bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoupled responses of native and exotic tree diversities to distance from old‐growth forest and soil phosphorus in novel secondary forests
Authors: Lai Hao Ran , Tan Germaine Su Yin , Neo Louise , Kee Carmen Yingxin , Yee Alex Thiam Koon , Tan Hugh Tiang Wah , Chong Kwek Yan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractQuestionsHow (de)coupled are native and exotic tree diversities in their relationships with local soil conditions and landscape configurations? Can (de)coupled diversity–environment relationships be used to manage native and exotic species separately to minimize unintended impacts on one another?LocationThe tropical city‐state of Singapore, Southeast Asia.MethodsIn two types of novel, exotic‐dominated secondary forests regenerating from land abandonment, we surveyed both native and exotic trees ≥5 cm diameter‐at‐breast height (DBH) in 97 plots and correlated taxonomic and functional diversities to soil fertility (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) and landscape configuration gradients (distance to old‐growth forests and patch area).ResultsNative and exotic tree species had unshared or decoupled responses to distance to old‐growth forest and soil phosphorus. The taxonomic and functional diversities of native, but not exotic, species declined rapidly with increasing isolation from old‐growth forests. Exotic, but not native, species richness increased with soil phosphorus levels. Neither native nor exotic diversities were associated with soil nitrogen, potassium, and patch area.ConclusionsNative and exotic tree species could be managed separately without unintended impacts on one another because of their decoupled responses to distance from old‐growth forest and soil phosphorus. The native–distance‐to‐old‐growth relationship suggests that novel secondary forests adjacent to old‐growth forests can accrue native species with minimal intervention, while enhancement plantings of old‐growth native species should target more isolated patches. The exotic‐phosphorus relationship suggests that restoring soils to historically‐low phosphorus levels can help to reduce exotic diversity, without negative impacts on native diversity. Our study highlights the importance of understanding (de)coupled species or species‐group responses to identify optimal management solutions with minimal non‐target effects.
Breeding and feeding habitat selection by an island endemic bird may increase its vulnerability to climate change
Authors: Radley Paul M. , van Etten Eddie J. B. , Blake David , Davis Robert A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCharacterizing patterns of habitat use is an important first step for effective conservation planning. Species restricted to low‐lying islands are at greatest risk from climate change‐related sea level rise, and requirements for breeding and foraging habitat may determine their risk from tidal inundation. The endangered Micronesian Scrubfowl (Megapodius laperouse senex) is a model species for understanding these impacts. This species faces the cumulative challenges of tourist visitation, invasive species, and rising sea levels, yet little is understood about its habitat use in the Rock Islands Southern Lagoon Conservation Area (RISL) of Palau. We studied the habitat requirements of this mound‐nesting scrub‐fowl as a representative of a group of birds considered highly vulnerable to climate change. Analysis of 15 habitat variables at 24 incubation mounds and 26 randomly chosen sites indicated that scrubfowl selected incubation sites that were close to shore, contained large trees, and exhibited greater canopy heights than the surrounding forest. Birds preferentially built mounds at the base of large ironwood trees (Casuarina equisetifolia) but selected sites with significantly more breadfruit trees (Artocarpus mariannensis) than random. Scrubfowl foraged in a non‐preferential manner, making use of all littoral strand forest habitat. Direct anthropogenic habitat loss is not a major threat to scrub‐fowl in the RISL, but their breeding habitat is highly vulnerable to climate change‐driven sea level rise.
Crestal bone loss associated with different implant surfaces in the posterior mandible in patients with a history of periodontitis. A retrospective study
Authors: Sicilia Alberto , Gallego Luis , Sicilia Pelayo , Mallo Carmen , Cuesta Susana , Sanz Mariano 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo retrospectively assess the interproximal bone loss (CBL) in external hexagon implants (EHI), with different surface micro‐topography, placed in the posterior mandible in patients with a history of periodontitis undergoing supportive periodontal care.Material and methods268 consecutive patients received 755 EHI implants in the mandibular molar region between 2007 and 2015 with the following surface characteristics: 72 turned, 145 hybrids (double acid‐etched/turned), and 538 anodized. CBL was yearly evaluated by analysing calibrated digital periapical radiographs, with a follow‐up of 1–6 years. Data on implant survival were also calculated.ResultsAt 6 years (53 patients), the mean CBL was 1.34/1.42 mm at patient/implant level, respectively (range: 0–5.2 mm). Significantly higher CBL was detected in anodized implants than in turned and hybrid implants (1.92/1.46/1.02 mm) (p < .01). The maximum CBL values were found in 2 anodized implants at 4 years (6.3 and 8.1 mm). CBL ≥2 mm was detected in 18% of implants at 3 years and 35% at 6 (p < 2.2 × 10−16), this prevalence being 2.6 times higher in the anodized than in the hybrid and turned group (40%/15.6%, p < .0094). At 6 years, 25 anodized implants presented CBL ≥3 mm (18%). 6 anodized implants (5 patients) were removed between 4 and 5 years.ConclusionA significant higher CBL was observed in anodized, compared to hybrid and turned implants, when placed in the mandibular molar region of periodontal patients, with a follow‐up of 1 to 6 years.
