bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Three‐Component Synthesis of α‐Arylglycines: Replacing Boronic with Carboxylic Acids in the Petasis Reaction
Authors: Diehl Andreas M. , Manolikakes Georg 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed three‐component synthesis of α‐arylglycines from benzoic acids, sulfonamides and glyoxylic acid is reported. This novel reaction offers straightforward access to the important arylglycine motif in good yields and high structural diversity. By replacing boronic with carboxylic acids as nucleophilic component, this method can be considered as a more sustainable version of the classical Petasis reaction for synthesis of arylglycines.
Controllable Conversion of CdNCN Nanoparticles into Various Chalcogenide Nanostructures for Photo‐driven Applications
Authors: Jia Bingquan , Sun Du , Zhao Wei , Xu Fangfang , Huang Fuqiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSemiconductor nanocrystals of tunable shell/core configurations have great potential in photo‐driven applications such as photoluminescence and photocatalysis, but few strategies realize a controllable synthesis with respect to both the size of the core and the shell with high crystallinity. Here, a new synthetic method based on cadmium cyanamide (CdNCN) nanoparticle anion exchange reactions was developed to access solid or hollow CdSe nanocrystals with tunable size and CdNCN@CdS heterostructures with modulated shell/core thickness. The gradual shift and narrow width of photoluminescence features demonstrate the high crystallinity and monodispersity of the resulting CdSe nanocrystals. In the CdNCN@CdS heterostructures, synergistic effects of the photocarrier separation is observed between the CdS shell and CdNCN core, which leads to great improvement in photocatalysis with optimized shell/core ratio.
Enhanced NiO Dispersion on a High Surface Area Pillared Heterostructure Covered by Niobium Leads to Optimal Behaviour in the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane
Authors: Rodríguez‐Castellón Enrique , Delgado Daniel , Dejoz Ana , Vázquez Isabel , Agouram Said , Cecilia Juan A. , Solsona Benjamín , López Nieto José M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA Nb‐containing siliceous porous clay heterostructure (PCH) with Nb contents from 0 to 30 wt %) was prepared from a bentonite and used as support in the preparation of supported NiO catalysts with NiO loading from 15 to 80 wt %. Supports and NiO‐containing catalysts were characterised by several physicochemical techniques and tested in the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethane. The characterisation studies on Nb‐containing supports showed the presence of well‐anchored Nb5+ species without the formation of Nb2O5 crystals. High dispersion of nickel oxide with low crystallinity was observed for the Nb‐containing PCH supports. In addition, when NiO is supported on these Nb‐containing porous clays, it is more effective in the ODH of ethane (ethylene selectivity of ca. 90 %) than NiO supported on the corresponding Nb‐free siliceous PCH or on Nb2O5 (ethylene selectivities of ca. 30 and 60 %, respectively). Factors such as the NiO–Nb5+ interaction, the NiO particle size and the properties of surface Nin+ species were shown to determine the catalytic performance.
Plant intraspecific functional trait variation is related to within‐habitat heterogeneity and genetic diversity inTrifolium montanumL.
Authors: Karbstein Kevin , Prinz Kathleen , Hellwig Frank , Römermann Christine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntraspecific trait variation (ITV), based on available genetic diversity, is one of the major means plant populations can respond to environmental variability. The study of functional trait variation and diversity has become popular in ecological research, for example, as a proxy for plant performance influencing fitness. Up to now, it is unclear which aspects of intraspecific functional trait variation (iFDCV) can be attributed to the environment or genetics under natural conditions. Here, we examined 260 individuals from 13 locations of the rare (semi‐)dry calcareous grassland speciesTrifolium montanumL. in terms of iFDCV, within‐habitat heterogeneity, and genetic diversity. The iFDCVwas assessed by measuring functional traits (releasing height, biomass, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, Fv/Fm, performance index, stomatal pore surface, and stomatal pore area index). Abiotic within‐habitat heterogeneity was derived from altitude, slope exposure, slope, leaf area index, soil depth, and further soil factors. Based on microsatellites, we calculated expected heterozygosity (He) because it best‐explained, among other indices, iFDCV. We performed multiple linear regression models quantifying relationships among iFDCV, abiotic within‐habitat heterogeneity and genetic diversity, and also between separate functional traits and abiotic within‐habitat heterogeneity or genetic diversity. We found that abiotic within‐habitat heterogeneity influenced iFDCVtwice as strong compared to genetic diversity. Both aspects together explained 77% of variation in iFDCV( = .77,F2, 10 = 21.66,p < .001). The majority of functional traits (releasing height, biomass, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, Fv/Fm, and performance index) were related to abiotic habitat conditions indicating responses to environmental heterogeneity. In contrast, only morphology‐related functional traits (releasing height, biomass, and leaf area) were related to genetics. Our results suggest that both within‐habitat heterogeneity and genetic diversity affect iFDCVand are thus crucial to consider when aiming to understand or predict changes of plant species performance under changing environmental conditions.
