bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PAMAM Dendrimer‐Based Nanodevices for Nuclear Medicine Applications
Authors: Xiao Tingting , Li Du , Shi Xiangyang , Shen Mingwu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNuclear medicine, involving nuclear medicine imaging and radiotherapy (RT), has become a mainstay of theranostics in the field of nanomedicine and several examples have been successfully translated into clinical practice. The combination of radionuclides with dendrimers has long been investigated in nuclear imaging, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), providing functional information for whole body quantitative analysis with high sensitivity due to the unique structural advantages of the dendrimer platform. Besides, radioisotopes with both therapeutic and imaging functionalities can also be combined with dendrimer platforms for theranostic applications. In this review, the recent advances in the development of radionuclide‐labeled poly(amidoamine) dendrimer‐based nanodevices for targeted PET, SPECT, SPECT/computed tomography, SPECT/magnetic resonance imaging of tumors, RT, as well as for SPECT‐imaging‐guided RT of cancer are summarized. Current restrictions hindering the clinical translation of dendrimer‐based nuclear nanodevices and future prospects are also discussed.
Effects of constant load on corrosion cracking of 304 ASS at 600°C in molten salts
Authors: Li Heng , Yang Xinyu , Yin Xuzhong , Tang Jianqun , Gong Jianming , Fuyang Chengming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe effects of constant load (CL) on corrosion cracking of 304 austenitic stainless steel (ASS) in molten salts (binary nitrate salts, 60 wt% NaNO3, and 40 wt% KNO3) were investigated. A pair of novel clamping fixture was designed to fix the tensile sample, making the gauge section immersed in molten salts. The CL tensile tests were applied with the initial stress of 212 MPa and the temperature of 600°C. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy were employed to characterize the deformation behavior and corrosion features. The results show that corrosion of 304 ASS in molten salts was aggravated by the continuous deformation due to the cracking of protective oxide scale. Grain boundaries were oxidized and weakened by the molten salt, leading to a crack propagating. Compared with the creep test result, a reduced rupture life of 304 ASS under constant loading in molten salts was observed.
Novel Sulfur‐Containing Cross‐Linking Agent for Si‐Based Preceramic Polymers
Authors: Taheri Poroshat , Bokka Apparao , Asgari Parham , Jeon Junha , Lang John C. , Campostrini Renzo , Sorarù Gian Domenico , Kroll Peter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCross‐linking polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) with divinylthiophene (DVT) via hydrosilylation in highly dilute conditions and subsequent supercritical drying in CO2yield a polymeric aerogel containing aromatic sulfur integrally and uniformly distributed throughout the monolith. Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy indicates almost complete consumption of vinyl groups and SiH bonds in the product. Both FT‐IR and Raman spectroscopic analyses support loss of conjugation of vinyl groups with the retained double bonds of the thiophene ring. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates a condensed colloidal structure with characteristic particulate diameters of about 165 nm. SEM coupled with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy elemental mapping shows that sulfur is distributed homogeneously in the polymeric aerogel. Porosimetry of the mesoporous aerogel indicates the effective average pore diameters are about 12 nm. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) establishes greater thermal stability of the PMHS‐DVT product than either of the pure unreacted components. TGA coupled with mass spectrometric (TG‐MS) identification of the volatiles released during pyrolysis shows that sulfur is driven from the cross‐linked polymer as thiophene and its derivatives. Recorded mass spectra support the hypothesis that cross‐linking DVT bridges between PMHS chains in the polymeric aerogel, and that this results in a more thermally stable monolith.
