bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The inositol polyphosphate kinase Ipk1 transcriptionally regulates mitochondrial functions in Candida albicans
Authors: Zhu Hangqi , Zhu Nali , Peng Liping , Zhang Bing , Yu Qilin , Li Mingchun 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Inositol polyphosphates (IPs) is an important family of signaling molecules that regulate multiple cellular processes, such as chromatin remodeling, transcription and mRNA export. Inositol polyphosphate kinases, as the critical enzymes for production and transformation of IPs, directly determine the intracellular levels of IPs and therefore are involved in many cellular processes. However, its roles in Candida albicans, the leading fungal pathogen in human beings, remain to be investigated. In this study, we identified the inositol polyphosphate kinase Ipk1 in C. albicans and found that it localizes in the nucleus. Moreover, in the ipk1Δ/Δ mutant, the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and the mitochondrial function was severely impaired, which were associated with down-regulation of mitochondrial function-related genes revealed by transcription profiling analysis. The ipk1Δ/Δ mutant also displayed hypersensitivity to a series of environmental stresses, such as antifungal drugs, oxidants, cell wall perturbing agents and macrophage attacks, followed by attenuation of virulence in a mouse systematic infection model. These findings firstly reported the importance of inositol polyphosphate kinase Ipk1 in C. albicans, especially its role in mitochondrial function maintenance and pathogenicity.
Comparison of linear regression, k-nearest neighbour and random forest methods in airborne laser-scanning-based prediction of growing stock
Authors: Cosenza Diogo N , Korhonen Lauri , Maltamo Matti , Packalen Petteri , Strunk Jacob L , Næsset Erik , Gobakken Terje , Soares Paula , Tomé Margarida 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this study, for five sites around the world, we look at the effects of different model types and variable selection approaches on forest yield modelling performances in an area-based approach (ABA). We compared ordinary least squares regression (OLS), k-nearest neighbours (kNN) and random forest (RF). Our objective was to test if there are systematic differences in accuracy between OLS, kNN and RF in ABA predictions of growing stock volume. The analyses are based on a 5-fold cross-validation at five study sites: an eucalyptus plantation, a temperate forest and three different boreal forests. Two completely independent validation datasets were also available for two of the boreal sites. For the kNN, we evaluated multiple measures of distance including Euclidean, Mahalanobis, most similar neighbour (MSN) and an RF-based distance metric. The variable selection approaches we examined included a heuristic approach (for OLS, kNN and RF), exhaustive search among all combinations (OLS only) and all variables together (RF only). Performances varied by model type and variable selection approaches among sites. OLS and RF had similar accuracies and were more efficient than any of the kNN variants. Variable selection did not affect RF performance. Heuristic and exhaustive variable selection performed similarly for OLS. kNN fared the poorest amongst model types, and kNN with RF distance was prone to overfitting when compared with a validation dataset. Additional caution is therefore required when building kNN models for volume prediction though ABA, being preferable instead to opt for models based on OLS with some variable selection, or RF with all variables together.
It Is Time to Resolve the Direct Care Workforce Crisis in Long-Term Care
Authors: Scales Kezia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Nearly 4.6 million direct care workers—including personal care aides, home health aides, and nursing assistants—provide daily support to older adults and people with disabilities across a range of settings in the United States, predominantly in long-term care (LTC). Even as the population grows older and drives up demand for LTC, the sector continues its decades-long struggle to fill direct care positions and stabilize this essential workforce. Recent events and emerging trends have converged, however, to produce new opportunities to address this longstanding workforce crisis, including the unprecedented attention generated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the systemic shifts to managed care and value-based payment in LTC. This Forum article outlines the pressing direct care workforce challenges in LTC before describing these potential levers of change, emphasizing the importance of not just expanding the workforce but also maximizing direct care workers’ contributions to the delivery of high-quality services for a growing and evolving population of LTC consumers.
Applied Functional Biology: Linking Ecological Morphology to Conservation and Management
Authors: McElroy Eric J , Sustaita Diego , McBrayer Lance D 
Published: August 2020

