bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reklāmas un sludinājumi laikrakstā “Tēvija” 1941. gadā kā vēstures avots
Authors: Stepens Ojārs 
Published: May 2020

Lai gan parasti vēstures pētniecībā masu informācijas līdzekļos publicētajiem sludinājumiem pievērš maz uzmanības, tie ir nozīmīgs informācijas avots, kas sniedz ziņas par pagātnes norisēm. Tie veido atsevišķu slāni mediju komunikācijā ar sabiedrību, īpaši tādēļ, ka bieži no tiem var gūt ziņas, kuras saistītas nevis ar “oficiālo viedokli”, bet gan ar cilvēkiem patiešām aktuāliem sadzīves jautājumiem (pērk, pārdod, maina, izklaide u. c.). Tāpat sludinājumi atklāj saimnieciskās, politiskās un sabiedriskās dzīves norises. Raksta mērķis ir analizēt reklāmas un sludinājumus Latvijā nacistu okupācijas varas izdotajā oficiālajā laikrakstā “Tēvija” 1941. gadā. Pētījuma hronoloģiskais ietvars izvēlēts, ņemot vērā šādus apsvērumus: 1941. gads bija laiks, kad Latvijā formējās nacistu okupācijas varas sistēma, vēlāk tā pastāvēja vairāk vai mazāk stabilā formā; tieši šajā laika posmā bija raksturīga padomju okupācijas laikā un karadarbībā bojāgājušo radinieku meklēšana ar sludinājumu palīdzību, ar holokausta īstenošanu saistītās nacistu antisemītiskās propagandas uzsākšana un izvēršana u. c. Minēto cēloņu dēļ Latvijas iedzīvotāju ikdienas dzīvē šis laiks bija īpašs, un tas atspoguļojas arī reklāmās un sludinājumos.
Žečpospoļitas dalīšanas (1772–1795) – to vērtējums poļu vēsturiskajā literatūrā
Authors: Seliška Edvards 
Published: May 2020

Raksts pievēršas jautājumam, kā kopš 18. gadsimta līdz pat mūsdienām attīstījies poļu vēsturnieku skatījums uz Polijas–Lietuvas valsts (Žečpospoļitas) dalīšanām (1772–1795). Analizēts, kā vēsturnieku politiskā pārliecība un laikmeta norises ietekmējušas pagātnes vērtējumu un kā pakāpeniski izveidojies uzskats gan par “pašu poļu vainu un spēju atdzimt” (iekšējiem faktoriem), gan par “kaimiņvalstu alkatību” (ārējiem faktoriem). Vēstur­nieki, analizējot dalīšanu cēloņus un iemeslus, nereti centās atbildēt uz aktuālajiem politiskajiem jautājumiem – piemēram, vai 19. gadsimta sacelšanās bija vajadzīgas. Tas ilgtermiņā veidoja attieksmi pret Vāciju, Krieviju, arī Franciju un Lielbritāniju.
Nutraceuticals and Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Poluektova E. A. , Beniashvili A. G. , Maslennikov R. V. 
Published: May 2020

Aim. To provide a definition and classification of nutraceutical products and to show their significane in modern integrative medicine.Background. Nutraceuticals are foodstuffs and their components, which have a positive effect on human health, including preventive maintenance and treatment of diseases. Nutraceuticals include healthy and functional foods, as well as biologically active food additives (BAFA). Healthy foods are nutritional foodstuffs without any artificial modification. These include organic, whole, and natural foods. Alongside a high nutritional value, functional food products have a positive effect on the human body due to functional food ingredients. BAFAs are food additives that contains one or several food ingredients (vitamins, mineral substances, plant components, amino acids and others). Specialists express conflicting viewpoints concerning nutraceuticals. Some nutraceuticals, such as probiotics, have confirmed their effectiveness in clinical trials, while the beneficial properties of others require further elucidation.Conclusions. The application of nutraceuticals, as well as their combined use with pharmaceuticals, in accordance with recommendations by scientific professional associations formulated on the basis of valid research studies can lead to an improvement in the quality of the life and longevity of the population. This position forms a basis for the development of integrative medicine — a contemporary approach to the treatment of diseases.
1989 – Året som endret Europa
Authors: Lundén Thomas 
Published: May 2020

Abstract: 1989 – The Year That Transformed EuropeThomas Lundén (Centrum för Östersjö- och Östeuropaforskning (CBEES), Södertörns högskola) reviews 1989 – Året som endret Europa (1989 – The Year That Transformed Europe) written by Per Anders Madsen.
Depression, Anxiety, and Stress In The Time of COVID-19 Pandemic In Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Kamal Niaz mustafa , Othman Nasih 
Published: May 2020

The global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, its threat to people’s health and its indirect impacts through the subsequent measures taken by governments to control the disease have led to uncertainty and huge disruption in the way people used to live with a negative impact on mental health and wellbeing. The current study estimate prevalence of the common mental health disorders among a sample of the adult population in the Kurdistan Region during the pandemic. Through an online survey using DASS-21 to measure depression, anxiety, and stress data of 548 adult participants were collected during April 2020 and analyzed. The sample was mainly from Sulaimani (89%), mean age was 37.9 (SD 13.5) and male/female ratio was 1. Prevalence of any severity levels of depression, anxiety, and stress was 45%, 47%, and 18% respectively. In regression analysis, notably female sex was a significant independent factor for higher levels of depression (coefficient 1.89, p<0.05), anxiety (coefficient 2.19, p<0.001), and stress (coefficient 1.52, p<0.05). Postgraduate education and other occupations were also significantly associated with depression (coefficient 3.81, p<0.05; coefficient 2.39, p<0.05 respectively), anxiety (coefficient 2.92, p<0.05; coefficient 4.1, p<0.001 respectively) and stress (coefficient 3.83, p<0.001; coefficient 4.1, p<0.001 respectively). The study indicates high levels of common mental health disorders during the pandemic and calls for public health measures to promote the mental health and resilience of the population.
Polinización transtextual en La edad de la inocencia (1993)
Authors: GARCÍA RUIZ Sonia 
Published: May 2020

La historia del cine es ciertamente atractiva si se estudia de manera transversal, teniendo en cuenta para ello las distintas manifestaciones artísticas que concurren en una misma o distinta época y que comparten rasgos formales que las vinculen. Tomando el filme La edad de la inocencia (1993) como caso de estudio, diversas relaciones transtextuales, entre las cuales, la hipertextualidad, la intertextualidad y la metatextualidad, afloran entre disciplinas como la literatura, el teatro, la pintura y la fotografía; todas ellas presentes en la película e imbricadas en un discurso que concierne a las formas de representación de la realidad. Y es precisamente a través de la interrelación del cine con las demás artes donde tiene lugar la Inter.-discursividad, como si el cine, a su paso, polinizase varias texturas de diversa naturaleza, dejando en ellas el trazo cinematográfico de su autor.Palabras clave: cine; transtextualidad; interdiscursivida. Key words: film; transtextuality; interdiscursivit.
Repeticiones y revisiones: el remake en la fotografía construida
Authors: Castro Maribel 
Published: May 2020

Desde la posmodernidad, la teoría de la fotografía se ha ocupado de la idea de que las fotografías pueden ser entendidas como procesos de significación y codificación cultural. En un contexto artístico interesado por el pastiche, la cita, la deconstrucción y el cuestionamiento de las ideas de autoría y originalidad, el remake se consolida como modo de producción de versiones de iconos pertenecientes al imaginario colectivo, y se convierte en una estrategia representacional recurrente en la fotografía artística actual. Nos reta a reconocer lo que vemos, cuestionar cómo lo vemos, y problematizar cómo las imágenes dan forma a nuestras emociones y comprensión del mundo. Tras desarrollar el concepto de remake, analizaremos sus implicaciones estéticas, narrativas y representacionales en la fotografía escenificada, mediante el estudio de un conjunto de propuestas artísticas recientes que hacen uso de un stock de imágenes preexistentes (especialmente procedentes de la Pintura), reelaborándolas con nuevos enfoques que expresan además un compromiso con el presente. PALABRAS CLAVE: Fotografía escenificada; remake; arte contemporáneo; deconstrucción; originalidad.ABSTRACT Since posmodernism, photography theory has dealt with the idea that photographs can be understood as processes of cultural meaning and coding. In an artistic context interested in pastiche, quotation, deconstruction and questioning ideas of authorship and originality, the remake is consolidated as way of producing revisions of icons belonging to the collective imagination, and becomes a recurring representational strategy in current art photography. It challenges us to recognize what we see, to question how we see it, and to problematize how images give shape to our emotions and understanding of the world. After developing the concept of remake, we will analyze its aesthetic, narrative and representational implications in staged photography, through the study of a set of recent artistic proposals that make use of a stock of preexisting images (specially from Painting), that then are reworked with new approaches that express a strong commitment to the present. KEY WORDS: Staged photography; remake, contemporary art; deconstruction; originality.
El Two-Color Kodachrome y su inserción en The Llight in the Dark (Clarence Brown, 1922): primera y única exhibición pública del proceso experimental de color en un largometraje comercial
Authors: Guiralt Gomar Carmen 
Published: May 2020

El Two-Color Kodachrome fue un proceso experimental de color de la Eastman Kodak Company, inventado por John G. Capstaff (en 1913 para fotografía fija y desde finales de 1914 adaptado al celuloide), y el primer método fotoquímico de color sustractivo que se aplicó a la cinematografía. Se introdujo en un único largometraje comercial, que supuso a la vez la primera exhibición pública del sistema: The Light in the Dark (Clarence Brown, 1922). Pese a las buenas críticas, después quedó restringido a la experimentación dentro de la compañía y a cortometrajes. Este artículo examina el sistema de color en sí mismo, así como el modo en que se insertó en la película, de la que no han sobrevivido ni su negativo original ni la única copia que existió de ella en Kodachrome. Esto último se realiza a través de la confrontación de material de archivo inédito y de testimonios de pruebas en Kodachrome simultáneas al rodaje del film. Conocemos así cómo fueron las imágenes en color de la película y el estado de desarrollo exacto del sistema en 1922. Se examina también la evolución posterior del Kodachrome y su ausencia de éxito para su adopción por parte de los estudios de Hollywood. Abstract: Two-Color Kodachrome was a color experimental process from the Eastman Kodak Company, invented by John G. Capstaff (in 1913 for still photography and since the end of 1914 adapted to motion pictures), and it was the first photochemical method in a subtractive color system applied to cinematography. It was introduced in an only one commercial feature, which meant at the same time the first public exhibition of the system: The Light in the Dark (Clarence Brown, 1922). Despite obtaining good reviews, later the system was restricted to the experimentation within the company and shorts. This article examines the color system by itself, as well as the way in which the color was inserted into the film, of which neither the original negative nor the only print of it that included the Kodachrome have survived. Principio del formularioThe latter is carried out through the confrontation of unpublished archival material and examples of existing tests that were filmed in Kodachrome simultaneously to the shooting of the picture. This way we can know how the color images of the film were, as well as the exact state of development on the system in 1922. It is also examined the subsequent evolution of Kodachrome and its lack of success in being used by the Hollywood studios.Palabras clave: Two-Color Kodachrome; Kodak; John G. Capstaff; George Eastman; Jules Brulatour; The Light in the Dark (Clarence Brown, 1922). Keywords: Two-Color Kodachrome; Kodak; John G. Capstaff; George Eastman; Jules Brulatour; The Light in the Dark (Clarence Brown, 1922).
Gerda Taro y los orígenes del fotoperiodismo moderno en la Guerra Civil española
Authors: Arroyo Jiménez Lorna , Doménech Fabregat Hugo 
Published: May 2020

Resumen:El hallazgo en México durante el año 2007 de más de 4.000 negativos inéditos de la Guerra Civil Española pertenecientes a Robert Capa (Endre Ernö Friedmann), David Seymour (David Szymin, “Chim”) y Gerda Taro (Gerda Pohorylle) ha puesto definitivamente en valor el trabajo de esta última, la primera fotoperiodista fallecida en el frente de acción por documentar desde primera línea la guerra de España. El presente trabajo revisa el momento fotográfico de la Guerra Civil Española a partir del trabajo de Gerda Taro a razón del valor y significación de sus fotografías. Para ello, se han estudiado 716 originales de la fotógrafa en diferentes soportes (película negativa de 35 mm y 6x6 cm, copias por contacto, copias de época y modernas), y se han analizado pormenorizadamente algunas de estas fotografías mediante un método que ha permitido obtener conclusiones definitivas sobre el conjunto de su obra. Los resultados apuntan a que la práctica fotográfica de Gerda Taro en la guerra de España contribuyó a la redefinición del concepto de fotoperiodismo en occidente. Abstract: The discovery in Mexico in 2007 of more than 4,000 unpublished negatives from the Spanish Civil War, owned by Robert Capa (Endre Ernö Friedmann), David Seymour (David Szymin, “Chim”) and Gerda Taro (Gerda Pohorylle) has in particular shown the importance of the latters body of work. Taro is considered to be the first photographer to die during a war, whilst working on the front line of the Spanish Civil War. This paper reviews Taro’s photographs that capture this important moment in time, in Taro’s own, unique photojournalistic style. To do this, 716 original photographs were studied across different media, (35 mm negative films, 6x6 cm contact prints and enlargements), some of which have been thoroughly analyzed by a method that has led to precise conclusions about the body of work. The results show that Gerda Taro’s work during the Spanish Civil War contributed to the redefinition of the concept of photojournalism in the West. Palabras clave: Gerda Taro; Robert Capa; Fotoperiodismo; Vanguardias Históricas; Guerra Civil Española; Análisis fotográfico. Keywords: Gerda Taro; Robert Capa; Photojournalism; Historical Vanguards, Spanish Civil War, Analysis photographic.
Are subsidies for Polish enterprises effective: empirical results based on panel data
Authors: Gosk Beata , Nehrebecka Natalia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The objective of this article was to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of subsidies used by companies, as well as to develop an approach to assess the effectiveness of subsidies for the manufacturing sector of Polish economy. In order to organise the results obtained by researchers dealing with the efficacy of subsidies, a meta-analysis, i.e. a quantitative assessment of empirical literature, was carried out. Based on the data from the financial statements of medium-sized and large Polish companies, published in Monitor Polski B (a former Official Journal of the Republic of Poland), an evaluation study was conducted to verify the research hypotheses. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the aid in the form of subsidies did not have a significant impact on the productivity of the subsidised companies, growth rate of assets or profitability.
The Same but Different: Regulating Zero Hours Work in Two Liberal Market Economies
Authors: Ryan Lorraine , MacMahon Juliet , O’Sullivan Michelle , Turner Thomas , Lavelle Jonathan , Murphy Caroline , O’Brien Mike , Gunnigle Patrick 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The rise in zero hours contracts in liberal market economies (LMEs) has recently received much attention with calls for regulation to protect workers. LMEs typically adopt flexible labour market policies that are less regulated than coordinated market economies (CMEs) as a competitive advantage. In this paper we examine nuanced differences in the nature and regulation of zero hours work in the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland. With an increased diffusion of zero hours work in both countries, we examine the different responses taken by these similar LMEs to this contemporary employment issue. We examine whether, as expected in an LME context, there is weak regulation in both countries and the factors influencing this. We find subtle but important differences between regulations of zero hours contracts. We conclude by discussing the possible implications of the UK’s exit from the European Union (EU) (Brexit) for the regulation of precarious work.
Nutritional composition and heavy metal content in breast and thigh muscles of wild and intensively reared common pheasants (Phasianus colchicus)
Authors: Flis Marian , Grela Eugeniusz R. , Żukowska Grażyna , Gugała Dariusz 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Differing conditions in captive breeding and in the wild have impact on the mineral profile of the pheasant carcass and its heavy metal contents. This may be an indicator of environmental contamination. The study evaluated the nutritional composition and selected macro- and trace element contents (heavy metals in particular) in usable sections of pheasant breast and thigh muscles originating from captive breeding and wild birds.

Material and Methods
The tests were performed on the breast and thigh muscles of 20 wild and 20 farm bred birds from around Lublin, Poland, with equal sex representation. The nutrient and lead, cadmium, chromium, and nickel contents were determined using inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy.

Results
The farmed pheasants had a higher proportion of breast muscle. The thigh muscles of all birds had a higher fat content than the breast muscles (5.1 g vs. 3.4 g per kg of natural weight). The macroelement level depended on the muscle type and bird origin. The trace element content also did and gender dependence was also evident. The wild birds contained more cadmium in the breast muscles and lead in both muscles than the farm-raised ones.

Conclusion
The high quality and usefulness of wild and farmed pheasant meat is confirmed. It has advantageous macro- and trace element contents and permissible heavy metal contents except for lead in wild birds. The heavy metal level can be a bioindicator of their environmental occurrence. In wild birds, the lead level may also reflect birdshot remnants.
Public Investment Policy as a Driver of Changes in the Ecosystem Services Delivery by an Urban Green Infrastructure
Authors: Abramowicz Dawid , Stępniewska Małgorzata 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The presented study considers the impact of public expenditure related to land development on the potential of an urban green infrastructure to provide ecosystem services (ES). The study site (Szachty) is located in Poznań, the fifth largest city in Poland. In the article, we recognised the type of expenditure (permanent infrastructure and ongoing maintenance), the costs and the influence on ES (stimulating, weakening or no relevant). The study shows that the financial policy concerning the study area is focused on creating an infrastructure that enhances cultural ecosystem services (CES). However, the creation of recreational facilities weakens the potential of the area for supplying regulating services concerning maintaining nursery populations and habitats. The results highlight the need for scientific support for policymakers in understanding the synergies and trade-offs between ES, resulting from financial decisions. This is particularly important in the decision-making process in the areas of high natural value, in which full, long-term effects of the decisions may be barely visible and incomprehensible for the society. Showing the impact of financial decisions on the structure and level of ES may provide arguments supporting a more complex and high-quality social dialogue, including balancing the interests of various stakeholders.
Relation of the chondromalatia patellae to proximal tibial anatomical parameters, assessed with MRI
Authors: Tabary Mohammadreza , Esfahani Azadehsadat , Nouraie Mehdi , Babaei Mohammad Reza , Khoshdel Ali Reza , Araghi Farnaz , Shahrezaee Mostafa 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive highly sensitive tool for diagnosing chondromalacia patellae in the early stages. Many studies have evaluated patellar and trochlear morphology with different radiologic indices. We aimed to assess the discriminative power of tibial, patellar, and femoral indices in MRI for chondromalacia patellae.

Patients and methods
100 cases of chondromalacia, as well as 100 age-matched controls among the patients who underwent knee MRI between February 2017 and March 2019, were included. The standard protocol of knee MRI was applied and the diagnosis of chondromalacia was made on MRI findings. Chondromalacia subjects were also classified as grade 1 to 4 according to the Modified Outerbridge’s MRI grading system. We measured 25 MRI parameters in the knee and adjacent structures to determine the relation between chondromalacia patellae and anatomical MRI parameters.

Results
Tibial slope, trochlear depth, lateral trochlear inclination, and lateral patellar tilt angle had significant correlation with chondromalacia. Any increase in lateral trochlear inclination and lateral patellar tilt angle could increase the probability of the disease (Odds ratio [OR] 1.15, 1.13; 95% CI: 1.03–1.30; 1.02–1.26, respectively), while any increase in medial tibial slope and trochlear depth could decrease the probability of chondromalacia (OR 0.85, 0.06; 95% CI: 0.73–0.98, 0.02–0.17, respectively). We also designed a model for the severity of disease by using the patellar height index (relative odds ratio: 75.9).

Conclusions
The result of this study showed the novelty role of tibial anatomy in developing chondromalacia and its mechanism. We also concluded that patellar height might be an important factor in defining disease severity.
Dietary iodine intake, therapy with radioiodine, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Besic Nikola , Gazic Barbara 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive tumors. The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between a higher dietary intake of iodine, frequency of ATC and the characteristics of ATC, and to find out how often patients with ATC had a history of radioiodine (RAI) therapy.

Patients and methods
This retrospective study included 220 patients (152 females, 68 males; mean age 68 years) with ATC who were treated in our country from 1972 to 2017. The salt was iodinated with 10 mg of potassium iodide/ kg before 1999, and with 25 mg of potassium iodide/kg thereafter. The patients were assorted into 15-year periods: 1972–1986, 1987–2001, and 2002–2017.

Results
The incidence of ATC decreased after a higher iodination of salt (p = 0.04). Patients are nowadays older (p = 0.013) and have less frequent lymph node metastases (p = 0.012). The frequency of distant metastases did not change over time. The median survival of patients in the first, second, and third periods was 3, 4, and 3 months, respectively (p < 0.05). The history of RAI therapy was present in 7.7% of patients.

Conclusions
The number of patients with a history of RAI therapy did not change statistically over time. The incidence of ATC in Slovenia decreased probably because of higher salt iodination.