bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial burst of root development with decreasing respiratory carbon cost in Fagus crenata Blume seedlings
Authors: Kurosawa Yoko , Mori Shigeta , Wang Mofei , Ferrio Juan Pedro , Yamaji Keiko , Koyama Kohei , Haruma Toshikatsu , Doyama Kohei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs terrestrial plants are rooted in one place, their metabolism must be acclimatized to continuously changing environmental conditions. This process is influenced by different metabolic traits of plant organs during ontogeny. However, direct measurement of organ‐specific metabolic rates is particularly scarce, and little is known about their roles in whole‐plant metabolism. In this study, we investigated size scaling of respiration rate, fresh mass and surface area of leaves, stems and roots in 65 seedlings of Fagus crenata Blume (2 weeks to 16 months old). With the increase in plant mass, the proportion of roots in whole plants increased from 20.8 to 87.3% in fresh mass and from 12.8 to 95.0% in surface area, whereas there was only a 15.6 to 60.2% increase in respiration rate. As a result, the fresh‐mass‐specific and surface‐area‐specific respiration rates in the roots decreased by 85% and 90%, respectively, and these decreases were significantly size dependent. However, such a size‐dependent decrease was not observed for the surface‐area‐specific respiration rate in the leaves and stems. It is likely that this rapid root development is specific to the early growth stage after germination and would help plants acquire water and nutrients efficiently (i.e., at relatively low respiratory carbon costs). Overall, it is probable that the establishment of F. crenata forests and survival of F. crenata seedlings could be promoted by substantial root growth, with a reduction in respiratory carbon cost.
Modification of myofibrillar protein functional properties prepared by various strategies: A comprehensive review
Authors: Xu Yujuan , Xu Xinglian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractToday, both consumers and food industry producers have exhibited an ever‐growing interest in improving and broadening the functional performance of proteins in food industry. Myofibrillar protein (MP) is mainly responsible for texture, yield and organoleptic characteristics of final meat products. To increase functional properties of MP, technological and nutritional improvement of MP is needed to modify its structure and functionalities. Considerable approaches, including additives, oxidation treatments, and novel food processing technologies, have been utilized to modify its functional properties to manufacture acceptable meat products with lower cost and more desirable nutritional characteristics. However, a comprehensive summary of structural and functional changes of MP in response to different modification strategies is still lacking. Hence, in this review paper, our main goal is first to provide an overview of the functional characteristics of MP. Then, this review will mainly discuss the current knowledge on the functional changes of MP caused by various modification methods and will present some examples of previous works and recent progress. Finally, future outlooks are presented to tailor the manufacture of functionality enhanced and value‐added muscle‐based products and enable modified MP can be applied as a novel meat ingredient in food industry.
Microbial diversity and structure in the gastrointestinal tracts of two stranded short‐finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) and a pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps)
Authors: BAI Shijie , ZHANG Peijun , LIN Mingli , LIN Wenzhi , YANG Zixin , LI Songhai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInformation on the gut microbiome composition of different mammals could provide novel insights into the evolution of mammals and succession of microbial communities in different hosts. However, there is limited information on the gut microbiome composition of marine mammals, especially cetaceans because of sampling constraints. In this study, we investigated the diversity and composition of microbial communities in the stomach, midgut, and hindgut of 2 stranded short‐finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) and hindgut of a stranded pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) by using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing technology. On the basis of the 50 most abundant operational taxonomic units, principal coordinate analysis, and non‐metric multidimensional scaling analysis, we confirmed that the gut microbial communities of the 3 whales were different. Our results revealed that the gut microbiome of 1 stranded short‐finned pilot whale GM16 was dominated by Firmicutes (mainlyClostridium) and Fusobacteria; whereas that of the other pilot whale GM19 was composed of Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes (mainlyVibrioandBacteroides, respectively), probably caused by intestinal disease and antibiotic treatment. The gut microbiome of the pygmy sperm whale was dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Moreover, different gastrointestinal tract regions harbored different microbial community structures. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the gut microbiome of short‐finned pilot whales, and our findings will expand our current knowledge on microbial diversity and composition in the gastrointestinal tract of cetaceans.
