bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient Subacute Facial Nerve Dysfunction After Dual Modality Treatment of Large Vestibular Schwannomas
Authors: Manzoor Nauman F. , Khattab Mohamed H. , Sherry Alexander D. , Perkins Elizabeth L. , Attia Albert , Cmelak Anthony J. , Haynes David S. , Rivas Alejandro 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
1: Describe subacute facial nerve paralysis after salvage stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). 2: To analyze predictors of facial nerve weakness after dual modality treatment.

Patients:
Adult patients with Vestibular Schwannoma who underwent sub-total resection (STR) followed by salvage radiation.

Intervention(s):
Microsurgical resection of VS, stereotactic radiosurgery, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, proton radiotherapy.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Serial facial nerve function (House-Brackmann scale).

Results:
Thirteen patients who underwent dual modality treatment for large VS were included (mean age = 43.6 years, 77% females). The mean pre-operative tumor volume was 11.7 cm3 (SD = 6.5) and the immediate mean post-operative remnant volume was 1.5 cm3 (SD = 1.4) with a mean extent of resection of 86.7% (SD = 9.5). The mean salvage-free interval was 20.8 months (SD = 13.3). All patients had excellent one-year FN outcome (HB grade 1, 2) after resection. Three patients developed subacute facial nerve weakness after salvage SRS (4.2–9.4 months after SRS). This paralysis responded to high dose systemic steroids and no surgical interventions for facial rehabilitation were required. At last follow up (mean 61.6 months, SD = 28.5), facial nerve function was favorable (HB grade 1–2 in 12 patients and HB grade 3 in 1 patient). There were no significant associations between various predictors and subacute deterioration of facial nerve function after SRS.

Conclusions:
Sub-acute transient facial nerve dysfunction can develop infrequently over a variable time frame after post-operative salvage SRS and usually responds to steroids. Patients should be adequately counseled about potential of transient deterioration of facial nerve function after salvage SRS.
Validation of the blood pressure measurement technology used in the Novacor Diasys 3 (DIS-0001-00) upper arm device for ambulatory blood pressure measurement, according to the requirements of the AAMI/ANSI/ISO 81060-2:2013 standard (for both a general study and a cardiac-stress study in adults) and of the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol revision 2010
Authors: Atkins Neil , Fania Claudio , Palatini Paolo 
Published: November 2020

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of the oscillometric blood pressure measurement technology of the Novacor Diasys 3 (model number DIS-0001-00) blood pressure monitor, intended for ambulatory blood pressure measurement, when used with the recommended Standard (ACC-0213-00), Large (ACC-0214-00) and Paediatric (ACC-0215-00) cuffs.

Methods
The Novacor Diasys 3 (model number DIS-0001-00) was evaluated according to the requirements of the AAMI/ANSI/ISO 81060-2:2013 standard, including an additional cardiac-stress study, a requirement for ambulatory blood pressure measurement devices. It was also validated according to the requirements of the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol revision 2010. The protocol requirements for all thee studies were followed precisely.

Results
The Novacor Diasys 3 (model number DIS-0001-00) fulfilled all of the requirements for a pass in each of the three studies. In the primary AAMI/ANSI/ISO 81060-2:2013 study, the Criterion 1 errors were +3.9 mmHg ± 2.9 mmHg for SBP and +3.4 ± 2.5 mmHg for DBP.

Conclusion
The Novacor Diasys 3 (model number DIS-0001-00), when used with the recommended cuffs, can be recommended for ambulatory blood pressure measurement in the adult population.
Differences in amino acid and lipid metabolism distinguish Crohn’s from idiopathic/cryptoglandular perianal fistulas by tissue metabonomic profiling and may offer clues to underlying pathogenesis
Authors: Adegbola Samuel O. , Sarafian Magali , Sahnan Kapil , Ding Nik S. , Faiz Omar D. , Warusavitarne Janindra , Phillips Robin K.S. , Tozer Phil J. , Holmes Elaine , Hart Ailsa L. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction
Few studies have investigated perianal fistula etiopathogenesis, and although the cryptoglandular theory is widely accepted in idiopathic cases, in Crohn’s disease, it is thought to involve the interplay between microbiological, immunological and genetic factors. A pilot study was conducted to assess for metabolic variations in Crohn’s perianal fistula tissue that might differ from that of idiopathic (cryptoglandular) perianal fistula tissue as a comparator. The goal was to identify any potential biomarkers of disease, which may improve the understanding of pathogenesis.

