bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The analgesic effect of propofol associated with the inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor and inflammasome in complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: Hsiao Hung-Tsung , Liu Yuan-Yuarn , Wang Jeffrey Chi-Fei , Lin Ya-Chi , Liu Yen-Chin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is related to microcirculation impairment caused by tissue hypoxia and peripheral cytokine overproduction in the affected human limb and chronic post-ischemic pain (CPIP) is considered as an animal model for this intractable disease. Previous studies suggest that the pathogenesis of CPIP involves the hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and an exaggerated regional inflammatory and free radical response. The inhibition of HIF-1α is known to relieve CPIP. So, propofol, as a free radical scavenger, is very likely to be beneficial in terms of relieving CPIP.

Methods
We set up a CPIP model using the hindpaw of mice. We administered propofol (10 mg/kg) just after the reperfusion period (early stage) and also on the second day (late stage), as treatment. The analysis evaluated the expression of HIF-1α, free radicals, and inflammasome.

Results
Propofol administration produced obvious analgesia in both mechanical and thermal evaluation in the early stage of CPIP (2 h after reperfusion). Only a mild analgesic effect was found in the late stage (48 h later after reperfusion). In the early stage, the expression of HIF-1α and the inflammasome marker (NALP1) along with caspase-1 were suppressed by propofol. The free radical level also decreased in the propofol group. But those molecular changes were not founded in the late stage of CPIP.

Conclusion
Our data demonstrated that propofol produces mice analgesia in the early stage of CPIP and this effect is associated with inhibition of free radical, hypoxia inducible factor and inflammasome.
Unique health identifiers for universal health coverage
Authors: Mills Samuel , Lee Jane Kim , Rassekh Bahie Mary , Zorko Kodelja Martina , Bae Green , Kang Minah , Pannarunothai Supasit , Kijsanayotin Boonchai 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Identifying everyone residing in a country, especially the poor, is an indispensable part of pursuing universal health coverage (UHC). Having information on an individuals’ financial protection is also imperative for measuring the progress of UHC. This paper examines different ways of instituting a system of unique health identifiers that can lead toward achieving UHC, particularly in relation to utilizing universal civil registration and national unique identification number systems. Civil registration is a fundamental function of the government that establishes a legal identity for individuals and enables them to access essential public services. National unique identification numbers assigned at birth registration can further link their vital event information with data collected in different sectors, including in finance and health. Some countries use the national unique identification number as the unique health identifier, such as is done in South Korea and Thailand. In other countries, a unique health identifier is created in addition to the national unique identification number, but the two numbers are linked; Slovenia offers an example of this arrangement. The advantages and disadvantages of the system types are discussed in the paper. In either approach, linking the health system with the civil registration and national identity management systems contributed to advancing effective and efficient UHC programs in those countries.
Cloud-based services for electronic civil registration and vital statistics systems
Authors: McDowall Brett , Mills Samuel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper examines the hosting options for electronic civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems, particularly the use of data centers versus cloud-based solutions. A data center is a facility that houses computer systems and associated hardware and software components, such as network and storage systems, power supplies, environment controls, and security devices. An alternative to using a data center is cloud-based hosting, which is a virtual data center hosted by a public cloud provider. The cloud is used on a pay-as-you-go basis and does not require purchasing and maintaining of hardware for data centers. It also provides more flexibility for continuous innovation in line with evolving information and communications technology.
eLearning course for improving civil registration and vital statistics systems
Authors: Mills Samuel , Jagannathan Sheila , Lee Jane Kim , Rassekh Bahie Mary 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The World Bank Group (WBG), in partnership with the Global Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) Group, the Korea Ministry of Economy and Finance, and the WBG Open Learning Campus, launched the first comprehensive CRVS eLearning course in May 2017. The development of this course demonstrates the commitment and collaboration of development partners and governments working closely together in building the capacity of national institutions to improve CRVS systems in low- and middle-income countries. As of December 2018, over 2300 learners from 137 countries have enrolled in the course. This paper discusses how the course has been developed, disseminated, and evaluated thus far. It also presents the challenges faced and how the course has improved based on feedback from course participants.
Economic analysis of producing vital statistics using civil registration data in Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Authors: Mills Samuel , Amponsah Daniel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The government of Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) is currently in the preparation stage of a 5-year project that will establish an electronic civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) system. The authors of this paper adapted a framework for economic analysis developed by Jimenez-Soto et al. (Jimenez-Soto et al., PLoS ONE 9(8): e106234, 2014) to assess the cost-effectiveness of producing vital statistics in Lao PDR using data from a complete electronic CRVS system, compared to using data from other sources, such as the 2015 Population and Housing Census and the 2017 Lao Social Indicator Survey (LSIS). Of 20 types of vital statistics (including birth statistics, fertility rates, and death statistics), a complete and accurate CRVS system can produce all 20 of these vital statistics, while the 2015 Census can produce 17, and the 2017 LSIS and the current civil registration system can produce 4 each. A cost-effectiveness analysis of different data sources for producing vital statistics over a 20-year projection showed that a complete and accurate CRVS system ranked best, followed by population census and population-based survey. In addition to enabling vital statistics to be produced cost-effectively, a robust civil registration system would also support improving the efficiency of public service delivery, leading to further cost savings for the country.
Medical system and nutrition improvement for the rural elderly
Authors: Wang Zhenhua , Jiang Jinqi , Zeng Qiyan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Insufficient nutrition intake has negatively influenced the health of the elderly in rural China where the problem of population aging is serious. The present study aims to explore whether the medical system, called the New Rural Cooperative Medical System (NRCMS), can improve the rural elderly’s nutrition intake and the mechanism behind it.

