bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PON1 deficiency promotes TREM2 pathway-mediated microglial phagocytosis and inhibits LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines release
Authors: zhang lianfeng , Zhang Li , Dong Wei , Ma Yuanwu , Bai Lin , Zhang Xu , Sun Caixian , Li Jingwen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an HDL-associated enzyme, plays an anti-inflammatory role in the cardiovascular system. Levels of serum PON1 and polymorphisms in this gene were linked to Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD), but its function in the neuroimmune system and AD are not clear.
Methods

PON1 knockout rats previously generated by our lab were used to investigate the role of PON1 in microglia. Wild type (WT) rats and PON1 knockout (KO) rats were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 or 20 mg/kg) and the survival rates were compared. Microglia on the sections of rat brain tissues were immunostained with anti-Iba1 antibody and the microglia morphology was compared. The phagocytosis, cytokines release and transcriptome of primary microglia cells treated with or without LPS were analyzed. The interactions between PON1 and TREM2 were detected by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) using rat brain tissues or over-expressed BV2 cell lysates.
Results

The expression of PON1 was detected in human and rat brain tissues and rat primary microglia. Knockout of PON1 in rat brain tissues protected against LPS-induced lethality by decreasing TNF-α expression. PON1 knockout in microglia increased TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells 2) expressing and phagocytosis, but decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18 especially TNF-α (M1-phenotype markers) and increased IL-10 (M2-phenotype marker) release induced by LPS. PON1 knockout activated TREM2 pathway but decreased LPS-induced ERK activation. The phagocytosis promoting effect was reversed by administration of recombinant PON1 protein. The interaction between PON1 and TREM2 was verified and was associated with the localization of TREM2 in lysosomes.
Conclusions

These results suggest an inhibitory role of PON1 in microglial phagocytosis dependent on its interaction with TREM2. These findings provide novel insights into the role of PON1 in neuroinflammation and highlight TREM2 as a potential target for Alzheimer’s disease therapy.
β-synuclein promotes synaptic vesicle dopamine uptake and rescues dopaminergic neurons from MPTP-induced death
Authors: Ninkina Natalia , Millership Steven J. , Peters Owen M. , Connor-Robson Natalie , Chaprov Kirill , Montoya Alex , Kramer Holger , Withers Dominic J. , Buchman Vladimir 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background.

Previous studies demonstrated that dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of mice with null mutations for genes encoding α-synuclein and/or γ-synuclein are resistant to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) toxicity. An original straightforward interpretation of these results was that these proteins are directly involved in the mechanism of MPTP-induced degeneration and this view has become commonly accepted. Here we provide evidence that a plausible alternative explanation of this resistance is not the absence of these synucleins per se but their substitution on the membrane of synaptic vesicles by the third member of the family, β-synuclein.
Methods.

An effect of sub-chronic MPTP regimen on dopaminergic neurons of SNpc was studied in mice lacking members of the synuclein family in all possible combinations. Dopamine uptake was assessed in synaptic vesicles isolated from synuclein null mutant mice. Protein composition of synaptic vesicles was studied by mass spectrometry.
Results.

Dopaminergic neurons of mice lacking β-synuclein singularly or in combination with the loss of other synucleins, were sensitive to the toxic effect of MPTP. Dopamine uptake by synaptic vesicles isolated from the striatum of triple α/β/γ-synuclein deficient mice was significantly reduced, while reintroduction of β-synuclein either in vivo or in vitro reversed this effect. Proteomic analysis of complexes formed on the surface of synuclein-free synaptic vesicles after addition of recombinant β-synuclein identified multiple integral constituents of these vesicles as well as typically cytosolic proteins, including key enzymes involved in dopamine synthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC).
Conclusions.