SynopsisMany researchers work at the interface of organisms and environment. Too often, the insights that organismal, or functional, biologists can bring to the understanding of natural history, ecology, and conservation of species are overlooked. Likewise, natural resource managers are frequently focused on the management of populations and communities, while ignoring key functional traits that might explain variation in abundance and shifts in species composition at these ecological levels. Our intention for this symposium is two-fold: (1) to bring to light current and future research in functional and ecological morphology applicable to concerns and goals of wildlife management and conservation and (2) to show how such studies can result in measurable benchmarks useful to regulatory agencies. Symposium topics reveal past, present, and future collaborations between functional morphologists/biomechanists and conservation/wildlife biologists. During the SICB 2020 Annual Meeting, symposium participants demonstrated how data gathered to address fundamental questions regarding the causes and consequences of organismal form and function can also help address issues of conservation and wildlife management. Here we review how these, and other, studies of functional morphology, biomechanics, ecological development morphology and performance can inform wildlife conservation and management, principally by identifying candidate functional traits that have clear fitness consequences and population level implications.
Is disrupted sleep a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease? Evidence from a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Anderson Emma L , Richmond Rebecca C , Jones Samuel E , Hemani Gibran , Wade Kaitlin H , Dashti Hassan S , Lane Jacqueline M , Wang Heming , Saxena Richa , Brumpton Ben , Korologou-Linden Roxanna , Nielsen Jonas B , Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Abecasis Gonçalo , Coulthard Elizabeth , Kyle Simon D , Beaumont Robin N , Tyrrell Jessica , Frayling Timothy M , Munafò Marcus R , Wood Andrew R , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Howe Laura D , Lawlor Deborah A , Weedon Michael N , Davey Smith George 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
It is established that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients experience sleep disruption. However, it remains unknown whether disruption in the quantity, quality or timing of sleep is a risk factor for the onset of AD.

Methods
We used the largest published genome-wide association studies of self-reported and accelerometer-measured sleep traits (chronotype, duration, fragmentation, insomnia, daytime napping and daytime sleepiness), and AD. Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to estimate the causal effect of self-reported and accelerometer-measured sleep parameters on AD risk.

Results
Overall, there was little evidence to support a causal effect of sleep traits on AD risk. There was some suggestive evidence that self-reported daytime napping was associated with lower AD risk [odds ratio (OR): 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50–0.99). Some other sleep traits (accelerometer-measured ‘eveningness’ and sleep duration, and self-reported daytime sleepiness) had ORs of a similar magnitude to daytime napping, but were less precisely estimated.

