bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinctive Improved Synthesis and Application Extensions Graphdiyne for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Yanbing , Yang Hao , Wang Guorong , Ma Bingzhen , Jin Zhiliang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGraphdiyne (GD), a novel two‐dimension carbon hybrid material, due to its unique and excellent properties, has been widely concerned since this innovative material was successfully synthesized by Prof. Yuliang Li in 2010. Traditionally, its synthesis method is growing graphdiyne on copper foils or foam copper as a base catalytic material to deliver copper ions (Cu2+) under pyridine conditions. Here, an innovative progress for graphdiyne preparation approach of using Cu+ ion as a catalytic material is reported and its application in extending to the photocatalytic water‐splitting to produce hydrogen in situ as well. In detail, by means of cuprous iodide used as a catalyst‐carrier to grow a graphdiyne in a pyridine solution of monomeric hexynylbenzene and such CuI‐graphdiyne composite catalyst is directly applied to photocatalytic hydrogen production in situ. Meanwhile, the hydrogen production of GD and CuI are 29.42 μmol/5 h and 156.49 μmol/5 h, respectively. In particular, the composite catalyst GD‐CuI exhibits an optimum photo‐catalytic hydrogen production activity (465.95 μmol/5 h) which is 15.8 times and 3.0 times that of pure GD and CuI respectively. This rational design, one‐step construction of GD‐CuI, successfully enhances photo‐catalytic hydrogen evolution activity. The deeper characterization study results such as TEM, SEM, XPS, XRD, UV‐vis DRS, Transient photocurrent and FT‐IR etc. have been well researched and the results of which are in good agreement with each other.
Branched Sulfonated Polyimide/Sulfonated Methylcellulose Composite Membranes with Remarkable Proton Conductivity and Selectivity for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Long Jun , Yang Hongyan , Wang Yanlin , Xu Wenjie , Liu Jun , Luo Huan , Li Jinchao , Zhang Yaping , Zhang Hongping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA series of branched sulfonated polyimide (bSPI)/sulfonated methylcellulose (s‐MC) composite membranes composed of a designed and synthesized bSPI polymer and functionalized s‐MC are prepared by using a facile solution casting method for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). Among all bSPI/s‐MC composite membranes, the optimized bSPI/s‐MC‐20 % composite membrane has the best proton selectivity of 2.45×105 S min cm−3, which is 14.4 times as high as the Nafion 115 membrane. The bSPI/s‐MC‐20 % composite membrane possesses superior proton conductivity compared to most reported SPI‐based composite membranes for VRFBs. The VRFB with a bSPI/s‐MC‐20 % composite membrane shows excellent battery efficiencies (CE=99.2–98.0 %, EE=66.3–77.6 %) and capacity retention (73.3–47.2 %). Moreover, the cost of the bSPI/s‐MC‐20 % composite membrane is only a quarter of that of a commercial Nafion 115 membrane. This work develops a new strategy to fabricate cheap bSPI‐based composite membranes by introducing a suitable functionalized biomass material.
Unveiling Capacity Degradation Mechanism of Li‐ion Battery in Fast‐charging Process
Authors: Zhang Sheng S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work, capacity degradation in fast‐charging process is studied by using a power‐optimized graphite‐LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) electrode couple and a three‐electrode coin cell as the testing vehicle. It is shown that capacity degradation consists of two distinct stages, (1) rapid degradation in early period and (2) progressive degradation over lifetime, which are associated with the electrochemical reduction of electrolyte solvents on the graphite anode and the structural deterioration of the NCA cathode, and are well correlated to a decrease in Coulomb efficiency. Analyses on the change in differential capacity profile and the recoverability of the lost capacity reveal that capacity degradation mainly originates from structural deterioration of the NCA cathode over lifetime, and it aggravates with the state‐of‐charge and temperature. Based on this guideline, we show that capacity degradation of the Li‐ion batteries in the fast‐charging applications can be greatly mitigated by limiting the cell's operation to a relatively low state‐of‐charge (i. e., a relatively low charging cut‐off voltage).
