bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In‐situ and ex‐situ conservation priorities and distribution of lentil wild relatives under climate change: A modelling approach
Authors: Rouichi Salma , Ghanem Michel Edmond , Amri Moez 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Lentil wild relatives are an important source of desirable traits that can be used for improving the productivity and resilience of cultivated lentil. Yet, our understanding of their habitat suitability and associated environmental factors remains limited. This study aimed to (i) assess climate change's impact on the potential distribution of six wild lentil species (Lens culinaris subsp. orientalis, L. culinaris subsp. tomentosus, L. culinaris subsp. odemensis, Lens ervoides, Lens lamotte and Lens nigricans) under various climate scenarios and (ii) assess their risk of extinction and determine their in‐situ and ex‐situ conservation status.

We used a species distribution modelling approach with MaxEnt to assess the present and future potential distribution of wild lentil species. Extinction risk was evaluated based on International Union of Conservation of Nature criterion B, and the conservation status was assessed using the GapAnalysis method.

The precipitation of the coldest quarter (bio19) and the minimum temperature of the coldest month (bio6) were found as the most important variables influencing the distribution of wild lentil species. Final Conservation Score (FCS) ranged from 17.85 and 37.55, highlighting three wild lentil species (L. ervoides, L. nigricans, and L. culinaris subsp. tomentosus) with high priority for conservation and medium priority for the remaining species. L. culinaris subsp. tomentosus is categorized as a vulnerable species, while the other five species are of least concern or near threatened.

Synthesis and applications: This study underscores the urgent need for policy development to safeguard the diversity of lentil wild relatives in the face of climate change. The identified vulnerability of Lens culinaris subsp. tomentosus, among others, needs prompt and proactive conservation actions. Key management practices include the establishment and expansion of protected areas, habitat restoration, and the promotion of sustainable land use practices. The integration of effective in‐situ and ex‐situ conservation strategies, along with ecological management practices, is essential. These measures, not only, enhance biodiversity conservation but also improve the resilience of agricultural ecosystems. Such an approach is pivotal in shaping effective conservation management practices for lentil wild relatives, promoting a sustainable agricultural system and ensuring food security in an evolving climate scenario.
The Use of Novel Therapies in the Management of Haemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn (HDFN)
Authors: Cordell V. , Soe A. , Latham T. , Bills V. L. ,   the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
Published: December 2024

Plain language summaryHaemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is a rare condition that causes a baby to develop anaemia while growing inside the woman; or after birth. Left untreated, this may lead to stillbirth or neonatal death.HDFN is caused when the pregnant woman's antibodies cross the placenta, enter the baby's circulation, and attach to proteins called antigens (inherited from the father) on the baby's haemoglobin containing red blood cells, and cause them to break apart, causing fetal anaemia.Women routinely have their blood tested at the start of pregnancy to assess their ABO blood group and Rh antigens. There are five main Rhesus antigens: D, C, c, E, e; with anti‐D being responsible for most cases of HDFN. If a woman is found to be Rh D negative; a ‘non‐invasive’ blood test is performed to assess if the fetal blood group is the same as the woman's. If a woman is found to be Rh D negative, and the baby is found to be D positive, the baby is at risk. This is because the baby has inherited the D antigen from the father; so‐called Rhesus incompatibility. Other red blood cell antibodies such as anti‐Kell or anti‐Duffy can also cause fetal anaemia. Women at highest risk of developing HDFN are those who have had at least one previous birth or a sensitising event (such as abdominal trauma) in a current or previous pregnancy, causing the woman and baby's blood to mix.Current treatment for haemolytic disease of the fetus involves giving fetal blood transfusions, with a small risk of early labour or pregnancy loss. If anaemia develops later in pregnancy, early delivery of the baby may be recommended; which could lead to complications of prematurity. In cases of mild HDFN, the baby may only require light therapy for neonatal jaundice. However, if the anaemia occurs earlier in pregnancy and is severe, the baby may need blood transfusions while still in the womb ‐ and after birth may require an exchange transfusion, to remove the woman's antibodies from their circulation and to treat the anaemia.Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a potential non‐invasive method to prevent or delay the onset of severe anaemia. It is a blood product given intravenously every week to women who have been deemed at very high risk of early onset HDFN. It can be started at the end of the first trimester until birth, or until anaemia develops. This paper will discuss the evidence behind IVIG and other novel therapies during pregnancy, including the risks and the benefits. The developers of the paper include obstetricians, neonatologists and haematologists to provide different opinions on this topic.
The therapeutic effect of different cumin essential oil fractions against gastric ulcer in rats
Authors: Lu Shuai , Suo Feiya , Yu Wenfeng , Wu Guofeng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCumin, a popular spice, is widely used to treat stomach ailments in Central Asia and Xinjiang, China. Cumin essential oil has been found to effectively treat gastric ulcers, but its pharmacodynamic basis remains unclear. In this study, cumin essential oil was directly separated using column chromatography, and its components were identified through multi‐dimensional gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Finally, the cumin essential oil was fractionated into E1, E2, and E3. The effects of these fractions on gastric ulcers were studied using an anhydrous ethanol‐induced rat model. The results indicated that the three fractions decreased ulcer index, gastric fluid pH, and pepsin activity to different extents. They lowered the levels of prostaglandin E2, gastrin, and epidermal growth factor in rat serum. According to an analysis of the above indices, E3 fraction had the best anti‐ulcer effect. The detection results of the oxidative stress and inflammatory factors showed that all three fractions relieved the ethanol‐induced oxidative stress and reduced the release of inflammatory factors to varying degrees. The E3 fraction played the most significant role. The E3 fraction was selected to explore the relevant mechanism, and the results showed that E3 fraction significantly prevented the cleaved caspase‐3 and Bax protein levels that were ethanol‐induced and resisted apoptosis induced by ethanol injury. The western blot results for detecting the NF‐κB‐related pathway protein showed that E3 fraction significantly inhibited the activation of p‐p65, p‐IKKβ, and p‐IκBα. The study found that the E3 fraction of cumin essential oil had the most effective anti‐ulcer effect by inhibiting NF‐κB activation and apoptosis, thus reducing inflammation.
ChirpArray: A low‐cost, easy‐to‐construct microphone array for long‐term ecoacoustic monitoring
Authors: Okamoto Ryotaro , Oguma Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Advances in passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) have highlighted the importance of recording devices and audio recognition techniques in ecosystem monitoring.

This study introduces ChirpArray, a cost‐effective and easily assembled microphone array for long‐term ecoacoustic monitoring of outdoor ecosystems. The ChirpArray system features a four‐channel microphone array that estimates sound source directions, aids in identifying individual animals and provides a detailed behavioural analysis.

Unlike previous microphone arrays, ChirpArray is low‐cost, low‐power and waterproof, making it ideal for extended‐field monitoring. It is a fully open source and is constructed from readily available materials, ensuring broad accessibility for applications ranging from local citizen projects to large‐scale landscape recordings. This study details the power, storage consumption and localization performance of ChirpArray.

Current measurements show that a small solar‐power set‐up can continuously operate the system. Localization tests using loudspeakers have yielded promising results. ChirpArray is a compact, energy‐efficient microphone array designed for long‐term outdoor recording, offering considerable advantages in ecoacoustic monitoring. Its exceptionally low power consumption allows for efficient and flexible deployment, making it an ideal solution for extended‐field monitoring and large‐scale landscape recordings.
