bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Crab nebula variability at short time-scales with the Cherenkov telescope array
Authors: Mestre E , de Oña Wilhelmi E , Khangulyan D , Zanin R , Acero F , Torres D F 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Since 2009, several rapid and bright flares have been observed at high energies (&gt;100 MeV) from the direction of the Crab nebula. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain this phenomenon, but the origin is still unclear. The detection of counterparts at higher energies with the next generation of Cherenkov telescopes will be determinant to constrain the underlying emission mechanisms. We aim at studying the capability of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) to explore the physics behind the flares, by performing simulations of the Crab nebula spectral energy distribution, both in flaring and steady state, for different parameters related to the physical conditions in the nebula. In particular, we explore the data recorded by Fermi during two particular flares that occurred in 2011 and 2013. The expected GeV and TeV gamma-ray emission is derived using different radiation models. The resulting emission is convoluted with the CTA response and tested for detection, obtaining an exclusion region for the space of parameters that rule the different flare emission models. Our simulations show different scenarios that may be favourable for achieving the detection of the flares in Crab with CTA, in different regimes of energy. In particular, we find that observations with low sub-100 GeV energy threshold telescopes could provide the most model-constraining results.
Simulations of multiple nova eruptions induced by wind accretion in symbiotic systems
Authors: Hillman Yael , Kashi Amit 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We use a combined binary evolution code including dynamical effects to study nova eruptions in a symbiotic system. Following the evolution, over ∼105 yr, of multiple consecutive nova eruptions on the surface of a $1.25\hbox{-}\rm {M_\odot }$ white dwarf (WD) accretor, we present a comparison between simulations of two types of systems. The first is the common, well-known, cataclysmic variable (CV) system in which a main-sequence donor star transfers mass to its WD companion via Roche lobe overflow. The second is a detached, widely separated, symbiotic system in which an asymptotic giant branch donor star transfers mass to its WD companion via strong winds. For the latter we use the Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton prescription along with orbital dynamics to calculate the accretion rate. We use the combined stellar evolution code to follow the nova eruptions of both simulations including changes in mass, accretion rate, and orbital features. We find that while the average accretion rate for the CV remains fairly constant, the symbiotic system experiences distinct epochs of high and low accretion rates. The examination of epochs for which the accretion rates of both simulations are similar shows that the evolutionary behaviors are identical. We obtain that for a given WD mass, the rate that mass is accreted ultimately determines the development, and that the stellar class of the donor is of no significance to the development of novae. We discuss several observed systems and find that our results are consistent with estimated parameters of novae in widely separated symbiotic systems.
fink, a new generation of broker for the LSST community
Authors: Möller Anais , Peloton Julien , Ishida Emille E O , Arnault Chris , Bachelet Etienne , Blaineau Tristan , Boutigny Dominique , Chauhan Abhishek , Gangler Emmanuel , Hernandez Fabio , Hrivnac Julius , Leoni Marco , Leroy Nicolas , Moniez Marc , Pateyron Sacha , Ramparison Adrien , Turpin Damien , Ansari Réza , Allam Jr Tarek , Bajat Armelle , Biswas Biswajit , Boucaud Alexandre , Bregeon Johan , Campagne Jean-Eric , Cohen-Tanugi Johann , Coleiro Alexis , Dornic Damien , Fouchez Dominique , Godet Olivier , Gris Philippe , Karpov Sergey , Nebot Gomez-Moran Ada , Neveu Jérémy , Plaszczynski Stephane , Savchenko Volodymyr , Webb Natalie 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
fink is a broker designed to enable science with large time-domain alert streams such as the one from the upcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). It exhibits traditional astronomy broker features such as automatized ingestion, annotation, selection, and redistribution of promising alerts for transient science. It is also designed to go beyond traditional broker features by providing real-time transient classification that is continuously improved by using state-of-the-art deep learning and adaptive learning techniques. These evolving added values will enable more accurate scientific output from LSST photometric data for diverse science cases while also leading to a higher incidence of new discoveries which shall accompany the evolution of the survey. In this paper, we introduce fink, its science motivation, architecture, and current status including first science verification cases using the Zwicky Transient Facility alert stream.
Reduced Global Genetic Differentiation of Exploited Marine Fish Species
