bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to 24‐hour movement guidelines in low‐income Brazilian preschoolers and associations with demographic correlates
Authors: de Lucena Martins Clarice Maria , Lemos Luis Filipe Gomes Barbosa Pereira , de Souza Filho Anastácio Neco , Bezerra Thaynã Alves , Soares Ivina Andréa Aires , Mota Jéssica Gomes , Bandeira Paulo Felipe Ribeiro , Mota Jorge Augusto Pinto Silva , Tassitano Rafael Miranda , Duncan Michael Joseph 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe importance of movement behaviors for health is well known, although few studies have examined the adherence to movement guidelines in low‐income preschoolers from a middle‐income country, as Brazil. This study reports the proportion of preschoolers meeting the 24‐hour movement guidelines and investigates its associations with demographic correlates in Brazilian low‐income preschoolers.MethodsTwo hundred and seventy preschoolers (132 boys, means age = 3.97 ± 0.80) provided physical activity (PA) data (Actigraph wGT3X). Sleep duration, screen time, and social correlates were parent‐reported. Preschoolers were classified as compliant/not compliant with the 24‐hour movement guidelines. Relationships between compliance with movement behaviors guidelines and demographic correlates were calculated using a network analysis (Mplus 8.0; Rstudio).ResultsPreschoolers were active (273.52 ± 62.08 minutes/day of total PA), though moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time was below the guideline (58.68 ± 22.51 minutes/day); spent more than the recommended 60 minutes/day on screen time (169.91 ± 97.07 minutes/day); and slept less than 10 hours per night (9.44 ± 1.12 hours/day). Only 3% of the sample complied with the guidelines. PA showed the highest compliance (43%), compared to sleep duration (35%) and screen time (15%). Male sex was related to adherence to MVPA recommendations, while female sex, with adherence to total PA recommendations. Child's primary caregiver was the most important centrality indicator in the network.ConclusionOnly 3% of the assessed preschoolers are compliant with the 24‐hour movement behaviors guidelines. Strategies to promote adherence to movement behaviors among low‐income preschoolers should consider child's primary caregivers to support movement behaviors.
Pneumonia and respiratory infections in Down syndrome: A scoping review of the literature
Authors: Santoro Stephanie L. , Chicoine Brian , Jasien Joan M. , Kim Judy Lu , Stephens Mary , Bulova Peter , Capone George 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPneumonia and respiratory infections impact infants and children with Down syndrome; pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality in adults with Down syndrome. We aimed to review the literature to evaluate gaps and address key questions. A series of key questions were formulated a priori to inform the search strategy and review process; addressed prevalence, severity, etiology, risk factors, preventive methods, screening, and financial costs, potential benefits or harms of screening. Using the National Library of Medicine database, PubMed, detailed literature searches on pneumonia and respiratory infections in Down syndrome were performed. Previously identified review articles were also assessed. The quality of available evidence was then evaluated and knowledge gaps were identified. Forty‐two relevant original articles were identified which addressed at least one key question. Study details including research design, internal validity, external validity, and relevant results are presented. Pneumonia and respiratory infections are more prevalent and more severe in individuals with Down syndrome compared to healthy controls through literature review, yet there are gaps in the literature regarding the etiology of pneumonia, the infectious organism, risk factors for infection, and to guide options for prevention and screening. There is urgent need for additional research studies in Down syndrome, especially in the time of the current COVID‐19 pandemic.
Long genes are more frequently affected by somatic mutations and show reduced expression in Alzheimer's disease: Implications for disease etiology
Authors: Soheili‐Nezhad Sourena , van der Linden Robert J. , Olde Rikkert Marcel , Sprooten Emma , Poelmans Geert 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAging, the greatest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), may lead to the accumulation of somatic mutations in neurons. We investigated whether somatic mutations, specifically in longer genes, are implicated in AD etiology. First, we modeled the theoretical likelihood of genes being affected by aging‐induced somatic mutations, dependent on their length. We then tested this model and found that long genes are indeed more affected by somatic mutations and that their expression is more frequently reduced in AD brains. Furthermore, using gene‐set enrichment analysis, we investigated the potential consequences of such long gene disruption. We found that long genes are involved in synaptic adhesion and other synaptic pathways that are predicted to be inhibited in the brains of AD patients. Taken together, our findings indicate that long gene–dependent synaptic impairment may contribute to AD pathogenesis.
