bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression profiling of precuneus layer III cathepsin D‐immunopositive pyramidal neurons in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: Evidence for neuronal signaling vulnerability
Authors: He Bin , Perez Sylvia E. , Lee Sang H. , Ginsberg Stephen D. , Malek‐Ahmadi Michael , Mufson Elliott J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe precuneus (PreC; Brodmann area 7), a key hub within the default mode network (DMN) displays amyloid and tau‐containing neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) pathology during the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). PreC layer III projection neurons contain lysosomal hydrolase cathepsin D (CatD), a marker of neurons vulnerable to NFT pathology. Here we applied single population laser capture microdissection coupled with custom‐designed microarray profiling to determine the genetic signature of PreC CatD‐positive‐layer III neurons accrued from postmortem tissue obtained from the Rush Religious Orders Study (RROS) cases with a premortem clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment (NCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. Expression profiling revealed significant differential expression of key transcripts in MCI and AD compared to NCI that underlie signaling defects, including dysregulation of genes within the endosomal‐lysosomal and autophagy pathways, cytoskeletal elements, AD‐related genes, ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors, cholinergic enzymes and receptors, markers of monoamine neurotransmission as well as steroid‐related transcripts. Pervasive defects in both MCI and AD were found in select transcripts within these key gene ontology categories, underscoring the vulnerability of these corticocortical projection neurons during the onset and progression of dementia. Select PreC dysregulated genes detected via custom‐designed microarray analysis were validated using qPCR. In summary, expression profiling of PreC CatD ‐positive layer III neurons revealed significant dysregulation of a mosaic of genes in MCI and AD that were not previously appreciated in terms of their indication of systems‐wide signaling defects in a key hub of the DMN.
Fluid flow‐induced cell stimulation in bone tissue engineering changes due to interstitial tissue formation in vitro
Authors: Zhao Feihu , van Rietbergen Bert , Ito Keita , Hofmann Sandra 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn tissue engineering experiments in vitro, bioreactors have been used for applying wall shear stress (WSS) on cells to regulate cellular activities. To determine the loading conditions within bioreactors and to design tissue engineering products, in silico models are used. Previous in silico studies in bone tissue engineering (BTE) focused on quantifying the WSS on cells and the influence on appositional tissue growth. However, many BTE experiments also show interstitial tissue formation (i.e., tissue infiltrated in the pores rather than growing on the struts ‐ appositional growth), which has not been considered in previous in silico studies. We hereby used a multiscale fluid‐solid interaction model to quantify the WSS and mechanical strain on cells with interstitial tissue formation, taken from a reported BTE experiment. The WSS showed a high variation among different interstitial tissue morphologies. This is different to the situation under appositional tissue growth. It is found that a 35% filling of the pores results (by mineralised bone tissue) when the average WSS increases from 1.530 (day 0) to 5.735 mPa (day 28). Furthermore, the mechanical strain on cells caused by the fluid flow was extremely low (at the level of 10−14‐10−15), comparing to the threshold in a previous mechanobiological theory of osteogenesis (eg, 10−2). The output from this study offers a significant insight of the WSS changes during interstitial tissue growth under a constant perfusion flow rate in a BTE experiment. It has paved the way for optimising the local micro‐fluidic environment for interstitial tissue mineralisation.
Medical data transmission using the product of TLDPC and BCH error control coding systems with two interleavers
Authors: Kamalakannan S. , Kalpana P. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryMedical data are very precious since it has the most sensitive data of patient which can save them. If it is handled wrongly or it is manipulated, then it could result in permanent problems or even it can result in fatal. So medical data widely used in a digital format with error detection and correction codes (EDC) in its transmission and storage process. EDC is a method of adding redundant bits to the static message bits to enhance the reliability of binary digital data broadcast while the medical data communication medium adds the errors in the course of transmission. In the proposed method, we use Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem codes (BCH) as an outline algorithm and trellis Low‐Density Parity Check code (TLDPC) as an inner algorithm along with two interleavers. Product of BCH code and TLDPC code with interleavers can control more errors as compared with its plain code and product of RS‐Hamming code. MATLAB used as a simulation tool. Plain BCH code is simulated first, and then plain LDPC code is simulated for the same information. Finally, the product of BCH and TLDPC with two interleavers is imposed on the same information. The result of our research work shows enhancement in bit error rate (BER) compared to other plain and product codes from 10−2 to 10−3. Also, frame error rate (FER) is improved in 0.5 scaling factors when compared with other trellis decoders. Hence, this proposed system can be utilized in an application where less error rate and high accuracy of information transmission between medical data processing systems are required.
