bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EMT Transcription Factor ZEB1 Represses the Mutagenic POLθ-Mediated End-Joining Pathway in Breast Cancers
Authors: Prodhomme Mélanie K. , Pommier Roxane M. , Franchet Camille , Fauvet Frédérique , Bergoglio Valérie , Brousset Pierre , Morel Anne-Pierre , Brunac Anne-Cécile , Devouassoux-Shisheboran Mojgan , Petrilli Virginie , Moyret-Lalle Caroline , Hoffmann Jean-Sébastien , Puisieux Alain , Tissier Agnès 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

A characteristic of cancer development is the acquisition of genomic instability, which results from the inaccurate repair of DNA damage. Among double-strand break repair mechanisms induced by oncogenic stress, the highly mutagenic theta-mediated end-joining (TMEJ) pathway, which requires DNA polymerase theta (POLθ) encoded by the POLQ gene, has been shown to be overexpressed in several human cancers. However, little is known regarding the regulatory mechanisms of TMEJ and the consequence of its dysregulation. In this study, we combined a bioinformatics approach exploring both Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated depletion of the zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) in claudin-low tumor cells or forced expression of ZEB1 in basal-like tumor cells, two triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes, to demonstrate that ZEB1 represses POLQ expression. ZEB1, a master epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition–inducing transcription factor, interacted directly with the POLQ promoter. Moreover, downregulation of POLQ by ZEB1 fostered micronuclei formation in TNBC tumor cell lines. Consequently, ZEB1 expression prevented TMEJ activity, with a major impact on genome integrity. In conclusion, we showed that ZEB1 directly inhibits the expression of POLQ and, therefore, TMEJ activity, controlling both stability and integrity of breast cancer cell genomes.

Significance:
These findings uncover an original mechanism of TMEJ regulation, highlighting ZEB1 as a key player in genome stability during cancer progression via its repression of POLQ.
See related commentary by Carvajal-Maldonado and Wood, p. 1441
Skepticism and Inquiry
Authors: Goldberg Sanford C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, I am interested in skepticism’s downstream effects on further inquiry. To account for these downstream effects, we need to distinguish (i) the (skepticism-supporting) reasons for doubting whether p, (ii) one’s other background beliefs bearing on the prospects that further inquiry would improve one’s epistemic position on p, and (iii) the value one assigns to determining whether p. I advance two claims regarding skepticism’s downstream effects on inquiry. First, it is characteristic of “radical” forms of skepticism that (i) is sufficient to undermine the prospect described in (ii). By contrast (and second), ordinary forms of skepticism, which can be identified in connection with (ii), can actually be a boon to inquiry by enhancing (iii). In such cases, having reasons for skeptical doubt is not merely compatible with inquiring further, but also serves to motivate and to help frame such inquiry.
Description and Quality Assessment of Poetry Translation: Application of a Linguistic Model
Authors: Ma Yuanyi , Wang Bo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article presents a linguistic model, based on systemic functional linguistics (SFL), for describing and comparing poetry translations. The proposed model takes both the form and meaning of poetry into consideration and involves linguistic analyses at the levels of graphology, phonology, lexicogrammar and context. To illustrate the applicability of the model, we offer an analysis of Rabindranath Tagore’s Stray Birds in English and its three Chinese translations, point out the choices made by Tagore and the translators at different levels, and discuss the translation shifts in the target texts. On the basis of a contextual analysis, we relate the target texts with the Chinese norms of translation and comment on the quality of the translations. Our intention is to prove that linguistic theories offer a powerful tool for analysing poetry translation and offer new possibilities in translation studies from the perspective of SFL.
Climate Model Teleconnection Patterns Govern the Niño-3.4 Response to Early Nineteenth-Century Volcanism in Coral-Based Data Assimilation Reconstructions
Authors: Sanchez Sara C. , Hakim Gregory J. , Saenger Casey P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractScientific understanding of low-frequency tropical Pacific variability, especially responses to perturbations in radiative forcing, suffers from short observational records, sparse proxy networks, and bias in model simulations. Here, we combine the strengths of proxies and models through coral-based paleoclimate data assimilation. We combine coral archives (δ18O, Sr/Ca) with the dynamics, spatial teleconnections, and intervariable relationships of the CMIP5/PMIP3 Past1000 experiments using the Last Millennium Reanalysis data assimilation framework. This analysis creates skillful reconstructions of tropical Pacific temperatures over the observational era. However, during the period of intense volcanism in the early nineteenth century, southwestern Pacific corals produce El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) reconstructions that are of opposite sign from those from eastern Pacific corals and tree ring records. We systematically evaluate the source of this discrepancy using 1) single-proxy experiments, 2) varied proxy system models (PSMs), and 3) diverse covariance patterns from the Past1000 simulations. We find that individual proxy records and coral PSMs do not significantly contribute to the discrepancy. However, following major eruptions, the southwestern Pacific corals locally record more persistent cold anomalies than found in the Past1000 experiments and canonical ENSO teleconnections to the southwest Pacific strongly control the reconstruction response. Furthermore, using covariance patterns independent of ENSO yields reconstructions consistent with coral archives across the Pacific. These results show that model bias can strongly affect how proxy information is processed in paleoclimate data assimilation. As we illustrate here, model bias influences the magnitude and persistence of the response of the tropical Pacific to volcanic eruptions.
The Drag on the Barotropic Tide due to the Generation of Baroclinic Motion
Authors: Shakespeare Callum J. , Arbic Brian K. , McC. Hogg Andrew 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe interaction of a barotropic flow with topography generates baroclinic motion that exerts a stress on the barotropic flow. Here, explicit solutions are calculated for the spatial-mean flow (i.e., the barotropic tide) resulting from a spatially uniform but time-varying body force (i.e., astronomical forcing) acting over rough topography. This approach of prescribing the force contrasts with that of previous authors who have prescribed the barotropic flow. It is found that the topographic stress, and thus the impact on the spatial-mean flow, depend on the nature of the baroclinic motion that is generated. Two types of stress are identified: (i) a “wave drag” force associated with propagating wave motion, which extracts energy from the spatial-mean flow, and (ii) a topographic “spring” force associated with standing motion at the seafloor, including bottom-trapped internal tides and propagating low-mode internal tides, which significantly damps the time-mean kinetic energy of the spatial-mean flow but extracts no energy in the time-mean. The topographic spring force is shown to be analogous to the force exerted by a mechanical spring in a forced-dissipative harmonic oscillator. Expressions for the topographic stresses appropriate for implementation as baroclinic drag parameterizations in global models are presented.
Adjusting ISCCP Cloud Detection to Increase Consistency of Cloud Amount and Reduce Artifacts
Authors: Knapp Kenneth R. , Young Alisa H. , Semunegus Hilawe , Inamdar Anand K. , Hankins William 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) began collecting data in the 1980s to help understand the distribution of clouds. Since then, it has provided important information on clouds in time and space and their radiative characteristics. However, it was apparent from some long-term time series of the data that there are some latent artifacts related to the changing satellite coverage over the more than 30 years of the record. Changes in satellite coverage effectively create secular changes in the time series of view zenith angle (VZA) for a given location. There is an inconsistency in the current ISCCP cloud detection algorithm related to VZA: two satellites viewing the same location from different VZAs can produce vastly different estimates of cloud amount. Research is presented that shows that a simple change to the cloud detection algorithm can vastly increase the consistency. This is accomplished by making the cloud–no cloud threshold VZA dependent. The resulting cloud amounts are more consistent between different satellites and the distributions are shown to be more spatially homogenous. Likewise, the more consistent spatial data lead to more consistent temporal statistics.
Dynamical–Statistical Prediction of Week-2 Severe Weather for the United States
Authors: Wang Hui , Kumar Arun , Diawara Alima , DeWitt David , Gottschalck Jon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA dynamical–statistical model is developed for forecasting week-2 severe weather (hail, tornadoes, and damaging winds) over the United States. The supercell composite parameter (SCP) is used as a predictor, which is derived from the 16-day dynamical forecasts of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) model and represents the large-scale convective environments influencing severe weather. The hybrid model forecast is based on the empirical relationship between GEFS hindcast SCP and observed weekly severe weather frequency during 1996–2012, the GEFS hindcast period. Cross validations suggest that the hybrid model has a low skill for week-2 severe weather when applying simple linear regression method at 0.5° × 0.5° (latitude × longitude) grid data. However, the forecast can be improved by using the 5° × 5° area-averaged data. The forecast skill can be further improved by using the empirical relationship depicted by the singular value decomposition method, which takes into account the spatial covariations of weekly severe weather. The hybrid model was tested operationally in spring 2019 and demonstrated skillful forecasts of week-2 severe weather frequency over the United States.
New York State and the Nation: Trends in Firearm Purchases and Firearm Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Donnelly Megan R. , Barie Philip S. , Grigorian Areg , Kuza Catherine M. , Schubl Sebastian , de Virgilio Christian , Lekawa Michael , Nahmias Jeffry 
Published: November 2020

