bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra‐articular etanercept attenuates pain and hypoxia from TMJ loading in the rat
Authors: Sperry Megan M. , Yu Ya‐Hsin , Kartha Sonia , Ghimire Prabesh , Welch Rachel L. , Winkelstein Beth A. , Granquist Eric J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMechanical overloading of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and biochemical changes, like inflammation and hypoxia, contribute to cartilage degeneration and pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA). Yet, how overloading contributes to early dysregulation of chondrocytes is not understood, limiting the development of diagnostics and treatments for TMJ OA. Hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIF)‐1α/2α in chondrocytes were evaluated at Days 8 and 15 in a rat TMJ pain model induced by jaw loading (1 h/day for 7 days) using immunohistochemistry and compared between cases that induce persistent (3.5 N), acute (2 N), or no (0 N) sensitivity. Hypoxia was measured on Day 8 by immunolabeling of the tracer EF5 and 18F‐EF5 PET imaging. To assess the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in painful TMJ loading, intra‐articular etanercept was given before loading. Orofacial sensitivity was evaluated during and after loading. Facial grimace, TNF‐α, HIF‐2α, and hypoxia levels in the TMJ were measured after loading. HIF‐2α was elevated (P = .03) after 3.5 N loading at Day 8, but HIF‐1α was unchanged. EF5 uptake increased on Day 8 in the 3.5 N group (P < .048) by tissue assay and 18F‐EF5 PET. At Day 8, both HIF‐2α (P = .01) and EF5 uptake (P = .005) were correlated with loading magnitude. Etanercept attenuated sensitivity (P < .01) and the facial grimace on Day 7 (P = .01). It also reduced (P < .01) HIF‐2α and EF5 uptake on Day 8; but TNF‐α levels were not different from controls at that time. Findings suggest that TMJ loading that induces persistent sensitivity upregulates the catabolic factor HIF‐2α and reduces oxygen levels in the cartilage, which may be TNF‐driven.
Subcutaneous injection of recombinant heat shock protein 70 ameliorates atopic dermatitis skin lesions in a mouse model
Authors: Kao Jun‐Kai , Hsu Tzu‐Fang , Lee Ming‐Sheng , Su Tzu‐Cheng , Lee Cheng‐Han , Hsu Chien‐Sheng , Shieh Jeng‐Jer , Wang Jiu‐Yao , Yang Rei‐Cheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease and sometimes is a tough challenge for physicians. We previously reported that in Th2 environment, the production and secretion of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) from human keratinocytes was inhibited by recombinant heat shock protein 70 (rHSP70). The present study assessed the therapeutic effectiveness of rHSP70 in a mouse model of AD. An experimental model of AD was reproduced by systemic sensitization and local epicutaneous challenge with ovalbumin (OVA). Treatment of rHSP70 was performed by subcutaneous administration. The levels of OVA‐specific IgE, as well as cytokines, were detected by ELISA. Skin samples from patch areas were also taken for histologic examination. Injection of rHSP70 improved the histologic picture by reducing the thickness of epidermis and allergic inflammation. Skin sonography revealed rHSP70 ameliorated skin remodeling. rHSP70 also significantly decreased the protein expression of TSLP of skin from patch areas. Furthermore, in ex vivo studies also showed group of rHSP70 treatment decreased IL‐13, RANTES, MIP‐1β and increased IFN‐γ secreted from splenocytes stimulated with OVA. The rHSP70 intervention in the mouse model of AD reduced the skin expression of TSLP and attenuated the clinical appearance of OVA‐induced AD mice. The effect was achieved by suppressed Th2 immune response in injected skin tissue and enhanced systemic Th1 immune response. These results suggest that rHSP70 have potential as a promising protein for the treatment of AD.
Filtering power divider with good output balance and unsymmetrical structure
Authors: Luo Ming , Tang Xiao‐Hong , Xu Xin , Zhang Yong‐Hong , Wu Ri‐Han 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article presents a filtering power divider (FPD) that realizes 2‐order bandpass response by only using 2 shorted‐stub loaded resonators (SSLRs). The structure of the proposed FPD is unsymmetrical but it achieves a good output balance. The isolation between output ports is also realized. The detailed theoretical analysis suitable for the FPD with unsymmetrical structure is developed and a discussion for the output balance is also presented. An FPD that works at 2.39 GHz is fabricated and measured for demonstration. A good agreement is obtained between simulation and measurement.
