bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteolytic activity of Vibrio harveyi YeaZ is related with resuscitation on the viable but non-culturable state
Authors: Zhao R. , Chen J. , Wang Y. , Li Y. , Kong X. , Han Y. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

The YeaZ protein of Vibrio harveyi was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The purified recombinant protein YeaZ exhibited the protease activity. The proteolytic activities with azocasein as substrate were 39 130 U mg−1. The mutation of the amino acid in active sites such as Asp88, Ser185 and Trp169 was performed. The enzyme activities of the purified mutant proteins with Asp88-Ala, Ser185-Leu and Trp169-Glu were decreased to 24·28, 35·27 and 41·66%, respectively. The mutant protein with two amino acid residues (Asp88-Ala/Ser185-Leu) lost the protease activity completely. Addition of the purified recombinant YeaZ increased resuscitation of the viable but non-culturable state (VBNC) cells to culturable state, and the culturable cell count increased from 1·35 × 102 to 3·10 × 106 CFU per ml. While addition of the mutant YeaZ without protease activities did not show obvious promoting effect on resuscitation of VBNC cells. Moreover, the purified YeaZ also showed lower muralytic activity, and the activities of proteins with single amino acids mutation (Thr71 and Asp112) were reduced from 7·05 to 4·75 and 2·50 U mg−1, the resuscitation-promoting effect on VBNC cells was not affected by these mutant proteins. These results implied that resuscitation-promoting effect of YeaZ on VBNC cell was partly related to its protease activities, but not with the muralytic activity.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Vibrio harveyi is a major pathogen of marine animals. The bacterium could enter into a viable but non-culturable state (VBNC) state when exposed to harsh conditions, and retains its pathogenicity after resuscitation. In this work, we analysed the enzyme activities of a resuscitation-promoting factor YeaZ and the relationship of protease activities with its promoting effect on the resuscitation of VBNC cells. The results partly revealed the promoting mechanism of the YeaZ on the bacterial resuscitation from VBNC state. The protein could be used as a new drug target and vaccine candidate.
Chalmers v Chalmers*
Authors: Stoljar Daniel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper brings out an inconsistency between David Chalmers's dualism, which is the main element of his philosophy of mind, and his structuralism, which is the main element of his epistemology. The point isad hominem, but the inconsistency if it can be established is of considerable independent interest. For the best response to the inconsistency, I argue, is to adopt what Chalmers calls ‘type‐C Materialism’, a version of materialism that has been much discussed in recent times because of its promise to move us beyond the stand‐off between standard versions of materialism and dualism. In turn, if that version of materialism is true,bothdualismandstructuralism should be rejected.
Drifting Further Apart? How Exposure to Media Portrayals of Muslims Affects Attitude Polarization
Authors: Schmuck Desirée , Heiss Raffael , Matthes Jörg 
Published: April 2020

Political discourses about Muslim immigration in the media and on social networking sites (SNSs) are highly contentious and have the potential to further polarize societal segments, which may ultimately harm democratic processes. Especially on SNSs, politicians and citizens can circumvent journalistic filters often resulting in blatant and emotionally charged content. Using a two‐wave panel design (N = 559), we investigated how positive and negative portrayals of Muslims in traditional media outlets and on SNSs influence anti‐Muslim immigration attitudes among people who either agree or disagree with the encountered information. Our findings indicate that exposure to negative portrayals further reinforces anti‐Muslim immigration attitudes among those who agree with the encountered information. In contrast, for those who disagree with the negative information, a backfire effect emerges, showing that anti‐Muslim attitudes even decrease. This effect occurs for both SNSs and traditional media. Positive information about Muslims did not result in attitude polarization.
Modeling Undetected Live Poliovirus Circulation After Apparent Interruption of Transmission: Borno and Yobe in Northeast Nigeria
Authors: Kalkowska Dominika A. , Thompson Kimberly M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSilent circulation of polioviruses complicates the polio endgame by affecting the confidence with which we can certify successful eradication (i.e., the end of transmission everywhere) given a long enough period of time with active surveillance and no observed detections. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative continues to use three years without observing paralytic cases caused by wild poliovirus (WPV) infection as an indication of sufficient confidence that poliovirus circulation stopped (assuming good surveillance). Prior modeling demonstrated the complexities of real populations and the imperfect nature of real surveillance systems, and highlighted the need for modeling the specific last reservoirs of undetected circulation. We use a poliovirus transmission model developed for Borno and Yobe to characterize the probability of undetected poliovirus circulation once apparent die‐out occurs (i.e., in the absence of epidemiological signals) for WPV serotypes 1 and 3. Specifically, we convert the model to a stochastic form that supports estimates of confidence about no circulation given the time since the last detected event and considering the quality of both immunization and surveillance activities for these states. We find high confidence of no WPV3 circulation, and increasing confidence of WPV1 circulation, which we anticipate will imply high confidence in the absence of any detected cases in mid‐2020 so long as Borno and Yobe maintain similar or achieve improved conditions. Our results confirm that gaps in poliovirus surveillance or reaching elimination with borderline sufficient population immunity can substantially increase the time to reach a high confidence about no undetected poliovirus transmission.
Neuronal hypertrophy dampens neuronal intrinsic excitability and stress responsiveness during chronic stress
Authors: Matovic Sara , Ichiyama Aoi , Igarashi Hiroyuki , Salter Eric W. , Sunstrum Julia K. , Wang Xue Fan , Henry Mathilde , Kuebler Eric S. , Vernoux Nathalie , Martinez‐Trujillo Julio , Tremblay Marie‐Eve , Inoue Wataru 
Published: April 2020

Key points
The hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis habituates to repeated stress exposure.
We studied hypothalamic corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) neurons that form the apex of the HPA axis in a mouse model of stress habituation using repeated restraint.
The intrinsic excitability of CRH neurons decreased after repeated stress in a time course that coincided with the development of HPA axis habituation.
This intrinsic excitability plasticity co‐developed with an expansion of surface membrane area, which increased a passive electric load and dampened membrane depolarization in response to the influx of positive charge.
We report a novel structure–function relationship for intrinsic excitability plasticity as a neural correlate for HPA axis habituation.
AbstractEncountering a stressor immediately activates the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis, but this stereotypic stress response also undergoes experience‐dependent adaptation. Despite the biological and clinical importance, how the brain adjusts stress responsiveness in the long term remains poorly understood. We studied hypothalamic corticotropin‐releasing hormone neurons that form the apex of the HPA axis in a mouse model of stress habituation using repeated restraint. Using patch‐clamp electrophysiology in acute slices, we found that the intrinsic excitability of these neurons substantially decreased after daily repeated stress in a time course that coincided with their loss of stress responsiveness in vivo. This intrinsic excitability plasticity co‐developed with an expansion of surface membrane area, which increased a passive electric load, and dampened membrane depolarization in response to the influx of positive charge. Multiphoton imaging and electron microscopy revealed that repeated stress augmented ruffling of the plasma membrane, suggesting an ultrastructural plasticity that may efficiently accommodate the membrane area expansion. Overall, we report a novel structure–function relationship for intrinsic excitability plasticity as a neural correlate for adaptation of the neuroendocrine stress response.
Observer-Based Deconvolution of Deterministic Input in Coprime Multichannel Systems With Its Application to Noninvasive Central Blood Pressure Monitoring
Authors: Ghasemi Zahra , Jeon Woongsun , Kim Chang-Sei , Gupta Anuj , Rajamani Rajesh , Hahn Jin-Oh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Estimating central aortic blood pressure (BP) is important for cardiovascular (CV) health and risk prediction purposes. CV system is a multichannel dynamical system that yields multiple BPs at various body sites in response to central aortic BP. This paper concerns the development and analysis of an observer-based approach to deconvolution of unknown input in a class of coprime multichannel systems applicable to noninvasive estimation of central aortic BP. A multichannel system yields multiple outputs in response to a common input. Hence, the relationship between any pair of two outputs constitutes a hypothetical input–output system with unknown input embedded as a state. The central idea underlying our approach is to derive the unknown input by designing an observer for the hypothetical input–output system. In this paper, we developed an unknown input observer (UIO) for input deconvolution in coprime multichannel systems. We provided a universal design algorithm as well as meaningful physical insights and inherent performance limitations associated with the algorithm. The validity and potential of our approach were illustrated using a case study of estimating central aortic BP waveform from two noninvasively acquired peripheral arterial pulse waveforms. The UIO could reduce the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) associated with the central aortic BP by up to 27.5% and 28.8% against conventional inverse filtering (IF) and peripheral arterial pulse scaling techniques.
