bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BBN constraints on universally-coupled ultralight scalar dark matter
Authors: Sibiryakov Sergey , Sørensen Philip , Yu Tien-Tien 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Ultralight scalar dark matter can interact with all massive Standard Model particles through a universal coupling. Such a coupling modifies the Standard Model particle masses and affects the dynamics of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. We model the cosmological evolution of the dark matter, taking into account the modifications of the scalar mass by the environment as well as the full dynamics of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. We find that precision measurements of the helium-4 abundance set stringent constraints on the available parameter space, and that these constraints are strongly affected by both the dark matter environmental mass and the dynamics of the neutron freeze-out. Furthermore, we perform the analysis in both the Einstein and Jordan frames, the latter of which allows us to implement the model into numerical Big Bang Nucleosynthesis codes and analyze additional light elements. The numerical analysis shows that the constraint from helium-4 dominates over deuterium, and that the effect on lithium is insufficient to solve the lithium problem. Comparing to several other probes, we find that Big Bang Nucleosynthesis sets the strongest constraints for the majority of the parameter space.
A note on dual gravitational charges
Authors: Oliveri Roberto , Speziale Simone 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Dual gravitational charges have been recently computed from the Holst term in tetrad variables using covariant phase space methods. We highlight that they originate from an exact 3-form in the tetrad symplectic potential that has no analogue in metric variables. Hence there exists a choice of the tetrad symplectic potential that sets the dual charges to zero. This observation relies on the ambiguity of the covariant phase space methods. To shed more light on the dual contributions, we use the Kosmann variation to compute (quasi-local) Hamiltonian charges for arbitrary diffeomorphisms. We obtain a formula that illustrates comprehensively why the dual contribution to the Hamiltonian charges: (i) vanishes for exact isometries and asymptotic symmetries at spatial infinity; (ii) persists for asymptotic symmetries at future null infinity, in addition to the usual BMS contribution. Finally, we point out that dual gravitational charges can be equally derived using the Barnich-Brandt prescription based on cohomological methods, and that the same considerations on asymptotic symmetries apply.
Time-Domain Digital-to-Analog Converter for Spiking Neural Network Hardware
Authors: Uenohara Seiji , Aihara Kazuyuki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe propose a new digital-to-analog converter (DAC) for realizing a synapse circuit in mixed-signal spiking neural networks. We refer to this circuit as a “time-domain DAC (TDAC)”. It produces weights for converting a digital input code into voltage using one current waveform. Therefore, the TDAC is more compact than a conventional DAC consisting of many current sources and resistors. Moreover, a TDAC with leak resistance reproduces biologically plausible synaptic responses expressed as alpha functions or dual exponential equations. We also present numerical analysis results for a TDAC and circuit simulation results for a circuit designed using the TSMC 40 nm CMOS process.
The role of mucilage envelope in the endozoochory of selected plant taxa
Authors: Kreitschitz A. , Haase E. , Gorb S. N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMyxodiaspory (formation of mucilage envelope around seeds and fruits) is a common adaptation to dry habitats known in many families of Angiosperms. The mucilage envelope of some seeds seems to be also a unique morphological adaptation which protects myxospermatic diaspores while passing through the bird’s digestive system. To evaluate the protective potential of mucilage, we fed the diaspores of seven plant species (representing three different mucilage types and three species of non-mucilaginous plants) to pigeons, Columba livia domestica. Twenty-four hours later, we collected the droppings of pigeons and examined a total of 18,900 non-destroyed diaspores to check for mucilage presence and germination ability. Out of all the examined diaspores, 4.5% were mucilaginous seeds. Among them, the highest number (12.2–13.5%) of viable diaspores belonged to the hemicellulosic type of mucilage (from Plantago species). Only 3.7% of germinating diaspores with pectic mucilage (Linum usitatissimum) were collected, and no seeds representing cellulosic mucilage (e.g., Ocimum basilicum). For non-mucilaginous plants, we collected only a few individual seeds (0.1% out of 8100 seeds used). We noted that the mucilaginous seeds found in the droppings were able to germinate; however, the germination ability was generally smaller in comparison to the control (i.e., not digested) seeds. Our results revealed that the presence of mucilage envelope has an impact on diaspore dispersal and survivability. With our experiments, we demonstrated for the first time that the mucilage envelope, especially of the non-cellulosic type, supports endozoochory. We also showed that non-mucilaginous seeds can be occasionally dispersed via endozoochory and are able to germinate. The results of our studies can explain the ways of plants distribution at a small, local scale as well as in long-distance dispersal, e.g., between islands or even continents.
Identification and characterization of a new potyvirus infecting Muscari in Hungary
Authors: Ágoston János , Almási Asztéria , Salánki Katalin , Palkovics László 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGrape hyacinths (Muscari spp.) are popular spring flowering bulbs in Europe and also in Hungary. In the spring of 2017, we came across grape hyacinth plants showing mosaic symptoms, which indicated viral infection. Currently Hyacinth mosaic virus (genus Potyvirus), a proposed member of the genus named Muscari mosaic virus, Arabis mosaic virus (genus Nepovirus), Cucumber mosaic virus (genus Cucumovirus) and Tobacco rattle virus (genus Tobravirus) are known to infect grape hyacinth. Leaf samples of symptomatic grape hyacinths were observed, collected and the presence of potyviruses was proved with potyvirus specific monoclonal antibody by ELISA and by potyvirus specific RT-PCR. Laboratory host plants and seed grown Muscari plants were inoculated with leaf sap and symptoms were recorded. Nucleotide sequences of the cloned fragments were compared to GenBank data. In the case of Muscari ‘Helena’ the highest nucleotide identity in the coat protein coding region was found with two Muscari mosaic virus isolates (95.51% and 95.79%). In the case of the clones derived from Muscari ‘Pink Sunrise’ plant, the highest identity was recorded with Muscari mosaic virus isolates (57.65% and 57.80%) and with a Tulip breaking virus strain (55.13%) indicating the existence of a novel potyvirus species, tentatively named Muscari chlorotic mottle virus. The coat protein sequences were aligned and Maximum Likelihood trees were built to analyze phylogenetic relationships.
Justifying method choice: a heuristic-instrumentalist account of scientific methodology
Authors: Grüne-Yanoff Till 
Published: December 2020

