bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Practice Variation and Outcomes for Stanford Type A Aortic Dissection Repair Surgery in Maryland: Report from a Statewide Quality Initiative
Authors: Mazzeffi Michael , Ghoreishi Mehrdad , Alejo Diane , Fonner Clifford E. , Tanaka Kenichi , Abernathy James H. , Whitman Glenn , Salenger Rawn , Lawton Jennifer , Ad Niv , Brown James , Gammie James , Taylor Bradley ,   On behalf of the Investigators for the Maryland Cardiac Surgery Quality Initiative
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Stanford Type A aortic dissection repair surgery is associated with high mortality and clinical practice remains variable among hospitals. Few studies have examined statewide practice variation.
Methods Patients who had Stanford Type A aortic dissection repair surgery in Maryland between July 1, 2014 and June 30, 2018 were identified using the Maryland Cardiac Surgery Quality Initiative (MCSQI) database. Patient demographics, comorbidities, surgery details, and outcomes were compared between hospitals. We also explored the impact of arterial cannulation site and brain protection technique on outcome.
Results A total of 233 patients were included from eight hospitals during the study period. Seventy-six percent of surgeries were done in two high-volume hospitals (≥10 cases per year), while the remaining 24% were done in low-volume hospitals. Operative mortality was 12.0% and varied between 0 and 25.0% depending on the hospital. Variables that differed significantly between hospitals included patient age, the percentage of patients in shock, left ventricular ejection fraction, creatinine level, arterial cannulation site, brain protection technique, tobacco use, and intraoperative blood transfusion. The percentage of patients who underwent aortic valve repair or replacement procedures differed significantly between hospitals (p < 0.001), although the prevalence of moderate-to-severe aortic insufficiency was not significantly different (p = 0.14). There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes including mortality, renal failure, stroke, or gastrointestinal complications between hospitals or based on arterial cannulation site (all p > 0.05). Patients who had aortic cross-clamping or endovascualr repair had more embolic strokes when compared with patients who had hypothermic circulatory arrest (p = 0.03).
Conclusion There remains considerable practice variation in Stanford Type A aortic dissection repair surgery within Maryland including some modifiable factors such as intraoperative blood transfusion, arterial cannulation site, and brain protection technique. Continued efforts are needed within MCSQI and nationally to evaluate and employ the best practices for patients having acute aortic dissection repair surgery.
Electroencephalographic Findings in Pediatric Patients with Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis: The San Diego Experience
Authors: Frederick Aliya , Yang Jennifer H. , Guido-Estrada Natalie , Soria-Lopez Jose , Sattar Shifteh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDiagnosing anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis clinically can be challenging. There is a growing interest in identifying specific electroencephalographic features to help guide early management. A retrospective chart review was conducted of pediatric patients admitted to Rady Children's Hospital between January 1, 2010 and April 1, 2017. We included patients with the diagnosis of encephalitis who underwent continuous video electroencephalogram (VEEG) for at least 12 hours, and presented with less than 14 days of symptoms. We compared the electroencephalographic features of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep between patients with antibody confirmed anti-NMDAR encephalitis and patients with encephalitis from other etiologies. We identified seven patients who met our inclusion criteria, five of whom were diagnosed with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Four of the five patients had a significant reduction in NREM sleep, while one patient had increased NREM sleep associated with clinical catatonia and hypersomnolence. Sleep was preserved in the two cases of nonimmune mediated encephalitis. Our results suggest that a prolonged VEEG to capture sleep coupled with clinical features can aid in early diagnosis and treatment of anti-NMDAR encephalitis, often before confirmatory antibody testing is available.
Exposing the distinctive modular behavior of β-strands and α-helices in folded proteins
Authors: Wang Huabing , Logan Derek T. , Danielsson Jens , Oliveberg Mikael 
Published: November 2020

SignificanceDespite the vast number of known protein topologies, the actual behavior and selective traits of their constituent α- and β-secondary-structure elements remain elusive. The reason is that the high-energy fluctuations associated with their motions in folded proteins are intrinsically difficult to measure. Here, we circumvent this problem by presenting an alternative, and generally applicable, protein-design strategy that activates dynamic swapping of entire α- and β-elements in the folded ground state. We find that the behavior of the α- and β-elements is, indeed, very distinct where the differences in structural and dynamic properties have relevance not only for the understanding of protein function, but also for the mechanism of structural evolution per se.
Paleocene latitude of the Kohistan–Ladakh arc indicates multistage India–Eurasia collision
Authors: Martin Craig R. , Jagoutz Oliver , Upadhyay Rajeev , Royden Leigh H. , Eddy Michael P. , Bailey Elizabeth , Nichols Claire I. O. , Weiss Benjamin P. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
We present paleomagnetic constraints on the latitude of an intraoceanic subduction system that is now sutured between India and Eurasia in the western Himalaya. Our results demonstrate that the India–Eurasia collision was a multistage process involving at least two subduction systems rather than a single-stage event. This resolves the discrepancy between the amount of convergence and the observed crustal shortening in the India–Eurasia collision system, as well as the 10–15 Ma time lag between collision onset in India and the initiation of collision-related deformation and metamorphism in Eurasia. The presence of an additional subduction system in the Neotethys ocean explains the rapid India–Eurasia convergence rates in the Cretaceous and global climate variations in the Cenozoic.
Feminist activism on Twitter
Authors: Palomino-Manjón Patricia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe emergence of digital platforms has allowed feminists to employ new methods to fight gender inequality and break the silence which surrounds gender-based aggression. This paper aims to examine evaluative discourses employed by Twitter users to construct and denounce sexual violence in a corpus of tweets containing the hashtag #WhyIDidntReport. This hashtag was created in 2018 as a response to Donald Trump’s tweets in which he questioned Dr. Christine Blasey Ford’s decision not to report her case of sexual assault when it occurred. As a result, victim-survivors adopted the hashtag to explain why they did not report their own cases. The present study adopts a corpus-assisted discourse analysis approach and draws on Appraisal Theory to examine ideological discourses of (sexually) violent acts and victim-survivors. Results show the presence of discourses of violence and emotional suffering employed to bond around shared experiences and publicly denounce oppressive patriarchal practices and a lack of support from institutions and authorities.
Nanotechnology for catalysis and solar energy conversion
Authors: Banin U , Waiskopf N , Hammarström L , Boschloo G , Freitag M , Johansson E M J , Sá J , Tian H , Johnston M B , Herz L M , Milot R L , Kanatzidis M G , Ke W , Spanopoulos I , Kohlstedt K L , Schatz G C , Lewis N , Meyer T , Nozik A J , Beard M C , Armstrong F , Megarity C F , Schmuttenmaer C A , Batista V S , Brudvig G W 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This roadmap on Nanotechnology for Catalysis and Solar Energy Conversion focuses on the application of nanotechnology in addressing the current challenges of energy conversion: ‘high efficiency, stability, safety, and the potential for low-cost/scalable manufacturing’ to quote from the contributed article by Nathan Lewis. This roadmap focuses on solar-to-fuel conversion, solar water splitting, solar photovoltaics and bio-catalysis. It includes dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), perovskite solar cells, and organic photovoltaics. Smart engineering of colloidal quantum materials and nanostructured electrodes will improve solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency, as described in the articles by Waiskopf and Banin and Meyer. Semiconductor nanoparticles will also improve solar energy conversion efficiency, as discussed by Boschloo et al in their article on DSSCs. Perovskite solar cells have advanced rapidly in recent years, including new ideas on 2D and 3D hybrid halide perovskites, as described by Spanopoulos et al ‘Next generation’ solar cells using multiple exciton generation (MEG) from hot carriers, described in the article by Nozik and Beard, could lead to remarkable improvement in photovoltaic efficiency by using quantization effects in semiconductor nanostructures (quantum dots, wires or wells). These challenges will not be met without simultaneous improvement in nanoscale characterization methods. Terahertz spectroscopy, discussed in the article by Milot et al is one example of a method that is overcoming the difficulties associated with nanoscale materials characterization by avoiding electrical contacts to nanoparticles, allowing characterization during device operation, and enabling characterization of a single nanoparticle. Besides experimental advances, computational science is also meeting the challenges of nanomaterials synthesis. The article by Kohlstedt and Schatz discusses the computational frameworks being used to predict structure–property relationships in materials and devices, including machine learning methods, with an emphasis on organic photovoltaics. The contribution by Megarity and Armstrong presents the ‘electrochemical leaf’ for improvements in electrochemistry and beyond. In addition, biohybrid approaches can take advantage of efficient and specific enzyme catalysts. These articles present the nanoscience and technology at the forefront of renewable energy development that will have significant benefits to society.
