bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Materializing German Old Testament Exegesis: The Social Historical Method in the Work of Willy Schottroff (1931–1997)
Authors: Scholz Susanne 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The progressive German-speaking scholarship produced by Old Testament exegete Willy Schottroff (1931–1997) is often neglected in historical reviews of biblical studies. Schottroff adhered to a marginalized intellectual tradition in German Protestant late twentieth-century Hebrew Bible scholarship that preserved and nurtured exegetical integrity and theological ethics in resistance to imperial intellectual and political ambitions and practices. This essay traces Schottroff’s exegetical efforts to read the Hebrew Bible with a method, called social historical criticism, not much known outside German-speaking contexts. Three sections depict Schottroff as standing in this liberationist-materialist view of historical criticism. A first section surveys my personal encounter with Schottroff’s work in the West German Post-Holocaust, Post Civil-Rights, and Peace Movement era of the late 1980s. A second section connects Schottroff’s reliance on social historical criticism to Gerhard von Rad’s insistence of historical criticism during the Nazi and Post-Holocaust German era. A third section analyzes the materialist German Hebrew Bible exegesis as it appears in the work of Willy Schottroff. A conclusion reflects on the politics of biblical historiography in German Post-Holocaust Old Testament exegesis.
Grace Aguilar, the Jealous Man, and Imperialism’s ‘Pleasure’
Authors: Lee Bernon 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Reading Grace Aguilar on the law of the jealous man (Num. 5:11–31) against Edward Said’s putative anatomy of psychological satisfaction respecting nineteenth-century (Western) depictions of non-European faces and spaces (in Culture and Imperialism) is the interest of this article. Aguilar’s interpretation fits, largely, Said’s paradigm of sclerosed racial differences, cultural interpenetration within contested spaces, and a recovery of a Western perspective in the last. But her conformity to the pattern in the work is troubled by her commitment to a marginal Anglo-Jewish apologetic grounded in the religious ruminations of an ancient Eastern people and literature. Charting a course for her brand of Jewish piety to the center of Victorian religious culture with its moorings in Euro-supremacy, Aguilar remains tethered to her Near Eastern patrimony. She is, in the end, a reluctant imperialist.
Legislated Out of Existence: Mass Arbitrary Deprivation of Nationality Resulting in Statelessness as an International Crime
Authors: Kenny Cóman 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A state’s prerogative to legislate for nationality remains subject to international law, with the arbitrary deprivation of nationality prohibited. The human rights implications of statelessness are profound, permeating all aspects of life and resulting in the marginalisation and oppression of those affected. Nonetheless, states have implemented laws depriving particular groups of legal status and making them stateless. In addition to the severe impact on the individual, such targeted discrimination creates a permissive atmosphere of dehumanisation that threatens a group’s existence and has been the precursor to mass atrocity. This article assesses, for the first time, whether individual criminal responsibility could be established for the creation or maintenance of a state policy to arbitrarily deprive a group of its nationality, rendering its members stateless. Based on post-World War ii precedent, it argues that such conduct could constitute a crime under the Rome Statute.
‘The Nation will always prevail’, Representation, participation and contestation in the Belgian Constitution of 1831
Authors: Maes Christophe , Deseure Brecht 
Published: October 2020

Summary
The exact nature of the concept of sovereignty enshrined by the Belgian Constitution of 1831 has recently become the object of academic debate. This article takes a stand in this debate by analyzing the representative system instated by the constituent National Congress. It is argued that the congressmen attributed primacy to the legislative Chamber because it concentrated in its midst all the individual wills of the people in order to express the general will or the wish of the Nation. Importantly, though, parliament was not the only representative of the national will, neither was it considered completely self-contained. Parliament’s expression of the national will was subject to constant evaluation by public opinion. When the assembly failed to respond to popular grievances, other representatives were qualified to address the issue: the king could disband the Chamber or pronounce his veto when the national interest required it. The jury, assessing press or political related crimes, could correct oppressive governmental action. And if all of this failed – and only then – the nation could ultimately resist and take directly matters in its own hands. Thus, it is argued that the character of sovereignty in the Belgian state system was ultimately popular.
The Case for ‘Human Diplomacy’
Authors: Solana Javier 
Published: October 2020

