bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macroeconomic variables and stock indices: an asymmetric evidence from quantile ARDL model
Authors: Chang Bisharat Hussain , Bhutto Niaz Ahmed , Turi Jamshid Ali , Hashmi Shabir Mohsin , Gohar Raheel 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis study examines the short-run and long-run impact of macroeconomic variables such as industrial production index, inflation, exchange rate, interest rate, foreign direct investment and trade balance, on KSE 100 index and sectorial stock indices under bearish, bullish and normal states of the stock market prices. Moreover, we take into account the effect of three crises observed from 2005 to 2009.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses quantile autoregressive distributed lag (QARDL) model for examining the short-run and long-run effect across various quantiles of the dependent variables and compare its' results standard autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model.FindingsARDL estimates indicate that, in the long-run, industrial production index, trade balance and foreign direct investment significantly affect stock prices. These findings remain same when three crises have been taken into consideration. In addition, estimates from QARDL model indicate that, in the short-run, the effect of exchange rate, interest rate, consumer price index and foreign direct investment, varies across bearish, bullish and normal states of the overall stock prices. Moreover, the short-run findings for Auto Assembler, Cement, Commercial Banks sector are consistent with overall stock indices, whereas other sectors, such as, Oil and Gas and Power Generation and distribution are asymmetrically affected by all macroeconomic variables. In the long-run, the effect of all macro-variables varies across different states of the stock markets except industrial production index for Auto Assembler sector, Oil and Gas sector and composite index of KSE 100 index.Originality/valueWe take into account the effect of three crises observed from 2005 to 2009 and also examine the macroeconomic effect across bullish, bearish and normal states of the sectorial stock indices and composite index of Pakistan stock exchange. Finally, we use novel approach, called QARDL model, which has several advantages over other techniques.
Assessment of irreversible losses of non-Newtonian nanofluid flow underlying Hall current, chemical reaction and thermal radiation
Authors: Das S. , Sarkar S. , Jana R.N. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
To amend the efficiency of engineering processes and electronic devices, it is very urgent to assess the irreversibility in the term entropy generation (EG). The efficiency of energy transportation in a system can be improved by minimization of the rate of EG. In this context, the aim of the present study is to estimate irreversible losses of an unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting non-Newtonian molybdenum disulfide-polyethylene glycol Casson nanofluid past a moving vertical plate with slip condition under the influence of Hall current, thermal radiation, internal heat generation/absorption and first-order chemical reaction. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoparticles are dispersed in the base fluid polyethylene glycol (PEG) to make Casson nanofluid. Casson fluid model is considered to characterize the rheology of the non-Newtonian fluid, whereas Rosseland approximation is adopted to simulate the thermal radiative heat flux in the energy equation.

Design/methodology/approach
The closed-form solutions are obtained for the model equations by using the Laplace transform method (LTM). Graphs and tables are prepared to examine the impact of pertinent flow parameters on the pertinent flow characteristics. The energy efficiency of the system via the Bejan number is studied extensively.

Findings
Analysis reveals that Hall current has diminishing behavior on entropy production of the thermal system. Strengthening of the magnetic field declines the velocity components and prop-ups the rate of EG. Adding nanoparticles into the base fluid reduces the EG, whereas there are an optimum volume fraction of nanoparticles for which the EG is minimized. Further, the rate of decay of EG is prominent in molybdenum disulfide-polyethylene glycol in comparison to PEG.

Practical implications
The results of this study would benefit the industrial sector in achieving the maximum heat transfer at the cost of minimum irreversibilities with an optimal choice of embedded thermophysical parameters. In view of this agenda, this study would be adjuvant in powder technology, polymer dynamics, metallurgical process, manufacturing dynamics of nano-polymers, petroleum industries, chemical industries, magnetic field control of material processing, synthesis of smart polymers, etc.

Originality/value
The novelty of this study is to encompass the analytical solution by using the LTM. Such an exact solution of non-Newtonian fluid flow is rare in the literature. Limited research articles are available in the field of EG analysis during the flow of non-Newtonian nanoliquid subject to a strong magnetic field.