Elevation gaps in fluvial sandbar deposition and their implications for paleodepth estimation
Authors: Alexander Jason S. , McElroy Brandon J. , Huzurbazar Snehalata , Murr Marissa L. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Accurate estimation of paleo–streamflow depth from outcrop is important for estimation of channel slopes, water discharges, sediment fluxes, and basin sizes of ancient river systems. Bar-scale inclined strata deposited from slipface avalanching on fluvial bar margins are assumed to be indicators of paleodepth insofar as their thickness approaches but does not exceed formative flow depths. We employed a unique, large data set from a prolonged bank-filling flood in the sandy, braided Missouri River (USA) to examine scaling between slipface height and measures of river depth during the flood. The analyses demonstrated that the most frequent slipface height observations underestimate study-reach mean flow depth at peak stage by a factor of 3, but maximum values are approximately equal to mean flow depth. At least 70% of the error is accounted for by the difference between slipface base elevation and mean bed elevation, while the difference between crest elevation and water surface accounts for ∼30%. Our analysis provides a scaling for bar-scale inclined strata formed by avalanching and suggests risk of systematic bias in paleodepth estimation if mean thickness measurements of these deposits are equated to mean bankfull depth.
Multiple veining in a paleo–accretionary wedge: The metamorphic rock record of prograde dehydration and transient high pore-fluid pressures along the subduction interface (Western Series, central Chile)
Authors: Muñoz-Montecinos Jesús , Angiboust Samuel , Cambeses Aitor , García-Casco Antonio 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
High pressure–low temperature metamorphic rocks from the late Paleozoic accretionary wedge exposed in central Chile (Pichilemu region) are characterized by a greenschist-blueschist lithological association with interbedded metasediments that reached peak burial conditions of ∼400 °C and 0.8 GPa during late Carboniferous times. We herein combine new extensive field observations, structural measurements, and geochemical and petrological data on vein and matrix material from Pichilemu transitional greenschist-blueschist facies rocks. The studied veins were first filled by albite, followed by quartz and calcite as well as glaucophane and winchite. Field, structural, and microscopic zoning patterns show that these rocks underwent a protracted sequence of prograde vein-opening events, which have been largely transposed to the main foliation before and during underplating in the basal accretion site near 25–30 km depth. While some of the earliest albite-filled vein sets may have formed after prograde breakdown of sub–greenschist facies minerals (&lt;250 °C), our thermodynamic modeling shows that relatively minor amounts of fluid are produced in the subducted pile by dehydration reactions between 250 and 400 °C along the estimated geothermal gradient. It also confirms that the formation of interlayered blueschist and greenschist layers in Pichilemu metavolcanics is a consequence of local bulk composition variations, and that greenschists are generally not formed due to selective exhumation-related retrogression of blueschists. The early vein sets are a consequence of prograde internal fluid production followed by sets of hydrofractures formed at near-peak burial that are interpreted as a record of external fluid influx. We postulate that such a fractured sequence represents a close analogue to the high-Vp/Vs regions documented by seismological studies within the base of the seismogenic zone in active subduction settings.
Pregnancy outcomes in women with onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus less than 18 years of age
Authors: Stone Roy Gavin , Scully Paul , Troy Emma , Moloney Yvonne , Quinn Anne , Noctor Eoin , Neylon Orla , Slevin John , Murphy Annemarie , O'Gorman Clodagh 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundPregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations, obstetric complications and neonatal morbidity. This study aims to investigate maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancies in women with onset of T1DM less than 18 years of age.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study extracted data regarding prenatal, intrapartum and postnatal outcomes of pregnancies in women with onset of T1DM<18 years identified from the diabetes in pregnancy register at University Maternity Hospital Limerick, treated from July 1, 2007 to July 1, 2017.ResultsSeventeen women with onset of T1DM <18 years gave birth to 23 live infants during the period studied. 73.9% of pregnancies were unplanned. Only 21.7% of pregnancies took preconceptual folic acid. 60.9% of infants required treatment for hypoglycemia.ConclusionThe high prevalence of unplanned pregnancy and poor uptake of prepregnancy care must be improved on in order to improve outcomes for this high-risk group.
