bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sildenafil attenuates nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory‐induced gastric ulceration in mice via antioxidant and antigenotoxic mechanisms
Authors: Maziero Alves Gisele , Aires Rafaela , de Souza Santos Verônica , Zambom Côco Larissa , Peters Beatriz , de Leone Evangelista Monteiro Assis Arícia , Ramos Athaydes Brena , Gobbi Amorim Fernanda , Valentim Nogueira Breno , de Ribeiro Gonçalves Rita Cássia , dos Santos Meyrelles Silvana , Melo Costa Pereira Thiago , Prandi Campagnaro Bianca 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSildenafil (SIL) has potential as an interesting gastroprotective drug. However, the pathways of its protective effect still needs to be clarified, and its use as a potential gastroprotective agent validated. This study aims to evaluate the effects of SIL via modulation of oxidative stress in a NSAID‐induced gastric lesion model. Male Swiss mice were divided into six groups: control (CON, water), nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID, water), proton pump inhibitor (PPI, 30 mg/kg of lansoprazole), SIL 5 (5 mg/kg), SIL 25 (25 mg/kg) and SIL 50 (50 mg/kg). The animals were treated by gavage (a single dose) after 24 hours of fasting, and gastric lesions were performed after 30 minutes, with indomethacin (40 mg/kg, by gavage). After 6h, the animals were killed and the stomach was removed to evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidation of macromolecules, quantification of antioxidant enzymes, DNA fragmentation, apoptosis and macroscopic and histologic analysis of gastric lesions. SIL exerts a dose‐dependent gastroprotective effect against NSAID‐induced mucosal injury, also reducing cytoplasmic levels of ROS and consequent oxidative damage to macromolecules. In addition, SIL increases nitric oxide bioavailability, antioxidant enzymes and gastric cellular viability, as well as restoring important factors involved in gastroprotection. Our results demonstrate that different doses of SIL prevent indomethacin‐induced gastric ulcer in mice via different, but complementary antioxidant, antigenotoxic and antiapoptotic mechanisms.
Ambivalence, Political Consensus and Conditionality: Support for Whistleblowing among Danish Employees
Authors: Olesen Thomas 
Published: October 2020

Whistleblower research is understandably focused around the protagonists of the practice. We still know surprisingly little about how whistleblowing is perceived in the wider population. Drawing on a representative survey of Danish employees (N = 1,709), this paper analyses how whistleblower public support is distributed along variables such as political preference, political interest and job type, and tests whether it is conditional on whistleblower motivation and type of wrongdoing. The paper finds that public support is strong but also ambivalent. It shows that support is evenly distributed along party preference. It also demonstrates that support is not uniform but conditional on the characteristics of the whistleblower situation. These insights are important for both social and political reasons in the present situation where whistleblowing seems to be on the rise. From a policy perspective, it offers policymakers an important evidence‐based navigation tool in devising whistleblower legislation.
The effect of polycystic ovary syndrome without hyperandrogenism on pregnancy‐related outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hu Shiqiao , Xu Bei , Long Rui , Jin Lei 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) without hyperandrogenism on pregnancy‐related outcomes.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingReproductive Medicine Centre of Tongji Hospital.PopulationWomen without hyperandrogenism undergoing their first single blastocyst transfers in frozen–thawed cycles were divided into a PCOS group and a non‐PCOS group according to the Rotterdam criteria.MethodsThe pregnancy‐related outcomes of women with and without PCOS were compared. Propensity score matching and multiple logistic regression models were used to eliminate essential impacts on pregnancy‐related outcomes.Main outcome measuresPregnancy‐related outcomes included pregnancy loss and abnormal perinatal outcomes.ResultsA total of 4083 women without hyperandrogenism met the study criteria, among whom 557 met the diagnostic criteria for PCOS. Women with PCOS had higher rates of clinical pregnancy (P = 0.035) and cumulative live births (P = 0.023). However, there were no significant differences in the rates of biochemical pregnancy, twins and pregnancy loss between the two groups. Among women with singleton pregnancies, the incidences of preterm birth, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, placenta praevia, fetal malformation, macrosomia and low birthweight did not differ significantly between the two groups. The results remained unchanged even after adjustments were made for propensity score matching and multiple logistic regression analyses.ConclusionWomen with PCOS without hyperandrogenism may achieve higher rates of clinical pregnancy and cumulative live birth than those without PCOS, without increases in their rates of biochemical pregnancy, pregnancy loss or other abnormal perinatal outcomes.Tweetable abstractPCOS without hyperandrogenism was not associated with abnormal pregnancy‐related outcomes.
