bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dealing with loss: food and eating in women with ovarian cancer on parenteral nutrition
Authors: Sowerbutts A. M. , Lal S. , Sremanakova J. , Clamp A. R. , Jayson G. C. , Hardy L. , Sutton E. , Raftery A.‐M. , Teubner A. , Burden S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundMalignant bowel obstruction is a common complication of ovarian cancer, resulting in limited oral intake. Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) may be offered to patients in this condition to meet nutritional requirements. However, it is not known how they experience being unable to eat. The present study reports how patients related to food when receiving HPN.MethodsThe investigation was a qualitative study underpinned by phenomenology with women with advanced ovarian cancer in bowel obstruction receiving parenteral nutrition. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically guided by the techniques of Van Manen.ResultsWe recruited 20 women to the study. Participants were interviewed a maximum of four times and a total of 39 in‐depth longitudinal interviews were conducted. Participants could tolerate minimal amounts of food, if they had a venting gastrostomy. Not being able to eat engendered a sense of sadness and loss, and most women found it challenging to be in the presence of others eating. They adopted strategies to cope, which included fantasising about food and watching cookery programmes. These approaches were not a long‐term solution; either participants came to terms with their loss or the strategies became less effective in providing relief.ConclusionsHome parenteral nutrition meets the nutritional requirements of patients with malignant bowel obstruction but cannot replace the non‐nutritive functions of food. Healthcare professionals can offer a patient‐centred approach by acknowledging the difficulties that patients may face and, wherever possible, encourage them to focus on the positive benefits of interacting with people rather than the loss of eating on social occasions.
Increased abdominal fat mass and high fat consumption in young school children with congenital heart disease: results from a case‐control study
Authors: Hansson L. , Lind T. , Öhlund I. , Wiklund U. , Rydberg A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe have previously found that infants with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) experience growth failure despite high‐energy dietary supplementation. This is a follow‐up and comparison with healthy controls at 9 years of age regarding body composition and macronutrient intake, especially in relationship to the diet provided during infancy.MethodsAnthropometric changes in 10 children with CHD at 12 months and at 4 and 9 years of age were analysed as Z‐scores. To assess body composition and food intake at 9 years of age, a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scan and a 3‐day food diary were completed and compared with age‐ and gender‐matched controls using Wilcoxon's signed‐rank test for matched pairs.ResultsGrowth changes from 12 months to 9 years, converted to Z‐scores for weight for height and height for age, were significantly different within the group of children with complex CHD, although no growth differences were seen in comparison with healthy controls at 9 years of age. However, the children with CHD had statistically higher abdominal fat mass index and higher daily intake of fat, particularly from saturated fatty acid in g kg−1 compared to controls.ConclusionsAt 9 years of age, children with complex CHD with growth failure and high fat intake in infancy have normalised growth but increased abdominal fat mass and higher intake of saturated fatty acid compared to their peers. Nutritional monitoring in early childhood may detect unhealthy diet quality and prevent later health risks in this group.
Site‐specific life cycle assessment of a pilot floating offshore wind farm based on suppliers’ data and geo‐located wind data
Authors: Poujol Baptiste , Prieur‐Vernat Anne , Dubranna Jean , Besseau Romain , Blanc Isabelle , Pérez‐López Paula 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRenewable energy systems are essential in coming years to ensure an efficient energy supply while maintaining environmental protection. Despite having low environmental impacts during operation, other phases of the life cycle need to be accounted for. This study presents a geo‐located life cycle assessment of an emerging technology, namely, floating offshore wind farms. It is developed and applied to a pilot project in the Mediterranean Sea. The materials inventory is based on real data from suppliers and coupled to a parameterized model which exploits a geographic information system wind database to estimate electricity production. This multi‐criteria assessment identified the extraction and transformation of materials as the main contributor to environmental impacts such as climate change (70% of the total 22.3 g CO2 eq/kWh), water use (73% of 6.7 L/kWh), and air quality (76% of 25.2 mg PM2.5/kWh), mainly because of the floater's manufacture. The results corroborate the low environmental impact of this emerging technology compared to other energy sources. The electricity production estimates, based on geo‐located wind data, were found to be a critical component of the model that affects environmental performance. Sensitivity analyses highlighted the importance of the project's lifetime, which was the main parameter responsible for variations in the analyzed categories. Background uncertainties should be analyzed but may be reduced by focusing data collection on significant contributors. Geo‐located modeling proved to be an effective technique to account for geographical variability of renewable energy technologies and contribute to decision‐making processes leading to their development.
MiRNA-7 enhances erlotinib sensitivity of glioblastoma cells by blocking the IRS-1 and IRS-2 expression
Authors: Alamdari-Palangi Vahab , Amini Razieh , Karami Hadi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Down-regulation of miRNA-7 is correlated with over-expression of IRS-1 and IRS-2 proteins, the upstream regulators of IGF-1R/Akt pathway, in glioblastoma cells. In this study, the effect of miRNA-7 on expression of IRS-1 and IRS-2 and sensitivity of the U373-MG glioblastoma cells to erlotinib was explored.

Methods
After miRNA-7 transfection, the expression of IRS-1 and IRS-2 mRNAs was measured by RT-qPCR. Trypan blue assay was used to assess the effect of miRNA-7 on cell proliferation. The effects of miRNA-7 and erlotinib, alone and in combination, on cell survival and apoptosis were measured using MTT assay and ELISA cell death assay, respectively.

Key findings
Our data showed that miRNA-7 markedly inhibited the expression of IRS-1 and IRS-2 in a time-dependent manner, inhibited the proliferation of glioblastoma cells and enhanced apoptosis (P &lt; 0.05, relative to control). Pretreatment with miRNA-7 synergistically inhibited the cell survival rate and decreased the IC50 of erlotinib. Furthermore, miRNA-7 significantly augmented the apoptotic effect of erlotinib.

Conclusions
Our data propose that inhibition of IRS-1 and IRS-2 by miRNA-7 can effectively induce apoptosis and sensitize glioblastoma cell to EGFR-TKIs. Therefore, miRNA-7 may be a potential therapeutic target in patients with glioblastoma.
Molecular and paleo‐climatic data uncover the impact of an ancient bottleneck on the demographic history and contemporary genetic structure of endangered Pinus uliginosa
Authors: Łabiszak Bartosz , Zaborowska Julia , Wójkiewicz Błażej , Wachowiak Witold 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWith the current rate of biodiversity loss, conservation management practices require a comprehensive understanding of eco‐evolutionary relationships, history, and genetic structure of species. Assessments of genetic diversity are crucial, especially in rare, endemic, or threatened forest tree species with small and isolated populations, such as peat bog pine (Pinus uliginosa N.). Here, we used a novel approach, combining genetic diversity assessment, ecological niche modeling, and population demography inference to explore the complex history of a few remnant populations of this endangered pine. To asses the relative influence of isolation and fragmentation on genetic diversity in the taxonomic context, the patterns of genetic variation found in P. uliginosa were contrasted with those observed in its close relatives with much bigger distribution ranges and larger populations (Pinus sylvestris, Pinus mugo, and Pinus uncinata). We found a similar level of genetic diversity across the species at nuclear loci but contrasting patterns of variability distribution at chloroplast markers. We detected the signatures of an ancient genetic bottleneck dated at around 26 400 years ago, indicating a drastic reduction in the population size of P. uligionosa during the Last Glacial Maximum. In addition, we found substantial differentiation between current populations as a result of enhanced genetic drift during long‐lasting isolation. The research suggests potential conservation management strategies for peat bog pine and emphasizes the importance of using complementary approaches for their successful development.
