bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
АКТИВНІСТЬ СУПЕРОКСИДДИСМУТАЗИ У ТКАНИНАХ ПЕЧІНКИ ПЕРЕПЕЛІВ ПРИ ХІМІЧНІЙ ОБРОБЦІ ІНКУБАЦІЙНИХ ЯЄЦЬ ТА РІЗНОМУ РІВНІ ВІТАМІНУ Е В РАЦІОНІ
Authors: Trach V. V. , Danchuk V. V. 
Published: November 2019

Вступ. Стан антиоксидантної системи у тварин і птахів впливає на їх ріст, резистентність, продуктивність та якість продукції. Біологічна активність вітаміну Е зумовлена насамперед його антиоксидантною функцією. α-токоферол є найактивнішим природним антиоксидантом. Очевидно, застосування природних антиоксидантів дозволить підвищити активність системи антиоксидантного захисту.
Мета дослідження – визначити вплив хімічної обробки інкубаційних яєць та різного рівня вітаміну Е в раціоні маточного поголів’я на активність супероксиддисмутази в тканинах печінки перепелів.
Методи дослідження. Експерименти виконано на перепелах породи фараон (Coturnix japonica) м’ясного напряму продуктивності. На 14-ту добу інкубації яйця перепелів було поділено на 7 груп. Обробку яєць проводили на 14-ту добу інкубації розчинами 1 % натрію гіпохлориту, 2 % хлоридної кислоти, 0,5 % гідроген пероксиду. Матеріалом для досліджень слугували тканини печінки 14-добових ембріонів, 1- і 10-добових перепелів. У гомогенаті тканин печінки визначали активність супероксиддисмутази (СОД).
Результати й обговорення. До 1-добового віку перепелів активність супероксиддисмутази збільшувалась, однак уже до 10-добового віку дещо зменшувалась (у межах 2,5 %). Потрібно відмітити відсутність достовірної різниці в активності СОД у печінці 14-добових ембріонів перепелів усіх дослідних груп порівняно з контрольною. Хімічна обробка інкубаційних яєць супроводжувалась зниженням активності СОД у печінці перепелів порівняно з показником контрольної групи, хімічна їх обробка на 14-ту добу інкубації разом із додатковим введенням вітаміну Е до раціону маточного поголів’я – підвищенням активності СОД у печінці перепелів до 1-добового віку.
Висновки. При розвитку постнатального адаптаційного синдрому спостерігають збільшення активності системи антиоксидантного захисту в організмі перепелів. Зокрема, активність супероксиддисмутази в печінці 14-добових ембріонів перепелів до 1-добового віку птахів підвищується на 37,9 % (р<0,001). Додаткове введення вітаміну Е до раціону стимулює активність системи антиоксидантного захисту в печінці перепелів.
ВПЛИВ ШОЛОМНИЦІ БАЙКАЛЬСЬКОЇ НА РІВЕНЬ МАКРО- ТА МІКРОЕЛЕМЕНТІВ У ЩУРІВ ПРИ АДРЕНАЛІНОВОМУ СТРЕСІ
Authors: Shkurashivska S. V. 
Published: November 2019

