bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3-D printing and computational fluid analysis of single expansion ramp nozzle
Authors: Benjamin Franklin S , Arul R , Sakthivel T K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To develop a scram jet nozzle by altering the existing supersonic nozzle design. A SCRAM jet nozzle alias, Supersonic combustion RAM nozzle is typically a derived structure of supersonic nozzle, in which the exit of the nozzle is truncated for minimizing the losses. The speed at the inlet should be greater than five Mach (>5), to give the full characteristics of a SCRAM jet. That means the exit will be greater than five Mach (>5), it attains a hypersonic condition. The SCRAM jet is not used in any of the voyages because it is said to less efficient than other nozzles. This SCRAM jet is a developing stage conceptual design in the flight era. The future will rely on these technologies. Our modification in this technology is to attain a hypersonic condition our modified supersonic nozzle. To attain this there are certain controlling parameters to be considered before designing a nozzle, they are thrust required, lift, drag, friction on sidewalls. These are minimized by swirling the air in the divergent section of the nozzle. The swirling action is attained by having internal helical grooves on the divergent section of the nozzle.
Structural and Surface morphology of Lead Selenide (PbSe) thin films
Authors: Ravi K , Chitra V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Lead Selenide (PbSe) thin films are deposited by chemical bath deposition for 2 hours in different temperature. The precursors used are 0.2M of Lead (II) nitrate, 0.5M of Sodium Selenosulfate, 2.0M of Sodium hydroxide and 4ml of Triethanolamine. The film deposition is carried out at 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C for 2 hours. The thickness of the film varied in the range from 1400 to 5200Å. The structural characterization of these films is carried out by X–ray diffractometar (JEOL-Japan, JDX 8030 model). The XRD pattern of PbSe films deposited at different temperature exhibit the polycrystalline structure. In the present study, Scanning Electron Microscope (JOEL 840 SEM/EDAX) is employed to analyze the surface morphology of the films. In addition, the compositions of the films are estimated from EDAX Spectrum. Therefore, it is observed that the films deposited in this work, possess strong peaks for Pb and Se and no other impurities are detected through the EDAX Spectrum, confirming high purity of the PbSe thin film.
A study of some cars dynamic parameters in urban traffic flow
Authors: Lyubenov D , Kadikyanov G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper different methods for determining some dynamic parameters like longitudinal accelerations of cars are presented. The studies were conducted at different road intersections in Ruse, Bulgaria. Data of accelerating cars in real traffic flow with non-contact equipment, VBOX GPS Data Logger measurement system has been acquired. This study can be used by the experts in forensic accident investigation of vehicles. The data presented in this article can improve the calculations accuracy and the quality of expertise during the accident investigation.
Unsupervised Method for Calculating Diameter and Number of Leukocyte Cells
Authors: Supriyanti Retno , Haeromi Ahmad , Ramadhani Yogi , Siswandari Wahyu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Leukocyte has an essential role in the body. Leukocyte has functioned as the body’s immune system function to protect the body from viruses, bacteria, and pathogens. Under normal circumstances, leukocyte has a relatively constant amount. If the number of leukocytes exceeds or is less than usual, health problems can occur. So that the leukocyte cell counts as an indicator of abnormalities and diseases. Digital image processing is an alternative method to identify leukocyte in addition to a hematology analyzer or manually by medical personnel by processing blood images so that the desired information is obtained. Blood images have a variety of lighting conditions, staining time, and cell thickness that cause the various attributes of the blood image. This experiment segmented leukocyte using unsupervised method especially the K-Means clustering method on the hue component of the image after being transformed into HSV color coordinates by grouping leukocyte cell images (great hue value) into one cluster. The results show that the performance of our system as follows, sensitivity 84%, specificity 94%, and accuracy 97%.
