bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction of PLA2 and antibacterial activity test of lionfish (Pterois volitans) spine venom
Authors: Sommeng A N , Ramadhan M Y A , Larasati R , Ginting M J , Sahlan M , Hermansyah H , Wijanarko A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The population of Pterois volitans has caused significant damage to other fish populations and coral reef ecosystems. Population control of P. volitans consumes a considerable cost so that the utilization of these fish needs to be sought to be useful along with controlling the population. This fish is known to contain the enzyme Phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which used as an antibiotic against some bacteria. This study will examine the antibacterial activity of the phospholipase A2 enzyme extracted from P. volitans venom to Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The method used to isolate the enzyme PLA2 is by using precipitation of ammonium sulfate (AS) and precipitation with ethanol. The results of the precipitation tested with the Lowry protein concentration test, the Marinetti PLA2 activity test, and the identification of the SDS-PAGE protein. The agar diffusion disc method is used to test the antibacterial activity. The results obtained from this research are that 80% ammonium sulfate precipitation method has the highest protein and enzyme activity with a ratio of 1.32 times compared to toxic extract. For antibacterial activity test results, an 80% ammonium sulfate sample may inhibit the activity of S. aureus bacteria but does not affect B. subtilis and E. coli.
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities of bungur (Lagerstroemia loudonii Teijsm. & Binn.) leaves and fruits
Authors: Riyanti S , Dewi P S , Windyaswari A S , Azizah S A N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Bungur (
Lagerstroemia loudonii Teijsm. & Binn.) belongs to the Lytrhaceae that traditionally was used as antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, antihypertensive and diuretic. Other bungur plants such as Lagerstroemia speciosa have been known for the activity as alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. Based on chemotaxonomy, the distribution of compounds in one family or genus and its activity has similarities, then tested for the activity of alpha-glucosidase of Lagerstroemia loudonii Teijsm. & Binn. The leaves and fruits was extracted by reflux using 96% ethanol. The process of fractionation by liquid-liquid extraction. Testing of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor activity was performed in vitro using colorimetric method at 400.4 nm, acarbose used as standard inhibitor. The results of alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of leaves with IC50 showed the ethanol extracts, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water fractions respectively 262.20 pg/ml; 97.16 pg/ml; 62.73 pg/ml; 145.30 pg/ml; and fruits with IC50 showed the ethanol extracts, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water fractions respectively 1.50 pg/ml; 3.69 pg/ml; 37.38 pg/ml; 22.59 pg/ml. IC50 standard acarbose was 10.95 pg/ml. The results of this research from Lagerstroemia loudonii Teijsm. & Binn. leaves and fruits can be developed into herbal preparations to lower blood glucose levels.
Radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content of seven tropical plants
Authors: Indirayati N , Nisa K , Kurang R Y , Tarmo N C , Adang K T P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Seven tropical plants were extracted and evaluated for their radical scavenging activity and Total Phenolic Content (TPC). Total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent equivalent to gallic acid. The plant extracts were obtained by sonication using ethanol as the solvent. Four plant extracts were found as active antioxidant in this work. The research revealed that Schleicera oleosa bark extract had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity with (IC50) with 6.59 ± 0.013 µg/ml, followed by Anacardium occidentale bark extract 8.07 ± 0.12 µg/ml, Anacardium occidentale leaves extract 9.65 ± 0.05 µg/ml, and Muntingia calabura leaves extract 27.12 ± 0.5 µg/ml. Positive correlation between free radical scavenging activities and Total Phenolic Content (TPC) in plant extracts was observed. Schleicera oleosa contained a highest Total Phenolic Content (TPC) 451.071 ± 3.3 mg/gr GAE, followed by Anacardium occidentale bark extract 327.6 ± 2.7 µg/ml, Anacardium occidentale leaves extract 307.08 ± 0.55 µg/ml, and Muntingia calabura leaves extract 288 ± 0.5 µg/ml. The result suggest that these tropical plants can be used as resources for natural antioxidant.
Studies on geometrical, physical, mechanical and colour properties of mangosteen fruits
Authors: Hidayat D D , Andriansyah R C E , Indriati A , Surahman D N , Luthfiyanti R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Geometrical, physical, mechanical, and colour properties are important parameters in the handling and processing of mangosteens. This study was carried out to form an essential database for mangosteen. The results of the study found that the polar and equatorial diameter of mangosteens were 53.95 ± 893 mm and 56.56 ± 9.88 mm, respectively, with the geometric mean diameter of 54.79 ± 9.15 mm. The weight, volume, particle and bulk densities were 97.92 ± 45.33 gr and 95.20 ± 47.57 cm3, 1.06 ± 0.16 gr/cm3 and 0.61 ± 0.02 gr/cm3 respectively. The highest skin strength of polar and equatorial diameter occurred in yellowish-green mangosteens; on the other hand, the lowest of that occurred in brownish-red mangosteens. The highest elasticity of polar and equatorial occurred in dark purple mangosteens; otherwise, the lowest of that occurred in yellowish-green mangosteens. The highest angle of repose and the static friction were 21.58 ± 4.480 and 0.40 ± 0.09, respectively, which occurred on the surface of stainless steel. The total colour difference of yellowish-green and brownish red, yellowish-green, and dark purple and brownish-red and dark purple mangosteens were 63.34 ± 5.68, 66.79 ± 4.54, and 19.95 ± 6.42, respectively.
Utilization of liquid smoke corn cobs for germination tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seeds
Authors: Sriharti  , Indriati A , Saparita R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Corn cobs are agricultural wastes that are often found in Indonesia, which so far are still not widely used as products that have added value. Corn cob contains 41% cellulose, 36% hemicellulose, and 6% lignin, so it can be used for making liquid smoke. Liquid smoke is one of the results of condensation or condensation from the steam produced by combustion directly or indirectly from materials that contain a lot of lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and other carbon compounds. The method used for making liquid smoke is the pyrolysis method that is using pyrolizer, by burning and heating above the furnace, which will produce smoke and will then be condensed into liquid smoke. In this study, the performance of liquid smoke equipmwnt testing. The liquid smoke produced was carried out chemical and physical characterization and tested for seed germination and tomato growth (Solanum lycopersicum). The results of the research on making liquid smoke from corn cobs showed that the yield of liquid smoke was 28.37%, pH value 3.506. The results of the analysis of the chemical characterization of third-grade liquid smoke using GCMS detected approximately 32 chemical components. The results of the physical characterization analysis of liquid smoke showed a very strong odor, brownish red, and there were black sediments in the form of tar. The test results showed that the concentration of liquid smoke (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5% and 5% ) significant effect on seed germination and tomato growth (Solanum lycopersicum)
The effect of different drying temperature on crystallinity and morphology structure of bacterial cellulose
Authors: Rosyida VT , Indrianingsih A W , Hayati SN , Apriyana W 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Coconut waste water is very abundant in Indonesia, because Indonesia is one of the world’s largest coconut producers, with a production of 18 million tons per year. Bacterial cellulose (BC) can be produced using coconut water using Acetobacter bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of drying temperature on the crystallinity and morphological structure of BC. A. xylinum was grown on coconut water culture medium with addition of sugar (5%), incubation period 7 days at pH 5. The BC were dried using two drying method i.e. oven at 50°C and 100°C, and room temperature drying without using oven. The drying was conducted until it achieved 2-6% moisture content. The three different temperatures showed different colour of physical appearance of BC, and the room temperature of dried BC showed the best result of colour. It also gave the different properties of BC based on Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) method for evaluating its surface morphology and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) method for its crystallinity. Therefore, the present work proposed the most suitable drying method can be performed based on the end products desired.
The effect of pH and salinity on the capability of marine microalgae biomass for removing Cd and Pb
Authors: Lestari  , Permadi S , Bayu A , Sari A A , Harmesa  , Yogaswara D , Budiyanto F 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The increase of heavy metals pollution requires a novel approach as an effective and eco-friendly removal strategy. The marine microalgae biomass was a strong candidate; however the study on local marine microalgae from Indonesia to be upgraded as metals biosorbent was limited. Thus, this study was aimed to utilize marine microalgae biomass as biosorbent for Cd and Pb removal in various pH and salinity value. The microalgae biomass was selected from diatomae, i.e. Chaeroceros sp., and Nitzschia sp., and green algae, i.e. Tetraselmis sp. The removal test was carried out at various pH and salinity range with initial metals concentration at 5 ppm and the measurement of metals concentration was utilizing Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The result exhibited the maximum Cd removal at pH 7 using Tetraselmis sp. (83.1%) and maximum Pb removal at pH 4 (85.4%) using Tetraselmis sp. and Chaetoceros sp. The removal of Cd and Pb was indicated a similar trend for the low removal capability at high salinity. Thus, this study revealed the best removal ability of the three marine microalgae was at pH 7 and low salinity.
