bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subpixel precision of crack lip movements by Heaviside‐based digital image correlation for a mixed‐mode fracture
Authors: Hedan Stephen , Valle Valéry , Cosenza Philippe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study reports on the Heaviside‐based digital image correlation (H‐DIC) procedure and its application in fracture analysis. This improved DIC procedure was proposed to solve the uncertainty problems at the vicinity of the crack and to evaluate the opening and shear movements of crack lips and the orientations of cracks in the subset. Some tests were conducted to demonstrate the performance of the H‐DIC algorithm. An application on argillaceous rock mass exhibiting multiple mixed‐mode fractures is shown to validate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method. This application consisted in processing images acquired from an experimental investigation performed in a gallery front submitted to climatic seasonal variations. The results illustrated how the H‐DIC procedure enables to localise and to quantify the opening, shearing and orientation of subpixel cracks. A sensibility study performed on the opening and shear components demonstrated that the precision of crack aperture by H‐DIC procedure is close to 0.14 pixel and the spatial resolution is equal to one pixel. Moreover, the crack area was calculated from local apertures on a monitoring duration of 1 year, and a maximum value of 595.8 mm2 in winter was obtained.
Trueness of Fit of Biphasic Transversely Isotropic Parameters Model in the Porcine Temporomandibular Joint Disc and Mandibular Condylar Cartilage and Regional Dependence
Authors: Chin Adam R. , Almarza Alejandro J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders (TMDs) are not well understood and the mechanical differences between the regions of the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) and the TMJ disc have not been thoroughly compared. As of now, there are no commercially available regenerative therapies for the TMJ. Elucidating the mechanical properties of these two structures of the articulating joint will help future efforts in developing tissue engineering treatments of the TMJ. In this study, we evaluate the compressive properties of the porcine disc and mandibular condylar cartilage by performing unconfined compression at 10% strain with 4.5%/min strain rate. Punches (4 mm biopsy) from both tissues were taken from five different regions of both the MCC and TMJ: anterior, posterior, lateral, medial, and central. Previously, theoretical models of compression in the porcine tissue did not fit the whole ramp-relaxation behavior. Thus, the data stress–relaxation was fitted to the biphasic transversely isotropic model, for both the TMJ disc and cartilage. From the results found in the disc, it was found that the posterior region had the highest values in multiple viscoelastic parameters when compared to the other regions. The mandibular condylar cartilage was only found to be significantly different in the transverse modulus between the posterior and lateral regions. Both the TMJ disc and MCC had similar magnitudes of values (for the modulus and other corresponding compressive properties) and behavior under this testing modality.
Antitumour necrosis factor-α agents and development of new-onset cirrhosis or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a retrospective cohort
Authors: Tang Kuo-Tung , Dufour Jean-François , Chen Po-Hung , Hernaez Ruben , Hutfless Susan 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveElevated tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α has been implicated in the progression of liver fibrosis and pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aim to investigate the impact of anti-TNF-α agents on the development of cirrhosis and NAFLD.DesignThis retrospective cohort study used a US claims database between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2016. We identified adult patients with ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriatic arthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Anti-TNF-α agents of interest included adalimumab, certolizumab, etanercept, golimumab and infliximab. The primary composite outcome was the development of new-onset cirrhosis, NAFLD or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The secondary outcomes were the development of (1) cirrhosis and (2) NAFLD or NASH. Propensity score for anti-TNF-α agent use was generated by logistic regression. Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for the propensity score were used with regard to time-varying anti-TNF-α agent exposure.ResultsThis study included 226 555 incident patients with immune-related diseases. During the median 1.5 years follow-up, there was an increased hazard with anti-TNF-α agent use in regard to liver outcomes (composite outcome HR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.70; cirrhosis HR 1.47, 95% CI 0.96 to 2.23; NAFLD or NASH HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.77). The composite outcome hazard was increased for each immune-related disease (HR 1.25–1.90).ConclusionIn the short term, we did not observe a beneficial effect of anti-TNF-α agent use for development of cirrhosis, NAFLD or NASH in patients with immune-related diseases.
Effects of a traditional Chinese mind–body exercise, Baduanjin, on the physical and cognitive functions in the community of older adults with cognitive frailty: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Xia Rui , Wan Mingyue , Lin Huiying , Qiu Pingting , Ye Yu , He Jianquan , Yin Lianhua , Tao Jing , Chen Lidian , Zheng Guohua 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionCognitive frailty (CF) is a clinical manifestation characterised by the simultaneous presence of both physical frailty and cognitive impairment among older adults without dementia and has become a new target for healthy ageing. Increasing evidence shows that regular Baduanjin (a traditional Chinese mind–body exercise) training is beneficial in improving physical function and cognitive ability in the older adults. The primary aim of this trial is to observe the effect of Baduanjin on physical and cognitive functions in older adults with CF.Methods and analysisIn this prospective, outcome assessor-blind, two-arm randomised controlled trial, a total of 102 participants with CF will be recruited and randomly allocated (1:1) into the Baduanjin training or usual physical activity control group. The control group will receive health education for 30 min at least once a month. Based on health education, participants in the Baduanjin exercise group will receive a 24-week Baduanjin training with 60 min per session and 3 sessions per week, while those in the usual physical activity control group will maintain their original lifestyle. Primary outcomes (frailty index and global cognitive ability), body composition, grip force, balance, fatigue, specific cognitive domain, including memory, execution and visual spatial abilities, and life quality of secondary outcomes will be measured at baseline, and at 13 and 25 weeks after randomisation, while the structural and functional MRI will be measured at baseline and 25 weeks after randomisation. The mixed linear model will be conducted to observe the intervention effects.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the ethics committee of the second people’s hospital of Fujian province (Approval no. 2018-KL015). Results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at scientific conferences.Trial registration numberChiCTR1800020341; Pre-results.
Targeting ANXA1 abrogates Treg-mediated immune suppression in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Bai Fang , Zhang Peng , Fu Yipeng , Chen Hongliang , Zhang Mingdi , Huang Qianru , Li Dan , Li Bin , Wu Kejin 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundRegulatory T (Treg) cells play a negative role in anti-tumor immunity against triple-negative breast cancer, so it is of great significance to find the potential therapeutic target of Treg cells.MethodsFirst, Annexin A1 (ANXA1) expression and survival of patients with breast cancer were analyzed using TCGA data. Then plasma ANXA1 levels in patients with malignant and benign breast tumors were detected by ELISA. Next, the effect of ANXA1 on Treg cells was studied through suppressive assays, and how ANXA1 regulates the function of Treg cells was detected by RNA sequencing. Finally, the in vivo experiment in balb/c mice was conducted to test whether the ANXA1 blocker Boc1 could shrink tumors and affect the function of Treg cells.ResultsOur data suggest that ANXA1 expression is associated with lower survival and a higher risk of breast malignancy. Suppressive assays show that ANXA1 can enhance the inhibition function of Treg cells. RNA-Sequencing results indicate that Boc1 could reduce the expression of granzyme A mRNA in Treg cells. Animal experiments have been done to show that Boc1 can reduce tumor size and down regulate Treg cell function.ConclusionsANXA1 can enhance the function of Treg cells and reduce the survival rate of patients with breast cancer. Targeting ANXA1 can reduce Treg cell function and shrink breast tumors.
Energies and radii of light nuclei around unitarity
Authors: König Sebastian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLight nuclei fall within a regime of universal physics governed by the fact that the two-nucleon scattering lengths are large compared to the typical nuclear interaction range set by one-pion exchange. This places nuclear physics near the so-called unitarity limit in which the scattering lengths are exactly infinite. Effective field theory provides a powerful theoretical framework to capture this separation of scales in a systematic way. It is shown here that the nuclear force can be constructed as a perturbative expansion around the unitarity limit and that this expansion has good convergence properties for both the binding energies of $$A=3,4$$A=3,4 nuclei as well as for the radii of these states.
Urban versus Rural Residence and Outcomes in Older Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Kenzik Kelly M. , Rocque Gabrielle B. , Landier Wendy , Bhatia Smita 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background:
A total of 20% of the U.S. population resides in rural areas, yet is served by 3% of oncologists, and 7% of nononcology specialists. Access to care issues can be compounded by lower socioeconomic status (SES) in rural areas, yet this issue is unexplored among older patients with breast cancer.

