bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Y a-t-il un état en Lorraine ? Le cas du règne de René Ier (1430-1480)
Authors: Dauphant Léonard 
Published: April 2020

Situés entre le royaume et l’Empire, les duchés de Bar et de Lorraine sont partagés entre des cultures et des modèles politiques divergents, français et germanique. Sous René d’Anjou (1430-1480), les officiers angevins voulaient-ils construire en Lorraine un état « moderne » sur le modèle capétien ? Ou bien respectaient-ils les traditions des « libertés de l’Empire » ? Pour comprendre cette culture politique particulière, il faut examiner deux dimensions du pouvoir capétien et sa réalité en Lorraine : l’idée de souveraineté et la pratique du territoire. Il en ressort que, sous René d’Anjou, l’acculturation française est une réalité mais qu’elle ne doit pas être surinterprétée. Les crises, notamment les guerres de Bourgogne, montrent que la construction de l’état s’est heurtée à de graves difficultés et que ses réussites n’ont pas remis pas en cause le cadre politique général, qui tire son identité de sa position de frontière.
Modélisation de données pour une base de données prosopographique
Authors: Miquel Maryvonne , Pécout Thierry , Tchounikine Anne 
Published: April 2020

Prosopange est une application collaborative pour l’alimentation et l’exploitation d’une base de données prosopographique centrée sur les officiers angevins du XIIIe siècle à la fin du XVe siècle. Elle est issue d’une collaboration entre historiens et informaticiens. Cette application est composée d’une base de données prosopographique, d’une application Web pour la saisie et la restitution des données sous forme de pages prosopographiques composées de données consolidées, enrichies, structurées et formatées, ainsi qu’une application d’analyse permettant de créer et d’explorer des populations multicritères d’officiers. Dans cet article, nous présentons le modèle de base de données prosopographiques qui est au cœur de l'application. Les données incluent tous les informations biographiques des officiers et de leurs entourages, issues de sources archivistiques et iconographiques. Ces données portent sur : (i) les informations relatives aux individus (lieu d’origine, sexe, lieu de résidence, religion, dates, etc.) ; (ii) les informations relatives aux fonctions exercées par des individus (type de charge, lieux d’affectation, lieux d’attestation, dates d’exercice, etc.) ; (iii) les informations liées aux titres des individus (honorifiques, diplômes universitaires, dates de délivrance) ; (iv) et enfin des informations relatives aux relations interpersonnelles qui relient un officier à d’autres
Les diplomates de Louis le Grand. Quelques remarques sur les pratiques de l’écrit en Hongrie angevine
Authors: Csákó Judit 
Published: April 2020

