bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ENO1‐targeted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for detecting pancreatic cancer by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Wang Lei , Yin Hang , Bi Rongrong , Gao Guo , Li Kaicheng , Liu Hai‐Lin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate in vitro magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of PDAC using ENO1‐targeted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and xenograft models. Expression level and location of ENO1 protein in pancreatic cancer cell lines of CFPAC‐1 and MiaPaCa‐2 were detected by Western blotting, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Dex‐g‐PCL/SPIO nanoparticles targeting ENO1 were constructed with ENO1 antibody and characterized by MRI. In addition, ENO1‐Dex‐g‐PCL/SPIO nanoparticles were tested to assess their efficacy on the detection of PDAC using in vitro and in vivo MRI. The results showed that ENO1 was expressed in both human PDAC cell lines of CFPAC‐1 and MiaPaCa‐2, demonstrating that the localization of cytoplasm and membrane was dominant. It was confirmed that ENO1 antibody was connected to the SPIO surface in ENO1‐Dex‐g‐PCL/SPIO nanoparticles. The nanoparticles had satisfactory superparamagnetism and significantly enhance the detection of PDAC by in vivo and in vitro MRI. In conclusion, ENO1 can serve as a membrane protein expressed on human PDAC cell lines. ENO1‐targeted SPIO nanoparticles using ENO1 antibody can increase the efficiency of detection of PDAC by in vitro and in vivo MRI.
Safety in moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis patients with latent tuberculosis treated with guselkumab and anti‐tuberculosis treatments concomitantly: results from pooled phase 3 VOYAGE 1 & VOYAGE 2 trials
Authors: Puig L. , Tsai T.‐F. , Bhutani T. , Uy J. , Ramachandran P. , Song M. , You Y. , Gooderham M. , Lebwohl M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients treated with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are at risk of new‐onset tuberculosis (TB) or reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Association between TB/LTBI and interleukin (IL)‐23 inhibitors for psoriasis is unclear. Patients with LTBI typically initiate LTBI therapy before receiving biologics.ObjectivesSafety in moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis patients with LTBI treated with guselkumab (IL‐23 inhibitor) and LTBI treatment was evaluated.MethodsIn the VOYAGE 1 & VOYAGE 2 studies, patients screened for LTBI were randomized to guselkumab, placebo, or adalimumab (TNF inhibitor) at baseline. Placebo → guselkumab crossover occurred at week 16 and adalimumab → guselkumab at week 52 (VOYAGE 1), or at week 28 or later (VOYAGE 2). Incidence of active TB, adverse events (AEs), serious AEs (SAEs), and markedly abnormal liver function tests [alanine aminotransferase test (ALT); aspartate aminotransferase test (AST)] were evaluated using pooled data through week 100 in guselkumab‐treated patients receiving and not receiving LTBI treatment.ResultsAt baseline, 130 randomized patients (guselkumab: n = 69; adalimumab: n = 36; placebo: n = 25) tested positive for LTBI and received concomitant LTBI treatments (LTBI+). No active TB was reported among guselkumab‐treated patients without LTBI (LTBI−) through week 100. Two cases of active TB occurred in LTBI− patients treated with adalimumab. Through week 16, across all treatment groups, greater proportions of LTBI+ patients reported ALT and AST elevations compared with LTBI− patients. Through week 100, proportions of patients experiencing AEs and SAEs were comparable between LTBI+ and LTBI− patients.ConclusionsNo cases of active TB, including reactivation of LTBI, were reported in patients with or without LTBI treated with guselkumab through up to 2 years. LTBI treatment was effective across all treatment groups in preventing reactivation of LTBI. Long‐term treatment with guselkumab was generally well‐tolerated through up to 2 years in patients receiving LTBI medications.
Parkinson’s disease and skin cancer risk: a nationwide population‐based cohort study in Korea
Authors: Ryu H.J. , Park J.‐H. , Choi M. , Jung J.‐H. , Han K. , Kwon D.‐Y. , Kim D.‐H. , Park Y.‐G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have reported that patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have a significantly lower risk of cancer. Studies reporting prevalence of skin cancers in Parkinson’s disease mostly involve Caucasians.ObjectiveA nationwide population‐based study was conducted to determine the risk of skin cancer in patients diagnosed with PD in Korea.MethodsData obtained from National Health Insurance Claims records were used to retrieve information about 70 780 patients with newly diagnosed PD between January 2010 and December 2015. The control group included 353 900 sex‐ and age‐matched patients without PD. In this nationwide population‐based cohort study, we investigated the association between PD and skin cancer.ResultsThe overall hazard ratio (HR) of skin cancers in patients with PD was 1.169 (95% CI, 1.005–1.359) compared with non‐PD group. Among patients with PD, males aged above 65 had a 2.8‐fold increase in the risk for melanoma development than the non‐PD group (HR, 2.825; 95% CI, 1.395–5.721). In addition, female PD patients aged above 65 years showed a 1.3‐fold increase in non‐melanoma skin cancer risk than the non‐PD group (HR, 1.305; 95% 1.073–1.589).ConclusionCompared with the general population, Korean patients diagnosed with PD had a greater risk of skin cancer. Especially, male patients aged 65 years and above, and diagnosed with PD had a significant risk of melanoma development compared with control.
Irrigation technology and water rebound in China's agricultural sector
Authors: Fang Lin , Wu Fengping , Yu Yantuan , Zhang Lin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBy using the data of 30 provinces from 1998 to 2016 in China, this paper estimates the water rebound effect in the agricultural crop farming by combining Slacks‐based Measure (SBM‐based) of Malmquist Index and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method. We find that the average water rebound effect is 70.3%, implying that over two‐thirds of the water saving from irrigation technology improvement is offset by higher water consumption. We find evidence on the regional heterogeneity in terms of the magnitude of rebound: Southwest is the highest, whereas Northwest is the lowest. The heterogeneous rebound effect across regions is mainly due to the difference in water endowment and irrigation land availability. Our results indicate that irrigation technology improvement is not necessarily sufficient for achieving agricultural water conservation. In particular, the difference in natural geography conditions across regions needs to be considered in designing water conservation policies at a sub‐regional level.
An innovative individual‐level caries severity and progression indicator among children
Authors: Lim Sungwoo , Alqahtani Saad , Tellez Marisol , Ismail Amid I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo propose an individual‐level indicator of caries severity based on the maximum score generated using the international caries detection and assessment system (ICDAS) and test validity of this individual‐level indicator by assessing differences between this proposed indicator and the traditional decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMFS or dmfs for primary teeth) index.MethodsData on caries severity were collected using a representative sample of children from Detroit, Michigan, aged less than 6 years (N = 749) examined in 2002–2003 (W1) and 2004–2005 (W2). For each wave, each child was assigned to six caries severity groups based on the maximum ICDAS scores. This individual‐level indicator was then compared with the surface‐level dental caries measure (dmfs + DMFS). In addition, caries progression between W1 and W2 were assessed using individual‐level and tooth surface‐level indicators.ResultsBoth measures were linearly related, and the relationship was statistically significant (P < 0.001).ConclusionAn individual‐level caries progression indicator can be developed that is simple and has the ability to communicate with policymakers and the public the severity and impact of dental caries and it can add value to the conventional presentation of DMF/dmf data.
Maternal perinatal depression and infant sleep problems at 1 year of age: Subjective and actigraphy data from a population‐based birth cohort study
Authors: Halal Camila S. , Bassani Diego G. , Santos Iná S. , Tovo‐Rodrigues Luciana , Del‐Ponte Bianca , Silveira Mariangela F. , Bertoldi Andréa D. , Barros Fernando C. , Nunes Magda L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study used data from 2,222 mothers and infants participating in a population‐based birth cohort to verify whether maternal depression in the perinatal period was associated with poor infant sleep. Mothers who scored ≥13 points on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at 16–24 weeks of gestation and/or 3 months after delivery were considered perinatally depressed. The main outcome variable was poor infant sleep at 12 months of age, defined as >3 night wakings, nocturnal wakefulness >1 hr or total sleep duration <9 hr. Infant sleep data were obtained with the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) and 24‐hr actigraphy monitoring. Prevalence of perinatal depression in the sample was 22.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 20.5–24.0). After Poisson regression, infants of depressed mothers showed an adjusted relative risk (RR) of 1.44 (95% CI, 1.00–2.08; p = .04) for >3 night wakings with questionnaire‐derived data. When actigraphy data were analysed, no association was found between perinatal depression and poor infant sleep (adjusted RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.82–1.74; p = .35). In conclusion, although mothers in the depressed group were more likely to report more night wakings, objective data from actigraphy did not replicate this finding. Dysfunctional cognition, maternal behavioural factors and sleep impairment associated with perinatal depression may affect the mother's impression of her infant's sleep.
Working for 200 Euro? The Unintended Effects of Traineeship Reform on Youth Labor Market Outcomes
Authors: Tomić Iva , Zilic Ivan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper evaluates the effects of an active labor market policy (ALMP) reform, the so‐called SOR measure (vocational training for work without commencing employment), on youth labor market outcomes in the newest EU member state—Croatia. In 2012, SOR was redesigned to ease the first labor market entry and promote on‐the‐job training, enabling a young person without relevant work experience to get a one‐year contract and a net monthly remuneration of 210 euro, while after 2014, the measure also became a part of the European Youth Guarantee. Pooling Croatian Labor Force Surveys from 2007 to 2016 and using the difference‐in‐difference strategy, we estimate the causal intent‐to‐treat effect of the program reform on labor market outcomes. The main results indicate that the reform has had, at best, neutral effects on employment and unemployment, while there is evidence that a portion of young individuals was propelled into inactivity. Though expected, adverse effect on wages—both at the mean and at higher percentiles of the wage distribution—is driven mostly by wages received by women and university graduates.
Population transcriptomics reveals weak parallel genetic basis in repeated marine and freshwater divergence in nine‐spined sticklebacks