Methods:
Using Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare, 109,608 patients diagnosed at ≥65 years with breast cancer between 2000 and 2011 were identified. Residence status was combined with Federal Poverty levels: urban (high, medium, and low poverty) and rural (high, medium, and low poverty). Five-year overall survival (OS) and healthcare utilization [HCU: visits to primary care provider (PCP), oncologist, nononcology specialist, and emergency department (ED)] were examined using urban/low poverty as reference. The residence, HCU, and mortality association was examined using mediation and moderation analyses.

Results:
Median age was 76 years; 12.5% were rural, 15.6% high poverty. Five-year OS was 69.8% for rural and 70.9% for urban. Both urban- and rural/high-poverty patients had a 1.2-fold increased mortality hazard. Rural/high-poverty patients had a higher rate of PCP [year 1 (Y1): incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.23; year 2 (Y2)–year 5 (Y5): IRR = 1.19] and ED visits (Y1: IRR = 1.82; Y2–Y5: IRR = 1.43), but lower nononcology specialist visit rates (Y1: IRR = 0.74; Y2–Y5: IRR = 0.71). Paucity of nononcology specialist visits mediated 23%–57% of excess mortality risk. The interaction between residence/SES and paucity of nononcology specialist visits accounted for 49%–92% of excess mortality risk experienced by rural/high-poverty patients versus urban/low poverty.

Conclusions:
Urban–rural residence mortality differences among older patients with breast cancer are highly predicated by poverty level.

Impact:
Rural/high-poverty patients demonstrate less use of nononcology specialists compared with urban/low poverty, with disparities moderated by specialist use.
Hormone Replacement Therapy, Breast Cancer Risk Factors, and Breast Cancer Risk: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort
Authors: Yoo Tae-Kyung , Han Kyung Do , Kim DaHye , Ahn Juneyoung , Park Woo-Chan , Chae Byung Joo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background:
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases the risk of breast cancer, but the association may vary according to patient factors. We investigated the association between HRT and breast cancer in a nationwide cohort with risk stratification according to risk factors for breast cancer.

Methods:
Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, 4,558,376 postmenopausal women who underwent breast cancer screening and regular health checkups from 2009 to 2014 were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 696,084 (15.3%) women reported current or previous HRT use. Breast cancer was newly diagnosed in 26,797 (0.6%) women during a median follow-up of 5.35 years. The HR of the risk of breast cancer in HRT users was 1.25 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22–1.29] compared with HRT nonusers. The risk of breast cancer increased according to HRT duration [adjusted HR = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04–1.12, for &lt;2 years; adjusted HR = 1.33; 95% CI, 1.25–1.40, for 2 to &lt;5 years; and adjusted HR = 1.72; 95% CI, 1.63–1.82, for ≥5 years). The effects of HRT on breast cancer risk applied to both invasive and in situ cancer. The HRT-related risk of breast cancer was higher in women who were leaner and those who had dense breasts.

Conclusions:
This nationwide population-based study confirms the association between HRT use and breast cancer risk. The risk increased proportionally with duration of HRT and differed according to body weight and breast density.

Impacts:
Risk stratification would be useful when deciding whether to apply HRT for relief of menopausal symptoms.
Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer: The Early Detection Research Network, a Framework for Clinical Translation
Authors: Bresalier Robert S. , Grady William M. , Markowitz Sanford D. , Nielsen Hans Jørgen , Batra Surinder K. , Lampe Paul D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEarly detection by screening significantly reduces mortality from colorectal cancer, but 40% of guideline-eligible patients are not screened as recommended in the United States. Novel strategies to improve screening uptake overall and efforts to deploy best practices to underserved populations are a high priority for health care. This review focuses on existing biomarkers in practice and those in development with clinical relevance to early detection of colorectal neoplasia, with an emphasis on those developed by investigators of the NCI's Early Detection Research Network. Aberrantly methylated DNA markers (blood and stool), stool-based markers (including fecal immunochemical test-DNA), and a variety of blood-based marker assays in development (protein markers, glycoproteins including mucins, and cell-free DNA tests) are reviewed. Individual markers and biomarker panels, sample resources, and barriers to translating biomarkers to clinical practice are discussed.See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “NCI Early Detection Research Network: Making Cancer Detection Possible.”
Healed Plaques in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris
Authors: Russo Michele , Fracassi Francesco , Kurihara Osamu , Kim Hyung Oh , Thondapu Vikas , Araki Makoto , Shinohara Hiroki , Sugiyama Tomoyo , Yamamoto Erika , Lee Hang , Vergallo Rocco , Crea Filippo , Biasucci Luigi Marzio , Yonetsu Taishi , Minami Yoshiyasu , Soeda Tsunenari , Fuster Valentin , Jang Ik-Kyung 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
Healed plaques, signs of previous plaque destabilization, are frequently found in the coronary arteries. Healed plaques can now be diagnosed in living patients. We investigated the prevalence, angiographic, and optical coherence tomography features of healed plaques in patients with stable angina pectoris.

