bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The tumor microbiome is implicated in breast cancer prognosis
Authors: Zhu Jia , Wu Jie , Mo Changgan , Liang Siyuan , Lian Tao , Qi Tiantian , Qiu Rongbin , Yu Xiaoting , Tang Xiuge , Wu Biao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Some breast cancer patients are prone to recurrence and metastasis. Increasing evidence suggests that the breast tissue contains a diverse population of bacteria, which may be modulating the risk of breast cancer development or progression. However, the extent of microbial contribution to the tumor immune microenvironment in breast cancer remains unknown. Here, we explored the potential influence of the tumor microbiota on the local immune microenvironment and breast cancer prognosis.Methods: Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we analyzed the tumor microbiome composition and identified bacteria that were differentially abundant between breast cancer patients with recurrence or metastasis (R/M) and those without recurrence or metastasis (NRM). We performed total RNA sequencing in tumor tissues from patients in both groups to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The landscape of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) subtypes in the tumor immune microenvironment was analyzed using CIBERSORT, based on the gene expression profiling of tumor tissues. Differences in the tumor microbiomes were then correlated with DEGs and differences in TIICs, in order to determine how microbial abundance may contribute to cancer progression.Results: Microbial alpha-diversity was higher in NRM patients than in R/M patients. The composition and functions of the tumor microbiome communities differed between the two groups. We found higher alpha-diversity, higher abundance of Ruminococcus, Butyrivibrio, and Deinococcus, and lower abundance of Microbacterium could serve as a predictor of better prognosis in breast cancer patients. We also found that 16 genes, including CD36, showed differential expression in NRM compared to R/M, and differences in the composition of TIICs were observed between the two groups. In addition, we observed that the different tumor microbiome profiles were associated with DEGs and differences in TIICs between the two groups.Conclusions: The tumor microbiome may affect the prognosis of breast cancer patients by influencing the tumor immune microenvironment. Thus, the tumor microbiome may be a useful prognostic indicator.
Structural Alterations of the Choroid Evaluated by Enhanced-Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: KOCAMIŞ Özkan , Temel Emine , HIZMALI Lokman , AŞIKGARİP Nazife , ÖRNEK Kemal , Sezgin Fikriye Milletli 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: To assess alterations of choroid by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: Thirty-two patients with COVID-19 infection (group 1) and 34 healthy subjects (group 2) were included in this study. The choroidal thickness was measured at three points: Subfoveal, 1500 mm nasal from the fovea, and 1500 mm temporal from the fovea. Total choroidal area, luminal area, stromal area and choroidal vascular index (CVI) was measured by Image-J.Results: In group 1, subfoveal, nasal, and temporal choroid thicknesses were thinner compared to group 2. However, there was no statistical significance (p=0.534, p=0.437, and p=0.077, respectively). The mean total choroidal area, the mean stromal area, the mean luminal area, and the mean CVI were significantly decreased in group 1 (p<0.001, p=0.001, p=0.001, and p=0.003; respectively).Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that there may be choroidal vascular and stromal depletion in these patients.
Mediation Role of Social Support and Burnout Between Financial Satisfaction and Turnover Intention in Primary Care Providers: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yan Huosheng , Sang Lingzhi , Liu Hongzhang , Li Cancan , Wang Zijing , Chen Ren , Ding Hong , Hu Zhi , Chen Guimei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Turnover intention is a major cause of reduced team morale and low work efficiency. It hinders work performance and reduces the quality of medical services. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between financial satisfaction and turnover intention and its mediators among primary care providers.Methods: Stratified sampling was used to select 1241 participants from three counties in Anhui province, China. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire. Turnover intention was assessed with a turnover intention assessment scale. Social support and burnout were measured with the 12-item Perceived Social Support Scale and the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, respectively. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis.Results: The findings showed high turnover intention among primary care providers (mean score 14.16±4.337), and most providers reported low financial satisfaction (mean score 2.49±0.990). The mean social support score was 64.93±13.229, and only 6.1% of primary care providers reported no burnout. Compared with participants with high financial satisfaction, those with low financial satisfaction were more likely to report higher turnover intention (β=−0.216, p<0.001), more social support (β=0.181, p<0.001), and more severe burnout (β=−0.123, p<0.05). Turnover intention may be related to social support (β=−0.147, p<0.001) and burnout (β=0.239, p<0.001). Furthermore, the effect of financial satisfaction on turnover intention was significantly mediated by social support (β=−0.027, p<0.001) and burnout (β=−0.029, p<0.05).Conclusions: Turnover intention is associated with financial satisfaction, with this association mediated by social support and burnout. A reasonable mechanism needs to be established to improve the financial satisfaction and social support and reduce burnout among primary care providers.
Association Between Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 and Insulin Resistance in Obese Prepubertal Boys: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kuang Jiangying , Zhang Li , Xu Yueqin , Xue Jiang , Liang Shuang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: As one of the most common features of obesity, insulin resistance is central to the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Low insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) levels have been proven to be associated with many traditional cardiovascular risk factors, but it still remains controversy with the relationship between IGF-1 and insulin resistance. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between IGF-1 and insulin resistance in obese prepubertal boys.Methods: We used whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) to represent insulin resistance. 70 obese prepubertal boys were included in this study, and the obese subjects were divided into two groups by using 1.285 as a threshold value for WBISI. Clinical examination and laboratory examinations were assessed for all participants.Results: Among obese boys, the group of children with WBISI ≤1.285 had lower IGF-1 standard deviation scores (SDS) (p = 0.021) than WBISI >1.285 group. The results of multivariate stepwise regression analysis show that WBISI was positively correlated with IGF-1 SDS (β =1.726, p = 0.002) after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors.Conclusion: IGF-1 SDS was negatively associated with insulin resistance in obese prepubertal boys, independent of other traditional cardiovascular disease risk markers.
Tertiary Butylhydroquinone Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Liver Steatosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Zhu Tiantian , Zhu Chaonan , Huang Ning , Liu Tianheng , Wang Shuangxi , Wan Guangrui , Song Ping , Xu Jian , Li Peng , Yin Yaling 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) on insulin resistance (IR) and diabetic liver steatosis. Methods: Male ApoE-/- mice were received streptozocin (STZ) injection and a high-sugar-high-fat diet to form type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Then, the mice were given TBHQ for six weeks. Body weight, fasting blood-glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PBG), insulin and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were detected on all the mice. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and western-blot were performed to detect the morphological structure and the target proteins expression in liver tissues. In vitro, HepG2 cells were induced by HClO and insulin to develop IR. Western-blot was used to evaluate the related proteins expression. Hoechst staining was conducted to measure cell apoptosis. Results: Mice that received STZ injection and a high-sugar-high-fat diet developed T2DM. TBHQ reduced blood glucose level, improved glucose tolerance, alleviated liver steatosis in diabetic mice. Moreover, TBHQ significantly increased AMPKα2, GLUT4 and GSK3β expression, up-regulated PI3K and AKT phosphorylation level in diabetic mice liver. Notably, TBHQ down-regulated HClO and insulin-induced cell IR and inhibited cell apoptosis via AMPKα2/PI3K/AKT pathway. Conclusion: TBHQ alleviated IR and liver steatosis in T2DM mice and the mechanism may relate to AMPKα2/PI3K/AKT pathway.
The State Value
Authors: AbdElaal Moustafa Ahmed , Elmohamady Nesrien Mohamed 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper considers the state value using the real option approach. Our model allows adding unlimited number of factors which affects the state value. We adjusted Ornstein-Uhlenbeck stochastic process to be able to consider unlimited number of pricing factors to calculate the state value. We think this model may be useful to evaluate the performance of the government and making decision process via knowing the optimal value and the optimal time for the decision. This dynamic model differs from the traditional pricing model for evaluating the nation's wealth using the discounted cash flow model (DCF) which does not allows considering the market condition via using the risk-neutral approach. The states value determinants are divided into two classes, determinants and sub-determinants.
Fabrication and Paracrine Effect Research of Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cell Sheet
Authors: Xue Fenlong , Xin Yuanfeng , Bai Yunpeng , Jiang Yiyao , Liu Jianhsi , Jian Kaitao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The release of a wide array of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) sheet-secreted paracrine factors is central to the mechanism by which these cells contribute to tissue repair. The purpose of this study was to fabricate BM-EPC sheet and conduct preliminary investigation on the paracrine effect of SDF-1ɑ about the role of the stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α)/CXCR4 axis in the form of tubular structures from BM-EPCs sheet.Methods: EPCs derived from rat bone marrow (BM-EPC) were identified and isolated by the cell-surface markers CD34/CD133/VE-cadherin/KDR using flow cytometry, as well as by dual affinity for acLDL and UEA-1. Single-cell suspensions were seeded on temperature-responsive cell culture dishes. After 7 days of incubation, the BM-EPC cells were easily harvested as cell sheets, and a series of biochemical experiments were performed in vitro. The expression levels of SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis-associated genes and proteins were examined using RT‑qPCR and western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to determine the concentrations of VEGF, EGF and SDF-1α in the cell culture medium.Results: The BM-EPC cell sheets were successfully harvested. Moreover, BM-EPC cell sheets have superior proliferation and tube formation activity when compare with single cell suspension. When capillary-like tube were formed from EPCs sheets, the releasing of paracrine factors such as VEGF, EGF, and SDF-1ɑ were increasing. To drive the tube formation of BM-EPCs sheets, our mechanism research showed that the activation of PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway since the phosphorylation of protein CXCR, PI3K, AKT and eNOS were increasing. Conclusion: BM-EPC cell sheets have superior proliferation and tube formation activity that can be used for tissue repair. The strong ability to secrete paracrine factors was be related to the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis through PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway.
Extract of white sweet potato tuber against TNF-α-induced insulin resistant by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway in C2C12 myotubes
Authors: Chen Chiao-Ming , Varga Viola , Shyur Lie-Fen , Mu Shu-Chi , Li Sing-Chung 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background

White sweet potato (WSP; I. batatas L. Simon No.1) has many potential beneficial effects on metabolic control and diabetes-related insulin resistance. The improvement of insulin resistance by WSP tuber extracts on glucose uptake were not investigated in C2C12 myoblast cells.
Results

WSP tuberous ethanol extract (WSP-E), partition with ethyl-acetate and water to got ethyl-acetate layer (WSP-EA) and water layer (WSP-EW) have highest total phenol contents and antioxidant activity respectively. After low concentration horse serum on differentiation inducement of C2C12 myoblasts into mature myotubes, treated with TNF-α to induce insulin resistant, WSP-EA and WSP-EW extracts increased the uptake of fluorescence glucose analogue (2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose, 2-NBDG) in a dose depend manner by flow cytometry. The WSP-EA enhanced glucose uptake by activation of phosphorylation of IR (pIR), IRS-1 (pIRS-1) and Akt (pAkt) involved in PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) / protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, also upregulated glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression in myotubes.
Conclusions

WSP-EA enhanced the glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes through upregulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. WSP tuber extracts has potential applications to improve insulin resistance in diabetes in vitro.
