bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of Field-Collected Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Strains Exposed to Different Transgenic and Refuge Maize Hybrids in Argentina
Authors: Murúa María G , Vera Martín A , Michel Andrew , Casmuz Augusto S , Fatoretto Julio , Gastaminza Gerardo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) is one of the major pests of maize in Argentina. The main tool for its control is the use of genetically modified maize hybrids expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins. Maize growers in Argentina initially controlled this pest with Bt maize that expressed a single Bt protein (Cry1Ab or Cry1F). Currently it is necessary to plant maize cultivars that produce two Bt proteins to achieve the satisfactory control. Recently, Cry1F field-evolved resistant populations of this species were confirmed in Argentina. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of S. frugiperda field-collected strains on different Bt and non-Bt maize hybrids. Strains were collected from non-Bt maize (T1), Agrisure TDMax (T2), Agrisure Viptera (T3), Agrisure Viptera 3110 (T4), Genuity VT Triple Pro (T5), and Power Core (T6). Three experiments were performed to 1) determine the survivorship and reproduction of field-collected larvae (F0) from Bt maize hybrids, 2) evaluate Cry1F resistance using an F1 screen, and 3) assess the performance of F1 strains on different maize hybrids. In the F0, the survivorship from larva to adult ranged from 0 to 63%. We obtained adults from only the T1, T2, T5, and T6 strains with no significant differences in the reproductive parameters. Continuously rearing F1 larvae on their collected hosts affected larval duration, which was significantly shorter for a known-laboratory Bt-susceptible strain than the field-collected strains. Our results support the existence of Cry1F-resistance alleles in S. frugiperda field populations in Argentina.
Genetic Diversity of Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) in Peninsular Malaysia and Molecular Detection of Its Potential Associated Pathogens
Authors: Mokhtar Aida Syafinaz , Ling Lau Yee , Wilson John-James , Abdul-Aziz Noraishah Mydin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Pediculosis capitis caused by Pediculus humanus capitis (De Geer) is endemic all over the world, and children are mostly affected, particularly those living in overcrowded institutions. Several studies have shown that P. h. capitis carried human pathogenic bacteria, suggesting the potential role of head lice in the transmission of pathogens to humans. In this study, we determined the genetic diversity of head lice collected from welfare homes sheltering underprivileged children by using DNA barcoding and demonstrated the presence of Acinetobacter spp., Serratia marcescens, and Staphylococcus aureus in head lice, which have never been investigated before in Malaysia. Cox1 DNA barcoding identified the head lice, P. h. capitis collected from welfare homes across two geographical areas of Peninsular Malaysia as belonging to clades A, B, and D. Acinetobacter bacteria: Acinetobacter guillouiae, Acinetobacter junii, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Acinetobacter nosocomialis were detected in head lice belonging to clades A and also D. In addition, DNA from S. marcescens and S. aureus were also detected in both clades A and D. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the genetic diversity of head lice in Malaysia through DNA barcoding, as well as the first to provide molecular evidence on the type of bacteria occurring in head lice in Malaysia. It is anticipated that the DNA barcoding technique used in this study will be able to provide rapid and accurate identification of arthropods, in particular, medically important ectoparasites.
Swift UVOT grism observations of nearby Type Ia supernovae – II. Probing the progenitor metallicity of SNe Ia with ultraviolet spectra
Authors: Pan Y-C , Foley R J , Jones D O , Filippenko A V , Kuin N P M 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Ultraviolet (UV) observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are crucial for constraining the properties of their progenitor systems. Theoretical studies predicted that the UV spectra, which probe the outermost layers of an SN, should be sensitive to the metal content of the progenitor. Using the largest SN Ia UV (λ &lt; 2900 Å) spectroscopic sample obtained from Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, we investigate the dependence of UV spectra on metallicity. For the first time, our results reveal a correlation (∼2σ) between SN Ia UV flux and host-galaxy metallicities, with SNe in more metal-rich galaxies (which are likely to have higher progenitor metallicities) having lower UV flux level. We find that this metallicity effect is only significant at short wavelengths (λ ≲ 2700 Å), which agrees well with the theoretical predictions. We produce UV spectral templates for SNe Ia at peak brightness. With our sample, we could disentangle the effect of light-curve shape and metallicity on the UV spectra. We also examine the correlation between the UV spectra and SN luminosities as parametrized by Hubble residuals. However, we do not see a significant trend with Hubble residuals. This is probably due to the large uncertainties in SN distances, as the majority of our sample members are extremely nearby (redshift z ≲ 0.01). Future work with SNe discovered in the Hubble flow will be necessary to constrain a potential metallicity bias on SN Ia cosmology.
