bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome analysis of the epididymis from Plag1 deficient mice suggests dysregulation of sperm maturation and extracellular matrix genes
Authors: Wong Joanne , Damdimopoulos Anastasios , Damdimopoulou Pauliina , Gasperoni Jemma G. , Tran Stephanie C. , Grommen Sylvia V.H. , De Groef Bert , Dworkin Sebastian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe transcription factor pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) is required for male fertility. Mice deficient in PLAG1 exhibit decreased sperm motility and abnormal epididymal tubule elongation and coiling, indicating impaired sperm maturation during epididymal transit. However, the downstream transcriptomic profile of the Plag1 knockout (KO; Plag1−/−) murine epididymis is currently unknown.ResultsIn this study, the PLAG1‐dependent epididymal transcriptome was characterised using RNA sequencing. Several genes important for the control of sperm maturation, motility, capacitation and the acrosome reaction were dysregulated in Plag1−/− mice. Surprisingly, several cell proliferation genes were upregulated, and Ki67 analysis indicated that cell proliferation is aberrantly upregulated in the cauda epididymis stroma of Plag1−/− mice. Gene ontology analysis showed an overall upregulation of genes encoding extracellular matrix components, and an overall downregulation of genes encoding metalloendopeptidases in the epididymides from Plag1−/− mice.ConclusionTogether, these results suggest a defect in the epididymal extracellular matrix in Plag1−/− mice. These results imply that in addition to maintaining epididymal integrity directly, PLAG1 may also regulate several genes involved in the regulation of sperm maturation and capacitation. Moreover, PLAG1 may also be involved in regulating tissue homeostasis and ensuring proper structure and maintenance of the extracellular matrix in the epididymis.
Rapid shoreline flooding enhances water turbidity by sediment resuspension: An example in a large Tibetan lake
Authors: Mi Huan , Fichot Cédric G. , Bryan Karin R. , Qiao Gang , Fagherazzi Sergio 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTRapid water level rise due to climate change has the potential to remobilize loose sediments along shorelines and increase the turbidity of nearshore waters, thereby impacting water quality and aquatic ecosystem health. Siling Lake is one of the largest and most rapidly expanding lakes on the Tibetan Plateau. Between 2000 and 2017, this lake experienced an increase in water level of about 8 m and a doubling in water turbidity. Here, using this lake as a study site, we used a wave model and high‐resolution remote sensing of turbidity (Landsat‐8) to assess the potential connection between water‐level rise, enhanced wind‐driven sediment resuspension and water turbidity. Our analysis revealed that strong bottom shear stresses triggered by wind‐generated waves over newly flooded areas were related to an increase in water turbidity. The spatial variability of Siling Lake turbidity showed a strong dependence on local wind characteristics and fetch. Two factors combined to drive the increase in turbidity: (1) high wave energy leading to high bottom shear stresses, and (2) flooding of unvegetated shallow areas. Using a new relationship between wave energy and turbidity developed here, we expect the increase in turbidity of Siling Lake to taper off in the near future due to the steep landscape surrounding the lake that will prevent further flooding. Our results imply that rising water levels along the coast are not only expected to influence terrestrial ecosystems but could also change water quality. The methodology presented herein could be applied to other shorelines affected by a rapid increase in water level. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative study on the effect of two drying methods on the guest encapsulation behavior of osmanthus flavor‐2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin inclusion complex
Authors: Hu Jing , Du Peiting , Liu Shanshan , Liu Qinghe , Deng Weijun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFragrance and flavor capsules are generally dried into powders due to the convenience of preservation and transportation, while drying has great effect on encapsulation. In this study, osmanthus flavor (OF) and hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) were used to prepare OF and HP‐β‐CD inclusion complex (OF‐CD). OF‐CD powders were obtained with oven‐drying and freeze‐drying, separately. The effect of drying methods was investigated with the morphology and odor evaluation first. The chemical structure and flavor loading ratio of OF‐CDs were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The flavor was successfully be encapsulated by HP‐β‐CD forming OF‐CD inclusion complex. Oven‐drying led to compact blocky solid, while freeze‐drying resulted in porous morphology. The amount of flavor in OF‐CD with oven‐drying (48.61 μg⁄g) was found lower than that in OF‐CD with freeze‐drying (58.1 μg⁄g). In particular, the content of alcoholics in OF‐CD with oven‐drying (11.8 μg⁄g) was much lower than that in OF‐CD with freeze‐drying (19.04 μg⁄g). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the average activation energy of OF‐CD with oven‐drying (66.3‐135.4 kJ mol−1) was higher than OF‐CD with freeze‐drying (53.0‐100.7 kJ mol−1) by 13.3‐34.7 kJ mol−1. More intermolecular hydrogen bonds in OF‐CD with freeze‐drying led to high encapsulation of partial components; however, they are not thermostable, resulting in fast release at high temperature. The better thermal stability of OF‐CD with oven‐drying makes itself a better candidate for flavor encapsulation for cooking at high temperature.
