bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internet Use, eHealth Literacy, and Dietary Supplement Use Among Young Adults in Pakistan: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tariq Amina , Khan Shanchita R , Basharat Amna 
Published: January 2020

Background
Increased access to the internet has facilitated widespread availability of health information. Thus, electronic health (eHealth) literacy—the ability to seek, find, understand, and appraise health information from electronic resources and apply that knowledge in making a health-related decision—is a crucial skill. Despite the increasing use of the internet as a source of health information in developing countries, only a few studies have examined the eHealth literacy of young adults, who frequently use the internet to access health information in these developing countries.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the patterns of internet use and eHealth literacy levels among university students pursuing a non–health-related degree in Pakistan. We also examined the association of the eHealth literacy levels of these young adults with their physical activity levels and dietary supplement intake.

Methods
Students from 2 leading engineering universities in Pakistan were invited to participate in a cross-sectional anonymous web-based survey in order to collect data on their internet use, eHealth literacy, and dietary supplement intake. Of the 900 eligible university students who were invited to participate, 505 (56.1%) students who completed the questionnaire were included in the analysis. The findings were converted to median values and frequency analyses were performed. The associations between the variables were determined using the chi-square test; P≤.05 was considered significant.

Results
In this study, the median eHealth literacy scale (eHEALS) score was 29, which did not vary across gender. The most common type of health-related information that was searched by the participants was that related to maintaining a healthy lifestyle (305/505, 60.4%). Participants with high eHEALS scores were those who used the internet frequently for finding people with similar health issues (P<.001). The use of specific social media platforms was not associated with the perceived eHealth literacy levels. Neither the frequency of physical activity nor the dietary supplement use was associated with the eHealth literacy of the participants.

Conclusions
University students in non–health-related disciplines in Pakistan expressed high confidence in their skills to find health-related information on the internet, as indicated by the aggregate eHEALS scores. However, the findings of our study show that the perceived eHealth literacy was not associated with health behaviors such as physical activity and dietary supplement intake. Further research is necessary to investigate the extent to which eHealth literacy can be considered as a panacea for solving public health challenges in developing countries.
Late Relapse of Diabetes After Bariatric Surgery: Not Rare, but Not a Failure
Authors: Aminian Ali , Vidal Josep , Salminen Paulina , Still Christopher D. , Nor Hanipah Zubaidah , Sharma Gautam , Tu Chao , Wood G. Craig , Ibarzabal Ainitze , Jimenez Amanda , Brethauer Stacy A. , Schauer Philip R. , Mahawar Kamal 
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE
To characterize the status of cardiometabolic risk factors after late relapse of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to identify factors predicting relapse after initial diabetes remission following bariatric surgery to construct prediction models for clinical practice.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Outcomes of 736 patients with T2DM who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) at an academic center (2004–2012) and had ≥5 years’ glycemic follow-up were assessed. Of 736 patients, 425 (58%) experienced diabetes remission (HbA1c &lt;6.5% [48 mmol/mol] with patients off medications) in the 1st year after surgery. These 425 patients were followed for a median of 8 years (range 5–14) to characterize late relapse of diabetes.

RESULTS
In 136 (32%) patients who experienced late relapse, a statistically significant improvement in glycemic control, number of diabetes medications including insulin use, blood pressure, and lipid profile was still observed at long-term. Independent baseline predictors of late relapse were preoperative number of diabetes medications, duration of T2DM before surgery, and SG versus RYGB. Furthermore, patients who relapsed lost less weight during the 1st year after surgery and regained more weight afterward. Prediction models were constructed and externally validated.

CONCLUSIONS
While late relapse of T2DM is a real phenomenon (one-third of our cohort), it should not be considered a failure, as the trajectory of the disease and its related cardiometabolic risk factors is changed favorably after bariatric surgery. Earlier surgical intervention, RYGB (compared with SG) and more weight loss (less late weight regain) are associated with less diabetes relapse in the long-term.
A Novel Dual-Hormone Insulin-and-Pramlintide Artificial Pancreas for Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial
Authors: Haidar Ahmad , Tsoukas Michael A. , Bernier-Twardy Sarah , Yale Jean-Francois , Rutkowski Joanna , Bossy Anne , Pytka Evelyne , El Fathi Anas , Strauss Natalia , Legault Laurent 
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE
The rapid insulin-alone artificial pancreas improves glycemia in type 1 diabetes but daytime control remains suboptimal. We propose two novel dual-hormone artificial pancreas systems.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a randomized crossover trial comparing a rapid insulin-alone artificial pancreas with rapid insulin-and-pramlintide and with regular insulin-and-pramlintide artificial pancreas systems in adults with type 1 diabetes. Participants were assigned to the interventions in random order during three 24-h inpatient visits. Each visit was preceded by an outpatient hormonal open-loop run-in period of 10–14 days. The dual-hormone artificial pancreas delivered pramlintide in a basal-bolus manner, using a novel dosing algorithm, with a fixed ratio relative to insulin. The primary outcome was time in the range 3.9–10.0 mmol/L.

RESULTS
Compared with the rapid insulin-alone artificial pancreas system, the rapid insulin-and-pramlintide system increased the time in range from 74% (SD 18%) to 84% (13%) (P = 0.0014), whereas the regular insulin-and-pramlintide system did not change the time in range (69% [19%]; P = 0.22). The increased time in range with the rapid insulin-and-pramlintide system was due to improved daytime control (daytime time in range increased from 63% [23%] to 78% [16%], P = 0.0004). There were 11 (1 per 2.5 days) hypoglycemic events (&lt;3.3 mmol/L with symptoms or &lt;3.0 mmol/L irrespective of symptoms) with the rapid insulin-alone system, compared with 12 (1 per 2.3 days) and 18 (1 per 1.4 days) with the rapid and regular insulin-and-pramlintide systems, respectively. Gastrointestinal symptoms were reported after 0% (0 of 112) of meals with the rapid insulin-alone system, compared with 6% (6 of 108) and 11% (11 of 104) with the rapid and regular insulin-and-pramlintide systems, respectively; none of the symptoms were severe.

CONCLUSIONS
A novel rapid insulin-and-pramlintide artificial pancreas improves glucose control compared with a rapid insulin-alone artificial pancreas (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02814123).
Reduction in Global Myocardial Glucose Metabolism in Subjects With 1-Hour Postload Hyperglycemia and Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Succurro Elena , Pedace Elisabetta , Andreozzi Francesco , Papa Annalisa , Vizza Patrizia , Fiorentino Teresa Vanessa , Perticone Francesco , Veltri Pierangelo , Cascini Giuseppe Lucio , Sesti Giorgio 
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE
Impaired insulin-stimulated myocardial glucose uptake has occurred in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without coronary artery disease. Whether cardiac insulin resistance is present remains uncertain in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes, such as individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 1-h postload glucose ≥155 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test (NGT 1-h high). This issue was examined in this study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The myocardial metabolic rate of glucose (MRGlu) was measured by using dynamic 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp in 30 volunteers without coronary artery disease. Three groups were studied: 1) those with 1-h postload glucose &lt;155 mg/dL (NGT 1-h low) (n = 10), 2) those with NGT 1-h high (n = 10), 3) and those with IGT (n = 10).

RESULTS
After adjusting for age, sex, and BMI, both subjects with NGT 1-h high (23.7 ± 6.4 mmol/min/100 mg; P = 0.024) and those with IGT (16.4 ± 6.0 mmol/min/100 mg; P &lt; 0.0001) exhibited a significant reduction in global myocardial MRGlu; this value was 32.8 ± 9.7 mmol/min/100 mg in subjects with NGT 1-h low. Univariate correlations showed that MRGlu was positively correlated with insulin-stimulated whole-body glucose disposal (r = 0.441; P = 0.019) and negatively correlated with 1-h (r = −0.422; P = 0.025) and 2-h (r = −0.374; P = 0.05) postload glucose levels, but not with fasting glucose.

CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that myocardial insulin resistance is an early defect that is already detectable in individuals with dysglycemic conditions associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, such as IGT and NGT 1-h high.
Complications of Antenatal Corticosteroids in Infants Born by Early Term Scheduled Cesarean Section
Authors: Gupta Katharine , Rajagopal Rohit , King Felicia , Simmons David 
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE
To compare neonatal hypoglycemia and respiratory morbidity rates in pregnancies complicated by diabetes following early term scheduled cesarean section (ETSCS) with and without maternal corticosteroid administration.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In a retrospective cohort study, women with any form of diabetes in pregnancy undergoing ETSCS were included. Primary outcomes were admission rates to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)/transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) and/or neonatal hypoglycemia.

RESULTS
NICU admission rates for neonatal hypoglycemia were significantly higher (24.2% vs. 4.4%, P = 0.003) and RDS/TTN rates were nonsignificantly higher (15.2% vs. 7.2%, P = 0.209) following corticosteroid administration.

CONCLUSIONS
Corticosteroids were not beneficial among women with any form of diabetes in pregnancy undergoing ETSCS and, indeed, may be harmful. In our hospital, we have ceased the use of corticosteroids for women under these circumstances.
Messianic movements and the sacralization of the territory
Authors: Pace Vincenzo 
Published: January 2020

This article focuses on contemporary Messianic Judaism. The author deals particularly with the Chabad and Gush Emunim movements, which have established many settlements in the West Bank, Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, and Golan Heights. These settlements not only satisfy a vital need for living space but are also the expression of strong Messianic tension. This tension produces a mundus imaginalis (Corbin), the boundaries of which come between heaven and earth, between the biblical contours of the Promised Land and the harsh reality of a territory marked by war. The object of analysis is the toponymic politics developed by these Messianic movements in order to sacralize the territory in view of the coming of the Messiah.
Territórios, mobilidade e biografia no espiritismo franco-brasileiro
Authors: Teixeira Gismair Martins 
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo pretende apresentar um estudo sobre a territorialidade do espiritismo franco-brasileiro. O conceito de territorialidade adotado para este trabalho é o elaborado pelos pensadores franceses Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari na obra Mil platôs: capitalismo e esquizofrenia 2. Em ambos os autores, a territorialidade aparece como um vetor de fluxo do conceito de rizoma, que é basilar na estruturação de conteúdo desta obra. Inerente à ideia de territorialidade é a noção de mobilidade. Neste trabalho, esses marcadores conceituais serão aplicados ao estudo de caso em torno da trajetória do médium Divaldo Pereira Franco, representativa figura do espiritismo franco-brasileiro, cujos dados biográficos servirão de análise da mobilidade territorial do espiritismo codificado na França por Allan Kardec.
Preparing the Child for Productive Life
Authors: Fortune Stella Baindu Fortune 
Published: January 2020

The nature of children’s development is greatly influenced by the environmental conditions in which they are brought up. The amount of social stimulation which they receive is of particular importance, and even if physical conditions are adequate, an unstimulating environment which provides with little opportunity or need to experiment or solve problems will result in low level of achievement. Perhaps the most important aspect of the child’s social development is beyond the reach of the teacher. For the first very important aspect of the child’s development lies in the home. Genetic endowment and cultural level of the family, coupled with the actual physical conditions of the home will have decisive effect on the child’s development and will continue to influence him throughout his school life. These factors are inaccessible to be influenced by the teacher but it is as well for him to have them in mind in his dealings with pupils. In addition, he will need to know how he may most effectively change his pupils along the lives he considers to be the most appropriate. That is, he will seek out the most efficient ways of getting pupils learn for productive life in future.
The topic under review will be approached from various fronts which include;
The Sociological and Philosophical models; role of the school; Learners’ responsibility; role of the teacher; discipline and learner control; role of the parent; guidance and counseling services and conclusion.
Mundos autónomos y la transgresión en los relatos de Marina Perezagua
Authors: Dobrowolska de Tejerina Magdalena 
Published: January 2020

La narrativa breve de Marina Perezagua tiene un carácter desestabilizador cercano al de la literatura fantástica; sin embargo, los elementos sobrenaturales, presentes en su obra, no se emplean de acuerdo con los preceptos de este género. Nos proponemos estudiar el enfoque original de Marina Perezagua, observando posibles similitudes y diferencias respecto a lo fantástico. Nuestro análisis se centrará en las características de los mundos autónomos, que se construyen en conflicto con lo establecido, y en diferentes aspectos de la transgresión, destacando la importancia de la literalidad que permite dar un giro inesperado a los antiguos tópicos.
CHA2DS2-VASc and SAMe-TT2R2 scores as predictors of recurrence for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients on vitamin K antagonists after radiofrequency catheter ablation
Authors: Zhao Jianqiang , Zhou Dongchen , Chen Miao , Zhuo Chengui , Lin Zhongyuan , Zheng Liangrong , Wang Qiqi 
Published: January 2020

Aims
Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained arrhythmia in the general population, and circumferential pulmonary vein isolation has emerged as a cornerstone in the treatment of drug-resistant atrial fibrillation. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the CHA2DS2-VASc and SAMe-TT2R2 scores as predictors of outcomes among patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation on vitamin K antagonists after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA).

Methods
The current prospective observational study enrolled 304 consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent RFCA. Warfarin was maintained for at least 3 months after RFCA. The 1-year atrial fibrillation recurrence rate was documented.

Results
Persistent atrial fibrillation (P = 0.003), heart failure (P < 0.001), an enlarged left atrium (P = 0.003), current smoking (P < 0.001), the CHA2DS2-VASc score (P = 0.001), and the SAMe-TT2R2 score (P < 0.001) were univariate associated with recurrent atrial fibrillation. Cutoff analysis showed that a CHA2DS2-VASc score at least 3 (areas under the curve = 0.612; 95% confidence interval 0.537–0.687) and a SAMe-TT2R2 score at least 5 (areas under the curve = 0.642, 95% confidence interval 0.575–0.708) had the highest predictive value for atrial fibrillation recurrence. Patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score at least 3 (P < 0.001) and a SAMe-TT2R2 score at least 5 (P = 0.001) had a higher probability of experiencing atrial fibrillation recurrence after RFCA compared with patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score less than 3 and a SAMe-TT2R2 score less than 5.

Conclusion
CHA2DS2-VASc and SAMe-TT2R2 scores were associated with 1-year recurrence of atrial fibrillation in patients on vitamin K antagonists after RFCA. For CHA2DS2-VASc and SAMe-TT2R2 scores, a cutoff value of at least 3 and at least 5 had the highest predictive value for atrial fibrillation recurrence, respectively.
Structural Inversion Magnitude and its Impacts on the Hydrocarbon Accumulation
Authors: El-Behiry Mohamed G. , El-Nikhely Adly H. D. , El Sayed Bassem M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
West Wadi El-Rayan is located in the Western Desert at about 140 km SE of Cairo. Also, it lies between Gindi basin to the east and Abu Gharadig basin to the west. In order to construct a 3D structural model and to delineate the subsurface structure styles of the area, seismic structural interpretation and structural restoration are used. The structural geometry within the area is inverted half-graben, since the area was controlled by reactivation of older faults. The magnitude of the inversion-related shortening in the study area was estimated and was suggested to be strong. The result of the strong inversion magnitude occurred toward northeast of the study area can be concluded that, the area suffered shortening and part of the Jurassic / Early Cretaceous normal faults are reactivated as reverse faults. Also the cap, the main reservoirs and the source rock sections are brought to the surface and thus breached, as well any previous mature source rock becoming non-generative where the dry wells are located. However, any less severe inversion structure in this case where producing wells are located that remain buried and will have a better chance or preserving the structure geometry and therefore top and lateral seal.
Nevşehir Castle Region in Turkey Interpreted by the Use of Seismic Surface Wave and Electrical Resistance Measurements Together
Authors: Çakır Özcan , Coşkun Nart , Erduran Murat 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The underground city beneath the Nevşehir Castle located in the middle of Cappadocia region in Turkey with approximately cone shape is investigated by jointly utilizing the modern geophysical techniques of seismic surface waves and electrical resistivity. The systematic void structure under the Nevşehir Castle of Cappadocia, which is known to have widespread underground cities, is studied by the use of 33 separate two-dimensional profiles ~4-km long where electrical resistivities and seismic surface waves are concurrently measured. Seismic surface wave measurements are inverted to establish the shear-wave velocity distribution while resistivity measurements are inverted to resolve the resistivity distribution. Several high-resistivity anomalies with a depth range 8-20 m point to a systematic void structure beneath the Nevşehir Castle. We were able to effectively isolate the void structure from the embedding structure since the currently employed resistivity instrument has provided us high resolution quality measurements. Associated with the high resistivity anomalies there exist low-velocity depth zones acquired from the surface wave inversions also pointing to a systematic void structure where three-dimensional visualization techniques are used to show the extension of the void structure under the studied area.
Provenance of the Early Cambrian Abbottabad Formation in the Hazara region, Pakistan
Authors: ur Rahim Inam , Ghazi Shahid , Ali Shahid , Dar Qamar Uz Zaman , Zeb Noman 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The early Cambrian Abbottabad Formation mainly comprises of dolomite, sandstone, shale and conglomerates at Khote-di-Qabar section, Hazara region, Pakistan. The formation makes lower contact with Hazara Formation and upper contact with Hazira Formation. The formation is comprehensively studied during the field and lab work to interpret its provenance. Five distinguishable sedimentary units including 1) Tanaki boulder bed; 2) Sanghargali siltstone/shale; 3) Mohammdagali Dolomite/quartzite; 4) Mirpur sandstone; 5) Sirban dolomite can be identified in the field that indicate variable depositional strata of the formation under various depositional setting. Additionally, petrographic analysis of Sanghargali siltstone/shale unit and Mirpur sandstone unit of the formation indicate the main lithologies of these units are litharenite and sublitharenite respectively. Moreover, the provenance of these sandstone units of the formation most probably belong to Aravali and Malani Ranges located in the South of the study area.
Re-Evaluasi Vonis Hakim Pengadilan Negeri Makassar Pada Perkara Tindak Pidana Korupsi
Authors: Bima Muhammad Rinaldy 
Published: January 2020

Corruption is a special crime that has a negative impact on the survival of the nation and the state. corruption can occur everywhere / all levels. From this description, this study aims to analyze the verdicts of the Makassar District Court judges in cases of corruption. The problems that arise in this study are: What is the judge's verdict against the occurrence of criminal acts of corruption. The method used in this study is a normative legal research method by analyzing data descriptively-quantitatively. The results showed, first, the verdict was a very significant influence on the rampant cases of criminal acts of corruption, corruption cases increased from year to year. secondly, the judge's verdict in the case of corruption is strongly influenced by the demands of the prosecutor. Prosecutors 'demands and judges' verdicts are very low, so they do not provide a deterrent effect for perpetrators of corruption. This illustrates that the judge has not fully applied the punishment to the perpetrators of corruption in order to give a deterrent effect, because there are still many judicial verdicts that are lower than the demands of the public prosecutor.
Korupsi merupakan tindak pidana khusus yang berdampak buruk bagi kelangsungan hidup berbangsa dan bernegara. korupsi dapat terjadi dimana-mana/semua level. Dari uraian tersebut penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tentang vonis hakim Pengadilan Negeri Makassar pada perkara tindak pidana korupsi. Permasalahan yang timbul dalam penelitian ini adalah: Bagaimanakah vonis hakim terhadap terjadinya tindak pidana korupsi. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode peneltian hukum normatif dengan menganalisis data secara deskriptif-kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, pertama, vonis hakim sangat berpengaruh signifikan terhadap maraknya kasus tindak pidana korupsi, kasus tindak pidana korupsi semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. kedua, vonis hakim pada perkara tindak pidana korupsi, sangat dipengaruhi oleh tuntutan jaksa. Tuntutan jaksa dan vonis hakim sangat rendah, sehingga tidak memberikan efek jera bagi pelaku tindak pidana korupsi. Hal ini menggambarkan bahwa hakim belum sepenuhnya dalam menerapkan penghukuman kepada pelaku tindak pidana korupsi untuk memberi efek jera, karena masih banyak terdapatnya vonis hakim yang lebih rendah dari tuntutan jaksa penuntut umum.