bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition Home
Authors: Bordelon Curry , Wood Tara , Johnson Margaret , Fogger Susanne 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background and Purpose
Opioid use disorder is an ever-expanding health epidemic affecting populations across the lifespan. Infants diagnosed with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) often require additional resources while inpatient and after discharge to support ongoing NAS symptoms and improve outcomes. The purpose of this article is to highlight the need for a “safe plan of care” for infants with a history of NAS and provide evidence-based recommendations for providers.

Review of Current Practice
In response to the opioid crisis, legislative efforts were passed to enhance access to care and provide valuable resources for families and clinical providers. These efforts require the development of comprehensive plans of care that include assessment of the home environment along with specialized care and services. Despite active legislation, infants and families continue to lack adequate access to resources such as therapy, specialized nutritional support, developmental specialists, and financial support.

Evidence-Based Recommendations
An effective safe plan of care ensures that infants with a history of NAS are discharged to caregivers who are prepared, devoted, and responsive to the infants' needs. These essential components include responsive caregiving, safe and secure environments, appropriate nutrition, and health-promoting behaviors.

Conclusion and Implications
A review of current practice and evidence-based recommendations reveals essential components of a safe plan of care for infants with a history of NAS. By embracing the need for a comprehensive plan, providers can empathize with family needs and activate resources to promote healthy families and improve long-term outcomes of these infants.
Morning blood pressure surge and diastolic dysfunction in patients with masked hypertension
Authors: Yilmaz Samet , Nar Gökay , Til Aysen , Kaftan Asuman 
Published: March 2020

Objectives
In this study, we evaluated the association between morning blood pressure surge (MBPS) levels and diastolic function parameters in patients with masked hypertension (MH).

Methods
A total of 92 patients with diagnosis of MH were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into three groups according to their MBPS levels. Cardiac dimensions, left atrial volume and ejection fraction were determined by transthoracic echocardiography. A two-dimensional Doppler echocardiogram was performed to evaluate diastolic function parameters including transmitral E-wave and A-wave velocity, mitral annular E′ and A′ velocity, E wave deceleration time and isovolumic relaxation time.

Results
Mean MBPS value of the total study population was 25.1 ± 6.4 mmHg. When going from the lowest MBPS group to the higher MBPS groups; E velocity [0.75 (0.74–0.77) vs. 0.71 (0.69–0.73) vs. 0.68 (0.66–0.69) cm/s, respectively] E/A ratio [1.44 (1.40–1.48) vs. 1.35 (1.32–1.39) vs. 1.26 (1.23–1.29), respectively] and E′ velocity [0.114 (0.111–0.117) vs. 0.102 (0.100–0.105) vs. 0.093 (0.089–0.096) cm/s, respectively] were significantly decreased. E/E’ ratio [7.3 (6.9–7.7) vs. 6.6 (6.4–7.9), P = 0.002] and left atrial volume index [27.24 (25.5–28.9) vs. 21.90 (21.0–22.7) ml/m2, P < 0.001] were significantly higher in the highest MBPS tertile than the lowest tertile. There was a positive correlation between E/E’ ratio and MBPS values (r = 0.306, P = 0.003).

Conclusion
Increased MBPS levels were found to be related with deterioration of diastolic function parameters in patients with MH.
Validation of the BIOS BD240 home blood pressure monitor in a multi-racial, multi-morbid Canadian population according to the International Standards Organization 2018 Protocol
Authors: Ringrose Jennifer S. , Wood Peter W. , Diaz-Carvallo Fabiola , Wirzba Mira , Padwal Raj 
Published: March 2020

Objective:
Assess the accuracy of the BIOS BD240 home blood pressure (BP) monitor and wide-range cuff according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 2018 standard.

Methods:
Eighty-five subjects (aged ≥18 y) with arm circumferences between 24 and 43 cm were studied. Blinded, two-observer, mercury-based auscultation performed using a two-piece cuff chosen for upper arm size was used for reference measurements. Accuracy criteria 1 and 2 of the ISO standard were determined and Bland–Altman plots generated.

Results:
Sixty percent of the study sample was female and 42% had hypertension. Mean device-to-reference standard differences in SBP/DBP were 0.0 ± 6.2/−0.2 ± 6.3 for criterion 1 and 0.0 ± 4.8/−0.2 ± 5.8 for criterion 2.

