bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of hyaluronidase combined with corticosteroids in treatment of oral submucous fibrosis: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials
Authors: Guo Jincai , Xie Hui , Mao Shun , Liang Mining , Wu Hao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis meta‐analysis was performed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of hyaluronidase combined with corticosteroids compared with other drugs in improving maximum mouth opening and alleviating the burning sensation in patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF).MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched. RevMan 5.3 software was used for the meta‐analysis.ResultsSix studies involving 244 patients with OSF were analysed. No significant difference in improvement of maximum mouth opening was found between the hyaluronidase and control groups (lycopene, pentoxifylline, aloe vera, dexamethasone, Turmix [curcumin + piperine] and isoxsuprine) at 1 month (mean difference [MD]: 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.92‐1.56, P = .61, I2 = 57%), 2 months (MD: 0.49, 95% CI: −0.14‐1.12, P = .12, I2 = 41%) or 3 months (MD: 0.40, 95% CI: −1.08‐1.87, P = .60, I2 = 92%). Additionally, no statistically significant difference was found in alleviation of the burning sensation between the two groups at 1 month (MD: 0.54, 95% CI: −0.62‐1.71, P = .36, I2 = 0%), 2 months (MD: 0.53, 95% CI: −0.85‐1.91, P = .45, I2 = 0%) or 3 months (MD: 0.64, 95% CI: −1.07 to 2.35, P = .46, I2 = 0%).ConclusionsAccording to this meta‐analysis, weak evidence indicates that hyaluronidase combined with corticosteroids has no additional clinical benefit over control drugs (lycopene, pentoxifylline, aloe vera, dexamethasone, Turmix and isoxsuprine) in improving maximum mouth opening and alleviating the burning sensation in patients with OSF. Therefore, more high‐quality, multi‐centre randomized controlled trials with larger samples are needed to further assess the efficacy of hyaluronidase combined with corticosteroids in the treatment of OSF.
Is the negative always that bad? Or how emotion regulation and integration of negative memories can positively affect well‐being
Authors: Houle Iliane , Philippe Frederick L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine whether coherent integration of negative memories into the self could positively predict well‐being over time, and whether certain emotion regulation strategies could facilitate this coherent integration. In turn, coherent integration of negative memories was expected to further facilitate adaptive emotion regulation strategies over time.MethodA total of 303 participants took part in this longitudinal study. At Phase 1, they completed measures of emotion regulation and well‐being. Three months later, they described the memory of the most negative event they experienced since Phase 1, and completed measures assessing its integration. One month later, participants completed the well‐being measures again, and another month later, their emotion regulation was reassessed.ResultsAdaptive emotion regulation predicted adaptive memory integration, which in turn led to increases in well‐being and adaptive emotion regulation. Contrariwise, the incapacity to adaptively regulate emotions predicted poor memory integration, which in turn led to decreases in well‐being.ConclusionThe way people regulate their negative emotions acts as an individual difference influencing how negative memories are integrated into the self, which can in return alter well‐being and emotion regulation capacity over time.
Age differences in Machiavellianism across the life span: Evidence from a large‐scale cross‐sectional study
Authors: Götz Friedrich M. , Bleidorn Wiebke , Rentfrow Peter J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveLifespan perspectives on personality development have gained much momentum in recent years, mostly focusing on benevolent and neutral traits such as the Big Five. Despite their strong associations with critical personal outcomes, surprisingly little research has investigated the development of malevolent traits. Addressing this gap, we examined age trends in Machiavellianism across the lifespan.MethodsUsing data from a large‐scale cross‐sectional sample (n = 1,118,643), we analyzed mean‐level changes from age 10 to 67.ResultsAge differences in Machiavellianism were most pronounced as a strong upward trend during the transition from late childhood to adolescence, when it peaked. Throughout adulthood it exhibited a steady downward trend, reaching an overall minimum at age 65. Across the lifespan, Machiavellianism tended to be higher in men and high‐income participants. Compared to Machiavellianism, the age trends in Agreeableness and—to a lesser extent—Conscientiousness showed almost perfectly polar opposite patterns.ConclusionsAge trends in malevolent personality conform to established patterns of normative change, indicating temporary disruption in adolescence and social maturation across adulthood. The results advance theory and research on personality trait development across the lifespan and highlight crucial developmental windows that can inform targeted interventions to keep socially aversive traits in check.
Glucuronidation and its effect on the bioactivity of amentoflavone, a biflavonoid from Ginkgo biloba leaves
Authors: Gan Lili , Ma Jiating , You Guoquan , Mai Jinxia , Wang Zhaoyu , Yang Ruopeng , Xie Cong , Fei Jingrao , Tang Lan , Zhao Jie , Cai Zheng , Ye Ling 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Ginkgo biloba leaves contain amentoflavone (AMF), a dietary flavonoid that possesses antioxidant and anticancer activity. Flavonoids are extensively subjected to glucuronidation. This study aimed to determine the metabolic profile of AMF and the effect of glucuronidation on AMF bioactivity.

