bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Approach to Reduce Cooling Loads in Transparent Facades
Authors: Beyhan Figen , Ersan Peyman Umre 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The possibilities offered by the developing technology in terms of materials and construction systems, the requirements of today’s user profile and living conditions and user demands have caused the facade systems of the buildings to change as well. The facades of the buildings, which are very effective in the energy efficiency of the buildings and constitute a large proportion of the building envelope, are built independently of all the contexts of its location and the spatial needs based on comfort conditions. Glass curtain facades, which are especially located in the facade systems of multi-storey office buildings, are constructed with similar qualities on each facade of the buildings and cause problems in the efficient consumption of energy as they cannot respond adequately to the comfort conditions of the spaces. Increasing cooling loads of buildings due to excessive heat gain from large transparent surfaces, is one of these problems.
Around some Jewish Architectural Features
Authors: Chizzoniti Domenico , Batkova Yuliia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Central and Eastern Europe were always on the edge of cultural, historical, and political transformations. The constant modifications reshape the architecture and urban realm of cities and urban fabric. Structural and socio-political boundaries are affecting cultural minorities. In most cases, the effect is so critical that the cultural heritage of the minority in terms of archi-tecture and built environment is degrading. The memory, as a collective force to the reality of the city, always follows these modifications. The built environment in these complex areas rather of showing the truth (coexistence of physical realm and built form) is mutating and presenting the fragmentation of its different parts. The phenomenon of Jewish reality and settling stiles in Central and Eastern European cities, its transformations, assimilations and segregations became an operational tool for the research, to build a wider understanding of the problematic aspects. The characteristic generalisation was done in terms of the architectural settings. However, all the cases are specific and need a deep understanding of each one’s problems deeply. In Central Europe, the problem occurs in terms of segregation and closure, while in Eastern Europe, the cases of separation were presented along with condition that leads to structural integration. The Prague Ghetto in the old town, the Jewish settlements of Warsaw city and the shtetl in Eastern Europe state the criticality of the problem of memory in a wider range, from physical build one to the intangible. In Prague, due to the constant pressure of segregation and final demolition of Ghetto, the fragmented pieces of the Jewish culture in terms of a building fabric were left. The space was gone but the memory still alive. Jewish culture’s integration into Warsaw’s build form through years and final demolition of the city during the Second World War left singular architectural pieces of their complex reality in the city, as a fragmented island of memory. In contrast, Shtetl presents a case of physical form while the spirit of the place is absent. Memory as an operational tool ensures the collectiveness, as it depicts the contrast of elements within its architecture and urban form. The coexistence of different part of the city with their specific architectural character and memory ensures the fact of its completeness as a whole.
International Bauausstellung Berlin 1987: Spatial and Temporal Context
Authors: Neto Filipe Lacerda 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Berlin plans an International Architecture Exhibition about the topic: “The urban centre as a place to live”. The centre of the city was going to be preserved as a suitable place to live, renovated and revived. This was the fourth architecture exhibition in Berlin focused on contemporary problems from the perspective of architecture and urbanism. This research analyses and describes the spatial and temporal context of the International Bauausstellung Berlin. It presents the geographical, political and social background that made this exhibition possible and fundamental in West Berlin. It involves the understanding of the urban scope in which IBA´s activity develops: devoted to contemporary architectural and urban problems defined by History. Berlin has always been and still is an exceptional scene of the international architecture, a modern version of locus amoenus. But today it is necessary to discover this beauty among the traces of its destruction and the interventions carried out by an almost complete generation of architects to create the image of a city that was frantically seeking a promising reconstruction. Berlin offers itself to be the spatial framework for IBA. It is a place with a great number of pragmatic variations for the architectural study and the urban development. It is part of Berlin´s tradition to have considerably influenced the changes of urban planning through International Architecture Exhibitions. The idea behind IBA, its program and the results achieved must be seen as a cultural manifestation incorporated in a city that acted as the centre of theoretical controversy regarding the urban issues and the construction according to man and changes in society.
Design Exploration and Collaboration within Groups in Learning-By-Making (LBM) Approach
Authors: Setiaputra Brian , Yoas Jonathan Hans 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Using a case study of the 3rd instalment of Bamboo Nation (BN) 2018, an international learning workshop for bamboo structure and construction, this research explores Learning-By-Making (LBM) implementation with a focus on design exploration tools and collaboration within a group tasked with designing cores. As commonly found in LBM practices, the participants involved in the 3rd BN were assigned to design and, eventually, build a 1:1 scale model within two weeks. In that process, there were tendencies for groups that relied on a particular design tool, the physical models, as a more relatable to each other. The study inquires specifically on the Design Explorations aspect, using particular design tools and Collaboration aspects within groups in the 3rd BN. The result will provide a basis for further development to improve design performance in LBM as a design learning approach. Data collection regarding design processes and products was from first-hand documentation and interviews with data for collaboration assessments were obtained by peer-assessment and self-assessment from every participant in the 3rd BN. Both types of data were then further analysed according to the Design Exploration Aspect and Collaboration Aspect of a typical LBM practice. A comparison of these aspects concludes the analysis. The study is a focus on finding a relation between a group’s productivity on delivering design alternatives and its collaboration aspects within groups. It also investigated the design tools that the groups used, whether by physical models or any other tools, on their contributions in the whole aspects of Learning-By-Making (LBM) processes. Contribution of the research will involve mainly evaluation of the LBM characteristics as an alternative for design and technical-based studies and suggestions for further applications of the approach.
Urban Residual Space in Latin America: Reframing the Role of Public Space in Colombia
Authors: Rodelo Torres Luz Mery 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The metropolises of the global south are often considered out of rules as a distinct urban “species” while cities of the global north are commonly recognized for their development, organization, and operation. The duality that arises in Latin American cities is between the advancement of its infrastructure and the provision of goods and services. This duality is physically manifested in urban space, as well as the increase of spatial segregation and social inequality. Fragments, patches, archipelagos, and countless denominations that narrow the “disorder” of these cities contrast with the good practices they develop to increase the quality of life of their inhabitants. Life in public space is one of the interrelationships that occur in cities, but in some spaces in Latin American cities are considered fragments and uncertain spaces of the city without defined uses due to the characteristics of some of these spaces. These spaces, specifically in Colombian cities, commonly divide the large areas of poverty with the few areas of wealth, providing greater inequality and socio-spatial segregation. Considering Latin America as the most violent and inequitable region in the world explains why the research of recent decades in these cities has focused on understanding the causes and finding answers to minimize poverty, and inequality. These phenomena will not find the full answers in architecture nor urbanism; however, actions from these two disciplines are required to materialize opportunities for all the cities. Thus, the purpose of the research, based on literature review, methodological terms, and collection of information is reframing the role of public space as a potential for articulation with the deficit of public space and as a tool of urban development.
Interpolation of Irregular Soil Moisture Measurements with Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Cisty Milan , Cyprich Frantisek , Dezericky David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this work, a method is proposed that uses machine learning techniques intending to make existing soil moisture time series complete. Authors are assuming and solving the usual situation, in which only data irregularly measured are available. Soil moisture is one of the determining variables of the stress on various ecosystems and agriculture systems and a key element of the surface water budget. A time series of this variable is useful for an evaluation of the moisture regime of soil and for decisions regarding building irrigation structures. Interpolation models proposed in this paper were verified using data from the days on which the field measurements were available. Mainly nonlinear machine learning models are proved to be suitable for a solution to this task. The Extreme Gradient Boosting Machines model and simple ensemble model provided the best results.
Study on the Design of Prefabricated Exterior Wall Insulation Decorative Panel for Wind Energy Utilization
Authors: Cao Maoqing , Ma Long , Xu Hongwei , Cao Wenrui , Qi Yurong , Li Li , Yang Chun , Liu Qi , Bian Hongbin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Human exploration for the realization of a better life building materials has never stopped, this article in the green building thought of the advocacy, explore the outdoor wind environment, the effective use of wind energy in an assembly-type building exterior wall insulation decoration plate, through wind energy conversion verification, show that the plate can effectively compensate for the winter cold wind brought about by the energy loss, with insulation effect; With the continuous optimization of the material and construction of the panel, more values and a wider range of application of the panel are expected to be achieved.
Urban Heat Island Scenarios – A Case study in Technical University, Košice
Authors: Poórová Zuzana , Li Heling , Trakal Lukáš , Vranayová Zuzana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Artificial urban surfaces are commonly considered as main direct cause of Urban Heat Island effects. Most urban land covers are dark and impermeable and accelerating excessive heat absorption and storage. The paper characterizes cool surface strategies in criteria of definition, classification and application approach, as well as proposes of a framework to guide applications associate with grey, blue and green infrastructure on urban heat island mitigation. As a case study, analysis of surface strategy and its cooling performance was performed at Technical University of Košice campus. On perspective of economic and ecological feasibility, two proposals were simulated. The results show that both measures have significant impact on surface cooling, although the maximum and average temperature reductions vary between measures. In addition, overall value of each proposal is provided as reference for decision makers to meet their best interests. All these findings can support climate change adaptation strategy in Kosice, should be also applicable for similar projects and proposals in other regions.
Modified method of variable elasticity parameters for solving problems of dynamics of rod systems taking into account physical and geometric nonlinearities
Authors: Shein Alexander , Chumanov Alexander 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article describes an algorithm for calculating vibrations of rod systems by the finite element method, based on an iterative process that allows taking into account physical and geometric nonlinearity. The iterative process, which takes into account physical nonlinearity, is based on the introduction of the cubic dependence of stresses on deformations into the calculation and the comparison of the secant elastic modulus at each step of the iteration. When calculating the stiffness matrix, an additional term (matrix) is introduced that takes into account geometric nonlinearity. A comparative analysis of the results of the calculation with a linear dependence between stresses and deformations and the calculation with a cubic dependence of stresses on deformations is given.
Urban Layout Around Markets Built of Iron in the 19th And 20th Centuries: A Current Consequence of their Location Sites in Castilla & León, Spain
Authors: Rodríguez-Esteban Mª Ascensión , Sáez-Pérez Mª Paz , Camino-Olea Mª Soledad , Frechilla-Alonso Mª Almudena , Ramos-Gavilán Ana Belén 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Detailed studies have been carried out for decades on the iron markets built in Spain from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. However, until now they have been approached from a historical-artistic perspective. The focus of these studies lies mainly in their contextualization and description, in the use of iron as a novel material and in characterizing their typology and morphology. This research addresses a new line of investigation, evaluating the impact of these singular architectures on the consolidated fabric of the cities where they were implanted. The studio has been focused on the territory of Castilla y León (Spain), because it has many cases that can be studied regarding location of their markets. The criteria analyzed to establish the impact of these constructions on the urban fabric refer to the permanence of the original constructions and use conditions, the type of location and the characteristics of the place. The results show similarities in terms of the characteristics of the chosen plots, with the squares or squares prevailing over the plots between party walls, as well as in economic and functional aspects considered when choosing them, seeking large and airy spaces. It can be concluded that these centuries-old landmarks, both those that remain unchanged, as well as those that were demolished or replaced by other buildings have had an impact on the urban context of these cities in a very significant way. They have managed, not only to modify the urban layout of representative and practically consolidated areas of the historic quarters, but have also managed that its urban configuration lasts until today, despite the difficulties, narrowness and limitations in the current traffic that its existence causes.
A Comprehensive Approach for the Seismic Vulnerability of a Building of Public Utility
Authors: Dragomir Claudiu Sorin , Dobre Daniela , Iliescu Victor 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The purpose of research. The paper presents a complex approach performed to identify the vibration natural periods of a building of general interest, in the form of H, with basement, ground floor and 7 levels, built in 1968. Thus, qualitative and quantitative analyzes, topometric measurements, non-destructive tests, vibration recordings from microseisms, in order to establish the general technical condition, the degree of geometric conformation, the determination of dynamic characteristics, as well as static, modal modeling etc. for the validation of those obtained results were made. Finally, proposing several consolidation solutions, because the building is located in Bucharest where the peak ground acceleration (PGA) is 0.3g according to the Seismic design code and a further increase to a mean return period of 475 years for PGAis taken into consideration. At this moment, this building is in the process of consolidation and rehabilitation and will be included in the national permanent vibrations monitoring program. Principal results: eccentricities and irregularities from non-structural components, relative horizontal displacements, sclerometric and ultrasonic recordings, spatial structure displacements in the three main directions NS, EV and vertical Z, velocities, accelerations, frequencies and periods, structural damping factors, basic shear force etc. Major conclusions. It is important to obtain correct information regarding the behaviour of a structural system, the contribution of each presented technical approaches is consistent, using the advantages of non-destructive methods, ambient vibration monitoring and modal analysis. Reducing the seismic risk of buildings in Romania is a complex action nowadays, of national interest, and in 2020, a national strategy on seismic risk reduction will be finalized (with legislative, normative, investment reforms etc.).