L’article s’attache, en mettant l’accent sur l’époque des campagnes italiennes, à donner un aperçu sur le cercle de l’élite politique hongroise jouant un rôle diplomatique sous le règne de Louis Ier (dit le Grand) : le sujet permet d’aborder quelques questions liées à la culture politique de la Hongrie angevine. Un examen du « corps diplomatique » montre que les ambassadeurs dépêchés auprès du Saint-Siège, dans les cités italiennes ou en Angleterre appartiennent à un milieu culturel commun : celle de la cour royale. En dépit de l’importance accordée par Louis Ier à l’éducation de ses émissaires ecclésiatiques, les lettres du souverain – témoignages a priori de sa diplomatie – attestent plutôt la puissance d’un monarque prêt à défendre ses intérêts par la force militaire que la haute culture juridique des ses prélats.
Drivers and modelling of blue carbon stock variability in sediments of southeastern Australia
Authors: Ewers Lewis Carolyn J. , Young Mary A. , Ierodiaconou Daniel , Baldock Jeffrey A. , Hawke Bruce , Sanderman Jonathan , Carnell Paul E. , Macreadie Peter I. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Tidal marshes, mangrove forests, and seagrass meadows are
important global carbon (C) sinks, commonly referred to as coastal “blue
carbon”. However, these ecosystems are rapidly declining with little
understanding of what drives the magnitude and variability of C associated
with them, making strategic and effective management of blue C stocks
challenging. In this study, our aims were threefold: (1) identify ecological,
geomorphological, and anthropogenic variables associated with 30 cm deep
sediment C stock variability in blue C ecosystems in southeastern Australia, (2) create a predictive model of 30 cm deep sediment blue C stocks in southeastern
Australia, and (3) map regional 30 cm deep sediment blue C stock magnitude
and variability. We had the unique opportunity to use a
high-spatial-density C stock dataset of sediments to 30 cm deep from 96 blue
C ecosystems across the state of Victoria, Australia, integrated with
spatially explicit environmental data to reach these aims. We used an
information theoretic approach to create, average, validate, and select the
best averaged general linear mixed effects model for predicting C stocks
across the state. Ecological drivers (i.e. ecosystem type or ecological vegetation class) best explained variability in C stocks,
relative to geomorphological and anthropogenic drivers. Of the
geomorphological variables, distance to coast, distance to freshwater, and
slope best explained C stock variability. Anthropogenic variables were of
least importance. Our model explained 46 % of the variability in 30 cm
deep sediment C stocks, and we estimated over 2.31 million Mg C stored in the
top 30 cm of sediments in coastal blue C ecosystems in Victoria, 88 % of
which was contained within four major coastal areas due to the extent of
blue C ecosystems (∼87 % of total blue C ecosystem area).
Regionally, these data can inform conservation management, paired with
assessment of other ecosystem services, by enabling identification of
hotspots for protection and key locations for restoration efforts. We
recommend these methods be tested for applicability to other regions of the
globe for identifying drivers of sediment C stock variability and producing
predictive C stock models at scales relevant for resource management.
Potential predictability of marine ecosystem drivers
Authors: Frölicher Thomas L. , Ramseyer Luca , Raible Christoph C. , Rodgers Keith B. , Dunne John 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Climate variations can have profound impacts on marine
ecosystems and the socioeconomic systems that may depend upon them.
Temperature, pH, oxygen (O2) and net primary production (NPP) are
commonly considered to be important marine ecosystem drivers, but the
potential predictability of these drivers is largely unknown. Here, we use a
comprehensive Earth system model within a perfect modeling framework to
show that all four ecosystem drivers are potentially predictable on global
scales and at the surface up to 3 years in advance. However, there are
distinct regional differences in the potential predictability of these
drivers. Maximum potential predictability (>10 years) is found
at the surface for temperature and O2 in the Southern Ocean and for
temperature, O2 and pH in the North Atlantic. This is tied to ocean
overturning structures with “memory” or inertia with enhanced predictability
in winter. Additionally, these four drivers are highly potentially
predictable in the Arctic Ocean at the surface. In contrast, minimum
predictability is simulated for NPP (<1 years) in the Southern
Ocean. Potential predictability for temperature, O2 and pH increases
with depth below the thermocline to more than 10 years, except in the
tropical Pacific and Indian oceans, where predictability is also 3 to
5 years in the thermocline. This study indicating multi-year (at surface)
and decadal (subsurface) potential predictability for multiple ecosystem
drivers is intended as a foundation to foster broader community efforts in
developing new predictions of marine ecosystem drivers.
Age Limits in Youth Justice: A Comparative and Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Leenknecht Jantien , Put Johan , Veeckmans Katrijn 
Published: April 2020

Age Limits in Youth Justice
In each youth justice system, several age limits exist that indicate what type of reaction can and may be connected to the degree of responsibility that a person can already bear. Civil liability, criminal responsibility and criminal majority are examples of concepts on which age limits are based, but whose definition and impact is not always clear. Especially as far as the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) is concerned, confusion exists in legal doctrine. This is apparent from the fact that international comparison tables often show different MACRs for the same country. Moreover, the international literature often seems to define youth justice systems by means of a lower and upper limit, whereas such a dual distinction is too basic to comprehend the complex multilayer nature of the systems. This contribution therefore maps out and conceptually clarifies the different interpretations and consequences of the several age limits that exist within youth justice systems. To that extent, the age limits of six countries are analysed: Argentina, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Northern Ireland. This legal comparison ultimately leads to a proposal to establish a coherent conceptual framework on age limits in youth justice.
Human Rights Provisions in General Corporate Lending
Authors: de Boer W.B. , Scheltema M. 
Published: April 2020

