bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An insight into the management of urinary bladder diverticulum: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Sengupta Soumish , Basu Supriya , Gupta Saurabh 
Published: November 2020

Background: The aim of the study is to retrospectively analyse the best mode of treatment for patients presenting with urinary bladder diverticulum. Methods: This study includes 46 patients who presented to the outpatient department between January of 2018 to March of 2020. They had lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and were later found on investigations with imaging like ultrasound and voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) as having bladder diverticulum with some cases associated with bladder outlet obstruction. Secondary causes were treated surgically or conservatively with clean intermittent catheterisation (CIC). Diverticulum was addressed with diverticulectomy when conservative management failed with recurrent LUTS or if the diverticulum was of a large size with significant post void residual urine. Results: Most of the patients with diverticulum associated with prostatomegaly or stricture urethra fared well after treatment of the underlying cause except one who underwent subsequent diverticulectomy. Four out of 5 patients with neurogenic bladder did well with CIC alone barring one who underwent diverticulectomy for a large sized diverticulum and refractory LUTS. Two patients with bladder growth involving the neck of diverticulum underwent partial cystectomy along with diverticulectomy. Four out of the remaining 8 patients with primary diverticulum were taken up for diverticulectomy directly and one underwent subsequent diverticulectomy for failed CIC. Conclusions: Not all urinary bladder diverticulum required surgical management per se. Most fared well with treatment of the underlying cause. So only those with large size, recurrent LUTS and failed management with CIC should be considered for diverticulectomy.
Virulence Gene Pattern of Pasteurella multocida Isolates of Buffalo in Association to Capsule Biosynthesis Genes
Authors: Sujatha N. , Kavitha K. Lakshmi , Subramanyam K.V. , Rao T. Srinivasa , Pushpa R.N. Ramani 
Published: November 2020

Background: Pasteurella multocida is the causative agent of many economically important diseases in a wide range of hosts. The mechanisms by which these bacteria can invade the mucosa, evade innate immunity and cause systemic disease are slowly being elucidated. Many key virulence factors are yet to be identified, including those required for initial attachment and invasion of host cells and for persistence in a relatively nutrient poor and hostile environment. This has led to intensive research to understand host adaptation mechanisms and virulence factors in order to develop effective vaccines. Methods: The present study was carried out to know the distribution of virulence genes viz., haemoglobin binding proteins (hgbA and hgbB), outer membrane protein (ompH), fimbrial antigen (ptfA), filamentous haemagglutinin (pfhA) and transferrin binding protein (tbpA) by PCR in P. multocida CapA isolates from apparently healthy or carrier animals and CapB isolates from field Haemorrhagic septicemia (HS) cases to monitor the epidemiological associations of virulence genes in Cap A and Cap B isolates.Result: The study revealed that all the six virulence associated genes were present in Cap B isolates. None of the Cap A isolates harboured tbpA and pfhA genes. These two genes were closely related to serotype B causing Haemorrhagic septicemia and were epidemiologically associated with disease status.
Testicular Biometry for Breeding Soundness Evaluation of Sahiwal Males Reared under Tropical Conditions
Authors: Abdullah Muzamil , Mohanty T.K. , Bhakat M. , Kumaresan A. , Singh A. , Mondal S. , Kerketta S. 
Published: November 2020

Background: The testicular biometry such as scrotal circumference (SC) and scrotal volume, affect semen quality hence bull fertility and thus testicular biometry can be used for breeding soundness of bulls. Methods: The present study was carried out to study the testicular parameters of 77 Sahiwal males of different ages and to establish its importance for selection of breeding bulls during 2015-2016 at ICAR-NDRI, Karnal. The testicular biometry of each male was done at monthly intervals using Vernier calliper, cloth tap and ultrasonography. Result: The semen quality parameters were significantly (P less than 0.05) more in the group having higher scrotal circumference. The scrotal circumference follows the curvilinear manner of growth from 12 months to greater than 72 months (correlation value of 0.92 and R2 0.84). The paired testicular volume (PTV) differed significantly (P less than 0.05) between different age group males. Scrotal circumference and paired testicular volume are directly related to semen quality hence bull fertility. Thus, testicular biometry is an important criterion for breeding soundness for selecting Sahiwal males.