Preparation of Magnetic Porous Microspheres and Their Ability to Remove Oils
Authors: Yu Ya‐Lan , Zhou Zi‐Han , Yu Wan‐Ting , Song Yu‐Zhen , Xie Min‐Qian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMagnetic, porous poly (tripropylene glycol diacrylate) (PTPGDA) microspheres are successfully prepared using a combination of microfluidic emulsification and free‐radical polymerization. The porous structure can be precisely controlled by controlling the amount of the oil‐phase emulsifier polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR). The effects of PGPR content and pH on the contact angle of the microspheres is investigated. The contact angle of the microspheres increases with the raise of PGPR content, and the hydrophobicity of the microspheres remains stable at different pHs. The microstructure, magnetic properties, and oil adsorption abilities of the microspheres are also studied. The as‐prepared microspheres perform adsorption well, the higher the PGPR content, the more pore structures and larger contact angle occurres on the microspheres, which improves the adsorption capacity. In addition, the adsorption capacity of the microspheres for diesel can reach 3.38 g·g−1 when the mass fraction of PGPR in oil phase is 50% w/v. After adsorbing oil, the microspheres can be separated, recovered, and reused by applying an external magnetic field. The magnetic microspheres have good oil adsorption abilities and recyclability, which shows their potential for use in oil removal.
How Hydrogen Bond Interactions Affect the Flame Retardancy and Anti‐Dripping Performances of PET
Authors: Ni Yan‐Peng , Wu Wan‐Shou , Chen Lin , Zhao Xi , Qin Zi‐Hao , Wang Xiu‐Li , Wang Yu‐Zhong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo systematically study how the H‐bonding interaction affect the flame retardancy and anti‐dripping behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), two series of PET‐based copolyesters are prepared by introducing two benzimidazole monomers with similar structure. One (2‐(4‐methoxycarbonyl‐phenyl)‐1H‐benzimidazole‐5‐carboxylic acid methyl ester, PBM) contains H‐bonding donor, the other (2‐(4‐methoxycarbonyl‐phenyl)‐1‐methylbenzimidazole‐5‐carboxylic acid methyl ester, PNM) weeds out the H‐bonding donor by replacing NH group with NCH3. The dynamic rheological behavior, fire resistance and fire‐retardant mechanism of the PET‐co‐PBMs and PET‐co‐PNMs are contrastively investigated. PET‐co‐PNMs have flow behaviors similar to neat PET. While, for PET‐co‐PBMs, the movements of the molecular chains are restricted due to the H‐bonding interaction, leading to higher melt viscosity, which is conducive to the anti‐dripping property. It can be proved that benzimidazole groups promote the carbonization of substrates to form more stable charred layers in combustion, showing an obvious barrier action in condensed phase. Unfortunately, the enhancement of carbonization alone is not enough to inhibit the dripping behavior satisfactorily, and PET‐co‐PNMs fail to pass UL‐94 V‐0 rating. While, PET‐co‐PBMs exhibit better self‐extinguishing and anti‐dripping performances benefiting from strong H‐bonding interactions. The revealed effects of H‐bonding interactions on the fire resistance and anti‐dripping behavior of polymers will guide further design of flame retardants.
Brand engagement in self‐concept and consumer engagement in social media: The role of the source
Authors: Giakoumaki Christina , Krepapa Areti 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis three‐group between‐subjects experimental research investigates the extent to which consumer engagement with a social media branded post is directly affected by individuals’ tendency to incorporate brands as part of their self‐concept (BESC) and whether this relationship is moderated by individuals’ exposure to three different post source types. Participants were exposed to one of three Instagram social media posts of a luxury brand, where the only manipulated factor was the type of source. Findings show that there is a positive relationship between BESC and post engagement. The study also shows that content source plays a moderating role in the relationship between BESC and post engagement, such that individuals with high BESC will engage significantly more with content posted by other users, compared with branded sources (brand, influencer).
