bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stomatin is highly expressed in exosomes of different origin and is a promising candidate as an exosomal marker
Authors: Skryabin Gleb O. , Komelkov Andrei V. , Galetsky Sergey A. , Bagrov Dmitry V. , Evtushenko Evgeniy G. , Nikishin Igor I. , Zhordaniia Kirill I. , Savelyeva Elizaveta E. , Akselrod Maria E. , Paianidi Iulia G. , Tchevkina Elena M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProteins involved in the organizing of lipid rafts can be found in exosomes, as shown for caveolin‐1, and they could contribute to exosomal cargo sorting, as shown for flotillins. Stomatin belongs to the same stomatin/prohibitin/flotillin/HflK/C family of lipid rafts proteins, but it has never been studied in exosomes except for extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from blood cells. Here we first show the presence of stomatin in exosomes produced by epithelial cancer cells (non–small cell lung cancer, breast, and ovarian cancer cells) as well as in EVs from biological fluids, including blood plasma, ascitic fluids, and uterine flushings. A high abundance of stomatin in EVs of various origins and its enrichment in exosomes make stomatin a promising exosomal marker. Comparison with other lipid raft proteins and exosomal markers showed that the level of stomatin protein in exosomes from different sources corresponds well to that of CD9, while it differs essentially from flotillin‐1 and flotillin‐2 homologs, which in turn are present in exosomes in nearly equal proportions. In contrast, the level of vesicular caveolin‐1 as well as its EV‐to‐cellular ratio vary drastically depending on cell type.
lncRNA‐POIR promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition and suppresses sorafenib sensitivity simultaneously in hepatocellular carcinoma by sponging miR‐182‐5p
Authors: Chen Bryan Wei , Zhou Yue , Wei Tao , Wen Liang , Zhang Yi‐bo , Shen Shi‐chao , Zhang Jian , Ma Tao , Chen Wen , Ni Lei , Wang Yi , Bai Xue‐li , Liang Ting‐bo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSorafenib (SOR) resistance remains a major obstacle in the effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are responsible for this chemoresistance. This study aimed to reveal the essential function of a recently defined lncRNA, lncRNA‐POIR, in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and SOR sensitivity of HCC cells. SOR‐induced cytotoxicity was analyzed via cell counting kit‐8 and ethynyl‐2'‐deoxyuridine incorporation assays, whereas immunoblotting and confocal immunofluorescence were used to determine the expression levels of EMT markers. Furthermore, loss‐ or gain‐of‐function approaches were used to demonstrate the role of lncRNA‐POIR/miR‐182‐5p on EMT and SOR sensitivity in HCC. The direct interaction between lncRNA‐POIR and miR‐182‐5p was verified using a luciferase reporter assay. We found that knockdown of lncRNA‐POIR sensitized HCC cells to SOR and simultaneously reversed EMT. As expected, miR‐182‐5p was confirmed as the downstream target of lncRNA‐POIR. Moreover, miR‐182‐5p overexpression clearly reversed EMT and promoted SOR‐induced cytotoxicity in representative HCC cells, whereas miR‐182‐5p downregulation played a contrasting role; miR‐182‐5p knockdown abolished the modulatory effects of lncRNA‐POIR siRNA on EMT and SOR sensitivity. Together, these pieces of data suggest that lncRNA‐POIR promotes EMT progression and suppresses SOR sensitivity simultaneously by sponging miR‐182‐5p. Thus, we proposed a compelling rationale for the use of lncRNA‐POIR as a promising predictor of SOR response and as a potential therapeutic target for HCC treatment in the future.