Of the three members of the synuclein family, only β-synuclein can play a scaffolding role for the assembly of molecular complexes that potentiate the ability of synaptic vesicles to uptake and sequester dopamine and other structurally similar molecules, including 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), a toxic metabolite of MPTP. The increased presence and activity of β-synuclein at the synaptic vesicles, and not the absence of other synucleins per se, explains the decreased sensitivity to MPTP toxicity of SNpc dopaminergic neurons in mice lacking α-synuclein and/or γ-synuclein.
Acute Pancreatitis may Occur in COVID-19 Patients with Clearance of SARS-CoV-2 in Lung: A Case Report
Authors: Zhao Hong , Su Junwei , Xu Kaijin , Shi Yu , Qiu Yunqing , Sheng Jifang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is mostly causes lung damages, but also lead to gastroenterology injury. SARS-CoV-2 - associated acute pancreatitis has been reported, however, clearance of SARS-CoV-2 and the pancreatitis was not clear.Case presentation: A 62 year old diabetic female patient suffer from coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) and detection of SARS-CoV-2 turned negative on day 11 and day 12 in sputum. Two days latter, the patient was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Through the support treatment, the patient got better and discharged from our hospital 18 days later.Conclusions: Our case provided an initial view of SARS-CoV-2 infection with acute pancreatitis and the acute pancreatitis may occur in COVID-19 patients with clearance of SARS-CoV-2 in lung.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy on the Effect of PCSK9 Inhibitor on Lipoprotein Particles in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes(ACS)
Authors: li tingting , Cong Hongliang , zhang yingyi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: To assess the effects of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor (evolocumab) on blood lipid level, lipoprotein particles, and their subfractions with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in patients with acute coronary syndromes(ACS).Methods: A total of 99 consecutive patients with ACS and poor lipid control were enrolled and assigned to either the experimental group (n = 54) or the control group (n = 45). The combination therapy of PCSK9 inhibitor (Repatha ® , 140mg, q2w) and moderate statin (rosuvastatin, 10 mg, qn) was administered in the experimental group, with moderate statin therapy (rosuvastatin, 10 mg, qn) alone in the control group. The therapeutic effects on blood lipid levels and lipoprotein particle subfractions were assessed with NMR spectroscopy after eight weeks of treatment, and the achievement of LDL-C treatment target in both groups was analyzed.Results: In the experimental group, after eight weeks of evolocumab and moderate statin combination therapy, the level of blood lipids (TC, LDL-C and its subfractions [LDL-1 to 6], VLDL-C and its subfractions [VLDL-1 to 5], IDL-C, and HDL-C), lipoprotein particles, and their subfractions (VLDL-P, IDL-P, LDL-P, and its subfractions [LDL-P1 to 6], apoB, and LP(a)) demonstrated therapeutic benefits with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Lowered level of LDL-P was attributed to the significant decrease of small LDL-P (LDL-P5+6), which was significantly more prominent than the decrease in medium LDL-P (LDL-P3+4) and large LDL-P (LDL-P1+2) (P < 0.001). According to lipid control target recommended by the latest China Cholesterol Education Program (CCEP) Expert Consensus in 2019, the percentage of patients reaching the treatment target differed significantly between the experimental group and the control group (96.3% and 13.3%, respectively, P < 0.001).Conclusions: PCSK9 inhibitor treatment for 8 weeks could significantly improve the plasma lipid profiles in ACS patients with poor lipid control, and significantly decrease the concentration of lipoprotein particles which could result in atherosclerosis.
Investigating Visualization Principles for Heritage Rehabilitation
Authors: Al-Sakkaf Abobakr , El-Zahab Samer , Lasod Saleh Ben 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Many countries of the world suffered the problem of historical neighborhoods within their urban entity, through various treatments and phases. Regardless of numerous treatments, the city in general is described as an organic entity that has past, present, and future. This past with its birth, originality, and transformation had to have relied on material and spiritual assets that surrounded it, and the urban texture that lived and continued in the peripheries of the cities during the past era is only cultural humanitarian production that interacted and was environmentally consistent and covered the human needs that were related to time and place. In this article, three international experiences were chosen from countries that are different in their geographic location and cultural heritage, and have analyzed their experiences to conserve the historical identity of cities, as follows: The first experience which is handled by the research is the experience of France in the renovation, conservation, and improvements of heritage sites. Any type of dealing on whatever level with historical areas (whether subject to maintenance, improvement or renewal) were subject and belonged to a general plan that was set based on a comprehensive view of the city as a whole, taking into account all elements that affect the problem, including economic, social, cultural and political matters. It is known that France holds advanced philosophical and theoretical heritage in the field of urban planning based on situations of the senior architects and theorists of planning in the past century. The second experience studied in this article takes place in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and presents astounding results in the field. It was renewed and was conserved by autonomous efforts by the rehabilitation of many historical cities and restoration of their vitality and spirituality to become attractive to tourism, heritage value, and investment. North America included the United State of America and Canada.
In-vitro Antiviral Activity of Natural Products against Coronavirus Strains: A Systemic Review
Authors: KC Sindhu , Pandit Manoj , Shrivastava Amit Kumar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus is a non-segmented, positive-sense RNA genome belonging to the family coronaviridae in the order Nidovirales Corona viral infections have created serious threats in the last couple of decades and recently claiming the death of thousands of human beings. Natural products provide a valuable and powerful resource of chemical compounds alkaloids, tannins, caffeine, biopterin, actinophnine, etc. displaying antiviral properties. The data was reviewed from various databases or search engines: PubMed, Science Direct, MedLine, Google Scholar, and Biomed central for published articles. The data inclusion criteria was natural products and their isolated and different synthetic compounds. Data duplication and titles or contents that do not meet the inclusion criteria and Reports on antiviral activities of natural products or their derivatives against other than CoV strains were excluded. We encountered 49 plants and 19 compound chemically defined natural molecules reported in the literature, which have evaluated for potent antiviral activity against different coronavirus strains. The listed plants and their compounds in this review are highly potent with promising results against coronavirus. These can be further screened for invasive tests and used for making different formulations or may be polyherbal formulations considering its safety profile and toxicity.
Decomposition performance of hypochlorite on bead-type NiOx(OH)y catalyst: improving applicability of catalysts
Authors: Xu Wenying , Gao Haoyang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
An easy-to-use, pollution-free and reusable beaded NiOx(OH)y catalyst for improving hypochlorite oxidation was prepared by impregnating the mixture of persulfate and alkali over alumina and then reduced it with Ni2+. The effects of catalyst preparation conditions and reaction parameters on NaClO conversion rate and Ni2+ dissolution rate were studied. Impregnating the γ-Al2O3 beads in PS/OH− mixed solution with 0.59 M PS and PS/OH− molar ratio of 1.1, and then reducing with 0.8 M Ni2+ solution is the best condition for preparing catalyst. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The best catalytic layer is characterized by high content of chemisorbed oxygen which can be converted into atomic oxygen. The hypochlorite conversion rate increased with the catalyst dosage and reuse times, and decreased with available chlorine, while pH of hypochlorite solution had little effect on the conversion rate. After running stably for 120 h in continuous flow test, the chemisorbed oxygen content in the optimal catalytic layer decreased slightly. Atomic oxygen plays an important role in the decolorization of dye solution by NaClO/NiOx(OH)y system. The oxidant consumption cost of this process is much cheaper than Fenton reagent. The prepared catalyst has great potential in hypochlorite decomposition and wastewater treatment.
An HIV-Positive Patient Presenting with Malignant Bone Tumor in Left Tibia Treated with Microwave Ablation for Limb Salvage
Authors: Gao Tongshuan , Dong Chuan , Zhang Minghua , Ding Rui , Yang Yindi , Yu Zhe 
Published: August 2020