Study of Ion Permeation through the Graphene Oxide/Polyether Sulfone Membranes
Authors: Zhang Yongjing , Chen Zhe , Yao Lei , Wang Xiao , Fu Qiu Ming , Lin Zhi Dong , Wang Sheng Gao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe ion diffusion process through the graphene oxide (GO)/polyether sulfone(PES) membrane was probed by using electrochemical techniques. It was found that the GO/PES membrane exhibited lower rejection when feeding a solution with higher ion concentration. The calculated diffusion coefficient indicated that the Donnan repulsive interaction from the GO platelets might play a key role in the rejection of GO/PES membrane. Computational calculation confirms that interlayer spacing shrinks less than 5 % when increasing the solution concentration. These results suggest that, compared with interlayer spacing, the Donnan repulsive interaction is more important for ion permeation during concentration‐gradient‐driven diffusion. To investigate the detail of ion diffusion, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was utilized to probe the GO/PES membrane at the initial immersing process. The EIS results showed an additional inductive loop at low frequency in the Nyquist plot at the initial diffusion stage, which would be more visible for the GO/PES membrane immersing at lower ion concentration. This inductive loop could be attributed to the uneven distribution of ions in GO/PES membrane, which is related to the cation‐adsorption capacity of GO.
On the Aqueous Chemistry of the UIV–DOTA Complex
Authors: Dovrat Gev , Illy Marie‐Claire , Berthon Claude , Lerner Ana , Mintz Moshe H. , Maimon Eric , Vainer Radion , Ben‐Eliyahu Yeshayahu , Moiseev Yulia , Moisy Philippe , Bettelheim Armand , Zilbermann Israel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe 1,4,7,10‐tetrazacyclodecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid (DOTA) aqueous complex of UIV with H2O, OH−, and F− as axial ligands was studied by using UV/Vis spectrophotometry, ESI‐MS, NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray crystallography, and electrochemistry. The UIV–DOTA complex with either water or fluoride as axial ligands was found to be inert to oxidation by molecular oxygen, whereas the complex with hydroxide as an axial ligand slowly hydrolyzed and was oxidized by dioxygen to a diuranate precipitate. The combined data set acquired shows that, although axial substitution of fluoride and hydroxide ligands instead of water does not seem to significantly change the aqueous DOTA complex structure, it has an important effect on the electronic configuration of the complex. The UIV/UIII redox couple was found to be quasi‐reversible for the complex with both axially bonded H2O and hydroxide, but irreversible for the complex with axially bonded fluoride. Intriguingly, binding of the axial fluoride renders the irreversible one‐electron UV/UIV oxidation of the [UIV(DOTA)(H2O)] complex quasi‐reversible, which suggests the formation of the short‐lived pentavalent form of the complex, an aqueous non‐uranyl chelated UV cation.
La3B6O13(OH): The First Acentric High‐Pressure Borate Displaying Edge‐Sharing BO4 Tetrahedra
Authors: Fuchs Birgit , Heymann Gunter , Wang Xuefei , Tudi Abudukadi , Bayarjargal Lkhamsuren , Siegel Renée , Schmutzler Adrian , Senker Jürgen , Joachim‐Mrosko Bastian , Saxer Andreas , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLa3B6O13(OH) was obtained by a high‐pressure/high‐temperature experiment at 6 GPa and 1673 K. The compound crystallizes in the space group P21 (no. 4) with the lattice parameters a=4.785(2), b=12.880(4), c=7.433(3) Å, and β=90.36(10)°, and is built up of corner‐ as well as edge‐sharing BO4 tetrahedra. It represents the first acentric high‐pressure borate containing these B2O6 entities. The compound develops borate layers of „sechser“‐rings with the La3+ cations positioned between the layers. Single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, vibrational and MAS NMR spectroscopy, second‐harmonic generation (SHG) and thermoanalytical measurements, as well as computational methods were used to affirm the proposed structure and the B2O6 entities.