A fieldmap-driven few-channel shim coil design for MRI of the human brain
Authors: Pinho Meneses Bruno , Amadon Alexis 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We exploit the inter-subject similarity of inhomogeneous static magnetic field patterns arising in the human brain under MRI examination to design a small set of shim coils providing performance equivalent to numerous coils based on high-order Spherical Harmonics corrections. A hundred brain B
0-maps were first collected at 3 T. Ideal subject-specific electric current density stream functions are then computed with low power constraints, on a cylindrical surface. This step is repeated over tens of brain maps so that a Principal Component Analysis can be applied to the stream functions; the main components result in the small set of coils. Both 50-subject hold-out and 10-fold cross-validation are employed to evaluate consistency of the proposed system performance over a posteriori subjects. Simulations show that only three cylindrical coils manage to capture the principal magnetic field profiles in the human brain, thus providing a better static field inhomogeneity mitigation than that obtained from 16 unlimited-power high-order Spherical Harmonics coils, with inhomogeneity greatly reduced in the pre-frontal cortex compared to 2nd-order shimmed baseline field acquisitions. The approach provides a very reduced channel count system for mitigating complex B
0-inhomogeneity patterns. Thus, a compact, cost-effective system could be conceived and driven by relatively low-budget electronics. The method should therefore have a strong impact in both ultra-high and portable low-field MRI/MRS. Moreover, this technique can be applied to the design of shim coils addressing anatomies other than the brain.
Preliminary dosimetric analysis of DOTA-folate radiopharmaceutical radiolabelled with 47Sc produced through natV(p,x)47Sc cyclotron irradiation
Authors: Nardo L De , Pupillo G , Mou L , Furlanetto D , Rosato A , Esposito J , Meléndez-Alafort L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

47Sc is one of the most promising theranostic radionuclides, thanks to its low energy γ-ray emission (159 keV), suitable for single photon emission computed tomography imaging and its intense β
− emission, useful for tumour treatment. Despite promising preclinical results, the translation of 47Sc-therapeutic agents to the clinic is hampered by its limited availability. Among different 47Sc-production routes currently being investigated, the natV(p,x)47Sc reaction has proved to be of particular interest, thanks to the low-cost and easy availability on the market of natV material and the diffusion of medium energy proton cyclotrons. However, the cross section of this specific nuclear reaction is quite low and small amounts of Sc-contaminants are co-produced at energies E
P ≤ 45 MeV, namely 48Sc and 46Sc. The main concern with these Sc-contaminants is their contribution to the patient absorbed dose. For such a reason, the absorbed dose contributions to healthy organs and the effective dose contributions by the three radioisotopes, 48Sc, 47Sc and 46Sc, were evaluated using DOTA-folate conjugate (cm10) as an example of radiopharmaceutical product. Considering as acceptable the limits of 99% for the radionuclidic purity and 10% for the contribution of radioactive Sc-contaminants to the total effective dose after 47Sc-cm10 injection, it was obtained that proton beam energies below 35 MeV must be used to produce 47Sc through irradiation of a natV target.
