bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated multi-parameter high-dose-rate brachytherapy quality assurance via radioluminescence imaging
Authors: Jia Mengyu , Kim Tae Jin , Yang Yong , Xing Lei , Jean Paul De , Grafil Elliot , Jenkins Cesare H , Fahimian Benjamin P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to leverage radioluminescence imaging for the development of an automated high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy quality assurance (QA) system that enables simultaneous measurements of dwell position, dwell time, wire velocity, and relative source strength in a single test. The system consists of a radioluminescence phosphor sheet (a mixture of Gd2O2S:Tb and PDMS) positioned atop a HDR needle applicator, a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor digital camera used to capture the emitted radioluminescence signals from the scintillator sheet, and an in-house graphical user interface for signal processing. The signal processing was used to extract source intensity, location, and elapsed time, yielding the final measurements on dwell position, dwell time, and wire velocity. The source strength relative to the well chamber calibration (in unit of Air-Kerma strength, Sk
) is measured by establishing a calibration curve that correlates Sk
with the detector response. Validation experiments are performed using three customized treatment plans. With these plans, the dwell position and dwell time are verified for a range of 110.0 cm–117.5 cm and 2 s–16 s, respectively, and the linear correlation with Sk
is demonstrated for the source strength varying between 28 348 U (cGy cm2 h−1) and 41 906 U. The wire velocity, i.e. the speed of the radioactive source averaged over the distance in between dwell positions, is calculated for various distances ranging from 5 mm to 50 mm. Results show that the mean deviations of the measured dwell position and dwell time are 0.1 mm (range from 0 to 0.2 mm) and 32.5 ms (range from 0 to 60.0 ms) with respect to the planned values, respectively, and the system response is highly linear with Sk
( R2 = 0.998). Moreover, the measured wire velocities are comparable to previously reported values. Benefitting from the compact hardware design and image processing algorithms, the system provides a practical, reliable, and comprehensive solution for HDR QA.
Mechanically tunable ultrasonic metamaterial lens with a subwavelength resolution at long working distances for bioimaging
Authors: Yang Teng , Jin Yuqi , Choi Tae-Youl , Dahotre Narendra , Neogi Arup 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, a novel acoustic doublet meta-material lens has been designed and tested to demonstrate both a far-field focal point and ultra-long collimation characteristics past the Fresnel zone. The switching of the two behaviors can be adjusted by a simple linear mechanical translation of one of the lens units. The doublet lens can focus the sound wave beyond 38λ away from the experiment’s lens, which is farther than any existing ultrasonic transducer or meta-lenses lenses. In terms of collimating behavior, the doublet lens is a unique metamaterial lens that experimentally demonstrates a long and narrow collimating beam over 70λ. Besides the design and characterization, the meta-lens have been used to detect real objects, including inorganic and organic matter. A subwavelength spatial resolution has been demonstrated. The detection limit was 0.26λ in the monostatic setup and 0.62λ in a bistatic experimental setup. This lens demonstrates super-resolution detection capabilities at distances of 42λ and can enable ultrasonic diagnostics deep within a material or a biological tissue. The experimental performance of the doublet meta-material lens illustrated its potential to apply acoustic metamaterial elements in a practical imaging application, including the detection of biological tissues
Graph-theoretic approach to dimension witnessing
Authors: Ray Maharshi , Boddu Naresh Goud , Bharti Kishor , Kwek Leong-Chuan , Cabello Adán 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A fundamental problem in quantum computation and quantum information is finding the minimum quantum dimension needed for a task. For tasks involving state preparation and measurements, this problem can be addressed using only the input–output correlations. This has been applied to Bell, prepare-and-measure, and Kochen–Specker contextuality scenarios. Here, we introduce a novel approach to quantum dimension witnessing for scenarios with one preparation and several measurements, which uses the graphs of mutual exclusivity between sets of measurement events. We present the concepts and tools needed for graph-theoretic quantum dimension witnessing and illustrate their use by identifying novel quantum dimension witnesses, including a family that can certify arbitrarily high quantum dimensions with few events.
Adsorption geometry and electronic structure of a charge-transfer-complex: TTF-PYZ2 on Ag(110)
Authors: Kretz Patrick , Waltar Kay , Geng Yan , Metzger Christian , Graus Martin , Schöll Achim , Reinert Friedrich , Liu Shi-Xia , Decurtins Silvio , Hengsberger Matthias , Osterwalder Jürg , Castiglioni Luca 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study electronic properties and adsorption geometries of the molecular charge-transfer-complex tetrathiafulvalene-dipyrazine on Ag(110). Using a combination of angle-resolved photoemission and electron diffraction, supported by DFT-based simulations, renders a comprehensive picture of this interesting system. We find low interaction between the substrate and the molecule and thus little changes of the molecular geometry upon adsorption, as compared to the free gas phase molecule. Five electronic valence states can be unambiguously assigned owing to their distinctive photoemission patterns. The molecules adsorb aligned with the Ag rows in the first layer, while they are slightly rotated in the second layer. Additional intensity of the molecular photoemission signal near the Fermi energy indicates partial charge-transfer into formerly unoccupied states, most likely of intermolecular origin.
Stability analysis of the uniform motion of electrodynamic bodies
Authors: López Álvaro G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We show that when an electrodynamic body is perturbed from a state of uniform motion, it starts to perform fast oscillations, irrespective of the frequency of the perturbation. It has been demonstrated in previous works that the state of uniform motion can be Lyapunov unstable for particles having a prolate geometry with respect to the direction of motion. Here we show that the limit cycle oscillations are destabilized through a Hopf bifurcation as the geometry of the electrodynamic body gradually switches from prolate to oblate. The resulting symmetry breaking of the Lorentz group implies that the principle of inertia only holds on average, suggesting that the default state of matter is not uniform motion, but self-oscillation as well. We propose that the excitability of electrodynamic bodies under external perturbations is at the basis of the wave-particle duality and its related quantum effects.
Theoretical modelling of competitive microbial range expansion with heterogeneous mechanical interactions
Authors: Maikranz E , Santen L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Microbial range expansion experiments provide insight into the complex link between dynamic structure, pattern formation and evolutionary dynamics of growing populations. In this work, we develop a theoretical model in order to investigate the interplay of growth statistics and mechanical interactions which are implemented as division driven pushing and swapping of cells. For the case of the competitive growth of a strongly and a weakly interacting strain we investigate the influence of different mean division times, as well as different mechanical interactions on the development of the colony. Our results show that the susceptibility to cell division induced pushing has a much stronger influence on the structure of the colony than cell sorting towards the colony’s perimeter. Motivated by microbial range expansion experiments of Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria, we also consider the influence of mutating cells on the structure of the colony. We show that the outgrowth of the three different strains is strongly influenced by the relative strengths of their mechanical interaction. The experimentally observed patterns are reproduced for mechanical interactions of the mutants, which range between those of the strongly and weakly interacting strain.
Dynamics of weak-magnetic-shear-sustained internal transport barrier during supersonic molecular-beam injection in JT-60U
Authors: Kin F. , Yoshida M. , Takenaga H. , Honda M. , Tamura N. , Narita E. , Kamiya K. , Bando T. , Wakatsuki T. , Isayama A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The characteristics of ion heat transport inside the internal transport barrier (ITB), which is sustained by weak magnetic shear, are investigated using a cold pulse induced by supersonic molecular-beam injection (SMBI) in JT-60U. It is known that cold-pulse propagation in ITBs usually significantly reduces the temperature and degrades the temperature gradient. When subsequent SMBIs are launched before the temperature has recovered, it is observed that the temperature gradient of the ITB is not monotonically decreased but alternately decreased and increased. Alternating decreasing and increasing phases of the ITB temperature gradient continue for about 1 s (∼6τ
E), and the properties of the cold-pulse propagation and the flux-gradient relations differ according to the phase. The usual transient transport analysis is also provided by inducing a cold pulse in stationary ITBs. A rapid reduction and recovery of the temperature is observed inside the ITBs, and it is found that the ion-heat flux changes without a variation in the local ion-temperature gradient or a change to the other observable local parameters. The flux-gradient relations exhibit significant hysteresis in two ITB cases: (i) ITBs with strong electron-density gradients and (ii) ITBs with weak ion-temperature gradients. In addition, the range in which hysteresis appears is most likely to depend on the width of the ITB.
Application of ZnO/CNT@Fe3O4 nanocomposite in amplifying the anti-leukemic effects of Imatinib: a novel strategy to adjuvant therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Yousefi Amir-Mohammad , Safaroghli-Azar Ava , Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi Atieh , Fakhroueian Zahra , Momeny Majid , Bashash Davood 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the therapeutic protocols of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was a revolution in the treatment strategies that guaranteed the achievement of complete remission for patients. However, due to different mutations bypassing the efficacy of Imatinib, novel and more effective treatments are indeed required for the treatment of CML. Our study declared that the combination of synthesized ZnO/CNT@Fe3O4 nanocomposite with Imatinib decreased survival of CML-derived K562 cells, probably through inducing reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis. We also found improved cytotoxicity in the presence of a well known autophagy inhibitor, indicating that the apoptotic effect of this treatment is enhanced via autophagy suppression. Investigating the molecular mechanisms for the growth-suppressive effect of ZnO/CNT@Fe3O4-plus-Imatinib suggested that up-regulation of SIRT1 ceased cell cycle progression by increasing the expression of p21 and p27 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Notably, we reported here for the first time that either direct or indirect suppression of c-Myc results in enhanced anti-leukemic efficacy, suggesting that overexpression of c-Myc plays a contributory role in attenuating the efficacy of ZnO/CNT@Fe3O4—Imatinib in K562 cells. Given the promising effect of ZnO/CNT@Fe3O4 in potentiating the anti-cancer effects of Imatinib in K562 cells, our study suggested that nanocomposite could be used as a tool for combined-strategy treatment. However, further in vivo experiments are needed to provide clues for the safety and efficacy of this nanocomposite.
The boundary density profile of a Coulomb droplet. Freezing at the edge
Authors: Cardoso Gabriel , Stéphan Jean-Marie , Abanov Alexander G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We revisit the problem of computing the boundary density profile of a droplet of two-dimensional one-component plasma (2D OCP) with logarithmic interaction between particles in a confining harmonic potential. At a sufficiently low temperature, but still in the liquid phase, the density exhibits oscillations as a function of the distance to the boundary of the droplet. We obtain the density profile numerically using Monte-Carlo simulations of the 2D OCP. We argue that the decay and period of those oscillations can be explained within a picture of the Wigner crystallization near the boundary, where the crystal is gradually melted with the increasing distance to the boundary.
Synthesis of gold nanoparticles using novel Eucalyptus tereticornis and their in-vitro antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer studies
Authors: M S Kiran , Betageri Virupaxappa S , C R Rajith Kumar , S P Vinay , M S Latha 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Development of biologically inspired experimental procedures for synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is an important branch of nanotechnology. Synthesis of NPs which are nontoxic, eco-friendly, inexpensive and having potential medicinal properties is challenging. In present study, gold NPs were produced from Eucalyptus tereticornis leaf extract (Et-AuNPs). The Et-AuNPs were confirmed using UV–Vis absorption study which shows surface plasmon resonance peak at 569 nm. Various characteristics of Et-AuNPs were demonstrated by characterisation techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy. It is found that prepared Et-AuNPs are well dispersed and spherical in shape. Significant anticancer effect on MCF-7 cell lines was observed in dose-dependent manner having IC50 value of 52.0 μg ml−1. Further antibacterial studies were carried out by disc-diffusion method, which revealed potential antibacterial activity of Et-AuNPs against pathogenic bacterial strains. Et-AuNPs also exhibited promising free radical scavenging efficiency performed by DPPH assay with IC50 values of 62.6 μg ml−1. The results suggest that green synthesised AuNPs can be exploited for clinical as well as pharmaceutical activities using nanomedicine approach in near future.
Erosion corrosion of Ti and Zr in acidic metastannic acid synthesis
Authors: Li Zulai , Wu Lei , Ge Ru , Zhang Fei , Shan Quan , Huang Yinghong , Su Ruichun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In synthesis of metastannic acid, erosion corrosion caused by strong acid and abrasion triggered by stannum granular both create a complex circumstance for reactor. Titanium and zirconium, as the major choices for fabricating the reactor, sustained the combined impact of corrosion and abrasion in the circumstance. While there are very few researches, focusing on the erosion corrosion of the reactor, in the synthesis of metastannic acid. The erosion corrosion behaviors of commercial reactor materials Ti (TA2) and Zr (Zr-1) were investigated in the acidic conditions (20 vol% H2SO4 or 20 vol% HNO3 solutions) according to the complex circumstance. Therefore the wear and corrosion properties were tested by weight loss method and electrochemical method separately, the corrosion situation, such as open circuit potential (OCP) and Tafel plot, of Ti and Zr were tested, the mass loss caused by corrosion and wear were quantitatively, and the surface morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Moreover the corrosion abrasion situation, OCP, Tafel plot, mass loss and surface morphology, had been investigated using self-made corrosion abrasion testing device too. The results showed that in the solution of 20 vol% HNO3, the corrosion rate of Zr increased by 120 times when the solution was heated to 200 °C under corrosion condition, and the corrosion rate of Ti increased by 8 times, indicating that the corrosion resistance of Zr is easier affected by temperature, the corrosion resistance of Zr is better than Ti. Under abrasion condition, using abrasion quartz sand particles as abrasion material, the mass loss rate of Ti and Zr was 159.23 mg/(m2·h) and 252.23 mg/(m2·h). Under erosion corrosion condition, the synergistic effect of erosion corrosion of Ti and Zr exacerbated the mass loss, their mass loss rate respectively was 788.05 mg/(m2·h) and 225.4 mg/(m2·h) especially in Ti-H2SO4 and Zr-HNO3 systems. A dense oxide layer detected on the surface of Ti and Zr, could improve the corrosion resistance, but it was easy to fatigue and peel off when there was abrasion material in the solution. A erosion corrosion model of Ti and Zr were established for serve life prediction, which could provide theoretical guidance for the design of reaction in production of metastannic acid.
Highly sensitive ethanol sensor based on Ce-doped WO3 with raspberry-like architecture
Authors: Diao Quan , Yin Yuna , Jia Wanshun , Xu Xiumei , Ding Yi , Zhang Xiaomei , Cao Jian , Yang Kai , Jiao Mingli 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This work reported a highly sensitive ethanol sensor assembled from raspberry-like hierarchical Ce-doped WO3 nanoparticles. The Ce-doped WO3 nanoparticles doped with different contents (0, 2, 4 and 8 at%) of Ce were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The crystalline structure and the micromorphology of Ce-doped WO3 nanoparticles were measured by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. The x-ray photoelectric spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) attached with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the elemental distribution and the chemical state of surface elements. Comparison between the pristine and Ce-doped WO3 samples revealed that the doping of Ce on WO3 can powerfully improve the response ability to ethanol. As the doping content of Ce element was 4 at%, the sensor exhibited optimal response to ethanol in the range of 0.1–50 ppm at the working temperature of 350 °C. The response can achieve a high value of 12.3 for detecting 1 ppm ethanol with a fast response/recovery (6s/6s). Impressively, the sensor still maintained a good response (8.1) to ethanol even at sub-ppm level (0.1 ppm ethanol). This work will pave a platform for design and development of highly sensitive ethanol sensors.
State-Level Structural Stigma and Smoking Among Sexual Minority Adults in the USA, 2012–2014
Authors: Titus Andrea R , Gamarel Kristi E , Thrasher James F , Meza Rafael , Fleischer Nancy L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Exposure to structural stigma (i.e., societal norms and policies that constrain access to resources) may help explain poor health outcomes among sexual minority (SM) individuals in the USA.

Purpose
We examined the relationship between structural stigma and smoking prevalence among U.S. SM and heterosexual adults.

Methods
We adapted an index to capture multiple state-level structural stigma indicators, including attitudes toward same-sex marriage; the geographical density of same-sex couples; and state-level policies toward SMs. The outcome variable was current smoking, derived from the National Adult Tobacco Survey (2012–2014). Poisson regression models stratified by SM status were used to assess the relationship between structural stigma and the prevalence ratio (PR) of current smoking. We included a squared term for stigma to explore nonlinear relationships between stigma and smoking. Interaction terms were used to examine effect modification by sex.

Results
Adjusted models suggested a curvilinear PR relationship between stigma and smoking for both SM (linear PR = 1.03 [0.97–1.08]; quadratic PR = 0.98 [0.97–1.00]) and heterosexual (linear PR = 1.00 [0.99–1.02]; quadratic PR = 0.99 [0.988–0.995]) adults. The quadratic term was significant (p &lt; .05) for both SM and heterosexual respondents, however, the change in probability of smoking associated with structural stigma was more pronounced among SM individuals. Specifically, the highest and lowest exposures to stigma were associated with the lowest probabilities of smoking. There was no apparent effect modification by sex.

Conclusions
Findings lend support to addressing SM structural stigma as a driver of smoking, particularly among SM adults.
A Preliminary Investigation of the Underlying Mechanism Associating Daily Sleep Continuity Disturbance and Prescription Opioid Use Among Individuals With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Mun Chung Jung , Finan Patrick H , Smith Michael T , Carroll C Patrick , Smyth Joshua M , Lanzkron Sophie M , Haythornthwaite Jennifer A , Campbell Claudia M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
There are emerging data indicating that sleep disturbance may be linked with an increase in opioid use. The majority of sickle cell disease (SCD) patients experience sleep disturbances, which can elevate pain severity and pain catastrophizing, both of which are important predictors of opioid consumption.

Purpose
We conducted a preliminary investigation on the association between previous night sleep disturbance and short-acting opioid use, as well as the potential mediating roles of pain severity and pain catastrophizing. Because sex is associated with sleep disturbance, pain-related experiences, and opioid use, we also explored the potential moderating role of sex.

Methods
Participants were 45 SCD patients who were prescribed opioids. For 3 months, sleep diaries were collected immediately upon participants’ awakening. Daily pain severity, pain catastrophizing, and prescription opioid use measures were collected before bedtime.

Results
Multilevel structural equation modeling revealed that wake time after sleep onset (WASO) during the previous night (Time 1) predicted greater short-acting opioid use during the next day (Time 2). Pain severity and pain catastrophizing measured during the next day (Time 2) also mediated the association between the two. Sex moderation analysis showed that the positive association between WASO and pain severity was largely driven by women.

Conclusion
These findings provide some preliminary evidence as to the mechanism linking sleep continuity disturbance and opioid requirement in SCD patients. Future studies should replicate and extend these findings with clearer temporal information and employing more refined measures of sleep continuity and prescription opioid use in a larger sample.