Conclusions
Overall, we found very limited evidence to support a causal effect of sleep traits on AD risk. Our findings provide tentative evidence that daytime napping may reduce AD risk. Given that this is the first MR study of multiple self-report and objective sleep traits on AD risk, findings should be replicated using independent samples when such data become available.
Effects of inoculation of corn silage with Lactobacillus hilgardii and Lactobacillus buchneri on silage quality, aerobic stability, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance of growing beef cattle
Authors: Nair Jayakrishnan , Huaxin Niu , Andrada Estefanía , Yang Hee-Eun , Chevaux Eric , Drouin Pascal , McAllister Tim A , Wang Yuxi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of inoculation of whole crop corn silage with a mixture of heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) composed of Lactobacillus hilgardii and Lactobacillus buchneri on ensiling, aerobic stability, ruminal fermentation, total tract nutrient digestibility, and growth performance of beef cattle. Uninoculated control corn silage (CON) and silage inoculated with 3.0 × 105 cfu g−1 of LAB containing 1.5 × 105 cfu g−1 of L. hilgardii CNCM I-4785 and 1.5 × 105 cfu g−1 of L. buchneri NCIMB 40788 (INOC) were ensiled in silo bags. The pH did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) between the two silages during ensiling but was greater (P &lt; 0.001) for CON than INOC after 14 d of aerobic exposure (AE). Neutral detergent insoluble crude protein (NDICP) content (% of DM and % of CP basis) of terminal INOC silage was greater (P ≤ 0.05) than that of CON. In terminal silage, concentrations of total VFA and acetate were greater (P &lt; 0.001), while water-soluble carbohydrates were lower (P &lt; 0.001) for INOC than CON. Yeast and mold counts were lower for INOC than CON (P ≤ 0.001) in both terminal and aerobically exposed silages. The stability of INOC was greater (P &lt; 0.001) than that of CON after 14 d of AE. Ruminal fermentation parameters and DMI did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) between heifers fed the two silages, while there was a tendency (P ≤ 0.07) for lower CP and starch digestibility for heifers fed INOC than CON. Total nitrogen (N) intake and N retention were lower (P ≤ 0.04) for heifers fed INOC than CON. Dry matter intake as a percentage of BW was lower (P &lt; 0.04) and there was a tendency for improved feed efficieny (G:F; P = 0.07) in steers fed INOC vs. CON silage. The NEm and NEg contents were greater for INOC than CON diets. Results indicate that inoculation with a mixture of L. hilgardii and L. buchneri improved the aerobic stability of corn silage. Improvements in G:F of growing steers fed INOC silage even though the total tract digestibility of CP and starch tended to be lower for heifers fed INOC are likely because the difference in BW and growth requirements of these animals impacted the growth performance and nutrient utilization and a greater proportion of NDICP in INOC than CON.
Explaining the Limits of the WTO in Shaping the Rule of Law in China
Authors: Du Ming , Kong Qingjiang 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
When China acceded to the World Trade Organization in 2001, pundits were enthusiastic about the prospect that China’s World Trade Organization membership would boost international trade, encourage China’s restructuring toward a market economy, discipline the domestic legal system, and strengthen the rule of law in China. More recently, however, serious concerns have been raised regarding China’s record on the rule of law. The first National Security Strategy report issued by the Trump Administration in December 2017 claimed that China’s increased participation in the liberal international economic system had not effectuated China’s deeper engagement with, or respect for, the rule of law.
The purpose of this article is to take a critical look at the two contrasting narratives on the impact of the World Trade Organization on China’s rule of law construction over the past two decades. It concludes that, although the World Trade Organization has played a positive role in advancing the rule of law in China, such a role has long been exaggerated. Accordingly, we provide an account of why the World Trade Organization has failed to play a catalyst role in instituting the rule of law in China widely expected in the western world.
Methods for Surveying Stable Fly Populations
Authors: Taylor David B , Harrison Kyle , Zhu Junwei J 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStable flies are among the most important pests of livestock throughout much of the world. Their painful bites induce costly behavioral and physiological stress responses and reduce productivity. Stable flies are anthropogenic and their population dynamics vary depending on agricultural and animal husbandry practices. Standardized sampling methods are needed to better identify the factors controlling stable fly populations, test novel control technologies, and determine optimal management strategies. The current study reviewed methods used for a long-term study of stable fly population dynamics in the central Great Plains. An additional study compared the relative size of flies sampled from the general population with that of flies sampled emerging from substrates associated with livestock production. Flies developing in livestock associated substrates are significantly larger than those in the general population indicating that other types of developmental sites are contributing significant numbers of flies to the general population. Because efforts to identify those sites have yet to be successful, we speculate that they may be sites with low densities of developing stable flies, but covering large areas such as croplands and grasslands. The stable fly surveillance methods discussed can be used and further improved for monitoring stable fly populations for research and management programs.
Hedging Demand in Long-Term Asset Allocation with an Application to Carry Trade Strategies
Authors: Laborda Ricardo , Olmo Jose 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We derive a closed-form expression for the mean and marginal hedging demand on risky assets in long-term asset allocation problems for individuals with constant relative risk aversion preferences. Our parametric portfolio policy rule accommodates an arbitrarily large number of state variables for predicting the state of nature and number of assets in the portfolio. The closed-form expression for the hedging demand is exact under polynomial specifications of the portfolio policy rule and a suitable approximation for unknown smooth parametric portfolio policy rules using Taylor expansions. The hedging demand on risky assets depends positively on the predictability of the risky asset and the persistence of the predictors, and negatively on the degree of investor’s relative risk aversion. We illustrate these insights empirically for a basket of currencies by showing the outperformance of rebalancing carry trade strategies over different investment horizons against a short-term (myopic) portfolio.
Safety of total body irradiation using intensity-modulated radiation therapy by helical tomotherapy in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a prospective pilot study
Authors: Konishi Tatsuya , Ogawa Hiroaki , Najima Yuho , Hashimoto Shinpei , Wada Atsushi , Adachi Hiroto , Konuma Ryosuke , Kishida Yuya , Nagata Akihito , Yamada Yuta , Kaito Satoshi , Mukae Junichi , Marumo Atsushi , Noguchi Yuma , Toya Takashi , Igarashi Aiko , Kobayashi Takeshi , Ohashi Kazuteru , Doki Noriko , Karasawa Katsuyuki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Total body irradiation using intensity-modulated radiation therapy total body irradiation (IMRT-TBI) by helical tomotherapy in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) allows for precise evaluation and adjustment of radiation dosage. We conducted a single-center pilot study to evaluate the safety of IMRT-TBI for allo-HSCT recipients. Patients with hematological malignancies in remission who were scheduled for allo-HSCT with TBI-based myeloablative conditioning were eligible. The primary endpoint was the incidence of adverse events (AEs). Secondary endpoints were engraftment rate, overall survival, relapse rate, non-relapse mortality, and the incidence of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD and cGVHD, respectively). Between July 2018 and November 2018, ten patients were recruited with a median observation duration of 571 days after allo-HSCT (range, 496–614). D80% for planning target volume (PTV) in all patients was 12.01 Gy. Average D80% values for lungs, kidneys and lenses (right/left) were 7.50, 9.03 and 4.41/4.03 Gy, respectively. Any early AEs (within 100 days of allo-HSCT) were reported in all patients. Eight patients experienced oral mucositis and gastrointestinal symptoms. One patient experienced Bearman criteria grade 3 regimen-related toxicity (kidney and liver). All cases achieved neutrophil engraftment. There was no grade III–IV aGVHD or late AE. One patient died of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome 67 days after allo-HSCT. The remaining nine patients were alive and disease-free at final follow-up. Thus, IMRT-TBI was well tolerated in terms of early AEs in adult patients who underwent allo-HSCT; this warrants further study with longer observation times to monitor late AEs and efficacy.
Maternal and Infant Outcomes After Different Methods of Umbilical Cord Management
Authors: Rabe H. , Andersson O. 
Published: August 2020

(JAMA. 2019;322:1864–1865)
Immediate umbilical cord clamping after delivery had been the standard of care until more recent data suggested that volume expansion could lead to better outcomes in preterm infants. Accordingly, in 2014 the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended delaying cord clamping and cutting for at least 60 seconds for preterm infants and 1 to 3 minutes for term infants. This recommendation was based on evidence that the delay would allow placental transfusion to take place, thus improving neonatal outcomes such as higher iron values and improved neurodevelopmental outcomes. Since then, additional studies have been conducted that add to the knowledge around umbilical cord interventions, including 2 studies that were published in the same issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association upon which this editorial is written.
Labor Pain, Analgesia, and Postpartum Depression: Are We Asking the Right Questions?
Authors: Lim G. , Levine M.D. , Mascha E.J. , Wasan A.D. 
Published: August 2020

(Anesth Analg. 2020;130:610–614)
The major life events of pregnancy and postpartum recovery are known to be capable of triggering depression, anxiety, and adjustment disorders. As acute pain has also been linked to depression (as a risk factor for persistent postsurgical pain), questions have been raised regarding labor pain, epidural analgesia (EDA), and their link to depression. The authors of the above study interpreted findings of a longitudinal cohort study (which comprised 1503 pregnant women in Sweden) by utilizing conceptual path analysis. The analysis held Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale of ≥12 at 6 weeks postpartum as the primary outcome, with the use of EDA as the primary predictor of interest. A directed acyclic graph was used to assess the relationship between EDA and postpartum depression (PPD), as this type of diagram displays all variables of interest and their hypothesized relationships (with a stipulation of unidirectional relationships indicating causation in the direction of the arrow).
Lumbar Neuraxial Procedures in Thrombocytopenic Patients Across Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bauer M.E. , Toledano R.D. , Houle T. , Beilin Y. , MacEachern M. , McCabe M. , Rector D. , Cooper J.P. , Gernsheimer T. , Landau R. , Leffert L. 
Published: August 2020

