bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical ecology and ancient forests: Progress, conservation issues and scientific prospects, with some examples from the French case
Authors: Bergès Laurent , Dupouey Jean‐Luc 
Published: December 2019

AbstractForest area has dramatically increased since the beginning or middle of the 19th century in European countries. At least half of the forests present today have grown on formerly cultivated lands, pastures or heathlands. However, net forest expansion largely masks a slow but irretrievable erosion of ancient forests. Meanwhile, forest resource harvesting (biomass, litter) has fundamentally changed during the last two centuries, moving from intensive biomass removal to increased growing stocks in different European countries. This article reviews the current knowledge on the long‐term legacies of past land use and forest management practices and their effects on the functions, diversity and composition of understory vegetation of current forest ecosystems. First, we define the concepts of forest continuity and ancient forest. Then, based on the French case, we present the advances in historical sources, which make it possible to better reconstruct the change in land use and forest management practices over the last two hundred years. We review how understory plant communities and their traits respond to forest continuity and to different types of former agricultural uses, both at local and landscape scales. We then address three important issues for conservation and management: the conservation value of ancient forests, the impact of forest management on the ecological integrity of ancient forests, and the under‐explored legacies of former forest management practices on soil and understory vegetation. Lastly, we propose five main fronts for future research efforts: (a) explore all types of cartographic, written sources and environmental markers; (b) develop modelling approaches to understand how past land use shapes plant communities; (c) better define the conservation value of ancient forests in conservation and management policies; (d) investigate how drivers of global change interact with forest management and land use legacies and (e) explore land use legacies in mountain and Mediterranean socio‐ecological systems.
Genetic variants that associate with cirrhosis have pleiotropic effects on human traits
Authors: Chen Vincent L. , Chen Yanhua , Du Xiaomeng , Handelman Samuel K. , Speliotes Elizabeth K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsCirrhosis is characterized by extensive fibrosis of the liver and is a major cause of liver‐related mortality. Cirrhosis is partially heritable but genetic contributions to cirrhosis have not been systemically explored. Here, we carry out association analyses with cirrhosis in two large biobanks and determine the effects of cirrhosis associated variants on multiple human disease/traits.MethodsWe carried out a genome‐wide association analysis of cirrhosis as a diagnosis in UK BioBank (UKBB; 1088 cases vs. 407 873 controls) and then tested top‐associating loci for replication with cirrhosis in a hospital‐based cohort from the Michigan Genomics Initiative (MGI; 875 cases of cirrhosis vs. 30 346 controls). For replicating variants or variants previously associated with cirrhosis that also affected cirrhosis in UKBB or MGI, we determined single nucleotide polymorphism effects on all other diagnoses in UKBB (PheWAS), common metabolic traits/diseases and serum/plasma metabolites.ResultsUnbiased genome‐wide association study identified variants in/near PNPLA3 and HFE, and candidate variant analysis identified variants in/near TM6SF2, MBOAT7, SERPINA1, HSD17B13, STAT4 and IFNL4 that reproducibly affected cirrhosis. Most affected liver enzyme concentrations and/or aspartate transaminase‐to‐platelet ratio index. PheWAS, metabolic trait and serum/plasma metabolite association analyses revealed effects of these variants on lipid, inflammatory and other processes including new effects on many human diseases and traits.ConclusionsWe identified eight loci that reproducibly associate with population‐based cirrhosis and define their diverse effects on human diseases and traits.
The acquisition of event nominals and light verb constructions
Authors: He Angela Xiaoxue , Wittenberg Eva 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn language acquisition, children assume that syntax and semantics reliably map onto each other, and they use these mappings to guide their inferences about novel word meanings: For instance, at the lexical level, nouns should name objects and verbs name events, and at the clausal level, syntactic arguments should match semantic roles. This review focuses on two cases where canonical mappings are broken—first, nouns that name event concepts (e.g., “a nap”) and second, light verb constructions that do not neatly map syntactic arguments onto semantic roles (e.g., “give a kiss”). We discuss the challenges involved in their acquisition, review evidence that suggests a close connection between them, and highlight outstanding questions.
