bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantified CT Evaluation in coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A study of 30 Patients in Chongqing, China
Authors: Zhao Wei , Li Ji , Yang Jia , Ye Sikuan , Xiang Ying , Bao Yixi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Chest computed tomography (CT) provides insight into the progression and prognosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. Purpose To quantify the chest CT scans of patients with CODIV-19 pneumonia using the pulmonary inflammation index (PII)and associate it with the severity of pneumonia. Methods A total of thirty inpatients admitted between January 30 and February 29, 2020 with confirmed COVID-19 infection were enrolled in this retrospective review. Patients were classified as “severe”(those who met the severe pneumonia criteria) or “mild”. Chest CT scans and clinical statistics data were obtained at four milestones (the date of admission, 3 days after treatment, 1 week after treatment and the time the last CT scan was obtained before discharge orthe completionof our research). Results Thirty patients (18 males and 12 females, age 20–74 years) with confirmed COVID-19pneumonia were evaluated. Increased neutrophilswere noted in 11 (36.7%) patients and decreased in 3 (10%) patients. Elevation of C-reactive protein (CRP) in 22 (73.3%) patients and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in 27 (90%) patient were observed, but elevation of procalcitonin was not obvious. Seven (53.8%) patients had elevation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).The presentation of CT opacities was mainly in the form of distribution in both the severe andmild groups. The mean PII score in the severe group was 58% and 13.7% in the mild group. The score in the severe group was more than 50%and less than 20%in the mild group at every milestone. The score in the severe group was always higher than the mild group, therefore, the severity of the disease may be positively correlated with PII score. Conclusion The pulmonary inflammation index (PII) score of chest CT scans correlated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) progression and could be used to indicate severity in patients.
Acceptability, Appropriateness, and Preliminary Effects of the PrEP Diffusion Training for Lay HIV Workers: Increased PrEP Knowledge, Decreased Stigma, and Diffusion of Innovation
Authors: Wu Yumeng , Yang Gang , Meyers Kathrine 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Training lay health workers is a critical strategy for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) implementation, but little is known about effective approaches to conducting and evaluating such trainings. We evaluated the effect of the PrEP Diffusion Training, a one-day participatory training informed by the Diffusion of Innovation theory, on knowledge, PrEP stigma, implementation behavior, and diffusion of PrEP innovation among lay HIV workers in China.Methods Nine PrEP Diffusion Trainings were delivered to 220 lay HIV workers. We conducted multi-time-point surveys to assess acceptability, appropriateness, and preliminary effects of the training on participants’ knowledge, PrEP stigma, determinants of implementation behavior, and diffusion of PrEP information. We used an observation-based checklist to evaluate implementation fidelity.Results All trainings were delivered with high fidelity to the standardized manual, with little variability across sites. Acceptability and appropriateness of training were high. PrEP knowledge score significantly increased by 65% from pre-training to post-training, and remained high one month after the training. We observed a significant decrease in PrEP stigma and a positive influence on determinants of implementation behaviors. All participants surveyed one-month after the training reported having shared PrEP information in their social networks, and 43% reported integrating PrEP education into their routine HIV prevention work on a regular basis.Conclusions The PrEP Diffusion Training is a practical and effective strategy to build lay HIV workers’ capacity to participate in PrEP implementation. Longer-term follow up post training would be ideal to further assess actual PrEP uptake and sustained effects of intervention on PrEP implementation.
A Study on the Benefits of Participation in an Electronic Tracking Physical Activity Program and Motivational Interviewing During a Three-Month Period
Authors: Johnson Urban , Ivarsson Andreas , Parker James , Svetoft Ingrid , Andersen Mark B. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background The purpose of the study was to investigate if participation in a three-month electronic tracking outdoor physical activity and a motivational interviewing (MI) intervention led to positive behavioural, psychological, and physiological outcomes. Method Based on a two-group pre-post experimental design, 12 women and 6 men were randomly assign to an experimental (mean age = 51.9 years) and an control group (mean age = 48.9 years) based on the inclusion criteria: (a) having a primarily sedentary job, (b) limited exercise activity in the past year and (c) employed within the Halmstad Municipal Council. Physical activity data were collected continuously by wrist-worn activity sensors, and pre-post data were collected on the GHQ-12, the BREQ-2, body mass, body fat mass and total body muscle. Measures of cardiovascular fitness (time to exhaustion) were also taken pre to post. The experimental group was supported through individual MI coaching sessions and individual resistance-training programs specifically designed for use in an outdoor gym. Magnitude based inferences (MBI) were calculated based on the disposition of the confidence limits for the mean differences to the smallest worthwhile changes. Results MBI analysis of baseline measures showed differences in body fat between the groups. The experimental group had a small and beneficial increase in in physical activity behaviour (steps). Moreover, the control group had a medium decrease in identified regulation, but the experimental group maintained the same level at the post-measure. Conclusion Participation in the outdoor physical activity and MI intervention resulted in a small increase in in physical activity behaviour (steps) as well as a maintained level of identified regulation in the experimental group. The latter result may be related to a possible combined effect of MI and continuous feedback from the activity tracker. Although there are many questions that remain unanswered, the public health implications of using fitness technology to promote behaviour change seem worthwhile to study. Potential implications for future studies are provided.
