bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opioid Use Disorder Increases 30-Day Readmission Risk in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Hospitalizations: a Nationwide Matched Analysis
Authors: Charilaou Paris , Mohapatra Sonmoon , Joshi Tejas , Devani Kalpit , Gadiparthi Chiranjeevi , Pitchumoni Capecomorin S , Goldstein Debra 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
The opioid epidemic has become increasingly concerning, with the ever-increasing prescribing of opioid medications in recent years, especially in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients with chronic pain. We aimed to isolate the effect of opioid use disorder [OUD] on 30-day readmission risk after an IBD-related hospitalization.

Methods
We retrospectively extracted IBD-related adult hospitalizations and 30-day, any-cause, readmissions from the National Readmissions Database [period 2010–2014]. OUD and 30-day readmission trends were calculated. Conventional and exact-matched [EM] logistic regression and time-to-event analyses were conducted among patients who did not undergo surgery during the index hospitalization, to estimate the effect of OUD on 30-day readmission risk.

Results
In total, 487 728 cases were identified: 6633 [1.4%] had documented OUD And 308 845 patients [63.3%] had Crohn’s disease. Mean age was 44.8 ± 0.1 years, and 54.3% were women. Overall, 30-day readmission rate was 19.4% [n = 94,546], being higher in OUD patients [32.6% vs 19.2%; p &lt; 0.001]. OUD cases have been increasing [1.1% to 1.7%; p-trend &lt; 0.001], while 30-day readmission rates were stable [p-trend = 0.191]. In time-to-event EM analysis, OUD patients were 47% more likely (hazard ratio 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.28–1.69; p &lt; 0.001) to be readmitted, on average being readmitted 32% earlier [time ratio 0.68; 95% CI: 0.59–0.78; p &lt; 0.001].

Conclusion
OUD prevalence has been increasing in hospitalized IBD patients from 2010 to 2014. On average, one in five patients will be readmitted within 30 days, with up to one in three among the OUD subgroup. OUD is significantly associated with increased 30-day readmission risk in IBD patients and further measures relating to closer post-discharge outpatient follow-up and pain management should be considered to minimize 30-day readmission risk.
Madurella mycetomatis, the main causative agent of eumycetoma, is highly susceptible to olorofim
Authors: Lim Wilson , Eadie Kimberly , Konings Mickey , Rijnders Bart , Fahal Ahmed H , Oliver Jason D , Birch Mike , Verbon Annelies , van de Sande Wendy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Eumycetoma is currently treated with a combination of itraconazole therapy and surgery, with limited success. Recently, olorofim, the lead candidate of the orotomides, a novel class of antifungal agents, entered a Phase II trial for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. Here we determined the activity of olorofim against Madurella mycetomatis, the main causative agent of eumycetoma.

Methods
Activity of olorofim against M. mycetomatis was determined by in silico comparison of the target gene, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), and in vitro susceptibility testing. We also investigated the in vitro interaction between olorofim and itraconazole against M. mycetomatis.

Results
M. mycetomatis and Aspergillus fumigatus share six out of seven predicted binding residues in their DHODH DNA sequence, predicting susceptibility to olorofim. Olorofim demonstrated excellent potency against M. mycetomatis in vivo with MICs ranging from 0.004 to 0.125 mg/L and an MIC90 of 0.063 mg/L. Olorofim MICs were mostly one dilution step lower than the itraconazole MICs. In vitro interaction studies demonstrated that olorofim and itraconazole work indifferently when combined.

Conclusions
We demonstrated olorofim has potent in vitro activity against M. mycetomatis and should be further evaluated in vivo as a treatment option for this disease.
202 Repeatability of estrus detection patch readings and relationship with breeding success
Authors: Mercadante Vitor R G , White Robin R , Bradford Heather L , Dias Nicholas W , Timlin Claire , Pancini Stefania , Currin John , Clarke Sherrie , Stewart Jamie F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess how well estrus detection patch readings correlated to successful AI breedings and to characterize the within-cow repeatability of estrus detection patch readings across breeding seasons. Data from the Virginia Department of Corrections beef cattle herds were collated for 7 locations over 7 years, with 2 calving seasons per year. Data from Spring of 2011 were missing. The full dataset contained 19,253 individual animal observations, of which 2,389 observations were omitted for failure to report estrus detection patch data. The relationship between estrus patch reading and pregnancy rate to fixed-time AI and subsequent natural service pregnancy rate was assessed by calculating the sensitivity and specificity of patch readings within each location during each breeding season. A true positive was defined as a patch activating and a cow being confirmed pregnant. A true negative was a patch remaining in the non activated state and a cow being confirmed open. A false positive was defined as a patch activating and a cow being confirmed open. A false negative was a patch failing to activate and a cow being confirmed pregnant. Pregnancy rate to AI sensitivity ranged from 0.2 to 1 with a mean of 0.583. Specificity ranged from 0 to 1 with a mean of 0.525. Subsequent natural service pregnancy rate), ranges in sensitivity (0.197 to 1.00, mean 0.563) and specificity (0 to 1, mean 0.545) were similar. Of the 6,249 animals with usable patch data, 934 never presented with an activated patch and 2,064 presented with an activated patch every breeding season. The remaining 3,251 animals averaged presenting with an activated patch 47% of the time and a non-activated patch 46% of the time. Odds of getting pregnant by AI for cows that always flag with the heat patch were 0.415.
41 Reproductive management of beef females in South America
Authors: Vasconcelos Jose Luiz Moraes , Cooke Reinaldo F , Meneghetti Mauro , Junior Isaias Claro , Peres Rogerio , Rodrigues Adnan , Aono Fernando , Costa Wedson , Sá Filho Ocilon 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The majority of beef cow herds in South America are constituted by Bos indicus females, which have particular reproductive features that contribute to reduced reproductive efficiency compared with that of B. taurus cohorts. B. indicus heifers reach puberty at an older age compared with B. taurus heifers. Nutritional challenges are critical in cows maintained on low-quality tropical pastures, given that nutrient intake during the postpartum period is not sufficient to meet their requirements for growth and lactation. Several alternatives to enhance reproductive efficiency of B. indicus heifers and cows have been developed to address their inherent reproductive shortcomings. These research-based technologies include: a) hormonal protocols to induce puberty in nulliparous heifers, b) hormonal protocols to synchronize estrus and/or ovulation in B. indicus females to exploit their reproductive responses to artificial insemination, and c) genetic and environmental factors that influence reproductive success in beef herds, including reproductive diseases and excitable temperament of B. indicus females, which have been investigated to support/promote the development of appropriate mitigation technologies. The objective of this presentation is to discuss pharmacological and management technologies to improve reproductive performance of cow-calf systems from tropical areas in South America. Currently, there are hormonal treatments allowing South American B. indicus producers to reach the benchmark of 50% pregnancy rate to TAI, as well as enhance the percentage of cows becoming pregnant to AI at the beginning of the breeding season. This outcome is expected to optimize use of labor, and increase calf weaning age and weight via genetic improvement and concentration of births at the beginning of the calving season.
246 Salivary electrolyte turnover in mid-distance trained sled dogs during 12 weeks of incremental conditioning
Authors: Templeman James , McCarthy Noelle , Lindinger Michael , Shoveller Anna-Kate 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Regular exercise improves the health status of dogs; however, extreme exertion in the absence of adequate fluid and electrolyte replacement may decrease performance due to dehydration and cardiovascular stress. Unlike humans and horses, exercising dogs thermoregulate predominantly through respiratory and salivary losses, yet there is limited literature defining changes due to exercise in canine salivary electrolytes. The objective was to investigate the effects of a stepwise exercise regimen on salivary electrolyte concentrations in sled dogs. A training regimen was implemented whereby exercise intensity and duration increased incrementally over 12 weeks and was only altered due to inclement weather. Using sterile gauze and forceps, saliva samples were collected from 16 client owned Siberian Huskies at week-0 (pre-run, post-5.7km-run), week-6 (pre-run, 5.7km, post-39km-run), week-12 (pre-run, 5.7km, post-39km-run). Samples were analyzed for sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous using photometric and indirect ion-selective electrode analysis. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS (v.9.4; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Means were separated using the Tukey adjustment. When compared across weeks, sodium, chloride, potassium, and calcium did not differ at any sampling time point. Throughout the 12 weeks, pre-run and 5.7km phosphorus, and 5.7 and 39km magnesium had increased (P &lt; 0.05). Data were then pooled to evaluate changes due to run distance. Pre-run calcium and phosphorus was higher than at 5.7 and 39km (P &lt; 0.05). Magnesium at 39km was greater than 5.7km, and at 5.7km was greater than pre-run (P &lt; 0.05). Pre-run sodium was lower than at 5.7 and 39km (P &lt; 0.05). Chloride at 5.7km was similar to pre-run and 39km, and at 39km was greater than pre-run (P &lt; 0.05). These data suggest that as dogs become conditioned, they do not employ mechanisms to conserve salivary electrolytes, and that an electrolyte supplement with magnesium, sodium and chloride could be beneficial for sporting dogs.
238 Effects of algae DHA on parameters of nutrient digestibility, blood coagulation and serum fatty acid profile
Authors: James Carrie , He Fei , Mangian Heather , Hoke Jolene , Davenport Gary , de Godoy Maria R C 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Algae can be a sustainable alternative for dietary supplementation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (w3-PUFAs; DHA and EPA), however there is limited information on the safety and bioavailability of w3-PUFAs from algal sources in feline diets. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of Algal-DHA on plasma fatty acid profile, blood coagulation, and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility (ATTD) in adult cats. Three diets were formulated to contain poultry fat or a 2% inclusion of fish oil or DHA-algal meal. Thirty female and male adult cats (mean age: 1.8 ± 0.03 yrs, mean BW: 4.5 ± 0.8 kg) were used in a complete randomized design and fed assigned diets for 90 days. Fasted blood samples were collected on days 0, 30, 60 and 90 and analyzed for serum chemistry, complete blood count, coagulation factors, and plasma fatty acid profile. At the end of the experimental period, a 4-d total fecal collection was performed for determination of ATTD of macronutrients and fecal score. There were no significant (P &gt; 0.05) differences in food intake, fecal output and scores among dietary treatments. Similarly, ATTD of dry matter and organic did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) among diets. Dietary supplementation of fish oil or algal-DHA did not affect (P &gt; 0.05) plasma prothrombin time or partial thromboplastin time. All cats remained healthy throughout the study. Serum triglyceride concentrations were within reference range, but were significantly higher for DHA on days 30 and 90 vs. day 0. Results gathered herein indicate that feeding an algal-DHA enriched diet is safe and will not negatively impact nutrient digestibility, food intake, or coagulation factors in adult cats.
167 Evaluation of an out-of-season breeding system for organic lamb production in missouri
Authors: Wuliji Tumen , Bax Amy , Wuri Liga , Wilbers Luke , Boeckmann Christopher 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Organic production is one of the fastest growing food and agriculture industry. The seasonality of lamb production affects lamb markets and prices, whereas, an out-of-season breeding and organic fall lamb production scheme may enhance product availability and competiveness. Six rams and 100 Katahdin ewes were selected for an out-of-season breeding during April and May of 2017 and 2018, for two production years. Ewes were synchronized for estrus using CIDR® device (EaziBreed™) (12 d) before breeding and fed ‘flushing’ feed for four weeks. Ewes were bred in mixed sire groups for two estrus cycles (35 d). Animals were rotationally grazed and maintained good body condition score (3.0) throughout the seasons at certified organic farm in Missouri. Mean live weight measured monthly from breeding to lambing were 57.8, 60.1, 62.1, 64.7, and 59.3 kg. Eighty nine ewes lambed in fall 2017 giving birth to 121 lambs (136% lambing rate) and eighty eight ewes lambed in 2018 giving birth to 126 lambs (143% lambing rate). Ninety seven percent of weaned lambs were maintained as an organic production status for marketing. Lamb birth weight, average daily gain weight, weaning weight, and 30 d post weaning weight, post weaning average daily gain weight were recorded for 2017 born lambs as 3.74±0.03 kg, 21.00±0.24 kg, 24.78±0.28 kg, 176±2 g/d respectively. Organic weaner lambs were sold for 5 to 15% higher price values (P &lt; 0.05) per unit than non-organic peer groups at a local livestock auction sale.
PSII-8 Effects of polyamines and trenbolone acetate on proliferation rates of murine myoblasts
Authors: Smith Laura A , Ineck Nikole E , Udy Brynne A , Erickson Chris L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Androgens, such as testosterone, increase growth of skeletal muscle, although the exact mechanism through which these molecules function to increase growth of skeletal muscle remains unknown. Recent research indicates that one of the mechanisms through which androgens improve skeletal muscle growth is by modulation of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. Polyamines are naturally occurring amino acid derivatives that are found in many whole foods and are potent stimulators of cell proliferation in several different cell types. However, the effect that polyamines have on growth of skeletal muscle has not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect that trenbolone acetate (a testosterone analog, TBA), polyamines (putrescine, spermine, and spermidine), and polyamine precursors (methionine and ornithine) have on proliferation of Sol8 and C2C12 murine myoblasts. Cultures were treated with 1% fetal bovine serum and 10 nM TBA, 10 mM methionine, 8 mM ornithine, 3 mM putrescine, 1.5 mM spermidine, or 0.5 mM spermine and proliferation rates were compared to a control (1% fetal bovine serum). Sol8 cells that were treated with 10 nM TBA and 10 mM methionine had increased (P &lt; 0.001) proliferation rates compared to the control. C2C12 cells that were treated with 10 nM TBA, 8 mM ornithine, or 1.5 mM spermidine had increased (P &lt; 0.001) proliferation rates compared to the control. This research demonstrates that TBA, some polyamines, and some polyamine precursors increase proliferation of myoblasts and thus, are capable of enhancing the rate of skeletal muscle growth. However, further research is needed to understand the relationship between androgens and the polyamine biosynthetic pathway relative to skeletal muscle growth.
PSI-26 Effects of low-moisture, sugarcane molasses-based block supplementation on feed intake and ingestive behavior of Nellore steers fed low-quality forage
Authors: Feliciano Andresa L , Pereira-Junior Sérgio A G , Granja-Salcedo Yury , Grilo Livia Maria Sampaio Ferraz Sepini de Souza , Artioli Luís Felipe Arelaro , Barbosa Fabiano A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We evaluated the effects of low-moisture, sugarcane molasses-based block supplementation (LMB) on dry matter and nutrients intake and measurements of feeding behavior of steers fed low quality forage. Six rumen cannulated Nellore steers (23 months, 350 ± 10 kg) were distributed in a 3 × 3 double Latin square design. The treatments were Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu hay ad libtum as an exclusive source of bulky and supplements: complete mineral blend with urea [UR, (urea, salt, mineral-vitamin premix)], a commercial protein supplement [PS, (corn grain, soybean meal, urea, salt and mineral-vitamin premix)] or low-moisture, cooked sugarcane molasses-based protein block [LMB, (cane molasses, cottonseed meal, soybean oil, urea, salt and mineral-vitamin premix)]. Each experimental period (3) lasted 21 days (14 days of adaptation and 7 days of data collection). The animals were fed twice a day (7:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m.) and the offered and refused hay were weighed every morning to calculate DM and NDF intake. On feeding behavior measurements, trained observers assesed the animals behavior at 5-minute intervals for 24 hours. We evaluated the feeding time, water intake, rumination, idle and others. The rumination parameters and the average chewing time were observed using digital timer. The data were analyzed using Software R, having as fixed effect the treatments and as animal random effect, period, Latin square and error. The hay (P = 0.024), Total DM (g/day, P = 0.001 and % BW, P = 0.001), NDF (P = 0.027) and supplement (P &lt; 0.001) intake was greater for animals supplemented with PS, besides the feeding time (P &lt; 0.001). While no effect was observed on the other measurements. In summary, none of the supplements were able to increase DMI to its standard value of around 2 % of BW. Supplementation with LMB did not alter the feeding behavior in Nellore steers.
PSXII-2 DI/LC-MS/MS-based plasma metabolomics reveals the effects of sequestering agents on the metabolic status of dairy cows challenged with dietary aflatoxin B1
Authors: Ogunade Ibukun M , Jiang Yun , Adesogan Adegbola T 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The study applied a targeted quantitative metabolomics approach using a combination of direct injection and tandem mass spectrometry (DI-MS/MS) with a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based plasma metabolomics to evaluate the effects of supplementing clay and/or a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) on the metabolic status of dairy cows challenged with aflatoxin B1. Eight lactating cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a balanced 4 × 4 Latin square design with 2 squares. Treatments were control, toxin (T; 1725 µg AFB1/head/day), T with clay (CL; 200 g/head/day), and CL with SCFP (CL+SCFP; 35 g of SCFP/head/day). Cows in T, CL, and CL+SCFP were dosed with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from d 26 to 30. The sequestering agents were top-dressed from d 1 to 33. On d 30 of each period, 15 mL of blood was taken from the coccygeal vessels and plasma samples were prepared by centrifugation. Plasma samples were analyzed using a kit that combines DI-MS/MS with LC-MS/MS. The data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. The model included the effects of treatment, period, and random effects of cow and square. Significance was declared at P ≤ 0.05. A total of 128 metabolites, including amino acids, biogenic amines, acylcarnitines, glycerophospholipids, and organic acids were quantified. Compared to the control, T decreased (P ≤ 0.05) plasma concentrations of 16 metabolites (6 amino acids, 6 acylcarnitines, and 4 glycerophospholipids). In contrast, T increased plasma concentrations of sarcosine, uric acid, and aspartic acid. Treatment with CL increased concentrations of arginine, lysine, and 5 organic acids. Treatment with CL+SCFP increased the concentrations of 7 amino acids and 4 acylcarnitines, but reduced the concentrations of sarcosine and 3 organic acids. Results of this study indicate that supplementing clay and/or SCFP altered plasma metabolomic profile in dairy cows challenged with AFB1.
PSX-36 Effect of forage neutral digestion fiber level for feedlot lambs: growth performance
Authors: Godinez Josue , Plascencia Alejandro , Castrejón-Pineda Francisco , Ramírez-Orejel Juan Carlos , Corona Luis 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The main objective of sheep production in Mexico is the production of meat. The greater demand of sheep meat in relation to the offer generated an attractive market that favored the intensification of the fattening, to take advantage of the growth of lambs in its different stages, and reduce the days of fattening. Thirty-two lambs (28.50± 2.67 kg initial shrunk weight) were used in a 63-day feeding trial (4 pens per treatment, randomized complete block design) to evaluate neutral detergent fiber level (4, 8, 12, and 16% diet DM) on finishing-phase growth performance, dietary energetics and carcass traits. Dietary treatments consisted of a cracked corn-based diet in which the NDF concentration of diet was manipulated by replacing cracked corn grain by corn stubble. Dietary NDF level showed a quadratic response on average daily gain and gain efficiency, being those maximal at 8% NDF level. Lambs fed 8% NDF level tended (P = 0.07) to shown greater dry matter intake than others treatments. The ratio of observed-to-expected dietary net energy was 3% lower (0.97) for lambs fed 4% NDF, while the ratio of observed-to-expected dietary net energy for lambs that were fed with 8, 16 and 16% NDF were closely to 1.00. Hot carcass weight (HCW) and dressing percentage (DP) were maximal for the lambs fed 8% NDF level (quadratic effect, P ≤ 0.03); beyond this level, HCW and DP percentage decreased as NDF level increased. Using corn stubble as source of NDF in growing-finishing diets for lambs, the optimal NDF level was 8%. Fiber level below 8% decreases net energy utilization, and this may be cause by digestive disorders. Fiber levels upper 8% did not affect energy utilization; however, affect negatively average daily gain, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics by effect of high levels of fiber on energy dilution of diet.
Using a Coproduction Approach to Map Future Forest Retention Likelihood in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Greene Rachel E , Evans Kristine O , Gray Michael T , Jones-Farrand D Todd , Wathen William G 
Published: December 2019

AbstractForestlands in the Southern United States provide important ecological and socioeconomic services that are under increasing pressure from development and other stressors. We used a coproduction approach with 50+ stakeholders to create a qualitative, spatially explicit Forest Retention Index to provide a gradient of future forest retention likelihood on presently forested lands. An estimated 17.7 million acres are at high risk of forest loss by 2060. These losses are largely driven by urbanization, but sea-level rise plays a key role in some coastal areas. Approximately 59 percent of southern forest is projected to be retained with High or Very High likelihood but is unevenly distributed among southern states. Approximately 8 percent of highly biodiverse forest is at high risk of land-use conversion. This tool provides a collaborative, transparent, and defensible mapping product that can aid in identification of key areas where retaining forest is critical to maintaining ecological and socioeconomic integrity.