bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying stellar streams in Gaia DR2 with data mining techniques
Authors: Borsato Nicholas W , Martell Sarah L , Simpson Jeffrey D 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Streams of stars from captured dwarf galaxies and dissolved globular clusters are identifiable through the similarity of their orbital parameters, a fact that remains true long after the streams have dispersed spatially. We calculate the integrals of motion for 31 234 stars, to a distance of 4 kpc from the Sun, which have full and accurate 6D phase space positions in the Gaia DR2 catalogue. We then apply a novel combination of data mining, numerical, and statistical techniques to search for stellar streams. This process returns five high confidence streams (including one which was previously undiscovered), all of which display tight clustering in the integral of motion space. Colour–magnitude diagrams indicate that these streams are relatively simple, old, metal-poor populations. One of these resolved streams shares very similar kinematics and metallicity characteristics with the Gaia-Enceladus dwarf galaxy remnant, but with a slightly younger age. The success of this project demonstrates the usefulness of data mining techniques in exploring large data sets.
Rest-frame UV properties of luminous strong gravitationally lensed Lyα emitters from the BELLS GALLERY Survey
Authors: Marques-Chaves R , Pérez-Fournon I , Shu Y , Colina L , Bolton A , Álvarez-Márquez J , Brownstein J , Cornachione M , Geier S , Jiménez-Ángel C , Kojima T , Mao S , Montero-Dorta A , Oguri M , Ouchi M , Poidevin F , Shirley R , Zheng Z 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We present deep rest-frame UV spectroscopic observations using the Gran Telescopio Canarias of six gravitationally lensed Lyα emitters (LAEs) at 2.36 &lt; z &lt; 2.82 selected from the BELLS GALLERY survey. By taking the magnifications into account, we show that LAEs can be as luminous as LLyα ≃ 30 × 1042 erg s−1 and MUV ≃ −23 (AB) without invoking an AGN component, in contrast with previous findings. We measure Lyα rest-frame equivalent widths, $EW_{0}\,\rm (Ly\alpha)$, ranging from 16 to 50 Å and Lyα escape fractions, $f_{\rm esc}\, \rm (Ly\alpha)$, from 10 per cent to 40 per cent. Large $EW_{0}\, \rm (Ly\alpha)$ and $f_{\rm esc}\, \rm (Ly\alpha)$ are found predominantly in LAEs showing weak low-ionization ISM absorption (EW0 ≲ 1 Å) and narrow Lyα profiles (≲300 km s−1 FWHM) with their peak close (≲80 km s−1) to their systemic redshifts, suggestive of less scatter from low H i column densities that favours the escape of Lyα photons. We infer stellar metallicities of Z/Z⊙ ≃ 0.2 in almost all LAEs by comparing the P-Cygni profiles of the wind lines N v1240 Å and C iv1549 Å with those from stellar synthesis models. We also find a trend between MUV and the velocity offset of ISM absorption lines, such as the most luminous LAEs experience stronger outflows. The most luminous LAEs show star formation rates up to ≃180 M⊙ yr−1, yet they appear relatively blue (βUV ≃ −1.8 to −2.0) showing evidence of little dust attenuation [E(B − V) = 0.10–0.14]. These luminous LAEs may be particular cases of young starburst galaxies that have had no time to form large amounts of dust. If so, they are ideal laboratories to study the early phase of massive star formation, stellar and dust mass growth, and chemical enrichment histories of starburst galaxies at high-z.
Differential Composition of Vaginal Microbiome, but Not of Seminal Microbiome, Is Associated With Successful Intrauterine Insemination in Couples With Idiopathic Infertility: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Amato Virginia , Papaleo Enrico , Pasciuta Renée , Viganò Paola , Ferrarese Roberto , Clementi Nicola , Sanchez Ana Maria , Quaranta Lavinia , Burioni Roberto , Ambrosi Alessandro , Salonia Andrea , Clementi Massimo , Candiani Massimo , Mancini Nicasio 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Vaginal and seminal microbiomes have gained increasing interest for their involvement in reproductive health and fertility. However, their role in reproductive outcome is not fully understood yet. In this study, we aimed to correlate the vaginal and the seminal microbiome of 23 couples with idiopathic infertility to the clinical pregnancy rate after intrauterine insemination (IUI).

Methods
Vaginal swabs and seminal fluids were collected on the day of IUI procedure and analyzed through polymerase chain reaction amplification of variable regions 3 and 4 (V3–V4) of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid genes and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The taxonomic data were then correlated to IUI success.

Results
Idiopathic infertile women showed a different average composition of vaginal microbiome compared with control sequences, whereas for seminal counterpart no relevant differences were observed. Furthermore, among idiopathic infertile women, different patterns of Lactobacillus species dominations were observed, with a predominance either of Lactobacillus crispatus, a marker of a healthy vaginal ecosystem, or of Lactobacillus iners and Lactobacillus gasseri, associated with a more dysbiosis-prone environment. More important, considering all investigated variables, vaginal L crispatus domination was the only factor strongly associated to IUI success (P = .0002).

Conclusions
Our results strengthen the potential role of L crispatus in promoting a favorable environment for pregnancy and suggest that microbiome characterization could be useful, together with standard clinical and laboratory assessments, in the pre-IUI evaluation of infertile couples.
Transylvian Clip Occlusion of an Enlarging High-Flow Tentorial Arteriovenous Fistula: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Cohen-Cohen Salomon , Link Michael J , Rangel-Castilla Leonardo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Endovascular therapy is the primary treatment for the majority of tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVF). Surgical occlusion is an effective alternative when embolization is not possible. This video demonstrates microsugical occlusion of a right-sided tentorial dAVF in a symptomatic 45-yr-old male. The dAVF was fed directly by meningohypophyseal trunk. Venous drainage was retrograde through the sphenoparietal sinus, superficial sylvian vein, vein of Labee, and transverse sinus. The patient underwent a right-sided pterional craniotomy; the sylvian fissure was widely opened. Subarachoid dissection was performed until a large arterialized draining vein was identified exiting dura subtemporally. Intraoperative indocyanine green angiography confirmed the fistulous site and the draining vein was occluded and divided. The patient remained neurologically intact after surgery. Immediate angiography demonstrates complete occlusion of the dAVF. This video demonstrates the surgical access obtained through a transylvian approach for this tentorial dAVF. Occlusion of the draining vein, with or without resection of the fistula, is enough to permanently treat these lesions.
Deformity Correction Through the Use of Reduction Towers: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Buchholz Avery L , Buell Thomas J , Shaffrey Mark E , Haid Regis W , Shaffrey Christopher I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Spinal deformity management can be difficult. The decision for surgery, approach, number of levels, and surgical technique all present challenges. Even when other issues are managed appropriately the process of how to correct the deformity needs special consideration.
Numerous techniques have been studied including vertebra-to-rod, rod de-rotation, 3-rod-techniques, and cantilever maneuvers. While cantilever is the preferred technique when treating sagittal plane deformity, scoliosis often requires a combination of techniques due to the complexity of deformity in coronal and transverse planes.
This video illustrates an adult scoliosis correction using sequential reduction towers and de-rotation techniques. Using this method the step of hook holders is eliminated and tension is distributed evenly across the rod using sequential reduction of the reduction towers across the length of the rod. This has led to a very efficient correction of our deformity as well as a powerful de-rotation tool. We routinely use this technique for flexible and rigid deformities, which is assessed pre-op with a computed tomography.
The patient is a 67-yr-old female with prior lumbar decompressions and worsening back pain with radiculopathy. No significant sagittal malalignment is present but pelvic tilt is elevated and a coronal deformity exists. pelvic incidence measures 59°, LL50°, PT28° and lumbar scoliosis shows a coronal Cobb angle of 50.8°. Briefly, surgery involved transpedicular instrumentation from T10-S1 with bilateral iliac screw fixation. To achieve mobility posterior column osteotomies were performed at T12-L1, L1-2, L2-3, L3-4, L4-5, and L5-S1 levels. TLIF was performed at L4-5, L5-S1 for fusion. Postoperative scoliosis X-rays demonstrated improved sagittal and coronal alignment with PI59°, LL59°, PT22°, and coronal Cobb angle of 12°.
Multiple Iterations of Magnetic Resonance-Guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Ablation of Brain Metastases: Single Surgeon's Experience and Review of the Literature
Authors: Eichberg Daniel G , Menaker Simon A , Jermakowicz Walter J , Shah Ashish H , Luther Evan M , Jamshidi Aria M , Semonche Alexa M , Di Long , Komotar Ricardo J , Ivan Michael E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Prior treatment with magnetic resonance-guided, laser-induced thermal therapy (LITT) is widely assumed not to be a contraindication for further treatment of brain lesions, including further iterations of LITT. However, the safety and efficacy of repeat LITT treatments have never been formally investigated.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate treatment with multiple iterations of LITT.

METHODS
All patients treated with LITT at least twice at our institution were included in the study. Outcomes and neurological examinations from before and after surgery were retrospectively examined from clinic notes. Perilesonal edema was determined at various timepoints using volumetric data derived from manual tracings of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Finally, a literature review of prior cases of repeat LITT was performed.

RESULTS
A total of 9 patients underwent 18 treatments with LITT; all but 1 of whom were treated for metastatic brain lesions. One patient had a transient cerebrospinal fluid leak, whereas a second patient had a superficial wound infection, both of which resolved with standard medical care. The remaining 7 patients tolerated all LITT procedures without complication. Analysis of perilesional edema volume demonstrated a correlation with the amount of energy delivered during LITT. Literature review found 5 published papers describing 9 patients who underwent LITT more than once, the majority of whom tolerated repeat LITT well.

CONCLUSION
LITT is a safe and promising treatment modality and may be used multiple times without issue. There appears to be an association between the amount of energy delivered during a LITT session and the degree of postoperative perilesional edema.
Endoscopic Endonasal Transclival Resection of a Pontine Metastasis: Case Report and Operative Video
Authors: Gerges Mina M , Godil Saniya S , Kacker Ashutosh , Schwartz Theodore H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
Brainstem lesions are challenging to manage, and surgical options have been controversial. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been used for local control, but life-threatening toxicities from 0% to 9.5% have been reported. Several microsurgical approaches involving safe entry zones have been developed to optimize the exposure and minimize complications in different portions of the brainstem, but require extensive drilling and manipulation of neurovascular structures. With recent advancements, the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) can provide direct visualization of ventral brainstem. No case has been reported of EEA to remove a brainstem metastasis.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
We present an illustrative case of a 68-yr-old female with metastatic colon cancer who presented with 2.8 × 2.7 × 2.1 cm (7.9 cm3) heterogeneously enhancing, right ventral pontine lesion with extensive edema. She underwent endoscopic endonasal transclival approach, and gross total resection of the lesion was achieved.

CONCLUSION
The endoscopic approach may offer certain advantages for removal of ventral brainstem lesions, as it can provide direct visualization of important neurovascular structures, especially, if the lesion displaces the tracts and comes superficial to the pial surface.
3-Dimensionally Printed Biomimetic Surgical Simulation—Operative Technique of a Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Clifton William , Damon Aaron , Nottmeier Eric , Pichelmann Mark 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present a surgical video highlighting the technical demonstration and microsurgical anatomy of an L4-5 transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion utilizing a combination of thermoplastic polymers and 3-dimensional printing technology to create a biomimetic lumbar spine surgical simulator. The posterior elements of L4-5 and the inferior portion of L3 are exposed in their entirety, including the transverse processes in order to identify the appropriate landmarks for pedicle screw insertion. The interspinous ligament of L4-5 is removed, and an interlaminar spreader is used to distract the facet joint. An inferior L4 facetectomy is performed for local autograft harvesting. The L4 and L5 pedicles are skeletonized to completely open the foramen in order to ensure that the exiting nerve root will not be compromised during cage insertion. The ligamentum flavum is then removed, exposing the common thecal sac and L5 traversing root. The L4 exiting nerve root is then identified, completing Kambin's triangle and location of the disc space. The disc is incised, and a combination of punches and curettes are used to completely remove the disc. After an interbody trial is used to assess the proper cage size, the cage is packed with graft and inserted into the midline of the disc space. Pedicle screws are then placed using an anatomic freehand technique, and intraoperative fluoroscopy is performed in order to evaluate the instrumentation and interbody position. If a contralateral decompression is required, a facet-sparing technique is performed in order to preserve bony surface for the fusion. Patient consent was not required for this simulation video.
Role of the right anterior insular cortex in joint attention-related identification with a partner
Authors: Koike Takahiko , Tanabe Hiroki C , Adachi-Abe Saori , Okazaki Shuntaro , Nakagawa Eri , Sasaki Akihiro T , Shimada Koji , Sugawara Sho K , Takahashi Haruka K , Yoshihara Kazufumi , Sadato Norihiro 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Understanding others as intentional agents is critical in social interactions. We perceive others’ intentions through identification, a categorical judgment that others should work like oneself. The most primitive form of understanding others’ intentions is joint attention (JA). During JA, an initiator selects a shared object through gaze (initiative joint attention, IJA), and the responder follows the direction of the initiator’s gaze (reactive joint attention, RJA). Therefore, both participants share the intention of object selection. However, the neural underpinning of shared intention through JA remains unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that JA is represented by inter-individual neural synchronization of the intention-related activity. Additionally, JA requires eye contact that activates the limbic mirror system; therefore, we hypothesized that this system is involved in shared attention through JA. To test these hypotheses, participants underwent hyperscanning fMRI while performing JA tasks. We found that IJA-related activation of the right anterior insular cortex of participants was positively correlated with RJA-related activation of homologous regions in their partners. This area was activated by volitional selection of the target during IJA. Therefore, identification with others by JA is likely accomplished by the shared intentionality of target selection represented by inter-individual synchronization of the right anterior insular cortex.
Legal and practical issues arising from Lehtimaki v Children’s Investment Fund Foundation (UK)
Authors: Hogan Gregor 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Next year the Supreme Court will hear the appeal from Lehtimaki v Children’s Investment Fund Foundation (UK) [2018] EWCA Civ 1605 (‘CIFF’) (reported as Children’s Investment Fund Foundation (UK) v Attorney General [2017] EWHC 1379 (Ch) at first instance). This article addresses the legal and practical issues that might arise from the Court of Appeal’s judgment by considering various structures of membership of charitable companies limited by guarantee. It also considers the significance of the Court of Appeal’s observations on the courts’ powers to intervene in the exercise of discretion by fiduciaries in the charities context.
Differential drought resistance strategies of co-existing woodland species enduring the long rainless Eastern Mediterranean summer
Authors: Väänänen Päivi J , Osem Yagil , Cohen Shabtai , Grünzweig José M 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn anticipation of a drier climate and to project future changes in forest dynamics, it is imperative to understand species-specific differences in drought resistance. The objectives of this study were to form a comprehensive understanding of the drought resistance strategies adopted by Eastern Mediterranean woodland species, and to elaborate specific ecophysiological traits that can explain the observed variation in survival among these species. We examined leaf water potential (𝛹), gas exchange and stem hydraulics during 2–3 years in mature individuals of the key woody species Phillyrea latifolia L., Pistacia lentiscus L. and Quercus calliprinos Webb that co-exist in a dry woodland experiencing ~ 6 rainless summer months. As compared with the other two similarly functioning species, Phillyrea displayed considerably lower 𝛹 (minimum 𝛹 of −8.7 MPa in Phillyrea vs −4.2 MPa in Pistacia and Quercus), lower 𝛹 at stomatal closure and lower leaf turgor loss point (𝛹TLP ), but reduced hydraulic vulnerability and wider safety margins. Notably, Phillyrea allowed 𝛹 to drop below 𝛹TLP under severe drought, whereas the other two species maintained positive turgor. These results indicate that Phillyrea adopted a more anisohydric drought resistance strategy, while Pistacia and Quercus exhibited a more isohydric strategy and probably relied on deeper water reserves. Unlike the two relatively isohydric species, Phillyrea reached complete stomatal closure at the end of the dry summer. Despite assessing a large number of physiological traits, none of them could be directly related to tree mortality. Higher mortality was observed for Quercus than for the other two species, which may result from higher water consumption due to its 2.5–10 times larger crown volume. The observed patterns suggest that similar levels of drought resistance in terms of survival can be achieved via different drought resistance strategies. Conversely, similar resistance strategies in terms of isohydricity can lead to different levels of vulnerability to extreme drought.
Impact of Transverse Ultrasound Images on the Classification and Treatment of Pediatric Lateral Humeral Condyle Fractures
Authors: Li Xiong-tao , Shen Xian-tao , Wu Xing , Li Jun , Xia Jing-dong 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Pediatric lateral humeral condyle fractures (LHCFs) are sometimes misdiagnosed and inappropriately treated on the basis of x-ray radiographs because cartilage cannot be seen on radiographs. However, as a useful technique, transverse ultrasonography can accurately and readily determine the integrity of the cartilage hinge in pediatric LHCFs. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of the Jakob classification, the treatment plan, and the necessity for further examination of pediatric LHCFs with the use of x-ray with and without transverse ultrasound images.

Methods:
Five pediatric orthopaedic surgeons with different levels of experience evaluated 62 cases on the basis of the use of x-ray alone and x-ray combined with transverse ultrasound images. These 2 types of evaluations were repeated after an interval of 4 to 6 weeks. At the time of each evaluation, all observers were asked to classify the fractures according to the Jakob classification, to formulate treatment plans, and to determine whether further examinations were required.

Results:
After the training of transverse ultrasound image interpretation, the interobserver reliability of the Jakob classification significantly improved from fair (a kappa of 0.54) to moderate (a kappa of 0.71) with the addition of transverse ultrasound images. The treatment plan was changed from conservative treatment to surgical treatment in 7% of the ratings but from surgical treatment to conservative treatment in 15% of the ratings after reviewing the ultrasound images, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.003).

Conclusions:
The use of the Jakob classification and a treatment plan for pediatric LHCFs can be optimized by the addition of transverse ultrasound images, especially after training for transverse ultrasound image interpretation.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—diagnostic study.
Sternal Wound Reconstruction Made Simple
Authors: Levy Adam S. , Ascherman Jeffrey A. 
Published: December 2019

Summary:
Sternal wounds and associated infections represent a complex reconstructive problem in a highly morbid patient population. Through strict adherence to excellent plastic surgical principles, this process can be simplified, allowing safe and effective wound closure. Emphasis is placed on thorough debridement, hardware removal, obtaining adequate tissue cultures, and finally, appropriate flap closure. In most cases, pectoralis major myocutaneous advancement flaps provide excellent coverage while eliminating dead space and providing sternal compression. Secondary flap options, such as the omental flap or rectus abdominis muscle, may occasionally be necessary. This article will provide an overview and simplified approach to sternal wound reconstruction.