Reverse genetics-based biochemical studies of the ribosomal exit tunnel constriction region in eukaryotic ribosome stalling: spatial allocation of the regulatory nascent peptide at the constriction
Authors: Takamatsu Seidai , Ohashi Yubun , Onoue Noriyuki , Tajima Yoko , Imamichi Tomoya , Yonezawa Shinya , Morimoto Kyoko , Onouchi Hitoshi , Yamashita Yui , Naito Satoshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA number of regulatory nascent peptides have been shown to regulate gene expression by causing programmed ribosome stalling during translation. Nascent peptide emerges from the ribosome through the exit tunnel, and one-third of the way along which β-loop structures of ribosomal proteins uL4 and uL22 protrude into the tunnel to form the constriction region. Structural studies have shown interactions between nascent peptides and the exit tunnel components including the constriction region. In eukaryotes, however, there is a lack of genetic studies for the involvement of the constriction region in ribosome stalling. Here, we established transgenic Arabidopsis lines that carry mutations in the β-loop structure of uL4. Translation analyses using a cell-free translation system derived from the transgenic Arabidopsis carrying the mutant ribosome showed that the uL4 mutations reduced the ribosome stalling of four eukaryotic stalling systems, including those for which stalled structures have been solved. Our data, which showed differential effects of the uL4 mutations depending on the stalling systems, explained the spatial allocations of the nascent peptides at the constriction that were deduced by structural studies. Conversely, our data may predict allocation of the nascent peptide at the constriction of stalling systems for which structural studies are not done.
Accurate inference of the full base-pairing structure of RNA by deep mutational scanning and covariation-induced deviation of activity
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Xiong Peng , Zhang Tongchuan , Wang Junfeng , Zhan Jian , Zhou Yaoqi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDespite the large number of noncoding RNAs in human genome and their roles in many diseases include cancer, we know very little about them due to lack of structural clues. The centerpiece of the structural clues is the full RNA base-pairing structure of secondary and tertiary contacts that can be precisely obtained only from costly and time-consuming 3D structure determination. Here, we performed deep mutational scanning of self-cleaving CPEB3 ribozyme by error-prone PCR and showed that a library of &lt;5 × 104 single-to-triple mutants is sufficient to infer 25 of 26 base pairs including non-nested, nonhelical, and noncanonical base pairs with both sensitivity and precision at 96%. Such accurate inference was further confirmed by a twister ribozyme at 100% precision with only noncanonical base pairs as false negatives. The performance was resulted from analyzing covariation-induced deviation of activity by utilizing both functional and nonfunctional variants for unsupervised classification, followed by Monte Carlo (MC) simulated annealing with mutation-derived scores. Highly accurate inference can also be obtained by combining MC with evolution/direct coupling analysis, R-scape or epistasis analysis. The results highlight the usefulness of deep mutational scanning for high-accuracy structural inference of self-cleaving ribozymes with implications for other structured RNAs that permit high-throughput functional selections.
Treatment of giant-cell arteritis: from broad spectrum immunosuppressive agents to targeted therapies
Authors: Cid Maria C , Ríos-Garcés Roberto , Terrades-García Nekane , Espígol-Frigolé Georgina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFor decades, the treatment of GCA has relied on glucocorticoids. Work over the past two decades has supported a modest efficacy of MTX but no clear benefit from anti-TNF-based therapies. More recently, the therapeutic armamentarium for GCA has expanded. The availability of agents targeting specific cytokines, cytokine receptors or signalling pathways, along with a better, although still limited, understanding of the immunopathology of GCA, are opening further therapeutic possibilities. Blocking IL-6 receptor with tocilizumab has been effective in maintaining remission and reducing glucocorticoid exposure and tocilizumab has been approved for the treatment of GCA. However, nearly half of the patients do not benefit from tocilizumab and additional options need to be investigated. This review focuses on standard therapeutic approaches and on targeted therapies that have been or are currently under investigation.
Relapse predictors and serologically unstable condition of IgG4-related disease: a large Chinese cohort
Authors: Liu Yanying , Zeng Qiaozhu , Zhu Lijuan , Gao Jingyuan , Wang Ziqiao , Wang Zhenfan , Yang Fei , Wang Kunkun , Chen Da , Xia Changsheng , Zhang Shanshan , Wang Yi , Shen Danhua , Yu Guangyan , Li Zhan-Guo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Patients with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) typically respond well to initial glucocorticoid therapy, but always relapse with tapered or maintenance dosage of steroid. We aimed to identify the risk factors for relapse of IgG4-RD and explore the impact of active intervention on the serologically unstable condition.

