bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT ANALYSIS FOUR ILER ACCESSIONS (COLEUS ATROPURPUREUS [L] BENTH) ON LOWLAND KARANGANYAR, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: FITRIA ROVIQOWATI  , YULI WIDIYASTUTI  , SAMANHUDI  , AHMAD YUNUS  
Published: October 2019

Objective: Iler is an ornamental plant that can be used as a medicinal plant. An effort to increase the flavonoids content was done by planting Iler in the lowlands with the hope that it can increase the secondary metabolites contained to meet the needs of flavonoids obtained from nature.
Methods: This research was conducted in Tegal Gedhe Village, Karanganyar Regency with an altitude of 182 m above sea level with Brown Mediterranean soil types. The study used a completely randomized block design. The treatment used consists of one factor which was four accessions of iler plants. Analysis of iler extract was done using ethanol, while analysis of thin layer chromatography (TLC) used the n-hexane:ethyl acetate (6:4) and analysis of total flavonoid were used the AlCl3 method using a spectrophotometer.
Results: The total extract content of iler plant in this study was not significantly different, which was accession 1 by 4.009% (±0.36), accession 2 by 5.677% (±0.25), accession 3 by 6.892% (±0.83), and accession 4 by 5.913% (±0.57). TLC analysis shows that accession 1 and accession 2 had 8 spots, while accession 3 and accession 4 formed 9 spots. The highest total flavonoid content was found in accession 2 (5.848% [±0.25]).
Conclusion: Accession 2 has a better morphology such as wider leaves characterized by higher source of flavonoids and longer vegetative life than the other three accessions.
INFLUENCE OF P-GLYCOPROTEIN AND CYTOCHROME ISOENZYME-P3A4 ON BIOAVAILABILITY OF ANTICANCER DRUGS WITH CURCUMIN BY IN SITU INTESTINAL PERFUSION IN MALE WISTAR RATS
Authors: MANOJ KANNA NALLA  , SHANKARAIAH PULIGILLA  
Published: October 2019

Objectives: An orally administered anticancer drug has been poor drug absorption; drug resistance and metabolism, which alters the bioavailability of drugs. An in situ intestine perfusion technique is developing under the different perfusion rates in the presence of drug inducers and inhibitors of cytochrome isoenzyme-P (CYP)-3A4 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) for drug concentrations.
Materials and Methods: The modified in situ intestinal perfusion technique was developed and followed to obtain the portal and hepatic venous blood samples paralleled at different perfusion time and flow rates of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mL/min using the imatinib (1 mg/mL) drug alone and in the presence of drug inducer and drug inhibitor for the period of 3 h. The imatinib drug concentrations were assayed using high-pressure liquid chromatography.
Results: The results reveal that the mean imatinib drug concentrations in portal vein were higher than hepatic vein at various perfusion flow rates and time intervals were observed. The area under curve and plasma drug concentrations maximum of imatinib alone absorptions were significantly different between portal and hepatic veins (p<0.05) at the flow rates of 0.5 and 1.0 mL/min and also in the presence of drug inducer and inhibitors that indicating for the considerable hepatic involvement in the presystemic extraction or metabolism of drugs.
Conclusions: The in situ perfusions approach could provide the useful tool for improving the basic understanding of absorption kinetics and hepatic metabolism of drugs in the presence of drug inducers and drug inhibitors (CYP3A4 and P-gp) under the development and facilitating the clinical applications.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-ARTHRITIC POTENTIAL OF FRACTIONS OF ECLIPTA PROSTRATA LINN
Authors: HITESH MALHOTRA  , MANJUSHA CHOUDHARY  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to establish the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic potential of various fractions of Eclipta prostrata Linn.
Methods: The four fractions, i.e., n-butanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-hexane from hydro-alcoholic extract were obtained. First, the fractions were evaluated through in vitro models, and then they were evaluated by in vivo anti-inflammatory model, i.e., carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Further, two active fractions were evaluated for the anti-arthritic activity using formaldehyde induced arthritis model.
Results: The fractions at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg showed an anti-inflammatory activity, but the ethyl acetate and chloroform fraction will show maximum anti-inflammatory potential. Hence, they are further evaluated for anti-arthritic potential where they show significant activity.
Conclusion: From the results, it is concluded that the ethyl acetate and chloroform fraction show significant anti-arthritic activity.
The THERAPEUTIC IMPORTANCE OF GUMS IN FOLK MEDICINE FROM EASTERN GHATS, ANDHRA PRADESH
Authors: VENKATA RATNAM K  , TIRUPATI REDDY G  , VENKATA RAJU RR  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the present study is to collect ethnobotanical information of gums of medicinal plants from Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh.
Methods: Intensive ethnobotanical field trips were conducted in the forests of Eastern Ghats to collect firsthand information on therapeutic importance of gums used in folk medicine.
Results: The present report deals with the therapeutic importance of gums in folk medicine used by local tribes inhabiting in and around the forests of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh. The results of the present study revealed that 21 crude drugs belong to 19 genera and 14 families of higher plants. The critical review of literature on crude drugs with reference to that of Eastern Ghats revealed that 13 crude drugs are hitherto not known to the science. 24 herbal formulations are commonly prepared by the local people to cure 14 human ailments. Out of 21 crude drugs reported in the present study, 10 crude drugs have pharmaceutical importance, namely drug delivery agents (Acacia), disintegrate in tablets (Sterculia), thickeners in oral liquids (Acacia and Mangifera), dilutents, binders, gelling agents in gels (Butea, Neem, and Moringa), and protective colloids in suspensions (Anogeissus) and bases in suppository.
Conclusion: Natural gums of plant origin have multifarious pharmaceutical applications. In view of the potential crude drugs with promising therapeutic properties used by the tribal people, there is a need to take up the phytochemical and pharmacological investigations.
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF CURCUMIN-LOADED SOLID SELF-NANOEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR COLON CARCINOMA
Authors: CHENMALA KARTHIKA  , RAMAN SURESHKUMAR  , AMEER SUHAIL  
Published: October 2019

Objective: Cancer is the deadliest disease affecting the life of the people all around the world. Colon cancer is the cancer which is affecting the colon region it is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract which is mainly responsible for the absorption of water and minerals from the food debris. Colon cancer is the second most cancer creating death in the world. It affects both male and female equally. Curcumin is a flavonoid used from decades for the treatment of various ailments including cancer. This present work is to formulate Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery (SNEDDS) system with the help of curcumin for colon delivery.
Materials and Methods: Nanoemulsion was prepared using the curcumin pre-concentrated self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system, with which tablets were prepared and coated with pectin followed by the evaluation test such as in vitro dissolution and cell line studies.
Results: Solubility profile of curcumin was found with a greater impact using Capmul MCM and Labrafac PG which is then added with the surfactants and co-surfactants and were converted into Nano-droplets. F1 formulation was selected after carrying out the characterisation studies and converted into a tablet dosage form and then coated with pectin, in vitro studies depicted a release of 80% in pH 6.8.
Conclusions: Formulation of a solid self-Nano emulsifying drug delivery system using curcumin was successfully carried out. From the results obtained, the formulation (F1) was selected for the formation of the tablets and the further experimental part is carried out. The tablet dosage form is then coated with pectin and used for targeting the colon cancer cells for its treatment.
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF CHLOROFORM EXTRACT OF GARCINIA CAMBOGIA FRUITS
Authors: PRIYADHARISINI J  
Published: October 2019

Objective: Garcinia cambogia fruit commonly known as Malabar tamarind, belongs to the family Clusiaceae, is said to show varied medicinal effects including antiobesity, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. Hence, the present study deals with the determination of phytochemical constituents present in the chloroform extract of G. cambogia fruits and determination of bioactive compounds using the gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) technique.
Methods: The phytochemical constituents present in the chloroform extract of G. cambogia fruits were tested by qualitative analysis, and bioactive compounds were investigated using the GC-MS technique. The analysis was carried out on a JOEL GC MATERI system with a column packed with a column HP5MS (5% phenyl, methylpolysiloxane) fused capillary column (30 × 0.25 μm ID × 0.25 μm df). The compounds are separated using helium as a carrier gas at a constant flow 1 ml/min. The mass spectra of the known compounds in the fruit extract were matched with the known components stored in the National Institute of Standard and technology library.
Results: The phytochemical test revealed the presence of xanthones, flavonoids, phlobatannins, terpenoids steroids, phenolic compounds saponins, and anthraquinones. The GC-MS analysis provided peaks of 13 different bioactive compounds, namely 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecenol (37.1%), pentadecanoic acid 14-methyl-, methylester (100%), hexadecanoic acid 15 methyl-, methyl ester (100%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (42.6%), docosanoic acid (100%), docosanoic acid methyl ester (37.3%), phenol, 2,4,bis1,1-dimethylethyl) (100%), 9, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (99.2%), 10-octadecenoic acid methylester (100%), 11 eicosenoic acid methyl ester (53.1%), heptadecanoic acid 9 methyl-, methyl ester (100%), eicosenoic acid methyl ester (56.9%), and 5, 12d ethanofuro oxepino[2,3,4-mn] (2,3,4-ed) anthrace2-one 9,12-dilol 6 methyl,2a 3,4,4a,5,6,7,8a‑octahydro (19%) were reported.
Conclusion: The phytochemical investigation and determination of bioactive compounds will be considered for pharmacological activities, and further isolation of individual components would however help to find new drugs.
EFFECT OF EMBLICA OFFICINALIS FRUIT DRY POWER ON BEHAVIOR CHANGES AND ANTIOXIDANT LEVELS: AN IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDY
Authors: UMAMAHESWARI A  , BHUVANESWARI K  , MUTHURAMAN PL  
Published: October 2019

Objective: This study aim was to compare the in vitro antioxidant property of fresh juice and dry powder of Emblica officinalis (EO) by chemical testing and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay and also to observe the in vivo effect of EO fruit dry powder on food intake, body weight, behavior changes, and antioxidant levels in restraint stress rat model.
Methods: In vitro study, EO fresh juice 1% v/v and its dry powder form were analyzed for chemical testing and DPPH assay initially. In the in vivo study, 12 adult male Wistar rats were obtained. Initially, baseline parameters (Body wt, food intake, behavior changes, blood levels of superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde) and control values were assessed. Later 12 animals were divided into two treatment groups (1 and 2) and pre-treatment was given with dry powder of EO at a dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg orally once a day, respectively. Animals from both the groups were restrained for 2 h/day and the same parameters were analyzed at the end of 24 h and 7 days of stress induction.
Results: In vitro study, fresh juice and dry powder preparations of EO were found to be positive for all the four chemical testing. In DPPH assay, dry powder showed better antioxidant activity (97%) than the fresh juice form (57%). In vivo study, significant antioxidant activity was seen at the dose of 500 mg/kg after day 1 and 7 days of stress induction.
Conclusion: Dry powder of EO has brought out the reversal of restraint stress-induced behavioral changes and reduced food intake, body weight, and antioxidant levels.
TRYPANOCIDAL, ANTI-LEISHMANIAL, AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF MUEHLENBECKIA TAMNIFOLIA (KUNTH) MEINS (POLYGONACEAE)
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ A OSCAR E  , TORRENEGRA G RUBÉN D  , POMBO O LUIS M  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity against amastigotes of Leishmania panamensis and epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas), extracts and fractions obtained from leaves and stems of Muehlenbeckia tamnifolia.
Methods: Plant material was collected during the flowering, in the town of La Calera (Cundinamarca), at a height of 2746 m above sea level, 4°43’11”N, 3°58’12”W. Leaves and stems were extracted with light petroleum and then with ethanol. The extracts were fractionated by column chromatography on silica gel with petrol; CH2Cl2, AcOEt, and MeOH. The activity against epimastigotes and cytotoxicity was evaluated by the enzymatic micromethod with MTT. The active extracts against epimastigotes and with low cytotoxicity were also evaluated in trypomastigotes and intracellular amastigotes.
Results: The dichloromethane fraction from leaves and stems of M. tamnifolia showed the highest activity against Leishmania panamensis with an 50% of the effective concentration of 0.006 (μg/ml) and a selectivity index of 4.16. In U937 cells, six of the extracts and fractions tested showed high cytotoxicity, 50 inhibitory concentration <50 μg/ml.
Conclusions: The extracts obtained from leaves and stems of different polarities of M. tamnifolia (Kunth) Meins, revealed a moderate effect against amastigotes of L. panamensis (Leishmaniosis) (low polarity fractions) and a low effect against epimastigotes of T. cruzi (Chagas).
SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NOVEL THIAZOLE-PYRAZOLE INTEGRATED CHALCONES AS ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS
Authors: DNYANESHWAR SIRSAT  , PRADEEP KATE  , MADHUSUDAN BACHUTE  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the present study was to synthesize the thiazole-pyrazole integrated chalcones and their in vitro antioxidant and anti- inflammatory evaluation.
Methods: The designed hybrid thiazole-pyrazole integrated chalcones (3a-j) were synthesized by Claisen–Schmidt reaction of substituted 1-(4-methyl-2-phenylthiazol-5-yl) ethanone and substituted pyrazole aldehyde in the presence of 10% NaOH in ethanol solvent under reflux condition. The chemical structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and high- resolution mass spectra.
Results: All the title compounds were screened for their in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The screening data indicated that tested compounds showed potent antioxidant activity with moderate anti-inflammatory potential.
Conclusion: Antioxidant screening data reveal that most of the synthesized compounds possess excellent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and NO radical scavenging activity. Most of the compounds found to possess marked anti-inflammatory potential by effectively inhibiting the heat-induced albumin denaturation.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SWISS WHITE MICE TO EVALUATE THE ANTIANXIETY EFFECT OF COMMON WILD FIG EXTRACT (FICUS THONNINGII)
Authors: WADIONI ADUEMA 
Published: October 2019

Objective: Since prehistoric times, man has relied on herbal plants as a source of medicine in curing various ailments. This study was carried out to assess the antianxiety-like effect of the ethanol extract of wild fig (Ficus thonningii) in Swiss white (CD-1) mice.
Methods: Thirty Swiss mice were randomly divided into three groups (1–3) (n=10). Group 1 (control) was administered normal rat fed and saline, while Group 2 (low dose) and Group 3 (high dose) were administered 10 mg/kg w/w and 20 mg/kg w/w of the plant extract, respectively. The elevated plus maze was used to assess anxiety-related behaviors.
Results: Data were analyzed using the statistical tools (one-way ANOVA and student t-test). Results revealed anxiety-like behavior in the low- and high-dose-treated mice when compared to the control.
Conclusion: Therefore, administration of F. thonningii reduced an anxiety-like behavior in mice.
The ameliorating effect of uncooked beans diet in CD-1 mice
Authors: Wadioni Aduema Nil , Awka Abgai Johnson , Chris Wariso Akunah 
Published: October 2019

This study was therefore, designed to investigate the ameliorating effect of uncooked beans on pain sensation using three groups of Swiss white mice (control and test) weighing 20g-30g (n=10 each).The control group received normal rodent chow, while the test group received 15g of uncooked beans in 15g of rodent chow per day and serotonin precursor (5HTP) (0.2mg/15g w/w) diet. Water was given adlibitum while daily food and water intake, as well as body weight changes, were monitored during the 30-day study. The formalin tests were used to assess pain sensation. The results showed that in the formalin test, the frequencies and durations of paw licks and paw attention in both phases of the test was significantly lower (P< 0.05) compared to the control group. Therefore, consumption of uncooked Nigeran beans diet decreases pain sensation in mice.Â Â Â
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS THAT INFLUENCES THE STUDENTS DECISION IN CHOOSING PHARMACEUTICAL DIPLOMA III PROGRAM IN BUKITTINGGI THAT IS MEDIATED BY MOTIVATION VARIABLE
Authors: Yonrizon Yonrizon 
Published: October 2019

<p>Competitive competition in the world of education services is influenced by the consequences of higher education that has the ability to compete that can survive and achieve the target set. Currently, the existing college are competing to develop their potential and ability to attract prospective students. Therefore, the college must create a Marketing Mix Services strategy that is the product, prices, location, promotion, people, process, physical evidence, and brand image mediated by motivation.The approach used is the survey, which is the activity of collecting data as much as possible about the facts that are supporters of the research, with a view to know the status, symptoms, determine the similarity of status by comparing with the standards that have been selected and or determined. (Arikunto &amp; Kusyati, 2015). This research was conducted to determine the effect of product, price, location, promotion, people, process, physical evidence, brand image, to student's motivation in making decision to choose college of Pharmacy in Bukittinggi. The result of research shows that product, price, process, brand image, have positive and significant effect to motivation, while location, promotion, person, physical proof have no significant effect to motivation and motivation have positive and significant influence to decision of vote</p><p> </p><p><em>Persaingan kompetitif dalam dunia layanan pendidikan dipengaruhi oleh konsekuensi pendidikan tinggi yang memiliki kemampuan bersaing yang dapat bertahan dan mencapai target yang ditetapkan. Saat ini, perguruan tinggi yang ada bersaing untuk mengembangkan potensi dan kemampuan mereka untuk menarik calon siswa. Oleh karena itu, perguruan tinggi harus membuat strategi Marketing Mix Services yaitu produk, harga, lokasi, promosi, orang, proses, bukti fisik, dan citra merek yang dimediasi oleh motivasi. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah survei, yaitu kegiatan mengumpulkan data sebanyak mungkin tentang fakta-fakta yang menjadi pendukung penelitian, dengan maksud untuk mengetahui status, gejala, menentukan kesamaan status dengan membandingkan dengan standar yang dimiliki telah dipilih dan atau ditentukan. </em><em>(Arikunto &amp; Kusyati, 2015)</em><em>. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh produk, harga, lokasi, promosi, orang, proses, bukti fisik, citra merek, terhadap motivasi siswa dalam mengambil keputusan memilih perguruan tinggi Farmasi di Bukittinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk, harga, proses, citra merek, berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap motivasi, sedangkan lokasi, promosi, orang, bukti fisik tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi dan motivasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pemilihan.</em></p>
PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL AS A MEDIATION, RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPOWERING LEADERSHIP , TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOR, PROACTIVE PERSONALITY TO INDIVIDUAL JOB PERFORMANCE
Authors: Andri Gus Andri , Adawiyah Wiwiek Rabiatul , Purnomo Ratno 
Published: October 2019

<p><span lang="EN-US">This study aims at examine is the moderating role of psychological capital on the relationship, empowering leadership, transformational leadership behavior, and proactive personality toward individual job performance. The samples are 215 respondents using questionaire. The respondents are Minang migrant entrepeneurs in Purwokerto-Central Java. Data analysis using Structural Equation Model (SEM). The result of this study shows that the first hypothesis test, the influence of empowering leadership toward employee’s proactive personality. The second hypothesis test, the influence of transformational leadership behavior toward Employee’s proactive personality. The third hypothesis, the influence of employee’s proactive personality toward psychological capital. Based on Sobel Test, psychological capital mediates the relationship between employee’s proactive personality and individual performance </span></p><p><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US"><em>Tujuan Penelitian ini dilakukan adalah untuk menguji apakah variabel modal psikologis sebagai variabel mediasi mempengaruhi hubungan antara kepemimpinan yang memberdayakan, kepemimpinan transformasional, dan kepribadian proaktif terhadap kinerja individu. Penelitian ini mengambil sampel sebanyak 215 responden dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Responden adalah pengusaha Perantau Minang di Purwokerto-Jawatengah. Fonemena gab yang terjadi kesenjangan kepemimpinan perantau Minang yang tergabung dalam Ikatan keluarga Minang dibandingkan dengan suku lainnya dalam membangun kewirausahaan di Purwokerto-Jawatengah. Permasalaha penelitian yang ditemukan adalah terbatasnya pembahasan modal psikologi kewirausahaan, sehingga faktor yang mendorong individu secara psikologis dan proaktif dalam keberhasilann kinerja semakin rendah.</em> <em>Analisis data menggunakan model persamaan struktural (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hipotesis pertama, adanya pengaruh pemberdayaan kepemimpinan terhadap kepribadian proaktif individu. Hipotesis dua, adanya pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap kepribadian proaktif individu. Hipotesis tiga, adanya pengaruh kepribadian proaktif individu terhadap modal psikologis. Dan pada hipotesis empat, pengaruh modal psikologis memediasi hubungan antara kepribadian proaktif individu dengan kinerja individu, berdasarkan hasil uji sobel, maka nilai </em><em>3,62 Sobel test; p &lt;0.0012).</em></span></p>