Authors: Wang Yingnan , Zhao Yongxin , Wang Yu , Li Zitong , Guo Baocheng , Merilä Juha 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe degree to which adaptation to similar selection pressures is underlain by parallel versus non‐parallel genetic changes is a topic of broad interest in contemporary evolutionary biology. Sticklebacks provide opportunities to characterize and compare the genetic underpinnings of repeated marine‐freshwater divergences at both intra‐ and interspecific levels. While the degree of genetic parallelism in repeated marine‐freshwater divergences has been frequently studied in the three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), much less is known about this in other stickleback species. Using a population transcriptomic approach, we identified both genetic and gene expression variations associated with marine‐freshwater divergence in the nine‐spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius). Specifically, we used a genome‐wide association study approach, and found that ~1% of the total 173,491 identified SNPs showed marine‐freshwater ecotypic differentiation. A total of 861 genes were identified to have SNPs associated with marine‐freshwater divergence, but only 12 of these genes have also been reported as candidates associated with marine‐freshwater divergence in the three‐spined stickleback. Hence, our results indicate a low degree of interspecific genetic parallelism in marine‐freshwater divergence. Moreover, 1,578 genes in the brain and 1,050 genes in the liver were differentially expressed between marine and freshwater nine‐spined sticklebacks, ~5% of which have also been identified as candidates associated with marine‐freshwater divergence in the three‐spined stickleback. However, only few of these (e.g., CLDND1) appear to have been involved in repeated marine‐freshwater divergence in nine‐spined sticklebacks. Taken together, the results indicate a low degree of genetic parallelism in repeated marine‐freshwater divergence both at intra‐ and interspecific levels.
Regulation of ion transport and energy metabolism enables certain coral genotypes to maintain calcification under experimental ocean acidification
Authors: Glazier Amanda , Herrera Santiago , Weinnig Alexis , Kurman Melissa , Gómez Carlos E. , Cordes Erik 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCold‐water corals (CWCs) are important foundation species in the world's largest ecosystem, the deep sea. They support a rich faunal diversity but are threatened by climate change and increased ocean acidification. As part of this study, fragments from three genetically distinct Lophelia pertusa colonies were subjected to ambient pH (pH = 7.9) and low pH (pH = 7.6) for six months. RNA was sampled at two, 4.5, and 8.5 weeks and sequenced. The colony from which the fragments were sampled explained most of the variance in expression patterns, but a general pattern emerged where upregulation of ion transport, required to maintain normal function and calcification, was coincident with lowered expression of genes involved in metabolic processes; RNA regulation and processing in particular. Furthermore, there was no differential expression of carbonic anhydrase detected in any analyses, which agrees with a previously described lack of response in enzyme activity in the same corals. However, one colony was able to maintain calcification longer than the other colonies when exposed to low pH and showed increased expression of ion transport genes including proton transport and expression of genes associated with formation of microtubules and the organic matrix, suggesting that certain genotypes may be better equipped to cope with ocean acidification in the future. While these genotypes exist in the contemporary gene pool, further stresses would reduce the genetic variability of the species, which would have repercussions for the maintenance of existing populations and the ecosystem as a whole.
Intensive care unit nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers regarding early mobilization of patients
Authors: Wang Jiani , Xiao Qian , Zhang Chunyan , Jia Yanrui , Shi Chenxi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt has been recommended that critically ill patients start mobilization as early as possible. However, the clinical utilization rate of early mobilization remains low in the intensive care unit (ICU), and respiratory therapists and nurses are the primary practitioners of early mobilization in China.AimThe aim of this study is to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers of ICU nurses regarding the early mobilization of ICU patients.DesignA descriptive and cross‐sectional design was used.MethodsA cross‐sectional design was used, with an e‐questionnaire for ICU nurses (n = 227) to assess knowledge and attitudes regarding early mobilization via the “Tencent WeChat” app on their smart phones.ResultsAs the primary implementers of the early mobilization of ICU patients in China, more than half of ICU nurses passed the knowledge test (scored ≥20/25 points) and had positive attitudes (scored 45/55 points) regarding early mobilization. Nurses had good knowledge (more than 96.5%) of the benefits and stopping indications of early mobilization; however, they had a poor understanding (less than 51.1%) of the population in which early mobilization is applicable and monitoring indicators during early mobilization, and 39.2% of nurses did not support routine implementation of early mobilization for patients in the ICU. The major barriers that they perceived were very heavy workload (76.8%), insufficient equipment and devices (50.2%), lack of written protocols or guidelines (50.2%), inadequate training (47.1%), potential work risks (42.3%), and limited staffing (41.4%).ConclusionsAlthough over half of ICU nurses exhibited relatively comprehensive knowledge of and positive attitudes to early mobilization, some misunderstandings, negativity, and barriers remain.Relevance to clinical practiceTraining programmes should be conducted continuously, especially focused on common misunderstandings and negative attitudes. Organizational support is required to overcome barriers to the implementation of early mobilization.
Identification of the target genes of AqAPETALA3‐3 (AqAP3‐3) in Aquilegia coerulea (Ranunculaceae) helps understand the molecular bases of the conserved and nonconserved features of petals
Authors: Jiang Yongchao , Wang Meimei , Zhang Rui , Xie Jinghe , Duan Xiaoshan , Shan Hongyan , Xu Guixia , Kong Hongzhi 
Published: April 2020

