bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transversely Isotropic Constitutive Model of the Polypropylene Separator Based on Rich–Hill Elastoplastic Constitutive Theory
Authors: Zhao Guicheng , Xi Huifeng , Yang Jinbiao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The polypropylene (PP) separator is a kind of transversely isotropic porous polymer film, and it is a key component of lithium-ion batteries. The mechanical properties of the separator affect the strength and security of lithium-ion batteries directly. However, the anisotropy behaviors of the separator remain unclear, which has led to inaccuracy of failure behaviors in lithium-ion battery. A large deformation elastic–plastic constitutive model of the PP separator was developed with the Rich–Hill large deformation elastoplastic constitutive theory. Besides, the hardening law of the PP separator was established according to the Hill yield criterion. The constitutive model accurately captured the anisotropy behaviors and the elastic–plastic process considering the large deformation of the separator. Numerical examples for model validation were presented and in good agreement with stress–strain data of tests up to the hardening stage.
Study of Different Dispensing Patterns of No-Flow Underfill Using Numerical and Experimental Methods
Authors: Nashrudin Muhammad Naqib , Abas Aizat , Abdullah M. Z. , Ali M. Yusuf Tura , Samsudin Z. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The conventional capillary underfill process has been a common practice in the industry, somehow the process is costly and time-consuming. Thus, no-flow underfill process is developed to increase the effective lead time production since it integrates the simultaneous reflow and cure of the solder interconnect and underfill. This paper investigates the effect of different dispense patterns of no-flow underfill process by mean of numerical and experimental method. Finite volume method (FVM) was used for the three-dimensional (3D) simulation to simulate the compression flow of the no-flow underfill. Experiments were carried out to complement the simulation validity and the results from both studies have reached a good agreement. The findings show that of all three types of dispense patterns, the combined shape dispense pattern shows better chip filling capability. The dot pattern has the highest velocity and pressure distribution with values of 0.0172 m/s and 813 Pa, respectively. The high-pressure region is concentrated at the center of the chip and decreases out toward the edge. Low in pressure and velocity flow factor somehow lead to issue associated with possibility of incomplete filling or void formation. Dot dispense pattern shows less void formation since it produces high-pressure underfill flow within the ball grid array (BGA). This paper provides reliable insight into the industry to choose the best dispense pattern of recently favorable no-flow underfill process.
Effect of Hydrogen Enrichment Strategy on Performance and Emission Features of Biodiesel-Biogas Dual Fuel Engine Using Simulation and Experimental Analyses
Authors: Verma Saket , Kumar Kuldeep , Das L. M. , Kaushik S. C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the present work, hydrogen enrichment in biogas is studied as a potential approach to improve the performance and emission features of a biodiesel-biogas dual fuel engine. A single-cylinder diesel engine is modified to operate in dual fuel mode using Jatropha curcas biodiesel as the pilot fuel and biogas as the main fuel. An electronic control unit is developed in-house to study 5−20% hydrogen enrichment in biogas using the timed manifold injection (TMI) technique. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics-based simulation methodology is presented for optimal selection of TMI parameters to ensure efficient and safe operation of the engine. Subsequently, the optimized injection conditions are used for the experimental evaluations, which are performed for performance and emission characteristics of the engine at low and high engine loads. Engine performance is analyzed based on energy and exergy analyses, whereas hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and smoke emissions are analyzed for emission characterization. The simulation results show that the injection angle and injection pressure influence in-cylinder mixture formation and hydrogen accumulation in the intake manifold. A combination of injection angle = 60 deg and injection pressure = 150 kPa offers good mixture formation. Experimental results show that at 20% hydrogen enrichment, exergy efficiencies of the dual fuel engine are increased from 8.4% to 10.1% at low load and 23.3% to 25.5% at high load. However, maximum reductions in HC and CO emissions of 35.6% and 50.0%, respectively, are calculated at low load.
Hydraulic Behavior in Cased and Open-Hole Sections in Highly Deviated Wellbores
Authors: Ytrehus Jan David , Lund Bjørnar , Taghipour Ali , Kosberg Birgitte Ruud , Carazza Luca , Gyland Knud Richard , Saasen Arild 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we present results from flow loop experiments with an oil-based drilling fluid with micronized barite as weight materials. The use of micronized barite allows using lower viscosity drilling fluid, providing non-laminar flow, which is advantageous for particle transport in near-horizontal sections. While transition to turbulence and turbulent flow of non-Newtonian fluids has been well studied both theoretically and experimentally, there are very few published results on the effect of wellbore wall properties on flow regime transition and turbulence. This is relevant because horizontal sections are often open hole with less well-defined surfaces than a steel casing surface. We have conducted a series of flow experiments with and without cuttings size particles in a 10-m long annular test section using steel and concrete material to represent the wellbore wall of a cased and open-hole section. In both cases, the annulus was formed by a freely rotating steel pipe of 2” outer diameter inside a 4” diameter wellbore. Experiments were conducted at 48 deg, 60 deg, and 90 deg wellbore inclination from vertical. The two materials result in different hydraulic behaviors without particles with stronger turbulence when using concrete wellbore wall material than when using steel casing. While there is a negligible difference at low flowrates, at 0.8 m/s and below, there is an increasing difference as the flowrate increases and becomes transitional to turbulence. Hole cleaning is found to differ dependent on the wall material. However, the effect on hole cleaning is less clear than for the pressure loss.
Electron-light interaction in nonequilibrium: exact diagonalization for time-dependent Hubbard Hamiltonians
Authors: Innerberger Michael , Worm Paul , Prauhart Paul , Kauch Anna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present a straightforward implementation scheme for solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for systems described by the Hubbard Hamiltonian with time-dependent hoppings. The computations can be performed for clusters of up to 14 sites with, in principle, general geometry. For the time evolution, we use the exponential midpoint rule, where the exponentials are computed via a Krylov subspace method, which only uses matrix-vector multiplication. The presented implementation uses standard libraries for constructing sparse matrices and for linear algebra. Therefore, the approach is easy to use on both desktop computers and computational clusters. We apply the method to calculate time evolution of double occupation and nonequilibrium spectral function of a photo-excited Mott-insulator. The results show that not only the double occupation increases due to creation of electron-hole pairs but also the Mott gap becomes partially filled.
Is International Surrogacy the Lark’s Glimmer?: When Covid-19 Reveals the Legal Insecurity of Surrogacy Use
Authors: Deharo Gaëlle , Madanamoothoo Allane 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
If globalisation has led to a greater mobility of people specific issues have emerged with the current coronavirus pandemic. Consequently, extreme measures have been taken worldwide to flatten the curb of the virus. From lockdowns to several levels of isolation these measures have worked undoubtedly for some situations. Nonetheless, these same measures have sown chaos in other situations. One good example is surrogacy especially when this practice is undergone overseas, revealing the legal insecurity of the use of surrogacy whether for the intended parents, the surrogate born child or the surrogate mother for whom the risks have heightened.
The Proportionality of Unilateral “Targeted” Sanctions: Whose Interests Should Count?
Authors: Hofer Alexandra 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Comprehensive sanctions were considered to be disproportionate in their collateral effects for the harm caused to the populations of sanctioned States. With the emergence of the concept of targeted sanctions, questions regarding proportionality were expected to fade away. After all, targeted sanctions were supposed to be inherently proportional precisely because they were targeted. Nevertheless, the use of selective embargoes, also known as sectoral sanctions, continues to give rise to issues of proportionality. One of the lacunas of the current system is there is no uniform proportionality standard that applies to unilateral sanctions as these measures fall with different types of legal regimes, each with their own proportionality standard. Drawing from recent State practice and the existing legal standards, the present contribution maps the respective interests that should inform proportionality discussions in distinct sanctions regimes and explores to what extent the proportionality principle can account for each of these interests.
Proportionality and International Legal Pragmatics
Authors: Linderfalk Ulf 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To respond to the question of whose interest proportionality serves, this article enquires into the function of this important principle. As the article argues, proportionality functions in much the same way as any generally applicable pragmatic principle: it facilitates comprehension of communicative behaviour on the part of utterers, in this case international lawmakers. Thus, the principle of proportionality serves two important interests. First, it serves the interest of legal communication, helping international lawmakers to make themselves understood. Second, it serves the interests of legal efficacy – it facilitates the effective realisation of the objects and purposes conferred by international lawmakers on international norms.
The Artist’s Destiny in Jewish Collective Memory: From Traditional Society to the Avant-Garde and Modernism
Authors: Kravtsov Sergey R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The destiny of an architect, painter, or carver working on the construction and decoration of an Eastern-European synagogue is a popular subject in Jewish folklore and literature. These stories are related to the international tale “The Giant as a Master Builder” (classified as АТ 1099), which Jewish storytellers adapted to their audiences. This paper discusses narratives circulated in traditional societies of Central-Eastern Europe, traces formal and meaningful changes that surface in Jewish records of these legends in the early twentieth century, and shows the further transformation of the subject in national-romanticist, avant-garde, and modernist artistic discourses of the twentieth century. The adaptation of this international theme within Jewish folklore helps us to interpret Jewish collective memory regarding the artist and his work on a sacralized object.
Vitality versus cambium, xylem, and phloem characteristics in Cedrus libani
Authors: Sökücü Ayça , Güney Aylin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In many regions, such as the Mediterranean, anticipated climate change is seen as a serious threat to tree vitality and forest productivity. Recent studies show that wood and bark structure as well as the number of dormant cambial cells bear valuable information about the growth condition and vitality of trees and thus could function as indicators to help manage forests in the future. Microcores and tree cores were sampled from stems of adult Cedrus libani trees growing at different altitudes in SW-Turkey. Trees were divided into two groups based on basal area increments: vital trees (positive growth trend), and trees of diminishing vitality (negative growth trend). Histological cross-sections were investigated for their number of dormant cambial cells as well as their xylem and phloem characteristics. We measured the widths of the conducting phloem, most recent xylem ring, earlywood, and latewood. We further calculated the ratio between the width of xylem ring and conducting phloem (XR:CPH ratio), and earlywood to latewood ratio. Vital trees had a significantly higher number of dormant cambial cells (on average 32%), higher xylem (67%), and conducting phloem (36%) widths, and a higher XR:CPH ratio (47%). The XR:CPH ratio ranged between 1.8:1 and 21.4:1. The number of dormant cambial cells was closely related to xylem and conducting phloem widths and showed a significant decrease with tree age. Altitude showed no direct effect on the measured and calculated parameters. Our results indicate the potential of dormant cambium, xylem, and phloem characteristics to assess the vitality and growth conditions of C. libani trees.
Satellite Perspectives of Sea Surface Temperature Diurnal Warming on Atmospheric Moistening and Radiative Heating during MJO
Authors: Itterly Kyle , Taylor Patrick , Roberts J. Brent 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDiurnal air–sea coupling affects climate modes such as the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) via the regional moist static energy budget. Prior to MJO initiation, large-scale subsidence increases (decreases) surface shortwave insolation (winds). These act in concert to significantly warm the uppermost layer of the ocean over the course of a single day and the ocean mixed layer over the course of 1–2 weeks. Here, we provide an integrated analysis of multiple surface, top-of-atmosphere, and atmospheric column observations to assess the covariability related to regions of strong diurnal sea surface temperature (dSST) warming over 44 MJO events between 2000 and 2018 to assess their role in MJO initiation. Combining satellite observations of evaporation and precipitation with reanalysis moisture budget terms, we find 30%–50% enhanced moistening over high-dSST regions during late afternoon using either ERA5 or MERRA-2 despite large model biases. Diurnally developing moisture convergence, only modestly weaker evaporation, and diurnal minimum precipitation act to locally enhance moistening over broad regions of enhanced diurnal warming, which rectifies onto the larger scale. Field campaign ship and sounding data corroborate that strong dSST periods are associated with reduced middle-tropospheric humidity and larger diurnal amplitudes of surface warming, evaporation, instability, and column moistening. Further, we find greater daytime increases in low cloud cover and evidence of enhanced radiative destabilization for the top 50th dSST percentile. Together, these results support that dSST warming acts in concert with large-scale dynamics to enhance moist static energy during the suppressed to active phase transition of the MJO.
Post-traumatic headache due to mild traumatic brain injury: Current knowledge and future directions
Authors: Schwedt Todd J 
Published: November 2020

Background/objective Post-traumatic headache is one of the most common and persistent symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury. The objective of this narrative review is to provide an update on the diagnostic criteria, clinical presentation, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of post-traumatic headache, and to identify future research priorities. Methods This is a narrative review of the literature regarding post-traumatic headache attributed to mild traumatic brain injury. Results Onset of post-traumatic headache within 7 days of injury is the only evidence for a causal relationship between the injury and the headache included in the diagnostic criteria. Post-traumatic headache often resolves within the first few days of onset, whereas it persists for at least 3 months in 30–50%. The majority of insights into post-traumatic headache pathophysiology come from pre-clinical animal studies and human imaging studies, which implicate structural, functional, metabolic, and neuroinflammatory mechanisms for post-traumatic headache. There is a paucity of quality evidence for how to best treat post-traumatic headache. Conclusions Although meaningful progress has been made in the post-traumatic headache field, priorities for future research are numerous, including the optimization of diagnostic criteria, a greater understanding of post-traumatic headache pathophysiology, identifying mechanisms and predictors for post-traumatic headache persistence, and identifying safe, well-tolerated, effective therapies.
The fibrin/fibrinogen degradation product level on arrival in trauma patients is a better predictor of a fatal outcome than physiological or anatomical severity: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Nagasawa Hiroki , Omori Kazuhiko , Nojiri Shuko , Muramatsu Ken-Ichi , Kushida Yoshihiro , Takeuchi Ikuto , Jitsuiki Kei , Shitara Jun , Ohsaka Hiromichi , Oode Yasumasa , Yanagawa Youichi 
Published: November 2020

Aim We performed a retrospective investigation to determine the factors, including vital signs, severity of traumatic anatomical abnormality and biochemical data, which are most useful for predicting the outcomes of trauma patients after admission. Methods A retrospective medical chart review was performed for all trauma patients who were admitted to our department from September 2017 to August 2019. These subjects were then divided into two groups according to whether they survived to hospital discharge or not. Results During the investigation period, 790 patients were enrolled as subjects (Death group, n = 34; survival group, n = 756). The injury severity score, serum glucose level, prothrombin time, international normalized ratio and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation product level in the Death group were significantly greater than those in the Survival group. A multivariate analysis showed that the fibrin/fibrinogen degradation product level was a significant predictor of a fatal outcome (odds ratio 1.00, 95% confidence interval 1.0008-1.0040, p value = 0.0008). Conclusions The fibrin/fibrinogen degradation product levels on arrival may be a better predictor of a fatal outcome in trauma patients than physiological or anatomical severity.
Rapid test detection of anti-infliximab antibodies: performance comparison with three different immunoassays
Authors: Rocha Cátia , Lago Paula , Fernandes Samuel , Correia Luís , Portela Francisco , Vieira Ana Isabel , Patita Marta , Arroja Bruno , Ministro Paula , Alves Catarina , Dias Cláudia Camila , Magro Fernando 
Published: November 2020

Background and Aims: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of infliximab (IFX) and anti-infliximab antibodies (ATIs) is essential for treatment optimisation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. The aim of this study was to estimate and compare the agreement and accuracy between a new rapid test and three established enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to quantify ATIs levels, and to evaluate the impact of exogenous IFX on the performance of these assays. Methods: We analysed 200 serum samples from 57 IBD outpatients in IFX induction or maintenance therapy at six IBD centres in Portugal. ATI levels were quantified using the rapid test Quantum Blue® (QB) Anti-Infliximab (Bühlmann) and three established ELISAs: In-House, Theradiag (Lisa Tracker Anti-Infliximab), and Immundiagnostik (IDKmonitor Infliximab). ATIs were quantified in patients’ serum samples and spiked samples with exogenous IFX, based on analytical and clinical cutoffs. Qualitative agreement and accuracy were estimated by Cohen’s kappa ( k) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: ATIs quantification with clinical cutoffs showed a slight agreement between QB rapid test and In-House [ k = 0.163 (0.051–0.276)] and Immundiagnostik [ k = 0.085 (0.000–0.177)]. Regarding IFX/ATIs status, the QB rapid test showed a substantial agreement with Theradiag [ k = 0.808 (0.729–0.888)] and a fair agreement with In-House [ k = 0.343 (0.254–0.431)] and Immundiagnostik [ k = 0.217 (0.138–0.297)]. The QB rapid test could not detect ATI-positive levels in samples with exogenous IFX at 5–300 µg/ml. Interference on ATIs detection was observed at exogenous IFX ⩾30 µg/ml for In-house and Immundiagnostik assays. Conclusion: QB rapid test is only suitable to detect ATI-positive levels in the absence of IFX.
Tumour‐stroma ratio has poor prognostic value in nonpedunculated T1 colorectal cancer: A multicentre case‐cohort study
Authors: Dang Hao , van Pelt Gabi W. , Haasnoot Krijn J. C. , Backes Yara , Elias Sjoerd G. , Seerden Tom C. J. , Schwartz Matthijs P. , Spanier Bernhard W. M. , de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel Wouter H. , van Bergeijk Jeroen D. , Kessels Koen , Geesing Joost M. J. , Groen John N. , Borg Frank ter , Wolfhagen Frank H. J. , Seldenrijk Cornelis A. , Raicu Mihaela G. , Milne Anya N. , van Lent Anja U. G. , Brosens Lodewijk A. A. , Johan A. Offerhaus G. , Siersema Peter D. , Tollenaar Rob A. E. M. , Hardwick James C. H. , Hawinkels Lukas J. A. C. , Moons Leon M. G. , Lacle Miangela M. , Mesker Wilma E. , Boonstra Jurjen J. ,   the Dutch T1 CRC Working Group
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrent risk stratification models for early invasive (T1) colorectal cancer are not able to discriminate accurately between prognostic favourable and unfavourable tumours, resulting in over‐treatment of a large (>80%) proportion of T1 colorectal cancer patients. The tumour‐stroma ratio (TSR), which is a measure for the relative amount of desmoplastic tumour stroma, is reported to be a strong independent prognostic factor in advanced‐stage colorectal cancer, with a high stromal content being associated with worse prognosis and survival. We aimed to investigate whether the TSR predicts clinical outcome in patients with non‐pedunculated T1 colorectal cancer.MethodsHaematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained tumour tissue slides from a retrospective multicentre case cohort of patients with nonpedunculated surgically treated T1 colorectal cancer were assessed for TSR by two independent observers who were blinded for clinical outcomes. The primary end point was adverse outcome, which was defined as the presence of lymph node metastasis in the resection specimen or colorectal cancer recurrence during follow‐up.ResultsAll 261 patients in the case cohort had H&E slides available for TSR scoring. Of these, 183 were scored as stroma‐low, and 78 were scored as stroma‐high. There was moderate inter‐observer agreement κ = 0.42). In total, 41 patients had lymph node metastasis, 17 patients had recurrent cancer and five had both. Stroma‐high tumours were not associated with an increased risk for an adverse outcome (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.37–1.18; p = 0.163).ConclusionsOur study emphasises that existing prognosticators may not be simply extrapolated to T1 colorectal cancers, even though their prognostic value has been widely validated in more advanced‐stage tumours.