Effect of erythropoietin on athletic performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Trinh Kien Vinh , Diep Dion , Chen Kevin Jia Qi , Huang Le , Gulenko Oleksiy 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionAthletes have attempted to glean the ergogenic benefits of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) since it became available in the 1980s. However, there is limited consensus in the literature regarding its true performance-enhancing effects. In fact, some studies suggest there is no conclusive evidence; therefore, it is necessary to evaluate and quantify the strength of the evidence.ObjectiveTo determine the effects of erythropoietin on enhancing athletic performance.DesignAt least two independent reviewers conducted citation identification through abstract and full-text screening, and study selection, and extracted raw data on demographics, descriptions of interventions and all outcomes to predesigned abstraction forms. Outcomes were stratified by treatment periods and dosages. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and Cochrane Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Education (GRADE) scale. Where appropriate, quantitative analysis was performed.Data sourcesEMBASE, MEDLINE and SPORTDiscus were searched from their inception to January 2020.Eligibility criteriaTrials that examined any enhancement in sport in healthy participants aged 18–65 using rHuEPO compared with placebo were included.ResultsOverall, there is low-to-moderate quality evidence suggesting rHuEPO may be more beneficial than placebo in enhancing haematological parameters, pulmonary measures, maximal power output and time to exhaustion independent of dosage. However, these improvements are almost exclusively seen during maximal exercise intensities, which may be less relevant to athletic competition conditions.ConclusionDue to heterogeneity among trials, more high-quality randomised controlled trials with larger sample sizes in conditions that mirror actual competition are needed to further elucidate these effects.
Diagnosis, treatment and post‐release monitoring of an eastern black rat snake (Pantherophis alleghaniensis) with ophidiomycosis and traumatic injuries
Authors: Veilleux Jacob , Dombrowski Daniel Steven , Allender Matthew C , Lewbart Gregory 
Published: April 2020

Ophidiomycosis, historically known as snake fungal disease, is caused by Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola and has been reported in over 30 species of snakes. In July 2015, an adult female eastern black rat snake (Pantherophis alleghaniensis) was found at Prairie Ridge EcoStation, a North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences (NCMNS) field site in Raleigh, NC, with traumatic lesions consistent with injuries caused by landscaping equipment. The snake was brought to NCMNS Veterinary Services and tested positive via dermal swabs for O ophiodiicola on quantitative PCR (qPCR). The snake was treated with terbinafine (Terbinafine, 250 mg; InvaGen Pharmaceuticals, Hauppauge, NY, USA) nebulised at 2 mg/ml for 30 min every 24 hours for 30 days, and tested negative on further swabs for O ophiodiicola on qPCR before release. From April 2016 to November 2018, the snake was tracked via radio telemetry with physical examinations, bloodwork and qPCR swabs conducted multiple times a year.
Heavy-Quark expansion for $${{\bar{B}}_s\rightarrow D^{(*)}_s}$$ form factors and unitarity bounds beyond the $${SU(3)_F}$$ limit
Authors: Bordone Marzia , Gubernari Nico , van Dyk Danny , Jung Martin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe carry out a comprehensive analysis of the full set of$${\bar{B}}_q \rightarrow D_q^{(*)}$$B¯q→Dq(∗)form factors for spectator quarks$$q=u,d,s$$q=u,d,swithin the framework of the Heavy-Quark expansion (HQE) to order$${\mathcal {O}}\left( \alpha _s, 1/m_b, 1/m_c^2\right) $$Oαs,1/mb,1/mc2. In addition to the available lattice QCD calculations we make use of two new sets of theoretical constraints: we produce for the first time numerical predictions for the full set of$${\bar{B}}_s \rightarrow D_s^{(*)}$$B¯s→Ds(∗)form factors using Light-Cone sum rules with$$B_s$$Bs-meson distribution amplitudes. Furthermore, we reassess the QCD three-point sum rule results for the Isgur-Wise functions entering all our form factors for both$$q=u,d$$q=u,dand$$q=s$$q=sspectator quarks. These additional constraints allow us to go beyond the commonly used