to assess symptom/problem intensity, symptom/problem burden and felt needs for 12 commonly reported symptoms/problems for patients referred to a specialised palliative care team. Furthermore, participants’ level of distress, fatigue and physical activity, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and barriers towards the rehabilitation programme were registered with other measures.ResultsIn total, 43 of 67 (64%) patients participated. The majority of participants reported severe symptoms/problems concerning fatigue (81%), impaired physical activities (77%), carrying out work and daily activities (77%), pain (72%), and worries (58%). Furthermore, need for help was expressed concerning physical activities (79%), work and daily activities (77%), fatigue (70%), pain (65%), concentration (58%) and worries (51%). On average the patients characterised 6 (out of 12) symptoms/problems as severe.ConclusionPatients referred to a specialised palliative care team reported extensive unmet needs concerning physical activities, work and daily activities, fatigue, pain, concentration and worries. Unmet needs that potentially could be alleviated by physiotherapists or occupational therapists implemented in the interdisciplinary team.
Socioeconomic determinants of depression amid the anti-extradition bill protests in Hong Kong: the mediating role of daily routine disruptions
Authors: Lai Francisco Tsz Tsun , Hall Brian J , Liang Li , Galea Sandro , Hou Wai Kai 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundPrevious research has suggested a socioeconomic gradient of mental health in the face of potentially traumatic events. Nevertheless, few studies examined the intermediary mechanisms of this gradient. This study tested a hypothesised mediating effect of disruptions to daily routines (eg, eating/sleeping habits) between socioeconomic status (SES) and depression among participants and non-participants of the anti-extradition bill protests in summer 2019 in Hong Kong.MethodsA territory-wide telephone survey was conducted during the movement in the first 3 weeks of July 2019 to collect self-report data from 1112 Cantonese-speaking Hong Kong citizens. Stratified by participation in the anti-extradition bill protests, logistic regression was conducted to examine the inverse relationship between SES and depression. Subsequently, path analysis was conducted to test the hypothesised indirect effect through daily routine disruptions.ResultsIn total, 581 (52.2%) respondents participated in the anti-extradition bill protests. Logistic regression showed that higher educational attainment was protective of depression among both participants and non-participants, while the protective effect of household income level HK$40 000–HK$79 999 (compared with <HK$20 000) was only observed among participants. Path analysis showed that 50.3% of the socioeconomic gradient was explained by daily routine disruptions among participants, compared with 8.3% among non-participants.ConclusionsDaily routine disruptions partially explain the association between low SES and depression, especially among participants of the anti-extradition bill protests. To improve population mental health, such disruptions should be mitigated.
Oxazaphosphorines combined with immune checkpoint blockers: dose-dependent tuning between immune and cytotoxic effects
Authors: Delahousse Julia , Skarbek Charles , Desbois Mélanie , Perfettini Jean-Luc , Chaput Nathalie , Paci Angelo 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundOxazaphosphorines (cyclophosphamide (CPA), ifosfamide (IFO)) are major alkylating agents of polychemotherapy protocols but limiting their toxicity and increasing their efficacy could be of major interest. Oxazaphosphorines are prodrugs that require an activation by cytochrome P450 (CYP). CPA is mainly metabolized (>80%) to phosphoramide mustard while only 10%–50% of IFO is transformed in the alkylating entity, isophosphoramide mustard and 50%–90% of IFO release chloroacetaldehyde, a nephrotoxic and neurotoxic metabolite. Geranyloxy-IFO (G-IFO) was reported as a preactivated IFO to circumvent the toxic pathway giving directly the isophosphoramide mustard without CYP metabolization. The similarity in structure of CPA and IFO and the similarity in metabolic balance of CPA and G-IFO have led us to explore immunomodulatory effect of these components in mice and to investigate the combination of these oxazaphosphorines with immune checkpoint blockers (ICB).MethodsThe investigation of the immunomodulatory properties of IFO and G-IFO compared with CPA has been conducted through immune cell phenotyping by flow