bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hint at an axion-like particle from the redshift dependence of blazar spectra
Authors: Galanti G , Roncadelli M , De Angelis A , Bignami G F 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We consider the largest observed sample including all intermediate-frequency peaked (IBL) and high-frequency peaked (HBL) flaring blazars above 100 GeV up to redshift z = 0.6. We show that the best-fitting regression line of the emitted spectral indices Γem(z) is a concave parabola decreasing as z increases, thereby implying a statistical correlation between the {Γem(z)} distribution and z. This result contradicts our expectation that such a distribution should be zindependent. We argue that the above correlation does not arise from any selection bias. We show that our expectation naturally emerges provided that axion-like particles (ALPs) are put into the game. Moreover, ALPs can also explain why flat spectrum radio quasars emit up to 400 GeV, in sharp contradiction with conventional physics (CP). So, the combination of the two very different but consistent results – taken at face value – leads to a hint at an ALP with mass $m = {\cal O} (10^{-10} \, {\rm eV})$ and two-photon coupling in the range $2.94 \times 10^{- 12} \, {\rm GeV}^{- 1} \lt g_{a \gamma \gamma } \lt 0.66 \times 10^{- 10} \, {\rm GeV}^{- 1}$. As a bonus, the Universe would become considerably more transparent above energies $E \gtrsim 1 \, {\rm TeV}$ than dictated by CP. Our prediction can be checked not only by the new generation of observatories like CTA, HAWC, GAMMA-400, LHAASO, TAIGA-HiSCORE, and HERD, but also thanks to the planned laboratory experiments ALPS II (upgraded), STAX, IAXO and with other techniques now being developed by Avignone and collaborators.
Dedication: We wish to dedicate the present work to the memory of our dear friend Nanni Bignami.
Cosmological baryon transfer in the simba simulations
Authors: Borrow Josh , Anglés-Alcázar Daniel , Davé Romeel 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We present a framework for characterizing the large-scale movement of baryons relative to dark matter in cosmological simulations, requiring only the initial conditions and final state of the simulation. This is performed using the spread metric that quantifies the distance in the final conditions between initially neighbouring particles, and by analysing the baryonic content of final haloes relative to that of the initial Lagrangian regions (LRs) defined by their dark matter component. Applying this framework to the simba cosmological simulations, we show that 40 per cent (10 per cent) of cosmological baryons have moved $\gt 1\, h^{-1}\, {\rm Mpc}{}$ ($3\, h^{-1}\, {\rm Mpc}{}$) by z = 0, primarily due to entrainment of gas by jets powered by an active galactic nucleus, with baryons moving up to $12\, h^{-1}\, {\rm Mpc}{}$ away in extreme cases. Baryons decouple from the dynamics of the dark matter component due to hydrodynamic forces, radiative cooling, and feedback processes. As a result, only 60 per cent of the gas content in a given halo at z = 0 originates from its LR, roughly independent of halo mass. A typical halo in the mass range Mvir = 1012–1013 M⊙ only retains 20 per cent of the gas originally contained in its LR. We show that up to 20 per cent of the gas content in a typical Milky Way-mass halo may originate in the region defined by the dark matter of another halo. This inter-Lagrangian baryon transfer may have important implications for the origin of gas and metals in the circumgalactic medium of galaxies, as well as for semi-analytic models of galaxy formation and ‘zoom-in’ simulations.
Cool Jupiters greatly outnumber their toasty siblings: occurrence rates from the Anglo-Australian Planet Search
Authors: Wittenmyer Robert A , Wang Songhu , Horner Jonathan , Butler R P , Tinney C G , Carter B D , Wright D J , Jones H R A , Bailey J , O’Toole S J , Johns Daniel 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Our understanding of planetary systems different to our own has grown dramatically in the past 30 yr. However, our efforts to ascertain the degree to which the Solar system is abnormal or unique have been hindered by the observational biases inherent to the methods that have yielded the greatest exoplanet hauls. On the basis of such surveys, one might consider our planetary system highly unusual – but the reality is that we are only now beginning to uncover the true picture. In this work, we use the full 18-yr archive of data from the Anglo-Australian Planet Search to examine the abundance of ‘cool Jupiters’ – analogues to the Solar system’s giant planets, Jupiter and Saturn. We find that such planets are intrinsically far more common through the cosmos than their siblings, the hot Jupiters. We find that the occurrence rate of such ‘cool Jupiters’ is $6.73^{+2.09}_{-1.13}$ per cent, almost an order of magnitude higher than the occurrence of hot Jupiters (at $0.84^{+0.70}_{-0.20}$ per cent). We also find that the occurrence rate of giant planets is essentially constant beyond orbital distances of ∼1 au. Our results reinforce the importance of legacy radial velocity surveys for the understanding of the Solar system’s place in the cosmos.
