bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on biological damage in bone in vibrational drilling
Authors: Alam Khurshid , Iqbal Muhammad , Umer Jamal , Amjad Muhammad , Al-Ghaithi Ahmed 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: Drilling is a well-known mechanical operation performed for fixing fracture at required locations in bone. The process may produce mechanical and thermal alterations in the structure of the bone and surrounding tissues leading to irreversible damage known as osteonecrosis. OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of this study was to measure the level of biological damage in bone when a drill assisted by low and high levels of vibrations is penetrated into bone tissue. METHODS: Histopathology examination of sections of bones has been performed after drilling the bone using a range of vibrational frequency and rotational speed imposed on the drill with and without supply of saline for cooling. RESULTS: Cell damage in bone was caused by the combined effect of drill speed and frequency of vibrations. Histopathology examination revealed more damage to bone cells when a frequency higher than 20 kHz was used in the absence of cooling. Cooling the drilling region helped minimize cell damage more at a shallow depth of drilling compared to deep drilling in the cortex of cortical bone. The contribution of cooling in minimizing cell damage was higher with a lower drill speed and frequency compared to a higher drill speed and frequency. CONCLUSION: Vibrational drilling using a lower drill speed and frequency below 25 kHz in the presence of cooling was found to be favorable for safe and efficient drilling in bone.
Analysis of immunoglobulin heavy variable chain rearrangement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients among Chornobyl clean-up workers
Authors: Abramenko I.V. , Bilous N.I. , Chumak A.A. , Dyagil I.S. , Martina Z.V. 
Published: September 2020

Summary. Background: A number of epidemiological studies have shown an elevated radiation-associated risk for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The aim of the paper was to analyze immunoglobulin heavy variable chain (IGHV) rearrangement and IGHV usage in CLL cases associated with ionizing radiation (IR) exposure. Materials and Methods: Samples of 76 clean-up workers of Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident of 1986 (the main group) and 194 non-exposed patients (the control group) were analyzed. Two groups of CLL patients were comparable by gender (all patients were male), age, and place of residence (rural or urban). Results: Some features of IR-associated CLL cases as compared to CLL cases in patients without history of IR exposure were revealed. Among unmutated IGHV sequences, IGHV1 genes were less commonly used (29.4% vs 48.6%; p = 0.018), while the frequency of IGHD6 genes was higher (23.5% vs 10%; p = 0.029). The unmutated IGHV sequences did not use IGHD3-16 gene (0% vs 7.9%, p = 0.038). Mutated IGHV sequences were less frequently expressed IGHV3 genes (44% vs 68.5%; p = 0.037) due low representation of IGHV3-21 (4% vs 11.1%) and IGHV3-23 (0% vs 11.1%) genes; did not use IGHD3-22 gene (0% vs 18.5%, p = 0.025); and have signs of positive selection in the HCDR regions (Σ = 0.5029 ± 0.155 vs –0.0539 ± 0.14; p = 0.013). Conclusions: The revealed differences in IGHV gene usage and B-cell receptor structure in the main and the control groups of CLL patients indirectly indicate a change in the spectrum of antigens associated with CLL under IR exposure. The possible antigenic drivers associated with CLL associated with IR exposure are discussed.
Pendekatan Lean Manufacturing dalam Proses Produksi Kerajinan Bordir Sulaman dengan Metode Manajemen Berbasis Aktivitas
Authors: Anizar  , A. Rahim Matondang  , Hamida Hasan  , Delilah Mentari  
Published: September 2020

Sulam bayangan merupakan produk sektor kreatif yang berkontribusi bagi produk domestik bruto namun menuntut efisiensi dan efektivitas untuk memenangkan persaingan antar pelaku usaha. Efisiensi akan mengurangi waste aktivitas produksi dan mengurangi biaya produksi yang dibutuhkan. Pada proses produksi kerajinan sulam bayangan masih terdapat waste berupa aktivitas yang tidak bernilai tambah yang berpengaruh terhadap output produksi. Permasalahan tersebut dapat diselesaikan dengan pendekatan lean manufacturing untuk menciptakan continuous improvement pada proses produksi dengan metode Activity Based Management (ABM). Penerapan ABM menciptakan efisiensi biaya yang menekankan pengelolaan bisnis berdasarkan aktivitas. Perbaikan yang dilakukan yaitu eliminasi dan penggabungan elemen kerja pemeriksaan motif dan sulaman. Hasilnya adalah efisiensi biaya produksi sebesar 4,89% dan waktu produksi sebesar 6,07%.

Shadow embroidery is a creative sector product that contributes to gross domestic products but requires funds and assistance to win competition among companies. Efficiency will reduce production waste and reduce the required production costs. In the process of producing shadow embroidery craft it is still a waste containing activities that are not added added to the production output. These problems can be discussed with lean manufacturing to create continuous improvement in the production process with the Activity Based Management (ABM) method. Implementation of AB Creating cost efficiency that governs business management based on activity. The improvements made are elimination and incorporation of work elements to examine motifs and embroidery. Total production costs amounted to 4.89% and production costs amounted to 6.07%.
Pengaruh Pengendalian Biaya Produksi Terhadap Produktivitas Perusahaan Pada PT. XYZ
Authors: Rizki Alfi  
Published: September 2020

PT. XYZ merupakan perusahaan sarung tangan karet terbesar di Sumatra Utara.Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh PT. XYZ adalah pengendalian biaya produksi yang dilakukan pada saat ini dilihat kurang begitu baik. Hal ini diamati dari realisasi biaya produksi pada PT. XYZ terjadi ketidak stabilan ketika jumlah produksinya sedikit biaya tenaga kerja yang keluar lebih besar dibandingkan dengan bulan lainnya yang memproduksi dengan jumlah banyak, hal yang sama juga terjadi pada biaya bahan material dan biaya overhead pabrik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui produktivitas perusahaan pada PT. XYZ dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengendalian biaya produksi terhadap produktivitas perusahaan.Analisis data menggunakan metode regresi linier berganda untuk melihat biaya mana dari komponen biaya produksi yang paling berpengaruh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produktivitas pada PT. XYZ dengan menggunakan produktivitas total didapat hasil produktivitas tertinggi dan terendah pada bulan Januari dan Maret sebesar 99,46% dan 98,45% hal ini menunjukkan produktivitas pada perusahaan tergolong baik, hanya saja kurang stabil serta berdasarkan uji serempak (Uji F) dan Uji parsial (Uji t) yang dilakukan biaya produksi mempunyai pengaruh terhadap jumlah produksi/produktivitas perusahaan. Disarankan kepada pihak PT. XYZ untuk lebih memperhatikan produktivitas perusahaan serta melakukan pengendalian biaya produksi dengan lebih efektif.

PT. XYZ is the largest rubber glove company in North Sumatra. The problems faced by PT. XYZ is the control of production costs which is done at this time is seen not so good. This was observed from the realization of production costs at PT. XYZ occurs instability when the amount of production is small, the labor costs that come out are greater than other months that produce in large quantities, the same thing also happens to the cost of materials and factory overhead costs. The purpose of this study was to determine the company's productivity at PT. XYZ and to determine the effect of controlling production costs on company productivity. Data analysis uses multiple linear regression methods to see which costs are the most influential components of production costs. The results showed productivity at PT. XYZ by using total productivity obtained the highest and lowest productivity results in January and March of 99.46% and 98.45%, this shows the productivity of the company is quite good, it's just less stable and based on simultaneous test (F test) and partial test (T test) conducted production costs have an influence on the amount of production / productivity of the company. It is recommended to PT. XYZ to pay more attention to company productivity and control production costs more effectively.
Optimalisasi Kebutuhan Material untuk Produksi Bahan Bakar Minyak Menggunakan Metode Material Requirement Planning
Authors: Gasha Idhar Yamanda  , Qurtubi  , Dwi Handayani  
Published: September 2020

Artikel ini membahas optimalisasi kebutuhan material untuk produksi bahan bakar minyak jenis A di sebuah perusahaan yang mengolah crude oil menjadi bahan bakar minyak, non-bahan bakar minyak, dan bahan bakar khusus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan penjadalan kebutuhan material dalam pengolahan produk A. Metode yang digunakan adalah Material Requirement Planning (MRP). Hasil blending produk A sebanyak 8463,6 KL/day membutuhkan komponen SR Naphtha sebesar 917 KL/day, RCC Naphtha sebesar 498,2 KL/day, HOMC sebesar 469,5 KL/day. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan menggunakan metode MRP jumlah produksi yang direncanakan telah sesuai dengan STS bulan September 2018 yang menunjukkan hasil yang optimum, artinya tidak ada produk berlebih yang dapat mengakibatkan penambahan biaya.

This article discusses the optimization of material requirements for the production of type A fuel oil in a company that processes crude oil into fuel oil, non-fuel oil, and special fuel. The purpose of this study is to determine the scheduling of material requirements in product processing A. The method used is Material Requirement Planning (MRP). The results of product A blending as many as 8463.6 KL / day require SR Naphtha components of 917 KL / day, RCC Naphtha of 498.2 KL / day, HOMC of 469.5 KL / day. Based on the results of calculations using the MRP method the amount of production planned is in accordance with the STS of September 2018 which shows the optimum results, meaning that there are no excess products that can result in additional costs.
Pasar Tradisional: Pilar Peradaban Yang Arif, Berbudaya Dan Kreatif Bagi Seluruh Generasi
Authors: Annisa Aurindita Amelia  
Published: September 2020

Keberadaan pasar tradisional dalam kearifan budaya masyarakat Indonesia yang heterogen bukan hanya sebagai tempat jual beli, tetapi lebih dari itu, pasar tradisional merupakan wadah konsepsi kehidupan dan interaksi sosial budaya yang terjalin. ada nilai-nilai luhur dan kearifan lokal yang berkembang di pasar tradisional. tetapi di zaman modern banyak budaya tergeser oleh perkembangan dan arus modernisasi. salah satunya adalah budaya interaksi dan komunikasi dalam perdagangan. ketimpangan sosial jika berbicara tentang kepentingan pasar tradisional itu sendiri. Umumnya pasar tradisional hanya diminati oleh kalangan menengah ke bawah. Dengan segala stigma negatif kini budaya perdagangan di pasar tradisional kini mulai kehilangan pamornya sebagai tumpuan utama perekonomian rakyat. Sehingga perlu adanya revitalisasi pasar tradisional melalui potensinya. Tiga potensi terkuat pasar tradisional adalah keragaman etnis dan budaya baik penjual maupun pembeli, kearifan lokal yang tumbuh bersama pelaku pasar tradisional yang menjadi ciri khasnya, dan kreativitas dalam menghadapi tantangan perubahan jaman, keragaman dan globalisasi.
The existence of traditional markets in the cultural wisdom of heterogeneous Indonesian society is not just a place for buying and selling, but more than that, traditional markets are a container for the conception of life and social and cultural interaction intertwined. there are noble values ​​and local wisdom that bloom in traditional markets. but in modern times many cultures are displaced by the development and current of modernization. one of which is a culture of interaction and communication in trading. social inequality when talking about the interests of the traditional market itself. generally the traditional market is only in demand by the lower middle class. with all the negative stigma now that the culture of trade in traditional markets is now starting to lose its prestige as the main base of the people's economy. so the need for revitalization of traditional markets through its potentials. the three strongest potentials of traditional markets are the ethnic and cultural diversity of both sellers and buyers, local wisdom that grows with traditional market actors that have become their trademarks, and creativity in facing the challenges of changing times, diversity and globalization.
Pengaruh Modal Sosial Terhadap Perkembangan Pariwisata di Kepulauan Riau
Authors: Nurul Nadjmi  
Published: September 2020

Kepulauan Riau merupakan provinsi yang terdiri dari beberapa pulau diantaranya Pulau Batam, Pulau Bintan dan Pulau Karimun. Modal sosial merupakan serangkaian nilai dan norma informal yang dimiliki oleh kelompok masyarat dalam membagun kerjasamanya. Lingkup penelitian pada pembahasan ini adalah terfokus pada pengaruh modal sosial terhadap perkembangan pariwisata di Kepulauan Riau dalam hal ini Pulau Batam, Pulau Bintan, dan Pulau Karimun. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini dikondisikan sebagai penelitian kualitatif melalui strategi studi kasus. Sistem pendekatan yang digunakan juga merupakan pendekatan deskriptif analitik. Melakukan pengamatan langsung, mengumpulkan data-data kemudian menghubungkannya dengan kajian teori yang digunakan. Lokus penelitian ini terdapat di Kepulauan Riau dengan melihat pengaruh modal sosial pada perkembangan pariwisata di ketiga pulau yaitu Pulau Batam, Pulau Bintan dan Pulau Karimun. Berdasarkan hasil survey yang saya lakukan di Kepulauan Riau, terutama pada ketiga pulau yaitu Pulau Batam, Pulau Bintan, dan Pulau Karimun, dari ketiga pulau tersebut ternyata pada Pulau Karimun perkembangan pariwisatanya tidak terlalu berkembang karena masyarakat yang tidak menerima adanya wisatawan terutama wisatawan mancanegara.
Riau Islands is a province consisting of several islands including Batam Island, Bintan Island and Karimun Island. Social capital is a set of informal values ​​and norms that are owned by community groups in building cooperation. The scope of research in this discussion is focused on the influence of social capital on the development of tourism in the Riau Islands, in this case Batam Island, Bintan Island, and Karimun Island. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research. This research is conditioned as qualitative research through a case study strategy. The system approach used is also a descriptive analytic approach. Make direct observations, collect data and then relate it to the study of the theories used. The locus of this research is in the Riau Islands by looking at the influence of social capital on the development of tourism in the three islands, namely Batam Island, Bintan Island and Karimun Island. Based on the results of a survey I conducted in the Riau Islands, especially on the three islands, namely Batam Island, Bintan Island, and Karimun Island, of the three islands, it turns out that on Karimun Island the development of tourism is not very developed because people do not accept tourists, especially foreign tourists.
Pengembangan Seni Pertunjukan Opera Batak Dalam Mendukung Daya Tarik Wisata Desa Sitamiang Kabupaten Samosir Syahidullah
Authors: Habibie  , Dwira Nirfalini Aulia  
Published: September 2020

