bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraarticular Adeno‐Associated Virus Serotype AAV‐PHP.S–Mediated Chemogenetic Targeting of Knee‐Innervating Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons Alleviates Inflammatory Pain in Mice
Authors: Chakrabarti Sampurna , Pattison Luke A. , Doleschall Balint , Rickman Rebecca H. , Blake Helen , Callejo Gerard , Heppenstall Paul A. , Smith Ewan St. John 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveJoint pain is the major clinical symptom of arthritis that affects millions of people. Controlling the excitability of knee‐innervating dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons (knee neurons) could potentially provide pain relief. We undertook this study to evaluate whether the newly engineered adeno‐associated virus (AAV) serotype, AAV‐PHP.S, can deliver functional artificial receptors to control knee neuron excitability following intraarticular knee injection.MethodsThe AAV‐PHP.S virus, packaged with dTomato fluorescent protein and either excitatory (Gq) or inhibitory (Gi) designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs), was injected into the knee joints of adult mice. Labeling of DRG neurons with AAV‐PHP.S from the knee was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The functionality of Gq‐ and Gi‐DREADDs was evaluated using whole‐cell patch clamp electrophysiology on acutely cultured DRG neurons. Pain behavior in mice was assessed using a digging assay, dynamic weight bearing, and rotarod performance, before and after intraperitoneal administration of the DREADD activator, Compound 21.ResultsWe showed that AAV‐PHP.S can deliver functional genes into ~7% of lumbar DRG neurons when injected into the knee joint in a similar manner to the well‐established retrograde tracer, fast blue. Short‐term activation of AAV‐PHP.S–delivered Gq‐DREADD increased excitability of knee neurons in vitro (P = 0.02 by unpaired t‐test), without inducing overt pain in mice when activated in vivo. By contrast, in vivo Gi‐DREADD activation alleviated digging deficits induced by Freund's complete adjuvant–mediated knee inflammation (P = 0.0002 by repeated‐measures analysis of variance [ANOVA] followed by Holm‐Sidak multiple comparisons test). A concomitant decrease in knee neuron excitability was observed in vitro (P = 0.005 by ANOVA followed by Holm‐Sidak multiple comparisons test).ConclusionWe describe an AAV‐mediated chemogenetic approach to specifically control joint pain, which may be utilized in translational arthritic pain research.
Diagnostic accuracy of acute diverticulitis with unenhanced low-dose CT
Authors: Thorisson A , Nikberg M , Torkzad M R , Laurell H , Smedh K , Chabok A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of unenhanced low-dose CT (LDCT) in acute colonic diverticulitis in comparison with contrast-enhanced standard-dose CT (SDCT).

Methods
All patients with clinically suspected diverticulitis who underwent LDCT followed by SDCT between January and October 2017 were evaluated prospectively. CT examinations were assessed for signs of diverticulitis, complications and other differential diagnoses by three independent radiologists (two consultants and one fourth-year resident) using SDCT as the reference method. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated and Cohen's κ coefficient was used for agreement analyses.

Results
Of the 149 patients included (mean age 66·7 years, M : F ratio 0·4), 107 (71·8 per cent) had imaging consistent with diverticulitis on standard CT. Sensitivity and specificity values for a diverticulitis diagnosis using LDCT were 95–99 and 86–100 per cent respectively, and respective values for identification of complications were 58–73 and 78–100 per cent. The corresponding κ values among the three readers for diagnosis were 0·984, 0·934 and 0·816, whereas κ values for complications were 0·680, 0·703 and 0·354. Of the 26 patients who presented with other causes of abdominal symptoms identified on standard CT, 23 were diagnosed correctly on LDCT. Missed cases included splenic infarction (1) and segmental colitis (2).

Conclusion
The diagnostic accuracy of LDCT was high for the presence of acute diverticulitis. However, as signs of complicated disease can be missed using the low-dose protocol, use of LDCT as a primary examination method should not preclude SDCT when complications may be suspected.
