bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detektion von Spanndrahtbrüchen mit Schallemissionsanalyse
Authors: Fiedler Max , Pirskawetz Stephan , Kaplan Felix , Holst Ralph , Saloga Katrin , Schmidt Sebastian , Sodeikat Christian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSpannungsrisskorrosion stellt Brückenbetreiber vor immense Herausforderungen, da sie zu gravierenden Schäden an den Spanngliedern führen kann und gleichzeitig die Methoden zur frühzeitigen Schadenserkennung und Tragfähigkeitskontrolle stark eingeschränkt sind. In diesem Kontext hat sich die Schallemissionsanalyse (SEA) zur Detektion von Spanndrahtbrüchen als bedeutsame Methode etabliert. Diese Technologie bietet einzigartige Vorteile und kann einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Sicherstellung des Weiterbetriebs gefährdeter Bauwerke liefern. Gleichzeitig erfordert die Anwendung der SEA tiefgehende spezialisierte Fachkenntnisse. Mit der zunehmenden Verbreitung und dem steigenden Interesse an dieser Methode ist auch der Bedarf an standardisierten Prozessen und Qualitätskontrollen gewachsen. Diesen Bedarf hat der Fachausschuss Schallemissionsprüfung der DGZfP erkannt und die Richtlinie  SE 05 entwickelt. Diese Richtlinie setzt klare Standards und bietet umfassende Anleitung für die Implementierung und Anwendung der Schallemissionsanalyse zur Detektion von Spanndrahtbrüchen.
NMR structural studies of antimicrobial peptide, LPcin‐YK5, with divalent metal ion and its antimicrobial activity
Authors: Kim Minseon , Park Jujin , Kim Yongae 
Published: December 2024

AbstractResearch studies on antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that can combat antibiotic‐resistant bacteria, an issue with antibiotic usage, are garnering attention. Among the AMP types, cationic AMPs can electrostatically interact with the bacterial membrane and destroy it, resulting in bacterial death. In the presence of metal ions, these cationic AMPs possess beneficial antimicrobial activity. In the present study, through structural change analysis and antimicrobial activity tests, we elucidated whether LPcin‐YK5, a bovine‐derived AMP analog with enhanced antimicrobial activity, interacts with the divalent ions copper(II) and zinc(II) ions. We observed that the interaction between YK5 and divalent ions contributed to the secondary structure stability of YK5, resulting in a synergistic effect on the antimicrobial activity; this is consistent with the interaction between other cationic AMPs and divalent ions. Interestingly, the secondary structural changes and antimicrobial activity against gram‐negative bacteria of YK5 were more notable in the presence of zinc(II) than in that of copper(II). Therefore, the effects of YK5 and divalent ions may have implications for designing antibiotics against antibiotic‐resistant microorganisms.
Radiotherapy‐resistant prostate cancer cells escape immune checkpoint blockade through the senescence‐related ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3‐related protein
Authors: Shao Chenyi , Zhang Yingyi , Li Hang , Chen Jiajia , Huang Ting , Li Jiaze , Wen Simeng , Wang Sen , Fan Saijun , Zhao Yu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) exhibit intrinsic resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) following radiotherapy (RT). This resistance is generally attributed to the limited antigen presentation of heterogeneous cells within tumors. Here, we aimed to isolate and characterize these diverse subgroups of tumor post‐RT to understand the molecular mechanisms of their resistance to ICB.MethodsSingle‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) was used to profile senescent cancer cell clusters induced by RT in LNCaP cells. The expression and phosphorylation levels of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3‐related protein (ATR) were assessed by immunohistochemistry in clinical samples from patients with or without RT. Co‐immunoprecipitation, mutagenesis, and Western blotting were used to measure the interactions between proteins. Xenograft experiments were performed to assess the tumor immune response in the mice.ResultsWe identified a subset of PCa cells that exhibited resistance to RT, characterized by a reduced antigen presentation capability, which enhanced their ability to evade immune detection and resist cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 (CTLA‐4) blockade. scRNA‐seq revealed that the senescent state was a transient phase of PCa cells post‐RT, particularly in CTLA‐4 blockade treatment‐resistant cells. This state was marked by increased cytosolic ATR level. Cytosolic ATR phosphorylated CD86 in its cytosolic domain and enhanced the interaction between CD86 and its E3 ligase MARCH1 through electrostatic attraction. Depletion or inhibition of Atr increased the sensitivity to immune attack and improved responses to anti‐Ctla‐4 antibody treatment in a mouse model.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the activation of cytosolic ATR, which is associated with cellular senescence, impedes the effectiveness of combined RT and ICB treatments. This discovery may provide valuable insights for improving the efficacy of combined RT and ICB therapies in PCa.
