bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative effects of cultural practices on growth and yield of forage rice having short panicles
Authors: Tanno Kazuyuki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCultivation of forage rice for whole‐crop silage has been increasing in Japan and will be important in Asia. In this study, effects of cultural practices on growth and yield of a forage rice cultivar “Tsukisuzuka” having short panicle 1 allele were analysed quantitatively using linear mixed model. The contribution of basal dressing to dry yield per 1 g/m2 nitrogen fertilizer was larger than that of topdressing. In addition, topdressing 30 and 20 days before heading was considered to have the disadvantage of increasing risk of lodging and panicle weight respectively. Effects of weather elements on growth of forage rice were also speculated. In tested fields, high solar radiation at seedling and tillering stage was considered important for the high yield. As the number of continuous cropping cycles increased, growth of forage rice got worse. And application of compost improved growth of forage rice. Elemental analysis of soil and plants revealed that this continuous cropping obstacle was likely to attributed to deficiency of potassium. In addition, potassium deficiency increased panicle weight of a forage rice cultivar having short panicle 1 allele. Therefore, control of potassium nutrition will be useful for both sustaining productivity (sufficient application of potassium) and seed production (restriction of potassium). These findings will be useful for improvement of cultivation method of forage rice.
Practical management of inflammatory bowel disease patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic: expert commentary from the Gastroenterological Society of Australia Inflammatory Bowel Disease faculty
Authors: Aysha Al‐Ani , Rentsch Clarissa , Prentice Ralley , Johnson Doug , Bryant Robert V. , Ward Mark G. , Costello Samuel P. , Lewindon Peter , Ghaly Simon , Connor Susan J. , Begun Jakob , Christensen Britt 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2, has emerged as a public health emergency and challenged healthcare systems globally. In a minority of patients, SARS‐CoV‐2 manifests with a severe acute respiratory illness and currently there are insufficient data regarding the virulence of COVID‐19 in inflammatory bowel disease patients taking immunosuppressive therapy. This review aims to summarise the current literature and provide guidance on the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the Australasian setting.
Nurses’ professional dignity in private health care: a descriptive phenomenological study
Authors: Combrinck Y. , van Wyk N. C. , Mogale R. S. 
Published: July 2020

AimThis study explored and described nurses’ experiences of factors that influenced their professional dignity in private hospitals in South Africa.BackgroundPatients’ dignity is a nursing professional value in high regard. Nurses’ dignity, in particular nurses’ professional dignity, has not been valued equally. Disrespect for nurses' professional dignity impacts on nurses’ motivation to provide nursing care to their full potential.MethodsDescriptive phenomenological research was conducted. Eleven professional nurses were interviewed at two private hospitals in the provinces of KwaZulu‐Natal and the Free State of South Africa.FindingsThe participants were conscious of their ‘professional standing due to own and others’ percipience’. Their professional dignity was influenced by experiences such as perceiving one’s own professional dignity; having contradictory experiences; being proud to be a professional nurse; receiving support, appreciation and respect; providing care in complex situations; performing as a professional nurse; valuing patient well‐being; and being humiliated by others.ConclusionPreserving nurses’ professional dignity is crucial and should be acknowledged and encouraged by managers, health team members and nurses.Implications for nursing/health policyThe need for preserving nurses’ professional dignity necessitates the incorporation of professional dignity strategies in healthcare, nursing and education policies.
Punishing Noncitizens
Authors: Wringe Bill 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, I discuss a distinctively nonparadigmatic instance of punishment: the punishment of noncitizens. I shall argue that the punishment of noncitizens presents considerable difficulties for one currently popular account of criminal punishment: Antony Duff’s communicative expressive theory of punishment. Duff presents his theory explicitly as an account of the punishment of citizens – and as I shall argue, this is not merely an incidental feature of his account. However, it is plausible that a general account of the criminal law of the kind of idealized state that Duff focusses on will need to say something about how that law deals with noncitizens. In particular, I claim, it will need to provide a justification for punishing them. Because Duff's account says nothing about the punishment of noncitizens, it cannot do so. Furthermore, although Duff's more recent suggestion that noncitizens should be thought of as being guests in the state on whose territory they are present may provide for an account of their criminalization, it cannot easily be extended into an account that provides a justification for their punishment.
