bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TEG PlateletMapping assay results may be misleading in the presence of cold stored platelets
Authors: Scorer Thomas G. , FitzGibbon Lucy , Aungraheeta Riyaad , Sharma Umang , Peltier Grantham C. , McIntosh Colby S. , Reddoch‐Cardenas Kristin M. , Meyer Andrew , Cap Andrew P. , Mumford Andrew D. 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUNDViscoelastic tests (VETs) are used widely to monitor hemostasis in settings such as cardiac surgery. There has also been renewed interest in cold stored platelets (CSPs) to manage bleeding in this setting. CSPs are reported to have altered hemostatic properties compared to room temperature platelets (RTPs), including activation of GPIIb/IIIa. We investigated whether the functional differences between CSP and RTP affected the performance of the PlateletMapping VET on the TEG 5000 and 6s analyzer.METHODPlatelet concentrates were divided equally into CSP (stored at 4°C ± 2°C) and RTP (stored at 22°C ± 2°C) fractions. Whole blood was treated to induce platelet dysfunction (WBIPD) by incubating with anti‐platelet drugs (1.0 μM ticagrelor and 10 μM aspirin) or by simulating cardiopulmonary bypass. WBIPD samples were then mixed with 20% by volume of CSPs or RTPs to model platelet transfusion before analysis using the PlateletMapping VET.RESULTSAddition of CSPs to WBIPD increased the PlateletMapping MAFIBRIN and MAADP parameters with the TEG 5000 analyzer (both p < 0.0001 compared to addition of buffer alone). This effect was not observed with RTPs. The differential effect of CSPs on the MAFIBRIN corrected after pre‐incubation with the GPIIb/IIIa antagonist tirofiban and was quantitatively less with the PlateletMapping test for the TEG 6s analyzer which contains the GPIIb/IIa antagonist abciximab.DISCUSSIONThe PlateletMapping MAFIBRIN and MAADP test results may be misleadingly high with CSPs, particularly with the TEG 5000 analyzer, most likely due to constitutive activation of GPIIb/IIIa on CSPs during storage. TEG PlateletMapping results should be interpreted with caution following CSP transfusion.
Electrical Grid Resilience
Authors: Gibson Tom 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
For decades, reliability has been the watchword for electric utilities, but now there’s a focus on a related concept: Resilience. It has gained notice as planners began thinking about increased natural disasters brought on by climate change, man-made interference due to malicious cyberattacks, and the instability brought about by adding large quantities of renewable energy. Resilience has become a legitimate field of study involving industry, academia, and government labs, complete with experts in the field. This article delves deeper into the need to achieve electrical grid resiliency as intensity of natural disaster amplifies.
Seismic velocity precursors to the 2016 Mw 6.5 Norcia (Italy) earthquake
Authors: Chiarabba C. , De Gori P. , Segou M. , Cattaneo M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEarthquakes occur as the result of long-term strain accumulation on active faults and complex transient triggering mechanisms. Although laboratory experiments show accelerating deformation patterns before failure conditions are met, imaging similar preparatory phases in nature remains difficult because it requires dense monitoring in advance. The 2016 Amatrice-Visso-Norcia (central Italy) earthquake cascade, captured by an unprecedented seismic network, provided a unique testing ground to image the preparatory phase of a large event. The crustal volume of the Norcia incipient fault was densely illuminated by seismic rays from more than 13,000 earthquakes that occurred within the 3 mo before the main shock nucleation. We performed seismic tomography in distinct time windows that revealed the precursory changes of elastic wave speed, signaling (1) the final locked state of the fault, and (2) the rapid fault-stiffness alterations near the hypocenter just a few weeks before the event. The results are the first instance where short-lived, hard-to-catch crustal properties shed light on evolving earthquake cascades.
Prevalence, incidence and mortality of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Denmark 1996–2016
Authors: Carstensen Bendix , Rønn Pernille Falberg , Jørgensen Marit Eika 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionThe objective of this study was to give an overview of prevalence, incidence and mortality of type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Denmark, and their temporal trends.Research design and methodsWe constructed a diabetes register from existing population-based healthcare registers, including a classification of patients as T1D or T2D, with coverage from 1996 to 2016. Using complete population records for Denmark, we derived prevalence, incidence, mortality and standardized mortality ratio (SMR).ResultsThe overall prevalence of diabetes at 2016 was 0.5% for T1D and 4.4% for T2D, with annual increases since 1996 of 0.5% for T1D and 5.5% for T2D. Incidence rates of T1D decreased by 3.5% per year, with increase for persons under 25 years of age and a decrease for older persons. T2D incidence increased 2.5% per year until 2011, decreased until 2014 and increased after that, similar in all ages. The annual decrease in mortality was 0.3% for T1D and 2.9% for T2D. The mortality rate ratio between T1D and T2D was 1.9 for men and 1.6 for women. SMR decreased annually 2% for T1D and 0.5% for T2D.ConclusionsIncidence and prevalence of diabetes is increasing, but mortality among patients with diabetes in Denmark is decreasing faster than the mortality among persons without diabetes. T1D carries a 70% higher mortality than T2D.
Correlation between markers of renal function and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: a longitudinal study in an Indian clinic population
Authors: Rajalakshmi Ramachandran , Shanthi Rani Coimbatore Subramanian , Venkatesan Ulagamathesan , Unnikrishnan Ranjit , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Jeba Rani Saravanan , UmaSankari Ganesan , Sivaprasad Sobha , Raman Rajiv , Mohan Viswanathan 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionPrevious epidemiological studies have reported on the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) from India. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of DKD on the development of new-onset DR and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) in Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Research design and methodsThe study was done on anonymized electronic medical record data of people with T2D who had undergone screening for DR and renal work-up as part of routine follow-up at a tertiary care diabetes center in Chennai, South India. The baseline data retrieved included clinical and biochemical parameters including renal profiles (serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria). Grading of DR was performed using the modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grading system. STDR was defined as the presence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and/or diabetic macular edema. DKD was defined by the presence of albuminuria (≥30 µg/mg) and/or reduction in eGFR (<60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) for DR and STDR.ResultsData of 19 909 individuals with T2D (mean age 59.6±10.2 years, mean duration of diabetes 11.1±12.1 years, 66.1% male) were analyzed. At baseline, DR was present in 7818 individuals (39.3%), of whom 2249 (11.3%) had STDR. During the mean follow-up period of 3.9±1.9 years, 2140 (17.7%) developed new-onset DR and 980 individuals with non-proliferative DR (NPDR) at baseline progressed to STDR. Higher serum creatinine (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.7; p<0.0001), eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2(HR 4.9, 95% CI 2.9 to 8.2; p<0.0001) and presence of macroalbuminuria >300 µg/mg (HR 3.0, 95% CI 2.4 to 3.8; p<0.0001) at baseline were associated with increased risk of progression to STDR.ConclusionsDKD at baseline is a risk factor for progression to STDR. Physicians should promptly refer their patients with DKD to ophthalmologists for timely detection and management of STDR.
Colon and rectal cancer survival in seven high-income countries 2010–2014: variation by age and stage at diagnosis (the ICBP SURVMARK-2 project)
