bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Manipulation of Layered TiS2 to TiS3 Nanobelts through Niobium Doping for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Sajedi‐Moghaddam Ali , Mayorga‐Martinez Carmen C. , Vaghasiya Jayraj V. , Alduhaish Osamah , Sofer Zdenek , Pumera Martin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnraveling the influence of incorporating transition metal elements on layered transition metal chalcogenides for energy storage application remains a challenge. Herein, niobium (Nb)‐doped layered titanium disulfide (TiS2) is applied to generate novel compounds Ti1−xNbxS2 (x=0.05, 0.1 and 0.20). Interestingly, TiS3 nanobelts are formed in the resulting materials, which is proven by systematic morphological and structural characterization. It has been found that Nb‐doped TiS2 compounds demonstrate superior electrochemical capacitive activity, reaching up to a 63.2 % increase in gravimetric capacitance in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte compared with that of the Nb‐free TiS2. This remarkably enhanced capacity behavior is attributed to Nb doping resulting a structural transition of Layered TiS2 to TiS3 nanobelts.
Analytical Ultracentrifugation (AUC): An Overview of the Application of Fluorescence and Absorbance AUC to the Study of Biological Macromolecules
Authors: Edwards Garrett B. , Muthurajan Uma M. , Bowerman Samuel , Luger Karolin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe biochemical and biophysical investigation of proteins, nucleic acids, and the assemblies that they form yields essential information to understand complex systems. Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) represents a broadly applicable and information‐rich method for investigating macromolecular characteristics such as size, shape, stoichiometry, and binding properties, all in the true solution‐state environment that is lacking in most orthogonal methods. Despite this, AUC remains underutilized relative to its capabilities and potential in the fields of biochemistry and molecular biology. Although there has been a rapid development of computing power and AUC analysis tools in this millennium, fewer advancements have occurred in development of new applications of the technique, leaving these powerful instruments underappreciated and underused in many research institutes. With AUC previously limited to absorbance and Rayleigh interference optics, the addition of fluorescence detection systems has greatly enhanced the applicability of AUC to macromolecular systems that are traditionally difficult to characterize. This overview provides a resource for novices, highlighting the potential of AUC and encouraging its use in their research, as well as for current users, who may benefit from our experience. We discuss the strengths of fluorescence‐detected AUC and demonstrate the power of even simple AUC experiments to answer practical and fundamental questions about biophysical properties of macromolecular assemblies. We address the development and utility of AUC, explore experimental design considerations, present case studies investigating properties of biological macromolecules that are of common interest to researchers, and review popular analysis approaches. © 2020 The Authors.
Copper‐catalyzed [3+2+1] Annulation of Anthranils with Phenylacetaldehydes: Synthesis of 8‐Acylquinolines
Authors: Shi Kai , Zhu Hao , Ren Fei , Liu Shuang , Song Yingying , Li Wei , Zou Liang‐Hua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA Cu0‐catalyzed protocol is proposed for the synthesis of 8‐acylquinolines through a [3+2+1] annulation starting from anthranils and phenylacetaldehydes. This protocol is of particular interest in preparing 8‐aldehyde quinolines, which have been hard to access so far. Both AgOTf and dioxygen played an important role in the reaction. C3‐heterocycle or phenylethylene substituted anthranils could also be employed in the reaction. An interesting esterification of aldehyde was observed.
Is short‐term antidepressant treatment effective and safe in bipolar depression? Results from an observational multicenter study
Authors: Tundo Antonio , Musetti Laura , Del Grande Claudia , de Filippis Rocco , Proietti Luca , Cambiali Erika , Franceschini Caterina , Dell'Osso Liliana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the short‐term effectiveness and the short‐term and long‐term safety of acute antidepressant (AD) treatment of bipolar depression in a naturalistic setting.MethodsPatients with bipolar (n = 86) or unipolar (n = 111) depression were consecutively recruited and treated with AD (combined with mood stabilizer [MS] and/or second‐generation antipsychotics in bipolar depression). Exclusion criteria were mixed depression, high mood instability, previous predominantly mixed depression (both bipolar and unipolar depression), rapid cycling course and previous switch AD‐emerging (bipolar depression).ResultsAfter 12 weeks of treatment, no difference was found in remission, response and improvement rates between bipolar and unipolar depression. Concerning short‐term safety, switching and suicidality did not differ significantly between the two groups, and no suicide attempt was observed. Concerning long‐term safety, patients with bipolar depression had a significant reduction of depressive and total recurrences during the year of follow‐up, compared to the year before entering the study, without significant changes in (hypo)mania and mixed depression recurrences, and suicide rates.ConclusionsAcute AD treatment of bipolar depression is effective in the short‐term and safe in the short‐ and long‐term, when administered in combination with MSs and/or second‐generation antipsychotics, with a low risk of switch, mixed depression and cycle acceleration.
Inside Cover
Authors: Guermonprez Cyprien , Declercq Lieve , Decaux Géraldine , Grimaud Jean‐Alexis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhysical and chemical cellular stimulation combined in a unique home‐use device provides an effective and long‐lasting skin care regime for extrinsic skin aging prevention. The innovative principle relies on potentiating the effect of active ingredients contained in a topical serum with visible and near infrared photons to prevent extrinsic skin aging.Further details can be found in the article by Cyprien Guermonprez, Lieve Declercq, Géraldine Decaux, and Jean‐Alexis Grimaud (e202000230).
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Inside Cover
Authors: Milanesi Alessio , Magni Giada , Centi Sonia , Schifino Gioacchino , Aluigi Annalisa , Khlebtsov Boris N. , Cavigli Lucia , Barucci Andrea , Khlebtsov Nikolai G. , Ratto Fulvio , Rossi Francesca , Pini Roberto 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCross‐polarised optical coherence tomography is a promising technique to reveal certain pathologic conditions in tissue. However, endoscopic devices with flexible small probes to detect diseased areas intraoperatively barely exist. We present an extension of a commercially available swept‐source OCT system. Applying a common‐path probe, the polarisation of reference and sample arm does not need to be further balanced. Due to a depolariser, the system is independent of the inputpolarisation.Further details can be found in the article by Katharina Blessing, Judith Schirmer, Gargi Sharma, and Kanwarpal Singh. (e202000135).
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The role of distributed atomic point charges and polarizabilities of solvent molecules on one‐ and two‐photon absorption spectra of aqueous p‐nitroaniline
Authors: Lu Shih‐I , Wang Bo‐Cheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this work, we demonstrated the electrostatic and polarization effects created from distributed atomic point charges and polarizabilities of solvent molecules, respectively, when calculating optical response properties of solution‐phase molecule within the context of the discrete solvent reaction field. Aqueous p‐nitroaniline molecule was selected as the model system for our research purpose. One‐ and two‐photon absorption spectra were constructed by carrying out the damped response theory calculations within time‐dependent density functional theory. As compared to the full treatment, we investigated different effects of electrostatics and polarizations on spectral parameters of interest. Our calculations showed that the larger contributions to the calculated red shift in excitation energy was from electrostatic term, but polarization contribution was comparable in magnitude. On the other hand, electrostatic term was the principal feature for absorption strength and spectral width.
Classification of retinal images based on convolutional neural network
Authors: El‐Hag Noha A. , Sedik Ahmed , El‐Shafai Walid , El‐Hoseny Heba M. , Khalaf Ashraf A. M. , El‐Fishawy Adel S. , Al‐Nuaimy Waleed , Abd El‐Samie Fathi E. , El‐Banby Ghada M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAutomatic detection of maculopathy disease is a very important step to achieve high‐accuracy results for the early discovery of the disease to help ophthalmologists to treat patients. Manual detection of diabetic maculopathy needs much effort and time from ophthalmologists. Detection of exudates from retinal images is applied for the maculopathy disease diagnosis. The first proposed framework in this paper for retinal image classification begins with fuzzy preprocessing in order to improve the original image to enhance the contrast between the objects and the background. After that, image segmentation is performed through binarization of the image to extract both blood vessels and the optic disc and then remove them from the original image. A gradient process is performed on the retinal image after this removal process for discrimination between normal and abnormal cases. Histogram of the gradients is estimated, and consequently the cumulative histogram of gradients is obtained and compared with a threshold cumulative histogram at certain bins. To determine the threshold cumulative histogram, cumulative histograms of images with exudates and images without exudates are obtained and averaged for each type, and the threshold cumulative histogram is set as the average of both cumulative histograms. Certain histogram bins are selected and thresholded according to the estimated threshold cumulative histogram, and the results are used for retinal image classification. In the second framework in this paper, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is utilized to classify normal and abnormal cases.
The optical density and topography characterizations of MWCNTs on Ni‐Cu/ a‐C:H substrates with different copper percentage
Authors: Dalouji Vali , Goudarzi Samira , Solaymani Shahram 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article, the Ni‐Cu nanoparticles (NPs) in the amorphous carbon hydrogenated thin films with different copper percentage by co‐deposition of RF‐plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition were prepared using acetylene gas and Ni and Cu targets. The films deposited with 5% Cu have minimum value of the average diameter of Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes, MWCNTs, in about of 100 nm. It can be seen that the lateral size values of the nanoparticles for films with 5% Cu have minimum value of 5.34 nm. Films deposited with 75% Cu have maximum value of optical density specially in high energy. The spectral density power of all films indicated the presence of fractal components in prominent topographies. Films deposited without Cu NPs have minimum value of fractal dimension in about of 2.96. The diagram of the bearing area versus the nanoparticles height has shown the percentage of cavities and single‐layers. The single‐layer contents of all films were about 95%.
Value of Ultrasound in Diagnosing Perforation of Congenital Choledochal Cysts in Children
Authors: Xin Yue , Wang Xiao Man , Wang Yu , Hu Yan Xiu , Jia Li Qun 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of ultrasound in children with perforation of congenital choledochal cysts.MethodsEligible patients recruited from January 2004 to December 2018 in our hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study. A total of 59 cases of congenital choledochal cysts with perforation were defined as the perforation group, and 100 cases of congenital choledochal cysts without perforation with similar symptoms were defined as the control group. Clinical features were analyzed and compared between the groups. The differential efficacy of varied diagnostic criteria was evaluated by a receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsSignificant differences were found between the groups with respect to clinical characteristics (abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, and abdominal distention; all P < .01) and the disease onset age (P < .001), but the diagnostic efficacy of both was poor (both areas under the curve, <0.7). The interruption of bile duct continuity only occurred in the perforation group with high specificity of 100% but poor sensitivity of 18.6%. The discrimination of combined features was significantly better (area under the curve, 0.936) than that of the disease onset age and clinical characteristics, with observed sensitivity and specificity of 93.2% and 94.0%, respectively.ConclusionsUsing specific features, ultrasound can effectively diagnose perforation of a congenital choledochal cyst in children.
Registration of ‘Resilience CL+’ soft white winter wheat
Authors: Gill K. S. , Kumar N. , Randhawa H. S. , Murphy K. , Carter A. H. , Morris C. F. , Higginbotham R. W. , Engle D. A. , Guy S. O. , Lyon D. J. , Murray T. D. , Chen X. M. , Schillinger W. F. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract‘Resilience CL+’ (Reg. no. CV‐1176, PI 686413; PVP 201800104) is a soft white common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar carrying two‐gene tolerance to imazamox herbicide that was developed and released in October 2016 by the Agricultural Research Center of Washington State University. It was tested under the experimental designations KCF9002 and WA 8187. Resilience CL+ was developed using marker‐assisted background selection and marker‐assisted forward breeding approaches involving a cross between a soft white winter wheat cultivar ‘Madsen’ and CL0618 (an Australian hard red spring two‐gene Clearfield line). Resilience CL+ carries two mutation alleles (Als1 and Als2) of the acetolactate synthase gene (ALS) located on chromosomes 6DL and 6BL. Resilience CL+ has high grain‐yield potential, intermediate plant height, and is well adapted to regions of the inland Pacific Northwest (PNW) with >500 mm of annual precipitation. Resilience CL+ exhibited herbicide tolerance equivalent to ‘AP503 CL2’ and greater than the single‐gene Clearfield cultivar ‘ORCF‐102’. Compared with the other Clearfield cultivars grown in the PNW, Resilience CL+ has a high level of resistance to stripe rust and foot rot resistance, similar to that of Madsen. Resilience CL+ has soft kernels, an excellent milling score, and good end‐use quality characteristics. Yield comparison of Resilience CL+ with other popular cultivars demonstrated that it has greater yield than ‘SY Ovation’ and Madsen but is similar to ORCF‐102.
Hidden Markov model‐based control for networked fuzzy Markov jump systems against randomly occurring multichannel attacks
Authors: Huo Shicheng , Li Feng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper gives full consideration to the hidden Markov model‐based control problem for nonlinear Markov jump systems under multichannel random attacks via Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model. The system state is transmitted to controller through the multiple channels in which each channel obtains transmission permission based on a dispatcher and suffers from random attacks described by the Bernoulli variables. The hidden Markov model is utilized to describe the asynchronous mode phenomenon between controller and system. By choosing a compatible Lyapunov function, some sufficient conditions are developed to achieve stochastic stability of the closed‐loop system with a prescribed performance. In the end, two examples are provided to illuminate the correctness of the devised technique.
Role of bar‐channel interactions in a dominant branch shift: The Taipingkou waterway, Yangtze River, China
Authors: Hu Peng , Lei Yunlong , Deng Shaoyi , Cao Zhixian , Liu Huaihan , He Zhiguo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrevious investigations regarding river bifurcation mainly focus on the conditions of a stable bifurcation and how key factors affect the asymmetrical features of a bifurcation. In this paper, a numerical case study is presented of the 2012–2014 north to south shift in the Sanba mid‐channel bar of the Taipingkou waterway's dominant branch in the Yangtze River, China. Numerical reproduction of the bar‐channel system evolution process as well as the resultant shift in the dominant branch was conducted by a fully coupled hydro‐sediment‐morphodynamic model. The following aspects are shown to play important roles in the shift: the south bank flattening of the Lalinzhou point bar, which formed a straight and wide route for the south branch, and the downstream‐south movement of the north‐bank Yanglingji point bar, which narrowed the north branch entrance. The direct consequence of these bar evolutions is the north to south shift in the dominant branch. Prior to this shift, the south branch had a larger water diversion ratio during high water but a smaller ratio during low water. Subsequently, the south branch has a larger water diversion ratio when either high or low water levels occur. These findings suggest the important role of bar‐channel interactions in dominant branch shifts.
How to account for temporal correlations with a diagonal correlation model in a nonlinear functional model: a plane fitting with simulated and real TLS measurements
Authors: Kermarrec Gaël , Lösler Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo avoid computational burden, diagonal variance covariance matrices (VCM) are preferred to describe the stochasticity of terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) measurements. This simplification neglects correlations and affects least-squares (LS) estimates that are trustworthy with minimal variance, if the correct stochastic model is used. When a linearization of the LS functional model is performed, a bias of the parameters to be estimated and their dispersions occur, which can be investigated using a second-order Taylor expansion. Both the computation of the second-order solution and the account for correlations are linked to computational burden. In this contribution, we study the impact of an enhanced stochastic model on that bias to weight the corresponding benefits against the improvements. To that aim, we model the temporal correlations of TLS measurements using the Matérn covariance function, combined with an intensity model for the variance. We study further how the scanning configuration influences the solution. Because neglecting correlations may be tempting to avoid VCM inversions and multiplications, we quantify the impact of such a reduction and propose an innovative yet simple way to account for correlations with a “diagonal VCM.” Originally developed for GPS measurements and linear LS, this model is extended and validated for TLS range and called the diagonal correlation model (DCM).
A hybrid approach for recovering high-resolution temporal gravity fields from satellite laser ranging
Authors: Löcher Anno , Kusche Jürgen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA new approach to recover time-variable gravity fields from satellite laser ranging (SLR) is presented. It takes up the concept of lumped coefficients by representing the temporal changes of the Earth’s gravity field by spatial patterns via combinations of spherical harmonics. These patterns are derived from the GRACE mission by decomposing the series of monthly gravity field solutions into empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). The basic idea of the approach is then to use the leading EOFs as base functions in the gravity field modelling and to adjust the respective scaling factors straightforward within the dynamic orbit computation; only for the lowest degrees, the spherical harmonic coefficients are estimated separately. As a result, the estimated gravity fields have formally the same spatial resolution as GRACE. It is shown that, within the GRACE time frame, both the secular and the seasonal signals in the GRACE time series are reproduced with high accuracy. In the period prior to GRACE, the SLR solutions are in good agreement with other techniques and models and confirm, for instance, that the Greenland ice sheet was stable until the late 1990s. Further validation is done with the first monthly fields from GRACE Follow-On, showing a similar agreement as with GRACE itself. Significant differences to the reference data only emerge occasionally when zooming into smaller river basins with strong interannual mass variations. In such cases, the approach reaches its limits which are set by the low spectral sensitivity of the SLR satellites and the strong constraints exerted by the EOFs. The benefit achieved by the enhanced spatial resolution has to be seen, therefore, primarily in the proper capturing of the mass signal in medium or large areas rather than in the opportunity to focus on isolated spatial details.
On generating functions in additive number theory, II: lower-order terms and applications to PDEs
Authors: Brandes J. , Parsell S. T. , Poulias C. , Shakan G. , Vaughan R. C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe obtain asymptotics for sums of the form $$\begin{aligned} \sum _{n=1}^P e\left( {\alpha }_k\,n^k\,+\,{\alpha }_1 n\right) , \end{aligned}$$

∑

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involving lower order main terms. As an application, we show that for almost all $${\alpha }_2 \in [0,1)$$

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one has $$\begin{aligned} \sup _{{\alpha }_{1} \in [0,1)} \Big | \sum _{1 \le n \le P} e\left( {\alpha }_{1}\left( n^{3}+n\right) + {\alpha }_{2} n^{3}\right) \Big | \ll P^{3/4 + \varepsilon }, \end{aligned}$$

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and that in a suitable sense this is best possible. This allows us to improve bounds for the fractal dimension of solutions to the Schrödinger and Airy equations.
Cardiac arrhythmias in patients with SARS-CoV‑2 infection and effects of the lockdown on invasive rhythmological therapy
Authors: Mathew Shibu , Fraebel Christian , Johnson Victoria , Abdelgwad Saboukh , Schneider Nikita , Müller Patrick , Chasan Ritvan , Hamm Christian , Schmitt Joern 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, various strategies have been taken worldwide to reduce the risk of infection. As part of the amendment to the Infection Protection Act, elective medical interventions were restricted, leading to a change in patient care. However, the consequences of the lockdown on the treatment of rhythmological patients in Germany remains unclear.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to analyze the reduction in rhythmological interventions and the patient care situation using a nationwide survey during the first lockdown period.

Methods
A survey was sent to all electrophysiological centers certified by the German Society of Cardiology. Here, the treatment volume of tachycardia and bradycardia and their invasive therapy were surveyed before and during the lockdown period. Furthermore, the number of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) treated at these centers and the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias was also recorded.

Results
Participating centers performed a total of 24,648 ablation procedures/year and represent approximately 34% (24,648/72,548) of the estimated German ablation treatments. The majority of these centers (33/40; 82.5%) were so-called primary COVID-19 hospitals (level-1). Overall, the number of ablations and pacemaker implantations were reduced by 41% and 18% respectively. Due to postponed ablation procedures and pacemaker implantations, 22/40 (55%) centers reported a worsening of clinical symptoms or early re-hospitalization of their patients.

Conclusion
These results demonstrate a significant decline in elective rhythmological procedures during the lockdown, as required by the German Federal Government. At the same time, however, more than half of the participating centers reported an increase in patient re-hospitalizations due to postponed procedures.