bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of pre-treatment routine hematological parameters in breast carcinoma: Advantageous or deleterious?
Authors: Shilpa Manigatta Doddagowda , Kalyani Raju , Sreeramulu P N 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The most common malignancy which endangers the quality of life in females is breast cancer. It is also the major public problem in society and despite advances in treatment strategies, it still leads to high mortality. In all breast cancer patients, the first assessment done before surgery is the complete blood count (CBC). There exists a strong relationship between immune response of the body and clinical staging of breast cancer. This study aimed to determine the most reliable hematological markers for the prognosis of breast cancer, and to evaluate the correlation between hematological parameters and disease staging.
Methods: This study was a case control study conducted for a period of 3 years from Jan 2016 to December 2018 in the Department of Pathology (R.L. hospital and Research Center attached to Sri Devaraj Urs medical college, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka). The comparison of the hematological parameters was done between the study group (70 cases) and the control group (20 cases). The relation between the hematological parameters and the various stages of breast cancer was analyzed before initiating the treatment.
Results: The majority of the breast cancer patients were of stage 2. The hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell (RBC) count, lymphocyte count, and were reduced in the study group, with a significant difference (p < 0.05) when compared to the controls. Hemoglobin concentration, RBC count, hematocrit, white blood cell (WBC) count, and absolute lymphocyte count were inversely proportional to the stage of breast cancer. The absolute count, ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were directly proportional to the progression of disease.
Conclusion: Hemoglobin, RBC count, WBC count (including differential count), NLR, and PLR are the key hematological indicators which predict the severity and mortality risk of breast carcinoma.
The Colorado Hospitals Substance Exposed Newborn Quality Improvement Collaborative: Standardization of Care for Opioid-Exposed Newborns Shortens Length of Stay and Reduces Number of Infants Requiring Opiate Therapy
Authors: Hwang Sunah S. , Weikel Blair , Adams Jillian , Bourque Stephanie L. , Cabrera Jaime , Griffith Nancy , Hall Anne M. , Scott Jessica , Smith Danielle , Wheeler Colleen , Woodard Jade , Wymore Erica 
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVES:
To decrease the average length of stay (LOS) of opioid-exposed newborns (OENs) by 20% from baseline from April 2017 to December 2019.

METHODS:
The Colorado Hospitals Substance Exposed Newborn Quality Improvement Collaborative is a consortium of neonatal providers, public health experts, and legislative experts that provides infrastructure and resources for Colorado birthing hospitals to undertake initiatives focused on improving the care of OENs. The Colorado Hospitals Substance Exposed Newborn Quality Improvement Collaborative was started in September 2017 and includes 19 birthing hospitals in Colorado, with 12 contributing data to the centralized database. The interventions were focused on (1) hospital engagement and (2) increasing nonpharmacologic care (by using the Eat, Sleep, Console assessment tool; developing guidelines for breastfeeding eligibility; employing comfort measures before pharmacologic therapy; and administering opiate therapy on an as-needed basis).

RESULTS:
From April 2017 to December 2019, 787 OENs were identified. Among infants ≥35 weeks’ gestational age without other medical diagnoses (n = 647), statistical process control charts revealed significant reduction in the primary outcome of interest, average hospital LOS, from 14.8 to 5.9 days. For all OENs, receipt of pharmacologic therapy declined from 61% to 23%. Among OENs who received pharmacologic therapy (and were ≥35 weeks’ gestational age without other medical diagnoses), average LOS also declined from 21.9 to 8.0 days.

CONCLUSIONS:
Through standardization of OEN care focused on family engagement and nonpharmacologic care, this statewide collaborative reduced average LOS, the percentage of OENs requiring opiate therapy, and average LOS for OENs requiring opiate therapy.
COVID-19 Racism and Mental Health in Chinese American Families
Authors: Cheah Charissa S.L. , Wang Cixin , Ren Huiguang , Zong Xiaoli , Cho Hyun Su , Xue Xiaofang 
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVES:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has fueled xenophobia against Chinese Americans. We examined the rates of 6 types of COVID-19 racism and racial discrimination experienced by Chinese American parents and youth and the associations with their mental health.

