bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dehydrogenase of Regenerating Red Blood Cells in Phenylhydrazine Anemia
Authors: Friedman Max M , Kahn Bernard S , Lapan Bernard 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Dehydrogenase activities in red blood cells of rabbits made anemic with phenylhydrazine were assayed. These assays were continued at the time of reticulocytosis and followed through the course of in vivo maturation of the reticulocytes to a younger erythrocyte population.
Isocitric, glucose-6-phosphate, and 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenases were more active in the reticulocytes. Isocitric and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases were also more active in the younger red cell, compared to an average population. Lactic dehydrogenase activity was the same in the reticulocyte, young red cell, and the older red cell.
The significance of these findings is discussed.
A Punched-Card System for the Laboratory
Authors: Radin Nathan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A punched-card system was developed to simplify the administrative aspects of the clinical chemistry laboratory. In it a three-part requisition and samples are matched and given a laboratory number. The third copy of the original laboratory requsition is a charge card also used as a name file for the day. Prepunched cards, coded for laboratory tests, are used for each test requested. The laboratory number is stamped and punched on each test card. All test cards are then sorted into laboratory test groups, after which the laboratory data and results are recorded on them. Cards are then sorted for laboratory number and rematched with the original laboratory requisitions, which remained in numerical order. Results are then copied directly onto the requisitions.
The system is more efficient, less susceptible to error, and simpler than other laboratory record systems.
A New Diazo Method for the Determination of Bilirubin
Authors: Rand Royden N , Pasqua Alfred di 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A new technic for the determination of total bilirubin is reported. The substitution of 2,4 dichloroaniline for sulfanilic acid results in a very stable diazotized reagent which reacts quickly with bilirubin in plasma or serum. Comparison with a sulfanilic acid procedure indicates that similar analytic values are obtained with this technic; short quality control studies indicate satisfactory precision was obtained.
Colorimetric Method for Hippuric Acid
Authors: Umberger Charles J , Fiorese Frank F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Hippuric acid dissolved in pyridine producesa red-orange color upon the addition of benzenesulfonyl chloride. The color has a stable absorbance at 380 mµ. It is sensitive in microgram quantities of hippuric acid and follows the Beer-Lambert Law over a wide range of concentrations. The mechanism of the color reaction is described.
Spinal-Fluid Protein Determination for the Differentiation of Neurologic Disorders
Authors: Papadopoulos N M , Hess W C , O'Doherly D , Wakeman L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A simple chemical test previously described for the determination of total protein and -globulin was applied to the analysis of spinal fluid specimens (CSF) from non-neurologic and a variety of neurologic disorders. On the basis of the chemical findings, the pathologic specimens analyzed were divided into three groups: (a) nonneurologic and some neurologic conditions with a normal CSF total protein and -globulin concentration; (b) demyelinating disorders with a normal total protein and elevated b.gamma;-globulin concentration; and (c) degenerative and infectious with an elevated total protein and -globulin. A good correlation between chemical findings and clinical observation was obtained.
Macro and Micro Methods for the Determination of Serum Iron and Iron-Binding Capacity
Authors: Caraway Wendell T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Blood serum is incubated with ascorbic acid and hydrochloric acid to liberate protein-bound iron. Proteins are precipitated with trichloroacetic acid in the presence of chloroform. To an aliquot of clear supernatant is added a solution of tripyridyltriazine and sufficient ammonium acetate to adjust the ρH between 4 and 5. Absorbance of the blue-colored complex is measured at 590 m µ . Iron-binding capacity is measured by saturation of serum with ferric iron followed by removal of excess iron with magnesium carbonate. Measurement of total bound iron is completed as above. Macro and micro technics for either determination require 2 ml. and 0.1 ml. of serum, respectively. Reliability of the methods has been established by recovery experiments, replicate analyses, and variation of reagent concentrations and incubation times.
Automation of Protein-Bound Iodine Determinations
Authors: Stevens Clarence O , Levandoski Nicholas G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Portions of the Barker alkali-incineration technic for determining protein-bound iodine have been automated using an automatic analysis system. The manifold and analytic procedure are described in detail. Data are presented to show that the automated procedure compares favorably in accuracy with the manual procedure.
Relationship of Serum and Urinary Proteins in Neoplastic States: A Preliminary Survey
Authors: Nettleship A , Strother James A , Smith H Siemsen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Twenty-four-hour urine specimens from patients with and without malignancies were concentrated by dialysis. The electrophoretic mobility of the urine protein components was compared with that of the respective serum proteins. Control values were similar to those established in the literature. Urinary protein concentrations found in malignant states were higher. Generally, there is a positive correlation between serum concentration of globulins and urinary excretion. It is not possible to prove in either controls or in patients bearing malignancies that the amount of urinary protein excreted depends upon molecular size.
Subclinical atherosclerosis is associated with incident atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kristensen Kit Engedal , Knage Cille Cederholm , Nyhegn Liv Havgaard , Mulder Bart A , Rienstra Michiel , Van Gelder Isabelle C , Brandes Axel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Aims
Coronary artery disease is an established risk factor for incident atrial fibrillation (AF), but it is unclear whether subclinical atherosclerosis also increases the risk of incident AF. Therefore, the aim was to assess the association between subclinical atherosclerosis, defined by increased carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) or coronary artery calcium score (CACS), and incident AF.

Methods and results
A systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane was done to find all cohort studies investigating the association between subclinical atherosclerosis, defined by increased cIMT or CACS, and incident AF. Eligible articles had to be available in an English full-text version; include adults over the age of 18 years; include ≥100 participants; and have a follow-up period ≥12 months. Data on cIMT were pooled using a fixed-effects model, while data on CACS (I2 &gt;25) were pooled using a random-effects model. Five studies on cIMT including 36 333 patients and two studies on CACS including 34 603 patients were identified. All studies investigating the association between increased cIMT and incident AF showed a significant association, with an overall hazard ratio (HR) of 1.43 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27–1.59]. The two studies investigating the association between increased CACS and AF also showed a significant association with an overall HR of 1.07 (95% CI 1.02–1.12).

Conclusion
Data from seven observational studies suggest that subclinical atherosclerosis defined by increased cIMT or CACS is associated with an increased risk of incident AF. These findings emphasize the need for further research investigating whether treatment of subclinical atherosclerosis should be a part of the initiatives to prevent AF.
Participation of People With Impairments in Seniors’ Organizations: Conditions and Limitations on Inclusion
Authors: Raymond Émilie , Lantagne Lopez Mélanie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWhile older adults’ social participation has attracted sustained attention, the realities faced by seniors with impairments in this area are still understudied. Social representations are formed from socially constructed opinions regarding a given object and have four functions (knowledge, identity, orientation, justification). The purpose of this article is to document the social representations that exist within seniors’ organizations regarding participation by older people with impairments.Research Design and MethodsIn this mixed-methods study, an exploratory sequential design was applied. First, a qualitative phase involved meetings with five focus groups to explore how participants would manage difficult situations in which the inclusion of an older person with impairments must be addressed. Second, a quantitative phase consisted of a questionnaire administered to 86 respondents to examine the components of social representations about the participation of older people with impairments.ResultsResults show that, although research participants acknowledge that all seniors have the right to participate, this right confronts a collective identity infused with aging model that demands a youthful, “un-disabled” appearance and activities. In terms of the orientation function, making participation a reality is seen as relying on the efforts of people with impairments, but when there is a failure of inclusiveness, the reasons offered to justify it concern the resources available, rather than possible prejudices.Discussion and ImplicationsInterpretation of the results leads to recommendations for both implementing an inclusion philosophy and practices in seniors’ organizations and revisiting the view of impairment in old age as otherness.
Visions of the future: political labour’s temporality and socialist objectives in Britain and Australia, 1918–21
Authors: Byrne Liam 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article is a comparative study of political temporality and the concept of the ‘future’ in British Labour and Australian Labor. It deepens knowledge of how Labo(u)r’s political culture has been forged through debates over socialism, focusing on the socialist objectives of 1918 and 1921. As a result, it allows an appreciation of phenomena such as the rise of Jeremy Corbyn and ‘Corbynism’. It is focused around a reading of the major conferences of each party, as sites of power negotiation, debate and ideological creation. These sources are complemented by an extensive reading of labour newspapers and pamphlets from both countries.
P057 WIRELESS ELECTRODE PATCHES SHOW INTRAPATIENT REPRODUCIBILITY IN A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF PATIENTS WITH CROHN’S DISEASE IN REMISSION
Authors: Axelrod Steve , Axelrod Lindsay , Navalgund Anand , Spear Estelle , Patel Akshar , Li Cuiping , Habtezion Aida , Triadafilopoulos George 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Crohn’s disease (CD) patients would benefit from a non-invasive indicator of gut function to better predict changes in disease state, such as the onset of flare. A study of CD patients using non-invasive wireless electrode patches (G-Tech Medical, Mountain View, CA) that read myoelectric signals from the gut over 3 days is underway at Stanford University’s IBD center. The study will include 40 patients presenting in flare and 30 in remission to be tested at t=0, 1, 3 and 6 months. In addition, one-time tests will be performed on 20 healthy controls.

Aims
Herein, we report on the first 6 CD patients tested at t=0 and 1 month while in remission.

Methods
Each patient wore 3 abdominal patches (each 2.7” diameter) for 3 consecutive days while pursuing regular daily activities and meals (Figure 1). Each patch recorded 4 channels of myoelectric activity from the stomach, small intestine and colon, and transmitted the raw data to an iPod Touch, which relayed the data to a secure cloud server. Data were later downloaded and processed to remove artifacts, create frequency spectra, and search them for peaks representing rhythmic motor activity. We find that, nominally, stomach activity appears at 3 cycles/minute (cpm), small intestine at 6–12 cpm, and colon at 12–25 cpm.

Results
Figure 2 shows peak spectra for the 6 patients at t=0 and 1 month. Individual peaks represent motor activity at a specific frequency associated with the stomach, small intestine, or colon. Each patient has a unique overall pattern, or GutPrint, reflecting the frequencies and levels of activity of their GI motility. The GutPrint for each individual reproduces well at the second test and is easily recognizable for each subject. Although the peak amplitudes may vary, virtually all of the peaks that appear at specific frequencies at t=0 are also present at 1 month representing a quantifiable signature that reflects each patient’s unique motility.

Conclusion
The G-Tech patch system provides a practical and noninvasive, physiologic means of measuring motor activity of the gut over multiple days. Its intra-patient reproducibility allows for the possibility of measuring changes to gut performance over time, whether naturally- or drug-induced, showing promise in CD monitoring.
P112 CORRELATION OF FECAL CALPROTECTIN TO COLONOSCOPIC FINDINGS FOR DETECTION OF RECURRENCE OF CROHN’S DISEASE IN THE POST-OPERATIVE SETTING AT A SINGLE ACADEMIC CENTER
Authors: Sharma Anil , Morrison Georgia , Keyashian Kian , Matro Rebecca 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) who undergo a first surgery are at higher risk of having a subsequent surgery in light of recurrence of disease. Significant evidence suggests that a postoperative colonoscopy evaluating recurrence at the anastomosis using the Rugeerts score (RS) can predict risk of repeat surgery. Given the invasive nature of colonoscopy, there has been increasing interest in using noninvasive biomarkers to predict disease recurrence. Studies have shown variability in the operating characteristics of the fecal calprotectin (FC) assay with sensitivities and specificities for detecting recurrence ranging widely from 48–95 and 58–79%, respectively. A recent meta-analysis demonstrated a pooled sensitivity of 70% when using an optimal FC cut-off of 150 ug/g. We sought to delineate how FC correlates with RS at our institution and to identify a cutoff for significant recurrence.

Methods
We performed a retrospective review of adult patients with CD who underwent ileocecectomy followed by a colonoscopy within 18 months of surgery, with the additional inclusion of FC testing within 2 weeks of the colonoscopy. Patients were identified at our institution via ICD 9 and 10 codes and the electronic medical record. The primary outcome of interest was a comparison of mean FC for those without endoscopic recurrence (defined as RS i0-i1) to those with significant endoscopic recurrence (defined as RS i2-i4). Other variables assessed included gender, disease location and phenotype, and extent of surgery (Table 1).

Results
A total of 12 patients met the inclusion criteria. 7 patients (58.3%) were female. Age at time of surgery ranged from 21 to 73 years (mean 37.9). Only 1 patient (8.3%) had a nonstricturing, nonpenetrating phenotype. After surgery, 11 patients were on biologic or combination therapy and 1 patient was not on any medical therapy. 5 patients (42%) demonstrated endoscopic recurrence by RS with mean FC of 883.7 ug/g, as compared to mean FC of 83.6 ug/g for those without recurrence. There was a positive correlation between FC and RS with a Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of 0.86 (p = 0.0004).

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate a strong correlation between FC and RS. Using a cutoff for FC of 150 ug/g, we demonstrate sensitivity and specificity of 100%. This further supports the possibility of using FC as a surrogate to possibly defer colonoscopy in those post-operative CD patients with low FC. Study limitations include the retrospective nature and small sample size, recognizing that in years past FC was not as readily available or used in this setting. Future considerations include larger, prospective studies looking at FC and other noninvasive biomarkers in this post-operative setting.
P115 RELATIONS BETWEEN DISEASE STATUS AND BODY COMPOSITION IN PEDIATRIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Authors: Talathi Saurabh , Nagaraj Pooja , Jester Traci , Maclin Jeanine , Knight Taylor , Barnes Margaux 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the effect of remission status on physical activity, and body composition in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) and healthy peers.

Methods
Single center cohort study including 54 PIBD patients and 33 healthy peers. During initial study visit, a brief demographic questionnaire, physical activity questionnaire completed by participants and instructions on recording dietary intake were given. Physicians completed the Physician Global Assessment (PGA) for disease severity. Medical chart abstraction done to obtain disease variables of interest. DEXA scan completed one week later to obtain information on body composition. Variables of interest were compared between the three groups (IBD-Remission, IBD-Active and healthy controls) using an ANOVA or Chi square test as appropriate.

Results
IBD patients were older than controls, reported lower quality of life (73.9 vs 80.9) and engaged in less MVPA (195.4 versus 361.1). IBD-Active group had a significantly lower lean body mass, bone mineral density and time spent in MVPA compared to IBD-Remission group and healthy controls. IBD-Remission group had a significantly lower percentage of biologic use (55% vs 87%) and comorbidities (26% vs 44%) compared to IBD-active group. IBD-remission group also had a lower fat mass percentage.