Ion Selectivity of Water Molecules in Subnanoporous Liquid‐Crystalline Water‐Treatment Membranes: A Structural Study of Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Watanabe Ryusuke , Sakamoto Takeshi , Yamazoe Kosuke , Miyawaki Jun , Kato Takashi , Harada Yoshihisa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate hydrogen‐bonded structures of water in self‐organized subnanoporous water treatment membranes obtained using synchrotron‐based high‐resolution soft X‐ray emission spectroscopy. The ion selectivity of these water treatment membranes is usually understood by the size compatibility of nanochannels in the membrane with the Stokes radius of hydrated ions, or by electrostatic interaction between charges inside the nanochannels and such ions. However, based on a comparison between the hydrogen‐bonded structures of water molecules in the nanochannels of the water treatment membrane and those surrounding the ions, we propose a definite contribution of structural consistency among the associated hydrogen‐bonded water molecules to the ion selectivity. Our observation delivers a novel concept to the design of water treatment membranes where water molecules in the nanochannel can be regarded as a part of the material that controls the ion selectivity.
Closing the Gap for Electronic Short‐Circuiting: Photosystem I Mixed Monolayers Enable Improved Anisotropic Electron Flow in Biophotovoltaic Devices
Authors: Wang Panpan , Frank Anna , Zhao Fangyuan , Szczesny Julian , Junqueira João R. C. , Zacarias Sónia , Ruff Adrian , Nowaczyk Marc M. , Pereira Inês A. C. , Rögner Matthias , Conzuelo Felipe , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWell‐defined assemblies of photosynthetic protein complexes are required for an optimal performance of semi‐artificial energy conversion devices, capable of providing unidirectional electron flow when light‐harvesting proteins are interfaced with electrode surfaces. We present mixed photosystem I (PSI) monolayers constituted of native cyanobacterial PSI trimers in combination with isolated PSI monomers from the same organism. The resulting compact arrangement ensures a high density of photoactive protein complexes per unit area, providing the basis to effectively minimize short‐circuiting processes that typically limit the performance of PSI‐based bioelectrodes. The PSI film is further interfaced with redox polymers for optimal electron transfer, enabling highly efficient light‐induced photocurrent generation. Coupling of the photocathode with a [NiFeSe]‐hydrogenase confirms the possibility to realize light‐induced H2 evolution.
Effect of crosslinked polycarboxylate superplasticizers with varied structures on cement dispersion performance
Authors: Lin Xiuju , Liao Bing , Li Jialin , Huang Jianheng , Lu Mangeng , Pang Hao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn order to investigate the effect of double bond content in the crosslinkers on the performance of superplasticizers, three different crosslinked polycarboxylate superplasticizers were synthesized herein with various respective crosslinkers. Their impacts on the fluidity, absorption, and hydration behavior of cement systems were studied. The results showed that the polymer, which was synthesized using a crosslinker with four double bonds and five/six double bonds, had higher fluidity and the highest fluidity reached up to 395 mm at W/C of 0.35. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis and hydration heat tests showed that the crosslinked polycarboxylate superplasticizers could prolong the hydration process of cement slurries. Among these three kinds of crosslinked polycarboxylate superplasticizers, the induction period of cement slurry containing the polymer with crosslinker of four double bonds was significantly extended to facilitate the processing of the concrete. The purpose of this study is to provide strategies for studying high‐performance polycarboxylate superplasticizers with novel topological structure.