assumption of$$SU(3)_F$$SU(3)Fsymmetry for the$${{\bar{B}}}_s\rightarrow D_s^{(*)}$$B¯s→Ds(∗)form factors, especially in the unitarity constraints which we impose throughout our analysis. We find the coefficients of the IW functions emerging at$${\mathcal {O}}\left( 1/m_c^2\right) $$O1/mc2to be consistent with the naive$${\mathcal {O}}\left( 1\right) $$O1expectation, indicating a good convergence of the HQE. While we do not find significantSU(3) breaking, the explicit treatment of$$q=s$$q=sas compared to a simple symmetry assumption renders the unitarity constraints more effective. We find that the (pseudo)scalar bounds are saturated to a large degree, which affects our theory predictions. We analyze the phenomenological consequences of our improved form factors by extracting$$|V_{cb}|$$|Vcb|from$${\bar{B}}\rightarrow D^{(*)}\ell \nu $$B¯→D(∗)ℓνdecays and producing theoretical predictions for the lepton-flavour universality ratiosR(D),$$R(D^*)$$R(D∗),$$R(D_s)$$R(Ds)and$$R(D_s^*)$$R(Ds∗), as well as the$$\tau $$τ- and$$D_q^*$$Dq∗polarization fractions for the$${\bar{B}}_q\rightarrow D_q^{(*)}\tau \nu $$B¯q→Dq(∗)τνmodes.
Patient and Institutional Characteristics Influence the Decision to Use Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for In‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Tonna Joseph E. , Selzman Craig H. , Girotra Saket , Presson Angela P. , Thiagarajan Ravi R. , Becker Lance B. , Zhang Chong , Keenan Heather T. ,   the American Heart Association's Get With the Guidelines—Resuscitation Investigators
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Outcomes from extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (
ECPR
) are felt to be influenced by selective use, but the characteristics of those receiving
ECPR
are undefined. We demonstrate the relationship between individual patient and hospital characteristics and the probability of
ECPR
use.

METHODS AND RESULTS

We performed an observational analysis of adult inpatient cardiac arrests in the United States from 2000 to 2018 reported to the American Heart Association's Get With The Guidelines—Resuscitation registry restricted to hospitals that provided
ECPR
. We calculated case mix adjusted relative risk (
RR
) of receiving
ECPR
for individual characteristics. From 2000 to 2018, 129 736 patients had a cardiac arrest (128 654 conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation and 1082
ECPR
) in 224 hospitals that offered
ECPR
.
ECPR
use was associated with younger age (
RR
, 1.5 for <40 vs. 40–59 years; 95%
CI
, 1.2–1.8), no pre‐existing comorbidities (
RR
, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–1.8) or cardiac‐specific comorbidities (congestive heart failure [
RR
, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2–1.5], prior myocardial infarction [
RR
, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2–1.6], or current myocardial infarction [
RR
, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3–1.8]), and in locations of procedural areas at the times of cardiac arrest (
RR
, 12.0; 95%
CI
, 9.5–15.1).
ECPR
decreased after hours (3–11
pm
[
RR
, 0.8; 95%
CI
, 0.7–1.0] and 11
pm
–7
am
[
RR
, 0.6; 95%
CI
, 0.5–0.7]) and on weekends (
RR
, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6–0.9).

CONCLUSIONS

Less than 1% of in‐hospital cardiac arrest patients are treated with
ECPR
.
ECPR
use is influenced by patient age, comorbidities, and hospital system factors. Randomized controlled trials are needed to better define the patients in whom
ECPR
may provide a benefit.
Fertility Restrictions and Life Cycle Outcomes: Evidence from the One-Child Policy in China
Authors: Huang Wei , Lei Xiaoyan , Sun Ang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study considers the experience of china's one-child policy to examine how fertility restrictions affect economic and social outcomes over a lifetime. Using variations in these penalties across provinces and over time, we find that exposure to stricter fertility restrictions when young leads to higher education levels, more white-collar jobs, delayed marriage, and lower fertility rates. Further consequences include lower rates of residing with the elderly and higher household income, consumption, and savings. Finally, exposure to stricter fertility restrictions in early life increases female empowerment. Overall, fertility restrictions imposed when people are young have powerful effects throughout their life cycle.