bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The power of coordinate transformations in dynamical interpretations of Galactic structure
Authors: Hunt Jason A S , Johnston Kathryn V , Pettitt Alex R , Cunningham Emily C , Kawata Daisuke , Hogg David W 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Gaia DR2 has provided an unprecedented wealth of information about the positions and motions of stars in our Galaxy and has highlighted the degree of disequilibria in the disc. As we collect data over a wider area of the disc, it becomes increasingly appealing to start analysing stellar actions and angles, which specifically label orbit space, instead of their current phase space location. Conceptually, while $\bar {x}$ and $\bar {v}$ tell us about the potential and local interactions, grouping in action puts together stars that have similar frequencies and hence similar responses to dynamical effects occurring over several orbits. Grouping in actions and angles refines this further to isolate stars that are travelling together through space and hence have shared histories. Mixing these coordinate systems can confuse the interpretation. For example, it has been suggested that by moving stars to their guiding radius, the Milky Way spiral structure is visible as ridge-like overdensities in the Gaia data (Khoperskov et al. 2020). However, in this work, we show that these features are in fact the known kinematic moving groups, both in the Lz − ϕ and the vR − vϕ planes. Using simulations, we show how this distinction will become even more important as we move to a global view of the Milky Way. As an example, we show that the radial velocity wave seen in the Galactic disc in Gaia and APOGEE should become stronger in the action-angle frame, and that it can be reproduced by transient spiral structure.
Time evolution of cyclotron line of Her X-1: a detailed statistical analysis including new AstroSat data
Authors: Bala S , Bhattacharya D , Staubert R , Maitra C 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The cyclotron line feature in the X-ray spectrum of the accretion-powered pulsar Her X-1 has been observed and monitored for over three decades. The line energy exhibited a slow secular decline over the period 1995–2014, with a possible (not confirmed) indication of a reversal thereafter. Recent works have shown that the temporal evolution of the line energy may be modelled as a flattening after an earlier decrease until MJD 55400 (±200). In this work, we present the results of AstroSat observations in the context of earlier data and offer a common interpretation through a detailed study of temporal and flux dependence. We find that the variation of the line energy does not support an upward trend but is consistent with the reported flattening after an earlier decrease until MJD $54487^{+515}_{-469}$.
Gamma-ray counterparts of 2WHSP high-synchrotron-peaked BL Lac objects as possible signatures of ultra-high-energy cosmic ray emission
Authors: Toomey Michael W , Oikonomou Foteini , Murase Kohta 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a search for high-energy γ-ray emission from 566 Active Galactic Nuclei at redshift z &gt; 0.2, from the 2WHSP catalogue of high-synchrotron peaked BL Lac objects with 8 yr of Fermi-LAT data. We focus on a redshift range where electromagnetic cascade emission induced by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays can be distinguished from leptonic emission based on the spectral properties of the sources. Our analysis leads to the detection of 160 sources above ≈5σ (TS ≥25) in the 1–300 GeV energy range. By discriminating significant sources based on their γ-ray fluxes, variability properties, and photon index in the Fermi-LAT energy range, and modelling the expected hadronic signal in the TeV regime, we select a list of promising sources as potential candidate ultra-high-energy cosmic ray emitters for follow-up observations by Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes.
NGC 474 as viewed with KCWI: diagnosing a shell galaxy
Authors: Alabi Adebusola B , Ferré-Mateu Anna , Forbes Duncan A , Romanowsky Aaron J , Brodie Jean P 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We present new spectra obtained using Keck/KCWI and perform kinematics and stellar population analyses of the shell galaxy NGC 474, from both the galaxy centre and a region from the outer shell. We show that both regions have similarly extended star formation histories although with different stellar population properties. The central region of NGC 474 is dominated by intermediate-aged stars (8.3 ± 0.3 Gyr) with subsolar metallicity ([Z/H] = −0.24 ± 0.07 dex) while the observed shell region, which hosts a substantial population of younger stars, has a mean luminosity-weighted age of 4.0 ± 0.5 Gyr with solar metallicities ([Z/H] = −0.03 ± 0.09 dex). Our results are consistent with a scenario in which NGC 474 experienced a major to intermediate merger with a log$(M_*/\rm M_\odot) \sim 10$ mass satellite galaxy at least ${\sim}2$ Gyr ago which produced its shell system. This work shows that the direct spectroscopic study of low-surface brightness stellar features, such as shells, is now feasible and opens up a new window to understanding galaxy formation and evolution.
Formation of massive stars under protostellar radiation feedback: very metal-poor stars
Authors: Fukushima Hajime , Hosokawa Takashi , Chiaki Gen , Omukai Kazuyuki , Yoshida Naoki , Kuiper Rolf 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the formation of very metal-poor stars under protostellar radiative feedback effect. We use cosmological simulations to identify low-mass dark matter haloes and star-forming gas clouds within them. We then follow protostar formation and the subsequent long-term mass accretion phase of over one million years using two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. We show that the critical physical process that sets the final mass is the formation and expansion of a bipolar H ii region. The process is similar to the formation of massive primordial stars, but radiation pressure exerted on dust grains also contributes to halting the accretion flow in the low-metallicity case. We find that the net feedback effect in the case with metallicity Z = 10−2 Z⊙ is stronger than in the case with Z ∼ 1 Z⊙. With decreasing metallicity, the radiation-pressure effect becomes weaker, but photoionization heating of the circumstellar gas is more efficient owing to the reduced dust attenuation. In the case with Z = 10−2 Z⊙, the central star grows as massive as 200 solar masses, similarly to the case of primordial star formation. We conclude that metal-poor stars with a few hundred solar masses can be formed by gas accretion despite the strong radiative feedback.
