bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
You can choose your relatives: Building marine protected area networks from sister sites
Authors: Wenzel Lauren , Cid Gonzalo , Haskell Ben , Clark Athline , Quiocho Kalani , Kiene William , Causey Billy , Ward Nathalie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The world's oceans are often perceived as barriers that separate countries. To counter these divisions and improve protection of ocean resources, marine protected area (MPA) managers have formed alliances that bridge jurisdictional boundaries to share strategies and resources with other protected areas.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries has embraced this sister site approach to connect MPA management based on ecological and cultural links. Designed to strengthen the management of ecologically and culturally connected areas, these relationships between protected areas serve as catalysts for effective stewardship of the ocean's biological resources and show the important benefits of transnational cooperation.
This paper summarizes the lessons from over a decade of sister site partnerships, including case studies from Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary and four sites in the Caribbean working together to protect a shared population of humpback whales; the Gulf of Mexico Sister Site Network being developed by the USA, Mexico, and Cuba; Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument and Rapa Nui in Chile; and broader collaboration among MPAs in the USA and Chile on the Pacific coast.
The decline of short‐beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) in the waters off the island of Ischia (Gulf of Naples, Italy)
Authors: Mussi Barbara , Vivaldi Carlotta , Zucchini Antonio , Miragliuolo Angelo , Pace Daniela Silvia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

This study presents data on a local population of short‐beaked common dolphin monitored in the waters off Ischia Island (Gulf of Naples, Italy) over a 16‐year period (2000‐2015). We examine dolphin occurrence and distribution and perform photoidentification analysis.
The data presented support the hypothesis that the waters around Ischia Island represent a feeding area, as well as a calving and an important nursery area for this local population, providing favourable conditions in which to give birth and raise calves.
The levelling‐off of the photoidentification curves together with the continuous decline of the encounter rate lead us to believe that the area has been a hotspot for a local population (mainly resident) for years and that now this population is dying (has died) or is moving (has moved) to other locations.
Several expanding human activities at sea have the potential to impact on the common dolphin in the study area, the most significant possibly being habitat disturbance and degradation (including traffic and noise pollution) and overexploitation of food resources by the fishery.
The data presented in this study offer a strong argument for explicit and urgent population‐specific conservation and management strategies to be developed and applied locally for common dolphins, considering that they rely on the region for important biological processes.
Securing effective and equitable coverage of marine protected areas: The UK's progress towards achieving Convention on Biological Diversity commitments and lessons learned for the way forward
Authors: Johnson David E. , Rees Siân E. , Diz Daniela , Jones Peter J.S. , Roberts Callum , Barrio Froján Christopher 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCurrent international agreements call for protecting 10% of marine and coastal waters by 2020, with the intention of increasing that target to 30% by 2030. With 24% of its territorial waters protected, the UK falls short of the new expected target.As well as quantitative targets, qualitative criteria have been internationally agreed for protected area designation, including minimum coverage values and characteristics that encompass effectively and equitably managed, ecologically representative and well‐connected systems of protected areas and other effective area‐based conservation measures, and integrated into the wider landscape and seascape.The legal framework supporting protected area designations at sea is summarized and explained for UK territorial waters. Efforts to date to achieve current marine protected area (MPA) targets are reviewed, with emphasis on how well the existing protected area portfolio captures the qualitative criteria. Examples are given of other effective conservation measures complementary to formalized MPAs, especially with regard to achieving and promoting qualitative criteria for biodiversity conservation, including appropriate recognition of and support for areas conserved by indigenous people, local communities and private entities.A precis on the governance of MPAs and other effective conservation measures in the UK and its overseas territories is presented. Whilst the UK has made exceptional progress with quantitative MPA coverage, it is still not clear whether designated areas offer effective protection. A UK‐level strategy is in place to address this; and at site level, Lyme Bay MPA illustrates the benefits of addressing qualitative criteria. Illustrated by the UK example, an urgent call is made for ongoing and future marine in situ area‐based conservation efforts to substantiate quantitative and qualitative considerations, and to ensure that MPA networks are ultimately fit for purpose.
