bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter 5 Paleoproterozoic (1.9–1.8 Ga), syn-orogenic magmatism and sedimentation in the Ljusdal lithotectonic unit, Svecokarelian orogen
Authors: Högdahl Karin , Bergman Stefan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Ductile shear zones with dextral transpressive deformation separate the Ljusdal lithotectonic unit from the neighbouring units (Bothnia–Skellefteå and Bergslagen) in the 2.0–1.8 Ga Svecokarelian orogen. Sedimentation steered by regional crustal extension at
c.
1.86–1.83 Ga was sandwiched between two separate phases of ductile strain with crustal shortening and predominantly high-grade metamorphism with plutonic activity. Metamorphism occurred under low-pressure, medium- to high-temperature conditions that locally reached granulite facies. The earlier shortening event resulted in the accretion of outboard sedimentary and
c.
1.89 Ga volcanic rocks (formed in back- or inter-arc basin and volcanic arc settings, respectively) to a continental margin. Fabric development (D
1
), the earlier phase of low-pressure and variable temperature metamorphism (M
1
) and the intrusion of a predominantly granitic to granodioritic batholith with rather high ε
Nd
values (the Ljusdal batholith) occurred along this active margin at 1.87–1.84 Ga. Thrusting with westerly vergence, regional folding and ductile shearing (D
2–3
), the later phase of low-pressure and variable temperature metamorphism (M
2
), and the subsequent minor shear-related intrusion of granite, again with relatively high ε
Nd
values, prevailed at 1.83–1.80 Ga. Mineral deposits include epithermal Au–Cu deposits hosted by supracrustal rocks, V–Fe–Ti mineralization in subordinate gabbro and norite bodies inside the Ljusdal batholith, and graphite in metasedimentary rocks.
Chapter 4 Paleoproterozoic (2.0–1.8 Ga) syn-orogenic sedimentation, magmatism and mineralization in the Bothnia–Skellefteå lithotectonic unit, Svecokarelian orogen
Authors: Skyttä Pietari , Weihed Pär , Högdahl Karin , Bergman Stefan , Stephens Michael B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

The Bothnia–Skellefteå lithotectonic unit is dominated by turbiditic wacke and argillite (Bothnian basin), deposited at 1.96 (or older)–1.86 Ga, metamorphosed generally under high-grade conditions and intruded by successive plutonic suites at 1.95–1.93, 1.90–1.88, 1.87–1.85 and 1.81–1.76 Ga. In the northern part, low-grade and low-strain, 1.90–1.86 Ga predominantly magmatic rocks (the Skellefte–Arvidsjaur magmatic province) are enclosed by the basinal components. Subduction-related processes in intra-arc basin and magmatic arc settings, respectively, are inferred. Changes in the metamorphic grade and the relative timing of deformation and structural style across the magmatic province are linked to major shear zones trending roughly north–south and, close to the southern margin, WNW–ESE. Zones trending WNW–ESE and ENE–WSW dominate southwards. Slip along the north–south zones in an extensional setting initiated synchronously with magmatic activity at 1.90–1.88 Ga. Tectonic inversion steered by accretion to a craton to the east, involving crustal shortening, ductile strain and crustal melting, occurred at 1.88–1.85 Ga. Deformation along shear zones under lower-grade conditions continued at
c.
1.8 Ga. Felsic volcanic rocks (1.90–1.88 Ga) host exhalative and replacement-type volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits (the metallogenic Skellefte district). Other deposits include orogenic Au, particularly along the ‘gold line’ SW of this district, porphyry Cu–Au–Mo, and magmatic Ni–Cu along the ‘nickel line’ SE of the ‘gold line’.
Chapter 14 Regional context and lithotectonic framework of the 1.1–0.9 Ga Sveconorwegian orogen, southwestern Sweden
Authors: Stephens Michael B. , Bergström Ulf , Wahlgren Carl-Henric 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

The 1.1–0.9 Ga Sveconorwegian orogen in southwestern Scandinavia belongs to the global system of mountain belts established during the assembly of the supercontinent Rodinia. An overall north–south structural trend and five lithotectonic units bounded by crustal-scale shear zones characterize this orogen. In Sweden, the Eastern Segment abuts the orogen's cratonic foreland eastwards and is separated from the Idefjorden terrane westwards by a ductile shear zone, up to 5 km thick, displaying a sinistral transpressive component. These two lithotectonic units differ on the basis of their pre-Sveconorwegian accretionary tectonic evolution, and the timing of Sveconorwegian high-pressure metamorphism, anatexis and polyphase deformation. High-pressure granulites and migmatites formed at
c.
1.05–1.02 Ga in the Idefjorden terrane; eclogites, high-pressure granulites and migmatites at
c.
0.99–0.95 Ga in the Eastern Segment. Magmatic activity and crustal extension progressed westwards at
c.
0.98–0.92 Ga. Prior to or at 0.93–0.91 Ga, greenschist facies shear deformation with top-to-the-foreland movement affected the frontal part of the orogen. Geodynamic uncertainties concern the affinity of the Idefjorden terrane relative to Fennoscandia (Baltica), the character of the Sveconorwegian orogenesis, and the contiguous or non-contiguous nature of the erosional fronts of the late Mesoproterozoic–early Neoproterozoic orogens in Sweden and Canada.
Chapter 21 Middle thrust sheets in the Caledonide orogen, Sweden: the outer margin of Baltica, the continent–ocean transition zone and late Cambrian–Ordovician subduction–accretion
Authors: Gee David G. , Klonowska Iwona , Andréasson Per-Gunnar , Stephens Michael B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Nappes of continental outer and outermost margin affinities (Middle Allochthon) were transported from locations west of the present Norwegian coast and thrust eastwards onto the Baltoscandian foreland basin and platform. They are of higher metamorphic grade than underlying thrust sheets and most are more penetratively deformed. These allochthons are treated here in three groups. The lower thrust sheets comprise Paleoproterozoic crystalline basement (e.g. Tännäs Augen Gneiss Nappe) and greenschist facies, Neoproterozoic, siliciclastic metasedimentary rocks (e.g. Offerdal Nappe). These are overthrust by a Cryogenian−Ediacaran succession intruded by
c.
600 Ma dolerites (Baltoscandian Dyke Swarm) with an affinity to mid-ocean ridge basalt containing normal to enriched incompatible element contents (Särv Nappes). The upper sheets are dominated by higher-grade allochthons (Seve Nappe Complex) with similar, mainly siliciclastic sedimentary protoliths, more mafic magmatism and some solitary ultramafic bodies. Within this early Ediacaran continent−ocean transition zone (COT) assemblage, generally metamorphosed in amphibolite facies, some nappes experienced migmatization, and eclogites are present. Evidence of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism has been obtained from garnet peridotites and eclogites; recently, microdiamonds have been discovered in paragneisses. Subduction of the COT started by the late Cambrian and accretion continued through the Ordovician, prior to the Baltica–Laurentia collision. Thrusting of all these Middle allochthons onto the foreland basin exceeds a distance of 400 km.
Phase I Study of Trifluridine/Tipiracil Plus Irinotecan and Bevacizumab in Advanced Gastrointestinal Tumors
Authors: Varghese Anna M. , Cardin Dana B. , Hersch Jonathan , Benson Al B. , Hochster Howard S. , Makris Lukas , Hamada Kensuke , Berlin Jordan D. , Saltz Leonard B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
This two-part phase Ib trial determined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the combination of trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) and irinotecan in patients with advanced gastrointestinal tumors, and evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of the FTD/TPI, irinotecan, and bevacizumab triplet combination in previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Patients and Methods:
Dose escalation (3+3 design) in advanced gastrointestinal tumors was followed by expansion in mCRC. During dose escalation, patients received FTD/TPI (20–35 mg/m2 twice daily; days 1–5 of a 14-day cycle) and irinotecan (120–180 mg/m2; day 1). During expansion, the MTD of FTD/TPI and irinotecan plus bevacizumab (5 mg/kg; day 1) was administered.

Results:
Fifty patients (26 across six dose-escalation cohorts and 24 in the expansion phase) were enrolled. Two dose-limiting toxicities (fatigue and neutropenia) were observed in the dose-escalation phase, and MTD was defined as FTD/TPI 25 mg/m2 twice daily plus irinotecan 180 mg/m2. In the expansion phase, 83% (20/24) experienced any-cause grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) with the triplet combination, most frequently neutropenia (42%), leukopenia (25%), and diarrhea (12%). AEs of any-cause led to dosing interruptions, modifications, and discontinuations in 29%, 17%, and 4% of patients, respectively. No treatment-related deaths occurred. Three patients (12%) experienced partial responses and 16 (67%) patients had stable disease lasting &gt;4 months. The median progression-free survival was 7.9 months (95% confidence interval, 5.1–13.4 months).

Conclusions:
Tolerability and activity observed in this phase I trial support further investigation of the FTD/TPI–irinotecan–bevacizumab combination in previously treated mCRC.
Trametinib Activity in Patients with Solid Tumors and Lymphomas Harboring BRAF Non-V600 Mutations or Fusions: Results from NCI-MATCH (EAY131)
Authors: Johnson Douglas B. , Zhao Fengmin , Noel Marcus , Riely Gregory J. , Mitchell Edith P. , Wright John J. , Chen Helen X. , Gray Robert J. , Li Shuli , McShane Lisa M. , Rubinstein Larry V. , Patton David , Williams P. Mickey , Hamilton Stanly R. , Conley Barbara A. , Arteaga Carlos L. , Harris Lyndsay N. , O'Dwyer Peter J. , Chen Alice P. , Flaherty Keith T. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Substantial preclinical evidence and case reports suggest that MEK inhibition is an active approach in tumors with BRAF mutations outside the V600 locus, and in BRAF fusions. Thus, Subprotocol R of the NCI-MATCH study tested the MEK inhibitor trametinib in this population.

Patients and Methods:
The NCI-MATCH study performed genomic profiling on tumor samples from patients with solid tumors and lymphomas progressing on standard therapies or with no standard treatments. Patients with prespecified fusions and non-V600 mutations in BRAF were assigned to Subprotocol R using the NCI-MATCHBOX algorithm. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR).

Results:
Among 50 patients assigned, 32 were eligible and received therapy with trametinib. Of these, 1 had a BRAF fusion and 31 had BRAF mutations (13 and 19 with class 2 and 3 mutations, respectively). There were no complete responses; 1 patient (3%) had a confirmed partial response (patient with breast ductal adenocarcinoma with BRAF G469E mutation) and 10 patients had stable disease as best response (clinical benefit rate 34%). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 1.8 months, and median overall survival was 5.7 months. Exploratory subgroup analyses showed that patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma (n = 8) had particularly poor PFS. No new toxicity signals were identified.

Conclusions:
Trametinib did not show promising clinical activity in patients with tumors harboring non-V600 BRAF mutations, and the subprotocol did not meet its primary endpoint.
KLF4 p.A472D Mutation Contributes to Acquired Resistance to Cetuximab in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ye Song , Hu Xiaoge , Ni Chao , Jin Weiwei , Xu Yaping , Chang Lianpeng , Zhou Huaixiang , Jiang Jiahong , Yang Liu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
With the increase of treatment course, resistance to EGFR blockade is inevitable in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). KRAS mutations have been considered to be primary drivers of this resistance; however, the potential function of other genes has not been extensively investigated. This study collected 17 plasma samples from patients with mCRC with cetuximab resistance, and target-capture deep sequencing was used to identify mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Analysis of mutational prevalence in ctDNA was performed from three colorectal cancer tissue-based datasets and one ctDNA dataset. The prevalence of mutations identified in ctDNA was consistent with both colorectal cancer tissue-based and ctDNA datasets. Clonal analysis revealed that 41.2% of patients were positive for at least one subclone. Multiple mechanisms of cetuximab resistance were coexisted in individual patients, and one of the patients even harbored nine distinct mutations. In particular, functional study of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) p.A472D revealed increased cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer cells, which was associated with the increased phosphorylation of downstream EGFR signaling proteins. These results suggest that KLF4 p.A472D may contribute to cetuximab resistance in patients with mCRC and thus may serve as a new biomarker in clinical application. Monitoring somatic mutations related to cetuximab resistance in patients with mCRC through ctDNA may provide real-time insights for clinical reference and treatment planning.
Preclinical Activity of Ribociclib in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: van Caloen Gabrielle , Schmitz Sandra , El Baroudi Mariama , Caignet Xavier , Pyr dit Ruys Sébastien , Roger Pierre P. , Vertommen Didier , Machiels Jean-Pascal 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCell-cycle pathway impairments resulting in CDK4 and 6 activation are frequently observed in human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). We investigated the activity of ribociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, in SCCHN models with the aim of identifying predictive biomarkers of response. HPV-negative or HPV-positive SCCHN cell lines (n = 8) and patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) models (n = 6) were used. The models were classified according to their sensitivity to ribociclib to investigate potential predictive biomarkers. Ribociclib had a cytostatic effect in some HPV-negative SCCHN models but had no effect in HPV-positive models. In SCCHN cell lines and PDTXs, the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein expression level correlated with ribociclib activity. Rb knockdown was, however, not sufficient to block G0–G1 arrest induced by ribociclib in Detroit-562 where p107, p130, and Forkhead BOX M1 (FOXM1) were also implicated in ribociclib activity. Cell lines harboring epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) features were less sensitive to ribociclib than those with an epithelial phenotype. Rb downregulation induced EMT in our Rb-expressing SCCHN cell lines. However, ribociclib still had significant activity in one PDTX model with high Rb and vimentin expression, suggesting that the presence of vimentin alone is not enough to induce ribociclib resistance. These findings suggest that CDK4/6 inhibitors should be investigated in patients with HPV-negative SCCHN with high Rb expression and an epithelial phenotype. Although these biomarkers are not predictive in all cases, they may enrich the population that could benefit from CDK4/6 inhibitors.
Cardiac Rehabilitation Dose Around the World
Authors: Chaves Gabriela , Turk-Adawi Karam , Supervia Marta , Santiago de Araújo Pio Carolina , Abu-Jeish Abdel-hadi , Mamataz Taslima , Tarima Sergey , Lopez Jimenez Francisco , Grace Sherry L. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is recommended in clinical practice guidelines, but dose prescribed varies highly by country. This study characterized the dose offered in supervised CR programs and alternative models worldwide and their potential correlates.

Methods and Results:

In this cross-sectional study, an online survey was administered to CR programs globally. Cardiac associations and local champions facilitated program identification. Countries were classified based on region and income categories. Dose was operationalized as program duration×sessions per week. Generalized linear mixed models were performed to assess correlates. Of 203 countries in the world, 111 (54.7%) offered CR; data were collected in 93 (83.8% country response rate; n=1082 surveys, 32.1% program response rate). Globally, supervised CR programs were a median of 24 sessions (n=619, 57.3% programs ≥12 sessions); home-based and community-based programs offered 6 and 20 sessions, respectively. There was significant variation in supervised CR dose by region (
P
≤0.001), with the Americas (median, 36 sessions) offering a significantly greater dose than several other regions; there was also a trend for variation by country income classification. There was no difference in home-based dose by region (
P
=0.43) but there was for community-based programs (
P
<0.05; Americas offering greater dose). There was a significant dose variation in both home- and community-based programs by income classification (
P
=0.002 and
P
<0.001, respectively), with higher doses offered by upper-middle-income than high-income countries. Correlates of supervised CR dose included more involvement of physicians (
P
=0.026), proximity to other programs (
P
=0.002), and accepting patients with noncardiac indications (
P
=0.037).

Conclusions:
CR programs in many countries may need to increase their dose, which could be supported through physician champions.
Morphological and molecular characterisation of three known species of Criconematoidea from Iran
Authors: Hosseinvand Manouchehr , Eskandari Ali , Ghaderi Reza 
Published: January 2020

Summary
In this study, we provide morphological and molecular characterisation of three known species of the Criconematoidea, namely Criconema cylindraceum, Paratylenchus alleni and P. steineri, recovered from Iran. Descriptions, morphometric data, drawings and photomicrographs are provided, and comparisons are made with closely related species. Phylogenetic analysis using the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA gene revealed that C. cylindraceum formed a cluster with Ogma decalineatus, a species with a similar head structure, but with differences in cuticle ornamentation, tail shape and morphometric characters. Moreover, P. alleni grouped with species of Paratylenchus having four lateral lines and a short stylet (< 40 μm), exceptionally including the unresolved P. straeleni, while P. steineri formed a clade with long stylet species, including P. teres and P. wuae. The taxonomic placement of C. cylindraceum in Criconema, rather than in Criconemoides, is justified, and P. teres is molecularly differentiated from P. steineri, the two species differing in having or lacking a stylet in the fourth-stage juvenile.
Streams of Latin American Protestant Theology
Authors: Gladwin Ryan R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Although church historians often call the 19th century the Great Century of Protestant mission, for Latin America it was the 20th century that was the great century of Protestant growth and expansion. The 20th century witnessed vast societal changes and the realization of systemic poverty and injustice as well as the exponential growth, pentecostalization, and diversification of Latin American Protestantism. Latin American Protestant Theology emerged during this century of change. This text provides an introduction to Latin American Protestant Theology by engaging its dominant theological streams (Liberal, Evangelical, and Pentecostal) and how they understand themselves through the lens of mission. The text offers both a critique of the Christendom cartography that is dominant in Latin American Protestant Theology as well as suggestions for how to move towards a transformative theology of mission. The primary intention of this text is to offer an informed outline and analysis of the theological landscape of Latin American Protestantism. The secondary intention of this book is to note the contributions as well as deficiencies of the streams of LAPT in the hope to signal a possible path towards the development of an integral, transformative, contextual, and decolonial theological voice.
The Tiberian Pronunciation Tradition of Biblical Hebrew, Volume 1
Authors: Khan Geoffrey 
Published: January 2020

The form of Biblical Hebrew that is presented in printed editions, with vocalization and accent signs, has its origin in medieval manuscripts of the Bible. The vocalization and accent signs are notation systems that were created in Tiberias in the early Islamic period by scholars known as the Tiberian Masoretes, but the oral tradition they represent has roots in antiquity. The grammatical textbooks and reference grammars of Biblical Hebrew in use today are heirs to centuries of tradition of grammatical works on Biblical Hebrew in Europe. The paradox is that this European tradition of Biblical Hebrew grammar did not have direct access to the way the Tiberian Masoretes were pronouncing Biblical Hebrew.
In the last few decades, research of manuscript sources from the medieval Middle East has made it possible to reconstruct with considerable accuracy the pronunciation of the Tiberian Masoretes, which has come to be known as the ‘Tiberian pronunciation tradition’. This book presents the current state of knowledge of the Tiberian pronunciation tradition of Biblical Hebrew and a full edition of one of the key medieval sources, Hidāyat al-Qāriʾ ‘The Guide for the Reader’, by ʾAbū al-Faraj Hārūn. There is also an accompanying oral performance of samples of the reconstructed pronunciation by Alex Foreman. It is hoped that the book will help to break the mould of current grammatical descriptions of Biblical Hebrew and form a bridge between modern traditions of grammar and the school of the Masoretes of Tiberias.
Characterizing and Predicting Marine Fog Offshore Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors: Isaac George A. , Bullock Terry , Beale Jennifer , Beale Steven 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs several review papers have concluded, marine fog is imperfectly characterized, and quantitative visibility forecasts are difficult to produce accurately. Some unique measurements have been made offshore Newfoundland and Labrador of the climatology of occurrence and the microphysical characteristics of marine, or open-ocean, fog. Based on measurements made at an offshore installation over 21 years, the percent of time with visibilities less than 0.5 n mi or approximately 1 km (1 n mi ≈ 1.85 km) reaches 45% in July, with a low of about 5% during the winter. The occurrence of fog is mainly due to warm air advection, with the highest frequency occurring with wind directions from over the warm Gulf Stream, and with air temperatures about 2°C warmer than the sea surface temperature. There is no diurnal variation in the frequency of occurrence of fog. The microphysical properties of the fog have been documented in the summer time frame, with over 550 h of in situ measurements made offshore with fog liquid water content greater than 0.005 g m−3. The fog droplet number concentration spectra peaks near 6 μm, with a secondary peak near 25–40 μm, which typically contains most of the liquid water content. The median droplet concentration is approximately 70–100 cm−3. The microphysical spectra have been used to develop a new NWP visibility parameterization scheme, and this scheme is compared with other parameterizations currently in use.