bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular vesicles enhance oxidative stress through P38/NF‐kB pathway in ketamine‐induced ulcerative cystitis
Authors: Xi Xiao jian , Zeng Jin jiang , Lu Yong , Chen Shao hua , Jiang Zhi wen , He Peng jie , Mi Hua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLong‐term abuse of ketamine causes ketamine‐induced cystitis. The functional alterations of bladder epithelial cells in microenvironment during cystitis remain poorly understood. Here, we explored extracellular vesicles (EV) alteration in ketamine‐induced toxicity. To simulate the high‐concentration ketamine environment in vivo, we established an in vitro model of high ketamine using human uroepithelial cells (SV‐HUC‐1). Cell viability and proliferation were assessed to evaluate the effects of various concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 mmol/L) of ketamine on SV‐HUC‐1 cells. The cell supernatant cultured at a concentration (0, 1, 2, 4 mmol/L) of ketamine was selected for EV extraction and identified. Subsequently, we assessed different groups (ketamine, ketamine plus EV blocker, EV, EV plus extracellular vesicles blocker) of oxidative stress and expression of inflammation. Last, luciferase reporter assay was performed to study the transcriptional regulation of EV on the NF‐kB and P38 pathway. The results of our study suggested that treatment with 0, 1, 2 or 4 mmol/L ketamine altered the morphology and secretion capacity of extracellular vesicles. As the concentration of ketamine increased, the average particle size of EV decreased, but the crest size, particle concentration and EV protein increased. Moreover, after the addition of EV blocker, EV secreted at different concentrations were blocked outside the cell membrane, and the degree of oxidative stress decreased. Our study provided evidence that ketamine alters the secretion of EV by directly stimulating cells in inflammation microenvironment and EV play significant roles in intercellular signal communication and the formation of KIC.EV
Study on microencapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum LIP‐1 by emulsification method
Authors: Ma Lili , Shang Yina , Zhu Yingdan , Zhang Xiaoning , E Jingjing , Zhao Lihua , Wang Junguo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe prepared probiotic microcapsules with lactoprotein as the wall material using an optimized emulsification method. Results of an orthogonal experiment showed that when the water–oil ratio was 1:10, the skim‐milk concentration was 35% (wt/wt), the emulsification time was 10 min, stirring speed was 600 r/min, microencapsulation efficiency was 86.59%, and particle size was 52.56 μm. The evaluation of microcapsules' performance in simulated human digestion confirmed that the microcapsules released the probiotics completely in simulated intestinal fluid within 90 min. The survival rate after exposure to simulated gastric fluid for 90 min was 53.3%, which was significantly higher than that of free cells (16.81%; p < .05). The freeze‐drying survival rate was 63.10%. The viability of the probiotics decreased only by 0.46 log CFU/g during storage at 4°C for 21 days, benefit by microcapsules' denser structure. These results provide a theoretical reference for an industrial application of microencapsulation.Practical applicationsMicrocapsulation technology can be applied to produce functional and healthy food containing probiotic bacteria, such as yoghurt, cheese, ice cream, and other products. Microcapsule powder can be prepared by freeze‐drying as a lactic acid bacterial starter. Microcapsules are a potential drug delivery system, and Lactobacillus plantarum LIP‐1 is a beneficial probiotic that lowers blood cholesterol.