Radio observations of supernova remnant G1.9+0.3
Authors: Luken Kieran J , Filipović Miroslav D , Maxted Nigel I , Kothes Roland , Norris Ray P , Allison James R , Blackwell Rebecca , Braiding Catherine , Brose Robert , Burton Michael , De Horta Ain Y , Galvin Tim J , Harvey-Smith Lisa , Hurley-Walker Natasha , Leahy Denis , Ralph Nicholas O , Roper Quentin , Rowell Gavin , Sushch Iurii , Urošević Dejan , Wong Graeme F 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We present 1–10 GHz radio continuum flux density, spectral index, polarization, and rotation measure (RM) images of the youngest known Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) G1.9+0.3, using observations from the Australia Telescope Compact Array. We have conducted an expansion study spanning eight epochs between 1984 and 2017, yielding results consistent with previous expansion studies of G1.9+0.3. We find a mean radio continuum expansion rate of (0.78 ± 0.09) per cent yr−1 (or ∼8900 km s−1 at an assumed distance of 8.5 kpc), although the expansion rate varies across the SNR perimetre. In the case of the most recent epoch between 2016 and 2017, we observe faster-than-expected expansion of the northern region. We find a global spectral index for G1.9+0.3 of −0.81 ± 0.02 (76 MHz–10 GHz). Towards the northern region, however, the radio spectrum is observed to steepen significantly (∼−1). Towards the two so-called (east and west) ‘ears’ of G1.9+0.3, we find very different RM values of 400–600 and 100–200 rad m2, respectively. The fractional polarization of the radio continuum emission reaches (19 ± 2) per cent, consistent with other, slightly older, SNRs such as Cas A.
Ancestral Hybridization Facilitated Species Diversification in the Lake Malawi Cichlid Fish Adaptive Radiation
Authors: Svardal Hannes , Quah Fu Xiang , Malinsky Milan , Ngatunga Benjamin P , Miska Eric A , Salzburger Walter , Genner Martin J , Turner George F , Durbin Richard 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes in East African Lake Malawi encompasses over 500 species that are believed to have evolved within the last 800,000 years from a common founder population. It has been proposed that hybridization between ancestral lineages can provide the genetic raw material to fuel such exceptionally high diversification rates, and evidence for this has recently been presented for the Lake Victoria region cichlid superflock. Here, we report that Lake Malawi cichlid genomes also show evidence of hybridization between two lineages that split 3–4 Ma, today represented by Lake Victoria cichlids and the riverine Astatotilapia sp. “ruaha blue.” The two ancestries in Malawi cichlid genomes are present in large blocks of several kilobases, but there is little variation in this pattern between Malawi cichlid species, suggesting that the large-scale mosaic structure of the genomes was largely established prior to the radiation. Nevertheless, tens of thousands of polymorphic variants apparently derived from the hybridization are interspersed in the genomes. These loci show a striking excess of differentiation across ecological subgroups in the Lake Malawi cichlid assemblage, and parental alleles sort differentially into benthic and pelagic Malawi cichlid lineages, consistent with strong differential selection on these loci during species divergence. Furthermore, these loci are enriched for genes involved in immune response and vision, including opsin genes previously identified as important for speciation. Our results reinforce the role of ancestral hybridization in explosive diversification by demonstrating its significance in one of the largest recent vertebrate adaptive radiations.
Quitline Treatment Enrollment and Cessation Outcomes Among Smokers Linked With Treatment via Ask-Advise-Connect: Comparisons Among Smokers With and Without HIV
Authors: Bui Thanh C , Piñeiro Bárbara , Vidrine Damon J , Wetter David W , Frank-Pearce Summer G , Vidrine Jennifer I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Given that people living with HIV (PLWH) are disproportionately burdened by tobacco-related morbidity and mortality, it is critically important to understand the degree to which evidence-based cessation interventions are utilized by and are effective among PLWH.

