bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral simultaneous total hip arthroplasty: comparison of treatment outcome between the direct anterior approach and the posterolateral approach
Authors: Feng Shuo , Sun Ning Jian , Zhang Yu , Zhang Ye , Chen Yang Xiang , Zha Guo-Chun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background There are many surgical approaches for total hip arthroplasty. In recent years, direct anterior approach (DAA) has been highly praised by many scholars, and it has been widely reported that it has a good curative effect, such as fast recovery. Whether the surgical results and patient satisfaction can reach or exceed the traditional posterolateral approach has been controversial. We hypothesized that the treatment outcome of the direct anterior approach (DAA) approach is superior to the traditional posterolateral approach (PLA). Methods From January 2015 to April 2017, 20 patients (40 hips) were randomly divided into posterolateral approach (PLA) group and direct anterior approach (DAA) group. Record the operation time on both sides, postoperative drainage, prosthesis position, and complications, the functional recovery of hip joint was evaluated by D'Aubigne-Postel score, and the postoperative pain was evaluated by VAS score. Gait parameters were measured before surgery and at 3 and 6 months after surgery, and the patients were asked which side they preferred subjectively after surgery. Results When compared with the PLA group, the DAA group had a shorter incision length (11.4 vs 14.72 cm, P<0.001), shorter intraoperative blood loss (184.05vs 219.00 mL, P<0.001), shorter postoperative drainage volume (105.35 vs 154.10 mL, P<0.001), and lower VAS scores. However, the PLA had shorter operative times (82.20 vs 67.3 min, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in acetabular inclination (39.72 vs 40.92 °, P=0.069), and acetabular anteversion (17.41 vs 17.69°, P=0.663) between the two groups. Joint function recovery: The D'Aubigne-Postel scores of the hip joints in the DAA group vs PLA group at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery were (8.2, 11.5, 16.5) vs (7.65, 11.45, 16.9). The difference in the 1, 3month was statistically significant (P=0.012, P=0.038), however, this difference disappeared in the 6th month(P=0.072). Conclusions Compared with the PLA, the DAA has the advantages of shorter operation time, smaller incision, less bleeding, less pain, better gait performance and faster recovery of joint function, but patients subjectively preferred the traditional PLA.
The Effects of Different Antiseptic Mouthwash On Microbiota Around Orthodontic Mini-Screw
Authors: AKBULUT Yasin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objektives: This study aims to investigate the effects of different antiseptic mouthwash on microbiota around the mini-screw applied to patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods: From patients who have been undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment and who have mini-screws in their mouth, a total of 38 patients were selected for the study consisting of 4 groups, each of which has 15 mini-screws. The patients were selected from the following groups: no use of mouthwash (Group 1), use of 0.12% Chlorhexidine gluconate-containing mouthwash (Group 2), use of Essential oils-containing mouthwash (Group 3) and use of 7.5% Povidone-iodine-containing mouthwash (Group 4). Plaque indices and gingival indices of the patients were measured at the beginning (T 0 ) and at their appointments three weeks later (T 1 ). In addition, biological samples were collected from the sulcus around the mini-screw with the help of sterile paper point. Results: The total number of microorganisms around the mini-screw in Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4 decreased significantly compared to Group 1. A significant decrease in Streptococcus oralis , Streptococcus mitis , Candida parapsilosis, total bacteria, plaque index and gingival index count was observed in T 1 compared to T 0. Conclusion: Antiseptic mouthwash in Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4 can be used to reduce the number of microbial microbiota around the mini-screw and to improve oral hygiene.
