bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial orientation in the hospitality industry: evidence from Tanzania
Authors: Njoroge Msafiri , Anderson Wineaster , Mossberg Lena , Mbura Omari 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to identify and validate indicators of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in the hospitality industry, as well as to examine its dimensionality in the context of emerging economies with a specific focus on tourist hotels in Tanzania.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses a mixed-method approach for data collection and analysis. The qualitative study involved 20 in-depth interviews with hotel managers. Based on interview insights, indicators of EO were identified and applied in contextualizing the study and develop the survey questionnaires. The second phase, which was quantitative in nature involved a survey of hotels (n = 346) in the Coastal and Northern tourist circuits of Tanzania for validation and generalization. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to analyze the quantitative data.

Findings
EO in the studied context consists of proactive-risk-taking, innovativeness and competition approach. Hotels focus on proactive and risk-taking efforts concurrently, undertake wide-ranging acts; pursue bold and risk decisions in exploiting opportunities; being proactive on opportunity exploration but less emphasis on initiation speed on actions of competitors. Innovativeness focuses on providing quality services; standardization of services; product introduction; and technological advancements. Besides, the conventional dimensions, hotels use competition approach geared at extensive marketing; customer management; and flexibility in pricing based on competition. EO also exhibits multidimensionality with its dimensions exhibiting moderate-to-high correlations and with acceptable discriminant validity.

Practical implications
The study’s findings imply that EO and its respective indicators confirmed in western contexts are not necessarily a perfect reflection and applicable in the hospitality industry in emerging economies like Tanzania. Hospitality firms must be vigilant with contextual characteristics – economically, socially and culturally shaping entrepreneurial opportunities.

Originality/value
This study identifies and validates indicators of EO in the hospitality industry in emerging economies. Moreover, the study adds to the body of knowledge that EO in this context is also multidimensional in nature.
Corporate governance practice in the context of the political situation in South Africa over the last 25 years
Authors: Kana Suresh Parbhoo 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
This study aims to demonstrate, with reference to developments in the four King Reports on Corporate Governance for South Africa, that institutional culture should be governed with the same rigour applied to other strategic assets to align the pluralistic interests of government, business and society.

Design/methodology/approach
Historical narrative and analysis.

Findings
Institutional culture should be governed with the same rigour and veracity as more traditional assets to align organisational purpose with political and social interests.

Originality/value
This is part of a special issue that looks at the contribution of the King Reports to governance globally.
Measuring performance in corporate environmental reporting in Nigeria
Authors: Iredele Oluwamayowa Olalekan 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to measure the current level of corporate environmental reporting (CER) in the developing economy of Nigeria. This is with a view to drive the effort of firms towards improving on the present practice. An attempt is made to also determine the extent to which the level of CER differs on account of firm characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used data for the top 40 companies on the Nigerian stock exchange as of 31 December 2017 based on market capitalization. The annual reports, company website and sustainability reports were the major sources of data. The paper used descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance to analyse data.

Findings
Despite the attempt to explore multiple sources in obtaining environmental information, empirical evidence from the present study confirms that the level of environmental reporting is low; most companies report environmental issues through the website. It further found an association between CER and firm size.

Practical implications
The findings will be of interest to policymakers and regulators on the need to regulate environmental reporting. Thus, motivating firms towards better environmental performance in Nigeria.

Originality/value
The paper extends environmental reporting research in Nigeria beyond the use of annual reports. It captured environmental information reported through the website and sustainability reports. It provides information on the current status in terms of quality and content of information reported. Finally, it found that firm size is a contingent factor for CER in Nigeria.
Application of a trait‐based species screening framework for vegetation restoration in a tropical coral island of China
Authors: Wang Chen , Zhang Hui , Liu Hui , Jian Shuguang , Yan Junhua , Liu Nan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Selecting suitable species for vegetation restoration presents a notable challenge for land managers and scientists. Recently developed trait‐based approaches may be an effective means of overcoming this challenge. However, we lack a trait‐based species screening model that can be used to select potential species for restoration of degraded ecosystems.

Here, we developed a species screening model based on quantitative trait‐based theory and a maximum entropy algorithm. The objective was to select more species that have comparable restoration abilities to the target species that have high survival rates for vegetation restoration based on species' functional traits. Thus, species diversity will be improved to facilitate restoration. We also developed a software platform that can be used to implement the model. We then applied our model and software platform to select species for restoration efforts in a tropical coral island which is part of Hainan Island, China.

