bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of simulation-based training in non-physician anesthetists in Tigray region, Ethiopia
Authors: Etanaa Naod Bulti , Benwu Kore Menjie , Gebremedhin Hagos Gebregzabiher , Desta Haftom Berhane 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective : In Ethiopia simulation-based anesthesia education is a new way of teaching method which started in Mekelle University as of January, 2019. Hence, the purpose of this study is to evaluate whether simulation-based training improves non-physician anesthetists’ knowledge and attitude on maternal and neonatal anesthesia cares or not. Results : Out of 50 study subjects, 66% had a working experience of less than 5 years.. Knowledge score improved significantly from 49.78% and 66.22% in pretest and posttest results respectively. The posttest result was significantly improved (P< 0.001) for all knowledge questions. The respondents were asked about a negative statement and a positive statement about the need to have effective closed lope communication, maternal resuscitation and neonatal resuscitation. The attitude score improved from 72.45% to 79.11% in pretest and posttest respectively. From the 9 questions the attitudinal mean score for pretest was 6.52 and posttest 7.12. The null hypothesis of equal knowledge and attitude was rejected, t (49) = -5.54, p < 0.001 and t (49) = -2.25, p < 0.03 respectively.
Comparative effectiveness of post-discharge strategies for hospitalized smokers: Study protocol for the Helping Hand 4 randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rigotti Nancy A , Schnitzer Kristina , Davis Esa M , Regan Susan , Chang Yuchiao , Kelly Jennifer H.K. , Notier Anna E , Gillam Karen , Douaihy Antoine , Levy Douglas E , Singer Daniel E , Tindle Hilary A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background. Tobacco smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death in the U.S. A hospital admission provides smokers with a unique opportunity to stop smoking because it requires temporary tobacco abstinence while illness may enhance motivation to quit. Hospital interventions must continue post-discharge to increase tobacco abstinence long-term, but how best to accomplish this remains unclear. Building on two previous randomized controlled trials, each of which tested smoking cessation interventions that began in hospital and continued after discharge, this trial compares two interventions that provide sustained smoking cessation treatment after hospital discharge with the goal of improving long-term smoking cessation rates among hospitalized smokers. Methods. Helping Hand 4 is a three-site randomized controlled trial that compares the effectiveness of two active interventions for producing validated past 7-day tobacco abstinence 6 months after hospital discharge. Smokers who are admitted to three hospitals receive a standard in-hospital smoking intervention, and plan to quit smoking after discharge are recruited and randomly assigned to two interventions that begin at discharge, Personalized Tobacco Care Management (PTCM) or Quitline eReferral. Each lasts 3 months. At discharge, PTCM provides 8 weeks of free nicotine replacement (NRT; a participant’s choice of patch, gum, lozenge, or a combination) and then proactive smoking cessation support using an automated communication platform and live contact with a tobacco treatment specialist who is based in the health care system. In the eReferral condition, a direct referral is made from the hospital electronic health record to a community-based resource, the state’s telephone quitline. The quitline provides up to 8 weeks of free NRT and offers behavioral support via a series of phone calls from a trained coach. Outcomes are assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge. The study hypothesis is that PTCM will produce higher quit rates than eReferral. Discussion. HH4 is a pragmatic trial that aims to evaluate interventions in real-world conditions. This project will give hospital systems critical evidence-based tools for meeting National Hospital Quality Measures for tobacco treatment and maximizing their ability to improve cessation rates and overall health for the millions of smokers hospitalized annually in the U.S.