Dynamics of cerebral oxygenation during rapid ventricular pacing and its impact on outcome in transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Seppelt Philipp C. , Mas‐Peiro Silvia , De Rosa Roberta , Murray Isabell M. , Arsalan Mani , Holzer Lars , Lotz Gösta , Meybohm Patrick , Zacharowski Kai , Walther Thomas , Zeiher Andreas M. , Fichtlscherer Stephan , Vasa‐Nicotera Mariuca 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCerebral O2 saturation (ScO2) reflects cerebral perfusion and can be measured noninvasively by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).ObjectivesIn this pilot study, we describe the dynamics of ScO2 during TAVI in nonventilated patients and its impact on procedural outcome.Methods and ResultsWe measured ScO2 of both frontal lobes continuously by NIRS in 50 consecutive analgo‐sedated patients undergoing transfemoral TAVI (female 58%, mean age 80.8 years). Compared to baseline ScO2 dropped significantly during RVP (59.3% vs. 53.9%, p < .01). Five minutes after RVP ScO2 values normalized (post RVP 62.6% vs. 53.9% during RVP, p < .01; pre 61.6% vs. post RVP 62.6%, p = .53). Patients with an intraprocedural pathological ScO2 decline of >20% (n = 13) had higher EuroSCORE II (3.42% vs. 5.7%, p = .020) and experienced more often delirium (24% vs. 62%, p = .015) and stroke (0% vs. 23%, p < .01) after TAVI. Multivariable logistic regression revealed higher age and large ScO2 drops as independent risk factors for delirium.ConclusionsDuring RVP ScO2 significantly declined compared to baseline. A ScO2 decline of >20% is associated with a higher incidence of delirium and stroke and a valid cut‐off value to screen for these complications. NIRS measurement during TAVI procedure may be an easy to implement diagnostic tool to detect patients at high risks for cerebrovascular complications and delirium.
Flipping syncope: The case of an adolescent athlete with syncopal episodes ultimately diagnosed with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Kramer Collin C. , Maldonado Jennifer R. , Kimball Ashley , Law Ian H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCatecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a channelopathy which can lead to fatal ventricular arrhythmias. The diagnosis can be challenging due to a wide variety of clinical presentations. In this case, we describe the unusual presentation and subsequent workup of a young patient who was ultimately diagnosed with CPVT.
Utility of Doppler ultrasound derived hepatic and portal venous waveforms in the management of heart failure exacerbation
Authors: Singh Shashank , Koratala Abhilash 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDoppler ultrasound assessment of hepatic and portal vein waveforms aids in the management of patients with heart failure by noninvasively monitoring the efficacy of decongestive therapy. In the right clinical context, these waveforms can be used as an adjunct to physical examination and inferior vena cava ultrasound.
Novel use of fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy to diagnose cervical cancer in a low‐resource setting: A case series Morovia, Liberia
Authors: Alele David , Dahn Bernice , Camanor Sia , Ikpi Edet , Lieber Molly , Dottino Andrew , Johnson Billy , Gharoro Etedafe P. , Beddoe Ann Marie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe role of pathology in improving cancer in resource‐limited countries is essential, yet many barriers exist. FNA is a rapid, low‐cost and efficient method for diagnosing cancer, planning treatment, and building a cancer registry.
