bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception and Practices of Home Management of Acute Watery Diarrhoea and Its Impact on Dehydration
Authors: Uddin M. Z. , Fatema K. , Begum R. S. , Saad T. , Hossain M. M. , Khan A. R. M. S. H. , Mohsin M. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Diarrhoea is one of the commonest causes of death in children in developing countries. Proper home management can reduce morbidity and mortality. High rates of dietary restriction, poor knowledge of preparation of ORS solutions and low attention given to clinical indicators are causes for seeking hospital management. This study was done to observe the knowledge of caregivers regarding home management of acute watery diarrhoea and to assess the impact of home management on severity of dehydration.
Methods: This study was a prospective study carried out on children with acute diarrhea who attended outpatient department (OPD) of Rangpur Medical College Hospital and duration of the study was 6 months. A total of 100 cases were included in this study who fulfilled the definition of acute diarrhea by WHO. The investigator questioned each mother with the help of a preformed questionnaire.
Results: In 85% of cases, caregivers perception about diarrhea was an increase in the frequency and fluidity of stool. About 95% of cases were initially treated at home; treatment was given at home with ORS (95%). There was change in feeding pattern and modified food was given (24%). Perception about ORS preparation was appropriate in 64% and inappropriate in 31% of cases. Inadequate amount of ORS was given in 74% cases. There was no interruption of breast feeding; dietary restriction during diarrhoea was observed only in 2% cases. Most of the parents did not know when to return immediately to hospital. Dehydration status of diarrhoeal cases was no dehydration (81%), some dehydration (18%) and severe dehydration (1%). In majority of the cases different drugs were used.
Conclusion: Most of the caregivers’ decided to treat diarrhoea at home. Many of them had wrong perception about preparation of ORS and some of them did not know how to make ORS solution. Inadequate amount of ORS was given in most of the cases. Thus to lessen hospital burden and to prevent dehydration increased emphasis should be given to health education of home management of diarrhea.
Microbiological Analysis of Zobo Drink Preserved with Scent Leaves (Ocimum gratissimum)
Authors: Udensi Chukwuma G. , Nwankpa Ugonna D. , Amanze Emmanuel K. , Nwokafor Chibuzor V. , Udekwu Chinedu E. , Ndubuisi Chibuzor W. 
Published: December 2020

Aim: To determine the microbiological quality of zobo drink preserved with scent leaves.
Methods: The zobo drink and scent leaves were prepared and evaluated using standard microbiological techniques.
Results: Twenty three (23) bacteria species and fourteen (14) fungi species were identified from zobo drink preserved with scent leaves samples. This reveals the major bacterial species to be Enterobacter spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp, and Micrococcus spp. and fungi species to be Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus spp and Penicillium spp. The bacterial and fungal counts decreased as the days increased with day 1 having the highest bacterial and fungal counts at 1.41x105 (cfu/ml) and 3.1x104 (cfu/ml) respectively. The control samples were generally higher than the counts recorded on the bacterial and fungal counts. Zobo + scent leaves (ZSC) recorded the highest bacterial count at 1.41x105 (cfu/ml), while the least was recorded for (ZSA) at 1.01x106 (cfu/ml). Zobo + Scent (ZSC) recorded the highest fungal counts at 3.1x104 (cfu/ml), while the least was recorded for ZSA at 1.2x105 (cfu/ml). From this study, Bacillus spp and Staphylococcus aureus were the most frequently occurring bacterial isolates with a high percentage occurrence of 8(21.6%) and 6(16.2%), while Penicillium spp was the most frequently occurring fungal isolate.
Conclusion: The association of these microorganisms with foods such as the commercial zobo drinks may be as a result of poor hygiene or poor sanitary condition. The microbial counts showed that among the zobo drink preserved with scent leaves samples, zobo + scent leaves (ZSC) is the most predisposed product to microbial population due to the high microbial counts recorded. Therefore, the result revealed that the samples of zobo drink were directly and indirectly contaminated with high levels of pathogenic bacteria, but can be reduced by the addition of scent leaves as a preservative.
Association of p155/140 Autoantibody With Loss of Nailfold Capillaries but not Generalized Lipodystrophy: A Study of Ninety‐Six Children With Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Authors: Khojah Amer , Liu Victoria , Savani Sonia I. , Morgan Gabrielle , Shore Richard , Bellm Jackie , Pachman Lauren M. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveMyositis‐specific antibodies (MSAs) facilitate grouping children with juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) into distinct phenotypes. The first aim of this study was to investigate the link between anti‐p155/140 and lipodystrophy as determined by dual x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessment of fat distribution. The second aim was to examine the relationship between anti‐p155/140 and damage to the nailfold capillary system.MethodsChildren with juvenile DM followed for a minimum of 5 years were included. The study population was divided into 3 groups (anti‐p155/140, other MSA, and MSA negative). Lipodystrophy was assessed by physician assessment and DXA fat distribution (trunk‐to‐leg fat ratio). Documentation of nailfold capillary end row loops (ERLs) was obtained at diagnosis.ResultsA total of 96 subjects (44% anti‐p155/140, 23% other MSA, 33% MSA negative) were included. There was no significant difference in age, disease activity scores, or lipodystrophy between the 3 groups. The trunk‐to‐leg fat ratios were similar among the 3 groups at different time points. However, the anti‐p155/140 group had significantly decreased ERL counts (P = 0.006) at baseline as well as a prolonged duration of untreated disease at diagnosis (P = 0.027). Also, the anti‐p155/140 group had fewer patients with a monophasic disease course than the other 2 groups (P = 0.008).ConclusionGeneralized lipodystrophy frequency was equivalent in all 3 groups based on physician assessments and trunk‐to‐leg fat ratios. The anti‐p155/140 group had a greater loss of ERLs, suggesting that this MSA may impact the vascular component of juvenile DM.
Leaf‐economic strategies across the Eocene–Oligocene transition correlate with dry season precipitation and paleoelevation
Authors: Butrim Matthew J. , Royer Dana L. 
Published: December 2020

PREMISEThe Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT; 34–33 Ma) was marked by global cooling and increased seasonality and aridity, leading to a shift in North American floras from subtropical forests to deciduous hardwood forests similar to today. This shift is well documented taxonomically and biogeographically, but its ecological nature is less known.METHODSUsing the relationship between petiole cross‐sectional area and leaf mass, we estimated leaf dry mass per area (LMA), a functional trait tied to plant resource investment and expenditure, at 22 western North American sites spanning the EOT to determine how the broad restructuring of vegetation during this time was reflected in leaf economics.RESULTSThere was no overall shift in LMA between pre‐EOT and post‐EOT floras; instead, changes in LMA across sites were mostly driven by a negative correlation with dry‐season precipitation and a positive correlation with paleoelevation. These patterns held for both whole sites and subsets of sites containing taxa with similar biogeographical histories (taxa that persisted in the highlands across the EOT or that migrated to the lowlands) and are consistent with most observations in extant floras.CONCLUSIONSOur data provide a geological context for understanding environmentally paced changes in leaf‐economic strategies, particularly linking leaf economic strategies to dry‐season precipitation and paleoelevation.
Paired Copper Monomers in Zeolite Omega: The Active Site for Methane‐to‐Methanol Conversion
Authors: Knorpp Amy J. , Pinar Ana B. , Baerlocher Christian , McCusker Lynne B. , Casati Nicola , Newton Mark A. , Checchia Stefano , Meyet Jordan , Palagin Dennis , van Bokhoven Jeroen A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe direct conversion of methane to methanol using oxygen is a challenging but potentially rewarding pathway towards utilizing methane. By using a stepwise chemical looping approach, copper‐exchanged zeolites can convert methane to methanol, but productivity is still too low for viable implementation. However, if the nature of the active site could be elucidated, that information could be used to design more effective catalysts. By employing anomalous X‐ray powder diffraction with support from theory and other X‐ray techniques, we have derived a quantitative and spatial description of the highly selective, active copper sites in zeolite omega (Cu‐omega). This is the first comprehensive description of the structure of non‐copper‐oxo active species and will provide a pivotal model for future development for materials for methane to methanol conversion.