A solitary ground‐nesting wasp truncates its parental investment in response to detection of parasites
Authors: Rosenheim Jay A. 
Published: November 2020

Parental investment by solitary nest‐building wasps and bees is predicted to be plastic, responding to variation in the sex of the offspring, the availability of food used as provisions (‘resource limitation’), the female's inventory of mature oocytes (‘egg limitation’), and risk imposed by nest parasites.
I observed nest provisioning by Ammophila dysmica, a solitary, ground‐nesting wasp that provisions its nest with one or two caterpillar prey to evaluate the hypotheses that provisioning is shaped by caterpillar size, offspring sex, the hunting time required to capture prey, a female's egg load, and penetration of nests by the parasites Argochrysis armilla and Hilarella hilarella.
Ammophila dysmica were more likely to add a second provision to the nest when the first prey item was relatively small and when provisioning daughters.
Neither the hunting time required to capture the first caterpillar prey nor the female's inventory of oocytes predicted a female's likelihood of adding a second caterpillar to a nest. Variation in oocyte inventory across females was minimal; all females examined had a mature or nearly mature oocyte remaining in the ovaries immediately after laying an egg.
Ammophila dysmica were much less likely to add a second caterpillar to nests that were penetrated by parasites during the first provisioning.
Although many nest parasites have evolved adaptations to avoid detection by their hosts, oviposition by A. armilla often appears to reveal its presence, eliciting an abrupt truncation of investment by the host in that nest.
Cortical morphometry and neural dysfunction in Huntington’s disease: a review
Authors: Tan Brendan , Shishegar Rosita , Poudel Govinda R. , Fornito Alex , Georgiou‐Karistianis Nellie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNumerous neuroimaging techniques have been used to identify biomarkers of disease progression in Huntington's disease (HD). To date, the earliest and most sensitive of these is caudate volume; however, it is becoming increasingly evident that numerous changes to cortical structures, and their interconnected networks, occur throughout the course of the disease. The mechanisms by which atrophy spreads from the caudate to these cortical regions remains unknown. In this review, the neuroimaging literature specific to T1‐weighted and diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging is summarized and new strategies for the investigation of cortical morphometry and the network spread of degeneration in HD are proposed. This new avenue of research may enable further characterization of disease pathology and could add to a suite of biomarker/s of disease progression for patient stratification that will help guide future clinical trials.
Pairwise comparisons or constrained optimization? A usability evaluation of techniques for eliciting decision priorities
Authors: Abel Edward , Galpin Ixent , Paton Norman W. , Keane John A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDecision support methodologies provide notations for expressing and communicating the priorities that inform a decision. Although a substantial literature has explored the theoretical merits of such notations and methodologies, much less work has investigated their usability in practice, which is of vital importance for their widespread adoption by users. In this paper, we explore the usability of two well‐known preference elicitation techniques, pairwise comparisons and constrained optimization. The techniques were explored through two contrasting crowd worker experiments, a preliminary one evaluating recognition, that is, the ability to identify the most suitable formulation for a given task, and the other synthesis, that is, the ability to construct formulations for a given task. The tasks are based on a case study involving source selection, a well‐known problem in the data integration domain. The results of the empirical evaluation show that, overall, pairwise comparisons resulted in significantly higher performance than constrained optimization, yet there is negligible difference between the usability appraisals for each technique. Furthermore, we observed that the technique that participants perform better with is not necessarily the one that they consider more usable.
Patient’s experiences of suffering across the cancer trajectory: A qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Iskandar Ayuk Cucuk , Rochmawati Erna , Wiechula Rick 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo identify, appraise and synthesize the available evidence from qualitative research exploring the suffering of patients with cancer during their illness trajectories.DesignProtocol for a qualitative systematic review.Data SourcesThe database will include PubMed, CINAHL and Psych Info were searched in May 2020.MethodsThe review protocol has been registered in International Prospective Register for Systematic Review (CRD42020165405). This review will systematically search qualitative research studies in databases from 1982–May 2020, with predetermined search terms. Searches are limited to studies in English. Two reviewers will independently appraise the methodological quality of the selected studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. Disagreements can be settled through discussion which includes a third reviewer, if necessary. This review will use the meta‐aggregative approach to analyze and synthesize data. A summary of findings from selected studies will be presented.DiscussionSuffering is a complex dimension that included physical psychological, existential and social dimensions. This review will enable nurses to gain an in‐depth understanding of suffering that not only worsens at the end of life that can deliver comprehensive care.ImpactThis review is designed to systematically identify and explore the suffering that patients with cancer experience during their illness trajectory. Often suffering is highlighted at the end of life phase. This review will synthesize the evidence of suffering from the beginning of the patient's diagnosis to the end of life. The results of this review provide evidence to support nursing developments in education and clinical practice so that understanding of cancer can be optimized. The findings of the proposed review will contribute as a basis for recommendations for future research regarding suffering.
Factors associated with employment outcome after critical illness: Systematic review, meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression
Authors: Su Han , Dreesmann Nathan J. , Hough Catherine L. , Bridges Elizabeth , Thompson Hilaire J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo synthesize data on prevalence and risk factors for return to work (RTW) in ICU survivors.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.Data sourcesPUBMED, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases were searched from 2000–Feb 2020.Review methodsPeer‐reviewed articles that included adult ICU survivors and employment outcomes. Two investigators independently reviewed articles following the PRISMA protocol. Pooled prevalence for RTW was calculated. Meta‐regression analyses were performed to assess the association between disability policies, temporal factors and RTW following ICU.ResultsTwenty‐eight studies (N = 8,168) met the inclusion criteria. All studies were scored as ‘low risk of bias’. Using meta‐analysis, the proportion (95% CI) of RTW following ICU was 29% (0.20,0.42), 59% (0.50,0.70), 56% (0.50,0.62), 63% (0.54,0.72), 58% (0.37,0.91), 58% (0.42,0.81), and 44% (0.25,0.76) at 3, 4–6, 7–12, 13–24, 25–36, 37–48, and 49–60 months, respectively. Time and disability policy support are factors associated with the proportion of ICU survivors who RTW. Through meta‐regression, there is a 20% increase (95% CI: 0.06, 0.33) in the proportion of individuals who RTW per year. However, the average rate of increase slows by 4% (−0.07, −0.1) per year. In countries with high support policies, the proportion of RTW is 32% higher compared with countries with low support policies (0.08, 0.24). However, as subsequent years pass, the additional proportion of individuals RTW in high support countries declines (β = −0.06, CI: −0.1, −0.02).ConclusionsUnemployment is common in ICU survivors. Countries with policies that give higher support for disabled workers have a higher RTW proportion to 3 years following ICU admission. However, from 3–5 years, there is a shift to countries with lower support policies having better employment outcomes.ImpactHealth care policies have an impact on RTW rate in survivors of ICU. Healthcare providers, including nurses, can function as public advocates to facilitate policy change.
Circular RNA circ_0008305 aggravates hepatocellular carcinoma growth through binding to miR‐186 and inducing TMED2
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Hao Hui‐Hui , Zhuang Hai‐Wen , Wang Jian , Sheng Yu , Xu Fang , Dou Jin , Chen Chuang , Shen Yang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDysregulation of circRNAs is reported to exert crucial roles in cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). So far, the function of circRNAs in HCC development remains poorly known. Currently, our data showed that circ_0008305 was highly elevated in HCC cell lines and 30 paired tissue samples of HCC. As evidenced, suppression of circ_0008305 repressed HCC cell growth significantly. Meanwhile, up‐regulation of circ_0008305 significantly reduced HCC cell growth. Mechanistically, we displayed that circ_0008305 could bind with miR‐186 by using bioinformatics analysis. miR‐186 has been reported to be a crucial tumour oncogene in many cancers. In addition, we proved miR‐186 was greatly decreased in HCC. The direct correlation between miR‐186 and circ_0008305 was confirmed in our work. In addition, up‐regulation of miR‐186 obviously restrained HCC progression. Increased expression of transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 2 (TMED2) is significantly related to the unfavourable outcomes in cancer patients. At our present work, we proved that TMED2 could act as a direct target of miR‐186. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that circ_0008305 up‐regulated TMED2 expression by sponging miR‐186, which resulted in significantly induced HCC progression in vitro and in vivo. These revealed the significant role of circ_0008305 in HCC progression, which might indicate a new perspective on circRNAs in HCC development.
HBI1‐TCP20 interaction positively regulates the CEPs‐mediated systemic nitrate acquisition
Authors: Chu Xiaoqian , Li Mingzhe , Zhang Shujuan , Fan Min , Han Chao , Xiang Fengning , Li Genying , Wang Yong , Xiang Cheng‐Bin , Wang Jia‐Gang , Bai Ming‐Yi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNitrate is the main source of nitrogen for plants but often distributed heterogeneously in soil. Plants have evolved sophisticated strategies to achieve adequate nitrate by modulating the root system architecture. The nitrate acquisition system is triggered by the short mobile peptides C‐TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDES (CEPs) that are synthesized on the nitrate‐starved roots, but induce the expression of nitrate transporters on the other nitrate‐rich roots through an unclear signal transduction pathway. Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factors HBI1 and TCP20 play important roles in plant growth and development in response to fluctuating nitrate supply. HBI1 physically interacts with TCP20, and this interaction was enhanced by the nitrate starvation. HBI1 and TCP20 directly bind to the promoters of CEPs and cooperatively induce their expression. Mutation in HBIs and/or TCP20 resulted in impaired systemic nitrate acquisition response. Our solid genetic and molecular evidence strongly indicate that the HBI1‐TCP20 module positively regulates the CEPs‐mediated systemic nitrate acquisition.
The Counter‐Movement Through the Lens of Generation: Emancipation, Protection, and Neoliberalization in Costa Rica, 2000–2018
Authors: Rayner Jeremy , Morales Rivera Valeria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article employs ethnography and history to consider the role of distinct age cohorts, or generations, in the emergence of powerful movements against neoliberalization in twenty‐first‐century Costa Rica, articulated around the defense of the “social state” and through a decentralized, horizontal organization practice. Utilizing Nancy Fraser's concept of the “triple movement,” we argue that attention to the politics of emancipation and of age cohorts or generations enriches our understanding of movements for social protection by drawing attention to the roles of life cycle and the formation of generations in reactions to marketization; the changing historical definition of what is deemed worth protecting from the market; and the importance of “emancipation,” both as a motive of political participation and as an organizational commitment that facilitates the articulation of intergenerational movements.
Breastfeeding and the origins of health: Interdisciplinary perspectives and priorities
Authors: Azad Meghan B. , Nickel Nathan C. , Bode Lars , Brockway Meredith , Brown Amy , Chambers Christina , Goldhammer Camie , Hinde Katie , McGuire Michelle , Munblit Daniel , Patel Aloka L. , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Rasmussen Kathleen M. , Shenker Natalie , Young Bridget E. , Zuccolo Luisa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBreastfeeding and human milk (HM) are critically important to maternal, infant and population health. This paper summarizes the proceedings of a workshop that convened a multidisciplinary panel of researchers to identify key priorities and anticipated breakthroughs in breastfeeding and HM research, discuss perceived barriers and challenges to achieving these breakthroughs and propose a constructive action plan to maximize the impact of future research in this field. Priority research areas identified were as follows: (1) addressing low breastfeeding rates and inequities using mixed methods, community partnerships and implementation science approaches; (2) improving awareness of evidence‐based benefits, challenges and complexities of breastfeeding and HM among health practitioners and the public; (3) identifying differential impacts of alternative modes of HM feeding including expressed/pumped milk, donor milk and shared milk; and (4) developing a mechanistic understanding of the health effects of breastfeeding and the contributors to HM composition and variability. Key barriers and challenges included (1) overcoming methodological limitations of epidemiological breastfeeding research and mechanistic HM research; (2) counteracting ‘breastfeeding denialism’ arising from negative personal breastfeeding experiences; (3) distinguishing and aligning research and advocacy efforts; and (4) managing real and perceived conflicts of interest. To advance research on breastfeeding and HM and maximize the reach and impact of this research, larger investments are needed, interdisciplinary collaboration is essential, and the scientific community must engage families and other stakeholders in research planning and knowledge translation.
Quality of 2019 American optometric association clinical practice guideline for diabetic eye care
Authors: Gyawali Rajendra , Toomey Melinda , Stapleton Fiona , Dillon Lisa , Zangerl Barbara , Keay Lisa , Jalbert Isabelle 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeThe 2019 American Optometric Association (AOA) clinical practice guideline intends to assist optometrists in providing evidence‐based eye care for people with diabetes. This technical report evaluated the methodological and reporting quality of the guideline.MethodsFour independent reviewers appraised the 2014 and 2019 versions of the AOA’s guideline using the AGREE II instrument. Average scaled scores across the six domains of the AGREE II and an overall independent score were calculated based on the formula provided.ResultsThe 2019 guideline scored high (range: 75–93%) in all domains except for the domain of applicability (34%). In the domain of rigour of development, significant improvements were noted in the 2019 guideline (median score: 7.0, interquartile range (IQR): 6.0–7.0) compared to the 2014 guideline (median: 5.0, IQR: 4.0–6.0) (p < 0.0001). The appraisal of the guideline also identified room for further improvements, especially in relation to implementing the guideline.ConclusionThe overall and domain specific quality of the AOA 2019 guideline was high, however, improvement in its applicability domain is required. The findings of this study will aid uptake of the guideline and inform improvement efforts for other international optometric guidelines.