bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure detection‐less approach for wide sustained operation of MPPT based stand‐alone solar photovoltaic system during failure/disconnection of battery
Authors: Gayen Pritam K. , Saha Satyajit 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBatteries play an important role in stand‐alone two‐stage converter (boost converter and inverter) based solar photovoltaic (SPV) systems. Here, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) operation of a stand‐alone solar system is carried out with the usage of a battery by absorbing excess solar power. Nevertheless, instability (abnormal rise of DC link voltage) can appear during the real‐time operation of the battery‐based solar energy conversion system due to the action of the MPPT controller, if a sudden battery breakdown happens. In this respect, a failure detection‐less solution is proposed. The suggested strategy restricts operation of the MPPT and helps to settle the output power of the SPV at non‐maximum level on its P‐V curve as per necessity. Thus, voltage instability at DC bus (link between boost converter and three‐phase voltage source inverter [VSI]) is prevented. Here, the bus voltage can be kept within a predefined upper and lower limit. The limits are decided accordingly to the SPV characteristics. Simultaneously, the required load powers (both active and reactive portions) are supported by the VSI. In the proposed strategy, the output of the MPPT algorithm is restricted by adopting a saturation limit for a certain duty ratio. The critical task is to find the value of the saturation limit, as the limit supports all‐time operations (it allows desired performances under all maximum power situations and avoids instability under all non‐maximum operating conditions). The procedure of determining the limit is thoroughly described. The conventional approach uses a failure detection‐based separate control algorithm. At the same time, the proposed concept does not require a separate algorithm. The suggested concept is validated via a MATLAB‐SIMULINK‐based simulation study and down‐scaled experimental set
up.
Assessing biological factors affecting postspeciation introgression
Authors: Hamlin Jennafer A. P. , Hibbins Mark S. , Moyle Leonie C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn increasing number of phylogenomic studies have documented a clear “footprint” of postspeciation introgression among closely related species. Nonetheless, systematic genome-wide studies of factors that determine the likelihood of introgression remain rare. Here, we propose an a priori hypothesis-testing framework that uses introgression statistics—including a new metric of estimated introgression, Dp—to evaluate general patterns of introgression prevalence and direction across multiple closely related species. We demonstrate this approach using whole genome sequences from 32 lineages in 11 wild tomato species to assess the effect of three factors on introgression—genetic relatedness, geographical proximity, and mating system differences—based on multiple trios within the “ABBA–BABA” test. Our analyses suggest each factor affects the prevalence of introgression, although our power to detect these is limited by the number of comparisons currently available. We find that of 14 species pairs with geographically “proximate” versus “distant” population comparisons, 13 showed evidence of introgression; in 10 of these cases, this was more prevalent between geographically closer populations. We also find modest evidence that introgression declines with increasing genetic divergence between lineages, is more prevalent between lineages that share the same mating system, and—when it does occur between mating systems—tends to involve gene flow from more inbreeding to more outbreeding lineages. Although our analysis indicates that recent postspeciation introgression is frequent in this group—detected in 15 of 17 tested trios—estimated levels of genetic exchange are modest (0.2–2.5% of the genome), so the relative importance of hybridization in shaping the evolutionary trajectories of these species could be limited. Regardless, similar clade-wide analyses of genomic introgression would be valuable for disentangling the major ecological, reproductive, and historical determinants of postspeciation gene flow, and for assessing the relative contribution of introgression as a source of genetic variation.
Nondestructive classification of saffron using color and textural analysis
Authors: Mohamadzadeh Moghadam Morteza , Taghizadeh Masoud , Sadrnia Hassan , Pourreza Hamid Reza 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSaffron classification based on machine vision techniques as well as the expert's opinion is an objective and nondestructive method that can increase the accuracy of this process in real applications. The experts in Iran classify saffron into three classes Pushal, Negin, and Sargol based on apparent characteristics. Four hundred and forty color images from saffron for the three different classes were acquired, using a mobile phone camera. Twenty‐one color features and 99 textural features were extracted using image analysis. Twenty‐two classifiers were employed for classification using mentioned features. The support vector machine and Ensemble classifiers were better than other classifiers. Our results showed that the mean classification accuracy was up to 83.9% using the Quadratic support vector machine and Subspace Discriminant classifier.
