bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women in Igbo traditional religion and politics: prospects for women’s political leadership role in Nigeria
Authors: Muonwe Michael 
Published: November 2020

The struggle for political visibility, participation, and leadership of women has been a recurrent issue in all societies, including the most developed democracies. Whereas an appreciable improvement has been recorded in many western countries, Africa still ranks low generally as far as gender inclusivity in political leadership is concerned. Some scholars on Igbo society and culture cling to the popular opinion of blaming this scenario on colonialism. Such scholars usually paint an image of an ideal, precolonial, egalitarian Igbo society where women were more or less accorded more political and leadership space than in the present. In their opinion, reclaiming the past is a sure way to better gender inclusivity in politics. This paper is designed to interrogate critically such images of the past Igbo society. The author approaches the paper with the belief that such romantic view of the past, if not cautiously guided and critically appraised, may well result in nostalgia for a past that never was. The paper aims at hermeneutical-critical reading of women’s visibility and/or invisibility in the pre-colonial Igbo political leadership landscape, with the view of presenting a possible link of the present situation with the past, as well as tracing from this a path for the future of women’s political visibility, participation, and leadership in Nigeria.
Keywords: Igbo, women, politics, leadership, colonialism
Sound leadership: a tool for harnessing the educational and economic values of indigenous languages
Authors: Ugochukwu Chinweude N. 
Published: November 2020

Africa is one of the world’s richest continents laden with tangible and intangible natural resources. Despite the wealth of natural resources, many African citizens are still living in great penury, frustration and hopelessness. Striving to provide solution to the challenges of poverty in Africa may hold no water without the recognition of the role and impact of indigenous languages in the educational and economic sectors. It is observed that developed countries ardently project, preserve, protect, promote and commodify their languages for educational and economic purposes while developing countries lack the political will to do the same for their indigenous languages, hence the failure to harness the values thereof. The paper argues that the diverse and dynamic indigenous language heritage is an enabling resource for developing communities to actively participate in the knowledge economy and initiate development within their communities themselves. The knowledge economy is the economic part of the information society in which the creation and utilization of knowledge play a principal role in the creation of wealth. African leadership must strive to enable most of the indigenous languages to become the instruments of work and scientific understanding. The study argues that with the right leadership, the educational and economic values of indigenous languages can be harnessed.
Keywords: Sound leadership, educational, economic, indigenous languages
Ilu Igbo: Igosipụta Ọnọdụ Ụmụnwaanyị n’ọkwa Ọchịchị n’ala Igbo
Authors: Umezi Patrick Ikenna 
Published: November 2020

Nchọcha a bụ maka Ilu Igbo: Igosipụta ọnọdụ ụmụnwaanyị n’ọkwa ọchịchị n’ala Igbo. Ihe nwanchọcha bu n’obi bụ izipụta etu ndị Igbo si eji ilu dị iche iche ha ji achọ okwu mma ezipụta na ụmụnwaanyị enweghi ọnọdụ n’ọchịchị n’ala Igbo. Nkụ dị na mba na-eghere mba nri. Ndị Igbo na-esi n’ilu dị iche iche were ezipụtaomenala ha. A bị a n’ala Igbo, ụmụnwaanyị bụ ndị a na-eleda anya nke ukwuu n’ihe gbasara ọnọdụ ọchịchị obodo dị iche iche. Odee nyochara ọnọdụ ọchịchị n’ala Igbo bido n’oge ochie ruo ugbu a; o mere ka o doo anya na n’agbanyeghị na usoro ọchịchị Bekee mere ka onye ọbụla nwee nhatanha ọnụokwu n’usoro ọchịchị mba ọbụla, ọ ka bụ ihe siri ike ugbu a nwaanyị ijide ọkwa ọchịchị n’ala Igbo. Ihe ndị a na-apụta ihe site n’ilu ndị Igbo ji ekwu okwu. Ụfọdụ ilu ndị ahụ bụ ndị a: Nwaanyị lerịa di ya, ike akpọọ ya nkụ., Ụbọchị di nwaanyị nwụrụ ka ọnụ mmiri okwu ya gwụrụ. Odee gara n’ihu wee jụọ ihe a ga-eme iji hụ na onye ọbụla nwere nhatanha ọnụokwu n’ọchịchị ododo dị iche iche. Ka o sila dị, ọ kọwapụtara na e nweela mgbanwo pụtatra ihe n’etu ndị Igbo si elegara ụmụnwaanyị anya n’ihe gbasara ọchịchị . Nke a pụtara na ụmụnwaanyị ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abanye n’ọkwa ọchịchị dị iche iche ugbu a.
English Abstract
Igbo Proverbs: X -Ray of the position of women in leadership position in Igboland. The writer intends to manifest how the Igbos use their proverbs to show that women have no chance in Igbo leadership position. The research was guided by transformational theory of leadership. The researcher traced the history of Igboleadership system from the time prior to the advent of the colonial masters till the present age. It was discovered that the Igbos look down on women when it comes to major decision making. They manifest this attitude through the proverbs they use in their daily conversations. Some of those proverbs are Nwaanyị lerịa di ya, ike akpọọ ya nkụ.(If a woman kooks down on her husband she would have a dry buttocks) Ụbọchị di nwaanyị nwụrụ ka ọnụ mmiri okwu ya gwụrụ. (whenever a woman loses her husband, she loses her speep saliva). However, it was noticed that in the present age, women are gradually being recognized in decision making process among the Igbos. He finally advocates that gender should not prevent peoples’ participation in leadership. Every person should be equal before the law. As such, women should not be excluded from leadership position among the Igbo.
Nigerian politicians and the leadership question in Emeka Nwabueze’s A Parliament of Vultures and Alex Asigbo’s The Reign of Paschal Amusu
Authors: Iroh Emmanuel O. 
Published: November 2020

