bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T
issierella
Authors: Lawson Paul A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Tis.sier.el'la. N.L. dim. ending ‐
ella;
N.L. fem. dim. n.
Tissierella
, named after Henry Tissier, who first described the organism that was originally isolated from the feces of an infant.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Tissierellales / Tissierellaceae / Tissierella

The genus
Tissierella
is phylogenetically placed within the family
Tissierellaceae
, the order
Tissierellales
, and in the phylum
Firmicutes
.
Tissierella
forms a coherent group with the members of the genera
Anaerosalibacter
,
Keratinibaculum
,
Sporoanaerobacter
,
Soehngenia
, and
Tepidimicrobium
and the misclassified species
Clostridium ultunense
. The genus consists of four species,
Tissierella praeacuta
, the type species,
Tissierella carlieri, Tissierella creatinophila, and Tissierella creatinini
. Although placed within the Gram‐positive bacteria, the cells of some species may appear as Gram‐stain‐positive or ‐negative. Cells are rod shaped and nonsporulating. Can be either nonmotile or motile via peritrichous flagella that occur singly, in pairs, or in short chains. They are obligately anaerobic and grow optimally at 37°C. When grown on solid medium, colonies are distinct, flat or low convex, white to gray. Weak or nonfermentative. Creatine or creatinine is required for growth, and the end products of this metabolism are typically acetate, ammonia, and CO
2
. When grown in peptone–yeast extract–glucose broth, the predominant metabolic end products are acetic, butyric, and isovaleric acids. Fatty acids are nonhydroxylated and 3‐hydroxylated long‐chain fatty acids that are straight‐chained saturated and
iso
‐methyl branched‐chain types; iso‐C
15:0
or C
18:1 c11/12
predominates. Where reported, the cell‐wall peptidoglycan contains
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid or
d
‐ornithine, and respiratory menaquinones are absent. Chromosomal genomic size ranges from 3.24 to 3.56 Mb, with four
rrn
operon copies. Isolated from various infected sites in humans, human feces, and environmental sources, depending on the species.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 28–32.

Type species
:
Tissierella praeacuta
(Tissier 1908) Collins and Shah 1986, 462
VP
(
Bacteroides praeancutus
Holdeman and Moore, 1970) emend. Bae, Park, Chang, Rhee, Kim and Park 2004, 948, emend Alauzet, Marchandin, Courtin, Mory, Lemée, Pons, et al. 2014, 31.
Smithella
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSmith.el'la. N.L. fem. n.Smithellanamed for Paul H. Smith in honor of his many contributions to the understanding of methanogenic propionate degradation.Desulfobacterota / Syntrophia / Syntrophales / Smithellaceae / SmithellaElongated, slightly sinuous rods, 0.5 µm × 3.0–5.0 µm (some cells up to 10.0 µm), with round ends. Weakly motile. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores have not been observed. Strictly anaerobic having a fermentative type of metabolism. Mesophilic. Chemoorganoheterotroph. Grows on crotonate as energy source; also capable of using butyrate, propionate, malate, and fumarate in syntrophic association with H2‐ or formate‐utilizing microorganisms. The genusSmithellacontains one described species. Mesophilic and neutrophilic.Smithellaspecies occur in methanogenic environments in which propionate is degraded, such as anaerobic digestors.DNA G + C content (mol %): unknown.Type species:Smithella propionicaLiu, Balkwill, Aldrich, Drake and Boone 1999, 553VP.
A
naerosalibacter
Authors: Fardeau Marie‐Laure , Cayol Jean‐Luc , Ollivier Bernard 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

An.a.e.ro.sa.li.bac'ter. Gr. pref.
an
not; Gr. n.
aer
,
aeros
, air; L. neut. n.
sal
,
salis
, salt; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
, a rod; N.L. masc. n.
Anaerosalibacter
, an anaerobic halotolerant rod.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Tissierellaceae / Anaerosalibacter

The genus
Anaerosalibacter
comprises two species with validly published names,
Anaerosalibacter bizertensis
, isolated from storage tanks holding waste generated by the recycling of discarded motor oils in north Tunisia; and
Anaerosalibacter massiliensis
, obtained from a stool sample of a 49‐year‐old Brazilian man as part of a culturomics study aiming at cultivating individually all bacterial species of the human gut microbiota. The species are thermotolerant, moderately halophilic, and strictly anaerobic and grow by fermentation of carbohydrates. Phylogenetic analyses using 16S RNA gene sequences placed the two species in the
Clostridiaceae
family.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 31.1.