The effects of A1/A2 astrocytes on oligodendrocyte linage cells against white matter injury under prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion
Authors: Miyamoto Nobukazu , Magami Shunsuke , Inaba Toshiki , Ueno Yuji , Hira Kenichiro , Kijima Chikage , Nakajima Sho , Yamashiro Kazuo , Urabe Takao , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAs oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are vulnerable to ischemia, their differentiation to oligodendrocytes (OLG) is impaired in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Astrocyte–OLG interaction is important for white matter homeostasis. Recently, reactive astrocytes were separated into two types, A1 (cytotoxic) and A2 (neurotrophic). However, their role in prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion remains unclear. We analyzed the effects of interaction between A1–A2 astrocytes and OPC–OLG under hypoperfusion, focusing on mitochondrial migration. As an in vivo model, chronic hypoperfusion model mice were created by bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) using microcoils. As a matching in vitro study, rat primary cells were cocultured with a nonlethal concentration of CoCl2. At 28 days after hypoperfusion, the number of OPC and astrocytes increased, whereas that of OLG decreased. Increased astrocytes were mainly A1‐like astrocytes; however, the number of A2‐like type decreased. In cell culture, OPC differentiation was interrupted under mimic chronic ischemia, but improved after astrocyte‐conditioned medium (ACM) was added. However, injured‐ACM was unable to improve OPC maturation. Incubation with CoCl2 changed astrocytes from A2‐like to A1‐like, and mitochondrial migration was also reduced. A Trkβ agonist was able to maintain astrocytes from A1‐like to A2‐like even under hyperperfused conditions, and aided in OPC maturation and memory impairment via mitochondrial migration and drug effects in cell culture study and BCAS model. The reduction of A1‐like astrocytes protects against white matter injury. Trkβ agonists may play an important role in the impairment under chronic ischemic conditions. Mitochondrial migration may be a broad therapeutic strategy for cerebrovascular diseases.Main pointsProlonged cerebral hypoperfusion leads to impaired oligodendrocyte (OLG) maturation and increased numbers of A1 astrocytes. Mitochondria migration maintained A2 astrocyte morphology, mature OLG, and myelinated white matter in vivo/vitro.
Similarity solution of three‐dimensional MHD radiative Casson nanofluid motion over a stretching surface with chemical and diffusion‐thermo effects
Authors: Rao Pentyala Srinivasa , Prakash Om , Mishra Satya R. , Sharma Ram Prakash 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, we analyzed three‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamic non‐Newtonian and Newtonian fluid motion, transfer of heat and mass over a stretching surface with Brownian flow, thermophoresis, and Dufour effects. By Runge‐Kutta based shooting method, the transformed governing equations are solved numerically. With the facilitate of tables and graphs, momentum, energy and mass profiles along with the skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are analyzed in the influence of nondimensional parameters. It is established that enhance the stretching ratio parameter improves the energy and concentration transfer rate. The transfer of energy and concentration rate in the Newtonian fluid is relatively low while compared with non‐Newtonian fluid.
