bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cervical lymph node metastasis of ovarian dysgerminoma: A case report with fine needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Maekawa Kazunari , Tokumitsu Takako , Minematsu Eiko , Noguchi Hiroshi , Nakamura Eriko , Asada Yujiro , Nakayama Tetsuo , Sameshima Hiroshi , Sato Yuichiro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDysgerminoma is a rare germ cell tumor, accounting for 1% to 2% of all malignant ovarian tumors. Here, we report a case of dysgerminoma diagnosed by aspiration cytology of a cervical lymph node. A 20‐year‐old woman presented with an abdominal mass and left cervical swelling. CT revealed a large pelvic tumor, along with a nodular lesion on the left side of neck. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of a cervical lymph node showed large atypical cells and small lymphocytes. Immunocytochemical staining on cell block material revealed that these large tumor cells were positive for placental alkaline phosphatase, D2‐40, and c‐kit. Dysgerminoma was suggested by FNA cytology. Furthermore, bilateral oophorectomy was performed, and histology confirmed the diagnosis of ovarian dysgerminoma. FNA cytology of metastatic lymph nodes along with immunocytochemistry is a useful tool for diagnosis of dysgerminoma.
Beta2‐adrenergic agonist clenbuterol increases energy expenditure and fat oxidation, and induces mTOR phosphorylation in skeletal muscle of young healthy men
Authors: Jessen Søren , Solheim Sara A. , Jacobson Glenn A. , Eibye Kasper , Bangsbo Jens , Nordsborg Nikolai B , Hostrup Morten 
Published: December 2019

AbstractClenbuterol is a beta2‐adrenoceptor agonist marketed as an asthma reliever but is not approved for human use in most countries due to concerns of adverse cardiac effects. Given its demonstrated hypertrophic and lipolytic actions in rodents, clenbuterol is one of the most widely abused doping substances amongt athletes and recreational body‐builders seeking leanness. Herein, we examined the effect of clenbuterol ingestion on metabolic rate as well as skeletal muscle mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation and protein kinase A (PKA)‐signaling in six young men. Before and 140 min after ingestion of 80 μg clenbuterol, resting metabolic rate and contractile function of the quadriceps muscle were measured, and blood samples as well as vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were collected. Clenbuterol increased resting energy expenditure by 21% (P < 0.001), and fat oxidation by 39% (P = 0.006), whereas carbohydrate oxidation was unchanged. Phosphorylation of mTORSer2448 and PKA substrates increased by 121% (P = 0.004) and 35% (P = 0.006), respectively, with clenbuterol. Maximal voluntary contraction torque decreased by 4% (P = 0.026) and the half‐relaxation time shortened by 9% (P = 0.046), while voluntary activation, time to peak twitch, and peak twitch torque did not change significantly with clenbuterol. Glycogen content of the vastus lateralis muscle did not change with clenbuterol. Clenbuterol increased circulating levels of glucose (+30%; P < 0.001), lactate (+90%; P = 0.004), insulin (+130%; P = 0.009), and fatty acids (+180%; P = 0.001). Collectively, these findings indicate that clenbuterol is an efficient thermogenic substance that possibly also exerts muscle hypertrophic actions in humans. For these reasons, the restrictions imposed against clenbuterol in competitive sports seem warranted.
#recovery: Understanding recovery from the lens of recovery‐focused blogs posted by individuals with lived experience
Authors: Kenny Therese E. , Boyle Sarah L. , Lewis Stephen P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveDefinitions of eating disorder (ED) recovery have primarily focused on symptom management (i.e., weight regain, reduced/absent ED behaviors, and normalized ED thoughts). Notwithstanding the importance of these approaches, there are arguably additional considerations in ED recovery. In order to get a more comprehensive understanding of recovery, it is necessary to turn to individuals with lived experience. Here, we examine how individuals with lived experience of an ED conceptualize and define recovery in narrative, recovery‐focused blogs and consider how this understanding may contribute to definitions of recovery in the field.MethodInductive thematic analysis was used to examine 168 blogs posted by at least 120 unique authors (95% women; 36% reporting anorexia nervosa diagnosis) to 10 moderated, ED websites.ResultsResults from the thematic analysis yielded seven themes: recovery as (1) existing in contrast to the ED, (2) existing in a broader context, (3) subjective, (4) a choice, (5) a complex, nonlinear process, (6) transformative, and (7) overcoming.DiscussionThe present findings are consistent with previous qualitative research, suggesting that recovery is multifaceted and encompasses more than just symptom management. Notably, bloggers highlighted that recovery may not be equally attainable for all individuals, citing numerous social justice issues in the conceptualization of recovery. This multifaceted and intersectional view of recovery is consistent with consumer models of recovery. We argue that a dimensional model of recovery may be a good starting framework for researchers and clinicians to develop a more comprehensive definition of recovery.
Prevalence and associated psychosocial and health factors of chronic pain in adolescents: Differences by sex and age
Authors: Wager Julia , Brown Donnamay , Kupitz Anna , Rosenthal Nicola , Zernikow Boris 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundChronic pain is a common issue in adolescents. Prevalence of pain and associated factors present differently in sex and age subgroups; however, the interaction of sex and age combined has not been thoroughly assessed. This study aimed to identify psychosocial and health factors associated with chronic pain in younger and older adolescent girls and boys.MethodsStudents from five schools in grades 5–10 self‐completed a pain survey. Participants were 2,280 adolescents (52% girls) aged 10–18 years (M = 12.95, SD = 1.84). Data were analysed using multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsChronic pain was present in 33% of participants. The risk of chronic pain increased by 29% in girls, compared to 16% in boys, per year of age (p = .039). Overall, depression (OR = 2.05, p < .001), anxiety (OR = 1.51, p < .001), lower school satisfaction (OR = 1.41, p = .034) and sleep issues (OR = 2.34, p < .001) were associated with chronic pain. Stratified analyses identified unique significant associations between chronic pain and psychosocial factors. In boys aged 10–13 years, higher socioeconomic status (OR = 1.76, p = .024) and poorer school performance (OR = 1.60, p = .027) were uniquely important; in girls aged 10–13 years, lower school satisfaction (OR = 2.92, p = .003) was associated with pain, and in older girls aged 14–18 years, anxiety (OR = 1.74, p = .009) was significantly associated with pain. When these differences were assessed statistically, only lower school satisfaction had significant differences between subgroups (p = .049).ConclusionsMany psychosocial and health factors are similarly important, with few differences, for chronic pain in girls and boys at different stages of adolescence.SignificanceWe report evidence that negative psychosocial and health factors are related to a higher prevalence of chronic pain in adolescents. Furthermore, the relationships between anxiety, socioeconomic status, lower school satisfaction and lower school performance with pain may vary between adolescents of differing sexes and ages. Understanding how possible risk factors for chronic pain contribute differently to the pain experience of adolescent girls and boys is an important step towards lowering the prevalence of this common health condition.
The relation between children's aerobic fitness and executive functions: A systematic review
Authors: Van Waelvelde Hilde , Vanden Wyngaert Karsten , Mariën Tineke , Baeyens Dieter , Calders Patrick 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA beneficial effect of physical activity on cognitive functioning is supposed, although to a certain extent, literature remains inconsistent. Furthermore, the mediating effect of aerobic fitness on this association remains unclear, especially in children. This review presents data from 26 articles on the relation between aerobic fitness and executive functions (i.e., inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) in prepubertal children (6–12 years). The qualitative synthesis was complicated by the use of diverse outcome measures to evaluate executive functions and the inconsistent inclusion of confounders. In general, cross‐sectional studies reported enhanced executive functioning in children with higher aerobic fitness levels. Only three intervention studies with inconclusive results were retrieved. Whereas a beneficial effect of aerobic fitness on executive functioning in children is often supposed, the available research does not allow to draw a causal conclusion. Good quality randomized‐controlled trials are necessary.Highlights

This study reviewed the supposed mediating effect of aerobic fitness on the positive association between physical activity and executive functioning.
Three intervention studies and 23 cross‐sectional studies confirmed a positive correlation between aerobic fitness and certain measures of executive functioning.
A causal conclusion about the beneficial effect of aerobic fitness on executive functioning cannot be drawn from this review.
A computational insight into the molecular interactions of chlorpyrifos and its degradation products with the human progesterone receptor leading to endocrine disruption
Authors: Hazarika Jnyandeep , Ganguly Mausumi , Mahanta Rita 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used pesticide effective against a large number of target pests, which is used by farmers to protect food crops. Based on earlier epidemiologic reports, which indicate that CPF might interfere with the progesterone signaling pathway and can affect conception, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the binding interaction of CPF with the human progesterone receptor (hPR). Progesterone is one of the important hormones of the reproductive system and through its receptor, PR, the progesterone signaling pathway regulates important reproductive functions including reproductive cyclicity and initiation and continuation of pregnancy. The binding interactions of four major degradation products of CPF, viz. chlorpyrifos‐oxon (CPYO), des‐ethyl chlorpyrifos (DEC), 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐methoxypyridine (TMP), 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol (TCP), were also studied to evaluate the possibility of endocrine disruption caused by these metabolites. Docking studies revealed that CPF, CPYO, and DEC were able to involve important interacting amino acid residues of the hPR during molecular interactions and are capable of competing with progesterone. Thus, CPF and its degradation products can act as potential xenoligands for the hPR and can disrupt normal progesterone signaling pathway.
Heteroannulation of 2‐amino‐6‐thioxouracil: A new access for the synthesis of fused pyrimidine derivatives
Authors: El‐Sayed Hassan A. , Assy Mohamed G. , Mahmoud Weam M. , El‐Sheakh Aly A. , Morsy Hesham A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn current work, heteroannulation of 2‐amino‐6‐thioxouracil to new fused pyrimidine scaffolds is described, where pyrimidine 1 undergoes cyclocondensation with pyruvic acid derivative 2 and ninhydrin (6) to furnish thiopyranopyrimidine 5 and thienopyrimidine 8, respectively. Alkylation of aminopyrimidine 1 with benzyl chloride consumed two moles to form S‐ and N‐alkylated product 9. Subjecting compound 9 to aminolysis with aniline derivatives resulted in 4‐aminopyrimidine 10a,b through Dimorth rearrangement. Furthermore, the addition of cyclic enamine 10a,b to ninhydrin and benzoyl isothiocyanate produced pyrimidine derivatives 12a,b and 14. Finally, the addition of enamenic carbon of 10a,b to polarized systems 2 or 18 afforded the pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines 17 and 21a‐d in moderate to good yield.
Microwave‐assisted synthesis of triazole derivatives conjugated with piperidine as new anti‐enzymatic agents
Authors: Virk Naeem A. , Rehman Aziz‐ur‐ , Abbasi Muhammad A. , Siddiqui Sabahat Z. , Iqbal Javed , Rasool Shahid , Khan Shafi U. , Htar Thet T. , Khalid Hira , Laulloo Sabina J. , Ali Shah Syed A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe current study was aimed for the study of piperidine‐based triazole compounds for their biological potential against various enzymes. A novel library of compounds, 9a‐r, having piperidine, 1,2,4‐triazole, and propanamides was synthesized through consecutive steps including the formation of sulfonamide, hydrazide, 1,2,4‐triazole, and thio‐ether. Initially, 4‐methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride (1) and ethyl isonipecotate (2) were utilized to develop ethyl 1‐(4‐methoxyphenylsulfonyl)‐4‐piperidinecarboxylate (3). The product 3 was converted into respective hydrazide (4) which was further cyclized into 1,2,4‐triazole (5) nucleus. A series of propanamides, 8a‐r, were synthesized from different amines, 6a‐r. These electrophiles, 8a‐r, were reacted with compound 5 under conventional and microwave‐assisted protocols to acquire the library of hybrids, 9a‐r. The structural confirmations were availed by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and IR techniques. The whole series was evaluated for biological potential against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and α‐glucosidase enzymes. The biological evaluation ranges low to high in potential for different compounds based on the structural variations of synthesized compounds. Almost all the compounds remained active against both the enzymes except a few ones. The bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding study demonstrated the flow of drug in the body, and the docking study explained the interactions responsible for active behavior of synthesized compounds.
Changes in the etiology of viral lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children in Wenzhou, China: 2008‐2017
Authors: Wen Shunhang , Yu Mengfei , Zheng Guifeng , Lv Fangfang , Chen Xiaofang , Lin Li , Li Changchong , Zhang Hailin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the seasonality and secular trends in the etiology of viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) among hospitalized children in Wenzhou, southeastern China. A retrospective review was conducted concerning viral LRTIs in children hospitalized at a university hospital between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2017. Direct immunofluorescence was used to detect respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (AdV), influenza A virus (Inf A), influenza B virus (Inf B), and human parainfluenza virus types 1 to 3 (hPIV1‐3). Of 89 898 children tested, at least one viral respiratory pathogen was identified in 25.6% and multiple pathogens were identified in 0.4%. RSV (17.6%), hPIV3 (4.0%), and AdV (2.2%) were the most frequently detected pathogens. The proportion of positive samples varied with age and was the highest in children aged  <6 months (36.2%). Seasonal differences were observed in RSV, AdV, Inf A, Inf B, hPIV1, and hPIV3 infections. There was a declining trend in the proportion of positive samples over time, primarily due to a decrease in RSV and hPIV3 infections. RSV, hPIV3, and AdV were the most common viral respiratory pathogens identified among hospitalized children with LRTIs. The distribution of viruses varied with age and season.
The impact of alloplast and allograft on bone homeostasis: Orthodontic tooth movement into regenerated bone
Authors: Klein Yehuda , Kunthawong Natthapong , Fleissig Omer , Casap Nardi , Polak David , Chaushu Stella 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study is to examine bone healing following augmentation with allograft or β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) and evaluate orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) into the augmented sites.MethodsThe study included two parts. Part I included the alveolar bone regeneration model. Osseous defects were created by extraction of the maxillary first molars in C57BL/6 mice, and the sockets were filled with allograft, β‐TCP, or left unfilled (n = 6/group). Mouse allograft was prepared by a novel method using long bones. Maxillae were collected at 2, 4, and 6 weeks for microcomputed tomography (μCT) and histological analysis. In Part II, OTM was performed after full bone healing, through grafted and unfilled sockets (n = 10/group), and the second molar shift was assessed using μCT.ResultsBone volume and trabeculation were reduced in β‐TCP compared with allograft and non‐grafted groups at 2 and 4 weeks post‐grafting, but similar at 6 weeks. Graft particles could be detected at 2 weeks post‐grafting for β‐TCP, and at 2 and 4 weeks for allograft. Increased osteoclasts’ presence was observed in the β‐TCP group at 2 and 4 weeks compared with allograft and control. OTM was similar in the two graft groups, but impaired versus the non‐grafted controls.Conclusionβ‐TCP and allograft induce full normal healing but alter OTM into the regenerated sites.
Exogenous β‐aminobutyric acid application attenuates Aspergillus decay, minimizes aflatoxin B1 accumulation, and maintains nutritional quality in fresh‐in‐hull pistachio kernels
Authors: Aghdam Morteza Soleimani , Luo Zisheng , Aminian‐Dehkordi Roghayeh , Jannatizadeh Abbasali , Farmani Boukaga , Younessi‐Hamzekhanlu Mehdi , Ahmadpour Abdollah , Razavi Farhang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPistachio fruits suffer from postharvest decay, caused by Aspergillus flavus. This results in aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) accumulation in kernels, which is hazardous for human health due to its carcinogenic activity. In this study, the mechanism used by exogenous β‐aminobutyric acid (BABA) treatment for attenuating Aspergillus decay, minimizing aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) accumulation, and maintaining nutritional quality in fresh‐in‐hull pistachio kernels, infected by A. flavus during storage at 25 °C for 18 days, was investigated.RESULTResults of an in vivo assay showed that the spore germination and germ tube elongation of A. flavus was repressed by BABA treatment at 7.5 mM. Aspergillus decay accompanied by AFB1 accumulation was also minimized in fresh‐in‐hull pistachio kernels treated with BABA at 7.5 mM and infected by A. flavus. Fresh‐in‐hull pistachio kernels, infected by A. flavus, treated with BABA at 7.5 mM, also exhibited higher phenol and flavonoid accumulation and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity accompanied by higher phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) enzyme activity.CONCLUSIONPromoting phenylpropanoid pathway activity with higher PAL enzyme activity in fresh‐in‐hull pistachio kernels treated with BABA may not only reduce Aspergillus decay in kernels by cell wall fortification but also may be favorable for maintaining the kernels’ nutritional quality through its effects on ROS scavenging capacity. As oxidative stress, represented by ROS accumulation, is responsible for A. flavus growth and AFB1 accumulation, higher phenol and flavonoid accumulation in fresh‐in‐hull pistachio kernels treated with BABA may be beneficial for attenuating Aspergillus decay and minimizing AFB1 accumulation. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Five‐year soil moisture response of typical cultivated grasslands in a semiarid area: Implications for vegetation restoration
Authors: Dang Zhi‐Qiang , Huang Ze , Tian Fu‐Ping , Liu Yu , López‐Vicente Manuel , Wu Gao‐Lin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSoil water deficit is one of the important abiotic stresses affecting vegetation restoration. The magnitude and spatiotemporal dynamics of soil water content (SWC) provide basic guidance for optimal vegetation restoration. In a semiarid Chinese area, the changes in the soil water storage (SWS) of five cultivated grasslands and one wasteland were observed, to evaluate the water consumption at different soil depths (0–100 cm), from 2008 to 2012. The plants of the three leguminous species consumed more water in deep soil layers (80–100 cm) and produced more aboveground biomass than the plants of the two gramineous species. The gramineous plants mainly consumed shallow soil water (0 ≤ 30 cm). The soil water deficit in the whole soil profile of Medicago sativa grassland (43–48%) was significantly higher than the deficit of the gramineous grasslands (p < .05). After 5 years of planting, the SWC of Agropyron cristatum grassland (21%) was the highest in the 20‐ to 80‐cm soil layer. The variation of SWS in M. sativa grassland did not significantly differ during this period, although its mean value was 28% lower than the value in A. cristatum grassland (181 mm). At the end of the experiment, leguminous grasslands caused a serious soil water shortage deficit in the 80‐ to 100‐cm soil layers. These results underscore that vegetation type determines the vertical distribution of soil water deficit, particularly in deep layers. To promote long‐term sustainability of water resources, planting A. cristatum may be a good choice for early grassland restoration in arid areas.
Effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastic fibers on Pacific mole crab (Emerita analoga) mortality and reproduction
Authors: Horn Dorothy A. , Granek Elise F. , Steele Clare L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMicroplastics are ubiquitous in marine systems; however, knowledge of the effects of these particles on marine fauna is limited. Ocean‐borne plastic debris accumulates in littoral ecosystems worldwide, and invertebrate infauna inhabiting these systems can ingest small plastic particles and fibers, mistaking them for food. We examined the effect of microplastic fibers on physiological and reproductive outcomes in a nearshore organism by exposing Pacific mole crabs (Emerita analoga) to environmentally relevant concentrations of microsized polypropylene rope fibers. We compared adult gravid female crab mortality, reproductive success, and embryonic developmental rates between microfiber‐exposed and control crabs. Pacific mole crabs exposed to polypropylene rope had increased adult crab mortality, and decreased retention of egg clutches, causing variability in embryonic development rates. These effects of microplastic ingestion on a nearshore prey species have implications for predators such as surf perf and shore birds, as plastic use, and resultant microplastic presence in nearshore environments increases. Microplastics are ubiquitous in marine and sandy beach environments, posing a significant threat to the marine organisms that reside therein. The most predominant classification of microplastics found have been microfibers. Although a number of biological effects of microplastics have been measured, with documented effects on growth, little research has examined how microplastic fibers affect reproductive output and subsequent development of offspring. We examined the effects of exposure to microfibers on adult mortality, reproductive output, and embryonic development of the filter feeding Pacific mole crab (E. analoga), a dominant infaunal organism on sandy beaches. We demonstrate the effects of microplastic ingestion on mole crab mortality and embryonic development, filling a gap in the current knowledge on the impact of microplastics.