The Role of P‐Wave Variables in Enhancing Prediction of New‐Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yang Na , Li Xiaoyan , Wu Bo , Dai Longhao , Yang Shaobin , Zhang Qinning , Jia Shaobin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAfter acute myocardial infarction (AMI), it is common to observe new‐onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF), which is often related to a negative prognosis. Some P‐wave variables (P‐wave duration [PWD], P‐wave amplitude, and interatrial block [IAB]), reflecting the process of electrical and structural remodeling, could predict the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to assess the predictive value of P‐wave variables for post‐AMI NOAF.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 1581 AMI patients with no prior AF, using follow‐up data from January 2023 to January 2024. P‐wave variables were measured, and patients were grouped based on in‐hospital NOAF occurrence.ResultsOverall, 164 (10.3%) of the 1581 patients had NOAF. The age (61.08 ± 12.02 vs. 67.91 ± 11.60, p < 0.001), left atrial size (36.31 ± 3.94 vs. 39.12 ± 5.51, p < 0.001), Brain Natriuretic Peptide (1588.45 ± 3346.18 vs. 3864.39 ± 6251.92, p < 0.001), P‐wave variables (PWD: 102.78 ± 12.56 vs. 117.88 ± 18.81, p < 0.001; P‐wave amplitude: 0.12 ± 0.04 vs. 0.13 ± 0.04, p = 0.041; interatrial block: 89.6% vs. 10.3%, p < 0.001), congestive heart failure (4.7% vs. 23.2%, p < 0.001), and Killip > 1 (25.3% vs. 55.5%, p < 0.001) showed significant differences between the non‐AF and NOAF groups. P‐wave variables were significantly associated with an increased risk of NOAF in multivariable regression analysis.ConclusionsThe addition of P‐wave variables to AF risk factors from literature and guidelines significantly improved NOAF risk discrimination. P‐wave variables were strongly associated with NOAF after AMI. Adding these variables enhanced the predictive performance for post‐AMI NOAF.
Development and Validation of a Multimodal Machine Learning Model for Diagnosing and Assessing Risk of Crohn's Disease in Patients With Perianal Fistula
Authors: Xiang Yu , Yang Fan , Yuan Fen , Gong Yuxia , Li Jing , Wang Xiaoxiao , Sun Xueliang , Zhang Heng , Wang Can , Zhu Zhenxing , Chen Qi , Chen Hongjin , Zhu Weiming , Qiao Lichao , Yang Bolin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDiagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) can pose challenges, particularly when perianal fistula is the initial presentation.AimTo develop and validate a predictive model, establishing a visual web tool for early diagnosis of CD in patients presenting with perianal fistula.MethodsThis retrospective, multicentre validation study involved patients diagnosed with either perianal fistulising CD or cryptoglandular fistula who underwent initial perianal fistula surgery subsequent to rectal MRI at three Chinese centres from September 2016 to December 2020. A random forest classification model was trained on the derivation cohort (n = 550), randomly split into training and test sets at a 7:3 ratio. Validation utilised data from two external centres (n = 300). Model interpretation employed the Shapley Addictive explanation (SHAP) framework. The validated model was integrated into a web tool for calculating patient‐specific risk.ResultsIn the derivation cohort, SHAP analysis highlighted rectal wall ulceration, rectal wall thickening, submucosal fistula, and T2 hyperintensity as risk factors, while age was identified as protective. A random forest classification model developed using these top 5 features achieved an AUROC of 0.9425 (95% CI: 0.8943–0.9906). In the validation cohort, the model performed well with AUROC values of 0.9187 (95% CI: 0.8620–0.9754) and 0.9341 (95% CI: 0.8876–0.9806), respectively. We developed a publicly accessible web‐based application.ConclusionWe have developed a multimodal machine learning model and a web tool that can predict and present CD risk in patients initially presenting with perianal fistula.
