bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Describing the fecal metabolome in cryogenically collected samples from healthy participants
Authors: Trošt Kajetan , Ahonen Linda , Suvitaival Tommi , Christiansen Nina , Nielsen Trine , Thiele Maja , Jacobsen Suganya , Krag Aleksander , Rossing Peter , Hansen Torben , Dragsted Lars Ove , Legido-Quigley Cristina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe chemical composition of feces plays an important role in human metabolism. Metabolomics and lipidomics are valuable tools for screening the metabolite composition in feces. Here we set out to describe fecal metabolite composition in healthy participants in frozen stools. Frozen stool samples were collected from 10 healthy volunteers and cryogenically drilled in four areas along the specimen. Polar metabolites were analyzed using derivatization followed by two-dimensional gas chromatography and time of flight mass spectrometry. Lipids were detected using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry. 2326 metabolic features were detected. Out of a total of 298 metabolites that were annotated we report here 185 that showed a technical variation of x < 30%. These metabolites included amino acids, fatty acid derivatives, carboxylic acids and phenolic compounds. Lipids predominantly belonged to the groups of diacylglycerols, triacylglycerols and ceramides. Metabolites varied between sampling areas, some were broadly homogeneous, others varied 80%. A LASSO-computed network using metabolites present in all areas showed two main clusters describing the system, DAG lipids and phenyllactic acid. In feces from healthy participants, the main groups detected were phenolic compounds, ceramides, diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols.
Vegetation response to precipitation anomalies under different climatic and biogeographical conditions in China
Authors: Chen Zefeng , Wang Weiguang , Fu Jianyu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnderstanding precipitation-vegetation interaction is of great importance to implementing adaptation and mitigation measures for terrestrial ecosystems. Many studies have explored the spatial pattern of precipitation-vegetation correlation along the precipitation amount gradient. While the impacts of other precipitation characteristics remain poorly understood. Here, we provided a comprehensive investigation of spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation response to precipitation anomalies in China, using satellite-derived vegetation index and multi-source climate datasets for the years 1982–2015. Subsequently, we attempted to examine in detail what specific factors, climatic or biogeographic, are responsible for spatiotemporal patterns of precipitation-vegetation relationship. Results show that vegetation in Inner Mongolia Plateau is strongly affected by precipitation anomalies. Vegetation has a 1–2 month lag response to precipitation anomalies and is significantly correlated with 2–6 month cumulative precipitation anomalies. Seasonal differences of vegetation response are also remarkable. Moreover, the largest NDVI-precipitation correlation appears in areas with 150–500 mm of mean annual precipitation, 0.075–0.275 of fraction of precipitation days, and 19–23 of precipitation concentration index. More locally, the spatial distribution of NDVI-precipitation correlations is closely related to the vegetation type and elevation. The results can provide technical basis and beneficial reference to water resource and ecological management strategies in China for associated policymakers and stakeholders.
Preliminary Investigation of the Perspectives of Parents of Children With Cerebral Palsy on the Supports, Challenges, and Realities of Integrating Augmentative and Alternative Communication Into Everyday Life
Authors: O'Neill Tara , Wilkinson Krista M. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
To ensure long-term adoption and use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) technologies, they must be designed to support children to participate within everyday activities and routines that are prioritized by families. The aim of this study was to gain parent perspectives on how AAC technologies were integrated into everyday life.

Method
Nine parents of children with cerebral palsy who used AAC technologies participated in semistructured interviews to provide their perspectives on how AAC technologies were integrated into the functional contexts of everyday life.

Results
Five major themes emerged from the discussions: (a) integrating AAC into life, (b) AAC technologies, (c) child needs and skills, (d) parent responsibilities and priorities, and (e) AAC process and decision making. Children were able to use AAC technologies within a variety of everyday contexts with various partners; however, challenges included access to technologies within care routines and outdoor activities as well as partners who lacked knowledge regarding operational competencies and effective interaction strategies. To integrate AAC technologies into life, parents prioritized technology features including ease of programming, improved physical design, features to enhance efficiency and ease of access, and availability of multiple functions and features (e.g., games and leisure activities, environmental controls).

Conclusion
AAC manufacturers and mainstream technology developers should work to ensure that technologies are responsive to the supports, limitations, and ideal features identified by parents. Future research should seek input from a larger group of stakeholders and use longitudinal methods to examine perceptions of AAC technologies over time.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.11625543
THERMOCOAX rhodium SPND sensitivity dispersion and validation of the sensitivity calculation model
Authors: Vermeeren L. , Leysen W. , Pichon L. , Salou V. , Helleux G. 
Published: January 2020

This paper describes the neutron irradiation tests of 7 THERMOCOAX Self-Powered Neutron detectors (SPNDs) in the BR1 reactor at SCK•CEN. The SPNDs were fabricated according to the same specifications, but from different fabrication batches. The SPND signals were recorded during stepwise power-up of the reactor, proving the linearity of the SPND response within a wide thermal neutron flux range: from as low as 0.8·109 n/(cm2) to 2.6·1011 n/(cm2s). Intercomparison of the SPND signals shows a very small spread, confirming the repeatability of the THERMOCOAX fabrication processes. The overall neutron sensitivities of the seven SPNDs agreed within a 1% margin.
The experimental data were analyzed in terms of prompt and various delayed responses. Prompt contributions to the signal are due to external gamma induced processes and to processes involving gamma rays emitted instantaneously upon neutron capture. The main contribution in a rhodium SPND is due to activation of the rhodium emitter and beta emission during decay of the activated rhodium and leads to a delayed response with a characteristic time of a few minutes. Activation and subsequent beta decay in other materials present in the SPND lead to additional minor delayed signal contributions. The partial SPND sensitivities due to all these processes were calculated using an MCNPX based model and were compared with experimental sensitivities based on the recorded data. The results were in fair agreement; for the overall SPND neutron sensitivity an agreement within a 1% margin was achieved.
In-core dosimetry for the validation of neutron spectra in the CROCUS reactor
Authors: Jiang Y. , Laureau A. , Lamirand V. , Frajtag P. , Pautz A. 
Published: January 2020

The present article describes the preliminary validation study of simulated in-core and reflector n eutron spectra in preparation of oncoming experimental programs in the zeropower reactor CROCUS at EPFL. For this purpose, a set of activation foils were irradiated at three characteristic positions in the CROCUS reactor, and the subsequent activities were analyzed via γ spectrometry. The experimental setup was then modeled with the Monte Carlo neutron transport code Serpent2 and associated with an analysis tool to include the effect of the reactor power history during experiments.
The comparison of calculated and measured reaction rates (C/E) indicates a general consistency (at 2σ) between calculated and measured spectra. However, offsets of C/E values were observed in (n, γ) reactions, up to 18% for 115In and 8% for 63Cu dosimeters. This could be caused by an unexpected isotopic composition, uncertainties in nuclear data, or the spectrometry analysis.
In addition, a 100-groups spectrum unfolding was performed using the experimentally determined reaction rates and the Serpent2 spectra as the prior knowledge. The unfolded spectra were mainly adjusted in the thermal and fast ranges, while few modifications w ere m ade i n t he e pithermal r egion d ue t o the low contribution of epithermal neutrons in activation processes. Moreover, within energy groups where the capture reactions show resonant behavior, flux depletion (up to 38% as compared to the prior spectra) is observed due to the absence of self-shielding effect in the unfolding process. For this purpose, an unfolding method based on energy groups weighting is developed and tested.
The remote-controlled spectrometric system for searching and characterization of high-level radioactive waste
Authors: Danilovich Alexey , Potapov Victor , Smirnov Sergey 
Published: January 2020

In 2003, the work on environmental rehabilitation of the former coastal technical base of the Russian Navy in Gremikha town, with technical and financial support of the State Atomic Energy Corporation “Rosatom” and the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission had begun. In 2017, the task of searching, characterization and packaging in transport containers for export to the long-term storage of high-level waste containing 152Eu was set as part of this program. These wastes were presented as fragments of reactor control and safety system rods of first generation nuclear submarine reactors and were placed in temporary storage containers mixed with other radioactive waste and construction garbage on the territory of the Gremikha branch of the North-West Center “SevRAO”.
To accomplish the task, the spectrometric system “Gamma-Pioneer” was developed and made at National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”. The system consist of a collimated spectrometric gamma-ray CdZnTe detector 500 mm3 volume, a dosimeter for continuous measurement of ambient equivalent dose rate at the instrument location and a color video camera with zoom lens. The device is placed in a protective frame and installed as an attachment implements on robot Brokk-90. Communication between the measuring system and the control computer is carried out using USB extender and 100 meters cable. The video camera is connected to the control computer via Ethernet.
To search for the most active sources of gamma radiation, an equivalent dose rate calculation program using the results of measured instrumental spectra was developed. The characterization of the extracted fragments was carried out by activity evaluation of the main radionuclides polluting the samples under investigation. The paper describes design and operating principles of the system, as well as methods for the equivalent dose rate calculation and the activity evaluation of the fragments of reactor control and safety system rods based on spectral measurements obtained using the developed radiometric system
Modular and Integrated Sensor Network of Intelligent Radiation Monitor Systems for Radiological and Nuclear Threat Response
Authors: Corbo M. , Morichi M. , Fanchini E. , Mini G. , Pepperosa A. , Mangiagalli G. 
Published: January 2020

Increased sensitivity to nuclear safety and security issues has prompted public entities and private institutions to maximize their capability to rapidly assess risks and intervene in the case of accident or threat. Quick intervention and response are achieved through nuclear measurements via airborne, land, and underwater systems. A network of cohesive, well-integrated and easy deployable radiation monitoring systems combined with real-time analysis of data is essential to facilitate and enhance the decision-making process during these most critical moments enhancing the quality of the management plan.
The presented radiation monitoring systems can be integrated in several form factors which depend mainly on operational needs and internal battery for autonomous operation. Compact ARM based computers is embedded, which can store large amount of data in their non-volatile memory, run automatic data analysis and trigger alarms in case of exceeding radiation levels. All the systems can communicate with redundant interfaces in failover configuration and upload the acquired environmental information in a central database. The same monitoring systems can alert the emergency response personnel on the field as well, through wireless connection to common tablets or cellphone or SMS, guaranteeing a prompt response in case an illicit transportation of radiological or nuclear material is detected.
MAPSSIC, a communicating MAPS-based intracerebral positrons probe for deep brain imaging in awake and freely-moving rats
Authors: Gensolen F. , Ammour L. , Bautista M. , Heymes J. , Fieux S. , Kachel M. , Lefebvre F. , Pangaud P. , Pinot L. , Lanièce P. , Baudot J. , Gisquet P. , Zimmer L. , Verdier M-A. , Morel C. 
Published: January 2020

Radioisotope imaging is a powerful tool to understand the biological mechanisms in-vivo, especially in the brain of small animals, providing a significant model to study the human brain.
In this context, we have developed and built a pixelated intracerebral positron probe to be embedded on awake and freely moving small animals, typically rats. This pixelated probe will represent a key instrument for neuroscientists to study neural mechanisms and correlate them to behavioral experiments.
We describe in this paper the simulations carried out to design the intracerebral sensor, its architecture, and the detection of positrons in a volume with a couple of sensors assembled back-to-back. We also depict the architecture of the wireless acquisition system. Finally, we present the first measurements performed in real-time by this miniaturized probe with sealed radioactive sources and a 18F solution.
Modelling Leaky Waves in Planar Dielectric Waveguides
Authors: Ayryan Edik , Divakov Dmitry , Egorov Alexandre , Lovetskiy Konstantin , Sevastianov Leonid 
Published: January 2020

Experimentally observed leaky modes of a dielectric waveguide are characterised by a weak tunnelling of the light through the waveguide and its long-time propagation along the waveguide. Traditional mathematical models of leaky waveguide modes meet some contradictions resolved using additional considerations. We propose a model of leaky modes in a waveguide free from the above contradictions, akin to the quantum mechanical model of the “pseudo-stable” Gamow-Siegert states.
By separating variables, from the complete problem for plane inhomogeneous waves we obtain a non-self-adjoint Sturm-Liouville problem to determine the complex coefficient of the phase delay of the studied mode. The solution of the complete wave problem determines the propagation cone for the leaky mode of the waveguide, inside which there are no contradictions. Thus, solution is in qualitative agreement with experimental data.
Genetic Optimization of LDPC Codes to Improve the Correction of Burst Errors
Authors: Broulím Jan , Ayriyan Alexander , Grigorian Hovik 
Published: January 2020

Error correction plays a crucial role when transmitting data from the source to the destination through a noisy channel. It has found many applications in television broadcasting services, data transmission in radiation harsh environment (e. g. space probes or physical experiments) or memory storages influenced by Single Event Effects (SEE). Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes provide an important technique to correct these errors.
The parameters of error correction depend both on the decoding algorithm and on the LDPC code given by the parity-check matrix. Therefore, a particular design of the paritycheck matrix is necessary. Moreover, with the development of high performance computing, the application of genetic optimization algorithms to design the parity-check matrices has been enabled.
In this article, we present the application of the genetic optimization algorithm to produce error correcting codes with special properties, especially the burst types of errors. The results show the bounds of correction capabilities for various code lengths and various redundancies of LDPC codes. This is particularly useful when designing systems under the influence of noise combined with the application of the error correction codes.
Anatomical study of sacral hiatus in South Indian population and its clinical significance in caudal epidural anaesthesia
Authors: Anupriya A. , Sophia M. Mahima 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Caudal anaesthesia is administered into the epidural space through Sacral Hiatus(SH). Hence reliability and success of caudal epidural anaesthesia depends upon the anatomical knowledge of sacral hiatus. Aim: The aim is to study the morphological measurements and variations of structures around the sacral hiatus and to identify possible anatomical reasons for failure of caudal epidural anaesthesia (CEA). Materials and methods: Fifty three dry adult sacral bones of both sexes were measured using Vernier Caliper, scale and divider. The shape of sacral hiatus (SH) was observed and its length and breadth were measured. The measurements were focused on sacral hiatus and its relation with surrounding bony projections. Results: The shape of the sacral hiatus showed a maximum occurrence of inverted 'V' and 'U' shapes with 35.85% and 26.42% respectively. The level of apex of SH was maximum at S4 foramen level in 68.63% cases followed by S5 and S3 level. In 62.26%, the level of base was observed at S5 level . The average length of the sacral hiatus was 23.02(± 8.95 mm), APdiameter was 5.49 (±l.44 mm) and base of SH was 14.6 (± 3.99 mm). The distance from apex and base of SH to S2 foramen level was 31.07 mm and 52.86 mm respectively. Conclusion: The anatomical knowledge of SH is very much necessary to increase the reliability and success of CEA. Surrounding bony irregularity, different shapes of hiatus and defect in dorsal wall of sacral canal should be taken into consideration before undertaking CEA so as to avoid its failure.
Jejuno-jejunal intussusception in an adult - a cadaveric case report
Authors: Iqbal S. 
Published: January 2020

