bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trophic sources and linkages to support mesozooplankton community in the Kuroshio of the East China Sea
Authors: Karu Fukutaro , Kobari Toru , Honma Taiga , Kanayama Takeru , Suzuki Koji , Yoshie Naoki , Kume Gen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany migratory fishes reproduce and recruit around the Kuroshio, and their survival of early life stages is supported by mesozooplankton. Mesozooplankton standing stocks and productivity equivalent to those on the continental shelf have been found in the Kuroshio; however, there is limited information on trophic sources and linkages to support the mesozooplankton community. Here, we evaluate mesozooplankton feeding on protists and their trophodynamics importance by removal bottle experiments in the Kuroshio of the East China (ECS‐Kuroshio). Pico‐ and nano‐autotrophs dominated chlorophyll a concentrations throughout the study sites across the continental shelf, within the Kuroshio path and in adjacent waters. Calanoid and poecilostomatoid copepods comprised more than 85% of mesozooplankton biomass. Significant mesozooplankton ingestion rates were found for nano‐autotrophs based on size‐fractionated chlorophyll; for haptophytes, chrysophytes, chlorophytes, and diatoms from pigment‐based phytoplankton analysis; and for naked ciliates in the microzooplankton. Based on the estimates of individual carbon budgets, nano‐autotrophs and naked ciliates ingested by mesozooplankton composed 39% of their food requirements, suggesting other available prey like nano‐heterotrophs. These results imply that mesozooplankton ingestion in the ECS‐Kuroshio has great impacts on protozoan and phytoplankton communities and their major trophic pathways are from nano‐sized auto‐ and heterotrophs and ciliates to copepods.
Kingdon's multiple streams approach in new political contexts: Consolidation, configuration, and new findings
Authors: Shephard Daniel D. , Ellersiek Anne , Meuer Johannes , Rupietta Christian , Mayne Ruth , Cairney Paul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is a need to conduct more diverse cross‐case analyses in the Multiple Streams Approach (MSA) literature which originated in the United States, to show how key concepts, such as a windows‐of‐opportunity and the role of policy entrepreneurs, manifest in different political contexts. We apply Qualitative Comparative Analysis for a cross‐case analysis of a unique dataset representing 20 countries from four continents. This approach allows us to highlight distinct pathways to influencing policies. We identify four configurations for expanding civic spaces and two configurations for changing policies. We identify three findings novel to MSA: there are two distinctive policy entrepreneur roles involving local and international civil society actors; effective entrepreneurship is conditional on strengthening civic voice and creating civic space conducive to advocacy; and, therefore, effective entrepreneurs often must focus on expanding the civic space to discuss policy problems and the technical and political feasibility of policy solutions.
Beyond sleep duration: Sleep timing as a risk factor for childhood obesity
Authors: Skjåkødegård Hanna F. , Danielsen Yngvild S. , Frisk Bente , Hystad Sigurd W. , Roelants Mathieu , Pallesen Ståle , Conlon Rachel P. K. , Wilfley Denise E. , Juliusson Petur B. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundAmple evidence attests to the relationship between short sleep duration, sleep problems and childhood obesity. However, few studies have examined the association between sleep timing and obesity in children.ObjectivesTo investigate how sleep duration, problems and timing relate to obesity and obesogenic behaviours in children.MethodsEighty‐five children (58.8% girls) with severe obesity and mean (SD) age of 12.1 (2.9) years, were matched by age and sex with peers with normal weight (n = 85,12.0 [2.8] years). Sleep and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured via accelerometer for seven consecutive days. Children self‐reported emotional eating on the Dutch eating behavior questionnaire. Parents reported children's screen time and sleep problems.ResultsChildren with severe obesity had significantly later mean mid‐sleep time, overall (36 minutes later, P < .001), on school nights (36 minutes later, P < .001) and weekend nights (39 minutes later, P = .002) compared to children with normal weight. Children with obesity had more sleep problems (P = .030), but no differences emerged in sleep duration or social jetlag. After adjusting for demographic factors, mid‐sleep time was positively related to screen time (P = .030). Mid‐sleep time and sleep duration were inversely related to time in MVPA (Ps ≤ .041). There were no other significant associations between the sleep variables and the obesogenic behaviours.ConclusionsLater sleep timing was related to obesogenic behaviours in children and may represent an obesity risk factor.
Statistical Network Analysis: A Review with Applications to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Loyal Joshua Daniel , Chen Yuguo 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAs the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak evolves, statistical network analysis is playing an essential role in informing policy decisions. Therefore, researchers who are new to such studies need to understand the techniques available to them. As a field, statistical network analysis aims to develop methods that account for the complex dependencies found in network data. Over the last few decades, the area has rapidly accumulated methods, including techniques for network modelling and simulating the spread of infectious disease. This article reviews these network modelling techniques and their applications to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
A novel circRNA, circNUP98, a potential biomarker, acted as an oncogene via the miR‐567/ PRDX3 axis in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Yu Rui , Yao Jie , Ren Yu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn recent years, plenty of studies found that circular RNAs (circRNAs) were essential players in the initiation and progression of various cancers including the renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the knowledge about the circRNAs in carcinogenesis is still limited. Dysregulated expression of circNUP98 in RCC tissues was identified by the circular RNA microarray. RT‐PCR was performed to measure the expression of circNUP98 in 78 pairs of RCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Survival analysis was conducted to explore the association between the expression of circNUP98 and the prognosis of RCC. The function and underlying mechanisms of circSMC3 in RCC cells were investigated by RNAi, CCK‐8, Western blotting, bioinformatic analysis, ChIP assay, circRIP assay and dual luciferase reporter assay. CircNUP98 was up‐regulated in both RCC tissues and cell lines, and high expression of circNUP98 was correlated with poor prognosis of RCC patients. Silencing of circSMC3 inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis in a caspase‐dependent manner in RCC cells. Mechanistically, we revealed that silencing of circ NUP98 inhibited RCC progression by down‐regulating of PRDX3 via up‐regulation of miR‐567. Furthermore, STAT3 was identified as an inducer of circ NUP98 in RCC cells. CircNUP98 acts as an oncogene by a novel STAT3/circ NUP98/miR‐567/PRDX3 axis, which may provide a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of RCC.
Association of IFN‐γ polymorphisms with ankylosing spondylitis risk
Authors: Liu Yanhui , Zhang Guohui , Guan Yulong , Zhao Xiaoliang , Wang Quan , Li Hua , Qi Jinhong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe case‐control study was designed to investigate the genetic effects of interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) rs2069727 and rs1861494 polymorphisms on ankylosing spondylitis (AS) susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. Blood samples were collected from 108 AS patients and 110 healthy controls. IFN‐γ polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP). Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) test was performed in control group. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using chi‐square test to evaluate the association between AS susceptibility and IFN‐γ polymorphisms, and the results were adjusted by logistic regressive analysis. The frequency of rs2069727 CC genotype was much higher in cases than that in controls, suggested its significant association with increased AS risk (adjusted OR = 5.899, 95% CI = 1.563‐22.261; P = .009). In addition, C allele also showed close association with increased risk of AS (adjusted OR = 2.052, 95% CI = 1.286‐1.704, P  = 0 .003). While the genotype and allele frequencies of IFN‐γ rs1861494 polymorphism were not significantly different between patients and controls (P  > 0.05 for all), IFN‐γ rs2069727 polymorphism is significantly associated with increased AS risk in a Chinese Han Population.
Use of the single‐item Patient Global Impression‐Severity scale as a self‐reported assessment of insomnia severity
Authors: Snyder Ellen S. , Tao Peining , Svetnik Vladimir , Lines Christopher , Herring W. Joseph 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe evaluated a single‐item Patient Global Impression‐Severity (PGI‐S) scale for assessing insomnia severity during the clinical development programme for suvorexant. The analyses used data from two randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, 3‐month, Phase III clinical trials of suvorexant in patients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV criteria insomnia. Patients assessed insomnia severity during the previous week using the PGI‐S, a one‐item questionnaire containing six response options ranging from 0 (none) to 5 (very severe), at baseline and at Week 2, and Months 1, 2, and 3 after randomisation. The seven‐item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and other subjective and objective assessments were also completed by patients. PGI‐S responses were compared primarily with the ISI using descriptive statistics and correlations. The PGI‐S demonstrated favourable measurement characteristics (validity, reliability, responsiveness and sensitivity). PGI‐S scores decreased from baseline to Month 3 in a similar pattern to the ISI total score, and the Spearman correlation coefficient between PGI‐S and the ISI was .73. An improvement of ≥2 points on the PGI‐S defined a treatment responder, based on comparison to the ISI definition of a responder (improvement of ≥6 points). Our present findings suggest that the PGI‐S is a simple but valid, reliable, responsive, sensitive, and meaningful patient‐reported assessment of insomnia severity. The PGI‐S may be particularly useful as a companion outcome to sleep monitoring using wearable sleep devices or smartphones in at‐home settings.
Growth and development with dual labor markets
Authors: Villamil Anne , Wang Xiaobing , Zou Yuxiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper develops a formal growth model in an open economy environment that captures dual labour market characteristics. The mechanism involves economic growth driven by capital accumulation in a country with a Lewisian labour market leading to increasing labour participation at a near constant wage. The model shows that surplus labour plays a critical role in explaining different economic growth paths and structural changes in both developing and developed countries.
Unique Issues for Resettling Refugees from the Congo Wars
Authors: Mahoney Dillon , Baer Roberta D. , Wani Oline , Anthony Eka , Behrman Carolyn 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn recent years, many anthropologists in the United States have become involved with organizations that serve newly resettled refugees, especially as budgets for the agencies have been severely cut since 2017. Here, we reflect on some of our experiences working with Refugees from the Congo Wars (RFCWs) and address some of the challenges we have faced as applied/practicing anthropologists and resettlement support personnel. Juxtaposing a larger southern city—Tampa—with a smaller rustbelt city—Akron—we see many commonalities but also a few differences that likely relate to host city size and existing diversity profiles. Drawing on almost 3 years of research, we offer some shared observations and comparative divergences among populations of RFCWs that shed light on issues of: timing of arrival in the United States, community and class, schooling, gender and family, and food and diet, for people working with this population.
The ontology of words: Realism, nominalism, and eliminativism
Authors: Miller J. T. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhat are words? What makes two token words tokens of the same word‐type? Are words abstract entities, or are they (merely) collections of tokens? The ontology of words tries to provide answers to these, and related questions. This article provides an overview of some of the most prominent views proposed in the literature, with a particular focus on the debate between type‐realist, nominalist, and eliminativist ontologies of words.
Spinoza on the Limits of Explanation
Authors: Hübner Karolina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCommentators standardly ascribe to Spinoza a belief in an exceptionless conceptual closure of mental and physical realms: no intention can allow us to understand a bodily movement, no bodily injury can make intelligible a sensation of pain. This counterintuitive doctrine, most often now referred to as Spinoza's 'attribute barrier', has weighty repercussions for his views on intelligibility, nature of the mind, identity, and causality. I argue against the standard reading of the doctrine, by showing that it produces an inconsistent epistemological picture, contradicting Spinoza's theory of mind and his commitment to universal intelligibility. The alternative account I propose is also philosophically more compelling and plausible as an account of thought in its essential intentionality.
Trade and income in the long run: Are there really gains, and are they widely shared?
Authors: Cerdeiro Diego A. , Komaromi Andras 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the cross‐section of countries, there is a strong positive correlation between trade and income, and a negative relationship between trade and inequality. Does this reflect a causal relationship? We revisit the Frankel and Romer (1999) identification strategy, and exploit countries’ exogenous geographic characteristics to estimate the causal effect of trade on income and inequality. Our cross‐country estimates for trade’s impact on real income are consistently positive and significant over time. In addition, we do not find any statistical evidence that more trade increases aggregate measures of income inequality in the long run. A decile‐level decomposition reveals that the positive effect of trade on income decreases monotonically along the income distribution, suggesting that trade integration should be an integral part of long‐run development agendas under any reasonable social welfare function. Addressing previous concerns in the literature, we carefully analyze the validity of our geography‐based instrument, and confirm that the IV estimates for the impact of trade are not driven by other direct or indirect effects of geography through non‐trade channels.
Question worth 20 million lives: Why federal housing assistance has not had its Obamacare
Authors: Bendaoud Maroine , Marmor Theodore R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe equitable character of a policy determines its progressiveness, yet some domestic policies are more equitable than others. The question of how and why this is the case is addressed by studying federal housing and health policies in the United States, a critical case known for its rampant inequalities in both sectors. Although social equity is a fundamental aspect of welfare provision, explaining differences in coverage and government support among policy areas remains a weakness in the literature. This comparative historical analysis shows that both housing assistance and health care suffered from inequities almost as early as their inception. But a progressive reform took shape with the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and extended coverage to 20 million people formerly uninsured. This essay tackles an unsolved puzzle: Why has such grand policy reform never taken place in housing where more than 20 million people are eligible for assistance but do not receive help? We found that it is largely explained by housing assistance distinctiveness with regard to its weak constituency, racial connotation and low public concern. We conclude with the analytical payoffs of studying social equity, both for political scientists and observers of social affairs.
QUANTUM MECHANICS, TIME, AND THEOLOGY: INDEFINITE CAUSAL ORDER AND A NEW APPROACH TO SALVATION
Authors: Qureshi‐Hurst Emily , Pearson Anna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQuantum mechanics has recently indicated that, at the fundamental level, temporal order is not fixed. This phenomenon, termed Indefinite Causal Order, is yet to receive metaphysical or theological engagement. We examine Indefinite Causal Order, particularly as it emerges in a 2018 photonic experiment. In this experiment, two operations A and B were shown to be in a superposition with regard to their causal order. Essentially, time, intuitively understood as fixed, flowing, and fundamental, becomes fuzzy. We argue that if Indefinite Causal Order is true, this is good evidence in favor of a B‐theory of time, though such a B‐theory requires modification. We then turn to theology, suggesting that a B‐theoretic temporal ontology invites serious reconsideration of the doctrine of salvation. This paper concludes that the best explanation for salvation given a B‐theory is mind‐dependent salvific becoming, a type of psychological soteriological change that occurs through downward causation.
<p><strong>Two new eriophyoid mite species (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyoidae) associated with plum trees in Hamedan </strong></p>
Authors: Khanjani Mohammad , Jafari Soheila , Ueckermann Edward Albert 
Published: July 2020

In the plum orchards, in the vicinity of Hamedan, we found different phytophagous insects and mites with eriphyiods the main group. To date, no eriophyiods were reported from this region. In this study two new species were collected and identified namely: Diptacus hamedanicus sp. nov.and Tetra prunura sp. nov. from Prunus domestica (L.) (Rosaceae) in Hamedan province. Both species are vagrants and not harmful to their host
The Immediate Effects of Ankle Joint Mobilization on Ankle Musculotendinous Stiffness in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Cain M. Spencer , Song Kyeongtak , Blackburn J. Troy , Migel Kimmery , Wikstrom Erik A. 
Published: July 2020

Ankle joint mobilization has been shown to be effective at improving outcomes in those with chronic ankle instability (CAI), but the neuromuscular mechanisms are still unknown. We aimed to determine the immediate effect of a single Grade III anterior-to-posterior ankle joint mobilization bout on ankle musculotendinous stiffness (MTS) in those with CAI. Seventeen CAI participants had plantar flexor and fibularis MTS assessed before and after a 5-min joint mobilization treatment. MTS outcomes were estimated using the damped oscillation method. Fibularis (0.25 ± 0.41 N/m/kg, p = .028) but not plantar flexor MTS (−2.18 ± 14.35 N/m/kg, p = .539) changed following mobilization and exceeded the calculated minimal detectable change score (0.12 N/m/kg). Increased fibularis MTS may represent a neuromuscular mechanism by which ankle joint mobilizations improve postural control in those with CAI.
miR-196b-5p-enriched extracellular vesicles from tubular epithelial cells mediated aldosterone-induced renal fibrosis in mice with diabetes
Authors: Hu Renzhi , Li Xuan , Peng Chuan , Gao Ruifei , Ma Linqiang , Hu Jinbo , Luo Ting , Qing Hua , Wang Yue , Ge Qian , Wang Zhihong , Wu Chaodong , Xiao Xiaoqiu , Yang Jun , Young Morag J , Li Qifu , Yang Shumin 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionAldosterone is a mediator of progressive renal disease, but the mechanisms for aldosterone-mediated renal impairment in mice with diabetes are not fully defined.MethodsAldosterone and/or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone were used to treat the db/db mice with diabetes. Proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) and fibroblasts were cultured. Blood and kidney samples from patients with diabetes with or without diabetic kidney disease (DKD) were used to verify the findings from animals and cultured cells.ResultsWe found that aldosterone promoted proteinuria and tubulointerstitial extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in db/db mice with diabetes while eplerenone mitigated the adverse effect of aldosterone. However, coculture of PTECs and fibroblasts found that when PTECs-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) were taken up by fibroblasts, ECM production increased remarkably. Moreover, C57BL/6 mice injected with EVs from renal cortex of aldosterone-treated db/db mice showed increased ECM accumulation. Function of the ingredients of PTECs-derived EVs were analyzed, and RNAs were identified to be responsible for the EVs-induced fibroblast dysfunction. Furthermore, microRNA (miRNA) array analysis revealed that miR-196b-5p was the most remarkably increased miRNA in PTECs-derived EVs with aldosterone stimulation. Overexpression of miR-196b-5p in fibroblasts increased ECM production, accompanied by inhibition of the SOCS2 expression and enhanced STAT3 phosphorylation. In addition, plasma levels of miR-196b-5p was higher in patients with DKD as compared with patients without DKD and miR-196b-5p levels positively correlated with the albuminuria concentration. In kidney specimens from patients with diabetes, expression of miR-196b-5p, located mainly in PTECs, increased in patients with DKD as compared with the non-DKD.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the involvement of miR-196b-5p-EVs pathway as a novel mechanism in aldosterone-induced renal fibrosis in diabetes. EVs rich in miR-196b-5p mediate the crosstalk between PTECs and fibroblast during the development of renal fibrosis, which might be associated with STAT3/SOCO2 signaling pathway.
Data from a large Western centre exploring the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on endoscopy services and cancer diagnosis
Authors: Longcroft-Wheaton Gaius , Tolfree Natalie , Gangi Anmol , Beable Richard , Bhandari Pradeep 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThe global COVID-19 pandemic has changed healthcare across the world. Efforts have concentrated on managing this crisis, with impact on cancer care unclear. We investigated the impact on endoscopy services and gastrointestinal (GI) cancer diagnosis in the UK.DesignAnalysis of endoscopy procedures and cancer diagnosis at a UK Major General Hospital. Procedure rates and diagnosis of GI malignancy were examined over 8-week periods in spring, summer and autumn 2019 before the start of the crisis and were compared with rates since onset of national lockdown and restrictions on elective endoscopy. The number of CT scans performed and malignancies diagnosed in the two corresponding periods in 2019 and 2020 were also evaluated.Results2 698 2516 and 3074 endoscopic procedures were performed in 2019, diagnosing 64, 73 and 78 cancers, respectively, the majority being in patients with alarm symptoms and fecal immunochemical test+ve bowel cancer screening population. Following initiation of new guidelines for management of endoscopy services 245 procedures were performed in a 6 week duration, diagnosing 18 cancers. This equates to potentially delayed diagnosis of 37 cancers per million population per month. Clinician triage improved, resulting in 13.6 procedures performed to diagnose one cancer.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate an 88% reduction in procedures during the first 6 weeks of COVID-19 crisis, resulting in 66% fewer GI cancer diagnoses. Triage changes reduced the number of procedures required to diagnose cancer. Our data can help healthcare planning to manage the extra workload on endoscopy departments during the recovery period from COVID-19.