bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Core–Shell Structured NiFeSn@NiFe (Oxy)Hydroxide Nanospheres from an Electrochemical Strategy for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chen Mingxing , Lu Shenglin , Fu Xian‐Zhu , Luo Jing‐Li 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEfficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are highly desirable because of the intrinsically sluggish kinetics of OER. Herein, core–shell structured nanospheres of NiFexSn@NiFe (oxy)hydroxide (denoted as NiFexSn‐A) are prepared as active OER catalysts by a facile electrochemical strategy, which includes electrodeposition of NiFexSn alloy nanospheres on carbon cloth (CC) and following anodization. The alloy core of NiFexSn could promote charge transfer, and the amorphous shell of NiFe (oxy)hydroxide is defect‐rich and nanoporous due to the selective electrochemical etching of Sn in alkaline medium. The optimized catalyst of NiFe0.5Sn‐A displays a remarkable OER performance with a low overpotential of 260 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 50 mV dec−1, a high turnover frequency of 0.194 s−1 at an overpotential of 300 mV, and a robust durability. Further characterizations indicate that the superior OER performance of the core–shell structured NiFe0.5Sn‐A nanospheres might originate from abundant active sites and small charge transfer resistance. This work brings a new perspective to the design and synthesis of core–shell structured nanospheres for electrocatalysis through a facile electrochemical strategy.
Optimization of plant density and nitrogen regimes to mitigate lodging risk in wheat
Authors: Khan Aaqil , Ahmad Akhlaq , Ali Waqar , Hussain Sajad , Ajayo Babatope Samuel , Raza Muhammad Ali , Kamran Muhammad , Te Xiao , al Amin Noor , Ali Siyad , Iqbal Nasir , Khan Imran , Sattar Muhammad Tayyab , Ali Asif , Wu Yushan , Yang Wenyu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInfluences of planting density and nitrogen rate have been investigated frequently in targeted wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) research. Few studies have investigated interactions between these inputs. The objective was to determine the combine effect of N and seeding rates on culm morph‐physiological traits for lodging tolerance and grain yield. The experiment used a split‐split randomized block design using two wheat varieties ‘AnNong0711’ and ‘YanNong19’, split by four seeding (180, 240, 300, and 375 × 104 ha−1) and four N rates (0, 180, 240, and 300 kg ha−1). Lodging traits of plant height, culm height center of gravity, and internode length, increased (p < .05) however, stem diameter, wall thickness, and stem breaking strength decreased with increasing N and seeding rate. Stem breaking strength was negatively correlated with culm height center of gravity (r = −.869, p = .01), internode length (r = −.872, p < .01), and lignin (r = −.746, p < .01) but positively correlated with internode diameter (r = .715, p < .05) and wall thickness (r = .696, p < .05). Culm lodging index and cellulose showed positive correlation (r = .807 and .913 respectively) with lignin. Compared to YanNong19, AnNong0711 showed higher grain yield and culm lodging index of 9 and 20.49%, respectively. For improved grain yield, 180 plants m−2 was optimal in surface combinations with 210 kg N ha−1 for AnNong0711 and 200 kg N ha−1 for YanNong19. These combinations of seeding and N rates could successfully mitigate lodging and improve grain yield.
Promoting the sulfuric acid catalyzed isobutane alkylation by quaternary ammonium ionic liquids
Authors: Cao Piao , Yuan Yuan , Huang Chizhou , Sun Weizhen , Zhao Ling 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSeven typical quaternary ammonium ionic liquids, amino acid ionic liquids, and imidazolium ionic liquids were synthesized, characterized, and investigated as co‐catalyst for the sulfuric acid catalyzed isobutane alkylation. The results show that the introduction of [OPSIm][HSO4] or [Pr3NPS][HSO4] both leads to a better catalytic performance and higher quality of alkylate products. The molecular dynamic simulation indicates that the [OPSIm][HSO4] can promote the dissolution of isobutane molecules at interface, further improving the ratio of isobutane to olefin from 1.02 to 1.18. Differently, the [Pr3NPS][HSO4] can significantly increase the interface width from 0.66 to 0.97 nm and reduce the interface tension from 28.49 to 14.62 mN/m, thereby enhancing the reaction area and improving the ion transfer. The [Pro][HSO4] and [Gly][HSO4] result in a worse quality of alkylate products due to no positive effect on the interfacial properties such as interfacial solubility of isobutane.
