bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What have we learnt about asthma control from trials of budesonide/formoterol as maintenance and reliever?
Authors: Jenkins Christine R. , Bateman Eric D. , Sears Malcolm R. , O'Byrne Paul M. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTDespite improvements in medications, devices and understanding of the disease, about half of all asthma patients worldwide remain inadequately controlled, suggesting the need for a new approach to asthma management. Poor adherence to prescribed maintenance therapy and over‐reliance on SABA reliever medication is a common cause of inadequate control. This article reviews published data from 6‐ to 12‐month, double‐blind, RCT and open‐label real‐world studies involving budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy (MART) and relevant comparator approaches to asthma management, and considers how these compare in achieving the treatment goals described in guidelines. The data confirm that patients with asthma treated with budesonide/formoterol MART achieved the same or better asthma symptom control compared with ICS/LABA plus SABA regimens at similar or higher ICS doses, with consistently lower rates of exacerbations and considerably lower annual requirement for oral corticosteroids. These findings have been confirmed across a range of severities of persistent asthma. With the MART approach, maintenance dosing ensures coverage for day‐to‐day control, and the use of a reliever with anti‐inflammatory properties (budesonide/formoterol) provides extra doses of ICS as soon as symptoms prompt the use of reliever, resulting in a 40–50% reduction of exacerbations compared with an ICS‐based treatment approach plus as‐needed SABA as reliever. As‐needed, budesonide/formoterol has also recently been shown to be more effective as a reliever in mild asthma than SABA alone, reducing exacerbations by up to 64% in the SYGMA studies.
Sketch maps for searching in spatial data
Authors: Zare Zardiny Ali , Hakimpour Farshad , Shahbazi Mozhdeh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMuch research has been conducted on the use of sketch maps to search in spatial databases, nevertheless, they have faced challenges, such as modeling of the data abstraction level, aggregated features in sketches, modeling of semantic aspects of data, data redundancy, and evaluation of the results. Considering these challenges, in this article a new solution is presented for searching in databases based on data matching. The main difference between this solution and the other approaches lies in the parameters introduced to match data and how to solve the matching problem. Using geometrical, topological, and semantic parameters in the matching, as well as performing the matching process in the two phases of partial and global, has resulted in an

of about 78%. The evaluation process is performed based on the matching parameters and the matching procedure; finally, the result is acceptable compared to previous implementations.
Development of a flow standard to enable highly reproducible measurements of deformability of stored red blood cells in a microfluidic device
Authors: Robidoux Jonathan , Laforce‐Lavoie Audrey , Charette Steve J. , Shevkoplyas Sergey S. , Yoshida Tatsuro , Lewin Antoine , Brouard Danny 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUNDGreat deformability allows red blood cells (RBCs) to flow through narrow capillaries in tissues. A number of microfluidic devices with capillary‐like microchannels have been developed to monitor storage‐related impairment of RBC deformability during blood banking operations. This proof‐of‐concept study describes a new method to standardize and improve reproducibility of the RBC deformability measurements using one of these devices.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe rate of RBC flow through the microfluidic capillary network of the microvascular analyzer (MVA) device made of polydimethylsiloxane was measured to assess RBC deformability. A suspension of microbeads in a solution of glycerol in phosphate‐buffered saline was developed to be used as an internal flow rate reference alongside RBC samples in the same device. RBC deformability and other in vitro quality markers were assessed weekly in six leukoreduced RBC concentrates (RCCs) dispersed in saline‐adenine‐glucose‐mannitol additive solution and stored over 42 days at 4°C.RESULTSThe use of flow reference reduced device‐to‐device measurement variability from 10% to 2%. Repeated‐measure analysis using the generalized estimating equation (GEE) method showed a significant monotonic decrease in relative RBC flow rate with storage from Week 0. By the end of storage, relative RBC flow rate decreased by 22 ± 6% on average.CONCLUSIONSThe suspension of microbeads was successfully used as a flow reference to increase reproducibility of RBC deformability measurements using the MVA. Deformability results suggest an early and late aging phase for stored RCCs, with significant decreases between successive weeks suggesting a highly sensitive measurement method.
