bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-Objective Database Queries in Combined Knapsack and Set Covering Problem Domains
Authors: Mochocki Sean , Lamont Gary , Leishman Robert , Kauffman Kyle 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Database queries are one of the most important functions of a relational database. Users are interested in viewing a variety of data representations, and this may vary based on database purpose and the nature of the stored data. The Air Force Institute of Technology has approximately 100 data logs which will be converted to the standardized Scorpion Data Model format. A relational database is designed to house this data and its associated sensor and non-sensor metadata. Deterministic polynomialtime queries were used to test the performance of this schema against two other schemas, with databases of 100 and 1000 logs of repeated data and randomized metadata. Of these approaches, the one that had the best performance was chosen as AFIT’s database solution, and now more complex and useful queries need to be developed to enable filter research. To this end, consider the combined Multi-Objective Knapsack-/Set Covering Database Query. Algorithms which address The Set Covering Problem or Knapsack Problem could be used individually to achieve useful results, but together they could offer additional power to a potential user. This paper explores the NP-Hard problem domain of the Multi-Objective KP/SCP, proposes Genetic and Hill Climber algorithms, implements these algorithms using Java, populates their data structures using SQL queries from two test databases, and finally compares how these algorithms perform.
Through the Looking Glass of Social Media. Focus on Self-Presentation and Association with Mental Health and Quality of Life. A Cross-Sectional Survey-Based Study.
Authors: Skogen Jens Christoffer , Johnsen Gunnhild Hjetland , Bøe Tormod , Hella Randi Træland , Knudsen Ann Kristin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Social media use among adolescents has been linked to mental health and well-being. However, most of the studies investigating this association focus primarily on frequency and duration of use, providing little knowledge of how various types of social media activities may be differentially linked to mental health and well-being. A recent narrative review highlighted that self-presentation may be an important factor to investigate in order to better understand the link between use of social media and well-being among adolescents. The aims of the present study were to investigate the association between focus on self-presentation on social media and mental health and quality of life among adolescents. Specifically, we aimed to investigate the overall and gender-stratified associations between self-presentation and symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as a general measure of quality of life.
Methods
This study employs a cross-sectional survey-based design. A total of 513 (56%) students enrolled at a senior high school in Norway participated. The mean age of the participants were 17.1 years (1.1 standard deviations), and 58% were boys. Associations between focus on self-presentation on social media and symptoms of anxiety and depression and quality of life were investigated using blobbograms, standardized mean difference and gender-specific linear regression models.
Results
Overall, a high focus on self-presentation on social media was associated with more mental health problems and reduced quality of life. The strength of the associations with symptoms of depression (0.64 standardised mean difference (SMD)) and anxiety (0.60 SMD) was medium to large, while it was medium for quality of life (-0.45 SMD). In gender-stratified analyses, the association was similar for boys and girls in relation to symptoms of anxiety. For symptoms of depression, the association was stronger for girls compared to boys. Focus on self-presentation on social media was only significantly associated with quality of life among girls.
Conclusions
In sum, our findings are preliminary evidence of a medium strong relationship between focus on self-presentation on social media and symptoms of anxiety and depression for both genders, albeit with potential important gender differences. Potential implications and public health relevance of the findings are discussed.
