bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental disorders among young adults of immigrant background: a nationwide register study in Norway
Authors: Ekeberg Karoline Anette , Abebe Dawit Shawel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Previous research indicates increased risk of various mental disorders in immigrant populations, particularly for schizophrenia and PTSD. However, findings are inconclusive due to variations in contextual factors, characteristics of immigrant groups and study design. Our study aims to investigate prevalence differences of receiving an ICD-10 psychiatric diagnosis between 2008 and 2016 among four first-generation immigrant groups and one second-generation immigrant group compared to ethnic Norwegians.

Methods
Linked register data from the Norwegian Patient Registry and Statistics Norway were utilised. The sample (age 18–35) comprises 758,774 ethnic Norwegians, 61,124 immigrants originating from Poland, Somalia, Iran and Pakistan and 4630 s-generation Pakistani immigrants. Age- and gender-adjusted binary logistic regression models were applied.

Results
The odds of schizophrenia were significantly elevated for all groups except for Poles. The highest odds were observed for second-generation Pakistani immigrants (adjusted OR 2.72, 95% CI 2.21–3.35). For PTSD, the odds were significantly increased for Somalis (aOR 1.31, 95% CI 1.11–1.54), second-generation Pakistani immigrants (aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.11–1.70), and in particular for Iranians (aOR 3.99, 95% CI 3.51–4.54). While Iranians showed similar or higher odds of receiving the vast majority of psychiatric diagnoses, the remaining groups showed lower or similar odds compared to ethnic Norwegians.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest considerable prevalence differences in receiving a psychiatric diagnosis according to country of origin and generational status compared to ethnic Norwegian controls. The general pattern was lower prevalence of most ICD-10 mental disorders for the majority of immigrant groups compared to ethnic Norwegians, except for schizophrenia and PTSD.
A quotient of the Lubin–Tate tower II
Authors: Johansson Christian , Ludwig Judith , Hansen David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article we construct the quotient$$\mathcal {M}_\mathbf {1}/P(K)$$M1/P(K)of the infinite-level Lubin–Tate space$$\mathcal {M}_\mathbf {1}$$M1by the parabolic subgroup$$P(K) \subset \mathrm {GL} _n(K)$$P(K)⊂GLn(K)of block form$$(n-1,1)$$(n-1,1)as a perfectoid space, generalizing the results of Ludwig (Forum Math Sigma 5:e17, 41, 2017) to arbitrarynand$$K/{\mathbb {Q}} _p$$K/Qpfinite. For this we prove some perfectoidness results for certain Harris–Taylor Shimura varieties at infinite level. As an application of the quotient construction we show a vanishing theorem for Scholze’s candidate for the modpJacquet–Langlands and modplocal Langlands correspondence. An appendix by David Hansen gives a local proof of perfectoidness of$$\mathcal {M}_\mathbf {1}/P(K)$$M1/P(K)when$$n=2$$n=2, and shows that$$\mathcal {M}_\mathbf {1}/Q(K)$$M1/Q(K)is not perfectoid for maximal parabolicsQnot conjugate toP.
Electroencephalographic neurofeedback training can decrease conscious motor control and increase single and dual-task psychomotor performance
Authors: Sidhu Amanpreet , Cooke Andrew 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe control of human movements is thought to automize with repetition, promoting consistent execution and reduced dual-task costs. However, contingencies such as illness or constraints to regular movement patterns can promote conscious motor control, which can reduce movement proficiency and make dual-task situations more difficult. This experiment evaluated whether electroencephalographic neurofeedback training can reduce the adverse effects of conscious motor control. Twenty-five participants completed the timed-up-and-go task while wearing a leg brace to de-automize their regular movement, under both single and dual-task (walking + serial sevens) conditions, both before and after 30-min of neurofeedback training. Three different types of neurofeedback were prescribed across three laboratory visits. We hypothesised that training to decrease central EEG alpha-power at scalp sites above the supplementary motor area would facilitate performance compared to opposite (increase central EEG alpha-power) or sham neurofeedback training. Results revealed a pre-test to post-test improvement in performance on the single-task and on both aspects of the dual-task when participants were trained to decrease central EEG alpha-power. There were no benefits of opposite or sham neurofeedback training. Mediation analyses revealed that the improvement in dual-task motor performance was mediated by the improvement in cognitive performance. This suggests that the neurofeedback protocol was beneficial because it helped to reduce conscious control of the motor task. The findings could have important implications for rehabilitation and high-performance (e.g., elite sport) domains; neurofeedback could be prescribed to help alleviate the problems that can arise when individuals exert conscious motor control.
Prevalence and Impact of Sarcopenia in Chronic Pancreatitis: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Kuan Li Lian , Dennison Ashley R. , Garcea Giuseppe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionMalnutrition is a common sequela of chronic pancreatitis (CP). Alterations in body composition and the assessment of sarcopenia have gained the interest of clinicians in recent years. There is a scarcity of data currently available concerning sarcopenia in patients with CP. This review aims to investigate the prevalence and impact of sarcopenia in CP.MethodsEmbase and Medline databases were used to identify all studies that evaluated sarcopenia and outcomes in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Due to paucity of data, conference abstracts were included. PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed.ResultsSix studies, with a total of 450 individuals were reviewed. Three full‐text studies and three conference abstracts met the predetermined eligibility criteria. The prevalence of sarcopenia in CP from all studies ranged from 17–62%. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency was associated as an independent and significant risk factor for sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was found to be associated with a reduced quality of life, increased hospitalisation, and reduced survival. It was associated with significantly lower islet yield following total pancreatectomy with islet auto transplantation in CP.ConclusionThe review of these existing studies amalgamates the limited data on sarcopenia and its impact on CP. It has shown that sarcopenia is exceedingly prevalent and an important risk factor in CP patients. The data presented emphasises that sarcopenia has a significant prognostic value and should be included in future prospective analyses in the outcomes of CP.
The untwining of immunosenescence and aging
Authors: Xu Weili , Wong Glenn , Hwang You Yi , Larbi Anis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFrom a holistic point of view, aging results from the cumulative erosion of the various systems. Among these, the immune system is interconnected to the rest as immune cells are present in all organs and recirculate through bloodstream. Immunosenescence is the term used to define the remodelling of immune changes during aging. Because immune cells—and particularly lymphocytes—can further differentiate after their maturation in response to pathogen recognition, it is therefore unclear when senescence is induced in these cells. Additionally, it is also unclear which signals triggers senescence in immune cells (i) aging per se, (ii) specific response to pathogens, (iii) underlying conditions, or (iv) inflammaging. In this review, we will cover the current knowledge and concepts linked to immunosenescence and we focus this review on lymphocytes and T cells, which represent the typical model for replicative senescence. With the evidence presented, we propose to disentangle the senescence of immune cells from chronological aging.
EfficientPose: Scalable single-person pose estimation
Authors: Groos Daniel , Ramampiaro Heri , Ihlen Espen AF 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSingle-person human pose estimation facilitates markerless movement analysis in sports, as well as in clinical applications. Still, state-of-the-art models for human pose estimation generally do not meet the requirements of real-life applications. The proliferation of deep learning techniques has resulted in the development of many advanced approaches. However, with the progresses in the field, more complex and inefficient models have also been introduced, which have caused tremendous increases in computational demands. To cope with these complexity and inefficiency challenges, we propose a novel convolutional neural network architecture, called EfficientPose, which exploits recently proposed EfficientNets in order to deliver efficient and scalable single-person pose estimation. EfficientPose is a family of models harnessing an effective multi-scale feature extractor and computationally efficient detection blocks using mobile inverted bottleneck convolutions, while at the same time ensuring that the precision of the pose configurations is still improved. Due to its low complexity and efficiency, EfficientPose enables real-world applications on edge devices by limiting the memory footprint and computational cost. The results from our experiments, using the challenging MPII single-person benchmark, show that the proposed EfficientPose models substantially outperform the widely-used OpenPose model both in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. In particular, our top-performing model achieves state-of-the-art accuracy on single-person MPII, with low-complexity ConvNets.
Characterisation and durability of contemporary unsized Xuan paper
Authors: Luo Yujia , Cigić Irena Kralj , Wei Quan , Strlič Matija 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn China, Xuan paper has been the paper of choice as artwork support and for conservation, for several centuries. However, little is known about its material properties, especially given the many grades of sized and unsized Xuan paper. In addition, there is a lack of information on its degradation. In this research, a selection of contemporary unsized Xuan papers was investigated, representing diverse raw materials. Seven out of twelve contemporary unsized Xuan papers were determined to be approximately neutral and contain > 2% alkaline reserve, indicating good durability. Viscometry was used to determine the degree of polymerisation (DP) as none of the samples gave significant reactions to the phloroglucinol spot test. The average DP of ten contemporary unsized Xuan papers is ~ 1700, excluding two papers that have presumably been sun-bleached, and that exhibit significantly lower DP. Using X-ray fluorescence, it can be demonstrated that Ca and Si are the dominant elements and interestingly, Ca content is directly correlated with ash content and with alkaline reserve. Accelerated degradation was performed at two sets of environmental conditions, i.e. 90 °C, 30% RH and 60 °C, 70% RH, and the established degradation rates agreed with the Collections Demography model of paper degradation meaning that degradation of Xuan papers proceeds in the same way as other types of paper. This research gives fundamental insights into contemporary unsized Xuan papers, which exhibit good stability during accelerated degradation despite the low starting DP in the context of the samples used in this study. Our findings may inform methods of Xuan paper production, selection of Xuan paper for conservation purposes, as well as preventive conservation of Xuan paper-based artefacts.
PIMP My Many-Core: Pipeline-Integrated Message Passing
Authors: Mische Jörg , Frieb Martin , Stegmeier Alexander , Ungerer Theo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo improve the scalability, several many-core architectures use message passing instead of shared memory accesses for communication. Unfortunately, Direct Memory Access (DMA) transfers in a shared address space are usually used to emulate message passing, which entails a lot of overhead and thwarts the advantages of message passing. Recently proposed register-level message passing alternatives use special instructions to send the contents of a single register to another core. The reduced communication overhead and architectural simplicity lead to good many-core scalability. After investigating several other approaches in terms of hardware complexity and throughput overhead, we recommend a small instruction set extension to enable register-level message passing at minimal hardware costs and describe its integration into a classical five stage RISC-V pipeline.
Are Children With Autism More Likely to Retain Object Names When Learning From Colour Photographs or Black-and-White Cartoons?
Authors: Carter Cheriece K. , Hartley Calum 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor the first time, this study investigated whether children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) children matched on language comprehension (M age equivalent =  ~ 44 months) are more likely to retain words when learning from colour photographs than black-and-white cartoons. Participants used mutual exclusivity to fast map novel word-picture relationships and retention was assessed following a 5-min delay. Children with ASD achieved significantly greater retention accuracy when learning from photographs rather than cartoons and, surprisingly, responded more accurately than TD children when learning from photographs. Our results demonstrate that children with ASD benefit from greater iconicity when learning words from pictures, providing a data-grounded rationale for using colour photographs when administering picture-based interventions.
Thoughts on the popularity of ICSI
Authors: Haddad Mounia , Stewart Joshua , Xie Philip , Cheung Stephanie , Trout Aysha , Keating Derek , Parrella Alessandra , Lawrence Sherina , Rosenwaks Zev , Palermo Gianpiero D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeIntracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is the most widely utilized assisted reproductive technique (ART) worldwide. In this feature, we review the early assisted fertilization attempts that eventually led to the development of ICSI, and discuss its current utilization in cases of male and non-male factor infertility.MethodsWe researched the literature related to the development, indications, and current use of ICSI, such as sperm structural abnormalities, male genetic indications, surgically retrieved sperm, high sperm chromatin fragmentation, oocyte dysmorphism, and preimplantation genetic testing (PGT). We also describe the potential future applications of ICSI.ResultsThis review summarizes the early micromanipulation techniques that led to the inception of ICSI. We also explore its current indications, including non-male factor infertility, where its use is more controversial. Finally, we consider the benefits of future advancements in reproductive biology that may incorporate ICSI, such as in vitro spermatogenesis, neogametogenesis, and heritable genome editing.ConclusionThe versatility, consistency, and reliability of ICSI have made it the most prevalently utilized ART procedure worldwide.
A real-time prediction model for macroseismic intensity in China
Authors: Weixiao Xu , Weisong Yang , Dehu Yu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe macroseismic intensity spatial distribution is an important input for most rapid loss modeling and emergency work. Data from a total of 175 earthquakes (Ms ≥ 5.0) in China from 1966 to 2014 were collected, and the rapid assessment method of macroseismic intensity distribution was studied. First, simple relationships among the epicentral intensity, magnitude, and focal depth were established. A greater amount of database is used in this study than that in a previous work (Fu and Liu in Sci R 4(5): 350-354 (1960), Mei in Chin J Geophys 9(1): 1–18 (1960), and Yan et al. in Sci Chin 11: 1050-1058 (1984)), and the studied earthquakes all occurred in the last 50 years, providing more accurate and uniform parameter information. As the seismic intensity-attenuation relationship is traditionally used to estimate the intensity distribution, the macroseismic intensity-attenuation relationship for mainland China was fitted by the earthquake data collected in this region. The deviation of the intensity assessment by the macroseismic intensity-attenuation relationship was examined for 43 earthquakes (Ms ≥ 6.0). In addition, seismic damage emergency assessment work requires the isoseismal lines to be constantly modified according to the updated information. Therefore, an improved ellipse intensity-attenuation model was proposed in this study, completed by the establishment of a semimajor axis and semiminor axis length matrix. Based on the initial value of the length matrix obtained by the regression of historical data and survey data from the site, the least mean squares (LMS) algorithm is used to revise the length matrix. In the end, the practicability of this method is verified by a case study of the Lijiang 7.0 earthquake.
Going concern modifications and related disclosures in the Italian stock market: do regulatory improvements help investors in capturing financial distress?
Authors: Brunelli Sandro , Carlino Chiara , Castellano Rosella , Giosi Alessandro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the investor reaction to audit reports containing a going concern modification (GCM) in the Italian market following new amendments regarding auditing regulations and public financial information disclosures. We applied the event study (ES) methodology to short event windows considering Italian listed companies during the period 2009–2015. Our findings partially contradict previous studies revealing a systematic negative impact of GCMs, especially when a GCM is attached to unqualified opinions. We clearly observe that Italian auditors have a strong higher propensity to issue a GCM than to express a qualification. Moreover, we find other interesting results that contradict the mainstream literature, detecting a stronger negative reaction in the case of recurring GCMs and when the modification is issued by non-Big 4 auditing firms. These differences could be explained considering the environmental characteristics of the Italian market such as the ownership structure, governance mechanisms and accounting culture, where minority investors act against ownership in accordance with the type II agency problem. Our empirical results suggest that the domestic and international regulatory amendments during the study period have increased the value relevance of GCMs and the usefulness of financial disclosures. This study might be of interest to practitioners and regulators in regard to contributing to the introduction of further regulatory interventions that will enhance both the informativeness of audit reports and awareness of investors in regard to going concern uncertainty.
Nitrate uptake and carbon exudation – do plant roots stimulate or inhibit denitrification?
Authors: Rummel Pauline Sophie , Well Reinhard , Pfeiffer Birgit , Dittert Klaus , Floßmann Sebastian , Pausch Johanna 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background and aims
Plant growth affects soil moisture, mineral N and organic C availability in soil, all of which influence denitrification. With increasing plant growth, root exudation may stimulate denitrification, while N uptake restricts nitrate availability.

Methods
We conducted a double labeling pot experiment with either maize (Zea mays L.) or cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) of the same age but differing in size of their shoot and root systems. The 15N gas flux method was applied to directly quantify N2O and N2 fluxes in situ. To link denitrification with available C in the rhizosphere, 13CO2 pulse labeling was used to trace C translocation from shoots to roots and its release by roots into the soil.

Results
Plant water and N uptake were the main factors controlling daily N2O + N2 fluxes, cumulative N emissions, and N2O production pathways. Accordingly, pool-derived N2O + N2 emissions were 30–40 times higher in the treatment with highest soil NO3− content and highest soil moisture. CO2 efflux from soil was positively correlated with root dry matter, but we could not detect any relationship between root-derived C and N2O + N2 emissions.

Conclusions
Root-derived C may stimulate denitrification under small plants, while N and water uptake become the controlling factors with increasing plant and root growth.
Evaluating cost-effectiveness in the management of neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: White B. E. , Mujica-Mota R. , Snowsill T. , Gamper E. M. , Srirajaskanthan R. , Ramage J. K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe rapid evolution of novel, costly therapies for neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN) warrants formal high-quality cost-effectiveness evaluation. Costs of individual investigations and therapies are high; and examples are presented. We aimed to review the last ten years of standalone health economic evaluations in NEN. Comparing to published standards, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), NHS Economic Evaluation Database and the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Database were searched for health economic evaluations (HEEs) in NEN published between 2010 and October 2019. Of 12 economic evaluations, 11 considered exclusively pharmacological treatment (3 studies of SSAs, 7 studies of sunitinib, everolimus and/or 177Lu-DOTATATE and 1 study of telotristat ethyl) and 1 compared surgery with intraarterial therapy. 7 studies of pharmacological treatment had placebo or best supportive care as the only comparator. There remains a paucity of economic evaluations in NEN with the majority industry funded. Most HEEs reviewed did not meet published health economic criteria used to assess quality. Lack of cost data collected from patient populations remains a significant factor in HEEs where clinical expert opinion is still often substituted. Further research utilizing high-quality effectiveness data and rigorous applied health economic analysis is needed.