cytometry and analysis of the cytokine profile of T cells after ex-vivo restimulation. T cell-mediated antitumor efficacy was confirmed in CD4+and CD8+T cell-depleted mice. A combination of oxazaphosphorines with an anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody has been studied in MCA205 tumor-bearing mice.ResultsStudies on a MCA205 mouse model have demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of IFO and G-IFO on T cell immunity. These components in particular favored Th1 polarization when used at low dose (150 and eq. 100 mg/kg, respectively). Antitumor activity at low dose was abolished in mice depleted in CD4+and CD8+T cells. G-IFO at low dose (eq. 100 mg/kg) in combination with anti-PD-1 antidody showed high synergistic antitumor efficacy compared with IFO.ConclusionOxazaphosphorines are characterized by a dual mechanism of antitumor action; low-dose schedules should be preferred in combination with ICB, and dose escalation was found to have better utility in polychemotherapy protocols where a conventional direct cytotoxic anticancer effect is needed. G-IFO, the novel oxazaphosphorine drug, has shown a better metabolic index compared with IFO as its metabolization gives mainly the alkylating mustard as CPA (and not IFO) and a best potential in combination with ICB.
Tissue bridges predict neuropathic pain emergence after spinal cord injury
Authors: Pfyffer Dario , Vallotton Kevin , Curt Armin , Freund Patrick 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo assess associations between preserved spinal cord tissue quantified by the width of ventral and dorsal tissue bridges and neuropathic pain development after spinal cord injury.MethodsThis retrospective longitudinal study includes 44 patients (35 men; mean (SD) age, 50.05 (18.88) years) with subacute (ie, 1 month) spinal cord injury (25 patients with neuropathic pain, 19 pain-free patients) and neuroimaging data who had a follow-up clinical assessment at 12 months. Widths of tissue bridges were calculated from midsagittal T2-weighted images and compared across groups. Regression analyses were used to identify relationships between these neuroimaging measures and previously assessed pain intensity and pin-prick score.ResultsPin-prick score of the 25 patients with neuropathic pain increased from 1 to 12 months (Δmean=10.08, 95% CI 2.66 to 17.50, p=0.010), while it stayed similar in pain-free patients (Δmean=2.74, 95% CI −7.36 to 12.84, p=0.576). They also had larger ventral tissue bridges (Δmedian=0.80, 95% CI 0.20 to 1.71, p=0.008) at 1 month when compared with pain-free patients. Conditional inference tree analysis revealed that ventral tissue bridges’ width (≤2.1 or >2.1 mm) at 1 month is the strongest predictor for 12 months neuropathic pain intensity (1.90±2.26 and 3.83±1.19, p=0.042) and 12 months pin-prick score (63.84±28.26 and 92.67±19.43, p=0.025).InterpretationLarger width of ventral tissue bridges—a proxy for spinothalamic tract function—at 1 month post-spinal cord injury is associated with the emergence and maintenance of neuropathic pain and increased pin-prick sensation. Spared ventral tissue bridges could serve as neuroimaging biomarkers of neuropathic pain and might be used for prediction and monitoring of pain outcomes and stratification of patients in interventional trials.
Four common diseases causing sudden blindness or death in the eye emergency department
Authors: da Cruz Escaleira Ana Leonor Rei , Kalogeropoulos Dimitrios , Kalogeropoulos Chris , Ch’Ng Soon Wai , Sung Velota C T , Asproudis Ioannis , Papoudou-Bai Alexandra , Malamos Konstantinos , Mitra Arijit 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTNeuro-ophthalmological emergency disorders typically present with symptoms of visual loss, diplopia, ocular motility impairment or anisocoria. The ocular manifestations of these disorders are sometimes indicative of a more serious global neurology disease rather than an isolated ocular disease. The aim of this review is to highlight four important neuro-ophthalmological emergency disorders that must not be missed by an ophthalmologist. These include acute painful Horner’s syndrome, painful cranial nerve III palsy, giant cell arteritis and transient ischaemic attack with amaurosis fugax. The delayed diagnosis of these clinical entities puts the patient at risk of blindness or death. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and management of these conditions are essential. This can be acquired from understanding the main signs and symptoms of the disease presentation together with a high index of suspicion while working at a busy eye emergency department.
