bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STRATEGIC RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND THE GROWTH OF MICROFINANCE SECTOR IN KENYA
Authors: Njuguna Dr. James Rurigi , Gakure Prof. Roselyn , Waititu Dr. Anthony Gichuhi , Katuse Dr. Paul 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish how strategic risk management strategies contribute to growth of MFI sector in KenyaMethodology: The study adopted a correlation survey research design. The population of this study was fifty seven (57) MFIs. The sampling frame was the list of MFIs provided in the AMFI website www.amfikenya.com. A sample of thirteen (17) MFIs was selected using the random sampling approach. A questionnaire and an interview schedule were the main data collection tools. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis whereas the quantitative data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) where descriptive and regression analysis were conducted to determine the relationship between enterprise risk management strategies and growth of MFIs.Findings: The findings indicated that there were several strategic management measures that had been put in place by MFI to promote growth. These included the existence of a board with the skills and ability to lead the MFI strategically. In addition, the board members roles extended beyond governance and into management of the MFI and the board had policies stipulating term limits and rotation for its members. Results further indicated that the board had adequate independent directors who agreed on the MFIs mission and strategic direction. The results revealed that the MFI had guidelines for preventing conflicts of interest among board members and the MFI guidelines prohibited related-party (insider) lending, required full disclosure of all conflicts of interest, and required arm’s length business transactions. Findings further indicated that the MFI’s organizational structure ensured staff accountability and enhanced MFI’s efficiency and productivity. Overall, regression results indicated that there was a positive relationship between strategic risk management strategies and MFI growth.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Following the study results, it was recommended that the MFIs need to enhance effectiveness of strategic risk management practices such as adherence to best practices on corporate governance. In addition, the MFIs need to enhance the skills of the board members as doing so would improve the level of strategic risk management practice. The study recommended that those MFIs that had not implemented the guidelines for preventing conflicts of interest among board members are advised to do so as this may have an impact on the level of growth. It is recommended that MFIs need to put in place guidelines prohibiting related party (insider trading) and also require full disclosure of all conflicts of interest as doing so would improve the growth of the MFI. Furthermore, MFIs need to increase the number of independent directors in their boards as doing so would improve the growth of the MFIs.
EFFECT OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS ON MICRO-PENSION UPTAKE AMONG INFORMAL EMPLOYEES OF KENYA PORTS AUTHORITY
Authors: Agravat Deepali Rajendra , Kaplelach Mr. Samson 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of demographic characteristics on micro-pension uptake among informal employees of Kenya Ports Authority.Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The target population comprised of the informal employees of Kenya Ports Authority. There are 2500 informal employees at Kenya Ports Authority. A sample size of 96 informal employees was selected through simple random sampling. The study used primary data which was collected through questionnaires which comprised of both open ended and close ended questions. Quantitative data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, mean, frequency distribution and standard deviation were computed to describe the characteristics of the variables of interest whilst with inferential statistics, correlation and multiple regression analysis was used to establish the nature and magnitude of the relationships between the variables. All the analysis was done using SPSS statistical package version 20. Content analysis was also used for qualitative data. The results of data analysis were presented using figures and tables for easy understanding and interpretation.Findings: The study findings indicated that financial literacy; income level and socio demographic characteristics influence the micro pension uptake. The study found that despite the above average literacy level among Kenyans; effort should be done to increase their participation in the management of their pension schemes. Based on findings it was possible to conclude that there was a positive and significant relationship between level of income and micro-pension schemes, similarly higher income level is strongly related to higher willingness. The findings also indicate that social demographic is a key factor in explaining micro-pension schemes.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: With a majority of the informal sector getting most of their information on pension through the media, the study recommends that there is need to strengthen and repackage the information being aired to the masses on the importance of pension savings. These packages should be designed in a way that they can yield to eventual participation. It is recommended that there is a need for young people to begin saving for retirement as early as possible, and that starting early gives the total savings ‘pot’ longer to benefit from interest or investment growth. Further, it recommends that the government should also design a special program of reaching the informal sector workers through seminars and workshops on pension matters. It is recommended that future studies should be carried out to find the factors leading to a low uptake of the Micro-Pension schemes in the informal sector and what needs to be done to improve the uptake.
ENHANCING SECURITY CONTROL IN SUSTAINING THE GAINS MADE IN ADDRESSING KCPE AND KCSE EXAMINATION IRREGULARITIES IN KENYA
Authors: Barus Jane J. , Marigat Samuel K. , Njathi Samuel N. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to enhance security control in sustaining the gains made in addressing KCPE and KCSE examination irregularities in KenyaMethodology: To address the problem of examination irregularities, a situational analysis was conducted so as to identify the possible causes of the problem and measures to take in order to mitigate the challenge of cheating. Results: Positive changes have been observed in the education sector in Kenya since the new cabinet secretary instituted measures to curb cheating in national examination and synergy has been felt within the state. The Ministry of Education, ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government and the Ministry of Information, Communications and Technology should continue collaborating to ensure that the gains already made are improved and sustained.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Examination is both security and also a reputation concern of any nation. School and national examination should always be credible. Gains already made must be safeguarded. To this end every stakeholder has a role to play. Security control system should be continuity monitored and improved.
Escuelas especiales de Chile: ¿Responsables del desarrollo de la condición física-funcional para la inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad intelectual?
Authors: Farias Valenzuela Claudio Italo Ariel , De Moraes Ferrari Gerson Luis , Espoz Lazo Sebastian Ignacio , Jofré Saldía Emilio Eduardo , Ferrero Hernández Paloma Andrea , Valdivia Moral Pedro Ángel 
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Comentar sobre la importancia que tienen las Escuelas Especiales en Chile para desarrollo de la condición física-funcional para la inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad intelectual.Puntos destacables:En el año 2018 entró en vigencia la ley No 21.015 que incentiva a las empresas a la contratación e inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad.No existen programas de ejercicio físico impulsados por las autoridades chilenas, que promuevan el cuidado de la salud y la capacidad físico-funcional de personas con discapacidad intelectual para el mundo laboral.
Mixing states of Amazon basin aerosol particles transported over long distances using transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Adachi Kouji , Oshima Naga , Gong Zhaoheng , de Sá Suzane , Bateman Adam P. , Martin Scot T. , de Brito Joel F. , Artaxo Paulo , Cirino Glauber G. , Sedlacek III Arthur J. , Buseck Peter R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The Amazon basin is important for understanding the
global climate because of its carbon cycle and as a laboratory for
obtaining basic knowledge of the continental background atmosphere. Aerosol
particles play an important role in the climate and weather, and knowledge
of their compositions and mixing states is necessary to understand their
influence on the climate. For this study, we collected aerosol particles
from the Amazon basin during the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5)
campaign (February to March 2014) at the T3 site, which is located about 70 km
from Manaus, and analyzed them using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM
has better spatial resolution than other instruments, which enables us to
analyze the occurrences of components that attach to or are embedded within
other particles. Based on the TEM results of more than 10 000 particles from
several transport events, this study shows the occurrences of individual
particles including compositions, size distributions, number fractions, and
possible sources of materials that mix with other particles. Aerosol
particles during the wet season were from both natural sources such as the
Amazon forest, Saharan desert, Atlantic Ocean, and African biomass burning
and anthropogenic sources such as Manaus and local emissions. These
particles mix together at an individual particle scale. The number fractions
of mineral dust and sea-salt particles increased almost 3-fold when
long-range transport (LRT) from the African continent occurred. Nearly
20 % of mineral dust and primary biological aerosol particles had attached sea
salts on their surfaces. Sulfates were also internally mixed with sea-salt
and mineral dust particles. The TEM element mapping images showed that
several components with sizes of hundreds of nanometers from different
sources commonly occur within individual LRT aerosol particles. We conclude
that many aerosol particles from natural sources change their compositions
by mixing during transport. The compositions and mixing states of these
particles after emission result in changes in their hygroscopic and optical
properties and should be considered when assessing their effects on climate.
Ice sheet and palaeoclimate controls on drainage network evolution: an example from Dogger Bank, North Sea
Authors: Emery Andy R. , Hodgson David M. , Barlow Natasha L. M. , Carrivick Jonathan L. , Cotterill Carol J. , Richardson Janet C. , Ivanovic Ruza F. , Mellett Claire L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Submerged landscapes on continental shelves archive drainage networks formed during periods of sea-level lowstand. The evolution of these postglacial drainage networks also reveals how past climate changes affected the landscape. Ice-marginal and paraglacial drainage networks on
low-relief topography are susceptible to reorganisation of water supply,
forced by ice-marginal rearrangement, precipitation and temperature
variations, and marine inundation. A rare geological archive of
climate-driven landscape evolution during the transition from ice-marginal
(ca. 23 ka) to a fully submerged marine environment (ca. 8 ka) is preserved at Dogger Bank, in the southern North Sea. In this study, our analysis of high-resolution seismic reflection and cone
penetration test data reveal a channel network over a 1330 km2 area
that incised glacial and proglacial lake-fill sediments. The channel network sits below coastal and shallow marine sediments and is therefore
interpreted to represent a terrestrial drainage network. When mapped out,
the channel form morphology reveals two distinct sets. The first set
comprises two low-sinuosity, wide (>400 m) channels that contain
macroforms of braid and side bars. These channels are interpreted to have originated as proglacial rivers, which drained the ice-sheet margin to the
north. The second set of channels (75–200 m wide, with one larger,
∼400 m wide) has higher sinuosity and forms a subdendritic network of tributaries to the proglacial channels. The timing of channel formation lacks chronostratigraphic control. However,
the proglacial rivers must have formed as the ice sheet was still on Dogger
Bank, before 23 ka, to supply meltwater to the rivers. Ice-sheet retreat from Dogger Bank led to reorganisation of meltwater drainage and abandonment of the proglacial rivers. Palaeoclimate simulations show a cold and dry period at Dogger Bank between 23 and 17 ka. After 17 ka, precipitation increased, and drainage of precipitation formed the second set of channels. The second set of rivers remained active until marine transgression of Dogger Bank at ca. 8.5–8 ka. Overall, this study provides a detailed insight into the evolution of river networks across Dogger Bank and highlights the interplay between external (climate) and internal (local) forcings in drainage network evolution.
Discurso Digital, Tecnologias Discursivas e Cenografia nas Fake News sobre a Covid-19
Authors: Melo Lafayette   Batista , Baronas Roberto   Leiser 
Published: October 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar características e relações entre discursos na Web que disseminam e combatem Fake News sobre a Covid-19, com embasamento teórico-metodológico na Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, considerando o papel da linguagem e das interfaces da Web Social. Foram coletadas e analisadas três Fake News e foram avaliadas as análises, considerando os traços do discurso digital nativo e a cenografia digital. Conclui-se que os traços de investigabilidade e imprevisibilidade são mais presentes nos discursos e que, mesmo com o combate às Fake News, há ainda várias estratégias para sua disseminação.
Educar en tiempos de selfies: hacia el antiselfie
Authors: Madariaga-López Itsaso , Cilleruelo Lourdes 
Published: October 2020

En tiempos de selfies, ¿qué pueden aportar las miradas y prácticas fotográficas a la pedagogía en la formación del profesorado? Para dar respuesta a esta pregunta, se ha diseñado una investigación teórico-práctica que transita por una simultaneidad de roles -fotógrafa, docente o incluso, discente- ofreciendo, conscientemente, una visión fluida, sin jerarquizar. Diferentes tránsitos focalizados hacia la definición y acotación del concepto selfie, así como al análisis de sus implicaciones socioculturales y, por ende, educativas. Ese fluir se materializa en diversas aproximaciones metodológicas en las que se deambula entre el ámbito artístico y educativo, y en las que se involucran agentes muy diversos, generando un entramado metodológico plural que intenta, si no en profundidad, entender mejor dicho fenómeno.
A partir de dichas aproximaciones, se buscan estrategias educativas que propicien procesos de reflexión y pensamiento crítico. Bajo el epígrafe hacia el antiselfie, se pretende identificar recursos didácticos asentados en el presente que permitan alfabetizar y concienciar a las nuevas generaciones en torno a las imágenes que consumen y producen y, con las que se relacionan a través de las redes sociales. Como conclusión principal, se puede afirmar que el selfie ofrece al futuro profesorado una herramienta clave experimental para el paso de mero consumidor a consciente prosumidor. Se espera que en un futuro próximo las diferentes aproximaciones aquí expuestas, ayuden a integrar el fenómeno selfie como recurso didáctico en la formación de profesorado.
Animal welfare science, varieties of value and philosophical methodology
Authors: Bruckner DW 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere are competing conceptions of animal welfare in the scientific literature. Debate among proponents of these various conceptions continues. This paper examines methodologies for use in attempting to justify a conception of animal welfare. It is argued that philosophical methodology relying on conceptual analysis has a central role to play in this debate. To begin, the traditional division between facts and values is refined by distinguishing different types of values, or norms. Once this distinction is made, it is argued that the common recognition that any conception of animal welfare is inherently normative is correct, but that it is not ethical normativity that is at issue. The sort of philosophical methodology appropriate to use in investigating the competing normative conceptions of animal welfare is explained. Finally, the threads of the paper are brought together to consider the appropriate role of recent empirical work into folk conceptions of animal welfare in determining the proper conception of animal welfare. It is argued that empirical results about folk conceptions are useful inputs into conceptual philosophical investigation into the competing conceptions of animal welfare. Further mutual inquiry by philosophers and animal welfare scientists is needed to advance our knowledge of what animal welfare is.