Authors: Gandra Miguel , Assis Jorge , Martins Manuel Ramos , Abecasis David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractKnowledge on genetic structure is key to understand species connectivity patterns and to define the spatiotemporal scales over which conservation management plans should be designed and implemented. The distribution of genetic diversity (within and among populations) greatly influences species ability to cope and adapt to environmental changes, ultimately determining their long-term resilience to ecological disturbances. Yet, the drivers shaping connectivity and structure in marine fish populations remain elusive, as are the effects of fishing activities on genetic subdivision. To investigate these questions, we conducted a meta-analysis and compiled genetic differentiation data (FST/ΦST estimates) for more than 170 fish species from over 200 published studies globally distributed. We modeled the effects of multiple life-history traits, distance metrics, and methodological factors on observed population differentiation indices and specifically tested whether any signal arising from different exposure to fishing exploitation could be detected. Although the myriad of variables shaping genetic structure makes it challenging to isolate the influence of single drivers, results showed a significant correlation between commercial importance and genetic structure, with widespread lower population differentiation in commercially exploited species. Moreover, models indicate that variables commonly used as proxy for connectivity, such as larval pelagic duration, might be insufficient, and suggest that deep-sea species may disperse further. Overall, these results contribute to the growing body of knowledge on marine genetic connectivity and suggest a potential effect of commercial fisheries on the homogenization of genetic diversity, highlighting the need for additional research focused on dispersal ecology to ensure long-term sustainability of exploited marine species.
Genome-wide investigation of the dynamic changes of epigenome modifications after global DNA methylation editing
Authors: Broche Julian , Kungulovski Goran , Bashtrykov Pavel , Rathert Philipp , Jeltsch Albert 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Chromatin properties are regulated by complex networks of epigenome modifications. Currently, it is unclear how these modifications interact and if they control downstream effects such as gene expression. We employed promiscuous chromatin binding of a zinc finger fused catalytic domain of DNMT3A to introduce DNA methylation in HEK293 cells at many CpG islands (CGIs) and systematically investigated the dynamics of the introduced DNA methylation and the consequent changes of the epigenome network. We observed efficient methylation at thousands of CGIs, but it was unstable at about 90% of them, highlighting the power of genome-wide molecular processes that protect CGIs against DNA methylation. Partially stable methylation was observed at about 1000 CGIs, which showed enrichment in H3K27me3. Globally, the introduced DNA methylation strongly correlated with a decrease in gene expression indicating a direct effect. Similarly, global but transient reductions in H3K4me3 and H3K27ac were observed after DNA methylation but no changes were found for H3K9me3 and H3K36me3. Our data provide a global and time-resolved view on the network of epigenome modifications, their connections with DNA methylation and the responses triggered by artificial DNA methylation revealing a direct repressive effect of DNA methylation in CGIs on H3K4me3, histone acetylation, and gene expression.
The CONJUDOR pipeline for multiplexed knockdown of gene pairs identifies RBBP-5 as a germ cell reprogramming barrier in C. elegans
Authors: Kazmierczak Marlon , Farré i Díaz Carlota , Ofenbauer Andreas , Herzog Sergej , Tursun Baris 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Multiple gene activities control complex biological processes such as cell fate specification during development and cellular reprogramming. Investigating the manifold gene functions in biological systems requires also simultaneous depletion of two or more gene activities. RNA interference-mediated knockdown (RNAi) is commonly used in Caenorhabditis elegans to assess essential genes, which otherwise lead to lethality or developmental arrest upon full knockout. RNAi application is straightforward by feeding worms with RNAi plasmid-containing bacteria. However, the general approach of mixing bacterial RNAi clones to deplete two genes simultaneously often yields poor results. To address this issue, we developed a bacterial conjugation-mediated double RNAi technique ‘CONJUDOR’. It allows combining RNAi bacteria for robust double RNAi with high-throughput. To demonstrate the power of CONJUDOR for large scale double RNAi screens we conjugated RNAi against the histone chaperone gene lin-53 with more than 700 other chromatin factor genes. Thereby, we identified the Set1/MLL methyltransferase complex member RBBP-5 as a novel germ cell reprogramming barrier. Our findings demonstrate that CONJUDOR increases efficiency and versatility of RNAi screens to examine interconnected biological processes in C. elegans with high-throughput.
Implementation Intentions to Reduce Smoking: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Hagerman Charlotte J , Hoffman Rebecca K , Vaylay Sruthi , Dodge Tonya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Implementation intentions are a goal-setting technique in which an individual commits to perform a particular behavior when a specific context arises. Recently, researchers have begun studying how implementation intention (II) interventions can facilitate antismoking efforts. The current systematic review synthesized results of experimental studies that tested the effect of an II intervention on smoking cognitions and behavior. Of 29 reviewed articles, 11 studies met inclusion criteria. Nine studies (81.8%) tested an II intervention as a cessation tool for current smokers, whereas two tested II interventions as a tool to prevent smoking among predominantly nonsmoking adolescents. A majority of the studies (66.7%) testing II interventions as a cessation tool reported a positive effect on cessation at long-term follow-up. Of the two studies testing II interventions as a tool for prevention, one study found a positive effect on long-term follow-up. Methodology varied between the studies, highlighting the discrepancies between what researchers consider “implementation intentions” to be. II interventions are a promising tool for antismoking efforts, but more research is necessary to determine the best methodology and the populations for whom this intervention will be most effective.

