bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do hair follicles operate as primitive, multifocal kidney‐like excretory (mini‐) organs?
Authors: Carré Jean‐Luc , Suzuki Takahiro , Paus Ralf 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBesides their many other functions, hair shafts (HS) also are a repository for potentially noxious compounds. These are neutralized by their deposition within terminally differentiated, avital epithelial cells (trichocytes) that also facilitate the interaction of potential toxins with melanin, a toxin‐adsorbent biopolymer. Trichocytes are completely extruded via HS shedding during exogen, an actively controlled process. This underappreciated functional property of the human hair follicle (HF) makes it a bona fide excretory (mini‐) organ. Here, we ask whether the ca. 2 million HFs of the human integument operate in part as primitive, spatially dispersed kidney‐like excretory organs. Despite the many obvious differences between kidneys and HFs, this provocative hypothesis is also supported by other underappreciated renal‐follicular similarities such as anatomical parallels between Bowman's capsule and the anagen hair bulb, renal podocytes and HF winged cells ["Fuegelzellen"], and hypoxia‐dependent production of erythropoietin and extensive prostaglandin synthesis by human scalp HFs—just as in the kidney. The proposed kidney‐like excretory function of HFs may have constituted a major selection advantage of mammals during evolution and could be clinically relevant. We explain how the many open questions (eg, how are molecules destined to be excreted by hair shaft entrapment recognized, taken up and deposited into hair matrix cells?) can be tested experimentally. Finally, we explore how the therapeutic targeting of kidney‐like excretory HF functions may usefully complement classical nephrological therapy (dialysis) and ask whether stimulation of intrafollicular erythropoietin synthesis might become exploitable for the benefit of patients with renal anaemia.
Sex differences: Transcriptional signatures of stress exposure in male and female brains
Authors: Brivio Elena , Lopez Juan Pablo , Chen Alon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMore than two‐thirds of patients suffering from stress‐related disorders are women but over two‐thirds of suicide completers are men. These are just some examples of the many sex differences in the prevalence and manifestations of stress‐related disorders, such as major depressive disorder, post‐traumatic stress disorder, and anxiety disorders, which have been extensively documented in clinical research. Nonetheless, the molecular origins of this sex dimorphism are still quite obscure. In response to this lack of knowledge, the NIH recently advocated implementing sex as biological variable in the design of preclinical studies across disciplines. As a result, a newly emerging field within psychiatry is trying to elucidate the molecular causes underlying the clinically described sex dimorphism. Several studies in rodents and humans have already identified many stress‐related genes that are regulated by acute and chronic stress in a sex‐specific fashion. Furthermore, current transcriptomic studies have shown that pathways and networks in male and female individuals are not equally affected by stress exposure. In this review, we give an overview of transcriptional studies designed to understand how sex influences stress‐specific transcriptomic changes in rodent models, as well as human psychiatric patients, highlighting the use of different methodological techniques. Understanding which mechanisms are more affected in males, and which in females, may lead to the identification of sex‐specific mechanisms, their selective contribution to stress susceptibility, and their role in the development of stress‐related psychiatric disorders.
Lymphovascular invasion in early gastric cancer: impact of ancillary D2‐40 and elastin staining on interobserver agreement
Authors: Takada Kazunori , Yoshida Masao , Aizawa Daisuke , Sato Junya , Ono Hiroyuki , Sugino Takashi 
Published: January 2020

