bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Choose Health: Food, Fun, and Fitness 3rd‐ to 6th‐Grade Curriculum: Changes in Obesity‐Related Behaviors
Authors: Wolfe Wendy S. , Dollahite Jamie 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDChoose Health: Food, Fun, and Fitness (CHFFF) is aimed at 3rd to 6th graders, and uses experiential learning, food preparation, active games, goal setting, and a family newsletter to target behaviors shown to decrease childhood obesity and chronic disease risk. This study aimed to evaluate CHFFF as intended in low‐income settings.METHODSA quasi‐experimental design with delayed intervention was used. CHFFF participants in 27 after‐school and 28 in‐school groups in 5 New York counties in 2014 to 2015 completed a self‐report survey at initial enrollment, after a no‐intervention control period, and after receiving CHFFF. Statistical analyses were based on 561 3rd to 6th graders who completed all 3 surveys and participated in at least 4 of the 6 lessons.RESULTSCompared to their control period, after receiving CHFFF, youth significantly improved in the following multi‐item dietary scores: overall dietary intake (p < .001), vegetable intake (p < .001), fruit intake (p < .01), soda/fast food intake (p < .05) and intent to consume soda/fast food (p < .001). Youth also reported reading Nutrition Facts labels and sharing about healthy eating with their family more often (both p < .001), and greater likelihood of having tried a new food (p < .001).CONCLUSIONSResults provide evidence for the effectiveness of this curriculum in improving self‐reported child diet and related behaviors.
School as a Protective Setting for Excess Weight Gain and Child Obesity: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Nicholson Laura M. , McLeod Loren Dorothy , Reifenberg Alexandra , Beets Michael W. , Bohnert Amy M. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe structure provided by school settings even with no specific obesity‐intervention may prevent weight gain. This meta‐analytic study considered this premise by examining weight outcomes from control groups in published randomized controlled trials of school‐year obesity‐related interventions conducted in‐school and out‐of‐school.METHODSA systematic review and random‐effects meta‐analysis were conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Databases were systematically searched and resulted in 1976 unique citations, with 14 retained for analysis. Analyses examined the change in weight outcomes among control group participants.RESULTSFor studies (N = 6) reporting body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) the overall standardized mean difference (SMD) from pre‐ to post‐intervention was 0.085 (raw units 0.278 kg/m2); for studies (N = 9) reporting zBMI, the SMD was 0.022 (0.020 z‐scores), for studies (N = 2) reporting waist circumference (cm), the SMD was 0.149 (1.609 cm); for studies (N = 2) reporting BMI percentile, the SMD was 0.064 (0.985 percentiles); and for studies (N = 1) reporting percent body fat, the SMD was 0.031 (0.30 percentage).CONCLUSIONSChildren assigned to control conditions (as part of school‐based obesity‐related interventions) experience, on average, minimal changes in weight outcomes during the school year. Therefore, routine practices of schools may protect against unhealthy weight gains.
Model School‐District Wellness Policies Warrant Improvements in Comprehensiveness and Strength
Authors: Meendering Jessica R. , Skinner Maty M. , McCormack Lacey A. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool districts participating in the US Child Nutrition program are required to have a wellness policy. Many state agencies provide model policies to aid districts in policy creation. However, use of model wellness policies has not been associated with higher quality policies. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to assess the quality of model wellness policies and to determine if federal regulations are more likely to be included than evidence‐based best practices.METHODSModel wellness polices available through state agency websites were analyzed for comprehensiveness and strength using the WellSAT 3.0 and item status as a federal regulation or best practice was assigned. We used linear regression to determine if federal regulation status was associated with inclusion in model wellness policies.RESULTSOverall, 34 states had model wellness policies available online. The total comprehensiveness and strength of model wellness policies was 59.3 ± 17.5 and 21.4 ± 17.6, respectively, out of 100 possible points. Among policy sections, comprehensiveness was highest within Nutrition Education (73.2 ± 31.6) and lowest in Wellness Promotion and Marketing (49.8 ± 27.2). On average, WellSAT items that were federal regulations were covered in 71% of model policies, while best practices were only covered in 54% of model policies (p = .008).CONCLUSIONSThere is a need to improve the quality of model wellness policies. The development of a uniform model policy may be warranted to provide a comprehensive list of federal regulations and best practices, written with strong language, for inclusion within school wellness policies.
Salty taste threshold among children of different ethnicities
Authors: Dora Rosmawati , Lim Sim Yee , Haron Hasnah , Wong Jyh Eiin , Yatiman Noor Hafizah , Poh Bee Koon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTaste perception is an important determinant of food preference and consumption. Salty taste sensitivity among children can be influenced by ethnicity. This study determined the salty taste threshold among children of different ethnicities in Malaysia. Forty‐two children aged 9–11 years from the three main ethnic groups (14 Malays, 15 Chinese, 13 Indians) in Malaysia were recruited for this cross‐sectional study. The salty taste threshold was determined using two‐alternative forced‐choice staircase with 18 different concentrations of sodium chloride solutions (0.056 to 1,000 mM). Overall, the mean salty taste threshold among children was 1.01 ± 0.71 mM. No significant difference was noted in the salty taste threshold between boys and girls (p = .830). Chinese children had a significantly higher salty taste threshold (1.21 ± 0.53 mM) compared with Malay (1.13 ± 1.13 mM) and Indian children (0.67 ± 0.72 mM, p < .05). In conclusion, further studies are warranted to better understand how taste sensitivity may influence salt preference and food intake among children of different ethnicities in Malaysia.Practical applicationsSalty taste sensitivity developed during childhood is one of the factors that influence preference towards salty taste and intake of salty food in later life. A variety of cuisines in different ethnic cultures is related to different preferences in taste and food. The difference of salty taste threshold among children in this study may provide valuable insights and data for future intervention programme among children of different ethnicities. Besides, this study may also provide the foundation and references in the formulation of low salt food.
A research approach for co‐designing education with healthcare consumers
Authors: Brand Gabrielle , Sheers Carli , Wise Steve , Seubert Liza , Clifford Rhonda , Griffiths Pamela , Etherton‐Beer Christopher 
Published: November 2020

AbstractContextCommunity and consumer involvement in health professions education (HPE) is of growing interest among researchers and educators, particularly in preparing health care graduates to effectively learn from, and collaborate with, people with lived experience of health issues. However, to date there has been limited direction on methodological approaches to engage health care consumers in the research and co‐design of HPE.ApproachIn this paper, we describe the background to our work with health care consumers including the five core principles for successful co‐design (inclusive; respectful; participative; iterative; outcomes focused) and how they can be applied as a research approach in HPE. We introduce the use of arts and humanities‐based teaching methodologies including engagement, meaning‐making and translational education strategies to illustrate how this research approach has been applied to reframe mental health education and practice in Australia. Furthermore, we share some reflective insights on the opportunities and challenges inherent in using a co‐design research approach in HPE.ConclusionsFor the consumer voice to be embedded across HPE, there needs to be a collective commitment to curriculum redesign. This paper advances our understandings of the educational research potential of working with health care consumers to co‐design rich and authentic learning experiences in HPE. Co‐design research approaches that partner with and legitimise health care consumers as experts by experience may better align education and health professional practice with consumers’ actual needs, an important first step in transforming hierarchical health care relationships towards more humanistic models of care.
