bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Gender Roles in Philippine Fishing Communities
Authors: Torell Elin , Castro Joan , Lazarte Alfredo , Bilecki Danielle 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA gender analysis implemented to identify gender norms, resource use patterns and power relationships in fishing communities in the Philippines revealed that the roles of women and men are deeply integrated, but unequal, especially in relation to workload, leadership and decision‐making. Reaching 666 individuals across 26 villages, the analysis found that men access high‐value species whereas nearshore and shallow ecosystems are controlled by both women and men. Strengthening gender roles and forwarding ecosystem‐based fisheries management will require challenging social constructs, growing women's confidence and recognizing the ‘invisible’ work of women in households and the fisheries sector. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Discrimination of botanical origin of olive oil from selected Greek cultivars by SPME‐GC‐MS and ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics
Authors: Revelou Panagiota‐Kyriaki , Pappa Charis , Kakouri Eleni , Kanakis Charalabos D , Papadopoulos George K , Pappas Christos S , Tarantilis Petros A 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDConsumers today wish to know the botanical origin of the olive oil they purchase. The objective of the present study was the development of robust chemometric models based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) for the purpose of botanical differentiation of three commercial Greek olive oil cultivars.RESULTSUsing the solid‐phase microextraction technique (SPME), volatile compounds (VC) were obtained and analyzed by GC‐MS. Five hydrocarbons and one ester were selected by the forward stepwise algorithm, which best discriminated the olive oil samples. From ATR‐FTIR analysis, the spectral regions chosen from the forward stepwise algorithm were associated with CO stretching vibration of the esters of triglycerides and the CH bending vibrations of the CH2 aliphatic group and double bonds. Application of the supervised methods of linear and quadratic discriminant cross‐validation analysis, based on VC data, provided a correct classification score of 97.4% and 100.0%, respectively. Corresponding statistical analyses were used in the mid‐infrared spectra, by which 96.1% of samples were discriminated correctly.CONCLUSIONATR‐FTIR and SPME‐GC‐MS techniques in conjunction with the appropriate feature selection algorithm and classification methods proved to be powerful tools for the authentication of Greek olive oil. The proposed methodology could be used in an industrial setting for determination of the botanical origin of Greek olive oil. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Caffeic acid modulates methane production and rumen fermentation in an opposite way with high‐forage or high‐concentrate substrate in vitro
Authors: Jin Qing , You Wei , Tan Xiuwen , Liu Guifen , Zhang Xianglun , Liu Xiaomu , Wan Fachun , Wei Chen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant secondary metabolites, including tannins, saponins and phenolic acids, possess potential methane (CH4) inhibition bioactivity. Caffeic acid (CA), as one of the typical phenolic acids, serves as a promising rumen CH4 inhibitor, but the underlying mechanisms and investigations with typical formulated rations are still not well documented. Therefore, a batch culture study was conducted to investigate the effects of CA on methanogenesis, rumen fermentation and growth of ruminal microorganisms when high‐forage or high‐concentrate substrates are fermented.RESULTSAfter 48 h incubations, adding CA up to 40 g kg−1 dry matter linearly reduced (P < 0.05) the disappearance of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber (NDFD), total gas, methanogenesis, total volatile fatty acid and 16S rDNA copy numbers of Ruminococcus albus and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, and increased 16S rDNA copy numbers of methanogens for the high‐forage treatment. For the high‐concentrate treatment, CA exerted opposite effects (P < 0.05) on the above variables, except that CA did not affect (P > 0.05)16S rDNA copy numbers of methanogens or R. albus.CONCLUSIONCaffeic acid inhibited in vitro methanogenesis and rumen fermentation with high‐forage substrate incubation. Contrarily, CA benefited in vitro fermentation and enhanced methanogenesis with high‐concentrate substrate incubation. It suggests that CA modulates methanogenesis and rumen fermentation mainly by affecting the growth of cellulolytic bacteria in vitro. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Citrate Crosslinked Poly(Glycerol Sebacate) with Tunable Elastomeric Properties
Authors: Risley Brandon B. , Ding Xiaochu , Chen Ying , Miller Paula G. , Wang Yadong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPoly(glycerol‐sebacate) (PGS) is a biodegradable elastomer known for its mechanical properties and biocompatibility for soft tissue engineering. However, harsh thermal crosslinking conditions are needed to make PGS devices. To facilitate the thermal crosslinking, citric acid is explored as a crosslinker to form poly(glycerol sebacate citrate) (PGSC) elastomers. The effects of varying citrate contents and curing times are investigated on the mechanical properties, elasticity, degradation, and hydrophilicity. To examine the potential presence of unreacted citric acid, material acidity is monitored in relation to the citrate content and curing times. It is discovered that a low citrate content and a short curing time produce PGSC with tunable mechanical characteristics similar to PGS with enhanced elasticity. The materials demonstrate good cytocompatibility with human umbilical vein endothelial cells similar to the PGS control. The research study suggests that PGSC is a potential candidate for large‐scale biomedical applications because of the quick thermal crosslink and tunable elastomeric properties.
Sustainable Photopolymers in 3D Printing: A Review on Biobased, Biodegradable, and Recyclable Alternatives
Authors: Voet Vincent S. D. , Guit Jarno , Loos Katja 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe global market for 3D printing materials has grown exponentially in the last decade. Today, photopolymers claim almost half of the material sales worldwide. The lack of sustainable resins, applicable in vat photopolymerization that can compete with commercial materials, however, limits the widespread adoption of this technology. The development of “green” alternatives is of great importance in order to reduce the environmental impact of additive manufacturing. This paper reviews the recent evolutions in the field of sustainable photopolymers for 3D printing. It highlights the synthesis and application of biobased resin components, such as photocurable monomers and oligomers, as well as reinforcing agents derived from natural resources. In addition, the design of biologically degradable and recyclable thermoset products in vat photopolymerization is discussed. Together, those strategies will promote the accurate and waste‐free production of a new generation of 3D materials for a sustainable plastics economy in the near future.
A systematic review of clinical trials affecting anxiety, stress and fear of childbirth in expectant fathers
Authors: Ghaffari Seyedeh Fatemeh , Elyasi Forouzan , Mousavinasab Seyed Nouraddin , Shahhosseini Zohreh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate clinical trials affecting anxiety, stress and fear of childbirth in fathers.DesignA systematic literature search was conducted based on Cochrane Collaboration statement recommendation and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses checklist.MethodsWith assistance of Medical Subject Headings, keywords were employed to search for relevant trials. Articles published between November 2000–November 2019 were searched in five electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus and Cochrane as well as Iranian databases. The risk of bias was assessed by Cochrane Risk of Bias Scale.ResultsA total of eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Interventions were classified into four categories including pre‐natal education, music therapy, massage therapy and relaxation training. The results showed that there is no evidence of a best intervention, but it showed that non‐pharmacological interventions can decrease anxiety, stress and fear of childbirth and increase the positive experience of childbirth in the expectant fathers.
An interpolation method for the optimal control problem governed by the elliptic convection–diffusion equation
Authors: Darehmiraki Majid , Rezazadeh Arezou , Ahmadian Ali , Salahshour Soheil 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe know that due to the Weierstrass approximation theorem any continuous function over a closed interval can be approximated by a polynomial of sufficiently high degree. Therefore, they are frequently used to approximate functions. We proposed a Lagrange polynomial‐based approach for solving the optimal control problem governed by the elliptic convection–diffusion partial differential equation. This paper solves it by the barycentric interpolation method as a class of strong‐form numerical methods. Thanks to Lagrangian multipliers, optimality system is derived and then the barycentric collocation method is employed to discretize the state variable and adjoint variable. Barycentric interpolation method is a Lagrange polynomial interpolation that is fast and deserves to be known as a method of polynomial interpolation. The convergence of the proposed method is also proved. At the end, numerical experiments are employed to illustrate the theoretical findings.
Diurnal metabolic regulation of isoflavones and soyasaponins in soybean roots
Authors: Matsuda Hinako , Nakayasu Masaru , Aoki Yuichi , Yamazaki Shinichi , Nagano Atsushi J. , Yazaki Kazufumi , Sugiyama Akifumi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIsoflavones and soyasaponins are major specialized metabolites accumulated in soybean roots and secreted into the rhizosphere. Unlike the biosynthetic pathway, the transporters involved in metabolite secretion remain unknown. The developmental regulation of isoflavone and soyasaponin secretions has been recently reported, but the diurnal regulation of their biosynthesis and secretion still needs to be further studied. To address these challenges, we conducted transcriptome and metabolite analysis using hydroponically grown soybean plants at 6‐hr intervals for 48 hr in a 12‐hr‐light/12‐hr‐dark condition. Isoflavone and soyasaponin biosynthetic genes showed opposite patterns in the root tissues; that is, the former genes are highly expressed in the daytime, while the latter ones are strongly induced at nighttime. GmMYB176 encoding a transcription factor of isoflavone biosynthesis was upregulated from ZT0 (6:00 a.m.) to ZT6 (12:00 a.m.), followed by the induction of isoflavone biosynthetic genes at ZT6. The isoflavone aglycone content in the roots accordingly increased from ZT6 to ZT18 (0:00 a.m.). The isoflavone aglycone content in root exudates was kept consistent throughout the day, whereas that of glucosides increased at ZT6, which reflected the decreased expression of the gene encoding beta‐glucosidase involved in the hydrolysis of apoplast‐localized isoflavone conjugates. Co‐expression analysis revealed that those isoflavone and soyasaponin biosynthetic genes formed separate clusters, which exhibited a correlation to ABC and MATE transporter genes. In summary, the results in this study indicated the diurnal regulation of isoflavone biosynthesis in soybean roots and the putative transporter genes responsible for isoflavone and soyasaponin transport.
Performance of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of pediatric pneumonia in Mozambique and Pakistan
Authors: Ginsburg Amy Sarah , Lenahan Jennifer L. , Jehan Fyezah , Bila Rubao , Lamorte Alessandro , Hwang Jun , Madrid Lola , Nisar Muhammad Imran , Vitorino Pio , Kanth Neel , Balcells Reyes , Baloch Benazir , May Susanne , Valente Marta , Varo Rosauro , Nadeem Naila , Bassat Quique , Volpicelli Giovanni 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionImproved pneumonia diagnostics are needed in low‐resource settings (LRS); lung ultrasound (LUS) is a promising diagnostic technology for pneumonia. The objective was to compare LUS versus chest radiograph (CXR), and among LUS interpreters, to compare expert versus limited training with respect to interrater reliability.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, observational study among children with World Health Organization (WHO) Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) chest‐indrawing pneumonia at two district hospitals in Mozambique and Pakistan, and assessed LUS and CXR examinations. The primary endpoint was interrater reliability between LUS and CXR interpreters for pneumonia diagnosis among children with WHO IMCI chest‐indrawing pneumonia.ResultsInterrater reliability was excellent for expert LUS interpreters, but poor to moderate for expert CXR interpreters and onsite LUS interpreters with limited training.ConclusionsAmong children with WHO IMCI chest‐indrawing pneumonia, expert interpreters may achieve substantially higher interrater reliability for LUS compared to CXR, and LUS showed potential as a preferred reference standard. For point‐of‐care LUS to be successfully implemented for the diagnosis and management of pneumonia in LRS, the clinical environment and amount of appropriate user training will need to be understood and addressed.
The direct regulation of Aalbdsx on AalVgR is indispensable for ovarian development in Aedes albopictus
Authors: Jin Binbin , Zhao Yijie , Liu Peiwen , Sun Yan , Li Xiaocong , Zhang Xin , Chen Xiao‐Guang , Gu Jinbao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAedes albopictus is an important vector with an extensive worldwide distribution. Only female mosquitoes play a significant role in the transmission of pathogens. Doublesex (dsx) is a central nexus gene in the insect somatic sex determination hierarchy.RESULTSIn this study, we characterized the full‐length sex‐specific splicing forms of the Ae. albopictus dsx (Aalbdsx) gene. Then, we identified 15 direct target genes of DSX in adult females using digital gene expression combined with quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) by performing a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay with specific DSX antibodies. Knockdown of Aalbdsx suppressed ovarian development and decreased the transcript levels of the Aalbdsx target vitellogenin receptor (VgR) gene, whereas vitellogenin (Vg) expression showed an increase in the fat body. Genes in the major Vg regulatory pathway were also up‐regulated.CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that both Vg and VgR are direct target genes of Aalbdsx and that direct regulation of Aalbdsx on VgR is indispensable for ovarian development in Ae. albopictus, which not only provides a reference for the further elucidation of the evolutionarily conserved role of dsx in Ae. albopictus sexual differentiation but also reveals potential molecular targets for application to the development of sterile male mosquitoes to be released for vector control. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Pharmacogenomics of genetic polymorphism within the genes responsible for SARS‐CoV‐2 susceptibility and the drug‐metabolising genes used in treatment
Authors: AL‐Eitan Laith N. , Alahmad Saif Z. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe ongoing outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) represents a significant challenge to international health. Pharmacogenomics aims to identify the different genetic variations that exist between individuals and populations in order to determine appropriate treatment protocols to enhance the efficacy of drugs and reduce their side‐effects. This literature review provides an overview of recent studies of genetic polymorphisms in genes that mediate the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection mechanism (ACE1, ACE2, TMPRSS2 and CD26). In addition, genetic variations in the drug‐metabolising enzyme genes of several selected drugs used in the treatment of COVID‐19 are summarised. This may help construct an effective health protocol based on genetic biomarkers to optimise response to treatment. Potentially, pharmacogenomics could contribute to the development of effective high‐throughput assays to improve patient evaluation, but their use will also create ethical, medical, regulatory, and legal issues, which should now be considered in the era of personalised medicine.
Advances in the heat‐pulse technique: Improvements in measuring soil thermal properties
Authors: Liu Gang , Lu Yili , Wen Minmin , Ren Tusheng , Horton Robert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSoil thermal properties, including thermal diffusivity (α), thermal conductivity (λ), and volumetric heat capacity (C), are basic parameters describing the ability and efficiency of a soil to store and transfer heat. Soil thermal properties influence heat and mass transfer in soils and therefore have fundamental effects on the energy balance at the ground surface, water exchange between the soil and atmosphere, and engineered structures. Accurate determination of soil thermal properties is essential for describing thermal regimes that influence the rates of physical, chemical, and biological reactions and processes occurring in soil.
Advances in heat‐pulse methods: Measuring near‐surface soil water content
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Ren Tusheng , Heitman Joshua , Horton Robert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSoil water content (θ) influences physical, chemical, and biological processes in the soil. Near‐surface θ (<1‐cm depth) is particularly important for surface energy partitioning, but few techniques are available for near‐surface in situ θ measurements. Heat‐pulse sensors can be used to determine the soil volumetric heat capacity, which is linearly related to θ. Here we describe the principles and procedures of determining near‐surface in situ θ with a heat pulse sensor. The main limitations and potential errors associated with the method are also presented. When ambient soil temperature drift and the soil–air interface effects are addressed, the error in the heat‐pulse‐determined θ is greatly reduced. For an example, data series with θ data determined by gravimetric initial θ and heat‐pulse‐based change in θ (Δθ), results agree well with gravimetric θ values, yielding a coefficient of determination of 0.95. We conclude that heat‐pulse sensors are useful tools for continuously and nondestructively determining near‐surface θ of non‐shrink–swell soils.
Portable X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry analysis of soils
Authors: Weindorf David C. , Chakraborty Somsubhra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPortable X‐ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometry is a proximal sensing technique whereby low‐power X‐rays are used to make elemental determinations in soils. The technique is rapid, portable, and provides multi‐elemental analysis with results generally comparable to traditional laboratory‐based techniques. Elemental data from PXRF can then be either used directly for soil parameter assessment (e.g., total Ca, total Fe) or as a proxy for predicting other soil parameters of interest (e.g., soil cation‐exchange capacity [CEC], soil reaction, soil salinity) via simple or multiple linear regression. Importantly, PXRF does have some limitations that must be considered in the context of soil analysis. Those notwithstanding, PXRF has proven effective in numerous, agronomic, pedological, and environmental quality assessment applications.
Salinity: Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids
Authors: Corwin Dennis L. , Yemoto Kevin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe measurement of soil salinity is a quantification of the total salts present in the liquid portion of the soil. Soil salinity is important in agriculture because salinity reduces crop yields by reducing the osmotic potential, making it more difficult for the plant to extract water, by causing specific‐ion toxicity, by upsetting the nutritional balance of plants, and by affecting the tilth and permeability of a soil. A discussion of the principles, methods, and equipment for measuring soil salinity is presented. The discussion provides a basic knowledge of the background, principles, equipment, and current accepted procedures and methodology for measuring soil salinity in the laboratory using electrical conductivity of aqueous extracts from soil samples and measurement of total dissolved solids in the saturated soil extract. Attention is also given to the use of suction cup extractors, porous matrix or salinity sensors, electrical resistivity, and electromagnetic induction to measure salinity in soil lysimeter columns and small field plots (< 10 by 10 m). Land resource managers, producers, extension specialists, Natural Resource Conservation Service field staff, undergraduate and graduate students, and university, federal, and state researchers are the beneficiaries of the information provided.
Field measurements of soil cracks
Authors: Stewart Ryan D. , Najm Majdi R. Abou 
Published: November 2020

AbstractShrink–swell soils, often classified as Vertisols or vertic intergrades, are found world‐wide and are a leading cause of damage to infrastructure such as buildings, roads, and pipelines. Crack networks act as dominant environmental controls on the movement of water, contaminants, and gases. Numerous methods have been proposed to quantify the size (e.g., width, depth, volume) and connectivity of individual cracks and of larger crack networks. To measure and quantify the size and variability of cracks, we focus on two nondestructive methods, called here the tape and rod and displacement approaches, and one destructive method, called here the cast and excavate protocol. The nondestructive methods are relatively inexpensive and can allow repeated measurements, which makes them conducive to use in larger environmental studies such as observing hydrological partitioning between infiltration and surface runoff. However, the nondestructive methods are often biased toward larger cracks (due to physical limitations on the crack sizes that can be measured), require assumptions of crack geometry to determine crack volumes, and typically do not provide information on subsurface connections between cracks. The destructive cast and excavate method is better suited to sample aoftentimes can only be used once (precluding repeated measurements) and is labor intensive. A combination of measurements may therefore be required to best understand crack dynamics in both time and space. Altogether, the methods surveyed here enable accurate measurement and quantification of soil crack characteristics.
Visible and near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy analysis of soils
Authors: Ge Yufeng , Morgan Cristine L.S. , Wijewardane Nuwan K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVisible and near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (VisNIR, 350–2500 nm) is a proximal sensing technique for rapid and nondestructive soil analysis in the laboratory or field. It can be used to estimate multiple soil properties simultaneously and is usually cheaper than conventional soil analysis methods. In addition to many soil constituents (such as clay minerals, organic matter, water, and carbonates) with which VisNIR light energy directly interacts, this method can also estimate soil properties that are related to these directly measured properties, such as cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, and salinity. Samples are usually air dried, ground, and sieved (passing 2‐mm screens) before being scanned by a VisNIR instrument. Multivariate statistical modeling techniques (such as partial least squares regression) are commonly used to build VisNIR models from a training set. The VisNIR models estimate target soil properties from VisNIR data. The performance of the VisNIR model needs to be objectively evaluated with an independent test set. Visible and near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy has been mainly used in the research domain, with a lot of ongoing efforts to further develop and refine this method for routine soil analysis.