Background:
We report on a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive
disease with a malignant bone tumor in the left proximal tibia treated with surgery using microwave
ablation (MWA).

Case Presentation:
A 50-year-old Chinese male presented with sudden pain in the left knee and
weight loss that had begun 2 months prior to his visit. The preoperative X-ray and MRI scan both
demonstrated significant osteolytic destruction in the left proximal tibia surrounded with soft tissue
mass. The patient underwent limb salvage surgery for his left leg with the technique of microwave
ablation in situ. The pathology revealed myofibroblastic sarcoma with no positive margins, stage
T2N0M0. The patient has a satisfactory functional and cosmetic limb with no evidence of disease
at a follow-up time of 2 years.

Conclusion:
MWA is a feasible and effective surgical method for the limb salvage operation, especially
for the patient with poor immunological function, e.g., HIV infection. It might offer an innovative
and distinctive therapeutic alternative for malignant bone tumors, while avoiding prosthesis
replacement.
Is Ocular Toxicity Expected in Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine Prescription as a Therapeutic or Prophylactic Option in COVID-19?
Authors: Bagheri Masood , Rashe Zahra , Ahur Mohammad H. , Eidizadeh Mojtaba 
Published: August 2020

Background:
On 11th March 2020, WHO announced novel coronavirus infectious
(COVID-19) as a pandemic. New Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP) that emerge on 31st
December 2019 from China and quickly became a Public Health Emergency of International
Concern (PHEIC). In the absence of evidence-based proven prophylactic or therapeutic
options, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (CQ/HCQ) patented as first line choice in COVID-
19 treatment, which raised concerns about drug poisoning, especially ocular toxicity.

Objective:
This study aims to investigate the possibility of ocular toxicity and the need for
ophthalmic counseling to prescribing this therapeutic protocol.

Methods:
All the articles that were most relevant to the COVID-19 therapeutic or prophylactic
options and CQ derivative ocular toxicity, were founded by a literature search and
were thoroughly reviewed.

Results:
Anecdotal recent reports introduce CQ/HCQ as an effective therapeutic or prophylactic
choice for COVID-19. Because of the short time prescribe and the insignificant cumulative
dose of the drug on the one hand and a higher risk of cross-infection during an ophthalmic examination,
on the other hand, an ophthalmologic consult is not recommended except in highrisk
patients for retinal toxicity.

Conclusion:
This study recommended ophthalmic evaluation before CQ/HCQ prescription
for treatment or prophylaxis of COVID-19 only in preexisting maculopathy.
A Novel Control Scheme for PWM Boost Converter based on Sliding Mode Control using Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Liu Gang , Qiu Dong , Wang Xiuru , Zhang Ke , Huang Huafeng , Wang Kelong 
Published: August 2020

Background:
The PWM Boost converter is a strongly nonlinear discrete system, especially when the input
voltage or load varies widely, therefore, tuning the control parameters of which is a challenge work.

Objective:
In order to overcome the issues, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is employed for tuning the parameters of a
sliding mode controller of a boost converter.

Methods:
Based on the analysis of the Boost converter model and its non-linear characteristics, a mathematic model of a
boost converter with a sliding mode controller is built firstly. Then, the parameters of the Boost controller are adjusted
based on the integrated time and absolute error (ITAE), integral square error (ISE) and integrated absolute error (IAE)
indexes by PSO.

Results:
Simulation verification was performed, and the results show that the controllers tuned by the three indexes all
have excellent robust stability.

Conclusion:
The controllers tuned by ITAE and ISE indexes have excellent steady-state performance, but the overshoot is
large during the startup. The controller tuned by IAE index has better startup performance and slightly worse steady-state
performance.
Expression and Characterization of Rice-produced Recombinant Porcine Lactoferrin and its Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Lee Kuan-Chih , Hsieh Kun-Ting , Chen Ray-Bin , Lin Wei-Chih , Wang Chang-Sheng , Lee Tzu-Tai , Chen Liang-Jwu 
Published: August 2020

Background:Lactoferrin (LF) exhibits multiple beneficial biological activities and thus has been used as a health food and additive. To broaden its application in the food industry, the porcine LF (pLF) gene has been engineered into rice to produce recombinant LF (rpLF) for use as a food additive. The iron-binding and antimicrobial activities of rpLF and its positive effects on early weaned piglets have been previously evaluated, yet several features, such as the signal peptide removal, glycosylation sites and antioxidant activity of rpLF, have not been fully characterized.Objective:In this work, the rice-produced rpLF was purified and its biochemical structure and antioxidant activities characterized.Methods:HPLC, Western blot, PAS/VVL/PNA staining, Edman degradation assay, MALDI-TOF, LC-MS/MS and antioxidant activity assays were performed.Results:The results showed that this purified rpLF is a mature form of LF; its signal peptide was correctly removed, and two N-glycosylation sites located at N365 and N472 were identified. The molecular mass heterogeneity of rpLF could be eliminated by treatment with PNGase glycosidase, suggesting that different degrees of N-glycosylation occur in rpLF. A series of assays including the iron chelating activity, reducing power assay, lipid peroxidase activity and radical-scavenging activity showed that the antioxidant activity of rice-produced rpLF was equivalent to that of bovine LF.Conclusion:Rice-produced rpLF was correctly processed post-translationally and displayed antioxidant activity equivalent to that of bovine LF; thus, rice-produced rpLF can be recognized as a plant-based antioxidant to be used as a functional additive in animal feed and for the food industry.
Assessment of Parents’ Knowledge and Attitudes on Emergency Management of Permanent Avulsed Teeth in Western Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alharbi Raghad , Aboalshamat Khalid , Alrabghi Khalidah , Alassiri Amjaad , Bashammakh Alaa , Alghamdi Alaa , Omaysh Nehal , Omar Rabiyah 
Published: August 2020

Objective:One of the most common dental injuries is dental avulsion. This study, conducted in the western region of Saudi Arabia, aimed to evaluate parent’s knowledge and attitudes regarding the emergency management of avulsed permanent and deciduous teeth in children.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 393 parents recruited from six dental clinics and hospitals in Makkah and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The data were collected with a self-administered questionnaire that assesses the level of knowledge for managing deciduous and permanent avulsed teeth.Results:The total score for correct answers about managing permanent avulsed teeth had a mean of 4.77 and a standard deviation of 2.14 (out of 10 questions). With a permanent avulsed tooth, 35.37% were aware of dental reimplanting, 27.7% identified milk as an appropriate medium, and 57.5% would seek professional help immediately after dental trauma. Females and participants with a bachelor’s or higher degree had significantly higher levels of knowledge than males and participants with a high school or lower education. There were 28.5% of respondents who had a previous history of dental trauma for a child. A total of 62.1% knew that there is a difference in managing deciduous versus permanent teeth, but only 40.7% knew the proper management for deciduous avulsed teeth. Previous history of child dental avulsion was not found to be associated with more knowledge on managing avulsed deciduous or permanent teeth.Conclusion:Parents in the western region of Saudi Arabia have inadequate levels of knowledge to manage deciduous and permanent tooth avulsion. More efforts should be applied for conducting promotional health campaigns aimed at improving parents’ knowledge.