bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of Physalis longifolia (Solanales: Solanaceae) to Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) and ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’
Authors: Reyes Corral Cesar A , Cooper W Rodney , Horton David R , Karasev Alexander V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc), is a major pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.; Solanales: Solanaceae) as a vector of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’, the pathogen that causes zebra chip. Management of zebra chip is challenging in part because the noncrop sources of Liberibacter-infected psyllids arriving in potato remain unknown. Adding to this challenge is the occurrence of distinct genetic haplotypes of both potato psyllid and Liberibacter that differ in host range. Longleaf groundcherry (Physalis longifolia Nutt.) has been substantially overlooked in prior research as a potential noncrop source of Liberibacter-infected B. cockerelli colonizing fields of potato. The objective of this study was to assess the suitability of P. longifolia to the three common haplotypes of B. cockerelli (central, western, and northwestern haplotypes), and to two haplotypes of ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ (Liberibacter A and B haplotypes). Greenhouse bioassays indicated that B. cockerelli of all three haplotypes produced more offspring on P. longifolia than on potato and preferred P. longifolia over potato during settling and egg-laying activities. Greenhouse and field trials showed that P. longifolia was also highly susceptible to Liberibacter. Additionally, we discovered that infected rhizomes survived winter and produced infected plants in late spring that could then be available for psyllid colonization and pathogen acquisition. Results show that P. longifolia is susceptible to both B. cockerelli and ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ and must be considered as a potentially important source of infective B. cockerelli colonizing potato fields in the western United States.
Ecology and social biology of the southern three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutes matacus; Cingulata: Chlamyphoridae)
Authors: Attias N , Gurarie E , Fagan W F , Mourão G 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Basic knowledge of species biology and ecology is essential for the assessment of species conservation status and planning for efficient conservation strategies; however, this information is not always readily available. Here we use movement behavior to understand the ecology and social biology of the poorly known southern three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutes matacus). We used VHF and GPS telemetry to monitor 26 individuals from two sites in the Pantanal wetlands of Brazil. We characterized armadillo activity patterns, evaluated the relationship between sex and body mass with home range size and mean daily distance traveled, and examined home and core range overlap. Three-banded armadillos were active on average for 5.5 ± 2.8 h/day, with most of their activity concentrated in the first half of the night. Adult males were heavier and had larger home ranges than adult females. Home range size scaled positively with body mass for males, but not for females. Core ranges for females overlapped little (&lt; 1%) regardless of age, but home ranges for males overlapped both with other males (12%) and females (18%). Our data suggest that three-banded armadillos are mainly a nocturnal species. Home range and spacing patterns point to a generally asocial behavior and a polygynous or promiscuous mating system. We hope that the data generated as a result of this project will contribute to this species’ conservation in Brazil and elsewhere by guiding future management and research efforts.
Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome: Time to Collaborate
Authors: Kanthimathinathan Hari Krishnan , Scholefield Barnaby R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
There is significant variability in the names and case definition of pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Such variability leads to adverse consequences in the quest for further knowledge and management strategies. It is time to collaborate to gain consensus.
