bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavior of Columns Confined With FRP Fabrics under Repeated Lateral Loads
Authors: Haggag Hesham A. , Hanna Nagy F. , Ahmed Ghada G. 
Published: October 2019

The axial strength of reinforced concrete columns is enhanced by wrapping them with Fiber Reinforced Polymers, FRP, fabrics. The efficiency of such enhancement is investigated for columns when they are subjected to repeated lateral loads accompanied with their axial loading. The current research presents that investigation for Glass and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (GFRP and CFRP) strengthening as well. The reduction of axial loading capacity due to repeated loads is evaluated. The number of applied FRP plies with different types (GFRP or CFRP) are considered as parameters in our study. The study is evaluated experimentally and numerically. The numerical investigation is done using ANSYS software. The experimental testing are done on five half scale reinforced concrete columns. The loads are applied into three stages. Axial load are applied on specimen in stage 1 with a value of 30% of the ultimate column capacity. In stage 2, the lateral loads are applied in repeated manner in the existence of the vertical loads. In the last stage the axial load is continued till the failure of the columns. The final axial capacities after applying the lateral action, mode of failure, crack patterns and lateral displacements are recorded. Analytical comparisons for the analyzed specimens with the experimental findings are done. It is found that the repeated lateral loads decrease the axial capacity of the columns with a ratio of about (38%-50%). The carbon fiber achieved less reduction in the column axial capacity than the glass fiber. The column confinement increases the ductility of the columns under the lateral loads.
Prevalence of Multi-Drug Resistance Traits in Probiotic Bacterial Species from Fermented Milk Products in Bangladesh
Authors: Shahriar Asif , Alo Mahenaj , Hossain Md. Fahad , Bin Emran Talha , Uddin Md. Zia , Paul Arkajyoti 
Published: October 2019

Aims: Matured nourishment like yogurt and cheese are great wellsprings of probiotic living beings. The present study was carried out for isolation, identification and antibiotic profiling of some important bacteria in, local fermented milk-products sold in the market of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Methodology: Twenty types of yogurt and fifteen types of cheese samples were collected from two different local market. De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe agar (MRS agar) and Streptococcus thermophilus agar (ST agar) were used for the isolation of probiotic micro-organisms from these different fermented dairy products. Characterization of lactic acid bacteria belonging to the species of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus was done by using morphological feature, Gram staining, biochemical tests (catalase test, some carbohydrate fermentation tests, alpha haemolysis test, starch hydrolysis test, bile salt tolerance test). The antibiotic profiling was performed by utilizing twelve distinct antibiotics: amikacin (10 μg), amoxicillin (15 μg), azithromycin (30 μg), bacitracin (30 μg), chloramphenicol (30 μg), ciprofloxacin (10 μg), erythromycin (30 μg), gentamicin (30 μg), kanamycin (30 μg), penicillin g (30 μg), tetracycline (15 μg), vancomycin (15 μg) to identified the multi-drug resistance of probiotic micro-organisms.
Results: The outcomes demonstrated that specific bacterial species (L. acidophilus, L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus) were utilized in the production of yogurt and cheese samples, that may have unnecessary antibiotic resistances which can be a risk if they transfer antibiotic resistance genes to pathogenic microbes. Notably, L. bulgaricus was effectively susceptible against bacitracin and penicillin g.
Conclusion: Yogurt and cheese are one kind of probiotic source, made up by using probiotic starter cultures (Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus thermophilus) which were identified in this study. Most of the probiotic micro-organisms were resistant against these widely accepted commercial antibiotics. These resistant lactic acid bacteria may transfer their resistance genes to pathogenic microorganisms. It can be a significant cause of concern for human and animal health.
A High‐Performing, Visible‐Light‐Driven Actuating Material Responsive to Ultralow Light Intensities
Authors: Kwan Kin Wa , Ngan Alfonso Hing Wan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLight‐driven actuating materials are highly desirable for miniaturized, untethered devices and microrobots. However, current light actuators require high light intensity or the use of UV or IR light to operate, which greatly increase the cost and difficulty for real‐life applications. Here, a significant visible (vis)‐light‐driven actuation effect in cobalt oxides/hydroxides (C–O–H), inducible at low intensities from ≈3 mW cm−2 (≈0.03 sun), is reported. In the form of bilayered films, the actuators can curl into loops at 70–180 ms per loop, corresponding to a high intrinsic strain of more than 1% at strain rate 0.6% s−1, and actuating stress exceeding 60 MPa, at ≈50 mW cm−2 (≈0.5 sun). Linear actuators made from actuating hinges of C–O–H can weightlift objects ≈200 times heavier than the active material. A chemo‐mechanics model describes the actuation well, showing that the mechanism is light‐induced volume shrinkage assisted by diffusion, and C–O–H exhibits outperforming chemical driving force per unit light‐intensity stimulation.
The Effect of Antioxidants on Corn and Sunflower Biodiesel Properties under Extreme Oxidation Conditions
Authors: Nogales‐Delgado Sergio , Encinar José María , Guiberteau Agustina , Márquez Sandra 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBiodiesel is an alternative to mineral fuels, with advantages such as biodegradability. However, this makes biodiesel unstable to oxidation. In this way, the use of natural or synthetic antioxidants is necessary. Although many studies have paid attention to the effect of these antioxidants on oxidation stability, not much literature about their effect of them on other properties (before and during storage) was found. The aim of this research study was to characterize biodiesel from corn and sunflower by adding two antioxidants, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), in order to improve its oxidation stability. Moreover, the effect of oxidation on the parameters of biodiesel was studied by using extreme oxidation conditions to accelerate the oxidation process. Both antioxidants improved the oxidation stability of biodiesel, whereas some parameters were altered (viscosity and acid number), which could make this biofuel, if high concentrations of antioxidants are used, unsuitable for commercialization according to standards.
Construction of electrostatic and π–π interaction to enhance interfacial adhesion between carbon nanoparticles and polymer matrix
Authors: Ma Lin , Zhao Dan , Zheng Junping 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, an efficient method by constructing electrostatic and π–π interaction to enhance interfacial adhesion of nanocomposites was contrived. As commercial products and commonly used reinforcements, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene oxide (GO) were selected as fillers. Two kinds of interactions between carbon nanoparticles and polymer matrix were constructed by adding auxiliary comonomers (ACMs) into nanocomposites, in which one was the electrostatic interaction between quaternary ammonium cationic groups on ACMs as well as oxygen‐containing groups of carbon nanoparticles, while the other was the π–π interaction between benzene rings on ACMs and conjugated structure on nanoparticles. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was chosen as a polymer matrix. It was found that carbon nanoparticles dramatically improved properties of nanocomposites, including thermal and mechanical performances due to the construction of electrostatic and π–π interaction on the interface. Compared with PMMA, the tensile strength of CNTs and GO reinforced nanocomposites was improved by 43.1 and 57.5%, respectively. The thermal decomposition temperature of CNTs and GO reinforced nanocomposites was improved by 21 and 23°C, respectively. Interesting and convincing results proved that the construction of multiple interactions can provide a promising method to effectively enhance interfacial adhesion of nanocomposites. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48633.
Development of SSR markers for Astragalus lehmannianus, a vulnerable species from northwestern China
Authors: Wu Mingying , Shi Xiaojun , Tan Dunyan 
Published: October 2019

PremiseAstragalus lehmannianus (Fabaceae) is a vulnerable species found in the cold deserts of northwestern China. We aimed to characterize polymorphic microsatellite loci for A. lehmannianus to support future studies of population genetic dynamics and conservation management of the species.Methods and ResultsWe used next‐generation sequencing to detect polymorphic microsatellites. Twenty‐five potential microsatellite loci were identified, 12 of which were polymorphic and present in the three study populations of A. lehmannianus. Levels of observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.000–1.000 and 0.000–0.827, respectively. Furthermore, two and five of the 12 developed primers were successfully amplified in two congeneric species, A. arpilobus and A. oxyglottis, respectively.ConclusionsThese newly developed microsatellite markers can be used to determine population diversity and to develop conservation strategies in A. lehmannianus.
Implications of hydrodynamic testing to guide sizing of self‐expanding transcatheter heart valves for valve‐in‐valve procedures
Authors: Sathananthan Janarthanan , Hensey Mark , Fraser Rob , Landes Uri , Blanke Philipp , Hatoum Hoda , Dasi Lakshmi Prasad , Sedaghat Alexander , Bapat Vinayak N , Leipsic Jonathon , Søndergaard Lars , Wood David A. , Webb John G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsThe commonly used valve‐in‐valve (VIV) app recommends sizing based on dimensions of both the transcatheter heart valve (THV) and bioprosthetic surgical valve. The implications of hydrodynamic testing to guide VIV sizing are poorly understood. This bench study assessed the hydrodynamic performance of different sizes of self‐expanding supra‐annular THVs in three different surgical aortic bioprostheses at different implantation depths.MethodsA small versus medium ACURATE neo (ACn), and a 26 mm versus 29 mm Evolut R were assessed after VIV implantation in 25 mm Mitroflow, Mosaic, and Magna Ease aortic surgical bioprostheses, at three implantation depths (+2 mm, ‐2 mm, and ‐6 mm).ResultsThe medium‐sized ACn had lower gradients compared to the small ACn when the THV was implanted high (+2 mm, or ‐2 mm). The 29 mm Evolut R had lower gradients compared to a 26 mm Evolut R for all implantation depths, except for a depth of ‐2 mm in the 25 mm Mitroflow. The medium ACn and 29 mm Evolut R had larger effective orifice areas compared to the small ACn and 26 mm Evolut R, respectively. Both Evolut R sizes had acceptable regurgitant fractions (<15%), while both ACn sizes were above the acceptable performance criteria (>15%), at all implantation depths.ConclusionsUse of a larger self‐expanding THV was associated with superior hydrodynamic performance if the THV was implanted high. Hydrodynamic testing can provide additional information to the VIV app to help guide VIV sizing.
Outcomes of urgent versus nonurgent transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Elbadawi Ayman , Elgendy Islam Y. , Mentias Amgad , Saad Marwan , Mohamed Ahmed H. , Choudhry Muhammad Waqas , Ogunbayo Gbolahan O. , Gilani Syed , Jneid Hani 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is a paucity of data regarding the outcomes of transcatheter valve replacement (TAVR) performed in an urgent clinical setting.MethodsThe Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database years 2011–2014 was used to identify hospitalizations for TAVR in the urgent setting. Using propensity score matching, we compared patients who underwent TAVR in nonurgent versus urgent settings.ResultsAmong 42,154 hospitalizations in which TAVR was performed, 10,114 (24%) underwent urgent TAVR. There was an uptrend in the rate of urgent TAVR procedures (p = .001). The rates of in‐hospital mortality among this group did not change during the study period (p = .713). Nonurgent TAVR was associated with lower mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69–0.89, p < .001) compared with urgent TAVR. Nonurgent TAVR was associated with lower incidence of cardiogenic shock (OR = 0.46; 95%CI: 0.40–0.53 p < .001), use of mechanical circulatory support devices (OR = 0.69; 95%CI: 0.59–0.82, p < .001), AKI (OR = 0.60; 95%CI: 0.56–0.64 p < .001), hemodialysis (OR = 0.67; 95%CI: 0.56–0.80 p < .001), major bleeding (OR = 0.94; 95%CI: 0.89–0.99 p = .045) and shorter length of stay (7.08 ± 6.317 vs. 12.39 ± 9.737 days, p < .001). There was no difference in acute stroke (OR = 0.96; 95%CI: 0.81–1.14, p = .636), vascular complications (OR = 1.07; 95%CI: 0.89–1.29, p = .492), and pacemaker insertions (OR = 0.92; 95%CI: 0.84–1.01, p = .067) between both groups. Among those undergoing urgent TAVR, subgroup analysis showed higher mortality in patients ≤80 years (p = .033), women (p < .001), chronic kidney disease (p = .001), heart failure (p < .001), and liver disease (p = .003).ConclusionIn this large nationwide analysis, almost a quarter of TAVR procedures were performed in the urgent settings. Although urgent TAVR was associated with higher mortality and increased complications compared with nonurgent TAVR, the absolute difference in in‐hospital mortality was not remarkably higher. Thus, urgent TAVR can be considered as a reasonable approach when indicated.