Effect of air temperature and velocity on the drying characteristics and product quality of Clinacanthus nutans in heat pump dryer
Authors: Norhaida H A T , Ang W L , Kismurtono M , Siti M T 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Fresh Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) leaves were dried using a heat pump dryer where the effects of drying temperature (40, 50, and 60°C) and air velocity (2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 m/s) on the drying characteristics and product quality were investigated. Data showed that higher air temperature and velocity resulted in a shorter drying duration. At higher air temperature and velocity, more heat was supplied to the C. nutans leaves, which increased the drying force for moisture evaporation and subsequently led to faster drying rate. The drying kinetics were best fitted with Midilli et al. model (R

2
= 0.9556). The quality analysis revealed that vitexin and orietin contents were preserved at varied extent depending on the drying temperature and duration. The highest preservation of vitamin C and total colour change was achieved at drying conditions of 50 °C (3.5 ms−1) with 90.7 % and 94.6 % maintained, respectively. This was because the pigment colours and vitamin C were easily degraded if the products were exposed to excessive heat (high temperature) and prolonged drying process (time taken). Overall, heat pump dryer presented a short drying duration without compromising the product quality for the drying of C. nutans. Heat pump dryer can be used to extend the shelf life of C. nutans and increase the commercialization potential and wide use of C. nutans.
The use of chitosan as a solid base catalyst for the chalcones synthesis
Authors: Hernawan  , Purwono B , Triyono  , Hanafi M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the present work, chitosan was modified through the hydrogel synthesis. Chitosan catalyst was characterized for its physicochemical properties. The catalytic activity of chitosan was evaluated in chalcones synthesis via Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction. The reaction was conducted by varying the amount of chitosan catalyst (50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg) and temperature variations (room temperature, 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C). The best chalcones results were obtained in the operating conditions of 100 mg and 60 °C with the yield obtained at 45,50%.
Chemical composition of liquid smoke from coconut shell waste produced by SME in Rongkop Gunungkidul
Authors: Rizal W A , Nisa’ K , Maryana R , Prasetyo D J , Pratiwi D , Jatmiko T H , Ariani D , Suwanto A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe availability of coconut shell waste in Rongkop, Gunungkidul has the opportunity to be processed into several products, including liquid smoke products, in one month production requires ± 1000 coconuts to be made. Liquid smoke is obtained from smoke condensation in the pyrolysis process. The liquid smoke contains phenol group compounds, acid groups, and carbonyl groups such as those found in natural smoke. All three can simultaneously act as antioxidants and antimicrobials as well as providing a distinctive color and flavor effect of smoke on food products. In this study, the pyrolysis process was implemented with variations in the heating temperature at 200°C; 250°C; 300°C with 8 hours of cooking time, and 1-5 cm of coconut shell size, 5.87% moisture content with 5 kg process capacity. This pyrolysis process produces a dark brown liquid with an average pH value of 3. Each of the pyrolysis liquid fumes is analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry to determine the chemical components inside. From the results showed, there were 16 chemical components identified at 200°C, the largest component was Acetic acid at 51.6%, 30 chemical components were identified at 250°C, the largest component was Acetic acid 50.88%, 48 chemical components were identified at 300°C, and the largest component Acetic acid at 39.98%.
Assessment of technical condition of gearbox-motor-wheels and tires according to heating wear criterion when transporting building materials
Authors: Abdulaev E K , Makharatkin P N , Kuzhelev A I , Grudinin N N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article analyzes the dynamics of tire heating depending on the operating time and the speed of a dump truck, as well as the effect of high temperature values during transportation on tire mileage. The dynamics of heating of hydraulic equipment, gearbox and hydraulic motors at different time intervals and in different working conditions is also analyzed. The task is to determine the dependence of changes in tire tread hardness on changes in tread temperature using experimental studies in laboratory conditions and to determine the direct relation to emerging loads in gearbox on the quality condition of tires. The analysis of the results of the influence of tire temperature on its properties and on early wear of hydraulic unit (gearbox) is carried out.
Urban information spaces as the basis of the system “Smart City”
Authors: Akhmedova E , Zhogoleva A , Teryagova A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The articletouches upon the issues of information spaces formation in the environment of large Russian cities exemplified by Samara. The taxonomy of city information spaces with the consequent placement of the integrated sites of information distribution characteristic for Smart City, i.e. infoboxes, is determined. The main criteria of an urban environment informative value are formulated. The results of architectural and urban planning research of the urban environment fragments with the consequent experimental projecting are given.
Toward the construction of a comfort model for urban environment
Authors: Bakaeva N V , Tchaikovskaya L V , Zuleta D P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The concept of “comfortable urban environment” is considered in the article, and its components are selected taking into account the principles of harmonious human development in symbiosis with the natural environment, based on the obtained results, a conceptual model of urban environment comfort is constructed and its formal description is given.
Smart space solutions of pedestrian ways in public transport transit hubs
Authors: Danilina N V , Privezentseva S V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article is devoted to the organization of architectural and planning solutions of pedestrian communications in the city transport and transfer nodes. An urban planning approach to the use of territories based on modern trends in the development of smart cities for their sustainable development is proposed. The structure of pedestrian communications on the basis of the developed classification is presented, as well as typical projects of transverse profiles taking into account the peculiarities of functioning and composition of the transport and transfer node. The results of the study can be used as recommendations in the implementation of planning projects for the territory of urban transport and transfer nodes. According to the received data, pedestrian flow data were grouped by axial length (l, m) and intensity of flow (q, m/min) by clustering method. As a result of mathematical calculation, 3 groups of data were obtained, each of which determines a unique zone of transport and transfer node, having special characteristics in radius, intensity of flow and relative density (D, sq.m/sq.m). From a practical point of view, the developed structure of walking paths together with the idea of zoning of the territory of the transport transit hub can be an excellent tool for the designer in the development of the Design of planning of the territory of the transport transit hub and selection of parameters of the cross profile of a specific section. The development of science-based approaches is necessary to develop the quality of urban space and to ensure the sustainable development of the urban hub.
Model of urban identity of a Russian city through the example of Samara
Authors: Danilova E V , Bakshutova D V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper touches upon the issue of designing something unique in a contemporary Russian city formed in the Soviet and post-Soviet period and with typical construction characteristics of those periods are dominant. The so-called “typicality” is the greatest problem of post-Soviet cities, which today need to redefine their significance and their material realization. A new urban identity can only be based on purposeful development and accentuation of the unique aspects existing in the space-time continuum. What we need here first is a holistic approach that can capture the complex urban structure in all its manifestations. In this research the authors introduce a model of urban identity, developed on the basis of five main contexts: geographical, functional, morphological, social and cultural. The paper analyses this model application to the specifics of the city of Samara which is a large Russian regional center. The choice of Samara is determined by its rich history and importance in the system of economic development of Russia. The proposed approach makes it possible to compare heterogeneous values and terms and synthesize the results. The superposition of contexts demonstrates overlaps, intersections, and divergences that make the potential for designing something unique. The obtained results make it possible for the researchers to highlight potential capacities of their solution and put forward recommendations on designing a historical city new identity.
Urban environment digitalization and its characteristic features within the framework of the project “Smart City” (through the example of Samara)
Authors: Didkovskaya O V , Guzhova O A , Acri E P , Vlasova N V , Selezneva Zh V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper considers Russian mega-cities and their development within the framework of the project “Smart city”. Moving form classical principles of city management and city development to “Smart City” principles brought up many questions further considered in this research. This study made it possible to reveal indicators and their values for 16 largest cities of the Russian Federation and determine the level of “Smart City” technologies development in the city of Samara. The researchers propose corrective measures designed to improve some of these indicators as well as to increase the level of competitiveness, to build an effective management system and to create safe and comfortable conditions for the life of citizens.
Perspective directions of the use of smart technologies for the modern urban environment development
Authors: Dmitrieva E I 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The subject of the study is the research of the influence of the modern digital technologies, creating favorable conditions for the qualitatively new level of the population living, on the development of the urban environment. The object of the research is the determination of the perspective directions of the use of smart technologies with of the modern urban environment development. The methods of system analysis of the key directions of the use of digital technologies for the implementation of the “smart city” concept and generalization of various information sources, including analytical data were used during the article preparation. Grouping of the key directions within the implementation of “smart city” concept in the modern economic conditions is result of the research. The conclusion was drawn, that the “smart city” concept will help to achieve such purposes as the improvement of quality of life, decrease in number of offenses, more economical use of resources and so forth.
Contemporary urban environment: the image of the history and the history of the image
Authors: Dutsev M V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article is devoted to the figurative system of the urban environment and to the actual aspects of common evolution of the city and its inhabitants. The examples of artistic-plastic history of the architectural environment confirming the integral character of its internal processes are analyzed. Architecture is interpreted as an art describing the man’s history – new, newest, created every day! Special attention is paid to the problems of memory and imagination, “theatrical” perception and artistic forms of ecological thinking. Tracking penetration of the integral origin in architecture, art and culture as a whole, the author predicts appearance of hybrid, transitional artistic forms on the boundary of everyday life and art, identifies main trends of transformation of the image field of the architectural-artistic environment. By the examples of contemporary architecture and environmental design, several aspects are considered consecutively, which are arranged according to the author’s logic: live history and memory of the place, play of contexts, collage of times and “theatre” of history, contradictions of the today’s image of the city, architectural image as personal history of the artist, environment without history as probable image of the future. Article is accompanied by the author’s photographs.