Methods
We performed a retrospective study of 277 IgG4-RD patients at Peking University People’s Hospital from February 2012 through February 2019. They were all followed for &gt;4 months. The primary outcome was patient relapse. Data on recurrence of IgG4-RD symptoms, laboratory and image findings were recorded, along with information on treatment in the serologically unstable condition.

Results
The cumulative relapse rate was 12.86%, 27.84% and 36.1% at 12, 24 and 36 months, respectively. Younger age at onset, younger age at diagnosis, longer time from diagnosis to treatment and history of allergy were associated with relapse. Identified independent risk factors were longer time from diagnosis to treatment and history of allergy. When serum IgG4 level was 20%, 50% or 100% higher than that of the remission period, similar percentages of patients finally relapsed, regardless of whether they were in the immunosuppression intensified or non-intensified group. Median duration from serum IgG4 level instability to relapse in the intensified and non-intensified group was not statistically different.

Conclusion
The risk factors of relapse were longer time from diagnosis to treatment and history of allergy. Intervention in the serologically unstable condition was not helpful for reducing relapse rate.
Dual orexin receptor antagonists increase sleep and cataplexy in wild type mice
Authors: Mahoney Carrie E , Mochizuki Takatoshi , Scammell Thomas E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Orexin receptor antagonists are clinically useful for treating insomnia, but thorough blockade of orexin signaling could cause narcolepsy-like symptoms. Specifically, while sleepiness is a desirable effect, an orexin antagonist could also produce cataplexy, sudden episodes of muscle weakness often triggered by strong, positive emotions. In this study, we examined the effects of dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs), lemborexant (E2006) and almorexant, on sleep–wake behavior and cataplexy during the dark period in wild-type (WT) mice and prepro-orexin knockout (OXKO) mice. In WT mice, lemborexant at 10 and 30 mg/kg quickly induced NREM sleep in a dose-dependent fashion. In contrast, lemborexant did not alter sleep–wake behavior in OXKO mice. Under the baseline condition, cataplexy was rare in lemborexant-treated WT mice, but when mice were given chocolate as a rewarding stimulus, lemborexant dose-dependently increased cataplexy. Almorexant produced similar results. Collectively, these results demonstrate that DORAs potently increase NREM and REM sleep in mice via blockade of orexin signaling, and higher doses can cause cataplexy when co-administered with a likely rewarding stimulus.
An Examination of Medical Malpractice Claims Involving Physician Trainees
Authors: Myers Laura C. , Gartland Rajshri M. , Skillings Jillian , Heard Lisa , Bittner Edward A. , Einbinder Jonathan , Metlay Joshua P. , Mort Elizabeth 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
To identify patient-, provider-, and claim-related factors of medical malpractice claims in which physician trainees were directly involved in the harm events.

Method
The authors performed a case–control study using medical malpractice claims closed between 2012–2016 and contributed to the Comparative Benchmarking System database by teaching hospitals. Using the service extender flag, they classified claims as cases if physician trainees were directly involved in the harm events. They classified claims as controls if they were from the same facilities, but trainees were not directly involved in the harm events. They performed multivariable regression with predictor variables being patient and provider characteristics. The outcome was physician trainee involvement in harm events.

Results
From the original pool of 30,973 claims, there were 581 cases and 2,610 controls. The majority of cases involved residents (471, 81%). Cases had a statistically significant higher rate of having a trainee named as defendants than controls (184, 32% vs 233, 9%; P < .001). The most common final diagnosis for cases was puncture or laceration during surgery (62, 11%). Inadequate supervision was a contributing factor in 140 (24%) cases overall, with the majority (104, 74%) of these claims being procedure related. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that trainees were most likely to be involved in harm events in specialties such as oral surgery/dentistry and obstetrics–gynecology (OR = 7.99, 95% CI 2.93, 21.83 and OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.24, 2.66, respectively), when performing procedures (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.27, 1.96), or when delivering care in the emergency room (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.43, 1.91).

Conclusions
Among claims involving physician trainees, procedures were common and often associated with inadequate supervision. Training directors of surgical specialties can use this information to improve resident supervision policies. The goal is to reduce the likelihood of future harm events.
Comparison of Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Rates of Individuals With and Without Prader-Willi Syndrome
Authors: van Bosse Harold J.P. , Gantz Marie G. , Ong Kevin L. , Cox Jessica B. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex genetic condition, affecting between 1:10,000 and 1:30,000. The prevalence of hip dysplasia in children with PWS is reportedly between 8% and 30%, but the long-term consequences of residual hip dysplasia remain largely unknown in this population. The purpose of this study was to comparatively estimate the number of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures performed on adults with and without PWS, using a national hospital discharge database, in an effort to elucidate long-term outcomes and guide clinicians treating orthopaedic concerns in younger individuals with PWS.

Methods:
The National Inpatient Sample of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project is the largest all-payer inpatient care database, containing annual data from >7 million hospital stays; sampling weights and stratification variables are provided for producing estimates of >35 million hospitalizations nationwide. THA and TKA procedures were identified, then stratified by whether or not the patient had a diagnosis of PWS. The ages of the 2 groups and sex mix were compared, as was the length of stay for the procedure, and discharge status.

Results:
From 2004 to 2014, 9.4 million patients nationwide, by weighted estimate, underwent THA (3.1 million) or TKA (6.3 million). Sixty-five patients were identified as having the diagnosis of PWS (39 with THA, 26 with TKA); 7 patients per million having hip or knee arthroplasties had PWS. Sixty-eight percent of those with PWS were younger than 50 years, compared with only 7% of those without PWS (P<0.001). The female:male prevalence was 47:53 for patients with PWS and 60:40 for the total group. The mean length of stay was similar, but patients with PWS were more likely to be transferred to another facility after surgery (77% vs. 36%; P=0.008).

Conclusions:
Hip dysplasia prevalence is higher in persons with PWS, but the rate of late treatment with THA is much lower than in the general population. We recommend only active observation for stable and improving hips in young children with PWS, as the consequences of overtreatment can be serious, including further delaying their neuromuscular development, and exposure to possibly unnecessary perioperative risks.

Level of Evidence:
Nation-wide database analysis, Level IV.
Surgical Trends in the Treatment of Supracondylar Humerus Fractures in Early Career Practice: An American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Part-II Database Study
Authors: Ralles Steven , Murphy Michael , Bednar Michael S. , Fishman Felicity G. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures are the most common elbow injury in children, accounting for 12% to 17% of all childhood fractures. A lack of information exists regarding complication rates on the basis of fellowship status and geography.

Methods:
The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Part-II database was used to identify candidates who performed either percutaneous or open treatment of humeral supracondylar or transcondylar fractures between 2002 and 2016 on patients aged 0 to 12 years. Candidates were categorized by fellowship training experience. Information analyzed included fellowship status, surgical procedure, complications, and geographic location of treatment. Data were analyzed utilizing the χ2 and Fischer exact tests and were considered significant if P≤0.05.

Results:
A total of 9169 cases (mean, 5.36+2.27 y; range, 0 to 12) were identified between 2002 and 2016, 8615 of which were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning, whereas 554 were treated with an open procedure. The 5 most common fellowships treating these fractures were listed as pediatrics (4106), sports medicine (1004), none (912), trauma (732), and hand/upper extremity (543). Pediatrics performed the highest number of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), however, reported the statistically lowest percentage of ORIF. A statistically significant difference was identified between surgical complication rates and fellowship specialties, with pediatrics having the lowest complication rate (7.0%), followed by no fellowship (8.2%), trauma (9.0%), sports medicine (9.8%), and hand/upper extremity (11.2%) (P<0.001). This significant difference was also present when analyzing closed reduction and percutaneous pinning alone (P=0.002), however, not with the analysis of ORIF.

Conclusions:
Early career pediatric fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeons are more likely to treat pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures. Overall, although they treat more patients with ORIF than any other group, their percentage treated with ORIF is statistically the lowest. A significant difference in reported complication rates was found to be associated with specific fellowship training, with pediatric fellowship-trained surgeons having the fewest complications and foot/ankle fellowship-trained surgeons associated with the highest rate of reported surgical complications.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective cohort study.
Near-Infrared–Based Cerebral Oximetry for Prediction of Severe Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Children After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Flechet Marine , Güiza Fabian , Scharlaeken Isabelle , Vlasselaers Dirk , Desmet Lars , Van den Berghe Greet , Meyfroidt Geert 
Published: December 2019

Objectives:
Cerebral oximetry by near-infrared spectroscopy is used frequently in critically ill children but guidelines on its use for decision making in the PICU are lacking. We investigated cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy oximetry in its ability to predict severe acute kidney injury after pediatric cardiac surgery and assessed its additional predictive value to routinely collected data.

Design:
Prospective observational study. The cerebral oximeter was blinded to clinicians.

Setting:
Twelve-bed tertiary PICU, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium, between October 2012 and November 2015.

Patients:
Critically ill children with congenital heart disease, younger than 12 years old, were monitored with cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy oximetry from PICU admission until they were successfully weaned off mechanical ventilation.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
The primary outcome was prediction of severe acute kidney injury 6 hours before its occurrence during the first week of intensive care. Near-infrared spectroscopy-derived predictors and routinely collected clinical data were compared and combined to assess added predictive value. Of the 156 children included in the analysis, 55 (35%) developed severe acute kidney injury. The most discriminant near-infrared spectroscopy-derived predictor was near-infrared spectroscopy variability (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.67–0.68), but was outperformed by a clinical model including baseline serum creatinine, cyanotic cardiopathy pre-surgery, blood pressure, and heart frequency (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.75–0.75; p < 0.001). Combining clinical and near-infrared spectroscopy information improved model performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.79–0.80; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
After pediatric cardiac surgery, near-infrared spectroscopy variability combined with clinical information improved discrimination for acute kidney injury. Future studies are required to identify whether supplementary, timely clinical interventions at the bedside, based on near-infrared spectroscopy variability analysis, could improve outcome.