bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crack Formation on Crystalline Bismuth Oxychloride Thin Square Sheets by Using a Wet‐Chemical Method
Authors: Yi Ronghua , Wang Yaoli , Zhou Xu , Li Zhuoyao , Zhang Chengyu , He Chengyu , Li Hai , Gao Yongqian , Huang Xiao , Lu Gang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe morphology of nanocrystals is crucial in modulating their properties including optical, chemical and catalytic ones. For the intensively studied sheet‐like structures, it is also important to engineer their detailed nanostructures on sheet surfaces. In this work, micron‐sized bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) thin square sheets in tetragonal matlockite‐like phase and the corner‐truncated ones were successfully synthesized by using a simple wet‐chemical method. These square sheets could be partially etched, forming surface cracks with the size and density easily tuned. Two different types of cracks were observed on the surfaces of the corner un‐truncated and truncated BiOCl square sheets. Surprisingly, radial cracks formed on the corner‐truncated BiOCl sheets, which is attributed to the existence of physical stress during the etching and is highly related to the original nanostructure of the BiOCl sheets. This work provides a wet‐chemical method for engineering surface cracks, especially radial cracks, on the surfaces of BiOCl nanosheets, which may be expanded to surface engineering of other nanosheets and will show a great potential in various fields.
Genomic characterization of Ugandan smallholder farmer‐preferred cassava varieties
Authors: Iragaba Paula , Kawuki Robert S. , Bauchet Guillaume , Ramu Punna , Tufan Hale A. , Earle Elizabeth D. , Gore Michael A. , Wolfe Marnin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic relationships among farmer‐preferred cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties is indispensable to genetic improvement efforts. In this study, we present a genetic analysis of 547 samples of cassava grown by 192 smallholder farmers, which were sampled at random within four districts in Uganda. We genotyped these samples at 287,952 single nucleotide polymorphisms using genotyping‐by‐sequencing and co‐analyzed them with 349 cassava samples from the national breeding program in Uganda. The samples collected from smallholders consisted of 86 genetically unique varieties, as assessed using a genetic distance‐based approach. Of these varieties, most were cultivated in only one district (30 in Kibaale, 19 in Masindi, 14 in Arua, and three in Apac), and only three were cultivated across all districts. The genetic differentiation we observed among farming districts in Uganda (mean fixation index [FST] = .003) is similar to divergence observed within other countries. Despite the fact that none of the breeding lines were directly observed in farmer fields, genetic divergence between the populations was low (FST = .020). Interestingly, we detected the presence of introgressions from the wild relative M. glaziovii Müll. Arg. on chromosomes 1 and 4, which implies ancestry with cassava breeding lines. Given the apparently similar pool of alleles in the breeding germplasm, it is likely that breeders have the raw genetic material they require to match the farmer‐preferred trait combinations necessary for adoption. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the genetic makeup of cassava currently grown by smallholder farmers and relative to that of plant breeding germplasm.
Factors and outcomes associated with discontinuation of basal insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Puhong , Zhang Heng , Li Xian , Chen Minyuan , Wang Du , Ji Linong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess treatment discontinuation, associated factors and outcomes after initiating basal insulin (BI) among Chinese insulin‐naïve patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who had previously uncontrolled hyperglycaemia on OADs.PatientsInsulin‐naïve patients with T2DM who had uncontrolled hyperglycaemia (HbA1c ≥7%) by OADs and were willing to initiate BI treatment were enrolled from 209 secondary and tertiary hospitals in eight geographical regions in China.DesignEach participant was interviewed at baseline, 3 and 6 months to collect study information. Patients with at least one visit during follow‐up were included in the analyses. BI discontinuation was defined by a question asking whether the patient discontinued BI therapy at 3 or 6 months. Analyses were conducted to identify baseline factors associated with BI discontinuation and to estimate the association between insulin treatment discontinuation and patients' clinical outcomes at 6 months.ResultsOf 17 858 patients, 25.8% discontinued basal insulin therapy within 6 months after initiation, and nearly two‐thirds doing so within the first 3 months. Among patients discontinued basal insulin, 70.2% stopped all insulin therapy; 25.9% switched to premixed insulin and 3.8% switched to bolus only. Three most common reasons for BI discontinuation reported by patients were being unwilling to persist basal insulin without specific reasons (46.8%), reducing the frequency of daily injection (23.5%) and medical affordability (15.1%). Factors significantly associated with BI discontinuation were hospital level, patient recruitment setting, age, education level, out‐of‐pocket ratio, BMI, diabetes duration, self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), numbers of OADs, BI type and insulin regimen. Compared with discontinuers, patients continued BI therapy had higher FPG (46.4% vs 28.8%) and HbA1c (42.3% vs 36.5%) control rate.ConclusionAmong patients with T2DM who initiated BI therapy due to uncontrolled hyperglycaemia by OADs, the proportion of insulin discontinuation was high within 6 months. Further study is needed to understand the reason behind the BI discontinuation.
