bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
pH and excipient profiles during formulation of highly concentrated biotherapeutics using bufferless media
Authors: Jabra Mario G. , Tao Yinying , Moomaw John F. , Yu Zhao , Hotovec Brian J. , Geng Steven B. , Zydney Andrew L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSeveral models have been developed to describe the shifts in pH and excipient concentrations seen during diafiltration of monoclonal antibody (mAb) products accounting for both Donnan equilibrium and electroneutrality constraints. However, these models have assumed that the mAb charge is either constant or only a function of pH, assumptions that will not be valid when formulating highly concentrated mAbs using bufferless or low‐buffered media due to the change in local H+ concentration at the protein surface. The objective of this study was to incorporate the effects of both pH and ionic strength on the mAb charge, through the use of a charge regulation model based on the amino acid sequence of the mAb, into an appropriate mass balance model to describe the pH and excipient profiles during diafiltration. The model involves no adjustable parameters, with the protein charge evaluated directly from the protonation/deprotonation of the ionizable amino acids accounting for the electrostatic interactions between the charged mAb and the H+ ions. Model predictions are in excellent agreement with experimental data for the pH and ion concentrations during diafiltration of a mAb and fusion protein with different isoelectric points and different formulation conditions. Model simulations are then used to obtain fundamental insights into the factors controlling the diafiltration behavior as well as guidelines for development of diafiltration processes to achieve target bufferless formulation conditions.
Changes in characteristics and management among patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction due to COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Popovic Batric , Varlot Jeanne , Metzdorf Pierre Adrien , Jeulin Hélène , Goehringer François , Camenzind Edoardo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess changes in characteristics and management among ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention.MethodsOur prospective, monocentric study enrolled all STEMI patients who underwent PPCI during the COVID‐19 outbreak (n = 83). This cohort was first compared with a previous cohort of STEMI patients (2008–2017, n = 1,552 patients) and was then dichotomized into a non‐COVID‐19 group (n = 72) and COVID‐19 group (n = 11).ResultsIn comparison with the pre‐outbreak period, patients during the outbreak period were older (59.6 ± 12.9 vs. 62.6 ± 12.2, p = .03) with a delayed seek to care (mean delay first symptoms‐balloon 3.8 ± 3 vs. .7.4 ± 7.7, p < .001) resulting in a two‐fold higher in‐hospital mortality (non COVID‐19 4.3% vs. COVID‐19 8.4%, p = .07). Among the 83 STEMI patients admitted during the outbreak period, 11 patients were infected by COVID‐19. Higher biological markers of inflammation (C‐reactive protein: 28 ± 39 vs. 98 ± 97 mg/L, p = .04), of fibrinolysis (D‐dimer: 804 ± 1,500 vs. 3,128 ± 2,458 μg/L, p = .02), and antiphospholipid antibodies in four cases were observed in the COVID‐19 group. In this group, angiographic data also differed: a thrombotic myocardial infarction nonatherosclerotic coronary occlusion (MINOCA) was observed in 11 cases (1.4% vs. 54.5%, p < .001) and associated with higher post‐procedure distal embolization (30.6% vs. 72.7%, p = .007). The in hospital mortality was significantly higher in the COVID‐19 group (5.6% vs. 27.3%, p = .016).ConclusionThe COVID‐19 outbreak implies deep changes in the etiopathogenesis and therapeutic management of STEMI patients with COVID‐19. The impact on early and long‐term outcomes of systemic inflammation and hypercoagulability in this specific population is warranted.
Resolution of an unexpected ABO typing discrepancy in a 9‐month‐old patient with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Hermelin Daniela , Zhang Danmei , Blackall Douglas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the post–hematopoietic transplant period, the components of the ABO blood type (antigen testing of erythrocytes and plasma antibody testing) can provide important insights into a patient's immunologic status.
Hydrodebromination of Aromatic Bromides Catalyzed by Unsupported Nanoporous Gold: Heterolytic Cleavage of Hydrogen Molecule
Authors: Zhao Yuhui , Feng Xiujuan , Zhang Sheng , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Bao Ming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnsupported nanoporous gold (AuNPore) is a highly efficient, practically applicable, and recyclable catalyst for hydrodebromination of aromatic bromides. The AuNPore‐catalyzed hydrodebromination of aromatic bromides proceeded smoothly at relatively low hydrogen pressure and temperature to achieve good to excellent yields of the corresponding non‐bromine variants. The selective hydrodebromination reaction occurred exclusively in the coexistence of chlorine atom. For the first time, a mechanistic study revealed that the H−H bond splits in a heterolysis manner on the surface of AuNPore to generate Au−H hydride species.
Copper‐Catalyzed C−H Difluoroalkylation of Coumarins with Fluoroalkyl Bromides
Authors: Rao Min , Wei Zhenwei , Yuan Yaofeng , Cheng Jiajia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn efficient method for the copper‐catalyzed selective C−H difluoroalkylation of coumarins and with low cost and readily available ethyl bromodifluoroacetate and N‐phenyl bromodifluoroacetamide has been reported. This reaction exhibits good functional group tolerance with respect to coumarins and difluoroalkylation reagents, and several redox‐sensitive substrates have been successfully C−H difluoroalkylated in good to high yield. This design could further expand the scope to other heteroarenes, including furan, benzofuran, pyrrole, pyridinone, chromenone, indole, and quinolinone. A mechanism involving copper‐catalyzed in‐situ generation of fluoroalkyl radical is proposed.
Modulating Magnetic and Photoluminescence Properties in 2‐Aminonicotinate‐Based Bifunctional Coordination Polymers by Merging 3d Metal Ions
Authors: Pajuelo‐Corral Oier , Zabala‐Lekuona Andoni , San Sebastian Eider , Rodríguez‐Diéguez Antonio , García Jose Angel , Lezama Luis , Colacio Enrique , Seco Jose M. , Cepeda Javier 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHerein, the synthesis and study of bifunctional coordination polymers (CPs) with both magnetic and photoluminescence properties, derived from a heterometallic environment, are reported. As a starting point, three isostructural monometallic CPs with the formula [M(μ‐2ani)2]n (MII=Mn (1Mn), Co (3Co) and Ni (4Ni); 2ani=2‐aminonicotinate), crystallise as chiral 2D‐layered structures stacked by means of supramolecular interactions. These compounds show high thermal stability in the solid state (above 350 °C), despite which, in aqueous solution, compound 1Mn is shown to partially transform into a novel 1D chain CP with the formula [Mn(2ani)2(μ‐H2O)2]n (2Mn). A study of the direct current (dc) magnetic properties of 1Mn, 3Co and 4Ni reveals a spin‐canted structure derived from antisymmetric antiferromagnetic weak exchanges along the chiral network (as confirmed by DFT calculations) and magnetic anisotropy of the ions, in such a way that long‐range ordering is observed with variable magnitude for the spin carriers. Moreover, compounds 3Co and 4Ni show no frequency‐dependent alternating current (ac) susceptibility curves under zero dc field; this is characteristic behaviour of a glassy state that may be partially supressed for 3Co by applying an external dc field. To overcome long‐range magnetic ordering, CoII ions are diluted in a diamagnetic ZnII‐based matrix, which enables single‐molecule magnet behaviour. Interestingly, this strategy allows a bifunctional CoxZn1−x2ani material, which is imbued with a strong photoluminescent emitting capacity, as characterised by an intense blue light followed by a green afterglow, to be obtained.
The Valence Orbitals of the Alkaline‐Earth Atoms
Authors: Fernández Israel , Holzmann Nicole , Frenking Gernot 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQuantum chemical calculations of the alkaline‐earth oxides, imides and dihydrides of the alkaline‐earth atoms (Ae=Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) and the calcium cluster Ca6H9[N(SiMe3)2]3(pmdta)3(pmdta=N,N,N′,N′′,N′′‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine) have been carried out by using density functional theory. Analysis of the electronic structures by charge and energy partitioning methods suggests that the valence orbitals of the lighter atoms Be and Mg are the (n)s and (n)p orbitals. In contrast, the valence orbitals of the heavier atoms Ca, Sr and Ba comprise the (n)s and (n−1)d orbitals. The alkaline‐earth metals Be and Mg build covalent bonds like typical main‐group elements, whereas Ca, Sr and Ba covalently bind like transition metals. The results not only shed new light on the covalent bonds of the heavier alkaline‐earth metals, but are also very important for understanding and designing experimental studies.
Kohlenstoffkreislauf und Klimawandel
Authors: Wöhrle Dieter 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungZunächst werden im Abschnitt Kohlenstoffzyclus die Mengen an Kohlenstoff in und insbesondere beim Kohlenstoffdioxid die Wechselwirkungen zwischen verschiedenen Erdsphären dargelegt. Dabei wird besonders auf die Quellen und Senken für CO2 in der Atmosphäre hingewiesen. Darauf aufbauend wird aufgezeigt, dass der natürliche Treibhauseffekt geprägt durch die solare Einstrahlung und die infrarotaktiven Treibhausgase wie CO2, CH4 und N2O über einen längeren Zeitraum durch ein thermisch‐radiatives Gleichgewicht die Temperatur und damit das Klima bestimmt hat, was Voraussetzung für das Leben auf der Erde ist. Die in den letzten Jahrzehnten stattfindende drastische Zunahme etwa der oberflächennahen Temperaturen und der Anstieg des Meeresspiegels wird durch zunehmende anthropogene Emissionen der Treibhausgase hervorgerufen. Der dramatische Anstieg der CO2‐Konzetration hat eindeutig seine Ursache in der Nutzung fossiler Rohstoffe. Die Senken nehmen nur einen Teil vom anthropogen erzeugten CO2 aus der Atmosphäre auf. Ein kurzer Hinweis zu Verfahren nachhaltiger Technologien wird am Ende gegeben.
Using a structured decision analysis to evaluate bald eagle vital signs monitoring in Southwest Alaska National Parks
Authors: Kolstrom Rebecca , Wilson Tammy L. , Gigliotti Larry M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Monitoring programs can benefit from an adaptive monitoring approach, where key decisions about why, where, what, and how to monitor are revisited periodically in order to ensure programmatic relevancy.

The National Park Service (NPS) monitors status and trends of vital signs to evaluate compliance with the NPS mission. Although abundant, The Southwest Alaska Network (SWAN) monitors bald eagles because of their inherent importance to park visitors and role as an important ecological indicator. Our goal is to identify an optimal monitoring program that may be standardized among participating parks.

We gathered an expert panel of scientists and managers, and implemented a Delphi Process to gather information about the bald eagle monitoring program. Panelists generated a list of means objectives for the monitoring program: minimizing cost, minimizing effort, maximizing the ability to detect change in bald eagle populations, and maximizing the amount of accurate information collected about bald eagles.

We used a swing‐weighting technique to assign importance to each objective. Collecting accurate information about bald eagles was considered the most important means objective.

Combining panelist‐generated information with objective importance, we analyzed the scenarios and defined the optimal decision using linear value modeling. Through our analysis, we found that a “Comprehensive” monitoring scenario, comprised of all feasible monitoring metrics, is the optimal monitoring scenario. Even with greatly increased cost, the Comprehensive monitoring scenario remains the best solution.

We suggest further exploration of the cost and effort required for the Comprehensive scenario, to determine whether it is in the parks’ best interest to begin monitoring additional metrics.
Effects of an anthropogenic diet on indicators of physiological challenge and immunity of white ibis nestlings raised in captivity
Authors: Cummings Caroline R. , Hernandez Sonia M. , Murray Maureen , Ellison Taylor , Adams Henry C. , Cooper Robert E. , Curry Shannon , Navara Kristen J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhen wildlife forage and/or live in urban habitats, they often experience a shift in resource availability and dietary quality. Some species even use human handouts, such as bread, as well as human refuse, as a large part of their new diets; yet the influences of this nutritional shift on health and survival remain unclear. American white ibises are increasingly being seen in urban areas in Florida; they collect handouts, such as bread and other food items, from humans in parks, and are also found foraging on anthropogenic sources in trash heaps. We hypothesized that the consumption of these new anthropogenic food sources may trigger increases in indicators of physiological challenge and dampen immune responses. We tested this experimentally by raising 20 white ibis nestlings in captivity, and exposing 10 to a simulated anthropogenic diet (including the addition of white bread and a reduction in seafood content) while maintaining 10 on a diet similar to what ibises consume in more natural environments. We then tested two indicators of physiological challenge (corticosterone and heat shock protein 70), assessed innate immunity in these birds via bactericidal assays and an in vitro carbon clearance assay, and adaptive immunity using a phytohemagglutinin skin test. The anthropogenic diet depressed the development of the ability to kill Salmonella paratyphi in culture. Our results suggest that consuming an anthropogenic diet may be detrimental in terms of the ability to battle a pathogenic bacterial species, but there was little effect on indicators of physiological challenge and other immunological measures.
Genotype–phenotype correlation of LMNA variants involving the Arg541 residue: a case report with multimodality imaging and literature review
Authors: Di Marco Andrea , Ruiz‐Cueto María , Salazar‐Mendiguchía Joel , Claver Eduard , Roura Gerard , Dallaglio Paolo Domenico , Anguera Ignasi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present a case of atypical LMNA cardiomyopathy associated with the pathogenic variant p.Arg541Ser. The patient had early‐onset severe ventricular arrhythmias but atrioventricular conduction was normal. Segmental motion abnormalities and a large transmural scar, mainly apical and lateral, were found at cardiac magnetic resonance, corresponding to areas of severe wall thinning at computed tomography and of low voltages at electroanatomic mapping. Ventricular tachycardia ablation was successful in controlling ventricular arrhythmias. Few other cases described patients with pathogenic variants in the Arg541 residue, and they displayed similar atypical features, suggesting a genotype–phenotype correlation which may have specific prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Case series: LMNA‐related dilated cardiomyopathy presents with reginal wall akinesis and transmural late gadolinium enhancement
Authors: Wang Shuai , Peng Daoquan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPatients with LMNA mutation‐related heart disease are characterized by conduction abnormalities, ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and high risk of sudden cardiac death with mildly impaired systolic function, often without chamber dilation. Here, we presented three unrelated cases with LMNA mutation exhibited unusual cardiac phenotype of marked LV dilation, significant reduced ejection fraction with reginal wall akinesis, and transmural enhancement with a predilection of lateral wall on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). These three patients were found to have confirmed pathological LMNA mutations (c.1621C > T, p.R541C and c.1621G > A, p.R541H) at the same location (p.R541) in the tail region of lamin A/C.
Evaluation of left ventricular function in patients with acute ischaemic stroke using cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Hellwig Simon , Grittner Ulrike , Elgeti Matthias , Wyschkon Sebastian , Nagel Sebastian N. , Fiebach Jochen B. , Krause Thomas , Herm Juliane , Scheitz Jan F. , Endres Matthias , Nolte Christian H. , Haeusler Karl Georg , Elgeti Thomas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) is frequent in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) and associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Assessment of cardiac function in AIS patients using cardiovascular MRI (CMR) may help to detect HF. We report the rate of systolic and diastolic dysfunction in a cohort of patients with AIS using CMR and compare cine real‐time (CRT) sequences with the reference of segmented cine steady‐state free precession sequences.Methods and resultsPatients with AIS without known atrial fibrillation were prospectively enrolled in the HEart and BRain Interfaces in Acute Ischemic Stroke (HEBRAS) study (NCT 02142413) and underwent CMR at 3 Tesla within 7 days after AIS. Validity of CRT sequences was determined in 50 patients. A total of 229 patients were included in the analysis (mean age 66 years; 35% women; HF 2%). Evaluation of cardiac function was successful in 172 (75%) patients. Median time from stroke onset to CMR was 82 h (interquartile range 56–111) and 54 h (interquartile range 31–78) from cerebral MRI to CMR. Systolic dysfunction was observed in 43 (25%) and diastolic dysfunction in 102 (59%) patients. Diagnostic yield was similar using CRT or segmented cine imaging (no significant difference in left ventricular ejection fraction, myocardial mass, time to peak filling rate, and peak filling rate ratio E/A). Intraobserver and interobserver agreement was high (κ = 0.78–1.0 for all modalities).ConclusionsCardiovascular MRI at 3 Tesla is an appropriate method for the evaluation of cardiac function in a selected cohort of patients with AIS. Systolic and diastolic dysfunction is frequent in these patients. CRT imaging allows reliable assessment of systolic and diastolic function.