Parallel iterative stabilized finite element algorithms for the Navier–Stokes equations with nonlinear slip boundary conditions
Authors: Zhou Kangrui , Shang Yueqiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBased on full domain partition technique, some parallel iterative pressure projection stabilized finite element algorithms for the Navier–Stokes equations with nonlinear slip boundary conditions are designed and analyzed. In these algorithms, the lowest equal‐order P1 − P1 elements are used for finite element discretization and a local pressure projection stabilized method is used to counteract the invalidness of the discrete inf‐sup condition. Each subproblem is solved on a global composite mesh with the vast majority of the degrees of freedom associated with the particular subdomain that it is responsible for and hence can be solved in parallel with other subproblems by using an existing sequential solver without extensive recoding. All of the subproblems are nonlinear and are independently solved by three kinds of iterative methods. We estimate the optimal error bounds of the approximate solutions with the use of some (strong) uniqueness conditions. Numerical results are also given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the parallel algorithms.
Relationship between administrative characteristics of long‐term care institutions and use of antipsychotics and anxiolytics in residents with cognitive impairment
Authors: Kijowska Violetta , Barańska Ilona , Szczerbińska Katarzyna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo identify the facility characteristics that are associated with prescribing practices of typical and atypical antipsychotics, and anxiolytics in residents with cognitive impairment in long‐term care (LTC) institutions.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of a country‐representative sample of 23 LTC institutions in Poland was conducted in 2015–2016. Trained staff from each facility used the InterRAI‐LTCF tool and drug dispensary cards on the day of resident's assessment to collect data on medication use from 455 residents with cognitive impairment. We used the anatomical therapeutic chemical classification and a multiple correspondence analysis.ResultsWe identified facility characteristics associated with higher rate of prescribing of: typical antipsychotics (nursing home, private ownership status, higher staff/bed ratio of physicians and nurses, and lower as refers to care assistants); atypical antipsychotics (residential home, public ownership status, higher staff/bed ratio of care assistants, and lower as refers to physicians); and anxiolytics (residential home, facilities of small size, public ownership status, higher staff/bed ratio of care assistants, lower of nurses and physicians). In the facilities where less residents received typical antipsychotics, anxiolytics were prescribed more often, and vice versa (rho = −0.442; p = 0.035).ConclusionThis study showed a considerable variation in the use of typical and atypical antipsychotics, and anxiolytics between nursing and residential homes, which was associated with their organization (type, size, ownership status, and employment rate). We found a negative correlation between prescribing typical antipsychotics and anxiolytics, which made us aware that these medications may be used interchangeably in LTC facilities, despite the fact that both should be avoided.
Neural modelling of the semantic predictability gain under challenging listening conditions
Authors: Rysop Anna Uta , Schmitt Lea‐Maria , Obleser Jonas , Hartwigsen Gesa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhen speech intelligibility is reduced, listeners exploit constraints posed by semantic context to facilitate comprehension. The left angular gyrus (AG) has been argued to drive this semantic predictability gain. Taking a network perspective, we ask how the connectivity within language‐specific and domain‐general networks flexibly adapts to the predictability and intelligibility of speech. During continuous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), participants repeated sentences, which varied in semantic predictability of the final word and in acoustic intelligibility. At the neural level, highly predictable sentences led to stronger activation of left‐hemispheric semantic regions including subregions of the AG (PGa, PGp) and posterior middle temporal gyrus when speech became more intelligible. The behavioural predictability gain of single participants mapped onto the same regions but was complemented by increased activity in frontal and medial regions. Effective connectivity from PGa to PGp increased for more intelligible sentences. In contrast, inhibitory influence from pre‐supplementary motor area to left insula was strongest when predictability and intelligibility of sentences were either lowest or highest. This interactive effect was negatively correlated with the behavioural predictability gain. Together, these results suggest that successful comprehension in noisy listening conditions relies on an interplay of semantic regions and concurrent inhibition of cognitive control regions when semantic cues are available.