Nucleating microtubules in neurons: Challenges and solutions
Authors: Lüders Jens 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe highly polarized morphology of neurons is crucial for their function and involves formation of two distinct types of cellular extensions, the axonal and dendritic compartments. An important effector required for the morphogenesis and maintenance and thus the identity of axons and dendrites is the microtubule cytoskeleton. Microtubules in axons and dendrites are arranged with distinct polarities, to allow motor‐dependent, compartment‐specific sorting of cargo. Despite the importance of the microtubule cytoskeleton in neurons, the molecular mechanisms that generate the intricate compartment‐specific microtubule configurations remain largely obscure. Work in other cell types has identified microtubule nucleation, the de novo formation of microtubules, and its spatio‐temporal regulation as essential for the proper organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Whereas regulation of microtubule nucleation usually involves microtubule organizing centers such as the centrosome, neurons seem to rely largely on decentralized nucleation mechanisms. In this review, I will discuss recent advances in deciphering nucleation mechanisms in neurons, how they contribute to the arrangement of microtubules with specific polarities, and how this affects neuron morphogenesis. While this work has shed some light on these important processes, we are far from a comprehensive understanding. Thus, to provide a coherent model, my discussion will include both well‐established mechanisms and mechanisms with more limited supporting data. Finally, I will also highlight important outstanding questions for future investigation.
Microtubule organization and dynamics in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia
Authors: Weigel Maya , Wang Lin , Fu Meng‐meng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThough much is known about microtubule organization and microtubule‐based transport in neurons, the development and function of microtubules in glia are more enigmatic. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature on microtubules in ramified brain cells, including oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia. We focus on normal cell biology—how structure relates to function in these cells. In oligodendrocytes, microtubules are important for extension of processes that contact axons and for elongating the myelin sheath. Recent studies demonstrate that new microtubules can form outside of the oligodendrocyte cell body off of Golgi outpost organelles. In astrocytes and microglia, changes in cell shape and ramification can be influenced by neighboring cells and the extracellular milieu. Finally, we highlight key papers implicating glial microtubule defects in neurological injury and disease and discuss how microtubules may contribute to invasiveness in gliomas. Thus, future research on the mechanisms underlying microtubule organization in normal glial cell function may yield valuable insights on neurological disease pathology.
Neighboring trees regulate the root‐associated pathogenic fungi on the host plant in a subtropical forest
Authors: Cheng Keke , Yu Shixiao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRoot‐associated fungi and host‐specific pathogens are major determinants of species coexistence in forests. Phylogenetically related neighboring trees can strongly affect the fungal community structure of the host plant, which, in turn, will affect the ecological processes. Unfortunately, our understanding of the factors influencing fungal community composition in forests is still limited. In particular, investigation of the relationship between the phytopathogenic fungal community and neighboring trees is incomplete. In the current study, we tested the host specificity of members of the root‐associated fungal community collected from seven tree species and determined the influence of neighboring trees and habitat variation on the composition of the phytopathogenic fungal community of the focal plant in a subtropical evergreen forest. Using high‐throughput sequencing data with respect to the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, we characterized the community composition of the root‐associated fungi and found significant differences with respect to fungal groups among the seven tree species. The density of conspecific neighboring trees had a significantly positive influence on the relative abundance of phytopathogens, especially host‐specific pathogens, while the heterospecific neighbor density had a significant negative impact on the species richness of host‐specific pathogens, as well as phytopathogens. Our work provides evidence that the root‐associated phytopathogenic fungi of a host plant depend greatly on the tree neighbors of the host plant.
Assessment of spatial genetic structure to identify populations at risk for infection of an emerging epizootic disease
Authors: Miller William L. , Miller‐Butterworth Cassandra M. , Diefenbach Duane R. , Walter W. David 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Understanding the geographic extent and connectivity of wildlife populations can provide important insights into the management of disease outbreaks but defining patterns of population structure is difficult for widely distributed species. Landscape genetic analyses are powerful methods for identifying cryptic structure and movement patterns that may be associated with spatial epizootic patterns in such cases.

We characterized patterns of population substructure and connectivity using microsatellite genotypes from 2,222 white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the Mid‐Atlantic region of the United States, a region where chronic wasting disease was first detected in 2009. The goal of this study was to evaluate the juxtaposition between population structure, landscape features that influence gene flow, and current disease management units.

Clustering analyses identified four to five subpopulations in this region, the edges of which corresponded to ecophysiographic provinces. Subpopulations were further partitioned into 11 clusters with subtle (FST ≤ 0.041), but significant genetic differentiation. Genetic differentiation was lower and migration rates were higher among neighboring genetic clusters, indicating an underlying genetic cline. Genetic discontinuities were associated with topographic barriers, however.