Novel rate control strategy with landiolol in patients with cardiac dysfunction and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Imamura Teruhiko , Kinugawa Koichiro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhile patients with acute heart failure often have tachycardia with atrial fibrillation, there have been no established medical tools that control tachycardia safely and definitely. Digoxin has been recommended as a first choice in the former guidelines, but it takes time to affect and has a risk of adverse events particularly for those with chronic kidney disease. Landiolol is a recently innovated ultra‐short‐acting beta‐blocker with 251‐fold β1/β2 selectivity, which was originally indicated only to control peri‐operative supra‐ventricular tachyarrhythmia by 2013 in Japan. We aimed to review how to use landiolol in patients with cardiac dysfunction and tachycardia due to atrial fibrillation. We reviewed recently conducted randomized control trials using landiolol, recently updated guidelines, as well as current practical use of landiolol. Japan landiolol vs. Digoxin (J‐Land) study demonstrated that landiolol was more effective to control tachycardia than digoxin in atrial fibrillation patients with left ventricular dysfunction in 2013. Given the result, the revised Japanese heart failure guideline recommends landiolol for rate control during atrial fibrillation in acute heart failure patients as Class IIa with evidence level B. Currently in Japan, landiolol is used for rate control, even in patients with advanced heart failure receiving continuous infusion of inotropes. The clinical use of landiolol in patients with cardiac dysfunction and tachycardia due to atrial fibrillation is increasing. Further studies are warranted to investigate the implication of faster and safer rate control using landiolol.
Comparative study for the production of monoclonal antibodies in single‐use vs stainless steel bioreactors based on product quality and stress factor
Authors: Beck Christian , Werz Silke , Herrmann Alexander , Meiringer Christoph T. A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSingle‐use bioreactors (SUB) and stainless steel bioreactors (SSB) differ in their physical properties. This can have an effect on the performed processes. To be able to guarantee flexible planning in a facility, any kind of processes in SUB and SSB must be sufficiently similar. To date, assessments of SUB and SSB have been exclusively specific for one single product. This study shows a general nonproduct‐specific comparison of the production of different types of monoclonal antibodies in different scales of SUBs and SSBs. The study is set up with 72 clinical manufacturing fermentation runs in total by comparing the cell culture performance and quality attributes of these two bioreactor systems. The outcome is that SUBs and SSBs can produce monoclonal antibodies with comparable cell culture performance and product quality. This general comparability paves the way for SUBs to produce new and existing products for (clinical) manufacturing.
A review of industrial wireless communications, challenges, and solutions: A cognitive radio approach
Authors: Oyewobi Stephen S. , Djouani Karim , Kurien Anish Matthew 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntegral and crucial to performance of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and specifically industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN) is stable, robust, reliable, and ubiquitous communications system. Though, wired communications system is suitable for industrial communications and is resilient to shadowing and multipath fading effects of industrial‐WSN environments, yet its wireless counterpart is a much preferred industrial communications technology due to reduced cost and high flexibility which it offers in comparison to wired communications. However, overcrowding of the industrial, scientific, and medical band, where IWSN is deployed together with other heterogeneous technologies, as well as resultant scarcity of usable frequency spectrum has restrained exclusive application of wireless technology for industrial communications. Nonetheless, cognitive radio (CR) has ability to increase spectrum utilization efficiency and channel capacity for industrial wireless communications (IWC) through opportunistic/dynamic spectrum access (DSA) technique. In this review article, we examine how DSA can benefit IWC through exploitation of new perspectives of white space definitions in the licensed bands as well as unlicensed bands. While discussing the potential of DSA for IWC, we have considered the unique characteristics of IWC as well as technical challenges and issues imposed by industrial‐WSN. Accordingly, we have suggested and proffered appropriate CR‐based solutions in mitigating some of the challenges where necessary.
Effects of microwave time on quality of grass carp fillets processed through microwave combined with hot‐air drying
Authors: Qin Jiaying , Wang Zhihe , Wang Xichang , Shi Wenzheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, the quality changes of grass carp fillets dried by microwave‐hot‐air combined drying under different microwave time were investigated. The salted fillets were dried at 385 W microwave with different time (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min), followed by 65℃ hot air to the end. The quality of fillets was evaluated by drying time, color, hardness, rehydration ratio, and taste characteristics (ATP‐related compounds, free amino acids, E‐tongue taste profile, EUC, and TAV). Results showed that grass carp fillets dried by microwave‐hot‐air combined drying had better qualities compared with single hot‐air drying. Besides, microwave time had obvious effects on the quality changes of grass carp fillets, and 6 min was considered as the optimal drying time.