bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combust-o-Acoustics: Energy Transition and Implications
Authors: Mudholkar Aarohi Anmol , Hussain Mohammed Shazaan , Ramanan Vikram , Malhotra Vinayak 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Acoustics is an integral constituent of most of combustion processes. While combustion advancements have revolutionized human life, acoustics induced combustion also represents a dominant form of instability. Thermo-acoustics, as an intense area of scientific research, covers a wide range of applications viz., industrial (electricity generation), transportation (jet and space propulsion), engineering (system efficiency and operations) and scientific research. The presence of such inept working systems with instability is likely to result in significant loss of resources, infrastructure, property, mankind, nature, with huge amount of money being spent on research activities. Appreciable work has been done before however; the heterogeneous nature of the problem has prevented comprehensive understanding. Thus, the need to investigate and characterize the acoustics imbibed combustion processes to suggest better combustion alternatives/enhance effectiveness and to minimize the resultant hazards. Present work, attempts to resolve the low effectiveness of combustion systems by classification of thermal acoustics and related major hazards. A simple experimental setup was upraised comprising of butane cylinder with nozzle and systematic experimentation was carried out to explore the phenomenon of energy transition in combustion with acoustics. The exploration was carried out for varying fuel mass flow rates, L/D ratios, material of tubes, interspace distance and counter acoustics impingement. The results were observed with acoustics measurement, along with type and structure of flames. The work is primarily motivated by the need to have technologically enhanced combustion understanding and for fire safety applications. The results exhibit that presence of external enclosures have significant effect on thermoacoustics and with coupled redundancy effect, a special pattern noted was both the controlling parameters results in reduction in maximum acoustics rise and increase in maximum drop levels this contributing significantly to enhancement of system efficiency. The results can be of pertinent significance for the testing, validation of conventional systems and designing of the efficient and safer futuristic propulsive systems.
Numerical investigation of flow field over four in-line circular cylinders for different spacing ratio
Authors: Reddy D S K , Iyer R , Luthra K , Rana A , Kumar P 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to study the effect of spacing ratio on the wake dynamics in an inline arrangement of four cylinders. Different spacing ratios, defined as ratio of distance between center of two cylinders and diameter of cylinder, are considered while. Reynolds number (Re) kept constant. At the chosen Re, far wake is expected to transition to turbulence, and hence κ-ω SST turbulence model is used for turbulence closure. The flow field and associated surface properties such as drag and lift force are strong function of spacing ratio. In the numerical solutions it is observed that, two counter rotating vortices are formed in the gap between the cylinders. These two vortices found to move towards downstream as the spacing ratio is increased. Also, the size of the vortices found increased. The two counter rotating vortices appears symmetric near cylinders, and hence lift coefficient observed to be very low for the first three cylinders. Lift coefficient observed on fourth cylinder found to one order of magnitude higher. The drag coefficient for all cylinders found to be positive except for the second cylinder which has negative drag for all spacing ratios.
Investigation on NOx control in SI Engine Assisted with Hot and Cold EGR
Authors: Akash R , Hariharan C G , Suriya Dharshan S M , Balaji G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we have conducted a study in a 2.2 kW variable speed SI engine coupled with electrical loading, whose main objective is to reduce the NOx emissions coming out of the engine. To achieve this outcome, we have opted for the EGR technique. We have opted for this technique because firstly it is a proven technique that has been successfully implemented in CI engine and secondly as it reduces the peak engine temperature leading to increased engine life. EGR is implemented by using EGR manifold which replaces the regular intake manifold. Also, a flow control valve is used to control the percentage flow of exhaust gases. From this study, we can conclude Cold EGR is effective in reducing NOx but lowers the efficiency. Additionally, a reduction in CO2 percentage is also observed at the cost of the increase in HC.
Numerical study on fin and tube heat exchanger by using elliptical tube-vortex generator
Authors: Sudharsan M , Kathir Kaman M D , Cheralathan M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A three dimensional computational study of the thermo-hydraulic characteristic of the fin-tube heat-exchanger with the upward rectangular winglets vortex and the elliptical tube of various elliptical ratios are analyzed in the study. The ratios are b/a=1.0, b/a=0.333 and b/a=0.307. The numerical studies is performed with the Reynolds no (Re,) within the range of 500-3000.The temperature contour and streamline patterns were presented to explain the reason for the pressure drop and heat transfer and to analyze the flow in different arrangement. It is demonstrated that the upward rectangular winglets vortex and the elliptical tube design in case of lesser pressure loss and less separate flow which is preferred in the heat-exchanger application in order to save energy.
A Review on Solar Tracking Methods
Authors: Nithin Kumar D V , Stalin John M R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the World, perhaps the most significant issue as far as people understood, non-renewable sources would be extinguished. Apart from that, non-renewable energy sources are one of the critical factors for pollution, global warming. To address such issues, it is vital to shift to sustainable power sources, for example - sunlight, wind, etc. are essential in the present century. To examine the available solar tracking methods and algorithm, which have better accuracy and high output power efficiency. Multiple databases were searched for English literature and limiting to last ten years. The keywords selected for the search were a combination of the solar tracking algorithm, PLC, maximum power point tracking system, and solar tracking. The search results suggested that research on solar tracking is required to increase the generation of electricity. Many International research institutions conducted research related to solar tracking systems and tracking algorithms. The solar tracking is done, by utilizing mechanical sensors to maintain the PV module perpendicular to the sun’s irradiation. Proficient solar tracking methods are investigated by directing various analyses. The usage of renewable energy sources is lacking. Also, by designing an optimized solar tracking system for the generation of better output power is recommended.
Numerical investigation of flow field over four cylinders in square arrangement for different spacing ratios
Authors: Goutam P. , Siva Krishna Reddy D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to study the effect of spacing ratio on the wake dynamics in an in-line square array of four cylinders. Two dimensional incompressible CFD simulations are done with commercial CFD software Ansys-Fluent. Diameter of cylinder is 0.01 m, and the four cylinders have identical diameter. The spacing ratios considered are 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0, where spacing ratio is defined as ratio of distance between center of two cylinders and diameter of cylinder. Simulations are performed at a Reynolds number (Re) of 200. Water is considered as fluid medium, and velocity of water corresponding to Re of 200 is 0.0178 m/s. SIMPLE algorithm is used to solve incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, and second order accuracy is used for spatial discretization. At the chosen Re, far wake is expected to transition to turbulence, and hence κ-ω SST turbulence model is used for turbulence closure. The flow field and associated surface properties such as drag and lift force are strong function of spacing ratio. The impingement of shear layers of upstream cylinders onto to the downstream cylinders is strongly influenced by spacing ratio. The impingement and resulting flow interaction leads to asymmetry in the surface pressure distribution. This leads to generation of lift force on the cylinders. For spacing ratio of 1.5 and 2.0, the top row cylinders have positive lift coefficient, and bottom row cylinders have negative lift coefficient. For spacing ratio of 2.5 upstream cylinders have positive lift coefficient, and downstream cylinders have negative lift coefficient. All four cylinders have positive lift coefficient for spacing ratio of 3.0. Drag coefficient found to be positive for all cylinders and for all spacing ratios.
Design of integratedsinglestagephotovoltaic solar inverter(stand-alone)
Authors: Nanda Souvik , Sudhakar P 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The extremely high demand for energy and increased demand for fossil fuels has led us to shift our concentration towards new and renewable sources of energy, which are seemingly unlimited sources. They are zero-carbon emitting, thus eco-friendly for the environment. Several issues have been addressed before regarding different topologies for standalone and grid connected inverters with and without microcontroller circuits. Some of them have addressed the introduction of multilevel inverter input using buck boost converters for improving the efficiencies of the output circuit. This paper enlightens the design of single stage photovoltaic inverter which is needed to run AC appliances as loads, which are mostly used as consumable purposes. The design implements MOSFETs as switching devices, which have considerably high switching frequency of 40 KHz, power diodes, inductors, capacitors, solar panel and a battery. The proposed inverter converts the DC output of the PV module into AC directly while maintaining the stability in the output voltage. PSIM software has been used for inverter design. The improved efficiency resulting in 75-90% is due to the minimized voltage drop over the inductor. High frequency operation of the MOSFET switch enables minimized switching losses.
Assessment of Turbulence Models on a Backward Facing Step Flow Using OpenFOAM®
Authors: Singh Anugya , Aravind S , Srinadhi K , Kannan B T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Studies on turbulent inlet flows have a wide variety of applications, Backward Facing Step (BFS) facilitates this study. The phenomena of flow separation occur due to an abrupt change in geometry, causing the creation of a re-circulation zone and a flow reattachment point. The present numerical study focuses on the assessment of different turbulence models. The flow velocity is in the turbulent region characterized by the Re=7000. Steady State Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations are solved along with various turbulence models using OpenFOAM® which is an open-source Computational Continuum Mechanics toolbox for conducting numerical simulations. The simulated data is processed using Paraview and the assessment of the turbulence models is performed via quantitative (reattachment length) and qualitative (Line Integral Convolution visualizations) methods.