Multi‐institutional experience of genetic diagnosis in Ecuador: National registry of chromosome alterations and polymorphisms
Authors: Paz‐y‐Miño César , Yumiceba Verónica , Moreta Germania , Paredes Rosario , Ruiz Mónica , Ocampo Ligia , Llamos Paneque Arianne , Ochoa Pérez Catalina , Ruiz‐Cabezas Juan Carlos , Álvarez Vidal Jenny , Jiménez Torres Idarmis , Vargas‐Vera Ramón , Cruz Fernando , Guapi N Víctor Hugo , Montalván Martha , Meneses Álvarez Sara , Garzón Castro Maribel , Lamar Segura Elizabeth , Recalde Báez María Augusta , Naranjo María Elena , Tambaco Jijón Nina , Sinche María , Licuy Pedro , Burgos Ramiro , Porras‐Borja Fabián , Echeverría‐Garcés Gabriela , Pérez‐Villa Andy , Armendáriz‐Castillo Isaac , García‐Cárdenas Jennyfer M. , Guerrero Santiago , Guevara‐Ramírez Patricia , López‐Cortés Andrés , Zambrano Ana Karina , Leone Paola E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDetection of chromosomal abnormalities is crucial in various medical areas; to diagnose birth defects, genetic disorders, and infertility, among other complex phenotypes, in individuals across a wide range of ages. Hence, the present study wants to contribute to the knowledge of type and frequency of chromosomal alterations and polymorphisms in Ecuador.MethodsCytogenetic registers from different Ecuadorian provinces have been merged and analyzed to construct an open‐access national registry of chromosome alterations and polymorphisms.ResultsOf 28,806 karyotypes analyzed, 6,008 (20.9%) exhibited alterations. Down syndrome was the most frequent autosome alteration (88.28%), followed by Turner syndrome (60.50%), a gonosome aneuploidy. A recurrent high percentage of Down syndrome mosaicism (7.45%) reported here, as well as by previous Ecuadorian preliminary registries, could be associated with geographic location and admixed ancestral composition. Translocations (2.46%) and polymorphisms (7.84%) were not as numerous as autosomopathies (64.33%) and gonosomopathies (25.37%). Complementary to conventional cytogenetics tests, molecular tools have allowed identification of submicroscopic alterations regions or candidate genes which can be possibly implicated in patients' symptoms and phenotypes.ConclusionThe Ecuadorian National Registry of Chromosome Alterations and Polymorphisms provides a baseline to better understand chromosomal abnormalities in Ecuador and therefore their clinical management and awareness. This data will guide public policy makers to promote and financially support cytogenetic and genetic testing.
Anatomically correct assessment of the orientation of the cardiomyocytes using diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Agger Peter , Omann Camilla , Laustsen Christoffer , Stephenson Robert S. , Anderson Robert H. 
Published: December 2019

Diffusion tensor imaging has been used for assessing the orientation of cardiac myocytes for decades. Striking methodological differences exist between studies when quantifying these orientations. This limits the comparability between studies, and impedes collaboration and the drawing of appropriate physiological conclusions. We have sought to elucidate these differences, permitting us to propose a standardised “tool set” that might better establish consensus in future studies.We fixed hearts from seven 25 kg pigs in formalin, and scanned them using diffusion tensor imaging. Using various angle definitions as found in literature, we assessed the orientations of cardiomyocytes, comparing them in terms of helical and intrusion angles, along with the orientation of their aggregations. The difference between assessment of the helical angle with and without relation to the epicardial curvature was 25.2° (SD: 7.9) at the base, 5.8° (1.9) at the equatorial level, and 28.0° (7.0) at the apex, ANOVA P = 0.001. In comparable fashion, the intrusion angle differed by 25.9° (12.9), 7.6° (0.98) and 17.5° (4.7), P = 0.01, and the angle of the aggregates (E3‐angle) differed by 25.0° (13.5) at the base, 9.4° (1.7) at the equator, and 23.1° (6.2) apically, P = 0.003. When assessing 14 definitions used in literature to calculate the orientation of aggregates, only 4 rendered identical results. The findings show that any attempt to use projection of eigenvectors introduces considerable bias. The epicardial curvature of the ventricular cone needs to be taken into account when seeking to provide accurate quantification of the orientation of the aggregated cardiomyocytes, especially in the apical and basal regions. This means that projection of eigenvectors should be avoided prior to quantifying myocyte orientation, especially when assessing radial orientation. Based on our results, we suggest appropriate methods for valid assessment of myocyte orientation using diffusion tensor imaging.
Dynamic Phosphoproteome Profiling of Zebrafish Embryonic Fibroblasts during Cold Acclimation
Authors: Yan Junjun , Long Yong , Zhou Tong , Ren Jing , Li Qing , Song Guili , Cui Zongbin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTemperature affects almost all aspects of the fish life. To cope with low temperature, fish have evolved the ability of cold acclimation for survival. However, intracellular signaling events underlying cold acclimation in fish remain largely unknown. Here, the formation of cold acclimation in zebrafish embryonic fibroblasts (ZF4) is monitored and the phosphorylation events during the process are investigated through a large‐scale quantitative phosphoproteomic approach. In total, 11 474 phosphorylation sites are identified on 4066 proteins and quantified 5772 phosphosites on 2519 proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine (Ser/Thr/Tyr) phosphorylation accounted for 85.5%, 13.3%, and 1.2% of total phosphosites, respectively. Among all phosphosites, 702 phosphosites on 510 proteins show differential regulation during cold acclimation of ZF4 cells. These phosphosites are divided into six clusters according to their dynamic changes during cold exposure. Kinase–substrate prediction reveals that mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) among the kinase groups is predominantly responsible for phosphorylation of these phosphosites. The differentially regulated phosphoproteins are functionally associated with various cellular processes such as regulation of actin cytoskeleton and MAPK signaling pathway. These data enrich the database of protein phosphorylation sites in zebrafish and provide key clues for the elucidation of intracellular signaling networks during cold acclimation of fish.
Forced advection problems for testing transport schemes
Authors: Zerroukat Mohamed , Allen Thomas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a set of forced advection problems are proposed for testing transport schemes for atmospheric models. Unlike classical passive tracer tests, these problems contain nonlinear sources, which interact with the advected quantity and therefore are more sensitive to advection errors than passive tracer tests. These tests also provide a simple framework to mimic how transport is used within real models, where all tracers fields have physical sources. Two tests are proposed: (a) a moisture problem with phase‐change scheme which can be considered as a simplified microphysics model, and (b) an atmospheric chemical reactions test which models the main drivers of the formation and destruction of ozone in the atmosphere. These tests also provides a clean and simple framework to test issues such as dynamics–physics coupling, time‐step sensitivity and overall accuracy with simple and tractable tests.
On the sensitivity of deep‐convection initiation to horizontal grid resolution
Authors: Tang S. L. , Kirshbaum D. J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIdealized numerical simulations are used to study the sensitivity of deep‐convection initiation to horizontal grid spacing (). In a conditionally unstable but strongly inhibited environment, a localized surface heating function gives rise to low‐level convergence and a vigorous subcloud updraught that breaches the level of free convection (LFC). The vertical cloud development is sensitive to : the clouds reach 8–9 km for  m (CTRL) and  m (DX500) but only 6–7 km for  m (DX125). This trend is not associated with major differences in midlevel cloud vigour (e.g., buoyancy and vertical velocity), but can be explained on the basis of cloud‐core mass flux (). The profile is regulated by its value at the LFC, largely set by subcloud processes, and its core‐layer gradient, set by entrainment and detrainment. The former is the largest in CTRL and weakens as the grid is coarsened (DX500) or refined (DX125), both due to a widening and weakening of the subcloud updraught. Whereas in DX500 this widening stems from a failure to adequately resolve the 1‐km‐wide updraught on the model grid, in DX125 it results from stronger total (subgrid plus resolved) turbulent mixing, which increases monotonically as is decreased. The wider and more diffuse updraughts in DX125 and DX500 are also more hydrostatic and generate weaker buoyancy‐driven accelerations. Within the cloud layer, the entrainment is very similar in the three cases, as is the detrainment for the higher‐resolution cases (DX125 and CTRL). However, the midlevel detrainment is relatively weak in DX500, which facilitates slightly deeper ascent than in CTRL. By contrast, the small core‐base and strong midlevel detrainment yields the shallowest clouds in DX125.
Solvation effect on the vertical ionization energy of adenine‐thymine base pair: From microhydration to bulk
Authors: Mukherjee Madhubani , Haldar Soumi , Dutta Achintya K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the present work, we investigate the effect of aqueous environment on the vertical ionization potential (VIP) of adenine‐thymine (AT) base pair using a multilayer equation of the motion‐coupled cluster method. The microsolvation can cause both blue‐shift and red‐shit of the IP values. However, the bulk water environment always results in the red‐shift of the vertical ionization potential. Our study shows that the correct treatment of the short‐range interaction plays an essential role in determining the magnitude of the red‐shift. We have developed a biased sampling scheme based on Koopmans' energy, which can significantly speed up the convergence with respect to the number of solvent‐solute configurations.
Electronic, optical, and charge transfer properties of porphyrin and metallated porphyrins in different media
Authors: Üngördü Ayhan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPorphyrin and M‐Porphyrin (M = Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) complexes were designed to examine their organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) properties. All calculations were performed in different media, which are gas, benzene, DMSO, and water phases. The calculations of both porphyrin and its metal complexes as a monomer form were performed at B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level by using the Gaussian 16 and GaussView 6 package programs. On the other hand, emission calculations for the monomer form and dimer form computations of the studied compounds were carried out at PBE0/TZP and B3LYP/TZP levels, respectively, by using Amsterdam density functional (ADF) 2019 package program. The OLED tensors of the mentioned molecules, which are emission energies, reorganization energies (λe and λh), the ionization potentials and the electron affinities (adiabatic and vertical), the effective transfer integrals (Ve and Vh), and the charge transfer rates (We and Wh), were calculated to evaluate the OLED behaviors and determine the best OLED structure.
Coherent Conversion Between Microwave and Optical Photons—An Overview of Physical Implementations
Authors: Lambert Nicholas J. , Rueda Alfredo , Sedlmeir Florian , Schwefel Harald G. L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractQuantum information technology based on solid state qubits has created much interest in converting quantum states from the microwave to the optical domain. Optical photons, unlike microwave photons, can be transmitted by fiber, making them suitable for long distance quantum communication. Moreover, the optical domain offers access to a large set of very well‐developed quantum optical tools, such as highly efficient single‐photon detectors and long‐lived quantum memories. For a high fidelity microwave to optical transducer, efficient conversion at single photon level and low added noise is needed. Currently, the most promising approaches to build such systems are based on second‐order nonlinear phenomena such as optomechanical and electro‐optic interactions. Alternative approaches, although not yet as efficient, include magneto‐optical coupling and schemes based on isolated quantum systems like atoms, ions, or quantum dots. Herein, the necessary theoretical foundations for the most important microwave‐to‐optical conversion experiments are provided, their implementations are described, and the current limitations and future prospects are discussed.
Structural characterization of bioactive compounds in Cotula cinerea extracts by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and high‐resolution time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry detectors
Authors: Guaouguaou Fatima‐Ezzahrae , Ahl Bebaha Mohamed Alien , Yadlapalli Sudhakar , Taghzouti Khalid , Es‐Safi Nour Eddine 
Published: December 2019

RationaleCotula cinerea of the Asteraceae family is a traditional Moroccan plant with various biological activities such as analgesic, cytotoxic and antioxidant effects which are often related to the presence of secondary metabolites. The present work aims to screen and identify the main phytochemicals compounds of Cotula cinerea extracts.MethodsA method was developed that coupled a rapid and simple ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography system with both photodiode array and high‐resolution time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry detectors (UHPLC‐PDA/TOF‐HRMS) for the identification of the main secondary metabolites of three investigated extracts (hexane, AcOEt and n‐BuOH).ResultsA total of 30 phytocomponents pertaining to phenolic compounds and terpenoids have been detected, identified and quantified. Among these were previously reported free and conjugated coumaric and caffeic acids along with free and conjugated flavones and flavonols with kaempferol, quercetin, luteolin and apigenin aglycones. In addition, sulfated flavonoids were identified in the investigated extracts and are reported in this work for the first time in Cotula cinerea. The obtained results have been discussed in relation to the biological activities of the corresponding extracts.ConclusionsThis study proposed a practical strategy for rapidly screening and identifying secondary metabolites of Cotula cinerea and provided new information on the phytochemicals of this Saharan plant. This work has therefore provided useful results for further pharmacological studies and the design of new drugs based on this species and will facilitate the utilization of Cotula cinerea in the clinic and its safety evaluation. It is also hoped that the information presented here might stimulate further studies that will possibly lead to development of therapeutic agents from this plant.