bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Web-Based Investor Fear Gauge and Stock Market Volatility: An Emerging Market Perspective
Authors: Graham Michael , Nikkinen Jussi , Peltomäki Jarkko 
Published: December 2019

This article considers web-based global investors’ crash fears as a gauge of global investors’ fears, and examines its effect on stock market volatility in a sample of emerging stock markets. We show that an increase in global investors’ crash fears significantly affects the volatility of stock index returns in emerging markets. The results are robust to the inclusion of the conventional investor sentiment/fear gauge measure, VIX. Thus broadening the set of measures of global investors’ fears is important when explaining emerging market volatilities. JEL Classification: F30, G11, G15
The first national data of Turkish pre-hospital emergency care for children: Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes
Authors: Turan Caner , Saz Eylem Ulas , Anil Murat , Bal Alkan , Gokalp Gamze , Yilmaz Hayri Levent , Sari Gokay Sinem , Celik Tugce , Tuygun Nilden , Akca Halise , Tekin Deniz , Oguz Sinan , Celik Tanju , Teksam Ozlem , Keser Ayşe Gultekingil , Besli Gulser Esen , Duman Murat , Yurtseven Ali 
Published: December 2019

Background and Objectives: The emergency medical service system is designed to ensure rapid identification and transport of patients from the field to emergency departments. This study aims to examine pediatric patients’ clinical characteristics and reasons for ambulance use in Turkey. Life-saving interventions and non-life-saving interventions performed during transport and patients’ outcomes following transport were also investigated. Methods: This is a prospective-multicentric study conducted at four metropolitan cities and nine tertiary pediatric emergency departments. This survey-based study evaluated all children brought by ambulance to emergency departments. Patient demographics, clinical features, triage levels, procedures performed in the ambulance or emergency department, and final outcomes were sought. Results: A total of 2094 patients were transported during the study period. Only a minority of ambulances were physician staffed (16.5%), and 72% of the patients were delivered to pediatric emergency departments without notification calls. Although notification calls were more likely given for particularly critically ill children, for non-urgent conditions transfer calls were less common (60.8% vs 23.5%, respectively; p < 0.001). A majority of transports were performed for trauma patients (20.5%), neurological issues (20%), and toxicological emergencies (13.8%). While parents prefer using the ambulances for medical emergencies, physicians prefer it for mainly traumatic and toxicological emergencies. In total, 65% of the patients received at least one intervention, and 18 patients needed immediate life-saving interventions (intubation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, etc.) but they did not receive it. Mortality occurred in nine patients. If the health care providers were paramedics, they were more likely avoided by performing any intervention in critically ill children ( p < 0.001). A majority of the procedures performed in children were older than 12 months ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study presents comprehensive epidemiological and outcome data for pediatric patients transported by the national emergency medical service system in Turkey. Non-urgent calls were more likely made by parents, physicians avoided making NCs, and paramedics also avoided performing any intervention when they were transporting children.
The Evolution of Simulation-Based Learning Across the Disciplines, 1965–2018: A Science Map of the Literature
Authors: Hallinger Philip , Wang Ray 
Published: December 2019

Background. Simulation-based learning (SBL) has been applied and studied in educational settings for at least six decades. While numerous reviews of research have been conducted from different perspectives, none to date have used bibliometric methods to analyze the evolution of simulation-based learning as a ‘knowledge base’. Aim. The review sought to document the growth and geographic distribution of research on SBL. In addition, the review aimed to identify key authors and documents, and analyze the intellectual structure of this knowledge base. Finally, the review highlighted emerging topics in this literature. Method. The authors identified 2,812 Scopus-indexed SBL documents published between 1965 and 2018. Bibliographic data were exported from Scopus and analyzed using VOSviewer software. Analyses included descriptive statistics, citation and co-citation analysis, and keyword co-occurrence analysis. Results. The review found a rapidly increasing publication trajectory with 90% of the literature published since 2000. Although SBL studies have been authored in 94 different countries, the literature is concentrated in Anglo-American-European societies. The review found that the intellectual structure of this knowledge base is comprised of four schools of thought encompassing research on SBL in management education, medical education, technology-enhanced SBL, and learning theories in SBL. Another notable finding was that SBL researchers in medical and management education have progressed on parallel tracks leading to the balkanization on knowledge. Surprisingly, the conceptual core of the field is located in the school of thought associated with learning theories in SBL. This implies that SBL is a subfield of education rather than a discipline in and of itself. Emerging topics that have attracted scholars writing on SBL in recent years are identified and implications for future research discussed.
Evaluation of Hindfoot Alignment After Fixed- and Mobile-Bearing Total Ankle Prostheses
Authors: Usuelli Federico G. , Maccario Camilla , Indino Cristian , Manzi Luigi , Romano Fausto , Gross Christopher E. 
Published: December 2019

Background: End-stage ankle arthritis can involve malalignment of the ankle in both the coronal and sagittal planes. Up to 33% to 44% of patients who present for total ankle replacement (TAR) have greater than 10° of coronal plane deformity. Normalization of the sagittal and coronal alignment is key in improving survivorship and functional outcomes in TAR. In the present study, we analyzed how both the ankle and hindfoot alignment for both a fixed-bearing and mobile-bearing TAR system changed over time. Specifically, we measured coronal and sagittal alignment of both the ankle and hindfoot complex. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 2 independent groups of patients undergoing 2 different systems for total ankle replacement: Zimmer (lateral approach, fixed-bearing) and Hintegra (anterior approach, mobile bearing). Specific demographic data and radiographic data were measured. Within-group comparisons were performed using 1-way repeated measures ANOVA, analyzing the temporal course of clinical data within the Hintegra and Zimmer groups. Results: At the ankle joint, as measured by the α and β angles ( P > .05), the position of the components remained relatively similar in both the fixed- and mobile-bearing TAR at 24-month follow-up. The sagittal alignment, as measured by the TT (tibiotalar) ratio, demonstrated a posterior shifting of the talus in the mobile bearing group ( P = .036). Although the fixed- and mobile-bearing TAR had both significant hindfoot alignment improvement between the preoperative radiographs and at 24 months, over time, the fixed-bearing ankle had a significant increase in both the hindfoot alignment view angle and hindfoot alignment distance ( P < .001), suggesting a possible dynamism of the hindfoot in the fixed-bearing TAR. Conclusion: The lateral-approach fixed and anterior approach mobile-bearing implants maintained coronal and sagittal alignment in the short term; the temporal course of the lateral approach fixed-bearing ankle showed an increase in the valgus positioning of the hindfoot. The anterior approach mobile-bearing implant maintained its hindfoot alignment over the course of the study. Level of Evidence: Level III, case-control study.
Relationship of Preoperative Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) to Postoperative Success in End-Stage Ankle Arthritis
Authors: Waly Feras J. , Yeo Eng Meng Nicholas , Wing Kevin J. , Penner Murray J. , Veljkovic Andrea , Younger Alastair S. E. 
Published: December 2019

Background: Ankle osteoarthritis is a significant cause of pain and disability. Despite the effectiveness of treatments, a subset of patients remains with persistent pain and functional limitations. The purpose of this study was to use preoperative patient-reported outcome measures to predict which ankle osteoarthritis patients would be most likely to experience postoperative improvements in functional outcomes. Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was used to evaluate 427 patients with end-stage ankle arthritis with 5-year follow-up. Demographics, comorbidities, Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale (AOS), Ankle Arthritis Score (AAS), and the physical and mental component scores of the Short Form–36 (SF-36 Physical Components Score [PCS] and Mental Components Score [MCS]) were collected. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was then calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to choose the optimal threshold values of preoperative patient-reported outcome measure and assess the prediction performance. Results: Patients who scored worst at preoperative baseline made the greatest gains in function and pain relief, and they had a high chance of achieving MCID following surgical treatment. ROC curves demonstrated that preoperative AOS, AAS, and SF-36 PCS and MCS scores were predictive of postoperative improvements in physical and mental function. Patients with preoperative AOS score above 45.7 had an 83% probability of achieving an MCID (AUC = 0.67). Similarly, patients with a preoperative AAS score above 25.7 had a 78% probability of achieving an MCID (AUC = 0.63). Patients with a preoperative SF-36 PCS score below 31 had a 62% probability of achieving an MCID (AUC = 0.64). Patients with a preoperative SF-36 MCS below 52.7 had a 47% probability of achieving an MCID (AUC = 0.89). MCIDs for AOS, AAS, SF3-36 PCS, and SF-36 MCS score changes were 12.4, 10.0, 6.43, and 8.1, respectively. Conclusion: Preoperative patient-reported outcomes measures could predict postoperative improvement in ankle arthritis patients. The results of this study may be used to facilitate discussion between physicians and patients regarding the expected benefit of surgery. Level of Evidence: Level III, prognostic comparative study.
Disinfectant potential in inactivation of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis-related adenoviruses by potassium peroxymonosulfate
Authors: Hashizume Mei , Aoki Koki , Ohno Shigeaki , Kitaichi Nobuyoshi , Yawata Nobuyo , Gonzalez Gabriel , Nonaka Hirotaka , Sato Seiichi , Takaoka Akinori 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to test the antiviral effectivity of potassium peroxymonosulfate (RUBYSTA®, KYORIN) against five epidemic keratoconjunctivitis-related types of Human adenovirus D in vitro. Methods: Five types of Human adenovirus D (8, 37, 53, 54 and 56) were incubated with 1% potassium peroxymonosulfate, 0.1% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) or alcohol-based disinfectant for 30 s or 1 min. These solutions were subjected to measurements of viral titres by infection assays in A549 cells. At day 6 post-infection, both, supernatants and cells, were collected and the viral genome was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results: Treatments with 1% potassium peroxymonosulfate led to significant reduction in all tested Human adenovirus D types comparable to disinfecting effects by 0.1% NaClO. Overall, potassium peroxymonosulfate demonstrated sufficient inactivation of the major epidemic keratoconjunctivitis-causing Human adenovirus D to be considered for disinfection and prevention purposes in ophthalmological clinics and hospitals. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that potassium peroxymonosulfate is a promising disinfectant for the prevention of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis nosocomial infections in ophthalmological clinics.
Treatment of submacular hemorrhage with tissue plasminogen activator and pneumatic displacement in age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Sniatecki Jan Janusz , Ho-Yen Gregory , Clarke Benjamin , Barbara Ramez , Lash Stephen , Papathomas Thomas , Antonakis Serafeim , Gupta Bhaskar 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: To evaluate visual and anatomic outcomes following pars plana vitrectomy and intravitreal or subretinal tissue plasminogen activator for submacular hemorrhage in patients with age-related macular degeneration. Methods: This was a retrospective study on patients with a minimum follow-up of 12 months undertaken at a tertiary referral center. Data collected include demographic details, visual and optical coherence tomography changes, surgical details, and complications. Surgical results were compared with patients who were age and lesion size matched and treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections alone. Results: There were 36 patients in surgical and 18 patients in control group. Patients in surgical arm had pars plana vitrectomy, intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator with air 24 (67%), 6 (16%) with C3F8 gas, 1 (3%) with SF6 gas, 4 (11%) subretinal tissue plasminogen activator with air, and 1 (3%) with C2F6 as post-operative tamponade. Mean LogMAR in tissue plasminogen activator group at baseline was 1.56, and it was improved at all time points 1.06 at 1 month (p < 0.05), 0.91 at 6 months (p < 0.05), and 1.07 at 1 year (p < 0.05). Mean best corrected visual acuity in control group at baseline was 1.22LogMAR with no significant improvement at any time points: 1 month (1.27), 6 months (1.35), and 12 months (1.36). Complications included retinal detachment 5%, vitreous hemorrhage 7.5%, and cataract 19%. Conclusion: Pars plana vitrectomy with intravitreal (or subretinal) tissue plasminogen activator and pneumatic displacement can offer better outcome in comparison to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor alone in patients with submacular hemorrhage secondary to age-related macular degeneration.
