bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment and characterization of a cold‐sensitive neural cell line from the brain of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Long Yong , Liu Ran , Song Guili , Li Qing , Cui Zongbin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aquaculture of tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) is adversely affected by the sensitivity to cold stress. A large number of genes in tilapia were found to be regulated by cold stress, but their functions and mechanisms in cold tolerance remain largely unknown, partially due to the lack of a suitable in vitro model. An immortal neural cell line designated as tilapia brain neural (TBN) was established from brain tissue of the genetically improved farmed tilapia strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The TBN cells show a neuron‐like morphology at low density and form a fibroblast‐like monolayer at high density. Transcriptome profiling through RNA‐sequencing revealed that a total of 15,011 genes were expressed in the TBN cells. The TBN cells express a wide array of marker genes for neural cells. A comparative analysis of the featured genes among the 17 cell clusters isolated from the subventricular zone of mouse brain revealed the highest transcriptome similarity between the TBN cells and the transient amplifying progenitors (TAPs). The TBN cells tolerate relatively high culture temperatures, and the highest growth rate was observed for the cells cultured at 32°C compared with those at 30°C, 28°C and 26°C. Nonetheless, this cell line is cold sensitive. Exposure of the cells to 16°C or lower temperatures significantly decreased cell confluences and induced apoptosis. The TBN cells were more sensitive to cold stress than the ZF4 cells (embryonic zebrafish fibroblasts). Moreover, the TBN cells can be efficiently transfected through electroporation. This study provides an invaluable research tool to understand the nature of cold sensitivity of tilapia and to dissect the function and mechanism of genes in regulating cold tolerance of fish.
The association of mode of location activity and mobility with acute coronary syndrome: a nationwide ecological study
Authors: Mohammad M. A. , Koul S. , Gale C. P. , Alfredsson J. , James S. , Fröbert O. , Omerovic E. , Erlinge D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to study the effect of social containment mandates on ACS presentation during COVID‐19 pandemic using location activity and mobility data from mobile phone map services.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study using data from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR) including all ACS presentations during the pandemic until 7 May 2020. Using a count regression model, we adjusted for day of the week, daily weather and incidence of COVID‐19.ResultsA 10% increase in activity around areas of residence was associated with 38% lower rates of ACS hospitalizations, whereas increased activity relating to retail and recreation, grocery stores and pharmacies, workplaces and mode of mobility was associated with 10‐20% higher rates of ACS hospitalizations.ConclusionGovernment policy regarding social containment mandates has important public health implications for medical emergencies such as ACS and may explain the decline in ACS presentations observed during COVID‐19 pandemic.
Current and emerging disease‐modulatory therapies and treatment targets for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Piehl F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common chronic inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), continues to transform. In recent years, a number of novel and increasingly effective disease‐modulatory therapies (DMTs) have been approved, including oral fumarates and selective sphingosine 1‐phosphate modulators, as well as cell‐depleting therapies such as cladribine, anti‐CD20 and anti‐CD52 monoclonals. Amongst DMTs in clinical development, inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase represent an entirely new emerging drug class in MS, with three different drugs entering phase III trials. However, important remaining fields of improvement comprise tracking of long‐term benefit‐risk with existing DMTs and exploration of novel treatment targets relating to brain inherent disease processes underlying the progressive neurodegenerative aspect of MS, which accumulating evidence suggests start already early in the disease process. The aim here is to review current therapeutic options in relation to an improved understanding of the immunopathogenesis of MS, also highlighting examples where controlled trials have not generated the desired results. An additional aim is to review emerging therapies undergoing clinical development, including agents that interfere with disease processes believed to be important for neurodegeneration or aiming to enhance reparative responses. Notably, early trials now have shown initial evidence of enhanced remyelination both with small molecule compounds and biologicals. Finally, accumulating evidence from clinical trials and post‐marketing real‐world patient populations, which underscore the importance of early high effective therapy whilst maintaining acceptable tolerability, is discussed.
Tuberculosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus–a 37‐year longitudinal survey‐based study
Authors: Xiao X. , Da G. , Xie X. , Liu X. , Zhang L. , Zhou B. , Li H. , Li P. , Yang H. , Chen H. , Fei Y. , Tsokos G. C. , Zhao L. , Zhang X. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundInfections are one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE patients have a higher risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection due to impaired immune defence.ObjectivesTo investigate the demographics, clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with SLE and concomitant TB.MethodsMedical records of SLE patients with TB who were admitted to Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital in 1983–2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Age‐ and sex‐matched SLE inpatients without TB were randomly selected as controls. Clinical and laboratory features and treatment were analysed and compared, and subjects were followed up to assess their outcome.ResultsOf the 10 469 SLE inpatients, 249 (2.4%) were diagnosed with TB. Compared with controls, SLE/TB + patients exhibited higher frequency of prior haematologic, mucocutaneous and musculoskeletal system involvement, and prior treatment with potent glucocorticoid/immunosuppressive agents (GC/ISA). Arthritis and alopecia, positive T‐SPOT.TB test and lymphocytopenia were more common in SLE/TB + patients. SLE/TB + patients with lupus before TB (SLE → TB) had higher risk of miliary TB (22.8%) and intracranial TB (16.5%) than SLE/TB + patients with lupus after TB (TB → SLE). SLE/TB + patients exhibited shorter long‐term survival than SLE/TB‐ patients; those with poorer in‐hospital outcomes had more severe lymphocytopenia and had received less treatment with ISAs.ConclusionSystemic lupus erythematosus patients treated vigorously with GC/ISA should be alerted of increased risk of TB infection, especially miliary and intracranial TB. Positive T‐SPOT.TB and lymphocytopenia served as discriminatory variables between SLE/TB + and SLE/TB‐ patients. Lymphocytopenia was associated with poorer outcomes in SLE/TB + patients.
Relapse prevention in ambulant mental health care tailored to patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder
Authors: Johansen Kirsten Kjær , Hounsgaard Lise , Frandsen Tove Faber , Fluttert Frans A. J. , Hansen Jens Peter 
Published: December 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is already known on the subject?Understanding the need for psychoeducation and management strategies in relapse prevention, for individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.Interventions for individuals with severe mental illness, especially schizophrenia, often requires support from family or social network to successfully improve mental stability in the life of the mentally ill.What the paper adds to existing knowledge?To our knowledge, no previous review has provided an overview of state of the art intervention elements currently used in ambulant mental health care interventions and how these elements are combined in interventions tailored to individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Moreover, this systematic review indicates the effect of the different intervention elements.This review reveals an apparent gab in knowledge regarding patient perceptions of and need for individualized relapse prevention interventions.What are the implications for practice?The review is a relevant tool for stakeholders and practitioners in community mental health service when planning future interventions. Considering the specific needs for intervention complexity of the target group is likely to improve not only treatment outcome, but also patient satisfaction and treatment adherence.AbstractIntroductionIn recent years, there has been a development in ambulant mental health care towards a more preventive approach, resulting in relapse prevention interventions. Interventions may be patient tailored, to a greater or lesser extent, in relation to the treatment elements included.AimTo create an overview of non‐pharmacological intervention elements described in relapse prevention interventions for patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder based on a systematic review.MethodSix scientific databases were systematically searched. The search strategy, identification and selection of literature complied with the PRISMA statement.ResultsOf 7.429 studies screened, 25 were included for analysis. Six treatment elements were identified: Pharmacological treatment, personalized action plan, patient education, patient skills, treatment adherence and family involvement.DiscussionThe varying degree of complexity of the interventions indicates that patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia have, respectively, different treatment needs. Patients with schizophrenia seem to benefit more from interventions that include support from social network or family than patients with bipolar disorder. More qualitative studies clarifying the patient's perspective on tailored relapse prevention are indicated.Implications for practiceOptimally tailoring relapse prevention for patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder will improve treatment outcome, and probably also treatment satisfaction and adherence.
Gender moderates the relationship between media use and sleep quality
Authors: McManus Benjamin , Underhill Andrea , Mrug Sylvie , Anthony Thomas , Stavrinos Despina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith high screen time and poor sleep commonly reported in adolescents, it is important to more fully understand how screen time impacts sleep. Despite similar overall screen times, male and female media preferences and usages differ, making it critical to determine if different domains of screen time differentially affect sleep quality. The present study examined whether differing amounts and domains of screen‐based media vary in impact on sleep quality of 16‐year‐old male and female adolescents over a 3‐month period. A total of 98 adolescents (mean [SD] age 16.27 [0.29] years; 51% female) completed two online surveys spaced 3 months apart and comprised of well‐validated self‐reported measures of sleep quality, media usage, and depressive symptoms. The various domains of media were categorised into screen‐based media with little‐to‐no peer‐to‐peer interaction involved (video‐only) and screen‐based media with interaction a predominant component to the usage (peer‐to‐peer interaction‐involved). Self‐reported sleep quality decreased across the 3‐month study period. Gender moderated the effect of interactive screen time on sleep quality 3 months later, with interactive screen time associated with better sleep quality in males, but remaining poorer in females. Screen time competes with sleep time and may do so differentially depending on the media domain. Compared to females, interactive components of screen time may lessen worsening sleep quality over time in males. Understanding the relationships among screen time, its content, age, and gender may inform guidelines for educators, parents, and adolescents to help improve sleep quality of adolescents.
The Immigrant‐Native Gap in Union Membership: A Question of Time, Sorting, or Culture?
Authors: Cools Sara , Finseraas Henning , Bergli Rasmussen Magnus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTrade union membership is an indicator of social integration. In this paper, we study the gap in unionization rates between immigrants and natives using high‐quality population‐wide administrative data from Norway. We document that the average unionization rate among immigrants increases strongly with time since arrival, but it never catches up fully with that of natives. Variables describing labour market sorting explain well above half of the gap, mainly because immigrants tend to be employed in firms and industries with lower levels of unionization. There are significant differences in immigrants' unionization by their country of origin, but these differences are also largely accounted for by background characteristics and labour market sorting — and they do not extend to the second generation. We conclude that existing research, which has mainly relied on survey data, has understated the importance of labour market sorting for immigrants' low unionization rates.
Soil nitrogen dynamics and competition during plant invasion: insights from Mikania micrantha invasions in China
Authors: Yu Hanxia , Le Roux Johannes J. , Jiang Zhaoyang , Sun Feng , Peng Changlian , Li Weihua 
Published: December 2020

Summary

Invasive plants often change a/biotic soil conditions to increase their competitiveness. We compared the microbially mediated soil nitrogen (N) cycle of invasive Mikania micrantha and two co‐occurring native competitors, Persicaria chinensis and Paederia scandens.

We assessed how differences in plant tissue N content, soil nutrients, N cycling rates, microbial biomass and activity, and diversity and abundance of N‐cycling microbes associated with these species impact their competitiveness.

Mikania micrantha outcompeted both native species by transferring more N to plant tissue (37.9–55.8% more than natives). We found total soil N to be at lowest, and available N highest, in M. micrantha rhizospheres, suggesting higher N cycling rates compared with both natives. Higher microbial biomass and enzyme activities in M. micrantha rhizospheres confirmed this, being positively correlated with soil N mineralization rates and available N. Mikania micrantha rhizospheres harbored highly diverse N‐cycling microbes, including N‐fixing, ammonia‐oxidizing and denitrifying bacteria and ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA). Structural equation models indicated that M. micrantha obtained available N via AOA‐mediated nitrification mainly. Field data mirrored our experimental findings.

Nitrogen availability is elevated under M. micrantha invasion through enrichment of microbes that participate in N cycling, in turn increasing available N for plant growth, facilitating high interspecific competition.
Long‐term rice–crayfish farming aggravates soil gleying and induced changes of soil iron morphology
Authors: Yuan Pengli , Wang Jinping , Li Chengfang , Cao Cougui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe integrated rice–crayfish (RC) farming has become popular in rice‐growing areas in China. In order to raise crayfish in paddy, the RC system requires large amounts of feed and flooding of fields, and changes in the use and management of paddy may have an impact on soil properties. This study investigated the effects of feed placement and long‐term flooding on soil profile structure, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, redox status and iron oxides during RC farming. A series of paddy soil profiles from rice–crayfish paddies were sampled. Samples from adjacent paddies with rice monoculture (RM) were used for comparison. Soil samples from each paddy field were collected vertically every 20 cm from surface to a depth of 1 m. Our research indicated that the thicknesses of the gley horizons and concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, soil organic carbon, total amount of reductive mater, active reducing matter, ferrous iron, divalent manganese, oxalate‐extractable iron (Feo), and pyrophosphate‐extractable iron (Fep) increased with the duration of RC farming. Conversely, Eh, and dithionite‐extractable iron (Fed) content significantly decreased with time. In comparison with RM, the longer RC system lasts, the more severe gleying of the surface soil occurs, and the depth of gley extends downwards in the soil profile. Particularly thickened gleization layer, high content of organic nutrients, presence of reducing substances, low Eh value, and changes of soil iron minerals which affect soil fertility can predictably worse the function of the rice paddy environment and ecosystems.
Plant apocarotenoids: from retrograde signaling to interspecific communication
Authors: Moreno Juan C. , Mi Jianing , Alagoz Yagiz , Al‐Babili Salim 
Published: December 2020

SummaryCarotenoids are isoprenoid compounds synthesized by all photosynthetic and some non‐photosynthetic organisms. They are essential for photosynthesis and contribute to many other aspects of a plant's life. The oxidative breakdown of carotenoids gives rise to the formation of a diverse family of essential metabolites called apocarotenoids. This metabolic process either takes place spontaneously through reactive oxygen species or is catalyzed by enzymes generally belonging to the CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE family. Apocarotenoids include the phytohormones abscisic acid and strigolactones (SLs), signaling molecules and growth regulators. Abscisic acid and SLs are vital in regulating plant growth, development and stress response. SLs are also an essential component in plants’ rhizospheric communication with symbionts and parasites. Other apocarotenoid small molecules, such as blumenols, mycorradicins, zaxinone, anchorene, β‐cyclocitral, β‐cyclogeranic acid, β‐ionone and loliolide, are involved in plant growth and development, and/or contribute to different processes, including arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis, abiotic stress response, plant–plant and plant–herbivore interactions and plastid retrograde signaling. There are also indications for the presence of structurally unidentified linear cis‐carotene‐derived apocarotenoids, which are presumed to modulate plastid biogenesis and leaf morphology, among other developmental processes. Here, we provide an overview on the biology of old, recently discovered and supposed plant apocarotenoid signaling molecules, describing their biosynthesis, developmental and physiological functions, and role as a messenger in plant communication.
Normalization Techniques For Translating Cultural - Specific Expressions
Authors: Imjidee Nuchanad , Bee Kwee Soh 
Published: December 2020

For readability of audience in target culture (TC), cultural-specific expressions (CSEs) which have been embedded with specific characteristics, need specific techniques to transfer them into target language (TL). This study aims to identify normalization techniques (NTs) from domestication strategies to show that they are particularly necessary for CSE translation. Based on the previous studies of different scholars, the overlap between domestication and normalization is clarified, following by the clarification of the relation between normalization and the use of translator’s subjectivity, as well as the distinction between CSEs and universals for simple explanation on what normalization and CSE are. Last but not least, the overlapping NTs, classified from domestication strategies will be unified. Finally, illustration of normalization of CSEs, selected from Thai target text (TT) and its English source text (ST), The Da Vinci Code (DVC), a novel by Dan Brown, will give an overt explanation of how each NT is used to deal with CSEs in order to show relation between characteristics of CSEs and each NT. This will answer why NTs are necessary.
Factors influencing the episode duration and the anatomical and functional outcome in cases of acute central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Parajuli Anil , Joshi Purushottam 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the factors affecting the duration of subretinal fluid (SRF) resolution and their correlation with the final anatomical and functional outcome in cases of treatment naïve acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).Methods and analysisWe retrospectively studied 93 eyes of 93 patients diagnosed with treatment naïve acute CSCR presenting within 30 days of onset of symptoms. The eyes were divided into two groups (1 and 2) based on the duration of SRF resolution; which was ≤3 months in group 1 and >3 months in group 2. Demographic and medical history, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography features were noted and their association with duration for SRF resolution, final central macular thickness (CMT) and final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were studied. All the patients were prescribed topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for 1 month at the diagnosis of CSCR.ResultsLonger duration of symptoms, female gender and baseline OCT factors like hyper-reflective dots and retinal pigment epithelial bumps were associated with longer duration for SRF resolution (p<0.001, p=0.04, p=0.001 and p=0.01, respectively). The SRF resolution time had strong correlations with the final CMT (r=−0.589, p<0.001) and final BCVA in logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) (r=+0.599, p<0.001). Group 2 eyes had worse final BCVA and thinner final CMT than Group 1 (both p<0.001). The final CMT of the patients of Group 1 was statistically thinner than the normal population (p<0.001).ConclusionPatient’s baseline clinicodemographic and OCT features can be used to predict the course and visual outcome in cases of treatment naïve acute idiopathic CSCR.