MicroRNA profiles in plasma samples from young metabolically healthy obese patients and miRNA‐21 are associated with diastolic dysfunction via TGF‐β1/Smad pathway
Authors: Yang Pengkang , Dong Xin , Zhang Yuyang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundMetabolically healthy obese patients accounts for a large part of obese population, but its clinical significance and cardiac dysfunction are often underestimated. The microRNA profiles of metabolically healthy obese patients were investigated in the study, and the selected microRNA (miRNA) based on our microarray assay will be further verified in a relatively large metabolically healthy obese population.MethodsmicroRNA microarray was performed from six metabolically healthy obese and 6 health control blood samples. Based on the bioinformatics analysis, we further measured RT‐PCR, fibrosis markers, echocardiograms, and TGF‐β1/Smad signaling pathway in 600 metabolically healthy obese population.ResultsWe found that miRNAs expression characteristics in metabolically healthy obese groups were markedly different from healthy control group. MiRNA‐21 was significantly increased in the samples of metabolically healthy obese patients. Besides, miRNA‐21 levels were associated with cardiac fibrosis marker. Meanwhile, higher miRNA‐21 levels were related to elevated E/E′. Besides, patients with the highest miRNA‐21 quartile showed the lowest ratio of E/A. These associations between miRNA‐21 and diastolic function parameters were independent of obesity and other confounding variables. Of note, TGF‐β1and Smad 3 were significantly upregulated while Smad 7 was downregulated according to the miRNA‐21 quartiles in metabolically healthy obese group.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the profiles of circulating microRNAs in metabolically healthy obese patients. Increased plasma miRNA‐21 levels were related to impaired diastolic function independent of other relevant confounding variables. MiRNA‐21 could be one of the mechanistic links between obesity and diastolic dysfunction through regulating cardiac fibrosis via TGF‐β1/Smad signaling pathway in obese hearts, which may serve as a novel target of disease intervention.
Tissue‐Specific T2* Biomarkers in Patellar Tendinopathy by Subregional Quantification Using 3D Ultrashort Echo Time MRI
Authors: Breda Stephan J. , Poot Dirk H.J. , Papp Dorottya , de Vries Bas A. , Kotek Gyula , Krestin Gabriel P. , Hernández‐Tamames Juan A. , de Vos Robert‐Jan , Oei Edwin H.G. 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundQuantitative MRI of patellar tendinopathy (PT) can be challenging due to spatial variation of T2* relaxation times.Purpose1) To compare T2* quantification using a standard approach with analysis in specific tissue compartments of the patellar tendon. 2) To evaluate test–retest reliability of different methods for fitting ultrashort echo time (UTE)‐relaxometry data.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsSixty‐five athletes with PT.Field Strength/Sequence3D UTE scans covering the patellar tendon were acquired using a 3.0T scanner and a 16‐channel surface coil.AssessmentVoxelwise median T2* was quantified with monoexponential, fractional‐order, and biexponential fitting. We applied two methods for T2* analysis: first, a standard approach by analyzing all voxels covering the proximal patellar tendon. Second, within subregions of the patellar tendon, by using thresholds on biexponential fitting parameter percentage short T2* (0–30% for mostly long T2*, 30–60% for mixed T2*, and 60–100% for mostly short T2*).Statistical TestsAverage test–retest reliability was assessed in three athletes using coefficients‐of‐variation (CV) and coefficients‐of‐repeatability (CR).ResultsWith standard image analysis, we found a median [interquartile range, IQR] monoexponential T2* of 6.43 msec [4.32–8.55] and fractional order T2* 4.39 msec [3.06–5.78]. The percentage of short T2* components was 52.9% [35.5–69.6]. Subregional monoexponential T2* was 13.78 msec [12.11–16.46], 7.65 msec [6.49–8.61], and 3.05 msec [2.52–3.60] and fractional order T2* 11.82 msec [10.09–14.44], 5.14 msec [4.25–5.96], and 2.19 msec [1.82–2.64] for 0–30%, 30–60%, and 60–100% short T2*, respectively. Biexponential component short T2* was 1.693 msec [1.417–2.003] for tissue with mostly short T2* and long T2* of 15.79 msec [13.47–18.61] for mostly long T2*. The average CR (CV) was 2 msec (15%), 2 msec (19%) and 10% (22%) for monoexponential, fractional order and percentage short T2*, respectively.Data ConclusionPatellar tendinopathy is characterized by regional variability in binding states of water. Quantitative multicompartment T2* analysis in PT can be facilitated using a voxel selection method based on using biexponential fitting parameters.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:420–430.
