bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Functional Nucleotide Polymorphisms Up-regulating Transforming Growth Factor β1 Expression and Increased Tuberculosis Susceptibility
Authors: Zhang Su , Li Guobao , Bi Jing , Guo Qinglong , Fu Xiangdong , Wang Wenfei , Liu Shuyan , Xiao Guohui , Ou Min , Zhang Juanjuan , He Xing , Li Fang , Li Guanqiang , Feng Carl G , Chen Xinchun , Zhang Guoliang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrevious studies demonstrated that transforming growth factor (TGT) β1 plays an immunosuppressive role in clinical tuberculosis. However, the contribution of TGF-β1 gene polymorphisms to human tuberculosis susceptibility remains undetermined. In this study, we showed that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TGF-β1 gene were associated with increased susceptibility to tuberculosis in the discovery cohort (1533 case patients and 1445 controls) and the validation cohort (832 case patients and 1084 controls), and 2 SNPs located in the promoter region (rs2317130 and rs4803457) are in strong linkage disequilibrium. The SNP rs2317130 was associated with the severity of tuberculosis. Further investigation demonstrated that rs2317130 CC genotype is associated with higher TGF-β1 and interleukin 17A production. The mechanistic study showed that rs2317130 C allele affected TGF-β1 promoter activity by regulating binding activity to nuclear extracts. These findings provide insights into the pathogenic role of TGF-β1 in human tuberculosis and reveal a function for the TGF-β1 promoter SNPs in regulating immune responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
Safety and Immunogenicity of Heterologous and Homologous 2-Dose Regimens of Adenovirus Serotype 26– and Modified Vaccinia Ankara–Vectored Ebola Vaccines: A Randomized, Controlled Phase 1 Study
Authors: Goldstein Neil , Bockstal Viki , Bart Stephan , Luhn Kerstin , Robinson Cynthia , Gaddah Auguste , Callendret Benoit , Douoguih Macaya 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
This phase 1 placebo-controlled study assessed the safety and immunogenicity of 2-dose regimens of Ad26.ZEBOV (adenovirus serotype 26 [Ad26]) and MVA-BN-Filo (modified vaccinia Ankara [MVA]) vaccines with booster vaccination at day 360.

Methods
Healthy US adults (N = 164) randomized into 10 groups received saline placebo or standard or high doses of Ad26 or MVA in 2-dose regimens at 7-, 14-, 28-, or 56-day intervals; 8 groups received booster Ad26 or MVA vaccinations on day 360. Participants reported solicited and unsolicited reactogenicity; we measured immunoglobulin G binding, neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses to Ebola virus glycoprotein.

Results
All regimens were well tolerated with no serious vaccine-related adverse events. Heterologous (Ad26,MVA [dose 1, dose 2] or MVA,Ad26) and homologous (Ad26,Ad26) regimens induced humoral and cellular immune responses 21 days after dose 2; responses were higher after heterologous regimens. Booster vaccination elicited anamnestic responses in all participants.

Conclusions
Both heterologous and homologous Ad26,MVA Ebola vaccine regimens are well tolerated in healthy adults, regardless of interval or dose level. Heterologous 2-dose Ad26,MVA regimens containing an Ebola virus insert induce strong, durable humoral and cellular immune responses. Immunological memory was rapidly recalled by booster vaccination, suggesting that Ad26 booster doses could be considered for individuals at risk of Ebola infection, who previously received the 2-dose regimen.
Soybean meal allergenic protein degradation and gut health of piglets fed protease-supplemented diets
Authors: Park Sangwoo , Lee Jung Wook , Cowieson Aaron J , Pappenberger Guenter , Woyengo Tofuko Awori 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of protease supplementation on degradation of soybean meal (SBM) allergenic proteins (glycinin and β-conglycinin) and gut health of weaned pigs fed soybean meal-based diets. In experiment 1, 2 SBM samples from 2 different sources were subjected to porcine in vitro gastric degradation to determine the effects of protease (at 15,000 U/kg of feedstuff) on degradation of the soybean allergenic proteins. In experiment 2, 48 weaned pigs (body weight = 6.66 kg) were obtained in 2 batches of 24 pigs each. Pigs were individually housed in metabolic crates and fed 4 diets (12 pigs/diet). The diets were corn-based diet with SBM 1 or SBM 2 without or with protease at 15,000 U/kg of diet in 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Diets were fed for 10 d and pigs were sacrificed on day 10 for measurement of small intestinal histomorphology, permeability of small intestine mounted in Ussing chambers, and serum concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Two SBM sources (SBM 1 and SBM 2) contained 46.9% or 47.7% CP, 14.0% or 14.6% glycinin, and 9.90% or 10.3% β-conglycinin, respectively. Protease and SBM source did not interact on any of the response criteria measured in the current study. Protease supplementation tended to increase (P = 0.069) the in vitro gastric degradation of glycinin. Protease supplementation tended to reduce (P = 0.099) fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran 4,000 Da (which is a marker probe for intestinal permeability) flow in jejunum, and reduced (P = 0.037) serum TNF-α concentration. Protease did not affect small intestinal histomorphology. In conclusion, protease tended to increase gastric degradation of glycinin and reduce gut permeability, and serum concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, indicating that the protease used in the current study can be added to SBM-based diets for weanling pigs to improve gut health.
Spiraling toward a New Cold War in the North? The Effect of Mutual and Multifaceted Securitization
Authors: Wilhelmsen Julie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Building on a discourse-theoretical reading of securitization theory, this article theorizes and examines how two political entities can become locked in a negative spiral of identification that may lead to a violent confrontation. Through mutual and multifaceted securitization, each party increasingly construes the other as a threat to itself. When this representation spreads beyond the military domain to other dimensions (trade, culture, diplomacy), the other party is projected as “different” and “dangerous” at every encounter: positive mutual recognition is gradually blocked out. Military means then become the logical, legitimate way of relating: contact and collaboration in other issue-areas are precluded. Drawing on official statements 2014–2018, this article investigates how Norwegian–Russian relations shifted from being a collaborative partnership to one of enmity in the High North. The emerging and mutual pattern of representing the other as a threat across issue-areas since 2014 has become an “autonomous” driver of conflict—regardless of whether either party might originally have had offensive designs on the other.
Formation of satellites in circumplanetary discs generated by disc instability
Authors: Inderbitzi C , Szulágyi J , Cilibrasi M , Mayer L 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigated the formation and evolution of satellite systems in a cold, extended circumplanetary disc (CPD) around a 10MJupiter gas giant, which was formed by gravitational instability at 50 au from its star. The disc parameters were from a 3D global smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulation. We used a population synthesis approach, where we placed satellite embryos in this disc, and let them accrete mass, migrate, collide until the gaseous disc is dissipated. In each run, we changed the initial dust-to-gas ratio, dispersion- and refilling time-scales within reasonable limits, as well as the number of embryos and their starting locations. We found that most satellites have mass similar to the Galilean ones, but very few can reach a maximum of 3MEarth due to the massive CPD. Large moons are often form as far as 0.5Rdisc. The migration rate of satellites are fast, hence during the disc lifetime, an average of 10MEarth worth of moons will be engulfed by the planet, increasing greatly its metallicity. We also investigated the effect of the planet’s semimajor axis on the resulting satellite systems by rescaling our model. This test revealed that for the discs closer to the star, the formed moons are lighter, and a larger amount of satellites are lost into the planet due to the even faster migration. Finally, we checked the probability of detecting satellites like our population, which resulted in a low number of ≤ 3 per cent even with upcoming powerful telescopes like E-ELT.
Reionization inference from the CMB optical depth and E-mode polarization power spectra
Authors: Qin Yuxiang , Poulin Vivian , Mesinger Andrei , Greig Bradley , Murray Steven , Park Jaehong 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The Epoch of Reionization (EoR) depends on the complex astrophysics governing the birth and evolution of the first galaxies and structures in the intergalactic medium. EoR models rely on cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations, and in particular the large-scale E-mode polarization power spectra (EE PS), to help constrain their highly uncertain parameters. However, rather than directly forward-modelling the EE PS, most EoR models are constrained using a summary statistic – the Thompson scattering optical depth, τe. Compressing CMB observations to τe requires adopting a basis set for the EoR history. The common choice is the unphysical, redshift-symmetric hyperbolic tangent (tanh) function, which differs in shape from physical EoR models based on hierarchical structure formation. Combining public EoR and CMB codes, 21cmfast and class, here we quantify how inference using the τe summary statistic impacts the resulting constraints on galaxy properties and EoR histories. Using the last Planck 2018 data release, we show that the marginalized constraints on the EoR history are more sensitive to the choice of the basis set (tanh versus physical model) than to the CMB likelihood statistic (τe versus PS). For example, EoR histories implied by the growth of structure show a small tail of partial reionization extending to higher redshifts. However, biases in inference using τe are negligible for the Planck 2018 data. Using EoR constraints from high-redshift observations including the quasar dark fraction, galaxy UV luminosity functions, and CMB EE PS, our physical model recovers $\tau _\mathrm{ e} = 0.0569_{-0.0066}^{+0.0081}$.
Tracking the year-to-year variation in the spectral energy distribution of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 335
Authors: Tripathi S , McGrath K M , Gallo L C , Grupe D , Komossa S , Berton M , Kriss G , Longinotti A L 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Multiwavelength monitoring of Mrk 335 with Swift between 2007 and 2019 are used to construct annual spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and track year-to-year changes. Non-contemporaneous archival data prior to 2007 are used to build a bright state SED. In this work, the changes are examined and quantified to build the foundation for future SED modelling. The yearly SEDs trace a downward trend on the average, with the X-ray portion varying significantly and acquiring further lower values in the past two years when compared to the optical/UV portion of SED. The bolometric Eddington ratios derived using optical/UV to X-ray SEDs and the calculated X-ray luminosities show a gradual decrease over the monitoring period. Changes in the parameters over time are examined. Principal component analysis suggests that the primary variability is in the X-ray properties of Mrk 335. When looking at the broader picture of Mrk 335 and its behaviour, the X-rays, accounting most of the variability in the 13-yr data, are possibly driven by physical processes related to the corona or absorption whereas the modest optical–UV variations suggest their origin within the accretion disc. These results are consistent with the previous interpretation of Mrk 335 using the timing analyses on the monitoring data and spectral modelling of deep observations.