A comparison of thyroid hormone levels and plasma capillary zone electrophoresis in red‐eared sliders (Trachemys scriptaelegans) and map turtles (Graptemysspp.) depending on season and sex
Authors: Leineweber Christoph , Öfner Sabine , Stöhr Anke C. , Marschang Rachel E. , Mathes Karina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThyroid hormones and capillary zone electrophoresis are rarely studied in reptile medicine.ObjectivesThe goal of this prospective study was to establish RIs for plasma proteins and thyroid hormones, total tetraiodothyronine (tT4), free T4 (fT4), total triiodothyronine (tT3), and free T3 (fT3), as well as iodine blood levels in red‐eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) and map turtles (Graptemysspp.).MethodsVariables were measured over 1 ½ years to determine variations depending on sex and season, as well as any correlations between the parameters. A total of 131 blood samples from red‐eared sliders and 51 blood samples from map turtles were collected from May 2016 to November 2017. The levels of tT4, fT4, and fT3 were measured using standardized autoanalyzer test systems; tT3 was measured by ELISA and iodine inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Total protein was quantitated using the biuret method, and plasma protein fractions were measured using capillary zone electrophoresis.ResultsThe results showed significant variations in thyroid hormone levels and plasma protein fractions depending on sex and season. Total T4 and fT4 concentrations were significantly (P < .05) correlated in both turtle species and sexes in all seasons. Thyroid hormone levels correlated with blood proteins in a few seasons, including a positive correlation between tT4 and fT4 in female red‐eared sliders in fall and female map turtles in summer and fall.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the importance of considering species, season, and sex variations when interpreting thyroid hormone and plasma protein levels. It also shows that thyroid hormone levels are not always influenced by total protein and albumin.
Weedy rice: An expanding problem in direct‐seeded rice in the Philippines
Authors: Juliano Leylani M. , Donayre Dindo King M. , Martin Edwin C. , Beltran Jesusa C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWeedy rice is morphologically similar to cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.). It has biological characteristics that identify it as a weed. Its important weedy characteristics, that is, early and heavy seed shattering, makes it very difficult to control. Weedy rice has not been reported to be an important weed problem in transplanted, flooded rice. However, the shift to direct‐seeded rice (DSR) due to water issues and high costs of labor has increased reports of weedy rice becoming an expanding important problem in Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines. Experts believe that the growing adoption of DSR in Asian countries will result in the rise of weedy rice as one of the top troublesome weeds in rice production. Early and recent surveys in the Philippines have indicated the urgent need to increase awareness of weedy rice among farmers to allow the implementation of a number of effective location‐specific weed management strategies. These surveys and other studies conducted since weedy rice was first reported in 1991 confirmed that weedy rice and grass weed species caused major problems in DSR areas. About 35% of the 4.56 M ha harvested area in the country is planted with DSR. As cultivated and weedy rice are close relatives, it would be very difficult to implement management options very early in crop growth. However, a deeper understanding of the underlying traits of weedy rice can help develop a holistic approach toward effective and economic weed management.
Zero Torque Compliant Mechanisms Employing Pre-buckled Beams
Authors: Bilancia Pietro , Smith Samuel P. , Berselli Giovanni , Magleby Spencer P. , Howell Larry L. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The concept of a statically balanced mechanism with a single rotational degree-of-freedom is presented. The proposed device achieves static balancing by combining positive stiffness elements and negative stiffness elements within an annular domain. Two designs are discussed. The first is composed of an Archimedean spiral and two pinned-pinned pre-buckled beams. The overall mechanism is modeled via an analytical approach and the element dimensions are optimized. The optimal configuration is then tested through finite element analysis (FEA). A second approach replaces the spiral beam with elastic custom-shaped spline beams. A FEA optimization is performed to determine the shape and size of such spline beams. The behavior of the negators is used as reference for the optimization so as to achieve a complete balancing. A physical prototype of each configuration is machined and tested. The comparison between predicted and acquired data confirmed the efficacy of the design methods.