EST-SSR markers identification based on RNA-sequencing and application in Schisandra chinensis
Authors: Shi Guangli , Wang Zhenxing , Sun Dan , Zhang Susu , Guo Jianhui , Ai Jun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Schisandra chinensis, a climbing woody vine, is the best-known and representative genus of the Schisandraceae family which is an important plant in Chinese herbal medicine; however, the application of molecular breeding is restricted by the few genetic markers for this species. Results: In this study, we performed transcriptome sequencing of S. chinensis using the Illumina HiSeq platform to establish a library of expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers. A total of 59,786 unigenes were obtained and 6254 putative SSR sites were detected with a frequency of 10.46%. The predominant type of repeat motif was dinucleotide (35.71%), followed by trinucleotide (13.22%), hexanucleotide (0.50%), tetranucleotide (0.06%), and pentanucleotide (0.22%). We randomly selected 50 EST-SSR primer pairs and used 14 of these for genetic diversity analysis in 42 S. chinensis genotypes. All 42 accessions were successfully identified and formed four major clusters, indicating that the SSR markers can be used for genetic diversity analysis and genetic linkage map construction. In addition, using the polymorphic bands associated with 10 markers as DNA fingerprints, we generated a manual cultivar identification diagram that can distinguish between the 42 accessions, with different individuals identifiable based on polymorphic band patterns. Conclusion: S. chinensis transcriptome data is an effective resource for developing SSR markers. These results can provide a basis for the identification of S. chinensis accessions and construction of genetic linkage maps as part of future selective breeding and conservation efforts for this valuable plant.
How does the various sectors of the financial market influence growth around the globe?
Authors: Dwumfour Richard Adjei , Ntow-Gyamfi Matthew 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We explore the links between financial markets, institutional quality and economic growth. We document that the unconditional effect of finance on growth is ambiguous. This variation is caused by regional bloc, income level and legal origin differences. Our results suggest that, for financial development (banking sector, insurance sector, stock market) to elicit positive effect on growth, there needs to be an effective institutional framework in place. However, in cases where finance in itself elicits positive effect on growth, further tightening of the institutional framework could be harmful to growth; hence, must be done with caution. Policy implications are discussed.
Uganda’s Increasing Dependence On Development Partner Support For Immunization – A Five Year Resource Tracking Study (2012 – 2016)
Authors: Kamya Carol , Abewe Christabel , Waiswa Peter , Asiimwe Gilbert , Namugaya Faith , Opio Charles , Lagony Stephen , Charlotte Muheki 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background There are persistent weaknesses in obtaining accurate reliable and complete data on local and external investments in immunization and yet these are critical to estimate costs, resource needs and gaps so as to aid country financing, planning and resource mobilization. This study aimed to measure and describe the financial envelope for immunization activities and conduct an expenditure analysis at district level. Methods The Systems of Health Accounts (SHA) 2011 methodology was used to quantify and map out the resource envelope for immunization. Data were collected at national and district levels from public and external sources of immunization through key informant interviews coupled with document reviews. Data were coded (SHA), categorized and disaggregated to allow for greater detail on the types of immunization activities. Financing methodology used was largely drawn from Guthrie et al, 2015. Results Over a five-year period, funding for immunization has increased fourfold from US$20.4 million in 2012 to US$ 85.6 million in 2016. The increase in the resource envelope is attributed to the lift of the ban of Gavi funding to Uganda as well as new vaccine introduction. Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance became the biggest contributor (59%) in 2015 and 2016 with 66% of the funds managed by National Medical Stores. Eighty percent of the resources are spent on facility-based routine immunization which includes expenditure on human resources and immunization outreaches. At district level, the overall proportion of total funding to immunization was 15% of their Primary Health Care (PHC) Grant. The bulk (82%) of the PHC funds were spent on supervision to lower health centers (transport and distribution of vaccines) while majority (51%) development partner funds were spent on routine immunization activities (vaccine collection and per-diems/allowances to support outreaches). Conclusion The increasing dependence on development partner support raises issues around sustainability alongside other challenges like misalignment and displacement This warrants an increase in financial commitment to immunization by Government of Uganda, prioritization of resources for immunization at district level, and also operationalization of the existing financial sustainability plan for immunization.
Systematic analysis of the Capsicum ERF transcription factor family uncovers new insights into the regulation of species-specific metabolites
Authors: Song Jiali , Chen Changming , Zhang Shuanglin , Wang Juntao , Huang Zhubin , Liu Renjian , Cao Bihao , Zhu Zhangsheng , Lei Jianjun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: ERF transcription factors (TFs) belong to the Apetala2/Ethylene responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) TF family and play a vital role in plant growth and development processes. Capsorubin and capsaicinoids have relatively high economic and nutritional value, and they are specifically found in Capsicum. However, there is little understanding of how ERFs participate in the regulatory networks of capsorubin and capsaicinoids biosynthesis. Results: In this study, a total of 142 ERFs were identified in the Capsicum annuum genome. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis allowed us to divide ERFs into DREB (dehydration responsive element binding proteins) and ERF subfamilies, and further classify them into 11 groups with several subgroups. Expression analysis of biosynthetic pathway genes and CaERFs facilitated the identification of candidate genes related to the regulation of capsorubin and capsaicinoids biosynthesis; the candidates were focused in cluster C9 and cluster C10, as well as cluster L3 and cluster L4, respectively. The expression patterns of CaERF82, CaERF97, CaERF66, CaERF107 and CaERF101, which were found in cluster C9 and cluster C10, were consistent with those of accumulating of carotenoids (β-carotene, zeaxanthin and capsorubin) in the pericarp. In cluster L3 and cluster L4, the expression patterns of CaERF102, CaERF53, CaERF111 and CaERF92 were similar to those of the accumulating capsaicinoids. Furthermore, CaERF92, CaERF102 and CaERF111 were found to be potentially involved in temperature-mediated capsaicinoids biosynthesis. Conclusion: This study will provide an extremely useful foundation for the study of candidate ERFs in the regulation of carotenoids and capsaicinoids biosynthesis in peppers.
Site to site detection and analysis of C-to-U RNA editing in rice mitochondria-encoded ORFs
Authors: Zheng Peng , Huang Yuqing , Chen Hao , Du Hao , Tu Jumin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Cytidine to uridine (C-to-U) RNA editing is an important type of substitutional RNA editing. In plants, C-to-U modification is almost omnipresent in chloroplasts and mitochondria, where it mainly serves to restore evolutionarily conserved amino acids by changing the codon information. The important roles that C-to-U RNA editing plays in organelle biogenesis, adaptation to environmental changes, and signal transduction have been confirmed in different plant species. In rice mitochondria, 491 C-to-U editing sites have been identified previously, and case studies have elucidated the function of several C-to-U editing sites in rice, but the functional consequence of most C-to-U alteration need to be investigated further. Results Here, we totally identified 539 C-to-U editing sites in rice mitochondria-encoded ORFs, 87.2% of these editing sites were observed on the first or the second base of a codon, resulting in the alteration of encoded amino acid. Moreover, we found some novel editing sites and several inaccurately annotated sites which may be functionally important, with the support of the highly conserved amino acids encoded by these edited codons. Finally, we annotated all 539 C-to-U RNA editing sites in their biological context. Conclusions We detected 539 C-to-U editing sites in rice mitochondria-encoded ORFs and annotated them with more precise information, which will facilitate our investigation on the function of C-to-U editing events in rice.
Prevalence of depression among women with obstetric fistula: A systematic review and meta-analysis Berhanu Boru Bifftu [BBB] 1*and Yonas Deressa Guracho [YDG]2
Authors: Biftu Berhanu Boru , Guracho Yonas Deressa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective Obstetric fistula is one of the most devastating birth injuries, affecting up to 3.5 million women. Depression is the priority mental disorders affecting up to 98% the patient living with obstetric fistula and adversely affects their quality of life. Inconsistent reported prevalence of depression and dearth of comprehensive meta-analysis need an up to date evidence for decision makers. Thus, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the pooled prevalence of depression among women with obstetric fistula. Methods Databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library and SCOPUS were searched. Heterogeneity across the studies was assessed by Cochrane chi-square (χ2) and quantified by I 2 statistics test. Funnel plots and Egger’s test were used to determine publication bias. Sensitivity test and subgroup analysis were also performed. The pooled prevalence of depression was calculated using random effects model and Dersimonian and Laird method. Results Fifteen eligible studies were included in the study. The pooled prevalence of depression was found to be 72% (95% CI; 60%-83%). We found evidence of significant heterogeneity (I 2 =95.64% and p < 0.001). Sensitivity test showed none of the point estimates was outside of the overall 95%CI. No evidence of publication bias egger’s test (p =0.654). Conclusion Around three fourth of women with obstetric fistula experienced depression. Thus, authors’ suggest the need of special attention to mange co-morbid depression among women with obstetric fistula, such as an integrated mental health care.
Ultrasound diaphragm excursion and noninvasive ventilation in critically ill patients: a horse to bet on?
Authors: Barbariol Federico , Guadagnin Giovanni Maria , Deana Cristian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND Diaphragmatic dysfunction is seen in up to 60% of critically ill patients with respiratory failure, and it is associated with worse outcomes. The functionality of the diaphragm can be studied with simple and codified bedside ultrasound evaluation. Diaphragm excursion (echographic measurement of the inspiratory displacement of the hemidiaphragm) is one of the most studied parameters. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of diaphragmatic dysfunction in critically ill non-intubated patients admitted to a general intensive care unit with acute respiratory failure. Response to non-invasive ventilation (NIV) was evaluated in patients with diaphragm dysfunction, as was whether the ultrasound assessment of the diaphragm excursion may be employed as a predictor of NIV failure. METHODS We collected data, including ultrasound diaphragm excursion, at 2 time points: at T0 (at the time of recruitment, just before starting NIV) and at T1 (after one hour of NIV). RESULTS A total of 47 patients were enrolled. Prevalence of diaphragm dysfunction was 42.5% (95% CI 28, 3 - 57,8). Surgical patients showed a higher incidence (relative risk of 1.97) than medical patients. Mean DE was not significantly different between NIV responders (1,35 ± 0.78 cm) and non-responders (1.21 ± 0.85 cm, p 0,6). Patients with diaphragmatic dysfunction responded positively to NIV in 60% (95% CI 36.0 - 80.9%) of cases, while patients without diaphragmatic dysfunction responded positively to the NIV trial in 70.4% (95% CI 49.8 - 86.2%) of cases (p = 0.54). Taking the use of ultrasound diaphragm excursion as a potential predictor of NIV response, the corresponding ROC curve had an area under the curve of 0.53; the best balance between sensitivity (58.1%) and specificity (62.5%) was obtained with a cut-off diaphragm excursion of 1.37 cm. CONCLUSIONS Diaphragm dysfunction is particularly frequent in critically ill patients with respiratory failure. The functionality of the diaphragm can be effectively and easily tested by bedside ultrasound examination, and its measurement should be considered in every patient with respiratory failure. Overall, our results point towards tentative evidence of a trend of a different response to NIV in patients with vs without diaphragmatic dysfunction.
RNA sequencing reveals BMP4 as a basis for the dual-target treatment of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Dong Lijie , Zhang Zhe , Liu Xun , Wang Qiong , Hong Yaru , Liu Juping , Li Xiaorong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Backgroud: Diabetic retinopathy, currently considered a neurovascular disease, has become the major cause of blindness. Continuously high glucose levels are regarded as a risk factor for DR. Intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs is a classic treatment for DR; however, anti-VEGF drugs can exacerbate fibrosis and eventually lead to retinal detachment.Methods: We explored changes in gene expression in high-glucose-induced vascular endothelial cells using RNA sequencing technology, utilized transcriptome signatures to explore the pathogenesis of DR and identified new treatments that can provide dual-target intervention for angiogenesis and fibrosis. We identified BMP4 and SMAD9 among 449 differentially expressed genes from RNA-seq data and investigated the expression of these two genes in the blood of diabetes patients and in STZ-induced rat retinas. Moreover, considering that DR is a multifactorial and multicellular disease, we used H2O2, AGEs, CoCl2, 4HNE and hypoxia to induce three human retinal cell types (Müller, RPE and HRCECs) to simulate the pathogenesis of DR and then verified the overexpression of these two genes in the cell models. We further tested the effects of BMP4 on retinal cells. Results: The results demonstrated that BMP4 and SMAD9 were highly expressed in both in vivo and in vitro models, while BMP4 could significantly upregulate the expression of SMAD9 and promote the expression of VEGF and fibrosis factors.Conclusions: This study is the first to analyze the mechanism by which high glucose levels affect retinal vascular endothelial cells through RNA transcriptome sequencing and indicates that BMP4 may be a potential target for the dual-target treatment (anti-VEGF and antifibrosis) of DR.
Serum soluble programmed death ligand-1 is correlated with HBsAg level and nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy in chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Ke Ruo Man , Ouyang Li Juan , Li Wen Fang , Huang Ming Xing , Peng Xiao Mou 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background The restoration of immune responses is thought as a complementary approach to the nucleos(t)ide analogue (NUC) therapy of chronic HBV infection. The antiviral immunity is negatively regulated by the programmed cell death-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis. Here, the soluble form of PD-L1 (sPD-L1) that represents the amount of PD-L1 expression cells was used as an indicator to investigate the involvement of this axis in chronic HBV infection, especially in the setting of NUC therapy. Methods A total of 273 adult patients with chronic HBV infection, regardless of the treatment, and 86 healthy controls were consecutively enrolled. Serum sPD-L1 was measured using an ELISA assay. Its correlations with clinical/virological characteristics were analyzed. Results Serum sPD-L1 levels in patients with chronic HBV infection (median 425.2 IQR 245.8-558.6 pg/mL) were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (median 81.69 IQR 54.62-121.1 pg/mL). Among patients at various disease phases, those with immune-tolerant CHB had the lowest sPD-L1 levels (median 205.3 IQR 92.27-340.7 pg/mL). These results indicated that serum sPD-L1 was significantly increased in a manner of two steps from health to infection and from immunotolerance to immunoactivation in chronic HBV infection. Furthermore, the serum sPD-L1 in immune-active CHB was correlated with HBsAg positively, HBV DNA negatively and liver damage marginally. Interestingly, the increased serum sPD-L1 levels were strongly associated with the treatment of NUCs, especially in HBeAg-positive immune-active CHB. Conclusions Serum sPD-L1 might be a meaningful indicator to monitor the immune status and disease progression in chronic HBV infection. The correlations of the increased sPD-L1 with HBsAg and NUC treatment suggest that the activated PD-1/PD-L1 axis may explain the rarity of HBsAg seroconversion of NUC therapy and the clinically available checkpoint inhibitors may serve as partners for NUCs to improve their anti-HBV efficacy in the future
Multi-Omic integration after carbon monoxide toxicity in a child reveals gene transcripts related to Parkinson and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Leimanis Mara , Prokop Jeremy W. , Nedveck Derek , Darin Christina , Lydic Todd A. , Bupp Caleb , DeRoos Steven , Rajasekaran Surender 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background This report highlights the unique transcriptomic and lipidomic changes noted in a 4-year-old African American female patient exposed to a house fire. She required admission to the pediatric Intensive care unit due to organ failure that resulted from CO and cyanide toxicity. Patient was neurologically intact initially but later developed neurological symptoms consistent with Parkinsonism, a transient state resembling Parkinson’s Disease. Results An integrative omics-based approach was used to examine both gene expression and the lipidome of the patient which was then compared to 4 control patients. Total blood RNA from a PaxGene®collection system was correlated to plasma-based metabolomics measured over three time points and correlated with the clinical condition of the patient. We see significant elevation of the Parkinson’s associated gene ( SELENOT ) on day one. This gene plays a crucial role in the protection of dopaminergic neurons against oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease. The Multiple Sclerosis linked gene DDX39B which mediates ATP hydrolysis during pre-mRNA splicing was increased on day 8. We noted increased UGCG gene expression which correlated with increased ceramide lipids on lipidome analysis. The elevated ratio of hexosylceramide to its ceramide precursor is indicative of an elevated UGCG mediated ceramide glucosyltransferase activity. This correlation of clinical symptoms with both increased gene activity and lipid dyshomeostasis is unique, highlighting the potential of personalized omics. ConclusionsIn clinical practice, the ability to predict and quantify neurological injury using gene expression has the potential to make meaningful changes to management. This report shows the potential for real time transcriptomics and metabolomics to modify not only initial therapy, but the eventual physical rehabilitation of patients exposed to neurotoxins.