Conclusion:
The BIOS BD240 passed the requirements of the American National Standards Institute/Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation/ISO standard for both SBP and DBP and can be recommended for use.
State Policies for Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs and Adverse Opioid-related Hospital Events
Authors: Wen Katherine , Johnson Phyllis , Jeng Philip J. , Schackman Bruce R. , Bao Yuhua 
Published: March 2020

Background:
State policies to optimize prescriber use of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) have proliferated in recent years. Prominent policies include comprehensive mandates for prescriber use of PDMP, laws allowing delegation of PDMP access to office staff, and interstate PDMP data sharing. Evidence is limited regarding the effects of these policies on adverse opioid-related hospital events.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of 3 PDMP policies on adverse opioid-related hospital events among patients with prescription opioid use.

Research Design:
We examined 2011–2015 data from a large national commercial insurance database of privately insured and Medicare Advantage patients from 28 states with fully operating PDMPs by the end of 2010. We used a difference-in-differences framework to assess the probabilities of opioid-related hospital events and association with the implementation of PDMP policies. The analysis was conducted for adult patients with any prescription opioid use, a subsample of patients with long-term prescription opioid use, and stratified by older (65+) versus younger patients.

Results:
Comprehensive use mandates were associated with a relative reduction in the probability of opioid-related hospital events by 28% among patients with any opioid and 21% among patients with long-term opioid use. Such reduction was greater (in relative terms) among older patients despite the lower rate of these events among older than younger patients. Delegate laws and interstate data sharing were associated with limited change in the outcome.

Conclusion:
Comprehensive PDMP use mandates were associated with meaningful reductions in opioid-related hospital events among privately insured and Medicare Advantage adults with prescription opioid use.
Biliary Atresia Patients With Successful Kasai Portoenterostomy Can Present With Features of Obliterative Portal Venopathy
Authors: Patel Kalyani R. , Harpavat Sanjiv , Khan Zahida , Dhingra Sadhna , Quintanilla Norma , Firan Mihail , Goss John 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTObjective:Study of liver explants of biliary atresia (BA) patients with successful Kasai portoenterostomy (KP).Methods:Pathology and medical records of BA liver explants from January 2009 to June 2018 with successful KP were reviewed along with appropriate controls.Results:Fourteen out of 68 (20.6%) BA patients with LT had a successful KP. Median age at BA diagnosis, KP and LT was 60.5 days, 61 days, and 10 years, respectively, with conjugated bilirubin (c‐bil) normalizing at 12.5 weeks after KP. Advanced fibrosis was diffuse in 2/14 (14.3%) explants, limited to periphery in 11/14 (78.6%) and absent in 1. Hilar partial nodular transformation (PNT) was seen in 11 explants (78.6%) and diffuse nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) in 2 (14.3%). Areas of PNT and NRH showed diffuse portal sclerosis (100%), complete and incomplete portal vein (PV) stenosis (100%), PV herniation (100%), hypervascular portal tracts (20%), periportal abnormal vessels (100%), abundant lymphatic collaterals (100%), mild medial hepatic arterial hypertrophy (100%), and delicate fibrous septae (100%). Extrahepatic PVs showed variable luminal occlusion with mean PV intima to full thickness ratio of 0.6 +/− 0.11; significantly higher than age‐matched noncirrhotic (n = 27, 0.08 +/− 0.09; P < 0.0001) and cirrhotic controls (n = 19, 0.34 +/− 0.2; P = 0.0015); and comparable to BA patients with failed KP (P = 0.82) and without KP (P = 0.04).Conclusions:BA patients with successful KP can present with obliterative portal venopathy (OPV). In the context of optimal bile drainage, portal hypertension may not be because of advanced parenchymal fibrosis but possibly because of OPV. Vascular abnormalities of the PV system should be investigated in BA patients.
Quality of Life and Severity of Symptom Differences Between Post Open Colectomy and Laparoscopic Colectomy in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Niu Shu-Fen , Cheng Sue-Yueh , Chin Chia-Hui 
Published: March 2020

Background
Worldwide, colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and the second in women. The main surgical methods for colorectal cancer patients include a conventional open colectomy and laparoscopic-assisted colectomy. Laparoscopic-assisted colectomy is associated with less blood loss, faster recovery of bowel function, and shorter hospital stays.