Influence of dielectric layers on performance of transmission mode frequency selective surface based linear to circular polarization transformers
Authors: Clendinning Sarah , Cahill Robert , Zelenchuk Dmitry , Fusco Vincent 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the electromagnetic behavior of freestanding and dielectric embedded frequency selective surface (FSS) based linear to circular polarization convertors. The two structures were designed to operate in transmission mode at normal incidence and yield the lowest value for axial ratio (AR) at frequencies around 10 GHz. In addition to providing mechanical robustness, a 72% increase in the 3 dB AR bandwidth (BW) is achieved when the 140‐μm thick perforated FSS sheet is inserted between two 5‐mm thick polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) slabs. At oblique incidence a downward shift in frequency is observed, however the BW is still significantly larger than the results obtained for the freestanding periodic array within a field of view of ±30° in the cardinal planes. Spectral transmission measurements presented for both anisotropic media verify the simulated results.
Gain enhancement of microstrip antenna with a novel DNG material
Authors: Urul Bülent 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, a novel double‐negative compact metamaterial (MM) that can operate in Ku‐band (12 GHz) is designed and fabricated. It is shown that the proposed structure can be used as a MM for a wide bandwidth of 6 GHz. A double electromagnetic lens layer is then formed using this MM unit cell in an array. Afterwards, obtained lens layers are used together with a conventional microstrip patch antenna (CMPA) operating at 12 GHz. The effect of the MM on the antenna gain and directivity is examined. The CMPA and MMs are fabricated, and measurements are performed in Akdeniz University Microwave Laboratory and simulated with Microwave Studio by Computer Simulation Technology. 71% and 50% improvement in antenna gain and directivity are obtained by using it as a double MM lens layer.
Craniofacial second primary tumors in patients with germline retinoblastoma previously treated with external beam radiotherapy: A retrospective institutional analysis
Authors: Jiménez Irene , Laé Marick , Tanguy Marie‐Laure , Savignoni Alexia , Gauthier‐Villars Marion , Desjardins Laurence , Cassoux Nathalie , Dendale Rémi , Rodriguez Joseph , Doz François , Brisse Hervé J. , Aerts Isabelle 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe long‐term survival of germline retinoblastoma patients is decreased due to the risk of second primary tumors (SPTs) that occur years after the diagnosis of retinoblastoma. This risk is related to genetic predisposition and other factors, such as the treatment of retinoblastoma by external beam radiotherapy (EBRT).ProcedureWe studied the incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of specific craniofacial SPTs developed within the margins of radiation field in a cohort of 209 patients with germline retinoblastoma treated with EBRT at our institution between 1977 and 2010. Clinical characteristics, survival, incidence, and histology of craniofacial SPTs were recorded.ResultsFifty‐three of the 209 patients developed 60 distinct craniofacial SPTs in irradiated field with a median time from EBRT of 16.9 years (4‐35) and a median follow‐up of 24.8 years (5.3‐40). Osteosarcoma (33.3%) and undifferentiated sarcoma (23.3%) were the more prevalent histological entities. Benign tumors (16.7%) also occurred. The cumulative incidence of craniofacial SPTs reached 32.6% at 35 years after EBRT, and the median survival after diagnosis was five years. In our series, irradiation under 12 months of age, bilateral EBRT, or previous treatment of retinoblastoma with chemotherapy did not significantly increase the risk of craniofacial SPTs.ConclusionsThis work presents a strong argument to avoid EBRT in the management of retinoblastoma and emphasizes the high risk and poor prognosis of specific craniofacial SPTs. This study also points to the question of the need and benefits of special programs for early detection of craniofacial SPTs in survivors of irradiated germline retinoblastoma.
Output feedback stabilization for nonholonomic systems with unknown unmeasured states‐dependent growth
Authors: Yu Jiangbo , Liu Yungang , Wu Yuqiang 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the global output feedback stabilization for a class of nonholonomic systems with unknown parameter, polynomial‐of‐output, and unmeasurable states dependent growth. A dynamic high‐gain observer is first designed to reconstruct the unmeasurable system states and, in addition, to compensate the serious parameter unknowns in nonlinear drifts. Then, we design a compact adaptive controller without invoking the backstepping technique, which reduces the complexity of controller. Additionally, a switching control strategy is employed to overcome the smooth feedback obstacle associated with nonholonomic systems. It is shown that the proposed control laws guarantee that all closed‐loop system states are globally bounded and ultimately converge to zero. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
A study on how startups approach sustainable development through intellectual property
Authors: Kwon Ohsung 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSustainability is an important concept in various fields, from public policy to detailed principles associated with society, the economy, and the environment. Therefore, revealing the dynamic patterns of the sustainability sector is important for understanding how startups have used the sustainability concept. This study analyzes a sample dataset consisting of patents associated with sustainability and registered by startups. The results are as follows. First, the sustainability sector exhibits diversified patterns, which indicates the growth potential of the sector, measured as the number of International Patent Classification classes, Herfindahl–Hirschman index, and Shannon entropy for the robustness. Second, the corresponding technologies can be classified into three groups: The recent sustainability trend in terms of startups involves consumer‐focused technologies, whereas basis and traditional technologies have diminished in focus. Thus, the environmental government agency should consider this discrepancy when deciding future research and development investments and provide subsidies to startups effectively.
What is a pivot? Explaining when and how entrepreneurial firms decide to make strategic change and pivot
Authors: Kirtley Jacqueline , O'Mahony Siobhan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryMost theories of strategic change focus on how large, established firms recognize or fail to recognize the need for strategic change. Little research examines how early‐stage entrepreneurs decide when and how to change their strategies. With a longitudinal field study of seven entrepreneurial firms developing innovations in energy and cleantech, we examined 93 strategic decisions at risk for change. We found that decision‐makers chose to change their strategies only after new information conflicted with or expanded their beliefs. Furthermore, a pivot, or strategic reorientation, was not achieved with a single decision, but by incrementally exiting or adding strategy elements over time, accumulating into a pivot. We contribute a grounded definition of what constitutes a pivot and explain when and how entrepreneurial firms pivot.Managerial SummaryThe term “pivot” is used extensively by practitioners and scholars alike, yet little is known about when and how entrepreneurial firms actually choose to change their strategies and when that change constitutes a pivot. We find that entrepreneurial firms choose to change their strategies only after receiving new information that conflicts with or expands their beliefs about their firm or uncertainties they face. However, this is more rare than the norm. Rather than make wholesale change with one decision, firms incrementally exit or add a single element to their strategies. A firm pivots and reorients their strategic direction by reallocating or restructuring the firm's activities, resources, and attention through an accumulated series of decisions to address the on‐going stream of problems and opportunities early‐stage firms confront.
Mesenchymal stem cells elicit macrophages into M2 phenotype via improving transcription factor EB-mediated autophagy to alleviate diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Yuan Yujia , Li Lan , Zhu Lingling , Liu Fei , Tang Xi , Liao Guangneng , Liu Jingping , Cheng Jingqiu , Chen Younan , Lu Yanrong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Chronic inflammation is recognized as a key causal factor in the development and progression of DN, and the imbalance of M1/M2 macrophages (Mφ) contributes to this process. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to prevent renal injuries via immune regulation in diabetic models, but whether these benefits are owing to the regulation of Mφ, and the underlying signaling pathways are unknown. Here, we showed that MSCs elicited Mφ into M2 phenotype and prevented renal injuries in DN mice, but these effects were abolished when the Mφ were depleted by clodronate liposomes (Lipo-Clod), suggesting that Mφ were necessary for renal protection of MSCs in DN mice. Moreover, the MSCs promoted M2 polarization was attributable to the activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) and subsequent restore of lysosomal function and autophagy activity in Mφ. Furthermore, in vivo adoptive transfer of Mφin vivo (Mφ from DN + MSCs mice) or MφMSCs (Mφ cocultured with MSCs in vitro) to DN mice improved renal function. While, TFEB knockdown in Mφ significantly abolished the protective role of MφMSCs. Altogether, these findings revealed that MSCs suppress inflammatory response and alleviate renal injuries in DN mice via TFEB-dependent Mφ switch.
Defect inspection of coated automobile roofs using a single camera
Authors: Zhang Jing , Kikuta Masaki , Zhang Chao , Ito Akiyoshi , Anmi Kenichi , Matsui Yoichi , Akashi Takuya 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAutomobile surface defects, such as scratches and dents, can largely affect the first impressions of consumers. These defects are likely to occur during the processes of manufacturing and painting. Most global automobile companies still rely on visual inspection to detect the defects, which results in instability and inefficiency in the inspection procedure. In this paper, a low‐cost detection system is proposed. The hardware part of the system consists of only light emitting diode (LED) tubes and a single camera. The software part of the system first obtains defect candidates greedily by thresholding binarization result. Then, candidates in each frame are filtered using a differential image. Finally, as the main contribution, our algorithm further filters the candidates using tracking trajectories of defect candidates over multiple frames. Experimental results demonstrate that our method is able to detect defects while suppressing false‐positive detections and is effective in real‐world situations. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
One‐way mesoscale‐microscale coupling for simulating a wind farm in North Texas: Assessment against SCADA and LiDAR data
Authors: Santoni Christian , García‐Cartagena Edgardo J. , Ciri Umberto , Zhan Lu , Valerio Iungo Giacomo , Leonardi Stefano 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOne‐way nested mesoscale to microscale simulations of an onshore wind farm have been performed nesting the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and our in‐house high‐resolution large‐eddy simulation code (UTD‐WF). Each simulation contains five nested WRF domains, with the largest domain spanning the north Texas Panhandle region with a 4 km resolution, while the highest resolution (50 m) nest simulates microscale wind fluctuations and turbine wakes within a single wind farm. The finest WRF domain in turn drives the UTD‐WF LES higher‐resolution domain for a subset of six turbines at a resolution of ∼5 m. The wind speed, direction, and boundary layer profiles from WRF are compared against measurements obtained with a met‐tower and a scanning Doppler wind LiDAR located within the wind farm. Additionally, power production obtained from WRF and UTD‐WF are assessed against supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system data. Numerical results agree well with the experimental measurements of the wind speed, direction, and power production of the turbines. UTD‐WF high‐resolution domain improves significantly the agreement of the turbulence intensity at the turbines location compared with that of WRF. Velocity spectra have been computed to assess how the nesting allows resolving a wide range of scales at a reasonable computational cost. A domain sensitivity analysis has been performed. Velocity spectra indicate that placing the inlet too close to the first row of turbines results in an unrealistic peak of energy at the rotational frequency of the turbines. Spectra of the power production of a single turbine and of the cumulative power of the array have been compared with analytical models.
