bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approach‐oriented coping strategy level may be related to volume of the whole hippocampus in the elderly
Authors: Kida Hisashi , Nakajima Shinichiro , Shikimoto Ryo , Ochi Ryo , Noda Yoshihiro , Tsugawa Sakiko , Fujii Shinya , Takayama Midori , Mimura Masaru , Niimura Hidehito 
Published: January 2020

AimStress‐related disorders and severe stress exposure can cause atrophy of the whole hippocampus and its subfields. However, the impact of stress coping strategies on the hippocampus remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to examine the relation between approach‐ and avoidance‐oriented coping strategies and hippocampal volume in elderly persons.MethodsA total of 1045 elderly persons living in Arakawa‐ward, Tokyo (mean ± SD age: 72.8 ± 5.2 years; 569 females [54.4%]) were included in the study and completed several questionnaires and face‐to‐face interviews and underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Approach‐ or avoidance‐oriented coping strategies were assessed with the Stress and Coping Inventory, while cognitive function and depressive symptoms were assessed with the Mini‐Mental State Examination and Geriatric Depression Scale, respectively. The volume of the whole hippocampus on T1‐weighted images was delineated and calculated using FreeSurfer 6.0. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the relation between Stress and Coping Inventory scores and whole hippocampal volume.ResultsApproach‐oriented coping strategy scores were positively correlated with whole hippocampal volume. Furthermore, these relations remained significant after controlling for the influence of cognitive function and depressive symptoms on these volumetric variables. In contrast, avoidance‐oriented coping strategy scores were not correlated with whole hippocampal volume.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that hippocampal volume may be associated with the approach‐oriented coping strategy; therefore, this strategy may preserve hippocampal volume in the elderly.
Pediatric cellular neurothekeoma: Seven cases and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Murphrey Morgan , Huy Nguyen Austin , White Kevin P. , Krol Alfons , Bernert Richard , Yarbrough Kevin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesNeurothekeoma is a rare, benign, cutaneous neoplasm consisting of Schwann cells and perineural cells in myxoid stroma. Cellular neurothekeoma (CNT) was previously thought to represent a morphologic variant of neurothekeoma, but recent studies have shown that CNTs are unrelated to neurothekeomas and are more likely of histiocytic lineage.MethodsHerein, we describe seven cases of CNT in pediatric patients. A comprehensive search of PubMed was performed, and 71 cases of cellular neurothekeoma in pediatric patients were reviewed.ResultsThe clinical differential diagnosis for these lesions included Spitz nevi, keloid, juvenile xanthogranuloma, cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia, and lymphomatoid papulosis. All cases were treated by excision or excisional biopsy. Histopathologically, all demonstrated multilobular, primarily intradermal neoplasms composed of plump spindled or epithelioid mononuclear cells with abundant eosinophilic pale‐staining cytoplasm. Immunophenotypic findings included CD68 and NKI/C3 positivity, and negative staining with cytokeratin, S‐100, Melan‐A, and SOX‐10.ConclusionCellular neurothekeoma is distinguished from conventional neurothekeoma by increased cellularity, a lack of myxoid stroma, and a lack of neural expression with immunohistochemical stains. These uncommon neoplasms should be included in the differential diagnosis of dermal nodules in children. Accurate diagnosis of these lesions is essential, as they can be mistaken for malignancy leading to unnecessary treatment.
Intralesional immunotherapy for pediatric warts: A review
Authors: Fields Jaime R. , Saikaly Sami K. , Schoch Jennifer J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCutaneous warts are a common pediatric complaint with modest response to first‐line treatments. Warts are a manifestation of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and are cleared by cell‐mediated immunity (CMI). Intralesional immunotherapy treatments have been studied as alternative therapies, particularly for recalcitrant or multiple warts, including Candida antigen, mumps antigen, the combined measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD), and bacille Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) vaccine. These treatments are thought to increase HPV recognition by stimulating CMI. In this review, we evaluate and compare the efficacy and adverse effects of intralesional immunotherapy in the treatment of pediatric warts. Articles met inclusion criteria if they specifically evaluated the effects of intralesional immunotherapy (candida, MMR, tuberculin PPD, or BCG) as treatment for cutaneous warts in a pediatric population, and if they quantified treatment effect in a reproducible manner. Twenty‐one studies met criteria. Many studies demonstrated complete clearance of injected common warts in pediatric patients with clearance rates ranging from 23.3% to 95.2%. Distant wart resolution was common. Intralesional immunotherapy is a promising treatment option for cutaneous warts in children.
