bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid maize genotypes test cross performance on agronomic traits
Authors: Andayani N N , Nur Amin , Aqil M , Efendi Roy , Azrai M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Maize production in Indonesia has increased significantly in the last five years. Various programs have been introduced by the government to support maize cropping system and increase yield per ha. In order to obtain a suitable hybrid combination, improvement of breeding program is obligatory. The objectives of the research were to determine the combining ability between lines and testers, and to evaluate the performance of crosses for agronomic component traits. Six inbred lines were test crossed with two male testers using line x tester mating design. Randomized complete block design was used as an experimental design with three replications at three locations in Indonesia. Results indicate that inbred line MYL7 had a positive and significant GCA effects for days to silking, maturity, ear diameter. Test cross MYL7×MAL01 had positive and significant SCA effect for ear length, MYL15×MAL01 for 1000-seed weight, and MYL10×MR14 for days to silking. Depend on the purpose of breeding program, each superior combination can be further explored for a specific use.
Growth of red dragon fruit seedlings (Hylocereus costaricensis L.) from two sources of cuttings at various concentrations of shallot solutions
Authors: Dachlan A , Rafiuddin  , Susanti  , Syam’un E , Asrul L , Ulfa F , Irindu D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
One of the obstacles faced in the expansion of the dragon fruit planting area is limited cutting materials to produce high quality seedlings. This study aimed to study the growth of dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis L.) seedlings from two sources of cuttings at various concentrations of shallots. The research was conducted at the Teaching Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin from November 2018 to February 2019. The trial was set based on Split Plot Design with source of cutting materials as the main plots, consisted of two types of sources ie. apical primary branch and basal primary branch, while concentration of shallots solution as sub plot, consisted of five levels, namely 0, 200, 400, and 600 g.L−1 water, and Rooton-F 10 gL−1 water. The results show that the growth of the dragon fruit seedlings from two different sources of cuttings at various concentrations of shallots did not show significant differences. Sources of cuttings from the basal of the primary branch gave the best results on the number of shoots (2.40 shoots). Application of various concentration of shallot solution resulted in the highest percentage of life cuttings (100%) compared to control (75%). The concentration of shallot solution of 600 g.L−1 water showed the highest results in shoot length (28.33 cm), root length (31.09 cm) and root volume (66.67 mL). The use of Rooton-F as a positive control gave the highest results in root length (31.09 cm) and root volume (66.67 mL).
Effect of Trichoderma and tofu waste based organic fertilizer on the fruit development of chili (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Mantja K , Fitrianti  , Farid M , Ulfa F , Mollah A , Amin A R , Ridwan I , Kasmiati  
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The study aimed to determine the effect of the application of Trichoderma and liquid organic fertilizer from tofu wastes on the growth and production of large chilli plants (Capsicum annuum L.). The study was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture Experimental Farm, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, from April to August 2017. This study used a factorial two-factor randomized block design with three replications. The first factor of Trichoderma dose consisted of four levels (control, 10 g plant−1, 15 g plant−1, and 20 g plant−1). The second factor was the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer consisted of four levels (control, 10 ml L−1, 15 ml L−1, and 20 ml L−1). The results show that the interaction between Trichoderma treatment with a dose of 10 g plant−1 and liquid organic fertilizer 15 ml L−1 gave a higher number of fruits per plant. Trichoderma treatment with a dose of 20 g plant−1 gave the heaviest fruit weight and fruit weight per plant. There is no one concentration of liquid organic fertilizer which gives better growth and production of chili.
Isolation of fungi producing hormone Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) on sugarcane bagasse and filter cake
Authors: Rahmad  , Asrul L , Kuswinanti T , Musa Y 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse and filter cake are the residual results of the process of extracting sugarcane stems into sugar which is widely used as an organic material that is beneficial to plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of fungi that live in sugarcane bagasse and filter cake to produce Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) hormone. A bagasse sample of 1 gram was crushed and suspended in 99 ml of pure aquades water and a 10 gram sample of filter cake was suspended in 90 ml of pure aquades. 1 ml was taken and put into 9 ml of sterile distilled water and then mixed using vortex and diluted 10−5 to 10−6, 0.1 ml pipette then poured into a cup containing Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. Purification was carried out by removing a fungi colony on a sterile PDA media and then morphologically characterized. Qualitatively testing IAA production capability by culturing 1 full loop on the PDA media, then put it into PDB media and added L-Triptophan and Salkowski reagents. Supernatant was stored for 24 hours at room temperature and dark. The change in color of the superoxide to pink indicates IAA and the quantity test was performed using a spectrophotometer λ 530 nm to measure absorbance. The results show that bagasse and filter cake isolates had morphological differences. All isolates tested had the ability to produce IAA. The average production of the hormone IAA of isolate from sugarcane bagasse was 1.063 – 3.469 ppm while filter cake was 0.891-1.547 ppm. The highest IAA production produced by T4 isolates of 3.469 ppm and fungi isolates which produced the lowest IAA hormone was B21 isolates of 0.047 ppm. T4 isolates from sugarcane bagasse have good potential to be developed for use in plants.