Management of a large delayed esophageal perforation in a fresh liver transplant patient with endoscopic placement of a nasopleural drainage tube—a case report
Authors: Seth Rashmi , Dubrovsky Genia , Busuttil Ronald W , Cameron Robert B 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Esophageal perforation in liver transplant recipients is a rare phenomenon. We herein report a case of an esophageal perforation due to Sengstaken–Blakemore tube in a liver-transplant recipient diagnosed 6 weeks post-transplant. A 2.5-cm mid-esophageal perforation communicating with large complex fluid collection in the pleural space was found. During endoscopy, 16Fr Salem Sump nasopleural tube (NP) was placed traversing through esophageal perforation into inferior aspect of the collection. Over the following 4 weeks, NP decompressed the cavity, allowed its closure and the tube was slowly retracted. By the end of 4 weeks, NP was removed with follow-up esophagogram showing no extravasation of contrast and a healed perforation. Hence, the esophageal perforation was successfully treated via this unique nonoperative approach without the need for major surgery. In instances of chronic leak with a stable patient, this nonoperative strategy should be considered even in immunocompromised patients.
On the absorption properties of metallic needles
Authors: Xiao C Y , Li Qi , Li Aigen , Chen J H 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Needle-like metallic particles have been suggested to explain a wide variety of astrophysical phenomena, ranging from the mid-infrared interstellar extinction to the thermalization of starlight to generate the cosmic microwave background. These suggestions rely on the amplitude and the wavelength dependence of the absorption cross-sections of metallic needles. On the absence of an exact solution to the absorption properties of metallic needles, their absorption cross-sections are often derived from the antenna approximation. However, it is shown here that the antenna approximation is not an appropriate representation, since it violates the Kramers–Kronig relation. Stimulated by the recent discovery of iron whiskers in asteroid Itokawa and graphite whiskers in carbonaceous chondrites, we call for rigorous calculations of the absorption cross-sections of metallic needle-like particles, presumably with the discrete dipole approximation. We also call for experimental studies of the formation and growth mechanisms of metallic needle-like particles as well as experimental measurements of the absorption cross-sections of metallic needles of various aspect ratios over a wide wavelength range to bound theoretical calculations.
Metric Manipulations in Post-Tonal Music
Authors: Sullivan James 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article explores the continued use of eighteenth-century metric manipulations by composers of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. These manipulations, called imbroglio, close imitation, and imitative imbroglio, are motive-driven and involve the perceptual interaction of meter, motivic parallelism, and perceptual streaming. Their defining features and local perceptual effects, which primarily involve metrical dissonance, are demonstrated in short passages by Schoenberg, Penderecki, Britten, Debussy, Webern, Barber, and Adès. Their larger form-functional and text-expressive potential is demonstrated in analyses of longer passages by Schoenberg, Webern, and Barber.
TREND-DB—a transcriptome-wide atlas of the dynamic landscape of alternative polyadenylation
Authors: Marini Federico , Scherzinger Denise , Danckwardt Sven 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) profoundly expands the transcriptome complexity. Perturbations of APA can disrupt biological processes, ultimately resulting in devastating disorders. A major challenge in identifying mechanisms and consequences of APA (and its perturbations) lies in the complexity of RNA 3′ end processing, involving poorly conserved RNA motifs and multi-component complexes consisting of far more than 50 proteins. This is further complicated in that RNA 3′ end maturation is closely linked to transcription, RNA processing and even epigenetic (histone/DNA/RNA) modifications. Here, we present TREND-DB (http://shiny.imbei.uni-mainz.de:3838/trend-db), a resource cataloging