Вступ. Стрес і його наслідки є серйозною проблемою для здоров’я сучасної людини. Проводять інтенсивний пошук способів зменшення навантаження на організм. Незважаючи на застосування препарату шоломниці в клінічній практиці, недостатньо з’ясованими залишаються його метаболічні ефекти.
Мета дослідження – оцінити вплив екстракту шоломниці байкальської на рівень есенціальних елементів – Кальцію, Магнію, Купруму та Цинку в щурів з адреналіновою моделлю стресу через різні проміжки часу.
Методи дослідження. Для моделювання адреналінового стресу тваринам двічі внутрішньом’язово вводили 0,18 % розчин адреналіну гідрохлориду з розрахунку 0,05 мг/кг маси тіла. Добова доза препарату шоломниці для щура становила 0,3 мл/кг, вводили перорально за 30 хв до ін’єкцій адреналіну. Тварин було поділено на такі групи: I – контрольні, яким вводили 0,9 % NaCl; II і IV – тварини, яким двічі вводили адреналін з інтервалом в 1 год; III і V – щури, яким двічі вводили адреналін з інтервалом в 1 год та екстракт шоломниці байкальської за 30 хв до ін'єкції адреналіну. Забір матеріалу здійснювали через 30 хв та 24 год. Вміст адреналіну визначали колориметричним методом, вміст Купруму, Цинку, Магнію, Кальцію – за допомогою атомно-адсорбційної спектрофотометрії.
Результати й обговорення. Отримані результати свідчать про розвиток дисмікроелементозу в організмі експериментальних тварин за умов адреналінового стресу, що супроводжувався перерозподілом макроелементів – Кальцію та Магнію і мікроелементів – Купруму та Цинку в крові й печінці. Такі зміни рівня есенціальних елементів мали істотний вплив на регуляцію метаболічних процесів та рівень адреналіну. Застосування препарату шоломниці перед введенням адреналіну зумовило зростання рівня Кальцію, Купруму в крові та печінці порівняно з контрольною групою і тваринами, які не отримували препарату. Рівень Магнію характеризувався різнонапрямленими змінами залежно від терміну спостереження. Вміст Цинку перебував у межах значень контрольної групи та знижувався відносно адреналінових груп.
Висновок. Отримані результати досліджень вказують на те, що екстракт шоломниці байкальської за умов адреналінового стресу сприяє підтриманню гомеостазу есенціальних елементів – Кальцію, Магнію, Купруму та Цинку.
Postprandial Vascular Dysfunction Is Associated With Raised Blood Pressure and Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling in Adolescent Adiposity
Authors: Hauser Jakob A. , Muthurangu Vivek , Sattar Naveed , Taylor Andrew M. , Jones Alexander 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including heart failure. Although linked to obesity and hypertension, its pathogenesis is multifactorial. Blunted postprandial sympathetic regulation of gut blood flow has been observed in overweight animals and suggested as a promotor of hypertension and LVH. We hypothesized that blunted postprandial superior mesenteric blood flow responses would be more common in overweight humans and associated with increased blood pressure and LVH.

Methods:
Left ventricular dimensions and hemodynamic responses to a standardized high-calorie liquid meal were measured in healthy adolescents (n=82; 39 overweight/obese) by magnetic resonance imaging. Covariates such as body mass index, blood pressure, Tanner score, and an index of insulin resistance were included in multiple regression models to examine the independent associations of mesenteric flow response with blood pressure status and LVH.

Results:

Food ingestion increased cardiac output (Δmean, 0.45 [SD, 0.62] L·min
−1
;
P
=3.8×10
−8
) and superior mesenteric artery flow (Δmean, 0.76 [SD, 0.35] L·min
−1
;
P
=4.2×10
−31
). A blunted mesenteric flow response was associated with increased left ventricular mass (B=−12.7 g·m
−2.7
per L·min
−1
·m
−
0.92
;
P
=6×10
−5
) and concentric LVH (log likelihood, −9.9;
P
=0.001), independently of known determinants of LVH, including body mass index. It was also associated with elevated systolic blood pressure (B=−18.0 mm Hg per L·min
−1
·m
−
0.92
;
P
=0.001), but this link did not explain the association with left ventricular mass.

Conclusions:
Postprandial mesenteric vascular dysfunction is associated with LVH and hypertension, independently of common risk factors for those conditions. These findings highlight a new, independent marker of cardiovascular risk in the young.
Long-Term Embolic Outcomes After Detection of Left Ventricular Thrombus by Late Gadolinium Enhancement Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Velangi Pratik S. , Choo Christopher , Chen Ko-Hsuan A. , Kazmirczak Felipe , Nijjar Prabhjot S. , Farzaneh-Far Afshin , Okasha Osama , Akçakaya Mehmet , Weinsaft Jonathan W. , Shenoy Chetan 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is more sensitive than echocardiography for the detection of intracardiac thrombus because of its unique ability to identify thrombus based on tissue characteristics related to avascularity. The long-term prognostic significance of left ventricular (LV) thrombus detected by LGE CMR is unknown.

Methods:
We performed a matched cohort study of consecutive adult patients with LV thrombus detected by LGE CMR who were matched on the date of CMR, age, and LV ejection fraction to up to 3 patients without LV thrombus. We investigated the long-term incidence of a composite of embolic events: stroke, transient ischemic attack, or extracranial systemic arterial embolism. We also compared outcomes among patients with LV thrombus detected by LGE CMR stratified by whether the LV thrombus was also detected by echocardiography or not.

Results:

Of 157 LV thrombus patients, 155 were matched to 400 non-LV thrombus patients. During a median follow-up of 3.3 years, the cumulative incidence of embolism was significantly higher in LV thrombus patients compared with the matched non-LV thrombus patients (
P
<0.001), with annualized rates of 3.7% and 0.8% for LV thrombus and matched non-LV thrombus patients, respectively. LV thrombus was the only independent predictor of the composite embolic end point (hazard ratio, 3.99 [95% CI, 1.54–10.35];
P
=0.004). The cumulative incidence of embolism was not different in patients with LV thrombus that was also detected by echocardiography versus patients with LV thrombus not detected by echocardiography (
P
=0.25).

Conclusions:
Despite contemporary antithrombotic treatment, LV thrombus detected by LGE CMR is associated with a 4-fold higher long-term incidence of embolism compared with matched non-LV thrombus patients. LV thrombus detected by LGE CMR but not by echocardiography is associated with a similar risk of embolism as that detected by both LGE CMR and echocardiography.
Low-Value Transthoracic Echocardiography, Healthcare Utilization, and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Tharmaratnam Tharmegan , Bouck Zachary , Sivaswamy Atul , Wijeysundera Harindra C. , Chu Cherry , Yin Cindy X. , Nesbitt Gillian C. , Edwards Jeremy , Yared Kibar , Wong Brian , Weinerman Adina , Thavendiranathan Paaladinesh , Rakowski Harry , Dorian Paul , Anderson Geoff , Austin Peter C. , Dudzinski David M. , Ko Dennis T. , Weiner Rory B. , Bhatia R. Sacha 
Published: November 2019

Background:
The relationship between ordering frequency of rarely appropriate transthoracic echocardiograms on healthcare utilization and patient outcomes in coronary artery disease (CAD) is not known. Our objective was to investigate practice patterns of cardiologists who order a high frequency of low-value transthoracic echocardiograms in patients with CAD and whether practice behavior influences patient outcomes.

Methods and Results:
A retrospective cohort of outpatient CAD patients was accrued by identifying patients with at least 1 visit to 1 of 35 Ontario-based cardiologists in the EchoWISELY randomized clinical trial (Will Inappropriate Scenarios for Echocardiography Lessen Significantly) control group. The main outcomes of interest were patient-level receipt of diagnostic tests, physician visits, medication prescriptions, and clinical outcomes at 1 year. Our cohort consisted of 3966 patients with CAD (mean [SD] age, 67.8 [12.0] years; 72% men), with an outpatient visit to 1 of 35 eligible cardiologists, stratified into 3 ordering tertiles. Patients of cardiologists in the top ordering tertile of rarely appropriate transthoracic echocardiograms had significantly lower odds of receiving the following services at 1 year compared with patients in the low ordering group: cholesterol assessment (odds ratio [OR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.65–0.91]); hemoglobin A1c assessment (OR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.66–0.94]); β-blocker prescription (OR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.55–0.90]); and aldosterone receptor antagonist prescription (OR, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.22–0.98]). Patients of high ordering cardiologists had greater odds of all-cause mortality at 1 year (OR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.04–2.28]), although all other outcomes were similar.

Conclusions:
Patients with CAD seen by cardiologist who ordered a high rate of rarely appropriate transthoracic echocardiograms were less likely to receive potentially high-value screening tests and evidence-based medications than low ordering cardiologists.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02038101.
Slowing Progression of Cardiovascular Calcification With SNF472 in Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Raggi Paolo , Bellasi Antonio , Bushinsky David , Bover Jordi , Rodriguez Mariano , Ketteler Markus , Sinha Smeeta , Salcedo Carolina , Gillotti Kristen , Padgett Claire , Garg Rekha , Gold Alex , Perelló Joan , Chertow Glenn M. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
The high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage kidney disease could be partially caused by extensive cardiovascular calcification. SNF472, intravenous myo-inositol hexaphosphate, selectively inhibits the formation and growth of hydroxyapatite.