Probing the circumstellar medium 2.8 Gyr after the big bang: detection of Bowen fluorescence in the Sunburst arc
Authors: Vanzella E , Meneghetti M , Pastorello A , Calura F , Sani E , Cupani G , Caminha G B , Castellano M , Rosati P , D’Odorico V , Cristiani S , Grillo C , Mercurio A , Nonino M , Brammer G B , Hartman H 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We discovered Bowen emission arising from a strongly lensed (i.e. with magnification factor μ &gt; 20) source hosted in the Sunburst arc at z = 2.37. We claim this source is plausibly a transient stellar object and study the unique ultraviolet lines emerging from it. In particular, narrow (σv ≃ 40 km s−1) ionization lines of Fe fluoresce after being exposed to Ly α (1216 Å) radiation that pumps selectively their atomic levels. Data from VLT/MUSE, X-Shooter, and ESPRESSO observations (the latter placed at the focus of the four UTs) at increasing spectral resolution of R = 2500, 11 400, and 70 000, respectively, confirm such fluorescent lines are present since at least 3.3 yr (≃1 yr rest frame). Additional Fe forbidden lines have been detected, while C and Si doublets probe an electron density ne ≳ 106 cm−3. Similarities with the spectral features observed in the circumstellar Weigelt blobs of Eta Carinae probing the circumstellar dense gas condensations in radiation-rich conditions are observed. We discuss the physical origin of the transient event, which remains unclear. We expect such transient events (including also supernova or impostors) will be easily recognized with ELTs thanks to high angular resolution provided by adaptive optics and large collecting area, especially in modest (μ &lt; 3) magnification regime.
Complex Evolution of Light-Dependent Protochlorophyllide Oxidoreductases in Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophs: Origin, Phylogeny, and Function
Authors: Chernomor Olga , Peters Lena , Schneidewind Judith , Loeschcke Anita , Knieps-Grünhagen Esther , Schmitz Fabian , von Lieres Eric , Kutta Roger Jan , Svensson Vera , Jaeger Karl-Erich , Drepper Thomas , von Haeseler Arndt , Krauss Ulrich 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLight-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (LPOR) and dark-operative protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase are evolutionary and structurally distinct enzymes that are essential for the synthesis of (bacterio)chlorophyll, the primary pigment needed for both anoxygenic and oxygenic photosynthesis. In contrast to the long-held hypothesis that LPORs are only present in oxygenic phototrophs, we recently identified a functional LPOR in the aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium (AAPB) Dinoroseobacter shibae and attributed its presence to a single horizontal gene transfer event from cyanobacteria. Here, we provide evidence for the more widespread presence of genuine LPOR enzymes in AAPBs. An exhaustive bioinformatics search identified 36 putative LPORs outside of oxygenic phototrophic bacteria (cyanobacteria) with the majority being AAPBs. Using in vitro and in vivo assays, we show that the large majority of the tested AAPB enzymes are genuine LPORs. Solution structural analyses, performed for two of the AAPB LPORs, revealed a globally conserved structure when compared with a well-characterized cyanobacterial LPOR. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that LPORs were transferred not only from cyanobacteria but also subsequently between proteobacteria and from proteobacteria to Gemmatimonadetes. Our study thus provides another interesting example for the complex evolutionary processes that govern the evolution of bacteria, involving multiple horizontal gene transfer events that likely occurred at different time points and involved different donors.
Gender-Based Evaluations Of Integrity Failures Women Leaders Judged Worse
Authors: Thomas Benjamin J , Petrow Gregory A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Although research indicates that men and women enjoy similar electoral success, individual-level studies reveal subtle differences in how voters evaluate male and female candidates. Stereotype effects have received a great deal of scholarly attention, with mixed results. However, less studied have been the effects of gender-specific expectations resulting from broadly held social roles, as described by Social Role Theory, and how the moral role expectations of men and women may lead to different evaluative standards and consequences for female candidates (cf. male candidates). Our experiment tested how evaluations of male and female candidates for high-level political office vary as a result of the candidates’ integrity level. In a mixed factorial design, we tested the effects of multiple reports of a candidate’s integrity, to determine how candidate gender and integrity level operate together to affect evaluations of political candidates. As hypothesized, in the absence of actual information concerning a candidate’s character, participants believe female candidates possess greater integrity than their male counterparts. More interestingly, women face a greater evaluative penalty for instances of low integrity, but only when respondents are exposed to multiple reports of a political candidate’s poor integrity. Male candidates are not as severely penalized as female candidates for repeated integrity failings.
A comparison of sleep, depressive symptoms, and parental perceptions between U.S. and Taiwan adolescents with self-reported sleep problems
Authors: Yang Ya-Ting , Kaplan Katherine A , Zeitzer Jamie M 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStudy ObjectivesInadequate sleep is pervasive among teens worldwide, resulting in daytime sleepiness and, in some cases, depressive symptoms. In addition to their own behavioral choices, parent perceptions may also play a role in adolescent sleep. This study conducted a preliminary evaluation of the antecedents and consequences of sleep factors among adolescents in the United States and Taiwan.MethodsParticipants were adolescents with self-reported sleep concerns from academically similar schools in Taiwan (n = 548) and northern California, United States (n = 128). Questionnaires on sleep and mood were administered to both the teens and parents.ResultsWhile Taiwanese students’ self-reported sleep behavior was generally better than U.S. students (p &lt; .01), Taiwanese students had higher overall self-reported sleepiness (p &lt; .01). Furthermore, Taiwanese parents reported teen sleep durations of 6.53 ± .827 hours per night during the week (with 45% perceiving this as sufficient), while U.S. parents reported teen sleep durations of 7.22 ± .930 hours (with 27% perceiving this as sufficient). Adolescents in both cohorts had high levels of symptoms consistent with depression (Taiwan: 70%, United States: 62%), which was associated with shorter sleep times for both cohorts and evening chronotype in the Taiwanese, but not U.S., adolescents.ConclusionsSome differences exist between Taiwanese and U.S. adolescents, with generally better sleep and less sleepiness reported among students in the United States, and Taiwanese students’ sleep influenced more strongly by chronotype. Furthermore, Taiwanese parents reported less concern about their child’s insufficient sleep, despite the fact that inadequate sleep is strongly associated with depressive symptoms for both cohorts.
Involvement of a Novel TetR-Like Regulator (BdtR) of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens in the Efflux of Isoflavonoid Genistein
Authors: Han Fang , He Xueqian , Chen Wenwen , Gai Haoyu , Bai Xuemei , He Yongxing , Takeshima Keisuke , Ohwada Takuji , Wei Min , Xie Fang 
Published: September 2020

A wide variety of leguminous plant-released (iso)flavonoids, such as genistein, are potential inducers of the nodulation (nod) genes of endosymbiotic rhizobia for the production of Nod factors, which are vital signaling molecules for triggering the symbiotic process. However, these (iso)flavonoids are generally thought to be toxic to the bacterial partner to varying degrees. Here, a novel TetR-like regulator gene of the soybean symbiont Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110, bdtR (systematic designation blr7023), was characterized. It was found to be rapidly and preferentially induced by genistein, and its mutation resulted in significantly increased expression of the neighboring bll7019-bll7021 genes, encoding a multidrug resistance efflux pump system, in the absence of this isoflavonoid. Then, the transcriptional start site of BdtR was determined, and it was revealed that BdtR acted as a transcriptional repressor of the above efflux system through the binding of an AT-rich operator, which could be completely prevented by genistein. In addition, the ΔbdtR deletion mutant strain showed higher accumulation of extracellular genistein and became less susceptible to the isoflavonoid. In contrast, the inactivation of BdtR led to the significantly decreased induction of a nodulation gene (nodY) independent of the expression of nodD1 and nodW and to much weaker nodulation competitiveness. Taken together, the results show that BdtR plays an early sensing role in maintaining the intracellular homeostasis of genistein, helping to alleviate its toxic effect on this bacterium by negatively regulating neighboring genes encoding an efflux pump system while being essentially required for nodule occupancy competitiveness. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
The Prevalence of Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis in Hospitalized Patients in China
Authors: Wei Min , Yang Dongliang , Wu Ling , Chen Wenyue , Chen Yan , Fu Qiaomei 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence and characteristics of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) among hospitalized Chinese patients.

DATA SOURCES
Authors searched Chinese (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP Data, Chinese Biomedicine) and English (PubMed, Web of Science) electronic databases for articles published from 1987 through February 2019.

STUDY SELECTION
The preliminary search identified 558 studies. After removal of duplicates (n = 202), application of exclusion criteria, and screening titles and abstracts (n = 346), 10 studies met the inclusion criteria.

DATA EXTRACTION
A standardized form was constructed to extract data from eligible studies, and this information was extracted by two independent authors.

DATA SYNTHESIS
A pooled analysis of the 10 studies (total sample size, 40,039) showed the prevalence of IAD in hospitalized Chinese patients was 1.44% (95% confidence interval, 1.10%–1.79%). Subgroup analysis indicated no significant association between sex and IAD. Patients older than 90 years had the highest incidence of IAD (8.64%). The most common type was mild IAD (1.00%). Fecal incontinence (48.02%) led to more cases of IAD than urinary incontinence (11.35%) or both (25.78%). The most common types of IAD were perineal (0.92%) and perianal (0.90%).

CONCLUSIONS
Incontinence-associated dermatitis is a global health problem that requires more attention. Understanding the prevalence and characteristics of IAD is helpful in the formulation of IAD prevention and treatment programs in China.
Vasopressor-Refractory Shock From Clozapine Overdose Treated With Synthetic Angiotensin II Infusion
Authors: Wieruszewski Patrick M. , Nelson Sarah , Wittwer Erica D. , Leung Jonathan G. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic with potent alpha-adrenergic blocking properties when administered at high dosages, resulting in vasodilatory shock in overdose settings.

Case Summary:
A 39-year-old man presented with profound catecholamine- and vasopressin-refractory vasodilatory shock following massive clozapine ingestion. Angiotensin II was initiated when the patient was requiring 2.2 µg/kg/min norepinephrine equivalents of vasopressor support, resulting in a prompt increase in the perfusion pressure. All vasopressors were liberated within 18 hours of angiotensin II initiation, and the patient was discharged with no deficits.

Conclusions:
Synthetic angiotensin II may represent a therapeutic option for refractory hypotension resulting from high dosages of clozapine or other potent alpha-adrenergic blocking medications.