Long noncoding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation gene 1 promotes epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in osteosarcoma
Authors: Xun Chuanhui , Jiang Dawei , Tian Zheng , Yunus Akbar , Chen Jiangtao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumors. In the current study, our aim was to explore the role of lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation gene 1 (PVT1) in osteosarcoma.MethodsQuantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of lncRNA PVT1 in osteosarcoma tissues and cells. The relationship between lncRNA PVT1 expression status and the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma was analyzed. The effect of lncRNA PVT1 on the malignant biological behavior of osteosarcoma cells in vitro was also analyzed.ResultsLncRNA PVT1 was upregulated in osteosarcoma. High lncRNA PVT1 expression indicated poor prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma. In vitro knockdown of lncRNA PVT1 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of osteosarcoma cells. In addition, we confirmed that lncRNA PVT1 affected the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of osteosarcoma cells.ConclusionLncRNA PVT1 is a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
Microscopic brain tumor detection and classification using 3D CNN and feature selection architecture
Authors: Rehman Amjad , Khan Muhammad Attique , Saba Tanzila , Mehmood Zahid , Tariq Usman , Ayesha Noor 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBrain tumor is one of the most dreadful natures of cancer and caused a huge number of deaths among kids and adults from the past few years. According to WHO standard, the 700,000 humans are being with a brain tumor and around 86,000 are diagnosed since 2019. While the total number of deaths due to brain tumors is 16,830 since 2019 and the average survival rate is 35%. Therefore, automated techniques are needed to grade brain tumors precisely from MRI scans. In this work, a new deep learning‐based method is proposed for microscopic brain tumor detection and tumor type classification. A 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture is designed at the first step to extract brain tumor and extracted tumors are passed to a pretrained CNN model for feature extraction. The extracted features are transferred to the correlation‐based selection method and as the output, the best features are selected. These selected features are validated through feed‐forward neural network for final classification. Three BraTS datasets 2015, 2017, and 2018 are utilized for experiments, validation, and accomplished an accuracy of 98.32, 96.97, and 92.67%, respectively. A comparison with existing techniques shows the proposed design yields comparable accuracy.
Analysis of Livelihood Strategies for Reducing Poverty Among Rural Women's Households: A Case Study of KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa
Authors: Sharaunga Stanley , Mudhara Maxwell 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study identifies the livelihood strategies of rural women that are critical for reducing household poverty in Msinga, South Africa. Principal component analysis was used to identify the different livelihood strategies pursued by the women as well as their capital endowments. The probit model was used to assess the livelihood strategies, in addition to capital assets and other socio‐economic factors, which are crucial for poverty reduction among rural households. It was found that certain women's livelihoods, in addition to capital endowments and other socio‐economic factors, are critical to move their households out of poverty. Therefore, humanitarian and development agencies should focus on promoting women's strategies that enhance poverty reduction. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mediastinal Masses in Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound ‐ Retrospective Analysis of 58 Cases
Authors: Trenker Corinna , Dietrich Christoph Frank , Holland Angélique , Schulte Frank , Michel Christian , Görg Christian 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo determine contrast enhancing features of mediastinal masses (ML) using transcutaneous contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).MethodsRetrospective analysis of n = 58 patients with histologically confirmed ML, which were examined in the period from October 2005 to February 2018 using transcutaneous B‐mode ultrasound and CEUS. In n = 29 (50%) histological confirmation was performed by ultrasound guided core‐needle biopsy. The lesions were evaluated using CEUS in regard to the enhancement pattern (hyper‐, iso‐, hypoenhancement, non‐enhancement, homogenous, inhomogenous) compared to enhancement of the spleen as an in vivo reference.ResultsN = 53 (91.4%) of ML were malignant (m) (lymphoma n = 36, metastasis n = 11, thymoma n = 2, teratoma n = 1, sarcoma n = 2, seminoma n = 1). In n = 5 (8.6%) cases there was a benign (b) histology (thyroid tissue n = 2, thymus residue n = 1, ganglioneurinoma n = 1, scar tissue: n = 1). In ultrasound, n = 53 (91.4%; (48 = m, 5 = b)) were hypoechoic, n = 5 (8.6%, (5 = m,0 = b)) hyperechoic. In CEUS, n = 35 lesions presented an arterial isoenhancement (60.3%; 33 = m, 2 = b). An arterial hypoenhancement had n = 21 (36.2%, (20 = m,1 = b)), and no enhancement showed n = 2 (3.5%, (0 = m, 2 = b) of the ML. A parenchymal isoenhancement was observed in n = 1 (1.7%, (1 = m, 0 = b)), a hypoenhancement in n = 54 (93.1%; 51 = m, 3 = b) of the patients and almost no enhancement in n = 3 ML (5.2%, (1 = m, 2 = b).) The enhancement was homogeneous in n = 26 (44.8%, (25 = m,1 = b)) cases, in n = 31 (53.5%, (28 = m,3 = b)) inhomogeneous and n = 1 (1.7%) benign lesion was exclusively cystic.ConclusionIn CEUS, mediastinal tumor formations showed variable arterial enhancement, followed by parenchymal hypoenhancement (wash‐out).
