bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of the novel coronavirus pneumonia in the elderly in China
Authors: Chen Qiong , Wang Lijing , Yu Weiwei , Xi Huan , Zhang Qiang , Chen Xinyu , Huang Kui , Lu Xiang , Liu Xinmin , Zhang CunTai , Wang Jianye ,   Chinese Geriatrics Society,   National Center of Gerontology
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe population is commonly susceptible to the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV), especially the elderly with comorbidities. Elderly patients infected with 2019‐nCoV tend to have higher rates of severe illness and mortality. Immunosenescence is an important cause of severe novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in the elderly. Due to the combination of underlying diseases, elderly patients may exhibit atypical manifestations in clinical symptoms, supplementary examinations, and pulmonary imaging, deserving particular attention. The general condition of the elderly should be considered during diagnosis and treatment. In addition to routine care and measures—such as oxygen therapy, antiviral therapy, and respiratory support—treatment of underlying disease, nutritional support, sputum expectoration complication prevention, and psychological support should also be considered for elderly patients. Based on a literature review and expert panel discussion, we drafted the "Recommendations for the Prevention and Treatment of the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in the elderly in China," aiming to provide help with the prevention and treatment of NCP and the reduction of harm to the elderly population.
Precautions for avoiding pulmonary morbidity after esophagectomy
Authors: Yoshida Naoya , Harada Kazuto , Iwatsuki Masaaki , Baba Yoshifumi , Baba Hideo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPulmonary morbidity is the most common complication after esophagectomy. Importantly, it is the main cause of surgery‐related mortality and possibly adversely affects the long‐term outcome after surgery in patients with esophageal cancer. There is considerable accumulated evidence on multidisciplinary approaches to reduce post‐operative pulmonary morbidity. A comprehensive review of the precautionary measures that have so far been shown to be effective in previous literature is of utmost importance. We herein update and summarize the perioperative and surgical approaches to diminish pulmonary morbidity. Pre‐operative smoking cessation, respiratory rehabilitation, maintaining oral hygiene, perioperative nutritional intervention, enforcement of less invasive surgery, perioperative administration of steroid, and total management by a multidisciplinary team could be the key factors contributing to reduction in pulmonary morbidity.
Influence of boat tourism on the behaviour of Solovetskiy beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in Onega Bay, the White Sea
Authors: Krasnova Vera V. , Prasolova Ekaterina A. , Belikov Roman A. , Chernetsky Anton D. , Panova Elena M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

The influence of boat tourism on the beluga whale Delphinapterus leucas in the White Sea, Russia, was studied based on regular observations of belugas near the Solovetskiy Islands from 1995 to 2015.
Changes in beluga behaviour, which were affected both by the distance between the boats and the whales and the character of boat activity (e.g. anchoring, drifting, or moving with the engine running) were observed.
Boats following the belugas caused the greatest impact on the whales. This negative reaction was observed throughout all periods of observations.
The results indicate the need to evaluate the potential long‐term, cumulative anthropogenic impact on beluga behaviour and the development of appropriate mitigation measures.
Querkraftmodell für bestehende Stahlbetonbauteile mit aufgebogenen Längsstäben
Authors: Huber Tobias , Huber Patrick , Kollegger Johann 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDie historische Ausführungsform der aufgebogenen Längsstäbe zur Schubsicherung ist nach den heutigen Regelwerken nur bedingt vorgesehen. Bei der Bewertung von bestehenden Tragwerken steht der Ingenieur nun vor der Herausforderung, dass die Anwendung der Querkraftmodelle nach Eurocode 2 aufgrund von konstruktiven Regeln in vielen Fällen nicht möglich ist. An der TU Wien wurde deshalb ein Nachweiskonzept entwickelt, welches eine realistische Bewertung dieser Situation ermöglicht. Das Modell des potenziellen Schubrisses (PSC‐Modell) gründet auf detaillierten Analysen der Rissbilder von Versuchen und wurde mit Versuchsdatenbanken evaluiert. Das Potenzial des vorgestellten Modells konnte anhand der Nachrechnung einer realen Stahlbetonplattenbrücke aufgezeigt werden. Die neuen Erkenntnisse werden bereits in der neuen ÖNORM B4002‐8 zur Bewertung der Tragfähigkeit bestehender Tragwerke berücksichtigt, wodurch ein Bogen von der Grundlagenforschung in die Anwenderpraxis gespannt wurde.
Left hypoplastic lung and hemoptysis—rare familial unilateral pulmonary vein atresia
Authors: Har‐Even Cohn Ronly , Hicks Matthew , Lacson Atilano , Hicks Anne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnilateral pulmonary vein atresia (UPVA) is a rare congenital vascular malformation with obliteration of the pulmonary vein. We present a case series of three siblings with variable presentation of UPVA. We suggest a dominant genetic cause based on different paternity. Identifying genetic etiology would contribute to early diagnosis and screening.
Real‐Time Impedance Analysis for the On‐Road Monitoring of Automotive Fuel Cells
Authors: Lochner Tim , Perchthaler Markus , Binder Janko T. , Sabawa Jarek P. , Dao Tuan Anh , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe on‐road monitoring of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) in automotive systems optimizes their efficiency and fuel consumption in addition to increasing their lifetime. In this work, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements and special EIS data analysis algorithms were used to quickly identify fuel cell operational modes and failures during cell operation. The approach developed enables the measurement and analysis time of only a few seconds and allows the accurate extraction of information about the membrane and charge transfer resistance. The data analysis procedures show similar accuracy to that of the complex non‐linear least square fitting algorithms. As a result, typical operational failures like air and hydrogen starvation were able to be easily distinguished, and different operational states (membrane humidification, air stoichiometry) of the PEMFCs could be identified.
Hierarchical Anodic TiO2 Nanostructures Formed in Ethylene Glycol/o‐H3PO4 Electrolytes for Direct Photocatalysis
Authors: Razzaboni Laura , Altomare Marco , Pedeferri Mariapia , Diamanti Maria Vittoria , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this work, we describe a simple anodization process of titanium in a hot phosphoric acid/ethylene glycol electrolyte that forms a hierarchically structured photocatalytically active TiO2 layer that consists directly of anatase nanocrystallites. Such anodic layers show, without any annealing, a high photocatalytic degradation activity for AO7 (an azo‐dye used as model pollutant) that is higher than the activity of comparable fully crystallized TiO2 nanotube layers. Furthermore, the hierarchically structured layers have a remarkable mechanical bending stability. These features make these novel anodic layers highly promising for applications in flexible substrate based photocatalytic devices.
Randomized trial of a hospice video educational tool for patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers
Authors: El‐Jawahri Areej , Traeger Lara , Greer Joseph A. , Vanbenschoten Olivia , Markovitz Netana , Cashavelly Barbara , Tata Lee Ann , Nipp Ryan D. , Reynolds Kerry L. , Goyal Lipika , Bhatt Sunil , Fishman Sarah , Horick Nora , Li Zhigang , Volandes Angelo , Temel Jennifer S. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundPatients with advanced cancer and their caregivers have substantial misperceptions regarding hospice, which contributes to its underuse.MethodsThe authors conducted a single‐site randomized trial of a video educational tool versus a verbal description of hospice in 150 hospitalized patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers. Patients without a caregiver were eligible. Intervention participants (75 patients and 18 caregivers) viewed a 6‐minute video depicting hospice. Control participants (75 patients and 26 caregivers) received a verbal description identical to the video narrative. The primary outcome was patient preference for hospice. Secondary outcomes included patient and/or caregiver knowledge and perceptions of hospice, and hospice use.ResultsBetween February 2017 and January 2019, approximately 55.7% of eligible patients (150 of 269 eligible patients) and 44 caregivers were enrolled. After the intervention, there was no difference noted with regard to patients' preferences for hospice (86.7% vs 82.7%; P = .651). Patients in the video group reported greater knowledge regarding hospice (9.0 vs 8.4; P = .049) and were less likely to endorse that hospice is only about death (6.7% vs 21.6%; P = .010). Among deceased patients, those assigned to the intervention were more likely to have used hospice (85.2% vs 63.6%; P = .01) and to have had a longer hospice length of stay (median, 12 days vs 3 days; P < .001). After the intervention, caregivers assigned to view the video were more likely to prefer hospice for their loved ones (94.4% vs 65.4%; P = .031), reported greater knowledge concerning hospice (9.7% vs 8.0%; P = .001), and were less likely to endorse that hospice is only about death (0.0% vs 23.1%; P = .066).ConclusionsA hospice video did not significantly impact patients' preferences for hospice care. Patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers who were assigned to view the video were more informed regarding hospice and reported more favorable perceptions of hospice. Patients were more likely to use hospice and to have a longer hospice length of stay.
Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus pembrolizumab as chemotherapy‐free, first‐line treatment for PD‐L1‐positive non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhou Yixin , Zhang Yaqiong , Guo Guifang , Cai Xiuyu , Yu Hui , Cai Yanyu , Zhang Bei , Hong Shaodong , Zhang Li 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundNivolumab plus ipilimumab (N‐I) or pembrolizumab (PEM) is associated with survival improvement as chemotherapy‐free, first‐line treatment for patients with advanced non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and positive programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1). However, no direct comparison data exist between these two regimens to inform clinical decisions. Therefore, we performed indirect comparison for N‐I versus PEM using frequentist methods.ResultsThree randomized trials (KEYNOTE‐024, KEYNOTE‐042, and CheckMate 227) involving 2372 patients were included. For patients with tumor PD‐L1 level of ≥1%, pooled meta‐analyses showed that both N‐I and PEM improved overall survival (OS) relative to chemotherapy (N‐I: hazard ratio [HR] 0.82, 95% CI 0.69‐0.97; PEM: HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.71‐0.93); whereas only N‐I significantly improved progression‐free survival (PFS) (N‐I: HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.65‐0.96; PEM: HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.94‐1.21). Neither N‐I nor PEM was associated with improved objective response rate (ORR) compared with chemotherapy (N‐I: relative risk [RR] 1.20, 95% CI 0.98‐1.46; PEM: RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.86‐1.23). Indirect comparisons showed that N‐I was associated with longer PFS than PEM (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62‐0.95). However, N‐I was not superior to PEM in terms of OS (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.77‐1.24) and ORR (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.89‐1.52). N‐I showed a less favorable toxicity profile relative to PEM (all grade adverse events: RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.17‐1.40).ConclusionsN‐I and PEM provide comparable OS benefit for PD‐L1‐positive NSCLC. N‐I further improves PFS relative to PEM but at meaningful cost of toxicities.
Competition for safe real estate, not food, drives density‐dependent juvenile survival in a large herbivore
Authors: Hurley Mark A. , Hebblewhite Mark , Gaillard Jean‐Michel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDensity‐dependent competition for food reduces vital rates, with juvenile survival often the first to decline. A clear prediction of food‐based, density‐dependent competition for large herbivores is decreasing juvenile survival with increasing density. However, competition for enemy‐free space could also be a significant mechanism for density dependence in territorial species. How juvenile survival is predicted to change across density depends critically on the nature of predator–prey dynamics and spatial overlap among predator and prey, especially in multiple‐predator systems. Here, we used a management experiment that reduced densities of a generalist predator, coyotes, and specialist predator, mountain lions, over a 5‐year period to test for spatial density dependence mediated by predation on juvenile mule deer in Idaho, USA. We tested the spatial density‐dependence hypothesis by tracking the fate of 251 juvenile mule deer, estimating cause‐specific mortality, and testing responses to changes in deer density and predator abundance. Overall juvenile mortality did not increase with deer density, but generalist coyote‐caused mortality did, but not when coyote density was reduced experimentally. Mountain lion‐caused mortality did not change with deer density in the reference area in contradiction of the food‐based competition hypothesis, but declined in the treatment area, opposite to the pattern of coyotes. These observations clearly reject the food‐based density‐dependence hypothesis for juvenile mule deer. Instead, our results provide support for the spatial density‐dependence hypothesis that competition for enemy‐free space increases predation by generalist predators on juvenile large herbivores.
Reversible myocardial oedema due to acute myocardial infarction as differential diagnosis of cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis
Authors: Makivic Nina , Stöllberger Claudia , Nakuz Thomas , Schneider Birke , Schmid Christine , Hasun Matthias , Weidinger Franz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUsing bone‐avid radiotracers, cardiac transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis can be diagnosed by scintigraphy, thus obviating endomyocardial biopsy. Radiotracer accumulation, however, may also be due to other causes. A 68‐year‐old male with acute myocardial infarction underwent recanalization of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Postinterventionally, transthoracic echocardiography showed hypokinesia of the septum and anterior wall and a thickened myocardium with granular sparkling appearance. Cardiac amyloidosis was suspected. A 99mTc‐3,3‐diphosphono‐1,2‐propanodicarboxylic acid whole‐body scan 4 days after LAD recanalization showed Perugini 2 myocardial tracer uptake. Monoclonal gammopathy was excluded, and cardiac TTR amyloidosis was diagnosed. Three months later, 99m‐Tc‐hydroxydiphosphate scan showed no myocardial tracer uptake. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed late gadolinium enhancement within the LAD supply area. No mutation of the TTR gene was found. Suspicion of amyloidosis should consider not only echocardiography but also history and clinical findings. Myocardial oedema due to reperfusion should be acknowledged as a differential diagnosis for cardiac uptake of bone‐avid radiotracers.
Improved perturbation technique privacy‐preserving rotation‐based condensation algorithm for privacy preserving in big data stream using Internet of Things
Authors: N Gayathri Devi , K Manikandan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSeveral concerns are raised due to the widespread technology of Internet of Things and big data, which possess private and protection of information. Several researchers have analyzed different privacy preserving techniques, which still cannot provide equal stability between the data privacy and the utility and improvement in the scalability and efficiency. Data mining is one of the prominent technologies, which extracts reliable and useful knowledge from vast amount of information. Henceforth, mining of data stream have become a most popular and important research issue. Due to fast growth in the data generation, the mechanism of privacy preserving with high utility and security becomes more necessary. In this research, an improved efficient perturbation method for data stream named privacy‐preserving rotation‐based condensation algorithm with geometric transformation is proposed that delivers high data utility when compared with other existing techniques. This improved method gives high resilience against the attacks during the process of data reconstruction. Simulation result shows that the proposed method can acquire data privacy and improves accuracy during mining of data streams in which the analysis is performed for different datasets in which the proposed technique obtains more than 95% when compared with original dataset.
Research on application of dynamic threshold least squares Beidou positioning algorithm in Beidou geological disaster monitoring in Three Gorges Reservoir Area
Authors: Lei Guoping , Luo Xiuying , Liu Zhiyuan , Xiao Ke , Dai Minlu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAt present, China's Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) has been successfully applied in all walks of life and entered a period of rapid development. The least squares algorithm is often used to solve problems in the application of BDS, while the quaternary nonlinear equation set is used for solving the BDS PVT positioning and timing issues. The solution of least squares is an iterative process, but if the convergence threshold is too small in the iterative process, it may lead to continuous iteration without convergence. Therefore, a least squares algorithm based on dynamic threshold was proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm could continue iteration until convergence by increasing the system's dynamic threshold. At the same time, the proposed algorithm could also change the satellite combination in time, so as to conduct the positioning and calculation again over the threshold value that increases to a fixed value but fails to converge. Also, the BDS computation process was programmed and simulated. Simulation results show that even if the threshold is set too small, it converges well. During the operation of Beidou‐based geological disaster monitoring system in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, the algorithm not only effectively prevents the program failure in Beidou satellite positioning caused by the convergence failure of algorithm iteration but also greatly improves the stability and reliability of the system program operation.
Improved third‐order weighted essentially nonoscillatory schemes with new smoothness indicators
Authors: Li Chen , Guo Qilong , Sun Dong , Liu Pengxin , Zhang Hanxin 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIn this article, we present two improved third‐order weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) schemes for recovering their design‐order near first‐order critical points. The schemes are constructed in the framework of third‐order WENO‐Z scheme. Two new global smoothness indicators, τL3 and τL4, are devised by a nonlinear combination of local smoothness indicators (ISk) and reference values (ISG) based on Lagrangian interpolation polynomial. The performances of the proposed schemes are evaluated on several numerical tests governed by one‐dimensional linear advection equation or one‐ and two‐dimensional Euler equations. Numerical results indicate that the presented schemes provide less dissipation and higher resolution than the original WENO3‐JS and subsequent WENO3‐N scheme.
Cost‐effectiveness of fiberoptic laryngoscopy prior to total thyroidectomy for low‐risk thyroid cancer patients
Authors: Walgama Evan , Randolph Gregory W. , Lewis Carol , Tolley Neil , Sacks Wendy , Chen Yufei , Ho Allen S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundFlexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy is performed prior to thyroid surgery to evaluate the function of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. We assess the cost‐effectiveness of preoperative laryngoscopy prior to total thyroidectomy for a low‐risk thyroid cancer patient without dysphonia.MethodsA decision tree analysis was performed from a third‐party payer perspective. We assessed the cost‐effectiveness of fiberoptic laryngoscopy prior to total thyroidectomy for T2N0M0 papillary thyroid carcinoma, such that an ipsilateral vocal fold paralysis alters the surgical plan to hemi‐thyroidectomy, when permissible, to avoid the risk of bilateral vocal fold paralysis.ResultsPerforming preoperative laryngoscopy to assess vocal fold function has an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of 45 193 USD/QALY compared to no laryngoscopy. At a willingness‐to‐pay of 100 K/QALY, the intervention is cost‐effective if the incidence of vocal fold paralysis is at least 0.57%, or when the permissible rate of hemithyroidectomy in cases of incidental paralysis is at least 41%. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis shows that laryngoscopy is cost‐effective in 90.9% of cases.ConclusionsFiberoptic laryngoscopy is a cost‐effective prior to total thyroidectomy in asymptomatic, low‐risk thyroid cancer patients.
Solvent effect on excited state potential energy surfaces of Thioflavin T. Qualitatively different results by TDDFT and SA‐2‐CASSCF methods
Authors: Stsiapura Vitali I. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThioflavin T (ThT) is a viscosity‐sensitive fluorescent dye and its emission intensity undergoes a significant enhancement upon binding to DNA or amyloid fibrils. This fluorescence light‐up feature has been attributed earlier to restriction of structural rearrangements in the excited state that are coupled to an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) reaction. In this work TDDFT (using B3LYP and CAM‐B3LYP functionals) and SA‐2‐CASSCF calculations were carried out to obtain relaxed excited‐state potential energy surfaces (PES) along twisting φ and wagging δ angles that describe mutual orientation of benzothiazole (BTZ) and dimethylaniline (DMA) fragments in ThT. For isolated ThT molecule both methods predict that during structural rearrangements of the initially excited Franck‐Condon state, besides twisting along CC bond which connects BTZ and DMA fragments, a considerable wagging motion is expected to occur. Account for solvent effect using polarized continuum model showed qualitative differences in the excited state PES features calculated by SA‐2‐CASSCF and TDDFT methods. Single‐reference TDDFT calculations failed to describe solvation of TICT state and predicted increase of its energy in more polar media.
Investigation of intact mouse cochleae using two‐photon laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Bae Seong Hoon , Kwak Sang Hyun , Choe Young Ho , Hyun Young‐Min , Choi Jae Young , Jung Jinsei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe investigation of cochlear hair cells and lateral wall is a time‐consuming and labor‐intensive process. However, it is a mandatory experiment in audiology research. Here we suggest a novel method for investigating the inner ear microstructures from intact cochleae using two‐photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM). This technique guarantees fewer artifacts and technical simplicity.MethodsUsing TPLSM, we investigated the whole mount cochleae, decalcified cochleae, and cleared cochleae of wild type C57BL/6 mice. CX3CR1+/GFP mice were used to investigate the feasibility of visualizing cellular structures in the cochlear spiral ligament. All samples were investigated without staining.ResultsEndogenous fluorescence emission from the outer hair cells was strong enough to be distinguished from the other structures in all samples. From the single apical view, 50 and 90% of the whole hair cells of the decalcified cochleae and cleared cochleae, respectively, could be visualized without staining using TPLSM. Capillary structure of stria vascularis and spiral ligament could be visualized by endogenous fluorescence without staining.ConclusionWe successfully investigated the hair cells and lateral wall of mouse cochleae using TPLSM without using staining or any destructive procedures. This method is easier, faster, and more reliable than conventional methods.