bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and domino reactions of polymethylene‐3‐cyanopyridine‐2(1Н)‐thiones
Authors: Shestopalov Anatoliy M. , Rodinovskaya Lyudmila A. , Zubarev Andrey A. , Nesterov Vladimir N. , Ugrak Bogdan I. , Dutova Tatyana Ya. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA new and facile three‐component method was developed for the synthesis of polymethylene‐3‐cyanopyridine‐2(1Н)‐thiones by the domino Knoevenagel → Michael → heterocyclization → dehydrogenation reaction from cycloalkanones, cyanothioacetamide, and polymethoxy‐substituted benzaldehydes. The final dehydrogenation step was found to involve arylidenecyanothioacetamide. The resulting pyridinethiones and 4‐chloroacetoacetic ester were introduced into the domino SN2 → Thorpe‐Ziegler → Guareschi‐Thorpe reaction to synthesize tetracyclic dipyridothiophenes. Starting from these compounds, 8,9‐polymethylenepyranothienodipyridines were also synthesized by the domino Knoevenagel → Michael → hetero‐Thorpe‐Ziegler reaction. Furthermore, a method for the synthesis of thienodipyridine annulated to the steroid skeleton is proposed.
Use of complementary and alternative medicine in patients with inborn errors of metabolism: A single‐center study
Authors: Tao Jessica , Rupar C. Anthony , Miller Michael R. , Ratko Suzanne , Prasad Chitra 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThere is a paucity of information on the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in patients with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). This study's objective was to evaluate the self‐reported use and perceived effectiveness of CAM in adults and children with IEM.MethodsPatients aged 0‐70 years and caregivers seen at the London Health Sciences Centre Metabolic Clinic (London, Ontario, Canada) between July 2017 and August 2017 were recruited to complete a questionnaire regarding CAM use to help their IEM diagnosis and perceived effectiveness of these therapies. Survey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics; age, sex, and education level associations among CAM users were tested using the Pearson χ2 test.ResultsOf 50 potential participants, 44 (88%) completed the questionnaire, including 21 adults (6 by caregivers) and 23 children (22 by caregivers). The most common IEM category was Aminoacidopathies and Small Molecule Disorders (50%). Twenty‐seven (61%) participants reported CAM use to help their IEM diagnosis. The most common CAM therapies used were chiropractic manipulation, omega‐3 fatty acids, probiotics, and aromatherapy/essential oils. Most CAM users and caregivers (74%) perceived their CAM therapies as effective overall. Among CAM users, 40% had not discussed CAM use with a health care professional (HCP). CAM use was similar when comparing age, sex and education level.ConclusionsCAM is commonly used among patients with IEM. The safety and efficacy of CAM therapies for IEM should be further investigated. HCPs and patients should openly discuss CAM use in order to evaluate safety.
Improved quantification of myelin water fraction using joint sparsity of T2* distribution
Authors: Chen Quan , She Huajun , Du Yiping P. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundMyelin water fraction (MWF) can be quantified with analysis of the T2* distribution, whereas deducing the T2* spectrum from several echoes is an underdetermined and ill‐posed problem.PurposeTo improve the quantification of myelin water content by using nonnegative jointly sparse (NNJS) optimization.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsNine healthy subjects.Field Strength/Sequence3T, multiecho gradient echo.AssessmentThe results of NNJS were compared with that of the nonnegative least square (NNLS)‐based algorithms. Simulated models with varied MWF at different noise levels were used to evaluate the accuracy of estimations. In human data, the MWF values of different regions were compared with previous studies and the coefficient of variation (COV) was used to assess the spatial coherence.Statistical TestPairedt‐test.ResultsIn simulation, the relative errors of MWF obtained from synthesized data with signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) at 500, 200, 150, and 100 were 0.08, 0.09, 0.10, and 0.12 for NNJS, 0.29, 0.43, 0.48, and 0.53 for regularized NNLS (rNNLS), and 0.19, 0.24, 0.25, and 0.26 for spatially‐regularized NNLS (srNNLS). In human data, the mean values of MWF produced by NNJS in different regions were consistent with previous studies. Compared with the NNLS‐based algorithms, lower COVs generated by NNJS were observed in genu, forceps minor, forceps major, and internal capsule, which were 0.44 ± 0.08, 0.48 ± 0.07, 0.46 ± 0.03, and 0.48 ± 0.09 in NNJS, 0.88 ± 0.28, 0.96 ± 0.18, 0.72 ± 0.03, and 0.85 ± 0.15 in rNNLS, and 0.56 ± 0.17, 0.64 ± 0.14, 0.50 ± 0.04 and 0.58 ± 0.13 in srNNLS.Data ConclusionQuantitative results of both simulated and human data show that NNJS provides more plausible estimation than the NNLS‐based algorithms. Visual advantages of NNJS in spatial consistency can be confirmed by the comparative COV index. The proposed algorithm might improve the quantification of myelin water content.Level of Evidence:2Technical Efficacy:Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:146–158.
Middle to late Pleistocene record of explosive volcanic eruptions in marine sediments offshore Kamchatka (Meiji Rise, NW Pacific)
Authors: Derkachev Alexander N. , Gorbarenko Sergey A. , Ponomareva Vera V. , Portnyagin Maxim V. , Malakhova Galina I. , Liu Yanguang 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the first detailed study of a late Pleistocene marine tephra sequence from the NW Pacific, downwind from the Kamchatka volcanic arc. Sediment core SO201‐2‐40, located on the Meiji Rise ~400 km offshore the peninsula, includes 25 tephras deposited within the last 215 ka. Volcanic glass from the tephras was characterized using single‐shard electron microprobe analysis and laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry. The age of tephras was derived from a new age model based on paleomagnetic and paleoclimate studies. Geochemical correlation of distal tephras to Kamchatkan pyroclastic deposits allowed the identification of tephras from the Karymsky, Gorely, Opala and Shiveluch eruptive centers. Three of these tephras were also correlated to other marine and terrestrial sites and hence are identified as the best markers for the north‐west Pacific region. These are an early Holocene tephra from the Karymsky caldera (~8.7 ka) and two tephras falling into the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 glacial time: an MIS 6.4 tephra from Shiveluch (~141 ka) and the MIS 6.5 Rauchua tephra (~175 ka) from Karymsky. The data presented in this study can be used in paleovolcanological and paleoceanographic reconstructions.
A combined Raman, Fourier transform infrared, and X‐ray diffraction study of thermally treated nesquehonite
Authors: Skliros Vasilios , Tsakiridis Petros , Perraki Maria 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNesquehonite synthesized by mixing MgCl2·6H2O and Na2CO3 at T 25°C, was thermally treated at various temperatures (170°C, 200°C, 295°C, 350°C, and 390°C), based on thermal analysis study of raw nesquehonite. The mineral phases formed at each temperature were studied by means of Raman microspectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. After thermal treatment of raw nesquehonite above 295°C, its dominant Raman peak at 1,100 cm−1, which corresponds to the v1 CO32− antisymmetric stretching vibrations, exhibits broadening and upshift of up to 10 cm−1, whereas the Raman peaks at 707 cm−1, at 770 cm−1, at 1,425 cm−1, and at 1,710 cm−1 disappear, and new Raman peaks arise at 1,282 cm−1 and at 1,386 cm−1. The latter have been attributed to the decomposition of HCO3−, in accordance with the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study. According to the differential thermal analysis study, water of crystallization is lost in two steps until 295°C; therefore, the phase studied above this temperature corresponds to Mg (HCO3)(OH). The Raman peak at 3,550 cm−1 assigned to the existence of OH−, exhibits weakening after thermal treatment. Our results corroborate a Mg (HCO3)OH·2H2O nesquehonite formula.
