bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on musculoskeletal complaints and working postures in pathology specialists in Iran
Authors: Rafeemanesh Ehsan , Khoee Alireza , Niroumand Shabnam , Shirzadeh Tina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the most common causes of occupational injuries and disabilities among health care workers. This study investigates the relationship between musculoskeletal complaints and pathologist postures in laboratories.Method: In this cross-sectional study, 40 pathologists and residents were evaluated. Data was collected by Nordic questionnaire. For postural analysis, 20 minutes film was recorded while using a microscope by subjects. Posture analysis was done by the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method and their repetitive movements were scored. The data was analyzed by SPSS Version 20.Results: The mean age and duration of employment of subjects was 36.57±7.54 years and 6.50±6.30 years, respectively. Most MSDs were found in neck (65%), wrist (57.5%), upper back (50%) and lower back (47.5%). The mean RULA grand score was higher in patients with upper back and shoulder pain. A statistically significant relationship was found between the mean RULA A, the upper back pain (P=0.02) and the wrist pain (P=0.003), as well as between the mean RULA B, the neck pain (P=0.02) and the lower back pain (P=0.05). The results showed a significant relationship between duration of employment and weekly work hours.Conclusion: This study revealed high prevalence of MSDs among the pathologists. Therefore, performing ergonomic corrective actions is essential in order to improve their physical conditions at work.
A fundamental viewpoint on the hydrogen spillover phenomenon of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Li Jiayuan , Hu Jun , Zhang Mingkai , Gou Wangyan , Zhang Sai , Chen Zhong , Qu Yongquan , Ma Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Hydrogen spillover phenomenon of metal-supported electrocatalysts can significantly impact their activity in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, design of active electrocatalysts faces grand challenges due to the insufficient understandings on how to overcome this thermodynamically and kinetically adverse process. We theoretically profile that the interfacial charge accumulation induced by the large work function difference between metal and support (∆Φ) and sequentially strong interfacial proton adsorption construct a high energy barrier for hydrogen transfer. Theoretical simulations and control experiments rationalize that small ∆Φ induces interfacial charge dilution and relocation, thereby weakening interfacial proton adsorption and enabling efficient hydrogen spillover for HER. Experimentally, a series of Pt alloys-CoP catalysts with tailorable ∆Φ showed a strong ∆Φ-dependent HER activity, in which PtIr/CoP with the smallest ∆Φ = 0.02 eV delivered the best HER performance. These findings have conclusively identified ∆Φ as the criterion in guiding the design of hydrogen spillover-based binary HER electrocatalysts.
Responsiveness to high intensity interval training depends on insulin sensitivity and protein content and composition of small extracellular vesicles
Authors: Apostolopoulou Maria , Mastrototaro Lucia , Hartwig Sonja , Pesta Dominik , Strassburger Klaus , Filippo Elisabetta de , Jelenik Tomas , Karusheva Yanislava , Gancheva Sofiya , Markgraf Daniel , Herder Christian , Nair Sreekumar , Lehr Stefan , Müssig Karsten , Al-Hasani Hadi , Szendroedi Julia , Roden Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
High intensity interval training (HIIT) improves cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), but its impact on metabolism remains unclear. We hypothesized that 12-week HIIT improves insulin sensitivity in people with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D, NDM). However, despite identically improved VO2max, mainly insulin-resistant persons (T2D, IR NDM) responded with improved insulin sensitivity and circulating small extracellular vesicles (SEV), along with reduced myocellular protein kinase Cε activity (T2D) or inflammation (IR NDM). These changes related to the SEV proteome, characterized by downregulated phospholipase C pathway (T2D) and upregulated antioxidant capacity (IR NDM). Thus, SEV cargo likely contributes to modulating exercise responsiveness in humans.
