bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine‐Tuning Intrinsic Strain in Penta‐Twinned Pt–Cu–Mn Nanoframes Boosts Oxygen Reduction Catalysis
Authors: Qin Yuchen , Zhang Wenlong , Guo Kai , Liu Xiaobiao , Liu Jiaqi , Liang Xiaoyu , Wang Xiaopeng , Gao Daowei , Gan LiYong , Zhu Yating , Zhang Zhicheng , Hu Wenping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTuning the intrinsic strain of Pt‐based nanomaterials has shown great promise for improving the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance. Herein, reported is a tunable surface strain in penta‐twinned ternary Pt–Cu–Mn nanoframes (NFs). Pt–Cu–Mn ultrafine NFs (UNFs) exhibit ≈1.5% compressive strain compared to Pt–Cu–Mn pentagonal NFs (PNFs) and show the superior activity toward ORR in an alkaline environment. Specifically, the specific and mass activity of Pt–Cu–Mn UNFs are 3.38 mA cm−2 and 1.45 A mg−1, respectively, which is 1.45 and 1.71 times higher than that of Pt–Cu–Mn PNFs, demonstrating that compressive strain in NFs structure can effectively enhance the catalytic activity of ORR. Impressively, Pt–Cu–Mn UNFs exhibit 8.67 and 9.67 times enhanced specific and mass activity compared with commercial Pt/C. Theoretical calculations reveal that compression on the surface of Pt–Cu–Mn UNFs can weaken the bonding strengths and adsorption of oxygen‐containing intermediates, resulting in an optimal condition for ORR.
Evolving Magnetically Levitated Plasma Proteins Detects Opioid Use Disorder as a Model Disease
Authors: Ashkarran Ali Akbar , Olfatbakhsh Tina , Ramezankhani Milad , Crist Richard C. , Berrettini Wade H. , Milani Abbas S. , Pakpour Sepideh , Mahmoudi Morteza 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere are several methods (e.g., enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy) that already use human plasma to detect a variety of possible diseases. However, this paper introduces the capabilities of magnetic levitation (Maglev) to detect disease (Opioid Use Disorder, used here as a model disease) by using levitation of human plasma proteins. The presented proof‐of‐concept findings revealed that the optical images of magnetically levitated plasma proteins carry important information about the health spectrum of plasma donors. In addition, the liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy analysis of the magnetically levitated plasma proteins demonstrated remarkable differences between the plasma of healthy individuals and patients with opioid use disorders. Overall, the presented method provides diagnostic value for disease detection using optical images of evolving magnetically levitated plasma proteins and/or proteomic information.
Enhanced Low‐Frequency Monopole and Dipole Acoustic Antennas Based on a Subwavelength Bianisotropic Structure
Authors: Jia Yurou , Luo Yanchun , Wu Dajian , Wei Qi , Liu Xiaojun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHigh‐efficiency sound emission is crucial in practical scenarios, such as sonar system and acoustic communication. However, the efficient emission of the low‐frequency sound source is difficult because of the large acoustic radiation reactance from the ambient medium. Here, a subwavelength bianisotropic hybrid Mie resonator (BHMR) is proposed, which has shown excellent capability in converting a central monopole source into the enhanced monopole and dipole acoustic antennas at low frequency. The simulated acoustic field distributions and far‐field radiations of the BHMR demonstrate that the enhanced omnidirectional and directional antennas are induced by the monopole and dipole resonances, respectively. A BHMR sample is further fabricated and the enhancements of the monopole and dipole acoustic antennas by the BHMR are experimentally verified. The miniature BHMR offers an alternative way to achieve the enhanced low‐frequency monopole and dipole antennas that are highly desirable for loudspeaker design and acoustic communication.
Manganese‐Catalysed Dehydrogenative Coupling – An Overview
Authors: Rohit K. R. , Radhika Sankaran , Saranya Salim , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractManganese‐catalysed reactions have attracted great attention recently due to the high relative abundance and cheap and eco‐friendly behaviour. Applications of manganese catalysis in cross‐dehydrogenative coupling are among the hottest areas since 90% of the contributions are very recent. Dehydrogenation of alcohols using Mn‐pincer systems is highly explored nowadays for cross‐coupling to synthesise a variety of products and Mn‐catalysed C−H activation, and radical reactions are applied in dehydrogenative couplings of various synthons. This review focuses on the synthesis of synthetically as well as biologically important motifs such as carbonyl compounds, olefins, nitrogen heterocycles, amines, imines, etc. using manganese‐catalysed dehydrogenative cross‐coupling reactions.magnified image
Ultra‐Sharp Circular Dichroism Induced by Twisted Layered C4 Oligomers
Authors: Yang Younghwan , Kim Minkyung , Mun Jungho , Rho Junsuk 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChiral metamaterials consisting of sub‐wavelength asymmetric unit cells exhibit different optical responses on circularly polarized states of incident light. Chiral metamaterials with strong chiroptical activities provide sensitive sensors, finer spectrometers, and high‐performance encryption techniques. With these advantages, many types of chiral metamaterials have been researched; twisted layered metamaterials and oligomers that consist of nanoparticles have been reported for engineered chiral properties. C4 chiral metamaterials minimize conversion of polarized states and oligomers support exotic resonant modes to enable chiral encoding. Twisted‐layered chiral metamaterials to connect optical properties between C4‐chirality and oligomers are described. These twisted‐layered chiral metamaterials have both properties of non‐conversion efficiencies from C4‐chirality and encodable circular dichroism spectra that are caused by relative positions of oligomers. They exhibit ultra‐sharp circular dichroism in the near‐infrared region. The sharp circular dichroism is induced by interactions among layers in the metamaterials. Characteristics of the interactions are analyzed by considering electric field distribution profiles. These chiroptical properties of the twisted layered chiral metamaterials may have wide applications, including spectroscopy, thermal detector, and biochemical distributors.
Synergistic Interface Energy Band Alignment Optimization and Defect Passivation toward Efficient and Simple‐Structured Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Huang Like , Zhang Danli , Bu Shixiao , Peng Ruixiang , Wei Qiang , Ge Ziyi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEfficient electron transport layer–free perovskite solar cells (ETL‐free PSCs) with cost‐effective and simplified design can greatly promote the large area flexible application of PSCs. However, the absence of ETL usually leads to the mismatched indium tin oxide (ITO)/perovskite interface energy levels, which limits charge transfer and collection, and results in severe energy loss and poor device performance. To address this, a polar nonconjugated small‐molecule modifier is introduced to lower the work function of ITO and optimize interface energy level alignment by virtue of an inherent dipole, as verified by photoemission spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements. The resultant barrier‐free ITO/perovskite contact favors efficient charge transfer and suppresses nonradiative recombination, endowing the device with enhanced open circuit voltage, short circuit current density, and fill factor, simultaneously. Accordingly, power conversion efficiency increases greatly from 12.81% to a record breaking 20.55%, comparable to state‐of‐the‐art PSCs with a sophisticated ETL. Also, the stability is enhanced with decreased hysteresis effect due to interface defect passivation and inhibited interface charge accumulation. This work facilitates the further development of highly efficient, flexible, and recyclable ETL‐free PSCs with simplified design and low cost by interface electronic structure engineering through facile electrode modification.
Pressure‐Induced Superconductivity in Topological Semimetal Candidate TaTe4
Authors: Yuan Yifang , Wang Weike , Zhou Yonghui , Chen Xuliang , Gu Chuanchuan , An Chao , Zhou Ying , Zhang Bowen , Chen Chunhua , Zhang Ranran , Yang Zhaorong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractQuasi‐1D transition metal tetrachalcogenide TaTe4 exhibits charge‐density waves (CDW), large anisotropic magnetoresistance, and nontrivial Berry phase at ambient pressure. Pressure‐induced superconductivity is reported in pristine TaTe4 via electrical transport experiments. It is shown that the superconductivity, first observed at Pc ≈ 8.0 GPa, is robust up to 50.6 GPa. No structural transition is detected up to 21.4 GPa, which indicates the tetragonal structure of TaTe4 is stable across Pc. Hall resistivity measurements reveal that both electron and hole densities increase sharply upon compression up to Pc and level off at higher pressures, suggesting that the emergent superconductivity of pressurized TaTe4 can be attributed to the enhancement of the charge carrier density. This finding may provide a new platform to investigate the interplay among superconducting, CDW, and topological orders.
Fast‐Charging and Ultrahigh‐Capacity Lithium Metal Anode Enabled by Surface Alloying
Authors: Xu Tianhui , Gao Peng , Li Peirong , Xia Kai , Han Na , Deng Jun , Li Yanguang , Lu Jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLi metal anodes are going through a great revival but they still encounter grand challenges. One often neglected issue is that most reported Li metal anodes are only cyclable under relatively low current density (<5 mA cm−2) and small areal capacity (<5 mAh cm−2), which essentially limits their high‐power applications and results in ineffective Li utilization (<1%). Herein, it is reported that surface alloyed Li metal anodes can enable reversible cycling with ultrafast rate and ultralarge areal capacity. Low‐cost Si wafers are used and are chemically etched down to 20–30 µm membranes. Simply laminating a Si membrane onto Li foil results in the formation of LixSi alloy film fused onto Li metal with mechanical robustness and high Li‐ion conductivity. Symmetric cell measurements show that the surface alloyed Li anode has excellent cycling stability, even under high current density up to 25 mA cm−2 and unprecedented areal capacity up to 100 mAh cm−2. Furthermore, the surface alloyed Li anode is paired with amorphous MoS3 cathode and achieves remarkable full‐cell performance.
A Lithium Oxythioborosilicate Solid Electrolyte Glass with Superionic Conductivity
Authors: Kaup Kavish , Bazak J. David , Vajargah Shahrzad Hosseini , Wu Xiaohan , Kulisch Joern , Goward Gillian R. , Nazar Linda F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs potential next‐generation energy storage devices, solid‐state lithium batteries require highly functional solid state electrolytes. Recent research is primarily focused on crystalline materials, while amorphous materials offer advantages by eliminating problematic grain boundaries that can limit ion transport and trigger dendritic growth at the Li anode. However, simultaneously achieving high conductivity and stability in glasses is a challenge. New quaternary superionic lithium oxythioborate glasses are reported that exhibit high ion conductivity up to 2 mS cm−1 despite relatively high oxygen: sulfur ratios of more than 1:2, that exhibit greatly reduced H2S evolution upon exposure to air compared to Li7P3S11. These monolithic glasses are prepared from vitreous melts without ball‐milling and exhibit no discernable XRD pattern. Solid‐state NMR studies elucidate the structural entities that comprise the local glass structure which dictates fast ion conduction. Stripping/plating onto lithium metal results in very low polarization at a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2 over repeated cycling. Evaluation of the optimal glass composition as an electrolyte in an all‐solid‐state battery shows it exhibits excellent cycling stability and maintains near theoretical capacity for over 130 cycles at room temperature with Coulombic efficiency close to 99.9%, opening up new avenues of exploration for these quaternary compositions.
Birth weight, birth order, and age at first solid food introduction influence child growth and body composition in 6‐ to 8‐year‐old Maya children: The importance of the first 1000 days of life
Authors: Sanchez‐Escobedo Samantha , Azcorra Hugo , Bogin Barry , Hoogesteijn Almira L. , Sámano Reyna , Varela‐Silva Maria I. , Dickinson Federico 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the relationship of birth weight, birth order, breastfeeding duration, and age of introduction of solid foods with height, fat mass, and fat‐free mass in a sample of Maya children when aged 6 to 8 years old.MethodsWe collected data on anthropometry, body composition, children's birth weight, birth order, early feeding practices, and household socioeconomic characteristics in a sample of 260 Maya children aged 6 to 8 years living in Merida and Motul, two cities in Yucatan, Mexico. Multiple regression models were performed to identify variables associated with height‐for‐age (HAZ), fat mass index (FMI), and fat‐free mass index (FFMI). The predictors included in the models were birth weight (kg), birth order, duration of breastfeeding (months), age at introduction of solid foods (months), maternal age (years), and height (cm). Models were adjusted for the influence of children's age and sex, maternal educational level, and household overcrowding.ResultsHAZ was positively associated with child birthweight and maternal height and age, but inversely associated with birth order and age of introduction of solid foods. FMI was positively associated with birth weight, maternal age, and height, and negatively associated with birth order. FFMI was positively associated with maternal age and birth weight.ConclusionsThese results are evidence of the importance of the first 1000 days of life for the growth and body composition of Maya children and contributed to understand the development of nutritional dual burden in this population.
Natural History of Adult Patients with GM2 Gangliosidosis
Authors: Masingue Marion , Dufour Louis , Lenglet Timothée , Saleille Lisa , Goizet Cyril , Ayrignac Xavier , Ory‐Magne Fabienne , Barth Magali , Lamari Foudil , Mandia Daniele , Caillaud Catherine , Nadjar Yann 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveGM2 gangliosidoses are lysosomal diseases due to biallelic mutations in the HEXA (Tay–Sachs disease [TS]) or HEXB (Sandhoff disease [SD]) genes, with subsequent low hexosaminidase(s) activity. Most patients have childhood onset, but some experience the first symptoms during adolescence/adulthood. This study aims to clarify the natural history of adult patients with GM2 gangliosidosis.MethodsWe retrospectively described 12 patients from a French cohort and 45 patients from the literature.ResultsWe observed 4 typical presentations: (1) lower motoneuron disorder responsible for proximal lower limb weakness that subsequently expanded to the upper limbs, (2) cerebellar ataxia, (3) psychosis and/or severe mood disorder (only in the TS patients), and (4) a complex phenotype mixing the above 3 manifestations. The psoas was the first and most affected muscle in the lower limbs, whereas the triceps and interosseous were predominantly involved in the upper limbs. A longitudinal study of compound motor action potentials showed a progressive decrease in all nerves, with different kinetics. Sensory potentials were sometimes abnormally low, mainly in the SD patients. The main brain magnetic resonance imaging feature was cerebellar atrophy, even in patients without cerebellar symptoms. The prognosis was mainly related to gait disorder, as we showed that beyond 20 years of disease evolution, half of the patients were wheelchair users.InterpretationImproved knowledge of GM2 gangliosidosis in adults will help clinicians achieve correct diagnoses and better inform patients on the evolution and prognosis. It may also contribute to defining proper outcome measures when testing emerging therapies. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:609–617
Independent Functional Outcomes after Prolonged Coma following Cardiac Arrest: A Mechanistic Hypothesis
Authors: Forgacs Peter B. , Devinsky Orrin , Schiff Nicholas D. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveSurvivors of prolonged (>2 weeks) post–cardiac arrest (CA) coma are expected to remain permanently disabled. We aimed to investigate 3 outlier patients who ultimately achieved independent functional outcomes after prolonged post‐CA coma to identify electroencephalographic (EEG) markers of their recovery potential. For validation purposes, we also aimed to evaluate these markers in an independent cohort of post‐CA patients.MethodsWe identified 3 patients with late recovery from coma (17–37 days) following CA who recovered to functionally independent behavioral levels. We performed spectral power analyses of available EEGs during prominent burst suppression patterns (BSP) present in all 3 patients. Using identical methods, we also assessed the relationship of intraburst spectral power and outcomes in a prospectively enrolled cohort of post‐CA patients. We performed chart reviews of common clinical, imaging, and EEG prognostic variables and clinical outcomes for all patients.ResultsAll 3 patients with late recovery from coma lacked evidence of overwhelming cortical injury but demonstrated prominent BSP on EEG. Spectral analyses revealed a prominent theta (~4–7Hz) feature dominating the bursts during BSP in these patients. In the prospective cohort, similar intraburst theta spectral features were evident in patients with favorable outcomes; patients with BSP and unfavorable outcomes showed either no features, transient burst features, or decreasing intraburst frequencies with time.InterpretationBSP with theta (~4–7Hz) peak intraburst spectral power after CA may index a recovery potential. We discuss our results in the context of optimizing metabolic substrate availability and stimulating the corticothalamic system during recovery from prolonged post‐CA coma. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:618–632
Some novel hexa‐coordinated cadmium Schiff base complexes: X‐ray structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, antimicrobial and thermal analysis
Authors: Mousavi S.A. , Montazerozohori M. , Naghiha R. , Masoudiasl A. , Mojahedi S. , Doert Th. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA series of cadmium (II) complexes with the general formula of CdLX2, where X = Cl−, Br−, I−, SCN− and N3− and L is a tetradentate N4‐donor Schiff base ligand; were synthesized by a sonochemical process as a simple, cost effective and environmentally friendly method. The organic ligand was obtained by condensation reaction of triethylenetetraamine (trien) and cinnamaldehyde. The characterization of coordination compounds was carried out by FT‐IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, UV–visible spectroscopies and then conductivity measurements. The crystal structure of the cadmium azide complex was determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. This complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group of C2/c. The cadmium ion is hexa‐coordinated by four nitrogen atoms from the tetradendate Schiff base ligand and two terminal azide nitrogen atoms. The crystal packing and Hirshfeld surface analysis of the CdL(N3)2 complex indicates the essential role of intermolecular interactions related to azido groups in the formation of supramolecular structure. The thermal behavior of complexes was studied by TG/DTG analysis. Moreover, an antibacterial bioassay of the cadmium complexes has been performed in vitro against two gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and two gram‐negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial strains. Furthermore antifungal activities of the compounds against two fungal strains of Aspergilus niger and Candida albicans were also investigated.
Internal and interfacial structure analysis of graft‐type fluorinated polymer electrolyte membranes by small‐angle X‐ray scattering in the high‐q range
Authors: Tap Tran D. , Nguyen La L. , Hasegawa Shin , Sawada Shin‐ichi , Luan Le Q. , Maekawa Yasunari 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe hierarchical structures of poly(styrenesulfonic acid)‐grafted poly(ethylene‐co‐tetrafluoroethylene) polymer electrolyte membranes (ETFE‐PEMs) with different scale ranges including lamellar spacing, interfacial thickness, and intra‐structure of conducting layers were evaluated by small‐angle X‐ray scattering in terms of background scattering (I
B(q)). First, I
B(q) was roughly estimated by modifying Ruland's method and then optimized to avoid overestimation using a “contribution factor,” which is defined as the contribution of I
B(q) to the observed scattering intensities over the entire q range. Then, I
B(q) was optimized again by using the model for the deviation from Porod's law also proposed by Ruland to select proper q‐range for interfacial thickness evaluation. The lamellar spacing, which is observed in the low‐q range, was not altered by background correction. In contrast, in the high‐q range, the interfacial thickness and the internal structures can be estimated only after correction for the background scattering data. The interfacial thickness of the final membranes (ETFE‐PEMs) is affected by both the graft‐polymerization and sulfonation processes and because the change in membrane structures is observed during propagation steps at lower ion exchange capacity (IEC) range (IECs < 2.4 mmol/g), which should affect the mechanical strength of graft‐type PEMs.
Historical Aspects of Gene Therapy and Stem Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Hearing and Balance Disorder
Authors: Van De Water Thomas R. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThis review presents many but not all the major historical events that have led to our current understanding of gene and stem cell therapies for the treatment of hearing and balance disorders in animal models of these disorders. In order to better understand the application of these emerging therapies to the treatment of inner ear disorders in a clinical setting, it has been necessary to provide some genetic and pathobiology backgrounds from both animal models and clinical disorders. The current focus and goal of gene and stem cell therapies are directed toward understanding the effective treatment of animal models that mimic human disorders of hearing and balance. This approach not only addresses the most effective ways to deliver the gene or stem cell therapies to affected inner ears, it also provides an assessment of the efficacy of the applied therapy(s) in achieving either partial or full restoration of either hearing and/or balance within the animal models receiving these therapeutic interventions. This review also attempts to present a realistic assessment of how close the research fields of gene and stem cell therapies are to application for the treatment of human disorders in a clinical setting. Progress made in developing these novel therapies toward clinical applications would not have been possible without the many pioneering studies and discoveries achieved by the investigators cited in this review. There were also many other excellent studies performed by gifted investigators that were not able to be included within this review. Anat Rec, 303:390–407, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy