bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview of blood pressure measurement by Brazilian health professionals
Authors: Albuquerque Nila L. S. , Padwal Raj , Araujo Thelma L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough automated monitors for blood pressure (BP) measurement are used increasingly worldwide, understanding of how such devices are used in Brazil is low. This study analyzed the status of BP measurement by Brazilian health professionals. A questionnaire regarding experience with BP measurement was sent electronically to Brazilian nurses, nursing assistants, and doctors. It had 2004 responses. Previous experience with use of automated monitors was most frequent in men (71.2%), nursing technicians (65.5%), specialists (61.1%), secondary care (71.9%), emergency care (70.6%), or the private sector (66.3%). The least complied aspects of the standardized measurement protocol were availability of various cuff sizes (53.9% and 72.9% for auscultatory and oscillometric methods, respectively) and proper calibration checks (21.5% and 46.8% for auscultatory and oscillometric methods, respectively). Brazilian health professionals report not adequately performing all the necessary aspects to measure BP in accordance with the standardized protocol in both methods, but mainly regarding the oscillometric.
Increased cardiovascular death rates in a COVID‐19 low prevalence area
Authors: Del Pinto Rita , Ferri Claudio , Mammarella Leondino , Abballe Stefano , Dell'Anna Sofia , Cicogna Sabrina , Grassi Davide , Sacco Simona , Desideri Giovambattista 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe province of L'Aquila (Central Italy) was marginally affected by COVID‐19 pandemic, but changes in health care seeking behaviors were noticed. The authors retrospectively analyzed de‐identified data concerning all‐cause and cardiovascular hospitalizations, cardiovascular acute phase treatments, and in‐hospital cardiovascular deaths in the province of L'Aquila from January 1 to March 31, in 2020 and 2019. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) comparing 2020 and 2019 for admissions/procedures were calculated through Poisson regression. All‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in the examined time windows was also assessed. Less all‐cause (IRR 0.85, P < .001) and cardiovascular (IRR 0.73, P < .001) hospitalizations occurred in 2020 than in 2019. Less daily cardiovascular procedures were also performed (IRR: 0.74, P = .009). A disproportionate decrease in the number of procedures was observed in relation to cardiovascular hospitalizations in 2020 (−5.5%, P = .001). Unlike all‐cause mortality, more in‐hospital cardiovascular deaths occurred in March 2020 compared with March 2019 (+6.8%, P = .048).
Atypical Work and Unemployment Protection in Europe*
Authors: Jara Tamayo Holguer Xavier , Tumino Alberto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article evaluates the degree of income protection that the tax‐benefit system provides to atypical workers in the event of unemployment. Our approach relies on simulating transitions from employment to unemployment for the entire workforce in EU member states to compare household financial circumstances before and after the transition. Our results show that coverage rates of unemployment insurance are low among atypical workers, who are also more exposed to the risk of poverty than standard employees, both while in work and in unemployment. Low work intensity employees are characterized by having high net replacement rates. However, this is due to the major role played by the market incomes of other household members. Finally, we show that in countries where self‐employed workers are not eligible for unemployment insurance benefits, extending the eligibility to this group of workers would increase their replacement rates and make them less likely to fall into poverty in the event of unemployment.
Mother–infant interactions with infants with congenital visual impairment and associations with longitudinal outcomes in cognition and language
Authors: Sakkalou Elena , O’Reilly Michelle A. , Sakki Hanna , Springall Clare , de Haan Michelle , Salt Alison T. , Dale Naomi J. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThis study investigated mother–infant interactions, including maternal maintaining of infant attentional focus and sensitivity, with infants with congenital severe and profound visual impairment (VI) and the association with developmental trajectories from one to three years.MethodFifty‐five infants and mothers were video‐recorded playing together with a standard set of toys at Time 1 (T1) mean age 12.95 months (8.13–17.05 months). Maintain was categorized as the mother following and maintaining the child’s focus, and Sensitivity, the mother’s responsiveness and contingency to infant behaviour. Vision level was measured using the Near Detection Scale. Cognition and language were measured at T1, 12 months later (T2) and 24 months later (T3) using the Reynell‐Zinkin Scales.ResultsCross‐sectional analyses showed that mothers of infants with severe VI (basic form vision) produced higher rates of Maintain compared to those with children with profound VI (light perception at best). Linear mixed‐effects models examining developmental progression from T1 to T3 (controlling for vision level) showed an average increase of 5 DQ points (CI 95%: 1.03–9.08) in verbal comprehension for higher Sensitivity. No significant findings were found for Maintain.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that mother–infant interactions (maternal Maintain) are associated with level of vision at infancy, but only maternal Sensitivity has a long‐term positive association with advances in verbal comprehension from infancy to about three years. They highlight the need for incorporating strategies related to parent–infant interactions, including increased sensitivity, into early intervention for children with visual impairment.