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life and symptom severity in patients with colorectal cancer 1 month after conventional open colectomy or laparoscopic-assisted colectomy.

Methods
A comparative cross-sectional study design was conducted from September 2015 to May 2016. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling from the surgical outpatient department of a medical center in Northern Taiwan; 33 patients underwent each type of surgery.

Results
The laparoscopic-assisted colectomy group scored 9.39 points higher in quality of life and lower in symptom severity by 14.88 points than the conventional open colectomy group (P = .03 and P = .05, respectively). Both groups reported low symptom severity; “changes in bowel habits” was the symptom with the highest severity. The conventional open colectomy group had higher insomnia and worried about their future more than did the laparoscopic-assisted colectomy group.

Conclusions
Patients who received the laparoscopic-assisted colectomy procedure reported a better quality of life and lower symptom severity than those who received the conventional open colectomy surgical method.

Implications for Practice
Patients who will have a conventional open colectomy will likely need enhanced management of symptoms and attention to their quality of life.
Exercise Effects on Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Kanzawa-Lee Grace A. , Larson Janet L. , Resnicow Kenneth , Smith Ellen Marie Lavoie 
Published: March 2020

Background
No effective cures for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) are known; however, exercise may be beneficial.

Objective
The purpose of this review was to synthesize high-quality research publications reporting the effects of exercise on CIPN and related outcomes among people of all age groups who received neurotoxic chemotherapy.

Methods
PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched first between May and November 2016 and then again in April 2019 for all clinical trials and meta-analyses. Subsequent hand-searching continued through April 2019. Potential scientific bias was rigorously evaluated, using the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) guidelines.

Results
Thirteen studies (7 randomized controlled trials, 6 quasi-experiments) were found that reported exercise effects in various adult CIPN populations (ie, mixed cancer types and stages, chemotherapy regimens and status, and CIPN presence and severity). No studies provided high-quality evidence; 2 studies provided moderate-quality evidence. Most studies (76.3%) evaluated combined aerobic, strength, and balance training interventions of varying dosages. The most commonly improved outcomes were CIPN, balance, and fitness. All 7 studies with an aerobic exercise component led to significant—most studies showing moderate to large—CIPN benefits.

Conclusions
Few studies—none of high quality or in child/adolescent populations—have evaluated exercise effects on CIPN. The exercise interventions, dosages, and settings have been too heterogeneous to identify the most beneficial intervention for other CIPN-related outcomes. However, aerobic exercise may be a key component of exercise interventions for CIPN.

Implications for Practice
Although promising, the empirical evidence is insufficient to definitively conclude that exercise interventions ameliorate CIPN.
Trends in Reported Sexual Behavior and Y-Chromosomal DNA Detection Among Female Sex Workers in the Senegal Preexposure Prophylaxis Demonstration Project
Authors: Roberts D. Allen , Hawes Stephen E. , Bousso Bao Mame D. , Ndiaye Anna Julienne , Gueye Daouda , Raugi Dana N. , Mane Moustapha , Mboup Aminata , Diouf Ousmane , Jones Fatima , Kane Coumba Toure , Sarr Moussa , Mboup Souleymane , Gottlieb Geoffrey S. 
Published: March 2020

Background
Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can reduce HIV acquisition among female sex workers (FSWs). However, changes in condomless sex frequency after PrEP initiation could reduce PrEP effectiveness when PrEP adherence is suboptimal as well as increase the risk of acquiring other sexually transmitted infections. Objective measures of condomless sex may be more accurate for determining changes in sexual behavior than self-reported measures.

Methods
We longitudinally measured self-reported condom use, number of clients, and presence of Y-chromosomal DNA (Yc-DNA) in vaginal swabs among 267 FSWs accessing PrEP at 4 clinics in Senegal between 2015 and 2016. We assessed trends in sexual behavior over time since PrEP initiation using generalized estimating equations and evaluated predictors of Yc-DNA detection.

Results
We found no increase in self-reported condomless sex with clients (odds ratio [OR], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89–1.00), main partners (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.96–1.02), or Yc-DNA detection (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.90–1.08) over time since initiation. Y-chromosomal DNA was detected in 34 (22%) of 154 swabs tested and in 15 (26%) of 58 swabs from FSW reporting consistent condom use among both clients and main partners. Self-reported condom use with clients or main partners did not predict Yc-DNA detection.

