bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature Structure of the Pipe Nebula Studied by the Intensity Anomaly of the OH 18 cm Transition
Authors: Ebisawa Yuji , Sakai Nami , Menten Karl M. , Oya Yoko , Yamamoto Satoshi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present observations of the four hyperfine structure components of the OH 18 cm transition (1612, 1665, 1667, and 1720 MHz) toward a filamentary dark cloud, the Pipe nebula, with the Green Bank Telescope. A statistical equilibrium analysis is applied to the spectra, and the kinetic temperature of a diffuse molecular gas surrounding dense cores is determined accurately; the derived temperature ranges from 40 to 75 K. From this result, we assess the heating effect on the filamentary structure of the nebula’s “stem” region due to UV photons from a nearby star θ-Ophiuchi and a possible filament–filament collision in the interface of the “stem” and “bowl” regions. In the stem region, the gas kinetic temperature is found to be almost independent of the apparent distance from θ-Ophiuchi: the UV-heating effect by the star is not visible. On the other hand, the gas kinetic temperature is raised, as high as ∼75 K, at the interface of the two filamentary structures. This result provides us with additional support for the filament–filament collision scenario in the Pipe nebula.
NICER View of the 2020 Burst Storm and Persistent Emission of SGR 1935+2154
Authors: Younes George , Güver Tolga , Kouveliotou Chryssa , Baring Matthew G. , Hu Chin-Ping , Wadiasingh Zorawar , Begiçarslan Beste , Enoto Teruaki , Göğüş Ersin , Lin Lin , Harding Alice K. , van der Horst Alexander J. , Majid Walid A. , Guillot Sebastien , Malacaria Christian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We report on NICER observations of the magnetar SGR 1935+2154, covering its 2020 burst storm and long-term persistent emission evolution up to ∼90 days postoutburst. During the first 1120 s taken on April 28 00:40:58 UTC, we detect over 217 bursts, corresponding to a burst rate of >0.2 bursts s−1. Three hours later, the rate was 0.008 bursts s−1, remaining at a comparatively low level thereafter. The T
90 burst duration distribution peaks at 840 ms; the distribution of waiting times to the next burst is fit with a lognormal with an average of 2.1 s. The 1–10 keV burst spectra are well fit by a blackbody, with an average temperature and area of kT = 1.7 keV and R
2 = 53 km2. The differential burst fluence distribution over ∼3 orders of magnitude is well modeled with a power-law form dN/dF ∝ F
−1.5±0.1. The source persistent emission pulse profile is double-peaked hours after the burst storm. We find that the burst peak arrival times follow a uniform distribution in pulse phase, though the fast radio burst associated with the source aligns in phase with the brighter peak. We measure the source spin-down from heavy-cadence observations covering days 21–39 postoutburst,

Hz s−1, a factor of 2.7 larger than the value measured after the 2014 outburst. Finally, the persistent emission flux and blackbody temperature decrease rapidly in the early stages of the outburst, reaching quiescence 40 days later, while the size of the emitting area remains unchanged.
DNA barcodes for Aotearoa New Zealand Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Wöger Renate , Wöger Roland , Nuss Matthias 
Published: November 2020

Identification of pyraloid species is often hampered by highly similar external morphology requiring microscopic dissection of genitalia. This becomes especially obvious when mass samples from ecological studies or insect monitoring have to be analysed. DNA barcode sequences could accelerate identification, but are not available for most pyraloid species from New Zealand. Hence, we are presenting a first DNA-barcode library for this group, providing 440 COI barcodes (cytochrome C oxidase I sequences) for 73 morphologically-identified species, which is 29% of Pyraloidea known from New Zealand. Results are analysed using the Barcode Index Number system (BIN) of BOLD and the Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery method (ABGD).Using BIN, the 440 barcodes reveal 82 clusters. A perfect match between BIN assignment and morphological identification was found for 63 species (86.3%). Four species (5.5%) share BINs, each with two species in one BIN, of whichGlaucocharis epiphaeaandGlaucocharis harmonicaeven share the same barcode. In contrast, six species (8.2%) split into two or more BINs, with the highest number of five BINs forOrocrambus ramosellus. The interspecific variation of all collected specimens of New Zealand Pyraloidea averages 12.54%. There are deep intraspecific divergences (&gt; 2%) in seven species, for instanceOrocrambus vulgariswith up to 6.6% andScoparia ustimaculawith 5.5%.Using ABGD, the 440 barcodes reveal 71 or 88 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), depending on the preferred partition. A perfect match between OTU and morphological identification was found for 56 species (76.7%) or 62 species (84.9%). ABGD delivers four or seven species sharing OTUs and four or ten species split into more than one OTU.Morphological re-examination, as well as the analysis of a concatenated dataset of COI and the nuclear markers EF1α and GADPH for species split into more than one BIN or OTU, do not support a higher number of species. Likewise, there is no evidence forWolbachiainfection as a trigger for these sequence variations.
Study on the influence of technological factors on drug loading of poorly water-soluble drug on MCM-41 mesoporous carrier
Authors: Popova Teodora , Voycheva Christina , Tzankov Borislav 
Published: November 2020

The present study explored solvent impregnation drug loading process of the poorly soluble non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin on MCM-41 type mesoporous silica carrier. Different technological factors that can influence drug-loading process as time of reaction, temperature, use of non-solvent as well as different ratios between drug and MCM-41 were studied. TEM and DLS were used to characterize physicochemical properties of obtained particles. The influence of drug-loading rate on dissolution process were studied using in-vitro release tests. Our results established that changes in explored technological factors could lead to different indomethacin loading. Moreover, the in-vitro release tests proved that drug loading rate had a direct influence on indomethacin release from MCM-41 particles.
Our finding suggested that by tuning the main technological factors it would be possible different drug delivery systems with different drug loading rate to be obtained.
Evaluation for the level of knowledge about herbal medicine use within people and university students in Mutah region
Authors: Al-Nadaf Afaf H. , Awadallah Areeg 
Published: November 2020

Background: Conventional medication; traditional or folk medicine as well as herbal medicines; have been widely used since ancient times. In Jordan traditional medicines are freely available and self-prescribed as well. No previous study has investigated believes and knowledge with regards to herb-drug interaction in Mutah geographical in Jordan.
Objectives: This study aims to investigate and evaluate knowledge and attitude about self-medication using herbal medicine and its drug interaction among the public in Mutah.
Materials and methods: A questionnaire-based survey conducted. Survey took place in different locations in the Mutah region in Al-Karak city from Jordan, during December 2017 and January 2018. Data analyzed by SPSS.
Results: The majority of responders (82%) use self-prepared herbal preparation. While (56%) go for self-medication rather than visiting a physician. About (63%) participants responded that physicians didn’t ask them about if they use any herbal medication and about (50%) not willing to tell their physician about their self-medication. Knowledge about herbs gained from the family in the first place (38%); TV (21%) and friends (15%). Almost (79%) responders agree that herbs are safer and easier to be used compared to physician-prescribed medicine.
Conclusion: A high belief in herbal therapy use. Responders gain their knowledge primarily from their families which they obtain their knowledge primarily from their tradition. They are not aware of their interaction with other therapies. Care-givers in this region should be aware of the high percentage of herbal medicine use and are encouraged to discuss potential use with their patients to avoid future complications.
Research and development in robotics with potential to automate handling of biological collections
Authors: Hardy Helen , van Walsum Myriam , Livermore Laurence , Walton Stephanie 
Published: November 2020

This report investigates the current state of physical (mechanical) robotics, automated warehousing approaches and assistive technologies in relation to the storage, handling and processing (particularly digitisation) of natural history collections.
Robotics can sound futuristic, however we provide case studies that show many and growing examples of physical automation in the natural history and cultural heritage sectors, including barcodes and conveyor belts for digitisation; robots that handle multiple vials for molecular and genetic work; robots for use in in display or exhibition contexts; and automated warehousing of library collections. We provide a non-exhaustive example of an end to end workflow of storage, retrieval and processing and discuss aspects of the tools and challenges relevant to these stages. The Distributed System of Scientific Collections (DiSSCo), a new Research Infrastructure for natural science collections, should build on this, leading a future programme of pilots that develop understanding of independent stages, and can be connected to make progress towards end-to-end solutions.
Robots, or automated systems, excel at repetitive tasks, and are developing rapidly to be able to handle more complex object types, at lower cost. High volume, high variety of objects, and considerations such as fragility are not unique to the natural history sector - they apply for example to major retail operations - however natural history collections do offer some of the more extreme examples of these challenges, and in particular are not replaceable. Increased consistency of storage units is likely to be a critical factor in enabling automated handling in future, as well as looking at automation possibilities when new collections storage spaces are developed and built. Engagement with industry and subject matter experts has been patchy and again we recommend that DiSSCo help to ensure a joined up engagement with the right incentives in place, and with clear communication of requirements and challenges for shared R&amp;D.
When examining return on investment for particular automation, collections-holding institutions need to consider not only time and cost of automation compared to human labour, but wider factors including: health and safety such as physical environment and repetitve strain injury; security; quality and consistency of outputs; degree of criticality in response times (e.g. if digitising on demand); effective use of spaces; and freeing up staff to conduct other tasks.
Purely software-based automation is outside the scope of this report, but is also in increasing use and has enormous potential, for example to transform the extraction of label and specimen data at scale from images. The challenges of managing and digitising collections at scale under DiSSCo are likely to require a combination of hardware and software automation approaches.
Précarité énergétique et aide sociale en Région de Bruxelles-Capitale
Authors: Baudaux Anne , Bartiaux Françoise 
Published: November 2020