Head elevation and laryngeal mask airway Supreme insertion: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Park Jun‐Young , Yu Jihion , Hong Jun Hyuk , Hwang Jai‐Hyun , Kim Young‐Kug 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundA laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is usually inserted by conventional 7 cm head elevation. However, little is known about the association of head elevation degree and LMA insertion. We hypothesized that 14 cm head elevation would increase the first attempt success rate of LMA Supreme insertion compared with conventional 7 cm head elevation in patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumour.MethodsPatients were randomly allocated to the high group (n = 55, 14 cm head elevation) or the control group (n = 55, conventional 7 cm head elevation). The primary outcome was the first attempt success rate of LMA Supreme insertion.ResultsThe first attempt success rate was significantly higher in the high group than in the control group (53 [96.4%] vs 40 [72.7%], P = .001, relative risk = 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12‐1.57, absolute risk reduction = 23.7%). Fibreoptic bronchoscope grade 4 (ie optimal position of the LMA) was significantly higher in the high group (35 [64.8%] vs 18 [36.7%], P = .004, relative risk = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.16‐2.68, absolute risk reduction = 30.9%).ConclusionsHead elevation of 14 cm height increased the first attempt success rate of LMA Supreme insertion and fibreoptic bronchoscopic grade in patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumour. High head elevation can be an effective option for successful LMA Supreme insertion.Trial Registry Number: Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04229862).
Exercise‐linked improvement in age‐associated loss of balance is associated with increased vestibular input to motor neurons
Authors: Battilana Fabienne , Steurer Stefan , Rizzi Giorgio , Delgado Ana C. , Tan Kelly R. , Handschin Christoph 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAge‐associated loss of muscle function is exacerbated by a concomitant reduction in balance, leading to gait abnormalities and falls. Even though balance defects can be mitigated by exercise, the underlying neural mechanisms are unknown. We now have investigated components of the proprioceptive and vestibular systems in specific motor neuron pools in sedentary and trained old mice, respectively. We observed a strong age‐linked deterioration in both circuits, with a mitigating effect of exercise on vestibular synapse numbers on motor neurons, closely associated with an improvement in gait and balance in old mice. Our results thus describe how the proprioceptive and vestibular systems are modulated by age and exercise, and how these changes affect their input to motor neurons. These findings not only make a strong case for exercise‐based interventions in elderly individuals to improve balance, but could also lead to targeted therapeutic interventions aimed at the respective neuronal circuitry.
Impact of IFRS adoption on audit pricing: evidence from audit hours and unit audit price in the Korean audit market
Authors: Kang Minjung , Lee Jung‐wha , Ha Mihye , Cho Moon‐Kyung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe investigate the impact of IFRS adoption on audit fee components, namely audit hours and unit audit price. We find that IFRS adoption increases audit hours but decreases unit audit price, which indicates audit firms cannot charge extra audit fees for their additional effort in a competitive audit market. Further, the IFRS‐related audit fee increase depends on the client’s bargaining power and audit risk. We thus suggest that the economic burden caused by IFRS adoption cannot be generalised for audit clients, because a competitive audit market imposes an informal limit on audit pricing.