Inflammation and central adiposity as mediators of depression and uncontrolled diabetes in the study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE)
Authors: Dona Allison C. , DeLouize Alicia M. , Eick Geeta , Thiele Elizabeth , Salinas Rodríguez Aarón , Manrique Espinoza Betty Soledad , Robledo Ricardo , Villalpando Salvador , Naidoo Nirmala , Chatterji Somnath , Kowal Paul , Snodgrass J. Josh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesDiabetes and depression are commonly present in the same individuals, suggesting the possibility of underlying shared physiological processes. Inflammation, as assessed with the biomarker C‐reactive protein (CRP), has not consistently explained the observed relationship between diabetes and depression, although both are associated with inflammation and share proposed inflammatory mechanisms. Central adiposity has also been associated with both conditions, potentially by causing increased inflammation. This study uses the World Health Organization's Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Mexico Wave 1 biomarker data (n = 1831) to evaluate if inflammation and central adiposity mediate the relationship between depression and diabetes.MethodsDepression was estimated using a behavior‐based diagnostic algorithm, inflammation using venous dried blood spot (DBS) CRP, central adiposity using waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR), and uncontrolled diabetes using venous DBS‐glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).ResultsThe association between depression and uncontrolled diabetes was partially mediated by CRP before but not after WHtR was considered. When WHtR was added to the model, it partially mediated the relationship between diabetes and depression while fully mediating the relationship between depression and CRP.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that central adiposity may be a more significant mediator between diabetes and depression than inflammation and account for the relationship between these disorders and inflammation. Depression may cause an increase in central adiposity, which then may lead to diabetes, but the increase in known systemic inflammatory pathways caused by central adiposity may not be the key pathological mechanism.
Seasonality and season of birth effect in the UK Biobank cohort
Authors: Didikoglu Altug , Canal Maria Mercè , Pendleton Neil , Payton Antony 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesHumans live in environments that reduce the impact of seasonal cues. However, studies suggest that many aspects of human biology, such as birth, metabolism, health, and death are still annually rhythmic.MethodsUsing UK Biobank, a large (N = 502 536) population‐based resource, we investigated the influence of seasonality on birth rate, basal metabolic rate, health, reaction speed, and sleep. We also investigated the association between season of birth and regional brain volumes, basal metabolic rate, health, reaction speed, and sleep.ResultsOur results showed that annual birth rate peaks in April and May. Individuals had the highest basal metabolic rate in December and January. Poorer subjective general health and slower reaction time were observed in May. Susceptibility to insomnia showed an opposite trend that peaked in autumn and winter. People reported shorter periods of sleep, easier waking, earlier chronotype, more daytime dozing, and napping in summer compared with winter. Our results suggest that season of birth may influence later‐life characteristics. We also observed that the effect of season of birth is in the opposite direction of the seasonal rhythm for basal metabolic rate, reaction time, and insomnia. Moreover, our analysis showed that prevalence of allergy is higher among people born in spring compared to autumn.ConclusionsOverall, our findings indicate a significant effect of seasonality on a range of human traits and that early‐life seasons appear to have an effect on health and behaviors in adulthood.
Spectrum of amyloglucosidase mutations in Asian Indian patients with Glycogen storage disease type III
Authors: Perveen Shama , Gupta Neerja , Kumar Manoj , Kaur Punit , Chowdhury Madhumita R. , Kabra Madhulika 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGlycogen storage disease type III (GSD III) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of glycogen degradation pathway due to deficiency or reduced activity of glycogen debranching enzyme (GDE) that results in accumulation of abnormal glycogen in the liver, muscle, and heart. The cardinal hallmarks are hepatomegaly, fasting hypoglycemia, seizures, growth retardation, progressive skeletal myopathy, and cardiomyopathy in few. To date, 258 mutations in amyloglucosidase (AGL) gene have been identified worldwide. However, the mutation spectrum in the Asian Indian region is yet to be well characterized. We investigated 24 patients of Asian origin from 21 unrelated families with a provisional diagnosis of GSD III based on clinical and biochemical criteria. Molecular diagnosis was assessed by bidirectional sequencing and the impact of novel missense variants on the tertiary (three‐dimensional) structure of GDE was evaluated by molecular modeling approach. Eighteen different pathogenic variants were identified, out of which 78% were novel. Novel variants included five nonsense, three small duplications and two small deletions, a splice site variant, and three missense variants. Variations in Exons 4, 14, 19, 24, 27, and 33 accounted for 61% of the total pathogenic variants identified and Allele p.Gly798Alafs*3 showed a high allele frequency of 11%. Molecular modeling study of novel pathogenic missense variants indicated the probable underlying molecular mechanism of adverse impact of variations on the structure and catalytic function of human GDE. Our study is the first large study on GSD III from the Asian subcontinent, which further expands the mutation spectrum of AGL.
