bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wali Nikah bagi Janda di Bawah Umur dalam Persfektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Muharir, M.E.Sy  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Imam Maliki, Imam Syafi'i, and Imam Hambali based on the opinion of the four priests of a widow who will remarry must with the consent of his guardian and he should not marry himself. So if the widow is remarried then the presence of a guardian for marriage is a must and marriage without a guardian is not legal. Imam Hanafi, according to the opinion of Hanafi imam, the marriage of a widow without legal guardian is legitimate but the guardian may prohibit the marriage if the marriage is deemed incompatible with religious shari'ah. Guardian marriage widow must exist in marriage even though he has no right to force or prevent widowed marriage the. If the marriage guardian of the widow disagrees and has no clear reason for his rejection then his marriage guardian may be replaced by a judge. The marriage guardian of a widow must also the conditions of the marriage guardian and according to the order of marriage guardian in Islamic.
Problematika Nikah Misyar dalam Tinjauan Sosiologis dan Psikologis
Authors: Agung Tri Nugroho, M.Sy  
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
In this study reveals various problems concerning Misyar Wedding (tamasya) which in its term is Marriage which in which the woman gets part of his rights which is arranged at the time of the marriage contract, such as not getting a place to live, livelihood and continuity to live with it. While in KHI 1974 According to Islamic Religion, Marriage is one of the forms of worship that the holiness needs to be maintained by both parties both husband and wife. And his marriage aims to form a happy, prosperous and everlasting family forever. Marriage requires maturity and physical and mental preparation because marriage / marriage is something sacred and can determine a person's way of life. If seen from the review of Psychology and sociology then there will be many polemics that arise from the rights and responsibilities of the husband in the living more specifically the child's future and psychological child, this issue should be Ministry of Religious institutions under the Government of Indonesia need strict supervision by the practice of marriage Misyar by applying regulation in the regions of Indonesia and the implications of the marriage.
A uniform pCO2 climatology combining open and coastal oceans
Authors: Landschützer Peter , Laruelle Goulven G. , Roobaert Alizee , Regnier Pierre 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. In this study, we present the first combined open- and coastal-ocean pCO2 mapped monthly climatology (Landschützer et al., 2020b, https://doi.org/10.25921/qb25-f418, https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ocads/oceans/MPI-ULB-SOM_FFN_clim.html, last access: 8 April 2020) constructed from observations collected between 1998 and 2015 extracted from the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) database. We combine two neural network-based pCO2 products, one from the open ocean and the other from the coastal ocean, and investigate their consistency along their common overlap areas. While the difference between open- and coastal-ocean estimates along the overlap area increases with latitude, it remains close to 0 µatm globally. Stronger discrepancies, however, exist on the regional level resulting in differences that exceed 10 % of the climatological mean pCO2, or an order of magnitude larger than the uncertainty from state-of-the-art measurements. This also illustrates the potential of such an analysis to highlight where we lack a good representation of the aquatic continuum and future research should be dedicated. A regional analysis further shows that the seasonal carbon dynamics at the coast–open interface are well represented in our climatology. While our combined product is only a first step towards a true representation of both the open-ocean and the coastal-ocean air–sea CO2 flux in marine carbon budgets, we show it is a feasible task and the present data product already constitutes a valuable tool to investigate and quantify the dynamics of the air–sea CO2 exchange consistently for oceanic regions regardless of its distance to the coast.
Simulation of storm surge inundation under different typhoon intensity scenarios: case study of Pingyang County, China
Authors: Shi Xianwu , Yu Pubing , Guo Zhixing , Sun Zhilin , Chen Fuyuan , Wu Xiuguang , Cheng Wenlong , Zeng Jian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. China is one of the countries that is most seriously affected by storm surges. In recent years, storm surges in coastal areas of China have caused huge economic losses and a large number of human casualties. Knowledge of the inundation range and water depth of storm surges under different typhoon intensities could assist predisaster risk assessment and making evacuation plans, as well as provide decision support for responding to storm surges. Taking Pingyang County in Zhejiang Province as a case study area, parameters including typhoon tracks, radius of maximum wind speed, astronomical tide, and upstream flood runoff were determined for different typhoon intensities. Numerical simulations were conducted using these parameters to investigate the inundation range and water depth distribution of storm surges in Pingyang County considering the impact of seawall collapse under five different intensity scenarios (corresponding to minimum central pressure values equal to 915, 925, 935, 945, and 965 hPa). The inundated area ranged from 103.51 to 233.16 km2 for the most intense typhoon. The proposed method could be easily adopted in various coastal counties and serves as an effective tool for decision-making in storm surge disaster risk reduction practices.
Seroprevalence of anti-TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI and anti-TOXOPLASMA GONDII antibodies in possible and potential organ donors in the south of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil
Authors: Paula da Paz Grala Ana , Freitas Bianchi Tanise , Ferreira de Leon Italo , Guellamann da Cunha Espinelli Greco Mayara , Raphael Pascoti Bruhn Fabio , Celoi Ferreira Barargan Nivia , Aspirot Mendonça Viviani , Marreiro Villela Marcos 
Published: October 2020

Serological profiles are important in cases of solid organ donation where serological findings, such as antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi and toxoplasmosis, may interfere in organ donation by increasing morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to outline seroprevalence of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in possible and potential organ donors in the south of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) State, Brazil. A cross-sectional quantitative and retrospective epidemiological study was carried out, based on secondary data. Data on serology were extracted from medical records found in the Sistema de Gestão Hospitalar (SIGH), a hospital management system used by a university hospital in the south of RS, Brazil.Sociodemographic variables, such as age, sex and race, as well as clinical variables, such as titration of IgM and IgG anti-T. cruzi and anti–T. gondii antibodies, were analyzed. Medical records were found to be poorly filled in, since 67.6% (506 records) could not be used due to lack of information. Seroprevalence of T. cruzi was 6.8% (5 cases), mostly in white males. Regarding seroprevalence of T. gondii, 76.2% (64 donors) were serologicaly positive, 10.9% of which were IgM positive. This is the first study on anti-T. cruzi and anti-T. gondii antibodies inorgan donors in RS, Brazil and should be furthered since there may be consequences regarding organ uptake and donation.KEY WORDS: Epidemiological studies; Trypanosoma cruzi; Toxoplasma gondii; organ donation
Older adults at high risk of HIV infection in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Wang Yuan Yuan , Yang Yuan , Chen Chang , Zhang Ling , Ng Chee H. , Ungvari Gabor S. , Zhang Xiaohua Douglas , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: October 2020

There is an increasing prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in older adults in China, but the findings across prevalence studies have been mixed. This is the first meta-analysis of the prevalence of HIV infection and its moderating factors in older adults in China. Two investigators systematically and independently searched both international (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Sciences and EMBASE) and Chinese (WanFang, CNKI, and CQVIP) databases. HIV infection rates in older adults were analyzed using the random-effects model. Altogether 46 studies were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of HIV infection in older adults was 2.1% (95% CI [1.9%–2.3%], I2 = 99.4%). Subgroup analyses revealed that men who have sex with men (MSM), hospital population samples, publications after 2014, studies conducted in the western region of China, and higher study quality were significantly associated with higher HIV infection rate. This meta-analysis found that the HIV infection prevalence in older adults is significantly higher than the general population in China. Attention should be given to this urgent public health issue, and effective HIV/AIDS preventive, screening and treatment measures are warranted in this population. PROSPERO: CRD42019124286.
Assessing the Validity and Reliability of the Effects of Youngsters’ Eyesight on Quality of Life Questionnaire Among Children With Uveitis
Authors: Cassedy Amy , Altaye Mekibib , Andringa Jennifer , Cooper Ashley M. , Drews‐Botsch Carolyn , Engelhard George , Hennard Theresa , Holland Gary N. , Jenkins Kirsten , Lambert Scott R. , Lipscomb Jessi , McCracken Courtney , McCurdy Deborah K. , McDonald Joseph , Mwase Najima , Prahalad Sampath , Stahl Erin , Utz Virginia Miraldi , Walker A. Adrienne , Yeh Steven , Angeles‐Han Sheila T. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThe Effects of Youngsters’ Eyesight on Quality of Life (EYE‐Q) questionnaire measures vision‐related functioning (VRF) and vision‐related quality of life (VRQoL) in children with uveitis. Our aim was to revise the alpha version of the EYE‐Q to refine VRF and VRQoL subscales and to assess the validity of the EYE‐Q.MethodsChildren with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), JIA‐associated uveitis, and other noninfectious uveitis were enrolled. Patients and parents completed the EYE‐Q, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (overall quality of life), and Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (physical functioning). The development site completed the alpha version of the EYE‐Q, and the composite sites completed the beta version. We compared item‐subscale correlations, internal consistency, and construct and discriminant validity among the different versions.ResultsOf the 644 patients enrolled, 61.6% completed the alpha version, and 38.4% the beta version of the EYE‐Q. Mean ± SD patient age was 11.1 ± 4.2 years, and 70% were female. Fewer White patients (73.5%) completed the alpha version compared to the beta version (86.2%; P < 0.001). With the exception of patient‐reported VRF, both versions had similar item‐subscale correlations. Version comparisons on scale internal consistencies indicated significant differences for parent‐ and patient‐reported VRF, but each scale had a Cronbach's α of >0.80 beta. When data were combined, the EYE‐Q showed significant differences between JIA‐only and uveitis patients on all parent and patient scores, except for patient‐reported VRF.ConclusionThe EYE‐Q appears to be a valid measure of VRF and VRQoL in pediatric uveitis. Our results suggest it may be used as an outcome measure in multicenter pediatric uveitis studies.
Skin Impedance Measurements with Nanomesh Electrodes for Monitoring Skin Hydration
Authors: Matsukawa Ryotaro , Miyamoto Akihito , Yokota Tomoyuki , Someya Takao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe importance of continuous monitoring of skin hydration in daily life, to aid in the diagnosis of skin diseases, is rising. Electrodes that can be worn directly on the skin are attracting attention as an effective means. However, they should not inhibit natural water evaporation from the skin and should not cause inflammation or irritation even if they are attached to the body for long periods of time. In this study, nanomesh electrodes that have previously been reported to exhibit high biocompatibility are also found to exhibit high water vapor permeability, resulting in properties that prevent skin dampness. Furthermore, the skin impedance measured using nanomesh electrodes is found to correlate with the hydration level of skin measured using existing medical equipment. This study provides a new approach to measure skin hydration in conditions close to bare skin.
Deficit irrigation for sugarbeet under conventional and no‐till production
Authors: Nilahyane Abdelaziz , Chen Chengci , Afshar Reza Keshavarz , Sutradhar Apurba , Stevens William Bart , Iversen William 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIrrigation is important to sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) production and efficient irrigation management is critical for yield, sugar concentration, water use, and environment quality. Two irrigation studies were conducted to investigate sugarbeet response to deficit irrigation under conventional tillage (CT) and no‐till (NT) systems in 2016 and 2018. The irrigation treatments included full irrigation (100% crop evapotranspiration, 100ETc) and deficit irrigation (66% crop evapotranspiration, 66ETc), and two irrigation cutoff dates (15 and 30 d before harvest). Plant population, soil moisture, sugarbeet root yield, sucrose concentration, and impurity value were measured. Although deficit irrigation at 66ETc did not affect the sugarbeet root yield, sucrose concentration, and sugar yield in 2016, it reduced the root yield, sugar yield, and extractable sugar yield by 5.5, 1.2, and 1.2 Mg ha−1 under CT and 12.4, 2.1, and 1.9 Mg ha−1 under NT systems in 2018. Soil moisture in NT showed great depletion at 15‐ and 38‐cm depths in July and August in 2018. Results indicate the potential of implementing a deficit irrigation strategy in sugarbeet to reduce the water supply and increase the water use efficiency, but in‐situ soil moisture sensors should be installed to monitor soil moisture to avoid severe water stress. Stopping irrigation 30 d before harvest slightly reduced the sugarbeet root yield but did not affect extractable sugar yield, suggesting that omitting one irrigation late in the growing season may not reduce root yield and quality. Deficit irrigation in conjunction with a no‐till system could reduce production costs and bring environmental benefits.