Methods
A pharmacokinetic study was conducted to determine the plasma concentrations of AMF and its metabolites. The metabolic profile of AMF was elucidated using different species of microsomes. The antioxidant activity of AMF metabolites was determined using DPPH/ABTS radical and nitric oxide assays. The anticancer activity of AMF metabolites was evaluated in U87MG/U251 cells.

Key findings
Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that the oral bioavailability of AMF was 0.06 ± 0.04%, and the area under the curve of the glucuronidated AMF metabolites (410.938 ± 62.219 ng/ml h) was significantly higher than that of AMF (194.509 ± 16.915 ng/ml h). UGT1A1 and UGT1A3 greatly metabolized AMF. No significant difference was observed in the antioxidant activity between AMF and its metabolites. The anticancer activity of AMF metabolites significantly decreased.

Conclusions
A low AMF bioavailability was due to extensive glucuronidation, which was mediated by UGT1A1 and UGT1A3. Glucuronidated AMF metabolites had the same antioxidant but had a lower anticancer activity than that of AMF.
Melatonin and its analogues for the prevention of postoperative delirium: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Han Yunyang , Wu Jie , Qin Zaisheng , Fu Weijun , Zhao Bingcheng , Li Xue , Wang Wenyan , Sha Tong , Sun Maomao , Li Jiaxin , Zeng Zhenhua , Chen Zhongqing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIt remains unclear whether melatonin and its analogues prevent postoperative delirium (POD). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of melatonin and its analogues on POD prevention. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase and CINAHL databases were searched. Primary outcome was the incidence of POD. Six randomized controlled trials, 2 cohort studies and 1 case‐control study were included in this meta‐analysis. Results showed that melatonin and its analogue ramelteon decreased the incidence of POD in the entire adult surgical population (odds ratio [OR] = 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24‐0.84, P = .01). When administered at a higher dose (5 mg), melatonin was effective in reducing the POD incidence (OR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.20‐0.52, P < .00001). Melatonin administered less than 5 elimination half‐lives before the surgery significantly reduced the POD incidence (OR = 0.31, 95% CI 0.19‐0.49, P < .00001). Current literature supports the effectiveness of melatonin and its analogue ramelteon in POD prevention. However, the present study was limited by the significant heterogeneity of the included studies. More studies are needed to ascertain the preventive effect of melatonin and its analogues on the incidence of delirium after cardiac and noncardiac surgeries.
Analysis of macrofungal communities reveals a complex reciprocal influence between Mediterranean montane calcareous grassland and surrounding forest habitats
Authors: Pecoraro Lorenzo , Caruso Tancredi , Kumar Gupta Vijai , Borris Robert P. , Zhang Yun‐Chun , Cai Lei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFungi are essential components of all terrestrial ecosystems. Despite the crucial ecological role of soil fungi in grasslands, knowledge about fungal community diversity and structure in Mediterranean meadow habitats is still fragmentary. We analyzed macrofungal communities in three geographically distinct Mediterranean montane calcareous grasslands and surrounding forests, by means of fruit body surveys. We investigated a number of biotic and abiotic factors influencing the studied fungal communities, including plant species composition. Out of 6365 fruit bodies, a total of 268 species belonging to 84 genera were found. In general, there was a significant correlation between plant species richness and fungal richness. Variation in vegetation and plant community structure accounted for approximately 20% of variance in fungal community structure. Tree and shrub vegetation played a dominant role in shaping the analyzed fungal communities, both in meadows and surrounding forests, with particular influence on ectomycorrhizal, litter, and lignicolous saprotrophic fungi. Fungal biodiversity in the studied meadows was increased by the presence of tree and shrub species from the adjacent forests, but was reduced by the increasing vegetation cover.
Targeting ferroptosis alleviates methionine‐choline deficient (MCD)‐diet induced NASH by suppressing liver lipotoxicity
Authors: Li Xiaoya , Wang Tian‐Xiang , Huang Xinmei , Li Yue , Sun Tiange , Zang Shufei , Guan Kun‐Liang , Xiong Yue , Liu Jun , Yuan Hai‐Xin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundNASH is one of the fastest growing liver diseases that leads to severe steatosis, inflammation and ultimately liver injury. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of NASH remain unclear and pharmacological treatment against the disease is unavailable currently. Ferroptosis is a non‐apoptotic form of cell death induced by iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation. Since NASH progression is accompanied by massive lipid accumulation, which generates lipotoxic species, we investigated the role of ferroptosis in NASH progression.MethodMice were fed on MCD‐diet to mimic NASH progression and gene expression in liver was analysed by RNA‐seq. The occurrence of hepatic ferroptosis was measured by lipid ROS level, electron microscopy and in vivo PI staining. The beneficial effects of ferroptosis inhibitors on NASH was evaluated by liver pathology analysis. The mechanism of lipid ROS induced lipid droplets accumulation was investigated by in vitro cell culture.ResultsRNA‐seq analysis suggested that elevated arachidonic acid metabolism promotes ferroptosis in MCD‐diet fed mouse livers, which was further demonstrated by lipid ROS accumulation, morphological change of mitochondria and increased cell death. Iron accumulation was detected in the liver and the serum of MCD‐fed mice. Scavenging of ferroptosis‐linked lipid peroxides reduced lipid accumulation both in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, ferroptosis inhibitors alleviated MCD‐diet induced inflammation, fibrogenesis and liver injury. Finally, lipid ROS promotes liver steatosis by boosting lipid droplets formation.ConclusionOur results demonstrate an important role of ferroptosis in the progression of MCD‐diet induced NASH and suggest that ferroptosis may serve as a therapeutic target for NASH treatment.
Reduction and stabilization of bilirubin with obeticholic acid treatment in patients with primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Parés Albert , Shiffman Mitchell , Vargas Victor , Invernizzi Pietro , Malecha Elizabeth S. , Liberman Alexander , MacConell Leigh , Hirschfield Gideon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsTotal bilirubin is a predictor of survival in primary biliary cholangitis, with the main elevated component being direct bilirubin. The purpose of this post hoc analysis was to assess the efficacy and safety of obeticholic acid across quartiles of varying baseline levels of direct bilirubin in the phase 3, randomized, placebo‐controlled Primary Biliary Cholangitis Obeticholic Acid International Study of Efficacy.MethodsThis analysis assessed patients on the basis of their baseline direct bilirubin level (divided by quartile). Biochemistry and safety outcomes were evaluated within each quartile over time.ResultsIn the quartile with the highest baseline direct bilirubin (>5.47 µmol/L), there was a significant reduction in both direct and total bilirubin at Month 12 compared with placebo. Least squares mean (standard error) change from baseline in direct bilirubin at Month 12 was 4.17 (1.42) µmol/L for placebo, −3.48 (1.63) µmol/L for obeticholic acid 5‐10 mg and −3.66 (1.51) µmol/L for obeticholic acid 10 mg (P < .0001, obeticholic acid vs placebo); the corresponding values for total bilirubin at Month 12 were 4.38 (1.55) µmol/L for placebo, −4.53 (1.83) µmol/L for obeticholic acid 5‐10 mg and −5.06 (1.64) µmol/L for obeticholic acid 10 mg (P < .0001, obeticholic acid vs placebo).ConclusionsObeticholic acid treatment was associated with significant reductions in total and direct bilirubin, particularly in patients with high baseline direct bilirubin. Because raised direct bilirubin levels, even within the normal range, are predictive of survival in primary biliary cholangitis, these results suggest substantial benefits of obeticholic acid in at‐risk patients.
Fungaemia due to rare yeasts in a tertiary care university centre within 18 years
Authors: Alp Sehnaz , Gulmez Dolunay , Ayaz Caglayan Merve , Arikan‐Akdagli Sevtap , Akova Murat 
Published: March 2020

SummaryBackgroundFungaemia due to rare yeasts has been recognised as an emerging, clinically relevant, but less investigated condition. Intrinsic resistance or reduced susceptibility of these species to echinocandins or fluconazole remains as a challenge in empirical treatment.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical characteristics, administered antifungal agents, outcomes of patients with rare yeasts other than Candida (RY‐OTC) fungaemia and determine the antifungal susceptibility profiles of the isolates.Patients and methodsRY‐OTC fungaemia between January‐2001 and December‐2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Antifungal susceptibility tests were performed according to CLSI M27‐A3.ResultsWe identified 19 patients with fungaemia due to 20 RY‐OTC (8 Trichosporon asahii, 4 Cryptococcus neoformans, 4 Saprochaete capitata, 3 Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, 1 Trichosporon mucoides) with an incidence of 2.2% among 859 fungaemia episodes. Haematological malignancy was the most common (42%) underlying disorder. In 6 patients, RY‐OTC fungaemia developed as breakthrough infection while receiving echinocandins, amphotericin B or fluconazole. Amphotericin B, fluconazole or voriconazole were the drugs of choice for the initial treatment of breakthrough fungaemia. Among patients without previous exposure to antifungals, the most common empirical treatment was an echinocandin (50%), followed by fluconazole (42%) and amphotericin B (8%). Overall mortality was 47%. Worse outcome was most common among patients receiving echinocandins (83% vs 25%, P < .05). Voriconazole and posaconazole showed the highest in vitro activity against all the isolates tested. Amphotericin B MICs were relatively higher and the degree of activity of fluconazole and itraconazole was variable.ConclusionsEarly recognition of RY‐OTC and knowledge about their susceptibility patterns remain crucial in initial treatment pending susceptibility data of isolates.
Root‐specific NF‐Y family transcription factor, PdNF‐YB21, positively regulates root growth and drought resistance by abscisic acid‐mediated indoylacetic acid transport in Populus
Authors: Zhou Yangyan , Zhang Yue , Wang Xuewen , Han Xiao , An Yi , Lin Shiwei , Shen Chao , Wen JiaLong , Liu Chao , Yin Weilun , Xia Xinli 
Published: March 2020

Summary

Root growth control plays an important role in plant adaptation to drought stress, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of this control remain largely elusive.

Here, a root‐specific nuclear factor Y (NF‐Y) transcription factor PdNF‐YB21 was isolated from Populus. The functional mechanism of PdNF‐YB21 was characterised by various morphological, physiological, molecular, biochemical and spectroscopy techniques.

Overexpression of PdNF‐YB21 in poplar promoted root growth with highly lignified and enlarged xylem vessels, resulting in increased drought resistance. By contrast, CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated poplar mutant nf‐yb21 exhibited reduced root growth and drought resistance. PdNF‐YB21 interacted with PdFUSCA3 (PdFUS3), a B3 domain transcription factor. PdFUS3 directly activated the promoter of the abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis key gene PdNCED3, resulting in a significant increase in root ABA content in poplars subjected to water deficit. Coexpression of poplar NF‐YB21 and FUS3 significantly enhanced the expression of PdNCED3. Furthermore, ABA promoted indoylacetic acid transport in root tips, which ultimately increased root growth and drought resistance.

Taken together, our data indicate that NF‐YB21–FUS3‐NCED3 functions as an important avenue in auxin‐regulated poplar root growth in response to drought.
H‐type blood vessels participate in alveolar bone remodeling during murine tooth extraction healing
Authors: Yan Zi‐Qi , Wang Xiao-Kai , Zhou Yong , Wang Zheng‐Guang , Wang Zhen‐Xing , Jin Ling , Yin Hao , Xia Kun , Tan Yi‐Juan , Feng Shi‐Kai , Xie Ping‐Li , Tang Si‐Yuan , Fang Chang‐Yun , Cao Jia , Xie Hui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to investigate whether skeletal‐specific H‐type blood vessels exist in alveolar bone and how they function in alveolar bone remodeling.Materials and MethodsH‐type vessels with high expression of CD31 and Endomucin (CD31hiEmcnhi) were immunostained in alveolar bone. Abundance and age‐related changes in CD31hiEmcnhi endothelial cells (H‐ECs) were detected by flow cytometry. Osteoprogenitors association with H‐type vessels and bone mass were detected in tooth extraction model of alveolar bone remodeling by immunohistofluorescence and micro‐CT, respectively. Transcription and expression of H‐EC feature genes during in vitro Notch inhibition were measured by RT‐qPCR and immunocytofluorescence.ResultsWe verified that H‐type vessels existed in alveolar bone, the abundance of which was highest at infancy age, then decreased but maintained a constant level during aging. In tooth extraction model, H‐ECs significantly increased with concomitant perivascular accumulation of Runx2+ osteoprogenitors and gradually augmentation of bone mass. Notch inhibition of in vitro cultured H‐ECs resulted in decreased expression levels of Emcn and hes1, but not Pecam1 or Kdr genes, with decreased expression levels of H‐EC numbers, accordingly.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that H‐type vessels promote osteogenesis during alveolar bone remodeling. Notch signaling pathway regulates expression of Emcn and possibly determines fate and functions of alveolar H‐ECs.
Human papillomavirus prevalence in oral potentially malignant disorders: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: de la Cour Cecilie D. , Sperling Cecilie D. , Belmonte Federica , Syrjänen Stina , Kjaer Susanne K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to provide pooled estimates of human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and evaluate the impact of presence of epithelial dysplasia.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for studies that examined the prevalence of HPV DNA in OPMD tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsAcross 52 eligible studies (2,677 cases), we found an overall pooled HPV prevalence of 22.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 16.6–29.0). Between‐study heterogeneity was 93%. When stratified by subgroup, the pooled HPV prevalence in leukoplakia (1,232 cases) was 20.2% (95% CI 11.2–31.1), lichen planus (767 cases) 23.0% (95% CI 15.0–32.2), oral submucous fibrosis (238 cases) 28.6% (95% CI 23.0–34.5), proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (60 cases) 24.7% (95% CI 1.8–62.0), and OPMD unspecified (377 cases) 25.4% (95% CI 16.2–35.8). Information on presence of epithelial dysplasia was available in 19 studies, and the results did not vary substantially between non‐dysplastic and dysplastic samples. HPV16 was the predominant genotype among HPV‐positive OPMD cases (48.2%, 95% CI 31.4–65.2).ConclusionWe found a pooled HPV DNA prevalence of 22.5% in OPMD cases with great between‐study heterogeneity. The HPV prevalence appeared to be comparable across subgroups and independent of epithelial dysplasia.
Transvenous lead extraction: Efficacy and safety of the procedure in octogenarian patients
Authors: Giannotti Santoro Mario , Segreti Luca , Zucchelli Giulio , Barletta Valentina , Fiorentini Federico , Di Cori Andrea , De Lucia Raffaele , Bongiorni Maria Grazia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundManaging elderly patients with infection or malfunction deriving from a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) may be challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of mechanical transvenous lead extraction (TLE) in elderly patients.MethodsPatients who had undergone TLE in single tertiary referral center were divided in two groups (group 1: ≥ 80 years; group 2: < 80 years) and their acute and chronic outcomes were compared. All patients were treated with manual traction or mechanical dilatation.ResultsOur analysis included 1316 patients (group 1: 202; group 2: 1114 patients), with a total of 2513 leads extracted. Group 1 presented more comorbidities, more pacemakers than implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators, whereas the dwelling time of the oldest lead and the number of leads were similar, irrespective of patient's age. In group 1, the radiological success rate for lead was higher (99.0% vs 95.9%; P < .001) and the fluoroscopy time lower (13.0 vs 15.0 min; P = .04) than in group 2. Clinical success was reached in 1273 patients (96.7%), without significant differences between groups (group 1: 98.0% vs group 2: 96.4%; P = .36). Major complications occurred in 10 patients (0.7%) without significative differences between patients with more or less than 80 years (group 1: 1.5% vs group 2: 0.6%; P = .24) and with no procedure‐related deaths in elderly group.ConclusionsMechanical TLE in elderly patients is a safe and effective procedure. In the over‐80s, a comparable incidence of major complications with younger patients was observed, with at least a similar efficacy of the procedure.
Subnational Non‐Hispanic White Natural Decrease in the United States
Authors: Johnson Kenneth M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis research is the first to examine the prevalence and dynamics of non‐Hispanic white natural decrease in fine scale subregional units of the United States. In 2015, more non‐Hispanic Whites died than were born in 65 percent of the US counties. This is the highest incidence of non‐Hispanic white natural decrease ever reported. It results from a complex interaction among fertility, mortality, and migration over a protracted period. Spatial regression is used to identify three critical variables (over‐65 population, child–women ratio, and women of childbearing age) that are the immediate demographic causes of this natural decrease. The timely, factual information in this paper provides a demographic context for analysis of the social, political, and policy implications of this emergent demographic phenomenon.