bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monasticism in the United States
Authors: McGuinness Margaret M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Monasticism in the United States has a long and complex history, beginning with the 1727 arrival of twelve members of the Company of St Ursula (Ursulines) in the French colony of New Orleans. Since that time, most women and men religious have staffed and administered schools and hospitals, while others have dedicated their lives to a ministry of prayer. The contributions of the Daughters of Charity, Benedictines, Christian Brothers, and Poor Clares—to name just a few—allowed the US Catholic Church to develop an extensive network of educational, healthcare, and social service institutions to serve the spiritual and physical needs of Catholics and non-Catholics. US monasticism in the twenty-first century is marked by declining numbers and an ageing membership. In 2009, concerned about the direction in which sisters and nuns appeared to be moving, the Vatican conducted an apostolic visitation among congregations of women religious.
Monastic Narrative Practices
Authors: Smith Katherine Allen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStories comprised the very fabric of devotional life and institutional identity in medieval European monasteries. The monastic habitus encouraged the reading, glossing, composition, and performance of many different kinds of narratives, and the religious men and women who took these tasks to heart became, in a sense, living books. This chapter describes three fundamental ways in which narratives shaped the medieval monastic experience in the Latin West: first, by promoting particular models of holiness; second, by creating a textual basis for coherent, resilient communal identities; and third, by defining boundaries, albeit flexible and permeable ones, between religious communities and the outside world. Each of these narrative functions represents a rich vein of recent scholarship on medieval monasteries as devotional and textual communities.
The Literature of Early Western Monasticism
Authors: Stewart Columba 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Latin literature of early monasticism was created within much tighter personal networks than that of the East, but these networks spanned considerable geographical distances. The use of a single language for both the composition of ascetic literature and the translation of many important Greek writings further strengthened the unifying role of the literary corpus. Latin monasticism was particularly marked by theological controversy (Priscillianist, Origenist, Pelagian), and came to be dominated theologically by Augustine of Hippo. Augustine also played a key role in developing the genre of the monastic rule (regula), which would become normative in Western monastic practice, as evident in the regulae of Gaul and Italy that became the foundations for medieval monasticism.
The Literature of Early Eastern Monasticism
Authors: Bitton-Ashkelony Brouria 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe chapter examines a variety of late antique monastic sources written in Greek, Syriac, and Coptic—hagiographies, canons, letters, and pedagogical treatises. It interrogates ways of reading these sources in order to reconstruct the historical development of monastic settlements in Palestine, Cappadocia, Egypt, and Mesopotamia. It argues that the monastic texts do not clearly reflect the world that produced them, and it identifies a number of obstacles for historians that are embedded in the texts upon which we must rely. The discussion emphasizes the function of the perceptions, metaphors, symbols, images, and memories contained in the sources, thereby revealing late antique cultural and rhetorical trends and reflecting many aspects of Eastern monastic culture.
The Eastern Traditions Today
Authors: Koutloumousianos Chrysostom 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Greek Orthodox monasticism comprises both legendary historical monasteries and thriving contemporary establishments all over the world. The chapter begins with an outline of its recent history, organization, and administrative structures. It then outlines its spiritual map, highlighting such features as: the sense of continuity that results from an unbroken chain of living and recorded experience going back to the ancient desert; the sense of unity in plurality, where individual charismata are integrated within the community; the contemplative spirit and its relationship to mission and doctrine; and the importance of spiritual parenthood. Today, many monasteries—and Mount Athos is a perennial example—are centres of spiritual replenishment and refreshment. They offer counsel, worship, and sacramental confession. Despite the signs of secularization, the main goal remains the same: transformation of self-love into love, which means, in theological terms, transfiguration of the human being in God’s unifying, uncreated grace.
The Military Orders
Authors: Burgtorf Jochen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe chapter discusses the two major international military orders of the high Middle Ages, the Templars and the Hospitallers. It outlines their origins in the twelfth-century Crusader kingdom of Jerusalem, as well as the factors that contributed to their emergence, such as pilgrimage, the eleventh-century Church reform, knighthood and chivalry, the Crusades, and the role of the papacy. It then considers the comparative historiography of Templars and Hospitallers, including the scholarly debate on the Templars’ suppression and the Hospitallers’ survival. The chapter goes on to address the question of the military orders’ identity by examining the extent of the Templars’ charity and hospitality, the question of the Hospitallers’ militarization, and the genesis of the concept of an ‘order state’. It concludes with suggestions for future research.
Monasticism in Early Modern Germany
Authors: Klueting Edeltraud 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The chapter addresses the history of monasticism in the German-speaking territories of the Holy Roman Empire from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries. Whether the Reformation movement unleashed by Martin Luther represented a continuation of late medieval monastic reforms or, rather, an abrupt departure from them, is a contentious issue. In the Catholic parts of Germany, after the Council of Trent, monasteries became significant agents in the renewal of the Church, especially in the areas of education and social and charitable activity. On the other hand, the Enlightenment, with its narrow conception of utility, called into question the very basis of monastic life, and hence the right of monasteries to exist. The fallout of the French Revolution and the French occupation of the left bank of the Rhine led to a great wave of monastic dissolutions. It was only under the influence of German Romanticism that monasticism experienced another revival.
Introduction
Authors: Kaczynski Bernice M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe chapter gives an introduction to the current state of scholarship on monasticism, and it sets out an agenda for the future. It begins with a consideration of monasticism’s long historical arc, its longue durée. Few movements in the history of Christianity have had such lasting importance. The chapter then looks ahead to the great variety of monastic practices described by contributors to the volume. It draws attention to patterns of continuity and change, to recurring themes, and to major debates in the field. The experience of Christian monasticism is multifaceted, for it has assumed different forms in the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Protestant, and Anglican traditions, and in contemporary ‘new monasticism’. What, then, is Christian monasticism, and what are its essential features? It is surprisingly difficult to come to a definition of the monastic way of life, and the chapter ends with an exploration of this issue.
The Cistercians
Authors: Lester Anne E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFounded in 1098, the Cistercians grew to be one of the most important monastic orders of the Middle Ages, stretching from the shores of Scotland to the littoral of Palestine, from Greece to Poland. This chapter traces three major themes that have influenced the scholarship on the topic, namely the idea of the ‘order’, the role of women within it, and the notion of Cistercian decline or corruption. Administered from its first house, Cîteaux, in northern Burgundy, the Cistercian network included hundreds of houses for monks and nuns as well as granges and chapels administered by lay brothers and sisters known as conversi and conversae, all united within a complex filiation system. From the middle of the twelfth century the Cistercians pioneered one of the most influential administrative organizations of the premodern period and developed a distinctive spirituality and aesthetic that defined their ideal of community and monastic devotion.
Leibniz and Newton as Critics of Descartes
Authors: Janiak Andrew 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Leibniz and Newton famously disagreed on many philosophical and mathematical topics. Indeed, their disagreements are legion in the eighteenth century and beyond. But underlying their disputes, there are some important and illuminating similarities in their reactions to Cartesian natural philosophy. The Leibniz-Clarke correspondence, along with certain interpretations of the vis viva dispute, have obscured these similarities, which are an important aspect of our understanding of Newton’s work.
Conservation Officer Perceptions of Academy Training: Resource Specific and General Policing Tasks
Authors: Rossler Michael T , Suttmoeller Michael J 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis research is among the first to examine the degree to which law enforcement officers tasked with protection of natural resources feel prepared for specialized and general tasks by their academy training. Drawing upon a survey of over 900 conservation officers across 13 states, the current inquiry examines whether officers who attended a conservation-specific academy feel better prepared for their work than those who attended a conventional police academy. Findings suggest conservation officers feel well prepared for their general policing duties by their academy experience, but fewer than half of the officers surveyed felt that their academy experience prepared them to handle nuisance wildlife calls or consult with landowners on habitat needs. Officers who attended a conservation academy held greater perceptions that their academy prepared them for specialized duties. These findings help inform state conservation agencies about the topics which are well covered or need additional attention in their pre-employment training curricula, as well as recruitment strategies for varying academy types.
Introduction to the Special Issue of the SBM Mid-Career Leadership Institute: leadership and behavioral medicine in context
Authors: Fitzgibbon Marian L , Peterson Caryn , Rutten Lila J , Yaroch Amy 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In 2016, we established the year-long Society of Behavioral Medicine (SBM) Mid-Career Leadership Institute. Individuals are often selected for leadership positions without intentional training in needed leadership skills, including strategic planning, building collaborative teams, goal setting, negotiation, and communication. The purpose of the Leadership Institute is to: (a) provide opportunities for mid-career professionals to build and sustain their leadership capacity; (b) create cohorts of connected fellows in behavioral medicine fields, disciplines, and institutions, who can support one another throughout their professional careers; and (c) enhance specific skills needed to navigate the challenges of mid-career. Over the first 4 years of the Institute, 139 fellows have participated, representing 35 states. Most of the fellows hold PhDs (93%) as a terminal degree. This special issue is dedicated to the leadership experiences of fellows, faculty, senior SBM mentors, peer mentors, and executive coaches.
Reflections on growing leadership capacity through formal training and mid-career peer connections
Authors: Hausmann Leslie R M , DeBerard M Scott 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this commentary, two alumni of the 2018 Society of Behavioral Medicine Mid-Career Leadership Institute reflect on their experiences in the year-long program. Each was at different stages of their career and went into the program for different reasons. One was seeking purpose and direction after being promoted to Associate Professor. The other had been awarded full professorship and was contemplating a career move into administration. Assigned to the same learning community within the institute, they stayed in touch through monthly peer-mentoring calls over the course of the year. These calls both reinforced what they learned during the leadership institute and provided a forum for brainstorming how to maximize their career opportunities and traverse their distinct career challenges. Both have since gone through significant career changes, thanks to the validation, inspiration, and support provided by the leadership institute. Both continue to reap the benefits from participating in the leadership institute as they navigate the new and exciting landscape of their changing careers.
Leadership, behavioral science, and interprofessional teamwork
Authors: Wada Randal K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The greatest challenge I face as a pediatric oncologist is breaking life-threatening news to patients and their parents. I frequently felt the need to improve my ability to deliver such information in a professional, yet compassionate way. I was fortunate to participate in the Leadership Institute, which provided me with the skills and perspectives that inspired me to seek out team-centered methodologies and medical decision-making theories. After learning techniques for priority setting, situational leadership, expressing empathy, and conveying bad news, guidance from the Leadership Institute prompted me to collaborate with nursing, social work, and chaplaincy colleagues to develop a team-based approach for helping families facing end-of-life decisions. Our success in the clinical arena led to my leadership project, which focused on academic collaborations to develop an educational exercise for pediatric residents, and students in nursing, social work, and chaplaincy, designed to introduce learners to these techniques and the experience of conducting end-of-life discussions as part of an interprofessional team. We published an initial description of this 4-hour simulation-based training session and now plan to submit our cumulative 3-year quantitative and qualitative results. This commentary describes my growing appreciation of the power of behavioral medicine, and how the lessons learned through the Society of Behavioral Medicine and the Leadership Institute have not only facilitated the success of my project but also enriched multiple aspects of my professional life.
A decade of toxicological trends: what the papers say
Authors: Sikakana Phumzile , Roberts Ruth A 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHere we look at popular trends and concepts in toxicology over the decade 2009–2019. The top 10 concepts included methodological approaches such as zebrafish and genomics as well as broader concepts such as personalized medicine and adverse outcome pathways. The total number and rank order for each of the top 10 were tracked year by year via PubMed with &gt;9500 papers contributing to the analysis. The data revealed a slow upward trend in the number of papers across all the concepts from 260 in 2009 to &gt;1700 in 2019. Zebrafish, genomics and personalized medicine remained in the top four slots since 2009 with zebrafish dominating the rankings over the entire decade. Genomics was a strong second until 2013 when it was displaced first by the microbiome in 2014 and secondly by personalized medicine in 2015. Other notable trends were the ascendancy of the microbiome and adverse outcome pathways and the descendancy of hormesis and the 3Rs (replacement, reduction and refinement of animals in testing). The observation that the top four slots have been static over the past 4 years suggests that new ideas are introduced and increase in popularity until they find their place in scientific culture. This may suggest that relatively new concepts such as artificial intelligence and microphysiological systems have yet to find their steady state in the rankings. Similarly, as a relatively new player in toxicology, the full impact of the human microbiome on drug efficacy and safety remains to be seen.
Evaluation of Early Pregnancy Concerns in an Early Pregnancy Unit Compared With an Emergency Department
Authors: VanArendonk Sarah H. , Rockhill Karilynn , Stickrath Elaine H. , Alston Meredith J. 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To assess total time for evaluation of women with first-trimester pregnancy concerns in an early pregnancy unit compared with an emergency department (ED) within a single safety net hospital system.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective cohort study at Denver Health Medical Center from May 1, 2017, to April 30, 2018. All patients who presented to the early pregnancy unit and a random sample of patients who presented to the ED were identified, stratified by month. Patients were eligible if they were aged 12–55 years, hemodynamically stable, in the first trimester with a positive pregnancy test, and without a prior ultrasonogram. Evaluation time was calculated as difference between registration or check-in and the discharge time. We extracted patient demographics, reproductive histories, presenting symptoms, diagnosis, and management plans at time of discharge from the electronic medical record. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analyses were performed. Lastly, a preliminary analysis of total charges was conducted.

RESULTS:
Of 250 patients originally identified, 165 met inclusion criteria (79 from the early pregnancy unit and 86 from the ED). There was no statistical difference in race, ethnicity, or insurance type between groups. Median evaluation time was significantly reduced in the early pregnancy unit compared with the ED (45 minutes [interquartile range 31–61] vs 236 minutes [interquartile range 173–307], respectively, P<.001). After adjusting for patient characteristics and clinical presentation, the average total evaluation time among patients in the early pregnancy unit (36 minutes) was 80% lower compared with patients in the ED (180 minutes). Median evaluation charges were significantly less for patients in the early pregnancy unit compared with those in the ED ($586.22 [interquartile range 384.83–757.34] vs $1,350.97 [interquartile range 975.77–3,553.62], respectively, P<.001).

CONCLUSION:
Time and charges for evaluation of women with first-trimester pregnancy concerns were significantly lower in an early pregnancy unit compared with an ED. Early pregnancy units should be considered as an alternative care model for patients in the first trimester of pregnancy in the United States.
Delayed Norfentanyl Clearance During Pregnancy
Authors: Wanar Amita , Saia Kelley , Field Thomas A. 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:
We report a case of delayed norfentanyl clearance in a 33-year-old pregnant woman. Norfentanyl is the major metabolite of fentanyl.

Case:
A multigravid woman with opioid use disorder presented at 7 weeks of gestation for treatment. Despite opioid abstinence, her urine was positive for norfentanyl on 10 distinct gas chromatography–mass spectrometry urine screens. The results demonstrated a steady decrease of norfentanyl over the course of 70 days after her last fentanyl usage, far exceeding expected rates of fentanyl clearance.

CONCLUSION:
This case highlights the importance of acknowledging pregnancy, genetic, or medication-induced changes to fentanyl pharmacokinetics when interpreting urine tests, especially given the potential sequelae of a false-positive urine test result.
Liver transplantation in Jehovah's Witnesses: a case series
Authors: Ariza Fredy , Arboleda-Palacios Daniel , Rosales Hooker-Herrera Sebastian , Manzi-Tarapués Eliana , Caicedo-Rusca Luis Armando 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is a procedure characterized by high bleeding rates and a significant likelihood of exposure to blood products.
Objectives:

This case series shows the experience at a referral center for Jehovah's Witnesses (JW) with end-stage liver disease, undergoing OLT.
Materials and methods:

A search was conducted in our database of JW undergoing OLT between July 2007 and August 2012. The information about their pre-operative condition and progress up to 30 days post-transplantation.
Results:

Four subjects were identified (3F/1M) with an average age of 42 years (range 22-55). All of them received a multidisciplinary management which included pre-operative optimization of red cell mass, antifibrinolytic prophylaxis, and cell salvage (mean volume of 344mL [range 113-520]). The average intraoperative bleeding volume was of 625mL (range 300-1000). One of the patients presented with a primary graft dysfunction and died, while the rest had a normal postoperative course.
Conclusion:

It is possible to offer OLT to patients who refuse to receive allogeneic blood transfusions, through a comprehensive approach that includes perioperative hematologic optimization and the use of blood conservation measures, without a significant impact on the outcomes.
Patient safety climate in operating rooms at Colombian hospitals: differences by profession and type of contract
Authors: Arias-Botero José H. , Segura-Cardona Ángela M , Acosta Rodríguez Fernando , Saldarriaga Carlos A. , Gómez-Arias Rubén D. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
The safety climate (SC) measurement in the hospitals, is essential for the development of a patient safety policy (PSP). Information about SC in the operating rooms is scarce.

Objective:
To measure the dimensions of SC in Colombian Operating Rooms according to characteristics of surgical staff.
Methods:

Cross-sectional study. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety and an additional module for operating rooms were administered to healthcare workers in 6 high-complexity hospitals in the Metropolitan Area of Medellín (Colombia). The positive responses percentage for each dimension was measured. Differences by profession and type of contract were analyzed.
Results:

A total of442 participants were included. The workers in the operating rooms perceive a weak SC in terms of non-punitive response to error and workload (49.4% and 59.3% positive responses, respectively). Differences were found between physicians and nurses with lower scores in nursing for dimensions related to patient care. Anesthesiologists present low scores in events reporting. There are also differences by the type of work contract.
Conclusion:

Despite the PSP, the perception of a punitive culture to error, with a high workload. Recognizing differences between the groups within the surgical units helps to focus interventions strengthening the patient safety.