Analytical Method for Hydrodynamic Force in Finite-Length Tilting-Pad Journal Bearing Including Turbulence Effect
Authors: Jin Yingze , Yuan Xiaoyang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
To improve the efficiency in nonlinear dynamic calculation of finite-length tilting-pad journal bearings (TPJBs) under dynamic loads, an analytical method for hydrodynamic bearing forces, which considers the turbulence effect, is proposed using the method of separation of variables under the dynamic Gümbel boundary condition. No thermal effects are considered because this method is designed for the low viscosity case. The infinitely long bearing pressure is introduced as the circumferential pressure, and a general solution of the nonhomogeneous Reynolds equation is derived as the axial pressure. The turbulence model of Ng and Pan is characterized by a linear function of film thicknesses. A complete analytical expression of hydrodynamic bearing forces is derived. The analytical simulation shows slight differences and extremely low time expense in lubricating and dynamic performance compared to published data and finite difference method (FDM) simulation. The analytical method could be used to fast evaluate the nonlinear dynamic performance of a TPJB-rotor system in the low viscosity environment, supporting the nonlinear dynamic design of the system.
Combined Effects of Nanofluid and Geometrical Structures of a Parallel Plate Channel With Semicircle Corrugations on Flow Characteristics and Thermal-Hydraulic Performance
Authors: Ajeel Raheem K. , Wan Salim Wan Saiful-Islam 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The combination of corrugated surface and nanofluid techniques can boost thermo-hydraulic performance with the ability to make thermal systems more effective and reliable. In this numerical study, the combined effect of different structures of a semicircle-corrugated channel is investigated and examined, as well as different types of nanofluids on thermal and hydraulic performance in the Reynolds number range from 10,000 to 30,000. With respect to the fluid medium, four kinds of nanoparticles Al2O3, CuO, SiO2, and ZnO are used and investigated. The volume fraction of nanoparticles and the diameter of the particles are in the range of 0–0.08 and 20–80 nm, respectively. The findings show that the geometrical structures of the tested channel have a great effect to improve heat transfer enhancement, approvingly around 2.3–3.7 times that of the smooth channel. Furthermore, the outcomes show a dramatic increase in the heat transfer coefficient as the volume fractions of nanoparticles and Reynolds number are increased, and with the decline of particle size, but it accompanied with the increase of shear stress. Among the nanofluids used here, SiO2–water offers the highest enhancement of heat transfer. For all forms tested here, the rib shape of a semicircle-corrugated channel displays the best thermal-hydraulic performance of 2.84 at a volume fraction of 0.08 and Re = 10,000.
Strategic Understandings: An Investigation of Professional Academy Youth Soccer Coaches’ Interpretation, Knowledge, and Application of Game Strategies
Authors: Price Amy , Collins Dave , Stoszkowski John , Pill Shane 
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to explore professional soccer coaches’ interpretations of features suggesting players’ game understanding across the age phases of professional academy youth soccer in England, with particular attention paid to the role of strategic understanding. Semistructured interviews were conducted with coaches (n = 19) of players aged 9–23 years to better understand how coaches understand and apply methods to develop players’ strategic game understanding. Data revealed that coaches prioritized the technical and tactical development of their players over strategic development. However, across the age phases, coaches encountered challenges with coaching for strategic understanding (i.e., maintaining control of the game, players as problem solvers, player reflection, and coaching individuals within a team). The authors suggest that coaches and program designers need to show more intent toward developing players’ strategic understanding, becoming more purposeful when choosing “how” to develop this. In particular, coaches should consider how coaching methods that seek to develop players’ metacognitive game skills can be applied, with the goal of developing self-aware, flexible, and independent players as learners who demonstrate an appropriately “deep” understanding of the game.