Spatial and seasonal differences in the top predators of Easter Island: Essential data for implementing the new Rapa Nui multiple‐uses marine protected area
Authors: Morales Naiti A. , Easton Erin E. , Friedlander Alan M. , Harvey Euan S. , Garcia Rodrigo , Gaymer Carlos F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Reef fishes are an important component of marine biodiversity, and changes in the composition of the assemblage structure may indicate ecological, climatic, or anthropogenic disturbances. To examine spatial differences in the reef fish assemblage structure around Easter Island, eight sites were sampled during autumn and summer 2016–2017 with baited remote underwater video systems.
To determine seasonal changes, quarterly (seasonal) sampling was conducted at five of those eight sites. Fifteen pelagic species of fishes were recorded during this study, some of which have not previously been recorded in scuba surveys, including the Galapagos shark (Carcharhinus galapagensis, Snodgrass & Heller, 1905) and tunas (Scrombidae).
Significant spatial and seasonal differences were found in the fish assemblage. Fish assemblages from the south coast differed significantly from those along the west and east coasts, mainly due to the occurrence of top predators. Winter differed from other seasons, especially along the south coast where the island is more exposed to large oceanic swells and winds from Antarctica.
Owing to the variety and high relative abundance of species recorded during this survey, baited remote underwater video systems seemed to be an effective method for studying top predators at Easter Island. The identification of priority zones for the protection of top predator species represents an important contribution of this study, in order to develop management and conservation strategies to be implemented in the newly created Rapa Nui multiple uses coastal marine protected areas.
Common dolphins, common in neritic waters off southern Israel, demonstrate uncommon dietary habits
Authors: Brand Denna , Edelist Dor , Goffman Oz , Hadar Nir , Scheinin Aviad , Kerem Dan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

During the last decade, the common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) has become the second most sighted species in Israeli coastal waters, after the common bottlenose dolphin. Documentation mostly relies on opportunistic, photo and/or video‐backed second‐party reports, delimited within a 10 km near‐shore strip.
Sightings occur year round, are confined to the southern part of the Israeli coast and typically comprise relatively large groups (mean ± SD: 21.5 ± 13.3), often with young calves.
Strandings are relatively scarce, typically one per year, and have so far yielded five upper digestive tract contents for diet analysis.
Cephalopods comprised 1.2% of the estimated number of prey items in the combined content. Surprisingly, by far the most abundant and prevalent prey item found (57% of pooled prey items; present and dominant in four out of five tracts) was the Balearic eel (Ariosoma balearicum), a sand burrower which is also a major dietary component of the common bottlenose dolphins.
Bottlenose dolphins in Israel are known to forage in association with bottom trawlers, leading to the notion that common dolphins also make use of this foraging mode. Indeed, in addition to their association with purse seiners, they have been documented accompanying bottom trawlers, by both day and night. The slender Balearic eels are frequently found protruding from the net's eyes, presumably making easy prey for both dolphin species.
Information gaps on common dolphins include range extension to the south/south-west, abundance estimation and genetic flow/isolation. Even so, its unusual diet and the fact that the closest known populations to the north/north-west are from the Aegean Sea, were major considerations in the recent designation of the ‘Coastal Shelf Waters of the South-east Levantine Sea’ as a Mediterranean Important Marine Mammal Area.
Assessing the effects of local turbulence and velocity profiles on electromagnetic flowmeter accuracy
Authors: Beck Kade J. , Barfuss Steven L. , Johnson Michael C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhile various researchers have explored the effects of turbulence profile development on orifice plates, the literature is not clear on how magnetic flowmeters respond to increased levels of local turbulence. Accordingly, this study investigated the effects of local turbulence and velocity profiles on magnetic flowmeter accuracy. Using five magnetic flowmeters from five different manufacturers, laboratory tests were conducted with a flow conditioner located at different distances upstream of the meter. Numerical modeling using commercially available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software showed local turbulence levels in the pipe to be four times greater at one diameter downstream of a flow conditioner than the local turbulence levels without a flow conditioner installed. Furthermore, the CFD showed that the deviations in flowmeter accuracy were not proportional to the levels of local turbulence.