The effectiveness of the land suitability analysis approach as a determinant of a sustainable cocoa (Theobroma cacao. L) productivity improvement strategy in East Luwu Regency
Authors: Nurqadri S , Asrul L , Mustari K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study was conducted at Burau, Wotu, and Mangkutana Districts which are the center of cocoa production in East Luwu Regency. This study aimed to determine the strategies to increase cocoa yields (Theobroma cacao. L) in East Luwu according to the land suitability assessment and SWOT analysis. In this study, firstly, primary and secondary data were collected by doing a survey, while the determination of study sites was based on purposive sampling tecnique. Following data collection, land suitability assessment and SWOT analysis were conducted and used in order to determine the strategies. The results show that Burau, Wotu, and Mangkutana Districts are categorized in class S2 land (moderately suitable). In Burau, the limiting factor is temperature, while in Wotu and Mangkutana, the constrains are temperature, rainfall, and soil texture. Based on SWOT analysis and land suitability assessment, the strategies to increase cocoa productivity are optimizing the inputs of organic fertilizer and pesticide, using superior cultivars, educating the local farmers by organizing a weekly meeting, improving the production cost of cocoa beans, using cover crops, making catchment area, and improving the technologies.
The effectiveness of biofilter and density of different stocking in aquaponic resirculation systems in the integration of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) and pakchoy plants (Brassica rapa L.)
Authors: Munawarawanti A E , Omar S B A , Syamsuddin R , Syaiful S A , Ulfa F , Dachlan A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The availability of land and water for the cultivation process is limited, thus aquaponics cultivation technique is necessary to be considered. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of bio filter at different stocking densities and the effects on the growth of tilapia and pakchoy plants in aquaponic systems. This research was conducted at Romangpolong Village, Bontomarannu District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, from August to October 2018. The study was conducted in the form of factorial experiment with two factors arranged according to a randomized block design. The first factor was the treatment of biofilter with bioball filter media which consisted of three levels: without bioball, 25 bioballs, 50 bioballs. The second factor was the density of fish stock consisting of two levels namely density of fish stocking with 6 fish per 50 L water per container and with 12 fish per 50 L water per container. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance followed by the Least Significant Difference test at the level of 5%. The results indicate that the interaction of 25 bioballs filter and the fish density of 6 fish per 50 L container produced the best water quality, thus can support the optimum metabolic process and producing the best growth and survival of fish reaching 100 % and was able to supply the nutrient needs of pakchoy plants. The best results of growth and production of pakchoy shown were leaf area of 70.22 cm2 and fresh weight of 65.99 g/plant.
Vertical distribution of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, within potato plant canopy
Authors: Jumardi J , Melina M , Nasruddin A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most important pests of horticultural crops worldwide. The presence of the insect in South Sulawesi was first reported in 2016 when it was seriously damaging field grown potato crops in Malino, causing a yield loss of up to 39%. As a new invasive pest in the region, its population and distribution must be continuously monitored. Effective monitoring can only be achieved if it is based on the knowledge of insect bio-ecology and behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the vertical distribution of T. vaporariorum within the plant canopy. A survey was conducted in a farmer’s potato plantation in Tinggi Moncong, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The selected plantation was about 0.2 ha. Ninety plants were randomly selected throughout the field. Each plant canopy was divided into three parts: upper, middle, and lower parts. From each part of the canopy, two leaflets were randomly selected for egg, nymph, and adult counts. The adult number was determined in the field by slowly turning the leaves and all adults found on the lower leaf surface were counted and recorded. The leaves were then picked up and put inside of zip lock bags and brought to the lab for counting the eggs and nymphs under a dissecting microscope (200x). The results showed that about 81, 18, and 1% of the eggs were laid on the upper, middle, and lower parts of the canopy, respectively. Similarly, about 80, 17, and 3% of the adults were found on the upper, middle, and lower parts, respectively. In contrast, no nymphs were found in the upper part of the canopy but about 39 and 61% were found in the middle and lower parts, respectively. This information is very important in monitoring the pest on potato because we now know that for monitoring eggs and adults, the sample should be taken from the upper part of the canopy, whereas for monitoring the nymphs, samples should be taken from the middle and lower parts of the plant canopy.
The population density of arthropods in the rice field ecosystem with insecticide application
Authors: Fatahuddin F , Melina M , Fatmawaty F , Sulaeha S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This research was conducted in Jeneponto Regency with the purpose was to determine the effect of the use of insecticide on the presence of arthropods in the paddy ecosystem. This research was conducted in 2 rice plantations, each measuring 65 m x 12 m, the first plot was carried out without the application of insecticides in accordance with the habits of farmers. Arthropod sampling begins at the age of the plant 30 days to 70 days. Sampling is done every seven days. Sampling of Arthropod Sweep Net and Pitfall Trap Samples. Arthropod samples can be observed morphologically to know their counterparts in the paddy ecosystem. The results showed that in the rice field without insecticide found 6 species of pests, 10 species of predators, 7 species of predators, and 2 species, pollinators. In the rice field with applied insecticide, found 5 species of pests, 8 species of predators, and 3 species of parasitoids. The results of statistical analysis showed that the average number of arthropods found in rice fields without insecticide treatment was significantly different from those applied with insecticides starting at observations at 42 days to 77 days.
Evaluation of small-sized skidders performance
Authors: Grigorev G V , Dmitrieva I N , Kotenev E V 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The aim of the work is to further develop theoretical description of interaction between small-sized forestry vehicles and soils, to study productivity and indicators of interaction of wheeled and tracked vehicles with weaker forest soils. According to the calculation results it was established that the LMT-3 wheeled skidder when working on weakly-bearing soils is able to provide productivity when skidding trunks within 43 m3 per shift, with the trunks to be skidded for the tops. Productivity of small-sized tracked vehicle LMT-6 is slightly lower and makes up to 39 m3 per shift when trunks are skidded for the tops. For both tractor models, the productivity of skidding is reduced by approximately 5 m3 per shift when the trunks are to be skidded for the bottoms.
The analysis of the interaction of the abrasive wheel working fluid with the treated surface when grinding wood and wood materials
Authors: Sergeevichev A , Sokolova V , Vlasov E , Sergeevichev V , Fedyaev A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the mechanical technology of wood, a large amount of work falls on grinding operations, which are final in the manufacture of parts before finishing or gluing. The flow of these technological operations, the appearance and quality of products depends on the roughness of the polished surface. The use of abrasive wheels made of spherecorundum increases the productivity of the process of abrasive machining of parts. The field of application of hard abrasive tools for grinding wood and wood materials is expanding due to the reduction of tool salting and the elimination of burn-in of the treated surface. In the manufacture of an abrasive tool, the characteristics of the internal volumetric structure are regulated - granularity, grain content and ligaments. When grinding wood and wood materials, only the peripheral surface of the circle, its relief, takes a direct part in the work. The paper describes the relief of a circle made of spherecorundum and establishes a relationship between volumetric characteristics and its surface geometric parameters, which are necessary to determine the main indicators of the grinding process.
Development of innovative approach to diagnosis of coated abrasive surface
Authors: Shatko D B , Lyukshin V S , Strelnikov P A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
One of the most important performance criteria when machining parts is the surface quality, which depends on many parameters, in particular on the state of a cutting tool. However, a cutting tool eventually loses its cutting ability, and therefore, its timely diagnosis is necessary to exclude scrap in the form of a poorly machined surface. There are many methods for measuring the wear of a cutting tool, including direct and indirect ones, which allow monitoring the condition of a cutting tool and timely dressing or replacing it. At the same time, existing methods are not applicable for all types of tools, or do not provide complete information about their condition. This fully applies to a coated abrasive, the condition of which is determined, as a rule, visually or by the quality of the machined surface. Based on this, the study aimed at developing a new approach to the diagnosis of a coated abrasive face is of great relevance and practical value.
Evaluation of dispersion of MWCNT/cellulose composites sheet using electrical resistance 3D-mapping for strain sensing
Authors: Shin Pyeong-Su , Kim Jong-Hyun , Lawrence DeVries K , Park Joung-Man 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials including, but not limited to, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene have attracted considerable attention due to their nanoscale electrical conductivity. Flexible sensors have experienced a growing demand due to several potential applications, such as personalized health monitoring and robots. In this study, CNT/cellulose composite sheets were manufactured using spray methods for flexible sensors. MWCNTs were ultrasonically dispersed in an acetone solvent and flexible plain paper was used as a substrate on which the CNT suspension was sprayed. At the end of the coating process, to remove the acetone solvent, the specimens were dried in an oven. Electrical resistance (ER) three-dimensional-mapping and optical observation were used to confirm and evaluate the dispersion of CNTs on the paper. To access the wettability of CNT/cellulose sheets, the changes of static contact angle of distilled water droplets on the sheets were measured. The critical point of the CNT coating numbers was determined using the ER method as well as the change of wettability using the static contact angle measurements.
LuxUS: DNA methylation analysis using generalized linear mixed model with spatial correlation
Authors: Halla-aho Viivi , Lähdesmäki Harri 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Motivation
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification, which has multiple functions. DNA methylation and its connections to diseases have been extensively studied in recent years. It is known that DNA methylation levels of neighboring cytosines are correlated and that differential DNA methylation typically occurs rather as regions instead of individual cytosine level.

Results
We have developed a generalized linear mixed model, LuxUS, that makes use of the correlation between neighboring cytosines to facilitate analysis of differential methylation. LuxUS implements a likelihood model for bisulfite sequencing data that accounts for experimental variation in underlying biochemistry. LuxUS can model both binary and continuous covariates, and mixed model formulation enables including replicate and cytosine random effects. Spatial correlation is included to the model through a cytosine random effect correlation structure. We show with simulation experiments that using the spatial correlation, we gain more power to the statistical testing of differential DNA methylation. Results with real bisulfite sequencing dataset show that LuxUS is able to detect biologically significant differentially methylated cytosines.

Availability and implementation
The tool is available at https://github.com/hallav/LuxUS.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Propagation of BOLD Activity Reveals Task-dependent Directed Interactions Across Human Visual Cortex
Authors: Gravel Nicolás , Renken Remco J , Harvey Ben M , Deco Gustavo , Cornelissen Frans W , Gilson Matthieu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
It has recently been shown that large-scale propagation of blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activity is constrained by anatomical connections and reflects transitions between behavioral states. It remains to be seen, however, if the propagation of BOLD activity can also relate to the brain’s anatomical structure at a more local scale. Here, we hypothesized that BOLD propagation reflects structured neuronal activity across early visual field maps. To explore this hypothesis, we characterize the propagation of BOLD activity across V1, V2, and V3 using a modeling approach that aims to disentangle the contributions of local activity and directed interactions in shaping BOLD propagation. It does so by estimating the effective connectivity (EC) and the excitability of a noise-diffusion network to reproduce the spatiotemporal covariance structure of the data. We apply our approach to 7T fMRI recordings acquired during resting state (RS) and visual field mapping (VFM). Our results reveal different EC interactions and changes in cortical excitability in RS and VFM, and point to a reconfiguration of feedforward and feedback interactions across the visual system. We conclude that the propagation of BOLD activity has functional relevance, as it reveals directed interactions and changes in cortical excitability in a task-dependent manner.
The Functional Convergence and Heterogeneity of Social, Episodic, and Self-Referential Thought in the Default Mode Network
Authors: Wen Tanya , Mitchell Daniel J , Duncan John 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe default mode network (DMN) is engaged in a variety of cognitive settings, including social, semantic, temporal, spatial, and self-related tasks. Andrews-Hanna et al. (2010; Andrews-Hanna 2012) proposed that the DMN consists of three distinct functional–anatomical subsystems—a dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dMPFC) subsystem that supports social cognition; a medial temporal lobe (MTL) subsystem that contributes to memory-based scene construction; and a set of midline core hubs that are especially involved in processing self-referential information. We examined activity in the DMN subsystems during six different tasks: 1) theory of mind, 2) moral dilemmas, 3) autobiographical memory, 4) spatial navigation, 5) self/other adjective judgment, and 6) a rest condition. At a broad level, we observed similar whole-brain activity maps for the six contrasts, and some response to every contrast in each of the three subsystems. In more detail, both univariate analysis and multivariate activity patterns showed partial functional separation, especially between dMPFC and MTL subsystems, though with less support for common activity across the midline core. Integrating social, spatial, self-related, and other aspects of a cognitive situation or episode, multiple components of the DMN may work closely together to provide the broad context for current mental activity.