bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Chloride Ions on Electrochemical Behaviors of Magnesium Anode in Ionic Liquids Based on TFSA-
Authors: Matsumoto Hajime , Kubota Keigo 
Published: February 2020

Imide anions such as bis(trifluorosulfonyl)amide (TFSA-) have been widely investigated as the most typical perfluoroanion, which forms ionic liquids (ILs) with various onium cations like dialkylimidazolium and the good electrochemical and thermal stability have been attracted attention as a unique liquid electrolyte for secondary batteries especially lithium batteries. [1] Recently, research and developments of post-lithium ion battery, so called next-generation batteries, have been intensively investigated. Especially, the use of multivalent metal as an anode like magnesium, zinc and aluminum have been attracted attention due to their high volumetric energy density. However, in many case, slow diffusion of multivalent cation in a layered oxide cathode might be one of the severe problems. The use of thermally stable and less volatile ionic liquids might be one of the promising choice to enhance the diffusion in a cathode material at enough higher temperature. However, no good magnesium redox have been observed in a conventional and typical ionic liquids containing the TFSA- .[2] In this study, we investigated the electrochemical responses of a magnesium metal and also much cheeper alloy (AZ31B) in a various molten salt such as a conventional TFSA ionic liquids, onium chloride and alkali metal intermediate temperature molten TFSA salt to discuss the reason for the poor redox in a conventional ionic liquids and the effect of the addition of halogenide like chloride.

References

[1] H. Matsumoto, Recent Advances in Ionic Liquids for Lithium Secondary Batteries, R.T.Jow, K. Xu, O. Borodin, M. Ue, (Eds.), Electrolytes for Lithium and Lithium-Ion Batteries, Chapter 4, pp.209-225, Springer, 2014, and references therein.
[2] G. Vardar, A. E. S. Sleightholme, J. Naruse, H. Hiramatsu, D. J. Shiegel and C. W. Monroe, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 6 (2014) 18033.

Acknowledgment

This study was financially supported by ALCA-SPRING, JST, MEXT, Japan.
Corrosion Resistance of Hastelloy G-35 Nickel-Based Superalloy in Various Aggressive Media
Authors: Abramov Aleksandr V. , Dedov Kirill V. , Gibadullina Alfiya F. , Zhilyakov Arkadiy Yu. , Karpov Vyacheslav V. , Volkovich Vladimir A. , Polovov Ilya B. 
Published: February 2020

Nickel-based superalloys are widely used in various fields of engineering and technology in contact with aggressive liquid media. High-temperature molten salts are one of the types of such corrosive liquids. Molten electrolytes are widely used in technologies for the electrowinning and refining non-ferrous and rare metals, in nuclear industry and solar storage systems.
In the present study the corrosion resistance of Hastelloy G-35 Аlloy (UNS N06035) nickel-based alloy was investigated. Corrosion properties of the material were examined in NaCl–KCl melt at 750 °C under inert (Ar) and oxidizing (air) atmosphere, and in acidic KCl–AlCl3 melts under an inert atmosphere (Ar). KCl–AlCl3 melts were chosen in addition to NaCl–KCl as having higher oxidation ability. Samples were kept in contact with the melts for 30 h. Additional corrosion tests were performed in a boiling sulfuric acid solution in the presence of iron (III) sulfate (according to the ASTM G28-02A procedure) and these lasted for 120 h.
The corrosion rates of the alloy samples in various molten media were calculated and are given in Table 1. The slowest corrosion was observed in NaCl–KCl melt under an inert atmosphere. The corrosion rate in NaCl–KCl melt increased noticeably in the presence of oxygen in the atmosphere, and the corrosion resistance of the alloy under these conditions was low. The rate of the alloy corrosion in KCl–AlCl3 melt at 750 °C was extremely high, and this alloy cannot, therefore, be recommended for application as a construction material in this melt under the conditions studied.
The data obtained were compared with results of corrosion tests performed according to the ASTM G-28-02A standard. Samples of Hastelloy G-35 alloy were examined in the initial state and after preliminary aging in KCl–AlCl3 at 650 °C for 200 hours (Table 2). The corrosion rate of the alloy in boiling sulfuric acid solution in the presence of iron (III) sulfate was comparable to that in the NaCl–KCl melt under an inert atmosphere. Preliminary aging in the KCl–AlCl3 melt led to intensification of the corrosion processes in aqueous solutions.

