bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expulsion Intensity Monitoring and Modeling in Resistance Spot Welding Based on Electrode Displacement Signals
Authors: Xia Yu-Jun , Shen Yan , Zhou Lang , Li Yong-Bing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Weld expulsion is one of the most common welding defects during the resistance spot welding (RSW) process, especially for high strength steels (HSS). In order to control and eventually eliminate weld expulsion in production, accurate assessment of the expulsion severity should be the first step and is urgently required. Among the existing methods, real-time monitoring of RSW-related process signals has become a promising approach to actualize the online evaluation of weld expulsion. However, the inherent correlation between the process signals and the expulsion intensity is still unclear. In this work, a commonly used process signal, namely, the electrode displacement and its instantaneous behavior when expulsion occurs are systematically studied. Based upon experiments with various electrodes and workpieces, a nonlinear correlation between the weight of expelled metal and the sudden displacement drop accompanied by the occurrence of weld expulsion is observed, which is mainly influenced by electrode tip geometry but not by material strength or sheet thickness. The intrinsic relationship between this specific signal feature and the magnitude of expulsion is further explored through geometrical analysis, and a modified analytical model for online expulsion evaluation is finally proposed. It is shown that the improved model could be applied to domed electrodes with different tip geometries and varying workpieces ranging from low carbon steel to HSS. The error of expulsion estimation could be limited within ±20.4 mg (±2σ) at a 95% confidence level. This study may contribute to the online control of weld expulsion to the minimum level.
3D Printing of Flexible and Stretchable Parts Using Multiwall Carbon Nanotube/Polyester-Based Thermoplastic Polyurethane
Authors: Stan Felicia , Stanciu Nicoleta-Violeta , Constantinescu Adriana-Madalina , Fetecau Catalin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper reports on the 3D printing of flexible and stretchable parts based on multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/polyester-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposites. The rheological properties of the WCNT/TPU nanocomposites with different wt% of MWCNTs (0.1–3) were determined and used as guidance for the extrusion and 3D printing processes. MWCNT/TPU filaments were extruded and used for 3D printing of different flexible and stretchable parts. The mechanical, electrical, and piezoresistive response of the MWCNT/TPU nanocomposite filaments and 3D printed parts under static and monotonic loading was studied. The experimental results show that with increasing temperature and shear rate, respectively, the shear viscosity of the MWCNT/TPU nanocomposite decreases, whereas the viscosity increases with increasing wt% of MWCNTs. With the addition of MWCNTs, the elastic modulus and tensile strength of the feedstock filament all increase, enhancing the printability of TPU by increasing the buckling resistance and the stability of the 3D printed layer. The electrical conductivity of the 3D printed MWCNT/TPU nanocomposites increases with increasing wt% of MWCNTs and exceeds the conductivity of the filaments. The 3D printed MWCNT/TPU nanocomposites with 3 wt% show an electrical conductivity about 10 S/m, irrespective of the printing direction. Moreover, the 3D printed MWCNT/TPU nanocomposites exhibit good mechanical properties and high piezoresistive sensitivity with gauge factor (50–600) dependent on both strain and printing direction.
A Vibration-Assisted Separation Method for Constrained-Surface-Based Stereolithography
Authors: Xu Yang , Zhu Yizhen , Sun Yifeng , Jin Jie , Chen Yong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
For the bottom-up based stereolithography (SL) process, a separation process is required to detach the newly cured layer from the constrained surface in the fabrication process. Excessive separation force will cause damage to the built layers and the constrained surface. Different surface coatings, platform motions including tilting and sliding, and the utilization of oxygen-permeable films have been developed to address the separation-related problems. Among these approaches, the vibration-assisted (VA) separation method to reduce the separation force has limited study. The underlying mechanism of the VA separation-based method remains unexplored, and the best way to use VA separation in the bottom-up based SL process is still unclear. In this paper, a new VA separation design for the SL process is presented. A prototype system was built to study the VA separation mechanism. Experiments on the separation performance under different parameters, including vibration frequency, pre-stress level, and exposure area, were conducted. Based on the collected separation force data, an analytical model based on the mechanics of fatigue fracture was built. The separation behaviors related to different shape size and topology were also studied and compared. The results showed that the separation force in SL was significantly reduced using the VA separation-based method. Furthermore, the relationship between the separation force and the separation time conforms to the stress-based fatigue model. This study also provides insights on how to choose process parameters by considering the trade-offs between separation force and building efficiency.
