bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal strategies for wind turbine environmental curtailment
Authors: Rogers Jonathan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWind turbine curtailment is oftentimes required as a means to mitigate environmental impacts of a wind energy installation. For example, curtailment may be required to satisfy constraints on the occurrence of shadow flicker on nearby homes or to reduce wildlife fatalities below a certain limit. This paper introduces an optimal curtailment strategy, which seeks to maximize wind plant revenue while meeting imposed environmental constraints by intelligently selecting curtailment times. To formulate the problem, a discrete set of curtailment decision times is defined, and long‐term forecast data are used to predict demand‐weighted power production at each time. Dynamic programming is used in conjunction with in situ meteorological sensors to compute the probabilistically optimal curtailment decision in real time. By leveraging both forecast data and real‐time measurements, the algorithm ensures that the constraint budget is expended strategically, curtailing when revenue is low and saving operating hours for times when revenue is likely to be higher. Through a series of simulation studies involving shadow flicker constraints, algorithm performance is characterized and compared with two simpler approaches: a greedy scheme and a threshold‐based scheme. These studies highlight the benefit of the optimal algorithm as well as the performance tradeoffs inherent in the three different solution approaches. Overall, the dynamic programming algorithm is shown to exhibit significant benefits in cases where sufficient meteorological and demand data are available.
Targeted editing of transcriptional activator MXR1 on the Pichia pastoris genome using CRISPR/Cas9 technology
Authors: Hou Chenglin , Yang Yankun , Xing Yan , Zhan Chunjun , Liu Guoqiang , Liu Xiuxia , Liu Chunli , Zhan Jinling , Xu Dinghua , Bai Zhonghu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA highly efficient and targeted clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene editing system was constructed for Pichia pastoris (syn Komagataella phaffii). Plasmids containing single guide RNA and the methanol expression regulator 1 (MXR1) homology arms were used to precisely edit the transcriptional activator Mxr1 on the P. pastoris genome. At the S215 amino acid position of Mxr1, one, two, and three nucleotides were precisely deleted or inserted, and S215 was also mutated to S215A via a single‐base substitution. Sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons in the region spanning MXR1 showed that CRISPR/Cas9 technology enabled efficient and precise gene editing of P. pastoris. The expression levels of several of the Mxr1‐targeted genes, AOX1, AOX2, DAS1, and DAS2, in strains containing the various mutated variants of MXR1, were then detected through reverse transcription PCR following induction in methanol‐containing culture medium. The frameshift mutations of Mxr1 led to almost zero transcription of AOX1, DAS1, and DAS2, while that of AOX2 was reduced to 60%. For the Mxr1 S215A mutant, the transcription of AOX1, AOX2, DAS1, and DAS2 was also reduced by nearly 60%. Based on these results, it is apparent that the transcription of AOX1, DAS1, and DAS2 is exclusively regulated by Mxr1 and serine phosphorylation at Mxr1 residue 215 is not critical for this function. In contrast, the transcription of AOX2 is mainly dependent on the phosphorylation of this residue. CRISPR/Cas9 technology was, therefore, successfully applied to the targeted editing of MXR1 on the P. pastoris genome, and it provided an effective method for the study of this transcription factor and its targets.
Generalization of QCD3 symmetry-breaking and flavored quiver dualities
Authors: Aitken Kyle , Baumgartner Andrew , Choi Changha , Karch Andreas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We extend the recently proposed symmetry breaking scenario of QCD3 to the so-called “master” (2 + 1)d bosonization duality, which has bosonic and fermionic matter on both ends. Using anomaly arguments, a phase diagram emerges with several novel regions. We then construct 2+1 dimensional dualities for flavored quivers using node-by-node dualization. Such dualities are applicable to theories which live on domain walls in QCD4-like theories with dynamical quarks. We also derive dualities for quivers based on orthogonal and symplectic gauge groups. Lastly, we support the conjectured dualities using holographic constructions, even though several aspects of this holographic construction remain mostly qualitative.
Exact solutions of (0,2) Landau-Ginzburg models
Authors: Gadde Abhijit , Putrov Pavel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper we study the low energy physics of Landau-Ginzburg models with $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 2) supersymmetry. We exhibit a number of classes of relatively simple LG models where the conformal field theory at the low energy fixed point can be explicitly identified. One interesting class of fixed points can be thought of as “heterotic” minimal models. Other examples include $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 2) renormalization group flows that end up at $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2, 2) minimal models and models with non-abelian symmetry.
Numerical solution for tachyon vacuum in the Schnabl gauge
Authors: Aldo Arroyo E. , Kudrna Matěj 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Based on the level truncation scheme, we develop a new numerical method to evaluate the tachyon vacuum solution in the Schnabl gauge up to level L = 24. We confirm the prediction that the energy associated to this numerical solution has a local minimum at level L = 12. Extrapolating the energy data of L ≤ 24 to infinite level, we observe that the energy goes towards the analytical value −1, nevertheless the precision of the extrapolation is lower than in the Siegel gauge. Furthermore, we analyze the Ellwood invariant and show that its value converges monotonically towards the expected analytical result. We also study the tachyon vacuum expectation value (vev) and some other coefficients of the solution. Finally, some consistency checks of the solution are performed, and we briefly discuss the search for other Schnabl gauge numerical solutions.
Lifetime revision risk for medial unicompartmental knee replacement is lower than expected
Authors: Kennedy J. A. , Burn E. , Mohammad H. R. , Mellon S. J. , Judge A. , Murray D. W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeUnicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) is widely considered to be a pre-total knee replacement (TKR) particularly in the young. The implication of this is that it is sensible to do a UKR, even though it will be revised at some stage, as it will delay the need for a TKR. The chance of a UKR being revised during a patient’s life time has not previously been calculated. The aim of this study was to estimate this lifetime revision risks for patients of different ages undergoing UKR.MethodsCalculations were based on data from a designer series of 1000 medial Oxford UKR with mean 10-year follow up. These UKR were implanted for the recommended indications using the recommended surgical technique. Parametric survival models were developed for patients of different ages based on observed data, and were extrapolated using a Markov model to estimate lifetime revision risk.ResultsThe estimated lifetime revision risk reduced with increasing age at surgery. Lifetime revision risk at age 55 was 15% (95% CI 12–19), at 65 it was 11% (8–13), at 75 it was 7% (5–9), and at 85 it was 4% (3–5).ConclusionProvided UKR is used appropriately, the lifetime revision risk is markedly lower than expected. UKR should be considered to be a definitive knee replacement rather than a Pre-TKR even in the young. These lifetime estimates, alongside established benefits for UKR in speed of recovery, morbidity, mortality and function, can be discussed with appropriate patients when considering whether to implant a UKR or TKR.Level of evidenceIII.
Modelling rankings in R: the PlackettLuce package
Authors: Turner Heather L. , van Etten Jacob , Firth David , Kosmidis Ioannis 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the R packagePlackettLuce, which implements a generalization of the Plackett–Luce model for rankings data. The generalization accommodates both ties (of arbitrary order) and partial rankings (complete rankings of subsets of items). By default, the implementation adds a set of pseudo-comparisons with a hypothetical item, ensuring that the underlying network of wins and losses between items is always strongly connected. In this way, the worth of each item always has a finite maximum likelihood estimate, with finite standard error. The use of pseudo-comparisons also has a regularization effect, shrinking the estimated parameters towards equal item worth. In addition to standard methods for model summary,PlackettLuceprovides a method to compute quasi standard errors for the item parameters. This provides the basis for comparison intervals that do not change with the choice of identifiability constraint placed on the item parameters. Finally, the package provides a method for model-based partitioning using covariates whose values vary between rankings, enabling the identification of subgroups of judges or settings with different item worths. The features of the package are demonstrated through application to classic and novel data sets.
