bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
European countries with delayed childbearing are not those with lower fertility
Authors: Beaujouan Éva , Toulemon Laurent 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAt the individual level, a very strong negative relationship is observed between age at first birth and total number of children. However, at the country level, it is possible that no relationship exists between factors that reduce fertility at younger ages and stimulate it at older ages. Hence, across countries, the size of the decline in youth fertility is potentially unrelated to the size of the increase in fertility at older ages or the decline in total fertility. We study the fertility of women and their age at childbirth, with particular attention to their evolution over the last 40 years in countries across Europe. Comparing these countries, the increase in births after age 30 has occurred relatively independently of the decline at younger ages according to both period and cohort, and we find no positive relationship between the delay of first birth and decline in total fertility. On the contrary, an inverse relationship evidently exists at the country level, as longer delays generally correspond to smaller declines in total fertility. Context effects largely dominate individual constraints and play an important role in the occurrence of later births.
Use of tracheobronchial tree 3-dimensional printed model: does it improve trainees’ understanding of segmentation anatomy? A prospective study
Authors: O’Brien Christian , Souza Carolina A. , Sheikh Adnan , Miguel Olivier , Wood Timothy 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
This prospective study investigated whether the use of 3D-printed model facilitates novice learning of radiology anatomy on multiplanar computed tomography (CT) when compared to traditional 2D-based learning tools. Specifically, whether the use of a 3D printed model improved interpretation of multiplanar CT tracheobronchial anatomy.

Methods
Thirty-one medical students (10F, 21 M) from years one to three were recruited, matched for gender and level of training and randomized to 2D or 3D group. Students underwent 20-min self-study session using 2D-printed image or 3D-printed model of the tracheobronchial tree. Immediately after, students answered 10 multiple-choice questions (Test 1) to identify tracheobronchial tree branches on multiplanar CT images. Two weeks later, identical test (Test 2) was used to assess retention of information. Mean scores of 2D and 3D groups were calculated. Student’s t test was used to compare mean differences in tests scores and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the interaction of gender, CT imaging plane and time on test scores between the two groups.

Results
For test 1, 2D group had higher mean score than 3D group although not statistically significant (7.69 and 7.43, p = 0.39). Mean scores for Test 2 were significantly lower than for Test 1 (7 and 7.57, p = 0.03) with mean score decline for 2D group (Test 1 = 7.69, Test 2 = 6.63, p = 0.03), and similar score for 3D group (Test 1 and 2 = 7.43). There was no statistically significant interaction of gender and test score over time. Significant interaction between group and time of test was found for axial CT images but not for coronal images.

Conclusions
Use of a 3D-printed model of the tracheobronchial anatomy had no immediate advantage over traditional 2D-printed images for learning CT anatomy. However, use of a 3D model improved students’ ability to retain learned information, irrespective of gender.
N- and O-glycan analysis for the detection of glycosylation disorders
Authors: Gouda Amr Sobhi , Elbaz Azza Fahmy , Dupré Thierry , Ali Ola Sayed Mohamed , Zaki Maha Saad , Fateen Ekram Maher 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are defined as a group of several rare autosomal recessive inborn errors of metabolism that affect the glycosylation of many proteins and/or lipids. Variable clinical presentation is very characteristic for all types of CDGs; symptoms include severe neurological manifestations that usually start in the neonatal period and cause aggressive irreversible neurological damage. These disorders are usually misdiagnosed as other non-inheritable disorders or remain undiagnosed for a long time, leading to severe neurological complications. The diagnosis of CDGs is quite tedious due to their diverse clinical presentation. In Egypt, there is still no available screening programme to detect CDGs in patients at a young age. Therefore, the need for a reliable rapid test that uses a small sample size has emerged.
This study included 50 suspected subjects and 50 healthy controls with matching age and sex. Western blotting and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were used for the analysis of N- and O-glycans, respectively.

Results
The study detected 9 patients with hypoglycosylation (18%). Eight of the nine patients showed abnormal separation of N-glycoproteins using Western blotting indicative of reduced glycosylation (16% of the study subjects and 89% of the subjects with hypoglycosylation). Only one of the nine patients showed a decreased level of sialyl-T-antigen with a normal T-antigen level leading to an increased T/ST ratio (2% of study subjects and 11% of the subjects with hypoglycosylation).

Conclusion
Although N- and O-glycan analysis did not determine the underlying type of CDG, it successfully detected hypoglycosylation in 9 clinically suspected patients (18% of the studied subjects). All detected CDG cases were confirmed by molecular analysis results of mutations causing 4 different types of congenital disorders of glycosylation.
A proposed molecular mechanism for pathogenesis of severe RNA-viral pulmonary infections
Authors: Rogan Peter K. , Mucaki Eliseos J. , Shirley Ben C. 
Published: January 2021

Background:Certain riboviruses can cause severe pulmonary complications leading to death in some infected patients. We propose that DNA damage induced-apoptosis accelerates viral release, triggered by depletion of host RNA binding proteins (RBPs) from nuclear RNA bound to replicating viral sequences.Methods:Information theory-based analysis of interactions between RBPs and individual sequences in the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Influenza A (H3N2), HIV-1, and Dengue genomes identifies strong RBP binding sites in these viral genomes. Replication and expression of viral sequences is expected to increasingly sequester RBPs - SRSF1 and RNPS1. Ordinarily, RBPs bound to nascent host transcripts prevents their annealing to complementary DNA. Their depletion induces destabilizing R-loops. Chromosomal breakage occurs when an excess of unresolved R-loops collide with incoming replication forks, overwhelming the DNA repair machinery. We estimated stoichiometry of inhibition of RBPs in host nuclear RNA by counting competing binding sites in replicating viral genomes and host RNA.Results:Host RBP binding sites are frequent and conserved among different strains of RNA viral genomes. Similar binding motifs of SRSF1 and RNPS1 explain why DNA damage resulting from SRSF1 depletion is complemented by expression of RNPS1. Clustering of strong RBP binding sites coincides with the distribution of RNA-DNA hybridization sites across the genome. SARS-CoV-2 replication is estimated to require 32.5-41.8 hours to effectively compete for binding of an equal proportion of SRSF1 binding sites in host encoded nuclear RNAs. Significant changes in expression of transcripts encoding DNA repair and apoptotic proteins were found in an analysis of influenza A and Dengue-infected cells in some individuals.Conclusions:R-loop-induced apoptosis indirectly resulting from viral replication could release significant quantities of membrane-associated virions into neighboring alveoli. These could infect adjacent pneumocytes and other tissues, rapidly compromising lung function, causing multiorgan system failure and other described symptoms.
Representation of behaviour change interventions and their evaluation: Development of the Upper Level of the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology
Authors: Michie Susan , West Robert , Finnerty Ailbhe N. , Norris Emma , Wright Alison J. , Marques Marta M. , Johnston Marie , Kelly Michael P. , Thomas James , Hastings Janna 
Published: January 2021

Background: Behaviour change interventions (BCI), their contexts and evaluation methods are heterogeneous, making it difficult to synthesise evidence and make recommendations for real-world policy and practice. Ontologies provide a means for addressing this. They represent knowledge formally as entities and relationships using a common language able to cross disciplinary boundaries and topic domains. This paper reports the development of the upper level of the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology (BCIO), which provides a systematic way to characterise BCIs, their contexts and their evaluations. Methods: Development took place in four steps. (1) Entities and relationships were identified by behavioural and social science experts, based on their knowledge of evidence and theory, and their practical experience of behaviour change interventions and evaluations. (2) The outputs of the first step were critically examined by a wider group of experts, including the study ontology expert and those experienced in annotating relevant literature using the initial ontology entities. The outputs of the second step were tested by (3) feedback from three external international experts in ontologies and (4) application of the prototype upper-level BCIO to annotating published reports; this informed the final development of the upper-level BCIO. Results: The final upper-level BCIO specifies 42 entities, including the BCI scenario, elaborated across 21 entities and 7 relationship types, and the BCI evaluation study comprising 10 entities and 9 relationship types. BCI scenario entities include the behaviour change intervention (content and delivery), outcome behaviour, mechanism of action, and its context, which includes population and setting. These entities have corresponding entities relating to the planning and reporting of interventions and their evaluations. Conclusions: The upper level of the BCIO provides a comprehensive and systematic framework for representing BCIs, their contexts and their evaluations.
Mucormycosis osteomyelitis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Costa-Paz Matias , Muscolo D. Luis , Ayerza Miguel A. , Sanchez Marisa , Astoul Bonorino Juan , Yacuzzi Carlos , Carbo Lisandro 
Published: January 2021

AimsOur purpose was to describe an unusual series of 21 patients with fungal osteomyelitis after an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R).MethodsWe present a case-series of consecutive patients treated at our institution due to a severe fungal osteomyelitis after an arthroscopic ACL-R from November 2005 to March 2015. Patients were referred to our institution from different areas of our country. We evaluated the amount of bone resection required, type of final reconstructive procedure performed, and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) functional score.ResultsA total of 21 consecutive patients were included in the study; 19 were male with median age of 28 years (IQR 25 to 32). All ACL-R were performed with hamstrings autografts with different fixation techniques. An oncological-type debridement was needed to control persistent infection symptoms. There were no recurrences of fungal infection after median of four surgical debridements (IQR 3 to 6). Five patients underwent an extensive curettage due to the presence of large cavitary lesions and were reconstructed with hemicylindrical intercalary allografts (HIAs), preserving the epiphysis. An open surgical debridement was performed resecting the affected epiphysis in 15 patients, with a median bone loss of 11 cm (IQR 11.5 to 15.6). From these 15 cases, eight patients were reconstructed with allograft prosthesis composites (APC); six with tumour-type prosthesis (TTP) and one required a femoral TTP in combination with a tibial APC. One underwent an above-the-knee amputation. The median MSTS functional score was 20 points at a median of seven years (IQR 5 to 9) of follow-up.ConclusionThis study suggests that mucormycosis infection after an ACL-R is a serious complication. Diagnosis is usually delayed until major bone destructive lesions are present. This may originate additional massive reconstructive surgeries with severe functional limitations for the patients. Level of evidence: IV Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;2(1):3–8.
3D shape and strain measurement of a thin-walled elastic cylinder using fringe projection profilometry
Authors: de Jesús Ortiz-González Antonio , Martínez-García Amalia , Pascual-Francisco Juan Benito , Rayas-Álvarez Juan Antonio , de Jesús Flores-García Alexis 
Published: January 2021

This paper describes an optical measurement system that is capable of simultaneously measuring a three-dimensional shape and circumferential train in a thin-walled cylinder. We used the fringe projection technique to obtain a three-dimensional shape and out-of-plane displacements, which were then associated with out-of-plane strain. Although 360 deg profilometry is not new, we propose an experimental setup that requires only one camera and one projector, since two mirrors are located at 120 deg with respect to the

y

−

z

plane of the reference system to obtain three distinct, complementary views of the sample studied. A sequence of images of the fringe pattern was captured and processed using the phase-shifting method, while the out-of-plane data were determined by comparing the specimen before and after deformation. A latex tube filled with liquid was used to perform mechanical testing. The cylinder was subjected to internal hydrostatic pressure that caused deformation. Experimental results were compared with analytical solutions, and the results show that out-of-plane strains can be accurately measured using the proposed method.
В постматериалистическом тренде: мотивация участников протеста в сквере у Театра драмы в Екатеринбурге
Authors: Белоусов Александр Борисович , Давыдов Дмитрий Александрович , Кочухова Елена Сергеевна 
Published: January 2021

В статье на примере событий в сквере у Театра драмы в Екатеринбурге (май 2019 г.) рассматривается феномен постматериалистического протеста. Опираясь на концепцию Р. Инглхарта, авторы выдвигают тезис о долгосрочном тренде к «постматериализации» протестной активности в современной России. Все реже поводами для открытого выражения гражданами недовольства становятся сугубо социально-экономические причины (пенсионная реформа, бедность, рост цен), и все чаще — политические (борьба за свободу, гражданские права), экологические, культурные и т.д. В частности, в Екатеринбурге борьба против застройки сквера собрала значительно большее количество человек и привлекла большее внимание СМИ, чем протест против пенсионной реформы в августе 2018 г. На основе проведенных совместно со ВЦИОМ полуструктурированных интервью с участниками майских событий в Екатеринбурге (N = 20) авторы делают вывод, что мотивация позволяет отнести этот протест к постматериалистическим.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в рамках работы по проекту РФФИ № 20-411-660027 «Мониторинг и прогнозирование социальных конфликтов в Свердловской области в 2020—2022 гг.»
Авторы также выражают благодарность Валерию Федорову и Алексею Фирсову за совместную работу над инструментарием интервью с участниками протестов в Екатеринбурге.
Россия — страна возможностей? Смотря как считать
Authors: Ибрагимова Зульфия Фануровна , Франц Марина Валерьевна 
Published: January 2021

Работа посвящена исследованию влияния выбора меры неравенства на результаты измерения неравенства возможностей. Анализ базируется на данных социологического опроса Life in Transition III (волна 2016 г.), проводимого Европейским банком реконструкции и развития. Кроме того, используются данные пятнадцатой и двадцатой волн Российского мониторинга экономического положения и здоровья населения НИУ ВШЭ, представляющего собой серию ежегодных общенациональных репрезентативных опросов. Расчеты выполнялись с применением параметрической методики на основе ex–ante подхода, использовалась как прямая, так и косвенная процедура оценки неравенства возможностей. Установлено, что выбор меры неравенства оказывает значительное влияние на результаты измерения неравенства возможностей. Выявлено, что применение индексов Тейла является более предпочтительным, чем использование индекса Джини, в связи с тем, что расхождение между оценками, получаемыми прямым и косвенным методами, максимально велико при использовании индекса Джини и минимально при использовании индекса Тейла L.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке гранта РФФИ (проект № 19–010–00453).
A AVALIAÇÃO FORMATIVA A FAVOR DA APRENDIZAGEM DO EDUCANDO.
Authors: Silva dos Santos e Paula Júlia Tadeu 
Published: January 2021

RESUMO:
O presente trabalho objetiva apresentar uma proposta de avaliação que favoreça as aprendizagens discentes, simultaneamente em que permite aos docentes a regulação do ensino. Tendo como resultado uma aprendizagem do educando, em que o contexto e a vivência dos alunos sejam valorizados. Nesse sentido, verifica-se na Avaliação formativa fatores que possibilitam o dinamismo da aprendizagem que se deseja atingir.
A Concepção Formativa é uma ferramenta pautada nos processos, que visam corrigir falhas que levem a superação das dificuldades, oportunizando ao professor, juntamente com o aluno, refletirem sobre o mesmo objeto de estudo.
Entretanto não se deve desconsiderar a importância quantitativa da avaliação, mas, ao enfatizar números e conceitos, está se “reproduzindo” um ensino reprodutivista e não participativo.
Neste sentido, a concepção formativa se coloca a favor do processo ensino aprendizagem, em contraposição à concepção tradicional, por visar o aprimoramento das aprendizagens em etapas e não no resultado final.
Reproductive Factors and Breast Cancer Risk in Lithuanian Women: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Steponavičienė Laura , Vansevičiūtė Rasa , Zabulienė Lina , Jasilionis Domantas , Urbonas Vincas , Smailytė Giedrė 
Published: January 2021

Background. Although the relationship between reproductive factors and breast cancer is internationally proved, reliable data on former USSR countries are scarce. This study examines the association of parity, age at the first childbirth, number of children, and breast cancer risk in Lithuanian women.Methods. The study that included women from 40 to 79 years old was based on a dataset that was made up linking all records from the 2001 census, all cancer incidence records from the Lithuanian Cancer Registry and all death records from Statistics Lithuania between 6th April 2001 and 31st December 2009. Cox’s proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for parity, age at the first childbirth, and number of children.Results. If compared to nulliparous women, parous women had a lower risk of breast cancer (HR=0.84, 95% CI 0.78–0.89) and this risk further decreased with an increasing number of children. Women who gave birth after the age of 25 had a significantly higher risk of breast cancer. This disadvantage became statistically insignificant or decreased after controlling for total number of children.Conclusions. Parity and age at the first childbirth are strong predictors of breast cancer risk among Lithuanian women.
Adverse Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in a Novel Experimental Model of Pregnancy after Recovery from Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Gillis Ellen E. , Brands Michael W. , Sullivan Jennifer C. 
Published: January 2021

Background
Recent clinical studies report that women with a history of AKI have an increased incidence of maternal and fetal adverse outcomes during pregnancy, despite fully recovering renal function prior to conception. The mechanisms contributing to such adverse outcomes in pregnancy after AKI are not yet understood.

Methods
To develop a rodent model to investigate fetal and maternal outcomes in female animals with a history of AKI, we used ischemia-reperfusion injury as an experimental model of AKI in female Sprague Dawley rats. The 12-week-old animals underwent warm bilateral ischemia-reperfusion surgery involving clamping of both renal arteries for 45 minutes or sham surgery (control). Rats were allowed to recover for 1 month prior to mating. Recovery from ischemia-reperfusion injury was confirmed by measurements of plasma creatinine and urinary protein excretion. We assessed maternal and fetal outcomes during late pregnancy on gestational day 20.

Results
After recovery from ischemia-reperfusion injury, compared with healthy sham-surgery controls, dams exhibited pregnancy-induced renal insufficiency with increases in plasma creatinine and urea, along with increased urinary protein excretion. Additionally, recovered ischemia-reperfusion dams experienced worse fetal outcomes compared with controls, with intrauterine growth restriction leading to higher rates of fetal demise and smaller pups.

Conclusions
In this rat model, despite biochemical resolution of ischemia-reperfusion injury, subsequent pregnancy resulted in maternal renal insufficiency and significant impairments in fetal growth. This mirrors findings in recent reports in the clinical population, indicating that this model may be a useful tool to further explore the alterations in kidney function after AKI in women.