Pulau Samosir merupakan salah satu objek wisata di Provinsi Sumatera Utara dengan kunjungan wisatawan tertinggi dan keseluruhan memiliki unsur daya tarik wisata budaya, Desa Sitamiang merupakan salah satu desa yang terletak di Pulau Samosir, desa ini memiliki potensi daya tarik alam dan sosial yang menarik dikembangkan mejadi pariwisata, akan tetapi pariwisata di Desa Sitamiang in kurang menarik dibandingkan dengan Tuktuk maupun Tomok, oleh karena itu diperlukan pengembangan daya tarik berupa pertunjukan seni Opera batak agar menjadi khas daya tarik sendiri di Desa Sitamiang ini, agar Desa Sitamiang ini dapat bersaing dalam pengembangan pariwsita dengan daerah lainnya di Pulau Samosir. Melihat nama Opera Batak tentu tidak dapat dipisahkan dari yang Namanya Desa Sitamiang ini. Opera Batak ini akan direncanakan dan dirancang dengan konsep outdoor agar dapat menyatu dengan alam dan bangunan sekitarnya, dan agar menjadi daya Tarik tersendiri bangunan OperaBatak dikelilingi oleh alam dan permukiman masyarakat yang masih menggunakan rumah beraksitektur Batak Toba sehingga memanjakan visual wisatawan.
Samosir Island is one of the attractions in North Sumatra Province with the highest tourist visits and overall has an element of cultural tourism attraction, Sitamiang Village is one of the villages located on Samosir Island, this village has the potential for natural and social attractions that are attractive developed into tourism However, tourism in the Sitamiang Village is less attractive compared to Tuktuk and Tomok, therefore it is necessary to develop an attraction in the form of Batak Opera art performances to become a distinctive attraction in this Sitamiang Village, so that the Sitamiang Village can compete in the development of tourism with the region others on Samosir Island. Seeing the name of the Opera Batak certainly can not be separated from this Sitamiang Village. This Batak Opera will be planned and designed with an outdoor concept so that it can blend with nature and the surrounding buildings, and to become an attraction. OperaBatak's buildings are surrounded by nature and community settlements that still use houses with Toba Batak architecture so that they indulge visual tourists.
Kajian Teoritis: Pariwisata Berkelanjutan berdasarkan Distinctiveness
Authors: Nurlisa Ginting  , Recrisa Lathersia  , Riris Adriaty Putri  , Munazirah  , Putri Ayu Dirgantara Yazib  , Annisa Salsabilla  
Published: September 2020

Pariwisata merupakan faktor penting dalam membentuk identitas pada suatu kawasan. Pariwisata berkelanjutan sendiri merupakan pariwisata yang memperkirakan dampak ekonomi, lingkungan, serta sosial budaya untuk masa yang akan datang. Kekahasan suatu kawasan pariwisata dapat menambah nilai dan kesan baik terhadap wisatawan. Penjualan produk - produk lokal kepada wisatawan juga dapat menurunkan angka kemiskinan masyarakat lokal. Oleh sebab itu keterkaitan antara pariwisata dan distinctiveness sangatlah signifikan karena kekhasan lokal yang dapat menghidupkan pariwisata kawasan sehingga dapat terus dikunjungi oleh wisatawan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan teori keterkaitan antar pariwisata berkelanjutan dan distinctiveness. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah tinjauan literatur teoritis yang berfokus pada kumpulan teori yang telah ditemukan pada penelitian sebelumnya kemudian mencari keterkaitan di antara teori-teori tersebut untuk mengembangkan sebuah teori baru. Berdasarkan hasil kajian teori ditemukan tiga aspek pariwisata berkelanjutan yaitu ekonomi, lingkungan, dan sosial budaya yang berdasarkan pada empat elemen distinctiveness yaitu landmark, keunikan, karakterter tertentu dan perbedaan persepsi.
Tourism is an important factor in shaping the identity of an area. Sustainable tourism itself is tourism that estimates the economic, environmental and socio-cultural impacts for the future. The particularity of a tourism area can add value and a good impression on tourists. Sales of local products to tourists can also reduce poverty rates for local people. Therefore the link between tourism and distinctiveness is very significant because of the local uniqueness that can revive regional tourism so that it can continue to be visited by tourists. The purpose of this study is to find a theory of the relationship between sustainable tourism and distinctiveness. The method used in this study is a review of theoretical literature that focuses on a collection of theories that have been found in previous studies and then look for links between these theories to develop a new theory. Based on the results of the theoretical study, three aspects of sustainable tourism are found, namely economic, environmental, and socio-cultural based on four distinctiveness elements namely landmarks, uniqueness, certain characteristics and differences in perception.
PEMBERIAN HAK MILIK SATUAN RUMAH SUSUN DIATAS BEBERAPA HAK GUNA BANGUNAN PERORANGAN
Authors: Masrofah Masrofah 
Published: September 2020

The objectives of this research are: (1) to study and analyze the status of ownership of a modern shopping center or mall upon some tenure individual rights. (2) to study and analyze the process of grantingownership rights for apartment unit.The method used in this research was normative, that is, a legal research which was based on legal materials obtained from literature that examined legal norms related to the issue of providing ownership rights for apartment units upon some building rights.Based on the results of research and discussion, it can be concluded as follows: (1) PT. G.U. that wanted to have its apartment units certified for ownership had constraints by the absence of implementation guidelines of Law No. 16 of 1985 (now Act No. 20 of 2011). (2) The principle of horizontal separation is the opposite of attachment principle which states that buildings and plants are integrated to land. (3) In planning the development of apartment, developers of the construction should first pay attention to the layout of the area of city/ county. (4) The construction of a housing project must meet some requirements, they are: administrative requirements, technical requirements and ecological requirements. (5) Prior to certificate of ownership registration upon an apartment unit, certificate of land rights either in the form of property rights, the right to use the land for building and the right to use and manage the land. (6) In the Act of Apartment, if it does not meet the provisions of these rules, there are some sanctions to be given. These may be in the form of administrative sanctions or criminal verdicts such as fines and imprisonment.Keywords: Granting Rights, Certificate of Ownership Rights Unit of the Flats, Broking,Transitional sale, Land Consolidation.
AUTHORIAL IDENTITY IN RESEARCH ARTICLES
Authors: Ariannejad Aida 
Published: September 2020

The present study investigates the employment of self-mentions and their functions in English articles in the field of architecture. To this end, a compiled corpus, composing of the post-method sections of 50 articles, was analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The results shed light on various functions used by English-language writers to express their authorial identity through explicit employment of self-mentions. The findings provide some insights into the rhetorical conventions of the academic discourse community of architects and into employment of these discursive features which are of great importance to EAP teachers and learners.
Keywords: Self-mentions, academic articles, academic genre analysis
CONTENT ANALYSIS OF ARTICLES THAT RELATED TO THE USE OF GOOGLE CLASSROOM AND GAMIFICATION IN EDUCATION FROM 2016 TO 2020
Authors: Jawabreh Reem , Bicen Hüseyin 
Published: September 2020

Today's learning and teaching process differ from the past, as the student becomes the focus of the educational process. Therefore, teachers need to be able to use technology incorrectly, technology integration into education is helpful, meaningful, and necessary. This study purposes to perform a content analysis to define the general framework of studies related to the use of google classroom and gamification in education. The sample of the research consists of articles published on google classroom and gamification in education between 2016 - 2020, the data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, namely percentage and frequency. The findings indicated that the number of studies that discuss the use of google classroom and gamification in education should be increased, and this will lead to shedding light on future studies.

Keywords: Google Classroom, Gamification, Education