Gramineous weeds near paddy fields are alternative hosts for the Fusarium graminearum species complex that causes fusarium head blight in rice
Authors: Dong Fei , Xu Jianhong , Zhang Xiao , Wang Shufang , Xing Yujun , Mokoena Mduduzi P. , Olaniran Ademola O. , Shi Jianrong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the potential role of gramineous weeds present near paddy fields as alternative hosts for the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) that causes fusarium head blight (FHB) in rice. A total of 142 weed samples were collected from 10 gramineous weed species near paddy fields from August to October 2018 in Jiangsu Province, China. Of the 145 isolates of seven Fusarium species isolated from the weed samples, F. asiaticum was the most abundant (86.9%), followed by F. fujikuroi (5.5%), F. proliferatum (2.8%), F. graminearum (2.1%), F. tricinctum (1.4%), F. acuminatum (0.7%), and F. sporotrichioides (0.7%). Genotype and mycotoxin analyses confirmed that 72.2% of F. asiaticum isolates were producers of deoxynivalenol (DON) with 3‐acetyl deoxynivalenol (3ADON), and the remainder were nivalenol (NIV) producers. Pathogenicity assays showed that both 3ADON and NIV chemotypes of F. asiaticum could cause FHB in rice, but NIV chemotypes were significantly (p < .05) more aggressive than 3ADON chemotypes. Three Fusarium mycotoxins, DON, NIV, and zearalenone, occurred naturally at low concentrations in the weed samples. Taken together, this study provides insight into the mycotoxin production and aggressiveness of F. asiaticum isolates from gramineous weeds in China.
Symptom development and latent period of Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust) in relation to host species, temperature, and ontogenic resistance
Authors: Beresford Robert M. , Shuey Louise S. , Pegg Geoff S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMyrtle rust (Austropuccinia psidii) is an invasive species causing damage to Myrtaceae species in natural and managed ecosystems in many countries. To better understand myrtle rust epidemiology we studied latent period (LP) and ontogenic resistance in relation to temperature on three susceptible hosts (Metrosideros excelsa, Lophomyrtus bullata × L. obcordata and Syzygium jambos). The latent period curve was U‐shaped, with latent development >0 from between 8 and 10 °C, depending on the host, to 32 °C. Optimum range was 22–28 °C with minimum LP of 5–7 days. Peak spore production occurred over about 2 weeks, starting about 1 week after the LP ended. Some spore production continued for 1–2 months. Comparison of the LP data with field temperatures indicated that the uredinial stage of A. psidii can overwinter in the latent phase in temperate areas of New Zealand and southern Australia and, therefore, uredinial or telial reinfection is not required during winter. The LP information was used to correct the LP function in a New Zealand myrtle rust climatic risk model. The transition of emergent leaf and stem tissues in susceptible Myrtaceae genotypes from susceptible to immune (ontogenic resistance) was characterized in terms of uredinium density and LP. Onset of ontogenic resistance was closely linked to the degree of leaf expansion, with fully expanded leaves being immune to infection. Because ontogenic resistance restricts infection to periods when growth flushes occur, understanding it is crucial for explaining the seasonality of myrtle rust development in the natural environment.
Ecological momentary assessment of stress, racism and other forms of discrimination during pregnancy using smartphone technology
Authors: Mendez Dara D. , Sanders Sarah A. , Lai Yu‐Hsuan , Wallace Meredith L. , Rathbun Stephen L. , Gary‐Webb Tiffany L. , Davis Esa M. , Burke Lora E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the United States, there are considerable racial inequities in adverse perinatal outcomes. Exposure to racism, sexism, and other forms of oppression may help explain these inequities.ObjectivesTo describe the application of real‐time data collection using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and smartphone technology to assess exposure to stress, racism, sexism, microaggressions, and other forms of oppression.MethodsThe Postpartum Mothers Mobile Study (PMOMS) is an ongoing longitudinal cohort study that began recruitment in December 2017. Participants delivering at a hospital in Pittsburgh, PA are recruited by 29 weeks' gestation. Using smartphones and smart scales, participants complete daily surveys related to psychosocial, behavioural, and contextual factors and weigh themselves weekly for approximately 15 months. We provide a preliminary descriptive analysis of EMA self‐reported measures of stress, racism, sexism, and microaggressions; and non‐EMA measures of stress and major discrimination.ResultsThe sample (n = 230) is 63.5% White, 24.8% Black/African American, and 7% Hispanic origin. The most commonly reported item from the Major Discrimination Scale is being unfairly fired (18.1% of the sample). Of those, 31.7% and 17.1% attribute unfair firing to their gender and race, respectively. From the random EMA measures, on average, participants report experiences of racism and sexism at least once daily, in an average 12‐hour day over the 4‐week period. Black participants indicate about two experiences per day of racism, and White participants indicate more than 1 per day of sexism. Mean stress levels from the EMA measures were similar to the stress measures collected at baseline.ConclusionsThe methods applied in PMOMS provide real‐time data regarding how participants' daily experiences of stress and discrimination influence their lives. Future work will include understanding if and how these EMA measures may relate to already established measures of racism, sexism, and stress; and ultimately understanding associations with perinatal inequities.
Uncovering and defragmenting the role of the Toll pathway in the innate immune responses of cultured crustaceans against viral pathogens
Authors: Sánchez‐Paz Arturo , Muhlia‐Almazán Adriana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractShrimp farming is considered the fastest growing aquaculture industry in the last decades, with an average growth in production of ~15% per year. Unfortunately, this industry has been affected by the emergence of viral diseases, and currently, there are no commercially available therapeutics against these pathogens. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the immune system components induced by viruses is imperative for the development of antiviral therapies in these species. It is well known that the Toll‐like receptor (TLR) signalling is involved in activating the innate immune responses in crustaceans. Although numerous research papers deal with the response of the individual components of this pathway involved in the antiviral response on different crustacean species, the information is highly fragmented. This review provides a detailed picture of the general structure and role of Spätzle, Toll receptors, MyD88, Tollip, Tube, Pelle, Pellino, Dorsal, Cactus and DIF, the elements constituting the Toll‐like receptor participating in the innate immune response against viral diseases in crustaceans. It summarizes the current knowledge progress about the influence of the Toll pathway components on the expression of antimicrobial peptides involved in the antiviral response of crustaceans. In addition, this review compares the structural and functional roles of the elements identified in crustaceans, with those of the popular model organism Drosophila. This systematic review may contribute to identify the existing gaps in the knowledge of the Toll pathway in crustaceans and help to carry out further studies that may be useful for the management of viral diseases.
Making small firms happy? The heterogeneous effect of trade facilitation measures
Authors: Fontagné Lionel , Orefice Gianluca , Piermartini Roberta 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe different facets of trade facilitation may impact heterogeneously exporters of different size and productivity. Using the cross‐sectional variation in procedures at the border, we identify how red tape affects trade through the extensive and/or the intensive margin and show that small and large exporters are affected differently. We observe that while information availability benefits both small and large exporters, other measures like advance ruling, appeal procedures and the automation of border formalities tend to favor large exporters. This result suggests that trade facilitation policies affect exporters through channels other than simply the fixed or variable cost component of the red tape barriers. Beyond affecting the size and composition of trade flows, uncertainty about the conditions of crossing borders plays an important role in shaping the demography of exporters across different destinations.
Taxing Flaring and the Politics of State Methane Release Policy
Authors: Rabe Barry , Kaliban Claire , Englehart Isabel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMethane is a potent greenhouse gas but it has received strikingly less social science attention than carbon dioxide in examining climate policy options. This article explores American state policy toward methane that is not captured and instead released into the atmosphere during oil and gas production. It examines whether states have adopted market‐based approaches to price methane flaring and venting through long‐standing severance taxes on natural gas extraction. Such taxes exist in all but one production state, routinely materializing after prolonged adoption battles. Most states have maintained methane release exemptions from these taxes through either statute or administrative discretion between 1960 and 2000, although a few have allowed some form of pricing. Two state legislatures have explored applying these taxes to methane releases on multiple occasions since 2000, amid expanded shale era output and growing public concern about climate and air quality impacts. Steadfast production industry opposition, rather than technical feasibility, emerges as the primary factor leading to rejection in these cases. Even when framing releases as a conventional air contaminant or as permanent loss of a nonrenewable natural resource, states largely continue to exempt flared or vented methane from severance taxes.
Consolidation in dialysis Markets—Causes, consequences, and the role of policy
Authors: Saeed Maryam K. , Ho Vivian , Erickson Kevin F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe dialysis industry is one of the most highly concentrated healthcare sectors in the United States. Despite decades of growth in the number of patients with end‐stage renal disease and in the size of dialysis markets, two large dialysis organizations currently care for more than two‐thirds of the dialysis population. Economies of scale, bargaining leverage with suppliers and private insurers, barriers to entry, and government regulations have contributed to highly concentrated dialysis markets by conferring advantages to larger organizations. Consolidated dialysis markets have coincided with both positive and negative trends in healthcare costs and outcomes. Costs per patient receiving dialysis have grown at a slower rate than per capita Medicare costs, while access to dialysis care remains available across a wide socioeconomic range. Mortality rates have declined despite a sicker dialysis patient population. Yet, concerns remain about the cost and quality of dialysis care. Evidence suggests that chain ownership, for profit status, and less market competition may negatively impact health outcomes. Future policies and innovations involving kidney health may temporarily disrupt consolidation. However, if the underlying mechanisms that contributed to past consolidation persist, dialysis markets may remain highly concentrated over the long term.
Epidemiology and risk factors associated with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients after 6‐month trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis: A case‐control study
Authors: Park Se Yoon , Jung Joo Hee , Kwon Hyunwook , Shin Sung , Kim Young Hoon , Chong Yong‐Phil , Lee Sang‐Oh , Choi Sang‐Ho , Kim Yang Soo , Woo Jun Hee , Kim Sung‐Han , Han Duck Jong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), and prophylaxis with trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX) is recommended. The aim of this study was to investigate incidence and risk factors for PCP in KTRs after 6‐month TMP‐SMX prophylaxis.MethodsWe conducted a case‐control study of patients with PCP who received 6‐month PCP prophylaxis with TMP‐SMX after kidney transplantation (KT). In cases of rejection, PCP prophylaxis was provided for six additional months after anti‐rejection therapy. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was not considered an indication for PCP prophylaxis due to concerns of nephrotoxicity associated with TMP‐SMX.ResultsAmong 3941 kidney or pancreas‐kidney transplant recipients, 67 (1.7%) developed PCP after discontinuing TMP‐SMX. A total of 47 patients with KT PCP and 94 controls were included. Duration of PCP prophylaxis was similar between cases and controls (median 6 months, P = .53). In multivariate analysis, rejection (OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.4‐11.1) and CMV infection (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.0‐5.8) were independently associated with PCP development after TMP‐SMX. Rejection or CMV infection was observed in 70% of patients with PCP. Time to PCP development after rejection (median [IQR] 6 [5‐19] months) was slightly shorter than after CMV infection (median [IQR] 9 [5‐12] months; P = .18).ConclusionPost‐prophylaxis PCP occurred in <2% of KTRs, and about two‐thirds of these experienced rejection or CMV infection. These data suggest that at least 6 to 9‐month additional chemoprophylaxis may be needed to prevent PCP in KTRs with transplant rejection or CMV infection.
Preclinical safety assessment of pathogen reduced red blood cells treated with amustaline and glutathione
Authors: North Anne K. , Mufti Nina , Sullivan Theresa , Corash Laurence 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe nucleic acid targeted pathogen reduction (PR) system utilizing amustaline (S‐303) and glutathione (GSH) is designed to inactivate blood‐borne pathogens and leukocytes in red blood cell concentrates (PR‐RBCC). Inactivation is attained after amustaline intercalates and forms covalent nucleic acid adducts preventing replication, transcription, and translation. After pathogen inactivation, amustaline spontaneously hydrolyzes to S‐300, the primary negatively charged reaction product; amustaline is below quantifiable levels in PR‐RBCC. GSH quenches free unreacted amustaline.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe genotoxic and carcinogenic potential of PR‐RBCC, the reaction by‐products, and S‐300 were assessed in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines and performed in compliance with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) good laboratory practice standards, 21 CFR Part 58. in vitro bacterial reverse mutagenicity and chromosomal aberration assays were performed with and without exogenous S9 metabolic activation, and in in vivo clastogenicity and carcinogenic assays using validated murine models.RESULTSPR‐RBCCs were not genotoxic in vitro and in vivo and were non‐carcinogenic in p53+/− transgenic mice transfused over 26 weeks. Estimated safety margins for human exposure ranged from >90 to >36 fold for 2 to 5 PR‐RBCCs per day, respectively. PR‐RBCCs and S‐300 did not induce chromosome aberration in the in vivo murine bone marrow micronucleus assay at systemically toxic doses.CONCLUSIONSPR‐RBCCs did not demonstrate genotoxicity in vitro or in vivo and were not carcinogenic in vivo. These studies support the safety of PR‐RBCCs and suggest that there is no measurable genotoxic hazard associated with transfusion of PR‐RBCCs.
Adjuvant medical therapy provides no therapeutic benefit in the treatment of dogs with low‐grade mast cell tumours and early nodal metastasis undergoing surgery
Authors: Marconato Laura , Stefanello Damiano , Kiupel Matti , Finotello Riccardo , Polton Gerry , Massari Federico , Ferrari Roberta , Agnoli Chiara , Capitani Ombretta , Giudice Chiara , Aresu Luca , Vasconi Maria Elisabetta , Rigillo Antonella , Sabattini Silvia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLymph node (LN) metastasis is a negative prognostic factor in dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumours (cMCTs). While elective lymphadenectomy of metastatic LNs improves outcome, the benefit of adjuvant medical therapy in dogs with early metastatic (HN2) LNs is debated. The aim of this retrospective multicentre study was to evaluate the therapeutic benefit of adjuvant medical therapy following surgical removal of the primary low‐grade cMCT (Patnaik grade 1‐2 and Kiupel low‐grade) and lymphadenectomy of HN2 LNs by analysing survival rates and patterns of recurrence. Seventy‐three dogs were included: 42 received adjuvant medical treatment (chemotherapy and/or kinase inhibitors), and 31 did not. The median follow‐up time for medically treated dogs was 619 days: two experienced local recurrence, three nodal relapse and four distant relapse. For dogs undergoing surgery only, the median follow‐up time was 545 days. None of them experienced local recurrence, nodal, or distant relapse. Time to progression was significantly shorter in dogs receiving adjuvant medical treatment (P = .021). A similar tendency was observed for overall survival (P = .056). The current study shows that dogs with low‐grade cMCTs, that undergo surgical excision of the primary tumour and elective lymphadenectomy of the HN2 regional LN harbour a good prognosis. The use of adjuvant medical treatment in these dogs does not seem to provide any benefit in terms of progression and survival.