bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective inhibition of CBP/p300 HAT by A-485 results in suppression of lipogenesis and hepatic gluconeogenesis
Authors: Zhou Feiye , Liu Qianqian , Zhang Linlin , Zhu Qin , Wang Shushu , Zhu Kecheng , Deng Ruyuan , Liu Yun , Yuan Guoyue , Wang Xiao , Zhou Libin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe histone acetyltransferases CREB-binding protein (CBP) and its paralogue p300 are transcriptional coactivators which are essential for a multitude of signaling pathways and energy homeostasis. However, the role of CBP/p300 HAT domain in regulating energy balance is still unclear. Here, C57BL/6 mice fed with either normal chow diet (NCD) or high-fat diet (HFD) were administrated with A-485, a recently reported selective inhibitor of CBP/p300 HAT activity for 1 week and the metabolic change was analyzed. The white adipose tissue (WAT) weight and adipocyte size were reduced in A-485-administrated mice, with decreased expressions of lipogenic genes and transcriptional factors. In the liver of A-485-treated mice, the lipid content and lipogenic gene expressions were lowered while the binding of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) to glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pc) promoter was reduced, leading to decreased expression of G6Pc. In primary mouse hepatocytes, A-485 abolished cAMP-elicited mRNA expressions of key gluconeogenic enzymes and promoted FOXO1 protein degradation via increasing its ubiquitination. Thus, A-485 inhibits lipogenesis in WAT and liver as well as decreases hepatic glucose production via preventing FOXO1 acetylation, leading to its protein degradation through a proteasome-dependent pathway. The specific inhibition of CBP/p300 HAT will provide a novel therapeutic approach for metabolic diseases.
Using insurance data to quantify the multidimensional impacts of warming temperatures on yield risk
Authors: Perry Edward D. , Yu Jisang , Tack Jesse 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrevious research predicts significant negative yield impacts from warming temperatures, but estimating the effects on yield risk and disentangling the relative causes of these losses remains challenging. Here we present new evidence on these issues by leveraging a unique publicly available dataset consisting of roughly 30,000 county-by-year observations on insurance-based measures of yield risk from 1989–2014 for U.S. corn and soybeans. Our results suggest that yield risk will increase in response to warmer temperatures, with a 1 °C increase associated with yield risk increases of approximately 32% and 11% for corn and soybeans, respectively. Using cause of loss information, we also find that additional losses under warming temperatures primarily result from additional reported occurrences of drought, with reported losses due to heat stress playing a smaller role. An implication of our findings is that the cost of purchasing crop insurance will increase for producers as a result of warming temperatures.
Ontogeny of arterial macrophages defines their functions in homeostasis and inflammation
Authors: Weinberger Tobias , Esfandyari Dena , Messerer Denise , Percin Gulce , Schleifer Christian , Thaler Raffael , Liu Lulu , Stremmel Christopher , Schneider Vanessa , Vagnozzi Ronald J. , Schwanenkamp Jennifer , Fischer Maximilian , Busch Katrin , Klapproth Kay , Ishikawa-Ankerhold Hellen , Klösges Lukas , Titova Anna , Molkentin Jeffery D. , Kobayashi Yasuhiro , Engelhardt Stefan , Massberg Steffen , Waskow Claudia , Perdiguero Elisa Gomez , Schulz Christian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractArterial macrophages have different developmental origins, but the association of macrophage ontogeny with their phenotypes and functions in adulthood is still unclear. Here, we combine macrophage fate-mapping analysis with single-cell RNA sequencing to establish their cellular identity during homeostasis, and in response to angiotensin-II (AngII)-induced arterial inflammation. Yolk sac erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMP) contribute substantially to adventitial macrophages and give rise to a defined cluster of resident immune cells with homeostatic functions that is stable in adult mice, but declines in numbers during ageing and is not replenished by bone marrow (BM)-derived macrophages. In response to AngII inflammation, increase in adventitial macrophages is driven by recruitment of BM monocytes, while EMP-derived macrophages proliferate locally and provide a distinct transcriptional response that is linked to tissue regeneration. Our findings thus contribute to the understanding of macrophage heterogeneity, and associate macrophage ontogeny with distinct functions in health and disease.