The TpxM Core in Csp3–H Bond Functionalization Reactions: Comparing Carbene, Nitrene, and Oxo Insertion Processes (Tpx = Scorpionate Ligand; M = Cu, Ag)
Authors: Díaz‐Requejo M. Mar , Pérez Pedro J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Pedro J. Pérez from Universidad de Huelva, Spain. The cover image shows the three metal intermediates (carbene, nitrene, oxo) relevant to the group 11 metal‐catalyzed functionalization of carbon–hydrogen bonds of alkanes.
Retention of Eucalyptol, a Natural Volatile Insecticide, in Delivery Systems Based on Hydroxypropyl‐β‐Cyclodextrin and Liposomes
Authors: Gharib Riham , Jemâa Jouda Mediouni Ben , Charcosset Catherine , Fourmentin Sophie , Greige‐Gerges Hélène 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEucalyptol (Euc) is a natural monoterpene with insecticide effects. Being highly volatile and sensitive to ambient conditions, its encapsulation would enlarge its application. Euc‐loaded conventional liposomes (CL), cyclodextrin/drug inclusion complex, and drug‐in‐cyclodextrin‐in‐liposomes (DCL) are prepared to protect Euc from degradation, reduce its evaporation, and provide its controlled release. The liposomal suspension is freeze‐dried using hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) as cryoprotectant. The liposomes are characterized before and after freeze‐drying. The effect of Euc on the fluidity of liposomal membrane is also examined. A release study of Euc from delivery systems, in powder and reconstituted forms, is performed by multiple head extraction at 60 °C after 6 months of storage at 4 °C. CL and DCL suspensions are homogeneous, show nanometric vesicles size, spherical shape, and negative surface charge before and after freeze‐drying. Moreover, HP‐β‐CD does not affect the fluidity of liposomes. CL formulations present a weak encapsulation for Euc. The loading capacity of eucalyptol in DCL is 38 times higher than that in CL formulation. In addition, freeze‐dried DCL and HP‐β‐CD/Euc inclusion complex show a higher retention of eucalyptol than CL delivery system. Both carrier systems HP‐β‐CD/Euc and Euc‐loaded DCL decrease Euc evaporation and improve its retention.Practical Applications: Eucalyptol is a natural insecticide. It is highly volatile and poorly soluble in water. To enlarge its application, its encapsulation in three delivery systems (conventional liposomes, cyclodextrin/drug inclusion complex, combined system composed of cyclodextrin inclusion complex and liposome) is studied. In this paper it is proved that cyclodextrin/eucalyptol inclusion complex and eucalyptol‐in‐cyclodextrin‐in‐liposome are effective delivery systems for encalyptol encapsulation, retention, and release.
Recessionary actions and absence: A workplace‐level study
Authors: Wood Stephen , Michaelides George , Ogbonnaya Chidiebere 
Published: March 2020

AbstractActions such as work restructuring and wage and employment freezes taken by organizations in response to recessions are widely assumed to decrease employees' job security and detrimentally affect perceptions of management's trustworthiness. We assess whether these effects occur and if, in turn, they affect workplace absenteeism. Using data from Britain's Workplace Employee Relations Survey 2011, we show that the effects on stress‐based absence are limited and not as predicted, but the effects on withdrawal‐based absence are strong and as predicted. Reductions in well‐being or job security's effect on well‐being did not affect absence, and while the reduction of trust perceptions' effect was to increase anxiety, anxiety did not increase but reduced absenteeism. The effects on withdrawal absence differ: those of recessionary action through job security reduce absenteeism, while those through trust perceptions increase it, both as predicted. The two effects involving trust perceptions are less pronounced when recessionary actions are accompanied by voluntary layoffs, but not by compulsory layoffs. The implications for management are that they should be more conscious of the effects on absence when planning recessionary actions, and more generally their effects on presenteeism.
Influence of an inclined stretching cylinder over MHD mixed convective nanofluid flow due to chemical reaction and viscous dissipation
Authors: Mondal Hiranmoy , Das Subrata , Kundu Prabir Kumar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper analyzed the steady two‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamic mixed convective viscous nanofluid and heat transfer toward an inclined stretching cylinder with chemical reaction and uniform magnetic field. The governing partial differential equation in a cylindrical form is reduced to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using appropriate similarity transformation and solved numerically by spectral quasilinearization methods (SQLMs). A new approach of this method is employed to derive numerical expressions for velocity, temperature, and concentration profile. The convergence and accuracy of our numerical scheme are observed. The SQLM is employed to find out the convergent series solution. There is an increase in the temperature profiles due to the increase in the thermophoresis parameter. The increase in effective Eckert number results in the increase of the temperature profile.
