bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Complication Index or Clavien–Dindo Classification: Which is Better for Evaluating the Severity of Postoperative Complications Following Pancreatectomy?
Authors: Kim Sung Hyun , Hwang Ho Kyoung , Lee Woo Jung , Kang Chang Moo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundComplications are important indicators of immediate postoperative outcomes. The Clavien–Dindo classification (CDC) is a widely used index for the classification of surgical complications. More recently, the comprehensive complication index (CCI) has also been introduced for classifying postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to compare the relationship of CCI and CDC with clinical or economic parameters.MethodsThe study prospectively enrolled patients from April 2015 to October 2016. Two hundred and twenty‐two patients underwent pancreatectomy during the enrolled period. Complications were ranked according to CDC and CCI indices. After analyzing the correlation between CCI and CDC, the correlations of length of stay (LOS) and cost with CCI and CDC were compared. Finally, differences between the correlation coefficients of CDC and CCI parameters were calculated.ResultsComplications occurred in 211 patients (95.0%). The correlation between CDC and CCI was r = 0.938. (p < 0.001) Compared to the CDC, CCI showed significantly stronger correlations with LOS and cost of complications (LOS: CCI vs. CDC, r = 0.725 vs. r = 0.630, p < 0.001; cost: CCI vs. CDC, r = 0.774 vs. r = 0.723, p < 0.001).ConclusionCCI is a more accurate classification index, compared to CDC, for evaluating the risk of postoperative complications.
Bi‐national Review of Phaeochromocytoma Care: Is ICU Admission Always Necessary?
Authors: Papachristos Alexander J. , Cherry Tiffany J. , Nyandoro Munyaradzi G. , Lisewski Dean , Stevenson Sarah‐Jayne , Mercer Philippa , Subramaniam Suren , Sidhu Stan B. , Sywak Mark S. , Blefari Nicholas D. A. , O'Neill Christine J. , Gundara Justin S. , Miller Julie A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPost‐operative management after phaeochromocytoma resection includes monitoring of blood pressure and blood sugar, and vigilance for haemorrhage. Guidelines recommend 24 h of continuous blood pressure monitoring, usually necessitating HDU/ICU admission. We hypothesised that most patients undergoing phaeochromocytoma resection do not require post‐operative HDU/ICU admission. We aim to describe current Australian and New Zealand perioperative management of phaeochromocytoma and determine whether it is safe to omit HDU/ICU care for most patients.MethodsWe collected retrospective data on patients undergoing excision of phaeochromocytoma in 12 centres around Australia and New Zealand between 2007 and 2019. Data collected included preoperative medical management, anaesthetic management, vasopressor support, HDU/ICU admission and complications.ResultsA total of 223 patients were included in the study, 173 (77%) of whom were admitted to HDU/ICU post‐operatively. The group of patients treated in ICU was similar to the group of patients treated on the ward in terms of demographic and tumour characteristics, and there were significant differences in the proportion of patients admitted to HDU/ICU between centres. Of patients admitted to ICU, 71 (41%) received vasopressor support. This was weaned within 24 h in 55 (77%) patients. Patients with larger tumours (> 6 cm) and a transfusion requirement are more likely to require prolonged inotropic support. Among patients admitted to the ward, there were no complications that required escalation of care.ConclusionsAlthough not widespread practice in Australia and New Zealand, it appears safe for the majority of patients undergoing minimally invasive resection of phaeochromocytoma to be admitted to the ward post‐operatively.
Dung in the dumps: what we can learn from multi-proxy studies of archaeological dung pellets
Authors: Fuks Daniel , Dunseth Zachary C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA key question in archaeobotany concerns the role of herbivore dung in contributing plant remains to archaeobotanical assemblages. This issue has been discussed for at least 40 years and has motivated several archaeobotanical studies on identifying dung-derived deposition of plant remains. Meanwhile, microarchaeological methods have developed and continue to be developed for detecting dung in archaeological sediments, and multi-proxy methodologies are being used to study the botanical components of dung-associated sediments. Combining these approaches, the authors recently led a study incorporating different botanical proxies (seeds, pollen, phytoliths) with geoarchaeological sedimentary analysis to compare dung pellets and associated sediments. This approach presents a new way to gauge the contribution of dung-derived plant remains in archaeobotanical assemblages, which is further explored in this follow-up paper. The present paper further highlights how multi-proxy archaeobotanical investigation of individual dung pellets can provide information on seasonality, grazing range and herding practices. Their short production and deposition time make herbivore dung pellets time capsules of agropastoral activity, a useful spatio-temporal unit of analysis, and even a type of archaeological context in their own right. Adding different biomolecular and chemical methods to future multi-proxy archaeobotanical investigation of herbivore dung will produce invaluable high-resolution reconstructions of dung microbiomes. Ultimately, unpacking the contents of ancient dung pellets will inform on the species, physical characteristics, diet, niche, and disease agents of the ancient pellets’ producers. Expanded datasets of such dung-derived information will contribute significantly to the study of ecosystem transformation as well as the long-term development of agriculture and pastoralism.
The transition in the etiologies of hepatocellular carcinoma-complicated liver cirrhosis in a nationwide survey of Japan
Authors:   Japan Etiology of Liver Cirrhosis Study Group in the 54th Annual Meeting of JSH, Enomoto Hirayuki , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Hiasa Yoichi , Nishikawa Hiroki , Hige Shuhei , Takikawa Yasuhiro , Taniai Makiko , Ishikawa Toru , Yasui Kohichiroh , Takaki Akinobu , Takaguchi Koichi , Ido Akio , Kurosaki Masayuki , Kanto Tatsuya , Nishiguchi Shuhei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
We recently reported the real-world changes in the etiologies of liver cirrhosis (LC) based on nationwide survey data and assessed the etiologies of LC with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods
Fifty-five participants from 68 institutions provided data on 23,637 patients with HCC-complicated LC. The changing trends in etiologies were assessed. We further analyzed the data from 29 hospitals that provided the annual number of newly identified HCC-complicated LC patients from 2008 to 2016 (N = 9362) without any missing years and assessed the transition in the real number of newly identified HCC-complicated LC cases.

Results
In the overall cohort, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (60.3%) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (12.9%) were the leading and third-most common causes of HCC-complicated LC in Japan, respectively. HCV infection was found to be the leading cause throughout Japan. The rate of viral hepatitis-related HCC decreased from 85.3 to 64.4%. Among non-viral etiologies, notable increases were observed in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related HCC (from 1.5 to 7.2%) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD)-related HCC (from 8.5 to 18.6%). Regarding the real number of newly diagnosed patients, the number of patients with viral hepatitis-related HCC decreased, while the number of patients with non-viral HCC, particularly NASH-related HCC, increased.

Conclusions
Viral hepatitis has remained the main cause of HCC in Japan. However, the decrease in viral hepatitis-related HCC, particularly HCV-related HCC highly contributed to the etiological changes. In addition, the increased incidence of non-viral HCC, particularly NASH-related HCC, was involved in the changing etiologies of HCC-complicated LC in Japan.
Improve the production of d-limonene by regulating the mevalonate pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during alcoholic beverage fermentation
Authors: Hu Zhihui , Li Hongxuan , Weng Yanru , Li Ping , Zhang Cuiying , Xiao Dongguang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
d-Limonene, a cyclized monoterpene, possesses citrus-like olfactory property and multi-physiological functions, which can be used as a bioactive compound and flavor to improve the overall quality of alcoholic beverages. In our previous study, we established an orthogonal pathway of d-limonene synthesis by introducing neryl diphosphate synthase 1 (tNDPS1) and d-limonene synthase (tLS) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To further increase d-limonene formation, the metabolic flux of the mevalonate (MVA) pathway was enhanced by overexpressing the key genes tHMGR1, ERG12, IDI1, and IDI1 WWW, respectively, or co-overexpressing. The results showed that strengthening the MVA pathway significantly improved d-limonene production, while the best strain yielded 62.31 mg/L d-limonene by co-expressing tHMGR1, ERG12, and IDI1 WWW genes in alcoholic beverages. Furthermore, we also studied the effect of enhancing the MVA pathway on the growth and fermentation of engineered yeasts during alcoholic beverage fermentation. Besides, to further resolve the problem of yeast growth inhibition, we separately investigated transporter proteins of the high-yielding d-limonene yeasts and the parental strain under the stress of different d-limonene concentration, suggesting that the transporters of Aus1p, Pdr18p, Pdr5p, Pdr3p, Pdr11p, Pdr15p, Tpo1p, and Ste6p might play a more critical role in alleviating cytotoxicity and improving the tolerance to d-limonene. Finally, we verified the functions of three transporter proteins, finding that the transporter of Aus1p failed to transport d-limonene, and the others (Pdr5p and Pdr15p) could improve the tolerance of yeast to d-limonene. This study provided a valuable platform for other monoterpenes’ biosynthesis in yeast during alcoholic beverage fermentation.
Use of the new Lake Louise Criteria improves CMR detection of atypical forms of acute myocarditis
Authors: Cundari Giulia , Galea Nicola , De Rubeis Gianluca , Frustaci Andrea , Cilia Francesco , Mancuso Giuseppe , Marchitelli Livia , Catapano Federica , Carbone Iacopo , Catalano Carlo , Francone Marco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe purpose of our study was to compare diagnostic performance of old and new Lake Louise Criteria (oLLC and nLLC) among different clinical presentations: infarct-like (IL), cardiomyopathic (CM) and arrhythmic (AR). 102 patients with clinical suspicion of acute myocarditis underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) on a 1.5 T scanner. Protocol included cine-SSFP, T2-weighted STIR, T2 mapping, early and late gadolinium enhancement and T1 mapping acquired before and after gadolinium administration. The degree of agreement has been calculated with Cohen’s K test. 42 patients also underwent endomyocardial biopsy (EMB). IL onset was present in 54/102 patients, CM in 28/102 and AR in 20/102. nLLC were positive in 58.3% of the patients, while oLLC in 37.9%, k = 0.57 (IC: 0.428–0.713). The degree of agreement between nLLC and oLLC was 0.49 (IC: 0.111–0.876) for AR onset (nLLC positive in 35% vs oLLC in 15%), 0.25 (IC: 0.035–0.459) for CM pattern (nLLC positive in 60.7% vs oLLC 17.9%) and 0.73 (IC: 0.543–0.912) for IL presentation (nLLC positive in 66.7% vs oLLC in 57.4%). Diagnostic accuracy was 75% for both nLLC and oLLC among IL onset, and 41.6% for oLLC vs 66.7% for nLLC, as regards CM clinical presentation. nLLC have improved diagnostic performance of CMR for the diagnosis of acute myocarditis, in particular for atypical clinical presentation.
The Stockholm Follow-up Study of Users Diagnosed with Psychosis (SUPP): A 10-year Follow-up 2004–2013
Authors: Bülow Per , Topor Alain , Andersson Gunnel , Denhov Anne , Stefansson Claes-Göran 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince the 1970s, psychiatric care in the western world has undergone fundamental changes known as de-institutionalisation. This has changed the living conditions for people with severe mental illness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the living conditions and utilisation of care and social services for a group of people in Sweden with diagnosis of psychosis over a 10-year period, 2004–2013. During this period, psychiatric care decreased at the same time as interventions from the social services increased. Half of the persons in the studied group did not have any institutional care, that is, neither been hospitalised nor dwelling in supported housing, during the last 5 years, and just over 20% had no contact with either psychiatry or the municipality's social services during the last 2 years of the investigated period.
Power sharing at the local level: evidence on opting-in for non-citizen voting rights
Authors: Stutzer Alois , Slotwinski Michaela 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe enfranchisement of foreigners is likely one of the most controversial frontiers of institutional change in developed democracies, which are experiencing an increasing number of non-citizen residents. We study the conditions under which citizens are willing to share power with non-citizens. To this end, we exploit the setting of the Swiss canton of Grisons, where municipalities are free to decide on the introduction of non-citizen voting rights at the local level (a so called opting-in regime). Consistent with the power dilution hypothesis, we find that enfranchisement is less likely when the share of resident foreigners is large. Moreover, municipalities with a large language/cultural minority are less likely to formally involve foreigners. In contrast, municipality mergers seem to act as an institutional catalyst, promoting democratic reforms. A supplementary panel analysis on electoral support for an opting-in regime in the canton of Zurich also backs the power dilution hypothesis, showing that a larger share of foreigners reduces support for an extension of voting rights.
Electrochemical double-layer capacitors with lithium-ion electrolyte and electrode coatings with PEDOT:PSS binder
Authors: Markoulidis Foivos , Dawe Adam , Lekakou Constantina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough typical electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) operate with aqueous or lithium-free organic electrolytes optimized for activated carbon electrodes, there is interest in EDLCs with lithium-ion electrolyte for applications of lithium ion capacitors and hybridized battery-supercapacitor devices. We present an experimental study of symmetric EDLCs with electrolyte 1 M LiPF6 in EC:EMC 50:50 v/v and electrode coatings with 5 wt% SBR or PEDOT:PSS binder at 5 or 10 wt% concentration, where for the PEDOT:PSS containing electrodes pseudocapacitance effects were investigated in the lithium-ion electrolyte. Two different electrode coating fabrication methods were explored, doctor blade coating and spraying. It was found that EDLCs with electrodes with either binder had a stability window of 0–2 V in the lithium-ion electrolyte. EDLCs with electrodes with 10 wt% PEDOT:PSS binder yielded cyclic voltammograms with pseudocapacitance features indicating surface redox pseudocapacitance in the doctor blade coated electrodes, and intercalation and redox phenomena for the sprayed electrodes. The highest energy density in discharge was exhibited by the EDLC with doctor blade-coated electrodes and 10 wt% PEDOT:PSS binder, which combined good capacitive features with surface redox pseudocapacitance. In general, EDLCs with sprayed electrodes reached higher power density than doctor blade coated electrodes.
Graphic abstract
The Effect of Micro-Segregation on the Quantification of Microstructural Parameters in Grade 91 Steel
Authors: Jabar Sharhid , Siefert John A. , Strangwood Martin , West Geoff D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The quantification of key microstructural parameters as a function of aging or creep exposure time is commonplace in the assessment of 9Cr Creep Strength Enhanced Ferritic (CSEF) power-plant steels. In these studies, the sample is either assumed chemically homogenous at the micro-scale or that a material average will be achieved by collecting enough images at random locations. In this paper, the micro-scale chemical homogeneity of two ex-service boiler components, a pipe and a forging, are quantitatively assessed using high sensitivity chemical mapping from µ-XRF. The compositional variation was as expected most pronounced in the larger elements Mo and Nb, where a > 20 pct difference in composition was present between positively and negatively segregated areas. The effect of this micro-segregation on local variations in Laves phase particle characteristics was investigated using SEM images. This showed a factor of two difference in the number of particles and the area coverage between positively and negatively Mo-segregated regions. This result was consistent with the thermodynamic equilibrium predictions of the phase content based on the observed level of segregation.
Microstructure and Texture Evolution in a Post-dynamic Recrystallized Titanium During Annealing, Monotonic and Cyclic Loading
Authors: Zhao P.-C. , Chen B. , Zheng Z.-G. , Guan B. , Zhang X.-C. , Tu S.-T. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The post-dynamic recrystallization behavior of ultrafine-grained (UFG: 0.44 μm) cp-Ti under annealing, room temperature (RT) monotonic and cyclic loading was investigated across a range of temperatures and deformation rates wherever appropriate. By characterizing the grain and boundary structures, it was confirmed that recrystallization and grain growth occurred due to annealing (≥ 600 °C) and R = − 1 fatigue at RT. There was a noticeable 30 deg aggregation in misorientation distribution, along with the increased grain size. However, the hypothetical correlation between 30 deg aggregation and Σ13a or the other characteristic coincidence site lattice boundaries was found to be weak. The fatigue-induced grain growth is particularly intriguing for two reasons. First, the large monotonic deformation with low strain rate cannot trigger grain growth. Second, fatigue sharpened the basal intensity around the ND and caused a weaker texture component close to TD (load axis along the LD, perpendicular to the TD–ND plane). By contrast, high-temperature annealing only strengthened the UFG processing induced basal pole but without affecting its location. Novel insights into this fatigue-induced texture evolution in UFG cp-Ti has been provided. The lattice rotation during fatigue can be attributed to the combined effect of activation of prismatic

$$ \langle a\rangle $$

⟨
a
⟩

slip parallel to LD, and basal

$$ \langle a\rangle $$

⟨
a
⟩

slip perpendicular to it. The theoretically calculated stress to activate dislocation slip by assuming a non-equilibrium grain boundary state lent support to the above assertion. Moreover, the TEM observation evidently showed the characteristics of dislocation cross-slip and multiple slip in the grain interior.

Graphical Abstract
Can we take the pulse of environmental governance the way we take the pulse of nature? Applying the Freshwater Health Index in Latin America
Authors: Vollmer Derek , Bezerra Maíra Ometto , Martínez Natalia Acero , Ortiz Octavio Rodríguez , Encomenderos Ivo , Marques Maria Clara , Serrano-Durán Lina , Fauconnier Isabelle , Wang Raymond Yu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractQuantitative assessments have long been used to evaluate the condition of the natural environment, providing information for standard setting, adaptive management, and monitoring. Similar approaches have been developed to measure environmental governance, however, the end result (e.g., numeric indicators) belies the subjective and normative judgments that are involved in evaluating governance. We demonstrate a framework that makes this information transparent, through an application of the Freshwater Health Index in three different river basins in Latin America. Water Governance is measured on a 0–100 scale, using data derived from perception-based surveys administered to stakeholders. Results suggest that water governance is a primary area of concern in all three places, with low overall scores (Guandu-26, Alto Mayo-38, Bogotá-43). We conclude that this approach to measuring governance at the river basin scale provides valuable information to support monitoring and decision making, and we offer suggestions on how it can be improved.
Synthesis and electrochemical properties of V2C MXene by etching in opened/closed environments
Authors: Wu Meng , He Yan , Wang Libo , Xia Qixun , Zhou Aiguo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe effect of etching environment (opened or closed) on the synthesis and electrochemical properties of V2C MXene was studied. V2C MXene samples were synthesized by selectively etching of V2AlC at 90 °C in two different environments: opened environment (OE) in oil bath pans under atmosphere pressure and closed environment (CE) in hydrothermal reaction kettles under higher pressures. In OE, only NaF (sodium fluoride) + HCl (hydrochloric acid) etching solution can be used to synthesize highly pure V2C MXene. However, in CE, both LiF (lithium fluoride) + HCl and NaF+HCl etchant can be used to prepare V2C MXene. Moreover, the V2C MXene samples made in CE had higher purity and better-layered structure than those made in OE. Although the purity of V2C obtained by LiF+HCl is lower than that of V2C obtained using NaF+HCl, it shows better electrochemical performance as anodes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Therefore, etching in CE is a better method for preparing highly pure V2C MXene, which provides a reference for expanding the synthesis methods of V2C with better electrochemical properties.
Black phosphorus quantum dots: A new-type of water-based high-efficiency lubricant additive
Authors: Tang Weiwei , Jiang Zhiqiang , Wang Baogang , Li Yufeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBlack phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs), obtained via a typical solution-based top-down method, were used as water-based lubricant additives. BPQDs exhibited remarkable friction reduction and anti-wear properties even at the ultra-low concentration of 0.005 wt%, which reduced the friction coefficient and wear volume of the base liquid by 32.3% and 56.4%, respectively. In addition, the load-supporting capacity of the base liquid increased from 120 N to over 300 N. BPQDs-based additives exhibited a relatively long lifetime at a relatively high load of 80 N. The performance of BPQDs considerably exceeded that of the BP; this may be attributed to their small and uniform particle size, good dispersion stability in water, and high reactivity at the frictional surfaces. The results of the surface wear resistance analysis demonstrated that a robust tribochemical film with a thickness of approximately 90 nm was formed on the rubbing surface lubricated with 0.005 wt% of BPQDs dispersion. Moreover, the film served as a direct evidence of the excellent tribological performance of BPQDs.