bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of Pyrene from Aqueous Solution Using Fe-based Metal-organic Frameworks
Authors: Zango Zakariyya Uba , Sambudi Nonni Soraya , Jumbri Khairulazhar , Abu Bakar Noor Hana Hanif , Saad Bahruddin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), MIL-88(Fe) and NH2-MIL-88(Fe) were synthesized using microwave-assisted solvothermal technique. BET analysis has shown the porous nature of the MOFs, possessing surface areas with corresponding pore volumes of 1240 m2g−1 and 0.7 m3 g−1, 941 m2 g−1 and 0.6 m3 g−1 for MIL-88(Fe) and NH2-MIL-88(Fe), respectively. Other characterizations were also conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powdered X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The MOFs were evaluated for application as adsorbents for the removal of pyrene (PYR) in aqueous solution. The removal efficiency achieved by MIL-88(Fe) was 99.7% while for NH2-MIL-88(Fe) was 96.0% within 40 minutes. Both MOFs has shown good removal of the PYR even after 5 consecutive uses. The adsorption isotherm was studied and favoured more by the Langmuir model, while the kinetics was found to follow pseudo-second-order model. The process was thermodynamically exothermic and spontaneous. Thus, the MOFs studied exhibited favourable features as potential adsorbents for the removal of PYR in wastewater.
Heavy Metal Concentration Assessment Using Transplanted Lichen Usnea Misaminensis at Pasir Gudang, Johor
Authors: Abas Azlan , Din Laily 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Heavy metals were produced by motor vehicles and industry as part of rapid urbanization effects. The objective of this study is to assess the concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cr) in Pasir Gudang, Johor using lichen transplanted method. Samples of Usnea misaminensis have been transplanted into the metropolitan climate. The lichens were collected from the National Park of Endau Rompin, Johor. It’s a remote area. Fifteen sampling sites were chosen and heavy metals were exposed to lichen transplants at these stations for approximately 4-6 weeks. Exposed lichens have been studied using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to assess the concentration of heavy metals in each sample. One-way ANOVA has also been used to check that there is major difference in the concentration of heavy metals in Pasir Gudang, Johor. The test revealed that the maximum concentration of iron (Fe) was 84.43 μg / g and the highest concentration of chromium (Cr) is 0.66 µg/g. A mathematical One-way ANOVA study found that there is a substantial difference between the heavy metal concentration with a P-value of 0.0000 < 0.05. The Tukey study has showed that Fe has slightly higher amounts relative to the others. This result suggest that the growing number of passenger cars would often raise the accumulation of heavy metals in the environment. Transplanted lichens may be an effective method to measuring air quality in the metropolitan region of Malaysia.
Removal of Oil and Grease in Wastewater using Palm Kernel Shell Activated Carbon
Authors: Ramli Aleeya Natasha , Ghazi Rozidaini Mohd 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Oil and grease wastewater is produced from many sources such as industry and municipal. The discharge of oil and grease in wastewater system causes bad effect towards the environment and wastewater system itself. Palm Kernel Shells (PKS), an agricultural waste was chosen to see its ability in removing oil and grease in wastewater. The PKS was carbonized at 400 °C, activated with KOH and carbonized again at 800 °C. The parameter affecting oil and grease removal such as different oil and grease concentration, contact time and flow rate were studied. The oil and grease removal study was conducted by the column adsorption method and followed by the gravimetric method to identify the remaining oil and grease. PKS activated carbon shows maximum removal of 99.89% at flow rate 1mL/min after 6 hours contact time with 5%w/v initial concentration of wastewater. SEM micrograph of PKS activated carbon after adsorption of oil and grease shows that oil and grease has covered the pores of the surface of the PKS activated carbon. Overall, the PKS activated carbon has the ability in removing oil and grease which indicates that PKS can be used as a alternative treatment in removing oil and grease.