Methods:
This double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial compared progression of coronary artery calcium volume score and other measurements of cardiovascular calcification by computed tomography scan during 52 weeks of treatment with SNF472 or placebo, in addition to standard therapy, in adult patients with end-stage kidney disease receiving hemodialysis. Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to SNF472 300 mg (n=92), SNF472 600 mg (n=91), or placebo (n=91) by infusion in the hemodialysis lines thrice weekly during hemodialysis sessions. The primary end point was change in log coronary artery calcium volume score from baseline to week 52. The primary efficacy analysis combined the SNF472 treatment groups and included all patients who received at least 1 dose of SNF472 or placebo and had an evaluable computed tomography scan after randomization.

Results:

The mean change in coronary artery calcium volume score was 11% (95% CI, 7–15) for the combined SNF472 dose group and 20% (95% CI, 14–26) for the placebo group (
P
=0.016). SNF472 compared with placebo attenuated progression of calcium volume score in the aortic valve (14% [95% CI, 5–24] versus 98% [95% CI, 77–123];
P
<0.001) but not in the thoracic aorta (23% [95% CI, 16–30] versus 28% [95% CI, 19–38];
P
=0.40). Death occurred in 7 patients (4%) who received SNF472 and 5 patients (6%) who received placebo. At least 1 treatment-emergent adverse event occurred in 86%, 92%, and 87% of patients treated with SNF472 300 mg, SNF472 600 mg, and placebo, respectively. Most adverse events were mild. Adverse events resulted in discontinuation of SNF472 300 mg, SNF472 600 mg, and placebo for 14%, 29%, and 20% of patients, respectively.

Conclusions:
Compared with placebo, SNF472 significantly attenuated the progression of coronary artery calcium and aortic valve calcification in patients with end-stage kidney disease receiving hemodialysis in addition to standard care. Future studies are needed to determine the effects of SNF472 on cardiovascular events.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02966028.
<p class="HeadingRunIn"><strong>Four new species of <em>Rhyacophila</em> (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) from Sabah, East Malaysia</strong></p>
Authors: HUISMAN JOLANDA , ARMITAGE BRIAN J. 
Published: November 2019

Although the caddisfly genus Rhyacophila (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) is exceptionally species-rich in southern and southeastern Asia, only 3 species were previously recorded from Borneo, 2 from Sabah and 1 from Sarawak. Examination of caddisfly specimens collected by the 1st author in 1986 through 1989 for the Leiden Museun (The Netherlands) has revealed 4 new species of Rhyacophila. Three of these, R. bintil, n. sp.; R. ladam, n. sp.; and R. lepoh, n. sp. are assigned to the Rhyacophila curvata Group. The 4th species, R. kuku, n. sp., although having affinities with the Rhyacophila lieftincki Group, is currently designated as incertae sedis within the genus. Finally, the female of R. argentipunctella Kimmins is described for the first time, and the species reported from Sabah.
<strong>Case-repair in three genera of caddisflies (Trichoptera)</strong>
Authors: KWONG LINDA , MENDEZ PATINA K. , RESH VINCENT H. 
Published: November 2019

Case-building is energetically expensive and case-repair may be a viable alternative to rebuilding for caddisflies when the case is damaged. In this study, we damaged the larval cases of 3 Trichoptera genera: Lepidostoma spp.; Neophylax rickeri Milne, 1935; and Onocosmoecus unicolor (Banks, 1897). We manually damaged the anterior, middle, or posterior portions of the larval case. We measured case lengths before damage, immediately after damage, and after allowing 2 days for repair. Overall, 74.2% of Lepidostoma spp. (n=31), 23.5% of N. rickeri (n=34), and 50.0% of O. unicolor (n=44) repaired their cases. Lepidostoma spp. had the highest odds of repair (2.88:1), followed by O. unicolor (1:1). Neophylax rickeri (0.308:1) was unlikely to repair its case after damage. For all genera, the percentage of the damaged portion repaired by location was not statistically significant. In Lepidostoma spp., at all locations, the average percentage of the damaged portion repaired was greater than 100% (larvae repaired the damage fully and continued to add material to the anterior end of the case). The occurrence of repair across the 3 genera at all damage locations suggests that the behavior may be beneficial for protection and more energetically favorable than entirely rebuilding the case, however life history may influence the likelihood of repair.
Environmental competencies for healthcare educators and trainees: A scoping review
Authors: Parker Gillian , Berta Whitney , Shea Christine , Miller Fiona 
Published: November 2019

