bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative genomic analysis of Bacillus mycoides Gnyt1 strain
Authors: Xiaomei Yang , Yao Tuo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study focused on the comparative genomic analyses of five carrying Bacillus strains which might give us insights on the difference and similarity in the genomic evolutionary kinships and contexts of Bacillus mycoides Gnyt1.Comparative genomic analyses of the carrying Bacillus strains genomes with emphasis on their antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors were performed.Most nitrogen-fixing genes and the phosphate-dissolving genes of the comparative genomic strain existed and the gene type was significantly different. And the action to nitrogen-fixing gene and phosphate-dissolving gene are dependent on different genes. Sharing some adherence, similarity, and the Bacillus mycoides strain Gnyt1 developed evolution is consistent with other Bacillus. Related functions absorb different gene-specific acquisitions, pigments, proteases, regulatory, secretory systems and functional factors associated with nitrogen-fixing phosphorus.Sharing most 16S rDNA analysis, Mauve-based genome-wide, Gene family analysis and phylogenetic tree, the Bacillus strain Gnyt1 and Bacillus mycoides strain AH621 differ in composition gene expression and expression cause conditions and factors.
Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Contraceptives Among Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Sharma Aanchal , McCabe Edward , Jani Sona , Gonzalez Anthony , Demissie Seleshi , Lee April 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background : Despite endorsements supporting the use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) for adolescents and young adult women (AYA), they have limited knowledge about them Male partners can influence contraceptive decisions, however their perceived knowledge about IUDs is lower than their objective knowledge. We aim to establish current AYA baseline contraceptive knowledge and attitudes so providers can better target their sexual health educational interventions.Methods Females and males, aged 13- 23, from our suburban adolescent clinic, completed an anonymous survey that assessed their knowledge and attitudes towards methods of contraception, with an emphasis on the IUD.Results Completed surveys totaled 130 (99 females/31 males). Demographics: Black/African-American (31.3%), Latino/Hispanic (30.5%), White (17.6%), Asian (3%), and Other (14.5%). 80% of participants were sexually active. 69.5% stated they/their partner were currently using a contraceptive method; only 2.6% used IUDs. 56.6% of females and 10.1% of males had heard of IUDs. Despite this, male and female participants lacked knowledge regarding specific IUD facts. 6.4% who had used EC knew the copper IUD could be used for EC.Conclusion: Contraceptive knowledge deficits, especially regarding the IUD, continue to exist for AYA patients. Many participants stated they required EC despite “satisfaction” with their birth control method and most were unaware that the copper IUD could be used as EC. These discrepancies highlight the importance of comprehensive contraceptive education for AYA patients. Enhanced and consistent contraceptive options counseling can help providers ensure that their AYA patients make well-informed decisions about family planning, thus improving their quality of life.
Associations Between I/ D polymorphism in the ACE gene and lung cancer: an updated systematic review and a meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Junping , Tong Xiang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives Previous studies have shown that the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene was associated with lung cancer susceptibility, but there have been conflicts in previously reported results. Therefore, this study has evaluated the association between the I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene and lung cancer risk by constructing a meta-analysis. Methods The study was performed in Web of Science, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China Nationa Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) electronic database, covering relevant studies published until June 31, 2019. The heterogeneity in the study was tested by the Q-test and I2, and then the random ratio or fixed effect was utilized to merge the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). To estimate the strength of the association between ACE polymorphisms and susceptibility to lung cancer. We have performed Sensitivity analysis. Using funnel plot and begger’s regression test investigated the publication bias. All data Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 12.0 and Revman 5.3. Results A total of 4307 participants (2181 patients; 2126 controls) were included in twelve case-control studies selected. No significant association was found between the ACE I/D polymorphism and lung cancer risks (II vs ID + DD: OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.89–1.68; II + ID vs DD: OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.90–1.63; I vs D: OR =1.15, 95% CI = 0.95–1.39). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, no significant association between this polymorphism and lung cancer risks was also found among Asia and Caucasian populations for the comparison of II vs ID + DD, II + ID vs DD and I vs D genetic models. Conclusion Our study indicated that the ACE I/D polymorphism was not associated with the risk of lung cancer.
