bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radial control of electron temperature gradient with optimized operational configuration of double plasma device
Authors: Alex Prince , Sanyasi A K , Srivastav Prabhakar , Awasthi L M , Srivastava P K , Sugandhi Ritesh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A double plasma device (DPD) is tested for different operational configurations to identify suitable control for plasma parameters in a weakly ionized, unmagnetized plasma discharge. A separation grid is installed between the two chambers of DPD, which allows filtering of plasma from the first to the second chamber. Investigations are carried out to control the plasma parameters, especially the electron temperature by exploring the role of the grid. The grid bias is varied between −25–0 V and 0–30 V to reflect cooling and heating of plasma. The electron heating and cooling is prominent for the maximum ratio of n
source/n
target. The electron energy distribution function (EEDF) is obtained to describe the role of grid biasing in controlling the electron temperature in the second chamber. We demonstrated control on the radial profile of electron temperature by charging different radial cross-sections of plasma differently by using a multi-grid assembly system (MGAS). We have also identified the suitable operational regime for DPD where exercising a radial control on electron temperature is possible. Such plasmas can facilitate investigations on electron temperature control for applications in plasma processing, cold–plasma material interaction, etc where low energy electrons are desired.
Femtosecond two-photon laser-induced fluorescence imaging of atomic hydrogen in a laminar methane–air flame assisted by nanosecond repetitively pulsed discharges
Authors: Cont-Bernard Davide Del , Ruchkina Maria , Ding Pengji , Bood Joakim , Ehn Andreas , Lacoste Deanna A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Sustainable and low-emission combustion is in need of novel schemes to enhance combustion efficiency and control to meet up with new emission standards and comply with varying quality of renewable fuels. Plasma actuation is a promising candidate to achieve this goal but few detailed experiments have been carried out that target how specific combustion and plasma related species are affected by the coupling of plasma and combustion chemistry. Atomic hydrogen is such a species that here is imaged by using the two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence (TALIF) technique as an atmospheric pressure methane–air flame is actuated by nanosecond repetitively pulsed (NRP) discharges. Atomic hydrogen is observed both in the flame and in the discharge channel and plasma actuation results in a wide modification of the flame shape. A local 50% increase of fluorescence occurs at the flame front where it is crossed by the discharge. Atomic hydrogen in the discharge channel in the fresh-gases is found to decay with a time constant of about 2.4 μs. These results provide new insights on the plasma flame interaction at atmospheric pressure that can be further used for cross-validation of numerical calculations.
How to prestress compliant mechanisms for a targeted stiffness adjustment
Authors: Mauser Kristian , Hasse Alexander 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The paper deals with compliant mechanisms with a variable stiffness behavior. Devices with such a behavior are getting more and more attention in recent years, especially in contact applications such as human-robotic-interactions or haptic interfaces. In the work presented here the variable stiffness behavior is achieved by the targeted application of prestressing forces. An optimization based method is presented to identify suitable force application points. Furthermore, the amount and direction of force is determined in order to cause a specific change in stiffness. The method consists of a convex optimization formulation and is based on modal parameters. The method is intended to work for any given design of a compliant mechanism. In this publication the method is tested and evaluated using two compliant mechanisms—the cartwheel hinge and a shape-adaptive airfoil profile.
The GAPS experiment – a search for cosmic-ray antinuclei from dark matter
Authors: Kozai Masayoshi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The General Antiparticle Spectrometer (GAPS) is a balloon-borne experiment that aims to study low-energy cosmic-ray antinuclei. A novel detection concept that utilizes the physics of exotic atoms allows GAPS to realize a large sensitive area, a low energy threshold, and a high identification capability for antinuclei. The primary goal is to search for antideuterons in the energy region <0.25 GeV/n, where they are predicted to be backgroundfree probes for dark matter-annihilation or decay in the Galactic halo. GAPS will also measure precise low-energy antiproton spectra, which provide crucial information about the source and propagation of cosmic rays. Three flights on long-duration balloons from Antarctica are planned; the first flight of GAPS is scheduled for late 2021. This paper presents the scientific motivation, detection concept, development status, and plans for GAPS.
Development of Aid Tool using Arduino Uno Sensor for Dynamic Fluid at Senior High School
Authors: Herdayanti A , Rahmatsyah  , Manurung S R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to develop dynamic fluid teaching aids for senior high school. Visualized aid tool based on dynamic fluid material. The methods used in research are the ADDIE development model (analyze, design, development, implementation and evaluation). This device was designed using the Arduino UNO sensor that can be connected to the sensor, the water flow sensor serves as a discharge meter, the LCD display screen serves the result of the calculation of the water flow sensor, the sensors water work so that water is not abundant in the container, and feeding as on/off. There is a certain height of water faucet that can make the students adjust the height that will be calculated flow discharge, the difference in the height of the stream on the venturimeter and the difference in gas pressure in the pitot tubes. The aid tool also have a worksheet for students. Based on the result of expert validation of aid tool is 86% and the validation of material experts on the student’s worksheet is 94% and efficiency on learning is 88%. The overall result of the expert validation test gets a good rating so the development of aid tool using the Arduino uno sensor and water flow sensor for dynamic fluid.
