bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Validity, Reliability and Internal Consistency of the Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the FIL-DASH (Filipino Version of the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) Questionnaire in Patients with Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injuries
Authors: Estrella Emmanuel P. , Orillaza Nathaniel S. , Castillo-Carandang Nina T. , Cordero Cynthia P. , Juban Noel R. 
Published: November 2019

Background: The objective of this paper was to determine the validity, reliability and internal consistency of the translated FILIPINO DASH (FIL-DASH) questionnaire in patients with traumatic brachial plexus injuries. Methods: Thirty-five adult patients with traumatic brachial plexus injury were enrolled in the validation stage. The same questionnaire was given to the patient between 7 to 14 days for the test-retest reliability. The validated Filipino version of the SF-36 was used as the gold standard to determine the construct validity of the translated DASH. We also compared the DASH score with the SF-36 total and subscale, validated Brief Pain Inventory Severity and Interference Scale and the Visual Acuity Scale (VAS) for Pain. Results: The internal consistency was adequate, with Cronbach’s Alpha for the 30 items of 0.93 and an average inter-item covariance of 0.399. The test-retest reliability was 0.87 (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in establising the validity of the translated DASH against SF-36 total and Subscale, validated Brief Pain Inventory Severity and Interference Scale and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Conclusions: The translated DASH (FIL-DASH) questionnaire was internally consistent and showed no difference in testing for test-retest reliability and validity against functional outcome measures and pain scales validated for adult Filipinos.
Pain in the Post-Operative Week Predicts Pain and Hand Use Twelve Weeks after Proximal Phalangeal Fracture Fixation
Authors: Miller Lauren , Ada Louise , Crosbie Jack , Wajon Anne 
Published: November 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether baseline characteristics predict outcomes twelve weeks after open reduction and internal fixation of proximal phalangeal fracture. Methods: A cohort of patients (n = 48, mean 35 years; SD 11) commencing outpatient rehabilitation within one week of surgery were reviewed. Outcomes of interest were active PIP extension; active total range of motion; pain at rest; comprehensive pain; strength; and hand use (reported difficulty performing specific activities such as turning a door handle, as well as usual activities including housework and recreation) at twelve weeks. Possible predictors included which finger is injured, whether the fracture is intra or extra-articular, whether the dominant or non-dominant hand is injured and/or how much pain is experienced in the first post-operative week. Multiple linear regression was performed to produce a model of the prediction for each outcome of interest at Week 1 (baseline). Results: Results from multivariate linear regression analyses suggest that pain at rest at baseline was significantly predictive of pain at rest (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.06–1.47), p = 0.01), comprehensive pain (OR = 3.18, 95% CI = 1.47–6.84, p = 0.01), and hand use (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.18–4.80, p = 0.02) twelve weeks after open reduction and internal fixation of proximal phalangeal fracture. The turning point on the receiver-operator characteristic curve of false versus true risk (AUC = 0.94, p = 0.04) indicated that at least a score of 4.5 on the 10 cm visual analogue scale for baseline resting pain was needed for significant likelihood of reduced hand use. Which finger was injured, location of fracture and side of injury were not predictive of any outcomes. Conclusions: Moderate to high levels of resting pain in the week following surgery for proximal phalangeal fracture is predictive of pain and hand use at twelve weeks. Moderate to high levels of resting pain should be recognised as unusual, and could be targeted in rehabilitation. Further prospective studies are needed to determine whether early identification and targeted intervention to reduce pain improves outcomes at 12 weeks.
Epigenetic SMAD3 Repression in Tumor-Associated Fibroblasts Impairs Fibrosis and Response to the Antifibrotic Drug Nintedanib in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ikemori Rafael , Gabasa Marta , Duch Paula , Vizoso Miguel , Bragado Paloma , Arshakyan Marselina , Luis Iuliana-Cristiana , Marín Albert , Morán Sebastian , Castro Manuel , Fuster Gemma , Gea-Sorli Sabrina , Jauset Toni , Soucek Laura , Montuenga Luis M. , Esteller Manel , Monsó Eduard , Peinado Victor Ivo , Gascon Pere , Fillat Cristina , Hilberg Frank , Reguart Noemí , Alcaraz Jordi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

