bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface States Enhanced Dynamic Schottky Diode Generator with Extremely High Power Density Over 1000 W m−2
Authors: Lin Shisheng , Shen Runjiang , Yao Tianyi , Lu Yanghua , Feng Sirui , Hao Zhenzhen , Zheng Haonan , Yan Yanfei , Li Erping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe overloaded energy cost has become the main concern of the now fast developing society, which make novel energy devices with high power density of critical importance to the sustainable development of human society. Herein, a dynamic Schottky diode based generator with ultrahigh power density of 1262.0 W m−2 for sliding Fe tip on rough p‐type silicon is reported. Intriguingly, the increased surface states after rough treatment lead to an extremely enhanced current density up to 2.7 × 105 A m−2, as the charged surface states can effectively accelerate the carriers through large atomic electric field, while the reflecting directions are regulated by the built‐in electric field of the Schottky barrier. This research provides an open avenue for utilizing the surface states in semiconductors in a subversive way, which can co‐utilize the atomic electric field and built‐in electric field to harvest energy from the mechanical movements, especially for achieving an ultrahigh current density power source.
Controlled Cellular Delivery of Amphiphilic Cargo by Redox‐Responsive Nanocontainers
Authors: de Vries Wilke C. , Kudruk Sergej , Grill David , Niehues Maximilian , Matos Anna Livia Linard , Wissing Maren , Studer Armido , Gerke Volker , Ravoo Bart Jan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe specific transport of amphiphilic compounds such as fluorescently labeled phospholipids into cells is a prerequisite for the analysis of highly dynamic cellular processes involving these molecules, e.g., the intracellular distribution and metabolism of phospholipids. However, cellular delivery remains a challenge as it should not affect the physiological integrity and morphology of the cell membrane. To address this, polymer nanocontainers based on redox‐responsive cyclodextrin (CD) amphiphiles are prepared, and their potential to deliver fluorescently labeled phospholipids to intracellular membrane compartments is analyzed. It is shown that mixtures of reductively degradable cyclodextrin amphiphiles and different phospholipids form liposome‐like vesicles (CD–lipid vesicles, CSSLV) with a homogeneous distribution of each lipid. Host–guest‐mediated self‐assembly of a cystamine‐crosslinked polymer shell on these CSSLV produces polymer‐shelled liposomal vesicles (PSSCSSLV) with the unique feature of a redox‐sensitive CSSLV core and reductively degradable polymer shell. PSSCSSLV show high stability and a redox‐sensitive release of the amphiphilic cargo. Live cell experiments reveal that the novel PSSCSSLV are readily internalized by primary human endothelial cells and that the reductive microenvironment of the cells' endosomes triggers the release of the amphiphilic cargo into the cytosol. Thus, PSSCSSLV represent a highly efficient system to transport lipid‐like amphiphilic cargo into the intracellular environment.
1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of β‐Fluoroalkyl Vinylsulfones and Nitrile Oxides for Fluoroalkylated Isoxazolines and Isoxazoles
Authors: Ou Zhi , Huang Qian , Kou Ying‐Da , Cheng Feng , Kalita Subarna Jyoti , Zhao Zhen‐Ni , Huang Yi‐Yong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of β‐fluoroalkyl vinylsulfones and nitrile oxides to deliver 5‐fluoroalkyl‐3‐substituted 2‐isoxazolines has been established under mild conditions in up to 85% yield with excellent regio‐ and diastereoselectivities (all d.r. >99 : 1), and thus facilitated rapid access to 5‐fluoroalkyl‐3‐Ph‐2‐isoxazoles by DBU‐mediated elimination of the pyridyl sulfone group.
Fabrication of microcellular polylactide/modified silica nanocomposite foams
Authors: Jeong Eun Jin , Park Chang Kyu , Kim Seong Hun 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTMicrocellular polylactide (PLA)/modified‐silica (m‐silica) nanocomposite foams were prepared in a batch process using supercritical carbon dioxide as physical blowing agent. To enhance the dispersion in the PLA matrix, silica nanoparticles were modified by dodecyltrichlorosilane) and were melt compounded with PLA using a twin‐screw extruder. PLA/m‐silica nanocomposites with m‐silica contents of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 5 wt % were obtained. The incorporation of m‐silica nanoparticles in PLA enhanced the thermal and mechanical properties of PLA. The resultant foams were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and average cell diameter and cell density were calculated using SEM micrographs. The incorporation of m‐silica nanoparticles into the PLA matrix had the effect of decreasing the cell diameter and increasing the cell uniformity and cell density. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48616.