A systematic review of adaptive wildlife management for the control of invasive, non‐native mammals, and other human–wildlife conflicts
Authors: Richardson Suzanne , Mill Aileen C. , Davis Darryl , Jam David , Ward Alastair I. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

We are entering an era where species declines are occurring at their fastest ever rate, and the increased spread of non‐native species is among the top causes. High uncertainty in biological processes makes the accurate prediction of the outcomes of management interventions very challenging. Adaptive management (AM) offers solutions to reduce uncertainty and improve predictability so that the outcomes of interventions can continuously improve.
We quantitatively assess the extent to which AM is used for managing vertebrates, with a focus on invasive non‐native species (INNS). Using the Web of Science, we evaluated 3992 articles returned by the search terms ‘adaptive management’ or ‘adaptive harvest management’ against seven recommended elements of AM (engagement with stakeholders, defining objectives, forecasting and estimating uncertainty, implementing management, monitoring populations, adjusting management in response to monitoring, and improving forecasting and reducing uncertainty in response to monitoring populations).
The use of AM for vertebrates was reported in 56 (1%) of the evaluated studies; including four for managing INNS. Of these, ten studies excluding INNS and no studies of INNS management implemented all seven recommended elements of AM. Those elements infrequently implemented were as follows: the use of analysis or models to forecast and represent uncertainty (44%) and the feedback of monitoring data to improve forecasting and reduce uncertainty (25%).
Complete active AM has rarely been implemented and reported for managing INNS, despite the significant advantages it offers. Among studies purporting to have implemented AM, most did not use analyses or models to forecast and represent uncertainty, while most defined objectives, implemented management, and monitored populations.
Improvements to ongoing control programmes and much broader adoption of the AM approach are required to increase the efficiency and success of INNS management campaigns and reduce their negative impacts on native species.
Partial amorphization of experimentally shocked plagioclase: A spectroscopic study
Authors: Pittarello Lidia , Fritz Joerg , Roszjar Julia , Lenz Christoph , Chanmuang N. Chutimun , Koeberl Christian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractShock amorphization of plagioclase, from partial to complete, has been used to evaluate the degree of shock in meteorites. Important information on the shock amplitude can be derived from the measurement of the refractive index in plagioclase, either from mineral separates or in petrographic thin sections. However, this technique is time‐consuming, and associated sample preparations are considered destructive and are not always possible for precious and rare meteorite samples. In addition, plagioclase amorphization is commonly inhomogeneous at the sample scale and a statistically meaningful number of grains must be considered. Here, we apply several nondestructive spectroscopic techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and cathodoluminescence, to plagioclase experimentally shocked at 28 GPa, and thus in the transition regime between crystalline plagioclase and fully amorphous material. Most of the plagioclase was transformed into diaplectic glass at 28 GPa, yet some grains exhibit heterogeneously distributed crystalline domains. This confirms that intrinsic and extrinsic factors lead to local variations in the intensity of the shock pressure within individual plagioclase crystals of homogeneous composition. The amorphization of plagioclase can qualitatively (and potentially also quantitatively) be investigated by spectroscopic techniques, highlighting such local variations in the shock efficiency.
Supporting, failing to support and undermining breastfeeding self‐efficacy: Analysis of helpline calls
Authors: Thorpe Karen , Danby Susan , Cromack Ceridwen , Gallegos Danielle 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough a complexity of factors explain early cessation of breastfeeding, the encounter of a problem is often a critical point in this decision. For this reason, breastfeeding self‐efficacy, a mother's evaluations of her ability to successfully overcome challenges, is an effective target in interventions to sustain breastfeeding. This study examined factors affecting the success of one such intervention, reactive telephone support. Across a 4‐week period, recordings of all calls to a nurse‐staffed parent helpline in Queensland, Australia were made. Of these calls, 60 were from mothers encountering a breastfeeding problem. Using a standard protocol, each call was scored for trajectories of mother's breastfeeding self‐efficacy from opening to close of call. Calls showing an upward trajectory were defined as supporting (53%), those with no change were defined as ineffective (25%), and those with downward trajectory as undermining (22%). Using trajectory scores, case exemplars were purposively selected for detailed analysis of interactional sequences to identify strategies that distinguished outcome. The supportive call was distinguished by information sharing, mutual trust and respectful relationships, and personalized affirmation and advice. The ineffective call focused on technical aspects of breastfeeding, whereas the undermining call made moral judgements of mother's behaviour. The findings identify interactional quality of telephone support, not simply provision, as the key success factor in reactive telephone support. The findings also present interactional quality as a potential explanation for inconsistent outcomes in evaluation of reactive telehealth interventions to support breastfeeding.