Phase III, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of teneligliptin monotherapy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with diet and exercise
Authors: Ji Linong , Ma Jianhua , Lu Weiping , Liu Jingdong , Zeng Jiao’e , Yang Jialin , Li Wei , Zhang Xiuzhen , Xiao Xinhua , Takayanagi Gen , Wang Yi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionAlthough the efficacy of teneligliptin, a highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, has been amply studied for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, no clinical trials of teneligliptin have been carried out in China. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of teneligliptin monotherapy compared with a placebo in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with diet and exercise.Materials and MethodsThis multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group study, carried out at 42 sites, enrolled type 2 diabetes patients with glycosylated hemoglobin 7.0 to <10.0% and fasting blood glucose <270 mg/dL. Patients were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to treatment with 20 mg teneligliptin or a placebo (n = 127, each) administered orally once daily before breakfast for 24 weeks. Change in glycosylated hemoglobin from baseline to week 24 was the primary efficacy end‐point. Safety was assessed by the incidence of adverse events and adverse drug reactions.ResultsThe least square mean (LSM) change in glycosylated hemoglobin from baseline to week 24 was −0.95% with teneligliptin versus −0.14% with a placebo, yielding an LSM difference (teneligliptin vs placebo) of −0.80% (P < 0.0001). For the secondary end‐point, from baseline to week 24, the LSM change in fasting blood glucose was −21.9 mg/dL with teneligliptin versus −1.4 mg/dL with a placebo, yielding an LSM difference (teneligliptin vs placebo) of −20.5 mg/dL (P < 0.0001). The adverse event and adverse drug reaction incidence rates, including hypoglycemia, were similar in both groups.ConclusionsAt 24 weeks, teneligliptin was generally well tolerated and effective in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with diet and exercise.
Distinct haplotypes and free movement ofAedes aegyptiin Port Sudan, Sudan
Authors: Elnour Mohammed‐Ahmed B. , Moustafa Mohamed Abdallah Mohamed , Khogali Rua , Azrag Rasha S. , Alanazi Abdullah D. , Kheir Amani , Nakao Ryo , de Meeûs Thierry , Salim Bashir 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAny attempt to control a mosquito‐borne disease should primarily focus on controlling its vector. In Sudan, arboviral infections are a major health problem where periodical outbreaks of arboviruses transmitted byAedes aegyptihave been reported. This preliminary study was performed to uncover the population genetic diversity ofAedes aegyptifrom Red Sea State, Sudan, using mtDNA‐COIgene. We performed morphological identification, PCR and DNA nucleotide sequencing and analysed the genetic polymorphism, and isolation by distance ofAedes aegyptifrom four sites. Of the 55 samples successfully sequenced, six haplotypes were revealed. Global haplotype network revealed that the predominant haplotype in Sudan (Hap1; 31 sequences = 56.4%), the second most frequent haplotype (Hap2; 13 sequences = 23.6%) and Hap 5 (3.6%) were identical or genetically close to isolates seen in different countries distributed in the United States, South America, Europe, Asia and two African isolates, one from Kenya and the other from Europa Island (Mozambique Channel). Haplotype 4 (3.6%) appeared closely related to mosquitoes sampled from Cameroon, Kenya, Sri Lanka and India and belonged to a lineage that contained isolates from all over the geographical expansion. Haplotype 6 (1.8%) seemed quite distant from any other sequenced mtDNA. To summarize, four haplotypes were found only in Sudan, and one rare haplotype appeared genetically distant from all other haplotypes, suggesting a local origin. Subdivision measures and testing suggested a probable free (or almost free) migration between the different sites sampled.
Marginal adaptation of zirconia‐reinforced lithium silicate overlays with different preparation designs
Authors: Falahchai Mehran , Babaee Hemmati Yasamin , Neshandar Asli Hamid , Neshandar Asli Marzieh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveFollowing the advent of strong adhesive bonding, the conservative tooth preparation designs without a retentive form gained increasing popularity. This study aimed to evaluate the marginal adaptation of zirconia‐reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) overlays with different preparation designs.Materials and methodsForty sound human maxillary first molars were collected and divided into four groups (n = 10) according to their preparation design for the fabrication of ZLS overlays: (O) anatomical occlusal reduction, (OS) anatomical occlusal reduction with rounded shoulder, (OG) anatomical occlusal reduction with a central groove, and (OSG) anatomical occlusal reduction with rounded shoulder and central groove. A video measuring machine (VMM) was used to measure the marginal gap. Statistical analysis was carried out using one‐way ANOVA followed by paired t test and Tukey's test (α = .05).ResultsThe gap size was significantly different between the groups both before (P = .004) and after (P = .008) cementation, and it was significantly smaller in group O than group OSG (P = .002 before and P = .004 after cementation). Marginal gap increased in all groups following cementation (P < .001).ConclusionsGroup O showed comparable marginal adaptation with groups OS and OG while group OSG with the most complex design showed the lowest marginal adaptation for ZLS overlays.Clinical SignificanceAccording to the results of this in vitro study, it may be stated that for defect‐free teeth requiring occlusal restoration, the occlusal surface preparation alone would suffice to achieve optimal marginal adaptation, and retentive and more invasive preparation designs are not required.
Traditional approaches to estimate length at first maturity (L50) retrieve better results than alternative ones in a Neotropical heptapterid
Authors: Soares Bruno E. , Barros Thiago F. , Hashiguti Danielly T. , Pereira Douglas C. , Ferreira Karina C. F. , Caramaschi Érica P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLength at first maturity (L50) is an important tool for the management and conservation of fish populations. Traditional approaches based on macroscopic and microscopic maturity staging exhibit high accuracy and precision, while alternative approaches (e.g., Ig‐based staging, stanza changing point) are less resource‐demanding. Herein, we compare four approaches to estimate L50 in a population of the heptapterid Rhamdioglanis transfasciatus from Atlantic Forest streams. Fish were sampled monthly during a year by using electrofishing. We measured the length (cm), mass (g), and gonad mass (g) of each specimen, then classified their maturity status macroscopically and microscopically. Alternative approaches were strongly discordant from traditional ones. Logistic curves considering mature individuals as those displaying at least 1% of the maximum Ig in the sample greatly underestimated L50 for females and overestimated L50 for males. The stanza changing point derived from the polyphasic growth model underestimated L50 in both cases. Despite the increasing development of less onerous approaches, it seems that they are not suitable for all fish populations and the requirements to use such approaches demand further investigation.
Antibiotics modulate biofilm formation in fish pathogenic isolates of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida
Authors: Desbois Andrew P. , Cook Kira J. , Buba Elizabeth 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAtypical Aeromonas salmonicida causes furunculosis infections of non‐salmonid fish, which requires antibiotic therapy. However, antibiotics may induce biofilm in some bacteria, which protects them against hostile conditions while allowing them to persist on surfaces, thus forming a reservoir for infection. The aim of this study was to determine whether atypical isolates of A. salmonicida increased biofilm in the presence of two antibiotics, florfenicol and oxytetracycline. A microtitre plate assay was used to quantify biofilm in the presence and absence of each antibiotic. Fifteen of 28 isolates formed biofilms under control conditions, while 23 of 28 isolates increased biofilm formation in the presence of at least one concentration of at least one antibiotic. For oxytetracycline, the most effective concentration causing biofilm to increase was one‐quarter of that preventing visible bacterial growth, whereas for florfenicol it was one‐half of this value. This is the first study to demonstrate that a bacterial pathogen of fish increases biofilm in response to antibiotics. Biofilm formation may increase the risk of re‐infection in culture systems and this lifestyle favours the transmission of genetic material, which has implications for the dissemination of antibiotic‐resistance genes and demonstrates the need for enhanced disease prevention measures against atypical A. salmonicida.
Stimulation of in situ low intensity ultrasound on batch fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to enhance the GSH yield
Authors: Yang Yao , Xiang Jiahui , Zhang Zhaoli , Umego Ekene Christopher , Huang Guoping , He Ronghai , Ma Haile 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, an in situ 7.5 L ultrasonic fermentation tank was used to culture Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 30°C for 36 hr to explore the effects of low intensity ultrasound on the production of glutathione (GSH). Ultrasonic conditions of 28 kHz frequency, 28 W/L power density for fermentation time of 0–12 hr, 280 W/L power density for fermentation time of 12–36 hr, 3 s of interval and fixed frequency mode were used for the set‐up and a nonsonicated set‐up served as the control for the experiment. Results showed that ultrasound treatment increased total GSH production by 15.60% from a maximum value of 45.52 mg/L in the control to a maximum value of 52.62 mg/L in the sonicated sample. Also, intracellular and extracellular GSH productions in the sonicated sample increased by 5.60% and 42.92% respectively. Regular detection of the changes of biomass yield, residual sugar, dissolved oxygen and pH showed that sonication resulted in biomass increased by 7.25%, glucose consumption rate increased by 53.08% and dissolved oxygen content decreased by 41.67%. The biomass models of sonication and nonsonication treatments were established according to growth of S. cerevisiae showed that the model fitted well with Logistic regression in which the strain specific growth rate increased by 60.95% after sonication. GSH production model agreed with Luedeking‐Piret regression in which GSH synthesis parameters of sonication, α and β increased by 1.96% and 19.64% in comparison to the nonsonicated sample. This study clearly demonstrated that ultrasonic stimulation could improve the biosynthesis of GSH during fermentation.Practical ApplicationsIn this study, the GSH was producted by microbial fermentation in in situ 7.5 L ultrasonic fermentation tank. During the fermentation, sonication was applied to increasing yield of GSH. The results show that the study provides a theoretical basis for manufacture GSH combined with sonication industrialization. The fermentation kinetic model was established, which provided experimental basis for continous fermentation.
Soybean drying as a moving boundary problem: Shrinkage and moisture kinetics prediction
Authors: Guilherme Gustavo Lopes , Nicolin Douglas Junior 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, the diffusion of moisture in the drying process of soybean grains is mathematical modeled considering shrinkage. Moisture and radius data as a function of time were obtained by experimental tests in a drying oven for three different drying temperatures. Radius decrease was registered by image analysis. The parameters of the diffusion model were obtained by nonlinear regression. The model provided diffusivity values and drying constants at the surface of the grains as a function of temperature. The average moisture profiles presented good agreement with the experimental values. Although the radius profiles predictions presented higher deviation when compared with the experimental values, a good agreement were found, especially at the higher drying rates of the process. The model provided good predictions of the moisture and radius profile for the drying process of soybean grains and the diffusivities and drying constants for considering the grain shrinkage during the process.Practical ApplicationsDiffusion coefficients are crucial parameters to be estimated in order to design highly efficient drying process for food industry. Thus, if the mass transfer is mathematically modeled considering realistic aspects, which occur during the drying process, such as the shrinkage of the grains, the diffusion coefficients estimated become more trustable, allowing the project and optimization of drying equipment for the grain processing industry.
Identification of tomato maturity based on multinomial logistic regression with kernel clustering by integrating color moments and physicochemical indices
Authors: Jiang Yiping , Bian Bei , Wang Xiaochan , Chen Sifan , Li Yuhua , Sun Ye 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe identification of tomato maturity is significant to extend the fruit shelf life and generate the scientific processing strategy. Tomato maturation is a gradual process, and the internal physicochemical characteristics are most related to maturity states. Merely choosing visual features to identify maturity would cause discriminant errors. This study designed a simple and effective identification method for tomato maturity by integrating color moments and physicochemical indices. The color moments were extracted by an adaptive K‐means clustering image processing program, and firmness, soluble solid content and sensory evaluation were measured by professional techniques. The optimal multidimensional index set was formulated according to color moments and physicochemical indices simultaneously. To reduce the confusion between adjacent stages, a novel multinomial logistic regression with kernel clustering (MLRKC) method was designed to identify maturity, and the accuracy was 95.83% for tomato testing set. Moreover, the traditional image features set and some classic methods were applied to verify the performance of proposed method, respectively. Finally, the proposed method was applied to identify the tomatoes in the realistic circumstance. The identification results demonstrated satisfactory performances and promising applications of MLRKC method integrating color moments and physicochemical indices.Practical ApplicationsTomato is a climacteric fruit which could mature after harvesting. Identification tomato maturity stage is significant to decide the optimal transportation modes, inventory strategies and processing technology. Traditional methods for identifying tomato maturity were high‐cost and complicated, which were inefficient for small‐scale production. The method proposed in this study could simply the identification steps and reduce the operating cost, and also provide more accurate and valuable information. The investigated theoretical basis could be incorporated into the small farmers and small‐scale food processing companies to achieve tomato precision processing with low additional costs.
Physicochemical changes in cooked prawn muscle with or without shell during water bath treatment: Effect of thermal protein denaturation
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Llave Yvan , Fukuoka Mika , Sakai Noboru 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe presence or absence of prawn shell impacts the cooked muscle quality. Here, we evaluated the effect of different cooking temperatures and times during water bath treatment on the quality attributes of peeled and unpeeled prawns. Several factors, including heat penetration, moisture content, color distribution, microstructure, and texture changes were tested. Thermal protein denaturation was assessed to clarify differences in quality attributes between both samples. Heat penetration was slightly slower in unpeeled prawns compared to peeled prawns, which correlated with the lower denaturation rate for each protein (myosin, sarcoplasmic‐collagen, and actin). The tissue connection between the shell and muscle protects the prawn meat from shrinkage, resulting in reduced water release. Maximum stress at 50, 65, and 75°C was significantly higher in unpeeled prawns than in peeled prawns. However, the absence of shell resulted in a denser microstructure and slightly higher color profile in peeled prawns. These findings may be applied for the thermal processing of prawns.Practical ApplicationsThe applications of the findings of this study include but are not limited to: (a) predicting the thermal protein denaturation conditions for both peeled and unpeeled prawn muscles, which can facilitate the selection of the applied thermal process degree in order to reduce cooking losses, (b) direct mapping of color distribution at the surface and internal sections of both samples, which contribute to the acceptability of cooked prawn products and easy detection of overcooked areas, and (c) helping in the sensitization of consumers and also processors of the quality attribute retention of processed prawns, since prawns are processed with or without peeling as desired by the target customer