bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal depression is associated with child undernutrition: A cross‐sectional study in Ethiopia
Authors: Anato Anchamo , Baye Kaleab , Tafese Zelalem , Stoecker Barbara J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChild undernutrition is widespread in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC) and is associated with health and economic losses. Undernutrition is estimated to contribute to 3.1 million deaths per year in children less than 5 years of age. A complex causal and contextual factors contributing to child undernutrition have been assessed, but maternal depression, which could contribute to child undernutrition by interfering with the mother's child caring practice and ability, has been received little attention. The objective of this study was to assess the association between maternal postpartum depression symptoms and infant (5–10 months of age) stunting in northern Ethiopia. A community‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted among mother–infant pairs (n= 232) between March and April 2018. Through interviewer‐administrated questionnaire, information on sociodemographic variables were collected, and maternal depression symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS≥13). Infants' length and weight were measured and converted to length and weight for age Z scores using the WHO growth standards. Breastfeeding was a norm, but the adequacy of complementary feeding practice was sub‐optimal. Only 25% of the infants met the minimum meal frequency (MMF), less than 10% met the minimum dietary diversity (MMD; 9%) or minimum acceptable diet (7%). Maternal depression was prevalent (22.8%) and was significantly associated with inappropriate complementary feeding and stunting (P< .05). Improving complementary feeding practices is central to preventing stunting in this and other settings. However, such efforts should integrate interventions that address maternal depression to improve child feeding and caring practices to effectively prevent stunting.
Molecular responses to freshwater limitation in the mangrove tree Avicennia germinans (Acanthaceae)
Authors: Cruz Mariana Vargas , Mori Gustavo Maruyama , Oh Dong‐Ha , Dassanayake Maheshi , Zucchi Maria Imaculada , Oliveira Rafael Silva , Souza Anete Pereira de 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEnvironmental variation along the geographical space can shape populations by natural selection. In the context of global warming and changing precipitation regimes, it is crucial to understand the role of environmental heterogeneity in tropical trees adaptation, given their disproportional contribution to water and carbon biogeochemical cycles. Here, we investigated how heterogeneity in freshwater availability along tropical wetlands has influenced molecular variations of the black mangrove (Avicennia germinans). A total of 57 trees were sampled at seven sites differing markedly in precipitation regime and riverine freshwater inputs. Using 2,297 genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphic markers, we found signatures of natural selection by the association between variations in allele frequencies and environmental variables, including the precipitation of the warmest quarter and the annual precipitation. Additionally, we found candidate loci for selection based on statistical deviations from neutral expectations of interpopulation differentiation. Most candidate loci within transcribed sequences were functionally associated with central aspects of drought tolerance or plant response to drought. Moreover, our results suggest the occurrence of the rapid evolution of a population, probably in response to sudden and persistent limitations in plant access to soil water, following a road construction in 1974. Observations supporting rapid evolution included the reduction in tree size and changes in allele frequencies and in transcript expression associated with increased drought tolerance through the accumulation of osmoprotectants and antioxidants, biosynthesis of cuticles, protection against protein degradation, stomatal closure, photorespiration and photosynthesis. We describe a major role of spatial heterogeneity in freshwater availability in the specialization of this typically tropical tree.
Contrasting impacts of a novel specialist vector on multihost viral pathogen epidemiology in wild and managed bees
Authors: Manley Robyn , Temperton Ben , Boots Mike , Wilfert Lena 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTypically, pathogens infect multiple host species. Such multihost pathogens can show considerable variation in their degree of infection and transmission specificity, which has important implications for potential disease emergence. Transmission of multihost pathogens can be driven by key host species and changes in such transmission networks can lead to disease emergence. We study two viruses that show contrasting patterns of prevalence and specificity in managed honeybees and wild bumblebees, black queen cell virus (BQCV) and slow bee paralysis virus (SBPV), in the context of the novel transmission route provided by the virus‐vectoring Varroa destructor. Our key result is that viral communities and RNA virus genetic variation are structured by location, not host species or V. destructor presence. Interspecific transmission is pervasive with the same viral variants circulating between pollinator hosts in each location; yet, we found virus‐specific host differences in prevalence and viral load. Importantly, V. destructor presence increases the prevalence in honeybees and, indirectly, in wild bumblebees, but in contrast to its impact on deformed wing virus (DWV), BQCV and SBPV viral loads are not increased by Varroa presence, and do not show genetic evidence of recent emergence. Effective control of Varroa in managed honeybee colonies is necessary to mitigate further disease emergence, and alleviate disease pressure on our vital wild bee populations. More generally, our results highlight the over‐riding importance of geographical location to the epidemiological outcome despite the complexity of multihost‐parasite interactions.
Differences in foot skin microbiomes between patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy individuals
Authors: Han Song Hee , Lee Ji Su , Song Kee‐Ho , Choe Yong Beom , Ahn Kyu Joong , Lee Yang Won 
Published: December 2019