Predicting the frequencies of drug side effects
Authors: Galeano Diego , Li Shantao , Gerstein Mark , Paccanaro Alberto 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA central issue in drug risk-benefit assessment is identifying frequencies of side effects in humans. Currently, frequencies are experimentally determined in randomised controlled clinical trials. We present a machine learning framework for computationally predicting frequencies of drug side effects. Our matrix decomposition algorithm learns latent signatures of drugs and side effects that are both reproducible and biologically interpretable. We show the usefulness of our approach on 759 structurally and therapeutically diverse drugs and 994 side effects from all human physiological systems. Our approach can be applied to any drug for which a small number of side effect frequencies have been identified, in order to predict the frequencies of further, yet unidentified, side effects. We show that our model is informative of the biology underlying drug activity: individual components of the drug signatures are related to the distinct anatomical categories of the drugs and to the specific drug routes of administration.
Imaging how thermal capillary waves and anisotropic interfacial stiffness shape nanoparticle supracrystals
Authors: Ou Zihao , Yao Lehan , An Hyosung , Shen Bonan , Chen Qian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDevelopment of the surface morphology and shape of crystalline nanostructures governs the functionality of various materials, ranging from phonon transport to biocompatibility. However, the kinetic pathways, following which such development occurs, have been largely unexplored due to the lack of real-space imaging at single particle resolution. Here, we use colloidal nanoparticles assembling into supracrystals as a model system, and pinpoint the key role of surface fluctuation in shaping supracrystals. Utilizing liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy, we map the spatiotemporal surface profiles of supracrystals, which follow a capillary wave theory. Based on this theory, we measure otherwise elusive interfacial properties such as interfacial stiffness and mobility, the former of which demonstrates a remarkable dependence on the exposed facet of the supracrystal. The facet of lower surface energy is favored, consistent with the Wulff construction rule. Our imaging–analysis framework can be applicable to other phenomena, such as electrodeposition, nucleation, and membrane deformation.
Probing the heterogeneous structure of eumelanin using ultrafast vibrational fingerprinting
Authors: Grieco Christopher , Kohl Forrest R. , Hanes Alex T. , Kohler Bern 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEumelanin is a brown-black biological pigment with sunscreen and radical scavenging functions important to numerous organisms. Eumelanin is also a promising redox-active material for energy conversion and storage, but the chemical structures present in this heterogeneous pigment remain unknown, limiting understanding of the properties of its light-responsive subunits. Here, we introduce an ultrafast vibrational fingerprinting approach for probing the structure and interactions of chromophores in heterogeneous materials like eumelanin. Specifically, transient vibrational spectra in the double-bond stretching region are recorded for subsets of electronic chromophores photoselected by an ultrafast excitation pulse tuned through the UV-visible spectrum. All subsets show a common vibrational fingerprint, indicating that the diverse electronic absorbers in eumelanin, regardless of transition energy, contain the same distribution of IR-active functional groups. Aggregation of chromophores diverse in oxidation state is the key structural property underlying the universal, ultrafast deactivation behavior of eumelanin in response to photoexcitation with any wavelength.
Visualization of ferroaxial domains in an order-disorder type ferroaxial crystal
Authors: Hayashida T. , Uemura Y. , Kimura K. , Matsuoka S. , Morikawa D. , Hirose S. , Tsuda K. , Hasegawa T. , Kimura T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFerroaxial materials that exhibit spontaneous ordering of a rotational structural distortion with an axial vector symmetry have gained growing interest, motivated by recent extensive studies on ferroic materials. As in conventional ferroics (e.g., ferroelectrics and ferromagnetics), domain states will be present in the ferroaxial materials. However, the observation of ferroaxial domains is non-trivial due to the nature of the order parameter, which is invariant under both time-reversal and space-inversion operations. Here we propose that NiTiO3 is an order-disorder type ferroaxial material, and spatially resolve its ferroaxial domains by using linear electrogyration effect: optical rotation in proportion to an applied electric field. To detect small signals of electrogyration (order of 10−5 deg V−1), we adopt a recently developed difference image-sensing technique. Furthermore, the ferroaxial domains are confirmed on nano-scale spatial resolution with a combined use of scanning transmission electron microscopy and convergent-beam electron diffraction. Our success of the domain visualization will promote the study of ferroaxial materials as a new ferroic state of matter.