Numerical Assessment of FPSO Platform Behaviour in Ship Collision
Authors: Ozguc Ozgur 
Published: October 2020

Offshore platforms may potentially collide with vessels of various types, including visiting ships such as supply ships and passing ships. The most critical and relevant conditions, including the analysis and design approaches are introduced. Different ship types having different displacements and structural designs exert different vessel impact loads on impacted structures. This paper presents the findings of collision impact analyses of the side shell panel, bow and stern structures of Floating Production Storage Offloading (FPSO) platforms in case of impact, e.g. by a supply vessel or methanol tanker. As collision impact simulations continue to be conducted conservatively, the colliding positions of the striking vessel are presumed to be bow and stern only, with side force. In order to assess hull strength in collision events, non-linear FE simulations were performed by means of the MSC / DYTRAN tool, as these collision events result in more complex reactions. The degree of hull damage suffered by an FPSO vessel in different collision scenarios and at varying impact energy levels was determined in accordance with the NORSOK N-004 standard guidelines. Post-collision analyses were conducted to establish the structural integrity of the damaged hull after being exposed to environmental conditions for one year. The reduction of hull girder strength associated with the worst damage was evaluated and accounted for in the present study, providing no further damage occurs. Furthermore, the acceptance criteria for evaluation and corresponding consequences are calculated and discussed in detail. Finally, the findings from the present paper will help clarify the impact response of offshore structures and evaluation approaches and give valuable guidance for the design and operation of FPSO platforms.
Space Remote Sensing and Detecting Systems of Oceangoing Ships
Authors: Ilcev Dimov Stojce 
Published: October 2020

This paper introduces the implementation of space remote sensing and detecting systems of oceangoing ships as an alternative to the Radio – Automatic Identification System (R-AIS), Satellite – Automatic Identification System (S-AIS), Long Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT), and other current vessel tracking systems. In this paper will be not included a new project known as a Global Ship Tracking (GST) as an autonomous and discrete satellite network designed by the Space Science Centre (SSC) for research and postgraduate studies in Satellite Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) at Durban University of Technology (DUT). The ship detection from satellite remote sensing imagery system is a crucial application for maritime safety and security, which includes among others ship tracking, detecting and traffic surveillance, oil spill detection service, and discharge control, sea pollution monitoring, sea ice monitoring service, and protection against illegal fisheries activities. The establishment of a modern sea surface and ships monitoring system needs enhancement of the Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SSAR) that is here discussed as a modern observation infrastructure integrated with Ships Surveillance and Detecting via SSAR TerraSAR-X Spacecraft, Ships Surveillance and Detecting via SSAR Radarsat Spacecraft and Vessels Detecting System (VDS) via SSAR.
Prediction of Marine Traffic Density Using Different Time Series Model From AIS data of Port Klang and Straits of Malacca
Authors: Ramin Akim , Mustaffa Masnawi , Ahmad Shaharudin 
Published: October 2020

In the study of ocean engineering, marine traffic is referring to the study of the pattern of the density of ships within the particular boundaries at certain periods. The Port Klang and Straits of Malacca are known for one of the heaviest traffics in Malaysia and the world. The study of traffic within this area is important, because it enables ships to avoid traffic congestion that might happen. Thus, this study is mainly aimed at predicting or forecasting the density of the ships using the route through this waterway by using quantitative methods which are time-series models and the associative models from the Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. The moving averages, weight moving average, and exponential smoothing for the time series model and associative model have used multiple regression. The results show an exponential smoothing alpha 0.8 and give the lowest MAPE as 20.701%, thereby making this method to be the best in forecasting the future traffic density among the method categories.
Sea Level Rise Projections for Failaka Island in The State of Kuwait
Authors: Albanai Jasem A 
Published: October 2020

As a result of climate change, many lands are under risk due to the rising sea levels (RSL). Studies show that the mean sea level will likely rise by 0.16 to 0.63 metres before 2050, and 0.2 to 2.5 metres by 2100. Lower-lying islands are more endangered from RSL. One of such islands is Failaka, a small island in Kuwait lying at the entrance of Kuwait Bay, which is located on the north-western side of the Arabian Gulf (Also called the Persian Gulf). Most of Failaka Island is lower than three meters. The Governmental plans are to develop and populate the island. SLR should be considered in such planning. This study focuses particularly on detecting the areas of Failaka Island which are under high threat from the SLR. To detect these areas, spatial analysis of the Digital elevation model (DEM) are used. DEM is estimated for three SLR scenarios (1, 2 and 3 metres). It is expected that 31% of the island will be under sea level height for the SLR of 1 m; 54% for the SLR of 2 metres; and 87% for the SLR of 3 m. Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) is estimated as well. The CVI shows that the eastern coast is the most susceptible with regard to the SLR. The model was validated through using ground elevation points (n = 40), and a positive correlation was found with of 0.8019. Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote sensing (RS) are confirmed to be effective tools for estimating spatial influence of the SLR.