bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies adopted by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in response to phosphorus deficiency and their role on growth
Authors: Chen Xiaoyan , Dolinova Iva , Sevcu Alena , Jurczak Tomasz , Frankiewicz Piotr , Wojtal-Frankiewicz Adrianna , Wan Lingling , Deng Qinghui , Song Chunlei , Zhou Yiyong , Cao Xiuyun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The N2-fixing cyanobacterium, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae is a globally distributed bloom causing species that degrades water quality of freshwater and ocean worldwide. Overcoming phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the ecological advantages for bloom forming cyanobacteria. It remains unclear to what extent can A. flos-aquae alleviate P deficiency by regulating P using strategies.Results: Based on in situ observations of extracellular alkaline phosphatase (APase) in A. flos-aquae via enzyme-labeled fluorescence in freshwater bodies in China, Poland and Czechia, we further investigated responses of isolated A. flos-aquae to different P supplies (sufficient inorganic P (Pi) as +DIP, α-glycerophosphate and β-glycerophosphate as +DOPα and +DOPβ, P-free condition as -P). The significantly negative relationships between percentage of APase producing cells and soluble reactive P concentration in fields and cultures respectively suggested that the excretion of APase was regulated by ambient Pi supply. Suffering from extreme P deficiency in the -P treatments, A. flos-aquae showed the highest APase activity reaching a vigorous growth at the early stage, which might also benefit from the formation of polyphosphate body (PPB) and the decrease of cellular P content. In the +DOP treatments, the coordination of dissolved organic P (DOP) mineralization and continuous utilization and formation of PPB might contribute to a maintenance but not reproduction of A. flos-aquae when relying on DOP, since the highest cell density reached only 13.38% of that in +DIP treatments while photochemical efficiency was comparable during the whole experiment. Luxury uptake of phosphate as PPB in the +DIP treatments was consistent to the canonical view of polyphosphate as P storage. Conclusion: A. flos-aquae could achieve an instantaneous growth in response to P deficiency with the coordination of P utilization strategies, while only a long-term sustainable growth could be maintained under DOP condition. Persistent and active reproduction could only be achieved in high Pi supply, which implying that an effective consequence can be expected for combating the bloom of A. flos-aquae when controlling P supply.
Factors associated with low fifth minute Apgar score in term and preterm singleton live births in a Ghanaian hospital
Authors: Abukari Alhassan Sibdow , Mohammed Shamsudeen , Awuni Nathaniel , Yakubu Ibrahim , Yakubu Adam , Yakubu Sumani 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Apgar score remains the most effective measure of newborn health outcomes in the first few minutes of delivery and it is useful in diagnosing perinatal asphyxia and metabolic acidosis. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Baptist Medical Centre in the North East Region of Ghana. For the period January 1 to December 31 2018, we extracted information on 3011 women who delivered at the facility from birth records. Binary logistic regression models were used to determine the factors associated with low fifth minute Apgar score, preterm low fifth minute Apgar score, and term low fifth minute Apgar score.Results :Nearly half of the participants had experienced 2 to 5 pregnancies (47.1%) and had given birth to 2 to 5 children (47.7%). Most of the women delivered at 37 weeks gestation or more (87.6%), attended 1 to 4 antenatal care visits (53.2%), and received 1 to 3 doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (70.9%). The majority of the newborns weighed 2.5kg or more at birth (90.7%), were delivered through the vagina (79.8%), and a little over half of them (51.40%) were males. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found evidence that multigravid women were 0.67 (95% CI 0.49 - 0.90) times less likely to deliver a child with low fifth minute Apgar score while delivery at less than 37 weeks gestation, birth weight of less than 2.5kg, and caesarean delivery were associated with increased odds of low fifth minute Apgar score. For infants born at term, being born to a multigravid mother was protective against low fifth minute Apgar score while delivery through caesarean section increased the odds of low fifth minute Apgar score among this group of newborns. Among preterm infants, our study found strong evidence that those born with low birth weight (<2.5kg) had about 4 times the odds of suffering low fifth minute Apgar score compared to those with normal birth weight.Conclusion:In designing interventions to improve the survival and the Apgar score of newborns, measures to properly diagnose and prevent preterm delivery and low birth weight should be of great concern.