Figure 1
Ionic Liquids As Electrolytes for Post Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Iliev Boyan , Schubert Thomas J. S. , Cadu Svetlana 
Published: February 2020

Ionic liquids (ILs), a class of compounds composed entirely of ions, are prominent candidates for battery electrolytes, as they allow for increased safety due to their negligible vapor pressure, non-flammability and high thermal and electrochemical stability. Another benefit of ILs is their tunable properties, including solvating power, polarity and surface tension. Those could be used to influence the SEI formation as well as modify the overpotential on the electrodes. This effect can be used in different metal-air batteries, where the use of IL-based electrolyte allows for high electrolyte stability combined with the use of a normal gas diffusion electrode. [1] Further advantages that ILs bring, especially in the context of lithium sulphur batteries are their ability to reduce the formation of soluble polysulfides and to reduce dendrite formation. [2] This feature can be also beneficial for other types of lithium metal batteries.
The major problem of using ILs as electrolytes - their high viscosity - can be overcome by using mixtures of selected ILs in specific ratios, thus reducing viscosity and increasing performance of the electrolyte. [3] In connection with that, our latest developments on use of ILs as electrolytes for different types of batteries will be presented. We will focus on physicochemical properties of selected ILs, their mixtures and possible additives, designed for specific batteries applications. The compatibility of the particular ILs with battery materials will be also discussed.
References:
[1] Liu, G. Pulletikurthi , A. Lahiri , T. Cui, F. Endres, Dalton Trans.,
2016, 45, 8089.
[2] W. Park, K.Ueno, N. Tachikawa, K. Dokko, M. Watanabe, J. Phys. Chem. C. 117 , 20531–20541.
[3] A. Taige, D. Hilbert, T. J. S. Schubert Z. Phys. Chem. 226, 129.

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Development and Photoelectrochemical Performance of Copper Oxides Based Heterojunctions for Enhanced Production of Solar Fuels
Authors: Solarska Renata , Bienkowski Krzysztof , Arasimowicz Monika , Jelińska Aldona 
Published: February 2020

The need for renewable and sustainable energy might be a concern for the society if we are not able to provide this energy with concomitant environmental protection and economic competitiveness. A technology which allows exploiting sunlight, water, and CO2 to produce solar fuels will certainly contribute to high rate of solar energy conversion and reduction of global warming. However, major considerations are paid to the construction of heterogenous junctions & surfaces allowing better charge transport kinetics and selective simulative proceeding of desired products in appropriates ratios. For that reason, design and construction of different types of joined semiconductors systems aiming enhancement of charge carrier excitation, separation and their transport dynamics followed by recognition of their intrinsic limitations and enhanced efficiency towards CO2 conversion, becomes a priority in terms of global advancement in the field.
Recent advances regarding construction of a such heterojunction, consist of coupling of high photocatalytic activity of Cu2O towards CO2 reduction with high stability and electric conductivity of substoichiometric titanium oxide. This approach allowed to convert the CO2 to methanol with high efficiency and at relatively positive potential of 0.1 V vs RHE. The stable and reproducible photocurrents reached more than 1.2 mA/cm2 and were attained at standard conditions. Then, the substoichiometric titanium oxide has been replaced by the WO3 containing more than bare, oxygen deficiencies. Further, change in its crystal lattice system allowed better stabilization of the overall working system and higher rate of solar energy conversion to CO2 reduction products. The mechanism which has been pointed as responsible for better charge separation in the junction relied onto indirect charge transfer between components and could be diversified by the content of carbon in the upper layer. Design, construction and performance of those systems will be an objective of this presentation.
High Performance Si-Based Photoanodes Using a Conformal Co-Based Catalysts By Electrodeposition
Authors: Lee Sol A , Jang Ho Won 
Published: February 2020