Sacredness and Aesthetics: Kearney and Desmond on Prayer
Authors: Vanden Auweele Dennis 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHeidegger famously asserted that one cannot pray to the God of onto‐theo‐logic. God is here made into a determinate concept, the highest idea of reason, and thereby loses its constitutive transcendence and personhood. To think of God appropriately after Heidegger means to think of God in a way amenable to prayer. It is widely recognized that deconstruction does not fare well on this score as it turns prayer into some form of meditation/contemplation. In response, one ought to look for something between onto‐theo‐logic and deconstruction. In this article, I explore and assess two attempts to do so, by Richard Kearney and William Desmond respectively. I argue that Kearney does not manage to escape the trap of deconstruction because he does not allow for an intimation of God in prayer. This is achieved in a more metaphysical register by Desmond.
Primary intraosseous carcinoma, NOS in a 17‐year‐old male: case report and literature review
Authors: Cox J. , Shuren M. , Chirila A. , Darling M.R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrimary intraosseous carcinoma (PIOC), NOS is a rare malignancy occurring in the jaw bones. It may arise de novo, or more commonly develop from pre‐existing lesions such as odontogenic cysts or tumours. In this manuscript, we describe a case of PIOC in the mandible of a 17‐year‐old male. Complicating factors were a history of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and Griscelli syndrome. Management included surgical removal and planned adjuvant chemoradiation. The relevant literature is reviewed with respect to PIOC in a paediatric population.
Understanding sheath blight resistance in rice: the road behind and the road ahead
Authors: Molla Kutubuddin A. , Karmakar Subhasis , Molla Johiruddin , Bajaj Prasad , Varshney Rajeev K. , Datta Swapan K. , Datta Karabi 
Published: December 2019

SummaryRice sheath blight disease, caused by the basidiomycetous necrotroph Rhizoctonia solani, became one of the major threats to the rice cultivation worldwide, especially after the adoption of high‐yielding varieties. The pathogen is challenging to manage because of its extensively broad host range and high genetic variability and also due to the inability to find any satisfactory level of natural resistance from the available rice germplasm. It is high time to find remedies to combat the pathogen for reducing rice yield losses and subsequently to minimize the threat to global food security. The development of genetic resistance is one of the alternative means to avoid the use of hazardous chemical fungicides. This review mainly focuses on the effort of better understanding the host–pathogen relationship, finding the gene loci/markers imparting resistance response and modifying the host genome through transgenic development. The latest development and trend in the R. solani–rice pathosystem research with gap analysis are provided.
Early parenteral nutrition in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Yoshida Tomohide , Goya Hideki , Iida Nobuhiro , Arakaki Mayumi , Sanabe Naoya , Nakanishi Koichi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe ideal nutritive strategy for a neonate with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) has not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of early parenteral nutrition (PN) in CDH neonates.MethodsThirty‐five CDH neonates admitted to a single hospital from January 2005 to December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. For the first 4 years of the study period, neonates received non‐early PN (n‐EPN) (2005–2008, amino acids [AA] <1.0 g/kg/day, no lipids administered). After the transitional period (TP) (2009–2011, AA 1.0–2.5 g/kg/day, lipid 1.0 g/kg/day), early PN (EPN) (2011–2014, AA ≥3.0 g/kg/day, lipid 1.0 g/kg/day) was performed. We investigated the clinical effect of PN for growth‐associated clinical variables and the outcomes.ResultsThe first day of AA administration was late in the n‐EPN period (6.0 ± 4.6, 0.0 ± 0.8, 0.1 ± 0.3 ; n‐EPN, TP, EPN: in order). The final day of PN (11.0 ± 3.7, 9.2 ± 4.0, 12.4 ± 3.9) and the first day of enteral feeding (4.5 ± 1.9, 4.3 ± 1.4, 4.5 ± 3.2), the first day of full milk feeding (100 mL/kg/day) (10.8 ± 5.4, 9.2 ± 2.3, 11.5 ± 3.5) were statistically equal in every period. The date and body weight at discharge showed no significant differences among the three groups, but the weight‐gain rate from birth to discharge was higher in the EPN group than in the n‐EPN group (P = 0.023). The rate of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) gas administration and the duration of ventilation showed no significant differences among the three groups. Severe PN‐associated liver disease was not noted during the observation period.ConclusionsEarly PN for CDH neonates promotes weight gain in the neonatal intensive‐care unit. The long‐term efficacy and safety of EPN for CDH neonates should be elucidated by additional studies.
Clostridium difficile infection mimics intestinal acute cellular rejection in pediatric multivisceral transplant—A case series
Authors: Cheung Donna Ann , Beduschi Thiago , Tekin Akin , Selvaggi Gennaro , Ruiz Phillip , Vianna Rodrigo M. , Garcia Jennifer 
Published: December 2019

AbstractClostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common health care‐associated infection in the United States. Thirty‐nine percent of intestinal transplant recipients may develop CDI. Induction of rejection has been reported as a rare event. To our knowledge, this will be the second report of an association between CDI and rejection in the literature. We describe our experience with four pediatric MVT recipients, three of whom on treatment of their CDI alone had resolution of biopsy findings of intestinal ACR. Our patients were males aged 2‐5 years old who had their first CDI post‐MVT occurring from 2 months to 15 months post‐transplant. All first episodes of CDI were treated with a 10‐14 day course of metronidazole with one additionally receiving vancomycin. All four recipients had recurrent CDI, and two recipients had septic shock as a manifestation of their CDI. Three recipients had biopsies showing mild rejection during episodes of CDI, and treatment of the CDI resulted in resolution of biopsy findings of rejection. Our case series suggests CDI may mimic ACR on intestinal biopsy. Treatment of rejection during active CDI carries the risk of over‐suppression and worsening of CDI. Our experience has taught us that surveillance endoscopy for rejection may be deceiving during an active CDI, and if mild acute rejection is noted during active CDI, treatment of rejection can be safely delayed and potentially avoided.
‘The Rarer Action’: Winch goes to Maharbaleshwar
Authors: McGhee Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis is a response to Peter Winch’s Maharbaleshwar reflections on Simone Weil’s ideas about the exercise of power and its renunciation, and on her changing views about the nature of action as she draws out the implications of our ‘hesitation’ when confronted by beauty and by the presence of other human beings.
The outcome of arginase activity inhibition in BALB/c mice hosting Leishmania tropica
Authors: Nahidi Shima , Gholami Elham , Taslimi Yasaman , Habibzadeh Sima , Seyed Negar , Davarpanah Elaheh , Ghanadan Alireza , Rafati Sima , Taheri Tahereh 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTwo species of Leishmania (L), L. tropica and L. major, are among the main causative agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Arginase (ARG) is an essential enzyme for cell growth, thus an attractive drug target. In this study, we tried to survey the inhibitory impact of ARG by nor‐NOHA (N‐ω‐hydroxy‐L‐nor‐arginine) on in vivo infection caused by L. tropica. BALB/c mice were inoculated with L. tropicaEGFP‐LUC (Ltrop) or L. majorEGFP‐LUC (Lmj) and then were treated by nor‐NOHA. ARG inhibitor only indicated a delay in generation of a cutaneous lesion in inoculated footpad with nor‐NOHA‐Ltrop and nor‐NOHA‐Lmj. ARG activity has been significantly reduced in nor‐NOHA‐Ltrop group. In this group, ARG activity inhibition correlated with increased levels of nitric oxide (NO). In both inoculated mice with Ltrop or Lmj, parasite load showed a significant decrease at later steps during the CL course post‐treatment. In vivo bioluminescence intensity did not show any ARG's inhibitory effect on treated‐Ltrop. The findings verified that the ARG activity may partially control the L. tropica infection in BALB/c mice through reduction of parasite proliferation and parasite killing through NO generation. This effect is dose‐dependent.
Beneficial role of acetylcholine in chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthetic gas exchange in Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings under salinity stress
Authors: Qin C. , Ahanger M. A. , Zhou J. , Ahmed N. , Wei C. , Yuan S. , Ashraf M. , Zhang L. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Acetylcholine (ACh) is believed to improve plant growth. However, regulation at biochemical and molecular levels is largely unknown.

The present study investigated the impact of exogenously applied ACh (10 µm) on growth and chlorophyll metabolism in hydroponically grown Nicotiana benthamiana under salt stress (150 mm NaCl).

Salinity reduced root hydraulic conductivity while ACh‐treated seedlings exhibited a significant increase, resulting in increased relative water content. Salinity induced a reduction in chlorophyll biosynthetic intermediates, such as protoporphyrin‐IX, Mg‐photoporphyrin‐IX and protochlorophyllide, which were significantly ameliorated in the presence of ACh. This influence of ACh on chlorophyll synthesis was confirmed by up‐regulation of HEMA1, CHLH, CAO and POR genes. Gas exchange parameters, i.e. stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration and transpiration rate, increased with ACh, thereby alleviating the salinity effects on photosynthesis. In addition, the salinity‐induced enhancement of lipid peroxidation declined after ACh treatment through modulation of the activity of the assayed antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase). Importantly, ACh significantly reduced the uptake of Na and increased uptake of K, resulting in a decline in the Na/K ratio.

Results of the present study indicate that ACh can be effective in ameliorating NaCl‐induced osmotic stress, altering chlorophyll metabolism and thus photosynthesis by maintaining ion homeostasis, hydraulic conductivity and water balance.
Taking down the wall: Transition and inequality
Authors: Cevik Serhan , Correa‐Caro Carolina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the main determinants of income inequality in the transition countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States during the period 1990–2018. To this end, we address a major methodological challenge that lies at the core of the cross‐country literature on income inequality: the potential endogeneity of income per capita, which is largely ignored by most empirical studies. We adopt a two‐pronged empirical strategy by (1) using trading partners’ weighted average real GDP as an instrumental variable and (2) estimating the model via the two‐stage least squares approach for static models and the generalized method of moments estimator for dynamic models. Our empirical findings are consistent with the Kuznets curve that illustrates a nonlinear relationship between income inequality and the level of economic development. We also find that the redistributive impact of fiscal policy is statistically insignificant and taxation and government spending appear to have the opposing effects on income inequality in transition economies over the sample period.
Th9 cells in allergic diseases: A role for the microbiota?
Authors: Badolati Isabella , Sverremark‐Ekström Eva , van der Heiden Marieke 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSince their discovery about 10 years ago, Th9 cells have been increasingly linked to allergic pathologies. Within this review, we summarize the current knowledge on associations between Th9 cells and allergic diseases and acknowledge Th9 cells as important targets in future treatment of allergic diseases. However, until today, it is not fully understood how these Th9 cell responses are modulated. We describe current literature suggesting that these Th9 cell responses might be stimulated by microbial species such as Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, while on the other hand, microbial and dietary compounds such as retinoic acid (RA), butyrate and vitamin D show suppressive capacity on allergy‐related Th9 responses. By reviewing this recent research, we provide new insights into the modulating capacity of the microbiota on Th9 cell responses. Consequently, microbial and dietary factors may be used as innovative tools to target Th9 cells in the treatment of allergic diseases. However, further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind these interactions in order to translate this knowledge into clinical allergy settings.
Strengthening the assessment of self‐talk in sports through a multi‐method approach
Authors: De Muynck Gert‐Jan , Soenens Bart , Delrue Jochen , Comoutos Nikos , Vansteenkiste Maarten 
Published: December 2019

Although self‐talk during competitive sports is common and predictive of athletes' motivation, experiences, and performance, it is difficult to accurately assess self‐talk. An important, yet underexplored, next step in the assessment of self‐talk is to rely on a multi‐method approach. The present study sought to examine whether tennis players' self‐talk assessed either via self‐reports or via a live‐recorded procedure would relate to each other. Competitive tennis players (N = 120; Mage = 25.22; SDage = 9.82) were asked to perform multiple tennis exercises while verbalizing their thoughts, which were audio‐recorded and subsequently coded. Prior to exercise engagement, they indicated their fear of failure, while, after exercise engagement, they reported on their experienced pressure and self‐talk using questionnaires. There was substantial correspondence between the coded and self‐reported measure, allowing the estimation of a latent factor representing a multi‐method assessment of self‐talk. Moreover, in a theory‐consistent way, both latent factors representing negative and positive self‐talk were related to a hypothesized antecedent (ie, fear of failure), with negative self‐talk also relating to a hypothesized consequence (ie, perceived pressure). Overall, the present study shows that athletes' self‐talk can be measured reliably through different methods. Guidelines for the assessment of self‐talk in future research are provided.
A meta‐analysis comparing confocal microscopy and dermoscopy in diagnostic accuracy of lentigo maligna
Authors: Hao Tian , Meng Xian‐Fu , Li Cheng‐Xin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to summarize the sensitivity and specificity between RCM and dermoscopy in LM diagnosis.MethodsA meta‐analysis was conducted to the study. PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Wiley Online Library database were searched for relevant studies. The basic information of the patients, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. I2 was used for the assessment of the heterogeneity. A random‐effect model was used for analyzing the data of the literature study.ResultsA total of 498 patients from 7 articles were included in the study. The articles summarized the sensitivity and specificity between RCM and dermoscopy in the treatment of lentigo maligna. The overall sensitivity of RCM was 0.93, and the overall specificity was 0.89. RCM diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 104.38, RCM positive likelihood (+LR/PLR) was 8.50, and the negative LR (‐LR/NLR) was 0.08. The overall sensitivity of dermoscopy was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.58‐0.84), and the overall specificity was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.71‐0.92). The DOR, +LR, and −LR of dermoscopy were 14.48, 4.65, and 0.32, respectively.ConclusionRCM has a better accuracy than dermoscopy in the diagnosis of LM.
Isolation and characterization of a large photosystem I–light‐harvesting complex II supercomplex with an additional Lhca1–a4 dimer in Arabidopsis
Authors: Crepin Aurélie , Kučerová Zuzana , Kosta Artemis , Durand Eric , Caffarri Stefano 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe biological conversion of light energy into chemical energy is performed by a flexible photosynthetic machinery located in the thylakoid membranes. Photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII) are the two complexes able to harvest light. PSI is the last complex of the electron transport chain and is composed of multiple subunits: the proteins building the catalytic core complex that are well conserved between oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, and, in green organisms, the membrane light‐harvesting complexes (Lhc) necessary to increase light absorption. In plants, four Lhca proteins (Lhca1–4) make up the antenna system of PSI, which can be further extended to optimize photosynthesis by reversible binding of LHCII, the main antenna complex of photosystem II. Here, we used biochemistry and electron microscopy in Arabidopsis to reveal a previously unknown supercomplex of PSI with LHCII that contains an additional Lhca1–a4 dimer bound on the PsaB–PsaI–PsaH side of the complex. This finding contradicts recent structural studies suggesting that the presence of an Lhca dimer at this position is an exclusive feature of algal PSI. We discuss the features of the additional Lhca dimer in the large plant PSI–LHCII supercomplex and the differences with the algal PSI. Our work provides further insights into the intricate structural plasticity of photosystems.