bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Produksi pelengkap nutrisi dari mikroalga laut <i>Spirulina platensis</i> dan <i>Botyrococcus braunii</i>
Authors: Arbianti Rita , Amini Sri , Utami Tania Surya 
Published: March 2020

Production of nutritional supplements from Spirulina platensis and Botyrococcus Braunii marine microalgae.The low level of health of pregnant women is one of the results from the deficiency of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in Indonesia. Giving supplement containing DHA, EPA, and AA, can solve the problem. Usually, these nutritional supplements are produced from marine fish oil. However, this source has several deficiencies that influence the quality of the fatty acid produced. Therefore, alternative sources of oil need to be found that can replace fish oil to produce DHA, EPA, and AA. One of the very potential sources is heterotrophic cultivated microalgae. In this study, microalgae from species Spirulina platensis and Botyrococcus braunii collected from Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnology in Jakarta, were cultivated. Once microalgae is cultivated autotrophically, the culture were transformed to heterotrophic condition by adding 0.5 g/L glucose solution. Results showed that lipid yield from S.platensis and B. braunii were 5.297 and 0.173 (%-w dry biomass), respectively. Composition of DHA, EPA and AA from S.platensis and B.braunii oils were 0.006, 0.002, and 0.001 (%-w of lipid), respectively.Keywords: Spirulina platensis, Botryococcus braunii, heterotroph, microwave, microalgae AbstrakSalah satu dampak kekurangan asam-asam lemak omega-3 dan omega-6 di Indonesia adalah rendahnya tingkat kesehatan ibu hamil. Pemberian pelengkap nutrisi yang mengandung DHA, EPA dan AA dapat menjadi solusi permasalahan tersebut. Pada umumnya suplemen tersebut diperoleh dari minyak ikan laut, namun sumber ini memiliki beberapa kekurangan yang mempengaruhi kualitas asam lemak yang dihasilkan, sehingga diperlukan pengganti minyak ikan laut sebagai sumber utama DHA, EPA dan AA. Salah satu sumber pelengkap nutrisi yang sangat potensial adalah mikroalga yang dikultivasi secara heterotrof. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan kultivasi mikroalga spesies Spirulina platensis dan Botyrococcus braunii yang dikoleksi oleh Balai Besar Bioteknologi dan Perikanan di Jakarta. Kultivasi masing-masing mikroalga tersebut mula-mula dilakukan secara normal (autotrof), kemudian dikondisikan menjadi heterotrof dengan pemberian glukosa 0,5 g/L. Hasil ekstraksi dengan gelombang mikro menunjukkan bahwa S. platensis dan B. braunii yang dikultivasi secara heterotrof memiliki kandungan minyak berturut-turut sebesar 5,297 dan 0,173 %-b (berdasarkan biomassa kering). Kandungan DHA, EPA, dan AA dalam minyak dari kedua mikroalga tersebut adalah berturut-turut sebesar 0,006, 0,002, dan 0,001 %-massa relatif terhadap minyak.Kata kunci: Spirulina platensis, Botryococcus braunii, heterotrof, gelombang mikro, mikroalga
Hematolymphoid Neoplasms Rarely Mimic Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Soft Tissue
Authors: Cannatella John , Ganapathi Karthik , Horvai Andrew 
Published: March 2020

Context.—Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) of soft tissue is defined as a sarcoma with no recognizable line of differentiation. During the past few decades, advances in ancillary studies and review of prior UPS diagnoses have narrowed the category of UPS by excluding more-specific malignancies. However, few of those studies have specifically targeted pleomorphic hematolymphoid neoplasms.Objective.—To determine what fraction of UPS cases are misclassified pleomorphic hematolymphoid neoplasms, such as anaplastic large cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, histiocytic sarcoma (HS), myeloid sarcoma, and follicular dendritic cell sarcoma.Design.—Sixty-one UPS cases were screened by tissue microarray and an immunostain panel with subsequent analysis on whole block sections for suspicious cases.Results.—Five of 61 tumors (8%) were suggestive of HS based on the screening panel and were further evaluated with additional immunostains (PU.1, CD45, CD163) using whole sections. The 5 candidate HS cases were only focally positive for at most one stain with most staining in smaller, less-pleomorphic cells. Ultimately, no UPS met criteria for anaplastic large cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, myeloid sarcoma, follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, or HS.Conclusions.—Our results suggest that a UPS of somatic soft tissue is unlikely to represent a misclassified hematopoietic malignancy. Exclusion of HS is most challenging, but immunostaining for PU.1, a nuclear transcription factor, may be easier to interpret in this context.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Dose Reduction for Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Lawson Daeria O. , Eraso Maria , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Joanes Marianinha , Aves Theresa , Leenus Alvin , Omar Ahmed , Inman Robert D. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveThe present study was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness and safety of dose reduction of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) therapy in the treatment of axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) compared to usual care.MethodsWe searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Medline, and trial registries. We screened, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias in duplicate. Data were pooled using random‐effects models; subgroup analyses were performed for type of TNFi, prior TNFi exposure, and follow‐up duration. Outcomes of interest were Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) response and remission criteria, disease activity, relapse, and safety.ResultsWe included 6 randomized trials with 747 participants (442 with ankylosing spondylitis and 305 with nonradiographic axial SpA). Compared to the standard dose, there were fewer events with the reduced dose for the ASAS criteria for 40% improvement (risk ratio [RR] 0.62 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.49, 0.78]) and for ASAS partial remission (RR 0.17 [95% CI 0.06, 0.46]). There was a mean increase in the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index score (mean difference [MD] 0.35 [95% CI 0.10, 0.60]) and no difference in C‐reactive protein levels (MD 0.16 [95% CI –0.76, 1.07]) with the reduced dose. There were more disease flares/relapses (RR 1.73 [95% CI 1.32, 2.27]) with the reduced dose. There were no differences in infection rates (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.98 [95% CI 0.76, 1.25]) or injection/infusion reactions (IRR 0.71 [95% CI 0.42, 1.19]).ConclusionPatients with axial SpA may experience little to no clinical benefit from reduction of TNFi therapy. Maintaining the standard dose probably improves the sustained effect on disease activity and helps to prevent disease flare.
A Dual Role of Type I Interferons in Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Zhou Lili , Zhang Yuqi , Wang Yongqiang , Zhang Meirong , Sun Wenhuan , Dai Tong , Wang Aijun , Wu Xiaojin , Zhang Suping , Wang Shuai , Zhou Fangfang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractType I interferons (IFN‐Is) are a family of cytokines that exert direct antiviral effects and regulate innate and adaptive immune responses through direct and indirect mechanisms. It is generally believed that IFN‐Is repress tumor development via restricting tumor proliferation and inducing antitumor immune responses. However, recent emerging evidence suggests that IFN‐Is play a dual role in antitumor immunity. That is, in the early stage of tumorigenesis, IFN‐Is promote the antitumor immune response by enhancing antigen presentation in antigen‐presenting cells and activating CD8+ T cells. However, in the late stage of tumor progression, persistent expression of IFN‐Is induces the expression of immunosuppressive factors (PD‐L1, IDO, and IL‐10) on the surface of dendritic cells and other bone marrow cells and inhibits their antitumor immunity. This review outlines these dual functions of IFN‐Is in antitumor immunity and elucidates the involved mechanisms, as well as their applications in tumor therapy.
Recent Advances in Smart Biomaterials for the Detection and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Shodeinde Aaliyah B. , Murphy Andrew C. , Oldenkamp Heidi F. , Potdar Abhishek S. , Ludolph Catherine M. , Peppas Nicholas A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAutoimmune diseases are a group of debilitating illnesses that are often idiopathic in nature. The steady rise in the prevalence of these conditions warrants new approaches for diagnosis and treatment. Stimuli‐responsive biomaterials also known as “smart,” “intelligent,” or “recognitive” biomaterials are widely studied for their applications in drug delivery, biosensing, and tissue engineering due to their ability to produce thermal, optical, chemical, or structural changes upon interacting with the biological environment. Studies within the last decade that harness the recognitive capabilities of these biomaterials toward the development of novel detection and treatment options for autoimmune diseases are critically analyzed.
Degradation Mechanism of Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes: An In Situ Investigation via Electroabsorption Spectroscopy and Device Modelling
Authors: Guo Yuwei , Jia Yongheng , Li Nan , Chen Mengyu , Hu Sujuan , Liu Chuan , Zhao Ni 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe past few years have seen a significant improvement in the efficiency of organometal halide‐perovskite‐based light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, poor operation stability of the devices still hinders the commercialization of this technology for practical applications. Despite extensive studies on the degradation mechanisms of perovskite thin films, it remains unclear where and how degradation occurs in a PeLED. Electroabsorption (EA) spectroscopy is applied to study the degradation process of PeLEDs during operation and directly evaluates the stability of each functional layer (i.e., charge transporting layers and light‐emitting layer) by monitoring their unique optical signatures. The EA measurements unambiguously reveal that the degradation of the PeLEDs occurs predominantly in the perovskite layer. With finite‐element method‐based device modeling, it is further revealed that the degradation may initiate from the interface between the perovskite and hole transporting layers and that vacancy, antisite, or interstitial defects can further accelerate this degradation. Inspired by these observations, a surface‐treatment step is introduced to passivate the perovskite surface with phenethylammonium iodide. The passivation leads to a drastic enhancement of the PeLED stability, with the operation lifetime increased from 1.5 to 11.3 h under a current density of 100 mA cm−2.
Molecular Engineering of Cyano‐Substituted Carbazole‐Based Host Materials for Simultaneous Achievement of High Efficiency and Long Lifetime in Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Konidena Rajendra Kumar , Chung Won Jae , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA series of isomeric high triplet energy host materials named 1CNCzBN, 2CNCzBN, 3CNCzBN, and 4CNCzBN containing a cyanocarbazole and a benzonitrile for blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) is presented. The effect of the substitution position of the cyano unit in the carbazole core on physicochemical and electroluminescence characteristics is described. All the compounds show high triplet energy (ET) of above 2.85 eV and the 3CNCzBN compound containing the cyano unit at C3 position of carbazole exhibits superior ET of 3.04 eV. Except for 1CNCzBN, all the compounds reveal good electron‐transporting properties, evidenced by the single carrier device analysis. Furthermore, the applicability of these compounds as electron‐transport‐type host materials for blue PhOLEDs is tested by employing a blue phosphor and the blue PhOLEDs exhibit high EQE over 20%. Among the compounds, the 3CNCzBN‐based device exhibits excellent performance with maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 25.6% and current efficiency (CE) of 52.1 cd A−1. Importantly, all the compounds reveal excellent operational stability with long lifetime and the 3CNCzBN device displays superior lifetime of 20 h up to 70% of its initial luminance (L0 = 1000 cd m−2). It is believed that this study will provide fundamental insights to develop highly efficient cyano featured carbazole‐based host materials for blue PhOLEDs with superior EQE and long lifetime.
Loamy sand soil approaches organic carbon saturation after 37 years of conservation tillage
Authors: Novak J.M. , Watts D.W. , Bauer P.J. , Karlen D.L. , Hunt P.G. , Mishra U. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConservation tillage is reported to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents, but long‐term (>30 yr) field results quantifying the responses in Coastal Plain Ultisols are sparse. The distribution, accumulation, and topsoil storage of SOC and TN after 37 yr of crop production using conventional (CvT) or conservation tillage (CnT) on a Norfolk loamy sand (fine‐loamy, kaolinitic, thermic, Typic Kandiudults) were quantified. Soil samples were collected annually from the 0−5‐, 5−10‐, and 10−15‐cm depth increments beneath corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crops. Overall, SOC and TN accumulation in the 0−5‐cm depth were highest for Norfolk soil under CnT. Focusing on total long‐term changes for the 0−15‐cm sampling depth beneath various corn crops shows that CnT and CvT sequestered 24.7 and 21.4 Mg C ha−1, respectively. Between 1978 and 2016, there was a highly significant (P < .0001) exponential increase in SOC within the top 5‐cm soil depth. However, the exponential curves began to plateau suggesting the Norfolk topsoil was approaching its organic carbon (OC) storage capacity. These field measurements strongly indicate that additional topsoil SOC increases with current tillage and crop management practices are limited.
Direct Dynamic Evidence of Charge Separation in a Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell Obtained under Operando Conditions by Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Mao Zhu , Ye Yutong , Lv Haiming , Han Xiao Xia , Park Yeonju , Zang Libin , Zhao Bing , Jung Young Mee 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInterfaces play an important role in enhancing the energy conversion performance of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The interface effects have been studied by many techniques, but most of the studies only focused on one part of a DSC, rather than on a complete solar cell. Hence, monitoring the interface evolution of a DSC is still very challenging. Here, in situ/operando resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopic analyses were carried out to monitor the dynamics of the photovoltaic conversion processes in a DSC. We observed the creation of new species (i.e., polyiodide and iodine aggregates) in the photosensitization process. We also obtained molecular‐scale dynamic evidence that the bands from the C=C and C=N bonds of 2,2′‐bipyridyl (bpy), the S=C=N bonds of the NCS ligand, and photochemical products undergo reasonably strong intensity and frequency changes, which clearly demonstrates that they are involved in charge separation. Furthermore, RR spectroscopy can also be used to quickly evaluate the performance of DSCs.