Coping with peer suicidality, help‐seeking intentions, and suicidal attitudes among Asian adolescents: a mixed‐methods study in Hong Kong
Authors: Chen Sikky Shiqi , Lam Tai Pong , Lam Kwok Fai , Lo Tak Lam , Chao David Vai Kiong , Mak Ki Yan , Lam Edmund Wing Wo , Tang Wai Sin , Chan Hoi Yan , Yip Paul Siu Fai 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundAdaptive responses to peer suicidality and the involvement of professional help are crucial for adolescent suicide prevention and may be influenced by suicidal attitudes. This study aimed to explore Hong Kong adolescents' responses to and help‐seeking intentions for suicidal peers and to examine the influence of suicidal attitudes.MethodThis study used an exploratory sequential mixed‐methods approach targeting Hong Kong adolescents aged 15–19 between September 2018 and October 2019. Adolescents' reactions to peer suicidality, suicidal attitudes, and willingness to help were examined through six focus groups and 12 individual interviews (N = 40). A cross‐sectional survey (N = 1676) was subsequently conducted to investigate the prevalence of different responses to peer suicidality, help‐seeking intentions, differences by background characteristics, and the impacts of suicidal attitudes.ResultsQualitative findings revealed three major themes: attitudes toward suicide, reactions to peer distress and suicidality, and willingness to help suicidal individuals. Most survey respondents reported actively responding and seeking informal help, but not professional support. Differences were observed based on sex, academic performance, and self‐suicidality. Notably, a stigmatizing attitude was positively associated with both response types and informal help‐seeking intentions. The belief that suicide is unpreventable was positively associated with passive responses but negatively associated with active responses and informal help‐seeking intentions.ConclusionsOur findings highlight variability in adolescents' responses to peer suicidality and help‐seeking intentions, underscoring the need for attitude‐tailored courses and more systematic, action‐based gatekeeper training. Recommendations are provided to enhance the effectiveness of mental health first aid programs through public education, school interventions, and media campaigns.
Microglial Mayhem NLRP3 Inflammasome's Role in Multiple Sclerosis Pathology
Authors: Fan Hua , Fu Qizhi , Du Ganqin , Qin Ling , Shi Xiaofei , Wang Dongmei , Yang Yanhui 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis review delves into the intricate relationship between NLR inflammasomes, particularly the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the immune‐mediated neurodegenerative disease, multiple sclerosis (MS). While the precise etiology of MS remains elusive, compelling research underscores the pivotal role of the immune response in disease progression. Notably, recent investigations highlight the significant involvement of NLRP3 inflammasomes in various autoimmune diseases, prompting an in‐depth exploration of their impact on MS.MethodThe review focuses on elucidating the activation mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasomes within microglia/macrophages (MG/MФ), examining how this activation promotes an inflammatory response that exacerbates neuronal damage in MS. A comprehensive analysis of existing literature and research findings forms the basis for understanding the intricate interplay between NLRP3 inflammasomes and MS pathogenesis.ResultsSynthesizing current research, the review provides insight into the pivotal role played by NLR inflammasomes, specifically NLRP3, in MS. Emphasis is placed on the inflammatory response orchestrated by activated MG/MФ, elucidating the cascade that perpetuates neuronal damage in the disease.ConclusionsThis review concludes by consolidating key findings and offering a nuanced perspective on the role of NLRP3 inflammasomes in MS pathogenesis. The detailed exploration of the activation process within MG/MФ provides a foundation for understanding the disease's underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, the review sets the stage for potential therapeutic strategies targeting NLRP3 inflammasomes in the pursuit of MS treatment.
Potential and Challenges of Transcranial Photobiomodulation for the Treatment of Stroke
Authors: Li Siyue , Wong Thomson W. L. , Ng Shamay S. M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPhotobiomodulation (PBM), also known as low‐level laser therapy, employs red or near‐infrared light emitted from a laser or light‐emitting diode for the treatment of various conditions. Transcranial PBM (tPBM) is a form of PBM that is delivered to the head to improve brain health, as tPBM enhances mitochondrial function, improves antioxidant responses, reduces inflammation, offers protection from apoptosis, improves blood flow, increases cellular energy production, and promotes neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. As such, tPBM holds promise as a treatment for stroke. This review summarizes recent findings on tPBM as a treatment for stroke, presenting evidence from both animal studies and clinical trials that demonstrate its efficacy. Additionally, it discusses the potential and challenges encountered in the translation process. Furthermore, it proposes new technologies and directions for the development of light‐delivery methods and emphasizes the need for extensive studies to validate and widen the application of tPBM in future treatments for stroke.