(J Clin Anesth. 2020;61:109666)
Presently, there is no agreement among experts in regards to the safe minimum threshold platelet count for lumbar neuraxial anesthetic procedures, as there are limited data available on neuraxial anesthetic procedures performed on thrombocytopenic patients. During cesarean deliveries, there are important maternal and fetal factors and side effects to consider when choosing to administer general anesthesia rather than neuraxial anesthesia. Because more data on spinal epidural hematoma are needed, Bauer and colleagues conducted this systematic review to assemble reported lumbar neuraxial procedures (lumbar puncture; spinal, epidural, or combined spinal-epidural analgesia/anesthesia; epidural catheter removal) from various thrombocytopenic populations to bring some clarity to the risk of spinal epidural hematoma.
Long-term Cognition and Behavior in Children Born at Early-Term Gestation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nielsen T.M. , Pedersen M.V. , Milidou I. , Glavind J. , Henriksen T.B. 
Published: August 2020

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2019;98:1227–1234)
Infants that are born between 37 and 38 weeks gestation carry higher risk of neonatal morbidity in comparison to infants born at or after 39 weeks gestation, and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has designated infants born at 37+0 weeks through 38+6 weeks as “early-term.” This is a change from the previously held belief that all “term” infants (infants born after 37+0 wk gestation) are similar in development. Recent studies have suggested that late-preterm children (born from 34+0 and 36+6 wk) are more likely to have academic challenges and behavioral problems, although the evidence provided is not definitive. Nielsen and collegues conducted this systematic review to thoroughly examine the literature on the differences between early-term children compared with full-term children in long-term cognitive, educational, and behavioral outcomes.
Human Uterine Transplantation: A Review of Outcomes From the First 45 Cases
Authors: Jones B.P. , Saso S. , Bracewell-Milnes T. , Thum M.Y. , Nicopoullos J. , Diaz-Garcia C. , Friend P. , Ghaem-Maghami S. , Testa G. , Johannesson L. , Quiroga I. , Yazbek J. , Smith J.R. 
Published: August 2020

(BJOG. 2019;126:1310–1319)
Women with absolute uterine factor infertility (AUFI) cannot conceive or sustain pregnancy due to a dysfunctional uterus or absence of a uterus. Because adoption and surrogacy both have many limitations, researchers have developed uterine transplantation (UTx) as a potential solution for women with AUFI to conceive and deliver a genetically related child. After the first live birth following UTx occurred in 2014, obstetric researchers have published studies and collected detailed information on 45 different transplant cases, including 9 live births. This review compiles the data and outcomes from these 45 cases to note trends and make recommendations for best care practices.
Preeclampsia Causing Severe Maternal Morbidity—A National Retrospective Review of Preventability and Opportunities for Improved Care
Authors: MacDonald E.J. , Lepine S. , Pledger M. , Geller S.E. , Lawton B. , Stone P. 
Published: August 2020

(Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2019;59:825–830)
Preeclampsia complicates 3% to 8% of all pregnancies and is a major cause of mortality and morbidity for both mother and baby. Pregnancy-related severe maternal morbidity (SMM) is often preventable. As a result, there have been worldwide efforts to identify preventable factors of SMM with the goal of improving patient outcomes. A national preventability review of SMM in New Zealand between 2013 and 2015 found 23.3% of SMM cases admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) or high-dependency units (HDUs) involved preeclampsia. This study aimed to analyze the cohort of women from that study who had severe preeclampsia to identify factors associated with preventability and develop strategies to improve care.