Microstructural differences of fibrin and self-assembling peptide hydrogels in dental pulp stem cell behavior: the effect of chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose
Authors: EzEldeen Mostafa , Toprakhisar Burak , Murgia Denise , Smisdom Nick , Deschaume Olivier , Bartic Carmen , Pereira Rafaela Vaz Sousa , Opdenakker Ghislain , Lambrichts Ivo , Bronckaers Annelies , Jacobs Reinhilde , Patterson Jennifer , Oosterwyck Hans Van 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Tailored hydrogels mimicking the native extracellular environment could aid in overcoming the high variability in regenerative endodontics outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the chemokine-binding and antimicrobial polymer, chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose (COAM), on the microstructural properties of fibrin and self-assembling peptide (SAP) hydrogels. Further, to assess the influence of the microstructural differences between the hydrogels on the in vitro behavior of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs).Structural and mechanical characterization of the hydrogels with and without COAM was performed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to characterize their microstructure (roughness and fiber length, diameter, straightness and alignment) and by nanoindentation to measure their stiffness (elastic modulus). DPSCs were encapsulated in hydrogels with and without COAM. Cell viability and circularity was determined using confocal microscopy imaging, and proliferation was determined using DNA quantification. Inclusion of COAM did not alter the microstructure of the fibrin hydrogels at the fiber level, while affecting the SAP hydrogel microstructure (homogeneity) leading to fiber aggregation. The stiffness of the SAP hydrogels was 7-fold higher than the fibrin hydrogels. The viability and attachment of DPSCs and DNA content was significantly higher in fibrin hydrogels than in SAP hydrogels. The microstructural stability after COAM inclusion and the favorable DPSCs’ response observed in fibrin hydrogels suggest this system as a promising carrier for COAM and for application in endodontic regeneration.
Prevalence And Determinants of Unintended Pregnancy Among Female High School Students in Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Erreso Amana , Adem Aliye , Gurara Abenet , Amare Yirga 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Unintended pregnancy which ends up majorly with induced abortion is the leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity around the globe. Youths are more prone to unintended pregnancy because of the rising level of premarital sexual practice across all parts of the world. This raising level of premarital sex can be partly explained by the fact that youths face various problems in regulating fertility through the use of modern contraceptives. Lack of information, socio-cultural, economic barriers in accessing contraceptives, violence as well as socio-cultural beliefs impede major role in preventing unintended pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancy among female high school students of Arsi Zone. METHODOLOGY: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted between February and August 2018 G. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to reach 830 respondents. A bivariate analysis was carried out to examine the relationship between unintended pregnancy and explanatory variables. Variables that were statistically significant (with p-value <0.05) at the bivariate level were included in the multivariate logistic regression to control confounding factors and determine the independent determinants of unintended pregnancy among high school students. RESULT: Forthy five (30%) of the respondents reported that they were pregnant at the time of the study period. Of the study participants who had been pregnant, 28(62.22%) students got their pregnancy at the age of 16 and 17; and 6(13.33%) got pregnant at the age of 18 and 19. Age at first sexual intercourse, using contraceptive methods, drinking alcohol, chewing kchat, lack of knowledge, and failure to discuss reproductive health information with families were significant predictors of unintended pregnancy. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of unintended pregnancy among the study participants is high (29.3%), and almost all were ended up with abortion. Most reasons reported for having unwanted pregnancy were that they were still in school and they don’t have money to take care of their baby. Keywords: Prevalence, Untended pregnancy, Arsi Zone
Inlammatory Pseudotumor-Like Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma: Imaging Features Andradiologic-Pathologic Correlation
Authors: Xu Lingbin , Ge Rong , Gao Shanshan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (IPT-like FDCS) is a rare type of tumor. The purpose of this study is to reveal the radiological characteristics of IPT-like FDCS by radiologic-pathologic correlation.Results: We analyzed two cases of IPT-like FDCS in liver, nine cases in spleen, and two cases in both liver and spleen concomintantly. IPT-like FDCS presented as well-defined iso- or hypodense masses on unenhanced CT images in both liver and spleen. Hyperintensities on T1-weighted images and hypointensities on T2-weighted images with hypointense rings were characteristic features in splenic cases. “Halo signs” were observed in two out of three liver tumors. Hepatic lesions showed significant enhancement, whereas splenic lesions showed only mild enhancement. Delayed annular enhancement was observed in both liver and spleen cases. On ultrasonographic examinations, IPT-like FDCS presented as hypoechoic lesions with enhancement similar to that observed in CT. Hyaline fibrous pseudocapsules, which correlated with hypointensities on T2-weighted images, were microscopically observed at the tumor edge. IPT-like FDCS was characterized by an abundance of small blood vessels and capillaries. Capillaries were also found in the fibrous capsule of some IPT-like FDCSs, which may explain the delayed annular enhancement.Conclusion: The manifestations of IPT-like FDCS in the liver and spleen showed differences that warrant they be approached differently during diagnosis. Characteristic radiological findings of IPT-like FDCS included different enhancement patterns between liver and spleen tumors and rim-like hypointensities on T2-weighted images, as well as annular enhancement, on CT and MR images. These imaging features correlated with tumor pathology.