Background The impacts of social stressors on violence during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are unknown. We hypothesized that firearm purchases and violence would increase surrounding the pandemic. This study determined the impact of COVID-19 and shelter-in-place (SIP) orders on firearm purchases and incidents in the United States (US) and New York State (NYS). Methods Scatterplots reflected trends in firearm purchases, incidents, and deaths over a 16-month period (January 2019 to April 2020). Bivariate comparisons of SIP and non-SIP jurisdictions before and after SIP (February 2020 vs. April 2020) and April 2020 vs. April 2019 were performed with the Mann-Whitney U test. Results The incidence of COVID-19 in the US increased between February and April 2020 from 24 to 1 067 660 and in NYS from 0 to 304 372. When comparing February to March to April in the US, firearm purchases increased 33.6% then decreased 22.0%, whereas firearm incidents increased 12.2% then again increased by 3.6% and firearm deaths increased 23.8% then decreased in April by 3.8%. In NYS, comparing February to March to April 2020, firearm purchases increased 87.6% then decreased 54.8%, firearm incidents increased 110.1% then decreased 30.8%, and firearm deaths increased 57.1% then again increased by 6.1%. In both SIP and non-SIP jurisdictions, April 2020 firearm purchases, incidents, deaths, and injuries were similar to April 2019 and February 2020 (all P = NS). Discussion Coronavirus disease 2019–related stressors may have triggered an increase in firearm purchases nationally and within NYS in March 2020. Firearm incidents also increased in NYS. SIP orders had no effect on firearm purchases and firearm violence.
Predictors of Anastomotic Leak After Esophagectomy for Cancer: Not All Leaks Increase Mortality
Authors: Krasnoff Chloe C. , Grigorian Areg , Smith Brian R. , Jutric Zeljka , Nguyen Ninh T. , Daly Shaun , Lekawa Michael E. , Nahmias Jeffry 
Published: November 2020

Background The impact of preoperative chemotherapy/radiation on esophageal anastomotic leaks (ALs) and the correlation between AL severity and mortality risk have not been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that lower severity ALs have a similar risk of mortality compared to those without ALs, and preoperative chemotherapy/radiation increases AL risk. Methods The 2016-2017 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program’s procedure-targeted esophagectomy database was queried for patients undergoing any esophagectomy for cancer. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed for risk of ALs. Results From 2042 patients, 280 (13.7%) had ALs. AL patients requiring intervention had increased mortality risk including those requiring reoperation, interventional procedure, and medical therapy ( P < .05). AL patients requiring no intervention had similar mortality risk compared to patients without ALs ( P > .05). Preoperative chemotherapy/radiation was not predictive of ALs ( P > .05). Conclusion Preoperative chemotherapy/radiation does not contribute to risk for ALs after esophagectomy. There is a stepwise increased risk of 30-day mortality for ALs requiring increased invasiveness of treatment.
Government spending and economic growth in the Middle East and North Africa region
Authors: Albassam Bassam Abdullah 
Published: November 2020

In 2011, during the Arab Spring, citizens in some Arab countries marched in the streets, demanding decreased corruption, increased public participation in running state affairs, and provision of jobs for citizens. In response, governments in the Middle East and North Africa region initiated strategic plans to meet the people’s demands (e.g. Morocco Vision 2030, Saudi Vision 2030). One of the main parts of these plans is related to reforming the public finance sector. Recently, in response to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, most Middle East and North Africa countries have taken loans or withdrawn from reserves (both considered sources of funding for government expenditures) to support the economy and fund the healthcare plans to fight the disease. Thus, the efficiency and effectiveness of government spending is very important in utilizing the available resources at all times. Using data for the Middle East and North Africa region from 1990 to 2019, and utilizing a scatterplot technique and the general linear modeling procedure, this article explores the relationship between public expenditures and economic growth. The results show that the current public expenditure system is inefficient and that efficient public spending has to be combined with other factors that influence the economy (e.g. enhancing public participation in running state affairs, controlling corruption, and supporting good governance practices in the public sector). Points for practitioners Government spending is one of the most important elements in managing state affairs toward achieving advanced levels of development and providing high-quality services to beneficiaries. This research explores the relationship between government spending and economic growth; the result of this study confirms that non-financial factors, such as fighting corruption, promoting democracy and freedom, enhancing public institutions’ quality, and supporting the productivity and accountability of the public sector, are important dimensions in promoting economic growth, especially in developing countries.
Evaluation of Olfactory Function With Objective Tests in COVID-19-Positive Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gözen E. Deniz , Aliyeva Chinara , Tevetoğlu Fırat , Karaali Rıdvan , Balkan İlker İnanç , Yener H. Murat , Özdoğan H. Ahmet 
Published: November 2020

