bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoxic storage of red blood cells improves metabolism and post‐transfusion recovery
Authors: DʼAlessandro Angelo , Yoshida Tatsuro , Nestheide Shawnagay , Nemkov Travis , Stocker Sarah , Stefanoni Davide , Mohmoud Fatima , Rugg Neeta , Dunham Andrew , Cancelas Jose A. 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUNDBlood transfusion is a lifesaving intervention for millions of recipients worldwide every year. Storing blood makes this possible but also promotes a series of alterations to the metabolism of the stored erythrocyte. It is unclear whether the metabolic storage lesion is correlated with clinically relevant outcomes and whether strategies aimed at improving the metabolic quality of stored units, such as hypoxic storage, ultimately improve performance in the transfused recipient.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSTwelve healthy donor volunteers were recruited in a two‐arm cross‐sectional study, in which each subject donated 2 units to be stored under standard (normoxic) or hypoxic conditions (Hemanext technology). End‐of‐storage measurements of hemolysis and autologous posttransfusion recovery (PTR) were correlated to metabolomics measurements at Days 0, 21, and 42.RESULTSHypoxic red blood cells (RBCs) showed superior PTR and comparable hemolysis to donor‐paired standard units. Hypoxic storage improved energy and redox metabolism (glycolysis and 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate), improved glutathione and methionine homeostasis, decreased purine oxidation and membrane lipid remodeling (free fatty acid levels, unsaturation and hydroxylation, acyl‐carnitines). Intra‐ and extracellular metabolites in these pathways (including some dietary purines) showed significant correlations with PTR and hemolysis, though the degree of correlation was influenced by sulfur dioxide (SO2) levels.CONCLUSIONHypoxic storage improves energy and redox metabolism of stored RBCs, which results in improved posttransfusion recoveries in healthy autologous recipients—a Food and Drug Administration gold standard of stored blood quality. In addition, we identified candidate metabolic predictors of PTR for RBCs stored under standard and hypoxic conditions.
Multilingual English users’ linguistic innovation
Authors: Wei Li 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCan ‘non‐native’ speakers of English innovate in English? This seemly simple question bothers sociolinguists and sociolinguistic research because we feel uncertain whether the ‘inventive’ productions by ‘non‐native’ speakers should be treated as evidence of creativity or mistakes. This article aims to tackle this question from a translanguaging perspective, using data from social media communication amongst multilingual English users in the Sinophone world. Examples include a range of creative expressions that mix elements of English with those from other languages and semiotic means. A translanguaging perspective raises questions about the very notion of named languages and offers a radically different way of analysing these expressions as socio‐politically meaningful linguistic innovations. The theoretical and methodological implications of the translanguaging approach for the study of linguistic innovation by multilingual language users and for the study of world Englishes are discussed.
Long non‐coding RNA PRRT3‐AS1 silencing inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis and autophagy
Authors: Fan Li , Li Hai , Wang Weihua 
Published: February 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What is the role of lncRNA PRRT3‐AS1 in the regulation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) gene‐mediated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway in proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy of prostate cancer cells?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The targeting relation between lncRNA PRRT3‐AS1 and PPARγ was verified, and it was demonstrated that silencing of lncRNA PRRT3‐AS1 can upregulate apoptosis and autophagy yet downregulate proliferation, migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells through the mTOR signalling pathway. Further work is needed to consolidate the therapeutic value of lncRNA PRRT3‐AS1 in clinical trials and treatment of prostate cancer.

