bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using microcontrollers and sensors to build an inexpensive CO2 control system for growth chambers
Authors: Chen Haoran , Markham John 
Published: October 2020

PREMISEA CO2 control system is important for investigating how elevated CO2 affects plant growth. Our automatic CO2 monitoring and control system offers an inexpensive and flexible way to make CO2‐enriched environments.METHOD AND RESULTSUsing microcontrollers paired with non‐dispersive infrared CO2 sensors, relays, and valves, we developed a low‐cost system for monitoring and controlling CO2 levels in growth chambers.CONCLUSIONSCompared with existing commercially available CO2 control systems, Arduino‐based microcontrollers offer affordable access to the data logging of CO2 levels in growth chambers, thereby reducing budget limitations for creating growth conditions with highly controlled CO2 concentrations.
Photo‐induced sp3 C−H bond arylation, cyanation and nitroalkylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) under visible light irradiation using a combination of NHPI and Rose Bengal
Authors: Patil Mahendra R. , Shah Jagrut , Kumar A. Vijay , Kapdi Anant R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work reports a sustainable protocol for α‐arylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) with aryl diazonium salts using a combination of a cheap and stable oxidant, N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI), and an inexpensive dye photosensitizer, Rose Bengal (RB), for the first time. The reaction was performed at ambient temperature using green LED light irradiation under an oxygen atmosphere. The developed α‐arylation protocol shows a diverse substrate scope for various THIQs and aryl diazonium salts. The work also explores nitroalkylation and cyanation under the developed reaction conditions. A possible SET mechanism is involved which was confirmed by ESI‐MS analysis of the reaction mixture.
Electrochemical Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Enaminones and Thiophenols to Construct C−S Bonds
Authors: Lu Fangling , Zhang Kan , Wang Xiaoyu , Yao Yanxiu , Li Liangsen , Hu Jianguo , Lu Lijun , Gao Ziwei , Lei Aiwen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn electrochemical oxidative C(sp2)‐H sulfuration has been developed. Various enaminones and thiophenols were compatible, generating the desired alkenyl sulfur compounds in up to 87 % yield. This transformation proceeded smoothly under mild reaction conditions without external oxidant and transition‐metal catalyst. Remarkably, thiophenols selectively coupled with enamines when substrates had other alkenyl groups. In addition, the desired products could be further transformed into a series of α‐sulfur isoxazoles, which are a kind of useful heterocycles in materials and bioactive molecules.
Complex Interplay Between Cognitive Ability and Social Motivation in Predicting Social Skill: A Unique Role for Social Motivation in Children With Autism
Authors: Itskovich Elena , Zyga Olena , Libove Robin A. , Phillips Jennifer M. , Garner Joseph P. , Parker Karen J. 
Published: October 2020

Impairment in social interaction is a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the factors which contribute to this social skill deficiency are poorly understood. Previous research has shown that cognitive ability can impact social skill development in ASD. Yet, children with ASD whose cognitive abilities are in the normal range nevertheless demonstrate deficits in social skill. More recently, the social motivation theory of ASD has emerged as a framework by which to understand how failure to seek social experiences may lead to social skill deficits. This study was designed to better understand the relationships between cognitive ability, social motivation, and social skill in a well‐characterized cohort of children with ASD (n = 79), their unaffected siblings (n = 50), and unrelated neurotypical controls (n = 60). The following instruments were used: The Stanford‐Binet intelligence quotient (IQ), the Social Responsiveness Scale's Social Motivation Subscale, and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales' Socialization Standard Score. We found that lower cognitive ability contributed to diminished social skill, but did so universally in all children. In contrast, social motivation strongly predicted social skill only in children with ASD, such that those with the lowest social motivation exhibited the greatest social skill impairment. Notably, this relationship was observed across a large range of intellectual ability but was most pronounced in those with IQs ≥ 80. These findings establish a unique link between social motivation and social skill in ASD and support the hypothesis that low social motivation may impair social skill acquisition in this disorder, particularly in children without intellectual disability.Lay SummaryThe relationships between cognitive ability, social motivation, and social skill are poorly understood. Here we report that cognitive ability predicts social skill in all children, whereas social motivation predicts social skill only in children with autism. These results establish a unique link between social motivation and social skill in autism, and suggest that low social motivation may impair social skill acquisition in this disorder, particularly in those without intellectual disability.