Esketamine Provides Neuroprotection After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice via the NTF3/PI3K/AKT Pathway
Authors: Niu Xiaoyu , Zheng Yuanyuan , Wang Wang , Zhang Liwei , Wang Shaoshuai , Lu Xihua , Wang Junyang , Yang Gaiqing , Zhao Ting , Li Qiang , Li Nan , Wang Junmin , Wang Jian , Li Changsheng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEsketamine (ESK), a noncompetitive antagonist of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors, modulates neurotransmitter signaling in the central nervous system. However, the specific mechanisms and therapeutic potential of ESK for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether ESK promotes nerve repair and improves neurological outcomes in an experimental model of ICH.MethodsICH was induced in mice via collagenase injection into the striatum. Body weight, neurological impairment, and behavioral changes were assessed. ESK administration significantly improved several indicators of ICH. Comprehensive RNA transcriptome sequencing and network pharmacology analyses identified neurotrophin‐3 (NTF3) and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway as targets for ESK treatment. Western blotting and immunofluorescence detected the protein expression levels and cellular localization of NTF3.ResultsAfter 28 days of adeno‐associated virus infection in the mouse striatum, ESK treatment significantly enhanced neuroprotection, indicating the crucial role of NTF3 in ESK‐mediated neuroprotection in ICH mice. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway using the PI3K‐specific inhibitor LY294002 significantly attenuated the therapeutic effects of ESK, suggesting that this pathway is involved in ESK‐mediated neurorepair in ICH mice.ConclusionsESK treatment significantly improved functional outcomes and demonstrated neuroprotective effects in animal models of ICH. NTF3/PI3K/AKT pathway activation by ESK indicates its therapeutic potential in the treatment of ICH.
Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Transplantation Reduces White Matter Injury in a Fetal Goat Model
Authors: Yue Yan , Deng Bixin , Zeng Yan , Li Wenxing , Qiu Xia , Hu Peng , Shen LiuHong , Ruan Tiechao , Zhou Ruixi , Li Shiping , Ying Junjie , Xiong Tao , Qu Yi , Luan Zuo , Mu Dezhi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPreterm white matter injury (PWMI) is the most common type of brain injury in preterm infants, in which, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are predominantly damaged. In this study, human OPCs (hOPCs) were administered to a fetal goat model of PWMI to examine the differentiation potential and therapeutic effects of the cells on PWMI.MethodsPreterm goat fetuses were subjected to hypoxic‐ischemia (HI) via intermittent umbilical cord occlusion (5 min × 5). Twenty million hOPCs were administered via a nasal catheter 12 h after an HI insult, and brain tissues were collected 14 or 21 days after the HI insult. Myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) were detected by immunofluorescence and western blotting techniques. The percentage of myelinated nerve fibers and g‐ratio were examined using transmission electron microscopy. Inflammatory cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. Inflammatory and neurotrophic factors were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsOur results showed that intermittent umbilical cord occlusion induced PWMI in fetal goats. Transplanted hOPCs can survive in periventricular and subcortical white matter. Further, transplanted hOPCs expressed markers of mature oligodendrocytes (MBP and MAG) and few cells expressed markers of preoligodendrocytes (NG2 and A2B5), suggesting that these cells can differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes in the brain. In addition, hOPCs administration increased MBP and MAG levels, percentage of myelinated nerve fibers, and thickness of the myelin sheath, indicating a reduction in PWMI. Furthermore, hOPCs did not increase the inflammatory response after HI. Interestingly, hOPC administration decreased tumor necrosis factor‐alpha and increased glial‐derived neurotrophic factor and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor levels after HI, suggesting that additional mechanisms mediate the inflammatory microenvironment and neuroprotective effects.ConclusionsExogenous hOPCs can differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes in fetal goats and alleviate HI‐induced PWMI. Transplantation of hOPCs is a promising strategy for treating PWMI.