&nbsp;Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome In Patients With Tb-Hiv Co-Infection In Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Authors: Selimin Diana Safraa , Ismail Aniza , Ahmad Norfazilah , Ismail Rohani , Azman Nurul Farhana Mohd , Azman Amaleena 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious health threat to people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study aimed to identify the characteristics, unsuccessful TB treatment rate and determinants of unsuccessful TB treatment outcome among patients with TB-HIV co-infection in Kuala Lumpur.Methods This was a cross-sectional study. The data of all patients with TB-HIV in the federal territory of Kuala Lumpur from 2013 to 2017 were collected and reviewed. The data were retrieved from the national database (TB Information System) at the Kuala Lumpur Health Department from 1 March 2018 to 31 May 2018.Results Out of 235 randomly selected patients with TB-HIV, TB treatment outcome was successful in 57.9% (cured and completed treatment) and unsuccessful in 42.1% (died, failed or defaulted treatment). Patients who did not receive DOTS (directly observed treatment, short course) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 21.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.36–87.94) and those who received shorter treatment duration of <6 months (aOR 34.54; 95% CI: 5.97–199.93) had higher odds for unsuccessful TB treatment outcome.Conclusions Nearly half of the patients with TB-HIV had unsuccessful TB treatment outcome. Therefore, it is important to ensure that such patients receive DOTS and continuous TB treatment of >6 months. It is crucial to strengthen and widen the coverage of DOTS, especially among high-risk groups, in healthcare settings. Strict follow-up by healthcare providers is needed for patients with TB-HIV to gain treatment adherence and for better rates of successful TB treatment.
Factors Related to Health Civic Engagement: Results from the 2018 National Survey of Health Attitudes to Understand Progress towards a Culture of Health
Authors: Dubowitz Tamara , Nelson Christopher , Weilant Sarah , Sloan Jennifer C. , Bogart Andrew , Miller Carolyn , Chandra Anita 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objectives Civic engagement, including voting, volunteering, and participating in civic organizations, is associated with better psychological, physical and behavioral health and well-being. In addition, civic engagement is increasingly viewed (e.g., in Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Culture of Health framework) as an important driver for raising awareness of and addressing unhealthy conditions in communities. As such, it is important to understand the factors that may promote civic engagement, with a particular focus on the less-understood, health civic engagement, or civic engagement in health-related and health-specific activities. Using data from a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States, we examined whether the extent to which individuals feel they belong in their community (i.e., perceived sense of community) and the value they placed on investing in community health were associated with individuals’ health civic engagement.Methods Using data collected on 7187 nationally representative respondents from the 2018 National Survey of Health Attitudes, we examined associations between sense of community, valued investment in community health, and perceived barriers to taking action to invest in community health, with health civic engagement. We constructed scales for each of these constructs and employed multiple linear regressions adjusting for multiple covariates.Results Participants who endorsed (i.e., responded with mostly or completely) all 16 sense of community scale items endorsed an average of 22.8% (95%CI: 19.8 - 25.7%) more of the health civic engagement scale items compared with respondents who did not endorse any of the sense of community items. Those who endorsed (responded that it was an important or top priority) for all items capturing valued investment in community health endorsed 14.0% (95%CI: 11.2 – 16.8%) more of the health civic engagement items than those who did not endorse any valued investment in community health items.Conclusions Health civic engagement, including voting and volunteering to ultimately influence government decisions about health issues, may help improve conditions that influence health and well-being for all. Focusing on individuals’ sense of community and highlighting investments in community health may concurrently increase health civic engagement and improve community and population health.
Tobacco and electronic cigarette cues for smoking and vaping: an online experimental study
Authors: Blackwell Anna K M , De-loyde Katie , Brocklebank Laura A , Maynard Olivia M , Marteau Theresa M , Hollands Gareth J , Fletcher Paul C , Attwood Angela S , Morris Richard W , Munafò Marcus R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective This study examined whether exposure to smoking and vaping cues the urge to smoke or vape. It extends previous studies on first-generation cigalikes (visually similar to cigarettes) and second-generation devices (visually similar to pens) by including third-generation tank system devices (larger bulky units). In an online experiment, participants were randomly assigned to view one of four videos, which included smoking, vaping (cigalike or tank system), or neutral cues. The primary outcome was urge to smoke. Secondary outcomes were urge to vape, desire to smoke and vape, and intention to quit or remain abstinent from smoking.Results UK adults varying in smoking (current or former) and vaping (user or non-user) status (n=1120) completed the study: 184 (16%) failed study attention checks meaning 936 were included in the final analysis. Urges to smoke were similar across cue groups. Urges to vape were higher following exposure to vaping compared to neutral cues. There was no clear evidence of an interaction between cue group and smoking or vaping status. The lack of cueing effects on smoking urges is inconsistent with previous research, raising questions about the ability to assess craving in online settings.
Comparison of sputum induction and bronchoscopy in diagnosis of sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis: a systemic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Shi Yonghong , Luo Wen , Lin Yihua , Li Zhibin , Wang Wanyu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide. Patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis with negative smear are recommended to undergo further tests including sputum induction and bronchoscopy. Our study is aimed to compare sputum induction and bronchoscopic specimens in the diagnosis of sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. Method: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase were searched for eligible studies. The pooled sensitivities (SEN), specificities (SPE), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) were constructed, and the areas under the curves (AUCs) were calculated.Results: Five studies with a total number of 586 cases were included. For mycobacterial culture, the SEN and SPE of sputum induction were 0.72(95% CI, 0.66-0.77) and 1.00 (95%CI, 0.99-1.000) respectively, whereas the SEN and SPE of bronchoscopy were 0.70(95%CI, 0.64-0.75) and 1.00 (95%CI, 0.99-1.00) respectively. Sputum induction had a similar AUC(0.9564, SE=0.0749) with bronchoscopy (0.8618, SE=0.1652) ( P =0.602). For specimen of acid-fast bacilli smear, the SEN and SPE of sputum induction were 0.35 (95% CI, 0.29-0.42) and 0.99(95% CI, 0.96-1.00) respectively, whereas the SEN and SPE of bronchoscopy were 0.38 (95% CI, 0.32-0.45) and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.96-1.00) respectively. Sputum induction had a familiar AUC (0.6016) with bronchoscopy (0.8163) ( P =0.792).Conclusions: For the diagnosis of sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis, the diagnosis yield of sputum induction and bronchoscopy is similar.
Different profiles of body mass index evolutions among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a retrospective cohort study.
Authors: Diallo Alhassane , Diallo Boubacar Djelo , Camara Lansana Mady , Kounoudji Lucrèce Ahouéfa Nadège , Bah Boubacar , N’Zabintawali Fulgence , Carlos-Bolumbu Miguel , Diallo Mamadou Hassimiou , Sow Oumou Younoussa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Despite the predictor role of the body weight variation on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment outcome, little data are available to corroborate this finding. We aimed to study the course of weight in patients with MDR-TB, to identify subgroups of weight evolutions, and to determine factors that influence these evolutions.Methods Patients treated with a shorter MDR-TB treatment regimen between June 07, 2016 and June 22, 2018 from three major drug-resistance TB centres in Guinea, who had rifampicin resistance, and who were cured or died were analysed. Patients were seen monthly until the end of treatment. Clinical outcome was the Body Mass Index (BMI). We used a linear mixed model to analyze the course of BMI and a latent class mixed model to identify subgroup of BMI evolutions.Results Of 232 patients treated for MDR-TB during the study period, 165 (71%) were analysed. These patients had a total of 1387 visits, with a median of 5 visits (interquartile range, 3 – 8 visits). Monthly BMI increase was 0.24 (SE 0.02) per kg/m 2 . Factors that associated with faster BMI progression were cured to MDR-TB treatment (0.24 [SE 0.09] per kg/m 2 ; p = 0.0205), and the absence of lung cavities on X-ray (0.18 [0.06] per kg/m 2 ; p = 0.0068). Two subgroups of BMI evolution were identified: “Rapid BMI (n = 121; 85%) and “Slow BMI evolution (n = 22; 15%). Patients in the slow increasing BMI group were mostly female (68%) without history of TB treatment (41%) with most severe clinical condition at baseline, characterized by a higher frequency of symptoms including HIV infection (59%), depression (18%), dyspnea (68%), poor adherence to MDR-TB treatment (64%), lower platelets count, and higher liver SGOT count. These patients had also a longer time to-initial culture conversion delay (log-rank test: p = 0.0087).Conclusion The available data provide quantitative information on BMI progression of patients with MDR-TB treated with a shorter regimen, and allowed the identification of the subgroup of patients with different BMI evolutions. Furthermore, they emphasize the usefulness of BMI as biomarker to monitor MDR-TB treatment outcome.
Serum level of vitamin D, CRP and biochemical parameter in acute and chronic brucellosis treated with doxycycline-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles
Authors: Hosserini Seyed Mostafa , Farmani Abbas , Arabestani Mohammad Reza 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Brucellosis is a common disease between humans and livestock, and treatment and relapse of this disease is one of the major challenges. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of doxycycline-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (DOX-SLN) on acute and chronic brucellosis and its effect on serum level of 25-OH-Vitamin D, C-reactive protein (CRP) and biochemical parameters. Methods Double emulsion method was used for synthesis of nanoparticles. Serum levels of vitamin D, CRP, total protein, albumin and globulin were measured in rats with brucellosis. The therapeutic effect of DOX-SLN was compared with that of free doxycycline. Results The mean size, Zeta potential, PDI, drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of the synthesized nanoparticles were 299±34 nm, -28.7±3.2 mV, 0.29±0.027, 11.2±1.3%, and 94.9±3.2%, respectively. Serum vitamin D levels in rats with chronic brucellosis decreased compared to healthy rats. CRP increased in the acute and chronic stages of brucellosis. Serum levels of total protein and albumin were similar in both stages of the disease but serum globulin levels was increased. Conclusion According to the results, serum level of vitamin D was increased in rats after treatment with DOX-SLN. The use of DOX-SLN as an alternative drug for the treatment of chronic brucellosis is recommended.
Development of a non-invasive lung oximeter
Authors: Dixon Barry , Gibson Elizabeth 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective: Monitoring of regional lung ventilation and perfusion in critically ill patients may assist in detection and management of lung injury. We developed a non-invasive oximeter that uses the principles of pulse oximetry to measure lung microvascular oxygen levels and a lung pulse waveform. The oximeter was tested in a healthy volunteer. Lung oxygen levels and the pulse waveforms were assessed in 2 lung regions; the apex (matched ventilation and perfusion) and the base (low ventilation relative to perfusion). Simultaneous conventional skin pulse oximetry was also recorded. Results: At the lung apex, oxygen saturation fell markedly during systole to ~60%, but rapidly recovered and peaked at 100% by the end of diastole. The lung pulse waveform was similar in shape and timing to a pulmonary artery pressure trace. At the lung base, oxygen saturation remained low ~ 80% throughout systole and diastole. The lung pulse was similar in shape and timing to a left atrial pressure trace. Skin oxygen levels remained at 100% throughout the pulse. The lung oximeter recordings were consistent with the expected regional changes in ventilation and perfusion at the apex and base. The lung oximeter could assist clinicians in the management of critically ill patients.
A comparison of erythrocyte sedimentation rate between blood anticoagulated with sodium citrate and EDTA among Tuberculosis suspected patients at University of Gondar Hospital, North West Ethiopia
Authors: Getaneh Zegeye , Ayelgn Fekadu , Asemahegn Geletaw , Geleta Habtamu , Yalew Aregawi , Melak Tadele 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective: The main aim of this study was comparison of erythrocyte sedimentation rate results of sodium citrate and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid anticoagulant. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia. A total of 70 TB suspected study participants were recruited. From each study participants, 3ml blood was collected in to EDTA tube and 1.6ml blood was collected in to a test tube containing 0.4ml Sodium Citrate anticoagulant. Results: The mean ± SD values for ESR were 57.9 ± 41.45 in EDTA and 50.99 ± 43.5 in citrate anticoagulated blood. The mean difference of ESR values between EDTA and citrated blood was 6.91 ± 13.66 mm/hr with a significant difference. The mean ± SD of ESR for EDTA and citrate blood was 59.57 ± 42.31 and 54.71 ± 40.44 mm/hr for males and 53.57 ± 44.61 and 46.04 ± 41.82 mm/hr for females, respectively. This study indicated that there was a significant difference between ESR values with EDTA and tri-sodium citrate anticoagulants.
Acid Experimental Evolution of the Extremely Halophilic Archaeon Halobacterium sp.&nbsp;NRC-1 Selects Mutations Affecting Arginine Transport and Catabolism
Authors: Kunka Karina S , Griffith Jessie M , Holdener Chase , Bischof Katarina M , Li Haofan , DasSarma Priya , DasSarma Shiladitya , Slonczewski Joan L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 (NRC-1) is an extremely halophilic archaeon that is adapted to multiple stressors such as UV, ionizing radiation and arsenic exposure. We conducted experimental evolution of NRC-1 under acid stress. NRC-1 was serially cultured in CM+ medium modified by four conditions: optimal pH (pH 7.5), acid stress (pH 6.3), iron amendment (600 μM ferrous sulfate, pH 7.5), and acid plus iron (pH 6.3, with 600 μM ferrous sulfate). For each condition, four independent lineages of evolving populations were propagated. After 500 generations, 16 clones were isolated for phenotypic characterization and genomic sequencing. Results Genome sequences of all 16 clones revealed 378 mutations, of which 90% were haloarchaeal insertion sequences (ISH) and ISH-mediated large deletions. This proportion of ISH events in NRC-1 was five-fold greater than that reported for comparable evolution of E. coli. One acid-evolved clone had increased fitness compared to the ancestral strain when cultured at low pH. Seven of eight acid-evolved clones had a mutation within or upstream of arcD, which encodes an arginine-ornithine antiporter; no non-acid adapted strains had arcD mutations. Mutations also affected the arcR regulator of arginine catabolism, which protects bacteria from acid stress by release of ammonia. Two acid-adapted strains shared a common mutation in bop, which encodes the bacteriorhodopsin light-driven proton pump. Unrelated to pH, one NRC-1 minichromosome (megaplasmid) pNRC100 had increased copy number, and we observed several mutations that eliminate gas vesicles and arsenic resistance. Thus, in the haloarchaeon NRC-1, as in bacteria, pH adaptation was associated with genes involved in arginine catabolism and proton transport. Conclusions Our study is among the first to report experimental evolution with multiple resequenced genomes of an archaeon. Haloarchaea are polyextremophiles capable of growth under environmental conditions such as concentrated NaCl and desiccation, but little is known about pH stress. Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 (NRC-1) is considered a model organism for the feasibility of microbial life in iron-rich brine on Mars. Interesting parallels appear between the molecular basis of pH adaptation in NRC-1 and in bacteria, particularly the acid-responsive arginine-ornithine system found in oral streptococci.
Dysbiosis of saliva microbiome in patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: Yu FeiYan , Wang QianQian , Li Miao , Cheng Ya-Hsin , Cheng Yi-Shing Lisa , Zhou Yu , Yang Xi , Zhang Fang , Ge XueJun , Zhao Bin , Ren XiuYun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background : Oral microbiota is not only important for maintaining oral health but also plays a role in oral diseases. However, studies regarding microbiome changes in oral lichen planus(OLP)are very limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the characteristic microbial profile in the saliva of OLP patients, with or without erosive lesions, and compare that with recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU), a common oral immunological disorder that also shows multiple erosive/ulcerative lesions. Methods : Whole saliva samples were collected from 20 patients with OLP (10 each for erosive (E) and non-erosive (NE) groups), 10 patients with RAU (U group), and 10 healthy controls (C). DNA was extracted from the saliva samples, and the 16S rDNA gene V4 hypervariable region was analyzed using Illumina sequencing. Results were assessed with alpha- and beta-diversity, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size, and the data was analyzed by Spearman’s rank correlation,Wilcoxon and Kruskal test. Results: We obtained 4949 operational taxonomic units from the V4 region in all saliva samples. Community composition analysis showed a clear decreased relative abundance of genera Streptococcus and Sphingomonas in saliva from RAU patients when compared to the other three groups. Relative abundance of Lautropia and Gemella were higher in E group,whereas relative abundance of Haemophilus and Neisseria were higher in NE group when compared to C group. Abiotrophia and Oribacterium were higher in OLP (combining E and NE groups), while Eikenella and Aggregatibacter were lower when compared to C group. There was statistically significance in α-diversity between E and RAU groups( p <0.05). Significant differences in β-diversity were detected in bacteria between E and C; NE and C; as well as E and NE groups. Conclusion： We found that salivary microbiome in OLP was significantly different from that found in RAU; and these changes may be related to the underlying disease process rather than presence of ulcerative/erosive lesions clinically. In addition, our findings in bacterial relative abundance in OLP were significantly different from the previously reported findings, which points to the need for further research in salivary microbiome of OLP.