bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AGE-RELATED FUNCTIONAL RESERVE DECLINE IS NOT SEEN IN PHARYNGEAL SWALLOWING PRESSURES
Authors: Jones Corinne A , Looper Melanie , McCulloch Timothy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Age-related decline in functional reserve has been described in tongue strength: tongue pressure during swallowing does not change with age, but maximal-effort isometric tongue pressure decreases with age. Healthy persons show a slight increase in pharyngeal swallowing pressure with age, but it is unknown if there is a similar decline in functional reserve. Fifty-six healthy adults (n=38 60 years) underwent pharyngeal high-resolution manometry during effortful and normal-effort thin liquid swallows. Repeated measures ANOVAs were performed on maximum pressures, pharyngeal contractile integral (PCI), pharyngeal pressure gradients, and upper esophageal sphincter minimum pressures. We hypothesized that older individuals would generate a less-robust pressure increase with effortful swallowing than younger individuals. Maximum pressures, PCI, and gradients increase during effortful swallowing (p&lt;0.001), but there was no interaction effect with age, suggesting a lack of age-related functional reserve decline. Older individuals had greater UES minimum pressures than younger individuals in the effortful swallowing task (p=0.03), which may stem from reduced muscular compliance in this area. These findings do not align with those reported in tongue pressures, suggesting that muscle properties and pressure generation may be fundamentally different between the pharynx and the oral tongue. Alternatively, the effortful swallowing task may not elicit maximum contractility of the pharyngeal musculature. The preserved ability to increase pharyngeal pressure during effortful swallowing may support the use of the effortful swallow exercise in older adults with swallowing disorders.
SELECTIVE NARROWING OF PERIPHERAL SOCIAL NETWORKS PREDICTS POOR LONG-TERM COGNITION IN OLD AGE
Authors: Liao Hsiao-Wen , Shavit Yochai Z , Carstensen Laura L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Socioemotional selectivity theory posits that emotionally meaningful goals such as spending precious time with close family and friends are prioritized in late life as a function of limited future time horizons. Research documents that older individuals include a smaller proportion of peripheral social partners than younger individuals in their social networks, and that this selectivity is associated with better daily emotional experience (English & Carstensen, 2014). Such limitation of social partners, however, might adversely affect cognitive function in the long run, since exposure to novel and cognitively stimulating environments has been tied to better cognitive functioning (Park et al., 2014). The current study examined the long-term association between proportions of peripheral social partners in older adults’ social networks and cognitive performance. Sixty-one older participants (Mage = 71.53) reported the size of their inner, middle, and outer social circles using the Social Convoy Questionnaire (Kahn & Antonucci, 1980) and completed Digit Span Backward, Digit Span Forward, and Digit Symbol tasks at baseline and five years later. Results of multiple regression analysis show that participants who had a smaller proportion of social partners in their outer social circle at baseline performed poorer on the Backward Span task assessed five years later than those with a larger outer circle proportion. Results hold controlling baseline cognition, physical health, age, SES, education, and trait openness. We discuss the findings in terms of potential tradeoffs between the age-related social selection and working memory in the long run.
EXPANDING SOCIAL TIES AS A GOAL IN LATER LIFE: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL NETWORK CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Oleskiewicz Danielle , Rook Karen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Older adults often winnow their social ties to focus on emotionally rewarding ties (Charles & Carstensen, 2010). Some older adults, however, have small social networks that preclude much winnowing or aversive social ties from which disengagement is difficult. These individuals might be motivated to expand, rather than contract, their social ties. The current study sought to extend knowledge regarding potential links between social network characteristics and older adults’ interest, effort, and success in creating new social ties. We expected that small social networks and negative social ties might motivate interest and effort directed toward forming new social ties but that positive social ties might foster success in efforts to form new ties. In-person interviews were conducted with participants (N = 351, Mean age = 74.16) in a larger study of older adults’ social networks and well-being. The interviews assessed participants’ social networks, as well as their interest, effort, and success in making new social ties. Participants’ social network composition, rather than size, was associated with greater motivation to establish new social ties. Negative social ties were associated with greater interest and effort directed toward forming new social ties. Positive social ties were related to greater success (due, in part, to their support provision) and, unexpectedly, were also related to greater interest and effort directed toward forming new ties. Older adults sometimes seek to expand, rather than contract, their social ties, and characteristics of their social networks appear to play a role in fueling and influencing the success of such efforts.
THE EFFECT OF OLDER ADULTS’ VOLUNTEERING ON THE SOCIAL SUPPORT
Authors: Kim Meeryoung 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
With increasing longevity, older adults need activities after retirement. Volunteering can be alternate for substituting role after retirement. Social capital is an important resource to start volunteering. Vice-versa, volunteering can increase their social network and social support. This study examined how the factors of volunteering affect emotional, instrumental and esteem support of older adults. This study used the 6th additional wave of the Korean Retirement and Income Study (2016). The sample size was 202 and target population were adults age 65+. Multiple regressions were used for data analysis.. Demographic variables (e.g. gender, age, etc) were controlled. Independent variables included volunteer time, how many places they volunteered at, whether volunteers were professionals providing pro-bono services or not, whether they were self-motivated or asked by others. For dependent variables, social support such as emotional, instrumental and esteem support were used. If volunteers were asked by others, emotional and esteem support were increased. If volunteers were self-motivated, it affected esteem support. If they were volunteering in multiple places, instrumental and esteem support were higher than volunteering in only one place. Length of volunteering time spent affected the instrumental support negatively. There were differences between those who were professionals versus nonprofessional volunteering affecting instrumental support. Nonprofessional volunteering affected instrumental support more than professional volunteering. These findings implied social support motivation, time, and whether the volunteer was a professional or not affected different kinds of social support differently. Findings show the importance of older adults doing volunteering to enhance social support.
DOES MOVING LATER IN LIFE INFLUENCE IN-PERSON CONTACT WITH CHILDREN, FAMILY, AND FRIENDS?
Authors: Cho Joonyoung , Smith Jacqui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Relocation is common in later life and older adults differ the distance they move. One possible consequence of relocation is that in-person contact frequency with social network members changes. To date, relatively little is known about how older adults’ in-person contact frequency with their children, family members, and friends is influenced by the distance they move and if this differs by age group (50-64, 65-74, 75+). To examine this, we used information from the Health and Retirement Study about geographic mobility and social network contact frequency. The sample was restricted to respondents over age 50 in the 2006 wave with data on contact frequency with children, family members, and friends in 2006 and 2014 (N=5159). Distance moved from 2006 to 2014 was categorized as: stayer, &lt;5 miles, 5–49.9 miles, and ≥50 miles. Linear regressions with covariates controlled revealed that moving ≥50 miles was significantly associated with less frequent in-person contact with family members (β=-0.31, 95%CI [- 0.46, -0.16], p≤0.001) and friends (β =-0.32, 95%CI [-0.46, -0.18], p≤0.001). Interestingly, the 50-64 group who moved ≥50 miles was less likely to meet up with their children (β=-.0.36, 95%CI [-0.56, -0.15], p≤0.001), family members (β=-0.31, 95%CI [-0.52, -0.11], p≤0.01) and friends (β=-0.21, 95%CI [-0.39, -0.03], p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, the 75+ group who moved ≥50 miles were significantly less likely to have in-person frequency only with their friends (β=-0.58, 95%CI [-1.04, -0.14], p≤0.05). These findings are discussed in relation to theories about social support and emotional well-being in old age.
SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL LONELINESS AS PREDICTORS OF COGNITION IN LATER LIFE
Authors: Hayslip Bert 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
To explore the viability of a model illustrating the potential relationship between both social and emotional loneliness and both psychometric and everyday cognition in later life, 575 older adults (M = 73.49) completed measures of crystallized (Gc) and fluid (Gf) ability as well as indicators of self-rated participation in 84 everyday cognitive activities, self-rated stimulatory value of each activity, attitudinal predisposition toward an engaged lifestyle and everyday cognitive failures. Measures of social support, caregiving stress, needs for cognition and cognitive self-efficacy were treated as mediators of the loneliness-psychometric/everyday cognition relationship, controlling for age, gender, health, and education. Hierarchical regression analyses suggested that social loneliness predicted (p &lt; .04) Gc as mediated by social support, cognitive self-efficacy and need for cognition, whereas emotional loneliness similarly predicted (p &lt; .04) Gf. Parallel analyses indicated that social loneliness predicted (p &lt; .04) everyday cognitive failures and that both social and emotional loneliness predicted (p &lt; .03) engaged lifestyle attitudes. In each case, the overall model was statistically significant (p &lt; .01). For everyday cognitive activities and the stimulation values of such, neither type of loneliness was predictive, though lifestyle attitudes and lifestyle activity were moderately interrelated. These findings support a model incorporating distinct dimensions of loneliness as a predictor of diverse aspects of both psychometric and everyday cognition. This suggests that not only are the antecedents of cognition in late adulthood social/emotional in nature, but also that interventions targeting the prevention of loneliness may enhance cognitive functioning in later life.
