bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of dietary interventions for weight loss in adults in the Middle East and north Africa region
Authors: Zaghloul Hadeel , Elshakh Hadya , Elzafarany Abdullah , Chagoury Odette , McGowan Barbara , Taheri Shahrad 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe prevalence and incidence of obesity, and associated complications, such as type 2 diabetes, in the Middle East and north Africa (MENA) region rank among the highest in the world. Little is known about the effectiveness of dietary weight loss interventions conducted in the MENA region. We conducted a systematic review of randomized clinical trials aiming to assess the effectiveness of dietary interventions for weight loss in the adult population originating from and residing in the MENA region. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, and EMBASE were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) using dietary interventions for weight loss conducted in the MENA region. RCTs examining weight loss as an outcome in adults (≥ 18 years old) were included. The Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias was used to ascertain the quality of the eligible RCTs and the Template for Intervention Description and Replication for population health and policy interventions (TIDieR‐PHP) checklist was used to evaluate the reporting of the interventions. Twenty‐nine RCTs including 2792 adults from five countries in the MENA region met the search criteria. Study participants were predominantly middle‐aged females. Duration of follow up was mostly 3 months or less. Weight loss ranged from −0.7 to 16 kg across all intervention groups and the average weight loss was 4.8 kg. There was paucity of description of the weight loss interventions and variations amongst studies did not allow a meta‐analysis of findings. It was not possible to draw firm conclusions on the effectiveness of dietary weight loss interventions in the region. High quality studies using more structured interventions of longer duration with standardized outcome measures are needed in the MENA region to support clinical practice with evidence‐based interventions for obesity.
National variation in pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal cancer
Authors: Fenton Hayley M. , Finan Paul J. , Milton Richard , Shackcloth Michael , Taylor John C. , Treasure Tom , Morris Eva J. A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimEvidence on patterns of use of pulmonary metastasectomy in colorectal cancer patients is limited. This population‐based study aims to investigate the use of pulmonary metastasectomy in the colorectal cancer population across the English National Health Service (NHS) and quantify the extent of any variations in practice and outcome.MethodsAll adults who underwent a major resection for colorectal cancer in an NHS hospital between 2005 and 2013 were identified in the COloRECTal cancer data Repository (CORECT‐R). All inpatient episodes corresponding to pulmonary metastasectomy, occurring within 3 years of the initial colorectal resection, were identified. Multi‐level logistic regression was used to determine patient and organizational factors associated with the use of pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal cancer, and Kaplan–Meier and Cox models were used to assess survival following pulmonary metastasectomy.ResultsIn all, 173 354 individuals had a major colorectal resection over the study period, with 3434 (2.0%) undergoing pulmonary resection within 3 years. The frequency of pulmonary metastasectomy increased from 1.2% of patients undergoing major colorectal resection in 2005 to 2.3% in 2013. Significant variation was observed across hospital providers in the risk‐adjusted rates of pulmonary metastasectomy (0.0%–6.8% of patients). Overall 5‐year survival following pulmonary resection was 50.8%, with 30‐day and 90‐day mortality of 0.6% and 1.2% respectively.ConclusionsThis study shows significant variation in the rates of pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal cancer across the English NHS.
Deep learning for vision‐based fall detection system: Enhanced optical dynamic flow
Authors: Chhetri Sagar , Alsadoon Abeer , Al‐Dala'in Thair , Prasad P. W. C. , Rashid Tarik A. , Maag Angelika 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAccurate fall detection for the assistance of older people is crucial to reduce incidents of deaths or injuries due to falls. Meanwhile, vision‐based fall detection system has shown some significant results to detect falls. Still, numerous challenges need to be resolved. The impact of deep learning has changed the landscape of the vision‐based system, such as action recognition. The deep learning technique has not been successfully implemented in vision‐based fall detection system due to the requirement of a large amount of computation power and requirement of a large amount of sample training data. This research aims to propose a vision‐based fall detection system that improves the accuracy of fall detection in some complex environments such as the change of light condition in the room. Also, this research aims to increase the performance of the pre‐processing of video images. The proposed system consists of Enhanced Dynamic Optical Flow technique that encodes the temporal data of optical flow videos by the method of rank pooling, which thereby improves the processing time of fall detection and improves the classification accuracy in dynamic lighting condition. The experimental results showed that the classification accuracy of the fall detection improved by around 3% and the processing time by 40–50 ms. The proposed system concentrates on decreasing the processing time of fall detection and improving the classification accuracy. Meanwhile, it provides a mechanism for summarizing a video into a single image by using dynamic optical flow technique, which helps to increase the performance of image preprocessing steps.
The impact of depression on heart transplant outcomes: A retrospective single‐center cohort study
Authors: de la Rosa Angelo , Singer‐Englar Tahli , Hamilton Michele A. , IsHak Waguih William , Kobashigawa Jon A. , Kittleson Michelle M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDepression is prevalent in patients with heart failure and after heart transplant. We identified the prevalence of pre‐ and post‐transplant depression and its association with clinical characteristics and post‐transplant outcomes.MethodsWe reviewed 114 adults transplanted 1/1/2015 to 12/31/2015 and identified patients with pre‐ and post‐transplant depression. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared.ResultsOf 114 patients, 35.1% had pre‐transplant depression and 26.3% had post‐transplant depression. Patients with post‐transplant depression within the first year were significantly more likely to have acute rejection (10% vs 0%), longer intensive care unit (11.7 days vs 7.8 days) and hospital stay (31.7 days vs 16.3 days), and discharge to inpatient rehabilitation (26.7% vs 8.3%). Patients with post‐transplant depression within the first year had significantly higher 5‐year mortality (30% vs 9.5%, p = .009). However, after adjustment for total artificial heart/biventricular assist device, acute rejection, intensive care unit, and hospital length of stay, this relationship was no longer significant (HR 2.11; 95% CI 0.18‐25.27; p = .556).ConclusionsDepression is common among heart transplant candidates and recipients. While pre‐transplant depression did not impact outcomes, patients with post‐transplant depression were more likely to have had a complicated course, suggesting the need for increased vigilance regarding depression in such patients.
Echocardiographic evaluation of ventricular septal defects
Authors: Nayak Srishti , Patel Akash , Haddad Lana , Kanakriyeh Mohammad , Varadarajan Padmini 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVentricular septal defects (VSDs) are the most common forms of acyanotic congenital heart disease accounting for 37% of congenital heart disease in children. A VSD is defined by parts of the ventricular septum involved. There are four major types of VSDs: perimembranous, muscular, outlet, and inlet VSDs. Echocardiography is the most important clinical tool to help diagnose and characterize a VSD. Although most VSDs are clinically nonsignificant or close on their own, echocardiography with Doppler and color flow mapping can be used to provide accurate anatomic and hemodynamic evaluation of VSDs in order to determine if surgical or transcatheter‐based intervention is needed. Hence, understanding how to use echocardiography to characterize VSDs is of crucial importance when caring for patients with adult congenital heart disease.
Patent foramen ovale and atrial septal defect
Authors: Kheiwa Ahmed , Hari Pawan , Madabhushi Pranav , Varadarajan Padmini 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAtrial septal defects (ASD) are among the most common congenital heart diseases encountered in adulthood. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is present in up to 25% of the population. ASD could present as isolated lesion or in association with more complex congenital heart disease form as tetralogy of Fallot, or Ebstein's anomaly of tricuspid valve. There is a wide range of clinical presentation ranging from asymptomatic subjects surviving to adulthood undiagnosed to subjects presenting with right heart failure and severe pulmonary vascular disease (Eisenmenger syndrome). This manuscript is an in depth review of the complex atrial septation, the variable clinical presentation of ASD and PFO, and its clinical and therapeutic implications.