On the rectangular knapsack problem: approximation of a specific quadratic knapsack problem
Authors: Schulze Britta , Stiglmayr Michael , Paquete Luís , Fonseca Carlos M. , Willems David , Ruzika Stefan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article, we introduce the rectangular knapsack problem as a special case of the quadratic knapsack problem consisting in the maximization of the product of two separate knapsack profits subject to a cardinality constraint. We propose a polynomial time algorithm for this problem that provides a constant approximation ratio of 4.5. Our experimental results on a large number of artificially generated problem instances show that the average ratio is far from theoretical guarantee. In addition, we suggest refined versions of this approximation algorithm with the same time complexity and approximation ratio that lead to even better experimental results.
Frailty is More Predictive than Age for Complications After Thyroidectomy for Multinodular Goiter
Authors: Finnerty Brendan M. , Gray Katherine D. , Ullmann Timothy M. , Zarnegar Rasa , Fahey Thomas J. , Beninato Toni 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundRisks of thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter (MNG) in older and frail patients are unclear, particularly regarding hematoma and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy.MethodsMNG patients undergoing total thyroidectomy were reviewed in the ACS‐NSQIP procedure‐targeted database (2016–2017). Outcomes were analyzed between adult (age <65), older‐adult (age ≥65 and <80), and oldest‐old (age ≥80) patients. Five‐factor modified frailty index (mFI‐5) was calculated based on functional status, diabetes, COPD, CHF, and hypertension, and used in comparative analyses.ResultsA total of 2189 adult, 635 older‐adult, and 59 oldest‐old patients were included. Compared to adult patients, older‐adult and oldest‐old patients had higher mFI‐5 ≥0.4 rates (14% vs. 22% vs. 31%, respectively, p < 0.001). The overall complication rate was 17.0% and similar between groups; however, oldest‐old patients had higher rates of surgical site infection (3.4% vs. 0.3% vs. 0.4%), pneumonia (5.1% vs. 0.3% vs. 0.2%), and readmission (10.2% vs. 2.4% vs. 2.6%) compared to older‐adult and adult patients, respectively (p < 0.05). On multivariable analyses of thyroidectomy‐specific complications, mFI‐5 ≥0.4 (OR 2.5, 95%‐CI 1.4–4.4) and bleeding disorder (OR 4.6, 95%‐CI 1.3–16.3) were predictive of hematoma, whereas vessel‐sealant device usage (OR 0.4, 95%‐CI 0.3–0.7) was protective. mFI‐5 ≥ 0.4 (OR 1.5, 95%‐CI 1.1–2.2), bleeding disorder (OR 2.8, 95%‐CI 1.04–7.8), parathyroid autotransplantation (OR 1.7, 95%‐CI 1.2–2.6), and prolonged operative time (OR 1.4, 95%‐CI 1.02–1.8) were predictive of RLN palsy. Age was not a significant predictor of hematoma or RLN palsy.ConclusionsPatients ≥80 years old are at increased risk for systemic complications and readmission after thyroidectomy for MNG. Frailty index better risk‐stratifies patients than age for thyroidectomy‐specific complications.
Drug interactions in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Pflugbeil Stephan , Böckl Karin , Pongratz Reinhold , Leitner Marianne , Graninger Winfried , Ortner Astrid 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Treating patients with inflammatory joint diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis) according to established treatment algorithms often requires the simultaneous use of three or more medications to relieve symptoms and prevent long-term joint damage as well as disability.

Objective
To assess and give an overview on drug-drug interactions in the pharmacotherapy of inflammatory joint diseases with regards to their clinical relevance.

Methods
All possible drug combinations were evaluated using three commercially available drug interaction programs. In those cases where only limited/no data were found, a comprehensive hand search of Pubmed was carried out. Finally, the drug–drug interactions of all possible combinations were classified according to evidence-based medicine and a specifically generated relevance-based system.

Results
All three interaction software programs showed consistent results. All detected interactions were combined in clearly structured tables.

Conclusion
A concise overview on drug-drug interactions is given. Especially in more sophisticated cases extensive knowledge of drug interactions supports optimisation of therapy and results in improved patient safety.