Cette contribution ethnographique porte sur la précarité énergétique et les politiques d’aide dans la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale. Les données produites entre 2014 et 2017 consistent en observations de terrain et entretiens approfondis avec des personnes en précarité énergétique. Notre enquête montre que les pratiques et les émotions négatives de ces personnes doivent se comprendre en les contextualisant par la pénurie de logements modestes en Région bruxelloise et l’état médiocre du parc immobilier. Ce contexte est peu pris en compte par les aides publiques qui insistent au contraire sur les dispositifs techniques à installer dans le logement et sur les changements de comportements individuels des occupants. Ces différences de perspective et ces pratiques d’aide bureaucratiques parfois stigmatisantes ou infantilisantes contribuent à expliquer un recours limité aux aides destinées à combattre la précarité énergétique.
The Revenge of the Man of God
Authors: Ackerman David 
Published: November 2020

Most scholars recognize literary problems in the two stories about the man of God found in 1 Kings 13. The older school of literary criticism has asked what redactional layers might be present, whether a prophetic source or redaction stands behind this story or a prophetic legend has been transformed by the Deuteronomist. Newer literary approaches show that the episodes involving the man of God play vital roles in the development of the larger plot of the downfall of the northern kingdom of Israel with Jeroboam and the rise of the southern kingdom with Josiah. The unnamed man of God becomes symbolic of the obedience and disobedience of the monarchy.
The story of the man of God in 1 Kings 13 has been carefully crafted into a two-sided plot. One scene is positive, the other negative. Conflict in this plot between the word of Yahweh spoken through the man of God and the altar at Bethel is not resolved until 2 Kings 23. The surface conflicts between the human characters become symbolic of the deeper conflict between Yahweh and other gods. The theme of obedience or disobedience to the divine word emerges from this deeper plot.
Ketetapan Tentang Sabat Bagi Umat Israel dalam 10 Hukum Tuhan dan Relevansinya Bagi Orang Percaya Masa Kini
Authors: Anik Kristiana 
Published: November 2020

Pada saat mendengar kata sabat, kecenderungan banyak orang langsung mengaitkannya dengan istirahat, atau kebiasaan gereja Advent beribadah di hari Sabtu bahkan dengan salah satu hukum dalam 10 hukum yang terdapat dalam Keluaran pasal 20, meskipun sebenarnya pengertian sabat lebih luas dari semua hal tersebut. Pembicaraan tentang sabat juga merupakan topik yang sangat menarik, apalagi jika dikaitkan dengan polemik yang berkembang dalam masyarakat berkenaan dengannya. Bukan hanya pengertian istirahat yang muncul dalam pemikiran banyak orang ketika mendengar kata sabat, tetapi juga kudus. Sabat hampir selalu dikaitkan dengan hal menguduskan atau kudus
Pertanyaan mendasar yang penting untuk direnungkan adalah, untuk apa Tuhan memberi ketetapan tentang Sabat kepada umat-Nya? Jika memperhatikan Keluaran 20:8-11 dapat disimpulkan bahwa penetapan Sabat mengingatkan bahwa TUHAN adalah Sang Pencipta. Sedangkan jika memperhatikan Imamat 23:4-44, nyatalah bahwa penetapan Sabat dimaksudkan agar umat Israel dapat mengakui bahwa TUHAN adalah pemberi nafkah dan pemelihara. Ketetapan tentang Sabat adalah perintah dan ketetapan Allah yang diberikan Allah bagi umat-Nya. Segala sesuatu yang ditetapkan oleh Allah itu baik adanya dan berguna bagi umat-Nya. Demikian juga dengan ketetapan atau peraturan tentang Sabat. Ketetapan Sabat mengajar supaya umat Tuhan menghormati Allah dan memiliki waktu khusus untuk beribadah dan menyembah Dia. Tuhan adalah pencipta yang mahakuasa dan berdaulat atas segala ciptaan-Nya. Sabat juga mengajar tentang kepedulian. Selain peduli terhadap waktu khusus untuk beribadah kepada Allah, umat Tuhan juga harus peduli dengan sesama. Umat Tuhan saat ini melakukan ketaatan terhadap ketetapan Sabat dengan memberi waktu khusus untuk beribadah. Bukan dengan cara yang kaku dan terkesan legalistik. Kasih terhadap sesama juga perlu mendapat pertimbangan utama.
The Key Element of Modeling Instruction’s Learning Cycle in 21th Century Skills Learning Process
Authors: Imam Wicaksono  
Published: November 2020

This research aim to know:1)implementation of modeling instruction in student’s critical thinking, collaboration, creativity and innovation, and communication skill’s training; 2)Modeling instruction’s key element in 21 century skills training. This research uses previous research data in student’s collaboration and communication profile. Data for Critical thinking and creativity and innovation uses learning implementation’s material in previous research and other reference. Subject research is 7th grade student in 2018/2019 year periode. Data analysed in quantitative methode. Modeling instruction is integrated in 2 different learning model, inquiry and STEM. Student’s skill in collaboration and communication change in different quantity of student’s criteria. Student’s proportion in “below standart” criteria is same, in “approaching standart” criteria, student in inquiry have less proportion than in STEM, but in “qualified standart” criteria inquiry have more proportion than STEM. In critical thinking and creativity and innovation, both learning model contain activity to train this skills. STEM have more proportion than inquiry, hinger complexity and more modeling instruction’s learning cycle. Research conclution are:1)Modeling instruction can implemented in student’s critical thinking, collaboration, creativity and innovation and communication training; 2)Modeling instruction’s key element in 21st Century Skills training is flexibility, compability , and repeatable and continuity of the learning cycle.
VIDEO REFERENSI SEBAGAI SOLUSI PEMBELAJARAN ANIMASI 3D DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Daniati Nina Tri 
Published: November 2020

Peningkatan jumlah kasus positif di Indonesia akibat wabah Virus Corona Disease 2019 (Covid-19) membuat pemerintah menerapkan social distancing atau menjaga jarak interaksi sosial untuk mencegah dan meminimalisir penyebaran virus ini. Dalam bidang pendidikan, salah satu solusi yang ditawarkan adalah melakukan pembelajaran secara digital atau daring yang berbasis IT. Namun di SMK Negeri 3 Kasihan Bantul khususnya di kelas XI Program Studi Animasi, masih banyak terdapat siswa yang kesulitan dalam membuat gerakan animasi yang realistik. Ditengah kondisi pandemi covid-19 ini sangat sulit bagi siswa untuk belajar gerak animasi tanpa bimbingan dari guru. Oleh sebab itu untuk siswa yang masih dalam tahapan belajar ini, untuk menghasilkan gerak Animasi 3D yang memiliki kesan realistik membutuhkan media belajar yang dapat digunakan sebagai referensi. Salah satu referensi yang dapat digunakan sebagai media belajar adalah berupa rekaman video. Pembelajaran dengan cara ini meliputi 8 langkah, yakni: (a) Membuat perangkat pembelajaran; (b) Menyampaikan kegiatan pembelajaran; (c) Membuat video referensi secara mandiri; (d) Guru mengevaluasi hasil shoot video referensi; (e) Menggunakan video sebagai referensi dalam membuat gerak animasi; (f) Siswa me-render hasil karyanya; (g) Siswa mempresentasikan hasil karyanya; (h) Guru mereview hasil karya siswa. Hasil penerapan video referensi sebagai solusi pembelajaran animasi di tengah pandemi covid-19 sebagai berikut: (a) Hasil karya siswa yang berupa gerakan animasi bouncing ball menjadi lebih realistik dan mendekati gerak objek sesungguhnya; (b) Siswa mampu menyerap materi pembelajaran dengan baik meskipun tanpa pembelajaran dengan tatap muka secara langsung dengan guru.
PENINGKATAN KREATIFITAS DAN INISIATIF GURU MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DARING PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Suciati Suciati 
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui model pembelajaran daring dalam meningkatkan kreatifitas dan inisiatif guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran di rumah di SD Bungkus. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu penelitian tindakan sekolah (PTS) dengan menggunakan model dari Elliot. Penelitian diadakan di SD Bungkus Kretek, Bantul pada tahun pelajaran 2019/2020 di masa pandemi Covid 19. Subjek penelitian adalah guru kelas 1, 2, 3, 4, dan guru kelas 5. Obyek penelitian adalah pembelajaran di rumah melalui pembelajaran daring/online dimasa pademi covid-19. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan dokumentasi serta dianalisi secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran daring dapat mengatasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran di masa pademi covid 19 melalui kreatifitas dan inisiatif guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran di rumah. Kreatifitas dan inisiatif guru mengalami peningkatan dalam pembuatan RPP sebesar 18%, pengelolaan pembelajaran daring sebesar 12%, keaktifan siswa sebesar 17% dan nilai belajar siswa sebesar 9,6% dari siklus I ke siklus II dalam pembelajaran. Setelah ada tindakan kompetensi guru secara aktif, kreatif dan inisiatif dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran dirumah, pembelajaran dapat berjalan dengan lancar dalam mengahadapi wabah pandemi covid 19.
MEMBANGUN GENERASI EMAS DENGAN VARIASI PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Pujiasih Erna 
Published: November 2020

Pendidikan merupakan dasar dari kemajuan pembangunan bangsa. Siswa sebagai generasi emas dipersiapkan untuk masa depan. Guru merupakan kunci utama keberhasilan untuk menghasilkan generasi emas Indonesia tahun 2045 yang bermutu dan berkualitas. Negara menghadapi wabah yang sedang terjadi yaitu pandemi COVID-19. Karena situasi demikian maka pemerintah menerapkan pembelajaran secara online dimana siswa belajar di rumah untuk menghindari terpaparnya COVID-19. Tujuan tulisan ini untuk memberikan inspirasi guru dalam menerapkan model pembelajaran online agar siswa tetap mendapatkan pendidikan yang berkualitas. Untuk mengaplikasikannya maka diperlukan pembelajaran yang bervariasi agar siswa bersemangat dalam belajar. Pembelajaran online tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan cara virtual, berkelompok untuk berdiskusi, pemberian materi dalam bentuk video, rekaman, powerpoint, modul, lembar belajar, permainan dengan game quizizz dan penilaian secara online. Berdasarkan data kuesioner 322 siswa diperoleh kelebihan dan kekurangan pembelajaran online ini dimana siswa yang senang belajar online di rumah 45% dan siswa yang tidak senang 55%. Kelebihan pembelajaran ini siswa lebih efektif dalam belajar, tidak lelah, menyenangkan, pengalaman baru dan kelemahannya adalah koneksi internet yang kurang baik, siswa kurang paham dengan materi, siswa merasa lelah, siswa tidak bisa berdiskusi dengan teman. Berdasar dari masalah tersebut maka pembelajaran online yang menarik dan bervariasi akan memberikan manfaat bagi generasi emas dalam belajar.
Three decades of tropospheric ozone lidar development at Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Authors: Trickl Thomas , Giehl Helmuth , Neidl Frank , Perfahl Matthias , Vogelmann Hannes 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Since 1988 two ozone lidar systems have been developed at IMK-IFU
(Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany). A stationary system, operated at the
institute, has yielded about 5000 vertical profiles of ozone from next to
the ground to typically 3 km above the tropopause and has contributed data
for a large number of scientific investigations. A mobile system was
successfully operated in a number of field campaigns after its completion in
1996, before it was destroyed in major flooding in May 1999. Both systems
combine high data quality with high vertical resolution dynamically varied
between 50 m in the lower troposphere and 250–500 m below the tropopause
(stationary system). The stationary system has been gradually upgraded over
the years. The noise level of the raw data has reached about
±1×10-6 of the input range of the transient digitizers
after minor smoothing. As a consequence, uncertainties in the ozone mixing
ratios of 1.5 to 4 ppb have been achieved up to about 5 km. The performance
in the upper troposphere, based on the wavelength pair 292–313 nm, varies
between 5 and 15 ppb depending on the absorption of the 292 nm radiation by
ozone and the solar background. In summer it is therefore planned to
extend the measurement time from 41 s to a few minutes in order to improve
the performance to a level that will allow us to trust automatic data
evaluation. As a result of the time needed for manual refinement the number of measurements per year has been restricted to under 600. For longer time
series automatic data acquisition has been used.