Symbiotic microbiome Staphylococcus aureus from human nasal mucus modulates IL-33-mediated type 2 immune responses in allergic nasal mucosa
Authors: Jeon Yung Jin , Gil Chan Hee , Won Jina , Jo Ara , Kim Hyun Jik 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The host-microbial commensalism can shapes the innate immune responses in respiratory mucosa and nasal microbiome also modulates front-line immune mechanism in the nasal mucosa. Inhaled allergens encounter the host immune system first in the nasal mucosa, and microbial characteristics of nasal mucus directly impact the mechanisms of initial allergic responses in nasal epithelium. However, the roles of the nasal microbiome in allergic nasal mucosa remain uncertain. We sought to determine the distribution of nasal microbiomes in allergic nasal mucosa and elucidate the interplay between nasal microbiome Staphylococcus species and Th2 cytokines in allergic rhinitis (AR) models.Results: Staphylococcus aureus (AR-SA) and S. epidermidis (AR-SE) were isolated from the nasal mucosa of patients with AR. The influence of nasal microbiome Staphylococcus species on allergic nasal mucosa was also tested with in vitro and in vivo AR models. Pyrosequencing data showed that colonization by S. epidermidis and S. aureus was more dominant in nasal mucus of AR subjects. The mRNA and protein levels of IL-33 and TSLP were significantly higher in AR nasal epithelial (ARNE) cells which were cultured from nasal mucosa of AR subjects, and exposure of ARNE cells to AR-SA reduced IL-33 mRNA and secreted protein levels. Particularly, OVA-driven AR mice inoculated with AR-SA by intranasal delivery exhibited significantly reduced IL-33 in their nasal mucosa. In the context of these results, allergic symptoms and Th2 cytokine levels were significantly downregulated after intranasal inoculation of AR-SA in vivo AR mice. Conclusion: Colonization by Staphylococcus species was more dominant in allergic nasal mucosa, and nasal commensal S. aureus from subjects with AR mediates anti-allergic effects by modulating IL-33-dependent Th2 inflammation. The results demonstrate the role of host-bacterial commensalism in shaping human allergic inflammation.
Correlation of sagittal configuration of the sacrum and pelvic incidence evaluated by computed tomography measurements
Authors: Chen Hongfang , Tian Haijun , Zhou Yifan , Zhang Henghui , Zhao Changqing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective To measure the sagittal configurations of the sacrum using computed tomography (CT), and to investigate the correlation between the sagittal configuration of the sacrum and pelvic incidence. Methods The computed topographies of complete pelvic imaging between 2006 and 2018 was retrospectively studied. Measurements of pelvic and sacral morphological parameters were performed on the midsagittal plane of the 2D reconstruction images of computed tomography. Pelvic incidence (PI) (STA) were measured as previously described, and sacral table angle, sacral incidence (SI), sacral segmental vertebral angle (SSVA), sacral segmental kyphosis (SSK), central angle (SCA), arc length (SAL) as well as arc radius (SAR) were introduced to describe the segmental morphology of sacrum. Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Regression Analysis were used to determine the relationship between PI and sacral morphological parameters. Results A total of 304 subjects were finally included in this study. The average age of the patients were 46.22 ± 15.92 years, and the average PI was 45.24±8.68°. Most of the sacral morphological parameters were not different as affected by gender or age. The morphological parameters of S1: S1I, SSVA1 and STA were finally confirmed to be closely correlated with PI, while no significant correlation between sacral curvature (SCA) and PI was identified, and morphological parameters of other sacral segments were not correlated to PI either. Conclusion The morphological parameters of S1 are more closely correlated with PI, and the sacral incidence of S1 might serve as a useful tool for the calculation of PI.
