bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association studies of ionomic and agronomic traits in USDA mini core collection of rice and comparative analyses of different mapping methods
Authors: Liu Shuai , Zhong Hua , Meng Xiaoxi , Sun Tong , Li Yangsheng , Pinson Shannon R. M. , Chang Sam , Peng Zhaohua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundRice is an important human staple food vulnerable to heavy metal contamination leading to serious concerns. High yield with low heavy metal contamination is a common but highly challenging goal for rice breeders worldwide due to lack of genetic knowledge and markers. ResultsTo identify candidate QTLs and develop molecular markers for rice yield and heavy metal content, a total of 191 accessions from the USDA Rice mini-core collection with over 3.2 million SNPs were employed to investigate the QTLs. Sixteen ionomic and thirteen agronomic traits were analyzed utilizing two univariate (GLM and MLM) and two multivariate (MLMM and FarmCPU) GWAS methods. 106, 47, and 97 QTLs were identified for ionomics flooded, ionomics unflooded, and agronomic traits, respectively, with the criterium of p-value <1.53×10-8, which was determined by the Bonferroni correction for p-value of 0.05. While 49 (~20%) of the 250 QTLs were coinciding with previous reported QTLs/genes, about 201 (~80%) were new. In addition, several new candidate genes involved in ionomic and agronomic traits control were identified by analyzing the DNA sequence, gene expression, and the homologs of the QTL regions. Our results further showed that each of the four GWAS methods can identify unique as well as common QTLs, suggesting that using multiple GWAS methods can complement each other in QTL identification, especially by combining univariate and multivariate methods. ConclusionsWhile 49 previously reported QTLs/genes were rediscovered, over 200 new QTLs for ionomic and agronomic traits were found in the rice genome. Moreover, multiple new candidate genes for agronomic and ionomic traits were identified. This research provides novel insights into the genetic basis of both ionomic and agronomic variations in rice, establishing the foundation for marker development in breeding and further investigation on reducing heavy-metal contamination and improving crop yields. Finally, the comparative analysis of the GWAS methods showed that each method has unique features and different methods can complement each other.
Analysis of Risk Factor for Anastomotic Leakage after Lower Rectal Cancer Resection, Including Drain Type: A Retrospective Single-Center Study
Authors: Kinugasa Tetsushi , Nagasu Sachiko , Murotani Kenta , Mizobe Tomoaki , Ochi Takafumi , Isobe Taro , Fujita Fumihiko , Akagi Yoshito 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Abstract
Background: We investigated the correlations between surgery-related factors and the incidence of leakage after low anterior resection (LAR) for lower rectal cancer.
Methods: A total of 630 patients underwent colorectal surgery between 2011 and 2014 in our department. Of these, 97 patients (15%) underwent LAR and were included in this retrospective study. Temporary ileostomy was performed in each patient.
Results: Anastomotic leakage occurred in 21 patients (21.7%). Univariate analysis showed that operative duration (p=0.005), transanal hand-sewn anastomosis (p=0.014), and operation procedure (p=0.019) were significantly associated with the occurrence of leakage. Multivariate analysis showed that underlying disease (p=0.044), transanal hand-sewn anastomosis (p=0.019) and drain type (p=0.025) were significantly associated with the occurrence of leakage. Propensity-score analysis showed that closed drainage were 6.3 times more likely to have anastomotic leakage than open drainage in relation to the amount of postoperative drainage (ml), according to inverse probability of treatment-weighted analysis .
Conclusions: Our results indicate that underlying disease, transanal hand-sewn anastomosis, and drain type may be risk factors for anastomotic after LAR for lower rectal cancer. The notable finding was that the type of drainage was related to the occurrence of anastomotic leakage: closed drainage was correlated with the less volume of postoperative drain discharge than open drain.
