bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypertrophic Adipocyte–Derived Exosomal miR‐802‐5p Contributes to Insulin Resistance in Cardiac Myocytes Through Targeting HSP60
Authors: Wen Zhongyuan , Li Junfeng , Fu Yalin , Zheng Yuyang , Ma Mingke , Wang Changhua 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which hypertrophic adipocytes regulate insulin signaling in cardiac myocytes.MethodsPalmitate was used to induce hypertrophic 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Exosomes were purified from normal control or hypertrophic 3T3‐L1 adipocyte‐associated conditioned medium. Exosome‐exposed neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were stimulated with insulin to investigate the effects of exosomes on insulin signaling. Small interfering RNA techniques were used to downregulate protein levels, and their efficiency was evaluated by Western blot.ResultsHypertrophic adipocyte–derived exosomes highly expressed miR‐802‐5p. Insulin sensitivity of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes was negatively regulated by miR‐802‐5p. TargetScan and luciferase reporter assays revealed that heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) was a direct target of miR‐802‐5p. HSP60 silencing was found to induce insulin resistance and to mitigate the insulin‐sensitizing effects of adiponectin. In addition, HSP60 depletion significantly increased the expression levels of C/EBP‐homologous protein and enhanced oxidative stress, accompanied by the increases in the phosphorylation of JNK and IRS‐1 Ser307. Moreover, the effects of HSP60 knockdown on C/EBP‐homologous protein and oxidative stress were abolished by the inhibition of either miR‐802‐5p or endocytosis.ConclusionsHypertrophic adipocyte–derived exosomal miR‐802‐5p caused cardiac insulin resistance through downregulating HSP60. These findings provide a novel mechanism by which epicardial adipose tissue impairs cardiac function.
Intensive Weight Loss Intervention and Cancer Risk in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Analysis of the Look AHEAD Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors:   Look AHEAD Research Group, Yeh Hsin‐Chieh , Bantle John P. , Cassidy‐Begay Maria , Blackburn George , Bray George A. , Byers Tim , Clark Jeanne M. , Coday Mace , Egan Caitlin , Espeland Mark A. , Foreyt John P. , Garcia Katelyn , Goldman Valerie , Gregg Edward W. , Hazuda Helen P. , Hesson Louise , Hill James O. , Horton Edward S. , Jakicic John M. , Jeffery Robert W. , Johnson Karen C. , Kahn Steven E. , Knowler William C. , Korytkowski Mary , Kure Anne , Lewis Cora E. , Mantzoros Christos , Meacham Maria , Montez Maria G. , Nathan David M. , Pajewski Nicholas , Patricio Jennifer , Peters Anne , Xavier Pi‐Sunyer F. , Pownall Henry , Ryan Donna H. , Safford Monika , Sedjo Rebecca L. , Steinburg Helmut , Vitolins Mara , Wadden Thomas A. , Wagenknecht Lynne E. , Wing Rena R. , Wolff Antonio C. , Wyatt Holly , Yanovski Susan Z. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveThis study was designed to determine whether intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) aimed at weight loss lowers cancer incidence and mortality.MethodsData from the Look AHEAD trial were examined to investigate whether participants randomized to ILI designed for weight loss would have reduced overall cancer incidence, obesity‐related cancer incidence, and cancer mortality, as compared with the diabetes support and education (DSE) comparison group. This analysis included 4,859 participants without a cancer diagnosis at baseline except for nonmelanoma skin cancer.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up of 11 years, 684 participants (332 in ILI and 352 in DSE) were diagnosed with cancer. The incidence rates of obesity‐related cancers were 6.1 and 7.3 per 1,000 person‐years in ILI and DSE, respectively, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.68‐1.04). There was no significant difference between the two groups in total cancer incidence (HR, 0.93; 95% CI: 0.80‐1.08), incidence of nonobesity‐related cancers (HR, 1.02; 95% CI: 0.83‐1.27), or total cancer mortality (HR, 0.92; 95% CI: 0.68‐1.25).ConclusionsAn ILI aimed at weight loss lowered incidence of obesity‐related cancers by 16% in adults with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes. The study sample size likely lacked power to determine effect sizes of this magnitude and smaller.
