bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-situ identification of material batches using machine learning for machining operations
Authors: Lutz Benjamin , Kisskalt Dominik , Mayr Andreas , Regulin Daniel , Pantano Matteo , Franke Jörg 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn subtractive manufacturing, differences in machinability among batches of the same material can be observed. Ignoring these deviations can potentially reduce product quality and increase manufacturing costs. To consider the influence of the material batch in process optimization models, the batch needs to be efficiently identified. Thus, a smart service is proposed for in-situ material batch identification. This service is driven by a supervised machine learning model, which analyzes the signals of the machine’s control, especially torque data, for batch classification. The proposed approach is validated by cutting experiments with five different batches of the same specified material at various cutting conditions. Using this data, multiple classification models are trained and optimized. It is shown that the investigated batches can be correctly identified with close to 90% prediction accuracy using machine learning. Out of all the investigated algorithms, the best results are achieved using a Support Vector Machine with 89.0% prediction accuracy for individual batches and 98.9% while combining batches of similar machinability.
First among equals: co-hyperintensionality for structured propositions
Authors: Jespersen Bjørn 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTheories of structured meanings are designed to generate fine-grained meanings, but they are also liable toovergeneratestructures, thus drawing structural distinctions without a semantic difference. I recommend the proliferation of very fine-grained structures, so that we are able to draw any semantic distinctions we think we might need. But, in order to contain overgeneration, I argue we should insert some degree of individuation between logical equivalence and structural identity based onstructural isomorphism. The idea amounts to forming an equivalence class of different structures according to one or more formal criteria and designating a privileged element as a representative of all the elements, i.e., afirst among equals. The proposed method helps us to a cluster of notions ofco-hyperintensionality. As a test case, I consider a recent objection levelled against the act theory of structured propositions. I also respond to an objection against my methodology.
A Walnut Diet in Combination with Enriched Environment Improves Cognitive Function and Affects Lipid Metabolites in Brain and Liver of Aged NMRI Mice
Authors: Esselun Carsten , Dilberger Benjamin , Silaidos Carmina V. , Koch Elisabeth , Schebb Nils Helge , Eckert Gunter P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis in vivo study aimed to test if a diet enriched with 6% walnuts alone or in combination with physical activity supports healthy ageing by changing the oxylipin profile in brain and liver, improving motor function, cognition, and cerebral mitochondrial function. Female NMRI mice were fed a 6% walnut diet starting at an age of 12 months for 24 weeks. One group was additionally maintained in an enriched environment, one group without intervention served as control. After three months, one additional control group of young mice (3 weeks old) was introduced. Motor and cognitive functions were measured using Open Field, Y-Maze, Rotarod and Passive Avoidance tests. Lipid metabolite profiles were determined using RP-LC-ESI(-)-MS/MS in brain and liver tissues of mice. Cerebral mitochondrial function was characterized by the determination of ATP levels, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial respiration. Expression of genes involved with mito- and neurogenesis, inflammation, and synaptic plasticity were determined using qRT-PCR. A 6% walnut-enriched diet alone improved spatial memory in a Y-Maze alternation test (p < 0.05) in mice. Additional physical enrichment enhanced the significance, although the overall benefit was virtually identical. Instead, physical enrichment improved motor performance in a Rotarod experiment (p* < 0.05) which was unaffected by walnuts alone. Bioactive oxylipins like hydroxy-polyunsaturated fatty acids (OH-PUFA) derived from linoleic acid (LA) were significantly increased in brain (p** < 0.01) and liver (p*** < 0.0001) compared to control mice, while OH-PUFA of α-linolenic acid (ALA) could only be detected in the brains of mice fed with walnuts. In the brain, walnuts combined with physical activity reduced arachidonic acid (ARA)-based oxylipin levels (p < 0.05). Effects of walnut lipids were not linked to mitochondrial function, as ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial respiration were unaffected. Furthermore, common markers for synaptic plasticity and neuronal growth, key genes in the regulation of cytoprotective response to oxidative stress and neuronal growth were unaffected. Taken together, walnuts change the oxylipin profile in liver and brain, which could have beneficial effects for healthy ageing, an effect that can be further enhanced with an active lifestyle. Further studies may focus on specific nutrient lipids that potentially provide preventive effects in the brain.
The effect of assembly and static unbalance on reaction wheel assembly bearing harmonics
Authors: Hodge Cameron , Stabile Alessandro , Aglietti Guglielmo , Richardson Guy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReaction wheel assemblies (RWA) are well-known major sources of microvibrations, whilst they have been studied thoroughly and many disturbance types can be reasonably modelled, bearing disturbances and how their amplitude evolves with the RWA rotational speed are not at the same level of confidence. Whilst studies have been carried out, many of the test rigs used do not truly show the bearing harmonic development, either due to interference from other disturbances such as structural modes or are not representative of an RWA. This study aims to design and validate a test rig which alleviates those issues by moving the resonance frequencies out of a range of interest and isolating the motor disturbances. Using this test rig, it was possible to observe many engine order development without any inference and start to investigate some of the effects some manufacturing parameters can have. The two studied and discussed in this paper were the effect of reassembly and static unbalance. Investigating the microvibration signature at different levels ranging from a top-down to individual harmonics it showed a clear significant variation between disturbance amplitudes.
Schülerperspektiven auf Ergänzungsstunden als Maßnahme individueller Förderung
Authors: Rott David 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIndividuelle Förderung gilt als Merkmal guten Unterrichts, wobei individuelle Förderung als Sammelbegriff zu verstehen ist und in bildungswissenschaftlichen, bildungspolitischen und schulpraktischen Auseinandersetzungen unterschiedlich genutzt wird. Grundsätzlich ist darauf zu verweisen, dass individuelle Förderung unterbeforscht ist. Dies gilt sowohl zur Umsetzung individueller Förderung im Allgemeinen wie auch zu konkreten schulbezogenen Maßnahmen im Speziellen. Mit dieser Studie wird die Maßnahme ‚Ergänzungsstunden‘ (NRW) untersucht. Die ‚Ergänzungsstunden‘ sind an nordrhein-westfälischen Gymnasien Pflichtstunden, die verstärkt zur individuellen Förderung genutzt werden sollen und an den einzelnen Schulen unterschiedlich eingesetzt werden können. Während die Perspektive der Lehrpersonen auf individuelle Förderung bereits untersucht wurde, liegen Daten von Schüler/innen nur in sehr geringem Maße vor. So ist nicht beforscht, wie Schüler/innen Maßnahmen individueller Förderung wahrnehmen und wie sie diese bewerten. Dies erscheint aber insofern als relevant, als dass Schüler/innen wichtige Impulse für Schulentwicklungsprozesse unterstützen können, wenn sie in die Evaluation solcher Angebote einbezogen werden. Diese Studie stellt einen ersten Versuch dar, diese Forschungslücke zu schließen. 62 Unter- und Mittelstufen-Schüler/innen (Jahrgangsstufe 6–8) eines Gymnasiums wurden in zehn Gruppendiskussionen zur Umsetzung der ‚Ergänzungsstunden‘ an ihrer Schule befragt. Die Daten wurden mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Die Daten verdeutlichen, dass die Befragten die Angebote individueller Förderung differenziert einschätzen können. Aus den Äußerungen der Schüler/innen lassen sich Impulse für die Schul- und Unterrichtsentwicklung ableiten, aber auch Implikationen für die weitere schulische und wissenschaftliche Praxis beschreiben.
Targeting COVID-19 prevention in hemodialysis facilities is associated with a drastic reduction in central venous catheter-related infections
Authors: Heidempergher Marco , Sabiu Gianmarco , Orani Maria Antonietta , Tripepi Giovanni , Gallieni Maurizio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
In hemodialysis (HD) patients, central venous catheter (CVC) related bloodstream infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Hygienic precautions are a key aspect of dialysis care for infection prevention, but they are not sufficient to completely avoid the occurrence of CVC related infections. During the COVID-19 pandemic, hygienic precautions for preventing viral transmission have been markedly reinforced. We evaluated their effects on CVC-related infection rates.

Methods
An observational retrospective study was conducted in two hemodialysis units of the same institution treating 215 chronic hemodialysis patients, 71 of whom are currently (33%) using a CVC. In the CVC cohort, we compared data on catheter-related infection rates during the maximum spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy (February to May 2020) with data from the same period of the previous year and with the whole of 2019.

Results
In 2019, we recorded a catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) rate of 1.19 (95% CI 0.81–1.68)/1000 days [2.07 (95% CI 1.12–3.52)/1000 days in the Feb-May 2019 period] and a tunnel and exit-site infection rate of 0.82 (95% CI 0.51–1.24)/1000 days [1.04 (95% CI 0.41–2.15)/1000 days in the Feb–May 2019 period]. Infection rates drastically decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, with just one catheter-related bloodstream infection being recorded. Catheter-related bloodstream infection rates showed a significant reduction to 0.20 (95% CI 0.01–0.9)/1000 days (p < 0.05 and p < 0.005 compared to 2019 and to Feb-May 2019, respectively) and a non-significant reduction in tunnel and exit-site infections to 0.6 (95% CI 0.15–1.6)/1000 days.

Conclusions
The observed 91% reduction in catheter-related bloodstream infections compared to the same period in 2019 [IRR 0.09 (95% CI 0.002–0.64)] and the 83% reduction compared to the whole of 2019 [IRR 0.17 (95% CI 0.004–1.009)] suggest that a stricter implementation of hygienic precautions in the dialysis setting can markedly improve the problem of CVC-related infections.

Graphic abstract
Statistical methods and models based on quality of experience distributions
Authors: Seufert Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDue to biased assumptions on the underlying ordinal rating scale in subjective Quality of Experience (QoE) studies, Mean Opinion Score (MOS)-based evaluations provide results, which are hard to interpret and can be misleading. This paper proposes to consider the full QoE distribution for evaluating, reporting, and modeling QoE results instead of relying on MOS-based metrics derived from results based on ordinal rating scales. The QoE distribution can be represented in a concise way by using the parameters of a multinomial distribution without losing any information about the underlying QoE ratings, and even keeps backward compatibility with previous, biased MOS-based results. Considering QoE results as a realization of a multinomial distribution allows to rely on a well-established theoretical background, which enables meaningful evaluations also for ordinal rating scales. Moreover, QoE models based on QoE distributions keep detailed information from the results of a QoE study of a technical system, and thus, give an unprecedented richness of insights into the end users’ experience with the technical system. In this work, existing and novel statistical methods for QoE distributions are summarized and exemplary evaluations are outlined. Furthermore, using the novel concept of quality steps, simulative and analytical QoE models based on QoE distributions are presented and showcased. The goal is to demonstrate the fundamental advantages of considering QoE distributions over MOS-based evaluations if the underlying rating data is ordinal in nature.
Drought and Property Prices: Empirical Evidence from Provinces of Iran
Authors: Farzanegan Mohammad Reza , Feizi Mehdi , Gholipour Hassan F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study examines the effect of drought on housing and residential land prices in Iran. Using panel data covering the 2006–2015 period for 31 provinces of Iran and applying a dynamic system and the difference Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) methods, we find that an increase in the balance of water (reducing the severity of drought) within provinces has a positive effect on property prices. Our results are robust, controlling for province fixed effects, time trend, and a set of control variables that may affect property prices.
Impacts of electricity generation on air pollution: evidence from data on air quality index and six criteria pollutants
Authors: Hu Fengping , Guo Yongming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe estimate impacts of electricity generation (total power output and thermal power output) on air pollution (air quality index (AQI) and six criteria air pollutants), with a particular emphasis on industry and city heterogeneity. To identify this relationship, we combine detailed monthly data on electricity production, air pollution, economy and weather for a six-year period in four biggest cities in China. Our fundamental identification strategy employs Ordinary Least Squares Regression of panel data with city–month fixed effects and addresses confounding variations between electricity generation and economy or weather conditions. We find that one unit (100 million kwh) increase in power output is associated with a 0.3-unit (representing value) increase in AQI, nearly all of which is driven by increases in thermal power output. We notice a robust positive impact of increased electricity generation (specifically thermal power output) on PM2.5 and PM10, also positive relationships between increases in other power output (total power output minus thermal power output) and SO2, NO2, while changes in power output have no statistically significant effect on CO and O3. The heterogeneous pollution effects of electricity generation are present in specific cities with different weather conditions. The results indicate that a reduction policy in power industry differentiating among cities might enhance effectiveness by considering each city’s particular backgrounds, a previously overlooked aspect associated with pollution reduction policies.
Combining imaging and laparoscopy for the staging of peritoneal metastases: A retrospective cohort pilot study
Authors: Kefleyesus Amaniel , Dromain Clarisse , Clerc Daniel , Teixeira-Farinha Hugo , Demartines Nicolas , Hübner Martin 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Peritoneal cancer (PC) staging work-up is challenging. Current gold standard is the Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) performed during laparotomy (LT). Accurate and less invasive alternatives, such as computed tomography (CT) or diagnostic laparoscopy (LS), are needed to avoid unnecessary laparotomies. Despite inherent limitations, these modalities have improved over time. Combination of both CT and laparoscopy for PCI evaluation might come close to laparotomy.

Objective:
To analyze the accuracy, agreement and reliability of combined PCI (PCICT+LS) evaluation of CT (PCICT) and laparoscopy (PCILS) compared to laparotomy (PCILT) in patients eligible for cytoreductive surgery.

Methods:
A single-center retrospective pilot study of consecutive patients with PC irrespective of etiology, between February 2017 and May 2019. All included patients had sequential PCI staging with CT, laparoscopy and laparotomy. PCI was prospectively documented via a web-based form. Agreement and reliability were analyzed, using weighted-kappa and intraclass correlation respectively (ICC).

Results:
Out of 220 patients, 25 had all three modalities of staging. Accuracy of PCICT+LS (76%) was highest between the 3 modalities in middle-PCI group (PCI 10 to 20), which was the group with the lowest accuracy (44–67%). Compared to laparotomy, reliability of combined CT + LS was the highest (ICC 0.91; 95% CI 0.81–0.96; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The combination of CT with laparoscopy as combined PCI displayed the highest overall accuracy observed by group, as well as excellent reliability. CT is currently the preoperative reference imaging which may be enhanced by laparoscopy as a mandatory procedure selection of eligible candidates for CRS.

Highlights
A novel cleanliness control method for disk amplifiers
Authors: Li Yangshuai , Wang Bingyan , Zhang Panzheng , Zhang Yanli , Zhang Yanfeng , Zhou Shenlei , Ma Weixin , Zhu Jianqiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As the key part for energy amplification of high-power laser systems, disk amplifiers must work in an extremely clean environment. Different from the traditional cleanliness control scheme of active intake and passive exhaust (AIPE), a new method of active exhaust and passive intake (AEPI) is proposed in this paper. Combined with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology, through the optimization design of the sizes, shapes, and locations of different outlets and inlets, the turbulence that is unfavorable to cleanliness control is effectively avoided in the disk amplifier cavity during the process of AEPI. Finally, the cleanliness control of the cavity of the disk amplifier can be realized just by once exhaust. Meanwhile, the micro negative pressure environment in the amplifier cavity produced during the exhaust process reduces the requirement for sealing. This method is simple, time saving, gas saving, efficient, and safe. It is also suitable for the cleanliness control of similar amplifiers.
OP456 The Format And Language Consistency Of Guidance At The National Institute Of Health And Care Excellence (NICE)
Authors: Barnacle Gemma 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionNICE is undergoing transformational change aiming to improve consistency across the different types of guidance and to bring together related guidance in a more accessible way (NICE Connect). Currently, NICE publishes myriad guidance with different language and formats, which may lead to stakeholder confusion and gaps in the provision of information. Here, the consistency of the format and language of a subset of NICE guidance was assessed to understand where and how guidance could be better aligned. This preliminary investigation is important to determine the extent of inconsistencies and whether a more detailed analysis is warranted.MethodsTen randomly selected pieces of guidance published (or updated) April 2018 – March 2019 from three programs were assessed (two pieces of guidance or ten percent of guidance per program, whichever was greatest): Medical Technologies (n = 2); Diagnostics (n = 2); Technology Appraisals (n = 6). Guidance was assessed on aspects listed on the guidance webpage (for example, summary type, additional sections, links to other resources, format) and the guidance pdf (for example, table of contents and language). Observed data and trends are described.ResultsThe webpage summary and additional sections were consistent within and between programs. Additional information on the webpages showed themes which are not currently standardized (for example, guidance history). In the table of contents only one section was consistently included in all guidance, and the terminology was not consistent across different types of guidance. The format used to present evidence differed between programs (webpage tab or within the pdf), as did terminology for the external assessment groups.ConclusionsThese descriptive data highlight inter- and intra-program inconsistencies in the content and format of NICE guidance, especially in the guidance table of contents and the format and language regarding the provision of evidence. These inconsistencies contribute to the inaccessibility of NICE guidance, making it potentially difficult for patients and professionals to understand guidance, conditions and treatments as a whole.A more comprehensive analysis is warranted to extend and validate these conclusions. Future research of this kind could constructively direct the resources and priorities of NICE transformational projects, and could lead to an improvement in the accessibility of NICE Guidance.
OP608 The Diagnostic Accuracy Of Quantitative Flow Ratio In Myocardial Ischemia Of Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Huang Guo , Xue Di 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionQuantitative flow ratio (QFR) is a novel approach to derive fractional flow reserve (FFR) from coronary angiography. QFR based on 3-dimensional reconstruction of angiographic images assesses the significance of coronary artery disease (CAD) without using an invasive pressure wire. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of quantitative flow ratio in myocardial ischemia of coronary artery disease.MethodsA meta-analysis was conducted of published research articles on diagnostic accuracy of QFR between January 2016 and September 2019 in the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform and China Bio-medicine Database. Statistical analysis was performed with software Meta-Disc 1.4 and Stata 12.0, and the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was drawn to evaluate accuracy of the method.ResultsA total of 11 articles were retreived, including 1,782 patients and 2,054 vessels. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio for quantitative flow ratio respectively, were 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85-0.89), 0.89 (95%CI: 0.87–0.91), 7.51(95%CI: 6.40–8.82), 0.15 (95%CI: 0.10–0.23), 54.18 (95%CI: 34.09–86.12), and the pooled AUC was 0.9458.ConclusionsSeveral limitations should be considered when interpreting the findings of this meta-analysis. First, despite the extensive literature search, the number of included studies was small; however, the number of patients and vessels enrolled was satisfactory, thereby decreasing type II error. Furthermore, data acquisition is not comprehensive enough because the language of the literature search was limited to Chinese and English. Despite these limitations, our study suggests with a definition of ischemia as FFR ≤ 0.8, the QFR obtains high diagnostic efficacy in myocardial ischemia of CAD. It can be used as a non-invasive novel method to screen CAD patients with myocardial ischemia.