the dynamic landscape of APA after depletion of &gt;170 proteins involved in various facets of transcriptional, co- and post-transcriptional gene regulation, epigenetic modifications and further processes. TREND-DB visualizes the dynamics of transcriptome 3′ end diversification (TREND) in a highly interactive manner; it provides a global APA network map and allows interrogating genes affected by specific APA-regulators and vice versa. It also permits condition-specific functional enrichment analyses of APA-affected genes, which suggest wide biological and clinical relevance across all RNAi conditions. The implementation of the UCSC Genome Browser provides additional customizable layers of gene regulation accounting for individual transcript isoforms (e.g. epigenetics, miRNA-binding sites and RNA-binding proteins). TREND-DB thereby fosters disentangling the role of APA for various biological programs, including potential disease mechanisms, and helps identify their diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
What Are Petitions Good for? Institutional Design and Democratic Functions
Authors: Rosenberger Sieglinde , Seisl Benedikt , Stadlmair Jeremias , Dalpra Elio 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Parliamentary efforts to facilitate wider participation and specialised online platforms have made petition instruments more attractive and relevant, yet comparisons of petition instruments are rare. This article examines formalised (parliamentary petitions) and non-formalised petition instruments (online petitions) in Austria via a cluster analysis of actors and content of 600 petitions between 2011 and 2018. We find that, depending on the legal and institutional design, different petition instruments serve three different democratic functions: voice in parliament, link with constituents and public mobilisation. Complementing these results with insights from expert interviews with petitioners, the article provides also an understanding of how petition instruments affect petitioners’ motivations. Our findings yield a more nuanced picture of the motivations and functions of petition instruments.
Neural processes for live pro-social dialogue between dyads with socioeconomic disparity
Authors: Descorbeth Olivia , Zhang Xian , Noah J Adam , Hirsch Joy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
An emerging theoretical framework suggests that neural functions associated with stereotyping and prejudice are associated with frontal lobe networks. Using a novel neuroimaging technique, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), during a face-to-face live communication paradigm, we explore an extension of this model to include live dynamic interactions. Neural activations were compared for dyads of similar and dissimilar socioeconomic backgrounds. The socioeconomic status of each participant was based on education and income levels. Both groups of dyads engaged in pro-social dialectic discourse during acquisition of hemodynamic signals. Post-scan questionnaires confirmed increased anxiety and effort for high-disparity dyads. Consistent with the frontal lobe hypothesis, left dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex (DLPFC), frontopolar area and pars triangularis were more active during speech dialogue in high than in low-disparity groups. Further, frontal lobe signals were more synchronous across brains for high- than low-disparity dyads. Convergence of these behavioral, neuroimaging and neural coupling findings associate left frontal lobe processes with natural pro-social dialogue under ‘out-group’ conditions and advance both theoretical and technical approaches for further investigation.
Comparison between oral ferrous sulfate and intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in children with restless sleep disorder
Authors: DelRosso Lourdes M , Picchietti Daniel L , Ferri Raffaele 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
Recent work has identified clinical and polysomnographic features of a newly defined pediatric sleep disorder, restless sleep disorder (RSD). One of these features is low serum ferritin. In this retrospective, pilot study, we assess the response to iron supplementation. Children were given oral ferrous sulfate (FS) or intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (IV FCM).