Performance of Diffusion and Perfusion MRI in Evaluating Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas of Different Locations
Authors: Xing Zhen , Kang Nannan , Lin Yu , Zhou Xiaofang , Xiao Zebin , Cao Dairong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diffusion and perfusion MRI can invasively define physical properties and angiogenic features of tumors, and guide the individual treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the diffusion and perfusion MRI parameters of primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) are related to the tumor locations.MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the diffusion, perfusion, and conventional MRI of 68 patients with PCNSLs at different locations (group 1: cortical gray matter, group 2: white matter, group 3: deep gray matter). Relative maximum cerebral blood volume (rCBV max ) from perfusion MRI, minimum apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC min ) from DWI of each group were calculated and compared by one-way ANOVA test.RESULTS The rCBV max of PCNSLs yielded the lowest value in the white matter group, and the highest value in the cortical gray matter group ( P <0.001). However, the ADC min of each subgroup was not statistically different.CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that rCBV max of PCNSLs are related to the tumor location, and provide simple but effective information for guiding clinical practice of PCNSLs.
An amyloid sensitive composite model to determine subtle cognitive differences in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Hahn Alice Min Jung , Kim Young Ju , Kim Hee Jin , Jang Hyemin , Na Duk L. , Chin Juhee , Seo Sang Won 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Recently, the focus of Alzheimer's disease (AD) research has shifted from the clinical and symptomatic stage to the preclinical and asymptomatic stage. However, studies on the distinctive neuropsychological features of preclinical AD with adjusted measurement errors are insufficient. The present study aimed to investigate the distinctive cognitive features of preclinical AD and develop a cognitive composite model that can sensitively distinguish between the amyloid positive (Aβ+) and amyloid negative (Aβ-) status in cognitively normal (CN) elderly participants.
Methods: A total of 423 CN elderly participants with amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) images were recruited. Using the multiple-indicator multiple-cause (MIMIC) model, sensitive cognitive domains to the Aβ+ group were found. Then, several cognitive tests were selected to create the cognitive composite model as a result of the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
Results: The MIMIC model revealed that the domains of episodic memory (verbal and visual) and executive functions were significantly different between Aβ- and Aβ+ ( p <0.05) participants. According to MANCOVA, the Seoul Verbal Learning Test-Elderly’s version (SVLT-E) and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT) both distinguished between the Aβ+ group and the Aβ- group on the delayed recall tests in terms of episodic memory ( p <0.1). Furthermore, on tests of executive functions, the Aβ+ group performed worse than the Aβ- group in color reading of the Korean-Color Word Stroop test (K-CWST) and the animal naming of the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) ( p <0.1). Consequently, the Preclinical Amyloid Sensitive Composite (PASC) model was comprised of SVLT-E delayed recall, RCFT delayed recall, K-CWST color reading, COWAT-animal, and the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) according to the results from our study and previous studies.
Conclusions: In the present study, we developed our own composite PASC model with the distinctive cognitive profiles of Aβ+ CN individuals. Hence, this composite model can eventually contribute to not only early detection but also early interventions for AD.
Sociodemographic, health and fracture profiles of a 4-year cohort of 266,324 first incident upper extremity fractures in Ontario.
Authors: MacDermid Joy Christine , McClure J Andrew , Richard Lucie , Jaglal Susan , Faber Kenneth J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background The purpose of this study was to describe 1st incident fractures of the upper extremity in terms of fracture characteristics, demographics, social deprivation and comorbid health profiles. Methods:Cases with a 1st adult upper extremity fracture from the years 2013 to 2017 were extracted from administrative data in Ontario, (population 14.3M). Fracture locations (ICD-10 codes) and associated characteristics (open/closed, associated hospitalization within 1-day, associated nerve or tendon injury) were described by fracture type, age category and sex. Fracture comorbidity characteristics were described in terms of the prevalence of diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis; and the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Social marginalization was expressed using the Ontario Marginalization Index (ON-Marg) for material deprivation, dependency, residential instability, ethnic concentration. ResultsFrom 266,324 first incident UE fractures occurring over 4 years, 51.5% were in women and 48.5% were in men. This masked large differences in age-sex profiles. Most commonly affected were the hand (93K), wrist/forearm(80K), shoulder (48K) or elbow (35K). The highest number of fractures: distal radius (DRF, 47.4K), metacarpal (30.4K), phalangeal (29.9K), distal phalangeal (24.4K), proximal humerus (PHF, 21.7K), clavicle (15.1K), radial head (13.9K), and scaphoid fractures (13.2K). The most prevalent multiple fractures included: multiple radius and ulna fractures (11.8K), fractures occurring in multiple regions of the upper extremity (8.7K), or multiple regions in the forearm (8.4K). Fractures most common in 18 – 40-year-old men included metacarpal and finger fractures. A large increase in fractures in women over the age of 50 occurred for: DRF, PHF and radial head. Tendon (0.6% overall; 8.2% in multiple finger fractures) or nerve injuries (0.3% overall, 1.5% in distal humerus) were rarely reported. Fractures were open in 4.7%, highest for distal phalanx (23%). Diabetes occurred in 15.3%, highest in PHF (29.7%). Rheumatoid arthritis occurred more commonly in women (2.8% vs 0.8% men). The Charlson Index indicated low comorbidity (mean=0.2; median=0: 2.4% 3+), highest in PHF (median=0; 6.6% 3+). Higher fracture burden was related to instability (excess of fractures in lower 2 quartiles 4.8%), although social indices varied by fracture type. ConclusionsFracture specific prevention strategies should consider fracture-specific age-sex interactions, health, behavioural and social risks
Reducing river export of nutrients and eutrophication in Lake Dianchi in the future
Authors: Ma Chuan , Strokal Maryna , Kroeze Carolien , Wang Mengru , Li Xiaolin , Hofstra Nynke , Ma Lin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Lake Dianchi is severely polluted with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The effects of implementing environmental policies and technologies on future lake quality are not well understood. We analyse effects of environmental policies and technologies on future river export of nutrients into Lake Dianchi. We develop scenarios for 2050 and analyse these with the existing MARINA-Lakes model (Model to Assess River Inputs of Nutrient to lAkes). The scenarios differ in assumptions about future nutrient management in agriculture, sewage systems and mining. In the SSP3 (Shared Socio-economic Pathway 3) scenario, river export of nutrients to Lake Dianchi is projected to increase 1.4–4.4 times between 2012 and 2050. In the Current Policies scenario, rivers may export fewer nutrients than in SSP3, but this may not avoid eutrophication. Effects of improved nutrient management on river export of nutrients differ among nutrient forms, sub-basins and sources (e.g., urbanization in the north, agriculture in the middle and south). Pollution levels can be reduced below the 2012 level in an Optimistic scenario assuming advanced wastewater treatment, improved nutrient management in agriculture and no mining. However, even this may not completely prevent eutrophication. Preventing eutrophication requires even more efforts, for example, in implementing circular-oriented management options.
One-step synthesis of zerovalent-iron–biochar composites to activate persulfate for phenol degradation
Authors: Yao Shu-hua , Chen Xue-jing , Gomez Mario Alberto , Ma Xi-chun , Wang Hai-bo , Zang Shu-yan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A novel zerovalen-iron–biochar composite (nZVI/SBC) was synthesized by using FeCl3-laden sorghum straw biomass as the raw material via a facile one-step pyrolysis method without additional chemical reactions (e.g., by NaBH4 reduction or thermochemical reduction). The nZVI/SBC was successfully employed as an activator in phenol degradation by activated persulfate. XRD, SEM, N2 adsorption–desorption and atomic absorption spectrophotometry analysis showed that the nanosized Fe0 was the main component of the 4ZVI/SBC activator, which was a mesopore material with an optimal FeCl3·6H2O/biomass impregnation mass ratio of 2.7 g/g. The 4ZVI/SBC activator showed an efficient degradation of phenol (95.65% for 30 min at 25 °C) with a large specific surface area of 78.669 m2·g−1. The recovery of 4ZVI/SBC activator after the degradation reaction of phenol can be realized with the small amount of dissolved iron in the water. The 4ZVI/SBC activator facilitated the activation of persulfate to degrade phenol into non-toxic CO2 and H2O. The trend of Cl−, SO42− and NO3− affected the removal efficiency of phenol by using the 4ZVI/SBC activator in the following order: NO3− &gt; SO42− &gt; Cl−. The one-step synthesis of the nanosized zerovalent-iron–biochar composite was feasible and may be applied as an effective strategy for controlling organic waste (e.g. phenol) by waste biomass.
A Computational Study of Natural Compounds from Bacopa monnieri in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Jamal Qazi M.S. , Siddiqui Mughees U. , Alharbi Ali H. , Albejaidi Fahad , Akhtar Salman , Alzohairy Mohammad A. , Kamal Mohammad A. , Kesari Kavindra K. 
Published: January 2020

:
Keeping in view the public health-related issues of Alzheimer's disease (AD), its unpredictable occurrence
and progression indicate the needs for best treatment options. The present bioinformatics study explores the
binding pattern and molecular interactions between human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase
(BuChE) enzymes with natural compounds from Bacopa monnieri. The docking analysis between natural compounds
as a ligand and AChE, BuChE as a receptor was completed using MGL tools Autodock 4.2 module. The
analysis of the hydrophobic interactions, inhibition constants, and hydrogen bonds may indicates that they play a
significant role in finding out the interacting position at the active site. However, after analyzing the binding
energy (ΔG), the documented data shows that bacoside X, bacoside A, 3-beta-D-glucosylstigmasterol and daucosterol
could be good inhibitors in the inhibition of AChE and BuChE activities. Therefore, our study indicates that
the inhibition constants of the aforesaid natural compounds of Bacopa can be utilized for the development of
inhibitors.
Green-Synthesized FeSO4 Nanoparticles Exhibit Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activity by DNA Degradation
Authors: Bharath B. , Sasidharan Santanu , Bhamidipati Sai K. , Saudagar Prakash 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
The current study reports a green, rapid and one-pot synthesis of FeSO4 nanoparticles
using Hibiscus rosasinensis floral extract as a reducing and capping agent. 0.5M of FeSO4 was
stirred with the floral extract of H. rosasinensis for around 20 minutes at 37ºC and pH 7.

