bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Versatile Induction of Efficient Organic‐Based Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence via Al‐DMSO Matrices Encapsulation
Authors: Fang Wang‐Jian , Zhang Jian‐Jun , Zhao He , Ni Jun , Liu Shu‐Qin , Liu Zhen , Ni Ai‐Yun , Zhang Pei‐Pei , Wei Hong‐Hong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIt is still difficult to design efficient organic‐based room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Here a facile strategy is reported to tailor efficient RTP by encapsulating trace amount of aromatic‐acid‐based phosphors within crystalline solvento matrices [Al(DMSO)6]X3 (X− = Cl− or Br−, DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide, (CH3)2SO) in situ. The resultant single crystal complexes feature bright long‐lasting afterglows with maximum RTP peaks ranging from 430 to 580 nm and the best lifetime up to 1.9 s, as well as the highest yellow RTP quantum yield of 58.3%. The enhanced intersystem crossing and the suppression of nonradiation decay derived from the tight matrices are responsible for the appreciable RTP. White‐light emission is further realized in both prompt state and delayed state. In this case, data encryption and decryption applications are successfully performed by using these complexes. The design and construction strategy embodied here render this approach promising for the exploitation of versatile RTP species for specific applications.
A Review of Interprofessional Variation in Education: Challenges and Considerations in the Growth of Advanced Practice Providers in Emergency Medicine
Authors: Chekijian Sharon A. , Elia Tala R. , Horton Jamie L. , Baccari Brian M. , Temin Elizabeth S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe employment and utilization of advanced practice providers (APPs) in the emergency department has been steadily increasing. Physicians, physician assistants (PAs), and nurse practitioners (NPs) have vastly different requirements for admission to graduate programs, clinical exposure, and postgraduate training. It is important that as supervisory physicians, patients, hospital administrators, and lawmakers, we understand the differences to best create a collaborative, supportive, and educational framework within which PAs/NPs can work effectively as part of a care team. This paper reviews the trends, considerations, and challenges of an evolving clinician workforce in the specialty of emergency medicine (EM). Subsequently, the following parameters of APP training are examined and discussed: the divergence in physician, PA, and NP education and training; requirements of PA and NP degree programs; variation in clinical contact hours; degree‐specific licensing and postgraduate EM certification; opportunities for specialty training; and the evolution and availability of residency programs for APPs. The descriptive review is followed by a discussion of contemporary and timely issues that impact EM and considerations brought forth by the expansion of APPs in EM such as the current drive to independent practice and the push for reimbursement parity. We review current position statements from pertinent professional organizations regarding PA and NP capabilities, responsibilities, and physician oversight as well as billing implications, care outcomes and medicolegal implications.
Seed source regions drive fitness differences in invasive macrophytes
Authors: Gillard Morgane B. , Drenovsky Rebecca E. , Thiébaut Gabrielle , Tarayre Michèle , Futrell Caryn J. , Grewell Brenda J. 
Published: May 2020

PremiseWorldwide, ecosystems are threatened by global changes, including biological invasions. Invasive species arriving in novel environments experience new climatic conditions that can affect their successful establishment. Determining the response of functional traits and fitness components of invasive populations from contrasting environments can provide a useful framework to assess species responses to climate change and the variability of these responses among source populations. Much research on macrophytes has focused on establishment from clonal fragments; however, colonization from sexual propagules has rarely been studied. Our objective was to compare trait responses of plants generated from sexual propagules sourced from three climatic regions but grown under common environmental conditions, usingL. peploidessubsp.montevidensisas a model taxon.MethodsWe grew seedlings to reproductive stage in experimental mesocosms under a mediterranean California (MCA) climate from seeds collected in oceanic France (OFR), mediterranean France (MFR), and MCA.ResultsSeed source region was a major factor influencing differences among invasive plants recruiting from sexual propagules ofL. peploidessubsp.montevidensis. Trait responses of young individual recruits from MCA and OFR, sourced from geographically distant and climatically distinct source regions, were the most different. The MCA individuals accumulated more biomass, flowered earlier, and had higher leaf N concentrations than the OFR plants. Those from MFR had intermediate profiles.ConclusionsBy showing that the closer a seedling is from its parental climate, the better it performs, this study provides new insights to the understanding of colonization of invasive plant species and informs its management under novel and changing environmental conditions.