Summary
Apocalyptic predictions on the world’s future after COVID-19 are unfounded. Structures of global governance can be reinforced through greater subsidiarity; that is, by enhancing the participation of local authorities, by the involvement of civil society and the private sector and by regionalising initiatives, where appropriate. Furthermore, globalisation’s scope should be extended to comprise the shared governance of all global public goods and elements affecting human security. This essay outlines how this transformation could work for the four policy areas of global trade, food security, public health and climate change.
Understanding Diverse Model Projections of Future Extreme El Niño
Authors: Stevenson Samantha , Wittenberg Andrew T. , Fasullo John , Coats Sloan , Otto-Bliesner Bette 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe majority of future projections in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) show more frequent exceedances of the 5 mm day−1 rainfall threshold in the eastern equatorial Pacific rainfall during El Niño, previously described in the literature as an increase in “extreme El Niño events”; however, these exceedance frequencies vary widely across models, and in some projections actually decrease. Here we combine single-model large ensemble simulations with phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) to diagnose the mechanisms for these differences. The sensitivity of precipitation to local SST anomalies increases consistently across CMIP-class models, tending to amplify extreme El Niño occurrence; however, changes to the magnitude of ENSO-related SST variability can drastically influence the results, indicating that understanding changes to SST variability remains imperative. Future El Niño rainfall intensifies most in models with 1) larger historical cold SST biases in the central equatorial Pacific, which inhibit future increases in local convective cloud shading, enabling more local warming; and 2) smaller historical warm SST biases in the far eastern equatorial Pacific, which enhance future reductions in stratus cloud, enabling more local warming. These competing mechanisms complicate efforts to determine whether CMIP5 models under- or overestimate the future impacts of climate change on El Niño rainfall and its global impacts. However, the relation between future projections and historical biases suggests the possibility of using observable metrics as “emergent constraints” on future extreme El Niño, and a proof of concept using SSTA variance, precipitation sensitivity to SST, and regional SST trends is presented.
Video-thoracoscopic left cardiac sympathetic denervation for long-QT syndrome
Authors: Lampridis Savvas , Antonopoulos Achilleas , Kakos Christos , Mitsos Sofoklis , Patrini Davide , Lawrence David R , Panagiotopoulos Nikolaos 
Published: October 2020

Background Congenital long-QT syndrome represents the most common cardiac channelopathy and manifests as potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias. Prevention strategies include beta-blockade pharmacotherapy, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, and left cardiac sympathetic denervation, which can increase the threshold for ventricular fibrillation. Herein, we report our experience with video-assisted thoracoscopic left cardiac sympathetic denervation. Methods We performed a retrospective review of the electronic medical records of all patients with congenital long-QT syndrome who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic left cardiac sympathetic denervation at our institution. Results From September 2009 to May 2016, 6 patients with a mean age of 30.5 years (range 20–47 years) underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic left cardiac sympathetic denervation for medically refractory long-QT syndrome. All patients had an uneventful recovery and were discharged 1–3 days after the operation. At a median follow-up of 14 months (range 12–60 months), 4 patients had no cardiac events while 2 experienced 1 episode of arrhythmic syncope and 1 episode of appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shock. Following surgery, the mean annual cardiac events in the study cohort decreased from 2.13 to 0.33 ( p = 0.004) and the mean corrected QT interval reduced from 560 ms to 491 ms ( p = 0.006). Conclusions Video-assisted thoracoscopic left cardiac sympathetic denervation is a safe and effective therapy in patients with congenital long-QT syndrome who continue to suffer from recurrent life-threatening arrhythmias or frequent implantable cardioverter-defibrillator discharges despite maximum tolerated doses of beta blockers.
Healing effects of a protein scaffold loaded with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on radiation-induced vaginal injury in rats
Authors: Ye Mingxia , Yu Ling , She Yujia , Wang Shufang , Wang Min , Zhao Qingdong , Gu Chenglei , Bian Lihua , Wen Na , Gong Jing , Li Lian , Meng Yuanguang 
Published: October 2020

Objectives Cervical cancer, the most common female cancer after breast cancer, is typically treated using radiotherapy. However, pelvic radiotherapy can cause irreversible damage to the vagina, seriously affecting patients’ quality of life. In this study, protein scaffolds loaded with rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) were implanted into irradiated tissue to assess their healing potential. Methods We established a rat model of radiation-induced vaginal injury. Complexes (consisting of protein scaffolds loaded with ADSCs) were implanted into injury sites. Histological analysis were used to assess regeneration of the vaginal epithelium. RNA sequencing was used to study the therapeutic mechanism of the complexes. Results The complexes promoted vaginal epithelial cell regeneration, vaginal tissue repair and improved vaginal stenosis and contracture. Compared with rats transplanted with ADSCs, rats transplanted with complexes achieved better therapeutic effects. Conclusions Protein scaffold-ADSC complexes had a beneficial therapeutic effect on radiation-induced vaginal injury in rats and may serve as the basis of a novel therapeutic approach for radiation dermatitis.
Efficacy and safety of rituximab for minors with immune thrombocytopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qu Min , Zhou Jing , Yang Song-Jun , Zhou Ze-Ping 
Published: October 2020

Objective We reviewed relevant research on rituximab (RTX) treatment for pediatric immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) to elucidate the efficacy and safety of RTX. Methods Prospective clinical trials of RTX for the treatment of pediatric ITP were collected by searching the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and OVID: EMBASE databases and ClinicalTrials.gov. We examined rates of overall response (OR), complete response (CR), partial response (PR), sustained response (SR), relapse (R), and adverse drug reaction (ADR). The Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies scale was used, and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results For five studies, including 100 patients, the pooled OR, CR, PR, SR, R, and ADR rates were 52% (95% CI: 0.36–0.77, I2 = 78%), 52% (95% CI: 0.41–0.67, I2 = 45%), 18% (95% CI: 0.10–0.33, I2 = 33%), 43% (95% CI: 0.29–0.63, I2 = 0%), 25% (95% CI: 0.06–0.96, I2 = 52%), and 30% (95% CI: 0.15–0.58, I2 = 64%), respectively. Conclusion There is evidence, albeit low quality, that RTX may be a better second-line therapy than splenectomy for children with ITP; however, its efficacy and safety need to be validated by further high-quality clinical trials, such as randomized controlled trials.
Therapeutic effect of concentrated growth factor preparation on skin photoaging in a mouse model
Authors: Zhou Rongrong , Wang Miao , Zhang Xudong , Chen Aifen , Fei Yanghonghong , Zhao Qiming , Guo Danjing , Chen Hui , Zheng Shusen 
Published: October 2020

Objective To establish a nude mouse model of photoaging and study the therapeutic effect of a concentrated growth factor preparation (CGF) on skin photoaging. Methods CGF was prepared from blood from Sprague–Dawley rats. A skin photoaging nude mouse model was developed using UV irradiation combined with the photosensitizer, 8-methoxypsoralen. Mice were divided randomly into seven groups (n = 6 per group): normal control, photoaging, mock treatment, saline treatment, CGF treatment, Filoca 135HA treatment, and plasma skin regeneration system irradiation (the latter two were positive controls). Body weight and skin appearance were observed and pathological changes were determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Fiber elasticity was evaluated by Weigert staining. Expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results A mouse model with typical features of photoaging skin was successfully developed. CGF significantly improved the skin appearance, wrinkle scores, pathological changes, and fiber elasticity, and increased PCNA and decreased MMP1 expression levels in photoaging mice, comparable to the two positive controls. Conclusion CGF can improve the symptoms of skin photoaging in mice, suggesting that it may have applications in the treatment of skin aging in humans.
Association of lower extremity function with nutritional status and number of drugs in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Morimoto Yosuke , Kawano Hiroaki , Miyanaga Kei , Yano Yudai , Fukushima Takuya , Kozu Ryo , Eishi Kiyoyuki , Maemura Koji 
Published: October 2020

Objective This study was performed to investigate the physical performance parameters, including lower extremity function parameters, that may be risk factors for falls in patients with chronic heart failure. Methods Seventy patients with stable chronic heart failure were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. The five-repetition sit-to-stand test (5STS) time, Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score, and number of drugs were assessed. Results Simple linear regression analysis revealed that the 5STS time was positively correlated with age, the CONUT score, and the number of drugs but was negatively associated with the handgrip force, quadriceps force, and quadriceps muscle thickness. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant association between the 5STS time and the CONUT score, quadriceps force, and number of drugs. Conclusion The muscle strength, nutritional status, and number of drugs should be evaluated to prevent lower extremity weakness in patients with stable chronic heart failure.
The comprehensive lower limb amputee socket survey: Reliability and validity of the persian version
Authors: Rouhani Naeimeh , Esfandiari Elham , Babaee Taher , Khosravi Mobina , Moradi Vahideh , Balouchkayvan Behrad , Pezham Hamid 
Published: October 2020

Background:
The Comprehensive Lower limb Amputee Socket Survey (CLASS) is a self-reported measure developed to assess prosthetic socket fit in individuals with lower limb amputation.

Objective:
To assess the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the CLASS.

Study Design:
Cross-sectional and repeated-measures.

Methods:
We evaluated the translation and back translation of the CLASS and made the required changes according to expert committee feedback. Then, we recruited 124 participants with unilateral lower limb amputation (89.5% men). Internal consistency was analyzed with Cronbach’s alpha and test–retest reliability using intra-class correlation coefficients. Convergent construct validity was assessed by comparing the CLASS scores with the Persian version of the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales (TAPES) scores. In addition, known groups construct validity was assessed by comparing CLASS scores between groups with different causes and levels of amputation.

Results:
Cronbach’s alpha coefficient represented a very good internal consistency for all domains of the Persian CLASS (ranged from 0.86 to 0.92). The intra-class correlation coefficient for test–retest reliability for the Persian CLASS was good to excellent (ranged from 0.73 to 0.97). There was a significant correlation between the subscales of the Persian CLASS and satisfaction subscales of the Persian TAPES (p < 0.001). There was significant difference between comfort subscale of the Persian CLASS scores by level of amputation.

Conclusion:
The Persian CLASS is a reliable and valid measure for evaluating prosthetic socket fit.
Peritoneal Fibrosis Intervention
Authors: Kaneko Kayo , Hamada Chieko , Tomino Yasuhiko 
Published: October 2020

Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is invariably observed in patients undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). The condition is thought to occur in response to a variety of insults, including bioincompatible dialysates (acidic solution, high glucose, glucose degradation products, or a combination), peritonitis, uremia, and chronic inflammation. Recently, the pathophysiologic mechanisms that contribute to the fibrosing process have been intensively studied. Transforming growth factor-β has been shown to be a key mediator of PF. Loss of the mesothelial cell layer has been identified in several studies and shown to correlate with submesothelial thickening and vasculopathy. An association has also been identified between increased submesothelial thickness in the peritoneal membrane and increased solute transport, suggesting a relationship between PF and loss of ultrafiltration capacity. Thus, to maintain long-term PD and improve quality of life for patients, it is important to develop interventions for prevention and treatment of PF. Several strategies for peritoneal fibrosis intervention have been reported, including developing biocompatible dialysate, targeting mediators responsible for inflammation and fibrosis, and reconstituting the peritoneum using mesothelial or bone marrow–derived cells. Recent experimental trials in animal models and clinical studies are presented in this review.
Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans: Overlooked Entities?
Authors: Yung Susan , Tak Mao Chan 
Published: October 2020

♦ Background By virtue of their high net negative charge, glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans play pivotal roles in biologic processes such as cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, sequestration of growth factors, activation of chemokines and cytokines, and permselectivity of basement membranes. ♦ Methods The present article reviews the putative roles of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans in the peritoneal cavity during normal peritoneal homeostasis and chronic inflammation, the latter induced by constant exposure of the peritoneum to non-physiologic peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions. ♦ Results Glycosaminoglycans have been identified in the mesothelial glycocalyx, a slippery, non-adhesive layer that protects the peritoneal membrane from abrasion and infection. Dermatan sulfate proteoglycans can neutralize the activity of transforming growth factor β1 and can thus play an essential role in modulating peritoneal fibrosis. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans play a crucial role in the sequestration of growth factors; they also modulate selective permeability of proteins across the peritoneal cavity. Reduced expression of perlecan, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan of the basement membrane, is observed in peritoneal biopsies obtained from established PD patients, consequent to prolonged exposure to the elevated glucose concentrations in conventional PD solutions. Supplementation of PD fluids with glycosaminoglycans has been shown to be beneficial to both the structural and functional integrity of the peritoneum. ♦ Conclusions Recent advances in the field of glycobiology have revealed a multitude of biologic processes that are controlled or influenced by glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. Altered synthesis of these macromolecules during PD has serious implications for the peritoneal transport of proteins, host defense, wound healing, inflammation, and fibrosis.
Rational Choice of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter
Authors: Dell'Aquila Roberto , Chiaramonte Stefano , Rodighiero Maria Pia , Spano’ Emilia , Di Loreto Pierluigi , Kohn Catalina Ocampo , Cruz Dinna , Polanco Natalia , Kuang Dingwei , Corradi Valentina , Massimo De Cal , Ronco Claudio 
Published: October 2020

The peritoneal catheter should be a permanent and safe access to the peritoneal cavity. Catheter-related problems are often the cause of permanent transfer to hemodialysis (HD) in up to 20% of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients; in some cases, these problems require a temporary period on HD. Advances in connectology have reduced the incidence of peritonitis, and so catheter-related complications during PD have become a major concern. In the last few years, novel techniques have emerged in the field of PD: new dialysis solutions, better connectology, and cyclers for automated PD. However, extracorporeal dialysis has continued to improve in terms of methods and patient survival, but PD has failed to do so. The main reason is that peritoneal access has remained problematical. The peritoneal catheter is the major obstacle to widespread use of PD. Overcoming catheter-related problems means giving a real chance to development of the peritoneal technique. Catheters should be as efficient, safe, and acceptable as possible. Since its introduction in the mid-1960s, the Tenckhoff catheter has not become obsolete: dozens of new models have been proposed, but none has significantly reduced the predominance of the first catheter. No convincing prospective data demonstrate the superiority of any peritoneal catheter, and so it seems that factors other than choice of catheter are what affect survival and complication rates. Efforts to improve peritoneal catheter survival and complication rates should probably focus on factors other than the choice of catheter. The present article provides an overview of the characteristics of the best-known peritoneal catheters.