bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phraseme zu Haus und Hof in der deutschen Sprachgeschichte
Authors: Bettina Bock , Kristina Manerowa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCultural and social change goes hand in hand with linguistic change, especially in the form of semantic change, but also as phraseological change. The following questions are addressed in this article: What happens to phrasemes when a fixed component of them is undergoing semantic change? And what happens when the meaning of a phraseme as a whole changes? Which connections between cultural-social and phraseological change become visible? Using German phrasemes from the semantic field “home” as an example, seven possible cases of the connection between semantic and phraseological change are examined:The components of a phraseme and the phraseme as a whole do not change in essential areas of their semantics and prototypicalityA component of a phraseme changes its meaning regarding one or more prototypical features, but the phraseme as a whole retains its meaningA component of a phraseme changes its meaning prototypically and the phraseme gains a new overall meaningThe components of a phraseme do not change with respect to their prototypicality, but the phraseme as a whole doesA phraseme dies out, although the components surviveA component dies out, but the phraseme itself lives onOne component changes and the phraseme dies out.Methodologically, the etymology of semantic fields and linguoculturology also play a role in the examination. The semantic field “home” offers itself for the analysis in a special way, as the home has been a central element of human life through the ages, which on the one hand shows a great stability as a concept, but on the other hand is exposed to innovations again and again. Accordingly, the examples cover the entire period of German language history from Old High German to evidences from the 21st century.
Segmental orifice plates and the emulation of the 90°-bend
Authors: Straka Martin , Koglin Christian , Eichler Thomas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe 90 ° - bend represents the most common structural element in piping systems and can have a significant impact on the measuring accuracy of flow meters installed downstream. Within the type-approval procedure of water meters, its impact is emulated by means of a segmental orifice plate with a segment area of 7 % (SOP7). In research and development, coverage rates of 33 % (SOP33) or more are sometimes used as an alternative. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the comparability of the flow conditions and their influence on the measurement deviation of flow meters, which is the basic requirement for using SOPs as a substitute for the 90°- bend. We present laser Doppler measurements downstream of an SOP33 and a 90°- bend and describe the flow development in a distance range from 2 to 30 diameters. Besides a quantitative comparison with performance indicators, the measurements are used to model the response of an ultrasonic and electromagnetic flow meter, including recent investigations of an SOP7. The results demonstrate the consistently poor agreement between the SOP7 and the 90°- bend, whereas the SOP33 provides similar flow conditions starting at a distance of 10 diameters. Further studies are necessary to develop a disturbance generator emulating the near-field range.
„Eine irreführende Parallele“
Authors: Majetschak Stefan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
“A Misleading Parallel”. Wittgenstein on Conceptual Confusion in Psychology and the Semantics of Psychological Concepts. After the Philosophical Investigations, except for details, were largely finished in 1945, Wittgenstein, in his final years, undertook an intensive study of the grammar of our psychological concepts and the philosophical misinterpretations we often assign to them. Anyone looking through these extensive collections of philosophical remarks will probably quite often find it difficult to understand which questions Wittgenstein was addressing with individual remarks or groups of remarks and where the philosophical problems lay for which he was trying to find a solution, whether therapeutic or otherwise appropriate.
In the article at hand I do not claim to fathom the full range of Wittgenstein’s thoughts on the philosophy of psychology even in the most general way. Rather it is my intention to shed some light on a diagnosis which he made for the psychology of his time. In part 1 of this paper I would like to provide a brief sketch of what Wittgenstein considered to be the conceptual confusion prevalent in psychology and to suggest why he did not expect the methods of an experimental (natural) science to be successful in solving the problems that concern us in psychology. In part 2 I’ll attempt to analyze how psychological concepts, according to Wittgenstein, might be construed in order to avoid any type of conceptual confusion.
Nicht einmal ein Etwas
Authors: Mühlhölzer Felix 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Not Even a Something. If one exclaims that a pain is not a Nothing, what one means is that one feels it and that, when felt, it is simply there. Why shouldn’t one then also say, contrary to PI 293 & 304, that it is ‘a Something’? One has to admit, however, that, as felt, it is only momentarily there, and when I ask whether the pain that I feel now is the same as the pain I felt earlier, I realize that for me there are no objective criteria of sameness: for me, what counts as the same is what appears to be the same. In the sparse privacy-scenario of PI 258 this talking about ‘sameness’ is totally empty, and so also our talking about ‘pain’, ‘sensation’, and so on, quite generally. In our public language, however, the situation is different, because there our use of a word like “pain” and our talking about the sameness of our own pains is embedded in our intersubjectively assessable speaking about pains. Nevertheless, also in this familiar case Wittgenstein’s statement near the end of PI 258 persists, at least under normal circumstances, and is accepted with regard to my own pain: “whatever is going to seem correct to me is correct”. But now, as part of our normal way of speaking, to claim this correctness is not empty. At the same time, however, it is not justified in a substantial way. With assertions like “I am in pain” or like “This is the same pain as earlier” the language-game does not end, as Wittgenstein says; it begins with them. This view, expressed in PI 290, can appear outrageous and may lead to the reaction, scrutinized in the beetle-paragraph PI 293, that everyone can tell from her own case that she knows what pain is. To talk in this way involves a grammatical model, “the model of ‘object and name’”, that presumably underlies our reference to our own private objects and according to which our language-game with sensation words would ‘begin’ with the objects. However, by this severing of reference from our use of language, the objects referred to prove to be completely indeterminate. – In the two ways just described, regarding sameness and determinateness, our talk of a ‘Something’ in the case of sensations turns out to be problematic.
„Wenn sie vergeht, dann war es nicht die rechte Liebe.“
Authors: Raatzsch Richard 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
“If it passes, then it was not true love.” On two Remarks by Wittgenstein about Love. Wittgenstein’s Nachlass does not contain many philosophical remarks on love. Yet, the ones it does contain can be made fruitful for the long-lasting philosophical debate on love’s nature. This text, however, focuses on just two of these remarks, preparing their discussion extensively by sketching part of the philosophical background against which their points become visible.
Projection-Specific Potentiation of Ventral Pallidal Glutamatergic Outputs after Abstinence from Cocaine
Authors: Levi Liran A. , Inbar Kineret , Nachshon Noa , Bernat Nimrod , Gatterer Ava , Inbar Dorrit , Kupchik Yonatan M. 
Published: December 2019

The ventral pallidum (VP) is a central node in the reward system that is strongly implicated in reward and addiction. Although the majority of VP neurons are GABAergic and encode reward, recent studies revealed a novel glutamatergic neuronal population in the VP [VP neurons expressing the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VPVGluT2)], whose activation generates aversion. Withdrawal from drugs has been shown to induce drastic synaptic changes in neuronal populations associated with reward, such as the ventral tegmental area (VTA) or nucleus accumbens neurons, but less is known about cocaine-induced synaptic changes in neurons classically linked with aversion. Here, we demonstrate that VPVGluT2neurons contact different targets with different intensities, and that cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP) training followed by abstinence selectively potentiates their synapses on targets that encode aversion. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings combined with optogenetics in male and female transgenic mice, we show that VPVGluT2neurons preferentially contact aversion-related neurons, such as lateral habenula neurons and VTA GABAergic neurons, with minor input to reward-related neurons, such as VTA dopamine and VP GABA neurons. Moreover, after cocaine CPP and abstinence, the VPVGluT2input to the aversion-related structures is potentiated, whereas the input to the reward-related structures is depressed. Thus, cocaine CPP followed by abstinence may allow VPVGluT2neurons to recruit aversion-related targets more readily and therefore be part of the mechanism underlying the aversive symptoms seen after withdrawal.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe biggest problem in drug addiction is the high propensity to relapse. One central driver for relapse events is the negative aversive symptoms experienced by addicts during withdrawal. In this work, we propose a possible mechanism for the intensification of aversive feelings after withdrawal that involves the glutamatergic neurons of the ventral pallidum. We show not only that these neurons are most strongly connected to aversive targets, such as the lateral habenula, but also that, after abstinence, their synapses on aversive targets are strengthened, whereas the synapses on other rewarding targets are weakened. These data illustrate how after abstinence from cocaine, aversive pathways change in a manner that may contribute to relapse.
Arginine methylation‐dependent LSD1 stability promotes invasion and metastasis of breast cancer
Authors: Liu Jiwei , Feng Jingxin , Li Lili , Lin Luyao , Ji Jiafei , Lin Cong , Liu Lingxia , Zhang Na , Duan Dandan , Li Zhongwei , Huang Baiqu , Zhang Yu , Lu Jun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHistone lysine demethylase 1 (LSD1), the first identified histone demethylase, is overexpressed in multiple tumor types, including breast cancer. However, the mechanisms that cause LSD1 dysregulation in breast cancer remain largely unclear. Here, we report that protein arginine methyltransferase 4 (PRMT4 or CARM1) dimethylates LSD1 at R838, which promotes the binding of the deubiquitinase USP7, resulting in the deubiquitination and stabilization of LSD1. Moreover, CARM1‐ and USP7‐dependent LSD1 stabilization plays a key role in repressing E‐cadherin and activating vimentin transcription through promoter H3K4me2 and H3K9me2 demethylation, respectively, which promotes invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Consistently, LSD1 arginine methylation levels correlate with tumor grade in human malignant breast carcinoma samples. Our findings unveil a unique mechanism controlling LSD1 stability by arginine methylation, also highlighting the role of the CARM1‐USP7‐LSD1 axis in breast cancer progression.
Los servicios sanitarios públicos: escenario de una subversión cotidiana de la política heterosexual
Authors: Otárola Guevara Marcela 
Published: December 2019

Los servicios sanitarios, lugares cotidianos e indispensables, son el escenario de una práctica homosexual, denominada cruising, que desafía la política heterosexual materializada en normas que regulan la edificación y legitiman, simultáneamente, la construcción binaria del género asociada a la genitalidad. Como resultado de un seminario doctoral, en el presente ensayo se muestran los resultados de una investigación que recoge las principales directrices nomotéticas costarricenses que tutelan el diseño y levantamiento de los baños. Asimismo, se acopian testimonios de hombres quienes, de cara a la praxis y retórica heteronormativa, se apropian de estos espacios para subvertir su connotación y, así, desmantelar su función como deponente del género.
Die Neustimmung der Kreditkartenzahlung und die Reichweite der Haftung des Acquirers beim Kreditkartenmissbrauch
Authors: Herresthal Carsten 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die Vertragsstruktur bei der Kreditkartenzahlung wird mittlerweile weit überwiegend durch ein Vier- bzw. Fünf-Parteien-System geprägt. Zwischen die Kreditkartenorganisation und die Vertragsunternehmen tritt der sog. Acquirer. Diese veränderte Marktstruktur, die Rückbindung der Vertragstypenbestimmung an die in der Praxis aktuell verwendeten AGB-Klauselwerke sowie die grundlegende Änderung der technischen und rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen der Kreditkartenzahlung gebieten eine rechtliche Neubestimmung der Kreditkartenzahlung, namentlich der Einordnung der Akquisitionsverträge. Als Folge stellt sich auch die Zuweisung des Mißbrauchsrisikos bei der Kreditkartenzahlung abweichend von der bisherigen Rechtslage dar.
Stichtagsbezogene Marktmanipulation durch Investmentfonds am Beispiel des Portfolio Pumpings
Authors: Neurath Daniel 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag behandelt das Phänomen des Portfolio Pumpings, d. h. der Manipulation von Schlusskursen durch Investmentfonds am Ende von Perioden, um auf diesem Wege eine bessere Portfolioperformance zu bestimmten Stichtagen vermelden zu können. Dargestellt werden zunächst die bestehenden ökonomischen Anreize für derartiges Verhalten. Das Portfolio Pumping wird anhand eines Beispiels erläutert und von anderen Formen stichtagsbezogener Praktiken abgegrenzt. Beleuchtet werden auch die Erkenntnisse der empirisch-ökonomischen Forschung auf diesem Gebiet. Sodann wird das Phänomen des Portfolio Pumpings im Lichte des europäischen Verbots der Marktmanipulation nach Art. 12, 15 MAR untersucht.
Folgenbeseitigungsansprüche aus § 8 UWG? – Eine kritische Betrachtung
Authors: Osburg Clemens 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
In Zeiten anhaltender Negativzinsen ist das Erwirtschaften von Entgelten für die Kreditinstitute weiterhin von wirtschaftlicher Bedeutung. Gleichwohl wird zurzeit rechtspolitisch und dem folgend durch einige gerichtliche Entscheidungen anhand des Beseitigungsanspruchs aus § 8 UWG ein zweifelhaftes Instrument des kollektiven Rechtsschutzes gegen unwirksame Entgeltklauseln entwickelt. Jene Klauseln stehen schon länger im Blickpunkt der Rechtsprechung – hinsichtlich ihrer Rechtmäßigkeit in AGB-Bestimmungen hat der BGH ein ausdifferenziertes Prüfprogramm entwickelt. Sowohl das OLG Dresden als auch die Vorinstanz haben nun auf Grundlage von § 8 Abs. 1 Satz 1 UWG einen Folgenbeseitigungsanspruch bejaht, der das beklagte Institut verpflichtet, unrechtmäßig vereinnahmte Entgelte an die betroffenen Verbraucher zurückzuzahlen.
Inwieweit dieser Folgenbeseitigungsanspruch mit dem geltenden Recht vereinbar ist und welche Voraussetzungen und Inhalt ihm zugrunde liegen, soll Schwerpunkt dieses Beitrags sein. Dabei soll insbesondere die nun erstmals zugesprochene Rückzahlung erhobener Entgelte an die betroffenen Verbraucher beleuchtet und kritisch hinterfragt werden.
The influence of GSTT/GSTM null genotypes in scarring
Authors: Ilieș Roxana Flavia , Cătană Andreea , Popp Radu , Aioanei Casian Simon , Halmagyi Salomea-Ruth , Lukacs Istvan , Tokes Reka-Eniko , Rotar Ioana Cristina , Pop Ioan Victor 
Published: December 2019

Background and aims. The process of scarring is a common denominator of interest for the medical field. From general medicine to dentistry, pathological scar tissue represents a challenge in providing optimal care to a patient. The present study aims to investigate whether a systemically reduced antioxidant potential, revealed by null isoforms of glutathione S transferase, affects the process of scarring in a group of female patients.
Methods. The study is based on a group of 54 patients with physiological scars after a 6-month observation period, as well as 18 patients with hypertrophic or atrophic scars. Peripheral venous blood was collected, from which DNA was extracted using a commercial kit. Genotyping followed a Multiplex PCR protocol for GSTT1/GSTM1.
Results. In a dominant model, the combination of wild type (heterozygous or homozygous) GSTT1 and GSTM1 was negatively associated with pathological scarring, with the wild type (heterozygous or homozygous) GSTM1 genotype being potentially responsible for this effect. Other factors affecting pathological scarring were investigated: family history, phototype, as well as scores on the POSAS and SCAR scales.
Conclusions. The presence of GSTT1 and GSTM1 alleles brings forward an increased antioxidant capacity, serving as a protective factor for patients during scar formation.
Esthetic aspects in implant-prosthetic rehabilitation
Authors: Forna Norina , Agop-Forna Doriana 
Published: December 2019

The esthetic component is critical for the successful outcome and patients’ satisfaction regarding the implant-prosthetic therapy. The esthetic outcome success depends mostly on the optimization of the algorithms specific to the pro-implant and implant stage as well as to the designing and technological execution of the future prosthetic restoration. A proper planning of optimal facial esthetics must involve a multidisciplinary approach with inclusion of periodontists, orthodontists, oral surgeons and implantology specialists. The dental practitioner must consider various factors that influence the esthetic outcome (tooth position, root position of the adjacent teeth, biotype of the periodontium, tooth shape, smile line, implant site anatomy, implant positioning). Also, some factors (anatomical limits of the implant site, periodontal status, occlusal parameters), which can alter the final esthetic result, must be assessed prior to planning the esthetic parameters of the future prosthetic restoration. The esthetic outcome can be improved by using new digital technologies based on software applications for assessment of clinical and biological indices of the prosthetic field, virtual planning of implants positioning and design projection of future prosthetic restoration.
Oral health related quality of life and self-esteem in a general population
Authors: Grecu Alexandru Graţian , Balazsi Robert , Dudea Diana , Mesaroș Anca Ștefania , Strîmbu Maria , Dumitrașcu Dan Lucian 
Published: December 2019

Background and aims. The interest in the research of both Oral Health Related Quality Of Life and dental aesthetics has increased in the recent years. The aim of the current study consists in the evaluation of the perception of oral-health, dental aesthetics and self-esteem in a general population.
Methods. A group of students of the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, were trained in the field of questionnaire interviewing. The students were asked to apply the following questionnaires to a number of maximum five close persons: the OHIP-14Aesthetic questionnaire, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale and a questionnaire evaluating demographic data. Each interviewed subject provided informed consent. The sample included 97 subjects with an age range of 18-75 years. For each of the three applied questionnaires overall scores were computed and used for the calculation of Pearson correlations and inferential statistical procedures: the t-test.
Results. Related to the complete sample (N=97), the highest OHIP-14Aesthetic scores were obtained for the functional limitation (mean score of 2.22), physical pain (mean score of 2.72) and psychological discomfort (mean score of 1.37) subscales. The highest Rosenberg self-esteem scale scores were obtained for the following questions: “I think I am no good at all” (mean score of 3.50), “feel useless at times” (mean score of 3.53), “inclined to feel that I am a failure” (mean score 3.77), “positive attitude toward myself” (mean score of 3.50). Statistically significant correlations were registered between the overall Rosenberg self-esteem scale score and the scores of the following OHIP-14Aesthetic subscales: psychological discomfort (r = -0.201, p = 0.49), physical disability (r = -0.219, p = 0.031), psychological disability (r = -0.218, p = 0.032), social disability (r = -0.203, p = 0.046). The t-test revealed statistically significant gender differences, in regard to the OHIP-14Aesthetic overall score t(95) = -2,820, p = 0.006.
Conclusions. The current study indicates the existence of statistically significant gender differences in the perception of oral health and a series of dental aesthetics elements in a general population. Moreover, statistically significant correlations were obtained between the perception of oral health and the perception of self-esteem.
Correlation of biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance among clinical and soil isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Iraq
Authors: Hassan Pakhshan A. , Khider Adel K. 
Published: December 2019

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that is reported as a major cause of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the biofilm formation by A. baumannii clinical and soil isolates, to display their susceptibility to 11 antibiotics and to study a possible relationship between formation of biofilm and multidrug resistance. During 8 months period, from June 2016 to January 2017, a total of 52 clinical and 22 soil isolates of A. baumannii were collected and identified through conventional phenotypic, chromo agar, biochemical tests, API 20E system, and confirmed genotypically by PCR for blaOXA-51-like gene. Antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was determined by standard disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. The biofilm formation was studied using Congo red agar, test tube, and microtiter plate methods. The clinical isolates were 100% resistance to ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, piperacillin, 96.15% to gentamicin, 96.15% to imipenem, 92.31% to meropenem, and 78.85% to amikacin. The soil A. baumannii isolates were 100% sensitive to imipenem, meropenem, and gentamicin, and 90.1% to ciprofloxacin. All A. baumannii isolates (clinical and soil) were susceptible to polymyxin B. The percentage of biofilm formation in Congo red agar, test tube, and microtiter plate assays was 10.81%, 63.51%, and 86.48%, respectively. More robust biofilm former population was mainly among non-MDR isolates. Isolates with a higher level of resistance tended to form weaker biofilms. The soil isolates exhibited less resistance to antibiotics than clinical isolates. However, the soil isolates produce stronger biofilms than clinical isolates.