Impact of exogenous antithrombin on low molecular weight heparin anti‐Xa activity assays in a pediatric and young adult leukemia and lymphoma cohort with variable antithrombin levels
Authors: Schaefer Beverly , Hausfeld Adriane , Martin Matthew , Steele Paul , Martin Jan , Reher Sandra R. , Lane Adam , Luchtman‐Jones Lori 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundLow molecular weight heparin (LMWH) remains the most commonly prescribed pediatric anticoagulant. There is debate whether LMWH anti‐Xa assays with or without exogenous antithrombin (AT) best reflect anticoagulation effect, and how much discrepancy exists between assay types.ObjectivesWe assessed the effect of variable AT activity on LMWH anti‐Xa levels in plasma samples from anticoagulated pediatric and young adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma (ALL/L) patients, using two instruments and their commercial kits with and without exogenous AT (ie, four platforms).MethodsWe analyzed LMWH anti‐Xa levels on 60 plasma samples with known AT activity from 12 enoxaparin‐treated ALL/L patients, using four commercial kits from Siemens and Stago containing AT or not, on Siemens BCS and Stago STA R Max, respectively.ResultsOf 236/240 samples with interpretable results, mean AT activity was 80% (46‐138%). Correlation was acceptable for published kit ranges of LMWH anti‐Xa levels when comparing kits containing AT (r = 0.82, P < .0001), or not (r = 0.93, P < .0001), and within a manufacturer (Berichrom to Innovance, r = 0.92, P < .0001; Stachrom to STA‐Liquid Anti‐Xa r = 0.98, P < .0001). LMWH anti‐Xa levels were lower in platforms without added AT (P < .0001). For Stago kits, this effect increased when AT < 70% (P = .001, n = 19, mean 56%). Assay variability, measured as mean percent difference, was less pronounced with Stago kits (14.7%, n = 49) than Siemens (41.9%, n = 50).ConclusionsAlthough LMWH levels from anti‐Xa assays with added AT trend higher than in those without, correlation was fairly good between platforms in pediatric ALL/L plasmas, even when AT activity was <70%.
Enhanced electrical and dielectric properties of plasticized soy protein bioplastics through incorporation of nanosized carbon black
Authors: Tian Huafeng , Zhou Hongfu , Fu Hai , Li Xiaojie , Gong Wei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConductive soy protein biocomposite plastics with high performance were fabricated with glycerol as plasticizer and nanosized carbon black (CB) as conductive filler. Adopting a pretreatment of the CB nanofiller, its dispersion, and interaction with matrix was improved. The results indicated the existence of strong hydrogen bonding between soy protein matrix and CB fillers, which improved the interfacial bonding. The strong interactions between CB and protein restricted the mobility of protein segments, resulting in a dramatical reinforcing effect for the CB filled composites and enhanced mechanical properties. Besides, the incorporation of CB into soy protein increased the thermal stability as well as the water resistance of the composites. Moreover, a low percolation threshold of 0.76 vol% and fine electrical conductivity were obtained for the bionanocomposites, resulting in improved electromagnetic interference shielding properties. This work provides a simple and green way for the preparation of conductive and electromagnetic interference shielding materials from natural polymers.
Extracellular polymeric substance‐mediated tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms to atmospheric pressure nonthermal plasma treatment
Authors: Alshraiedeh Nid'a H. , Kelly Stephen A. , Thompson Thomas P. , Flynn Padrig B. , Tunney Michael M. , Gilmore Brendan F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic disease‐causing bacterium, with a number of strains exhibiting a mucus‐forming (mucoid) phenotype during infection, producing biofilms with a surrounding matrix containing alginate. Atmospheric pressure nonthermal plasmas (APNTP) are an emerging, potential approach to control biofilms across a range of medical and industrial applications. In this study, we examine the effect of plasma treatment on P. aeruginosa biofilms from clinical samples of cystic fibrosis patients, exhibiting both mucoid and non‐mucoid types. Biofilms of mucoid strains exhibit significantly elevated APNTP tolerance (p < .05). Endogenous alginate overproduction, as well as supplementation of P. aeruginosa cultures with exogenous alginate, results in significantly increased APNTP tolerance. Overall, this study shows how extracellular polymeric substance components mediate tolerance to APNTP, with significantly greater effects observed in mucoid strains.
Carbon dioxide clearance using bubble CPAP with superimposed high‐frequency oscillations in a premature infant lung model with abnormal lung mechanics
Authors: Sivieri Emidio M. , Eichenwald Eric C. , Rub David , Abbasi Soraya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐frequency (HF) oscillatory ventilation has been shown to improve carbon dioxide (CO2) clearance in premature infants. In a previous in vitro lung model with normal lung mechanics we demonstrated significantly improved CO2 washout by HF oscillation of bubble continuous positive airway pressure (BCPAP).ObjectiveTo examine CO2 clearance in a premature infant lung model with abnormal lung mechanics via measurement of end‐tidal CO2 levels (EtCO2) while connected to HF oscillated BCPAP.Design and MethodsA 40 mL premature infant lung model with either: normal lung mechanics (NLM): compliance 1.0 mL/cm H2O, airway resistance 56 cm H2O/(L/s); or abnormal lung mechanics (ALM): compliance 0.5 mL/cm H2O, airway resistance 136 cm H2O/(L/s), was connected to BCPAP with HF oscillation at either 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 Hz. EtCO2 was measured at BCPAPs of 4, 6, and 8 cm H2O and respiratory rates (RR) of 40, 60, and 80 breaths/min and 6 mL tidal volume.ResultsHF oscillation decreased EtCO2 levels at all BCPAPs, RRs, and oscillation frequencies for both lung models. Overall mean ± SD EtCO2 levels decreased (P < .001) from nonoscillated baseline by 19.3 ± 10.2% for NLM vs 14.1 ± 8.8% for ALM. CO2 clearance improved for both lung models (P < .001) as a function of oscillation frequency and RR with greatest effectiveness at 40 to 60 breaths/min and HF at 8 to 12 Hz.ConclusionsIn this in vitro premature infant lung model, HF oscillation of BCPAP was associated with improved CO2 clearance as compared with nonoscillated BCPAP for both NLM and ALM. The significant improvement in CO2 clearance in an abnormal lung environment is an important step towards clinical testing of this novel respiratory support modality.
Physical exercise as a tool to minimize the consequences of the Covid‐19 quarantine: An overview for cystic fibrosis
Authors: Fernandez‐del‐Valle Maria , Donadio Márcio Vinícius Fagundes , Pérez‐Ruiz Margarita 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCoronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) outbreak leading to the coronavirus disease (Covid‐19) has become a global pandemic. Patients with Cystic fibrosis are considered of major risk, as respiratory tract infections are more severe than in the general population, with a higher risk of complications and a negative impact on lung function. The performance of physical exercise is considered as key for its well‐known general benefits and also as a complementary method to help airway clearance. Therefore, physical exercise is also considered as key in the therapeutic strategy during the quarantine period. However, the impossibility to perform exercise with appropriate prescription and monitoring is of considerable worry to health care professionals. Thus, alternative strategies, such as online measures to monitor this therapy and, consequently, to achieve a safe and effective dose are highly needed. Exercise regimens should include strength and endurance, as well as balance and flexibility exercises. Patients are highly encouraged to participate in exercise programs to maintain fitness and exercise should be continued during the quarantine period. This commentary provides a summary of the main effects and benefits of physical exercise, as well as the main recommendations for its adequate execution, including exercise modality, frequency, intensity, and volume.
Giants are coming? Predicting the potential spread and impacts of the giant Asian hornet (Vespa mandarinia, Hymenoptera:Vespidae) in the USA
Authors: Alaniz Alberto J , Carvajal Mario A , Vergara Pablo M 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGOUNDBiological invasions are a global concern in agriculture, food production and biodiversity. Among the invasive species, some hornets are known to have serious effects on honey bees, as found during the invasion ofVespa velutinain Europe. The recent findings ofVespa mandariniaindividuals in Washington state in the west coast of the USA have raised alarm in the whole country. Here we estimate the potential spread ofV. mandariniain the USA, analyzing its potential impacts on honey bee colonies, economic losses in the honey bee industry and bee‐pollinated croplands.RESULTSWe found thatV. mandariniacould colonize Washington and Oregon states in the west coast and a significant proportion of the east coast. If this species spread across the country, it could threaten 95 216 ± 5551 honey bee colonies, threatening an estimated income of US$11.9 and 101.8 million for hive derived products and bee‐pollinated crops production, respectively, while colonizing 60 837.8 km2of bee‐pollinated croplands.CONCLUSIONOur results suggest thatV. mandariniawill have serious effects in the USA, raising the need for prompt monitoring actions and planning at different administrative levels to avoid its potential spread.
