bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations of Secondary Metabolites and antioxidant activity of methanolic, ethanolic and acetonic extracts of lichen (Xantoria parietina L.) from Northestern Algeria
Authors: Souria Bendeddouche Mansouria , Lahouaria Labga , Ouafia Liamani , Benouis Khedidja , Yahia Khelef , Abdelhamid El Haci Imad , Meriem Belarbi , Ibtissem Benghalem 
Published: December 2024

This study aims to evaluate Xantoria parietina (L.), a plant indigenous to north-western Algeria. We analyzed ethanolic (EE), methanolic (ME) and acetonic (EE) extracts obtained from the thalli and apothecia of this plant. Our main focus was on secondary metabolites, specifically polyphenols, flavonoids, condensed and hydrolysable tannins. We additionally assessed their antioxidant characteristics. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was employed to quantify the polyphenol content, while the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) reduction and FRAP (ferric ion-reducing power) tests were utilized to assess the free radical scavenging activity. The findings show that the methanolic and ethanolic extracts exhibited the highest concentration of polyphenols with 27.839 mg EAG/g (EE) and 27.55 mg EAG/g (ME). The results also indicated significant antioxidant activities in the DPPH compared to ascorbic acid and FRAP assay.In addition, the acetone extract of X. parietina exhibited a significant tannin content of 420.33 mg EC/g of condensed tannins, whereas the ethanolic extract displayed a lower content of 0.187 mg EC/g. This underscores the substantial presence of tannins in the plant. Analyses by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) confirmed the presence of quercetin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin narenginin. The findings suggest that X. parietina is a notable source of polyphenols, which are compounds recognized for their antioxidant characteristics.
Practical inverter design and control: implementation strategies and performance analysis
Authors: Mansour Zegrar , Houari Zerhouni M’hamed , Zohra Zerhouni Fatima , Nouh Zegrar 
Published: December 2024

Inverters are devices that convert electrical energy from DC to AC. They come in all shapes and sizes, ranging from low-power functions such as powering a PC back-up to powering a building during a power outage. Inverters come in many varieties, differing in price, power, efficiency, and application. Inverters can be single-phase or three-phase depending on the desired application. For each of them, there are two types of control: Full-wave control: the output signal is at the switching frequency and is generally close to a square signal. This type of inverter is used when the shape of the alternating signal is not essential. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control: this type of control allows the generation of a wave which, after filtering the switching, is sinusoidal with variable amplitude and frequency. This type of inverter is used to generate an alternating signal close to a sinusoid. This work is the design and implementation of a single-phase bridge inverter that can be used for static converters. The switch control is managed by a PIC and will cover all types of possible controls. The energy source can be a photovoltaic generator. To calculate the switching angles and store them in memory areas, a computer medium is used as a control tool. For this, we have chosen the PIC18F452 microcontroller. The latter was chosen based on its technical performance, its ease of implementation and its availability on the market. The experimental results are presented.
Hybridation of ResNet 50 and a customized CNN using transfert learning for pneumonia detection in CXR images
Authors: Monsif Boughenama , Mohammed Beladgham , Soumia Kerrache 
Published: December 2024

In this paper, to categorize and detect Pneumonia desease from a collection of chest X-ray picture samples, we propose a deep learning technique based on object detection, convolutional neural networks, and transfer learning. The proposed model is a hybridation of to models the pre-trained model (ResNet -50) and our designed architecture. The Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center in Guangzhou, China provided the chest X-ray dataset used in this study. There are 5,000 samples in the data set, with 1,583 healthy samples and 4,273 pneumonia samples). Preprocessing techniques such as Bilateral Equalization was also used to improve accuracy. Due to the imbalance of the data set, we adopted some training techniques to improve the learning process of the samples. This network achieved over 99% accuracy due to the proposed architecture that is based on a combination of two models. The pre-trained ResNet 50 as feature extractor and our designed convolutional neural network (CNN).
Research on the Development Path and Digital Transformation of Specialized, Refined, Unique and New "Little Giant" Enterprises
Authors: Guo Lei 
Published: December 2024

As China's economy gradually moves towards a stage of high-quality development, the traditional extensive development model is no longer suitable for this transformation demand, and there is an urgent need to shift towards a more intensive, efficient, and sustainable development mode. Innovation is not only the driving force for high-quality development but also the main means of balancing economic and social development. The development of specialized, refined, and innovative "little giant" enterprises can effectively promote technological self-reliance and support the inherent needs and practical paths for the high-quality development of the Chinese economy. Meanwhile, digital transformation is a necessary path for enterprises to adapt to market changes, improve operational efficiency, and innovate business models. Based on this, this article mainly analyzes the development path and digital transformation path design research of specialized and innovative "little giant" enterprises. After analysis, this article believes that the development of small and medium-sized enterprises can be divided into three stages: growth start-up, specialization and innovation, and the "little giant" stage. The three elements of efficiency change, innovation drive, and value co-creation are coordinated, and digital transformation is promoted in three stages. Suggestions are also made for the development of specialized, refined, and innovative "little giant" enterprises.
The effect of plant density and spraying with salicylic acid on the development, harvest, and chemical components of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds
Authors: Haider Sabeh Shanow Al-Jabir  , Abdulla Abdulazeez Abdulla  , Majid abdulhmeed Ibrahim  
Published: December 2024

The investigation was carried out through the 2023-2024 growing season in one of the fields of Abi Al-Khasib District, Basrah Governorate, Iraq. The experiment aimed to study the effect of three plant densities on growing the fenugreek cv. local (61111, 81481, and 122222 ha-1) and spraying fenugreek plants with three concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 20, and 40 mg L-1) on the growth, yield, and chemical components of the seeds. The factorial investigation was taken out according to the complete randomized block design, with three replications for each treatment. The data were analyzed using the variance analysis and compared between the treatments means according to the least significant difference test at the probability level of 5%. The most important results obtained can be summarized as follows: The density of 61,111 plants ha-1 was significantly superior to the total number of leaves, the number of branches, the fresh weight of the plant, the dry weight of the plant, the total number of flowers, the number of seeds per pod, the total number of seeds, the weight of one thousand seeds, the seed yield per plant, the concentration of total soluble carbohydrates, the percentage of protein, a fat and volatile oil in the leaves reached 314.4 leaves, 17.72 branches, 48,089 g, 7.942 g, 115.22 flowers, 15.55 pod seed-1, 1430.1 seed-1, 10,694 g seed-1, 15.296 g plant-1, 76.69 mg.g-1, 10.596.41 %, %, 3.592%, respectively. This treatment showed a significant decrease in height of the plant, the day numbers to flower opening, and total seed productivity of 61.34 cm, 69.0 days, and 0.934 tons ha-1, respectively. The high density of 122,222 ha-1 plants led to a significant increase in the total seed yield, which amounted to 1.732 tons ha-1. The plants sprayed with salicylic acid at 40 mg L-1 led to significantly increased plant height, several leaves, and branches, fresh and dry weight of the plant, the total number of flowers and pods, the weight of a thousand seeds, the concentration of total soluble carbohydrates, protein, fat and volatile oil in The seeds amounted to 64.87 cm, 334.8 leaves, 17.57 branches, 48.429 g, 7.942 g, 114.67 flowers 92.22 pods, 10.55 g, 74.14 mg g-1, 23.91%, 10.529%, 3.528 %, respectively. The same concentration of salicylic acid reduced the number of days for flowers to open by 68.0 days. Whilst, the 20 mg L-1 concentration showed a significant increase in yield per plant and total productivity of 15.14 g, 1.320 tons ha-1. The relations between the two investigation factors had a significant impact on most of the recorded characteristics.
Diachronie courte et pluridisciplinarité. Observer l’émergence d’une nouvelle discipline : l’exobiologie
Authors: Picton Aurélie , Condamines Anne 
Published: December 2024

Cet article propose d’alimenter la réflexion sur les dynamiques des fonctionnements linguistiques à l’œuvre en diachronie courte, dans un contexte de pluridisciplinarité. À travers l’exemple de l’exobiologie, une discipline émergente qui implique notamment la rencontre entre la chimie, la biologie, l’astronomie et la géologie, ce travail vise à identifier la nature des évolutions en jeu entre trois ouvrages publiés entre 2001 et 2009, en français, dans ce domaine. Dans une perspective de terminologie textuelle, trois sous-corpus diachroniques sont comparés de manière outillée, en collaboration étroite avec les spécialistes du domaine. La diachronie très courte choisie est particulièrement pertinente dans ce contexte : d’une part, l’exobiologie est une discipline qui évolue très rapidement ; d’autre part, il existe une conscience forte, chez les chercheuses et chercheurs impliqués en exobiologie, du besoin d’accompagner rapidement la réflexion interdisciplinaire. Cette étude permet donc de mettre en lumière les évolutions et fonctionnements repérables en corpus sur une si courte période, sur la pertinence de la diachronie courte pour l’étude des langues de spécialité, ainsi que l’implication des spécialistes dans ce type de contexte scientifique.
Hidden Potential of Aegle marmelos Fruit Peel
Authors: Bhat Manish , Renganathan Keerthi , Thinkal Kumar Harish Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Aegle marmelos or ‘Bael’ is a medicinal tree native to South Asia. The Bael fruit with the exception of the fruit peel, is extensively used in Ayurveda for its nutritive and healing properties. The present study aims to find the potential utilization and applications of the fruit peel by exploring its therapeutic value. Aegle marmelos fruit peel was subjected to extraction in methanol, ethanol, acetone and distilled water. Antimicrobial activity of the fruit peel extracts was tested against gram positive (B. subtilis, S. aureus) and gram negative (E. coli, K. pneumoniae) bacteria. MIC values were determined with strong evidence of broad-spectrum activity. DPPH assay revealed moderate, dose dependent antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phlobatannins, protein, cardiac glycosides and saponins. Nutritional and ash analysis of the fruit peel revealed presence of organic and inorganic compounds with dietary significance. GC-MS analysis of the fruit peel showed presence of various active phytoconstituents; notably ‘marmelosin’; a naturally present laxative agent in Aegle marmelos. Further research on the cytotoxic activity of the fruit peel maybe employed in the future, with superior extraction and purification strategies
Цикличность в отношениях России и СССР с Китаем: к вопросу о систематизации учебного материала при использовании проектного метода в школьном курсе истории
Authors: Курков В.В. , Щербакова Д.В. 
Published: December 2024

статья посвящена проблеме отбора учебного материала по истории российско-китайских и советско-китайских отношений, составляющих важную часть программного материала в школьном курсе истории, применительно к использованию проектного метода при организации итогового повторения проблемных аспектов отечественной внешней политики при подготовке учащихся к ЕГЭ. Авторы статьи, опираясь на практический опыт реализации данного метода в учебном процессе, предлагают систематизировать достаточно сложный материал по истории международных отношений на основе анализа исторических циклов в отношениях нашей страны с Китаем, что позволит и преподавателю, и учащимся более продуктивно усвоить сложную и противоречивую канву событий, иллюстрирующих взаимоотношения России и СССР с Китаем с XVII столетия до начала XXI в., понять причинно-следственные связи обусловившие смену периодов противостояния на эпохи дружественных, и даже союзнических отношений между крупнейшими дальневосточными державами. Такой подход призван, по мнению авторов статьи, способствовать формированию логического мышления учащихся и развитию у старшеклассников необходимых навыков систематизация сложного исторического материала.
the article is devoted to the problem of selecting educational material on the history of Russian-Chinese and Soviet-Chinese relations, which constitute an important part of the program material in the school history course, in relation to the use of the project method in organizing the final repetition of problematic aspects of domestic foreign policy when preparing students for the Unified State Exam. The authors of the article, relying on practical experience in implementing this method in the educational process, propose to systematize quite complex material on the history of international relations based on the analysis of historical cycles in the relations of our country with China, which will allow both the teacher and students to more productively master the complex and contradictory canvas of events illustrating the relations of Russia and the USSR with China from the 17th century to the beginning of the 21st century, to understand the cause-and-effect relationships that determined the change of periods of confrontation to eras of friendly, and even allied relations between the largest Far Eastern powers. Such an approach is intended, according to the authors of the article, to contribute to the formation of logical thinking of students and the development of the necessary skills in systematizing complex historical material in high school students.
На пути к заключению Тартусского мирного договора между РСФСР и Эстонией
Authors: Бакаляр Е.Е. 
Published: December 2024

в данной статье рассказывается о событиях, которые непосредственно предшествовали заключению мирного договора между РСФСР и Эстонией в Тарту (Юрьеве) в 1920 г. В статье дана попытка анализа причин, побудивших стороны начать сначала переговоры о заключении перемирия, а позже — подписать мирный договор, тем самым признав друг друга юридически. С весны 1919 г. Эстония стояла перед выбором: продолжать войну с Советской Россией, поддерживая антибольшевистские силы, или начать переговоры с большевиками о мире. Какой в итоге выбор был сделан и что на него повлияло?
this article describes the events that immediately preceded the conclusion of the peace treaty between the RSFSR and Estonia in Tartu (Yuryev) in 1920. The article attempts to analyze the reasons that prompted the parties to start negotiations on a truce first, and later to sign a peace treaty, thereby recognizing each other legally. Since the spring of 1919, Estonia had to choose: continue the war with Soviet Russia, supporting the anti-Bolshevik forces, or start peace negotiations with the Bolsheviks. What choice was ultimately made and what influenced it?
Эпизоды боевой деятельности в немецком тылу и обстоятельства гибели отряда специального назначения ОМСБОН «Особые» под командованием майора П.А. Коровина (апрель-июнь 1942 г.)
Authors: Штепа А.В. , Сапожников М.В. 
Published: December 2024

в статье исследуются эпизоды боевой деятельности и обстоятельства гибели отряда специального назначения ОМСБОН НКВД СССР «Особые», сформированного весной 1942 г. для заброски в немецкий тыл в ходе завершающей стадии битвы под Москвой. Командование сводным отрядом было поручено кадровому офицеру-пограничнику П.А. Коровину. Подробно описан процесс комплектования отряда, обращено внимание, что в его состав были включены студенты и выпускники ведущего спортивного вуза СССР – ГЦОЛИФК, известные спортсмены, в частности чемпионы СССР по борьбе и боксу. Значительное внимание уделено тем трудностям, с которыми столкнулись советские бойцы при организации перехода линии фронта и при непосредственном осуществлении диверсионно-разведовательной работы в тылу врага в апреле – июне 1942 г. На основе рассекреченных документов из Центрального оперативного архива УРАФ ФСБ России авторами реконструируются эпизоды боевой деятельности спецотряда «Особые» и события, связанные с его трагической гибелью 30 июня 1942 г.
the article examines the episodes of combat activity and the circumstances of the death of the special forces detachment of the NKVD of the USSR "Special", formed in the spring of 1942 to be thrown into the German rear during the final stage of the battle of Moscow. The command of the consolidated detachment was entrusted to a career border guard officer P.A. Korovin. The process of recruiting the squad is described in detail, attention is drawn to the fact that it included students and graduates of the leading sports university of the USSR – GTSOLIFK, famous athletes, in particular the champions of the USSR in wrestling and boxing. Considerable attention is paid to the difficulties faced by Soviet soldiers in organizing the transition of the front line and in the direct implementation of sabotage and reconnaissance work behind enemy lines in April -June 1942. On the basis of declassified documents from the Central Operational Archive of the URAF of the FSB of Russia, the authors reconstruct episodes of combat activity of the special detachment "Special" and events, related to his tragic death on June 30, 1942.
Ордынский фактор в отечественной истории: к вопросу об изучении причинно-следственных связей при использовании проектного метода обучения
Authors: Курков В.В. , Калмыкова Д.Д. 
Published: December 2024

в статье анализируется проблема изучения причинно-следственных связей в рамках применения проектного метода обучения при организации итогового повторения в ходе подготовки к единому государственному экзамену учебного материала посвященного истории монголо-татарского нашествия, свержению ордынского ига и ликвидации последних осколков Золотой Орды – вопросов, которые составляют обязательную часть программного содержания школьного курса. Авторами статьи, с учетом практического опыта подготовки старшеклассников к ЕГЭ, предлагается такой вариант использования проектной методики на уровне итогового обобщения ключевой проблемы программного материала, который позволяет раскрывая по ходу реализации учебного проекта весь спектр драматических аспектов исторического взаимодействия Руси и Орды с XIII в. и до завершения процесса присоединения к России последних татарских ханств, через анализ причинно-следственных связей обусловивших тяжелый и длительный переход русского государства в историческом противостоянии «леса и степи» от поражения к победе, успешно усвоить объемный и сложный раздел отечественной истории. Предлагаемый подход, призван помочь современному педагогу в формировании и развитии у школьников актуальных навыков решения проблемных исторических вопросов посредством необходимого разбора детерминант, определяющих вектор исторического развития.
the article analyzes the problem of studying cause-and-effect relationships within the framework of the application of the project-based teaching method in organizing the final revision during preparation for the Unified State Exam of educational material devoted to the history of the Mongol-Tatar invasion, the overthrow of the Horde yoke and the liquidation of the last fragments of the Golden Horde - issues that constitute a mandatory part of the curriculum content of the school course. The authors of the article, taking into account the practical experience of preparing high school students for the Unified State Exam, propose such an option for using the project methodology at the level of the final generalization of the key problem of the program material, which allows revealing the entire spectrum of dramatic aspects of the historical interaction of Rus' and the Horde from the 13th century during the implementation of the educational project. and until the completion of the process of annexation of the last Tatar khanates to Russia, through the analysis of cause-and-effect relationships that determined the difficult and long transition of the Russian state in the historical confrontation of "forest and steppe" from defeat to victory, successfully master a voluminous and complex section of Russian history. The proposed approach is intended to help the modern teacher in the formation and development of relevant skills in schoolchildren in solving problematic historical issues through the necessary analysis of the determinants that determine the vector of historical development.
Россия в урегулировании сирийского кризиса: эволюция приоритетов и перспективы
Authors: Пахомова Д.А. 
Published: December 2024

в статье проанализировано участие России в урегулировании сирийского кризиса: вооружённая борьба с терроризмом, тесно связанная с дипломатической работой в многосторонних переговорных форматах, оказание гуманитарной помощи и экономическое сотрудничество. Отмечено, что на текущем этапе при отсутствии угрозы существованию сирийского государства Россия переориентируется на «мягкие» инструменты присутствия. При этом в условиях, когда сирийский конституционный процесс заморожен, масштабных реформ внутри страны не проводится, Россия не оказывает давления на желающие сохранить статус-кво сирийские власти. Автор стремится определить основные направления дальнейших усилий России в Сирии и делает вывод о необходимости продолжения усилий на всех направлениях, включая и содействие выходу российского бизнеса в САР, потому что уже сегодня России следует работать над закреплением своей политической и экономической роли в Сирии.
the article analyzes Russia’s participation in the Syrian crisis settlement: military fight against terrorism which is closely intertwined with diplomatic efforts in multilateral negotiation formats, humanitarian aid and economic cooperation. It is emphasized that currently, given the absence of threat to Syrian statehood, Russia is focusing on soft instruments to maintain its presence in Syria. However, amid Syrian constitutional process at an impass, with no large-scale reforms being conducted in the country, Russia is not putting pressure on the Syrian authorities willing to preserve their status-quo. The author seeks to define main directions for Russia in Syria and comes to a conclusion that it is necessary to proceed on all the tracks, including also assistance to Russia’s business entering Syria, as the time is ripe for Russia to solidify its political and economic role in Syria.