bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variance for Fusarium Crown Rot Tolerance in Durum Wheat
Authors: Kadkol Gururaj , Meza Jess , Simpfendorfer Steven , Harden Steve , Cullis Brian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTolerance to the cereal disease Fusarium crown rot (FCR) was investigated in a set of 34 durum wheat genotypes, with Suntop, (bread wheat) and EGA Bellaroi (durum) as tolerant and intolerant checks, in a series of replicated field trials over four years with inoculated (FCR-i) and non-inoculated (FCR-n) plots of the genotypes. The genotypes included conventional durum lines and lines derived from crossing durum with 2-49, a bread wheat line with the highest level of partial resistance to FCR. A split plot trial design was chosen to optimize the efficiency for the prediction of FCR tolerance for each genotype. A multi-environment trial (MET) analysis was undertaken which indicated that there was good repeatability of FCR tolerance across years. Based on an FCR tolerance index, Suntop was the most tolerant genotype and EGA Bellaroi was very intolerant, but many durum wheats had FCR tolerance indices which were comparable to Suntop. These included some conventional durum lines, V101030, TD1702, V11TD013*3X-63 and DBA Bindaroi, as well as genotypes from crosses with 2-49 (V114916 and V114942). The correlation between FCR tolerance and FCR-n yield predictions was moderately negative indicating it could be somewhat difficult to develop high yielding FCR-tolerant genotypes. However, FCR tolerance showed a positive correlation with FCR-i yield predictions in seasons of high disease expression indicating it could be possible to screen for FCR tolerance using only FCR-i treatments. These results are the first demonstration of genetic diversity in durum germplasm for FCR tolerance and they provide a basis for breeding for this trait.
Evolutionary history of Carnivora (Mammalia, Laurasiatheria) inferred from mitochondrial genomes
Authors: Hassanin Alexandre , Véron Géraldine , Ropiquet Anne , Jansen van Vuuren Bettine , Lécu Alexis , Goodman Steven M. , Haider Jibran , Nguyen Trung Thanh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe order Carnivora, which currently includes 296 species classified into 16 families, is distributed across all continents. The phylogeny and the timing of diversifications are still a matter of debate.Here, complete mitochondrial genomes were analysed to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships and to estimate divergence times among species of Carnivora. We assembled 51 new mitogenomes from 13 families, and aligned them with available mitogenomes by selecting only those showing more than 1% of nucleotide divergence and excluding those suspected to be of low-quality or from misidentified taxa. Our final alignment included 220 taxa representing 2,442 mitogenomes. Our analyses led to a robust resolution of suprafamilial and intrafamilial relationships. We identified 22 fossil calibration points to estimate a molecular timescale for carnivorans. According to our divergence time estimates, crown carnivorans appeared during or just after the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum; all major groups of Caniformia (Cynoidea/Arctoidea; Ursidae; Musteloidea/Pinnipedia) diverged from each other during the Eocene, while all major groups of Feliformia (Nandiniidae; Feloidea; Viverroidea) diversified more recently during the Oligocene, with a basal divergence ofNandiniaat the Eocene/Oligocene transition; intrafamilial divergences occurred during the Miocene, except for the Procyonidae, asPotosseparated from other genera during the Oligocene.
CRISPR/Cas9-engineered inducible gametocyte producer lines as a novel tool for basic and applied research onPlasmodium falciparummalaria transmission stages
Authors: Boltryk Sylwia D. , Passecker Armin , Alder Arne , van de Vegte-Bolmer Marga , Sauerwein Robert W. , Brancucci Nicolas M. B. , Beck Hans-Peter , Gilberger Tim-Wolf , Voss Till S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe malaria parasitePlasmodium falciparumreplicates inside erythrocytes in the blood of infected humans. During each replication cycle, a small proportion of parasites commits to sexual development and differentiates into gametocytes, which are essential for parasite transmission to other human hosts via the mosquito vector. Detailed molecular investigation of gametocyte biology and transmission has been hampered by difficulties in generating large numbers of these highly specialized cells. Here, we engineered marker-freeP. falciparuminducible gametocyte producer (iGP) lines for the routine mass production of synchronous gametocytes. Through targeted overexpression of the sexual commitment factor GDV1, iGP lines consistently achieve sexual commitment rates of 75% and produce gametocytes that are infectious to mosquitoes. Subsequent tagging of a nucleoporin allowed us to visualize marked nuclear transformations during gametocytogenesis and demonstrates that further genetic engineering of iGP lines is an invaluable tool for the targeted exploration of gametocyte biology. We believe the iGP approach developed here opens up unprecedented opportunities that will expedite future basic and applied research onP. falciparumtransmission stages.