Dosage of oxytocin for augmentation of labor and women’s childbirth experiences: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Selin Lotta , Berg Marie , Wennerholm Ulla‐Britt , Dencker Anna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to compare childbirth experiences and experience of labor pain in primiparous women who had received high‐ vs low‐dose oxytocin for augmentation of delayed labor.Material and methodsA multicenter, parallel, double‐blind randomized controlled trial took place in six Swedish labor wards. Inclusion criteria were healthy primiparous women at term with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies, cephalic fetal presentation, spontaneous onset of labor, confirmed delayed labor progress and ruptured membranes. The randomized controlled trial compared high‐ vs low‐dose oxytocin used for augmentation of a delayed labor progress. The Childbirth Experience Questionnaire version 2 (CEQ2) was sent to the women 1 month after birth. The CEQ2 consists of 22 items in four domains: Own capacity, Perceived safety, Professional support and Participation. In addition, labor pain was reported with a visual analog scale (VAS) 2 hours postpartum and 1 month after birth. The main outcome was the childbirth experience measured with the four domains of the CEQ2. The clinical trial number is NCT01587625.ResultsThe CEQ2 was sent to 1203 women, and a total of 1008 women (83.8%) answered the questionnaire. The four domains of childbirth experience were scored similarly in the high‐ and low‐dose oxytocin groups of women: Own capacity (P = .36), Perceived safety (P = .44), Professional support (P = .84), Participation (P = .49). VAS scores of labor pain were reported as similar in both oxytocin dosage groups. Labor pain was scored higher 1 month after birth compared with 2 hours postpartum. There was an association between childbirth experiences and mode of birth in both the high‐ and low‐dose oxytocin groups.ConclusionsDifferent dosage of oxytocin for augmentation of delayed labor did not affect women’s childbirth experiences assessed through CEQ2 1 month after birth, or pain assessment 2 hours or 1 month after birth.
Characterising and managing paediatric SARSCoV‐2 infection: Learning about the virus in a global classroom
Authors: Cardenas Maria C. , Bustos Samyd S. , Enninga Elizabeth Ann L. , Mofenson Lynne , Chakraborty Rana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThis study is a comprehensive review with the purpose of collecting the most relevant data in several sections including current treatment guidelines in the paediatric population.MethodsLiterature was systematically searched in different databases. Results were limited to 2019+ and English, French and Spanish language.ResultsChildren can exhibit mild and less severe COVID‐19 disease than adults and also have asymptomatic carriage of SARS‐CoV‐2, while severe disease is more frequently noted during infancy (<1 year). SARS‐CoV‐2 binds the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE‐2) receptor; age‐, racial‐, and gender‐specific differences in ACE‐2 expression need to be elucidated in order to explain the differential clinical profiles between children and adults. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) is an important condition to recognise in children. The decision to use antiviral or immunomodulatory therapy in a child or adolescent should be individualised based on the clinical scenario. Remdesivir is the only FDA‐approved therapy available for children older than 12 years old who require hospitalisation for COVID‐19.ConclusionFurther studies are urgently required to address prevention and treatment in at‐risk and infected children, especially with underlying comorbidities. The chapter on the overall impact of COVID‐19 in children has not yet been written. Nevertheless, SARS‐CoV‐2 has now joined a long list of human pandemics, which may forever change the world's history.
Second‐trimester and early third‐trimester spontaneous uterine rupture: A 32‐year single‐center survey
Authors: Maymon Ron , Mor Matan , Betser Moshe , Kugler Nadav , Vaknin Zvi , Pekar‐Zlotin Marina , Melcer Yaakov 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSecond‐trimester and early third‐trimester uterine rupture in a nonlaboring woman is a very rare and life‐threatening condition for both mothers and newborns. We aimed to present clinical characteristics, prenatal findings, and maternal and neonatal outcomes following second‐trimester and early third‐trimester spontaneous antepartum uterine rupture in our institute.MethodThe medical records of all women with full‐thickness second‐trimester and early third‐trimester uterine rupture treated in our department from 1988 to 2019 were retrieved from the institutional database and reviewed. Small uterine defects, incomplete ruptures, and silent uterine incision dehiscence were excluded.ResultsFrom 1988 to 2019, 213 665 deliveries were recorded in our institute. Of these, 12 patients experienced second‐trimester or early third‐trimester spontaneous uterine rupture. Obstetric history revealed that 50% of the women in each period had undergone previous classical uterine incisions and 50% had a short interpregnancy (IP) interval. The mean age at diagnosis of uterine rupture was 26.3 ± 5.1 weeks. The ruptures were associated with abnormal placentation in 10 cases (83.3%): placenta previa (n = 7); and placenta previa and percreta (n = 3). No maternal mortality occurred. Seven of the 10 (70%) viable newborns survived.ConclusionsThe increasing rates of cesarean births (CB) may lead to iatrogenic complications including midgestational prelabor spontaneous uterine rupture, an obstetric emergency, which is hard to diagnose. Maternal and neonatal outcomes can be optimized by a greater awareness of the risk factors, recognition of clinical signs and symptoms, and the availability of ultrasound to assist in establishing a diagnosis to enable prompt surgical intervention.
The effects of acute hyponatraemia on bone turnover in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage: A preliminary report
Authors: Garrahy Aoife , Galloway Iona , Hannon Anne Marie , Dineen Rosemary , Javadpour Mohsen , Tormey William P. , Gan KJ , Twomey Patrick J. , Mc Kenna Malachi J. , Kilbane Mark , Crowley Rachel K. , Sherlock Mark , Thompson Christopher J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractContextAnimal data and cross‐sectional human studies have established that chronic hyponatraemia predisposes to osteoporosis; the effects of acute hyponatraemia on bone turnover have not been determined. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that acute hyponatraemia leads to dynamic effects on bone turnover.DesignA prospective observational pilot study.MethodsBone turnover markers [C‐terminal crosslinking telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX‐1), N‐propeptide of type 1 collagen (P1NP) and osteocalcin] were measured prospectively over one week in 22 eunatraemic patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage. Patients treated with glucocorticoids were excluded.ResultsEight patients developed acute hyponatraemia, median nadir plasma sodium concentration 131 mmol/L (IQR 128–132), and 14 remained eunatraemic, nadir plasma sodium concentration 136 mmol/L (IQR 133–137). Significant main effects of hyponatraemia were found for P1NP (p = .02) and P1NP:CTX‐1 ratio (p = .02), both fell in patients with acute hyponatraemia, with significant interaction between hyponatraemia and time from baseline for P1NP (p = .02). Significant main effects of time from baseline (p < .001) but not hyponatraemia (p = .07) were found for osteocalcin. For CTX‐1, significant main effects of time from baseline (p = .001) but not hyponatraemia (p = .65) were found. There was a positive correlation between change in P1NP:CTX‐1 ratio and nadir plasma sodium concentration, r = +.43, p = .04. Median serum cortisol (measured on days 1, 3 and 7) was higher in the hyponatraemia group than in those who remained eunatraemic, 545 nmol/L (IQR 373–778) versus 444 nmol/L (IQR 379–542) p = .03.ConclusionThese data suggest that acute mild hyponatraemia is associated with a reduction in bone formation activity.
A prospective cohort of people who use methamphetamine in Melbourne and non‐metropolitan Victoria, Australia: Baseline characteristics and correlates of methamphetamine dependence
Authors: Quinn Brendan , Ward Bernadette , Agius Paul A. , Jenkinson Rebecca , Hickman Matthew , Sutton Keith , Hall Cristal , McKetin Rebecca , Farrell Michael , Cossar Reece , Dietze Paul M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsLimited research has investigated methamphetamine use and related harms in rural and regional Australia. We investigated whether people who used methamphetamine in non‐metropolitan Victoria differed in their sociodemographics and were more likely to be methamphetamine‐dependent than those recruited in Melbourne.Design and MethodsWe used baseline data from an ongoing prospective cohort study, ‘VMAX’. Participants were recruited from Melbourne and three non‐metropolitan Victorian regions. Sequential multivariable logistic regression of nested models assessed unadjusted and adjusted associations between residential locations and methamphetamine dependence.ResultsThe sample mostly (77%) comprised people who used methamphetamine via non‐injecting means (N = 744). Thirty‐nine percent were female. Melbourne‐based participants were less likely than non‐metropolitan participants to identify as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, be heterosexual, have children and be unemployed. More frequent methamphetamine use (adjusted odds ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.12–1.34) and using crystal methamphetamine versus ‘speed’ powder (adjusted odds ratio 2.38, 95% confidence interval 1.26–3.64) were independently (P < 0.05) associated with being classified as methamphetamine‐dependent. A significantly higher percentage of participants in every non‐metropolitan region were classified as methamphetamine‐dependent vs. those in Melbourne, but this relationship was attenuated when adjusting for methamphetamine use frequency and primary form used. Despite 65% of participants being classified as methamphetamine‐dependent, less than half had recently (past year) accessed any professional support for methamphetamine, with minimal variation by recruitment location.Discussions and ConclusionsVMAX participants in non‐metropolitan Victoria were more likely to be methamphetamine‐dependent than those living in Melbourne. Unmet need for professional support appears to exist among people using methamphetamine across the state, regardless of geographical location.
