bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate suitability for summer maize on the North China Plain under current and future climate scenarios
Authors: Tang Xiaopei , Liu Haijun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMaize production on the North China Plain (NCP) is critical to food security in China; however, currently, it is affected by climate change. Understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of the climate suitability for maize on the NCP in the present and future may help sustainably use climate‐related resources to ensure food security in China. In this study, 30 general circulation models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and a statistical downscaling model (NWAI‐WG) were used to project meteorological data in 2021–2100 under representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) and RCP8.5 for 23 national climatic stations on the NCP. Based on agricultural climate suitability theory and the fuzzy mathematics method, the suitability of temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation on summer maize were analysed. The results showed that temperature suitability is decreasing for 2021–2100, especially during the stages from jointing to maturity; temperature suitability is the lowest in the southwest and increases to the northeast under both scenarios. Compared to 1996–2015, the precipitation suitability in 2021–2100 increases greatly under both scenarios, especially in the central part under RCP4.5 and in the north part under RCP8.5. Solar radiation suitability shows a decreasing trend for 1996–2015, however, an increasing trend for 2021–2100 under both scenarios. At spatial scale, the solar suitability increases from southwest to northeast. The integrated climate suitability under RCP4.5 in 2021–2100 is averaged approximately 0.8 and varies slightly, indicating climate change may do small effect on maize growth, though the high values shifting from the central part in 2021–2040 to the northern part in 2081–2100; however, under RCP8.5, the integrated climate suitability shows a downward trend, indicating that climate change will make many regions less suitable for maize growth. These results could provide basic information for agriculture to adapt to climate change and ensure food security for China.
Biomechanical comparison of five cannulated screw fixation strategies for young vertical femoral neck fractures
Authors: Jiang Dajun , Zhan Shi , Wang Lei , Shi Lewis L. , Ling Ming , Hu Hai , Jia Weitao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVertical femoral neck fractures in patients younger than 65 years of age often require hip‐conserving surgeries. However, traditional fixation strategies using three parallel cannulated screws often fail in such patients due to an unfavorable biomechanical environment. This study compared different cannulated screw fixation techniques in patients via patient‐specific finite element analysis with linear tetrahedral (C3D4) elements. Forty vertical femoral neck fracture models were created based on computed tomography images obtained from eight healthy participants. Five different fixation strategies: alpha, buttress, rhomboid, inverted triangle, and triangle were assessed in walking status. Biomechanical parameters including stiffness, interfragmentary motion in two directions (detachment and shearing), compression force, and maximal implant stress were evaluated. The mean relative coefficient of strain distribution between the finite element analysis and experiment was from 0.78 to 0.94. Stiffness was highest (p < .05) in the buttress group (923.1 N/mm), while interfragmentary motion was lowest (p < .05) in the alpha group. Maximal stress was highest (p < .05) in the buttress group and lowest in the alpha group. Shearing values were significantly lower in the alpha group than in the rhomboid group (p = .004). Moreover, Shearing values were significantly higher (p = .027), while detachment values were significantly lower (p = .027), in the inverted triangle than in the triangle group. Clinical significance: Our results suggest that alpha fixation is the most reliable and biomechanically efficient strategy for young patients with vertical femoral neck fractures. Regular and inverted triangular fixation strategies may be suitable for fractures of different skeletal constructions due to antidetachment/shearing abilities.
Effects of water deficit and nitrogen application on leaf gas exchange, phytohormone signaling, biomass and water use efficiency of oat plants
Authors: Li Li , Ma Haiyang , Xing Jiayi , Liu Fulai , Wang Yaosheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground: Water and nitrogen (N) are essential resources influencing plant growth and yield. To improve their efficiencies in crop production is challenging because the physiological mechanisms of water and N coupling and their interactive effect on crop water use efficiency (WUE) are not well understood yet.Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological responses and phytohormones signaling in oats in response to soil water status and N supply under fertigation, to explore the mechanisms regulating plant growth and WUE.Methods: Oat plants were subjected to the factorial combination of three soil moisture regimes (50, 70, and 90% of soil water holding capacity, SWHC) and three N levels (fertilized with 74, 149, and 298 mg kg−1).Results: The stomatal conductance (gs) was significantly decreased by soil water deficit, and also by the highest N level, whereas photosynthesis rate (An) was unaffected by neither water nor N. Consequently, intrinsic WUE (WUEint, An/gs) was highest under reduced irrigation and high N fertilization. This effect at stomatal level was affirmed by responses in whole plant WUE (WUEb), which was positively correlated with shoot δ13C. A positive correlation between δ18O and δ13C in shoots further indicated that decreases of gs rather than changes in An contributed to the enhanced WUE.Conclusion: Moderate soil water deficit and sufficient N supply is recommended for saving irrigation water and improving WUE on fertigated oat plants without compromising biomass accumulation to any large extent.
Two‐dimensional separation techniques using supercritical fluid chromatography
Authors: Kaplitz Alexander S. , Mostafa Mahmoud Elhusseiny , Calvez Samantha A. , Edwards James L. , Grinias James P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh‐resolution separation systems are essential for the analysis of complex mixtures in a wide variety of application areas. To increase resolution, multidimensional chromatographic techniques have been one key solution. Supercritical fluid chromatography provides a unique opportunity in these multidimensional separations based on its potential for high solvent compatibility, rapid duty cycles, and orthogonality to other separation modes. This review focuses on two‐dimensional chromatography methods from the past decade that use supercritical fluid chromatography because of these advantages. Valving schemes and modulation strategies used to interface supercritical fluid chromatography with other liquid chromatography and gas chromatography techniques are described. Particular applications of multidimensional separations using supercritical fluid chromatography for the analysis of oils and chiral separations of pharmaceutical compounds are highlighted. Limitations of and a potential trajectory for supercritical fluid chromatography in this field are also discussed.
Character and environmental lability of cyanobacteria‐derived dissolved organic matter
Authors: Patriarca Claudia , Sedano‐Núñez Vicente T. , Garcia Sarahi L. , Bergquist Jonas , Bertilsson Stefan , Sjöberg Per J. R. , Tranvik Lars J. , Hawkes Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAutotrophic dissolved organic matter (DOM) is central to the carbon biogeochemistry of aquatic systems, and the full complexity of autotrophic DOM has not been extensively studied, particularly by high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Terrestrial DOM tends to dominate HRMS studies in freshwaters due to the propensity of such compounds to ionize by negative mode electrospray, and possibly also because ionizable DOM produced by autotrophy is decreased to low steady‐state concentrations by heterotrophic bacteria. In this study, we investigated the character of DOM produced by the widespread cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa using high‐pressure liquid chromatography—electrospray ionization—high‐resolution mass spectrometry. M. aeruginosa produced thousands of detectable compounds in axenic culture. These compounds were chromatographically resolved and the majority were assigned to aliphatic formulas with a broad polarity range. We found that the DOM produced by M. aeruginosa was highly susceptible to removal by heterotrophic freshwater bacteria, supporting the hypothesis that this autotroph‐derived organic material is highly labile and accordingly only seen at low concentrations in natural settings.
NPC1 silent variant induces skipping of exon 11 (p.V562V) and unfolded protein response was found in a specific Niemann‐Pick type C patient
Authors: Encarnação Marisa , Coutinho Maria Francisca , Cho Soo Min , Cardoso Maria Teresa , Ribeiro Isaura , Chaves Paulo , Santos Juliana Inês , Quelhas Dulce , Lacerda Lúcia , Leão Teles Elisa , Futerman Anthony H. , Vilarinho Laura , Alves Sandra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundNiemann‐Pick type C (NPC, MIM #257220) is a neuro‐visceral disease, caused predominantly by pathogenic variants in the NPC1 gene. Here we studied patients with clinical diagnosis of NPC but inconclusive results regarding the molecular analysis.MethodsWe used a Next‐Generation Sequencing (NGS)‐panel followed by cDNA analysis. Latter, we used massively parallel single‐cell RNA‐seq (MARS‐Seq) to address gene profiling changes and finally the effect of different variants on the protein and cellular levels.ResultsWe identified novel variants and cDNA analysis allowed us to establish the functional effect of a silent variant, previously reported as a polymorphism. We demonstrated that this variant induces the skipping of exon 11 leading to a premature stop codon and identified it in NPC patients from two unrelated families. MARS‐Seq analysis showed that a number of upregulated genes were related to the unfolded protein response (UPR) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in one specific patient. Also, for all analyzed variants, the NPC1 protein was partially retained in the ER.ConclusionWe showed that the NPC1 silent polymorphism (p.V562V) is a disease‐causing variant in NPC and that the UPR is upregulated in an NPC patient.
