bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demonstrating a reduced capacity for removal of fluid from cerebral white matter and hypoxia in areas of white matter hyperintensity associated with age and dementia
Authors: MacGregor Sharp Matthew , Saito Satoshi , Keable Abby , Gatherer Maureen , Aldea Roxana , Agarwal Nivedita , Simpson Julie E. , Wharton Stephen B. , Weller Roy O. , Carare Roxana O. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhite matter hyperintensities (WMH) occur in association with dementia but the aetiology is unclear. Here we test the hypothesis that there is a combination of impaired elimination of interstitial fluid from the white matter together with a degree of hypoxia in WMH. One of the mechanisms for the elimination of amyloid-β (Aβ) from the brain is along the basement membranes in the walls of capillaries and arteries (Intramural Peri-Arterial Drainage – IPAD). We compared the dynamics of IPAD in the grey matter of the hippocampus and in the white matter of the corpus callosum in 10 week old C57/B16 mice by injecting soluble Aβ as a tracer. The dynamics of IPAD in the white matter were significantly slower compared with the grey matter and this was associated with a lower density of capillaries in the white matter. Exposing cultures of smooth muscle cells to hypercapnia as a model of cerebral hypoperfusion resulted in a reduction in fibronectin and an increase in laminin in the extracellular matrix. Similar changes were detected in the white matter in human WMH suggesting that hypercapnia/hypoxia may play a role in WMH. Employing therapies to enhance both IPAD and blood flow in the white matter may reduce WMH in patients with dementia.
Electron microscopic and spectroscopic analysis of airborne ultrafine particles: its effects on the cell viability
Authors: Yang Jeong Bin , Yun Hyung Joong , Yeon Min Jeong , Jeoung Dooil , Jo Kyoung-nam , Jung Hyun Suk 
Published: August 2020

AbstractParticulate matter (PM) is one of the most common air pollution sources causing various health-related conditions like cardiovascular diseases. However, among the three major PM types, UFPs have not yet been independently studied for their toxic effects on human health. In this study, we collected airborne dusts from Chuncheon-si, Republic of Korea, and analyzed it to understand the structural and chemical features of UFPs by using transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The TEM result showed UFP size to be within 100 nm, with some even appearing about 10 nm in size, while the X-ray spectroscopic studies implied the presence of sulfur to be a part of the UFPs chemical composition. We extended our study by carrying out in vitro cell analysis to understand the cellular response upon UFPs treatment. Our results serve as an analytical platform providing the preliminary information about the structural and compositional aspects of UFPs that can be attributed to further understanding of sulfur-induced human diseases.
Aqueous enzymatic protein and lipid release from the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Soto-Sierra Laura , Wilken Lisa R. , Dixon Chelsea K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdvances in biochemical and molecular manipulation have led to increased biomass productivity and oil accumulation in the microalgae C. reinhardtii. However, scalable processes for the recovery of oil and other valuable biomolecules, such as protein, from C. reinhardtii are scarce. The use of aqueous enzymatic extraction, a non-solvent and environmentally friendly bioproduct recovery method, provides an opportunity to design an integrated process for oil and protein fractionation to reduce bioenergy and bioproducts costs. Based on the mechanistic understanding of biomolecule distribution and compartmentalization, an aqueous enzymatic treatment for the release of internally stored lipid bodies was designed. Application of a C. reinhardtii-produced protease, autolysin, for lysis of the microalgae cell wall was followed by a secondary treatment with trypsin for chloroplast disruption and lipid body release. Protein recovery after the primary treatment with autolysin indicated a 50.1 ± 4.2% release of total soluble protein and localization of lipid bodies still in the chloroplast. The development of a secondary enzyme treatment (trypsin) for chloroplast and lipid body lysis demonstrated a high percent of remaining lipids (73 ± 7%) released into the supernatant. The results indicate that the application of an enzymatic treatment scheme for protein and oil recovery is a promising alternative to traditional extraction processes.
Seismic analysis of slope considering log-spiral failure surface with numerical validation
Authors: Hazari Suman , Ghosh Sima , Sharma Richi Prasad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the solution of c-φ soil slope stability problem using the pseudo-dynamic method assuming the log-spiral failure mechanism. The vertical slice analysis methodology is introduced to analyze the stability of the slope under vertical and horizontal seismic loads. The adopted pseudo-dynamic method in the present analysis considers the effect of phase difference and primary and shear wave velocity which travel through the soil medium during an earthquake. Considering the limit equilibrium method, the moment equilibrium condition for each slice was established and a factor of safety of the slope is evaluated. Results are presented in a tabular and graphical form to understand the effect of different parameters of slope soil. Comparisons of the present analysis are highlighted with the existing solutions. A numerical solution is also done by PLAXIS 2D to compare the present study under earthquake loading conditions.
Repeat hepatectomy for liver metastases from bile duct neuroendocrine tumor: a case report
Authors: Miyashita Mamiko , Ono Yoshihiro , Takamatsu Manabu , Inoue Yosuke , Sato Takafumi , Ito Hiromichi , Takahashi Yu , Saiura Akio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrimary neuroendocrine tumor (NET) originating from the extrahepatic bile duct is rare, although liver metastasis from gastroenteropancreatic NET is frequently observed. We herein report a case who successfully underwent repeat hepatectomy for liver metastases from bile duct NET grade 2 (G2).Case presentationA 75-year-old man presented with jaundice and was suspected of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). He underwent extended left hepatectomy, extrahepatic bile duct resection, and hepaticojejunostomy. Pathological findings showed a NET G2 of the biliary tract arising from the common bile duct. Two years and 11 months after surgery, a liver metastasis was detected and hepatectomy was performed. During the surgery, another liver metastasis was detected, and limited liver resection for the two lesions was performed. Pathological findings showed four liver metastases of NET G2. Five years and 4 months after the first surgery (2 years and 5 months after the second hepatectomy), four liver metastases were detected. Thereafter, he received somatostatin analogues for 1 year. Although the size of tumors increased slightly, the number did not change. He underwent limited liver resections and was diagnosed with 7 liver metastases of NET G2. Finally, another hepatectomy (fourth hepatectomy) was performed and long-term survival without recurrence was obtained for as long as 8 years after the first surgery.ConclusionsRepeat hepatectomy is a good option to obtain long-term survival for liver metastases from bile duct NET G2 in select patients.
Healthcare utilization and hospital variation in cardiac surveillance during breast cancer treatment: a nationwide prospective study in 5000 Dutch breast cancer patients
Authors: Koop Yvonne , El Messaoudi Saloua , Vermeulen Hester , Maas Angela H. E. M. , Atsma Femke 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Various breast cancer (BC) treatments, such as chemotherapy and targeted therapies, increase cardiotoxicity-risk and lead to premature ischemic heart disease and heart failure among survivors. Reducing this adverse risk through early recognition and (preventive) treatment is therefore important. Conversely, we feel that screening for cardiotoxicity is currently insufficiently standardized in daily practice. A fundamental first step in identifying areas of improvement is providing an overview of current practice.

Objective
This study aims to describe current cardiac surveillance for women with BC during and after cardiotoxic cancer treatment, using routinely collected hospital data in the Netherlands. The study also describes hospital variation in cardiac surveillance.

Methods
This observational study was performed on claims data provided by Statistics Netherlands. From the data, newly diagnosed BC patients in 2013 (N = 16,040) were selected and followed up until 2015. Healthcare utilization analyses were performed for all cardiac and oncologic healthcare activities but with a specific focus on cardiac surveillance healthcare activities. In addition, differences between types and individual hospitals were evaluated.

Results
Almost one third of all BC patients received high risk cardiotoxic treatments (N = 5157), but cardiac surveillance was rarely performed. Cardiac care provided to patients mainly consisted of ECGs (52.0%) and MUGA scans (26.5%). Cardiac MRI was performed in 0.7% of the patients, echocardiography in 17.7%, and measurement of Troponin and NT-proBNP in 5.1 and 5.8%, respectively. Moreover, we observed a substantial variation in cardiac surveillance between different hospital types and between individual hospitals.

Conclusion
This study shows that women treated for BC with cardiotoxic treatments do not receive recommended cardiac surveillance. Standardized approaches in clinical care are lacking, resulting in low rates of diagnostic testing and a substantial variation in surveillance between hospitals. A structured approach and increased interprofessional collaboration could lead to tailored cardiac surveillance for early detection of cardiotoxicity and therefore start of treatment.
Past and projected growth of Australia’s older migrant populations
Authors: Wilson Tom , McDonald Peter , Temple Jeromey , Brijnath Bianca , Utomo Ariane 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn recent years, Australia’s older population (aged 65 and over) has been growing rapidly, accompanied by a shift in its country of birth composition. Although a great deal of research has been undertaken on past and current aspects of Australia’s migrant groups, little attention has been paid to future demographic trends in older populations. The aim of this paper is to examine recent and possible future demographic trends of Australia’s migrant populations at the older ages. We present population estimates by country and broad global region of birth from 1996 to 2016, and then new birthplace-specific population projections for the 2016 to 2056 period. Our findings show that substantial growth of the 65+ population will occur in the coming decades, and that the overseas-born will shift from a Europe-born dominance to an Asia-born dominance. Cohort flow (the effect of varying sizes of cohorts moving into the 65+ age group over time) will be the main driver of growth for most older birthplace populations. The shifting demography of Australia’s older population signals many policy, planning, service delivery and funding challenges for government and private sector providers. We discuss those related to aged care, health care, language services, the aged care workforce, regulatory frameworks and future research needs in demography and gerontology.
Spatial ability contributes to memory for delayed intentions
Authors: Kubik Veit , Del Missier Fabio , Mäntylä Timo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMost everyday activities involve delayed intentions referring to different event structures and timelines. Yet, past research has mostly considered prospective memory (PM) as a dual-task phenomenon in which the primary task to fulfill PM intentions is realized within an ongoing secondary task. We hypothesized that these simplified simulations of PM may have obscured the role of spatial relational processing that is functional to represent and meet the increased temporal demands in more complex PM scenarios involving multiple timelines. To test this spatiotemporal hypothesis, participants monitored four digital clocks, with PM deadlines referring either to the same clock (single-context condition) or different clocks (multiple-context condition), along with separate tests of spatial ability (mental rotation task) and executive functioning (working memory updating). We found that performance in the mental rotation task incrementally explained PM performance in the multiple-context, but not in the single-context, condition, even after controlling for individual differences in working memory updating and ongoing task performance. These findings suggest that delayed intentions occurring in multiple ongoing task contexts reflect independent contributions of working memory updating and mental rotation and that spatial relational processing may specifically be involved in higher cognitive functions, such as complex PM in multiple contexts or multitasking.
Continuous paravertebral block by intraoperative direct access versus systemic analgesia for postthoracotomy pain relief
Authors: Deebis Ahmed , Elattar Hala , Saber Osama , Elfakharany Kareem , Elnahal Nezar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSystemic analgesia with paracetamol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs plus opioids as a rescue medication had reported to be better than that depend mainly on opioids for postoperative pain relief. Thoracic paravertebral block reported to provide a comparable postthoracotomy pain relief to epidural analgesia, with fewer side effects due to its unilateral effect. Thoracic paravertebral catheter can be inserted intraoperatively under direct vision during thoracic surgery (Sabanathan’s technique). This prospective randomized study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this technique with continuous infusion of lidocaine compared to systemic analgesia for postthoracotomy pain relief.ResultsSixty-three patients were randomized to receive a continuous infusion of lidocaine in the paravertebral catheter for 3 postoperative days (thoracic paravertebral group,n= 32) or systemic analgesia (systemic analgesia group,n= 31). All patients underwent standard posterolateral thoracotomy. There were no significant differences between both groups in age, sex, side, type, and duration of operation. Pain scores measured on visual analogue scale and morphine consumption were significantly lower in thoracic paravertebral group in all postoperative days. Spirometric pulmonary functions were not reaching the preoperative values in the third postoperative day in both groups, but restorations of pulmonary functions were superior in paravertebral group. No complications could be attributed to the paravertebral catheter. Side effects, mainly nausea and vomiting followed by urinary retention, were significantly more in systemic analgesia group (P= 0.03). Also, pulmonary complications were more in systemic analgesia group but not reaching statistical significance (P= 0.14).ConclusionContinuous paravertebral block by direct access to the paravertebral space using a catheter inserted by the surgeon is a simple technique, with low risk of complications, provides effective pain relief with fewer side effects, and reduces the early loss of postoperative pulmonary functions when compared to systemic analgesia.
Sex Hormones and Incident Heart Failure in Men and Postmenopausal Women: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Zhao Di , Guallar Eliseo , Ballantyne Christie M , Post Wendy S , Ouyang Pamela , Vaidya Dhananjay , Jia Xiaoming , Ying Wendy , Subramanya Vinita , Ndumele Chiadi E , Hoogeveen Ron C , Michos Erin D 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Context
Sex differences exist in heart failure (HF) phenotypes, but there is limited research on the role of sex hormones in HF and its subtypes.

Objective
To examine the associations of total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with incident HF, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Design
Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (prospective cohort study). Median follow-up is 19.2 years.

Setting
General community.

Participants
4107 men and 4839 postmenopausal women, with mean age of 63.2 (standard deviation [SD] 5.7) and 62.8 (5.5) years, respectively.

Exposure
Plasma sex hormone levels were measured at visit 4 (1996-1998).

Main Outcome Measures
Incident HF events were identified through hospital discharge codes and death certificates.

Results
The Hazard Ratios for HF associated with 1 SD decrease in log-transformed total testosterone, DHEA-S, and SHBG were 1.10 (95% confidence interval 1.03, 1.17), 1.07 (1.00, 1.15), and 1.04 (0.96, 1.11) in men, and 1.05 (0.99, 1.13), 1.17 (1.09, 1.24), and 0.93 (0.85, 1.01) in women, respectively. The associations between sex hormones with subtypes of HF had similar patterns but were attenuated and became statistically insignificant.

Conclusion
In this prospective cohort, lower levels of endogenous testosterone and DHEA-S in men and DHEA-S in postmenopausal women were associated with the development of HF. Similar directions of association in both sexes and both HF subtypes suggest that sex hormones play a role in the development of HF through common pathways regardless of sex.
Regioselective Hydrosilylation of Olefins Catalyzed by Co-Iminobipyridine Complexes: The Role of Cyclohexyl Substituent on the Imino Nitrogen
Authors: Taguchi Daisuke , Kobayashi Katsuaki , Moriuchi Toshiyuki , Nakazawa Hiroshi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Regioselective hydrosilylation of aliphatic olefins catalyzed by Co-iminobipyridine complexes, Co〈R〉, were investigated, where R indicates a substituent on the imino nitrogen in an iminobipyridine ligand (iminobypyridine = [2,2′-bpy]-6-C(Me)=N-R). Syntheses of two complexes, Co〈Mes〉 (Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) and Co〈Cy〉 (Cy = cyclohexyl), and comparison of their catalytic activity for hydrosilylation of 1-octene with diphenylsilane revealed that the reaction system using Co〈Mes〉 produced a mixture of anti-Markovnikov and Markovnikov hydrosilylation products, whereas that using Co〈Cy〉 produced the anti-Markovnikov product selectively. Crystal structures of these complexes implied that a catalytically active species derived from Co〈Cy〉 has narrower active space for hydrosilylation than that from Co〈Mes〉. According to the Chalk-Harrod mechanism, there are two types of hydrosilylated products (anti-Markovnikov and Markovnikov products), which stem from the way of terminal olefin insertion into an M-H bond (that is 1,2- or 2,1-insertion). One of the intermediates derived from Co〈Cy〉 in the Chalk-Harrod mechanism has hydride and silyl ligands. In the step of olefin insertion into the Co-H bond, 1,2-insertion is more likely to occur from the steric point of view, leading to selective formation of the anti-Markovnikov product.
Tratamento nutricional na doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica: aspectos relevantes na composição de macronutrientes
Authors: Vieira Karina Amante , Rieger Débora Kurrle , Daltoé Felipe Perozzo 
Published: August 2020