Derivation and validation of a novel comorbidity‐based delirium risk index to predict postoperative delirium using national administrative healthcare database
Authors: Zhong Xiaobo , Lin Jung‐Yi , Li Lihua , Barrett A. M. , Poeran Jashvant , Mazumdar Madhu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo derive and validate a comorbidity‐based delirium risk index (DRI) to predict postoperative delirium.Data Source/Study SettingData of 506 438 hip fracture repair surgeries from 2006 to 2016 were collected to derive DRI and perform internal validation from the Premier Healthcare Database, which provided billing information on 20‐25 percent of hospitalizations in the USA. Additionally, data of 1 130 569 knee arthroplasty surgeries were retrieved for external validation.Study DesignThirty‐six commonly seen comorbidities were evaluated by logistic regression with the outcome of postoperative delirium. The hip fracture repair surgery cohort was separated into a training dataset (60 percent) and an internal validation (40 percent) dataset. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) procedure was applied for variable selection, and weights were assigned to selected comorbidities to quantify corresponding risks. The newly developed DRI was then compared to the Charlson‐Deyo Index for goodness‐of‐fit and predictive ability, using the Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), area under the ROC curve (AUC) for goodness‐of‐fit, and odds ratios for predictive performance. Additional internal validation was performed by splitting the data by four regions and in 4 randomly selected hospitals. External validation was conducted in patients with knee arthroplasty surgeries.Data CollectionHip fracture repair surgeries, knee arthroplasty surgeries, and comorbidities were identified by using ICD‐9 codes. Postoperative delirium was defined by using ICD‐9 codes and analyzing billing information for antipsychotics (specifically haloperidol, olanzapine, and quetiapine) typically recommended to treat delirium.Principal FindingsThe derived DRI includes 14 comorbidities and assigns comorbidities weights ranging from 1 to 6. The DRI outperformed the Charlson‐Deyo Comorbidity Index with better goodness‐of‐fit and predictive performance.ConclusionsDelirium risk index is a valid comorbidity index for covariate adjustment and risk prediction in the context of postoperative delirium. Future work is needed to test its performance in different patient populations and varying definitions of delirium.
The Dessert Flip: Consumer preference for desserts with a high proportion of fruit and nuts
Authors: Kurzer Amalie , Spencer Molly , Cienfuegos Cesar , Guinard Jean‐Xavier 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAmerican adults consume excess added sugar and saturated fat, and not enough fruit. A possible solution is the “Dessert Flip,” a shift in which the proportions of more sustainable plant‐based garnishes, such as fruit and nuts, are increased, while the proportion of conventional dessert is reduced. We hypothesized that the pleasing properties of fruits and nuts—color, variety, flavor, and texture—would allow the Dessert Flip to be liked as well or better than a conventional dessert by college‐aged students in a dining hall. In a sensory test, participants (n = 118) significantly preferred plated flipped desserts—those containing 80% by weight fruit (strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, and mangoes) and nuts with 20% cake—over the conventional versions of those desserts with 80% cake and 20% fruit and nuts. No significant differences were found in overall liking. In a second experiment, after eating an entrée, participants (n = 150) chose pictures of multiple varieties of flipped cakes with 60% fruit and 40% cake significantly more than pictures of conventional 80% cake for dessert. Based on the U.S. average fruit prices, the Dessert Flip can be equal or lower in price per serving compared to an ungarnished typically sized cake. We conclude that the Dessert Flip offers a feasible option for increasing servings of fruits and nuts in desserts as well as reducing added sugar and saturated fat while maintaining sensory appeal. Future dietary guidelines could include this general strategy as a recommendation for helping adults include more fruits in their diets.Practical ApplicationThe Dessert Flip offers an appetizing way for foodservice to promote healthier eating by increasing servings of fruits and nuts in their desserts while reducing added sugar and saturated fat. Consumers can try this strategy at home by cutting a smaller piece of cake and adding fruit on the side.