Unsteady boundary-layer transition measurements and computations on a rotating blade under cyclic pitch conditions
Authors: Weiss Armin , Wolf C. Christian , Kaufmann Kurt , Braukmann Johannes N. , Heineck James T. , Raffel Markus 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe presented work tackles the lack of experimental investigations of unsteady laminar-turbulent boundary-layer transition on rotor blades at cyclic pitch actuation, which are important for accurate performance predictions of helicopters in forward flight. Unsteady transition positions were measured on the blade suction side of a four-bladed subscale rotor by means of non-intrusive differential infrared thermography (DIT). Experiments were conducted at different rotation rates corresponding to Mach and Reynolds numbers at 75% rotor radius of up to$${M}_{75} = 0.21$$M75=0.21and$${\mathrm {Re}}_{75} = 3.3 \times 10^5$$Re75=3.3×105and with varying cyclic blade pitch settings. The setup allowed transition to be measured across the outer 54% of the rotor radius. For comparison, transition was also measured using conventional infrared thermography for steady cases with collective pitch settings only. The study is complemented by numerical simulations including boundary-layer transition modeling based on semi-empirical criteria. DIT results reveal the upstream and downstream motion of boundary-layer transition during upstroke and downstroke, a reasonable comparison to experimental results obtained using the already established$$\sigma c_p$$σcpmethod, and noticeable agreement with numerical simulations. The result is the first systematic study of unsteady boundary-layer transition on a rotor suction side by means of DIT including a comparison to numerical computations.
Utilizing the ball lens effect for astigmatism particle tracking velocimetry
Authors: Brockmann Philipp , Kazerooni Hamid Tabaei , Brandt Luca , Hussong Jeanette 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the present study, a simple method is developed to apply astigmatism particle tracking velocimetry (APTV) to transparent particles utilizing backlight illumination. Here, a particle acts as ball lens and bundles the light to a focal point, which is used to determine the particle’s out-of-plane position. Due to the distance between focal point and particle, additional features have to be considered in ball lens astigmatism particle tracking velocimetry (BLAPTV) compared to conventional APTV. We describe required calibration steps and perform parameter studies to show how the autocorrelation coefficient and the light exposure affect the accuracy of the method. It is found that the accuracy and robustness of the Euclidean calibration approach as also used in conventional APTV (Cierpka et al. in Meas Sci Technol 22(1):015401, 2010a) can be increased if an additional calibration curve for the light intensity of the particle’s focal point is considered. In addition, we study the influence of the particle diameter and the refractive index jump between liquid and particles on the calibration curves and the accuracy. In this way, particles of the same size, but different material, can be distinguished by their calibration curve. Furthermore, an approach is presented to account for shape changes of the calibration curve along the depth of the measurement volume. Overall, BLAPTV provides high out-of-plane particle reconstruction accuracies with respect to the particle diameter. In test cases, position uncertainties down to 1.8% of the particle diameter are achieved for particles of $$d_{\mathrm{p}}={124}\,{\upmu \hbox {m}}$$dp=124μm. The measurement technique is validated for a laminar flow in a straight rectangular channel with a cross-sectional area of $$2.3 \times 30$$2.3×30 $$\hbox {mm}^2$$mm2. Uncertainties of 0.75% for the in-plane and 2.29% for out-of-plane velocity with respect to the maximum streamwise velocity are achieved.Graphic abstract
An inter-comparison of Arctic synoptic scale storms between four global reanalysis datasets
Authors: Vessey Alexander F. , Hodges Kevin I. , Shaffrey Len C. , Day Jonathan J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Arctic is becoming more accessible as sea ice extent continues to decline, resulting in higher human exposure to Arctic storms. This study compares Arctic storm characteristics between the ECMWF-Interim Reanalysis, 55-year Japanese Reanalysis, NASA-Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 and National Centre for Environmental Prediction-Climate Forecast System Reanalysis datasets between 1980 and 2017, in winter (DJF) and summer (JJA). It is shown that Arctic storm characteristics are sensitive to the variable used for storm tracking. Arctic storm frequency is found to be similar in summer and winter when using sea level pressure minima to track Arctic storms, whereas, the storm frequency is found to be higher in winter than summer when using 850 hPa relative vorticity to track storms, based on using the same storm tracking algorithm. It is also found that there are no significant trends in Arctic storm characteristics between 1980 and 2017. Given the sparsity of observations in the Arctic, it might be expected that there are large differences in Arctic storm characteristics between the reanalysis datasets. Though, some similar Arctic storm characteristics are found between the reanalysis datasets, it is found that the differences in Arctic storm characteristics between the reanalysis datasets are generally higher in winter than in summer. Overall, the results show that there are differences in Arctic storm characteristics between reanalysis datasets, but even larger differences can arise between using 850 hPa relative vorticity or mean sea level pressure as the storm tracking variable, which adds to the uncertainty associated with current Arctic storm characteristics.