Introdução: A doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) é a condição na qual há acúmulo excessivo de gordura no tecido hepático, não causada pelo consumo excessivo de etanol. A etiologia desse acúmulo é multifatorial, mas parece ocorrer por mecanismos que envolvem a síntese excessiva de lipídios e/ou a redução da excreção dos mesmos em indivíduos geneticamente predispostos. Objetivo: este artigo tem como objetivo descrever os principais mecanismos de desenvolvimento da DHGNA, assim como sua prevenção e tratamento com foco nutricional. Metodologia: revisão de literatura. Resultados: de maneira geral, apesar de ser uma doença que envolve o acúmulo de gorduras no fígado, ela parece não estar relacionada ao consumo excessivo de gorduras em si, mas ao sobrepeso causado pelo sedentarismo e ao balanço calórico positivo. Conclusão: o principal tratamento da DHGNA envolve, portanto, perda de peso, objetivando redução lenta e gradual de cerca de 10% do peso corporal, a qual deve ser feita por readequação da dieta e prática de atividades físicas. Nesse sentido, também foram descritos e comparados estudos com dietas hipercalóricas, normocalóricas, hipocalóricas, low carb/high fat, low fat/high carb, dieta mediterrânea, entre outras, visando à melhor estratégia para a regressão da doença e melhora da qualidade de vida do paciente.
Of other spaces: ‘Punk art’ and its wider contexts
Authors: Binns Rebecca 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article explores the connection between punk culture and artistic expression, drawing on a series of interviews with contemporary artists and designers who reflect the notion of ‘punk art’ and featuring their work to show how this continues to thrive in an independent context through music graphics, fanzines, comics, posters and flyers, professional work practices, such as tattoo design, and the art world. It outlines the prominent, established names in punk art and design before looking beyond it to a selection of people whose lived experience of punk is reflected in their work. This article draws out what connection, if any, there is between punk politics, values and ideals and various forms of artistic expression, while issues of high vs. low, commercial vs. DIY and collaborative vs. individualistic forms of practice provide recurrent themes throughout.
Age at onset in multiple sclerosis as a possible predictor for cognitive impairment in children and adolescents
Authors: Bogdanova M. D. , Batysheva T. T. , Mikadze Yu. V. , Bembeeva R. Ts. , Volkova E. Yu. 
Published: August 2020

Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (MS) can lead to cognitive impairment (CI). In general, in early-onset MS, there are disturbances in cognitive processes, such as information processing speed, attention, and controlling functions. Also, unlike adults with MS, children show a failure in various spheres of speech activity. The age of onset in MS, its duration and recurrence rate can affect not only the accumulation of a stable neurological deficit, but also the state of the cognitive sphere.Objective: to study of the features of CI in children and adolescents with MS; to assess the relationship of CI to clinical characteristics, such as age at onset in the disease and its duration.Patients and methods. The study involved 45 pediatric and adolescent patients with an established diagnosis of MS, who underwent a general neuropsychological examination of the cognitive sphere (Luria’s tests) with transfer to a point system; in addition, psychometric techniques were used to assess attention, controlling functions, memory, verbal fluency, and various types of thinking. Clinical characteristics, such as age at onset in MS and its duration at the time of the examination, were also taken into account.Results and discussion. The leading factors that combine certain symptom complexes of CI in children and adolescents with MS were established. These factors include attention, controlling functions, auditory-verbal and visuospatial memories, various spheres of speech activity. Early-onset MS (at age of 5–8 years) was ascertained to have a greater impact on the formation of speech and controlling functions than adolescence- onset (at age of 13–16-years).Conclusion. The risk of cognitive deficit and subsequent disability was found to be highest in early-onset MS.