bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review article: Geothermal heat flow in Antarctica: current and future directions
Authors: Burton-Johnson Alex , Dziadek Ricarda , Martin Carlos 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Antarctic geothermal heat flow (GHF) affects the temperature of the ice
sheet, determining its ability to slide and internally deform, as well as
the behaviour of the continental crust. However, GHF remains poorly
constrained, with few and sparse local, borehole-derived estimates and
large discrepancies in the magnitude and distribution of existing
continent-scale estimates from geophysical models. We review the methods to
estimate GHF, discussing the strengths and limitations of each approach;
compile borehole and probe-derived estimates from measured temperature
profiles; and recommend the following future directions. (1) Obtain more
borehole-derived estimates from the subglacial bedrock and englacial
temperature profiles. (2) Estimate GHF from inverse glaciological modelling,
constrained by evidence for basal melting and englacial temperatures (e.g.
using microwave emissivity). (3) Revise geophysically derived GHF estimates
using a combination of Curie depth, seismic, and thermal isostasy models. (4) Integrate in these geophysical approaches a more accurate model of the
structure and distribution of heat production elements within the crust and
considering heterogeneities in the underlying mantle. (5) Continue
international interdisciplinary communication and data access.
Jornalismo e atualidade em Machado de Assis
Authors: Granja Lucia 
Published: November 2020

Se a estranha atualidade das ideias de Machado de Assis não fosse sempre tão surpreendente, poderia parecer simples repetição que este texto insista em discuti-las. Algumas delas, decorrentes das análises a respeito de política e sociedade, trasbordam de suas crônicas, nas quais o cronista capta imagens, hábitos, práticas e os decortica, de modo a expor a sua natureza, os valores que os definem, as deformações que neles se naturalizam, entre outros. Mais do que comentar o cotidiano, no guarda-chuva escasso da legalidade, na associação da figura dos homens à das personagens, no culto das aparências, entre outros, as crônicas revelam uma lucidez que vai criando parâmetros para uma interpretação do Brasil.
Cinema do tempo, profundidade de campo e a metafísica da memória em Deleuze
Authors: Araújo Ana Carolina Gomes 
Published: November 2020

Em Imagem-tempo Deleuze quando do quarto comentário a Bergson fala em cinema do tempo remetendo a Orson Welles e ao filme Cidadão Kane. O cinema do tempo é apresentado a partir de três caracteres de um tempo não cronológico. Deleuze aponta para uma condição do cinema do tempo ao propor a substituição de uma vista pragmática longitudinal por uma visão ótica, vertical, em profundidade. A profundidade de campo é trabalhada enquanto um elemento conceitual no trato de uma metafísica da memória em diálogo com as bases do cinema moderno, nesse sentido, os três caracteres de um tempo não cronológico e a inserção de uma nova relação entre tempo e espaço no cinema são constituintes de uma imagem tempo direta cujo problema filosófico perpassa a inserção do movimento no pensamento. O encontro do quarto comentário em Imagem-tempo com o primeiro comentário a Bergson em Imagem-movimento é o percurso para compreender a importância da profundidade de campo. Assim o cinema do tempo de Welles é entendido como o cinema de uma metafísica da memória a partir de duas fontes: o esforço atual de evocação para suscitar a imagem-lembrança e a exploração das zonas virtuais de passado para encontrar a imagem-lembrança.
MODELOS CHUVA-VAZÃO: USO DE TÉCNICAS DE APRENDIZAGEM DE MÁQUINAS PARA CALIBRAÇÃO DE MODELOS EM UMA PEQUENA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA
Authors: Luiz Thiago Boeno Patricio , Schroder Thomas 
Published: November 2020

Estimativas de vazões em bacias hidrográficas baseadas em dados de precipitação pluviométrica são extremamente importantes para atividades relacionadas à gestão dos recursos hídricos. A elaboração de cenários de disponibilidade hídrica com boa precisão pode contribuir com os processos de planejamento dos recursos ambientais e evitar possíveis conflitos pelo uso da água. Este trabalho utilizou estruturas baseadas em aprendizagem de máquinas (Machine Learning) para calibrar dois modelos de chuva-vazão em escala diária na Bacia Hidrográfica do Arroio Grande no leste do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram empregados métodos de Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) e Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) com a técnica bootstrap de reamostragem. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade dessas técnicas para modelar a série histórica de vazão, considerando-se a influência de dois pluviômetros localizados próximos à estação fluviométrica. A performance das técnicas utilizadas foi verificada por meio do coeficiente de determinação (R²), que atingiu 0,93 para o algoritmo de redes neurais e de 0,99 para o algoritmo de boosting, bem como pelos baixos valores do desvio absoluto. Através dos gráficos de resíduos foi possível observar o bom desempenho de calibração alcançado na aplicação dessas técnicas, onde a técnica GBM apresentou-se levemente superior à de RNA.