Worst to First: Turnaround Leadership Through the Lens of Successful High School Football Coaches
Authors: Westfall Scott 
Published: April 2020

Turnaround leadership is a topic of particular interest within sports, as newly hired coaches are often expected to transform struggling teams into “winners.” The present study qualitatively examined American high school football coaches (N = 11) who led a dramatic turnaround within their school’s football program. After being hired, these participants experienced relatively quick success, as they achieved a winning record (M = 1.73 years) and reached the state playoffs within a short period of time (M = 1.82 years). Steps of the turnaround process included assembling a staff of quality assistants, creating a vision for program success, formulating a strong plan that supported the vision, generating buy-in from players and key members of the program, creating and celebrating early achievements, sustaining success through the establishment of new goals and benchmarks, and fighting the urge to become complacent once new levels of success were reached (i.e., making change stick). As a part of their coaching turnarounds, all of the participants talked about the importance of incorporating a quality strength and conditioning program into their team’s training regimen. Meanwhile, the majority of the participants identified “educational athletics” as the core of their coaching philosophy, in which they viewed their jobs as coaches as an extension of the classroom. Moreover, most participants implemented character education into their programs and used football as a platform for teaching life lessons to their players. Yet, the most recurrent theme of the process, and the most recommended approach for achieving a coaching turnaround, was establishing positive coach–athlete relationships.
Comparison of Concussion Sideline Screening Measures Across Varying Exertion Levels Within Simulated Games
Authors: Dubas Rebecca L. , Teel Elizabeth F. , Kay Melissa C. , Ryan Eric D. , Petschauer Meredith A. , Register-Mihalik Johna K. 
Published: April 2020

Context:Currently, there is no gold standard to evaluate the effect of varying game-like exertion states on Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3rd Edition (SCAT-3) outcomes. Baseline assessments may occur before, during, or after physical activity, while postinjury evaluations predominantly occur following physical activity. Thus, clinicians may be comparing postinjury evaluations completed following exertion to baseline evaluations completed following varying levels of rest or exertion, which may not be a valid method for clinical decision making.Objective:To determine the effect of various physical exertion levels on sideline concussion assessment outcomes and reliability.Design:Within-subjects, repeated measures.Setting:Field.Participants:Physically active participants (N = 36) who regularly participate in basketball activity.Intervention:Subjects participated in 2 simulated basketball games, completing a symptom checklist, Standardized Assessment of Concussion, and Balance Error Scoring System before game play, during halftime, and at the completion of each simulated game. Pulse rate was assessed as a proxy of physical exertion.Main Outcome Measures:Total symptom, Standardized Assessment of Concussion, and Balance Error Scoring System scores.Results:Physical exertion did not significantly predict symptom, Standardized Assessment of Concussion, or Balance Error Scoring System scores, although a trend toward higher symptom scores was observed for females (ß = 0.03,P = .09). All assessments had poor to moderate reliability across sessions (.15 < interclass correlation coefficient [2,1] < .60).Conclusion:Low- to moderate-intensity physical activity did not have a significant effect on clinical concussion sideline assessments; however, the low test–retest reliability observed prevents strong conclusions on these relationships. The poor overall reliability does not allow for clear recommendations for what state of baseline physical exertion (ie, rested or exerted) provides optimal data to make postinjury clinical decisions, although baseline concussion assessments completed at rest have the most valid and conservative normative values for injury comparison.