Transition‐Metal‐Like Reversible Cycloadditions of [tBuSP‐W(CO)5] with Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Wang Min , Xu Yang , Wei Donghui , Tian Rongqiang , Duan Zheng , Mathey François 
Published: October 2019

Abstracttert‐Butylthiophosphinidene complex [tBuSP‐W(CO)5] was generated by dissociation of 1‐(tert‐butylthio)phosphirane–W(CO)5 complex under mild conditions. The formation of transient [tBuSP‐W(CO)5] was indicated by trapping reactions with 2,3‐dimethyl‐1,3‐butadiene, alkynes, phenanthrene‐9,10‐dione, and methanol. The LUMO of [MeSP‐W(CO)5] is significantly lower in energy than those of [Me2NP‐W(CO)5], [MeOP‐W(CO)5], and [Me2PP‐W(CO)5]. The HOMO of [MeSP‐W(CO)5] contains a significant contribution from the in‐plane lone pair of P and the LUMO shows a typical π* characteristic. Since stabilized by sulfur lone pair and coordinated by W(CO)5, [tBuSP‐W(CO)5] undergoes facile and reversible cycloadditions with alkenes and alkynes.
Multifunctional Glycoconjugates for Recruiting Natural Antibodies against Cancer Cells
Authors: Liet Benjamin , Laigre Eugénie , Goyard David , Todaro Biagio , Tiertant Claire , Boturyn Didier , Berthet Nathalie , Renaudet Olivier 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Olivier Renaudet and co‐workers at the Université Grenoble Alpes and funded by the European Research Council (CoG “LEGO′” no. 647938). The image illustrates a synthetic chemist playing with supramolecular structures to kill cancer cells by using natural antibodies present in the blood stream. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201903327.
ComChain: A blockchain with Byzantine fault‐tolerant reconfiguration
Authors: Vizier Guillaume , Gramoli Vincent 
Published: October 2019

SummarySelecting which blockchain participants can decide upon a new block is a difficult problem. Consortium blockchains need the participants to be predetermined while public blockchains incentivize all participants to waste their resources to decide every block. In this paper, we introduce the community blockchain that allows potentially all participants to decide upon “some” block while restricting the set of participants deciding upon “one” block. To this end, we propose a blockchain reconfiguration, a Byzantine consensus protocol that allows to dynamically change the set of blockchain participants deciding upon the upcoming blocks. The resulting blockchain, called ComChain, is resilience optimal and transitions through different configurations of participants recorded in dedicated blocks so that each configuration decides upon its subsequent transaction blocks. We evaluate an implementation that adds reconfiguration to the Red Belly Blockchain and demonstrates its practical performance in a distributed system.
Intervertebral disc degeneration: A focus on obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Cannata Francesca , Vadalà Gianluca , Ambrosio Luca , Fallucca Sara , Napoli Nicola , Papalia Rocco , Pozzilli Paolo , Denaro Vincenzo 
Published: October 2019

SummaryObesity (OB) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are among the most prevalent metabolic diseases. They currently affect a substantial part of the world population and are characterized by several systemic co‐morbidities, including cardiovascular diseases, stroke, cancer, liver steatosis, and musculoskeletal disorders, by increasing the risk of developing osteoarthritis and intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). IVDD is a chronic, progressive process whose main features are disc dehydration, loss of disc height, and changes of load distribution across the spine, resulting in disc structure disruption and leading to low back pain onset. Given the high prevalence of these metabolic disorders and their association with IVDD, several studies have been conducted in order to investigate the causative role of biological and biomechanical characteristics proper to these conditions in the development of IVDD. This review aims to analyse the role of OB and T2D on IVDD, in order to clarify the pathophysiological drivers of the degenerative process and to delineate possible targets to which appropriate treatments may be addressed in the near future.