AbstractScientific methods are heuristic in nature. Heuristics are simplifying, incomplete, underdetermined and fallible problem-solving rules that can nevertheless serve certain goals in certain contexts better than truth-preserving algorithms. Because of their goal- and context-dependence, a framework is needed for systematic choosing between them. This is the domain of scientific methodology. Such a methodology, I argue, relies on a form of instrumental rationality. Three challenges to such an instrumentalist account are addressed. First, some authors have argued that the rational choice of at least some methods, namely those supporting belief formation, is not goal-dependent. Second, some authors have observed that some method choices seem intuitively rational, even though relevant goals are lacking. Thirdly, some authors have argued that instrumental rationality itself depends on a goal-independent form of rationality. It is the heuristic nature of scientific methods that affords me the arguments against these challenges. This heuristic-instrumentalist account provides the means-ends analysis needed to evaluate heuristic method choice. The paper thus offers the conceptual basis for a scientific methodology that is both compatible with the heuristic nature of actual scientific practice and also normatively relevant for assessing method choice.
Gesundheitliche Risikolagen in der Bremer Drogenszene
Authors: Prepeliczay Susanna , Schmidt-Semisch Henning 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Angehörige offener Drogenszenen sind von diversen sozialen und gesundheitlichen Risikolagen betroffen. Die Studie untersucht, welche Substanzen und Konsumformen in der Bremer Drogenszene verbreitetet sind sowie die damit assoziierten Probleme, Risiken und Hilfebedarfe.

Methoden
Im Rahmen dieser qualitativen Studie wurden 50 teilnehmende Beobachtungen in Drogenszenen in vier Bremer Stadtteilen, 36 leitfadengestützte, problemzentrierte Interviews mit Szeneangehörigen sowie 8 Expert*inneninterviews mit Fachkräften aus der Sucht- und Wohnungslosenhilfe durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
Die körperliche, psychische und soziale Situation von Angehörigen der Bremer Drogenszene ist von erheblichen Risiken und Belastungen geprägt. Der lange Zeit auf wenige deutsche Großstädte beschränkte Konsum von Crack hat sich auch in Bremen etabliert. Von den Befragten werden verschiedene niedrigschwellige und risikomindernde Maßnahmen benannt, die das Bremer Suchthilfesystem weiterentwickeln könnten.

