bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumer food stockpiling behavior and willingness to pay for food reserves in COVID-19
Authors: Wang Erpeng , An Ning , Gao Zhifeng , Kiprop Emmanuel , Geng Xianhui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConsumer behavior changes differently in emergencies. Understanding consumer food stockpiling behavior during COVID-19 pandemic can provide critical information for governments and policymakers to adjust inventory and response strategies. This paper analyzed consumer food stockpiling behavior, including the change of food reserve scale and willingness to pay for fresh food reserves in COVID-19. Our paper shows that the scale of food reserve extends from 3.37 to 7.37 days after the outbreak of COVID-19; if available, consumers on average are willing to pay 18.14 yuan (60.47%) premium for fresh products reserves. The result shows that food stockpiling behavior is fueled by a set of multiple motivations and subjective risk perception. Female, high education level and high-income consumers were more likely to reserve larger scale food reserves, but consumers’ willingness to pay for fresh food reserves is determined by income. This study was conducted when new infection cases continued to rise in the world. The story of food stockpiling during the COVID-19 pandemic in China is similar with the rest of world. Consumer stockpiling behavior in China can also be expanded to other countries to predict the change of food demand and understand more about consumer preferences in emergencies.
Insight into Medicinal Chemistry Behind Traditional Chinese Medicines: p-Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol-Derived Dimers and Trimers from Gastrodia elata
Authors: Wang Yanan , Zhang Min , Zhou Xue , Xu Chengbo , Zhu Chenggen , Yuan Yuhe , Chen Naihong , Yang Yongchun , Guo Qinglan , Shi Jiangong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFrom an aqueous extract of “tian ma” (the steamed and dried rhizomes ofGastrodia elata), ten new compounds gastrodibenzins A−D (1−4) and gastrotribenzins A−F (5−10), along with known analogues (11−20), having structure features coupling between two and threep-hydroxybenzyl-derived units via carbon- and/or ether-bonds, were isolated and characterized by spectroscopic data analysis. Meanwhile, the new compounds5a,6a,8a,22, and23, as well as the known derivatives13a,14a,15,17−21,24,25, andp-hydroxybenzyl aldehyde were isolated and identified from a refluxed aqueous solution ofp-hydroxybenzyl alcohol. Methylation of5aand6ain methanol and ethylation of6a,8a,13a, and14ain ethanol produced5and6and7,8,13, and14, respectively. using ultra-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRESIMS) analysis of the refluxed solutions ofp-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and the refluxed extracts of the freshG. elatarhizome and “tian ma” extracts indicated consistent production and variation of the dimeric and trimeric derivatives ofp-hydroxybenzyl alcohol upon extracting solvents and refluxing time. In various assays, the dimeric and trimeric derivatives showed more potent activities thanp-hydroxybenzyl alcohol itself and gastrodin, which are the main known active constituents of “tian ma”. These results revealed for the first time that the more effective dimers and trimers can be produced through condensation of the co-occurringp-hydroxybenzyl alcohol during processing and decocting of theG. elatarhizomes, demonstrating insights into medicinal chemistry behind application protocols of traditional Chinese medicines.Graphic Abstract
The statistical practice of the GTEx Project: from single to multiple tissues
Authors: Liao Xu , Chai Xiaoran , Shi Xingjie , Chen Lin S. , Liu Jin 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe Genotype‐Tissue Expression (GTEx) Project has collected genetic and transcriptome profiles from a wide spectrum of tissues in nearly 1,000 ceased individuals, providing an opportunity to study the regulatory roles of genetic variants in transcriptome activities from both cross‐tissue and tissue‐specific perspectives. Moreover, transcriptome activities ( e.g., transcript abundance and alternative splicing) can be treated as mediators between genotype and phenotype to achieve phenotypic alteration. Knowing the genotype associated transcriptome status, researchers can better understand the biological and molecular mechanisms of genetic risk variants in complex traits.ResultsIn this article, we first explore the genetic architecture of gene expression traits, and then review recent methods on quantitative trait locus (QTL) and co‐expression network analysis. To further exemplify the usage of associations between genotype and transcriptome status, we briefly review methods that either directly or indirectly integrate expression/splicing QTL information in genome‐wide association studies (GWASs).ConclusionsThe GTEx Project provides the largest and useful resource to investigate the associations between genotype and transcriptome status. The integration of results from the GTEx Project and existing GWASs further advances our understanding of roles of gene expression changes in bridging both the genetic variants and complex traits.