Prediction of the Active Ingredients, Potential Targets, and Signaling Pathways in ZaoRenDiHuang Capsules for Treatment of Insomnia Based on Network Analysis and Molecular Docking
Authors: Jin De , Zhang Jinghua , Zhang Yuqing , AN Xuedong , Zhao Shenghui , Duan Liyun , Zhang Yuehong , Zhen Zhong , Lian Fengmei , Tong Xiaolin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background：Insomnia is a major global public health issue with a high incidence, which presents a significant economic burden. Importantly, insomnia is often accompanied by a myriad of symptoms during the daytime, the most common being insomnia dizziness, headache, malaise, fatigue, anxiety, and even contribute to several diseases. However, the action mode of multi-component and multi-target for Chinese medicine could be a promising therapy for insomnia. According to the previous research, the ZaoRenDiHuang (ZRDH) Capsules showed the noteworthy anti-insomnia effect. Up to now, active ingredients, potential targets, and signaling pathways and mechanism of action are not yet clear. In this study, network pharmacology was employed to elucidate the potential anti-insomnia mechanism of ZRDH.Methods：In this study, an integrated pharmacology approach was implemented, which involved evaluation of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of ZRDH, data mining of the insomnia targets, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, enrichment analysis, and molecular docking simulation, to predict the bioactive components, potential targets, and molecular mechanism of ZRDH for insomnia.Results：In this work, 44 anti-insomnia components of ZRDH and 65 anti-insomnia targets of insomnia were filtrated through database mining. The Drug-Disease network was constructed andfive key components Jujuboside A, Schizandrin A, Schizandrin C, Schizandrin B, and Spinosin, were further obtained. Sixty-five key targets were identified by topological analysis. Sequential studies turned out, NMURl, CAlCR, GABA, TAER2, ORDS, CYS1TR2, HTR1B, TLR4 were the common key targets. Docking studies indicated that the bioactive compounds could stably bind the pockets of target proteins. The findings of Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway annotation suggested that the Neuroactive ligand−receptor interaction, Serotonergic synapse CAMP signaling pathway, HIF−1a signaling pathway, Toll−like receptor signaling pathway, anti-insomnia through data mining and network analysis.Conclusion: In sunmmary, potential mechanisms involved in ZRDH treatment for insomnia involves multiple components and multiple target points as well as multiple pathways. These findings may offer a profile for further investigations of the anti-fibrotic mechanism of ZRDH.
Clinical Efficacy of Intraoperative Cell Saver Autologous Blood Salvage in Emergency Thoracoscopic Surgery for Massive Hemothorax.
Authors: Itano Hideki , Takeda Takayuki , Nakahara Hidehito , Kobayashi Toshinori , Hinami Junsuke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate the efficacy of intraoperative Cell Saver autologous blood salvage in emergency thoracoscopic surgery for massive hemothorax.methods: Nine consecutive cases, including 8 idiopathic hemopneumothoraxes and 1 late-onset traumatic hemothorax, for which emergency surgery was performed at Uji Tokushu-kai Hospital between 2009 and 2016, were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The median total blood loss was 2200 cc (range, 840–4170 cc). Intraoperative Cell Saver autotransfusion with a median volume of 820 cc was performed in the last 7 patients. The first 2 patients who did not receive an autotransfusion required substantially more allogeneic blood transfusion (10 and 14U, respectively), while the other 7 autotransfusion patients required much smaller amounts of allogeneic transfusion (4 U in 3 and 0 U in 4). Four autotransfusion patients who did not undergo preoperative chest tube drainage and/or who had drainage of < 150cc received a greater amount of intraoperative autotransfusion (mean, 1162 ± 414 cc) than the other 3 patients who had a chest tube drainage of ≥ 150 cc (mean, 666.7 ± 150 cc; P = 0.0574). Torn and bleeding arteries were thoracoscopically clipped in 7 patients. One patient with right lung collapse over 2.5 days developed severe acute respiratory distress syndrome intraoperatively, but fully recovered. Conclusions: Utilizing intraoperative autologous blood salvage with the sparing of preoperative chest tube drainage to the maximum possible extent is an efficient strategy to reduce both overall blood loss and allogeneic blood transfusion in emergency thoracoscopic surgery for massive hemothorax.
Seroepidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infection in rural and semi-rural areas of the Littoral Region of Cameroon
Authors: Mandi Henshaw Eyambe , Epie Bekolo Cavin , Eyoh Agnes , Jan Sindhiya , Clemens Sue Ann Costa , Clemens Ralf , Yimer Solomon Abebe 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been established as a leading cause of acute lower respiratory illness (ALRI) in infants and children. In 2015, the global disease burden (GBD) study estimated that the overall RSV-ALRI mortality could be as high as 118 200, with most death occurring in low- and middle-incomes countries (LMICs). This study aimed to assess the burden of RSV infection among children less than two years with acute respiratory infections (ARI) in the Littoral region of Cameroon. Methods We carried out a cross-sectional study in seven health centres in the Littoral region of Cameroon. Venous blood was collected using serum separation tubes from eligible children who visited these health centres with acute respiratory infections. ELISA testing was used to assess the seroprevalence of anti-IgM RSV for the total population and by selected demographic and health parameters and potential risk factors. Results The overall RSV-associated ARI seroprevalence was 33% (95%CI:23.6-42.3; 33/100 children). The only demographic factor significantly associated with RSV acquisition was age of six months and below (odds ratio: 7.54 (2.62, 23.36); p=0.000). Children who were clinically diagnosed to be concomitantly infected with malaria had a lower risk of RSV infection (odds ratio: 0.38 (0.14, 0.95; P = 0.03). Conclusions The RSV burden is high among children less than two years with ARI in the Littoral region of Cameroon. There is a need for an effective public health RSV surveillance system with standard laboratory techniques and equipment to better understand the RSV disease age-specific incidence, seasonality, risk factors and RSV burden among patients in communities in Cameroon.
Current status of periodontitis and its association with tobacco use amongst adult population of Sunsari district, in Nepal
Authors: Goel Khushboo , Sharma Shivalal , Baral Dharnidhar , Agrawal Santosh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Tobacco products are considered significant, but preventable factors related to initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. We assessed the prevalence of periodontitis and evaluated its association with tobacco use and other factors amongst the adult population of Sunsari district in eastern Nepal.Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in rural municipalities in the province one of eastern Nepal. A total of 440 adults were interviewed with a set of a standardized pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Data on social demographics, adverse oral habits followed by periodontal clinical examination were recorded. Prevalence of periodontitis was assessed by a case definition provided by CDC-AAP. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to measure the association between tobacco use and other factors with periodontitis.Results: The overall prevalence of periodontitis was found to be 71.6%. Majority (85.4%) of tobacco users had periodontitis and they were significantly associated with the disease and its severity. The study identified age groups, 45-65 years (AOR=7.58, 95% CI, 3.93-14.61), plaque accumulation (AOR=1.01, 95% CI, 1.00- 1.02), smoking (AOR=3.14, 95% CI, 1.36- 7.27), khaini users (smokeless tobacco, AOR=2.27, 95% CI, 1.12-4.61) and teeth loss (AOR=2.02, 95% CI, 1.21-3.38) as the significant factors associated with periodontitis. Conclusion: The prevalence of periodontitis is high in the surveyed rural adult population. Cigarette smoking along with the use of smokeless tobacco in the form of khaini were identified as significant factors associated with periodontitis.
Quality of care for children with malaria at private health facilities in Mid-Western Region of Uganda: A cross section study
Authors: Wanzira Humphrey , Tumwine Daniel , Bukoma Patrick , Musiime Allan , Biculu Juliet , Ediamu Tom , Gudoi Samuel , Tibenderana James , Mulebeke Ronald , Nantanda Rebecca , Achan Jane 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Approximately 50 percent of the population in Uganda seeks health care from private facilities but there is limited data on the quality of care for malaria in these facilities. This study aimed to document the quality of malaria case management in private health facilities innine districts in the Mid-Western region of Uganda, an area of moderate malaria transmission. Methods: This was a cross sectional study in which purposive sampling was used to select fifteen private-for-profit facilities from each district. An interviewer-administered questionnaire that contained both quantitative and open-ended questions was used. Information was collected on availability of treatment aides, knowledge on malaria, malaria case management, laboratory practices, malaria drugs stock and data management. We determined the proportion of health workers that adequately provided malaria case management according to national standards. Results: Of the 135 health facilities staff interviewed, 61.48% (52.91 - 69.40) had access to malaria treatment protocols while 48.89% (40.19 - 57.63) received malaria training. The majority of facilities, 98.52% (94.75 - 99.82) had malaria diagnostic services and the most commonly available anti-malarial drug was artemether-lumefantrine, 85.19% (78 - 91), followed by Quinine, 74.81% (67 - 82) and intravenous artesunate, 72.59% (64 – 80). Only 14.07% (8.69 – 21.10) responded adequately to the acceptable cascade of malaria case management practice. Specifically, 33.33% (25.46 - 41.96) responded correctly to management of a patient with a fever, 40.00% (31.67 - 48.79) responded correctly to the first line treatment for uncomplicated malaria, whereas 85.19% (78.05 - 90.71) responded correctly to severe malaria treatment. Only 28.83% submitted monthly reports, where malaria data was recorded, to the national database. Conclusion: This study revealed sub-optimal malaria case management practices at private health facilities with approximately 14% of health care workers demonstrating correct malaria case management cascade practices. To strengthen the quality of malaria case management, it is recommended that the NMCD distributes up to date guidelines and tools, coupled with training; continuous mentorship and integrated supportive supervision; provision of adequate stock of essential anti-malarials and RDTs; reinforcing communication and behavior change approach and increasing support for data management at private health facilities.
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt for Hepatic Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome Associated with Consumption of Gynura Segetum
Authors: Zhang Lijie , Li Qing , Makamure Joyman , Zhao Dan , Liu Ziyi , Zheng Chuansheng , Liang Bin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) on hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) associated with consumption of Gynura segetum (GS). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 9 consecutive patients with GS-related HSOS who were refractory to supportive treatment and underwent TIPS at our institution between January 2014 and September 2019. The patients were evaluated for safety and efficacy, including TIPS complications and changes in portosystemic pressure gradient (PPG), ascites, total bilirubin, liver size and portal vein diameter. Results: TIPS procedures were performed successfully in the 9 patients, without any TIPS technique-related complications. The PPG was improved by TIPS in all patients (mean PPG before TIPS, 30.4 ± 5.2 vs. 13.0 ± 4.1 mm Hg post-TIPS, P=0.008). Except for one patient who was lost to follow-up, the remaining 8 patients survived with a median follow-up period of 12 months (range, 5-39 months). Although the level of total bilirubin was significantly increased 5-7 days after TIPS compared with that before the procedure (3.57 ± 1.58 vs. 4.82 ± 2.06 mg/dl, P=0.017), it returned to baseline level at 1-month follow-up (3.53 ± 2.72 vs. 4.82 ± 2.06 mg/dl, P=0.401). The patients experienced complete resolution or obvious reduction of ascites (P<0.001), significant reduction of liver size (16.7 ± 2.2 vs. 13.7 ± 1.7 cm, P=0.018), and significant enlargement of the portal trunk (10.7 ± 2.5 vs. 13.4 ± 2.4 mm, P=0.017) after TIPS compared to the pre-TIPS state. Conclusion: TIPS may offer a potentially useful treatment for the GS-related HSOS.
Three-dimensional Construction of Micrometer Level in Rat Stomach by Synchrotron Radiation
Authors: Tao Qiang , Gao Chen-Chen , Tong Xue-Hong , Yuan Shi-Zhen , Xu Jingdong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The structural changes of gastric mucosa are considered as an important window of early gastric lesions. This article shows an imaging method of the stomach that does not use imaging agents. X-ray phase-contrast images of different stages of gastric development were taken using micrometer level X-ray in-line phase-contrast imaging (XILPCI) technique on synchrotron radiation facility. The aim of the study was to demonstrate that the imaging technique is an appropriate method for micron imaging of the gastric structures.Methods: The stomachs of 4-, 6- and 12-week-old rats were removed and cleaned. XILPCI has 1000 times greater soft tissue contrast than that of X-ray traditional absorption radiography. The projection images of the rats stomachs were recorded by an XILPCI charge coupled device (CCD) at 9 μm image resolution.Results: The X-ray in-line phase-contrast images of the different stages of rats’ gastric specimens clearly showed the gastric architectures and the details of the gastro-duodenal region. 3-dimensional stomach anatomical structure images were reconstruction.Conclusion: The reconstructed gastric 3D images can clearly display the internal structure of the stomach. XILPCI may be a useful method for medical research in the future.
“Preterm birth risk, me?” Women risk perception about premature delivery
Authors: Silva Thaís Valéria , Bento Silvana Ferreira , Katz Leila , Pacagnella Rodolfo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Risk perception is based on collective indicators, but it is influenced by the individual’s self-perception of his health-disease process. This study aims to investigate the risk perception of pregnant who were identified as high-risk for premature birth and to seek strategies for better management of such cases.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study where women who had completed their participation in P5 trial were contacted and invited to answer a structured questionnaire with open questions. Data were collected by telephone and analyzed using thematic analysis. The analysis categories were defined, and all the answers were reviewed, categorized, grouped, and a descriptive summary was prepared.Results: 208 Brazilian women have participated.Three categories were identified: 1) Risk perception mediated by health professionals; 2) Self-perception of risk through personal experiences and relationships; 3) Perception of treatment success. After receiving an explanation from a healthcare professional about short cervix and premature birth, women understood the risk of premature delivery, recognizing the importance of early diagnosis to prevent premature birth. Unsuccessful previous experiences in prior pregnancies influenced women's risk perception. Patients believed in the success of the treatment performed, placing their hopes on the treatment even without research guarantees about benefits.Conclusion: Pregnant women’s risk perception regarding prematurity is based partly on personal and family experiences but mainly on information given by healthcare professionals. The risk perception about preterm birth may contribute to healthy pregnancy, guiding necessary interventions and preventing adverse outcomes. Prevention studies on prematurity should thus focus on neonatal outcomes.
CERTL reduces C16 ceramide, amyloid-β levels and inflammation in a model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Crivelli Simone Mwenda , Luo Qian , Stevens Jo , Giovagnoni Caterina , Kruining Daan van , Bode Gerard , Hoedt Sandra den , Hobo Barbara , Scheithauer Anna-Lena , Walter Jochen , Mulder Monique T , Exley Christopher , Mold Matthew J. , Mielke Michelle M. , De Vries Helga E , Wouters Kristiaan , Hove Daniel L.A. van den , Berkes Dusan , Ledesma María Dolores , Verhaagen Joost , Losen Mario , Bieberich Erhard , Martinez-Martinez Pilar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Dysregulation of ceramide and sphingomyelin levels have been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Ceramide transfer proteins (CERTs) are ceramide carriers, crucial for ceramide and sphingomyelin balance in cells. Extracellular forms of CERTs co-localize with amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in AD brains. To date, the significance of these observations for the pathophysiology of AD remains uncertain.Methods: The plasmid expressing CERTL, the long isoform of CERTs, was used to study the interaction of CERTL with amyloid precursor protein (APP) by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence in HEK cells. The recombinant CERTL protein was employed to study interaction of CERTL with amyloid-β (Aβ), Aβ aggregation process in presence of CERTL, and the resulting changes in Aβ toxicity in neuroblastoma cells. CERTL was overexpressed in neurons by adeno associated virus (AAV) in a familial mouse model of familial AD (5xFAD). Ten weeks after transduction, animals were challenged with behavior tests for memory, anxiety and locomotion. At week twelve, brains were investigated for sphingolipid levels by mass spectrometry, plaques and neuroinflammation by immunohistochemistry, gene expression and/or immunoassay.Results: Here, we report that CERTL, binds to APP, modifies Aβ aggregation and reduces Aβ neurotoxicity in vitro. Furthermore, we show that intracortical injection of AAV, mediating the expression of CERTL, decreases levels of ceramide d18:1/16:0 and increases sphingomyelin levels in the brain of male 5xFAD mice. CERTL in vivo over-expression has a mild effect on animal locomotion, decreases Aβ formation and modulates microglia by decreasing their pro-inflammatory phenotype.Conclusion: Our results demonstrate a crucial role of CERTL in regulating ceramide levels in the brain, in amyloid plaque formation and neuroinflammation, thereby opening research avenues for therapeutic targets of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.