Trinexapac‐ethyl applications and lightweight rolling on ultradwarf bermudagrass putting greens
Authors: Reasor Eric H. , Brosnan James T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPlant growth regulator (PGR) applications are a common practice in managing ultradwarf bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. ×C. transvaalensisBurtt‐Davy] putting greens. Trinexapac‐ethyl (TE) is a frequently used PGR to reduce the rapid shoot growth that could reduce ball roll distance (BRD) and increase turfgrass quality. Lightweight rolling (LWR) of putting greens is a practice implemented to sustain or increase BRD. The objective of this research was to determine effects of weekly TE applications and LWR on the BRD and turfgrass quality of an ultradwarf bermudagrass putting green. Experiments were conducted in Knoxville, TN, and Starkville, MS, on a ‘MiniVerde’ ultradwarf bermudagrass putting green. Trinexapac‐ethyl treatments included 0, 0.008, 0.024, or 0.072 lb a.i. acre−1wk−1and LWR five times per week. Ball roll distance was measured with a Pelzmeter in 2016 and a Stimpmeter in 2017. Turfgrass quality was visually assessed at both locations on a 1 to 9 scale, with ratings of ≥ 6 being acceptable. At both locations, the BRDs of plots treated with 0.024 lb TE acre−1wk−1with LWR were only 5 inch less than 0.072 lb TE acre−1wk−1without LWR, a difference that is likely to be imperceptible to golfers. In addition, TE applied at 0.024 lb a.i. acre−1wk−1consistently yielded greater turfgrass quality than 0.072 lb TE acre−1wk−1. Implementing LWR practices with TE application rates at 0.024 lb acre−1wk−1can provide similar BRD and increased turfgrass quality as TE applied at 0.072 lb acre−1wk−1without LWR.
Orthogonal Photoswitching with Norbornadiene
Authors: Drøhse Kilde Martin , Broløs Line , Mansø Mads , Mogensen Josefine , Gregers Tortzen Christian , Brøndsted Nielsen Mogens 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOrthogonal photoswitching is a convenient but challenging way of controlling multiple functions in a system by selective photoisomerization of one unit before the other in any arbitrarily chosen sequence. Here, we present this concept for the norbornadiene/quadricyclane (NBD/QC) photo/thermo‐switch in the presence or absence of a coordinated metal ion. Thus, introducing two pyridyl ligands via ethyne‐1,2‐diyl bridges provides a system that by chelation of metal ions, such as PdII, has altered optical and switching properties. Mixing the PdII complex with its free ligand furnishes a four‐state system where NBD‐to‐QC photoisomerizations for complexed and uncomplexed species are controlled by the irradiation wavelength and can occur orthogonally, that is, the sequence of photoisomerizations can be swapped. Studies on AgI and PbII complexes, being less stable than the PdII complex, are also presented; these exhibit like the PdII complex significantly red‐shifted NBD absorptions.
Understanding and enhancing the direct contact membrane distillation performance by modified heat transfer correlation
Authors: Ali Emadadeen , Hadj‐Kali Mohamed , Orfi Jamel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe sensitivity of direct contact membrane distillation to feed temperatures and feed flow rate is investigated experimentally. At very low flow rates, the process becomes heat transfer limited where the thermal energy of the aqueous feed solution is lost by the conduction resistance minimizing the distillate production. At high flow rates, the film heat transfer coefficient for both liquid solutions increases, creating a larger temperature difference across the membrane boundaries. Hence, the mass fluxes increase linearly with the water flow rate. These findings are also assessed by simulating the heat and mass transfer equations that describe the membrane distillation (MD) thermo‐physical operation. It is found that the underlying physics of the MD module must faithfully capture and explain the true process behaviour. Hence, a modified correlation for the Nusselt number is developed and tested.
Combining safety approaches to bring hazards into focus: An oil sands tailings case study
Authors: Baker Kathleen E. , Macciotta Pulisci Renato , Hendry Michael T. , Lefsrud Lianne M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAt least 50 hazardous occurrences associated with tailings facilities occurred in the Canadian mining industry between 2000‐2014. Further investigation revealed a dearth of information on worker safety around tailings storage and transport facilities. Workers at oil sands tailings operations are exposed to hazardous scenarios, including loss of containment and line of fire. These are the similar scenarios that manifest in traditional process industries, with the notable differences between traditional process industries and tailings operations being the frequency of incidents, pressures, volumes, and temperatures. The presence of hazardous scenarios and lack of incident reviews illustrate the need for increased attention to be paid to worker safety at oil sand tailings operations as well as enhancements to current hazard identification tools. Process safety management tools such as bow tie diagrams can be applied to tailings operations to visually identify unwanted events (process and occupational health and safety related), potential threats, consequences, and controls used to prevent incidents from occurring. They also serve as a tool for continuous improvement and show any over‐reliance on one type of control, such as administrative controls or personal protective equipment. This research combines safety approaches using the bow tie analysis of seven hazardous operational activities in the oil sands tailings operations as a case study. The impact of behavioural safety on the controls is also analyzed. This research facilitated the sharing of tailings safety best practices among oil sands operators and regional contractors.
