bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Detection Efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Testing
Authors: Zhang Jie , Li Kecheng , Zheng Ling , Zhang Jianbo , Ren Zhilin , Song Tiange , Yu Hua , Yang Zhenglin , Wang Li , Jiang Li 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing (NAT) has been routinely used for COVID-19 diagnosis during this pandemic; however, there have been concerns about its high false negative rate. We dissected its detection efficiency with a large COVID-19 cohort study.MethodsWe analyzed SARS-CoV-2 NAT positive rates of 4,275 specimens from 532 COVID-19 patients in Sichuan Province with different disease severities, statuses, and stages, as well as different types and numbers of specimens.ResultsThe total positive rate of the 4,275 specimens was 37.5%. Among seven specimen types, BALF generated a 77.8% positive rate, followed by URT specimens (38.5%), sputum (39.8%), and feces/rectal swabs (34.1%). Specimens from critical cases generated a 43.4% positive rate, which was significantly higher than that of other severities. With specimens from patients at stable status, the SARS-CoV-2 positive rate was 40.6%, which was significantly higher than that of improved status (17.1%), but lower than that of aggravated status (61.5%). Notably, the positive rate of specimens from COVID-19 patients varied significantly from 85 to 95% during 3 days before and after symptom onset, to 20% at around 18 days after symptom onset. In addition, the detection rate increased from 72.1% after testing one throat swab, to 93.2% after testing three consecutive respiratory specimens from each patient.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 NAT detection rates vary with patient disease severity and status, specimen type, number of specimens, and especially disease progression. Sampling as close to symptom onset as possible, and consecutively collecting more than one respiratory specimen could effectively improve SARS-CoV-2 NAT detection efficiency.
Aging of Polyphenylene Sulfide-Glass Composite and Polysulfone in Highly Oxidative and Strong Alkaline Environments
Authors: Zheng X. X. , Böttger A. J. , Jansen K. M. B. , van Turnhout J. , van Kranendonk J. 
Published: December 2020

Alkaline water electrolysis becomes increasingly important for the supply of renewable energy, and of raw material for the chemical industry. An attractive choice for the encapsulation of the electrolyte cell is an (advanced) engineering polymer. The objective of this paper is to find a suitable one that can withstand for many years: 30 wt% KOH solution and pure oxygen at a high pressure of 50 bar and at an elevated temperature of 90°C. Using CES EduPack, 12 possible thermoplastic polymers were selected, of which polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and polysulfone (PSU) were further investigated using accelerated testing. The polymers have been exposed to three KOH concentrations (15, 30 and 45 wt%), two oxygen pressures (pure O2at 5 bar and air with pO2= 20%), and three temperatures (90°C, 120°C, and 170°C). Extensive characterization of the exposed samples has been carried out using various techniques, including weight, tensile, DMA, and creep-recovery measurements, as well as DSC, FTIR, XRD and SEM. After 12 weeks of aging, glass fiber reinforced PPS failed in a strong alkaline solution at high temperatures, due to the dissolution of the glass fibers. The PPS matrix itself and PSU turned out to be resistant to thermo-oxidative and chemical degradation under the conditions tested. Only marginal changes in mechanical, visco-elastic and thermal behavior were observed, which can be ascribed to physical rather than chemical aging. In view of the brittle nature of PPS, it could be concluded that PSU is the most promising candidate for the long-term application in alkaline electrolysis. Extrapolating the data using time-temperature superposition, it is predicted that PSU will retain its integrity and mechanical properties for a period of 20 years of operation.
Psychological Determinants of Investor Motivation in Social Media-Based Crowdfunding Projects: A Systematic Review
Authors: Popescul Daniela , Radu Laura Diana , Păvăloaia Vasile Daniel , Georgescu Mircea Radu 
Published: December 2020

Background: Using the power of Internet, crowdfunding platforms are currently changing the traditional landscape of fundraising. Social media-based IT platforms in particular are bringing the creators of crowdfunding projects closer than ever to potential investors. A large variety of factors function as determinants of individuals' intention to participate in crowdfunding and have an intertwined impact on funding as the ultimate project goal.Objectives: For a better understanding of investor behavior in social media-based crowdfunding projects, this paper covers identifying, analyzing, and classifying general and specific factors of investor motivation, based on the literature in the field.The main focus is the relationship between the affordances provided by social media-based crowdfunding platforms and the psychological determinants of investor motivation in innovative start-up projects.Methods: Using IEEE Explore, Clarivate Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, we conducted a systematic review of the existing research on the emerging role of crowdfunding as a disruptive technology in financing the start-up innovative projects. The paper explores the main determinants of investor motivation and aims to streamline the success factors in crowdfunding campaigns.Results: A total of 1,216 publications were identified after searching the aforementioned databases and, upon refining the results, 515 articles were considered for the final sample. After reading the titles and abstracts, the sample was reduced to 78 articles that were read in-depth and synthesized in accordance with the defined research questions. The selected articles were clustered into three main categories: general studies, determinants of investor behavior, and success factors.Conclusions: In the new global economy, crowdfunding platforms have become the nexus between the emerging creators of innovative products and services and the necessary funding sources. This connection is possible via a cumulative collection of contributions from multiple investors recruited from the audience of the selected platform, without time or space constraints. However, the determinants of the investment decision are very different in the case of social media-based crowdfunding platforms compared to determinants in the mainstream environment. This paper surveys these motivators and reveals how platform features can be used to persuade individuals to make a financial contribution toward the success of a project.
GPs’ mindlines on deprescribing antihypertensives in older patients with multimorbidity: a qualitative study in English general practice
Authors: Kuberska Karolina , Scheibl Fiona , Sinnott Carol , Sheppard James P , Lown Mark , Williams Marney , Payne Rupert A , Mant Jonathan , McManus Richard J , Burt Jenni 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundOptimal management of hypertension in older patients with multimorbidity is a cornerstone of primary care practice. Despite emphasis on personalised approaches to treatment in older patients, there is little guidance on how to achieve medication reduction when GPs are concerned that possible risks outweigh potential benefits of treatment. Mindlines — tacit, internalised guidelines developed over time from multiple sources — may be of particular importance in such situations.AimTo explore GPs’ decision-making on deprescribing antihypertensives in patients with multimorbidity aged ≥80 years, drawing on the concept of mindlines.Design and settingQualitative interview study set in English general practice.MethodThematic analysis of face-to-face interviews with a sample of 15 GPs from seven practices in the East of England, using a chart-stimulated recall approach to explore approaches to treatment for older patients with multimorbidity with hypertension.ResultsGPs are typically confident making decisions to deprescribe antihypertensive medication in older patients with multimorbidity when prompted by a trigger, such as a fall or adverse drug event. GPs are less confident to attempt deprescribing in response to generalised concerns about polypharmacy, and work hard to make sense of multiple sources (including available evidence, shared experiential knowledge, and non-clinical factors) to guide decision-making.ConclusionIn the absence of a clear evidence base on when and how to attempt medication reduction in response to concerns about polypharmacy, GPs develop ‘mindlines’ over time through practicebased experience. These tacit approaches to making complex decisions are critical to developing confidence to attempt deprescribing and may be strengthened through reflective practice.
La filosofía del lenguaje y el poema argumentativo en cuatro poemas de El otro, el mismo (1964) de Jorge Luis Borges
Authors: Medina Cabrera Shéridan 
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo analiza parte de la última etapa de la producción poética de Jorge Luis Borges, particularmente del libro El otro, el mismo (1964). Se propone que, en este poemario, Jorge Luis Borges presenta como problema fundamental la imposibilidad del lenguaje, en tanto tecnología comunicativa, para representar lo real o lo trascendente. Esta investigación se desarrolla principalmente en tres apartados. Después de la introducción, en el segundo apartado se desarrollan cuestiones previas al análisis de los poemas seleccionados. Aquí, se ubican precisiones del marco teórico, parte de la crítica en torno a la poesía de Jorge Luis Borges y, por último, una de las vertientes artísticas identificables en su obra. El tercer apartado está dedicado al análisis de los poemas “Composición escrita en un ejemplar de la Gesta de Beowulf ” y “El mar”, a partir de la Retórica General Textual de Stefano Arduini y la Retórica argumentativa de Chaïn Perelman. Luego, en el cuarto apartado, se analizarán “Un poeta del siglo XIII” y “Una rosa y Milton”, empleando el modelo metafórico de Lakoff y Johnson.
La incertidumbre de las salas cinematográficas y el crecimiento del streaming ante la pandemia de la COVID-19
Authors: Strange Reséndiz Isabel Lincoln 
Published: December 2020

Las salas cinematográficas enfrentan una crisis resultado de su cierre como consecuencia de la pandemia de la COVID-19 y de las medidas sanitarias tomadas por diversas naciones. Esta crisis se ve reflejada no solo en las pérdidas económicas sino también en la dinámica de la relación entre el espectador y el filme. En contraparte, las plataformas streaming han aumentado el número de suscriptores y, por lo tanto, sus ganancias. En el presente artículo se estudiarán las implicaciones de no asistencia a las salas y las ventajas que ofrece el streaming a los espectadores durante la pandemia. Para ello se recurrió al punto de vista de teóricos como P. Sorlin, G. Lipovetsky, C. Scolari, U. Eco.
Inauguration of the Tanzania Society of Human Genetics: Biomedical Research in Tanzania with Emphasis on Human Genetics and Genomics
Authors: Alimohamed Mohamed Zahir , Mwakilili Aneth David , Mbwanji Kenneth , Manji Zainab Karim , Kaywanga Frida , Mwaikono Kilaza Samson , Adolf Ismael , Makani Julie , Hamel Ben , Masimirembwa Collen , Ishengoma Deus Simon , Nkya Siana 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTHuman genetics research and applications are rapidly growing areas in health innovations and services. African populations are reported to be highly diverse and carry the greatest number of variants per genome. Exploring these variants is key to realize the genomic medicine initiative. However, African populations are grossly underrepresented in various genomic databases, which has alerted scientists to address this issue with urgency. In Tanzania, human genetics research and services are conducted in different institutions on both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. However, there is poor coordination of the research activities, often leading to limited application of the research findings and poor utilization of available resources. In addition, contributions from Tanzanian human genetics research and services are not fully communicated to the government, national, and international communities. To address this scientific gap, the Tanzania Society of Human Genetics (TSHG) has been formed to bring together all stakeholders of human genetics activities in Tanzania and to formally bring Tanzania as a member to the African Society of Human Genetics. This article describes the inauguration event of the TSHG, which took place in November 2019. It provides a justification for its establishment and discusses presentations from invited speakers who took part in the inauguration of the TSHG.
Wildfire against the survival of Xenarthra: anteaters, armadillos, and sloths
Authors: Silva Sofia Marques , Santos Paloma Marques , Molina Karina Theodoro , Lopes Alexandre Martins Costa , Braga Fernanda Góss , Ohana Abílio , Miranda Flávia R. , Bertassoni Alessandra 
Published: December 2020

During 2019 and 2020, Amazon and Pantanal wildfires were news all over the world, followed by shocking images of burnt landscapes and animals. Fires within rainforests and wetlands are seldom related to natural causes. Instead, these are human-driven events, often caused by illegal actions associated with deforestation and land conversion to sustain intensive agriculture and farming, among other impacts. The loss of native vegetation, not only causes habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation, but also increases the risk of natural fires creating a vicious circle. Among the animals mostly threatened by fire are the xenarthrans. Here, we bring attention to this group of mammals, which have several biological adaptations that make them particularly vulnerable to fire events. We present sloths, armadillos and anteaters as valuable componentsof biodiversity, being relicts of a vast diversity of South American endemics, and comprising many endangered, unique and poorly known species. Last, we conclude that 2019/2020 fires in the Amazon forest and Pantanal wetland, added to a multitude of other threats, are seriously menacing regional diversity components of these emblematic mammals.
MALNUTRITION-CHALLENGE IN 21ST CENTURY AND PROBABLE CONTRIBUTION OF AYURVEDA THROUGH MORINGA LEAVES
Authors: Thakur Shalini  , Guleria Ashish  , Shukla Umesh  
Published: December 2020

Nutritive diet has grabbed the center stage in current times among common men as well as researchers &food has turned into a whole damn industry. Despite of everything, Malnutrition is the largest single contributor to diseases in the world & leads to 45% of all deaths in children under 5 in developing countries. Due to interrelated mother- child nutrition, if a breastfeeding mother gets required nutrition, her kid becomes healthy. The causes of improper nutrition are variable but lack of nutritious food combinations in all classes are most important throughout the world.
Ayurveda is science of individualistic need based dietetics & nutrition and describes foods accordingly. There is recommendation of a super food named Shigru (Moringa) for Sutika (lactating mothers) in Bheshajyaratnawali,taking this as reference we have conceptualized a food combination of Moringa +wheat flour+ jaggery which is super nutritious and serves as a cheap, affordable, easy to collect and easy to make, palatable preparation.
When 11% of the world’s population is under nourished, need for such right food combination increases manifolds. Owing to per 100g nutritive value of these contents and their cost effectiveness, this combination has a potential to be a perfect staple dietary option for nutrition deficit individuals. It needs to be further established at large scale through RCTs so that large population can be benefitted.
Functional Approach to Audio Description
Authors: Mazur Iwona 
Published: December 2020

The article discusses a functional approach to audio description (AD) and first proposes a classification of text types, followed by a model of source text (ST) analysis which encompasses three layers: the contextual, the macrotextual and the microtextual. The functional model helps identify the functional priorities in a given ST, which may then guide the audio describer’s decision-making process: the results of contextual and macrotextual analyses will assist the describer in the selection of the so-called macro strategy, while the microtextual analysis may help in making lower-level decisions called micro strategies. Although the model has been designed primarily for didactic purposes, its principles may also be useful for more experienced describers. Additionally, the model constitutes a theoretical conceptualisation of AD and attempts to better integrate AD within the field of translation studies.
Penggunaan Bosoon dan Herba bagi Merawat Sakit Perut dalam Masyarakat Bajau Samaâ€™ di Daerah Tuaran, Sabah ~ The Use of Bosoon and Herbs for Treating Stomach Ache in the Bajau Samaâ€™ Community of the Tuaran District, Sabah
Authors: KIBONG SABRAN BIN , AMAT ASMIATY , ABD SAMAD LOKMAN 
Published: December 2020

Etnik Bajau Samaâ€™ yang ramai tinggal di bahagian pantai barat Sabah khususnya di daerah Tuaran memiliki kaedah perubatan tradisional yang diwarisi dari generasi ke generasi. Kajian lapangan dilakukan di tiga lokasi daerah Tuaran, iaitu Kampung Sungai Damit, Kampung Suang Perumahan, Mengkabong dan Kampung Tembilok, Mengkabong. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk meneliti tatacara perubatan tradisi etnik Bajau Samaâ€™ dengan menumpukan kepada bosoon atau mantera dan penggunaan herba dalam merawat sakit perut. Kedua, makalah bertujuan untuk meninjau sama ada amalan tradisi ini dipengaruhi oleh masyarakat Bajau di dalam kampung yang berbeza atau tidak berdasarkan jenis penyakit yang dihidapi pesakit. Konsep folk medicine atau folk belief digunakan sebagai kerangka konsep untuk melihat tatacara dan kaedah perubatan tradisi etnik ini. Amalan perubatan ini hanya dilakukan oleh golongan tua kerana sebahagian besar generasi muda tidak tahu tentang amalan tradisi ini. Oleh itu, kajian ini secara tidak langsung memaparkan kepakaran etnik Bajau Samaâ€™ dalam amalan perubatan tradisi dan membuktikan kearifan tempatan etnik peribumi Sabah serta menjadi tatapan umum masyarakat akan datang.The Bajau Samaâ€™ ethnic, who lives along the West Coast of Sabah especially in Tuaran district, inherits the traditional medicinal practice from generation to generation. Field research was conducted in three different locations in Tuaran district, which are Kampung Sungai Damit Tuaran, Kampung Suang Perumahan, Mengkabong and Kampung Tembilok,Â Mengkabong. This paper aims to examine the traditional medicine of the Bajau Samaâ€™ by focusing on the bosoon or mantra and the usage of herbs in treating stomach ache. Secondly, it observes whether the traditional practice is influenced by the Bajau community in different regions based on the patientâ€™s illness. The folk medicine or folk belief concept is used as the conceptual framework to observe the procedures and methods of the traditional medicinal practices of the ethnic. The traditional medicinal practice is only done by the older generation as the young generation is not exposed to such practice. Therefore, this research shows the expertise of the Bajau Samaâ€™ ethnic in traditional medicinal practice and proves the capability of the local wisdom of Sabahâ€™s indigenous ethnic. This paper also serves as a reference for the future generations.
Fotografia Tátil: Desenvolvimento de modelos táteis a partir de fotografias com a utilização de impressora 3d
Authors: Xenofonte Araujo Manoel Deisson , Dos Santos Deborah Macêdo 
Published: December 2020

As discussões a respeito da acessibilidade para os deficientes visuais têm cada vez mais focado em formas de inclusão nas esferas culturais. Essas questões tornam-se mais delicadas quando tem-se a percepção de que a linguagem visual ainda é a forma de comunicação predominante nas estratégias de comunicação de exposições de pinturas ou fotografias. Dessa maneira, pretende-se com o presente trabalho desenvolver modelos táteis a partir de fotografias de cunho artístico para facilitar a acessibilidade dos deficientes visuais a este campo. Para tanto utilizamos de trabalhos da fotógrafa cearense e deficiente visual Jaquelina Rolim, as quais foram reproduzidas em software de modelagem tridimensional e posteriormente impressas em impressora 3d.
Simultaneous debridement, Ilizarov reconstruction and free muscle flaps in the management of complex tibial infection
Authors: Mifsud Max , Ferguson Jamie Y. , Stubbs David A. , Ramsden Alex J. , McNally Martin A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Chronic bone infections often present with complex bone and soft tissue
loss. Management is difficult and commonly delivered in multiple stages over
many months. This study investigated the feasibility and clinical outcomes
of reconstruction in one stage. Fifty-seven consecutive patients with chronic osteomyelitis (n=27) or
infected non-union (n=30) were treated with simultaneous debridement,
Ilizarov method and free muscle flap transfer. 41 patients (71.9 %) had
systemic co-morbidities (Cierny-Mader group Bs hosts). Infection was
confirmed with strict criteria. 48 patients (84.2 %) had segmental
defects. The primary outcome was eradication of infection at final follow-up.
Secondary outcomes included bone union, flap survival and complications or
re-operation related to the reconstruction. Infection was eradicated in 55/57 cases (96.5 %) at a mean follow-up of 36 months (range 12–146). No flap failures occurred during distraction but 6
required early anastomotic revision and 3 were not salvageable (flap failure
rate 5.3 %). Bony union was achieved in 52/57 (91.2 %) with the initial surgery alone.
After treatment of the five un-united docking sites, all cases achieved bony
union at final follow-up. Simultaneous reconstruction with Ilizarov method and free tissue transfer is
safe but requires careful planning and logistic considerations. The outcomes
from this study are equivalent or better than those reported after staged
surgery.