bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of work life and Generation Y
Authors: Muskat Birgit , Reitsamer Bernd F. 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how quality of work life (QWL) influences job satisfaction and to test if gender and organizational type moderate this relationship for Generation Y (Gen-Y).Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaire data were collected from 328 Gen-Y employees in European hospitality businesses. Drawing on generational theory, social role theory and person–environment (P–E) fit theory, the authors discuss how gender and organizational types (i.e. independent vs corporate structures) moderate Gen-Y’s QWL–job satisfaction relationship.FindingsThe findings of the paper are as follows: first, gender and organizational type influence the QWL–job satisfaction relationship for Gen-Y. Second, job security does not change job satisfaction levels for female employees while high levels of job security negatively influence job satisfaction for male employees. Third, receiving appreciation at work increases job satisfaction for both women and men but, when receiving little appreciation at work, women remain more satisfied. Fourth, having opportunities to contribute to decisions positively affects Gen-Y’s job satisfaction. Fifth, having the right to say is more important in independent organizations, while the opportunity to realize an employee’s own potential leads to higher job satisfaction in corporate organizations.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the limited empirical scholarly research, adding to a deeper understanding of influencing factors of Gen-Y’s QWL–job satisfaction relationship.
Occupational stress and its outcomes: the role of work-social support in the hospitality industry
Authors: Yousaf Saira , Rasheed Muhammad Imran , Hameed Zahid , Luqman Adeel 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to apply conservation of resource (COR) theory and the buffering hypothesis of social support to explore occupational stress and its negative outcomes such as job engagement and turnover intentions for front-line hospitality industry employees in the People’s Republic of China.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data were collected in two waves from 318 front-line employees in a chain of restaurants located in the eastern region of the People’s Republic of China.FindingsIntegrating COR theory and the buffering hypothesis of social support, job satisfaction is found to be a mediating mechanism in the relationships between occupational stress and job engagement and occupational stress and employee turnover intentions for front-line hospitality industry workers. Moreover, the authors found the boundary condition role of work-social support. The relationships between stress and its negative outcomes are weak for the employees receiving high social support at work.Originality/valueThis study calls for researchers’ attention towards the issues of occupational stress focussing on the implications of work-social support for front-line hospitality industry employees.
Culture also eats innovation for breakfast!
Authors: Oliver John J. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This paper examines the role that corporate culture plays in shaping firm performance. It specifically examines how a corporate crisis event resulted in adaptive cultural responses that may be inhibiting the level of firm innovation.

Design/methodology/approach
The research presents a longitudinal analysis of risk and innovation words contained in Barclays Plc corporate annual reports.

Findings
In the wake of corporate fraud and punitive charges, Barclays Plc introduced a number of new governance structures and a new code of conduct for employees. These initiatives moved the firm away from excessive risk taking, but may have also placed an emphasis on risk aversion at the expense of innovation.

Practical implications
The insight provided by this viewpoint and analysis may help CEOs and their management teams to better understand how changes in strategy, and or new corporate initiatives, create adaptive changes in culture. These changes, whilst making improvements in one area, may detract from performance in other parts of the firm.