Vascular endothelial growth factor and poor prognosis after ischaemic stroke
Authors: Escudero Carlos , Acurio Jesenia , López Eduardo , Rodríguez Andrés , Benavente Antonia , Lara Evelyn , Korzeniewski Steven J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeSystemic inflammation conveys information about ischaemic stroke prognosis. Growth factors with neurotrophic and angiogenesis‐regulating properties might provide additional information about sequelae. The prognostic performance of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor, interleukin 6 and C‐reactive protein measured after acute ischaemic stroke was evaluated.MethodsBlood samples were collected from n = 45 patients within 24–48 h of acute ischaemic stroke. The primary outcome was death or moderate to severe disability at 6 months (modified Rankin Scale >2). Logistic regression models were used to determine the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Correlation and principal component analyses were performed to examine interrelationships amongst biomarkers.ResultsVascular endothelial growth factor was elevated in ischaemic stroke patients who died or had moderate to severe disability at six months. Correlation analysis revealed interrelationships between VEGF and HbA1c, triglycerides, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and Rankin scores, whereas principal component analyses identified VEGF as a major loading factor that discriminated good from poor prognosis. There were no significant differences in AUC using each protein individually to identify patients who had modified Rankin Scale score >2 at 6 months (n = 15/41, AUC 0.61–0.74). However, the AUC increased significantly when combining VEGF with interleukin 6 and C‐reactive protein compared to the VEGF‐only model (AUC 0.92 vs. 0.67, p = 0.02).ConclusionCirculating VEGF was elevated 24–48 h after acute ischaemic stroke and conveyed prognostic information about moderate to severe disability at 6 months.
Intrasynovial triamcinolone treatment is not associated with incidence of acute laminitis
Authors: Haseler Callum J. , Jarvis Gavin E. , McGovern Kate F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntrasynovial corticosteroid injections are commonly used in the treatment of equine orthopaedic disease, but corticosteroid administration is widely considered a risk factor for the development of laminitis. Despite a list of putative mechanisms and a number of case reports of steroid‐induced laminitis, no case‐control or cohort studies investigating the association between use of intrasynovial corticosteroids and acute laminitis have been published.ObjectivesTo quantify the risk of laminitis posed by intrasynovial triamcinolone acetonide (TA) administration in a mixed population of horses.Study designRetrospective observational cohort study.MethodsClinical records of horses registered with one large UK equine practice were reviewed retrospectively to identify all horses receiving intrasynovial TA treatment between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2017. A total of 1510 horses were selected and records investigated for incidence of laminitis over a 4‐month period following treatment. For each TA‐treated horse, an untreated horse, individually matched by age, sex, date of treatment and client type, was selected from the clinical records. Untreated horses were then investigated for laminitis over the same 4‐month period. Data were analysed in a 2 × 2 contingency table using Fisher's exact test.ResultsA total of 489 horses were lost to follow‐up and 55 horses were excluded, leaving 966 treated and matched, untreated horses. The incidence of laminitis over the 4‐month study period in both groups was identical: 3/966 horses (0.31%) (95% C.I. [0.08%, 0.91%]), equivalent to 0.93 cases per 100 horses per year (P > .9).Main limitationsRetrospective study; large proportion (489/1510) of horses lost to follow‐up; large proportion of study population were racehorses; selection method resulted in disproportionate selection of horses born before 2013; similar incidence between groups may reflect existing risk‐based selection by clinicians.Conclusionsintrasynovial triamcinolone acetonide administration does not increase the risk of laminitis in this study population.