GEOTURISMO NO MUNICÍPIO DE CASTELO DO PIAUÍ – UMA ALTERNATIVA À GERAÇÃO DE RENDA
Authors: Aquino Cláudia Sabóia , Aquino Renê Pedro 
Published: November 2020

Os elementos que constituem a diversidade abiótica da Terra, a exemplo da geologia e geomorfologia de determinada região, expressam a sua geodiversidade e constituem a base para a atividade turística a partir do segmento do geoturismo. Inventariar áreas de relevante interesse quer geológico ou geomorfológico, e avaliar o potencial das mesmas para fins turísticos e seus reflexos para a economia de uma dada área é de suma importância. Deste modo este artigo objetiva i) divulgar áreas de relevante interesse turístico inventariadas em Castelo do Piauí por Lima (2019) e ii) evidenciar o potencial geoturístico do referido município, e sua importância para geração de renda. Foram inventariados por Lima (2019) 10 áreas de relevante interesse geológico e geomorfológico, contudo em apenas 3 delas constatou-se a existência de condições mínimas de acessibilidade e infraestrutura que permitissem a atividade do geoturismo a saber: Pedra do Castelo, Pico dos André e Mini Cânion do Buritizinho. Nas demais áreas de relevante interesse i) Mini Cânion do Esporão, ii) Toca do Índio iii) Ponte de Pedra do Esporão, iv) Mirante da Varjota, v) Juntas Poligonais Boa Vista do Custódio, vi) Castelo de Pedra das Barrocas e vii) Baixa do Cajueiro, inexistem de maneira adequada acesso e infraestrutura viável a visitação por parte dos turistas. Diante do potencial do município para o geoturismo recomenda-se ao poder público a instalação de infraestrutura necessária a visitação das áreas de relevante interesse aqui apresentadas, com vista ao aproveitamento econômico das mesmas para fins de geração de renda e consequente melhoria da qualidade de vida da população residente no município de Castelo do Piauí, Piauí.
A Family in Crisis: A Family Systems Theory Approach to Arthur Miller's “I Don't Need You Any More”
Authors: Chavkin Allan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In “I Don't Need You Any More” (1959), Miller depicts in minute detail complex family dynamics and their emotional impact on a five-year-old child on one crucial day. The members of the family are so immersed in fraught interactions with each other that they themselves do not understand the dynamics of this patriarchal Jewish family. For the reader to understand the family dynamics, the best approach to the story is that of family systems theory, which assumes that to understand a particular individual one should look at the individual not in isolation but in the context of the individual's family. Supporting my analysis by referring to an early unpublished draft, I explain the complicated family dynamics in the story by utilizing key concepts of the family systems theory of Murray Bowen, especially differentiation of self, emotional fusion, triangles, family projection process, chronic anxiety, and sibling position.
State of pathophysiology in undergraduate nursing education: A systematic review
Authors: Colsch Renee , Lehman Suzanne , Tolcser Katherine 
Published: November 2020

Background: Nurses who understand pathophysiology can provide higher quality patient care. Various pedagogical strategies make it unclear which practice meets the challenges of teaching pathophysiology. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize research in the last ten years to report the current state of pedagogical strategies related to teaching pathophysiology concepts in undergraduate nursing.Methods: A systematic review of mixed, quantitative, and qualitative literature guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was conducted from 2010 to 2020 through electronic databases.Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. A gap exists among comparable research designs, pedagogy strategies, and outcomes specific to undergraduate nursing pathophysiology courses. Conclusions: Findings suggest that more rigorous research designs with validated measurement instruments are needed to compare student satisfaction and outcomes after different pedagogical strategies are applied to undergraduate pathophysiology courses. Also, there is a need to elicit findings related to the retention and effectiveness of pathophysiology concepts in clinical practice.
