bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning the Ferrotoroidic Coupling and Magnetic Hysteresis in Double‐Triangle Complexes {Dy3MIIIDy3} via the MIII‐linker
Authors: Ashtree Jared M. , Borilović Ivana , Vignesh Kuduva R. , Swain Abinash , Hamilton Sarah H. , Whyatt Yasmin L. , Benjamin Sophie L. , Phonsri Wasinee , Forsyth Craig M. , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Soncini Alessandro , Rajaraman Gopalan , Langley Stuart K. , Murray Keith S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present the syntheses, structures, magnetic data and theoretical analyses for two families of heptanuclear clusters, wherein two staggered dysprosium(III) triangles are linked by various M(III) d‐/p‐block ions. The families differ in the counter‐anion and are of formulae [DyIII6MIII(OH)8(o‐tol)12(MeOH)5(NO3)] ⋅ 4MeOH and [DyIII6MIII(OH)8(o‐tol)12(MeOH)6]Cl ⋅ 6MeOH (M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Al; o‐tol=o‐toluate). We find that variation of the central metal ion M is crucial in tuning the toroidal moments on the triangular units, with diamagnetic M linking ions enhancing the ferrotoroidic coupling. By detailed simulation and analysis of various magnetic measurements, including sub‐kelvin microSquid hysteresis loops, we identified the specific signature of the M linking ions’ modulation of toroidal properties, including the mechanism whereby anisotropic, paramagnetic M ions lead to hysteresis profiles with larger remnant magnetisations and broader coercive fields.
Economical synthesis of highly efficient and tunable carbon aerogels for enhanced storage of CO2 emitted from energy sources
Authors: Bhatnagar Ashish , Pandey Anant Prakash , Hudson M. Sterlin Leo , Soni Pawan K. , Verma Satish K. , Shukla Vivek , Sekkar V. , Tripathi Manoj , Srivastava O.N. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe present investigation reports the synthesis of Carbon Aerogel (CA) with varying pore size and surface area by changing the initial precursor that is, Resorcinol (R) and novel Catalyst (triethyl amine [TEA]) (C) ratio (R/C). The catalyst, TEA allows the gel to dry with negligible shrinkage. The R/C ratio has been kept 1000, 2000 and 3000. The CA with R/C = 1000 has the lowest pore size 1.93 nm, the highest surface area (369.14 m2/g) and the highest CO2 uptake of 24.40 wt.% (5.54 mmol/) at 40 atm CO2 pressure. The activated version of optimum CA (R/C = 1000) has been found to have an average pore diameter ~ 1.91 nm and CO2 uptake capacity of 29.56 wt% (6.71 mmol/g) at 25°C which is one of the highest CO2 storage capacity of CAs reported so far. Thus, the present manuscript put forward highly efficient and tunable CAs for enhanced CO2 storage.
A comprehensive comparative investigation on solar heating and cooling technologies from a thermo‐economic viewpoint—A dynamic simulation
Authors: Jafari Mosleh Hassan , Behnam Pooria , Abbasi Kamazani Maryam , Mohammadi Omid , Kavian Soheil , Ahmadi Pouria , Rosen Marc A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe yearly thermo‐economic performance is dynamically investigated for three solar heating and cooling systems: solar heating and absorption cooling (SHAC), solar heating and ejector cooling (SHEC), and heating and solar vapor compression cooling (HSVC). First, the effects of important design parameters on the thermo‐economic performance of the systems to supply the heating and cooling loads of the building are evaluated. The systems are parametrically analyzed with the weather conditions of Tehran, Iran. The results show that the life cycle costs (LCC) of the SHAC and HSVC systems are alike and much lower than those of the SHEC system. The HSVC system exhibits the best performance from exergetic and solar fraction viewpoints. The comparative analysis shows that the energy efficiencies of the SHAC and SHEC systems are higher in colder climatic conditions. However, the collector efficiency of the HSVC system declines in colder climates, mainly due to the lower solar intensities relative to in hotter climates. Further, the solar fraction of the SHAC system is higher than the SHEC technology under all climatic conditions. Moreover, higher values of solar fractions are obtained under colder weather conditions for the SHEC and HSVC systems. The best economic performance is observed for the SHAC and HSVC technologies, having significantly lower LCCs than the SHEC system. These lower LCCs under colder climatic conditions are due to the lower cost of supplying the heating load compared to the cooling load. Furthermore, all systems exhibit enhanced exergetic performance in colder weather conditions. The yearly thermo‐economic performance is dynamically investigated for three solar heating and cooling systems: SHAC, SHEC, and HSVC. In addition, the effects of important design parameters on the thermo‐economic performance of the systems to supply the heating and cooling loads of the building are evaluated.
