bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of grain drying methods on postharvest insect infestation and physicochemical characteristics of maize grain
Authors: Asemu Aynadis Molla , Habtu Nigus Gabbiye , Subramanyam Bhadriraju , Delele Mulugeta Admasu , Kalsa Karta Kaske , Alavi Sajid 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, the storability of maize that dried using a newly designed solar bubble dryer (SBD), solar cabinet dryers (mixed and indirect), and open sun drying at two sample loads—thick layer (21.74 kg/m2) and thin layer (10.87 kg/m2) were evaluated. The dried maize grains were stored in four different farmer houses for 6 months. Storage loss of the grain was recorded over 6 months, at an interval of 2 months. The chemical compositions and germination capacity of dried maize were assessed after drying. The results revealed that significantly lower mean values of total live insect counts, percentage weight loss, percentage of insect‐damaged kernels, and percentage loss of bulk density were recorded in thin layer dried maize across all storage periods. Drying methods posed significant effect on the total live insect count up to 4 months of storage, the lowest number was observed for open sun and solar bubble‐dried grain. Percentage germination was significantly affected by the amount of sample load. The present study showed that drying can slow down insect population development and associated losses during storage. Therefore, SBD can be promoted as part of integrated postharvest handling technique to reduce postharvest loss of maize.Practical ApplicationsPercentage of grain postharvest losses in developing countries is very high. Grain drying and storage are the two most important postharvest activities to control grain loss before and after storage. In this study, storage insect susceptibility of maize grain dried with different types of solar dryers (solar bubble, solar mixed and indirect cabinet, and open sun) is presented. Gains that were dried in thin layer manner were less infested by the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, than thick layer. The physicochemical properties of maize grain were not significantly affected by each of the drying methods. This study will be useful for smallholder farmers and agricultural cooperatives in giving a sustainable and low cost drying technology and showing the optimum drying conditions to reduce grain loss. It will also be helpful for food processing industries to produce safe and high quality products.
Black tea withering moisture detection method based on convolution neural network confidence
Authors: An Ting , Yu Huan , Yang Chongshan , Liang Gaozhen , Chen Jiayou , Hu Zonghua , Hu Bin , Dong Chunwang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDeep learning method was applied to rapidly and nondestructively predict the moisture content in withered leaves. In this study, a withering moisture detection method based on confidence of convolution neural network (CNN) was proposed. The method used data augmentation to preprocess the original image. The prediction results obtained by the CNN model were compared with the results of traditional partial least squares (PLS) and support vector machine regression (SVR) models. The results clarified that the quantitative prediction model of the moisture content in withering leaves based on the confidence of convolutional neural network has the best prediction performance. The performance parameters of the optimal prediction model: correlation coefficient (Rp), root‐mean‐square error of external verification set (RMSEP) and relative standard deviation (RPD) are 0.9957, 0.0059, and 9.5781, respectively. Compared with traditional linear PLS and nonlinear SVR algorithms, deep learning method can better characterize the correlation between images and moisture. The moisture‐related information in the image can be extracted to a greater degree by the convolution kernel of the convolutional neural network. The model has better generalization, which can rapidly and nondestructively predict the moisture content in withered leaves.Practical applicationsCNN is increasingly used in food technology. This study solves the problem that the withered leaves moisture content cannot be quantitatively predicted based on the confidence of the proposed CNN. Compared with traditional machine vision methods, our proposed CNN model can retain more original information in addition to the color and texture features of withered leaves. And it can quickly and accurately judge the moisture content without destroying the tissue components of the withered leaves. This study is of great significance to the intelligence of black tea processing equipment. Simultaneously, the proposed model based on deep learning provides a new idea for the intelligent detection of black tea withering process.
Racial Disparities Exist in Outcomes After Major Fragility Fractures
Authors: Wright Nicole C. , Chen Ligong , Saag Kenneth G. , Brown Cynthia J. , Shikany James M. , Curtis Jeffrey R. 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUNDFractures associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) are associated with pain, disability, and increased mortality. A recent, nationwide evaluation of racial difference in outcomes after fracture has not been performed.OBJECTIVETo determine if 1‐year death, debility, and destitution rates differ by race.DESIGNObservational cohort study.SETTINGUS Medicare data from 2010 to 2016.PARTICIPANTSNon‐Hispanic black and white women with PMO who have sustained a fragility fracture of interest: hip, pelvis, femur, radius, ulna, humerus, and clinical vertebral.MEASUREMENTSOutcomes included 1‐year: (1) mortality, identified by date of death in Medicare vital status information, (2) debility, identified as new placement in long‐term nursing facilities, and (3) destitution, identified as becoming newly eligible for Medicaid.RESULTSAmong black and white women with PMO (n = 4,523,112), we identified 399,000 (8.8%) women who sustained a major fragility fracture. Black women had a higher prevalence of femur (9.0% vs 3.9%; P < .001) and hip (30.7% vs 28.0%; P < .001) fractures and lower prevalence of radius/ulna (14.7% vs 17.0%; P < .001) and clinical vertebral fractures (28.8% vs 33.5%; P < .001) compared with white women. We observed racial differences in the incidence of 1‐year outcomes after fracture. After adjusting for age, black women had significantly higher risk of mortality 1 year after femur, hip, humerus, and radius/ulna fractures; significantly higher risk of debility 1 year after femur and hip fractures; and significantly higher risk of destitution for all fractures types.CONCLUSIONSIn a sample of Medicare data from 2010 to 2016, black women with PMO had significantly higher rates of mortality, debility, and destitution after fracture than white women. These findings are a first step toward understanding and reducing disparities in PMO management, fracture prevention, and clinical outcomes after fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1803‐1810, 2020.
Is packaging affecting consumers' preferences for meat products? A study of modified atmosphere packaging and vacuum packaging in Iberian dry‐cured ham
Authors: Ortiz Alberto , Tejerina David , Díaz‐Caro Carlos , Elghannam Ahmed , García‐Torres Susana , Mesías Francisco J. , Trujillo José , Crespo‐Cebada Eva 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIberian dry‐cured ham is one of the most prominent Spanish traditional meat products with very special nutritional and sensory properties, which make it widely appreciated both in Spain and in foreign markets. The packaging formats used for sliced Iberian ham are vacuum and modified atmosphere packaging, which are more in line with the current trends and consumer habits and have contributed to its popularization. The aim of this article is to study the preferences of Spanish consumers for these two types of packaging of Iberian dry‐cured ham using a dual approach with sensory analysis and choice experiment. Data were collected by means of a survey conducted with 253 Spanish consumers. The choice experiment has shown that the participants proved to have a higher preference for the vacuum packaging. However, sensory test revealed that hams packaged in modified atmosphere received higher scores in terms of odor when making a global comparison.Practical ApplicationsNew purchasing habits require the adaptation of traditional products to new formats more in consonance with current consumer lifestyles. Iberian ham is one of these traditional products that until now selling in a whole‐piece format, which does not seem affordable for many consumers. So companies had to offer new sliced packaging format that could adapt with consumers' needs without affecting the organoleptic characteristics of the product. On the other hand, since we are dealing with a gourmet product of high sensory quality, results of this work would help companies in the sector to understand how the packaging format would influence the sensory attributes of the product. Both approaches applied in this article will allow industrials to know how consumer would behave in a pre and post‐purchase situation of different sliced dry‐cured Iberian ham packages that could be part of future marketing strategies within the Iberian sector.
When I understood loss and grief
Authors: Sevy Majers Joan 
Published: April 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known about the subject

