bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Ou ni right-la pou remain silans’
Authors: Evans R. Sandra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Although in recent years researchers have intensified focus on the communication of the pre-trial right to silence or
police caution to native and non-native speakers of English, most of this research has been concerned with linguistic complexity,
comprehension, and comprehensibility issues. Relatively few studies have focused attention on the role played by the deliverer of the
caution in the communicative equation (Cotterill 2000), particularly in situations where the
caution has to be interpreted or translated by its deliverer. Drawing on a sociolinguistic variation approach, this study investigates the
communication of the police caution to creole speakers, who remain nearly invisible in the research to date. It uses the categories of
literal and free translation as tools to analyze spontaneous translations of the caution from English to French lexicon Creole (Kwéyòl)
produced by (n = 25) police officers in St. Lucia. The results show considerable variability in these translations, which
may have negative consequences for the accused. This study seeks to draw attention to these consequences, by underscoring some of the
inaccuracies that may occur in translating or interpreting a caution written in English to Kwéyòl, and make a case for policy that would use
the language of the accused in situations of language variation. The study argues that such a policy, which standardizes the Kwéyòl version
of the caution, would not only obviate the potential for variability, but would also minimize misunderstandings, which could compromise the
legal rights of the suspect.
Five decades of research on phytoplasma-induced witches’ broom diseases
Authors: Hemmati Chamran , Nikooei Mehrnoosh , Al-Sadi Abdullah Mohammed 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Phytoplasmas, prokaryotic wall-less microorganisms, are important pathogens of several plant species in most parts of the world. Phytoplasmas have been reported associated with various symptoms on hundreds of plant species. Witches’ broom disease (WBD) is one of the most common disease symptoms, which is caused by phytoplasma strains belonging to different phytoplasma groups. Symptoms of the disease differ from one host to the other as well as from one phytoplasma strain to the other. However, WBD symptoms are usually characterized by the production of a large number of small leaves, accompanied in some host plants by the production of several branches/shoots. Phytoplasma strains belonging to more than 13 groups and 39 subgroups have been reported associated with WBD in more than 116 plant species. Most of the phytoplasma strains causing WBD symptoms in plant species belong to the 16SrII and 16SrI groups, mainly 16SrII-D and 16SrI-B subgroups. The current review provides information on the different types of phytoplasma strains associated with WBD symptoms in ornamental plants, medicinal plants, forest trees, weeds, vegetable crops, field crops, and fruit trees. Emphasis is on WBD on acid limes, almonds, peanuts, jujube, and cassava that have resulted in significant economic losses in different countries. Description of the symptoms, phytoplasma groups, and management options is also provided for some of the diseases.
COVID-19 lockdown air quality change implications for solar energy generation over China
Authors: Choi Kelvin Tsz Hei , Brindley Helen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We exploit changes in air quality seen during the COVID-19 lockdown over China to show how a cleaner atmosphere has notable co-benefits for solar concentrator photovoltaic energy generation. We use satellite observations and analyses of the atmospheric state to simulate surface broadband and spectrally resolved direct normal irradiance (DNI). Over Wuhan, the first city placed under lockdown, we show how the atmospheric changes not only lead to a 19.8% increase in broadband DNI but also induce a significant blue-shift in the DNI spectrum. Feeding these changes into a solar cell simulator results in a 29.7% increase in the power output for a typical triple-junction photovoltaic cell, with around one-third of the increase arising from enhanced cell efficiency due to improved spectral matching. Our estimates imply that these increases in power and cell efficiency would have been realised over many parts of China during the lockdown period. This study thus demonstrates how a cleaner atmosphere may enable more efficient large scale solar energy generation. We conclude by setting our results in the context of future climate change mitigation and air pollution policies.
SolarEV City concept: building the next urban power and mobility systems
Authors: Kobashi T , Jittrapirom P , Yoshida T , Hirano Y , Yamagata Y 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cities have become the focus of global climate mitigation efforts because as they are responsible for 60%–70% of energy-related CO2 emissions. As the world is increasingly urbanized, it is crucial to identify cost-effective pathways to decarbonize and enhance the resilience of cities, which ensure the well-being of their dwellers. Here, we propose a ‘SolarEV City’ concept, in which integrated systems of cities’ roof-top photovoltaics and electric vehicles (EVs) supply affordable and dispatchable CO2-free electricity to urban dwellers. Our analyses indicate that implementations of the concept can meet 53%–95% of electricity demands in nine major Japanese urban areas by 2030. CO2 emission from vehicle use and electricity generation in these areas can be reduced by 54%–95% with potential cost savings of 26%–41%. High cost-effectiveness and seasonally stable insolation in low latitudes may imply that the concept may be more effective to decarbonize urban environments in emerging economies in low latitudes. Among several factors, governmental interventions will play a crucial role in realizing such systems, particularly in legislating regulations that enhance penetration of the integrated system of PV and EV and enable formation of decentralized power systems. As bottom-up processes are critical, policy makers, communities, industries, and researchers should work together to build such systems overcoming social and regulatory barriers.
Integrated nanolasers via complex engineering of radiationless states
Authors: Totero Gongora Juan S , Fratalocchi Andrea 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The development of compact and energy-efficient miniaturised lasers is a critical challenge in integrated non-linear photonics. Current research focuses on the integration of subwavelength all-dielectric lasers in CMOS compatible platforms. These systems provide a viable alternative to state-of-the-art nanoplasmonic sources, whose practicality is often hindered by high metal losses. The efficiency of dielectric nanolasers, however, is affected by the diffraction limit of light, which restricts the degree of localisation achievable with standard resonator modes. The recent development of new types of radiationless states has brought a sharp innovation in the field of subwavelength dielectric lasers. Radiationless states are exotic electromagnetic solutions that originate from the complex superposition and interaction of several resonator modes. They are associated with a high degree of near-field localisation which makes them particularly advantageous for non-linear photonics applications. In this work, we provide an overview of the most recent theoretical and experimental efforts toward the development of integrated lasers and ultrafast sources based on the amplification of exotic radiationless states. In particular, we focus our attention on two specific types of radiationless states: optical anapoles and Bound States in the Continuum (BIC). By discussing their differences and similarities, we provide a unifying view of these distinct research areas and outline possible future directions for these innovative platforms.
Characteristics of Fetal Extrachromosomal Circular DNA in Maternal Plasma: Methylation Status and Clearance
Authors: Sin Sarah T K , Ji Lu , Deng Jiaen , Jiang Peiyong , Cheng Suk Hang , Heung Macy M S , Lau Caitlyn S L , Leung Tak Y , Chan K C Allen , Chiu Rossa W K , Lo Y M Dennis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Although the characterization of cell-free extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) has gained much research interest, the methylation status of these molecules is yet to be elucidated. We set out to compare the methylation densities of plasma eccDNA of maternal and fetal origins, and between small and large molecules. The clearance of fetal eccDNA from maternal circulation was also investigated.

Methods
We developed a sequencing protocol for eccDNA methylation analysis using tagmentation and enzymatic conversion approaches. A restriction enzyme-based approach was applied to verify the tagmentation results. The efficiency of cell-free fetal eccDNA clearance was investigated by fetal eccDNA fraction evaluations at various postpartum time points.

Results
The methylation densities of fetal eccDNA (median: 56.3%; range: 40.5–67.6%) were lower than the maternal eccDNA (median: 66.7%; range: 56.5–75.7%) (P = 0.02, paired t-test). In addition, eccDNA molecules from the smaller peak cluster (180–230 bp) were of lower methylation levels than those from the larger peak cluster (300–450 bp). Both of these findings were confirmed using the restriction enzyme approach. We also observed comparable methylation densities between linear and eccDNA of both maternal and fetal origins. The average half-lives of fetal linear and eccDNA in the maternal blood were 30.2 and 29.7 min, respectively.

Conclusions
We found that fetal eccDNA in plasma was relatively hypomethylated compared to the maternal eccDNA. The methylation densities of eccDNA were positively correlated with their sizes. In addition, fetal eccDNA was found to be rapidly cleared from the maternal blood after delivery, similar to fetal linear DNA.
An analysis of perceptions and support for Windows 10 Home Edition update features
Authors: Morris Jason , Becker Ingolf , Parkin Simon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Home computer users are regularly advised to install software updates to stay secure. Windows 10 Home Edition automatically downloads and installs updates, restarting the computer if needed. Automatic restarts can be managed through a number of features, such as ‘active hours’ (within which a computer will not restart to complete an update) or by setting a time for restart. Applications active prior to a restart can register with the operating system, to automatically restart once updates have been installed. This research investigates if the features Microsoft provides for managing updates on Windows 10 Home Edition are appropriate for computer owners. We build a model of Windows 10 update behaviour, identifying interaction points between update features and users. We contrast theory with reality in a survey with 93 Windows 10 Home users, capturing experiences and perceptions. While overall perceptions of updates were positive, the pattern of use of most participants was incompatible with the default ‘active hours’ settings (28% of participants knew of its existence). Participants were mostly unaware of quality (bug fix) updates, mostly perceiving that updates add features. Half of our participants reported unexpected restarts, while half also reported growing concern about the state of their device if an update took a long time. Those with previous negative update experiences had weaker beliefs about their ability to control updates than those who had not. To make the updates less disruptive, applications can request to be restarted by Windows after a reboot. Of the 47 commonly used applications which were tested, only two supported seamless continuation after a restart. Unsaved data were lost in 21 applications, and 14 appeared to rely on internal autosave features to capture unsaved data, but did not completely restore User Interface arrangements. We recommend that operating systems obtain explicit permission for restarts, consistently; there are opportunities for features such as active hours and update progress displays to learn from usage activity. At the same time, applications should be more resilient to restarts to reduce the burden on users to recover their activities.
Efficient distributed network covert channels for Internet of things environments†
Authors: Cabaj Krzysztof , Żórawski Piotr , Nowakowski Piotr , Purski Maciej , Mazurczyk Wojciech 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEach day more and more Internet of Things (IoT) devices are being connected to the Internet. In general, their applications are diverse but from the security perspective, it is evident that they are increasingly targeted by cybercriminals and used for nefarious purposes. Network covert channels form a subgroup of the information-hiding research area where secrets are sent over communication networks embedded within the network traffic. Such techniques can be used, among others, by malware developers to enable confidential data exfiltration or stealth communications. Recently, distributed network covert channels have raised the attention of security professionals as they allow the cloaking of secret transmission by spreading the covert bits among many different types of data-hiding techniques. However, although there are many works dealing with IoT security, little effort so far has been devoted in determining how effective the covert channels threat can be in the IoT henvironments. That is why, in this article, we present an extensive analysis on how distributed network covert channels that utilize network traffic from IoT devices can be used to perform efficient secret communication. More importantly, we do not focus on developing novel data-hiding techniques but, instead, considering the nature of IoT traffic, we investigate how to combine existing covert channels so the resulting data transfer is less visible. Moreover, as another contribution of our work, we prepare and share with the community the network traffic dataset that can be used to develop effective countermeasures against such threats.
Organoid-based Models to Study the Role of Host-microbiota Interactions in IBD
Authors: Poletti Martina , Arnauts Kaline , Ferrante Marc , Korcsmaros Tamas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe gut microbiota appears to play a central role in health, and alterations in the gut microbiota are observed in both forms of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], namely Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Yet, the mechanisms behind host-microbiota interactions in IBD, especially at the intestinal epithelial cell level, are not yet fully understood. Dissecting the role of host-microbiota interactions in disease onset and progression is pivotal, and requires representative models mimicking the gastrointestinal ecosystem, including the intestinal epithelium, the gut microbiota, and immune cells. New advancements in organoid microfluidics technology are facilitating the study of IBD-related microbial-epithelial cross-talk, and the discovery of novel microbial therapies. Here, we review different organoid-based ex vivo models that are currently available, and benchmark their suitability and limitations for specific research questions. Organoid applications, such as patient-derived organoid biobanks for microbial screening and ’omics technologies, are discussed, highlighting their potential to gain better mechanistic insights into disease mechanisms and eventually allow personalised medicine.
Delayed Valsalva obstruction after transcatheter self-expandable aortic valve implantation: a case report
Authors: Ohya Masanobu , Fuku Yasushi , Shimamoto Takeshi , Kadota Kazushige 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Delayed coronary obstruction after transcatheter aortic valve implantation has been reported to occur more commonly after self-expandable aortic valve implantation than balloon-expandable valve.

Case summary
An 86-year-old woman treated by transcatheter self-expandable aortic valve implantation had acute coronary syndrome 3 months after the procedure. Emergent coronary angiography showed decreased blood flow in the left coronary artery. Balloon angioplasty between the valve frame and the left coronary cusp was performed, and her ischaemia resolved. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a commissural post of the supra-annular valve overlying the left coronary cusp, and serial computed tomography showed the valve frame expanding over time. She received coronary bypass grafting using saphenous vein grafts for the left anterior descending and left circumflex arteries. Four months after surgery for the left anterior descending artery, the patient had recurrent chest pain, and computed tomography showed a graft occlusion in the left anterior descending artery. Shortly afterwards, she died of sudden cardiac arrest.

Discussion
In this report, we describe delayed Valsalva obstruction after transcatheter self-expandable aortic valve implantation, which can be detectable by serial computed tomography. The sealing of a coronary cusp by a commissural post of the valve may be one of the causes of delayed coronary ischaemia after transcatheter self-expandable aortic valve implantation.
Systemic thrombolysis and anticoagulation improved biomarker measurements in massive-like pulmonary embolism and severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a case report
Authors: Betancourt-del Campo Hector , Jerjes-Sanchez Carlos , Castillo-Perez Mauricio , López-de la Garza Hector , Paredes-Vázquez José Gildardo , Flores-Sayavedra Yoezer Z , Moreno-Abril Hoyos Francisco , Ibarra-Flores Marcos 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
From asymptomatic patients to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, COVID-19 has a wide range of clinical presentations, and venous thromboembolism has emerged as a critical and frequent complication.

Case summary
We present a case of a 69-year-old man with a clinical presentation of massive-like pulmonary embolism (PE) overlapping with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The diagnosis was made based on hypotension, severe oxygen desaturation (33%), and right ventricular dysfunction (RVD). We used alteplase and low-molecular-weight heparin, obtaining immediate clinical improvement. Also, we identified an extremely elevated D-dimer (31.2 mcg/mL), and computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) revealed an unexpected low thrombus burden and a crazy-paving pattern. Considering this, we decided to discontinue the alteplase. Therefore, the mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension and RVD could be multifactorial. Despite the patient’s respiratory status worsening and ongoing mechanical ventilation, biomarkers kept lowering to normal ranges. It appears a favourable outcome was related to early PE diagnosis and a multimodal therapeutic approach.

Discussion
Physicians in the ER should be warned about extremely high D-dimer measurements and severe oxygen desaturation as possible markers of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with high-clinical suspicion of PE. Although ESC guidelines recommend immediate reperfusion in cardiogenic shock secondary to PE, we suggest initial CTPA in patients with high-clinical suspicion of severe COVID-19.
Too much of a good thing: a case report of traumatic drop attacks and syncope due to orthostatic hypertension
Authors: von Bartheld Martin B , Duffels Mariëlle G J , Handoko M Louis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Orthostatic hypertension (OHT) is the clinical opposite to orthostatic hypotension and is an under-recognized and poorly understood clinical phenomenon. Patients may experience disabling symptoms such as dizziness, chest pain, and shortness of breath. In addition, OHT is associated with important clinical outcomes such as silent cerebral infarcts and cognitive decline.

Case summary
We present the case of a 67-year-old female who experienced frequent drop attacks with and without transient loss of consciousness causing various injuries. A range of standard diagnostic procedures did not yield an explanation for her symptoms but head-up tilt (HUT) testing showed OHT and induced most of her symptoms. Upon initiation of doxazosin, an alpha-blocking drug, she was free of symptoms and blood pressure response was normal on the repeat HUT test.

Discussion
To our knowledge, this is the first report of syncope due to OHT. Orthostatic hypertension is a heterogeneous condition and may occur in young, otherwise healthy individuals but also in older patients with cardiovascular comorbidities. It is thought that symptoms occur because of excessive venous pooling (causing a drop in cardiac output) or adrenergic hypersensitivity (resulting in cerebral vasoconstriction or acute rise in cardiac afterload). Since our patient had a marked response to an alpha-blocking agent, we think baroreflex hypersensitivity is the most likely cause of her complaints. Though syncope is probably rare, OHT should be regarded as a possible explanation of orthostatic symptoms.
Late onset apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a case report
Authors: Doeblin Patrick , Gebker Rolf , Pieske Burkert , Kelle Sebastian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy provides diagnostic challenges through varying presentation, impaired visualization on echocardiography and dissent on diagnostic criteria. While hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in general requires an absolute wall thickness ≥15 mm, a threshold for relative apical hypertrophy (ratio 1.5) has been proposed.

Case summary
We report the case of a 57-year-old man with newly arisen chest pain and slight T-wave inversions. Serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging over 9 years documented the gradual evolvement of late-onset apical hypertrophy with apical fibrosis and strain abnormalities. Symptoms, electrocardiographic changes, and relative apical hypertrophy preceded the traditional imaging criteria of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Discussion
Relative apical hypertrophy can be an early manifestation of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Persistent cardiac signs and symptoms warrant a follow-up, as apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can evolve over time. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging readily visualizes apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and associated changes in tissue composition and function.