Dutch population structure across space, time and GWAS design
Authors: Byrne Ross P. , van Rheenen Wouter ,   Project MinE ALS GWAS Consortium, van den Berg Leonard H. , Veldink Jan H. , McLaughlin Russell L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrevious genetic studies have identified local population structure within the Netherlands; however their resolution is limited by use of unlinked markers and absence of external reference data. Here we apply advanced haplotype sharing methods (ChromoPainter/fineSTRUCTURE) to study fine-grained population genetic structure and demographic change across the Netherlands using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data (1,626 individuals) with associated geography (1,422 individuals). We identify 40 haplotypic clusters exhibiting strong north/south variation and fine-scale differentiation within provinces. Clustering is tied to country-wide ancestry gradients from neighbouring lands and to locally restricted gene flow across major Dutch rivers. North-south structure is temporally stable, with west-east differentiation more transient, potentially influenced by migrations during the middle ages. Despite superexponential population growth, regional demographic estimates reveal population crashes contemporaneous with the Black Death. Within Dutch and international data, GWAS incorporating fine-grained haplotypic covariates are less confounded than standard methods.
Elucidating the role of metal ions in carbonic anhydrase catalysis
Authors: Kim Jin Kyun , Lee Cheol , Lim Seon Woo , Adhikari Aniruddha , Andring Jacob T. , McKenna Robert , Ghim Cheol-Min , Kim Chae Un 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhy metalloenzymes often show dramatic changes in their catalytic activity when subjected to chemically similar but non-native metal substitutions is a long-standing puzzle. Here, we report on the catalytic roles of metal ions in a model metalloenzyme system, human carbonic anhydrase II (CA II). Through a comparative study on the intermediate states of the zinc-bound native CA II and non-native metal-substituted CA IIs, we demonstrate that the characteristic metal ion coordination geometries (tetrahedral for Zn2+, tetrahedral to octahedral conversion for Co2+, octahedral for Ni2+, and trigonal bipyramidal for Cu2+) directly modulate the catalytic efficacy. In addition, we reveal that the metal ions have a long-range (~10 Å) electrostatic effect on restructuring water network in the active site. Our study provides evidence that the metal ions in metalloenzymes have a crucial impact on the catalytic mechanism beyond their primary chemical properties.
PPDIST, global 0.1° daily and 3-hourly precipitation probability distribution climatologies for 1979–2018
Authors: Beck Hylke E. , Westra Seth , Tan Jackson , Pappenberger Florian , Huffman George J. , McVicar Tim R. , Gründemann Gaby J. , Vergopolan Noemi , Fowler Hayley J. , Lewis Elizabeth , Verbist Koen , Wood Eric F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe introduce the Precipitation Probability DISTribution (PPDIST) dataset, a collection of global high-resolution (0.1°) observation-based climatologies (1979–2018) of the occurrence and peak intensity of precipitation (P) at daily and 3-hourly time-scales. The climatologies were produced using neural networks trained with dailyPobservations from 93,138 gauges and hourlyPobservations (resampled to 3-hourly) from 11,881 gauges worldwide. Mean validation coefficient of determination (R2) values ranged from 0.76 to 0.80 for the dailyPoccurrence indices, and from 0.44 to 0.84 for the daily peakPintensity indices. The neural networks performed significantly better than current state-of-the-art reanalysis (ERA5) and satellite (IMERG) products for allPindices. Using a 0.1 mm 3 h−1threshold,Pwas estimated to occur 12.2%, 7.4%, and 14.3% of the time, on average, over the global, land, and ocean domains, respectively. The highestPintensities were found over parts of Central America, India, and Southeast Asia, along the western equatorial coast of Africa, and in the intertropical convergence zone. The PPDIST dataset is available viawww.gloh2o.org/ppdist.
LINC00641/miR-582-5p mediate oxaliplatin resistance by activating autophagy in gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hu Yunfeng , Su Yani , Lei Xia , Zhao Hong , Wang Lelin , Xu Tian , Guo Jing , Yang Weiwei , Zhang Xiaozhi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe poor prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma is partly due to chemotherapy failure, especially the oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. However, the specific mechanism of oxaliplatin resistance is unclear. We aim to find the roles that LINC00641 and miR-582-5p play in regulating oxaliplatin resistance. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of LINC00641 and microRNA-582-5p (miR-582-5p) in gastric cancer both in vivo and in vitro. Transwell and CCK-8 assays were performed; and LC3 I/II and p62 were detected by western blot to evaluate the activation of autophagy. LINC00641 expression was associated with prognosis and oxaliplatin resistance in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. The expression of LINC00641 was higher in gastric cancer tissues; whereas miR-582-5p was down-regulated in gastric cancer tissues. Moreover, LINC00641 was highly expressed in oxaliplatin-resistant cell lines and miR-582-5p was down-regulated. In addition, LINC00641 negatively regulated the expression of miR-582-5p. With regard to biological functions, down-regulation of LINC00641 suppressed cell migration and proliferation. Further experiments indicated that down-regulation of LINC00641 inhibited the autophagy process, making gastric cancer cells more sensitive to oxaliplatin. LINC00641 and miR-582-5p are biomarkers for predicting overall survival, as they were involved in regulating oxaliplatin resistance by altering autophagy in gastric adenocarcinoma.
Characterization of semi-arid Chadian sweet sorghum accessions as potential sources for sugar and ethanol production
Authors: Naoura Gapili , Emendack Yves , Baloua Nébié , vom Brocke Kirsten , Hassan Mahamat Alhabib , Sawadogo Nerbewende , Doyam Nodjasse Amos , Djinodji Reoungal , Trouche Gilles , Echevarria Laza Haydee 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an important crop in Chad that plays an economic role in the countryside were stalks are produced mainly for human consumption without any processing. Unfortunately, very little information exists on its genetic diversity and brix content. Studies performed in 2014 and 2015 showed that there were significant variations (p < 0.001) for all assessed quantitative traits. Potential grain yield (0.12–1.67 t ha−1), days to 50% flowering (68.3–126.3 days), and plant height (128.9–298.3 cm) were among traits that exhibited broader variability. Brix content range from 5.5 to 16.7% across accessions, was positively correlated to stalk diameter and plant height, but negatively correlated to moisture content in fresh stalk and potential grain yield. Fresh stalk yield range from 16.8 to 115.7 Mg ha−1, with a mean value of 58.3 Mg ha−1 across accession. Moisture content in fresh stalk range from 33.7 to 74.4% but was negatively correlated to fresh stalk yield. Potential sugar yield range from 0.5 to 5.3 Mg ha−1 across accession with an average of 2.2 Mg ha−1. Theoretical ethanol yield range from 279.5 to 3,101.2 L ha−1 across accession with an average of 1,266.3 L ha−1 which is significantly higher than values reported under similar semiarid conditions. Overall, grain yields were comparatively low. However, two accessions had grain yield of more than 1.5 t ha−1; which is greater than the average 1.0 t ha−1 for local grain sorghum varieties in Chad. These could have multi-purpose uses; grains, sugar and bioenergy production.
Leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number and built environment in Mexican Americans: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhao Hua , Shen Jie , Leung Evan , Zhang Xueying , Chow Wong‐Ho , Zhang Kai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in leukocytes has been regarded as a biomarker for various environmental exposures and chronic diseases. Our previous study showed that certain demographic factors (e.g. age, gender, BMI, etc.) significantly affect levels of leukocyte mtDNA copy number in Mexican Americans. However, the effect of the built environment on leukocyte mtDNA copy number has not been studied previously. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the association between multiple components of the built environment with leukocyte mtDNA copy number among 5,502 Mexican American adults enrolled in Mano-A-Mano, the Mexican American Cohort Study (MACS). Based on the median levels of mtDNA copy number, the study population was stratified into low mtDNA copy number group (< median) and high mtDNA copy number group (≥ median). Among all built environment exposure variables, household density and road/intersection ratio were found to be statistically significant between groups with low and high mtDNA copy number (P < 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, individuals living in areas with elevated levels of household density had 1.24-fold increased odds of having high levels of mtDNA copy number [Odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CIs) 1.08, 1.36]. Similarly, those living in areas with elevated levels of road/intersection ratio had 1.12-fold increased odds of having high levels of mtDNA copy number (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.01, 1.27). In further analysis, when both variables were analyzed together in a multivariate logistic regression model, the significant associations remained. In summary, our results suggest that selected built environment variables (e.g. population density and road/intersection ratio) may influence levels of mtDNA copy number in leukocytes in Mexican Americans.
Emodin protects against intestinal and lung injury induced by acute intestinal injury by modulating SP-A and TLR4/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Qian Jingli , Li Guoping , Jin Xiaosheng , Ma Chunfang , Cai Wanru , Jiang Na , Zheng Jisheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective: Our aim was to investigate the effect of emodin on intestinal and lung injury induced by acute intestinal injury in rats and explore potential molecular mechanisms.
Methods: Healthy male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=10, each group): normal group; saline group; acute intestinal injury model group; model + emodin group; model+NF-κB inhibitor pynolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) group. Histopathological changes in intestine/lung tissues were observed by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Serum IKBα, p-IKBα, surfactant protein-A (SP-A) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) levels were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RT-qPCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression levels of IKBα, SP-A and TLR4 in intestine/lung tissues. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of IKBα, p-IKBα, SP-A and TLR4 were detected by Western blot.
Results: The pathological injury of intestinal/lung tissues was remarkedly ameliorated in models treated with emodin and PDTC. Furthermore, the intestinal/lung injury scores were significantly decreased after emodin or PDTC treatment. TUNEL results showed that both emodin and PDTC treatment distinctly attenuated the apoptosis of intestine/lung tissues induced by acute intestinal injury. At the mRNA level, emodin significantly increased the expression levels of SP-A and decreased the expression levels of IKBα and TLR4 in intestine/lung tissues. According to ELISA and Western blot, emodin remarkedly inhibited the expression of p-IKBα protein and elevated the expression of SP-A and TLR4 in serum and intestine/lung tissues induced by acute intestinal injury.
Conclusion: Our findings suggested that emodin could protect against intestinal and lung injury induced by acute intestinal injury by modulating SP-A and TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
Convection dans les planètes « molles » : du laboratoire à Vénus
Authors: Davaille Anne , Di Giuseppe Erika , Mittelstaedt Eric , Smrekar Suzanne 
Published: September 2020

Dans les manteaux des planètes rocheuses et dans les dispersions colloïdales, une variation de température ou de composition peut induire des variations de densité, la gélification de leur microstructure et une modification drastique de leur viscosité. Mouvements de convection et formation d’une peau faiblement déformable en surface peuvent donc coexister.
L’étude de la convection dans les dispersions colloïdales peut fournir des informations précieuses sur la physique des planètes. Ainsi, nous avons montré que les panaches thermiques sont importants pour casser la peau de surface et induire la subduction de celle-ci, un phénomène qui pourrait être actif sur Vénus aujourd’hui.
Virtual Reality als Baustein in der Behandlung akuter und chronischer Schmerzen
Authors: Lindner Stefan , Latoschik Marc-Erich , Rittner Heike 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungSchmerzbehandlung zählt zu den täglichen Routinen klinischer Anästhesisten. Im Rahmen eines wohlüberlegten Einsatzes von Schmerzmedikamenten sind Alternativen zur medikamentösen Schmerztherapie notwendig. Virtual Reality (VR) konnte sich in den letzten Jahren durch immer kostengünstigere und bessere Technologien als realistische Ergänzung etablieren. Möglichkeiten der VR sowie Indikationen und Kontraindikationen werden aufgezeigt.