Human Rights Provisions in General Corporate Lending
This article focusses on the role of banks in the area of human rights and corporate lending. By including contractual provisions on human rights in loan documentation, banks can manage human rights risks. Banks could hereby build on the emerging practice of the ‘sustainability linked loans’ by including predetermined sustainability targets focused on human rights. The international loan market currently lacks a level playing field on including human rights provisions. This article concludes with providing guidance for human rights provisions in loan agreements, based on standard loan market (LMA) documentation.
Populism as a Visual Communication Style
Authors: Straetemans Kevin 
Published: April 2020

Populism as a Visual Communication Style: An Exploratory Study of Populist Image Usage of Flemish Block/Interest in Belgium (1991-2018)
This article analyses the visual communication of the Flemish populist right-wing party Vlaams Blok/Vlaams Belang, and investigates whether or not the party uses a specific populist communication style in its campaign posters, whether or not its visual style evolves over time and how the party distinguishes itself from other (right-wing) parties in its use of images. To do this, the image use will be compared with the CVP/CD&V and the Volksunie/N-VA. This use of images will be investigated by analysing election posters from 1991 to 2018. The analysis shows that there is indeed a ‘populist visual style’. These items consist mainly of (negative) metaphors, false dilemmas, caricatures and the use of so-called ‘agonic’ visual techniques.
Geospatial Hotspots Need Point-of-Care Strategies to Stop Highly Infectious Outbreaks
Authors: Kost Gerald J. 
Published: April 2020

Context.—Point-of-care testing (POCT), diagnostic testing at or near the site of patient care, is inherently spatial, that is, performed at points of need, and also intrinsically temporal, because it produces fast actionable results. Outbreaks generate geospatial “hotspots.” POC strategies help control hotspots, detect spread, and speed treatment of highly infectious diseases.Objectives.—To stop outbreaks, accelerate detection, facilitate emergency response for epidemics, mobilize public health practitioners, enhance community resilience, and improve crisis standards of care.Data Sources.—PubMed, World-Wide Web, newsprint, and others were searched until Coronavirus infectious disease-19 was declared a pandemic, the United States, a national emergency, and Europe, the epicenter. Coverage comprised interviews in Asia, email to/from Wuhan, papers, articles, chapters, documents, maps, flowcharts, schematics, and geospatial-associated concepts. EndNote X9.1 (Clarivate Analytics) consolidated literature as abstracts, ULRs, and PDFs, recovering 136 hotspot articles. More than 500 geospatial science articles were assessed for relevance to POCT.Conclusions.—POCT can interrupt spirals of dysfunction and delay by enhancing disease detection, decision-making, contagion containment, and safe spacing, thereby softening outbreak surges and diminishing risk before human, economic, and cultural losses mount. POCT results identify where infected individuals spread Coronavirus infectious disease-19, when delays cause death, and how to deploy resources. Results in national cloud databases help optimize outbreak control, mitigation, emergency response, and community resilience. The Coronavirus infectious disease-19 pandemic demonstrates unequivocally that governments must support POCT and multidisciplinary healthcare personnel must learn its principles, then adopt POC geospatial strategies, so that onsite diagnostic testing can ramp up to meet needs in times of crisis.
Los inmigrantes españoles en Concepción (Paraguay). Entre la Guerra Guazú y la reconstrucción nacional (1869-1932)
Authors: Webb Philip Duncan 
Published: April 2020

El presente trabajo analiza el colectivo español en Concepción entre finales de la Guerra de la Triple Alianza y la Guerra del Chaco (1869-1932). La investigación se desarrolla tratando primero la inmediata posguerra (1869-1879), las estrategias de reconstrucción y la llegada de los primeros inmigrantes. Posteriormente, se somete a consideración la consolidación económica que experimentó la villa de Concepción entre 1880 y 1898 así como el papel ejercido por los españoles en este proceso. Finalmente, y tomando también como eje la aportación de la inmigración española, versa sobre la modernización arquitectónica, asociativa, infraestructural y productiva de la ciudad y el interior de la zona de Concepción (actuales Departamentos de Concepción, Amambay y el norte de San Pedro) entre 1899 y 1932.
This paper analyses the Spanish community in Concepción from the end of the Triple Alliance War to the Chaco War (1869-1932). The immediate post-war period (1869-1879), reconstruction strategies and the arrival of the first immigrants are examined first. The paper then considers the economic development that Concepción experienced between 1880 and 1898, as well as the role played by Spanish residents in this process. Finally, attention is given to the architectural, associative, infrastructural and productive modernisation of the city and the broader region of Concepción (the modern Departments of Concepción, Amambay and northern San Pedro) between 1899 and 1932, once again with reference to Spanish immigration.
Fray Bartolomé de Olmedo: una retórica de la Merced en la Nueva España, siglos XVII al XVIII
Authors: Guzmán Guzmán Yolanda 
Published: April 2020

La presencia de la orden de la Merced en la Nueva España comienza con el paso de fray Bartolomé de Olmedo junto a las huestes de Hernán Cortés como capellán; en la tradición histórica mercedaria, el fraile fue el primer evangelizador del virreinato. El objetivo de este artículo es indagar en cómo, por quiénes y por qué La Merced enfatizó a este capellán del conquistador hasta un siglo después. Se trata de demostrar que, al enfatizar la memoria de Olmedo, los mercedarios novohispanos insertaron a su orden al mismo nivel, o incluso por encima, de las órdenes mendicantes que protagonizaron la cristianización de los naturales. Recurrir a este relato permitió que a lo largo del siglo XVII se construyera un argumento retórico que las autoridades mercedarias utilizaban cada vez que pedían una limosna al rey o gestionaban una fundación en las audiencias de México o Nueva Galicia.
The presence of the Order of Mercy in New Spain begins with fray Bartolome de Olmedo’s steps next to the troops of Hernan Cortes as his Chaplain during the conquest. In the Historic Mercedarian Tradition, this friar was the first missionary in the Viceroyalty, who converted Indians to Christianity. The objective of this article is to inquire into How, Who and Why the Order of Mercy emphasized this Chaplain until the Seventeenth Century. My proposal is to prove that, recovering the forgotten memory of Olmedo allowed Mercedarians to write their role in the history of Evangelization, at the same level, or above, of the Missionary Orders in New Spain. Appealing to this tradition, friars created, or invented, a rhetorical argument, during the Seventeenth, that Mercedarian authorities used every time they asked royal alms or negotiated a new foundation in Audiencias of Mexico and New Galicia.
Militancia juvenil católica en Uruguay (1966-1973): un acercamiento a sus estrategias de incidencia en la Universidad
Authors: García Mourelle Lorena 
Published: April 2020

En este trabajo se propone una aproximación al estudio de las estrategias que emplearon algunas agrupaciones estudiantiles católicas en Uruguay en pro de incidir dentro del ámbito universitario. A partir de una metodología histórica y cualitativa se identifican las continuidades y rupturas de las formas utilizadas por dichos grupos para alcanzar una mayor influencia en la Universidad de la República, única institución universitaria en la época. Se procura contribuir al estudio del pasado reciente desde un enfoque innovador que coloca la atención en discursos y prácticas desplegadas por sectores juveniles del catolicismo provenientes de la Acción Católica especializada, descuidados por los investigadores nacionales. De este modo, se busca enriquecer la comprensión de procesos locales insertándolos en contextos más amplios a nivel regional latinoamericano y global signados por la Guerra Fría.
This paper proposes an approach to the study of the strategies used by some Catholic student groups in Uruguay in order to in order to influence within the university. From a historical and qualitative methodology, it identifies the continuities and ruptures of the forms used by these groups to reach a greater influence at Universidad de la República, the only university institution at the time, are identified. It seeks to contribute to the study of the recent past from an innovative approach that places attention on speeches and practices deployed by youth sectors of Catholicism from the specialized Catholic Action neglected by national researchers. In this way, it seeks to enrich the understanding of local processes by inserting them into broader contexts at the Latin American regional level and at a global level marked by the Cold War.
REG γ knockdown suppresses proliferation by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in osteosarcoma
Authors: Yin Zhiqiang , Jin Hao , Huang Shibo , Qu Guofan , Meng Qinggang 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor with high mortality in children and adolescents. REG γ is overexpressed and plays oncogenic roles in various types of human cancers. However, the expression and potential roles of REG γ in osteosarcoma are elusive. This study aims at exploring possible biological functions of REG γ in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma and its underlying mechanism.MethodsQuantitativereverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting andimmunohistochemistry (IHC)were performed to detect the expression levels of REG γ in OS tissues and cell lines. Then, the effects of REG γ expression on OS cell proliferation in vitro were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), ethylene deoxyuridine (EdU), colony formation, flow cytometry. The protein levels of apoptosis and cell-cycle related proteins were evaluated using western blotting.ResultsIn present study, we found for the first time that REG γ is overexpressed in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines and knockdown of REG γ significantly inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, we observed that p21, caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 are increased while the expression of cycinD1 and bcl-2 are decreased after REG γ depletion in osteosarcoma cells. In conclusion, REG γ may be involved in the proliferation of osteosarcoma and serve as a novel therapeutic target in patients with osteosarcoma.
AVALIAÇÃO DA DEMANDA DE ÁGUA DEVIDO A DIFERENTES PRESSÕES EM BACIAS SANITÁRIAS COM CAIXA ACOPLADA EM EDIFÍCIOS RESIDENCIAIS
Authors: Silva Gelcimara Bento da , Tachini Mário , Rohden Abrahão Bernardo 
Published: April 2020

O estudo da pressão em mecanismos de acionamento (MAC) de reparo para bacias sanitárias pode proporcionar uma diminuição considerável no consumo de água em unidades residenciais, tornando o sistema mais econômico e sustentável. As bacias sanitárias são um dos aparelhos responsáveis pelo maior consumo de água e a alta pressão é um fator agravante. Esse consumo se deve a perda de água que pode acontecer quando ocorre o reenchimento da caixa, enquanto o botão de acionamento está sendo pressionado. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o consumo de água em bacias sanitárias com caixa acoplada utilizando três tipos de modelos de MAC para reparo que foram submetidos a diferentes pressões. Foi acionada a descarga durante dois tempos, 1 e 2 s, sendo que para cada tempo se adotou quatro diferentes valores de pressão, 10, 20, 30 e 36 m.c.a., repetindo-se o procedimento dez vezes para cada combinação e para cada MAC. O MAC 3 foi o que apresentou a maior variação média de consumo de água que ficou entre 6,57 L e 7,55 L. O aumento do consumo de água pelo MAC gerou um impacto econômico R$ 5.439,28 na fatura de água e esgoto anual em um edifício multifamiliar, com 48 apartamentos distribuídos em 12 pavimentos.
Isolation and Characterization of DNA from Root Tubers
Authors: Dawodu O. G. , Agbeni O. R. , Iwu V. 
Published: April 2020

This study reports a modified SDS extraction technique for isolation of DNA from root tubers namely Dioscorea (yam), Manihot esculenta (cassava) and Colocasia esculenta (cocoyam). DNA extraction in many plants is very difficult because of secondary metabolites that interfere with DNA isolation procedure. Young fresh leaves were collected from the selected tubers and DNA extracted using SDS-extraction protocol, the DNA isolated from the extracted leaves was subjected to gel electrophoresis for determining their purity and concentration and PCR amplification was carried out on the extracted DNA, afterwards gel-electrophoresis was performed for molecular weight determination of the samples. DNA sequencing were performed on both reverse and forward using Sanger sequencing method which gave the nucleotide bases of the samples. DNA isolated by modified SDS protocol method was pure and highest level of purity was obtained from Manihot esculenta, Colocasia esculenta and Dioscorea which are 1.77, 1.72 and 1.20 with concentration of 537.7 ng/µl, 992.4 ng/µl and 149.8 ng/µl respectively.
The DNA isolated from root tubers was pure and of good quality, and the isolated DNA was characterized by sequencing. The isolated DNA was successfully sequenced which coded for marker genes of the respective root tubers.