bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A decision-making methodology integrated in product design for additive manufacturing process selection
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhu Zicheng , Ye Songhe 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The decision-making for additive manufacturing (AM) process selection is typically applied in the end of the product design stages based upon an already finished design. However, due to unique characteristics of AM processes, the part needs to be designed for the specific AM process. This requires potentially feasible AM techniques to be identified in early design stages. This paper aims to develop such a decision-making methodology that can seamlessly be integrated in the product design stages to facilitate AM process selection and assist product/part design.

Design/methodology/approach
The decision-making methodology consists of four elements, namely, initial screening, technical evaluation and selection of feasible AM processes, re-evaluation of the feasible process and production machine selection. Prior to the design phase, the methodology determines whether AM production is suitable based on the given design requirements. As the design progresses, a more accurate process selection in terms of technical and economic viability is performed using the analytic hierarchy process technique. Features that would cause potential manufacturability issues and increased production costs will be identified and modified. Finally, a production machine that is best suited for the finished product design is identified.

Findings
The methodology was found to be able to facilitate the design process by enabling designers to identify appropriate AM technique and production machine, which was demonstrated in the case study.

Originality/value
This study addresses the gap between the isolated product design and process selection stages by developing the decision-making methodology that can be integrated in product design stages.
Implement strategic foresight with elements of the US army’s operational art model
Authors: Reese Simon R. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
In a world of never-ending change, leaders must elevate above the battlefield and retain alignment with strategic purpose. Linking strategic foresight attitudes and activities aids leader to integrate the long and short-term. This article offers leaders elements of the US Army’s Operational Art model to easily apply when looking long and acting short-term.

Design/methodology/approach
Strategic foresight utilizes a scenario-based approach linked to the US Army’s Operational Art model to allow decision makers to both think more strategically and act upon the strategy day-to-day.

Findings
Strategic foresight creates both the shared vision throughout the organization and linkages to mental models that align actions. Linkage to the US Army’s Operational Art model creates an easy implementation framework.

Practical implications
For leaders overwhelmed with the day-to-day, linking strategic foresight attitudes and activities aids leader to integrate the long and short-term. The US Army Operational Art model provides an implementation method.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Seismoelectric and electroseismic responses to a point source in a marine stratified model
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Gao Yongxin , Yao Cheng , Wang Baozhen , Wang Mengqiang 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTWe investigate the seismoelectric/electroseismic wavefields excited by a point source in an air/seawater/three‐layered porous medium configuration containing a hydrocarbon layer. The results show that if an explosive source for excitation is used, receivers at seafloor can record the coseismic electromagnetic fields accompanying the P, S, fluid acoustic waves and the interface responses converted from the acoustic waves at seafloor interface and from the seismic waves at the interfaces beneath the seafloor. Employing a vertical electric dipole source shows that, with the exception of the interface responses converted from electromagnetic waves at seafloor, the interface responses converted from transmitted electromagnetic waves at the interfaces beneath the seafloor can also be identified. Given that the strength of the explosive source is within excitation capability of industry air guns, the generated interface responses from the hydrocarbon layer can be detected by current electromagnetic sensors considering the low ambient noise at the seafloor. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of the seismoelectric method applied to marine hydrocarbon exploration. Electroseismic modelling results suggest that it is not practical to employ this method to prospect marine hydrocarbon layer due to the weak interface response signal, unless a much larger current is injected into seafloor.
Increased estrogen levels altered microRNA expression in prostate and plasma of rats dosed with sex hormones
Authors: Nakamura Noriko , Davis Kelly , Yan Jian , Sloper Daniel T. , Chen Tao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundElevated estrogen (E) levels caused by aging or exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals are related to prostate disease development. Sixty to seventy percent of prostate cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia patients are over the age of 65, while prostatitis is likely to occur in men under 45 years. MicroRNAs currently represent a class of distinctive biological indicators to be used for clinical disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring. This study aims to identify microRNAs that could serve as potential biomarkers for prostate disorders induced by elevated E levels according to their altered expression in prostate or plasma.Materials and methodsGroups of Sprague Dawley rats (offspring) were dosed with estradiol benzoate (EB) on postnatal days 1, 3, and 5, and subcutaneously implanted with tubes containing testosterone (T)/E on postnatal day 90. Expression levels of prostate and plasma microRNAs were evaluated using microRNA microarray and validated via qRT‐PCR. The expression levels of the potential targeted genes of a set of identified microRNAs were also examined by qRT‐PCR.ResultsPostnatal administration of EB, T, and E elevated serum E levels with decreased serum T levels in rats. Chronic inflammation was observed in the dorsolateral prostate. Significant changes in expression levels of several microRNAs (rno‐miR‐146‐5p, rno‐miR‐329‐3p, and rno‐miR‐126a‐3p) in the dorsolateral prostate and of a microRNA (rno‐miR‐329‐3p) in the plasma were found in the dosed rats. The target gene expression levels of the altered microRNAs also changed accordingly.ConclusionChronic inflammation in the dorsolateral prostate of rats dosed with EB, T, and E resulted in deregulated expression in a set of microRNAs whose target genes were related to tumor growth or abnormal proliferation. Our findings suggest the identified microRNAs and their target genes the potential use as biomarkers to predict prostate cancer development. Validation using human samples is warranted.
Hyperspectral Inverse Skinning
Authors: Liu Songrun , Tan Jianchao , Deng Zhigang , Gingold Yotam 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn example‐based inverse linear blend skinning (LBS), a collection of poses (e.g. animation frames) are given, and the goal is finding skinning weights and transformation matrices that closely reproduce the input. These poses may come from physical simulation, direct mesh editing, motion capture or another deformation rig. We provide a re‐formulation of inverse skinning as a problem in high‐dimensional Euclidean space. The transformation matrices applied to a vertex across all poses can be thought of as a point in high dimensions. We cast the inverse LBS problem as one of finding a tight‐fitting simplex around these points (a well‐studied problem in hyperspectral imaging). Although we do not observe transformation matrices directly, the 3D position of a vertex across all of its poses defines an affine subspace, or flat. We solve a ‘closest flat’ optimization problem to find points on these flats, and then compute a minimum‐volume enclosing simplex whose vertices are the transformation matrices and whose barycentric coordinates are the skinning weights. We are able to create LBS rigs with state‐of‐the‐art reconstruction error and state‐of‐the‐art compression ratios for mesh animation sequences. Our solution does not consider weight sparsity or the rigidity of recovered transformations. We include observations and insights into the closest flat problem. Its ideal solution and optimal LBS reconstruction error remain an open problem.
Reconsidering humaneness
Authors: Hampton Jordan O. , Fisher Penny M. , Warburton Bruce 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnimal welfare is increasingly important in the understanding of how human activity affects wildlife, but the conservation community is still grappling with meaningful terminology when communicating this aspect of their work. One example is the use of the terms “humane” and “inhumane.” These terms are used in scientific contexts, but they also have legal and social definitions. Without reference to a defined technical standard, describing an action or outcome as humane (or inhumane) constrains science communication because the terms have variable definitions; establish a binary (something is either humane or inhumane); and imply underlying values reflecting a moral prescription. Invoking the term “humane,” and especially the strong antithesis “inhumane,” can infer a normative judgment of how animals ought to be treated (humane) or ought not to be treated (inhumane). The consequences of applying this terminology are not just academic. Publicizing certain practices as humane can create blurred lines around contentious animal welfare questions and, perhaps intentionally, defer scrutiny of actual welfare outcomes. Labeling other practices as inhumane can be used cynically to erode their public support. We suggest that, if this normative language is used in science, it should always be accompanied by a clear, contextual definition of what is meant by humane.
Genetic variants in class II transactivator are associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the Han Chinese population
Authors: Su Mingkuan , Chen Zongyun , Zheng Jinli , Chen Yong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractClass II transactivator (CIITA) is a master regulator of MHC gene expression and plays a role in inducing the expression of other immune system genes, including IL‐4, IL‐10 and Fas ligand, as well as more than 60 other immunologically significant genes. We used CIITA as a candidate gene to analyse whether any single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In total, 773 patients with chronic HBV infection were enrolled in this hospital‐based case–control study. The patients were divided into groups according to their clinical characteristics: 596 patients had chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and 177 patients had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 313 patients with self‐limited HBV infection were selected as the control group. CIITA gene variants were screened using Haploview 4.2 software; improved multiplex ligation detection reaction technology was then used for genotype detection, and HaploReg v4.1 was employed to predict the functions of 15 variants. The results showed that SNPs in introns in the CIITA gene, namely, rs13333382 (TT + TA vs. AA: p = .003, odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.49–0.87) and rs4780335 (CC + CG vs. GG: p = 9.40 × 10−5, OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.41–0.74), were positively associated with self‐limited HBV infection in the dominant genetic model. Additionally, SNP rs1139564 (TT + TC vs. CC: p = .002, OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.19–2.16) in the 3' untranslated region may increase the risk of CHB. According to in silico analysis, all three statistically significant variants act as transcription factor binding motifs. However, we did not find that these 15 mutations are associated with HCC risk. Therefore, we believe that CIITA is a susceptibility gene for CHB rather than for HCC.
Perceptions and barriers to competency‐based education in Canadian postgraduate medical education
Authors: Crawford Lindsay , Cofie Nicholas , McEwen Laura , Dagnone Damon , Taylor Sean W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRationaleCompetency‐based education (CBE) is currently being implemented across Canadian postgraduate medical education programmes through Competence by Design (CBD).1 Queen's University received permission to initiate CBE in all programmes simultaneously starting in 2017; an institutional initiative termed Competency‐based medical education (CBME).2 We describe our initial experiences to highlight perceptions and barriers and facilitate implementation at other centers.MethodsAnonymous online surveys were administered to faculty and residents transitioning to CBE (138 respondents) including (a) Queen's programme leaders (Programme Directors and CBME Leads) [n = 27], (b) Queen's residents [n = 102], and (c) Canadian neurology programme directors [n = 9] and were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques.ResultsPerceptions were favourable (x = 3.55/5, SD = 0.71) and 81.6% perceived CBE enhanced training; however, perceptions were more favourable among faculty. Queen's programme leaders indicated that CBE did not improve their ability to provide negative feedback. Queen's residents did not perceive improved quality of feedback. National Canadian neurology programme directors did not perceive that their institutions had adequately prepared them. There was variability in barriers perceived across groups. Queen's programme leaders were concerned about resident initiative. Queen's residents felt that assessment selection and faculty responsiveness to feedback were barriers. Canadian neurology programme directors were concerned about access to information technology.RecommendationsOur results indicate that faculty were concerned about the reluctance of residents to actively participate in CBE, while residents were hesitant to assume such a role because of lack of familiarity and perceived benefit. This discrepancy indicates attention should be devoted to (a) institutional administrative/educational supports, (b) faculty development around feedback/assessment, and (c) resident development to foster ownership of their learning and familiarity with CBE.
Anatomy of the lymphovenous valve of the thoracic duct in humans
Authors: O’Hagan Lomani Archibald , Windsor John Albert , Phillips Anthony Ronald John , Itkin Maxim , Russell Peter Spencer , Mirjalili Seyed Ali 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe majority of lymph generated in the body is returned to the blood circulation via the lymphovenous junction (LVJ) of the thoracic duct (TD). A lymphovenous valve (LVV) is thought to guard this junction by regulating the flow of lymph to the veins and preventing blood from entering the lymphatic system. Despite these important functions, the morphology and mechanism of this valve remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the anatomy of the LVV of the TD. To do this, the TD and the great veins of the left side of the neck were harvested from 16 human cadavers. The LVJs from 12 cadavers were successfully identified and examined macroscopically, microscopically, and using microcomputed tomography. In many specimens, the TD branched before entering the veins. Thus, from 12 cadavers, 21 LVJs were examined. Valves were present at 71% of LVJs (15/21) and were absent in the remainder. The LVV, when present, was typically a bicuspid semilunar valve, although the relative size and position of its cusps were variable. Microscopically, the valve cusps comprised luminal extensions of endothelium with a thin core of collagenous extracellular matrix. This study clearly demonstrated the morphology of the human LVV. This valve may prevent blood from entering the lymphatic system, but its variability and frequent absence calls into question its utility. Further structural and functional studies are required to better define the role of the LVV in health and disease.
Teacher rating versus measured academic achievement: Implications for paediatric research
Authors: Shah Rajesh , Brown Gavin , Keegan Peter , Burakevych Nataliia , Harding Jane E , McKinlay Christopher JD ,   for the CHYLD Study Group
Published: February 2020