Methods
The difference in differences (DID) model and the propensity score matching-difference in differences (PSM-DID) model are both performed to investigate the impact of the medical system on nutrition improvement for the rural elderly. Two thousand seven hundred eighty rural elderly samples tracked in 2000 and 2006 from the China Health and Nutrition Survey are analyzed. Indices for the elderly’s nutrition intake includes daily average intake of energy, fat, protein, and carbohydrate.

Results
The results show that participation in the NRCMS can significantly increase the rural elderly’s total energy intake, carbohydrate intake, and protein intake by 206.688 kcal, 36.379 g, and 6.979 g, respectively. A more significant impact of the NRCMS on nutrition intake is observed in the central and near-western where economic development is lagging behind. Also, compared to people of 18–60 age group, such impact is statistically more significant in the elderly for the carbohydrate intake.

Conclusions
The NRCMS can improve the rural elderly’s nutrition intake in China. As the population ages rapidly in rural China, the present study provides recommendations on how to improve nutrition and health status of the elderly from the aspect of the medical system.
Silencing the Culture of Chosŏn Buddhism: The Ideology of Exclusion of theChosŏn Wangjo Sillok
Authors: Kim Sung-Eun Thomas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe culture of Buddhism and its history have been marginalized in the collective memories of the Chosŏn period. Due to the inclination of contemporary research to depend on official records, the patterns of Confucian biases have come to persist in current research. This article examines the ideological biases and the historiographical legacy of the Chosŏn wangjo sillok, a source that has been privileged in the study of Chosŏn history and society. In light of the ideologically driven historiography of the Sillok, this article argues for a nuanced understanding of Chosŏn history and a reconsideration of the social and cultural role of Chosŏn Buddhism during a time that has generally been accepted as a period of Buddhist decline. Through alternative sources of history and new approaches to understanding Chosŏn Buddhism, we are afforded a look into a side of Buddhist culture that endured. For instance, the literary culture of poetry exchanges, the tradition of scholar-officials composing biographical introductions to the collected works of eminent monks (munjip), and the sponsorship of temple works by the sociopolitical elites reveals a Buddhism that existed in the private social (sa) realm that were excluded from the government records and thus, so far, overlooked.
Vernacular Itineraries: Korean Letters from Family to National Archive
Authors: Chizhova Ksenia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Vernacular Korean letters were exchanged routinely in the royal and elite families of Chosŏn Korea (1392–1910), and women were at least on one side of a letter’s itinerary. While male-centered literary Chinese learning held highest prestige, the patriarchal families of the time cherished their private archives, in which vernacular letters were sentimental mementos, testaments of women’s learning, and status symbols. This familial epistolary archive received varying elaborations as it transitioned into museums and departments of national literature in South Korea. While elite vernacular epistolary style (naeganch’e) embodies the core of tradition and national literature for such colonial-era intellectuals as Yi Pyŏnggi (1891–1968) and Yi T’aejun (1904–?), the anticolonial and antifeudal current of the post-1945 South Korean scholarship overlooks the elite tradition. This explains the persistent invisibility of women-centered elite vernacular culture in the contemporary scholarship of Chosŏn Korea. Developing the notion of itinerary—the transition, appropriation, and recoding of elite vernacular letters—this article ponders the implication of archival practices upon the study of the past, and highlights the knowledge systems that determined the visibility and meaning of elite vernacular culture in Korea’s modern era.
Cognitive control depletion reduces pre-stimulus and recollection-related measures of strategic retrieval
Authors: Herron Jane E 
Published: October 2019

Background: The ability to strategically retrieve task-relevant information from episodic memory is thought to rely on goal-directed executive processes, and there is evidence that neural correlates of strategic retrieval are sensitive to reserves of cognitive control. The present study extended this work, exploring the role of cognitive control in the flexible orienting of strategic retrieval processes across alternating retrieval goals. Method: Pre-stimulus cues directed participants to endorse memory targets from one of two encoding contexts, with the target encoding context alternating every two trials. Items from the nontarget encoding context were rejected alongside new items. One group of participants completed a Stroop task prior to the memory test in order to deplete their reserves of cognitive control, while a second group performed a control task. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded throughout the memory task, and time-locked to both pre-stimulus cues and memory probes. Results: Control participants’ pre-stimulus ERPs showed sustained divergences at frontal electrode sites according to retrieval goal. This effect was evident on the first trial of each memory task, and linked with the initiation of goal-specific retrieval orientations. Control participants also showed enhanced ERP correlates of recollection (the ‘left parietal effect’) for correctly classified targets relative to nontargets on the second trial of each memory task, indexing strategic retrieval of task-relevant information. Both the pre-stimulus index of retrieval orientation and the target/nontarget left parietal effect were significantly attenuated in participants that completed the Stroop task. Conclusions: The reduction of pre-stimulus and stimulus-locked ERP effects following the Stroop task indicates that available reserves of cognitive control play an important role in both proactive and recollection-related aspects of strategic retrieval.
The lipid transfer protein Saposin B does not directly bind CD1d for lipid antigen loading
Authors: Shamin Maria , Benedyk Tomasz H. , Graham Stephen C. , Deane Janet E. 
Published: October 2019

Background: Lipid antigens are presented on the surface of cells by the CD1 family of glycoproteins, which have structural and functional similarity to MHC class I molecules. The hydrophobic lipid antigens are embedded in membranes and inaccessible to the lumenal lipid-binding domain of CD1 molecules. Therefore, CD1 molecules require lipid transfer proteins for lipid loading and editing. CD1d is loaded with lipids in late endocytic compartments, and lipid transfer proteins of the saposin family have been shown to play a crucial role in this process. However, the mechanism by which saposins facilitate lipid binding to CD1 molecules is not known and is thought to involve transient interactions between protein components to ensure CD1-lipid complexes can be efficiently trafficked to the plasma membrane for antigen presentation. Of the four saposin proteins, the importance of Saposin B (SapB) for loading of CD1d is the most well-characterised. However, a direct interaction between CD1d and SapB has yet to be described. Methods: In order to determine how SapB might load lipids onto CD1d, we used purified, recombinant CD1d and SapB and carried out a series of highly sensitive binding assays to monitor direct interactions. We performed equilibrium binding analysis, chemical cross-linking and co-crystallisation experiments, under a range of different conditions. Results: We could not demonstrate a direct interaction between SapB and CD1d using any of these binding assays. Conclusions: This work strongly indicates that the role of SapB in lipid loading does not involve direct binding to CD1d. We discuss the implication of this for our understanding of lipid loading of CD1d and propose several factors that may influence this process.
Über die Evaluierung der Mietpreisbremse
Authors: Thomschke Lorenz 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die Einführung der sogenannten Mietpreisbremse im Jahr 2015 war ein massiver Eingriff in den deutschen Wohnungsmarkt, mit der drastischen Mietpreissteigerungen in angespannten Wohnungsmärkten ein Riegel vorgeschoben werden sollte. Durch die Reform sollte das Wohnen in prosperierenden Städten – so das politische Versprechen – auch für Normal- und Niedrigeinkommensbezieher erschwinglich bleiben.
Viele Ökonomen befürchteten jedoch, dass die Maßnahme ein unverhältnismäßiger Eingriff sei, der mehr Schaden als Nutzen bringe. Im Kern befürchten die Kritiker, dass derartige Maßnahmen mit einer ineffizienten Verteilung von Wohnraum einhergehen und kaum Entlastung für die beabsichtigten Haushalte bringen würden. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden im Folgenden zunächst theoretische Aspekte von Mietpreisregulierungen im Allgemeinen und der Mietpreisbremse im Speziellen thematisiert. Empirische Befunde zu den theoretischen Diskussionen aus der internationalen Literatur sind allerdings rar, denn bereits die Messung der Preiseffekte von Mietpreisregulierungen ist mit weitreichenden Annahmen und methodischen Herausforderungen verbunden. Daher werden auch die Fallstricke bei der Messung von Preiseffekten erläutert und die vorliegenden empirischen Studien zur Mietpreisbremse werden in diesem Zusammenhang diskutiert.
Folded W-Band Waveguide Filters with Resonant Coupling Apertures for the Generation of Additional Transmission Zeros
Authors: Miek Daniel , Morán-López Ana , Ruiz-Cruz Jorge A. , Höft Michael 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper the realization of multiple additional transmission zeros in folded W-band waveguide filters is discussed. The transmission zeros (TZs) can be placed symmetrically as well as asymmetrically in the near passband region of the filter and arise due to a resonant coupling between source and / or load. Third and fourth order filter set-ups are presented, showing in total between three and six TZs. These zeros can be used to improve the selectivity of the filter without increasing the overall order. The filter design and realization process is discussed. Subsequently, the measurement results are compared with simulation, showing good agreement. As the filters are designed for the W-band, the manufacturing process is connected with some difficulties which are addressed within this paper as well.
Effective construction of covers of canonical Hom-diagrams for equations over torsion-free hyperbolic groups
Authors: Kharlampovich Olga , Myasnikov Alexei , Taam Alexander 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We show that, given a finitely generated group G as the coordinate group of a finite system of equations over a torsion-free hyperbolic group Γ, there is an algorithm which constructs a cover of a canonical solution diagram.
The diagram encodes all homomorphisms from G to Γ as compositions of factorizations through Γ-NTQ groups and canonical automorphisms of the corresponding NTQ-subgroups.
We also give another characterization of Γ-limit groups as iterated generalized doubles over Γ.
The crystal structure of 1-(2-(2-(imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-4-ium)ethoxy)ethyl)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-4-ium bis(hexafluorophosphate) — acetonitrile (1/1), C18H20ON4F12P2
Authors: Bo Zhao , Yue Zhong , Jiewei Luo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
C18H20ON4F12P2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.393(8) Å, b = 10.894(10) Å, c = 13.716(12) Å, α = 107.741(14)°, β = 100.379(15)°, γ = 92.869(14)°, V = 1306.7(19) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0916, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1970, T = 296(2) K.
Design and simulation of an optimized electrothermal microactuator with Z-shaped beams
Authors: Tecpoyotl Torres Margarita , Cabello Ruiz Ramón , Vera Dimas José Gerardo 
Published: October 2019

The displacement of the central shuttle of a Z-shape chevron actuator can be calculated using a developed approach from other authors. Who demonstrated that the actuators with this geometry offer a larger displacement compared with V-shape actuators. Z-shape offers a larger stiffness and output force for the case of only one arm. This paper is focused on the optimization of the Z-shaped beams of a chevron actuator of eight beams, which seeks to increase the previously described response. The structure is designed in parametric solid modeling 3D software Autodesk Inventor, and simulated by finite element method in Ansys 15.0. These simulations were implemented considering several modifications on the length of the Z-shaped beams in order to choose the most appropriate length. The electric potential applied in all cases was from 0.2 V up to 5 V. The Z-shape length of the arms for the case of the optimized Z-shape actuator increases the shuttle’s displacement in approximately 50% compared to V-shape actuator, and 38% compare to the original Z-shape. Analytical adjusted approach is extremely matched with the simulations results. Length of the Z-shape beam is the determinant factor of the displacement. The low stiffness of the optimized Z-shape actuator (89% lower than the original V-shape and 58% compared to Z-shape) can allow its use as load sensor.
Olfactory neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma) presenting as ectopic ACTH syndrome: always follow your nose
Authors: Decaestecker Karen , Wijtvliet Veerle , Coremans Peter , Van Doninck Nike 
Published: October 2019

Summary
ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism is caused by an ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) in 20% of cases. We report a rare cause of EAS in a 41-year-old woman, presenting with clinical features of Cushing’s syndrome which developed over several months. Biochemical tests revealed hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis and high morning cortisol and ACTH levels. Further testing, including 24-hour urine analysis, late-night saliva and low-dose dexamethasone suppression test, confirmed hypercortisolism. An MRI of the pituitary gland was normal. Inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) revealed inconsistent results, with a raised basal gradient but no rise after CRH stimulation. Additional PET-CT showed intense metabolic activity in the left nasal vault. Biopsy of this lesion revealed an unsuspected cause of Cushing’s syndrome: an olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) with positive immunostaining for ACTH. Our patient underwent transnasal resection of the tumour mass, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Normalisation of cortisol and ACTH levels was seen immediately after surgery. Hydrocortisone substitution was started to prevent withdrawal symptoms. As the hypothalamic–pituitary–axis slowly recovered, daily hydrocortisone doses were tapered and stopped 4 months after surgery. Clinical Cushing’s stigmata improved gradually.

Learning points:

Ectopic ACTH syndrome can originate from tumours outside the thoracoabdominal region, like the sinonasal cavity.

The diagnostic accuracy of IPSS is not 100%: both false positives and false negatives may occur and might be due to a sinonasal tumour with ectopic ACTH secretion.

Olfactory neuroblastoma (syn. esthesioneuroblastoma), named because of its sensory (olfactory) and neuroectodermal origin in the upper nasal cavity, is a rare malignant neoplasm. It should not be confused with neuroblastoma, a tumour of the sympathetic nervous system typically occurring in children.

If one criticises MRI of the pituitary gland because of ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism, one should take a close look at the sinonasal field as well.
Los avisos de Luis Valle de la Cerda en contexto (1598-1599)
Authors: Gelabert González Juan E. 
Published: October 2019

Este ensayo pretende situar la publicación de los Avisos de Luis Valle de la Cerda en el contexto histórico en el que tuvo lugar, es decir, el de los últimos meses del gobierno de Felipe II. Su autor, con larga experiencia en la guerra de Flandes, creyó encontrar entonces ciertas similitudes con las circunstancias históricas que en 1576 rodearon la Paz de Gante, a la cual Valle había dedicado en 1583 un Discurso dirigido Felipe II que sigue inédito. Convencido partidario de que en la lucha contra la herejía es deber de los monarcas católicos utilizar todos los medios disponibles, Valle quiere advertir al nuevo monarca de la peligrosa deriva que, en su opinión, había seguido Felipe II en sus últimos días, y de la necesidad de un cambio de rumbo hacia una dirección que pusiese la conservación de la religión católica por encima de todo, muy próximo al modo ligueur.