A tropical cyclone removal technique based on potential vorticity inversion to better quantify tropical cyclone contribution to the background circulation
Authors: Arakane Sho , Hsu Huang-Hsiung 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn effective way of investigating the effects of tropical cyclones (TCs) on different spatial/temporal-scale environmental fields is to contrast the original circulation with the circulation from which the TCs have been removed. Although dynamical balance is required for analyzing TC contributions, the dynamic balance of TC-removed fields obtained by the existing TC removal method (which is widely used in the TC bogus procedure) is often ignored. In this paper, a TC removal method incorporating the potential vorticity (PV) inversion technique is proposed and its application to climate study is demonstrated. This method objectively detects the TCs’ positive PV disturbance, which is strong with a deep structure and overwhelmingly dominates the relatively weak and thin negative PV disturbance. The TC-removed field is well-balanced due to the dynamic balance consideration in the PV inversion framework. This approach isolates TC vortices, which are stronger and have a wider range of impacts compared with the TC components derived by the existing removal methods. The TC-removed fields obtained by the existing and the proposed methods are profoundly different, especially in dynamic balance. The TC contribution to intraseasonal variance and seasonal mean circulation in the tropical western North Pacific is examined. The existence of TCs enhances the amplitude and propagation of intraseasonal oscillation and strengthens the seasonal mean circulations such as the low-level monsoon trough and upper-level anticyclone in the region. Whereas the existing and the proposed TC removal techniques yield consistent results, the proposed technique yields larger TC contributions to the seasonal-mean circulation and the amplitude and northward propagation tendency of intraseasonal oscillation.
The benefits of carbon black, gold and magnetic nanomaterials for point-of-harvest electrochemical quantification of domoic acid
Authors: Nelis Joost L.D. , Migliorelli Davide , Jafari Safiye , Generelli Silvia , Lou-Franco Javier , Salvador J. Pablo , Marco M. Pilar , Cao Cuong , Elliott Christopher T. , Campbell Katrina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGold nanostars (GNST), gold nanospheres (GNP) and carbon black (CB) are chosen as alternative nanomaterials to modify carbon screen-printed electrodes (c-SPEs). The resulting three kinds of modified c-SPEs (GNP-SPE, CB-SPE and GNSP-SPE) were electrochemically and microscopically characterized and compared with standardized c-SPEs after pretreatment with phosphate buffer by pre-anodization (pre-SPE). The results show outstanding electrochemical performance of the carbon black-modified SPEs which show low transient current, low capacitance and good porosity. A competitive chronoamperometric immunoassay for the shellfish toxin domoic acid (DA) is described. The performances of the CB-SPE, GNP-SPE and pre-SPE were compared. Hapten-functionalized magnetic beads were used to avoid individual c-SPE functionalization with antibody while enhancing the signal by creating optimum surface proximity for electron transfer reactions. This comparison shows that the CB-SPE biosensor operated best at a potential near − 50 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) and enables DA to be determined with a detection limit that is tenfold lower compared to pre-SPE (4 vs. 0.4 ng mL−1). These results show very good agreement with HPLC data when analysing contaminated scallops, and the LOD is 0.7 mg DA kg−1 of shellfish.