A practical guide to echocardiographic evaluation of adult Fontan patients
Authors: Kheiwa Ahmed , Harris Ian S. , Varadarajan Padmini 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent advances in surgical techniques and perioperative care for patients with single ventricle physiology have led to a remarkable improvement in long‐term survival, such that now the majority of patients with single ventricle physiology are living to adulthood after Fontan palliation. The management of adult patients with Fontan physiology is one of the most challenging clinical dilemmas encountered in contemporary cardiology. The complex and heterogeneous anatomical and physiological abnormalities seen in Fontan patients mandate that any clinical evaluation, either for routine follow‐up or preoperative evaluation prior to any transcatheter or surgical intervention, incorporates detailed information from a careful and thorough echocardiographic examination, These examinations, however, can be complex and confusing, even for experienced echocardiographers. Ideally, the interpretation of these studies is informed by an understanding of the basic anatomical lesions and of the potential long‐term complications encountered in adult single ventricle patients. In this review, we present a practical and clinically oriented approach to the echocardiographic evaluation of adult patients with single ventricle physiology post‐Fontan.
Echocardiographic assessment of atrioventricular canal defects
Authors: Nayak Srishti , Kanakriyeh Mohammed , Varadarajan Padmini 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAV canal defects (AVCD) are caused by maldevelopment of the endocardial cushions and typically include a primum atrial septal defect (ASD), an inlet ventricular septal defect (VSD), and a common atrioventricular valve. The variations in deformities provide the basis for the many terms used in the anatomical classifications: partial, transitional, intermediate, and complete common AVCD (balanced or unbalanced). The balanced complete common AVCDs are classified as Rastelli A, B, C depending on the anomaly of the anterior bridging leaflet division and attachments. Unbalanced complete AVCDs occur when the common AV valve leads primarily into the RV or LV. Echocardiographic apical, subcostal, and parasternal views are the best views to image AV canal defects. These views can help determine the type of repair required for the various AV canal defects.
Geomorphologic study of human tooth root surfaces following simulated avulsion by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Ding Qian‐Wen , Lin Mei , Zhang Xin , Gong Yi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground/AimsTooth avulsion is the most severe traumatic tooth injury. Immediate replantation after avulsion provides the highest success rate, whereas delayed replantation with dehydration for >1 h always results in ankylosis, replacement resorption, and eventual tooth loss. The aim of this study was to investigate the geomorphologic change of ultrastructure on tooth root surfaces due to dehydration.Material and MethodsTwenty‐four sound human premolars and fully developed third molars without periodontitis were selected for the experiment. Roots were separated into 6–7 pieces with an intact root surface area (3 × 3 mm2) and then divided into the following groups: fresh group, prolonged dehydration groups (air drying for 1, 2, 4, 12, or 24 h), and dehydrated teeth (air drying for 2 h) treated with acid (Tris‐HCl buffer or citric acid buffer). More than six pieces of root from each group were subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. Captured images were exported to ImageJ software to quantitatively analyze the areas covered with fibers. Statistical significance was determined by comparing the means of the different groups using t‐testing or one‐way analysis of variance followed by post hoc testing.ResultsFibrous “vegetation” covering the cementum was observed on the fresh root surface by SEM. This was destroyed by dehydration (>1 h), resulting in a root surface resembling the “Gobi Desert.” The difference was statistically significant (p < .001). Root surface deteriorated by dehydration could be recovered by the re‐use of the fibers embedded in the cementum as acid demineralization of the outer layer of cementum exposed the embedded fibers to simulate the geomorphology of fresh root surface.ConclusionsDehydrated teeth had deteriorated geomorphology of the root surface, which could be reversed by the re‐use of the fibers embedded in the cementum using citric acid. Direct evidence from SEM gives new insights into the replantation of dehydrated avulsed teeth.
Academics' and students' experiences in a chilean dental school during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Prieto Diego , Tricio Jorge , Cáceres Felipe , Param Fernanda , Meléndez Catalina , Vásquez Pamela , Prada Pamela 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe quick spread of COVID‐19 has caused part of the world's population to adopt quarantine protocols that have limited professional activities, including dental training programmes. This study aimed to explore the experiences of students and personnel at a Chilean dental school during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Materials and MethodsThis phenomenological descriptive qualitative study reported staff and students’ experiences during the pandemic through in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews. These were recorded on audio and video with a digital platform. Three researchers then transcribed and analyzed the recordings and codified the answers into categories to determine the emerging topics until a saturation point was reached.ResultsThe core emerging themes among the staff group were (1) change in the personal/professional life balance, (2) online learning through digital platforms, (3) staff perceptions of students’ learning experiences, and (4) concerns about the future. For students, the themes were (1) changes in the learning process, (2) online learning through digital platforms, (3) interpersonal relationships, and (4) concerns about the future.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic has been a period of learning for our dental school staff and students. Even though online learning has been a useful tool for delivering didactic (theoretical) concepts, it has been unable to replace conventional education, including skills training. Students and teachers reported being overwhelmed at the beginning of the pandemic, but they have shown remarkable adaptability and resilience during this period.
Effectiveness of enhanced video‐based learning on removable partial denture module
Authors: Abd‐Shukor Siti N. , Yahaya Norziha , Tamil Azmi M. , Botelho Micheal G. , Ho Ting K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe application of video‐based learning in dentistry has been widely investigated; however, the nature of on‐screen video enhancements of the video has been minimally explored in the literature. This study investigated the effectiveness of an in‐class and on‐demand enhanced video to support learning on removable partial dentures in terms of knowledge acquisition, perception and clinical skill performance.MethodsFifty‐four dental students enrolled in 2018 were recruited as participants and assigned to two groups. Both groups were given the same lecture and asked to watch the same video in either the enhanced or non‐enhanced version. The enhanced video was modified with the contemporaneous subtitle of the presenters’ dialogue, text bullet points and summary text pages. The knowledge acquisition from the two types of video was subjected to pre‐ and post‐tests one month after the students watched the video. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the students’ perceptions of the learning experience and a performance test on practical skills was performed after six weeks. All the students responded to the test (100%).ResultsThe enhanced video demonstration improved the students’ short‐term knowledge acquisition after they watched the video, with an average score of 1.59 points higher in the enhanced group than in the non‐enhanced group (p < .05). The practical performance did not differ between the two groups. The students were more likely accepted the enhanced video as a replacement of the existing teaching method rather than a teaching supplement (70.3%).ConclusionThe application of the enhanced video demonstration resulted in a better theoretical knowledge retention but not practical performance. Students also preferred watching video to using conventional learning methods.
Immaterial Alliances: Constructions of Self‐Other Relations and Conceptions of Belonging in the Therapeutic Narratives of Muslim and Buddhist Cambodians
Authors: Lesley Elena 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough religious worship was banned during the Khmer Rouge regime (1975–79), spiritual practices are once again flourishing in Cambodia. These include both the practices of the majority Buddhist population and a small but visible Cham Muslim minority. While popular Buddhism in Cambodia today incorporates the legacies of Hinduism and animism in the country, the majority of Cham Muslims have adopted a more orthodox version of Islam due to the influence of global proselytization. This article argues that these dominant strains of religious practice divergently train conscious attention in habitual patterns, cultivating different orientations of intentionality among Khmer Buddhist and Cham Muslim Khmer Rouge survivors. The patterns of attention encouraged by current religious practices shape the narrative organization of memory as survivors engage in an NGO‐sponsored form of psychotherapeutic “testimonial therapy.” As my ethnographic findings demonstrate, these divergent narrative constructions and their public performance reinforce different relational experiences of selfhood and engagement with supernatural others among Cambodian Buddhists and Muslims, with significant implications for perceived social belonging in contemporary society.
