bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the effect of Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy on remission of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Borgeraas Heidi , Hofsø Dag , Hertel Jens Kristoffer , Hjelmesæth Jøran 
Published: March 2020

SummaryBariatric surgery is an effective treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. This study aims to compare the effects of Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on remission of T2DM. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for studies published between database inception and 21 November 2019. A meta‐analysis, using a random effects model, was performed to calculate relative risk (RR) of T2DM remission between the groups in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Of 2650 records identified, 12 records from 10 different RCTs were finally included. The studies comprised 705 patients with follow‐up from 1 to 5 years. The remission rate of T2DM at 1 year was higher among those undergoing RYGB (156/276, 57%) compared with those undergoing SG (128/275, 47%), RR (95% CI) 1.20 (1.00‐1.45), P = .047, I2 = 24.9%, moderate‐quality evidence. Among studies with 2‐ to 5‐year follow‐up, there was no difference in remission rates between the RYGB (132/263, 50%) and SG (121/266, 46%) groups, RR 1.06 (0.94‐1.20), P = .34, I2 = 0.0%, low‐quality evidence. RYGB resulted in a higher rate of T2DM remission compared with SG after 1 year. The T2DM remission rates did not differ in studies with 2‐ to 5‐year follow‐up.
Single Ilioinguinal Approach to Treat Complex Acetabular Fractures with Quadrilateral Plate Involvement: Outcomes Using a Novel Dynamic Anterior Plate–Screw System
Authors: Wu Haiyang , Shang Ranran , Cai Xianhua , Liu Ximing , Song Chengjing , Chen Yanzhao 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel fixation technique referred to as the dynamic anterior plate–screw system for quadrilateral plate (DAPSQ) for complex acetabular fractures with quadrilateral plate involvement through the single ilioinguinal approach.MethodsA total of 32 patients with acetabular fractures, selected between January 2009 and March 2016, were managed by DAPSQ with “quadrilateral screws” through single ilioinguinal approach. The primary outcomes measure was the reduction quality evaluated according to the Matta radiological criteria, and the functional outcomes were evaluated by the modified Merle d'Aubigné score at the last follow‐up. Secondary outcomes were postoperative complications and intraoperative conditions included, for instance, operation time and blood loss.ResultsOf these 32 consecutive patients, 19, 9, and 4 were classified as both columns, anterior column posterior hemi‐transverse, and T‐shaped fractures, respectively, and with an average of 47 months’ follow‐up. Anatomic reduction was obtained in 19 cases (59%), imperfect reduction in 9 cases (28%), and poor reduction in 4 cases (13%). The modified Merle d'Aubigné scores were excellent in 15 cases (47%), good in 13 cases (41%), fair in 2 cases (6%), and poor in 2 cases (6%). Three cases sustained temporary lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injuries. One patient had a superficial wound infection that resolved after debridement. Five patients had posttraumatic arthritis; one of them underwent total hip arthroplasty at 46 months. No cases had quadrilateral screws entering the hip joint.ConclusionThe use of DAPSQ with quadrilateral screws is an effective and safe choice for complex acetabular fractures with quadrilateral plate involvement through the single ilioinguinal approach.
Talking the talk, but not walking the walk: A comparison of self‐reported and observed prosocial behaviour
Authors: Awan Sahar , Esteve Marc , van Witteloostuijn Arjen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe claim that Public Service Motivation (PSM) is an antecedent of prosocial behaviour has often been empirically tested and supported. However, closer inspection of this literature reveals large disparities in relating the two constructs. One reason that could explain such differences is that the relationship between PSM and prosocial behaviours has been primarily tested using self‐reported cross‐sectional, single‐rater and same‐survey data. While all of these are widely used methodological approaches in social sciences, they are also susceptible to potential biases. We conduct two comparative studies to re‐examine this relationship. Study 1 utilizes self‐reported cross‐sectional, single‐rater and same‐survey data linking PSM and prosocial behaviour, revealing a positive relationship with PSM's Compassion dimension. Study 2 involves observing actual prosocial behaviour in a real‐life setting. Then, the correlation between PSM and prosocial behaviour disappears. We conclude by discussing the possible reasons that could lead to the differences found across the two studies.
PANOMICS meets germplasm
Authors: Weckwerth Wolfram , Ghatak Arindam , Bellaire Anke , Chaturvedi Palak , Varshney Rajeev K. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryGenotyping‐by‐sequencing has enabled approaches for genomic selection to improve yield, stress resistance and nutritional value. More and more resource studies are emerging providing 1000 and more genotypes and millions of SNPs for one species covering a hitherto inaccessible intraspecific genetic variation. The larger the databases are growing, the better statistical approaches for genomic selection will be available. However, there are clear limitations on the statistical but also on the biological part. Intraspecific genetic variation is able to explain a high proportion of the phenotypes, but a large part of phenotypic plasticity also stems from environmentally driven transcriptional, post‐transcriptional, translational, post‐translational, epigenetic and metabolic regulation. Moreover, regulation of the same gene can have different phenotypic outputs in different environments. Consequently, to explain and understand environment‐dependent phenotypic plasticity based on the available genotype variation we have to integrate the analysis of further molecular levels reflecting the complete information flow from the gene to metabolism to phenotype. Interestingly, metabolomics platforms are already more cost‐effective than NGS platforms and are decisive for the prediction of nutritional value or stress resistance. Here, we propose three fundamental pillars for future breeding strategies in the framework of Green Systems Biology: (i) combining genome selection with environment‐dependent PANOMICS analysis and deep learning to improve prediction accuracy for marker‐dependent trait performance; (ii) PANOMICS resolution at subtissue, cellular and subcellular level provides information about fundamental functions of selected markers; (iii) combining PANOMICS with genome editing and speed breeding tools to accelerate and enhance large‐scale functional validation of trait‐specific precision breeding.
Selecting a Scale for Spatial Confounding Adjustment
Authors: Keller Joshua P. , Szpiro Adam A. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryUnmeasured, spatially structured factors can confound associations between spatial environmental exposures and health outcomes. Adding flexible splines to a regression model is a simple approach for spatial confounding adjustment, but the spline degrees of freedom do not provide an easily interpretable spatial scale. We describe a method for quantifying the extent of spatial confounding adjustment in terms of the Euclidean distance at which variation is removed. We develop this approach for confounding adjustment with splines and using Fourier and wavelet filtering. We demonstrate differences in the spatial scales that these bases can represent and provide a comparison of methods for selecting the amount of confounding adjustment. We find the best performance for selecting the amount of adjustment by using an information criterion evaluated on an outcome model without exposure. We apply this method to spatial adjustment in an analysis of fine particulate matter and blood pressure in a cohort of US women.
Radiographic analysis of dental maturation in children with amelogenesis imperfecta: A case‐control study
Authors: Gabardo Giovana , Maciel José Vinícius Bolognesi , Franco Ademir , de Lima Antonio Adilson Soares , da Costa Thays Regina Ferreira , Fernandes Ângela 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsTo assess dental maturation in children with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) and compare their estimated dental age with the age of non‐AI children.Methods and resultsPanoramic radiographs of children with (n = 27) and without (n = 54) AI were retrospectively collected in the ratio of 1:2. The former consisted of case group, while the latter figured as control group. Both groups were paired by sex and age (P > .05). Dental maturation was assessed in each radiograph using Demirjian's staging technique and Willems’ method. Intra‐ and interexaminer reproducibility reached >0.8. The mean estimated dental age in subjects with AI was 12.5 ± 2.69 years, while in subjects without AI it was 11.73 ± 2.48 years (P = .21). The comparison of mean chronological (12.26 ± 2.6 years) and estimated dental age (12.5 ± 2.69 years) in subjects with AI did not reveal statistically significant differences (P = .38).ConclusionThis study highlights the similarity of dental maturation between subjects with and without AI from the radiographic perspective of crown‐root formation.
Black Women's experiences of sexual assault and disclosure: Insights from the margins
Authors: Slatton Brittany C. , Richard April L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBlack women experience higher rates of sexual assault or rape than their White counterparts and the U.S. Department of Justice finds only one Black woman out of 15 will report her rape. This article reviews the literature on the ways in which Black women's sexual assault disclosure experiences are framed by their unique social space at the margins of society due to systemic oppression based on race, gender, and class (Settles, Pratt‐Hyatt, and Buchanan). We situate this review around three major areas of marginalization: (a) the delegitimization of Black women as victims of rape, (b) the social construction of Black women as inordinately strong, and (c) the sanctioning of intraracial sexual assault disclosure. Despite a call for action by Angela Davis in 1985, Black women's unique and varied intersectional experiences around sexual assault and disclosure are understudied. We implore scholars to continue this important research and conclude this article with insights on future research and activism.
Evaluation of matrix effects and prolonged storage on Trypanosoma cruzi serology in blood donor specimens
Authors: Whitman Jeffrey D. , Townsend Rebecca L. , Bern Caryn , Stramer Susan L. 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUNDBlood products appropriately stored for research protocols provide an invaluable resource for amassing large numbers of specimens for clinical research, especially for low‐prevalence diseases, such as Chagas disease.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe evaluated serologic results of 500 blood donation plasma component (PC) specimens confirmed as Trypanosoma cruzi seropositive by Food and Drug Administration–recommended algorithms. Subsets were retested using the T. cruzi enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Ortho Clinical Diagnostics) and PRISM Chagas assay (Abbott Laboratories). Initial results for vacutainer‐derived venous serum (VS) and PC specimens with matching results were also compared.RESULTSOn initial testing, matrix effects between VS and PC were observed with ELISA demonstrating a mean change in the PC of −0.39 signal/cutoff ratio (S/CO) (p < 0.0001) and PRISM of +0.35 S/CO (p = 0.008). In matched PC specimens between current (retest) versus initial test results, both ELISA and PRISM had a decrease in mean S/COs of −0.76 (p < 0.0001) and − 0.90 (p < 0.0001), respectively. When the change in S/CO for matched PC specimens was analyzed as a function of time, PRISM showed no significant S/CO decrease (Y = −0.002941*X − 0.6250; p = 0.20; R2 = 0.005), whereas the ELISA showed a significant S/CO decrease in more recently collected specimens (Y = 0.007183*X‐1.516; p < 0.0001; R2 = 0.06).CONCLUSIONWhile T. cruzi serology results showed minor but significant differences in matrix effects between initial VS and PC testing values, and minor changes in PC test values over time, our data validate the use of PC specimens for head‐to‐head test performance comparison studies with the caveat that these limitations are assessed for appropriate study design.
Preliminary report of postoperative complications of phacoemulsification in Pugs: A multicenter retrospective study of 32 cases
Authors: Boss Christine , La Croix Noelle , Moore Phillip A. , Wilkie David A. , Maggio Federica , Wiggans Kenneth Tomo , Maggs David J. , Kaiser Kevin , Sapienza John S. , Kim Kay , Strauss Rachel , van der Woerdt Alexandra , Schmidt Gretchen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare complication rates and visual outcomes following phacoemulsification in Pugs versus dogs of other breeds.Animals studiedThirty‐two pure‐bred Pugs (55 eyes) and 32 dogs of other breeds (56 eyes) undergoing phacoemulsification.ProceduresMulti‐institutional retrospective medical record review of perioperative factors, postoperative complications, and visual outcomes. The reference population of dogs of varying breeds included surgical cases following each Pug case at the same institutions. Perioperative risk factors and postoperative complication rates were compared between the two populations.ResultsPigmentary keratitis and diabetes mellitus were the most common preoperative comorbidities, found in 75% (P < .001) and 72% (P = .12) of Pugs, respectively. No perioperative factors were significantly associated with postoperative complications in Pugs. Postoperative complication rates were similar between groups; however, the most common complication in Pugs was corneal ulceration (15% of operated eyes), whereas glaucoma was most common in the reference population (13% of operated eyes). Three months postoperatively, vision was preserved in 91% of eyes of Pugs (50/55) and 95% of the reference population (53/56). One year postoperatively, 80% (32/40) of Pug eyes and 82% (28/34) of eyes in the reference population remained sighted.ConclusionsComorbidities and complications of cataract surgery in Pugs of this study demonstrate a predisposition for corneal disease. This highlights the importance of preoperative evaluation of factors associated with PK and corneal clarity, and postoperative monitoring for corneal ulceration in this breed.
Assessment of tumor enhancement by contrast‐enhanced CT in solid tumor‐bearing dogs treated with toceranib phosphate
Authors: Takagi Satoshi , Yamazaki Hiroki , Izumi Yusuke , Hanazono Kiwamu , Hoshino Yuki , Hosoya Kenji 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn humans, contrast‐enhanced CT (CECT) has been used to indirectly assess the antiangiogenic effects demonstrated by a number of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This retrospective, cross‐sectional study aimed to quantitatively evaluate changes in tumor contrast‐enhancement (CE) using CECT in solid tumor‐bearing dogs treated with toceranib phosphate (TOC). The changes in tumor size and CE were measured using the Hounsfield unit (HU) scale in CECT images before TOC treatment and between 30 and 90 days after initiating the treatment. Among the 36 dogs treated with TOC, eight (22.2%) showed a partial response, 22 (61.1%) showed stable disease, and six (16.7%) showed progressive disease. Thirty (83.3%) of 36 dogs showed a decrease in tumor CE (median: −20%, range: −1% to −48%) after initiating the treatment. The results indicated that tumor CE and size changes were observed in tumor‐bearing dogs that were treated with TOC; however, tumor CE was not significantly correlated with tumor regression. We suggest that these results could serve as pilot data to evaluate the antiangiogenic effects associated with TOC.
Human cerebrovascular responses to diving are not related to facial cooling
Authors: AlSalahi Sultan E. , Braz Igor D. , Ahmed Amar , Junejo Rehan T. , Fisher James P. 
Published: March 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does facial cooling‐mediated stimulation of cutaneous trigeminal afferents associated with the diving response increase cerebral blood flow or are factors associated with breath‐holding (e.g. arterial carbon dioxide accumulation, pressor response) more important in humans?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Physiological factors associated with breath‐holding such as arterial carbon dioxide accumulation and the pressor response, but not facial cooling (trigeminal nerve stimulation), make the predominant contribution to diving response‐mediated increases in cerebral blood flow in humans.
AbstractDiving evokes a pattern of physiological responses purported to preserve oxygenated blood delivery to vital organs such as the brain. We sought to uncouple the effects of trigeminal nerve stimulation on cerebral blood flow (CBF) from other modifiers associated with the diving response, such as apnoea and changes in arterial carbon dioxide tension. Thirty‐seven young healthy individuals participated in separate trials of facial cooling (FC, 3 min) and cold pressor test (CPT, 3 min) under poikilocapnic (Protocol 1) and isocapnic conditions (Protocol 2), facial cooling while either performing a breath‐hold (FC +BH) or breathing spontaneously for a matched duration (FC −BH) (Protocol 3), and BH during facial cooling (BH +FC) or without facial cooling (BH −FC) (Protocol 4). Under poikilocapnic conditions neither facial cooling nor CPT evoked a change in middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCA vmean; transcranial Doppler) (P > 0.05 vs. baseline). Under isocapnic conditions, facial cooling did not change MCA vmean (P > 0.05), whereas CPT increased MCA vmean by 13% (P < 0.05). Facial cooling with a concurrent BH markedly increased MCA vmean (Δ23%) and internal carotid artery blood flow (ICAQ; duplex Doppler ultrasound) (Δ26%) (P < 0.001), but no change in MCA vmean and ICAQ was observed when facial cooling was accompanied by spontaneous breathing (P > 0.05). Finally, MCA vmean and ICAQ were similarly increased by BH either with or without facial cooling. These findings suggest that physiological factors associated with BH, and not facial cooling (i.e. trigeminal nerve stimulation) per se, make the predominant contribution to increases in CBF during diving in humans.
