bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of Morphosyntax Within and Across Different Dialects of American English
Authors: Hendricks Alison Eisel , Adlof Suzanne M. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
This study examined the production of morphosyntactic markers by school-age children with and without developmental language disorder. Comparisons were made between students who speak mainstream American English (MAE) dialects and nonmainstream American English (NMAE) dialects.

Method

First- and second-grade students (
N
= 82) completed assessments of dialect use and language ability, which are designed for students who speak NMAE dialects. Students also completed an experimental production task targeting three morphosyntactic features: past tense –
ed
marking, third-person singular –
s
marking, and plural –
s
marking. Past tense marking and third-person singular are produced differently across MAE and NMAE dialects, whereas plural marking is produced more similarly across dialects.

Results
When comparing across dialects, children with typical language skills who spoke NMAE dialects overtly marked past tense and third-person singular less often compared to MAE peers. However, when comparing to same-dialect peers with language disorders, children with typical language skills who spoke NMAE dialects overtly marked these morphosyntactic markers more often than peers with developmental language disorder.

Conclusion
The results underscore the importance of considering a child's dialect use when assessing language ability, in particular with measures that include features that are variable in NMAE dialects. At the same time, within-dialect comparisons suggest that a broader set of morphosyntactic features may provide useful information for evaluations of language ability. Future research should investigate the source of these differences, including the extent to which students with language disorders have acquired the social and linguistic factors that condition the use of variable features.
A new fitting function for GRB MeV spectra based on the internal shock synchrotron model
Authors: Yassine M. , Piron F. , Daigne F. , Mochkovitch R. , Longo F. , Omodei N. , Vianello G. 
Published: June 2020

Aims. The physical origin of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt emission is still a subject of debate. Internal shock models have been widely explored, owing to their ability to explain most of the high-energy properties of this emission phase. While the Band function or other phenomenological functions are commonly used to fit GRB prompt emission spectra, we propose a new parametric function that is inspired by an internal shock physical model. We use this function as a proxy of the model to compare it easily to GRB observations.
Methods. We built a parametric function that represents the spectral form of the synthetic bursts provided by our internal shock synchrotron model (ISSM). We simulated the response of the Fermi instruments to the synthetic bursts and fit the obtained count spectra to validate the ISSM function. Then, we applied this function to a sample of 74 bright GRBs detected by the Fermi GBM, and we computed the width of their spectral energy distributions around their peak energy. For comparison, we also fit the phenomenological functions that are commonly used in the literature. Finally, we performed a time-resolved analysis of the broadband spectrum of GRB 090926A, which was jointly detected by the Fermi GBM and LAT. This spectrum has a complex shape and exhibits a power-law component with an exponential cutoff at high energy, which is compatible with inverse Compton emission attenuated by gamma-ray internal absorption.
Results. This work proposes a new parametric function for spectral fitting that is based on a physical model. The ISSM function reproduces 81% of the spectra in the GBM bright GRB sample, versus 59% for the Band function, for the same number of parameters. It gives also relatively good fits to the GRB 090926A spectra. The width of the MeV spectral component that is obtained from the fits of the ISSM function is slightly larger than the width from the Band fits, but it is smaller when observed over a wider energy range. Moreover, all of the 74 analyzed spectra are found to be significantly wider than the synthetic synchrotron spectra. We discuss possible solutions to reconcile the observations with the internal shock synchrotron model, such as an improved modeling of the shock microphysics or more accurate spectral measurements at MeV energies.
Investigating the lack of main-sequence companions to massive Be stars
Authors: Bodensteiner J. , Shenar T. , Sana H. 
Published: June 2020

Context.About 20% of all B-type stars are classical Be stars – stars whose spectra imply the presence of a circumstellar decretion disk. The disk phenomenon is strongly correlated with rapid rotation, the origin of which remains unclear. It may be rooted in single- or binary-star evolution. In the framework of the binary channel, the initially more massive star transfers mass and angular momentum to the original secondary, which becomes a Be star. The system then evolves into a Be binary with a post-main-sequence companion, which, depending on the companion mass, may later be disrupted in a supernova event. Hence, if the binary channel dominates the formation of Be stars, one may expect a strong lack of close Be binaries with main sequence (MS) companions.Aims.We want to test the prediction of the binary channel. Through an extensive, star-by-star review of the literature of a magnitude-limited sample of Galactic early-type Be stars, we investigate whether Be binaries with MS companions are known to exist.Methods.Our sample is constructed from the BeSS database and cross-matched with all available literature on the individual stars. Archival and amateur spectra are used to verify the existing literature when conflicting reports are found.Results.Out of an initial list of 505 Be stars, we compile a final sample of 287 Galactic Be stars earlier than B1.5 withV ≤ 12 mag. Out of those, 13 objects were reported as Be binaries with known post-MS companions (i.e., compact objects or helium stars) and 11 as binaries with unknown, uncertain or debated companions. We find no confirmed reports of Be binaries with MS companions. For the remaining 263 targets, no significant reports of multiplicity exist in the literature, implying that they are either Be binaries with faint companions, or truly single.Conclusions.The clear lack of reported MS companions to Be stars, which stands in contrast to the high number of detected B+B MS binaries, strongly supports the hypothesis that early-type Be stars are binary interaction products that spun up after mass and angular momentum transfer from a companion star. Taken at face value, our results may suggest that a large majority of the early-type Be stars have formed through binary mass-transfer.
RASSINE: Interactive tool for normalising stellar spectra
Authors: Cretignier M. , Francfort J. , Dumusque X. , Allart R. , Pepe F. 
Published: June 2020

Aims. We provide an open-source code allowing an easy, intuitive, and robust normalisation of spectra.
Methods. We developed RASSINE, a Python code for normalising merged 1D spectra through the concepts of convex hulls. The code uses six parameters that can be easily fine-tuned. The code also provides a complete user-friendly interactive interface, including graphical feedback, that helps the user to choose the parameters as easily as possible. To facilitate the normalisation even further, RASSINE can provide a first guess for the parameters that are derived directly from the merged 1D spectrum based on previously performed calibrations.
Results. For HARPS spectra of the Sun that were obtained with the HELIOS solar telescope, a continuum accuracy of 0.20% on line depth can be reached after normalisation with RASSINE. This is three times better than with the commonly used method of polynomial fitting. For HARPS spectra of α Cen B, a continuum accuracy of 2.0% is reached. This rather poor accuracy is mainly due to molecular band absorption and the high density of spectral lines in the bluest part of the merged 1D spectrum. When wavelengths shorter than 4500 Å are excluded, the continuum accuracy improves by up to 1.2%. The line-depth precision on individual spectrum normalisation is estimated to be ∼0.15%, which can be reduced to the photon-noise limit (0.10%) when a time series of spectra is given as input for RASSINE.
Conclusions. With a continuum accuracy higher than the polynomial fitting method and a line-depth precision compatible with photon noise, RASSINE is a tool that can find applications in numerous cases, for example stellar parameter determination, transmission spectroscopy of exoplanet atmospheres, or activity-sensitive line detection.
Work and family conflict analysis of female entrepreneurs in Turkey and classification with rough set theory
Authors: Bozoğlu Batı Gülgönül , Armutlulu İsmail Hakkı 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEntrepreneurs face numerous challenges and experience conflicts in their daily lives. However, it is clear that female entrepreneurs have more conflicts than male ones due to society’s perception of women and various expectations from them, and consequently, these conflicts affect women’s investment decisions. In this study, especially conflict levels of female entrepreneurs at work and in family have been investigated. Also, this study dwells upon how the roles that female entrepreneurs play in family and at work shape their investment plans and how the conflicts they experience affect their investment decisions. In this study, a total of 348 face-to-face interviews with female entrepreneurs, from the four major cities of the most economically developed region of Turkey, have been conducted, and various questions about demographic characteristics, business characteristics, entrepreneurship densities, business, and family conflict situations and investment plans have been asked. The obtained data has been analyzed and classified via rough set theory. The correlative relationship between conflict and investment decision has also been demonstrated. This paper contributes to the extant literature - in which there is an essential gap relating to female entrepreneurs in Turkey - by describing their status, conflict levels and investment decisions with quantitative data. The study presents a new perspective on the classification of female entrepreneurs with a rough set theory which is considered to be superior to other classification methods in terms of classifying objects with the same characteristics according to different decision situations.
Toward a science of delivering aid with dignity: Experimental evidence and local forecasts from Kenya
Authors: Thomas Catherine C. , Otis Nicholas G. , Abraham Justin R. , Markus Hazel Rose , Walton Gregory M. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
A new era of international development aspires to increase the dignity and capabilities of people in poverty. Yet narratives accompanying aid often reinforce stigmatizing views of those in poverty as deficient in their circumstances or ability. We find that typical deficit-focused narratives risk undermining the very goals of aid—to empower recipients to pursue their goals and experience dignity rather than shame. In contrast, narratives crafted to counter stigma and leverage culturally resonant forms of agency enhance recipients’ beliefs in themselves and investment in their skills, without reducing donor support. As models of agency differ across sociocultural contexts, program designers need tools for identifying effective narratives. We present “local forecasting” as a particularly efficient methodology for this need.
How does the language acquisition period affect simultaneous interpreters’ language processing?
Authors: Han Seunghee 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study aims to identify the similarities and differences in cognitive-psychological semantic (Translation Equivalent) mapping employed by early, and late balanced bilinguals at the adult level. The subjects of lexical-semantic recognition tasks were limited to fourth-semester learners at graduate school of interpreting and translation to analyze the effect that the L2 acquisition period (or Age of Acquisition, AOA) and immersive education may have on cross-language processing among highly-proficient bilinguals. The experimental words were composed of non-cognate abstract words with two levels, and in four language directions (L1 > L1, L1 > L2, L2 > L1, L2 > L2) to compare monolingual, and bilingual priming effects. Early, and Late Balanced Bilingual groups (i.e., EBB and LBB) were comparable in many ways. However, mid balanced bilinguals who had exposure of more than six years after the critical period showed distinctive features. With a low lexical difficulty in the L1 to L2 direction, Mid Balanced Bilingual group (MBB) showed a similar tendency with EBB, while it was analogous to LBB when the lexical difficulty was high, and the language direction was from L2 to L1. Such results can be interpreted as evidence against the critical period hypothesis, indicating that language dominance may change due to the L2 acquisition period and immersive education. In contrast to their subjective perception, the mother tongue of all subject groups turned out to be Korean since all subjects, without exception, were faster in deciding words from English to Korean. The parental factor was limited to be all Koreans in order to control biological differences, from which the parental factor is reversely inferred most influential for early balanced bilinguals’ language dominance.
The effect of cognitive load on temporal and disfluency patterns of speech
Authors: Bóna Judit , Bakti Mária 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates how variation in the complexity of speech tasks is reflected in the temporal characteristics and disfluency patterns of speech. We examined temporal characteristics (speech rate, global articulation rate, ratio of pauses, frequency of pauses, and mean duration of pauses) and disfluency markers (overall frequency of disfluencies; frequency of filled pauses, filler words, whole-word repetitions, part-word repetitions, broken words, prolonged sounds, and revisions; frequency of disfluency clusters) in four speech production tasks (consecutive interpreting, sight translation, spontaneous speech and extemporaneous speech) with twelve speakers.Our hypothesis, according to which the examined parameters will differ across the four tasks, was partly confirmed by the data; even though not all speech tasks differed significantly in all the examined parameters, our investigation revealed that there were significant differences between some tasks in four parameters, and between others in nine out of the fourteen parameters examined. Our data also suggest that in terms of the temporal characteristics and disfluency markers examined, the four tasks can be represented on a continuum based on the cognitive load associated with each task. At one end of the continuum and generating the least cognitive load is spontaneous speech, and at the other, generating the most cognitive load, is sight translation.
The translaborative case for a translational hermeneutics
Authors: Alfer Alexa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper takes the notion of translaboration as a stepping stone for an exploration of some of the recent debates about translational hermeneutics. In doing so, it aims to expand translaboration’s focus beyond concrete collaborations between multiple translators, or authors and translators, and to think about, and theorise, translaboration as a possible means of framing textual agents reading and writing each other within texts. The argument presented draws on both Hans-Georg Gadamer’s and Paul Ricoeur’s conceptions of the individual subject as interpretative agent, and of translation as an object of philosophical enquiry, and adopts the concept of a “hermeneutics of decipherment” (Maitland 2017, 38) as an alternative to dialogic models of understanding and translating. Similarly, the relationship between philosophical and translational hermeneutics is interrogated and recast as a translaborative endeavour rather than as an immediately reciprocal dialogue. Translaboration, this paper argues, thus also actively furthers the move away from what Blumczynski (2016, 29) calls “an arborescent epistemological paradigm” of interdisciplinarity and contributes to animating a transdisciplinarity that is fundamentally “rhizomatic” (ibid.; seeDeleuze and Guattari 2004) in nature.
Evolution of amorphous structure under irradiation: zircon case study
Authors: Diver A , Dicks O , Elena A M , Todorov I T , Trachenko K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The nature of the amorphous state has been notably difficult to ascertain at the microscopic level. In addition to the fundamental importance of understanding the amorphous state, potential changes to amorphous structures as a result of radiation damage have direct implications for the pressing problem of nuclear waste encapsulation. Here, we develop new methods to identify and quantify the damage produced by high-energy collision cascades that are applicable to amorphous structures and perform large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of high-energy collision cascades in a model zircon system. We find that, whereas the averaged probes of order such as pair distribution function do not indicate structural changes, local coordination analysis shows that the amorphous structure substantially evolves due to radiation damage. Our analysis shows a correlation between the local structural changes and enthalpy. Important implications for the long-term storage of nuclear waste follow from our detection of significant local density inhomogeneities. Although we do not reach the point of convergence where the changes of the amorphous structure saturate, our results imply that the nature of this new converged amorphous state will be of substantial interest in future experimental and modeling work.
P-wave contributions to B(s)→ψKπ decays in perturbative QCD approach *
Authors: Li Ya , Rui Zhou , Xiao Zhen-Jun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We study the quasi-two-body decays

by employing the perturbative QCD (PQCD) factorization approach, where the charmonia

represents

and

. The corresponding decay channels are studied by constructing the kaon-pion distribution amplitude (DA)

, which comprises important final state interactions between the kaon and pion in the resonant region. Relativistic Breit-Wigner formulas are adopted to parameterize the time-like form factor

appearing in the kaon-pion DAs. The SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking effect resulting from the mass difference between the kaon and pion is taken into account, which makes significant contributions to the longitudinal polarizations. The observed branching ratios and the polarization fractions of

are accommodated by tuning hadronic parameters for the kaon-pion DAs. The PQCD predictions for

modes from the same set of parameters can be tested by precise data obtained in the future from LHCb and Belle II experiments.
Light scattering as a Poisson process and first-passage probability
Authors: Zeller Claude , Cordery Robert 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A particle entering a scattering and absorbing medium executes a random walk through a sequence of scattering events. The particle ultimately either achieves first-passage, leaving the medium, or it is absorbed. The Kubelka–Munk model describes a flux of such particles moving perpendicular to the surface of a plane-parallel medium with a scattering rate and an absorption rate. The particle path alternates between the positive direction into the medium and the negative direction back towards the surface. Backscattering events from the positive to the negative direction occur at local maxima or peaks, while backscattering from the negative to the positive direction occur at local minima or valleys. The probability of a particle avoiding absorption as it follows its path decreases exponentially with the path-length λ. The reflectance of a semi-infinite slab is therefore the Laplace transform of the distribution of path-length that ends with a first-passage out of the medium. In the case of a constant scattering rate the random walk is a Poisson process. We verify our results with two iterative calculations, one using the properties of iterated convolution with a symmetric kernel and the other via direct calculation with an exponential step-length distribution. We present a novel demonstration, based on fluctuation theory of sums of random variables, that the first-passage probability as a function of the number of peaks n in the alternating path is a step-length distribution-free combinatoric expression involving Catalan numbers. Counting paths with backscattering on the real half-line results in the same Catalan number coefficients as Dyck paths on the whole numbers. Including a separate forward-scattering Poisson process results in a combinatoric expression related to counting Motzkin paths. We therefore connect walks on the real line to discrete path combinatorics.
Instability Criterion and Uncertainty Relation
Authors: Kamalov T F 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The main idea of I. Newton in Principia is a description of the laws of motion in Inertial Reference Frames by a second-order differential equation. The variation of the action functional S of stability trajectories equals to zero. The observational error is including the influence of the random fields’ background to the particle. Are we must to use a high-order differential equation for the description in the random fields background? The highorder derivatives can be used as additional variables accounting for the influence of random field background. Trajectories due the influence of the random fields’ background can be called instability random trajectories. They can be described by high order derivatives. Then the stability classical trajectories must be complemented by additional instability random trajectories. Quantum objects are described by the trajectory with neighborhoods. Quantum Probability can describe quantum objects in random fields’. The variation of the action functional S is defined by the Planck constant. For the common description of quantum theory and high-order theory, let us compare r-neighborhoods of quantum action functional with r-neighborhoods of the action functional of a high-order theory.
Gravity: local or nonlocal
Authors: Rowlands P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
While gravity is often imagined to have the characteristics of a local gauge theory, no such gauge theory has so far been constructed, with all attempts at quantum gravity leading to nonrenormalizable infinities. All known gauge theories, however, have both local and nonlocal aspects, and it is worth exploring how far we can describe gravity using a nonlocal starting point. It is suggested that this leads to a local theory which privileges inertia rather than gravity. Such a theory based on a repulsive force, would be renormalizable, and it would also have consequences that can be linked to cosmological redshift, dark energy and possibly also dark matter. It further suggests generic connections between gravity and inertia and between general relativity and Newtonian gravity.