bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of phase change material integrated with aluminium waste as the thermal energy storage medium
Authors: Ghani S A A , Jamari S S , Abidin S Z 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, an investigation of a new innovation of heat storage properties of thermal conductivity enhancement via a newly formulated composite consists of paraffin wax incorporated with waste aluminum can from solid municipal waste as the potential PCM composite was studied. The samples composite was synthesized at different percentage of waste aluminum powder mass loading ranging from 0wt% until 100wt% into the paraffin wax and characterized. From differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, the rate of heat flow has been has found to be increased as more mass loading of waste aluminum was added. However, the latent heat during melting and freezing of DSC data has reduced. This is due to the high amount filler which has reduced the amount of PCM, whereby latent heat is only absorbed/released by the PCM; not the filler/additive. Besides that, the thermal stability has improved strongly when waste filler is added rather than lone paraffin PCM. The density of waste composite PCM materials has also be found to be higher and thus, has increased the heat flow between the materials and improves the energy storage process. From the addition of filler, the smooth surface of lone paraffin has improved as the surface area has becoming to be rougher and shinier, thus resulted with higher contact surface area. Therefore, the new formulated waste PCM composite of paraffin wax incorporated with aluminum waste ranging from 60wt% and above could become a promising material for TES medium.
Effect of microwaves energy on volatile compounds in Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) leaves essential oil
Authors: Tran T H , Ngo T C Q , Dao T P , Nguyen P T N , Pham T N , Le X T , Vo D M H , Minh P T H , Linh H T K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) with spicy flavor, which is considered as one of the special spices in Vietnamese dishes. In the pepper contains a high content of essential oils contained in seeds and leaves, which not only have antioxidant and antibacterial resistance but also anti-Colon toxin, antidepressant, antifungal, analgesic, antidiarrhoeal. In the present study, we optimized the yield of essential oils obtained from Pepper leaves by Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) extraction method by examining the factors that affect the extraction process such as the size of leaves, the ratio of materials with solvent, time and microwave power. The highest essential oil performance achieved 0.94 mL/g by MAHD at grind size, extraction time (40 min), the ratio of water to raw materials (4:1mL/g), and microwave power (450W). A total of 22 volatile constituents were identified from the pepper leaves oil, with the major components being 3-Carene, D-Limonene, Caryophyllene, and β-Pinene.
Effect of plate amplified velocity on nanoparticle migration in free convection flow due to uniform heat flux
Authors: Syafiqah Nor , Narahari Marneni 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The effects of the amplified velocity of the plate on nanoparticle migration and heat transfer characteristics in unsteady free convection flow have been studied with the uniform heat flux boundary condition. The governing set of partial differential equations for the non-homogeneous nanofluid model is employed. A numerically stable second-order accurate method is applied to solve the dimensionless governing equations. The numerical solutions are obtained for nanofluid velocity and temperature fields, nanoparticles displacement, skin-friction, and Nusselt number for different values of amplified velocity parameter, and shown in graphs. The results show that the amplified plate velocity decreases the nanoparticle migration slightly while it increases the average Nusselt number and skin-friction. Also, a good comparison is found between the present numerical results and available correlation results of steady-state local Nusselt number for the limiting case.
Hydrogen production from sorption-enhanced steam methane reforming chemical-looping
Authors: Noppakun Nichamon , Wongsakulphasatch Suwimol , Kokoo Rungrote , Assabumrungrat Suttichai 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Conventionally, hydrogen is produced from steam methane reforming of which methane is reformed into syngas (H2/CO) and carbon dioxide as a by-product. However, high energy requirement is a drawback of this technique. This work aims to improve hydrogen production efficiency by focusing on the development of intensified process, named sorption-enhanced steam methane reforming chemical looping. The use of mixed metal oxide, NiO/CuO, as oxygen carrier and calcium oxide as CO2 sorbent were examined with different amount usages. Process performances were studied through thermodynamic analysis via process simulation using Aspen Plus program. The results showed that the reforming temperature of 500-650°C provides a maximum hydrogen yield of 84% using NiO:CuO = 0.8:0.2.
Electrochemical Disposition of Titanium Dioxide Photocatalyst on Micropores Silicon Wafer for Water Treatment Application
Authors: Basheer Esmail. A. M. , Mahmood Wafaa K. , Abdulbari Hayder A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2), due to wide band gap, has a limited use in water treatment process because of its low activity under visible light. Such drawback is usually associated with the inadequate solar spectrum that activates its surface, i.e., most of the photoexcited electron-hole pairs tend to recombine, leading to a reduction in the photocatalytic performance. Immobilization of TiO2 on the surface of silicon is considered as a useful approach to overcome this drawback. However, the immobilization methods require high temperature and pressure, which limit the numbers and types of materials that can be utilized as a substrate. The known electrochemical deposition procedures are usually conducted through two major steps, electrochemical oxidation and hydrolysis of Ti(III) precursor to form a thin layer on the surface of the substrate, followed by thermal annealing to form crystalline phase. The present work introduces the immobilization of titanium dioxide on a microporous silicon (MPSi) wafer through direct electrochemical deposition, where titanium dioxide P25 was used in the electrolyte solution. The photocatalyst surface morphology and composition were characterized using Scan Electron Microscope (SEM), Electron Dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The photocatalytic activities of the new composites were investigated, and the experimental results indicate that the fabricated TiO2–MPSi showed higher methylene blue degradation rate than that of the conventional P25 catalyst. This is due to the unique photosensitivity and porous structure of the new photocatalytic composites. with the advantages of using this method, it is believed that more efficient photocatalyst can be produced.
Synthesis and characterization of thermo-responsive ionic liquids (TRILs)
Authors: Abdullah M. A. M. , Man M. S. , Abdullah S. B. , Saufi Syed Mohd 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Normally, an ionic liquids (ILs) is classified as hydrophilic or hydrophobic depending on its composition, whether it is miscible or immiscible with water. Nevertheless, this classification is ambiguous, since the miscibility of some ILs with water is strongly depending on temperature change. There are two classifications of thermo-responsive ionic liquids (TRILs) which are lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior types. The aim of this study is to synthesis and characterize tetrafloroborate-based (BF4
−) anion with different alkyl chain of imidazolium- based cations ([Emim], [Bmim], [Hmim], [Omim]) and trifloroacetate (CFOO−) anion with different cations (ammonium, anilinium, pyridinium and phosphonium). The prepared ILs were mixed with water (30:70 wt %) and the resulting solutions were stirred vigorously for certain period of time. These solutions were cooled to 00C and then gradually heated to 70 0C. When the solution was found to be phase-separated upon heating, this mixture undergoes the LCST- type phase transition but its contrary with UCST behavioral. The TRILs were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) to identify the functional group and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) in confirming the structure. Due to the special property of TRILs that became phase separation by changing the temperature, it can be recovered easily and reused for many recycles in wide range of application.
Incorporation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) in sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) matrix for membrane mechanical stiffness
Authors: Daud S S , Norddin M A , Jaafar J , Sudirman R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Development of promising polymer based material for the membrane of the fuel cell was crucial to improve its performance and lifetime. The sulfonated polymer physicochemical properties depend on the degree of sulfonation (DS). High DS of sPEEK exhibits high performance, but poor in mechanical properties due to high water absorption. So, this present study aimed to investigate the effect of incorporating polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) at different content toward improvement of high DS sPEEK mechanical properties and ion conduction. The blending approach was used to mix the sPEEK with PVDF (content: 5 wt%; 10 wt%; 15 wt% and 20 wt%). The blended sPEEK/PVDF membrane were prepared by casting and drying the solution using the phase inversion technique. The result showed that the incorporation of PVDF in sPEEK matrix had improved the mechanical properties by reducing water uptake, swelling degree, and dimensional change. Other than that, the tensile strength of blended membranes also higher than neat sPEEK. The proton conductivity of sPEEK/PVDF 15 (7.23 mS/cm) was quite higher and comparable with neat sPEEK (10.31 mS/cm) and Nafion membrane (12 mS/cm). In summary, the incorporation of PVDF in high DS of sPEEK had improved the mechanical properties with promising ionic conduction.
Development of mixed matrix membrane comprising titanium (IV) oxide dispersed with octaisobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane
Authors: Tan G Y E , Oh P C , Lau K K , Low S C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In designing mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) to improve gas separation performance, inorganic fillers such as titanium (IV) oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are commonly added due to their excellent intrinsic properties and high affinity towards CO2. However, the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles causes the formation of agglomerates which deteriorate the gas separation properties of the membrane due to their high surface energy and Van der Waals forces. In this study, MMMs comprising octaisobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OPOSS) incorporated with TiO2 nanoparticles were successfully developed using phase inversion technique. MMMs were synthesized at different loadings of TiO2 and OPOSS. The effectiveness of OPOSS as a dispersant was determined by using SEM, EDS and single gas permeation analysis. The optimum amount of TiO2-OPOSS in the THF/DMAc casting solution was at 4wt% TiO2 and 2wt% of OPOSS, as the agglomeration of nanoparticles did not occur based on the morphology and gas separation performance. The membrane with the highest performance was achieved by 4/2-T/OPOSS, which is at 1.8 of CO2/CH4 gas selectivity. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the OPOSS did play an important role in enhancing the dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles in the polymer matrix as the TiO2 agglomerates were not seen upon addition of OPOSS.
Swelling kinetic behavior of biochar-graft superabsorbent polymer composites
Authors: Noordin N , Jamari S , Ghazali S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are crosslinked three dimensional structures that poses high swelling capacity in aqueous medium. Its application in agriculture beneficial as it is able to retain moisture in soil. SAPs incorporated with bio-char have been prepared via solution polymerization of polyacrylic acid with co-monomer of polyacrylamide in the presence of bio-char using methylenebisacryalmide (MBA) as a crosslinking agent and ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator. In this research, the swelling kinetic behavior of SAP with biochar was studied on the effect of biochar percentage loading from 0-0.8wt. SEM imaging of sap icorporated biochar shows a porous structure which influences water absorbency. The maximum of water absorbency capacity reached an optimum value of 129.89 g/g at 0.4 % before decreasing with increasing bio-char loading. Mathematical model of kinetic diffusivity also revealed that the SAP-biochar incorporated follows a second order kinetic. The presence of bio-char could enhance physical properties by increasing the water-holding capacity, enhancing its water absorbency ability. Application of SAP incorporated biochar not only able to retain water, it could also help to fertilize agriculture.
The shear strength of soft clay reinforced with single and group crushed brick column
Authors: Hasan M , Wei O C , Ler L Y , Pahrol F-H , Hyodo M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Soft Clay is often known to be a problematic soils in construction because of its low strength and high compressibility characteristic. Before construction begins, ground improvement needs to be done to improve the soil bearing capacity so that the superstructure can be placed on top of it and reduce settlement and consolidation. In this study, the soft clay is going to be reinforced with crushed brick column which is part of construction waste produced during construction stage to achieve sustainable construction. This study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of single and group crushed brick column in improving the shear strength by using laboratory scale model. Kaolin is being used as soil sample while crushed brick as the reinforced column. Few laboratory tests are conducted to determine the properties of kaolin clay and crushed brick. Unconfined Compression Test (UCT) also used to test the shear strength of the reinforced kaolin samples The improvement of shear strength of single crushed brick column with area replacement ratio of 4.00% (10mm column diameter) are 3.34%, 4.60% and 1.07% at sample penetration ratio, Hc/Hs of 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 respectively while for area replacement of 10.24% (16 mm column diameter) are 7.56%, %, 16.37% and 4.97% at the same penetration ratio.. The result shows that the improvement shear strength for height penetration ratio of 1.0 is 13.33% which was the highest, while 0.6 and 0.8 are 12.31% and 9.79% respectively for group crushed brick columns with diameter 10mm. The improvement of shear strength is highest for height penetration ratio of 1.0 with 16.10% improvement which was slightly higher than 0.6 and 0.8 which were 13.49% and 11.35% respectively in sample reinforced with grouped columns with diameter 16mm. It can be concluded that the shear strength of soft clay could be improved by installation of single and group crushed brick column.
Effects of storage conditions on total anthocyanin content of
Butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.)
Authors: Pham T N , Le X T , Nguyen P T N , Tran T H , Dao T P , Nguyen D H , Danh V T , Anh H L T 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The aim of this research is to evaluate the stability of anthocyanins in extracts
obtained from the flower of butterfly pea flower (Clitoria
ternatea L.). Different combinations of solvents were created by
mixing ethanol 50%, distilled water and different amounts of acids (ethanol 50
%, ethanol 50 % with 1.5N HCL, ethanol 50 % with 1.5N CH3COOH,
distilled water, distilled water with 1.5N HCL, distilled water with 1.5N
CH3COOH). To evaluate the stability of extracted pigment, it was kept for 3
months in oven at 45°C, ambient 25°C and refrigerated conditions
at 10 °C. The temperature exerted dramatic effects on the total
anthocyanins properties of the butterfly pea flower when stored in these
conditions. The retained anthocyanin content of all treated samples was all
higher than 60%, with distilled water 50% of 1.5N HCl (61.93%) and distilled
water with 1.5 N CH3COOH (65.59%).
Assessment on antioxidant activity and physical characteristics of spray dried Mahkota Dewa fruit extracts
Authors: Kathiman M N , Abdul Mudalip S K , Gimbun J , Che Man R , Arshad Z I M , Sulaiman S Z , Md Shaarani S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the encapsulation of Phaleria Macrocarpa Scheff. Boerl or Mahkota Dewa extracts with maltodextrin using spray drying. The extracts of dried Mahkota Dewa fruit was obtained using subcritical water extraction process. The inlet dry air temperatures of the spray drying process was investigated at 100 °C, 125 °C, 150 °C, 175 °C and 200 °C. The spray dried powder was characterised for antioxidant activity, moisture content analysis and particle size distribution analysis. Results showed that the increased of inlet air dry temperature decreased the value of antioxidant activity, moisture content and mean diameter of the particles. The inlet air dry temperature of 200°C produced 92.19±0.18% antioxidant activity, 6.82% moisture content and 8.38 μm mean diameter particle size. Thus, can be suggested as the best inlet air temperature to encapsulate Mahkota Dewa extracts with maltodextrin using spray drying technique.
Assessment of preliminary phytochemical screening, polyphenol content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of custard apple leaves (Annona squamosa Linn.)
Authors: Nguyen M T , Nguyen V T , Le V M , Trieu L H , Lam T D , Bui L M , Nhan L T H , Danh V T 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Annona squamosa Linn. (custard apple) has been used extensively in India traditional medicine for treatment of dysentery, cardiac problems, fainting, worm infections, constipation, hemorrhage, dysuria, fever. This study assessed the phytochemicals present in the leaves of A. squamosa. The phytochemical was extracted separately with distilled water and 96% ethanol. A wide variety of pharmacologically active compounds such as alkaloids, coumarins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrates, phenols, and saponins were found to present in the leaves of A. squamosa. However, terpenoids and phlobatannins were absent in this plant. This study also assessed the contents of phenolics and flavonoids for their in vitro antioxidant activity. The total polyphenol content of ethanol extract of A. squamosa measured by Folin-Ciocalteau reagent in terms of gallic acid equivalent achieved 242.88±6.13 mg GAE/g. The flavonoid content of the plant sample as quercetin equivalent achieved 82,61±0.82 mg QE/g. The antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of A. squamosa was correlated with total phenolic and flavonoid content with values IC50 of 132.96±1.33 μg/ml, 64.74±0.52 μg/ml for DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity, respectively.
A significant review on beam optimization for boron neutron capture therapy
Authors: Shalbi S , Sazali N , Wan Salleh W N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The thermal column at the TRIGA PUSPATI (RTP) research reactor can produce thermal neutron. However, the optimization on the thermal neutron flux produced should be performed to gain a sufficient thermal neutron for boron neutron capture therapy purpose. Thus, the objective of this review is to optimize the thermal neutron flux by designing the collimator with different materials at the thermal column. In order to fulfil the requirement, set by the IAEA standard, the study of BNCT around the world was being reviewed to study the suitable measurement, material, design, and modification for BNCT at the thermal column of TRIGA MARK-II, Malaysia. Initially, the BNCT mechanisms and history was review. Then, this paper review on the design and modifications for BNCT purpose around the world. Based on this review, suitable material and design can be used for the BNCT in Malaysia. Moreover, this paper also reviews the current status of BNCT at the RTP with the measurement of the thermal neutron flux was conducted along the thermal column at 250 kW. The thermal column of RTP was divided into 3 phases (Phase 1, Phase 2 and Phase 3) so that an accurate measurement can be obtained by using gold foil activation method. This value was used as a benchmark for the neutron flux produced from the thermal column. The collimator was designed using different types of materials, and their characteristic towards gamma and neutron flux was investigated. The reviewed demonstrated that the final thermal neutron flux produced was significantly for BNCT purpose. Lastly, this paper recommends the future research can be conducted on BNCT at RTP.
Removal of Waste Volatile Solvents Using Hot Bubbles
Authors: Srisurat T , Kokoo R , Swadchaipong N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Water pollution is a serious problem affecting the quality of life and environment. Wastewater treatment is necessary for solving this problem. A bubble column or bubble gas reactor is one of the most widely used in the chemical industries. Volatile organic compounds can be absorbed via gas bubbles in the column. Furthermore, the advantage of the bubble column is highly mass transfer and heat transfer rates. The performance of bubble column depends on bubble size, flow regime, gas hold-up and operating conditions i.e., pressure and temperature. This research focused on hot air bubbles to remove volatile solvents in the solution. CFD simulation was used to study the temperature distribution of gas bubbles within the bubble column. The experiments were carried out to reduce the volatile solvents in contaminated solution using hot air bubbles. The simulation results can be used to predict the performance of the bubble column and the optimal operating conditions for laboratory or industrial scale.
Remediation on underground water pollution using Fenton Oxidation Method
Authors: Chok Jing Chern , Hamzah Zahidi bin , Ma Jun , Ho Yeek-Chia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Fenton oxidation, one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOP), has high efficiency in the eradication of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), including those persistent organic compounds, with minimal time. Fenton oxidation is employed for further study in the remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater sample collected from site. In this study, the efficiency of Fenton Oxidation is investigated toward the degradation of hydrocarbon in groundwater samples. The percentage removal of hydrocarbon, in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in different operating condition for Fenton oxidation of contaminated groundwater was determined. The treatment parameters were selected by carrying out Factorial Design in which pH 3 to 6, concentration of hydrogen peroxide 0.01 mg/L to 0.1 mg/L, concentration of ferrous ions 0.01 mg/L to 0.5 mg/L, and Reaction Time 30 minutes to 120 minutes were proven to be significant model terms.