bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geriatric Conditions Predict Discontinuation of Anticoagulation in Long‐Term Care Residents With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Kapoor Alok , Foley Gray , Zhang Ning , Zhou Yanhua , Crawford Sybil , McManus David , Gurwitz Jerry 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUNDAnticoagulation (AC) for stroke prevention in long‐term care (LTC) residents with atrial fibrillation (AF) involves a challenging risk‐benefit evaluation. We measured the association of geriatric conditions with discontinuation of AC.DESIGNRetrospective cohort analysis.SETTINGLTC facilities across the United States.PARTICIPANTSA total of 48 545 individuals residing in LTC facilities in 2015 with AF and sufficient information to establish their status as someone who stopped AC vs someone who continued AC.MEASUREMENTSWe measured the association of six geriatric conditions—recent fall, severe activity of daily living (ADL) dependency (21‐28 on a 28‐point scale), mobility impairment, cognitive impairment, body mass index (BMI) less than 18.5 kg/m2, and weight loss (≥5% in 1 month or ≥10% in 6 months)—with discontinuation of AC. To identify cases of discontinuation, we required a pattern of being on AC over two consecutive recordings of the Minimum Data Set, the nursing home quality control data set recorded every 90 days, followed by two assessments being off AC—pattern of “on‐on‐off‐off.” By contrast, we required a pattern of “on‐on‐on‐on” for continuers. We then constructed six logistic regression models to measure the independent association between each geriatric condition and discontinuation of AC, adjusted for CHA2DS2‐VASc stroke risk score, recent bleeding hospitalization, and other confounders.RESULTSThere were 4172 discontinuers and 44 373 continuers. Recent fall predicted a 1.9‐fold increase in the odds of discontinuation (odds ratio = 1.91; 95% confidence interval = 1.66‐2.20), whereas mobility and cognitive impairment only increased the odds by 14% to 17%. Severe ADL dependency, BMI less than 18.5 kg/m2, and weight loss of 10% each increased odds of discontinuation by 55% to 68%. CHA2DS2‐VASc score did not predict discontinuation.CONCLUSIONSeveral geriatric conditions predicted discontinuation of AC, whereas CHA2DS2‐VASc score did not. Future research should examine the association of geriatric conditions and discontinuation of warfarin discrete from newer anticoagulants and association of geriatric conditions with development of stroke and bleeding. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:717–724, 2020
Effects of a nutrient‐dense formula compared with a post‐discharge formula on post‐discharge growth of preterm very low birth weight infants with extrauterine growth retardation: a multicentre randomised study in China
Authors: Yu M.‐X. , Zhuang S.‐Q. , Gao X.‐Y. , Tong X.‐M. , Yue S.‐J. , Shi L.‐P. , Chen D.‐M. , Liang K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPost‐discharge optimal growth and nutritional intake have beneficial effects for neurodevelopment in preterm very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) with extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR). The present study aimed to compare the effects of a nutrient‐dense formula (NDF) to a post‐discharge formula (PDF) on post‐discharge growth of preterm VLBWIs with EUGR.MethodsForty‐eight preterm VLBWIs with EUGR at discharge were randomised to receive NDF (100 kcal per 100 mL; 2.6 g protein per 100 mL) or PDF (74 kcal per 100 mL; 1.95 g protein per 100 mL) for 1–6 months until body weight reached the 50th percentile on growth charts with corrected age. Volume, nutrient intake, anthropometry and biochemistry data were collected.ResultsVolume intake was lower in the NDF group than the PDF group during the first 2 months of feeding (P = 0.039 and 0.018, respectively).There were no significant differences in volume intake during months 2–6 of feeding. Energy, protein, carbohydrate and fat intake were higher in the NDF group during months 1–6 of feeding. There were no significant differences in weight, length, and head circumference Z‐scores during months 1–6 between the two groups. The △length Z‐score from discharge to month 6 was significantly higher in the NDF group than the PDF group (P = 0.043). No differences existed between the two groups with respect to biochemistry.ConclusionsAfter discharge, preterm VLBWIs with EUGR fed a NDF gain anthropometric parameter Z‐scores similar to those for a PDF within 6 months of follow‐up. A NDF leading to gain in length requires further follow‐up.