Pd‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Ortho‐Aroylation of 2‐Aryl‐quinazolinone Comprising Intrinsic Directing Group with α‐Oxocarboxylic Acids
Authors: Waghmare Deepali S. , Tambe Shrikant D. , Kshirsagar Umesh A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPd‐catalyzed decarboxylative ortho‐aroylation of 2‐aryl‐quinazolinones with α‐oxocarboxylic acids for the synthesis of diaryl ketones has been developed. Biologically interested novel quinazolinones with diaryl ketone functionality has been obtained with moderate to excellent yield from easily accessible 2‐aryl‐quinazolinones having inherent directing group.
From Chitin to CHILs: First Glucosamine based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Komabayashi Mirai , Nokami Toshiki , Jopp Stefan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this article the authors investigated a new synthetic strategy to convert glucosamine, a natural resource produced from chitin, into several trimethylammonium glucosamine salts. The thermal properties of the new carbohydrate based ionic liquids (CHILs) have been measured to further investigate the structure‐property relationships. The authors furthermore applied their new glucosamine based ionic liquids in a model asymmetric Diels‐Alder reaction.
Regional Brain Growth Trajectories in Fetuses with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Rollins Caitlin K. , Ortinau Cynthia M. , Stopp Christian , Friedman Kevin G. , Tworetzky Wayne , Gagoski Borjan , Velasco‐Annis Clemente , Afacan Onur , Vasung Lana , Beaute Jeanette I. , Rofeberg Valerie , Estroff Judy A. , Grant P. Ellen , Soul Janet S. , Yang Edward , Wypij David , Gholipour Ali , Warfield Simon K. , Newburger Jane W. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveCongenital heart disease (CHD) is associated with abnormal brain development in utero. We applied innovative fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to determine whether reduced fetal cerebral substrate delivery impacts the brain globally, or in a region‐specific pattern. Our novel design included two control groups, one with and the other without a family history of CHD, to explore the contribution of shared genes and/or fetal environment to brain development.MethodsFrom 2014 to 2018, we enrolled 179 pregnant women into 4 groups: “HLHS/TGA” fetuses with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) or transposition of the great arteries (TGA), diagnoses with lowest fetal cerebral substrate delivery; “CHD‐other,” with other CHD diagnoses; “CHD‐related,” healthy with a CHD family history; and “optimal control,” healthy without a family history. Two MRIs were obtained between 18 and 40 weeks gestation. Random effect regression models assessed group differences in brain volumes and relationships to hemodynamic variables.ResultsHLHS/TGA (n = 24), CHD‐other (50), and CHD‐related (34) groups each had generally smaller brain volumes than the optimal controls (71). Compared with CHD‐related, the HLHS/TGA group had smaller subplate (−13.3% [standard error = 4.3%], p < 0.01) and intermediate (−13.7% [4.3%], p < 0.01) zones, with a similar trend in ventricular zone (−7.1% [1.9%], p = 0.07). These volumetric reductions were associated with lower cerebral substrate delivery.InterpretationFetuses with CHD, especially those with lowest cerebral substrate delivery, show a region‐specific pattern of small brain volumes and impaired brain growth before 32 weeks gestation. The brains of fetuses with CHD were more similar to those of CHD‐related than optimal controls, suggesting genetic or environmental factors also contribute. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:143–157
Modifikation der Regioselektivität einer P450‐Monooxygenase ermöglicht die Synthese von Ursodeoxycholsäure durch die 7β‐Hydroxylierung von Lithocholsäure
Authors: Grobe Sascha , Badenhorst Christoffel P. S. , Bayer Thomas , Hamnevik Emil , Wu Shuke , Grathwol Christoph W. , Link Andreas , Koban Sven , Brundiek Henrike , Großjohann Beatrice , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWir haben die P450‐Monooxygenase CYP107D1 (OleP) aus Streptomyces antibioticus für die stereo‐ und regioselektive 7β‐Hydroxylierung von Lithocholsäure (LCS) zur Herstellung von Ursodeoxycholsäure (UDCS) durch “Protein‐Engineering” angepasst. OleP wurde zuvor für die Hydroxylierung von Testosteron an der 7β‐Position beschrieben, hydroxyliert jedoch LCS ausschließlich an der 6β‐Position, wodurch Murideoxycholsäure (MDCS) gebildet wird. Struktur‐ und 3DM‐Analysen, sowie molekulare Modellierungen wurden verwendet, um die Aminosäurereste F84, S240 und V291 als spezifitätsbestimmend zu identifizieren. Durch einen Alaninscan wurde S240A als UDCS‐produzierende Variante identifiziert. Basierend auf den identifizierten Positionen wurde eine synthetische “small but smart” Bibliothek durch die Verwendung eines farbbasierten Assays auf UDCS Produktion getestet. Hier konnte eine beinahe perfekte regio‐ und stereoselektive Dreifachvariante (F84Q/S240A/V291G) identifiziert werden, die UDCS in einer 10‐fach höheren Menge produziert als die S240A Variante. Der hergestellte Biokatalysator eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten zur umweltfreundlichen Synthese von UDCS aus dem Abfallprodukt LCS.
A Diarylacetonitrile as a Molecular Probe for the Detection of Polymeric Mechanoradicals in the Bulk State through a Radical Chain‐Transfer Mechanism
Authors: Yamamoto Takumi , Kato Sota , Aoki Daisuke , Otsuka Hideyuki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince the beginning of polymer science, understanding the influence of mechanical stress on polymer chains has been a fundamental and important research topic. The detection of mechanoradicals generated by homolytic cleavage of the polymer chains in solution has been studied in many cases. However, the detection of mechanoradicals in the bulk is still limited owing to their high reactivity. Herein, we propose an innovative strategy to detect mechanoradicals visually and quantitatively using a chain‐transfer agent that generates relatively stable fluorescent radicals as a molecular probe. Mechanoradicals generated by ball milling of polystyrene samples were successfully detected by using a diarylacetonitrile compound as a fluorescent molecular probe through this radical chain‐transfer mechanism. This probe enables the visualization and quantitative evaluation of mechanoradicals generated by polymer‐chain scission.
Adaptive Evolution in Producing Microtiter Cultivations Generates Genetically Stable Escherichia coli Production Hosts for Continuous Bioprocessing
Authors: Schuller Artur , Cserjan‐Puschmann Monika , Köppl Christoph , Grabherr Reingard , Wagenknecht Martin , Schiavinato Matteo , Dohm Juliane C. , Himmelbauer Heinz , Striedner Gerald 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe production of recombinant proteins usually reduces cell fitness and the growth rate of producing cells. The growth disadvantage favors faster‐growing non‐producer mutants. Therefore, continuous bioprocessing is hardly feasible in Escherichia coli due to the high escape rate. The stability of E. coli expression systems under long‐term production conditions and how metabolic load triggered by recombinant gene expression influences the characteristics of mutations are investigated. Iterated fed‐batch‐like microbioreactor cultivations are conducted under production conditions. The easy‐to‐produce green fluorescent protein (GFP) and a challenging antigen‐binding fragment (Fab) are used as model proteins, and BL21(DE3) and BL21Q strains as expression hosts. In comparative whole‐genome sequencing analyses, mutations that allowed cells to grow unhindered despite recombinant protein production are identified. A T7 RNA polymerase expression system is only conditionally suitable for long‐term cultivation under production conditions. Mutations leading to non‐producers occur in either the T7 RNA polymerase gene or the T7 promoter. The host RNA polymerase‐based BL21Q expression system remains stable in the production of GFP in long‐term cultivations. For the production of Fab, mutations in lacI of the BL21Q derivatives have positive effects on long‐term stability. The results indicate that adaptive evolution carried out with genome‐integrated E. coli expression systems in microtiter cultivations under industrial‐relevant production conditions is an efficient strain development tool for production hosts.