bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron Irradiation Induced Multistage Martensitic Transformation in Ti‐Rich Ti−Ni Alloy
Authors: Zhao Yundong , Ning Rui , Gao Zhiyong , Wang Haizhen , Cai Wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on the microstructure and martensitic transformation of titanium−nickel (Ti−Ni) alloys under electron irradiation. There is no observable change of the microstructure after irradiation. Abnormal multistage martensitic transformations are observed in Ti‐rich Ti‐48 at % Ni alloys after electron irradiation. The three‐stage reverse martensitic transformation can be achieved in the irradiated alloy, while unirradiated counterpart displays normal one‐stage transformation during heating processes. The abnormal reverse martensitic transformation behavior caused by electron irradiation is due to the local stress field and the excessive defect concentration. The martensitic transformation behavior and temperature after annealing at 250 °C are consistent with the unirradiated counterpart. Additionally, the irradiated alloy exhibits superior thermal cycle stability to unirradiated samples.
Application of a non‐target variable data independent workflow (vDIA) for the screening of prohibited substances in doping control testing
Authors: Leung David K.K. , Wong April S.Y. , Zhou Q.L. , Wan Terence S.M. , Ho Emmie N.M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA non‐target variable Data Independent Acquisition (vDIA) workflow based on accurate mass measurements using a Q Exactive OrbiTrap is presented for the first time for equine doping control testing. The vDIA workflow uses a combination of MS1 events (1 to 2) and multiple vDIA events to cover the analytes of interest. The workflow basically captures a digital image of a sample allowing all relevant MS1 and MS2 data to be recorded. In theory, the workflow can accommodate an unlimited number of analytes as long as they are amenable to the sample extraction protocol and fall within the mass limits of the workflow. Additional targets fulfilling the above requirements can be added without changing any settings. The performance of the vDIA workflow was illustrated by applying it to two screening methods in horse urine, with one workflow covering 331 basic drugs and the other covering 45 quaternary ammonium drugs (QADs). Both screening methods have good detection sensitivity with 84% of the basic drugs having Limits of Detection (LoDs) of ≤ 1 ng/mL and 84% of the QADs having LoDs of ≤ 0.4 ng/mL. Other method characteristics including retention reproducibility, method precision and false hit rate will also be presented.
Impact of fire and harvest on forest ecosystem services in a species‐rich area in the southern Appalachians
Authors: Ling Pui‐Yu , Prince Stephen , Baiocchi Giovanni , Dymond Caren , Xi Weimin , Hurtt George 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo mitigate and adapt to climate change, forest carbon sequestration and diversity of the ecosystem must be included in forest management planning, while satisfying the demand for wood products. The future provisions of ecosystem services under six realistic management scenarios were assessed to achieve that goal. These services were carbon sequestration, types and quantities of roundwood harvested, and different indicators of forest health—biomass of major species, species diversity, and variation of tree age. A spatially explicit forest succession model was combined with statistical analyses to conduct the assessment at the level of both the whole forest landscape and different ecological zones (ecozones) within. An important aspect of this study was to explore the effects of the biophysical heterogeneity of different ecological zones on the outcomes of different management scenarios. The study area was located in an area of the southern Appalachian Mountains in North Carolina with high tree diversity and active forest management activities. Along with a range of management practices, such richness in diversity allowed us to examine the complexity of the interaction between management activities and species competition. The results showed that fire suppression had a greater effect on increasing biomass carbon sequestration than any management scenario that involves harvest and replanting afterward, but at the expense of other indicators of forest health. The effect of fire on species composition was the largest in the xeric parts of the study area. Based on the study results, it was proposed that a low harvest intensity with a mix of fire and fire suppression across the landscape would best balance the need for roundwood products, biomass carbon sequestration, and desirable species composition. This study also demonstrated that the combination of a spatially explicit forest succession model and statistical analyses could be used to provide a robust and quantifiable projection of ecosystem service provisions and possible trade‐offs under different management scenarios.
Big data–model integration and AI for vector‐borne disease prediction
Authors: Peters Debra P. C. , McVey D. Scott , Elias Emile H. , Pelzel‐McCluskey Angela M. , Derner Justin D. , Burruss N. Dylan , Schrader T. Scott , Yao Jin , Pauszek Steven J. , Lombard Jason , Rodriguez Luis L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPredicting the drivers of incursion and expansion of vector‐borne diseases as part of early‐warning strategies (EWS) is a major challenge for geographically extensive diseases where spread is mediated by spatial heterogeneity in climate and other environmental drivers. Geospatial data on these environmental drivers are increasingly available affording opportunities for application to a predictive disease ecology paradigm provided the data can be synthesized and harmonized with fine‐scale, highly resolved data on vector and host responses to their environment. Here, we apply a multi‐scale big data–model integration approach using human‐guided machine learning to objectively evaluate the importance of a large suite of spatially distributed environmental variables (>400) to develop EWS for vesicular stomatitis (VS), a common viral vector‐borne vesicular disease affecting livestock throughout the Americas. Two temporally and phylogenetically distinct events were used to develop disease occurrence–environment relationships in incursion (2004) and expansion years (2005), and then to test those relationships (2014, 2015) at two scales: (1) local and (2) landscape to regional. Our results show that VS occurrence at a local scale of individual landowners was related to conditions that can be monitored (rainfall, temperatures, streamflow) or modified (vegetation). On‐site green vegetation during the month of occurrence and higher rainfall four months prior combined with either cool daytime (expansion) or nighttime (incursion) temperatures one month prior were indicators of VS occurrence. Distance to running water (incursion) and host density based on neighboring ranches (expansion) with infected animals were also important in individual years. At landscape‐to‐regional scales, conditions that favor specific VSV biological vectors were indicated, either black flies in incursion years or biting midges in expansion years. Changes in viral genetic lineage were less important to patterns in VS occurrence than factors affecting the host–vector–environment interactions. In combination with our onset map based on latitude, elevation, and long‐term annual precipitation, this year‐ and scale‐specific information can be used to develop strategies to minimize effects of future VS events. This big data approach coupled with expert knowledge and machine learning can be applied to other emerging diseases for improvement in understanding, prediction, and management of vector‐borne diseases.
Fish predation on a landscape scale
Authors: Michel Cyril J. , Henderson Mark J. , Loomis Christopher M. , Smith Joseph M. , Demetras Nicholas J. , Iglesias Ilysa S. , Lehman Brendan M. , Huff David D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPredator–prey dynamics can have landscape‐level impacts on ecosystems, and yet, spatial patterns and environmental predictors of predator–prey dynamics are often investigated at discrete locations, limiting our understanding of the broader impacts. At these broader scales, landscapes often contain multiple complex and heterogeneous habitats, requiring a spatially representative sampling design. This challenge is especially pronounced in California’s Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta, where managers require information on the landscape‐scale impacts of non‐native fish predators on multiple imperiled native prey fish populations. We quantified relative predation risk in the southern half of the Delta (South Delta) in 2017 using floating baited tethers that record the exact time and location of predation events. We selected 20 study sites using a generalized random tessellation stratified survey design, which allowed us to infer relationships between key environmental covariates and predation across a broader spatial scale than previous studies. Covariates included distance‐to‐nearest predators, water temperature, turbidity, depth, bottom slope, bottom roughness, water velocity, and distance‐to‐nearest riverbank and nearest aquatic vegetation bed. Model selection determined the covariates that best predicted relative predation risk: water temperature, time of day, mean predator distance, and river bottom roughness. Using this model, we estimated predation risk for the South Delta landscape at a 1‐day and 1‐km resolution. This effort identified hot spots of predation risk and allowed us to generate predicted survival for migrating fish transiting the South Delta. This methodology can be applied to other systems to evaluate spatio‐temporal dynamics in predation risk, and their biotic and abiotic predictors.
Mixed transmission modes promote persistence of an emerging tick‐borne pathogen
Authors: Sambado Samantha , Salomon Jordan , Crews Arielle , Swei Andrea 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPathogens utilize different modes of transmission to maximize transmission success. In vector‐borne disease systems, both vertical and horizontal modes of transmission are common, but the relative contribution of these modes is not well understood but may be determined by host genetics, physiology, or environmental conditions. This study focuses on an emerging tick‐borne relapsing fever pathogen, Borrelia miyamotoi, that can be transmitted both vertically and horizontally. The enzootic cycle of this pathogen has not been described in the western USA where it was recently found in the tick species, Ixodes pacificus. Our field surveys found that all three life stages of I. pacificus carry the pathogen, and therefore, all stages pose some level of disease risk to humans. The prevalence of infection increases with each life stage suggesting that horizontal transmission is important in the persistence of this pathogen in the enzootic cycle. In support of this finding, we found that small mammal hosts that are frequently parasitized by juvenile stages of I. pacificus were infected with B. miyamotoi and may therefore function as a source of horizontal transmission and enzootic maintenance of this disease. Our data show that in the western USA B. miyamotoi is maintained in natural populations by both transovarial transmission and transmission from blood meal hosts and that synchronous phenology of juvenile stages of I. pacificus may facilitate the transmission dynamics of B. miyamotoi and other vertically transmitted, vector‐borne pathogens.
Fatality rates and use of systemic thrombolysis in pregnant women with pulmonary embolism
Authors: Hobohm Lukas , Keller Karsten , Valerio Luca , Ni Ainle Fionnuala , Klok Frederikus A. , Münzel Thomas , Kucher Nils , Lankeit Mareike , Konstantinides Stavros V. , Barco Stefano 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsData on the early course and use of systemic thrombolysis in pregnant women with pulmonary embolism associated or not with haemodynamic failure are scarce. We investigated these aspects using the information from the German Nationwide Inpatient Registry (years 2005–2016).Methods and resultsIn Germany, all diagnoses referring to hospitalized patients are coded according to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision with German Modification. We analysed data of pregnant women aged 18–50 years for whom the following diagnoses were recorded during hospitalization: (i) pulmonary embolism (I26) during pregnancy or peripartum (O09) or (ii) obstetric thromboembolism (O88.2). Haemodynamic failure at any time during the in‐hospital stay was defined as need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OPS code 8‐77) or the presence of shock (International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision with German Modification code R57). The primary study outcome was in‐hospital death. A total of 8 271 327 births were registered in Germany from 2005 to 2016. During this 12 year time period, there were 1846 hospitalizations for pregnancy‐associated pulmonary embolism in patients aged 18–50, corresponding to 2.2 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1–2.3] cases every 10 000 births and 0.2% of all hospitalizations for pulmonary embolism in Germany. The median age was 31 years, and the median length of hospitalization was 8 days. A total of 63 deaths were reported, corresponding to an overall in‐hospital fatality rate of 3.4% (95% CI: 2.7–4.4) and a pulmonary embolism‐related mortality rate of 0.8 (95% CI: 0.6–1.0) per 100 000 (live) births per year. Pulmonary embolism‐related deaths in hospitalized pregnant women represented 14% of all maternal deaths recorded in Germany between 2005 and 2016. A total of 135 (7.3%) women had haemodynamic failure, of whom 51 (37.8%) received systemic thrombolysis and 50 (37.0%) died.ConclusionsPulmonary embolism‐related fatality remains substantial in pregnant women with pulmonary embolism and represents a frequent cause of maternal mortality. The use of systemic thrombolysis was reported in one third of pregnant women with pulmonary embolism and haemodynamic failure. Better preventive and management strategies should be urgently implemented in this vulnerable patient group.
Rationale and design of the AUGUST‐AHF Study
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Sun Yang , Zhou Kehua , Zhang Xiaoyu , Chen Ying , Hu Jiayuan , Zhong Changming , Liu Yan , Shang Hongcai 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsWe aim to assess the effect of a lyophilized herbal injection on 90 day mortality and readmission rates in patients with acute heart failure (AHF).Methods and resultsThe AUGUST‐AHF study is a multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial enrolling 1270 hospitalized patients for AHF. Patients are randomized to receive YiqiFumai lyophilized injection (5.2 g/day) or placebo for 10 days, in addition to standard therapy, using a 1:1 ratio via an interactive web response system. The primary endpoint is the 90 day all‐cause mortality or AHF readmission rates. Secondary endpoints include 180 day all‐cause mortality or heart failure readmission rates, length of hospital stay for the indexed AHF, 90 day cardiac‐specific mortality rate, occurrence of worsening heart failure through Day 10, changes in the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Quality of Life scale score through Day 180, and 90 day major adverse cardiac events. Additional secondary endpoints include change in dyspnoea via visual analogue scale (VAS) and Likert 7‐point comparator scale, N terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide value and New York Heart Association functional class, and the total amount of diuretics for the indexed AHF hospitalization. Study recruitment is expected to be completed by March 2021, and follow‐up will end in September 2021. In an optional sub‐study, patients will be followed up for 3 years.ConclusionsTo our best knowledge, AUGUST‐AHF is the first study assessing the efficacy of a Chinese herbal injection in patients with AHF. The results will be valuable to guide clinicians in using YiqiFumai lyophilized injection, which was included in the latest Chinese Health Insurance Catalog.
Multilayer myocardial strain improves the diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Tanacli Radu , Hashemi Djawid , Neye Marthe , Motzkus Laura Astrid , Blum Moritz , Tahirovic Elvis , Dordevic Aleksandar , Kraft Robin , Zamani Seyedeh Mahsa , Pieske Burkert , Düngen Hans‐Dirk , Kelle Sebastian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsThe diagnostic and treatment of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are both hampered by an incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. Novel imaging tools to adequately identify these patients from individuals with a normal cardiac function and respectively patients with HF with reduced EF are warranted. Computing multilayer myocardial strain with feature tracking is a fast and accurate method to assess cardiac deformation. Our purpose was to assess the HFpEF diagnostic ability of multilayer strain parameters and compare their sensitivity and specificity with other established parameters.Methods and resultsWe included 20 patients with a diagnosis of HFpEF and, respectively, 20 matched controls. We assessed using feature‐tracking cardiac magnetic resonance longitudinal and circumferential myocardial strain at three distinct layers of the myocardium: subendocardial (Endo‐), mid‐myocardial (Myo‐), and subepicardial (Epi‐). Comparatively, we additionally assessed various others clinical, imaging, and biochemical parameters with a putative role in HFpEF diagnostic: left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular mass (LVM), interventricular septum (IVS) wall thickness and free wall thickness, left atrial volume and strain, septal and lateral mitral annular early diastolic velocity (e`), E/e´ ratio, and plasma levels of N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP). Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is significantly impaired at Endo (−20.8 ± 4.0 vs. −23.2 ± 3.4, P = 0.046), Myo‐ (−18.0 ± 3.0 vs. −21.0 ± 2.5, P = 0.002), and Epi‐ (−12.2 ± 2.0 vs. −16.2 ± 2.5, P < 0.001) levels. Compared with any other imaging parameter, an Epi‐GLS lower than 13% shows the highest ability to detect patients with HFpEF [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.90 (0.81–1), P < 0.001] and in tandem with NT‐proBNP can diagnose with maximal sensibility (93%) and specificity (100%), patients with HFpEF from normal, composed variable [AUC = 0.98 (0.95–1), P < 0.001]. In a logistic regression model, a composite predictive variable taking into account both GLS Epi and NT‐proBNP values in each individual subject reached a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 100% with an AUC of 0.98 (0.95–1), P < 0.001, to detect HFpEF.ConclusionsEpi‐GLS is a promising new imaging parameter to be considered in the clinical assessment of HFpEF patients. Given its excellent specificity, in tandem with a highly sensitive parameter such as NT‐proBNP, Epi‐GLS holds the potential to greatly improve the current diagnostic algorithms.
How do patients with eating disorders perceive and evaluate food portion sizes? A systematic review
Authors: Dörsam Annica Franziska , Mack Isabelle , Kögel Laura , Zipfel Stephan , Giel Katrin Elisabeth 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe selection of adequate portion sizes plays a key role in the nutritional treatment of eating disorders (EDs). There is limited knowledge concerning the estimation of portion sizes in individuals with EDs.MethodWe performed a systematic review according to the PRISMA statement to synthesise current evidence in this field. Of N = 584 hits, four full‐texts were included in the qualitative synthesis.ResultsWhile patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) tend to overestimate the size of energy‐dense food items and small to medium sized meal portions, they do not show a different estimation compared to healthy controls when judging the amount of food pieces. Large portion sizes were associated with increased anxiety in patients with AN.DiscussionThe overestimation of food portion sizes seems to be driven by attitudinal and/or higher cognitive factors associated with AN. Differences between the studies are discussed and suggestions for future studies are given.
Evaluating the performance of topobathymetric LiDAR to support multi‐dimensional flow modelling in a gravel‐bed mountain stream
Authors: Tonina Daniele , McKean James A. , Benjankar Rohan M. , Yager Elowyn , Carmichael Richard A. , Chen Qiuwen , Carpenter Aston , Kelsey Leah G. , Edmondson Michael R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStream biophysical processes are commonly studied using multi‐dimensional numerical modelling that quantifies flow hydraulics from which parameters such as habitat suitability, stream carrying capacity, and bed mobility are derived. These analyses would benefit from accurate high‐resolution stream bathymetries spanning tens of kilometres of channel, especially in small streams or where navigation is difficult. Traditional ground‐based survey methods are limited by survey time, dense vegetation and stream access, and are usually only feasible for short reaches. Conversely, airborne topobathymetric LiDAR surveys may overcome these limitations, although limited research is available on how errors in LiDAR‐derived digital elevation models (DEMs) might propagate through flow models. This study investigated the performance of LiDAR‐derived topobathymetry in support of multi‐dimensional flow modelling and ecohydraulics calculations in two gravel‐bedded reaches (approximately 200 m long), one morphologically complex and one morphologically simple, and at the segment scale (32 km‐long stream segment) along a 15 m‐wide river in central Idaho, USA. We compared metre and sub‐metre‐resolution DEMs generated from RTK‐GPS ground and Experimental Advanced Airborne Research LiDAR‐B (EAARL‐B) surveys and water depths, velocities, shear stresses, habitat suitability, and bed mobility modelled with two‐dimensional (2D) hydraulic models supported by LiDAR and ground‐surveyed DEMs. Residual statistics, bias (B), and standard deviation (SD) of the residuals between depth and velocity predicted from the model supported by LiDAR and ground‐survey topobathymetries were up to −0.04 (B) and 0.09 m (SD) for depth and −0.09 (B) and 0.20 m s−1 (SD) for velocity. The accuracy (B = 0.05 m), precision (SD = 0.09 m), and point density (1 point m−2) of the LiDAR topobathymetric survey (regardless of reach complexity) were sufficient to support 2D hydrodynamic modelling and derivative stream habitat and process analyses, because these statistics were comparable to those of model calibration with B = 0 m and SD = 0.04 m for water surface elevation and B = 0.05 m s−1 and SD = 0.22 m s−1 for velocity in our investigation. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.