bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Pleistocene–Holocene climate shifts on vegetation and fire dynamics and its implications for Prearchaic humans in the central Great Basin, USA
Authors: Brugger Sandra Olivia , Rhode David 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe effects of climate change during the Terminal Pleistocene–Early Holocene transition on ecosystems and early Prearchaic hunter‐gatherers in the central Great Basin of North America are not well understood. We present a palynological reconstruction of regional vegetation and fire history in Grass Valley, central Nevada, from ~14 to ~7.5k cal a BP showing that Pinus‐dominated woodlands were replaced by dry‐adapted steppe and desert vegetation accompanied by an increase in regional fire activity at the beginning of the Holocene, in response to summer warming and a drying climate. Following a severe drought period peaking ~10.2–9.3k cal a BP, Pinus woodlands partially recovered contemporaneously with the 8.2k cal a BP climate anomaly. Local wetlands provided important resource patches for human foraging societies, and periodic declines of wetlands in response to changing local hydrological conditions may have necessitated adjustments in subsistence and settlement practices and technology.
Development and Characterization of Sodium Hypochlorite Gel for Endodontic Use
Authors: Pinheiro Cristiane Lorena Maia , de Lima Almeida Mariana Rodrigues , Da Silva Dennys Correia , Dametto Fabio Roberto , de Oliveira Wanderley Neto Alcides 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) strong cytotoxicity and the potential to cause accidents by extrusion are the main concerns about its use as root canal irrigant. NaOCl gel has been proposed to improve safety. This research aimed to develop and characterize a NaOCl gel formulation using a surfactant. Seven gels with 2.5% NaOCl were produced using sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) with concentrations between 2.0% and 5.0%. The gels were characterized by pH, surface tension, wettability, viscosity, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), bactericidal potential, and organic tissue dissolution. The gels pH which concentration was between 2.0% and 4.5% did not differ significantly from the 2.5% NaOCl solution. The surfactant reduced surface tension by more than 50% in all the gels, without statistical difference between them. Wettability decreased as SLES percentage in NaOCl formulation increased. The SLES addition provided viscous formulations. FTIR analysis showed intermolecular interactions between the SLES and NaOCl. Only 3.0% and 3.5% gels showed significantly reduced bactericidal activity (15 ± 0.7). All gels presented significantly reduced organic matter dissolution rate compared to the NaOCl solution (>56.33 ± 2.88 min). SLES is a surfactant compatible with NaOCl and promising viscosifying agent.
Drying temperature regulates vigor of high moisture rice seeds via involvement in phytohormone, ROS, and relevant gene expression
Authors: Huang Yu‐tao , Wu Wei , Zhao Ti‐yuan , Lu Min , Wu Hua‐ping , Cao Dong‐dong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDRice is an important food crop in China. Seed drying is an important step in the production of rice seeds. However, the regulatory mechanism of the effect of drying temperature on vigor of rice seeds with high initial moisture content (IMC) has not been examined.RESULTSThis study presents hot‐air drying of rice seeds with high IMC (>30%) to assess the effect of drying temperature (35, 41, and 47 °C) on drying performance and seed vigor in terms of germination capacity. The results show a significant positive correlation between the drying rate, seed temperature, and drying temperature. High‐temperature drying tends to cause a large accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes in rice seeds. High‐temperature drying also significantly increased abscisic acid (ABA) content and decreased gibberellin (GA) content through the regulation of the activity of metabolism related‐enzymes. Moreover, changes in GA and ABA metabolism during early seed germination might be an important reason for the decrease in seed vigor with high‐temperature drying. High‐temperature drying also significantly inhibited the activity of α‐amylase during early seed germination.CONCLUSIONA drying temperature of 35 °C was safe for rice seeds with high IMC, whereas higher drying temperatures (41 and 47 °C) reduced rice seed vigor remarkably. The metabolism of ROS, antioxidant enzymes, GA, ABA, and α‐amylase might be closely involved in the regulation of the effect of drying temperature on the seed vigor of rice seeds with high IMC. The results of this study, therefore, provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for mechanical drying of rice seeds. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Understanding the mechanisms of electronic ink operation
Authors: Yang Bo‐Ru , Hu Wen‐Jie , Zeng Zheng , Wu Zi‐Yi , Gu Yi‐Fan , Xu Jia‐Zhe , Cao Jin‐Xin , Zhang Ya‐Di , Chen Peng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOwing to the unique features of electronic ink displays, including the bistability, paper‐like appearance, and sunlight visibility, electronic ink displays have been applied in many Internet of Things (IoT) fields. We reviewed mechanisms that have been proposed to be essential for electro‐optical behavior of electronic ink displays. This review might facilitate beginners to start their research in electronic ink studies.
Improvement for image‐sticking phenomenon occurred in 8K‐liquid crystal displays with adaptive pre‐charge driving technique
Authors: Oke Ryutaro , Nakagawa Teruhisa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe proposed adaptive pre‐charge driving (APD) technique that is appropriate for large‐size and high‐resolution liquid crystal display (LCD) panels for TVs to compensate the shortage of charging voltage to a pixel. APD technique enables to realize LCD panels of 8K resolution even though thin‐film‐transistor (TFT) is amorphous‐Si. Recently, this APD renamed line‐overdrive (line‐OD), and it has been reported to be applied to 8K‐LCD panels, and its technical value is increasing. This paper describes an image‐sticking phenomenon with APD. We have made clear that this phenomenon is triggered by the residual DC that was created by the charging performance to the pixel of positive polarity being inferior to the charging performance to that of negative polarity. To solve this issue, it further explains how best to optimize the pre‐charge table for positive and negative polarities, respectively, by effectively using the high‐precision pixel simulation.
Shear‐Wave Elastography‐Guided Core Needle Biopsy for the Determination of Breast Cancer Molecular Subtype
Authors: Peker Ahmet , Balci Pınar , Basara Akin Isil , Özgül Hakan A. , Aksoy Süleyman Ö. , Gürel Duygu 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate whether shear‐wave elastography (SWE) guidance during core‐needle biopsy can improve diagnostic accuracy and accurate determination of the molecular subtypes of breast cancer.MethodsThis controlled, randomized prospective cohort study included 58 patients (mean age: 56.9 ± 16.2) who were referred for image‐guided core‐needle biopsy between May 2018 and April 2019 for lesions larger than 1 cm. In Group 1, 30 lesions were biopsied without SWE guidance and recorded as Biopsy A. In Group 2, 30 lesions were examined with SWE before biopsy, and then two different parts of the lesions were biopsied; biopsies from the relatively rigid areas of the lesions were recorded as Biopsy B, and biopsies from the less rigid areas of the lesions were recorded as Biopsy C. The histopathological and immunohistochemical results of biopsies were compared with the surgical results.ResultsThe sensitivity of Biopsy A, B and C were 96.7%, 100% and 100%, respectively. The benign‐malignant concordance rates were 94.7%, 100%, and 90% and the diagnostic concordance rates were 89.5%, 100%, and 90% in Biopsies A, B, and C, respectively. When the 10% differences in the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Ki67 rates were considered significant, the concordance rate of ER was highest in Biopsy B (77.8%; p = 0.040). The concordance rate of immunohistochemical subtyping was 100% in Biopsy B and 71.4% in Biopsies A and C (p = 0.086).ConclusionSWE‐guided core‐needle biopsy of breast lesions increased the sensitivity, diagnostic accuracy, and accuracy of immunohistochemical subtyping to 100%.
Luteinizing Hormone Surge More Accurately Correlates With Ultrasound Dating of Early Pregnancy Compared to the Last Menstrual Period
Authors: Morong James J. , McQueen Dana B. , Stephenson Mary D. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo compare the use of the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge versus the last menstrual period (LMP) for the accuracy of pregnancy dating in fertile women with a diagnosis of recurrent early pregnancy loss (REPL).MethodsThis was an observational cohort study using prospectively collected data at 2 academic REPL programs between 2005 and 2018. Women with a history of REPL and at least 1 subsequent live birth after the evaluation were included. All patients conceived by intercourse timed to the LH surge. Transvaginal ultrasound was examinations were performed 2 weeks after missed menses. The gestational age (GA) was calculated by the LH surge (GALH), LMP (GALMP), and first crown‐rump length (CRL) that measured 5 mm or greater (GACRL). A secondary analysis compared GA based on the first measurable CRL of less than 5 mm versus GA based on the first CRL of 5 mm or greater. The GALH and GALMP were compared to determine which measure showed greater concordance with the CRL. The mean absolute difference in days between the GACRL versus GALH and GACRL versus GALMP was determined.ResultsA total of 115 women with 118 subsequent pregnancies resulting in live birth were included, with a mean age at delivery of 35.5 years and a mean of 3.6 prior pregnancy losses. The GALH showed a stronger correlation with the CRL (0.77) than the GALMP (0.63; P = .002). The GALH was more similar to the GACRL than the GALMP, with a mean absolute difference of 2.0 versus 3.1 days (P < .0001).ConclusionsWhen known, the LH surge appears to be more accurate than the LMP and should be used preferentially for dating of early pregnancy.