Chemical composition and biological activities of Pimenta richardii
Authors: Clarke Kellyann , Porter Roy , Facey Petrea , Yee Trevor , Thoms‐Rodriguez Camille 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPimenta richardii is an endemic flowering plant of Jamaica belonging to the Myrtaceae family. A large number of species within this family remain phytochemically unexplored including Pimenta richardii. Hence, this study determined for the first time the chemical composition and biological activities of P richardii essential oils (EOs) extracted via hydrodistillation at four different times of the year. The EOs’ chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and GC coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC‐FID). A total of 40 compounds were identified in the P richardii EOs by comparison of the Kováts retention indices (RI), mass spectra data with those in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library, and co‐elution with authentic samples where available. The main compounds were eucalyptol (56.53%) in April and limonene (40.7%) in July. The in vitro antimicrobial assays were performed using disk diffusion and tube dilution assay to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). P richardii EOs were active against all 10 micro‐organisms used including Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC BAA 1705), methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus—MRSA (63190122), Streptococcus group A (ATCC 19815), and Streptococcus group B (ATCC 12386) having MIC of 0.25, 0.50, 0.06, and 0.06 mg/mL, respectively. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The EOs did not exhibit significant antioxidant property; however, there is potential use of EOs from P richardii in the pharmaceutical industry upon further evaluation.
Endocytosis of the glutamate transporter 1 is regulated by laforin and malin: Implications in Lafora disease
Authors: Perez‐Jimenez Eva , Viana Rosa , Muñoz‐Ballester Carmen , Vendrell‐Tornero Carlos , Moll‐Diaz Raquel , Garcia‐Gimeno Maria Adelaida , Sanz Pascual 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLafora disease (LD) is a fatal rare type of progressive myoclonus epilepsy that appears during early adolescence. The disease is caused by mutations in EPM2A or EPM2B genes, which encode laforin, a glucan phosphatase, and malin, an E3‐ubiquitin ligase, respectively. Although the exact roles of laforin and malin are still not well understood, it is known that they work as a complex in which laforin recruits targets that will be ubiquitinated by malin. Recently, we suggested that the type of epilepsy that accompanies LD could be due to deficiencies in the function of the astrocytic glutamate transporter GLT‐1. We described that astrocytes from LD mouse models presented decreased levels of GLT‐1 at the plasma membrane, leading to increased levels of glutamate in the brain parenchyma. In this work, we present evidence indicating that in the absence of a functional laforin/malin complex (as in LD cellular models) there is an alteration in the ubiquitination of GLT‐1, which could be the cause of the reduction in the levels of GLT‐1 at the plasma membrane. On the contrary, overexpression of the laforin/malin complex promotes the retention of GLT‐1 at the plasma membrane. This retention may be due to the direct ubiquitination of GLT‐1 and/or to an opposite effect of this complex on the dynamics of the Nedd4.2‐mediated endocytosis of the transporter. This work, therefore, presents new pieces of evidence on the regulation of GLT‐1 by the laforin/malin complex, highlighting its value as a therapeutic target for the amelioration of the type of epilepsy that accompanies LD.