A Review of Psychosocial Models for the Development of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Common Psychosocial Instruments
Authors: Tang Kuok Ho Daniel 
Published: November 2020

Aims: While the biomechanical factors causing musculoskeletal disorder (MSDs) are well defined, the psychosocial dimension of MSDs is complex and affected by personal, organizational and environmental elements. There is an impetus to understand how psychosocial risk factors contribute to the manifestation of MSDs and systematically present the strengths and constraints of various instruments in assessing psychosocial risk factors.
Study Design: This article critically reviews various models linking psychosocial constructs to MSDs and various instruments for evaluating psychosocial risk factors.
Methodology: This article reviews the most pertinent literature which presents and discusses the connection of psychosocial domains with the development of MSDs as well as the common instruments used for evaluation of psychosocial factors.
Results: It shows an intricate connection between psychosocial and biomechanical aspects compounded by organizational, individual and environmental factors. Psychosocial factors particularly psychological demand, decisional latitude, level of social support and work organization result in stress which produces strain and physiological deterioration hence MSDs. Different psychosocial risk factors have also been found to evoke MSDs in different body parts. Overarching cognitive and psychological aspects consisting of work demands, maneuver margins and work recognition have also been proposed in examining the psychosocial dimension of MSDs. Instruments for measuring psychological constructs are often subjective and rely on personal reflections. Some instruments assess multiple psychosocial factors while other assess specific attributes. There instruments share a common shortcoming of treating risk factors across different workplaces as homogenous.
Conclusion: Refinement of the instruments and development of sector-specific instruments are beneficial for more reliable evaluation of psychosocial risk factors.
Venous Thromboembolic Events in African American Lupus Patients in Association With Antiphospholipid Antibodies Compared to White Patients
Authors: Gkrouzman Elena , Peng Mary , Davis‐Porada Julia , Kirou Kyriakos A. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThe risk of thrombotic events is elevated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared to the general population and has been attributed to both systemic inflammation and to the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). Our objective was to examine differences in aPL prevalence in White and African American patients with SLE and venous thromboembolic (VTE) events, and to compare inflammatory markers at the time of a VTE event.MethodsRecords of White and African American patients with SLE and VTE events were retrieved from a rheumatology practice based at an academic hospital. A clinically significant aPL profile was defined as anti‐cardiolipin IgG/IgM and/or anti–β2‐glycoprotein I IgG/IgM ≥40 units, and/or positive lupus anticoagulant ≥1.3. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of a clinically significant aPL profile.ResultsNinety‐seven patients fulfilled American College of Rheumatology and/or 2012 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria for SLE, had a history of VTE events, and had available aPL tests (59 White and 38 African American patients). African American patients were 66% less likely (95% confidence interval 0.12–0.96; P = 0.04) to have a clinically significant aPL profile compared to White patients in multivariable regression. Triple positivity was most frequent among White patients, while 7 of 8 African American patients had a positive lupus anticoagulant test. At the time of a VTE event, African American patients had significantly higher levels of anti–double‐stranded DNA (P = 0.02), lower hemoglobin (P = 0.01), and higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.008).ConclusionAmong patients with SLE and VTE events, African American patients were less likely to have a clinically significant aPL profile compared to White patients, indicating that a negative aPL profile in African American patients does not decrease VTE risk.