Phenotype and growth in Sotos syndrome patient from DR Congo (Central Africa)
Authors: Mubungu Gerrye , Lukute Guy , Makay Prince , Songo Cathy , Lukusa Prosper , Devriendt Koenraad , Lumaka Aimé 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSotos syndrome is a widely studied overgrowth syndrome. Clinical presentation includes excessive growth during childhood, macrocephaly, learning difficulties of various degrees, variable minor features, and distinctive facial gestalt. We provide in this report the first phenotypic and growth description of Sotos syndrome in a patient from Central Africa. At 6 month the patient exhibited axial hypotonia, delayed speech development and dysmorphism including long face, sparse eyebrows, hypertelorism, malar hypoplasia and dark flushing, short philtrum, depressed nasal root, anteverted nares, thick upper and lower lip vermilions, macroglossia, prominent forehead, large and peculiar ears, wide intermammillary distance, deep palmar creases, dysplastic finger nails, partial syndactyly of toes, broad, and overlapping hallux. At 19 months, malar flushing became reddish and a retraction of the middle of the lower lip was observed, resembling a bifid lip. He retained the same clinical features at 31 months. Head circumference, weight, and height where within normal ranges at birth but became all above 97th centiles at 4 months. The height velocity evolved in three phases starting with a very fast growth from birth to 6 months (54 cm/year), then a fast phase from 6 to 16 months (18 cm/year) and a slow phase from 16 to 31 months (4.8 cm/year). Conversely, the patient exhibited an acceleration of weight after the first year of life. Our patient exhibited very prominent lips and deep philtrum, which are common facial traits in African individuals. The current report shows an admixture of ethnic‐specific features with syndrome‐specific features in an African patient.
Lung ultrasound in a COVID pandemic – Choosing wisely
Authors: Baker Kylie , Rippey James 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis is an opinion piece on the role of POCUS in COVID‐19, with a focus on lung ultrasound. It is not an instructional essay. Crisis management in medicine has often been likened to crisis management in the aviation industry. The important difference between pilots and clinicians is that the clinician's life was not in imminent danger, should one fail. The clinician did not have the same emotional urgency as the pilot. The COVID‐19 pandemic has changed this, and clinicians are now faced with the need to make urgent decisions whilst exposed to some personal risk. Whether to embrace POCUS and lung ultrasound during this pandemic is an important decision. Whilst there are clear advantages, poorly considered overzealous uptake is not without hazard, opportunity cost and potential risk to patient and clinician.
Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Computational Studies of beta‐Substituted Porphyrin Dyads
Authors: Kesavan Praseetha E. , Pandey Vijayalakshmi , Ishida Masatoshi , Furuta Hiroyuki , Mori Shigeki , Gupta Iti 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBeta‐pyrrole‐substituted porphyrin dyads connected by ethynyl linkage to N‐butylcarbazole or triphenylamine donors are reported. Donor‐π‐acceptor type beta‐substituted porphyrin dyads and their Zn(II) and Pd(II) complexes were characterized by MALDI‐MS, NMR, UV‐vis absorption, fluorescence and cyclic voltammetry techniques. The S1 emission dynamics were analyzed by time‐resolved spectroscopy (TCSPC); dyads exhibited efficient energy transfer up to 93% from beta‐donors (N‐butylcarbazole or triphenylamine group) to the porphyrin core. The efficiency of energy transfer for the beta‐substituted porphyrin dyads were much higher than those of the corresponding meso‐substituted porphyrin dyads, reflecting enhanced communications between the beta‐donors and the porphyrin core. The Pd(II) dyads, showed characteristic phosphorescence in the near IR region and very efficient singlet oxygen quantum yields (53–60%); these dyads are promising candidates for photocatalytic oxidations of organic compounds. The donor‐acceptor interaction between the porphyrin core and the beta‐donors was supported by the DFT studies in the porphyrin dyads.