Treadmill Training Improves Cognitive Function via Increasing IGF2&nbsp;Targeted Downregulation of miRNA-483
Authors: Xiong Liu-Lin , Dong Xiu-Juan , Xue Lu-Lu , Chen Jun-Jie , Al-hawwas Mohammed , Zhu Zhao-Qing , Wang Tinghua 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Suitable exercise can promote development of cognitive function and improve learning and memory ability of the hippocampus. Nevertheless, mechanisms that elicit these positive effects of exercise are yet needing to be elucidated. IGF2 is known to act as a potent memory and cognitive enhancer, whereas the mechanism by which IGF2 regulates cognitive function related to moderate treadmill exercise remained largely vague.Methods: In the study, rats were subjected to slight, moderate and high intensity treadmill training for 6 weeks. Then, Morris Water maze test was employed to investigate hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory ability in rats subjected to different intensity treadmill exercise. Subsequently, the gene chip and Gene Ontology were used for analysis to explore the expression level of IGF2. Furthermore, The TargetScan_7.1, miRDB, and microRNA.org. databases was used to predict the target gene of IGF2. Results: After Morris Water maze test, we found that middle intensity treadmill training could obviously enhance learning and memory function of rats. The qRT-PCR and western blot confirmed that the expression of IGF2 was significantly upregulated in hippocampus after moderate treadmill exercise. Through databases, miRNA-483 was screened and predicted as the target gene of IGF2. Moreover, silencing IGF2 inhibited the neurite growth in the hippocampus of rats, while, miRNA-483-inhibitor ameliorated the silencing IGF2 induced hippocampal neurons impairment to promote the neurite outgrowth.Conclusions: These findings suggested that the treadmill training could enhance the cognitive function, in which the underlying mechanism is involving in elevating the expression level of IGF2 and associated with downregulated miRNA-483. This therefore provide a reliable theoretical explanation on improving cognitive function induced by moderate exercise.
Application and Discussion of Laparoscope in the Treatment of Gallbladder Carcinoma
Authors: Wu Di , Chen Yuxiang , Duan Yunfei , Lu Yunjie , Sun Donglin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: To explore the clinical efficacy and long-term prognosis of laparoscopic technique in patients with gallbladder cancer.Methods: Retrospective analysis and summary of the clinical data of 50 patients with gallbladder carcinoma treated by laparoscope from January 2010 to November 2018 in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University.Results: The intraoperative or postoperative pathology of 43 cases were confirmed as the gallbladder carcinoma. Among them, 11 cases were confirmed as Tis stage, 12 cases as T1b stage, 20 cases as T2 stage and 7 cases as T3 stage. Follow up data of one patient was lost due to personal reason. During the follow-up period, no one at Tis stage died, two cases at T1b stage died, six cases at T2 stage died and six cases at T3 stage died. Conclusion: Laparoscope is a secure and feasible way in the treatment of gallbladder carcinoma at an early stage, but a large number of clinical data is still required to demonstrate its long-term curative effect.
Psoas CT Attenuation and Fatty Infiltration Rate Predict Incisional Hernia After Appendicectomy
Authors: Du Xuechao , Sun Pengtao , Yan Yuchang , Gong Xiang , Lian Yufei , Pan Zhenyu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Incisional hernia (IH), especially giant incisional hernia negatively affects a patient’s quality of life. Previous literatures often used muscle area measured by CT to assess loss of muscle mass and to estimate its relationship with diseases. For now, a few literatures have discussed potential effect of psoas muscle area on IH, while very limited attention has been paid to the association between psoas fatty infiltration and incidence of IH. In this study, we aimed to investigate if psoas CT measurement parameters, including average CT attenuation, fatty infiltration rate and psoas muscle index, were associated with IH.Methods Adult patients (> 18 years old) who had a history of appendicectomy and underwent CT examination in Beijing Chaoyang hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were enrolled. All patients were classified into IH group and non-IH group. Psoas CT attenuation, fatty infiltration rate (FIR) and psoas muscle index (PMI) were measured or calculated. Sarcopenia was defined according to PMI. Differences in indices between the two groups were compared. Logistic regression model was applied to assess the effects of psoas CT measurement parameters on the occurrence of IH.Results 120 consecutive patients were included in this study. Psoas CT attenuation (p = 0.031) and PMI (p = 0.042) in IH group were significantly lower than those in non-IH group, and FIR in IH group was significantly higher than that in non-IH group (p < 0.001). Psoas CT attenuation, FIR, PMI, age, gender and smoking were significant factors in univariate logistic regression analysis. After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that psoas CT attenuation was an independent protective factor (p = 0.042), and FIR an independent risk factor (p = 0.018); while PMI (p = 0.118) and sarcopenia (p = 0.663) showed no significant effect on incidence of IH.Conclusion Decreased CT attenuation and increased FIR of psoas are risk factors for IH after appendectomy.