Integration of human cell lines gene expression and chemical properties of drugs for Drug Induced Liver Injury prediction
Authors: Lesiński Wojciech , Mnich Krzysztof , Golińska Agnieszka Kitlas , Rudnicki Witold R. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Motivation: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the primary problems in drug development. Early prediction of DILI can bring a significant reduction in the cost of clinical trials. In this work we examined whether occurrence of DILI can be predicted using gene expression profile in cancer cell lines and chemical properties of drugs. Methods: We used gene expression profiles from 13 human cell lines, as well as molecular properties of drugs to build Machine Learning models of DILI. To this end, we have used a robust cross-validated protocol based on feature selection and Random Forest algorithm. In this protocol we first identify the most informative variables and then use them to build predictive models. The models are first built using data from single cell lines, and chemical properties. Then they are integrated using Super Learner method with several underlying methods for integration. The entire modelling process is performed using nested cross-validation. Results: We have obtained weakly predictive ML models when using either molecular descriptors, or some individual cell lines (AUC: 0.55-0.61). Models obtained with the Super Learner approach have a significantly improved accuracy (AUC=0.73), which allows to divide substances in two categories: low-risk and high-risk.
Evidence of integrated primary-secondary health care in low-and middle-income countries: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Hasan Md Zabir , Singh Shalini , Arora Dinesh , Jain Nishant , Gupta Shivam 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Integrated care is a people-centered health delivery approach that ensures the comprehensiveness, quality, and continuity of service across the settings and levels of health systems. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends integration across levels and building-blocks of health systems as a prerequisite of Universal Health Coverage (UHC). While health systems of low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are often fragmented and led by siloed service delivery structure, several LMICs – including India – have attempted health system integration. Several systematic reviews of evidence on healthcare integration from developed countries exist, but to date, no synthesis from LMICs was reported. This review will provide an overview of existing Integrated Primary Secondary Care Systems (IPSCS) in the context of LMICs, aiming to support policy decisions for the effective integration of health delivery systems in India. Methods: The review will be conducted following the six steps recommend by Arksey and O’Malley. Scientific and grey literature will be systematically selected from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus, and electronic repositories of the WHO, World Bank, Health Policy Plus, and OpenGrey. Using a comprehensive search strategy, literature written in English and published between 2000-2019 will be selected, and two independent authors will screen their titles and abstracts. The result will be charted using a data extraction form and reported using tables, figures, and in narrative form. Discussion: No ethical approval is necessary for the review. The review will be conducted between December 2019 and April 2020. The final report will be developed with the consultation of other stakeholders and disseminated through workshops, conference papers, and peer review articles. The review will serve as a guiding tool to approach, implement, and test the IPSCS model in India and other LMICs.
Genetic deletion of microRNA-22 blunts the inflammatory transcriptional response to status epilepticus and exacerbates epilepsy in mice
Authors: Silva Luiz FA , Reschke Cristina R , Nguyen Ngoc T , Langa Elena , Rodriguez Amaya Sanz , Temp Fernanda R. , Freitas Mayara L. , Gerbatin Rogerio R , Conroy Ronan M , Brennan Gary P , Engel Tobias , Henshall David C 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
MicroRNAs perform important roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Sequencing as well as functional studies using antisense oligonucleotides, indicate important roles for microRNAs during the development of epilepsy through targeting transcripts involved in neuronal structure, gliosis and inflammation. MicroRNA-22 (miR-22) has been reported to protect against the development of epileptogenic brain networks through suppression of neuroinflammatory signalling. Here, we used mice with a genetic deletion of miR-22 to extend these insights. Mice lacking miR-22 displayed normal behaviour and brain structure and developed similar status epilepticus after intraamygdala kainic acid compared to wildtype animals. Continuous EEG monitoring after status epilepticus revealed an accelerated and exacerbated epilepsy phenotype whereby spontaneous seizures began sooner, occurred more frequently and were of longer duration in miR-22-deficient mice. RNA sequencing analysis of the hippocampus during the period of epileptogenesis revealed a specific suppression of inflammatory signalling in the hippocampus of miR-22-deficient mice. Taken together, these findings indicate a role for miR-22 in establishing early inflammatory responses to status epilepticus. Inflammatory signalling may serve anti-epileptogenic functions and cautions the timing of anti-inflammatory interventions for the treatment of status epilepticus.