The tumor-promoting fibrotic stroma rich in tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAF) is drawing increased therapeutic attention. Intriguingly, a trial with the antifibrotic drug nintedanib in non–small cell lung cancer reported clinical benefits in adenocarcinoma (ADC) but not squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), even though the stroma is fibrotic in both histotypes. Likewise, we reported that nintedanib inhibited the tumor-promoting fibrotic phenotype of TAFs selectively in ADC. Here we show that tumor fibrosis is actually higher in ADC-TAFs than SCC-TAFs in vitro and patient samples. Mechanistically, the reduced fibrosis and nintedanib response of SCC-TAFs was associated with increased promoter methylation of the profibrotic TGFβ transcription factor SMAD3 compared with ADC-TAFs, which elicited a compensatory increase in TGFβ1/SMAD2 activation. Consistently, forcing global DNA demethylation of SCC-TAFs with 5-AZA rescued TGFβ1/SMAD3 activation, whereas genetic downregulation of SMAD3 in ADC-TAFs and control fibroblasts increased TGFβ1/SMAD2 activation, and reduced their fibrotic phenotype and antitumor responses to nintedanib in vitro and in vivo. Our results also support that smoking and/or the anatomic location of SCC in the proximal airways, which are more exposed to cigarette smoke particles, may prime SCC-TAFs to stronger SMAD3 epigenetic repression, because cigarette smoke condensate selectively increased SMAD3 promoter methylation. Our results unveil that the histotype-specific regulation of tumor fibrosis in lung cancer is mediated through differential SMAD3 promoter methylation in TAFs and provide new mechanistic insights on the selective poor response of SCC-TAFs to nintedanib. Moreover, our findings support that patients with ADC may be more responsive to antifibrotic drugs targeting their stromal TGFβ1/SMAD3 activation.