Implementation of Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract to Treat Multiple Sclerosis: A Clinical Case
Authors: González‐González Layla Grecia , Panameño‐Cruz Vicente , Luna‐Arias Juan Pedro , Reyna‐Beltrán Elizabeth 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS) with its chronic inflammatory component. In the treatment of MS, corticosteroids are usually implemented to reduce the disease's inflammation rate. In this case study, we present a patient with MS that initially received corticosteroids, which heightened his vulnerability to infections, particularly respiratory ones. Consequently, the treatment was changed to the administration of dialyzable leukocyte extract (DLE) “Oral Transferon”. To this day, the rate of inflammation has been reduced, slowing the evolution of MS, decreasing the clinical manifestations of the disease, and improving the patient's quality of life. This may be attributed to the immunomodulatory effects of the Transferon. More studies are needed in MS patients implementing a treatment based solely on Transferon to establish its effectiveness as an immunomodulator (specifically for this autoimmune disease).
Biotin‐Based Northern Blotting (BiNoB): A Cost‐Efficient Alternative for Detection of Small RNAs
Authors: Madhry Deeksha , Roy Riya , Verma Bhupendra 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdvances in sequencing technology have led to the discovery of diverse types of regulatory RNAs. Differential transcript levels regulate cellular processes and influence disease severity. Identifying these variations through reliable methods is crucial for understanding the regulatory roles and disease mechanisms of regulatory RNAs. Northern blotting, which is considered the gold standard for differential expression analysis, poses challenges due to various limitations associated with RNA quality and integrity, radioactivity exposure, and associated reagents and expenses. In this protocol, we employ a biotin‐based northern blotting (BiNoB) approach that is both convenient and inexpensive, eliminating the need for specialized settings as required with radioactivity‐based northern blotting. We comprehensively target various RNA types, making this technique a versatile tool for RNA detection. Additionally, we conduct a comparison between 3′‐end labeled probes that were labeled in‐house and 5′‐end labeled probes that were obtained commercially. Remarkably, our results reveal relatively higher sensitivity with 3′‐end labeled probes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the use of an in‐house buffer offered comparable sensitivity to a commercially available buffer, providing another cost‐effective alternative. We also aimed to determine the minimum quantity of total RNA required to detect small non‐coding RNAs such as tRNA fragments. Whereas previous studies reported the use of 5‐10 µg total RNA for tRNA fragment detection, our findings revealed that as little as 1 µg total RNA is sufficient to detect small RNAs like tRNAs and their fragments. This concentration may vary depending on the expression levels of the specific RNAs being detected. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Biotin‐based northern blotting
Further Investigation Into an Environmental Source for Aminorex
Authors: Brooks Lydia , Ryan Michael , McCosham Erin , Loganathan Devan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn 2009, levamisole was identified as a source for several aminorex positives reported in postrace equine samples in Canada. Since then, unexplained detections of aminorex continue to be identified in equine samples where there is no evidence to link these detections to a levamisole administration. Previous studies identified a compound named barbarin in some species of plants from the Brassicaceae family and suggested that barbarin may be a possible precursor for aminorex. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the link between barbarin and aminorex and (2) identify other biomarkers of plant origin. Methods were developed and validated for the detection of aminorex, barbarin, glucobarbarin, and other associated compounds. Aminorex was administered to one horse, and barbarin was not detected in any plasma and urine samples. Barbarea stricta and Barbarea orthoceras were administered to two horses, and aminorex was detected in all plasma and urine samples collected. Barbarin was detected in some plasma but not in urine samples. Resedine was observed in retrospective examination of chromatograms of the plant material and from all plants postadministration plasma and urine samples from the two horses. Resedine was administered to one horse and was detected in plasma and urine samples, but aminorex was only detected in urine samples. These results provide evidence that resedine is an intermediary compound between barbarin and aminorex in horses and that resedine can be used as a biomarker to eliminate the reporting of aminorex positives originating from the ingestion of plants from the Brassicaceae family.
