bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2‐Activated 3D‐Printed Polylactic Acid Scaffolds to Promote Bone Regrowth and Repair
Authors: Yao Chun‐Hsu , Lai Yi‐Hui , Chen Yi‐Wen , Cheng Cheng‐Hsin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUneven distribution of pores, lack of connection between holes, low reproducibility, insufficient mechanical strength, and incomplete volatility of organic solvents are some problems associated with traditional tissue engineering methods for bone defect repair. These characteristics reduce the quality and stability of products. This study uses 3D printing (3DP) to fabricate a biocompatible poly(lactic) acid‐based scaffold for repairing bone tissue. Hence, three different types of scaffolds are assessed: a freeze‐dried polylactic acid (PLA) scaffold constructed using the traditional freeze‐extraction method; a 3D‐PLA scaffold produced through the 3DP technique; and a 3D‐PLA–bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) scaffold that is prepared using 3DP technology, with the addition of BMP‐2. To enhance biological activity, polydopamine (pDA) is used to graft BMP‐2 on the surface of the 3D‐PLA–BMP‐2 scaffold. Then, the scaffolds are implanted into the bilateral femoral condyles of rabbits, and their ability to repair the bone tissue defects is tested. The results of the experiments reveal that the 3DP scaffolds are more biocompatible than the ones produced through the traditional manufacturing methods because they enhance cell adhesion and differentiation after pDA modification and BMP‐2 fixation. In the future, the 3DP products may be applied for the repair of larger bone defects in the clinical setting.
Recognition of healthy and cancerous breast cells: Sensing the differences by dielectric spectroscopy
Authors: Ambrico M. , Lasalvia M. , Ligonzo T. , Ambrico P. F. , Perna G. , Capozzi V. 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe response of human cells to applied electrical signals depends on the cellular health status, because it is influenced by the composition and structure of the main cellular components. Therefore, electrical impedance‐based techniques can be considered as sensitive tools to investigate healthy or disease state at cellular level. The goal of this study is to show that different types of in vitro cellular lines, related to different health status, can be differentiated using impedance spectra analysis.MethodsThree different types of human breast cell line, corresponding to healthy, cancerous, and metastatic adenocarcinoma cells, were measured by means of electrical impedance spectroscopy. By modeling the investigated cells with proper resistive and capacitive circuital elements, the magnitude of the cell electrical components and spectra of real and imaginary part of dielectric permittivity were obtained. The latter were subsequently examined with a commonly adopted mathematical model, in order to estimate the values of specific dielectric parameters for the three different cellular lines.ResultsThe relative variation of cellular capacitance with respect to that of the culture medium, estimated at 100 Hz, has a larger value for the two types of cancerous cells with respect to the noncancerous type. Furthermore, the ratio between the real and imaginary part of the dielectric permittivity function has larger values for metastatic cells with respect to the normal and nonmetastatic ones. Therefore, the mentioned relative capacitance allows to discriminate between normal and cancerous cells, whereas the results obtained for the dielectric function can discriminate between metastatic and nonmetastatic cells.ConclusionsThis study can be considered as an exploratory investigation of evaluating in vitro the health status of humans cells using selected electrical impedance parameters as potential markers. The obtained results highlight that a standard cultureware system, provided with interdigitated electrodes and appropriate impedance parameters, that is, cellular capacitance and the ratio between the imaginary and real part of cellular dielectric function, can be used to discriminate between healthy and cancerous breast cell lines, as well as different malignancy degrees.
