bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailoring the Surface of Perovskite through In Situ Growth of Ru/RuO2 Nanoparticles as Robust Symmetrical Electrodes for Reversible Solid Oxide Cells
Authors: Wang Junkai , Zhou Jun , Yang Jiaming , Neagu Dragos , Fu Lei , Lian Zhongjie , Shin Tae‐Ho , Wu Kai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough numerous perovskite oxides can enhance the electrochemical activity via exsolved metallic nanoparticles on the surface, most of them can only be applied as catalysts in a reducing atmosphere. These nanoparticles cause serious performance degradation in oxidizing conditions due to the formation of low‐conductive metal oxides. This poses a big challenge to the design of highly active catalysts of electrochemical devices, especially for symmetrical solid oxide cells. Herein, based on the strategy of exsolved metallic nanoparticles in A‐site deficient perovskite, a unique and simple method is demonstrated for the synthesis of Ru/RuO2 nanoparticles on the surface of perovskite oxide via in situ growth. The electrode material (La0.75Sr0.25)0.9Cr0.5Mn0.45Ru0.05O3−δ (LSCMR) is designed through careful choice of composition and the core idea is to make use of the exsolved nanoparticles concept applied for the first time at both hydrogen electrode and oxygen electrode for symmetrical solid oxide cells. Inspired by exsolved Ru and RuO2, the surface‐decorated LSCMR exhibits significantly enhanced electrochemical activity for both H2 and O2, respectively, accompanied by high redox long‐term stability. Moreover, simple, low‐cost, and environmental‐friendly synthesis of Ru/RuO2 nanoparticles on the substrate of typical perovskites is realized with this in situ growth approach.
Impact of Mesoporous Silicon Template Pore Dimension and Surface Chemistry on Methylammonium Lead Trihalide Perovskite Photophysics
Authors: da Costa Viviana C.P. , Gonzalez‐Rodriguez Roberto , Frohna Kyle , Delport Géraud , Stranks Samuel D. , Canham Leigh T. , Coffer Jeffery L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn influencing fundamental properties—and ultimately device performance—of lead halide perovskites, interfacial interactions play a major role, notably with regard to carrier diffusion and recombination. Here anodized porous Si (pSi) as well as porous silica particles are employed as templates for formation of methylammonium lead trihalide nanostructures. This allows synthesis of relatively small perovskite domains and comparison of associated interfacial chemistry between as‐prepared hydrophobic hydrideterminated functionalities and hydrophilic oxide‐terminated surfaces. While physical confinement of MAPbBr3 has a uniform effect on carrier lifetime, pore size (7–18 nm) of the silicon‐containing template has a sensitive influence on perovskite photoluminescence (PL) wavelength maximum. Furthermore, identity of the surface functionality of the template significantly alters the PL quantum efficiency, with lowest PL intensity associated with the H‐terminated pSi and the most intense PL affiliated with the oxideterminated pSi surface. These effects are explored for green‐emitting MAPbBr3 as well as infrared‐emitting MAPbI3. In addition, the role of silicon surface chemistry on the time‐dependent stability of these perovskites packaged within a given mesoporous template is also evaluated, specifically, a lack of miscibility between MAPbI3 and the H‐terminated pSi template results in a diffusion of this specific perovskite composition eluting from this porous matrix over time.
A Knotted Metamolecule with Axisymmetric Strong Optical Activity
Authors: Mai Wending , Kang Lei , Jenkins Ronald , Zhu Danny , Mao Chunxu , Werner Pingjuan L. , Chen Yifan , Werner Douglas H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOptical activity is the ability of chiral materials to rotate linearly polarized electromagnetic waves. A knotted chiral metamolecule is introduced here that exhibits strong optical activity corresponding to a 90° polarization rotation of the incident waves. More importantly, the torus knot structure is intrinsically chiral and multifold axisymmetric. Consequently, the observed polarization rotation behavior is found to be independent of how the incident wave is polarized. The metamolecule is fabricated through selective laser melting and experimentally validated in the microwave spectrum. This work represents the first ever metamolecule to be reported that is intrinsically axisymmetric and capable of simultaneously exhibiting strong optical activity.
High Efficiency Emission of Eu2+ Located in Channel and Mg‐Site of Mg2Al4Si5O18 Cordierite and Its Potential as a Bi‐Functional Phosphor toward Optical Thermometer and White LED Application
Authors: Stefańska Dagmara , Dereń Przemysław J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEu2+ activated Mg2Al4Si5O18 cordierite phosphor is prepared by sol gel synthesis. The reduction process is carried out in a vacuum atmosphere. X‐ray diffraction, luminescence, decay times, quantum yield and emission thermal stability are studied. The emission from Eu2+ ions at different lattice sites, such as magnesium vacancies and inside the interstate channels, are identified and discussed. Considerations on crystal field strength and bond length allow to assign the blue emission band peak at 445 nm to Eu2+ ions located inside the interstitial channel, while the red band centered at 615 nm is related to Eu2+ ions on Mg site. It is found that the Mg2Al4Si5O18:Eu2+ phosphor excited by UV shows broad emission from 375 to 700 nm with high quantum efficiency (60%). The emission of Eu2+ in Mg2Al4Si5O18 has very good thermal stability, at 100 °C the intensity reaches 97% relative to the emission measured at room temperature. The investigations show that cordierite can be used as a temperature sensor with relative sensitivity of 0.45% at 400 °C. Moreover, the fabricated light‐emitting diode composed of 365 nm near‐UV chip and Mg2Al4Si5O18:Eu2+ phosphor exhibits bright white light with CIE coordinates (0.32, 0.34) for correlated color temperature of 6282 K and color rendering index of 82.
Bifunctional Nanoparticle‐Stabilized Hydrogel Colloidosomes Serve as both Extracellular Matrix and Bioactive Factor Delivery Vehicles
Authors: Tang Rui , Umemori Kentaro , Rabin Jacob , Alsberg Eben 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMaintaining both cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions is often a critical component of 3D tissue regeneration. In high‐density cell condensation systems, lack of appropriate cell–ECM interactions can result in limited and/or slow cell differentiation and tissue formation. To address these problems, a colloidosome microsphere system that is composed of a gelatin hydrogel core and a porous nanoparticle shell is developed. The colloidosome microsphere functions as an ECM and morphogen carrier for the induction of cartilage formation of high‐density human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) in 3D cultures. With the protection of the nanoparticle shell, the colloidosome microspheres can be readily suspended in aqueous solution without clumping, thus incorporated homogeneously within high‐density cell condensations. The gelatin‐based colloidosome microspheres stimulate chondrogenesis of hMSCs and degrade rapidly to facilitate ECM remodeling for new tissue formation. When loaded with human transforming growth factor‐β1, a potent chondrogenic morphogen, the colloidosomes serve as a bioactive factor delivery vehicle as well. The dual functionality of the colloidosomes as an ECM and a growth factor carrier effectively supports the chondrogenic differentiation of high‐density hMSC condensations. These capabilities render the colloidosomes a promising platform system amenable to large‐scale production of high‐density 3D tissue culture constructs.
Intracellular Antibody Delivery Mediated by Lipids, Polymers, and Inorganic Nanomaterials for Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Li Yamin , Li Peixuan , Li Raissa , Xu Qiaobing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTherapeutic antibodies, due to their high affinity and specificity toward their biological targets, may demonstrate reduced harmful side effects compared with traditional drug moieties. While most of the as‐yet clinically approved antibody therapeutics have targeted extracellular or membrane‐bound domains, the ability to target intracellular antigens with antibodies opens up tremendous opportunities for imaging, diagnosis, and therapeutic applications. Generally, delivery concerns have limited the ability to target intracellular antigens, as many antibodies cannot easily cross the cell membrane due to their size and surface chemistry. Delivery platforms have been explored to address this issue, including physical methods, fusion protein/peptide techniques, and synthetic carrier‐based systems. This review summarizes the progress of carrier‐based intracellular antibody delivery systems employing synthetic lipids, polymers, and inorganic nanomaterials. Antibodies targeting various epitopes have been loaded through adsorption, conjugation, or physical encapsulation strategies. Successful intracellular deliveries have been demonstrated largely through fluorescence imaging using dye‐labeled antibody cargos. Specific synthetic delivery platforms have great potential for ex vivo and in vivo therapeutic applications. Challenges and opportunities are further discussed for material scientists to explore in this research area.
Dependable Contact Related Parameter Extraction in Graphene–Metal Junctions
Authors: Gahoi Amit , Kataria Satender , Driussi Francesco , Venica Stefano , Pandey Himadri , Esseni David , Selmi Luca , Lemme Max C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe accurate extraction and the reliable, repeatable reduction of graphene–metal contact resistance (RC) are still open issues in graphene technology. Here, the importance of following clear protocols when extracting RC using the transfer length method (TLM) is demonstrated. The example of back‐gated graphene TLM structures with nickel contacts, a complementary metal oxide semiconductor compatible metal, is used here. The accurate extraction of RC is significantly affected by generally observable Dirac voltage shifts with increasing channel lengths in ambient conditions. RC is generally a function of the carrier density in graphene. Hence, the position of the Fermi level and the gate voltage impact the extraction of RC. Measurements in high vacuum, on the other hand, result in dependable extraction of RC as a function of gate voltage owing to minimal spread in Dirac voltages. The accurate measurement and extraction of important parameters like contact‐end resistance, transfer length, sheet resistance of graphene under the metal contact, and specific contact resistivity as a function of the back‐gate voltage is further assessed. The presented methodology has also been applied to devices with gold and copper contacts, with similar conclusions.
Small Molecule Modulator at the Interface for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with High Short‐Circuit Current Density and Hysteresis Free
Authors: Wang Ming , Li Wei , Wang Huaxin , Yang Ke , Hu Xiaofei , Sun Kuan , Lu Shirong , Zang Zhigang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInterface engineering is widely applied in the one‐step antisolvent deposition for elevating efficiency of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, an alcohol‐soluble small molecule, namely 2‐mercaptoimidazole (MI), is inserted between the hole transport layer and perovskite layer to form a cross‐linking bridge, which is built through: i) Coulomb interaction between the negatively charged MI and positively charged poly (3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene); ii) electrostatic interaction between imidazolium cation and iodide anion in perovskite. The cross‐linking bridge can accelerate the hole transmission and inhibit interfacial recombination. Hence, by the optimum design of MI concentration, hysteresis‐free devices with a high power conversion efficiency of 20.68% are obtained. The overall efficiency increase is due to significantly enhanced short‐circuit current density from 21.28 to 23.45 mA cm−2 and slightly raised open‐circuit voltage from 1.06 to 1.08 V, suggesting that the MI modified layer can effectively improve the performance of the devices. Moreover, unencapsulated devices with MI interfacial modification show better environmental stability compared to the reference devices. This facile interfacial approach is promising for future commercialization of inverted PSCs.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Thienoquinolines (Quinoline‐fused heterocycle)
Authors: Teja Chitrala , Nawaz Khan Fazlur‐Rahman 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOver the past few decades, thienoquinolines have gained considerable attention due to their biological and synthetic applications. Few reports have been disclosed on Thienoquinoline synthesis. Hence, in the present review, we provided a comprehensive update on the synthesis of Thienoquinolines. A brief description of the preparation procedure, reactivity, and mechanisms are included, where as possible. Respectively, the thienoquinoline synthesis is classified and summarized based on its reactivity, so it will help the researchers to obtain knowledge over the previous literature reports to overcome their problems in designing a new process.
The successful use of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal as a rescue therapy in a patient with severe COVID‐19 pneumonitis
Authors: Tully R. P. , Hopley N. , Lawrence G. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryWe present a patient with severe COVID‐19 pneumonitis; poor respiratory compliance; dangerously high ventilator pressures; and hypercapnia refractory to conventional treatment including low tidal volume ventilation, neuromuscular blockade and prone position ventilation. Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal was used as a rescue therapy to facilitate safer ventilator pressures and arterial partial pressures of carbon dioxide. After 6 days of treatment, the patient had improved to the extent that the extracorporeal support was able to be weaned and the patient was decannulated from the device. Following a prolonged respiratory wean, the patient was subsequently discharged from the intensive care unit and then from the hospital to home with no adverse events related to the therapy.
Intrinsic Defects in Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Photocatalysis Applications
Authors: Meng Aiyun , Teng Zhenyuan , Zhang Qitao , Su Chenliang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroducing intrinsic defects in polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) without the addition of exotic atoms have been verified as an available strategy to boost the photocatalytic performance. This minireview focuses on the fundamental classifications and positive roles of intrinsic defects in PCN for photocatalysis applications. The intrinsic defects in PCN are classified into several types, such as nitrogen vacancy, carbon vacancy and derivative functional groups such as cyano, amino and cyanamide groups. The critical roles of these defects on the electronic configuration, charge transfer and surface properties of PCN are also carefully classified and elaborated. Furthermore, the photocatalysis applications of the defective PCN including photocatalytic water splitting, N2 fixation, H2O2 production, CO2 reduction and NO removal are summarized. In the end, the challenges and opportunities of defect chemistry in PCN for photocatalysis field are presented.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission in Tetrathia[8]circulene Octaoxides via Restriction of the Dynamic Motion of their Negatively Curved π‐Frameworks
Authors: Murase Hiroyasu , Nagata Yuya , Akahori Shuhei , Shinokubo Hiroshi , Miyake Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCurved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exhibit intriguing properties, but their flexible and dynamic nature is often considered to be unfavorable for achieving excellent emission properties. In this study, we prepared tetrathia[8]circulene octaoxides that adopt a negatively curved conformation. We found that these molecules exhibit aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) that originates from the restriction of the dynamic motion of their saddle‐shaped π‐frameworks in the solid and aggregated states.
Life‐cycle assessment of the production of cationized tannins from Norway spruce bark as flocculants in wastewater treatment
Authors: Carlqvist Karin , Arshadi Mehrdad , Mossing Torgny , Östman Ulla‐Britt , Brännström Hanna , Halmemies Eelis , Nurmi Juha , Lidén Gunnar , Börjesson Pål 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt will be necessary to make efficient use of our resources if our society is to be converted into a bio‐based economy. Every year large side streams of bark are produced in sawmills and pulp mills. In addition to utilizing the bark for heat and electricity production, as happens today, high‐value chemical components could be extracted prior to energy conversion. These components include tannins. Cationized tannins have already been indicated as promising renewable flocculants in wastewater treatment. However, today's industrial production of tannins uses species from subtropical or temperate climates, and there has so far been little attention to the use of tannins from Norway spruce (Picea abies), an important species in forestry in the subarctic climate. The present life‐cycle assessment (LCA) was undertaken to understand the environmental performance of the production of cationized tannins from the bark of Norway spruce and how the environmental impact is distributed along the production system. This work was connected to the Interreg Botnia‐Atlantica TanWat research project, which studies the production and use of cationized tannins from Norway spruce for wastewater treatment at a pilot scale. The present LCA shows that the main environmental impact stems from the reagents used in the cationization step. The purification step could also be a significant issue depending on the possibility of reusing the eluent (ethanol) and the lifetime of the resin. The importance of running the processes with as concentrated streams as possible to minimize the need of process water and energy was also confirmed © 2020 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing during pregnancy
Authors: Wowdzia Jenna B. , Davenport Margie H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe goal of this review is to examine practical considerations when conducting cardiopulmonary exercise testing during pregnancy. In a clinical and research setting, cardiopulmonary exercise testing during pregnancy is valuable in identifying underlying cardiopulmonary conditions, stratifying the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, as well as establishing exercise tolerance/limitations. This review encompasses information regarding the unique physiological adaptations that occur throughout gestation (e.g., changes in resting heart rate, blood pressure, glucose, etc.) and how these adaptations impact the interpretation of physiological measurements. There are also key concerns that are unique to pregnant populations that should be considered when participating in exercise (i.e., fetus, ventilation, thermoregulation, urinary incontinence, low back pain, and pelvic girdle pain). This step‐by‐step review of cardiopulmonary exercise testing outlines pregnancy related adjustments to standardized methods (i.e., screening/documentation, pre‐ and post‐test measurements, protocol specifics, modality selection, and fetal monitoring) which should be considered for the safety of both the participant and fetus. Currently, pregnancy specific exercise testing guidelines are lacking. Therefore, we will be discussing the limitations of current recommendations such as a safe cut off for resting heart rate and pregnancy specific test termination criteria.
Enhanced mismatch selectivity of T4 DNA ligase far above the probe: Target duplex dissociation temperature
Authors: Osman Eiman A. , Alladin‐Mustan B. Safeenaz , Hales Sarah C. , Matharu Gunwant K. , Gibbs Julianne M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractT4 DNA ligase is a widely used ligase in many applications; yet in single nucleotide polymorphism analysis, it has been found generally lacking owing to its tendency to ligate mismatches quite efficiently. To address this lack of selectivity, we explored the effect of temperature on the selectivity of the ligase in discriminating single base pair mismatches at the 3′‐terminus of the ligating strand using short ligation probes (9‐mers). Remarkably, we observe outstanding selectivities when the assay temperature is increased to 7 °C to 13 °C above the dissociation temperature of the matched probe:target duplexes using commercially available enzyme at low concentration. Higher enzyme concentration shifts the temperature range to 13 °C to 19 °C above the probe:target dissociation temperatures. Finally, substituting the 5′‐phosphate terminus with an abasic nucleotide decreases the optimal temperature range to 7 °C to 10 °C above the matched probe:target duplex. We compare the temperature dependence of the T4 DNA ligase catalyzed ligation and a nonenzymatic ligation system to contrast the origin of their modes of selectivity. For the latter, temperatures above the probe:target duplex dissociation lead to lower ligation conversions even for the perfect matched system. This difference between the two ligation systems reveals the uniqueness of the T4 DNA ligase's ability to maintain excellent ligation yields for the matched system at elevated temperatures. Although our observations are consistent with previous mechanistic work on T4 DNA ligase, by mapping out the temperature dependence for different ligase concentrations and probe modifications, we identify simple strategies for introducing greater selectivity into SNP discrimination based on ligation yields.
Depressive symptoms and myeloproliferative neoplasms: Understanding the confounding factor in a complex condition
Authors: Padrnos Leslie , Scherber Robyn , Geyer Holly , Langlais Blake T. , Dueck Amylou C. , Kosiorek Heidi E. , Senyak Zhenya , Clark Matthew , Boxer Michael , Cotter Mary , Harrison Claire , Stonnington Cynthia , Geda Yonas , Mesa Ruben 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhiladelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), including essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and myelofibrosis, have severe function‐limiting symptom burden that is experienced by the majority of patients. Previous studies have suggested that depression may be present in over a quarter of MPN patients, but to date no studies have evaluated the relationship between depression and other variables such as symptoms.MethodsA 70‐item internet based survey regarding fatigue and mood symptoms was developed by a multidisciplinary team of MPN investigators, patients and patient advocates including Patient Health Questionnaire and the Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Symptom Assessment Form was completed by over 1300 patients with MPN diagnosis.ResultsThere were 309 respondents (23%) with PHQ‐2 scores ≥ 3. In this analysis, we found worse systemic symptom burden in individuals reporting depressive symptoms.ConclusionThis analysis suggests the importance of depression in contributing to as well as confounding symptomatology in MPN patients, and suggests that this critical variable should also be addressed by clinicians and researchers alike when comprehensively assessing symptom burden etiologies.