bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DLX6-AS1: An Indispensable Cancer-related Long Non-coding RNA
Authors: Hu Chengyu , Liu Kai , Wang Bei , Xu Wen , Lin Yexiang , Yuan Chengfu 
Published: October 2020

Background:
There is increasing evidence that lncRNA, a type of transcript that is over 200 nucleotides
in length and may serve as oncogenes or suppressor genes, is implicated in the pathophysiology of human
diseases. In particular, tumorigenesis and progress are closely correlated with its abnormal expression. In addition,
it may become a promising target for many oncology biotherapies. Abnormal DLX6-AS1 expression affects
different cellular processes such as proliferation, aggression and metastasis. This review aims to probe into
the pathophysiological functions and molecular mechanisms of DLX6-AS1 in various cancers.

Methods:
By retrieving the literature, this review summarizes the biological function and mechanism of
LncRNA DLX6-AS1 in tumor occurrence.

Results:
The lncRNA DLX6-AS1 is a new tumor-related RNA that has recently been found to be aberrantly
expressed in diverse cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, osteosarcoma, non-small cell lung cancer, gastric carcinoma,
glioma, hepatocellular cancer, colorectal carcinoma, renal carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell cancer,
ovarian cancer, Ewing sarcoma, cervical cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, neuroblastoma, pulmonary adenocarcinoma,
nasopharyngeal carcinoma, squamous laryngeal cancer and bladder cancer, etc. Meanwhile, it is
identified that DLX6-AS1 regulates the aggression, translocation and proliferation of diverse cancers.

Conclusion:
LncRNA DLX6-AS1 may be viable markers in tumors or a potential therapeutic target for multiple
tumors.
Recognition of Ion Ligand Binding Sites Based on Amino Acid Features with the Fusion of Energy, Physicochemical and Structural Features
Authors: Wang Shan , Hu Xiuzhen , Feng Zhenxing , Liu Liu , Sun Kai , Xu Shuang 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Rational drug molecular design based on virtual screening requires the
ligand binding site to be known. Recently, the recognition of ion ligand binding site has become an
important research direction in pharmacology.

Methods:
In this work, we selected the binding residues of 4 acid radical ion ligands (NO2 -, CO3 2-, SO4 2- and PO4 3-) and 10 metal ion ligands (Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Na+, K+ and Co2+) as research objects. Based on the protein sequence information, we extracted amino acid features, energy, physicochemical, and structure features. Then, we incorporated the above features and input them into the MultilayerPerceptron (MLP) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms.

Results:
In the independent test, the best accuracy was higher than 92.5%, which was better than
the previous results on the same dataset. In addition, we found that energy information is an important
factor affecting the prediction results.

Conclusion:
Finally, we set up a free web server for the prediction of protein-ion ligand binding
sites (http://39.104.77.103:8081/lsb/HomePage/HomePage.html). This study is helpful for molecular
drug design.
The Protective Effect of Metformin against Oxandrolone-Induced Infertility in Male Rats
Authors: Abed Abdulqader Fadhil , Jarrar Yazun Bashir , Al-Ameer Hamzeh J , Al-Awaida Wajdy , Lee Su-Jun 
Published: October 2020

Background:Oxandrolone is a synthetic testosterone analogue that is widely used among bodybuilders and athletes. However, oxandrolone causes male infertility. Recently, it was found that metformin reduces the risk of infertility associated with diabetes mellitus.Aim:This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of metformin against oxandrolone-induced infertility in male rats.Methods:Rats continuously received one of four treatments (n=7) over 14 days: control DMSO administration, oxandrolone administration, metformin administration, or co-administration of oxandrolone and metformin. Doses were equivalent to those used for human treatment. Subsequently, testicular and blood samples were collected for morphological, biochemical, and histological examination. In addition, gene expression of the testosterone synthesizing enzyme CYP11A1 was analyzed in the testes using RT-PCR.Results:Oxandrolone administration induced male infertility by significantly reducing relative weights of testes by 48%, sperm count by 82%, and serum testosterone levels by 96% (ANOVA, P value < 0.05). In addition, histological examination determined that oxandrolone caused spermatogenic arrest which was associated with 2-fold downregulation of testicular CYP11A1 gene expression. However, co-administration of metformin with oxandrolone significantly ameliorated toxicological alterations induced by oxandrolone exposure (ANOVA, P value < 0.05).Conclusion:Metformin administration protected against oxandrolone-induced infertility in male rats. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm the protective effect of metformin against oxandrolone-induced infertility among athletes.
The Function of LncRNA FTX in Several Common Cancers
Authors: Lin Yexiang , Shen Yujie , Chen Jinlan , Hu Chengyu , Zhou Zixian , Yuan Chengfu 
Published: October 2020