Using remote cameras to measure seasonal molts
Authors: Zimova Marketa , Barnard Lindsey S. , Davis Brandon M. , Kumar Alexander V. , Lafferty Diana J. R. , Mills L. Scott 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObtaining accurate data on seasonal timing of lifecycle events in the wild is critical for many aspects of ecological research. However, characterizing such phenological processes is difficult, expensive, and time consuming. Remote camera traps are increasingly used in ecology, yet their potential to study key phenological traits in animal populations has been largely unexplored. Here, we examine the potential of remote camera traps to measure the progression of seasonal molts in mammals. We evaluated the accuracy of trained observers to classify the stage of molt from camera‐trap images and identified factors that increase the accuracy of this method in a common, color molting mammal, the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus). Our results showed that images taken by remote camera traps can be used to classify the stage of color molt with relatively high accuracy (i.e., 84%). Observers achieved the highest accuracy when using a classification protocol with fewer molt categories, and from images acquired during the day. We also found that hare body position in the image, and whether the hare was moving or still had small influences on observer classification accuracy. Camera model had negligible effect on accuracy. Overall, our results suggest that camera traps can be used to classify molt progression to measure molt phenology in the wild. Because many camera‐trap studies are ongoing around the world, images of species that undergo distinguishable seasonal molts could be pooled across studies to characterize molt phenology on local and global scales. In much the same way that remote cameras have revolutionized the study of distribution, abundance, and behavior of some animal populations, so too can remote camera images transform our understanding of key phenological processes across space, time, and taxa.
Caspian Sea environmental variables: an extension of the Bio‐ORACLE ocean data set
Authors: Lattuada Matteo , Wilke Thomas , Raes Niels 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Caspian Sea hosts unique native and endemic faunas. However, it is also a source and sink of invasive alien species (IAS), with some listed among the worst 100 invasive species by the IUCN. A common approach to study biodiversity and biogeographic patterns or to predict the invasive potential of species is the application of ecological niche models and species distribution models. These are statistical methods using spatially gridded environmental data and species occurrence information. As the Caspian Sea is not connected to the world’s oceans, spatially gridded environmental data for the Caspian Sea are not available in the widely used Bio‐ORACLE marine data set. To address this issue, we compiled 28 ecologically relevant spatially gridded environmental variables using Kriging interpolation of point data to model minimum, maximum, mean, and range of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen for the surface and benthic zones of the Caspian Sea. Data were retrieved from the World Ocean Database. Additionally, we utilized raster statistics to create surface layers of maximum, mean, minimum, and range of chlorophyll a from remotely sensed data. We developed these environmental variables as they were previously confirmed to be relevant for the biogeographical classification of the Caspian Sea. To allow projections of models across the world’s oceans into the Caspian Sea (and vice versa), we matched our raster dimensions with those of the Bio‐ORACLE data set. Our extension of the Bio‐ORACLE data set with data from the Caspian Sea provides an important basis for the monitoring and evaluation of suitable habitats for native species as well as predicting the invasive potential of Caspian Sea species into world oceans. Please cite this Data Paper and the associated Figshare data set if the data are used in publications.
Design of a New Non‐enzymatic Sensor Based on a Substituted A2BO4+δ Perovskite for the Voltammetric Detection of Glucose
Authors: Boubezari Imane , Zazoua Ali , Bessueille François , Errachid Abdelhamid , Jaffrezic‐Renault Nicole 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInstant determination of glucose levels is necessary to monitor the treatment of diabetes. The next generation of electrochemical sensors aims to eliminate the use of enzymes because of their lack of stability and the complex procedure to immobilize them on the electrode. In this paper Pr1.92Ba0.08Ni0.95Zn0.05O4+δ perovskite, a A2BO4+δ type, was tested, for the first time for non enzymatic detection of glucose. It was synthesized by a sol‐gel method. The obtained crystallized powder was structurally characterized by XRD, morphologically characterized by SEM and EDX and electrochemically characterized. A monoclinic crystallographic system was formed. The presence of Pr2O3 during synthesis and calcination is in agreement with the formation of defects in the crystalline network and the disproportionation of NiIII sites into NiII and NiIV, due to the substitution of Pr by Ba. The oxido‐reduction of NiII sites is observed by cyclic voltammetry. The electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose through the electrooxidized NiII site was observed on a gold electrode, at 481 mV. The analytical performance of this glucose sensor is good in comparison to previously published ABO3 perovskite modified electrodes, in terms of dynamic range (1.5 μM–7000 μM) and detection limit (0.5 μM). Its application to human serum shows that there is no interference for glucose detection.
The role of ground motion duration and pulse effects in the collapse of ductile systems
Authors: Liapopoulou Maria , Bravo‐Haro Miguel A. , Elghazouli Ahmed Y. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe seismic collapse capacity of ductile single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems vulnerable to P‐Δ effects is investigated by examining the respective influence of ground motion duration and acceleration pulses. The main objective is to provide simple relationships for predicting the duration‐dependent collapse capacity of modern ductile systems. A novel procedure is proposed for modifying spectrally equivalent records, such that they are also equivalent in terms of pulses. The effect of duration is firstly assessed, without accounting for pulses, by assembling 101 pairs of long and short records with equivalent spectral response. The systems considered exhibit a trilinear backbone curve with an elastic, hardening and negative stiffness segment. The parameters investigated include the period, negative stiffness slope, ductility and strain hardening, for both bilinear and pinching hysteretic models. Incremental dynamic analysis is employed to determine collapse capacities and derive design collapse capacity spectra. It is shown that up to 60% reduction in collapse capacity can occur due to duration effects for flexible bilinear systems subjected to low levels of P‐Δ. A comparative evaluation of intensity measures that account for spectral shape, duration or pulses, is also presented. The influence of pulses, quantified through incremental velocity, is then explicitly considered to modify the long records, such that their pulse distribution matches that of their short spectrally equivalent counterparts. The results show the need to account for pulse effects in order to achieve unbiased estimation of the role of duration in flexible ductile systems, as it can influence the duration‐induced reduction in collapse capacity by more than 20%.
Disability and multidimensional quality of life: A capability approach to health status assessment
Authors: Anand Paul , Roope Laurence S. J. , Culyer Anthony J. , Smith Ron 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper offers an approach to assessing quality of life, based on Sen's (1985) theory, which it uses to understand loss in quality of life due to mobility impairment. Specifically, it provides a novel theoretical analysis that is able to account for the possibility that some functionings may increase when a person's capabilities decrease, if substitution effects are large enough. We then develop new data consistent with our theoretical framework that permits comparison of quality of life between those with a disability (mobility impairment) and those without. Empirical results show that mobility impairment has widespread rather than concentrated impacts on capabilities and is associated with high psychological costs. We also find evidence that a small number of functionings are higher for those with a disability, as our theory allows. The paper concludes by discussing possible implications for policy and health assessment methods.
Serum miR‐195‐5p is upregulated in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wang Jianping , Pan Yuanyuan , Dai Fen , Wang Fan , Qiu Haifan , Huang Xianping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as varying degrees of glucose intolerance with an onset or first recognition during pregnancy in women without previously diagnosed diabetes. Accumulating evidence indicates that miRNAs exert crucial roles in the pathogenesis and development of diabetes, including GDM. In the present study, we aimed to determine the clinical performance of miR‐195‐5p in GDM.MethodsFirst, the miR‐195‐5p expressions in serum samples from healthy pregnant women and women with GDM at 25 weeks pregnancy were detected using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Then, receive characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the diagnostic value of miR‐195‐5p in GDM. Finally, the correlation analysis of miR‐195‐5p expression with related clinicopathological factors was carried out to determine the clinical value of miR‐195‐5p in GDM.ResultsIn this study, we found that miR‐195‐5p expression was significantly increased in serum samples from GDM patients as compared with that in healthy pregnancies. Furthermore, miR‐195‐5p might be a putative biomarker for GDM diagnosis with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8451; the cutoff value was 1.598, sensitivity was 73.69%, specificity was 96.85%, accuracy was 81.26%, and Youden index was 70.54%. Expression of miR‐195‐5p was positively associated with fasting plasma glucose, one‐hour plasma glucose, and two‐hour plasma glucose.ConclusionmiR‐195‐5p might function as a putative diagnostic biomarker for GDM and contribute to identifying at‐risk mothers in pregnancy.
Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of the Cathepsin K Inhibitor Odanacatib: Insights Into Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factor Effects on Exposure in Postmenopausal and Elderly Women
Authors: Jaworowicz David , Bihorel Sébastien , Zajic Stefan , Stoch S. Aubrey , Humphrey Rebecca , McCrea Jacqueline B. , Stone Julie A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis analysis developed a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for odanacatib, characterized demographic and concomitant medication covariates effect, and provided odanacatib exposure estimates for subjects in phase 2/3 studies. Data from multiple phase 1 (P005, P025, and P014), phase 2b (P004 and P022), and phase 3 (Long‐Term Odanacatib Fracture Trial; P018) studies were pooled to create a data set of 1280 postmenopausal women aged 45 to 91 years (102 from phase 1, 514 from phase 2b, and 664 from phase 3) who received weekly oral odanacatib doses ranging from 3 to 100 mg. A 1‐compartment model with first‐order absorption, dose‐dependent relative bioavailability (F1), and first‐order elimination best described odanacatib PK. F1 decreased from the 100% reference bioavailability for a 3‐mg oral dose to 24.5% for a 100‐mg dose. Eight statistically significant covariates were included in the final PK model: body weight, age, race, and concomitant cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A inhibitors on apparent clearance; body weight on apparent central volume of distribution; and concomitant hydrochlorothiazide, high‐fat breakfast, and a study effect on F1. All fixed‐ and random‐effects parameters were estimated with good precision (%standard error of the mean ≤29.5%). This population PK analysis provides insights into intrinsic‐ and extrinsic‐factor effects on odanacatib exposure in postmenopausal and elderly women with osteoporosis. The magnitude of the intrinsic‐factor effects was generally modest (odanacatib exposure geometric mean ratios, 0.80‐1.21) even in subjects aged >80 years, or in subsets with multiple combinations of factors.
Exploring experiences and expectations of prenatal health care and genetic counseling/testing in immigrant Latinas
Authors: Garza Georgiann , Hodges‐Delgado Priscila , Hoskovec Jennifer , Palos Guadalupe , Wagner Chelsea , Zacharias Nikolaos , Noblin Sarah J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs the Latino population of the United States continues to increase, the specific needs of Latinos in genetic counseling continue to be unmet. Using culturally tailored genetic counseling responsive to the needs of the patient can assist in building rapport in genetic counseling sessions. We aimed to investigate the relationship between acculturation, prenatal care, genetic testing experiences, and expectations for prenatal care in an immigrant Latino population. A total of 20 Spanish‐speaking, pregnant Latinas from various Latin American countries were interviewed after completing a prenatal genetic counseling session. The semi‐structured phone interview included questions about the participants’ experiences with genetic counseling/testing, prenatal health care in their home country, their current prenatal care in the United States, and information they felt to be important to know during their pregnancy. Although this study showed no statistically significant associations between acculturation, prenatal care, and genetic counseling/testing experiences, six significant content domains were identified as relevant to the participants. Overall, we found that immigrant Latinas desire to know prenatal risk information to help them prepare, relieve guilt, and help make screening/testing/family planning decisions. These Latinas reported the genetic counselor provided confidence, a sense of autonomy, and empowerment, for them to make their own decisions regarding prenatal screening/testing. The participants also spoke about stressors unique to the immigrant population, most notably being away from their older children and other family members. Identifying relevant factors about the lived experience of this population can help genetic counselors better address possible needs, feelings of guilt, and/or isolation and identifying women who could benefit from group‐based prenatal care, support groups, or referrals to social work.
Diagnostic uncertainties, ethical tensions, and accounts of role responsibilities in genetic counseling communication
Authors: Thomassen Hammerstad Gøril , Sarangi Srikant , Bjørnevoll Inga 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDiagnostic uncertainties are intricately associated with genomic testing—especially concerning new technologies such as exome sequencing—with test results being either inconclusive or generating secondary findings or showing variants of uncertain significance. In the process of genetic counseling, diagnostic uncertainties have to be managed even when test results for an individual client are either positive or negative because of differential implications for family members. Previous studies have investigated diagnostic uncertainties in relation to clients wanting to know or not know the test results; here, we extend this line of research by addressing how genetic counselors and clients account for the management of diagnostic uncertainties vis‐à‐vis the attendant ethical tensions in the complex communicative environment in the clinic setting. Our dataset from the Norwegian context is longitudinal, consisting of ten audio‐recorded pre‐test genetic counseling sessions. It involves one extended family with a high burden of colorectal cancer. Through theme‐oriented discourse analysis, we demonstrate how diagnostic uncertainties give rise to tensions concerning risks and benefits of knowing in both professional and familial spheres, which then map onto accounts of various role responsibilities. For instance, in looking for certainty via advanced genomic testing to reduce diagnostic uncertainty for clients, genetic counselors are confronted with tensions regarding what can be communicated and made known because of their role responsibilities toward what may be regarded as scientific others and clinical others. Likewise, clients are faced with tensions concerning wanting to know/not know, which invokes various familial others and may align or not align with genetic counselors’ preferences, especially relating to management of diagnostic uncertainties and secondary findings.