bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional Interaction of Hippocampal Ripples and Cortical Slow Waves Leads to Coordinated Spiking Activity During NREM Sleep
Authors: Sanda Pavel , Malerba Paola , Jiang Xi , Krishnan Giri P , Gonzalez-Martinez Jorge , Halgren Eric , Bazhenov Maxim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe dialogue between cortex and hippocampus is known to be crucial for sleep-dependent memory consolidation. During slow wave sleep, memory replay depends on slow oscillation (SO) and spindles in the (neo)cortex and sharp wave-ripples (SWRs) in the hippocampus. The mechanisms underlying interaction of these rhythms are poorly understood. We examined the interaction between cortical SO and hippocampal SWRs in a model of the hippocampo–cortico–thalamic network and compared the results with human intracranial recordings during sleep. We observed that ripple occurrence peaked following the onset of an Up-state of SO and that cortical input to hippocampus was crucial to maintain this relationship. A small fraction of ripples occurred during the Down-state and controlled initiation of the next Up-state. We observed that the effect of ripple depends on its precise timing, which supports the idea that ripples occurring at different phases of SO might serve different functions, particularly in the context of encoding the new and reactivation of the old memories during memory consolidation. The study revealed complex bidirectional interaction of SWRs and SO in which early hippocampal ripples influence transitions to Up-state, while cortical Up-states control occurrence of the later ripples, which in turn influence transition to Down-state.
Forest Matrix Fosters High Similarity in Bee Composition Occurring on Isolated Outcrops Within Amazon Biome
Authors: Maia Ulysses M , Pinto Carlos E , Miranda Leonardo S , Coelho Beatriz W T , Santos Junior José E , Raiol Rafael L , Imperatriz-Fonseca Vera L , Giannini Tereza C 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMost studies analyze fragmentation due to habitat loss caused by anthropogenic activities and few of them analyzed fragmentation on naturally fragmented areas. In the Eastern Amazon, it is possible to find areas naturally open and surrounded by pristine forest. Understanding how species respond to isolation in these areas is an important challenge for decision-making processes aiming conservation and restoration. Using standardized methods of bee collection (entomological nets, bait trap, pan trap, and nest trap), the objective of this study was to analyze the composition and diversity of bees occurring on six isolated outcrops located in two protected areas within Amazon biome. More specifically, we tested 1) if the dissimilarity in bee species composition is explained by the isolation of outcrops and 2) if bee richness, abundance, and Shannon diversity can be explained by the outcrop size. We found 118 species, with the Meliponini and Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) tribes representing the highest number of species. The similarity in species composition across all outcrops is high and is not explained by the isolation. In addition, the richness, abundance, and Shannon diversity are not explained by outcrop size. Forest does not seem to be a barrier to bee movement, and although most species probably nest in the forests, they use the highly diverse plants of the outcrops as a complementary food source.
Clinical significance of visceral pleural and lymphovascular invasion in surgically resected adenosquamous lung cancer
Authors: Wang Yanan , Qian Fangfei , Hu Minjuan , Chen Ya , Yang Zhengyu , Han Baohui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between visceral pleural invasion (VPI), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and other clinicopathological characteristics and their prognostic impact on surgically resected adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC).

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed 256 patients with radically resected ASC between January 2010 and December 2015. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those with VPI and those with LVI. The effects of VPI and LVI on disease-free survival and overall survival were evaluated, further stratified by tumour size and lymph node status.

RESULTS
Finally, 213 patients with ASC were enrolled in our study. VPI was correlated with tumour location (P &lt; 0.001), pT stage (P &lt; 0.001) and pN stage (P = 0.012). LVI was related to age (P = 0.005) and pN stage (P = 0.003). Both VPI and LVI were adverse prognostic factors for disease-free survival (P = 0.008, P = 0.028) and overall survival (P = 0.005, P = 0.009) using the Kaplan–Meier method. In multivariable analysis only, VPI was an independent risk factor for disease-free survival [hazard ratio (HR) 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42–0.87; false discovery rate, adjusted P = 0.020] and overall survival (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.42–0.86; false discovery rate, adjusted P = 0.017). When the prognostic value of VPI was stratified by tumour size and lymph node status, we observed that only patients with VPI in tumours ≤4 cm and patients with N0 status had a worse prognosis than those without visceral invasion (P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
VPI and LVI were poor prognostic factors in patients with ASC, but only VPI was an independent factor for survival, especially in patients with tumours ≤4 cm and pN0 status.
Loneliness in Later Life and Reaching Longevity: Findings From the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam
Authors: Brandts Lloyd , van Tilburg Theo G , Bosma Hans , Huisman Martijn , van den Brandt Piet A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
There is an increasing research interest in factors that characterize those who reach exceptionally old ages. Although loneliness is often associated with an increased risk for premature mortality, its relationship with reaching longevity is still unclear. We aimed to quantify the association between (social/emotional) loneliness and the likelihood of reaching the age of 90 years in men and women separately.

Methods
For these analyses, data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) were used. Loneliness, social loneliness, and emotional loneliness were assessed at baseline using the 11-item De Jong-Gierveld scale in 1992–1993 (at age 64–85 years). Follow-up for vital status information until the age of 90 years was 99.5% completed. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analyses with a fixed follow-up time were based on 1,032 men and 1,078 women to calculate risk ratios (RR) of reaching 90 years.

Results
No significant associations were observed between loneliness and reaching 90 years in both men (RR, 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70–1.14) and women (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.83–1.14). Social loneliness was significantly associated with a reduced chance of reaching 90 years in women (RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.67–0.99).

Discussion
The current analyses did not show support for the existence of a meaningful effect of loneliness on reaching longevity in both sexes. When investigating specific dimensions of loneliness, we observed that reporting social loneliness was associated with reaching 90 years in women. This indicates that, for women, a large and diverse personal network at an older age could increase the probability of reaching longevity. However, replication of our findings in other cohorts is needed.
Timescales of successful and failed subduction: insights from numerical modelling
Authors: Knight Ben S , Davies J Huw , Capitanio Fabio A 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARY
The relatively short duration of the early stages of subduction results in a poor geological record, limiting our understanding of this critical stage. Here, we utilize a 2-D numerical model of incipient subduction, that is the stage after a plate margin has formed with a slab tip that extends to a shallow depth and address the conditions under which subduction continues or fails. We assess energy budgets during the evolution from incipient subduction to either a failed or successful state, showing how the growth of potential energy and slab pull, is resisted by the viscous dissipation within the lithosphere and the mantle. The role of rheology is also investigated, as deformation mechanisms operating in the crust and mantle facilitate subduction. In all models, the onset of subduction is characterized by high lithospheric viscous dissipation and low convergence velocities, whilst successful subduction sees the mantle become the main area of viscous dissipation. In contrast, failed subduction is defined by the lithospheric viscous dissipation exceeding the lithospheric potential energy release rate and velocities tend towards zero. We show that development of a subduction zone depends on the convergence rate, required to overcome thermal diffusion and to localize deformation along the margin. The results propose a minimum convergence rate of ∼0.5 cm yr−1 is required to reach a successful state, with 100 km of convergence over 20 Myr, emphasizing the critical role of the incipient stage.
Aberrant Expression of Nodal and Paranodal Molecules in Neuropathy Associated With IgM Monoclonal Gammopathy With Anti-Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein Antibodies
Authors: Kawagashira Yuichi , Koike Haruki , Takahashi Mie , Ohyama Ken , Iijima Masahiro , Katsuno Masahisa , Niwa Jun-ichi , Doyu Manabu , Sobue Gen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
To clarify the pathogenesis of anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) antibody neuropathy associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathy (anti-MAG neuropathy), sural nerve biopsy specimens from 15 patients were investigated. Sodium channels, potassium channels, contactin-associated protein 1 (Caspr1), contactin 1, and neurofascin were evaluated by immunofluorescence in teased-fiber preparations. Immunoreactivity to the pan-sodium channel in both anti-MAG neuropathy patients and in normal controls was concentrated at the node of Ranvier unless there was demyelination, which was defined as the widening of the node of Ranvier. However, this immunoreactivity became weak or disappeared as demyelination progressed. In contrast, KCNQ2 immunostaining was nearly absent even in the absence of demyelination. The lengths of Caspr1, contactin 1, and pan-neurofascin immunostaining sites at the paranode were significantly increased compared with those of normal controls despite the absence of demyelination. The length of paranodal neurofascin staining correlated with the anti-MAG antibody titer, nerve conduction indices, the frequency of de/remyelination in teased-fiber preparations, and the frequency of widely spaced myelin (p &lt; 0.05, p &lt; 0.05, p &lt; 0.01, and &lt;0.05, respectively). These findings suggest that nodal and paranodal molecular alterations occur in early stages preceding the morphological changes associated with demyelination in anti-MAG neuropathy.
The Effect of Perioperative Adverse Events on Long-Term Patient-Reported Outcomes After Lumbar Spine Surgery
Authors: Ayling Oliver G S , Ailon Tamir , Street John T , Dea Nicolas , McIntosh Greg , Abraham Edward , Jacobs W Bradly , Soroceanu Alex , Johnson Michael G , Paquet Jerome , Rasoulinejad Parham , Phan Phillipe , Yee Albert , Christie Sean , Nataraj Andrew , Glennie R Andrew , Hall Hamilton , Manson Neil , Rampersaud Y Raja , Thomas Kenneth , Fisher Charles G 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Perioperative adverse events (AEs) lead to patient disappointment and greater costs. There is a paucity of data on how AEs affect long-term outcomes.

OBJECTIVE
To examine perioperative AEs and their impact on outcome after lumbar spine surgery.

METHODS
A total of 3556 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for lumbar degenerative disorders enrolled in the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network were analyzed. AEs were defined using the validated Spine AdVerse Events Severity system. Outcomes at 3, 12, and 24 mo postoperatively included the Owestry Disability Index (ODI), 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) Physical (PCS) and Mental (MCS) Component Summary scales, visual analog scale (VAS) leg and back, EuroQol-5D (EQ5D), and satisfaction.

RESULTS
AEs occurred in 767 (21.6%) patients, and 85 (2.4%) patients suffered major AEs. Patients with major AEs had worse ODI scores and did not reach minimum clinically important differences at 2 yr (no AE: 25.7 ± 19.2, major: 36.4 ± 19.1, P < .001). Major AEs were associated with worse ODI scores on multivariable linear regression (P = .011). PCS scores were lower after major AEs (43.8 ± 9.5, vs 37.7 ± 20.3, P = .002). On VAS leg and back and EQ5D, the 2-yr outcomes were significantly different between the major and no AE groups (<0.01), but these differences were small (VAS leg: 3.4 ± 3.0 vs 4.0 ± 3.3; VAS back: 3.5 ± 2.7 vs 4.5 ± 2.6; EQ5D: 0.75 ± 0.2 vs 0.64 ± 0.2). SF12 MCS scores were not different. Rates of satisfaction were lower after major AEs (no AE: 84.6%, major: 72.3%, P < .05).

CONCLUSION
Major AEs after lumbar spine surgery lead to worse functional outcomes and lower satisfaction. This highlights the need to implement strategies aimed at reducing AEs.
Expression and clinical significance of paired- related homeobox 1 and Smad2 in gastric cancer
Authors: Yang Zhong , Huang Wan-Xia , Wang Shang , Yao Ji-Bin , Da Mingxu 
Published: August 2020

Background
China has a high incidence rate and low survival rate of gastric cancer. Therefore, there is a great need to further identify novel oncogenes and clinically applicable molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Methods
Expressions of PRRX1, Smad2, epithelial phenotype marker E-cadherin, and interstitial phenotype vimentin protein in a sample of 64 gastric carcinoma and adjacent nontumorous tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Their relationship and correlations with clinicopathological features were analyzed.

Results
The positive rates of PRRX1, Smad2, E-cadherin, and vimentin protein in primary tumors were 60.94% (39/64), 59.38% (38/64), 34.38%(22/64), and 64.06% (41/64), respectively. A significant correlation was found among the expression of PRRX1, Smad2, E-cadherin, and vimentin (P < 0.05). Expression of the PRRX1, Smad2, and vimentin protein in gastric cancer tissue was correlated with Borrmann classification, lymph node-positive number, the degree of differentiation, depth of tumor invasion, and serum pepsinogen I (PGI) level (P < 0.05), but not with age, sex, serum carcinoembryonic antigen, serum CA199, or PGI/PGII (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
The positive rate of PRRX1 protein expression was positively correlated with the protein expression of Smad2 and vimentin, but negatively correlated with E-cadherin protein. PRRX1, Smad2, and vimentin proteins are associated with Borrmann type, lymph node positives, histologic grade, depth of tumor invasion, and serum PGI levels, all of which contribute to a poor prognosis for patients with gastric cancer.
Factors Associated With Voriconazole Concentration in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Kang Suyeon , Yee Jeong , Kim Jae Youn , Han Hye Won , Kang Sang Oh , Lee Kyung Eun , Gwak Hye Sun 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Serum concentrations of voriconazole are difficult to predict, especially in pediatric patients, because of its complex pharmacokinetic characteristics. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the concentration of voriconazole in pediatric patients.

Methods:
This cohort study was based on retrospective data collection and involved the administration of voriconazole to pediatric patients younger than 18 years, between January 2010 and August 2017. Electronic medical records of the patients were reviewed to collect demographic characteristics, voriconazole treatment regimen, and factors that could potentially influence voriconazole trough concentrations. A voriconazole trough serum concentration of less than 1.0 mcg/mL or greater than 5.5 mcg/mL was defined as outside the therapeutic range and was set as the outcome of this study.

Results:
Among the 114 patients enrolled, 61 patients were included in the analysis. Oral administration of a maintenance dose of voriconazole and C-reactive protein (CRP) level were significantly and independently associated with a low initial trough concentration of voriconazole (<1.0 mcg/mL). Alanine aminotransferase levels were a significant factor associated with a high initial trough concentration of voriconazole (>5.5 mcg/mL) after adjusting for sex, age, weight, and serum creatinine (odds ratio 5.42; 95% confidence interval 1.34–21.97).

Conclusions:
Considering the variability of voriconazole concentrations in pediatric patients, monitoring certain parameters and considering the route of administration could help determine the therapeutic range of voriconazole and subsequently avoid unwanted effects.
Day-to-Day Change in Pulsatility Index Describes Anterior Cerebral Circulation Disturbance and Functional Outcomes in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Jordan Jeremy D. , Reuter-Rice Karin E. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant source of morbidity and mortality in children. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound measures the cerebral arterial circulation allowing for the calculation of pulsatility indices (PIs) that provide an assessment of cerebral blood flow alterations. However, the use of PI in children with TBI is poorly understood and may be an important measure for the nursing care of children. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this article is to define day-to-day PI change and to describe its relationship to injury characteristics and functional outcomes in children with TBI. METHOD: We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective observational parent study of 40 children aged 2 months to 15 years with mild or moderate-severe TBI who had serial TCDs. Sequential TCD PI measurements of day-to-day change revealed several consistencies among the TBI severity groups. RESULTS: Day-to-day PI change was higher in children with a moderate-severe injury (40%) when compared with those with a mild injury (21%). Greater day-to-day PI change was seen in children whose Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended Pediatrics scores worsened (25%) compared with those who had an improved (19%) or unchanged (23%) scores. DISCUSSION: This study is the first to report day-to-day PI change in children with TBI and provides early insights into anterior cerebral artery circulation alterations of children with TBI. Although further research is needed, this study provides early evidence that TCD may be a valuable noninvasive neuromonitoring option in the management of children with TBI.
Occupational Health and Disease Knowledge and Practices of Family Physicians
Authors: Gök Ahmet Said , Yilmaz Tarik Eren , Kasim İsmail , Şencan İrfan , Özkara Adem 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
This study aims to evaluate the awareness and approaches of all family physicians from one province in Turkey regarding occupational diseases.

Methods:
This study is a cross-sectional, descriptive study. A questionnaire was applied to family physicians between November 2018 and February 2019. The questionnaire investigates family physicians’ knowledge, attitude, behavior, proficiency, and approaches to occupational diseases.

Results:
Three hundred twenty four family physicians participated in our study. 59.3% had received training on occupational diseases and only 22.9% of these physicians indicated that this training was adequate. Physicians identified “lack of occupational anamnesis” as the most common reason behind the underreporting of occupational diseases, and “difficulties in identifying occupational diseases” as the second.

Conclusions:
Family physicians believe that they inadequately evaluate occupational diseases and find the occupational disease-related training to be insufficient.
Relationship Between Burnout and Professional Behaviors and Beliefs Among US Nurses
Authors: Dyrbye Liselotte N. , West Colin P. , Leep Hunderfund Andrea , Johnson Pamela , Cipriano Pamela , Peterson Cheryl , Beatty Dale , Major-Elechi Brittny , Shanafelt Tait 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
To evaluate the relationship between burnout and professional behaviors and beliefs among US nurses.

Methods:
We used data from 2256 nurses who completed a survey that included the Maslach Burnout Inventory and items exploring their professional conduct (documented something they had not done so they could “close out” an encounter in the EHR or part of the assessment not completed, requested continuing education credit for an activity not attended) and beliefs about reporting impaired colleagues.

Results:
On multivariable analysis, burnout was independently associated with higher odds of reporting 1 or more unprofessional behaviors in the last year and not believing nurses have a duty to report impairment among colleagues due to substance use or mental health problems.

Conclusions:
Occupational burnout is associated with self-reported unprofessional behaviors and less favorable beliefs about reporting impaired colleagues among nurses.
Progress in Corrections Worker Health: The National Corrections Collaborative Utilizing a Total Worker Health® Strategy
Authors: El Ghaziri Mazen , Jaegers Lisa A. , Monteiro Carlos E. , Grubb Paula L. , Cherniack Martin G. 
Published: August 2020

Objective:To examine National Corrections Collaborative (NCC) activities, as an outreach initiative, to advance corrections workplace health and safety research, practice, and policy through a series of applied Research to Practice (r2p) meetings informed by the Total Worker Health®(Total Worker Health®is a registered trademark of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) (TWH) strategy.Methods:We mapped the coalescence of correctional worker health concerns, federal and national professional organization initiatives, and research activities that formed the NCC in 2014.Results:During the NCC's 5-years of TWH activities, attendance increased, partner composition expanded, and themes of concern evolved. Partners were motivated to participate and work together towards building evidence for health and safety r2p.Conclusions:A unified plea to the academic and federal research communities for assistance with better evaluation instruments, data linkages, and for adopting an integrated TWH approach to workforce health and wellbeing continue to drive NCC r2p activities.