Numerical study of thermal performance with nanoparticles and grooves in Microchannel
Authors: Mishra Ayush , Varakhedkar Amit , Mantripragada Vishnu Teja , Kumar Pankaj 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics for a laminar flow in a two-dimensional grooved microchannel has been numerically investigated. A suitable range of parameters such as Reynolds numbers, volume fraction, and groove offset are studied. The characteristics are investigated for various offsets in the grooved microchannel. The results specify an increase in heat transfer performance with increase in volume fraction, Reynolds number, and offset between upper and lower grooves. The offset 1 (δx=1) is found to be the most efficient groove arrangement with a high Nusselt number maintaining the least pressure drop coefficient.
Heat transfer enhancement with titanium nitride nanofluid in a shell and tube heat exchanger
Authors: Arulkumar S , Mathanraj V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The heat transfer enhancement in shell and tube heat exchanger can be done by adding Nano particles to the base fluid. The heat transfer rate between hot and cold fluid shows increasing sign with low to high mass flow rate.. Mass flow rate can be controlled and monitored with the help of valve fixed to the shell inlet. Comparing volume concentration of Titanium Nitride from low to high heat enhancement lies linearity. As volume concentration rises in base fluid affect the viscosity of exchange fluid in turn friction of contact fluid increases. Increased mass flow rate and heat transfer helps to find efficiency. The result shows for the controlled same flow rate with common inlet temperature transfer rate of nano fluid is slightly higher with water. Efficiency increase for about 7.47% for water to nanofluid. The effectiveness increase for about 36.6% for water to nanofluid. The LMTD increased for about of 33.6°C and heat transfer rate increases for about 0.4879 kW for three concentrations at one flow rate. Rising the mass flow rate of nano fluid inference in increasing heat transfer.
Comparison of freezing characteristics of phasechange material in metallic and low density polyethylene spherical capsules
Authors: Premnath D. , Balaji Srivaths , Mathew Juswen , Joseph Rahul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the material of the spherical capsule on the solidification characteristics of deionized water as the phase change material(PCM) filled with 90% of its fill volume. The experiment was performed with two same sized balls measuring 86mm diameter made of LDPE(Low density polyethylene) and Stainless Steel kept at distinct bath temperatures(-6,-9 and -12°C). It was noticed that the material of the spherical capsule had an influence on the solidification characteristics of the PCM. The Stainless Steel capsule froze significantly faster than the LDPE capsule for all the mass fractions. This effect was prominent in the lower mass fraction of 50%. It was also inferred that the percentage by which the Stainless Steel capsule froze faster than the LDPE capsule escalated by 32.63%, 40.90% and 43.18% at higher potential temperatures for 50% mass fraction.
Comparison of lamellar nanostructured cubical and spherical statistical volume elements in terms of crystallographic texture and deformation behaviour
Authors: Dodla Srihari 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study presents the numerical homogenization of spherical and cubical statistical volume element (SVE). Numerical homogenization with periodic boundary conditions for spherical and cubical SVEs has been employed. The lamellar structure of eutectic Copper (Cu)-Silver (Ag) has been focused for the investigation of deformation behaviour and texture evolution. The initial texture for cold-drawn eutectic Cu-Ag composite has been approximated by a set of 200 discrete orientations. The comparison of deformation behaviour and the crystallographic texture has been investigated for two different SVEs. It is demonstrated that the SVEs with cubical shape induce an anisotropy when compared with the spherical SVEs. The numerical results for cubical and spherical SVEs in terms of deformation behaviour and crystallographic texture are in good agreement with the experimental observations.
Effect of fibre alignment on mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Kamaraj M , Vishnu Vardhan V , Charan K S , Lalith Lochan M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The effect of alignment of natural fibres on the mechanical behavior of flax and jute fibre / epoxy composites was investigated in the present work. The epoxy composites were prepared using the compression moulding technique. To explore the variation in composite laminate properties, three composite laminates were prepared based on the fibre-orientation angle. The composite laminates produced having undergone mechanical characterization such as tensile, flexural and water absorption analysis. The test specimens were prepared to carry out the mechanical testing according to ASTM requirements. The findings of the density test showed that L2 composite laminate had maximum density and L3 composite laminate had minimum density. The results of the mechanical test indicated the highest tensile strength for L1 and L3 composite laminates and L2 composite laminate showed the maximum flexural strength. L1 composite laminate reported maximum water absorption percentage, and L2 composite laminate showed minimum water absorption percentage.