Strong, Self‐Healable, and Recyclable Visible‐Light‐Responsive Hydrogel Actuators
Authors: Jiang Zhen , Tan Ming Li , Taheri Mahdiar , Yan Qiao , Tsuzuki Takuya , Gardiner Michael G. , Diggle Broden , Connal Luke A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe most pressing challenges for light‐driven hydrogel actuators include reliance on UV light, slow response, poor mechanical properties, and limited functionalities. Now, a supramolecular design strategy is used to address these issues. Key is the use of a benzylimine‐functionalized anthracene group, which red‐shifts the absorption into the visible region and also stabilizes the supramolecular network through π–π interactions. Acid–ether hydrogen bonds are incorporated for energy dissipation under mechanical deformation and maintaining hydrophilicity of the network. This double‐crosslinked supramolecular hydrogel developed via a simple synthesis exhibits a unique combination of high strength, rapid self‐healing, and fast visible‐light‐driven shape morphing both in the wet and dry state. As all of the interactions are dynamic, the design enables the structures to be recycled and reprogrammed into different 3D objects.
Halide Double Perovskite Ferroelectrics
Authors: Zhang Weichuan , Hong Maochun , Luo Junhua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHalide double perovskites have recently emerged as a promising environmentally friendly optoelectronic and photovoltaic material for their inherent thermodynamic stability, high defect tolerance, and appropriate band gaps. However, to date, no ferroelectric material based on halide double perovskites has been discovered. Herein, by hetero‐substitution of lead and cation intercalation of n‐propylamine, the first halide double perovskite ferroelectric, (n‐propylammonium)2CsAgBiBr7 (1), is reported and it exhibits distinct ferroelectricity with a notable saturation polarization of about 1.5 μC cm−2. More importantly, single‐crystal photodetectors of 1 exhibit extraordinary performance with containing high on/off ratios of about 104, fast response rates of 141 μs, and detectivity as high as 5.3×1011 Jones. This finding opens a new way to design high‐performance perovskite ferroelectrics, and provides a viable approach in the search for stable and lead‐free optoelectronic materials as an alternative to the lead‐containing system.
Silk‐Inspired β‐Peptide Materials Resist Fouling and the Foreign‐Body Response
Authors: Zhang Donghui , Chen Qi , Zhang Wenjing , Liu Hengjiang , Wan Jianglin , Qian Yuxin , Li Bing , Tang Songchao , Liu Yu , Chen Shengfu , Liu Runhui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe functions of implants like medical devices are often compromised by the host's foreign‐body response (FBR). Herein, we report the development of low‐FBR materials inspired by serine‐rich sericin from silk. Poly‐β‐homoserine (β‐HS) materials consist of the hydrophilic unnatural amino acid β‐homoserine. Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of β‐HS resist adsorption by diverse proteins, as well as adhesion by cells, platelets, and diverse microbes. Experiments lasting up to 3 months revealed that, while implantation with control PEG hydrogels induced obvious inflammatory responses, collagen encapsulation, and macrophage accumulation, these responses were minimal with β‐HS hydrogels. Strikingly, the β‐HS hydrogels induce angiogenesis in implant‐adjacent tissues. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the low FBR performance of β‐HS results from what we term “dual hydrogen bonding hydration”, wherein both the backbone amide groups and the sidechain hydroxyl groups of β‐HS undergo hydration.
Quantifying Protein–Protein Interactions by Molecular Counting with Mass Photometry
Authors: Soltermann Fabian , Foley Eric D. B. , Pagnoni Veronica , Galpin Martin , Benesch Justin L. P. , Kukura Philipp , Struwe Weston B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInteractions between biomolecules control the processes of life in health and their malfunction in disease, making their characterization and quantification essential. Immobilization‐ and label‐free analytical techniques are desirable because of their simplicity and minimal invasiveness, but they struggle with quantifying tight interactions. Here, we show that mass photometry can accurately count, distinguish by molecular mass, and thereby reveal the relative abundances of different unlabelled biomolecules and their complexes in mixtures at the single‐molecule level. These measurements determine binding affinities over four orders of magnitude at equilibrium for both simple and complex stoichiometries within minutes, as well as the associated kinetics. These results introduce mass photometry as a rapid, simple and label‐free method for studying sub‐micromolar binding affinities, with potential for extension towards a universal approach for characterizing complex biomolecular interactions.
Designer Receptors for Nucleotide‐Resolution Analysis of Genomic 5‐Methylcytosine by Cellular Imaging
Authors: Muñoz‐López Álvaro , Buchmuller Benjamin , Wolffgramm Jan , Jung Anne , Hussong Michelle , Kanne Julian , Schweiger Michal R. , Summerer Daniel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe report programmable receptors for the imaging‐based analysis of 5‐methylcytosine (5mC) in user‐defined DNA sequences of single cells. Using fluorescent transcription‐activator‐like effectors (TALEs) that can recognize sequences of canonical and epigenetic nucleobases through selective repeats, we imaged cellular SATIII DNA, the origin of nuclear stress bodies (nSB). We achieve high nucleobase selectivity of natural repeats in imaging and demonstrate universal nucleobase binding by an engineered repeat. We use TALE pairs differing in only one such repeat in co‐stains to detect 5mC in SATIII sequences with nucleotide resolution independently of differences in target accessibility. Further, we directly correlate the presence of heat shock factor 1 with 5mC at its recognition sequence, revealing a potential function of 5mC in its recruitment as initial step of nSB formation. This opens a new avenue for studying 5mC functions in chromatin regulation in situ with nucleotide, locus, and cell resolution.
Strukturelle Diversifizierung von Pillar[n]aren‐Makrocyclen
Authors: Xu Xiaowen , Jerca Valentin Victor , Hoogenboom Richard 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTrotz der Tatsache, dass Pillar[n]arene als Bausteine für die supramolekulare Chemie und fortschrittliche Materialien von großem Interesse sind, beschränkt sich ihre Funktionalisierung im Allgemeinen auf die Modifizierung der an den Rändern vorhandenen Hydroxy‐ oder Alkoxy‐Einheiten. Diese begrenzte strukturelle Freiheit schränkt die weitere Entwicklung ein und wurde erst kürzlich überwunden. In diesem Highlight diskutieren wir drei aktuelle Studien, die eine weitergehende strukturelle Diversifizierung von Pillar[n]arenen durch die partielle Entfernung der Alkoxysubstituenten an den Rändern aufzeigen. Die Produkte können als die nächste Generation von Pillar[n]arenen aufgefasst werden.
Perdeuterated Conjugated Polymers for Ultralow‐Frequency Magnetic Resonance of OLEDs
Authors: Milster Sebastian , Grünbaum Tobias , Bange Sebastian , Kurrmann Simon , Kraus Hermann , Stoltzfus Dani M. , Leung Anna E. , Darwish Tamim A. , Burn Paul L. , Boehme Christoph , Lupton John M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe formation of excitons in OLEDs is spin dependent and can be controlled by electron‐paramagnetic resonance, affecting device resistance and electroluminescence yield. We explore electrically detected magnetic resonance in the regime of very low magnetic fields (<1 mT). A pronounced feature emerges at zero field in addition to the conventional spin‐
Zeeman resonance for which the Larmor frequency matches that of the incident radiation. By comparing a conventional π‐conjugated polymer as the active material to a perdeuterated analogue, we demonstrate the interplay between the zero‐field feature and local hyperfine fields. The zero‐field peak results from a quasistatic magnetic‐field effect of the RF radiation for periods comparable to the carrier‐pair lifetime. Zeeman resonances are resolved down to 3.2 MHz, approximately twice the Larmor frequency of an electron in Earth's field. However, since reducing hyperfine fields sharpens the Zeeman peak at the cost of an increased zero‐field peak, we suggest that this result may constitute a fundamental low‐field limit of magnetic resonance in carrier‐pair‐based systems. OLEDs offer an alternative solid‐state platform to investigate the radical‐pair mechanism of magnetic‐field effects in photochemical reactions, allowing models of biological magnetoreception to be tested by measuring spin decoherence directly in the time domain by pulsed experiments.