Significance:
This study implicates the selective epigenetic repression of SMAD3 in SCC-TAFs in the clinical failure of nintedanib in SCC and supports that patients with ADC may benefit from antifibrotic drugs targeting stromal TGFβ1/SMAD3.
Serum- and Glucocorticoid-inducible Kinase 1 is Essential for Osteoclastogenesis and Promotes Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Xu Qian , Song Chao , Mi Baoguo , Zhang Honghua , Kang Honglei , Liu Huiyong , Sun Yunlong , Wang Jia , Lei Zhuowei , Guan Hanfeng , Li Feng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Bone metastasis is a severe complication associated with various carcinomas. It causes debilitating pain and pathologic fractures and dramatically impairs patients' quality of life. Drugs aimed at osteoclast formation significantly reduce the incidence of skeletal complications and are currently the standard treatment for patients with bone metastases. Here, we reported that serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) plays a pivotal role in the formation and function of osteoclasts by regulating the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel Orai1. We showed that SGK1 inhibition represses osteoclastogenesis in vitro and prevents bone loss in vivo. Furthermore, we validated the effect of SGK1 on bone metastasis by using an intracardiac injection model in mice. Inhibition of SGK1 resulted in a significant reduction in bone metastasis. Subsequently, the Oncomine and the OncoLnc database were employed to verify the differential expression and the association with clinical outcome of SGK1 gene in patients with breast cancer. Our data mechanistically demonstrated the regulation of the SGK1 in the process of osteoclastogenesis and revealed SGK1 as a valuable target for curing bone metastasis diseases.
Hyaluronidase-ExpressingSalmonellaEffectively Targets Tumor-Associated Hyaluronic Acid in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ebelt Nancy D. , Zuniga Edith , Passi Kevin B. , Sobocinski Lukas J. , Manuel Edwin R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding cancer cells forms a barrier that often limits the ability of chemotherapeutic drugs and cytotoxic immune subsets to penetrate and eliminate tumors. The dense stromal matrix protecting cancer cells, also known as desmoplasia, results from the overproduction of major ECM components such as collagens and hyaluronic acid (HA). Although candidate drugs targeting ECM components have shown promise in increasing penetration of chemotherapeutic agents, severe adverse effects associated with systemic depletion of ECM in peripheral healthy tissues limits their use at higher, more effective doses. Currently, few strategies exist that preferentially degrade ECM in tumor tissue over healthy tissues. In light of this, we have developed an attenuated, tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium (ST) expressing functional bacterial hyaluronidase (bHs-ST), capable of degrading human HA deposited within PDAC tumors. Our data show that bHs-ST (i) targets and colonizes orthotopic human PDAC tumors following systemic administration and (ii) is efficiently induced in vivo to deplete tumor-derived HA, which in turn (iii) significantly increases diffusion of Salmonella typhimurium within desmoplastic tumors. BHs-ST represents a promising new tumor ECM–targeting strategy that may be instrumental in minimizing off-tumor toxicity while maximizing drug delivery into highly desmoplastic tumors.
NME2 Is a Master Suppressor of Apoptosis in Gastric Cancer Cells via Transcriptional Regulation of miR-100 and Other Survival Factors
Authors: Gong Yi , Yang Geng , Wang Qizhi , Wang Yumeng , Zhang Xiaobo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Tumorigenesis is a result of uncontrollable cell proliferation which is regulated by a variety of complex factors including miRNAs. The initiation and progression of cancer are always accompanied by the dysregulation of miRNAs. However, the underlying mechanism of miRNA dysregulation in cancers is still largely unknown. Herein we found that miR-100 was inordinately upregulated in the sera of patients with gastric cancer, indicating that miR-100 might emerge as a biomarker for the clinical diagnosis of cancer. The abnormal expression of miR-100 in gastric cancer cells was mediated by a novel transcription factor NME2 (NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2). Further data revealed that the transcription factor NME2 could promote the transcriptions of antiapoptotic genes including miRNA (i.e., miR-100) and protein-encoding genes (RIPK1, STARD5, and LIMS1) through interacting with RNA polymerase II and RNA polymerase II–associated protein 2 to mediate the phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain at the 5th serine, leading to the suppression of apoptosis of gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. In this context, our study revealed that the transcription factor NME2 is a master suppressor for apoptosis of gastric cancer cells.

Implications:
Our study contributed novel insights into the mechanism involved in the expression regulation of apoptosis-associated genes and provided a potential biomarker of gastric cancer.
Safety of Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Yang Yifeng , Liu Baoqiong , Wu Lingling , Guan Xuan , Luo Yiming , Jiang Changchuan , Gupta Sonali , Huang Zhihua , Everett George 
Published: November 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is an effective treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The safety of intravenous rtPA in patients with thrombocytopenia is unclear. This study sought to evaluate the impact of thrombocytopenia on in-hospital outcomes in patients with AIS who received intravenous thrombolysis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This was a retrospective study using the 2012–2014 National Inpatient Sample (20% stratified sample of US hospitals). The study identified adult patients admitted with AIS who received intravenous rtPA during hospitalization. The identified admissions were stratified into 2 cohorts based on the presence or absence of thrombocytopenia. Multilevel, multivariate regression analysis and propensity matching were performed to evaluate in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and in-hospital complications. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of 101,527 patients admitted for AIS and received intravenous rtPA from 2012 to 2014, 3,520 (3.47%) had thrombocytopenia. In-hospital mortality was 10.8 vs. 6.9% in patients with and without thrombocytopenia in original data, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001. In-hospital length of stay was significantly higher in the thrombocytopenia group (5.9 vs. 8.2 days, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). The differences were significant in both the multivariate regression model and the propensity score matching model. Patients with thrombocytopenia also had a statistically higher incidence of intracranial hemorrhage, postprocedural bleeding, blood transfusion, tracheotomy, and mechanical ventilation. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Thrombocytopenia is associated with higher in-hospital mortality, longer length of stay, a higher incidence of intracranial hemorrhage, postprocedural bleeding, and mechanical ventilation in stroke patients who received intravenous rtPA.
Вплив гіалуронової кислоти на морфологічні особливості грануляційної тканини лапаротомної рани при використанні безперервного обвивного шва
Authors: Morar I. K. , Vlasov V. V. , Bodyaka V. Yu. , Pokhodun K. A. , Chuprovskaya Y. U. 
Published: November 2019

Мета роботи: вивчити в експерименті вплив місцевого застосування гіалуронової кислоти на морфологічні особливості грануляційної тканини лапаротомної рани при зашиванні останньої безперервним обвивним швом.
Матеріали і методи. Проведено експеримент на 108 лабораторних щурах, яким виконано серединну лапаротомію та зведено краї м’язово-апоневротичного шару передньої черевної стінки безперервним обвивним швом. Тваринам основної групи на лінію шва м’язово-апоневротичного шару наносили безбарвний прозорий в’язкий гель гіалуронової кислоти. Забір біологічного матеріалу проводили на 1-шу, 7-му та 14-ту доби після виконання оперативного втручання.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Встановлено, що місцеве застосування гіалуронової кислоти при зашиванні країв м’язово-апоневротичного шару передньої черевної стінки за допомогою безперервного обвивного шва призводить до пригнічення дозрівання грануляційної тканини, оскільки спостерігається вірогідне зниження відсотка фібробластів, плазматичних клітин та зростання лімфоїдних клітин і нейтрофілів, а також питомого об’єму кровоносних судин на 14-ту добу спостереження.
Сравнительная оценка результатов хирургического лечения варикоцеле
Authors: Shamsiev A. M. , Yusupov Sh. A. , Kodirov N. D. 
Published: November 2019

Цель работы: улучшение результатов хирургического лечения варикоцеле путём совершенствования хирургической тактики.
Материалы и методы. В основу исследования включены результаты лечения 376 больных с левосторонней варикоцеле, поступивших в урологическое отделение 2-й клиники Самаркандского государственного медицинского института. В зависимости от способа оперативного вмешательства были выделены 2 группы больных. В 2005–2010 гг. 181 больному произведены общепринятые оперативные вмешательства (операции Иваниссевича или Паломо), которые составили группу сравнения. С 2011 по 2018 г. 195 больным произведены субингвинальные селективные операции (антеградная эндоваскулярная склеротерапия левосторонней тестикулярной вены (ЛТВ) и операция Мармара), которые вошли в основную группу.
Результаты исследований и их обсуждение. По сравнению с 2005–2010 гг. частота послеоперационных осложнений снизилась с 12,7 до 2,6 %, т. е. почти в 5 раз в основной группе. Антеграднаю ангиосклеротерапию ЛТВ больные легче переносят по сравнению с традиционными выполняемыми операциями, и данное оперативное вмешательство является экономически выгодным, поскольку сокращает продолжительность пребывания больных в стационаре по сравнению с другими оперативными вмешательствами.
Re-Situating Utopia
Authors: Nicholson Matthew 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article considers utopian international legal thought. It makes three inter-connected arguments. First, it argues that international law and international legal theory are dominated by a ‘blueprint’ utopianism that presents international law as the means of achieving a better global future. Second, it argues that such blueprintism makes international law into what philosopher Louis Marin describes as a “degenerate utopia” – a fantastical means of trapping thought and practice within contemporary social and political conditions, blocking any possibility that those conditions might be transcended. Third, it argues for an iconoclastic international legal utopianism – Utopia not as a ‘blueprint’ for a better future, operating within the confines of existing social and political reality, but as a means of seeking to negate and exit from that reality – as the only way to maintain the idea that international law offers a path towards a truly better future.
Relationship between metabolic syndrome and acylated/desacylated ghrelin ratio in patients with schizophrenia under olanzapine medication
Authors: Wu Tzu-Hua , Chiu Chih-Chiang , Goh Kah Kheng , Chen Po-Yu , Huang Ming-Chyi , Chen Chun-Hsin , Lu Mong-Liang 
Published: November 2019

Background: Ghrelin is a peptide hormone that mediates glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Acylated ghrelin (AG) and desacylated ghrelin (DAG) are the two main forms of ghrelin, which have opposing roles in energy homeostasis. The AG/DAG ratio has been proposed to be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the general population. This study compared the relationships between MetS and ghrelin parameters in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and under olanzapine monotherapy were recruited. Fasting blood samples were collected for the analyses of metabolic and ghrelin parameters. The serum levels of total ghrelin and AG were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. DAG level was calculated by subtracting the AG level from the total ghrelin level. Results: We recruited 151 subjects with schizophrenia, and classified them into those with MetS ( n = 41) and those without MetS ( n = 110). Subjects with MetS had a significantly higher AG/DAG ratio, as well as lower total ghrelin and DAG levels. There were no sex differences in ghrelin parameters. The AG/DAG ratio was significantly and positively correlated with weight, body mass index, waist circumference, insulin level, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and number of MetS components. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the number of MetS components remained significantly associated with the AG/DAG ratio. Conclusions: Our results revealed that lower AG/DAG ratios were associated with better metabolic profiles in olanzapine-treated patients with schizophrenia. These observations suggest that the balance between AG and DAG plays a crucial role in the metabolic homeostasis among patients with schizophrenia.
The relation between emotion regulation and migraine: A cross-cultural study on the moderating effect of culture
Authors: Wolf Johanna , Danno Daisuke , Takeshima Takao , Vancleef Linda MG , Yoshikawa Hiroo , Gaul Charly 
Published: November 2019

Background Effects of emotion suppression on physical health might be contingent on culture. Existing research on emotion regulation has mainly included western participants. Herewith the question arises, whether this gained expertise is transferable to an Asian culture. Objectives This cross-sectional study evaluated to what extent the regulation of emotions is related to migraine and if the relation between emotion regulation and migraine complaints differs between a Western and an Asian population. Therefore, the main characteristics and symptoms of patients with migraine from both Germany and Japan are compared. Methods 261 Japanese and 347 German headache patients participated in this online study and completed self-report measures of emotion regulation (suppression and reappraisal) and headache complaints. Results Cultural groups did not differ regarding their demographic data, intake of medication and number of days with headache. German participants showed significantly higher levels of anxiety and lower levels of emotion suppression compared to Japanese patients. Emotion regulation is not correlated with headache complaints either in the Japanese or in the German patient group. Conclusion Although group differences were found with respect to anxiety and emotion suppression, subsequent regression analysis revealed these differences were unrelated to headache complaints. As our baseline analysis focused on group means, approaches that examine individual reaction patterns to stress and accompanying sensory stimulus processing may prove to be more fruitful and illuminating.
Machine learning in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: an improved predictive model for short-term disability progression
Authors: Law Marco TK , Traboulsee Anthony L , Li David KB , Carruthers Robert L , Freedman Mark S , Kolind Shannon H , Tam Roger 
Published: November 2019

Background Enhanced prediction of progression in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) could improve clinical trial design. Machine learning (ML) algorithms are methods for training predictive models with minimal human intervention. Objective To evaluate individual and ensemble model performance built using decision tree (DT)-based algorithms compared to logistic regression (LR) and support vector machines (SVMs) for predicting SPMS disability progression. Methods SPMS participants ( n = 485) enrolled in a 2-year placebo-controlled (negative) trial assessing the efficacy of MBP8298 were classified as progressors if a 6-month sustained increase in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (≥1.0 or ≥0.5 for a baseline of ≤5.5 or ≥6.0 respectively) was observed. Variables included EDSS, Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite component scores, T2 lesion volume, brain parenchymal fraction, disease duration, age, and sex. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was the primary outcome for model evaluation. Results Three DT-based models had greater AUCs (61.8%, 60.7%, and 60.2%) than independent and ensemble SVM (52.4% and 51.0%) and LR (49.5% and 51.1%). Conclusion SPMS disability progression was best predicted by non-parametric ML. If confirmed, ML could select those with highest progression risk for inclusion in SPMS trial cohorts and reduce the number of low-risk individuals exposed to experimental therapies.