Originality/value
This paper provides a highly original look at corporate culture and has employed an innovative methodology to underpin the analysis and subsequent viewpoint.
Depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between sleep disturbances and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Peleg Ora , Cohen Ami , Haimov Iris 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe current study aimed at examining whether individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have more severe sleep disturbances compared to individuals who are healthy or have prediabetes and whether depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between sleep disturbances and having T2DM.MethodsT2DM patients (n = 107) were compared to individuals with prediabetes (n = 48) and healthy individuals (n = 154) regarding the severity of depressive symptoms, measured via the Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II), and sleep disturbances, measured via the Mini Sleep Questionnaire (MSQ). Mediation analysis examined whether depressive symptoms mediated the relationship between sleep disturbances and T2DM.ResultsCompared to healthy individuals and individuals with prediabetes, T2DM patients had more depressive symptoms and higher levels of insomnia, hypersomnia, and overall more sleep disturbances. The prediabetes group did not differ from the healthy control group on these measures, and these groups were thus combined for further analysis. Sleep disturbances were correlated with severity of depressive symptoms (r =0.43). After controlling for age, gender, and ethnic background, both severity of sleep disturbances (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.07, P <.001) and severity of depressive symptoms (OR: 8.54, 95% CI: 3.37‐21.69, P <.001) predicted T2DM. Depression symptoms mediated the relationship between sleep disturbances and T2DM, whereas the direct relationship between sleep disturbances and T2DM was nonsignificant.ConclusionsThe findings imply that sleep disturbances may contribute to the development and progression of T2DM by promoting depressive symptoms. Thus, treatments for the emotional distress associated with sleep disturbances may help reduce the risk for T2DM and the progression of the disease.
Assessment of fish communities using environmental DNA: Effect of spatial sampling design in lentic systems of different sizes
Authors: Zhang Shan , Lu Qi , Wang Yiyan , Wang Xiaomei , Zhao Jindong , Yao Meng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFreshwater fish biodiversity is quickly decreasing and requires effective monitoring and conservation. Environmental DNA (eDNA)‐based methods have been shown to be highly sensitive and cost‐efficient for aquatic biodiversity surveys, but few studies have systematically investigated how spatial sampling design affects eDNA‐detected fish communities across lentic systems of different sizes. We compared the spatial patterns of fish diversity determined using eDNA in three lakes of small (SL; 3 ha), medium (ML; 122 ha) and large (LL; 4,343 ha) size using a spatially explicit grid sampling method. A total of 100 water samples (including nine, 17 and 18 shoreline samples and six, 14 and 36 interior samples from SL, ML and LL, respectively) were collected, and fish communities were analysed using eDNA metabarcoding of the mitochondrial 12S region. Together, 30, 35 and 41 fish taxa were detected in samples from SL, ML, and LL, respectively. We observed that eDNA from shoreline samples effectively captured the majority of the fish diversity of entire waterbodies, and pooled samples recovered fewer species than individually processed samples. Significant spatial autocorrelations between fish communities within 250 m and 2 km of each other were detected in ML and LL, respectively. Additionally, the relative sequence abundances of many fish species exhibited spatial distribution patterns that correlated with their typical habitat occupation. Overall, our results support the validity of a shoreline sampling strategy for eDNA‐based fish community surveys in lentic systems but also suggest that a spatially comprehensive sampling design can reveal finer distribution patterns of individual species.
Population‐level predictors of changes in success rates of smoking quit attempts in England: a time series analysis
Authors: Beard Emma , Jackson Sarah E. , West Robert , Kuipers Mirte A. G. , Brown Jamie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsTo quantify associations between the success of smoking quit attempts and factors that have varied throughout 2007–2018 at a population level.Designtime series analysis using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Exogeneous Input (ARIMAX) modelling.Setting and ParticipantsData were aggregated from 54 847 past‐year smokers taking part in the Smoking Toolkit Study which involves monthly repeated cross‐sectional household surveys of individuals aged 16+ in England.MeasurementsThe input series were: (1) attempts at smoking reduction using (a) e‐cigarettes and (b) nicotine replacement therapy (NRT); (2) use during a quit attempt of (a) e‐cigarettes, (b) NRT over‐the‐counter, (c) medication on prescription and (d) face‐to‐face behavioural support; (3) use of roll‐your‐own tobacco; (4) prevalence of (a) smoking and (b) non‐daily smoking; (5) tobacco control mass media expenditure; (6) expenditure on smoking; (7) smoker characteristics in the form of (a) high motivation to quit, (b) average age, (c) socio‐economic status and (d) cigarette consumption; (8) implementation of tobacco control policies; and (9) quit attempt rate.FindingsThe licensing of NRT for harm reduction was associated with a 0.641% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.073–1.209, P = 0.027] increase in the mean point prevalence of the success rate of quit attempts. For every 1% increase in the mean point prevalence of e‐cigarette use and use of prescription medication during a quit attempt, the mean point prevalence of successful quit attempts increased by 0.106% (95% CI = 0.011–0.201, P = 0.029) and 0.143% (95% CI = 0.009–0.279, P = 0.038), respectively. For every 1% increase in the mean expenditure on tobacco control mass media, the mean point prevalence of successful quit attempts increased by 0.046% (95% CI = 0.001–0.092, P = 0.046). Other associations were not statistically significant.ConclusionIn England between 2007 and 2018, licensing of nicotine replacement therapy for use in harm reduction, greater use of e‐cigarettes and prescription medications during a quit attempt and higher expenditure on tobacco control mass media were all associated with higher success rates of quit attempts.
InDels within caprine IGF2BP1 intron 2 and the 3′‐untranslated regions are associated with goat growth traits
Authors: Wang Z. , Zhang X. , Jiang E. , Yan H. , Zhu H. , Chen H. , Liu J. , Qu L. , Pan C. , Lan X. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryInsulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) is involved in the Hedgehog pathway and has been shown to regulate the RNA stability of several growth‐related target genes. It is located in a quantitative trait locus showing a strong association with traits related to body size in ducks. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) also participates in Hedgehog signaling pathways and has been reported to be associated with organic growth and development. FGFR1‐knockout mice have been shown to have severe postnatal growth defects, including an approximately 50% reduction in body weight and bone mass. Meanwhile, nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay factor (SMG6) can maintain genomic stability, which is associated with organic growth and development. Therefore, we hypothesized that IGF2BP1, FGFR1 and SMG6 genes may play important roles in the growth traits of goats. In this study, the existence of two insertion/deletion (InDel) variants within IGF2BP1, one InDel within FGFR1 and two InDels within SMG6 was verified and their correlation with growth traits was analyzed in 2429 female Shaanbei white cashmere goats. Results showed both the 15 bp InDel in intron 2 and the 5 bp InDel in the 3′ regulatory region within IGF2BP1 were significantly associated with growth traits (P < 0.05) and goats with the combinatorial homozygous insertion genotypes of these two loci had the highest body weight (P = 0.046). The other InDels within FGFR1 and SMG6 were not obviously associated with growth traits (P > 0.05). Therefore, the two InDels in IGF2BP1 were vital mutations affecting goat growth traits.
Diagnosis of acute appendicitis and clinical outcomes following laparoscopic surgery: a cohort study
Authors: Aljoe James , Enoch Jade , Ferguson Jorgen S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical assessment of appendicitis remains challenging, especially between genders and across age groups. Negative appendicectomy rates (NARs) can be as high as 43% and are significantly higher in the female population. Evidence suggests blood markers such as white blood cell count (WBC) and C‐reactive protein have poor predictive value. There is a lack of regional data assessing workup and outcomes following laparoscopic appendicectomy.MethodA multi‐centre, retrospective study was performed. A database of adult patients undergoing laparoscopic appendicectomy at Manly and Mona Vale Hospitals (Sydney, Australia) was analysed with regard to clinical assessment and outcomes. The primary endpoint was histological confirmation of acute appendicitis (AA). Secondary endpoints were length of hospital stay, NAR, correlation between preoperative WBC and AA, and sensitivity of preoperative imaging.ResultsA total of 501 patients were included in the study. AA was confirmed in 91.2% of patients. The NAR was 8.8% across all subgroups. The NAR was 12.1% in women. 95.6% of patients had preoperative imaging. There was a statistically significant relationship between WBC and length of stay (P < 0.005), with elevated WBC correlating with increasing length of stay.ConclusionWe concluded that preoperative WBC when elevated can be used as a marker for AA and also as a predictor for length of stay in hospital. We would also advocate the use of preoperative imaging in young women and children.
Preoperative cardiac and respiratory investigations do not predict cardio‐respiratory complications after pancreatectomy
Authors: Ashrafizadeh Amir , Mehta Shreya , Nahm Christopher B. , Doane Matthew , Samra Jaswinder S. , Mittal Anubhav 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe process of undergoing a pancreatic resection places a patient under notable physiologic strain throughout the perioperative journey, with well recognized risks of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications. Preoperative preparations and screening often incorporate a barrage of testing, including electrocardiograms, transthoracic echocardiography, chest X‐rays and spirometric evaluations. However, the current literature does not demonstrate whether these common tests provide any predictive correlation with postoperative cardiopulmonary complications. This retrospective study is structured to identify complications in post‐pancreatic resection patients and assess for a predictive correlation with preoperative test results.MethodsA retrospective analysis of all patients having undergone a pancreatic resection at a single tertiary centre, between 2014 and 2016. The inpatient medical records were reviewed for 30‐day postoperative complications, including acute myocardial infarction, cardiac dysrhythmia, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia or pleural effusions. The results of routine preoperative diagnostic tests and complication rates were analysed.ResultsA total of 244 patients, median age of 66 years (range 18–88 years) were included in the study. Of these, 11 patients experienced a cardiac complication and 16 patients experienced a respiratory complication. Among those who experienced cardiac events, only two patients had abnormalities in their preoperative electrocardiograms. Patients who sustained a cardiac or respiratory event did not have any evidence of abnormality in their preoperative transthoracic echocardiography or respiratory investigations, respectively.ConclusionDespite the recommendation that high‐risk procedures such as pancreatic resections warrant thorough, routine, preoperative cardiac and respiratory investigation, a more functional preoperative assessment should be considered to stratify and predict postoperative outcomes.
Autoimmune conditions and primary central nervous system lymphoma risk among older adults
Authors: Mahale Parag , Herr Megan M. , Engels Eric A. , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Shiels Meredith S. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryPrimary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) risk is highly increased in immunosuppressed individuals, such as those with human immunodeficiency virus infection and solid organ transplant recipients, but rates are increasing among immunocompetent older adults (age ≥65 years). We utilized data from a large, nationally‐representative cohort of older adults in the United States and found that PCNSL is significantly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodusa, autoimmune hepatitis, myasthenia gravis and uveitis. Immunosuppressive drugs given to treat these conditions may increase PCNSL risk, but these associations cannot explain the observed temporal increase in PCNSL rates, given the low prevalence of these conditions.
Dietary antioxidants remodel DNA methylation patterns in chronic disease
Authors: Beetch Megan , Harandi‐Zadeh Sadaf , Shen Kate , Lubecka Katarzyna , Kitts David D. , O'Hagan Heather M. , Stefanska Barbara 
Published: October 2019

Chronic diseases account for over 60% of all deaths worldwide according to the World Health Organization reports. Majority of cases are triggered by environmental exposures that lead to aberrant changes in the epigenome, specifically, the DNA methylation patterns. These changes result in altered expression of gene networks and activity of signalling pathways. Dietary antioxidants, including catechins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, stilbenes and carotenoids, demonstrate benefits in the prevention and/or support of therapy in chronic diseases. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of potential epigenetic mechanisms of antioxidant compounds in reversing altered patterns of DNA methylation in chronic disease. Antioxidants remodel the DNA methylation patterns through multiple mechanisms, including regulation of epigenetic enzymes and chromatin remodelling complexes. These effects can further contribute to antioxidant properties of the compounds. On the other hand, decrease in oxidative stress itself can impact DNA methylation delivering additional link between antioxidant mechanisms and epigenetic effects of the compounds.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc
Language Clearly Matters; Methods Matter Too
Authors: Purpura David J. 
Published: October 2019

Over two decades ago, the “30‐million‐word” gap rose to prominence after work by Hart & Risley (1995) suggested that children from families with low socioeconomic status (SES) heard fewer words than their peers from families with higher SES during their first 4 years of life. Recent research challenges the magnitude and even existence of this gap. However, due to methodological limitations, we know very little about the presence, magnitude, and settings in which there may be a word gap. Moreover, causal evidence is also limited. I highlight why it is critical for the field to have a more precise understanding of the nature of the word gap (or lack thereof) and potential avenues for better evaluating this phenomenon.
How to dissect the plasticity of antigen-specific immune response: a tissue perspective
Authors: Amodio D , Santilli V , Zangari P , Cotugno N , Manno E C , Rocca S , Rossi P , Cancrini C , Finocchi A , Chassiakos A , Petrovas C , Palma P 
Published: October 2019

SummaryGeneration of antigen-specific humoral responses following vaccination or infection requires the maturation and function of highly specialized immune cells in secondary lymphoid organs (SLO), such as lymph nodes or tonsils. Factors that orchestrate the dynamics of these cells are still poorly understood. Currently, experimental approaches that enable a detailed description of the function of the immune system in SLO have been mainly developed and optimized in animal models. Conversely, methodological approaches in humans are mainly based on the use of blood-associated material because of the challenging access to tissues. Indeed, only few studies in humans were able to provide a discrete description of the complex network of cytokines, chemokines and lymphocytes acting in tissues after antigenic challenge. Furthermore, even fewer data are currently available on the interaction occurring within the complex micro-architecture of the SLO. This information is crucial in order to design particular vaccination strategies, especially for patients affected by chronic and immune compromising medical conditions who are under-vaccinated or who respond poorly to immunizations. Analysis of immune cells in different human tissues by high-throughput technologies, able to obtain data ranging from gene signature to protein expression and cell phenotypes, is needed to dissect the peculiarity of each immune cell in a definite human tissue. The main aim of this review is to provide an in-depth description of the current available methodologies, proven evidence and future perspectives in the analysis of immune mechanisms following immunization or infections in SLO.
Estimating vocal fold stiffness: Using the relationship between subglottic pressure and fundamental frequency of phonation as an analog
Authors: Tseng Wen‐Hsuan , Chang Chi‐Chin , Yang Tsung‐Lin , Hsiao Tzu‐Yu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe stiffness of the vocal folds is an important factor in voice production, yet clinically applicable measurements are still lacking. It has been demonstrated in an in vivo canine model that fundamental frequency (F0) increased linearly as subglottic pressure (Ps) increased, but with a lesser slope for higher levels of vocal fold tension. In this study, the relationship between F0 and Ps was investigated using the airflow interruption method in awake patients non‐invasively.DesignHealthy volunteers enrolled for evaluation.SettingSingle‐centre.ParticipantsThirty‐three healthy volunteers aged 20 and older were recruited, with one excluded for a recent asthma attack.Main outcome measuresThe relationships between F0 and Ps, described as the slope (Hz/kPa), were investigated when the participants sustained voicing the vowel/o/at 3 incremental frequencies 4 semitones apart in the modal register (F1, F2 and F3).ResultsThirty‐two healthy volunteers (20 females, 12 males) aged 20‐47 years were enrolled for final analyses. There was a statistically significant difference in the slopes of the linear regression lines of F0‐Ps, depending on the frequency with which the vowel/o/ was produced (P < .001). The slope differed significantly between F2 and F1 (P < .001; P = .015), F3 and F1 (P < .001; P = .002) and F3 and F2 (P < .001; P = .005) for both women and men, respectively.ConclusionsIt was demonstrated that the higher the vocal fold tension, the smaller the slope between F0 and Ps. Using the relationship between F0 and Ps as an analog of vocal fold stiffness is potentially practical for clinical application.