Auto titrating versus fixed EPAP intelligent volume-assured pressure support (iVAPS) Ventilation in Patients with COPD and Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
Authors: Magdy Doaa Mohamed , Metwally Ahmed Metwally 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Intelligent volume-assured pressure support (iVAPS) is new noninvasive ventilation (NIV) modes can automatically adjust pressure support to deliver effective ventilation.The objectives are to compare treatment efficacy and level of satisfaction between auto-titrating expiratory positive airway pressure (Auto EPAP) and fixed (Fixed-EPAP) during (iVAPS) treatment in stable hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.Patients & methods:In this prospective single-blinded, randomized study, 50 patients with chronic stable hypercapnic (COPD) who met the study criteria; patients were randomized into group I treated with Auto-EPAP and group II who received Fixed EPAP during iVAPS treatment for 5 consecutive days. Patient's characteristics, Arterial blood gases, and lung function test were recorded. Numeric rating scale (NRS), dyspnea and comfort scale were obtained. The patients were evaluated and followed up after initiating therapy for 5 consecutive days. Outcome measures were recorded at baseline (T0) and after three (T1) and five (T2) days of each consecutive period. All parameters were collected and statistically analyzed.Results: No significant differences were found regarding age, sex, and BMI. It was noted that daytime PaCO2 decreased significantly over the follow-up period in group I patients treated with (Auto-EPAP) as compared with (Fixed EPAP). Regarding patient comfort and dyspnea during iVAPS treatment, dyspnea sensation was significantly lower with Auto –EPAP (7.9±1.8 (T0) vs. 3.5±1.1 (T2), p-=0.001) and Fixed – EPAP (7.7±1.9 (T0) vs. 3.4±1.6 (T2), p=0.001), but no significance was reached between both groups. However, Auto EPAP demonstrated significant improvement in comfort when compared with Fixed-EPAP modality. However, the overall satisfaction in patients receiving Auto EPAP modality was significantly increased. Mean tidal volume tended to be higher in Auto EPAP (698±213 ml) compared with (628±178 ml) in fixed EPAP (P =0.001*). The air leak was significantly lower in auto adjusting mode (2.5 ± 1.3 vs.3.7 ± 2.2 L/ min) in fixed EPAP modality.Conclusion: This new auto-titrating NIV mode may provide additional benefit in decreasing PaCO2 more efficiently and improve patient ̍s comfort and satisfaction.
Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) diversity in Ghana
Authors: Addai-Mensah Otchere , Dinko Bismarck , Noagbe Mark , Ameke Selassie Louis , Annani-Akollor Max Efui , Owiredu Eddie-Williams , Mensah Kofi , Tackie Richmond , Togbe Eliezer , Agyare-Kwabi Comfort , Gyasi Charles , Adu-Gyamfi Constance , Debrah Alexander Yaw 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: In the absence of microscopy, Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich proteins 2 (PfHRP2)-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are recommended for the diagnosis of falciparum malaria, particularly in endemic regions. However, genetic variability of the PfHRP2 gene threatens the usefulness of the test. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of PfHRP2 in malaria cases among children in Ghana.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Adidome Government Hospital in the Volta Region of Ghana. A total of 50 children with mean age of 6.6±3.5 years and diagnosed of falciparum malaria were included. Blood samples were collected for complete blood count, malaria parasite identification and counting. DNA samples were amplified and sequenced. Nucleotide sequences were translated in silico to corresponding amino acids and the deduced amino acids sequences were analyzed for diversity.Results: The number of repeats and number of each repeat within PfHRP2 varied between isolates. Twelve rare PfHRP2 repeat types, two of which are previously unreported, were identified in this study. Our HRP2 sequence shared high similarity with isolates from Kenya. Using Baker’s regression model, Group B was the highest occurring type (58.0%). Screening of all sequences for epitopes recognized by PfHRP2-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), we found the predominant motif to be AHHAADAHH, which is recognized by the C1-13 mAbs.Conclusion: This study reports diversity of P. falciparum histidine-rich proteins 2 in samples from Ghanaian children with symptomatic malaria. We highlight the existence of extra amino acid repeat types which adds to the PfHRP2 antigenic variability. The findings of this study will contribute to the understanding of the performance of PfHRP2-based RDTs in the Ghanaian setting.
Transgelin interacts with PARP1 and affects Rho signaling pathway in human colon cancer cells
Authors: Lew Zhen-xian , Zhou Hui-min , Fang Yuan-yuan , Ye Zhen , Zhong Wa , Yang Xin-yi , Yu Zhong , Chen Dan-yu , Luo Si-min , Chen Li-fei , Lin Ying 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Transgelin, an actin-binding protein, is associated with the cytoskeleton remodeling. Our previous studies found that transgelin was up-regulated in node-positive colorectal cancer versus in node-negative disease. Over-expression of TAGLN affected the expression of 256 downstream transcripts and increased the metastatic potential of colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. This study aims to explore the mechanisms that transgelin participates in the metastasis of colon cancer cells.Methods: Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting analysis were used to determine the cellular localization of the endogenous and exogenous transgelin in colon cancer cells. Co-immunoprecipitation and subsequent high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry were performed to identify the proteins potentially interacting with transgelin. Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the 256 downstream transcripts regulated by transgelin to discriminate the specific key genes and signaling pathways. By analyzing the promoter region of these key genes, GCBI tools were used to predict the potential transcription factor(s) for these genes. The predicted transcription factors were matching to the proteins that have been identified to potentially interact with transgelin. The interaction between transgelin and these transcription factors was verified by co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting.Results: Transgelin was found to localize both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of colon cancer cells. 297 proteins have been identified to interact with transgelin by co-immunoprecipitation and subsequent high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Over-expression of TAGLN could lead to differential expression of 184 downstream genes. By constructing the network of gene-encoded proteins, 7 genes (CALM1, MYO1F, NCKIPSD, PLK4, RAC1, WAS and WIPF1) have been discriminated as key genes using network topology analysis. They are mostly involved in the Rho signaling pathway. Poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1) was predicted as the unique transcription factor for the key genes and concurrently matching to the DNA-binding proteins potentially interacting with transgelin. Immunoprecipitation validated that PARP1 interacted with transgelin in human RKO colon cancer cells.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that transgelin binds to PARP1 and regulates the expression of the downstream key genes mainly involving Rho signaling pathway, thus participates in the metastasis of colon cancer.