METHODS:
We recruited a population-based sample of Chinese American families to participate in this self-reported survey study conducted from March 14, 2020, to May 31, 2020. Eligible parent participants identified as ethnically/racially Chinese, lived in the United States, and had a 4- to 18-year-old child; their eligible children were 10 to 18 years old.

RESULTS:
The sample included 543 Chinese American parents (mean [SD] age, 43.44 [6.47] years; 425 mothers [78.3%]), and their children (N = 230; mean [SD] age, 13.83 [2.53] years; 111 girls [48.3%]). Nearly half of parents and youth reported being directly targeted by COVID-19 racial discrimination online (parents: 172 [31.7%]; youth: 105 [45.7%]) and/or in person (parents: 276 [50.9%]; youth: 115 [50.2%]). A total of 417 (76.8%) parents and 176 (76.5%) youth reported at least 1 incident of COVID-19 vicarious racial discrimination online and/or in person (parents: 481 [88.5%]; youth: 211 [91.9%]). A total of 267 (49.1%) parents and 164 (71.1%) youth perceived health-related Sinophobia in America, and 274 (50.4%) parents and 129 (56.0%) youth perceived media-perpetuated Sinophobia. Higher levels of parent- and youth-perceived racism and racial discrimination were associated with their poorer mental health.

CONCLUSIONS:
Health care professionals must attend to the racism-related experiences and mental health needs of Chinese Americans parents and their children throughout the COVID-19 pandemic via education and making appropriate mental health referrals.
PANORAMA OF ORTHODONTICS AFTER COVID-19: A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Cavalcanti Pires Andressa , Ximenes de Souza Smyrna Luiza , Leite Cavalcanti Alessandro 
Published: September 2020

A new Coronavirus (2019-nCov, renamed SARS-CoV-2) was identified in the Chinese city of Wuhan in late 2019, and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, on March 11, 2020. As it is a highly infectious disease, major regional and national changes have been made, social isolation was recommended, which led to the interruption of various services, including elective dental treatments. This review aimed to identify the changes that occurred in the post-COVID-19 orthodontic practice scenario. For such, a search was made for articles published in the bibliographic bases PubMed, Scopus and SciELO, using the keywords “Orthodontics” and “Covid-19”. From the eligibility criteria, 11 articles were selected for analysis. It was found that social isolation impacted the scheduling of orthodontic appointments and patient’s anxiety about the duration of treatments. The use of teleodontology proved to be an ally in screening and in patient care. Preventive infection control must be adopted for safe orthodontic practice.
A New Ground-Motion Prediction Equation of Japanese Instrumental Seismic Intensities Reflecting Source Type Characteristics in Japan
Authors: Matsu’ura Ritsuko S. , Tanaka Hiroto , Furumura Mitsuko , Takahama Tsutomu , Noda Akemi 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
A new equation for predicting Japanese instrumental seismic intensities at arbitrary surface sites in Japan for Mw 5.4–8.7 and distances ranging from 10 to 1000 km was derived from approximately 30,000 observed intensities for various types of earthquakes. The equation incorporates the differences in the subsurface characteristics immediately beneath each site using VS30. The equation can also predict the abnormal intensities (which are indispensable in Japan) due to subducting slabs using the depth of the slab surface beneath each site from the Crustal Activity Modeling Program standard plate model. The prediction equation can be applied to five source types: Pacific Ocean plate (PAC) interplate, PAC intraplate, very shallow crustal, shallow (≤50  km) Philippine Sea plate (PHS) intraplate, and intermediate-depth (&gt;50  km) PHS intraplate earthquakes. Although the equation is applicable at various magnitudes and distances, the standard deviations (σ) are 0.5–0.6, which are smaller than those of other equations with narrower distance ranges. Smaller σ values were achieved by the inversion of 29,837 Japanese instrumental seismic intensities from 68 selected earthquakes of five source types with a common site effect at each station. A deep Mw 7.9 earthquake that occurred at a depth of 680 km in 2015 near the Ogasawara Islands and subjected all of Japan to long-duration shaking due to waves propagating through the mantle was effectively employed to constrain the VS30 term of the equation. The equations for PAC interplate and very shallow earthquakes were validated by seven earthquakes that were not used for the inversion; the standard deviations for these earthquakes fell in the range of 0.41–0.53. The formula for very shallow crustal earthquakes is also able to predict the intensities of PHS interplate earthquakes. Hence, this equation is useful not only for engineering applications but also for historical seismology to distinguish the source types of ancient earthquakes.
Management of Postoperative Facet Cysts
Authors: Piscoya Andres S. , Clark DesRaj M. , Wagner Scott C. 
Published: September 2020