Mapping of Tornado Wind Vulnerability using Satellite Data (Study case of Humbang Hasudutan Regency, North Sumatera)
Authors: Darmawan Yahya , Nainggolan Lamtupa , Hutapea Thahir Daniel , Syahputra Makmur Erwin Eka , Munir Ivan Mambaul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Tornado wind often occurs in Humbang Hasudutan (Humbahas), North Sumatra. Even though the map of tornado vulnerability has constructed by The National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure (BNPB), but several regions did not yet have this map due to limited observation data. This study’s objective is to map the vulnerability of tornado in Humbahas using satellite data where the satellite data has more significant quality in area coverage and time-series data. The Composite Mapping Analysis (CMA) has been used to model the vulnerability map. There were three factors has used in this model, such as rainfall, land cover, and slope. Based on the tornado vulnerability map, there was an 802,406.24 ha area (74.63%) in Humbahas, classified as “high” risk to Tornado disaster. There was 271,945.46 ha (25.29%), which assigned as “moderate” risk. About 786.51 ha (0.07%) of the Humbahas area has a “low” risk of tornado disaster. As a result, the study area has a “moderate” to “high” risk of tornado wind disaster, then the adaption and mitigation plans need to be done in handling tornado hazard in this region.
Control System for Smart Home Energy Management
Authors: Suryanto Alfian Teguh , Aprillia Bandiyah Sri , Putri Cahyantari Eka 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Increasing energy demand for residential load is often associated with a lot of energy waste due to lack of a good energy management system. In this work, we propose an intelligent energy management system (EMS) which is designed to control the electrical energy source from solar energy and the power plant from PLN resources both automatically and manually based on the Internet of Things. This control system can be controlled remotely during the process of connecting and disconnecting backup power sources that can be accessed through smartphone devices. Based on the test results of the control system of displacement of energy sources, the DC voltage sensor accuracy value is 99.44% and the PLN voltage measurement has an accuracy of 98.31%. In the control system transfer to a backup power source with manual control has an average duration of time of 0.74 seconds while the automatic control has an average duration of time of 0.98 seconds to 1.33 seconds and for automatic control with priority reading the battery capacity of 12.75 Volts can do transfer from the PLN power source to the backup power source and transfer to the PLN source if the voltage is less than 10.5 Volts with a 100% success rate.
Energy Consumption Performance on IEEE 802.11ah Networks with Station Grouping Scheme
Authors: Aminah A S , Perdana D , Wahidah I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sending packages from the sender to the recipient at the station requires adequate resources. To ensure messages in the form of text, data, images, and videos are received in real-time, reliably, and flexibly, power performance with low energy consumption is required at the station. IEEE 802.11ah can be one of the wireless technologies to overcome this problem by saving low power consumption, the transmission range of 1 km and access points can reach 8191 stations. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of energy-saving consumption by station grouping which is regulated in the regulation of the number of RAW slots. From the results of this study, energy savings were obtained by dividing the two groups when the station numbered 900 stations with an energy consumption of 8.105 joules while in one group with a smaller station scale the total energy consumption of 8.124 joules was obtained. The second scheme is by dividing slots (NRawSlot) to reduce energy consumption in large station capacities. The NRawSlot division is divided into seven-slot with energy consumption of 8,105 joules. It is proven that energy consumption is more efficient by grouping with more station capacity.
The Genesis of Gemstone based on Pillow Lava Primary Structure: A Case Study from Kumbang Formation, Limbasari
Authors: Sunan Huzaely Latief , Siswandi  , Gibran Akhmad Khahlil , Aditama Maulana Rizki , Saragih Rahmat Yantono , Purnomo Widhiatmoko Herry , Tri Laksono FX Anjar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Gemstone/Jasper is an ornamental rock included in the quartz (SiO2) microcrystalline chalcedony variety. Jasper is translucent, has a microcrystal structure, and consists of several mixes of other minerals resulting in appealing color and patterns. In general, Jasper forms as a result of hydrothermal activity controlled by geological structure (secondary structure). On the other hand, Jasper is formed in Limbasari, controlled by a primary structure on pillow lava. The methods used are field data collection, petrography, and XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence). From the data collected in the field and results from petrography analysis and genesis geochemistry. We can infer that the Jasper found in the research site can be called Peperite. The jasper there is a result of unconsolidated tuff deposits still in the form of wet deposits rolled up by the movement of pillow lava and sealed in the gaps of the pillow lava primary structure, starting a partial melting process, and then cooled swiftly, resulting in glassy texture.
Work Mental Load Analysis on Car Repair Mechanics in Yogyakarta
Authors: Prabaswari Atyanti Dyah , Utomo Bagus Wahyu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Mechanics must work with precision, excellent and consistent speed, and other work that drains both the mechanic’s physical and mental energy. Official motorbike mechanics experience complaints of work stress due to high work demands. Regarding the measurement of mental workload, a subjective workload is easily given and has a high assessment ability because the measurement is not dependent on the task. The NASA-TLX (Task Load Index) scale is the most widely used subjective scale by asking participants to rank separately on the subscale of mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, performance, effort, and frustration level. This will be useful to be able to distinguish between tasks in terms of the specific subscale. Mental demand has the highest result (305) because the car workshop is demanded to find the cause of damage to the car, then remember the car components when dismantled and re-installed. Based on statistical analysis, between mental demand and working hours indicates a positive relationship. Heavy mental activities can be reduced by training workshop workers relating to administration, expertise in each type of car, and comfortable and safe work areas.
Work Hazard Risk Analysis and Control in Grey Finishing Department Using HIRARC (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control)
Authors: Prabaswari Atyanti Dyah , Susanti Dyah Ari , Utomo Bagus Wahyu , Shintira Bebie Rizka 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
PT. Primissima (persero) engaged in textile manufacturing. PT. Primissima (persero) processes raw materials cone thread become a grey or calico cloth through weaving process. As a manufacturing industry, workers at PT. Primissima (persero) are integrated with the plant facilities such as the production floor, machines, equipment, and warehouse. It potentially carry hazard risk in the form of work accident and occupational illness. Grey finishing department at PT. Primissima (persero) has a role to ensure product that produced has good quality through inspection and folding activities. Based on observation, there are several potential significant hazard such as air pollution, scrap exposure, and also physiological hazards such as aches to environmental hazards, electrical hazards and fire hazards. So, is necessary to apply a control through hierarchy of control. The results of this research contribute to solve the problem of the and give solutions of the company regarding risk controls.
City-TSP with Objective Minimizing Distance and Noise
Authors: Aurachman Rio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Urbanization has encouraged people to have a home in the city. The process of transportation and logistics is also forced to pass through the city area. There is a need to formulate solutions to transportation, supply chain, and logistics problems for cities. One of the commonly used transportation models is the TSP, the Traveling Salesman Problem. Through this paper, we propose a City-TSP, which is a TSP that considers objectives, parameters, and constraints in urban areas. One of the parameters considered is the noise generated from a truck trip. This paper presents the City-TSP model that simultaneously minimizes distance and noise.
Maritime Inventory Routing Problem: Application on Discharge the Load of the Ship in Cement Companies to Minimize the Total Transportation Cost
Authors: Yusuf Febryan Khoirun , Ridwan Ari Yanuar , Pambudi Hardian Kokoh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Distribution activities are an important part and very considered in the world of logistics because distribution is one of the key drivers of profits earned by companies. One that is related to distribution is transportation. Transportation refers to moving products from one location to another where the product moves from the beginning of the supply chain to consumers where this transportation will incur costs and is one of the costs that affect the price of a product. This research aims to schedule ship transportation from 3 production ports to 6 consumption ports with a heterogeneous fleet of ships to minimize the total transportation costs in the cement industry companies. Maritime Inventory Routing Problem (MIRP) is a problem of ship scheduling which is not only related to the distribution of products from production ports to consumption ports, it also manages the inventory at these ports and is usually used for bulk industrial products. The method used in this research is MIRP with Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) approach where this method can minimize the total transportation costs. The results show that the method used can reduce the total waiting time so that the total transportation costs are also reduced.
Experimental investigation on compression and bending properties of epoxy composites reinforced with Al2O3, kenaf/hemp fibers for orthopaedic implants
Authors: Virupaksha Gouda H , Channabasavaraj S , Gouda A Thimmana , Mahendra K C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Composites in medical sectors are effective and productive phenomena in fulfilling various necessary demands. Through proven results as a base, this technique can be used for further research to enhance the existing parameters. In this connection, present research extensively focuses upon studying the mechanical properties (Compression and Bending) and characterization of fibre reinforced composite materials along with Al2O3 as filler materials. Present study involves the investigation of mechanical properties like compression and bending for NFRPC (Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite) as bio material, Epoxy resin-LY556 as matrix material, using suitable hardener and natural fibers (Kenaf/Hemp) as reinforcement materials considering Al2O3 as filler material with appropriate percentage to enhance strength and hardness of the composites. Prepared specimens were subjected to (Compression/D-3410 and Bending/D-790) examinations. Later they were compared with the femur bone properties. It was noticed that NFRPC properties will match the femur Bone Strengths and results shows 12, 18 & 24% of NFRPC material are appropriate for orthopaedic implants. From the investigated results finally, it concludes that the mechanical properties like compression and bending will be increased with increasing proportion of fiber in composites.
A review on additive manufacturing of AA2024 and AA6061 alloys using powder bed fusion
Authors: Senthamarai Kannan C , Sai Sree Chandra S , Punith Krishnan G , Pravin Raj S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a production facility for tailoring intricately shaped components. Unlike traditional machinery, ease of manufacturability along with intrinsic material saving nature makes AM gain eminence. This paper solely focuses on the capability of aluminium alloys, especially AA2024 and AA6061, being additively fabricated using the widely preferred AM technique of Powder Bed Fusion (PBF). The mechanism of PBF is elucidated by availing the experimental response mirrored in these alloy systems from erudite literary works. Additionally, a comparative review on yield strength, ultimate strength, elongation and hardness property values between wrought condition and PBF fused samples of these alloys has also been discussed. To the end, challenges involved in PBF built components were also addressed by the subsequent emphasis laid over improvement strategies.
Experimental investigations on the performance of nanoboric acid suspensions in coconut oil during milling operation on Al 6061-T6 alloy
Authors: Siddiqui T U , Singh M K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The manufacturing industry nowadays is facing various environmental regulations and is in the process of development of new techniques to minimize use of chemical-based lubricants during machining processes. The heat generated in the cutting zone during machining play critical role in determining the workpiece quality and tool life etc. These cutting fluids are widely employed to dissipate the heat generated during machining; but they also put severe ill effects on the environment and health of workers. Hence, it is important to explore environment friendly alternatives of the chemical based cutting fluids. Coconut oil has been used in machining industries as such cutting fluid because of its higher thermal and oxidative stability. The present work investigates the use of Nanoboric acid suspensions in Coconut oil during milling operation on Al6061-T6 alloy. Variation of cutting tool temperatures and surface roughness under different cutting speeds and fluid flow rates are investigated. The cutting temperature increases with increase in cutting speed and decrease in fluid flow rate. Surface roughness decreases with increase in cutting speed and fluid flow rate, respectively. It was also found that minimum cutting temperature and surface roughness are obtained in case of 0.5% weight of Nanoboric acid suspension in Coconut oil.
Nano emulsified diesel - biodiesel blend selection through a MCDM technique
Authors: Swathi Aakula , Seela Chiranjeevarao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The populace growth and their expectations for everyday comforts have prompted impressive utilization of renewable energy sources. Biodiesel blends and its nano emulsions is a decent option for engine application. This paper depicts the use of crossover Multi Criteria Decision Making for the determination of best nano emulsion for engine. Here, two MCDM techniques TOPSIS and VIKOR used to get the best Nano biodiesel emulsion. Diesel, Jatropha biodiesel blend of B10, nano emulsions of B10 with 25, 50 and 100 ppm of Al2O3 are used. The Brake thermal efficiency (BTE), Smoke, Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Hydrocarbon (HC), Specific Fuel Consumption(SFC), excess Oxygen(O2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) are considered as the assessment criteria. It shows that Diesel is positioned first for 0%,25%,50% and 100% load and fourth for 75% burden using AHP-TOPSIS and Diesel is positioned first for 25% & 50%, second at 0% & 100% and third for 75% load using AHP-VIKOR. Consequently, it is consistent that blending B10+50PPM and B10+25PPM biodiesel is recommended as a decent swap for diesel.
Performance of crushed rock dust concrete exposed to sulphuric and hydrochloric acid solutions
Authors: Venkata Sairam Kumar N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the effect of partial substitute of Ordinary Portland Cement 53 grade (OPC) by crushed rock dust (CRD) as filler material in concrete when exposed to 2% and 5% diluted hydrochloric (HCl) and sulfuric (H2SO4) acid solutions. OPC is partially replaced with CRD by: 0%-A40, 10%-A41, 20%-A42, 30%-A43 and 40%-A44 by weight. Visual assessment, mass loss and compressive strength are evaluated at the considered acid attack environment. The loss in compressive strength of CRD concrete has increased gradually with the increase in the CRD. It has been observed that the mass loss (%) and decrease in compressive strength of concrete cube specimens is found to be less in the case of HCl acid attack when compared with H2SO4 acid attack. The use of CRD in concrete as filler material showed comparable trend of decline in the compressive strength of concrete after exposed to both H2SO4 and HCl acid solutions.
Experimental investigations on Mechanical and Tribological behaviour of A356 with x wt% Boron Carbide and Fly Ash Hybrid Composites
Authors: Sathishkumar A , Soundararajan R , Ramesh A , Muthu Vel T J , Richie Ronaldo A , Sai Deepesh J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The current research work aims to analyse the behaviour of mechanical and tribological characteristics of stir cum squeeze cast A356 with Boron Carbide(B4C) and Fly ash (FA) Metal Matrix Hybrid Composites (MMHC’s) on hardness, wear rate and friction coefficient. Experiments were carried out through stir cum squeeze casting method by keeping the influenced process parameters constant and varying three different equal weight percentage (2.5, 5, 7.5wt%) of B4C and FA with A356 alloy. Each prepared composite samples were tested for hardness and also, wear and friction characteristics were accomplished in a pin on disc tribometer apparatus. The wear and friction characteristics were obtained by varying the load of 10,20,30,40N with a constant sliding distance of 2500m respectively on the tribometer. Experimental investigation results uncovered that the hardness of A356 with 7.5wt% B4C and 7.5wt% FA MMHC’s was increased with an increment in the weight percentage of B4C and FA. Also, there is an increase in the wear rate and a decrease in friction coefficient with a rise in the load from 10N to 40N. Overall, the wear rate of the MMHC sample was reduced with a higher wt% of B4C and FA. The study reveals that the prepared MMHC’s via stir cum squeeze casting was a suitable component for automobiles.
Recent Researches In Polylactic Acid Reinforced With Natural Fiber Composites– A Literature Review
Authors: Raju Arun , Shanmugaraja M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Growing interest in the development of natural fiber composites have been witnessed over a period of last decade which is attributed to low cost, availability, eco friendliness. The large scale production and use of natural fiber reinforced composites is limited due to degradation by micro organisms, water absorption, low strength. These issues are addressed by using various fiber modification techniques such as biological, physical or chemical modifications. This paper addresses the recent developments in surface modifications of the NFRP composites ( Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer). The various effects of such modifications have also been discussed.