The value of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as complementary diagnostic tools in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Jin Zihan , Cai Gaojun , Zhang Ping , Li Xiaohong , Yao Shuang , Zhuang Lin , Ren Min , Wang Qiang , Yu Xiaolong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have drawn attention in recent years as novel non‐specific inflammatory markers; however, only a few studies have been conducted to investigate their value in RA.ObjectiveTo investigate the value of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as complementary diagnostic tools in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodThis study included 1009 patients with RA, 170 patients with other rheumatic diseases, and 245 healthy individuals from four medical centers. The patients' general data, including complete blood count, C‐reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and rheumatoid factor (RF), were retrospectively analyzed, and the NLR and PLR were calculated. Potential effective indicators were screened by logistic regression analysis, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate their diagnostic value for RA.Results(a) The NLR and PLR were significantly higher in the RA group than in the non‐RA group and the control group (P < .05). (b) Spearman's Rho showed that the NLR was positively correlated with the PLR (r = .584, P < .05), RF (r = .167, P < .01), and CRP (r = .280, P < .01) but was not significantly correlated with ESR (r = .100, P > .05). The PLR was positively correlated with RF (r = .139, P < .01), CRP (r = .297, P < .01), and ESR (r = .262, P < .05). (c) Logistic analysis showed that RF, CRP, ESR, and the NLR had diagnostic value for RA. (d) For the NLR, the area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve was 0.831; at the cutoff value of 2.13, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and Youden index were 76.7%, 75.9%, 76.4%, and 0.5424, respectively.ConclusionThe NLR was less effective than CRP and RF but was superior to ESR in the diagnosis of RA. The NLR can thus be used as a complementary diagnostic indicator in the diagnosis of RA.
Ultrasonographic findings and prenatal diagnosis of complete trisomy 17p syndrome: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Li Linlin , Zhang Xinyue , Shi Qingyang , Li Leilei , Jiang Yuting , Liu Ruizhi , Zhang Hongguo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTrisomy of the short arm of chromosome 17 is a rare genomic disorder. The clinical features of complete trisomy 17p syndrome have been described. Most cases of this syndrome have been found in infants and children, but only a few cases were found by ultrasound in the prenatal period.MethodsWe report a case of complete trisomy 17p syndrome, which was inherited from paternal balanced translocation t(15;17)(q11.2;q11.2). A pregnant woman underwent an ultrasound examination at 24 weeks of gestation. Amniotic fluid was collected by amniocentesis. Cytogenetic and single nucleotide polymorphism array analyses were performed. We further reviewed the relationship between duplication regions and the clinical phenotype.ResultsUltrasonographic evaluation showed intrauterine growth retardation and a right choroid plexus cyst, but the gallbladder was not observed. The fetal karyotype was 46,XX,der(17)t(15;17)(q11.2;q11.2)pat. The father's karyotype was 46,XY,t(15;17)(q11.2;q11.2). The single nucleotide polymorphism array results showed arr[GRCh37] 17p13.3q11.1(525‐25309337)×3, which indicated a 25.309‐Mb duplication.ConclusionComplete trisomy 17p syndrome shows severe malformations. Intrauterine growth retardation is the most typical manifestation of this syndrome as shown by ultrasonography in the second trimester of pregnancy. The genotype‐phenotype relationships of complete trisomy 17p syndrome are not completely consistent. To further determine these relationships, additional cases are necessary to provide more information from ultrasonographic findings during pregnancy.
Comparison between a new thyroglobulin assay with the well‐established Beckman Access immunoassay: A preliminary report
Authors: Cennamo Michele , La Civita Evelina , Curci Anna , Liotti Antonietta , Braschi Umberto , Terracciano Daniela 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesMeasurement of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) plays a key role in the post‐thyroidectomy management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). In this context, the performance of new‐generation thyroglobulin assay has clinical implications in the follow‐up of DTC patients. Aim of this study was to compare the new highly sensitive Liaison Tg II (Tg‐L) with the well‐established Tg Access assay (Tg‐A).Materials and methodsA total of 91 residual serum samples (23 positive and 68 negatives for Tg auto‐antibodies) were tested by the Beckman Access and Diasorin Liaison assays. Study samples were from 21 patients with pathologically proven DTC and control samples from 70 (16 patients with benign thyroid disease and 54 apparently healthy subjects).ResultsOur results showed that Tg‐L was highly correlated with Tg‐A for both values ranging between 0.2 and 50 ng/mL (Pearson's r = 0.933 [95%CI 0.894‐0.958], P < .001) and higher than 50 ng/mL (Pearson's r = 0.849 [95%CI 0.609‐0.946], P < .001). For Tg values lower than 0.2 ng/mL, the overall concordance rate was 92%. Moreover, we tested 7 fine‐needle aspiration washout fluids (FNA), showing an overall concordance rate in discriminating negative and positive of 100%. Finally, we found no interference by Tg auto‐antibodies (TgAbs) for both Tg‐L and Tg‐A. Conversely, rheumatoid factor (RF) interferes with Tg‐A, but not with Tg‐L in one patient with no relapsing thyroid carcinoma.ConclusionsLiaison Tg II demonstrated a good correlation with Access Tg assay both for sera and FNAs. Further studies on larger population are needed to evaluate Tg‐L clinical impact on DTC patient's follow‐up.
