bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Device free human activity and fall recognition using WiFi channel state information (CSI)
Authors: Damodaran Neena , Haruni Elis , Kokhkharova Muyassar , Schäfer Jörg 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHuman activity recognition (HAR) is a broad research area. While there exist solutions based on sensors and vision-based technologies, these solutions suffer from considerable limitations. Thus in order to mitigate or avoid these limitations, device free solutions based on radio signals like (home) WiFi, in particular 802.11 are considered. Recently, channel state information (CSI), available in WiFi 802.11n networks have been proposed for fine-grained analysis. We are able to detect human activities like Walk, Sit, Stand, Run (in the sequel, any human activity used for classification is capitalised, i.e. is denoted by its corresponding label. For example, “standing“ is denoted as Stand, the activity “sitting“ is denoted by Sit and so on), etc. in a line-of-sight (LOS) scenario and a non-line-of-sight (N-LOS) scenario within an indoor environment. We propose two algorithms—one using a support vector machine (SVM) for classification and another one using a long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network. While the former uses sophisticated pre-processing and feature extraction techniques based on wavelet analysis, the latter processes the raw data directly (after denoising). We show that it is possible to characterize activities and/or human body presence with high accuracy and we compare both approaches with regard to accuracy and performance. Furthermore, we extend the experimental setup to detect human falls, too which is a relevant use-case in the context of ambient assisted living (AAL) and show that with the developed algorithms it is possible to detect falls with high accuracy. In addition, we also show that the algorithms can be used to count the number of people in a room based on the CSI-data, which is a first step towards detecting more complex social behavior and activities. Our paper is an extended version of the paper (Damodaran and Schäfer, Device free human activity recognition using wifi channel state information, in: 16th IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing (UIC 2019), 5th IEEE Smart World Congress, Leicester, vol 16, IEEE, 2019).
The exterior Calderón operator for non-spherical objects
Authors: Kristensson Gerhard , Stratis Ioannis G. , Wellander Niklas , Yannacopoulos Athanasios N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with the exterior Calderón operator for not necessarily spherical domains. We present a new approach of finding the norm of the exterior Calderón operator for a wide class of surfaces. The basic tool in the treatment is the set of eigenfunctions and eigenvalues to the Laplace–Beltrami operator for the surface. The norm is obtained in view of an eigenvalue problem of a quadratic form containing the exterior Calderón operator. The connection of the exterior Calderón operator to the transition matrix for a perfectly conducting surface is analyzed.
Do Urologists Really Recognize the Association Between Erectile Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease?
Authors: Li Dongjie , Li Xiucheng , Peng Emin , Liao Zhangcheng , Tang Zhengyan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) share many common risk factors. ED could be a strong independent predictive factor of CVDs. Furthermore, the treatment of ED had been shown to be beneficial for cardiovascular diseases. However, the association between ED and CVDs has been reported scarcely in the literature.

Aim
To investigate urologists’ perception, diagnosis, and treatment of CVDs in patients with ED.

Methods
The study was conducted as a prospective study from November 2018 through February 2019, including urologists aged 18–64 years. All participants completed a survey of the knowledge of ED via an online questionnaire platform in 7 WeChat groups of urologists. WeChat is the most popular multipurpose messaging and social media in China.

Main Outcome Measure
The main outcomes were the answers that urologists chose or filled.

Results
449 urologists were included. Most of participants (375, 83.5%) agreed that CVDs are associated with ED. Only 231 participants (51.4%) thought ED was an independent disorder. The awareness of the association between ED and CVDs is significantly higher among male urologists than their female counterparts. Although 378 (83.6%) participants believed that the progression of these 2 diseases was consistent, only 181 (44.9%) would do conjoined assessment of both CVDs and ED. In addition, most urologists only considered conventional treatment, such as psychological intervention (341, 75.4%) and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) therapy (318, 70.4%) for their patients, whereas 339 urologists (88.3%) claimed that they would treat CVDs in patients with both ED and CVDs. 344 (76.6%) urologists showed some concerns over PDE5is.

Conclusion
Urologists’ assessment of CVDs in patients with ED was disappointing especially among young and female urologists or those working in underserved areas. Besides, the urologists’ treatments of ED were not updated, and their attitudes toward the safety and effectiveness of PDE5is for CVDs were not optimistic.
Remnants of native forests support carnivore diversity in the vineyard landscapes of central Chile
Authors: García Camila B. , Svensson Gabriella L. , Bravo Camila , Undurraga María I. , Díaz-Forestier Javiera , Godoy Karina , Neaman Alexander , Barbosa Olga , Abades Sebastián , Celis-Diez Juan L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCarnivores play an important role in ecosystem functioning as apex predators. However, most carnivore species are threatened or have been extirpated in human-dominated landscapes. The Mediterranean region of central Chile is a biodiversity hotspot, but expansion of agricultural areas such as vineyards is degrading wildlife habitat. We estimated the species richness and composition of carnivore communities in remnant fragments of sclerophyllous forest-shrubland in the vineyard landscapes of central Chile to evaluate the effects of human disturbance at different spatial scales. We tested two hypotheses: (1) vineyard landscapes with higher levels of human disturbance support a lower diversity of native carnivores in fragments of remnant native vegetation compared to landscapes with larger areas of natural habitat, and (2) habitat specialists and generalists respond differentially to human influence at the habitat vs landscape spatial scale. We used camera traps at 12 sites across the study area and evaluated the impact of human disturbance indicators on the richness and detection frequency of carnivore species. We found that human population density negatively affected carnivore richness and was associated with a lower detection frequency of the Vulnerable guiñaLeopardus guigna. The presence of domestic dogs also had a negative effect on the detection frequency of the guiña and the two native species of foxes, the culpeoLycalopex culpaeusand South American grey foxLycalopex griseus. We conclude that protecting remnants of native forest in vineyard landscapes is crucial for carnivore conservation in central Chile.
A New Technique to Measure the Level of Interest Using Heartbeat-Evoked Brain Potential
Authors: Fuseda Kohei , Katayama Jun’ichi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Interest is a positive emotion related to attention. The event-related brain potential (ERP) probe technique is a useful method to evaluate the level of interest in dynamic stimuli. However, even in the irrelevant probe technique, the probe is presented as a physical stimulus and steals the observer’s attentional resources, although no overt response is required. Therefore, the probe might become a problematic distractor, preventing deep immersion of participants. Heartbeat-evoked brain potential (HEP) is a brain activity, time-locked to a cardiac event. No probe is required to obtain HEP data. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether the HEP can be used to evaluate the level of interest. Twenty-four participants (12 males and 12 females) watched attractive and unattractive individuals of the opposite sex in interesting and uninteresting videos (7 min each), respectively. We performed two techniques each for both the interesting and the uninteresting videos: the ERP probe and the HEP techniques. In the former, somatosensory stimuli were presented as task-irrelevant probes while participants watched videos: frequent (80%) and infrequent (20%) stimuli were presented at each wrist in random order. In the latter, participants watched videos without the probe. The P2 amplitude in response to the somatosensory probe was smaller and the positive wave amplitudes of HEP were larger while watching the videos of attractive individuals than while watching the videos of unattractive ones. These results indicate that the HEP technique is a useful method to evaluate the level of interest without an external probe stimulus.
Associations Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Endocrine, Autonomous and Psychological Stress Reactivity in Male Adolescents
Authors: Mücke Manuel , Ludyga Sebastian , Brand Serge , Colledge Flora , Pühse Uwe , Gerber Markus 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. High stress burden during adolescence can have severe long-term health consequences. While some studies reported that adults with higher fitness levels show lower stress reactivity, research on adolescents is scarce. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and physiological and psychological stress reactivity in male adolescents. Forty-three healthy, male adolescents aged 16–20 years underwent the Physical Working Capacity 170 bicycle ergometer test to determine cardiorespiratory fitness. The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) was used to trigger a stress reaction, which was measured physiologically with changes in salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase concentrations, and psychologically using self-rated changes in state-anxiety. Under consideration of potential confounders, hierarchical regression analyses were calculated for each outcome. For cortisol and psychological stress reactivity, fitness did not significantly explain variance. However, 28% of variance in alpha-amylase reactivity were explained by fitness and sleep complaints [adjusted R2 = .28, F(2, 36) = 8.36, p = .001], with 16% of variance explained by fitness alone (β = −.41, p = .006). Accordingly, higher fitness was associated with lower stress reactivity of the autonomous nervous system in male adolescents. The promotion of cardiorespiratory fitness may therefore be considered an important factor in preventing negative health consequences of stress in this age group.
Martian Year 34 Column Dust Climatology from Mars Climate Sounder Observations: Reconstructed Maps and Model Simulations
Authors: Montabone Luca , Spiga Aymeric , Kass David M. , Kleinböhl Armin , Forget François , Millour Ehouarn 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe have reconstructed longitude‐latitude maps of column dust optical depth (CDOD) for Martian year (MY) 34 (5 May 2017– 23 March 2019), using observations by the Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) aboard NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft. Our methodology works by gridding a combination of standard (v5.2) and novel (v5.3.2) estimates of CDOD from MCS limb observations, using an improved “Iterative Weighted Binning.” In this work, we have produced four gridded CDOD maps per sol, at different Mars Universal Times. Together with the seasonal and daily variability, the use of several maps per sol also allows us to explore the diurnal variability of CDOD in the MCS dataset, which is shown to be particularly strong during the MY 34 equinoctial global dust event (GDE). In order to understand whether the diurnal variability of CDOD has a physical explanation, and examine the impact of the MY 34 GDE on some aspects of the atmospheric circulation, we have carried out numerical simulations with the “Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique” Mars Global Climate Model. We show that the model is able to account for at least part of the observed CDOD diurnal variability. This is particularly true in the southern hemisphere where a strong diurnal wave at the time of the GDE is able to displace dust horizontally as well as vertically. The simulations also clearly show the impact of the MY 34 GDE on the mean meridional circulation and the super‐rotating equatorial jet, similarly to the effects of the equinoctial GDE in MY 25.
Associations between sleep bruxism and (peri-)implant complications: lessons learned from a clinical study
Authors: Thymi Magdalini , Visscher Corine M. , Wismeijer Daniel , Lobbezoo Frank 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo report and discuss the lessons learned from the conduct of a clinical study on the associations between sleep bruxism and (peri-)implant complications, the protocol of which has been pre-published.Materials and methodsA single-center, double-blind, prospective cohort study with a 2 year follow-up was performed in the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), The Netherlands. Eleven adult participants were included, where an inclusion of 98 was planned. Sleep bruxism was assessed by multiple single-channel electromyographic (EMG) recordings. Main outcomes were biological and technical complications. Results of the study are presented alongside with comments on encountered difficulties.ResultsInsufficient participant recruitment and failed EMG recordings were encountered. The small sample size did not allow answering the study’s main aim, and was mainly attributed to the study’s protocol complexity. EMG recording failures were attributed to insufficient quality of the EMG signal and detachments of the electrode.DiscussionThe lessons learned from the conduct of this study can be used to design successful future clinical studies.ConclusionsAdequate participant recruitment, effective EMG recordings, and a careful selection of predictor variables are important ingredients for the successful conduct of a longitudinal clinical study on the association between sleep bruxism and (peri-)implant complications.
A questionnaire study on the impact on oral health-related quality of life by conventional rehabilitation of edentulous patient
Authors: Shrestha Bidhan , Basnet Bishal Babu , Adhikari Galav 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to determine whether complete dentures improve the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of edentulous patients, and to assess any associations related to age, gender, and OHRQoL.

Material and methods
Hundred edentulous patients who required conventional complete denture treatment were selected for this study. The following inclusion criteria were established: edentulous in both jaws with no previous history of denture treatment and no significant medical history. The patients were selected who satisfied the criteria associated with the class I prosthodoctic diagnostic index. OHRQoL of the patients were assessed twice, once pre treatment (at the first visit) and once post treatment (8 weeks post insertion of dentures) using an instrument called OHIP-EDENT-N. Significant differences in the OHIP-EDENT-N scores between pre treatment and post treatment were calculated using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. Gender differences were assessed using the Mann–Whitney test.

Results
After provision of new complete dentures, all domains of the OHIP-EDENT-N showed significant improvements except physical pain and social disability.

Conclusions
The results of this study indicated that conventional complete denture improved the OHRQoL of edentulous patients.
Use of biomaterials for sustained delivery of anti-VEGF to treat retinal diseases
Authors: Seah Ivan , Zhao Xinxin , Lin Qianyu , Liu Zengping , Su Steven Zheng Zhe , Yuen Yew Sen , Hunziker Walter , Lingam Gopal , Loh Xian Jun , Su Xinyi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAnti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGF) have become the most common treatment modality for many retinal diseases. These include neovascular age-related macular degeneration (n-AMD), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and retinal vein occlusions (RVO). However, these drugs are administered via intravitreal injections that are associated with sight-threatening complications. The most feared of these complications is endophthalmitis, a severe infection of the eye with extremely poor visual outcomes. Patients with retinal diseases typically have to undergo multiple injections before achieving the desired therapeutic effect. Each injection incurs the risk of the sight-threatening complications. As such, there has been great interest in developing sustained delivery platforms for anti-VEGF agents to the posterior segment of the eye. In recent years, there have been various strategies that have been conceptualised. These include non-biodegradable implants, nano-formulations and hydrogels. In this review, the barriers of drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye will be explained. The characteristics of an ideal sustained delivery platform will then be discussed. Finally, the current available strategies will be analysed with the above-mentioned characteristics in mind to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each sustained drug delivery modality. Through the above, this review attempts to provide an overview of the sustained delivery platforms in their various phases of development.
Revisiting the anchoring behavior in lithium-sulfur batteries: many-body effect on the suppression of shuttle effect
Authors: Fang Min , Liu Xinyi , Ren Ji-Chang , Yang Sha , Su Guirong , Fang Qin , Lai Jianzhong , Li Shuang , Liu Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe apply the state-of-the-art many-body dispersion (MBD) method to study the anchoring behavior in lithium-sulfur (Li–S) batteries, which is closely related to the notorious “shuttle effect”. Based on the experimental results of metal sulfides (FeS and SnS2), we find that the MBD method gives a more accurate prediction of anchoring mechanism compared with other van der Waals (vdW) inclusive methods. We systematically investigate the anchoring mechanism of two prototypal anchoring materials—Ti2CF2and doped-graphene systems. The many-body effect is found to play an important role on the reduction of anchoring behaviors, especially when the systems have large polarization and the vdW interactions predominate the anchoring behavior. Our work deepens the fundamental understanding of the anchoring mechanism, and provides a more accurate criterion for screening anchoring materials for suppressing the shuttle effect.
Distribution of metallic fission-product particles in the cladding liner of spent nuclear fuel
Authors: Clark Richard A. , Conroy Michele A. , Lach Timothy G. , Buck Edgar C. , Pellegrini Kristi L. , McNamara Bruce K. , Schwantes Jon M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe have made observations of noble metal phase fission-product agglomerates and gaseous xenon within the fuel-cladding interaction (FCI) zone of a high-burnup UO2 fuel. The FCI is the boundary between the UO2 pellet outer surface and the inner wall of the oxidized Zr-liner/cladding of the fuel rod. These fission-product agglomerates are well known to occur within the spent fuel matrix, and although radionuclides have been reported by others, we reveal aspects of their speciation and morphology. That they occur as discrete particles in the oxidized Zr liner, suggests the occurrence of hitherto unknown processes in the FCI zone during reactor operation, and this may have implications for the long-term storage and disposal of these types of materials. As expected, the particle agglomerates, which ranged in size from the nanometer scale to the micrometer scale, contained mainly Mo, Ru, Tc, Rh, and Pd; however, we also found significant quantities of Te associated with Pd. Indeed, we found nanometer scale separation of the distinct Pd/Te phase from the other fission products within the particles. Often associated with the particles was concentrations of uranium, sometimes appearing as a “cloud” with a tail emanating from the fuel into the oxidized cladding liner. Many of the noble metal phase particles appeared as fractured clusters separated by Xe-gas-filled voids. Possible mechanisms of formation or transport in the cladding liner are presented.
Synthesis, characterisation and corrosion behaviour of simulant Chernobyl nuclear meltdown materials
Authors: Barlow Sean T. , Bailey Daniel J. , Fisher Adam J. , Stennett Martin C. , Gausse Clémence , Ding Hao , Krasnov Viktor A. , Sayenko Sergey Yu , Hyatt Neil C. , Corkhill Claire L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the physical and chemical properties of materials arising from nuclear meltdowns, such as the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents, is critical to supporting decommissioning operations and reducing the hazard to personnel and the environment surrounding the stricken reactors. Relatively few samples of meltdown materials are available for study, and their analysis is made challenging due to the radiation hazard associated with handling them. In this study, small-scale batches of low radioactivity (i.e., containing depleted uranium only) simulants for Chernobyl lava-like fuel-containing materials (LFCMs) have been prepared, and were found to closely approximate the microstructure and mineralogy of real LFCM. The addition of excess of ZrO2 to the composition resulted in the first successful synthesis of high uranium–zircon (chernobylite) by crystallisation from a glass melt. Use of these simulant materials allowed further analysis of the thermal characteristics of LFCM and the corrosion kinetics, giving results that are in good agreement with the limited available literature on real samples. It should, therefore, be possible to use these new simulant materials to support decommissioning operations of nuclear reactors post-accident.
An integrated computational and experimental study to investigate Staphylococcus aureus metabolism
Authors: Mazharul Islam Mohammad , Thomas Vinai C. , Van Beek Matthew , Ahn Jong-Sam , Alqarzaee Abdulelah A. , Zhou Chunyi , Fey Paul D. , Bayles Kenneth W. , Saha Rajib 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is a metabolically versatile pathogen that colonizes nearly all organs of the human body. A detailed and comprehensive knowledge of staphylococcal metabolism is essential to understand its pathogenesis. To this end, we have reconstructed and experimentally validated an updated and enhanced genome-scale metabolic model of S. aureus USA300_FPR3757. The model combined genome annotation data, reaction stoichiometry, and regulation information from biochemical databases and previous strain-specific models. Reactions in the model were checked and fixed to ensure chemical balance and thermodynamic consistency. To further refine the model, growth assessment of 1920 nonessential mutants from the Nebraska Transposon Mutant Library was performed, and metabolite excretion profiles of important mutants in carbon and nitrogen metabolism were determined. The growth and no-growth inconsistencies between the model predictions and in vivo essentiality data were resolved using extensive manual curation based on optimization-based reconciliation algorithms. Upon intensive curation and refinements, the model contains 863 metabolic genes, 1379 metabolites (including 1159 unique metabolites), and 1545 reactions including transport and exchange reactions. To improve the accuracy and predictability of the model to environmental changes, condition-specific regulation information curated from the existing knowledgebase was incorporated. These critical additions improved the model performance significantly in capturing gene essentiality, substrate utilization, and metabolite production capabilities and increased the ability to generate model-based discoveries of therapeutic significance. Use of this highly curated model will enhance the functional utility of omics data, and therefore, serve as a resource to support future investigations of S. aureus and to augment staphylococcal research worldwide.