Human urinary kallidinogenase or edaravone combined with butylphthalide in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Qian Yun , Lyu Yi , Jiang Minhai , Tang Bo , Nie Tian , Lu Shan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimThe effectiveness of neuroprotective agents is still unclear. Here we analyzed the clinical outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients treated with human urinary kallidinogenase (HUK) or edaravone (Eda) combined with butylphthalide (NBP).MethodsFrom January 2016 to December 2017, a total of 165 AIS patients were enrolled in this open‐label, randomized controlled clinical study. Patients were randomly allocated into HUK group and Eda group in a ratio of 2:1. All the patients received basic treatments and NBP (200 mg p.o. qid) while HUK group received 0.15 PNA unit of HUK injection (ivgtt. qd) and Eda group received 30 mg Eda (ivgtt. bid) for 14 consecutive days. Independency rate [12‐month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤ 1] and related factors were compared between the two groups.ResultsTwelve‐month mRS score of the HUK group (1, IQR 0~1) was significantly lower compared with Eda group (2, IQR 1~3,p < .0001). The HUK treatment achieved an independency rate of 79.1% while the Eda treatment only had 45.3% (p < .0001). Further binary logistic regression showed that recurrent stroke (RR: 0.1, 95% CI: 0.0~0.1,p = .038) and HUK treatment (RR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.1~16.5,p = .041) could significantly affect patients' 12‐month outcomes.ConclusionHuman urinary kallidinogenase combined with NBP can enhance AIS patients' long‐term independency rate, and the effectiveness of HUK combined therapy is better than Eda.
The association between use of statin or aspirin and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A nested case‐control study in a Korean nationwide cohort
Authors: Choi Jin Ho , Lee Sang Hyub , Huh Gunn , Chun Jung Won , You Min Su , Paik Woo Hyun , Ryu Ji Kon , Kim Yong‐Tae 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough several studies have suggested that aspirin and statins may help prevent pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), this concept has been controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the association between use of statin or aspirin and PDAC in a nationwide large cohort.MethodsIn this nested case‐control study, we used data from a 12‐year nationwide longitudinal cohort in Korea. Cases with PDAC and controls who were matched to cases by age, sex, income, and index year at a 1:5 ratio were established. We used multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify the independent risk factors of PDAC.ResultsWe identified a total of 827 patients with PDAC between 2007 and 2013, and included 4135 matched controls. Diabetes mellitus, chronic and acute pancreatitis, pancreatic cystic lesions, and cholelithiasis were independent risk factors for PDAC. Statin use (odds ratio [OR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76‐1.11; P = .344; adjusted OR [aOR], 0.70; 95% CI 0.56‐0.87; P = .001) was associated with a reduced risk of PDAC after correction of the confounding factors, but aspirin use (OR, 0.98; 95% CI 0.84‐1.15; P = .838; aOR 0.84; 95% CI 0.70‐1.01, P = .068) was not associated with PDAC. Among the patients with risk factors, both statin use (OR, 0.50; 95% CI 0.38‐0.66; P < .001; aOR, 0.62; 95% CI 0.45‐0.84; P = .002) and aspirin use (OR, 0.48; 95% CI 0.31‐0.67; P < .001; aOR 0.67; 95% CI 0.50‐0.89, P = .006) were associated with a reduced risk of PDAC.ConclusionThis study suggests that statin use was associated with a reduced risk of PDAC incidence but aspirin use was not. Both statin use and aspirin use were associated a reduced risk of PDAC incidence for patients with risk factors.
Transseptal access for left heart structural interventions in the setting of prior atrial septal defect closure
Authors: Yap Jonathan , Chen Sarah , Stripe Benjamin R. , Smith Thomas W. R. , Rogers Jason H. , Singh Gagan D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA transseptal puncture is critical for “left‐sided” structural heart interventions. Procedures such as transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (MitraClip) and left atrial appendage (LAA) closure (Watchman) require precise puncture of the interatrial septum (IAS), and the presence of a prior atrial septal defect (ASD) closure device poses a challenge. We aim to present a successfully completed case of MitraClip and Watchman in the presence of ASD closure device in two different patients. A review of the literature will be reported, and pertinent clinical and technical considerations will be discussed in depth to achieve procedural success. In summary, transseptal puncture for left heart structural interventions is feasible in the presence of a prior ASD/patent foramen ovale closure device. A detailed understanding of the anatomical considerations as well as the use of multimodality imaging to evaluate the IAS will aid in improving procedural success rates.
Cauda equina syndrome in an ovarian malignant‐mixed müllerian tumor with leptomeningeal spread
Authors: Bernstock Joshua D. , Ostby Stuart , Fox Brandon , Sotoudeh Houman , Janssen Andrew , Kang Yun Jee , Chen Jason , Prattipati Veeranjaneyulu , Elsayed Galal , Chagoya Gustavo , Yamashita Daisuke , Friedman Gregory K. , Nabors Burt , Huh Warner K. , Lobbous Mina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLeptomeningeal metastasis is extremely rare in patients with ovarian cancer, but should be considered in patients presenting with neurologic deficits such as cauda equine syndrome. Given its poor prognosis and lack of data currently on management, additional studies are needed to optimize treatment regimens and improve outcomes.
In Situ IR‐ATR Study of the Interaction of Nitrogen Heteroaromatic Compounds with HY Zeolites: Experimental and Theoretical Approaches
Authors: Khalil Ibrahim , Celis‐Cornejo Carlos M. , Thomas Karine , Bazin Philippe , Travert Arnaud , Pérez‐Martínez David J. , Baldovino‐Medrano Víctor G. , Paul Jean François , Maugé Françoise 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the present work, the liquid‐solid interaction of liquid N‐heteroaromatic compounds, commonly present in the petroleum feedstocks of the refineries, with Y zeolites used as hydrocracking catalysts was followed using IR‐ATR spectroscopy. The inhibition of the zeolitic acid sites by strongly basic pyridine and weakly basic indole was highlighted using a continuous flow IR‐ATR cell. Results were assessed by Density Functional Theory calculations to compute the vibrational frequencies of pyridine and indole according to the nature of the interaction sites: silanol groups or acidic OH groups. The study points out that IR‐ATR spectroscopy opens the way for investigating the interaction modes of low vapor pressure molecules (e. g. indole) that present an inherent difficulty to be operated in the gas phase. Moreover, the IR‐ATR makes possible the analysis of the little‐explored low wavenumber zone (<800 cm−1), that presents informative vibrational modes on the adsorption mode of N‐molecules. Hence, this work points out that for pyridine, the bands at 686 and 727 cm−1 are characteristic of pyridinium species formed over zeolitic OH groups, meanwhile, the signals at 703 and 750 cm−1, are associated to pyridine in interaction with silanol groups. The IR‐ATR study reveals that indole, a weakly basic compound, can be protonated on acidic Y zeolites as unambiguously evidenced by the formation of the bands at 1617, 1608, 1543 and 705 cm−1. Findings here exposed are crucial for studying inhibitory effects exerted by weak nitrogenated compounds on acidic materials during hydrocracking processes.
Vibrational Spectroscopic Characterization of Glycerol Reaction Pathways over Metal‐Modified Molybdenum Carbide Surfaces
Authors: Wan Weiming , Lin Zhexi , Chen Jingguang G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs the production of biodiesel increases, it is economically preferable to upgrade the excess by‐product, glycerol, into value‐added products. Metal‐modified molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) is a class of promising catalysts for this application due to their promising hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) activity. In this work, Pt, Fe and Cu were used to modify the Mo2C surface and tune the product selectivity of glycerol. Pt/Mo2C showed reforming activity to produce syngas, Fe/Mo2C cleaved all the C−O bonds of glycerol to produce propylene, while Cu/Mo2C broke only one C−O bond of glycerol to form acetol. Consecutive temperature‐programmed desorption (TPD) experiments demonstrated an enhanced stability of all surfaces when compared to Mo2C. High‐resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) characterization indicated that the Fe/Mo2C surface weakened the C−O bonds of glycerol, while the Pt/Mo2C surface showed no activity towards C−O bond cleavage. This study demonstrated that the Pt/Mo2C, Fe/Mo2C and Cu/Mo2C surfaces were active, selective and stable for converting glycerol into syngas, propylene, and acetol, respectively. The combination of TPD and HREELS also served as an example of utilizing surface spectroscopy to identify the reaction pathways and intermediates on model catalyst surfaces. This should, in turn, provide insights to guide the design of metal‐modified carbide catalysts for the upgrading of biomass‐derived oxygenates.
Metastatic breast cancer survival improvement restricted by regional disparity: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results and institutional analysis: 1990 to 2011
Authors: Malmgren Judith A. , Calip Gregory S. , Atwood Mary K. , Mayer Musa , Kaplan Henry G. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe extent of breast cancer outcome disparity can be measured by comparing Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) breast cancer‐specific survival (BCSS) by region and with institutional cohort (IC) rates.MethodsPatients who were diagnosed with a first primary, de novo, stage IV breast cancer at ages 25 to 84 years from 1990 to 2011 were studied. The change in 5‐year BCSS over time from 1990 to 2011 was compared using the SEER 9 registries (SEER 9) without the Seattle‐Puget Sound (S‐PS) region (n = 12,121), the S‐PS region alone (n = 1931), and the S‐PS region IC (n = 261). The IC BCSS endpoint was breast cancer death confirmed from chart and/or death certificate and cause‐specific survival for SEER registries. BCSS was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Hazard ratios (HzR) were calculated using Cox proportional‐hazards models.ResultsFor SEER 9 without the S‐PS region, 5‐year BCSS improved 7% (from 19% to 26%) over time, it improved 14% for the S‐PS region (21% to 35%), and it improved 27% for the S‐PS IC (29% to 56%). In the IC Cox proportional‐hazards model, recent diagnosis year, chemotherapy, surgery, and age <70 years were associated with better survival. For SEER 9, additional significant factors were white race and positive hormone receptor status and S‐PS region was associated with better survival (HzR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84‐0.90). In an adjusted model, hazard of BC death decreased in the most recent time period (2005‐2011) by 28% in SEER 9 without S‐PS, 43% in the S‐PS region and 45% in the IC (HzR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.67‐0.76], 0.57 [95% CI, 0.49‐0.66], and 0.55 [95% CI, 0.39‐0.78], respectively).ConclusionsOver 2 decades, the survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer improved nationally, but with regional survival disparity and differential improvement. To achieve equitable outcomes, access and treatment approaches will need to be identified and adopted.
Fertility preservation before breast cancer treatment appears unlikely to affect disease‐free survival at a median follow‐up of 43 months after fertility‐preservation consultation
Authors: Letourneau Joseph M. , Wald Kaitlyn , Sinha Nikita , Juarez‐Hernandez Flor , Harris Eve , Cedars Marcelle I. , McCulloch Charles E. , Dolezal Milana , Chien A. Jo , Rosen Mitchell P. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to determine whether fertility preservation (FP) with oocyte/embryo cryopreservation is associated with differences in disease‐free survival (DFS).MethodsThis retrospective study included patients aged 18 to 45 who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2007 and 2017 and were seen for FP consultation at a university fertility center before cancer treatment. The primary endpoint, DFS, was defined as the time from FP consultation until patients developed a locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis, a contralateral breast tumor, or a new primary malignancy. DFS was compared for FP versus no FP using Kaplan‐Meier survival estimates and Cox proportional‐hazard regression analysis.ResultsThe study included 329 women, with 207 (63%) in the FP group and 122 (37%) in the no FP group. Patients who underwent FP had more aggressive initial disease profiles than those in the no FP group. In addition, they were younger (35 vs 37 years; P = .009), more often had stage II or III disease (67% vs 55%; P = .03), and had higher rates of requiring chemotherapy (77% vs 65%; P = .01). Over a median follow‐up of 43 months, the rates of DFS were similar among patients in the FP group and the no FP group (93% vs 94%, respectively; hazard ratio [HR] 0.7; 95% CI, 0.3‐1.7). Positive ER status (79% vs 83%; P = .38), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (41% vs 48%; P = .32), ER‐positive DFS (HR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.1‐1.6), and neoadjuvant chemotherapy DFS (HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.2‐9.1) were similar in the FP and no FP groups, respectively.ConclusionsAt a median follow‐up of 43 months, FP appears unlikely to affect DFS, even in the setting of tumors with positive ER status or treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (in which the tumor remains in situ during FP).