Untargeted metabolomic profiling of three Crataegus species (hawthorn) and their in vitro biological activities
Authors: Rocchetti Gabriele , Senizza Biancamaria , Zengin Gokhan , Mahomodally Mohamad Fawzi , Senkardes Ismail , Lobine Devina , Lucini Luigi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this investigation, the chemical and biological profiles of three Turkish Crataegus species (Crataegus orientalis, Crataegus szovitsii and Crataegus tanacetifolia) were studied in order to provide the first comprehensive characterization and their health‐promoting potential. In this respect, polyphenolic profiles were evaluated using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. The in vitro antioxidant activities of the Crataegus samples were evaluated by using free‐radical scavenging, phosphomolybdenum, ferrous‐ion chelating, and reducing power assays. The inhibitory activities against α‐glucosidase, amylase, cholinesterases (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)), and tyrosinase were also established.RESULTSThe untargeted metabolomic approach highlighted the effect of both extraction types and species on the phenolic profiles of different Crateagus tissues (i.e. leaves and twigs). The methanolic extracts showed the maximum radical scavenging and reducing activity in all test systems, whereas for ferrous‐ion chelating assays the decocted and infused extracts showed the highest activity. Only the methanolic extracts were effective against AChE and BChE. The extract tested showed remarkable inhibitory effects against tyrosinase and α‐glucosidase, whereas all the extracts exhibited modest inhibition against α‐amylase. Overall, the twig extracts of the three species studied showed superior antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities.CONCLUSIONOn the basis of these results, the three Crataegus species can be classified as potent bioresources for high‐value phytochemicals, which warrant further investigations for developing novel nutraceuticals. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Investigation of chromatographic peak broadening in supercritical fluid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Pauk Volodymyr , Lemr Karel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMultimode ionization source allows for switching between different ionization techniques, for example, electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, within a single analysis. Supercritical fluid chromatography can handle a wide polarity range of substances from hydrophilic to lipophilic in a single run and can undoubtedly benefit from versatility of this ion source. Nevertheless, we observed a significant chromatographic peak broadening effect in atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mode during supercritical fluid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis of volatile flavor compounds with a dual ion source named ESCi (Waters). Surprisingly, this effect was not related to the separation process but was triggered solely by the ion source conditions. Neither of photodiode array detector, electrospray mode nor a dedicated atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source suffered from such a phenomenon. Chromatographic peak profiles of ten test substances obtained with the dual ion source were compared with photodiode array detector data as a reference. The broadening effect was more pronounced for volatile compounds with low polarity. Dependence of peak broadening on the ion source settings was systematically investigated. Tuning of desolvation gas flow and its temperature dramatically reduced peak distortion and increased detection sensitivity.
Endoscopic Fluorescence‐Guided Surgery for Sinonasal Cancer Using an Antibody‐Dye Conjugate
Authors: Hart Zachary P. , Nishio Naoki , Krishnan Giri , Lu Guolan , Zhou Quan , Fakurnejad Shayan , Wormald Peter John , van den Berg Nynke S. , Rosenthal Eben L. , Baik Fred M. 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveEndoscopic resection of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma has become the standard of care, but challenges remain in obtaining clear resection margins. The current study evaluated the feasibility of endoscopic fluorescence‐guided surgery (FGS) to improve surgical resection in a human sinus surgical model.MethodsA fluorescence endoscope optimized for near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence detection was evaluated in a phantom study. Various endoscope diameters (4 and 10 mm) and viewing angles (0, 30, and 45 degrees) were evaluated to determine the sensitivity of the system for IRDye800CW detection at various working distances (1–5 cm). Endoscopic FGS was then validated in a three‐dimensional human sinus surgical model to which squamous cell tumors derived from mice were inserted. Mice had received intravenous panitumumab‐IRDye800CW and upon fluorescence‐guided tumor resection, mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and tumor‐to‐background ratio (TBR) were calculated in in situ and ex vivo settings.ResultsA significantly higher fluorescence intensity was found when using the 10‐mm diameter endoscope compared to the 4mm diameter endoscope (P < .001). No significant difference in MFI was found among the viewing angles of the 4‐mm diameter endoscope. Using the human sinus model, the highest MFI and TBR were obtained at a 1‐cm working distance compared to longer working distances.ConclusionWe demonstrate that clinically acceptable TBRs were obtained with several working distances to discriminate tumor tissue from adjacent normal tissue in a human sinus model, and that endoscopic FGS may have great potential in identifying residual tumor tissue regions during surgery. Laryngoscope, 2019
Corrosion mechanism and behavior of high‐velocity arc‐sprayed Al–Ti–Si–RE coating in a simulated deep sea
Authors: Tong Hui , Wei Shicheng , Wang Qinzhao , Wang Yujiang , Liang Yi , Xu Binshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe corrosion protection of deep‐sea equipment using the economical method of thermal spraying has become a research hotspot. This study investigated the corrosion behavior of high‐velocity arc‐sprayed Al–Ti–Si–RE coating in a simulated deep sea with regard to microstructures, compositions, and electrochemical measurements. Results showed that the Al–Ti–Si–RE coating has excellent corrosion resistance at high hydrostatic pressure (HP). HP plays an important role in the anodic reaction of the coating, whereas dissolved oxygen (DO) mainly affects the cathodic reaction. HP accelerates the dissolution of the coating's passive film, which results in steady corrosion. The amount of corrosion products depends on DO. The corrosion of the self‐sealing coating is inhibited in low DO when steady corrosion is achieved.
