bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐Dimensional Printed Model Fabrication and Effectiveness Evaluation in Fetuses With Congenital Heart Disease or With a Normal Heart
Authors: Huang Jia , Shi Hua , Chen Qian , Hu Jiaqi , Zhang Yuguo , Song Hongning , Zhou Qing 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the technical feasibility and accuracy of applying 3‐dimensional (3D) printing of normal and abnormal fetal hearts based on spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) volume‐rendered data.MethodsSpatiotemporal image correlation volume images of 15 healthy fetuses and 15 fetuses with cardiac abnormalities were collected, and Mimics software (Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium) was used to postprocess the volume data to obtain a 3D digital model of fetal heart and large blood vessel morphologic characteristics and to output the file to a 3D printer for printing the 3D model of the fetal heart and large blood vessels. The effect accuracy of the 3D printed model was qualitatively evaluated by showing the 3D anatomic structure of the model combined with echocardiographic or autopsy results, and the dimensional accuracy of the 3D printed model was quantitatively evaluated by comparing the measured data of the model and echocardiography.ResultsIn all 30 fetuses, STIC volume data of the fetal heart were successfully reprocessed and printed out, which could visually display the morphologic characteristics of the fetal heart chamber and passage of the great vessels under normal and abnormal pathologic conditions. No significant differences in all of the heart size parameters were found between the 3D digital model, 3D printed model, and routine echocardiographic images (all P > .05). Moreover, the size parameters were concordant well between the methods, and all of the data points fell within the limits of agreement.ConclusionsIt is feasible to 3D print the fetal heart using STIC volumetric images as the data source, and the 3D printed model can fully and accurately display abnormal anatomic structures of the heart.
Impact of Cochlear Implant With Diametric Magnet on Imaging Access, Safety, and Clinical Care
Authors: Young Nancy M. , Hoff Stephen R , Ryan Maura 
Published: June 2020

Objectives/HypothesisReview safety and effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients implanted with a cochlear implant (CI) containing a diametric magnet housed within the undersurface of the device.Study DesignRetrospective chart review with additional review of MRI at a tertiary‐care children's hospital.MethodsSeven patients with mean age of 8.4 years (range = 1.3–19 years) with a diametric magnet in situ during MRI. The intervention comprised one or more sessions of 1.5 T or 3.0 T MRI without a head wrap. The main outcome measures were the occurrence of magnet‐related complications including discomfort and magnet displacement, use of anesthesia or sedation, and clinical usefulness of MRI studies.ResultsSeven CI recipients underwent 17 episodes of 1.5 or 3.0 T MRI with an in situ diametric magnet. Thirteen of 17 (76%) MRI sessions were completed in awake patients. No patients had device‐related discomfort. No magnet‐related complications occurred. Thirteen of 14 (93%) brain studies were clinically useful despite artifacts.ConclusionsThe diametric magnet enabled MRI with magnet in situ without the discomfort or magnet displacement associated with removable axial magnets. The reduction in MRI magnet‐related complications occurred because torque is not directed perpendicular and outward from the plane of the magnet, and the magnet is securely contained within its housing. The design of this device increased access and reduced the need for sedation or anesthesia.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E952–E956, 2021
Terrestrial exports of dissolved and particulate organic carbon affect nearshore ecosystems of the Pacific coastal temperate rainforest
Authors: St. Pierre Kyra A. , Oliver Allison A. , Tank Suzanne E. , Hunt Brian P. V. , Giesbrecht Ian , Kellogg Colleen T. E. , Jackson Jennifer M. , Lertzman Ken P. , Floyd William C. , Korver Maartje C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWatersheds of the coastal temperate rainforests of Pacific North America export large amounts of organic carbon (OC) to the coastal ocean. While it has been suggested that terrestrially derived organic matter could subsidize marine food webs and affect ocean biogeochemistry along the coastal margin, little work has been done to quantify and characterize OC across the freshwater to marine continuum. We conducted monthly and targeted rainfall event surveys of dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC) quantity and quality (δ13C, dissolved organic matter characterization) across a freshwater to marine salinity gradient between Calvert and Hecate Islands, British Columbia, Canada. Freshwater DOC concentrations (9.97 ± 0.25 mg L−1) far exceeded those in marine waters (1.24 ± 0.03 mg L−1), while POC concentrations were similar across all sites (0.23 ± 0.01 mg L−1). δ13C‐DOC and ‐POC in freshwaters were constant, but varied seasonally at the marine stations with freshwater and marine processes. Rainfall events facilitated the rapid export of terrestrial DOC and POC to coastal waters, altering water quality and potentially subsidizing microbial productivity across marine surface waters. On an annual basis, primary production in marine waters (21–42 Gg C) exceeded total freshwater OC contributions (1.8–2.2 Gg C); however, freshwater exports were more important during the autumn and winter months, when rainfall was highest and primary production was limited by shorter days and deep turbulent mixing. Our results highlight the importance of storms for connecting the coastal temperate rainforest with surface coastal waters, especially during the summer when connectivity between the freshwater and marine ecosystems is otherwise low.