The influence of Lake Erie on changes in temperature and frost dates
Authors: Dobson Kara C. , Beaty Lynne E. , Rutter Michael A. , Hed Bryan , Campbell Michael A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change is affecting virtually all ecosystems across the globe. Some of the noticeable effects of the changing climate are the shifting of frost dates in the fall and spring, and how warm temperatures are distributed throughout the year. The degree to which an ecosystem is affected by these changes depends upon many factors, including where the ecosystem is located and what regional variabilities in climate surround that ecosystem. One ecosystem that experiences a unique microclimate is the region surrounding Lake Erie, the southernmost Laurentian Great Lake. Using historic climate data dating from 1948 to 2017, we set out to determine how changes in temperature and frost dates differ between the coastal and inland regions of the southern coast of Lake Erie, and to hypothesize as to why these effects may be occurring differently between these regions. We found that, for both coastal and inland regions, the first frost in the fall has begun later, while the last frost in the spring has begun earlier, leading to both regions experiencing longer frost‐free seasons. However, although both regions have experienced these shifts, the rate at which these shifts occurred differed between the coastal and inland regions. The average date that the frost events occurred also differs between the two regions. It was also found that average temperatures have been increasing for each region, primarily in coastal regions, due to increased minimum temperatures over time. The results from this study highlight the importance of regional climate variability in large‐scale climatic studies.
South China Sea summer monsoon withdrawal and the synoptic‐scale wave train over the western North Pacific
Authors: Hu Peng , Huangfu Jingliang , Chen Wen , Huang Ronghui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBased on NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data (1951–2016), this study focuses on the in‐phase relationship between the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) withdrawal date and the strength of the synoptic‐scale wave train. The synoptic‐scale wave train during early autumn, which features northwest–southeast‐oriented cyclonic and anticyclonic anomalies, is the dominant synoptic mode over the tropical western North Pacific (WNP). The synoptic‐scale wave train is observed to be significantly strengthened (depressed) during the late (early) SCSSM withdrawal years. Concurrent with the late SCSSM withdrawal, the monsoon trough remains stronger than that in the early withdrawal years. The anomalous low‐level cyclone over the South China Sea favours the barotropic energy conversion from the mean flow to synoptic‐scale eddies. Moreover, the anomalous easterly wind shear over the SCS and the increased moisture over the tropical WNP provide a favourable environment for the development of the synoptic‐scale wave train. This study interprets the inner dynamics of tropic atmospheric activity based on a wave perspective. These results may suggest that synoptic‐scale wave train‐related tropical cyclone activity and precipitation are enhanced in the late SCSSM withdrawal years.
Are the autocorrelation structures of the hemispheric‐mean temperatures significantly different?
Authors: Triacca Alessandro , Triacca Umberto 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article, the time series of the North Hemispheric and South Hemispheric temperature anomalies are examined. Our results suggest that there is no evidence of any difference in the autocorrelation structure of the two hemispheric temperatures. They have the same second‐order dynamics. It is important to stress that this finding has been established using not a descriptive method but an inferential procedure.
Climate change impacts on viticulture in Croatia: Viticultural zoning and future potential
Authors: Omazić Branimir , Telišman Prtenjak Maja , Prša Ivan , Belušić Vozila Andreina , Vučetić Višnja , Karoglan Marko , Karoglan Kontić Jasminka , Prša Željka , Anić Marina , Šimon Silvio , Güttler Ivan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSince changes in temperature and precipitation have different effects on (a) all developmental stages of grapevines in most of the wine regions worldwide (i.e., on their phenological characteristics) and (b) different varieties, a comprehensive database of bioclimatic indices has been calculated and analysed for Croatian wine producing regions. The database consists of the average growing season temperature, growing degree‐days, Huglin index, dryness index and cool night index that are based on all available meteorological measurements as well as the outputs of regional climate models (RCMs) from the EURO‐CORDEX database. The horizontal grid spacing of 0.11° from the RCM ensembles enabled a fine‐scale determination of bioclimatic indices for the present and future climate in Croatia. In addition, statistical analyses (standard statistical parameters and Bayesian method) were carried out to examine trends in sugar content, total acidity and date of harvest. Calculations were performed for the present and future climate on the basis of data from seven selected vineyards/wineries and four varieties (‘Graševina’, ‘Plavac mali’, ‘Chardonnay’ and ‘Merlot’). The results show whether the part of Croatia that is suitable for grape cultivation in the present climate will continue to be favourable in the future within the Mediterranean area. In general, projections suggest further warming and drying of the climate in Croatia and an earlier harvest, with some variations among varieties that show latitude dependence. Projections for the future climate also suggest that the existing viticultural zoning will be much less adequate for the Croatian territory because it reduces the economically sustainable production of wine in certain areas.