Risk-benefit analysis of isoniazid monotherapy to prevent tuberculosis in patients with rheumatic diseases exposed to prolonged, high-dose glucocorticoids
Authors: Park Jun Won , Curtis Jeffrey R , Lee Hajeong , Lee Jung-Kyu , Song Yeong Wook , Lee Eun Bong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective To investigate the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in patients with rheumatic diseases receiving high-dose glucocorticoids and to evaluate the preventive effect of isoniazid (INH). Methods This study included 1618 treatment episodes of prolonged (≥4 weeks), high-dose steroids (≥30mg/day of prednisone) in 1160 patients. Of these, INH was administered in 152 (9.4%) treatment episodes (INH group), while others received no prophylaxis (control group). The high-risk subgroup (n=92) was defined as patients with 1) incomplete adherence to treatment of previous TB, 2) positive interferon-γ release assay, and/or 3) linear/reticular fibrotic lesions on chest radiographs. Primary outcome was 1-year incidence of TB in each group. Results During 1579.8 person-years, 21 cases of TB occurred. The high-risk subgroup showed a significantly higher TB incidence than the non-high-risk subgroup (Incidence rate ratio=8.29). INH did not significantly affect the 1-year TB incidence in the whole population but numerically reduced it only in the high-risk subgroup [adjusted hazards ratio=0.48 (95% CI, 0.003–5.46)]. The incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) related to INH was 111.6 (89.3–137.9)/100 person-years, including one fatal occurrence of fulminant hepatitis. The number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one case of TB was lower than the number needed to harm (NNH) for one case of serious ADR only in the high-risk subgroup (3 vs. 11). Conclusion INH treatment to prevent TB might be effective in high-risk patients but has a risk of frequent ADRs, which limits its use in general practice in patients not at a high risk of developing TB.
NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 attenuates primary dysmenorrhea in mice via the NF-κB/COX-2/PG pathway
Authors: biao tang , Dan Liu , Lingyu Chen , yu liu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) constitutes a common gynecological disease among young women. The NLRP3 inflammasome may be activated and expressed in PD, but the mechanistic link between NLRP3 inflammasome activation and PD is still unclear.Methods: To investigate the potential role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the pathogenesis of PD, thirty female Kunming mice without pregnancy were used for experiments. The PD mouse model was constructed by 11 days of successive co-treatment with estradiol and oxytocin. MCC950, a potent and specific small-molecule inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, was used to treat PD mice. The disease level was assessed by the writhing response and hot water tail-flick test. The levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) in the uterine tissues of mice were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of protein and cytokines, including NLRP3, cysteine aspartic acid-specific protease 1 (caspase-1), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, phospho-NF-κB p65, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were revealed by western blot analysis.Results: MCC950 greatly ameliorated the writhing response induced by the combination of oxytocin and estradiol, with an increasing length of tail-flick latency. MCC950 also significantly decreased the levels of PGF2α and PGE2, and the expressions of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, phospho-NF-κB p65, NF-κB p65, and COX-2 in the uterus.Conclusions: MCC950 markedly alleviated the pain and pathological damage in PD mice by inhibiting NLRP3 activation. The underlying mechanism may be related to hypoactive uterine inflammation via suppression of NLRP3 activation and the NF-κB/COX-2/PG pathway in uteruses of PD mice.
Situational judgment test validity: An exploratory model of the participant response process using cognitive and think-aloud interviews
Authors: Wolcott Michael D. , Lobczowski Nikki G. , Zeeman Jacqueline M. , McLaughlin Jacqueline E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Situational judgment tests (SJTs) are used in health sciences education to measure knowledge using case-based scenarios. Despite their popularity, there is a significant gap in the validity evidence and research on the response process that demonstrate how SJTs measure their intended constructs. Models of the SJT response process have been proposed in the literature; however, few studies explore and expand these models beyond surface-level attributes. The purpose of this study was to describe the factors and strategies involved in the cognitive process examinees use as they respond to SJT items.Methods: Thirty participants—15 students and 15 experienced practitioners—completed a 12-item SJT designed to measure empathy. Each participant engaged in a think-aloud interview while completing the SJT followed by a cognitive interview probing their decision-making processes. Interviews were transcribed and independently coded by three researchers to identify salient themes and factors that contributed to the response process. Results: Results suggested that the SJT response process included the complex integration of comprehension, retrieval, judgment, and response selections. Each of these response process stages were influenced by attributes such as perceived objective of the task, job-specific knowledge, assumptions about the scenario, and item setting. Conclusions: This study provides an evaluation of the SJT response process and contributes exploratory information to the validity evidence of SJTs; these findings can inform the design, interpretation, and utility of SJTs.