bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are evaluative cultures national or global? A cross-national study on evaluative cultures in academic recruitment processes in Europe
Authors: Reymert Ingvild , Jungblut Jens , Borlaug Siri B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStudies on academic recruitment processes have demonstrated that universities evaluate candidates for research positions using multiple criteria. However, most studies on preferences regarding evaluative criteria in recruitment processes focus on a single country, while cross-country studies are rare. Additionally, though studies have documented how fields evaluate candidates differently, those differences have not been deeply explored, thus creating a need for further inquiry. This paper aims to address this gap and investigates whether academics in two fields across five European countries prefer the same criteria to evaluate candidates for academic positions. The analysis is based on recent survey data drawn from academics in economics and physics in Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the UK. Our results show that the academic fields have different evaluative cultures and that researchers from different fields prefer specific criteria when assessing candidates. We also found that these field-specific preferences were to some extent mediated through national frameworks such as funding systems.
Population norms of health-related quality of life in Moscow, Russia: the EQ-5D-5L-based survey
Authors: Hołownia-Voloskova Malwina , Tarbastaev Aleksei , Golicki Dominik 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo develop population norms for the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire based on a representative sample of Moscow citizens.MethodsWe used quota sampling accounting for sex, age group and administrative district of residence. Respondents in randomly selected outdoor and indoor locations were surveyed with the official Russian paper-and-pencil version of the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire and a set of socio-demographic questions. We estimated four types of EQ-5D results: the distribution of limitations according to EQ-5D-5L dimensions, the perception of the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with a visual analogue scale (EQ VAS), the unweighted score for a respondent’s health state (Level Sum Score, LSS) and the Russian health preferences-based weighted score (EQ index). In order to estimate the EQ-5D-5L index, we used a newly developed Russian EQ-5D-3L value set, together with EuroQol Group cross-over methodology.ResultsA total of 1020 respondents (18–93 years old) from the general Moscow adult population completed the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. HRQoL domains with the largest number of identified health limitations were pain/discomfort (48.6%) and anxiety/depression (44.1%). Two hundred seventy-nine respondents (27.0%) did not report any health restrictions. The mean EQ VAS and EQ-5D-5L index were 74.1 (SD 17.3) and 0.907 (0.106) respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that female sex, advanced age and lack of access to the Internet had a negative influence on HRQoL, whereas residence in certain districts had a positive impact.ConclusionsThe study provides population norms of health-related quality of life in Moscow, measured according to the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. These reference values can be used to optimise the effectiveness of resource allocation in healthcare.
„Für Frauen gibt es immer Arbeit!“ – Eine intersektionale Analyse migrantischer Arbeit in Spanien
Authors: Neuhauser Johanna 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungEine der häufigsten Antworten, die ich bei meiner Feldforschung in Spanien auf die Frage bekommen habe, wie sich die ökonomische Krise 2008 auf die Arbeitssituation von Migrantinnen ausgewirkt hat, war: „Für Frauen gibt es immer Arbeit“. Im folgenden Beitrag wird diese generalisierende Aussage einer genaueren Betrachtung unterzogen und die Auswirkungen der Krise werden entlang von Geschlecht und Ethnizität untersucht. Ziel des konzeptionellen Artikels ist, zu zeigen, dass eine intersektionale Analyse migrantischer Arbeit einen privilegierten Zugang zu grundlegenden gesellschaftlichen Widerspruchskonstellationen eröffnet und verdeckte Herrschaftszusammenhänge sichtbar machen kann. Sie trägt zu einer differenzierten Analyse von Arbeitsausbeutung bei und vermittelt zwischen den strukturellen Mechanismen und der subjektiven Wahrnehmung gesellschaftlicher Ungleichheit.
Karzinogenese: Big Bang oder kontinuierliche Evolution?
Authors: Haase Kerstin , Schwarz Roland F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntra-tumour heterogeneity is a key characteristic of tumours and poses significant clinical challenges. Despite extensive research, the evolutionary processes shaping cancer genomes are not yet fully understood. We here discuss two conflicting theories about the evolution of solid tumours: the Big Bang model and the classical model of continuous evolution. Using chromosomal instability we shed light on the preferred mode of cancer evolution and its implications for personalised treatment.
Mikrobiome — Forschung zwischen Theorie und praktischer Anwendung
Authors: Schloter Michael , Meyer Folker , Berg Gabriele 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicrobiomes are complex microbial communities, with manifold interactions in a given ecosystem. They are characterized by defined functional properties and pattern of activities. Microbiomes play an important role as parts of “holobionts” and strongly drive the health of their particular hosts. The article describes challenges and chances of recent microbiome research and future strategies how to make use of findings from basic research in environmental sciences as well as in medicine.
Das endoplasmatische Retikulum in der Mitose — ein wandelbares Netz
Authors: Schlaitz Anne 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn order to divide successfully, cells need to reorganize their interior including membrane-bound organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ER serves as sink and source for the nuclear envelope and undergoes distinct transformations in its morphology and dynamics during cell division. To fully appreciate the functions of ER remodeling during cell division it will be essential to first achieve a detailed understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Role of titanium carbide and alumina on the friction increment for Cu-based metallic brake pads under different initial braking speeds
Authors: Peng Tao , Yan Qingzhi , Zhang Xiaolu , Zhuang Yan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo understand the effect of abrasives on increasing friction in Cu-based metallic pads under different braking speeds, pad materials with two typical abrasives, titanium carbide (TiC) and alumina (Al2O3), were produced and tested using a scale dynamometer under various initial braking speeds (IBS). The results showed that at IBS lower than 250 km/h, both TiC and Al2O3particles acted as hard points and exhibited similar friction-increasing behavior, where the increase in friction was not only enhanced as IBS increased, but also enhanced by increasing the volume fraction of the abrasives. However, at higher IBS, the friction increase was limited by the bonding behavior between the matrix and abrasives. Under these conditions, the composite containing TiC showed a better friction-increasing effect and wear resistance than the composite containing Al2O3because of its superior particle-matrix bonding and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) compatibility. Because of the poor interface bonding between the matrix and Al2O3, a transition phenomenon exists in the Al2O3-reinforced composite, in which the friction-increasing effect diminished when IBS exceeded a certain value.
Regulation mechanism of biomolecule interaction behaviors on the superlubricity of hydrophilic polymer coatings
Authors: Zhang Caixia , Chen Junmin , Liu Mengmeng , Liu Yuhong , Liu Zhifeng , Chu Hongyan , Cheng Qiang , Wang Jianhua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHydrophilic polymer coatings can improve the surface characteristics of artificial implants. However, because they are used in vivo, they inevitably come into contact with biomolecules that affect their interfacial tribological properties. In this paper, the friction behaviors of poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA)-modified Ti6Al4V and polytetrafluorethylene balls were analyzed using albumin, globulin, aggrecan, and hyaluronic acid as lubricants. The interaction properties and dynamic adsorption characteristics of the biomolecules and PVPA molecules were explored by a quartz crystal microbalance to identify the cause of the friction difference. It was found that protein molecules disturbed the superlubricity of the PVPA-phosphate-buffered saline system because of the formation of a stable adsorption film, which replaced the interfacial characteristics of the PVPA coating. Polysaccharides, with their excellent hydration properties and polymer structure, had an unstable dynamic interaction or zero adsorption with PVPA molecules, and hardly changed the superlubricity of the PVPA and phosphate-buffered-saline system. The influence mechanism of the specific friction of proteins and polysaccharides was analyzed. Interactions were observed among different biomolecules. Polysaccharides can potentially reduce protein adsorption. The result of the synergistic regulation of the friction coefficient for PVPA-modified Ti6Al4V is approximately 0.017. The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis for the use of polymer coatings in vivo.
Cavitation erosion resistance of 316L stainless steel fabricated using selective laser melting
Authors: Ding Hongqin , Tang Qing , Zhu Yi , Zhang Chao , Yang Huayong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCavitation erosion degrades the performance and reliability of hydraulic machinery. Selective laser melting (SLM) is a type of metal additive manufacturing technology that can fabricate metal parts directly and provide lightweight design in various industrial applications. However, the cavitation erosion behaviors of SLM-fabricated parts have rarely been studied. In this study, SLM 316L stainless steel samples were fabricated via SLM technology considering the scanning strategy, scanning speed, laser power, and build orientation. The effect of the process parameters on the cavitation erosion resistance of the SLM-fabricated 316L stainless steel samples was illustrated using an ultrasonic vibratory cavitation system. The mass loss and surface topography were employed to evaluate the surface cavitation damage of the SLM-fabricated 316L stainless steel samples after the cavitation test. The cavitation damage mechanism of the SLM-fabricated samples was discussed. The results show that the degree of cavitation damage of the sample fabricated via SLM with a few defects, anisotropic build direction, and columnar microstructure is significantly decreased. Defects such as pores, which are attributed to low laser power and high scanning speed, may severely aggravate the cavitation damage of the SLM-fabricated samples. The sample fabricated via SLM with a low laser power and exposure time exhibited the highest porosity and poor cavitation erosion resistance. The cellular structures are more prone to cavitation damage compared with the columnar structures. A sample with a high density of grain boundaries will severely suffer cavitation damage.
Slow chaos in surface flows
Authors: Ulcigrai Corinna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFlows on surfaces describe many systems of physical origin and are one of the most fundamental examples of dynamical systems, studied since Poincará. In the last decade, there have been a lot of advances in our understanding of the chaotic properties of smooth area-preserving flows (a class which include locally Hamiltonian flows), thanks to the connection to Teichmueller dynamics and, very recently, to the influence of the work of Marina Ratner in homogeneous dynamics. We motivate and survey some of the recent breakthroughs on their mixing and spectral properties and the mechanisms, such as shearing, on which they are based, which exploit analytic, arithmetic and geometric techniques.
Verhaltenswissenschaftliche Forschung zum organisationalen Einkaufsverhalten: Überblick über die Marketingliteratur
Authors: Bornemann Torsten , Klarmann Martin , Moosbrugger Martin 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Forschung zu individuellen Konsumentenentscheidungen zeigt, dass diese oftmals nicht nur auf einer Beurteilung konkreter Attribute des Angebots beruhen, sondern ebenso durch entscheidungsvereinfachende Heuristiken beeinflusst werden. Überraschenderweise liegen diesbezüglich bislang kaum Erkenntnisse zu organisationalen Einkaufsentscheidungen im B2B-Kontext vor. Dieser Beitrag möchte hierzu Forschung initiieren. Zu diesem Zweck führen wir eine Bestandsaufnahme von Marketingstudien durch, die durch eine (zumindest implizite) Berücksichtigung von über die Kernleistung hinausgehenden Aspekten erste Erkenntnisse zu möglichen entscheidungsvereinfachenden Heuristiken im B2B-Kontext liefern können. Wir kategorisieren die identifizierten 102 Artikel in sechs Literaturfelder basierend auf Untersuchungseinheit (Individuum, Gruppe, Unternehmen) und zeitlicher Dimension (relational, transaktional). Wir beschreiben dann die zentralen Erkenntnisse in den Literaturfeldern sowie die verwendeten Methoden und Konstrukte. Basierend auf unserer Literaturbestandaufnahme schlagen wir fünf heuristische Attribute vor, von denen wir einen Einfluss auf organisationale Einkaufsentscheidungen erwarten: (1) Vertrauen, (2) Bestandslieferantenstatus, (3) Sympathie, (4) Marke und (5) Wertübereinstimmung.
The diversity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary isolates from western Poland
Authors: Starzycka-Korbas Elżbieta , Weber Zbigniew , Matuszczak Marcin , Bocianowski Jan , Budzianowski Grzegorz , Stefanowicz Michał , Starzycki Michał 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is one of the most dangerous pathogens of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Rape plants are infested most often in spring during the flowering phase. The aggressive nature of this fungus as well as its pathogenicity is attributed to its mycotoxin, particularly oxalic acid. Oxalic acid is responsible for the development of acid environment in the plant which triggers off activity of hydrolytic enzymes. The developing crystals of calcium oxalate contribute to destabilisation of pectin compounds found in the cell wall. Moreover, oxalic acid also acts as a suppressor of reactive oxygen forms (H2O2). In this study isolates of the S. sclerotiorum were collected in the years 2012–2014 from three different locations. Collective of isolates described as populations. Two hundred twenty eight (228) isolates of S. sclerotiorum were characterized by evaluation of the total amount of acids produced by the pathogen and at molecular level using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Statistical differences were found in acids production by particular S. sclerotiorum isolates collected in the years 2012–2014. Moreover, a relationship was found between acids production and the rate of linear mycelium growth. High similarity between pathogen isolates from the same locality was found using RAPD analysis with twelve primers and small genetic differences between pathogen isolates depending on the place of origin.
Quinoline Derivative Enhances Human Sperm Motility and Improves the Functional Competence
Authors: Kumari Sandhya , Salian Sujith Raj , Rao Arpitha , Somagond Shilpa M. , Kamble Ravindra R. , Nesaragi Aravind , Das Jyotirekha , Rajanikant G. K. , Mutalik Srinivas , Raghu Shamprasad Varija , Adiga Satish Kumar , Kalthur Guruprasad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to explore the beneficial properties of novel quinoline derivatives on human sperm motility and its functional competence. Nine novel quinoline derivatives were screened for their effect on motility in human spermatozoa from normozoospermic ejaculates. Compounds with impressive sperm motility enhancement properties were further assessed for their effect on functional competence of human spermatozoa. To determine the effect on the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa processed with quinoline derivatives and to assess developmental competence of embryos derived, in vitro fertilization (IVF) was performed using mouse model. Among the nine quinoline derivatives, 2 compounds (6MQT and 2,6DQT) exhibited significant enhancement in sperm progressive motility and survival at 24 h. Further, non-significant increase in curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) was observed. Capacitation, intracellular cAMP level and tyrosine phosphorylated sperm proteins were significantly higher in 6MQT (P < 0.05) and 2,6DQT (P < 0.001) compared to control. In vitro fertilization (IVF) experiments using Swiss albino mice revealed that spermatozoa processed with 6MQT had non-significantly higher blastocyst rate and a superior blastocyst quality, while, 2,6DQT resulted in significantly lower blastocyst rate (P < 0.05) compared to control. Quinoline derivative 6MQT has significant motility enhancement property under in vitro conditions.
Exploratory study of selected nucleotide variants in GRIN1, GRIN2A and GRIN2B encoding subunits of the NMDA receptor in a targeted group of schizophrenia patients with chronic cognitive impairment
Authors: Krzystanek Marek , Asman Marek , Witecka Joanna , Pałasz Artur , Wiaderkiewicz Ryszard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Schizophrenia is a mental disease that affects approximately 1% of the population. Despite over 100 years of research, its pathomechanism has still not been clarified. Cognitive deficits, which are one of the symptomatic dimensions of schizophrenia, usually appear a few years before the first psychotic episode. Therefore, this is why they are probably the clinical manifestation of the primary pathomechanism of schizophrenia. It is also supposed that N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) insufficiency in the prefrontal cortex is responsible for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. The study aimed to examine whether four selected single nucleotide variants in GRIN1, GRIN2A and GRIN2B encoding NMDA-R subunits, of which two have not been tested before, are linked with the selected clinical phenotype of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Methods
The study included the targeted group of 117 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, all with cognitive deficits and in symptomatic remission. DNA fragments including the studied polymorphisms of the NMDA receptors subunit genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and subjected to sequencing.

Results
The study did not confirm the presence of any of the four selected single nucleotide variants in GRIN1, GRIN2A and GRIN2B subunits of NMDA-R.

Conclusions
The finding indicates that selected single nucleotide variants in GRIN2A and GRIN2B encoding subunits of the NMDA receptor are not associated with the presence of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
Whose balance? A constructivist approach to balance of power politics
Authors: Müller Thomas , Albert Mathias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRealist and rationalist approaches to balance of power politics underplay the degree to which balances are socially constructed. We develop a constructivist approach that accounts for the elusive and contentious nature of the balances that states seek to balance. The approach foregrounds contests over balance interpretations between states that shape whose conceptions and assessments underpin the making and remaking of balances. We argue that shifts in balancing practices are crucial to the dynamics of these contests. To substantiate this argument, we empirically study the contests over the conventional and theatre nuclear balances between East and West in the last two decades of the Cold War. The case study shows that the conventional and theatre nuclear arms control negotiations – that is, the partial shift from adversarial to associational balancing – initially fuelled and amplified both contests. At the same time, the arms control negotiations eventually resolved the contests through the development of shared understandings of the two balances, thus ending the adversarial balancing between East and West. Overall, we contribute to theory development on balance of power politics by highlighting the importance of contests over balance interpretations and by providing insights into the politics and dynamics that shape these contests.
Cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the Healthy Eating Index adapted version for children aged 1–2 years
Authors: Ribas S. A. , Santos D. M. G. , Rosa G. P. C. , Teixeira M. T. , Rodrigues L. G. , Marques E. S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) for children aged 1–2 years and to analyse the quality of nutrition of preterm infants. This was a cross-sectional study with 106 premature infants attended in two specialised outpatient clinics of university hospitals. The quality of the diet was analysed through an adapted HEI to meet the dietary recommendations of Brazilian children aged 1–2 years. Food consumption was measured by 24-h recalls. The reliability of the instrument was evaluated by internal consistency analysis and inter-observer reliability using Cronbach’s α coefficient and κ with quadratic ponderation. The construct validity was evaluated by principal component analysis and by Spearman’s correlation coefficient with total energy and consumption of some groups’ food. The diet quality was considered adequate when the total HEI score was over 80 points. Cronbach’s α was 0·54. Regarding inter-observer reliability, ten items showed strong agreement (κ > 0·8). The item scores had low correlations with energy consumed (r ≤ 0·30), and positive and moderate correlation of fruit (r 0·67), meat (r 0·60) and variety of diet (r 0·57) with total scores. When analysing the overall quality of the diet, most patients need improvement (median 78·7 points), which can be attributed to low total vegetable intake and the presence of ultraprocessed foods in the diet. The instrument showed auspicious psychometric properties, being promising to evaluate the quality of the diet in children aged 1–2 years.
Giant otter Pteronura brasiliensis density and abundance in Llanos Orientales de Colombia in the Orinoco basin
Authors: Garrote Germán , Castañeda Beyker , Escobar Jose Manuel , Pérez Laura , Marín Brayan , Terán Jacinto , Trujillo Fernando 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe giant otter Pteronura brasiliensis, categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, was once widely distributed throughout South America. By the middle of the 20th century the giant otter had become locally extinct along the main rivers of the Orinoco basin. Although some populations seem to have recovered, the paucity of information available does not permit a full evaluation of the species' conservation status. The objective of this study was to estimate the abundance and density of the giant otter population along the Orinoco river in the municipality of Puerto Carreño, Vichada, Colombia, where there is important commercial and recreational fishing. Thirty-nine linear km were surveyed, repeatedly, with a total of 315 km of surveys. Population size was estimated by direct counts of individuals. All individuals detected were photographed and identified individually from their throat pelage patterns. In total, 30 otters were identified, giving a minimum density of 0.77 individuals per km, one of the highest reported for the species in Colombia. Given the high density in this well-developed area, our results highlight the importance of this population for the conservation of the species.