Novel Fus3‐ and Ste12‐interacting protein FsiA activates cell fusion‐related genes in both Ste12‐dependent and ‐independent manners in Ascomycete filamentous fungi
Authors: Katayama Takuya , Bayram Özgür , Mo Taoning , Karahoda Betim , Valerius Oliver , Takemoto Daigo , Braus Gerhard H. , Kitamoto Katsuhiko , Maruyama Jun‐ichi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFilamentous fungal cells, unlike yeasts, fuse during vegetative growth. The orthologs of mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase Fus3 and transcription factor Ste12 are commonly involved in the regulation of cell fusion. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms underlying cell fusion in filamentous fungi have not been revealed. In the present study, we identified the novel protein FsiA as an AoFus3‐ and AoSte12‐interacting protein in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae. The expression of AonosA and cell fusion‐related genes decreased upon fsiA deletion and increased with fsiA overexpression, indicating that FsiA is a positive regulator of cell fusion. In addition, the induction of cell fusion‐related genes by fsiA overexpression was also observed in the Aoste12 deletion mutant, indicating that FsiA can induce the cell fusion‐related genes in an AoSte12‐independent manner. Surprisingly, the fsiA and Aoste12 double deletion mutant exhibited higher cell fusion efficiency and increased mRNA levels of the cell fusion‐related genes as compared to the fsiA single deletion mutant, which revealed that AoSte12 represses the cell fusion‐related genes in the fsiA deletion mutant. Taken together, our data demonstrate that FsiA activates the cell fusion‐related genes by suppressing the negative function of AoSte12 as well as by an AoSte12‐independent mechanism.
Clinical evaluation of two different (1,3)‐ß‐d‐glucan assays for diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zubkowicz Marta , Held Jürgen , Baier Michael , Pletz Mathias W. , Kesselmeier Miriam , Hagel Stefan , Bahrs Christina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) remains a major challenge in routine clinical practice.ObjectivesThe aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the fungal biomarker (1,3)‐ß‐d‐glucan (BDG) using the β‐Glucan test (GT) and the well‐established Fungitell assay® (FA) in real‐life clinical practice.Patients/MethodsWe included 109 patients with clinical suspicion of IFD who were treated at Jena University Hospital, Germany, between November 2018 and March 2019. The patients were classified according to the latest update of the EORTC/MSG consensus definitions of IFD. The first serum sample of every patient was analysed for BDG using the FA and the GT, respectively.ResultsFifty‐six patients (51.4%) had at least one host factor for IFD. In patients with proven (n = 11) or probable IFDs (n = 20), median BDG concentrations were 145.0 pg/ml for the FA and 5.1 pg/ml for the GT, respectively. A positive test result of both BDG assays at manufacturer's cut‐offs predicted 89.5%‐98.3% of proven or probable IFD, but the sensitivity of both assays was limited: The FA identified 60.7% of IFDs (cut‐off: 80 pg/ml). Reducing the GT cut‐off value from 11.0 to 4.1 pg/ml increased the detection rate of IFDs from 35.5% to 54.8%.ConclusionsA positive test result of both BDG assays at manufacturer's cut‐off was highly predictive for IFD, but except for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia sensitivities were limited. Adjustment of the GT cut‐off value equalised sensitivities of GT and FA.
Hepatitis B related dilemmas in the renal unit
Authors: Holt Stephen G. , Locarnini Stephen , Sasadeusz Joe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTesting for hepatitis B in dialysis patients is routine, but newer and more sensitive detection methods mean that there is sometimes confusion around viral loads and occult infection. There are frequently difficult choices surrounding isolation and treatment. Here we describe the use of HBV serology and DNA testing in decisions around patients with end‐stage renal disease. We also suggest isolation decisions based on our current understanding of the virus and its infectivity.
SCFSNIPER7 controls protein turnover of unfoldase CDC48A to promote plant immunity
Authors: Ao Kevin , Tong Meixuezi , Li Lin , Lüdke Daniel , Lipka Volker , Chen She , Wiermer Marcel , Li Xin 
Published: November 2020

Summary

The unfoldase CDC48 (Cell Division Cycle 48) is highly conserved in eukaryotes, serving as an AAA + ATPase to extract ubiquitinated proteins from large protein complexes and membranes. Although its biochemical properties have been studied extensively in yeast and animal systems, the biological roles and regulations of the plant CDC48s have been explored only recently.

Here we describe the identification of a novel E3 ligase from the SNIPER (snc1‐influencing plant E3 ligase reverse genetic) screen, which contributes to plant defense regulation by targeting CDC48A for degradation. SNIPER7 encodes an F‐box protein and its overexpression leads to autoimmunity.

We identified CDC48s as interactors of SNIPER7 through immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry proteomic analysis. SNIPER7 overexpression lines phenocopy the autoimmune mutant Atcdc48a‐4. Furthermore, CDC48A protein levels are reduced or stabilized when SNIPER7 is overexpressed or inhibited, respectively, suggesting that CDC48A is the ubiquitination substrate of SCFSNIPER7.

Taken together, this study reveals a new mechanism where a SCFSNIPER7 complex regulates CDC48 unfoldase levels and modulates immune output.
Head and neck dermatitis, a subtype of atopic dermatitis induced by Malassezia spp: Clinical aspects and treatment outcomes in adolescent and adult patients
Authors: Guglielmo Alba , Sechi Andrea , Patrizi Annalisa , Gurioli Carlotta , Neri Iria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesHead and neck dermatitis (HND) is a clinical variant of atopic dermatitis (AD), presenting in adolescence or adulthood and characterized by involvement of the head, neck, and superior part of the trunk. The role of Malassezia spp has been advocated in the pathogenesis of HND, and antifungal agents represent the treatment of choice.MethodsA retrospective single‐center study was performed to define the clinical features and treatment response of HND among adolescent and adult patients.ResultsThirty‐one patients were identified, 17 with "adolescent‐onset" and 14 with "adult‐onset" HND. Adolescent‐onset HND positively correlated with a past history of AD and presented with exclusive head and neck involvement (P < .05). Adult‐onset HND was associated with concomitant widespread atopic eczema, involving the flexural areas of the upper and lower limbs, trunk, nipples, or hands (P < .05). A positive response to itraconazole in combination with topical treatments was observed in both groups.ConclusionsThis study delineates two HND clinical phenotypes: adolescent vs adult onset. Different characteristics were observed in terms of relationship to AD and eczema localization. A history of AD in childhood and presentation with exclusive involvement of head and neck regions was observed predominantly in the adolescent‐onset form, while adult‐onset HND often occurred in association with diffuse dermatitis and a past history of AD was less frequent than in the adolescent group. The study is limited by the single‐center retrospective nature, which may lead to diagnostic and selection biases, and the small cohort of patients.
Pediatric drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: A systematic review of the literature, with a focus on relapsing cases
Authors: Afiouni Rym , Zeinaty Perla , Kechichian Elio , Zoghaib Samer , Matar Stephanie , Helou‐Mallat Josiane , Tomb Roland 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDrug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe cutaneous adverse drug reaction with systemic symptoms. This study aims to investigate clinical features, causative drugs, and available treatments for pediatric DRESS, particularly for relapsing cases.MethodsA systematic search of the English and French literature on pediatric DRESS was conducted using the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane collaboration databases. Confirmed cases of pediatric DRESS fulfilling the RegiSCAR diagnostic criteria with a probable or a definite diagnosis were included.ResultsAfter full‐text article review, 144 articles were included, representing a total of 354 pediatric patients with a mean age of 8.8 years. The mean time from the drug intake until the onset of the first symptom was 18.9 days. Antiepileptic drugs were the main trigger, followed by anti‐infectious agents. Relapsing DRESS was reported in 17 children. In comparison to non‐relapsing cases, relapsing patients had more comorbidities. The initial clinical presentation was more commonly erythroderma. Facial edema, fever, and enlarged lymph nodes in more than two sites were more commonly found in relapsing cases. Systemic steroids were more frequently administered.ConclusionPediatric DRESS is a potentially severe adverse drug reaction. Antiepileptic agents are the most common causative agents. Fever, facial edema, lymph node enlargement, and pharyngeal and visceral involvement predicted DRESS reactivation in children. Corticosteroids were the mainstay of treatment.
Inductive knowledge and lotteries: Could one explain both ‘safely’?
Authors: Zhao Haicheng , Baumann Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSafety accounts of knowledge claim, roughly, that knowledge that p requires that one's belief that p could not have easily been false. Such accounts have been very popular in recent epistemology. However, one serious problem safety accounts have to confront is to explain why certain lottery‐related beliefs are not knowledge, without excluding obvious instances of inductive knowledge. We argue that the significance of this objection has hitherto been underappreciated by proponents of safety. We discuss Duncan Pritchard's recent solution to the problem and argue that it fails. More importantly, the problem reaches deeper and poses a threat to any current safety accounts that require a belief's modal stability in close possibilities (as well as safety accounts that appeal to ‘normality’). We end by arguing that ways out of the problem require substantial reconstruction for a safety‐based account of knowledge.
Governance landscapes for emerging technologies: The case of cryptocurrencies
Authors: Whitford Andrew B. , Anderson Derrick 
Published: November 2020

AbstractScholars call for “adaptive governance” to balance concern about technology uncertainty with the need for innovation in the governance of emerging technologies. Yet, empirical assessment of such governance systems remains sparse. Do the actors interested in the potential regulation of an emerging technology focus on their own interests and opportunities, or do they think in terms of the collective interest? We focus on the actors who embed such systems from a novel landscape perspective that combines two dimensions of governance: the nature of the regulatory target, and the nature of the process they advocate for governing the target. We present data from over 70 actors in the area of cryptocurrencies for evaluating this new logic.
Digital coping: How frontline workers cope with digital service encounters
Authors: Breit Eric , Egeland Cathrine , Løberg Ida B. , Røhnebæk Maria T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article addresses how frontline workers cope when dealing with digitally mediated service encounters. It draws on a qualitative study of frontline workers' experiences in an increasingly digitalised work environment in the context of employment assistance services. The material shows that digitalising service encounters leads to two overall types of change for frontline employees, and the article explores related coping responses. First, the technology leads to an increased availability of the frontline workers to the clients. This is coped with by handing over, or ‘outsourcing’, responsibilities to clients through digital platforms, and by reducing what is experienced as ‘noise’ related to incoming enquiries. Second, the technology leads to increased transparency of the service interactions, which is coped with by being careful about the content of client communications. The analysis of these changes and their related coping responses contributes to the research on digital public service encounters and highlights avenues for empirical studies and theoretical development within a topical, yet little studied, field.
Long‐term porcine islet graft survival in diabetic non‐human primates treated with clinically available immunosuppressants
Authors: Kim Jong‐Min , Hong So‐Hee , Chung Hyunwoo , Shin Jun‐Seop , Min Byoung‐Hoon , Kim Hyun Je , Kim Jiyeon , Hwang Eung Soo , Kang Hee‐Jung , Ha Jongwon , Park Chung‐Gyu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough pancreatic islet transplantation is becoming an effective therapeutic option for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who suffer from a substantially impaired awareness of hypoglycemia, its application is limited due to the lack of donors. Thus, pig‐to‐human islet xenotransplantation has been regarded as a promising alternative due to the unlimited number of “donor organs.” Long‐term xenogeneic islet graft survival in pig‐to‐non‐human primate (NHP) models has mainly been achieved by administering the anti‐CD154 mAb‐based immunosuppressant regimen. Since the anti‐CD154 mAb treatment has been associated with unexpected fatal thromboembolic complications in clinical trials, the establishment of a new immunosuppressant regimen that is able to be directly applied in clinical trials is an urgent need.MethodsWe assessed an immunosuppressant regimen composed of clinically available agents at porcine islet transplantation in consecutive diabetic NHPs.ResultsPorcine islet graft survival in consecutive diabetic NHPs (n = 7; >222, >200, 181, 89, 62, 55, and 34 days) without severe adverse events.ConclusionWe believe that our study could contribute greatly to the initiation of islet xenotransplantation clinical trials.