Growing season evapotranspiration in boreal fens in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region: Variability and environmental controls
Authors: Volik Olena , Kessel Eric , Green Adam , Petrone Richard , Price Jonathan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCurrent efforts to assess changes to the wetland hydrology caused by growing anthropogenic pressures in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) require well‐founded spatial and temporal estimates of actual evapotranspiration (ET), which is the dominant component of the water budget in this region. This study assessed growing season (May–September) and peak growing season (July) ET variability at a treed moderate‐rich fen and treed poor fen (in 2013–2018), open poor fen (in 2011–2014), and saline fen (in 2015–2018) using eddy covariance technique and a set of complementary environmental data. Seasonal fluctuations in ET were positively related to net radiation, air temperature and vapour pressure deficit and followed trends typical for the Boreal Plains (BP) and AOSR with highest rates in June–July. However, no strong effect of water table position on ET was found. Strong surface control on ET is evident from lower ET values than potential evapotranspiration (PET); the lowest ET/PET was observed at saline fen, followed by open fen, moderately treed fen, and heavily treed fen, suggesting a strong influence of vegetation on water loss. In most years PET exceeded precipitation (P), and positive relations between P/PET and ET were observed with the highest July ET rates occurring under P/PET ~1. However, during months with P/PET > 1, increased P/PET was associated with decreased July ET. With respect to 30‐year mean values of air temperature and P in the area, both dry and wet, cool and warm growing seasons (GS) were observed. No clear trends between ET values and GS wetness/coldness were found, but all wet GS were characterized by peak growing seasons with high daily ET variability.
Observations of canopy storage capacity and wet canopy evaporation in a humid boreal forest
Authors: Hadiwijaya Bram , Isabelle Pierre‐Erik , Nadeau Daniel F. , Pepin Steeve 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEvaporation of intercepted rain by a canopy is an important component of evapotranspiration, particularly in the humid boreal forest, which is subject to frequent precipitation and where conifers have a large surface water storage capacity. Unfortunately, our knowledge of interception processes for this type of environment is limited by the many challenges associated with experimental monitoring of the canopy water balance. The objective of this study is to observe and estimate canopy storage capacity and wet canopy evaporation at the sub‐daily and seasonal time scales in a humid boreal forest. This study relies on field‐based estimates of rainfall interception and evapotranspiration partitioning at the Montmorency Forest, Québec, Canada (mean annual precipitation: 1600 mm, mean annual evapotranspiration: 550 mm), in two balsam fir‐white birch forest stands. Evapotranspiration was monitored using eddy covariance sensors and sap flow systems, whereas rainfall interception was measured using 12 sets of throughfall and six stemflow collectors randomly placed inside six 400‐m2 plots. Changes in the amount of water stored on the canopy were also directly monitored using the stem compression method. The amount of water intercepted by the forest canopy was 11 ± 5% of the total rainfall during the snow‐free (5 July–18 October) measurement periods of 2017 and 2018. The maximum canopy storage estimated from rainfall interception measurements was on average 1.6 ± 0.7 mm, though a higher value was found using the stem compression method (2.2 ± 1.6 mm). Taking the average of the two forest stands studied, evaporation of intercepted water represented 21 ± 8% of evapotranspiration, while the contribution of transpiration and understory evapotranspiration was 36 ± 9% and 18 ± 8%. The observations of each of the evapotranspiration terms underestimated the total evapotranspiration observed, so that 26 ± 12% of it was not attributed. These results highlight the importance to account for the evaporation of rain intercepted by humid boreal forests in hydrological models.