Red mud (aluminum industrial waste): An eco‐friendly treatment of electroplating effluent
Authors: Verma Bharti , Balomajumder Chandrajit 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this work, aluminum industrial waste, red mud (RM), was activated to verify its potential in the management of electroplating wastewater containing hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). A comparison between the adsorption capabilities of RM and activated red mud (ARM) towards Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions was made. The effects of several parameters were evaluated. The adsorbents were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The particle size was observed as 23.59 nm. The ARM demonstrated an acceptable adsorption capacity of 25.641 mg/g at a pH of 2, adsorbent dosage of 2 g/L, initial Cr(VI) concentration of 100 mg/L, at 25°C. The experimental data is in good agreement with Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The kinetic study was performed to verify that the adsorption follows pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. In addition, the ARM showed decent recyclability for adsorbing Cr(VI) as even after three adsorption cycles, and the adsorption capacity was reduced by ~30%. The results recommend ARM to be an efficient and cost‐effective adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal from industrial wastewater.
Efficient Pd‐Catalyzed C—H Oxidative Bromination of Arenes with Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Hydrobromic Acid†
Authors: Yuan Yizhi , Liang Yujie , Shi Shihui , Liang Yu‐Feng , Jiao Ning 
Published: May 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionWe have developed an efficient Pd‐catalyzed directed C—H bromination protocol, in which dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is employed as oxidant with hydrobromic acid aqueous solution (HBr(aq)) as bromide source. The DMSO/HBr(aq) system, which is novelly and efficiently utilized in transition‐metal catalyzed C—H activation, illustrates its practicability by the operational simplicity, inexpensive and readily available starting materials, and high bromide‐atom economy.
Driving the Future with Photocatalytic Solar Fuels
Authors: Zhang Tierui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTierui Zhang
is a full Professor in Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the director of Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, CAS. He is associate editor of Science Bulletin and also serves as an editorial board member for several peer‐reviewed journals including Advanced Energy Materials, ChemPhysChem, Scientific Reports, and Solar RRL. He has published more than 200 papers in refereed SCI journals, including Nat. Commun., Chem. Soc. Rev., Adv. Mater., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., and J. Am. Chem. Soc., with total number of citations >14000 and a h‐index of 64. He was named in the annual Highly Cited Researchers 2018/2019 List by Clarivate Analytics. He was supported by an Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship, Royal Society‐Newton Advanced Fellowship, National High‐Level Talents Special Support Program, “Outstanding Young Scholars” of the National Science Fund, and so on. He is the recipient of numerous awards including 2019 “Nano Research Young Innovators Award” in NanoEnergy and Outstanding Young Scientist in Photochemistry and Photocatalysis. He was named a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC) in 2017.