Exploration of Neuropeptide Y Gene Variants and its Association with Growth, First Lactation Reproduction and Production Traits in Sahiwal Cattle
Authors: Pathak Prajwalita , Mukherjee Anupama , Mumtaz Shabahat , Nayak Vivek Kumar , Kumar Suchit , Yadav Alok Kumar 
Published: November 2020

Background: Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a 36-AA neurotransmitter involved in the control of appetite, feeding and energy homeostasis. The bovine NPY gene is located on chromosome 4 and consists of four exons. Earlier studies have reported that genes involved in feed intake regulation, energy production and energy regulation may affect different growth and production traits in cattle. Information associating NPY SNP to reproduction and production traits in dairy cattle is, however, limited. Hence, the present study was planned to explore SNPs in NPY gene and its possible association with reproduction and first lactation production traits in Sahiwal cattle. Methodology: DNA samples were isolated from blood that has collected from hundred and three Sahiwal cows. Three regions of NPY were amplified using designed primer pairs. The sequencing of the targeted regions was done in 103 Sahiwal cows. Least squares analysis of variance was carried out for unequal and non-orthogonal data using the technique described by Harvey (1990) to study effect of non-genetic factors. Significance of differences based on genotypes effect of growth, reproduction and production traits were tested by general linear models.Result: Sequence data analysis revealed two transversions in NPY gene. For these identified nucleotide variations, positions were A72073973C (intron 3) and C72068620A (intron 3). This is the first report of the presence of NPY gene polymorphism in purebred Bos indicus of Indian origin. For SNP A72073973C, performances of animals with homozygote AA genotype exhibited significantly higher milk production (P≤0.01) and growth performance (P≤0.05) than heterozygote genotype. Heterozygous genotype exhibited superior performance for the SNP C72068620A which was found to be significantly associated (P≤0.05) with 18M wt, WFS, WFC, FCI and FL305DMY.
Status of Subclinical Mastitis in Crossbred Cattle of Peri-urban Unorganized Herd of Middle Indo-gangetic Plains
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Kumari Rashmi Rekha , Kumar Abhay , Raman Rohan Kumar , Chandran P.C. , Kumar Manish 
Published: November 2020

Background: Mastitis is the most common and economically important disease of dairy cattle. Subclinical mastitis is a more important form in India than clinical mastitis. Subclinical mastitis (SCM) detection done by periodic examination of the udder health by evaluation of milk at the herd level or the individual cow level by milk somatic cell count (SCC), followed by culture of random milk samples. The presented study was undertaken by survey and sampling of milk from lactating crossbred cattle of unorganized dairy farms and farmer’s dairy of the peri-urban region of middle Indo-Gangetic Plains. The objective of the study was to monitor the status of SCM in crossbred cattle and associated changes in milk constitutes and oxidative stress in milk. Methods: A total of 147 lactating crossbred cattle were screened for SCM using the modified California Mastitis Test (CMT) using detergent based CMT reagent and compared with conventional CMT reagent, followed by SCC, milk constituents, bacterial isolation and antibiotic sensitivity testing (ABST). General information was collected in pre-tested questionnaire. The data obtained were statistically treated to evaluate significance of the study.Conclusion: The overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis in peri-urban cross-bred cattle was 36.74% which varied with parity and stage of milking. Prevalence of subclinical mastitis was highest (55.77%) in cross-bred cattle in mid-lactation and Parity 3-5. The mean SCC was significantly higher (7.21±0.27) in subclinical mastitis compared to CMT negative (3.66±0.06) milk sample. Somatic cell count was positively and significantly correlated with CMT reactions using conventional CMT reagent (rs= 0.86) as well as modified CMT reagent (rs=0.815) attempted using Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient. The mean values of milk pH, fat and lactic acid acidity increased significantly (P£0.01) in SCM compared to the milk of healthy cattle, except lactose which decreased significantly in SCM milk. The common contagious bacteria responsible for SCM isolate were coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp. (64.82%) isolates from these SCM milk followed by Streptococcus spp. ABST test conducted on random CMT positive milk sample indicated that gentamicin as most sensitive, followed by enrofloxacin. The present finding indicates the suitability of enrofloxacin as the most useful antibiotic for the treatment of subclinical mastitis in cross-bred cattle of the peri-urban area of middle Indo-Gangetic plains.
