bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of Lewis Acid Catalysts in Diels‐Alder Reactions between Cyclopentadiene and Methyl Acrylate
Authors: Sakata Ken , Fujimoto Hiroshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Diels‐Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene with methyl acrylate catalyzed by AlCl3 has been theoretically investigated. M06‐2X level DFT calculations have shown that the formation of two C−C bonds is asynchronous in the cycloaddition both in the endo path and in the exo path, thus making a good contrast to the well‐known concept of [4+2] reactions based on the orbital symmetry arguments. It was found that the catalyst facilitates the cycloaddition and brings a higher endo selectivity in the highly asynchronous process, as compared with the reaction of the diene and the dienophile without the catalyst.
The mediating role of depressive and anxiety symptoms in the association between obesity and problematic social media use in young adults
Authors: Jolliff Anna F , Moreno Megan A , D'Angelo Jonathan 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundObesity has been associated with problematic internet use or internet use characterized by impulsivity, dependence, risk taking or impairment. Despite the unique affordances and growing popularity of social media, few studies have investigated obesity in relation to the problematic use of social media in contrast to general internet use.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between obesity and problematic social media use and to test symptoms of anxiety and depression as potential mediators of this relationship.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey was administered to young adults between the ages of 18–25 using the Qualtrics platform. Two mediation models were tested using model 4 of the PROCESS Macro in SPSS.ResultsParticipants (n = 4939) were between the ages of 18–25 (M = 21.74, SD = 2.3). Participants were 50.6% female (n = 2496) and 58.1% White (n = 2871). Reporting obesity was positively associated with reporting increased levels of problematic social media use, B = 1.15, SE B = .32, t(1, 4938) = 3.59, p < .001. The indirect effects in each model from obesity to problematic social media use, through both symptoms of anxiety and depression separately, were significant, B = .14, SE B = .05, confidence interval [0.055, .231] and B = .16, SE B = .07, confidence interval [0.018, .317], respectively.ConclusionsYoung adults who present both with obesity and with symptoms of depression or anxiety are more at risk for problematic social media use. These patients may benefit from education on health‐promoting social media use.
Prevalence trends and individual patterns of antiepileptic drug use in pregnancy 2006‐2016: A study in the five Nordic countries, United States, and Australia
Authors: Cohen Jacqueline M. , Cesta Carolyn E. , Furu Kari , Einarsdóttir Kristjana , Gissler Mika , Havard Alys , Hernandez‐Diaz Sonia , Huybrechts Krista F. , Kieler Helle , Leinonen Maarit K. , Li Jiong , Reutfors Johan , Schaffer Andrea , Selmer Randi , Yu Yongfu , Zoega Helga , Karlstad Øystein 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo describe recent international trends in antiepileptic drug (AED) use during pregnancy and individual patterns of use including discontinuation and switching.MethodsWe studied pregnancies from 2006 to 2016 within linked population‐based registers for births and dispensed prescription drugs from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and New South Wales, Australia and claims data for public and private insurance enrollees in the United States. We examined the prevalence of AED use: the proportion of pregnancies with ≥1 prescription filled from 3 months before pregnancy until birth, and individual patterns of use by trimester.ResultsPrevalence of AED use in almost five million pregnancies was 15.3 per 1000 (n = 75 249) and varied from 6.4 in Sweden to 34.5 per 1000 in the publicly‐insured US population. AED use increased in all countries in 2006‐2012 ranging from an increase of 22% in Australia to 104% in Sweden, and continued to rise or stabilized in the countries in which more recent data were available. Lamotrigine, clonazepam, and valproate were the most commonly used AEDs in the Nordic countries, United States, and Australia, respectively. Among AED users, 31% only filled a prescription in the 3 months before pregnancy. Most filled a prescription in the first trimester (59%) but few filled prescriptions in every trimester (22%).ConclusionsUse of AEDs in pregnancy rose from 2006 to 2016. Trends and patterns of use of valproate and lamotrigine reflected the safety data available during this period. Many women discontinued AEDs during pregnancy while some switched to another AED.
Impact of respiratory viral polymerase chain reaction testing on de‐escalation of antibiotic therapy in children who require chronic positive pressure ventilation
Authors: Beltran Ale Guillermo , Benscoter Dan , Hossain Md Monir , Zhang Yin , Courter Joshua , Thomson Joanna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildren who require chronic positive pressure ventilation (CPPV) are frequently hospitalized with acute respiratory infections. Although respiratory viral testing is often performed, it is unclear how positive results impact antibiotic use. We sought to assess the impact of respiratory viral testing on antibiotic use in hospitalized children on CPPV.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included hospitalized children on CPPV who had respiratory viral polymerase chain reaction (RVP) testing on admission. Primary exposure was a positive RVP result; primary outcome was antibiotic de‐escalation, defined as discontinuation of antibiotics or narrowing of antimicrobial spectra. To determine the independent association of positive RVP and antibiotic de‐escalation, a generalized linear mixed effect model was used to account for within patient clustering and confounders defined a priori (blood and respiratory cultures, leukocytosis, bandemia, chest radiograph findings, aspiration risk, and recent admission).ResultsA total of 200 admissions representing 118 patients were included. A viral pathogen was identified in 46.5% (93/200) of admissions; rhinovirus was most frequently identified (61.5% of positive RVPs). Antibiotic de‐escalation occurred in 33% of admissions (35.5% of RVP‐positive admissions vs 30.8% of RVP‐negative admissions; P = .49). In adjusted analysis, there was no association between positive RVP and antibiotics de‐escalation (adjusted OR: 0.86; 95% confidence interval: 0.32‐2.26).ConclusionThis single center cohort study suggests that respiratory viral testing may not impact antibiotic prescribing for hospitalized children on CPPV. There is need for improved stewardship of both diagnostic testing and antimicrobial use in this population.