Bifunctional RNA‐Targeting Deoxyribozyme Nanodevice as a Potential Theranostic Agent
Authors: Spelkov Aleksandr A. , Goncharova Ekaterina A. , Savin Artemii M. , Kolpashchikov Dmitry M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTheranostic approaches rely on simultaneous diagnostic of a disease and its therapy. Here, we designed a DNA nanodevice, which can simultaneously report the presence of a specific RNA target through an increase in fluorescence and cleave it. High selectivity of RNA target recognition under near physiological conditions was achieved. The proposed approach can become a basis for the design of DNA nanomachines and robots for diagnostics and therapy of viral infections, cancer, and genetic disorders.
A low pressure SWCNT‐ENM sandwich membrane system for the removal of PPCPs from water
Authors: Soberman Mark J. , Farnood Ramin R. , Tabe Shahram 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhile carbon nanotubes are known as efficient adsorbents for removal of a number of contaminants from water, the possibility of their leaching into drinking water has prevented their application in water treatment. In this study, single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) were sandwiched between two electrospun nanofibre membranes (ENM). The relatively small pore size of the ENM prevented the mechanically entangled nanotubes from passing through and contaminating the water. The performance of the SWCNT‐ENM was evaluated in a lab‐scale setup for the removal of PPCPs. For this purpose, a feed solution spiked with known concentrations of six PPCPs was passed through the membrane system. The target substances included acetaminophen (ACT), bezafibrate (BZF), iopromide (IOP), diclofenac (DCF), carbamazepine (CBZ), and sulphamethoxazole (SMX). The same test was also conducted using a single contaminant (ACT). Results demonstrated a decrease in the overall percent removal of PPCPs as feed flow rate and PPCP concentration increased. For multi‐component feeds containing equal amounts of the aforementioned PPCPs, the overall percent removal decreased from 90.8% to 71.0% when increasing the feed concentration from 30 to 600 μg/L. Experiments using sandwiched powdered activated carbon (PAC) showed that the dynamic adsorption capacity of PPCPs by SWCNT‐ENM was higher than that of PAC‐ENM, and remained unaffected by the feed composition. In addition, the high porosity of this novel membrane allowed for flow of water with low resistance such that the trans‐membrane pressure was found to be as low as 4 kPa at a pure water flux of 330 L/m2h.
Green Effectively Enhanced Extraction to Produce Yttrium(III) in Slug Flow Microreactor
Authors: He Yuan , Guo Shenghui , Chen Kaihua , Li Shiwei , Yin Shaohua 
Published: January 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionProcess reinforcement research was carried out in Y‐junction slug flow microreactors under variable conditions, using EHEHPA (2‐ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono‐2‐ethylhexyl) to extract yttrium(III) from hydrochloric acid solution. The influence of pH and flow rate on the extraction‐reaction efficiency, slug size, mass transfer performance was assessed. The experimental results showed that maximum extraction‐reaction efficiency of 91.85% can be achieved in the smallest microreactor (residence time is 11.25 s), which was significantly higher than traditional extraction requiring more than 10 min. The slug length tended to decrease with the increase of pH and flow rate. Volumetric mass transfer coefficients for the slug flow microreactors were found to be in the range of 1.39×10−1—1.642 s−1 that is several orders of magnitude higher as compared to traditional extractors, which testified the beneficial effects of Y‐junction slug flow microreactor. Significant mass transfer reinforcement has prompted the use of microreactor as a suitable alternative to traditional extractors, which can advantageously improve the economic and environmental development of mineral processing.
Real‐world use and survival outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors in older adults with non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Youn Bora , Trikalinos Nikolaos A. , Mor Vincent , Wilson Ira B. , Dahabreh Issa J. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundLimited data exist regarding the characteristics and survival outcomes of older adults with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who receive immune checkpoint inhibitors in routine oncology practice.MethodsUsing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare linked database, we identified 1256 patients aged ≥65 years who were diagnosed with pathologically confirmed stage I to stage IV NSCLC between 2002 and 2015 and initiated nivolumab or pembrolizumab in 2016. We examined patient characteristics and overall survival from the time of immune checkpoint inhibitor initiation through December 31, 2017.ResultsThe median patient age at the time of immune checkpoint inhibitor initiatiton was 75.3 years (interquartile range, 8.5). A substantial percentage of patients were initially diagnosed with stage IV disease (42.6%) and had ≥2 comorbid conditions (48.7%). Using a claims‐based proxy, 11.5% of patients had poor performance status and 12.6% had a history of autoimmune conditions. The median overall survival after initiation of immune checkpoint inhibitor was 9.3 months (95% CI, 8.5‐10.5 months). The 1‐year survival rate was 43.0% (95% CI, 40.2‐45.7%). In multivariable analyses, multiple comorbid conditions, squamous histology, a history of nonplatinum doublet systemic therapy, recent radiotherapy, and a shorter time from initial diagnosis to treatment initiation were found to be statistically significantly associated with an increased hazard of death. Demographics, poor performance status, and prior autoimmune conditions were not significantly associated with the hazard of death.ConclusionsMany older adults with NSCLC who initiated immune checkpoint inhibitors had multiple comorbidities, a history of autoimmune disease, or poor performance status. Factors associated with poor prognosis among patients with advanced NSCLC were also associated with worse survival in older adults treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Finite element analysis of bone‐prosthesis interface micromotion for cementless talar component fixation through critical loading conditions
Authors: Moideen Irwan S.M. , Lim Chin Tat , Yeow Raye C.H. , Chong Desmond Y.R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe total ankle replacement (TAR) survivability rate is still suboptimal, and this leads to many orthopaedic surgeons opting arthrodesis as a better option for the ankle arthritis patients. One of the fundamental reasons is due to the lack of primary stability of the prosthesis fixation at the bone‐prosthesis interface hence leading to long‐term aseptic loosening of the talar component. The commercially available Scandinavian Total Ankle Replacement (STAR) Ankle design and several additional design features (including trabecular metal, side fin, double fin, and polka‐dot designs) were studied using finite element analysis, and the bone‐prosthesis interface relative micromotion (BPIRM) and talar bone minimum principal stresses were examined and analysed. Three loading conditions at a gait cycle of heel strike, midstance, and toe off with different meniscal bearing displacement were also included as part of the study parameters. The results were correlated to in vitro cadaveric measurements and reported clinical studies. Simulated results showed that the de‐bonding relative distance between the bone and prosthesis upon loading (COPEN defined by the simulation software) was the main reason constituting to the high interface micromotion between the talar component and talus bone (which could lead to long‐term aseptic loosening). The polka‐dot design was shown to induce the lowest BPIRM among all the designs studied.
Load balancing in cloud computing environments based on adaptive starvation threshold
Authors: Semmoud Abderraziq , Hakem Mourad , Benmammar Badr , Charr Jean‐Claude 
Published: January 2020

SummaryClouds provide to users on‐demand access to large computing and storing resources and offer over on premise IT infrastructures many advantages in terms of cost, flexibility, and availability. However, this new paradigm still faces many challenges, and in this paper, we address the load balancing problem. Even though many approaches have been proposed to balance the load among the servers, most of them are too sensitive to the fluctuation in the clouds load and produce unstable systems. In this paper, we propose a new distributed load balancing algorithm, based on adaptive starvation threshold. It tries to balance the load between the servers while minimizing the response time of the cloud, maximizing the utilization rate of the servers, decreasing the overall migration cost, and maintaining the stability of the system. The performance of the proposed algorithm was compared to a well‐known load balancing algorithm, inspired from the honey bee behavior (HBB). The experimental results showed that the application of the proposed load balancing algorithm gives considerable performance gains and a significant reduction in number of migrations when compared to the performance of the HBB algorithm.
Tailoring a Zinc Oxide Nanorod Surface by Adding an Earth‐Abundant Cocatalyst for Induced Sunlight Water Oxidation
Authors: de Almeida Rafael M. , Ferrari Victoria C. , dos S. Souza Juliana , Souza Flavio L. , Alves Wendel A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHerein, a detailed investigation of the surface modification of a zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod electrode with FeOOH nanoparticles dispersed in glycine was conducted to improve the water oxidation reaction assisted by sunlight. The results were systematically analysed in terms of the general parameters (light absorption, charge separation, and surface for catalysis) that govern the photocurrent density response of metal oxide as photoanode in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell. ZnO electrodes surface were modified with different concentration of FeOOH nanoparticles using the spin‐coating deposition method, and it was found that 6‐layer deposition of glycine‐FeOOH nanoparticles is the optimum condition. The glycine plays an important role decreasing the agglomeration of FeOOH nanoparticles over the ZnO electrode surface and increasing the overall performance. Comparing bare ZnO electrodes with the ones modified with glycine‐FeOOH nanoparticles an enhanced photocurrent density can be observed from 0.27 to 0.57 mA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE under sunlight irradiation. The impedance spectroscopy data aid us to conclude that the higher photocurrent density is an effect associated with more efficient surface for chemical reaction instead of electronic improvement. Nevertheless, the charge separation efficiency remains low for this system. The present discovery shows that the combination of glycine‐FeOOH nanoparticle is suitable and environmentally‐friend cocatalyst to enhance the ZnO nanorod electrode activity for the oxygen evolution reaction assisted by sunlight irradiation.
Variance component estimations and mega‐environments for sweetpotato breeding in West Africa
Authors: Swanckaert Jolien , Akansake Daniel , Adofo Kwadwo , Acheremu Kwabena , De Boeck Bert , Eyzaguirre Raul , Grüneberg Wolfgang J. , Low Jan W. , Campos Hugo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe current study was aimed at identifying mega‐environments in Ghana and evaluating adaptability of superior sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] genotypes from a targeted breeding effort. Three sets of genotypes were evaluated in multi‐environment trials (MET). Twelve sweetpotato varieties were evaluated across nine environments representing the main agro‐ecological zones in Ghana. MET analysis was conducted using a stage‐wise approach with the genotype × environment (G × E) table of means used as a starting point to model the G × E interaction for sweetpotato yield. Emphasis was given to the genetic correlation matrix used in a second‐order factor analytic model that accommodates heterogeneity of genetic variances across environments. A genotype main effect and G × E interaction of storage root yield explained 82% of the variation in the first principal component, and visualized the genetic variances and discriminating power of each environment and the genetic correlation between the environments. Two mega‐environments, corresponding to northern and southern trial sites, were delineated. Six breeding lines selected from the south and eight breeding lines selected from the north were tested and compared to two common check clones at five locations in Ghana. A Finlay–Wilkinson stability analysis resulted in stable performances within the target mega‐environment from which the genotypes were selected, but predominantly without adaptation to the other region. Our results provide a strong rationale for running separate programs to allow for faster genetic progress in each of these two major West African mega‐environments by selecting for specific and broad adaptation.
Interchange‐turbulence‐based radial transport model for SOLPS‐ITER: A COMPASS case study
Authors: Carli Stefano , Dekeyser Wouter , Coosemans Reinart , Dejarnac Renaud , Komm Michael , Dimitrova Miglena , Adámek Jiří , Bílková Petra , Böhm Petr 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMean‐field plasma edge transport codes such as SOLPS‐ITER heavily rely on ad‐hoc radial diffusion coefficients to approximately model anomalous transport. Such coefficients are experimentally determined and vary between different machines, and also depend on the operational regime and plasma location within the same device. Therefore, to match experimental data the modeller is required to manually tune several free parameters in expensive simulations, and the code's predictive capabilities are significantly downgraded. As a solution, a new model has been developed for SOLPS‐ITER, solving an additional transport equation for the turbulent kinetic energy k, derived by consistently time‐averaging the Braginskii equations, and including a diffusive closure for the anomalous particle flux. This closure model relates the anomalous diffusion coefficient to the local k value. The resulting equation structure and its closure are inspired by TOKAM2D isothermal interchange turbulence simulation results. Within this model, fewer and hopefully more universal free parameters are retained, thus improving the code's predictive capabilities. The new model has been tested on a COMPASS case for which upstream plasma profiles were available. Experimental data and a reference solution, obtained by matching the profiles through manual tuning of radial diffusivities, have been used to estimate the parameters of our new transport model. A ballooned particle diffusivity profile is retrieved by the new radial transport model, thanks to the proposed interchange drive. The obtained upstream profiles qualitatively agree with the experiment and prove the new model is a promising first attempt to be further refined.