Skinks on a Plane: Does Human‐Mediated Transportation Impact the Behaviour of an Invasive Lizard?
Authors: Harris Jaclyn , Goulet Celine T. , Chapple David G. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe human‐mediated transportation of stowaway individuals to non‐native regions is a major driver of new biological invasions, and the post‐establishment spread of the invader in its introduced range. In order for the stowaway individuals to successfully establish in the non‐native region, they must survive the harsh conditions during the journey (e.g., extreme temperatures, cramped spaces, and lack of food) and arrive in good condition. However, few studies have investigated the impact of human‐assisted transportation on the behaviour of stowaway individuals. Here, we examined whether human‐mediated transportation, via both air and road, impacted the activity and exploratory behaviour of the invasive delicate skink (Lampropholis delicata). We exposed delicate skinks to either flights on a commercial airliner (total ~2.5 h flight time, and car transport to/from the airport), or a 3 h drive in a car. We found that although the temperatures experienced by skinks during transportation were more variable than those experienced by control group lizards, the temperature during transit remained well within the thermal tolerances for the species. Human‐assisted transportation only had a relatively minor impact on the behaviour of the invasive delicate skink: transportation by plane did not influence activity or exploratory behaviour, and car transportation increased activity, but did not impact exploratory behaviour. The capacity of stowaways to cope with the stress associated with human‐mediated transportation is a key factor in the success of species introductions, and subsequent invasion. As such, there should be a greater focus on the behaviours that facilitate the success of potential invaders in the early stages of the introduction process.
Temporal and Spatial eDNA Analysis of Fish Assemblages in Postindustrial, Urban Coastal Habitats
Authors: Cunnington Alice , Neave Erika , Shum Peter , Collins Rupert , Mariani Stefano 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUrban coastal habitats experience substantial disturbances due to their proximity to human settlements and activities. Yet, despite the negative impact of urbanization on coastal environments, industrial structures can also provide artificial habitats. These are often easily accessible to regular surveys, including water sampling for environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis, an emerging and powerful tool for monitoring biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we utilized eDNA metabarcoding to investigate temporal and spatial trends in fish assemblages within urban coastal habitats between the Dee and Mersey estuaries (United Kingdom), historically one of the most anthropogenically impacted postindustrial coasts in the world. Over a 12‐month period, we conducted nine water sampling trips at two locations: the Albert Docks in central Liverpool, and the Marine Lake in West Kirby. Illumina sequencing was used to analyze PCR amplicons generated using the fish‐targeted Tele02‐12S metabarcoding region. We found significant changes in fish community composition across the different months. Fish communities also significantly differed between the two sites, with the patterns of temporal changes varying substantially between them. Seasonal appearances/disappearances of specific taxa (e.g., European eel, sand smelt, flounder, and herring) shed light on important ecological and behavioral processes that may have management implications. Results also corroborate previous findings on the importance of “molecular bycatch” (nontarget sequences) in expanding our understanding of the anthropogenic influences on the natural environment. Overall, our findings emphasize the value of eDNA monitoring as a noninvasive, affordable, and sensitive approach for routine monitoring of temporal trends in fish assemblages, facilitating the stewardship of resilient urban coastal zones, and recognizing interventions that could increase biodiversity.