Filtering‐based approaches for functional data classification
Authors: Jiang Ci‐Ren , Chen Lu‐Hung 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBecause of its many practical applications, classifying functional data has received considerable attention over the last decades. Most classification approaches for functional data are extended from those for multivariate data. During the extension, two strategies, namely filtering and regularization, have commonly been employed to tackle the issues raised by the fact that functional data are intrinsically infinite‐dimensional. Because of space limitations, we focus on the filtering methods in this review.This article is categorized under:
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Analysis of High Dimensional Data
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Clustering and Classification
An International Collaborative Study on Surgical Education for Quality Improvement (ASSURED): A Project by the 2017 International Society of Surgery (ISS/SIC) Travel Scholars International Working Group
Authors: Joshi Anip , Borraez‐Segura Bernardo , Anwer Mariyah , Ladipo‐Ajayi Oluwaseun , Schlottmann Francisco , Le Diem Nguyen Ngoc , Hill Andrew G. , Sarr Michael G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is a huge difference in the standard of surgical training in different countries around the world. The disparity is more obvious in the various models of surgical training in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) compared to high‐income countries. Although the global training model of surgeons is evolving from an apprenticeship model to a competency‐based model with additional training using simulation, the training of surgeons in LMICs still lacks a standard pathway of training.MethodsThis is a qualitative, descriptive, and collaborative study conducted in six LMICs across Asia, Africa, and South America. The data were collected on the status of surgical education in these countries as per the guidelines designed for the ASSURED project along with plans for quality improvement in surgical education in these countries.ResultsThe training model in these selected LMICs appears to be a hybrid of the standard models of surgical training. The training models were tailored to the country's need, but many fail to meet international standards. There are many areas identified that can be addressed in order to improve the quality of surgical education in these countries.ConclusionsMany areas need to be improved for a better quality of surgical training in LMICs. There is a need of financial, technical, and research support for the improvement in these models of surgical education in LMICs.
A randomized, double-blind, single-dose study to evaluate the biosimilarity of QL1101 with bevacizumab in healthy male subjects
Authors: Liu Ya-nan , Huang Jie , Guo Can , Yang Shuang , Ye Ling , Wu Shu-ting , Zhang Xing-fei , Yang Xiao-yan , Han Cui-cui , Pei Qi , Huang Lu , He Qing-nan , Yang Guo-ping 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This is the first study to compare the pharmacokinetics of QL1101, a proposed bevacizumab biosimilar, with Avastin® sourced from Roche Diagnostics GmbH.

Methods
In this double-blind, single-dose, parallel-group study, healthy male subjects were randomized 1:1 to receive QL1101 or Avastin® 3 mg/kg intravenously. Pharmacokinetic assessments were conducted for 85 days, with additional safety and immunogenicity assessments until day 90. Primary study endpoints were area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) from time zero to infinity (AUC0–∞), AUC from time zero to the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0–last), and maximum serum concentration (Cmax). Pharmacokinetic equivalence was shown if the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of the C0–max, AUC0–last, and AUC0–∞ were within the predefined bioequivalence margin of 80–125.00%.

Results
A total of 82 subjects were randomized to the following groups: 42 to QL1101 and 40 to Avastin®. The 90% CIs of the GMRs of AUC0–∞, AUC0–last, and Cmax of QL1101 and Avastin® were (97.8%, 107.0%), (94.5%, 106.9%), and (94.1%, 107.3%), respectively, which were all within the bioequivalence margin. The incidence of adverse events was 90.5% and 95.0% in the QL1101 and Avastin® groups, respectively. Mean serum concentration–time profiles, secondary pharmacokinetic parameters, and safety and immunogenicity profiles were comparable across the two treatment groups.

Conclusions
The study demonstrated the pharmacokinetic equivalence of QL1101 to Avastin®. QL1101 (3 mg/kg, iv) is safe and tolerable in healthy Chinese subjects. These data support the further clinical evaluation of QL1101 as a bevacizumab biosimilar.