Abstractlntussusception is rare in adults. It accounts for 5 to 10% of all intussusceptions and 1 % of all bowel obstructions. It has a definite lead point in the form of either a lesion in the bowel wall or intraluminal, which alters the normal peristalsis and may lead to an invagination. It may present as an acute, intermittent or chronic problem and thus making its pre-operative diagnosis difficult. The symptoms are usually those of bowel obstructions which include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain with or without melena and it depends on the causative lesions. Ultrasound and CT scans are the two most important radiological methods used in the diagnosis of intussusceptions. Surgical resection of the intussuscepted mass without reduction and end to end anastomosis is the preferred line of treatment in adults, because most of the enteric intussusceptions are associated with malignancy. In this report, we present a case of jejuno - jejunal intussusception in a dissection hall cadaver and analyze its incidence, etio-pathogenesis, classification, symptomatology, importance of imaging studies in the diagnosis and the therapeutic interventions in detail.
Non syndromic congenital malformations - a DNA study using comet assay
Authors: Swer Rijied Thompson , Datta Dyutimoy , D'Silva Mary Hydrina 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and Objectives: The role of genomic instability resulting from chromosomal aberrations, gene mutations due to deletions, translocations and single gene defects is a known phenomenon leading to DNA damage. A deficient repair process is also attributed to the perpetuation of this damage. Placental insufficiency in pregnancy during late embryonic or early fetal period resulting in DNA damage gives rise to malformed phenotypes. An attempt was made to study the extent of DNA damage in non syndromic congenital malformations. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 children were studied. 10 of them, between 10 days to 5 years of age, presenting with non syndromic congenital anomalies formed the cases. An equal number of children matched for age criteria formed the controls. Lymphocytes collected from peripheral blood of these children were subjected to the standard comet assay, an highly sensitive, reliable, relatively inexpensive and reproducible single cell layer electrophoretic technique, where damaged DNA migrates out of the cell towards the anode forming a comet. The length of the tail is a measure of the DNA damage. Results: The malformations observed were those of urogenital, craniofacial and nervous systems. The mean comet tail lengths were 24.744 μm, 20.649 μm and 27.402 μm respectively. Comparing this to the mean tail length in controls with 1.992 μm, there was high statistical significance (P value <0.0001). Conclusion: Gene mutations, particularly involving Sex Region Determining (SRD) genes and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) enzyme imbalances, have been implicated in these congenital malformations. Thus the comets seen in this study reflect the DNA damage due to the gene defects.
Transverse gallbladder: a case report
Authors: Medhi Shobhana , Baruah Anuradha , Kusre Giriraj 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEctopic gallbladder or anomalous position of the gallbladder is a rare congenital anomaly. Knowledge and awareness of this anomaly is important as it may predispose to various gallbladder diseases and may lead to diagnostic confusion. Here we present a case of a rare variant of ectopic gallbladder - transverse or horizontal position of the gallbladder in a still born male fetus observed during routine fetal autopsy.
Esthetic Perception of Various Forms of Anterior Diastemas during Smiling
Authors: Singla Divya , Stan Neha , Mittal Sanjay , Bhullar Mandeep , Aggarwal Isha , Hassan Rameez 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction Midline diastema is a common esthetic problem in mixed and permanent dentition. It is considered attractive in some cultures and unattractive in others.
Aim The aim of this study is to compare the perceptions of anterior diastema by dental students and laypersons.
Materials and Methods The study was conducted on 100 undergraduate students of Bhojia Dental College (n = 50) and Bhojia Nursing College (n = 50), Himachal Pradesh, India. A self-prepared questionnaire was given, which consisted of two parts: first part had personal details (name, age, sex, knowledge of diastema) and the second part contained an edited photograph of a patient who had reported to the Department of Orthodontics, Bhojia Dental College, with the chief complaint of midline diastema. The photographs were modified by photoediting software and arranged according to the previous studies on anterior diastema by Frush and Fisher, Lombardi, and Simian. A visual analog scale with scores 1–4 (1, most attractive; 2, attractive; 3, less attractive; 4, least attractive) was used to rank these photographs by the students. Comparison between various variables was made by using chi-squared test.
Results Smile attractiveness from the most to the least attractive was Simian > Frush and Fisher > Lombardi > midline diastema among both dental and nursing students. Gender and presence of diastema had no relation with the students’ perceptions (p > 0.05).
Conclusion The location and width of diastema had an important role in the perception of dental diastemas. Midline diastema was a gap with most negative perception.