bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
« Stratégies et idéologies défensives : la question des défenses de Travail, usure mentale à Souffrance en France »
Authors: Rolo Duarte 
Published: October 2019

Dans cet article, je reprends la façon dont les stratégies collectives de défense contre la souffrance au travail sont présentées dans Travail, usure mentale , puis dans Souffrance en France. Je m’appuie sur ces descriptions princeps pour tracer la ligne de démarcation entre stratégies collectives de défense et idéologies collectives de défense. Et je me sers de cette distinction pour mettre en avant la spécificité des idéologies défensives, ce qui me permet d’argumenter la thèse centrale de ce texte : je propose de mettre en rapport idéologies défensives et souffrance éthique. Bien que la découverte des idéologies défensives soit antérieure à celle de la souffrance éthique, il me semble que la notion de souffrance éthique permet d’éclairer la question des idéologies défensives d’un nouveau jour.
France Télecom Orange – Déposition. Le 10 mai 2019
Authors: Dejours Christophe 
Published: October 2019

Ce texte reprend la déposition faite le 10 mai 2019 par Christophe Dejours comme témoin cité par les parties civiles au procès de France Télécom Orange. Y est proposée une perspective synthétique sur le suicide au travail qui insiste particulièrement sur trois points : l’analyse étiologique des suicides sur les lieux du travail ; les formes cliniques du suicide au travail ; les relations entre analyse étiologique et imputabilité de responsabilité.
Black Americana. Supremacia racial e supremacia de classe em fotografias da virada do século XIX ao XX
Authors: Negro Antonio Luigi 
Published: October 2019

Este artigo analisa o papel desempenhado pela produção e circulação de imagens fotográficas em cartões postais durante o processo de reconciliação nacional entre as supremacias de raça e classe, na sociedade estadunidense do pós-abolição, a partir da década de 1880. Somado ao trabalho por dívida, o aluguel de detentos do sistema prisional aponta para a recomposição da prática de obrigar proletários negros ao trabalho, fenômeno que teve lugar especialmente onde a escravidão mais resistiu ao abolicionismo, isto é, não apenas no Sul, mas sobretudo na lavoura (ou em atividades a ela ligadas, a exemplo das ferrovias). Nesse sentido, para os trabalhadores, as lutas entre capital e trabalho podiam ter no direito de ir e vir um elemento essencial de sua experiência de classe.
Hoe dik is het ik?
Authors: Meijsing Monica 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

How fat is the I? Neuroscience and the elusive self

This article explores the concept of self in relation to neuroscience. Four options are discussed on the basis of a key representative. The first is the dualist position where the non-material self controls its brain, as defended by Eccles. Next comes the option of the self as a relatively or completely powerless entity within the brain, as exemplified by Libet’s experiments on free will. The third option is the identity of self and brain, as argued by Dennett. The last option is the identity of self and body, and here Gallagher is the representative. It is shown that no monist position is completely consistently defended. In the conclusion, four factors are identified that hinder a simple and consistent monist conceptualisation of the self in the context of neuroscience.
Neurowetenschappen en de Illusie van Vrije Wil
Authors: Asma Lieke 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNeuroscience and the Illusion of Free WillCurrently, few neuroscientists and philosophers still defend the claim that neuroscience has shown the brain ‘decides’ what we do and that free will is an illusion. This does not imply, however, that this kind of neuroscientific researchcould notsay anything about the existence of free will. Neuroscience can offer insights in the unconscious causes and underlying processes of our actions and, because of this, could perhaps show whether we act out of free will or not. In this paper I will argue that in this regard the possibilities of neuroscientific research are limited. I understand free will, in line with Dana Nelkin and Susan Wolf, as the ability to do the right thing for the right reasons. I will show that whether someone acts intentionally, what it is that she is doing, and for which reasons she acts cannot be determined by studying unconscious causes or other unconscious processes related to the action. The action and reason necessarily depend on the perspective of the acting agent. Furthermore, neuroscientific research cannot show us whether the reasons and the actions areright. It could perhaps offer a unique contribution when it comes to the question of whether we areableto the right thing for the right reasons. To what extent it can remains an open question.
‘Neurorecht’ in Nederland
Authors: Schleim Stephan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract‘Neurolaw’ in the Netherlands: The justification of the new adolescent penal law from a neurophilosophical perspectiveThe possible and actual normative influence of neuroscientific research has been discussed in numerous publications. One particular part of that debate covered a number of US Supreme Court decisions since the early 2000s on the constitutionality of death or lifetime sentences for minor offenders. The present paper connects these topics to the new Dutch adolescent penal law which allows to treat adult offenders until the age of 22 years under certain conditions according to the rules for minors. The justification of this law referred to adolescents’ and young adults’ brain development in a unique manner. This paper does not only describe the essential steps of the lawmaking process and the legal justification of the new adolescent penal law, but also analyzes in depth in how far the used neuroscientific findings are able to support the normative conclusions.
Het web-model
Authors: Janssen Annelli 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The web-model: A new model of explanation for neuroimaging studies