Synergic toxic effects of food contaminant mixtures in human cells
Authors: Kopp Benjamin , Sanders Pascal , Alassane-Kpembi Imourana , Fessard Valérie , Zalko Daniel , Le Hégarat Ludovic , Audebert Marc 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Humans are exposed to multiple exogenous substances, notably through food consumption. Many of these compounds are suspected to impact human health, and their combination could exacerbate their harmful effects. We previously observed in human cells that, among the six most prevalent food contaminant complex mixtures identified in the French diet, synergistic interactions between component appeared in two mixtures compared with the response with the chemicals alone. In the present study, we demonstrated in human cells that these properties are driven only by two heavy metals in each mixture: tellurium (Te) with cadmium (Cd) and Cd with inorganic arsenic (As), respectively. It appeared that the predicted effects for these binary mixtures using the mathematical model of Chou and Talalay confirmed synergism between these heavy metals. Based on different cell biology experiments (cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, mutagenesis and DNA repair inhibition experiments), a detailed mechanistic analysis of these two mixtures suggests that concomitant induction of oxidative DNA damage and decrease of their repair capacity contribute to the synergistic toxic effect of these chemical mixtures. Overall, these results may have broad implications for the fields of environmental toxicology and chemical mixture risk assessment.
An NMR-based approach reveals the core structure of the functional domain of SINEUP lncRNAs
Authors: Ohyama Takako , Takahashi Hazuki , Sharma Harshita , Yamazaki Toshio , Gustincich Stefano , Ishii Yoshitaka , Carninci Piero 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are attracting widespread attention for their emerging regulatory, transcriptional, epigenetic, structural and various other functions. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis has revealed that retrotransposon elements (REs) are transcribed and enriched in lncRNA sequences. However, the functions of lncRNAs and the molecular roles of the embedded REs are largely unknown. The secondary and tertiary structures of lncRNAs and their embedded REs are likely to have essential functional roles, but experimental determination and reliable computational prediction of large RNA structures have been extremely challenging. We report here the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based secondary structure determination of the 167-nt inverted short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) B2, which is embedded in antisense Uchl1 lncRNA and upregulates the translation of sense Uchl1 mRNAs. By using NMR ‘fingerprints’ as a sensitive probe in the domain survey, we successfully divided the full-length inverted SINE B2 into minimal units made of two discrete structured domains and one dynamic domain without altering their original structures after careful boundary adjustments. This approach allowed us to identify a structured domain in nucleotides 31–119 of the inverted SINE B2. This approach will be applicable to determining the structures of other regulatory lncRNAs.
Biochemical and structural basis for YTH domain of human YTHDC1 binding to methylated adenine in DNA
Authors: Woodcock Clayton B , Horton John R , Zhou Jujun , Bedford Mark T , Blumenthal Robert M , Zhang Xing , Cheng Xiaodong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The recently characterized mammalian writer (methyltransferase) and eraser (demethylase) of the DNA N6-methyladenine (N6mA) methyl mark act on single-stranded (ss) and transiently-unpaired DNA. As YTH domain-containing proteins bind N6mA-containing RNA in mammalian cells, we investigated whether mammalian YTH domains are also methyl mark readers of N6mA DNA. Here, we show that the YTH domain of YTHDC1 (known to localize in the nucleus) binds ssDNA containing N6mA, with a 10 nM dissociation constant. This binding is stronger by a factor of 5 than in an RNA context, tested under the same conditions. However, the YTH domains of YTHDF2 and YTHDF1 (predominantly cytoplasmic) exhibited the opposite effect with ∼1.5–2× stronger binding to ssRNA containing N6mA than to the corresponding DNA. We determined two structures of the YTH domain of YTHDC1 in complex with N6mA-containing ssDNA, which illustrated that YTHDC1 binds the methylated adenine in a single-stranded region flanked by duplexed DNA. We discuss the hypothesis that the writer-reader-eraser of N6mA-containining ssDNA is associated with maintaining genome stability. Structural comparison of YTH and SRA domains (the latter a DNA 5-methylcytosine reader) revealed them to be diverse members of a larger family of DNA/RNA modification readers, apparently having originated from bacterial modification-dependent restriction enzymes.
Parvovirus B19-Infected Tubulointerstitial Nephritis in Hereditary Spherocytosis
Authors: Nishiyama Kei , Watanabe Yuka , Ishimura Masataka , Tetsuhara Kenichi , Imai Takashi , Kanemasa Hikaru , Ueki Kenji , Motomura Yoshitomo , Kaku Noriyuki , Sakai Yasunari , Imadome Ken-Ichi , Ohga Shouichi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) causes glomerulopathy or microangiopathy, but not tubulopathy. We experienced an 11-year-old girl with spherocytosis who developed acute kidney injury on a primary infection of B19V. She presented with anuria, encephalopathy, thrombocytopenia, and coagulopathy, along with no apparent aplastic crisis.

Methods
Continuous hemodiafiltration, immunoglobulin, and intensive therapies led to a cure.

Results
A kidney biopsy resulted in a histopathological diagnosis of tubulointerstitial nephritis without immune deposits. The virus capsid protein was limitedly expressed in the tubular epithelial cells with infiltrating CD8-positive cells.

Conclusions
Viral and histopathological analyses first demonstrated B19-infected tubulointerstitial nephritis due to the aberrant viremia with hereditary spherocytosis.
Complex scaling: Physics of unbound light nuclei and perspective
Authors: Myo Takayuki , Katō Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The complex scaling method (CSM) is one of the most powerful methods of describing the resonances with complex energy eigenstates based on non-Hermitian quantum mechanics. We present the basic application of CSM to the properties of the unbound phenomena of light nuclei. In particular, we focus on many-body resonant and non-resonant continuum states observed in unstable nuclei. We also investigate the continuum level density (CLD) in the scattering problem in terms of the Green’s function with CSM. We discuss the explicit effects of resonant and non-resonant contributions in CLD and transition strength functions.
More music, more health!
Authors: Raglio Alfredo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
For several decades, music has been used more and more frequently and consciously as a mean of care to reduce or stabilize symptoms and/or complications arising therefrom. This has been the case with several diseases and conditions. Indeed, music also gives pleasure, promotes well-being, facilitates the expression and regulation of emotions and improves communication and relationships between individuals. The basis underlying the therapeutic potential of music are to be considered in relation to the extensive action that music itself exerts on the brain but also on vital signs and neurochemical systems. Music therapy interventions are based on active/receptive approaches (characterized by a relational or rehabilitative component) but also on music listening. Music-based interventions can be considered activities aimed at increasing the person's well-being. The objectives of making/listening to music are to improve the person's mood and motivation, promote socialization and stimulate sensory, motor and cognitive aspects. In particular, music listening effects concern structured symptoms and general well-being reducing anxiety and stress. New technologies, such as algorithmic music and machine learning techniques, can also help to develop therapeutic interventions with music and to bring art and science closer together, in the service of medicine, in clinical work and in research.
Treatment targets in SLE: remission and low disease activity state
Authors: Golder Vera , Tsang-A-Sjoe Michel W P 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Treat-to-target strategies have changed the approach to management of many chronic conditions, with improvements in patient outcomes. The key to success of treat to target is the availability of validated treatment endpoints, which have been difficult to derive for SLE, a condition notorious for its heterogeneity. This review will focus on the development and validation of the definitions of remission in SLE framework and the lupus low disease activity state. Lupus low disease activity state is more attainable than remission, with a stepwise concentric relationship between the target states indicating increasing stringency. Both lupus low disease activity state and definitions of remission in SLE remission have been proven to be associated with reduction in disease flares, reduced risk of accrual of irreversible end organ damage, and improvement in patient reported outcomes. These endpoints have therefore provided the key for the development of a treat-to-target approach in clinical practice in SLE and for the design of future clinical trials.
Comparing two measures of sleep depth/intensity
Authors: Younes Magdy , Schweitzer Paula K , Griffin Kara S , Balshaw Robert , Walsh James K 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
To compare delta spectral power (delta) and odds ratio product (ORP) as measures of sleep depth during sleep restriction with placebo or a drug that increases delta.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of data from a study of 41 healthy participants randomized to receive placebo or gaboxadol 15 mg during sleep restriction. Participants underwent in-laboratory sleep studies on two baseline, four sleep restriction (5-h), and two recovery nights. Relation between delta or ORP and sleep depth was operationally defined as the degree of association of each metric to the probability of arousal or awakening occurring during the next 30 s (arousability).