African countries have consistently been involved in civil unrest, political instability, threats of secession, selection instead of election as well as rigging of elections, sit tight leaders and many more malaise. Despite the fact that Africa is blessed with enough human, material and natural resources, yet most of these resources have been grossly mismanaged or fretted away by her leaders who have refused to rise above board. The aim of the research is to portray the efforts of our dramatists in exposing the machinations of our leaders in their quest to retain power and acquire wealth to the detriment of the masses. The objectives of the study is to expose some these devices and enlighten the public on the schemes of their leaders and politicians who pretend to be serving the public whilein the real sense are enriching themselves while impoverishing the masses as well as to expose the different ways in which these heinous crime against the people are perpetrated. The research adopted the qualitative methodology and a context analysis approach of two drama texts of Emeka Nwabueze and Alex Asigbo. The findings show that politicians adopt many tactics to fulfill their selfish and inordinate ambitions to the detriment of the nation which this paper sets to interrogate. The paper therefore concludes that drama has continued to be a potent tool in exposing societal ills. The study recommends conscientization and reawaking of national consciousness of both the leaders and the general public.
Keywords: Leaders, Politicians, Dramatists, Masses
Security challenges and leadership in Africa, 1960-2019
Authors: Chukwu James C. , Anachunam Chinelo Chizoba 
Published: November 2020

There is need to develop a new approach towards understanding behind the prevailing level of insecurity in Africa. The continent is in the grip of various destructive forces that are coalescing to give it a failed – status toga. The current state of insecurity in most African countries is a manifestation of deep-rooted and structurally entrenched crisis of development that creates the environment for the emergence of conditions of poverty, unemployment, and inequality in those countries. These in turn, lead to frustration, alienation and, ultimately, social discontent that spark violence and insecurity. Without the enabling environment, these conditions could not have metamorphosed into serious national security problem threatening to tear the countries apart. Although Africa may appear to be failing, the trends leading to this situation are reversible, if seriously proactive and sustained measures could be adopted by African leaders. Policymakers have the duty to arrest this drift through social justice and development. It is on this backdrop that this paper examines this core issues on security challenges and leadership in Africa. The work also highlighted the linkage between development and security in Africa. The work also adopted secondary sources of data such as books, journal articles, newspapers and internet sources. Also used was the historical approach in its analysis. Reports obtained from these sources formed the bulk of this Research’s tool of assessment.
Keywords: Security, Challenges, Leadership, Development, Africa
From Holy workers to profiteers in Luke 20:9-16: the waning values of Christian leadership in Nigeria
Authors: Uyovwieyovwe Isiorhovoja Osbert 
Published: November 2020

The paper examines the biblical underpinnings of virtues that should characterised Christian leadership as stewards. The gradual disappearance of these qualities is evidenced in the cheap exchange of the cherished tradition on the altar of mammon. This phenomenon has had its toll on some religious leaders, who unknowingly have goofed from being holy workers to profiteers in God’s vineyard. The paper adopts expository approach and critical interpretation of the texts. It discovers that while some leaders have remained faithful as God’s servants, others have indulge in the habit of making merchandise of the gospel; bearing ulterior motive as holy profiteers looking for every opportunity to maximise personal gains with caution thrown to the wind. This attitude has not only brought shame and disrespect but disrepute to their persons. Consequently, we have leaders who are depraved indulging in all kinds of vices with unworthy behaviours, such as commercialisation of the gospel, half-baked doctrines and falsification geared towards self-enrichment and woeful threefold manifestation of lust towards wine, women and wealth. The paper therefore concludes by calling on religious leaders to borrow leaf from the life of Prophet Amos who adopted a total denunciation of social evil, rebuking those in political offices sternly without compromise as well as Apostle Paul who set aside all other benefits for the sake of knowing Him, who laboured diligently and earned fame with self-contentment. To shun all forms of undue entanglement with worldly affairs, to seek the face of God and play the prophetic and intercessory roles on behalf of the people which is the primary assignment of holy workers thereby restoring the dignity of leadership and the beauty of the vocation.
Keywords: Holyworker, profiteer, mammon, contentment, virtues
Bush allowance and alienation: a challenge to African leadership and development in Kaine Agary’s Yellow-Yellow
Authors: Ezenwa-Ohaeto Ngozi , Ezeugo Toochukwu John 
Published: November 2020

African countries have experienced various forms of alienation both from natural occurrences and human forces. Environmental hazards have displaced some people from their parents and their ancestral homes. On the other hand, exploitation, privatization and uneven distribution of natural resources of the people by few privileged individuals, especially the politicians, have also alienated the people from their environment. Attempt to agitate or these factors of displacement and alienation often leads to a compromise and reliance on meager allocation of bush allowance which serves as compensation to the people. It is no doubt that this denial of collective participation of people in decision, especially as it concerns their welfare and natural minerals, has contributed to poor leadership and under development of Africa amidst her abundant resources. The alienation of people from decision has become some sort of abortion of dreams and suppression/ obliteration of ingenuity capable of transformation and development. This study is a qualitative research which seeks to textually explore the concept of bush allowance and alienation in Agary’s Yellow-Yellow in order to examine the extent they affect leadership quality and development in Africa, especially in Niger-delta of Nigeria. To do this the principle of Eco-centrism and the theory of Empowerment are used as analytical models as well as theoretical framework. Findings revealed that exploitation of natural minerals by those in authority has more adverse effects on the people than the environmental forces. The alienation of people from the decision making process creates imbalance and violence in society which deter development especially in Africa. This study also shows that over dependence in bush allowance affects self development and empowerment. The study therefore concludes that the development of a people is in their hands.
Keywords: Bush allowance, leadership, alienation, development, Yellow-Yellow
The role of music in leadership: a case study of the governance of Imo State from 2011-2019
Authors: Ojukwu Ebele Veronica , Abiakwu Chima Albert 
Published: November 2020

It is almost resulting to overemphasis to state that music is as old as man, since it is close to impossible to picture a particular time when nature did not furnish man and his society with music. It is equally safe to opine that ever since the need arose for humanity to exist in society as against isolationism, leadership has been present in various shades and with varying degrees of opposition and acceptance. In all civilizations and societies past and present, there has always been a both covert and overt relationship of interdependency between music and leadership since the duo have a common objective which is to better humanity and make the human society efficient, safe and productive. In line with the facts above, this article unveiled the numerous roles which music has played in leadership and vice versa, using their relationship as seen in the governance of Imo State from 2011-2019 as case study. The method used, involved both personal observations of the author as an active member of this society, analysis of the works of some socio-political commentators, analysis of the activities, associations and alliances forged by some political and economic leaders of this society under study, presentation, interpretation and analysis of some musical tracks which have had swaying effects on the trajectory of leadership and the reactions of the masses to these songs. The study discovered that aside the entertainment function of music in this society, it was a strong determinant factor for the ways by which leaders related with the masses and vice versa and was also very instrumental in determining the level of acceptance which the masses conferred on their leaders. The author concluded this study by recommending that political and economic leaders should build on this relationship and partner with musicians to chart a path for functional, efficient and more rewarding humanity.
Keywords: Music, Musician, Leadership, Governance, Imo State
The value of good liturgical music
Authors: Achikeh Cordis-Mariae , Umeugochukwu Raphael 
Published: November 2020

It is disturbing that in recent times, the worshiping community in the capacity of some church ministers, composers and musicians have deviated from the specifications of liturgical music even as recommended by Vatican Council II (The Constitution of The Sacred Liturgy). Also misunderstood and misappropriated is the idea of inculturation that permits composers in different countries to write music using the language of the locality as well as the indigenous instruments. This is partly due to inadequate enlightenment and training on the part of the liturgical music practitioners on the real meaning of liturgical music. A lot ofproblems have come up from these misconceptions and misinterpretations which include but a few making noise in place of music, negligence of the core features of liturgical music ranging from little or no attention to the solemn nature of the liturgy to relevance for some unimaginable selfish interests. In remedying these challenges, the researcher has made lots of recommendations. One of them is that the practitioners of liturgical music be exposed through seminars and workshops to relevant church documents on liturgical music from time to time. It is necessary and most pertinent that the church retains its solemnity in worship as against the recent mediocrity which has come to envelop the liturgical music making practices. The great value of good liturgical music needs to be sustained.
Keywords: Liturgical Music, Gregorian Chant, Sacred Polyphony, Instrumental Music, Catholic Church, Liturgical Musician, Choir, Congregation
Human rights and leadership in Africa: the Nigerian connection in Buhari Administration
Authors: Azuakor Okwuchukwu 
Published: November 2020

Human Rights are moral norms or principles which describe certain standards of human behaviour. These rights are regarded under municipal and international law as natural and legal entitlements of all individuals and are thus protected. Such rights include right to life, right to social security, right to freedom of thought, right to freedom of speech, right to religious freedom, right to private property, right to democracy, right to gainful employment, etc. The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights lists 30 of such rights. The Nigerian constitution also covers human rights. But leadership in Africa has many times been faced with issues of abuse of human rights; Nigeria not being an exception. This paper is interested in investigating the extent to which these rights have been respected or abused in Africa, but with special focus on Nigeria, and the Buhari administration as the special interest. The theoretical framework is the historical and the tools of enquiry are the critical, the analytical and expository. Recommendations include: evolution of solid political ideology of leadership couched on service for Africa by Africans, demolition of the cankerworm of tribalism in Africa/Nigeria, the elimination of religious fanaticism, education in ideal humanity from earliest childhood, etc.
Keywords: Human Rights, Africa, Nigeria, leadership, Buhari administration
Data Cleansing Strategies on Data Sets Become Data Science
Authors: Sardjono Sardjono , Alamsyah R. Yadi Rakhman , Marwondo Marwondo , Setiana Elia 
Published: November 2020

The digital era very grows up with the increasing using of smartphone and many organization or companies was implemented of a system to support their business. That is who will increase the volume of usage and dissemination of data, neither through open nor closed internet networks. Because there is the need to process large data and how to get it from different store resource, so requirement strategy to process the data according to the rule of good, effective and efficient in activity data cleansing until the data set can be use as mature and very useful information for their business purpose. By using the R languaged who can process large data and has data complexity for the data loaded from different storage resource can be done as well as. To using R languaged maximally, so we have to a basic skill that needed to process the data set which will be used to be data scient for organizations or companies by good data cleansing techniques. In this research on Data Cleansing Strategies on data set owned by organizations,will describe the correct step by step to obtaining data that very useful to be uses as data science for organization so by the data that generated after the data cleansing process is very meaningful and useful for making decisions, other than that this research give basic overview and guide to the beginner all data scientists by doing data cleansing in the way stages and also provides a way to analyze from the result of execution some functions used.
Beliefs and knowledge of Osteoporosis amongst female graduate students in Karachi, Pakistan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shaheera Kamal  , Syed Muhammad Mubeen  , Sufiyan Kamal  , Syed Muhammad Mubashir  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: To assess the knowledge, belief and preventive measures taken regarding osteoporosis by students of different non-medical educational backgrounds.
Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March, 2018, at one private-sector and two public-sector universities in Karachi, and comprised female participants aged >15 years from engineering, commerce, social and pure sciences background. Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool questionnaire was self-administered to collect data which was analysed using SPSS 23.
Results: There were 400 females with a mean age of 20.55±1.66 years. The overall mean score was 46.49±12.83 and 43(10.8) subjects had a good score, 204(51%) had an average score and 150(37%) had a poor score regarding knowledge about osteoporosis. Also, 186(47%) subjects identified previous studies as their source about osteoporosis, 103(26%) gained knowledge by health professionals and 62(16%) did it through electronic media. The knowledge on risk factors, protective factors and perceived susceptibility were significant (p<0.05) when compared by type of study and age.
Conclusion: The knowledge of the disease was found to be insufficient, indicating need for generating awareness regarding osteoporosis.
Key Words: Osteoporosis, Bone loss, Age-related, women, Post-menopausal. Continuous...
Status of chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in Pakistan
Authors: Salman Imtiaz  , Ashar Alam  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rising all over the world. Developing countries like Pakistan will be most affected due to the prevalence of risk factors associated with CKD, such as diabetes, hypertension, kidney stone, and infections. Chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) is an emerging CKD recently recognised in agricultural communities all around the world. CKDu is recognised, mostly in men between 20 and 50 years of age, with no symptoms, having normal or borderline elevated blood pressure with normal blood glucose levels. Their ultrasonography manifests small kidneys. Urine examinations reveal no or minimal proteinuria, few red blood cells and leukocytes. The actual prevalence in Pakistan is unknown but it is not infrequent for nephrologists and physicians to see these patients in hospitals. There is a need to look into this entity at the community level.
Continuous...