Looking back to look ahead: a vision for soil denitrification research
Authors: Almaraz Maya , Wong Michelle Y. , Yang Wendy H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDenitrification plays a critical role in regulating ecosystem nutrient availability and anthropogenic reactive nitrogen (N) production. Its importance has inspired an increasing number of studies, yet it remains the most poorly constrained term in terrestrial ecosystem N budgets. We censused the peer‐reviewed soil denitrification literature (1975–2015) to identify opportunities for future studies to advance our understanding despite the inherent challenges in studying the process. We found that only one‐third of studies reported estimates of both nitrous oxide (N2O) and dinitrogen (N2) production fluxes, often the dominant end products of denitrification, while the majority of studies reported only net N2O fluxes or denitrification potential. Of the 236 studies that measured complete denitrification to N2, 49% used the acetylene inhibition method, 84% were conducted in the laboratory, 81% were performed on surface soils (0–20 cm depth), 75% were located in North America and Europe, and 78% performed treatment manipulations, mostly of N, carbon, or water. To improve understanding of soil denitrification, we recommend broadening access to technologies for new methodologies to measure soil N2 production rates, conducting more studies in the tropics and on subsoils, performing standardized experiments on unmanipulated soils, and using more precise terminology to refer to measured process rates (e.g., net N2O flux or denitrification potential). To overcome the greater challenges in studying soil denitrification, we envision coordinated research efforts based on standard reporting of metadata for all soil denitrification studies, standard protocols for studies contributing to a Global Denitrification Research Network, and a global consortium of denitrification researchers to facilitate sharing ideas, resources, and to provide mentorship for researchers new to the field.
Heart failure in Norway, 2000–2014: analysing incident, total and readmission rates using data from the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway (CVDNOR) Project
Authors: Sulo Gerhard , Igland Jannicke , Øverland Simon , Egeland Grace M. , Roth Gregory A. , Vollset Stein E. , Tell Grethe S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsTo examine trends in heart failure (HF) hospitalization rates and risk of readmissions following an incident HF hospitalization.Methods and resultsDuring 2000–2014, we identified in the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway Project 142 109 hospitalizations with HF as primary diagnosis. Trends of incident and total (incident and recurrent) HF hospitalization rates were analysed using negative binomial regression models. Changes over time in 30‐day and 3‐year risk of HF recurrences or cardiovascular disease (CVD)‐related readmissions were analysed using Fine and Grey competing risk regression, with death as competing events. Age‐standardized rates declined on average 1.9% per year in men and 1.8% per year in women for incident HF hospitalizations (both Ptrend < 0.001) but did not change significantly in either men or women for total HF hospitalizations. In men surviving the incident HF hospitalization, 30‐day and 3‐year risk of a HF recurrent event increased 1.7% and 1.2% per year, respectively. Similarly, 30‐day and 3‐year risk of a CVD‐related hospitalization increased 1.5% and 1.0% per year, respectively (all Ptrend < 0.001). No statistically significant changes in the risk of HF recurrences or CVD‐related readmissions were observed among women. In‐hospital mortality for a first and recurrent HF episode declined over time in both men and women.ConclusionsIncident HF hospitalization rates declined in Norway during 2000–2014. An increase in the risk of recurrences in the context of reduced in‐hospital mortality following an incident and recurrent HF hospitalization led to flat trends of total HF hospitalization rates.
Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology position paper on frailty in patients with heart failure
Authors: Vitale Cristiana , Jankowska Ewa , Hill Loreena , Piepoli Massimo , Doehner Wolfram , Anker Stefan D. , Lainscak Mitja , Jaarsma Tiny , Ponikowski Piotr , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Seferovic Petar , Coats Andrew J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHeart failure (HF) and frailty are two distinct yet commonly associated conditions. The interplay between the two conditions is complex, due to overlaps in underlying mechanisms, symptoms and prognosis. The assessment of frailty in patients with HF is crucial, as it is associated with both unfavourable outcomes and reduced access and tolerance to treatments. However, to date a consensus definition of frailty in patients with HF remains lacking and the need for a validated assessment score, for identifying those HF patients with frailty, is high and timely. This position paper proposes a new definition of frailty for use by healthcare professionals in the setting of HF and creates a foundation for the design of a tailored and validated score for this common condition.