Aims and methods
Fistula tract biopsies were obtained from 30 patients with idiopathic perianal fistula and 20 patients with Crohn’s anal fistula. Two different assays were used in an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography system coupled with a mass spectrometric detector to achieve broad metabolome coverage. Univariate and multivariate statistical data analyses were used to identify differentiating metabolic features corresponding to the perianal fistula phenotype (i.e. Crohn’s disease vs. idiopathic).

Results
Significant orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis predictive models (validated with cross-validated-analysis of variance P value <0.05) differentiated metabolites from tissue samples from Crohn’s vs. idiopathic anal fistula patients using both metabolic profiling platforms. A total of 41 metabolites were identified, suggesting alterations in pathways, including amino acid, carnitine and lipid metabolism.

Conclusion
Metabonomics may reveal biomarkers of Crohn’s perianal fistula. Further work in larger numbers is required to validate the findings of these studies as well as cross-correlation with microbiome work to better understand the impact of host-gut/environment interactions in the pathophysiology of Crohn’s and idiopathic perianal fistulas and identify novel therapeutic targets.
The periscreen strip is an accurate and rapid method to diagnose spontaneous bacterial peritonitis among patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure
Authors: Li Chen , Su Hai-Bin , Hu Jin-Hua 
Published: November 2020

Background
Leukocyte esterase reagent strips may help diagnose spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), but their effective application among patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) remains unknown.

Aim
This study aimed to assess the performance of periscreen strips in the rapid diagnosis of SBP among patients with ACLF.

Methods
Periscreen strips were used to test 261 ascites samples taken from 251 inpatients with ACLF between January 2014 and June 2019. The colors of the reagent strip were divided into four colorimetric graduations (‘negative’, ‘trace’, ‘small’, and ‘large’), among which ‘trace’ is used as the SBP detection threshold. The polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) of ascites ≥250/mm3 was used as the gold standard for SBP diagnosis.

Results
SBP was detected in 92 (35.2%) ascite samples. The ascites PMN count of ‘negative’ (32.5/mm3) was lower than those of ‘trace’ (248.2/mm3), ‘small’ (379.0/mm3), and ‘large’ (7426.0/mm3) (P < 0.001). The colorimetric graduations of the strips were positively correlated with ascites PMN count (r = 0.867, P < 0.001). Periscreen strips had 100% sensitivity, 91.1% specificity, 86.0% positive predictive value, 100% negative predictive value, 11.3 positive likelihood ratios, and 0 negative likelihood ratios. For patients with negative results judged by the gold standard, ascites white blood cells count [odds ratio (OR) = 1.007) and ascites PMN count (OR = 1.028) were independent predictors of false-positive cases.

Conclusion
Liver failure did not affect the diagnostic performance of periscreen strips. Therefore, these strips can efficiently and rapidly diagnose SBP among patients with ACLF.
How haematopoiesis research became a fertile ground for regulatory network biology as pioneered by Eric Davidson
Authors: Rothenberg Ellen V. , Göttgens Berthold 
Published: November 2020

Purpose of review
This historical perspective reviews how work of Eric H. Davidson was a catalyst and exemplar for explaining haematopoietic cell fate determination through gene regulation.

Recent findings
Researchers studying blood and immune cells pioneered many of the early mechanistic investigations of mammalian gene regulatory processes. These efforts included the characterization of complex gene regulatory sequences exemplified by the globin and T-cell/B-cell receptor gene loci, as well as the identification of many key regulatory transcription factors through the fine mapping of chromosome translocation breakpoints in leukaemia patients. As the repertoire of known regulators expanded, assembly into gene regulatory network models became increasingly important, not only to account for the truism that regulatory genes do not function in isolation but also to devise new ways of extracting biologically meaningful insights from even more complex information. Here we explore how Eric H. Davidson's pioneering studies of gene regulatory network control in nonvertebrate model organisms have had an important and lasting impact on research into blood and immune cell development.

Summary
The intellectual framework developed by Davidson continues to contribute to haematopoietic research, and his insistence on demonstrating logic and causality still challenges the frontier of research today.
New robotic surgical systems in urology: an update
Authors: Cisu Theodore , Crocerossa Fabio , Carbonara Umberto , Porpiglia Francesco , Autorino Riccardo 
Published: November 2020

Purpose of review
The landscape of robotic surgical systems in urology is changing. Several new instruments have been introduced internationally into clinical practice, and others are in development. In this review, we provide an update and summary of recent surgical systems and their clinical applications in urology.

Recent findings
Robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery is increasingly becoming a standard skillset in the urologist's technical armamentarium. The current state of the robotic surgery market is monopolized because of a number of regulatory and technical factors but there are several robotic surgical systems approved for clinical use across the world and numerous others in development. Next-generation surgical systems commonly include a modular design, open access consoles, haptic feedback, smaller instruments, and machine learning.

Summary
Numerous robotic surgical systems are in development, and several have recently been introduced into clinical practice. These new technologies are changing the landscape of robotic surgery in urology and will likely transform the marketplace of robotic surgery across surgical subspecialties within the next 10--20 years.
Effects of a Complex Case Study and High-Fidelity Simulation on Mechanical Ventilation on Knowledge and Clinical Judgment of Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Salameh Basma , Ayed Ahmad , Kassabry Maysa' , Lasater Kathie 
Published: November 2020

Background
Improving nursing students' knowledge and clinical judgment related to mechanical ventilation (MV) is paramount, considering the heightened need for MV due to the current COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic. High-fidelity simulation (HFS) provides students with real-life clinical experiences that they would rarely confront in clinical training, especially complex case scenarios (such as a patient needing MV).

Purpose
This study assessed students' clinical knowledge and judgment after including HFS involving MV in an undergraduate nursing program.

Methods
This was a quasi-experimental design with a convenience sample of 151 nursing students using the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric.

Results
There were significant differences between the intervention and control groups in knowledge (t = 20.42; P = .001) and total clinical judgment scores (t = 19.55; P < .001) post-HFS.

Conclusions
Including a complex case study using MV and HFS significantly improved students' clinical decision-making, clinical knowledge, and self-confidence and enhanced their critical thinking, noticing, interpreting, reflecting, and responding capabilities.
A Narrative Review of Clinical Treatment Outcomes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection With Ciprofloxacin by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Anatomic Site
Authors: Chaudry Ameen E. , Klausner Jeffrey D. 
Published: November 2020

Background

Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections are becoming increasingly resistant to recommended treatments. Resistance-guided therapy may mitigate the continued emergence of resistance by enabling the use of previously recommended treatments like ciprofloxacin. To describe the effectiveness of ciprofloxacin to treat “susceptible” infections, we estimated the clinical efficacy of ciprofloxacin at various minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and anatomic sites.

Methods
We reviewed publicly available reports using the PubMed.gov database and search terms “gonorrhea/drug therapy”[Mesh] AND “ciprofloxacin”. We included clinical treatment studies in which ciprofloxacin was administered alone to treat N. gonorrhoeae, specimens were collected for N. gonorrhoeae culture from each infection, the MIC was determined for ≥90% of infective strains, and individual treatment outcomes were clearly defined. We recorded those data, ciprofloxacin dose and infection site. We calculated the frequency of treatment success and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
Twenty studies from 1985 to 2020 met our inclusion criteria. Ciprofloxacin at commonly used doses eliminated 99.2% (95% CI, 98.5%–99.6%; n = 1439) of gonococcal infections with MICs <0.125 μg/mL, 76.3% (95% CI, 59.8%–88.6%; n = 38) of infections with MICs from 0.125 to 0.5 μg/mL, and 30.1% (95% CI, 20.5%–41.2%; n = 83) of infections with MICs ≥1 μg/mL across anatomic sites.

Conclusions
Ciprofloxacin reliably eliminated gonococcal infections with MICs <0.125 μg/mL across anatomic sites. Molecular assays predicting MICs of ciprofloxacin <0.125 μg/mL of gonococcal strains can allow for reintroduction of ciprofloxacin in gonorrhea treatment. Clinicians can confidently use ciprofloxacin to treat susceptible gonococcal infections.
A Comprehensive Outcome Review of Subfascial Breast Augmentation over a 10-Year Period
Authors: Brown Tim 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Subfascial placement of breast implants has the advantages of subglandular and submuscular placement without the adverse outcomes. There are few large series with longitudinal follow-up and outcome measures.

Methods:
Seven hundred eighty-three patients underwent subfascial breast augmentation and were followed up for 10 years. Adverse outcomes, changes in breast morphometry, and patient satisfaction were outcome measures.

Results:
All morphometry increased except soft-tissue thickness at the lateral sternal margin. The distance from the nipple-areola complex to the inframammary crease increased by 40 percent, with a concomitant 6.2 percent increase in the distance from the suprasternal notch to the nipple-areola complex. The capsular contracture rate was 6.48 percent, and correlates with a lateral sternal margin of less than 20 mm (r = 0.57, p < 0.001). Ripples occurred in patients with less than 10 mm of soft tissue at the lateral sternal margin; 11.6 percent of patients would choose a larger implant and 2.7 percent would choose a smaller implant.

Conclusions:
Subfascial placement of breast implants provides a reliable technique. It can be used in patients with at least 20 mm of soft tissue at the lateral sternal margin. Those with 10 to 20 mm should be counseled that ripples may occur if they lose body fat. The technique is unsuitable for individuals with less than 10 mm measurable at the lateral sternal margin.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Factors associated with worse cerebrovascular function in aging women with and at risk for HIV
Authors: Chow Felicia C. , Ma Yifei , Manion Maura , Rupert Adam , Lambert-Messerlian Geralyn , Bushnell Cheryl D. , Cedars Marcelle I. , Sereti Irini , Sorond Farzaneh A. , Hsue Priscilla Y. , Tien Phyllis C. 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
Women may be disproportionately impacted by the negative effect of HIV on cerebrovascular risk. We examined the association of HIV, sex, menopause, and immune activation with cerebrovascular function among women with HIV (WWH) and at risk for HIV from the Women's Interagency HIV Study and men with HIV.

Design:
Cross-sectional.

Methods:
Participants were aged at least 40 years with coronary heart disease or at least one cardiometabolic risk factor. All persons with HIV were on antiretroviral therapy with undetectable viral load. Cerebral vasoreactivity was assessed by the transcranial Doppler breath-holding test, with lower vasoreactivity corresponding to worse cerebrovascular function. Menopausal status was determined by anti-Müllerian hormone level. We used mixed effects linear regression to identify factors associated with cerebral vasoreactivity.

Results:
Mean cerebral vasoreactivity was similar in WWH (n = 33) and women at risk for HIV (n = 16). A trend toward higher cerebral vasoreactivity in WWH compared with men with HIV (n = 37) was no longer present after excluding women on estrogen replacement therapy (n = 3). In women, menopausal status was not significantly associated with cerebral vasoreactivity. WWH with higher cardiovascular risk (−0.14 for each additional cardiometabolic risk factor, P = 0.038), sCD163 (−0.20 per doubling, P = 0.033), and proportion of CD4+CX3CR1+ T cells (−0.14 per doubling, P = 0.028) had lower cerebral vasoreactivity.

Conclusion:
Among older women at high cardiovascular risk, women with virologically suppressed HIV and women at risk for HIV had similar cerebrovascular function. Our findings, which must be interpreted in the context of the small sample, highlight the contribution of traditional cardiometabolic risk factors and immune activation to cerebrovascular risk in WWH.
Factors Associated With Condom Failure in a Longitudinal Cohort of Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Hamill Matthew M. , Hu Fengming , Kokogho Afoke , Shoyemi Elizabeth , Ekeh Charles , Charurat Manhattan E. , Robb Merlin L. , Adebajo Sylvia , Baral Stefan D. , Nowak Rebecca G. , Crowell Trevor A. ,   for the TRUST/RV368 Study Group
Published: November 2020

Background:
Effective condom use is a critical intervention to limit the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, particularly among individuals in high-risk networks who practice anal sex. We characterized condom failures in cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women in Nigeria.

Setting:
The TRUST/RV368 cohort provided condoms, compatible lubricants, and safer sex education to men who have sex with men and transgender women at community-engaged health centers in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria.

Methods:
Participants completed structured interview questions about condom usage and failure every 3–6 months. Robust Poisson regression models with generalized estimating equations were used to estimate relative risks and 95% confidence intervals for prespecified factors potentially associated with condom failure in the previous month.

Results:
From September 2013 to September 2019, 2221 of 2737 participants (81.1%) reported condom use for anal sex with a male partner in the last month, and 305 (13.7%) reported condom failure during this time. Multivariate analyses demonstrated an increased risk of condom failure at postenrollment visits, as well as in participants who reported frequent Internet use, 2 or more casual sexual partners, and 2–4 main sexual partners. Those who cohabited with a woman had reduced risk.

Conclusions:
Condom failure was common in this population despite freely available condoms, compatible lubrication, and education. Increased risk of condom failure over time could reflect message fatigue a ceiling for effective condom use, or new uptake of condoms by inexperienced users.
Access to Subsidized Health Care Affects HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Uptake Among Gay and Bisexual Men in Australia: Results of National Surveys 2013–2019
Authors: MacGibbon James , Lea Toby , Ellard Jeanne , Murphy Dean , Kolstee Johann , Power Cherie , Crawford David , Bear Brandon , De Wit John , Holt Martin 
Published: November 2020

Background:
We assessed willingness to use HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and current PrEP use among gay and bisexual men (GBM) in Australia.

Methods:
National, online cross-sectional surveys of GBM were conducted in 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019. Willingness to use PrEP was measured on a previously validated scale. Trends and associations with key measures were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.

Results:
During 2013–2019, 4908 surveys were completed. Among HIV-negative and untested men not currently using PrEP, willingness to use PrEP increased from 23.0% in 2013 to 36.5% in 2017 (P < 0.001) but then plateaued at 32% in 2019 (P = 0.13). The proportion of current PrEP users increased significantly from 2.5% in 2015 to 38.5% in 2019 (P < 0.001). In 2019, factors independently associated with being a current PrEP user (compared with non-PrEP users who were willing to use PrEP) included having subsidized health care (Medicare), knowing HIV-positive people, being recently diagnosed with an STI other than HIV, having higher numbers of recent male sexual partners, recent condomless sex with casual and regular partners, and frequent PrEP sorting.

Conclusion:
Willingness to use PrEP has plateaued as its use has rapidly increased among GBM in Australia. PrEP use is concentrated among more sexually active men with access to subsidized health care. Free or low cost access schemes may facilitate broader access among GBM who want or need PrEP but lack access to subsidized health care.
Bilateral Silicone Granulomas Mimicking Breast Cancer Recurrence on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Fernandes Vieira Victor , Dubruc Estelle , Raffoul Wassim , Prior John O. , Meyer Marie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We report the case of a 45-year-old woman with a history of right breast reconstruction with silicone implant for breast cancer. An 18F-FDG PET/CT performed several years later revealed the presence of 18F-FDG–avid nodules at the periphery of the silicone implant, in the right internal mammary chain, and in the contralateral breast. Needle core biopsies were positive for bilateral silicone granulomas, without any sign of malignancy. This case displays intense 18F-FDG uptake in silicone granulomas affecting the contralateral breast after implant reconstruction.
Incidental Findings of a Vestibular Schwannoma on 18F-Choline PET/CT
Authors: Amrane Karim , Le Pennec Romain , Tissot Valentin , Schick Ulrike , Abgral Ronan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We report an increased uptake of 18F-choline in the right cerebellopontine angle area in a 73-year-old man with biochemical failure prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy, potentially suggestive of bone metastasis in the base of the skull. A brain MRI was also performed showing an intense gadolinium enhancement focus in the same area, concordant with a right vestibular schwannoma, subsequently histologically proven. This case underlines that schwannoma is a diagnostic pitfall in 18F-choline PET/CT, suggesting this radiolabeled tracer as a promising tool for brain tumors characterization due to its higher signal-to-background ratio than 18F-FDG.