Implications
Brief, free, and easily scalable, II interventions to prevent smoking are highly attractive for antismoking efforts. This review outlines the circumstances under which II interventions have demonstrated effectiveness in helping people resist smoking cigarettes. We illuminate gaps in the existing literature, limitations, methodological discrepancies between studies, and areas for future study.
Which blood cutoff value should be used for vitamin A deficiency in children aged 3–10 years? A systematic review
Authors: Collese Tatiana S , Norde Marina M , Nascimento-Ferreira Marcus V , Kim Hanseul , Marchioni Dirce M , Carvalho Heráclito B , Giovannucci Edward 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Context
Blood cutoff values for vitamin A deficiency in children aged 3–10 years have not been addressed in the literature.

Objective
To identify blood retinol concentrations for determining severe vitamin A deficiency in children aged 3–10 years.

Data Sources
The MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched.

Data Extraction
Two reviewers independently extracted article data and assessed quality.

Data Analysis
The hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic models were applied for the diagnostic accuracy meta-analysis. This review is registered at PROSPERO (identifier: CRD42020149367).

Results
A total of 15 articles met the eligibility criteria, and 9 were included in the diagnostic accuracy meta-analysis. The summary estimates (95%CI) were: Sensitivity, 0.39 (0.20–0.62); specificity, 0.79 (0.65–0.88); positive likelihood ratio, 1.85 (1.33–2.57); and negative likelihood ratio, 0.77 (0.60–0.99). The area under the curve of the overall analysis was 0.68 (95%CI 0.63–0.72).

Conclusions
Blood retinol concentrations have low diagnostic accuracy for severe vitamin A deficiency in children aged 3–10 years. Therefore, there is unclear evidence about the preferable cutoff point for determining severe vitamin A deficiency in children in this age group.
Psb35 Protein Stabilizes the CP47 Assembly Module and Associated High-Light Inducible Proteins during the Biogenesis of Photosystem II in the CyanobacteriumSynechocystissp. PCC6803
Authors: Pascual-Aznar Guillem , Konert Grzegorz , Bečkov� Martina , Kotabov� Eva , Gardian Zdenko , Knoppov� Jana , Bučinsk� Lenka , Kaňa Radek , Sobotka Roman , Komenda Josef 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhotosystem II (PSII) is a large membrane protein complex performing primary charge separation in oxygenic photosynthesis. The biogenesis of PSII is a complicated process that involves a coordinated linking of assembly modules in a precise order. Each such module consists of one large chlorophyll (Chl)-binding protein, number of small membrane polypeptides, pigments and other cofactors. We isolated the CP47 antenna module from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and found that it contains a 11-kDa protein encoded by the ssl2148 gene. This protein was named Psb35 and its presence in the CP47 module was confirmed by the isolation of FLAG-tagged version of Psb35. Using this pulldown assay, we showed that the Psb35 remains attached to CP47 after the integration of CP47 into PSII complexes. However, the isolated Psb35-PSIIs were enriched with auxiliary PSII assembly factors like Psb27, Psb28-1, Psb28-2 and RubA while they lacked the lumenal proteins stabilizing the PSII oxygen-evolving complex. In addition, the Psb35 co-purified with a large unique complex of CP47 and photosystem I trimer. The absence of Psb35 led to a lower accumulation and decreased stability of the CP47 antenna module and associated high-light-inducible proteins but did not change the growth rate of the cyanobacterium under the variety of light regimes. Nevertheless, in comparison with WT, the Psb35-less mutant showed an accelerated pigment bleaching during prolonged dark incubation. The results suggest an involvement of Psb35 in the life cycle of cyanobacterial Chl-binding proteins, especially CP47.
Adaptation or Exploration? Understanding Older Workers’ Plans for Post-Retirement Paid and Volunteer Work
Authors: van Solinge Hanna , Damman Marleen , Hershey Douglas A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Numerous investigations have sought to understand the types of individuals who engage in post-retirement work. However, little is known about why older adults are motivated to engage. The aim of the present article is to examine the extent to which two possible mechanisms—adaptation (adjusting to the loss of work role) and exploration (retirement as opportunity to engage in activities in line with personal values)—play a role in explaining planning for paid work or volunteering after retirement. Analyses are based on large-scale survey data collected in 2015 among older workers in the Netherlands (N = 6,278). Results show that the large majority of older Dutch workers have plans for post-retirement paid and/or volunteer work. Moreover, both mechanisms appear to contribute to the understanding of post-retirement work plans, yet in different ways. Specifically, older workers who expect to miss latent work functions are more likely to have plans for post-retirement work, with their general values guiding the type of work they gravitate toward. Having plans for post-retirement paid work was more prevalent among older workers who attached more importance to personal growth, whereas having plans for volunteer work was more prevalent among older workers who had a stronger social orientation. Moreover, results suggest that men, more often than women, translate the anticipated loss of latent work functions into plans for post-retirement paid work. These insights regarding the motivational antecedents of post-retirement work plans are highly relevant in light of policy discussions of active and healthy aging.
Moderators of the Effect of Spinal Manipulative Therapy on Pain Relief and Function in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: de Zoete Annemarie , de Boer Michiel R. , Rubinstein Sidney M. , van Tulder Maurits W. , Underwood Martin , Hayden Jill A. , Buffart Laurien M. , Ostelo Raymond 
Published: November 2020

Study Design.
Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to identify which participant characteristics moderate the effect of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) on pain and functioning in chronic LBP.

Summary of Background.
The effects of SMT are comparable to other interventions recommended in guidelines for chronic low back pain (LBP); however, it is unclear which patients are more likely to benefit from SMT compared to other therapies.

Methods.
IPD were requested from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effect of SMT in adults with chronic LBP for pain and function compared to various other therapies (stratified by comparison). Potential patient moderators (n = 23) were a priori based on their clinical relevance. We investigated each moderator using a one-stage approach with IPD and investigated this interaction with the intervention for each time point (1, 3, 6, and 12 months).

Results.
We received IPD from 21 of 46 RCTs (n = 4223). The majority (12 RCTs, n = 2249) compared SMT to recommended interventions. The duration of LBP, baseline pain (confirmatory), smoking, and previous exposure to SMT (exploratory) had a small moderating effect across outcomes and follow-up points; these estimates did not represent minimally relevant differences in effects; for example, patients with <1 year of LBP demonstrated more positive point estimates for SMT versus recommended therapy for the outcome pain (mean differences ranged from 4.97 (95% confidence interval, CI: −3.20 to 13.13) at 3 months, 10.76 (95% CI: 1.06 to 20.47) at 6 months to 5.26 (95% CI: –2.92 to 13.44) at 12 months in patients with over a year LBP. No other moderators demonstrated a consistent pattern across time and outcomes. Few moderator analyses were conducted for the other comparisons because of too few data.

Conclusion.
We did not identify any moderators that enable clinicians to identify which patients are likely to benefit more from SMT compared to other treatments.

Level of Evidence: 2
Intravenous Immunoglobulin Plus Methylprednisolone Mitigate Respiratory Morbidity in Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Sakoulas George , Geriak Matthew , Kullar Ravina , Greenwood Kristina L. , Habib MacKenzie , Vyas Anuja , Ghafourian Mitra , Dintyala Venkata Naga Kiran , Haddad Fadi 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
Dysregulated neutrophil and platelet interactions mediate immunothrombosis and cause lung injury in coronavirus disease 2019. IV immunoglobulin modulates neutrophil activation through FcγRIII binding. We hypothesized that early therapy with IV immunoglobulin would abrogate immunothrombosis and improve oxygenation and reduce progression to mechanical ventilation in coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia.

Design:
Prospective randomized open label.

Setting:
Inpatient hospital.

Patients and Intervention:
Hypoxic subjects with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia were randomized 1:1 to receive standard of care plus IV immunoglobulin 0.5 g/kg/d with methylprednisolone 40 mg 30 minutes before infusion for 3 days versus standard of care alone.

Main Results:
Sixteen subjects received IV immunoglobulin and 17 standard of care. Median ages were 51 and 58 years for standard of care and IV immunoglobulin, respectively. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Charlson comorbidity scores were similar for IV immunoglobulin and standard of care. Seven standard of care versus two IV immunoglobulin subjects required mechanical ventilation (p = 0.12, Fisher exact test). Among subjects with A-a gradient of greater than 200 mm Hg at enrollment, the IV immunoglobulin group showed: 1) a lower rate of progression to requiring mechanical ventilation (2/14 vs 7/12, p = 0.038 Fisher exact test), 2) shorter median hospital length of stay (11 vs 19 d, p = 0.01 Mann Whitney U test), 3) shorter median ICU stay (2.5 vs 12.5 d, p = 0.006 Mann Whitey U test), and 4) greater improvement in Pao
2/Fio
2 at 7 days (median [range] change from time of enrollment +131 [+35 to +330] vs +44·5 [–115 to +157], p = 0.01, Mann Whitney U test) than standard of care. Pao
2/Fio
2 improvement at day 7 was significantly less for the standard of care patients who received glucocorticoid therapy than those in the IV immunoglobulin arm (p = 0.0057, Mann Whiney U test).

Conclusions:
This pilot study showed that IV immunoglobulin significantly improved hypoxia and reduced hospital length of stay and progression to mechanical ventilation in coronavirus disease 2019 patients with A-a gradient greater than 200 mm Hg. A phase 3 multicenter randomized double-blinded clinical trial is under way to validate these findings.