Analysis of Problem Solving Ability Tests on Dynamics Material in Basic Physics Courses
Authors: Hutapea Jonathan , Sahyar Sahyar , Manurung Sondang R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This research aims to construct the problem solving ability test questions on basic physical dynamics material according to standards of good test qualifications in terms of validity, reliability, difficulty index and discrimination index. This type of research is development research using research and development methods of Borg and Gall model. The sample in this study were all semester 2 students physics education program of Medan state university. The results of this research indicate that of the 40 questions developed, 14 questions have met the criteria of good questions based on theoretical and empirical analysis. The fourteen questions can be used to measure the ability to solve problems with basic competence to provide solutions to the, (1) material moment of force, (2) moment of inertia, (3) equilibrium, (4) centre of gravity, (5) the law of conservation of angular momentum and (6) the application of Newtons law..
Effect of Sarang Banua (ClerodendrumfragransVent Willd) Leaves Extract on Serum Globulin Levels of Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Simorangkir Murniaty , Nainggolan Bajoka , Doloksaribu Jeshica F , Silaban Saronom 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Sarang banua plants are found in Simalungun, North Sumatra, Indonesia, which have been used by the community as traditional medicinal plants and is a type of ClerodendrumfragransVent Willd, including the family Verbanaceae. The study design was completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments namely 1% Na-CMC (K1, negative control), bovine serum antigen (K2), ethanol extract of sarang banua leaf 200 mg/kg BW (K3), ethanol extract of sarang banua leaf 200 mg/kg BW with bovine serum antigen (K4) and ethanol extract of sarang banua leaf 150 mg/kg BW with bovine serum antigen (K5). The results showed that administration of ethanol extract of sarang banua leaf (ClerodendrumfragransVent Willd) significantly affected serum globulin levels of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The ethanol extract of sarang banua leaves 200 mg/kg BW with bovine serum antigen (K4) produced the highest serum globulin levels of rabbits (12.91 mg/mL).
Experimental Video of Heat Transfer Science Based on Information Technology
Authors: Ramadhani Asiah , Sahyar Sahyar , Mulyana Rachmat 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This research was conducted to produce an experimental video that is feasible and practical to use, to produce a scientific experiment video on heat transfer based on information technology. The development model used is an adaptation of the Borg & Gall model. The results of this study indicate the validation of material experts included in the feasible category, validation of media experts with very feasible categories, testing small groups with very practical categories and field trials with very practical categories.
The Effect of a combination of growing media and biological agents to control bacterial wilt disease of potato (Ralstoniasolanacearum) in greenhouse
Authors: Pinem Mukhtar Iskandar , Lubis Lahmuddin , Marheni  , Zuhdi Dedi Maradi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Potato (Solanumtuberosum L.) in Indonesia is a commodity that priorities todeveloped, and has the potential to be marketed in the domestic as well as export. One of the obstacles is important that faced is pathogen soil-borne which is caused by the Ralstoniasolanacearum. This pathogen can causing loss of yield of potato 40-100%. Bacillus sp. and Pseudemonas fluorescens are antagonistic microbes that are proven to be able to control bacterial wilt disease by 69,95 % and 61,67%. This study aimed to determine the effect of the comparison composition of growing media and the ability of some agents of biological within suppress the growth of the disease wilt bacteria of potatoes which is caused by R. solanacearum.This research using completely randomized design (CRD) nonfactorial with 10 treatments, namely: M0(top soil), M1(top soil, R. solanacearum), M2(top soil, R. solanacearum, P.fluorescens), M3(top soil, R. solanacearum, Bacillus subtilis), M4(top soil, Chicken manure, R. solanacearum, P.fluorescens), M5 until M9 are combination of them. The results showed that the application of biological agents was able to suppress the growth of the pathogen R. solanacearum, as well as significantly affect plant height, number of shoots, and production.
Analysis of Clam Hill Site in Aceh Tamiang Using Geo-electric Method
Authors: Rahmatsyah  , Juliani Rita , Hutahean Juniar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The clam hill site is a prehistoric relic which is a pile of million pieces of shells. Disclosure of the fact the formation of the clam site is essential to study. The purpose of this research is to analyze the subsurface area of the Clam Site in Aceh Tamiang. The Wenner-Schlumberger as a type geo-electric method is used in this research which contains six passes. The length of the track is 155 m using 32 electrodes with a distance between the electrodes 5 m. Res2Dinv Software and Surfer 11 software are used to process the geo-electric data. The results of the analysis obtain the resistivity value of the pile of the shell is between 19,5 Ωm to 4768 Ωm which is different from the surrounding resistivity of 0 to 29.800 Ωm. The surrounding site is dominated by beach and river surface deposits in the form of clay, sand, and gravel with low soil and rock carrying capacity. According to archaeology, heaps of shells come from the remnants of ancient human civilization in Aceh Tamiang.
The Constrains of Green Building Implementation in Indonesia
Authors: Sahid  , Sumiyati Y , Purisari R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Various success evidence of green building to save energy usage and reduce environmental impacts has been widely shared in various scientific and popular media. The information is not merely theoretical but also practical, include information about the addition of investment value, savings and profit earned on the operation stage. The government and the private sector have also encouraged the acceleration of its implementation through the establishment of regulations and rating tools that accomodateresponsibility for property industry actors to participate in implementing green building concepts. This study aims to find out the obstacles of green building implementation in Indonesia through literature review, policy review and also interviews to stake holders. Apparently, efforts are still needed to complete the various regulations needed for stakeholders to implement the concept of green buildings in all parts of the building’s life cycle.
Integration of Physics Concepts in Javanese Culture
Authors: Wijaya Hidayati , Derlina  
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to find out the integration of physics concepts in Javanese culture. Physics is very closely related to daily life. In the daily life of Javanese culture there are many concepts related to physics. The environment of traditional Javanese society always believes in ancestral messages and customs about how to behave and apply to nature. Various problem solving continues to be associated with science and technology for the growth, development and welfare of human life. In this universe, everything can be explained with the help of science, especially physics. One distinctive feature of Javanese culture’s local wisdom is batik making which applies the concept of capillary physics.
Air pollution from wildfires and human health vulnerability in Alaskan communities under climate change
Authors: Woo Seung Hyun Lucia , Liu Jia Coco , Yue Xu , Mickley Loretta J , Bell Michelle L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Alaskan wildfires are becoming more frequent and severe, but very little is known regarding exposure to wildfire smoke, a risk factor for respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses. We estimated long-term, present-day and future exposure to wildfire-related fine particulate matter (PM2.5) across Alaska for the general population and subpopulations to assess vulnerability using observed data for the present day (1997–2010), modelled estimates for the present day (1997–2001), and modelled estimates for the future (2047–2051). First, we assessed wildfire-PM2.5 exposure by estimating monthly-average wildfire-specific PM2.5 levels across 1997–2010 for 158 Alaskan census tracts, using atmospheric transport modelling based on observed area-burned data. Second, we estimated changes in future (2047–2051) wildfire-PM2.5 exposure compared to the present-day (1997–2001) by estimating the monthly-average wildfire-specific PM2.5 levels for 29 boroughs/census areas (county-equivalent areas), under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) A1B scenario from an ensemble of 13 climate models. Subpopulation risks for present and future exposure levels were estimated by summing area-weighted exposure levels utilizing the 2000 Census and State of Alaska’s population projections. We assessed vulnerability by several subpopulation characteristics (e.g. race/ethnicity, urbanicity). Wildfire-PM2.5 exposure levels during 1997–2010 were highest in interior Alaska during July. Among subpopulations, average summer (June-August) exposure levels for urban dwellers and African-American/Blacks were highest at 9.1 µg m−3 and 10 µg m−3, respectively. Estimated wildfire-PM2.5 varied by Native American tribe, ranging from average summer levels of 2.4 µg m−3 to 13 µg m−3 for Tlingit-Haida and Alaskan Athabascan tribes, respectively. Estimates indicate that by the mid-21st century, under climate change, almost all of Alaska could be exposed to increases of 100% or more in levels of wildfire-specific PM2.5 levels. Exposure to wildfire-PM2.5 likely presents a substantial public health burden in the present day for Alaska communities, with different impacts by subpopulation. Under climate change, wildfire smoke could pose an even greater public health risks for most Alaskans.
Constrained dynamics: generalized Lie symmetries, singular Lagrangians, and the passage to Hamiltonian mechanics
Authors: Speliotopoulos Achilles D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Guided by the symmetries of the Euler–Lagrange equations of motion, a study of the constrained dynamics of singular Lagrangians is presented. We find that these equations of motion admit a generalized Lie symmetry, and on the Lagrangian phase space the generators of this symmetry lie in the kernel of the Lagrangian two-form. Solutions of the energy equation—called second-order, Euler–Lagrange vector fields (SOELVFs)—with integral flows that have this symmetry are determined. Importantly, while second-order, Lagrangian vector fields are not such a solution, it is always possible to construct from them a SOELVF that is. We find that all SOELVFs are projectable to the Hamiltonian phase space, as are all the dynamical structures in the Lagrangian phase space needed for their evolution. In particular, the primary Hamiltonian constraints can be constructed from vectors that lie in the kernel of the Lagrangian two-form, and with this construction, we show that the Lagrangian constraint algorithm for the SOELVF is equivalent to the stability analysis of the total Hamiltonian. Importantly, the end result of this stability analysis gives a Hamiltonian vector field that is the projection of the SOELVF obtained from the Lagrangian constraint algorithm. The Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations of mechanics for singular Lagrangians are in this way equivalent.
Viscous conservation laws in 1D with measure initial data
Authors: Bank Miriam , Ben-Artzi Matania , Schonbek Maria 
Published: May 2020

The one-dimensional viscous conservation law is considered on the whole line

u
t

+
f
(
u

)
x

=
ε

u

x
x

,

(
x
,
t
)
∈

R

×

R

+

¯

,

ε
>
0
,

\begin{equation*} u_t + f(u)_x=\varepsilon u_{xx},\quad (x,t)\in \mathbb {R}\times \overline {\mathbb {R}_{+}},\quad \varepsilon >0, \end{equation*}

subject to positive measure initial data.

The flux

f
∈

C
1

(

R

)

f\in C^1(\mathbb {R})

is assumed to satisfy a

p
−

p-

condition, a weak form of convexity. In particular, any flux of the form

f
(
u
)
=

∑

i
=
1

J

a
i

u

m
i

f(u)=\sum _{i=1}^Ja_iu^{m_i}

is admissible if

a
i

>
0
,

m
i

>
1
,

i
=
1
,
2
,
…
,
J
.

a_i>0,\,m_i>1,\,\,i=1,2,\ldots ,J.

The only case treated hitherto in the literature is

f
(
u
)
=

u
m

f(u)=u^m

[Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. 124 (1993), pp. 43–65] and the initial data is a “single source”, namely, a multiple of the delta function. The corresponding solutions have been labeled as “source-type” and the treatment made substantial use of the special form of both the flux and the initial data.

In this paper existence and uniqueness of solutions is established. The method of proof relies on sharp decay estimates for the viscous Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Some estimates are independent of the viscosity coefficient, thus leading to new estimates for the (inviscid) hyperbolic conservation law.
Temporal Confounding in the Test-Negative Design
Authors: Dean Natalie E , Halloran M Elizabeth , Longini, Jr Ira M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the test-negative design, routine testing at health-care facilities is leveraged to estimate the effectiveness of an intervention such as a vaccine. The odds of vaccination for individuals who test positive for a target pathogen is compared with the odds of vaccination for individuals who test negative for that pathogen, adjusting for key confounders. The design is rapidly growing in popularity, but many open questions remain about its properties. In this paper, we examine temporal confounding by generalizing derivations to allow for time-varying vaccine status, including out-of-season controls, and open populations. We confirm that calendar time is an important confounder when vaccine status varies during the study. We demonstrate that, where time is not a confounder, including out-of-season controls can improve precision. We generalize these results to open populations. We use our theoretical findings to interpret 3 recent papers utilizing the test-negative design. Through careful examination of the theoretical properties of this study design, we provide key insights that can directly inform the implementation and analysis of future test-negative studies.
Associations Between Community Social Capital and Preservation of Functional Capacity in the Aftermath of a Major Disaster
Authors: Gero Krisztina , Hikichi Hiroyuki , Aida Jun , Kondo Katsunori , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The strength of social connections in the community (“social capital”) is hypothesized to be a crucial ingredient in disaster resilience. We examined whether community-level social capital is correlated with the ability to maintain functional capacity among older residents who experienced the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. The baseline of our cohort (mean age, 74 years) was established in 2010, 7 months before the disaster in Iwanuma, a Japanese city located 80 km from the epicenter. Disaster-related personal experiences (e.g., housing damage or relocation) were assessed through a follow-up survey (n = 3,594; follow-up rate, 82.1%) conducted in 2013, 2.5 years after the earthquake. Multiple membership multilevel models were used to evaluate the associations between functional capacity, measured by the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale, and 3 subscales of community-level social capital: social cohesion, social participation, and reciprocity. Community-level social participation was associated with a lower risk of functional decline after disaster exposure. The average level of social participation in the community also mitigated the adverse impact of housing damage on functional status, suggesting a buffering mechanism.
Hidden Imputations and the Kaplan-Meier Estimator
Authors: Cole Stephen R , Edwards Jessie K , Naimi Ashley I , Muñoz Alvaro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimator of the survival function imputes event times for right-censored and left-truncated observations, but these imputations are hidden and therefore sometimes unrecognized by applied health scientists. Using a simple example data set and the redistribution algorithm, we illustrate how imputations are made by the KM estimator. We also discuss the assumptions necessary for valid analyses of survival data. Illustrating imputations hidden by the KM estimator helps to clarify these assumptions and therefore may reduce inappropriate inferences.