bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromosomal imbalances detected in NTRK‐rearranged sarcomas by the use of comparative genomic hybridisation
Authors: Vargas Ana Cristina , Ardakani Nima M , Wong Daniel D , Maclean Fiona M , Kattampallil Joseph , Boyle Richard , Santos Leonardo , Gill Anthony J 
Published: October 2020

AimsNTRK‐rearranged sarcomas are emerging as a distinct class of sarcomas of particular importance in the era of targeted therapy. The aim of this study was to use array comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) to explore the cytogenetic profile of six adult soft tissue sarcomas harbouring NTRK gene fusions.Methods and resultsaCGH was performed on six adult soft tissue sarcomas with proven NTRK rearrangements [NTRK1, n = 1 (TPM3–NTRK1); NTRK2, n = 1 (MTMR2–NTRK2); NTRK3, n = 4 (two ETV6–NTRK3; two with unknown partners). The morphological patterns of these cases included inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour‐like, fibrosarcoma/malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour‐like, and Ewing sarcoma‐like. On the basis of the number of chromosomal copy number variations (CNVs), ranging from two to 15 per sample, NTRK‐associated sarcomas could be subdivided into two groups: one with a relatively simple karyotype (n = 2; median of three genomic alterations), and those with a more complex karyotype (n = 4; median of 11 genomic imbalances). Recurrent chromosomal CNVs included gains at chromosomes 6p, 1q, 7 (whole chromosome), and 12p, and losses at chromosomes 10q, 13q, 19q, and 9p.ConclusionsNTRK‐rearranged sarcomas constitute a heterogeneous group of tumours that can show a relatively simple or a complex karyotype. Although there were some, but inconsistent, associations between karyotype complexity and morphology, our study showed that a more complex karyotype in this group of tumours appeared to correlate with more aggressive clinical behaviour. Gains at chromosome 6p and 1q were the most common recurrent genomic alterations, being present in 67% of the samples (4/6), followed by gains at chromosome 7, which were present in 50% of the samples (3/6).
The restoration of root filled teeth: a review of the clinical literature
Authors: Bhuva B. , Giovarruscio M. , Rahim N. , Bitter K. , Mannocci F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClinicians often face dilemmas regarding the most appropriate way to restore a tooth following root canal treatment. Whilst there is established consensus on the importance of the ferrule effect on the predictable restoration of root filled teeth, other factors, such as residual tooth volume, tooth location, number of proximal contacts, timing of the definitive restoration and the presence of cracks, have been reported to influence restoration and tooth survival. The continued evolution of dental materials and techniques, combined with a trend towards more conservative endodontic‐restorative procedures, prompts re‐evaluation of the scientific literature. The aim of this literature review was to provide an updated overview of the existing clinical literature relating to the restoration of root filled teeth. An electronic literature search of the PubMed, Ovid (via EMBASE) and MEDLINE (via EMBASE) databases up to July 2020 was performed to identify articles that related the survival of root filled teeth and/or restoration type. The following and other terms were searched: restoration, crown, onlay, root canal, root filled, post, clinical, survival, success. Wherever possible, only clinical studies were selected for the literature review. Full texts of the identified articles were independently screened by two reviewers according to pre‐defined criteria. This review identifies the main clinical factors influencing the survival of teeth and restorations following root canal treatment in vivo and discusses the data related to specific restoration type on clinical survival.
Melanomas of the scalp: is hair coverage preventing early diagnosis?
Authors: Pereira Amanda Regio , Collgros Helena , Guitera Pascale , Benati Elisa , Longo Caterina , Argenziano Giuseppe , Dika Emi , Lambertini Martina , Menzies Scott W. , Lobato Williams Angela , Gallo Bruna M. , Hirata Sergio H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundScalp melanomas are usually thicker and show worse prognosis than other sites and other head and neck melanomas. One hypothesis to explain this aggressive behavior could be diagnosis delay attributed to hair concealment of lesions.MethodsPrimary melanomas of the scalp diagnosed over two decades at four reference centers in Australia and Italy were included. Hair coverage and visibility of the lesions were assessed on preoperative photographic documentation by two investigators and correlated with some prognostic factors (Breslow thickness, mitotic rate, and ulceration). Patients records and pathology reports provided clinical and histological data.ResultsThe majority of 113 melanomas included were located on easily visible areas of the scalp – hairless scalp (49%) or hairline (15%). The remaining ones (36%), considered to be hair‐covered, showed more frequently thinning of hair (63%) than a dense hair coverage (37%). Melanomas of “hairy scalps” were more frequently invasive (81%) and had higher median Breslow (0.8 ± 1.3 mm) than those arising on bald scalps or areas with thinning of hair (43%; 0 ± 0.6 mm), P = 0.004. However, when considering only the invasive cases (n = 55), Breslow thickness and mitotic rate were not statistically different between concealed and easily visible areas. Melanomas detected by a doctor were thinner than those first noticed by the patient, relatives, or a hairdresser (P < 0.001).ConclusionsMost scalp melanomas arose on easily visible areas, which are more prone to ultraviolet damage. Hair‐covered ones, despite rare, could be overlooked during examination. Proactive screening of the scalp area should be encouraged.
Influenza and COVID‐19: What does co‐existence mean?
Authors: Chotpitayasunondh Tawee , Fischer Thea Kølsen , Heraud Jean‐Michel , Hurt Aeron C. , Monto Arnold S. , Osterhaus Albert , Shu Yuelong , Tam John S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 continues to have a major impact on healthcare and social systems throughout the world. As the clinical and epidemiological features of COVID‐19 have many parallels with influenza, it is important to ensure optimal management of both respiratory diseases as we anticipate their continued co‐circulation. In particular, there is a need to ensure that effective surveillance and diagnostic capacities are in place to monitor these and other respiratory viruses, as this will underpin decisions on the appropriate clinical management of the respective diseases. As such, we propose a series of key recommendations for stakeholders, public health authorities, primary care physicians and surveillance bodies that will help mitigate the combined risks of concurrent influenza epidemics and the COVID‐19 pandemic. We advocate the judicious use of influenza vaccines and antivirals, particularly among groups at high risk of complications, with healthcare workers also considered a priority for vaccination. It is likely that the increased use of emerging technologies such as telemedicine and contact tracing will permanently change our approach to managing infectious disease. The use of these technologies, alongside existing pharmaceutical strategies, will ensure that we achieve a holistic approach to the global public health measures needed to deal with the combined threat of influenza and COVID‐19. Ensuring that this approach is optimal will be key as we move from a reactive pandemic response towards preparing for the long‐term management of the remarkable clinical burden associated with these respiratory pathogens.
Health insurance risk assessment using cognitive mapping and multiple‐criteria decision analysis
Authors: Fernandes Hugo E. M. , Ferreira Fernando A. F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHealth insurance risk analysis is crucial to the development of the insurance industry, allowing insurance companies to anticipate potential losses in health insurance's inverted product life cycle. The health insurance risk evaluation process is, however, carried out in various ways, which limits the application of transparency, fairness, and justice principles in the calculation of risk rewards. By combining cognitive mapping and measuring attractiveness by a categorical‐based evaluation technique (i.e., MACBETH, a multiple‐criteria decision analysis technique), this study sought to create a nonparametric and distinctive decision support system for individual private health insurance risk analysis. The proposed system facilitates greater transparency in the calculation of health insurance risk rewards. The results of a real‐world application of this system were analyzed and discussed in face‐to‐face group meetings with independent experts who work for two of the largest insurance companies in Portugal, thereby incorporating realism into the proposed evaluation mechanism. The advantages and limitations of this assessment framework are also discussed.
Atomistic modeling approach to the thermodynamics of sodium silicate glasses
Authors: Fossati Paul C. M. , Mellan Thomas A. , Kuganathan Navaratnarajah , Lee William E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA good description of the vibration modes of silicate glasses is necessary for the accurate determination of their thermodynamical properties. While the properties of amorphous SiO2 are well‐known, those of more complex silicate glasses remain poorly described. In this work, the atomic‐scale models have been used to investigate the vibration modes and thermodynamical properties of amorphous sodium silicate (Na2O)x(SiO2)1−x. Several empirical potentials have been considered, and their predictions have been compared to available experimental data. Different Na2O concentrations have also been simulated, highlighting the effect of sodium network modifiers on vibration spectra and thermodynamical properties. Statistical effects related to the simulation box size have been investigated, which helps interpreting quantitative results from simulations based on small systems, for example, electronic structure calculations. The potentials used can describe different oxides besides SiO2 and Na2O. The results presented here pave the way for future use of these potentials to study more complex glasses with different types of network formers and modifiers.
Nondestructive measurements of residual stress in air plasma‐sprayed thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Jiang Peng , Yang Liuyu , Sun Yongle , Li Dingjun , Wang Tiejun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPremature spallation of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) is a critical issue during the service of gas turbines, and nondestructive evaluation is crucial to address this problem. Herein, a novel approach that indicates delamination by measuring the residual stress evolution of thermally grown oxide (TGO) for air plasma spraying (APS) TBCs is proposed and verified via the combination of photoluminescence piezo‐spectroscopy (PLPS) and X‐ray computed tomography. A mineral‐oil‐impregnating approach and a cold‐mount low‐shrinkage epoxy‐mounting approach are used to alleviate the signal attenuation by pores and microcracks in APS TBCs, improving the detectable PLPS signal and X‐ray transmission for stress measurement and delamination characterization, respectively. We have nondestructively measured the TGO residual stress mapping in APS TBCs and its evolution with oxidation. Furthermore, the evolution of TGO morphology and critical microcracks are obtained by X‐ray computed tomography. The synchronous evolution of TGO residual stress, TGO thickness, and critical microcracks as a function of oxidation time is obtained and correlated. The transition point, as experimentally identified, at which the TGO stress starts to drop, agrees well with the critical moment of microcrack coalescence. This directly verifies that the TBC delamination can be effectively indicated by residual stress evolution of TGO in APS TBCs.
How the ‘kitome’ influences the characterization of bacterial communities in lepidopteran samples with low bacterial biomass
Authors: Paniagua Voirol L.R. , Valsamakis G. , Yu M. , Johnston P.R. , Hilker M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aims
We aimed to elucidate whether the DNA extraction kit and bacteria therein affect the characterization of bacterial communities associated with butterfly samples harbouring different bacterial abundancies.

Methods and Results
We analysed bacteria associated with eggs of Pieris brassicae and with adults of this butterfly, which were either untreated or treated with antibiotics (ABs). Three DNA extraction kits were used. Regardless of the extraction kit used, PCR amplification of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene detected very low bacterial presence in eggs and AB-treated butterflies. In untreated butterflies, bacterial signal intensity varied according to the kit and primers used. Sequencing (MiSeq) of the bacterial communities in untreated and AB-treated butterflies revealed a low alpha diversity in untreated butterflies because of the dominance of few bacteria genera, which were detectable regardless of the kit. However, a significantly greater alpha diversity was found in AB-treated butterflies, evidencing a true bias of the results due to bacterial contaminants in the kit.

Conclusions
The so-called ‘kitome’ can impact the profiling of Lepidoptera-associated bacteria in samples with low bacterial biomass.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Our study highlights the necessity of method testing and analysis of negative controls when investigating Lepidoptera-associated bacterial communities.
LncRNA HCG11/miR‐26b‐5p/QKI5 feedback loop reversed high glucose‐induced proliferation and angiogenesis inhibition of HUVECs
Authors: Du Jiao , Han Ruijuan , Li Yihua , Liu Xiaolin , Liu Shurong , Cai Zhenyu , Xu Zhaolong , Li Ya , Yuan Xuchun , Guo Xiuhai , Lu Bin , Sun Kai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAcute coronary syndrome caused by the rupture of atherosclerotic plaques is one of the primary causes of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. Neovascularization within the plaque is closely associated with its stability. Long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) serves a crucial role in regulating vascular endothelial cells (VECs) proliferation and angiogenesis. In this study, we identified lncRNA HCG11, which is highly expressed in patients with vulnerable plaque compared with stable plaque. Then, functional experiments showed that HCG11 reversed high glucose‐induced vascular endothelial injury through increased cell proliferation and tube formation. Meanwhile, vascular‐related RNA‐binding protein QKI5 was greatly activated. Luciferase reporter assays and RNA‐binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays verified interaction between them. Interestingly, HCG11 can also positively regulated by QKI5. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays showed HCG11 can worked as a competing endogenous RNA by sponging miR‐26b‐5p, and QKI5 was speculated as the target of miR‐26b‐5p. Taken together, our findings revered that the feedback loop of lncRNA HCG11/miR‐26b‐5p/QKI‐5 played a vital role in the physiological function of HUVECs, and this also provide a potential target for therapeutic strategies of As.
Spatial propagation and patterns of abundance ofDryocosmus kuriphilusthroughout an invaded region
Authors: Gil‐Tapetado Diego , Castedo‐Dorado Fernando , Lombardero María J. , Martel José , Álvarez‐Álvarez Pedro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDryocosmus kuriphilus(Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) was first detected in Galicia (NW Spain) in 2014. The wasp then began to spread by stratified dispersal, with the local abundance increasing thereafter. In this study, we analysed location data on wasp‐attacked trees, with the following aims: (i) to determine the relative importance of short distance dispersal (SDD) and long‐distance dispersal (LDD) on the geographical expansion of the wasp; and (ii) to assess whether the spatial clusters of areas with high and low numbers of attacked trees correspond to areas with different infestation levels and thus whether these areas can be considered suitable proxies for pest abundance. A Random Forest algorithm was used to identify the factors that best discriminate hotspot and coldspot areas. Distance matrix analysis was used considering a conservative expansion rate of the population front of 14 km/year as the threshold for distinguishing SDD and LDD events. Gradients of attacked tree abundance were delineated using the Getis‐Ord Gi* statistic. Although LDD events represented a small proportion of the locally dispersing offspring, they determined the rate of spread across the landscape. The infestation level differed significantly between hotspot and coldspot areas, which were therefore used as proxies forD. kuriphiluspopulation abundance. Factors that were favourable or unfavourable in relation to population abundance were mainly associated with maximum temperatures in the summer months. Metrics of composition and configuration of host plant habitat proved less important than the time since invasion and the effect was partly masked by tree diversity at community scale.
Abundant Chitinous Structures in Chilostomella (Foraminifera, Rhizaria) and Their Potential Functions
Authors: Nomaki Hidetaka , Chen Chong , Oda Kaya , Tsuchiya Masashi , Tame Akihiro , Uematsu Katsuyuki , Isobe Noriyuki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBenthic foraminifera, members of Rhizaria, inhabit a broad range of marine environments and are particularly common in hypoxic sediments. The biology of benthic foraminifera is key to understanding benthic ecosystems and relevant biogeochemical cycles, especially in hypoxic environments. Chilostomella is a foraminiferal genus commonly found in hypoxic deep‐sea sediments and has poorly understood ecological characteristics. For example, the carbon isotopic compositions of their lipids are substantially different from other co‐occurring genera, probably reflecting unique features of its metabolism. Here, we investigated the cytoplasmic and ultrastructural features of Chilostomella ovoidea from bathyal sediments of Sagami Bay, Japan, based on serial semi‐thin sections examined using an optical microscope followed by a three‐dimensional reconstruction, combined with TEM observations of ultra‐thin sections. Observations by TEM revealed the presence of abundant electron‐dense structures dividing the cytoplasm. Based on histochemical staining, these structures are shown to be composed of chitin. Our 3D reconstruction revealed chitinous structures in the final seven chambers. These exhibited a plate‐like morphology in the final chambers but became rolled up in earlier chambers (toward the proloculus). These chitinous, plate‐like structures may function to partition the cytoplasm in a chamber to increase the surface/volume ratio and/or act as a reactive site for some metabolic functions.
Intraspecific variation in inhibitory motor control in guppies, Poecilia reticulata
Authors: Macario Alessandro , Darden Safi K. , Verbruggen Frederick , Croft Darren P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInhibitory control (IC) is the ability to overcome impulsive or prepotent but ineffective responses in favour of more appropriate behaviours. The ability to inhibit internal predispositions or external temptations is vital in coping with a complex and variable world. Traditionally viewed as cognitively demanding and a main component of executive functioning and self‐control, IC was historically examined in only a few species of birds and mammals but recently a number of studies has shown that a much wider range of taxa rely on IC. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that inhibitory abilities may vary within species at the population and individual levels owing to genetic and environmental factors. Here we use a detour‐reaching task, a standard paradigm to measure motor inhibition in nonhuman animals, to quantify patterns of interindividual variation in IC in wild‐descendant female guppies, Poecilia reticulata. We found that female guppies displayed inhibitory performances that were, on average, half as successful as the performances reported previously for other strains of guppies tested in similar experimental conditions. Moreover, we showed consistent individual variation in the ability to inhibit inappropriate behaviours. Our results contribute to the understanding of the evolution of fish cognition and suggest that IC may show considerable variation among populations within a species. Such variation in IC abilities might contribute to individual differences in other cognitive functions such as spatial learning, quantity discrimination or reversal learning.
Mycoplasma infections in freshwater carnivorous fishes in Hungary
Authors: Sellyei Boglárka , Varga Zsuzsanna , Cech Gábor , Varga Ádám , Székely Csaba 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe abundance of mycoplasma‐like microorganisms seems to be common in the intestinal tract of fish, but their occurrence in other organs can be considered pathological. Isolation of piscine mycoplasmas is essential to prove their virulence. In this study, a total of 100 specimens of nine freshwater fish species collected from natural waters and fish farms were analysed for the prevalence of mycoplasmas in different extraintestinal organs. Our results demonstrate that mycoplasmas are present in carnivorous fish (pike, wels catfish, black bullhead and pike perch) than in cyprinids more frequently. Among the surveyed organs, they colonize mainly the gills, the kidney and the livers. Although mycoplasmas could be detected in one‐fifth of samples by molecular assays, the isolation of mycoplasmas belonged to the M. sualvi cluster within the hominis group of Mycoplasmataceae, but was separate from M. mobile, has been successful only from some specimens originated from wels catfish that was feasible only by special preparation steps (prefreezing, filter sterilization and incubation conditions (long culturing period, etc.). The low‐efficiency of isolation trials indicates an extensive gap in our knowledge about piscine mycoplasmas, especially in the field of their nutritional requirements.