Topological Valley Hall Edge State Lasing
Authors: Zhong Hua , Li Yongdong , Song Daohong , Kartashov Yaroslav V. , Zhang Yiqi , Zhang Yanpeng , Chen Zhigang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTopological lasers based on topologically protected edge states exhibit unique features and enhanced robustness of operation in comparison with conventional lasers, even in the presence of disorder, edge deformation, or local defects. Here a new class of topological lasers arising from the valley Hall edge states is proposed, which does not rely on magnetic fields. Specifically, topological lasing occurs at domain walls between two honeycomb waveguide arrays with broken spatial inversion symmetry. Two types of valley Hall edge lasing modes are found by shaping the gain landscape along the domain walls. In the presence of uniform losses and two‐photon absorption, the lasing results in the formation of stable nonlinear dissipative excitations localized on the edge of the structure, even if it has complex geometry and even if it is finite. Robustness of lasing edge states is demonstrated in both periodic and finite structures, where such states can circumvent certain corners without scattering losses or radiation into the bulk, as long as the intervalley scattering is absent. The photonic structure and mechanism proposed here for topological lasing is fundamentally different from those previously employed in topological lasers, and can be used for fabrication of practical topological lasers of various geometries.
Bioactive Polylactide Fibrous Materials Prepared by Crazing Mechanism
Authors: Khavpachev Mukhamed A. , Trofimchuk Elena S. , Nikonorova Nina I. , Garina Elisaveta S. , Moskvina Marina A. , Efimov Alexander V. , Demina Varvara A. , Bakirov Artem V. , Sedush Nikita G. , Potseleev Vladislav V. , Cherdyntseva Tatiana A. , Chvalun Sergei N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBioactive suture materials made of biodegradable polymers containing biologically active substances are increasingly demanded in contemporary surgical practice. Herein, the functional fibrous materials are produced by structural modification of polylactide (PLA) fibers according to the crazing mechanism in water–ethanol solutions. The threshold of ethanol concentration, at which the breaking elongation of the polymer substantially increases (up to 600–700%), is found to be 30 wt%. The crazing mechanism is employed to fill the porous structure of PLA fibers by different antiseptic substances (brilliant green, iodine, and fuchsin). PLA loaded by 0.8 wt% of brilliant green exhibits antimicrobial activity on Escherichia coli and Candida guilliermondii. The additive is released stepwise for a prolongated time period (2.5 months). The addition of 1–6 wt% iodine dramatically accelerates the polymer degradation in sodium‐phosphate buffer solution at 37 °C. The obtained filled fibers may possess great interest for producing suture materials with prolonged action of functional components and variable degradation times.
Long‐Chain Alkyl Epoxides and Glycidyl Ethers: An Underrated Class of Monomers
Authors: Verkoyen Patrick , Frey Holger 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLong‐chain epoxides and specifically alkyl glycidyl ethers represent a class of highly hydrophobic monomers for anionic ring‐opening polymerization (AROP), resulting in apolar aliphatic polyethers. In contrast, poly(ethylene glycol) is known for its high solubility in water. The combination of hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers in block and statistical copolymerization reactions enables the synthesis of amphiphilic polyethers for a wide range of purposes, utilizing micellar interactions in aqueous solutions, e.g., viscosity enhancement of aqueous solutions, formation of supramolecular hydrogels, or for polymeric surfactants. Controlled polymerization of these highly hydrophobic long‐chain epoxide monomers via different synthesis strategies, AROP, monomer‐activated anionic ring‐opening polymerization, catalytic polymerization, or via postmodification, enables precise control of the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance. This renders amphiphilic polymers highly interesting candidates for specialized applications, e.g., as co‐surfactants in microemulsion systems. Amphiphilic polyethers based on propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, such as poloxamers are already utilized in many established applications due to the high biocompatibility of the polyether backbone. Long alkyl chain epoxides add an interesting perspective to this area and permit structural tailoring. This review gives an overview of the recent developments regarding the synthesis of amphiphilic polyethers bearing long alkyl chains and their applications.
Effect of Silane‐Based External Donor to Product Properties of Homopolypropylene Synthesized by Ziegler–Natta Catalyst
Authors: Herlambang Bayu , Chadarwati Sekar Ayu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPolypropylene utilization has been rapidly growing since its discovery in 1954 due to its unique combination of mechanical and chemical properties. Most polypropylene manufacturer use MgCl2‐supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst comprises of MgCl2 support, internal donor, and active site of TiCl4. Addition of cocatalyst and external donor are also necessary in polymerization process. External donor, also known as selectivity control agent is often used in polypropylene production for stereo‐selectivity control as well as for product properties adjustment. The effect of two different silane‐based donor cyclohexylmethyldimethoxysilane (C‐Donor) and dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane (D‐Donor) on the product properties are studied. The impact is observed in homopolypropylene with similar melt flow rate synthesized with Ziegler–Natta catalyst. Product properties such as resin fundamental properties (xylene soluble, color), film physical properties (tensile strength, elongation), and film optical properties (clarity, haze, gloss) are observed and evaluated. From the series of testing, both C‐donor and D‐donor products perform comparable fundamental, physical, and optical properties. This study shows that the type of silane‐based external donor gives only slight effect to homopolypropylene product properties.
Study of Analysis Method on Microplastic Identification in Bottled Drinking Water
Authors: Zainuddin Zarlina , Syuhada  
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicroplastic has attracted the attention of the scientific community since the last 3 years due to its effects and damages to the environment. Microplastics are defined as tiny solid plastics generally ranging from 20 µm to 5 mm in diameter. They are roughly classified into small (20 µm–1 mm) and large (1–5 mm) microplastics. In this study two preparation methods to analyze the presence of microplastics in bottled drinking water are developed. Microplastic in drinking water is isolated by direct filtration and drying methods. By drying method, the isolated material is then analyzed using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) instrument. Since the isolated material from filtration method is observed by digital microscope and further analyzed using FTIR microscope. FTIR microscope has been used to identify the type of plastic material. The small size of a particle starting at 20 microns can be identified using this instrument. Microplastics, high density polyethylene, and polyethylene terephthalate, size 20–200 µm are spiked in drinking water as control. The observation of the filtrates shows that microplastic only appeared in drinking water that has been spiked with microplastic. Further plastic identification using FTIR spectroscopy, DSC, and TGA needs microplastic in large amount.
Loss of prdm1a accelerates melanoma onset and progression
Authors: Iwanaga Ritsuko , Truong Brittany T. , Hsu Jessica Y. , Lambert Karoline A. , Vyas Rajesh , Orlicky David , Shellman Yiqun G. , Tan Aik‐Choon , Ceol Craig , Artinger Kristin Bruk 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMelanoma is an aggressive, deadly skin cancer derived from melanocytes, a neural crest cell derivative. Melanoma cells mirror the developmental program of neural crest cells in that they exhibit the same gene expression patterns and utilize similar cellular mechanisms, including increased cell proliferation, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and migration. Here we studied the role of neural crest regulator PRDM1 in melanoma onset and progression. In development, Prdm1a functions to promote neural crest progenitor fate, and in melanoma, we found that PRDM1 has reduced copy number and is recurrently deleted in both zebrafish and humans. When examining expression of neural crest and melanocyte development genes, we show that sox10 progenitor expression is high in prdm1a−/− mutants, while more differentiated melanocyte markers are reduced, suggesting that normally Prdm1a is required for differentiation. Data mining of human melanoma datasets indicates that high PRDM1 expression in human melanoma is correlated with better patient survival and decreased PRDM1 expression is common in metastatic tumors. When one copy of prdm1a is lost in the zebrafish melanoma model Tg(mitfa:BRAFV600E);p53−/−;prdm1a+/−, melanoma onset occurs more quickly, and the tumors that form have a larger area with increased expression of sox10. These data demonstrate a novel role for PRDM1 as a tumor suppressor in melanoma.
Development and Validation of the Orthostatic Tremor Severity and Disability Scale (OT‐10)
Authors: Merola Aristide , Torres‐Russotto Diego R. , Stebbins Glenn T. , Vizcarra Joaquin A. , Shukla Aparna Wagle , Hassan Anhar , Marsili Luca , Krauss Joachim K. , Elble Rodger J. , Deuschl Günther , Espay Alberto J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundLimited tools are available for the assessment of orthostatic tremor severity and disability.ObjectivesTo develop and validate a self‐administered orthostatic tremor scale.MethodsAfter expert consensus and literature review generating a list of 42 items, the scale was developed and modified for validation after a patient focus group, multiple rounds of Delphi panels, and cognitive interviews. Clinimetric evaluations included assessing content validity, internal consistency, measurement error and reliability, construct validity, and concurrent validity anchored on the examiner's Clinical Global Impression score.ResultsEleven items ranked on a Likert scale from 0 (no disability/severity) to 5 (maximal disability/severity) were evaluated in 54 orthostatic tremor patients (16 men and 38 women; mean age: 69.17 ± 9.64 years; disease duration: 13.83 ± 11.24 years) to probe severity and disability over the preceding 1‐week period. The 11‐item scale showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.863) and acceptable (>0.40) item‐to‐total correlation. However, one item was removed at the final Delphi panel because of significant floor effect, poor item‐to‐total correlation, and poor factor‐loading, leaving the scale with 10 items (10‐item Orthostatic Tremor Severity and Disability Scale). Test‐retest reliability at 2 weeks was excellent (two‐way random intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.90), and the individual item test‐retest reliability showed good agreement, with a threshold weighted kappa >0.60 for all items. Exploratory factor analyses revealed a parsimonious two‐factor construct accounting for 57.7% of the scale's variance. The 10‐item Orthostatic Tremor Severity and Disability Scale scores correlated with the CGI.ConclusionsThe self‐administered 10‐item Orthostatic Tremor Severity and Disability Scale scale is valid and reliable for capturing orthostatic tremor–related severity and disability. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Impact of Phenol‐Enriched Virgin Olive Oils on the Postprandial Levels of Circulating microRNAs Related to Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Daimiel Lidia , Micó Víctor , Valls Rosa M , Pedret Anna , Motilva María José , Rubió Laura , Fitó Montse , Farrás Marta , Covas María Isabel , Solá Rosa , Ordovás José M. 
Published: June 2020

ScopeWe investigate the postprandial modulation of cardiovascular‐related microRNAs elicited by extra virgin olive oil (EVOOs) containing different levels of their own polyphenols.Methods and resultsIt is randomized, postprandial, parallel, double‐blind study. Twelve healthy participants consumed 30 mL of EVOO containing low (L‐EVOO; 250 mg total phenols kg−1 of oil), medium (M‐EVOO; 500 mg total phenols kg−1 of oil), and high (H‐EVOO; 750 mg total phenols kg−1 of oil) enriched EVOOs. Postprandial plasma microRNAs levels are analyzed by real‐time quantitative PCR. The results show that L‐EVOO intake is associated with decreased let‐7e‐5p and miR‐328a‐3p levels and increased miR‐17‐5p and miR‐20a‐5p, concentrations. M‐EVOO decreases plasma let‐7e‐5p and increases miR‐17‐5p, miR‐20a‐5p, and miR‐192‐5p levels. Finally, H‐EVOO decreases let‐7e‐5p, miR‐10a‐5p, miR‐21‐5p, and miR‐26b‐5p levels.ConclusionDuring the postprandial state, the levels of let‐7e‐5p decrease with EVOO regardless of polyphenol content suggesting a general response to the fatty acid composition of EVOO or/and the presence of at least 250 mg polyphenol kg−1 olive oil. Moreover, the miR‐17‐92 cluster increases by low and medium polyphenol content suggesting a role in fatty acid metabolism and nutrient sensing. Thus, postprandial modulation of circulating microRNAs levels could be a potential mechanism for the cardiovascular benefits associated with EVOO intake.
3D microcalcification detection using a color Doppler twinkling artifact with optimized transmit conditions: Preliminary results
Authors: Kang Jinbum , Han Kanghee , Kim Kang‐Sik , Jang Won Seuk , Kim Min Jung , Yoo Yangmo 
Published: June 2020

PurposeMammography is the only method that has been proven to detect breast microcalcifications (MCs), but the sensitivity of mammography varies according to breast density. This paper proposes an ultrasound (US) color Doppler twinkling artifact (CDTA) method with optimized transmit conditions to identify breast MCs without ionizing radiation.MethodsThe transmit conditions for US color Doppler imaging (CDI) were optimized to enhance the sensitivity of the twinkling artifact (TA) that arises from random scattering on rough surfaces of breast MCs. To validate the proposed breast MC detection method, a chicken breast phantom with MC particles (groups of particles <400 and <240 ) was fabricated and scanned by a digital mammography system and an US research platform by an L11‐5v linear array probe with a three‐dimensional (3D) motion tracking system.ResultsFrom the phantom experiment, the proposed 3D CDTA imaging method with optimized transmit conditions (i.e., a center frequency of 5.0 MHz, an f‐number of 1.3, and a peak negative pressure of 1.83 MPa) successfully detected all 16 MC particles, comparable to detection with mammography. For a human breast surgical specimen in the ex vivo study, all 10 MC clusters, marked by a radiologist on the mammogram, were identified with the proposed 3D CDTA imaging method.ConclusionsIn the phantom and ex vivo breast specimen studies, the proposed 3D CDTA imaging method successfully detected MCs, and the spatial localization was highly correlated with the mammogram results. These results indicate that the proposed 3D CDTA imaging method has great potential for the detection of MCs without ionizing radiation.
Three‐dimensional discrete element simulation of indirect tensile behaviour of a transversely isotropic rock
Authors: Li Kaihui , Yin Zhen‐Yu , Cheng Yungming , Cao Ping , Meng Jingjing 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThis paper presents the development of a three‐dimensional discrete element model using flat‐joint and smooth‐joint contact models to investigate the effect of anisotropy on the tensile behaviour of slate, a transversely isotropic rock, under Brazilian testing from both macro and microscales. The effect of anisotropy is further realised by exploring the influence of foliation orientations (β and ψ) on the tensile strength, fracture pattern, microcracking and stress distribution of the transversely isotropic rock. The variation of tensile strength with foliation orientation is presented. The cross‐weak‐plane fracture growth observed in laboratory is reproduced, and the criterion for which to form is also given from the aspect of foliation orientation. Furthermore, the proportional variations of microcracks well account for the effects of foliation orientation on the tensile strength and failure pattern. Finally, it is found that the existence of weak planes increases both the heterogeneity and the anisotropy of stress distributions within the transversely isotropic rock, with the degree of influence varying with the foliation orientation.
Adaptive basis construction and improved error estimation for parametric nonlinear dynamical systems
Authors: Chellappa Sridhar , Feng Lihong , Benner Peter 
Published: June 2020

SummaryAn adaptive scheme to generate reduced‐order models for parametric nonlinear dynamical systems is proposed. It aims to automatize the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)‐Greedy algorithm combined with empirical interpolation. At each iteration, it is able to adaptively determine the number of the reduced basis vectors and the number of the interpolation basis vectors for basis construction. The proposed technique is able to derive a suitable match between the RB and the interpolation basis vectors, making the generation of a stable, compact and reliable ROM possible. This is achieved by adaptively adding new basis vectors or removing unnecessary ones, at each iteration of the greedy algorithm. An efficient output error indicator plays a key role in the adaptive scheme. We also propose an improved output error indicator based on previous work. Upon convergence of the POD‐Greedy algorithm, the new error indicator is shown to be sharper than the existing ones, implicating that a more reliable ROM can be constructed. The proposed method is tested on several nonlinear dynamical systems, namely, the viscous Burgers' equation and two other models from chemical engineering.