Nutritional status and intestinal parasites among young children from pastoralist communities of the Ethiopian Somali region
Authors: Osman Kadra A. , Zinsstag Jakob , Tschopp Rea , Schelling Esther , Hattendorf Jan , Umer Abdurezak , Ali Seid , Cercamondi Colin I. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPastoralist children in the Ethiopian Somali Regional State (ESRS) are at high risk for undernutrition and intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs). We assessed the nutritional status and its association with IPIs in 500 children <5 years of age in a clustered cross‐sectional study in Adadle district, ESRS. Stool samples were microscopically examined for IPIs and biomarkers for iron and vitamin A status, anthropometry, and food variety score (FVS) were assessed. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) FVS was 2.0 (2.0, 4.0), and 35% of children were exclusively breastfed up to age 6 months. Prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight and mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) <12.5 cm was 30, 34, 40, and 16%, respectively. Median (IQR) haemoglobin, ferritin, and retinol‐binding protein concentrations were 9.5 g dL‐1 (8.2, 10.9), 6.2 μg L‐1 (4.0, 10.2), and 0.8 μmol L−1 (0.67, 0.91), respectively. Prevalence of anaemia, iron, and vitamin A deficiency was 75, 91, and 30%, respectively. IPIs' prevalence was 47%; the most prevalent IPIs were Giardia lamblia (22%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (15%). Giardial infections but not A. lumbricoides increased the risk for MUAC <12.5 cm (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] [2.21, 5.54]). The odds for anaemia were 97% (aOR: 0.03, 95% CI [0.03, 0.07]) and 89% (aOR: 0.11, 95% CI [0.11, 0.23]) less for children with FVS >2 or with exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months, respectively. Undernutrition and IPIs are alarmingly high in <5 years of age children in ESRS. Giardial infections and low nutritional adequacy of the diet seem to be major contributing factors to the precarious nutritional status and should be addressed by appropriate interventions.
Gut commensal bacteria show beneficial properties as wildlife probiotics
Authors: Stedman Anna , van Vliet Arnoud H. M. , A. Chambers Mark , Gutierrez‐Merino Jorge 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProbiotics are noninvasive, environmentally friendly alternatives for reducing infectious diseases in wildlife species. Our aim in the present study was to evaluate the potential of gut commensals such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as wildlife probiotics. The LAB selected for our analyses were isolated from European badgers (Meles meles), a wildlife reservoir of bovine tuberculosis, and comprised four different genera: Enterococcus, Weissella, Pediococcus, and Lactobacillus. The enterococci displayed a phenotype and genotype that included the production of antibacterial peptides and stimulation of antiviral responses, as well as the presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes; Weissella showed antimycobacterial activity owing to their ability to produce lactate and ethanol; and lactobacilli and pediococci modulated proinflammatory phagocytic responses that associate with protection against pathogens, responses that coincide with the presence of immunomodulatory markers in their genomes. Although both lactobacilli and pediococci showed resistance to antibiotics, this was naturally acquired, and almost all isolates demonstrated a phylogenetic relationship with isolates from food and healthy animals. Our results show that LAB display probiotic benefits that depend on the genus, and that lactobacilli and pediococci are probably the most obvious candidates as probiotics against infectious diseases in wildlife because of their food‐grade status and ability to modulate protective innate immune responses.
Pemphigus‐like eruption as a complication of molluscum contagiosum treatment with imiquimod in a 5‐year‐old girl
Authors: Zhong Connie S. , Hasbun Maria Trinidad , Jones Krystal M. , Schmidt Birgitta A.R. , Hussain Sadaf H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPemphigus and pemphigus‐like reactions can be triggered by a variety of medications including topical therapies, such as imiquimod. While the association between imiquimod and pemphigus‐like reactions has been reported in adults, this is the first report of a generalized reaction beyond the site of imiquimod application in a child. The mechanism by which this occurs may be through a unique pathway, separate from the classic antibody‐mediated pathway. Our patient had a full recovery without recurrence after cessation of the inciting drug.
Role of 904 nm superpulsed laser‐mediated photobiomodulation on nitroxidative stress and redox homeostasis in burn wound healing
Authors: Yadav Anju , Verma Saurabh , Keshri Gaurav K. , Gupta Asheesh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundBurn wound healing is delayed due to several critical factors such as sustained inflammation, vascular disorder, neuropathy, enhanced proteolysis, infection, and oxidative stress. Burn wounds have limited oxygen supply owing to compromised blood circulation. Hypoxic burn milieu leads to free radicals overproduction incurring oxidative injury, which impedes repair process causing damage to cell membranes, proteins, lipids, and DNA. Photobiomodulation (PBM) with 904 nm superpulsed laser had shown potent healing efficacy via attenuating inflammation while enhancing proliferation, angiogenesis, collagen accumulation, and bioenergetic activation in burn wounds.MethodsThis study investigated the effects of 904 nm superpulsed laser at 0.4 mW/cm2 average power density, 0.2 J/cm2 total energy density, 100 Hz frequency, and 200 ns pulse width for 10 min daily for seven days postburn injury on nitroxidative stress, endogenous antioxidants status, and redox homeostasis.ResultsPhotobiomodulation treatment significantly decreased reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation levels as compared to non‐irradiated control. Further, protective action of PBM against protein oxidative damage was evidenced by reduced protein carbonylation and advanced oxidation protein product levels along with significantly enhanced endogenous antioxidants levels of SOD, catalase, GPx, GST, reduced glutathione, and thiol (T‐SH, Np‐SH, P‐SH). Biochemical changes aid in reduction of oxidative stress and maintenance of redox homeostasis, which further well corroborated by significantly up‐regulated protein expression of Nrf 2, hemeoxygenase (HO‐1), and thioredoxin reductase 2 (Txnrd2).ConclusionPhotobiomodulation with 904 nm superpulsed laser led to reduction of nitroxidative stress, induction of endogenous antioxidants, and maintenance of redox homeostasis that could play a vital role in augmentation of burn wound healing.
Causal Mediation Analysis for Stochastic Interventions
Authors: Díaz Iván , Hejazi Nima S. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryMediation analysis in causal inference has traditionally focused on binary exposures and deterministic interventions, and a decomposition of the average treatment effect in terms of direct and indirect effects. We present an analogous decomposition of the population intervention effect, defined through stochastic interventions on the exposure. Population intervention effects provide a generalized framework in which a variety of interesting causal contrasts can be defined, including effects for continuous and categorical exposures. We show that identification of direct and indirect effects for the population intervention effect requires weaker assumptions than its average treatment effect counterpart, under the assumption of no mediator–outcome confounders affected by exposure. In particular, identification of direct effects is guaranteed in experiments that randomize the exposure and the mediator. We propose various estimators of the direct and indirect effects, including substitution, reweighted and efficient estimators based on flexible regression techniques, allowing for multivariate mediators. Our efficient estimator is asymptotically linear under a condition requiring n1/4-consistency of certain regression functions. We perform a simulation study in which we assess the finite sample properties of our proposed estimators. We present the results of an illustrative study where we assess the effect of participation in a sports team on the body mass index among children, using mediators such as exercise habits, daily consumption of snacks and overweight status.