bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of early radiological response to first‐line platinum‐containing chemotherapy in patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Liu Guo‐Ying , Li Wang‐Zhong , Peng Kang‐Qiang , Lv Xing , Ke Liang‐Ru , Wu Yi‐Shan , Wang De‐Ling , Liang Hu , Liu Kui‐Yuan , Lv Shu‐Hui , Guo Xiang , Xiang Yan‐Qun , Xia Wei‐Xiong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo explore the prognostic value of early radiological response (ERR) to first‐line platinum‐containing chemotherapy in patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (mNPC), as well as its correlation with the best radiological response (BRR).Patients and methodsA total of 756 mNPC patients with measurable lesions who received first‐line platinum‐containing chemotherapy were enrolled in this study. ERR was defined as complete or partial response after 6 weeks of chemotherapy according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1. We performed survival analyses according to the radiological response after repeated chemotherapy. Log‐rank test and Cox regression were used to analyze the survival data.ResultsAbout 470 patients achieved ERR and 78 patients achieved subsequent response (objective response after repeated chemotherapy). ERR patients had better OS (P < .001, median OS: 34.3 vs 22.2 months) and PFS (P < .001, median PFS: 10.2 vs 7.4 months) than non‐ERR ones. ERR (OS: HR = 0.591, 95% CI, 0.495‐0.705, P < .001, PFS: HR = 0.586, 95% CI, 0.500‐0.686, P < .001) was independently prolonged survival compared with non‐ERR ones. Besides, ERR was significantly correlated with the BRR (Kappa: 0.73; Pearson: 0.74, P < .001), and had significantly longer OS and PFS than patients with subsequent response, respectively.ConclusionERR is an independent prognostic factor in determining survival in mNPC patients received first‐line platinum‐containing chemotherapy, which may be a more sensitive predictor to assess overall efficacy of systemic treatment than BRR in mNPC. Prospective validation studies are needed.
Covalent Small Molecules as Enabling Platforms for Drug Discovery
Authors: Dalton Samuel E. , Campos Sebastien 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCovalent drugs have experienced significant renewed interest in drug discovery. This resurgence has been accompanied by a better understanding of the reactivity relationships required to engage selective covalent bonds between nucleophilic proteins and electrophilic small molecules. As a result, researchers have come to the realisation that covalent molecules could also represent useful and novel tools aimed at supporting medicinal chemistry programmes. This review surveys the increasing number of drug discovery platforms employing covalent chemistries, and highlights the utility of these techniques for identifying and characterising small molecules and biological targets.
Tibiopedal arterial minimally invasive retrograde revascularization (TAMI) in patients with peripheral arterial disease and critical limb ischemia. On behalf of the Peripheral Registry of Endovascular Clinical Outcomes (PRIME)
Authors: Mustapha Jihad A. , Saab Fadi , McGoff Theresa N. , Adams George , Mullins John R. , Al‐Dadah Ashraf , Jaff Michael R. , Goodney Philip P. , Khawaja Farhan , Diaz‐Sandoval Larry J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectives and backgroundComplex peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and critical limb ischemia (CLI) are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Endovascular techniques have become prevalent in treatment of advanced PAD and CLI, and use of techniques such as tibiopedal minimally invasive revascularization (TAMI), have been proven safe in small, single‐center series. However, its use has not been systematically compared to traditional approaches.Methods and resultsThis is a retrospective, multicenter analysis which enrolled 744 patients with advanced PAD and CLI who underwent 1,195 endovascular interventions between January 2013 and April 2018. Data was analyzed based on access used for revascularization: 840 performed via femoral access, 254 via dual access, and 101 via TAMI. The dual access group had the highest median Rutherford Class and lowest number of patent tibial vessels. Median fluoroscopy time, procedure time, hospital stay, and contrast volume were significantly lower in the TAMI access group when compared to both femoral/dual access groups. There was also a significant difference between all groups regarding location of target lesions: Femoropopliteal lesions were most commonly treated via femoral access; infrapopliteal lesions, via TAMI, and multilevel lesions via dual access.ConclusionsStand‐alone TAMI or tibial access as an integral part of a dual access treatment strategy, is safe and efficacious in the treatment of patients with advanced PAD and CLI who have infrapopliteal lesions. Larger prospective and randomized studies may be useful to further validate this approach.
Synthetic and Biological Studies on New Urea and Triazole Containing Cystobactamid Derivatives
Authors: Planke Therese , Cirnski Katarina , Herrmann Jennifer , Müller Rolf , Kirschning Andreas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCystobactamids belong to the group of arene‐based oligoamides that effectively inhibit bacterial type IIa topoisomerases. Cystobactamid 861‐2 is the most active member of these antibiotics. Most amide bonds present in the cystobactamids link benzoic acids with anilines and it was found that some of these amide bonds undergo chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis, especially the one linking ring C with ring D. This work reports on the chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of thirteen new cystobactamids that still contain the methoxyaspartate hinge. However, we exchanged selected amide bonds either by the urea or the triazole groups and modified ring A in the latter case. While hydrolytic stability could be improved with these structural substitutes, the high antibacterial potency of cystobactamid 861‐2 could only be preserved in selected cases. This includes derivatives, in which the urea group is positioned between rings A and B and where the triazole is found between rings C and D.
Oral health behaviour, attitude towards, and knowledge of dental caries among mothers of 0‐ to 3‐year‐old children living in Kaunas, Lithuania
Authors: Petrauskienė Sandra , Narbutaitė Julija , Petrauskienė Aušra , Virtanen Jorma I. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the oral health behaviours of mothers with young children and their attitudes towards dental caries.MethodsThe survey targeted all mothers with children under 3 years attending a primary healthcare centre (Department of Family Medicine at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences [LSMU] Hospital) in Kaunas, Lithuania. The Bioethics Centre of the LSMU approved the study (No. BEC‐OF‐14). Of 176 mothers, 123 (69.9%) took part in the 2016–2017 study. The self‐administered questionnaire enquired about mothers' attitudes towards oral health and behaviours related to the potential transmission of oral bacteria to their children, dietary habits, tooth brushing, smoking, and background factors. The chi‐squared test and univariate/multivariate logistic regression analyses served for the statistical analysis. (pvalues ≤ .05 indicated statistically significant differences).ResultsMost (76; 68.5%) of the mothers brushed their teeth twice daily, and 97 (87.4%) reported themselves as nonsmokers. We found a statistically significant association between mothers who brushed their own teeth twice daily and those who cleaned their children's teeth likewise (OR = 5.42, 95% CI [1.28–6.63];p= .005). We observed significant associations among mothers who gave their children sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) daily and the mothers' college or lower education (OR = 6.51, 95% CI [1.59–27.19];p= .01) and maternal tooth brushing less than twice daily (OR = 3.88, 95% CI [0.99–15.18];p= .05).ConclusionsA majority of mothers who took part in this survey did not brush their children's teeth as recommended. Mothers with a lower education and who brushed their teeth less than twice daily offered their children SSBs more frequently.
Treatment of lower limb ischaemia in patients with diabetes
Authors: Choke Edward , Tang Tjun Y. , Cheng Shin C. , Tay Jia S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDiabetic chronic limb‐threatening ischaemia is a challenging clinical problem with patients at high risk of diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) and limb loss. Patients often remain asymptomatic even in the presence of severe pedal ischaemia until first presenting with tissue loss such as DFU or frank gangrene. Limb salvage units should have the facilities and expertise to provide multidisciplinary team‐based holistic care through best medical therapy, rapid diagnosis, prompt revascularisation with endovascular or open surgical techniques and expert wound management. Endovascular revascularisation has become the first line strategy in contemporary clinical practice because of similar outcomes in wound healing and amputation rates in most patients when compared with open surgery. The primary goal is restoration of pulsatile in‐line blood flow to the ankle or foot, with an angiosome‐directed approach possibly achieving superior outcomes especially in diabetics with poor collaterals. A comprehensive overview of conventional endovascular techniques (such as antegrade true lumen and subintimal approaches), advanced techniques for complex disease (such as retrograde subintimal and pedal‐plantar loop approaches or even deep venous arterialisation) and the various treatment options are described. Diabetic limb salvage rates can be excellent with suitable multidisciplinary expertise and care.