Authors: Araghi Marzieh , Arnold Melina , Rutherford Mark J , Guren Marianne Grønlie , Cabasag Citadel J , Bardot Aude , Ferlay Jacques , Tervonen Hanna , Shack Lorraine , Woods Ryan R , Saint-Jacques Nathalie , De Prithwish , McClure Carol , Engholm Gerda , Gavin Anna T , Morgan Eileen , Walsh Paul M , Jackson Christopher , Porter Geoff , Møller Bjorn , Bucher Oliver , Eden Michael , O’Connell Dianne L , Bray Freddie , Soerjomataram Isabelle 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesAs part of the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership (ICBP) SURVMARK-2 project, we provide the most recent estimates of colon and rectal cancer survival in seven high-income countries by age and stage at diagnosis.MethodsData from 386 870 patients diagnosed during 2010–2014 from 19 cancer registries in seven countries (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway and the UK) were analysed. 1-year and 5-year net survival from colon and rectal cancer were estimated by stage at diagnosis, age and country,Results(One1-year) and 5-year net survival varied between (77.1% and 87.5%) 59.1% and 70.9% and (84.8% and 90.0%) 61.6% and 70.9% for colon and rectal cancer, respectively. Survival was consistently higher in Australia, Canada and Norway, with smaller proportions of patients with metastatic disease in Canada and Australia. International differences in (1-year) and 5-year survival were most pronounced for regional and distant colon cancer ranging between (86.0% and 94.1%) 62.5% and 77.5% and (40.7% and 56.4%) 8.0% and 17.3%, respectively. Similar patterns were observed for rectal cancer. Stage distribution of colon and rectal cancers by age varied across countries with marked survival differences for patients with metastatic disease and diagnosed at older ages (irrespective of stage).ConclusionsSurvival disparities for colon and rectal cancer across high-income countries are likely explained by earlier diagnosis in some countries and differences in treatment for regional and distant disease, as well as older age at diagnosis. Differences in cancer registration practice and different staging systems across countries may have impacted the comparisons.
Genotype-phenotype correlations for pancreatic cancer risk in Dutch melanoma families with pathogenic CDKN2A variants
Authors: Overbeek Kasper A , Rodríguez-Girondo Mar DM , Wagner Anja , van der Stoep Nienke , van den Akker Peter C , Oosterwijk Jan C , van Os Theo A , van der Kolk Lizet E , Vasen Hans F A , Hes Frederik J , Cahen Djuna L , Bruno Marco J , Potjer Thomas P 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundPathogenic variants in the CDKN2A gene are generally associated with the development of melanoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but specific genotype-phenotype correlations might exist and the extent of PDAC risk is not well established for many variants.MethodsUsing the Dutch national familial melanoma database, we identified all families with a pathogenic CDKN2A variant and investigated the occurrence of PDAC within these families. We also estimated the standardised incidence ratio and lifetime PDAC risk for carriers of a highly prevalent variant in these families.ResultsWe identified 172 families in which 649 individuals carried 15 different pathogenic variants. The most prevalent variant was the founder mutation c.225_243del (p16-Leiden, 484 proven carriers). Second most prevalent was c.67G>C (55 proven carriers). PDAC developed in 95 of 163 families (58%, including 373 of 629 proven carriers) harbouring a variant with an effect on the p16INK4a protein, whereas PDAC did not occur in the 9 families (20 proven carriers) with a variant affecting only p14ARF. In the c.67G>C families, PDAC occurred in 12 of the 251 (5%) persons at risk. The standardised incidence ratio was 19.1 (95% CI 8.3 to 33.6) and the cumulative PDAC incidence at age 75 years (lifetime risk) was 19% (95% CI 7.5% to 30.1%).ConclusionsOur results support the notion that pathogenic CDKN2A variants affecting the p16INK4a protein, including c.67G>C, are associated with increased PDAC risk and carriers of such variants should be offered pancreatic cancer surveillance. There is no clinical evidence that impairment of only the p14ARF protein leads to an increased PDAC risk.
Anisotropic 2+1 dimensional black holes by gravitational decoupling
Authors: Rincón Ángel , Contreras Ernesto , Tello-Ortiz Francisco , Bargueño Pedro , Abellán Gabriel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the present paper, we analyze the well-known 2+1 dimensional black holes (assuming a non-vanishing cosmological constant) in light of the gravitational decoupling by the minimal geometric deformation approach. To illustrate our results, we consider the BTZ geometry as the seed solution to generate new anisotropic ones. To complement the study, the curvature scalars and the energy conditions are analyzed.
Longitudinal Changes in Cardiac Structure and Function in Severe Obesity: 11‐Year Follow‐Up in the Utah Obesity Study
Authors: Litwin Sheldon E. , Adams Ted D. , Davidson Lance E. , McKinlay Rodrick , Simper Steven C. , Ranson Lauren , Hunt Steven C. 
Published: June 2020

Background
Progressive cardiac remodeling and worsening myocardial function over time have been proposed as potential mediators of heart failure in obesity.

Methods and Results

We serially assessed cardiac structure and function in 254 subjects participating in a longitudinal study of obesity. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic features were determined at baseline and 2‐, 6‐, and 11‐year follow‐up. We measured body mass index (
BMI
) exposure as the area under the curve of the
BMI
at each of the 4 visits. At enrollment, mean age of the subjects was 47 years, 79% were women, mean
BMI
was 44 kg/m
2
, 26% had diabetes mellitus, 48% had hypertension, and 53% had hyperlipidemia. Between baseline and 11 years,
BMI
increased by 1.1 and 0.3 kg/m
2
in men and women, respectively. There were modest increases in left ventricular (
LV
) end‐diastolic volume,
LV
mass, and left atrial volume, and significant decreases in early/late mitral diastolic flow velocity ratio and E wave deceleration time. However, there were no significant changes in
LV
ejection fraction or ratio of early mitral diastolic flow velocity/early mitral annular velocity, whereas right ventricular fractional area change increased. Significant predictors of the change in
LV
mass were male sex, baseline
BMI
,
BMI
area under the curve, and change in
LV
stroke volume, but not smoking, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions

In long‐standing, persistent severe obesity, there was evidence of cardiac remodeling over a period of 11 years, but no clear worsening of systolic or diastolic function. Measures of remodeling were most strongly related to
BMI
. The observed changes might predispose to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, but are not classic for an evolving dilated cardiomyopathy.
Incidence of Hypertension Among US Hispanics/Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, 2008 to 2017
Authors: Elfassy Tali , Zeki Al Hazzouri Adina , Cai Jianwen , Baldoni Pedro L. , Llabre Maria M. , Rundek Tatjana , Raij Leopoldo , Lash James P. , Talavera Gregory A. , Wassertheil‐Smoller Sylvia , Daviglus Martha , Booth John N. , Castaneda Sheila F. , Garcia Melawhy , Schneiderman Neil 
Published: June 2020

Background

Among
US
Hispanics/Latinos, the largest ethnic minority population in the United States, hypertension incidence has not been thoroughly reported. The goal of this study was to describe the incidence of hypertension among
US
Hispanic/Latino men and women of diverse Hispanic/Latino background.

Methods and Results

We studied 6171 participants of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a diverse group of self‐identified Hispanics/Latinos from 4
US
urban communities, aged 18 to 74 years, and free from hypertension in 2008 to 2011 and re‐examined in 2014 to 2017. Hypertension was defined as self‐reported use of anti‐hypertension medication, or measured systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg, or diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mm Hg. Results were weighted given the complex survey design to reflect the target population. Among men, the 6‐year age‐adjusted probability of developing hypertension was 21.7% (95%
CI
, 19.5–24.1) and differed by Hispanic/Latino background. Specifically, the probability was significantly higher among men of Cuban (27.1%; 95%
CI
, 20.2–35.2) and Dominican (28.1%; 95%
CI
, 19.5–38.8) backgrounds compared with Mexican Americans (17.6%; 95%
CI
: 14.5–21.2). Among women, the 6‐year age‐adjusted probability of developing hypertension was 19.7% (95%
CI
, 18.1–21.5) and also differed by Hispanic/Latino background. Specifically, the probability was significantly higher among women of Cuban (22.6%; 95%
CI
, 18.3–27.5), Dominican (23.3%; 95%
CI
, 18.0–29.5), and Puerto Rican (28.2%; 95%
CI
, 22.7–34.4) backgrounds compared with Mexican Americans (16.0%; 95%
CI
, 13.9–18.4).

Conclusions
Hypertension incidence varies by Hispanic/Latino background, with highest incidence among those of Caribbean background.
Cumulative Exposure to Long Working Hours and Occurrence of Ischemic Heart Disease: Evidence From the CONSTANCES Cohort at Inception
Authors: Fadel Marc , Li Jian , Sembajwe Grace , Gagliardi Diana , Pico Fernando , Ozguler Anna , Evanoff Bradley A. , Baer Michel , Tsutsumi Akizumi , Iavicoli Sergio , Leclerc Annette , Roquelaure Yves , Siegrist Johannes , Descatha Alexis 
Published: June 2020

Background

Long‐working hours (
LWH
) are a probable risk factor for ischemic heart diseases (
IHD
); however, no previous study has considered duration of exposure to
LWH
when addressing this topic. We aimed to determine the association between cumulative exposure to
LWH
and
IHD
while accounting for relevant confounders.

Methods and Results

In this retrospective study, we included all baseline participants from the French population‐based cohort
CONSTANCES
. Part‐time employees and those who reported a cardiac event in the 5 years before
LWH
exposure were excluded. From self‐administered questionnaires and clinical examinations, we obtained participants’ age, sex, body mass index, occupational status, smoking habits, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, familial history of cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, exposure to
LWH
, and its duration. We defined
LWH
as working for >10 hours daily for at least 50 days per year. The main outcome was reported history of
IHD
, ie, myocardial infarction or angina pectoris, during a clinical examination. Of 137 854 included participants, 69 774 were men. There were 1875 cases (1.36%) of
IHD
, and exposure to
LWH
was reported by 42 462 subjects (30.8%) among whom 14 474 (10.50%) reported exposure for at least 10 years. Overall, exposure to
LWH
for ≥10 years was associated with an increased risk of
IHD
, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.24 (1.08–1.43),
P
=0.0021. In stratified analyses, this effect was not observed in women, but was significant amongst men, aOR 1.28 (1.11–1.48),
P
=0.0008.

Conclusions

This large population‐based study supports an association between cumulative exposure to
LWH
and
IHD
in men. Future research should consider relevant strategies for reducing
LWH
exposure and duration.
Legal Mutilation and Moral Exclusion: Disputations on Integrity and Deformity in Early China
Authors: Galvany Albert , Graziani Romain 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article examines attitudes evidenced in pre-imperial and Han sources (ritual compendia, historical chronicles, legal codes, administrative texts, and philosophical literature) towards visually repulsive individuals, in particular those who have undergone a penal mutilation. We start from the perception of bodily harm in the light of legal and ritual norms and the moral imperative of physical integrity, and then set out to analyze the concrete outcomes of mutilation visited upon certain kinds of offenders. Finally, we focus on three stories in the Zhuangzi, whose imaginary dialogues illustrate the way their authors try to change the social perception of outcasts in a context that was clearly adverse to their possible rehabilitation.
What the Single Bamboo Slip Found in Mawangdui Tomb M2 Tells Us about Text and Ritual in Early China
Authors: Waring Luke 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A single bamboo slip was found at Mawangdui tomb M2 inside the passageway leading to the pit where Li Cang (d. ca. 186 BCE), the Marquis of Dai and Prime Minister of Changsha, was buried. Though almost entirely unnoticed in previous scholarship, the M2 slip has much to tell us about the overlapping textual, ritual, administrative, and funerary practices of early Western Han China. I offer a description of the slip, translations of its contents, a consideration of how it was used at the tomb site, and an analysis of what its archaeological context tells us about the use of talismans in Western Han burials. Specifically, I show that the slip originally formed part of a multi-piece tomb inventory manuscript, and that it was removed and ritually deposited inside the passageway in order to protect the tomb from robbers and malevolent spirits.
The Invention of the “Eminent Monk”: Understanding the Biographical Craft of the Gaoseng zhuan through the Mingseng zhuan
Authors: Lee Sangyop 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the compilation process of Huijiao’s (497-554)
Gaoseng zhuan by utilizing the manuscript fragments of
Baochang’s (ca. 466–?) Mingseng zhuan. I first
question the long-standing assumption that the Mingseng zhuan
was the “base text” of the Gaoseng zhuan, and
propose to redefine the relationship between the two monastic biography
collections more loosely by using the notion of “narrative
community.” I then suggest that, despite the possible absence of a direct
textual relation between the two collections, due to the Mingseng
zhuan being more representative of the Buddhist narrative community
of early medieval China, the comparison of the two collections is nonetheless
germane to understanding the compilation process of the Gaoseng
zhuan. Lastly, by comparing the lists of contents of the two
collections I identify and analyze distinctive patterns in Huijiao’s
selection and organization of monastic biographies that helped him perfect the
idealized abstraction of the “eminent monk.”
The Limits of “Civilianization”: The New Policies and Shaanxi’s Territorial Administration in the Late Northern Song
Authors: Ong Chang Woei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Previous scholarship has examined various aspects of the origin, development, and eventual collapse of military programs under the New Policies introduced by Wang Anshi (1021-1086), but less attention has been paid to them within a framework of regional analysis. The manuscripts discovered in 1907-1909 at Khara-Khoto in Inner Mongolia contain a wealth of information on daily administration and legal disputes in the military regions of Shaanxi during the early twelfth century. They show that by the early twelfth century, military establishments under the New Policies had become an integral part of Northern Song territorial administration. Therefore, if we confine our analysis to the usual three-tiered hierarchical arrangement of circuits, prefectures, and counties, we will not be able to fully discern the spatial organization of the Song state and the changes it underwent over time.