An information‐based comparison of diffusion attenuation models in normal and inflamed bone marrow
Authors: Bray Timothy J.P. , Bainbridge Alan , Sakai Naomi S. , Hall‐Craggs Margaret A. , Zhang Hui 
Published: August 2020

Diffusion‐weighted imaging has received attention as a method for characterizing inflammatory exudates in bone marrow in immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases and reveals an increase in diffusivity in regions of bone marrow oedema. Various models of diffusion attenuation have been investigated but the model providing the best description of tissue pathophysiology in regions of marrow oedema is unknown. Determining the most appropriate model is an important step towards protocol optimization and the development of a robust and clinically useful method.We aimed to determine which of three candidate models of diffusion attenuation most accurately describes the acquired signal from normal and inflamed bone marrow. 11 subjects with spondyloarthritis and evidence of active inflammation (ie bone marrow oedema) on MRI and 17 patients with no evidence of active inflammation underwent diffusion‐weighted imaging of the sacroiliac joints (b‐values 0, 50, 100, 300 and 600 s/mm2). Monoexponential, intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and kurtosis models were fitted to the acquired signal from regions of interest in areas of bone marrow oedema and normal marrow. The three models were compared in terms of sum of squared error and information content (corrected Akaike information criterion). Model parameters were compared between regions of bone marrow oedema and regions of normal marrow. f the three models investigated, the IVIM model provided the best description of the signal over the 0‐600 s/mm2 range across normal and inflamed bone marrow. There was a particular advantage of the IVIM model in normal marrow, where it was best able to capture the pronounced fast diffusion component observed in several cases. However, IVIM and kurtosis effects both became smaller and the signal behaviour became closer to monoexponential in the presence of bone marrow oedema. Our data suggest that increases in Dtissue (in the IVIM framework) might account for the reduced deviation from monoexponential behaviour in oedematous bone.
BMI is Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Intensive Care Unit Admission in African Americans
Authors: Alkhatib Ala L. , Kreniske Jonah , Zifodya Jerry S. , Fonseca Vivian , Tahboub Mohammad , Khatib Joanna , Denson Joshua L. , Lasky Joseph A. , Lefante John J. , Bojanowski Christine M. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has disproportionately impacted the African American community. This study aims to identify the risk factors for severe COVID‐19 disease in African American patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective cross‐sectional analysis of African American patients with COVID‐19 treated between March 12 and April 9, 2020, at a single tertiary center. The primary outcome of interest was severe disease defined as those requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission.ResultsThe study included 158 consecutive patients. The mean age was 57 years, and 61% were women. The mean (SD) of BMI was 33.2 (8.6) kg/m2. Overall, patients admitted to the ICU were older (62 vs. 55 years, P = 0.003) and had higher BMI (36.5 kg/m2 vs. 31.9 kg/m2, P = 0.002). In unadjusted and adjusted analysis, the factors most associated with ICU admission in this sample were age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.073; 95% CI: 1.033‐1.114), BMI (aOR: 1.115; 95% CI: 1.052‐1.182), and lung disease (aOR: 3.097; 95% CI: 1.137‐8.437).ConclusionsThis study identified risk factors for severe disease in COVID‐19, specifically in an African American population. Further inclusive research aimed at optimizing clinical care relevant to the African American population is critical to ensure an equitable response to COVID‐19.
Laser‐Induced Ignition and Combustion of Al−Mg Alloy Powder Prepared by Melt Atomization
Authors: Huang Xuefeng , Yang Yihang , Hou Fengting , Li Shengji , Qin Zhao , Zhao Fengqi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo improve the ignition and combustion performance of aluminum, complementary metal is introduced into it to form binary alloy like Al−Mg, Al−Ti, Al−Zr and Al−Li. This paper mainly investigated the preparation, characterization, ignition, and combustion characteristics of Al−Mg alloy powder. Melt atomization technique was used to produce the spherical Al−Mg alloy powder containing 20 % mass content of Mg composition. The crystalline structure, morphology, element distribution, and thermal performance were characterized by XRD, TEM, SEM, EDS, and TG‐DSC. Results show that the Al−Mg alloy had intermetallic phases of Al12Mg17 and Al3Mg2, uniform element distribution, and no dense oxide shell at the surface. The laser‐induced ignition and combustion characteristics of Al−Mg alloy powder were investigated by microscopic high‐speed cinematography, photoelectric detection, and infrared thermal imaging methods. It is testified that Al−Mg alloy powder took intermetallic phase decomposition, then followed the two‐stage combustion mode, and demonstrated gaseous emission and multiple microexplosion behavior during combustion. The ignition delay and ignition temperature were measured at elevated laser ignition power density. It is found that the temperature rise rate had a significant effect on the ignition delay.
Synthesis and Characterization of Multi‐Modal γ‐Al2O3: A Systematic Investigation on the Optimization of Hydrodemetallization Catalyst Preparation
Authors: Ghassabzaadeh Hamid , Niaei Aligoli , Rashidzadeh Mehdi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe pore structure of hydrodemetallization catalysts plays a vital role in their lifetime and thus, on the process economy. In this investigation, a multi‐modal meso and macroporous alumina has been prepared by using aluminum alkoxides. To tune the alumina properties to the desired values, a systematic design of experiments was applied to propose correlations between the synthesis parameters and catalyst properties. Several factors, which are effective on the specifications of the prepared multi‐modal alumina, were analyzed and the dominant factors were identified. The results predicted by the model were in agreement with the experimental data. The analysis of the results showed that the prepared optimal sample had an average pore diameter and specific surface area of 21.2 nm and 341 m2/gr, respectively. For the prepared catalyst, N2 adsorption/desorption measurements showed a multimodal pore structure ranging from 2 to 100 nm in size.Finally, an HDM catalyst was prepared based on optimum alumina. The activity and performance of the prepared catalyst were compared with those of the commercial catalyst. At low space times, V‐TPP conversion for commercial and prepared catalysts were 38.9 and 49.5 percent, respectively, showing a higher activity for the prepared catalyst.
Mussel‐Inspired Adhesive Nano‐Filler for Strengthening Polyacrylamide Hydrogel
Authors: J. Hossen Md. , Sarkar Stephen D. , Uddin Md. M. , Roy Chanchal K. , Azam Md. S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHydrogels are emerging as one of the most attractive water‐containing polymeric materials for many biomedical and industrial engineering applications. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are often used as filler material to overcome the drawbacks of conventional hydrogels. However, weak frictional interaction of CNC with the polymeric backbone of hydrogels in the presence of water has limited its applications. Herein, we report a mussel‐inspired preparation of a new bio‐based nano‐filler by grafting dopamine (DOPA) over the carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal (CCN), which has been obtained by oxidizing CNC extracted from sawdust. The swelling of polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogels has been significantly suppressed by the incorporation of the modified filler. In contrast, the mechanical properties like Young's modulus, tensile strength, and toughness of PAM hydrogels increased remarkably indicating a strong interaction of CNC‐DOPA with the PAM chains. For instance, the tensile strength increased from 19 kPa for the CNC‐PAM to 39 kPa for the CCN‐DOPA‐PAM. Interestingly, insertion of only 1 % (w/w) CCN‐DOPA has led to the enhancement of the mechanical strength of PAM even more than that caused by the insertion of 4 % pristine CNC. The spectroscopic data along with the morphological analysis of the composite hydrogels suggest strong hydrogen bonding of DOPA moiety and the PAM backbone is responsible for this incredible improvement of the mechanical strength.
Microwave‐Synthesized TiO2 Nanotube as a Durable Li+‐Storage Electrode Material
Authors: Wang Xiaohong , Wang Hongyu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTiO2 nanotube (TNT) is synthesized by a facile microwave method. Physical properties of TNT are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Raman, thermal gravimetric analysis‐differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption‐desorption. Meanwhile, the electrochemical and kinetic performances are investigated. TNT anode in lithium‐ion batteries exhibits a long cycling life (71 mAh g−1 after 20000 cycles at 3 A g−1), outstanding rate capability (123 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1), and fast Li+‐transport (1.42×10−13 cm2 s−1 by EIS). Furthermore, TNT anode in dual‐ion batteries also displays superior cyclic stability (75 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 0.5 A g−1).
Engineering Adsorption Case for Efficient Capture of VOCs Using Biomass‐based Corncobs via a Carbonized Strategy
Authors: Shen Xuhua , Ou Rui , Lu Yutong , Yuan Aihua , Liu Jianfeng , Hu Xiaocai , Yang Zhen , Yang Fu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHerein, we report excellent corncobs‐derived carbon adsorbent by the special KOH chemical activation method which specific to selective adsorption removal of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) under humid conditions. The obtained corncobs‐derived carbon adsorbent affords the enhanced adsorption removal capacities for volatile benzene (851.3 mg g‐1) and toluene (854.9 mg g‐1), outperforming comparative that derived from KOH grind means, which are 3 times higher than those of commercial activated‐carbon (benzene 275 mg g‐1, toluene 310.5 mg g‐1). We also demonstrated that the optimized structural property of the fabricated adsorbent had a good correlation with the adsorption efficiency of VOCs. Besides, the adsorption selectivity of benzene and toluene under different relative humidity distinguished by DIH (Difference of the Isosteric Heat) equation further indicates the beforehand adsorption behavior of toluene on the corncobs‐derived carbon adsorbent compared to benzene, which should be benefited from the improved synthetic tactics. Our study provides a real possibility for the practical engineering application of waste biomass (corncobs)‐derived engineering carbonaceous adsorbent in VOCs pollution control.
Erlotinib Conjugated Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nanodots for Targeted Fluorescence Imaging of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Anjali Devi Jayaraj S. , Aparna Ravindran S. , Anjana Reghunathan R. , Madanan Anju S. , George Sony 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer‐related death in the world due to non‐specific symptoms at early stages and late diagnosis. In this article, we report the use of nitrogen doped carbon nanodots (NCD) as fluorescent contrast agents for in vitro imaging of live pancreatic cancer cells. The surface of these NCDs was functionalised with tyrosine kinase inhibitor type anticancer drug named erlotinib. This targeting ligand enables specific in vitro targeting of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpressed human pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC‐1). The receptor‐mediated fluorescence staining with targeted NCD was further tested by monitoring in vitro targeting in L929 mouse fibroblast cells with normal EGFR expression. The confocal fluorescence microscopic images show uniform fluorescence staining on PANC‐1 cells and a localised fluorescence staining on the central region of normal L929 cells. The fluorescence stability of targeted NCD even after conjugation with bovine serum albumin proved its potential for cellular imaging.
The Practical Total Synthesis of Rottlerin and Rottlerone
Authors: Chen Xu‐Ling , Dong Yu , Wang Ji‐Yu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRottlerin, a chromenochalcone accuring naturally in Mallotus philippensis, processes a variety of biological activities. The compound has a pseudodimeric structure, as two phloroacetophenone derived aryl cores are linked by a methylene bridge. In this paper, we described a La(OTf)3‐catalyzed activated arene‐formaldehyde condensation strategy to construct the methylene bridge, affording the desired product rottlerin and its analogue rottlerone. Moreover, with Eschenmoser's salt, we accomplished the synthesis of rottlerin and rottlerone in one pot.
A Coumarin‐Based Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Hypochlorite Ions and Its Applications in Test Paper and Cell Imaging
Authors: Xie Ya , Zhou Cuiping , Zhang Shiqing , Yan Liqiang , Wu Xiongzhi , Shan Yang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA turn on fluorescence probe was designed cleverly and synthesized simply through the condensation reaction between coumarin derivative and barbiturate, for sensitively specific recognition of hypochlorite ion (ClO−). This probe displayed a transient monitor process (about 5 min) to ClO− in a wide range of pH values (3‐10), and the monitor limit could be estimated as low as 0.73μM. What's more, this probe could perform fluorescence imaging of ClO− in living cells, and make ClO− in aqueous solution appear on the convenient test strip visually.
Enhanced Performance of a Novel Quaternary Nanocomposite CuO/ZnO/ZnS/CuS towards Removal of Dye Pollutant under Simulated Sunlight Irradiation
Authors: Zhu Wenli , Du Juan , Yang Qiaoling , Liu Dongliang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe novel quaternary nanocomposites CuO/ZnO/ZnS/CuS have been successfully synthesized via a green microwave technique using dispersed ZnS micosphere and CuO nanoleaf. More particularly, the sphere‐like ZnS and leaf‐like CuO were mainly responsive to the visible and ultraviolet light, respectively. The quaternary nanocomposites CuO/ZnO/ZnS/CuS were sensitive to both ultraviolet and visible light. When prepared at lower mass ratio of CuO to ZnS, the quaternary nanocomposites showed excellent adsorption capacity in the dark, and remarkable photocatalytic capacity towards Rhodamine B (RhB) dye under the simulated sunlight within a short irradiation time more quickly and efficiently than that of pure CuO and ZnS. The mechanism investigation indicated the photodegradation of RhB dye under the simulated sunlight was mediated by the superoxide radicals and holes. Additionally, the quaternary nanocomposite CuO/ZnO/ZnS/CuS could be easily reused with higher activity.
Senti‐eSystem: A sentiment‐based eSystem‐using hybridized fuzzy and deep neural network for measuring customer satisfaction
Authors: Asghar Muhammad Zubair , Subhan Fazli , Ahmad Hussain , Khan Wazir Zada , Hakak Saqib , Gadekallu Thippa Reddy , Alazab Mamoun 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn the competing era of online industries, understanding customer feedback and satisfaction is one of the important concern for any business organization. The well‐known social media platforms like Twitter are a place where customers share their feedbacks. Analyzing customer feedback is beneficial, as it provides an advantage way of unveiling customer interests. The proposed system, namely Senti‐eSystem, aims at the development of sentiment‐based eSystem using hybridized Fuzzy and Deep Neural Network for Measuring Customer Satisfaction to assist business organizations for improving the quality of their services and products. The proposed approach initially deploys a Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory with attention mechanism to predict the sentiment polarity that is positive and negative, followed by Fuzzy logic approach to determine the customer satisfaction level, which further strengthens the capabilities of the proposed approach. The system achieves an accuracy of 92.86%, outperforming the previous state‐of‐art lexicon‐based approaches. Moreover, the effectiveness of the proposed system is also validated by applying the statistical test.
Encapsulation and Release of Curcumin with the Mixture of Porous Rice Starch and Xanthan Gum
Authors: Wu Lirong , Tian Jinhu , Ye Xingqian , Fang Haitian , Zhang Zhong , Xu Chao , Zhang Huiling 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe porous rice starch (PS) and Xanthan gum (XG) are mixed at different ratios to embed the curcumin. The morphology and physicochemical properties of the microcapsules are characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR); the release of curcumin is evaluated with a simulated gastric‐small intestine model. Results indicate that all the microcapsules present high encapsulation efficiency (>90%) with an average particle size of around 3.30 µm. The curcumin loaded in PS and PS/XG microcapsules forms inclusion complexes rather than simple physical mixtures. The release mechanism of curcumin from microcapsules fits first‐order (R2 > 0.974) and Higuchi (R2 > 0.969) models well in gastric and intestinal models, respectively, indicating that encapsulation of curcumin within PS/XG enables controlled release of curcumin. PS/XG wall materials show great potential for encapsulation and delivery of curcumin.
Laparoscopic versus open distal gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer in middle–low-volume centers in Western countries: a propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Garbarino Giovanni Maria , Costa Gianluca , Laracca Giovanni Guglielmo , Castagnola Giorgio , Mercantini Paolo , Di Paola Massimiliano , Vita Simone , Masoni Luigi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy is the standard treatment for patients with resectable gastric cancer. Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) is routinely performed for early gastric cancer, and its indications are increasing even for locally advanced gastric cancer. The aim of this study is to compare two middle–low-volume centers in Western countries experience on LDG versus open distal gastrectomy (ODG) for locally advanced gastric cancer in terms of surgical and oncological outcomes.

Methods
We reviewed the data of 123 consecutive patients that underwent LDG and ODG with D2 lymphadenectomy between 2009 and 2014. Among them, 91 were eligible for inclusion (46 LDG and 45 ODG). After propensity score matching analysis, using a 1:1 case-control match, 34 patients were stratified for each group.

Results
The mean operative time was significantly longer in the LDG group (257.2 vs. 197.2, p < 0.001). No differences were observed in terms of intraoperative blood loss, average number of lymph nodes removed, and lymph node metastases. The postoperative morbidity was comparable in the two groups. LDG group had a significant faster bowel canalization and soft oral intake (p < 0.001). The 5-year overall and disease-free survival were higher for patients treated by laparoscopy, but the post-hoc subgroups analysis revealed that the advantage of LDG was significant just in N0 and stage IB-II patients, whereas N+ and stage III patient’s survival curves were perfectly superimposable.

Conclusions
LDG for locally advanced gastric cancer seems to be feasible and safe with surgical and long-term oncological outcomes comparable with open surgery, even in medium–low-volume centers.