bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital hyperextension has no influence on the active self‐drying of gecko adhesive subdigital pads
Authors: Garner Austin M. , Buo Carrie , Piechowski Jennifer M. , Pamfilie Alexandra M. , Stefanovic Sharon R. , Dhinojwala Ali , Niewiarowski Peter H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe remarkable properties of the gecko adhesive system have been intensively studied. Although many gecko‐inspired synthetic adhesives have been designed and fabricated, few manage to capture the multifunctionality of the natural system. Analogous to previously documented self‐cleaning, recent work demonstrated that gecko toe pads dry when geckos take steps on dry substrates (i.e., self‐drying). Whether digital hyperextension (DH), the distal to proximal peeling of gecko toe pads, is involved in the self‐drying process, had not been determined. Here, the effect of DH on self‐drying was isolated by preventing DH from occurring during normal walking locomotion of Gekko gecko after toe pads were wetted. Our initial analysis revealed low statistical power, so we increased our sample size to determine the robustness of our result. We found that neither DH nor the DH–substrate interaction had a significant effect on the maximum shear adhesive force after self‐drying. These results suggest that DH is not necessary for self‐drying to occur. Interestingly, however, we discovered that shear adhesion is higher on a surface tending hydrophobic compared to a hydrophilic surface, demonstrating that gecko adhesion is sensitive to substrate wettability during the subdigital pad drying process. Furthermore, we also observed frequent damage to the adhesive system during shear adhesion testing post‐drying, indicating that water may compromise the structural integrity of the adhesive structures. Our results not only have behavioral and ecological implications for free‐ranging geckos but also have the potential to influence the design and fabrication of gecko‐inspired synthetic adhesives that can regain adhesion after fouling with water.
SO4−2/SnO2–catalyzed cyclocondensation for the synthesis of fully functionalized pyridines
Authors: Koduri Ramesh Goud , Pagadala Ramakanth , Boodida Sathyanarayana , Varala Ravi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn efficient and promising synthetic approach to assemble skeletons of multifunctionalized pyridine derivatives in presence of recyclable heterogeneous sulfated tin oxide (STO) catalyst has been evolved. The STO catalyst was used as a promoter for the cyclocondensation process in ethanol at 70°C. Overall performance of this catalyst was attributed to the cooperative contribution of its Lewis and Brønsted‐Lowry acidic sites. Nanosized STO catalyst was synthesized by using sol‐gel process and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), 1H‐NMR, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This catalyst tolerates most of the substrates, and protocol shows precious capabilities consist of high yields, operational simplicity, less reaction time, and eco‐friendly conditions. The newly synthesized heterogeneous catalyst was easily separated and reused. All the reactions are carried out for subsequent cycles without significant loss of catalytic activity and with good proficiency.
PDZ/PDZ interaction between PSD‐95 and nNOS neuronal proteins
Authors: Murciano‐Calles Javier , Coello Andrea , Cámara‐Artigas Ana , Martinez Jose C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractN‐Methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors are key components in synaptic communication and are highly relevant in central nervous disorders, where they trigger excessive calcium entry into the neuronal cells causing harmful overproduction of nitric oxide by the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) protein. Remarkably, NMDA receptor activation is aided by a second protein, postsynaptic density of 95 kDa (PSD95), forming the ternary protein complex NMDA/PSD95/nNOS. To minimize the potential side effects derived from blocking this ternary complex or either of its protein components, a promising approach points to the disruption of the PSD‐95/nNOS interaction which is mediated by a PDZ/PDZ domain complex. Since the rational development of molecules targeting such protein‐protein interaction relies on energetic and structural information herein, we include a thermodynamic and structural analysis of the PSD95‐PDZ2/nNOS‐PDZ. Two energetically relevant events are structurally linked to a “two‐faced” or two areas of recognition between both domains. First, the assembly of a four‐stranded antiparallel β‐sheet between the β hairpins of nNOS and of PSD95‐PDZ2, mainly enthalpic in nature, contributes 80% to the affinity. Second, binding is entropically reinforced by the hydrophobic interaction between side chains of the same nNOS β‐hairpin with the side chains of α2‐helix at the binding site of PSD95‐PDZ2, contributing the remaining 20% of the total affinity. These results suggest strategies for the future rational design of molecules able to disrupt this complex and constitute the first exhaustive thermodynamic analysis of a PDZ/PDZ interaction.
