bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Local, Continental (African) and International Overview of the Law as it relates (or tries to relate) to Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Authors: Van der Merwe Daniel 
Published: December 2024

In this article, the author performs a philosophical and a comparative analysis of the new phenomenon of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in a legal context. South Africa is in a a difficult position in adapting its legal system to such a radical change, having inherited both the Roman-Dutch law (a great part of its substantive law, especially Private Law), as well as English law (its entire Procedural Law as well as its Law of Evidence) from former colonial masters. One of the best international examples of specifically enacted AI law up to the present is that recently adopted by the European Union (EU). Unfortunately South Africa (RSA) will be forced to also have a close look at both the United Kingdom (UK) as well as the United States (USA) because the accusatorial system of procedure adopted by those countries is much closer to that applicable in the RSA. For the same reason, work done by the African Union (AU), being based mainly on the French inquisitorial model, is not ideally suited to former British colonies which are based on the British accusatorial model. Lay opinion on the future of AI, especially when allied with a powerful force (such as the Law), is also sharply divided. Perhaps because of science fiction hysteria, many citizens fear having their lives being over-regulated by inhuman machines. In the philosophical part of the present article some of these fears are addressed, mostly at the hand of some commentary on the science fiction work of George Orwell, entitled "1984". Here Government, acting as "Big Brother", gains ingress to every household by means of a government-sponsored "two-way" . To the mind of the present author this is an excellent illustration of the conflicting claims for privacy and security that AI has brought about.
SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF DIFFERENT ORTHODONTIC BRACKET BONDING SYSTEMS ON SALIVA- CONTAMINATED ENAMEL: IN VITRO
Authors: Gonçalves Cíntia Moreira , Silva Vitor Rodrigues da , Pecorari Vanessa Gallego Arias , Martins Luís Roberto Marcondes , Santos Eduardo César Almada 
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets with different adhesive systems without and with saliva contamination. One hundred and twenty bovine teeth were selected. The experimental design consisted of three bonding systems: 1. Transbond Color Change (TPCC) (3M, Sumaré, São Paulo, Brazil) orthodontic composite resin and Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer (SEP) (3M, Sumaré, São Paulo, Brazil), 2. BracePaste Adhesive (BP) (American Orthodontics) orthodontic composite resin, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil) and BracePaste MTP primer (BPMTP) (American Orthodontics, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil) and 3. Fuji Ortho LC (FO) (GC,Tokyo, Japão) cement resin-modified glass ionomer cement. For each material, the brackets were cemented to the bovine enamel in two conditions, dry or contaminated by saliva, and photoactivated for a total of 12 seconds by the Valo light-curing device (Ultradent, Indaiatuba, São Paulo). The specimens were stored for 24 hours and aged by thermocycling for 10.000 cycles. The specimens were submitted to the shear bond strength (SBS) test (n=10). The results were subjected to a three-factor analysis of variance and the ionomer material was analyzed separately using a two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (ɑ = 0.05). After RUC, all the materials showed a decrease in bond strength when contaminated by saliva, but the BP system showed greater bond strength in all conditions, followed by TCC. FO showed lower bond strength when thermocycled. Saliva contamination reduces bond strength in all bonding systems.
Justicia en línea: De la experiencia digital de Inglaterra y Brasil al ámbito colombiano
Authors: Valencia Martínez Guillermo León , Cárdenas Caycedo Omar Alfonso 
Published: December 2024

Since 2020, Colombia has embarked on the implementation of a digital judicial system in response to the circumstances arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this system has not progressed substantially within the realm of the judiciary. Prior to the pandemic-induced lockdown, Colombia already possessed tools and platforms dedicated to the provision of judicial services, which gradually adapted to the new paradigm of digital justice.
In this context, it becomes pertinent to formulate potential scenarios from an academic standpoint, grounded in an analysis of the advancements and the Sistema Integrado Único de Gestión Judicial (SIUGJ) project, in conjunction with other platforms available in the judicial sphere. The aim is to build upon existing foundations to meet current needs by creating a unified model.

This research adopts an academic approach and draws from international experiences, notably those of Brazil and England, to identify key successes in the following central areas: the landscape of digital justice before the pandemic, its evolution thereafter, the technological platforms and tools employed, the regulations enacted during the pandemic pertaining to justice, as well as the challenges and issues encountered.
Subsequently, an analysis is conducted regarding the inception of digital justice in Colombia, its development during the pandemic period, the most pertinent tools and platforms used, as well as the policies and regulations related to digital justice in the country. Through this analysis, the objective is not only to comprehend the dynamics of digital justice in Colombia but also to contribute to a proposal for digital justice tailored to the specific social, economic, and cultural conditions of Colombia.
Investigation of the Chemical Stability of Reconstituted Cefadroxil Oral Suspension Using Two Type of Water at Different Storage Conditions in Aden, Yemen
Authors: Thabit Reem M. H. , Al-Sarahe Ahmed T.A. 
Published: December 2024

Cefadroxil for pediatric use comes in the form of an oral powder, which has to be reconstituted before administration. Concerns have been raised about home storage conditions and the appropriateness of the temperature of the water used to reconstitute oral powders such as Cefadroxil into suspensions, within the recommended shelf life during the period of use, in-use stability refers to products in multi-dose containers that are at risk of losing their contents because of repetitive opening and closure. To investigate the effect of temperature on Cefadroxil oral suspension (250 mg/5ml) reconstituted in water at different temperature storage conditions. The Method was performed by using (HPLC): JASCO, model LC-Net II/ADC, C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d.) Column MS-II, with an isocratic mobile phase of Acetonitrile and Phosphate buffer pH 5.0 (4:96) with run time 15 minutes, the determinations were performed at a flow rate of 2.0 ml/min, and UV detector set at 230 nm. this study was carried out by selection of two brands of Cefadroxil dry suspension) imported and local brands), exposed to different conditions (refrigerator conditions (2-8°c) and ambient temperature (at room temperature 25 – 29°c) after reconstitution by two waters (boiled water and distilled water) then the assay test was performed using HPLC for fourteen days 0 day, 3rd, 7th, 10th and 14th day. HPLC results showed a decrease in Cefadroxil concentration in samples prepared by heated water as compared to those prepared by cooled water at 25ᵒC. The statistical analysis result of the one way ANOVA test revealed that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the drug content of the Cefadroxil brands evaluated in the study, because Cefadroxil from the 0 day was higher than the limit in pharmacopeia (90-120%). There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the drug content of the Cefadroxil stored under various in-home storage conditions refrigerator 2 – 8°c and room temperature 25 – 29°c evaluated in the study. Reconstituted oral Cefadroxil suspension is stable at temperatures between 2 and 29℃ for a period of 3 days; reconstituted with distilled water also showed stability until the 7th day. This is seen in the concentrations of samples A and B. As a result of statistical comparison, the concentrations of Cefadroxil in a reconstituted oral suspension which were kept under different storage conditions were found to be statistically different at 0 to 14 days. It was concluded that after the preparation of the Cefadroxil reconstituted oral suspension, the storage conditions at different temperatures did cause degradation of the active compound.
DENGUE PREVENTION AND PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF BARRIERS TO ELIMINATE MOSQUITO BREEDING SITES AMONG MALAYSIANS
Authors: Jasman Noorlaile , Farhana Siti Nur , Saleh Kamarul Zaman , Jaafar Norrafizah , Zaini Zanariah , Krishnan Kaundan Manimaran , Joslyn Panting Albeny 
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Malaysia reported a 150.7% increment in dengue cases in 2022 compared to 2021. Aim of this study was to evaluate the respondent's involvement in dengue prevention initiatives and public perceptions of barriers to eliminating mosquito breeding sites among Malaysian residents. Methods: A cross-sectional survey employing a population-based approach and a sophisticated survey design, carried out from August to October 2020. Respondents in this study must be 13 years of age or older from the selected households and live in non-institutionalized living quarters (LQ) units in Malaysia, regardless of citizenship. A pretested and structured Self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) was used. SPSS Version 23.0 was used to analyse the data. Results: Out of 4,522 participants, only 1,642 (36.7%) people carried out individual "Search and Destroy" mosquito breeding site practices at home once a week as recommended by the Malaysian Ministry of Health (MOH). Most respondents (n = 3,831, 94.3%) said they cleared their homes' clogged drains and cleaned their rain gutters. There is a significant association between compliance of ‘Search and Destroy’ practicing and type of house (p-value = 0.001). In order to avoid getting bitten by mosquitoes, 89.9% of the respondents (n=4,047) stated that they stay indoors when Aedes mosquito are active. The perceived barriers to dengue prevention activities are high for 22.6% of the participants. Conclusions: Addressing public perception of barriers to dengue prevention is an important step in controlling the spread of this disease in Malaysia.
CLEAN AND HEALTHY LIVING BEHAVIOUR AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES (COVID-19) DIFFRERENCES BETWEEN DORMITORY AND HOME DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Majida Lia Awwalia , Irene Kartasurya Martha , Achadi Nugraheni Sri , Margawati Ani , Noer Etika 
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Based on the results of the 2018 Basic Health Research, it was found that only 39.1% of households implemented clean and healthy living behavior (CHLB). During the COVID-19 pandemic, students living in dormitory and at home continue their studies at the Modern Islamic Boarding School. The differences in living conditions have an impact on Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (CHLB) and infectious diseases (COVID-19). Aims: this research is to compare CHLB and infectious diseases (COVID-19) between students living at dormitory and home. Methods: A cross-sectional design study was conducted in January-February 2023 at Madrasah Aliah Mranggen, Demak, involving 232 students aged 16-18 years. The sample size is calculated using a formula to test the difference in means between two unpaired population groups with numerical data. Subjects were selected through systematic random sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using a household CHLB questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Mann Whitney and Chi Square Test. Results: showed no differences in age, CHLB, and infectious diseases among students living at dormitory and home. There were differences in handwashing with soap and water after using the toilet (p=0.041) and handling money (p=0.014), as well as the absence of smoking by dormitory mates/family members inside the Home/dormitory (p=0.001) between the two groups. Conclusion: There were no differences in CHLB and infectious diseases (COVID-19) between students living in dormitories and at home during the COVID-19pandemic.
An Efficient Prediction Based Dynamic Resource Allocation Framework in Quantum Cloud Using Knowledge Based Offline Reinforcement Learning
Authors: K Valarmathi , B Mohnish Karthikeyan , S Navaneetha Krishnan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Quantum Cloud Computing (QCC) is a practice of setting up the cloud platform for delivering computing assets over the internet via a pay-as-you-go model with the help of Quantum Computing (QC) paradigm. Real-time applications have scrupulous compliance regarding performance requirements due to the low-speed of traditional computers. Estimating cloud data center asset usage is a challenging task due to its dynamic nature. It employs a contemporary model to precisely estimate data center CPU utilization and applies an effective resource controller for optimized resource allocation using quantum computers. The proposed design ensures efficient resource estimation, scaling up or down based on predictions. An efficient dynamic resource controller is crucial to solving the scaling process with quantum computing support. Existing systems use a Reinforcement-Based resource controller with a Markov decision process that decides based on the current state of the environment, leading to long scaling and processing times. Our proposed model, the Prediction-Based Offline Reinforcement Learning (PB-ORL) Model, enhances this by considering historical information for prediction-based decisions. This approach achieves accurate and high-performance prediction, optimizing resource allocation proactively and dynamically. The model is analyzed using a real cloud data set with quantum cloud and machine learning approaches, which reduces latency and bandwidth traffic. Empirical results show that the proposed quantum computer-based machine learning approach outperforms previous methods, achieving 30–50% improved accuracy in CPU resource utilization and reducing time complexity by 33–42% in resource allocation.
Food beyond land: seafood contribution to human nutrition in Brazil
Authors: Gallina Malu , Cordeiro Cesar , Eggertsen Linda , Ferreira Carlos , Francini-Filho Ronaldo , Freire Kátia , Giglio Vinicius , Hanazaki Natalia , Longo Guilherme , Mendes Thiago , Quimbayo Juan , Vila-Nova Daniele , Waechter Luiza , Luza André , Bender Mariana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Seafood is vital for tropical coastal communities, but demand and supply in Brazil remain poorly documented despite its extensive coastline and marine resources. We analyzed food consumption from over 40,000 interviews and nutritional content for six nutrients (Ca, Fe, Se, Vitamin-A, Omega-3, and Zn), comparing seafood with land-based protein sources. Our simulations show that increasing seafood consumption by 50% could meet FAO's nutritional recommendations, while a 50% increase could align all nutrient intakes. The average per capita seafood consumption is 5.3 kg/year, with lower-income populations in the North and wealthier groups in the South consuming more. Fish and shellfish are richer in most nutrients, except Zn. However, seafood production often falls short of consumption, highlighting a supply-demand mismatch. Sustainable fisheries management and expanded monitoring are essential to improving Brazil's nutrition and food security.
Assessment of food waste hydrochar as a soil amendment: Effects on soil properties, plant growth and stress response
Authors: Suarez Eneko , Martinez-Sanchez Lydia , Rubia Angeles de la , Reguera Maria , Esteban Elvira , Mohedano Angel F. , Tobajas Montserrat 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Thermochemical processing of biowaste generates renewable carbon-rich materials with potential agronomic uses, contributing to waste valorization. This study evaluates the application of hydrochar obtained from hydrothermal carbonization of food waste, those obtained by different post-treatments (washing, aging, and thermal treatment), as well as biochar obtained by pyrolysis as soil amendments. For this purpose, the effect of char addition (1–10 wt.% d.b.) on a marginal agricultural soil on germination and growth of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) plants was assessed. All the hydrochars exhibited a chemical composition suitable for agronomic use, characterized by high nutrient content, abundant organic matter, and low concentration of phytotoxic metals. In contrast, biochar exceeded the permissible limits for Cr, Cu, and Ni concentrations rendering it unsuitable for application to agronomic crops. The high temperature of thermal (post)-treatment and pyrolysis favored mineral and heavy metal concentration while washing significantly reduced nutrient content (N, S, P, K, Na, Mg) along with the electrical conductivity. The addition of biochar or both washed and thermally post-treated hydrochar negatively affected tomato growth. Reduced chlorophyll content was associated with the decreased expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in antioxidant metabolism. This led to photosynthetic membrane damage, as evidenced by chlorophyll fluorescence-related parameters. Conversely, the addition of aged (≤ 5 wt.%) and fresh (1–10 wt.%) hydrochars increased both germination and plant growth compared to unamended soil, indicating that hydrochar from food waste does not require additional post-treatments to be used as a soil amendment.
Calcium-binding protein CALU-1 is essential for proper collagen formation in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Lee Kyung Eun , Cho Jeong Hoon , Song Hyun-Ok 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Collagen, a major component of the extracellular matrix, is crucial for the structural integrity of the Caenorhabditis elegans cuticle. While several proteins involved in collagen biosynthesis have been identified, the complete regulatory network remains unclear. This study investigates the role of CALU-1, an ER-resident calcium-binding protein, in cuticle collagen formation and maintenance. We employed genetic analyses, including the generation of single and double mutants, scanning electron microscopy, and transcriptome profiling to characterize CALU-1 function. Our results demonstrate that CALU-1 is essential for proper cuticle structure, including annuli, furrows, and alae formation. Synthetic lethality was observed between calu-1 and dpy-18 (encoding a prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit) mutations, while double mutants of calu-1 with peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) genes exhibited exacerbated phenotypes. CALU-1 deficiency led to altered collagen stability, increased cuticle permeability, and differential expression of stress response genes similar to collagen mutants. We conclude that CALU-1 plays a critical role in regulating collagen biosynthesis, possibly by modulating the ER environment to optimize the function of collagen-modifying enzymes. These findings provide new insights into the complex regulation of extracellular matrix formation in C. elegans, with potential implications for understanding related processes in other organisms.
Training, Prediction and Adaptation Using AI for Communication Channel “Ground Control Station – Satellite - Aerial Relay Drone – UAV”
Authors: Kharchenko Volodymyr , Grekhov Andrii , Kondratiuk Vasyl 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Article demonstrates a way for adaptation Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) communication channel using Artificial Intelligence (AI). Simulation was provided on the base of original model for communication channel “Ground Control Station – Satellite – Aerial Relay Drone – UAV”, which was built using NetCracker software. Impact of bit error rate and packet size on latency, impact of data rate and packet size on latency, impact of bit error rate and packet loss probability on satellite, and impact of bit error rate and packet size on channel throughput were studied. For adapting parameters depending on the delay and the number of bit errors, a linear regression model was created and trained to predict the size of the transmitted packet based on the values of the delay and the level of bit errors. Adaptive transmission was implemented based on the prediction of the packet size for a given delay and dynamic change in the packet size.
The Cell Stimulation Test: an improved protocol for evaluating maximal respiratory rate using the Seahorse Analyzer
Authors: Ransy Celine , Boissan Mathieu , Hammad Noureddine , Bouaboud Abdelouhab , Issad Tarik , De-Dieuleveult Maud , Miotto Benoit , Ye Manuela , Pasmant Eric , Bouillaud Frederic 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The Seahorse XF Analyzer developed by Agilent has revolutionized measurement of the oxidative metabolism of cells. Most of these measurements use the Seahorse XF Cell Mito Stress Test, which estimates, among other parameters, the maximal cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCRmax) after respiration is stimulated with an uncoupler. This method has the drawback, however, that the measurement of OCRmax is made after full inhibition of ATP production by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Moreover, within this protocol only two additions of uncoupler are possible. This results in a risk that OCRmax is underestimated. As the OCRmax is used to determine the spare respiratory capacity, or ‘power reserve’, of the cells that might be mobilized in the short term, its underestimation might lead to the conclusion that the cells being studied are short of energy, or close to it. Previous studies of cellular bioenergetics reported in the literature have warned about the drawbacks of this procedure for estimating OCRmax.
Results
Here, we analyzed recent publications that used this protocol and found that in more than 30% of them the OCRmax value presented may be underestimated. We show the results obtained if a “Cell Stimulation Test” is associated to the Cell Mito Stress Test in a single Seahorse experiment.
Conclusion
The Cell Stimulation Test takes into account experimental constraints and reduces the cellular energy stress under conditions of OCR stimulation by uncoupler. We propose therefore that the Cell Stimulation Test should be associated to the Cell Mito Stress Test to improve characterization of mitochondrial activity within cells.