bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of the gene regulatory network identifies MYC as a transcriptional regulator of SWI/SNF complex
Authors: Srikanth Srimari , Ramachandran Srimathy , Mohan S Suma 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrecise positioning of nucleosomes at the gene regulatory elements mediated by the SWI/SNF family of remodelling complex is important for the transcriptional regulation of genes. A wide set of genes are either positively or negatively regulated by SWI/SNF. In higher eukaryotes, around thirty genes were found to code for SWI/SNF subunits. The construction of a gene regulatory network of SWI/SNF subunits identifies MYC as a common regulator for many of the SWI/SNF subunit genes. A meta-analysis study was conducted to investigate the MYC dependent regulation of SWI/SNF remodelling complex. Subunit information and the promoter sequences of the subunit genes were used to find the canonical E-box motif and its variants. Detailed analysis of mouse and human ChIP-Seq at the SWI/SNF subunit loci indicates the presence of MYC binding peaks overlapping with E-boxes. The co-expression correlation and the differential expression analysis of wt vs. MYC perturbed MEFs indicate the MYC dependent regulation of some of the SWI/SNF subunits. The extension of the analysis was done on MYC proficient and MYC deficient embryonic fibroblast cell lines, TGR1 and HO15, and in one of the MYC amplified cancer types, Medulloblastoma. A transcriptional regulatory feedback loop between MYC and SWI/SNF could be a major factor contributing to the aggressiveness of MYC dependent cancers.
Does the structure of light influence the speckle size?
Authors: Hu Xiao-Bo , Dong Meng-Xuan , Zhu Zhi-Han , Gao Wei , Rosales-Guzmán Carmelo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIt is well known that when a laser is reflected from a rough surface or transmitted through a diffusive medium, a speckle pattern will be formed at a given observation plane. An important parameter of speckle is its size, which for the case of homogeneous illumination, well-known relations for its computation have been derived. This is not the case for structured light beams of non-homogeneous intensity and phase distribution. Here, we propose and demonstrate, using Hermite- and Laguerre-Gaussian light modes, that the mean size of the speckle generated by these structured light beams can be measured assuming a homogeneous illumination. We further provide with mathematical expressions that relate the speckle size to the generalised definition of "spot size". To reinforce our assessment, we compare the mean speckle size generated by structured light modes with that generated by wave fronts of constant phase and amplitude and show that in both cases the mean speckle size is almost identical. Our findings reveal a fundamental property of speckle, which will be of great relevance in many speckle-based applications and will pave the way towards the development of novel applications.
NLRP6 self-assembles into a linear molecular platform following LPS binding and ATP stimulation
Authors: Leng Fangwei , Yin Hang , Qin Siying , Zhang Kai , Guan Yukun , Fang Run , Wang Honglei , Li Guohui , Jiang Zhengfan , Sun Fei , Wang Da-Cheng , Xie Can 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNOD-like receptors (NLRs) localize in the cytosol to recognize intracellular pathogen products and initialize the innate immune response. However, the ligands and ligand specificity of many NLRs remain unclear. One such NLR, NLRP6, plays an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and protecting against various intestinal diseases such as colitis and intestinal tumorigenesis. Here, we show that the major component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), binds NLRP6 directly and induces global conformational change and dimerization. Following stimulation by ATP, the NLRP6 homodimer can further assemble into a linear molecular platform, and ASC is recruited to form higher molecular structures, indicative of a step-by-step activation mechanism. Our study sheds light on the mystery of LPS-induced inflammasome initiation, reveals the architecture and structural basis of potential pre-inflammasome, and suggests a novel molecular assembly pattern for immune receptors.
Anti-crisis approach in the industrial enterprise management: methodological tools of preventive regulation
Authors: Maslak Olga , Sokurenko Petro , Grishko Natalya , Buriak Ievgen , Maslak Mariya 
Published: January 2020

The paper covers the theoretical and methodological framework for assessment of the crisis management effectiveness and the enterprise bankruptcy probability. At the present stage of the Ukrainian economic development, the main weaknesses in the activities of enterprises include: loss of sales markets, imperfect production and sales policy, lack of working capital, inefficient financial management, significant production costs, which produce signs of crisis processes and determine the feasibility of preventive approach anti-crisis management use. At the same time, the choice of the topic is due to insufficient research of this scientific problem as a whole and its relevance for the economy of Ukraine, especially in the context of the search for external investment resources, cooperation on this basis with the European Union.
It was determined that one of the ways to solve the problem of predicting the probability of bankruptcy is the use of insolvency prediction models developed on the basis of the discriminant analysis method – Z-coefficients. The authors systematized the most well-known approaches to predicting the likelihood of bankruptcy of industrial enterprises, illustrated their advantages and disadvantages, the mutual consistency of use.
It has been established that additional opportunities for monitoring the effectiveness of anti-crisis measures are created by a system of indicators characterizing the level of effectiveness of the anti-crisis management system. Evaluating the effectiveness of the anti-crisis program only on the basis of an analysis of relative indicators is not enough: during the global financial crisis, sometimes convincing indicators of efficiency are absolute indicators and a projected trend of their change.
As part of this study, attention is paid to the analytical levers of the crisis management mechanism, which are aimed at preventive regulation and localization of crisis processes in the enterprise, restoring the effectiveness of production and marketing activities.
Management of hepatic encephalopathy in Germany: a survey among physicians
Authors: Labenz Christian , Adarkwah Charles C. , Wörns Marcus-Alexander , Miehlke Stephan , Hofmann Wolf P. , Buggisch Peter , Galle Peter R. , Frieling Thomas , Labenz Joachim 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe complication of liver cirrhosis with impairment of quality of life and prognosis. Management patterns among physicians have not been investigated yet.
Methods A questionnaire containing 17 questions was sent out to 1468 gastroenterologists and 120 general practitioners (GPs). It included questions regarding diagnostic, therapeutic, and management strategies used in patients with overt HE (OHE) and covert HE (CHE).
Results The response rate was 12 % (n = 172) for gastroenterologists and 45 % (n = 54) for GPs. Of gastroenterologists, 26.7 % examine patients with an initial diagnosis of liver cirrhosis regarding HE. Gastroenterologists favored a combination of different testing strategies (27.9 %) and clinical examination (23.0 %), while the biggest part of the GPs use clinical examination (55.3 %); 63.7 % of gastroenterologists and 28.3 % of GPs give correct nutritional advices to patients with HE. Treatment strategies for acute bouts of OHE and secondary prophylaxis varied widely in both groups. Preferred medication was lactulose followed by rifaximin or a combination therapy. More than half of the GPs (53.7 %) were not familiar with minimal HE (MHE). About one-third of both groups never tried to diagnose MHE.
Conclusion Our data strongly indicate that management of HE is very heterogeneous among gastroenterologists as well as selected GPs working in Germany and not driven by evidence-based international guidelines. Thus, the national guideline is more than welcome.
STudy on E-Cigarettes and Pregnancy (STEP) – Study Protocol of a Mixed Methods Study on Risk Perception of E-Cigarette Use During Pregnancy and Sample Description
Authors: Schilling Laura , Schneider Sven , Maul Holger , Spallek Jacob 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction During pregnancy, the motherʼs healthy lifestyle is crucial for the health of the fetus. Potential risk factors for maternal and child health should therefore be identified and reduced as early as possible. The consumption of e-cigarettes represents one of these potential risk factors. Exploring risk perceptions about e-cigarette use during pregnancy can provide early indications of possible user motives. Therefore, our mixed methods STudy on E-cigarettes and Pregnancy (STEP) aimed to comprehensively analyze risk perceptions about e-cigarette use during pregnancy based on an Integrated Health Belief Model (IHBM). This paper describes the study design, methods, sample population and limitations of STEP.
Methods Our sequential mixed methods study combined qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the qualitative section of the study which preceded the quantitative part of the study, we aimed to characterize risk perceptions about e-cigarette use during pregnancy. We used a netnographic research approach which analyzed discussion threads in online forums dealing with e-cigarette use during pregnancy. The analysis was based on an IHBM. Identified themes were incorporated in the questionnaire which was developed for the quantitative part of the study. The quantitative section aimed to quantify, among other things, perceived threats, barriers and benefits and to explore differences in risk perception according to sociodemographic characteristics and tobacco and e-cigarette usage.
Results In the qualitative section, 1552 posts in 25 online discussion threads dealing, inter alia, with e-cigarette use during pregnancy were identified. The quantitative part looked at the responses in the questionnaires handed in by 575 pregnant women who attended a hospital in Hamburg (Germany) from April 2018 to January 2019 (response rate: 27.5%).
Conclusion Data collection was successful for both the qualitative and quantitative parts of the study. When interpreting the results of STEP, different limitations should be taken into account. The results of STEP provide starting points for the development of tailored preventive measures for pregnant women.
A Review: Prevention, Treatment and Management of Tuberculosis through Combinational Approaches of Different Indian Systems of Medicine
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Goyal Ramesh K. , Nandave Mukesh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest fatal diseases of history. Multidrugresistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) is a major public health issue in the world. In India, the incidence is getting up despite the Indian revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme. India has six recognize medicine systems in this category, namely Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Yoga, Naturopathy and Homoeopathy. This review study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of different drug treatments based on Indian Systems of Traditional Medicines to the standard MDR-TB regimen. This review mainly focuses on the combinational approaches towards treatment protocols, prevention strategies, and management of tuberculosis in different established systems of medicine in India. Along with allopathic drugs, these AYUSH based drugs work in synergistic manner. Recent research suggests that Homeopathic treatment along with the antibiotics synergise the effect of antibiotics while reaching to its site of action. Additionally in Siddha system, formulation of medicinal herbs showing significant activity against TB bacteria. Furthermore, adopting the management or principles of Unani system would be beneficial in health and disease. Similarly, Unani and Naturopathy through natural healing are equally effective. On the other hand, medicinal plants from the Ayurveda that have been successfully employed to treat TB because of less toxicity and side effect in comparison with existing antibiotics. The findings in this review have provided scientific support for anti-TB activity of different medicinal system of India via numerous underlying mechanisms.
Umpolung of Enamines: An Overview on Strategies and Synthons
Authors: Sukhorukov Alexey Yu. 
Published: January 2020

Umpolung strategies are of considerable interest to organic chemists because they provide alternative synthetic routes to those imposed by the natural polarity of classical synthons. Reverse-polarity reactions of aldehydes, α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, and imines are deeply embedded in the methodology of organic synthesis. In recent years, umpolung of enols and enamines has received much attention as a novel strategy to access α-substituted ketones. Here, state-of-the-art approaches to umpolung of enamine reactivity are discussed, with a particular focus on recent developments in this field from the author’s research group.1	Introduction2	Approaches toward Umpolung of Enamines3	Umpolung of Enamines through Single-Electron Oxidation4	Azadienes as Synthetic Equivalents of Enamine Umpolung Synthons5	Enamines Possessing a Leaving Group at the Nitrogen Atom6	Enamines Possessing a Directing Group at the Nitrogen Atom7	Summary and Outlook
Otoprotection Mechanisms Against Oxidative Stress Caused by Cisplatin
Authors: Gonçalves Maiara Santos , Silveira Aron Ferreira da , Murashima Adriana de Andrade Batista , Rossato Maria , Hippolito Miguel Angelo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction Cisplatin damages the auditory system and is related to the generation of free radicals. Glutathione peroxidase is an endogenous free radicals remover.
Objective To investigate the mechanisms involved in otoprotection by N-acetylcysteine through the expression of glutathione peroxidase in outer hair cells from rats treated with cisplatin.
Methods Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin (8 mg/Kg) and/or received oral administration by gavage of N-acetylcysteine (300 mg/Kg) for 3 consecutive days. On the 4th day, the animals were euthanized and beheaded. The tympanic bullae were removed and prepared for scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence.
Results Among the groups exposed to ototoxic doses of cisplatin, there was an increase in glutathione peroxidase immunostaining in two groups, the one exposed to cisplatin alone, and the group exposed to both cisplatin and N-acetylcysteine.
Conclusion The expression of glutathione peroxidase in the outer hair cells of rats exposed to cisplatin showed the synthesis of this enzyme under cellular toxicity conditions.
“What we do and don’t do”
Authors: Woodhams Jay M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Academic language and learning advisers are employed by many Australasian universities to help students develop
their academic literacies, that is, the knowledge and skills needed to be successful at university both within and beyond
disciplinary contexts. At the Academic Skills and Learning Centre of the Australian National University, a team of Learning
Advisers spend a third of their time consulting students individually, often about a piece of writing to be submitted for
assessment. There is much concern in the literature about the pedagogical effectiveness of the one-to-one session, yet little that
examines it and its discourses as sites of identity genesis. This study examines Advisers’ post-consultation notes, and through a
community of practice approach to workplace discourse finds that discussion of “what we do and don’t do” is the nexus at which
Advisers negotiate the discourses of their organization, define boundaries around their work, and develop their professional
identities.
Writing for engineering
Authors: Simpson-Smith Claire 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Professional engineers must move easily between concretization and abstraction in written communication, while
remaining rooted in the context of the particular engineering problem to be solved. Engineering programmes often seek to use a
replicated professional situation in order to prepare students for the workplace; however, there are questions as to how a
decontextualized task prepares students for the language and knowledge requirements of the field. This paper reports on the
findings of a Master’s research project, which investigated this issue through a comparison of two sets of engineering feasibility
studies: publicly available industry texts and English as an Additional Language (EAL) student texts from a Master’s engineering
program. The findings show that while the corpora have some similarities, there are differences that suggest that the student
texts are less bound to the concrete reality of their project, which has implications for those working in disciplinary and
professional literacies.
The distal radial physis: Exploring normal anatomy on MRI enables interpretation of stress related changes in young gymnasts
Authors: Kraan R. B. J. , Kox L. S. , Oostra R. J. , Kuijer P. P. F. M. , Maas M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRationale: Explore the MRI‐appearance of the healthy distal radial physis and the distribution of stress‐related changes in physeal thickness in young gymnasts to aid in the understanding of the pathophysiological process of stress‐related physeal injury.Methods: Symptomatic gymnasts with clinically suspected overuse injury of the distal radial physis and age and gender‐matched asymptomatic gymnasts and healthy non‐gymnasts underwent an MRI‐scan of the wrist. A cartilage‐specific sequence was used to obtain three‐dimensional reconstructions of the distal radial physis. Heat maps and line charts of these reconstructions visualised distribution of physeal thickness per study group and were used to explore differences between study groups. Symptomatic gymnasts displaying the most profound physeal widening (n = 10) were analysed separately.Results: Twenty‐seven symptomatic – (skeletal age 12.9 ± 1.5 years), 16 asymptomatic – (skeletal age 12.8 ± 1.9 years) and 23 non‐gymnasts (skeletal age 13.6 ± 1.9 years) were included for analysis. Physes of healthy non‐gymnasts had a thin centre and increased in thickness towards the borders. Gymnasts demonstrated an increase in thickness of the entire physeal surface. In symptomatic gymnasts increase in physeal thickness was most prominent at the volar side when compared to asymptomatic gymnasts and non‐gymnasts.Conclusion: The healthy distal radial physis is characterised by a thin centre surrounded by thicker borders. Stress applied to the wrist during gymnastics causes an overall increase in physeal thickness. Profound thickness increase is present at the volar side of the physis mainly in symptomatic gymnasts. These results can help unravel the pathophysiological mechanism of stress‐related physeal injury in gymnasts and aid early injury identification.
The effect of metal-oxide incorporation on the morphology of carbon nanostructures
Authors: Tigges Sebastian , Wöhrl Nicolas , Hagemann Ulrich , Ney Marcel , Lorke Axel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Metal-organic, single-source, low-temperature, morphology-controlled growth of carbon nanostructures is achieved, using an inductively coupled plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system. Three distinctive morphologies, namely nanoflakes, nanowalls (CNWs) and nanorods (and intermediates between these morphologies), can be reproducibly deposited, depending on the process parameters. The synthesized structures can be described as hybrid materials consisting of metal oxide incorporated in a carbon matrix material. Since the incorporation of metal oxide into the carbon structure significantly influences their growth, the synthesis cannot be described solely with the existing models for the growth of CNWs. Optical emission spectroscopy is used to measure the relative number density of suspected growth and etching species in the plasma, while physical and chemical surface analysis techniques (scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning Auger microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) were employed to characterize the properties of the different nanostructures. Therefore, by using methods for both plasma and surface characterization, the growth process can be understood. The precursor dissociation in the plasma can be directly linked to the deposited morphology, as the incorporation of Al2O3 into the nanostructures is found to be a major cause for the transition between morphologies, by changing the dominant type of defect within the carbon structure.
In-situ measurement of permittivity distributions in reactors by cavity perturbation
Authors: Peter Ronny , Fischerauer Gerhard 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The microwave cavity perturbation method is widely used for material parameter measurements in connection with small homogeneous samples. Its applicability to larger and inhomogeneous samples is uncertain, but highly desirable in connection with the in-
situ condition monitoring of chemical reactors. We have investigated the problem of the reconstruction of axially inhomogeneous permittivity distributions in tubular reactors from measured cavity resonance frequencies of the reactor. It is shown that the use of a priori knowledge about the function class of the permittivity distribution, which in turn follows from assumptions about the chemical process inside the reactor, allows one to reconstruct the permittivity distribution based on a few resonances only. The resulting errors in the function parameters or in the permittivity values identified are on the order of 5%, as demonstrated by analytical and numerical calculations, by numerical experiments, and by laboratory experiments.
Cultivating electroactive microbes—from field to bench
Authors: Yee Mon Oo , Deutzmann Joerg , Spormann Alfred , Rotaru Amelia-Elena 
Published: January 2020

AbstractElectromicrobiology is an emerging field investigating and exploiting the interaction of microorganisms with insoluble electron donors or acceptors. Some of the most recently categorized electroactive microorganisms became of interest to sustainable bioengineering practices. However, laboratories worldwide typically maintain electroactive microorganisms on soluble substrates, which often leads to a decrease or loss of the ability to effectively exchange electrons with solid electrode surfaces. In order to develop future sustainable technologies, we cannot rely solely on existing lab-isolates. Therefore, we must develop isolation strategies for environmental strains with electroactive properties superior to strains in culture collections. In this article, we provide an overview of the studies that isolated or enriched electroactive microorganisms from the environment using an anode as the sole electron acceptor (electricity-generating microorganisms) or a cathode as the sole electron donor (electricity-consuming microorganisms). Next, we recommend a selective strategy for the isolation of electroactive microorganisms. Furthermore, we provide a practical guide for setting up electrochemical reactors and highlight crucial electrochemical techniques to determine electroactivity and the mode of electron transfer in novel organisms.