Fetoscopic Release of Amniotic Band Syndrome
Authors: Minella Chris , Costantino Benedicte , Ruano Rodrigo , Koch Antoine , Weingertner Anne‐Sophie , Favre Romain , Sananes Nicolas 
Published: September 2020

Amniotic band syndrome is a rare condition. There have been few cases reported of fetoscopic band dissection. The aim of this case series is to report 3 cases of fetoscopic treatment for amniotic band syndrome, including indication for surgery, technical aspects, complications and outcomes.Fetoscopic treatment was performed respectively at 23 5/7, 26 5/7 and 18 3/7 weeks' gestation. Two procedures were performed with a laser fiber through a single trocar whereas one surgery was performed with scissors.In conclusion, fetoscopic release of the amniotic bands in case of amniotic band syndrome is feasible with encouraging results in order to prevent amputation and dysfunction of the extremities.
Ultrasound Image–Based Radiomics
Authors: Qin Hui , Wu Yu‐quan , Lin Peng , Gao Rui‐zhi , Li Xin , Wang Xin‐rong , Chen Gang , He Yun , Yang Hong 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo develop radiomic models of B‐mode ultrasound (US) signatures for determining the origin of primary tumors in metastatic liver disease.MethodsA total of 254 patients with a diagnosis of metastatic liver disease were included in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the origin of the primary tumor: group 1 (digestive tract versus non–digestive tract tumors), group 2 (breast cancer versus non–breast cancer), and group 3 (lung cancer versus other malignancies). The patients in each group were allocated to a training or testing set (a ratio of 8:2). The region of interest of liver metastasis was determined through manual differentiation of the tumors, and radiomic signatures were acquired from B‐mode US images. Optimal features were selected to develop 3 radiomic models using multiple‐dimensionality reduction and classifier screening. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to assess each model's performance.ResultsA total of 5936 features were extracted, and 40, 6, and 14 optimal features were sequentially identified for the development of radiomic models for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, with training set AUC values of 0.938, 0.974, and 0.768 and testing set AUC values of 0.767, 0.768, and 0.750. The differences in age, sex, and number of liver metastatic lesions varied greatly between the 4 primary tumors (P < .050).ConclusionsB‐mode US radiomic models could be effective supplemental means to identify the origin of hepatic metastatic lesions (ie, unknown primary sites).
Expanding Beyond Maximum Grade: Chemotherapy Toxicity over Time by Age and Performance Status in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in CALGB 9730 (Alliance A151729)
Authors: Wong Melisa L. , Gao Junheng , Thanarajasingam Gita , Sloan Jeff A. , Dueck Amylou C. , Novotny Paul J. , Jatoi Aminah , Hurria Arti , Walter Louise C. , Miaskowski Christine , Cohen Harvey J. , Wood William A. , Feliciano Josephine L. , Stinchcombe Thomas E. , Wang Xiaofei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Prior comparisons of chemotherapy adverse events (AEs) by age and performance status (PS) are limited by the traditional maximum grade approach, which ignores low-grade AEs and longitudinal changes.

Materials and Methods
To compare fatigue and neuropathy longitudinally by age (&lt;65, ≥65 years) and PS (0–1, 2), we analyzed data from a large phase III trial of carboplatin and paclitaxel versus paclitaxel for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (CALGB 9730, n = 529). We performed multivariable (a) linear mixed models to estimate mean AE grade over time, (b) linear regression to estimate area under the curve (AUC), and (c) proportional hazards models to estimate the hazard ratio of developing grade ≥2 AE, as well as traditional maximum grade analyses.

