bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radio-echo soundings on Icelandic temperate glaciers: history of techniques and findings
Authors: Björnsson Helgi , Pálsson Finnur 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSince the mid-1970s radio-echo soundings have been conducted on Iceland's temperate glaciers. Since then, low-frequency radar technology has furthered the study of most of the island's ice caps. Their masses and volumes have been quantified and detailed subglacial topographic maps produced which demarcate glacial drainage basins and identify subglacial lakes and volcanoes. Even internal tephra layers have been charted. The resulting data have been used to force and validate models of past and future glacier evolution. Many practical applications in glacier hydrology have come into being, including hydropower management, road and bridge planning and the prediction of catastrophic flood paths from subglacial eruption sites. Finally, emerging landscapes can now be foreseen in places where glaciers may soon disappear. These achievements would not have been possible without the advances in RES technology.
Hospital Operation During a Disaster – Hospital Multi-Component Emergency Center (HMCEC)
Authors: Zarka Salman , Furman Eyal , Polyakov Olga 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTA hospital’s operating modes can be divided into three main levels of operation: routine, mass-casualty, and interim states that require procedures and resources beyond the routine capacity.Regardless of the nature of the event and the needs, the medical staff has to be prepared for a sudden increase in demand for service that could overwhelm the functional capacity and safety standards of the hospital.In any sort of an emergency event, the hospital has to fulfill two goals: First is to be able to sustain itself against the sudden rise in demand for medical support; the aid given depends on the nature of the disaster. The second goal is to continue supporting the essential routine duties for patients already hospitalized and for others arriving at the hospital regardless of the disaster.The aim of this paper is to describe the principles and the methods for hospital operation in case of a disaster-level event. The paper describes the structure and methods for handling prolonged disaster-level events and the adjustments that can be made in the case of lower intensity events.
Modelling spatial patterns of near-surface air temperature over a decade of melt seasons on McCall Glacier, Alaska
Authors: Troxler Patrick , Ayala Álvaro , Shaw Thomas E. , Nolan Matt , Brock Ben W. , Pellicciotti Francesca 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe examine the spatial patterns of near-surface air temperature (Ta) over a melting glacier using a multi-annual dataset from McCall Glacier, Alaska. The dataset consists of a 10-year (2005–2014) meteorological record along the glacier centreline up to an upper glacier cirque, spanning an elevation difference of 900 m. We test the validity of on-glacier linear lapse rates, and a model that calculatesTabased on the influence of katabatic winds and other heat sources along the glacier flow line. During the coldest hours of each summer (10% of time), average lapse rates across the entire glacier range from −4.7 to −6.7°C km−1, with a strong relationship betweenTaand elevation (R2> 0.7). During warm conditions,Tashows more complex, non-linear patterns that are better explained by the flow line-dependent model, reducing errors by up to 0.5°C compared with linear lapse rates, although more uncertainty might be associated with these observations due to occasionally poor sensor ventilation. We conclude thatTaspatial distribution can vary significantly from year to year, and from one glacier section to another. Importantly, extrapolations using linear lapse rates from the ablation zone might lead to large underestimations ofTaon the upper glacier areas.
Well-posedness for nonlinear SPDEs with strongly continuous perturbation
Authors: Vallet Guy , Zimmermann Aleksandra 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe consider the well-posedness of a stochastic evolution problem in a bounded Lipschitz domain D ⊂ ℝd with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions and an initial condition in L2(D). The main technical difficulties in proving the result of existence and uniqueness of a solution arise from the nonlinear diffusion-convection operator in divergence form which is given by the sum of a Carathéodory function satisfying p-type growth associated with coercivity assumptions and a Lipschitz continuous perturbation. In particular, we consider the case 1 < p < 2 with an appropriate lower bound on p determined by the space dimension. Another difficulty arises from the fact that the additive stochastic perturbation with values in L2(D) on the right-hand side of the equation does not inherit the Sobolev spatial regularity from the solution as in the multiplicative noise case.
Imagining viral hepatitis in Burkina Faso
Authors: Giles-Vernick Tamara , Hejoaka Fabienne 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article explores ‘imaginings’ around hepatitis B in Burkina Faso and their historical genealogies. Hepatitis B is a viral infection afflicting the liver, but asymptomatic carriers may fall ill decades after exposure to the virus. Drawing from ethnographic interviews, we analyse how people living with hepatitis B in Burkina Faso grapple with incertitude about the course of their infections, the possibilities for healing and their illness's influence on social relations by ‘imagining’: that is, diverging momentarily from narratives about their diagnostic and therapeutic pathways to imagine alternative pasts and future consequences of this illness. We investigate how those living with hepatitis B use these imaginings to grapple with absences – of a certain future, of knowledge and of care – the historical genealogies that give rise to these absences, and their longer-term consequences. These ephemeral imaginings emerge from an ‘entanglement’ of the virus, epidemiological incertitude about its course and absences within Burkina Faso's health system and global health policies, which are themselves the consequence of specific historical processes.