Experimental study on behaviour of nano material concrete columns
Authors: Natarajan S , Senthil Selvan S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Concrete is the most significant building material, without a close alternative, due to this there have been major advancement in concrete technology and the need to reinforcing has been made essential. It has been observed that cement-based material, on the addition of nano particles; develop distinctive properties at the molecular and nano level; in an experimental investigation made on square RC columns and nano concrete columns under axial loads. A total of 12 columns in which 6 numbers of RCC and 6 nos of nano concrete columns with 750mm height with square cross section (150mmx150mm) were tested. The loads are applied as concentric compressive loading up to failure. In this research, the behavior of nano concrete column is compared with conventional column. The parameters selected are stiffness, failure force and energy absorption, interpretation strength at ultimate state and service load conditions. Further the deflection and ductility behavior were also determined. The experimental studies showed a great improvement on the strength and energy ductility for nano concrete columns when compared with conventional concrete columns. This experimental study presents that nano concrete columns are capable of bearing increased axial load by 25% when compared to conventional concrete columns.
Designing Fe-based high entropy alloy–a machine learning approach
Authors: Debnath B , Vinoth A , Mukherjee M , Datta S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
High Entropy Alloys (HEAs) are constituted by at least five elements and can even increase to seven or eight different elements. Due to high entropy of mixing, the solid solutions of so many elements become stable and the tendency to form intermetallic compounds decrease. As a result, it is possible to develop alloys with high strength and high hardness using this approach. Changing the composition of such alloys, the mechanical properties of the alloy can be varied widely. In this work HEAs with high toughness are designed computationally using machine learning and artificial intelligence approaches. With so much potential in this new breed of alloys, iron-based alloys (having high iron content) is designed in the present work to reduce the cost of the alloy. Here we have used supervised machine learning technique to map the relation between composition and properties of HEA. Multi-objective optimization is employed to search suitable composition for Fe-based HEA having increased strength and ductility, which will lead to improved toughness of the alloy.
Brain Monitoring Net (Brainternet)
Authors: Muruganandham D , Jayapriya J , Abdul Wahid A , Seyatha K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Recent trend in connecting Brain and Internet leads to the study of Brainternet. It has been a sci-fi creation until the last decade, but scientists now created a way to connect them using certain devices(microcontrollers) like Raspberry Pi, Arduino, etc. that allow us to monitor, control and view at any time. The Raspberry Pi or any other microcontroller senses the brain waves from the Human brain through EEG signals and analyse the gathered data and upload it to the internet.
A Systematic Review on Visual Fatigue Induced by Tiny Screens (Smartphones)
Authors: Bhanu Priya D , Subramaniyam Murali 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Smartphones are the friendly gadgets with emerging technology in a current-generation which made everything accessible with a single touch. They occupied huge space in our daily life, the continues utilization of smartphone in our everyday life leads to affect the focus, attention and create functional impairments to the users. It is required to understand what are the prevalence, symptoms and factors of smartphone addiction and how it affects the individual health. Also, what are the techniques available to analyse the visual fatigue caused by smartphone? Detailed search of scientific articles from the various database for the past ten years with selected keywords visual fatigue, eye activity, usage duration, smartphone addiction. Due to the rising trend of addiction to smartphone, visual fatigue has become a negative concept, and scientists have mostly focused on its harmful applications. With authors knowledge, no studies related to visual fatigue were found in India. The excessive utilization of smartphone can cause visual and musculoskeletal disorders also damage one’s interpersonal skills.
Comparative Review of Structural Optimization Approaches on Rectangular Concrete Beams
Authors: Nabi Junaid , Abdul Rahim A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Increasing population demands considerable infrastructure, given that embodied energy accounts for most of the carbon emissions of concrete structures, efficient use of materials is of vital importance. This can be achieved through Topology Optimization. In this investigation, a brief review of cable and arch analogy in topology optimization of prismatic concrete design space is presented. Topology Optimization was conducted for a design space with two boundary condition configurations that correspond to the two analogies, Cable and Arch. Concrete damage properties were introduced in the model to find the optimum topology for the corresponding design space. Various topological configuration were obtained for both approaches by varying optimizing parameters. Considering the manufacturing practicality of the form, an optimum topology was chosen from both analogy approaches. A comparative study conducted between the two approaches exhibited the efficacy of cable analogy over arch analogy approach. Comparatively, significant volume reduction was observed in case of arch analogy approach, however manufacturing feasibility, comparatively superior structural response and partially eliminating load-specific behavior, testifies the overall efficacy of cable analogy approach.