Efficient obstacle detection based on prior estimation network and spatially constrained mixture model for unmanned surface vehicles
Authors: Liu Jingyi , Li Hengyu , Luo Jun , Xie Shaorong , Sun Yu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecently, spatially constrained mixture model has become the mainstream method for the task of vision‐based obstacle detection in unmanned surface vehicles (USVs), and has shown its potential of modeling the semantic structure of the marine environment. However, the expectation maximization (EM) optimization of this model is quite sensitive to initial values and easily falls into a local optimal solution in the presence of significant rolling and pitching in rough seas. In addition, existing methods based on spatially constrained mixture model are susceptible to false positives in the presence of sun glitter. In this paper, a prior estimation network (PEN) is proposed to improve the mixture model, which together enable reliable monocular obstacle detection for USVs. We develop a weakly supervised E‐step to train the PEN for learning the semantic structure of marine images and estimating initial class priors in obstacle detection. To mitigate the influence of poor initial parameters on the convergence of EM optimization, we use the priors estimated by the PEN to calculate the initial parameters of the mixture model and automatically adjust the hyper priors on the semantic components in the mixture model. The output of the PEN is also applied to set the probability values of the outlier component in the mixture model, aiming to reduce false positives caused by sun glitter. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms the current state‐of‐the‐art monocular method by 15% improvement in sea edge estimation and a 3.3% increase in F‐score on the marine obstacle detection data set, as well as 69.5% improvement in sea edge estimation and a 39.2% increase in F‐score on our data set, while running over 40 fps.
Bad news for announcers, good news for rivals: Are rivals fully seizing transition‐period opportunities following announcers' top management turnovers?
Authors: Burchard Cord H. , Proelss Juliane , Schäffer Utz , Schweizer Denis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResearch summaryThis study analyzes whether and how the disruption of top management turnovers can affect not only turnover firms but also their intra‐industry rivals. It thus adds to the literature on both leader life cycles and competitive dynamics. Using a U.S. sample of 857 CEO turnovers, we find a period of relative stagnation for announcing companies following top management turnovers. We also find that intra‐industry rivals can use this period to their advantage. Semi‐structured interviews with seasoned CEOs, CFOs, and a board member from large publicly listed firms, as well as an extensive news search, support this notion. Intra‐industry rivals gain a competitive advantage that can result in positive abnormal stock returns and accounting performance. The intra‐industry outperformance is greater for forced turnovers.Managerial summaryThe departure of a company's CEO, forced or not, is usually a disruptive event for a company, as the successor must adapt to the new environment before undertaking any major strategic changes. Rivals can seize an opportunity during the transition period of the announcing company because they remain fully operational. They can thus actively exploit the relative inability of turnover companies to react by, for example, launching sales initiatives or increasing M&A activity. This interpretation is supported by internal and external evidence. Investors on average also recognize this situation, and stock prices react accordingly.
Revisit on holographic complexity in two-dimensional gravity
Authors: Cai Rong-Gen , He Song , Wang Shao-Jiang , Zhang Yu-Xuan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We revisit the late-time growth rate of various holographic complexity conjectures for neutral and charged AdS black holes with single or multiple horizons in two dimensional (2D) gravity like Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity and JT-like gravity. For complexity-action conjecture, we propose an alternative resolution to the vanishing growth rate at late-time for general 2D neutral black hole with multiple horizons as found in the previous studies for JT gravity. For complexity-volume conjectures, we obtain the generic forms of late-time growth rates in the context of extremal volume and Wheeler-DeWitt volume by appropriately accounting for the black hole thermodynamics in 2D gravity.