Prognostic and clinicopathological value of high expression of TIM‐3 in different cancer types: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Wenbo , Qi Feng , Jiao Ruidi , Zheng Lizhuan , Zhang Yinghao , Hou Donghai , Liu Yi , Kang Zhengjun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis meta‐analysis was performed to clarify the prognostic role of the expression of T‐cell immunoglobulin mucin‐3 (TIM‐3) in different cancer types.MethodsRelated articles were searched from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science up to December 31, 2019. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were utilized to explore their associations. In addition, we conducted subgroup analyses stratified by various factors.ResultsEventually, a total of 33 studies including 4223 patients were enrolled in this study. Results showed that patients with high TIM‐3 expression had shorter overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.37‐2.04) and progression‐free survival (HR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.14‐2.83), but subgroup analyses indicated there were no relationship between TIM‐3 expression and disease‐free survival or recurrence‐free survival. It was reassuring that high TIM‐3 expression may be associated with poor prognosis in osteosarcoma, gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, and lymphoma, while no prognostic significance was detected of TIM‐3 expression in lung cancer, kidney cancer, or breast cancer. Furthermore, we did not find association of TIM‐3 with any clinicopathological parameters.ConclusionsHigh TIM‐3 expression might be a potential biomarker which can be used to predict the poor prognosis of different cancer types, especially osteosarcoma, gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, and lymphoma.
Synthesis of Cinchona Urea Polymers and Their Evaluation as Catalyst in the Asymmetric Reactions
Authors: Abdelkawy Mahmoud A. , Aly El‐Saied A. , El‐Badawi Mahmoud A. , Itsuno Shinichi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChiral polyureas of cinchona alkaloids were synthesized via repetitive Mizoroki‐Heck (MH) coupling reaction. The Pd‐catalyzed polycondensation of cinchona urea dimers 6 and aromatic diiodide 7 afforded the chiral polyureas (P1−P4). The catalytic activity of the chiral polymers was subsequently investigated. The asymmetric Michael addition of ketoesters to nitroolefins was successfully catalyzed by the polymeric organocatalysts (P1−P4) to give the corresponding Michael adducts with high catalytic activities and excellent enantionselectivities (up to >99% ee). The polymeric catalysts were insoluble in commonly used organic solvents. They were easily recovered and reused several times without any loss of the catalytic activity.
Ambient Vibration Analysis on Large Scale Arrays When Lateral Variations Occur in the Subsurface: A Study Case in Switzerland
Authors: Chieppa Dario , Hobiger Manuel , Bergamo Paolo , Fäh Donat 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe ambient vibration analysis is a non-invasive and low-cost technique used in site characterization studies to reconstruct the subsurface velocity structure. Depending on the goal of the research, the investigated depth ranges from tens to hundreds of meters. In this work, we aimed at investigating the deeper contrasts within the crust and in particular down to the sedimentary-rock basement transition located at thousands of meters of depth. To achieve this goal, three seismic arrays with minimum and maximum interstation distances of 7.9 m and 26.8 km were deployed around the village of Schafisheim. Schafisheim is located in the Swiss Molasse Basin, a sedimentary basin stretching from Lake Constance to Lake Geneva with a thickness ranging from 800 to 900 m in the north to 5 km in the south. To compute the multimodal dispersion curves for Rayleigh and Love waves and the Rayleigh wave ellipticity angles, the data were processed using two single-station and three array processing techniques. A preliminary analysis of the inversion results pointed out a good agreement with the fundamental modes of Rayleigh and Love waves used in the inversion and a quite strong disagreement with the higher modes. The impossibility to explain at the same time most of the dispersion curves was interpreted as the co-existence, within the investigated area, of portions of the subsurface with different geophysical properties. The hypothesis was confirmed by the Horizontal-to-Vertical spectral analysis (H/V) which indicated the presence of two distinguished areas. The observation allowed a new interpretation and the identification of the Rayleigh and Love wave fundamental modes and of the S-wave velocity profiles to be reconstructed for each investigated zone. It results in two S-wave velocity profiles with similar velocities down to 15 km deferring only in their shallow portions due to the occurrence of a low velocity zone at a depth of 50–150 m at the centre of the investigated area.
Die neue Strahlenschutzgesetzgebung – Teil 2
Authors: Bohrer Evelyn , Schäfer Stefan B. , Krombach Gabriele A. 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Mit in Kraft treten des neuen Strahlenschutzgesetzes und der neuen Strahlenschutzverordnung in Deutschland ergaben sich viele neue Änderungen für die Radiologie in Bezug auf die alte Strahlenschutzverordnung und Röntgenverordnung.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die wesentlichen Änderungen in der Radiologie in Hinblick auf die Bereiche Anzeige- und Genehmigungsverfahren, Teleradiologie, Früherkennung, Forschung und Radon am Arbeitsplatz wurden zusammengefasst.

Methode
Es wurden die Änderungen von neuem Strahlenschutzgesetz und neuer Strahlenschutzverordnung zur alten Strahlenschutzverordnung und Röntgenverordnung herausgearbeitet. Dabei lag der Schwerpunkt auf Bereichen, die über die Arbeitsabläufe in der klinischen Routine hinausgehen.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Die Anforderungen beim Anzeige- und Genehmigungsverfahren wurden erhöht. So ist hier beispielsweise der Nachweis zu erbringen, dass ein Medizinphysik-Experte hinzugezogen werden kann. Durch Festlegung von Bearbeitungsfristen seitens der zuständigen Behörden können Bearbeitungsverfahren beschleunigt und mehr Planungssicherheit geschaffen werden.
The Regularity of Minima for the Dirichlet Problem on BD
Authors: Gmeineder Franz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe establish that the Dirichlet problem for linear growth functionals on$${\text {BD}}$$BD, the functions of bounded deformation, gives rise to the same unconditional Sobolev and partial$${\text {C}}^{1,\alpha }$$C1,α-regularity theory as presently available for the full gradient Dirichlet problem on$${\text {BV}}$$BV. Functions of bounded deformation play an important role in, for example plasticity, however, byOrnstein’s non-inequality, contain$${\text {BV}}$$BVas a proper subspace. Thus, techniques to establish regularity by full gradient methods for variational problems on BV do not apply here. In particular, applying to all generalised minima (that is, minima of a suitably relaxed problem) despite their non-uniqueness and reaching the ellipticity ranges known from the$${\text {BV}}$$BV-case, this paper extends previous Sobolev regularity results byGmeinederandKristensen(in J Calc Var 58:56, 2019) in an optimal way.
Bellwether Procedures for Monitoring Subnational Variation of All‐cause Perioperative Mortality in Brazil
Authors: Truche Paul , Roa Lina , Citron Isabelle , Caddell Luke , Neto Joao , Reis Matheus , Moore Eileen , Botelho Fabio , Alonso Nivaldo , Watters David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAll‐cause perioperative mortality rate (POMR) is a commonly reported metric to assess surgical quality. Benchmarking POMR remains difficult due to differences in surgical volume and case mix combined with the burden of reporting and leveraging this complex and high‐volume data. We seek to determine whether the pooled and individual procedure POMR of each bellwether (cesarean section, laparotomy, management of open fracture) correlate with state‐level all‐cause POMR in the interest of identifying benchmark procedures that can be used to make standardized regional comparisons of surgical quality.MethodsThe Brazilian National Healthcare Database (DATASUS) was queried to identify unadjusted all‐cause POMR for all patient admissions among public hospitals in Brazil in 2018. Bellwether procedures were identified as any procedure involving laparotomy, cesarean section, or treatment of open long bone fracture and then classified as emergent or elective. The pooled POMR of all bellwether procedures as well as for each individual bellwether procedure was compared with the all‐cause POMR in each of the 26 states, and one federal district and correlations were calculated. Funnel plots were used to compare surgical volume to perioperative mortality for each bellwether procedure.Results4,756,642 surgical procedures were reported to DATASUS in 2018: 237,727 emergent procedures requiring laparotomy, 852,821 emergent cesarean sections, and 210,657 open, long bone fracture repairs. Pooled perioperative mortality for all of the bellwether procedures was correlated with all‐procedure POMR among states (r = 0.77, p < 0.001). POMR for emergency procedures (2.4%) correlated with the all‐procedure (emergent and elective) POMR (1.6%, r = 0.93, p < .001), while POMR for elective procedures (0.4%) did not (p = .247). POMR for emergency laparotomy (4.4%) correlated with all‐procedure POMR (1.6%, r = 0.52, p = .005), as did the POMR for open, long bone fractures (0.8%, r = 0.61, p < .001). POMR for emergency cesarean section (0.05%) did not correlate with all‐procedure POMR (p = 0.400). There was a correlation between surgical volume and emergency laparotomy POMR (r = − 0.53, p = .004), but not for emergency cesarean section or open, long bone fractures POMR.ConclusionProcedure‐specific POMR for laparotomy and open long bone fracture correlates modestly with all‐procedure POMR among Brazilian states which is primarily driven by emergency procedure POMR. Selective reporting of emergency laparotomy and open fracture POMR may be a useful surrogate to guide subnational surgical policy decisions.
Negative Therapiefolgen körperorientierter Gruppenpsychotherapie am Beispiel der Konzentrativen Bewegungstherapie
Authors: Seidler Klaus-Peter , Grützmacher Swantje , Epner Alexandra , Schreiber‑Willnow Karin 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Es liegen bislang keine empirischen Untersuchungen zu negativen Therapiefolgen körperorientierter Psychotherapie vor. Am Beispiel der Konzentrativen Bewegungstherapie (KBT), die in der stationären Psychotherapie als adjuvantes körperorientiertes Gruppenpsychotherapieverfahren etabliert ist, wird untersucht, welche negativen Therapiefolgen Patienten in der (teil-)stationären KBT-Gruppenbehandlung angeben, und wie sich diese im Vergleich zu den Ergebnissen anderer Studien darstellen. Verschiedene Patienten- und Behandlungsmerkmale werden als Einflussgrößen berücksichtigt sowie der Zusammenhang zur Behandlungsbeurteilung durch die Patienten überprüft.

Material und Methoden
Es füllten 251 Patienten die Kurzform des Negative Effects Questionnaire (NEQ), den Fragebogen zu Nebenwirkungen in der Gruppentherapie und unerwünschten Gruppenerfahrungen (NUGE-24) sowie den Therapiebeurteilungsfragebogen für die Konzentrative Bewegungstherapie im Gruppentherapie-Setting (TBF-KBT-G) am Ende ihrer KBT-Gruppenbehandlung aus. Alter und Geschlecht sowie Zahl der Gruppentermine und Art der Behandlungseinrichtung wurden als Kovariablen erfasst. Zum Vergleich wurden die statistischen Kennwerte der Publikationen zum NEQ und NUGE-24 herangezogen.

Ergebnisse
Von mindestens einer negativen Therapiefolge berichteten 59,4 % der Patienten. Die Hälfte von ihnen gab mindestens 2 negative Effekte an, die sich v. a. auf bestimmte Beschwerden als Folgen der Behandlung bezogen. Negative Effekte dadurch, dass die Behandlung in der Gruppe erfolgt, lagen nur in geringem Maß vor und betrafen v. a. das Erleben persönlicher Überforderung. Für die Kovariablen ließen sich nur wenige Effekte ermitteln. Zur Behandlungsbeurteilung ergaben sich mehrere fast ausschließlich negative signifikante Korrelationen.

Schlussfolgerungen
Negative Therapiefolgen sind bei der (teil-)stationären KBT-Gruppenbehandlung wie auch bei anderen Therapieverfahren häufig zu verzeichnen. Es gibt kaum Hinweise auf ein typisches Risikoprofil oder dass diese Form der Behandlung im Vergleich zu anderen Behandlungen eine besondere Belastung darstellt. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit, Patienten klare Informationen über das therapeutische Vorgehen sowie über mögliche negative Effekte selbst bei positivem Behandlungsverlauf zu vermitteln.
Gruppentherapie zu Stabilisierung und Selbstregulation bei posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung (STABILI-T)
Authors: Ehrenthal Johannes C. , Schöckel Anne , Nikendei Christoph , Dinger Ulrike , Schauenburg Henning , Lambert Lena 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Menschen mit der Diagnose einer posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) sind oftmals mit sehr langen Wartezeiten zwischen Diagnose und Beginn einer leitliniengerechten traumafokussierten Behandlung konfrontiert. Um dieser Versorgungslücke zu begegnen, wurde eine Gruppenbehandlung mit 9 Sitzungen konzipiert, die den Fokus auf Stabilisierung und Selbstregulation legt, um entweder eine Traumabearbeitung in einer nachfolgenden Einzeltherapie zu erleichtern oder aber für Menschen mit komplexer PTBS eine zusätzliche Hilfe bei der Behandlung entsprechender Symptome zu ermöglichen.

Methodik
In einer Machbarkeitsstudie mit 5 Patientinnen mit der Diagnose einer PTBS nach DSM-IV wurden die Stimmung vor und nach jeder Sitzung sowie allgemeine und traumaspezifische Symptome vor und nach der Behandlung erfasst. Nach Behandlungsende und in einer Zweimonatskatamnese wurden Daten zu Verlauf und Akzeptanz erhoben.

Ergebnisse
Die Stimmung der Patientinnen hob sich im Verlauf der jeweiligen Sitzungen. Ebenso nahmen die Häufigkeit des selbstberichteten Übens und Anwendens der Übungen zu. Die Methode wurde insgesamt als sehr positiv eingeschätzt. Deskriptiv nahmen die Fähigkeit zur Selbstberuhigung ebenso wie strukturelle Fähigkeiten der Persönlichkeitsfunktion zu sowie Traumasymptomatik, Depressivität, Ängstlichkeit und interpersonelle Probleme ab.

Diskussion
Die Daten geben erste Hinweise auf die Machbarkeit und Akzeptanz einer Gruppenintervention zu Stabilisierung und Selbstregulation bei Frauen mit Traumafolgestörungen. Die Gruppenintervention hat das Potenzial, in der ambulanten Versorgung die Wartezeit auf eine traumafokussierte Einzeltherapie sinnvoll zu nutzen.
Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in vestibular migraine and Menière’s disease: cVEMPs make the difference
Authors: Dlugaiczyk Julia , Habs Maximilian , Dieterich Marianne 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective
Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) have been suggested as biomarkers in the differential diagnosis of Menière’s disease (MD) and vestibular migraine (VM). The aim of this study was to compare the degree of asymmetry for ocular (o) and cervical (c) VEMPs in large cohorts of patients with MD and VM and to follow up the responses.

Study design
Retrospective study in an interdisciplinary tertiary center for vertigo and balance disorders.

Methods
cVEMPs to air-conducted sound and oVEMPs to bone-conducted vibration were recorded in 100 patients with VM and unilateral MD, respectively. Outcome parameters were asymmetry ratios (ARs) of oVEMP n10p15 and cVEMP p13n23 amplitudes, and of the respective latencies (mean ± SD).

Results
The AR of cVEMP p13n23 amplitudes was significantly higher for MD (0.43 ± 0.34) than for VM (0.26 ± 0.24; adjusted p = 0.0002). MD—but not VM—patients displayed a higher AR for cVEMP than for oVEMP amplitudes (MD 0.43 ± 0.34 versus 0.23 ± 0.22, p < 0.0001; VM 0.26 ± 0.14 versus 0.19 ± 0.15, p = 0.11). Monitoring of VEMPs in single patients indicated stable or fluctuating amplitude ARs in VM, while ARs in MD appeared to increase or remain stable over time. No differences were observed for latency ARs between MD and VM.

Conclusions
These results are in line with (1) a more common saccular than utricular dysfunction in MD and (2) a more permanent loss of otolith function in MD versus VM. The different patterns of o- and cVEMP responses, in particular their longitudinal assessment, might add to the differential diagnosis between MD and VM.