Uncertainty, Incentives, and Misallocation
Authors: BAEK SEUNGJUN 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper identifies a new propagation mechanism by which the effects of business cycle shocks amplify in the context of the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium framework. Business cycle shocks, such as heightened uncertainty, and positive monetary shocks endogenously magnify the cross‐sectional dispersion in idiosyncratic productivity. This induces entrepreneurs, who have asset substitution incentive, to distort the quality of an investment project, which amplifies the response of investment and output. Moreover, lenders reallocate credit from firms with a high marginal product of capital, in which the asset substitution problem is more prevalent, to firms with a low marginal product of capital, which in turn further depresses aggregate economic activities. A policy that subsidizes lenders to firms with a high marginal product during a recession improves the allocation of loans. Empirical evidence from the NBER‐CES Manufacturing Industry Database provides support for the model's predictions.
The biochemical basis of interactions between Glucocerebrosidase and alpha‐synuclein in GBA1 mutation carriers
Authors: Toffoli Marco , Smith Laura , Schapira Anthony H. V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe discovery of genes involved in familial as well as sporadic forms of Parkinson disease (PD) constitutes an important milestone in understanding this disorder's pathophysiology and potential treatment. Among these genes, GBA1 is one of the most common and well‐studied, but it is still unclear how mutations in GBA1 translate into an increased risk for developing PD. In this review, we provide an overview of the biochemical and structural relationship between GBA1 and PD to help understand the recent advances in the development of PD therapies intended to target this pathway.
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Gene variability in matrix metalloproteinases in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Slezakova Simona , Borilova Linhartova Petra , Bartova Jirina , Petanova Jitka , Kuklinek Pavel , Fassmann Antonin , Dusek Ladislav , Izakovicova Holla Lydie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe development of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), inflammatory disease of oral mucosa, is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The aim of this study was to investigate polymorphisms located in seven genes coding different types of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)—collagenases (MMP1, MMP8, and MMP13), gelatinases (MMP2 and MMP9), stromelysin (MMP3), and membrane‐type metalloproteinase (MMP16) in patients with RAS and healthy controls.MethodsTotally, 223 subjects were included in this case‐control study and their detailed anamnestic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were recorded. Seventy‐seven patients with RAS and 146 controls were genotyped for seventeen polymorphisms in the MMPs genes using the real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or PCR with restriction analysis.ResultsAllele, genotype, and haplotype frequencies of the studied polymorphisms between RAS patients and controls were similar, except for allele distributions of MMP1 rs1144393, MMP9 rs3918242, and MMP16 rs10429371, which were different between patients with RAS and healthy controls (P = .023, P = .049 and P = .025, all Pcorr > 0.05, respectively). Moreover, the comparison of genotype frequencies (TT vs CC + CT) of the MMP16 rs10429371 variant showed a marginally significant difference between RAS patients and controls (P = .05, Pcorr > 0.05, OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 0.95‐2.98).ConclusionsNo significant relationship between investigated polymorphisms in seven MMPs genes and RAS development in the Czech population was observed in this study.
The Relationship between Active Labor Market Programs and Employability of the Long‐Term Unemployed
Authors: Nielsen Arendt Jacob , Lindegaard Andersen Henrik , Saaby Morten 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIt can be difficult to document whether active labor market programs are effective for the long‐term unemployed because their transitions to employment are rare. This study examines whether eight measures of employability are useful intermediate outcome measures for the long‐term unemployed. We use a repeated survey linked to administrative register data and estimate three‐way fixed‐effect models. The results show that self‐reported health is a useful outcome measure for the given population of long‐term unemployed in the following sense: Only this measure both predicts subsequent employment and is positively associated with prior participation in an active labor market program compared with non‐participation.