Group processes and creative components in a problem-solving task with modular robotics
Authors: Cassone Laura , Romero Margarida , Basiri Esfahani Shirin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGroup process assessment is one of the methodological challenges in computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL). The aim of this study is to analyze the group process dimensions in a problem-solving task with modular robotics in which creative components of fluidity, flexibility and innovation can be observed. The analysis of group process dimensions in relation to the creative components aims to understand the way group processes can support the creativity process in a problem-solving task. For this objective, 24 dyads of in-service teachers in a creative problem-solving task with modular robotics were engaged. The group process dimensions of conversation, social interaction and problem-solving was identified based on a CSCL coding schema developed for the Virtual Math Team environment. The creative components of fluidity, flexibility and innovation are operationalized based on Guilford’s Alternate Uses Test’s components. The results show the creative component of innovation is related to interactions of support within the dyad. Moreover, the participants dedicating more time to solve the task are engaged not only in more problem-solving interactions with their dyad but also in building more innovative figures, and they also make more figures together. Those results lead us to consider the importance of a positive emotional environment in the context of collaborative creation.
Wundts genetische Religionspsychologie als kulturelles Zeitzeugnis
Authors: Allolio-Näcke Lars 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Text geht der Frage nach, wie die genetische Religionspsychologie von Wilhelm Wundt als Zeitzeugnis verstanden werden kann. Dabei wird zunächst das Gesamtwerk der Völkerpsychologie betrachtet, in das die Wundtsche Religionspsychologie eingebettet ist. Die Völkerpsychologie erweist sich einerseits als ein Kind ihrer Zeit, da sie völkerpsychologische Gedanken zweier verschiedener Strömungen miteinander verknüpft. Dies führt aber andererseits dazu, dass Wundts Ansatz einzigartig ist. Insbesondere im letzten Kapitel der Völkerpsychologie wird auch Wundt als Kind seiner Zeit sichtbar, indem er sich zur politischen Lage und zur Zukunft der Kultur äußert. Wundts Religionspsychologie lässt sich ebenso als Kind ihrer Zeit lesen. Sie verbindet die damals dominierende Religionsgeschichte mit der Psychologie, scheitert aber meines Erachtens daran, den Phänomenen gerecht zu werden, indem er sie doch teleologisch hierarchisiert und vom Heute in die Geschichte projiziert.
Numerical Study of Density-Driven Convection in Laminated Heterogeneous Porous Media
Authors: Li Qian , Cai Wei Hua , Li Bing Xi , Chen Ching-Yao 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTIn the present study, we use direct numerical simulation to investigate the density-driven convection in a two-dimensional anisotropic heterogeneous porous media associated with significant laminated formation. At first, the heterogeneous porous media are randomly generated to represent laminated structure, in which the horizontal correlation length of permeability field is much longer than the vertical counterpart. Then, a highly accurate pseudo-spectral method and compact finite difference scheme with higher order of accuracy are employed to numerically reproduce the convection flow in the laminated porous media. The results show that the laminated structures restrict interactions among the downward plumes of heavier fluid. The plumes tend to descend more straightly in a laminated porous medium associated with a slower growth rate. As a result, the laminated distribution of permeability is considered having an inhibiting effect on the convection flow.
Proposal of Novel Icing Simulation Using a Hybrid Grid- and Particle-Based Method
Authors: Toba D. , Fukudome K. , Mamori H. , Fukushima N. , Yamamoto M. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTIcing on aircraft can drastically reduce aerodynamic performance and lead to serious accidents. Therefore, prediction of the accreted ice shape and area and its effects on aerodynamic performance is crucial during the design phase of an aircraft. However, numerical simulations based on conventional grid-based methods such as the finite volume method cannot accurately reproduce the complex ice shapes, which involve horn growth, feather growth, air voids, and severe surface roughness. In the present study, instead of the grid-based method, a hybrid grid- and particle-based method was newly proposed and applied to the icing problem on a NACA0012 airfoil. The explicit moving particle semi-implicit method was employed as the particle-based method due to its short computing time. The numerical simulations effectively reproduced feather-shaped ice, air voids, and surface roughness. Finally, by computing the flow around the iced airfoil, it was confirmed that flow separation around the leading edge occurred due to the ice layer, which resulted in a thicker boundary layer and wake and an increase in the drag coefficient of approximately 70% after a residence time of only 60 seconds.
Study on Electromechanical Behavior of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Composite Beams
Authors: Ma Xiao , Wang Shuai , Zhou Bo , Xue Shifeng 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the electromechanical behavior of functionally graded piezoelectric composite beams containing axially functionally graded (AFG) beam and piezoelectric actuators subjected to electrical load. The mechanical properties of the AFG beam are assumed to be graded along the axial direction. Employing the electromechanical coupling theory and load simulation method, the expression for the simulation load of the piezoelectric actuators is obtained. Based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and the obtained simulation load, the differential governing equation of the piezoelectric composite beams subjected to electrical load is derived. The integration-by-parts approach is utilized to solve the differential governing equation, and the expression for the deflection of the piezoelectric composite beams is obtained. The accuracy of the proposed method is validated by the finite element method. The bending response of the functionally graded piezoelectric composite beams is investigated through the proposed method. In the numerical examples, the effects of electrical load, actuator thickness, AFG beam thickness and AFG beam length on the electromechanical behavior of the functionally graded piezoelectric composite beams are studied.
Social cohesion emerging from a community-based physical activity program: A temporal network analysis
Authors: Jaramillo Ana María , Montes Felipe , Sarmiento Olga L. , Ríos Ana Paola , Rosas Lisa G. , Hunter Ruth F. , Rodríguez Ana Lucía , King Abby C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCommunity-based physical activity programs, such as the Recreovía, are effective in promoting healthy behaviors in Latin America. To understand Recreovías’ challenges and scalability, we characterized its social network longitudinally while studying its participants’ social cohesion and interactions. First, we constructed the Main network of the program’s Facebook profile in 2013 to determine the main stakeholders and communities of participants. Second, we studied the Temporal network growth of the Facebook profiles of three Recreovía locations from 2008 to 2016. We implemented a Time Windows in Networks algorithm to determine observation periods and a scaling model of cities’ growth to measure social cohesion over time. Our results show physical activity instructors as the main stakeholders (20.84% nodes of the network). As emerging cohesion, we found: (1) incremental growth of Facebook users (43–272 nodes), friendships (55–2565 edges), clustering coefficient (0.19–0.21), and density (0.04–0.07); (2) no preferential attachment behavior; and (3) a social cohesion super-linear growth with 1.73 new friendships per joined user. Our results underscore the physical activity instructors’ influence and the emergent cohesion in innovation periods as a co-benefit of the program. This analysis associates the social and healthy behavior dimensions of a program occurring in natural environments under a systemic approach.
Anomalous Salt Dependence Reveals an Interplay of Attractive and Repulsive Electrostatic Interactions in α-synuclein Fibril Formation
Authors: Gaspar Ricardo , Lund Mikael , Sparr Emma , Linse Sara 
Published: August 2020

Abstractα-Synuclein (α-syn) is an intrinsically disordered protein with a highly asymmetric charge distribution, whose aggregation is linked to Parkinson’s disease. The effect of ionic strength was investigated at mildly acidic pH (5.5) in the presence of catalytic surfaces in the form of α-syn seeds or anionic lipid vesicles using thioflavin T fluorescence measurements. Similar trends were observed with both surfaces: increasing ionic strength reduced the rate of α-syn aggregation although the surfaces as well as α-syn have a net negative charge at pH 5.5. This anomalous salt dependence implies that short-range attractive electrostatic interactions are critical for secondary nucleation as well as heterogeneous primary nucleation. Such interactions were confirmed in Monte Carlo simulations of α-syn monomers interacting with surface-grafted C-terminal tails, and found to be weakened in the presence of salt. Thus, nucleation of α-syn aggregation depends critically on an attractive electrostatic component that is screened by salt to the extent that it outweighs the screening of the long-range repulsion between negatively charged monomers and negative surfaces. Interactions between the positively charged N-termini of α-syn monomers on the one hand, and the negatively C-termini of α-syn on fibrils or vesicles surfaces on the other hand, are thus critical for nucleation.
Selenium and viral infection: are there lessons for COVID-19?
Authors: Bermano Giovanna , Méplan Catherine , Mercer Derry K. , Hesketh John E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSe is a micronutrient essential for human health. Sub-optimal Se status is common, occurring in a significant proportion of the population across the world including parts of Europe and China. Human and animal studies have shown that Se status is a key determinant of the host response to viral infections. In this review, we address the question whether Se intake is a factor in determining the severity of response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Emphasis is placed on epidemiological and animal studies which suggest that Se affects host response to RNA viruses and on the molecular mechanisms by which Se and selenoproteins modulate the inter-linked redox homeostasis, stress response and inflammatory response. Together these studies indicate that Se status is an important factor in determining the host response to viral infections. Therefore, we conclude that Se status is likely to influence human response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and that Se status is one (of several) risk factors which may impact on the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in populations where Se intake is sub-optimal or low. We suggest the use of appropriate markers to assess the Se status of COVID-19 patients and possible supplementation may be beneficial in limiting the severity of symptoms, especially in countries where Se status is regarded as sub-optimal.
Fermentation profile and nutritional quality of silages composed of cactus pear and maniçoba for goat feeding
Authors: Matias A. G. S. , Araujo G. G. L. , Campos F. S. , Moraes S. A. , Gois G. C. , Silva T. S. , Emerenciano Neto J. V. , Voltolini T. V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the fermentation profile and nutritional quality of silages composed of cactus pear and maniçoba. Two experiments were performed: the first evaluated the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and determined the organic acids in cactus pear silages with the inclusion of five levels of maniçoba (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) in six opening times (1, 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days). The second experiment determined the nutrient intake, digestibility, water balance and nitrogen balance in Canindé goats fed diets based on cactus pear silage with the inclusion of four levels of maniçoba (25, 50, 75 and 100%), with six animals per treatment. The increase in maniçoba levels in cactus pear silage provided a linear increase in the butyric acid, dry matter (DM), ether extract, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, water intake via drinking fountain and metabolic water, and reduced the pH, lactic acid, acetic acid, mineral matter, total carbohydrates, non-fibrous carbohydrates, water intake via food, total water intake, water excreted in the faeces, water excreted in the urine, total water excretion and water balance. Quadratic behaviour was observed for N-NH3, DM recovery and propionic acid, with an increase in maniçoba levels in cactus pear silages. Regarding the different opening times, there was a significant effect in pH, N-NH3, acetic acid, lactic acid and butyric acid (P< 0.050). The inclusion of maniçoba in cactus pear silage improved the fermentation characteristics and nutritional quality to be used in diets for goats.
The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on head and neck cancer services: a UK tertiary centre study
Authors: Taylor R , Omakobia E , Sood S , Glore R J 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has necessitated almost exclusive National Health Service focus on emergency work and cancer care. There are concerns that increased hospital and community pressures will lead to decreased referrals and worse outcomes for head and neck cancer patients.MethodThis is a retrospective review of all cases referred for suspected head and neck cancer to our institution in January and April 2020.ResultsThere was a 55 per cent decrease in referrals but diagnostic yield rose from 2.9 per cent in January to 8.06 per cent in April. In both months, 100 per cent of patients met the 31- and 62-day targets, with similar 14-day wait time success (97.83 per cent for January vs 98.33 per cent for April). Referrals for laryngopharyngeal reflux rose from 27.5 per cent to 41.9 per cent. Referrals for those aged over 60 years fell from 42 per cent to 26 per cent.ConclusionIt is suggested that further research be conducted into the reasons why fewer patients were referred, particularly elderly patients, and why laryngopharyngeal reflux is so prevalent in fast-track referrals.