Percutaneous vertebroplasty versus kyphoplasty for the treatment of neurologically intact osteoporotic Kümmell’s disease
Authors: Dai Shouqian , qin Rongqing , shi xiu , Yang Hui-lin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and kyphoplasty (PKP) have been widely used to treat neurologically intact osteoporotic Kümmell’s disease (KD), but it is still unclear which treatment is more advantageous. Our study aimed to compare and investigate the safety and clinical efficacy of PVP and PKP in the treatment of KD.Methods: The relevant data that 64 patients of neurologically intact osteoporotic KD receiving PVP (30 patients) or PKP (34 patients) were analyzed. Surgical time, operation costs, intraoperative blood loss, volume of bone cement injection, and fluoroscopy times were compared. Occurrence of cement leakage, transient fever and re-fracture were recorded. Universal indicators of visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were evaluated separately before surgery and at 1 day, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and the final follow-up after operation. The height of anterior edge of the affected vertebra and the Cobb’s angle were assessed by imaging. Results: All patients were followed up for at least 24 months. The volume of bone cement injection, intraoperative blood loss, occurrence of bone cement leakage, transient fever and re-fracture between two groups showed no significant difference. The surgical time, the operation cost and fluoroscopy times of the PKP group was significantly higher than that of the PVP group. The post-operative VAS, ODI scores, the height of the anterior edge of the injured vertebrae and kyphosis deformity were significantly improved in both groups compared with the pre-operation. The improvement of vertebral height and kyphosis deformity in PKP group was significantly better than that in the PVP group at every same time point during the follow-up periods, but the VAS and ODI scores between the two groups showed no significant difference.Conclusion: PVP and PKP can both significantly alleviate the pain of patients with KD and obtain good clinical efficacy and safety. By contrast, PKP can achieve better imaging height and kyphosis correction, and can be recommended as a preferred treatment options for KD.
Risk and Prevalence of Fatty Liver Assessed in A Scientific Research Institute in Beijing
Authors: Qu Shu-Gen , Chen Hui-Qin , Li Dong-Mei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the prevalence and distribution of employees with fatty liver disease (FLD) and assess the risk factors associated with diseases and biochemical markers. Methods: Disease risk markers, and the levels of biochemical markers of 2541 participants from an Institute of Scientific Research in Beijing, were assessed according to standard methods and FLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. Chi-square test was used to compare the results between participants with and without FLD. Results: The prevalence of FLD, based on abdominal ultrasonography examination, was 43.5% (1105/2541) in this population. The overall prevalence increased with age, and it was substantially higher in males (50.0% vs females: 34.6%, P < 0.001). The gender and age distributions were significantly different between the two groups (χ2=59.8 for gender and t= -15.2 for age or χ2=205.6 for age group, P < 0.05). Chi-square test results revealed statistically significant differences in the BMI, prehypertension, hypertension, prediabetes, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, mixed type hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and the rise of GGT, ALT, AST, total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin between populations with and without FLD (P < 0.05). The risk of disease and biochemical markers contributing to the development of FLD was assessed by calculating the odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI), and the results are ordered as follows: overweight and obesity [6.85 (5.54-8.48)], diabetes [6.00 (3.66-9.82)], prediabetes [5.06 (3.10-8.26)], ALT rise [4.67 (3.58-6.10)], GGT rise [4.01 (3.03-5.30)]. Multiple factors analysis was conducted to further compare those identified risk factors of FLD, which showed statistically significant differences in age, overweight and obesity, prediabetes, diabetes, mixed type hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia and ALT rise by Logistic regression analysis (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Chronic disease, especially FLD, can be easily ignored during health assessment, although it is as important health risk factor as overweight and obesity, hypertension and diabetes. Physical examination is a practical approach to detect FLD in the process of control and prevention.