Converting and storing solar energy has been regarded as a promising approach to address the current global reliance on fossil fuels. The generation of hydrogen from water using sunlight can form potentially the basis of a clean and renewable source of energy. Solar water splitting system requires stable light-absorbing electrodes for both the oxidative and reductive half-reactions. However, the kinetically slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a bottle-neck process for producing sustainable solar-driven fuels using water.
Silicon has a suitable band gap (1.12 eV) to absorb the wide range of the solar spectrum and has high carrier mobility. For this reason, silicon is an attractive candidate among the various materials such as transition metal oxides and semiconductors. Since the silicon photoanode is unstable at electrolyte and suffers from fast photocorrosion due to the position of thermodynamic redox potentials, the solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency of bare silicon photoanode is largely suppressed. To solve those problems of silicon, recent studies on silicon photoanode has focused on designing a surface passivation layer that protects against chemical and photo-induced corrosion without degrading the inherent photoactive ability of silicon and promotes the chemical adsorption of water molecules to lower the overpotential at the solid/liquid interface.
Herein, we report the synthesis and photoelectrochemical properties of multifunctional cobalt based catalysts on a n-type silicon photoanode by using facile electrodeposition. This method not only significantly reduces the synthesis time and costs, but also easily control reaction by changing applied voltage or current. The solution-processed n-Si photoanode showed large photovoltage and superior catalytic behavior. By using efficient oxygen evolution catalysts, onset potential shifted to cathodic direction, leading to highly efficient Si-based photoanodes.
Surface Plasmon Resonance of Au Thin Films Modified By Pt and Pd Monolayer Catalyst
Authors: Artur Camille , Shan Xiaonan , Brankovic Stanko 
Published: February 2020

Surface plasmons (SP’s) or surface plasmon polaritons are longitudinal electromagnetic waves which propagate at the interface between a metal and a dielectric. They are localized in the interface and are sensitive to the optical properties of the materials comprising the interfacial region. As such, the SP present a unique probe to study the electrochemical interface and double layer [[1],[2]].Typical plasmonic metals/electrodes are Au and Ag thin films, which have been a subject of studies where the SPs have been used to probe the electrochemical processes such as adsorption and underpotential deposition [1,[3],[4]]. The most recent developments indicate that the SPs can be used to enhance certain electro-catalytic and photocatalytic reactions [[5]].
In this report, we present the results investigating the catalyst monolayer modification effect on plasmon resonance of Au thin films. The experiments are conducted using an attenuated total reflection arrangement in which p-polarized light is incident through a prism onto a thin (-400 A) Au film deposited on the mica substrate. (Kretschmann configuration [[6]]). The angle of incidence on the base of the prism is greater than the critical angle for the prism: electrolyte interface and SPs are excited by the evanescent wave generated under these conditions of total internal reflection. The excitation is manifested by a decrease in the intensity of reflected light. The Pd monolayer on Au were electrodeposited using procedure reported by Kolbe et al [[7],[8]], while the Pt submonolayer/monolayers were deposited on Au using Surface Limited Redox Replacement (SLRR) of Pb UPD monolayer [[9]]. The plasmon resonance frequency of Au(hkl), PdML/Au(hkl) and PtML/Au(hkl) and PtSML/Au(hkl) were investigated as a function of the applied potential in the range between -0.24 V to 0.4 V vs. SCE. The comparative analysis, between Au and catalyst monolayer modified Au(hkl) samples indicate that SP resonant frequency change is induced by both; surface charge and adsorption of H on the catalyst monolayer surface in the UPD region. The latter effect is quantified using subtractive analysis between the Au and catalyst modified Au surface and solutions with different pH. In conclusion, we present a simple model describing the catalyst monolayer effect on plasmon resonance of Au films.
[1] J.G. Gordon II and S. Ernst, Surface Science, 101 (1980) 499
[2] R. Kotz et al, Surface Science, 69 (1977) 359
[3] D.M. Kolb, D. Leutloff and M. Prasnyski, Surface Science, 47 (1975) 622
[4] A. Bewick, and B. Thomas, J. Electroanalytical Chem., 65 (1975) 911
[5] S. Linic, U. Aslam, C. Boerigter and M. Morabito, Nature Materials, 14, (2015) 567.
[6] E. Kretschmann and H. Raether, Z. Natutforsch. 23a (1968) 2135.
[7] L.A. Kibler, M. Kleinert, R. Randler, D.M. Kolb, Surface Science, 443 (1999) 19.
[8] J. Tang, M. Petri, L.A. Kibler, D.M. Kolb, Electrochimica Acta, 51, (2005) 125
[9] K. Sasaki et al, Electrochim. Acta, 55, (2010) 2645.
Interfacing Photosystem I into Conducting Polymers
Authors: Cliffel David E. , Dervishogullari Dilek 
Published: February 2020

Photosystem I (PSI) is one of the primary macromolecular machines that drive photosynthesis in green plants and cyanobacteria. Extracted PSI has been employed successfully as a macromolecular photosensitizer within a host of low-cost electrochemical and solid-state photovoltaic architectures. Over the course of the last ten years, our group has worked on the electrochemical interfaces to incorporate photosystem I in applied photosynthetic systems, and has created a wealth of new approaches in terms of both solid photovoltaic cells, liquid photoelectrochemical cells, and hydrogen fuel generation. These approaches have resulted in numerous publications. Using photosystem I as the key active component, we have been leading an effort to integrate PSI into biomimetic photoelectrochemical cells and devices. For example, we developed a completely organic, transparent, conductive electrode using reduced graphene oxide (RGO) on which a multilayer of PSI could be deposited.
This presentation will also explore our group’s recent efforts to integrate PSI with advanced materials, including the conducting polymers polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole, polyviologens, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). These composite assemblies enhance charge shuttling processes from individual proteins within multilayer assemblies—greatly reducing charge transfer resistances and improving overall efficiency of photocells. These PSI/conducting polymer composites can be prepared by either electrochemical co-polymerization from a bath of PSI and aniline or a vapor-phase Friedel-Crafts grafting procedure. The group has reported two new prototype solid-state devices in which PSI or PSI/PANI is sandwiched between energetically appropriate electrodes. The group has also succeeded in stabilizing PSI films via crosslinking to create “wet” photoelectrochemical cells with greater performance and longevity. Finally, our current work is aimed at building new prototypes using PSI in solid state interfaces for scalable solar energy conversion. Finally, the incorporation of PSI into conducting polymer frameworks holds promise for improved conductivity and orientational control in the photoactive layers in these devices.
Effortless Devising and Theranostic Applications of Nanomaterial Modified Biosensors: An Expanding Horizon
Authors: Chatterjee Sanghamitra 
Published: February 2020

Electrochemistry has always provided analytical techniques characterized by instrumental simplicity, moderate cost and portability. Over the last decade the use of nanomaterials has had a great impact on biosensing. One major advantage of nanomaterials is their potential to be utilized as non-invasive diagnostic tools. Another is the capacity for combining multiple modalities within a single probe. Nanomaterials are also ideally suited to be applied as drug-delivery systems, which may facilitate the development of a new generation of theranostics with exquisitely sensitive chemical and biological sensing capabilities. Carbon based nanomaterials are the most widely used in electroanalytic and electrocatalytic sensing applications. Carbon nanomaterials offer unique advantages that span several domains, such as a high surface-to-volume ratio, high electrical conductivity, chemical stability, biocompatibility and robust mechanical strength. A critical feature that has driven the impressive success of the use of carbon based nanomaterials for electroanalytical applications most likely relates to the ability of these nanomaterials to promote electron transfer in electrochemical reactions. A number of electrochemical strategies have been explored in the development of nanomaterials based electrochemical biosensors for theranostic applications. Voltammetric techniques have been extremely useful in measuring blood levels, metabolites and the urinary excretion of drugs following low doses.
Biosensors that are based on carbon nanotubes provide a significant avenue for the detection of biomolecules for in vivo and in vitro applications. Efforts have been made in our group to develop new-fangled approaches for the electrochemical detection of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; antiviral drug and natural alkaloid related to hepatocellular carcinoma. The proposed nanomaterial based biosensors exhibited pronounced analytical performance and provided a new and powerful paradigm in terms of novel and augmented functionality that encompasses a wide variety of applications in clinical diagnostics and biological research. The developed electrochemical biosensors comprised of novel nanomaterials had great potential for enhancing and superseding the capabilities of current molecular diagnostics by allowing rapid and highly accurate diagnoses, the integration of diagnostic and therapeutic capacities and the realization of personalized medicine.
Sensitivity Improvement of a Low-Invasive Type Amperometric Glucose Sensor
Authors: Yasuzawa Mikito , Nakataki Shinsaku , Li Jiang , Kurashina Masashi , Harada Toshihiko 
Published: February 2020

Implantable glucose biosensors for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), are getting more attractive, since they can provide greater insight into the direction, magnitude, duration, frequency and possible causes of glucose fluctuations in response to meals, insulin injections, hypoglycemic episodes and exercise throughout the day. The current commercialized or presented conventional CGM sensor devise are required to have about 1.0 cm in length to be inserted inside the skin. Therefore, it is expected to develop lower invasive type glucose sensor in order to improve the life-quality of diabetic patients.　We have previously reported that the sensor response of a fine tapered needle type glucose sensor, which has a sensing region at the tip, showed good correlation with blood glucose value, even it was implanted in the skin of a rabbit for a length of 1.0 mm [1]. This indicate that the glucose measurement in dermis may provide valuable information comparable to subcutaneous tissue glucose measurement. As part of our low-invasive improvement of the sensor, miniaturization of sensing region is essential, but it may lead to a decrease of response current to glucose. Therefore, at the same time, the improvement of sensor sensitivity is also indispensable. The sensitivity of an enzyme based glucose sensor can be improved by introduction of carbon nanomaterial or mediator, which can increase electrode surface area and the efficiency of electron or mass transport to the transducer. Due to their high chemical stability, high surface area, and unique electronic properties, carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene has greatly increased biosensor sensitivity and response speed. On the other hand, electroetching of the electrode surface is an effective method to obtain a higher surface area, which may be responsible for enhanced sensitivity. In this study, introduction of carbon nanomaterial and electroetching technique were introduced to improve the sensitivity of the proposed glucose sensor.
[1] J. Li, P. Koinkar, Y. Fuchiwaki, M. Yasuzawa, Biosens. Bioelectron., 86 (2016) 90.
Label-Free Microchip Biosensor for Telomerase Activity in Acute T Cell Leukemia
Authors: Diaz-Cartagena Diana C , Hernández Griselle , Diaz-Ayala Ramonita , Cunci Lisandro , Cabrera Carlos R 
Published: February 2020

In the last decade, researchers are looking for platforms, methods, and techniques that mitigate all the problems that current cancer detection methods have; expensiveness, can not be use in a point of care location, do not detects early steps of the disease and are time consuming tests. Nowadays, various researchers have focused on the development of electrochemical devices that detect telomerase as a cancer biomarker. Using a Roche Diagnostics Accu-Chek Aviva® electrochemical platform and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), as a sensing technique, telomerase activity in Acute T Cell Leukemia was detected. The detection limit was 0.980 cells/mL. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the telomerase substrate DNA probe (TS) self assembled monolayer on the gold electrode surfaces. TS probe is rich in guanines thus form secondary structures know as G-quadruplex. Fluorescence spectra showed characteristic fluorescence of DNA G-quadruplex confirming its formation. Additionally, confocal microscope fluorescence images showed the formation of the DNA G-quadruplex as a result of the TS elongation on the electrode surface after been exposed to telomerase. Western blood and gel electrophoresis were used to confirm telomerase presence in Jurkat nuclear cell extracts and to study the DNA elongation process, respectively. The methods and equipment investigated by our group in this investigations will emerge in a development of an electrochemical label free telomerase biosensor and its implementation as a medical device.
This research work was supported by NSF-Chemistry Grant No. CHE-1152940.

Figure 1