Al2O3 eliminating defects in the Al coating by laser cladding to improve corrosion and wear resistance of Mg alloy
Authors: Li Sheng , Yi Laihua , Liu Tongfang , Ji Bo , Yang Cuiming , Zhou Lihong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough Al produces a solid metallurgical bonding with Mg alloy substrates, micropores or crevices in the Al coating can reduce the resistance of Mg alloy to corrosion. In this study, a composite coating with a defect‐free microstructure was prepared on the AZ31 Mg alloy substrate by introducing Al2O3 into the Al matrix via the method of laser cladding. On the one hand, Al2O3 with thermal insulation had a low thermal expansion coefficient and was not very prone to voids during laser melting. On the other hand, Al2O3 particles with a small size acted as the filler in the micropores or crevices. The Al/Al2O3 coating exhibited a smaller current density (2.1 × 10−6 A/cm2) in comparison with those of bare substrate and Al coating (158.4 × 10−6 and 3.1 × 10−6 A/cm2, respectively), which was mainly ascribed to the pore‐free microstructure and high resistance to corrosion of Al2O3 phase. A favorable microhardness value of 95.3 HV was achieved for Al/Al2O3 coating, approximately 1.8 times higher than that of Al coating (52.8 V), which was mainly ascribed to the dispersion hardening of Al2O3 phase. Meanwhile, the Al/Al2O3 coating significantly reduced wear volume from 2.8 mm3/m of Al coating to 0.4 mm3/m, showing great potential for weight reduction applications.
Comparative Studies on Ionic Liquid and Polymer Ionic Liquid Blend for Application in EDLCs
Authors: Tripathi Mukta , Bobade Santosh M. , Gupta Meenal , Kumar Yogesh 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the present work, comparative studies on two ion‐conducting materials, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) as ionic liquid (IL) and polymer ionic liquid blend, are reported. For the synthesis of polymer ionic liquid blend system, BMIMCl as ionic liquid, PVDF‐HFP and acetonitrile as a solvent are used. The different polymer ionic liquid blend is prepared by adopting universal solution cast technique and electrolyte sample is optimized mixing IL in the polymer by maintaining ratio 1:4. The impedance plot is observed by LCR Hi‐TESTER. The optimized sample of electrolyte system shows higher ionic conductivity of the order ≈10−3 S cm−1. The Arrhenius behavior is found from the temperature dependence conductivity plot, giving activation energy of Ea ≈ 0.073 eV. The ionic transference number is calculated for IL and optimized polymer ionic liquid blend. Electrical potential window stability is observed for IL and polymer ionic liquid blend. The fabrication of electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) is done by sandwiching ion conducting materials between two carbon electrodes. The specific capacitance of EDLC cell: AC ||(PVDF‐HFP (20 wt%) + (BMIMCl) (80 wt%)|| AC and AC ||BMIMCl|| AC, gives highest capacitance value ≈116.9 and 96.5 mF cm−2 equivalent to single electrode capacitance 54.57 and 52.6 F g−1, respectively, by cyclic voltammetry studies at 1 mV s−1 scan rate.