Discussion
In this study, we report significantly favorable LBM, BMD, and time spent in MVPA in patients with IBD in remission compared to those not in remission with the former demonstrating a body composition resembling to that of healthy peers. While an improvement in BMD was observed with remission, the scores were still lower than controls.
P116 SMALL BOWEL INVOLVEMENT IN CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE COLITIS
Authors: Bhattacharya Sumona , Taneja Sonia , Zerbe Christa , DeRavin Suk See , Malech Harry , Holland Steven , Koh Christopher , Heller Theo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare disorder caused by genetic mutations of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase complex (NADPH), occurring in approximately 1/200,000 individuals. These mutations decrease residual reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, leading to dysregulated inflammation. Inflammatory manifestations can be widespread, including severe and recurrent infections. The gastrointestinal tract is the most commonly affected organ with resultant inflammatory bowel disease, termed CGD colitis. Manifestations include abdominal pain, diarrhea with or without blood, nausea/vomiting, obstructions, and fistulas which can occur in a perianal distribution. Patients are often misdiagnosed with Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, especially in the absence of extensive infectious history. We aimed to characterize the small bowel involvement in CGD.
Data is presented from a combined retrospective and ongoing prospective observational study of patients with genetically-confirmed CGD who underwent wireless video capsule endoscopy (VCE) at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (n = 8). VCEs were performed for clinical indications including abdominal pain (88%), diarrhea (75%), bloody stools (38%), and/or nausea/vomiting (25%). One patient (13%) underwent VCE for otherwise unexplained high inflammatory markers. Laboratory evaluation was significant for leukopenia/leukocytosis (75%), anemia (63%), and elevated C reactive-protein levels (63%). Seven patients (88%) had prior small bowel imaging, however none showed evidence of any abnormality in this organ. The most common VCE findings were ulcers and/or erosions (88%). Most patients also displayed other mucosal changes consistent with inflammation such as erythema and/or edema (88%). There was also evidence of blood or hematin on 63% of the endoscopies.
While therapies for CGD colitis are targeted towards colonic involvement, our findings show that the vast majority of symptomatic patients also have active small bowel disease including ulcers, erosions, evidence of bleeding, and other signs of inflammation. These findings, however, are not specific to CGD. Given that certain biologic medications used for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis have been shown to increase the risk of life-threatening infections in patients with CGD, it is important to keep other forms of IBD, especially CGD-related IBD, in mind when interpreting small bowel capsule endoscopy in patients with suspected IBD. Lastly, in patients with confirmed CGD colitis, small bowel disease should be rigorously investigated, and therapy should also seek to address small bowel involvement. Of note, our patients did not display any radiographic abnormalities of the small bowel. Due to our small sample size, we aim to study additional patients in the future to augment our data.
P107 SINUSITIS IS A RISK FOR SUBSEQUENT INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Authors: Rai Victoria , Traboulsi Cindy , Gulotta George , Rubin David 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The relationship between sinusitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not yet been established. Though the two are characterized by dysfunction of the epithelial barrier, there lacks evidence on the relative contributions of infection or inflammation to this co-morbidity in IBD patients. Previous analysis from our group (ACG 2019) identified an increased prevalence of sinusitis among patients with IBD, but that work did not include a stratified analysis of IBD patients with sinusitis based on the order in which these conditions were diagnosed.

Methods
This is a retrospective study at our tertiary IBD center. We utilized our institution’s electronic medical record data warehouse of 2.4 million patients to identify those with diagnostic codes for both sinusitis (J32) and IBD (K50.90 and K51.90). Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of IBD and/or sinusitis between January 2000 and May 2019 and age ≥18 years were included. Demographic and disease related information were collected, including dates of diagnosis for both sinusitis and IBD. Categorical variables were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test and continuous variables were analyzed using Wilcoxon rank sum test.

Results
Of 14,366 patients with IBD, 386 patients (2.69%) were diagnosed with both IBD and sinusitis (IBD+S). The average age of IBD diagnosis in the IBD only group was 37.30 (18.76) years and IBD+S group was 38.36 (19.81) years (p = 0.27). Of the 386 patients with IBD+S, 268 (69.4%) were diagnosed with IBD before sinusitis and 118 (30.6%) were diagnosed with IBD after sinusitis (Table 1). The average age of IBD diagnosis in the IBD before sinusitis group was 33.2 ± 17.3 years, which was significantly younger than patients in the IBD after sinusitis group of 50.2 ± 20.2 years (p &lt; 0.001). The average time between diagnoses was significantly more in the group diagnosed with IBD before sinusitis compared with the group diagnosed with IBD after sinusitis (7.64 ± 8.89 years vs 3.73 ± 3.16 years, respectively; p &lt; 0.001). In addition, patients diagnosed with IBD after sinusitis were significantly less likely to be of white race, never smokers, have Crohn’s disease, bowel obstruction, or be receiving immunosuppressive medications.

Conclusions
There are significant differences in the characteristics of patients with IBD and sinusitis from IBD only patients, and even greater differences when stratifying the IBD+S group based on the order of diagnoses. Within the subgroup of IBD+S, most notably, patients with sinusitis first have an older age of IBD diagnosis. These findings suggest that a diagnosis of sinusitis should prompt consideration of co-existing or subsequent risk of IBD.