Aims and Methods
This secondary data analysis aimed to examine differences in Quitline treatment enrollment and 6-month cessation outcomes among smokers seeking care at 1 HIV clinic and 12 non-HIV clinics that were part of a large healthcare system in the greater Houston, Texas metropolitan area, United States. Data were from a 34-month (April 2013–February 2016) one-group implementation trial that evaluated the Ask-Advise-Connect (AAC) approach to linking smokers with Quitline treatment. Primary outcomes included (1) treatment enrollment and (2) 6-month self-reported and biochemically confirmed abstinence.

Results
The smoking status of 218 915 unique patients was recorded in the electronic health record; 5285 (2.7%) of these patients were seen at the HIV clinic where the smoking prevalence was 45.9%; smoking prevalence at the non-HIV clinics was 17.9%. The proportion of identified smokers who enrolled in treatment was 10.8% at the HIV clinic and 11.8% at the non-HIV clinics. The self-reported abstinence rate was 18.7% among HIV clinic patients and 16.5% among non-HIV clinic patients. Biochemically confirmed abstinence was lower at 4.2% and 4.5%, respectively (all ps &gt; .05).

Conclusions
AAC resulted in rates of Quitline treatment enrollment and abstinence rates that were comparable among patients seen at an HIV clinic and non-HIV clinics. Findings suggest that AAC should be considered for widespread implementation in HIV clinics.

Implications
PLWH were as likely as other patients to enroll in evidence-based tobacco cessation treatment when it was offered in the context of a primary care visit. Cessation outcomes were also comparable. Therefore, standard care for PLWH should include routine screening for smoking status and referrals to cessation treatment.
Efficacy of fish oil and its components in the management of psoriasis: a systematic review of 18 randomized controlled trials
Authors: Chen Xi , Hong Seokgyeong , Sun Xiaoying , Xu Wenbin , Li Hongjin , Ma Tian , Zheng Qi , Zhao Huaibo , Zhou Yaqiong , Qiang Yan , Li Bin , Li Xin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Context
Fish oil and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory properties, but their effect on psoriasis and its comorbidities remains inconclusive.

Objective
The aim of this quantitative systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fish oil and its components in the treatment of psoriasis and its comorbidities.

Data Sources
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China Network Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang databases were searched from inception to March 30, 2019.

Study Selection
Randomized controlled trials were eligible for inclusion if they measured the effect of fish oil and its components in the treatment of patients with psoriasis.

Data Extraction
Eighteen randomized controlled trials involving 927 study participants were included.

Results
Monotherapy with fish oil or ω-3 PUFAs had no effect on the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score (P = 0.47), lesion area (P = 0.34), or pruritus (P = 0.62). Fish oil or ω-3 PUFAs combined with conventional treatments, however, resulted in a decreased PASI score (mean difference [MD], −3.92; 95%CI, −6.15 to −1.69; P = 0.0006) and lesion area (MD, −30.00; 95%CI, −33.82 to −26.18; P &lt; 0.0001). Safety evaluation suggested no between-group differences. Fish oil and its components reduced certain risk factors for obesity, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disease in patients with psoriasis and also regulated several inflammatory mediators.

Conclusions
Overall, when combined with conventional treatments, fish oil and its components may have beneficial effects on psoriasis and its comorbidities, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disease.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration number CRD42019128631.
How Quantitative Easing Works: Evidence on the Refinancing Channel
Authors: Di Maggio Marco , Kermani Amir , Palmer Christopher J 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe document the transmission of large-scale asset purchases by the Federal Reserve to the real economy using rich borrower-linked mortgage-market data and an identification strategy based on mortgage market segmentation. We find that central bank QE1 MBS purchases substantially increased refinancing activity, reduced interest payments for refinancing households, led to a boom in equity extraction, and increased aggregate consumption. Relative to QE-ineligible jumbo mortgages, QE-eligible conforming mortgage interest rates fell by an additional 40 bp and refinancing volumes increased by an additional 56% during QE1. We estimate that households refinancing during QE1 increased their durable consumption by 12%. Our results highlight that the transmission of unconventional monetary policy to the real economy depends crucially on the composition of assets purchased and the degree of segmentation in the market.
Issueless Campus Riots: Toward a Structural Account of Disorderly Gatherings, 1997–2007
Authors: McCarthy John D , Rafail Patrick , McPhail Clark , Martin Andrew W , Walker Edward T 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Serious public disorders on or near US college and university campuses became common in the mid-1990s and have remained widespread. This research examines the structural conditions of campus communities where disorders are more likely to occur, drawing on findings from earlier work on racial disorders occurring in American cities during the 1960s. We propose several predictors of disorderly events, including concentrated student populations, alcohol availability, campus drinking behavior, and police behavior. We use a sample of 226 disorders occurring on the largest 274 campus communities between 1997 and 2007. Our results show that institutions with a combination of high student density and extensive alcohol availability experience the most disturbances. Aggressive policing of alcohol-related infractions is also associated with the likelihood of disturbances.
Urinary TCP1-eta: A Cortical Damage Marker for the Pathophysiological Diagnosis and Prognosis of Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Sancho-Martínez Sandra M , Sánchez-Juanes Fernando , Blanco-Gozalo Víctor , Fontecha-Barriuso Miguel , Prieto-García Laura , Fuentes-Calvo Isabel , González-Buitrago José M , Morales Ana I , Martínez-Salgado Carlos , Ramos-Barron María A , Gómez-Alamillo Carlos , Arias Manuel , López-Novoa José M , López-Hernández Francisco J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious syndrome with increasing incidence and health consequences, and high mortality rate among critically ill patients. Acute kidney injury lacks a unified definition, has ambiguous semantic boundaries, and relies on defective diagnosis. This, in part, is due to the absence of biomarkers substratifying AKI patients into pathophysiological categories based on which prognosis can be assigned and clinical treatment differentiated. For instance, AKI involving acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is expected to have a worse prognosis than prerenal, purely hemodynamic AKI. However, no biomarker has been unambiguously associated with tubular cell death or is able to provide etiological distinction. We used a cell-based system to identify TCP1-eta in the culture medium as a noninvasive marker of damaged renal tubular cells. In rat models of AKI, TCP1-eta was increased in the urine co-relating with renal cortical tubule damage. When kidneys from ATN rats were perfused in situ with Krebs-dextran solution, a portion of the urinary TCP1-eta protein content excreted into urine disappeared, and another portion remained within the urine. These results indicated that TCP1-eta was secreted by tubule cells and was not fully reabsorbed by the damaged tubules, both effects contributing to the increased urinary excretion. Urinary TCP1-eta is found in many etiologically heterogeneous AKI patients, and is statistically higher in patients partially recovered from severe AKI. In conclusion, urinary TCP1-eta poses a potential, substratifying biomarker of renal cortical damage associated with bad prognosis.
Frequent cross-species transmissions of foamy virus between domestic and wild felids
Authors: Kraberger Simona , Fountain-Jones Nicholas M , Gagne Roderick B , Malmberg Jennifer , Dannemiller Nicholas G , Logan Ken , Alldredge Mat , Varsani Arvind , Crooks Kevin R , Craft Meggan , Carver Scott , VandeWoude Sue 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEmerging viral outbreaks resulting from host switching is an area of continued scientific interest. Such events can result in disease epidemics or in some cases, clinically silent outcomes. These occurrences are likely relatively common and can serve as tools to better understand disease dynamics, and may result in changes in behavior, fecundity, and, ultimately survival of the host. Feline foamy virus (FFV) is a common retrovirus infecting domestic cats globally, which has also been documented in the North American puma (Puma concolor). The prevalent nature of FFV in domestic cats and its ability to infect wild felids, including puma, provides an ideal system to study cross-species transmission across trophic levels (positions in the food chain), and evolution of pathogens transmitted between individuals following direct contact. Here we present findings from an extensive molecular analysis of FFV in pumas, focused on two locations in Colorado, and in relation to FFV recovered from domestic cats in this and previous studies. Prevalence of FFV in puma was high across the two regions, ∼77 per cent (urban interface site) and ∼48 per cent (rural site). Comparison of FFV from pumas living across three states; Colorado, Florida, and California, indicates FFV is widely distributed across North America. FFV isolated from domestic cats and pumas was not distinguishable at the host level, with FFV sequences sharing &gt;93 per cent nucleotide similarity. Phylogenetic, Bayesian, and recombination analyses of FFV across the two species supports frequent cross-species spillover from domestic cat to puma during the last century, as well as frequent puma-to-puma intraspecific transmission in Colorado, USA. Two FFV variants, distinguished by significant difference in the surface unit of the envelope protein, were commonly found in both hosts. This trait is also shared by simian foamy virus and may represent variation in cell tropism or a unique immune evasion mechanism. This study elucidates evolutionary and cross-species transmission dynamics of a highly prevalent multi-host adapted virus, a system which can further be applied to model spillover and transmission of pathogenic viruses resulting in widespread infection in the new host.
Clindamycin, Gentamicin, and Risk of Clostridium difficile Infection and Acute Kidney Injury During Delivery Hospitalizations
Authors: Duffy Cassandra R. , Huang Yongmei , Andrikopoulou Maria , Stern-Ascher Conrad N. , Wright Jason D. , Goffman Dena , D'Alton Mary E. , Friedman Alexander M. 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVE:
To describe risk of Clostridium difficile infection associated with clindamycin and acute kidney injury associated with gentamicin during delivery hospitalizations.

METHODS:
Women admitted for delivery from January 2006 to March 2015 were analyzed using an inpatient administrative database. Primary outcomes were C difficile infection and acute kidney injury. C difficile infection was compared between women receiving clindamycin (with or without other antibiotics) and women receiving antibiotics other than clindamycin. Acute kidney injury was compared between women receiving gentamicin (with or without other antibiotics), women receiving antibiotics other than gentamicin, and women receiving no antibiotics. Unadjusted and adjusted log linear models analyzing the role of patient demographics, mode of delivery, and hospital-level characteristics were created evaluating risk of C difficile infection and acute kidney injury with risk ratios (RRs) and adjusted risk ratios with 99% CIs as measures of association. A sensitivity analysis for gentamicin and acute kidney injury was performed restricted to women with preeclampsia.

RESULTS:
Of 5,657,523 women admitted for delivery hospitalization, 266,402 (4.7%) received clindamycin and 165,726 (2.9%) received gentamicin. C difficile infection was diagnosed in 0.04% of women receiving clindamycin. Compared with women receiving other antibiotics, clindamycin was associated with a nearly threefold increased risk of C difficile infection (RR 2.93, 99% CI 2.21–3.90). Acute kidney injury was diagnosed in 0.24% of women receiving gentamicin. Gentamicin was associated with a threefold increased risk of acute kidney injury (RR 3.01, 99% CI 2.62–3.45) compared with women receiving other antibiotics, whereas receipt of no antibiotics was associated with significantly lower risk (RR 0.18, 99% CI 0.15–0.20). In adjusted analyses, these associations retained significance. Significantly increased risk of acute kidney injury was noted for women with preeclampsia receiving gentamicin (RR 2.04, 99% CI 1.64–2.53).

CONCLUSION:
Receipt of clindamycin was associated with significantly increased likelihood for C difficile infection and receipt of gentamicin with significantly increased likelihood of acute kidney injury, although the absolute risk of these complications was low.