bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The bahamas project: effects of a running scalar spectral index on large-scale structure
Authors: Stafford Sam G , McCarthy Ian G , Crain Robert A , Salcido Jaime , Schaye Joop , Font Andreea S , Kwan Juliana , Pfeifer Simon 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Recent analyses of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the Lyman α forest indicate a mild preference for a deviation from a power-law primordial matter power spectrum (a so-called running). We introduce an extension to the bahamas suite of simulations to explore the effects that a running scalar spectral index has on large-scale structure (LSS), using Planck CMB constraints to initialize the simulations. We focus on five key statistics: (i) the non-linear matter power spectrum (ii) the halo mass function; (iii) the halo two-point autocorrelation function; (iv) total mass halo density profiles; and (v) the halo concentration–mass relation. We find that the matter power spectrum in a Planck-constrained running cosmology is affected on all k-scales examined in this study. These effects on the matter power spectrum should be detectable with upcoming surveys such as LSST and Euclid. A positive running cosmology leads to an increase in the mass of galaxy groups and clusters, with the favoured negative running leading to a decrease in mass of lower mass ($M \lesssim 10^{13} \, \textrm{M}_{\odot }$) haloes, but an increase for the most massive ($M \gtrsim 10^{13} \, \textrm{M}_{\odot }$) haloes. Changes in the mass are generally confined to $5\rm {-}10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ which, while not insignificant, cannot by itself reconcile the claimed tension between the primary CMB and cluster number counts. We also demonstrate that the observed effects on LSS due to a running scalar spectral index are separable from those of baryonic effects to typically a few per cent precision.
Thermal instability revisited
Authors: Falle S A E G , Wareing C J , Pittard J M 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Field’s linear analysis of thermal instability is repeated using methods related to Whitham’s theory of wave hierarchies, which brings out the physically relevant parameters in a much clearer way than in the original analysis. It is also used for the stability of non-equilibrium states and we show that for gas cooling behind a shock, the usual analysis is only quantitatively valid for shocks that are just able to trigger a transition to the cold phase. A magnetic field can readily be included and we show that this does not change the stability criteria. By considering steady shock solutions, we show that almost all plausible initial conditions lead to a magnetically dominated state on the unstable part of the equilibrium curve. These results are used to analyse numerical calculations of perturbed steady shock solutions and of shocks interacting with a warm cloud.
Age dating the Galactic bar with the nuclear stellar disc
Authors: Baba Junichi , Kawata Daisuke 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
From the decades of the theoretical studies, it is well known that the formation of the bar triggers the gas funnelling into the central sub-kpc region and leads to the formation of a kinematically cold nuclear stellar disc (NSD). We demonstrate that this mechanism can be used to identify the formation epoch of the Galactic bar, using an N-body/hydrodynamics simulation of an isolated Milky Way–like galaxy. As shown in many previous literature, our simulation shows that the bar formation triggers an intense star formation for ∼1 Gyr in the central region and forms an NSD. As a result, the oldest age limit of the NSD is relatively sharp, and the oldest population becomes similar to the age of the bar. Therefore, the age distribution of the NSD tells us the formation epoch of the bar. We discuss that a major challenge in measuring the age distribution of the NSD in the Milky Way is contamination from other non-negligible stellar components in the central region, such as a classical bulge component. We demonstrate that because the NSD is kinematically colder than the other stellar populations in the Galactic central region, the NSD population can be kinematically distinguished from the other stellar populations, if the 3D velocity of tracer stars is accurately measured. Hence, in addition to the line-of-sight velocities from spectroscopic surveys, the accurate measurements of the transverse velocities of stars are necessary, and hence the near-infrared space astrometry mission, JASMINE, would play a crucial role to identify the formation epoch of the Galactic bar. We also discuss that the accuracy of stellar age estimation is also crucial to measure the oldest limit of the NSD stellar population.
The high-redshift SFR–M* relation is sensitive to the employed star formation rate and stellar mass indicators: towards addressing the tension between observations and simulations
Authors: Katsianis A , Gonzalez V , Barrientos D , Yang X , Lagos C D P , Schaye J , Camps P , Trčka A , Baes M , Stalevski M , Blanc G A , Theuns T 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
There is a severe tension between the observed star formation rate (SFR)–stellar mass (M⋆) relations reported by different authors at z = 1–4. In addition, the observations have not been successfully reproduced by state-of-the-art cosmological simulations that tend to predict a factor of 2–4 smaller SFRs at a fixed M⋆. We examine the evolution of the SFR–M⋆ relation of z = 1–4 galaxies using the skirt simulated spectral energy distributions of galaxies sampled from the Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments simulations. We derive SFRs and stellar masses by mimicking different observational techniques. We find that the tension between observed and simulated SFR–M⋆ relations is largely alleviated if similar methods are used to infer the galaxy properties. We find that relations relying on infrared wavelengths (e.g. 24 ${\rm \, \mu m}$, MIPS – 24, 70, and 160 ${\rm \, \mu m}$ or SPIRE – 250, 350, and 500 ${\rm \, \mu m}$) have SFRs that exceed the intrinsic relation by 0.5 dex. Relations that rely on the spectral energy distribution fitting technique underpredict the SFRs at a fixed stellar mass by −0.5 dex at z ∼ 4 but overpredict the measurements by 0.3 dex at z ∼ 1. Relations relying on dust-corrected rest-frame ultraviolet luminosities, are flatter since they overpredict/underpredict SFRs for low/high star-forming objects and yield deviations from the intrinsic relation from 0.10 to −0.13 dex at z ∼ 4. We suggest that the severe tension between different observational studies can be broadly explained by the fact that different groups employ different techniques to infer their SFRs.
Predictable Properties of Fitness Landscapes Induced by Adaptational Tradeoffs
Authors: Das Suman G. , Direito Susana O. L. , Waclaw Bartlomiej , Allen Rosalind J. , Krug Joachim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFitness effects of mutations depend on environmental parameters. For example, mutations that increase fitness of bacteria at high antibiotic concentration often decrease fitness in the absence of antibiotic, exemplifying a tradeoff between adaptation to environmental extremes. We develop a mathematical model for fitness landscapes generated by such tradeoffs, based on experiments that determine the antibiotic dose-response curves ofEscherichia colistrains, and previous observations on antibiotic resistance mutations. Our model generates a succession of landscapes with predictable properties as antibiotic concentration is varied. The landscape is nearly smooth at low and high concentrations, but the tradeoff induces a high ruggedness at intermediate antibiotic concentrations. Despite this high ruggedness, however, all the fitness maxima in the landscapes are evolutionarily accessible from the wild type. This implies that selection for antibiotic resistance in multiple mutational steps is relatively facile despite the complexity of the underlying landscape.
Counteracting Genome Instability by p53-dependent Mintosis
Authors: Liang Jianqing , Niu Zubiao , Yu Xiaochen , Zhang Bo , Zheng You , Wang Manna , Ruan Banzhan , Qin Hongquan , Zhang Xin , Gu Songzhi , Sai Xiaoyong , Tai Yanhong , Gao Lihua , Ma Li , Chen Zhaolie , Huang Hongyan , Wang Xiaoning , Sun Qiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEntosis was proposed to promote aneuploidy and genome instability by cell-in-cell mediated engulfment in tumor cells. We reported here, in epithelial cells, that entosis coupled with mitotic arrest functions to counteract genome instability by targeting aneuploid mitotic progenies for engulfment and elimination. We found that the formation of cell-in-cell structures associated with prolonged mitosis, which was sufficient to induce entosis. This process was controlled by the tumor suppressor p53 (wild type) that upregulates Rnd3 expression in response to DNA damages associated with prolonged metaphase. Rnd3 compartmentalized RhoA activities accumulated during prolonged metaphase to drive cell-in-cell formation. Remarkably, this prolongedmitosis-induced entosis(mintosis) selectively targets non-diploid progenies for internalization, blockade of which increased aneuploidy. Thus, our work uncovered a heretofore unrecognized mechanism of mitotic surveillance for entosis, which eliminates newly-born abnormal daughter cells in a p53-depedent way to maintain genome integrity.
Efficient approximations for stationary single-channel Ca2+nanodomains across length scales
Authors: Chen Y , Muratov C , Matveev V 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTWe consider the stationary solution for the Ca2+concentration near a point Ca2+source describing a single-channel Ca2+nanodomain, in the presence of a single mobile Ca2+buffer with one-to-one Ca2+binding. We present computationally efficient approximants that estimate stationary single-channel Ca2+nanodomains with great accuracy in broad regions of parameter space. The presented approximants have a functional form that combines rational and exponential functions, which is similar to that of the well-known Excess Buffer Approximation and the linear approximation, but with parameters estimated using two novel (to our knowledge) methods. One of the methods involves interpolation between the short-range Taylor series of the buffer concentration and its long-range asymptotic series in inverse powers of distance from the channel. Although this method has already been used to find Padé (rational-function) approximants to single-channel Ca2+and buffer concentration, extending this method to interpolants combining exponential and rational functions improves accuracy in a significant fraction of the relevant parameter space. A second method is based on the variational approach, and involves a global minimization of an appropriate functional with respect to parameters of the chosen approximations. Extensive parameter sensitivity analysis is presented, comparing these two methods with previously developed approximants. Apart from increased accuracy, the strength of these approximants is that they can be extended to more realistic buffers with multiple binding sites characterized by cooperative Ca2+binding, such as calmodulin and calretinin.STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEMathematical and computational modeling plays an important role in the study of local Ca2+signals underlying vesicle exocysosis, muscle contraction and other fundamental physiological processes. Closed-form approximations describing steady-state distribution of Ca2+in the vicinity of an open Ca2+channel have proved particularly useful for the qualitative modeling of local Ca2+signals. We present simple and efficient approximants for the Ca2+concentration in the presence of a mobile Ca2+buffer, which achieve great accuracy over a wide range of model parameters. Such approximations provide an efficient method for estimating Ca2+and buffer concentrations without resorting to numerical simulations, and allow to study the qualitative dependence of nanodomain Ca2+distribution on the buffer’s Ca2+binding properties and its diffusivity.
Estimation for normal contact stiffness of joint surfaces by considering the variation of critical deformation
Authors: Sun Qingchao , Liu Xin , Mu Xiaokai , Gao Yichao 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to study the relationship between normal contact stiffness and contact load. It purpose a new calculation model of the normal contact stiffness of joint surfaces by considering the elastic–plastic critical deformation change of asperities contact.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper described the surface topography of joint surfaces based on fractal geometry, and fractal parameters and of fractal function derived from measurement data. According to the plastic–elastic contact theory, the contact deformation characteristic of asperities was analyzed; the critical deformation estimation model was presented, which expressed critical deformation as the function of fractal parameters and contact deformation; the contact stiffness calculation model of single asperity was brought forward by considering critical deformation change.

Findings
The paper combined the surface topography description function, analyzed the asperity contact states by considering the critical deformation change, and calculated normal contact stiffness based on fractal theory and contact deformation analysis. The comparison between theoretical contact stiffness and experimental data indicated that the theoretical normal contact stiffness agreed with the experimental data, and the estimation model for normal contact stiffness was appropriate.

Research limitations/implications
Owing to the possibility of plastic deformation during the loading process, the experimental curve between the contact stiffness and the contact load is nonlinear, resulting in an error between the experimental results and the theoretical calculation results.

Originality/value
The paper established the relationship between critical deformation and fractal surface topography by constructing asperity distribution function. The paper proposed a new normal contact stiffness calculation model of joint surfaces by considering the variation of critical deformation in contact process.
Numerical simulation and verification of MHD-vortex
Authors: Khatsayuk Maxim , Timofeev Viktor , Demidovich Viktor 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is research and development of the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)-vortex technology.

Design/methodology/approach
The main instruments of research are mathematical modeling. For mathematical modeling used numerical and analytical both methods. For verification was made small copy of facility with forming of vortex in rotating magnetic field.

Findings
The design and manufacture of the industrial unit for melting small metal waste in a gas-fired smelt furnace has been completed.

Originality/value
Here shows new algorithm for engineering calculation of arc induction systems with take into account longitudinal edge effect and discrete distribution of current layers. Also shows verification of numerical results. Presented new MHD-technology for forming vortex in electromagnetic field.
Simulation and experimental studies of induction hardening behavior of a new medium-carbon, low-alloy wear resistance steel
Authors: Javaheri Vahid , Asperheim John Inge , Grande Bjørnar , Kolli Satish , Porter David 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this work is to determine the induction hardening behavior of a new steel composition. For this purpose, Flux2D commercial software together with a Gleeble thermomechanical simulator has been used to numerically and physically simulate the material properties profile of an induction hardened slurry transportation pipe made of a recently developed 0.4 Wt.% C, Nb-microalloyed steel.

Design/methodology/approach
Flux 2D commercial software together with a Gleeble thermomechanical simulator machine has been used to predict the induction behavior of the studied material. After calculating the thermal history of a 400 mm diameter, 10 mm thick pipe at various positions through the thickness, different heating and cooling paths were physically simulated using the Gleeble machine to predict the through thickness material microstructure and hardness profiles.

Finding
The results showed that by coupling a phase transformation model considering the effect of heating rate on the austenite transformation temperatures which allows calculations for arbitrary cooling paths with calculated induction heating and quenching thermal cycles, it has been possible to design induction hardening parameters for a slurry transport pipe material.

Originality/value
The composition used in this research as well as the methodology approach is designed at this work.
The social value creation of MNEs – a literature review across multiple academic fields
Authors: Sinkovics Noemi , Archie-acheampong Jason 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
This study aims to investigate how different academic fields within and outside of international business (IB) engage with the topics of social value creation in the context of multinational enterprises (MNEs). The aim is to take stock of the main themes and offer suggestions for future research avenues.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper undertakes a scoping review. The authors use the Web of Science database to identify relevant articles. The database search yielded 466 articles. The NVivo software was used to code and identify key thematic areas.

Findings
The matrix analysis performed in NVivo yielded 15 main thematic areas spanning 37 research fields. However, further analysis revealed that 89 per cent of the articles originated from 13 fields. Furthermore, while IB journals represent the second-largest field home to publications related to the social value creation of MNEs, they only account for 12 per cent of the sample.

Originality/value
The paper responds to prior calls to reduce disciplinary silos through the performing of a thematic analysis across a multitude of research fields.
Sharing a powerful IDEA: learning organizations collaborating to innovate and design engaging applications in STEM education
Authors: Sterrett William L. , Azam Rauf I. , Moallem Mahnaz , Boersma Jess , Bashir Ahsan , Ricanek Karl , Saeed Mohammad Alam , Butt Intzar Hussain , Mahmood Aisha , Sukhera Sohail Masood , Gordon Christopher Raymond 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
This study sought to better understand how to support and plan for a collaborative effort that brought educators together from three universities in the United States and Pakistan. This project sough to foster collaborative relationships between the two countries by expanding knowledge, collaboration, and capacity in middle schools in the Punjab region of Pakistan with a particular focus on underrepresented students and middle grades STEM instruction.

Design/methodology/approach
This study was informed through the use of formative survey data gathered from the workshop participants throughout the course of the week. The researchers conducted pre and post surveys of 22 participants using Likert scale items.

Findings
This project provided insights regarding curriculum alignment, engaging communication, teacher-centered formative data. These findings offered insights on how to grow as reflective practitioners and researchers, and how to form a robust multi-national professional learning community.

Research limitations/implications
The survey data were gathered from participants who willingly sought professional development in one region of Pakistan. The sample was small (four participating middle schools and one local university) and thus the findings cannot be necessarily generalized to a greater population.

Practical implications
This project provides practical insights of how teams can work together in regard to building a professional learning community. Teams can plan with intentionality, foster various modes of discussion, and empower both teachers and students to inquire, solve problems, and share their insights.

Social implications
The STEM topics in this study are important across continents. Navigating time constraints and distance is feasible through communication, attention to objectives and clarity in goals, and a desire to learn outside of one’s usual comfort zones.

Originality/value
This project was unique in the time and space in which it was designed and implemented, yet it offers value in fostering ongoing collaboration through various modalities and in being intentional in the planning process.
Rural immersion program in India: integrating management education with community
Authors: Malhotra Smitu , Pingali Venugopal 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review Indian management-school programs that integrate social and environmental concerns in the curriculum.

Approach
The paper analyses the data provided in the form of reports submitted by students after the rural immersion program and draws inferences from the written material.

Findings
This paper illustrates the usefulness of the rural immersion program in sensitizing students about the social divide that exists in India; thus, it helps inculcate an inclusive mind-set.

Practical implications
This paper emphasizes the usefulness of creating a management curriculum that integrates societal issues in the learning process.

Originality/value
The paper discusses how a top Indian business school is attempting to develop socially-responsible managers.
A new educational paradigm for the 21st century
Authors: Cunningham Ian 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
This paper calls for a New Educational Paradigm in which young people are supported through an educational process that assists them to take charge of their own learning. A process in which they choose what they want to learn and how rather than the current system that requires them to regurgitate facts in order to pass tests/exams.

Design/methodology/approach
A viewpoint based on the author's experience of running the Self Managed Learning College in the UK for the past 20 years and his forthcoming book detailing the research evidence that highlights the need for change.

Findings
Businesses complain that the education system does not currently equip young people with the skills they need to thrive in the ever-changing world of work. The system needs to change and business leaders need to get involved. The College is one example of many around the world where people are deciding to get away from the rigidities, inappropriateness and waste of the current system.

Originality/value
The College is a unique environment which has been successfully operating for 20 years. The operating processes of the College match the outcomes needed in the working world and wider society. It provides an exemplar of how to help young people take responsibility for their own learning in order for them to lead a good life in the future.