Schlussfolgerung
Das Bremer Suchthilfesystem sollte u. a. durch verlängerte Öffnungszeiten von Hilfsangeboten, eine Ausweitung der psychosozialen Betreuung sowie die Einrichtung einer Diamorphin-Ambulanz weiterentwickelt werden.
Characterization of the taste compounds in 20 pungent spices by high-performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Huang Yan , Duan Wen , Xiao Junfei , Liu He , Zhou Chenchen , Zhang Yuyu , Tang Yizhuang , Sun Baoguo , Li Zhanming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHigh-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the important taste compounds in 20 pungent spices commonly used in food, including seventeen free amino acids, four 5′-nucleotides and twelve organic acids. The equivalent umami concentration (EUC) and taste activity value (TAV) of the analyzed samples were calculated. The results showed that the content of total free amino acids ranged from 0.57 to 46.67 g/kg in 20 pungent spices. The content of total free amino acids in horseradish was the highest. The content of total 5′-nucleotides ranged from 0.80 to 4.30 g/kg, and chive contains the highest 5′-nucleotide content. Inosine 5′-monophosphate was detected in all 20 pungent spices. The content of total organic acids ranged from 9.37 to 339.58 g/kg. The total organic acids content of fieldmint was the highest (339.58 g/kg). Oxalic acid was detected in 18 pungent spices, except white pepper and chilli. The EUC of fieldmint (37.1 g MSG/100 g) was the highest in all 20 pungent spices, followed with peppermint (24.5 g MSG/100 g), and horseradish (18.4 g MSG/100 g). The TAVs of malic acid, lactic acid and 5′-AMP were higher than 1 in more than 10 spices. Lactic acid were higher than 1 in 13 spices, implying these compounds contributed greater to the flavor of pungent spices. The results of this work will provide references for the application value of pungent spices.
Psychiatrische Diagnosesysteme, Konzepte psychischer Störungen, der zivilrechtliche Krankheitsbegriff und das Problem der neurokognitiven Störungen in ICD-11
Authors: Saß Henning , Cording Clemens 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Revision von ICD-10 zu ICD-11 gibt Anlass, die Bedeutung der psychiatrischen Klassifikationen für rechtliche Fragestellungen zu überdenken. Kernpunkte sind dabei der Übergang vom grundlegenden Krankheitskonzept zu einem unverbindlichen Störungsbegriff („disorder“) und die damit verbundenen Verunsicherungen der Beurteilungsnormen. Wenn die Zahl von Diagnoseschlüsseln, die für Zustände gestörten Befindens sowie psychischer und sozialer Dysfunktionen zur Verfügung stehen, immer mehr anwächst, stellt sich die Frage nach der forensischen Erheblichkeit. Kritisch zu sehen sind auch Tendenzen im Maßregelrecht, durch eine juristisch-funktionale Begriffsauslegung „psychische Störung“ mit Gefährlichkeit gleichzusetzen. Dagegen wurde beim zivilrechtlichen Krankheitsbegriff eine Unabhängigkeit von den Änderungen diagnostischer Gepflogenheiten bewahrt.
Alliance Ruptures and Resolutions in Personality Disorders
Authors: Schenk Nathalie , Fürer Lukas , Zimmermann Ronan , Steppan Martin , Schmeck Klaus 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review provides an overview of the state of research on alliance ruptures and resolutions in the treatment of personality disorders (PDs). We discuss frequently used instruments to measure alliance ruptures and resolutions. We discuss the effectiveness of rupture resolution processes and highlight possible avenues for research to explore. Innovative assessments with the potential to reveal the link of ruptures and resolutions and mechanisms of psychotherapeutic change are discussed.

Recent Findings
The assessment of alliance rupture and resolutions is heterogeneous. Instruments vary largely with respect to a direct or indirect assessment, the time resolution of assessment (integral therapy, phase, session, event), session sampling strategy and perspectives (patient, therapist, observer). The heterogeneity in the instruments and study designs impedes comparability and interpretation of the findings. Results support the hypothesis that ruptures are more frequent in PD. Results also point towards beneficial effects of rupture resolution patterns, early alliance quality, and resolution complexity. Few studies control findings for pretreatment factors.

