bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical And Practical Gaps In Policy Making Process In Five Organizations
Authors: Yusof Nor Ashikin Mohamed , Asnam Sri Widias , Anas Aini Suzila , Mustapha Nur Suraya , Emran Natrah , Azman Nor Azalina 
Published: November 2020

<p><em>Policy making is an integral part of policy studies. Theoretically the process of developing a policy document is neither easy nor simple. Far from merely copying the policy provisions of other countries, the process of developing a policy document must go through specific steps and procedures commonly known as policy cycle with each cycle serves specific functions. Although bench-making study is highly encouraged, it is also preferable for policymakers to align the policy making exercise in accordance to proven theory, model, method and process. Not many know about all these processes and steps. Some very senior and seasoned policymakers even think that there is no need for them to learn and pursue knowledge in policymaking simply because they have long years of practical experiences in developing, formulating, implementing, enforcing and subsequently analyzing and evaluating policies. This article reports case studies involving five national policy documents and internal policies at several key governmental department and organizations. The findings from the study enables the researchers to make a comparison between the theory of policy making and the practice of policy making in Malaysia. The findings show that there is still a huge gap between theory and practice in policymaking and policy studies in Malaysia. There are instances where few policy makers or top management personnel choose not to follow or ignorant about the steps of policy cycles. Although policy studies might have a very bright future in Malaysia but the journey in educating relevant parties would be a long one beginning with a correct perception and willingness to change attitudes. </em></p><p> </p><strong>Keywords; <em>policy studies, policy cycle, policy making process</em></strong>
Neuronal Firing and Waveform Alterations through Ictal Recruitment in Humans
Authors: Merricks Edward M. , Smith Elliot H. , Emerson Ronald G. , Bateman Lisa M. , McKhann Guy M. , Goodman Robert R. , Sheth Sameer A. , Greger Bradley , House Paul A. , Trevelyan Andrew J. , Schevon Catherine A. 
Published: November 2020

Analyzing neuronal activity during human seizures is pivotal to understanding mechanisms of seizure onset and propagation. These analyses, however, invariably using extracellular recordings, are greatly hindered by various phenomena that are well established in animal studies: changes in local ionic concentration, changes in ionic conductance, and intense, hypersynchronous firing. The first two alter the action potential waveform, whereas the third increases the “noise”; all three factors confound attempts to detect and classify single neurons. To address these analytical difficulties, we developed a novel template-matching-based spike sorting method, which enabled identification of 1239 single neurons in 27 patients (13 female) with intractable focal epilepsy, that were tracked throughout multiple seizures. These new analyses showed continued neuronal firing with widespread intense activation and stereotyped action potential alterations in tissue that was invaded by the seizure: neurons displayed increased waveform duration (p< 0.001) and reduced amplitude (p< 0.001), consistent with prior animal studies. By contrast, neurons in “penumbral” regions (those receiving intense local synaptic drive from the seizure but without neuronal evidence of local seizure invasion) showed stable waveforms. All neurons returned to their preictal waveforms after seizure termination. We conclude that the distinction between “core” territories invaded by the seizure versus “penumbral” territories is evident at the level of single neurons. Furthermore, the increased waveform duration and decreased waveform amplitude are neuron-intrinsic hallmarks of seizure invasion that impede traditional spike sorting and could be used as defining characteristics of local recruitment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAnimal studies consistently show marked changes in action potential waveform during epileptic discharges, but acquiring similar evidence in humans has proven difficult. Assessing neuronal involvement in ictal events is pivotal to understanding seizure dynamics and in defining clinical localization of epileptic pathology. Using a novel method to track neuronal firing, we analyzed microelectrode array recordings of spontaneously occurring human seizures, and here report two dichotomous activity patterns. In cortex that is recruited to the seizure, neuronal firing rates increase and waveforms become longer in duration and shorter in amplitude as the neurons are recruited to the seizure, while penumbral tissue shows stable action potentials, in keeping with the “dual territory” model of seizure dynamics.
Combination therapy with azathioprine, cyclosporine and ketoconazole in a dog with concurrent pemphigus foliaceus and hyperadrenocorticism – Case report
Authors: Yun Taesik , Koo Yoonhoi , Kim Sanggu , Kim Hakhyun , Kim Soochong , Kang Ji-Houn , Yang Mhan-Pyo , Kang Byeong-Teck 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA 10-year-old, spayed female Shih Tzu dog presented with a history of progressive erythema and multiple crusts developing 85 days previously. The dog had been diagnosed with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) 55 days prior to presentation and was treated with oral trilostane (2.86 mg/kg, once daily) that was discontinued due to a poor response. In addition to generalised alopecia, erythematous plaques and crusts were noted on the trunk, head and footpads. Lesional impression smears revealed numerous acantholytic cells and non-degenerated neutrophils. Histopathological findings demonstrated subcorneal pustules with acantholytic cells and intact neutrophils. On the basis of these findings, we diagnosed pemphigus foliaceus (PF) with concurrent HAC. We wished to avoid glucocorticoids and, therefore, prescribed oral, once-daily azathioprine (2 mg/kg), modified cyclosporine (7 mg/kg) and ketoconazole (5 mg/kg). By day 71 post-treatment, the erythematous crusts had almost disappeared and the alopecia had improved considerably. However, by the subsequent follow-up examination on day 99, the clinical signs had reappeared due to the tapering of cyclosporine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing concurrent PF and HAC in a dog. Combination therapy with azathioprine, modified cyclosporine and ketoconazole was effective, and should be considered for dogs diagnosed with concurrent autoimmune diseases and HAC.
Bilimsel İletişimde Yeşil ve Altın Yollarda Yakınsama ve Türkiye’deki Yansımaları
Authors: Ertürk Korhan Levent , Şengül Gökhan 
Published: November 2020