Removal of Emulsified Oil in Wastewater by Corn Cob Carbon
Authors: Moi Fong Yuk , Ghazi Rozidaini Mohd , Mohd Alias Mohd Zazmiezi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Oil pollution is a serious environmental concern which is caused by rapid industrial development around the world. In this study, corn cob carbon was used as a natural adsorbent for emulsified oil wastewater remediation. Three parameters that were studied include contact time, dosage of corn cob carbon and concentration of emulsified oil wastewater. The physical and chemical structures of raw and corn cob carbon were characterized. The corn cob carbon showed good efficiency in emulsified oil removal with a percentage of 96% at 2 hours contact time, 1 g of corn cob carbon and 5% of emulsified oil wastewater concentration. The apparent porosity of corn cob carbon was the reason for the sinking of emulsified oil particles absorbed on the surface of corn cob carbon. TGA shown 3.60% and 58.17% of mass loss within the first and second thermal decomposition, respectively. The functional groups of corn cob samples are C-H, -C≡C-, C=C, -C-H and C-O. SEM analysis showed that pores were found in the corn cob carbon and a layer of oil was present on its surface after the adsorption process. Therefore, corn cob carbon could be considered as an alternative to remove emulsified oil in wastewater due to its good adsorption capacity and low secondary pollution.
COD Reduction in Industrial Wastewater Using Activated Carbon Derived from Wodyetia Bifurcata Fruit
Authors: Subki Noor Syuhadah , Akhir Najiehah Mohd , Abdul Halim Nurul Syazana , Nik Yusoff Nik Raihan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Industrial wastewater that being discharge without any prior treatment has become one of the major sources that contributes to pollution in water bodies. Textile industry specifically have great amount of chemicals input which eventually affect the value of acceptable conditions for discharge of industrial effluent especially the chemical oxygen demand (COD) value. Thus, this research was carried out to determine the efficiency of activated carbon prepared from Wodyetia bifurcata fruit or commonly known as foxtail palm fruit to reduce COD value in industrial wastewater. The morphology and funtional group of the prepared activated carbon was done using SEM and FT-IR. The effect of contact time in COD reduction experiments was done at 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes. The results showed that the optimum reduction of COD value in textile industry wastewater is 65.31% at 90 minutes. There for it is proved that activated carbon prepared from Wodyetia bifurcata fruit have a potential to reduce COD value in industrial wastewater.
Isolation and Identification of Bacteria from Phytoremediation Plant of Heliconia psittacorum
Authors: Baharuddin Mior Izzuddin , Kamarul Baharin Syahirah Naailah , Rak Aweng Eh , Hanaphi Roziana 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Phytoremediation is a technology that uses plants to degrade, assimilate, metabolize, or decompose organic matter and pollutants. Critical criteria for plants used for phytoremediation include economic benefits, harvest management, and side-use. This cost-effective plant-based recovery utilizes exceptional plant and microorganism capabilities to focus on environmental elements and compounds and metabolize various molecules in their tissues to decompose elements such as heavy metals, toxic substances, and organic pollutants are the main targets. This study aims to analyze the concentration of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and identify the bacteria using biochemical assays and commercialized API Kit (Biomerieux, France). Three plant samples of Heliconia psittacorum were analyzed for their root and soil sample which showed the concentration of Gram-positive bacteria is higher compared to Gram-negative bacteria which ranged from 1.9 x 108 to 3.95 x 109, while gram-negative bacteria ranged from 2.25 x 107 to 2.95 x 109. Based on the identification test, seven bacteria were identified. Four gram-negative bacteria are Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Chryseobacterium indologenes which are generally bacteria that are common to the environment. Meanwhile, three gram-positive bacteria include Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus xylosus, and Staphylococcus lentus have a high impact on metal degradation in the effluent. In conclusion, the concentration of bacteria is relatively higher in the root area of the plant which dominated by gram-positive bacteria and the bacteria that were identified have a prominent effect on the phytoremediation process.
Sensory Evaluation of Appearance and Texture of Carrot Lip Balms Containing Virgin Coconut Oil
Authors: Mohammad Azmin Siti Nuurul Huda , Yosri Nurul Aqilah , Sulaiman Nur Solehin , Mat Nor Mohd Shukri , Abdullah Palsan Sannasi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Virgin coconut oil, VCO is rich with lauric acid, which acts as antimicrobial and antioxidant properties towards the skin. Meanwhile, a carrot is rich with vitamin A, C and E that help in nourishing and healing the skin. Studies on the combination of these two ingredients in lip balm formulation are minimal even though the beneficial effects of the VCO and carrot are well known. Thus, the main objective of this study is to use the sensory analysis as a tool to evaluate the attributes in term of appearance and texture of the developed lip balm product. The lip balm was formulated using natural ingredients such as beeswax, VCO, natural preservative and essential oils. One hundred volunteers evaluated the samples for smoothness, colour, odour, spreadability and overall acceptance. The stick formulation showed organoleptic properties with light orange colour, rose odour and uniform appearance. This sensory evaluation test used a hedonic scale from rank 1 to 5 (1-extremely dislike, 2-moderately dislike, 3-neither like or dislike, 4-moderately like, 5-extremely like). In this study, panellists tended to vote more on formulation with a high concentration of carrot. The formulated lip balm has acceptable characteristics in term of texture, especially in smoothness, colour, odour and spreadability. Overall, the panellists were satisfied with the product and agreed that the product has the potential to be marketed.
Identification of Stress-related Proteins during the Growth and Development of Piper nigrumL.
Authors: Hamdin Nur Ezzati , Hussain Hasnain , Chong Nikson Fatt-Ming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPiper nigrumL., also known as the pepper plant, produces pepper berries, which is a spice used worldwide. Changes in the natural environment have forced the plant to undergo acclimatization for plant growth. Consequently, un-adapted plants developed unhealthy, stunted growth, affecting the production of pepper berries, and thus, causing loss to agriculture. Proteomic analysis using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) coupled with mass spectrometry was used to compare the differentially expressed proteins between healthy and unhealthy pepper plants. The proteins were successfully extracted from the stems and roots ofP. nigrumand the two-dimensional protein profiles were compared. Two-dimensional analysis has indicated significant differences between the healthy and unhealthy parts with 41 and 25 differentially expressed proteins in the stems and roots respectively. A total of 10 differentially expressed proteins, characterized as unique (2) and over-expressed (8) proteins, from both plant parts were selected and sent for identification through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The unique and over-expressed proteins in the unhealthy stems were identified as stress-related small heat shock proteins (sHSPs). These proteins act as a chaperone to protect other proteins against a stressful environment for plant defence and adaptation. Meanwhile, over-expressed proteins from the roots were found to be peroxidase 5, malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial and gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase which are involved in oxidative stress, photosynthetic activity, and plant development, respectively. The findings of the differentially expressed proteins in this study, therefore, may create opportunities for further investigations of stress management control and help to improve plantation practices in the future.
Effect of Chengal Wood (Neobalanocarpus heimii) on Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Coconut Sap (Cocos nucifera)
Authors: Saidan Noor Hafizoh , Afiq Kartayasa Mohd Amir , Mohd Lokman Nur Ilham Atiqah , Ab Llah Nurul Fadzlin , Nor Maryana Mohamad , Mokhtar Seri Intan , Pahirul Zaman Khomaizon Abdul Kadir , Sidek Nik Marzuki , Ridzuan Hamil Mohd Shahrul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Coconut sap from Cocos nucifera could be obtained from the coconut flower, and it is quite a popular fresh drink in Malaysia. Due to microbial activity, coconut sap may change to alcoholic and acidic by spontaneous fermentation. Traditionally, chengal wood chips (Neobalanocarpus heimii) have been added in coconut sap to slow down the fermentation process. This research aims to evaluate the physicochemical properties (pH, total acidity, total soluble solids, colour), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and antimicrobial properties of coconut sap with and without the presence of chengal wood chips for ten weeks at 4 °C and 25 °C storage temperatures. The pH value of both samples was between 3.60 ± 0.01 to 6.66 ± 0.04. Total acidity ranged from 0.29 ± 0.11% to 4.26 ± 0.25%. Total soluble solids in both samples were around 8.3 ± 0.05 to 17.3 ± 0.05 °Brix. Colour analysis was also carried out based on the lightness value. Eighteen of VOCs were found in coconut sap with chengal wood chips versus 20 compounds without the chengal wood chips. Coconut sap with chengal wood chips kept at 4 °C had the lowest total plate count (1.19 x 104 - 1.78x106 CFU/mL) at week one until week seven, while total plate count of coconut sap without chengal wood chips was recorded as too numerous to count (TNTC) throughout the weeks. Chengal wood chip extracts inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus brasiliensis, as shown by a clear zone of inhibition. In conclusion, the presence of chengal wood in coconut sap has helped to slow down the fermentation process and inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Hence it can help to prolong the shelf life of coconut sap.
Paddy Farmers Perceived the Socio-Economic Impacts of Climate Change: A Case Study in Pasir Mas, Kelantan
Authors: Abas Muhamad Azahar , Mohd Fuad Asya Sabreena , Md Nor Amal Najihah , Mohd Amin Mohamad Faiz , Hassin Nor Hizami , Yusoff Abdul Hafidz , Awang Norrimi Rosaida , Wee Seow Ta 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Agricultural activity is very crucial in the rural area because it provides households with food and revenue besides contributing approximately 7.3% to the national gross domestic product (GDP) in Malaysia. Agriculture is the third driver of Malaysia’s economic growth. However, the phenomena of uncertain climate nowadays have caused agricultural activity such as paddy farming to be severely affected as the climate is the primary determinant of agricultural productivity. This study was conducted to identify the level of knowledge and awareness of the paddy farmers about climate change and its impact on the socio-economy in Pasir Mas, Kelantan. Besides that, the critical factors that influenced the awareness of the paddy farmers on the climate change impact also examined. A questionnaire was utilised as the primary research instrument, and the total number of respondents was 119. Descriptive and inferential analysis was adopted to analyse the primary data that was collected. The result shows that approximately 90% of the respondents have the knowledge and are aware of climate change and its impact on paddy plantation and production. This study also revealed that farming experience is the factor that influences the awareness of the paddy farmers about climate change. Besides that, the findings indicate that adaptation and mitigation measures are needed to avoid the future impact of climate change. Accordingly, the government as the policymaker and the local authority has the most crucial role in ensuring climate adaptation and mitigation at all levels of community.
Statistical Analysis of Home Greening Efforts in Young Generation
Authors: Toh Tien-Choon , Abdullah Arham , Goh Kai-Chen , Lew Yoke-Lian , Lee Chia-Kuang , Yong Felicia Yan-Yan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The young generation today inherited an environment that is badly polluted by many human activities. Environmental protection on the other hand is by far not sufficient in view of the fact that it simply could not cope with the pace of damage being done. Apparently leading a green lifestyle is no longer an option but a necessity primarily for the sake of the environment. Sustainability begins at home. The young generation was concerned for the reason that it was burdened with the responsibility to clean up the wastes left by previous generations, and also to restore the environment back to its original or near-original state. Hence, this research aimed to identify the levels of likelihood in home greening efforts in young generation. A questionnaire survey was implemented in Klang Valley, Malaysia to collect quantitative data through closed-ended questions from 88 young generation males and females residing in that region. Statistical analysis on the usable 85 responses showed that in general, participants were moderately likely to green their homes as the various measures to save the environment achieved reasonable high index values. Underlying structure of home greening efforts revealed 4 underlying dimensions: reduce usage, tap natural sources, adopt energy-efficient technologies, and use green products. This research provided an overview of current home greening efforts in young generation as a tool to promote more specific ways to save the environment while adding further insights to the literature on young generation in this era as consumers and citizens.
The benefits of Industry 4.0 on Sustainable Development and Malaysia’s Vision
Authors: Raj Patrick Ethe , Wahab Sazali Abdul , Mohd Zawawi Nur Fadiah , Awang Khairil Wahidin , Adeeba Wan Ibrahim Wan Suzana Aafanii 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study contributes further to the existing literature on Industry 4.0 and Sustainable Development (SD). This study reviews and summarizes the achievable goals of sustainable development in Malaysia using Industry 4.0. These achievements in utilizing Industry 4.0 relates directly to (1) maintenance, time and cost, (2) machinery stoppages and downtime, (3) inventory involving space and cost and (4) waste that has a relationship to (a) productivity, (b) quality, (c) resource use, (d) new technology and lead time market acceptance. Industry 4.0 does not relate individual by itself nor is a business discipline. Industry 4.0 can be clustered in the new in operational method, way, approach, or medium to represent in creation of a new platform to improved performance. The idea realization and formation of Industrial 4.0 emerged from the advancements and achievements of technology, communications, internet and controls. Industry 4.0 can contribute towards sustainability encouraging sustainable growth in social, environment, and economy contributing effectively towards Agenda 2030’s target of people, planet, prosperity, peace, and partnership. This paper contributes towards an extensive review on Industry 4.0 in the context of sustainable development globally and in a developing country, Malaysia. Additionally, this study concludes that the new measurement of performance can benefit and should be viewed from the perspective of sustainable development’s pillar of environment, social, and economy by including Industry 4.0 benefits.
Analysis of the Causes of Destruction of Two British Pillboxes in Bachok, Kelantan
Authors: Hashim Nur Athmar , Tengku Anuar Tengku Fauzan , Muhammad Siti Aisyah , Narayanen Suresh , Saidinr Mohktar , Kadir Nawwal Abdul , Shuhaimi Nur Farhana , Zain Adam Mad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The pillbox is a robust defence mechanism designed to protect a region or country from enemy attacks during a war. The British built several obvious pillboxes along the coast of Bachok, Kelantan in Malaya prior to the outbreak of the Second World War on December 7, 1941. In total, 9 pillboxes were built with a range of 0.99 km to 1.44 km. The purpose of this research is to determine the types of destruction of such pillboxes and their causes. This will provide archaeological documentation evidence for the historical event of World War II in Malaysia. The research methodologies applied were field surveys, participant observation, and area mapping. The results of field surveys showed that the pillboxes were destroyed by coastal erosion and human activities such as vandalism. The erosion has caused some of the structures to collapse. Local people also use the pillboxes as cages for farm animals such as goats and for dumping garbage. Moreover, there are cracks on parts of the pillbox walls. This paper focuses on two pillboxes at Kampung Ger and Kampung Kubang Kawah in Bachok. Documenting the preservation of these pillboxes serves as a source of reference for education and research, especially for future generations, as well as being a potential source of heritage tourism.
A Preliminary Study of Local Behaviour, Perceptions and Willingness to Pay Towards Better Water Quality in Pasir Mas, Tanah Merah, and Jeli, Malaysia
Authors: Awang Huda , Abdullah Palsan Sannasi , Abdul Latiff Zul Ariff 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Issues of water quality in Kelantan are often debated by various parties and have gained widespread media coverage. A study is carried out to assess behaviour of users in consuming water, their perceptions and willingness to pay for obtaining better water quality unit at home. Three districts in Kelantan namely; Pasir Mas, Tanah Merah, and Jeli were selected for the study. Questionnaire for 43 respondents in selected districts, interviewing local people, taking water samples, and sending for laboratory analysis were conducted. Shapiro-Wilk test and Spearman test were applied to analyse the results. It was shown that 46.5 % of the users for all drink have more than one source of water at home. Treated water supplied by Air Kelantan Sendirian Berhad was chosen by users as their main source for drinking. A closer look on users’ perception regarding water quality reveals that users were neutral about water quality from tap water (treated water supplied by local management) but they express optimistic on water’s quality from tube well. However, laboratory analysis of water from alternative sources proved otherwise. 83.7 % of 43 respondents willing to have water filter at home, and the willingness is proportional to the income of the user. These findings are essentials for household water management when multiple sources of water were used. This highlight the need study for water treatment industrial players to provide an efficient yet affordable water solution for the consumers.