bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review On Viscous Fingering Pattern Formation In Lifted Hele- Shaw Cell
Authors: Singh Akhileshwar , Singh Yogesh , Pandey Krishna Murari 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Saffman–Taylor (ST) instability is also called viscous fingering (VF). It arises when the low viscous fluid is invaded into the high viscous fluid ina Hele-Shaw cell (HSC).The application of VF pattern is in oil recovery, hydrology, filtration and tissue engineering. Mainly radial HSC and lifted HSC arrangements are installed for rich variety of VF pattern formation. But In this paper, we consider theoretical and experimental works related to VF in lifted HSC. In the lifted Hele-Shaw cell (HSC), a thin film of high viscous stationary fluid is sandwiched between two circular or rectangular transparent glass plates. One of the glass plates is stationary and other plate is moved linearly to maintaining the linearity between the plates. Due to this action surrounding air (less viscous fluid) enters into the cellthrough the periphery and penetrates inside the high viscous fluid. After that, air fingers appear at the interface of fluids in the cell.
Solution-Processed Amorphous Zinc Oxide Thin Film Transistor Based NAND Gate
Authors: Omprakash S S , Naveen Kumar S K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Herein, we discuss the synthesis and deposition of thin films amorphous zinc oxide (a: ZnO) by custom-designed spray pyrolysis unit for Thin Film Transistor (TFT) application towards NAND gate fabrication. Top gate top contact TFT was fabricated on a glass substrate, a: ZnO as the channel layer, PVA as gate dielectrics material and Al as electrodes. Electrical properties of a: ZnO TFT (W/L = 500/200μm) were probed. The individual transistor with a threshold voltage (Vth = 2.1 V), off and on current (Ioff = order of 10-8A; Ion = 10-3) and Ion / Ioff ratio (order of 105). The linear mobility is calculated and obtained as 3 cm-2/Vs. NAND gate is one of the universal and basic building blocks of a digital circuit. The fabricated NAND gate is subjected to the logic operation in the range of 0 to 10 V was tested. The result implies that it can be utilized for logical circuit operation.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of sintered Al 2024 hybrid MMCs
Authors: Kumaraswamy H S , Vishnu P , Bharath V , Krishna Rao T 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Aluminium 2024 based Boron fibre and Graphite-based particle reinforced Metal matrix composite (MMC) has been produced by Powder metallurgy (P/M) technique. Four different MMC with composition Al 2024 with 4% and 8% wt.% Boron fiber and 1% of Graphite has been prepared. Die has been designed and fabricated with D3 die steel. ANSYS analysis is carried out to ensure safe working of the die. Optical microscope and SEM analysis was carried out to ensure the uniform distribution of particles. XRD analysis is carried to ensure the composition of the reinforcement particles. The compacting of powders has been done at 550 MPa and sintered in electric muffle furnace at 500°C for 90 minutes. Microstructure and SEM analysis is carried out to investigate the distribution of reinforcement on matrix. It has been found that the reinforcement is distributed uniformly in the matrix. Effects of content (wt. %) on the physical and mechanical properties of composites were determined by measuring the density, hardness and Compression strength values. Both theoretical and actual density has been calculated for MMCs. Also, Porosity has determined and it has been found that as the reinforcement addition increases porosity also increases Microhardness carried out for the MMCs. It has been found that addition of Boron fibre as reinforcement Microhardness increased. Compression test was also carried out and it has been concluded the addition of boron fibre has an effect on the compressive strength but addition Graphite does not contribute much to the compressive strength. The MMCs with 8% wt. Boron fibres has highest compressive strength among the prepared MMCs
Design and Analysis of Double End Drive Machine for Automation of Circular Welding Process
Authors: Chavan Mr. Govind , Satpute Dinesh , Mahajan Gokul , Bhavsar Mr. Mikhil , Bhirud Niteen , Wagh Brijeshwar 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Welding is a joining process used to join materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. This is mostly done by melting the work-pieces and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten material that cools to become a strong joint, with pressure sometimes used in association with heat, or by itself, to produce the weld. The present work deals with a live task to design Double End Drive machine a SPM for manufacturing industry. The main aim is to design a machine to automate the circular welding process with the help of automatic drive. We have designed and analyzed various components of Double End drive machine and it is found that the newly designed machine is performing its intended function with expected effectiveness and efficiency. The newly designed machine automates the process of welding thereby reducing the work fatigue, Monotonous work and complexity of the process. The paper presents the details of design and analysis of components as well as pneumatic circuit to automate the welding process.
DFMA and Sustainability Analysis in Product Design
Authors: Antony Kishore M , Arunkumar S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DFMA) is a proven and established technique in product design for minimizing the number of components and time of assembly. This approach is particularly important for automotive industry where the design changes frequently happen. The ultimate aim of DFMA is to reduce the cost and maximize the profit of the company without compromising on the quality of the product. DFMA means design the component or system for the ease of manufacture and assembly. This paper deals about exemplifying the application of DFMA aspects like, re-designing parts and optimize the design to ensure reliability, safety, the minimum number of parts, less time to market and customer satisfaction. This work the emphasizes on exemplifying the implications of DFMA approach on the product design. This is accomplished through few standard case studies. In addition, the DFMA analysis of a component and its impact on environment is also performed. Improvements in the product using DFMA, can lead to significant cost savings and reducing the probability offailures.
Suitability Of Geocomposite Layer For Fly Ash Ponds
Authors: Kommu Suresh , Asadi SS. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
At present main source of energy in India are thermal power plants that run on coal for energy production. An estimated total fly-ash produced as by-product from these electric plants yearly accounts to 100 million tons. Fly ash utilisation has picked up by cement factories and others but still percentage is unsatisfactory. This fly-ash is pumped into the ash pond which with time escapes into the environment at the bottom level or from surface. Thus the hazardous waste is a critical challenge to the environment and water bodies, therefore, must be managed at the earliest. Recent GCL or HDPE bottom lining layers are a suggestive solution for preventing toxic materials from seepage into the surrounding areas.
Microstructural Analysis of CaO-Fe2O3 Heat Treated at Different Temperature
Authors: Pandey Vijay Kumar. , Jatav Sunil Kumar. , Pandel U. , Duchaniya R. K. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In present paper a study has been carried out to analyze the thermophysical properties and microstructural behavior of CaO.Fe2O3.A binary eutectic sample material is taken in the ratio of 22:78 by Wt. % in mixed powder form prepared manually. The sample powder is heat-treated at 950°C, 1050°C, and 1150°C for three hour holding time in programmable furnace. Further, the characterization is done with the help of different characterization technique like DSC, XRD, TGA to analyze its thermophysical properties and microstructural changes. This studies became necessary to analyze and interpret the data collected from prototype material found from nuclear severe accident occurred in the past. As heat transfer phenomena plays the crucial role in nuclear severe accident due to high temperature gradient developed inside the reactor vessel. Hence a non-prototype material is needed to study about heat transfer phenomena and in context of this study the material CaO.Fe2O3 is being considered. This study bears the first stage to validate the given material is simulant material. In the current study, heat absorbed, phase analysis, unit cell volume, melting point, crystallite size, dislocation density, and weight loss have been reported and analyzed.
Mechanical and Tribological Performance of Polymer Composite Materials: A Review
Authors: Sharma Ravi Prakash , Kumar Mukesh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper reviews the effects of various reinforcements with the various thermoplastic polymer matrices. The articles contain the various thermoplastic polymers such as ABS, HDPE, LDPE, PP, PEEK, PC, PA, PI, UHMWPE and PMMA etc. The review contains the evaluation of tribological properties such as sliding wear and coefficient of friction (COF) of polymer matrix composites (PMCs). This review also evaluation of mechanical properties such as tensile strength, compressive strength, young modulus and hardness of polymer matrix composites (PMCs). The thermoplastic polymer composite used in various applications such as automotive industry, food processing machine industry, household appliance, military, structural and aerospace industry etc. The properties of thermoplastic polymer composite are varying with the fabrication techniques of composite.
Interdecadal variability of tropical cyclone genesis frequency in western North Pacific and South Pacific ocean basins
Authors: Shan Kaiyue , Yu Xiping 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Variability of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis frequency in the western North Pacific and South Pacific ocean basins in the interdecadal scale is studied. It is demonstrated that the TC genesis frequency in these ocean basins experienced an abrupt decrease near the end of the 20th century. The decreased occurrence of TC genesis in the two recent decades is mainly located in the low-latitude regions at the eastern side of the two ocean basins. It is also shown that a significant part of the decreased TC genesis occurred during October to December, i.e. the post-peak season in the western North Pacific ocean basin and the pre-peak season in the South Pacific ocean basin. The interdecadal trend of variation in the TC genesis frequency in these adjacent two ocean basins seems to be mainly due to a common mechanism, i.e. the variation in the atmospheric vorticity. In contrast to the decrease in the total TC genesis, the intense typhoon occurrence frequency experienced an interdecadal increase during the same period. This trend for intense typhoons is particularly clear in the western North Pacific ocean basin. The zonal distribution of the increased number in the intense typhoon occurrence shows a similar pattern to the increased value of the sea surface temperature. It is then suggested that the variation in the intense typhoon occurrence frequency in the western North Pacific ocean basin is related to a change in the La Niña-like sea surface warming pattern.
A Direct Comparison Between Poly(vinylidene) Flouride and Polysulfone Flat Sheet Membrane; Characterization and Mechanical Strength
Authors: Febriasari A. , Purnawan I. , Chalid M. , Ismojo I. , Kartohardjono S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Selecting a proper material is the first key step for determining suitable membrane application. Hence, the comparison of membrane properties is urgently required to be conducted. This work aimed to compare two common materials of polymer flat sheet membranes, i.e poly(vinylidene) fluoride (PVDF) and polysulfone (PSf), from preparation to characterization. Phase inversion method was applied for both materials using different solvent. PVDF was dissolved in N, N, dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) whereas PSf was dissolved in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) with the same composition ratio of polymer and solvent. The properties of membranes were investigated by FTIR, FE-SEM, water contact angle, and Universal pull machine. FE-SEM result indicates that PSf membrane has larger pores than PVDF membrane. Meanwhile, water contact angle analysis describes that PVDF membrane is more hydrophilic than PSf membrane.
Analysis of enzymatic extraction of saponin by experiment design methodology
Authors: Chen I-C , Fidela  , Chen M-T , Chung T-W 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Sapindus mukorossi (soapberry) is widely distributed in Taiwan, India, China and Japan. Its fruit contain saponin, which consist of two main part, the aglycone (sapogenin) and the polysaccharides (sugar moiety) which connected through glyosidic linkage. It has many pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, etc. Thus, this plant become one of high added value bioresources for pharmaceutical field. There are many methods to extract saponin. In this experiment, enzyme extraction is used to extract the saponin that known as high efficiency and specify method. Then, we analyzed its by-product, total polysaccharides content and its antioxidant properties through total polyphenol content. With Response Surface Methodology (RSM), we obtained the optimum condition for the best total saponin, total polysaccharides content, and total polyphenol content. Based on RSM analyses, with solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, extraction time of 3 hours, and enzyme concentration of 0.55%, we obtained the total saponin is 115.794 mg/mL, the total polysaccharides is 155.3 mg/mL and total polyphenol content is 1.309 mg/ml.
Laboratory evaluation of curing period for stabilized expansive soil by a new paper/timber industry waste based cementing material
Authors: Ijaz Nauman , Dai Fuchu , Rehman Zia ur , Ijaz Zain , Zahid Muhammad 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In order to minimize the geological disaster triggered by expansive soil, and promote environmentally sustainable utilization of industrial-waste, a new composite cementing material was proposed for the expansive soil stabilization based on paper/timber industry waste. In this article, laboratory evaluation is conducted to establish the effect of curing-period for the stabilized expansive soil with newly proposed composite cementing admixture (CCA) and compared it with lignosulphonate (LS) alone, in perspective of various engineering properties, i.e., volume change behaviour, hydraulic-conductivity and strength parameters. Results showed that the curing-period has a notable impact on the performance of CCA. For the soil stabilized with CCA, swelling potential was completely eradicated after seven days of curing; whereas, the strength parameters exhibited improvement till twenty-eight day of curing with some variation in hydraulic-conductivity. Conversely, LS treated expansive soil remained prone to potential swelling after seven days of curing. Further, LS exhibited an insignificant amelioration of hydraulic-conductivity and strength parameters with the curing-period. Based on the test results, it is concluded that the CCA stabilization method is far superior than LS stabilization. Moreover, based on laboratory evaluation, twenty-eight days of time is recognized as the optimum curing-period for CCA treated soil to achieve better engineering properties.
Development of Shape Memory Natural Rubber through prevulcanisation method
Authors: Yu Yang Kow , Ai Bao Chai , Hou Ho Jee 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article propose a simple method to develop shape memory natural rubber (SMNR) by crosslinking natural rubber latex with fatty acid soap using the prevulcanisation method. By mixing the chemical compounds in the dispersion form, it shorten the fabrication process by reducing the maturation duration. The effect of various crosslink density and fatty acid soap on the SMNR were investigated. To analyse the shape memory behaviours, four types of prevulcanised SMNRs: low crosslink palmitic acid SMNR, high crosslink palmitic acid SMNR, low crosslink stearic acid SMNR and low crosslink pure SMNR were prepared and tested in the strain control mode test under various programming and recovery temperature range. It was found that high crosslink density SMNR exhibit poor shape fixity but possesses shape recovery which is similar to the low crosslink density specimens. It is because crosslink density constrains the growth of strain-induced crystalization during shape programming process. Besides that, the trigger temperature of fatty acid pre-vulcanised SMNR have increased up to their melting temperature of fatty acid. Compared with the shape memory parameters under different temperatures, shape memory effect is highly relying on the temperature of programming process and recovery process.
The Effect of Palmitic Acid Loadings on the Shape Memory Cycle of Shape Memory Natural Rubber
Authors: Yu Yang Kow , Ai Bao Chai , Hou Ho Jee 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article investigates the effect of palmitic acid loadings on the shape memory cycle testing of shape memory natural rubber (SMNR) fabricated via prevulcanisation method. By incorporating the palmitic acid, the strain-induce crystal (SIC) formation between the SMNR molecules possess the ability of demonstating the shape memory effect (SME) above the room tempeature. To analyse the SIC formation on prevulcanised SMNR, the shape memory cycling tests were investigated as a function of palmatic acid loadings under strain control mode. From the observation of TGA results, various palmitic acid contents of SMNR were fabricated under prevulcanisation method but the palmitic acid loading is different from the palmitic acid amount used in the mixing process. Furthermore, it was also found that shape fixity of the SMNR developed can be improved by increasing the palmitic acid loadings but the shape fixity results starts to decline with increasing number of shape memory cycle due to the bleeding of palmatic acid. It indicates that the palmitic acid content has signficant influence on the SIC formation. On the other hand,the specimens still remain the elastic property which reform back to orginal length upon recovery process even after repeatative shape memory test. It is believed that the material properties of SMNR still were dominated by the natural rubber network during the recovery process.
Review of industry 4.0 with focus on products
Authors: Fotouhi N , Sorooshian S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The primary aim of this article is to review industrial revolutions. It reveals that the industry 4.0 interconnected with product designs. This article, by reviewing the existing online information, explains that with the help of industrial revolution, worthy product can be designed and produced. Nowadays, in industry 4.0, people should get design and quality conscious for products. Industry 4.0 will provide better flexibility in product manufacturing and designing with higher quality, lower cost, and/or higher speed. Furthermore, as discussed in this paper, attractions of industry 4.0 are considerable for industrialists. This article will provide a deeper understanding of Industry 4.0 for practitioners and researchers.
Current Situation of Water pollution in Vietnam and Some Recommendations
Authors: Tan Hoi Huynh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The problem of environmental pollution not only directly affects the health and life of people but also affects the offspring and offspring. Over the years, the legal system of environmental protection and environmental management system has been increasingly strengthened, but many aspects still have not met the requirements of reality. Environmental pollution in general and water pollution in particular are becoming more and more serious. The paper addresses the current situation of water pollution in Vietnam based on relevant journal documents. A number of solutions have also been proposed to contribute to making our earth a more livable place.
The strain energy development on subsoil-embankment because of seismic wave direction
Authors: Namdar Abdoullah 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe strain energy is associated with seismic embankment resistance and it needs more examine for understanding types of embankment collapse owing to the morphology of nonlinear deformation occurrence on the subsoil-embankment because of the applied seismic wave at different directions. In this study, a numerical simulation was performed to assess the strain energy function on subsoil-embankment because of the seismic wave in different directions. The seismic wave of three directions separately numerically was applied on the embankment-subsoil model and the strain energy development at each model was compared. This type of embankment seismic design has not been described in the literature by means of ABAQUS, for assessing the embankment seismic failure mechanism. The results reveal that the strain energy morphology associated with the direction of the seismic wave controls the failure mechanism of the subsoil-embankment. The direction seismic wave could be produced strain energy up to 10%, and this strain energy causes the morphology of nonlinear deformation of the model. The founding of this simulation is supportive in understanding a relationship between strain and seismic wave types of embankment collapse.
Magnetic Field Finite Element Analysis of a Novel Diverging Stepped Magnetic Fluid Seal
Authors: Sun Peng , Yang Xiaolong , Hao Fuxiang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In order to improve the anti pressure capability of magnetic fluid seal under the large gap condition, a novel diverging stepped magnetic fluid seal was designed and set the pole teeth on the stepped shaft. The magnetic field distribution in the gap of diverging stepped magnetic fluid seal were numerical simulations by the finite element method of magnetic field. The effects of axial pole teeth number, radial pole number, radial sealing gap height and axial sealing gap on the anti pressure capability of a novel diverging stepped magnetic fluid seal were studied. The results show that the anti pressure capabilities of magnetic fluid seal increase with the increase of axial pole teeth numbers. The anti pressure capabilities of magnetic fluid seal firstly decrease and then increase with the increase of radial pole teeth numbers. The anti pressure capability of magnetic fluid seal firstly decreases and then increase with the increase of radial sealing gap height. The anti pressure capabilities of magnetic fluid seal decrease with the increase of axial sealing gap width.
Finite Element Analysis and Ultrasonic Evaluation of Stresses in Q345 Plates
Authors: Zhu Yuhong , Tan Jidong , Song Cheng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates and demonstrates the nondestructive capability of ultrasonic waves and magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) in stress evaluation of Q345 plates. A 10mm thick Q345 specimen was subject to a concentrated load by a stressing jack, known as three-point bending test. A finite element model of Q345 plate was established to verify the experimental results. The stresses have been measured by three nondestructive evaluation methods including ultrasonic techniques, magnetic Barkhausen noise method and strain gauge method. This paper gives the details of development of ultrasonic longitudinal critically refracted (LCR) wave based technique for stress measurement. The results show great agreement between finite element and three stress measurements which are accomplished nondestructively.