bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile synthesis of a castor oil‐based hyperbranched acrylate oligomer and its application in UV‐curable coatings
Authors: Wei Daidong , Huang Xiaomei , Zeng Juanjuan , Deng Shuling , Xu Jinghui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFabrication and performance of the castor oil (CO)‐based hyperbranched acrylate (C20AA) UV‐curable coatings are highlighted in this work. Herein, C20AA was obtained through a facile reaction of a castor oil‐based hyperbranched polyol (C20) with acrylic acid. FT‐IR and 1H NMR spectra confirmed the synthesis of the target C20AA. Subsequently, the as‐prepared C20AA was employed for crosslinking a commercialized linear polyurethane acrylate (PUA) UV‐curable oligomer. Specifically, by varying the content of C20AA over the range of 0, 20, 40, and 60 wt%, a series of UV‐curable coatings were prepared and coded as C20AA‐0, C20AA‐20, C20AA‐40, and C20AA‐60, respectively, which were further cured under UV irradiation. The effect of C20AA loadings on the UV‐curing efficiency and final polymer performance were investigated. Consequently, the tensile strength, Shore D hardness, pencil hardness, gel content, water resistance, and glass‐transition temperature of the UV‐cured coatings were greatly improved upon the addition of C20AA. Impressively, with the incorporation of 40 wt% C20AA, the resultant UV‐cured coating exhibited highest double bond conversion, superior chemical resistance, and good flexibility. Additionally, all of the coatings showed outstanding transparency and good surface microstructures.
Tandem Three‐Component Synthesis of syn‐1,2‐ and syn‐1,3‐Diol Derivatives
Authors: Murata Keisuke , Takeshita Hiroya , Sakamoto Keita , Fuwa Haruhiko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe development of efficient methods for stereocontrolled synthesis of polyol derivatives has been of continuing interest for the synthetic community. We describe herein tandem olefin cross‐metathesis/hemiacetalization/intramolecular oxa‐Michael addition of allylic/homoallylic alcohols, α,β‐unsaturated ketones, and aldehydes, which enabled the synthesis of syn‐1,2‐ and syn‐1,3‐diol derivatives in a step‐economical manner. A series of differentially protected polyol derivatives could be obtained in subsequent transformations via chemoselective/regioselective cleavage of the acetal moiety of the tandem reaction products.
Selective Detection and Visualization of Exogenous/endogenous Hypochlorous Acid in Living Cells using a BODIPY‐based Red‐emitting Fluorescent Probe
Authors: Wang Xianhui , Tao Yuanfang , Zhang Jian , Chen Miao , Wang Nannan , Ji Xin , Zhao Weili 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHerein, a red‐emitting fluorescent probe DM‐BDP‐OCl containing a para‐DMTC benzyl pyridinium moiety at the meso position of BODIPY as self‐immolative portion for the detection of HOCl was designed and synthesized. DM‐BDP‐OCl exhibited excellent specificity and a fast response for HOCl beyond other ROS/RNS. It was used for the accurately measurable detection of HOCl with a linear range from 0 μM to 50 μM, and the detection limit for HOCl reached 60 nM. Moreover, the probe could directly monitor fluctuations of exogenous and endogenous HOCl in living HeLa and RAW 264.7 cells. This work provided a powerful and convenient imaging tool for probing pathological and physiological actions of HOCl.
Ag‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylative Ring Expansion of Isatins and Isatin Ketimines with Trifluorodiazoethane
Authors: Jamali Muhammad Fahad , Gupta Ekta , Kumar Anuj , Kant Ruchir , Mohanan Kishor 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA general method for the construction of trifluoromethylated 2‐quinolinones has been established herein by using a trifluoromethylative ring expansion of isatin with trifluorodiazoethane. The strategy provides a platform for the rapid synthesis of a wide range of substituted 3‐hydroxy‐4‐trifluoromethyl‐2‐quinolinones. This operationally simple and robust Ag‐catalyzed protocol successfully transforms isatin ketimines to 3‐amino‐4‐trifluoromethylquinolinones in excellent yields. The utility of this novel method is further illustrated by the conversion of the products into various synthetically and medicinally relevant molecules.
Nanoarchitectonics from Atom to Life
Authors: Ariga Katsuhiko , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFunctional materials with rational organization cannot be directly created only by nanotechnology‐related top‐down approaches. For this purpose, a novel research paradigm next to nanotechnology has to be established to create functional materials on the basis of deep nanotechnology knowledge. This task can be assigned to an emerging concept, nanoarchitectonics. In the nanoarchitectonics approaches, functional materials are architected through combination of atom/molecular manipulation, organic chemical synthesis, self‐assembly and related spontaneous processes, field‐applied assembly, micro/nano fabrications, and bio‐related processes. In this short review article, nanoarchitectonics‐related approaches on materials fabrications and functions are exemplified from atom‐scale to living creature level. Based on their features, unsolved problems for future developments of the nanoarchitectonics concept are finally discussed.
Stopped‐flow chemiluminescence determination of the anticancer drug capecitabine: Application in pharmaceutical analysis and drug‐delivery systems
Authors: Niazi Saei Jalal , Mokhtari Ali , Karimian Hossein 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCapecitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of patients with metastatic cancers. This study aimed at determining the drug capecitabine in a simple chemiluminescence (CL) system of acidic potassium permanganate using the stopped‐flow injection technique. Statistical methods were used to detect optimum conditions. The method showed two linear calibration ranges from 6.7 × 10−6 to 6.7 × 10−5 mol L−1 and from 6.7 × 10−5 to 2.7 × 10−3 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 1.5 × 10−6 mol L−1. Chitosan‐modified magnetic nanoparticles were studied in the drug‐delivery experiments. According to the pH sensitivity of chitosan and low pH values in tumour cells, the chitosan‐coated magnetic nanoparticles could provide a good targeting drug‐delivery system to tumour sites. To evaluate the applicability of the method, the capecitabine‐loaded magnetic chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized with two different cross‐linkers; loading and releasing rates of the drug were investigated using the proposed CL method and an ultraviolet–visible light spectrophotometric method (absorption at 305 nm). The results showed a good correlation between the two methods, and it was found that the synthesized chitosan‐modified magnetic nanoparticles could be used for pH‐dependent release of capecitabine in cancer cells. Moreover, determination of capecitabine in tablets and synthetic samples was performed.
Zerfurchte Flügel und zähe Luft
Authors: Eder Heinrich 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungFliegende Kleinstorganismen mussten Flugorgane entwickeln, die an die physikalischen Gesetze der Luft im jeweiligen Größenregime optimal angepasst sind. Wirbel – ob stationäre oder dynamische – spielen dabei eine entscheidende Rolle. Die Wirbelbildung wird bei Mikrolebewesen durch morphologische Feinstrukturen (Adern, Furchen, Poren) unterstützt.
Identification of the plasma total cfDNA level before and after chemotherapy as an indicator of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in locally advanced breast cancer
Authors: Ma Ge , Wang Jingyi , Huang Huaxing , Han Xu , Xu Jin , Veeramootoo Jordee Selvamanee , Xia Tiansong , Wang Shui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the circulating free DNA (cfDNA) level in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) having different neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) responses and to investigate whether dynamic changes in cfDNA level could predict the effectiveness of NCT in patients with LABC. Data on 61 patients with LABC were included. NCT responses were evaluated using the response evaluation criteria. Blood samples were collected for cfDNA detection before treatment and after the first and eighth courses of chemotherapy. The Alu 111‐bp and 260‐bp fragment levels were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction, and the predictive value of the cfDNA level in the NCT response was determined. In vitro, the MCF‐7 and MCF‐7/ADR cell lines were applied to simulate the phenomenon of drug resistance and explain the underlying mechanism. The Alu 111‐bp level increased after the first NCT course (P = .014) and then remained high after NCT in the high‐R group (P = .047), but it remained steady in the low‐R group during NCT. A similar tendency in the Alu 260‐bp level was revealed in different groups. The ∆∆Ct value of Alu 260‐bp had good diagnostic efficiency in assessing predictive ability. The area under the curve for the ∆∆Ct1 and ∆∆Ct2 of Alu 260‐bp was 0.697 and 0.647, respectively. The cfDNA level was closely related to epirubicin‐induced apoptosis and changes in the Ki‐67 index in vitro. The elevation of cfDNA after one chemotherapy cycle was mediated by the apoptosis of tumor cells and related to the improved chemotherapy response.
2′/3′ Regioselectivity of Enzyme‐Free Copying of RNA Detected by NMR
Authors: Motsch Sebastian , Pfeffer Daniel , Richert Clemens 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe RNA‐templated extension of oligoribonucleotides by nucleotides produces either a 3′,5′ or a 2′,5′‐phosphodiester. Nature controls the regioselectivity during RNA chain growth with polymerases, but enzyme‐free versions of genetic copying have modest specificity. Thus far, enzymatic degradation of products, combined with chromatography or electrophoresis, has been the preferred mode of detecting 2′,5′‐diesters produced in enzyme‐free reactions. This approach hinges on the substrate specificity of nucleases, and is not suitable for in situ monitoring. Here we report how 1H NMR spectroscopy can be used to detect the extension of self‐templating RNA hairpins and that this reveals the regioisomeric nature of the newly formed phosphodiesters. We studied several modes of activating nucleotides, including imidazolides, a pyridinium phosphate, an active ester, and in situ activation with carbodiimide and organocatalyst. Conversion into the desired extension product ranged from 20 to 90 %, depending on the leaving group. Integration of the resonances of H1′ protons of riboses and H5 protons of pyrimidines gave regioselectivities ranging from 40:60 to 85:15 (3′,5′ to 2′,5′ diester), but no simple correlation between 3′,5′ selectivity and yield. Our results show how monitoring with a high‐resolution technique sheds a new light on a process that may have played an important role during the emergence of life.
Palatal myoclonus secondary to neurosarcoidosis
Authors: Dharaiya Devanshi , Memon Anza B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPalatal myoclonus can be primary or secondary. In primary palatal myoclonus, no obvious structural brain lesions can be found within the triangle of Guillain and Mollaret. Common causes of secondary myoclonus include stroke, demyelination, infections, trauma, and neurodegeneration.
Response Surface Optimization of Hydrogen‐Rich Syngas Production by Greenhouse Gases Reforming
Authors: Mageed Alyaa K. , Ayodele Bamidele Victor , Mustapa Siti Indati 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe effect of process interaction and response surface optimization of hydrogen‐rich syngas production by catalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) reforming of methane (CH4) was evaluated. The Box‐Behnken design was applied to investigate the influence of CH4 partial pressure, CO2 partial pressure, and temperature on the hydrogen yield. The analysis of variance indicated that temperature and CH4 partial pressure had the most significant impact on the hydrogen yield. Under optimum conditions a maximum hydrogen yield of 71.38 % was achieved. Model validation with the ideal conditions confirmed close agreement of the predicted hydrogen yields with experimental values.
High‐Performance Bimetallic Catalysts for Low‐Temperature Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane
Authors: Aziz Muhammad Arif Ab , Setiabudi Herma Dina , Teh Lee Peng , Asmadi Mohd , Matmin Juan , Wongsakulphasatch Suwimol 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCatalytic dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a promising way for renewable syngas production due to the utilization of both CO2 and CH4 greenhouse gases. Current approaches were made to improve the catalytic activity and coke resistance by introducing a second metal into the Ni‐based catalytic system. This bimetallic catalytic system showed a significant improvement in coke resistance due to the synergistic effect of both metals towards the reaction. This review summarizes recent developments in bimetallic catalysts in DRM which focused on the evaluation of catalysts, deactivation studies, and reaction mechanisms of developed bimetallic catalysts.
Enhancing the Catalytic Kinetics of Electrodes by using a Multidimensional Carbon Network for Applications in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Zhang Lei , Ma Qiang , Hu Jun‐Ping , Liu Jun , Deng Qi , Ning Pan , Zhou Congshan , Wu Xiongwei , Wu Yuping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractComposite graphite felt (GF) electrodes modified by using a carbon network are fabricated for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The electrodes are derived through the in situ polymerization of p‐phenylenediamine and phytic acid on GF fibers, followed by high‐temperature calcinations performed in an inert atmosphere. The composite electrodes exhibited higher electrocatalytic activities for the VO2+/VO2+ and V2+/V3+ redox species compared with the original GF electrode. The peak potential was reduced by 357 mV, which could be attributed to the increased number of active sites and diffusion pathways; the energy efficiency of the composite electrode increased by 6 % (current density: 200 mA cm−2). Based on the above‐mentioned structural design, a battery containing the composite electrodes exhibited excellent cycling stability without any obvious efficiency decay after 1000 cycles, indicating its applicability for large‐scale VRFBs.
TiO2 Nanorods Co‐decorated with Metal‐Free Carbon Materials for Boosted Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Kong Weiqian , Zhang Xiaofan , Chang Binbin , Guo Yanzhen , Li Yipeng , Zhang Shouren , Yang Baocheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe key challenge for solar water oxidation is to develop photoanodes with high charge transfer and separation efficiency as well as rapid surface reaction kinetics. Herein, the double metal‐free carbon materials, including carbon dots (CDs) and ultra‐thin carbon nitride (UCN), were coupled with TiO2 nanorods (CDs/UCN/TiO2) to enhance photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity. Attributed to the integrated effect of UCN and CDs, the designed ternary CDs/UCN/TiO2 photoanode exhibits a photocurrent density of 1.43 mA cm−2, which is 3.0‐fold higher than that of the bare TiO2 nanorods. In detail, the UCN can efficiently accelerate the charge separation and restrict the electron/hole recombination, owing to the close contact heterojunction. Meanwhile, the CDs can significantly facilitate H2O2 decomposition, as demonstrated by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), as they induce rapid reaction kinetics. Importantly, such constructed photoanodes modified with double metal‐free carbon materials provide great potential for future progress in PEC water splitting through a simple decoration strategy with metal‐free carbon materials.
An Isolable Bis(Silanone–Borane) Adduct
Authors: Luecke Marcel‐Philip , Pens Elron , Yao Shenglai , Driess Matthias 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe reaction of bis(silylenyl)‐substituted ferrocene 1 with two molar equivalents of BPh3 yields the corresponding bis(silylene–borane) Lewis adduct 2. The latter is capable to activate CO2 to furnish the borane‐stabilized bis(silanone) 3 through mono‐oxygenation of the dative SiII→B silicon centers under release of CO. Removal of BPh3 from 3 with PMe3 affords the corresponding 1,3,2,4‐cyclodisiloxane and the Me3P−BPh3 adduct. All isolated new compounds were characterized and their molecular structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses.
Genome‐wide analysis of ethylene‐insensitive3 (EIN3/EIL) in Triticum aestivum
Authors: Yi‐Qin He , Wen‐di Huang , Lei Yang , Yi‐Ting Li , Chen Lu , Yong‐Xing Zhu , Dong‐Fang Ma , Jun‐Liang Yin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEthylene‐insensitive proteins (EIN3/EIL) are a class of nuclear localization proteins with DNA‐binding activity. EIL is an important gene family in plants, and plays key roles in the ethylene signaling pathway which regulates a broad spectrum of plant growth and development, as well as defenses to various biological and abiotic stresses. Although genome‐wide analyses of EIL gene family has been carried out for several plant species, no comprehensive analysis of this family in Triticum aestivum L. has been reported so far. Furthermore, there are few scattered studies on the functions of EIL genes in wheat. It is necessary to comprehensively identify and analyze the EIL gene family in wheat. In this study, BLASTp were used to identify EIL genes in the lately released reference genome of T. aestivum. The 21 TaEIL genes were sought, which can be divided into three groups (a, b, and c) according to phylogenetic relationship. The nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution rates (Ka/Ks) value showed that three homologous pairs (TaEILb.4/TaEILb.6, TaEILa.8/TaEILa.7, and TaEILa.8/TaEILa.9) experienced strongly purifying selection. The remaining 16 homologous pairs underwent positive selection with an evolutionary acceleration. Analysis of gene structure and motif, protein features, and three‐dimensional structure showed that TaEILs were similar with EILs in other species such as Arabidopsis, rice, and maize. Homology analyses of EIL in T. aestivum and its progenitors showed that EIL gene discarded some redundant genes during the domestication evolution of T. aestivum and retained some useful genes. Gene expression patterns analyses and transient agro‐infiltration assays showed that group b and group c members of TaEIL were involved in the resistance to pathogen. Our study provides a new perspective for studying feature functions of TaEILs, and will help in revealing the regulatory network of wheat development and stress response, thus contributing to the improvement of molecular breeding of wheat quality traits.
Improved Photoreduction of CO2 with Water by Tuning the Valence Band of Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Wang Lu‐jie , Wang Rui‐lei , Zhang Xiao , Mu Jing‐lin , Zhou Zi‐yan , Su Zhong‐min 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPorous covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as an emerging material, have the characteristics of high stability, large series of components, easy synthesis, modification, and adjustable amplitude. They have the potential to become good catalysts. Bromine, as a halogen, has attracted intensive interest for the modification of photocatalysts for photocatalytic reactions. It is feasible to enhance the activity and selectivity of the material by facile functionalization of the reticular parent structure′s electron‐withdrawing groups. In addition, the conjugation effect of bromine, further delocalizing the electrons of the COF, is beneficial to the progress of many photocatalytic reactions. Reports on the modification of COFs by bromine functional groups to improve the catalytic performance have not been found so far. Here, TAPP [5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)porphyrin] and 2,5‐dibromo‐1,4‐benzenedialdehyde instead of terephthalaldehyde were chosen to synthesize a porphyrin‐based COF (TAPBB‐COF) by the solvothermal method. As expected, the valence band (VB) of TAPBB‐COF is thus adjusted to a more suitable position. Additionally, the CO production when using TAPBB‐COF under full‐wavelength light for 12 h was 295.2 μmol g−1, which was three times that of COF‐366, and the new material has good recycling stability and selectivity (95.6 %). Theoretical calculations indicate that the nitrogen of the porphyrin ring and the Schiff base, and the bromine in TAPBB‐COF contribute greatly to the activation of H2O and the conversion of CO2 in the photoreaction.
Assessment of enhanced influenza vaccination finds that FluAd conveys an advantage in mice and older adults
Authors: Kavian Niloufar , Hachim Asmaa , Li Athena PY , Cohen Carolyn A , Chin Alex WH , Poon Leo LM , Fang Vicky J , Leung Nancy HL , Cowling Benjamin J , Valkenburg Sophie A 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesEnhanced inactivated influenza vaccines (eIIV) aim to increase immunogenicity and protection compared with the widely used standard IIV (S‐IIV).MethodsWe tested four vaccines in parallel, FluZone high dose, FluBlok and FluAd versus S‐IIV in a randomised controlled trial of older adults and in a mouse infection model to assess immunogenicity, protection from lethal challenge and mechanisms of action.ResultsIn older adults, FluAd vaccination stimulated a superior antibody profile, including H3‐HA antibodies that were elevated for up to 1 year after vaccination, higher avidity H3HA IgG and larger HA stem IgG responses. In a mouse model, FluAd also elicited an earlier and larger induction of HA stem antibodies with increased germinal centre responses and upregulation and long‐term expression of B‐cell switch transcription factors. Long‐term cross‐reactive memory responses were sustained by FluAd following lethal heterosubtypic influenza challenge, with reduced lung damage and viral loads, coinciding with increased T‐ and B‐cell recall. Advantages were also noted for the high‐dose FluZone vaccine in both humans and mice.ConclusionThe early, broadly reactive and long‐lived antibody response of FluAd indicates a potential advantage of this vaccine, particularly in years when there is a mismatch between the vaccine strain and the circulating strain of influenza viruses.
Application of Single‐use Electrode Based on Nano‐clay and MWCNT for Simultaneous Determination of Acetaminophen, Ascorbic Acid and Acetylsalicylic Acid in Pharmaceutical Dosage
Authors: Eskiköy Bayraktepe Dilek , Yazan Zehra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, a highly sensitive, selective and cost‐effective electrochemical nano‐sensor has been developed for the first time so as to facilitate the simultaneous and low‐level detection of acetaminophen (paracetamol, PAR), ascorbic acid (A) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) ternary mixture. The sensor is based on nano‐sepiolite clay (SEP) with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) onto electrochemically pretreated pencil graphite electrode (pPGE). The surface properties of the sensor were examined by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The pH effect, composition of modifiers, immobilization time, deposition potential and deposition time values were optimized to reach the best response of PAR, A and ASA. Moreover, in optimum analytical conditions, adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammmetric (AdsDPV) method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of the ternary mixtures concerned by using SEP/MWCNTs/pPGE sensor. This sensor exhibited the low detection limits of 0.018, 0.042 and 0.047 μM for PAR, A and ASA ternary mixture, respectively. The developed AdsDPV method was applied for quantitative determination of PAR, A and ASA in the pharmaceutical formulation. The recovery experiments were carried out to control the accuracy and precision of the method. The obtained voltammetric recoveries were comparable with the HPLC data given in the literature.