Traditional versus fuzzy optimal coupling in multi‐axis distributed motion control: a pre‐IoT‐ integration procedure
Authors: Ghder Soliman Wasim , Reddy D. V. Rama Koti 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor the Internet of Things (IoT)‐enabled motion control, the controller's efficient behavior should be justified before the IoT‐integration procedure. With the IoT revolution, the remote control of multimotors in the industry can take place. For this aim, a set of four permanent magnetic DC (PMDC) motors is considered in the current study as one of the industrial applications in which the speed synchronization of the motors is required. Optimal individual systems controller tuning is performed using the Particle swarm optimization technique which is also used for the coupling gains and scaling factors tuning of the traditional and fuzzy cross‐coupling strategies, respectively, as proposed methods. A comparison between the two proposed coupling strategies and the two existing traditional and fuzzy coupling strategies is carried out as a pre‐IoT‐integration procedure while considering a load implementation on each motor. The comparison procedure takes place in terms of the individual motors performance indices values and the synchronization error performance indices between every two systems. The obtained results show that the proposed fuzzy cross‐coupling strategy gives smaller indices and therefore better synchronization error than the proposed traditional and the other two existing strategies making it more suitable for the IoT‐Integration process. A proposed scheme for the IoT‐integration is presented.
Van der Waals Epitaxial Growth of Mosaic‐Like 2D Platinum Ditelluride Layers for Room‐Temperature Mid‐Infrared Photodetection up to 10.6 µm
Authors: Zeng Longhui , Wu Di , Jie Jiansheng , Ren Xiaoyan , Hu Xin , Lau Shu Ping , Chai Yang , Tsang Yuen Hong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMid‐infrared (MIR) photodetection, covering diverse molecular vibrational regions and atmospheric transmission windows, is vital to civil and military purposes. Versatile use of MIR photodetectors is commonly dominated by HgCdTe alloys, InSb, and quantum superlattices, which are limited by strict operation demands, high‐cost, and environmental toxicity. Despite the rapid advances of black phosphorus (BP)‐based MIR photodetectors, these are subject to poor stability and large‐area integration difficulty. Here, the van der Waals (vdW) epitaxial growth of a wafer‐scale 2D platinum ditelluride (PtTe2) layer is reported via a simple tellurium‐vapor transformation approach. The 2D PtTe2 layer possesses a unique mosaic‐like crystal structure consisting of single‐crystal domains with highly preferential [001] orientation along the normal direction, reducing the influence of interface defects and ensuring efficient out‐of‐plane carrier transportation. This characteristic, combined with the wide absorption of PtTe2 and well‐designed vertical device architecture, makes the PtTe2/Si Schottky junction photodetector capable of sensing ultra‐broadband light of up to 10.6 µm with a high specific detectivity. Also, the photodetector exhibits an excellent room‐temperature infrared‐imaging capability. This approach provides a new design concept for high‐performance, room‐temperature MIR photodetection based on 2D layered materials.
Dendrimer‐Triamcinolone Acetonide Reduces Neuroinflammation, Pathological Angiogenesis, and Neuroretinal Dysfunction in Ischemic Retinopathy
Authors: Cho Hongkwan , Kambhampati Siva P. , Lai Michael J. , Zhou Lingli , Lee Grace , Xie Yangyiran , Hui Qiaoyan , Kannan Rangaramanujam M. , Duh Elia J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in working‐age adults. Severe visual loss in DR is primarily due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy, characterized by pathologic preretinal angiogenesis driven by retinal ischemia. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the retina, have emerged as a potentially important regulator of pathologic retinal angiogenesis. Corticosteroids including triamcinolone acetonide (TA), known for their antiangiogenic effects, are used in treating retinal diseases, but their use is significantly limited by side effects including cataracts and glaucoma. Generation‐4 hydroxyl polyamidoamine dendrimer nanoparticles are utilized to deliver TA to activated microglia in the ischemic retina in a mouse model of oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR). Following intravitreal injection, dendrimer‐conjugated TA (D‐TA) exhibits selective localization and sustained retention in activated microglia in disease‐associated areas of the retina. D‐TA, but not free TA, suppresses inflammatory cytokine production, microglial activation, and preretinal neovascularization in OIR. In addition, D‐TA, but not free TA, ameliorates OIR‐induced neuroretinal and visual dysfunction. These results indicate that activated microglia are a promising therapeutic target for retinal angiogenesis and neuroprotection in ischemic retinal diseases. Furthermore, dendrimer‐based targeted therapy and specifically D‐TA constitute a promising treatment approach for DR, offering increased and sustained drug efficacy with reduced side effects.
Homozygous deletion of 21q22.2 in a patient with hypotonia, developmental delay, cortical visual impairment, and retinopathy
Authors: Hildebrandt Clara , Fulton Anne , Rodan Lance H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract21q22 contains several dosage sensitive genes that are important in neurocognitive development. Determining impacts of gene dosage alterations in this region can be useful in establishing contributions of these genes to human development and disease. We describe a 15‐month‐old girl with a 1,140 kb homozygous deletion in the Down Syndrome Critical Region at 21q22.2 including 4 genes; B3GALT5, IGSF5, PCP4, DSCAM, and a microRNA (MIR4760). Clinical singleton genome sequencing did not report any candidate gene variants for the patient's phenotype. She presented with hypotonia, global developmental delay, cortical visual impairment, and mild facial dysmorphism. Ophthalmological exam was suggestive of retinopathy. We propose that the absence of DSCAM and PCP4 may contribute to the patient's neurological and retinal phenotype, while the role of absent B3GALT5 and IGSF5 in her presentation remain unclear at this time.
Open‐access platform to synthesize knowledge of ape conservation across sites
Authors: Heinicke Stefanie , Ordaz‐Németh Isabel , Junker Jessica , Bachmann Mona E. , Marrocoli Sergio , Wessling Erin G. , Byler Dirck , Cheyne Susan M. , Desmond Jenny , Dowd Dervla , Fitzgerald Maegan , Fourrier Marc , Goedmakers Annemarie , Hernandez‐Aguilar R. Adriana , Hillers Annika , Hockings Kimberley J. , Jones Sorrel , Kaiser Michael , Koops Kathelijne , Lapuente Juan M. , Maisels Fiona , Riedel Julia , Terrade Emilien , Tweh Clement G. , Vergnes Virginie , Vogt Tina , Williamson Elizabeth A. , Kühl Hjalmar S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDespite the large body of literature on ape conservation, much of the data needed for evidence‐based conservation decision‐making is still not readily accessible and standardized, rendering cross‐site comparison difficult. To support knowledge synthesis and to complement the IUCN SSC Ape Populations, Environments and Surveys database, we created the A.P.E.S. Wiki (https://apeswiki.eva.mpg.de), an open‐access platform providing site‐level information on ape conservation status and context. The aim of this Wiki is to provide information and data about geographical ape locations, to curate information on individuals and organizations active in ape research and conservation, and to act as a tool to support collaboration between conservation practitioners, scientists, and other stakeholders. To illustrate the process and benefits of knowledge synthesis, we used the momentum of the update of the conservation action plan for western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) and began with this critically endangered taxon. First, we gathered information on 59 sites in West Africa from scientific publications, reports, and online sources. Information was compiled in a standardized format and can thus be summarized using a web scraping approach. We then asked experts working at those sites to review and complement the information (20 sites have been reviewed to date). We demonstrate the utility of the information available through the Wiki, for example, for studying species distribution. Importantly, as an open‐access platform and based on the well‐known wiki layout, the A.P.E.S. Wiki can contribute to direct and interactive information sharing and promote the efforts invested by the ape research and conservation community. The Section on Great Apes and the Section on Small Apes of the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group will guide and support the expansion of the platform to all small and great ape taxa. Similar collaborative efforts can contribute to extending knowledge synthesis to all nonhuman primate species.
Stereoselective Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Vinylcyclopropanation via Generation of a Sulfur‐Substituted Vinyl Carbene Equivalent
Authors: Yuan Tengrui , Ryckaert Bram , Van Hecke Kristof , Hullaert Jan , Winne Johan M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA stereoselective gold(I)‐catalyzed vinylcyclopropanation of alkenes has been developed. A gold‐coordinated cationic vinyl carbene species, readily generated via a rearrangement of the ethylenedithioacetal of propargyl aldehyde, reacts with a wide range of alkenes to afford thio‐substituted vinylcyclopropanes. The gold‐catalyzed vinyl cyclopropanation proceeds under mild conditions at room temperature and is generally selective for the formation of cis‐substituted cyclopropanes. The reaction allows the formal introduction of a “naked” vinyl carbene, by subsequent chemoselective hydrodesulfurisation of the ethylenedithio‐bridge. The synthetic utility of the new method is demonstrated by a short, racemic formal synthesis of the alkaloid cephalotaxin, hinging on a key vinyl cyclopropane‐cyclopentene rearrangement.