The Challenges of Ethical Behaviors for Drug Supply in the Iran Pharmacies by Principles-Based Approach
Authors: Iranmanesh Mahla , Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid , Mehrolhassani Mohammad Hossein 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Pharmacists as the trustee of pharmacy services must adhere to ethical principles and evaluate their professionalism. Pharmacists may sometimes show different unethical behaviors in their interactions, so it is essential to understand these behaviors. The present study aimed to determine the challenges of ethical behaviors based on a principles-based approach in the area of drug supply in pharmacies.Methods: This qualitative content analysis was conducted in Kerman in 2018. Several key players in the field of medication supply were selected using snowball sampling to be interviewed. An effort was made to select samples with maximum variation. Exclusion criteria include having less than 3 years of experience in pharmacy and supervision, not willing to participate in the interview, and canceling the interview 3 times. The participants in this study consisted of pharmacy technicians (n=5), patients (n=6), pharmacists (n=8), inspectors of insurance companies (n=4), and inspectors of food and drug administration (n=3). Data were analyzed using directed content analysis by Maxqda software version 10 (VERBI Software, Berlin, Germany). The principles of the “Beauchamp and Childress Ethics” theory including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice were selected as the main principles. Results: After data analysis, 8 main categories and 26 subcategories were obtained. The main categories include patient privacy, patient independence, communication principles, patient-centered services, drug supplier, patient harm avoidance, supervision, and distributive, procedural, and interactive justice. The subcategories include increasing patient awareness, culturizing prescription, and rational drug use, confidentiality and privacy, and pharmacist-patient relationship/communication, which were the biggest ethical challenges in the area of drug supply at pharmacies. Conclusions: According to the Principles-based approach, two principles of autonomy and beneficence had the greatest challenges. The policymakers in the health care system should emphasize patient independence, patient privacy, and patient-centered services. The results of this study can be used as a tool to introduce ethical challenges to policymakers and develop educational contents, the charter of professional ethics in pharmacies, and measures of pharmacy accreditation.
Acquisition of Oral Microbiota is Driven by Environment, Not Host Genetics
Authors: Mukherjee Chiranjit , Moyer Christina O. , Steinkamp Heidi M. , Hashmi Shahr B. , Guo Xiaohan , Ni Ai , Leys Eugene J. , Griffen Ann L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The oral microbiota is acquired very early, but the factors shaping its acquisition are not well understood. Previous studies comparing monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins have suggested that host genetics plays a role. However, all twins share an equal portion of their parent’s genome, so this model is not informative for studying parent-to-child transmission. We used a novel study design that allowed us to directly examine the genetics of transmission by comparing the oral microbiota of biological versus adoptive mother-child dyads. Results: No difference was observed in how closely oral bacterial community profiles matched for adoptive versus biological mother-child pairs, indicating little if any effect of host genetics on the fidelity of transmission. Both adopted and biologic children more closely resembled their own mother as compared to unrelated women, supporting the role of contact and environment. Mother-child strain similarity increased with the age of the child, ruling out early effects of host genetic influence that are lost over time. No effect on the fidelity of mother-child strain sharing from vaginal birth or breast feeding was seen. Analysis of extended families showed that fathers and mothers were equally similar to their children, and that cohabitating couples showed even greater strain similarity than mother-child pairs. These findings support the role of contact and shared environment, and age, but not genetics, as determinants of microbial transmission, and were consistent at both species and strain level resolutions, and across multiple oral habitats. In addition, analysis of individual species all showed similar results. Conclusions: The host is clearly active in shaping the composition of the oral microbiome, since only a few of the many bacterial species in the larger environment are capable of colonizing the human oral cavity. Our findings suggest that these host mechanisms are universally shared among humans, since no effect of genetic relatedness on fidelity of microbial transmission could be detected. Instead our findings point towards contact and shared environment being the driving factors of microbial transmission, with a unique combination of these factors ultimately shaping the highly personalized human oral microbiome.
Market orientations, product innovation and organizational performance: A case study on selected beer factories found in Ethiopia
Authors: Fentaw Nigist Kelemu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Overview was led to explore the relationship between advertise direction, creation process, item execution, authoritative execution and budgetary execution. The motivation behind this overview was to research connections among showcase direction, dispatch technique, item execution, hierarchical execution, gainfulness and budgetary execution. Target populaces were representatives of chose Ethiopian lager processing plants BGI Ethiopia who are as of now devouring the item; from which test was resolved through critical inspecting strategy. Asked information was gathered by means of study poll, direct relapse examination was led to check the relationship among driving variable. At last it was discovered that organizations' gainfulness and money related execution are being impacted by advertise direction, dispatch technique, item execution and hierarchical execution. Firms are prescribed to concentrate on improving business sector direction, dispatch system, item execution and hierarchical execution to support productivity and budgetary execution.
Model to assess workload of village doctors in the National Essential Public Health Services Program in six provinces of China
Authors: Yin Delu , Yin Tao , Yang Huiming , Wang Lihong , Chen Bowen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: No studies, particularly quantitative analyses, have been conducted regarding the workload of village doctors in the National Essential Public Health Services (NEPHS) program and differences in service delivery by village doctors, according to region and services. In this study, we developed a quantitative analysis approach to measure the workload of NEPHS provided by village doctors in six provinces of China in 2016. We aimed to identify areas and services of the NEPHS needing improvement, so as to implement targeted measures to ensure adequate delivery of NEPHSs in rural remote underserved areas.Methods: Based on survey data from 300 town hospital centers (THCs) located in 60 counties in the six selected provinces, we calculated village doctors’ share of workload under the NEPHS using the equivalent value (EV) model. To define the workload and corresponding EV of each NEPHS, a series of five meetings was held with THC managers, public health workers, family physicians, nurses and village doctors. Field observations were conducted to verify the workload and EV of each service.Results: Village doctors’ share of the workload under the NEPHS program was 43.71% across the 300 sampled THCs in six provinces. The village doctors’ workload shares for different NEPHS ranged from 17.14% to 57.00%. The percentage workload undertaken by village doctors under the NEPHS program varied across different provinces, with the highest proportion 63.4% and the lowest 28.5%.Conclusions: The total NEPHS workload assigned to village doctors by THCs in the six sampled provinces exceeded the Chinese government’s requirement of 40%, but the workload proportion in some provinces was less than 40%. In addition, the percentage workload for some NEPHS undertaken by village doctors was lower than others. We suggest conducting district-level analysis of the workload among village doctors under the NEPHS program using the EV method, to identify areas and services needing improvement, to implement targeted measures to expand and promote health service provision in China’s rural underserved areas.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Direct Agglutination Test for Serodiagnosis of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
Authors: Mohebali Mehdi , Keshavarz Hossein , Shirmohammad Sedigheh , Akhoundi Behnaz , Borjian Alireza , Hassanpour Gholamreza , Mamishi Setareh , Mahmoudi Shima 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Direct agglutination test (DAT) as simple, accurate and reliable method that has been used widely for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) during the last three decades. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of DAT for serodiagnosis of human VL.Methods: Electronic databases, including MEDLINE (via PubMed), SCOPUS, Web of Science, SID and Mag Iran (two Persian scientific search engines) were searched from December 2004 to April 2019. We determined the sensitivities and specificities across studies, calculated positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR-), and constructed summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves parameters. Results: Of the 2928 records identified in the mentioned electronic databases and through articles’ reference lists, 25 articles met inclusion criteria and enrolled into the systematic review and among them 20 records were qualified for meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of DAT was 96% [(95% CI, 92–98] )and 95% [(95 % CI, 86–99]), respectively. The likelihood ratio of a positive test (LR+) was found to be 21 [CI95%, 6.6–66.5] and the likelihood ratio of a negative test (LR−) was found to be 0.04 [CI95%, 0.02–0.08]. The combined estimate of the diagnostic odds ratio for DAT was high [467 )114-1912]) ].We found that the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) is positioned near the upper left corner of the curve and the area under curve (AUC) was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.97 to 0.99).Conclusion: Based on our analysis, we find DAT can be considered as a valuable tool for the serodiagnosis and seroprevalence of human VL with high sensitivity and specificity rates. As DAT is simple, accurate and efficient serological test, it can be used for serodiagnosis of human VL particularly in endemic areas..
Integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of hormone pathways in Acer rubrum during developmental leaf senescence
Authors: Zhu Chen , Xiaoyu Lu , Junlan Gao , Yun Xuan , Ren Jie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: To fully elucidate the roles and mechanisms of plant hormones in leaf senescence, we adopted an integrated analysis of both non-senescing and senescing leaves from red maple with transcriptome and metabolome data. Results: Transcription and metabolite profiles were generated through a combination of deep sequencing, third-generation sequencing data analysis, and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatograph Q extractive mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS), respectively. We investigated the accumulation of compounds and the expression of biosynthesis and signaling genes for eight hormones. The results revealed that ethylene and abscisic acid concentrations increased during the leaf senescence process, while the contents of cytokinin, auxin, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid continued to decrease. Correlation tests between the hormone content and transcriptional changes were analyzed, and in six pathways, genes closely linked with leaf senescence were identified. Conclusions: These results will enrich our understanding of the mechanisms of plant hormones that regulate leaf senescence in red maple, while establishing a foundation for the genetic modification of Acer in the future.