Resistance surface modeling indicated that gene flow was diffuse in homogenous landscapes, but the direction and extent of gene flow were influenced by forest cover, traffic volume, and elevational relief in subregions heterogeneous for these landscape features. Chronic wasting disease primarily occurred among genetic clusters within a single subpopulation and along corridors of high landscape connectivity.

These results may suggest a possible correlation between population substructure, landscape connectivity, and the occurrence of diseases for widespread species. Considering these factors may be useful in delineating effective management units, although only the largest features produced appreciable differences in subpopulation structure. Disease mitigation strategies implemented at the scale of ecophysiographic provinces are likely to be more effective than those implemented at finer scales.
Radio‐adaptive response, individual radio‐sensitivity and correlation of base excision repair gene polymorphism (hOGG1, APE1, XRCC1, and LIGASE1) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to gamma radiation
Authors: Toprani Sneh M. , Das Birajalaxmi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRadio‐adaptive response (RAR) is a biological mechanism, where cells primed with a low dose exhibit reduced DNA damage with a high challenging dose. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DNA repair genes including base excision repair (BER) pathway are known to be associated with radio‐sensitivity but involvement in RAR is not yet understood. In the present study, attempt was made to correlate genotype frequencies of four BER SNPs [hOGG1(Ser326Cys), XRCC1(Arg399Gln), APE1(Asp148Glu) and LIGASE1(A/C)] with DNA damage, repair and mRNA expression level among 20 healthy donors (12 adaptive and 8 nonadaptive). Our results revealed that LIGASE1 (p = .002) showed significant correlation with DNA damage and mRNA expression level with increasing dose. hOGG1 (Ser326Cys), XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) and LIGASE1(A/C) polymorphisms showed significant difference with DNA damage (%T) and mRNA expression profile in primed cells among adaptive donors. In conclusion, BER gene polymorphisms play important role in identifying donors with radio‐sensitivity and RAR in human cells.
Exposure of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fingerlings to a Saxitoxin-Producing Strain of Raphidiopsis (Cylindrospermopsis) raciborskii (Cyanobacterium) Reduces Growth Performance and Increases Mortality Rate
Authors: De Bock Mariana Federica Sánchez , Moraes Gláucia Sabrine de Oliveira , Almeida Rômullo Guilherme dos Santos , Vieira Karla Daniele da Silva , Santoro Kleber Régis , Bicudo Álvaro José de Almeida , Molica Renato José Reis 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Blooms of toxin-producing cyanobacteria have been more frequent and lasting because of the eutrophication of freshwater ecosystems, including those used for aquaculture. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to a saxitoxin-producing strain of Raphidiopsis (Cylindrospermopsis) raciborskii on the performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings over a 60-d period. The fingerlings were cultivated under the following conditions: 1) water without cyanobacterium (WATER), 2) R. raciborskii in ASM-1 culture medium (CYANO), and 3) ASM-1 culture medium without cyanobacterium (ASM). Exposure to the CYANO treatment led to a significant increase in the mortality rate (p &lt; 0.05) and a significant reduction in growth (p &lt; 0.05) compared to fingerlings submitted to the ASM and WATER treatments, in which similar survival and growth were found (p &gt; 0.05). Saxitoxin toxicity was dependent on the weight of the fingerling (p &lt; 0.05), with maximum mortality caused by the ingestion of 13.66 μg saxitoxin equivalent L−1 g−1. The present results clearly show the harm caused by saxitoxins to the production of Nile tilapia fingerlings in the early growth phase. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining adequate water quality in aquaculture activities to minimize the risk of saxitoxin-producing cyanobacterial blooms and avoid economic losses among producers. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1409–1420. © 2020 SETAC
Integrated care models and behavioral health care utilization: Quasi‐experimental evidence from Medicaid health homes
Authors: McClellan Chandler , Maclean Johanna Catherine , Saloner Brendan , McGinty Emma E. , Pesko Michael F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntegration of behavioral and general medical care can improve outcomes for individuals with behavioral health conditions—serious mental illness (SMI) and substance use disorder (SUD). However, behavioral health care has historically been segregated from general medical care in many countries. We provide the first population‐level evidence on the effects of Medicaid health homes (HH) on behavioral health care service use. Medicaid, a public insurance program in the United States, HHs were created under the 2010 Affordable Care Act to coordinate behavioral and general medical care for enrollees with behavioral health conditions. As of 2016, 16 states had adopted an HH for enrollees with SMI and/or SUD. We use data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health over the period 2010 to 2016 coupled with a two‐way fixed‐effects model to estimate HH effects on behavioral health care utilization. We find that HH adoption increases service use among enrollees, although mental health care treatment findings are sensitive to specification. Further, enrollee self‐reported health improves post‐HH.
The effect of risk communication on the nurses' task and contextual performance in disease outbreak control in Ghana: Application of the cause model
Authors: Aboagye Abigail Konadu , Dai Baozhen , Bakpa Ernest Kay 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe re‐emerging of infectious disease outbreaks is a menace in Ghana. As the acceptance of risk communication rises, health workers are using it to control outbreaks. Yet, research in risk communication and health workers' performance remains unexplored in Ghana.ObjectiveThis study explores how risk communication works among nurses and its effect on their task (behaviors that are delineated based on role requirements and identified by a thorough analysis of the job) and contextual performance (behaviors that do not fall within the employee's assigned duties, but are a very important part of job performance). Thus, we adopted the CAUSE model, which proposes that effective risk communication creates five goals (Confidence, Awareness, Understanding, Satisfaction, and Enactment) amongst communicators.MethodThis study involves a quantitative approach complemented with qualitative data. It was conducted in three hospitals in Ghana, from which a sample of 398 nurses were selected.ResultThe result depicts that risk communication has a significant and positive effect on task performance (β= .65;P < .001), and contextual performance (β= .55;P < .001).ConclusionOur study shows that confidence is the strongest predictor of risk communication in influencing task and contextual performance. Yet, risk communication overall improves nurses' task and contextual performance.
Maternal emotion dysregulation and physiological concordance in mother‐preschooler dyads
Authors: O'Brien Jacqueline R. , Lewis Jennifer K. , Zalewski Maureen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMaternal emotional and physiological dysregulation has been found to influence child stress physiology. This study characterizes diurnal cortisol and basal heart rate variability (HRV) patterns in a predominately high‐risk sample of mothers with a full range of emotion dysregulation and assessed the magnitude of concordance (N = 68 mother‐preschooler dyads). Overall, dyads exhibited concordance in evening salivary cortisol levels, but not for morning levels or HRV. Maternal emotion dysregulation was associated with maternal and child evening cortisol levels, child morning cortisol levels, and maternal HRV. Bootstrapping analyses showed that maternal emotion dysregulation was associated with higher child evening cortisol levels through its impact on mother evening cortisol levels. This study offers preliminary evidence for understanding child stress physiology and dyadic concordance in a sample of mothers with a range of emotion regulation capabilities.Highlights
Maternal physiology may explain the association between maternal emotion dysregulation and child physiological patterns.
Emotionally dysregulated mothers were oversampled and mothers and children's heart rate variability and cortisol were collected, with findings showing dyadic concordance in evening cortisol.
This work highlights the importance of transdiagnostic approaches for examining concordance and child stress physiology.
A bone matrix‐simulating scaffold to alleviate replicative senescence of mesenchymal stem cells during long‐term expansion
Authors: Su Xiaoxia , Jing Huan , Yu Wenting , Lei Fengzhen , Wang Rui , Hu Cheng , Li Mujia , Lin Tingting , Zhou Hong , Wang Fei , Liao Li 
Published: April 2020

AbstractReplicative senescence during in vitro augmentation, which is mostly induced by the loss of physiological microenvironment, hinders the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the clinic. Here, we investigated whether MSCs senescence could be prevented by bio‐scaffold mimicking the natural tissue matrix. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) exhibited a senescent phenotype during a long‐term passage in the conventional culture dish. To fabricate the bone matrix, a naturally based matrix composed of nano‐hydroxyapatite/chitosan/poly lactide‐co‐glycolide (nHA/CS/PLGA) was produced. Long‐term passage resulted in an obvious increase in the expression of senescence markers and a reduction in the expression of master genes involved in tissue regeneration. Functional assay confirmed that nHA/CS/PLGA scaffold preserved the proliferation and differentiation of hUCMSCs even after being passaged 27 times. Moreover, in vivo ectopic bone formation assay revealed that the bone formation of hUCMSCs cultured on the nano‐scaffolds for the long term was as robust as the cells in the early passage. In summary, our results demonstrate that nHA/CS/PLGA scaffold effectively preserves the stemness and youth of hUCMSCs in the long‐term passage. Taken advantage of its compatibility and bioactivity, nHA/CS/PLGA scaffold is of great potential in large‐scale expansion of MSCs for stem cell therapy and tissue engineering.