Anastomotic Revision in Head and Neck Free Flaps
Authors: Stewart Matthew , Swendseid Brian , Hammond Perry , Khatiwala Ishani , Sarwary Juliana , Zhan Tingting , Heffelfinger Ryan , Luginbuhl Adam , Sweeny Larissa , Wax Mark K. , Curry Joseph M. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives/HypothesisPredictors of free tissue transfer (FTT) failure and the need for postoperative revision (POR) have been extensively studied; however, there are little data evaluating outcomes when intraoperative revision (IOR) at initial surgery is required. This study seeks to better understand the impact IOR of the pedicle has on FTT outcomes.Study DesignRetrospective review of 2482 consecutive patients across three tertiary institutions.MethodsAdult patients (>18) who received a FTT and underwent anastomotic revision from 2006 to 2019 were included. Logistic regression was performed to predict revision, and recursive partitioning was performed to classify risk of failure based on type of revision and vessels revised.ResultsFailure rates for IOR (19%) and POR (27%) were higher compared to a nonrevised failure rate of 2% (P < .01 and P < .01, respectively). Intraoperative venous revision (IORv, n = 13), arterial (IORa, n = 114), and both (IORb, n = 11) were associated with failure rates of 8% (odds ratio [OR] 3.5, P = .23), 18% (OR = 9.0, P < .01), 45% (OR = 35.3, P = <.01), respectively. Arterial revision was most common among IOR (83%, P < .01). Postoperative venous revision (PORv, n = 35), arterial (PORa, n = 36), and both (PORb, n = 11) were associated with failure rates of 20% (OR = 15.7, P < .01), 27% (OR = 10.6, P < .01), and 39% (OR = 27.0, P < .01), respectively. Failure rate for flaps that had POR after IOR (PORi, n = 11) was 45% (OR = 18.2, P < .01). Diabetes predicted IOR (P = .006); tobacco use, heavy alcohol use, and prior radiation predicted POR (P = .01, P = .05, and P = .01, respectively).ConclusionBoth IOR and POR were associated with increased failure compared to nonrevised flaps. The risk of failure increases sequentially with intraoperative or POR of the vein, artery, or both vessels. Revision of both vessels and POR after IOR are strongly predictive of failure.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:1035–1041, 2021
Fat Distribution and Lipid Profile of Young Adults with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21‐Hydroxylase Enzyme Deficiency
Authors: Borges Juliano Henrique , de Oliveira Daniel Minutti , de Lemos‐Marini Sofia Helena Valente , Geloneze Bruno , Gonçalves Ezequiel Moreira , Guerra‐Júnior Gil 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe aimed to compare detailed fat distribution and lipid profile between young adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21‐hydroxylase enzyme deficiency and a control group. We also verified independent associations of treatment duration and daily hydrocortisone dose equivalent (HDE) with lipid profile within patients. This case–control study included 23 patients (7 male and 16 female) matched by an age range of young adults (18–31 years) with 20 control subjects (8 male and 12 female). Dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry was used to measure the fat distribution. Male patients demonstrated elevated indices of fat mass for total (7.7 ± 2.1 vs. 4.5 ± 1.3 kg/m2, p = 0.003), trunk (4.0 ± 1.2 vs. 2.2 ± 0.8 kg/m2, p = 0.005), android (0.63 ± 0.24 vs. 0.32 ± 0.15 kg/m2, p = 0.008), gynoid (1.34 ± 0.43 vs. 0.74 ± 0.24 kg/m2, p = 0.005), arm (0.65 ± 0.16 vs. 0.39 ± 0.10 kg/m2, p = 0.009), and leg regions (2.7 ± 0.8 vs. 1.6 ± 0.4 kg/m2, p = 0.005) than the control group, but not in females. However, female patients demonstrated elevated ratio of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.90 ± 0.46 vs. 1.39 ± 0.47, p = 0.009) than the control group, but not in males. Total fat mass was inversely correlated with total testosterone (r = −0.64, p = 0.014) and positively correlated with leptin in males (r = 0.75, p = 0.002). An elevated daily HDE (β = 0.43, p = 0.038 and β = 0.47, p = 0.033) and trunk to total fat mass ratio (β = 0.46, p = 0.025, and β = 0.45, p = 0.037) were independently correlated with impaired lipid profile markers. Although there is no altered lipid profile, male patients demonstrated an increased fat distribution. However, female patients presented with an impaired lipid profile marker but demonstrated close values of normal fat distribution. Interestingly, the dose of glucocorticoid therapy can have some role in the lipid mechanisms.