Species‐specific responses to combined water stress and increasing temperatures in two bee‐pollinated congeners (Echium, Boraginaceae)
Authors: Descamps Charlotte , Marée Sophie , Hugon Sophie , Quinet Muriel , Jacquemart Anne‐Laure 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWater stress and increasing temperatures are two main constraints faced by plants in the context of climate change. These constraints affect plant physiology and morphology, including phenology, floral traits, and nectar rewards, thus altering plant–pollinator interactions.We compared the abiotic stress responses of two bee‐pollinated Boraginaceae species,Echium plantagineum, an annual, andEchium vulgare, a biennial. Plants were grown for 5 weeks during their flowering period under two watering regimes (well‐watered and water‐stressed) and three temperature regimes (21, 24, 27°C).We measured physiological traits linked to photosynthesis (chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency), and vegetative (leaf number and growth rate) and floral (e.g., flower number, phenology, floral morphology, and nectar production) traits.The physiological and morphological traits of both species were affected by the water and temperature stresses, although the effects were greater for the annual species. Both stresses negatively affected floral traits, accelerating flower phenology, decreasing flower size, and, for the annual species, decreasing nectar rewards. In both species, the number of flowers was reduced by 22%–45% under water stress, limiting the total amount of floral rewards.Under water stress and increasing temperatures, which mimic the effects of climate change, floral traits and resources of bee‐pollinated species are affected and can lead to disruptions of pollination and reproductive success.
Use of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) 1989, 2010, and 2017 Classification of Epilepsy in children in a low‐resource setting: A hospital‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sharma Suvasini , Anand Aakanksha , Garg Divyani , Batra Sakshi , Mukherjee Sharmila B. , Patra Bijoy , Aneja Satinder 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis cross‐sectional study was designed to test the applicability of the 1989, 2010, and 2017 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification of epilepsy in children from a resource‐limited setting in India.MethodsClassification of seizure types and syndromes was done through parental interviews and review of medical records in children with epilepsy aged one month to 18 years. Available investigations including EEG, MRI, and metabolic/genetic tests were used in classifying patients as per the 1989, 2010, and 2017 ILAE (level II‐epilepsy type) classification. We compared the proportion of children remaining unclassified by each scheme.ResultsSeven hundred and twenty‐six children (436 males, mean age 6.4 ± 4.6 years) were enrolled. Using the 1989 ILAE classification, we were able to classify 95.7%, and 82.6% children by the 2010 scheme. The 2017 ILAE classification could classify all 726 children at level I (seizure type), 664 (91.0%) children at level II (epilepsy type), and an electroclinical syndrome could be identified in 409 (56.1%) of the children. An etiology could be identified in 75%, perinatal brain injury being the most frequent. West syndrome was the most common electroclinical syndrome, identified in 22.7% patients. The 1989 ILAE classification system was superior to the 2010 system (P = .01) in epilepsy classification. There was no difference between the 1989 and 2017 schemes (P = .31) or the 2010 and 2017 schemes (P = .10).SignificanceThe 2017 ILAE classification, being multidimensional, allowed classification of children who could not undergo extensive evaluation due to economic constraints and also provided room for overlapping etiologies.
Effect of ethanol fumigation on pericarp browning associated with phenol metabolism, storage quality, and antioxidant systems of wampee fruit during cold storage
Authors: Shao Yuanzhi , Jiang Zitao , Zeng Jiaoke , Li Wen , Dong Yu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWampee fruit is a popular fruit cultivar in South‐East Asia due to its high levels of nutrients and antioxidants; however, pericarp browning leads to a short storage life with great economic loss during years. The purpose of this work was to determine whether postharvest ethanol fumigation affected pericarp browning development of wampee fruit during 12 days of storage at 8 ± 0.5°C, and if so, how it is related to phenol metabolism and how it affects quality attributes and antioxidant systems during storage. After fruits were fumigated with 100, 300, 500, and 800 μl/L for 5 hr at 22 ± 0.5°C, ethanol significantly reduced the development of pericarp browning by increasing total phenolics (TP) content and decreasing the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), especially in 500 μl/L ethanol treatment. Additionally, ethanol delayed the losses in fruit firmness (FF), soluble solid content (SSC), and titratable acidity (TA), retarded weight loss and accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and maintained relatively high contents of ascorbic acid (AsA), total flavonoids (TF), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD). In conclusion, results demonstrated that postharvest ethanol fumigation in wampee fruit has ability to reduce pericarp browning development by regulating phenol metabolism and enhancing antioxidant systems.