Summary
Evidence points to the direction that rupture resolution processes can be considered a general principle of change in the treatment of PD. The concept of alliance ruptures and resolutions provides a useful tool for the management of the therapeutic alliance and its moments of deteriorations throughout the treatment course. Dimensional pretreatment personality functioning is considered a key variable in future studies to highlight what works for whom.
Exploring risk pooling in hospitals to reduce demand and lead time uncertainty
Authors: Oeser Gerald , Romano Pietro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNearly every eighth German hospital faces an elevated risk of bankruptcy. An inappropriate use of inventory management practices is among the causes. Hospitals suffer from demand and lead time uncertainty, and the current COVID-19 pandemic worsened the plight. The popular business logistics concept of risk pooling has been shown to reduce these uncertainties in industry and trade, but has been neglected as a variability reduction method in healthcare operations research and practice. Based on a survey with 223 German hospitals, this study explores how ten risk pooling methods can be adapted and applied in the healthcare context to reduce economic losses while maintaining a given service level. The results suggest that in general risk pooling may improve the economic situation of hospitals and, in particular, inventory pooling, transshipments, and product substitution for medications and consumer goods are the most effective methods in the healthcare context, while form postponement may be unsuitable for hospitals due to the required efforts, delay in treatments, and liability issues. The application of risk pooling in healthcare requires willingness to exchange information and to cooperate, adequate IT infrastructure, compatibility, adherence to healthcare laws and regulations, and securing the immediate treatment of emergencies. Compared to manufacturing and trading companies, hospitals seem to currently neglect the variability reducing effect of risk pooling.
Glomerular C4d in Post-Transplant IgA Nephropathy is associated with decreased allograft survival
Authors: Eder Michael , Kozakowski Nicolas , Omic Haris , Aigner Christof , Kläger Johannes , Perschl Brian , Reindl-Schwaighofer Roman , Bond Gregor , Böhmig Georg A. , Kikić Željko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Glomerulonephritis (GN), including post-transplant IgAN (post-Tx IgAN) is an important contributor to decreased long-term allograft survival. The immunopathological detection of the complement degradation product C4d in glomeruli (C4dG) has been recently described as a risk factor in native kidney IgAN, however little is known about C4dG deposition in post-Tx IgAN. We hypothesized that glomerular C4d may indicate a more aggressive disease course and worse allograft survival in patients with post-Tx IgAN.

Methods
In this retrospective study we assessed the presence and clinical relevance of C4dG in patients with post-transplant IgAN. We analyzed 885 renal allograft recipients, including 84 patients with post-transplant GN. All patients were transplanted between January 1999 and April 2006 and underwent at least one biopsy for differnt causes. The primary endpoint was death-censored graft survival, with a median follow-up of 9.6 (IQR 3.8–13.2) years.

Results
The prevalence of post-Tx GN was 9.5%. Twenty-seven patients with post-Tx IgAN were included. C4dG positive patients (N = 18, 66.7%) had significantly worse allograft survival compared to C4dG negative post-Tx IgAN patients and patients without post-Tx IgAN [C4dG positive: 27.8% vs. 55.6% and 66.0%; log-rank: p = 0.01]. C4dG remained a significant risk factor (HR 2.22, 95% CI 1.27–3.87) for allograft loss even after adjustment for T cell mediated rejection (TCMR) and antibody mediated rejection.

Conclusion
Glomerular C4d deposition is an independent risk factor for worse graft-survival in patients with post-Tx IgAN, even after adjusting for other risk factors such as antibody mediated rejection. Assessment of glomerular C4d deposition may provide a valuable prognostic risk assessment tool to identify high risk patients in post-Tx IgAN.

Graphic abstract
Soluble CD59 in peritoneal dialysis: a potential biomarker for peritoneal membrane function
Authors: Faria Bernardo , Gaya da Costa Mariana , Lima Carla , Willems Loek , Brandwijk Ricardo , Berger Stefan P. , Daha Mohamed R. , Pestana Manuel , Seelen Marc A. , Poppelaars Felix 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Various studies have reported the importance of complement regulators in preventing mesothelial damage during peritoneal dialysis (PD). Its assessment, however, is limited in clinical practice due to the lack of easy access to the peritoneal membrane. Recently, a soluble form of the complement regulatory protein CD59 (sCD59) has been described. We therefore aimed to investigate the role of sCD59 in PD.

