bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The social legitimacy of the universal basic income from a social justice perspective: a comparative analysis of Germany and Slovenia
Authors: Zimmermann Katharina , Boljka Urban , Rakar Tatjana , Filipovič Hrast Maša 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe universal basic income (UBI) has found its way into public debates and has prominent advocates across almost all political camps. In many debates, it is presented as a solution for the consequences of a large variety of current societal challenges, such as unemployment, over-education, ecological crises, gender inequality and issues related to digitalization and automatization. While UBI has been discussed broadly from an expert position, we know very little about the population’s perceptions of UBI. Thus, to shed light on the public legitimacy of UBI as a radically different concept of social justice and citizenship, our contribution uses data from large group discussions where participants explicitly refer to the UBI as an option for a future welfare state. By comparing debates in Slovenia and Germany, we unearth that the perspective adopted by the participants towards a UBI is strongly shaped by the welfare institutions of the countries in which they live and the social justice principles embodied in those institutions.
Rolling out a mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention for parents of children with ADHD: a feasibility study
Authors: Rice R. , Ni Bhearra A. , Kilbride K. , Lynch C. , McNicholas F. 
Published: December 2020

Background:Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the single most frequent reason for attendance at Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in Ireland. Research has suggested that parents of children with ADHD experience more parenting stress than parents of non-clinical controls, yet routine treatment for ADHD rarely addresses parental well-being. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been found to result in a reduction in parental stress.Method:An adapted Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) intervention was delivered to parents (n = 23) of children with ADHD recruited from CAMHS and ADHD Ireland.Results:Following the intervention a significant improvement was documented within the social relationships domain of quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) and a significant reduction on the child hyperactivity scale of the Strengths and Difficulties (SDQ) questionnaire.Conclusion:This pilot study suggests that an MBSR intervention is both feasible and effective for parents whose children have ADHD. Larger scale studies need to be conducted before inclusion in routine CAMHS.
THE FALL OF A CHINESE BUDDHIST MONK: LAW AND STATE GOVERNANCE OF BUDDHISM IN POST-IMPERIAL CHINA
Authors: Liu Cuilan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn August 2018, revelations of the sexual, financial, and administrative misconduct of a high-profile Chinese Buddhist monk named Xuecheng 學誠 were in the spotlight of domestic and international attention. The validity of the allegations and their social and religious impact have been widely debated, and this article focuses on the legal procedures used in handling the allegations and traces their source back to the Republican era (1911–1949). The state's governance of Buddhism and the efficacy of the Buddhist clergy's jurisdictional self-governance operating in Xuecheng's case in China today are significantly older than the People's Republic of China. As early as 1929, ordained Buddhists collectively denounced personal clerical privileges, in exchange for the state law's protection on monastic properties. Then, while protesting against unfavorable articles in the Charter of the Buddhist Association of China (Zhongguo fojiaohui zhang cheng中國佛教會章程) proposed by the Nationalist government in 1936, the Buddhist clergy lost their legal jurisdiction over adjudicating internal disputes among ordained Buddhists. These two events have come to define the relationship between the state and the Buddhist establishment in contemporary China, where state law is harsh on religion while enforcement through legal practice is lax.
14C-AMS IN MEXICO AND PRE-COLUMBIAN ARCHAEOLOGY
Authors: Solís C , Rodríguez-Ceja M , Chávez-Lomelí E , Alcántara A , Gazzola J , Balcells J , Jimenez J C , de la Rosa Y , Martínez-Carrillo M A 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThe complex geographical scenario of Mexico allowed the cultural diversification and development of multiple cultures such as Tolteca, Teotihuacan, Mexica, and Maya, among others. Despite this rich cultural heritage, radiometric dating of Mexican cultural samples with radiocarbon (14C) began only in the 1980s and with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) in 2013. Analysis of 14C with AMS is the most widely used technique to date archaeological objects and cultural heritage. Since 2013, the Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LEMA) facility of the Institute of Physics at UNAM (IF-UNAM) has supported archaeological research in Mexico, but also investigation in other areas such as geology, physics, chemistry, and environmental sciences through the analysis of 14C, 10Be, 26Al, 129I, and Pu. The absolute dating with 14C continues to be the core of LEMA’s work, where different geographical scenarios of the country and climatic conditions present very diverse analytical challenges. This work presents a basic description of the AMS system of the LEMA laboratory and describes some applications that are currently being developed.
Acting Irrespective of Hope
Authors: Freyenhagen Fabian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMust we ascribe hope for better times to those who (take themselves to) act morally? Kant and later theorists in the Frankfurt School tradition thought we must. In this article, I disclose that it is possible – and ethical – to refrain from ascribing hope in all such cases. I draw on two key examples of acting irrespective of hope: one from a recent political context and one from the life of Jean Améry. I also suggest that, once we see that it is possible to make sense of (what I call) ‘merely expressive acts’, we can also see that the early Frankfurt School wasnotguilty of a performative contradiction in seeking to enlighten Enlightenment about its (self-)destructive tendencies, while rejecting the (providential) idea of progress.
Towards an Unfettered Critique: Adorno’s Appropriations and Transformations of Kant’s Enlightenment
Authors: Iago Garmon D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMany recent commentators have noticed how Adorno, in his late works, borrows Kant’s definition of enlightenment to define key areas of his own critical practice. These discussions, however, have failed to notice how these late borrowings present an image of Kant’s enlightenment which is diametrically opposed to his previous discussions. By tracing the development of Adorno’s engagement with Kant’s essay, I discover Adorno deliberately sublating Kant’s definition as to enable its incorporation into his own works. Further, the article will examine some problems which appear to arise for Adorno when borrowing Kant’s definition of enlightenment in his late works, which coalesce around the topics of negativism and the prospects for societal change.
Private Autonomy and Public Autonomy: Tensions in Habermas’ Discourse Theory of Law and Politics
Authors: Cooke Maeve 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHabermas dialogically recasts the Kantian conception of moral autonomy. In a legal-political context, his dialogical approach has the potential to redress certain troubling features of liberal and communitarian approaches to democratic politics. Liberal approaches attach greater normative weight to negatively construed individual freedoms, which they seek to protect against the interventions of political authority. Communitarian approaches prioritize the positively construed freedoms of communal political participation, viewing legal-political institutions as a means for collective ethical self-realization. Habermas’ discourse theory of law and democracy seeks to overcome this competition between the negative and positive liberties. Doing so entails reconciling private and public autonomy at a fundamental conceptual level. This is his co-originality thesis, which seeks to show that private and public autonomy are internally connected and evenly balanced. I support his aim but argue that he fails to achieve it due to an unsatisfactory account of private autonomy. I suggest an alternative dialogical conception of autonomy as ethically self-determining agency that would enable him to establish his thesis.
Are UK healthcare professionals equipped to provide information and support on Human Papillomavirus to patients diagnosed with cancer of the head and neck?
Authors: Jopson R. , Callender J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAim:Incidence rates of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) positive head and neck cancer (HNC) are increasing. The aim of this study was to explore the availability of information and the knowledge and confidence of healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in the cancer pathway to provide information on HPV to patients.Materials and method:An online questionnaire was designed using closed and open questions to investigate the availability of patient information for patients diagnosed with HPV-associated HNC; health professional’s knowledge of the information available; and their confidence in discussing the topic. The questionnaire was advertised to health professionals through the British Association of Head and Neck Oncologists website. Twenty-five health professionals from six professions across five UK Cancer Alliances completed the questionnaire between November and December 2018.Results:Nearly half of the participants did not know whether patients were routinely provided with information on HPV following an HPV-positive (HPV+) cancer diagnosis; 52% indicated that specific information was available within their hospital trust, however, there were inconsistencies with participants’ knowledge of the content of the information leaflets currently available. On a scale of 1–100, the mean confidence in providing HPV-related information was 58.Findings:Inconsistencies appear to exist with respect to information about HPV available to patients presenting with HNC. A need has been identified for the education of health professionals involved in the patient care to support information provision.
On the Impact of the Response Options’ Position on Item	Difficulty in Multiple-Choice-Items
Authors: Hagenmüller Bettina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The multiple-choice item format is widely used in test construction and Large-Scale Assessment. So far, there has been little research on the impact of the position of the solution among the response options and the few existing results are even inconsistent. Since it would be an easy way to create parallel items for group setting by altering the response options, the influence of the response options’ position on item difficulty should be examined. The Linear Logistic Test Model ( Fischer, 1972 ) was used to analyze the data of 829 students aged 8–20 years, who worked on general knowledge items. It was found that the position of the solution among the response options has an influence on item difficulty. Items are easiest when the solution is in first place and more difficult when the solution is placed in a middle position or at the end of the set of response options.
