bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Complications of Osteocutaneous Free Flaps in Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Swendseid Brian , Kumar Ayan , Sweeny Larissa , Wax Mark K. , Zhan Tingting , Goldman Richard A. , Krein Howard , Heffelfinger Ryan N. , Luginbuhl Adam J. , Curry Joseph M. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the frequency at which patients with osteocutaneous free flap reconstruction of the head and neck develop long‐term complications and identify predisposing perioperative factors.Study DesignA prospectively maintained database of free flaps performed at a single institution over a 10‐year period was queried.SettingSingle tertiary care referral center.Subjects and MethodsIn total, 250 osseous or osteocutaneous free flaps (OCFFs) for mandibular or maxillary reconstruction were analyzed. Data were collected on demographics, preoperative therapy, resection location, adjuvant treatment, complications, and subsequent surgeries, and multivariate analysis was performed. Subgroup analysis based on perioperative factors was performed.ResultsThe median follow‐up time was 23 months. In 185 patients with at least 6 months of follow‐up, 17.3% had at least 1 long‐term complication, most commonly wound breakdown, fistula or plate extrusion (13.5%), osteoradionecrosis or nonunion (6.5%), and infected hardware (5.9%). Prior chemoradiotherapy and cancer diagnosis predisposed patients to long‐term complications. At the 5‐year follow‐up, 21.7% of patients had experienced a long‐term complication.ConclusionsLong‐term complications after OCFF occurred in 17% of patients. In this series, a preoperative history of chemoradiation and those undergoing maxillary reconstruction were at high risk for the development of long‐term complications and thus warrant diligent follow‐up. However, OCFFs can often enjoy long‐term viability and survival, even in the case of perioperative complications and salvage surgery.
Lactobacilli spp.: real-time evaluation of biofilm growth
Authors: Martinez Stacy , Garcia Jonathan Gomez , Williams Roy , Elmassry Moamen , West Andrew , Hamood Abdul , Hurtado Deborah , Gudenkauf Brent , Ventolini Gary , Schlabritz-Loutsevitch Natalia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundBiofilm is a fundamental bacterial survival mode which proceeds through three main generalized phases: adhesion, maturation, and dispersion.Lactobacillispp. (LB) are critical components of gut and reproductive health and are widely used probiotics. Evaluation of time-dependent mechanisms of biofilm formation is important for understanding of host-microbial interaction and development of therapeutic interventions. Time-dependentLBbiofilm growth was studied in two systems: large biofilm output in continuous flow system (microfermenter (M), Institute Pasteur, France) and electrical impedance-based real time label-free cell analyzer (C) (xCELLigence, ACEA Bioscience Inc., San Diego, CA).L. plantarumbiofilm growth in M system was video-recorded, followed by analyses using IMARIS software (Bitplane, Oxford Instrument Company, Concord, MA, USA). Additionally, whole genome expression and analyses of attached (A) and dispersed (D) biofilm phases at 24 and 48 h were performed.ResultsThe dynamic of biofilm growth ofL. plantarumwas similar in both systems except for D phases. Comparison of the transcriptome of A and D phases revealed, that 121 transcripts differ between two phases at 24 h. and 35 transcripts – at 48 h. of M growth. The main pathways, down-regulated in A compared to D phases after 24 h. were transcriptional regulation, purine nucleotide biosynthesis, and L-aspartate biosynthesis, and the upregulated pathways were fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism as well as ABC transporters and purine nucleotide biosynthesis. FourLBspecies differed in the duration and amplitude of attachment phases, while growth phases were similar.ConclusionLBspp. biofilm growth and propagation area dynamic, time-dependent processes with species-specific and time specific characteristics. The dynamic ofLBbiofilm growth agrees with published pathophysiological data and points out that real time evaluation is an important tool in understanding growth of microbial communities.
Hemoglobin levels and anemia evaluation among pregnant women in the remote and rural high lands of mid-western Nepal: a hospital based study
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Amgain Kapil , Panta Prem Prasad , Pokhrel Bishal 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Anemia though is a major risk factor for unfavorable pregnancy outcomes; no previous studies have yet described the hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and anemia prevalence among pregnant women of remote mid western highlands of Nepal where the aggravating factors that increase the risk of anemia are very common. In addition, the physiological adaptive Hb rise to altitude was considered in the study while evaluating anemia. Thus, our primary objectives were to study the hemoglobin levels and prevalence of anemia among pregnant women of Jumla and its adjoining districts, and to assess the potential associations of hemoglobin and anemia with women’s characteristics.

Methods
The study was conducted in 319 singleton term non-smoker pregnant women who visited to the teaching hospital for delivery. Their blood samples were tested for Hb and related sociodemographic information was collected. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t-test were used to compare the mean Hb levels. Multiple linear regression model and multiple logistic regression model were used to assess the association of Hb level and anemia with pregnant women’s characteristics. The prevalence of anemia was calculated based on the altitude and pregnancy-adjusted Hb cut off value for anemia [{11+ adjustment factor (1.3)} gm./dl].

Results
The overall mean hemoglobin concentration was (13.497 ± 1.64) gm/dl, ranging from 8 to 19.20 g/dl. The pregnant women Hb level showed significant association with their age (Coeff = 0.059; 95% CI: 0.011, 0.106; p = 0.015) and parity (Coeff = − 0.21; 95% CI: − 0.382, − 0.038; p = 0.017). The overall prevalence of anemia in the study population was 17.9% (57/319), which varied with age, parity and ethnicity. The disadvantaged Janajatis were more likely (OR = 4.615, 95% CI: 1.48, 14.35, p = 0.008) to have anemia compared to upper cast group.

Conclusion
The mean Hb concentration was high and prevalence rate of anemia was low among pregnant women in karnali zone compared to average Nepali pregnant women. Women’s age and parity were significant predictors of Hb level. Ethnicity, however, was associated with the occurrence of anemia.
Intention to quit water pipe smoking among Iranian women: a qualitative directed content analysis
Authors: Sabzmakan Leila , Eslami Fatemeh , Sighaldeh Shirin Shahbazi , Izuka Nkeonye Judith 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Water-pipe smoking is the most common type of tobacco used among Iranian women. The aim of this study was to explain women’s perceptions of their intention for quitting water-pipe smoking based on the theory of planned behavior.

Methods
The study was a qualitative content analysis which was carried out over 4 months in 2016 in Tehran-Iran. The participants were 26 women ages 18 to 45-years-old who smoked water-pipe and were selected through snowball sampling. The study was performed in hookah cafes, parks, and homes. The data were collected through individual interviews. The interviews were open-ended questions based on the theory of planned behavior. Directed content analysis was used to analyze the data.

Results
Findings showed that women did not intend to quit water-pipe in that time. Main contributing factors influencing not having intention of cessation were positive attitude and false beliefs toward hookah smoking, as well as having peers and family members who smoked water-pipe or approved its use. Although most females realized the obstacles associated with hookah cessation, they believed that quitting water-pipe smoking was up to them and could control more barriers.

Conclusion
Social pressure, positive attitude and false beliefs towards hookah smoking, as well as external and internal obstacles diminished women ‘s intention for cessation. Therefore, it is recommended to apply the theory of planned behavior into behavior change interventions in order to increase the intention to quit water-pipe smoking.
Urolithin a attenuates IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses and cartilage degradation via inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways in rat articular chondrocytes
Authors: Ding Sheng-long , Pang Zhi-ying , Chen Xue-mei , Li Zheng , Liu Xin-xin , Zhai Qi-lin , Huang Jun-ming , Ruan Zhi-yong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and is one of the most common chronic degenerative joint diseases that causes pain and disability in adults. Urolithin A (UA) has been widely reported for its anti-inflammatory properties in several chronic diseases. However, the effects of UA on OA remain unclear. The aim of the current study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of UA in interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced chondrocytes.

Results
No marked UA cytotoxicity was noted, and UA protected cartilage from damage following IL-1β stimulation in micromasses. Moreover, UA promoted the expression of anabolic factors including Sox-9, Collagen II, and Aggrecan while inhibiting the expression of catabolic factors such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 (ADAMTS-4) in rat chondrocytes. Protective effects of UA were also observed in ex vivo organ culture of articular cartilage. Mechanistically, IL-1β significantly activated and upregulated the expression of p-ERK 1/2, p-JNK, p-P38, and p-P65, while UA protected chondrocytes against IL-1β-induced injury by activating the mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways.

Conclusion
Our results provide the evidence that UA could attenuate IL-1β-induced cell injury in chondrocytes via its anti-inflammatory action. UA may be a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of OA.
You just have to have other models, our DNA is different: the experiences of indigenous people who use illicit drugs and/or alcohol accessing substance use treatment
Authors:   Western Aboriginal Harm Reduction Society, Lavalley Jennifer , Kastor Shelda , Tourangeau Malcolm , Goodman Ashley , Kerr Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesIn Canada, and elsewhere, indigenous peoples who use illicit drugs and/or alcohol (IPWUID/A) commonly experience vulnerability and a disproportionate burden of harm related to substance use. In Vancouver, Canada, there are concerns that inequitable access, retention, and post treatment care within substance use treatment programs may exacerbate these harms. This study sought to understand the policies and practices with the potential to produce inequities and vulnerabilities for IPWUID/A in substance use treatment, situate the vulnerabilities of IPWUID/A in substance use treatment within the context of wider structural vulnerability of IPWUID/A, and generate recommendations for culturally safe treatment options.MethodsThis research employed a qualitative indigenous-led community-based approach using the indigenous methodology of talking circles to explore experiences with substance use treatment. Under the participatory research framework, community researchers led the study design, data collection, and analysis. Talking circles elicited peers’ experiences of substance use treatment and were audio-recorded and transcribed.ResultsThe talking circles identified three key themes that illustrated the experiences of IPWUID/A when accessing substance use treatment: (a) barriers to accessing detox and substance use treatment; (b) incompatible and culturally inappropriate structure, policies, and procedures within treatment programs, such as forced Christianity within treatment settings; and (c) the importance of culturally relevant, peer-led substance use treatment programming.DiscussionOur work demonstrates that some IPWUID/A have limited access to or retention in mainstream treatment due to excessive waiting times, strict rules, and lack of cultural appropriate care while in treatment. However, IPWUID/A narratives revealed strategies that can improve IPWUID/A access and experiences, including those informed by the diverse perspectives of IPWUID/A and those that include trauma-informed and culturally safe practices.
Pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: role of IL-6 in airway epithelial cell dysfunction
Authors: Bequignon Emilie , Mangin David , Bécaud Justine , Pasquier Jennifer , Angely Christelle , Bottier Mathieu , Escudier Estelle , Isabey Daniel , Filoche Marcel , Louis Bruno , Papon Jean-François , Coste André 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by an alteration in airway epithelial cell functions including barrier function, wound repair mechanisms, mucociliary clearance. The mechanisms leading to epithelial cell dysfunction in nasal polyps (NPs) remain poorly understood. Our hypothesis was that among the inflammatory cytokines involved in NPs, IL-6 could alter epithelial repair mechanisms and mucociliary clearance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of IL-6 on epithelial repair mechanisms in a wound repair model and on ciliary beating in primary cultures of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells (HNEC).

Methods
Primary cultures of HNEC taken from 38 patients during surgical procedures for CRSwNP were used in an in vitro model of wound healing. Effects of increasing concentrations of IL-6 (1 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, and 100 ng/mL) and other ILs (IL-5, IL-9, IL-10) on wound closure kinetics were compared to cultures without IL-modulation. After wound closure, the differentiation process was characterized under basal conditions and after IL supplementation using cytokeratin-14, MUC5AC, and βIV tubulin as immunomarkers of basal, mucus, and ciliated cells, respectively. The ciliated edges of primary cultures were analyzed on IL-6 modulation by digital high-speed video-microscopy to measure: ciliary beating frequency (CBF), ciliary length, relative ciliary density, metachronal wavelength and the ciliary beating efficiency index.

Results
Our results showed that: (i) IL-6 accelerated airway wound repair in vitro, with a dose–response effect whereas no effect was observed after other ILs-stimulation. After 24 h, 79% of wounded wells with IL6-100 were fully repaired, vs 46% in the IL6-10 group, 28% in the IL6-1 group and 15% in the control group; (ii) specific migration analyses of closed wound at late repair stage (Day 12) showed IL-6 had the highest migration compared with other ILs (iii) The study of the IL-6 effect on ciliary function showed that CBF and metachronal wave increased but without significant modifications of ciliary density, length of cilia and efficiency index.

Conclusion
The up-regulated epithelial cell proliferation observed in polyps could be induced by IL-6 in the case of prior epithelial damage. IL-6 could be a major cytokine in NP physiopathology.
Exosomal MALAT1 sponges miR-26a/26b to promote the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer via FUT4 enhanced fucosylation and PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Xu Jingchao , Xiao Yang , Liu Bing , Pan Shimeng , Liu Qianqian , Shan Yujia , Li Shuangda , Qi Yu , Huang Yiran , Jia Li 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Exosomes are vesicles of endocytic origin released by various cell types and emerging as important mediators in tumor cells. Human metastases-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a long non-coding RNA known to promote cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods
The expression of MALAT1 was analyzed in CRC using qRT-PCR. FUT4 and fucosylation levels were detected in CRC clinical samples and CRC cell lines by immunofluorescent staining, western blot and lectin blot analysis. CRC derived exosomes were isolated and used to examine their tumor-promoting effects in vitro and in vivo.

Results
The invasive and metastatic abilities of primary CRC cells were enhanced after exposure to exosomes derived from highly metastatic CRC cells, which increased the fucosyltransferase 4 (FUT4) levels and fucosylation not by directly transmitting FUT4 mRNA. Exosomal MALAT1 increased FUT4 expresssion via sponging miR-26a/26b. Furthermore, MALAT1/miR-26a/26b/FUT4 axis played an important role in exosome-mediated CRC progression. Exosomal MALAT1 also mediated FUT4-associated fucosylation and activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Conclusions
These data indicated that exosomal MALAT1 promoted the malignant behavior of CRC cells by sponging miR-26a/26b via regulating FUT4 and activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
Physiology of the Respiratory Drive in ICU Patients: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Jonkman Annemijn H. , de Vries Heder J. , Heunks Leo M. A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2020. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2020. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Microcirculatory dysfunction and dead-space ventilation in early ARDS: a hypothesis-generating observational study
Authors: Ospina-Tascón Gustavo A. , Bautista Diego F. , Madriñán Humberto J. , Valencia Juan D. , Bermúdez William F. , Quiñones Edgardo , Calderón-Tapia Luis Eduardo , Hernandez Glenn , Bruhn Alejandro , De Backer Daniel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundVentilation/perfusion inequalities impair gas exchange in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although increased dead-space ventilation (VD/VT) has been described in ARDS, its mechanism is not clearly understood. We sought to evaluate the relationships between dynamic variations inVD/VTand extra-pulmonary microcirculatory blood flow detected at sublingual mucosa hypothesizing that an altered microcirculation, which is a generalized phenomenon during severe inflammatory conditions, could influence ventilation/perfusion mismatching manifested by increases inVD/VTfraction during early stages of ARDS.MethodsForty-two consecutive patients with early moderate and severe ARDS were included. PEEP was set targeting the best respiratory-system compliance after a PEEP-decremental recruitment maneuver. After 60 min of stabilization, hemodynamics and respiratory mechanics were recorded and blood gases collected.VD/VTwas calculated from the CO2production ($$V_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}$$VCO2) and CO2exhaled fraction ($$F_{{{\text{ECO}}_{2} }}$$FECO2) measurements by volumetric capnography. Sublingual microcirculatory images were simultaneously acquired using a sidestream dark-field device for an ulterior blinded semi-quantitative analysis. All measurements were repeated 24 h after.ResultsPercentage of small vessels perfused (PPV) and microcirculatory flow index (MFI) were inverse and significantly related toVD/VTat baseline (Spearman’s rho = − 0.76 and − 0.63,p < 0.001;R2 = 0.63, and 0.48,p < 0.001, respectively) and 24 h after (Spearman’s rho = − 0.71, and − 0.65;p < 0.001;R2 = 0.66 and 0.60,p < 0.001, respectively). Other respiratory, macro-hemodynamic and oxygenation parameters did not correlate withVD/VT. Variations in PPV between baseline and 24 h were inverse and significantly related to simultaneous changes inVD/VT(Spearman’s rho = − 0.66,p < 0.001;R2 = 0.67,p < 0.001).ConclusionIncreased heterogeneity of microcirculatory blood flow evaluated at sublingual mucosa seems to be related to increases inVD/VT, while respiratory mechanics and oxygenation parameters do not. Whether there is a cause–effect relationship between microcirculatory dysfunction and dead-space ventilation in ARDS should be addressed in future research.
A hybrid Caputo fractional modeling for thermostat with hybrid boundary value conditions
Authors: Baleanu Dumitru , Etemad Sina , Rezapour Shahram 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe provide an extension for the second-order differential equation of a thermostat model to the fractional hybrid equation and inclusion versions. We consider boundary value conditions of this problem in the form of the hybrid conditions. To prove the existence of solutions for our hybrid fractional thermostat equation and inclusion versions, we apply the well-known Dhage fixed point theorems for single-valued and set-valued maps. Finally, we give two examples to illustrate our main results.
Financial integration and total factor productivity: in consideration of different capital controls and foreign direct investment
Authors: Arif-Ur-Rahman Md , Inaba Kazuo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere is a long debate among policymakers and academicians regarding whether assessments of international financial integration have significant growth benefits and whether such benefits compensate for the accompanied risks. Recent financial crisis has revived this debate. The previous empirical studies have not been able to establish conclusive presumed benefits of financial integration for economic growth. This paper attempts to analyze the financial openness and total factor productivity (TFP) growth nexususing dynamic panel regression models for a substantial sample of countries ranging from year 1970 to 2014. Different measures of financial openness are incorporated in the dataset. We find evidence that financial integration is associated with higher TFP growth. A range of integration measures (both de jure and de facto) shows robust association with financial integration and TFP growth. The result also suggests that financial development might reduce the marginal effects of financial integration on TFP growth. This finding, however, appears to be influenced by the recent global economic turmoil and excessive private finance, especially in recent years.
Open resection and reconstruction of a Nasoseptal Chondrosarcoma: Case report and literature review
Authors: Lee Changseok , Forner David , Bullock Martin , Rigby Matthew H. , Corsten Martin , Trites Jonathan R. , Taylor S. Mark 
Published: March 2020

Background Primary chondrosarcomas of the nasal septum are rare, with a variety of clinical features that evade detection and treatment. While endoscopic surgery has become increasingly accessible, open approaches may be needed to provide adequate visualization for tumour ablation and reconstruction. We report the resection and reconstructive considerations of a septal chondrosarcoma. Case presentation A 75-year-old woman presented with a 3-year history of a slow growing, firm mass in the nasal tip causing protrusion and septal fullness. Computed Tomography scan of the paranasal sinuses revealed a well-circumscribed, 2.2 cm mass at the anterior nasal septum extending into the right vestibule. Biopsy of the cartilaginous lesion confirmed the diagnosis of a low-grade chondrosarcoma by histopathology. The tumour was removed using a transcolumellar open rhinoplasty approach with a large septal resection. Primary reconstruction of the surgical defect was performed using an L-shaped strut from the nasal keystone area to the columella. Follow-up examinations demonstrated no evidence of recurrent disease with satisfactory functional and cosmetic outcomes at 1-year. Conclusion This report describes a case of nasal septal chondrosarcoma successfully treated with surgical excision using an open rhinoplasty approach. Only 5–10% of chondrosarcomas are located in the head and neck region and arise rarely in the nasal septum in approximately 2–4%. With this mass, an open rhinoplasty approach was required to allow optimal exposure of the margins and to facilitate reconstruction without disruption of normal sinonasal anatomy and function. Although rare, chondrosarcoma of the nasal septum should be considered in the differential diagnosis of nasal masses.