AimsLymphatic invasion (LI) and venous invasion (VI) are the strongest risk factors for lymph node metastasis in patients with early gastric cancer, and may predict their prognosis. We aimed to investigate interobserver agreement among pathologists before and after adding ancillary staining for diagnosing LI and VI in this setting.Methods and resultsThis retrospective study included 100 specimens of submucosal invasive gastric cancer from 100 patients treated using endoscopic resection. Three pathologists (expert, intermediate and trainee experience levels) independently evaluated individual LI and VI status using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained slides, and re‐evaluated their decisions by reviewing corresponding D2‐40‐stained and elastin‐stained slides. Interobserver agreement was assessed using κ statistics. With the ancillary D2‐40 staining, there was an improved agreement for LI diagnoses between the expert and intermediate pathologist (H&E κ = 0.78, D2‐40 κ = 0.85) and between the expert and trainee pathologist (H&E κ = 0.37, D2‐40 κ = 0.56). With the ancillary elastin staining, there was an improved agreement for VI diagnoses between the expert and intermediate pathologists (H&E κ = 0.25, elastin κ = 0.63) and between the expert and trainee pathologists (H&E κ = 0.29, elastin κ = 0.45).ConclusionsWith both the ancillary D2‐40 and elastin staining there was an improved interobserver agreement for LI and VI diagnoses, regardless of the pathologist's experience. This ancillary staining may be useful in improving the accuracy of LI and VI diagnoses, helping to improve the risk stratification of early gastric cancer patients.
Profiling consumers based on information use and trust in a developing economy
Authors: Asante‐Addo Collins , Weible Daniela 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the wake of the intense debate about the effect of poultry imports on domestic poultry industries in sub‐Saharan Africa, information campaigns have evolved to encourage the consumption of domestic poultry meat products. Nevertheless, consumers use numerous channels to find information, and thus, the extent to which resources should be allocated to these channels to reach segments of consumers is vital. The purpose of this paper is to identify consumer groups based on use and trust in information sources and then profile the segments using sociodemographic variables, purchase motives, and meat consumption. Face‐to‐face interviews were used to collect data amongst 500 urban consumers in Ghana, which were analysed with factor analysis and two‐step cluster analysis. Results show that consumers frequently use personal sources of information about chicken. Cluster analysis revealed three consumer segments: cautious consumers (18.2%), enthusiastic consumers (53.0%), and optimistic consumers (28.8%). The segments differed significantly regarding the type of information searched for, sociodemographic characteristics, purchase motives, and chicken meat consumption patterns. The findings can aid actors and institutions seeking to increase the consumption of domestic poultry meat in developing targeted communication strategies that suit the characteristics, motivations, and information needs of different consumers.
Radiosensitivity increase in FCV-F9 virus using combined treatments with natural antimicrobials and γ-irradiation
Authors: Gobeil A. , Shankar S. , Lacroix M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Aims
The objective was to evaluate the possible synergistic effect of cranberry juice (CJ) and commercial citrus extract (BS) against FCV-F9 viral titre in vitro in combination with γ-irradiation and to determinate the D10 values and radiosensitivity increase.

Methods and Results
Virus samples were treated with a formulation containing a mixture of BS or CJ. Results showed a D10 of 0·05, 0·42% and 1·34 kGy for the virus treated with the BS, the CJ and the irradiation alone respectively. Concentrations needed to reduce 6 log TCID50 ml−1 of viral titre were BS-0·3%, CJ-2·52% and 8·04 kGy. Irradiation combined with BS-0·01% and CJ-0·1% against FCV-F9 virus showed D10 values of 0·74 and 0·72 kGy, respectively, resulting in a viral radiosensitization of 1·28 and 1·50 for respective treatments.

Conclusion
The higher viral radiosensitization observed after combining γ-irradiation with BS-0·01% and CJ-0·1% indicates that CJ and BS could be used as antiviral agents alone or in combination with γ-irradiation to prevent NoV outbreaks.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Cranberry juice and BS could be used in hurdle approaches in combined treatment with γ-irradiation to assure food safety without a detrimental effect on nutritional value and maintain low processing cost.
Development and psychometric properties of a team formulation measure in intellectual disabilities services
Authors: Ingham Barry , Bentley Alice , Rhodes Jenny , Dagnan Dave 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis article describes the development and use of the Formulation Understanding Measure to evaluate team formulation with staff supporting people with intellectual disabilities.MethodA quantitative design with an opportunistic sample was used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Formulation Understanding Measure (FUM) including pre‐ and post‐administration at case formulation workshops. The measure was developed based upon experience of delivering case formulation workshops and was administered alongside case formulation workshops with 347 staff team members.ResultsThe measure was found to have acceptable psychometric properties with good internal reliability, a single principal component, and associations with training and demographic factors. It was also sensitive to changes resulting from case formulation workshops with the measure showing that staff increased in their understanding of the person with intellectual disability following a formulation workshop.ConclusionsThe FUM will enable routine evaluation of team formulations and further studies in the area.
A longitudinal ethnographic study of hospital staff attitudes and experiences of change in nutrition care
Authors: Ottrey E. , Palermo C. , Huggins C. E. , Porter J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundChange promotes quality in healthcare, yet adopting change can be challenging. Understanding how change in nutrition care is adopted may support better design and implementation of interventions that aim to address inadequate food intake in hospital. The present study followed the process of change in a healthcare organisation, exploring staff attitudes, beliefs and experiences of the implementation of a mealtime intervention.MethodsIn total, 103 h of fieldwork were conducted in this longitudinal ethnographic study over a 4‐month period. Over 170 staff participated, with data captured using observation, interviews and focus groups. Data were analysed using an inductive, thematic approach, informed by implementation theory.ResultsAttitudes and experiences of change in nutrition care are described by three themes: (i) staff recognised the inevitability of change; (ii) staff cooperated with the intervention, recognising potential value in the intervention to support patient care, where increased awareness of their mealtime behaviours supported adopting practice changes; and (iii) some staff were able to reflect on their practice after implementing the intervention, whereas others could not. A model illustrating the interconnectedness of factors influencing implementation emerged from the research, guiding future nutrition care intervention design and supporting change.ConclusionsThe requirement to address the underlying perceptions of staff about the need to change should not be underestimated. Increased efforts to market the change message to specific staff groups and physical behavioural reinforcement strategies are needed. Nutrition care in the future should focus on helping staff feel positive about making practice changes.
Oryza sativa mediator subunit OsMED25 interacts with OsBZR1 to regulate brassinosteroid signaling and plant architecture in rice
Authors: Ren Yuekun , Tian Xiaojie , Li Shuyu , Mei Enyang , He Mingliang , Tang Jiaqi , Xu Min , Li Xiufeng , Wang Zhenyu , Li Chuanyou , Bu Qingyun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBrassinosteroids (BRs) are plant‐specific steroid hormones which regulate plant growth, development, and adaptation. Transcriptional regulation plays key roles in plant hormone signaling. A mediator can serve as a bridge between gene‐specific transcription factors and the RNA polymerase machinery, functioning as an essential component in regulating the transcriptional process. However, whether a mediator is involved in BR signaling is unknown. Here, we discovered that Oryza sativa mediator subunit 25 (OsMED25) is an important regulator of rice BR signaling. Phenotypic analyses showed that the OsMED25‐RNAi and osmed25 mutant presented erect leaves, as observed in BR‐deficient mutants. In addition, the OsMED25‐RNAi and osmed25 mutant exhibited decreased BR sensitivity. Genetic analysis indicated that OsMED25‐RNAi could suppress the enhanced BR signaling phenotype of Osbzr1‐D. Further biochemical analysis showed that OsMED25 interacts with OsBZR1 in vivo, and OsMED25 is enriched on the promoter of OsBZR1 target genes. RNA sequencing analysis indicated that OsMED25 affects the expression of approximately 45% of OsBZR1‐regulated genes and mainly functions as a corepressor of OsBZR1. Together, these findings revealed that OsMED25 regulates rice BR signaling by interacting with OsBZR1 and modulating the expression of OsBZR1 target genes, thus expanding our understanding of the roles of mediators in plant hormone signaling.
The economic effects of big events: Evidence from the great jubilee 2000 in Rome
Authors: Bronzini Raffaello , Mocetti Sauro , Mongardini Matteo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper assesses the short‐ and long‐term economic impact of the 2000 Great Jubilee, the foremost Catholic event occurring every 25 years, on the city of Rome's economy. By applying the synthetic control approach, we find that the value added per capita increases slightly in the short term, whereas in the long term it is not significantly different from what it would have been if Rome had not hosted the Jubilee. However, we do find a significant effect on the employment rate. Consistent with these findings, we document a shift of the local economy toward less productive sectors, such as construction and services requiring lower skills, and an overall productivity loss with respect to the counterfactual scenario. The investment in infrastructure, facilities, and urban refurbishment did not significantly increase housing prices in the long term, with the exception of peripheral residential areas, which experienced an appreciation.
Characterization and pathogenicity of threePhytophthoraspp. recovered from rivers in Bulgaria
Authors: Lyubenova Aneta , Christova Petya , Kostov Kaloyan , Slavov Slavtcho 
Published: January 2020

AbstractManyPhytophthoraspecies are pathogens on fruit trees and may cause destructive diseases. In the current study, we examined sixPhytophthoraisolates recovered from rivers in Bulgaria, representatives of the following three species:Phytophthora chlamydospora,P. pseudocryptogeaandP. syringae. Morphological traits, cardinal temperatures and growth rates of the isolates were described. We found considerable variation in the size of sporangia and significant difference in the mycelial growth rates of the twoP. pseudocryptogeaisolates, along with multiple polymorphic sites in the ITS region of one of them. In the cases of the other twoPhytophthoraspecies, no such differences were found between the isolates. BothP. chlamydosporaisolates had a lower optimum growth temperature compared with the reported in the literature for this species. In pathogenicity tests against leaves and fruits of apple, pear, cherry, apricot and plum, the isolates proved to be capable of causing infections with varying severity.P. chlamydosporashowed to be the most aggressive towards the leaves, whileP. pseudocryptogeaisolates induced the highest percentage of decay on the fruits of all tested tree species, which may suggest partial organ or tissue specificity. The demonstrated infection capacity of the described isolates points out the investigatedPhytophthoraspecies as a potential threat for the orchards in Bulgaria, if favourable conditions are available.
Melatonin‐stimulated exosomes enhance the regenerative potential of chronic kidney disease‐derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells via cellular prion proteins
Authors: Yoon Yeo Min , Lee Jun Hee , Song Keon‐Hyoung , Noh Hyunjin , Lee Sang Hun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is caused by dysfunctional kidneys, which result in complications like cardiovascular diseases. Chronic kidney disease‐induced pathophysiological conditions decrease efficacy of autologous mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)‐based therapy by reducing MSC functionality. To enhance therapeutic potential in patients with CKD, we isolated exosomes derived from melatonin‐treated healthy MSCs (MT exosomes) and assessed the biological functions of MT exosome–treated MSCs isolated from patients with CKD (CKD‐MSCs). Treatment with melatonin increased the expression of cellular prion protein (PrPC) in exosomes isolated from MSCs through the upregulation of miR‐4516. Treatment with MT exosomes protected mitochondrial function, cellular senescence, and proliferative potential of CKD‐MSCs. MT exosomes significantly increased the level of angiogenesis‐associated proteins in CKD‐MSCs. In a murine hindlimb ischemia model with CKD, MT exosome–treated CKD‐MSCs improved functional recovery and vessel repair. These findings elucidate the regenerative potential of MT exosome–treated CKD‐MSCs via the miR‐4516‐PrPC signaling axis. This study suggests that the treatment of CKD‐MSCs with MT exosomes might be a powerful strategy for developing autologous MSC‐based therapeutics for patients with CKD. Furthermore, miR‐4516 and PrPC could be key molecules for enhancing the regenerative potential of MSCs in ischemic diseases.
An exploratory study of the experiences of being both a mental health professional and carer in mental health services in Norway
Authors: Stain Helen J. , Johannessen Jan O. , Joa Inge 
Published: January 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Many carers report feeling unrecognized by professional healthcare teams.

Carers often report difficulty accessing mental health services for relatives.

Carers who are also mental health professionals may experience role conflict as found for General Practitioners.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

Carers who are mental health professionals are often not recognized for their professional knowledge and face similar communication barriers as other carers.

Difficulties for carers who are mental health professionals are concerned with information sharing, decision‐making and continuity of care.

What are the implications for practice?

Opportunity for services to learn from the experiences of mental health professional and carers to develop better communication and shared decision‐making methods for carers

Carers who are mental health professionals should be recognized by services for their dual role (and skills).

Service development opportunity for training in supporting and engaging carers who are mental health professionals

AbstractIntroductionAround 60% of carers of relatives with mental health problems report feeling unrecognized by professional health care, and many report a lack of engagement, shared decision‐making and information sharing. There is a paucity of research examining these issues for carers who are also mental health professionals.AimsThis was an exploratory study to (a) explore the extent of this role among health service staff, (b) gather an indication of the issues faced by carers when interacting with the health system and (c) test the feasibility of conducting research.MethodsMental health professionals in mental health services completed an online survey that assessed the frequency, content and satisfaction of the experiences of carers.ResultsThe sample comprised 453 mental health professionals (74% female), 52% being carers. Half of carers reported having therapist contact, and 25% were satisfied with the contact. Negative experiences were related to Information, Decision‐making and Continuity of care.DiscussionThere was a high frequency of mental health professionals who were carers. The majority were dissatisfied, and this was primarily in relation to communication with services.Implications for practiceImproving information sharing through training of staff and identification of the system barriers is likely to enhance experiences for service users and families.
Colokinetic effect of an insulin‐like peptide 5‐related agonist of the RXFP4 receptor
Authors: Diwakarla Shanti , Bathgate Ross A. D. , Zhang Xiaozhou , Hossain Mohammed Akhter , Furness John B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundInsulin‐like peptide 5 (INSL5) is a hormone stored in colonic enteroendocrine cells that also contain the unrelated hormones, GLP‐1 and PYY. It acts at the relaxin family peptide 4, RXFP4, receptor. RXFP4 is expressed by enteric neurons in the colon, and it has been speculated that INSL5, through its action on enteric neurons, might be involved in the control of colonic contractions. Similar to insulin and relaxin, INSL5 consists of A and B peptide chains linked by three disulfide bonds, two between the chains and one intrinsic to the A chain. Because of its complex structure, it is difficult to synthesize and to prepare peptide analogues to investigate its roles. We have recently developed a potent simplified peptide analogue, INSL5‐A13 (INSL5 analogue 13).MethodsIn the present work, we have investigated the actions of INSL5‐A13 in mice. We investigated the ability of INSL5‐A13 to increase the speed of emptying of a bead from the colon, after expulsion had been slowed by the peripherally restricted opioid agonist, loperamide (1 mg/kg).Key ResultsINSL5‐A13 was a full agonist at the mouse RXFP4 expressed in HEK cells, with an EC50 of ~9 nmol/L. INSL5‐A13 caused an acceleration of colorectal bead propulsion in mice constipated by loperamide in the dose range 0.2 to 60 µg/kg, with an EC50 of ~6 µg/kg in vivo. It also accelerated bead propulsion in untreated mice. Bead expulsion was not accelerated in RXFP4−/− mice.Conclusion and InferencesOur data suggest that RXFP4 agonists could be useful in the treatment of constipation.