SARS-CoV-2 and the pandemic of COVID-19
Authors: Adil Md Tanveer , Rahman Rumana , Whitelaw Douglas , Jain Vigyan , Al-Taan Omer , Rashid Farhan , Munasinghe Aruna , Jambulingam Periyathambi 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTSARS-CoV-2 is a virus that is the cause of a serious life-threatening disease known as COVID-19. It was first noted to have occurred in Wuhan, China in November 2019 and the WHO reported the first case on December 31, 2019. The outbreak was declared a global pandemic on March 11, 2020 and by May 30, 2020, a total of 5 899 866 positive cases were registered including 364 891 deaths. SARS-CoV-2 primarily targets the lung and enters the body through ACE2 receptors. Typical symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, cough, shortness of breath and fatigue, yet some atypical symptoms like loss of smell and taste have also been described. 20% require hospital admission due to severe disease, a third of whom need intensive support. Treatment is primarily supportive, however, prognosis is dismal in those who need invasive ventilation. Trials are ongoing to discover effective vaccines and drugs to combat the disease. Preventive strategies aim at reducing the transmission of disease by contact tracing, washing of hands, use of face masks and government-led lockdown of unnecessary activities to reduce the risk of transmission.
Biopsychosocial baseline values of 15 000 patients suffering from chronic pain: Dutch DataPain study
Authors: Brouwer Brigitte , Waardenburg Sophie , Jacobs Christian , Overdijk Marjori , Leue Carsten , Köke Albère , Kuijk Sander van , van Kleef Maarten , Van Zundert Jan , de Meij Nelleke 
Published: August 2020

Background and objectives
Chronic pain affects many adults. To improve our daily practice, we need to understand multidisciplinary approaches, integrated treatment plans and the biopsychosocial context of these patients. To date, almost 15 000 chronic pain patients have been referred to the Maastricht University Pain Center in the Netherlands.

Methods
This study describes 11 214 of these patients suffering from chronic pain. Chronic pain was analyzed using relevant Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials instruments.

Results
Most patients were female (59.3%). The prevalence of low education was 59%, and unemployment/disability was 35.9%. The mean age was 55.6 years. Severe pain (Numerical Rating Sale score 7–10) was reported by 71.9% of the patients; psychological and quality of life values deteriorated when pain severity increased. Approximately 36% of patients showed severe signs of depression or anxiety, and 39% displayed high pain catastrophizing. Of all patients, 17.8% reported high values for pain severity, catastrophizing and anxiety or depression.

Conclusions
Based on baseline biopsychosocial values, this study shows the complexity of patients referred to pain centers. Pain management with a biopsychosocial approach in an integrated multidisciplinary setting is indispensable. Above all, adjusted education on chronic pain and attention to its biopsychosocial aspects are deemed necessary.
Development of small-scale unmanned hydrofoil boats
Authors: Thompson Noah T. , Whitworth Phillip R. , Matveev Konstantin I. 
Published: August 2020

Unmanned boats have gained a lot of interest in the maritime community during the last decade. Most hydrodynamic platforms employed for unmanned boats are based on traditional relatively simple hulls. In the present study, small-scale hydrofoil-assisted unmanned boats (0.6–0.7 m in length and 3.5–5.5 kg in mass) have been developed and tested. Design calculations using a hydrodynamic transverse-strip engineering method with semi-empirical correlations were applied to determine suitable dimensions for hydrofoil systems. The boat hulls and hydrofoils were fabricated by laying up carbon-fiber cloth sheets on foam cores or 3-D printed profiles. The boats were instrumented with outboard propulsors and electronic equipment for operations in both remote control and autopilot modes. In addition, an in-situ thrust-measuring module was designed and installed at the hull sterns to gather thrust data at GPS-measured speeds in the range between 0 and 11 m/s. The developed boats proved to be robust platforms capable of going over 600 m distances at high speeds while autonomously following preset paths. The presented methods and results can assist engineers developing unmanned surface vehicles that utilize advanced hydrodynamic concepts.
Towards reconciling the holographic and lattice descriptions of radially excited hadrons
Authors: Afonin S. S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWithin the framework of AdS/QCD models, the spectra of radially excited hadrons are identified with towers of Kaluza–Klein (KK) states in a putative dual theory. The infinite number of KK states is indispensable to provide correct high energy asymptotics of correlation functions in QCD. It is known, however, that the KK modes of dual theory must be qualitatively different from real hadrons. And what is more important, the radially excited states appear in lattice calculations not as ”excitations” of some ground state, but rather as independent states coupled to higher dimensional QCD operators – the larger is a basis of interpolating operators, the larger set of states can be resolved. A question arises whether is it possible to reconcile the holographic and lattice descriptions of radially excited hadrons? We propose a new phenomenological ”consistency test” for bottom-up holographic models: If the KK spectrum of massive 5D fields dual to higher dimensional operators in QCD coincides with the conventional radial KK spectrum, then the holographic KK states can be identified with real excited mesons in the large-$$N_c$$Nclimit of QCD. We demonstrate that the Soft Wall holographic model passes this test while the Hard Wall model does not.
Mass spectra of heavy pseudoscalars using instantaneous Bethe–Salpeter equation with different kernels
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Ying-Long , Feng Tai-Fu , Wang Guo-Li 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe solved the instantaneous Bethe–Salpeter equation for heavy pseudoscalars in different kernels, where the kernels are obtained using linear scalar potential plus one gluon exchange vector potentials in Feynman gauge, Landau gauge, Coulomb gauge and time-component Coulomb gauge. Since we cannot give a complete QCD-based calculation, the results are gauge dependent. We compared the obtained mass spectra of heavy pseudoscalars between different kernels, found that using the same parameters we obtain the smallest mass splitting in time-component Coulomb gauge, the similar largest mass splitting in Feynman and Coulomb gauges, middle size splitting in Landau gauge.
Abstract A022: [Advocate Abstract] Are you dense?
Authors: D'Agostino Chiara 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
My poster will educate people about density of breasts, the different levels of density and how breast density affects the results of imaging. What to do about imaging when one has dense breast tissue. How to find out about your breast density. The different kinds of screening measures that can be done now. And of course, speaking up for yourself because early detetcion is best.
Citation Format: Chiara D'Agostino. [Advocate Abstract] Are you dense? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A022.
Abstract A111: Urine-based gene expression panels with focus on prostate cancer in African Americans
Authors: Kohaar Indu , Banerjee Sreedatta , Chen Yongmei , Ali Amina , Kagan Jacob , Srivastava Sudhir , Cullen Jennifer , Rosner Inger , Srivastava Shiv , Petrovics Gyorgy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Prostate cancer (CaP) affects 1 in 7 men in their lifetime. African American (AA) men have significantly higher incidence and mortality from CaP compared to Caucasian American (CA) men. We and others have also noted that the genes commonly overexpressed in CaP (e.g., ERG) and currently used as diagnostic markers exhibit much lower frequency and more heterogeneity in AA men. The goals of this study are to develop CaP diagnostic/prognostic marker panels that takes into account race-associated differences in molecular alterations. Here we evaluated a panel of CaP associated genes using regular (non-DRE) urine from AA and CA CaP for discriminating between high-grade (Gleason score [GS], 7-10) and low-grade disease (GS, 6) and cancer negative biopsy.
Methods: The quantitative expression assay protocols have been developed for noninvasive detection of candidate genes in exosomal RNAs from regular urine. The selected genes were reverse transcribed in a single reaction using gene-specific primer pool (GSP) followed by preamplification and PCR-based assay of all target genes.
Results: Regular urine exosomal RNA-based assays were developed and optimized for PSGR, DLX1, HOXC4, NKX2-3, COL10A1, HOXC6, PCA3, PCGEM1, PCAT1, CTBP1, SChLAP1, ERG and SPDEF. All markers have been evaluated in a pilot study of 72 subjects undergoing diagnostic biopsies. For AA patients a sensitivity of 88.2%, specificity of 83.3%, and AUC of 0.81 were achieved for the panel (PCA3, PCGEM1, HOXC6 and SChLAP1). Consistent with numerous studies, ERG and PCA3 panel was optimal for CA patients. Preliminary analysis showed that 3 markers were found to be associated with improved discrimination between GS7 or greater and GS6 (AUC 0.78 for ERG; AUC 0.72 for PSGR and AUC 0.72 for SChLaP1) in AA CaP. In CA patients, PCA3 gave an AUC of 0.76 for predicting high-grade from low-grade disease. Analysis of an additional 100 patients is in progress.
Conclusions: Given the genomic difference of prostate cancer among different race/ethnicity, this study highlights the potential for developing CaP biomarker panels in the context of race for enhancing precision medicine through improved CaP diagnosis/prognosis
Citation Format: Indu Kohaar, Sreedatta Banerjee, Yongmei Chen, Amina Ali, Jacob Kagan, Sudhir Srivastava, Jennifer Cullen, Inger Rosner, Shiv Srivastava, Gyorgy Petrovics. Urine-based gene expression panels with focus on prostate cancer in African Americans [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A111.
Abstract B014: Differences in the impact of marital status on risk of suicide among cancer survivors based on cancer sites
Authors: Osazuwa-Peters Nosayaba , Simpson Matthew C. , Boakye Eric Adjei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Suicide is a threat to cancer survivorship, and a known non-cancer competing cause of death among cancer survivors. In fact, the risk of suicide among cancer survivors is more than double that of the general population, depending on the cancer site. While several factors like age, gender, race, and cancer site are associated with suicide, studies on the potential impact of marriage, a marker for social support, on the risk of suicide among cancer survivors have been inconclusive. This study aimed to examine the impact of marital status on the risk of suicide, and to determine whether there are differences in the effect of marital status on suicide risk based on cancer sites.
Methods: Patients with head and neck (n=162,701), pancreatic (n=127,831), stomach (n=80,839), and lung/bronchus cancer (n=605,274) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 database diagnosed from 2007-2015 were included (total n=976,645). These cancer sites were selected as they have the highest suicide rates of all cancers. Competing risks proportional hazards models estimated the association between marital status and death from suicide for each of the four cancer sites while controlling for sociodemographic and clinical covariates. These models yielded adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results: The patient cohort was mostly male (57%), non-Hispanic white (74%), married/partnered (51%), and had a mean age of 67 years. For stomach cancer, marital status was not associated with death from suicide. For pancreatic, lung, and HNC, divorced/separated patients were more likely to commit suicide than married/partnered patients (aHR range 1.59-2.92). For lung (aHR=1.47, 95% CI 1.14, 1.92) and HNC (aHR=1.31, 95% CI 1.01, 1.70), never-married patients were more likely to commit suicide than married/partnered patients.
Conclusions: Being married was protective against suicide among the cancer survivors in our study, except for stomach cancer survivors. However, the effect of marital status on suicide risk was greater among head and neck cancer survivors than lung, pancreatic, and stomach cancer survivors. It is critical that survivors receive as much support as possible to mitigate suicide risks.
Citation Format: Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters, Matthew C. Simpson, Eric Adjei Boakye. Differences in the impact of marital status on risk of suicide among cancer survivors based on cancer sites [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B014.