Soret‐Dufour effects in electroosmotic biorheological flow of Jeffrey fluid
Authors: Noreen Saima , Riaz Areeba , Lu Dianchen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Soret and Dufour cross‐diffusion on the electrokinetic flow of Jeffrey fluid augmented with peristalsis have been presented. The fundamental equations are employed to predict the mass distribution in the two‐dimensional asymmetric electroosmotic channel. Reliable approximations such as low Peclet, low Reynolds, and large wavelength are utilized. The analytical solutions of the concentration, temperature, velocity, and stream function are obtained. To predict the effects of prominent parameters such as fluid parameter, electroosmotic parameter, Brinkman, Soret, and Schmidt number graphs are plotted. The phenomenon of trapping is also discussed to observe the behavior on streamlines. It is observed that the electroosmotic parameter enhances the temperature profile. With the increase in Jeffrey fluid parameter, the Nusselt number is decreased. Furthermore, the concentration is decreased with the elevation in Soret and Schmidt numbers. The current study can help reduce the conversion stages necessary for the integration of the low voltage output in an electrokinetic biomass process.
Allergen‐specific immunotherapy for patients with atopic dermatitis sensitized to animal dander
Authors: Chu Howard , Park Kyung Hee , Kim Su Min , Lee Jae‐Hyun , Park Jung‐Won , Lee Kwang Hoon , Park Chang Ook 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, and AD patients are commonly sensitized to house dust mite (HDM). Of the several treatment options available, allergen‐specific immunotherapy (AIT) has been recognized as an effective treatment modality that is directed toward the immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated nature of AD, and subcutaneous administration using HDM is most commonly used for AIT in AD. For patients sensitized to animal (dog or cat) dander, the treatment may not be easy, especially when avoiding the allergen is not possible.MethodsThis study enrolled patients with AD who were sensitized to cat and/or dog dander and underwent AIT (n = 19). Patients’ medical information was obtained, including past treatment history, treatment duration of AIT, and the progress of treatment. Also, the specific IgE levels and IgG4 levels were measured before and after AIT.ResultsA total of 19 patients with AD underwent AIT using cat and/or dog dander. The patients consisted of 4 males and 15 females with an average age of 31.74 ± 9.71. Only two patients had AD only, and the other 17 patients had one or more concomitant allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, or allergic conjunctivitis. Seven patients were not sensitized to HDMs and only sensitized to cat and/or dog dander. The duration of AIT ranged from 2 to 58 months. The symptoms of 17 patients were well‐controlled, requiring only topical treatment and/or oral antihistamines. One patient required systemic cyclosporine, but only of low dose (25 mg/day). The specific IgE levels were decreased (P = .005) and IgG4 levels showed the tendency of increasing after AIT. No adverse events were observed in these patients.ConclusionAlthough a larger number of patients for a longer follow‐up period are needed to precisely assess the treatment efficacy, AIT using cat and/or dog dander may be an effective treatment option for AD patients, especially for severe AD patients with other respiratory allergic comorbidities who cannot completely avoid the exposure to animal dander.
Profiles of immune‐related genes and immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment of diffuse lower‐grade gliomas
Authors: Deng Xiangyang , Lin Dongdong , Zhang Xiaojia , Shen Xuchao , Yang Zelin , Yang Liang , Lu Xiangqi , Yu Lisheng , Zhang Nu , Lin Jian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment is highly correlated with tumor occurrence, progress, and prognosis. We aimed to investigate the immune‐related gene (IRG) expression and immune infiltration pattern in the tumor microenvironment of lower‐grade glioma (LGG). We employed the Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm to calculate immune and stromal scores and identify prognostic IRG based on The Cancer Genome Atlas data set. The potential molecular functions of these genes were explored with the help of functional enrichment analysis and the protein–protein interaction network. Remarkably, three cohorts that were downloaded from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas database were analyzed to further verify the prognostic values of these genes. Moreover, the Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER) algorithm was used to estimate the abundance of infiltrating immune cells and explore the immune infiltration pattern in LGG. And unsupervised cluster analysis determined three clusters of the immune infiltration pattern and indicated that CD8+ T cells and macrophages were significantly associated with LGG outcomes. Altogether, our study identified a list of prognostic IRGs and provided a perspective to explore the immune infiltration pattern in LGG.