Tackling the jelly web: Trophic ecology of gelatinous zooplankton in oceanic food webs of the eastern tropical Atlantic assessed by stable isotope analysis
Authors: Chi Xupeng , Dierking Jan , Hoving Henk‐Jan , Lüskow Florian , Denda Anneke , Christiansen Bernd , Sommer Ulrich , Hansen Thomas , Javidpour Jamileh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGelatinous zooplankton can be present in high biomass and taxonomic diversity in planktonic oceanic food webs, yet the trophic structuring and importance of this “jelly web” remain incompletely understood. To address this knowledge gap, we provide a holistic trophic characterization of a jelly web in the eastern tropical Atlantic, based on δ13C and δ15N stable isotope analysis of a unique gelatinous zooplankton sample set. The jelly web covered most of the isotopic niche space of the entire planktonic oceanic food web, spanning > 3 trophic levels, ranging from herbivores (e.g., pyrosomes) to higher predators (e.g., ctenophores), highlighting the diverse functional roles and broad possible food web relevance of gelatinous zooplankton. Among gelatinous zooplankton taxa, comparisons of isotopic niches pointed to the presence of differentiation and resource partitioning, but also highlighted the potential for competition, e.g., between hydromedusae and siphonophores. Significant differences in spatial (seamount vs. open ocean) and depth‐resolved patterns (0–400 m vs. 400–1000 m) pointed to additional complexity, and raise questions about the extent of connectivity between locations and differential patterns in vertical coupling between gelatinous zooplankton groups. Added complexity also resulted from inconsistent patterns in trophic ontogenetic shifts among groups. We conclude that the broad trophic niche covered by the jelly web, patterns in niche differentiation within this web, and substantial complexity at the spatial, depth, and taxon level call for a more careful consideration of gelatinous zooplankton in oceanic food web models. In light of climate change and fishing pressure, the data presented here also provide a valuable baseline against which to measure future trophic observations of gelatinous zooplankton communities in the eastern tropical Atlantic.
An efficient interpolation‐free algorithm for cylindrical millimeter‐wave holographic three‐dimensional reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Ye , Jiang Xinrui , Ma Zhaoyang , Yang Qi , Zeng Yang , Deng Bin , Wang Hongqiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, an efficient interpolation‐free algorithm (IFA) applied for cylindrical millimeter‐wave (MMW) holographic three‐dimensional (3‐D) reconstruction is proposed. Compared with previous cylindrical MMW holographic 3‐D reconstruction methods, the proposed IFA can efficiently achieve high‐quality 3‐D reconstruction within the region of interest (ROI). In the IFA, the spherical wave data are decomposed into plane wave components along radial direction and height direction in the wavenumber domain. Then, an angle‐matched filter function containing distance information of the ROI is utilized to reconstruct the corresponding cylindrical coordinate 3‐D imaging result, whose radial maximum projection is then utilized to generate the 3‐D point clouds of target surface. Finally, the 3‐D surface is reconstructed based on the screened Poisson surface reconstruction method. Both simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Improving Adherence to Weight‐Loss Medication (Liraglutide 3.0 mg) Using Mobile Phone Text Messaging and Healthcare Professional Support
Authors: Li Ang , Cunich Michelle , Fuller Nicholas , Purcell Katrina , Flynn Allanah , Caterson Ian 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundAdherence to weight‐loss medication is suboptimal, leading to poor health outcomes. Short message service (SMS) can potentially improve adherence.MethodsA total of 3,994 participants with overweight or obesity in Australia receiving Saxenda® (liraglutide 3.0 mg) were enrolled from September 1, 2017, to February 28, 2018, through doctors, pharmacists, or websites and were randomly assigned to receive none, three, or five SMS per week. Participants were additionally offered a face‐to‐face consultation with a diabetes educator or a call from a dietitian. Medication adherence was measured as whether the total scripts claimed were at least as many as the total claims expected by March 31, 2018, and was modeled adjusting for age, sex, baseline BMI, residential region, enrolment channel, the total number of SMS, and additional patient support.ResultsParticipants receiving five SMS (OR, 6.25; 95% CI: 4.28‐9.12) had greater adherence than those receiving three SMS (OR, 3.67; 95% CI: 2.67‐5.03) or zero SMS per week. The effectiveness of SMS on adherence decreased as participants received more SMS over time. Moreover, the odds of adhering to liraglutide were higher for participants enrolled with pharmacists compared with those enrolled with doctors (OR, 2.28; 95% CI: 1.82‐2.86) and for participants who received a face‐to‐face consultation (OR, 3.10; 95% CI: 1.82‐5.29) or a call (OR, 1.31; 95% CI: 1.02‐1.68) compared with those who received no extra support.ConclusionsIntegration of SMS into routine clinical practice should consider not only the frequency and content of reminders but also additional patient support to achieve higher and more sustained adherence to medication and health behavior changes.