bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of inorganic fertilizer combination in the growth and yield of Palasa Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) local variety of Central Sulawesi
Authors: Saidah  , Syafruddin  , Suwitra IK , Wahyuni Andi Nirma , Wardani Nila , Meilin A. , Tandi Olvie G. , Purwaningsih Heni , Rahayu Heni SP , Amin Mirawanty , Asnawi  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The research aim to identify the optimal combination of inorganic fertilizer to enhance the growth and yield of Palasa local shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.). it was conducted from April to November 2023 in Kotarindau Village, Dolo District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. The implementation method used a Randomized Block Design with four inorganic fertilizer combination treatments and three replications. Fertilizer combination P0 (farmer’s fertilizer combination). P1 (basic fertilizer NPK 350 kg/ha + SP36 100 kg/ha + 1 t/ha dolomite lime. Follow-up I at 3 WAP NPK Mutiara 250 kg/ha. Follow-up II at 5 WAP ZA 200 kg/ha + KCl 100 kg/ha. P2 (basic fertilizer NPK 400 kg/ha + SP36 75 kg/ha + dolomite lime based on soil pH. Follow-up I at 3 WAP NPK Mutiara 200 kg/ha. Follow-up II at 5 WAP ZA 150 kg/ha + KCl 50 kg/ha. P3 (basic fertilizer NPK 450 kg/ha + SP36 50 kg/ha + dolomite lime 1.5 t/ha. Follow-up I at 3 WAP NPK Mutiara 150 kg/ha. Follow-up II at 5 WAP ZA 100 kg/ha + KCl 50 kg/ha. Observations consist of components of plant growth and yield. Data analysis used Anova and the 5% DMRT test. The results indicated that the combination of fertilizers had a significant effect on the growth and yield of Palasa shallots. Treatment P2 obtained the highest results compared to the other three fertilizer combinations, which was 14.64 t/ha. A combination of P2 fertilizers gave shallot yields in 24.17% higher compared to the farmer’s fertilizer combination (P0). However, the increasing dose reduces yields by 13.57% (P3).
Comparison study of antioxidant capacity, thermal and pasting properties, and microstructure of germinated and non-germinated pigeon peas flour from the Yogyakarta region of Indonesia
Authors: Ariviani Setyaningrum , Nafila Amanda Hasna , Nurunaja Nabilatuzzahro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Pigeon peas are a legume spread throughout various regions of Indonesia and are widely cultivated in the Yogyakarta region. Pigeon peas are a multifunctional legume with higher protein content than adzuki bean, pink bean and chickpea, higher resistant starch levels than mung bean, chickpea and black bean, lower fat content than soybean and cowpea, and have potential as antidiabetic, anti-obesity, and hypocholesterolemic agents due to its phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities. However, the utilization of pigeon peas in food applications is limited due to their anti-nutrient compounds. Germination reduces antinutrient compounds while increasing antioxidant capacity and modifying the flour characteristics of legume flour. This research aims to determine the effect of germination on alteration in antioxidative capacity, thermal and pasting properties, and microstructure of pigeon peas flour from the Yogyakarta region. The results showed that germinated pigeon peas flour exhibited significantly higher levels of total phenolic compounds and ABTS radical scavenging activity than the non-germinated flour. The lower onset (To) and peak temperature (Tp) levels and higher levels of conclusion temperature (Tc) and enthalpy (ΔH) were observed in germinated pigeon peas flour. The germinated pigeon peas flour also showed higher pasting temperature (PT) and peak time (PTime) levels. In contrast, the peak viscosity (PV), through viscosity (TV), breakdown viscosity (BV), setback viscosity (SV), and final viscosity (SV) values were lower than the non-germinated flour. The thermal and pasting properties of germinated pigeon peas flour were in line with its microstructure, which has a smaller starch granule size with an irregular shape, more protein and fiber attached to the starch granule surface and higher cellular material size than the non-germinated flour. The results have significant consequences in modifying thermal and pasting properties, antioxidant, and microstructural characteristics of local legumes flour. This is essential to provide functional ingredients sustainably by utilizing underutilized local legumes.
The application of local plants as environmentally friendly dyes on Timorese ‘Ikat’ Weaving
Authors: Mukkun Lince , Lalel Herianus J.D. , Simamora Agnes V. , Kleden Yasinta L. , Bano Maria 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The traditional ‘Ikat’ weaving in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) plays a vital role in the region’s economic development. This study investigates plants used for natural dyes, the colours they produce, and the potential for creating practical, ready-to-use dyes. Conducted in Oinlasi Village, South Central Timor, and Taekas Village, North Central Timor, data collection involved field observations and interviews with two weaving groups, each consisting of 12 participants. The research identified 20 plant species as sources of natural dyes. These plants offer dyes from their leaves, bark, roots, tubers, and fruits. Timber plants such as kesambi, teak, jackfruit, and mahogany provide dyes from their bark, while indigo, pandanus, suji, and ketapang contribute dyes from their leaves. Other plants like turmeric (rhizome) and hibiscus (flowers) also yield natural colours. Dye extraction involves three main methods: boiling, non-boiling, and fermentation, producing a range of colours including brown, yellow, red, blue, green, and black. Mordants like alum, iron sulphate, vinegar, and lime are used to fix the colours and prevent fading. Natural dyes contain compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins, offering potential applications in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. However, issues like colour fading, restricted metal salts, and consistency challenges exist. Ongoing research and increased awareness can help improve the durability and variety of natural dyes, making them a sustainable and eco-friendly option in an environmentally conscious era.
Testing of some high yielding varieties of rice on the growth and attack level of rice stem borer (Lepidoptera, pyralidae) with biostimulant treatment
Authors: Suastika Ida Bagus Kade , Ketut Kariada I 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In plant cultivation, environmental productivity is an important factor that determines plant growth and development as well as the negative impacts of the environment during the ontogenesis process. To stimulate plant growth, reduce stress-related limitations, and increase yields, biostimulant Egary treatments offer a potential new approach to modify physiological processes. Rhizobacteria Stenotrophomanas maltophilia Sg3 contained in biostimulant Egary produces IAA compounds that can support plant growth and produce 2-Naphthalene-sulfonic acid as an antiviral activity substance that can induce systemic resistance to certain pathogens and higher leaf chlorophyll levels compared to plants without Egary biostimulant treatment which can increase plant production. The results of the study showed that new superior varieties with biostimulant Egary treatment were able to increase growth and yield and were susceptible to stem borer.
Physicochemical characteristics of Inceptisol in highland Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Tiganderket District, Karo Regency after application of snake fruit waste compost
Authors: Sebayang N U W , Pratama F , Lubis N 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The date palm plantation in Tiganderket District, Karo Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia is the only one in North Sumatra that can grow and produce well in the highlands. Based on the soil type map, the soil order in the date palm land is Inceptisol. In the cultivation process, one of the interesting things is the application of snake fruit waste compost which is quite useful in improving the soil properties and growth of this plant. However, the effect of its application on soil chemical and biological properties remains poorly understood. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of applying compost from snake fruit waste on the chemical properties of Inceptisol soil in date palm fields, Tiganderket District, Karo Regency. This research method uses descriptive quantitative surveys. The parameters observed include phycial and chemical properties. The research results showed that there had been changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of Inceptisol soil. The physical soil include the texture of the clay is sandy loam, the bulk density is 0.99 g.cm−3 (medium), the porosity is good, and the soil color is black. While the chemical properties of pH are 6.23 (neutral), organic carbon is 2.05% (medium), Nitrogen is 0.58% (high), Phosphorus is 19.00 mg.kg−1 P2O5 (medium) and Potassium is 21.68 mg.kg−1 K2O (medium).
Mechanical properties of transition metal dichalcogenides: towards high-performance polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Papageorgiou Dimitrios G , Dong Ming , Zhang Han , Liu Mufeng , Young Robert J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit excellent tensile strength, flexibility, and resilience due to their unique layered structure, where metal atoms are sandwiched between two layers of chalcogen atoms. The strong in-plane covalent bonds and weak van der Waals forces between layers allow for easy exfoliation and exceptional mechanical performance at the nanoscale. This review focuses on the mechanical properties of few-layer TMDs and their integration into polymer matrices to create high-performance nanocomposites. Incorporating these TMDs into polymers results in significant improvements in modulus, strength and toughness. The review explores various incorporation techniques, emphasizing how these methods influence the mechanical properties of the composite. Additionally, the review highlights the impact of strain engineering on the mechanical properties of TMDs. By applying controlled mechanical deformation along with in situ Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy, the intrinsic properties of TMDs can be explored with a high degree of precision and then finely tuned to further enhance the composite materials. Next, we present how the performance of these materials in bulk nanocomposites can be optimised through the understanding of micromechanics that we show is applicable even at the nanoscale. Finally, we summarise the large amount of literature upon the reinforcement of polymers by few-layer TMDs and summarise conclusions on the effectiveness of reinforcement as a function of filler content.
Ultra-simplified design and quantitative analysis for the optical system of compact laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Yan Jiujiang , Liu Ke , Ma Jinxiu , Li Yang , Li Kailong , Wei Hongwei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Optimization and simplification of optical systems represent a milestone in advancing the development of handheld and portable laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) systems towards smaller, more integrated forms. This research, for the first time, conducted a comprehensive optimization design and comparative analysis of three compact LIBS system Optical paths: the paraxial optical path (OP), the off-axis OP, and the reflective OP. The differences in spectral intensity and stability among these paths were revealed, providing a scientific basis for selecting the optimal OP for LIBS systems. The research found that the paraxial OP excels in spectral performance and quantitative analysis accuracy, making it the preferred choice for compact LIBS systems. Specifically, the paraxial OP significantly enhances spectral intensity, achieving a 6 times improvement over the off-axis OP and an even more remarkable 150 times increase compared to the reflective OP, greatly enhancing detection sensitivity. Additionally, the relative standard deviation, spectral stability index, maintains a consistently low level, ranging from 10.9% to 13.4%, significantly outperforming the other two OPs and ensuring the reliability of analytical results. In the field of quantitative analysis, the paraxial OP also demonstrates higher accuracy, precision, and sensitivity, comparing to other OPs. The quantitative analysis models for Si, Cu, and Ti elements exhibit excellent fitting, providing users with high-quality quantitative analysis results that are of great significance for applications in material science, environmental monitoring, industrial inspection, and other fields. In summary, this study not only confirms the enormous application potential of the paraxial OP in compact LIBS systems but also provides valuable practical experience and theoretical support for the miniaturization and integration of LIBS systems. Looking ahead, with continuous technological advancements, the design of the paraxial OP is expected to further propel the widespread adoption of LIBS technology in portable, on-site detection applications.
Explicit estimates for the sum ∑_{𝑘=0}ⁿ𝑘!𝑛\choose𝑘²(-1)^{𝑘}
Authors: Ernvall-Hytönen Anne-Maria , Matala-aho Tapani 
Published: December 2024

We are interested in finding an explicit estimate to the binomial sum

Q
n

(
x
)
=

∑

k
=
0

n

k
!

(

n
k

)

2

(
−
x

)

k

Q_n(x)=\sum _{k=0}^{n} k! {n\choose k}^2 (-x)^{k}

at

x
=
1

x=1

for

n
=
0
,
1
,
2
,
…

n=0,1,2,\ldots

. Despite its own interest the polynomial

Q
n

(
x
)

Q_n(x)

is important as the denominator in the Padé identity of the Euler’s factorial series

E
(
x
)
=

∑

k
=
0

∞

k
!

x
k

E(x) = \sum _{k=0}^{\infty } k! x^k

as well as its close connection to a classical Laguerre polynomial

L
n

(
x
)
=

1

n
!

e
x

(

d

d
x

)

n

(

e

−
x

x
n

)

L_n(x) = \frac {1}{n!} e^x \left (\frac {d}{dx}\right )^n (e^{-x}x^n)

. Our main result is the explicit bound

|

L
n

(
1
)
−

e
π

⋅

cos
⁡
(
2

n

−

π
4

)

n

1

/

4

+

17
48

e
π

sin
⁡
(
2

n

−

π
4

)

n

3

/

4

|

>

0.51
n

\begin{equation*} \left |L_n(1)-\sqrt {\frac {e}{\pi }}\cdot \frac {\cos (2\sqrt {n}-\frac {\pi }{4})}{n^{1/4}} +\frac {17}{48}\sqrt {\frac {e}{\pi }}\frac {\sin (2\sqrt {n}-\frac {\pi }{4})}{n^{3/4}}\right |>\frac {0.51}{n} \end{equation*}

for all

n
=
0
,
1
,
2
,
…

n=0,1,2,\ldots

, which replaces the Fejér’s asymptotic formula from 1909. As a corollary of this, one also gets a new proof for the bound

|

Q

n

(
1
)

|

≤
n
!

|Q_{n}(1)| \le n!

, and even more.
Building Bodies
Authors: de Harven Vanessa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 puts the resources of the last three chapters to work in constructing the cosmos out of nothing more than two fundamental bodies, the principles, or archai: divine reason (logos), which is the agent of everything that happens, and slack matter (hulē), which is the patient in everything that happens. The hylomorphic thinker rightly asks, how will you make one body out of many bodies, what relation could be tighter than that of matter and form, the wax and its shape? And the Stoic replies: causal unity, the interaction of agent and patient bodies completely coextended in a through and through blend (krasis di’ holou). When a designing agent gives form and structure to the thick, slack patient with which it is coextended, there is a special kind of interaction between the bodies, one in which the agent is the sustaining cause of a newly generated individual. No Forms required!
The Lekta, Why Language is Earthborn Too
Authors: de Harven Vanessa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 12 argues that the lekta or sayables, roughly the meanings of our words, also depend on body for their subsistence, inheriting their semantic content from rational impressions (which are themselves bodies). First, lekta are inalienably semantic entities (sēmainomena). Secondly, the rational impressions on which the lekta are said to subsist have their own semantic content prior to the lekta that depend on them—rational impressions have the propositional content to give to the lekta. Therefore, the lekta are products of thought. And the specter of subjectivism need not threaten; the lekta remain objective and fit to do their dialectical duties as the bearers of truth value, what enters logical relations, as well as the objects of assent, belief, and impulse. And the role of lekta in the causal context does not change matters either: lekta are not effects in the causal chain, but explananda in a dialectical context.
School Closures and Respiratory Infections Transmission and Mortality: Evidence from School Holidays in Poland
Authors: Zaremba Krzysztof 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study examines the impact of temporary school closures on influenza transmission and respiratory mortality, leveraging a natural experiment from winter break timings in Polish schools. Using causal inference methods on 12 years of ILI (Influenza-Like Illness) data and two decades of respiratory death records, the analysis shows significant reductions in ILI incidence within four weeks post-closures in an average season: 75% among school-aged children, 55% in adults, 26% in pre-school children, and 31% in the elderly, compared to pre-vacation averages. Notably, a 7% decrease in respiratory mortality was observed among the elderly, highlighting school closures as an effective public health intervention for reducing influenza spread and mortality among high-risk groups.
Single-pass top-N subgraph centrality of graphs via subspace projections
Authors: Kalantzis Vassilis , Kollias Georgios , Ubaru Shashanka , Abe Naoki , Horesh Lior 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Subgraph centrality is a widely used centrality measure to rank the the importance of vertices in graphs. Due to the cubic cost of matrix diagonalization, subgraph centrality scores are typically approximated via projection onto an invariant subspace computed by a Krylov subspace eigenvalue solver. However, for dynamically evolving graphs or graphs whose corresponding adjacency matrix does not fit in the system memory, the application of memory-bound Krylov subspace eigenvalue solvers can be expensive. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to approximately identify the most influential nodes of networks under the constraint that each entry of the corresponding adjacency matrix is loaded only once. To achieve this, the algorithm parses the graph one subgraph at a time and accumulates previously processed graph information via updating a partial spectral factorization through a Rayleigh–Ritz projection. Several options to set the Rayleigh–Ritz subspace are discussed while numerical experiments performed on real-world graph datasets verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. In particular, one of the approaches discussed in this paper incurs only linear complexity with respect to the update size.
Urbanization-driven environmental shifts cause reduction in aminopeptidase N activity in the honeybee
Authors: Ferrari Andrea , Caccia Silvia , Polidori Carlo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Honeybees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758) are managed pollinators in anthropized landscapes but suffer adverse physiological effects from urbanization due to increased pollution, higher temperatures and a loss of habitat quality. Previous studies in various animal taxa have shown how responses of digestive enzymes, such as Aminopeptidase N (APN), can indicate stress conditions and thus be used to measure the harmfulness of anthropogenic disturbance. However, no studies have focused on bees. Here, we sampled honeybee foragers along an urbanization gradient in the Metropolitan City of Milan (Italy) and measured the APN activity. After briefly characterizing the midgut APN activity under different pH and temperature conditions, we found that APN activity was lower at urban sites with higher temperatures (Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect). Furthermore, an increasing proportion of meadows (semi-natural flowered areas) and a decreasing proportion of urban parks (managed urban green areas)—both higher in less urbanized sites—were associated with higher APN activity. Our results suggest that severe urban conditions may cause a reduction in APN activity, but that the UHI effect alone is not directly involved. Although the actual urbanization-related factors driving our results remain unclear, we suggest that impoverishment of food sources may play a role. As aminopeptidases are involved in pollen digestion, our results may indicate a possible impairment of the digestive capacity of honeybees in highly urbanized areas.
Does the pain experienced during orthodontic treatment and bracket removal depend on the architecture of the bracket or debonding method?
Authors: Gibas-Stanek Marta , Fudalej Piotr 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The fear of pain during the various stages of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is a common concern of patients. Therefore, the present research aimed to thoroughly investigate the impact of bracket architecture on pain perception during active treatment, debonding, and adhesive removal.

Materials
One hundred consecutive patients who completed treatment with one of two bracket systems (2-slot brackets with an integral base or conventional twin brackets with foil mesh) were included in this prospective cohort study. Participants were asked to evaluate the level of pain encountered throughout their orthodontic treatment with the fixed appliances and during bracket and adhesive removal, utilizing a 0–10 numerical rating scale. Two different methods of bracket removal (bracket debonding pliers and Lift-Off Debonding Instrument) and adhesive removal (adhesive removal pliers and rotary instrument) were tested.

Results
Our study found moderate and comparable levels of pain during active treatment in both groups (4.4 ± 1.6 in the 2-slot group and 3.9 ± 1.9 in the Twin group). Debonding of brackets with integral base caused more discomfort compared to conventional twin brackets and using bracket removal pliers elicited more pain sensations than when Lift-Off Debonding Instrument were employed. Patients are likely to prefer adhesive removal methods involving rotary instruments despite the sound and vibrations produced by contra-angle handpiece.

Limitations
The lack of randomization in patient grouping introduces an increased risk of bias.

Conclusions
The results of the present study suggest that the bracket architecture, particularly the construction of the bracket base, affects the level of discomfort experienced during debonding.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06324162, Registered 20 March 2024—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06324162
Characterization of beta2-adrenergic receptor knockout mouse model during Chlamydia muridarum genital infection
Authors: Belay Tesfaye , Sahu Rajnish , Dennis Vida , Cook Kaitlyn , Ray Alexis , Baker Danielle , Kelly Ashlei , Woart Nathasha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chlamydia genital infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease worldwide. A mouse model has been developed in our laboratory to better understand the effect of cold-induced stress on chlamydia genital infection and immune response. However, the stress mechanism affecting the host response to Chlamydia muridarum genital infection remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate a role for the beta2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR), which binds noradrenaline and modulates the immune response against chlamydia genital infection in a mouse model. A successful β2-AR homozygous knockout (KO) mouse model was used to study the infection and analyze the immune response. Our data show that stressed mice lacking the β2-AR are less susceptible to C. muridarum genital infection than controls. A correlation was obtained between lower organ load and higher interferon-gamma production by CD4+ and CD8+ cells of the KO mice. Furthermore, exposure of CD4+ T cells to noradrenaline alters the production of cytokines in mice during C. muridarum genital infection. This study suggests that the blockade of β2-AR signaling could be used to increase resistance to chlamydia genital infection. We value the β2-AR KO as a viable model that can provide reproducible results in investigating medical research, including chlamydia genital infection.