Exploring the Use of Decision Tree Methodology in Hydrology Using Crowdsourced Data
Authors: Wu Di , Del Rosario Elizabeth A. , Lowry Christopher 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo fill the observations gap on ungauged streams, crowdsourced distributed hydrologic measurements were considered as a potential supplement for observational data networks. However, citizen science data come with uncertainty as they are provided by the general public. In order to investigate this uncertainty, a decision tree methodology was applied to evaluate existing citizen science data of stream stage based on the CrowdHydrology (CH) network. Quality control (QC) flags were developed and applied to CH sites, dividing Level 1 dataset (raw dataset) into Level 2 (flagged dataset) and Level 3 (processed dataset). Error estimates were calculated to determine uncertainty in the citizen science data. The results indicate that the decision tree could provide reliable QC for citizen science data and demonstrate how uncertainty can be quantified in the QC datasets.
Determinants influencing immediate breast reconstruction in an Australian tertiary public hospital
Authors: McCamley Chere , Mills Christopher , Chow Yvonne , Ross David , Fox Jane 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn Australia, the rate of immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) following breast cancer surgery is highly variable. This study aimed to identify the rate of IBR within an Australian public tertiary breast oncology referral centre and analyse the tumour and demographic factors that impact upon IBR uptake.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of 288 admissions of women requiring mastectomy between January 2012 and March 2015 was performed. Data collected included demographic data, tumour pathology, operative details and neoadjuvant therapy. Demographic data included a Socioeconomic Index for Area score, based on individual residential postcode, country of birth and need for an interpreter.ResultsOur study demonstrated an IBR rate of 41.3% and included a wide variety of reconstructions. Factors that increased the IBR rate included younger age and negative lymph node status. Our patient population was ethnically and linguistically diverse, with over 50 different countries of birth represented and with 53 patients requiring interpreters in 19 different languages. Our analysis shows that the requirement for an interpreter is negatively correlated with having an IBR.ConclusionsOur research demonstrates a high rate of IBR that includes a wide range of autologous and alloplastic reconstructions. Our study represents a unique opportunity to identify socioeconomic barriers that influence patient choice for reconstruction following mastectomy. This can lead to improved health care provision for our patients. This is particularly important in tertiary services with a strong multicultural and multi‐linguistic population.
Readability of foot and ankle consent forms in Queensland
Authors: Pastore Giuseppe , Frazer Philip M. , Mclean Andrew , Walsh Tom P. , Platt Simon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to conduct a readability analysis on both patient take‐home information and consent forms for common foot and ankle procedures. Our hypothesis was that the objective reading skills required to read and comprehend the documentation currently in use would exceed the recommendations in place by both national and international bodies.MethodsThe current Queensland Health consent forms are divided into specific subsections. The readability of consent form subsections C and G (sections containing detailed information on risks of the procedure and pertaining to informed patient consent specifically) and patient take‐home information (provided as take‐home leaflet from the consent form which is procedure specific) was assessed by an online readability software program using five validated methods calculated by application of the algorithms for (i) Flesch–Kincaid grade level, (ii) the SMOG (Simple Measure of Gobbledygook), (iii) Coleman–Liau index, (iv) automated readability index and the (v) Linsear Wriste formula.ResultsThe mean ± standard deviation reading grade level of risk (section C), grade level of patient consent (section G) and grade level for procedure‐specific take‐home patient information were 8.7 ± 0.9, 11.6 ± 1.2 and 7.5 ± 0.2, respectively.ConclusionThe readability of sections C and G of the Queensland Health consent form exceeds the recommendations by national and international bodies, but the patient take‐home information appears suitable. Consideration should be given to lower the reading grade level of patient consent forms to better reflect the reading grade of the Australian population.