ADVANCE CARE PLANNING AMONG LGBT PEOPLE: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW AND ANALYSIS
Authors: Kcomt Luisa , Gorey Kevin M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people (LGBT) with advanced illness need culturally competent advanced care planning (ACP) services but often encounter structural and communication barriers. The aim of this study was to examine the ACP behaviors of LGBT people. An integrative rapid review method was used to search electronic databases for peer reviewed and non-peer reviewed publications between 2010 to 2017. Eight survey instruments comprising 30 prevalence estimates were analyzed. ACP discussions between LGBT people and their primary health care providers were rare, with an overall prevalence of 10%. Transgender people were 50–70% less likely than their LGB counterparts to have a living will or to have appointed a healthcare proxy. These results suggest there is a critical need for greater cultural competency among health care providers serving LGBT populations. Social workers can play a key role in advocacy and social justice for LGBT individuals with advanced illness.
FAMILY CAREGIVER READINESS: RACIAL DIFFERENCES AND RELIABILITY OF THE CAREGIVER READINESS SCALE
Authors: Marx Katherine A , Marx Katherine A , Parker Lauren J , Huang Jin , Scerpella Daniel , Rose Karen , Piersol Catherine V , Gitlin Laura N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The success of any intervention for caregivers of persons with dementia is dependent on the caregiver’s readiness to enact the strategies. This presentation explores the reliability of the new 17-item Caregiver Readiness Scale (CRS) and also to examine the differences by race in readiness. Participants were caregivers in the Dementia Behavior Study who completed the CRS at baseline (n=129). Caregivers were on average 65.8 years old (sd = 12.2, range 28-88), the majority reported their race as non-Hispanic white (64.3%, n=83) and 33.4% (n=43) reported their race as African American or other. The average CRS score was 57.63 (sd=5.72, 40-68) (α=0.73). The only significant interaction with race was negative communication (p=0.026) with negative communication scores having little effect on readiness in whites, but in non-white caregivers, there was an inverse relationship. Knowing the caregiver’s level of readiness and communication style may help improve the acceptability and success of an intervention.
REPORTING OF ADVERSE EVENTS IN BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION TRIALS: THE TAILORED ACTIVITY PROGRAM
Authors: Scerpella Daniel , Scerpella Danny L , Marx Katherine A , Gitlin Laura N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Adverse events (AE) are not regularly reported in behavioral research, especially when compared to similar reporting in pharmacological research. AE reporting is crucial for understanding the potential risks and outcomes of behavioral interventions as well as characterizing the study population. This presentation presents AE findings of a behavioral intervention to reduce neuropsychiatric behaviors in persons living with dementia, the Tailored Activity Program. A total of 250 dyads (persons living with dementia and caregivers) living in a community setting participated in this intervention, reporting 126 adverse events and 37 alerts. None of the events were attributable to the intervention, with the majority (46%) being related to the health of the person living with dementia or high depression scores in caregivers (19%). These results are analyzed in relation to outcomes and the potential frailty of this study population. Reporting AEs in behavioral trials is the best opportunity to inform treatment options.
LONELINESS AND ASSOCIATED OUTCOMES IN A LARGE SURVEY OF OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Barnes Timothy , Bhattarai Gandhi , Kraemer Sandra , Musich Shirley , Schaeffer James , Yeh Charlotte S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Loneliness and social isolation are major risk factors for poor physical and mental health among older adults. Studies demonstrate that loneliness is associated with depression, impaired cognitive performance, increased chronic disease, and mortality. However, the impact on other psychosocial constructs and healthcare outcomes remain understudied. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of loneliness and examine associations with socio-demographic, medical, and psychosocial characteristics in a large national survey of older adults (N=4,525). Overall, 43% of participants reported either moderate or severe loneliness. Older age, female gender, income, depression, hearing difficulty, and poorer health were all associated with loneliness. Purpose of life, resilience, optimism, and a diverse social network were associated with low loneliness. On average, lonely participants had a higher rate of emergency department visits, inpatient admissions, and medical costs. Based on findings, interventions should aim to alleviate loneliness among older adults.
ONLINE MINDFULNESS PROGRAM FOR LONELY OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Ungar Rachel , Wu Lizi , Keown Karen , Schaeffer James , Wicker Ellen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mindfulness meditation is a cognitive state of self-awareness that promotes emotional regulation and change in self-perspective. Mindfulness has been applied to address loneliness, stress, and anxiety, demonstrating consistent health benefits. The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of an online mindfulness program and to measure its impact on well-being among lonely older adults. The intervention consisted of seven one-hour weekly online modules led by a trained facilitator via WebEx. Engagement was high with 63% of participants attending four or more sessions. Pre/post survey data (N=42) found decreased anxiety, stress, and improvement in mindfulness, purpose in life, and resilience. This program demonstrates that online mindfulness programs may be of great benefit for lonely older adults. Future research will include larger samples to investigate further impacts.
COGNITIVE STIMULATION THERAPY FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH MEMORY LOSS
Authors: Zubatsky Max 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) is a non-pharmacological approach for individuals with mild to moderate dementia. It is one of the age friendly community activities of the GWEP to engage older adults with memory challenges. We explored the impact of caregiver-assisted CST (CA-CST) on participants’ overall memory, mood, and retention in the groups. We also investigated the impact of this CST format on the overall well-being of dementia caregivers. Four CST groups (N=28) entered the CA-CST groups meeting once per week for 14 weeks in a university setting. 61 % of participants who completed the group (n=17) showed a .5 point improvement on the Saint Louis University Mental Status Exam (SLUMS), a 2-point decrease on the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (p&lt;.01), and 1.5 point increase in overall caregiver well-being. Continued psychosocial interventions for dementia are needed not just in university settings, but healthcare organizations and other age-friendly settings.
LOOKING FORWARD: BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS (BRFSS) CAREGIVING DATA
Authors: McGuire Lisa C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), through its Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), collects data on caregivers and the caregiving situation as well as many health behaviors, annually. The BRFSS is the world’s largest ongoing health survey, administered in all 50 U.S. states, as well as the District of Columbia and the three U.S. territories, with data collected from more than 400,000 respondents. In 2015-2017, the 9-item caregiving module was administered in 44 states, DC, and Puerto Rico on the BRFSS. CDC’s Alzheimer’s Disease and Healthy Aging Program has developed many data for action resources for use by states and other partners to help identify populations and communities most at need. This presentation will describe future enhancements with the BRFSS caregiving module and the series CDC developed resources to facilitate date utilization, including state-specific infographics, data briefs, and the online data portal.
DETERMINANTS OF NEUROCOGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND DEMENTIA IN ENGLAND AND JAPAN
Authors: Cadar Dorina , Shirai Kokoro 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Dementia is one of the major contributors to disability and dependency amongst the elderly populations and a significant public health concern. Even though the prevalence of dementia in the UK is rising due to higher numbers of people surviving into older ages, recent evidence suggests that the UK is experiencing a decline in dementia incidence. By contrast, Japan has witnessed a different trend, with increases in both incidence and prevalence. This difference could be related to diagnostic practices within each country, or to the cultural variability in the risk and protective factors driving these emerging forecasts that remain fundamentally different between the UK and Japan. Research in this field has been dominated by clinical studies of dementia mostly conducted in the UK and US, and the current evidence lacks reliable national data on dementia incidence. Socioeconomic inequalities and social determinants of neurocognitive health and dementia risk in two longitudinal studies of ageing: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) from the UK and Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study of Aging (JAGES). These studies are ideally placed for addressing pivotal research questions in gerontology: 1. What are the biopsychosocial determinants of cognitive impairment and dementia in England and Japan? 2. What are the potential exploratory mechanisms related to the divergent trends in dementia incidence observed in England and Japan? 3. What are the critical differences between the social determinants of dementia in England and Japan?
LONELINESS, SOCIAL ISOLATION, AND DOMAINS OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN THE ENGLISH LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF AGEING
Authors: Abell Jessica G , Abell Jessica , Cadar Dorina , Llewellyn David J , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Globally the numbers of older people who live alone and those who may experience certain risk factors have risen. In this study, we aim to examine associations between social isolation and loneliness with different domains of cognitive impairment. Data are from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Social isolation and loneliness were measured in 2012-2013 and cognition in 2017-2018, using the Harmonised Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) in 1,200 men and women aged ≥65 years. General cognitive impairment was measured using the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE); memory was assessed using the CERAD word list, attention & speed using the Symbol-Digit Modalities Test and executive function by a number series test. Loneliness, measured using the UCLA scale, was associated with a higher risk of neurocognitive impairment (MMSE&lt;24), lower memory scores, poorer attention and executive function. However, social isolation was only found only to be associated with lower levels of memory.
CHANGES IN SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE AND DEMENTIA ONSET IN JAPAN GERONTOLOGICAL EVALUATION STUDY
Authors: Sakaniwa Ryoto , Sakaniwa Ryoto , Shirai Kokoro , iso hiroyasu , Kondo Katsunori 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with dementia onset, but its transition throughout the life-course is poorly understood. In a prospective cohort of 40,041 participants, aged over 65 years without dementia, we identified ten optimal classifications of life-course SES transitions and their associated impact on dementia. Our results showed a clear significant dose-response pattern with the highest risk of dementia from 1) impoverished SES throughout, 2) impoverished childhood SES with normal adult SES, 3) impoverished adult SES with self-employed in adulthood, 4) high educated with poor adult SES, 5) never having a job, 6) low educated but high SES (self- employed), 7) technician, 8) high educated with poor adult SES, 9) average SES throughout, and 10) high SES throughout. These results suggest that life-course SES history is strongly associated with dementia risk and did not interact with single scale measurement. Further causal pathways and theories are relevant for disease modification.