Small fibre pathology is associated with erectile dysfunction in men with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Dhage Shaishav , Ho Jan Hoong , Ferdousi Maryam , Kalteniece Alise , Azmi Shazli , Adam Safwaan , Marshall Andrew , Jeziorska Maria , Donn Rachelle , Soran Handrean , Malik Rayaz A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of small and large fibre neuropathy to erectile dysfunction (ED) in men with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsMeasures of small and large fibre neuropathy were evaluated in 49 participants with T2D and 20 age‐matched controls.ResultsED was present in 59% of participants with T2D. There was no difference in age, duration of diabetes, blood pressure, lipid profile, vibration perception threshold (V) (14.3 ± 7.8 vs 11.2 ± 6.6, P = .429), peroneal (41.4 ± 8.2 vs 44.8 ± 4.4, P = .10) and sural (45.4 ± 5.6 vs 47.1 ± 5.8) nerve conduction velocities (m/s), cold (25.1 ± 3.8 vs 26.2 ± 2.9, P = .815) and warm (43.2 ± 4.0 vs 41.0 ± 3.8) perception thresholds (°C), and deep breathing heart rate variability (18 ± 8 vs 18 ± 8) between participants with and without ED. However, intraepidermal nerve fibre density (no./mm2) (4.6 ± 2.8 vs 13.7 ± 2.7, P < .001), corneal nerve fibre density (no./mm2) (23.5 ± 6.8 vs 31.3 ± 8.2, P < .001), corneal nerve fibre branch density (no./mm2) (55.4 ± 35.3 vs 97.7 ± 46.4, P = .004), corneal nerve fibre length (mm/mm2) (17.6 ± 6.8 vs 27.3 ± 6.8, P < .001), and sural (7.7 ± 6.1 vs 14.6 ± 6.7, P = .003) and peroneal (2.5 ± 2.0 vs 4.7 ± 2.0, P = .003) nerve amplitudes were significantly lower in participants with ED compared with those without ED.ConclusionED affects almost 2/3 of men with T2D and is associated with small nerve fibre damage but preserved nerve conduction and cardiac autonomic function. Corneal confocal microscopy may serve as a useful non‐invasive imaging method to identify small fibre damage in patients with T2D and ED.
Symbiotic lifestyle triggers drastic changes in the gene expression of the algal endosymbiont Breviolum minutum (Symbiodiniaceae)
Authors: Maor‐Landaw Keren , van Oppen Madeleine J. H. , McFadden Geoffrey I. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCoral–dinoflagellate symbiosis underpins the evolutionary success of corals reefs. Successful exchange of molecules between the cnidarian host and the Symbiodiniaceae algae enables the mutualistic partnership. The algae translocate photosynthate to their host in exchange for nutrients and shelter. The photosynthate must traverse multiple membranes, most likely facilitated by transporters. Here, we compared gene expression profiles of cultured, free‐living Breviolum minutum with those of the homologous symbionts freshly isolated from the sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana, a widely used model for coral hosts. Additionally, we assessed expression levels of a list of candidate host transporters of interest in anemones with and without symbionts. Our transcriptome analyses highlight the distinctive nature of the two algal life stages, with many gene expression level changes correlating to the different morphologies, cell cycles, and metabolisms adopted in hospite versus free‐living. Morphogenesis‐related genes that likely underpin the metamorphosis process observed when symbionts enter a host cell were up‐regulated. Conversely, many down‐regulated genes appear to be indicative of the protective and confined nature of the symbiosome. Our results emphasize the significance of transmembrane transport to the symbiosis, and in particular of ammonium and sugar transport. Further, we pinpoint and characterize candidate transporters—predicted to be localized variously to the algal plasma membrane, the host plasma membrane, and the symbiosome membrane—that likely serve pivotal roles in the interchange of material during symbiosis. Our study provides new insights that expand our understanding of the molecular exchanges that underpin the cnidarian–algal symbiotic relationship.
Rare species, functional groups, and evolutionary lineages drive successional trajectories in disturbed forests
Authors: Thorn Simon , Chao Anne , Bernhardt‐Römermann Markus , Chen Yan‐Han , Georgiev Kostadin B. , Heibl Christoph , Müller Jörg , Schäfer Hanno , Bässler Claus 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFollowing natural disturbances, additional anthropogenic disturbance may alter community recovery by affecting the occurrences of species, functional groups, and evolutionary lineages. However, our understanding of whether rare, common, or dominant species, functional groups, or evolutionary lineages are most strongly affected by an additional disturbance, particularly across multiple taxa, is limited. Here, we used a generalized diversity concept based on Hill numbers to quantify the community differences of vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens, wood‐inhabiting fungi, saproxylic beetles, and birds in a storm‐disturbed, experimentally salvage logged forest. Communities of all investigated species groups showed dissimilarities between logged and unlogged plots. Most species groups showed no significant changes in dissimilarities between logged and unlogged plots over the first seven years of succession, indicating a lack of community recovery. In general, the dissimilarities of communities were mainly driven by rare species. Convergence of dissimilarities occurred more often than divergence during the early stages of succession for rare species, indicating a major role in driving decreasing taxonomic dissimilarities between logged and unlogged plots over time. Trends in species dissimilarities only partially match the trends in dissimilarities of functional groups and evolutionary lineages, with little significant changes in successional trajectories. Nevertheless, common and dominant species contributed to a convergence of dissimilarities over time in the case of the functional dissimilarities of wood‐inhabiting fungi. Our study shows that salvage logging following disturbances can alter successional trajectories in early stages of forest succession following natural disturbances. However, community changes over time may differ remarkably in different taxonomic groups and are best detected based on taxonomic, rather than functional or phylogenetic dissimilarities.
IL‐15 and CD155 expression regulate LAT expression in murine DNAM1+ NK cells, enhancing their effectors functions
Authors: Luu Thuy T. , Wagner Arnika K. , Schmied Laurent , Meinke Stephan , Freund Jacquelyn E. , Kambayashi Taku , Ravens Inga , Achour Adnane , Bernhardt Gunter , Chambers Benedict J. , Höglund Petter , Kadri Nadir 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNK cells are innate immune cells characterized by their ability to spontaneously lyse tumor and virally infected cells. We have recently demonstrated that IL‐15‐sufficient DC regulate NK cell effector functions in mice. Here, we established that among ITAM‐proximal signaling molecules, the expression levels of the scaffold molecule Linker for Activation of T cells (LAT) and its transcription factor ELF‐1 were reduced 4 days after in vivo depletion of DC. Addition of IL‐15, a cytokine presented by DC to NK cells, regulates LAT expression in NK cells with a significant effect on the DNAM1+ subset compared to DNAM1− cells. We also found that LAT expression is regulated via interaction of the DNAM1 receptor with its ligand CD155 in both immature and mature NK cells, independently of NK cell education. Finally, we found that LAT expression within DNAM1+ NK cells might be responsible for enhanced calcium mobilization following the triggering of activating receptors on NK cells. Altogether, we found that LAT expression is tightly regulated in DNAM1+ NK cells, via interaction(s) with DC, which express CD155 and IL‐15, resulting in rapid activation of the DNAM1+ subset during activating receptor triggering.
Paired 10Be sampling of polished bedrock and erratic boulders to improve dating of glacial landforms: an example from the Western Alps
Authors: Prud'homme Charlotte , Vassallo Riccardo , Crouzet Christian , Carcaillet Julien , Mugnier Jean‐Louis , Cortés‐Aranda Joaquin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCosmogenic nuclide dating of glacial landforms may lead to ambiguous results for ice retreat histories. The persistence of significant cosmogenic concentrations inherited from previous exposure may increase the apparent exposure ages for polished bedrocks affected by limited erosion under ice and for erratic boulders transported by glaciers and previously exposed in high‐altitude rock walls. In contrast, transient burying by moraines, sediments and snow decreases the apparent exposure age. We propose a new sampling strategy, applied to four sites distributed in the Arc and Arve valleys in the Western Alps, to better constrain the factors that can bias exposure ages associated with glacial processes. We used the terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide 10Be (TCN) to estimate the exposure time from paired sampling of depth profiles in polished bedrock and on overlying erratic boulders. For a given sampling site, the exposure ages for both the polished bedrock and boulder are expected to be the same. However, in six cases out of seven, boulders had significantly higher 10Be surface concentrations than those of the associated polished surfaces. In present and past glacial processes, the 10Be distribution with depth for boulders and bedrocks implies the presence of an inheritance concentration of 10Be. Our study suggests that 10Be concentrations in erratic boulders and in polished bedrocks provide maximum and minimum exposure ages of the glacial retreat, respectively. © 2019 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
The gender variation on the electroencephalographic activity in response to the exposure of black pepper essential oil from Kampong Cham, Cambodia
Authors: Kim Minju , Chhoeun Tith Bun , Kim Taehee , Sowndhararajan Kandhasamy , Kim Songmun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe present study was carried out to investigate the effect of exposure of Cambodian black pepper essential oil on the human electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. In the EEG study, 20 men and 20 women healthy volunteers participated. The EEG readings were recorded from 32 electrodes placed on the scalp according to the International 10‐20 system and 25 EEG indices were analyzed. The essential oil of black pepper mainly contains β‐caryophyllene (30.53%), 3‐carene (19.85%), limonene (14.26%), β‐pinene (9.45%), and α‐pinene (5.25%). The EEG data showed that the exposure of black pepper essential oil exhibited different brain wave activity according to the gender. In women, a significant increase of spectral edge frequency 50% of alpha at C4 region was observed due to the exposure of black pepper essential oil. In the case of men, relative gamma, the ratio of sensorimotor rhythm to theta, spectral edge frequency 50%, spectral edge frequency 90%, and spectral edge frequency 50% of alpha significantly increased during the exposure of black pepper essential oil. The result revealed that the gender variation plays a major role in the EEG activity of black pepper essential oil and the exposure of black pepper essential oil may improve the cognitive functions.
Optimizing synchronous extraction and antioxidant activity evaluation of polyphenols and polysaccharides from Ya'an Tibetan tea (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Zheng Qiaoran , Li Wenfeng , Zhang Heng , Gao Xiaoxu , Tan Si 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe optimal synchronous conditions to extract tea polysaccharides (TPS) and tea polyphenols (TPP) from Ya'an Tibetan tea were investigated, and the antioxidative capacity of TPS and TPP was measured, and the tea was analyzed to identify the polyphenol compounds it contained. On the basis of single‐factor experiments, a Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology were applied to optimize the hot water extraction conditions. The optimal extraction technology was determined as extraction temperature of 83°C, time of 104 min, and liquid‐to‐material ratio of 41 ml/g, yielding TPP and TPS at 42.70 ± 2.38 mg/g and 53.86 ± 3.79 mg/g, respectively. The TPS and TPP in Ya'an Tibetan tea have high eliminating activities on DPPH and strong reducing power, with TPP showing a higher antioxidant activity than TPS. UHPLC‐QqQ‐MS/MS analysis identified EGCG, GCG, and ECG as major polyphenol components in Ya'an Tibetan tea. These findings might promote the application of Ya'an Tibetan tea in the food industry.
Prediction kinetic, energy and exergy of quince under hot air dryer using ANNs and ANFIS
Authors: Abbaspour‐Gilandeh Yousef , Jahanbakhshi Ahmad , Kaveh Mohammad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to predict the drying kinetics, energy utilization (Eu), energy utilization ratio (EUR), exergy loss, and exergy efficiency of quince slice in a hot air (HA) dryer using artificial neural networks and ANFIS. The experiments were performed at air temperatures of 50, 60, and 70°C and air velocities of 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 m/s. The thermal parameters were determined using thermodynamic relations. Increasing air temperature and air velocity increased the effective moisture diffusivity (Deff), Eu, EUR, exergy efficiency, and exergy loss. The value of the Deff was varied from 4.19 × 10–10 to 1.18 × 10–9 m2/s. The highest value Eu, EUR, and exergy loss and exergy efficiency were calculated 0.0694 kJ/s, 0.882, 0.044 kJ/s, and 0.879, respectively. Midilli et al. model, ANNs, and ANFIS model, with a determination coefficient (R2) of .9992, .9993, and .9997, provided the best performance for predicting the moisture ratio of quince fruit. Also, the ANFIS model, in comparison with the artificial neural networks model, was better able to predict Eu, EUR, exergy efficiency, and exergy loss, with R2 of .9989, .9988, .9986, and .9978, respectively.