bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Urine Microbiota in Patients With Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Authors: Lee Hsiang ying , Wang Jiunn‐Wei , Juan Yung-Shun , Li Ching-Chia , Liu Chung-Jung , Cho Sung Yong , Yeh Hsin-Chih , Chueh Kuang-Shun , Wu Wen-Jeng , Wu Deng‐Chyang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
IntroductionInflammation and infection are causative factors of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Urine is not sterile, and urine microbiota identified by DNA sequencing can play an important role in the development of BPH and can influence the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).Materials and methodsWe collected mid-stream voided urine samples from BPH patients and control participants and stored them in a freezer at -80 °C. All enrolled participants were requested to provide information about their clinical characteristics and complete the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire. Each step of the procedure, including the extraction of the genomic DNA from the urine samples; the amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); PCR product quantification, mixing, and purification; DNA library preparation; and sequencing was performed with quality control (QC) measures. Alpha diversity was indicative of the species complexity within individual urine samples, and beta diversity analysis was used to evaluate the differences among the samples in terms of species complexity. Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to calculate the relationship between the clinical characteristics of the participants and the microbiota species in the urine samples.ResultsWe enrolled 77 BPH patients and 30 control participants who reported no recent antibiotic usage. Old age, high IPSS and poor quality of life were observed in the participants of the BPH group. No significant differences were observed in the alpha diversity of the samples. In the beta diversity analysis, there was a significant difference between the microbiota in the samples of the BPH and control groups according to ANOSIM statistical analysis. On comparing the groups, the ten bacterial genera present in the samples of the BPH group in descending order of abundance were: Sphingomonas, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Alcaligenes, Prevotella, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Escherichia_Shigella, Akkermansia, and Parabacteroides. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that urine samples showing the presence of the bacterial genera Haemophilus, Staphylococcus, Dolosigranulum, Listeria, Phascolarctobacterium, Enhydrobacter, Bacillus, [Ruminococcus]torques, Faecalibacterium, and Finegoldia correlated with a high IPSS, and severe storage and voiding symptoms (P<0.05).ConclusionOur current study shows that dysbiosis of urine microbiota may be related to the development of BPH and the severity of LUTS. Further research targeting specific microbes to identify their role in the development of diseases is necessary and might provide novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic options.
Exosomes from Gastric Cancer Suppressed Adipo-differentiation of Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Promote Cancer-associated Cachexia via miR-155/ C/EPBβ pathway
Authors: Liu Ying , Lin Dan , Zhang Haiyang , Wang Huiya , Deng Ting , Liu Rui , Ning Tao , Bai Ming , Ying Guoguang , Ba Yi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUNDCancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is defined as a multifactorial syndrome including depletion of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Adipose tissue wasting, as a key characteristic of CAC, occurs early and is related with poor survival. However, the influence of exosomes on adipo-differentiation in CAC remained be mysterious.METHODSOil-red staining, western blotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to investigate the adipo-differentiation capacity of A-MSCs from GC patients and healthy donors. Adipo-differentiation capacity of A-MSCs treated with exosomes from GES-1 or GC cell lines was also detected. To further explore the effects of exosomal miR-155 on adipo-differentiation in vitro, we carried out luciferase reporter assay. Finally, to evaluate the function of exosomal miR-155 in vivo, BALB/c mice were subcutaneously transplanted with SGC7901 cells transfected with lentivirus containing a miR-155 overexpressing (miR-155 OE) sequence or miR-155 shRNA (miR-155 KO) or control lentivirus(NC) to observe the change of adipo-differentiation of A-MSCs.RESULTSWe showed that miR-155 was high expressed in adipose mesenchymal stem cells (A-MSCs) isolated from GC patients, which exhibited significantly suppressed adipo-differentiation. Mechanistically, targeting C/EPBβ and suppressing C/EPBα and PPARγ by GC exosomal miR-155 was demonstrated to be involved in impairing the differentiation of A-MSCs into adipocytes. The expression of C/EPBβ C/EPBα and PPARγ were rescued through downregulating miR-155 in GC exosomes. Moreover, overexpression of miR-155 improved cancer cachexia in tumor-implanted mice, charactered by weight loss, tumor progression and low expression of C/EPBβ, C/EPBα, and PPARγ in A-MSCs as well as FABP4 in tumor-related adipose tissue. Decreasing level of miR-155 in implanted tumor blocked the anti-adipogenic effects of GC. CONCLUSIONGC exosomsal miR-155 suppressed adipo-differentiation of A-MSCs via targeting C/EPBβ of A-MSCs plays a crucial role in CAC.
A Structural Equation Modeling of the Wealth and Welfare Components in Iranian Households: Rural and Urban Dichotomies
Authors: Shafiei Sediqe , Shakerian Sareh , Yazdani Shahram , Jadidfard Mohammad-Pooyan , Zafarmand A. Hamid 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Increasing social welfare and reducing poverty are to ensure the well-being of all classes of a society. Cities and villages are distinguished by cultural and economic disparities. The purpose of this study was to develop and present a comprehensive model on welfare and wealth components and their relationship with each other, as well as determining the contributing factors and variables affecting them by presenting a comprehensive model. Methods: The components of wealth and welfare were determined based on the national data comprising 19261 rural and 18701 urban household participants. Initially, the conceptual model was drawn. Later, observed and latent variables of the model were analyzed and tested using AMOS software, in two exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Finally, the Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze the data and investigate the causal relationship of latent variables.Results: The findings showed that the factors generating wealth in the urban initiate from education and lead to employment and then into income and ultimately provide wealth and welfare. Plus, there is no separation between the concept of welfare and wealth in urban society. However, land ownership is the prerequisite for wealth and welfare issues in a rural community. Moreover, wealth and welfare are two distinct phenomena in rural areas. Conclusions: The results of this study would provide the clear hints for effective policy making to resolve deprivation and poverty in Iranian rural and urban populations, prioritizing education for urban and land ownership for rural areas.
ENT Manifestations in COVID-19 Positive Patients
Authors: Kuchhal Vaibhav , Ahmad Shahzad , Chaurasia Priyanka , Rawat Pradeep 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
AIM: To study the status of ear, nose and throat in the patients diagnosed with the CoViD-19.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a perspective study in patients admitted in the isolation wards of Dr. Sushila Tiwari Hospital Haldwani between March 2020 and July 2020. There were 465 symptomatic patients out of total 727 patients diagnosed with CoViD-19 .RESULT: Since the CoViD-19 pandemic has begun, many individuals have noted many ENT manifestations along with the other general symptoms like fever(395 pt)>cough (326 pt) >weakness/fatigue (190 pt ) >difficulty in breathing (89 pt ) >muscle ache (58 pt ) >headache (56 pt) & diarrhoea (24 pt). Among ENT manifestations throat symptoms were found most common including loss of taste in 74 pt. It was noticed that most commonly sweet and salt goes first then sour taste vanish and bitter and chilli taste goes in the end, most of them were reversible after 2-3 weeks. Among nasal symptoms nasal congestion was found most common (72 pt) followed by loss of smell (88 pt), nasal blockage (66 pt) & runny nose (47 pt). loss of smell was also reversible in most of the cases after 2-3 weeks. Ear symptoms were not so commonly found. Although itching in bilateral ear, sensation of ear fullness, ear ache and conductive hearing loss were complained by some patients.CONCLUSION: This study represents the initial findings of all individuals with ENT manifestations along with the chemosensory loss in the symptomatic confirmed covid-19 patients. During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, changes in smell or taste are not being considered indicative of possible COVID-19 infection—especially in the absence of other high-suspicion symptoms.