Thinking with Excerpts: John Locke (1632–1704) and his Notebooks
Authors: Yeo Richard 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn his “Méthode nouvelle,” an anonymous article in theBibliothèque universelleof 1686, John Locke described his way of collecting excerpts in notebooks and retrieving relevant entries. The well‐known practice of entering textual passages in commonplace books sits uneasily with Locke's criticism of received opinion and authority. Is it possible that he used any of these notes to think with? I suggest that the conditions for this were provided by Locke's interactions with some of his notes, including those which recorded observations, testimonies and experiments. As well as labelling excerpts and other notes with topical Titles, Locke sometimes added precise bibliographical citations, transferred material across notebooks, interpolated his own signed reflections and queries, and (eventually) dated entries.
Von der Philosophie‐ zur Sozial‐ & Wirtschaftsgeschichte. Zwei Varianten des Exzerpierens beim jungen Marx
Authors: Rüdiger Axel , Bluhm Harald 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article investigates forms of excerpting and their variations as used by Marx. It compares two convolutes of excerpts from the early period of Marx’ work. The first form of excerpting is represented by the “Hefte zur epikureischen Philosophie” (1839/40), which Marx originally created for his dissertation. These booklets aim to reconstruct the history of post‐Aristotelian classical philosophy, with Epicurus at its centre, from fragments and testimonies of third authors, which themselves are often excerpts from excerpts. A second variant is represented by the so‐called Gülich‐excerpts (1846/47), an extensive source collection of economic history. These excerpts later served as a comprehensive and easily accessible basis for the Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy that Marx was already planning at that time. Both variants of excerpts are analysed with regard to the source‐critical method and the acquisition of knowledge in the situation of the new formation of philosophical, social and economic history. This allows for the in‐depth examination of the self‐reflexive practice of excerpting and to shed light on the constitutive tension between copying, critical selection, commentary and autonomous text production.
Synthesis and application of benzoxazole derivative‐based fluorescent probes for naked eye recognition
Authors: Song Yan , Zhou Linyuan , Wang Jinjin , Wang Fangfei , Yang Qingbiao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA fluorescent probe to detect biothiols (GSH/Hcy/Cys) was synthesized with benzothiazole as the fluorophore and nitromethane as the recognition group. The recognition mechanism of the fluorescent probe was deduced. It was found that a nitroalkene in the molecule was used as the recognition site for this probe and reacted with the mercapto group of the biothiols by electrophilic addition, significantly enhancing the fluorescent signal. Experimental results showed that the fluorescent probe had a low detection limit, good selectivity, strong anti‐interference ability, and good naked eye recognition. The probe could detect biothiols (GSH/Hcy/Cys) in 20% organic solvent, with detection limits of 0.33 μM, 0.70 μM, and 0.87 μM, respectively. The probe will be applied further in biosensors and other fields.
Effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy in patients with “less treatment‐resistant” depression by the Maudsley Staging Model
Authors: Ma Yarong , Rosenheck Robert , Ye Biyu , Fan Ni , He Hongbo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for patients with mood disorders and is most often used for treatment‐resistant cases. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of ECT in a real‐world treatment sample in a Chinese psychiatric hospital which included both treatment‐resistant and nontreatment‐resistant patients.MethodsAn observational study of symptom outcomes from admission to the time of discharge was conducted with 37 inpatients diagnosed with unipolar or bipolar depression treated with ECT. Symptom severity was assessed with the 17‐item Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression (HRSD‐17) and treatment‐resistance with the Maudsley Staging Model (MSM). Stratifying at the MSM median admission characteristics and symptom change was compared between patients who were treatment‐resistant (n = 18) and who were not (n = 19). The outcome difference between groups was compared using analyses of covariance adjusted for baseline characteristics including symptom severity, followed by linear regression to identify factors associated symptom improvement in the entire sample.ResultsThe sample (n = 37) showed moderate treatment‐resistance (MSM = 7.30 ± 1.13) at admission and both groups received 8.3 ± 2 ECT sessions. The treatment‐resistant group had a smaller proportion of bipolar patients and more severe symptoms, but showed no significant difference from the nontreatment‐resistant group in HDRS‐17 scores at the time of discharge (adjusted means = 6.23 ± 1.00 vs. 5.94 ± 0.97, Partial η2 = 0.001, p = .845). Baseline symptom severity was the strongest correlate of reduction in HDRS‐17 scores (β = 0.891, p < .001).ConclusionsSymptom change with ECT in depression did not differ by level of treatment‐resistance but was greatest among those with more severe baseline symptoms. Correlates of ECT effectiveness should be further evaluated in stratified randomized trials.
Profiling the Lipophilic Fractions of Pithecellobium dulce Bark and Leaves Using GC/MS and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities
Authors: Saeed Kotb Sara , Ayoub Iriny M. , El‐Moghazy Safaa A. , Singab Abdel Nasser B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPithecellobium dulce has been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments owing to its restorative properties. The biological activities and chemical profiles of the lipophilic fraction of P. dulce bark and leaves were assessed herein. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and unsaponifiable matter (USM) were prepared and analyzed by GC/MS. A total of 40 compounds were identified in the bark saponifiable fraction, whereas 9 compounds were annotated in the leaves. Palmitic acid methyl ester was the major compound identified accounting for 41.48 % of the bark and 19.03 % of the leaves composition. Besides, linolenic acid methyl ester (22.40 %) and linoleic acid (12.69 %) were annotated in the leaves saponifiable fraction. A total of 63 compounds were detected in the bark USM and 4 compounds were identified in the leaves. Phytol represented the major component in the leaves (52.57 %) followed by lupeol (20.68 %) and lupenone (8.60 %). Meanwhile, n‐dodecane dominated in the bark USM accounting for 24.69 % of the total composition. The leaves and bark lipophilic fractions revealed moderate antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Both extracts showed no antifungal activity. No cytotoxicity was observed for both lipophilic fractions. P. dulce offers a good source of antioxidant compounds that can be introduced to food and pharmaceutical industry.
Substrate‐Controlled Cyclopropanation Reactions of Glycals with Aryl Diazoacetates
Authors: Guo Yujing , Pei Chao , Koenigs Rene M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCyclopropanation reactions of d‐glucal and d‐galactal derivatives with aryldiazoacetates can be conducted in a substrate‐controlled, stereoselective fashion using simple Rh(II) catalysts, which is further supported by DFT studies. Following this methodology, sugar‐derived, donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes can be accessed that allow stereoselective O‐glycosylation reactions.
Recent Developments in Heterogeneous Catalytic Routes for the Sustainable Production of Succinic Acid from Biomass Resources
Authors: Verma Minal , Mandyal Parteek , Singh Dilbag , Gupta Neeraj 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSuccinic acid is a “hot molecule” identified by United States Department of Energy as a substitute for petrochemicals with great scope for its production from biomass. It is used as an intermediate for the production of a huge variety of everyday consumer products with an addressable market share of billions of dollars. Succinic acid and its derivatives are mainly used as pharmaceuticals, adhesives, solvents, intermediates for polymer synthesis, and food additives. Succinic acid is commercially produced from petrochemicals and there is a deficiency of economically viable catalytic processes for its large‐scale production from biomass. Recently, a lot of biochemical routes have been devised to enhance its production from biomass resources, but such processes are time‐consuming and involve tedious separation procedures. Therefore, this Review focuses on metal‐based and metal‐free heterogeneous catalytic routes for the synthesis of succinic acid from biomass derived products. The presence of uniform channels, cavities, active sites of various strengths, and the unique surface structure of the heterogeneous catalysts are a few of the interesting features that promote their use in industrial processes.
Shootin‐1 is required for nervous system development in zebrafish
Authors: Emerson Sarah E. , Stergas Helaina R. , Bupp‐Chickering Simon O. , Ebert Alicia M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSemaphorin6A (Sema6A) and its PlexinA2 (PlxnA2) receptor canonically function as repulsive axon guidance cues. To understand downstream signaling mechanisms, we performed a microarray screen and identified the “clutch molecule” shootin‐1 (shtn‐1) as a transcriptionally repressed target. Shtn‐1 is a key proponent of cell migration and neuronal polarization and must be regulated during nervous system development. The mechanisms of Shtn‐1 regulation and the phenotypic consequences of loss of repression are poorly understood.ResultsWe demonstrate shtn‐1 overexpression results in impaired migration of the optic vesicles, lack of retinal pigmented epithelium, and pathfinding errors of retinotectal projections. We also observed patterning defects in the peripheral nervous system. Importantly, these phenotypes were rescued by overexpressing PlxnA2.ConclusionsWe demonstrate a functional role for repression of shtn‐1 by PlxnA2 in development of the eyes and peripheral nervous system in zebrafish. These results demonstrate that careful regulation of shtn‐1 is critical for development of the nervous system.
Longitudinal relations of self‐criticism with disordered eating behaviors and nonsuicidal self‐injury
Authors: Zelkowitz Rachel L. , Cole David A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveSelf‐criticism has been proposed as a transdiagnostic predictor of disordered eating and nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI). First, this study explored cross‐sectional associations of multiple disordered eating behaviors, NSSI, and self‐criticism. Second, it tested longitudinal relations of self‐criticism with disordered eating and NSSI, adjusting for baseline levels of both behaviors.MethodsIn Sub‐study 1, undergraduates (N = 251, 79.5% female, Mage = 19.1 years) completed self‐report measures of disordered eating, NSSI, and self‐criticism at baseline and after 8 weeks. In Sub‐study 2, community‐based young adults with histories of disordered eating, NSSI, or both (N = 517, 88.8% female, Mage = 24.7 years) completed measures of disordered eating, NSSI, and self‐criticism at baseline and after 4 weeks. All measures were completed online.ResultsIn Sub‐study 1, both disordered eating and NSSI showed significant cross‐sectional associations with self‐criticism, and self‐criticism was significantly related to binge eating, fasting, and NSSI at follow‐up. In Sub‐study 2, both behaviors again showed significant cross‐sectional associations with self‐criticism. Self‐criticism showed significant longitudinal relations with fasting, purging, and excessive exercise. Longitudinal relations of self‐criticism with NSSI varied across disordered eating behaviors.DiscussionNSSI showed cross‐sectional associations with a range of disordered eating behaviors. Self‐criticism reflects a common correlate of both disordered eating and NSSI. Evidence supported transdiagnostic longitudinal impact of self‐criticism across multiple forms of disordered eating but provided more limited support for impacts on NSSI.
Support for a two‐dimensional model of food craving using self‐report questionnaire and cue‐reactivity methodologies
Authors: Ahlich Erica , Verzijl Christina L. , Simon Julia A. , Schlauch Robert C. , Rancourt Diana 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveEvidence supports the transdiagnostic importance of food cravings across the spectrum of disordered eating behaviors. The ambivalence model of craving (AMC), originally applied to substance use craving, highlights the need to consider not just the motivational state of “approach,” but also that of “avoidance.” The aims of this project were to (a) extend the existing literature by providing additional psychometric support for the food approach and avoidance questionnaire (FAAQ), (b) extend research supporting the validity of applying the AMC to disordered eating by incorporating a cue‐reactivity paradigm, and (c) examine the unique contributions of the FAAQ and in‐the‐moment cue‐elicited craving to the prediction of disordered eating.MethodParticipants (N = 223; 52.0% female, age M = 20.51 years) were recruited from a large southeastern university. Participants completed a food cue‐reactivity paradigm and measures of food craving and disordered eating in a lab setting.ResultsThe factor structure and construct validity of the FAAQ was supported and both general states of food craving (i.e., FAAQ) and cue‐elicited food craving were incrementally associated with the spectrum of disordered eating behaviors. As anticipated, both FAAQ and in‐the‐moment cue‐elicited approach were primarily associated with overeating behaviors, whereas FAAQ and cue‐elicited avoidance were primarily associated with restrictive eating behaviors.DiscussionFindings highlight the importance of including an avoidance dimension of food craving and have important implications for disordered eating prevention and intervention work.