Strong genetic structure in a widespread estuarine crab: A test of potential versus realized dispersal
Authors: Tepolt Carolyn K. , Blakeslee April M. H. , Fowler Amy E. , Darling John A. , Torchin Mark E. , Miller A. Whitman , Ruiz Gregory M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimGenetic structure has proven difficult to predict for marine and estuarine species with multi‐day pelagic larval durations, since many disperse far less than expected based on passive transport models. In such cases, the gap between potential and realized dispersal may result from larval behaviours that evolved to facilitate retention and settlement in favourable environments. Behaviour is predicted to play a particularly key role in structuring truly estuarine species, which often moderate their behaviour to remain within their natal estuaries. In such systems, this restricted dispersal may lead to high divergence, local adaptation and eventual speciation across their range. Here, we test whether a geographically widespread estuarine crab, known to have behaviour promoting larval retention, exhibits high population structure despite a 2‐ to 4‐week larval duration.LocationAtlantic and Gulf Coasts of North America.TaxonWhite‐fingered mud crab, Rhithropanopeus harrisii.MethodsPopulation genomic analyses across nine estuaries from New Hampshire to Louisiana using 12,638 transcriptome‐derived SNPs.ResultsWe found highly differentiated genetic signatures among all nine estuaries, separated by 200–5,000 km of coastline. Estimates of gene flow suggest that migration is low and largely symmetrical between sites. We also observed deep phylogenetic divides corresponding to major biogeographical breaks.Main conclusionsThese results indicate substantial and longstanding constraints to dispersal in the species’ native range, likely arising from the emergence of geological and oceanographic barriers and sustained by behaviour that promotes estuarine retention during larval development. This work supports the idea that larval behaviour promoting estuarine retention can be reflected in substantial genetic structure even in species with multi‐week pelagic larval durations. Such behaviour‐restricted dispersal has implications for predicting adaptation and spread in estuarine species, many of which have been introduced outside their native ranges.
The impact of on‐demand metacognitive help on effortful behaviour: A longitudinal study using task‐related visual analytics
Authors: Papamitsiou Zacharoula , Economides Anastasios A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis longitudinal study investigates the differences in learners' effortful behaviour over time due to receiving metacognitive help—in the form of on‐demand task‐related visual analytics. Specifically, learners' interactions (N = 67) with the tasks were tracked during four self‐assessment activities, conducted at four discrete points in time, over a period of 8 weeks. The considered and coded time points were: (a) prior to providing the metacognitive help; (b) while the task‐related visual analytics were available (treatment); (c) after the removal of the treatment; and (d) while the option to receive metacognitive help was available again. To measure learners' effortful behaviour across the self‐assessment activities, this study utilized learners' response‐times to correctly/wrongly complete the tasks and on‐task effort expenditure. The panel data analysis shown that the usage of metacognitive help caused statistically significant changes in learners' effortful behaviour, mostly in the third and fourth phase. Statistically significant changes were detected also in the usage of metacognitive help. These results provide empirical evidence on the benefits of task‐related visual analytics to support learners' on‐task engagement, and suggest relevant cues on how metacognitive help could be designed and prompted by focusing on the “task”, instead of the “self”.
Latitudinal variation in norms of reaction of phenology in the greater duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza
Authors: Hitsman Harry W. , Simons Andrew M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVariable environments may result in the evolution of adaptive phenotypic plasticity when cues reliably indicate an appropriate phenotype–environment match. Although adaptive plasticity is well established for phenological traits expressed across environments, local differentiation in norms of reaction is less well studied. The switch from the production of regular fronds to overwintering ‘turions’ in the greater duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza is vital to fitness and is expressed as a norm of reaction induced by falling temperatures associated with the onset of winter. However, the optimal norm of reaction to temperature is expected to differ across latitudes. Here, we test the hypothesis that a gradient in the length and predictability of growing seasons across latitudes results in the evolution of reaction norms characterized by earlier turion production at higher latitudes. We test this by collecting S. polyrhiza from replicate populations across seven latitudes from Ontario to Florida and then assessing differentiation in thermal reaction norms of turion production along a common temperature gradient. As predicted, northern populations produce turions at a lower birth order and earlier; a significant latitude‐by‐temperature interaction suggests that reaction norm differentiation has occurred. Our results provide evidence of differentiation in reaction norms across latitudes in a phenological trait, and we discuss how the adaptive significance of this plasticity might be further tested.
Endoscopic grading of gastric atrophy on risk assessment of gastric neoplasia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xiao Shiyu , Fan Yihan , Yin Zhihao , Zhou Liya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopic examination of gastric atrophy has been developed to determine the extent of atrophy by identifying the atrophic border of gastric mucosa, but its value in predicting the risk of developing gastric neoplasms is not quantified. Thus, this systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to assess the incidence risk of gastric neoplasms on the basis of endoscopic grading of gastric atrophy.MethodsTwo authors independently searched the electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) from inception through December 31, 2019, without language restriction. The effect size on study outcomes is calculated using random‐effects model and presented as risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity, publication bias, and quality of included studies were also assessed.ResultsFourteen retrospective studies are identified to perform systematic review and meta‐analysis, 11 were cohort studies, and three were cross‐sectional research. The pooled RR for developing gastric neoplasms is 3.89 (95% CI 2.92–5.17) among general patients with severe endoscopic atrophy. For patients who underwent endoscopic resection for early gastric neoplasms, nearly two times increased risk of synchronous or metachronous neoplasms is pooled (RR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.39–2.75). In terms of the type of endoscopic atrophy, patients with open‐type endoscopic atrophy have a higher risk of gastric cancer development (RR 8.02; 95% CI 2.39–26.88) than those with close type. [Correction added on 22 December 2020, after first online publication: ‘(RR = 7.27; 95% CI 1.64–32.33)’ has been corrected to ‘(RR 8.02; 95% CI 2.39–26.88)’]ConclusionsGrading endoscopic atrophy according to the Kimura–Takemoto classification can assess the risk of gastric neoplasia development. Patients with severe or open‐type endoscopic gastric atrophy at baseline should undergo rigorous surveillance to early detect premalignant lesions and cancer.
In vitro evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Eucheuma cottonii extract and its in vivo evaluation of the wound‐healing activity in mice
Authors: Teo Brian Sheng Xian , Gan Rui Yi , Abdul Aziz Sarah , Sirirak Thanchanok , Mohd Asmani Mohd Fadli , Yusuf Eddy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundEucheuma Cottonii is a type of red algae obtained from Sabah with main active component, sulfated polysaccharide or k‐carrageenan.AimsThe objective of this research was to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial and potential wound‐healing properties in aqueous extraction of E cottonii in order to meet the increasing demand for halal and natural cosmeceutical products.Methods and ResultsAqueous extract of E cottonii was investigated for active compounds by phytochemical screening and IR spectroscopy. Antioxidant activity was carried out using DPPH method, and the IC50 value was 1.99 mg/mL. Antibacterial activity was examined against Staphylococcus Aureus using Kirby‐Bauer disk diffusion method and showed 10.03 ± 0.06 mm zone of inhibition, achieved by 200 mg/mL of extracts. A wound was made by skin excision of area around 100 mm2 on each mouse. Test group was treated with aqueous extract gel (10% w/w); meanwhile, the mice that were treated with honey acted as the positive control group and the untreated mice as negative control group. Results showed that the wound contraction rate inclined to aqueous extracts as compared to untreated group (P < .05). Percentage of wound healing for aqueous extracts and untreated group were 87.7% ± 2.0% and 57.6% ± 5.3%, respectively.ConclusionAqueous extract was found to be comparable to the honey in wound healing.
Primary low grade myxoid liposarcoma of the ovary: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Öz Atalay Fatma , Akyol Sevda , Bozdogan Önder 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA 20‐year‐old female patient presented with the complaint of pelvic pain. Radiological studies showed a cystic mass in the left ovary. Histological examination revealed a myxoid tumor with a chicken wire‐like, thin vascularization. The diagnosis of the lesion, morphologically resembling myxoid liposarcoma was supported by demonstration of rearrangement of the DDIT3 gene by fluorescence in situ hybridization.
Predictors of length of hospital stay among preterm infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit: Data from a multicentre collaborative network from India (INNC: Indian National Neonatal Collaborative)
Authors: Murki Srinivas , Vardhelli Venkateshwarlu , Deshabhotla Saikiran , Sharma Deepak , Pawale Dinesh , Kulkarni Dattatray , Kumar Praveen , Kabra Nandkishor S , Sundaram Mangalabharathi , Plakkal Nishad , Mehta Ashish , Tandur Baswaraj , Chawla Deepak , Sreeram Subramanian , Saha Bijan , Suman Rao PN , Kadam Sandeep 
Published: July 2020

AimPrediction of length of stay (LOS) among preterm neonates is important for counselling of parents and for assessing neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) census and economic burden. The aim of this study is to evaluate perinatal and postnatal factors that influence LOS in preterm infants (25–33 weeks of gestation) admitted to participating NICUs of Indian National Neonatal Collaborative (INNC).MethodsFrom the INNC database, the data which were prospectively entered using uniformed pre‐defined criteria were analysed.ResultsA total of 3095 infants were included from 12 centres. Every week decrease in gestation increased LOS by 9 days. The median LOS for infants with gestational age of 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 and 33 weeks were 86, 70, 62, 52, 40, 30, 23, 16 and 10 days, respectively. On multivariate analysis, abnormal antenatal umbilical artery doppler, severe small for gestational age (SGA), requirement of resuscitation, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), seizures, sepsis, necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), major malformations and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) increased LOS by 5.4 (3.5–7.4), 21.6 (19–23.9), 4.7 (3.3–6.1), 3 (1.7–4.3), 15.2 (8.5–22.1), 11.2 (9.1–13.2), 9.8 (5.2–14.4), 8.8 (4.4–13.3) and 5.6 (0.5–10.7) days, respectively.ConclusionsApart from lower gestation and birth weight, abnormal antenatal umbilical artery doppler, severe SGA, resuscitation need, major malformations, RDS, seizures, sepsis, NEC and BPD influenced LOS in preterm infants. In comparison with other networks or data from developed countries, LOS in our network was comparatively less for similar gestational age infants.
Resource‐driven victory
Authors: Jahandideh Mahsa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe vast popularity of distributive policies in many resource‐rich countries coincided with the oil and gas price hike of 2004. However, following the sharp decline of price in the late 2014, this popularity started waning and the tendency toward more productive policies gained traction. Using a theoretical model, this paper studies the optimal composition of public spending and demonstrates that, for a sufficiently low amount of any exogenous revenue, for example, resource revenue, investing revenue in productive public good is preferable. The representative agent prefers more distributive policies as resource revenue increases. A key determinant of the optimal composition of public spending is the inherited level of productivity. Countries with too low or too high productivity both find distributive policies more appealing even for a small amount of resource revenue. Yet, they have an essential difference. Resource revenue eradicates individuals' incentive to work in countries with low initial productivity while individuals always prefer to work in highly productive countries.
Use and non-use of a nationwide patient portal – a survey among pharmacy customers
Authors: Sääskilahti Maria , Aarnio Emma , Lämsä Elina , Ahonen Riitta , Timonen Johanna 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
A nationwide patient portal (My Kanta) for viewing electronic prescriptions and health data has been phased in since 2010 in Finland. This study aimed to study how commonly Finnish pharmacy customers use My Kanta, the factors related to My Kanta use, the main reasons for non-use and how non-users would like to monitor their medication and health information.

Methods
A survey was conducted among adult pharmacy customers purchasing prescription medicines for themselves or for their child &lt;18 years. Questionnaires (N = 2866) were distributed from 18 pharmacies across Finland. Open-ended questions were analysed qualitatively. Quantitative analyses included frequencies, Chi-square tests, Fisher's exact tests, t-tests and logistic regression analysis.

Key findings
In total, 994 (34.7%) questionnaires were included. Most (82.5%) adult pharmacy customers used My Kanta. Use of the service was associated with use of the internet to search for health-related information (OR: 8.82, 95% CI: 4.65‒16.74), active internet use (OR: 7.30, 95 %: CI 3.54‒15.08), living in Northern (OR: 4.35, 95% CI: 1.75‒10.82) or Eastern (OR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.41‒7.48) parts of Finland, and the increasing number of currently used regular prescription medicines (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01‒1.34). The main reasons for non-use were lack of need and tools. Non-users reported physician/health centres and pharmacies as their preferred sources of medication and health information.

Conclusions
Most Finnish pharmacy customers use the My Kanta nationwide patient portal. The strongest predictors for use are factors related to internet use. Some pharmacy customers do not use My Kanta despite having the necessary means. The main reason for non-use is a lack of need. Customers unable to use My Kanta want to monitor their medication and health information via healthcare professionals.
Assessing the Short‐Term Association Between Rural Hospitals’ Participation in Accountable Care Organizations and Changes in Utilization and Financial Performance
Authors: Comfort Leeann N. , Fulton Brent D. , Shortell Stephen M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeAlthough much research has been done on accountable care organizations (ACOs), little is known about their impact on rural hospitals. We examine the association between rural hospitals’ participation in an ACO and their performance on utilization and financial measures.MethodsThis quasi‐experimental study estimates the relationship between voluntary ACO participation and hospital metrics using propensity score‐matched, longitudinal regression models with year and hospital fixed effects. Regression models controlled for secular trends and time‐varying hospital and county characteristics. Hospital measures were from the American Hospital Association, RAND Hospital Data, and Leavitt Partners. The initial population comprises 643 rural hospitals that participated in an ACO for at least one year during the 2011 to 2018 study period and 1,541 rural hospitals that did not participate in an ACO. From this population we created a sample of propensity score‐matched hospitals consisting of 525 ACO‐participating and 525 comparable non‐ACO hospitals.ResultsRural hospitals’ participation in an ACO is not associated with changes in hospital utilization or financial measures, nor is there an association between these performance metrics and whether another within‐county hospital participated in an ACO. A secondary analysis limited to Critical Access Hospitals provides some evidence that inpatient utilization increases in the second year of ACO participation, though the increases are not significant in year 3 and beyond.ConclusionWe find no evidence that rural hospitals experience substantive changes in outpatient visits, inpatient utilization, or operating margin in the years immediately after joining an ACO.