Diagnostic value of lymphopaenia and elevated serum ACE in patients with uveitis
Authors: Cotte Philippine , Pradat Pierre , Kodjikian Laurent , Jamilloux Yvan , Seve Pascal 
Published: September 2020

AimTo evaluate the diagnostic worth of elevated serum ACE (sACE) and lymphopaenia, singly or combined, in diagnosing sarcoid uveitis.MethodsMonocentric retrospective study, on a cohort of 996 adult patients referred to our department between March 2001 and December 2018 for a diagnostic work-up of uveitis. The sensitivity (SE), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the two biomarkers were calculated in different contexts.ResultsEight hundred and sixty-eight patient cases were reviewed. The mean age at uveitis onset was 49.4 (±18.6) years. Of them, 144 patients had a diagnosis of sarcoid uveitis. An elevated sACE had SE of 45.8%, Sp of 88.8%, PPV of 44.9% and NPV of 89.2% in diagnosing sarcoid uveitis. For lymphopaenia, SE was 15.3%, Sp was 96.7%, PPV was 47.8% and NPV was 85.2%. For the combination of elevated sACE and lymphopaenia, SE was 18.9%, Sp was 99.0%, PPV was 73.9% and NPV was 89.5%. The value of this combination varied according to patient age at diagnosis plus anatomoclinical entities: for patients aged ≤50 years, SE was 31.3%, Sp was 99.7%, PPV was 90.9% and NPV was 94.3%. For granulomatous uveitis, SE was 26.2%, Sp was 97.3%, PPV was 73.3% and NPV was 82.5%.ConclusionA combination of elevated serum ACE and lymphopaenia more convincingly suggests sarcoid uveitis than these investigational tests used alone, especially in patients with granulomatous uveitis, while a lack of these markers corresponds to a high NPV.Trial registration numberNCT03863782.
An intervention to optimise coach-created motivational climates and reduce athlete willingness to dope (CoachMADE): a three-country cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ntoumanis Nikos , Quested Eleanor , Patterson Laurie , Kaffe Stella , Backhouse Susan H , Pavlidis George , Whitaker Lisa , Barkoukis Vassilis , Smith Brendan J , Staff Helen R , Gucciardi Daniel F 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesCoach-centred antidoping education is scarce. We tested the efficacy of a motivationally informed antidoping intervention for coaches, with their athletes’ willingness to dope as the primary outcome.MethodsWe delivered a cluster randomised controlled trial in Australia, the UK and Greece. This study was a parallel group, two-condition, superiority trial. Participants were 130 coaches and 919 athletes. Coaches in the intervention group attended two workshops and received supplementary information to support them in adopting a motivationally supportive communication style when discussing doping-related issues with their athletes. Coaches in the control condition attended a standard antidoping workshop that provided up-to-date information on antidoping issues yet excluded any motivation-related content. Assessments of willingness to dope (primary outcome) and other secondary outcomes were taken at baseline, postintervention (3 months) and at a 2-month follow up.ResultsCompared with athletes in the control group, athletes in the intervention group reported greater reductions in willingness to take prohibited substances (effect size g=0.17) and psychological need frustration (g=0.23) at postintervention, and greater increases in antidoping knowledge (g=0.27) at follow-up. Coaches in the intervention group reported at postintervention greater increases in efficacy to create an antidoping culture (g=0.40) and in perceived effectiveness of need supporting behaviours (g=0.45) to deal with doping-related situations. They also reported greater decreases in doping attitudes (g=0.24) and perceived effectiveness of need thwarting behaviours (g=0.35).ConclusionsAntidoping education programmes should consider incorporating principles of motivation, as these could be beneficial to coaches and their athletes. We offer suggestions to strengthen these programmes, as most of the effects we observed were not sustained at follow-up.Trial registration numberThis trial has been registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371465&isReview=true).
Systematic evaluation of olfaction in patients with hereditary cystic kidney diseases/renal ciliopathies
Authors: Dahmer-Heath Mareike , Schriever Valentin , Kollmann Sabine , Schleithoff Carolin , Titieni Andrea , Cetiner Metin , Patzer Ludwig , Tönshoff Burkhard , Hansen Matthias , Pennekamp Petra , Gerß Joachim , Konrad Martin , König Jens 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundHereditary cystic kidney diseases such as nephronophthisis, polycystic kidney disease and Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) are caused by a dysfunction of primary cilia. Cilia are involved in a variety of cellular functions and perceptions, with one of them being the sense of smell. Hyposmia is a typical feature found in patients with BBS. However, reports of olfactory dysfunction in other cystic kidney diseases are sparse. Here we provide a systematic survey on olfaction in a large cohort of patients displaying genetically determined renal ciliopathies.MethodsWe performed a match-controlled systematic olfactory evaluation in a group of 75 patients with a defined genetic background using age adapted and validated odour identification tests.ResultsTest results revealed a significant olfactory deficit in patients carrying TMEM67 variants (n=4), while all other genetic disorders causing nephronophthisis (n=25) or polycystic kidney disease (n=18) were not associated with an impaired sense of smell. Also in patients with BBS, olfactory performance was depending on the underlying molecular defect. While defects in the BBS1 gene (n=9) had no impact on the sense of smell, all other BBS gene disorders (n=19) were associated with significant hyposmia. Noteworthy, there was no correlation of the olfactory deficit with the level of renal impairment.ConclusionHyposmia is a part of the clinical spectrum of BBS and of other renal ciliopathies. Depending on the genetic background, clinicians should be aware of this subtle and so far underappreciated symptom when clinically assessing patients with BBS or TMEM67 gene variants.
Assessment of mismatch repair deficiency in ovarian cancer
Authors: Crosbie Emma J , Ryan Neil A J , McVey Rhona J , Lalloo Fiona , Bowers Naomi , Green Kate , Woodward Emma R , Clancy Tara , Bolton James , Wallace Andrew J , McMahon Raymond F , Evans D Gareth 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundHereditary causes of ovarian cancer include Lynch syndrome, which is due to inherited pathogenic variants affecting one of the four mismatch repair genes involved in DNA repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate tumour mismatch repair deficiency and prevalence of Lynch syndrome in high-risk women referred to the Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine with ovarian cancer over the past 20 years.MethodsWomen with ovarian cancer diagnosed before the age of 35 years and/or with a suggestive personal or family history of Lynch syndrome cancers underwent tumour testing with immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair deficiency and, where indicated, MLH1 promoter methylation testing followed by constitutional testing for Lynch syndrome.ResultsIn total, 261 ovarian cancers were tested and 27 (10.3%; 95% CI 6.9% to 14.7%) showed mismatch repair deficiency by immunohistochemistry. Three of 7 with MLH1 loss showed MLH1 promoter hypermethylation, and 18 of the remaining 24 underwent constitutional testing for Lynch syndrome. A further 15 women with mismatch repair proficient tumours underwent constitutional testing because of a strong family history of Lynch syndrome cancers. Pathogenic variants were identified in 9/33 (27%) women who underwent constitutional testing, aged 33–59 years (median 48 years), including one whose tumour was mismatch repair proficient. Most Lynch syndrome tumours were of endometrioid histological subtype.ConclusionsTumour mismatch repair deficiency identified by immunohistochemistry is a useful prescreen for constitutional testing in women with ovarian cancer with personal or family histories suggestive of Lynch syndrome.
Chronic inflammatory axonal polyneuropathy
Authors: Oh Shin J , Lu Liang , Alsharabati Mohammad , Morgan Marla B , King Peter 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesChronic inflammatory axonal polyneuropathy (CIAP) is defined on the basis of the clinical, electrophysiological and nerve biopsy findings and therapeutic responses of ‘immunotherapy responding chronic axonal polyneuropathy (IR-CAP)’.MethodsThe diagnosis of IR-CAP was made when all of three of the following mandatory criterion were met: (1) acquired, chronic progressive or relapsing symmetrical or asymmetrical polyneuropathy with duration of progression >2 months; (2) electrophysiological evidence of axonal neuropathy in at least two nerves without any evidence of ‘strict criteria of demyelination’; and (3) definite responsiveness to immunotherapy.ResultsThirty-three patients with IR-CAP showed similar clinical features of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) except ‘motor neuropathy subtype’. High spinal fluid protein was found in 27/32 (78%) cases. ‘Inflammatory axonal neuropathy’ was proven in 14 (45%) of 31 sural nerve biopsies.DiscussionsIR-CAP could well be ‘axonal CIDP’ in view of clinical similarity, but not proven as yet. Thus, IR-CAP is best described as CIAP, a distinct entity that deserves its recognition in view of responsiveness to immunotherapy.ConclusionDiagnosis of CIAP can be made by additional documentation of ‘inflammation’ by high spinal fluid protein or nerve biopsy in addition to the first two diagnostic criteria of IR-CAP.
In vivo neuroinflammation and cerebral small vessel disease in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Low Audrey , Mak Elijah , Malpetti Maura , Passamonti Luca , Nicastro Nicolas , Stefaniak James D , Savulich George , Chouliaras Leonidas , Su Li , Rowe James B , Markus Hugh S , O'Brien John T 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionAssociations between cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and inflammation have been largely examined using peripheral blood markers of inflammation, with few studies measuring inflammation within the brain. We investigated the cross-sectional relationship between SVD and in vivo neuroinflammation using [11C]PK11195 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.MethodsForty-two participants were recruited (according to NIA-AA guidelines, 14 healthy controls, 14 mild Alzheimer’s disease, 14 amyloid-positive mild cognitive impairment). Neuroinflammation was assessed using [11C]PK11195 PET imaging, a marker of microglial activation. To quantify SVD, we assessed white matter hyperintensities (WMH), enlarged perivascular spaces, cerebral microbleeds and lacunes. Composite scores were calculated for global SVD burden, and SVD subtypes of hypertensive arteriopathy and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). General linear models examined associations between SVD and [11C]PK11195, adjusting for sex, age, education, cognition, scan interval, and corrected for multiple comparisons via false discovery rate (FDR). Dominance analysis directly compared the relative importance of hypertensive arteriopathy and CAA scores as predictors of [11C]PK11195.ResultsGlobal [11C]PK11195 binding was associated with SVD markers, particularly in regions typical of hypertensive arteriopathy: deep microbleeds (β=0.63, F(1,35)=35.24, p<0.001), deep WMH (β=0.59, t=4.91, p<0.001). In dominance analysis, hypertensive arteriopathy score outperformed CAA in predicting [11C]PK11195 binding globally and in 28 out of 37 regions of interest, especially the medial temporal lobe (β=0.66–0.76, t=3.90–5.58, FDR-corrected p (pFDR)=<0.001–0.002) and orbitofrontal cortex (β=0.51–0.57, t=3.53–4.30, pFDR=0.001–0.004).ConclusionMicroglial activation is associated with SVD, particularly with the hypertensive arteriopathy subtype of SVD. Although further research is needed to determine causality, our study suggests that targeting neuroinflammation might represent a novel therapeutic strategy for SVD.