Hyperactivity is associated with higher fat‐free mass and physical activity in Swedish preschoolers: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lundgren Oskar , Henriksson Pontus , Delisle Nyström Christine , Silfvernagel Kristin , Löf Marie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimWe investigated psychological strengths and difficulties in a Swedish population of preschool children and analysed how these behavioural variables were related to body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity levels, sedentary behaviour and diet.MethodsThree hundred and fifteen boys and girls were recruited during 2014‐2015. Body composition was measured using air‐displacement plethysmography, and anthropometric measures were taken. Parents responded to questions about age, sex and educational attainment, diet, physical activity levels and smoking habits, as well as the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Regression models were created to analyse associations between psychological variables, body composition and health behaviours.ResultsHyperactivity scores were positively related to fat‐free mass (β = 0.20, P = .001) and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (β = 0.16, P = .003) and negatively associated with sedentary behaviours (β = 0.18, P = .001), but showed no statistically significant associations with fat mass.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the adverse health consequences of hyperactivity on obesity and obesity‐related health behaviours may be established after the preschool period. Questions about the time frame of contributing and modulating factors in obesity development are discussed.
Measuring global bystander intervention and exploring its antecedents for helping refugees
Authors: Albayrak‐Aydemir Nihan , Gleibs Ilka Helene 
Published: October 2020

Although the bystander intervention model provides a useful account of how people help others, no previous study has applied it to a global emergency. This research aims to develop a scale for measuring global bystander intervention and investigate its potential antecedents in the Syrian refugee emergency. In Study 1 (N = 80) and Study 2 (N = 205), a 12‐item scale was established through a substantive‐validity assessment and a confirmatory factor analysis, respectively. Study 3 (N = 601) explored the potential antecedents of the global bystander intervention, employing British and German samples. Results show that the global bystander intervention model worked for both samples, but there were significant between‐group differences in terms of the extent to which they notice the emergency, know how to help, show political support, and donate money. Overall, the visibility of the global emergency aftermaths within the context has been deduced as a meaningful driver for between‐group differences. This research provides the first empirical evidence on global bystander intervention and it offers timely suggestions to promote support for refugees or other victims of global disasters, especially among those who are distant to the disaster zone.
Relapse rate and renal prognosis in ANCA-associated vasculitis according to long-term ANCA patterns
Authors: Oristrell J , Loureiro-Amigo J , Solans R , Valenzuela M P , Monsálvez V , Segarra A , Amengual M J , Marín A , Feijoo C , Tolosa C 
Published: October 2020

Summary
Long-term observation of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) allows the identification of different longitudinal patterns of ANCA levels during follow-up. This study aimed to characterize these patterns and to determine their prognostic significance.
All ANCA determinations performed in two university hospitals during a 2-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were included in the analysis if they had high titers of anti-myeloperoxidase (anti-MPO) or anti-proteinase 3 (anti-PR3) antibodies at least once, ≥ 5 serial ANCA determinations and AAV diagnosed by biopsy or American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria. Patients’ time–course ANCA patterns were classified as monophasic, remitting, recurrent or persistent. Associations between ANCA patterns and prognostic variables (relapse rate and renal outcome) were analysed by univariate and multivariate statistics. A total of 99 patients [55 with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), 36 with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and eight with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA)] were included. Median follow-up was 9 years. Among patients diagnosed with MPA or GPA, recurrent or persistent ANCA patterns were associated with a higher risk of clinical relapse [hazard ratio (HR) = 3·7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1·5–9·1 and HR = 2·9, 95% CI = 1·1–8·0, respectively], independently of clinical diagnosis or ANCA specificity. In patients with anti-MPO antibodies, the recurrent ANCA pattern was associated with worsening renal function [odds ratio (OR) = 5·7, 95% CI = 1·2–26·0]. Recurrent or persistent ANCA patterns are associated with a higher risk of clinical relapse. A recurrent ANCA pattern was associated with worsening renal function in anti-MPO-associated vasculitis.