The roles of vicariance and isolation by distance in shaping biotic diversification across an ancient archipelago: evidence from a Seychelles caecilian amphibian
Authors: Maddock Simon T , Nussbaum Ronald A , Day Julia J , IV Leigh Latta , Miller Mark , Fisk Debra L , Wilkinson Mark , Rocha Sara , Gower David , Pfrender Michael E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Island systems offer excellent opportunities for studying the evolutionary histories of species by virtue of their restricted size and easily identifiable barriers to gene flow. However, most studies investigating evolutionary patterns and processes shaping biotic diversification have focused on more recent (emergent) rather than ancient oceanic archipelagos. Here, we focus on the granitic islands of the Seychelles, which are unusual among island systems because they have been isolated for a long time and are home to a monophyletic radiation of caecilian amphibians that has been separated from its extant sister lineage for ca. 65 – 62 Ma. We selected the most widespread Seychelles caecilian species, Hypogeophis rostratus, to investigate intraspecific morphological and genetic (mitochondrial and nuclear) variation across the archipelago (782 samples from nine islands) to identify patterns and test processes that shaped their evolutionary history within the Seychelles.Results: Overall a signal of strong geographic structuring with distinct northern- and southern-island clusters were identified across all datasets. We suggest that these distinct groups have been isolated for ca. 1.26 Ma years without subsequent migration between them. Populations from the somewhat geographically isolated island of Frégate showed contrasting relationships to other islands based on genetic and morphological data, clustering alternatively with northern-island (genetic) and southern-island (morphological) populations.Conclusions: Although variation in H. rostratus across the Seychelles is explained more by isolation-by-distance than by adaptation, the genetic-morphological incongruence for affinities of Frégate H. rostratus might be caused by local adaptation over-riding the signal from their vicariant history. Our findings highlight the need of integrative approaches to investigate fine-scale geographic structuring to uncover underlying diversity and to better understand evolutionary processes on ancient, continental islands.
The diagnostic value of quantitative analysis of ASL, DSC-MRI and DKI in the Grading of Cerebral Gliomas: A Meta-Analysis&nbsp;
Authors: Luan Jixin , Wu Mingzhen , Wang Xiaohui , Qiao Lishan , Guo Guifang , Zhang Chuanchen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: To perform quantitative analysis on the efficacy of using relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in arterial spin labeling (ASL), relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) in dynamic magnetic sensitivity contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI), and mean kurtosis (MK) in diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) to grade cerebral gliomas.Methods: Literature regarding ASL, DSC-MRI, or DKI in cerebral gliomas grading in both English and Chinese were searched from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CBM, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Database as of 2019. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy of ASL, DSC-MRI, and DKI in the grading of cerebral gliomas. Result: A total of 54 articles (11 in Chinese and 43 in English) were included. Three quantitative parameters in the grading of cerebral gliomas, rCBF in ASL, rCBV in DSC-MRI, and MK in DKI had the pooled sensitivity of 0.88 [95%CI (0.83,0.92)], 0.92 [95%CI (0.83,0.96)], 0.88 [95%CI (0.82,0.92)], and the pooled specificity of 0.91 [95%CI (0.84,0.94)], 0.81 [95%CI (0.73,0.88)], 0.86 [95%CI (0.78,0.91)] respectively. The pooled area under the curve (AUC) were 0.95 [95%CI (0.93,0.97)], 0.91 [95%CI (0.89,0.94)], 0.93 [95%CI (0.91,0.95)] respectively.Conclusion: Quantitative parameters rCBF, rCBV and MK have high diagnostic accuracy for preoperative grading of cerebral gliomas.
Intravenous Calcium as a Pressor in a Swine Model of Hypoxic Pseudo-Pulseless Electrical Mechanical Activity - A Preliminary Report
Authors: Lindqwister Alexander , Lampe Joshua W. , Gould Jeffrey R. , Kaufman Christopher L. , Moodie Karen , Paradis Norman 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Pseudo-pulseless electrical activity (pseudo-PEA) is a lifeless form of profound cardiac shock characterized by measurable cardiac mechanical activity without clinically detectable pulses. Pseudo-PEA may constitute up to 40% of reported cases of cardiac arrest. Resuscitation from pseudo-PEA is often associated with hypotension refractory to catecholamine pressors. We hypothesized that this post-resuscitation state may be associated with hypocalcemic hypotension responsive to intravenous calcium. Methods: Using pre-existing data from our hypoxic swine pseudo-PEA model, we measured blood pressure, hemodynamics, and electrolytes. Physiological data were analyzed on a heartbeat by heartbeat basis. The midpoint of the calcium response was defined using change of curvature feature detection. Hemodynamic parameters were shifted such that the value at the midpoint was equal to zero.Results: In 9 animals with refractory hypotension we administered 37 boluses of intravenous calcium in the dosage range of 5 -20 mg. Comparisons were made between the average values in the time period 40-37 seconds before the midpoint and 35-40 seconds after the midpoint. Of the 37 administered boluses, 34 manifested a change in the blood pressure, with mean aortic pressure, systolic and diastolic pressures all increasing post bolus administration. Conclusions: Administration of intravenous calcium may be associated with a pressor-like response in refractory hypotension after resuscitation from pseudo-PEA. Relative ionized hypocalcemia may cause hypotension after resuscitation from pseudo-PEA. Therapy with intravenous calcium should be further investigated in this setting.