Visual Interference in the Glass Facade
Authors: Lipowicz-Budzyńska Alina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper analyses questions concerning the integration of architecture and art. The objective of this publication is to examine visual interferences that occur in architecture and to determine their effects on how the building is seen and on the architectural space. This phenomenon is an important artistic issue that opens the way for new compositional values in architecture. Visual interferences can occur when there are at least two layers of an image composed of repetitive elements, put in a certain order. Overlapping of graphical layers results in image concentration, and in this way compositions such as lines, circles and polygons are created, which are known as interference patterns. In art glass, it is possible to remove image layers from each other, thus obtaining an additional effect. This creates visually mobile surfaces, which react to movement of the observer. The present paper will analyse this phenomenon with the aim to determine what principles govern the occurrence of visual interferences as well as how they affect the building’s reception. The typology, classification and characteristics of each type of arrangements will be presented. An attempt will also be made to establish conditions for the design of interference arrangements, which may be used as guidelines by graphic artists and designers alike. The phenomenon will be examined based on buildings created over the past two decades. Examples will include works set both on the façade as well as in the interior of buildings. Due to the global nature of artistic phenomena, no restriction is given on the area where the examinations take place.
The Inner Forces Redistribution of Continuous Beams
Authors: Juhás Pavol , Šenitková Ingrid Juhásová 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The technical plastic theory is applied for steel structures design in actual standards. This theory and standard calculate procedures assumed the plastic redistribution of internal forces by arising and development of plastic hinges and plastic mechanism failure of the structure. The plastic redistribution of internal forces enables the loading of structure to increase. The plastic redistribution and increasing of the loading cause also changes in the support reactions that are generally needed to consider as the actions on the structural supports. The redistribution of internal forces and the changes of support reactions depend on the elastic-plastic properties of constructive steels that are variable. Therefore, plastic redistribution of internal forces may not be absolute, or may not arise at all. In the paper, the effect of elastic-plastic redistribution of internal forces on the load-carrying capacity and the changes of support reactions for selected continuous beams are analyzed.
Mobility in Public Spaces of Small Towns in the Czech Republic
Authors: Kramarova Zuzana , Kankovsky Ales 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide information about Mobility in public spaces of small towns in the Czech Republic. This text will not describe the history of the development of public space either on a global scale or on the scale of the Czech Republic or the scale of the small towns. There are several reasons. The first two areas have been described many times by world and domestic experts. Therefore, it would be impossible to bring new knowledge to them in a short time, which is defined. Their summation would also be very comprehensive, or conversely, so concise that it would not be an asset. In the third area – the history of public space in small towns of the Czech Republic, we come across another barrier. This is the fragmentation of development trends of inclusion in regions and the location of the seat in the region, the morphology of the terrain, the historical development of the region and many other factors. An emphasis will be placed on small municipalities of 7,000 to 20,000 inhabitants, which are large enough in terms of having to overcome greater distances, but too small to allow their population to be the commercial operation of local public transport, and with a small budget of the city, to be able to subsidize and maintain this public transport. There will be a meeting with the users of the public space and the transport used by them and their choice of transport around the city or through the city. In conclusion, the findings on mobility in the public space will be summarized based on the current situation of a lifestyle, such as the demands of rapid mobility.
Indoor Environmental Quality Determinants in the Buildings
Authors: Kraus Michal , Senitkova Ingrid Juhasova 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The presented aim of this study is to establish or reject the correlation (relationship) between the individual indoor environmental quality indicators and the total satisfaction with the indoor environment. The subjective satisfactory survey has been performed in 10 standardized university classrooms (Czechia) to evaluate the indoor environmental quality (IEQ). The IBSM SPPS Software Statistics ver. 25.0 was used to assess the Kendall non-parametric correlation analysis. Seven individual different indoor environmental quality indicators evaluating by subjective perceptions of the users were reviewed: air acceptability, thermal comfort, humidity comfort, odor comfort, acoustic comfort, visual comfort, and color comfort. The user’s subjective perceptions of the indoor environment were collected by questionnaires. Minimizing the ability to adapt and acclimatize was desirable. The statistically significant correlation (P < 0.01) were observed between the air acceptability (τb= 0.249), the odor comfort (τb= 0.260), the acoustic (τb= -0.244), the visual comfort (τb= 0.203), and the colour comfort (τb= 0.192) and total satisfaction with the indoor environment. The thermal comfort and the humidity comfort are not statistically correlated with the total satisfaction of the indoor environment (P > 0.01).