On the robustness of deep learning-based lung-nodule classification for CT images with respect to image noise
Authors: Shen Chenyang , Tsai Min-Yu , Chen Liyuan , Li Shulong , Nguyen Dan , Wang Jing , Jiang Steve B , Jia Xun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Robustness is an important aspect when evaluating a method of medical image analysis. In this study, we investigated the robustness of a deep learning (DL)-based lung-nodule classification model for CT images with respect to noise perturbations. A deep neural network (DNN) was established to classify 3D CT images of lung nodules into malignant or benign groups. The established DNN was able to predict malignancy rate of lung nodules based on CT images, achieving the area under the curve of 0.91 for the testing dataset in a tenfold cross validation as compared to radiologists’ prediction. We then evaluated its robustness against noise perturbations. We added to the input CT images noise signals generated randomly or via an optimization scheme using a realistic noise model based on a noise power spectrum for a given mAs level, and monitored the DNN’s output. The results showed that the CT noise was able to affect the prediction results of the established DNN model. With random noise perturbations at 100 mAs, DNN’s predictions for 11.2% of training data and 17.4% of testing data were successfully altered by at least once. The percentage increased to 23.4% and 34.3%, respectively, for optimization-based perturbations. We further evaluated robustness of models with different architectures, parameters, number of output labels, etc, and robustness concern was found in these models to different degrees. To improve model robustness, we empirically proposed an adaptive training scheme. It fine-tuned the DNN model by including perturbations in the training dataset that successfully altered the DNN’s perturbations. The adaptive scheme was repeatedly performed to gradually improve DNN’s robustness. The numbers of perturbations at 100 mAs affecting DNN’s predictions were reduced to 10.8% for training and 21.1% for testing by the adaptive training scheme after two iterations. Our study illustrated that robustness may potentially be a concern for an exemplary DL-based lung-nodule classification model for CT images, indicating the needs for evaluating and ensuring model robustness when developing similar models. The proposed adaptive training scheme may be able to improve model robustness.
NeuroDAC: an open-source arbitrary biosignal waveform generator
Authors: Powell M P , Anso J , Gilron R , Provenza N R , Allawala A B , Sliva D D , Bijanki K R , Oswalt D , Adkinson J , Pouratian N , Sheth S A , Goodman W K , Jones S R , Starr P A , Borton D A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective. Researchers are developing biomedical devices with embedded closed-loop algorithms for providing advanced adaptive therapies. As these devices become more capable and algorithms become more complex, tasked with integrating and interpreting multi-channel, multi-modal electrophysiological signals, there is a need for flexible bench-top testing and prototyping. We present a methodology for leveraging off-the-shelf audio equipment to construct a biosignal waveform generator capable of streaming pre-recorded biosignals from a host computer. By re-playing known, well-characterized, but physiologically relevant real-world biosignals into a device under test, researchers can evaluate their systems without the need for expensive in vivo experiments. Approach. An open-source design based on the proposed methodology is described and validated, the NeuroDAC. NeuroDAC allows for 8 independent channels of biosignal playback using a simple, custom designed attenuation and buffering circuit. Applications can communicate with the device over a USB interface using standard audio drivers. On-board analog amplitude adjustment is used to maximize the dynamic range for a given signal and can be independently tuned for each channel. Main results. Low noise component selection yields a no-signal noise floor of just 5.35 ± 0.063. NeuroDAC’s frequency response is characterized with a high pass −3 dB rolloff at 0.57 Hz, and is capable of accurately reproducing a wide assortment of biosignals ranging from EMG, EEG, and ECG to extracellularly recorded neural activity. We also present an application example using the device to test embedded algorithms on a closed-loop neural modulation device, the Medtronic RC+S. Significance. By making the design of NeuroDAC open-source we aim to present an accessible tool for rapidly prototyping new biomedical devices and algorithms than can be easily modified based on individual testing needs.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT04281134, NCT03437928, NCT03582891
Biodiesel Synthesis from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) by Palm Oil Industry Product using Metal-Hydroxyapatite Catalyst
Authors: Muria Sri Rezeki , Azis Yelmida , Khairat  , Putri Desy Erika , Zultiniar  , Syafruddin  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), has been successfully synthesized hydrothermally from eggshells or shells through the formation of Precipitate Calcium Carbonate (PCC). For biomedical applications, some synthesized HApare still calcium deficient (HApdc), so they do not meet specifications as implants or fillers of bone and teeth. Because it is resistant to high temperatures and has pores, in this study HApdc used as a catalyst for the synthesis of biodiesel from palm fatty acid (PFAD). In the initial stage, HAp is impregnated with metals: Cu, Co and Ni and produces catalysts Cu-HAp, Co-HAp and NI-HAp. Furthermore, the metal-HAp catalyst is used in the PFAD esterification process into biodiesel. PFAD has free fatty acid (ALB) levels reaching 90%. Cu-HAp catalyst, giving the highest conversion yield of biodiesel (94.4%), with specific gravity 0.84 g/ml (40 ° C, viscosity 4,811 Cst, acid number 0.5533 gr KOH / gr oil, flash point 120 ° C and a calorific value of 9813 Kcal/kg in accordance with ISO standards-04-7182-2006. Analysis of the chemical components in the form of biodiesel from PFAD: Methyl Ester Heksadekanoat (53.1%); ME 9, Oktadekenoat (32.81%); ME octadecanoic (2:59 %) and ME 9,12, Octadecadienoic (5.93%) and a little Hexadecanoic Acid (5.57%).
Terpenoid as Antibacterial Produced by Endophyte Fusarium oxysporum LBKURCC41 from Dahlia variabilis Tuber
Authors: Piska F , Teruna H Y , Saryono  
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Fusarium oxysporum LBKURCC41 is an endophytic isolated from Dahlia variabilis tubers from Padang Luar, West Sumatra. The strain was fermented using modified Huangs’ media, ie using corn as a carbon source for 15 days. The purpose of this study is to isolate secondary metabolites from LBKURCC41 strains. The filtrate from the liquid fermentation media was extracted using EtOAc:MeOH at a ratio of 95:5 to 50:50. Purification using fast chromatography was performed with a mixture of BAW (5:1:4). The structure was elucidated by, FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The isolate was identified as a sesquiterpenoid, with weak antimicrobial activity against E.coli and S. aureus with 2.1 mm clear zone and concentration of 10 ppm.
Content Needs Analysis and Development of the E-Module Reaction Rate in School Chemistry
Authors: Noer Asmadi Muhammad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn today's era of technological development, it demands the availability of teaching materials that are the simplest to use and easily accessible so that users can easily study learning materials wherever and whenever. Therefore, this research was conducted to analyze the need for IT-based teaching materials and the development of teaching materials in the form of e-modules on the reaction rate material. This research was conducted concerning the Plomp development model which consists of three development phases, namely, the preliminary research phase, the development phase or prototype, and the assessment phase. The results of the needs analysis show that students and teachers need an IT-based teaching material that can be used to overcome the problems experienced in learning reaction rate material. And the results of the feasibility test for material and media experts showed that the e-module reaction rate developed was suitable for use in chemistry learning.
Identifying the Misconception of Sound Concepts among Grade V Students at SDN 192 Pekanbaru
Authors: Nurjani D M , Alpusari M , Mahartika I , Diniya D , Ilhami A , Permana N D P , Alim J A , sari I K , Mulyani E A , Putra R A , Hermita N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The present study was carried out to identify the misconception of sound properties among elementary school students. Conducted through descriptive quantitative, there were 69 students of fifth grade of Public Elementary School 192 Pekanbaru as the chosen sample. The instrument used was a Four Tier Test diagnostic test and interviews related to misconceptions. Based on the results obtained in this line of study, it was figured out that the level of students’ understanding on the sound characteristics was 56.16%. The results of this study indicated that the causes of misconceptions in students come from the students’ understanding, low student retention, wrong intusions, teacher learning methods, and reference books.