A Unique Case of Complex Interaction Between MSTIDs and Mid‐Latitude Field‐Aligned Plasma Depletions Over Geomagnetic Low‐Mid Latitude Transition Region
Authors: Yadav V. , Rathi R. , Sarkhel S. , Chakrabarty D. , Sunil Krishna M. V. , Upadhayaya A. K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOn a geomagnetically quiet night of July 07, 2018, the allsky imager at Hanle, Leh Ladakh (32.7°N, 78.9°E; Mlat. ∼24.1°N), India captured a number of plasma structures in O (1D) 630.0 nm airglow emission. In a short observational period of around 3 h, two different medium scale traveling ionospheric disturbances and two different mid‐latitude plasma depletions were observed. The most interesting aspect of the night was the drastic difference in the behavior of the two plasma depletions, which simultaneously existed within the imager's field of view for a long time. One of the plasma depletions, which we have termed as mid‐latitude field‐aligned plasma depletion, was nearly field aligned, drifted westward very slowly and became more prominent later in the night. The other depletion showed a much more ambiguous behavior with large reduction in its drift as well as significant change in its orientation relative to the geomagnetic meridian. In the present study, we have tried to explain this contrasting behavior in two different scenarios and have discussed arguments supporting each scenario along with their limitations. These observations are particularly useful considering the location of Hanle, which lies at a transition of geomagnetically low‐mid latitudes, which are governed by different electrodynamics.
The Geometry of the Subducted Slab Beneath Sumatra Revealed by Regional and Teleseismic Traveltime Tomography
Authors: Liu Shaolin , Suardi Iman , Xu Xiwei , Yang Shuxin , Tong Ping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe geometry of the subducted Indo‐Australian plate beneath Sumatra is still controversial because of the historical lack of a dense seismic network. Since 2005, Indonesia has been establishing a relatively dense seismic network for real time earthquake monitoring and tsunami warning. The seismic data accumulated by this network make it possible to achieve high‐resolution tomographic images of the velocity structure beneath Sumatra by using eikonal equation‐based seismic tomography method. Our P‐wave tomographic images derived from regional seismic and teleseismic traveltime data demonstrate that the slab in the upper mantle generally follows the strike of the trench and the orientation of the volcanic arc. Additionally, the slab exhibits a sinusoidal shape with a low degree of curvature. Our tomographic results also reveal that the maximum penetration depth of the subducted slab increases from the north to south. The subducted slab beneath the northern tip of Sumatra barely arrives at the 410‐km discontinuity, while the slab in the south penetrates to a depth of at least 660 km. Our inversion further indicates that the subducted slab is characterized by a tear at a depth of 120 km between 0° N and 2° N, which may be closely related to the supervolcanic eruption of the Toba caldera in northern Sumatra during the Pleistocene. Moreover, we report that the dip of the subducted slab varies significantly (i.e., dramatically decreases) across the Sunda Strait; therefore, we infer that another subvertical slab tear exists beneath the Sunda Strait.
Pre‐Alpine Fault Fabrics in Mantle Xenoliths From East Otago, South Island, New Zealand
Authors: Shao Yilun , Prior David J. , Scott James M. , Negrini Marianne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present a quantitative microstructural and seismic property analysis of harzburgitic and lherzolitic xenoliths from East Otago, New Zealand. Olivine crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs) are dominated by orthorhombic CPOs with a tight maxima of [100] orthogonal to (010). Orthopyroxene showed the [001] axes aligned (sub)parallel to the [100] axes of olivine and the (100) plane subparallel to the (010) plane of olivine. Misorientations of olivine subgrain boundaries indicate that dislocations with [100] slip vectors are common and CPOs are interpreted as olivine [100] representing the flow direction and (010) the shear plane. Olivine grains are coarse with lobate grain boundaries, indicative of grain boundary migration at high temperatures. Olivine contains numerous subgrains whilst orthopyroxene is mostly strain‐free and it is possible that orthopyroxene crystallized from melt during deformation. Clinopyroxene lamellae in orthopyroxene, relate to decompressional cooling prior to Alpine Fault movement. Seismic properties derived from the measured CPOs, indicate P‐wave and S‐wave anisotropies at mantle conditions of 4%–10% and 3%–9%, respectively. Calculated shear wave splitting delay times of 0.1–0.9 s, for the current lithospheric mantle thickness, fit seismological observations, suggesting that the xenoliths may be representative of the lithospheric mantle that lies below East Otago today. To explain the seismic data, olivine [100] needs to be subhorizontal and parallel to NNW‐SSE fast polarization directions with [010] subhorizontal and perpendicular to these directions. This is consistent with the East Otago lithospheric mantle containing a fossil vertical shear zone with NNW‐SSE strike slip motion.