Comparative liver morphology associated with the hepatosomatic index in five Neotropical anuran species
Authors: Leão Taynara , Siqueira Mayara , Marcondes Sandriely , Franco‐Belussi Lilian , De Oliveira Classius , Fernandes Carlos E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe liver is an important metabolic organ in vertebrates. In anurans, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) reflects differences in energy storage and reproductive activities between males and females. The objective of this study was to describe the histological and histometric parameters of the livers of five species of Neotropical anurans, taking sex‐related differences into account. We also tested how the relationship between quantitative histometric variables and HSI varied between males and females in different species. Five males and five females of Elachistocleis matogrosso, Leptodactylus podicipinus, Lysapsus limellum, Pseudis platensis, and Trachycephalus typhonius were captured in central Brazil during the rainy season. HSI did not vary according to sex, but it varied among species. Elachistocleis matogrosso had the highest HSI due to the large hepatocyte size. The percentage of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) was higher in P. platensis and L. limellum. In T. thyphonius, hepatocyte area was negatively associated with HSI, while the MMC percentages were positively associated with HSI. The liver plays a key role in reproductive activities, especially for species with explosive reproduction. Additionally, histometric patterns and volumetric structural density varied between males and females due to energy utilization for reproduction. Not only are these results important for future studies on hepatic morphophysiology but they also provide tools for evolutionary and phylogenetic studies.
Towards a More Sustainable Lithium‐Ion Battery Future: Recycling LIBs from Electric Vehicles
Authors: Chitre Aniket , Freake Daniel , Lander Laura , Edge Jacqueline , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Electrochemical Science and Engineering at Imperial College London including Titirici Group. The cover picture shows a schematic illustration of batteries recycling. Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/batt.202000146.
Continuing education in biochemistry and molecular biology in industry: A parallel session at the IUBMB/PSBMB 2019 “Harnessing Interdisciplinary Education in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” conference
Authors: Chuang Woei‐Jer , Concepcion Gisela P. , Lin Huixin , Yu Gracia Fe B. , Macaulay Janet 
Published: October 2020

AbstractScience requires that we are always current with research, techniques, and tools but what are the best approaches for continuing education? The presenters in this session described a range of approaches used in universities, government bodies, and industry.
Programmed and Sequential Disassembly of Multi‐responsive Supramolecular Protein Nanoassemblies: A Detailed Mechanistic Investigation
Authors: Bhandari Pavankumar Janardhan , Sandanaraj Britto S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe rational design of a multi‐responsive protein‐based supramolecular system that can predictably respond to more than one stimulus remains an essential but highly challenging goal in biomolecular engineering. Herein, we report a novel chemical method for the construction of multi‐responsive supramolecular nanoassemblies using custom‐designed facially amphiphilic monodisperse protein‐dendron bioconjugates. The macromolecular synthons contain a globular hydrophilic protein domain site‐specifically conjugated to photo‐responsive hydrophobic benzyl‐ether dendrons of different generations through oligo(ethylene glycol) linkers of defined length. The size of the protein nanoassemblies can be systematically tuned by choosing an appropriate dendron or linker of defined length. Exposure of protein nanoassemblies to light results in partial rather than complete disassembly of the complex. The newly formed protein nanoparticle no longer responds to light but could be disassembled into constitutive monomers under acidic conditions or by further treatment with a small molecule. More interestingly, the distribution ratio of the assembled versus disassembled states of protein nanoassemblies after photochemical reaction does not depend on dendron generation, the nature of the linker functionality or the identity of the protein, but is heavily influenced by the linker length. In sum, this work discloses a new chemical method for the rational design of a monodisperse multi‐responsive protein‐based supramolecular system with exquisite control over the disassembly process.
A Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease case misdiagnosed with acute cerebral infarction and review of the literature
Authors: Xu Zhouwei , Zhao Yuwu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt was critical for the clinician to be aware of the neuroimaging and early‐onset symptoms of this fatal neurodegenerative disease, and avoid initiating inappropriate therapy. Neuroimaging plays a key role in differentiating it from other mimics.