A novel juxtamembrane basolateral targeting motif regulates TGF-β receptor signaling inDrosophila
Authors: Peterson Aidan J. , Murphy Stephen J. , Mundt Melinda G. , Shimell Maryjane , Leof Edward B. , O’Connor Michael B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn polarized epithelial cells, receptor-ligand interactions can be restricted by different spatial distributions of the two interacting components, giving rise to an underappreciated layer of regulatory complexity. We explored whether such regulation occurs in theDrosophilawing disc, an epithelial tissue that requires the TGF-β family member Dpp for growth and patterning. Dpp protein has been observed in a gradient within the columnar cells of the disc, but also uniformly in the disc lumen, leading to the question of how graded signaling is achieved in the face of two distinctly localized pools. We find the Dpp type II receptor Punt, but not the type I receptor Tkv, is enriched at the basolateral membrane, and depleted at the junctions and apical surface. Wit, a second type II receptor, shows a markedly different behavior, with the protein detected on all membrane regions but enriched at the apical side. Mutational studies identified the BLT, a short juxtamembrane sequence required for basolateral targeting of Punt in both wing discs and mammalian MDCK cells, and that dominantly confers basolateral localization on an otherwise apical receptor. Rescue ofpuntmutants with transgenes altered in the targeting motif showed that flies expressing apicalized Punt due to the lack of a functional BLT displayed developmental defects, female sterility and significant lethality. We also show that apicalized Punt does not produce an ectopic signal, indicating that the apical pool of Dpp is not a significant signaling source even when presented with Punt. Finally, we present evidence that the BLT acts through polarized sorting machinery that differs between types of epithelia. This suggests a code whereby each epithelial cell type may differentially traffic common receptors to enable distinctive responses to spatially localized pools of extracellular ligands.
Cooperation between oncogenic Ras and p53 stimulates JAK/STAT non-cell autonomously to promote Ras tumor radioresistance
Authors: Dong Yong-Li , Valdka Ganghadara P , Lu Jin-Yu (Jim) , Ahmad Vakil , Klein Thomas J. , Liu Lu-Fang , Glazer Peter M. , Xu Tian , Chabu Chiswili Y. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOncogenic RAS mutations are associated with tumor resistance to radiation therapy. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Emergent cell-cell interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) profoundly influence therapy outcomes. The nature of these interactions and their role in Ras tumor radioresistance remain unclear. We usedDrosophilaoncogenic Ras tissues and human Ras cancer cell radiation models to address these questions. We discovered that cellular response to genotoxic stress cooperates with oncogenic Ras to activate JAK/STAT non-cell autonomously in the TME. JAK/STAT accelerates the growth of the less-damaged Ras tumor cells, leading to rapid tumor recurrence. Specifically, p53 is heterogeneously activated in Ras tumor tissues in response to irradiation. This mosaicism allows high p53-expressing Ras clones to stimulate JAK/STAT cytokines, which activate JAK/STAT in the nearby low p53-expressing surviving Ras clones, leading to robust tumor re-establishment. Blocking any part of this cell-cell communication loop re-sensitizes Ras tumor cells to irradiation. This finding suggests that coupling STAT inhibitors to radiotherapy might improve clinical outcomes for Ras cancer patients.
Is the enemy's enemy my friend? American public support for Taiwan under the context of the Sino–US trade war
Authors: Yeh Yao-Yuan , Wu Charles K.S. 
Published: October 2020

PurposeIn this paper, the authors investigate the factors that explain US public support for military operation for the enemy's enemy, and argue that US public support for military defense could be attributed to three factors – whether such support aligns with US national interests, whether the public perceives the US enemy to be a threat and whether interventions and military assistance to the enemy's enemy garner moral grounds.Design/methodology/approachTo find evidence of our claims, the authors conducted two survey experiments in 2018 and 2019 on Amazon.com's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) to see whether the ongoing trade war between the US and China (enemy) would alter the public's willingness to provide military assistance to Taiwan (enemy's enemy).FindingsThe authors first find that US national interests only matter when the public considers China's military to be not a threat when the US–China rivalry intensifies. In both waves, respondents were most likely to support for Taiwan's defense if they perceived China's military to be a major threat, followed by a minor threat and not a threat, respectively. Contrary to our theoretical expectation, the study does not find empirical support for moral factors.Originality/valueOur research applies the survey experiments among the US public to gauge public support for the enemy's enemy (Taiwan), which generates unique and vital findings to foreign policymakers and international observers.
Exploring the double-edged sword of familiness from a knowledge-based perspective
Authors: Belkhodja Omar , Daghfous Abdelkader 
Published: October 2020

PurposeFor family businesses, familiness constitutes a unique bundle of resources and capabilities resulting from family relationships and influences. The extant literature has shown that familiness impacts organizational outcomes such as performance and innovation. This paper investigates the role of familiness in relation to absorptive capacity (ACAP). It also explores the specificities of nonfamily members’ social capital when different knowledge management (KM) approaches are adopted.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory comparative case study design is adopted. Data from three family firms based in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) provide the empirical setting for this study. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews, available documents, observations and company websites.FindingsOur results reveal that the role of familiness in relation to ACAP varies according to the adopted KM approach. Familiness targets the potential ACAP when an explicit KM approach is adopted, the realized ACAP when a tacit KM approach is adopted, and both potential and realized ACAPs when a strategic KM approach is adopted. Our results also show that family firms invest in KM processes that support knowledge exploration and/or exploitation.Originality/valueThis paper provides further evidence for the role of familiness. It moves beyond the study of familiness from a resource-based view and adopts a knowledge-based perspective to develop a better understanding of the role of familiness in relation to ACAP. It also improves our understanding of nonfamily members’ social capital in family firms.
Relationships between two kinds of MSP in China
Authors: Tang Honghao , Yue Qi , Wang Chen , Zhou Lingling , Yu Jing , Wu Wen , Feng Ruoyan , Ma Chen 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe major marine functional zoning plan (MMFZP) and marine functional zoning (MFZ) are two important kinds of marine spatial planning (MSP) in China. Their developing and implementation are integral to rational marine utilization and sustainable marine development. The purpose of this research is to study how these two kinds of MSP work in coordination in China.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reviewed the present status of MSP research in China and abroad and presented a comparative study of the MMFZP and MFZ from different aspects, analyzing the relationship between the two.FindingsThe study found obvious differences between the MMFZP and MFZ, with respect to their concept and connotation, purpose and goal, as well as zoning methods and zoning functions. MFZ provides reference with respect to data, zoning methods and partial zoning results for the MMFZP, which in turn takes measures for addressing issues faced by MFZ and promotes the national MSP work.Originality/valueIn the process of developing and implementing the two zoning plans, this paper emphasizes the necessity to strengthen data sharing, reference of zoning techniques and coordination in zoning work, which will help to improve China's marine spatial management.
Understanding content sharing on the internet: test of a cognitive-affective-conative model
Authors: Hsiao Cheng-Chieh 
Published: October 2020

PurposeWith the prevalence of user-generated content on the internet, this study aims to propose a cognitive-affective-conative model to examine how users create and share their content online. The moderating role of gender differences is also tested in the model.Design/methodology/approachThis study collects a representative sample of 873 internet users via a nation-wide survey in Taiwan.FindingsThe results show that hedonic value has a positive impact on internet satisfaction, and social value affects life satisfaction and internet satisfaction positively. Both life satisfaction and internet satisfaction are positively related to content sharing on the internet. In particular, the positive effect of life satisfaction on online content sharing is greater for male users than for female users.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to the existing literature by investigating online content sharing behavior from the cognitive-affective-conative perspective. This study also provides a better understanding of this behavior by simultaneously examining life satisfaction and internet satisfaction as two underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, gender differences play an important role in determining content sharing on the internet.Practical implicationsFor digital marketing practitioners, this study suggests several online editing and social mechanisms for encouraging users' engagement in content sharing behavior on the internet.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first that examines a cognitive-affective-conative framework of content sharing behavior on the internet. This study also demonstrates boundary conditions of this framework by testing the moderating role of gender differences.
The first head‐tailed virus, MFTV1, infecting hyperthermophilic methanogenic deep‐sea archaea
Authors: Thiroux Sarah , Dupont Samuel , Nesbø Camilla L. , Bienvenu Nadège , Krupovic Mart , L'Haridon Stéphane , Marie Dominique , Forterre Patrick , Godfroy Anne , Geslin Claire 
Published: October 2020

SummaryDeep‐sea hydrothermal vents are inhabited by complex communities of microbes and their viruses. Despite the importance of viruses in controlling the diversity, adaptation and evolution of their microbial hosts, to date, only eight bacterial and two archaeal viruses isolated from abyssal ecosystems have been described. Thus, our efforts focused on gaining new insights into viruses associated with deep‐sea autotrophic archaea. Here, we provide the first evidence of an infection of hyperthermophilic methanogenic archaea by a head‐tailed virus, Methanocaldococcus fervens tailed virus 1 (MFTV1). MFTV1 has an isometric head of 50 nm in diameter and a 150 nm‐long non‐contractile tail. Virions are released continuously without causing a sudden drop in host growth. MFTV1 infects Methanocaldococcus species and is the first hyperthermophilic head‐tailed virus described thus far. The viral genome is a double‐stranded linear DNA of 31 kb. Interestingly, our results suggest potential strategies adopted by the plasmid pMEFER01, carried by M. fervens, to spread horizontally in hyperthermophilic methanogens. The data presented here open a new window of understanding on how the abyssal mobilome interacts with hyperthermophilic marine archaea.
Integrating fundamental cause theory and Bourdieu to explain pathways between socioeconomic status and health: the case of health insurance denials for genetic testing
Authors: Hammad Mrig Emily 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFundamental cause theory (FCT) is among the most widely recognised and accepted social science frameworks used to examine the processes driving health inequalities. Despite the wide influence of the theory, it remains largely underutilised in practical and applied research on health disparities. This paper proposes that Pierre Bourdieu’s theories of capital and symbolic power can be integrated with FCT to address limitations in the latter theory, making it more useful in health disparities research. Using a case study of U.S. health insurance claim denials for genetic testing among women with a breast cancer diagnosis, this work illustrates how the theoretical constructs of FCT and Bourdieu’s work articulate, and consequently deepens our appreciation for the durable relationship between socioeconomic status and health. Study results reveal the multiple and complex mechanisms that play a role in access to healthcare services, which has significant implications for how we think about the role of health policy in addressing health disparities.
Health system affiliation of physician organizations and quality of care for Medicare beneficiaries who have high needs
Authors: Kranz Ashley M. , DeYoreo Maria , Eshete‐Roesler Blen , Damberg Cheryl L. , Totten Mark , Escarce José J. , Timbie Justin W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that health systems provide better care to patients with high needs by comparing differences in quality between system‐affiliated and nonaffiliated physician organizations (POs) and to examine variability in quality across health systems.Data Sources2015 Medicare Data on Provider Practice and Specialty linked physicians to POs. Medicare Provider Enrollment, Chain, and Ownership System (PECOS) and IRS Form 990 data identified health system affiliations. Fee‐for‐service Medicare enrollment and claims data were used to examine quality.Study DesignThis cross‐sectional analysis of beneficiaries with high needs, defined as having more than twice the expected spending of an average beneficiary, examined six quality measures: continuity of care, follow‐up visits after hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits, ED visits, all‐cause readmissions, and ambulatory care‐sensitive hospitalizations. Using a matched‐pair design, we estimated beneficiary‐level regression models with PO random effects to compare quality of care in system‐affiliated and nonaffiliated POs. We then limited the sample to system‐affiliated POs and estimated models with system random effects to examine variability in quality across systems.Principal FindingsAmong 2 323 301 beneficiaries with high needs, 52.3% received care from system‐affiliated POs. Rates of ED visits were statistically significantly different in system‐affiliated POs (117.5 per 100) and nonaffiliated POs (106.8 per 100, P < .0001). Small differences in the other five quality measures were observed across a range of sensitivity analyses. Among systems, substantial variation was observed for rates of continuity of care (90% of systems had rates between 70.8% and 89.4%) and follow‐up after ED visits (90% of systems had rates between 56.9% and 73.5%).ConclusionsSmall differences in quality of care were observed among beneficiaries with high needs receiving care from system POs and nonsystem POs. Health systems may not confer hypothesized quality advantages to patients with high needs.
Exercise craving potentiates excitatory inputs to ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurons
Authors: Medrano Maria‐Carmen , Hurel Imane , Mesguich Emma , Redon Bastien , Stevens Christopher , Georges François , Melis Miriam , Marsicano Giovanni , Chaouloff Francis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhysical exercise, which can be addictogenic on its own, is considered a therapeutic alternative for drug craving. Exercise might thus share with drugs the ability to strengthen excitatory synapses onto ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic neurones, as assessed by the ratio of AMPA receptor (AMPAR)‐mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) to NMDA receptor (NMDAR)‐mediated EPSCs. As did acute cocaine, amphetamine, or Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) pretreatments, an acute 1‐h wheel‐running session increased the AMPAR/NMDAR ratio in VTA dopaminergic neurones. To dissect the respective influences of wheel‐running seeking and performance, mice went through an operant protocol wherein wheel‐running was conditioned by nose poking under fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement. Conditioned wheel‐running increased the AMPAR/NMDAR ratio to a higher extent than free wheel‐running, doing so although running performance was lower in the former paradigm than in the latter. Thus, the cue‐reward association, rather than reward consumption, played a major role in this increase. The AMPAR/NMDAR ratio returned to baseline levels in mice that had extinguished the cued‐running motivated task, but it increased after a cue‐induced reinstatement session. The amplitude of this increase correlated with the intensity of exercise craving, as assessed by individual nose poke scores. Finally, cue‐induced reinstatement of running seeking proved insensitive to acute cocaine or THC pretreatments. Our study reveals for the first time that the drive for exercise bears synaptic influences on VTA dopaminergic neurones which are reminiscent of drug actions. Whether these influences play a role in the therapeutic effects of exercise in human drug craving remains to be established.