Healthcare Workers Preparedness for COVID-19 Pandemic in The Occupied Palestinian Territory: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Alser Osaid , Alghoul Heba , Alkhateeb Zahra , Hamdan Ayah , Albarqouni Loai , Saini Kiran 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic threatens to overwhelm the capacity of a vulnerable healthcare system in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt). Sufficient training of healthcare workers (HCWs) in managing COVID-19 and the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) are essential in allowing oPt to mount a credible response to the crisis.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated online questionnaire between March 30, 2020 and April 12, 2020. Primary outcomes were availability of PPE and HCWs preparedness in oPt for COVID-19 pandemic. Secondary outcome was regional and hospital differences in oPt in terms of availability of PPE and HCWs preparedness.Results: Of 138 respondents, only 38 HCWs (27.5%) always had access to facemasks and 15 (10.9%) for isolation gowns. Most HCWs did not find eye protection (n=128, 92.8%), N95 respirators (n=132, 95.7%), and face shields (n=127, 92%) always available. Compared to HCWs in West Bank, those in the Gaza Strip were significantly less likely to have access to alcohol sanitizers (p=0.03) and gloves (p <0.001). On average, governmental hospitals were significantly less likely to have all appropriate PPE than non-governmental institutions (p = 0.001). Only 16 (11.6%) surveyed felt confident in dealing with a potential COVID-19 case, 57 (41.3%) having received any COVID-19-related training, and 57 (41.3%) not having a local hospital protocol.Conclusion: HCWs in oPt are underprepared and severely lacking adequate PPE provision. The lack of PPE provision will exacerbate spread of COVID-19 and deepen the crisis, whilst putting HCWs at risk.
Epidemiological Characteristics and Clinical Features of Patients With Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Bunyavirus Infection
Authors: JINSUN YANG , Gan Liu , Tingting HU 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
ObjectivesTo investigate the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features and prognosis of patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus (SFTSV) infection. MethodsThe data of 23 patients with SFTSV infection from June 2012 to July 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. ResultsAmong the 23 patients, 10 (43.5%) were male and 13 (56.5%) were female. The mean age was 58.9 ±12.1 years old. In total, 19 patients (82.6%) were farmers, and 21 cases (91.3%) occurred during the spring and summer season, especially in May and June. There were 5 cases (21.7%) with a clear history of tick bites and 2 cases (8.7%) with close contact with the patient who was feverish due to thrombocytopenia syndrome. Seventeen (73.9%) patients came from the mountainous area of southern Anhui Province. All patients had fever and thrombocytopenia. Most patients had leukocytopenia; proteinuria; urine occult blood; elevated liver enzymes; increased creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and D-dimer levels; muscle soreness and clinical haemorrhage. One patient even displayed a local haematoma on the abdominal wall. Some patients had low albumin, elevated serum amylase and increased lipase. After active supportive treatment, 5 patients (21.7%) were cured, 14 patients (60.9%) were improved, 2 patients (8.7%) were discharged without recovery and 2 patients (8.7%) died of multiple organ failure. ConclusionsSFTSV infection has specific epidemiological and clinical characteristics. The disease can involve multiple organs, and its mortality rate is relatively high. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the disease to promote the early detection, timely diagnosis and accurate treatment.
Atopic Dermatitis: A Case Report of a 3-Year-Old Food Allergy Child Sensitive to Multiple Allergens
Authors: Wang Meiyi , Liang Xueqing , Sun Baoqing , Huang Huimin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: It was estimated that about 10% of the population suffer from food allergy. Atopic dermatitis is often associated with food allergy. In this case report, we presented a child with atopic dermatitis who was sensitive to multiple food and inhaled allergens. Case report: A 3-year-old boy was admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University due to skin allergy caused by drinking semi-hydrolyzed infant formula milk powder. Allergen test results showed that the boy was sensitive to multiple food and inhaled allergens. we conducted the follow-up interview by phone to completed the questionnaire. Conclusion: Atopic dermatitis children with multiple food allergies must pay attention to diet adjustment to prevent or delay the development of the disease.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis Provides Insight into the Key Proteins as Potential Targets Involved in Malachite Green Inhibiting Reproduction of&nbsp;Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis
Authors: Qu Shenye , Song Chenguang , Tan Xiaoping , Wang Gaoxue , Ling Fei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Target identification is important for drug discovery. Unfortunately, no drug targets have been found in I. multifiliis until now and further limited development of the novel drug for Ichthyophthiriasis. Methods: In this study, an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis was used to find the target of malachite green (MG), exhibiting greater efficacy than the existing drugs, against I. multifiliis trophonts in situ. We also verified the proteomic results by RT-qPCR, TEM, cell apoptosis assay.Results: Our results showed that major variations in protein abundance were found among many of the ribosome proteins, indicating ribosome might be a candidate target. Furthermore, GO and KEGG pathway analyses of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) revealed that ribosome and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were remarkably enriched. Taken together, the above DEPs were also verified by RT-qPCR and morphological observations. Conclusions: This study provides insights into the key proteins enriched in PI3K-Akt signal pathway and ribosome pathway as potential targets of MG inhibiting reproduction of I. multifiliis, which could be serve as targets for other less toxic drugs and be tested as potential treatments for I. multifiliis.