Practical protocols for timed artificial insemination of jennies using cooled or frozen donkey semen
Authors: Yang Feng , Li Nan , Liu Bing , Yu Jie , Wu Shuaishuai , Zhang Ruitao , Yang Weigang , Ji Chuanliang , Sun Qianqian , Ma Jinliang , Li Min , Zhou Jingqian , Zhou Xiangshan , Pietrani Melina , Losinno Luis , Zeng Shenming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith the expansion of the donkey industry, timed artificial insemination (TAI) is becoming increasingly important in the reproductive management of jennies, however, TAI has not been widely investigated in donkeys.ObjectivesTo develop efficient TAI protocols for cooled or frozen semen in jennies, based around ovulation induction with a GnRH analogue.Study designExperimental exploratory study.Methods and ResultsIn experiment 1, the effects of different GnRH analogue (deslorelin) doses, follicle diameter (FD) at induction, repeated use of a GnRH analogue, and the influence of season on induction efficiency, as well as distribution of ovulations over time after induction were investigated. Induction efficiency was sufficient with 2.2 mg deslorelin (≥90% ovulation within 48 hours of treatment). Ovulation rate between 24 and 48 hours was highest when the FD at treatment was 31‐35 mm, as compared to 25‐30 mm or 36‐40 mm. Repeated use of deslorelin or treatment during different seasons had no effect on induction efficiency. About 70% of ovulations occurred between 32 and 48 hours, and highest incidence of ovulation was at 36‐38 hours after induction. In experiment 2, TAI using cooled semen (1 × 109 motile sperm in a 10 mL volume) was performed once at 8 hours after induction (n = 59). Pregnancy rate after TAI with cooled semen was 49.2% (29/59). In experiment 3, jennies were inseminated twice with 10 (n = 23), 5 (n = 31), 3 (n = 32), 2 (n = 82) and 1 (n = 66) straws (more than 50 × 106 motile spermatozoa in each 0.5 mL straw) of frozen semen at 34 and 42 hours after induction. The pregnancy rates were 30.4%, 35.5%, 34.4%, 29.3% and 28.8%, respectively (P > 0.05).Main limitationsIn the frozen semen trial, 22.5% (68/302) jennies were excluded after failure to ovulate during the appropriate time interval. In addition, there were no control groups for the AI trials.ConclusionWhen FD reaches 31‐35 mm, a donkey jenny can be inseminated once using cooled semen at 8 hours or twice using frozen semen at 34 and 42 hours after deslorelin treatment. The frozen semen TAI protocol resulted in acceptable pregnancy rates using 1 × 108 motile spermatozoa per cycle.
Disentangling effects of predators and landscape factors as drivers of stream fish community structure
Authors: Bruckerhoff Lindsey A. , Gido Keith B. , Estey Michael , Moore Pamela J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Experimental and fine‐scale studies indicate predators can have strong effects on stream fishes. It is unclear, however, how predators interact with landscape factors to influence stream fish communities at scales relevant to management and conservation. Because predators and prey respond to environmental variability, measuring community responses to predators requires resolving the effects of abiotic factors on both predators and prey.

We collected stream fish community data in the summers of 2017 and 2018 and paired structural equation modelling with multivariate methods to identify abiotic factors that influenced the distribution of a predatory fish, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and community structure of stream fish. We then compared how fish species richness and community composition responded to the presence of bass mediated by environmental factors.

Probability of occurrence of bass increased with catchment area, while richness responded to both natural and anthropogenic characteristics of streams and their catchments. Contrary to our prediction, richness was higher at sites with bass and several species exhibited positive co‐occurrence and abundance patterns with bass, while only one species had a negative relationship.

Higher diversity of stream fishes in the presence of bass highlights the difficulties in understanding the combined effects of predators and environmental variation, both natural and human induced, as drivers of community structure. We discuss several challenges to understanding the effects of predators in natural systems, including unmeasured environmental variability, mismatch of spatial and temporal scales, and context dependency of ecological responses.