Quartz halogen radiated fast and energy‐efficient convective vacuum drying of green tea fortified Himsagar mango: Optimization, kinetics, and quality assessment
Authors: Chakraborty Rajat , Roy Sagarika , Mondal Pijus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe nutritional attributes of Himsagar mango (HM; Mangifera indica L.) were enriched through fortification with green tea (GT; Camellia sinensis) extract followed by an energy‐proficient rapid drying technique. The HM fortified by GT (HMGT) was dehydrated employing vacuum‐drying under quartz halogen radiation (QHRVD) and the optimal process parameters were determined corresponding to a minimal moisture content of the final dehydrated HMGT deploying Taguchi orthogonal design. Additionally, an efficient periodic convective‐drying protocol was coupled with QHRVD (PQHRVD) to further escalate the dehydration of HMGT through cyclic injection of CO2 to stimulate forced diffusion, thus facilitating drying time reduction by approximately 50% compared to QHRVD. Faster drying rate and superior energy‐efficiency could be achieved in PQHRVD owing to higher effective moisture diffusivity (4.71 × 10−10 m2 s−1) and lower activation energy (2.13 kJ mol−1) in comparison with QHRVD (2.03 × 10−10 m2 s−1; 3.65 kJ mol−1). Thus, the periodic CO2 convection exhibited a remarkable reduction in processing time and energy consumption and produced a functionally enriched HM with significantly higher antioxidant properties, phenolics, ascorbic acid, and flavonoid contents.Practical applicationsHimsagar mango (HM), a tropical high‐demand fruit has been fortified with green tea (GT) (Camellia sinensis) extract for quality improvement. The amalgamated Himsagar mango was subsequently vacuum‐dried to improve the product shelf‐life and to augment the nutritional attributes. The energy‐efficient quartz halogen radiated vacuum‐drying (VD) technique was optimized to render a superior quality foodstuff. The VD operation was further intensified through periodic convection by CO2 to make the operation more beneficial. The cyclic CO2 convection resulted in significant augmentation in drying rate and rendered a lucrative foodstuff. The nutritionally enriched “HM fortified by GT” (HMGT) product displayed improved nutritional attributes (higher antioxidant properties, phenolics, ascorbic acid, and flavonoid contents) and enhanced shelf life for potential application in preparation of candy, cake, sweet, or dietary supplements. Therefore, the energy‐proficient and rapid drying method providing the functionally improved HMGT product can lay a prospective foundation for bakery and related food industries.
COVID‐SAFER: Deprescribing Guidance for Hydroxychloroquine Drug Interactions in Older Adults
Authors: Ross Sydney B. , Wilson Marnie Goodwin , Papillon‐Ferland Louise , Elsayed Sarah , Wu Peter E. , Battu Kiran , Porter Sandra , Rashidi Babak , Tamblyn Robyn , Pilote Louise , Downar James , Bonnici Andre , Huang Allen , Lee Todd C. , McDonald Emily G. 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection causes high morbidity and mortality in older adults with chronic illnesses. Several trials are currently underway evaluating the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine as a potential treatment for acute infection. However, polypharmacy predisposes patients to increased risk of drug‐drug interactions with hydroxychloroquine and may render many in this population ineligible to participate in trials. We aimed to quantify the degree of polypharmacy and burden of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) that older hospitalized adults are taking that would interact with hydroxychloroquine.METHODSWe reanalyzed data from the cohort of patients 65 years and older enrolled in the MedSafer pilot study. We first identified patients taking medications with potentially harmful drug‐drug interactions with hydroxychloroquine that might exclude them from participation in a typical 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) therapeutic trial. Next, we identified medications that were flagged by MedSafer as potentially inappropriate and crafted guidance around medication management if contemplating the use of hydroxychloroquine.RESULTSThe cohort contained a total of 1,001 unique patients with complete data on their home medications at admission. Of these 1,001 patients, 590 (58.9%) were receiving one or more home medications that could potentially interact with hydroxychloroquine, and of these, 255 (43.2%) were flagged as potentially inappropriate by the MedSafer tool. Common classes of PIMs observed were antipsychotics, cardiac medications, and antidiabetic agents.CONCLUSIONThe COVID‐19 pandemic highlights the importance of medication optimization and deprescribing PIMs in older adults. By acting now to reduce polypharmacy and use of PIMs, we can better prepare this vulnerable population for inclusion in trials and, if substantiated, pharmacologic treatment or prevention of COVID‐19. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1636‐1646, 2020.
Visualising endocytosis in plants: past, present, and future
Authors: DRAGWIDGE J.M. , VAN DAMME D. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryChris Hawes had a lively fascination for the immensely complex organisation of the endomembrane system, including the process of endocytosis. This is the method by which eukaryotic cells internalise membrane proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and cell wall enzymes from the cell surface through membrane bound vesicles. Endocytosis occurs progressively, starting with early membrane deformation, scission, and finally the release of the vesicle into the cytoplasm. Next to secretion, endocytosis allows the cell to control the proteome composition of its inner and outer surface membrane and as such, its communication with the outside world. Whereas endocytosis was initially considered theoretically impossible in plants due to their high turgor pressure, it is now established as essential for plant life. Furthermore, endocytosis remains a highly active field of research, both in yeast, animal, and plant model systems. Over the past three decades, the tools and techniques used to visualise, quantify, and characterise endocytosis have resulted in an increasingly higher spatiotemporal understanding of this process. Here we provide a brief history of plant endocytosis research from the time when Chris Hawes was investigating the process, to the current state‐of‐the‐art in the field. We will end this chapter with a discussion on some promising future developments for plant endocytosis research.Lay DescriptionEndocytosis is a key process whereby eukaryotic cells can selectively take up membrane proteins, extracellular material and lipids. As this process controls the abundance and protein composition of the plasma membrane, it also controls the communication of the cell with the outside world. Whereas endocytosis was initially considered theoretically impossible in plants due to their high turgor pressure, it is now established as essential for plant life. Today, endocytosis remains a highly active field of research, both in yeast, animal, and plant model systems. Endocytosis was one of the favourite research topics of Chris Hawes, which is why this mini‐review is part of the Festschrift issue in his honour. We provide here a brief history of plant endocytosis research from the time when Chris Hawes was investigating the process, to the current state‐of‐the‐art in the field. Over the past three decades, the tools and techniques that were developed to visualise, quantify, and characterise endocytosis have allowed to achieve an increasingly higher spatiotemporal understanding of this process. We end this chapter with a discussion on some promising future developments for plant endocytosis research.
Moist exposed burn therapy in recovery of patients with immature, red hypertrophic scars successfully treated with a pulsed dye laser in combination with a fractional CO2 laser
Authors: Liu Xiao‐jia , Ouyang Hua‐wei , Lei Ying‐ , Yu Yi‐ling , Gold Michael H. , Tan Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy of pulsed dye laser combined (PDL) and UltraPulse fractional CO2 in treatment of hypertrophic scars is well documented. The present study investigates the efficacy of moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO)/moist exposed burn therapy (MEBT) in postlaser wound management.MethodsSixty‐one patients with immature, red hypertrophic scars were enrolled in this clinical trial. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: (a) the MEBO treatment group (n = 30) and (b) the control group (n = 31) treated with chlortetracycline hydrochloride ointment. Demographic data such as age, gender, and cause of scars were recorded. A visual analogue score (VAS) was collected to measure pain at 1, 6, 24, 72 hours, and 7 days post‐treatment. The Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) was used to determine the response of the scars before and 3 months after the treatment. The wound healing time and pigmentation scores were also recorded.ResultsNo significant differences were found in age, gender, and etiology of the scars in the two groups. The VAS scores in MEBO group were significantly lower than the control group within the first 3 days after treatment. The wound healing time of the MEBO group was significantly shorter than the control group. For both groups, VSS scores were significantly decreased and the scar markedly improved. However, the VSS scores were significantly lower in the MEBO group compared with the control group 3 months after treatment and pigmentation formation was dramatically lower in MEBO group compared with the control.ConclusionMEBT/MEBO treatment reduced the post‐treatment pain, shortened the wound healing duration, promoted the overall scar condition, and reduced the incidence of pigmentation.
School and Cybervictimization Across High School: Normative Developmental Trajectories and Bidirectional Links with Loneliness
Authors: Espinoza Guadalupe , Schacter Hannah L. , Juvonen Jaana 
Published: May 2020

The current study examines normative developmental trajectories of school and cybervictimization across 3 years of high school and tests whether school and cybervictimization experiences predict increases in loneliness at school or whether loneliness at school increases the risk of victimization. Gender differences are also explored. Data were drawn from a longitudinal sample of 4,339 ethnically diverse U.S. adolescents (Mage = 15.02) who completed surveys in 9th, 10th, and 11th grades. Whereas school victimization decreased, cybervictimization increased across high school. School‐based victimization and loneliness were bidirectionally related across time (controlling for cybervictimization), but cybervictimization and loneliness were not related (controlling for school victimization). The findings provide a nuanced account of the associations between school and cybervictimization with feelings of isolation at school.
Contingent Electric Shock as a Treatment for Challenging Behavior for People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Support for the IASSIDD Policy Statement Opposing Its Use
Authors: Zarcone Jennifer R , Mullane Michael P. , Langdon Peter E. , Brown Ivan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIssuesThe International Association for the Scientific Study of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IASSIDD) is an international group of researchers, clinicians, students, parents, and self‐advocates that promotes worldwide research and exchange of information on intellectual and developmental disabilities. IASSIDD recently developed a policy statement regarding their opposition to the use of contingent electric skin shock (CESS) with individuals with challenging behavior and intellectual and developmental disabilities. To support the policy, the available literature was reviewed to evaluate the efficacy, side effects, generalization, and long‐term effectiveness of the procedure as an intervention for challenging behavior.FindingsThe review provides a history that demonstrates that, although CESS can decrease the frequency of challenging behavior, it comes at a cost in terms of physical and emotional side effects, and questions remain regarding the long‐term effectiveness of the procedure. In addition, we raise several ethical and methodological issues that make the research on the use of CESS even more concerning.ConclusionsAlthough research continues in some countries, these studies are now rare. In fact, in the United States, the Food and Drug Administration has just banned the use of such devices with individuals with self‐injury and aggression. It is hoped that, because there are many other forms of treatment that have shown to be effective for severe challenging behavior, we can completely avoid the use of CESS.
Predictors of changes in subjective daytime sleepiness in response to CPAP therapy withdrawal in OSA: A post‐hoc analysis
Authors: Roeder Maurice , Sievi Noriane A. , Kohler Malcolm , Schwarz Esther I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSubjective sleepiness is the hallmark symptom of untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and leads to an increased risk of motor vehicle accidents and impaired quality of life. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the standard therapy for OSA and improves sleepiness. The aim was to identify factors that might predict recurrence of sleepiness in times off CPAP and to define OSA patient types with a likely effect of CPAP on sleepiness. A post‐hoc analysis of six clinical trials, including 132 patients with OSA effectively treated with CPAP prior to study inclusion, who were allocated to 2 weeks of CPAP withdrawal, was conducted to assess predictors of a change in subjective sleepiness. A multivariate regression model was used to assess predictors of a change in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score. In response to CPAP withdrawal, the median apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) and the ESS score significantly increased compared to baseline on CPAP by 32.6/hr (95% CI, 28.8, 36.4)/hr and 2.5 (95% CI, 1.8,3.2), respectively (p < .001), in the included 132 patients. There was an independent positive association of AHI (Coef. [95% CI] 0.04 [0.01, 0.08]) with an increase in ESS score upon CPAP withdrawal, and an independent negative association of age (coef. [95% CI], −0.10 [−0.18, ‐0.2]), ESS on CPAP (coef. [95% CI], −0.21 [−0.40, −0.015]) and active smoking status (coef. [95% CI], −1.22 [−2.26, −0.17]). These findings suggest that younger patients with a low residual sleepiness on CPAP and a recurrence of more severe OSA during CPAP withdrawal are at highest risk of suffering from a clinically relevant return of daytime sleepiness in times off CPAP.
Interhemispheric sleep depth coherence predicts driving safety in sleep apnea
Authors: Azarbarzin Ali , Younes Magdy , Sands Scott A. , Wellman Andrew , Redline Susan , Czeisler Charles A. , Gottlieb Daniel J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea is associated with increased risk of car crashes; however, conventional measures of sleep apnea severity do not clearly identify those individuals who are at greatest risk. Here we tested whether, among individuals with sleep apnea, those with reduced interhemispheric sleep depth coherence, measured by correlation between right and left hemisphere odds ratio product, are at greater risk. The sample was derived from the Sleep Heart Health Study, a prospective observational cohort study, and included 1,378 adults with sleep apnea. The occurrence of a car crash was ascertained by a questionnaire administered 2 years after the sleep study, which asked about the occurrence of crashes during the year prior to questionnaire administration. We computed the sleep depth coherence from electroencephalograms recorded during baseline sleep studies and after 5 years. The weighted kappa coefficient and Bangdiwala's B were 0.34 and 0.59, respectively, indicating a fair to moderate stability over a 5‐year interval. Multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index and miles driven per year, was used to assess the risk of a car crash. Compared to the lowest quartile of sleep depth coherence (<0.86), individuals in the highest quartile (>0.93) had a 62% (95% confidence interval, 22%‐81%) lower risk of an accident. Further adjustments for usual sleep duration and sleepiness did not meaningfully alter these findings. Higher interhemispheric sleep depth coherence is associated with significantly lower risk of motor vehicle crashes in individuals with sleep apnea. This suggests that high interhemispheric sleep depth coherence may be a marker of resistance to sleep apnea‐related adverse neurocognitive outcomes.
The Role of Crosslinguistic Influence in Multilingual Processing: Lexicon Versus Syntax
Authors: Lago Sol , Mosca Michela , Stutter Garcia Anna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMultilingual research could offer a unique perspective on how the languages already acquired by a person affect the online processing of a new language. But it is currently difficult to assess this issue because theoretical accounts of multilingualism have focused on acquisition rather than processing and most empirical research to date has gathered untimed (offline) evidence. To help bridge this gap, we formulate hypotheses that can help derive processing predictions from existing accounts of multilingualism. But crucially, and based on previous findings in second language processing, we identify ways in which assumptions about crosslinguistic influence may need to be revised to allow the separate treatment of lexical and syntactic processing, and to consider the role of variables such as language dominance and proficiency. In our view, the question of what's special about multilingualism is worth studying, but more research is needed before we can begin answering it.
Hemoglobins in the legume–Rhizobium symbiosis
Authors: Larrainzar Estíbaliz , Villar Irene , Rubio Maria Carmen , Pérez‐Rontomé Carmen , Huertas Raul , Sato Shusei , Mun Jeong‐Hwan , Becana Manuel 
Published: May 2020

SummaryLegume nodules have two types of hemoglobins: symbiotic or leghemoglobins (Lbs) and nonsymbiotic or phytoglobins (Glbs). The latter are categorized into three phylogenetic classes differing in heme coordination and O2 affinity. This review is focused on the roles of Lbs and Glbs in the symbiosis of rhizobia with crop legumes and the model legumes for indeterminate (Medicago truncatula) and determinate (Lotus japonicus) nodulation. Only two hemoglobin functions are well established in nodules: Lbs deliver O2 to the bacteroids and act as O2 buffers, preventing nitrogenase inactivation; and Glb1‐1 modulates nitric oxide concentration during symbiosis, from the early stage, avoiding the plant’s defense response, to nodule senescence. Here, we critically examine early and recent results, update and correct the information on Lbs and Glbs with the latest genome versions, provide novel expression data and identify targets for future research. Crucial unresolved questions include the expression of multiple Lbs in nodules, their presence in the nuclei and in uninfected nodule cells, and, intriguingly, their expression in nonsymbiotic tissues. RNA‐sequencing data analysis shows that Lbs are expressed as early as a few hours after inoculation and that their mRNAs are also detectable in roots and pods, which clearly suggests that these heme proteins play additional roles unrelated to nitrogen fixation. Likewise, issues awaiting investigation are the functions of other Glbs in nodules, the spatiotemporal expression profiles of Lbs and Glbs at the mRNA and protein levels, and the molecular mechanisms underlying their regulation during nodule development and in response to stress and hormones.