What can neuroimaging tell us about the relation between our brain and our mind? A lot, or so I argue. But neuroscientists should update their model of explanation. Currently, many explanations are (implicitly) based on what I call the ‘mapping model’: a model of explanation which centers on mapping relations between cognition and the brain. I argue that these mappings give us very little information, and that instead, we should focus on finding causal relations. If we take a difference-making approach to causation, we can find manipulation patterns between neural and cognitive phenomena and start constructing satisfying explanations in neuroimaging studies: explanations based on what I call the web-model of explanation. This model of explanation not only contrasts with the mapping model, but is also different from Craver’s constitutive mechanistic model of explanation (2007), which takes the constitutive relation to be the main explanatory relation. Taking the difference-making idea of the importance of manipulation and control seriously, means that sometimes, causal relations are preferred over constitutive relations. If we follow the web-model of explanation, we can do justice to the central role that causation should play in neuroscientific explanations.
Appels, peren en fruit
Authors: van Stee Annemarie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Conceptual review as task analysis method

Meta-analysis is a crucial research tool in cognitive neuroscience. For meta-analysis to succeed, it is important that studies that are grouped together investigate the same cognitive process and that studies that investigate different cognitive processes are grouped apart. After all, comparing apples and oranges makes no sense. Studies’ comparability depends on the cognitive tasks employed. Yet current meta-analyses, especially when automated (e.g. Neurosynth, BrainMap), select and group studies based on cognitive labels (e.g. ‘working memory’, ‘self-reflection’). Unfortunately, labels are often applied inconsistently to tasks: different tasks may receive the same cognitive label, leading to a comparison of apples and oranges during meta-analysis; and the same task may receive different labels, leading to meta-analyses that fail to include all apples, so to speak. I propose conceptual review as a method for overcoming this problem. A conceptual review analyzes the conceptual implications of task choices made in a cognitive neuroscience subfield. It applies philosophical ways of uncovering and analyzing implicit assumptions to the methodological choices neuroscientists make. I explicate how this works and discuss several ways in which conceptual review would benefit cognitive neuroscience. Conceptual review could be combined with neuro-informatics to improve the quality of automated versions of meta-analysis and thereby provide an important contribution to progress in cognitive neuroscience.
Arhitektes Dainas Dannebergas devums arhitektūrā 20. gadsimta otrajā pusē
Authors: Gudro Ilze , Krastiņš Jānis 
Published: October 2019

Rakstā atspoguļots ievērojamās latviešu arhitektes Dainas Dannebergas devums Latvijas arhitektūrā, kā arī dzīves nozīmīgie notikumi un izaugsme. Dzīvojot un strādājot padomju varas gados, arhitekte projektējusi gan dzīvojamās, gan sabiedriskās ēkas, kas joprojām tiek izmantotas un kuru kultūrvēsturiskās nozīmes līmenis laika gaitā ir noteikti audzis. Atpazīstamākais arhitektes projektētais objekts ir Rīgas Politehniskā institūta (RPI), tagad Rīgas Tehniskās universitātes (RTU), studentu pilsētiņa Ķīpsalā. Pie tās projektēšanas D. Danneberga strādāja no 1969. līdz 1986. gadam. Arhitekte izstrādājusi arī vairāku citu mācību iestāžu, kā arī sabiedrisko un dzīvojamo ēku projektus, kas realizēti gan Latvijā, gan ārpus tās.The article reflects the contribution of the renowned Latvian architect Daina Danneberga to Latvian architecture, as well as the significant events and growth of her life. While living and working in Soviet times, the architect has designed both residential and public buildings, which are still in use and whose cultural and historical significance has surely increased over time. The most recognizable object designed by the architect is the Student Campus of Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI), now Riga Technical University (RTU), on the Ķīpsala Island. It was designed by D. Danneberga from 1969 to 1986. The architect has also developed projects for several other educational institutions as well as public and residential buildings, both in Latvia and abroad.
Utfordringer ved bruk og deling av visuelle uttrykk i en digital tidsalder
Authors: Bergman Silje 
Published: October 2019

De siste tiårenes teknologiske utvikling av bilderedigering og bildedeling har forandret hvordan bilder brukes som medium i kunst, kultur og kommunikasjon. Dette fører med seg andre problemstillinger knyttet til bruk og bearbeidelse av bilder enn det som var vanlig før. Artikkelen tar utgangspunkt i utfordringer lærere står overfor når de skal undervise morgendagens konsumenter og produsenter av visuelt materiale, og spør hva lærere må være klar over og ta hensyn til i sin undervisning, slik at elevene tilegner seg de verktøyene de trenger for å være informerte, kritiske og ansvarlige i sine handlinger. Artikkelen har som mål å presentere og åpne opp noe av kompleksiteten i Åndsverkloven, og brette ut ulike temaer som har betydning i en visuell og digital tid, både i en skolekontekst og i samfunnet generelt. Teksten er fagdidaktisk, og ser problemstillingene med et utgangspunkt fra fagområdet design, kunst og håndverk.
Omslagsbilde: MarilynMaria by Jugacaro, 2014
Investigation on Effect of Stress on Dissolution Stability of Drug Product by Applying Thermal and NonThermal Methods of Analysis
Authors: Gupta Krishna R. , Chaudhari Rahul P. , Pounikar Anita R. , Ganorkar Anvesha V. 
Published: October 2019

Aim: The aim of the research work has to development and validation of dissolution test method for Tapentadol using HPLC method, investigate the effects of stress on dissolution stability by thermal and non-thermal methods. The present research work mainly focused on the evaluation and compares the influence of accelerated-aging conditions on the drug content and in vitro dissolution stability.
Place and duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur (MS).
Methodology and Results: Saturated solubility study of tapentadol were carried out using different dissolution media and different conditions such as type of dissolution medium, volume of dissolution medium and rotation speed of paddle were evaluated. Basis of it, dissolution testing were carried out on a suitably calibrated USP Apparatus II (TDT-06L) at 50 ± 1 rpm, under sink conditions in 900 mL of deaerated distilled water at 37±0.5ºC for each test and selected most optimized dissolution parameter which given maximum % release of drug. The drug release was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Also proposed method were validated as per ICH guidelines with respect to system suitability, linearity, precision, accuracy, range, robustness, ruggedness and solution stability parameters were evaluated and the obtained results were within the acceptable range. The stress on dissolution stability of standard powdered drug, tablet formulation and packed strip formulation were investigated by using thermal and non thermal methods. The results obtained in all stress conditions such as thermal, humidity, UV light and visible light were evaluated for drug content and drug release. The results were statistically evaluated by applying two-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Bonferroni test and their results represented as a graphical plot.
Conclusion: In our investigation of stress dissolution of drug it was found that Tapentadol HCl std. drug was susceptible to degradation. The tablet and packaged formulation were susceptible to photolytic degradation indicated by difference in drug content while the release was more affected under UV exposed to tablet and strip packaged formulation as compared to other stress conditions.
Comparing Organic Matter Content under Four Different Land Uses in Uloanondugba, Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Onyegbule O. U. , Azu Donatus E. O. , Ike S. A. , Akagha U. 
Published: October 2019

The variability of organic matter across four contrasting land uses namely oil palm plantation OPPL, sand mining site SM, tenuously cultivated land CCL and primary Forest (PFL) were evaluated in Imo State. Results obtained showed that the percentage of sand decreased down the depths in all the land uses: PFL, CCL, OPPL, SM which were 76.6, 76.1, 77.7 and 70% respectively. The soils ranged from sandy loam to sandy clay loam in texture. The SM had the highest mean bulk density of 1.76 g/cm3 against the lowest mean value of 1.52 g/cm3 in the PFL. Similarly the PFL had the highest mean percentage organic matter of 2.12% as well as the lowest coefficient of variation 7.8% compared to the high coefficient of variations observed in the other land uses. The sand mining had 68% coefficient of variation while the CCL, OPPL had coefficient variations of 58% and 52% respectively indicating high variations .There was little or no variations in the percentage total nitrogen as well as available phosphorus in the PFL compared to the high variation in the other land uses. Land uses that depleted the essential nutrients in the soil should be avoided. Mulching and conservation tillage that tends to restore the soils nutrient ability should be adopted and sustained.
Study of Clinical Characteristics and Clinical Complications of Norovirus gastroenteritis in Admitted Children to the Hospital
Authors: Nateghian Alireza , Moshfegh Fereshteh , Shoja Zabihollah 
Published: October 2019

Aim: The current study aimed to detect Norovirus infections based on the use of sensitive and specific Multiplex PCR and to evaluate their clinical symptoms among children.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among patients with acute gastroenteritis (99 subjects) admitted to Ali Asghar Hospital, Tehran, Iran, between 2014 and 2015. Fecal specimens were examined for Norovirus using Multiplex PCR. Clinical characteristics and severity of diarrhea were provided as a comparison of two groups (norovirus-positive and -negative children) using Chi-squared and independent Samples t-test.
Results: The prevalence of Norovirus infection was determined as 18%, among all samples genotyped, all genogroup was determined as GII and the GI was not identified in any of the samples. The age of non-Norovirus patients (16 months) was found to be significantly higher than that of Norovirus-positive patients (9 months) (P = 0.001). Based on the data presented herein, patients with Norovirus infection were diagnosed with fever in more than 50% of them followed by diarrhea (90%), vomiting (over 80%), and abnormalities (over 80%). however, no clear difference was found as comparison of both groups. The serum potassium level in non-Norovirus patients was found to be increased as compared to Norovirus positive patients (0.011) and the presence of hypoxia (Po2) in patients with Norovirus infection suffering from diarrhea was markedly higher when comparing with non-Norovirus types (P = 0.014). Moreover, MCV levels in Norovirus positive patients were significantly lower as compared to subjects with non-Norovirus diarrhea (p = 0.045).
Conclusions: Our data suggested that this genotyping of Norovirus, due to their higher rate of attack, is likely to cause a severe viral outbreak. The most important result of this study is the change in the level of potassium in patients with heart problems.
Improving the viability of tissue‐resident stem cells using an organ‐preservation solution
Authors: Suzuki Takaya , Ota Chiharu , Fujino Naoya , Tando Yukiko , Suzuki Satoshi , Yamada Mitsuhiro , Kondo Takashi , Okada Yoshinori , Kubo Hiroshi 
Published: October 2019

Human clinical specimens are a valuable source of tissue‐resident stem cells, but such cells need to be collected immediately after tissue collection. To extend the timescale for collection from fresh human samples, we developed a new extracellular fluid (ECF)‐type preservation solution based on a high‐sodium and low‐potassium solution containing low‐molecular‐weight dextran and glucose, which is used for preservation of organs for transplantation. In this study, we compared the preservation of tissue‐resident stem cells using our ECF solution with that using three other solutions: PBS, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium and Euro‐Collins solution. These solutions represent a common buffer, a common culture medium and a benchmark organ‐preservation solution, respectively. Lung tissues were removed from mice and preserved for 72 h under low‐temperature conditions. Of the solutions tested, only preservation in the ECF‐type solution could maintain the proliferation and differentiation capacity of mouse lung tissue‐resident stem cells. In addition, the ECF solution could preserve the viability and proliferation of human alveolar epithelial progenitor cells when stored for more than 7 days at 4 °C. The mean viability of human alveolar type II cells at 2, 5, 8 and 14 days of low‐temperature preservation was 90.9%, 84.8%, 85.7% and 66.3%, respectively, with no significant differences up to 8 days. Overall, our findings show that use of our ECF‐type preservation solution may maintain the viability and function of tissue‐resident stem cells. Use of this preservation solution may facilitate the investigation of currently unobtainable human tissue specimens for human stem cell biology.
Disorder‐to‐order transition in PE–PPE proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis augments the pro‐pathogen immune response
Authors: Ahmad Javeed , Khubaib Mohd , Sheikh Javaid Ahmad , Pancsa Rita , Kumar Saroj , Srinivasan Alagiri , Babu Mohan Madan , Hasnain Seyed E. , Ehtesham Nasreen Z. 
Published: October 2019

A growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that intrinsically disordered proteins often mediate host–pathogen interactions and modulate host functions for pathogen survival and virulence. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) has evolved largely through reductive evolution, with a few exceptions such as the glycine–alanine‐rich PE–PPE/PGRS protein family, which has been expanding in pathogenic mycobacteria. Here, our analyses of the M.tb proteome and secretome revealed that the PE–PGRS subfamily is enriched for disordered regions and disordered binding sites, pointing to their importance in host–pathogen interactions. As a case study, the secondary structure of PE35–PPE68 and PE32–PPE65 of the pathogenesis‐related RD1 and RD8 regions was analyzed through Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. These disordered proteins displayed a considerable structural shift from disordered to ordered while engaged in the formation of complexes. While these proteins are immunogenic individually and enhance the pro‐pathogen response, their corresponding complexes enhanced the responses manifold as displayed here by PE35 and PPE68. It is likely that M.tb exploits such disorder–order structural dynamics as a strategy to mount a pro‐pathogen response and subvert host defense for productive infection. This functional gain also serves as a means to compensate genomic content loss due to reductive evolution.
Efficient Ni2Co4P3 Nanowires Catalysts Enhance Ultrahigh‐Loading Lithium–Sulfur Conversion in a Microreactor‐Like Battery
Authors: Shen Zihan , Cao Mengqiu , Zhang Zili , Pu Jun , Zhong Chenglin , Li Jiachen , Ma Haixia , Li Fujun , Zhu Jia , Pan Feng , Zhang Huigang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHigh‐loading lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries suffer from poor electrochemical properties. Electrocatalysts can accelerate polysulfides conversion and suppress their migration to improve battery cyclability. However, catalysts for Li–S batteries usually lack a rational design. A d‐band tuning strategy is reported by alloying cobalt to metal sites of Ni2P to enhance the interaction between polysulfides and catalysts. A molecular or atomic level analysis reveals that Ni2Co4P3 is able to weaken the SS bonds and lower the activation energy of polysulfides conversion, which is confirmed with temperature‐dependent experiments. Ni2Co4P3 nanowires are further fabricated on a porous nickel scaffold to unfold the catalytic activity by its large surface area. Using a simple ion‐selective filtration shell, a microreactor‐like S cathode (MLSC) is constructed to realize ultrahigh S loading (25 mg cm−2). As such, a microreactor design integrates reaction and separation in one cell and can effectively address the polysulfide issues, the MLSC cell demonstrates excellent properties of cyclability and high capacity (1223 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C). More importantly, the catalyst's designs and microreactor strategies provide new approaches for addressing the complicated issues of Li–S batteries.
Host–Guest Recognition on 2D Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Nanosensing
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Run , Zhang Zhanying , Cao Jianliang , Ma Tianyi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn recent years, graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has attracted much attention due to its unique properties and excellent performance in the field of sensors, which has inspired the authors to compile this review. Although there are many reviews on the synthesis and applications of g‐C3N4 materials, a targeted, systematic, comprehensive summary of applications in sensors and the sensing mechanisms of g‐C3N4‐based nanomaterials are not published. In this review, the preparation methods and synthetic conditions for preparing g‐C3N4 with different morphologies, such as conventional bulk g‐C3N4, g‐C3N4 nanosheets, and g‐C3N4 quantum dots, are introduced in detail. By reviewing recent advances in g‐C3N4‐based nanomaterials in ion sensors, biosensors, gas sensors, and humidity sensors, this study provides more comprehensive and in‐depth information for the further design of g‐C3N4‐based sensors with enhanced performance. A brief outlook of g‐C3N4‐based sensors is presented as the conclusion of this review.