Comparison of three therapeutic regimens for genotype‐3 hepatitis C virus infection in a large real‐life multicentre cohort
Authors: Soria Alessandro , Fava Marco , Bernasconi Davide P. , Lapadula Giuseppe , Colella Elisa , Valsecchi Maria G. , Migliorino Guglielmo M. , D'Ambrosio Roberta , Landonio Simona , Schiavini Monica , Spinetti Angiola , Carriero Canio , Degasperi Elisabetta , Cologni Giuliana , Gatti Federico , Viganò Paolo , Hasson Hamid , Uberti‐Foppa Caterina , Pasulo Luisa , Baiguera Chiara , Rossotti Roberto , Vinci Maria , Puoti Massimo , Giorgini Alessia , Menzaghi Barbara , Lombardi Andrea , Pan Angelo , Aghemo Alessio , Grossi Paolo A. , Boldizzoni Roberto , Colombo Silvia , Viganò Mauro , Rumi Maria G. , Del Poggio Paolo , Valenti Luca , Giglio Omar , De Bona Anna , d'Arminio Monforte Antonella , Colombo Alberto , Spinelli Ombretta , Pigozzi Marie G. , Molteni Chiara , Bonfanti Paolo , Terreni Natalia , Perini Paolo , Capretti Andrea , Bella Daniele , Liani Cecilia , Polo Silvia , Aimo Gianpiero , Pagnucco Layla , Bhoori Sherrie , Centenaro Riccardo , Graffeo Massimo , Ciaccio Antonio , Dionigi Elena , Lazzaroni Sergio , Carderi Isabella , Di Marco Mariella , Rizzardini Giuliano , Noventa Franco , Lampertico Pietro , Fagiuoli Stefano 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsIn the direct‐acting antiviral era, treatment of genotype‐3 HCV (HCV‐GT3) is still challenging. Real‐life comparisons between recommended regimens, sofosbuvir (SOF)+daclatasvir (DAC), SOF/velpatasvir (VEL), glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB), are scarce. We aimed at filling this data gap.MethodsSustained virological response 12 weeks after treatment completion (SVR12) was assessed for all HCV‐GT3 patients consecutively treated within the Lombardia web‐based Navigatore HCV‐Network; differences in SVR12 across regimens were evaluated by logistic regression.ResultsOf the 2082 subjects with HCV‐GT3, 1544 were evaluable for comparisons between regimens: SOF + DAC (1023, 66.2%), SOF/VEL (369, 23.9%), GLE/PIB (152, 9.8%). Patients treated with former regimens were more frequently male, cirrhotic, HIV‐positive, pretreated, used ribavirin in their regimen, and had lower baseline HCV‐RNA. SVR12 was similar across groups: 94.8% in SOF + DAC, 97.6% in SOF/VEL, 96.7% in GLE/PIB (P = .065). At univariate analysis, SVR12 was associated with female gender (97.9% vs 94.8%, P = .007) and lower median pretreatment Log10HCV‐RNA (5.87 vs 6.20, P = .001). At multivariate logistic regression analysis, treatment with SOF/VEL was associated with a higher likelihood of SVR12 than SOF + DAC, but only in the absence of ribavirin (98% vs 90.3%). Female gender and lower pretreatment HCV‐RNA were independently associated with SVR12.ConclusionsIn a large real‐life setting of HCV‐GT3‐infected patients with a high proportion of cirrhosis, the success rate was remarkable. The slight advantage of SOF/VEL on SOF + DAC was significant only without ribavirin. The current prescription shift towards novel regimens (ie SOF/VEL and GLE/PIB) in easier‐to‐treat patients allows ribavirin‐free and shorter schedules without mining SVR12 in this <<difficult‐to‐treat>> genotype.
Meeting the Evil God Challenge
Authors: Page Ben , Baker‐Hytch Max 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe evil God challenge is an argumentative strategy that has been pursued by a number of philosophers in recent years. It is apt to be understood as a parody argument: a wholly evil, omnipotent and omniscient God is absurd, as both theists and atheists will agree. But according to the challenge, belief in evil God is about as reasonable as belief in a wholly good, omnipotent and omniscient God; the two hypotheses are roughly epistemically symmetrical. Given this symmetry, thesis belief in an evil God and belief in a good God are taken to be similarly preposterous. In this paper, we argue that the challenge can be met, suggesting why the three symmetries that need to hold between evil God and good God – intrinsic, natural theology and theodicy symmetries – can all be broken. As such, we take it that the evil God challenge can be met.