Quality Characteristics of Breast and Thigh Chicken Meat from Free- Range System: Comparative Antioxidant Profile of Indigenous and Improved Germplasm
Authors: Sehrawat Renuka , Sharma Rekha , Ahlawat Sonika , Sharma Vivek , Thakur M.S. , Kaur Manjeet , Mishra A.K. , Tantia M.S. 
Published: November 2020

Background: New chicken breeds are being evolved for backyard rural poultry production to overcome the slow growth, late sexual maturity and poor production of indigenous breeds. However, autochthonous poultry is epitomized for quality attributes of their products. With this in mind, the present study for the first time explored the antioxidant capacity of meat obtained from a unique Indian chicken, Kadaknath and a synthetic breed of poultry, Jabalpur colour (JBC). Methods: During the period 2018-2020, breast and thigh meat were collected from chickens (n=20/ group) at their commercial slaughter age (20 weeks). Meat extract was used for qualitative evaluation. Antioxidant activity was explored using five well established in vitro methods testing for different antioxidant mechanisms. Result: Both, Kadaknath and JBC meat was proteinaceous with higher protein concentration (g/100 g of wet weight) in the breast (Kadaknath, 25.21±0.31 and JBC, 25.65±0.39) than the thigh (Kadaknath, 19.98±0.29 and JBC, 19.04±0.23). Both the groups exhibited antioxidant capacity in all the assays. They showed good radical scavenging for ABTS and DPPH free radicals. Superiority of Kadaknath meat was ascertained unequivocally by the three assays viz. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), lipid oxidation inhibition (TBARS) and metal chelating capacity. FRAP values (mM Fe2+/g of tissue) were 26.97±0.37 and 33.85±0.47 (Kadaknath) and 22.84±0.25 and 26.82±0.36 (JBC) for breast and thigh, respectively. Similarly, Kadaknath meat was more potent (% inhibition) iron chelator (breast, 62.71±0.99 and thigh, 75.07±0.98) in comparison to the JBC (breast, 46.30±2.36 and thigh, 63.12±1.87). Breast meat had better scavenging capacity than the thigh except in FRAP and metal chelating assays. Results provide insight into the antioxidant potential of backyard poultry germplasm thus, laying foundation for developing marketing strategies targeting consumers interested in nutritional quality, animal welfare and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, baseline data has been generated for studying medicinal properties attributed to the black chicken meat of Kadaknath.
KONSTRUKSI WACANA CITRA KEPEMIMPINAN JOKO WIDODO DALAM PENANGANAN COVID-19 PADA INFOGRAFIS CNBC INDONESIA
Authors: SUPRAYITNO DEDE 
Published: November 2020

AbstraK
Sosok kepemimpinan Presiden Joko Widodo kian diuji selama menangani pandemi corona virus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Jelas saja, virus corona telah menyebabkan krisis multidimensi. Bukan hanya menghantam sektor kesehatan, krisis ini juga menekan ekonomi dan sosial. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kepemimpinan yang kuat untuk memobilisasi kekuatan bertahan di masa sulit. Langkah yang dilakukan Presiden Joko Widodo menentukan nasib 270 juta penduduk Indonesia. Tak heran bila setiap langkah yang diambil terekam baik di media cetak maupun elektronik. Salah satunya, konstruksi citra presiden yang terekam melalui informasi grafis (infografis). Melalui platfrom infografis, data menjadi lebih mudah dicerna. Dengan perpaduan teks tertulis maupun gambar, informasi menjadi lebih menarik. Infografis juga mampu memberikan makna melalui serangkaian tanda yang dibentuk dalam desain. Penelitian ini bertujuan, menggali konstruksi citra kepemimpinan Presiden Joko Widodo menangani pandemi Covid-19, yang terbingkai dalam infografis. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode penelitian analisis wacana kritis Norman Fairclough bersifat deskriptif. Yakni dengan mengambil contoh kasus praktik produksi infografis di media CNBC Indonesia. Data infografis diambil pada periode Maret hingga Juni 2020. Hasil penelitian ini mendeksripsikan bentuk konstruksi wacana citra Presiden Joko Widodo dalam teks infografis CNBC Indonesia. Presiden digambarkan sebagai sosok yang tanggap dalam penanganan pandemi Covid-19.