Approach and Results:

Patients with stable angina pectoris who had undergone optical coherence tomography imaging were included. Healed plaques were defined as plaques with one or more signal-rich layers of different optical density. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on layered or nonlayered phenotype at the culprit lesion. Among 163 patients, 87 (53.4%) had layered culprit plaque. Patients with layered culprit plaque had more multivessel disease (62.1% versus 44.7%,
P
=0.027) and more angiographically complex culprit lesions (64.4% versus 35.5%,
P
<0.001). Layered culprit plaques had higher prevalence of lipid plaque (83.9% versus 64.5%,
P
=0.004), macrophage infiltration (58.6% versus 35.5%,
P
=0.003), calcifications (78.2% versus 63.2%,
P
=0.035), and thrombus (28.7% versus 14.5%,
P
=0.029). Lipid index (
P
=0.001) and percent area stenosis (
P
=0.015) were greater in the layered group. The number of nonculprit plaques, evaluated using coronary angiograms, tended to be greater in patients with layered culprit plaque (4.2±2.5 versus 3.5±2.1,
P
=0.053). Nonculprit plaques in patients with layered culprit lesion had higher prevalence of layered pattern (
P
=0.002) and lipid phenotype (
P
=0.005). Lipid index (
P
=0.013) and percent area stenosis (
P
=0.002) were also greater in this group.

Conclusions:
In patients with stable angina pectoris, healed culprit plaques are common and have more features of vulnerability and advanced atherosclerosis both at culprit and nonculprit lesions.
Molecular and Cellular Differences in Cardiac Repair of Male and Female Mice
Authors: Pullen Amanda B. , Kain Vasundhara , Serhan Charles N. , Halade Ganesh V. 
Published: April 2020

Background
Leukocyte‐directed biosynthesis of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) orchestrates physiological inflammation after myocardial infarction. Deficiency of SPMs drives pathological and nonresolving inflammation, leading to heart failure (HF). Differences in SPMs and inflammatory responses caused by sex‐specific differences are of interest. We differentiated leukocyte‐directed biosynthesis of lipid mediators in male and female mice, focusing on leukocyte populations, structural remodeling, functional recovery, and survival rates.

Methods and Results

Risk‐free male and female C57BL/6 mice were selected as naïve controls or subjected to myocardial infarction surgery. Molecular and cellular mechanisms that differentiate survival, heart function, and structure and leukocyte‐directed lipid mediators were quantified to describe physiological inflammation after myocardial infarction. Female mice show improved survival in acute HF but no statistical difference during chronic HF compared with male mice. Female mice improved survival is marked with functional recovery and limited remodeling compared with male mice. Male and female mice are similarly responsive to arachidonate lipoxygenase (
LOX‐5
,
LOX‐12
,
LOX
‐15) or cyclooxygenase (
COX‐1
,
COX‐2
) in acute HF and particularly male infarcted heart had overall increased SPMs. Female cardiac healing is marked with the biosynthesis of differential p450‐derived product, particularly 11,12 epoxyeicosatrienoic acid in acute HF. A sex‐specific difference of dendritic cells in acute HF is distinct, with limited changes in chronic HF.

Conclusions
Cardiac repair is marked with increased SPM biosynthesis in male mice and amplified epoxyeicosatrienoic acid in female mice. Female mice showed improved survival, functional recovery, and limited remodeling, which are signs of fine‐tuned physiological inflammation after myocardial infarction. These results rationalize the sex‐specific precise therapies and differential treatments in acute and chronic HF.
B7‐33, a Functionally Selective Relaxin Receptor 1 Agonist, Attenuates Myocardial Infarction–Related Adverse Cardiac Remodeling in Mice
Authors: Devarakonda Teja , Mauro Adolfo G. , Guzman Geronimo , Hovsepian Sahak , Cain Chad , Das Anindita , Praveen Praveen , Hossain Mohammed Akhter , Salloum Fadi N. 
Published: April 2020

Background
Human relaxin‐2 is a peptide hormone capable of pleiotropic effects in several organ systems. Its recombinant formulation (serelaxin) has been demonstrated to reduce infarct size and prevent excessive scar formation in animal models of cardiac ischemia‐reperfusion injury. B7‐33, a synthetically designed peptide analogous to B‐chain of relaxin‐2, invokes signaling at relaxin family peptide receptor 1 (cognate receptor for relaxin‐2) by preferentially phosphorylating the mitogen‐activated protein kinase extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2. We sought to investigate the effects of B7‐33 treatment post ischemia‐reperfusion injury in mice.

Methods and Results

Adult male
CD
1 mice were subjected to ischemia‐reperfusion via ligation of left anterior descending artery for 30 minutes, followed by 24 hours or 7 days of reperfusion. Echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac function, and cardiac tissue was stained to determine infarct size at 24 hours. B7‐33 significantly reduced infarct size (21.99% versus 45.32%;
P
=0.02) and preserved fractional shortening (29% versus 23%;
P
=0.02) compared with vehicle. The difference in fractional shortening further increased at 7 days post myocardial infarction (29% versus 20% for B7‐33 and vehicle groups, respectively). In vitro
,
primary cardiomyocytes were isolated from adult hearts and subjected to simulated ischemia‐reperfusion injury (simulated ischemia reoxygenation). B7‐33 (50 and 100 nmol/L) improved cell survival and reduced the expression of
GRP
78 (glucose regulated protein), an endoplasmic reticulum stress marker. Subsequently, B7‐33 (100 nmol/L) reduced tunicamycin (2.5 μg/mL) induced upregulation of
GRP
78 in an extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2–dependent manner.

Conclusions
B7‐33 confers acute cardioprotection and limits myocardial infarction–related adverse remodeling in mice by attenuating cardiomyocyte death and endoplasmic reticulum stress as well as preserving cardiac function.
Sovereign Rights on the Extended Continental Shelf: The Case of the Nicaraguan Rise in the Western Caribbean
Authors: Antsygina Ekaterina , Pérez-Salazar Bernardo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In 2016, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled on Colombia’s preliminary objections to Nicaragua’s claim over the extended continental shelf in the Western Caribbean, which forms part of a submarine geographic feature known as the ‘Nicaraguan Rise’. This article recalls the long-standing Nicaragua–Colombia conflict over islands and maritime zones and analyses the 2012 and 2016 ICJ decisions with respect to the correlation between the distance and natural prolongation criteria. The article also addresses the role of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in delimitation, and concludes by discussing the geopolitical consequences of the future ICJ ruling concerning the delimitation of the extended continental shelf.
A review of the biology and biogeography of Mantispidae (Neuroptera)
Authors: Snyman Louwrens Pieter , Ohl Michael , Pirk Christian Walter Werner , Sole Catherine Lynne 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Adult Mantispidae are general predators of arthropods equipped with raptorial forelegs. The three larval instars display varying degrees of hypermetamorphic ontogeny. The larval stages exhibit a remarkable life history ranging from specialised predators of nest-building hymenopteran larvae and pupa, to specialised predators of spider-eggs, to possible generalist predators of immature insects. Noteworthy advances in our understanding of the biology of Mantispidae has come to light over the past two decades which are compiled and addressed in this review. All interactions of mantispids with other arthropods are tabled and their biology critically discussed and compared to the current classification of the taxon. Additionally, the ambigous systematics within Mantispidae and between Mantispidae and its sister groups, Rhachiberothidae and Berotidae, is reviewed. Considering the biology, systematics, distribution of higher taxonomic levels and the fossil record, the historical biogeography of the group is critically discussed with Gondwana as the epicenter of Mantispidae radiation.