Methods
Plasma sCD59 was measured in 48 PD patients, 41 hemodialysis patients, 15 non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease and 14 healthy controls by ELISA (Hycult; HK374-02). Additionally, sCD59 and sC5b-9 were assessed in the peritoneal dialysate.

Results
sCD59 and sC5b-9 were detectable in the peritoneal dialysate of all patients, and marginally correlated (r = 0.27, P = 0.06). Plasma sCD59 levels were significantly higher in PD patients than in patients with chronic kidney disease and healthy controls, but did not differ from hemodialysis patients. During follow-up, 19% of PD patients developed peritoneal membrane failure and 27% of PD patients developed loss of residual renal function. In adjusted models, increased sCD59 levels in the dialysate (HR 3.44, 95% CI 1.04–11.40, P = 0.04) and in plasma (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.17, P = 0.04) were independently associated with the occurrence of peritoneal membrane failure. Higher plasma levels of sCD59 were also associated with loss of residual renal function (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04–1.17, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Our study suggests that sCD59 has potential as a biomarker to predict peritoneal membrane function and loss of residual renal function in PD, thereby offering a tool to improve patient management.

Graphic abstract
Bilateral hydrosalpinges, what to do :Salpingectomy or salpingoplasty? Result of a 480 cases continuous series
Authors: Watrelot Antoine , Guan Jing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundHydrosalpinx is the most common lesion of the distal part of the tube. Hydrosalpinx is well known to have deleterious effect on fertility.MethodsTwo options are doable in case of hydrosalpinx: radical treatment(salpingectomy) or conservative treatment (salpingoneostomy).ResultsThis work demonstrates that in experienced hands and with an acute selection, salpingoneostomy gives results comparable to those obtained after IVF.The cuff salpingoneostomy technique is much better than racket form salpingoneostomy and should be preferred whenever it is possible.ConclusionsConservative treatment should be discussed in infertile patients having hydrosalpinx after a careful selection.
Clinical features and outcome of 15 patients with recurrent endometrial cancer or atypical endometrial hyperplasia received primary fertility-sparing therapy followed by hysterectomy
Authors: Li Yuanting , Wang Yiqin , He Yijiao , Zhou Rong , Tang Huiru , Xu Lijiang , He Mian , Li Weili , Chen Chunlin , Zhang Weifeng , Wang Jianliu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features and outcome of recurrent endometrial cancer (EC) or atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) patients who underwent hysterectomy after fertility-sparing therapy.MethodsClinical data was retrospectively collected for 15 recurrent endometrial cancer or atypical endometrial hyperplasia patients who underwent hysterectomy in six hospitals from 2003 to 2019. According to the indicators of hysterectomy, patients were divided into four groups: 7 patients who underwent direct hyesterectomy after the first relapse, 4 due to re-treatment failure, 1 after full term live birth, and 3 because of multiple recurrence. Clinical coexisting conditions, regimen and outcome of fertility-sparing therapy, pre- and post-operative pathological results, and prognosis were analyzed.Results(1) Fertility-spraring treatment was given to a total of 15 eligible patients, including 6 with EC and 9 with AEH. Median time interval from remission to recurrence was 12 months (range 3–92). Oral progestin-based medicine was the main fertility-sparing therapy in both primary treatment and re-treatment after recurrence. Six (6/8) patients received progestin combined with gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist or metformin in three re-treatment groups. (2) Nine patients underwent hysterectomy and 6 staging surgery. Three patients had pathological upgrade after surgery. Five (5/10) EC patients had superficial myometrial invasion in postoperative pathology. All patients showed no evidence of disease in the median follow-up of 17 months (range 3–118). (3) Among seven patients who failed to re-treatment and had multiple recurrence, six were overweight/obesity and six had insulin resistance. Two of these patients had synchronous ovarian cancer in the postoperative pathology.ConclusionFor the patients with recurrent EC or AEH after primary fertility-sparing therapy, overweight/obesity and insulin resistance might be the risk factors for re-treatment failure. Hysterectomy is recommended when patients had re-treatment failure or multiple recurrence; and generally the prognosis is favorable.