Site Sensitivity of Interfacial Charge Transfer and Photocatalytic Efficiency in Photocatalysis: Methanol Oxidation on Anatase TiO2 Nanocrystals
Authors: Fu Cong , Li Fei , Zhang Jiachen , Li Dan , Qian Kun , Liu Yong , Tang Junwang , Fan Fengtao , Zhang Qun , Gong Xue‐Qing , Huang Weixin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhotocatalytic oxidation of methanol on various anatase TiO2 nanocrystals was studied by in situ and time‐resolved characterizations and DFT calculations. Surface site and resulting surface adsorbates affect the surface band bending/bulk‐to‐surface charge migration processes and interfacial electronic structure/interfacial charge transfer processes. TiO2 nanocrystals predominantly enclosed by the {001} facets expose a high density of reactive fourfold‐coordinated Ti sites (Ti4c) at which CH3OH molecules dissociate to form the CH3O adsorbate (CH3O(a)Ti4c). CH3O(a)Ti4c localized density of states are almost at the valence band maximum of TiO2 surface, facilitating the interfacial hole transfer process; CH3O(a)Ti4c with a high coverage promotes upward surface band bending, facilitating bulk‐to‐surface hole migration. CH3O(a)Ti4c exhibits the highest photocatalytic oxidation rate constant. TiO2 nanocrystals enclosed by the {001} facets are most active in photocatalytic methanol oxidation.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Electrochemical C(sp3)−C(sp2) Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Benzyl Trifluoroborate and Organic Halides**
Authors: Luo Jian , Hu Bo , Wu Wenda , Hu Maowei , Liu T. Leo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReported here is the redox neutral electrochemical C(sp2)−C(sp3) cross‐coupling reaction of bench‐stable aryl halides or β‐bromostyrene (electrophiles) and benzylic trifluoroborates (nucleophiles) using nonprecious, bench‐stable NiCl2⋅glyme/polypyridine catalysts in an undivided cell configuration under ambient conditions. The broad reaction scope and good yields of the Ni‐catalyzed electrochemical coupling reactions were confirmed by 50 examples of aryl/β‐styrenyl chloride/bromide and benzylic trifluoroborates. Potential applications were demonstrated by electrosynthesis and late‐stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals and natural amino acid modification, and three reactions were run on gram‐scale in a flow‐cell electrolyzer. The electrochemical C−C cross‐coupling reactions proceed through an unconventional radical transmetalation mechanism. This method is highly productive and expected to find wide‐spread applications in organic synthesis.
Bis‐Cyclooctatetraenyl Thulium(II): Highly Reducing Lanthanide Sandwich Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Moutet Jules , Schleinitz Jules , La Droitte Léo , Tricoire Maxime , Pointillart Fabrice , Gendron Frédéric , Simler Thomas , Clavaguéra Carine , Le Guennic Boris , Cador Olivier , Nocton Grégory 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDivalent lanthanide organometallics are well‐known highly reducing compounds usually used for single electron transfer reactivity and small molecule activation. Thus, their very reactive nature prevented for many years the study of their physical properties, such as magnetic studies on a reliable basis. Herein, the access to rare organometallic sandwich compounds of TmII with the cyclooctatetraenyl (Cot) ligand impacts on the use of divalent organolanthanide compounds as an additional strategy for the design of performing Single Molecule Magnets (SMM). The first divalent thulium sandwich complex with f13 configuration behaving as a single‐molecule magnet in absence of DC field is highlighted.
Titanium Germylidenes
Authors: Lee Vladimir Ya. , Sakai Ryo , Takanashi Kazunori , Gapurenko Olga A. , Minyaev Ruslan M. , Gornitzka Heinz , Sekiguchi Akira 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTwo novel 18‐electron titanium germylene complexes, Cp2Ti(L)=Ge[Si3(SiMetBu2)4] 3 b (L=Me3P) and 3 c (L=XylNC), were synthesized, isolated, and structurally characterized. The length of the titanium‐germanium bonds of 2.5387(3) Å and 2.5276(3) Å (in 3 b and 3 c, respectively) well match those expected for the double bond, which was further supported by the DFT study. Based on their structural characteristics, as well as their atomic charges calculations which revealed Ti(δ+)=Ge(δ−) bond polarization, both 3 b and 3 c are classified as the Schrock‐type titanium germylidenes, as the germanium analogues of the widely known titanium alkylidenes. By contrast, germylene complexes of the group 6 metals 8 a (M=Mo) and 8 b (M=W) are better described as Fischer‐type germylene complexes.
Patients as partners in readiness for COVID‐19: using ‘live simulation’ to implement infection prevention and control procedures in the maternity operating theatre
Authors: Cegielski D. , Darling C. , Noor C. , Shelton C .L. , Parry Z. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryInsitu simulation can be used to improve care within a particular setting and has specific value in developing and testing guidelines and procedures. However, it can be challenging to undertake simulation when clinical work is ongoing. Responding to the need to develop infection prevention and control procedures for coronavirus disease 2019 in the obstetric operating theatre, we asked three patients who required operative intervention to consent to be managed according to preliminary standard operating procedures as if they were severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 positive. With this method, we were able to run scenarios in real‐time without interrupting clinical work. As well as allowing us to develop and refine procedures, these ‘live simulations’ provided staff training and highlighted system problems that needed to be addressed as the first wave of the pandemic approached. In this case series, we describe our procedure for live simulation, report the learning points that this approach yielded, present the feedback from patient participants and reflect on the ethical implications of this technique.
Association between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Food Allergy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Lei , Shen Weimin , Yao Hao , Zheng Rongying , Chen Wenshu , Zhang Weixi 
Published: December 2020

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and food allergy (FA) are global public health problems. Several studies have explored the association between ASD and FA, but the conclusions were inconsistent. The aim of this review was to evaluate the relationship between ASD and FA. The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to February 2, 2020. Studies investigating the association between ASD and FA were included. A random effects model was used to pool risk estimates. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. Fifteen studies with a total of 293,130 participants were included in this review. The pooled prevalence of FA in individuals with ASD was 13% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10–0.17), while the pooled prevalence of FA in controls was 5% (95% CI: 0.04–0.07). The pooled odds ratio (OR) for FA in individuals with ASD was 2.45 (95% CI: 2.25–2.67). One study examined the prevalence of ASD in participants with FA. The prevalence of ASD in individuals with FA was 3.5% (95% CI: 0.029–0.042), while the prevalence of ASD in the control group was 1.6% (95% CI: 0.015–0.017). Five study examined the OR of ASD in participants with FA. The OR for ASD in individuals with FA was 1.95 (95% CI: 1.73–2.19). The results of this systematic review and meta‐analysis seem to reveal a significant association between ASD and FA.Lay SummaryThis systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluate the relationship between ASD and FA. We found that the prevalence of FA was higher in participants with ASD than in controls and participants with ASD were at risk of developing FA and the prevalence of ASD was higher in participants with FA than in controls and participants with FA were at risk of developing ASD. Additional research such as a prospective cohort study is required to better understand the relationship between ASD and FA.
PTPN6 promotes chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells via inhibiting the SP1/MAPK signalling pathway
Authors: Fang Huilong , Ma Wei , Guo Xuli , Wang Junjie 
Published: December 2020

The abnormal expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 6 (PTPN6) has been proved to be associated with the progression of colorectal cancer. However, its role in chemosensitivity and related molecular mechanism have not been clarified. It has been reported that PTPN6 was down‐regulated in colorectal cancer cells compared with the normal colorectal cells. To evaluate the effects of PTPN6 on the proliferation and survival of colorectal cancer cells, PTPN6 was overexpressed in colorectal cancer cells in the present study. We found that cell proliferation and viability were both decreased after overexpression of PTPN6. The IC50 of 5‐Fu against colorectal cells was also declined in PTPN6 transfected cells. And further, we verified that PTPN6 could down‐regulate the expression of P‐gp and MRP‐1. Moreover, SP1 was the target protein of PTPN6 predicated by ChIPBase software and confirmed through Co‐immunoprecipitation assay and it was negatively regulated by PTPN6. To further verify the effect of SP1 on chemoresistance, SP1 was overexpressed. SP1 overexpression enhanced the drug‐resistance to 5‐Fu and abrogated the effects of PTPN6 upregulation on 5‐Fu resistance. All the above changes were associated with the down‐regulation of proteins related to MAPK signalling pathway, such as phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) and p38. In summary, PTPN6 promoted chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells by targeting SP1 and inhibiting the activation of MAPK signalling pathway.Significance of the studyIt has been demonstrated that the abnormal expression of PTPN6 was related to the progression of colorectal cancer. However, the chemosensitivity of PTPN6 and its molecular mechanisms were still unclear. Here, we identified that PTPN6 was down‐regulated in colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, PTPN6 overexpression not only reduced cell proliferation and viability, but decreased the resistance of colorectal cells to 5‐Fu. In our research, we found that the SP1 was the target protein of PTPN6 and it was negatively regulated by PTPN6. In addition, SP1 could increase the resistance of colorectal cells to 5‐Fu. Molecular mechanism studies have shown that PTPN6 promoted the chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting the activation of MAPK signalling pathway.
Fatal rupture of pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm after thoracic radiation therapy against lung squamous cell carcinoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Fukuda Yosuke , Homma Tetsuya , Uno Tomoki , Murata Yasunori , Suzuki Shintaro , Shiozawa Eisuke , Takimoto Masafumi , Sagara Hironori 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm is a rare but fatal condition. It has been associated with lung cancer, abscesses, and radiation therapy. Identification in patients with hemoptysis is critical, and timely interventional therapy is warranted.
Selective C−O Bond Cleavage of Bio‐Based Organic Acids over Palladium Promoted MoOx/TiO2
Authors: Nacy Ayad , de Lima e Freitas Lucas Freitas , Albarracín‐Suazo Sandra , Ruiz‐Valentín Génesis , Roberts Charles A. , Nikolla Eranda , Pagán‐Torres Yomaira J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHydrodeoxygenation chemistries play a key role in the upgrading of biomass‐derived feedstocks. Among these, the removal of targeted hydroxyl groups through selective C−O bond cleavage from molecules containing multiple functionalities over heterogeneous catalysts has shown to be a challenge. Herein, we report a highly selective and stable heterogeneous catalyst for hydrodeoxygenation of tartaric acid to succinic acid. The catalyst consists of reduced Mo5+ centers promoted by palladium, which facilitate selective C−O bond cleavage, while leaving intact carboxylic acid end groups. Stable catalytic performance over multiple cycles is demonstrated. This catalytic system opens up opportunities for selective processing of biomass‐derived sugar acids with a high degree of chemical functionality.
Spontaneously Forming Oxide Layer of High Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles Deposited on Porous Carbons for Supercapacitors
Authors: Shen Enhui , Song Xuehua , Chen Qibin , Zheng Mengmeng , Bian Jianqing , Liu Honglai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHigh‐entropy alloy nanoparticles with a thin metal oxide layer, deposited onto hypercrosslinked polymer‐based carbon (HCPC), were synthesized through the adsorption of five metal ions in the hypercrosslinked polymers and subsequent in situ reduction of such ions (Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Sn2+), followed by a carbonization process. The as‐prepared composites exhibit an excellent specific capacitance (495.4 F/g at 0.5 A/g in 1 M KOH), a superior cycling stability (94.7 % of initial capacitance after 15000 cycles at 10 A/g), and ultrafast charge transport kinetics (88.9 % fast kinetic capacitance at 200 mV/s). These excellent electrochemical behaviors are attributed to the pseudocapacitance of the metal oxide layer spontaneously formed on the outermost surface of the composite, having a thickness at the nanometer scale. Such findings suggest that this simple strategy, combining multimetallic nanoparticles with porous carbon materials, has promising potential to improve specific capacitance and paves the way to develop both the preparation of high‐entropy alloys and supercapacitors with improved performance.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Non‐Hydrolyzable Phospho‐Lysine Peptide Mimics
Authors: Hauser Anett , Poulou Eleftheria , Müller Fabian , Schmieder Peter , Hackenberger Christian P. R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Christian P. R. Hackenberger at the Leibniz‐Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie and the Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin. The image depicts a phospho‐lysine peptide mimic which reflects a phosphorylated lysine but is not identical. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202003947.