bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
¿Gestión de la distancia o reajuste de jurisdicciones? La propuesta de fundación de un tribunal del Santo Oficio en las Filipinas por el jesuita Francisco Velho (1658)
Authors: Rodrigues Lourenço Miguel 
Published: October 2020

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la labor del hermano jesuita Francisco Velho como procurador general de la provincia de Filipinas en Madrid. Durante su estancia en la corte, Velho presentó un conjunto de tres memoriales que pretendían resolver la difícil cuestión de la dependencia espiritual de las islas Molucas. Su iniciativa le llevó a proponer al Consejo de Indias y al Consejo de la Suprema Inquisición la creación de un tribunal del Santo Oficio en Manila. En este estudio, analizaremos el rol que desempeñó el Santo Oficio en la estrategia del procurador general de la provincia de Filipinas. De la misma manera, consideraremos las razones que posteriormente resultaron en el fracaso del proyecto.
Contra los gravísimos males que combaten la Religión y el Estado: Inquisición e Iglesia en Cuba a inicios del siglo XIX
Authors: Fernández Mellén Consolación 
Published: October 2020

Entre 1810 y 1824, las Antillas españolas fueron testigos de cómo el territorio de la América continental iniciaba, maduraba y culminaba su proceso de independencia y de una España que, a partir de la invasión francesa de la península Ibérica en 1808, vivió sus dos primeras experiencias liberales. Ambos desarrollos históricos supusieron la subversión del orden que representaba la monarquía absoluta, al momento en la persona de Fernando VII, y sus consecuencias se dejaron sentir en las islas. Tras el restablecimiento del absolutismo, en Cuba surgieron voces que buscaron adaptar la actividad inquisitorial a una nueva realidad que, impuesta por acontecimientos externos, condicionó el desarrollo y la efectividad de la actuación de los ministros de la Inquisición en la isla. El presente artículo se propone rescatar un proyecto de establecer un nuevo tribunal de Inquisición en La Habana, que fue presentado como un instrumento para el control de las ideas, la defensa de la religión y contra la herejía.
Application of a Customized Total Talar Prosthesis for Revision Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Morita Shigeki , Taniguchi Akira , Miyamoto Takuma , Kurokawa Hiroaki , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: October 2020

Background:
The rate of revision surgery for total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is higher than for hip and knee arthroplasties. Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis is widely used; however, it requires a large allograft. Thus, the use of a customized total talar prosthesis in combination with the tibial component of TAA (combined TAA) may be an effective strategy for talar component subsidence. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic effectiveness of the combined TAA in such revision cases.

Methods:
Between 2000 and 2015, 10 patients (10 women; 10 ankles) were treated using the combined TAA for revision after standard TAA or combined procedures that included the use of a talar body prosthesis. In 6 patients, the tibial component was concurrently replaced. The median follow-up period was 49 months (interquartile range [IQR], 24.5 to 90 months). The Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot (JSSF) ankle-hindfoot scale score, a numerical rating scale (NRS) pain score, passive range of motion of the ankle, and the presence of osteophytes and degenerative changes in the adjacent joints were assessed preoperatively and at final postoperative follow-up.

Results:
The median NRS pain score improved significantly, from 7 (IQR, 6.25 to 8.75) to 2 (IQR, 1 to 3). The median JSSF ankle-hindfoot scale total score improved significantly, from 64 (IQR, 56.25 to 71.5) to 88.5 (IQR, 79.75 to 96). In the subcategories of this scale, the median pain score improved from 20 (IQR, 20 to 27.5) to 35 (IQR, 30 to 40), and the median function score improved from 34 (IQR, 26.5 to 37) to 43.5 (IQR, 39.75 to 46). The median range of motion improved from 29° (IQR, 25.5° to 35°) to 35° (IQR, 31.25° to 43.75°). No significant difference in osteophyte formation was found. Degenerative changes in the adjacent joint were found only in the talonavicular joint.

Conclusions:
The combined TAA, used in revision for postoperative complications after standard TAA or combined procedures including the use of a talar body prosthesis, was associated with improved objective JSSF ankle-hindfoot scale scores, subjective pain assessment, and range of motion in the ankle.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Pore-water chemistry: A proxy for tracking the signature of ongoing silica diagenesis
Authors: Varkouhi Shahab , Tosca Nicholas J. , Cartwright Joseph A. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Silica diagenesis leads to dramatic petrophysical variations in the host sediment across the depth of an opal-A to opal-CT transition zone. Predicting the present-day diagenetic status of opal-A to opal-CT transition zones, i.e., active versus fossilized fronts, is essential to constraining the drivers that control abrupt changes in the physical state of sediment. This study assesses whether there are modern signatures of ongoing silica diagenesis in the sediment pore water, and demonstrates the potential for pore-water-chemistry profiles for distinguishing between active opal-CT precipitation and fossil transition zones. Pore-water chemistry, mineralogy, and thermodynamic analyses of the Ocean Drilling Program Wells 794 and 795 indicate that solubility equilibrium has been reached with respect to opal-CT in the transition zones captured by the Neogene biosilica in the Sea of Japan. Even though silica dissolution might be triggering a reverse-weathering process, the equilibrium reached with respect to diagenetic opal strongly suggests that the silica drop across the transition zones is mainly influenced by active opal-A to opal-CT transformation. Owing to abrupt petrophysical variations associated with opal-CT formation, other interstitial profiles—major ions and primary parameters—have been influenced by silica diagenesis. The extremely low silica diffusion fluxes in the sediment, the low permeability of host sediment, and the occurrence of considerable pore-water loss at the depth of the transition zone all support this conclusion that the dissolved species have not been diffused in the sediment at rates comparable to those by pore-water advection. Advection and diffusion, however, appear to have ceased recently because they have failed to smooth the signature of ongoing silica diagenesis. The porosity drop during opal-A to opal-CT diagenesis at Sites 794 and 795 is principally attributed to chemically induced anomalous compaction, causing the sediment framework to lose its strength under fragmentation and extensive opal-A dissolution.
Cause and Predictors of Neonatal Mortality among Neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units of Public Hospitals in eastern Ethiopia: Facilities based Prospective follow-up study
Authors: Desalew Assefa , Sintayehu Yitagesu , Teferi Nardos , Amare Firehiwot , Geda Bifitu , Worku Teshager , Abera Kebebush , Asefaw Abiyot 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The first month is the most crucial period for child survival. Neonatal mortality is stagnated in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. And the trend in reduction is slower than infant and child mortality. The facilities-based cause and predictor of neonatal death in the neonatal intensive care unit were not well documented in this study setting. Hence the aim of this study was to determine the cause and predictors of neonatal mortality among neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care units in eastern Ethiopia. Method: Facilities-based prospective follow-up study was conducted among neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care units of public hospitals in eastern Ethiopia from November to December 2018. Data were collected using pre-tested, structured questionnaire and follow-up checklist. The main outcomes, cause of death was set by senior pediatricians and residents. Epi-Data 3.1 and SPSS 25 version software were used for entry and analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to find out the predictors of facilities-based neonatal mortality.Result: The proportion of facilities-based neonatal mortality was 20%. The top five cause of death was a complication of prematurity 49%, birth asphyxia 37.8%, infection 32.6%, meconium aspiration syndrome 17.3% and congenital malformation 6.1%. Low birth weight, preterm births, length of stay, low 5thminutes Apgar score, hyperthermia and initiation of feeding were predictors of neonatal death among Neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care units in public hospitals, eastern Ethiopia.ConclusionIn summary, the proportion of facilities-based Neonatal death was unacceptably high. The main causes of death were preventable and treatable. Hence, early detection, anticipating high-risk newborns and timely intervention is very essential. Furthermore, early initiation of feeding and a better referral linkage to tertiary facilities could contribute for reduction of neonatal death in this setting.
Gender Differences in the Effect of Medical Humanities Program on Medical Students' Empathy: A Prospective Longitudinal Study&nbsp;
Authors: Lwow Michal , Canetti Laura , Muszkat Mordechai 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have suggested that Medical students' empathy declines during medical school, especially during the clinical studies. The aim of this study was to examine. changes in medical students' empathy during their first clinical experience, and to determine the impact of gender and humanities curriculum on empathy changes. Methods: In this prospective longitudinal study, 262 4th year students from three consecutive classes were assessed. Empathy was assessed before and at 4th-year-end, using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-Student Version (JSPE-S). The three classes differed in humanities curriculum [limited Medical Humanities (MH(lim)) vs. extended Medical Humanities (MH(ext))], and in admission system [Personal Interview (PI) vs. multiple mini interviews (MMI)]. Results: Overall, there was a small but significant decrease in JSPE-S during the fourth year (114.40±11.32 vs. 112.75±14.19, p= 0.034). Among men there was a statistically significant decline in JSPE-S during the fourth year, and the MH(ext) (but not the MH(lim)) was associated with the decline (t(35) = 2.38, p = 0.023). Women students showed no decline in empathy during the fourth-year of studies, regardless of type of humanities program. In addition, women who participated in MH(ext) had a higher JSPE-S scores during the 4th -year as compared to women who participated in MH(lim). Conclusion: Pre-clinical humanities program was associated with a decline in empathy among men medical students during the fourth-year of medical studies. Gender differences in response to medical humanities programs require further study.
Assessing immune infiltration and the tumor microenvironment for the diagnosis and prognosis of sarcoma
Authors: Zhu Naiqiang , Hou Jingyi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Sarcomas, cancers originating from mesenchymal cells, are comprehensive tumors with poor prognoses, yet their tumorigenic mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we characterize infiltrating immune cells and analyze immune scores to identify the molecular mechanism of immunologic response to sarcomas.Method: The “CIBERSORT” algorithm was used to calculate the amount of L22 immune cell infiltration in sarcomas. Then, the “ESTIMATE” algorithm was used to assess the “Estimate,” “Immune,” and “Stromal” scores. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was utilized to identify the significant module related to the immune therapeutic target. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed using the “clusterProfiler” package in R for annotation and visualization. Results: Macrophages were the most common immune cells infiltrating sarcomas. The number of CD8 T cells was negatively associated with that of M0 and M2 macrophages, and positively associated with M macrophages in sarcomas samples. The clinical parameters (disease type, gender) significantly increased with higher Estimate, Immune, and Stromal scores, and with a better prognosis. The blue module was significantly associated with CD8 T cells. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the blue module was mainly involved in chemokine signaling and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. CD48, P2RY10 and RASAL3 were identified and validated at the protein level.Conclusion: Based on the immune cell infiltration and immune microenvironment, three key genes were identified, thus presenting novel molecular mechanisms of sarcoma metastasis.
Reducing burden from respiratory infections in refugees and immigrants: a systematic review of interventions in OECD, EU, EEA and EU-applicant countries
Authors: Lambert Jan-Frederic , Stete Katarina , Balmford James , Bockey Annabelle , Kern Winfried , Rieg Siegbert , Boeker Martin , Lange Berit 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Respiratory diseases are a major reason for refugees and other immigrants seeking health care in countries of arrival. The burden of respiratory diseases in refugees is exacerbated by sometimes poor living conditions characterised by crowding in mass accommodations and basic living portals. The lack of synthesised evidence and guideline-relevant information to reduce morbidity and mortality from respiratory infections endangers this population.Methods: A systematic review of all controlled and observational studies assessing interventions targeting the treatment, diagnosis and management of respiratory infections in refugees and immigrants in OECD, EU, EEA and EU-applicant countries published between 2000 and 2019 in MEDLINE, CINAHL, PSYNDEX and Web of Science.Results: Nine of 5779 identified unique records met our eligibility criteria. Seven studies reported an increase in vaccine coverage from 2% – 52% after educational multilingual interventions for respiratory-related childhood diseases (4 studies) and for influenza (5 studies). There was limited evidence in one study that hand sanitiser reduced rates of upper respiratory infections and when provided together with face masks also the rates of influenza-like-illness in a hard to reach migrant neighbourhood. In outbreak situations of vaccine-preventable diseases, secondary cases and outbreak hazards were reduced by general vaccination strategies early after arrival but not by serological testing after exposure (1 study). We identified evidence gaps regarding interventions assessing housing standards, reducing burden of bacterial pneumonia and implementation of operational standards in refugee care and reception centres.Conclusions: Multilingual health literacy interventions should be considered to increase uptake of vaccinations in refugees and immigrants. Immediate vaccinations upon arrival at refugee housings may reduce secondary infections and outbreaks. Well-designed controlled studies on housing and operational standards in refugee and immigrant populations early after arrival as well as adequate ways to gain informed consent for early vaccinations in mass housing is required to inform guidelines.
The impacts and unintended consequences of the nationwide pricing reform for drugs and medical services in the urban public hospitals in China
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxi , Lai Hongyu , Zhang Lidan , He Jiangjiang , Fu Bo , Jin Chunlin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Since 2015, China has been rolling out the pricing reform for drugs and medical services (PRDMS) in the urban public hospitals in order to reduce drug expenditures and to relieve financial burdens of patients. This study aims at evaluating the effectiveness of the reform and investigating its positive impacts and unintended consequences to provide evidence basis for further policy making.Methods The Difference-in-difference (DID) approach was employed to analyze the reform impacts on the 31 provincial administrative areas in China based on data abstracted from China Statistics Yearbooks and China Health Statistics Yearbooks from 2012 to 2018.Results The reform resulted in a decrease of 7.59% in drug cost per outpatient visit, a decrease of 5.73% in drug cost per inpatient admission, a decrease of 3.63% in total cost per outpatient visit and an increase of 9.10% in surgery cost per inpatient admission in the intervention group. However, no significant change in examination cost was found. The reduction in the medical cost per inpatient admission was not yet demonstrated, nor was that in the total outpatient/ inpatient expenses. The nationwide pricing reform for drugs and medical services in urban public hospitals (PRDMS-U) in China is demonstrated to be effective in cutting down the drug expenditures. However, the revealed unintended consequences indicate that there are still significant challenges for the reform to reach its ultimate goal of curbing the medical expenditures.Conclusion We conclude that the pricing reform alone may not be enough to change the profit-driven behavior of medical service providers as the root cause lies in the unchanged incentive scheme for providers in the service delivery. This holds lessons for policy making of other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with similar health systems set up in the achievement of Universal Health Coverage (UHC).
Comparison of Health Care Utilization Among Patients Affiliated and Not Affiliated with Healthcare Professionals in China
Authors: Si Yafei , Zhou Zhongliang , Su Min , Hu Han , Yang Zesen , Chen Xi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Doing “more” in healthcare can be a major threat to the delivery of high-quality health care. It is important to identify the supplier-induced demand (SID) of health care. This study aims to test SID hypothesis by comparing health care utilization among patients affiliated with healthcare professionals and their counterpart patients not affiliated with healthcare professionals.Methods We used coarsened exact matching to compare the health care utilization and expenditure between patients affiliated and not affiliated with healthcare professionals. Using the cross-sectional data of the China Labour-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS) in 2014, we identified 806 patients affiliated with healthcare professionals and 22788 patients not affiliated with healthcare professionals. The main outcomes were outpatient proportion and expenditure as well as inpatient proportion and expenditure.Results The matched outpatient proportion of patients not affiliated with healthcare professionals was 0.6% higher (P=0.754) than that of their counterparts, and the matched inpatient proportion was 1.1% lower (P=0.167). Patients not affiliated with healthcare professionals paid significantly more (680 CNY or 111 USD, P<0.001) than their counterparts did per outpatient visit (1126 CNY [95% CI 885-1368] vs. 446 CNY [95% CI 248-643]), while patients not affiliated with healthcare professionals paid insignificantly less (2061 CNY or 336 USD, P=0.751) than their counterparts did per inpatient visit (15583 CNY [95% CI 12052-19115] vs. 17645 CNY [95% CI 4884-30406]).Conclusion Our results lend support on supplier-induced demand hypothesis and highlight the need for policies to address the large outpatient care expenses of patients not affiliated with healthcare professionals. Our study also suggests that as the public becomes more informed, the demand of health care may persist while heath care expenditure per outpatient visit may decrease sharply due to the decline in supplier-induced demand. As significant misbehaviors performed by providers, it’s important to create right incentives to offer less avoidable healthcare service during outpatient visits may work to reduce healthcare costs.
The effect of 3D-printed plastic teeth on scores in a tooth morphology course in a Chinese university
Authors: Wang Helin , Xu Haokun , Zhang Junhua , Yu Shibin , Wang Meiqing , Qiu Jun , Zhang Mian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The tooth morphology course is an important basic dental course. However, it is difficult to fully reflect the three-dimensional (3D) morphological characteristics of tooth structure in two-dimensional pictures in traditional textbooks. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of 3D-printed plastic model teeth in the teaching of tooth morphology. Methods: Twenty-two undergraduate students who matriculated at the School of Stomatology, the Fourth Medical University, in 2014 and 23 who matriculated in 2016 participated in the study. Each student who matriculated in 2016 was given a full set of fourteen standard 3D-printed plastic model teeth for use during the learning process, and an anonymous questionnaire was used to evaluate the usefulness of the 3D-printed plastic model teeth from the perspective of the students. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in the scores of the theoretical examination or the total score. However, for the score of the sculpted gypsum teeth, the students who used the 3D-printed plastic model teeth in their studies scored significantly higher (P=0.002). More than 90% of the students thought that the 3D-printed plastic model teeth were of great help or were very helpful for mastering the anatomy of teeth and for carving the gypsum teeth. Conclusion: Standard 3D-printed plastic teeth can effectively assist students in learning tooth morphology by transforming two-dimensional pictures and descriptions in the textbook into a 3D conformation, effectively promoting students' learning and mastery of tooth morphology and structure. Additionally, the results suggest that 3D-printed plastic model teeth are of great help to the students in mastering and improving their carving skills.