Burden of major depressive disorder and quality of life among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder in urban bangladesh
Authors: Naheed Aliya , Islam Md. Saimul , Hossain Saima Wazed , Ahmed Helal Uddin , Uddin M. M. Jalal , Tofail Fahmida , Hamadani Jena Derakhshani , Hussain A. H. M. Enayet , Munir Kerim 
Published: October 2019

This cross‐sectional study examined the burden of depression and quality of life (QoL) among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) attending six schools offering special educational services for children with ASD in urban Dhaka, Bangladesh. All consenting mothers were 18 years of age and older and met criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) on the Structured Interview for DSM‐V‐TR Research Version‐non patient edition administered by trained raters. QoL was assessed by the EuroQol five‐dimensional standardized questionnaire. MDD was diagnosed in 45% of mothers and was proportionally higher among those who did not work outside the home, had no childcare support at home, expressed low level of satisfaction with the quality of providers when they had sought care for their children with ASD, and reported being recipient of negative attitudes from neighbors toward their children with ASD. QoL was negatively associated with MDD, mothers' illness, and low satisfaction with the health care providers for children with ASD, as well as experiencing a negative attitude by neighbors toward their children. QoL was positively associated with the reported family monthly income and improvement of the children with ASD on school attendance. The prevalence of MDD among mothers of children with ASD was high and associated with poor QoL. Integrating mental health services and supports for mothers in the ASD care of children is likely to address the high burden of depression they face, and improve their overall quality of life. Autism Res 2020, 13: 284–297. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThe levels of depression were assessed among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) attending six schools offering special educational services for children with ASD in urban Dhaka, Bangladesh. Almost one in two mothers was found to have major depression. The quality of life of these mothers was generally poor. Integrating mental health services for mothers with ASD care in children is likely to address the burden of depression among the mothers of children with ASD and improve overall quality of life.
Inactivation of Horseradish Peroxidase by Acid for Sequential Chemiluminescent Western Blot
Authors: Han Shuting , Cui Yan , Helbing Dario L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChemiluminescent western blot (WB) is often performed sequentially for detection of overlapping proteins; in between, prior antibodies must be stripped or the conjugated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) inactivated. However, often, stripping either is insufficient to remove all the bound antibodies or causes protein loss, whereas treatment with hydrogen peroxide, a popular way to inactivate HRP, may affect epitope recognition as the authors previously reported. To date, an ideal method for sequential chemiluminescent WB is still missing. Here it is demonstrated that acid equivalent to 10% acetic acid can efficiently inactivate HRP, allowing sequential probing without protein loss or epitope damage.
Electrochemical Oxidation of d‐Glucose in Alkaline Medium: Impact of Oxidation Potential and Chemical Side Reactions on the Selectivity to d‐Gluconic and d‐Glucaric Acid
Authors: Moggia Giulia , Kenis Thomas , Daems Nick , Breugelmans Tom 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe electrocatalytic oxidation of d‐glucose was studied in alkaline medium on copper, platinum, and gold electrodes with particular emphasis on the synthesis of a high value‐added product: glucaric acid. An initial ranking of the three different materials, with respect to their electrochemical activity towards glucose oxidation, was performed utilizing cyclic voltammetry. To determine which functional group can react on which metal, cyclic voltammetry experiments were performed in three different solutions containing 0.04 M gluconic acid, glucuronic acid, or glucaric acid in 0.1 M aqueous NaOH. The observations drawn based on these initial experiments were then verified by analyzing the product solutions (obtained after prolonged electrolysis experiments) with HPLC analysis. The oxidation of glucose on copper at high potentials leads predominantly to C−C cleavage products, mainly formic acid, with a selectivity of 54.2 %; whereas, at lower potentials, the oxidation of the aldehyde group on C1 and of the hydroxymethyl group on C6 produces moderate yields of gluconic and glucaric acid. On platinum, the oxidation of the aldehyde group on C1 is the most relevant process; therefore, the selectivity towards gluconic acid obtained is as high as 78.4 %. Nevertheless, at lower potentials, a higher selectivity to glucaric acid (12.6 %) and a lower selectivity to gluconic acid (68.0 %) are the result of a more effective oxidation of also the hydroxymethyl group on C6. Gold is the most active and selective electrocatalyst of the ones examined in this work. On gold, at lower potentials, the oxidation of the aldehyde group on C1 produces 86.6 % of selectivity to gluconic acid while, at higher potentials, the oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group on C6 also takes place, promoting the further oxidation to glucaric acid (13.5 % of selectivity is reached after 65 h of reaction at 5 °C, with a residual gluconic acid equal to 65.8 %). The demonstrated dependence of the selectivity on the oxidation potential suggests new future perspectives for the electrocatalytic oxidation of d‐glucose to d‐glucaric acid on bare metal electrodes. Moreover, the low selectivity of this process, very often claimed in literature, has been ascribed here for the first time to two chemical processes, which are in competition with the electrochemical one and both consume the reactant and promote the formation of undesired side‐products.