A disconnect between upslope shifts and climate change in an Afrotropical bird community
Authors: Neate‐Clegg Montague H. C. , O'Brien Timothy G. , Mulindahabi Felix , Şekercioğlu Çağan Hakkı 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClimate change threatens to push species to higher elevations and eventual extinction. Birds, in particular, are shown to be shifting upslope in the Neotropics and Southeast Asia. Yet previous studies have lacked the temporal resolution to investigate distributional dynamics over time in relation to climatic fluctuations, especially in the understudied Afrotropics. Here, we used 15 years of point‐count data from across an elevational gradient (1,767–2,940 m) in Rwanda, to assess elevational shift rates and dynamics in a community of Afrotropical birds. In general, species shifted their elevations upslope by 1.9 m/year, especially at their lower elevational limits which shifted by 4.4 m/year. Importantly, these shifts occurred despite the fact that local temperature and precipitation showed little trend over the study period. Moreover, the interannual distributions of few species were associated with temperature, suggesting that temperature played little direct role in determining elevational distributions of birds. Instead, upslope shifts may be more related to incremental shifts in habitat and resources which lag behind decades of increased temperature in the region. Precipitation appeared to have more of an effect than temperature in determining interannual elevational changes, allowing species to expand their ranges in years of higher rainfall. Our results highlight the need to understand the mechanisms driving upslope shifts as they occur throughout the tropics. It will be critical for montane regions of the tropics to preserve contiguous blocks of forest across elevational gradients to allow wildlife to shift unimpeded.
Plantar fasciitis in 19 endurance horses: Diagnosis, treatment and follow‐up
Authors: Paris A. , Beccati F. , Pepe M. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryLesions of the peritendinous–periligamentous soft tissues of the tarsus (plantar fasciitis) commonly result in a curb‐like appearance and are considered overrepresented in Standardbred racehorses; however, plantar fasciitis is also quite common in endurance horses. Nineteen endurance horses of different ages (median: 7 years; range: 3–13) and athletic activity level comprising a total number of 25 plantar fasciitis cases were described in this study. In nine cases, injury developed during a training session, and in 16 cases, it developed during competition. In 18 cases, there was swelling, heat and pain on palpation, and in six cases, only swelling was detected. Eight cases were not lame at the time of examination, while in 17 cases, lameness ranged from grades 1–3 on the American Association of Equine Practitioners modified grading scale. The degree of swelling was significantly related to the lameness grade. Ultrasonography revealed differing amounts of thickening of the plantar fascia plantar to the superficial digital flexor tendon and peritendinous–periligamentous oedema of heterogeneous appearance. Horses were treated conservatively with several combinations of rest, controlled exercise, ice‐therapy, corticosteroids, local application of working counterirritants and therapeutic shoeing. Seventeen of 25 cases (68%) did not develop re‐injury after treatment and rehabilitation, whilst eight of 25 (32%) developed one or more re‐injury/injuries. Overall, 21 of 25 cases (84%) returned to the previous or a higher level of competition; in one case (4%), the injury was the cause of retirement from athletic activity. Plantar fasciitis can be considered a sport‐related injury in endurance horses of all ages and athletic activity level. Re‐injury rate is low; however, adequate rest and rehabilitation protocols are important. Plantar fasciitis rarely leads to retirement from athletic activity, but it can result in 2–5 months out of training and competition.