Development of ADPribosyl Ubiquitin Analogues to Study Enzymes Involved in Legionella Infection
Authors: Kim Robbert Q. , Misra Mohit , Gonzalez Alexis , Tomašković Ines , Shin Donghyuk , Schindelin Hermann , Filippov Dmitri V. , Ovaa Huib , Đikić Ivan , van der Heden van Noort Gerbrand J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLegionnaires’ disease is caused by infection with the intracellularly replicating Gram‐negative bacterium Legionella pneumophila. This pathogen uses an unconventional way of ubiquitinating host proteins by generating a phosphoribosyl linkage between substrate proteins and ubiquitin by making use of an ADPribosylated ubiquitin (UbADPr) intermediate. The family of SidE effector enzymes that catalyze this reaction is counteracted by Legionella hydrolases, which are called Dups. This unusual ubiquitination process is important for Legionella proliferation and understanding these processes on a molecular level might prove invaluable in finding new treatments. Herein, a modular approach is used for the synthesis of triazole‐linked UbADPr, and analogues thereof, and their affinity towards the hydrolase DupA is determined and hydrolysis rates are compared to natively linked UbADPr. The inhibitory effects of modified Ub on the canonical eukaryotic E1‐enzyme Uba1 are investigated and rationalized in the context of a high‐resolution crystal structure reported herein. Finally, it is shown that synthetic UbADPr analogues can be used to effectively pull‐down overexpressed DupA from cell lysate.
Delivery of the Bioactive Component Paeonol by Dual pH‐Responsive Nanoparticles Enhances Anti‐Metastatic Tumor Efficiency
Authors: Liu Haiting , Li Jian , Shang Yinghui , Zhao Qiangqiang , Wu Bin , Huang Xueyuan , Dong Hang , Gui Rong , Huang Rong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn spite of several treatments involving chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and molecularly targeted agents, patients with metastatic breast cancers (MBCs) usually have a poor prognosis due to the toxic side effects, poor selectivity, and drug resistance of these treatments. Thus, new effective treatments with reduced side effects are needed. Paeonol (Pae), a bioactive phenol, has anti‐tumor activity, but hydrophobicity, poor bioavailability, and instability limit its anti‐tumor effect. To overcome these problems, we constructed a nanoplatform of calcium phosphate (CA‐P) modified with polyacrylic acid (PAA) and loaded with Pae (Pae@CA‐P/PAA NPs). Pae@CA‐P/PAA NPs possess high drug‐loading levels and dual pH‐responsive properties. Because of the weak acidity of the tumor microenvironment (TME), the platform can passively target tumor sites. Compared with free Pae, Pae@CA‐P/PAA NPs effectively inhibited tumor cell growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, the nanoplatform is a promising strategy for the therapy of MBCs.
Quantitative Benefit–Risk Assessment of P‐gp–Mediated Drug–Drug Interactions of Dabigatran Coadministered With Pharmacokinetic Enhancers in Patients With Renal Impairment
Authors: Lingineni Karthik , Farhan Nashid , Kim Sarah , Cristofoletti Rodrigo , Gordon Lori A. , Kumar Parag , Penzak Scott , Hadigan Colleen , George Jomy M. , Brown Joshua D. , Schmidt Stephan 
Published: October 2020

Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) between dabigatran and ritonavir/cobicistat are of major concern in people living with HIV, particularly in those with impaired renal function, because they can result in increased dabigatran exposure and thus an increased risk of major bleeding events. However, the extent of this interaction and subsequent need for dose adjustment in subjects with varying degrees of renal function is currently not yet fully understood. To close this knowledge gap, we conducted an integrated population physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis linking changes in dabigatran exposure due to DDIs and varying degrees of renal function to the probability of experiencing an ischemic stroke or major bleeding event within 1 year. The results of our analysis suggest that coadministration of dabigatran etexilate (dabigatran prodrug) and ritonavir/cobicistat should be avoided in subjects with severe renal impairment. A 2‐hour dose separation or dabigatran etexilate dose reduction to 110 mg b.i.d. (twice daily) should be considered in subjects with moderate renal impairment when coadministered with ritonavir, while the dabigatran etexilate dose should be further reduced to 75 mg b.i.d. when coadministered with cobicistat. No dabigatran etexilate dose adjustment is needed in subjects with normal renal function receiving ritonavir, but dabigatran etexilate dose reduction to 110 mg b.i.d. should be considered when coadministered with cobicistat.
Insights into the genetic basis of predator‐induced response in Daphnia galeata
Authors: Tams Verena , Nickel Jana Helene , Ehring Anne , Cordellier Mathilde 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhenotypic plastic responses allow organisms to rapidly adjust when facing environmental challenges—these responses comprise morphological, behavioral but also life‐history changes. Alteration of life‐history traits when exposed to predation risk have been reported often in the ecological and genomic model organism Daphnia. However, the molecular basis of this response is not well understood, especially in the context of fish predation. Here, we characterized the transcriptional profiles of two Daphnia galeata clonal lines with opposed life histories when exposed to fish kairomones. First, we conducted a differential gene expression, identifying a total of 125 candidate transcripts involved in the predator‐induced response, uncovering substantial intraspecific variation. Second, we applied a gene coexpression network analysis to find clusters of tightly linked transcripts revealing the functional relations of transcripts underlying the predator‐induced response. Our results showed that transcripts involved in remodeling of the cuticle, growth, and digestion correlated with the response to environmental change in D. galeata. Furthermore, we used an orthology‐based approach to gain functional information for transcripts lacking gene ontology (GO) information, as well as insights into the evolutionary conservation of transcripts. We could show that our candidate transcripts have orthologs in other Daphnia species but almost none in other arthropods. The unique combination of methods allowed us to identify candidate transcripts, their putative functions, and evolutionary history associated with predator‐induced responses in Daphnia. Our study opens up to the question as to whether the same molecular signature is associated with fish kairomones‐mediated life‐history changes in other Daphnia species.
Identifying spawning events in fish by observing a spike in environmental DNA concentration after spawning
Authors: Tsuji Satsuki , Shibata Naoki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn understanding of the reproductive biology of aquatic organisms is crucial for the efficient conservation and management of species and/or populations. Nevertheless, conventional spawning surveys such as visual‐ and capture‐based monitoring generally require laborious, time‐consuming work and are subject to monitoring biases such as observer bias, as well as miscounts due to false spawning. In addition, direct capture often damages eggs or individuals. Thus, an efficient noninvasive approach for monitoring spawning events on aquatic species would be a valuable tool to understand their reproductive biology and conserving biodiversity. Here, we proposed an environmental DNA (eDNA)‐based approach for monitoring and understanding spawning events by observing spikes in eDNA concentration after spawning events. We found in hybridization experiment using two medaka species (Oryzias latipes and Oryzias sakaizumii, 1:1 individual per tank) that a spike in eDNA concentration occurred in male species after spawning. Besides, the magnitude of the spike in eDNA concentration was dependent on the number of spawning activities with egg and sperm release. In the field survey during the reproductive season, eDNA concentrations after spawning were 3–25 times higher than before the expected time for spawning. Additionally, there was no spike in eDNA concentration during the non‐reproductive season. Therefore, our results demonstrated that spike in eDNA concentration is mainly caused by the released sperm during spawning events, and it can be used as evidence of spawning in the field survey. The presented approach could be a practical tool for studying reproductive biology and provides an opportunity to design effective conservation and environmental management actions.
Fabrication of a Gold Dual‐microelectrode Patterned on a Silicone Substrate Probe for the Discrimination of Different Tissues
Authors: Ugwah Justina A. , Savage Niall , Messina Walter , Donnell Brian D. O. , O'Sullivan Martin J. , Moore Eric J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA gold dual‐microelectrode probe patterned on a silicon substrate for bio‐impedance measurement was fabricated, characterised and tested on different types of tissues. The aim of this study is to fabricate a device capable of using bioimpedance to discriminate different tissue types. This proof of concept of the device was characterised on meat and a gel/lard phantom which mimics fat and muscle. The initial results demonstrated that the gold dual‐microelectrode probe had excellent electrochemical recording potential. The bio‐impedance data derived was capable of differentiation between biological tissues. Bio‐impedance measurement may enhance cancer diagnostics by providing novel data in relation to cancer and surrounding healthy tissue. This manuscript describes the design, fabrication and validation of a gold dual‐microelectrode bioimpedance sensor with a potential future application in cancer diagnostics.