Obtaining glycoconjugates of marine origin via Maillard reaction and their cytotoxic effect: an alternative for the use of animal byproducts
Authors: Mondaca‐Navarro Blanca Areli , Torres‐Arreola Wilfrido , Ávila‐Villa Luz Angélica , Villa‐Lerma Alma Guadalupe , Hernández‐Mendoza Adrián , Wall‐Medrano Abraham , Ramírez Roberto Rodríguez 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDProtein glycation by Maillard reaction is commonly used to improve the functional and bioactive properties of food proteins. It is also known that this glycation method can be accelerated by heat without the need for chemical reagents that could be harmful to health. In this study, glycoconjugates were obtained from a mixture of connective tissue proteins (CTP) from jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) and two different sugars, dextran (DEX; 10 kDa) and glucose (GLU), using protein‐to‐carbohydrate ratios of 1:2 and 1:3, in solution at 50 °C for 6 h. The glycation products were characterized by means of their physicochemical properties and cytotoxic effect.RESULTSThe intensity of the browning measured at A420nm and A294nm in glycoconjugates showed no significant difference (P < 0.05). CTP‐DEX (1:2) and CTP‐DEX (1:3) were those products with the greatest fluorescence related to the intermediate stage in the Maillard reaction, and also with the highest degree of glycation, which was confirmed using o‐phthaldialdehyde assay and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The values of cellular viability for CTP‐GLU (1:3), CTP‐DEX (1:2, 1:3) as well as CTP (0, 6 h) were around 92–103%.CONCLUSIONSThe operational parameters used in the glycation process achieved the formation of glycoconjugates from proteins of D. gigas, showing no cytotoxic effect on the HaCaT cell line. This research proposes an alternative for the modification of proteins and opens the way to future investigations regarding the bioactivity of these macromolecules to have applications for the use of byproducts in food science and technology. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Models for the rapid assessment of water and oil content in olive pomace by near‐infrared spectrometry
Authors: Altieri Giuseppe , Matera Attilio , Genovese Francesco , Di Renzo Giovanni Carlo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe measurement of the water and oil content in olive pomace is crucial for controlling the olive‐oil extraction process. The use of near‐infrared (NIR) spectra could allow the measurement of the oil and water content in olive pomace.RESULTSPartial least squares for pomace oil content on a dry basis reached an error of 2.5% (±0.5). Principal component regression for pomace oil content on a wet basis reached an error of 3.7% (±0.5). Both were suitable for quantitative analysis. Principal component regression for pomace water content reached an error of 6.0% (±2.3), suitable for process control. The relationship between ‘ratio of standard deviation of calibration data to standard error of prediction data’ and ‘range of confident prediction error percentage’ was investigated, it results of hyperbolic type, the constant of the hyperbolic equation depends on the product under analysis: for the olive pomace this constant is equal to 45.60 (±1.78).CONCLUSIONNear‐infrared analysis confirmed the possibility of determining the oil and water content in the olive pomace, which is important in the olive oil extraction process control. A new algorithm was used, together with standard statistical algorithms, to identify and remove the less useful wavelengths from the model, improving the overall prediction performance. A new parameter (the ‘range of confident prediction error percentage’) has been proposed for estimating the model's prediction error in an objective way. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry