bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reverberation Measurements of the Inner Radii of the Dust Tori in Quasars
Authors: Minezaki Takeo , Yoshii Yuzuru , Kobayashi Yukiyasu , Sugawara Shota , Sakata Yu , Enya Keigo , Koshida Shintaro , Tomita Hiroyuki , Suganuma Masahiro , Aoki Tsutomu , Peterson Bruce A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present the results of a dust-reverberation survey of quasars at redshifts z < 0.6. We found a delayed response of the K-band flux variation after the optical flux variation in 25 out of 31 targets, and obtained the lag time between them for 22 targets. Combined with the results for nearby Seyfert galaxies, we provide the largest homogeneous collection of K-band dust-reverberation data for 36 type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs). This doubles the sample and includes the most distant AGN and the largest lag so far measured. We estimated the optical luminosity of the AGN component of each target using three different methods: spectral decomposition, the flux-variation-gradient method, and image decomposition. We found a strong correlation between the reverberation radius for the innermost dust torus and the optical luminosity over a range of approximately four orders of magnitude in luminosity, as is already known for Seyfert galaxies. We estimated the luminosity distances of the AGNs based on their dust-reverberation lags, and found that the data in the redshift–distance diagram are consistent with the current standard estimates of the cosmological parameters. We also present the radius–luminosity relations for isotropic luminosity indicators such as the hard X-ray (14–195 keV), [O IV] 25.89 μm, and mid-infrared (12 μm) continuum luminosities, which are applicable to obscured AGNs.
The Nature of the Broadband X-Ray Variability in the Dwarf Seyfert Galaxy NGC 4395
Authors: Kammoun E. S. , Nardini E. , Zoghbi A. , Miller J. M. , Cackett E. M. , Gallo E. , Reynolds M. T. , Risaliti G. , Barret D. , Brandt W. N. , Brenneman L. W. , Kaastra J. S. , Koss M. , Lohfink A. M. , Mushotzky R. F. , Raymond J. , Stern D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present a flux-resolved X-ray analysis of the dwarf Seyfert 1.8 galaxy NGC 4395, based on three archival XMM-Newton and one archival NuSTAR observations. The source is known to harbor a low-mass black hole (

) and shows strong variability in the full X-ray range during these observations. We model the flux-resolved spectra of the source assuming three absorbing layers: neutral, mildly ionized, and highly ionized (

,

, and 3.8 × 1022 cm−2, respectively). The source also shows intrinsic variability by a factor of ∼3 on short timescales, which is due to changes in the nuclear flux, assumed to be a power law (Γ = 1.6–1.67). Our results show a positive correlation between the intrinsic flux and the absorbers’ ionization parameter. The covering fraction of the neutral absorber varies during the first XMM-Newton observation, which could explain the pronounced soft X-ray variability. However, the source remains fully covered by this layer during the other two observations, largely suppressing the soft X-ray variability. This suggests an inhomogeneous and layered structure in the broad-line region. We also find a difference in the characteristic timescale of the power spectra between different energy ranges and observations. We finally show simulated spectra with XRISM, eXTP, and Athena, which will allow us to characterize the different absorbers, study their dynamics, and will help us identify their locations and sizes.
Acinetobacter spp in a Third World Country with Socio-economic and Immigrants Challenges
Authors: Dandachi Iman , Azar Eid , Hamouch Ramzi , Maliha Peter , Abdallah Samah , Kanaan Elie , Badawi Rebecca , Khairallah Tamara , Matar Ghassan M , Daoud Ziad 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: In the last decade, Acinetobacter species have taken a major public health concern. This is mainly due the increased resistance to a wide range of antibiotics causing treatment challenges. In view of the constant population mobilization and the economic crisis that Lebanon is currently facing, it becomes a necessity to re-evaluate the real threat of Acinetobacter spp and its implication in the one health.
Methodology: This review was conducted through the analysis of 45 research papers and reports pertaining to Acinetobacter spp performed in Lebanon. More than 82% of the papers consulted were published in international journals and more than 70 percent of them had received impact factor.
Results: An in depth description of the involvement of this organism in human infection and its role as potential pathogen or simple colonizer was performed. In addition, the different aspects of resistance, mostly to carbapenems and colistin was studied and summarized. While in animals and environment, susceptible strains were mostly isolated, OXA-23/OXA-24 were predominant in humans. Recently, NDM-1 producing Acinetobacter spp was detected in a Syrian refugee which then was reported in Lebanese patients. The bacterial identification procedures are non-systematic and not always reliable in the Lebanese studies presenting sometimes discrepancies an inconsistency.
Conclusion: Acinetobacter is commonly isolated Lebanon. In view of the spread of resistance among these isolated and their dissemination, Infection control measures attempting to control the spread of this genus in and outside hospitals are lacking and thus require more attention and stewardship activities.
A glimpse of the bacteriome of Hyalomma dromedarii ticks infesting camels reveals human Helicobacter pylori pathogen
Authors: Elbir Haitham , Almathen Faisal , Alhumam Naser A 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: The tick Hyalomma dromedarii is predominant in camels of Saudi Arabia and harbor multiple pathogens causing disease in humans and animals. Knowing the bacterial community of ticks is crucial for surveillance of known and newly emerging pathogens. Yet, the bacteriome of H. dromedarii remain unexplored to date.
Methodology: In a cross-sectional survey, we used V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA to characterize the bacteriome of 62 whole H. dromedarii tick samples collected from camels found in Hofuf city in Saudi Arabia.
Results: Sequencing results yielded 217 species incorporated into 114 genera, which in turn belong to the dominant phylum Proteobacteria (98%) followed by Firmicutes (1.38%), Actinobacteria (0.36%), Bacteroidetes (0.17%), meanwhile the phyla Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and unclassified bacteria were rarely detected. Francisella endosymbiont dominated the bacteriome of H. dromedarii ticks with average abundance of 94.37% and together with Salincoccus sp. accounted for 94.51% of the average sequences. The remaining bacteriome consisted of low abundance of potential pathogens and environmental bacteria. Of these pathogens, we found Helicobacter pylori in the tick H. dromedarii for the first time. Notably, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Rickettsia pathogens known to be found in H. dromedarii ticks were not detected.
Conclusion: This first preliminary study advances our knowledge about the bacterial community of H. dromedarii ticks and provides a basis for pathogen surveillance and studying the influences of symbionts on vector competence. Presence of pathogens in ticks, raise concerns about potential transmission of these agents to humans or animals.
A new antibiotic stewardship program approach is effective on inappropriate surgical prophylaxis and discharge prescription
Authors: Karaali Cem , Emiroglu Mustafa , Atalay Sabri , Sert Ismail , Dursun Ayberk , Kose Sukran , Akbulut Gokhan , Aydın Cengiz 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a new antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) on surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SP) and antibiotics in discharge prescriptions used as a continuation of SP.
Methodology: The study included elective patients with clean and clean-contaminated wounds. The accuracy of the assigned SP was evaluated according to international guidelines. Primary outcome measures comprised appropriateness of prophylactic antibiotic indication, correct timing of initial dose, discontinuation of SP within 24 hours, and antibiotic prescription at discharge. A secondary outcome measure was to determine whether the effect of ASP was sustained long-term.
Results: The total compliance rate for all stages of SP increased from 8% to 52.1% after the intervention (p < 0.05). When analyzed according to individual SP components, it was found that although ASP did not change first dose timing rates, it did affect the rates of prophylactic antibiotic indication, discontinuation of SP within 24 hours and antibiotic prescription at discharge, with statistical significance (p < 0.05). In addition, ASP continued to increase its effectiveness throughout the 3rd year.
Conclusions: Based on the findings of our study, it seems clear that the modified ASP introduced in our general surgery clinic can be used effectively and simply; in addition, this ASP increases its efficacy with time.
Changer les rôles
Authors: Travis Charles , Ambroise Bruno , Jomat Anaïs , Roux Jeanne-Marie 
Published: December 2019

Entre 1892 et 1895, Frege écrit : « Les concepts ne peuvent jamais être dans les mêmes relations que les objets. Penser qu’ils le peuvent ne serait pas faux mais impossible ». Certains y voient quelque chose de romantique ou de mystérieux : la structure du sens serait manifeste, mais resterait indicible. Or, Frege s’est trompé. Au fond, il confond le catégoriel et le relationnel. Cet article cherche d’abord à comprendre les raisons de cette distinction, puis à expliquer la confusion qui en résulte.
L’objet intentionel au prisme de la grammaire chez E. Anscombe
Authors: Jomat Anaïs 
Published: December 2019

Si nous pouvons parler de (ou penser à ) ce qui n’existe pas, y a-t-il pourtant nécessairement quelque chose dont on parle (ou auquel on pense ) ? On reconnaît la question classique du statut des objets inexistants, telle qu’elle a été remise au goût du jour sous ses diverses formes par les théories de l’intentionalité. Cet article se propose de mettre en lumière une approche dite grammaticale , d’inspiration wittgensteinienne, du problème des objets intentionels, à partir des travaux de la philosophe britannique Elisabeth Anscombe. Faire passer les objets intentionels au crible de la grammaire , cela signifie mettre en évidence les limites – logiques – que le langage dicte à notre ontologie, tout en prenant garde de tracer ces limites depuis nos pratiques ordinaires, et non en amont de celles-ci.
La question de l’idéalisme linguistique
Authors: Anscombe Elizabeth , Aucouturier Valérie , Jomat Anaïs 
Published: December 2019

Dans cet article Elizabeth Anscombe s’attaque à l’objection suivant laquelle les remarques grammaticales de Wittgenstein – qui norment les usages et rejettent certaines formulations comme étant des non-sens – seraient arbitraires. Plus précisément, puisque Wittgenstein semble dire que le sens des mots et en particulier les règles de la grammaire dépendent de nous, les humains, et de nos pratiques et donc soutenir un certain idéalisme linguistique (suivant lequel les mots du langage créent les réalités qu’ils désignent) dans quelle mesure le sens des mots ou des signes n’est-il pas purement arbitraire ?
La RDA : « pays disparu », nation disparue ?
Authors: Offenstadt Nicolas 
Published: December 2019

Hérodote a interviewé Nicolas Offenstadt, auteur de Le Pays disparu. Sur les traces de la RDA . L’approche par la description du paysage contemporain de l’Allemagne de l’Est est très intéressante pour donner à comprendre ce que peut ressentir la population de l’ex-RDA : friches industrielles, bâtiments administratifs fermés, présence/absence de l’art et de l’architecture socialistes, etc. Pour l’auteur, en quarante ans, un monde commun s’est constitué et c’est précisément parce que cette nation a eu de la consistance qu’elle reste encore un enjeu aujourd’hui. Depuis la réunification un nouveau système politique et économique, celui de la RFA, est plaqué sur l’ex-RDA. C’est pourquoi certains emploient le vocabulaire de la « colonisation » pour analyser les années 1990. D’après Nicolas Offenstadt, ce qui a contribué aux succès de l’extrême droite dans les Länder de l’Est, ce sont les humiliations, le chômage, le sentiment de dévaluation... L’opposition Est-Ouest s’est en fait en bonne partie construite après le tournant de la réunification.
Le design pour le(s) vivant(s) : appréhender sans optimiser
Authors: Rigot Elise 
Published: December 2019

Quels espaces de création existe-t-il pour les designers qui souhaitent travailler avec les procédés de bio-fabrication ? Que ce soit dans l’attention aux opérations techniques ou la dé-couverte des imaginaires entourant les bio-artefacts, cet article invite les designers à porter un regard critique sur les bio-artefacts produits dans les laboratoires technoscientifiques. Nous y étudions en quoi le design peut opérer une conduite de la dé-couverte, allant dans le sens d’une authentification des techniques. Notre hypothèse est que le design, en portant un nouveau regard sur le faire technique, peut travailler à de nouvelles formes de bio-artefacts où le vivant ne sera pas réduit à une brique fonctionnelle, un optimum ou un modèle à copier.
L’éthique by design du numérique : généalogie d’un concept
Authors: Fischer Flora 
Published: December 2019

Cet article propose d’examiner l’émergence et la portée conceptuelle de l’expression d’« éthique by design » en contexte numérique, à la croisée de plusieurs champs disciplinaires. Les outils conceptuels des disciplines concernées nous permettront de donner une consistance intéressante à l’expression d’ « éthique by design », conjugués à une analyse linguistique de la locution « by design », dont le caractère plurivoque pourra renvoyer à la multiplicité des approches éthiques possibles, dans le contexte du design numérique. Cette recherche généalogique nous permettra de proposer une typologie de l’éthique by design en fonction de ses rattachements théoriques, entre une éthique de l’intention, anthropocentrée, une éthique par conception, centrée sur l’objet, et une éthique de la médiation, centrée sur la relation sujet-objet.
Atherectomy-assisted versus percutaneous angioplasty interventions for treatment of symptomatic infra-inguinal peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Abdullah Obai , Omran Jad , Al-Dadah Ashraf , Aggarwal Kul , Enezate Tariq 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionThe role of atherectomy (ATHERO) for the treatment of symptomatic infra-inguinal arterial lesions remains controversial. We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of atherectomy-assisted endovascular interventions in comparison with percutaneous angioplasty (PTA).Material and methodsA systematic search utilizing MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted for studies comparing ATHERO with PTA from February 1995 to May 2018. Only studies comparing ATHERO to PTA for symptomatic infra-inguinal disease were included. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the data and endpoints across studies. Study endpoints included vessel dissection, distal embolization, residual stenosis (> 30%), vessel patency at 6 months, target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 12 months and major amputation rates at 1, 6, and 12 months.ResultsA total of 2923 patients were included from 8 studies. PTA was associated with higher vessel dissection (OR = 4.00, 95% CI: 1.15–13.86) and lower 12-month major amputation rates (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.59–0.90). There was no significant difference between ATHERO and PTA groups in terms of distal embolization (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.04–4.63), residual stenosis (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.58–2.80), vessel patency at 6 months (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.50–3.22), TLR at 12 months (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.46–2.51), or limb amputation at 1 month (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.44–1.07) or 6 months (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 0.38–6.15).ConclusionsIn patients undergoing infra-inguinal endovascular interventions, PTA was associated with higher peri-procedural vessel dissection and lower 12-month major amputation rates. Both modalities were associated with similar distal embolization, residual stenosis, and 6-month vessel patency and amputation rates.
Non-O-blood types associated with higher risk of high-grade atrioventricular block
Authors: Acar Emrah , İzci Servet , Inanir Mehmet , Yılmaz Mehmet , Kılıçgedik Alev , Güler Yeliz , Izgi Ibrahim , Kirma Cevat 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionThe non-O phenotype of the ABO genotype has been linked with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Atrioventricular (AV) block (AVB) is defined as retardation or cessation in the route of an electrical impulse passing from the atria to the ventricles because of an anatomical or functional disruption in the conduction system. We aimed to interpret the association between blood group status and high-grade atrioventricular block (HAVB).Material and methodsThis study was implemented as a retrospective review of the recorded data of patients diagnosed with high-grade AV block and a control group. The study population consisted of 640 patients with HAVB and 570 control subjects.ResultsPresence of non-O blood group (p < 0.001) was significantly more prevalent in HAVB patients than in the control subjects. Blood group type was the sole independent predictor of HAVB in multiple regression analysis (p < 0.001, OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.08–1.57). Also, third-degree AVB had a higher incidence in the non-O blood subgroup and also non-O blood group was a predictor of third-degree AVB (p < 0.001, OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.13–1.69).The incidence of HAVB did not distinguish between the two Rh (D) groups. Rh (D) status did not have an impact on HAVB.ConclusionsThis is the first study that has evaluated the potential relationship between HAVB and ABO blood groups. The main finding of this report is that patients with non-O blood group types have a higher risk for development of HAVB compared with O blood group patients.
The necessity and development of a new modified scoring system for simultaneous detection of common bile duct stones in patients with planned laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Gülmez Selçuk , Kurt Necmi 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionCholedocholithiasis is one of the undesirable consequences of gallbladder stones. Identifying such patients before cholecystectomy will prevent biliary leakage which develops secondarily to stones in the common bile duct (CBD). Scoring systems can be useful for prevention of complications.Material and methodsA total of 201 patients with symptomatic cholecystolithiasis were prospectively evaluated with regards to stone presence in the CBD. These evaluations identified those patients suspected of having CBD stones. Parameters were established as clinically obstructive jaundice or acute cholangitis attack, biochemically abnormal liver functions tests (LFT), radiological identification of CBD stone or choledochal dilatation (> 8 mm) as revealed by ultrasonography (USG). Residual stone controls were conducted through abdominal USG and LFT in the 3rd and 6th postoperative months. The patients’ physical examinations were routinely conducted at each follow-up. Patients with common bile duct stones and those without were statistically compared as per the following data: age, sex, cholangitis, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol, triglyceride, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, CBD stone presence and choledochal size as revealed by USG.ResultsThe parameters of our scoring system were: choledocholithiasis and choledochal dilatation in USG, total and direct bilirubin elevation, cholangitis episode in the last month, elevated AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, age ≥ 55 and TG level. Twenty-seven patients had choledocholithiasis. With this scoring system, the minimum score required for preoperative ERCP was 9. The rate of simultaneous CBD stones was 13.4%.ConclusionsSelective cholangiography that uses this scoring system brings about more cost utility than that of its routine performance.
Downregulation of long noncoding RNA CASC15 inhibits progression, migration and invasion of papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Li Xiaoyu , Shen Wei , Zhang Linlei , Zhao Suyuan , Wang Bo , Zhang Shanshan , Li Qinghuai 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionThyroid cancers are the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. Increasing evidence has suggested potential roles for cancer susceptibility candidate 15 (CASC15) in thyroid cancer. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) accounts for 80% of thyroid cancer, posing a great threat to public health. The present study aims to investigate the potential roles of CASC15 in PTC.Material and methodsPTC tissues were obtained from patients diagnosed with PTC at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from October 2016 to January 2018. qRT-PCR was performed to examine the mRNA levels of CASC15, Bcl-2/BAX, E-cadherin, caspase-3, and PI3K/AKT. Western blotting was applied to determine the protein levels of PI3K/AKT, CASC15, E-cadherin, BAX, Bcl-2 and caspase-3. CCK-8 assays were used to determine the viability of BCPAP and K1 cancer cells. Wound healing and transwell assays were conducted to evaluate the migration and invasion abilities of BCPAP and K1 cells.ResultsThe results showed that CASC15 was upregulated in thyroid cancer tissues. Moreover, CASC15 in BCPAP and K1 was decreased by CASC15 siRNA. The progression, migration and invasion of BCPAP cells were significantly decreased after transfection with CASC15 siRNA, which was consistent with that in K1 cells. Furthermore, CASC15 siRNA treatment decreased the level of Bcl-2, and PI3K/AKT, and increased the expression of E-cadherin, BAX, and caspase-3.ConclusionsDownregulated CASC15 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of thyroid cancer. Therefore, CASC15 may be an oncogene in thyroid cancer and may serve as a target marker for the treatment of thyroid cancer.
The mediating role of self-care activities in the stress-burnout relationship
Authors: Hricová Monika 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundHelping professionals suffer from a number of health and psychological difficulties resulting from their occupa-tion. In the field of helping professions, the demand for understanding the predictors of burnout has been rapid-ly emerging. The aim of this study is to analyse and identify the possible mediators between stress and the three factors of burnout in a specific sample of helping professionals.Participants and procedureHelpers (N = 698; 618 women) were randomly selected from institutions in 8 districts in Slovakia. The sample comprised social workers (n = 188); residential care providers (n = 191); ergotherapists (n = 97); providers of physical and psychological care (nurses, physiotherapists, psychologist and psychotherapists; n = 222). They described their levels of perceived stress, risk of burnout (in three factors: emotional exhaustion, depersonali-sation, and personal accomplishment) and performed self-care activities in self-reported questionnaires.ResultsThe relationship between stress and emotional exhaustion was mediated by health self-care. In comparison, the relationship between stress and depersonalisation was mediated by psychological self-care. The relation-ship between stress and personal accomplishment was mediated by both psychological and professional self-care.ConclusionsWhen helping professionals have initial symptoms of burnout in the form of emotional exhaustion, concentrat-ing on health self-care activities could be helpful. Performing health, psychological and professional self-care activities may prevent further development of burnout in times of high stress.