Case:
The exact underlying etiology behind synovial facet cysts remains unclear, and optimal surgical management continues to be a challenge. The authors present a series of 3 patients who underwent primary lumbar decompression and developed postoperative facet cysts within 6 months of index surgery requiring operative intervention. No patients had radiographic evidence of instability. Average follow-up after revision surgery was 14 months.

Conclusion:
We report on the 3 cases with the phenomenon of postoperative facet cysts and present a complication that falls within the spectrum of lumbar decompression surgery with several successful treatment options.
The Vacuum Phenomenon in the Elbow
Authors: Smith Tyler J. , Judice Anthony , Forte Salvador , Boniello Michael , Kleiner Matthew , Fuller David 
Published: September 2020

Case:
A 33-year-old man presented with a closed distal humerus fracture after a fall from scaffolding. Computed tomography demonstrated intra-articular gas, despite the lack of arthrotomy, open fracture, or skin defects. The “vacuum phenomenon” (VP), or the presence of intra-articular gas in closed injuries, has primarily been described in the axial skeleton. To our knowledge, there are no reports in fractures of the elbow.

Conclusion:
The incidence of the VP is under-reported and represents a lack of physician awareness. The VP should remain a diagnosis of exclusion; however, physicians should be aware of this phenomenon to prevent unnecessary patient harm.
Preparation of Polymeric Composites from Polypropylene and Palm Fronds and the Study of Some of Their Physical Properties
Authors: Sulyman Ebtehag , Sulyman Noaman 
Published: September 2020

Abstract: In this study a type of polymeric composites from melting poly propylene as a basic substance with Palm fronds powder were prepared. Evaluation of polymeric composites was done by studying some of it is mechanical properties, which included:Yong modulus (E), Impact Strength (I.S), Brinell hardness (B.H) and Compression Strength (C.S). The polymeric composites were studied before and after reinforcment by comparing between them. There was an increase in resistance of Yong modulus (E), Impact Strength (I.S), Brinell hardness (B.H) and compression Strength (C.S). Also, the effect of some acids were studied such as (HCl, H2SO4, HNO3) with concentrations of (0.5N; 1N and 1.5N) respectively. The physical properties of absorbance and poly propylene's diffusion coefficient were studied before and after reinforcment, The results showed an increase in values of these properties with increasing concentration of acid and time of polymer's immersion in the acidic solution.
Colombia e Irlanda, predicciones por la paz
Authors: Palacios G. Indira Paola , Urdaneta A. Juan José 
Published: September 2020

El conflicto armado de Colombia ha traído consecuencias de distinta índole, y el acuerdo de paz postulado en fechas cercanas a la realización de este documento generará, sin duda, muchos cambios; no obstante, existe incertidumbre acerca de cuáles serán.
Para tener perspectivas al respecto, se suele comparar el proceso colombiano con otros acuerdos adelantados, sobre todo, en el ámbito regional. Sin embargo, dicha comparación resulta insuficiente debido a las características particulares del conflicto colombiano, lo que hace necesario recurrir a la revisión de experiencias en otros lugares del mundo. En este documento se examina el proceso adelantado en Irlanda del Norte, que por sus particularidades resulta más cercano al caso colombiano.
Ola fintec
Authors: Ardila Navarro Alexandra , García Tibamoso Ana Margarita 
Published: September 2020

En la actualidad, el e-commerce se ha incrementado de manera tal que ocupa un 12 % del comercio mundial en bienes, a través de medios como Alibaba, eBay, Flipkart, entre otros. El sector fintech se ha convertido en un punto tangencial en las formas de comerciar e interactuar con las nuevas generaciones, dado que ha creado una nueva posibilidad para los emprendedores, incluso aquellos no bancarizados y que no tienen un perfil crediticio apto para las entidades bancarias.
Para Colombia, a pesar de las dificultades de implementación, existe un panorama positivo en cuanto a expansión y uso de estas herramientas. De acuerdo con BlackSip, en el país la compra de forma on-line va en aumento y muestra de ello es que en 2016, se realizaron transacciones por COP 26.700 millones por este medio. Así pues, este documento pretende dar una visión general de las fintech y su implementación, aterrizándolo con análisis de resultados con base en la encuesta realizada estudiantes de la Universidad EAN.
Productividad y empleo informal en Colombia: una aproximación a la economía de los tenderos
Authors: Alzate Londoño Anderson Andrés , Domínguez Contreras Jesús Esteban , Ortega Torres Juan Esteban , Rojas Díaz Diego Alejandro 
Published: September 2020

La informalidad ha sido reconocida como uno de los más grandes obstáculos para lograr cerrar la brecha de la desigualdad en nuestra sociedad colombiana. En ese sentido, este artículo tiene como objetivo lograr la identificación de las variables que más inciden en la labor de la población de tenderos de las localidades de Kennedy y Ciudad Bolívar en Bogotá, entendiendo, por sus características, su quehacer como un tipo de empleo informal.
Con ello se busca, desde la estadística descriptiva, reconocer dónde se encuentra la media de los datos más significativos recopilados en la encuesta realizada en conjunto con la Secretaría de Desarrollo Económico de Bogotá en su proyecto «Tienda para todos».
Inter-Firm Social Networks Created by Mobile Laborers: A Case Study on Siteler in Ankara
Authors: Beyhan Burak 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Labor mobility, both as a mechanism of knowledge diffusion and as a kind of social glue that holds together small production communities operative within a given territory, deserves serious consideration. In this context, focusing on a specific industrial cluster in Ankara, this paper reveals the extent and characteristics of the social networks created by the mobile laborers in order to understand the interconnections between social context, knowledge spillovers, innovation and labor mobility. For this purpose a step-wise algorithm is employed in order to identify social sub-groups by employing social network analysis and by drawing on the flow data constructed for this study. What is evident from this study is that the social network created by the mobility of laborers in Siteler, an industrial cluster specialized in furniture production, reveals a topography of social relations that cannot be split into equally large blocks but eventually parceled out to micro parts consisting of generally 2 or 3 firms. Interestingly, the contexts of innovation also unveil that innovative firms tend to be located at an intermediate position, not an upper and central position, within the topography of the network.
Analyzing the conditional behavior of rainfall deficiency and groundwater level deficiency signatures by using copula functions
Authors: Tahroudi Mohammad Nazeri , Ramezani Yousef , De Michele Carlo , Mirabbasi Rasoul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The complex hydrological events such as storm, flood and drought are often characterized by a number of correlated random variables. Copulas can model the dependence structure independently of the marginal distribution functions and provide multivariate distributions with different margins and the dependence structure. In this study, the conditional behavior of two signatures was investigated by analyzing the joint signatures of groundwater level deficiency and rainfall deficiency in Naqadeh sub-basin in Lake Urmia Basin using copula functions. The study results of joint changes in the two signatures showed that a 90–135 mm reduction in rainfall in the area increased groundwater level between 1.2 and 1.7 m. The study results of the conditional density of bivariate copulas in the estimation of groundwater level deficiency values by reducing rainfall showed that changes in values of rainfall deficiency signature in the sub-basin led to the generation of probability curves of groundwater level deficiency signature. Regarding the maximum groundwater level deficiency produced, the relationship between changes in rainfall deficiency and groundwater level deficiency was calculated in order to estimate the groundwater level deficiency signature values. The conditional density function presented will be an alternative method to the conditional return period.
Brines from industrial water recycling: new ways to resource recovery
Authors: Kieselbach Malena , Hogen Tobias , Geißen Sven-Uwe , Track Thomas , Becker Dennis , Rapp Hans-Jürgen , Koschikowski Joachim , Went Joachim , Horn Harald , Saravia Florencia , Bauer Annika , Schwantes Rebecca , Pfeifle Daniel , Heyn Nicolas , Weissroth Miriam , Fitzke Bernd 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Stricter environmental regulation policies and freshwater as an increasingly valuable resource have led to global growth of zero liquid discharge (ZLD) processes in recent years. During this development, in addition to water, the recovery of recyclable materials, e.g. salts, from industrial wastewater and brines is considered more frequently. Within the framework of the HighCon research project, the subject of this study, a new ZLD process with the goal of pure single-salt recovery from industrial wastewater has been developed and investigated in a demonstrational setup at an industrial site. With regard to pure salts recovery, separating organic components is of great importance during the treatment of the concentrate arising from used water recycling. The removal of COD and of ions responsible for scaling worked very well using nanofiltration. The nanofiltration permeate containing the monovalent ions was pre-concentrated using electrodialysis and membrane distillation before selective crystallization for single-salt recovery was performed. An example economic case study for the newly developed ZLD process – based on demonstration results and considering optimization measures for a full-scale design – indicates that the costs are equal to those of a conventional ZLD process, which, however, does not provide inter alia the aforementioned benefit of single-salt recovery.
Formulation, Optimization, and Ex-vivo Evaluation of Novel Lipid Carriers for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Hydroquinone
Authors: Verma Shivani , Kaur Sukhjinder , Kumar Lalit 
Published: September 2020

Background:
HQ is used for hyper-pigmentation treatment using conventional creams and
gels. These formulations show various disadvantages like poor skin permeation, allergic reactions, and
repeated use and decreasing patient compliance.

Objectives:
The present work involved formulation, statistical optimization, and characterization of
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) for efficient topical delivery of hydroquinone (HQ) for hyperpigmentation
treatment.

Methods:
The NLCs were optimized exploring Box–Behnken Design (BBD) using three independent
variables and two dependent variables. Formulation having the minimum size and maximum drug entrapment
was considered as optimized formulation. The optimized formulation was evaluated for drug
release followed by its freeze-drying. The freeze-dried formulation was subjected to Differential Scanning
Calorimetry (DSC) analysis, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, and Fourier Transform-Infrared
spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. Furthermore, NLCs based gel was prepared by using Carbopol 934 as a
gelling agent. NLCs based gel was evaluated for skin permeation, skin retention, and skin distribution
(through confocal microscopic analysis) using pig ear skin.

Results:
Optimized NLCs showed smaller particle size [(271.9 ± 9) nm], high drug entrapment [(66.4 ±
1.2) %], tolerable polydispersity index (PDI) (0.221 ± 0.012), and zeta potential [(-25.9 ± 1.2) mV]. The
FT-IR analysis revealed excellent compatibility between HQ and other excipients. The Carbopol 934
gel containing NLCs showed high transdermal flux [(163 ± 16.2) μg/cm2/h], permeability coefficient
(0.0326 ± 0.0016), and skin permeation enhancement ratio (3.7 ± 0.4) compared to marketed cream of
HQ. The results of confocal microscopic (CLSM) analysis revealed the accumulation of optimized
NLCs in the lower epidermal layers of skin.

Conclusion:
NLCs based gel was considered effective in the topical delivery of HQ to treat hyperpigmentation
due to high skin permeation, skin retention, and prolonged release of HQ.