bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-Level Laser Therapy for Osteoarthritis Treatment in Dogs at Missouri Veterinary Practice
Authors: Barger Brenna K. , Bisges Adam M. , Fox Derek B. , Torres Bryan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A qualitative survey was electronically distributed to practicing veterinarians in the state of Missouri to evaluate the frequency of use and economic impact of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) in dogs in Missouri. The survey response rate was 10% (89/867). Approximately half (43%) of respondents had LLLT units, of which all used LLLT for OA treatment in dogs. In respondents without LLLT units, 20% referred patients for LLLT OA treatment. Training was most often obtained in-house by a representative of the LLLT unit manufacturer (76%). Treatment dose was largely unknown and chosen by predetermined settings on the LLLT unit (65%). In the majority of patients (84%), no treatment site preparation was performed. An average of four patients with OA were treated per wk with an average cost per treated joint of $28 (range: $15–45). This study provides insight into the current clinical use and estimated annual economic impact ($6.2 million per year) of treating a single OA joint in dogs with LLLT by Missouri veterinarians. The frequency with which LLLT is used in the treatment of OA combined with the variation in training and treatment protocols supports the need for further research regarding the application and efficacy of LLLT in dogs with OA.
Nimustine Treatment of 11 Cases of Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma
Authors: Tani Hiroyuki , Kurita Sena , Miyamoto Ryo , Sawada Harumi , Fujiwara-Igarashi Aki , Michishita Masaki , Azakami Daigo , Hasegawa Daisuke , Tamura Kyoichi , Bonkobara Makoto 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
The objective of this retrospective study was to report treatment outcomes in dogs with histiocytic sarcoma (HS) that were treated with nimustine (ACNU). This study evaluated data from 11 dogs including 5 with macroscopic tumors that were treated in the primary setting and 6 that underwent aggressive local therapy while being treated in the adjuvant setting. The median ACNU starting dose was 25 mg/m2 (range, 20–30 mg/m2; 3- to 5-wk intervals, 1–8 administrations). The median overall survival in the primary and adjuvant settings was 120 days (median progression-free survival [PFS], 63 days) and 400 days (median PFS, 212 days), respectively. Neutropenia was observed in eight cases (grade 1, n = 1; grade 2, n = 2; grade 3, n = 2; grade 4, n = 3) with nadir neutrophil count at 1 wk after ACNU administration. Mild gastrointestinal toxicity (grade 1–2) was observed in three cases. ACNU was well tolerated and showed a similar outcome to that seen for lomustine, which is a drug commonly used to treat canine HS, in terms of overall survival and PFS in the current study population. Further investigations will need to be undertaken to definitively determine if ACNU is an appropriate alternative to lomustine for the treatment of HS.
Gastric Intravascular Lymphoma in a Dog: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Guillén Alexandra , Rossanese Matteo , Ricci Emanuele , German Alexander James , Blackwood Laura 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTIntravascular lymphoma (IVL) is a rare, high-grade, extranodal lymphoma characterized by selective proliferation of neoplastic lymphocytes within the lumen of small vessels. A 10 yr old female intact mixed-breed dog was presented with a 7 mo history of vomiting and anorexia. Physical examination revealed abdominal discomfort. Ultrasonography and endoscopy identified a submucosal gastric mass. Excision was performed by partial gastrectomy and histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed a T-cell IVL. The owner declined chemotherapy, and the dog was instead treated palliatively with prednisolone. Two months after surgery, vomiting recurred and abdominal ultrasonography revealed a large gastric ulcer with focal peritonitis. The dog was euthanized 4 mo after initial presentation and postmortem examination confirmed IVL recurrence in the stomach and an isolated nodule of neoplastic cells in the omentum. No involvement of other organs was found following histopathological examination. This is the first description of primary gastric intravascular lymphoma causing chronic vomiting in a dog.
Airway management in bariatric surgery patients, our experience in Qatar: A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Raju Vegesna Atchyuta R. , Al-Anee Kassim N. , Bashah Moataz Mahmoud M. , Faraj Jafar H. 
Published: March 2020

Background: Obesity has always been considered a criterion of difficult airway management, and many authors have tackled this subject. We are presenting our experience in airway management in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery in Qatar and comparing the results with previous studies. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to explore the relationship between difficult mask ventilation and difficult intubation. The secondary objective was to identify other factors that may play a role in either difficulty such as gender, associated comorbidities, and the skill and experience of anesthetists. Design: This study was a prospective observational cohort study. Sample: A total of 401 patients were selected for various elective bariatric surgery in Hamad General Hospital, including 130 males and 271 females with an average body mass index(BMI) of 46.03 kg m− 2. Results: We used Pearson Chi-Square and Yates corrected Chi-square statistical tests in our statistical analysis. Neck circumference had a p value of 0.001 in both genders. The male gender had a p value of 0.052 and 0.012 in mask ventilation and difficult intubation, respectively. The Mallampati score had a p value of 0.56 and 0.006 in mask ventilation and intubation, respectively. In general, neck circumference, Mallampati score, gender, obstructive sleep apnea, and diabetes mellitus had greater negative effects on airway management than BMI alone. Conclusion: It was hard to intubate 25% of patients who had difficult mask ventilation (DMV). All DMV and 20 out of 23 of difficult intubation patients were in the high BMI group ( ≥ 40). Neck circumference, Mallampati score, and male gender were major independent factors; however, other factors, such as obstructive sleep apnea, and diabetes mellitus, should be kept in mind as additional risks.
Preparation and Properties of Lauryl Alcohol-Caprylic Acid Eutectics/Activated Charcoal Composites as Shape-stabilized Phase Change Materials for Cold Energy Storage
Authors: LIU Yuan , CHEN Yanghua 
Published: March 2020

A novel form-stable composite phase change materials for cold energy storage were prepared using physical blending adsorption method. In the shape-stabilized composites, lauryl alcohol (LA) and caprylic acid (CA) were employed as phase change materials, which were blended together at specific mass ratio based on theoretical calculations. Activated charcoal (AC) was selected as supporting material due to its advantages like large specific surface area and high thermal conductivity. The composites were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The results of FE-SEM and FT-IR displayed that the eutectics of LA and CA was well absorbed and dispersed homogeneously into the porous network structure of the AC and the melted eutectics was not easy to leak from the reticular structure. Moreover, there was only physical absorption between the eutectic mixture and AC. The results of DSC and TGA indicated that phase change temperature and latent heat of the prepared composites increased with the increase of the binary eutectics mass ratio and AC can enhance the thermal stability of composites. The composites with the mass ratio 60% of the eutectics melted at – 0.21 ℃ with a latent heat enthalpy of 28.08 J/g and solidified at – 2.33 ℃ with a latent solidification enthalpy of 29.70 J/g. The prepared composites will contribute to cold energy storage of low temperature range.
One Step Synthesis of Au Nanoparticles Supported on Graphene Oxide Using an Eco-Friendly Microwave-Assisted Process
Authors: MARINOIU Adriana , ANDREI Radu , VAGNER Irina , NICULESCU Violeta , BUCURA Felicia , CONSTANTINESCU Marius , CARCADEA Elena 
Published: March 2020

Microwave (MW) assisted processes become more and more used in the synthesis and alteration of graphene materials. This technique brings some various advantages compare to the classical ones because it is a green, low-cost, environmentally-friendly process. Moreover, no toxic solvent is necessary for the production of high-quality graphene-based materials. This eco-friendly process has recently received important attention as uniform, fast, energy efficient and scalable approach to synthesis noble metals supported on graphene oxide. A facile, rapid, low cost and efficient method to prepare gold supported on reduced graphene oxide (Au/rGO) is presented in this paper. The Au/rGO samples were produced using the microwave power of 800 W and two temperatures, 60 and 80°C, for 30 minutes only. The physical characterization showed that the Au nanoparticles were grafting on the graphene surface. Additionally, the nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms show a high pore volume and specific surface suggesting that a larger mesoporous volume have been achieved. The presence of interconnections between micropores and mesopores is beneficial to the mass transport process in PEMFC by creating a facile access of the reactants. Moreover, the accelerated stability tests (AST) of the catalysts showed that the catalysts are stable and no remarkable change in the shape of the voltammetry curve could be observed after 200 cycles.
Evaluation of Penetration Depth of Sodium Hypochlorite Into Dentinal Tubules After Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation Compared to Er;Yag Laser Activation. An In-Vitro Study
Authors: RAİES Abdullah , ALMARRAWI Khetam , AL NESSER Salma 
Published: March 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare
penetration depth of sodium hypochlorite into dentinal tubules after passive
ultrasonic agitation or ER; YAG activated irrigant.Materials and Methods: Twenty-four single rooted human
mature mandibular premolars were decoronated and accessed. After locating the
apex and determining the working length, preparation of root canal was done up
to #35 file using Mtwo system and with 5.25 NaOCl irrigation. Teeth were then
sealed apically with wax and submerged in a crystal violet dye for 48 hours to
stain dentin. NaOCl Irrigation was activated with either Ultrasonic or ER;YAG laser.
Specimens were sectioned longitudinally and depth of bleached zone was
evaluated under a stereomicroscope 40X.Results: Penetration depth was significantly
higher in overall root canal in ultrasonic group than ER; YAG laser group (P=.000).
In ER;YAG Laser group, the highest penetration depth was in the coronal third
followed by middle and third, with significant difference between apical third
and both middle and coronal thirds (P=.009, .003 respectively), and no
significant difference between middle and coronal thirds (P=.083).

Highest penetration depth was seen
in middle third for no significant deference in penetration depth between the
three thirds of the root canal activated with Ultrasonic (P=.664). Conclusion: ultrasonic activation can lead to more NaOCl
penetration into dentinal tubules than activation with ER;YAG.
Climatic variation in Africa and Europe has combined effects on timing of spring migration in a long-distance migrant Willow WarblerPhylloscopus trochilus
Authors: Remisiewicz Magdalena , Underhill Les G. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundThe arrival of many species of migrant passerine in the European spring has shifted earlier over recent decades, attributed to climate change and rising temperatures in Europe and west Africa. Few studies have shown the effects of climate change in both hemispheres though many long-distance migrants use wintering grounds which span Africa. The migrants’ arrival in Europe thus potentially reflects a combination of the conditions they experience across Africa. We examine if the timing of spring migration of a long-distance migrant, the Willow Warbler, is related to large-scale climate indices across Africa and Europe.MethodsUsing data from daily mistnetting from 1 April to 15 May in 1982–2017 at Bukowo (Poland, Baltic Sea coast), we developed an Annual Anomaly metric (AA, in days) to estimate how early or late Willow Warblers arrive each spring in relation to their multi-year average pattern. The Willow Warblers’ spring passage advanced by 5.4 days over the 36 years. We modelled AA using 14 potential explanatory variables in multiple regression models. The variables were the calendar year and 13 large-scale indices of climate in Africa and Europe averaged over biologically meaningful periods of two to four months during the year before spring migration.ResultsThe best model explained 59% of the variation in AA with seven variables: Northern Atlantic Oscillation (two periods), Indian Ocean Dipole, Southern Oscillation Index, Sahel Precipitation Anomaly, Scandinavian Index and local mean temperatures. The study also confirmed that a long-term trend for Willow Warblers to arrive earlier in spring continued up to 2017.DiscussionOur results suggest that the timing of Willow Warbler spring migration at the Baltic Sea coast is related to a summation of the ecological conditions they had encountered over the previous year during breeding, migration south, wintering in Africa and migration north. We suggest these large-scale climate indices reflect ecological drivers for phenological changes in species with complex migration patterns and discuss the ways in which each of the seven climate indices could be related to spring migration at the Baltic Sea coast.
Identification of WRKY gene family and characterization of cold stress-responsive WRKY genes in eggplant
Authors: Yang Yan , Liu Jun , Zhou Xiaohui , Liu Songyu , Zhuang Yong 
Published: March 2020

Background
WRKY proteins play a vital role in the plants response to different stresses, growth and development. Studies of WRKY proteins have been mainly focused on model plant Arabidopsis and a few other vegetable plants. However, the systematical study of eggplant WRKY transcription factor superfamily is scarce.

Methods
Bioinformatics has been used to identify and characterize the eggplant WRKY gene family. For the exploration of the differentially expressed WRKY genes, two cultivars with different cold-tolerance were used. Finally, we performed a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiment to verify the functions of SmWRKY26 and SmWRKY32.

Results
Fifty eight (58) genes encoding eggplant WRKY proteins were identified through searching the eggplant genome. Eggplant WRKY proteins could be classified into three groups or seven subgroups in accordance with other plants. WRKY variants were identified from the eggplant. Gene structure analysis showed that the number of intron in eggplant WRKY family was from 0 to 11, with an average of 4.4. Conserved motif analysis suggested that WRKY DNA-binding domain was conserved in eggplant WRKY proteins. Furthermore, RNA-seq data showed that WRKY genes were differentially expressed in eggplant response to cold stress. By using VIGS, the two differentially expressed genes-SmWRKY26 and SmWRKY32 were verified in response to cold stress.

Discussions
This study provides a foundation for further exploring the functions of WRKY proteins in eggplant response to stresses and eggplant genetic improvement in stresses.
Prevalence and Practice of Self-medication among University Students in Pakistan through Online Resources
Authors: Mehmood Asim , Adnan Sherjeel , Khan Maseer , Karunamoorthi Kaliyaperumal , Azeez Fahad Khan 
Published: March 2020

Background: Self-medication or self-care is regarded as an unhealthy practice. However, it is widely accepted and practiced in the low and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to scarcity of health resources.
Objectives: To assess the prevalence and practice of self-medication among university students in Pakistan through online resources.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2017 and August 2017 by involving 991 university students. A questionnaire was administered to obtain data.
Results: The majority 85.9% (852/991) of the respondents knew aboutonline medicines and their uses of self-medication. Overall, 68% (674/991) of them have to travel long-distances to access essential health services. Nearly half (41.7%) of the respondents procured drugs through the online sources, while only 15.6% of them obtained through pharmacies.
Conclusions: The rampant irrational use of drugs without medical guidance could contribute to adverse consequences viz.; the emergence of multi-drug resistance, adverse drug reactions, drug interactions etc. Strict regulations must be enforced to limit public access to online-drugs by the law-enforcement agencies.
Evaluation of Conventional Cultivars and Hybrid Rice Varieties by Their Morpho-physiological Performance during Aman Season
Authors: Islam Ariful , Akhter Nasima , Rahman Md. Saidur , Rahman Md. Mofizur 
Published: March 2020

Aims: The objectives of the research work were to evaluate the morpho-physiological characteristics of selected local and high yielding varieties (HYV) of rice.
Study Design: The research used randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications.
Place and Duration of Study: Central research field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207 during June to December 2017.
Methodology: In this research we used seven conventional rice cultivars (Kanchancni, Chinisagar, Sunashail, Ranjay, Lohadang, Haldijan, Kohabinni) and three high yielding rice varieties (BR11, BRRI dhan46 and BRRI dhan51) where different morpho-physiological data were taken for evaluation their performance. Obtaining data were analyzed by using analysis of variance technique and subsequently, least significance difference (LSD at 5%) for comparing the treatment means by MSTAT-C software.
Results: The morpho-physiological characters showed the considerable variation during the experimentation. Among the different growth parameter, the highest plant height and flag leaf area was found from Lohadang, number of leaves hill-1 and number of tillers hill-1 from Ranjay, crop growth rate and absolute grain growth rate from Sunashail, flag leaf dry weight from Kanchancni and SPAD value of flag leaf and specific leaf weight from BRRI dhan51. Meanwhile, the minimum days to anthesis, days from anthesis to maturity and life duration from germination to maturity were recorded from BRRI dhan46 and Kanchancni, respectively.
Conclusions: The results showed that among the conventional rice cultivars Kanchancni and the HYV varieties, BRRI dhan46 exhibit better morpho-physiological performance than others.
Growth, Yield, Seed and Seedling Quality Parameters of Rapeseed-mustard Varieties under Different Seed Priming Options
Authors: Das Rupa , Biswas Saikat , Biswas Utpal , Dutta Amitava 
Published: March 2020

Rationale: Crop production and quality of produce get affected by drought, stand establishment and low availability of nutrients. Apart from various prevailing methods, seed treatment through priming now-a-days has been found to noticeably improve crop establishment for increasing seed yield and quality.
Aim: To study the effect of various seed priming options on rapeseed-mustard varieties.
Place of Study: A field experiment was conducted at AB Block Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India during winter season of 2017-2018.
Methodology: Experiment comprised six rapeseed-mustard varieties (Anushka, Sanchita, TBM-143,TBM-204, Kranti and Pusa Bold) in main plot and five seed priming options (KH2PO4 @ 0.15 mol 100 ml water-1 5 g seeds-1, KNO3 @ 0.1 mol 100 ml water-1 5 g seeds-1, PEG 6000 @ -0.3 MPa 100 ml water-1 5 g seeds-1, hydro priming @ 100 ml 5 g seeds-1 and control) in subplot, replicated thrice in a split plot design. Observations on growth and yield contributing parameters were recorded from the field. Further, various quality parameters of seed and seedlings were evaluated in the laboratory. Data on all the parameters were finally statistically analyzed.
Results: Among the varieties, Pusa Bold performed better in terms of growth, yield contributing parameters and seed yield under seed priming through either KH2PO4 @ 0.15 mol 100 ml water-1 5 g seeds-1 or PEG 6000 @ -0.3 MPa 100 ml water-1 5 g seeds-1. Seed and seedling quality parameters such as root and shoot lengths, seedling fresh and dry weights, germination % and vigour index were also improved under the same.
Conclusion: Cultivation of mustard variety, Pusa Bold by seed priming through any of those two chemicals (KH2PO4 or PEG 6000) can be recommended for New alluvial zone of West Bengal, India.
Transcriptional and Functional Changes of the Human Microvasculature during Physiological Aging and Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Bersini Simone , Arrojo e Drigo Rafael , Huang Ling , Shokhirev Maxim N. , Hetzer Martin W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAging of the circulatory system correlates with the pathogenesis of a large spectrum of diseases. However, it is largely unknown which factors drive the age‐dependent or pathological decline of the vasculature and how vascular defects relate to tissue aging. The goal of the study is to design a multianalytical approach to identify how the cellular microenvironment (i.e., fibroblasts) and serum from healthy donors of different ages or Alzheimer disease (AD) patients can modulate the functionality of organ‐specific vascular endothelial cells (VECs). Long‐living human microvascular networks embedding VECs and fibroblasts from skin biopsies are generated. RNA‐seq, secretome analyses, and microfluidic assays demonstrate that fibroblasts from young donors restore the functionality of aged endothelial cells, an effect also achieved by serum from young donors. New biomarkers of vascular aging are validated in human biopsies and it is shown that young serum induces angiopoietin‐like‐4, which can restore compromised vascular barriers. This strategy is then employed to characterize transcriptional/functional changes induced on the blood–brain barrier by AD serum, demonstrating the importance of PTP4A3 in the regulation of permeability. Features of vascular degeneration during aging and AD are recapitulated, and a tool to identify novel biomarkers that can be exploited to develop future therapeutics modulating vascular function is established.
Metal‐Based Nanomaterials in Biomedical Applications: Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity Aspects
Authors: Makvandi Pooyan , Wang Chen‐yu , Zare Ehsan Nazarzadeh , Borzacchiello Assunta , Niu Li‐na , Tay Franklin R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMicrobial colonization on material surfaces is ubiquitous. Biofilms derived from surface‐colonized microbes pose serious problems to the society from both an economical perspective and a health concern. Incorporation of antimicrobial nanocompounds within or on the surface of materials, or by coatings, to prevent microbial adhesion or kill the microorganisms after their attachment to biofilms, represents an important strategy in an increasingly challenging field. Over the last decade, many studies have been devoted to preparing meta‐based nanomaterials that possess antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities to combat pathogen‐related diseases. Herein, an overview on the state‐of‐the‐art antimicrobial nanosized metal‐based compounds is provided, including metal and metal oxide nanoparticles as well as transition metal nanosheets. The antimicrobial mechanism of these nanostructures and their biomedical applications such as catheters, implants, medical delivery systems, tissue engineering, and dentistry are discussed. Their properties as well as potential caveats such as cytotoxicity, diminishing efficacy, and induction of antimicrobial resistance of materials incorporating these nanostructures are reviewed to provide a backdrop for future research.