As a prerequisite, we started with three target species which have high potential for restoring the island. Likewise, 66 non‐native species were selected as the potential species pool. For each species, we identified and measured 28 traits that are strongly associated with harsh environments. Harsh environments are those with drought stress, high temperatures, intensive UV radiation, lack of real soil and nutrients, and high salinity and alkalinity. Then, our software platform was used to run the species selection model. Finally, 12 out of 66 species being identified as suitable species for restoration.

We transplanted seedlings of all 66 species to the island to monitor seedlings survival. We found that the 12 species identified from our model had high survival rates, which ranged from 86% to 91%. In contrast, the mean survival rate for species not identified from our model was less than 40%. These results suggest that our species screening procedure was appropriate for selecting candidate species for use in vegetation restoration.

We show that by using species natural history information, as well as functional trait data, candidate species for restoration efforts can be successfully identified in a timely manner. Importantly, our proposed method is faster and less costly than more commonly used ‘trial‐and‐error’ method. The most time‐consuming aspect of our approach is the need to measure the functional traits of target and potential species. Ultimately, we provide a protocol for using functional traits to quickly select a large number of suitable species for restoring degraded ecosystems. We expect that this work will be important for future vegetation restoration efforts in tropical islands, and perhaps other ecosystems as well. We also expect that our model will help prevent the invasive species and promote specific ecosystem functions.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
More than self‐interest: Why different classes have different attitudes to income inequality
Authors: Langsæther Peter Egge , Evans Geoffrey 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe connection between social class and political preferences is among the most well established in the social sciences. This association is typically taken as prima facie evidence of economic self‐interest: Classes hold different attitudes, values, and party preferences because they have different economic interests. However, this assumption has rarely been tested empirically. In this article, we use survey data from 18 West European countries to examine why classes differ on a central aspect of political preferences, namely their views on the desirability of income inequality. We find that only a moderate proportion of differences between employee classes in support for redistribution can be accounted for by contemporary differences in resources and risks; differences in economic interests to some degree account for the anti‐redistributive preferences of the professional middle classes compared with the working class. However, the preferences of the self‐employed have a different explanation; autonomy is a better explanation of the right‐wing preferences of the self‐employed compared with the working class.
Robert Coram and the European Sources of Radical Enlightenment in America
Authors: Wolloch Nathaniel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article argues for the indebtedness of the American Enlightenment to the European Enlightenment by examining the philosophy of Robert Coram, the revolutionary‐era radical philosopher of education. Coram criticised unequal distribution of land and argued for the compensatory influence of universal public education. He developed a primitivist critique of advanced civilisation, praising agricultural society and the American Indians. He presented an original, occasionally subversive, reading of various eighteenth‐century authors, such as William Blackstone, Antoine‐Yves Goguet, John Locke, Jean‐Jacques Rousseau and Adam Smith, in this way demonstrating the indebtedness of the American Enlightenment to the European Enlightenment.
Opioid use disorder incidence and treatment among incarcerated pregnant women in the United States: results from a national surveillance study
Authors: Sufrin Carolyn , Sutherland Lauren , Beal Lauren , Terplan Mishka , Latkin Carl , Clarke Jennifer G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsThe established standard care in pregnancy is medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD); however, many institutions of incarceration do not have MOUD available. We aimed to describe the number of incarcerated pregnant women with opioid use disorder (OUD) in the United States and jails’ and prisons’ MOUD in pregnancy policies.DesignEpidemiological surveillance study of 6 months of outcomes of pregnant, incarcerated women with OUD and cross‐sectional survey of institutional policies.SettingUnited States.ParticipantsTwenty‐two state prison systems and six county jails.MeasurementsThe number of pregnant women with OUD admitted and treated with methadone, buprenorphine or withdrawal; policies on provision of MOUD and withdrawal in pregnancy.FindingsTwenty‐six per cent of pregnant women admitted to prisons and 14% to jails had OUD. One‐third were managed through withdrawal. The majority who were prescribed MOUD were on methadone (78%, prisons; 81%, jails), not buprenorphine. While most sites (n = 18 prisons, n = four jails) continued pre‐incarceration MOUD in pregnancy, very few initiated in custody (n = four prisons; n = two jails). Two‐thirds of prisons and three‐quarters of jails providing MOUD in pregnancy discontinued it postpartum.ConclusionsIn this sample of US prisons and jails, one‐third required pregnant women with opioid use disorder to go through withdrawal, contrary to medical guidelines. More women were prescribed methadone than buprenorphine, despite the fewer regulatory barriers on prescribing buprenorphine. Most sites stopped medication for opioid use disorder postpartum, signaling prioritization of the fetus, not the mother. Pregnant incarcerated women with opioid use disorder in the United States frequently appear to be denied essential medications and receive substandard medical care.