When entrepreneurs instigate institutional change through coopetition: The case of winemakers in south of France
Authors: Granata Julien , Géraudel Mickael , d'Armagnac Sophie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWinemakers in South France combine contingently institutional logics to achieve economic performance. Entrepreneurs who decide to cooperate with their competitors must manage four phases of “coopetition”: launch, formalization, protection, and reinforcement. They engage in the coopetition process by referring to a professional logic that becomes dominant, and they complete the process by fostering a community logic that is combined with the professional logic. Identity and legitimacy are the key elements that entrepreneurs segregate and blend, which entails new combinations in the respective influential power of state logic, professional logic and community logic.
Changes in chlorophyll concentration and phenology in the North Sea in relation to de‐eutrophication and sea surface warming
Authors: Desmit Xavier , Nohe Anja , Borges Alberto Vieira , Prins Theo , De Cauwer Karien , Lagring Ruth , Van der Zande Dimitry , Sabbe Koen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAt least two major drivers of phytoplankton production have changed in recent decades in the North Sea: sea surface temperature (SST) has increased by ~ 1.6°C between 1988 and 2014, and the nitrogen and phosphorus loads from surrounding rivers have decreased from the mid‐1980s onward, following reduction policies. Long time series spanning four decades (1975–2015) of nutrients, chlorophyll (Chl), and pH measurements in the Southern and Central North Sea were analyzed to assess the impact of both the warming and the de‐eutrophication trends on Chl. The de‐eutrophication process, detectable in the reduction of nutrient river loads to the sea, caused a decrease of nutrient concentrations in coastal waters under riverine influence. A decline in annual mean Chl was observed at 11 out of 18 sampling sites (coastal and offshore) in the period 1988–2016. Also, a shift in Chl phenology was observed around 2000, with spring bloom formation occurring earlier in the year. A long time series of pH in the Southern North Sea showed an increase until the mid‐1980s followed by a rapid decrease, suggesting changes in phytoplankton production that would support the observed changes in Chl. Linear correlations, however, did not reveal significant relationships between Chl variability and winter nutrients or SST at the sampling sites. We propose that the observed changes in Chl (annual or seasonal) around 2000 are a response of phytoplankton dynamics to multiple stressors, directly or indirectly influenced by de‐eutrophication and climate warming.
The global Microcystis interactome
Authors: Cook Katherine V. , Li Chuang , Cai Haiyuan , Krumholz Lee R. , Hambright K. David , Paerl Hans W. , Steffen Morgan M. , Wilson Alan E. , Burford Michele A. , Grossart Hans‐Peter , Hamilton David P. , Jiang Helong , Sukenik Assaf , Latour Delphine , Meyer Elisabeth I. , Padisák Judit , Qin Boqiang , Zamor Richard M. , Zhu Guangwei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBacteria play key roles in the function and diversity of aquatic systems, but aside from study of specific bloom systems, little is known about the diversity or biogeography of bacteria associated with harmful cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABs). CyanoHAB species are known to shape bacterial community composition and to rely on functions provided by the associated bacteria, leading to the hypothesized cyanoHAB interactome, a coevolved community of synergistic and interacting bacteria species, each necessary for the success of the others. Here, we surveyed the microbiome associated with Microcystis aeruginosa during blooms in 12 lakes spanning four continents as an initial test of the hypothesized Microcystis interactome. We predicted that microbiome composition and functional potential would be similar across blooms globally. Our results, as revealed by 16S rRNA sequence similarity, indicate that M. aeruginosa is cosmopolitan in lakes across a 280° longitudinal and 90° latitudinal gradient. The microbiome communities were represented by a wide range of operational taxonomic units and relative abundances. Highly abundant taxa were more related and shared across most sites and did not vary with geographic distance, thus, like Microcystis, revealing no evidence for dispersal limitation. High phylogenetic relatedness, both within and across lakes, indicates that microbiome bacteria with similar functional potential were associated with all blooms. While Microcystis and the microbiome bacteria shared many genes, whole‐community metagenomic analysis revealed a suite of biochemical pathways that could be considered complementary. Our results demonstrate a high degree of similarity across global Microcystis blooms, thereby providing initial support for the hypothesized Microcystis interactome.
Prevalence and Clinical Aspects of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Baiano Chiara , Barone Paolo , Trojano Luigi , Santangelo Gabriella 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMild cognitive impairment associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) is a risk factor for the development of dementia. Despite the importance of early identification of mild cognitive impairment in PD, its prevalence and clinical correlates are still debated. The present meta‐analysis provides a robust estimate of prevalence rate of mild cognitive impairment in PD according to the Movement Disorder Society clinical criteria and to explore the differences between PD patients with and without mild cognitive impairment in demographic, clinical, and neuropsychiatric features. A systematic literature search was performed up to April 2019 using PsycInfo (PROQUEST), PubMed, and Scopus. From 4706 titles and abstracts, 41 studies were selected (n = 7053 patients). Pooled mild cognitive impairment prevalence was 40% on a total sample of 7053 PD patients (95% confidence interval = 36–44; Q = 490.14, P < 0.0001; I2 = 91.84%) with a higher frequency for the multiple domain subtype (31%; 95% confidence interval = 23–41, Q = 93.24; P < 0.0001; I2 = 92.49%). Meta‐regression analysis revealed that stage of PD moderate prevalence estimates of mild cognitive impairment (β = 2.80; P = 0.008). Mild cognitive impairment in PD was associated with older age, lower education, longer disease duration, higher levodopa equivalent daily dose, more severe motor symptoms, and postural instability/gait difficulty motor subtype, poorer quality of life, higher levels of apathy, and depression. The present meta‐analysis indicated that mild cognitive impairment in PD is a frequent cognitive status deserving to be early detected by means of standardized cognitive assessments in clinical practice. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A cosparse analysis model with combined redundant systems for MRI reconstruction
Authors: Luo Yu , Ling Jie , Gong Yi , Long Jinyi 
Published: November 2019

PurposeMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used due to its noninvasive and nonionizing properties. However, MRI requires a long scanning time. In this paper, our goal is to reconstruct a high‐quality MR image from its sampled k‐space data to accelerate the data acquisition in MRI.MethodsWe propose a cosparse analysis model with combined redundant systems to fully exploit the sparsity of MR images. Two fixed redundant systems are used to characterize different structures, namely, the wavelet tight frame and Gabor frame. An alternating iteration scheme is used for reconstruction with simple implementation and good performance.ResultsThe proposed method is tested on two MR images under three sampling patterns with sampling ratios ranging from 10% to 60%. The results show that the proposed method outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art MRI reconstruction methods in terms of both subjective visual quality and objective quantitative measurement. For instance, for brain images under random sampling with a ratio of 10%, compared to the other three methods, the proposed method improves the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) by more than 9 dB.ConclusionsTo better characterize different sparsities of different structures of MRI, a cosparse analysis model combining the wavelet tight frame and Gabor frame is proposed. A partial norm regularization is leveraged to obtain the optimal solution in a lower dimension. Compared to other state‐of‐the‐art MRI reconstruction methods, the proposed method improves the reconstruction quality of MRI, especially highly undersampled MRI.
Robust outer volume suppression utilizing elliptical pulsed second order fields (ECLIPSE) for human brain proton MRSI
Authors: Kumaragamage Chathura , De Feyter Henk M. , Brown Peter , McIntyre Scott , Nixon Terence W. , de Graaf Robin A. 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe robust and reliable utilization of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) at high fields is hampered by several key technical difficulties, including contamination from extracranial lipids. To that end, this work presents novel lipid suppression sequences for proton MRSI in the human brain utilizing elliptical localization with pulsed second‐order fields (ECLIPSE).MethodsTwo lipid suppression methods were implemented with the ECLIPSE gradient insert. One method is a variable power, 4‐pulse sequence optimized to achieve outer volume suppression (OVS) and compared against a standard, 8‐slice OVS method. The second ECLIPSE method is implemented as an inversion recovery (IR) sequence with elliptical inner volume selection (IVS) and compared against a global IR method.ResultsThe ECLIPSE‐OVS sequence provided a 116‐fold mean lipid suppression (range, 104–134), whereas an optimized 8‐slice OVS sequence achieved 15‐fold suppression (range, 13–18). Furthermore, the superior ECLIPSE‐OVS suppression was achieved at 30% of the radiofrequency (RF) power required by 8‐slice OVS. The ECLIPSE‐based IR sequence suppressed skull lipids by 155‐fold (range, 122–257), compared to 16‐fold suppression (range, 14–19) achieved with IR.ConclusionOVS and IVS executed with ECLIPSE provide robust and effective lipid suppression at reduced RF power with high immunity to variations in B1 and T1.
Maceration determines diagnostic yield of fetal and neonatal whole body post‐mortem ultrasound
Authors: Shelmerdine Susan Cheng , Langan Dean , Mandalia Uday , Sebire Neil James , Arthurs Owen John 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo determine factors in nondiagnostic fetal and neonatal post‐mortem ultrasound (PMUS) examinations.MethodsAll fetal and neonatal PMUS examinations were included over a 5‐year study period (2014‐2019). Nondiagnostic image quality by body parts (brain, spine, thorax, cardiac, and abdomen) was recorded and correlated with patient variables. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify significant factors for nondiagnostic studies.ResultsTwo hundred sixty‐five PMUS examinations were included, with median gestational age of 22 weeks (12‐42 wk), post‐mortem weight of 363 g (16‐4033 g), and post‐mortem interval of 8 days (0‐39 d).Diagnostic imaging quality was achieved for 178/265 (67.2%) studies. It was high for abdominal (263/265, 99.2%), thoracic (264/265, 99.6%), and spine (265/265, 100%) but lower for brain (210/265, 79.2%) and cardiac imaging (213/265, 80.4%). Maceration was the best overall predictor for nondiagnostic imaging quality (P < .0001). Post‐mortem fetal weight was positively associated with cardiac (P = .0133) and negatively associated with brain imaging quality (P = .0002). Post‐mortem interval was not a significant predictor.ConclusionsFetal maceration was the best predictor for nondiagnostic PMUS, particularly for brain and heart. Fetuses with marked maceration and suspected cardiac or brain anomalies should be prioritised for post‐mortem MRI.
Escapement mechanisms: Efficient free energy transduction by reciprocally‐coupled gating
Authors: Carter Charles W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractConversion of the free energy of NTP hydrolysis efficiently into mechanical work and/or information by transducing enzymes sustains living systems far from equilibrium, and so has been of interest for many decades. Detailed molecular mechanisms, however, remain puzzling and incomplete. We previously reported that catalysis of tryptophan activation by tryptophanyl‐tRNA synthetase, TrpRS, requires relative domain motion to re‐position the catalytic Mg2+ ion, noting the analogy between that conditional hydrolysis of ATP and the escapement mechanism of a mechanical clock. The escapement allows the time‐keeping mechanism to advance discretely, one gear at a time, if and only if the pendulum swings, thereby converting energy from the weight driving the pendulum into rotation of the hands. Coupling of catalysis to domain motion, however, mimics only half of the escapement mechanism, suggesting that domain motion may also be reciprocally coupled to catalysis, completing the escapement metaphor. Computational studies of the free energy surface restraining the domain motion later confirmed that reciprocal coupling: the catalytic domain motion is thermodynamically unfavorable unless the PPi product is released from the active site. These two conditional phenomena—demonstrated together only for the TrpRS mechanism—function as reciprocally‐coupled gates. As we and others have noted, such an escapement mechanism is essential to the efficient transduction of NTP hydrolysis free energy into other useful forms of mechanical or chemical work and/or information. Some implementation of both gating mechanisms—catalysis by domain motion and domain motion by catalysis—will thus likely be found in many other systems.
Decentralized event‐triggered circle formation control for multiagent systems via synchronous periodic event detection
Authors: Wen Jiayan , Wang Chen , Xu Peng , Xie Guangming 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThis paper investigates circle formation problem of multiagent systems over a kind of strongly connected and weight‐unbalanced directed graphs. To solve the concerned problem, decentralized periodic event‐triggered algorithms subject to or not to time delays are proposed, which have the advantages of decreasing the overall burden of the network in terms of finite communication and control input updates. In such algorithms, each agent independently evaluates whether the locally sampled information of itself should be broadcasted to or not to its neighbors. Furthermore, another advantage of our proposed algorithms is to automatically exclude Zeno behavior, which should be seriously considered in a variety of event‐based network systems. Sufficient conditions on circle formation control are derived under which the states of all agents can be ensured to converge to some desired equilibrium point. Simulation results are given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
The Advances of Metal Sulfides and In Situ Characterization Methods beyond Li Ion Batteries: Sodium, Potassium, and Aluminum Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Jingwei , Chua Daniel H. C. , Lee Pooi See 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWith increasing cost and supply risks of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), exploitation of alternative metal‐ion batteries has been ongoing in recent years. Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs), and aluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs) have unique advantages as post‐LIB alternatives. Nonetheless, development of electrode materials with high capacity, good reversibility, and extended cycling stability remains challenging. Metal sulfides (MSs), with improved electronic conductivity and better reversibility than metal oxide counterparts, as well as high theoretical capacities, are deemed as promising electrode materials and have been investigated in SIBs, PIBs, and AIBs. However, the cycling stability of MSs is still a persistent limitation. In order to manifest the advantages while overcoming the drawbacks of MSs, multiple strategies have been attempted. In this review, the approaches to improve the electrochemical performances of MSs in SIBs, PIBs, and AIBs, including nanostructuring and carbon incorporation, creation of hollow interiors, composition and crystal structures engineering, etc., are summarized and elaborated. Recent advances using in situ characterization methods to probe the complex electrochemical mechanisms of MSs in SIBs, PIBs, and AIBs are also presented and highlighted. The issues to be tackled are listed and the future directions for performance improvements of MSs in SIBs, PIBs, and AIBs are discussed.
Influence of Largemouth Bass Behaviors, Angler Behaviors, and Environmental Conditions on Fishing Tournament Capture Success
Authors: Sylvia Andrea , Maahs Brandon , Weber Michael J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTournament anglers typically possess extensive knowledge of the habitat and seasonal movement of their targeted species. While fish–angler behavioral relationships are critical to understanding fish catchability, few studies have assessed how fish behavior influences their vulnerability to capture by tournament anglers. Our objectives were to determine if Largemouth BassMicropterus salmoidesbehavior, angler behavior, and environmental conditions affect tournament angler catch rate (CPUE) and Largemouth Bass capture probability at fishing tournaments. Forty‐nine Largemouth Bass were tracked weekly using radiotelemetry during a 4‐month period. Five tournament anglers were also selected at weekly tournament events and tracked continuously using a handheldGPSunit. We quantified individual Largemouth Bass behaviors (home range, weekly movement rate, depth use, and spatial overlap with anglers), angler behaviors (depth use, angler movement rate), and environmental conditions (air and water temperature) and used these estimates as covariates in a multiple regression model to assess their effects on tournamentCPUEand then used a multistate mark–recapture model to estimate Largemouth Bass capture probability at tournaments. Our results indicate that Largemouth Bass movement rate, angler fishing depth, and air temperature were highly correlated to tournament anglerCPUE. Mark–recapture models also indicated that air temperature and angler–fish overlap were positively associated with Largemouth Bass capture probability while fish total length, home range, movement rate, and depth use were not successful in characterizing individual variation in capture probability. Our results indicate that Largemouth Bass that are encountered by anglers are more likely to be captured, whereas mismatches between angler and Largemouth Bass behavioral factors, including depth use and movement rates, may result in decreased tournament capture rates. Consideration and continued evaluation of the relationships between Largemouth Bass and angler behaviors and environmental variables is critical to fisheries management as tournament pressure paired with high capture probabilities and selective angling can have large‐scale population‐level impacts.