bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of apoptosis by phytochemicals of Ajwa dates extract in human triple-negative breast cancer cells by triggering cell cycle arrest, inhibiting Akt/mTOR signaling and modulating downstream Bcl-2 family of proteins
Authors: Khan Mohsin Ali , Siddiqui Sahabjada , Ahmad Imran , Barbhuyan Tarun Kumar , Srivast Anand Narain , Ahmad Rumana 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background:Ajwa date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) has been described in traditional and alternative medicine to provide several health benefits including anticholesteremic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and anticancer effects, but most remain to be scientifically validated. In the present study, we evaluated the anticancer effects of the ethanolic extract of Ajwa Dates pulp on human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. MethodsAjwa Dates Pulp Extract (ADPE) was phytochemically characterized using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The in vitro cytotoxicity of ADPE at various concentrations viz. 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, 22 and 25 mg/mL were evaluated against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells at 24 and 48 h. The apoptosis effect was examined by Hoechst 33342 and AO/PI-double-stain using fluorescence microscopy. The proportion of apoptotic cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cell cycle phase distribution were estimated using flow cytometry. Apoptosis-related protein expression was determined using western blot analysis. ResultsLC-MS analysis showed that ADPE contained phytocomponents belonging to chemical classes such as carbohydrates, phenolics, flavonoids and terpenoids. Phase contrast microscopy analysis revealed various morphological variations in ADPE treated cells. MTT assay demonstrated statistically significant dose- and time-dependent inhibitions of MDA-MB-231 cells with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 17.45 and 16.67 mg/mL at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Hoechst 33342 dye and DNA fragmentation data showed apoptotic cell death while AO/PI and Annexin V-FITC data revealed cells in late apoptosis at higher doses of ADPE. More importantly, Ajwa date extract prompted ROS induced alterations in MMP in ADPE treated MDA-MB-231 cells. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that ADPE induced cell arrest in S and G2/M checkpoints. In addition, ADPE upregulates p53, Bax and cleaved caspase-3, thereby leading to downregulation of bcl-2 protein and Akt/mTOR pathway. ConclusionsThe results of the present study indicate that ADPE exerts significant anticancer effects on MDA-MB-231 cells via the induction of apoptosis and suppression of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Therefore, ADPE has the potential to be used as an adjunct to the main line of treatment against breast cancer and can be further studied as a potential lead in breast cancer treatment.
Risk Factors of Survival in Elderly Gastric Cancer Patients after Gastrectomy
Authors: Liu Xiao , Xue Zhigang , Yu Jianchun , Ma Zhiqiang , Kang Weiming , Ye Xin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background There are few studies on risk factors of surgical mortality in elderly gastric cancer (GC) patients with curative gastrectomy. This study aimed to investigate the tumor-specific survival (TTS) and associated risk factors in this elderly GC patients and help to enhance perioperative care in high risk GC patients. Methods Elderly GC patients (≥70 years) who underwent gastrectomy between January 2013 and December 2017 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were included. Clinicopathologic characteristics, nutritional assessment (Nutritional risk screening 2002, NRS2002, prognostic nutrition index, PNI), comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity index, CCI)), operation and survival data by regular follow-up were collected. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to extract the best cut-off point. Impact of factors on TSS was assessed using Cox proportional hazards model. Results Univariate analysis determined multiple variables as risk factors of TSS mainly including BMI (Hazard ration [HR]=0.886; 95%CI, 0.824-0.952; p=0.001), CCI ≥3 (HR=2.834; 95%CI, 1.258-3.711; p=0.005), ICU admission (HR=1.733; 95%CI, 1.077-2.788; p=0.024), NRS2002 score ≥5 (HR=2.331; 95%CI, 1.448-3.753; p=0.000), preoperative PNI <45 (HR=2.058; 95%CI, 1.273-3.327; p=0.003). Best cut-off BMI point was 20.65 kg/m 2 by ROC curve. Multivariate analysis showed that BMI ≤20.6 kg/m 2 (HR=2.297; 95%CI, 1.362-3.874; p=0.002), postoperative ICU admission (HR=1.965; 95%CI, 1.171-3.300; p=0.011) and TNM staging (Stage II, HR=5.560, 95%CI, 1.591-19.426, p=0.007; Stage III, HR=16.202, 95%CI, 4.991-52.591, p=0.000) were significantly associated with TSS. Conclusions Preoperative BMI <20.6 kg/m 2 , postoperative ICU admission and TNM stage are strong risk factors of TSS in elderly GC patients after gastrectomy. The need of comprehensive evaluation and nutrition support are urgent, particularly for the elderly GC patients.
Longitudinal functional changes with clinically significant radiographic progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: are we following the right parameters?
Authors: Taha Nada , D'Amato Dejanira , Hosein Karishma , Ranalli Tiziana , Sergiacomi Gianluigi , Zompatori Maurizio , Mura Marco 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background . Progression of the disease in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is difficult to predict, due to its variable and heterogenous course. The relationship between radiographic progression and functional decline in IPF is unclear. We sought to confirm that a simple HRCT fibrosis visual score is a reliable predictor of mortality in IPF, when longitudinally followed; and to ascertain which pulmonary functional variables best reflect clinically significant radiographic progression.Methods : One-hundred-twenty-three consecutive patients with IPF from 2 centers were followed for an average of 3 years. Longitudinal changes of HRCT fibrosis scores, forced vital capacity (FVC), total lung capacity and diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide were considered. HRCTs were scored by 2 chest radiologists. The primary outcome was lung transplant (LTx)-free survival after the follow-up HRCT.Results : During the follow-up period, 43 deaths and 11 LTx occurred. On average, the HRCT fibrosis score increased significantly, and a longitudinal increase >7% predicted LTx-free survival significantly, with good specificity, but limited sensitivity. The correlation between radiographic and functional progression was significant, but only moderate. HRCT progression and FVC decline predicted LTx-free survival independently and significantly, with better sensitivity, but worse specificity for a ≥5% decline of FVC. However, the area under the curve towards LTx-survival were only 0.61 and 0.62, respectively.Conclusions : The HRCT fibrosis visual core is a reliable and responsive tool to detect clinically meaningful disease progression. Although no individual pulmonary function test closely reflects radiographic progression, a longitudinal FVC decline improves sensitivity in the detection of clinically significant disease progression. However, the accuracy of these methods remains limited, and better prognostication models need to be found.
Co-production of two whole-school sexual health interventions for English secondary schools: Positive Choices and Project Respect
Authors: Ponsford Ruth , Meiksin Rebecca , Crichton Joanna , Bragg Sara , Emmerson Lucy , Tancred Tara , Tilouche Nerissa , Morgan Gemma , Gee Pete , Young Honor , Campbell Rona , Bonell Chris 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Improving adolescent sexual health remains a priority in the UK. Whole-school interventions represent promising approaches, but they have not been rigorously tested in the UK context. Involving potential recipients, implementers and other key stakeholders in the development of such complex interventions prior to formal piloting and evaluation is widely recommended. We report on co-production with expert providers, students, school staff and other practice and policy professionals of two new whole-school sexual heath interventions for implementation in English secondary schools.Methods: Qualitative inquiry involving seventy-five students aged 13–15 and 22 school staff. A group of young people trained to advise on public health research were consulted on three occasions. Twenty-three practitioners and policy makers shared their views at a stakeholder event. Detailed written summaries of meetings and events were prepared and key themes identified to inform the design of each intervention. Results: Data confirmed acceptability of addressing unintended teenage pregnancy, sexual health and dating and relationships violence via multi-component whole-school interventions and curriculum delivery by teachers (providing appropriate teacher selection). The need to ensure content reflected the reality of young people’s lives; enable flexibility for the timetabling of lessons and mode of parent communication; provide prescriptive teaching materials for time pressed teachers; and develop robust school engagement strategies were also highlighted and informed intervention refinements. Our research further points to some of the challenges involved in accessing and incorporating stakeholder input where it may conflict with best practice or what is practicable within the constraints of a trial.Conclusions: Multi-component, whole-school approaches to addressing sexual health may be feasible for implementation in English secondary schools. They must be adaptable to individual school settings; limit burden on staff; and accurately reflect the realities of young people’s lives. When co-producing, potential limitations in relation to the representativeness of participants, the ‘depth’ of engagement necessary as well as the burden on participants and how they will be recompensed must be carefully considered. Well-defined, transparent procedures for deciding how stakeholder input will be incorporated from the outset are also essential. Formal feasibility testing of both co-produced interventions in English secondary schools via cluster RCT regarding feasibility is warranted. Trial registration: Project Respect: ISRCTN12524938. Positive Choices: ISRCTN65324176