MK-571, a Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor 1 Antagonist, Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Replication
Authors: Ruiz Isaac , Nevers Quentin , Hernández Eva , Ahnou Nazim , Brillet Rozenn , Softic Laurent , Donati Flora , Berry Francois , Hamadat Sabah , Fourati Slim , Pawlotsky Jean-Michel , Ahmed-Belkacem Abdelhakim 
Published: March 2020

The quinoline MK-571 is the most commonly used inhibitor of multidrug resistance protein-1 (MRP-1) but was originally developed as a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLTR1) antagonist. While studying the modulatory effect of MRP-1 on anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) direct-acting antiviral (DAA) efficiency, we observed an unexpected anti-HCV effect of compound MK-571 alone. This anti-HCV activity was characterized in Huh7.5 cells stably harboring a subgenomic genotype 1b replicon. A dose-dependent decrease of HCV RNA levels was observed upon MK-571 administration, with a 50% effective concentration (EC
50
± standard deviation) of 9 ± 0.
In Vivo Modifications of Small GTPase Rac and Cdc42 by
Bordetella
Dermonecrotic Toxin
Authors: Masuda Minako , Minami Masayoshi , Shime Hiroaki , Matsuzawa Takeshi , Horiguchi Yasuhiko 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

Bordetella
dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) is known to activate the small GTPase Rho through deamidation or polyamination. In this study, we examined whether Rac and Cdc42, the two other members of the Rho family, serve as intracellular targets for the toxin. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblot assays revealed that DNT deamidated or polyaminated intracellular Rac and Cdc42. After the modifications, both Rac and Cdc42 lost their GTP-hydrolyzing, but not GTP-binding, activities. The interactions of the modified Rac and Cdc42 with their respective effectors were strictly dependent on GTP. MC3T3-E1 cells treated with DNT at high concentrations demonstrated extensive formations of lamellipodia and filopodia, which indicate the intracellular activation of Rac and Cdc42, respectively.
MEMPHIS: a smartphone app using psychological approaches for women with chronic pelvic pain presenting to gynaecology clinics: a randomised feasibility trial
Authors: Forbes Gordon , Newton Sian , Cantalapiedra Calvete Clara , Birch Judy , Dodds Julie , Steed Liz , Rivas Carol , Khan Khalid , Röhricht Frank , Taylor Stephanie , Kahan Brennan C , Ball Elizabeth 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility of a randomised trial of a modified, pre-existing, mindfulness meditation smartphone app for women with chronic pelvic pain.DesignThree arm randomised feasibility trial.SettingWomen were recruited at two gynaecology clinics in the UK. Interventions were delivered via smartphone or computer at a location of participants choosing.ParticipantsWomen were eligible for the study if they were over 18, had been experiencing organic or non-organic chronic pelvic pain for 6 months or more, and had access to a computer or smartphone. 90 women were randomised.InterventionsDaily mindfulness meditation delivered by smartphone app, an active control app which delivered muscle relaxation techniques, and usual care without app. Interventions were delivered over 60 days.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOutcomes included length of recruitment, follow-up rates, adherence to the app interventions, and clinical outcomes measured at baseline, two, three and 6 months.ResultsThe target sample size was recruited in 145 days. Adherence to the app interventions was extremely low (mean app use 1.8 days mindfulness meditation group, 7.0 days active control). Fifty-seven (63%) women completed 6-month follow-up, and 75 (83%) women completed at least one postrandomisation follow-up. The 95% CIs for clinical outcomes were consistent with no benefit from the mindfulness meditation app; for example, mean differences in pain acceptance scores at 60 days (higher scores are better) were −2.3 (mindfulness meditation vs usual care, 95% CI: −6.6 to 2.0) and −4.0 (mindfulness meditation vs active control, 95% CI: −8.1 to 0.1).ConclusionsDespite high recruitment and adequate follow-up rates, demonstrating feasibility, the extremely low adherence suggests a definitive randomised trial of the mindfulness meditation app used in this study is not warranted. Future research should focus on improving patient engagement.Trial registration numbersNCT02721108;ISRCTN10925965; Results.