Selective Hydrogenation of Furfural in a Proton Exchange Membrane Reactor Using Hybrid Pd/Pd Black on Alumina
Authors: Carl Sarah , Waldrop Krysta , Pintauro Peter , Thompson Levi T. , Tarpeh William A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture are the groups of Dr. Peter Pintauro (Vanderbilt University, Tennessee, USA), Dr. Levi Thompson (University of Delaware, Delaware, USA), and Dr. William Tarpeh (Stanford University, California, USA). The cover picture shows the controlled variation of furfural hydrogenation product speciation based on varying cathode formulations of hybrid Pd black and Pd on alumina support. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/celc.201901314.
gem‐Dichlorocyclopropanation of Dicarbonyl Derivatives
Authors: Batista Gabriel M. F. , De Castro Pedro P. , Carpanez Arthur G. , Horta Bruno A. C. , Amarante Giovanni W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA novel methodology for the 1,1‐dichlorocyclopropanation of dicarbonyl conjugated olefins was described. The developed protocol is simple and uses readily accessible starting materials, allowing the isolation of the desired adducts in moderate to excellent yields (up to 99 %). Furthermore, the reaction tolerated scale up to the gram scale; thus highlighting the synthetic potential of this transformation. Control experiments and DFT studies revealed that the reaction proceeded through a Michael‐initiated ring‐closure process, in which reaction temperature played a crucial role. Finally, these gem‐dichlorocyclopropanes were also employed in the preparation of a trisubstituted naphthyl derivative and a diastereoselective reduction was also demonstrated.
Ferrocenyl‐Pyrenes, Ferrocenyl‐9,10‐Phenanthrenediones, and Ferrocenyl‐9,10‐Dimethoxyphenanthrenes: Charge‐Transfer Studies and SWCNT Functionalization
Authors: Preuß Andrea , Notz Sebastian , Kovalski Eduard , Korb Marcus , Blaudeck Thomas , Hu Xiao , Schuster Jörg , Miesel Dominique , Rüffer Tobias , Hildebrandt Alexander , Schreiter Katja , Spange Stefan , Schulz Stefan E. , Lang Heinrich 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of 1‐Fc‐ (3), 1‐Br‐6‐Fc‐ (5 a), 2‐Br‐7‐Fc‐ (7 a), 1,6‐Fc2‐ (5 b), 2,7‐Fc2‐pyrene (7 b), 3,6‐Fc2‐9,10‐phenanthrenedione (10), and 3,6‐Fc2‐9,10‐dimethoxyphenanthrene (12; Fc=Fe(η5‐C5H4)(η5‐C5H5)) is discussed. Of these compounds, 10 and 12 form 1D or 2D coordination polymers in the solid state. (Spectro)Electrochemical studies confirmed reversible Fc/Fc+ redox events between −130 and 160 mV. 1,6‐ and 2,7‐Substitution in 5 a (E°′=−130 mV) and 7 a (E°′=50 mV) influences the redox potentials, whereas the ones of 5 b and 7 b (E°′=20 mV) are independent. Compounds 5 b, 7 b, 10, and 12 show single Fc oxidation processes with redox splittings between 70 and 100 mV. UV/Vis/NIR spectroelectrochemistry confirmed a weak electron transfer between FeII/FeIII in mixed‐valent [5 b]+ and [12]+. DFT calculations showed that 5 b non‐covalently interacts with the single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) sidewalls as proven by, for example, disentangling experiments. In addition, CV studies of the as‐obtained dispersions confirmed exohedral attachment of 5 b at the SWCNTs.
Einfluss der Genauigkeit der Reaktionskinetik auf die simulationsgestützte Auslegung von Blasensäulen
Authors: Rieth Iris , Grünewald Marcus 
Published: October 2019

AbstractZur simulationsgestützten Auslegung von Blasensäulen werden neben der Fluiddynamik auch Beschreibungen des Stoffübergangs und der Reaktion benötigt. Diese Informationen sind in der Literatur mit Ungenauigkeiten behaftet. Der Einfluss der Genauigkeit der Reaktionskinetik auf die Auslegung von Blasensäulen wird anhand eines radial auflösenden Compartmentmodells untersucht und den Simulationsergebnissen eines axialen Dispersionsmodells gegenübergestellt.
Smoking cessation after hospitalization for myocardial infarction or cardiac surgery: Assessing patient interest, confidence, and physician prescribing practices
Authors: Riley Hayden , Ainani Nitesh , Turk Ahmad , Headley Samuel , Szalai Heidi , Stefan Mihaela , Lindenauer Peter K. , Pack Quinn R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrioritizing and managing multiple behavior changes following a cardiac hospitalization can be difficult, particularly among smokers who must also overcome a serious addiction.HypothesisHospitalized smokers will report a strong interest in smoking cessation (SC) but will receive little assistance from their physicians.MethodsWe asked current smokers hospitalized for an acute cardiac event to prioritize their health behavior priorities, and inquired about their attitude toward SC therapies. We also assessed SC cessation prescriptions provided by their physicians.ResultsOf the 105 patients approached, 81 (77%) completed the survey. Of these, 72.5% ranked SC as their greatest health change priority, surpassing all other behavior changes, including: taking medications, attending cardiac rehabilitation (CR), dieting, losing weight, and attending doctor appointments. Patients felt that SCM (44%), CR (41%), and starting exercise (35%) would increase their likelihood for SC. While most patients agreed that smoking was harmful, 16% strongly disagreed that smoking was related to their hospitalization. At discharge, medication was prescribed to ~32% of patients, with equal frequency among patients who reported interest and those who reported no interest in using medications.ConclusionThe majority of hospitalized smokers with cardiac disease want to quit smoking, desire help in doing so, and overwhelmingly rate cessation as their highest health behavior priority, although some believe smoking is unrelated to their disease. The period following an acute cardiac event appears to be a time of great receptivity to SC interventions; however, rates of providing tailored, evidence‐based interventions are disappointingly low.
Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Percutaneous Absorption Across Human Skin Using BAY1003803 Formulated as Ointment and Cream
Authors: Günther Clemens , Kowal Kristin , Schmidt Timm , Jambrecina Alen , Toner Frank , Nave Rüdiger 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDirect comparisons between skin absorption data and clinical pharmacokinetic data are rare. Here we use the lipophilic nonsteroidal selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist BAY1003803 to make such a comparison. The objective is to find the extent to which measurements of skin permeation in vitro can be used to predict the corresponding permeation in vivo for human pharmacokinetics of topically applied substances. BAY1003803 was prepared in various formulations: ointment, hydrophilic cream, lipophilic cream, and milk. Its ability to permeate healthy human skin was measured in vitro in static diffusion cells, and percutaneous absorption as well as dermal delivery was measured thereafter, for 2 selected formulations, in vivo in healthy volunteers. Absorption in vivo comparing ointment and lipophilic cream was correlated with expectation based on the dermal delivery obtained in vitro. A 2.17‐fold higher systemic exposure to BAY1003803 was achieved by the ointment formulation. This is well in line with the predicted exposure difference of 2.74 based on the in vitro data. In conclusion, in vitro skin absorption studies using human skin are suitable for the prediction of systemic exposure and formulation effects in vivo; they can therefore be applied to guide the design of clinical investigations of dermatological preparations.