Assessment of the effectiveness of foreign aid on the development of Africa
Authors: Hongli Jiang , Vitenu‐Sackey Prince Asare 
Published: December 2020

AbstractForeign aid with the aim of propagating growth and development in developing countries has been in existence since the end of World War II. Africa as the recipient of aid over this period is still wallowing in poverty and underdevelopment. This phenomenon has interested many researchers and donor agencies to unravel the true impact of aid to the developmental agenda of Africa but the findings are mixed and inconsistent. Our study focused on 50 African countries for the period of 1996 to 2017 on a panel study. The study adopts panel data methodologies such as generalized linear model, Arellano‐Bond dynamic panel data estimations (GMM two‐step approach), and granger causality to achieve our objective of identifying the linear and dynamic relationship among the variables. Foreign aid through developmental assistance is assumed to significantly impact growth but the results from our study report an opposing view thus negative and statistically linear and dynamic relationship. Moreover, the undermining factors hindering aid‐growth relationships in Africa are high levels of corruption, poverty, low level of human development, political instability, and poor institutional quality. On this note, we would like to recommend to policymakers to focus on technical assistance and educational projects that could strengthen institutions rather than other developmental projects. In essence, these would propagate development in the immediate time to promote long‐run growth agenda.
Tandem mass tag‐based quantitative proteomic profiling of the serum of patients with abnormal uterine bleeding associated with copper intrauterine device
Authors: Liu Junwei , Jiang Lifang , Liu Xiaoli , Xu Linfen , Xu Jianhua , Zhu Weiqiang , Shen Yupei , Zhang Zhaofeng , Mao Yanyan , Yan Xiaoqin , Sun Junjie , Liu Fang , Xiong Xiumei , Chen Xiujuan , Che Yan , Du Jing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate changes in the level of protein in serum and uncover the underlying pathogenesis of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) associated with copper intrauterine devices (Cu IUD).MethodsProtein profiles were investigated via tandem mass tag (TMT)‐based quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics technology. Quantification and characterization of candidate proteins were further performed in 33 controls and 45 cases by Luminex assay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsIn total, 842 proteins were identified via TMT coupled with liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) in the serum of individuals with IUDs. Among them, 25 differentially expressed proteins (p < 0.05) were observed, including eight upregulated proteins and 17 downregulated proteins. Ten proteins were verified, and Alpha‐1‐Antitrypsin (a1AT) had a significantly elevated expression in women with AUB associated with the Cu IUD compared with healthy controls (p = 0.026) and a high area under the curve value (0.656), as well as sensitivity (64.9%) and specificity (71.9%).ConclusionThis is the first study to explore changes in serum protein and the underlying mechanisms of AUB associated with the Cu IUD via TMT technology. a1AT with biomarker potential was validated. These findings might provide an experimental basis for the early diagnosis or treatment of AUB associated with the Cu IUD.
Plasma expression of HIF‐1α as novel biomarker for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome
Authors: Liu Caidong , Wang Haoyu , Zhu Chenbin , Wang Shukui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundObstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common breathing disorder during sleep with potential lethality and multi‐complications. Polysomnography (PSG) is now the golden standard for the diagnosis obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome. However, PSG is expensive and time‐consuming. Therefore, it is important to find inexpensive and convenient biomarkers for the diagnosis of OSAHS.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to explore the potential diagnostic value of HIF‐1α for OSAHS and its clinical significance.MethodsThis study consisted of 368 patients admitted to the sleep laboratory. The patients were classified according to their apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) scores as OSA negative (AHI < 5), mild‐moderate (AHI:5‐30), and severe OSA (AHI > 30), and severe OSA treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). qRT‐PCR was used to detect mRNA levels in the plasma; Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation of HIF‐1α mRNA level and the clinicopathological factors of OSAHS; ROC curve was constructed to evaluate the diagnostic value of HIF‐1α mRNA.ResultsHIF‐1α mRNA was significantly up‐regulated in the plasma of OSAHS patients, especially patients with severe OSAHS. HIF‐1α mRNA was positively correlated with the AHI and ODI but negatively correlated with the mean oxygen saturation in patients with OSAHS. Results of ROC curve showed that HIF‐1α is a sensitive biomarker for the diagnosis of OSAHS, especially severe OSAHS.ConclusionsHIF‐1α mRNA might be used as s a convenient and inexpensive method for triaging OSAHS patients PSG assessment in the hospital and evaluate the curative effect.
Vibrational spectroscopic studies, theoretical aspects, and X‐ray analysis of xanthenodiones (1,8‐dioxooctahydroxanthenes)
Authors: da Silva Milene Lopes , Teixeira Róbson Ricardo , de Oliveira Fabrício Marques , de Moura Guimarães Luciano , Martins Felipe Terra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCompounds containing a pyran moiety fused to two cyclohexen‐2‐one rings are collectively called xanthenodiones (1,8‐dioxooctahydroxanthenes). With the aim of increasing the knowledge about the structures of xanthenodiones, in the present investigation two xanthenodiones, namely 9‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐3,4,5,6,7,9‐hexahydro‐1H‐xanthene‐1,8(2H)‐dione (1) and 9‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐3,6‐diisopropyl 3,4,5,6,7,9‐hexahydro‐1H‐xanthene‐1,8(2H)‐dione (2), were synthesized. Their structures were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, infrared (IR), and Raman spectroscopy techniques along with mass spectrometry. In addition, a computational study was carried out involving vibrational spectroscopy, which allowed us to assign vibrational modes and their shifts as lattice environment. Even though compound 2 has two stereocenters, it crystallized in a centrosymmetric space group (P21/c) as expected from its achiral synthesis. This compound also crystallized as monohydrate and the presence of water molecule did not change the conformation of the target compounds.
A reappraisal of the pectoral skeleton of lantern sharks (Elasmobranchii: Squaliformes: Etmopteridae)
Authors: Capretz Batista Da Silva João Paulo , Datovo Aléssio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe morphology of the articular region of the pectoral girdle and associated basals in Etmopteridae is revised in light of new evidence provided by taxa unavailable for previous studies. Such studies considered that etmopterids plesiomorphically had a single pectoral articular condyle, and only Etmopterus had two separate ones. Our reanalysis indicates that the possession of two separate condyles, one for the articulation of the propterygium and the second for the meso‐ and metapterygium, is the most widespread condition in this group. However, the presence of two separate articular condyles is not recovered as a synapomorphy for Etmopteridae. Previous studies also proposed that etmopterids lack a hook‐like process on the anteroproximal margin of the anteriormost pectoral basal. We document that the hook‐like process is plesiomorphically present in Etmopteridae, thus corroborating the hypothesis of closer relationships between this family and the other squaliforms that also share this process, namely Centrophoridae, Dalatiidae, Oxynotidae, and Somniosidae.
Sex‐Specific Behaviors of Hunted Mule Deer During Rifle Season
Authors: Rodgers Patrick A. , Sawyer Hall , Mong Tony W. , Stephens Sam , Kauffman Matthew J. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTAnimal populations face increased threats to mobility and access to critical habitat from a variety of human disturbances including roads, residential development, agriculture, and energy development. Disturbance from human hunting is known to alter habitat use in ungulates, but recent work suggests that hunting may also trigger the onset of migration. Whether this holds true across ungulate species and hunting systems warrants further empirical testing. We used global positioning system location data from mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in south‐central Wyoming, USA, to evaluate the sex‐specific effects of hunting on habitat selection and migratory behavior from 2016 to 2018. We modeled habitat selection before and during hunting season using a step selection function, and we used time‐to‐event models to evaluate if hunting triggered migration. We found habitat selection and migration timing to be sex specific. Males responded to hunting season by selecting security habitat away from motorized routes, whereas females used habitat through hunting season that retained higher forage quality. Weather, as indexed by temperature and precipitation (i.e., snowfall), influenced migration timing for males and females. Migration timing in males was influenced by migration distance, where individuals traveling >50 km tended to migrate earlier than individuals moving <50 km. For deer that survived to rifle season, hunting was less influential on migration timing than environmental factors. Rifle season increased the likelihood of migration by 2% in females and <0.01% in males compared to outside rifle season. Our findings suggest that roadless areas on mule deer summer ranges and within migration corridors reduce the effects of hunting disturbance. Consequently, managers may consider limiting the use of motorized vehicles as a method for reducing effects on migration from hunting disturbance. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.