Background: The health-care community has a responsibility to address the environmental impact of delivering health-care services. Educational programmes present ideal fora to confer ‘environmental competencies’ to future health system leaders, managers, practitioners and researchers. The aim of this review is to synthesise the literature on health-care competencies, education and training of relevance to issues of environmental sustainability and climate change in the health sector. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of English language articles on environmental competencies in healthcare in the MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and ProQuest databases published from inception to April 2019. Thematic analysis and descriptive statistics were used to synthesise the findings and develop a typology of environmental competencies. Results: Of the 902 unique citations, we identified 23 articles that met our inclusion criteria. Environmental competencies that align with general management skills were most frequent (40%), followed by research skills (37%). Three competencies specific to the environment (22%) were identified: resource stewardship ( n = 16), systems thinking ( n = 14) and social and environmental justice ( n = 7). The majority of work was identified in nursing, medicine and public health. Competencies were most commonly embedded in existing curricula or offered as new courses or workshops. Conclusion: Incorporating environmental competencies into education programmes will serve to raise awareness of, and advance the significance of, the health sector’s impact on climate change and environmental sustainability. Our findings that environmental competencies align with previously validated health-care competencies support the perspective that these competencies represent essential knowledge and skills for the health-care workforce.
Is Research on Transgender Children What It Seems? Comments on Recent Research on Transgender Children with High Levels of Parental Support
Authors: Schumm Walter R. , Crawford Duane W. 
Published: November 2019

Recent research on transgender children who have had support from their parents for their transitioning has concluded that their mental health is virtually no different than that of nontransgender children. Such research has been extensively cited, over 370 times in the past three years. Most of the hundreds of reviews received the stated results of the studies with little caution. However, the research featured numerous statistical errors and omissions, the implications of which would likely lead neutral observers to conclude that the mental health of transgender children, even when supported by their parents, was poorer than that of the groups of control children. In particular, levels of anxiety as reported by both parents and their transgender children appear to be significantly higher, and the transgender children’s reports of self-worth appear to be significantly lower. Although reports regarding depression are not as significantly different, the effect sizes were generally in a similar direction as the other outcomes, being less favorable for the transgender children. Such issues highlight the need for careful examination of statistical research, even when published in highly regarded medical journals. As with other research, findings from the early stages of controversial research may often be premature. Further research is needed to explore factors underlying these results. Summary: Some scholars have believed that if transgender children were supported by their parents before the children reached puberty, the generally higher rates of mental illness experienced by many transgender persons might be prevented or alleviated. Dr. Kristina Olson of the Department of Psychology at the University of Seattle was the first scholar to have studied groups of transgender children who were being supported by their parents and to have compared them to a control group of children and to siblings of the same transgender children. Her conclusion was that there were minimal, if any, differences in anxiety, depression, and self-worth among the groups of children; her research has since been cited extensively as having found just that. We reanalyzed her raw data and found that, to the contrary, the transgender children, even when supported by their parents, had significantly lower average scores on anxiety and self-worth. Often, a significantly higher percentage of transgender children, compared to controls, featured preclinical or clinical levels of anxiety. Parental support of transgender children may temporarily reduce levels of poor mental health for some transgender children, but it does not appear to eliminate those problems for all transgender children. Our findings should serve as a warning against accepting research at a surface level, which can lead to acceptance of invalid information and pursuit of ineffective interventions.
Probable blueberry-induced haemolysis in a G6PD deficient child: A case report
Authors: Babu Tirin , Panachiyil George Mathew , Sebastian Juny , Ravi Mandyam Dhati 
Published: November 2019

Background: Blueberry is a North American native fruit increasingly popular as a source of health-promoting bioactive compounds. However, there is evidence in the literature stating that blueberries should be avoided in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Case Presentation: We report the first case of a G6PD deficient child who developed haemolysis approximately after half a day following the intake of fresh blueberry. He presented with the complaints of the passage of orange coloured urine and hurried breathing. The child had haemoglobin of 7.9 g/dl on admission day and the laboratory results were indicative of haemolytic process. Outcomes and Implications: During the stay in the hospital, the child was managed conventionally, and he improved both clinically and symptomatically. The child was discharged after four days of treatment and diet counselling was provided to his parents. Recommendations: Our report should encourage further research on this fruit regarding the mechanism behind the development of haemolytic anaemia. Also, it is important in the case of G6PD deficient patients to take lifelong precautions to avoid the foods that can trigger haemolysis.