bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What’s That You Say? Communication Breakdowns and Their Repairs in Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
Authors: Fitzpatrick Erin , Squires Bonita , Kay-Raining Bird Elizabeth 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Conversational fluency is important to form meaningful connections and relationships with the people around us but is understudied in children who are deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH). Communication breakdowns reduce conversational fluency. They occur when a speaker says something that interrupts the flow of conversation requiring a request for clarification or confirmation from their listener to repair the misunderstanding. Young children who are D/HH are at risk of more frequent communication breakdowns and fewer successful repairs than children with typical hearing (The missing link in language development of deaf and hard of hearing children: Pragmatic language development. Seminars in Speech and Language, 33 (04), 297–309). About 14 children who were D/HH aged 7–12 year and 15 children with typical hearing were matched on chronological age. Comparisons of the number and duration of communication breakdowns, requests for repair, and responses to requests used by children in a 10-min conversation with an adult were completed. Results showed that while children who were D/HH demonstrated some differences, they were more similar to their typically hearing peers in communication breakdowns and repairs than previously reported in the literature.
Climate, insurance and innovation: the case of drought and innovations in drought-tolerant traits in US agriculture
Authors: Miao Ruiqing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of crop insurance on agricultural innovation (namely, drought-tolerant traits) in the context of climate change. A conceptual framework is developed to model the market equilibrium of agricultural innovations. Hypotheses derived are then tested by using data for US agriculture. We find that the US agricultural sector responds to climate variation by increasing innovation activities, but this response is weakened by subsidised crop insurance by about 23 per cent. This indicates that crop insurance may have an unintended crowding-out effect as an option of risk management and may inhibit societies’ long-run capacity to adapt to climate change.
What Signals Do Employers Use When Hiring? Evidence from a Survey Experiment in the Apprenticeship Market
Authors: Fossati Flavia , Wilson Anna , Bonoli Giuliano 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
How do employers use different types of signals—that is, information believed to be associated with productivity—when hiring apprentices? We use a survey experiment in Switzerland—a country with a well-developed dual training system—to study employers’ hiring behaviour. The results reveal that whenever possible, employers resort to direct signals, i.e. information such as educational credentials and aptitude test scores, when making hiring decisions. However, in contexts of high uncertainty, notably, when candidates’ profiles convey ambiguous signals, they are more likely to use probabilistic signals, such as socio-economic status (SES) indicators, to complement their assessments. Consequently, in contexts of high uncertainty, candidates with lower SES are more likely to be discriminated against in the apprenticeship market.
Cardiovascular outcomes, bleeding risk, and achieved blood pressure in patients on long-term anticoagulation with the thrombin antagonist dabigatran or warfarin: data from the RE-LY trial
Authors: Böhm Michael , Brueckmann Martina , Eikelboom John W , Ezekowitz Michael , Fräßdorf Mandy , Hijazi Ziad , Hohnloser Stefan H , Mahfoud Felix , Schmieder Roland E , Schumacher Helmut , Wallentin Lars , Yusuf Salim 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Aims
A J-shaped association of cardiovascular events to achieved systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure was shown in high-risk patients. This association on oral anticoagulation is unknown. This analysis from RELY assessed the risks of death, stroke or systemic emboli, and bleeding according to mean achieved SBP and DBP in atrial fibrillation on oral anticoagulation.