The UK national registry of ENT surgeons with coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Stephenson K , Sowerby LJ , Hopkins C , Kumar N 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundENT surgeons are likely to be at high risk of coronavirus disease 2019 exposure.MethodsA national registry of UK ENT surgeons with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 was created with the support of ENT UK. Voluntary entry was made by either the affected individual or a colleague, using a web-based platform.ResultsA four-month data collection period is reported, comprising 73 individuals. Coronavirus disease 2019 was test-confirmed in 35 respondents (47.9 per cent). There was a need for hospitalisation in two cases (2.7 per cent) and tragically one individual died. Symptom onset peaked in March. The majority suspected their exposure to have been in the workplace, with a significant proportion attributing their disease to a lack of personal protective equipment at a time before formal guidance had been introduced.ConclusionThe registry suggests that a significant number of ENT clinicians in the UK have contracted coronavirus disease 2019, and supports the need for tailored personal protective equipment guidance and service planning.
Polygenic risk for schizophrenia and schizotypal traits in non-clinical subjects
Authors: Nenadić Igor , Meller Tina , Schmitt Simon , Stein Frederike , Brosch Katharina , Mosebach Johannes , Ettinger Ulrich , Grant Phillip , Meinert Susanne , Opel Nils , Lemke Hannah , Fingas Stella , Förster Katharina , Hahn Tim , Jansen Andreas , Andlauer Till F. M. , Forstner Andreas J. , Heilmann-Heimbach Stefanie , Hall Alisha S. M. , Awasthi Swapnil , Ripke Stephan , Witt Stephanie H. , Rietschel Marcella , Müller-Myhsok Bertram , Nöthen Markus M. , Dannlowski Udo , Krug Axel , Streit Fabian , Kircher Tilo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSchizotypy is a putative risk phenotype for psychosis liability, but the overlap of its genetic architecture with schizophrenia is poorly understood.MethodsWe tested the hypothesis that dimensions of schizotypy (assessed with the SPQ-B) are associated with a polygenic risk score (PRS) for schizophrenia in a sample of 623 psychiatrically healthy, non-clinical subjects from the FOR2107 multi-centre study and a second sample of 1133 blood donors.ResultsWe did not find correlations of schizophrenia PRS with either overall SPQ or specific dimension scores, nor with adjusted schizotypy scores derived from the SPQ (addressing inter-scale variance). Also, PRS for affective disorders (bipolar disorder and major depression) were not significantly associated with schizotypy.ConclusionsThis important negative finding demonstrates that despite the hypothesised continuum of schizotypy and schizophrenia, schizotypy might share less genetic risk with schizophrenia than previously assumed (and possibly less compared to psychotic-like experiences).
What Factors Shape Self-Reported Health Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults? A Scoping Review
Authors: Whitmore Carly , Markle-Reid Maureen , Fisher Kathryn , McAiney Carrie , Ploeg Jenny 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTSelf-reported health is a predictive measure of morbidity and mortality across populations. A comprehensive understanding of the factors that shape self-reported health among community-dwelling older adults, a growing population globally, is lacking. The aim of this review was to summarize the factors that are associated with self-reported health among this population and identify key areas for future research. Accordingly, we conducted a scoping review using the stage-wise framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley. We summarized 42 factors, as identified in 30 publications, and organized them into four categories. Key factors shaping self-reported health included the presence of chronic conditions and depressive symptoms. As the population of community-dwelling older adults continues to increase, there remains a need to understand how these identified factors shape self-reported health. To date, empirical research has been limited to observational and cross-sectional designs. There is a need to further explore these factors in longitudinal data.