KBG syndrome in two patients from Egypt
Authors: Sayed Inas S. M. , Abdel‐Hamid Mohamed S. , Abdel‐Salam Ghada M.H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractKBG syndrome is an intellectual disability (ID) associated with multiple congenital anomalies in which the macrodontia could be the clue for the diagnosis. It is caused either by heterozygous variant in ANKRD11 gene or 16q24.3 microdeletions that involve the ANKRD11 gene. Here, we report on two unrelated male patients who presented with ID, short stature, webbing of neck, and cryptorchidism. Noonan syndrome was suspected first but the presence of macrodontia in both patients pointed to KBG syndrome which was confirmed thereafter by the identification of a novel pathogenic variant in ANKRD11 gene, c.5488G>T (p.E1830*). Macrodontia was noticed in all the deciduous anterior teeth in Patient 1. This observation was reported previously in few patients, but it seems to be a common feature that could be misdiagnosed as premature eruption of teeth. Therefore, our results confirm that maxillary permanent central incisors may not be the only teeth affected in KBG but also all the deciduous teeth. Interestingly, desquamative gingivitis was additionally noted in Patient 1, which has not been reported previously, however; it could be a coincidental finding. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report from Egypt.
Veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe pneumonia: COVID‐19 case in Japan
Authors: Taniguchi Hayato , Ogawa Fumihiro , Honzawa Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Keishi , Niida Shoko , Shinohara Mafumi , Takahashi Kohei , Iwashita Masayuki , Abe Takeru , Kubo Sousuke , Kudo Makoto , Takeuchi Ichiro 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundVeno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV‐ECMO) is one of the ultimate treatments for acute respiratory failure. However, the effectiveness of ECMO in patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is unknown.Case PresentationA 72‐year‐old woman who was a passenger of a cruise ship tested positive for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) while in quarantine on board using throat swab. Three days after admission, her condition deteriorated, and she was subsequently intubated. On day 6, VV‐ECMO was introduced. Lopinavir/ritonavir was given; continuous renal replacement therapy was also introduced. On day 10, her chest radiography and lung compliance improved. She was weaned off ECMO on day 12.ConclusionTreatment of severe pneumonia in COVID‐19 by ECMO should recognize lung plasticity considering time to ECMO introduction and interstitial biomarkers. In Japan, centralization of ECMO patients has not been sufficient. Thus, we suggest nationwide centralization and further research to respond to the crisis caused by COVID‐19.
Stiff‐Stilbene Photoswitches: From Fundamental Studies to Emergent Applications
Authors: Villarón David , Wezenberg Sander J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStiff‐stilbene, a sterically restricted fused ring analogue of stilbene, has been regularly used as a model compound in theoretical studies of stilbene photoisomerization. Lately, owing to its excellent photoswitching properties, it is increasingly being applied to reversibly control the properties and function of chemical as well as biological systems. Stiff‐stilbene photoswitches possess a number of advantageous properties including a high quantum yield for photoisomerization and a high thermal stability. Furthermore, they undergo a large geometrical change upon isomerization and their synthesis is straightforward. Herein, we provide an overview of the basic properties of stiff‐stilbene and of recent applications in supramolecular chemistry, catalysis, and biological systems.