Surgical Outcomes of Transverse Acetabular Fractures and Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes
Authors: Jang Jae Hoon , Moon Nam Hoon , Rhee Seung Joon , Jung Seok Jin , Ahn Tae Young 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Transverse acetabular fractures, although classified as elementary, have been considered to have worse outcomes than other types of acetabular fractures. Prognostic factors for this type of fracture are not clearly established. The purpose of this study was to assess the surgical outcomes of transverse acetabular fractures and subtypes thereof and to investigate the prognostic factors.Methods: Between 2014 and 2019, 39 patients (39 hips) had transverse fractures or subtypes thereof. We reviewed the surgical outcomes and investigated patient factors, injury factors, and surgical factors in relation to osteoarthritis (OA) and conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA). Additionally, we analyzed the cutoff values for postoperative residual gaps and steps.Results: Twenty-three male patients and 16 female patients with a mean age of 41.7 years (range, 18–78 years) were included. There were 29 satisfactory reductions (74.4%). Eleven hips (28.2%) developed OA. Five (12.8%) of them underwent THA. Dome impaction (odds ratio [OR], 41.173; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.804–939.814; P=0.020) and residual gaps (OR, 4.251; 95% CI, 1.248–14.479; P=0.021) were correlated with poor outcomes. Residual gaps (≥3 mm) and residual steps (≥1 mm) were significantly associated with OA.Conclusion: Relatively poor reduction were found for transverse acetabular fractures and subtypes thereof. However, the rates of OA and conversion to THA were not high. Dome impaction and wide residual gaps were identified as risk factors for poor outcomes. The development of OA significantly increased if the residual gap and step were more than 3 mm and 1 mm, respectively.
Solar-to-hydrogen peroxide conversion of photocatalytic carbon dots with anthraquinone: Unveiling the dual role of surface functionalities
Authors: Gu Minsu , Lee Do-Yeon , Mun Jinhong , Kim Dongseok , Cho Haein , Lee Geunsik , Kim Byeong-Su , Kim Hyoung-il 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Solar-driven photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) requires only sunlight, oxygen, and water, making it a green and sustainable alternative to conventional H2O2 production processes. We present photocatalytic carbon dots (CDs) as a new candidate for high-performance H2O2 production. Owing to the generation of an excellent charge carrier and the presence of various oxygen-containing functional groups, CDs showed an outstanding H2O2 production capability of 609.4 μmol g-1 h-1 even in the absence of an electron donor, demonstrating promising self-electron-donating capabilities. Hydroxyl groups on their surface, in particular, serve a dual role as photocatalytic active sites and as electron and proton donors toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The photocatalytic activity of CDs was significantly improved to 1187.8 μmol g-1 by functionalizing their surfaces with anthraquinone (AQ) as a co-catalyst; it promoted the charge carrier separation and electrochemically favors the two-electron pathway of ORR. These carbon-based metal-free nanohybrids that are a unique combination of CDs and AQ could offer insights into designing efficient photocatalysts for future solar-to-H2O2 conversion systems.
A New Pyrazolate Osmium(VI) Nitrido Complex Exhibits Anticancer Activity Through Modulating Protein Homeostasis
Authors: Ni Wen-Xiu , Huang Chengyang , Huang Wan-Qiong , Ji Peng-Chao , Song Fu-Ling , Wang Chuan-Xian , Liu Tao , Li Meiyang , Guo Hongzhi , Yu Cuicui , Huang Yong-Liang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Interest in the third-row transition metal osmium and its compounds as potential anticancer agents has grown in recent years. Here, we synthesized the osmium(VI) nitrido complex Na[OsVI(N)(tpm)2] (tpm= [5-(Thien-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]methanol) that does not have direct binding affinity to DNA. Cellular assays revealed that this new Os complex exhibited anticancer activity against cancer cell lines, cancer stem cells, and cisplatin-resistant cells. The Os complex Na[OsVI(N)(tpm)2] modulates the expression of protein transportation-associated, DNA metabolism-associated and oxidative stress-associated proteins in HepG2 cells. Perturbation of protein expression activity by the Os complex in cancer cells affects the functions of the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in high levels of cellular oxidative stress and low rates of cell survival. Moreover, it induced caspase-mediated apoptosis of HepG2 cancer cells. The study reveals a new high-valent Os complex as an anticancer agent candidate targeting cancer cell protein homeostasis.
Substrate traits govern the assembly and spatial organization of microbial community engaged in metabolic division of labor
Authors: Wang Miaoxiao , Chen Xiaoli , Nie Yong , Wu Xiao-Lei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Metabolic division of labor (MDOL) is widespread in nature, whereby a complex metabolic pathway is shared between different strains within a community for mutual benefit. However, little is known about how communities engaged in MDOL assemble and spatially organize. We hypothesized that when degradation of an organic compound is carried out via MDOL, substrate concentration and its toxicity modulate the benefit allocation between the two microbial populations, thus governing the assembly of this community. We tested this hypothesis by combining individual-based simulations with pattern formation assays using a synthetic microbial community. We found that while the frequency of the first population increases with an increase in substrate concentration, this increase is capped with an upper bound determined by the biotoxicity of the substrate. In addition, our model showed that substrate concentration and its toxicity affect levels of intermixing between strains. These predictions were quantitatively verified using an engineered system composed of two strains degrading salicylate through MDOL. Our results demonstrate that the structure of the microbial communities can be quantitatively predicted from simple environmental factors, such as substrate concentration and its toxicity, which provides novel perspectives on understanding the assembly of natural communities, as well as insights into how to manage artificial microbial systems.
Improves Symptoms and Urinary Biomarkers in Refractory Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome Patients Randomized to Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Versus Placebo
Authors: Shen Yuan Chi , Tyagi Pradeep , Lee Wei Chia , Chancellor Michael , Chuang Yao Chi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been shown to improve symptoms in patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS); however, there is a lack of objective evidence. We measured change of urinary biomarker levels in 25 patients with IC/BPS received ESWT or placebo once a week for 4 weeks. Urines were collected from participants at baseline, 4 and 12 weeks post treatment. A representative 41 inflammatory growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines in urine were measured using a MILLIPLEX immunoassay kit. Symptom bother was assessed by O’Leary-Sant symptom scores (OSS), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain.The ESWT group exhibited a significant reduction in the OSS and VAS compared to the placebo group 4 weeks post-treatment (p < 0.05), and the effects were persistent at 12 weeks. The difference in urinary markers change in ESWT vs placebo was p= 0.054 for IL4, p=0.013 for VEGF, and p= 0.039 for IL9 at 4 weeks. The change of urine biomarker was not significant in other biomarkers or all the measured proteins at 12 weeks. The current data suggest that IL4, IL9, and VEGF mediation may be involved in its pathophysiologic mechanisms and response to LESW treatment.
Frames and Counter-Frames Giving Meaning to Palliative Care and Euthanasia in the Netherlands
Authors: Gorp Baldwin Van , Olthuis Gert , Vandekeybus Anneleen , Gurp Jelle van 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Based on the case of palliative care and euthanasia in the Netherlands, this paper presents an analysis of frames and counter-frames used in the ongoing public debate about these two intertwined topics. Each (counter)frame presents a cultural theme that can act as a prism to give meaning to palliative care and/or euthanasia. Each frame comprehends a different problem definition, consequences and policy options. Typical word choices and metaphors are identified that can evoke these frames and the underlying reasoning. The frames do not belong to a specific stakeholder but a pattern can be seen in their use that is related to interests and ideology.Methods An inductive framing analysis was conducted of 2,700 text fragments taken from various Dutch newspapers, websites of stakeholders and policy documents in the period 2016-2018. After an extensive process of thematic coding, axial coding, selective coding and peer review seven frames and seven counter-frames about palliative care and euthanasia were constructed. Fifteen experts in the field of palliative and/or end-of-life care commented on the overview during a member check. Results Two frames about palliative care were constructed: the Fear of death frame, which stresses the hopeless ‘terminality’ of palliative care and the Heavy burden frame, in which palliative care is too big a responsibility for the relatives of the patient. In addition, two counter-frames were constructed: palliative care as a contributor to Quality of life and Completion. With regard to euthanasia, five frames were identified that lead to a problematising definition: Thou shalt not kill, Slippery slope, Lack of willpower, I am not God, and Medical progress. Five counter-frames offer a non-problematising definition of euthanasia in the debate: Mercy, Prevention, Triumph of reason, Absolute autonomy, and Economic utility thinking.Conclusions The debate in the Netherlands on euthanasia and palliative care is characterized by a plurality of angles that goes beyond the bipolar distinction between the pros and cons of euthanasia and palliative care. Only with an overview of all potential frames in mind can an audience truly make informed decisions. The frame matrix is not only useful for policy makers to know all perspectives when joining public debate, but also to health care workers to get into meaningful conversations with their patients and families.
Lack of pattern decorrelation in the prelimbic circuit disables social discrimination in Mecp2-deficient mice
Authors: Xu Pan , Yue Yuanlei , Su Juntao , Sun Xiaoqian , Du Hongfei , Liu Zhichao , Simha Rahul , Zeng Chen , Lu Hui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The prefrontal cortical (PFC) circuit plays a central role in processing social information. PFC dysfunction has been demonstrated in many autism-associated disorders, including Rett syndrome (RTT), which is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the X-linked gene MECP2. The prelimbic PFC is hypoactive in RTT, but the precise mechanisms underlying the social avoidance remain obscure. Here we studied MeCP2-deficient mice, using in vivo calcium imaging to record neuronal activities in the prelimbic medial PFC (mPFC) while mice chose whether to interact with an object or a fellow mouse. We found that prelimbic mPFC hypoactivity restricts the responsiveness of the circuit and limits its ability to decorrelate patterns encoding social and nonsocial stimuli. Optogenetic stimulation of the prelimbic circuit throughout the social interaction restored pattern discrimination and social interactivity. This work shows that what appears to be social avoidance is actually an inability to discriminate social from nonsocial cues.
Highly Selective Skeletal Isomerization of Cyclohexene Over Zeolite-Based Catalysts for High-Purity Methylcyclopentene Production
Authors: Song Hua , Xu Hao , Li Zhaofei , Meng Shijun , Jarvis Jack 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cyclohexene skeletal isomerization was achieved under mild conditions over rationally designed zeolite-based catalysts with high selectivity towards methylcyclopentene and satisfactory stability for multiple runs. The favorable performance was investigated, which can be attributed to unique acidic, structural and morphologic features of optimized Co/NaUZSM-5 catalyst. Further experimental data suggested that carboncationic mechanism might be followed and the reaction mainly occurs within the internal pores of zeolite structures, which was also validated by DFT study.