Application of the ORBEYE three‐dimensional exoscope for microsurgical procedures
Authors: Ahmad Faisal I. , Mericli Alexander F. , DeFazio Michael V. , Chang Edward I. , Hanasono Matthew M. , Pederson William C. , Kaufman Matthew , Selber Jesse C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdvances in digital imaging, screen technology, and optics have led to the development of extracorporeal telescopes, also known as exoscopes, as alternatives to surgical loupes (SLs) and traditional operating microscopes (OMs) for surgical magnification. Theoretical advantages of the exoscope over conventional devices include improved surgeon ergonomics; superior three‐dimensional, high‐definition optics; and greater ease‐of‐use. The ORBEYE exoscope, in particular, has demonstrated early efficacy in the surgical arena. The purpose of this study was to compare the ORBEYE with conventional microscopy.MethodsIn this case–control pilot study, we compared the ORBEYE (n = 22) with conventional microscopy (n = 27) across 49 consecutive microsurgical cases during a 6‐week period. Both visualization methods consisted of breast, and head and neck cases, while the ORBEYE was also used for extremity and lymphedema microsurgical cases. The ORBEYE was utilized during flap dissection and microvascular anastomosis. Baseline demographics, operative time, ischemia time, and intra‐ and postoperative microvascular complications were examined and compared. Attending surgeons completed an ergonomics and performance survey postoperatively comparing the ORBEYE with their previous use of SL/OM using a 5‐point Likert scale.ResultsThere was no difference in operative time (507 ± 132 min vs. 522 ± 139, p = .714), ischemia time (77.9 ± 31.4 min vs. 77.5 ± 36.0, p = .972), or microsurgical complications (0% vs. 4%, p = 1) between the ORBEYE and conventional microscopy groups. In a survey administered immediately postoperatively, surgeons reported favorable ergonomics, excellent image quality, and ease of equipment manipulation using the exoscope.ConclusionsThe ORBEYE is an effective microsurgical tool and may be considered as an alternative to conventional optical magnification technology.
Dynamic analysis of an axially loaded pile embedded in elastic‐poroelasitc layered soil of finite thickness
Authors: Zheng Changjie , Gan Shishun , Kouretzis George , Luan Lubao , Ding Xuanming 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThis paper presents an analytical solution for determining the dynamic characteristics of axially loaded piles embedded in elastic‐poroelastic layered soil of finite thickness. The interface between the elastic and poroelastic soil coincides with the groundwater table level, which is explicitly taken into account in the solution. The pile is modelled as elastic one‐dimensional rod to account for the effect of its dynamic characteristics on the response of the soil‐pile system. The solution is based on Biot's poroelastodynamic theory and the classical elastodynamic theory, which we use to establish the governing equations of the soil and pile. Accordingly, the pile base resistance, shaft reaction, and the complex impedance of soil‐pile system are obtained using the method of Hankel integral transformation. Following the validation of the derived solution, we identify the main parameters affecting the vertical dynamic impedance of the pile via a parametric study. The presented method poses as an efficient alternative for quickly estimating the dynamic characteristics of axially loaded piles, without having to resort to complex numerical analyses.
High mechanical and tribological performance of polyimide nanocomposite reinforced by fluorinated graphene oxide
Authors: Min Chunying , He Zengbao , Liang Hongyu , Liu Dengdeng , Dong Changkun , Song Haojie , Huang Yudong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNovel polyimide/fluorinated graphene oxide (PI/FGO) nanocomposites with outstanding mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties were obtained using FGO nanosheets which were successfully fabricated by simple hydrothermal reaction. FGO exhibited distinguished interface adhesion with PI matrix due to covalent bonds, resulting improved mechanical and wear resistance of PI/FGO nanocomposites. Wherein, PI/FGO‐0.5 nanocomposite demonstrated conspicuous tribological performance accompanied with 33.1% decrease of friction coefficient and 80.8% reduction of wear rate compared with pure PI under dry friction. Notably, PI/FGO nanocomposites manifested better wear resistance under seawater than that under dry friction, illustrating its great potentiality as high wear‐resistant material suitable for ocean environment.
Polymer supports for the removal and degradation of hazardous organic pollutants: an overview
Authors: Urbano Bruno F , Bustamante Saúl , Palacio Daniel A , Vera Myleidi , Rivas Bernabé L 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOver the last decades, the presence of highly organic pollutants has increased and become an environmental problem that affects all forms of life. To solve or reduce this problem, multiple strategies have been proposed for the elimination and degradation of organic compounds in aqueous media. This review aims to revise and critically discuss the most recent advances in polymer supports to be used for the adsorption and degradation of organic pollutants. However, the greatest challenge with respect to this issue is the industrial scale‐up of bioremediation processes that allow the removal and degradation of compounds in a continuous and large‐scale manner. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry