bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep characteristics and white matter hyperintensities among midlife women
Authors: Thurston Rebecca C , Wu Minjie , Aizenstein Howard J , Chang Yuefang , Barinas Mitchell Emma , Derby Carol A , Maki Pauline M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Study Objectives
Sleep disturbance is common among midlife women. Poor self-reported sleep characteristics have been linked to cerebrovascular disease and dementia risk. However, little work has considered the relation of objectively assessed sleep characteristics and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), a marker of small vessel disease in the brain. Among 122 midlife women, we tested whether women with short or disrupted sleep would have greater WMH, adjusting for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, estradiol, and physiologically assessed sleep hot flashes.

Methods
We recruited 122 women (mean age = 58 years) without a history of stroke or dementia who underwent 72 h of actigraphy to quantify sleep, 24 h of physiologic monitoring to quantify hot flashes; magnetic resonance imaging to assess WMH; phlebotomy, questionnaires, and physical measures (blood pressure, height, and weight). Associations between actigraphy-assessed sleep (wake after sleep onset and total sleep time) and WMH were tested in linear regression models. Covariates included demographics, CVD risk factors (blood pressure, lipids, and diabetes), estradiol, mood, and sleep hot flashes.

Results
Greater actigraphy-assessed waking after sleep onset was associated with more WMH [B(SE) = .008 (.002), p = 0.002], adjusting for demographics, CVD risk factors, and sleep hot flashes. Findings persisted adjusting for estradiol and mood. Neither total sleep time nor subjective sleep quality was related to WMH.

Conclusions
Greater actigraphy-assessed waking after sleep onset but not subjective sleep was related to greater brain WMH among midlife women. Poor sleep may be associated with brain small vessel disease at midlife, which can increase the risk for brain disorders.
Sleep staging from electrocardiography and respiration with deep learning
Authors: Sun Haoqi , Ganglberger Wolfgang , Panneerselvam Ezhil , Leone Michael J , Quadri Syed A , Goparaju Balaji , Tesh Ryan A , Akeju Oluwaseun , Thomas Robert J , Westover M Brandon 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Study Objectives
Sleep is reflected not only in the electroencephalogram but also in heart rhythms and breathing patterns. We hypothesized that it is possible to accurately stage sleep based on the electrocardiogram (ECG) and respiratory signals.

Methods
Using a dataset including 8682 polysomnograms, we develop deep neural networks to stage sleep from ECG and respiratory signals. Five deep neural networks consisting of convolutional networks and long- and short-term memory networks are trained to stage sleep using heart and breathing, including the timing of R peaks from ECG, abdominal and chest respiratory effort, and the combinations of these signals.

Results
ECG in combination with the abdominal respiratory effort achieved the best performance for staging all five sleep stages with a Cohen’s kappa of 0.585 (95% confidence interval ±0.017); and 0.760 (±0.019) for discriminating awake vs. rapid eye movement vs. nonrapid eye movement sleep. Performance is better for younger ages, whereas it is robust for body mass index, apnea severity, and commonly used outpatient medications.

Conclusions
Our results validate that ECG and respiratory effort provide substantial information about sleep stages in a large heterogeneous population. This opens new possibilities in sleep research and applications where electroencephalography is not readily available or may be infeasible.
How stress affects sleep and mental health: nocturnal heart rate increases during prolonged stress and interacts with childhood trauma exposure to predict anxiety
Authors: Azza Yasmine , Grueschow Marcus , Karlen Walter , Seifritz Erich , Kleim Birgit 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Study Objectives
Stress can adversely impact sleep health by eliciting arousal increase and a cascade of endocrine reactions that may impair sleep. To date, little is known regarding continuous effects of real-world stress on physiological sleep characteristics and potential effects on stress-related psychopathology. We examined effects of stress on heart rate (HR) during sleep and total sleep time (TST) during prolonged real-world stress exposure in medical interns. Moreover, we investigated the influence of previous stress and childhood trauma exposure on HR during sleep, TST, and its interaction in predicting anxiety.

Methods
We examined a sample of 50 medical students prior to and during their first internship, a well described real-world stressor. HR and TST were continuously collected over 12 weeks non-invasively by a wrist-worn activity monitor. Prior to starting the internship, at baseline, participants reported on their sleep, anxiety, and childhood trauma exposure. They also tracked stress exposure during internship and reported on their anxiety symptoms 3 months after this professional stress.

Results
Mean HR during sleep increased over time, while TST remained unchanged. This effect was more pronounced in interns exposed to childhood trauma exposure. In multilevel models, childhood trauma exposure also moderated the relation between individual HR increase and development of anxiety.

Conclusions
Prolonged stress may lead to increased HR during sleep, whereas individuals with childhood trauma exposure are more vulnerable. Childhood trauma exposure also moderated the relation between individual HR increase and development of anxiety. These findings may inform prevention and intervention measures.
The European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) shows signs of NREM sleep homeostasis but has very little REM sleep and no REM sleep homeostasis
Authors: van Hasselt Sjoerd J , Rusche Maria , Vyssotski Alexei L , Verhulst Simon , Rattenborg Niels C , Meerlo Peter 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Most of our knowledge about the regulation and function of sleep is based on studies in a restricted number of mammalian species, particularly nocturnal rodents. Hence, there is still much to learn from comparative studies in other species. Birds are interesting because they appear to share key aspects of sleep with mammals, including the presence of two different forms of sleep, i.e. non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. We examined sleep architecture and sleep homeostasis in the European starling, using miniature dataloggers for electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. Under controlled laboratory conditions with a 12:12 h light–dark cycle, the birds displayed a pronounced daily rhythm in sleep and wakefulness with most sleep occurring during the dark phase. Sleep mainly consisted of NREM sleep. In fact, the amount of REM sleep added up to only 1~2% of total sleep time. Animals were subjected to 4 or 8 h sleep deprivation to assess sleep homeostatic responses. Sleep deprivation induced changes in subsequent NREM sleep EEG spectral qualities for several hours, with increased spectral power from 1.17 Hz up to at least 25 Hz. In contrast, power below 1.17 Hz was decreased after sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation also resulted in a small compensatory increase in NREM sleep time the next day. Changes in EEG spectral power and sleep time were largely similar after 4 and 8 h sleep deprivation. REM sleep was not noticeably compensated after sleep deprivation. In conclusion, starlings display signs of NREM sleep homeostasis but the results do not support the notion of important REM sleep functions.
In vitro evaluation of Lactobacillus plantarum as direct-fed microbials in high-producing dairy cows diets
Authors: Monteiro Hugo F , Lelis Ana Laura J , Brandao Virginia L N , Faccenda Andressa , Avila Andre S , Arce-Cordero Jose , Silva Lorrayny G , Dai Xiaoxia , Restelatto Rasiel , Carvalho Perivaldo , Lima Leni R , Faciola Antonio P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objectives of this study were: 1) to compare the effects of live yeast (LY), yeast fermentation product (YFP), a mix of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Propionibacterium freudenreichii (MLP), and Lactobacillus plantarum included as additives in dairy cows’ diets on in vitro ruminal fermentation and gas production (GP); and 2) to evaluate the effects of L. plantarum as direct-fed microbials (DFM) in dairy cows’ diets on in vitro ruminal fermentation, GP, nutrient digestibility, and N metabolism. Three experiments were carried out: Exp. 1 had the objective to compare all additives regarding ruminal fermentation parameters: an Ankom GP system was used in a completely randomized design, consisting of four 48 h incubations, and eight replications per treatment. There were eight treatments: a basal diet without additive (CTRL) or with one of the following additives: LY, YFP, MLP, or L. plantarum at four levels (% of diet Dry Matter (DM)): 0.05% (L1), 0.10% (L2), 0.15% (L3), and 0.20% (L4). In Exp. 2, a batch culture was used to evaluate ruminal fermentation, and CO2 and CH4 production using the same treatments and a similar experimental design, except for having 16 replications per treatment. Based on Exp. 1 and 2 results, Exp. 3 aimed at evaluating the effects of the L. plantarum on ruminal true nutrient digestibility and N utilization in order to evaluate the use of L. plantarum as DFM. The treatments CTRL, MLP, L1, and L2 were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design using a dual-flow continuous culture system. Data were analyzed using linear and nonlinear regression; treatment means were compared through contrasts, and L treatments in Exp. 1 and 2 were tested for linear, quadratic, and cubic effects. In Exp. 1, all treatments containing additives tended to reduce OM digestibility as well as reduced total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration and total GP. The YFP had greater OM digestibility than LY, and MLP treatment had greater total VFA concentration compared to L. plantarum treatments. In Exp. 2, additives reduced CO2 production, and there were no major differences in CH4. In Exp. 3, all additives reduced NH3-N concentration. In conclusion, pH and lactate concentration were not affected in all three experiments regardless of additive tested, suggesting that these additives may not improve ruminal fermentation by pH modulation; and L. plantarum may improve ruminal N metabolism when used as DFM in high-producing dairy cows’ diets, mainly by reducing NH3-N concentration.
Changes in dental care behaviour between 2002 and 2012 and its association with complete dentition in men and women in Switzerland
Authors: Schneider Cornelia , Zitzmann Nicola U. , Zemp Elisabeth 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn industrialized countries, the awareness of oral hygiene measures has increased and the number of missing teeth has been decreasing. A higher number of missing teeth was reported by women despite their more intense oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to compare oral hygiene and its association to oral health with a complete dentition in women and men in Switzerland between 2002 and 2012.MethodsWeighted data from the Swiss-Health-Surveys in 2002 and 2012 were used to quantify the number of missing teeth, the prevalence of prosthetic dental restorations, dental visits and tooth brushing. Sex-stratified logistic regression analysis was performed for subjects aged ≥65-yrs to assess associations between a complete or functional dentition and dental visits, frequency of tooth brushing and socio-demographic factors.ResultsIn all age groups, the prevalence of dental visits and frequent tooth brushing increased and the prevalence of missing teeth decreased between 2002 and 2012. In 2012, the prevalence of a complete dentition was 87% in men and 85.3% women aged <25-yrs and 8.2% or 15.6% in the ≥85-yrs old. Prevalence of dental visits varied between 45.2% in the ≥85-yrs in 2002 and 73.1% in the 55-65-yrs old in 2012 in women and between 26.0% in the ≥85-yrs in 2002 and 68.1% in the 55-65-yrs old in 2012 in men. Frequent tooth brushing was more often reported by women (87.7%/81.4%) than men (73.5%/65.5%) in 2012 and 2002. Subjects aged ≥65-yrs, who visited their dentist within the last year, were twice as likely to have a functional dentition compared to subjects not having visited their dentist in the last year (men: 2.10, 1.68-2.63; women: 2.16, 1.73-2.70) in 2012, in 2002 this association was even stronger. A complete dentition was also associated with high income, higher education and non-smoking in 2012 in men and women.ConclusionIn women and men, oral hygiene practices improved and the mean number of missing teeth substantially decreased between 2002 and 2012. Although women followed oral hygiene recommendations more closely than men, they still do not have a higher prevalence of a complete dentition, except in the oldest age groups.
Cost of hypertension illness and associated factors among patients attending hospitals in Southwest Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Bogale Addisu , Daba Teferi , Daka Dawit Wolde 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundHypertension is a common vascular disease and the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The impact of hypertension is on the rise in Ethiopia, so that, it is predictable that the cost of healthcare services will further increase in the future. We aimed to estimate the total cost of hypertension illness among patients attending hospitals in Southwest Shewa zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.Patients and methodsInstitution based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 1-30, 2018. All hypertensive patients who were on treatment and whose age was greater than eighteen years old were eligible for this study. The total cost of hypertension illness was estimated by summing up the direct and indirect costs. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with hypertension costs of illness.ResultsOverall, the mean monthly total cost of hypertension illness was US $ 22.3 (95% CI, 21.3-23.3). Direct and indirect costs share 51% and 49% of the total cost, respectively. The mean total direct cost of hypertension illness per patient per month was US $11.39(95% CI, 10.6-12.1). Out of these, drugs accounted of a higher cost (31%) followed by food (25%). The mean total indirect cost per patient per month was US $10.89(95% CI, 10.4-11.4). Educational status, distance from hospital, the presence of companion and the stage of hypertension were predictors of the cost of illness of hypertension.ConclusionThe cost of hypertension illness was very high when compared with the mean monthly income of the patients letting patients to catastrophic costs. Therefore, due attention should be given by the government to protect patients from financial hardships.
The causes and consequences of Alzheimer’s disease: phenome-wide evidence from Mendelian randomization
Authors: Korologou-Linden Roxanna , Howe Laura D , Millard Louise A C , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Williams Dylan M , Smith George Davey , Anderson Emma L , Stergiakouli Evie , Davies Neil M 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTImportanceAlzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of disability and healthy life years lost. However, to date, there are no proven causal and modifiable risk factors, or effective interventions.ObjectiveWe aimed to identify: a) factors modified by prodromal Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology and b) causal risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease. We identified factors modified by Alzheimer’s disease using a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) on the Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk score (PRS) (p≤5×10-8), stratified by age tertiles. We used two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate the causal effects of identified risk factors and correlates on liability for Alzheimer’s disease.Design, setting, and participants334,968 participants of the UK Biobank aged 39 to 72 years old (111,656 in each tertile) met our eligibility criteria.ExposuresStandardized weighted PRS for Alzheimer’s disease at p≤5×10-8.Main outcomes and measuresAll available phenotypes in UK Biobank, including data on health and lifestyle, as well as samples from urine, blood and saliva, at the time of analysis.ResultsGenetic liability for Alzheimer’s disease was associated with red blood cell indices and cognitive measures at all ages. In the middle and older age tertiles, ages 53 and above, higher genetic liability for Alzheimer’s disease was adversely associated with medical history (e.g. atherosclerosis, use of cholesterol-lowering medications), physical measures (e.g. body fat measures), blood cell indices (e.g. red blood cell distribution width), cognition (e.g. fluid intelligence score) and lifestyle (e.g. self-reported moderate activity). In follow-up analyses using MR, there was only evidence that education, fluid intelligence score, hip circumference, forced vital capacity, and self-reported moderate physical activity were likely to be causal risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease.Conclusion and relevanceGenetic liability for Alzheimer’s disease is associated with over 160 phenotypes, some as early as age 39 years. However, findings from MR analyses imply that most of these associations are likely to be a consequence of prodromal disease or selection, rather than a cause of the disease.
Serotype patterns of pneumococcal disease in adults are correlated with carriage patterns in older children
Authors: Wyllie Anne L. , Warren Joshua L. , Regev-Yochay Gili , Givon-Lavi Noga , Dagan Ron , Weinberger Daniel M. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe importance of specific serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) differs by age. Data on pneumococcal carriage in different age groups, along with data on serotype-specific invasiveness, could help to explain these age-related patterns and their implications for vaccination.MethodsUsing pneumococcal carriage and disease data from Israel, we evaluated the association between serotype-specific IPD in adults and serotype-specific carriage prevalence among children in different age categories, while adjusting for serotype-specific invasiveness. We used a sliding window approach to estimate carriage prevalence using different age groupings. Deviance Information Criterion was used to determine which age groupings of carriage data best fit the adult IPD data. Serotype-specific disease patterns were further evaluated by stratifying IPD data by comorbidity status.ResultsThe relative frequency of serotypes causing IPD differed between adults and children, and also differed between older and younger adults and between adults with and without comorbidities. Serotypes over-represented as causes of IPD in adults were more commonly carried in older children as compared to younger children. In line with this, the serotype-specific frequency of carriage in older children (aged 36-59 months), rather than infants, best correlated with serotype-specific IPD in adults.ConclusionsThese analyses suggest that older children, rather than infants, are the main drivers of disease patterns in adults. These insights could help in optimizing vaccination strategies to reduce disease burden across all ages.40-word summary of the article’s main pointSerotype-specific rates of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults are better correlated with serotype-specific carriage patterns in older children (36-59 months of age) than those in infants.
VPS41recessive mutation causes ataxia and dystonia with retinal dystrophy and mental retardation by inhibiting HOPS function and mTORC1 signaling
Authors: van der Welle R.E.N. , Jobling R. , Burns C. , Sanza P. , ten Brink C. , Fasano A. , Chen L. , Zwartkruis F.J. , Zwakenberg S. , Griffin E.F. , van der Beek J. , Veenendaal T. , Liv N. , Blaser S. , Sepulveda C. , Lozano A.M. , Yoon G. , Asensio C.S. , Caldwell G.A. , Caldwell K.A. , Chitayat D. , Klumperman J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe vacuolar protein sorting protein 41 (VPS41) is a neuroprotective protein in models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). As part of the HOPS (Homotypic fusion and Protein Sorting) complex, VPS41 regulates fusion of lysosomes with late endosomes and autophagosomes. Independent of HOPS, VPS41 regulates transport of newly synthesized lysosomal membrane proteins and secretory proteins. Here we report two brothers with compound heterozygous mutations inVPS41(VPS41R662*andVPS41S285P), born to healthy and non-consanguineous parents. Both patients displayed transient retinal dystrophy, ataxia and dystonia, with brain MRI findings of cerebellar atrophy and a thin saber-shape corpus callosum. Patient-derived fibroblasts contained enzymatically active lysosomes that were poorly reached by endocytic cargo and failed to attract the mTORC1 complex. Consequently, transcription factor TFE3, a driver of autophagy and lysosomal genes, showed continuous nuclear localization which resulted in elevated LC3-II levels and an impaired response to nutrient starvation. CRISPR/CASVPS41HeLa knockout cells showed a similar phenotype that could be rescued by wildtype VPS41 but not by VPS41S285Por VPS41R662*. mTORC1 inhibition was also seen after knockout of HOPS subunits VPS11 or VPS18. Regulated neuropeptide secretion in PC12VPS41knockout cells was rescued by VPS41S285Pexpression, indicating that this HOPS-independent function was preserved. Co-expression of the VPS41S285Pand VPS41R662*variants in aC. elegansmodel of PD abolished the protective effect of VPS41 against α-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration. We conclude that both disease-associatedVPS41variants specifically abrogate HOPS function, which leads to a delay in endocytic cargo delivery to lysosomes, mTORC1 inhibition and irresponsiveness to autophagic clues. Our studies signify a link between HOPS function and mTORC1 signaling and imply that HOPS function is required for the neuroprotective effect of VPS41 in PD.
Alterations in Brain Morphology by MRI in Adults with Neurofibromatosis 1
Authors: Wang Su , Mautner Victor-Felix , Buchert Ralph , Flibotte Stephane , Suppa Per , Friedman Jan M. , Heran Manraj K. S. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo characterize alterations in brain morphology by MRI in adults with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1).MethodsPlanar (2D) MRI measurements of 29 intracranial structures were compared in 389 adults with NF1 and 112 age- and sex-matched unaffected control subjects. The 2D measurements were correlated to volumetric (3D) brain measurements for 99 of the adults with NF1.A subset of adults with NF1 (n = 70) was also assessed for clinical severity of NF1 features and neurological problems and received psychometric testing for attention deficits and IQ. Correlation analyses were performed between principal components of the intracranial measurements and clinical and psychometric features of these patients.ResultsFour of nine corpus callosum measurements were significantly greater in adults with NF1 than in sex- and age-matched controls. All seven brainstem measurements were significantly greater in adults with NF1 than in controls. Increased corpus callosum and brainstem 2D morphology were correlated with increased total white matter volume among the NF1 patients. No robust correlations were observed between the 2D size of these structures and clinical or neuropsychometric assessments.InterpretationOur findings are consistent with the hypothesis that dysregulation of brain myelin production is an important manifestation of NF1 in adults.