What controls microzooplankton biomass and herbivory rate across marginal seas of China?
Authors: Liu Kailin , Chen Bingzhang , Zheng Liping , Su Suhong , Huang Bangqin , Chen Mianrun , Liu Hongbin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMicrozooplankton are the primary herbivores and nutrient regenerators in the marine food web, but their importance is often underestimated, and the quantitative relationships between environmental factors and the biomass and herbivory rate of microzooplankton remain obscure. To fill this gap, we conducted 224 dilution experiments to measure microzooplankton biomass and herbivory rate across a vast area of the marginal seas of China. To gain the potential mechanisms controlling microzooplankton herbivory, we also use a model that combines the Metabolic Theory of Ecology and the functional responses of grazing to quantify the effects of temperature, phytoplankton biomass, and microzooplankton biomass on microzooplankton grazing rate. We estimate an activation energy of 0.51 eV of microzooplankton and found that the Holling III function best described the functional response of microzooplankton grazing with a maximal ingestion rate of 4.76 d−1 at 15°C and a half‐saturation constant of 0.27 μM N. We also find that microzooplankton biomass scales with phytoplankton biomass with an exponent of 0.77, consistent with the general 3/4 scaling law found in other ecosystems. This scaling relationship is accompanied by a shift from ciliates to heterotrophic dinoflagellates with increasing phytoplankton biomass. Our results provide empirical patterns that will be vital to parameterize and validate marine ecosystem models, particularly in China seas.
Seasonal microbial food web dynamics in contrasting Southern Ocean productivity regimes
Authors: Christaki Urania , Gueneugues Audrey , Liu Yan , Blain Stéphane , Catala Philippe , Colombet Jonathan , Debeljak Pavla , Jardillier Ludwig , Irion Solène , Planchon Fred , Sassenhagen Ingrid , Sime‐Ngando Telesphore , Obernosterer Ingrid 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSpatial and seasonal dynamics of microbial loop fluxes were investigated in contrasting productivity regimes in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. Observations carried out in late summer (February–March 2018; project MOBYDICK) revealed higher microbial biomasses and fluxes in the naturally iron‐fertilized surface waters of Kerguelen island in comparison to surrounding off‐plateau waters. Differences were most pronounced for bacterial heterotrophic production (2.3‐fold), the abundance of heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF; 2.7‐fold). Independent of site, grazing by HNF was the main loss process of bacterial production (80–100%), while virus‐induced mortality was low (< 9%). Combining these results with observations from previous investigations during early spring and summer allowed us to describe seasonal patterns in microbial food web fluxes and to compare these to carbon export in the iron‐fertilized and high‐nutrient, low‐chlorophyll (HNLC) Southern Ocean. Our data suggest an overall less efficient microbial food web during spring and summer, when respiration and viral lysis, respectively, represent important loss terms of bacterially‐mediated carbon. In late summer, primary production is more efficiently transferred to bacterial biomass and HNF and thus available for higher trophic levels. These results provide a new insight into the seasonal variability and the quantitative importance of microbial food web processes for the fate of primary production in the Southern Ocean.