Kata Kunci: Kepemimpinan, Joko Widodo, Covid-19, Infografis, CNBC Indonesia
Prevalence of Nutrition- Impact Symptoms at Different Disease Stages among Paediatric Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
Authors: Nyaboke Okemwa Julian 
Published: November 2020

<p>Malnutrition incidence among patients with cancer ranges from 30% - 80% globally. Cancer is a major cause of death in Kenya after cardiovascular and infectious diseases. This research assessed the relationship between nutritional status and quality of life (QoL) of the 52 paediatric cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) Eldoret, Kenya. A cross-sectional analytical design was applied and the researcher administered a questionnaire and Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002) instruments were used for data collection. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used to analyse the data descriptively. The findings revealed that nutrition impact symptoms were more pronounced in the second and third stages of cancer where most of the respondents experienced vomiting (94.3%), decreased appetite (80.8%), and diarrhoea (69.23%). The use of the Nutrition Impact Symptom (NIS) checklist in the paediatric oncology clinic/ward triggers more therapeutic interventions. The awareness for NIS will likely evoke more research in assessment, impact, and treatment.</p>
Why size matters - the transport of expelled saliva droplets carrying SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Calles Alipio , Morán-López Jose 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
There is evidence that one of the most likely routes of transmission of the corona virus disease (COVID-19) is through the saliva droplets, that are produced while speaking, coughing or sneezing by infected people. The expelled droplets can measure between 0.4$ and 450 μm. Once the droplets are in the air, they are subject to the gravitational, and air frictional forces. Assuming a calm environment, i.e, no air currents, we solve numerically, to a very high accuracy, the coupled differential equations of motion, in two dimensions. We calculated, the residence time and the horizontal range, among other quantities, as a function of drop size and initial velocity, for particles expelled by a person at a height of 1.6 m. In the aerosol regime, i.e. sizes between 0.4$ and 5 μm, the drag forces quickly stop the droplets in their horizontal movement and they fall extremely slowly, almost vertically, pulled down by the gravitational force. The residence time is, in that size, 3.83 days to 33.3 minutes. The droplets with a diameter of 100 μm, can take 3.28 s, to reach the ground at a horizontal distance of 57 cm. Finally, the most massive droplets, with sizes of 450 μm$, may take only 0.67 s and fall 3.67 m away from the source.
By modeling the production of the number of saliva droplets with log-log Gaussian distributions in the size range 0.4 - 450 μm, the amount of virions expelled into the environment is estimated. Since those droplets remain suspended for a very long time, they can be carried very easily by air currents. Since recent studies show that the use of face masks reduce drastically the amount of droplets emitted to the air by an infected person and inhaled by a healthy one, we emphasize the great importance of using adequate face protection to minimize COVID-19, transmission.