Methods
Children 5–18 years old with a diagnosis of RSD were evaluated clinically. Serum ferritin, iron profile, and video-polysomnography were obtained at baseline. Oral or IV iron supplementation was offered as part of routine care. Oral FS was one 325 mg tablet daily or 3 mg/kg/day liquid for 3 months. IV FCM was 15 mg/kg, up to 750 mg as a single infusion. Adverse effects were assessed. Ferritin and iron profile were checked after 2–3 months. Eight weeks after FCM, the phosphorus level was checked. Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale was obtained pre- and posttreatment.

Results
A total of 15 children received oral FS and 15 IV FCM. Baseline RSD severity, age, gender, or pretreatment lab values did not differ significantly between groups. CGI-improvement median score was “minimally improved” after oral FS and “much improved” after IV FCM (effect size 1.008, p &lt; 0.023). All iron parameters were found to be significantly higher after intravenous iron treatment than oral iron, especially ferritin (effect size 3.743, p &lt; 0.00003). Adverse effects: constipation, three with FS; noncompliance, one with FS; syncope, one with FCM infusion; and hypophosphatemia, zero post-FCM.

Conclusions
In this retrospective, clinical case series, RSD responded to iron supplementation with improvement in both clinical and laboratory parameters. The response was greater with IV FCM than oral FS.
A Total-Evidence Dated Phylogeny of Echinoidea Combining Phylogenomic and Paleontological Data
Authors: Mongiardino Koch Nicolás , Thompson Jeffrey R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Phylogenomic and paleontological data constitute complementary resources for unraveling the phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of lineages, yet few studies have attempted to fully integrate them. Several unique properties of echinoids (sea urchins) make them especially useful for such synthesizing approaches, including a remarkable fossil record that can be incorporated into explicit phylogenetic hypotheses. We revisit the phylogeny of crown group Echinoidea using a total-evidence dating approach that combines the largest phylogenomic data set for the clade, a large-scale morphological matrix with a dense fossil sampling, and a novel compendium of tip and node age constraints. To this end, we develop a novel method for subsampling phylogenomic data sets that selects loci with high phylogenetic signal, low systematic biases, and enhanced clock-like behavior. Our results demonstrate that combining different data sources increases topological accuracy and helps resolve conflicts between molecular and morphological data. Notably, we present a new hypothesis for the origin of sand dollars, and restructure the relationships between stem and crown echinoids in a way that implies a long stretch of undiscovered evolutionary history of the crown group in the late Paleozoic. Our efforts help bridge the gap between phylogenomics and phylogenetic paleontology, providing a model example of the benefits of combining the two. [Echinoidea; fossils; paleontology; phylogenomics; time calibration; total evidence.]
Restricting Visual Exploration Directly Impedes Neural Activity, Functional Connectivity, and Memory
Authors: Liu Zhong-Xu , Rosenbaum R Shayna , Ryan Jennifer D 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We move our eyes to explore the visual world, extract information, and create memories. The number of gaze fixations—the stops that the eyes make—has been shown to correlate with activity in the hippocampus, a region critical for memory, and with later recognition memory. Here, we combined eyetracking with fMRI to provide direct evidence for the relationships between gaze fixations, neural activity, and memory during scene viewing. Compared to free viewing, fixating a single location reduced: 1) subsequent memory, 2) neural activity along the ventral visual stream into the hippocampus, 3) neural similarity between effects of subsequent memory and visual exploration, and 4) functional connectivity among the hippocampus, parahippocampal place area, and other cortical regions. Gaze fixations were uniquely related to hippocampal activity, even after controlling for neural effects due to subsequent memory. Therefore, this study provides key causal evidence supporting the notion that the oculomotor and memory systems are intrinsically related at both the behavioral and neural level. Individual gaze fixations may provide the basic unit of information on which memory binding processes operate.
Comprehensive microbiome and metabolome analyses reveal the physiological mechanism of chlorotic Areca leaves
Authors: Zhang Lin , Yin Xiaojian , Zhang Jiachao , Wei Yunxie , Huo Dongxue , Ma Chenchen , Chang Haibo , Cai Kun , Shi Haitao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs an important economic crop in tropical areas, Areca catechu L. affects the livelihood of millions of farmers. The Areca yellow leaf phenomenon (AYLP) leads to severe crop losses and plant death. To better understand the relationship of microbes and chlorotic Areca leaves, microbial community structure as well as its correlation with differential metabolites was investigated by high-throughput sequencing and metabolomic approaches. High-throughput sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 16S rRNA gene revealed that fungal diversity was dominated by Ascomycota and the bacterial community consisted of Proteobacteria as well as Actinobacteria. The microbiota structure on chlorotic Areca leaves exhibited significant changes based on non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis, which were attributed to 477 bacterial genera and 183 fungal genera. According to the results of the Kruskal–Wallis test, several potential pathogens were enriched on chlorotic Areca leaves. Further analysis based on metabolic pathways predicted by Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States revealed the metabolism of half-yellow leaves and yellow leaves microbiota were significantly elevated in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, partial xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism. Furthermore, 22 significantly variable metabolites in Areca leaves were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry and statistical analysis. Moreover, we further investigated the correlation between the predominant microbes and differential metabolites. Taken together, the association between AYLP and microbiome of Areca leaves was explored from the microecological perspective by omics techniques, and these findings provide new insights into possible prevention, monitoring and control of AYLP in the future.
Criteria Used for the Diagnosis of Myofascial Trigger Points in Clinical Trials on Physical Therapy
Authors: Li Lihui , Stoop Rahel , Clijsen Ron , Hohenauer Erich , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , Huang Qiangmin , Barbero Marco 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
The objective of this study was to conduct an updated systematic review of diagnostic criteria for myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) used in clinical trials of physical therapy interventions from 2007 to 2019.

Methods:
MEDLINE and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) were searched using the following MeSH keywords: “trigger points,” “trigger point,” “myofascial trigger point,” “myofascial trigger points,” “myofascial pain,” and “myofascial pain syndrome.” The MeSH keywords were combined by using Boolean operators “OR”/“AND.” All physiotherapy clinical trials including patients with musculoskeletal conditions characterized by at least 1 active MTrP or latent MTrP in any body area were selected. We pooled data from an individual criterion and criteria combinations used to diagnose MTrPs. The protocol was developed in accordance with the PRISMA-P guidelines.

Results:
Of 478 possibly relevant publications, 198 met the inclusion criteria. Of these 198 studies, 129 studies (65.1%) stated specifically the diagnostic criteria used for MTrPs in the main text, 56 studies (28.3%) failed to report any method whereby MTrP was diagnosed, and 13 studies (6.6%) adopted expert-based definitions for MTrPs without specification. Of 129 studies, the 6 criteria applied most commonly were: “spot tenderness” (n=125, 96.9%), “referred pain” (95, 73.6%), “local twitch response” (63, 48.8%), pain recognition (59, 45.7%), limited range of motion” (29, 22.5%), and “jump sign” (10, 7.8%). Twenty-three combinations of diagnostic criteria were identified. The most frequently used combination was “spot tenderness,” “referred pain,” and “local twitch response” (n=28 studies, 22%).

Conclusions:
A number of the included studies failed in properly reporting the MTrP diagnostic criteria. Moreover, high variability in the use of MTrP diagnostic was also observed. Spot tenderness, referred pain, and local twitch response were the 3 most popular criteria (and the most frequently used combination). A lack of transparency in the reporting of MTrP diagnostic criteria is present in the literature.

Registry:
This systematic review was registered under the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, PROSPERO number: CRD42018087420.
Effect of mean arterial pressure change by norepinephrine on peripheral perfusion index in septic shock patients after early resuscitation
Authors: He Huai-Wu , Liu Wang-Lin , Zhou Xiang , Long Yun , Liu Da-Wei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
The peripheral perfusion index (PI), as a real-time bedside indicator of peripheral tissue perfusion, may be useful for determining mean arterial pressure (MAP) after early resuscitation of septic shock patients. The aim of this study was to explore the response of PI to norepinephrine (NE)-induced changes in MAP.

Methods
Twenty septic shock patients with pulse-induced contour cardiac output catheter, who had usual MAP under NE infusion after early resuscitation, were enrolled in this prospective, open-label study. Three MAP levels (usual MAP −10 mmHg, usual MAP, and usual MAP +10 mmHg) were obtained by NE titration, and the corresponding global hemodynamic parameters and PI were recorded. The general linear model with repeated measures was used for analysis of variance of related parameters at three MAP levels.

Results
With increasing NE infusion, significant changes were found in MAP (F = 502.46, P < 0.001) and central venous pressure (F = 27.45, P < 0.001) during NE titration. However, there was not a significant and consistent change in continuous cardiac output (CO) (F = 0.41, P = 0.720) and PI (F = 0.73, P = 0.482) at different MAP levels. Of the 20 patients enrolled, seven reached the maximum PI value at usual MAP −10 mmHg, three reached the maximum PI value at usual MAP, and ten reached the maximum PI value at usual MAP +10 mmHg. The change in PI was not significantly correlated with the change in CO (r = 0.260, P = 0.269) from usual MAP −10 mmHg to usual MAP. There was also no significant correlation between the change in PI and change in CO (r = 0.084, P = 0.726) from usual MAP to usual MAP +10 mmHg.

Conclusions
Differing MAP levels by NE infusion induced diverse PI responses in septic shock patients, and these PI responses may be independent of the change in CO. PI may have potential applications for MAP optimization based on changes in peripheral tissue perfusion.