bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The perspective of our future doctors towards organ donation: a national representative study from India
Authors: Verma Madhur , Sharma Priyanka , Ranjan Sneha , Sahoo Soumya Swaroop , Aggarwal Ramnika , Mehta Kedar , Tariq Rabbanie , Kanwale Suchita , SK Shashi kantha , Mittal Anshu , Das Anupi , Galhotra Abhiruchi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionTimely donation of organs has helped many get a new life. But in India, the pace of Organ Donation and Transplant (ODT) has been disturbingly sluggish. There is a wide gap between patients who need transplants and the organs that are available in India. Doctors can play a pertinent role in decreasing this gap. Therefore, the present study was done to assess the knowledge, attitude, and perception of the medical students in India regarding Organ Donation (OD).Material and MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out among the undergraduate students (n=1463) in 10 different medical colleges across the country. Data were collected electronically through Google forms by using a pre-designed, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire.ResultsAbout 65% of students had a positive attitude regarding ODT. Most of the students acknowledged that Internet sources (57.7%) and print media (46.5%) played a significant role in their awareness. 83% of the students felt that there is a need for effective laws to regulate the process of ODT. It was encouraging that most of the students (69.6%) were not biased for the type of recipients for the organ.ConclusionIn the face of acute shortage of donated organs in India, the medical students can be the torchbearers of a positive change. Topics on ODT should be stressed in the initial years and during the early clinical exposure through rapid implementation of the revised Medical curriculum. They can motivate the general public and patients during their routine interactions to make this idea more accessible and acceptable.
Prevalence of ear morbidities among school children in Delhi, India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shekhar Himanshu , Khokhar Anita , Motwani Gul , Daral Shailaja 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Hearing impairment and ear diseases are among the world’s leading causes of years lived with disability. Ear disorders are a major health problem in developing countries like India. The present research had been planned to screen the primary school children for ear morbidity and to study the various factors associated with ear morbidities so that corrective intervention can be initiated at the earliest.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among all primary school children of two schools in Aliganj, Delhi. Complete enumeration of all the school children of these two primary schools was planned for this study. Modified version of World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) “Ten Question Plus” screening instrument was used, followed by Otoscopy examination, in all children for confirmation of ear disease, if any. Descriptive data analysis was performed.

Results
Out of the total 430 study subjects, ear morbidities were found in 198 (46.0%) study participants. Presence of ear morbidity showed significant association with overcrowding, absence of a separate kitchen, passive smoking, feeding young child in lying down position, upper respiratory tract infection (URI)˃3 episodes/year and allergy (p<0.05).

Conclusions
This study has highlighted the need to detect ear diseases at the earliest thereby avoiding complications. The health examination in the schools must include screening students for ear diseases to reduce the burden of hearing disability. Inputs from the study may be used for effective prioritization and planning for prevention and management of ear diseases at the primary school level.
The burden of the probable polycystic ovarian syndrome and its associated factor among college going late adolescents and young adults: a cross sectional analytical study in urban Puducherry, South India
Authors: Suresh Devipriyaa , Jayaseelan Venkatachalam , Sulgante Sudheera , Surendran Gayathri , Roy Gautam 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common metabolic and reproductive disorders among women of reproductive age. In low income and developing countries like India, there are very high chances of developing PCOS due to marked variation between culture, ethnic groups, diet, lifestyle and genetic factors. This study aims to determine the burden of probable PCOS among college going students in Puducherry.

Methods
A cross sectional study was carried out among students aged 18 years and above in a Government College for Women located in urban Puducherry. A total of 610 students were selected through a cluster random sampling technique. A pretested validated proforma was administered after obtaining informed consent.

Results
25.1% (21.8–28.7) of women were having probable PCOS, 18.7% (15.8–22.0) had irregular menstrual history, 8.4% (6.4–10.8) had Hirsutism and 2% (1.8–3.3) had both the symptoms. Regarding food habits, 43.1% were vegetarians and were having probable PCOS and this association was found to be statistically significant. No significant association was found between prevalence of probable PCOS and factors such as higher age, parental income, higher BMI and physical inactivity.

Conclusions
The present study found a high prevalence of probable PCOS among college going students, especially among study respondents who were obese, physically inactive and vegetarians compared to the counterpart. Earlier detection and proper management of the symptoms can avoid some major co-morbidity in the future. Therefore, screening is an important part in the diagnosis and management of PCOS among adolescent girls.
Comparison of the psychosocial impact on patients affected by cranio facial anomalies between traditional orthodontic brackets and aligners
Authors: Meazzini Maria Costanza , Tortora Chiara , Cohen Noah , Mazzoleni Fabio , Balbo Nicoletta , Donati Vera , Autelitano Luca 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Malocclusion affects the psychological wellness and social interaction, impacting negatively on adolescents’ quality of life and self-esteem. Facial attractiveness is mostly based on the esthetics of the smile and patients seek orthodontic treatment mainly to improve aesthetics. The aim of this prospective clinical study is to compare the psychosocial impact of aligners (AL) and fixed appliances (FA) as orthodontic treatments in patients affected by craniofacial anomalies (CFA).