Full factorial study of pipe characteristics, stagnation times, and water quality
Authors: Tolofari Dienye L. , Masters Sheldon V. , Bartrand Tim , Hamilton Kerry A. , Haas Charles N. , Olson Mira , Summers R. Scott , Rasheduzzaman Md , Young Audrey , Singh Rajveer , Gurian Patrick L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study examines the effect of pipe characteristics and stagnation time on nitrification, disinfectant loss, and organic carbon concentrations. Pipe racks consisting of different pipe materials (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride [CPVC], cross‐linked polyethylene [PEX‐B], and copper), diameters (0.75 and 0.5 in.), and water stagnation times (1 week and 12 hr) were set up in two cities with different disinfectants (chloramine and free chlorine) and different corrosion control (orthophosphate vs. pH/alkalinity adjustment). Copper pipe material had lower residual concentrations relative to plastic pipe in both water systems. In the chloramine system, residual concentrations were lower for smaller‐diameter pipes, whereas diameter did not strongly influence residual concentration in the chlorine system. Total organic carbon (TOC) increased during stagnation in the chloramine system. Nitrification was observed in the chloramine system for stagnation times of 1 week and 12 hr, indicating that flushing as frequently as every 12 hr may not be an effective mechanism for nitrification control in building plumbing.
BIM‐basierte Kollaboration
Authors: Baumgärtel Lukas , Schönbach Robin , Hartung Robert , Ruwoldt Alexander , Klemt‐Albert Katharina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjektbasierte, digitale 3‐D‐Bauwerksmodelle dienen bei Anwendung der Methode Building Information Modeling als zentrale Informationsquelle für alle Projektbeteiligten und stehen damit auch im Besprechungswesen von Bauprojekten immer mehr im Mittelpunkt. Für die Durchführung modellbasierter Planungsbesprechungen gibt es jedoch kaum Orientierungsmöglichkeiten und Standards, welche eindeutige Ablaufstrukturen, Rollenverteilungen sowie grundlegende IT‐Anforderungen der Räume für digitale Besprechungskonzepte betreffen. Die Potenziale der modellbasierten Kollaboration durch die Einführung der Methode BIM bleiben somit oft ungenutzt. Der vorliegende Aufsatz greift die Prozess‐ und Randbedingungen der BIM‐Methodik und Einflussgrößen des Besprechungswesens auf, stellt die Erprobung digitaler Planungsbesprechungen in Projektszenarien anhand von drei Praxisbeispielen dar und zeigt als Ergebnis der Analyse dieser Szenarien ein phasenorientiertes innovatives Ablaufkonzept zur integralen Vorbereitung, Durchführung und Nachbereitung einer modellbasierten Planungsbesprechung inkl. eindeutiger Rollenverteilung sowie Empfehlungen zu Anforderungen an Datenmanagement, Raumausstattung und IT.
Medicinal plants and bioactive natural compounds as inhibitors ofHMG‐CoAreductase: A literature review
Authors: Mahdavi Atena , Bagherniya Mohammad , Fakheran Omid , Reiner Željko , Xu Suowen , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the most important causes for mortality worldwide. Elevated levels of total cholesterol, and particularly LDL‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) are the main risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and ischemic heart disease. The risk of CVDs could be reduced by decreasing the elevated cholesterol levels. β‐hydroxy β‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase (HMGCoAR) is the primary and rate‐limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Recently, the crucial role of nutraceuticals in maintaining normal physiological function was established. Nutraceuticals play an important role in preventing several non‐communicable diseases such as obesity, CVDs, cancer, diabetes, and reducing hyperlipidemia. Although the effect of nutraceuticals and herbal medicine on CVDs and dyslipidemia was previously investigated thoroughly, the effect of these natural products on HMGCoAR as one of the important enzymes involved in CVDs etiopathogenesis has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the major aim of this paper was to review the effects of nutraceuticals and medicinal plants on HMGCoAR. Results indicate that different types of natural foods, isolated nutrients, herbal products, and dietary supplements as nutraceuticals decrease the expression and activity of HMGCoAR. This review shows that medicinal plants and nutraceuticals could be used to decrease HMGCoAR activity as accessible and convenient and economical natural compounds to prevent dyslipidemia and CVDs.
Dissolvable Gelatin‐Based Microcarriers Generated through Droplet Microfluidics for Expansion and Culture of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Ng Ee Xien , Wang Ming , Neo Shu Hui , Tee Ching Ann , Chen Chia‐Hung , Van Vliet Krystyn J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMicrocarriers are synthetic particles used in bioreactor‐based cell manufacturing of anchorage‐dependent cells to promote proliferation at efficient physical volumes, mainly by increasing the surface area‐to‐volume ratio. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are adherent cells that are used for numerous clinical trials of autologous and allogeneic cell therapy, thus requiring avenues for large‐scale cell production at efficiently low volumes and cost. Here, a dissolvable gelatin‐based microcarrier is developed for MSC expansion. This novel microcarrier shows comparable cell attachment efficiency and proliferation rate when compared to several commercial microcarriers, but with higher harvesting yield due to the direct dissolution of microcarrier particles and thus reduced cell loss at the cell harvesting step. Furthermore, gene expression and in vitro differentiation suggest that MSCs cultured on gelatin microcarriers maintain trilineage differentiation with similar adipogenic differentiation efficiency and higher chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation efficiency when compared to MSCs cultured on 2D planar polystyrene tissue culture flask; on the contrary, MSCs cultured on conventional microcarriers appear to be bipotent along osteochondral lineages whereby adipogenic differentiation potential is impeded. These results suggest that these gelatin microcarriers are suitable for MSC culture and expansion, and can also potentially be extended for other types of anchorage‐dependent cells.
Enhancing the Nucleolytic Resistance and Bioactivity of Functional Nucleic Acids by Diverse Nanostructures through in Situ Polymerization‐Induced Self‐assembly
Authors: Yang Lu , Liang Mingwei , Cui Cheng , Li Xiaowei , Li Long , Pan Xiaoshu , Yazd Hoda Safari , Hong Min , Lu Jianrong , Cao Y. Charles , Tan Weihong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFunctional nucleic acids (FNAs) are garnering tremendous interest owing to their high modularity and unique bioactivity. Three‐dimensional FNAs have been developed to overcome the issues of nuclease degradation and limited cell uptake. We have developed a new facile approach to the synthesis of multiple three‐dimensional FNA nanostructures by harnessing photo‐polymerization‐induced self‐assembly. Sgc8 aptamer and CpG oligonucleotide were modified as macro chain‐transfer reagents to mediate in situ polymerization and self‐assembly. Diverse structures, including micelles, rods, and short worms, afford these two FNAs afford these two FNAs with higher nuclease resistance in serum serum, greater cellular uptake efficiency, and increased bioactivity.
Confined Ru Nanocatalysts on Surface to Enhance Ammonia Synthesis: An In situ ETEM Study
Authors: Ding Jia , Wang Lizhuo , Wu Ping , Li Ang , Li Wei , Stampfl Catherine , Liao Xiaozhou , Haynes Brian S. , Han Xiaodong , Huang Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAmmonia is an important feedstock for producing fertilizer and chemicals as well as is also a potential energy carrier. Generally, MgO is considered as an electronic promoter for Ru catalysts in ammonia synthesis. In this research, it was found for the first time that surface atoms of Ru particles are stabilized by MgO modification at high temperature and reaction atmosphere, which contained more highly active B5‐sites for ammonia synthesis.Ex situHRTEM images show similar Ru nanoparticles containing steps with or without promoters. Under reaction temperatures and gas environment,in situenvironmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) observe that Ru particles without MgO promoter suffer from dynamic change and lost the B5‐sites on Ru steps, which results in the poor ammonia yield obtained by both the continuing‐flow reaction system. While MgO modification can stabilize the Ru surface structure and keep B5‐sites there, which contributes to the much higher ammonia yield. Density functional theory calculations show that B5‐site is a catalytic active center for ammonia synthesis and the N2dissociation barrier on B5‐site containing step is lower than B5‐site‐free step on Ru nanoparticles. The finding provides a new explanation for the high activity of MgO modified Ru catalysts. Moreover, adding CsOxwith MgO will contribute electron donation to stabilized Ru surface and accelerate the ammonia synthesis with five‐fold higher than MgO−Ru/MS at 500 °C. A better fundamental understanding of the dynamics of Ru catalysts and its reaction mechanism in this research is vital for optimizing the design of catalysts for ammonia synthesis.
Sulfur Precursor Reactivity Affecting the Crystal Phase and Morphology of Cu2−xS Nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Lihui , Hu Haifeng , Chen Yuzhou , Li Yuan , Gao Jing , Li Guohua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFor plasmonic copper‐deficient Cu2−xS nanoparticles (NPs), accurate control of the crystal phase and morphology is highly desirable as both of which are known to determine the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) wavelength and amplitude. Here, how the sulfur precursor reactivity in the synthesis of Cu2−xS NPs affects the resulting crystal phase and morphology is examined. Djurleite Cu1.94S, roxbyite Cu1.8S, digenite Cu1.8S as well as covellite CuS nanodisks were synthesized by using 1‐dodecanethiol, N,N‐dibutylthiourea, and crystal sulfur 1‐octadecene/oleylamine solutions and their crystal phase dependent LSPR properties were exhaustively discussed. In addition, crystal phase interconversion between covellite CuS and djurleite/roxbyite Cu2−xS was realized in the presence of the above sulfur precursors. On the other hand, djurleite Cu1.94S nanorods rather than nanodisks were prepared by replacing 1‐dodecanethiol with more reactive tert‐dodecanethiol. The structural and morphological Cu2−xS NPs here holds great promise in the application of photothermal therapy, photocatalysis, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and many others.
2′,4′‐BNA/LNA with 9‐(2‐Aminoethoxy)‐1,3‐diaza‐2‐oxophenoxazine Efficiently Forms Duplexes and Has Enhanced Enzymatic Resistance**
Authors: Kishimoto Yuki , Nakagawa Osamu , Fujii Akane , Yoshioka Kotaro , Nagata Tetsuya , Yokota Takanori , Hari Yoshiyuki , Obika Satoshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractArtificial nucleic acids are widely used in various technologies, such as nucleic acid therapeutics and DNA nanotechnologies requiring excellent duplex‐forming abilities and enhanced nuclease resistance. 2′‐O,4′‐C‐Methylene‐bridged nucleic acid/locked nucleic acid (2′,4′‐BNA/LNA) with 1,3‐diaza‐2‐oxophenoxazine (BNAP (BH)) was previously reported. Herein, a novel BH analogue, 2′,4′‐BNA/LNA with 9‐(2‐aminoethoxy)‐1,3‐diaza‐2‐oxophenoxazine (G‐clamp), named BNAP‐AEO (BAEO), was designed. The BAEO nucleoside was successfully synthesized and incorporated into oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). ODNs containing BAEO possessed up to 104‐, 152‐, and 11‐fold higher binding affinities for complementary (c) RNA than those of ODNs containing 2′‐deoxycytidine (C), 2′,4′‐BNA/LNA with 5‐methylcytosine (L), or 2′‐deoxyribonucleoside with G‐clamp (PAEO), respectively. Moreover, duplexes formed by ODN bearing BAEO with cDNA and cRNA were thermally stable, even under molecular crowding conditions induced by the addition of polyethylene glycol. Furthermore, ODN bearing BAEO was more resistant to 3′‐exonuclease than ODNs with phosphorothioate linkages.
Discover the Post‐Translational Modification Proteome Using Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Ying , Fang Caiyun , Bao Huimin , Yuan Wenjuan , Lu Haojie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProtein post‐translational modifications (PTMs) are chemical modifications on proteins. PTMs play a key role in many cellular processes by influencing the structure of proteins and dynamically regulating their functions. Therefore, characterizing PTMs at proteome level is critical to provide invaluable insight into the functions of proteins underlying different biological processes. Advances in modern proteomics technologies including sample preparation, chromatography separation as well as mass spectrometry have propelled the PTMs proteome to further depths. During the past decade, to better examine the PTMs with high sensitivity and selectivity, our group have developed a series of MS‐based novel analytical approaches to study the protein PTMs. Herein, we mainly introduce these approaches developed by our group and discuss how to overcome the technical obstacles of studying various protein PTMs with mass spectrometry.
What is the most favorite and original method developed in your research group?The qualitative and quantitative approaches developed for analysis of PTM proteome.How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?I entered Fudan University in 2003, when the sequencing of human genome was just completed. At that time, the life science entered thepost‐genomic era, the era of proteomics. My post‐doctoral work is mainly based on mass spectrometry analysis, which is the core tool for proteome research. Therefore, I began to develop mass spectrometry‐based method for proteome research since then.What is the most important personality for scientific research?Creative, persistence, and collaboration.What's your hobbies?Playing badminton.
Therapeutic Strategies To Counteract Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA Biofilm‐Associated Infections
Authors: Cascioferro Stella , Carbone Daniela , Parrino Barbara , Pecoraro Camilla , Giovannetti Elisa , Cirrincione Girolamo , Diana Patrizia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as one of the leading causes of persistent human infections. This pathogen is widespread and is able to colonize asymptomatically about a third of the population, causing moderate to severe infections. It is currently considered the most common cause of nosocomial infections and one of the main causes of death in hospitalized patients. Due to its high morbidity and mortality rate and its ability to resist most antibiotics on the market, it has been termed a “superbug”. Its ability to form biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces seems to be the primarily means of MRSA antibiotic resistance and pervasiveness. Importantly, more than 80 % of bacterial infections are biofilm‐mediated. Biofilm formation on indwelling catheters, prosthetic devices and implants is recognized as the cause of serious chronic infections in hospital environments. In this review we discuss the most relevant literature of the last five years concerning the development of synthetic small molecules able to inhibit biofilm formation or to eradicate or disperse pre‐formed biofilms in the fight against MRSA diseases. The aim is to provide guidelines for the development of new anti‐virulence strategies based on the knowledge so far acquired, and, to identify the main flaws of this research field, which have hindered the generation of new market‐approved anti‐MRSA drugs that are able to act against biofilm‐associated infections
Unusual Solvatofluorochromism of the Asymmetrically Substituted Aromatic Acetylene Derivative CNAacDMA**
Authors: Bylińska Irena , Szabelski Mariusz , Wiczk Wiesław 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe photophysical properties of the newly synthesized unsymmetrically substituted aromatic acetylene derivative 9‐(2‐(4‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)phenyl)ethynyl)anthracene‐10‐carbonitrile (CNAacDMA) were investigated with the steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorometry. In saturated hydrocarbon solvents, only fluorescence from a locally‐excited state (LE) is recorded. In more polar solvents however, excitation of this dye leads to a charge transfer state (CT). In moderate polar solvents (ϵ=4–8) dual emission is observed as a result of competition between structural change and intramolecular charge transfer in the excited state. In polar solvents only one emission band, at shorter wavelength than CT emission, is observed, indicating a bidirectional solvatofluorochromism.
Oxygen‐Deficient Cobalt‐Based Oxides for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Badreldin Ahmed , Abusrafa Aya E. , Abdel‐Wahab Ahmed 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn apparent increased interest has been recently devoted towards the previously untrodden path for anionic point defect engineering of electrocatalytic surfaces. The role of vacancy engineering in improving photo‐ and electrocatalytic activities of transition metal oxides (TMOs) has been widely reported. In particular, oxygen vacancy modulation on electrocatalysts of cobalt‐based TMOs has seen a fresh spike of research work due to the substantial improvements they have shown towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Oxygen vacancy engineering is an effective scheme to quintessentially tune the electronic structure and charge transport, generate secondary active surface phases, and modify the surface adsorption/desorption behavior of reaction intermediates during water splitting. Based on contemporary efforts for inducing oxygen vacancies in a variety of cobalt oxide types, this work addresses facile and environmentally benign synthesis strategies, characterization techniques, and detailed insight into the intrinsic mechanistic modulation of electrocatalysts. It is our foresight that appropriate utilization of the principles discussed herein will aid researchers in rationally designing novel materials that can outperform noble metal‐based electrocatalysts. Ultimately, future electrocatalysis implementation for selective seawater splitting is believed to depend on regulating the surface chemistry of active and stable TMOs.