Resiliency as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Aggressiveness and School Achievement – Differences Related to Gender and Levels of Physical Activity
Authors: Jochimek Magdalena , Łada-Maśko Ariadna , Lipowski Mariusz 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTaking part in physical activity has a major positive influence on the development of adolescents. Research shows that physical activity has an impact on cognitive and behavioral functioning. Aggressiveness is a factor negatively correlated with school achievement and resiliency is a protective factor for coping with stressful situations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mediation effect of resiliency as a dispositional protective factor in the relationship between aggressiveness and school achievement in the context of gender and levels of physical activity. MethodsThe research was carried out on N = 787 adolescents (Mage = 15.95; SD = .29) from the Pomeranian region in Poland. The participants were divided into three subgroups: 1) a non-active group, n = 130 (90 girls); 2) a Physical Education (PE) group, n = 490 (303 girls); and 3) an athlete group, n = 130 (65 girls). The following research tools were used in the study: a socio-demographic survey; a questionnaire about average grades at the end of the school year; the Adolescent Aggressiveness Questionnaire – Emotional Reactivity; and the Resiliency Assessment Scale for Children and Adolescents to evaluate resiliency levels. ResultsAnalyzing the average school grades, resiliency, as well as levels of aggressiveness and its components revealed statistically significant differences in terms of gender and physical activity. Furthermore, the effects of general aggressiveness level and all its components on average school grade, mediated by resiliency, proved insignificant for boys in all three research groups and for girls in the athlete group. However, the analysis showed a mediation effect of resiliency in relation to emotional irritability and average school grade in the group of non-active girls. The mediation analysis revealed significant mediation effects for emotional irritability, opposition, and verbal aggression, as well as for general aggressiveness levels in the group of PE girls. ConclusionsResiliency is a protective factor in the relation between aggressiveness and school achievement, especially in the female PE group. The mechanisms governing boys’ functioning seem different and require further research. Compulsory physical education classes may help build resources that facilitate learning.
Between Two Models: Exploring Exchange and Direct Procurement Strategies for Natufian Food Processing Tools of el-Wad Terrace, Israel
Authors: Rosenberg Danny , Gluhak Tatjana , Kaufman Daniel , Yeshurun Reuven , Weinstein-Evron Mina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present the results of a detailed geochemical provenance study of 54 Natufian (ca. 15,000–11,700 cal BP) basalt pestles from the site of el-Wad Terrace (EWT), Israel. It is the first time precise locations whence basalt raw materials derive are provided. The results indicate that the Natufian hunter-gatherers used multiple sources of basaltic rocks, distributed over a large area surrounding the Sea of Galilee. For EWT, this area is located at a considerable distance of ca. 60–120 km away, in a region where contemporaneous Natufian basecamps are few. We consider two possible models that suggest vehicles for the transportation of these artifacts to EWT, namely the exchange obtaining model (EOM) and the direct procurement model (DPM). We argue that these mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and may have operated together. We also suggest that at a time of increasing Natufian territoriality, a large area around the Sea of Galilee remained unclaimed. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the implications for the two models. In particular, we note that the DPM implies that technological know-how for pestle production was maintained within the EWT community.
Peripheral Levels of EPCs, T Cells, and Macrophages’ as Possible Predictive Biomarkers of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Salybekov Amankeldi , Sakai Katsuaki , Natsumeda Makoto , Vorateera Kosit , Kobayashi Shuzo , Ikari Yuji , Asahara Takayuki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), with a very relevant global disease burden, remains the major mortality and morbidity cause among all cardiovascular diseases. Patient prognosis is strictly dependent on early diagnosis and the adoption of adequate interventions. AMI diagnosis requires constant optimization, particularly considering the individuals at higher risk (or more vulnerable to worse outcomes) such as patients with diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Herein, we investigated the levels of peripheral blood EPCs and immune cell-subsets from myeloid and lymphoid lineages, as well as their temporal dynamics, in the quest for new prognostic biomarkers of AMI. We collected blood from 18 hospitalized patients (days 3 and 7 after AMI onset) and 16 healthy volunteers, and resolved their circulating PBMC populations via flow cytometry. Overall, our data demonstrate a significant decrease in peripheral EPCs and CD8+ T cells, three days following an AMI. EPCs appear to be functionally impaired in AMI patients, and their circulating numbers associate with cardiac vessel lesions. Furthermore, CD8+ T cells (and even M1-macrophages) in the periphery, in combination with the classical laboratory determinations, may serve as high accuracy biomarkers of AMI, potentially aiding to prevent worse AMI outcomes.