SummaryImpaired immunity and changes in the microenvironment in patients with diabetes might influence the composition of the cutaneous microbiome. However, data on the cutaneous microbiome of these patients are scarce. This study compared the fungal and bacterial components of the skin microbiome between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and healthy individuals. We obtained skin swab samples from the plantar forefoot of 17 patients with DM and 18 healthy individuals to conduct a cross‐sectional study. The samples were profiled with culture‐independent sequencing of the V3 to V4 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and the fungal ITS2 region, followed by direct DNA extraction and molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We observed a differential cutaneous microbiome, especially for fungi, in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to that in healthy controls. Trichophyton rubrum was more abundant in DM samples. The Shannon diversity index for fungi was lower in the DM patients. Principal coordinate analysis plots and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) tests based on Bray‐Curtis distances between samples supported the association of the fungal microbiome with DM at the species level. The results suggest that clinicians should pay attention to both fungi and bacteria and provide appropriate prevention and therapeutic strategies for diabetic cutaneous complications including diabetic foot ulcers. These data also contribute to future research associated with diabetes and cutaneous microbiomes.
In search of the nation in Fiume: Irredentism, cultural nationalism, borderlands
Authors: van Hout Milou 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIrredentism is a crucial, yet understudied phenomenon of nationalism. Most scholars emphasise how irredentist thinking and practices function as a geopolitical instrument for inter‐state formation, resulting in radical nationalism. This article sheds light instead on the cultural preoccupations underlying irredentist discourses. It focusses on irredentist claims on the Adriatic city of Fiume (Rijeka) among Italian nationalists in the 19th and 20th centuries, emphasising how they were driven by cultural imaginaries of a spiritual borderland for the nation. These imaginaries continued to inform irredentist arguments during the phase of political mobilisation. This sheds light on contemporary European politics, in which irredentist imaginaries are once again shaping nationalist discourses.
Contrasting plant adaptation strategies to latitude in the native and invasive range of Spartina alterniflora
Authors: Liu Wenwen , Zhang Yihui , Chen Xincong , Maung‐Douglass Keith , Strong Donald R. , Pennings Steven C. 
Published: December 2019

Summary

Biological invasions offer model systems of contemporary evolution. We examined trait differences and evolution across geographic clines among continents of the intertidal grass Spartina alterniflora within its invasive and native ranges.

We sampled vegetative and reproductive traits in the field at 20 sites over 20° latitude in China (invasive range) and 28 sites over 17° in the US (native range). We grew both Chinese and US plants in a glasshouse common garden for 3 yr.

Chinese plants were c. 15% taller, c. 10% denser, and set up to four times more seed than US plants in both the field and common garden. The common garden experiments showed a striking genetic cline of seven‐fold greater seed set at higher latitudes in the introduced but not the native range. By contrast, there was a slight genetic cline in some vegetative traits in the native but not the introduced range.

Our results are consistent with others showing that introduced plants can evolve rapidly in the new range. S. alterniflora has evolved different trait clines in the native and introduced ranges, showing the importance of phenotypic plasticity and genetic control of change during the invasion process.
Water use strategy affects avoidance of ozone stress by stomatal closure in Mediterranean trees—A modelling analysis
Authors: Hoshika Yasutomo , Fares Silvano , Pellegrini Elisa , Conte Adriano , Paoletti Elena 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBoth ozone (O3) and drought can limit carbon fixation by forest trees. To cope with drought stress, plants have isohydric or anisohydric water use strategies. Ozone enters plant tissues through stomata. Therefore, stomatal closure can be interpreted as avoidance to O3 stress. Here, we applied an optimization model of stomata involving water, CO2, and O3 flux to test whether isohydric and anisohydric strategies may affect avoidance of O3 stress by stomatal closure in four Mediterranean tree species during drought. The data suggest that stomatal closure represents a response to avoid damage to the photosynthetic mechanisms under elevated O3 depending on plant water use strategy. Under high‐O3 and well‐watered conditions, isohydric species limited O3 fluxes by stomatal closure, whereas anisohydric species activated a tolerance response and did not actively close stomata. Under both O3 and drought stress, however, anisohydric species enhanced the capacity of avoidance by closing stomata to cope with the severe oxidative stress. In the late growing season, regardless of the water use strategy, the efficiency of O3 stress avoidance decreased with leaf ageing. As a result, carbon assimilation rate was decreased by O3 while stomata did not close enough to limit transpirational water losses.
Growth characterization in a cohort of renal allograft recipients
Authors: Prada Rico Mayerly , Fernandez Hernandez Monica , Castellanos Marcela C. , Prado Agredo Olga L. , Pedraza Carvajal Alejandra , González Chaparro Luz E. , Gastelbondo Amaya Ricardo , Benavides Viveros Carlos A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionGrowth retardation is a common problem in children with CKD. This study aims to describe growth, prevalence of short stature before RTx, catch‐up growth after RTx, and associated factors.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 74 renal allograft recipients who underwent RTx at Fundación Cardioinfantil, Colombia, between January 2008 and September 2016 with follow‐up for 2 years afterwards. Pre‐RTx Height_SDS and demographic characteristics were compared between children with normal and short stature. Post‐RTx Height_SDS at 1 and 2 years post‐RTx and FAH, when available, were retrieved. Children were classified into catch‐up growth and no catch‐up growth groups depending on whether or not Height_SDS increased ≥0.5 per year within the first 2 years post‐RTx. Possible associated factors were compared.ResultsSeventy‐four patients were included. Mean age at RTx was 11 ± 4.0 years, and 43.2% (32/74) were females. Mean Height_SDS for the entire study population at pre‐RTx was −2.8 ± 1.5. Before RTx, 68.9% (51/74) had short stature, and 44.6% (33/74) had severe short stature. 37.2% presented catch‐up growth post‐RTx. Time on dialysis was associated with short pre‐RTx stature (OR 1.66; 95% CI [1.15‐2.39];P = .006) and catch‐up growth (OR 2.15; 95% CI [1.15‐3.99];P = .016). 44.59% (33/74) reached FAH, and 48.4% (16/33) presented short FAH.ConclusionsGrowth continues to be suboptimal after RTx. Given that pre‐RTx height is a significantly associated factor, it is important to plan early interventions in terms of growth improvement in these children.
Impact of a community‐based approach to patient engagement in rural, low‐income adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Glenn Lynn E. , Nichols Michelle , Enriquez Maithe , Jenkins Carolyn 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis secondary analysis examined the relationships between Patient Activation Measure (PAM) scores, use of health services, and HgA1C.DesignA feasibility study was conducted for a community‐based intervention for high‐risk adults with uncontrolled diabetes. Data were collected at baseline and monthly, including PAM and modified Diabetes Self‐Management Assessment Report Tool.InterventionParticipants (n = 58) were randomized to a 3‐month nurse (RN) telephone management or community health worker (CHW) in‐home intervention, focusing on medication adherence, timely follow‐up, diabetes self‐management coaching, and linkage to resources.ResultsSample was mostly female (73%), African‐American (90%), low income (75%), high school education or less (80%), and mean age of 59 years. A positive association between PAM score and self‐reported diabetes care recommendations was found (r = .356, p = .014) and significant correlation between baseline PAM score and HgA1C levels (r = −.306, p = .029). A paired samples t test showed statistically significant increases in PAM scores in the CHW intervention group (mean increase +8.5, CI [+2.49 to +14.65]); baseline (M = 60.31, SD = 13.3) to end of study ([M = 68.89, SD = 16.39], t(22) = 2.924, p = .008 [two‐tailed]).ConclusionA community‐based approach to diabetes management demonstrated a positive effect on patient activation. Although disparities in health care access among rural, low‐income populations exist, community‐based interventions show potential for improving patient engagement in diabetes management and recommended health services.
A call to act: RN volunteers needed in their communities
Authors: LoGrippo Maria Torchia , Brienza‐Arcilla Diane , Vaid Raoji Nina , Polakowski Jennifer 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveRecognizing registered nurses (RNs) as valued, trusted professionals to lead and advocate for healthier communities (Pittman, 2019), the New Jersey Action Coalition (NJAC) developed a model designed to match RN volunteers to community projects.DesignUsing a descriptive study design, researchers examined the numbers of RN volunteers and projects across 21 counties in NJ from 2016 to 2018.SampleThe sample consisted of the numbers of volunteers and projects from every county retrieved from the NJAC's website.MeasurementsIn addition to the NJAC data, researchers examined the percentage of RNs living in each county as well as data from County Health Rankings & Roadmaps© (University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, 2019). The counties were divided into three groups: high, moderate, and low overall health counties.ResultsAfter 2 years of implementing the NJAC model, the data revealed that, at minimum, there was one RN coach per county in the high overall health counties group. In the lower overall health counties group, there were fewer community projects, less RN coaches, and volunteers.ConclusionEngaging RN volunteers requires raising awareness of the needs of the community and the ways in which a RN can take action to promote public health and health equity.
Water‐soluble carbohydrates in Patzkea paniculata (L.): a plant strategy to tolerate snowpack reduction and spring drought in subalpine grasslands
Authors: Bernard L. , Decau M.‐L. , Morvan‐Bertrand A. , Lavorel S. , Clément J.‐C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

In subalpine grasslands of the central French Alps, cessation of traditional mowing promotes dominance of Patzkea paniculata (L.) G.H.Loos (Poaceae) tussocks, with high biomass but low fodder quality. Mowing limits P. paniculata abundance through the depletion of its water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) reserves, which sustain early spring growth initiation. However, the effectiveness of mowing effects is modulated by grassland functional composition, fertilization and climate change, as WSC compounds, and notably fructans, support plant physiological responses to climate stresses such as drought or frost.

To characterize the mechanisms underpinning the control of P. paniculata under global change, we tested the effects of climate manipulation (combined snow removal and drought) and management (cutting and fertilization) alone or in combination on P. paniculata WSC storage in assembled grassland communities of varying functional composition.

Management and climate treatments individually decreased seasonal fructan storage, with neither additive nor synergic effects between them, primarily due to the dominance of management over climate effects. Fructan amounts were higher in individuals growing in unmanaged exploitative communities compared to unmanaged conservative communities, regardless of climate treatments, but management overrode these differences.

Our findings suggest that reduction by combined snow removal and drought of P. paniculata carbon allocation to WSC storage may similarly limit its dominance to that in current mowing practices.
Premature centromere division (PCD) identified in a hucul mare with reproductive difficulties
Authors: Witarski Wojciech , Kij Barbara , Nowak Agnieszka , Bugno‐Poniewierska Monika 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA hucul mare with reproductive abnormalities was examined during karyotype analysis. The karyotype was analysed based on evaluation of 860 metaphase plates in chromosome preparations. The use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with an X chromosome painting probe showed premature X chromosome separation in 9.5% cases of examined chromosome spreads. In this report, we present the first identify premature centromere division (PCD) as a possible cause of abnormal X chromosome morphology in horses and as a probable cause of reproductive difficulties.
Recreational football is medicine against non‐communicable diseases: A systematic review
Authors: Sarmento Hugo , Manuel Clemente Filipe , Marques Adilson , Milanovic Zoran , David Harper Liam , Figueiredo António 
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this research was to conduct a systematic review of published articles related to the effect of recreational football on non‐communicable diseases.A systematic review of Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Only empirical studies were included. There were no restrictions on the types of study design eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome measures result from the potential effects of recreational football on non‐communicable diseases (eg, blood pressure, bone density, LDL cholesterol, and fat mass).A total of 44 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included. Recreational football is shown to: (a) decrease blood pressure and resting heart rate, improve cardiac structure and functioning, as well as increase maximal oxygen uptake in both sexes; (b) reduce cholesterol and triglycerides levels, increase insulin sensitivity, and have a positive impact on glycemic control; (c) improve bone mineralization, increase both bone mineral density and content, as well as acting as a stimulus for osteogenesis; and (d) be clearly beneficial for bone health, while slightly beneficial for body composition, muscle strength, and maximal oxygen uptake in adults with prostate cancer.The present systematic review demonstrated the benefits of recreational football practice on non‐communicable diseases related to cardiovascular and bone health, body composition, type 2 diabetes, and prostate cancer. The effectiveness of recreational football on the aforementioned diseases may be related to age and gender; however, further research is required.
Many dimensions of Asian American pan‐ethnicity
Authors: Lee Jess 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAsian Americans as a group consist of over 20 national origin groups with distinctive ethnicity, language, religion, cultural practices, immigration history, and perceptions of life in the United States. While “Asian American” has been interchangeably used to refer to both racial and pan‐ethnic grouping of individuals of Asian heritage, the exact meaning of the term varies contextually by one's ethnicity, experiences, and other social, structural, and cultural characteristics. In this article, I investigate three distinctive ways in which Asian Americans understand and enact upon their pan‐ethnicity: (a) as a political instrument, (b) as a social group identity, and (c) as a path of integration into the mainstream society. Then, I briefly discuss implications of pan‐ethnicity for Asian Americans, before turning to the discussion of ways in which future research could further investigate the complexities of pan‐ethnicity. I conclude by attempting to provide a nuanced definition of Asian American pan‐ethnicity based on the literature reviewed in this article.