AimTo determine whether teachers' reports of student academic performance can suffice for research purposes by comparing it with a curriculum‐based standardised test.MethodsIn this longitudinal cohort study of children born at risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia, teachers' global assessment of student performance was compared with assessment tools for teaching and learning (asTTle) at 9–10 years. Performance on asTTLe was rated as being below, at or above that expected on the national curriculum for year and term of schooling. Teachers similarly rated the child's performance against the national curriculum.ResultsOf 125 children assessed, 104 had paired data for analysis. On asTTLe, 28% were rated below, 55% at and 17% above the expected curriculum level in reading and 24, 54 and 22%, respectively, in mathematics. Equivalent teacher ratings were 23, 58 and 19% in reading and 36, 55 and 9% in mathematics, respectively. However, there was limited agreement between asTTle and teacher rating of achievement in reading (κ = 0.23 (95% confidence interval 0.07–0.40)) and no significant agreement in mathematics (κ = 0.07 (95% confidence interval −0.09–0.22)). Only 45% of children performing below the curriculum level in reading and 52% in mathematics were correctly identified by teachers.ConclusionIn cohort studies, teacher ratings cannot substitute standardised educational testing.
Leisure in romantic relationships: An avenue for differentiation of self
Authors: Stapley Leslie A. , Murdock Nancy L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBowen Family Systems Theory predicts that the ability to balance emotional intimacy with one’s partner with one's own sense of autonomy, called differentiation of self, results in stronger relationships. We tested whether this balance manifests in how individuals manage their time spent with and without their partner. Analyses utilized differentiation of self, leisure time balance with and without one's partner, and couple leisure satisfaction to predict dyadic adjustment. Although leisure time balance did not mediate the relationship between differentiation of self and relationship functioning, couple leisure satisfaction was found to partially mediate this relationship. The moderating effect of differentiation was also examined, which demonstrated that differentiation of self buffered the relationship between low couple leisure time satisfaction and relationship adjustment.
Evaluation of the biochemical effects of an acetamiprid‐based insecticide on a non‐target species, Gambusia holbrooki
Authors: Demirci Özlem , Güngördü Abbas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe toxic effects of an acetamiprid‐based insecticide (ABI) on Gambusia holbrooki were evaluated after 24 and 96‐h exposure periods. The 24 and 96‐h median lethal concentration (LC50) values of ABI were determined as 75.9 and 42.2 mg/L active ingredient (AI)/L, respectively. In addition, the activity of five biochemical marker enzymes, including glutathione S‐transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), carboxylesterase (CaE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was measured after 24 and 96‐h exposure to three different concentrations of the ABI to evaluate its sublethal effects. The acetamiprid concentrations in the exposure media were measured using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Our results showed that GST and LDH activities were increased and there were concentration‐dependent changes in the integrated biomarker response (IBR) indexes after 24‐h ABI exposure. However, the examined biomarkers were not useful for examining the effects of the ABI exposure for 96‐h exposure periods, even at the highest concentration.
Menjaga Keamanan Negara Menurut Perspektif Maqāsid Syariah Serta Hubungannya Dengan Matlamat Pembangunan Lestari [Sustainable Development Goals]: Kajian Di Malaysia (National Peace Preservation According to the Maqāsid Syariah Perspective and its Relations to the Sustainable Development Goals [Sustainable Development Studies]: A Study In Malaysia)
Authors: Adenan Faezy , Ab Rahman Asmak 
Published: February 2020

Peace is an invaluable asset to ensure the prosperity and harmony of a nation. With the existence of peace, the people in a nation can carry out their respective responsibilities and roles perfectly, which consequently further enhance the nation prosperity. There are numbers of Western orientalists suggested that Islam is a religion that advocates violence. While in actuality, Islam uphold the preservation of peace and security at the utmost importance. This calls for a comprehensive argument to properly present the adherence of Islam towards maintaining harmony and prosperity. Therefore, the objective of this study is to highlight the existence of peace preservation in the Islamic concept of Maqāsid Syariah and draw the similarity on the definition of peace in Maqāsid Syariah with UN Guidelines for Sustainable Development Goals (Sustainable Development Goals). The research adopted library research methodology to accentuate the concept of peace preservation in the five elements of Maqāsid Syariah by using textual and contextual analysis on available literature pertaining the subject matter. The results show that the peace preservation of the nation is an integral piece in the concept of Maqāsid Syariah. National peace preservation is the key to maintain the five elements of Maqāsid Syariah which are religion, intellect, self, heritage and wealth. In addition, Maqāsid Syariah delineates peace keeping at the highest priority in maslaḥah requirement. Furthermore, Maqāsid Syariah demonstrates a compelling correlation in its definition of peace with the characteristic sustainable development goals (SDCs) outlined by the United Nations (UN). The importance of this study is to give a general guidance on preservation and maintenance of national peace according to the shariah objectives, which have a strong relationship among them.