Isolation and Analysis of Mouse and Human Skin γδ T Cells
Authors: Gargas Shannon , Bshara‐Corson Savannah , Cruz Michelle , Jameson Julie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSkin‐resident and infiltrating γδ T lymphocytes are components of the cutaneous immune system that provide the first line of defense against pathogens and the environment. Research that employs the isolation and culture of T cells from murine and human skin can help delineate the molecular and cellular mechanisms utilized by T lymphocytes in skin‐specific immunity. However, obtaining high numbers of T cells from epithelial tissue without resorting to long‐term culture or transformation can be difficult. Here, specific approaches are described for the isolation and culture of γδ T lymphocytes from murine skin and human skin explant cultures. In addition, a protocol to assess the morphology and activation of epidermal γδ T cells in situ using immunofluorescent microscopy is detailed. These techniques can be used to analyze resident and infiltrating γδ T lymphocytes in the skin via flow cytometry, RNA‐seq, or proteomics to further study inflammatory diseases, cancer, or autoimmunity. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Isolation, culture, and analysis of γδ T cells from murine epidermisBasic Protocol 2: Examination of γδ T cells in epidermal sheets to assess activation and morphologyBasic Protocol 3: Preparation of human skin explant cultures for analysis of skin T cellsSupport Protocol 1: Counting live cells with hemocytometerSupport Protocol 2: Preparing a Matrigel
Simple CRISPR‐Cas9 Genome Editing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Laughery Marian F. , Wyrick John J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCRISPR‐Cas9 has emerged as a powerful method for editing the genome in a wide variety of species, since it can generate a specific DNA break when targeted by the Cas9‐bound guide RNA. In yeast, Cas9‐targeted DNA breaks are used to promote homologous recombination with a mutagenic template DNA, in order to rapidly generate genome edits (e.g., DNA substitutions, insertions, or deletions) encoded in the template DNA. Since repeated Cas9‐induced DNA breaks select against unedited cells, Cas9 can be used to generate marker‐free genome edits. Here, we describe a simple protocol for constructing Cas9‐expressing plasmids containing a user‐designed guide RNA, as well as protocols for using these plasmids for efficient genome editing in yeast. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Constructing the guide RNA expression vectorBasic Protocol 2: Preparing double‐stranded oligonucleotide repair templateAlternate Protocol 1: Preparing a single‐stranded oligonucleotide repair templateBasic Protocol 3: Induce genome editing by co‐transformation of yeastBasic Protocol 4: Screening for edited cellsBasic Protocol 5: Removing sgRNA/CAS9 expression vectorAlternate Protocol 2: Removing pML107‐derived sgRNA/CAS9 expression vector
Melting of strongly coupled, negatively charged, two‐dimensional dust cluster: The role of charge fluctuation amplitude
Authors: Issaad M. , Djebli M. , Derouiche Y. , Helifa B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStructural and melting characteristics are investigated for negatively charged dust particles in the presence of a two‐dimensional electrostatic parabolic confinement potential. For a restricted number of dust particles that are subject to the permanent flow of electrons and ions, numerical simulation is conducted taking into account the random charge fluctuation. The amplitude of the charge fluctuation affects the ground‐state configuration and melting characteristics of a finite number of particles interacting through Coulomb potential. The melting temperature decreases when the amplitude of the charge fluctuation increases as a result of particles' strong repulsive interaction.
Investigation of unstable motion characteristics of vacuum arc cathode spots between transverse magnetic field contacts
Authors: Pang Xianhai , Yang Junfei , Jing Hao , Xiu Shixin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWith the improvement of the current level of power grids, the requirements of the opening level of the vacuum switches are also increasing. Vacuum arc cathode spots provide steam and electrons and, to a certain extent, determine the opening capacity of the vacuum switch. In this paper, a vacuum arc cathode spot research platform based on the de‐mountable vacuum chamber is constructed. The characteristics of the vacuum arc cathode spots under the transverse magnetic field (TMF) contacts are assessed by a high‐speed charge coupled device. The experimental results show that the cathode spot diffusion process can be divided into three processes through cathode spot distribution, arc voltage and current: initial diffusion stage of cathode spots, unstable motion stage of cathode spots, and extinguishing stage. The motion mode of cathode spots during unstable motion stage can be divided into cathode spots group stagnation (CSGS) to multi‐cathode jet (MCJ) switch mode, cathode spots group motion (CSGM) to MCJ switch mode, CSGM mode, and MCJ mode. The effects of peak current and contact diameter on unstable motion mode were analysed.