A parent's mental illness was viewed as a loss, like a death, causing profound grief.

I learned how important parent–child communication is as an important factor in managing my own grief.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge

A child's grief, in this case, from loss of a parent due to mental illness, as in death, was profound at the time and did affect many aspects of my life.

The failure to intervene in a timely fashion impaired effective resolution of that grief.

Implications for mental health nursing

Assessment of family dynamics and communication is critical to building coping skills for any young child dealing with loss of parental support due to mental illness.

Early intervention with young children in need of emotional support and security is needed to assist them with effective adaptation to grief and loss.

AbstractIt is expected that loss of a parent from death will undoubtedly cause children to grieve. With supportive interventions, children can recover and grow into healthy, well‐adjusted adults. Severe mental illness in a parent, however, also creates loss by altering the parent–child relationship, often leaving children confused, frightened and feeling alone. In the past, family members, especially the remaining parent, might not have recognized the symptoms of a grieving child and the system at that time was not well prepared to assist them in meeting that need. This is the story of one such child.
Long‐term hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) kinetics during entecavir treatment in Korean patients—Functional cure unlikely
Authors: Cho Ju‐Yeon , Sohn Won , Paik Yong‐Han , Gwak Geum‐Youn , Choi Moon Seok , Lee Joon Hyeok , Koh Kwang Cheol , Paik Seung Woon , Park Chan Guk 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the on‐treatment kinetics of quantitative HBsAg during entecavir therapy to predict the treatment period needed to achieve functional cure. From a cohort of 1009 CHB treatment‐naïve patients who were started on entecavir, the kinetics of quantitative HBsAg decline was assessed in 410 patients by a linear mixed model. The difference in the kinetics of quantitative HBsAg was determined based on the HBeAg positivity, HBeAg seroclearance and presence of baseline liver cirrhosis. Among the 410 patients, 213 patients (52.0%) were HBeAg‐positive and 217 patients (66.1%) were male with a median age of 48 years. During a median follow‐up of 53.5 months, the quantitative HBsAg level showed a slow but consistent decrease. The expected log qHBsAg levels as a function of time during entecavir treatment in HBeAg(+) and HBeAg(−) patients were 3.4773‐0.0039 × Months and 3.1853‐0.0036 × Months, respectively. The estimated time to clearance of quantitative HBsAg in our study was greater than 74.1 years in HBeAg‐positive patients and 73.5 years in HBeAg‐negative patients. The calculated time to achieve functional cure is lifelong without regard to HBeAg seroclearance or presence of liver cirrhosis. The mathematical modelling from a long‐term follow‐up of chronic hepatitis B patients on entecavir shows that HBsAg clearance requires decades of treatment. Thus, lifelong therapy is inevitable in entecavir‐treated patients to achieve functional cure.
Thiazolidinediones reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic events in diabetic patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Yip Terry Cheuk‐Fung , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Chan Henry Lik‐Yuen , Tse Yee‐Kit , Hui Vicki Wing‐Ki , Liang Lilian Yan , Lee Hye Won , Lui Grace Chung‐Yan , Kong Alice Pik‐Shan , Wong Grace Lai‐Hung 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThiazolidinediones (TZDs) improve glycaemic control and ameliorate liver steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in patients with fatty liver disease. We aimed to study the impact of TZD and glycaemic control on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatic events in diabetic patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We performed a retrospective cohort study on diabetic patients with CHB in 2000‐2017 using a territory‐wide electronic healthcare database in Hong Kong. Diabetes mellitus was identified by use of any antidiabetic medication, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥6.5%, fasting glucose ≥7 mmol/L in two measurements or ≥11.1 mmol/L in one measurement and/or diagnosis codes. Use of antidiabetic medications was modelled as time‐dependent covariates. Of 28 999 diabetic patients with CHB, 3963 (13.7%) developed liver‐related events (a composite endpoint of HCC and hepatic events) at a median (interquartile range) follow‐up of 7.1 (3.7‐11.8) years; 1153 patients received TZD during follow‐up. After adjusted for important confounders, TZD use was associated with a reduced risk of liver‐related events (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24‐0.88; P = .019). Similar trends were observed in HCC (aHR 0.57) and hepatic events (aHR 0.35) separately. Compared to HbA1c of 6.5% at baseline, patients with HbA1c ≥7% had an increased risk of liver‐related events; the risk further increased in 5795 (20.0%) patients with HbA1c ≥9% at baseline (aHR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04‐1.26; P = .006). TZD use is associated with a lower risk of liver‐related events in diabetic patients with CHB. Liver‐related events are more common in patients with high HbA1c levels.
Migratory flow and hepatitis delta infection in Italy: A new challenge at the beginning of the third millennium
Authors: Stroffolini Tommaso , Ciancio Alessia , Furlan Caterina , Vinci Maria , Fontana Rosanna , Russello Maurizio , Colloredo Guido , Morisco Filomena , Coppola Nicola , Babudieri Sergio , Ferrigno Luigina , Sagnelli Caterina , Sagnelli Evangelista 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn Italy, HDV infection endemicity has greatly decreased overtime. Migratory flow may change this scenario as migrants often come from high HDV endemicity areas. Here, we studied characteristics of HDV infection in Italy, particularly addressed to the birth area of subjects. Chronic HBsAg carriers consecutively referring to 9 units in Italy prospectively enrolled for a six‐month period in 2019 were tested for anti‐HDV by ELISA. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify anti‐HDV positivity independent predictors. A total of 894 HBsAg‐positive subjects were enrolled. Of them, 786 (87.9%) were tested for anti‐HDV. Anti‐HDV overall prevalence was 9.9% (6.4% in Italian natives and 26.4% in non‐natives; P < .001). HDV‐RNA was checked in 63 (80.8%) of the 78 anti–HDV+ subjects, and 49 (77.8%) tested positive. Compared to non‐natives, Italians were more likely males (male/female 1.6 vs 0.6; P < .05) and older (median age 57 years vs 46 years; P < .05). Multivariate analysis showed that non‐natives (OR = 6.02; CI 95% = 3.06‐11.84) and cirrhosis (OR 9.6; CI 95% = 5.39‐17.30) were independently associated with anti‐HDV positivity. A remarkable changing pattern in some characteristics of anti–HDV‐positive subjects was observed over 1987‐2019: a decreasing male/female ratio, an increasing mean age and proportion of cirrhotic subjects. Anti‐HDV prevalence decreased from 7.4% to 6.4% among Italians, increasing from 12.2% to 26.4% among non‐natives during 2001‐2019. Hence, HDV infection in Italians is further decreasing and mostly affects old people and subjects with advanced disease reflecting a survival effect. Conversely, non‐natives are sixfold more likely anti–HDV‐positive with an increasing trend. Migratory flow may be a new challenge for HDV infection at the beginning of the third millennium.
Serum cortisol and thyroid hormone concentrations and survival in foals born from mares with experimentally induced ascending placentitis
Authors: Müller Vitória , Toribio Ramiro E. , Dembek Katarzyna , Moraes Bruna S. S. , Mousquer Mariana A. , Curcio Bruna R. , Nogueira Carlos E. W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are few publications on occurrence of nonthyroidal illness syndrome in foals and on the prognostic value of cortisol and thyroid hormone (TH) concentrations in newborn foals.ObjectivesTo determine serum cortisol and TH concentrations (total and free thyroxine: T4 and FT4; total and free triiodothyronine: T3 and FT3) in foals born from mares with placentitis, to determine their association with survival, and their use as prognostic markers.AnimalsA cohort of 29 newborn foals comprising 5 Control, 14 Low‐risk, and 10 Sick foals were evaluated over the first week of life.MethodsIn this prospective study foals born to mares with experimentally‐induced placentitis were assigned to Low‐risk or Sick groups while foals born to control mares were classified as Control based on clinical findings. Foals were also classified as Term (n = 13), Dysmature (n = 7), or Premature (n = 9), and survival rate was recorded. Serum cortisol and TH hormone concentrations were measured at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 168 hours of life.ResultsSick non‐surviving foals had lower (P < .05) T3 : cortisol ratio at 12 (3.68 ± 1.06 versus 18.58 ± 2.78), 24 (5.47 ± 2.34 versus 23.40 ± 3.82), and 48 (10.47 ± 6.29 versus 26.6 ± 2.90) hours of life when compared to Sick surviving foals and lower (P < .05) T4 : cortisol ratio at 12 (75.12 ± 21.71 versus 414.47 ± 58.47) and 24 hours (127.83 ± 55.21 versus 430.87 ± 80.31) after birth than Sick surviving foals.Conclusion and Clinical ImportancePlacental infections can impair fetal thyroid function. Low T3 : cortisol and T4 : cortisol ratios seem to be good prognostic markers in newborn foals.
Individual consistency in exploration and shyness but not activity in smooth newts (Lissotriton vulgaris): the effect of habituation?
Authors: Chajma P. , Kopecký O. , Vojar J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBehavioural consistency (i.e. personality) is an important aspect of behavioural ecology that has yet to be thoroughly examined in amphibians. Currently published studies often address only one or two aspects of personality, using many different methods for evaluating behavioural consistency. This is the first study focusing on all relevant behavioural traits and their relationships in urodele amphibians. Based on three trials within the experiment, we examined the consistency of activity (time spent moving), the boldness (latency of the first movement and time spent escaping) and the exploration (number of visited segments of the test arena) of 42 smooth newts (Lissotriton vulgaris). Individual consistency, calculated through the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), was low in newt activity (ICC = 0.192) and was moderate in boldness (0.476) and in exploration (0.403). Activity was moderately consistent for each trial (0.425), indicating possible habituation, supported by a decrease in mean activity throughout the trials. Newt activity, shyness and exploration were correlated throughout the experiment, suggesting the possible existence of a common selective pressure. With a summary of existing studies and their effect sizes, we aim to highlight the inconsistencies in the methods and in the results of these studies, to emphasize the need for a complex approach to the study of amphibian personality and the need for a standardized methodology, which would solve the current difficulties in comparing published results.
Prediction of liver fibrosis severity in alcoholic liver disease by human microfibrillar‐associated protein 4
Authors: Madsen Bjørn S. , Thiele Maja , Detlefsen Sönke , Sørensen Mia D. , Kjærgaard Maria , Møller Linda S. , Rasmussen Ditlev N. , Schlosser Anders , Holmskov Uffe , Trebicka Jonel , Sorensen Grith L. , Krag Aleksander ,   GALAXY consortium
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a public health concern that is the cause of half of all cirrhosis‐related deaths. Early detection of fibrosis, ideally in the precirrhotic stage, is a key strategy for improving ALD outcomes and for preventing progression to cirrhosis. Previous studies identified the blood‐borne marker human microfibrillar‐associated protein 4 (MFAP4) as a biomarker for detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐related fibrosis. Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MFAP4 to detect ALD‐induced fibrosis.MethodWe performed a prospective, liver biopsy‐controlled study involving 266 patients with prior or current alcohol overuse. Patients were split into a training and a validation cohort.ResultsMFAP4 was present in fibrotic hepatic tissue and serum MFAP4 levels increased with fibrosis grade. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for detection of cirrhosis was 0.91 (95% CI 0.85‐0.96) in the training cohort and 0.91 (95% CI 0.79‐1.00) in the validation cohort. For detection of advanced fibrosis, the AUROC was 0.88 (95% CI 0.81‐0.94) in the training cohort and 0.92 (95% CI 0.83‐1.00) in the validation cohort. The diagnostic accuracy did not differ between MFAP4 and the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test or transient elastography (TE) in an intention‐to‐diagnose analysis. MFAP4 did not predict hepatic decompensation in a time‐to‐decompensation analysis in a subgroup of patients with cirrhosis.ConclusionMFAP4 is a novel biomarker that can detect ALD‐related fibrosis with high accuracy.
Validation of 24‐h dietary recall for estimating nutrient intakes and adequacy in adolescents in Burkina Faso
Authors: Arsenault Joanne E. , Moursi Mourad , Olney Deanna K. , Becquey Elodie , Ganaba Rasmané 
Published: April 2020

AbstractData on dietary nutrient intakes of adolescents in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC) is lacking partly due to the absence of validation studies of the 24‐h recall method in adolescents. We conducted a validation study of 24‐h recall (24HR) compared with observed weighed records (OWR) in adolescents (n = 132, 10–11 years; n = 105, 12–14 years). Dietary data were collected for the same day by both methods by conducting the 24HR the day after the OWR. For OWR, all foods consumed by adolescents from the first to last meal of the day were weighed; for 24HR adolescents reported foods consumed using portion aids. Food intakes were converted to nutrients. Nutrient intakes by both methods were tested for equivalence by comparing the ratios (24HR/OWR) with equivalence margins of within ±10%, 15% and 20% of the ratio. Prevalences of inadequacy (POIs) were obtained using the NCI method. Mean ratios for energy were 0.88 and 0.92, for younger and older adolescents, respectively, and other nutrients ranged between 0.84 and 1.02. Energy intakes were equivalent within the 15% bound, and most nutrients fell within the 20% bound. POI was overestimated by 24HR, but differences were less than 25 percentage points for most nutrients. Half of adolescents omitted foods in recalls, mainly sweet or savoury snacks, fruits and beverages. Our study showed that adolescents underestimated intakes by 24HR; however, the degree of underestimation was generally acceptable for 12–14‐year‐olds within a bound of 15%. Errors could possibly be reduced with further training and targeted probing.