Methods:
The development of pink color was considered as the endpoint of reduction and the nanoparticles
were characterized by UV-Vis spectrum, EDAX, DLS, FTIR, FESEM, and XRD. UV-Vis spectral
analysis indicated a peak at 530 nm and EDAX measurement revealed the presence of Fe, S, O and
C elements in the nanoparticle sample. The FTIR analysis showed amines, alcohol and alkene groups
that act as capping agents for the produced nanoparticles. FESEM and XRD determination presented
FeSO4 nanoparticles of 40-60 nm in size. The synthesized nanoparticles were found to have antibacterial
activity against 6 pathogenic bacteria with MIC and MBC of 40 mg/mL.

Results:
To determine the toxicity at the eukaryotic level, brine shrimp toxicity assay was conducted
and 100% mortality was found at concentrations >0.06 mg/mL. Gel shift assay suggested the mechanism
of toxicity of FeSO4 NPs by binding and degradation of DNA molecules.

Conclusion:
From the results, the authors demonstrate the ease of green synthesis of FeSO4 nanoparticles
and its bioactivity that may have potential applications as drugs and drug delivery systems against
various diseases.
Effect of Different Aβ Aggregates as Antigen on the Measure of Naturally Occurring Autoantibodies against Amyloid-β40/42 in IVIG
Authors: Cao Haijun , Du Xi , Zeng Renyong , Lv Zhaoji , Ye Shengliang , Jiang Peng , Wang Zongkui , Ma Li , Huang Yun , Li Changqing , Zhang Rong , Liu Fengjuan 
Published: January 2020

Background:
The specific Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) for Alzheimer’s Disease
(AD) is developing, which contains a high level of naturally occurring autoantibodies against amyloid-β
(nAbs-Aβ), and the measure of nAbs-Aβ content is greatly essential. Though Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent
Assay (ELISA) has been widely used in detecting the nAbs-Aβ content, the impact of Aβ aggregates
species chosen as antigen in ELISA on this measure has not been evaluated.

Objective:
To clarify the influence of different Aβ40/42 aggregates as antigen during ELISA on the content
of nAbs-Aβ40/42 measured in IVIG.

Method:
Preparation of various Aβ40/42 aggregates was performed by different aggregation solutions and
various lengths of time, and analyzed by western blot. Different Aβ40/42 aggregates as antigen were
adopted to measure the nAbs-Aβ40/42 content in IVIG by ELISA, and the control was carried out to reduce
interference of nonspecific binding. The Bonferroni and Dunnett’s T3 were used
for statistical analysis.

Results:
The duration for the formation of Aβ40/42 aggregates had more effect on detecting nAbs-Aβ40/42
content in IVIG than the aggregation solution. Higher content of nAbs-Aβ40/42 in the same IVIG was
displayed when measured with Aβ40/42 aggregates at day 3, instead of at day 0.5 and day 7.0. The nAbs-
Aβ40/42 contents in the same IVIG measured with Aβ40/42 aggregates prepared in different solutions were
obviously different, but there was no significant regularity among them.

Conclusion:
The nAbs-Aβ40/42 content in the same IVIG is significantly different when measured with
Aβ40/42 aggregated under different conditions. The nAbs-Aβ40/42 content in IVIG by antigen-dependent
measures, like ELISA, is uncertain.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 4-phenoxypyridine Derivatives Containing Semicarbazones Moiety as Potential c-Met Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Li Jun , Li Jie , Zhang Jiaojiao , Shi Jiantao , Ding Shi , Liu Yajing , Chen Ye , Liu Ju 
Published: January 2020

Background:
The Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor (HGFR) c-Met is over-expressed and/or
mutated in various human tumor types. Dysregulation of c-Met/HGF signaling pathway affects cell proliferation,
survival and motility, leading to tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Therefore, c-Met has become
an attractive target for cancer therapy.

Objective:
This study is aimed to evaluate a new series of 4-phenoxypyridine derivatives containing semicarbazones
moiety for its cytotoxicity.

Methods:
A series of novel 4-phenoxypyridines containing semicarbazone moieties were synthesized and
evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activities against MKN45 and A549 cancer cell lines and some selected
compounds were further examined for their inhibitory activity against c-Met kinase. In order to evaluate the
mechanism of cytotoxic activity of compound 24, cell cycle analysis, Annexin V/PI staining assay, AO/EB
assay, wound-healing assay and docking analysis with c-Met were performed.

Results:
The results indicated that most of the compounds showed moderate to good antitumor activity. The
compound 28 showed well cytotoxic activity against MKN45 and A549 cell lines with IC50 values of 0.25μM
and 0.67μM, respectively. Compound 24 showed good activity on c-Met and its IC50 value was 0.093μM.

Conclusion:
Their preliminary Structure-Activity Relationships (SARs) studies indicated that electronwithdrawing
groups on the terminal phenyl rings are beneficial for improving the antitumor activity. Treatments
of MKN45 cells with compound 24 resulted in cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and induced apoptosis in a
dose-dependent manner. In addition, AO/EB assays indicated 24 induced dose-dependent apoptosis of A549
and MKN45 cells. Wound-healing assay results indicated that compound 24 strongly inhibited A549 cell
motility.