Characteristics of the Irrigant Flow in a Simulated Lateral Canal Under Two Typical Laser‐Activated Irrigation Regimens
Authors: Su Zheng , Li Zhibo , Shen Ya , Bai Yuhao , Zheng Ying , Pan Chong , Hou Benxiang 
Published: September 2020

Background and ObjectivesPhoton‐induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) and shockwave‐enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS) are two promising laser‐activated irrigation (LAI) methods for root canal irrigation. Their performance in driving irrigant flush in a complex root canal system will be evaluated by microscale particle image velocimetry (μPIV) measurement and will be compared with that of ultrasonic‐activated irrigation (UAI).Study Design/Materials and MethodsA μPIV system with 7 μm fluorescent tracer particles was adopted to measure two‐dimensional (2D) velocity fields around the junction region, with a size of 1.8 mm × 1.5 mm, between one main canal and one lateral canal in an endodontic training block, which was driven by SWEEPS (Er:YAG laser) operating at 15 Hz and 20 mJ. The flow field driven by PIPS (Er:YAG laser) at the same frequency and energy, as well as by UAI (with non‐cutting insert) operating at 40% unit power, was also measured for a direct comparison.ResultsIt was found that both SWEEPS and PIPS can activate a so‐called “breath mode” during the irrigation. Namely, the induced irrigant flush presented a back‐and‐forth oscillation along both the main canal and the lateral one. The maximum flow speed in the lateral canal was observed to be up to 10 m/s in the SWEEPS modality, while reduced to around 7 m/s in the PIPS modality. The penetration length in the lateral canal in both modalities was estimated to be larger than 1 mm. In comparison, the flow field induced by UAI was characterized as irregular vortical structures, the maximum flow speed in the lateral canal was 0.15 m/s and significantly lower than LAI (P < 0.01), and the penetration length was less than 300 μm and lower than LAI (P < 0.05).ConclusionCompared to UAI, PIPS, and SWEEPS are more capable of delivering the irrigant deeper into the lateral canal. Furthermore, the back‐and‐forth flush in the breath mode is ideal for removing debris during irrigation. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Ethical Considerations in Screening for Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder in the General Population
Authors: Dommershuijsen Lisanne J. , Darweesh Sirwan K.L. , Luik Annemarie I. , Kieboom Brenda C.T. , Koudstaal Peter J. , Boon Agnita J.W. , Ikram M. Arfan , Ikram M. Kamran , Bunnik Eline M. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTClinical studies have shown that up to 90% of patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) will eventually be diagnosed with a clinical α‐synucleinopathy. Because of this high conversion rate, screening for RBD is often performed to identify eligible participants for studies aimed at elucidating the prodromal phase of α‐synucleinopathies. However, screening for RBD, especially in the general population, raises many ethical dilemmas. In light of the existing ethical literature and our experience in establishing a screening approach for RBD in the Rotterdam Study, we discuss ethical dilemmas when screening for RBD in population‐based studies. We conclude that informing study participants about the reason for invitation and the possible trajectory that lies ahead when participating is essential. However, participants should not be troubled unnecessarily by giving them detailed information about possible diagnoses or associated disease risks. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The Effects of Resveratrol, Caffeine, β‐Carotene, and Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) on Amyloid‐β25--35 Aggregation in Synthetic Brain Membranes
Authors: Gastaldo Isabella P. , Himbert Sebastian , Ram Udbhav , Rheinstädter Maikel C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractScope: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition marked by the formation and aggregation of amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides. There exists, to this day, no cure or effective prevention for the disease; however, there is evidence that a healthy diet and certain food products can slow down first occurrence and progression. To investigate if food ingredients can interact with peptide aggregates, synthetic membranes that contained aggregates consisting of cross‐β sheets of the membrane active fragment A are prepared.Methods and results: The impact of resveratrol, found in grapes, caffeine, the main active ingredient in coffee, β‐carotene, found in orange fruits and vegetables, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a component of green tea, on the size and volume fraction of Aβ aggregates is studied using optical and fluorescence microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, UV–vis spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations. All compounds are membrane active and spontaneously partitioned in the synthetic brain membranes. While resveratrol and caffeine lead to membrane thickening and reduced membrane fluidity, β‐carotene and EGCG preserve or increase fluidity.Conclusion: Resveratrol and caffeine do not reduce the volume fraction of peptide aggregates while β‐carotene significantly reduces plaque size. Interestingly, EGCG dissolves peptide aggregates and significantly decreases the corresponding cross‐β and β‐sheet signals.