Background:
LncRNA is a kind of non-coding RNA and its research is more popular in recent
years, which has more than 200 nucleotides. It plays a significant part in various biological functions, including
chromosome modification, genome modification, transcriptional activation, transcriptional interference, and
other processes. FTX, at the center of the X chromosome inactivation and it has been shown that lncRNA FTX
regulates cancer cells’ development, migration, and invasion in many studies.

Methods:
Relevant literatures were collected through PubMed system search and summarized.

Results:
LncRNA FTX abnormally increased in tumor cells, such as liver cancer, stomach cancer, leukemia, renal cell
carcinoma, colorectal cancer, glioma, osteosarcoma, etc. However, the expression level decreased in temporal lobe epilepsy,
liver cirrhosis, heart failure, etc.

Conclusion:
FTX may be an important regulatory factor and a potential therapeutic target in cancers.
The Relationship Between Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Health-Related Parameters and the Impact of COVID-19 on 24 Regions in India: Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rajkumar Ravi Philip 
Published: October 2020

Background
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has varied widely across nations and even in different regions of the same nation. Some of this variability may be due to the interplay of pre-existing demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors in a given population.

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the statistical associations between the statewise prevalence, mortality rate, and case fatality rate of COVID-19 in 24 regions in India (23 states and Delhi), as well as key demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related indices.

Methods
Data on disease prevalence, crude mortality, and case fatality were obtained from statistics provided by the Government of India for 24 regions, as of June 30, 2020. The relationship between these parameters and the demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related indices of the regions under study was examined using both bivariate and multivariate analyses.

Results
COVID-19 prevalence was negatively associated with male-to-female sex ratio (defined as the number of females per 1000 male population) and positively associated with the presence of an international airport in a particular state. The crude mortality rate for COVID-19 was negatively associated with sex ratio and the statewise burden of diarrheal disease, and positively associated with the statewise burden of ischemic heart disease. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that the COVID-19 crude mortality rate was significantly and negatively associated with sex ratio.

Conclusions
These results suggest that the transmission and impact of COVID-19 in a given population may be influenced by a number of variables, with demographic factors showing the most consistent association.
Machine-Learning Monitoring System for Predicting Mortality Among Patients With Noncancer End-Stage Liver Disease: Retrospective Study
Authors: Lin Yu-Jiun , Chen Ray-Jade , Tang Jui-Hsiang , Yu Cheng-Sheng , Wu Jenny L , Chen Li-Chuan , Chang Shy-Shin 
Published: October 2020

Background
Patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) have limited treatment options and have a deteriorated quality of life with an uncertain prognosis. Early identification of ESLD patients with a poor prognosis is valuable, especially for palliative care. However, it is difficult to predict ESLD patients that require either acute care or palliative care.

Objective
We sought to create a machine-learning monitoring system that can predict mortality or classify ESLD patients. Several machine-learning models with visualized graphs, decision trees, ensemble learning, and clustering were assessed.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using electronic medical records of patients from Wan Fang Hospital and Taipei Medical University Hospital. A total of 1214 patients from Wan Fang Hospital were used to establish a dataset for training and 689 patients from Taipei Medical University Hospital were used as a validation set.

Results
The overall mortality rate of patients in the training set and validation set was 28.3% (257/907) and 22.6% (145/643), respectively. In traditional clinical scoring models, prothrombin time-international normalized ratio, which was significant in the Cox regression (P<.001, hazard ratio 1.288), had a prominent influence on predicting mortality, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve reached approximately 0.75. In supervised machine-learning models, the concordance statistic of ROC curves reached 0.852 for the random forest model and reached 0.833 for the adaptive boosting model. Blood urea nitrogen, bilirubin, and sodium were regarded as critical factors for predicting mortality. Creatinine, hemoglobin, and albumin were also significant mortality predictors. In unsupervised learning models, hierarchical clustering analysis could accurately group acute death patients and palliative care patients into different clusters from patients in the survival group.

Conclusions
Medical artificial intelligence has become a cutting-edge tool in clinical medicine, as it has been found to have predictive ability in several diseases. The machine-learning monitoring system developed in this study involves multifaceted analyses, which include various aspects for evaluation and diagnosis. This strength makes the clinical results more objective and reliable. Moreover, the visualized interface in this system offers more intelligible outcomes. Therefore, this machine-learning monitoring system provides a comprehensive approach for assessing patient condition, and may help to classify acute death patients and palliative care patients. Upon further validation and improvement, the system may be used to help physicians in the management of ESLD patients.
Has the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Improved the Management of Acute Ureteric Colic?
Authors: Shanmugathas Nimlan , Khoo Christopher Charles , Kondjin-Smith Mitra , Hanna Milad , El-Husseiny Tamer , Dasgupta Ranan , Abboudi Hamid 
Published: October 2020

Objective The WHO declared SARS-CoV-2 a pandemic on 11th March 2020 prompting a rapid change to surgical practice. This study focuses on how the management of ureteric colic has adapted in a major tertiary referral unit during the peak of the pandemic so that lessons be can be learned in case a second wave occurs. Materials and Methods We compared admission rates and treatment patterns against national and European guidelines in 20 weeks, divided into pre- and peri-pandemic. Results A total of 72 patients were admitted during the study period. 64% (46/72) were admitted pre-pandemic. 22% (10/46) of these were septic (5 stented, 5 nephrostomized) while 20% (9/46) were managed conservatively. 59% (27/46) of pre-pandemic admissions were suitable for active treatment, of which 48% (13/27) received definitive treatment (11 ureteroscopy (URS), 2 shockwave lithotripsy (SWL)) all within 48 hours of admission. 52% (14/27) had temporising procedures (11 stented, 3 nephrostomized) and underwent definitive treatment within 63 days. Of the total patients, 36% (26/72) were admitted peri-pandemic. 23% (6/26) were septic (1 stent, 5 nephrostomized), while 31% (8/26) were managed conservatively. 46% (12/26) were suitable for active treatment. 75% (9/12) received definitive treatment (4 URS, 5 SWL) of which 33% (4/12) within 48 hours and the remaining treated and stone free within 12 days. 25% (3/12) had temporising procedures (2 stented, 1 nephrostomized), with the definitive treatment provided within 17 days. Conclusion Ureteric colic admissions were reduced by almost half during the pandemic. There has been increased primary treatment with a reduction in temporising procedures and time to receiving definitive treatment. In the ‘new normal,’ lessons learned must be carried forward to maintain high rates of definitive treatments.
Comparison Ability of Polymers Acrycoat S100 And HPMC K4M to Entrapment Efficiency Domperidone in Microspheres
Authors: Apridamayanti Pratiwi , Sinaga Nora Nurlina , Desnita Rise 
Published: October 2020

Domperidone is a prokinetic and antiemetic agent which has low bioavaibility. To increase the bioavaibility of drug, it can be modified into microsphere that can hold drug more longer in gastric to improve the bioavaibility. The microsphere preparation requires a polymer that can make matrix system to protect and deliver the drugs. Acrycoat S100 and HPMC K4M are the usual polymers that used for encapsulation and have biodegradable characteristic. The aim of this research is to know the comparison ability of two different polymers to entrapment the drug in microsphere. Microsphere domperidone made by solvent evaporation method in 6 formula. F1, F2 and F3 using 50 mg, 100 mg and 150 mg Acrycoat S100 polymer, while F4, F5 and F6 using 50 mg, 100 mg and 150 mg HPMC K4m polymer. The tests were conducted by the determination of the percentage of entrapment efficiency using UV spectrophotometer and evaluation of organoleptic, particle measurement and surface microsphere morphology. The results showed that F3 with Acrycoat S100 polymer has a greater entrapment efficiency of 78,712% ± 4,260% compared to the highest percentage efficiency of HPMC K4M polymer of 4,734±0,390.Key words: Acrycoat S100, domperidone, entrapment efficiency, HPMC K4M, microsphere
Characterization of Imprinted Polymer of Diazepam With Methacrylic Acid and Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate Monomer in Chloroform for Selective Adsorption of Diazepam
Authors: Ferdinand Michelle , Pratiwi Rimadani , Hasanah Aliya Nur 
Published: October 2020

Diazepam is a benzodiazepine class usage is regulated nationally or globally. These drugs can be used to regulate sleep patterns or sedative-hypnotic drugs because it has a calming effect. Monitoring the abuse of diazepam requires a sensitive analysis methods that required the preparation of selective methods. One of the methods that are currently developing is Moleculary Imprinted Polymer-Solid Phase Extraction (MI-SPE). In this research, step being performed include determination of the association constant, synthesis sorbent of Imprinted Polymer (IP) diazepam by bulkpolymerization method with diazepam as a template, chloroform as porogen, two kind of monomer methacrylic acid (MAA) and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as functional monomer. Templates extracted from polymer followed by evaluation of adsorption ability test, a test of capacity and selectivity of the polymer, and also the characterization of the IP using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR),and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that IP diazepam with MAA monomer has 7.95 x 10-5 mg/g of capacity, it is better than capacity of IP diazepam monomer HEMA with 7.47x 10-6 mg/g. Selectivity of IP diazepam MAA monomer has an IF value which is 2.13, which is better than IP HEMA with 1.21. In addition, IP diazepam MAA monomer more heterogenous than its Non Imprinted Polymer (NIP).Keywords: Chloroform, Diazepam, HEMA, Methacrylic acid, MI-SPE.
Essentially Compressible Modules Relative to A Submodule
Authors: Al-Aeashi Shukur Neamah , Hussein Al-Bakaa Fatimah 
Published: October 2020

In this work, the new notion is defined namely essentially compressible relative to a submodule, as a new generalization of the compressible module relative to a submodule where a module is called compressible module relative to a submodule N of M if for all non-zero submodule of such that contains N, there exists a monomorphism f Hom( ). We study some basic properties of this class and many relationships between these classes and other related concepts are presented and studied.
Analisis Kemampuan Representasi Matematis Siswa dengan Model Group Investigation Pada Materi Turunan
Authors: Sari Putri Sucita , Prihatiningtyas Nindy Citroresmi , Utami Citra 
Published: October 2020

