bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double dispersed bioconvective Casson nanoﬂuid fluid ﬂow over a nonlinear convective stretching sheet in suspension of gyrotactic microorganism
Authors: Magagula Vusi M. , Shaw Sachin , Kairi Rishi Raj 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMicroorganisms play a vital role in understanding the ecological system. The motions of micororganisms are self‐propelled while the impact of thermophoresis and Brownian motion property of nanoparticle shows more challenges in biotechnological and medical applications. The present problem is based on the understanding of double‐dispensed bioconvection for a Casson nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet. Suction phenomenon is introduced at the surface of the stretching sheet along with the convective boundary condition. The convection and movement of the microorganisms are assisted by an applied magnetic field, nonlinear thermal radiation, and first‐order chemical reaction. The governing equations are highly coupled and thus we used the spectral quasilinearization method to solve the governing equations. The study of the residual errors on the systemic parameters had given a confidence with the present results. The final outcomes are displayed through graphs and tables. The thermal dispersion coefficient shows a positive response in the temperature while a similar response is observed for the concentration with solutal dispersion coefficient. The response is reversible for the heat transfer rate at the surface with thermal dispersion coefficient. The density of the motile microorganism at the surface decreases with increase in the Casson number, thermal dispersion coefficient, and solute dispersion coefficient, while an opposite phenomenon was observed with increase in the density ratio of the motile microorganism.
Port‐site incisional hernia from an 8‐mm robotic trocar following robot‐assisted radical cystectomy: Report of a rare case
Authors: Uketa Shoko , Shimizu Yousuke , Ogawa Kosuke , Utsunomiya Noriaki , Kanamaru Sojun 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionPort‐site incisional hernia is a rare but well‐known complication following a laparoscopic procedure and it may cause severe adverse outcomes, such as intestinal necrosis. Here, we report a rare case of hernia that occurred from an 8‐mm trocar after robot‐assisted radical cystectomy.Case presentationAn 80‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with cT2bN1M0 bladder cancer. She underwent robot‐assisted radical cystectomy. Nine days after surgery, she complained of severe abdominal pain. Computed tomography showed herniation of small intestine. Emergency explorative laparotomy revealed herniation of small intestine from an 8‐mm trocar site. A section of the small bowel was necrotic and was resected.ConclusionIt is debatable whether we should routinely close the fascia of an 8‐mm trocar site. The patient was an elderly woman with multiple major abdominal surgery histories and hernia risk factors. For these patients, fascial closure of the 8‐mm trocar site may be indicated.
Dual inhibition of glycolysis and autophagy as a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma
Authors: Mansour Mohammed A. , Ibrahim Wafaa M. , Salama Mona M. , Salama Afrah F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCancer cells have extra biosynthetic demands to sustain cell growth and redox homeostasis. Glycolysis and autophagy are crucial to fuel and recycle these biosynthetic demands. This plasticity of cancer cell metabolism participates in therapy resistances. The current study was designed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of dual targeting of glycolysis and autophagy in cancer. Using 3‐bromopyruvate (3‐BP; antiglycolytic inhibitor) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ; autophagy inhibitor), we demonstrate their antitumor activity in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)‐bearing mice. A combination of 3‐BP and HCQ significantly decreases tumor ascitic volume and cell count as compared with the EAC group and individual treatment groups. The enhanced antitumor activity is accompanied by hexokinase inactivation, inhibition of cellular protective autophagy, elevated antioxidant activity, and reduced oxidative stress levels. Together, these results suggest targeting both pathways in cancer as an effective therapeutic strategy. Further studies are required to validate this strategy in different cancer models and preclinical trials.
Circulating and tissue microRNAs as a potential diagnostic biomarker in patients with thrombotic events
Authors: Jafarzadeh‐Esfehani Reza , Mostafa Parizadeh Seyed , Sabeti Aghabozorgi Amirsaeed , Yavari Negar , Sadr‐Nabavi Ariane , Alireza Parizadeh Seyed , Ghandehari Maryam , Javanbakht Afsane , Rezaei‐Kalat Afsaneh , Mahdi Hassanian Seyed , Vojdanparast Mohammad , Ferns Gordon A. , Khazaei Majid , Avan Amir 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVenous and arterial thrombosis are conditions that have a considerable burden if left untreated. The hypoxia‐induced by the occluded vessel can disrupt the circulation of any organ, the cornerstone of treating thrombosis is rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Diagnosis of thrombosis may be made by using laboratory tests or imaging techniques in individuals who have clinical manifestations of a thrombotic event. The use of serum micro ribonucleic acids (RNAs) has recently been applied to the diagnosis of thrombosis. These small RNA molecules are emerging as new diagnostic markers but have had very limited applications in vascular disease. Most of the articles provided various microRNAs with different levels of accuracy. However, there remains a lack of an appropriate panel of the most specific microRNA in the literature. The purpose of the present review was to summarize the existing data on the use of microRNAs as a diagnostic biomarker for venous thrombosis.
The endocannabinoid system modulates the ovarian physiology and its activation can improve in vitro oocyte maturation
Authors: Totorikaguena Lide , Olabarrieta Estibaliz , Lolicato Francesca , Romero‐Aguirregomezcorta Jon , Smitz Johan , Agirregoitia Naiara , Agirregoitia Ekaitz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe cannabinoid (CB) system has been involved in many aspects of reproduction and it is known that the systemic chronic use of exogenous CBs are deleterious to reproductive processes. Even so, it is not known what happens in relation to the physiology of the ovary when CB receptors are absent. The present study investigated the effect of the lack of CB1 and CB2 receptors in mice ovarian morphology, folliculogenesis, oocyte retrieval, and oocyte maturation and evaluated the use of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) by comparing classical IVM and two‐step IVM by analyzing the meiotic competence of the oocytes and their evolution toward embryos. Thus, when CB1 and CB2 receptors were missed, the ovary area and volume was significantly less and the action of the equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) hormone was diminished. In addition, the mutant genotypes had fewer ovarian follicles and they were less competent after eCG administration compared with wild‐type mice, and this lack of CB receptors showed a mismatch of oocyte maturation. However, the in vitro use of THC showed improvements in oocytes IVM after a Pre‐IVM step for 48 hr, as those oocytes reached a significantly higher polar body rate, a larger diameter and the best result on blastocysts rate was achieved when THC was used during the IVM step.
Developmental regulation and lateralisation of the α7 and α4 subunits of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in developing rat hippocampus
Authors: Baradaran Raheleh , Khoshdel‐Sarkarizi Hoda , Kargozar Saeid , Hami Javad , Mohammadipour Abbas , Sadr‐Nabavi Ariane , Peyvandi Karizbodagh Mostafa , Kheradmand Hamed , Haghir Hossein 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe the distinct regional distribution patterns of expression of the α7 and α4 subunits of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and their left‐right lateralisation in the rat hippocampus during the first 2 weeks of postnatal (P) development. Eighteen male pups were randomly divided into three groups: P0, P7, and P14. After removing the newborn brains, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunohistochemistry techniques were used to evaluate expression of the receptors. Results indicated that the expression profile of these receptors were time‐ and spatially dependent. A significant increase was observed in the distribution of α7 and α4 nAChR subunits in the developing rat hippocampus from P0 to P7 (p < .001); however, there was a significant decrease from P7 to P14 (p < .05). As a spatial effect, the highest optical density (OD) was observed in the CA3 and CA2 regions of the hippocampus, while the lowest OD was in the dentate gyrus. Moreover, the distribution of α7 and α4 nAChR subunits in the left hippocampus was significantly higher than their counterparts in the right (p < .05). From these data, the expression patterns of α7 and α4 nAChR subunits exhibited left‐right asymmetry in the developing rat hippocampus.
Neonatal excitotoxicity modifies blood‐brain barrier properties increasing its susceptibility to hypertonic shock in adulthood
Authors: Fajardo‐Fregoso Blanca Fabiola , Castañeda‐Cabral Jose Luis , Beas‐Zárate Carlos , Ureña‐Guerrero Mónica E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEarly responses to a neurological excitotoxic process include blood‐brain barrier (BBB) impairment and overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but the long‐term effects of excitotoxicity on the BBB properties remain unknown. To assess this, we induced an excitotoxic process on male rats by neonatal monosodium glutamate (MSG) treatment. At postnatal day (PD) 60, we measured the expression level of structural proteins of the BBB and the VEGF type‐2 receptor (VEGFR‐2) protein in the cerebral motor cortex (CMC), striatum (STR), hippocampus (Hp), entorhinal cortex (Ent), and hypothalamus (Hyp). We also measured BBB permeability in the same cerebral regions. Neonatal MSG treatment significantly reduced the protein expression level of claudin‐5 in the CMC, and of ZO‐1 in the CMC and Hp, and increased the expression level of plasmalemmal vesicle‐associated protein in the CMC, and of VEGFR‐2 in all regions except for the Hyp. BBB permeability was significantly higher in all studied regions of MSG‐treated animals after hypertonic shock (HS). The increased BBB permeability observed in the MSG‐treated animals after HS was reversed by VEGFR‐2 inhibition with SU5416. We conclude that neonatal excitotoxicity leads to lasting impairment on BBB properties in adulthood, increasing its susceptibility to HS that could be regulated by VEGFR‐2 activity inhibition.
Creation of the Minority Genetic Professionals Network to increase diversity in the genetics work force
Authors: Mann Sylvia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs diverse racial and ethnic minority populations continue to grow in the United States, the racial and ethnic diversity of the genetics workforce has remained virtually unchanged over the past 50 years. This is especially true in the genetic counseling profession where 90% of genetic counselors in the most recent Professional Status Survey reported as White. In order to improve access to genetic services and education for minority families, it is important to increase the availability of minority genetic healthcare providers. The Health Resources and Services Administration funded Western States Regional Genetics Network has created a Minority Genetic Professionals Network (MGPN) to recruit and mentor high school and undergraduate students to enter genetic professions such as genetic counseling. The MGPN has also expanded to provide support, education, and mentor matching for current practicing genetic counselors and genetic counseling students. This Network is an initial step towards developing a more diverse genetics workforce to meet the needs of diverse families in the United States.
Food insecurity in females with phenylketonuria
Authors: Coakley Kathryn E. , Porter‐Bolton Suzanne , Salvatore Mary L. , Blair Rosalynn B. , Singh Rani H. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryPhenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder characterized by insufficient metabolism of phenylalanine. Depending on severity, patients follow a low‐phenylalanine diet and may consume medical food (MF) and low‐protein modified foods; dietary and medical treatment can be expensive. This study assessed prevalence of food insecurity (FI), the lack of resources to access enough nutritious food to have an active, healthy life, in females with PKU and examined associations with diet and metabolic control. Participants were recruited from a research‐based camp in 2018. Adult and adolescent modules of the USDA Household Food Security survey were utilized to categorize participants as food secure [high food security (FS) or marginal FS] or food insecure (low FS or very low FS); results were compared to the general U.S. population. Dietary intake via three‐day food records and plasma amino acids were also assessed. Thirty females 11‐58 years of age (mean = 21.4 years) participated. Twelve (40%), including seven adolescents (44%) and five adults (36%), were FI compared to the U.S. prevalence of 11.1%. MF protein intake was significantly lower in those with very low FS compared to high FS and low FS (P = .04). Age and intact protein intake were significantly higher in those with very low FS compared to high FS (P < .05). Our study suggests adolescent and adult females with PKU have a higher prevalence of FI than the general U.S. population. Those with very low FS were older, consumed more dietary phenylalanine and intact protein, and less MF protein. Clinicians should consider screening for FI in patients with PKU.
Morphological characterization of pirarucu Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) gonadal differentiation
Authors: da Costa Amaral Aldessandro , Lima Adriana F. , Ganeco‐kirschnik Luciana N. , de Almeida Fernanda L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractArapaima gigas is a giant air‐breathing and bony tongue fish from the Amazon basin and a promising species for aquaculture. A. gigas farming industry is still not established because of the lack of information on its reproductive physiology. Reproduction in captivity cannot be manipulated or stimulated, and the identification of males and females in a broodstock is not easy. We aimed to reveal the morphological sex differentiation of pirarucu as studies involving gonad development are essential to understanding the reproductive physiology of any species. We performed histological analysis on the whole body and extracted the gonads of 150 juveniles. The first sign of ovary differentiation is the sex‐specific rearrangement of the germ cells. In 9 cm total length females, the germ cells group into nests and are restricted to the lateral face of the gonad, in close contact with the abdomen wall. With further development, this region invaginates and that later develops into ovigerous lamellae. Meiosis starts soon after ovary differentiation. In males, the germ cells are scattered along the elongated differentiating testis at first, and later become more restricted to the central region where the spermatogonial cysts start to develop. Somatic and germ cells are jointly involved in the cellular reorganization during gonadal differentiation, specifically when the germ cells begin to establish new associations during the development of both the germinal epithelium and stroma.Research highlightsIn Arapaima gigas, the ovary differentiation occurs in 9 cm TL females and it is marked by the rearrangement of germ and somatic cells; and the germ cells entering meiosis with no formation of ovarian cavity; testis differentiation occurs later and meiosis does not start in males smaller than 80 cm TL.
Comparison of meniscal allograft transplantation techniques using a preclinical canine model
Authors: Schreiner Anna J. , Stannard James P. , Cook Cristi R. , Bozynski Chantelle C. , Kuroki Keiichi , Stoker Aaron M. , Smith Patrick A. , Cook James L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMeniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) can be a safe, effective treatment for meniscal deficiency resulting in knee dysfunction, leading to osteoarthritis (OA) without proper treatment with 5‐year functional success rates (75%‐90%). While different grafts and techniques have generally proven safe and effective, complications include shrinkage, extrusion, progression of joint pathology, and failure. The objective of this study was to assess the functional outcomes after MAT using three different clinically‐relevant methods in a preclinical canine model. The study was designed to test the hypothesis that fresh meniscal‐osteochondral allograft transplantation would be associated with significantly better function and joint health compared with fresh‐viable or fresh‐frozen meniscus‐only allograft transplantations. Three months after meniscal release to induce meniscus‐deficient medial compartment disease, research hounds (n = 12) underwent MAT using meniscus allografts harvested from matched dogs. Three MAT conditions (n = 4 each) were compared: frozen meniscus–fresh‐frozen meniscal allograft with menisco‐capsular suture repair; fresh meniscus–fresh viable meniscal allograft (Missouri Osteochondral Preservation System (MOPS)‐preservation for 30 days) with menisco‐tibial ligament repair; fresh menisco‐tibial–fresh, viable meniscal‐tibial‐osteochondral allografts (MOPS‐preservation for 30 days) with menisco‐tibial ligament preservation and autogenous bone marrow aspirate concentrate on OCA bone. Assessment was performed up to 6 months after MAT. Pain, comfortable range of motion, imaging, and arthroscopic scores as well histological and cell viability findings were superior (P < .05) for the fresh menisco‐tibial group compared with the two other groups. Novel meniscal preservation and implantation techniques with fresh, MOPS‐preserved, viable meniscal‐osteochondral allografts with menisco‐tibial ligament preservation appears to be safe and effective for restoring knee function and joint health in this preclinical model. This has the potential to significantly improve outcomes after MAT.
MD‐PhD graduates remain underrepresented in orthopaedic surgery: National MD‐PhD Program Outcome Survey update
Authors: von Kaeppler Ericka P. , Akabas Myles H. , Brass Lawrence F. , Amanatullah Derek F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith the dramatic expansion of the biomedical knowledge base and increasing demands for evidence‐based medicine, the role of the clinician‐scientist is becoming increasingly important. In orthopaedic surgery, clinician‐scientists are at the forefront of translational efforts to address the growing burden of musculoskeletal disease, yet MD‐PhD trained investigators have historically been underrepresented in this field. Here, we examine the trend, over time, of MD‐PhD graduates pursuing orthopaedic surgery, compared with other specialties. Survey data from the 2018 Association of American Medical Colleges National MD‐PhD Program Outcomes Study, including data on 4,647 individuals who had completed residency training and 2,124 who were still in training, were reanalyzed. Numbers, proportions, workplace choice, and percent research effort of MD‐PhD graduates completing orthopaedic surgery were compared with other surgical and nonsurgical specialties. Trends over time were analyzed by linear regression. While a decreasing proportion of MD‐PhD graduates completed internal medicine training, just 1.1% of MD‐PhD graduates completed orthopaedic surgery training, lower than that of all other surgical specialties. The proportion of MD‐PhD graduates completing orthopaedic surgery has not increased over time and was mirrored in MD‐PhD residents still in training. Though MD‐PhDs are increasingly choosing to pursue “nontraditional” specialties, they remain underrepresented in orthopaedic surgery, compared with other clinical disciplines. Thus, there exists an opportunity to encourage MD‐PhD graduates to pursue careers in orthopaedic surgery, to supplement the existing intellectual capital in the orthopaedic science workforce. This, along with other strategies to support all orthopaedic surgeon‐scientists, will ultimately advance the care of musculoskeletal diseases.
Minimally invasive inguinal lymphadenectomy
Authors: Delman Keith A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe focus of this article is not purely on the technical aspects of a novel procedure, but also the considerations a team might pursue in adopting, modifying, or developing a new procedure of any type. Performing a minimally invasive inguinal lymphadenectomy is challenging even to individuals experience in laparoscopic techniques and with open lymphadenectomy. This article summarizes the approach to adopting any new technique and specifically addresses the learning curve for minimally invasive lymphadenectomy. In addition, specific technical aspects of the procedure are enumerated.
Minimally invasive gastrectomy for cancer and anastomotic options
Authors: Ju Michelle R. , Wang Sam C. , Zeh Herbert J. , Porembka Matthew R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this review article, we explore patient selection criteria for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) gastrectomy, present evidence on the risks and benefits of minimally invasive techniques, describe operative techniques focusing specifically on reconstruction options, and discuss the learning curve associated with these operations.
Mood Disorders are Associated With Increased Risk of BPPV: A National Sample Cohort
Authors: Kim Sung Kyun , Hong Seok Min , Park Il‐Seok , Lee Hyo‐Jung , Park Bumjung , Choi Hyo Geun 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesFew studies have reported that mood disorders increase the risk of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). The purpose of our study was to demonstrate whether the incidence of BPPV in those with mood disorders differs from that in a matched control group.Study DesignNationwide cohort observational study.MethodsKorean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service‐National Patient Samples were collected from 2002 to 2013. A 1:4 matched mood disorder group (n = 59,340) and control group (n = 237,720) were selected. The crude and adjusted (cerebral stroke, ischemic heart disease, anxiety disorder, and osteoporosis histories) hazard ratios (HRs) for depression and BPPV were analyzed using a stratified Cox proportional hazard model. The results were stratified by age, sex, income, region of residence, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in these analyses.ResultsThe incidence of BPPV was significantly higher in the mood disorder group than in the control group (3.2% vs. 2.1%, P < .001). Mood disorder increased the risk of BPPV (adjusted HR = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23–1.39, P < .001). In subgroup analyses, the incidence of BPPV in all age groups and in both sexes was significantly higher in the mood disorder group than in the control group.ConclusionThis population‐based cohort study demonstrates that mood disorder was significantly associated with BPPV.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 131:380–385, 2021