Results
ORP values in wake, N1, N2, N3, and REM were significantly different. Delta differed between both N2 and N3 and other sleep stages but not between wake and N1 or N1 and REM. Epoch-by-epoch and individual correlations between ORP and delta power were modest or insignificant. The relation between ORP and arousability was linear across the entire ORP range. Delta also changed with arousability but only when delta values were less than 300 μV2. Receiver-operating-characteristic analysis found the ability to predict imminent arousal to be significantly greater with ORP than with log delta power for all experimental conditions. Changes in ORP, but not log delta, across the night correlated with next-day physiologic sleep tendency.

Conclusions
Compared to delta power, ORP is more discriminating among sleep stages, more sensitive to sleep restriction, and more closely associated with arousability. This evidence supports ORP as a measure of sleep depth/intensity.
Interpretive Principles in Reading the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009
Authors: Chandra Sushant 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 (hereinafter referred to as RTE Act) enacted by the Indian Parliament in 2009 has been a kernel of constitutional controversies. There are spate of controversies emerging from polemical provisions under the RTE Act. In this article, the rabid principle slating out free education for children for economically weaker section and disadvantaged category has been dissected in its design, content, function, and perception. The first part of the article explores different state-private welfare function models and locates the 25 per cent reservation clause under the gamut of one of its classifications. The second part of the article evaluates the Formalist and Realist arguments, and while mapping the role played by objective purpose of the education statute, it argues for the suitability of Holmesian approach to interpreting the 25 per cent reservation clause. In the backdrop of the debate between formal interpretation and Holmesian interpretation, the third part of the article sets out the approaches adopted by different High Courts in interpreting 25 per cent reservation clause and argues for adopting a coherent approach across different courts in India. The final part of the article concludes.
Acute and sub-chronic (28-day) oral toxicity profiles of newly synthesized prebiotic butyl-fructooligosaccharide in ICR mouse and Wistar rat models
Authors: Kang Sini , Johnston Tony V , Ku Seockmo , Ji Geun Eog 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
B-FOS (butyl-fructooligosaccharide) is a newly synthesized prebiotic molecule, formed by the combination of FOS and butyrate by ester bonds. B-FOS has been reported to have the potential prebiotic effect of promoting intestinal flora diversity and enhancing butyrate production. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential acute and sub-chronic toxicity of B-FOS in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice and Wistar rats to verify its biosafety. ICR mice were administered a single oral gavage of B-FOS at doses of 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg body weight and observed for signs of acute toxicity for 14 days. Sub-chronic toxicity was evaluated by repeated oral administration of B-FOS at 2000 mg/kg for 28 days, in accordance with Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) protocol test numbers 420 and 407. No mortality or abnormal clinical signs were observed during the experimental periods after B-FOS administration. Furthermore, no significant changes in body weight, organ weight, serum biochemical parameters, or tissue histology were observed after animal sacrifice. These in vivo results indicate that B-FOS does not exert any acute or sub-chronic toxicity at a dose of 2000 mg/kg, and this novel molecule can be regarded as a safe prebiotic substance for use in the food and nutraceutical industries.
3-2EXTRACRANIAL ARTERIAL PLAQUE CHARACTERISTICS IN ISCHEMIC STROKE PATIENTS AT DR. M.DJAMIL HOSPITAL 2019
Authors: Sutia Dedi , Indra Syarif , Busra Yoga Setia K Meldayeni 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
Atherosclerosis in carotid arteries cause more than 80% cerebral thromboembolism cases. One of the diagnostic modalities to evaluate the plaque's characteristics is using duplex carotid ultrasonography. In general, the risk of stroke depends on the degree of stenosis, surface, and morphology of formed plaque.

Objective:
This study aims to determine the characteristics of extracranial arterial plaque in ischemic stroke patients.

Method:
This study uses a descriptive design. The data was secondary data obtained from the Neurology Department of RSUP Dr. M. Djamil, Padang medical records from January to December 2019.

Results:
From 140 ischemic stroke patients who underwent duplex carotid ultrasonography, extracranial carotid artery stenosis was found in 30 patients (21%) consist of 17 males (56%). Most patients (80%) are in 45–65 years age group. The mean age is 46 years. Right carotid artery stenosis was found in 18 patients (60%) and left in 12 patients (40%). The degree of stenosis <50% and 50–70% were obtained in 12 patients (40%), respectively, and the degree of stenosis > 70% were obtained in 6 patients (20%). Based on plaque morphology, the soft plaque was found in 18 patients (60%), and a hard plaque was found in 12 patients (40%). Ulcerative plaques were obtained in 17 patients (57%) and non-ulserative in 13 patients (43%).

Conclusion:
Extracranial artery stenosis is more common in men with 45–65 years of group age. The location of stenosis is more often found in the right carotid artery. The most common degree of stenosis is <70%. Most of the plaque has soft plaque morphology, and the surface has of ulcerated plaque morphology.