QTL analysis of salt tolerance in Sorghum bicolor during whole‐plant growth stages
Authors: Wang Hailian , Wang Runfeng , Liu Bin , Yang Yanbing , Qin Ling , Chen Erying , Zhang Huawen , Guan Yanan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo study the salt tolerance genetics of sorghum, 181 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were used to locate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying salt stress adaptability. Six traits, namely, plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), total biomass (TB), stem fresh weight (SFW), juice weight (JW) and Brix, were investigated under normal and salt stress conditions in two years. A total of 53 QTLs for the six traits under both conditions and their corresponding salt tolerance index (STI) were detected and phenotypic variation explained (PVE) ranged from 4.16% to 20.42%. Six of the QTLs, qTB6, qSFW9, qJW9, qBrix2, qBrix10 and qSTI‐Brix9, were the main effect QTLs controlling salt tolerance and had a PVE more than 10%. qSFW9 and qJW9 colocalized in the same marker interval as SB5069‐UGSM18 and had PVEs of 17.70% and 14.20%, respectively, with positive effects from L‐Tian. QTL clusters controlling PH, TB, STI‐TB, SFW and JW were consistently mapped in the marker interval of Xcup19‐SB4177 on chromosome 7. These locations might serve as target sites for marker‐assisted selection (MAS) in improving salt tolerance of sorghum.
A retrospective study: Impact of consensus treatment plans on systemic therapy of pediatric morphea
Authors: Do Ngan , Ringold Sarah , Sullivan Erin , Brandling‐Bennett Heather 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundMorphea is an inflammatory and fibrosing condition that affects the skin and subcutaneous structures. Morphea is managed by dermatologists, rheumatologists, or both. Prior studies have suggested there is significant variability in approach to treatment. In 2012, the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) published consensus treatment plans (CTPs) for pediatric morphea to develop more standardized treatment plans for patients requiring systemic therapy. We aimed to assess whether the publication of CTPs has impacted care of patients with morphea at our institution.MethodsData were collected via a retrospective review of medical records of 61 pediatric patients diagnosed with morphea at Seattle Children's Hospital (SCH) from January 1, 2005, to December 12,2017.ResultsPrior to the publication of CTPs, 2 out of 24 patients (8.3%) were treated with a regimen that matched a subsequent CTP. After publication of CTPs, 29 out of 37 patients (78.4%) were treated with a regimen that matched a CTP (P < 0.001). A subanalysis was performed to assess the number of patients who needed second‐ or third‐line therapies. Of those who followed a CTP therapy plan (n = 26), 3 patients (11.5%) needed a second‐line therapy compared with 11 patients (44%) in the no‐CTP followed group (n = 25), (P = 0.012).ConclusionsThe publication of CTPs led to a significant change in treatment approach for patients with morphea requiring systemic therapy at SCH. Patients treated with one of the treatment plans recommended by the CTPs were less likely to need second‐line systemic therapy.
Associations of acetaminophen use during pregnancy and the first year of life with neurodevelopment in early childhood
Authors: Bertoldi Andréa D. , Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl L. , Boing Alexandra Crispim , da Silva Dal Pizzol Tatiane , Miranda Vanessa Iribarrem Avena , Silveira Marysabel Pinto Telis , Freitas Silveira Mariângela , Domingues Marlos R. , Santos Ina S. , Bassani Diego G. , Tovo‐Rodrigues Luciana , Oken Emily 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundOver‐the‐counter analgesic use during pregnancy, particularly acetaminophen, may be associated with negative developmental outcomes in children.ObjectiveEstimate associations of prenatal and early‐life exposure to acetaminophen in early childhood with cognitive, motor, and language skills in two birth cohorts.MethodsThe American Project Viva cohort (1217 mother‐child pairs enrolled 1999‐2002) assessed cognition at approximately 3 years using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and the Wide Range Achievement of Visual Motor Abilities (WRAVMA). The Brazilian 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort (3818 mother‐child pairs) assessed cognition at 2 years using the INTERGROWTH‐21st Neurodevelopment Assessment. We used linear regression to estimate associations of acetaminophen use during pregnancy (Project Viva and Pelotas) and infancy (Project Viva) with children's cognitive scores adjusted for maternal age, pre‐pregnancy body mass index, education, parity, race/ethnicity, smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy, depression during pregnancy, antibiotic and ibuprofen use during pregnancy, household income, and child's sex.ResultsIn Project Viva, exposure to acetaminophen in both the 1st and 2nd trimester of pregnancy was associated with lower WRAVMA drawing scores (β −1.51, 95% CI −2.92, −0.10). However, in Pelotas, exposure to acetaminophen in both the 1st and 2nd trimester of pregnancy was not associated with INTER‐NDA motor scores (β 0.02; 95% CI −0.05, 0.09) and was associated with higher INTER‐NDA total scores (β 0.08, 95% CI 0.01, 0.16). Other comparisons did not show evidence for any associations.ConclusionsInconsistencies and lack of specificity of the findings did not clarify the research question considering that we still have a large variability and uncertainty to define the risk or safety in the use of acetaminophen related to cognition in early childhood. More studies using better exposure assessment and better confounding variables are needed to clarify these associations.
Procedure for accurate calculation of the J‐integral from digital volume correlation displacement data
Authors: Becker T.H. , Molteno M.R. , Marrow T.J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe application of digital image and volume correlation techniques to obtain displacement fields from images has become ubiquitous in experimental fracture mechanics. In this paper, a procedure to extract the J‐integral (J) from three‐dimensional displacement fields obtained using digital volume correlation is presented. The procedure has been specially adapted to allow for experimental noise and errors, such as poorly defined crack front displacements, smearing of the displacement field across the crack faces, and knowledge of the imprecise crack front location. The implementation is verified using analytical crack‐tip fields perturbed with synthetic image correlation errors to characterise the response of J. The method is then applied to experimental results using a Magnesium alloy WE43 loaded elastically in mixed mode. The steps outlined are intended as a guideline for the application of the volume integral from displacement fields to allow for accurate calculation of J along a crack front embedded within the volume.
A genetic link between leaf carbon isotope composition and whole‐plant water use efficiency in the C4 grass Setaria
Authors: Ellsworth Patrick Z. , Feldman Max J. , Baxter Ivan , Cousins Asaph B. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryGenetic selection for whole‐plant water use efficiency (yield per transpiration; WUEplant) in any crop‐breeding programme requires high‐throughput phenotyping of component traits of WUEplant such as intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi; CO2 assimilation rate per stomatal conductance). Measuring WUEi by gas exchange measurements is laborious and time consuming and may not reflect an integrated WUEi over the life of the leaf. Alternatively, leaf carbon stable isotope composition (δ13Cleaf) has been suggested as a potential time‐integrated proxy for WUEi that may provide a tool to screen for WUEplant. However, a genetic link between δ13Cleaf and WUEplant in a C4 species has not been well established. Therefore, to determine if there is a genetic relationship in a C4 plant between δ13Cleaf and WUEplant under well watered and water‐limited growth conditions, a high‐throughput phenotyping facility was used to measure WUEplant in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population created between the C4 grasses Setaria viridis and S. italica. Three quantitative trait loci (QTL) for δ13Cleaf were found and co‐localized with transpiration, biomass accumulation, and WUEplant. Additionally, WUEplant for each of the δ13Cleaf QTL allele classes was negatively correlated with δ13Cleaf, as would be predicted when WUEi influences WUEplant. These results demonstrate that δ13Cleaf is genetically linked to WUEplant, likely to be through their relationship with WUEi, and can be used as a high‐throughput proxy to screen for WUEplant in these C4 species.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Paraffin/Expanded Perlite Loaded With Graphene Nanoparticles as a Thermal Energy Storage Material in Buildings
Authors: Rathore Pushpendra Kumar Singh , Shukla Shailendra Kumar , Gupta Naveen Kumar 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Various properties of the paraffin have made them compatible to be incorporated in the building materials for improving the latent heat storage capacity of the building envelope. However, the poor thermal conductivity of the paraffin reduces their thermal performance and hence limits their direct application/incorporation in the buildings. In this study, composite mixtures of paraffin and expanded perlite (EP) with an equal weight percent of 49.5 and 47.5, loaded with 1% and 5% of graphene nano-platelets, respectively, were synthesized. The developed samples were characterized uncycled and after 2000 thermal cycles. The results indicate that phase change material (PCM)/expanded perlite/graphene nano-platelets composite shows a significant increment in the thermal conductivity, reduction in the latent heat storage capacity, and a small weight loss. The heat storage/release test depicts that the phase change material/expanded perlite/graphene nano-platelets-5 shows 1.66 and 2.5 times faster heat storage/release rate than phase change material/expanded perlite/graphene nano-platelets-1 and paraffin, respectively. There is no significant change noted after 2000 thermal cycles in phase change material/expanded perlite/graphene nano-platelets-5 and phase change material/expanded perlite/graphene nano-platelets-1 samples, suggesting long-term reliability of the composite PCM. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) testing were also conducted and the results suggest high thermal reliability and good chemical compatibility. These analyses suggest that the phase change material/expanded perlite/graphene nano-platelets composite can become a potential candidate for thermal energy storage.