Effect of age and baseline ASPECTS on outcomes in large-vessel occlusion stroke: results from the HERMES collaboration
Authors: Ospel Johanna Maria , Kappelhof Manon , Kashani Nima , Menon Bijoy K , Campbell Bruce C V , San Roman Luis , Demchuk Andrew M , Dippel Diederik W J , Saver Jeffrey L , Jovin Tudor G , Mitchell Peter , Bracard Serge , Muir Keith , White Phil , Guillemin Francis , Majoie Charles B L M , Hill Michael D , Brown Scott , Goyal Mayank 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundPatient age and baseline Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score (ASPECTS) are both independent predictors of outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with endovascular therapy (EVT). We assessed the combined effect of age and ASEPCTS on clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients with LVO with and without EVT, and EVT treatment effect in different age/ASPECTS subgroups.MethodsThe HERMES collaboration pooled data of seven randomized controlled trials that tested the efficacy of EVT. Adjusted logistic regression was performed to test for multiplicative interaction of age and ASPECTS with the primary outcome (ordinal mRS) and secondary outcomes (mRS 0–2/0–1/0–3) in the EVT and control arms. Patients were then stratified by age (<75 vs ≥ 75 years) and ASPECTS (0–5/6–7/8–10), and adjusted effect-size estimates for the association of EVT were derived for the six age/ASPECTS subgroups.Results1735 patients were included in the analysis. There was no multiplicative interaction between age and ASPECTS on clinical outcomes. In the exploratory subgroup analysis, we found a nominally negative point estimate for the association of EVT with clinical outcome in the ASPECTS 0–5/age ≥75, subgroup (acOR 0.36, 95% CI 0.07 to 1.89). The point estimate for moderate outcome (mRS0-3) nominally favored EVT (aOR 1.24, 95% CI 0.16 to 9.84). In all other subgroups, effect size-estimates consistently favored EVT.ConclusionThere was no multiplicative interaction of age and ASPECTS on clinical outcomes in EVT or control arm patients. Outcomes in patients ≥75 years with ASPECTS 0–5 were poor, irrespective of treatment. Further investigation to define the role of EVT and range of acceptable outcomes in this subgroup is warranted.
How does job dissatisfaction interact with self-rated health in determining the risk of health-related job loss? Prospective findings from the Health and Employment After Fifty (HEAF) study
Authors: D'Angelo Stefania , Syddall Holly , Ntani Georgia , Harris E Clare , Linaker Cathy , Cooper Cyrus , Stevens Martin , Walker-Bone Karen 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesHealth and job satisfaction are key independent determinants of ability to work to older ages. We investigated the interaction of these two important factors on health-related job loss (HRJL) over 2 years of follow-up comparing male and female older workers.MethodsA population sample of adults aged 50–64 years, recruited from 24 English general practices in the Health and Employment After Fifty (HEAF) study, completed questionnaires at baseline with follow-ups at 12 and 24 months. Multiple-record Cox proportional hazards models were performed to explore the main effects of, and potential interactions between, job satisfaction and self-rated health (SRH) as predictors of time to first HRJL.ResultsOf the initial 8134 participants, 5143 were ever in work in the study period. Among men, 5.7% and 14.3% reported job dissatisfaction (those in good and poor SRH, respectively), while among women these percentages were 4.6 and 12.9. HRJL was reported by 106 men and 176 women. Men in good health dissatisfied with their job had a sixfold (HR=6.4; 95% CI 3.3 to 12.4) increased risk of HRJL compared with men satisfied with their job (significant multiplicative interaction). Women dissatisfied with their job were more likely to have an HRJL within 2 years of follow-up irrespective of their SRH.ConclusionsSRH and job dissatisfaction have important individual effects on the risk of stopping work for health among older workers. These findings point to the importance of job satisfaction in reducing health-related exit from paid work among older workers.
Prognostic nomogram for patients with minor stroke and transient ischaemic attack
Authors: Lei Zhihao , Li Shuanglin , Feng Hongye , Lai Yupeng , Zhou Yanxia , Li Chao , Ren Lijie 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundIschaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA) share a common cause. We aim to develop and validate a concise prognostic nomogram for patients with minor stroke and TIA.MethodsA total of 994 patients with minor stroke and TIA were included. They were split into a derivation (n=746) and validation (n=248) cohort. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores 3 months after onset were used to assess the prognosis as unfavourable outcome (mRS≥2) or favourable outcome (mRS&lt;2).ResultThe final model included seven independent predictors: gender, age, baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, white blood cell and serum uric acid. The Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) of the nomogram for predicting the outcome was 0.775 (95% CI 0.735 to 0.814), which was confirmed by the validation cohort (C-index=0.787 (95% CI 0.722 to 0.853)). The calibration curve showed that the nomogram-based predictions were consistent with actual observation in both derivation cohort and validation cohort.ConclusionThe proposed nomogram showed favourable predictive accuracy for minor stroke and TIA. This has the potential to contribute to clinical decision-making.