Participation patterns and determinants of participation of young children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Abu‐Dahab Sana M. N. , Alheresh Rawan A. , Malkawi Somaya H. , Saleh Maysoun , Wong John 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionUnderstanding participation patterns of young children with cerebral palsy (CP) will enable occupational therapists to tailor family‐ and child‐centred services. This study compares participation patterns and participation barriers of young children with CP with those of typically developing (TD) children. In addition, effect of age and gender on participation were examined as well as child‐related determinants of participation for young children with CP.MethodsParticipants were a convenience sample of 110 young children with CP and 150 TD children, aged 36–72 months. Children with CP represented different levels of the Gross Motor Function Classification System‐Expanded and Revised (GMFCS‐E&R), the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), and the Communication Function Classification System (CFCS). The Arabic Preschool Activity Card Sort was used to measure participation level as well as barriers of participation. T‐tests, ANOVA, and exploratory regressions were employed. Significance was set at p < .05.ResultsYoung children with CP showed significant decreased overall and domain‐specific participation compared to TD children (p < .001). Perceived barriers of participation were mostly related to child‐factors for young children with CP compared to greater variability in barriers in TD children. Gender had no significant effect on participation regardless of diagnosis; however, pattern of the effect of age was different among the two groups. MACS was found to be the only significant predictor of participation for children with CP (p = .001).ConclusionOccupational therapists should focus on enhancing participation for young children with CP and consider participation barriers when designing their interventions. Several factors need to be considered when aiming to enhance participation of children with CP. The use of the MACS could contribute to better intervention planning.
Metagenomic insights into the metabolism and evolution of a new Thermoplasmata order (Candidatus Gimiplasmatales)
Authors: Hu Wenzhe , Pan Jie , Wang Bin , Guo Jun , Li Meng , Xu Meiying 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThermoplasmata is a widely distributed and ecologically important archaeal class in the phylum Euryarchaeota. Because few cultures and genomes are available, uncharacterized Thermoplasmata metabolisms remain unexplored. In this study, we obtained four medium‐ to high‐quality archaeal metagenome‐assembled genomes (MAGs) from the filamentous fragments of black‐odorous aquatic sediments (Foshan, Guangdong, China). Based on their 16S rRNA gene and ribosomal protein phylogenies, the four MAGs belong to the previously unnamed Thermoplasmata UBA10834 clade. We propose that this clade (five reference genomes from the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) and four MAGs from this study) be considered a new order, Candidatus Gimiplasmatales. Metabolic pathway reconstructions indicated that the Ca. Gimiplasmatales MAGs can biosynthesize isoprenoids and nucleotides de novo. Additionally, some taxa have genes for formaldehyde and acetate assimilation, and the Wood–Ljungdahl CO2‐fixation pathway, indicating a mixotrophic lifestyle. Sulfur reduction, hydrogen metabolism, and arsenic detoxification pathways were predicted, indicating sulfur‐, hydrogen‐, and arsenic‐transformation potentials. Comparative genomics indicated that the H4F Wood–Ljungdahl pathway of both Ca. Gimiplasmatales and Methanomassiliicoccales was likely obtained by the interdomain lateral gene transfer from the Firmicutes. Collectively, this study elucidates the taxonomic and potential metabolic diversity of the new order Ca. Gimiplasmatales and the evolution of this subgroup and its sister lineage Methanomassiliicoccales.
Unpaid family caregiving responsibilities, employee job tasks and work‐family conflict: A cross‐cultural study
Authors: Bainbridge Hugh T. J. , Palm Esther , Fong Man Mandy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEmployment is often undertaken simultaneous with providing unpaid care for an elderly or disabled family member. These dual responsibilities can create substantial inter‐role conflict. The current study considers how these roles affect work‐family conflict by examining: (i) the process which the gender of employees with caregiving responsibilities shapes work‐family conflict and (ii) whether this effect of employee gender is moderated by the societal level of gender egalitarianism. Data were collected from employees with caregiving responsibilities in 33 European countries. Findings suggest that the mediated relationship between gender and work‐family conflict is moderated by gender egalitarianism. As gender egalitarianism increases, women's commitment to caregiving is unchanged, while men, contrary to expectations, provide less caregiving. This gendered effect leads to an adjustment in an employee's job tasks, which in turn, reduces work‐family conflict. Overall, the findings suggest that gender, job tasks and cross‐cultural variables are important considerations at the interface of employment and caregiving.
Antibacterial activity and main action pathway of benzyl isothiocyanate extracted from papaya seeds
Authors: Li Ping , Zhao Yi‐meng , Wang Cui , Zhu Hua‐ping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe development of natural antimicrobial agents has attracted long‐term attention due to the increasing demand for food preservation. Papaya, a widely cultivated nutritious tropical fruit, has benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) as one of the most important secondary metabolites in its seeds. And the antibacterial activity of BITC toward different strains and the main antibacterial pathway remain unclear. The current study focused on characterizing the antibacterial effect and exploring the major bacteriostatic pathway of BITC. BITC was shown to have a broad‐spectrum antibacterial effect, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1 µL/mL for Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Aspergillus niger, and 0.5 µL/mL for Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Penicillium citrinum. Additionally, BITC was identified to affect the integrity of the biological oxidation system rather than the permeability or morphology of cell membranes. Furthermore, BITC was found not only to affect ATP production but also to hinder a series of important chemical reactions of the coenzymes involved in the transfer of hydrogen ions in the respiratory chain. The bacteriostatic pathway of BITC was shown to be implicated in an incomplete respiratory chain and the deregulation of the metabolism system. These results indicate the potential of BITC as a natural preservative in the food industry.Practical ApplicationBITC is present in papaya seeds and can be extracted and purified. Exploring its antibacterial activity and main action pathway may facilitate its application as a new bacteriostatic agent in food industry.
Exploring the concept of presenteeism in nursing: A hybrid concept analysis
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad Mehdi , Dehghan Nayeri Nahid , Varaei Shokoh , Rasti Arezoo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeTo explore the concept of presenteeism in nursing.MethodA three‐phase concept analysis using a hybrid model was used. In the theoretical phase (first phase), a literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Proquest, EBSCO, Scopus, OVID, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, SID, and Iranmedex. In the fieldwork phase (second phase), semistructured interviews with 17 nurses were used. In the final analytical phase (third phase), the results of the previous phases were combined.FindingsIn the final definition, presenteeism can be considered as a kind of fall from balance, in whose nature lies the non‐actualization of capacities. If the imbalance of presence is due to the body, we are faced with the non‐actualization of movement capacity, and regarding the imbalance caused by the soul, cognitive and emotional actualization is challenged.ConclusionExploration of the concept of presenteeism in the nursing is the basis for identifying this concept in a profession that deals with health as the most valuable human property.Implications for nursing practiceThe identified attributes of presenteeism provide a deep insight for nurse managers into the nature of presenteeism. Nurse managers cannot deal with a destructive phenomenon without exploring and identifying its exact meaning.
Medicine misuse: A systematic review and proposed hierarchical terminology
Authors: Singier Allison , Noize Pernelle , Berdaï Driss , Daveluy Amélie , Arnaud Mickaël , Molimard Mathieu , Bégaud Bernard , Salvo Francesco 
Published: December 2020

AimsAlthough medicine misuse is a public health issue, it has multiple meanings in the medical literature. This study aimed to characterize, classify and identify the most appropriate definitions of medicine misuse.MethodsA systematic review was performed in Medline, ISI Web of Science, SocINDEX, PsycInfo, PsycArticles and Psychological and Behavioral Sciences Collection, using keywords related to “misuse”, “appropriateness” and “medicine” between 1 November 2008 and 25 August 2020. Additional searches were conducted in websites of regulatory agencies and public health institutions. Two authors independently selected studies providing both definitions and examples of misuse, while a third resolved disagreements. Definitions were used to propose a hierarchical classification based on initiator, intent, purpose and context of medicine misuse. The study is registered on PROSPERO: CRD42018115789.ResultsOf 3404 identified records, 51 were included. A total of 71 definitions and 74 examples of misuse were retrieved. When the prescriber is initiator and according to intent, potential medicine misuse referred to “intentional or unintentional prescribing not in line with clinical evidence”. Based on context, they could prescribe medicines not clinically justified, i.e. overprescribing, or prescribe indicated medicines incorrectly, i.e. misprescribing. Among other groups of definitions, those overlapping with drug abuse or medication use errors were considered out‐of‐scope.ConclusionThis systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the terms and definitions used to characterize medicine misuse and could serve as a basis for a terminology that makes clear distinctions between misuse, abuse and errors.
Mice with a specific deficiency of Pfkfb3 in myeloid cells are protected from hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Wang Lina , Zhang Xiaoyu , Cao Yapeng , Ma Qian , Mao Xiaoxiao , Xu Jiean , Yang Qiuhua , Zhou Yaqi , Lucas Rudolf , Fulton David J. , Su Yunchao , Barman Scott A. , Hong Mei , Liu Zhiping , Huo Yuqing 
Published: December 2020

Background and PurposeMacrophage infiltration into the lungs is a characteristic of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Glycolysis is the main metabolic pathway for macrophage activation. However, the effect of macrophage glycolysis on the development of PH remains unknown. We investigated the effect of 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatase 3 (PFKBF3), a critical enzyme of macrophage glycolysis, on PH development.Experimental ApproachLung tissues from PH patients were examined by immunostaining with macrophage markers. PH was induced in Wistar rats with SU5416/hypoxia and in mice with hypoxia. Lungs and macrophages were isolated for analysis by RT‐PCR, western blot, flow cytometry, and immunostaining.Key ResultsExpression of glycolytic molecules was increased in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and lung macrophages of PH patients. These results were also found in lung macrophages of SU5416/hypoxia (Su/Hx)‐induced PH rats and hypoxia‐induced PH mice. PH was ameliorated in myeloid‐specific Pfkfb3‐deficient mice (Pfkfb3ΔMϕ) or mice treated with the PFKFB3 inhibitor 3PO, compared with their controls. Alveolar macrophages of PH Pfkfb3ΔMϕ mice produced lower levels of growth factors and pro‐inflammatory cytokines than those of control mice. Circulating myeloid cells and lung myeloid cells were much fewer in PH Pfkfb3ΔMϕ mice than controls. Mechanistically, overexpression of Hif1a or Hif2a in bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) cultured with bone marrow of Pfkfb3ΔMϕ mice restored the decreased expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and growth factors.Conclusions and ImplicationsMyeloid Pfkfb3 deficiency protects mice from PH, thereby suggesting that myeloid PFKFB3 is one of the important targets in the therapeutic effect of PFKFB3 inhibition in PH treatment.
When event knowledge overrides word order in sentence comprehension: Learning a first language after childhood
Authors: Cheng Qi , Mayberry Rachel I. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLimited language experience in childhood is common among deaf individuals, which prior research has shown to lead to low levels of language processing. Although basic structures such as word order have been found to be resilient to conditions of sparse language input in early life, whether they are robust to conditions of extreme language delay is unknown. The sentence comprehension strategies of post‐childhood, first‐language (L1) learners of American Sign Language (ASL) with at least 9 years of language experience were investigated, in comparison to two control groups of learners with full access to language from birth (deaf native signers and hearing L2 learners who were native English speakers). The results of a sentence‐to‐picture matching experiment show that event knowledge overrides word order for post‐childhood L1 learners, regardless of the animacy of the subject, while both deaf native signers and hearing L2 signers consistently rely on word order to comprehend sentences. Language inaccessibility throughout early childhood impedes the acquisition of even basic word order. Similar to the strategies used by very young children prior to the development of basic sentence structure, post‐childhood L1 learners rely more on context and event knowledge to comprehend sentences. Language experience during childhood is critical to the development of basic sentence structure.
Comparative efficacy and safety of glucose‐lowering drugs as adjunctive therapy for adults with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Avgerinos Ioannis , Manolopoulos Apostolos , Michailidis Theodoros , Kitsios Konstantinos , Liakos Aris , Karagiannis Thomas , Dimitrakopoulos Konstantinos , Matthews David R. , Tsapas Apostolos , Bekiari Eleni 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the efficacy and safety of glucose‐lowering drugs used as an adjunct to insulin therapy in adults with type 1 diabetes.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to 24 January 2020 for randomized controlled trials. Our primary outcome was change in HbA1c. We additionally assessed eight efficacy and six safety secondary endpoints. We performed random effects frequentist network meta‐analysis to estimate mean differences (MDs) and odds ratios (ORs), alongside 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We assessed risk of bias and evaluated confidence in the evidence for the primary outcome.ResultsWe included 58 trials comprising 13 216 participants. Overall, sodium‐glucose co‐transporter (SGLT) inhibitors, liraglutide, glibenclamide, acarbose and metformin reduced HbA1c compared with placebo (MDs ranging from −0.46% [95% CI −0.64% to −0.29%] for empagliflozin to −0.20% [−0.35% to −0.06%] for metformin). SGLT inhibitors, exenatide daily, liraglutide and metformin reduced body weight and total daily insulin dose, while liraglutide and SGLT inhibitors reduced blood pressure. Diabetic ketoacidosis and genital infections were more frequent with SGLT inhibitors, while exenatide, liraglutide, pramlintide and metformin increased the incidence of nausea. No drug increased the incidence of severe hypoglycaemia. Confidence in evidence was mainly moderate to very low.ConclusionsSpecific drugs may improve glycaemic control and reduce body weight, blood pressure and total daily insulin dose in patients with type 1 diabetes. However, low quality of evidence and an increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis, genital infections or gastrointestinal adverse events should be taken into consideration by healthcare providers and patients. Future long‐term trials are needed to clarify their benefit‐to‐risk profile and elucidate their role in clinical practice.
Fatigue life analysis of wind turbine gear with oxide inclusion
Authors: Liu Ran , Sun Dexin , Hou Junling , Liu Fengjun , Li Qun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConsidering a great deal of wind turbine gear failure cases, it is shown that the oxide inclusion has been one of the main reasons for the failure of the gear shaft under fatigue loading condition. In this paper, the fatigue behaviour of gears involving oxide inclusion under real operating condition is investigated. A three‐dimensional finite element model for helical gear pair applied in the middle stage of wind power increasing gearbox is established, and the fatigue life of nonmetallic inclusion zone of middle gear shaft is predicted using Miner's theory and real load spectrum of wind power growth gearbox. Then, the effects of several factors (such as the size and position of oxide inclusion and residual stress induced by manufacturing) on the fatigue life of gears with inclusion are studied. The results show that both inclusion size and position have great influence on the fatigue life of gears, and the compress residual stress will prolong the fatigue life of gears. Furthermore, the critical safety line and safety region of gears with oxide inclusion have been obtained for three representative inclusion positions. The present work is expected to provide a guidance for the engineering design and life safety evaluation of wind turbine gears.