bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival of Silver Diamine Fluoride Among Patients Treated in Community Dental Clinics: A Naturalistic Study
Authors: Raskin Sarah Elaine , Tranby Eric , Ludwig Sharity , Okunev Ilya , Frantsve-Hawley Julie , Boynes Sean 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives: To describe survival outcomes of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) among a population-based sample receiving care in community settings.Methods: We analyzed data on SDF applications from de-identified dental claims on Oregon Health Plan patients served by Advantage Dental in 2016, who had been seen in 2015. Survival rates of SDF alone, SDF applied with a sedative filling, and SDF with a same-day restoration were compared. Failure was defined as a restoration or extraction of the tooth 7 to 365 days after initial application, while survival was defined a patient that returned 180 or more days after application and the tooth did not have restoration or extraction. Differences were assessed through Wilcoxon equality of survivor function tests and log-rank equality of survivor tests to compare failure rates, Cox Proportional Hazards models to assess factors associated with survival of SDF, and Kaplan-Meier survival estimate to calculate the probability of survival over time. Results: SDF alone had an overall survival rate of 76%. SDF placed with sedative filling and with a same-day restoration had survival rates of 50% and 84% respectively, likely reflecting the intent of treatment. SDF alone survived exceptionally well on primary cuspids, permanent molars, and permanent bicuspids and among patients aged 10 to 20 years, with modest variation across caries risk assessment categories. A single annual application of SDF was successful in 68% of cases. Among SDF failures on permanent dentition, more than two-thirds of teeth received a minor restoration.Conclusions: SDF is a minimally invasive non-aerosolizing option that demonstrably prevented and arrested early stage dental caries among patients in one “real world” community dentistry setting. Professional organizations, policy makers, providers, and payors should consider broadening the option to use SDF by informing clinical guidelines, reimbursement policies, and treatment decisions, especially amidst COVID-19 pandemic driven guidelines to minimize risk of exposure to airborne pathogens. Future research should address clinical, social, health service delivery, workforce, and economic outcomes including costs and invasive procedures deferred, using diverse population-based samples, and the mechanisms underlying the success of a single application and the potential for SDF to prevent caries found in this study.Trial registration: N/A
Ticks and tick-borne Anaplasma spp. and Rickettsia spp. from hilly area in central China
Authors: Zhang Ke , Li Aijun , Ding Ying , Zhang Jinjuan , Tong Tingting , Chen Yujie , Wang Huijing , Shi Ruixuan , Lu Suxiang , Wu Hongyu , Chen Qiu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Ticks are widely distributed in diverse habitats across the globe. Different tick habitats breed different tick varieties and tick-borne diseases. Pingdingshan City, located in central China, is a hilly area where livestock grazing is an everyday activity. Till now, the prevalence of tick-borne Rickettsiales around Pingdingshan City has not yet been explored.
Methods

We used PCR and nest-PCR detected the 16S rRNA gene of ticks, 16S rRNA gene of Anaplasma spp. and 17 KDa gene and gltA gene of Rickettsia spp. in the ticks collected from livestock and vegetation in hilly area of central China, Pingdingshan City.
Results

In this study, we observed a high infection rate of a dominant tick, H. longicorni (98.22%, 166/169), with Anaplasma spp. (48.8%), Rickettsia spp. (30.72%), and co-infection (9.04%, 15/166). It suggests a high public health risk. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the A. phagocytophilum, which is present in H. longicorni was more than 99.74% homologous to (MN044900.1) from Zhejiang and (KT276565.1) from Shandong in China, and more than 98.23% homologous to (KR611598.1, KC422267.1) from South Korea. Besides, A. central showed 100% homology to (GU064903.1) from South Korea. Ca. R. jingxinese was detected from 17 kDa gene amplification, and it showed 99.08%-99.77% homology to (MH932039.1) from Xian, China, and 100% homology to Candidatus R. jingxinensis from north-eastern China (KT899089.1).
Conclusions

In the hilly area of central China, a high prevalence of H. longicorni, and high infection rate of Anaplasma spp. and Rickettsia spp., even co-infection, necessitated the current study. Furthermore, an in-depth investigation is required to unravel its pathogenicity. Besides, other tick-borne disease-causing pathogens in H. longicorni, which pose a significant threat to humans and livestock, demand further assessment.
Psychometric validation of the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales among elderly residents in long-term care facilities with joint contractures
Authors: Chen Yi-chang , Lin Keh-chung , Yeh Shu-Hui , Pan Ay-Woan , Chen Hao-Ling , Chen Chen-Jung 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Joint contractures are common complications among elderly residents in long-term care facilities, causing activity limitations and participation restrictions and affecting quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales in joint contractures population.Methods A cross-sectional study design. A sample of elderly residents aged over 64 years with joint contractures in one important joint who have lived at a facility for more than 6 months in twelve long-term care facilities in Taiwan (N = 243). The Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales of joint contractures was generated through 5 stages: translation, review, back-translation, a panel of specialists, and a pretest. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity were evaluated, and the results were compared with those for the WHOQOL-BREF and WHODAS 2.0–36 items.Results The Activities and Participation subscales had excellent internal consistency (α = .975; SD = 17.34). The correlation coefficients between the PaArticular Scales and the WHODAS 2.0–36 items (r = .770, p < .001) and WHOQOL-BREF were significant and highly correlated (r = − .553, p < .001).Conclusions The underlying theoretical model of the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales functions well in Taiwan, and the Chinese version has acceptable levels of reliability and validity.Clinical trial registration:
Reduction of pTau and APP Levels in Mammalian Brain
After Low-Dose Radiation
Authors: Iacono Diego , Murphy Erin , Avantsa Soundarya , Perl Daniel , Day Regina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Brain radiation can occur from treatment of brain tumors or accidental exposure. Brain radiation has been rarely considered, though, as a possible tool to alter proteins involved in neurodegenerative disorders. We analyzed molecular and neuropathology changes of phosphorylated-Tau (pTau), all-Tau forms, β-tubulin, amyloid precursor protein (APP), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA-1), myelin basic protein (MBP), and GAP43 in Frontal Cortex (FC), Hippocampus (H) and Cerebellum (CRB) of swine brains 4 weeks following total-body radiation (1.79 Gy). Radiated-animals showed lower levels of pTau in FC and H, APP in H and CRB, GAP43 in CRB, and higher level of GFAP in H vs. sham-animals. These changes were not accompanied by obvious neurohistological changes, except for astrogliosis in the H. These findings are novel, and might open new perspectives on brain radiation as a therapeutic tool for interfering with the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders.
Single-atom Pd-Ru pair on Pt surface for promoting hydrogen oxidation in alkaline media
Authors: Cao Longsheng , Soto Fernando , Li Dan , Deng Tao , Hu Enyuan , Eidson Nico , Yang Xiao-Qing , Balbuena Perla B , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

The hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in alkaline media is critical for the alkaline fuel cell and electrochemical ammonia compressor. The sluggishness of HOR in the alkaline electrolyte requires platinum nano-catalysts, which are scarce and expensive. Decorating Pt catalysts with transition metals can boost the area specific activity (SA) of Pt nano-catalysts, but it often reduces the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA), resulting in a limited enhancement in Pt mass activity (MA). Single-atom surface modification of Pt catalysts can significantly enhance the reaction kinetics of single molecule, but it is less effective for HOR process that involve multiple molecules, i.e. H2 and OH-. Here we use a single-atom Pd-Ru pair to boost the activity of Pt nano-catalysts without loss of surface-active sites. Using a mildly catalytic thermal pyrolysis approach, single-Pd and single-Ru atom pair are precisely decorated on Pt nanoparticle surfaces, which is confirmed by Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) analysis. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and ab-initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations show the preferred adsorption of single-atom Pd and Ru dopants over Pd and Ru clustering on Pt surfaces. The single-atom Pd-Ru pair decorated Pt (Pd-Ru@Pt) catalyst features tri-active sites including: hydrophilic Pd promoting activation of adsorbed hydrogen atoms (Hads) via the hydrogen spill-over effect, oxyphilic Ru facilitating the adsorption of hydroxide molecules (OHads), and highly-catalytic Pt facilitating water formation with increased availability of Hads and OHads. In addition, the dopant decoration also reduces the hydrogen binding energy due to the shift of the (d) band center relative to the Fermi Level. The tri-active Pd-Ru@Pt catalyst shows 15.9 times higher area specific activity (SA) and 17.5 times larger mass activity (MA) than the state-of-the-art nano-Pt catalyst for HOR, and 2 times higher MA than nano-Pt for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The mass exchange current density of single-atom Pd-Ru@Pt/C for the HOR/HER was 6.0 times that of the Pt/C, corresponding to 9.7 times that of Pd@Pt/C and 6.5 times that of Ru@Pt/C. The superior HOR/HER performance of the tri-active site catalyst is also demonstrated in ammonia and hydrogen pumps for practical application.
Immunohistochemical Expression of β-catenin, Ki67, CD3 and CD18 in Canine Colorectal Adenomas and Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Herstad Kristin Marie Valand , Gunnes Gjermund , Rørtveit Runa , Kolbjørnsen Øyvor , Tran Linh , Skancke Ellen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Inflammation is believed to influence the human colorectal carcinogenesis and may have impact upon prognosis and survival. High presence of tumour-infiltrating CD3+ T-cells, is associated with a better outcome in humans with colorectal cancer. The mucosal immunophenotype in dogs with colorectal cancer is poorly described. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the density, distribution and grade of tumour-infiltrating immune cells (TIIs) in canine colorectal tumours is associated with histologic indicators of malignancy and can be considered a prognostic factor in dogs. This retrospective case-control study was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from dogs with histologically confirmed colorectal adenoma (n=18) and adenocarcinoma (n=5) collected from archived samples. The samples had been collected by colonoscopy, surgery or during postmortem examination. Healthy colonic tissue obtained post mortem from dogs euthanized of reasons not involving the gastrointestinal tract, served as control tissue (n=9). Results: The tumour samples had significantly lower numbers of CD3+ T- cells in the epithelium compartment (Wilcoxon test, p=0,0006), as well as significantly lower number of CD18+ cells in the lamina propria, compared to control samples (Wilcoxon test, p=0,001). The Ki67 positive cells showed a strong signal in adenomas and adenocarcinomas. There was no clear distinction with regards to expression levels of the markers for tumour progression (β-catenin, and Ki67) between adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Colonic samples from control dogs had uniform staining of β-catenin along the cell membrane of epithelial cells. When compared to normal colonic cells, the expression levels of cytoplasmic β-catenin were significantly higher in adenomas and adenocarcinomas (Wilcoxon test, p=0,0002). None of the control samples showed positive staining of β-catenin in the nucleus of colonic cells. In contrast, adenocarcinoma and adenoma showed moderate to strong staining of the cell nucleus. Conclusions: β-catenin and Ki67 were not useful markers in distinguishing adenomas from adenocarcinomas. The lower presence of CD18- and CD3+ cells in tumours compared to controls, indicates a reduced presence of histiocytes and T-cells which may have implications for the defense against cancer progression.
Growth Differentiation Factor-15 is a Biomarker for All-cause Mortality but Less Evident for Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Prospective Study
Authors: Bao Xue , Borné Yan , XU BIAO , Orho-Melander Marju , Nilsson Jan , Melander Olle , Engström Gunnar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have proposed growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) as a predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. The present study aimed to determine if such associations remain after accounting for markers of inflammation and cardiac dysfunction as well as death as a competing risk.
Methods
Plasma GDF-15 levels and cardiovascular risk factors were measured in individuals without cardiovascular diseases (n = 4,518, aged 57.4 ± 5.96 years, 39.2% men), who participated in Malmö Diet and Cancer-Cardiovascular Cohort during 1991–1994 and were followed up for more than 20 years. Incidence of coronary events, ischemic stroke, cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality was studied in relation to GDF-15 using Cox proportional hazards regression, with adjustment for potential confounders including high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Confounding from death as competing risk was carefully checked using the Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard model.
Results
During follow-up, 473 coronary events, 366 ischemic stroke, 405 cardiovascular deaths, and 1,445 all-cause deaths occurred. The associations of GDF-15 with coronary events, ischemic stroke, or cardiovascular mortality were attenuated and non-significant after adjusting for NT-proBNP or controlling for death from other causes as a competing risk. All-cause mortality remained significantly related to GDF-15. After multivariate adjustment, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for all-cause mortality was 1.60 (1.34, 1.91), in the top compared with the bottom quartile of GDF-15.
Conclusions
GDF-15 concentration is a robust biomarker for all-cause mortality but less reliable for coronary event, ischemic stroke or cardiovascular mortality.
Left Hemispheric Deficit in the Sustained Neuromagnetic Response to Periodic Click Trains in Children with ASD.
Authors: Stroganova Tatiana A , Komarov Kirill S , Goiaeva Dzerasa E , Obukhova Tatiana S , Ovsiannikova Tatiana M , Prokofiev Andrey O , Orekhova Elena V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Deficits in perception and production of vocal pitch are often observed in people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but the neural basis of these abnormalities is unknown. In magnetoencephalogram (MEG), spectrally complex periodic sounds trigger two continuous neural responses – the Auditory Steady State Response (ASSR) and the Sustained Field (SF). It has been shown that the SF in neuro-typical individuals is associated with low-level analysis of pitch in the ‘pitch processing center’ of the Heschl’s gyrus. Therefore, this auditory response may reflect vocal pitch processing abnormalities in ASD. The SF, however, has never been studied in people with these disorders. Methods: We used MEG and individual brain models to investigate the ASSR and SF evoked by monaural 40 Hz click trains in 7-13-year-old boys with ASD (N=35) and neuro-typical (NT) boys (N=35). Results: In agreement with the previous research in adults, the cortical sources of the SF in children were located in the left and right Heschl’s gyri, anterolateral to those of the ASSR. In both groups, the SF and ASSR dominated in the right hemisphere and were higher contralaterally to the stimulated ear. The ASSR increased with age in both NT and ASD children and did not differ between the groups. The SF did not change between 7 and 13 years. It was moderately decreased in both hemispheres and was markedly delayed and displaced in the left hemisphere in boys with ASD. The SF delay in participants with ASD was present irrespective of their intelligence level and severity of autism symptoms. Limitations: We have not tested language abilities of our participants. Therefore, the link between SF and processing of vocal pitch in children with ASD remains speculative. Conclusion: The selective left-hemispheric SF abnormalities found in children with ASD are consistent with a deficit at a low level of pitch processing, which in turn may contribute to their difficulties in perception and production of linguistic prosody.
Clinic-pathological Features of Epstein-barr Virus Infection, Microsatellite Instability, Tumor Mutation Burden and PD-L1 Status in 2504 Chinese Gastric Cancer Patients
Authors: Zhang Li , Wu Aiwen , Li Zhongwu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Gastric cancer is the 4th most common cancer worldwide. Different subtype showed unique molecular features that could potentially guide therapeutic decisions. The aim of this study was to investigate the Epstein-Barr virus infection, microsatellite instability status, PD-L1 expression and gene mutation in surgically treated gastric cancer patients. Methods: We reviewed all GC patients who underwent potentially curative gastroectomy with lymphadenectomy at Peking University Cancer Hospital between 2013 and 2018 from a prospective collected medical database. We analyzed the clinic-pathological factors associated with immunohistochemistry profiles. We also analyzed gene changes through next-generation sequencing. Results: d-MMR gastric cancer patients are more likely to expression programmed death-ligand 1 (p<0.001, programmed death-ligand 1 cut off value 1%). EBV-positive and d-MMR patients were identified in 4% and 7.5% of the 2504 gastric cancer patients, respectively. The MLH1/PMS2 negative case number was 126. The MSH2/MSH6 negative case number was 14. d-MMR status was related to diffuse/mixed group (p<0.05), but not related to tumor differentiation. In our study, the microsatellite instability results detected by next generation sequencing and d-MMR gastric cancer results detected by immunohistochemistry were in high consistency. d-MMR gastric cancer patients had more microsatellite instability core. Many pathogenic genes were detected in microsatellite instability gastric cancer patients, such as POLE, ETV6, TP53, BRCA, RNF43 and other genes. Conclusion: Through immunohistochemistry and next generation sequencing, we got MSI status, protein expression, TMB and gene changes of GC, which provided a theoretical basis for future G clinical treatment.
A potential probiotic- Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group: Evidence from the restoration of the dietary pattern from a high-fat diet
Authors: Wu Menq-Rong , Chou Te-Sen , Huang Ching-Ying , Hsiao Jong-Kai 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: High-fat diet (HFD) that contributes to obesity is one of the pivotal risk factors for metabolic syndrome and cancers. The dietary pattern can shape the intestinal bacterial community and influence the physiological parameters. This study aimed to investigate whether the short-term dietary pattern shift from HFD to a balanced chow diet (CD) could correct HFD-induced colonic dysbiosis and reverse adverse health effects and identify the specific bacteria that changed by dietary patterns. Results: C57BL/6 mice fed with an HFD for 10 months, followed by a CD for 3 months, served as the dietary shift model. Stool samples were collected for bacterial analysis. Physiological parameters, such as serum adipokines, blood lipid levels, and hepatic function, were monitored in control and dietary shift groups. HFD-induced weight gain was mitigated by the dietary shift. A highly similar structure at the phylum, genus, and species levels was observed in the beta diversity of colonic bacteria in mice that underwent the dietary shift as compared to those in the control group. Notably, the abundance of Peptococcaceae and Akkermansiaceae in HFD-fed mice reduced after the dietary shift; whereas the diminished amount of probiotic Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group in HFD-fed mice was restored to the level comparable to those in controls after the dietary shift. Conclusions: Our finding suggests that a dietary switch from a long-term HFD to a short-term balanced diet has the potential to correct colonic dysbiosis and restore physiological homeostasis. The Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group has the potential to be a probiotic.
Role of Pediococcus acidilactici J9 in Decreasing the Occurrence of Gastritis Caused by H.pylori Infection and Two-week Repeated-dose Oral Toxicity Study in Mice
Authors: Lee Mijung , Chung Jin-Young , Kim Ka Yeun , Im Wooseok , Kim Manho 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important pathogen that causes chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer, and is related to the development of gastric carcinoma. Several chemicals, including antibiotics, have been used to eradicate H.pylori. However, more studies are yet requred to accomplish a sufficient therapy. Pediococcus acidilactici J9 were studied for inhibition of binding of H.pylori binding to human gastric cell lines. This study was performed in order to investigate the repeated-dose toxicity of Pediococcus acidilactici J9 in male and female mice.Results: C57BL/6 male and female Mus musculus were divided into four groups (n = 10 in each group). Pediococcus acidilactici J9 was administered daily by oral injection of vehicle control at dosage levels to a low-dose group (500mg/kg/day), middle-dose group (1000mg/kg/day), and high-dose group (2000mg/kg/day) for two weeks. After 14 days of exposure, the blood biochemistry and hematology were investigated, along with a histopathology exam. There were no bacterial-related deaths or abnormal clinical signs in either gender of mouse. The data was observed during the period in terms of body weight, food, intake, and water consumption. Also, no alterations in organ weights upon administration of Pediococcus acidilactici J9 alone were observed.Conclusions: These results suggest that the oral application of Pediococcus acidilactici J9, up to a dosage level of 2,000 mg/kg/day, causes no adverse effects in both male and female mice. Pediococcus acidilactici J9 inhibits the adhesion of H.pylori to AGS gastric cancer cells. When used as probiotics, Pediococcus acidilactici J9 may help decrease the occurrence of gastritis and reduce the risk of H.pylori infection with promising safety issues.