‘Like a real hospital’: imagining hospital futures through homegrown public–private partnerships in Tanzania
Authors: Sullivan Noelle 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article traces a shift in how hospital workers at a Tanzanian public hospital thought about their workplace. In 2010, for the first time, staff began collectively imagining what they called ‘a real hospital’. This collective dreaming of institutional possibilities emerged due to two transformations: a shift in Tanzanian government policies enabling government institutions to initiate their own ‘public–private partnerships’ (PPPs) with non-state ‘partners’ such as NGOs, private businesses, investors, missionary organizations and others; and the hospital's early successes in attracting (a few) partners. Unlike familiar global PPPs such as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Tanzania's PPP policy allowed health facilities to initiate their own partnerships in order to improve public services. Drawing on longitudinal ethnographic research in one government hospital, this article traces successful, failed and fraught partnership initiatives through which public-sector health workers tried to improve hospital infrastructure and capacity. In tracing institutional aspirations and local workers’ efforts to achieve them through homegrown PPPs, this article highlights the contingency and malleability of public and private spheres operating within public health service provision in Tanzania, as well as the opportunities available to health workers and the constraints involved in attempting to improve hospital care.
Addressing drought through rural religious communities in Senegal
Authors: Cochrane Laura L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSevere ecological changes across the Sahel have created a difficult environment for agriculture and rural village economies. Rural communities, while small in scale, are creating new ways to transform their degraded environment. Their small size allows them to develop location-specific strategies to manage and improve water, soil and agriculture. This article focuses on two Sufi communities (daaras) in Senegal that integrate environmental work and spirituality. Religious organizations are influential in Senegal, as is the idea that labour is a part of both personal spirituality and shared religious teachings. As agriculture continues to be disrupted because of climate fluctuations, creating a habitable environment relies on applying region-specific agricultural science, and working through local structures. These conceptions of labour, along with the religious structures that support their work, make environmental projects spiritually significant, and also transformative for agriculture in a challenging environment.
‘We are passing our leisure time’: moving on from education in eastern Uganda
Authors: Jones Ben 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the trading centre of Atine Atirir in eastern Uganda, young men gather to play ludo. They are educated but most do not have salaried employment. Many farm and do some form of casual labour. They talk about the importance of leisure and ‘leisure time’ and discuss the prospects of Arsenal in the English Premier League. In this article I explore the relationship between education, farming and ‘leisure time’ and look at the ways in which young men in particular make sense of lives that involve both schooling and farming. A number of scholars have focused on the tensions and frustrations of educated – typically urban – youth in Africa and elsewhere. They observe a growing distance between older and younger people, and the ways young men define their situation as one of boredom, dissatisfaction and waiting. By contrast, I show the ways in which the ludo board helped younger men in a poorer, rural setting elide an interest in an ‘educated style’ with rural forms of work – farming, petty trading and casual employment – and how the space around the game was mostly a site of play and relaxation, a place for passing, rather than killing, time. There was also a large degree of sympathy between the generations.
Within and Beyond Modernity: Lived experiences and ethical interruptions of the Tablighi Jamaat in West Bengal
Authors: POOL FERNANDE W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article examines the implications of the growing presence of the Tablighi Jamaat in Joygram, a Muslim-majority village in rural West Bengal, India, drawing on fieldwork conducted between 2011 and 2013. The analysis of reformist Islam as a moral regeneration movement embedded in dharma and catalysing an alternative modernity contributes to the scholarship on lived experiences of Islam, modernity, and ethics. The Tablighi Jamaat in Joygram gains popularity in a political economic context of moral degradation and marginalization, which inspires engagements with globally resonant modern and anti-modern models of the self enveloped in the practice, discourse, and performance of Islamic reformism. These models mutually interact and conflict with locally particular practices and exclusionary categorizations. On the village level, the drive towards modernity ensues in conflicts over moral personhood and social exchanges. On the societal level, the modern aspirations of Joygrami Tablighis go beyond piety to ‘good culture’ and respected citizenship, and are embedded in anti-modern critiques of the hegemonic categorizations of the secular nation-state by which they are nevertheless confined. It is suggested that reformist Islam should not be misunderstood as pre-modern, anti-secular, or secular, but might better be called ‘post-secular’ because it encompasses those ideologies in vernacularized forms on the basis of a different ideal conception of society. Islamic reformism in Joygram may resonate with moral regeneration and reactionary movements elsewhere. This analysis of the Tablighi Jamaat demonstrates the potential challenges social movements face in the transition to alternative modernities.
African religions, mythic narratives, and conceptual enrichment in the philosophy of religion
Authors: BURLEY MIKEL 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMyths, or sacred narratives, have been underexplored in mainstream philosophy of religion, which has also had little to say about African indigenous religions. These lacunae impoverish the philosophy of religion by diminishing its coverage both of the range of human religious possibilities and of the diverse modes through which religious ideas and world-views are conveyed. With particular attention to Yorùbá religion, this article promotes and exemplifies a pluralistic narrative approach that draws upon mythology to facilitate philosophical reflection upon a wider array of religious traditions, for the dual purpose of doing conceptual justice to those traditions while also furthering the discipline's conceptual enrichment.
The biology of emotion is missing
Authors: Kauffman Katherine Peil 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough augmenting rational models with cognitive constraints is long overdue, the emotional system – our innatelyevaluative “affective” constraints– is missing from the model. Factoring in the informational nature of emotional perception, its explicitself-regulatoryfunctional logic, and the predictable pitfalls of its hardwired behavioral responses (including a maladaptive form of “identity management”) can offer dramatic enhancements.
What are the appropriate axioms of rationality for reasoning under uncertainty with resource-constrained systems?
Authors: Atmanspacher Harald , Basieva Irina , Busemeyer Jerome R. , Khrennikov Andrei Y. , Pothos Emmanuel M. , Shiffrin Richard M. , Wang Zheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhen constrained by limited resources, how do we choose axioms of rationality? The target article relies on Bayesian reasoning that encounter serioustractabilityproblems. We propose another axiomatic foundation: quantum probability theory, which provides for less complex and more comprehensive descriptions. More generally, defining rationality in terms of axiomatic systems misses a key issue: rationality must be defined by humans facing vague information.
The evolutionary foundations of resource-rational analysis
Authors: Schulz Armin W. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Resource-rational analysis would profit from being integrated more explicitly with an evolutionary psychological perspective. In particular, by taking more strongly into consideration the fact that efficiency considerations are a key driver of the evolution of human and animal minds, it becomes clearer: (1) why it is reasonable to assume that cognitive mechanisms trade-off accuracy against effort, (2) how this trade-off occurs, and (3) how to overcome some of the challenges of resource-rational analysis.
Towards a quantum-like cognitive architecture for decision-making
Authors: Moreira Catarina , Fell Lauren , Dehdashti Shahram , Bruza Peter , Wichert Andreas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We propose an alternative and unifying framework for decision-making that, by using quantum mechanics, provides more generalised cognitive and decision models with the ability to represent more information compared to classical models. This framework can accommodate and predict several cognitive biases reported in Lieder & Griffiths without heavy reliance on heuristics or on assumptions of the computational resources of the mind.
Change in maternal speech rate to preverbal infants over the first two years of life
Authors: RANERI Daniele , VON HOLZEN Katie , NEWMAN Rochelle , BERNSTEIN RATNER Nan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAims: Although IDS is typically described as slower than adult-directed speech (ADS), potential impacts of slower speech on language development have not been examined. We explored whether IDS speech rates in 42 mother–infant dyads at four time periods predicted children's language outcomes at two years. Method: We correlated IDS speech rate with child language outcomes at two years, and contrasted outcomes in dyads displaying high/low rate profiles. Outcomes: Slower IDS rate at 7 months significantly correlated with vocabulary knowledge at two years. Slowed IDS may benefit child language learning even before children first speak.
Adaptation et validation d’une échelle de satisfaction des besoins psychologiques fondamentaux auprès de personnes âgées gabonaises
Authors: Indoumou-Peppe Charlay , Altintas Emin , Ngoma-Voumbi Eleonore , Guerrien Alain 
Published: March 2020

RésuméCette étude a pour objectif d’adapter et de valider une échelle de satisfaction des besoins psychologiques fondamentaux chez les personnes âgées (ESBP-PA). Un total de 270 participants gabonais âgés de 60 à 100 ans ont répondu au questionnaire composé de l’ESBP-PA et d’une échelle du bien-être psychologique. L’analyse factorielle exploratoire réalisée a permis d’extraire trois facteurs correspondant aux trois types de besoins psychologiques. La consistance interne, estimée par l’alpha de Cronbach et la fiabilité composite, est satisfaisante pour les trois dimensions. En ce qui concerne la validité convergente, l’analyse de corrélation a soutenu des liens significatifs entre la satisfaction des trois besoins et le bien-être psychologique. Ces résultats rendent compte des bonnes qualités psychométriques de l’instrument. Celui-ci peut être utilisé pour mesurer la satisfaction des besoins d’autonomie, de compétence et d’appartenance sociale.
Origin, structure and geochemistry of a rock glacier near Don Juan Pond, Wright Valley, Antarctica
Authors: Winsor Kelsey , Swanger Kate M. , Babcock Esther L. , Dickson James L. , Valletta Rachel D. , Schmidt Daniel F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe South Fork of Wright Valley contains one of the largest rock glaciers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, stretching 7 km from the eastern boundary of the Labyrinth and terminating at Don Juan Pond (DJP). Here, we use results from ground-penetrating radar (GPR), qualitative field observations, soil leaching analyses and X-ray diffraction analyses to investigate rock glacier development. The absence of significant clean ice in GPR data, paired with observations of talus and interstitial ice influx from the valley walls, support rock glacier formation via talus accumulation. A quartz-dominated subsurface composition and discontinuous, well-developed desert pavements suggest initial rock glacier formation occurred before the late Quaternary. Major ion data from soil leaching analyses show higher salt concentrations in the rock glacier and talus samples that are close to hypersaline DJP. These observations suggest that DJP acts as a local salt source to the rock glacier, as well as the surrounding talus slopes that host water track systems that deliver solutes back into the lake, suggesting a local feedback system. Finally, the lack of lacustrine sedimentation on the rock glacier is inconsistent with the advance of a glacially dammed lake into South Fork during the Last Glacial Maximum.
The Mismarriage of Personal Responsibility and Health
Authors: BOGNAR GREG 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper begins with a simple illustration of the choice between individual and population strategies in population health policy. It describes the traditional approach on which the choice is to be made on the relative merits of the two strategies in each case. It continues by identifying two factors—our knowledge of the consequences of the epidemiological transition and the prevalence of responsibility-sensitive theories of distributive justice—that may distort our moral intuitions when we deliberate about the choice of appropriate risk-management strategies in population health. It argues that the confluence of these two factors may lead us to place too much emphasis on personal responsibility in health policy.
Counter-Transference and the Clinical Ethics Encounter: What, Why, and How We Feel During Consultations
Authors: REDINGER MICHAEL J. , GIBB TYLER S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOne of the more draining aspects of being a clinical ethicist is dealing with the emotions of patients, family members, as well as healthcare providers. Generally, by the time a clinical ethicist is called into a case, stress levels are running high, patience is low, and interpersonal communication is strained. Management of this emotional burden of clinical ethics is an underexamined aspect of the profession and academic literature. The emotional nature of doing clinical ethics consultation may be better addressed by utilizing concepts and tools from clinical psychology. Management of countertransference, the natural emotional reaction by the therapist toward the patient, is a widely discussed topic in the psychotherapeutic literature. This concept can be adapted to the clinical ethics encounter by broadening it beyond the patient-therapist relationship to refer to the ethics consultant's emotional response toward the patient, the family, or other members the healthcare team. Further, it may aid the consultant because a recognition of the source and nature of these reactions can help maintain ‘critical distance’ and minimize bias in the same way that a psychologist maintains neutrality in psychotherapy. This paper will offer suggestions on how to manage these emotional responses and their burden in the clinical ethics encounter, drawing upon techniques and strategies recommended in the psychotherapeutic literature. Using these techniques may improve consultation outcomes and reduce the emotional burden on the clinical ethicist.
Examining the effectiveness of language-switching practice for reducing cross-language competition in L2 grammatical processing
Authors: McManus Kevin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study examined the extent to which language-switching practice enhanced L2 learners’ L2 grammatical processing by improving language selection abilities. Thirty-six English-speaking learners of French completed the same language-switching practice of L1 and L2 sentences, but received different types of pre-practice explicit information (EI) designed to address L2 learning difficulties resulting from crosslinguistic influence: one group (n = 17) received EI about English–French differences for viewpoint aspect, and a second group (n = 19) received EI about viewpoint aspect in French only. This design investigated the extent to which pre-practice linguistic knowledge moderated the effectiveness of the language-switching practice. Longitudinal analyses showed that increasing amounts of practice improved language selection abilities (increased accuracy, reduced reaction time costs), but only for learners who received EI about L1-L2 differences. These findings that language-switching was moderated by type of pre-practice EI have important implications for theories of L2 learning and instruction.