Allergic and photoallergic contact dermatitis to chlorpromazine
Authors: Martínez-Doménech Alvaro , García‐Legaz Martínez Marta , Ferrer‐Guillén Blanca , Magdaleno‐Tapial Jorge , Valenzuela‐Oñate Cristian , Esteve‐Martínez Altea , Zaragoza‐Ninet Violeta , Pérez‐Ferriols Amparo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChlorpromazine is known to produce both systemic phototoxic and photoallergic reactions. However, it may also cause photoallergic contact dermatitis and, albeit exceptionally, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). We present a series of photoallergic contact dermatitis and ACD to chlorpromazine diagnosed at a tertiary centre cutaneous allergy unit between 1980 and 2019.
Bitemporal alopecia areata
Authors: Meah Nekma , Wall Dmitri , Trindade de Carvalho Lara , Sinclair Rodney 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlopecia areata has various clinical presentations, some of which have recognised prognostic significance. We report five cases of bitemporal alopecia areata, with involvement of the frontal hairline, the therapeutic approach for each case and possible differential diagnoses to also consider.
Laparoscopic‐endoscopic cooperative surgery for a gastric duplication cyst in the prepyloric region to preserve the pylorus ring in a child: A case report
Authors: Hattori Kengo , Takamizawa Shigeru 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLaparoscopic‐endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) has revolutionized the surgical treatment of submucosal gastric tumors by minimizing resection of the normal gastric wall to avoid deformity of the stomach. We present our experience with a child in whom we successfully resected a gastric duplication cyst in the prepyloric region and preserved the pylorus ring by performing LECS.
Revisiting the impact of impure public goods on consumers’ prosocial behavior: A lab experiment in Shanghai
Authors: Guo Qinxin , Wang Enci , Nie Yongyou , Shen Junyi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, we implemented a dictator game experiment to examine how the increase of the public characteristic in an impure public good affects individuals’ prosocial behaviour. A within‐subject design was used in the experiment. The dictator game was repeated six times with an impure public good introduced in four of them. We observe that the increase of the public characteristic in an impure public good partly crowds out individuals’ subsequent donations, which could be explained by a seemingly ‘mental accounting’ mental process. In addition, we also find that the selfish behaviour of individuals in dictator games with impure public goods, to some extent, has an inertia influence on their subsequent donations when the impure public good is removed.
Thiol‐disulfide as a novel indicator of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Argüder Emine , Parlak Ebru Ş. , Kılıç Hatice , Hezer Habibe , Neşelioğlu Salim , Hasanoğlu Hatice Canan , Yalçıner Gökhan , Babademez Mehmet Ali , Erel Özcan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an oxidative stress disease, which has been considered to be a notable risk and associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Thiol‐disulfide homeostasis is as a novel indicator of oxidative stress.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate thiol‐disulfide homeostasis in a large patient population with OSA.MethodsA total of 230 with OSA and 40 healthy controls were included in the study. Inclusion criteria for OSA patients are having apnoea‐hypopnoea index of ≥5/hour, being more than 18 years of age and having no previous treatment for OSA. Thiol‐disulfide analysis was done for the patients and control group. Blood thiol‐disulfide homeostasis was analysed using the new automatic method, developed by Erel and Neşelioğlu.ResultsAmong all OSA subjects, 149 (64.8%) were males and the mean ages of the patients were 53.38 ± 10.22. Total thiol, native thiol (SH) and disulfide (SS) levels were significantly lower in OSA group compared to the control group (P < .001, P < .001 and P = .039 respectively). Also, total thiol and native thiol (SH) were significantly different between the groups according to OSA severity (mild‐moderate to severe OSA) (P < .001 and P < .001 respectively). Thiol‐disulfide redox parameters were correlated with apnoea‐hypopnoea index (AHI) scores.ConclusionThe present prospective study showed that thiol/disulfide homeostasis was unbalanced in OSA patients. Especially, in OSA patients have low level of thiol/disulfide redox parameters when compared to healthy subjects. Evaluating thiol‐disulfide homeostasis in OSA may be a contributing aspect to assessment and monitoring of the patient.
A gap analysis modelling framework to prioritize collecting for ex situ conservation of crop landraces
Authors: Ramirez‐Villegas Julian , Khoury Colin K. , Achicanoy Harold A. , Mendez Andres C. , Diaz Maria Victoria , Sosa Chrystian C. , Debouck Daniel G. , Kehel Zakaria , Guarino Luigi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimThe conservation and effective use of crop genetic diversity are crucial to overcome challenges related to human nutrition and agricultural sustainability. Farmers’ traditional varieties (“landraces”) are major sources of genetic variation. The degree of representation of crop landrace diversity in ex situ conservation is poorly understood, partly due to a lack of methods that can negotiate both the anthropogenic and environmental determinants of their geographic distributions. Here, we describe a novel spatial modelling and ex situ conservation gap analysis modelling framework for crop landraces, using common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as a case study.LocationThe Americas.MethodsThe modelling framework includes five main steps: (a) determining relevant landrace groups using literature to develop and test classification models; (b) modelling the potential geographic distributions of these groups using occurrence (landrace presences) combined with environmental and socioeconomic predictor data; (c) calculating geographic and environmental gap scores for current genebank collections; (d) mapping ex situ conservation gaps; and (e) compiling expert inputs.ResultsModelled distributions and conservation gaps for the two genepools of common bean (Andean and Mesoamerican) were robustly predicted and align well with expert opinions. Both genepools are relatively well conserved, with Andean ex situ collections representing 78.5% and Mesoamerican 98.2% of their predicted geographic distributions. Modelling revealed additional collection priorities for Andean landraces occur primarily in Chile, Peru, Colombia and, to a lesser extent, Venezuela. Mesoamerican landrace collecting priorities are concentrated in Mexico, Belize and Guatemala.ConclusionsThe modelling framework represents an advance in tools that can be deployed to model the geographic distributions of cultivated crop diversity, to assess the comprehensiveness of conservation of this diversity ex situ and to highlight geographic areas where further collecting may be conducted to fill gaps in ex situ conservation.
The Political Construction of Extractive Regimes in Two Newly Created Indian States: A Comparative Analysis of Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh
Authors: Adhikari Anindita , Chhotray Vasudha 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThis article presents a multidimensional account of the politics of resource extraction in two subnational regions of India in response to the question: what are the political conditions that facilitate extraction? Emerging from the same moment of state creation in 2000, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh are adjacent mineral‐rich states with similar demographic profiles and comparable levels of economic development. The authors argue that despite these similarities and India's highly centralized legislative framework for natural resource governance, the two states have developed distinctive ‘extractive regimes’ in the years since statehood, which contrast in important ways across three dimensions: political organization and history, institutional effectiveness, and the nature and management of social resistance. The article offers the first in‐depth, comparative account of how subnational territorial reorganization in India acts as a critical juncture enabling the formation of extractive regimes, which have also converged in important ways in recent years.
Speech accommodation toward older people in 7‐ To 12‐year‐old children
Authors: Flamion Allison , Missotten Pierre , Goffinet Alysson , Kukor Léna , Nagy Noemi , Adam Stéphane 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFrom an early age, children develop stereotypes toward older adults leading to potential ageism. In young adults, ageism includes conversational changes, also known as elderspeak, characterized by louder, slower, and simplified speech. Although it has direct consequence on older adults, to date no studies have explored elderspeak in children. We invited 137 Belgian children aged 7–12 to take part in a guessing game through a dissimulated Skype session. The child had to make two female interlocutors in turn, one young (25 years old) and the other old (75), guess two different words each. During the session, children remained unaware of the real purpose of the game. Prosody, verbal fluency, and semantic content of their speech were measured using the Praat and VocabProfil software. The results, analyzed using mixed‐design ANOVA, showed that children spoke louder to the older interlocutor and tended to judge her less competent to guess words than the younger participant. When the older person was second in turn, children engaged in lengthier and more detailed explanations. Unexpectedly, positive views on older people correlated with higher voice intensity, suggesting that the child's differential vocal attitudes may reflect benevolent ageism. In conclusion, significant speech accommodation can be detected in 7‐ to 12‐year‐old children when they speak to an older compared with a younger interlocutor. This accommodation is characterized by louder voice and lengthier explanations.