Conclusions
In a FSW PrEP demonstration project in Senegal, we found no evidence of risk compensation among FSWs on PrEP as measured by self-reported behavior or through Yc-DNA detection. Y-chromosomal DNA detection was frequently detected among FSWs reporting consistent condom use, highlighting limitations of self-reported sexual behavioral measures.
Glucocorticoid-Associated Demise of a Patient With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Brahmsteadt Alexander E. , Bach John R. , Pishdad Reza , Cespedes Lissette , Pierucci Paola 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We describe the clinical deterioration of a 26-yr-old man with Duchenne muscular dystrophy on oral daily high-dose deflazacort. Although this daily regimen was targeted to benefit ambulation and respiration, it resulted in premature death with lethal sequelae from liver failure, decubiti, diabetes mellitus, and morbid obesity. This case illustrates the need for further research weighing risk versus benefit of daily glucocorticoid therapy, specifically deflazacort, in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. Thus, curtailment of daily dosing to eliminate dire sequelae in patients living longer into adulthood than ever before is recommended.
Three-Dimensional Measurement of the Lateral Lip Element Sacrificed in Primary Repair of a Unilateral Cleft Lip
Authors: Fujimoto Hiroki , Morioka Daichi , Akamine Syuryo , Takagi Shinsuke , Tosa Yasuyoshi , Kadomatsu Koichi , Ohkubo Fumio 
Published: March 2020

Background
In most children with a unilateral cleft lip (UCL), because lateral lip tissue on the cleft side is congenitally short, the lateral lip element should be appropriately excised during primary cheiloplasty so that symmetric nasolabial features are obtained after surgery. The purpose of this study was to measure how much of the lateral lip element is removed during primary cheiloplasty and compare the amount of sacrifice between different incision designs.

Methods
Preoperative 3-dimensional images of 50 infants with UCL were randomly selected. The incision designs of 3 representative techniques (Millard, Onizuka, and Fisher) were drawn on the images that were obtained before the primary repair. The lateral lip tissue excised by each technique was estimated as a percentage of the surface area of the sacrificed lateral lip to the entire lateral lip of the cleft side.

Results
In the case of incomplete UCL, the median values (range) were 3.2% (1.1%–5.9%), 11.6% (8.3%–20.1%), and 27.2% (15.1%–42.3%) for the Millard, Onizuka, and Fisher repairs, respectively. In cases of complete UCL, no sacrifice was needed for the Millard repair, whereas the median values (range) were 10.6% (5.2%–28.9%) and 22.5% (11.5%–48.6%) for the Onizuka and Fisher repairs, respectively. In Millard repair, the median values (range) of the lateral lip element that was resected before skin closure according to the “cut-as-you-go” policy were 5.8% (2.2%–11.8%) in cases with an incomplete UCL and 4.9% (2.7%–9.1%) in cases with a complete UCL.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that sacrifice of the lateral lip element was minimal in the Millard repair, whereas it could exceed 20% in the Fisher repair. However, additional sacrifice of the advancement flap was needed in the Millard-type repair. The ratio of the lateral lip sacrifice varied between patients. Although UCL repair techniques should not be evaluated with the sacrifice ratio, excessive sacrifice of the lateral lip tissue can complicate the secondary lip correction. We recommend that surgeons estimate preoperatively how much lateral lip element will be sacrificed with each incision design using a 3-dimensional image for each child with a UCL.
MiR-433 Regulates Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Targeting NDRG4 Via the PI3K/Akt Pathway
Authors: Cheng Hua , Yan Wei 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

Background and purpose:
Myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is a serious issue in the treatment of myocardial infarction. MiR-433 is upregulated in myocardial IR injury, but its specific effects remain unclear. In this study, we explored the effect and mechanism of miR-433 in myocardial IR injury.

Methods:
The expression of miR-433 was measured by qRT-PCR. H9c2 cells were transfected with miR-433 mimic and inhibitor after exposure to HR, respectively. Cell viability was detected by MTT. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Protein expression was assessed by western blot. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to assess the target reaction between miR-433 and NDRG4. In vivo rat model of IR was used, and antagomiR-433 was injected to IR rats.

Results:
The qRT-PCR results showed that miR-433 expression increased in H9c2 cardiomyocytes after exposure to HR. Transfection with miR-433 inhibitor significantly increased cell viability, reduced LDH and apoptosis, downregulated Bax level, and upregulated Bcl-2 level. In contrast, the miR-433 mimic significantly augmented the HR-induced effects. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis suggested that miR-433 directly targeted NDRG4. NDRG4 silencing abrogated the protection of miR-433 inhibition on HR injury in H9c2 cells. It also reversed PI3K/Akt pathway activation that was induced by miR-433 inhibition. MiR-433 inhibition significantly decreased CK-MB and LDH serum level in IR rats. And NDRG4, p-PI3K, and p-Akt protein expression was elevated by antagomiR-433 injection in vivo.

Conclusion:
MiR-433 regulated myocardial IR injury by targeting NDRG4 and modulating PI3K/Akt signal pathway.
PINK1 Activation and Translocation to Mitochondria-Associated Membranes Mediates Mitophagy and Protects Against Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Gu Jian , Zhang Tao , Guo Jianrong , Chen Ke , Li Huili , Wang Jiliang 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major concern in liver surgery settings. Mitochondria are critical targets or the origin of tissue injury, particularly I/R injury. Mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy, is a fundamental process that removes damaged or unwanted mitochondria for mitochondrial quality control, but its role in hepatic I/R remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of mitophagy in hepatic I/R by focusing on PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1). Livers from 10-week-old mice and primary hepatocytes were subjected to in vivo hepatic I/R and in vitro hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R), respectively. Analyses of oxidative stress, immunoblotting, and ATP generation showed that hepatic I/R leads to mitochondrial damage. Dysfunctional mitochondria promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis. Hepatic I/R led to decreases in the mitochondrial proteins COX4 and TOM20 and mitochondrial DNA and increases in the autophagy-related indicators LC3 and P62, which indicates that hepatic I/R promotes mitophagy. We found that I/R also leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress, which has frequent signal communication with mitochondria through the mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). We showed that the mitophagy-related proteins Parkin, Beclin, optineurin were enhanced in hepatic I/R. No significant change is in PINK1 but it translocated to MAMs region to initiate mitophagy. The silencing PINK1 by shRNA in cultured primary hepatocytes reduced the level of H/R-induced mitophagy, leading to the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria during H/R, increased production of ROS, mitochondria-induced apoptosis, and eventually hepatocyte death. Taken together, these findings indicate that PINK1-mediated mitophagy plays a key role in mitochondrial quality control and liver cell survival during I/R.
The Effect of Washing of Stored Red Blood Cell Transfusion Units on Post Transfusion Recovery and Outcome in a Pneumosepsis Animal Model
Authors: van Manen Lisa , Maas Adrie , Roelofs Joris J.T.H. , Vlaar Alexander P.J. , van Bruggen Robin , Juffermans Nicole P. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Septic patients are often anemic, requiring red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. However, RBC transfusions are associated with organ injury. The mechanisms of RBC-induced organ injury are unknown, but increased clearance of donor RBCs from the circulation with trapping in the organs could play a role. We hypothesized that washing of RBCs prior to transfusion may reduce clearance and trapping of donor cells and thereby reduce organ injury.

Methods:
Sprague-Dawley rats were inoculated intratracheally with 107 colony-forming units (CFU) of Streptococcus pneumoniae or vehicle as a control and transfused with either a washed or standard (non-washed) biotinylated RBC transfusion from syngeneic rats. Controls received saline. Blood samples were taken directly after transfusion and at 24 h to calculate the 24 h post transfusion recovery (PTR). After sacrifice, flow cytometry was used to detect donor RBCs in organs and blood. The organs were histologically scored by a pathologist and CFUs in the lung and blood were counted.

Results:
The 24h-PTR was similar between healthy and pneumoseptic rats after a standard transfusion. In healthy rats, a washed transfusion resulted in a higher PTR and less accumulation of donor RBCs in the organs compared with a standard transfusion. However, during pneumonia, this effect of washing was not seen. Transfusion did not further augment lung injury induced by pneumonia, but washing decreased bacterial outgrowth in the lungs associated with reduced lung injury.

Conclusion:
In healthy recipients, washing increased 24h-PTR of donor RBCs and decreased trapping in organs. In pneumoseptic rats, washing reduced bacterial outgrowth and lung injury, but did not improve PTR.