Results
Older patients had on average a 0.17-point (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.00–0.34; p = .049) higher mean fatigue grade longitudinally compared with younger patients. PS 2 was associated with earlier development of grade ≥2 fatigue (hazard ratio [HR], 1.56; 95% CI, 1.07–2.27; p = .02). For neuropathy, older age was associated with earlier development of grade ≥2 neuropathy (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.00–1.97; p = .049). Patients with PS 2 had a 1.30 point lower neuropathy AUC (95% CI, −2.36 to −0.25; p = .02) compared with PS 0–1. In contrast, maximum grade analyses only detected a higher percentage of older adults with grade ≥3 fatigue and neuropathy at some point during treatment.

Conclusion
Our comparison of complementary but distinct aspects of chemotherapy toxicity identified important longitudinal differences in fatigue and neuropathy by age and PS that are missed by the traditional maximum grade approach. Clinical trial identification number: NCT00003117 (CALGB 9730)

Implications for Practice
The traditional maximum grade approach ignores persistent low-grade adverse events (AEs) and changes over time. This toxicity over time analysis of fatigue and neuropathy during chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer demonstrates how to use longitudinal methods to comprehensively characterize AEs over time by age and performance status (PS). We identified important longitudinal differences in fatigue and neuropathy that are missed by the maximum grade approach. This new information about how older adults and patients with PS 2 experience these toxicities longitudinally may be used clinically to improve discussions about treatment options and what to expect to inform shared decision making and symptom management.
Neuronal Differentiation of LUHMES Cells Induces Substantial Changes of the Proteome
Authors: Tüshaus Johanna , Kataka Evans Sioma , Zaucha Jan , Frishman Dmitrij , Müller Stephan A. , Lichtenthaler Stefan F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNeuronal cell lines are important model systems to study mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases. One example is the Lund Human Mesencephalic (LUHMES) cell line, which can differentiate into dopaminergic‐like neurons and is frequently used to study mechanisms of Parkinson's disease and neurotoxicity. Neuronal differentiation of LUHMES cells is commonly verified with selected neuronal markers, but little is known about the proteome‐wide protein abundance changes during differentiation. Using mass spectrometry and label‐free quantification (LFQ), the proteome of differentiated and undifferentiated LUHMES cells and of primary murine midbrain neurons are compared. Neuronal differentiation induced substantial changes of the LUHMES cell proteome, with proliferation‐related proteins being strongly down‐regulated and neuronal and dopaminergic proteins, such as L1CAM and α‐synuclein (SNCA) being up to 1,000‐fold up‐regulated. Several of these proteins, including MAPT and SYN1, may be useful as new markers for experimentally validating neuronal differentiation of LUHMES cells. Primary midbrain neurons are slightly more closely related to differentiated than to undifferentiated LUHMES cells, in particular with respect to the abundance of proteins related to neurodegeneration. In summary, the analysis demonstrates that differentiated LUHMES cells are a suitable model for studies on neurodegeneration and provides a resource of the proteome‐wide changes during neuronal differentiation. (ProteomeXchange identifier PXD020044).
How grid‐spacing and convection representation affected the wind speed forecasts of four polar lows
Authors: Hallerstig Matilda , Magnusson Linus , Kolstad Erik W. , Mayer Stephanie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe horizontal resolution in numerical weather prediction models can have a large impact on the quality of polar low forecasts. However, there are few studies on the effect of the horizontal grid spacings which are currently in operational use at the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Here, we evaluate the 10 m wind speed forecasts for four polar lows in November and December 2016 against remote and in situ observations. We study the 18 km grid spacing, used in the ensemble, 9 km for the current operational deterministic model runs, and 5 km for the planned future deterministic runs. The 9 and 5 km versions fall within the range of grid spacings that resolve convection partly but not fully. Therefore, we also do sensitivity tests with and without deep convection parametrization. Finally, we examine the added value from the operational limited‐area model AROME‐Arctic with 2.5 km grid spacing. The 18 km version performed worst in magnitude of wind speed, but it did forecast the locations of the polar lows as well as the other models. Thus, the ensemble can be used for polar low probability products. The 5 and 9 km versions with parametrized convection were the best‐performing models over the ocean, while AROME‐Arctic was the best model along the coast and over land. The 5 and 9 km versions with resolved deep convection produced fewer but larger convective cells with patches of both under‐ and overestimation of wind speed. The fact that there was almost no difference between the 9 and 5 km grid spacing, but a clear impact from the handling of convection, suggests that, to improve polar low forecasts in the ECMWF deterministic runs, special attention to convection is needed.
Thermosolutal Convection with a Navier–Stokes–Voigt Fluid
Authors: Straughan Brian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present a model for convection in a Navier–Stokes–Voigt fluid when the layer is heated from below and simultaneously salted from below, the thermosolutal convection problem. Instability thresholds are calculated for thermal convection with a dissolved salt field in a complex viscoelastic fluid of Navier–Stokes–Voigt type. The Kelvin–Voigt parameter is seen to play a very important role in acting as a stabilizing agent when the convection is of oscillatory type. The quantitative size of this effect is displayed. Nonlinear stability is also discussed, and it is briefly indicated how the global nonlinear stability limit may be increased, although there still remains a region of potential sub-critical instability, especially when the Kelvin–Voigt parameter increases.
Sampling behavioral model parameters for ensemble-based sensitivity analysis using Gaussian process emulation and active subspaces
Authors: Erdal Daniel , Xiao Sinan , Nowak Wolfgang , Cirpka Olaf A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEnsemble-based uncertainty quantification and global sensitivity analysis of environmental models requires generating large ensembles of parameter-sets. This can already be difficult when analyzing moderately complex models based on partial differential equations because many parameter combinations cause an implausible model behavior even though the individual parameters are within plausible ranges. In this work, we apply Gaussian Process Emulators (GPE) as surrogate models in a sampling scheme. In an active-training phase of the surrogate model, we target the behavioral boundary of the parameter space before sampling this behavioral part of the parameter space more evenly by passive sampling. Active learning increases the subsequent sampling efficiency, but its additional costs pay off only for a sufficiently large sample size. We exemplify our idea with a catchment-scale subsurface flow model with uncertain material properties, boundary conditions, and geometric descriptors of the geological structure. We then perform a global-sensitivity analysis of the resulting behavioral dataset using the active-subspace method, which requires approximating the local sensitivities of the target quantity with respect to all parameters at all sampled locations in parameter space. The Gaussian Process Emulator implicitly provides an analytical expression for this gradient, thus improving the accuracy of the active-subspace construction. When applying the GPE-based preselection, 70–90% of the samples were confirmed to be behavioral by running the full model, whereas only 0.5% of the samples were behavioral in standard Monte-Carlo sampling without preselection. The GPE method also provided local sensitivities at minimal additional costs.
Analysis of an application possibility of geopolymer materials as thermal backfill for underground power cable system
Authors: Ocłoń Paweł , Cisek Piotr , Matysiak Marcelina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe circular economy is a closed cycle that allows one to reuse the industrial waste, as well as minimize the energy and resources losses during the production process. This paper presents an innovative idea of the application of a geopolymer cable backfill for underground power cable system installation. The closed cycle, in this case, is formulated as follows: the primary resource is the waste from the combustion of fossil fuels, i.e., fly ash that is utilized to form the geopolymer matrix. The geopolymer then is used as thermal backfill in underground power cable systems. Utilization of combustion by-products in the form of a geopolymer is a highly profitable solution since landfill waste disposal, in this case, generates considerable costs for the electrical energy producers. In typical applications, geopolymers are used as insulators. By adding individual components, the thermal conductivity of 2.0 W/(m K), higher than of typical thermal backfills (Fluidized Thermal Backfill), which value is close to 1.5 W/(m K), is reached. What is very important, geopolymers can absorb water better than typical sand–cement mixtures. As a result, a high thermal conductivity with the temperature increase is maintained. The application of geopolymers as thermal backfills has the potential to improve the flexibility of underground power cable systems, as well as to minimize the material costs of installation. The case study is presented to show the economic benefits of using the combustion by-products as a geopolymer thermal backfill. The finite element method model of an underground power cable system is developed, and optimization of backfill dimensions is provided to minimize the material costs using the geopolymer thermal backfill and to maximize the underground power cable system performance. The main result of this paper is that the application of geopolymers leads to a decrease in underground power cable system costs, compared to traditional backfill (sand–cement mixture). The reason is the higher value of thermal conductivity, which allows selecting a cable with a smaller cross-sectional area. Also, the environmental benefits of geopolymer application for cable bedding are discussed.
Graphic abstract