Distinguishing Glacial AMOC and Interglacial Non‐AMOC Nd Isotopic Signals in the Deep Western Atlantic Over the Last 1 Myr
Authors: Jaume‐Seguí Maria , Kim Joohee , Pena Leopoldo D. , Goldstein Steven L. , Knudson Karla P. , Yehudai Maayan , Hartman Alison E. , Bolge Louise , Ferretti Patrizia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe global thermohaline circulation plays a major role in regulating global climate, driven by the formation of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). ODP Site 1063 on the Bermuda Rise, at the interface of NADW and Southern Ocean‐sourced water, appears an ideal location to study the relationships between ocean circulation and climate. This study reports Nd isotope ratios at Site 1063 that extend to ~1 Ma. The data show Nd isotope values during portions of interglacials that are much lower than modern NADW. However, interglacial Nd isotope values at Site 607, located within the core of NADW, off the abyssal seafloor in the North Atlantic, are consistently similar to modern NADW. In contrast to glacial values, we infer that interglacial Nd isotopes at Site 1063 are not representative of NADW and do not solely record water mass mixing. We conclude that the low Ndisotope ratios reflect regional particle‐seawater exchange as a consequence of input of freshly ground bedrock from the Canadian shield, which is eroded into the North Atlantic during major ice sheet retreats. The result is a deep, thin, and regionally constrained layer of seawater tagged with this anomalous low Nd isotope signature that is unrepresentative of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). We suggest that a benthic nepheloid layer, whose development is linked to the behavior of a deep‐recirculating gyre system, regulated by the interaction between the Gulf Stream and the deep western boundary current, facilitates the periodic masking of the Nd isotope signature of the North Atlantic AMOC end‐member in this region at these depths.
Dust‐Drought Nexus in the Southwestern United States: A Proxy‐Model Comparison Approach
Authors: Arcusa S. H. , McKay N. P. , Carrillo C. M. , Ault T. R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe U.S. Southwest is naturally prone to dust and drought. With a high risk of unprecedented drought in the future due to climate change, changes in the dust cycle are expected. Whereas paleo records of dust deposition from the region suggest that past megadroughts did not coincide with elevated dust levels, modern studies indicate higher dust during drier conditions. To examine this disagreement, we compare regional paleo records to output from the Community Earth System Model Last Millennium Ensemble experiment. We investigate the role of hydroclimate on dust emissions in the model and analyze how modeled dust during megadroughts compares to all other years. We find that bare ground, as directly modulated by the density of vegetation cover and indirectly by hydroclimate, is the primary control on simulated dust emissions in the Southwest. Furthermore, we find slightly (but significantly) higher dust emission during megadroughts than during years without megadroughts in the model. Using a simple forward modeling approach to assess the impact of age uncertainty in the regional dust records, we find that age uncertainty can explain most of the paleo data/model disagreement. The remaining difference could be related to processes that are not included in the model that inhibit dust emissions during drought, including brown vegetation and soil crusts. Our results suggest the dust‐drought nexus is a continuum and that the impact of drought on dust cycling is subtle.
Deep Thermohaline Circulation Across the Closure of the Central American Seaway
Authors: Öğretmen N. , Schiebel R. , Jochum K. P. , Stoll B. , Weis U. , Repschläger J. , Jentzen A. , Galer S. , Haug G. H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe closure of the Central American Seaway (CAS) resulted in changes of ocean‐climate dynamics since the late Miocene following the uplift of northern Andes. Reconstructing the bottom‐water temperatures (BWTs) of the Caribbean Sea illustrates feedbacks of the closure on the ocean‐climate system including deep‐water dynamics of the Caribbean Sea. Here, Mg/Ca‐derived BWTs of the Plio‐Pleistocene Caribbean Sea from the benthic foraminifer Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi are presented for the first time and interpreted along with Na/Ca and Sr/Ca as proxies of salinity and continental input, respectively. Our results highlight several warm (93, Gi15‐19, and N1) and cool (92, M2, Gi20, and CN4) marine isotope stages (MISs). Accordingly, changes in the circulation of deep‐water masses during the CAS closure developed in four main time intervals: (I) between 5.2 and 4.1 Ma (million years ago) BWT was ~1.1°C, (II) 4.1–3.2 Ma ~2.1°C, (III) 3.2–2.7 Ma ~2.7°C, and (IV) 2.7–2.2 Ma ~2.1°C. Relatively higher, gradually increased temperatures between 3.2 and 2.7 Ma correspond to late Pliocene warmth and restricted inflow of Pacific waters into the Caribbean due to shoaling of the CAS. In addition, Sr/Ca values reveal gradually escalating terrigenous input until 2.7 Ma most likely related to the increased river discharge in response to the Andean uplift. The gradual decrease of the BWTs from 2.7 Ma may have resulted from the onset of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation. Overall, BWTs match with previous sea surface temperatures from the planktic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina dutertrei. The BWTs presented here confirm intensified thermohaline circulation during the overall Pliocene warmth with increased bottom‐water Na/Ca values indicating enhanced salinity.