Reducing miR485-3p ameliorates Alzheimer`s disease pathology by regulation of amyloid beta and neuro-inflammation
Authors: Koh Han Seok , Jang Hannah , Tae SooKil , Lee mi-sun , Min Jae-Woong , Mun Hui jin , Lee Ji na , Lee Hyo Jin , KIM Dae Hoon , Cho Hyun-Jeong , Ryu Jin-Hyeob 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Alzheimer`s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles and neuroinflammation play the important neuro-pathology in patients with AD. miRNA is multifunctional and involved in physiological and pathological processes. Recently, microRNAs have been linked to neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is little known whether miRNA dysregulation contributes to AD pathology progression such as Aβ processing, phagocytosis and neuroinflammation. Here, we identify miR485-3p as a novel modulator of AD pathology in 5XFAD mice. Methods To study the role of miR485-3p in AD, we used in control or miR485-3p antisense oligonucleotides (miR485-3p ASO) injected 5XFAD mouse model. Changes of Aβ processing and clearance and inflammation were analyzed by biochemical method in vitro and in vivo. Result This study suggests that miR485-3p, a novel miRNA targeting SIRT1 may contribute to pathogenesis in an AD mouse. We found SIRT1 is significantly reduced in the precentral gyrus of Alzheimer patient`s and in 5XFAD mice. To determine whether the inhibition of miRNA 485-3p would affect AD pathology, we studied the effect of the antisense oligo in the brain of 5XFAD mice through direct intracerebral ventricular injection with miR485-3p ASO. We demonstrated that miR485-3p ASO significantly reduced Aβ plaque and amyloid biosynthetic enzyme. Importantly, the attenuation of Aβ plaques through miR485-3p ASO was mediated through Aβ phagocytic activity of glial cells, by which it can directly target CD36. MiR485-3p ASO also decreased inflammatory responses. Collectively, these responses inhibited neuronal loss caused by Aβ lead to improvements of cognitive impairment. Conclusion Our data provide evidence for the molecular mechanisms which underlie the miR485-3p ASO responses in an AD mouse model. These results suggest that attenuating miRNA 485-3p levels might represent a novel therapeutic approach in AD.
Sentinel headache as a warning symptom of ischemic stroke
Authors: Lebedeva Elena R , Ushenin Anton V. , Gurary Natalia M. , Gilev Denis V. , Olesen Jes 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: There are no previous controlled studies of sentinel headache in ischemic stroke. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the presence of such headache, its characteristics and possible risk factors as compared to a simultaneous control group. Methods: Eligible patients (n=550) had first-ever acute ischemic stroke with presence of new infarction on magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging (n=469) or on computed tomography (n=81). As a control group we studied in parallel patients (n=192) who were admitted to the emergency room without acute neurological deficits or serious neurological or somatic disorders. Consecutive patients with stroke and a simultaneous control group were extensively interviewed soon after admission using validated neurologist conducted semi-structured interview forms. Results: Among 550 patients with stroke 94 patients (17.1%) had headache during seven days before stroke and 12 (6.2%) of controls (p<0.001; OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.7-5.8). We defined sentinel headache as a new type of headache or a previous kind of headache with altered characteristics (severe intensity, increased frequency, absence of effect of drugs) within seven days before stroke. Totally 81 patients (14.7%) had sentinel headache within the last week before stroke and one control. Attacks of arrythmia during seven days before stroke were significantly associated with sentinel headache (p=0.04, OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.1-4.8). Conclusions: A new type of headache and a previous kind of headache with altered characteristics during one week before stroke are significantly more prevalent than in controls. Such sentinel headache should prompt urgent examination for stroke prevention.
A serious gaming tool: Bow River Sim for communicating integrated water resources management
Authors: Akhtar Mohammad Khaled , de la Chevrotière Carmen , Tanzeeba Shoma , Tang Tom , Grover Patrick 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Serious games provide a way for stakeholders to become engaged in and understand the issues and constraints on a real-world system. An application of a serious game is explored, as a way to improve engagement and learning of participants in a water management planning process. Bow River Sim is a single-player game that helps the user to understand the Water Resources Management Model (WRMM) and to visualize the implications and impacts around system interactions in the basin. The Bow River Sim simulates water management decision-making based on maximizing social, economic, and environmental benefits while managing limited water supply. The game incorporates the principles of ‘meaningful play’ and provides a user-friendly interface, a fun game, and visual elements. The paper aims to (a) provide an overview of Bow River Sim, (b) illustrate how innovations such as serious games enhance learning processes for the user, and (c) illustrate the application of Bow River Sim and key learnings.
Usage of SIMWE model to model urban overland flood: a case study in Oslo
Authors: Li Hong , Gao Hongkai , Zhou Yanlai , Xu Chong-Yu , Ortega M. Rengifo Z. , Sælthun Nils Roar 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
There has been a surge of interest in the field of urban flooding in recent years. However, current stormwater management models are often too complex to apply on a large scale. To fill this gap, we use a physically based and spatially distributed overland flow model, SIMulated Water Erosion (SIMWE). The SIMWE model requires only rainfall intensity, terrain, infiltration, and surface roughness as input. The SIMWE model has great potential for application in real-time flood forecasting. In this study, we use the SIMWE model at two resolutions (20 m and 500 m) for Oslo, and at a high resolution (1 m) at the Grefsen area, which is approximately 1.5 km2 in Oslo. The results show that the SIMWE model can generate water depth maps at both coarse and high resolutions. The spatial resolution has strong impacts on the absolute values of water depth and subsequently on the classification of flood risks. The SIMWE model at a higher spatial resolution produces more overland flow and higher estimation of flood risk with low rainfall input, but larger areas of risk with high rainfall input. The Grefsen case study shows that roads act as floodways, where overland flow accumulates and moves fast.
COVID-19 Enfeksiyonu ve Gebelik Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: ÖZCAN Handan , ELKOCA Ayşe , YALÇIN Önay 
Published: March 2020

Çin’de aralık ayında görülen ve pandemi olarak ilan
edilen COVID-19 enfeksiyonu ile ilgili her geçen gün morbidite ve mortalite
oranları yükselmektedir. Salgın ile beraber gebelik süreciyle ilgili kaygılar da
artmaktadır. COVID-19 pnömonisi geçiren gebeler ile genel popülasyonun klinik belirtileri
benzerdir. Gebelerin solunum patojenlerine ve şiddetli pnömoniye karşı daha
hassas olması ve yapılan çalışmalarda vaka sayılarının azlığı sebebi ile
sürecin daha kontrollü sürdürülmesi gerekmektedir. Dünya sağlık örgütü
tarafından önerilen Enfeksiyonu Önleme ve Kontrol (IPC) basamaklarının gebelerde olduğu gibi
düşük, fetal kayıp, postpartum dönemdeki kadınlar ve bebek bakımını üstlenen
kişiler tarafından da uygulanması gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Yapılan
çalışmalarda yeterli kanıtlar olmamakla beraber hastalığın anneden bebeğe geçişinin
dikey bulaşla olduğu belirtilmiştir. Enfeksiyon veya şüphesi olan gebelerin
doğumdan sonra en az 14 gün boyunca bebeği ile yakın temasının kesilmesi ve
emzirilmemesi önerilmektedir. Doğum şekli için tıbbi bir endikasyon yoksa
vajinal yolla yapılabileceği belirtilmektedir. Gebeler enfeksiyon sürecinde perinatoloji, yenidoğan
ve yoğun bakım uzmanlarından oluşan multidisipliner bir yaklaşımla ele
alınmalıdır. Ayrıca bu süreçte gebelere psikososyal desteğin sağlanması da çok
önemlidir.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Limonene in the Prevention and Control of Injuries in the Respiratory System: A Systematic Review
Authors: Santana Hericalizandra S.R. , de Carvalho Fernanda O. , Silva Erika R. , Santos Nayara G.L. , Shanmugam Saravanan , Santos Debora N. , Wisniewski Julio O. , Junior José S. Cardoso , Nunes Paula S. , Araujo Adriano A.S. , de Albuquerque Junior Ricardo L.C. , dos Santos Marcio R.V. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction:The pulmonary inflammatory response results from exposure to injurious factors and is associated with oxidative stress, which intensifies the pathological reaction. In this context, limonene, a monoterpene found in citrus fruits, can be a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of this pathology, as it presents known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions.Objective:The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the anti-inflammatory activity of limonene and its capacity to prevent and control respiratory system injuries. Search strategy: A comprehensive literature search of the Cochrane, Scopus, MEDLINE-PubMed, Web of Science, and Lilacs databases was performed using the keywords: "limonene", “lung”, “pulmonary”, “airway”, “trachea”, “lung injury”, "respiratory system", “respiratory tract diseases”.Search strategy:A comprehensive literature search of the Cochrane, Scopus, MEDLINE-PubMed, Web of Science, and Lilacs databases was performed using the keywords: "limonene", “lung”, “pulmonary”, “airway”, “trachea”, “lung injury”, "respiratory system", “respiratory tract diseases”.Selection criteria:Studies on the use of limonene in disorders of the respiratory system, published until August 2019, were included. Those that did not use limonene alone or treated lesions in different systems other than the respiratory system, without targeting its anti-inflammatory action were excluded. In addition, review articles, meta-analyses, abstracts, conference papers, editorials/letters and case reports were also excluded.Results:Of the 561 articles found, 64 were in the Cochrane database, 235 in Scopus, 99 in Web of science, 150 in PubMed and 13 in Lilacs. After completing the systematic steps, 25 articles were selected for full reading, after which 7 papers remained in the review. An article was added after a manual literature search, resulting in a total of 8 papers. There was a high level of agreement on inclusion/exclusion among the researchers who examined the papers (Kappa index > 88%).Conclusion:Limonene has effective anti-inflammatory activity in both preventing and controlling respiratory system injuries.
Utilizing the Health Belief Model in Determining the Association between Perceptions on Obesity and Exercise Behavior of Saudi University Students
Authors: Al-Hassan Yasser Taher , Fabella Eduardo , Estrella Edric , Al-Ramadan Hassan Abdulfatah , Bujbara Abdullah Hassan 
Published: March 2020

Objective:
To determine the association between the perceptions on obesity of Saudi university students and their Physical Activity (PA) as measured by Metabolic Equivalents (METs) Score.

Methods:This study utilized an analytical cross-sectional design. The level of perception on obesity was determined based on the responses to the Obesity Health Belief Model questionnaire while the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to measure the students’ activity levels. Students with METs scores of less than 600 were classified as inactive. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed using Epi Info version 7.

Results:
Majority (75.54%) of participants had a high level of perception of the seriousness of obesity. Only half of the participants had a high level of the perception of susceptibility towards becoming obese. Although most (93.53%) of the students had a high level of perception of the benefits of physical activity on obesity prevention, 98.2% had a moderate to high perception of the barriers to engage in physical activity. The prevalence of physical inactivity was 44.6% (95% CI: 38.67 - 50.66%) and was higher among female (51.71%) than male (24.66%) students. There was a positive linear relationship between the university students’ perception of obesity and their level of physical activity with a β coefficient = 72.6 (p value = 0.0003).

Conclusion:
Saudi university students have a high perception of the seriousness of obesity and the benefits of physical activity towards obesity prevention; however, only half of them believe that they are susceptible to becoming obese. The students’ perceptions of obesity influence their physical activity.