Numerical solutions of distributed order fractional differential equations in the time domain using the Müntz–Legendre wavelets approach
Authors: Maleknejad Khosrow , Rashidinia Jalil , Eftekhari Tahereh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a numerical method is presented to obtain and analyze the behavior of numerical solutions of distributed order fractional differential equations of the general form in the time domain with the Caputo fractional derivative. The suggested method is based on the Müntz–Legendre wavelet approximation. We derive a new operational vector for the Riemann–Liouville fractional integral of the Müntz–Legendre wavelets by using the Laplace transform method. Applying this operational vector and collocation method in our approach, the problem can be reduced to a system of linear and nonlinear algebraic equations. The arising system can be solved by the Newton method. Discussion on the error bound and convergence analysis for the proposed method is presented. Finally, seven test problems are considered to compare our results with other well‐known methods used for solving these problems. The results in the tabulated tables highlighted that the proposed method is an efficient mathematical tool for analyzing distributed order fractional differential equations of the general form.
A sixth‐order improved Runge–Kutta direct method for special third‐order ordinary differential equations
Authors: Ökten Turacı Mukaddes , Özdemir Merve 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we construct a four‐stage explicit improved Runge–Kutta direct (IRKD) method of order six for solving special third‐order ordinary differential equations. The sixth‐order IRKD method is a two‐step method and it requires fewer number of stages compared to the classical Runge–Kutta method of the same order per step. The stability properties of the proposed method are given. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method compared with the existing methods in the literature.
A National‐Level Informational Experiment to Promote Enrollment in Selective Colleges
Authors: Gurantz Oded , Howell Jessica , Hurwitz Michael , Larson Cassandra , Pender Matea , White Brooke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrior research finds that low‐income students are less likely to apply to and enroll in four‐year colleges or more selective colleges, even after controlling for academic preparation and other background characteristics. The College Board sought to reduce barriers in the college application process through a targeted campaign of brochures and e‐mails. These materials were sent to students two to three times between the end of eleventh grade and the middle of twelfth grade, and aimed to provide an impetus to start the college search process, minimize the costs of aggregating data, and encourage a broader college application portfolio. Some students were offered additional encouragements, such as text message reminders or college application fee waivers. In a randomized control trial with 785,000 low‐ and middle‐income students in the top 50 percent of the PSAT and SAT distributions, we find no changes in college enrollment patterns.
Complementary Use of U.S. FDA’s Adverse Event Reporting System and Sentinel System to Characterize Direct Oral Anticoagulants‐Associated Cutaneous Small Vessel Vasculitis
Authors: Mohamoud Mohamed , Horgan Casie , Eworuke Efe , Dee Elizabeth , Bohn Justin , Shapira Oren , Munoz Monica A. , Stojanovic Danijela , Sansing‐Foster Veronica , Ajao Adebola , La Grenade Lois 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundCutaneous small vessel vasculitis (CSVV) has been reported after exposure to direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), such as dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban.ObjectiveWe used the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to describe clinical characteristics associated with CSVV among DOAC‐exposed patients. Furthermore, we characterized this signal in the Sentinel System to relate the clinical data from the individual FAERS cases to population‐based electronic healthcare data.MethodsWe queried FAERS for all cases of CSVV associated with DOACs from U.S. approval date of each DOAC through March 16, 2018. Within the Sentinel System, we identified incident CSVV cases using ICD‐9 and ICD‐10 diagnosis codes among adults aged ≥ 30 years who received a DOAC in the prior 90 days between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2018. We excluded patients with evidence of select autoimmune diagnoses in the 183 days prior to their CSVV diagnoses and reported patient characteristics in the 183‐day period prior to CSVV diagnoses.ResultsIn FAERS, we identified 50 cases of CSVV reported with rivaroxaban (n=26), apixaban (n=14), dabigatran (n=9), and edoxaban (n=1). Approximately 50% of the cases reported time to onset within 10 days after DOAC exposure. When specified, the predominant type of CSVV reported was leukocytoclastic vasculitis (n=31), followed by Henoch‐Schonlein purpura (n=4). Hospitalization occurred in most of the cases (n=37). Switching of the offending agent after the development of CSVV was reported (n=26). Three rivaroxaban (n=3) cases and one dabigatran case (n=1) reported positive rechallenge. In the Sentinel system, we identified 3659 CSVV cases with prior DOAC exposure, with 85% of events occurring within 10 days.ConclusionsThe assessment of FAERS cases, combined with the temporal clustering of the Sentinel System cases suggest a possible causal relationship of DOACs and CSVV. Future efforts should characterize the risk of CSVV among the various DOAC users.
Characterization of field‐evolved resistance to pyridalyl in a near‐isogenic line of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella
Authors: Wang Ran , Fang Yong , Zhang Jiasong , Wang Jinda , Feng Honglin , Luo Chen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlutella xylostella has developed resistance to a variety of pesticides in the field. Selection, inheritance, a near‐isogenic line, cross‐resistance and biochemical mechanisms of pyridalyl resistance were characterized in a field‐collected resistant population of P. xylostella from China.RESULTSCompared with a susceptible IVF‐S strain, the field‐collected FZ population showed ~ 350‐fold resistance to pyridalyl. The FZ‐PY strain, selected from the FZ population using pyridalyl, developed ~ 640‐fold resistance to pyridalyl. Inheritance tests indicated that pyridalyl resistance in the FZ‐PY strain was autosomal and incompletely recessive. Through successive backcrossing to IVF‐S, a near‐isogenic strain (NIL‐PY) was established that exhibited 191.21‐fold resistance to pyridalyl and no cross‐resistance to other tested popular insecticides. No significant effects of synergists and higher activities of metabolic enzymes were observed in NIL‐PY compared with IVF‐S. Furthermore, the survival rate of NIL‐PY larvae, and female oviposition, fecundity and egg viability were markedly reduced in NIL‐PY compared with IVF‐S. The fitness of NIL‐PY was found to be 0.56 compared with IVF‐S.CONCLUSIONConsidering that no relevant effects of synergists or oxidative metabolism were observed in NIL‐PY, and that pyridalyl resistance results in significant fitness costs compared with IVF‐S, further research will be conducted on the mechanism of target‐site resistance. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of the binding ability of the odorant binding protein BminOBP9 of Bactrocera minax to citrus volatiles
Authors: Yao Runxian , Zhao Mingming , Zhong Ling , Li Yi , Li Dazhi , Deng Ziniu , Ma Xianfeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDBactrocera minax, one of the most important citrus pests, oviposits exclusively on citrus fruit. In the insect olfactory system, odorant‐binding proteins (OBPs) facilitate the initial recognition role of host odor molecules. The aim of this study was to characterize the functional OBPs of B. minax and identify specific volatile organic compounds in the Citrus genus as OBP targets.RESULTSBminOBP9 (BminGOBP99a), a closely related homolog of BdorGOBP99a, which reduces the egg‐laying behavior of Bactrocera dorsalis through silencing technology, was cloned, expressed, and purified. The binding ability of BminOBP9 to 11 citrus volatiles was then examined using fluorescence competition binding assays (FCBA). The results demonstrated that BminOBP9 could bind to all tested citrus volatiles, as could BdorGOBP99a, ZcucGOBP99a, and ZtauGOBP99a. Interestingly, the binding ability of BminOBP9 was the strongest among the four, suggesting that BminOBP9 may have a function in the specific recognition of citrus volatiles. Furthermore, we aligned the above four proteins and found nine distinctive amino acid sites in BminOBP9. To identify the unique binding sites of BminOBP9, we produced the nine mutants using site‐directed mutagenesis. Further FCBA showed that the binding ability of the nine mutants to citrus volatiles significantly reduced, and six of them (substitutes S24P, L36F, E53K, N68D, D112A, and S118R) had the weakest binding ability.CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrated that BminOBP9 was the specific protein involved in the perception of citrus host volatiles by B. minax. Moreover, BminOBP9 could prove efficient in screening the candidate odors for pest management. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Sustainability assessment framework and indicators developed by SuRF‐UK for land remediation option appraisal
Authors: Bardos R. Paul , Thomas Hayley F. , Smith Jonathan W. N. , Harries Nicola D. , Evans Frank , Boyle Richard , Howard Trevor , Lewis Richard , Thomas Alan O. , Dent Vivien L. , Haslam Angela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe scale of land‐contamination problems, and of the responses to them, makes achieving sustainability in contaminated land remediation an important objective. The Sustainable Remediation Forum in the UK (SuRF‐UK) was established in 2007 to support more sustainable remediation practices in the UK. The prevailing international consensus is that risk assessment is the most rational approach for determining remediation needs and urgency. Sustainability in this context is related to the effective delivery of whatever risk management is necessary to protect human health or the wider environment. SuRF‐UK suggests that decisions made at the project planning stage, and also in the choice of remediation approach used to reach particular objectives decided upon, are both opportunities for sustainability gain. In 2011, SuRF‐UK issued a set of wide‐ranging indicators to support sustainability assessments made during project planning and remediation option appraisal. This advice was reviewed over 2018–2020 and new guidance on process and indicators has been released. Within this guidance, SuRF‐UK has provided a checklist of possible sustainability indicators/criteria that can be used to benchmark the scope of sustainability assessment for remediation projects. These indicators are divided into 15 overarching (“headline”) categories, divided in a balanced way across the three elements of sustainability: Environmental (emissions to air, soil and ground conditions, groundwater and surface water, ecology, and natural resources and waste); social (human health and safety, ethics and equity, neighborhoods and locality, communities and community involvement, and uncertainty and evidence); and economic (direct economic costs and benefits, indirect economic costs and benefits, employment and employment capital, induced economic costs and benefits, and project lifespan and flexibility). The majority of this study explains these categories and their various considerations in more depth and provides the supporting rationale that led to their inclusion in the revised SuRF‐UK guidance.
Chattering analysis for Lipschitz continuous sliding‐mode controllers
Authors: Martínez‐Fuentes Carlos Arturo , Pérez‐Ventura Ulises , Fridman Leonid 
Published: October 2020

SummaryIn this article, an analysis of chattering in systems driven by Lipschitz continuous sliding‐mode controllers (LCSMC) is performed using the describing function approach. Two kinds of LCSMC are considered: the first one is based on a linear sliding variable (LSV) and the second one on a terminal sliding variable (TSV). Predictions of amplitude, frequency, and average power of self‐excited oscillations, are used to compare such LCSMC respect to the supertwisting controller (STC) in systems with fast‐actuators. Theoretical predictions and simulations allow the following conclusions: (i) LCSMC still may induce fast‐oscillations (chattering) of smaller amplitude and average power, than ones caused by the STC in the absence of the measurement noises. (ii) The level of chattering with LSV‐LCSMC could be smaller than one produced by TSV‐LCSMC. (iii) The zero (sliding) dynamics of the LSV‐LCSMC cannot be arbitrarily fast or the closed‐loop system may lose even practical stability, unlike the TSV‐LCSMC whose trajectories are finally bounded.