Loss and rescue of osteocalcin and osteopontin modulate osteogenic and angiogenic features of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells
Authors: Carvalho Marta S. , Silva João C. , Hoff Christopher M. , Cabral Joaquim M. S. , Linhardt Robert J. , da Silva Cláudia L. , Vashishth Deepak 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNoncollagenous proteins in the bone extracellular matrix, such as osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OPN), inherent to evolution of bone as a skeletal tissue, are known to regulate bone formation and mineralization. However, the fundamental basis of this regulatory role remains unknown. Here, for the first time, we use mouse mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) lacking both OC and OPN to investigate the mechanistic roles of OC and OPN on the proliferation capacity and differentiation ability of MSC. We found that the loss of OC and OPN reduces stem cells self‐renewal potential and multipotency, affects their differentiation into an osteogenic lineage, and impairs their angiogenic potential while maintaining chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages. Moreover, loss of OC and OPN compromises the extracellular matrix integrity and maturation, observed by an unexpected enhancement of glycosaminoglycans content that are associated with a more primitive skeletal connective tissue, and by a delay on the maturation of mineral species produced. Interestingly, exogenously supplemented OC and OPN were able to rescue MSC proliferative and osteogenic potential along with matrix integrity and mineral quality. Taken together, these results highlight the key contributions of OC and OPN in enhancing osteogenesis and angiogenesis over primitive connective tissue, and support a potential therapeutic approach based on their exogenous supplementation.
A report of clinical diagnosis and treatment of nine cases of coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Chen Qing , Quan Bin , Li Xiaoning , Gao Guangjian , Zheng Wenqiang , Zhang Jun , Zhang Zhiyun , Liu Chunsheng , Li Li , Wang Chenglin , Zhang Guihua , Li Jiajia , Dai Yunhai , Yang Jianghua , Han Wenzheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has become an important public health issue in the world. More than 118 000 cases were confirmed around the world. The main clinical manifestations were respiratory symptoms and occasional gastrointestinal symptoms. However, there is no unified standard for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID‐19. In the retrospective analysis, we report nine cases of COVID‐19, describe the history of contact, clinical manifestations, the course of diagnosis and clinical treatment before, during and after treatment.
Histone deacetylase inhibition reduces ventral tegmental area dopamine neuronal hyperexcitability involving AKAP150 signaling following maternal deprivation in juvenile male rats
Authors: Shepard Ryan D. , Langlois Ludovic D. , Authement Michael E. , Nugent Fereshteh S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTraumatic early life stress (ELS) is linked to dopamine (DA) dysregulation which increases the probability of developing psychiatric disorders in adolescence and adulthood. Our prior studies demonstrated that a severe early life stressor, a 24‐hr maternal deprivation (MD) in juvenile male rats, could lead to altered DA signaling from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) due to impairment of GABAergic synaptic plasticity (promoting GABAergic long‐term depression, LTD) with concomitant changes in the abundance of synaptic regulators including A‐kinase anchoring protein (AKAP150). Importantly, these MD‐induced synaptic changes in the VTA were accompanied by upregulation of histone deacetylase 2, histone hypoacetylation, and were reversible by HDAC inhibition. Using cell‐attached and whole‐cell patch clamp recordings, we found that MD stress also increased spontaneous VTA DA neuronal activity and excitability in juvenile male rats without affecting intrinsic excitability. Postsynaptic chemical disruption of AKAP150 and protein kinase A interaction increased VTA DA neuronal excitability in control non‐MD rats mimicking the effects of MD on DA cell excitability with similar changes in membrane properties. Interestingly, this disruption decreased MD‐induced VTA DA hyperexcitability. This MD‐induced DA neuronal hyperexcitability could also be normalized at 24 hr after injection of the class 1 HDAC inhibitor, CI‐994. Altogether, our data suggest that AKAP150 plays a critical role in the regulation of VTA DA neuronal excitability and that HDAC‐mediated targeting of AKAP150 signaling could normalize VTA DA dysfunction following ELS thereby providing novel therapeutic targets for prevention of later life psychopathology.
Sub‐ and Supramolecular X‐Ray Characterization of Engineered Tissues from Equine Tendon, Bovine Dermis, and Fish Skin Type‐I Collagen
Authors: Terzi Alberta , Gallo Nunzia , Bettini Simona , Sibillano Teresa , Altamura Davide , Madaghiele Marta , De Caro Liberato , Valli Ludovico , Salvatore Luca , Sannino Alessandro , Giannini Cinzia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCollagen represents one of the most widely used biomaterial for scaffolds fabrication in tissue engineering as it represents the mechanical support of natural tissues. It also provides physical scaffolding for cells and it influences their attachment, growth, and tissue regeneration. Among all fibrillary collagens, type I is considered one of the gold standard for scaffolds fabrication, thanks to its high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and hemostatic properties. It can be extracted by chemical and enzymatic protocols from several collagen‐rich tissues, such as tendon and skin, of different animal species. Both the extraction processes and the manufacturing protocols for scaffolds fabrication provide structural and mechanical changes that can be tuned in order to deeply impact the properties of the final biomaterial. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of X‐rays to study structural changes of type I collagen from fresh collagen‐rich tissues (bovine, equine, fish) to the final scaffolds, with the aim to screen across available collagen sources and scaffolds fabrication protocols to be used in tissue regeneration.