Perspectives from a Psychiatric outpatient Service for Immigrants and Refugees in São Paulo, Brazil in a 15 year period.
Authors: Carvalho Luciana de Andrade , Andrade Laura Helena , Ang Patrícia Lin , Santana Carmen Lucia de Albuquerque , Albertin Paula de Vries , Neto Francisco Lotufo , Junior Claudinei Eduardo Biazoli 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Immigrants and refugees have specific mental health needs. Studies of immigrant psychiatric patients in Latin America are scarce. This article presents the profile of patients from an outpatient psychiatric service in Sao Paulo (Brazil) in order to better inform mental health service planning for immigrants and refugees.Methods Exploratory study to characterize demographic and mental health profile of refugees and immigrants attending service from 2003 to 2018. Chi-square tests and logistic regressions were used to examine the association of demographic variables, exposure to violence, and immigrant status with psychiatric diagnosis. Cluster Analysis was used to identify sub-groups within the sample. Results A total of 162 immigrants and refugees referred to the service obtained treatment, being 57·4% men, 59·8% refugees/asylum seekers, 51·9% black, 48·8% single, mean age of 35.9, 64·2% with ten years of education, 57·4% unemployed. Half of the sample (52·5%) were exposed to violence. The most common diagnosis was depression (54·2%) followed by PTSD (16·6%). Around 34% of the participants sought psychiatric care in six months upon arrival. Logistic regressions showed men were had decreased odds to present depression (OR= 0·34). Patients with PTSD were more likely to be refugees (OR= 3·9) and not having university degree (OR= 3·1). In cluster analysis, a cluster of patients with PTSD were almost all black refugee men exposed to violence. Most patients diagnosed with psychotic disorders were also black refugee men.Interpretation Data raises questions regarding sex differences and mental health care access. Refugees in Brazil are mainly black men, what might contribute to the profile found in the present study. Further investigation is needed to better understand treatment adherence and clarify the role of patient-health professional relationship in mental health outcomes.
Relationships between abnormal neural activities and cognitive impairments in patients with drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia
Authors: Yan Wei , Zhang Rongrong , Zhou Min , Lu Shuiping , Li Wenmei , Xie Shiping , Zhang Ning 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Prior resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies via the regional homogeneity (ReHo) method have demonstrated inconsistent and conflicting results because of several confounding factors, such as small sample size, medicinal influence, and illness duration. Relationships between ReHo measures and cognitive impairments in patients with drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia (dn-FES) are rarely reported. This study was conducted to explore the correlations between ReHo measures, cognitive deficits, and clinical symptoms in patients with dn-FES. Methods: A total of 69 patients with dn-FES and 74 healthy controls were recruited. MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used to assess cognitive function, intelligence quotient (IQ), and clinical symptoms, respectively. The correlations between ReHo map and cognitive deficits, the severity of symptoms were examined using strict correlation analyses within brain areas.Results: The ReHo values in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) increased in the dn-FES group, whereas the ReHo values in the right cuneus decreased. Correlation analysis showed that the ReHo values in the right MFG were positively correlated with attention/vigilance impairments, social cognition deficits, the severity of clinical manifestations. Conclusions: These findings suggested that abnormal spontaneous activities in the right MFG reflect the illness severity and cognitive deficits, which serves as a basis for establishing the objective diagnostic markers and might be a clinical intervention target for patients with schizophrenia.
Adverse event reports in patients taking psychiatric medication during pregnancy from spontaneous reports in Japan and the United States: an approach using latent class analysis
Authors: Anzai Tatsuhiko , Takahashi Kunihiko , Watanabe Michiko , Mochizuki Mayumi , Murashima Atsuko 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Little is known regarding the association between adverse events (AEs) and psychiatric medications administered to pregnant women in clinical trials during the pre-marketing period. This study analyzes reports of AE association with psychiatric medication administrated during pregnancy using post-marketing spontaneous reports of AE from the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database and Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System in the United States (FAERS-US). Methods: We summarized AE reports of psychiatric medication administrated during pregnancy by comparing data obtained from JADER and FAERS-US databases with medication patterns determined as classes via latent class analysis. The odds ratios (ORs) of AE reports categorized into system organ classes in which each class was compared with those without psychiatric medications. Results: The proportions of AE reports under psychiatric medication in pregnancy among all AE reports were 22.0% and 16.6% in JADER and FAERS-US, respectively. The 10,389 reports of psychiatric medication during pregnancy were classified into 11 classes. The proportion of patients receiving four or more psychiatric drugs in JADER was larger than that in FAERS-US. The maximum number of reports in combinations of AE and medication pattern in JADER was 169, for ‘general disorders and administration site conditions’ from the class of four or more medications (OR = 9.1), while that in FAERS-US was 1,654, for ‘injury, poisoning, and procedural complications’ from the class of single psychiatric medication (OR = 2.8). Conclusions: The main AE reports and associated AE differed depending on medication patterns in pregnant women taking psychiatric medication. This study may provide a prediction of AEs that are likely to be reported with each medication pattern. Our findings of the association between AE reports and medication patterns could help improve the administration of psychiatric medications during pregnancy, though further research on additional datasets is needed to clarify these results.
A Systematic Review of Validated Screening Tools for Anxiety Disorders and PTSD in Low to Middle Income Countries
Authors: Mughal Anisa , Devadas Jackson , Ardman Eric , Levis Brooke , Go Vivian F , Gaynes Bradley N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) contribute significantly to disability adjusted life years in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs). Screening has been proposed to improve identification and management of these disorders, but little is known about the validity of screening tools for these disorders. We conducted a systematic review of validated screening tools for detecting anxiety and PTSD in LMICs. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health and PsychINFO were searched (inception-January 10, 2019). Eligible studies (1) screened for anxiety disorders and/or PTSD; (2) reported sensitivity and specificity for a given cut-off value; (3) were conducted in LMICs; and (4) compared screening results to diagnostic classifications based on a reference standard. Screening tool, cut-off, disorder, region, country, and clinical population were extracted for each included study. We assed quality using a modified version of Greenhalgh’s ten item checklist. Accuracy results were organized based on screening tool, cut-off, and specific disorder. Accuracy estimates for the same cut-off for the same screening tool and disorder were combined via meta-analysis.ResultsOf 5343 unique citations identified, 57 articles including 75 screening tools were included. There were 44, 20 and 11 validations for anxiety, PTSD, and combined depression and anxiety, respectively. Continentally, Asia had the most validations (34). Regionally, South Asia (10) had the most validations, followed by West Asia (9) and South Africa (9). The Kessler-10 (7) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 item scale (GAD-7) (6) were the most commonly validated tools for anxiety disorders, while the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (3) and Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (3) were the most commonly validated tools for PTSD. Most studies (27) had the lowest quality rating (unblinded) followed by good (21). Due to incomplete reporting, we combined only two sets of accuracy values in meta-analysis (GAD-7 cut-off ≥10; sensitivity: 76%, specificity: 64%).ConclusionUse of brief screening instruments can bring much needed attention and research opportunities to various at-risk LMIC populations, yet many have been validated in inadequately designed studies. Locally validated screening tools for anxiety and PTSD need further evaluation and well-designed studies, including clinical trials, to determine whether their use can reduce the burden of disease. PROSPERO registry number: CRD42019121794
Association of serum uric acid levels with suicide risk in female patients with major depressive disorder: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Jing-Xu , Feng Jun-Hui , Zhang Li-Gang , Liu Yan , Yang Fu-De , Wang Shao-Li , Tan Yun-Long , Su Yun-Ai 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) have a high suicide risk. Some evidence suggests that uric acid (UA) may be involved in the pathophysiology of MDD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether serum UA levels were associated with suicide risk in MDD patients.Methods: One hundred four female patients with MDD (52 patients with suicide risk and 52 patients without suicide risk) and 52 healthy individuals were included in this study. The suicide risk was evaluated by Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I). Fasting serum levels of UA, as well as glucose, lipid and renal function indicators were measured.Results: Serum UA levels in MDD patients with suicide risk (245.01 ± 55.44 μmol/L) were significantly lower than those in MDD patients without suicide risk (274.17 ± 72.65 μmol/L) (p = 0.017) and healthy controls (271.42 ± 55.25 μmol/L) (p = 0.030). There was no difference in serum UA levels between the MDD patients without suicide risk and healthy controls (p = 0.821). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between suicide risk and decreased serum UA levels (OR = 0.989, p = 0.010) in MDD patients.Conclusion: Decreased serum UA levels were associated with suicide risk in MDD patients. Purinergic system dysfunction may be involved in the neurobiological basis of suicide risk in these patients.