Abstract:The mathematical representation ability of students at a Senior High School in Singkawang is still low. This is due to the habit of students receiving direct learning and passive activities. This article tries to find out the differences in mathematical representation abilities between students who are given the Group Investigation (GI) learning model and students who are given the direct learning model and describe the mathematical representation abilities of students in terms of learning activities with the GI learning model. The results showed that there were differences in the increase in the mathematical representation ability of students who were given the GI learning model and those who were given the direct learning model. The active mathematical representation ability of students is in the high category, while students with moderate and passive activities have moderate representation skills. Abstrak:Kemampuan representasi matematis siswa di salah satu SMA Negeri di Singkawang masih rendah. Hal ini dikarenakan kebiasaan siswa menerima pembelajaran langsung dan aktivitas yang pasif. Artikel ini mencoba mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan representasi matematis antara siswa yang diberikan model pembelajaran Group Investigation (GI) dengan siswa yang diberikan model pembelajaran langsung serta mendeskripsikan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa ditinjau dari aktivitas belajar dengan model pembelajaran GI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa yang diberikan model pembelajaran GI dengan siswa yang diberikan model pembelajaran langsung. Kemampuan representasi matematis siswa yang aktif berada pada kategori tinggi, sedangkan siswa degan aktivitas sedang dan pasif memiliki kemampuan representasi sedang.
A generalization of Kruskal–Katona’s theorem
Authors: Amata Luca , Crupi Marilena 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Let K be a field, E the exterior algebra of a finite dimensional K-vector space, and F a finitely generated graded free E-module with homogeneous basis g
1, . . ., gr
such that deg g
1 ≤ deg g
2 ≤ · · · ≤ deg gr
. We characterize the Hilbert functions of graded E–modules of the type F/M, with M graded submodule of F. The existence of a unique lexicographic submodule of F with the same Hilbert function as M plays a crucial role.
Constacyclic codes over finite local Frobenius non-chain rings of length 5 and nilpotency index 4
Authors: Castillo-Guillén C. A. , Rentería-Márquez C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The family of finite local Frobenius non-chain rings of length 5 and nilpotency index 4 is determined, as a by-product all finite local Frobenius non-chain rings with p
5 elements (p a prime) and nilpotency index 4 are given. And the number and structure of γ-constacyclic codes over those rings, of length relatively prime to the characteristic of the residue field of the ring, are determined.
The Variation of the Salt Concentration at the Discharge of a River into a Saline Water
Authors: Juncu Gheorghe , Nicola Aurelian , Curcă Elena Stroilă 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A plume model is used to describe the variation of the salt concentration at the discharge of a river into a saline water. The integral model of the plume behavior consists of a set of ordinary differential equations derived from conservation of mass, momentum and salt concentration. The temperatures of the plume and ambient saline water are considered equal. The concentration of the salt in the river water is null. The saline water is assumed motionless. After release from the river, the concentration of the salt in the plume increases by mixing with the ambient saline water. The rate of mixing depends upon the local plume and ambient fluid properties such as velocity and salt concentration.
On S-2-absorbing submodules and vn-regular modules
Authors: Ulucak Gülşen , Tekir Ünsal , Koç Suat 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Let R be a commutative ring and M an R-module. In this article, we introduce the concept of S-2-absorbing submodule. Suppose that S ⊆ R is a multiplicatively closed subset of R. A submodule P of M with (P :
R M) ∩ S = ∅ is said to be an S-2-absorbing submodule if there exists an element s ∈ S and whenever abm ∈ P for some a, b ∈ R and m ∈ M, then sab ∈ (P :
R M) or sam ∈ P or sbm ∈ P. Many examples, characterizations and properties of S-2-absorbing submodules are given. Moreover, we use them to characterize von Neumann regular modules in the sense [9].
Conflict and Conflict Resolutions Experienced by Early Career Doctors in the Nigerian Health Sector: a Qualitative Report
Authors: Olaopa O. , Adebayo O. , Adufe I. , Adeniyi M.A. , Oiwoh S. , Grillo E. , Efuntoye O. , Oduyemi I. , Ogunsuji O. , Sokomba A. , Durowade K.A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background. Conflicts across professional workgroup and hierarchies inundate the clinical workplace. Early Career Doctors (ECDs) are also affected either as victims or as a provocateur/perpetrator. The effects of conflict at their workplaces have both significant positive and negative dimensions and impacts on ECDs. Little has been reported about conflict among ECDs in Nigeria.
Thus, this study explored the issue of conflict and conflict resolution among ECDs in Nigeria, in a bid to elicit information on the causes, consequences, perpetrators and victims.
Method. This was a qualitative study, using Focus Group Discussions (FGD) to explore information on conflict and conflict management among purposively selected key respondents (n = 14) from seven tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. The respondents are ECDs who were leaders and representatives of other ECDs in their various hospitals. Two FGDs were conducted.
Results. The result showed that conflict is inescapable in clinical settings and occurred at different levels. The perpetrators are varieties of health workers, and most are task-related conflicts, although there are relational ones. The conflicts with the government on labour-related issues are also frequent. The lack of job description and specification and power struggle among others were highlighted as the drivers of conflicts between ECDs and other health-workers. Conclusion. The findings of the study were discussed, and suggestions were made to reduce its effect, which would require structural solutions to mitigate at different levels and the diverse players in the health sectors.