Methods and results
RE-LY patients were followed for 2 years and recruited between 22 December 2005 until 15 December 2007. 18.113 patients were randomized in 951 centres in 54 countries and 18,107 patients with complete blood pressure (BP) data were analysed with a median follow-up of 2.0 years and a complete follow-up in 99.9%. The association between achieved mean SBP and DBP on all-cause death, stroke and systemic embolic events (SSE), major, and any bleeding were explored. On treatment, SBP &gt;140 mmHg and &lt;120 mmHg was associated with all-cause death compared with SBP 120–130 mmHg (reference). For SSE, risk was unchanged at SBP &lt;110 mmHg but increased at 140–160 mmHg (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.81; 1.40–2.33) and SBP ≥160 mmHg (HR 3.35; 2.09–5.36). Major bleeding events were also increased at &lt;110 mmHg and at 110 to &lt;120 mmHg. Interestingly, there was no increased risk of major bleeding at SBP &gt;130 mmHg. Similar patterns were observed for DBP with an increased risk at &lt;70 mmHg (HR 1.55; 1.35–1.78) and &gt;90 mmHg (HR 1.88; 1.43–2.46) for all-cause death compared to 70 to &lt;80 mmHg (reference). Risk for any bleeding was increased at low DBP &lt;70 mmHg (HR 1.46; 1.37–1.56) at DBP 80 to &lt;90 mmHg (HR 1.13; 1.06–1.31) without increased risk at higher achieved DBP. Dabigatran 150 mg twice daily showed an advantage in all patients for all-cause death and SSE and there was an advantage for 110 mg dabigatran twice daily for major bleeding and any bleeding irrespective of SBP or DBP achieved. Similar results were obtained for baseline BP, time-updated BP, and BP as time-varying covariate.

Conclusion
Low achieved SBP associates with increased risk of death, SSE, and bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation on oral anticoagulation. Major bleeding events did not occur at higher BP. Low BP might identify high-risk patients not only for death but also for high bleeding risks.

Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov—Identifier: NCT00262600.
Approaches to integrating palliative care into African health systems: a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Court Lara , Olivier Jill 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Africa is characterized by a high burden of disease and health system deficits, with an overwhelming and increasing demand for palliative care (PC). Yet only one African country is currently considered to have advanced integration of palliative care into medical services and generalized PC is said to be available in only a handful of others. The integration of PC into all levels of a health system has been called for to increase access to PC and to strengthen health systems. Contextually appropriate evidence to guide integration is vital yet limited. This qualitative systematic review analyses interventions to integrate PC into African health systems to provide insight into the ‘how’ of PC integration. Forty articles were identified, describing 51 different interventions. This study found that a variety of integration models are being applied, with limited best practices being evaluated and repeated in other contexts. Interventions typically focused on integrating specialized PC services into individual or multiple health facilities, with only a few examples of PC integrated at a population level. Four identified issues could either promote integration (by being present) or block integration (by their absence). These include the provision of PC at all levels of the health system alongside curative care; the development and presence of sustainable partnerships; health systems and workers that can support integration; and lastly, placing the client, their family and community at the centre of integration. These echo the broader literature on integration of health services generally. There is currently a strong suggestion that the integration of PC contributes to health system strengthening; however, this is not well evidenced in the literature and future interventions would benefit from placing health systems strengthening at the forefront, as well as situating their work within the context of integration of health services more generally.
Lifestage differences in young UK women’s reasons for research participation
Authors: Howcutt Sarah J , Barbosa-Bouças Sofia , Brett Jo , Barnett Anna L , Smith Lesley A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Lifecourse epidemiology suggests that preconception is a valuable opportunity for health promotion with young women. Yet young women are less likely than older women to be research participants, limiting evidence about their needs and risks. Marketing data indicate that young adults are not engaged with one advertising strategy because they transition through three life stages: (i) limited independence and focus on own interests, (ii) increased independence and time with peers and (iii) establishing a home and family. The aim of this study was to explore whether these marketing lifestage categories could inform the tailoring of strategies to recruit young women. Three focus groups per lifestage category were conducted (49 women aged 16–34 years). Lifestage category (i) was represented by further education students, category (ii) by women in workplaces and (iii) by mothers. Questions explored participants’ lifestyles, identity, reasons for participation in the current study and beliefs about researchers. Three major themes were identified through framework analysis: profiling how young women spend their time; facilitators of participating in research and barriers to participating. Students and women in work valued monetary remuneration whereas mothers preferred social opportunities. Participants’ perceived identity influenced whether they felt useful to research. All groups expressed anxiety about participation. Altruism was limited to helping people known to participants. Therefore, the marketing categories did not map exactly to differences in young women’s motivations to participate but have highlighted how one recruitment strategy may not engage all. Mass media communication could, instead, increase familiarity and reduce anxiety about participation.
ESHRE PGT Consortium and SIG Embryology good practice recommendations for polar body and embryo biopsy for PGT†
Authors:   ESHRE PGT Consortium and SIG-Embryology Biopsy Working Group, Kokkali Georgia , Coticchio Giovanni , Bronet Fernando , Celebi Catherine , Cimadomo Danilo , Goossens Veerle , Liss Joanna , Nunes Sofia , Sfontouris Ioannis , Vermeulen Nathalie , Zakharova Elena , De Rycke Martine 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The field of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is evolving fast, and best practice advice is essential for regulation and standardisation of diagnostic testing. The previous ESHRE guidelines on best practice for PGD, published in 2005 and 2011, are considered outdated, and the development of new papers outlining recommendations for good practice in PGT was necessary.
The current paper provides recommendations on the technical aspects of embryo biopsy and covers recommendations on the biopsy procedure, cryopreservation and laboratory issues and training, in addition to technical aspects and strengths and limitations specific for currently used techniques at different stages (polar body, cleavage stage and blastocyst biopsy). Furthermore, alternative sampling methods are briefly described.This paper is one of a series of four papers on good practice recommendations on PGT. The other papers cover the organisation of PGT, and the different technical aspects of PGT for monogenic/single-gene defects (PGT-M) and PGT for chromosomal structural rearrangements/aneuploidies (PGT-SR/PGT-A).
Together, these papers should assist everyone interested in PGT in developing the best laboratory and clinical practice possible.
Transitional Justice and Theories of Change: Towards evaluation as understanding
Authors: Gready Paul , Robins Simon 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article has two goals. First, to make explicit the theories of change currently operative within transitional justice and, second, to critically engage with both these theories, and dominant theories in international development. As such, it seeks to replace a focus on results, attribution, and linearity with a privileging of process, contribution and complexity. Developing theories of change for transitional justice is challenging, as it is characterised by diverse interventions, complex and contested contexts, and the need to balance principles and pragmatism. Normative, linear and mechanism-based claims remain dominant, while the evidence base for transitional justice is still weak. This article looks at insights from adjacent fields, some of the challenges facing the development of theories of change within transitional justice, and evidence from impact studies and evaluations. In a final section we propose an alternative, drawing on complexity theory and actor-oriented approaches, which suggest an important set of terms – systems, interaction, contingency, context, encounter, emergence, incrementalism – to inform what we term evaluation as understanding.
The Neumann Problem of Complex Hessian Quotient Equations
Authors: Chen Chuanqiang , Wei Wei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the Neumann problem of complex Hessian quotient equations $\frac{\sigma _k (\partial \bar{\partial } u)}{\sigma _l (\partial \bar{\partial } u)} = f(z)$ with $0 \leq l &lt; k \leq n$ and establish the global $C^1$ estimates and reduce the global 2nd derivative estimate to the estimate of double normal 2nd derivatives on the boundary. In particular, we can prove the global $C^2$ estimates and the existence theorem for the Neumann problem of complex Hessian quotient equations $\frac{\sigma _n (\partial \bar{\partial } u)}{\sigma _l (\partial \bar{\partial } u)} = f(z)$ with $0 \leq l &lt; n$ by the method of continuity.
Regulatory responses to medical machine learning
Authors: Minssen Timo , Gerke Sara , Aboy Mateo , Price Nicholson , Cohen Glenn 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Companies and healthcare providers are developing and implementing new applications of medical artificial intelligence, including the artificial intelligence sub-type of medical machine learning (MML). MML is based on the application of machine learning (ML) algorithms to automatically identify patterns and act on medical data to guide clinical decisions. MML poses challenges and raises important questions, including (1) How will regulators evaluate MML-based medical devices to ensure their safety and effectiveness? and (2) What additional MML considerations should be taken into account in the international context? To address these questions, we analyze the current regulatory approaches to MML in the USA and Europe. We then examine international perspectives and broader implications, discussing considerations such as data privacy, exportation, explanation, training set bias, contextual bias, and trade secrecy.
Dose–volume histogram analysis and clinical evaluation of knowledge-based plans with manual objective constraints for pharyngeal cancer
Authors: Uehara Takuya , Monzen Hajime , Tamura Mikoto , Ishikawa Kazuki , Doi Hiroshi , Nishimura Yasumasa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate whether knowledge-based plans (KBP) from a single optimization could be used clinically, and to compare dose–volume histogram (DVH) parameters and plan quality between KBP with (KBPCONST) and without (KBPORIG) manual objective constraints and clinical manual optimized (CMO) plans for pharyngeal cancer. KBPs were produced from a system trained on clinical plans from 55 patients with pharyngeal cancer who had undergone intensity-modulated radiation therapy or volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT). For another 15 patients, DVH parameters of KBPCONST and KBPORIG from a single optimization were compared with CMO plans with respect to the planning target volume (D98%, D50%, D2%), brainstem maximum dose (Dmax), spinal cord Dmax, parotid gland median and mean dose (Dmed and Dmean), monitor units and modulation complexity score for VMAT. The Dmax of spinal cord and brainstem and the Dmed and Dmean of ipsilateral parotid glands were unacceptably high for KBPORIG, although the KBPCONST DVH parameters met our goal for most patients. KBPCONST and CMO plans produced comparable DVH parameters. The monitor units of KBPCONST were significantly lower than those of the CMO plans (P &lt; 0.001). Dose distribution of the KBPCONST was better than or comparable to that of the CMO plans for 13 (87%) of the 15 patients. In conclusion, KBPORIG was found to be clinically unacceptable, while KBPCONST from a single optimization was comparable or superior to CMO plans for most patients with head and neck cancer.
X-Irradiation at 0.5 Gy after the forced swim test reduces forced swimming-induced immobility in mice
Authors: Kataoka Takahiro , Shuto Hina , Yano Junki , Naoe Shota , Ishida Tsuyoshi , Nakada Tetsuya , Yamato Keiko , Hanamoto Katsumi , Nomura Takaharu , Yamaoka Kiyonori 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The forced swim test (FST) is a screening model for antidepressant activity; it causes immobility and induces oxidative stress. We previously reported that radon inhalation has antidepressant-like effects in mice potentially through the activation of antioxidative functions upon radon inhalation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of prior and post low-dose X-irradiation (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 Gy) on FST-induced immobility and oxidative stress in the mouse brain, and the differences, if any, between the two. Mice received X-irradiation before or after the FST repeatedly for 5 days. In the post-FST-irradiated group, an additional FST was conducted 4 h after the last irradiation. Consequently, animals receiving prior X-irradiation (0.1 Gy) had better mobility outcomes than sham-irradiated mice; however, their levels of lipid peroxide (LPO), an oxidative stress marker, remained unchanged. However, animals that received post-FST X-irradiation (0.5 Gy) had better mobility outcomes and their LPO levels were significantly lower than those of the sham-irradiated mice. The present results indicate that 0.5 Gy X-irradiation after FST inhibits FST-induced immobility and oxidative stress in mice.
Clear cell adenocarcinoma arising from the abdominal wall after cesarean section in a patient with uterine adenomyosis
Authors: Provendier Anaïs , Angeles Martina Aida , Meyrignac Olivier , Illac Claire , Ducassou Anne , Martínez-Gómez Carlos , Gladieff Laurence , Martinez Alejandra , Ferron Gwénaël 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Malignant transformation of abdominal wall endometriosis lesions developed in a cesarean section scar is a rare event. Patients with uterine adenomyosis but without endometriosis can also develop abdominal wall malignant carcinoma after a gynecologic surgery. The treatment of abdominal wall clear cell adenocarcinoma combines tumor surgical excision with free margins, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. We report a case of clear cell carcinoma arising from an abdominal wall cesarean section scar in a patient without history of endometriosis.
Molecular Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Strains Isolated from Blood Cultures in Antalya, Turkey
Authors: Su Harun Reşid , Turhan Özge , Erman Daloğlu Cemile Aylin , Öğünç Meral Dilara , Özhak Betil , Öngüt Gözde , Kuşkucu Mert Ahmet , Midilli Kenan , Mamıkoğlu Latife 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of carbapenemase and CTX-M genes among 330 blood culture isolates of Enterobacterales with reduced susceptibility to at least 1 carbapenem, between 2010 and 2015.

Methods
BD Max CRE assay and in-house PCR were used to detect carbapenemase and CTX-M genes.

Results
At least 1 carbapenemase gene was detected among 113 (74.3%) of the 152 carbapenem resistant isolates. The OXA-48 (69.7%) was the most common carbapenemase followed by VIM, NDM and IMP, whereas no tested isolates were KPC-positive. Eighty-six isolates (56.6%) had CTX-M and 65 had both OXA-48 and CTX-M. Carbapenemase production in Enterobacterales was significantly increased in years (P &lt; .05).

Conclusion
Our study indicates that there is ongoing endemic circulation of the OXA-48 producing organism in our facility. It is noteworthy that more than half of the OXA-48 producing strains also produced CTX-M enzyme.
Estimating the masses of three neutron stars by twin kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations and innermost stable circular orbits: constraining equations of state
Authors: Shi Chang-Sheng , Zhang Shuang-Nan 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We test the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model derived by Shi, Zhang and Li by the like-standard deviations of the twin kilohertz (kHz) quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) frequencies when the modes of the MHD waves in the MHD model are recalculated. A group of approximate equations derived from the MHD equations in the MHD model are proposed. Consequently, the dependence of the twin kHz QPO frequencies on several neutron star (NS) parameters is determined by the approximate equations. Based on the selection criterion that NS parameters corresponding to the minimum like-standard deviation are the most reasonable parameters, the masses of the three NSs in 4U 0614+09, 4U 1636–53 and 4U 1608–52 are estimated as M &lt; 2.60 M⊙, 2.00 M⊙ &lt; M &lt; 2.31 M⊙ and 2.17 M⊙ &lt; M &lt; 2.62 M⊙, respectively. According to these NS masses, some equations of state for the nuclear matter in compact stars can be ruled out.
Exploring the nature and synchronicity of early cluster formation in the Large Magellanic Cloud – V. Multiple populations in ancient globular clusters
Authors: Gilligan Christina K , Chaboyer Brian , Cummings Jeffrey D , Mackey Dougal , Cohen Roger E , Geisler Douglas , Grocholski Aaron J , Parisi M C , Sarajedini Ata , Ventura Paolo , Villanova Sandro , Yang Soung-Chul , Wagner-Kaiser Rachel 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We examine four ancient Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) globular clusters (GCs) for evidence of multiple stellar populations using the Advanced Camera for Surveys and Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope Programme GO-14164. NGC 1466, NGC 1841, and NGC 2257 all show evidence for a redder, secondary population along the main sequence. Reticulum does not show evidence for the presence of a redder population, but this GC has the least number of stars and Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the sample of main-sequence stars is too small to robustly infer whether a redder population exists in this cluster. The second, redder, population of the other three clusters constitutes $\sim 30-40{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the total population along the main sequence. This brings the total number of ancient LMC GCs with known split or broadened main sequences to five. However, unlike for Hodge 11 and NGC 2210 (see Gilligan et al. (2019)), none of the clusters shows evidence for multiple populations in the horizontal branch. We also do not find evidence of a second population along the red giant branch.