A Memristive Element Based on an Electrically Controlled Single‐Molecule Reaction
Authors: Li Haipeng B. , Tebikachew Behabitu E. , Wiberg Cedrik , Moth‐Poulsen Kasper , Hihath Joshua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe exponential proliferation of data during the information age has required the continuous exploration of novel storage paradigms, materials, and devices with increasing data density. As a step toward the ultimate limits in data density, the development of an electrically controllable single‐molecule memristive element is reported. In this device, digital information is encoded through switching between two isomer states by applying a voltage signal to the molecular junction, and the information is read out by monitoring the electrical conductance of each isomer. The two states are cycled using an electrically controllable local‐heating mechanism for the forward reaction and catalyzed by a single charge‐transfer process for the reverse switching. This single‐molecule device can be modulated in situ, is fully reversible, and does not display stochastic switching. The I–V curves of this single‐molecule system also exhibit memristive character. These features suggest a new approach for the development of molecular switching systems and storage‐class memories.
Viscoelastic and electrical properties of RGO reinforced phenol formaldehyde nanocomposites
Authors: Sandhya Pattoorpady Krishnan , Sreekala M. S. , Xian Guijun , Padmanabhan Moothetty , Kalarikkal Nandakumar , Thomas Sabu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGraphene oxide was reduced (RGO) by naturally abundant potato starch and incorporated in phenol formaldehyde resin (PF). The PF/RGO nanocomposites were successfully fabricated by the combination of solution processing and compression molding. Here, nanocomposites composed of 0.05 wt% to 1 wt% RGO were prepared. The incorporation of RGO into the PF matrix was significantly affecting the dynamic mechanical characteristics of the nanocomposites such as storage and loss modulus and tan δ. The degree of entanglement (N), effectiveness of filler (βf), reinforcement efficiency factor (r), cross‐link density (vc), and adhesion factor (A) were evaluated from the modulus values. Besides, the phase behavior of the nanocomposites was analyzed with help of Cole–Cole plot. The electrical properties of the nanocomposites have been studied concerning change in filler loading and frequency. The dielectric constant (ε′), dielectric loss (ε″) and conductivity were increased with increase in wt% of filler for the entire range of frequencies (20 Hz to 30 MHz) and the results showed that the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites can be explained by percolation theory. The Maxwell‐Garnet model was employed to calculate the theoretical dielectric constant of PF/RGO nanocomposites.
High‐dimensional Polyoxoniobates Constructed from Lanthanide‐incorporated High‐nuclear {[Ln(H2O)4]3[Nb24O69(H2O)3]2} Secondary Building Units
Authors: Zhang Jing , Lai Rong‐Da , Wu Yan‐Lan , Zhu Zeng‐Kui , Sun Yan‐Qiong , Zeng Qing‐Xin , Li Xin‐Xiong , Zheng Shou‐Tian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, two rare high‐dimensional polyoxoniobates with formulas of H9[Cu(en)(H2O)2][Cu(en)2]8[Dy(H2O)4]3[Nb24‐O69(H2O)3]2 ⋅ 36H2O (1) and H9K[Cu(en)2(H2O)]5[Cu(en)2]4‐[Eu(H2O)4]3[Nb24O69(H2O)3]2 ⋅ 2en ⋅ 45H2O (2) have been obtained under hydrothermal conditions. These extended materials are constructed from lanthanide‐incorporated triangular‐prism‐like polyoxoniobate secondary building units (SBUs) {[Ln(H2O)4]3[Nb24O69(H2O)3]2} (Ln=Dy, Eu). 1 and 2 represent the first examples of high‐dimensional polyoxometalate materials based on such lanthanide‐incorporated triangular‐prism‐like polyoxoniobate SBUs. Furthermore, the proton conduction property and the luminescent emission of these materials were evaluated.
Gender Differences in Emotion Dysregulation in an Autism Inpatient Psychiatric Sample
Authors: Wieckowski Andrea Trubanova , Luallin Stephanie , Pan Zhaoxing , Righi Giulia , Gabriels Robin L. , Mazefsky Carla 
Published: March 2020

There is a wide range of emotion regulation (ER)‐related impairment observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is associated with both internalizing and externalizing problems. Although the importance of ER is widely acknowledged in the ASD literature, little is known about factors associated with variability in ER impairment. Given the identified gender differences in ASD, gender may be a potential contributor to ER. This study examined gender differences in ER in an ASD inpatient psychiatric sample (n = 722; 146 females) aged 4–20 years, collected as part of the Autism Inpatient Collection. In addition, the study investigated whether age, nonverbal intelligence quotient (NVIQ), or verbal ability moderate the association between ER and gender. While both male and female inpatients with ASD presented with clinically elevated emotion dysregulation compared to general population norms, results suggest that female psychiatric inpatients have more severe dysregulation, including higher reactivity and dysphoria, than inpatient males. NVIQ and verbal ability did not moderate the association between gender and ER. Age moderated the association between gender and ER, with greater gender difference seen in older individuals, but only for dysphoria. However, overall, these effects were small. Improved understanding of ER presentation in males and females with ASD is critical, as these symptoms may differentially impact individuals with ASD and may warrant a different treatment emphasis.Lay SummaryPrevious research has identified several gender differences in presentation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms, as well as difficulties with emotion regulation in individuals with ASD. In order to better understand the factors that may contribute to emotion regulation in ASD, this study examined whether psychiatrically hospitalized males and females with ASD differed in emotion regulation and what factors influenced the differences. Results suggest that females with ASD have slightly but significantly more difficulty with emotion regulation compared to males. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1343–1348. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lithium Metal Interface Modification for High‐Energy Batteries: Approaches and Characterization
Authors: Lee Jung‐In , Song Gyujin , Cho Sungjin , Han Dong‐Yeob , Park Soojin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRechargeable batteries have been a profoundly greater part of our lives than we could have ever imagined. The rechargeable Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) that have been developed for transport systems even put fossil fuels in the corner. However, state‐of‐the‐art Li‐ion batteries with graphite anodes are now approaching their theoretical specific energy limits, so they cannot meet the increasing demands of a range of portable electronics and large‐scale energy storage systems. Li metal is one of the most promising anode materials that could break through the energy density bottleneck of Li‐ion batteries due to its ultrahigh specific capacity and very low potential compared to other anode materials. Nonetheless, the direct use of Li metal in commercial battery systems has been hindered due to significant obstacles associated with it such as safety issues, corrosion from chemical reactions that occur inside the battery, or poor cycling performance. The fundamental reason for these problems is the dendritic growth of Li‐ions on the Li metal anode during cycling, as a result of the interfacial phenomena of Li metal and electrolytes. Modification of the Li metal interface with an electrolyte presents an efficient solution to solve these problems. In this review, the current challenges facing the development of Li metal anodes are presented in detail. The most recent advances in Li metal anodes using a controlled interface between the Li metal surface and an electrolyte are highlighted and an introduction on the synthesis and production methods for the application of high‐energy‐density battery systems such as Li‐oxygen (Li−O2), Li‐sulfur (Li−S), and Li metal batteries with high‐energy density cathodes is presented. Furthermore, the recent developments in the in situ/operando analysis tools adopted for the investigation of Li metal anodes such as the structural and chemical changes, dynamic properties, and solid–electrolyte interface (SEI) layer properties are described and summarized. Finally, some suggestions are given in the direction of the development of Li metal with artificial surface layers for use in future high‐energy batteries.
Towards sustainable energy‐crop cultivation: feasibility of biomethane production using a double‐cropping system with various sorghum phenotypes
Authors: Garuti Mirco , Mantovi Paolo , Soldano Mariangela , Immovilli Alessandra , Ruozzi Fabrizio , Fermoso Fernando G. , Rodriguez Antonia J. , Fabbri Claudio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo achieve sustainable energy crop production, energy crops should not compete for land against feed and food crops. One option for sustainable energy‐crop cultivation is the use of double cropping systems with minimum tillage use and digestate as natural fertilizer, where, in the same growing season, a second crop for biomethane production is planted after a first crop used for feed/food. Different sorghum phenotypes were evaluated in the present study as first and second crops in a double cropping system. A principal component analysis of the various sorghum phenotypes showed that starch content positively affected methane production. However, sorghum chemical composition did not influence the profitability of bioenergy production as much as the total solid biomass yields of the different sorghum phenotypes. The highest total solid biomass productive sorghum phenotype led to the highest methane hectare yield. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd