bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON INTERFERENCE AMONG TREES IN A PLANTATION OF ALTINGIA EXCELSA
Authors: SAKAI KAN-ICHI 
Published: October 2019

AÂ studyÂ was made withÂ theÂ useÂ ofÂ aÂ 50-yearÂ oldÂ AltingiaÂ excelsa NoronhaÂ plantation withÂ 260 standing trees for separating components of density and intraspecific competition. A component of density effectÂ causes overall decreaseÂ in growth whileÂ that ofÂ competitionÂ resultsÂ in aÂ contrastingÂ effectÂ in growth between any pair of neighboring trees. To detect this density effect, it is most appropriate to use an area of ca. 100 m2Â irrespective of the experimental area, e.g. circular or quadratic. Competition effect cannot be detected when two individuals are apart more than two meters. An application of the density and competitive ability to tree breeding is briefly mentioned.
SOILS FROM CULTIVATED STANDS OF SHOREA JAVANICA
Authors: SKHFFINGTON M.J. SHEEHY 
Published: October 2019

Soils from Shorea javanica plantations in different parts of Lampung province, South Sumatra were sampled to a depth of 50 cm and described. They variedÂ from quite deep loamy alkaline soils near Krui, to sticky acid clays behind Ngaras. The cation content of most samples was quite high, but organic nutrients were low, suggesting volcanic origin ofÂ the soils. Preliminary observations ofÂ performance in situ of S. javanica would suggest a requirement for deep loamy, fairly alkaline soils with a moderately high exchangeable cation content for optimal yield and performance.
IV. STORAGE AND GERMINATION TESTS ON SHOREA JAVANICA SEEDS
Authors: UMBOH M.I.J. 
Published: October 2019

SeedsÂ ofÂ ShoreaÂ javanicaÂ KÂ &Â VÂ (Dipterocarpaceae),Â wereÂ subjectedÂ toÂ differentÂ treatmentsÂ of temperature (27 Â± 2Â°C, 20 Â± 2Â°C and < 10Â°C), coating (ash and paraffin) and relative humidity (20, 66 and 86%) and their germination capability as well as moisture content assessed after 3, 7, 14 and 30 days of storage. The germination percentage ofÂ the seeds stored 30 daysÂ in aÂ cloth bag under differentÂ conditions of temperature showed highly significant differencesÂ (a = 0.01). No significant differences wereÂ found onÂ the effect of coating, duration of storage as well as on the interaction between these two factors. The moisture content of the seeds between 13 and 14% gave a germination percentage above 50% after 30 days.Â Â
THE PERFORMANCE OF SOYBEAN (c.v. Americana) ESTABLISHED BY ZERO TILLAGE TECHNIQUE IN IMPERATA FIELD CONTROLLED BY HERBICIDES
Authors: TJITROSEMITO SOEKISMAN 
Published: October 2019

AÂ fieldÂ experimentÂ wasÂ conductedÂ toÂ investigateÂ the performanceÂ ofÂ soybeanÂ (c.v.Â Americana)Â when established with zero tillage technique on Imperata dominated area. Four different techniques of alang-alang controlÂ i.e.Â imazapyrÂ (20Â kgÂ ai/ha),Â glyphosateÂ (25Â kgÂ ai/ha),Â glufosinateÂ (3.0Â kgÂ ai/ha)Â andÂ manual cultivation were arranged factorially with time of plantings i.e. 1,2 and 3 months after treatments. TheÂ alang-alangÂ damagesÂ variedÂ withÂ herbicidesÂ andÂ times,Â imazapyrÂ (20Â kgÂ ai/ha) showed slow appearance of damage at 3 months after application it was only 69%, while that of glufosinate was already down to 48% due to regrowth. No phytotoxicity was recorded, but the yield was low.
STUDIES ON NATURAL PRODUCTS OF ALBIZIA SP.
Authors: ARIFNURYADIN HILMAN AFFANDI , AFFANDI HILMAN 
Published: October 2019

The bark ofÂ Albizia lebeckioidesÂ andÂ Albizia falcatariaÂ have been examined for their chemical constituents. A. lebeckioides has yielded the steroidal ketone, stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one, and a triterpene alcohol as the major neutral components.Â A. falcatariaÂ has yielded a similar triterpeneÂ and fatty ester as its major constituents. The toxicity of the compounds was evaluated in bioassay against termites. The results showed that lupenone and stigmastadienone were toxicÂ ioNeotermes dalbergiaeÂ species. In contrast these compounds were less toxic to Cryptotermes cynocephalus species. Key words: Insecticidal plants / Albizia lebeckioides I Albizia falcataria I Bark / Extracts / Chemical constituents / Toxicity / Termites
SCREENING FOR NATURAL PRODUCTS OF SHOREA Spp. AND ANISOPTERA Spp. OF THE FAMILY DIPTEROCARPACEAE FROM PASIR MAYANG, JAMBI, SUMATERA
Authors: AFFANDi HILMAN , NURYADIN ARIF , PRAYOGA SUSILO B. 
Published: October 2019

Screening of 12 species ofÂ ShoreaÂ and 2 species ofÂ AnisopteraÂ from the forest of Pasir Mayang, Jambi with brine shrimp (Anemia salina) lethality bioassay showed that Shorea gibosa and Anisoptera marginataÂ have sufficient activity for further investigation. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the active extract ofÂ S. gibosaÂ led to the isolation of stigmasterol and the shoreaphenol. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the active extract of A. marginata resulted in the isolation of lupenone and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid O-p-C glucopyranoside as the bioactive compound. Key words: Plant natural products/Sftorea gibosalAnisoptera marginatalActive extracts/Bioassay/Pasir Mayang.
THE EFFECTS OF a-CHLOROHYDRIN ON THE GESTATION OF THE WISTAR RAT (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: RAHMANIAH RAHMANIAH 
Published: October 2019

The investigation of the effects of a-chlorohydrin on the gestation of the wistar rat has been carried out to determine whether a-chlorohydrin could interfere with the gestation of the rat and gestation period for optimal sensitivity. Alpha-chlorohydrin was administered by gavage to three different groups of pregnant rats, namely on the first (pre-implantation period), sixth (early post-implantation period) or fourteenth (late post-implantation period) gestation day, at a single dose of 62.5; 75 and 90 mg/kg body weight. Rats were sacrificed onÂ the IS* gestation day. Number of implantations, gestation loss and post-implantation mortality were recorded. The results revealed that 75 and 90 mg/kg body weight of a-chlorohydrin significantly interfered with all the gestation periods used. For the pre-implantation group, a-chlorohydrin decreased significantly the implantation number, but increased the gestation loss as well as the post-implantation mortality compared to the control groups. For the early post-implantation and late post-implantation groups, a-chlorohydrin caused a significant increase in post-implantation mortality compared to the control groups. From these results it is concluded that a-chlorohydrin at 75 and 90 mg/kg body weight influences the gestation of the wistar rat administered during the pre-implantation period as the most sensitive gestation period. Key wordsÂ : a-chlorohydrin//tattu? norvegi'ctu/rat/pre-implantation/early post-implantation/late post-implantation/implantation/gestation loss/post-implantation mortality.
MORPHOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF THREE ASIAN NATIVE HONEY BEES (APIS CERANA, A. DORSATA, A. FLOREA) IN NORTHERN VIETNAM AND THAILAND
Authors: NIEM N.V. , TRUNG L. Q. 
Published: October 2019

Three species of Asian native honey beesÂ (Apis cerana, A. florea and A. dorsata)Â from northern Vietnam and Thailand were morphologically analyzed for investigations on their geographic variations and relations. In Vietnam, samples were collected from feral and managed colonies. In Thailand, the collections were from feral colonies or from field bees on flowers. Morphological analysis was carried out, using measurements common to honeybee taxonomy. Measured characters were done under stereomicroscope with an ocular micrometer. ANOVAÂ program and multivariate statistical analyses were applied for treating the data. Overall,Â A. ceranaÂ populations in northern Vietnam are significantly morphologically different than from those in Thailand. It may be due to their different geographic locations between the Thai and Vietnamese populations of A. cerana. A. florea bees from Vietnam are generally bigger in size than those from Thailand, but the differences are uncertain. In contrast, the body size of A. dorsata populations from Thailand are bigger than those from Vietnam. However, these differences are also not significant. It is necessary to take further comparative investigations of these bee species from both countries. Key words: Honey bee/Apis cerana/Apis dorsata/ApisJlorea/moif>ho\ogy
Memory Pattern Identification for Feedback Tracking Control in Human–Machine Systems
Authors: Martínez-García Miguel , Zhang Yu , Gordon Timothy 
Published: October 2019

Objective The aim of this paper was to identify the characteristics of memory patterns with respect to a visual input, perceived by the human operator during a manual control task, which consisted in following a moving target on a display with a cursor. Background Manual control tasks involve nondeclarative memory. The memory encodings of different motor skills have been referred to as procedural memories. The procedural memories have a pattern, which this paper sought to identify for the particular case of a one-dimensional tracking task. Specifically, data recorded from human subjects controlling dynamic systems with different fractional order were investigated. Method A finite impulse response (FIR) controller was fitted to the data, and pattern analysis of the fitted parameters was performed. Then, the FIR model was further reduced to a lower order controller; from the simplified model, the stability analysis of the human–machine system in closed-loop was conducted. Results It is shown that the FIR model can be used to identify and represent patterns in human procedural memories during manual control tasks. The obtained procedural memory pattern presents a time scale of about 650 ms before decay. Furthermore, the fitted controller is stable for systems with fractional order less than or equal to 1. Conclusion For systems of different fractional order, the proposed control scheme—based on an FIR model—can effectively characterize the linear properties of manual control in humans. Application This research supports a biofidelic approach to human manual control modeling over feedback visual perceptions. Relevant applications of this research are the following: the development of shared-control systems, where a virtual human model assists the human during a control task, and human operator state monitoring.
Surveillance-Based Estimate of the Prevalence of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection, New York City, 2016
Authors: Moore Miranda S. , Bocour Angelica , Winters Ann 
Published: October 2019

Objectives: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a lifelong infection that can cause serious liver damage and liver cancer. The last surveillance-based prevalence estimate of chronic HBV infection in New York City was 1.2% in 2008; however, it did not account for persons with undiagnosed infection. The objective of this study was to calculate the prevalence of chronic HBV infection, including undiagnosed infection, for 2016 by using surveillance data and literature-based information. Methods: We calculated the number of persons with diagnosed chronic HBV infection (2000-2016) who were alive and living in New York City in 2016 by using routine surveillance data. We estimated the percentage of persons with undiagnosed chronic HBV infection by using birth region–specific percentages from the literature, weighted by the proportion of the New York City population with diagnosed chronic HBV infection from the same birth region. We identified minimum, maximum, and most likely values for the percentage with undiagnosed chronic HBV infection to generate 95% certainty limits (CLs) of the prevalence estimate. Results: The prevalence of chronic HBV infection in 2016, including undiagnosed infection, in New York City was 2.7% (95% CL, 2.2%-3.6%), representing approximately 230 000 persons. The prevalence of diagnosed chronic HBV infection was 1.5%. The estimated prevalence among non–US-born residents was 6.9% (95% CL, 5.4%-8.9%). Conclusions: The current burden of chronic HBV infection in New York City, especially for non–US-born residents, is substantial. A renewed focus and dedication of resources is required to increase the number of new diagnoses and improve provider capacity to care for the large number of persons with chronic HBV infection.
Optical fiber-based sensors as an experimental tool to assess the weft and warp yarn tension beam-to-roll in rapier weaving machines
Authors: De Pauw Ben , Berghmans Francis , Thienpont Hugo , Verdiere Piet , Geernaert Thomas 
Published: October 2019

High cycle rates are important in commercial weaving machines to maximize productivity. Faster operation, however, can lead to higher tension on the yarns, which in turn increases the occurrence of yarn breakage and thus machine interruptions. Significant work has therefore been conducted to improve the many weaving machine components with the goal to attain higher production rates without increasing the yarn loads. Quantifying the impact of such improvements is not always possible using conventional, indirect measurement techniques. In addition, these techniques are limited to locations with sufficient access to the yarn to mount a sensor, typically between the warp beam and the first harness. In this paper, we show that the use of optical fiber-based sensors allows directly measuring the yarn tension in both the warp and weft directions in the region from the warp beam to the fabric rolls in rapier-type weaving machines. To do so, we replaced one warp and one weft yarn with an optical fiber equipped with strain sensors and measured strain throughout the subsequent weaving process. The small diameter of the optical fiber allowed minimizing our intrusion on the weaving operation. Our main observations are four-fold. Firstly, we demonstrated how the strain on the warp yarns evolves during the weaving cycle and we used this to focus on the beat-up phase for a low weaving resistance situation. Secondly, we monitored the warp yarn tension between the warp beam and the fabric rolls. Thirdly, we exploited the multiplexing capability of the optical fiber sensors to obtain a tension distribution along the width of the fabric in the weft direction between the reed to the fabric roll. Fourthly, we observed and identified the different phases of a yarn insertion (weft-wise) in a double rigid rapier machine.
The Femoral Footprint Position of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Might Be a Predisposing Factor to a Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture
Authors: Dimitriou Dimitris , Wang Zhongzheng , Zou Diyang , Tsai Tsung-Yuan , Helmy Naeder 
Published: October 2019

Background: Although the femoral tunnel position is crucial to anatomic single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, the recommendations for the ideal femoral footprint position are mostly based on cadaveric studies with small sample sizes, elderly patients with unknown ACL status, and 2-dimensional techniques. Furthermore, a potential difference in the femoral ACL footprint position and ACL orientation between ACL-ruptured and ACL-intact knees has not been reported in the literature. Hypothesis: The femoral ACL footprint position and ACL orientation vary significantly between ACL-ruptured and matched control ACL-intact knees. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Magnetic resonance images of the knees of 90 patients with an ACL rupture and 90 matched control participants who had a noncontact knee injury without an ACL rupture were used to create 3-dimensional models of the femur and tibia. The ACL footprints were outlined on each model, and their positions (normalized to the lateral condyle width) as well as ACL orientations were measured with an anatomic coordinate system. Results: The femoral ACL footprint in patients with an ACL rupture was located at 36.6% posterior and 11.2% distal to the flexion-extension axis (FEA). The ACL orientation was 46.9° in the sagittal plane, 70.3° in the coronal plane, and 20.8° in the transverse plane. The ACL-ruptured group demonstrated a femoral ACL footprint position that was 11.0% more posterior and 7.7% more proximal than that of the control group (all P < .01). The same patients also exhibited 5.7° lower sagittal elevation, 3.1° higher coronal plane elevation, and 7.9° lower transverse plane deviation (all P < .01). The optimal cutoff value of the femoral ACL footprint position to prevent an ACL rupture was at 30% posterior and 12% distal to the FEA. Conclusion: The ACL femoral footprint position might be a predisposing factor to an ACL rupture. Patients with a >30% posterior and <12% distal position of the femoral ACL footprint from the FEA might have a 51.2-times increased risk of an ACL rupture.
Informal professionalization of healthy participants in phase I clinical trials in Russia
Authors: Zvonareva Olga , Pimenov Igor , Kutishenko Natalia , Mareev Igor , Martsevich Sergey , Kulikov Evgeny 
Published: October 2019

Background: Previous social science research has shown how some healthy phase I trial participants identify themselves as workers and rely on trials as a major source of income. The term “professionalization” has been used to denote this phenomenon. Purpose: We aim to examine a component of healthy trial participants’ professionalization that has not yet been systematically studied: how repeat phase I trial participants develop and claim expertise that distinguishes them from others and makes them uniquely positioned to perform high-quality clinical trial labor. We also aim to explain the significance of these research results for protection of healthy participants in phase I trials. Methods: This qualitative exploratory study was conducted in Russia, in two phase I trial units. It involved semi-structured interviews with 28 healthy trial participants with varying lengths of experience in trials, observations of work done in trial units, and interpretive conversations with investigative staff. Results: Interviewed healthy individuals who repeatedly participate in phase I trials describe developing knowledge and skills that involve appreciating the meaning of trial procedures, coming up with techniques to efficiently follow them, organizing themselves and others in the course of a trial, and sharing tacit ways of doing trial work well with other less experienced participants. Our results suggest that a prerequisite for such expertise-centered professionalization is the emergence of a positive identity linked to seeing value in trial participation work. A crucial component of professionalization thus understood is the development of a work ethic that entails caring about results and being reliable partners for investigators. Limitations: The attitudes and behaviors presented in this article are not suggested to be universally shared among healthy trial participants, but rather represent a particular instance of professionalization that coexists with other views and tactics. Conclusions: A way of better protecting healthy trial participants begins with recognizing their skills, knowledge, and the centrality of the contribution they are making to pharmaceutical research. Currently, the expertise of experienced trial participants is recognized on the work floor only; therefore, the professionalization we described is informal. Yet, the informal professionalization process is inherently risky as it does not involve any change in the formal conditions of trial participants’ work. Instituting formal measures for protecting healthy trial participants as skilled workers combined with recognition of their expertise is essential.
Hypoglycemia Prevention via Personalized Glucose-Insulin Models Identified in Free-Living Conditions
Authors: Toffanin Chiara , Aiello Eleonora Maria , Cobelli Claudio , Magni Lalo 
Published: October 2019

Background: The objective of this research is to show the effectiveness of individualized hypoglycemia predictive alerts (IHPAs) based on patient-tailored glucose-insulin models (PTMs) for different subjects. Interpatient variability calls for PTMs that have been identified from data collected in free-living conditions during a one-month trial. Methods: A new impulse-response (IR) identification technique has been applied to free-living data in order to identify PTMs that are able to predict the future glucose trends and prevent hypoglycemia events. Impulse response has been applied to seven patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) of the University of Amsterdam Medical Centre. Individualized hypoglycemia predictive alert has been designed for each patient thanks to the good prediction capabilities of PTMs. Results: The PTMs performance is evaluated in terms of index of fitting (FIT), coefficient of determination, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient with a population FIT of 63.74%. The IHPAs are evaluated on seven patients with T1D with the aim of predicting in advance (between 45 and 10 minutes) the unavoidable hypoglycemia events; these systems show better performance in terms of sensitivity, precision, and accuracy with respect to previously published results. Conclusion: The proposed work shows the successful results obtained applying the IR to an entire set of patients, participants of a one-month trial. Individualized hypoglycemia predictive alerts are evaluated in terms of hypoglycemia prevention: the use of a PTM allows to detect 84.67% of the hypoglycemia events occurred during a one-month trial on average with less than 0.4% of false alarms. The promising prediction capabilities of PTMs can be a key ingredient for new generations of individualized model predictive control for artificial pancreas.
Reconstruction of Combined Full-Thickness Defect of the Lateral Canthus and Lateral Upper and Lower Third Eyelids With an Extended Modification of the Fricke Flap, Periosteal Flap, and Conjunctival Flap
Authors: Griffin L. Ashley , McIntyre Benjamin C. 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: The Fricke flap was originally described in 1829 as a laterally based flap from the temporal region that could be used to reconstruct potentially total lower eyelid defects. There have been a few minor modifications of this flap to allow for adjustments of the donor site scar, but none that address the sequelae of brow elevation and allow for reconstruction of a composite defect of the lateral canthus, lateral upper, and lower eyelids. We report our modification of the Fricke flap that allows for total reconstruction of these structures. Clinical Report: A 61-year-old male presented with composite defect of the lateral eyelids and canthus following resection of a basal cell carcinoma by Mohs technique. A Fricke flap was designed and modified to included elements of the above brow and below brow skin as an additional pennant flap. A “Y” shaped periosteal flap and inferior fornix conjunctival flap were also used to reconstruct the posterior lamella. Our surgical technique and follow-up are demonstrated. Discussion: Lateral eyelid and canthal reconstruction can be difficult to reconstruct with a single rotational flap from local sources. We describe our technique of modifying the Fricke flap to include an additional pennant of below brow skin that can be used to reconstruct the lateral eyelids and canthus allowing for a crisp lateral eyelid crease and acceptable donor site and aesthetic appearance. Conclusions: This is the first description of a modification of the Fricke flap that allows for total lateral eyelid and canthus reconstruction.