Long-term Inflammatory Stimulation Caused by Trauma May Lead to Jejunum Intestinal Stromal Tumor: A Case Report
Authors: Zhou Jun-min , Li Cheng-fang , Wen Kun-ming 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common stromal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract and it is considered to be an aggressive tumor with potentially malignant tendency. GIST is a tumor derived from mesenchymal tissue of the gastrointestinal tract or rarely of intraperitoneal soft tissue. Stem cajal cells from the muscular layer of the digestive tract are the precursor cells of GIST, which are pacemaker cells that cause the intestinal peristalsis and contract. The etiology of GIST is mainly caused by mutations in the KIT or PDGFRA oncogene. Although some papers reported that inflammation can cause tumor formation, it has not been reported that inflammation can cause GIST formation.Case presentation: A 64-year-old male patient was evaluated for recurrent dull pain and discomfort in the left upper abdomen. He had a history of abdominal trauma approximately six years prior. During this period, abdominal pain and fever were intermittent recurrent attacked. Intraoperative jejunum tumors were found to have inflammatory packages. Postoperative pathological examinations showed that the tumor envelope was intact and a large amount of inflammatory cells were seen around the tumor cells. Histopathology of the resected masses was positive for CD117 and Dog-1, and the patient was diagnosed as jejunum GIST.Conclusion: We reported a case of gastrointestinal stromal tumor that may be caused by repeated stimulation of chronic inflammation that caused by trauma. Early detection and timely removal of the inducement of repeated chronic inflammation can effectively prevent the occurrence of GIST.
Anxiety and Depression During COVID-19 Pandemic Among Medical Students in Nepal
Authors: Risal Ajay , Shikhrakar Shreeja , Mishra Sachin , Kunwar Dipak , Karki Eliza , Shrestha Barsha , Khadka Shubekshya , Holen Are 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Medical students’ psychological response to societal lockdown during the covid-19 pandemic has not been studied much. Our aim was to assess levels of anxiety and depression among medical students during the initial stages of the pandemic in Nepal and relate their distress to psychosocial and other relevant situational variables.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with an online questionnaire was conducted among medical students at different colleges in Nepal. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) detected manifestations of anxiety and depression. The covariates were explored by logistic regression analyses.Results: A total 416 medical students [mean age: 22.2 (2.1); males 57.7%, females 42.3%] participated. HADS-anxiety scores [mean: 7.1(4.3)] were significantly and positively correlated with HADS-depression [mean: 5.9 (4.1)] (r=0.695; p<0.001). Point prevalence of total HADS caseness (HADS-T) was 26.7%. Specific HADS-defined caseness were: anxiety (HADS-A) 11.8%, depression (HADS-D) 5.5%, and comorbid anxiety and depression (HADS-cAD) 9.4%. All four types of caseness were significantly more prevalent among students with a history of mental problems (AOR=4.7, 3.2, 2.6, and 3.2 respectively). HADS-T was higher among those with a concurrent physical illness (AOR=2.4). HADS-T, HADS-A and HADS-D scores were higher among the age group >22 years (AOR= 2.2, 2.5 and 4.4 respectively). HADS-cAD was almost three-times higher among those with a possible COVID-19 exposure (AOR=2.8).Conclusion: A significant number of medical students in Nepal suffered from high levels of anxiety and depression during the covid-19 shut-down. The students in the higher (>22 years) age group, those with past mental disorders, a possible covid-19 exposure, and a concurrent physical illness showed elevated levels of anxiety and/or depression.