Objective: Olfactory dysfunction is relatively high in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of olfactory disorder objectively in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection. Material and Method: The study included 31 healthy controls and 59 COVID-19 patients who were diagnosed and treated in the COVID departments in a tertiary hospital. The patients with corona virus infection were screened by a questionnaire and were classified into 2 groups as either group 2 (patients without self-reported smell loss) or group 3 (patients with self-reported smell loss). Age and gender matched healthy controls who do not have chronic nasal condition or nasal surgery history comprised the control group (group 1). All of the patients and subjects in the control group were tested by the Sniffin’ Sticks test. All of the answers and scores were recorded, and the comparisons were made. Results: The rate of self-reported smell and taste loss in all COVID-19 patients in this study was 52.5% and 42%, respectively. There was a significant difference in threshold, discrimination, identification, and Threshold, Discrimination, Identification (TDI) scores between groups 1 and 2. When the comparisons between group 1 and 3 were made, again threshold, discrimination, identification, and TDI scores were significantly different. The comparison between groups 2 and 3 demonstrated a significant difference in discrimination, identification, and TDI scores, but threshold score was not different statistically. With questionnaire, the rate of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients was 52.5%, but with objective test, the rate was calculated as 83%. Conclusion: Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are common in COVID-19 patients. According to findings with the objective test method in this study, smell disorder in COVID-19 patients was much higher than those detected by questionnaires.
Effect of 12 months of creatine supplementation and whole-body resistance training on measures of bone, muscle and strength in older males
Authors: Candow Darren G , Chilibeck Philip D , Gordon Julianne , Vogt Emelie , Landeryou Tim , Kaviani Mojtaba , Paus-Jensen Lisa 
Published: November 2020

Background: The combination of creatine supplementation and resistance training (10–12 weeks) has been shown to increase bone mineral content and reduce a urinary indicator of bone resorption in older males compared with placebo. However, the longer-term effects (12 months) of creatine and resistance training on bone mineral density and bone geometric properties in older males is unknown. Aim: To assess the effects of 12 months of creatine supplementation and supervised, whole-body resistance training on bone mineral density, bone geometric properties, muscle accretion, and strength in older males. Methods: Participants were randomized to supplement with creatine ( n = 18, 49–69 years, 0.1 g·kg-1·d-1) or placebo ( n = 20, 49–67 years, 0.1 g·kg-1·d-1) during 12 months of supervised, whole-body resistance training. Results: After 12 months of training, both groups experienced similar changes in bone mineral density and geometry, bone speed of sound, lean tissue and fat mass, muscle thickness, and muscle strength. There was a trend ( p = 0.061) for creatine to increase the section modulus of the narrow part of the femoral neck, an indicator of bone bending strength, compared with placebo. Adverse events did not differ between creatine and placebo. Conclusions: Twelve months of creatine supplementation and supervised, whole-body resistance training had no greater effect on measures of bone, muscle, or strength in older males compared with placebo.
A comparative analysis of the efficacy and safety of therapeutic interventions in phlegmasia cerulea dolens
Authors: Said Ahmad , Sahlieh Ali , Sayed Luay 
Published: November 2020

Objective Present an institution’s experience in management of phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) with a review of the literature. Methods Beaumont Health’s electronic record database was queried between July 2009 and November 2019 for inpatients with PCD. A comprehensive chart review was performed to verify the accuracy of the diagnosis and extract relevant parameters. Medians and proportions are reported. Results 22 patients met the criteria for PCD. 59% females. Median age 65 years (interquartile range [IQR] 22). Obesity was present in 45% of patients. 18 patients underwent either a single modality (55.5%) or a multimodality therapeutic approach (44.5%). Limb amputation was required in a third of patients who underwent catheter-directed thrombolysis or percutaneous thrombectomy alone. Death was highest after percutaneous thrombectomy alone (66%) followed by pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis alone (50%). Conclusion Percutaneous interventions have become the mainstay in management of PCD as demonstrated in this large retrospective analysis and supported by literature review.
Effect of Adhesion Boosters on the Indirect Bonding with the Lingual Brackets: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Solanki Sanad Kumar Singh , Gupta Yogesh , Chaudhary Varunjeet , Nickychandra Thiyam , Pai Shubhuda , Ramraika and Moon 
Published: November 2020

Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the influence of the two adhesion boosters (assure universal bonding resin and enhance adhesion booster) on the shear bond strengths of indirectly bonded lingual brackets. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 extracted human teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 40), each group contained equal number of anterior and posterior teeth (anterior = 20, posterior = 20), and their lingual surfaces were etched by using 37% phosphoric acid. The bracket was bonded indirectly without using adhesion booster in group 1 (control group). In group 2, the adhesion booster A (enhance adhesion booster) and adhesion booster B (assure universal bonding resin) in group 3 were applied, respectively, before the bonding. The universal testing machine was used to measure the maximum bond strength. Student’s t-test followed by the one-way analysis of variance was used to compare shear bond strength among the groups. Results: The shear bond strength was found to be highest in group 3, followed by group 2, and it was least in controls. There were highly significant differences statistically in shear bond strength among the groups 1, 2, and 3 ( P = .001). Conclusion: Shear bond strength was admissible in all the groups. The application of the assure universal bonding resin significantly increased the bond strength of lingual brackets in indirect bonding.