Lower gastrointestinal symptoms and symptoms-based triaging systems are poor predictors of clinical significant disease on colonoscopy
Authors: Ismail Mohd Syafiq , Aoko Olufemi , Sihag Sandeep , Connolly Eimear , Omorogbe Joseph , Semenov Serhiy , O'Morain Neil , O'Connor Anthony , Breslin Niall , Ryan Barbara , McNamara Deirdre 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionLower gastrointestinal symptoms (LGS) are a common cause of referral to the gastroenterology service. International guidelines are available to prioritise referrals. Some studies have reported that symptoms alone are a poor marker of clinically significant disease (CSD) but symptoms remain the main way to prioritise referrals in routine clinical practice.Aims/backgroundTo correlate LGS with colonoscopy findings in an unselected patient cohort and to investigate whether using National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines improve risk stratification.MethodColonoscopy data over a 2-year period were obtained from our endoscopy database. Only patients with assessment of symptoms as their primary indication for colonoscopy were included. Patient records were retrospectively reviewed. Exclusion criteria: known inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), familial cancer syndromes, polyp and colorectal cancer (CRC) surveillance, and prior colonoscopy within 5 years. Demographics, symptoms and colonoscopy findings were recorded and analysed.Results1116 cases were reviewed; 493 (44%) males, age 54.3 years (16–91). CSD occurred in only 162 (14.5%); CRC 19 (1.7%), high-risk adenoma 40 (3.6%), inflammation 97 (8.7%) (IBD 65 (5.8%), microscopic colitis 9 (0.8%) and indeterminate-inflammation 23 (2%)), angiodysplasia 6 (0.5%). Diarrhoea gave the highest diagnostic yield for CSD of 5.3% (OR 3.15, 95% CI 2.2 to 4.7, p<0.001), followed by PR bleeding, 2.9% (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.9, p=0.003). Weight loss gave the lowest diagnostic yield of 0.4%; (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.28 to 2.24, p=0.65). 592 (53%) and 517 (46%) fitted the NICE guidelines for CRC and IBD, respectively. Using NICE positivity improved detection but overall yield remained low 3% vs 0.4% (OR 7.71, 95% CI 1.77 to 33.56, p=0.0064) for CRC, and 9% vs 2.8% (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.99 to 6.17, p<0.0001) for IBD.ConclusionsThe overall prevalence of CSD in our unselected symptomatic patients is low (14.5%). A holistic approach including combining symptoms and demographics with novel tools including stool biomarkers and minimally invasive colonoscopy alternatives should be applied to avoid unnecessary colonoscopy.
Time patterns of external and alcohol-related mortality after marital and non-marital separation: the contribution of psychiatric morbidity
Authors: Metsä-Simola Niina , Moustgaard Heta , Martikainen Pekka 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundExternal and alcohol-related mortality is elevated postseparation, but the role of poor mental health in explaining this excess is unclear. We assess postseparation excess mortality by union type and over time since separation and examine how psychiatric morbidity present already before separation, during the separation process and after separation attenuates this excess.MethodsUsing individual-level register data from 1995 to 2012, we followed 311 751 Finns in long-term unions. Psychiatric morbidity was identified from dates of prescription medication purchases and hospital admissions, separations from dates of moving out of joint households and mortality from the Death Register. Cox regression was used to analyse postseparation mortality controlling for psychiatric morbidity before, during and after separation.ResultsExternal and alcohol-related excess mortality is most pronounced immediately after separation, particularly among men, and is much larger following marital than non-marital separation. After sociodemographic factors are adjusted for, further adjustment for psychiatric morbidity attenuates the excess by about 25%. Psychiatric morbidity poorly explains alcohol-related postseparation excess mortality, but for suicide mortality, adjustment for psychiatric morbidity reduces the excess by about 40% among men and 50% among women. Among women, this is largely due to psychiatric morbidity present already before separation, whereas among men the attenuation is also due to psychiatric morbidity during the separation process and after it.ConclusionSeparation may exacerbate the problems of people already in poor mental health, and relationship dynamics should thus be considered during treatment. Particularly among men separation is a risk factor for suicide even without pre-existing mental health problems.