Risk factors for early flap misalignment following microkeratome-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis: A retrospective large database analysis
Authors: Friehmann Asaf , Mimouni Michael , Assad Negme , Rabina Gilad , Spierer Oriel , Nemet Achia , Kaiserman Igor 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: To determine factors associated with early flap misalignment following microkeratome-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included the right eyes of consecutive patients who underwent laser in situ keratomileusis procedure between 2005 and 2016 at Care-Vision Laser Centers, Tel-Aviv, Israel. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether or not they subsequently developed early flap misalignment. Results: A total of 14,582 eyes (mean age of patients: 32.4 ± 10.3 years) were included. Post-laser in situ keratomileusis early flap misalignment developed in 158 eyes (1.1%). Misalignment was more frequent during the spring (32.3% vs 22.8%, p = 0.003) and in a higher operating room temperature (23.34 ± 1.06 vs 22.98 ± 1.26, p < 0.001). In addition, in the misalignment group, there was a higher rate with the of use of the a Moria M2 microkeratome (rather than sub-Bowman’s keratomileusis microkeratome) head (55.2% vs 40.5%, respectively, p < 0.001). In a multivariable analysis adjusted for surgeon and year of surgery, high operating room temperature (odds ratio = 1.22, p = 0.006), treatment zone of 9.0 mm (as opposed to smaller treatment zones, odds ratio = 1.54, p = 0.04), and springtime (odds ratio = 1.58, p = 0.02) were associated with flap misalignment. There was a significant difference in misalignment rates between surgeons (p = 0.02). Conclusion: This study found that larger treatment zones, higher operating room temperature, operating during the spring, and the use of Moria M2 microkeratome were associated with increased flap misalignment rates. The association with operating room temperature and seasonal variation is of interest and merits further research.
Focal choroidal excavation and pitchfork sign in choroidal neovascularisation associated with choroidal osteoma
Authors: Rajabian Firuzeh , Arrigo Alessandro , Grazioli Alessio , Sperti Andrea , Bandello Francesco , Battaglia Parodi Maurizio 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: To describe a complex case of choroidal osteoma complicated by choroidal neovascularisation and focal choroidal excavation and presence of pitchfork sign. Methods: A young female patient with confirmed diagnosis of choroidal osteoma was followed up for 5 years. Multimodal imaging including optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography (Spectralis HRA + OCT; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) was performed. Results: Optical coherence tomography showed the presence of a unilateral choroidal osteoma in the first visit which was later followed by the appearance of focal choroidal excavation. After 3 years, choroidal neovascularisation developed in choroidal osteoma area, with subretinal fluid, subretinal hyper-reflective material, hyper-reflective foci and pitchfork sign. Decalcification of the tumour was not noted in this patient. Treatment with one intravitreal injection of Aflibercept resulted in complete disappearance of subretinal fluid, subretinal hyper-reflective material, pitchfork sign and decreased hyper-reflective foci. Conclusion: Inflammatory response can be a propulsive element in the development of focal choroidal excavation and choroidal neovascularisation in choroidal osteoma patients.
Effects of dual blockade in heart failure and renal dysfunction: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Silva Alessandra Rodrigues , Martini Alexandre Goes , Canto Graziela De Luca , Guerra Eliete Neves da Silva , Neves Francisco de Assis Rocha 
Published: December 2019

Objective: The effect of dual renin–angiotensin system (RAS) inhibition in heart failure (HF) is still controversial. Systematic reviews have shown that dual RAS blockade may reduce mortality and hospitalizations, yet it has been associated with the increased risk of renal dysfunction (RD). Surprisingly, although RD in patients with HF is frequent, the effect of combining RAS inhibitors in HF patients with RD has never been studied in a meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials involving HF patients with RD who received dual blockade analyzing death, cardiovascular (CV) death or HF hospitalization, and adverse events. Results: Out of 2258 screened articles, 12 studies were included (34,131 patients). Compared with monotherapy, dual RAS inhibition reduced hazard ratio of death to 0.94 ( p=0.07) and significantly reduced CV death or HF hospitalization to 0.89 ( p=0.0006) in all individuals, and to 0.86 ( p=0.005) in patients with RD and to 0.91 ( p=0.04) without RD. Nevertheless, dual RAS blockade significantly increased the risk of renal impairment (40%), hyperkalemia (44%), and hypotension (42%), although discontinuation of treatment occurs only in 3.68% versus 2.19% ( p=0.00001). Conclusions: Dual RAS inhibition therapy reduces the risk of CV death or HF hospitalization. However, cautions monitoring for specific adverse events may be warranted.
Types and prevalence of adverse events among obstetric clients hospitalized in a secondary healthcare facility in Ghana
Authors: Otchi Elom-Hilary , Esena Reuben K , Srofenyoh Emmanuel K , Marfo Kissinger , Agbeno Evans Kofi , Asah-Opoku Kwaku , Ken-Amoah Sebastian , Ameh Emmanuel Ogbada , Beyuo Titus , Oduro Frederick 
Published: December 2019

Objective The main objective of this study was to determine the types and prevalence of adverse events among obstetric clients hospitalized in a secondary health facility in Ghana. Design A retrospective study that reviewed medical records of obstetric clients on admission at the Obstetrics Unit of a secondary healthcare facility in Ghana. Setting Clinical environment. The study site is the third largest health facility in Ghana that provides maternity services and serves as the major referral facility for Greater Accra Region, the capital of Ghana. About 41% (4676) of its total antenatal cases (11,406) in 2015 were referrals from other facilities in Ghana. The medical records were reviewed retrospectively from 1 January to 31 December 2015. A four-stage review process was used: the first and second stages (by nurse/midwife reviewers) involved the identification and exclusion of records that had a length of stay less than 24 h and inadequate documentation; and were unlikely to include an adverse event. The third stage by obstetrician gynaecologist reviewers included a full review of all the positive trigger folders to determine the types, causes and degree of preventability of the adverse events. The fourth stage involved an independent obstetrician gynaecologist review of all records that had discrepancies. Details of the review process are presented in the figure. Participants Obstetric clients (i.e. pregnant women at any stage of gestation or less than 5 days after delivery who were attended to at the hospital). About a third (1402, 49.3%) met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Main outcome measures The main outcome measure for this study was the prevalence of adverse events among hospitalized obstetric clients. Results The prevalence of adverse events was 12% (168) out of 1402 records reviewed. The mean maternal age of the clients was 30.0 ± 5.8 years. Among these, the greatest proportion of adverse events was related to surgical interventions (66.3%) and the smallest were related to patient care (0.7%). Conclusions This study has provided the first documented prevalence (12.0%) and types of adverse events among hospitalized obstetric clients in a secondary health facility in Ghana. It provides a preliminary baseline for the burden of adverse events among the obstetric population in Ghana.
Revisiting Juvenile Justice with Victim Lens
Authors: Mishra Neha 
Published: December 2019

Juvenile offenders also remain victims of multifaceted and complex social needs, and hence termed as children in conflict with law in India. Statistically, juvenile offending as well as juvenile victimization continues to be a persistent problem too. Children being in their vulnerable age in both scenarios of offending or being victims can have long-lasting impact; consequently, emphasis on developmental victimology becomes essential and unavoidable in a structured and safe setting. The dynamics that may place a child to come in conflict with law can also place a child at risk of being a victim. Juvenile crime victimization, therefore, needs a relook towards their intertwined relationship without excluding the other. Around various jurisdictions, victimology has been given a vital role within the juvenile justice (JJ) system, namely circle sentencing, victim–offender mediation and reconciliation programmes, wherein all stakeholders including the victim move towards a collective satisfaction. Through the present study, the effort would be placed on answering the viability of victim-based approach in JJ: Whether in the absence of a safe structured setting such reconciliation and mediation programmes can prove effective towards restoration? How victim-based justice can be included in cases of violent or serious and heinous offences?