Identification of a Prognostic Gene Signature&nbsp;Associated with Microenvironment in&nbsp;Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Chen Zhixiang , Ye Luya , Wang Xuechun , Tu Fuquan , Li Xuezhen , Wang Shao-Yuan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common hematologic malignancy with poor prognosis. Accumulating reports have indicated that the tumor microenvironment (TME) performs a critical role in the progress of the disease and the clinical outcomes of patients. To date, the role of TME in AML remains clouded due to the complex regulatory mechanisms in it. In this study, We identified key prognostic genes relate to TME in AML and developed a novel gene signature for individualized prognosis assessment. Methods: The expression profiles of AML samples with clinical information were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The ESTIMATE algorithm was applied to calculate the TME relevant immune and stromal scores. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected based on the immune and stromal scores. Then, the survival analysis was applied to select prognostic DEGs, and these genes were annotated by functional enrichment analysis. A TME relevant gene signature with predictive capability was constructed by a series of regression analyses and performed well in another cohort from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Moreover, we also developed a nomogram with the integration of the gene signature and clinical indicators to establish an individually quantified risk-scoring system. Results: In the AML microenvironment, a total of 181 DEGs with prognostic value were clarified. Then a seven-gene ( IL1R2, MX1, S100A4, GNGT2, ZSCAN23, PLXNB1 and DPY19L2 ) signature with robust prediction was identified, and was validated by an independent cohort of AML samples from the GSE71014. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of genes in the gene signature revealed these genes mainly enriched in the immune and inflammatory related processes. The correlation between the signature-calculated risk scores and the clinical features indicated that patients with high risk scores were accompanied by adverse survival. Finally, a nomogram with clinical utility was constructed. Conclusion: Our study explored and identified a novel TME relevant seven-gene signature, which could serve as a prognostic indicator for AML. Meanwhile, we also establish a nomogram with clinical significance. These findings might provide new insights into the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of AML.
COVID-19 Metabolomic Profile: A Link Between Lung Dysfunction Markers and Altered Amino Acid Metabolism
Authors: Páez-Franco José C. , Torres-Ruíz José J. , Sosa-Hernandez Víctor A. , Cervantes-Díaz Rodrigo , Romero-Ramírez Sandra , Pérez-Fragoso Alfredo , Meza-Sánchez David E. , Germán-Acacio Juan Manuel , Maravillas-Montero José L. , Mejía-Domínguez Nancy R. , Ponce-de-León Alfredo , Ulloa-Aguirre Alfredo , Gómez-Martín Diana , Llorente Luis 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We identified the main changes in serum metabolites associated with severe (n=46) and mild (n=19) COVID-19 patients by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The modified metabolic profiles were associated to an altered amino acid catabolism in hypoxic conditions. Noteworthy, three 𝛼-hydroxyl acids of amino acid origin increased with disease severity and correlated with altered oxygen saturation levels and clinical markers of lung damage. We hypothesize that the enzymatic conversion of 𝛼-keto-acids to 𝛼- hydroxyl-acids helps to maintain NAD recycling in patients with altered oxygen levels, highlighting the potential relevance of amino acid supplementation during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Endodontic Management of Rarest case report of Vertucci’s Type II Root Canal Configuration in Single-Rooted Mandibular Second Molar.
Authors: Kumar  Pathak Vivek , Saena Tarun , SINGH . KAUSHAL , SINGH ASTHA 
Published: October 2020

Human being has varieties of facial configuration as similar to that of human dentition. Teeth present in the oral cavity having different types of characteristics with in respect to their external and internal anatomical and morphological configurations. This variability of root canal morphology affects the diagnosis, root canal treatment success rate and prognosis that have been always a challenge for a clinician. Before starting an endodontic therapy, the dental professional should have a sound knowledge about root canal configuration. Vertucci’s type II root canal configuration in single-rooted mandibular second molar is the rarest case. The aim of this case series is to present the management of case of mandibular second molars with the rarest combination of single root and Vertucci’s type II canal configuration.