Son yıllarda özellikle sosyal ağlarda bilgi dolaşımının artması, gelişmiş mobil iletişim cihazlarının yoğun kullanımı kısıtsız ve farklı ortamlarda bilgi erişim ve paylaşımını gerektirmektedir. Bu bağlamda bilimsel bulguların yer aldığı makalelerin geniş kitlelere ve diğer bilim insanlarının erişimine açılması; hem bilimsel eserin doğruluk ve güvenirliğini artırmaya yardımcı olmakta, hem de bilimsel verinin paylaşılmasını ve dolayısı ile de bilimsel gelişimi olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. Yaklaşık on yıldır bu amaca açık erişim insiyatifi katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu amaçla kendi kendine arşivleme (yeşil yol) ve açık erişim dergisi (altın yol) bilimsel çalışmaların bilim topluluğuna sunulmasında yeni yöntemler olarak takdim edilmiştir.
Bu çalışmada; uluslararası alanda yeşil ve altın yollar üzerinde ortaya konan kurallar irdelenmiş, yazar ve yayıncılarının oluşan iklime uyumluluğu sorgulanmış ve Türkiye adresli kurumsal arşiv ve dergilerin ortaya çıkan durum karşısında konumları üzerine bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Çalışma esnasında Ulrich Süreli Yayın Rehberi, Thomson Reuters (ISI) Bilimsel Web (Web of Science - WoS) ve Elsevier Scopus uluslararası ticari atıf veri tabanları, RoMEO, Juliet, ve ROARMAP telif politikası rehberleri, OpenDOAR, ROAR kurumsal arşiv rehberleri ve DOAJ açık erişim dergisi rehberi ile ULAKBİM ulusal veri tabanları incelenmiştir.
Technical Competencies of Medical and Health Librarians in a Library 2.0 Environment
Authors: Yap Joseph M. 
Published: November 2020

This study determined the acquired knowledge, perceptions and attitudes of medical and health librarians in the Philippines on the impact of Library 2.0. The study verified the level of awareness and revealed the gaps among medical and health librarians in the use, creation and adaptation of Library 2.0 tools especially in informing, educating and empowering their users. It also recognized which technology is more common to Health Science Librarians, Library 1.0 or Library 2.0, in the time of abrupt technological changes. Furthermore, the study evaluated if the librarians have learned from the previous seminars conducted by MAHLAP (or from other library organizations) on the topic of emerging technologies and Web 2.0 through demonstration of applied skills as referred by the indicators set by technical competencies for health librarians.
The study had surveyed 43 health and medical librarians in the Luzon area. Two kinds of questionnaires were sent out. First is for the off icers of the Medical and Health Librarians Association of the Philippines and second is for the medical and health librarians. The first survey will determine if they allow the researcher to use MAHLAP as its collaborator for the study. The second survey is for MAHLAP members listed in the 2009 online directory.
The research introduced the draft technical competencies prepared for the medical and health librarians in the Philippines and its importance for a national and coordinated staff development program that is geared towards the improvement of their skills and knowledge that is relevant to the current demands of the library users and services.
Oto są baranki młode – an extraordinary paschal journey
Authors: Ryan Fergus Michael Timothy 
Published: November 2020

Oto są baranki młode is a popular religious song born in the renewed liturgical and pastoral activity of Dominican friars in Kraków in the early 1990s. The sources of the music and text are explored here, beginning with a long responsory at the end of the first millennium, through new text and music in France about 1900, to another textual variant at Tyniec in 1960 and finally new music at Kraków. Text and Dominican music combine to build a religious song with intense paschal overtones celebrating the reception of Baptism and the Eucharist. The author compares the generation of the Dominican mix of text and musical motifs favourably with the earliest Sung Propers of the Roman Mass.
Rola biskupa w Kościele: pasterz czy tylko zarządca? Punkty sporne i perspektywy zmian
Authors: Wąsek Damian , Głowacz Paweł 
Published: November 2020

The article is an attempt to answer the question: Where is the pastoral dimension of religious service of bishops dominated by their managerial tasks and how may this be changed? Four of these modifications have been highlighted. Firstly, it is necessary to get away from the practice of the bishop’s nomination, where is a place just for managers. I particularly have in mind the Roman Curia and Apostolic Nunciature. Secondly, we need to intensify a process of decentralization of competences in ecclesiastical structures – transferring a maximal number of rights from Rome to local churches. Thirdly, the pastoral function of bishops will be emphasized if there were not any auxiliary bishops but only one pastor in a diocese. Fourthly, it is necessary to improve the process of communication between bishops and lay people in the cases of canonical visitations and pastoral letters.
Entropia residencial en suelo rústico de Badajoz y su gestión local contemporánea = Residential entropy in the rural land of Badajoz and its local contemporary management
Authors: Jiménez Barrado Víctor 
Published: November 2020

Los procesos de contraurbanización son uno de los vectores de transformación territorial más importantes. En España los marcos regulatorios en materia urbanística han sido reacios a integrar este tipo de avance de lo urbano sobre lo rural. En parte por ello, durante las últimas cuatro décadas una fracción importante del desarrollo residencial de Badajoz ha ido más allá de los límites urbanos y la ley. Nuestra hipótesis defiende que la Administración local ha gestionado tardía y deficientemente este hecho, lo que ha provocado su elevada magnitud y dificultado su encauzamiento legal. Por esta razón, los objetivos principales son localizar, cuantificar y datar los asentamientos irregulares construidos en el exterior del núcleo principal y sus pedanías, así como caracterizar la (in)acción administrativa en relación con un desorden urbanístico ampliamente conocido. Primero, se ha georreferenciado y vectorizado el planeamiento urbanístico municipal y detectado las viviendas gracias a las series históricas de fotografía aérea. Seguidamente, se examinan todas las medidas ideadas o aplicadas para atender a este fenómeno. Los resultados muestran un importante crecimiento residencial y un déficit en su gestión urbanística local. Esto nos lleva a concluir que la pasividad administrativa ha sido imprescindible para alcanzar el actual estado de provisionalidad legal y entropía urbanística en Badajoz. Por último, se realizan unas propuestas que ayuden a resolver el conflicto.Counter-urbanization processes are one of the most important vectors of territorial transformation. Regulatory frameworks in urban planning in Spain have been reluctant to integrate this type of progress from urban to rural. Partly because of this, during the last four decades a significant fraction of Badajoz's residential development has gone beyond urban limits and the law. Our hypothesis argues that the local administration has managed this fact late and poorly, which has caused its high magnitude and hindered its legalization. For this reason, the main objectives are to locate, quantify and date the informal settlements built outside the main nucleus and its districts, as well as characterize the administrative (in)action in relation to a well-known urban disorder. First, municipal urban planning has been georeferenced and vectorized and dwellings detected thanks to the historical series of aerial photography. Subsequently, all measures devised or applied to address this phenomenon are examined. The results show significant residential growth and a deficit in its local urban management. This leads us to conclude that administrative passivity has been essential to reach the current state of legal temporariness and urban entropy in Badajoz. Finally, proposals are made to help resolve the conflict.
Las tareas zoológicas de la Real Expedición Botánica del Nuevo Reino de Granada (1783-1816)
Authors: Amat-García Germán , Agudelo-Zamora Henry D. 
Published: November 2020

La literatura relacionada con las tareas zoológicas de la Expedición Botánica en el Nuevo Reino de Granada es muy escasa y, a diferencia de las labores realizadas en botánica, es indiscutible que no se produjo el mismo nivel de conocimiento. Pese a que existen registros del inventario del material zoológico neogranadino enviado a Madrid y a otros museos de Europa entre 1776 (primera remesa zoológica hecha por José Celestino Mutis) y 1816 (repatriación a España del material que había conformado la Expedición), se desconoce el destino final de la mayoría de las muestras e ilustraciones. Sin embargo, gracias a los manuscritos, cartas, diarios, actas y memorias publicadas por autores contemporáneos de la obra mutisiana, es posible reconstruir los hechos más notables de los trabajos zoológicos realizados en el marco de la Expedición Botánica (1783-1816). Aunque Mutis creó la sección de Zoología, los estudios llevados a cabo no fueron producto de un trabajo colectivo, sistemáticamente planificado, ni con grandes asignaciones de recursos físicos o financieros. En este ensayo se detallan los principales reportes zoológicos de acuerdo con la cronología de la Expedición y con base en los trabajos de José Celestino Mutis, Jorge Tadeo Lozano, FrayDiego García y Francisco José de Caldas, considerados los artífices del conocimiento faunístico en la Nueva Granada en la transición del siglo XVIII al siglo XIX. También se dan a conocer algunas especies animales registradas en los inventarios de la época, con lo que, sin lugar a dudas, se cumplieron labores importantes, como la recolección, preservación, clasificación, descripción e identificación de especímenes, con anotaciones geográficas y de comportamiento de las especies reconocidas.
Diversidad de macroinvertebrados acuáticos en el Parque Nacional Natural Selva de Florencia, Colombia
Authors: Orrego-Meza Juan Guillermo , Hernández-Cortés Isabel Cristina , Marulanda-López Jhon Faber , Rivera-Pérez Juan Mateo , Viteri-Delgado Juan Pablo , Franco-Torres Mariana , Llano-Arias Camilo Andrés , Gomes Dias Lucimar 
Published: November 2020

Los ecosistemas dulceacuícolas son una fuente primaria de servicios ecosistémicos indispensables para el sostenimiento de la vida y albergan una importante diversidad de insectos acuáticos. Dados los vacíos de información sobre la entomofauna acuática en parques nacionales, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la diversidad de insectos acuáticos del Parque Nacional Natural Selva de Florencia (PNNSF), ubicado en el noroccidente colombiano. Se recolectaron macroinvertebrados acuáticos en tres microcuencas seleccionadas del parque (La Selva, Las Mercedes y Chupaderos). Los especímenes fueron identificados y depositados en la Colección Entomológica del Programa de Biología de la Universidad de Caldas (CEBUC) y, posteriormente, se analizó su composición, riqueza y diversidad. Se recolectaron 534 individuos representados en 10 órdenes, 41 géneros y 57 morfoespecies. Todos los géneros reportados constituyen nuevos registros en el PNNSF y cuatro de las especies de Ephemeroptera son nuevas, y de estas tres aún están en proceso de descripción. La mayor riqueza y diversidad se encontraron en la quebrada La Selva, con 20 taxonesexclusivos, entre ellos, Dryops, Gyretes, Anchytarsus, Diochus, Limnocoris, Hebrus y Thraulodes,según el análisis de composición. Este estudio constituye el primer levantamiento taxonómico de macroinvertebrados acuáticos del PNNSF. Los nuevos registros y especies documentados demuestran la importancia de ampliar la investigación sobre la entomofauna acuática en la zona para así facilitar futuros estudios ecológicos (incluidos programas de biomonitoreo), sistemáticos y biogeográficos en la región.
Composición de macroinvertebrados en las provincias de Márquez y Lengupá y posible efecto de la orogénesis en su distribución
Authors: González-Tuta Angela Liceth , Gil-Padilla Luz Nidia 
Published: November 2020

La orogénesis de los Andes en Colombia modificó el paisaje y el clima ocasionando un elevamiento que provocó la interrupción de la circulación atmosférica y dando lugar a un aumento de lluvias en el flanco oriental, lo que transformó la red hidrográfica continental y aumentó la disponibilidad de nutrientes, permitiendo, a su vez, la aparición de una gran variedad de hábitats con el consecuenteaumento de la diversidad de flora y fauna en el país. El levantamiento de las cordilleras promovió la vicarianza ecológica al favorecer el aislamiento genético y la especiación, lo cual explica parcialmente los patrones de acumulación de biodiversidad como parte importante en los procesos tróficos de los sistemas. En este contexto, en el periodo de 2011 a 2012 se recolectaron en sitios puntuales en 10 quebradas de las provincias de Márquez y Lengupá en el centro-sur de Boyacá para conocer la composición de macroinvertebrados del flanco oriental de la Cordillera Oriental y establecer las diferencias en los grupos presentes con respecto a las otras dos cordilleras colombianas; se tomaron muestras semicuantitativas con red de pantalla de 500 μm, los especímenes se fijaron en campo con alcohol etílico al 96 % y, posteriormente, se preservaron en el laboratorio en alcohol etílico al 70 %. La identificación taxonómica se llevó al menor nivel taxonómico posible. Según los resultados, las subfamilias Orthocladiinae y Tanypodinae y el género Hyalella fueron los más abundantes, y s registraron los géneros Grumichella y Polycentropus no reportados antes en la cordilleras Central y Occidental, lo que evidencia una diferenciación, aunque no se puede concluir que sean endemismos porque el nivel taxonómico alcanzado en la mayoría de los trabajos no permite saber si se trata de las mismas especies, por lo que debe avanzarse hacia un nivel más específico.
Influence of the Youth’s Psychological Capital on Social Anxiety during the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak: The Mediating Role of Coping Style
Authors: LI Dongmei 
Published: November 2020

Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak has led to travel bans and restricted social contact. Sudden decrease of social activities can easily trigger social anxiety, especially for community youths. Existing studies have inconclusive results regarding whether the development of youths’ social anxiety can be predicted by psychological capital. This study aims to clarify the influence mechanisms of psychological capital and coping style on social anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak.
Methods: Overall 600 community youths with ages of 18–22 yr in Northeast China were randomly selected and voluntarily answered the online questionnaire survey in Mar 2020. General information questionnaire form, positive psychological capital questionnaire, social interaction anxiety scale, and simple coping style questionnaire were used to obtain the participants’ information.
Results: Psychological capital has a medium negative correlation with social anxiety, low positive correlation with positive coping (r = −0.42, 0.38), and low negative correlation with negative coping (r = −0.19). Social anxiety is negatively correlated with positive coping to a small degree and positively correlated with negative coping at a medium level (r = −0.16, 0.43). Positive coping has a low positive correlation with negative coping (r = 0.13). Positive coping and negative coping play partial mediating roles between psychological capital and social anxiety, with mediating effect values of −0.03 and 0.01, respectively.
Conclusion: Youth’s psychological capital is closely associated with coping style and social anxiety. In addition to its direct bearing on social anxiety, psychological capital influences social anxiety through the mediating effect of coping style.