Type species
:
Anaerosalibacter bizertensis
Rezgui, Maaroufi, Fardeau, Ben Ali Gam, Cayol, Ben Hamed et al. 2012, 2473
VP
.
H
erminiimonas
Authors: Albuquerque Luciana , Rainey Fred A. , da Costa Milton S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Her.mi.ni.i.mo'nas. L. masc. n.
Mons Herminius
a mountain range of Lusitania; L. fem. n. monas, a unit, monad; N.L. fem. n.
Herminiimonas
a monad from
Mons Herminius
.

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Burkholderiales / Oxalobacteraceae / Herminiimonas

Rod‐shaped cells, 0.3–1.2 µm in width and 0.8–4.0 µm in length. Motile. Endospores are not observed. Stain Gram‐negative. Colonies are yellow‐pigmented or nonpigmented. Mesophilic. Chemoorganotrophic. Strictly aerobic. Cytochrome
c
oxidase and catalase positive. Organic acids and complex mixtures of amino acids or a few single amino acids are used as carbon and energy sources. Major respiratory quinone is ubiquinone 8. Major polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol; some species also possess phosphatidylserine. Fatty acids are straight‐chain, saturated, and unsaturated; some species have large amounts of C
17
:0
cyclo; C
10
:0
3‐OH is present in moderate amounts in all species. Isolated from pristine environments such as drinking water, sources of bottled mineral water, glacial ice, lichen‐colonized rock, as well as contaminants of biopharmaceutical processes and from arsenic‐contaminated industrial wastewater.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 52.2–59.0 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Herminiimonas fonticola
Fernandes, Rainey, Nobre, Pinhal, Folhas and da Costa 2005b, 2236
VP
(Effective publication: Fernandes, Rainey, Nobre, Pinhal, Folhas and da Costa 2005a, 602).
D
esulfoglaeba
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

De.sul.fo.glae'ba. L. prep.
de
, from; N.L. pref.
sulfo
‐, prefix used for N.L. masc. n.
sulfas ‐atis
(sulfate) in genus names of sulfate‐reducing prokaryotes; L. fem. n.
glaeba
, clump, crumb, aggregate; N.L. fem. n.
Desulfoglaeba
, sulfate‐reducing clump/aggregate.

Proteobacteria / Deltaproteobacteria / Syntrophobacterales / Syntrophobacteraceae / Desulfoglaeba

Slightly curved, short rods, 1.0–1.4 µm × 2.5–3.0 µm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Gram‐stain‐negative. Nonmotile. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganotrophic, using short straight‐chain fatty acids, pyruvate, 4‐methyloctanoate, and n‐alkanes (C
6
to C
12
) as carbon sources and electron donors. Electron donors are completely oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). Sulfate and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. Mesophilic. Optimal growth temperature between 31 and 37°C. Neutrophilic. Optimal growth pH, 6.5–7.2. Media containing a reductant are necessary for growth.
Desulfoglaeba
species occur in hydrocarbon‐contaminated marine environments and in oil field formation waters.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 53.6 (HPLC), 59.3 (genome).

Type species
:
Desulfoglaeba alkanexedens
Davidova, Duncan, Choi and Suflita 2006, 2741
VP
.
S
inibacillus
Authors: Yang Guiqin , Yu Zhen , Zhou Shungui 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Si.ni.ba.cil'lus. N.L. fem. pl. n.
Sinae
China; L. dim. n.
bacillus
, a small rod; N.L. masc. n.
Sinibacillus
a rod‐shaped microbe isolated from China.

Firmicutes / Bacilli / Bacillales / Bacillaceae / Sinibacillus

Cells are Gram‐positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, and endospore‐forming rods that occur singly or in short chains. Colonies are small, circular, and convex with regular margin. Growth occurs in the temperature range 30–63°C, within a narrow pH range (7.0–9.0), and with NaCl concentrations of 0.5–6% (w/v). The cell wall peptidoglycan type is A1
γ
(
meso
‐DAP direct). Cellular fatty acids consist mainly of iso‐ and anteiso‐branched acids with anteiso‐C
15:0
predominating. The major respiratory quinone is MK‐7. Polar lipids mainly consist of diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. Phylogenetically related to the genera
Pseudogracilibacillus
,
Ornithinibacillus
,
Virgibacillus
,
Oceanobacillus
, and other genera of the family Bacillaceae. The members of the genus exhibiting low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the nearest species
Ornithinibacillus contaminans
(94.9%) and
Pseudogracilibacillus marinus
(94.6%). Members of the class Bacilli, family Bacillaceae. Known habitats are tropical forest soil and hot spring sediment.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 43.7–44.1 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Sinibacillus soli
Yang and Zhou 2014, 1651
VP
.
Natranaerobaculum
Authors: Zavarzina Daria G. , Kublanov Ilya V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNatr.a.na.e.ro.ba'cu.lum. N.L. n.natronderived from the Arabic n.natrunornatronsoda; Gr. pref.annot; Gr. n.aerair; L. neut. n.baculumsmall stick; N.L. neut. n.Natranaerobaculuma soda‐requiring anaerobic rod.Firmicutes / Clostridia / Natranaerobiales / Natranaerobiaceae / NatranaerobaculumThe genusNatranaerobaculumis represented by a single species,Natranaerobaculum magadiense. Cells occur in the form of straight or slightly curved thin rods. Slowly motile and spore‐forming. The cell wall has a Gram‐positive structure. Strictly anaerobic and polyextremophilic, that is, thermotolerant, extremely alkaliphilic and natronophilic, and obligately dependent on sodium carbonates. Grows by fermentation of peptides, such as meat and yeast extracts, peptone, and tryptone. With yeast extract as an electron donor, reduces thiosulfate, nitrate, arsenate, ferric citrate, and anthraquinone‐2,6‐disulfonate. Grows oligotrophically with 0.03 g/l of yeast extract as sole carbon source. The main fatty acids are C16:0,C16:1ω7c, C18:0, and C18:1ω9. Member of the phylumFirmicutes, class “Clostridia”, orderNatranaerobiales(Mesbah et al., 2007), and familyNatranaerobiaceae(Mesbah et al., 2007). The known habitats are a highly hypersaline soda lake Magadi (Kenya) and one of the lakes from Kulunda Steppe (Russia).DNA G + C content (mol%): 35.6 (Tm).Type species:Natranaerobaculum magadienseZavarzina, Zhilina, Kuznetsov, Kolganova, Osipov, Kotelev et al. 2013, 4460VP.
P
ontibaca
Authors: Kim Song‐Gun , Nedashkovskaya Olga I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Pon.ti.ba'ca. L. masc. n.
pontus
, the sea; L. fem. n.
baca
, a berry, especially an olive; N.L. fem. n.
Pontibaca
, olive‐shaped (bacterium) of the sea.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodobacterales / Rhodobacteraceae / Pontibaca

The genus
Pontibaca
was first described by Kim et al. in 2010 to report novel marine bacterial strains that degrade methylated amines under denitrifying conditions. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the genus
Pontibaca
is a member of the family
Rhodobacteraceae
to form a unique lineage with the genera of
Pelagivirga
,
Oceaniovalibus
,
Profundibacterium
,
Hwanghaeicola
, and
Maribius
. Cells are Gram‐negative, nonmotile, non‐spore‐forming, and oval‐shaped rods that produce creamy white colonies on tryptic soy agar (BD) supplemented with 2% NaCl (w/v) or marine agar 2216, require NaCl for growth, contain Q‐10 as the predominant ubiquinone, contain C
18:1
ω7
c
, C
19:0
cyclo ω8
c
, and C
16:0
as the major fatty acids, and have major polar lipids consisting of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol. The genus
Pontibaca
has only one species.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 66.5 (genome sequencing).

Type species
:
Pontibaca methylaminivorans
Kim, Lee, Lee, Oh and Kim 2010b, 2174
VP
.
P
istricoccus
Authors: Xu Zhen‐Xing , Du Zong‐Jun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Pis.tri.coc'cus. L. fem. n.
pistris
, a sea monster, a shark; N.L. masc. n.
coccus
(from Gr. n.
kokkos
), a berry; N.L. masc. n.
Pistricoccus
, a coccus from a shark.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Oceanospirillales / Halomonadaceae / Pistricoccus

Pistricoccus
is a genus in the family
Halomonadaceae
, order
Oceanospirillales
, class
Gammaproteobacteria
, and phylum
Proteobacteria
. It currently contains one species,
Pistricoccus aurantiacus
, isolated from the gill homogenate of a dead shark. The colonies of this genus are orange pigmented, circular, and smooth. Cells are Gram‐stain‐negative, nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic, spherical, and moderately halophilic. Catalase‐positive and oxidase‐negative. NaCl is required for growth. The predominant cellular fatty acids are C
18
:1
ω7
c
, C
16
:0
, and summed feature 3 (C
16
:1
ω7
c
and/or iso‐C
15
:0
2‐OH). Q‐9 is the predominant ubiquinone. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 60.4 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Pistricoccus aurantiacus
Xu, Liang, Lu, Chen and Du 2017, 1096
VP
(Effective publication: Xu, Liang, Lu, Chen and Du 2016, 1599).
S
alinivenus
Authors: Viver Tomeu , Antón Josefa , Amoozegar Mohammad A. , Rosselló‐Móra Ramon 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Sa.li.ni.ve'nus. L. fem. pl. n.
salinae
, salterns, salt works; L. fem. n.
venus
, beauty, grace, elegance; N.L. fem. n.
Salinivenus
, a salt‐works beauty, reflecting the attractive appearance of colonies.

Rhodothermaeota / Rhodothermia / Rhodothermales / Salinibacteraceae / Salinivenus

Cells are long, rod shaped, and nonmotile. Colonies are red/orange pigmented. Gram‐stain‐negative. Catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive. Halophilic microorganisms showing a growth range of NaCl concentration between 11.6 and 29.2% (2–5 M) and optimum at 17.5% (3 M). Both strains grow in a pH range of 6–8 and temperature range of 25–50°C. The medium needs to be supplemented with 0.05 M of MgCl
2
. The major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, three unidentified lipids, one unidentified aminolipid, and three unidentified glycolipids. Currently, the genus comprises two species,
Salinivenus iranica
and
Salinivenus lutea
, both isolated from a salt lake located in Aran‐Bidgol (Iran). The genus has been classified within the family
Salinibacteraceae
(
see
Lentisphaeraceae
) showing a 16S rRNA similarity with the members of the genus
Salinibacter
of 93.4%, as well as ANI and AAI values of 80 and 71%, respectively.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 65.66–65.9 calculated from the genome sequence.

Type species
:
Salinivenus iranica
(Makhdoumi‐Kakhki, Amoozegar and Ventosa 2012) Munoz, Rosselló‐Móra and Amann 2016b, 2708
VP
(Effective publication: Munoz, Rosselló‐Móra and Amann 2016a, 293; basonym
Salinibacter iranicus
Makhdoumi‐Kakhki, Amoozegar and Ventosa 2012, 1525)
L
ongibacter
Authors: Xia Jun , Du Zong‐Jun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Lon.gi.bac'ter. L. masc. adj.
longus
, long; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
, rod or staff; N.L. masc. n.
Longibacter
, a long rod.

Rhodothermaeota / Rhodothermia / Rhodothermales / Salinibacteraceae / Longibacter

Longibacter
is a genus in the family
Salinibacteraceae
, order
Rhodothermales
, class
Rhodothermia
, and phylum
Rhodothermaeota
. It currently includes only one species,
Longibacter salinarum
, which was isolated from a marine solar saltern in China. Cells of
Longibacter salinarum
are long and rod shaped, red, Gram‐stain‐negative, facultatively anaerobic, heterotrophic, catalase‐positive, and oxidase‐negative. Optimal growth is observed at 40°C, at pH 7.5–8.0, with 8–12% (w/v) NaCl. Nitrate is not reduced. Glycerol, sucrose, starch, and
d
‐mannitol stimulate growth, but not glucose,
d
‐fructose,
d
‐galactose,
d
‐lactose, maltose,
d
‐mannose,
d
‐xylose,
d
‐ribose,
d
‐arabinose,
l
‐rhamnose, or cellobiose. The sole methyl naphthoquinone is MK‐7, and the predominant cellular fatty acids (>10%) are iso‐C
15
:0
2‐OH/C
16
:1
ω7
c
, iso‐C
17:1
ω9
c
, iso‐C
15
:0
, and iso‐C
17
:0
. The predominant polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid, three unidentified phospholipids, and two unidentified lipids.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 58.1 (HPLC), 59.3 (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Longibacter salinarum
Xia, Dunlap, Flor‐Weiler, Rooney, Chen and Du 2016, 3291
VP
.
H
alanaerobaculum
Authors: Cayol Jean‐Luc 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Hal.an.ae.ro.ba'cu.lum. Gr. masc. n.
hals
, salt; Gr. pref.
an
, not; Gr. masc. or fem. n.
aer
, air; L. neut. n.
baculum
, stick; N.L. neut. n.
Halanaerobaculum
, salt stick not living in air.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Halanaerobiales / Halobacteroidaceae / Halanaerobaculum

The genus
Halanaerobaculum
comprises one species with validly published name,
Halanaerobaculum tunisiense
, which was isolated from the hypersaline surface sediments of El‐Djerid Chott, Tunisia. The genus is halophilic, strictly anaerobic, and chemoorganotrophic. The genus
Halanaerobaculum
belongs to the family
Halobacteroidaceae
; order
Halanaerobiales
; class
Clostridia
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 34.3 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Halanaerobaculum tunisiense
Hedi, Fardeau, Sadfi, Boudabous, Ollivier and Cayol 2009b, 923
VP
(Effective publication: Hedi, Fardeau, Sadfi, Boudabous, Ollivier and Cayol 2009a, 317).
W
oodsholea
Authors: Abraham Wolf‐Rainer 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Woods.ho'le.a. N.L. fem. n.
Woodsholea
, named in honor of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts, USA.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodobacterales / Hyphomonadaceae / Woodsholea

Woodsholea
species are Gram‐negative cells, rod shaped, and dimorphic; one type of cell possesses a prosthecum (stalk), extending from one pole as a continuation of the long axis of the cell. Adhesive material is present at the distal end of the stalk attaching the cells to interfaces. The other type of cell is mobile by means of a polar flagellum. Multiplication by binary fission. Colonies are circular, convex, and colorless. Chemoorganotrophic aerobes, and cells can store carbon as poly‐β‐hydroxybutyric acid. Species grow on peptone/yeast extract media supplemented with NaCl. The growth temperature range is 20–40°C, and optimal pH for growth is approximately neutral. Do not reduce nitrate. Cells are positive for alkaline phosphatase, naphthol‐AS‐BI‐phosphohydrolase, leucine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), oxidase, and trypsin, but negative for α‐ and β‐galactosidase, α‐glucuronidase, α‐ and β‐glucosidase, α‐mannosidase, and α‐fucosidase. The genus is characterized by two major fatty acids, 18:0 and 18:1 ω7
c
, and minor amounts of 12:0 3‐OH, 16:0, 17:0, and the unidentified fatty acid ECL 15.275. The polar lipids are α‐
d
‐glucopyranosyl diacylglycerol, α‐
d
‐glucopyranuronosyl diacylglycerol, sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol, and α‐
d
‐glucuronopyranosyl diacylglycerol taurine amide. Isolated from sea water.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 55.7 (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Woodsholea maritima
Abraham, Strömpl, Vancanneyt, Bennasar, Swings, Lünsdorf, et al., 2004, 1233
VP
.
Hippocampal epileptogenesis in autoimmune encephalitis
Authors: Romoli Michele , Krashia Paraskevi , Sen Arjune , Franciotta Diego , Gastaldi Matteo , Nobili Annalisa , Mancini Andrea , Nardi Cesarini Elena , Nigro Pasquale , Tambasco Nicola , Mercuri Nicola B. , Parnetti Lucilla , Di Filippo Massimiliano , D’Amelio Marcello , Irani Sarosh R. , Costa Cinzia , Calabresi Paolo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveAutoantibody‐mediated forms of encephalitis (AE) include neurological disorders characterized by subacute memory loss, movement disorders, and, often, frequent, focal epileptic seizures. Yet, the electrophysiological effects of these autoantibodies on neuronal function have received little attention. In this study, we assessed the effects of CSF containing autoantibodies on intrinsic and extrinsic properties of hippocampal neurons, to define their epileptogenic potential.MethodsWe compared the effects of CSF containing leucine‐rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1), contactin‐associated protein‐like 2 (CASPR2), and γ‐aminobutyric acid receptor B (GABABR) antibodies on ex vivo electrophysiological parameters after stereotactic hippocampal inoculation into mice. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp and extracellular recordings from CA1 pyramidal neurons and CA3‐CA1 field recordings in ex vivo murine brain slices were used to study neuronal function.ResultsBy comparison to control CSF, AE CSFs increased the probability of glutamate release from CA3 neurons. In addition, LGI1‐ and CASPR2 antibodies containing CSFs induced epileptiform activity at a population level following Schaffer collateral stimulation. CASPR2 antibody containing CSF was also associated with higher spontaneous firing of CA1 pyramidal neurons. On the contrary, GABABR antibody containing CSF did not elicit changes in intrinsic neuronal activity and field potentials.InterpretationUsing patient CSF, we have demonstrated that the AE‐associated antibodies against LGI1 and CASPR2 are able to increase hippocampal CA1 neuron excitability, facilitating epileptiform activity. These findings provide in vivo pathogenic insights into neuronal dysfunction in these conditions.
Adaptive digital PID control of first‐order‐lag‐plus‐dead‐time dynamics with sensor, actuator, and feedback nonlinearities
Authors: Kamaldar Mohammadreza , Islam Syed Aseem Ul , Sanjeevini Sneha , Goel Ankit , Hoagg Jesse B. , Bernstein Dennis S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) control is one of the most widely used feedback control strategies because of its ability to follow step commands and reject constant disturbances with zero asymptotic error, as well as the ease of tuning. This paper presents an adaptive digital PID controller for sampled‐data systems with sensor, actuator, and feedback nonlinearities. The linear continuous‐time dynamics are assumed to be first‐order lag with dead time (ie, delay). The plant gain is assumed to have known sign but unknown magnitude, and the dead time is assumed to be unknown. The sensor and actuator nonlinearities are assumed to be monotonic, with known trend but are otherwise unknown, and the feedback nonlinearity is assumed to be monotonic, but is otherwise unknown. A numerical investigation is presented to support a simulation‐based conjecture, which concerns closed‐loop stability and performance. Numerical examples illustrate the effect of initialization on the rate of adaptation and investigate failure modes in cases where the assumptions of the simulation‐based conjecture are violated.
SnSe/MoS2 van der Waals Heterostructure Junction Field‐Effect Transistors with Nearly Ideal Subthreshold Slope
Authors: Guo Jian , Wang Laiyuan , Yu Yiwei , Wang Peiqi , Huang Yu , Duan Xiangfeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe minimization of the subthreshold swing (SS) in transistors is essential for low‐voltage operation and lower power consumption, both critical for mobile devices and internet of things (IoT) devices. The conventional metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor requires sophisticated dielectric engineering to achieve nearly ideal SS (60 mV dec−1 at room temperature). However, another type of transistor, the junction field‐effect transistor (JFET) is free of dielectric layer and can reach the theoretical SS limit without complicated dielectric engineering. The construction of a 2D SnSe/MoS2 van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure‐based JFET with nearly ideal SS is reported. It is shown that the SnSe/MoS2 vdW heterostructure exhibits excellent p–n diode rectifying characteristics with low saturate current. Using the SnSe as the gate and MoS2 as the channel, the SnSe/MoS2 vdW heterostructure exhibit well‐behavioured n‐channel JFET characteristics with a small pinch‐off voltage VP of −0.25 V, nearly ideal subthreshold swing SS of 60.3 mV dec−1 and high ON/OFF ratio over 106, demonstrating excellent electronic performance especially in the subthreshold regime.