Methods
100 syndromic Caucasian patients with CFA followed in two different hospitals were divided in two groups: 50 patients treated with AL and 50 patients treated with FA. The two groups were matched for gender, age and CFA and filled out a modified psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire (mPIDAQ).

Results
Patients affected by CFA treated with AL reported a better psychosocial impact than patients treated with FA, showing higher esthetic self-perception and self-esteem, lower social interaction impairments, and lower physical/practical disturbances.

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that AL could be a valid alternative, especially in complex patients with CFA. Since AL application requires more cooperative patients the orthodontist should dedicate more time to motivate the patient to adhere to the treatment schedule.
Concept-based curriculum: design and implementation strategies
Authors: Harrison Carmen V. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Novice nurses are struggling to exercise the critical thinking skill set needed to make competent clinical decisions in today’s complex health care environment. This poses immense threats to the health and safety of patients. To address this alarming concern, many prominent organizations have called for a widespread overhaul of nursing curricula.

Methods
A consistent theme among the recommendations for revising nursing curricula is the utilization of innovative curricula designs that focus on enhancing the critical thinking ability of nursing students, such as a concept-based curriculum.

Results
Planning and implementing a curriculum revision is an overwhelming undertaking.

Conclusions
Providing nurse educators with a guide on how to transition to a concept-based curriculum may help to facilitate a course revision.
Assessing the impact of mentorship on nurses’ and midwives’ knowledge and self-efficacy in managing postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Musabwasoni Marie Grace Sandra , Kerr Mickey , Babenko-Mould Yolanda , Nzayirambaho Manasse , Ngabonzima Anaclet 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Despite medical technology advancement, postpartum hemorrhage remains the top universal cause of maternal mortality. Factors note the inconsistency in recognition and timely treatment of women experiencing it, which suggests healthcare professionals’ mentorship about postpartum hemorrhage.

Methods
The study recruited 141 nurses and midwives and used instruments adapted to knowledge and self-efficacy to assess the impact of mentorship on nurses’ and midwives’ knowledge and self-efficacy in managing postpartum hemorrhage.

Results
There was an increase in knowledge from 68% prior to mentorship up to 87% and self-efficacy from 6.9 to 9.5 average score out of 10. Knowledge and self-efficacy correlated moderately positive at pre-mentorship (r=0.214) and strongly positive at post-mentorship (r=0.585). The number of mentorship visits attended was associated with post-mentorship knowledge scores (r=0.539) and post-mentorship self-efficacy (r=0.623).

Conclusions
Mentorship about management of postpartum hemorrhage increases nurses’ and midwives’ knowledge and self-efficacy in managing postpartum hemorrhage.
Rethinking second-century BC military service: the speech of Spurius Ligustinus
Authors: Biglino Fabrizio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeveral elements suggest that Polybius’ description of the Roman army in Book VI of hisHistoriesdepicts a rather outdated military system, making it hard to accept it as an up-to-date portrait of the legions by the mid-second century BC. After all, the Roman army had been experiencing a series of changes since the mid-third century that were affecting both the army’ structure and how citizens experienced military service. This paper argues that the famous episode of Spurius Ligustinus (Livy 42.34) contains several suggestions about the nature of these changes and their social ramifications. Although Livy embellished his source for rhetorical reasons, this episode still offers crucial evidence not only on the Roman army but especially, through the figure of Ligustinus himself, on the mid-Republican citizen-soldiers. Through a careful examination of key sections of this episode this paper aims to explore how, by this point, the army already presented features traditionally associated with Gaius Marius and his reforms, thus further emphasizing the outdatedness of Polybius’ description. By offering the very unique profile of an individual Roman citizen of the mid-second century and his relationship with military service, the speech of Ligustinus depicts a more believable and up-to-date representation of military service during the crucial decades of Roman Mediterranean expansion.
The Inflation Technique Completely Solves the Causal Compatibility Problem
Authors: Navascués Miguel , Wolfe Elie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe causal compatibility question asks whether a given causal structure graph — possibly involving latent variables — constitutes a genuinely plausible causal explanation for a given probability distribution over the graph’s observed categorical variables. Algorithms predicated on merely necessary constraints for causal compatibility typically suffer from false negatives, i.e. they admit incompatible distributions as apparently compatible with the given graph. In 10.1515/jci-2017-0020, one of us introduced the inflation technique for formulating useful relaxations of the causal compatibility problem in terms of linear programming. In this work, we develop a formal hierarchy of such causal compatibility relaxations. We prove that inflation is asymptotically tight, i.e., that the hierarchy converges to a zero-error test for causal compatibility. In this sense, the inflation technique fulfills a longstanding desideratum in the field of causal inference. We quantify the rate of convergence by showing that any distribution which passes the nth-order inflation test must be $\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
{O}{\left(n^{{{-}{1}}/{2}}\right)}
\end{array}$-close in Euclidean norm to some distribution genuinely compatible with the given causal structure. Furthermore, we show that for many causal structures, the (unrelaxed) causal compatibility problem is faithfully formulated already by either the first or second order inflation test.
A periodicity theorem for acylindrically hyperbolic groups
Authors: Bogopolski Oleg 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe generalize a well-known periodicity lemma from the case of free groups to the case of acylindrically hyperbolic groups. This generalization has been used to describe solutions of certain equations in acylindrically hyperbolic groups and to characterize verbally closed finitely generated acylindrically hyperbolic subgroups of finitely presented groups.
Generation of finite groups with cyclic Sylow subgroups
Authors: Dietrich Heiko , Low Darren 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
M. C. Slattery [Generation of groups of square-free order, J. Symbolic Comput. 42 2007, 6, 668–677] described computational methods to enumerate, construct and identify finite groups of squarefree order.
We generalise Slattery’s result to the class of finite groups that have cyclic Sylow subgroups and provide an implementation for the computer algebra system GAP.
Bridging Gaps in the Development of CBRN Defense Technologies Through Multi-Sectorial Collaboration–A Call for Action
Authors: Bodas Moran , Kimhi Yuval , Robin Guy , Krasner Esther 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The past decade brought about a dramatic change in the global Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) risk with a reduction of the threat of war and an increase in risk of terrorism. These changes have a considerable influence on the development of CBRN defense technologies: from highly predictable scenarios with relatively good risk assessment and intelligence capabilities, to a wide variety of scenarios with limited predictive capabilities in the case of terrorism. First responders are challenged to deal with multilateral issues, which are more complex than ever before. As long as the threat was state-posed and in a war context, CBRN technologies were developed in light of defense authorities’ demands. Nowadays, with the diminishing wartime threat, the market is left “unsupervised.” Manufacturers and developers are adopting their technologies with limited to no feedback and support of the end-users. In turn, this leads to suboptimal technological results from the operational point-of-view. This paper calls for a multi-sectorial, joint venture between academia, industry, government and first responders. Such collaboration should seek a non-competitive, financially stable environment to bridge gaps in the development of defense technologies that are adapted to the rapidly changing threats. Examples and discussion will be provided.
Collocated Finite-Volume Method for the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Problem
Authors: Terekhov Kirill M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The article introduces a collocated finite-volume method for the incompressible Navier-Stokes problem. The method applies to general polyhedral grids and demonstrates higher than the first order of convergence. The velocity components and the pressure are approximated by piecewise-linear continuous and piecewise-constant fields, respectively. The method does not require artificial boundary conditions for pressure but requires stabilization term to suppress the error introduced by piecewise-constant pressure for convection-dominated problems. Both the momentum and continuity equations are approximated in a flux-conservative fashion, i.e. the conservation for both quantities is discretely exact. The attractive side of the method is a simple flux-based finite-volume construction of the scheme. Applicability of the method is demonstrated on several numerical tests using general polyhedral grids.
Evaluation of quantum dot light-emitting diodes synchronization under optically feedback
Authors: Al Husseini Hussein B. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Chaos synchronization of two quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QDLEDs) theoretically is studied, which are via a closed or open-loop and mutual coupling system. Whereas the synchronized-chaotic systems, the dynamics of there are identical to uncoupled dot light-emitting diodes (DLEDs) under optical feedback effect. Complete synchronization was obtained under certain conditions for the coupling parameters. We evaluated the range of the QDLED’s chaos with extrinsic optical feedback in methods of the chaos synchronization residue diagram and discussion as well as the coherence for the optimal coupling strength range. With proper conditions of the coupling parameters and the evaluation methods, the synchronization was satisfactorily obtained between the transmitter and receiver.
Individualized sex-specific birth weight percentiles for gestational age based on maternal height and weight
Authors: Voigt Manfred , Rochow Niels , Landau-Crangle Erin , Meyer-Kahrweg Lena Marie , Olbertz Dirk M. , Kunze Mirjam , Nikischin Werner , Wittwer-Backofen Ursula , Rochow Markus , Däbritz Jan , Hentschel Roland 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The maternal body size affects birth weight. The impact on birth weight percentiles is unknown. The objective of the study was to develop birth weight percentiles based on maternal height and weight.

Methods
This observational study analyzed 2.2 million singletons from the German Perinatal Survey. Data were stratified into 18 maternal height and weight groups. Sex-specific birth weight percentiles were calculated from 31 to 42 weeks and compared to percentiles from the complete dataset using the GAMLSS package for R statistics.

Results
Birth weight percentiles not considering maternal size showed 22% incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) and 2% incidence of large for gestational age (LGA) for the subgroup of newborns from petite mothers, compared to a 4% SGA and 26% LGA newborns from big mothers. The novel percentiles based on 18 groups stratified by maternal height and weight for both sexes showed significant differences between identical original percentiles. The differences were up to almost 800 g between identical percentiles for petite and big mothers. The 97th and 50th percentile from the group of petite mothers almost overlap with the 50th and 3rd percentile from the group of big mothers.

Conclusions
There is a clinically significant difference in birth weight percentiles when stratified by maternal height and weight. It could be hypothesized that birth weight charts stratified by maternal anthropometry could provide higher specificity and more individual prediction of perinatal risks. The new percentiles may be used to evaluate estimated fetal as well as birth weight.
Retrospective study of maternal and neonatal outcomes after induction compared to spontaneous start of labour in women with one previous birth in uncomplicated pregnancies ≥ 41+3
Authors: Lindegren Lina , Stuart Andrea , Carlsson Fagerberg Marie , Källén Karin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To study the association between induction and outcome among two-parous women in uncomplicated pregnancies ≥ 41+3, stratified by first labour delivery mode and conditions present at first delivery.

Methods
The Swedish Medical Birth Register was used to identify 58,964 uncomplicated singleton pregnancies among women with one previous birth between 1998 and 2014. Women with any registered pregnancy complications were excluded to minimise the risk for indication bias. The outcomes considered were emergency caesarean section (CS), and poor neonatal outcome (Apgar score <7 at 5 min, neonatal death, or meconium aspiration).

Results
Women who were induced at their second labour had higher emergency CS rates compared to women in spontaneously started deliveries (adjusted risk ratio, ARR: 2.11; 95% CI: 2.00–2.23). Low Apgar score was more common after induction compared to spontaneously started labours (1.0 vs. 0.7%) (ARR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.18–1.77). Increased CS rates were also found when comparing induction at 41 + 3 to 41 + 6 weeks to labour at 42 weeks or more, regardless of labour start (ARR 1.39; 95% CI: 1.26–1.52).

Conclusions
We found an increased risk of CS and poor neonatal outcome after second labour induction in prolonged pregnancies. The second labour vaginal success rate after induction was highly dependent, on first labour delivery mode, but also on diagnoses and conditions present at the first delivery.
Evaluation of the labour process with serial transperineal ultrasonography and prediction of the type of birth
Authors: Bulut Ayca Nazli , Ceyhan Venhar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study is to follow the birth process with transperineal ultrasonography (TPU) and predict the delivery method using angle of progression (AOP).

Methods
The study included 134 patients. The AOP was examined with TPU in the lithotomy position applied at 4-h intervals, not at a time of straining or contractions. The relationship was examined between AOP and those who continued with vaginal delivery, and those who underwent caesarean section delivery.

Results
A total of 122 (91%) patients had vaginal delivery and 12 (9%) patients had cesarean delivery. In patients giving vaginal delivery, progress in AOP was observed in every 4-h measurement, but not in patients with cesarean section. In the ROC analysis, if 70% sensitivity and 75% specificity with AOP degree >132.5°, the patient was expected to have vaginal delivery with a probability of 77.5% (95% CI 0.62–0.93; p=0.002).

Conclusions
Rather than repeating digital examinations, the labour process can be monitored with serial TPU and the type of delivery can be predicted. There is a need for further studies for the measurement of AOP with TPU to become a part of clinical practice in the monitoring of the whole labour process.
Orientation, Indexicality, and Comparisons
Authors: von Sass Hartmut 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn his 1786 essay, What does it mean to orient oneself in thinking?, Kant characterizes the business of reasoning by referring to the use of the spatial orientations ‘right’ and ‘left’; he, then, extents his analysis to mathematical and logical ways of orientation. The following paper will start off by analyzing the Kantian standard account of orientation to, eventually, amend that account by deepening and correcting it in three respects: the indexical character of orientation that is due to the particular standpoint of the subject who is oriented by a particular cluster of available reference points; the twofold comparative procedure of orientation in which a situation is assessed by virtue of a practically justified and indexically structured net of orientation; and the receptive modes of orientation, mirroring the ‘existential’ fact that the subject is already oriented to a situation by established institutions. The paper ends in briefly considering the pitfalls and benefits of being disoriented.