Reconstructing active tectonics from land–sea correlations based on cross‐interpretation of core and seismic data for the Tyrrhenian coastal segment in southern Italy
Authors: Corrado Giuseppe , Amodio Sabrina , Aucelli Pietro P. C. , Gioia Dario , Pappone Gerardo , Schiattarella Marcello 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe current setting of most Tyrrhenian coastal plains in central‐southern Italy is the result of the interaction between sedimentary inputs, tectonic movements, and sea level changes during the Quaternary. Based on a comprehensive review of data from the literature on the stratigraphic setting of the coastal plains of Volturno and Garigliano Rivers, and with the final output being a validated 3D geological model, this study provides new elements for improved definition of the chronological intervals of fault activity. Specifically, the ages of tectonic deformations and/or subsidence are crucial for future estimates of coastal hazards induced by both seismicity and coastal inundations. Our multidisciplinary approach includes (i) definition of the Late Quaternary sedimentary architecture by revision of a large amount of core data, (ii) acquisition of offshore seismic reflection data and their correlation with sedimentary bodies of the coastal plains, and (iii) structural analysis of the main faults. These investigations were conducted on the marine segment offshore Mount Massico and on contiguous portions of the Volturno and Garigliano alluvial–coastal plains. The acquisition of seismic and core data enabled the definition of the sedimentary architecture of the coastal sectors of the plains. The Mt. Massico ridge (northern Campania), comprising Mesozoic–Cenozoic units of the orogenic chain and morphologically separating the two plains, was the subject of mesostructural analysis of fault orientation and kinematics. The seismic lines were calibrated correctly using two close stratigraphic core logs from the Garigliano Plain. The identification of correlatable and/or coeval stratigraphic/seismic units reveals land–sea correlations. These units are clearly affected by recent faulting expressed by complex deformation patterns, such as flower structures and strike‐slip faults.
Study on the Effect of Quinoa Saponins on Human Colon Cancer HT‐29 Cells
Authors: Shang Haijun , Sun Jinwei , Zheng Zhi , Sun Shujun , Yan Xiaoming 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTQuinoa saponins can inhibit the survival of specific cancer cells. However, there is still a lack of systematic research on the effects of quinoa saponins on colon cancer cells. This experiment confirmed that quinoa saponins prevented human colon cancer HT‐29 cells from growing in vitro. The MTT experiment revealed that quinoa saponins significantly decreased the proliferative vitality of HT‐29 cells. In comparison to the control group, the proportion of cell number in the G0/G1 phase increased by 22.97% and the rate of apoptosis increased by 22.55% after treating cells with quinoa saponins (40 μg/mL). By regulating the expression of Cyclin D1 and p21, it caused the cell cycle to be blocked in the G0/G1 phase. It also promoted the expression of Caspase3 and Bax while suppressing the expression of Bcl‐2, which led to the apoptosis of HT‐29 cells. In addition, quinoa saponins caused cells to undergo autophagy by upregulating the expression of LC‐3II and Beclin1, while the addition of autophagy inhibitors significantly reduced the inhibitory effect on cell proliferation. Finally, the migration of HT‐29 cells was also inhibited by quinoa saponins. After treating cells with quinoa saponins (40 μg/mL), compared with that in the control group, the wound healing rate of cells decreased by 38.21% and the migration ability decreased by 69.48%. The potential mechanism could be connected to increasing E‐cadherin expression while decreasing N‐cadherin expression. Importantly, all of these changes induced by quinoa saponins were dose dependent. Overall, these findings give a scientific basis for the anticancer mechanism of quinoa saponins.
Enhancing Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) Heat Stress Tolerance: Effects of Sowing Date on Seed Yield, Oil Content, and Fatty Acid Composition in Hot Climate Conditions
Authors: Kalantar Ahmadi Seyed Ahmad , Daneshian Jahanfar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHigh temperatures can impede the growth and development of soybean plants, resulting in decreased yield and seed quality. Heat‐induced damage can be mitigated by adjusting sowing date and selecting genotypes that are suitable for cultivation in hot climates. A 2‐year (2017–2018) field experiment was conducted at Safiabad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, employing a split‐plot design with three replications. The main plots were assigned three different sowing dates (June 22, July 6, and July 21), while the subplots featured eight soybean genotypes (SF1, SF2, SF3, SK93, M13, SG4, SG5, and Salend) belonged to IV to VI maturity groups. Temperature affected the fatty acid composition across all genotypes. Planting soybeans on June 22 and July 6 resulted in a 16% and 8% decrease in seed yield, respectively, compared to planting on July 21 over 2 years of experiments. SK93 exhibited the highest oil content (25.59%) when sown on the third date (July 21), whereas the SF3 genotype planted on June 22 displayed the lowest oil content (18.68%). Based on our findings, a decrease of approximately 0.33% in oil content and a 0.7% increase in protein content were observed with a one‐degree temperature rise from 33°C during the seed‐filling period. When the temperature ranged between 36°C and 38°C, the highest seed yield (2665–3008 kg.ha−1) was obtained, whereas the lowest seed yield (1940 kg.ha−1) occurred at 41.60°C. Delaying planting led to a higher seed yield (19.72%) and enhanced seed oil content (11.54%). The indeterminate growth genotype SK93 consistently showed the highest average seed yield (3231 kg.ha−1) over the 2‐year experiment, exceeding other genotypes.
Optimizing Protein Bars With Whey Protein Isolate, Pea Protein Isolate, and Blue Whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) Fish Protein Hydrolysate: A Simplex‐Centroid Mixture Design Study
Authors: Khodaei Diako , Noci Francesco , Ryan Lisa 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to use blue whiting fish protein hydrolysate (BWFPH) as a novel dietary amino acid supplement in whey protein isolate (WPI) and pea protein isolate (PPI)‐based protein bars. The findings indicate that incorporating BWFPH significantly influenced the nutritional profile of the protein bars, leading to a ~93% reduction in hardness compared to bars without the hydrolysate. Additionally, BWFPH effectively delayed the hardening process during storage. However, sensory evaluation revealed that the inclusion of BWFPH adversely affected the sensory characteristics, indicating a need for optimization. Using a simplex centroid mixture design, we identified an optimized protein blend compromising 76.02% WPI, 6.72% PPI, and 17.26% BWPFH, which achieved a balance of improved texture and sensory appeal. These results suggest that high‐protein bars can be enhanced by integrating novel protein sources through careful formulation and optimization.
Enzyme Activities Shape Malting Quality Standards
Authors: Cai Kangfeng , Wu Xiaojian , Yue Wenhao , Liu Lei , Song Xiujuan , Ge Fangying , Wang Qiuyu , Wang Junmei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMalting quality of barley is a complex characteristic, which is influenced by a combination of interacting traits that are regulated by various genetic and environmental factors. The activities of various enzymes play pivotal roles in determining the malting quality, as they drive the biochemical processes responsible for converting barley saccharides and proteins into fermentable sugars and amino acids during the malting process. In this study, 14 malting barley cultivars were used to investigate the relationship between enzyme activities and malting quality traits. The results revealed a significant correlation between α‐amylase activity and malt extract (MEX), viscosity (VIS), free α‐amino nitrogen (FAN), and Kolbach index (KI). In contrast, β‐amylase activity exhibited a significant correlation solely with diastatic power (DP). β‐glucanase activity was significantly correlated with FAN and KI. The elevated expression levels of both HvBmy1 and HvBmy2 contributed to high DP, and the activation of α‐amylase genes (HvAmy1 and HvAmy2) and β‐glucanase genes (HvGlb1 and HvGlb2) played a crucial role in producing high FAN and KI. These results enhance our understanding of the relations between enzyme activity and malting quality traits and thereby may facilitate further breeding for malt barley cultivars.
Unweaving the Cognitive Map: A Personal History
Authors: Jeffery Kate J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTI have been incredibly fortunate to have worked in the field of hippocampal spatial coding during three of its most exciting decades, the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s. During this time I had a ringside view of some of the foundational discoveries that were made which have transformed our understanding of the hippocampal system and its role in cognition (especially spatial cognition) and memory. These discoveries inspired me in my own lab over the years to pursue three broad lines of enquiry—3D spatial encoding, context and the sense of direction—which are outlined here. If some of my personal recollections are a little inaccurate (such is the nature of episodic memory!) I apologize in advance.