Spin-one dark matter and gamma ray signals from the galactic center
Authors: Hernández-Arellano H. , Napsuciale M. , Rodríguez S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this work we study the possibility that the gamma ray excess (GRE) at the Milky Way galactic center come from the annihilation of dark matter with a (1, 0) ⊕ (0, 1) space-time structure (spin-one dark matter, SODM). We calculate the production of prompt photons from initial state radiation, internal bremsstrahlung, final state radiation including the emission from the decay products of the μ, τ or hadronization of quarks. Next we study the delayed photon emission from the inverse Compton scattering (ICS) of electrons (produced directly or in the prompt decay of μ, τ leptons or in the hadronization of quarks produced in the annihilation of SODM) with the cosmic microwave background or starlight. All these mechanisms yield significant contributions only for Higgs resonant exchange, i.e. for M ≈ MH /2, and the results depend on the Higgs scalar coupling to SODM, gs. The dominant mechanism at the GRE bump is the prompt photon production in the hadronization of b quarks produced in $$ \overline{D}D\to \overline{b}b $$

D
¯

D
→

b
¯

b
, whereas the delayed photon emission from the ICS of electrons coming from the hadronization of b quarks produced in the same reaction dominates at low energies (ω < 0.3 GeV ) and prompt photons from c and τ , as well as from internal bremsstrahlung, yield competitive contributions at the end point of the spectrum (ω ≥ 30 GeV ). Taking into account all these contributions, our results for photons produced in the annihilation of SODM are in good agreement with the GRE data for gs ∈ [0.98, 1.01] × 10−3 and M ∈ [62.470, 62.505] GeV . We study the consistency of the corresponding results for the dark matter relic density, the spin-independent dark matter-nucleon cross-section σp and the cross section for the annihilation of dark matter into $$ \overline{b}b $$

b
¯

b
, τ+τ−, μ+μ− and γγ, taking into account the Higgs resonance effects, finding consistent results in all cases.
Evolution of entanglement wedge cross section following a global quench
Authors: Velni Komeil Babaei , Mozaffar M. Reza Mohammadi , Vahidinia M.H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We study the evolution of entanglement wedge cross section (EWCS) in the Vaidya geometry describing a thin shell of null matter collapsing into the AdS vacuum to form a black brane. In the holographic context, it is proposed that this quantity is dual to different information measures including entanglement of purification, reflected entropy, odd entropy and logarithmic negativity. In 2 + 1 dimensions, we present a combination of numerical and analytic results on the evolution and scaling of EWCS for strip shaped boundary subregions after a thermal quench. In the limit of large subregions, we find that the time evolution of EWCS is characterized by three different scaling regimes: an early time quadratic growth, an intermediate linear growth and a late time saturation. Further, in 3 + 1 dimensions, we examine the scaling behavior by considering thermal and electromagnetic quenches. In the case of a thermal quench, our numerical analysis supply results similar to observations made for the lower dimension. On the other hand, for electromagnetic quenches at zero temperature, an interesting feature is a departure from the linear behavior of the evolution to logarithmic growth.
6d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = (1, 0) anomalies on S1 and F-theory implications
Authors: Corvilain Pierre 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We show that the pure gauge anomalies of 6d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) theories compactified on a circle are captured by field-dependent Chern-Simons terms appearing at one-loop in the 5d effective theories. These terms vanish if and only if anomalies are canceled. In order to obtain this result, it is crucial to integrate out the massive Kaluza-Klein modes in a way that preserves 6d Lorentz invariance; the often-used zeta-function regularization is not sufficient. Since such field-dependent Chern-Simons terms do not arise in the reduction of M-theory on a threefold, six-dimensional F-theory compactifications are automatically anomaly free, whenever the M/F-duality can be used. A perfect match is then found between the 5d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 prepotentials of the classical M-theory reduction and one-loop circle compactification of an anomaly free theory. Finally, from this potential, we read off the quantum corrections to the gauge coupling functions.
Holographic QFTs on S2×S2, spontaneous symmetry breaking and Efimov saddle points
Authors: Kiritsis Elias , Nitti Francesco , Préau Edwan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Holographic CFTs and holographic RG flows on space-time manifolds which are d-dimensional products of spheres are investigated. On the gravity side, this corresponds to Einstein-dilaton gravity on an asymptotically AdSd+1 geometry, foliated by a product of spheres. We focus on holographic theories on S2× S2, we show that the only regular five-dimensional bulk geometries have an IR endpoint where one of the sphere shrinks to zero size, while the other remains finite. In the Z2-symmetric limit, where the two spheres have the same UV radii, we show the existence of a infinite discrete set of regular solutions, satisfying an Efimov-like discrete scaling. The Z2-symmetric solution in which both spheres shrink to zero at the endpoint is singular, whereas the solution with lowest free energy is regular and breaks Z2 symmetry spontaneously. We explain this phenomenon analytically by identifying an unstable mode in the bulk around the would-be Z2-symmetric solution. The space of theories have two branches that are connected by a conifold transition in the bulk, which is regular and correspond to a quantum first order transition. Our results also imply that AdS5 does not admit a regular slicing by S2× S2.