AbstractAlthough long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are correlated with multiple cancers, their molecular mechanisms in prostate cancer (PC) remain inadequately understood. This study investigated the effects of lncRNA PRRT3‐AS1 on the progression of prostate cancer (PC) with involvement of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Microarray analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed genes and lncRNAs associated with PC. RT‐qPCR and western blot analysis were employed to test the expression of lncRNA PRRT3‐AS1, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway‐, apoptosis‐ and autophagy‐related genes. A scratch test, Transwell assay, CCK‐8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry and monodansylcadaverine staining were employed to identify the migration, invasion, proliferation activity, cell cycle and apoptosis and autophagy of PC3 cells, respectively. Tumorigenicity assays in nude mice were used to detect the tumorigenic ability. GSE55945 and GSE46602 datasets indicated that lncRNA PRRT3‐AS1 was highly expressed in PC. PPARγ was predicted as a target gene of lncRNA PRRT3‐AS1. Ectopic overexpression of PPARγ or lncRNA PRRT3‐AS1 silencing led to inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion, and accelerated apoptosis. Furthermore, the delivery of si‐PRRT3‐AS1 or PPARγ vector to PC3 cells resulted in the regression of xenografts in nude mice. Based on the in vitro and in vivo experiments, silencing of lncRNA PRRT3‐AS1 was observed to activate the PPARγ gene, which in turn could inhibit PC cell proliferation and promote apoptosis and autophagy by blocking the mTOR signalling pathway.
Bionic women and men ‐ Part 1: Cardiovascular lessons from heart failure patients implanted with left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Stöhr Eric J. , Cornwell William K. , Kanwar Manreet , Cockcroft John R. , McDonnell Barry J. 
Published: February 2020

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
Patients with advanced heart failure who are implanted with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) present an opportunity to understand the human circulation under extreme conditions.
What advances does it highlight?
LVAD patients have a unique circulation that is characterized by a reduced or even absent arterial pulse. The remarkable survival of these patients is accompanied by circulatory complications, including stroke, gastrointestinal bleeding and right‐heart failure. Understanding the mechanisms related to the complications in LVAD patients will help the patients and also advance our fundamental understanding of the human circulation in general.AbstractSome humans with chronic, advanced heart failure are surgically implanted with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Because the LVAD produces a continuous flow, a palpable pulse is often absent in these patients. This allows for a unique investigation of the human circulation and has created a controversy around the ‘need’ for a pulse. The medical debate has also generated a more generic, fundamental discussion into what is ‘normal’ arterial physiology and health. The comprehensive study and understanding of the arterial responses to drastically altered haemodynamics due to continuous‐flow LVADs, at rest and during activity, presents an opportunity to significantly increase our current understanding of the fundamental components of arterial regulation (flow, blood pressure, sympathetic activity, endothelial function, pulsatility) in a way that could never have been studied previously. In a series of four articles, we summarize the talks presented at the symposium entitled ‘Bionic women and men – Physiology lessons from implantable cardiac devices’ presented at the 2019 Annual Meeting of The Physiological Society in Aberdeen, UK. The articles highlight the novel questions generated by physiological phenomena observed in LVAD patients and propose future areas of interest within the field of cardiovascular physiology.
Bionic women and men ‐ Part 3: Right ventricular dysfunction in patients implanted with left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Kanwar Manreet , McDonnell Barry J. , Rosenblum Hannah , Cockcroft John R. , Stöhr Eric J. , Cornwell William K. 
Published: February 2020

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
Right heart dysfunction remains a major adverse event in patients with end stage heart failure undergoing left ventricular assist device placement. This article reviews the pathophysiology and clinical considerations of right heart failure in this patient population.

What advances does it highlight?
This review highlights the anatomic and physiological peculiarities of the interplay between left and right heart function in patients undergoing LVAD therapy. These would allow us to further advance our understanding of right ventricular function.

AbstractThe adaptation of the right ventricular (RV) output to a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) often determines the fate of patients with pulmonary hypertension secondary to left heart failure. Pre‐existing right heart dysfunction in patients with advanced left heart failure is the consequence of increased (arterial) afterload and not simply the consequence of myocardial disease. If unaccounted for, it has the potential of accelerating into clinical right heart failure after LVAD, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. After LVAD implantation, the RV has to face increased flow generated by the LVAD, cardiac arrhythmias and exaggerated functional interactions between both ventricles. Understanding the key physiological mechanisms of RV dysfunction in patients with end‐stage heart failure will allow us to predict and therefore prevent RV failure after LVAD implantation.
Separate and Combined Effects of Surface Roughness and Thermal Barrier Coating on Vane Cooling Performance
Authors: Prapamonthon Prasert , Yin Bo , Yang Guowei , Zhang Mohan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This work investigates separate and combined effects of the vane surface roughness and thermal barrier coating (TBC) on the cooling performance of a film-cooled high-pressure turbine vane using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with conjugate heat transfer (CHT) analysis. The cooling effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient, where are predicted within an investigated range of the roughness height from 5 to 20 µm, are compared with those of the smooth vane. Results show that the roughness height increases local heat transfer coefficients in general in the suction side (SS) and the rear-half portion of the pressure side (PS), thereby reducing the cooling effectiveness. The results are different from those in the suction-side vicinity of the leading edge (LE) to further downstream of the pressure side due to uncertain local heat transfer coefficients. In addition, thermal sensitivity to the roughness height and TBC is investigated based on the volume basis in the roughness height range which is extended to 120 µm. Results show that without TBC, a 120 µm increase in the roughness height causes 24 K and 20 K rises of the average and maximum vane temperatures, respectively. With TBC, the average and maximum vane temperatures are reduced as much as 18 K and 27.8 K, respectively.
Decentralized Multisubsystem Co-Design Optimization Using Direct Collocation and Decomposition-Based Methods
Authors: Liu Tianchen , Azarm Shapour , Chopra Nikhil 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Multisubsystem co-design refers to the simultaneous optimization of physical plant and controller of a system decomposed into multiple interconnected subsystems. In this paper, two decentralized (multilevel and bilevel) approaches are formulated to solve multisubsystem co-design problems, which are based on the direct collocation and decomposition-based optimization methods. In the multilevel approach, the problem is decomposed into two bilevel optimization problems, one for the physical plant and the other for the control part. In the bilevel approach, the problem is decomposed into subsystem optimization subproblems, with each subproblem having the optimization model for physical plant and control parts together. In both cases, the entire time horizon is discretized to convert the continuous optimal control problem into a finite-dimensional nonlinear program. The optimality condition decomposition method is employed to solve the converted problem in a decentralized manner. Using the proposed approaches, it is possible to obtain an optimal solution for more generalized multisubsystem co-design problems than was previously possible, including those with nonlinear dynamic constraints. The proposed approaches are applied to a numerical and engineering example. For both examples, the solutions obtained by the decentralized approaches are compared with a centralized (all-at-once) approach. Finally, a scalable version of the engineering example is solved to demonstrate that using a simulated parallelization with and without communication delays, the computational time of the proposed decentralized approaches can outperform a centralized approach as the size of the problem increases.
Motion–Force Interaction Performance Analyses of Redundantly Actuated and Overconstrained Parallel Robots With Closed-Loop Subchains
Authors: Meng Qizhi , Xie Fugui , Liu Xin-Jun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Motion–force interaction performance analyses of redundantly actuated and overconstrained parallel robots with closed-loop subchains are an open problem considering two challenges: (a) how to take all the internal wrenches into account at the same level when the mobile platform suffers uncertain loads and (b) how to disclose the influence of the structural parameters inside the closed-loop subchains on the robot’s performance. To tackle this problem, based on the blocking-and-acting strategy, this paper proposes a new screw-based method to analyze the motion–force interaction performance of such parallel robots. Two aspects of performance are focused, i.e., the distal and proximal motion–force interactability. The two proposed indices focus on reflecting the load-carrying capacity and the motion-transmission capacity, respectively. To evaluate the comprehensive performance of the parallel robot at a certain pose, a local interaction index (LII) is defined as the minimum value of indices of the minimized distal and proximal interaction performance. The feasibility and validity of the proposed indices are illustrated by the motion–force interaction analysis of some redundantly actuated and overconstrained parallel robots with closed-loop subchains.
Regulative Characteristic of Methanol–Copper Heat Pipes for Asteroid Lander “MASCOT”
Authors: Baturkin Volodymyr , Feidelheimer Vitali , Sasaki Kaname , Mikulz Eugen , Ho Tra-Mi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVariable conductance heat pipes (VCHPs) are the main part of the MASCOT (mobile asteroid surface SCOuT) lander thermal control system (TCS). They provide variable conductivity by utilizing the heat transfer limitations. This allows the heat pipes to act as thermal switches without additional constructive elements, thus leveraging the simple and compact design of conventional heat pipes. Two cylindrical methanol–copper heat pipes with shell length of 0.482 m and 0.438 m and external diameter of 0.006 m, having copper discrete metal fiber wick and copper shell were constructed and verified in the temperature range between −75 and +60 °C. The purpose is to apply this design into the MASCOT TCS and to investigate the heat pipes' regulative characteristics and heat transfer limitations. VCHPs show a change of thermal resistivity from 70 K/W at a heat sink temperature of −60 °C, to 0.8 K/W at a heat sink temperature of +60 °C; with an obtained maximal heat transfer rate of 5 W and 16 W, respectively. It is found that the switching effect of the heat pipes is governed by the sonic velocity limitation, the saturation vapor pressure of the working fluid, and the maximal capillary pressure of the wick. The operation of the heat pipes as the part of the TCS has confirmed their variable thermal properties.
Combining Freehand Ultrasound-Based Indentation and Inverse Finite Element Modeling for the Identification of Hyperelastic Material Properties of Thigh Soft Tissues
Authors: Fougeron Nolwenn , Rohan Pierre-Yves , Haering Diane , Rose Jean-Loïc , Bonnet Xavier , Pillet Hélène 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Finite element analysis (FEA) is a numerical modeling tool vastly employed in research facilities to analyze and predict load transmission between the human body and a medical device, such as a prosthesis or an exoskeleton. Yet, the use of finite element modeling (FEM) in a framework compatible with clinical constraints is hindered by, among others, heavy and time-consuming assessments of material properties. Ultrasound (U.S.) imaging opens new and unique opportunities for the assessment of in vivo material properties of soft tissues. Confident of these advances, a method combining a freehand U.S. probe and a force sensor was developed in order to compute the hyperelastic constitutive parameters of the soft tissues of the thigh in both relaxed (R) and contracted (C) muscles' configurations. Seven asymptomatic subjects were included for the experiment. Two operators in each configuration performed the acquisitions. Inverse FEM allowed for the optimization of an Ogden's hyperelastic constitutive model of soft tissues of the thigh in large displacement. The mean shear modulus identified for configurations R and C was, respectively, 3.2 ± 1.3 kPa and 13.7 ± 6.5 kPa. The mean alpha parameter identified for configurations R and C was, respectively, 10 ± 1 and 9 ± 4. An analysis of variance showed that the configuration had an effect on constitutive parameters but not on the operator.
Design Fixation From Initial Examples: Provided Versus Self-Generated Ideas
Authors: Leahy Keelin , Daly Shanna R. , McKilligan Seda , Seifert Colleen M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractJansson and Smith (1991, “Design Fixation,” Des. Stud., 12(1), pp. 3–11) demonstrated that design fixation occurs when an example solution is provided along with a design problem. After seeing an example concept—even with its flaws pointed out—new designs often share its features. In Jansson and Smith’s studies, a control group saw no example and showed less fixation to the example provided only in the other group. However, another source of fixation from an initial example may arise in the control group from the designer’s own first-generated concept. We conducted a large-scale experiment with beginning engineers to investigate whether design fixation occurs even without seeing a provided example. Half of the participants saw an example solution and half were given no example; instead, they generated their own initial design. Next, all students were individually brainstormed ideas for 30 min. We analyzed both groups’ concepts for fixation on the first solution they saw—either the example provided or their own initial concept. The results showed that the students provided with an example concept experienced less fixation on the initial example than those in the control group, whose concepts were evaluated for similarity to their own initial concept. To consider whether fixation on initial examples (provided or self-generated) might be mitigated, we asked these students to complete a second (30 min) idea generation phase using Design Heuristics for idea inspiration. The results showed that both groups experienced less fixation during the second-generation phase. These findings suggest that fixation on first solutions occurs in individual idea generation arising from both provided examples and self-generated concepts. However, more divergent idea generation can be facilitated through the use of design tools, such as Design Heuristics, to mitigate the consequences of design fixation.
Case Study: Resumption of Eumenorrhea in Parallel With High Training Load After 4 Years of Menstrual Dysfunction: A 5-Year Follow-Up of an Elite Female Cyclist
Authors: Areta José L. 
Published: February 2020

The female athlete triad is a condition where low energy availability is typically observed together with menstrual dysfunction and/or low bone mineral density. How this condition affects maximal work capacity in endurance athletes is not clear, and the recovery time course of menses with increased energy availability with concomitant high training load is unknown. This case study of an amenorrheic elite road cyclist reports resumption of normal menstrual function after weight gain during a 5-year period (2014–2019), while engaged in high training load and competition. The athlete ( 3.54 L/min, 64 ml·min−1·kg−1, aerobic peak power output 300 W, 5.4 W/kg) reported amenorrhea (2013–2015) and oligomenorrhea (2015–2018). Training load increased from 2014 to 2019 (584–818 hr/year and 26,707–41,945 training stress score/year). Regular menses (every 23–35 days) resumed in June 2018, ∼5–6 months after a weight gain episode. During the period of menstrual dysfunction, body mass was 51.3 ± 2.25 kg (mean ± 95% confidence limit) and fat percentage was 19% (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, 2016), and after weight gain, body mass was 56.8 ± 2.63 kg and fat percentage was 25% (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, 2019). Crank-based power meter data showed absolute mean maximal power (in watts) improvement over the 5 s to 4 hr range through the 2014–2019 period, while relative mean maximal power (in watts per kilogram) likely peaked in the 2015–2016 season for 5 min, 20 min, and 30 min, but remained mostly unchanged across seasons. Results suggest that (a) the best relative power output associated with aerobic capacity (5 min to 1 hr) can be achieved during menstrual dysfunction, (b) high performance achieved despite an increase in body mass, and (c) resumption of menses is achievable while maintaining high training loads when coupled with high energy availability.
Child Care Setting and Its Association With Policies and Practices That Promote Physical Activity and Physical Literacy in the Early Years in British Columbia
Authors: McConnell-Nzunga Jennifer , Weatherson Katie A. , Masse Louise , Carson Valerie , Faulkner Guy , Lau Erica , McKay Heather , Temple Viviene , Wolfenden Luke , Naylor Patti J. 
Published: February 2020

Background: Physical activity (PA) is critical to early child development, and child care is a key setting for promotion. The authors investigated differences in daily PA and sedentary behavior practices as well as physical environments between family child care (FCC) and group child care (GCC) settings for children aged 3–5 years in Canada. Methods: Group child care (n = 581) and FCC (n = 357) managers completed surveys assessing the implementation of PA promoting practices and description of their environments. Crosstabulation and chi-square tests of association were used to examine differences between GCC and FCC. Results: The prevalence of facilities implementing 120 minutes of active play (odds ratio [OR] 2.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58–3.15), <30 minutes on screens (OR 1.35; 95% CI, 1.02–1.80), and 60-minute outdoors daily (OR 1.99; 95% CI, 1.4–2.9) was more likely in FCC compared with GCC. However, implementation of fundamental movement skill activities (OR 1.40; 95% CI, 1.01–1.92), breaking up prolonged sitting (OR 1.86; 95% CI, 1.36–2.5), and outdoor space for large group running games (OR 1.74; 95% CI, 1.07–2.83) were more likely in GCC. Conclusions: Child care setting was associated with daily PA and sedentary practices and outdoor space for PA. Interventions to support PA in child care should be tailored to different settings and the facilitators explored.