Summary

Identification and comparison of the conserved and variable downstream genes of floral organ identity regulators are critical to understanding the mechanisms underlying the commonalities and peculiarities of floral organs. Yet, because of the lack of studies in nonmodel species, a general picture of the regulatory evolution between floral organ identity genes and their targets is still lacking.

Here, by conducting extensive chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high‐throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq), electrophoretic mobility shift assay and bioinformatic analyses, we identify and predict the target genes of a petal identity gene, AqAPETALA3‐3 (AqAP3‐3), in Aquilegia coerulea (Ranunculaceae) and compare them with those of its counterpart in Arabidopsis thaliana, AP3.

In total, 7049 direct target genes are identified for AqAP3‐3, of which 2394 are highly confident and 1085 are shared with AP3. Gene Ontology enrichment analyses further indicate that conserved targets are largely involved in the formation of identity‐related features, whereas nonconserved targets are mostly required for the formation of species‐specific features.

These results not only help understand the molecular bases of the conserved and nonconserved features of petals, but also pave the way to studying the regulatory evolution between floral organ identity genes and their targets.
A secreted fungal histidine‐ and alanine‐rich protein regulates metal ion homeostasis and oxidative stress
Authors: Nostadt Robin , Hilbert Magdalena , Nizam Shadab , Rovenich Hanna , Wawra Stephan , Martin Jörg , Küpper Hendrik , Mijovilovich Ana , Ursinus Astrid , Langen Gregor , Hartmann Marcus D. , Lupas Andrei N. , Zuccaro Alga 
Published: April 2020

Summary

Like pathogens, beneficial endophytic fungi secrete effector proteins to promote plant colonization, for example, through perturbation of host immunity. The genome of the root endophyte Serendipita indica encodes a novel family of highly similar, small alanine‐ and histidine‐rich proteins, whose functions remain unknown. Members of this protein family carry an N‐terminal signal peptide and a conserved C‐terminal DELD motif.

Here we report on the functional characterization of the plant‐responsive DELD family protein Dld1 using a combination of structural, biochemical, biophysical and cytological analyses.

The crystal structure of Dld1 shows an unusual, monomeric histidine zipper consisting of two antiparallel coiled‐coil helices. Similar to other histidine‐rich proteins, Dld1 displays varying affinity to different transition metal ions and undergoes metal ion‐ and pH‐dependent unfolding. Transient expression of mCherry‐tagged Dld1 in barley leaf and root tissue suggests that Dld1 localizes to the plant cell wall and accumulates at cell wall appositions during fungal penetration. Moreover, recombinant Dld1 enhances barley root colonization by S. indica, and inhibits H2O2‐mediated radical polymerization of 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine.

Our data suggest that Dld1 has the potential to enhance micronutrient accessibility for the fungus and to interfere with oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species homeostasis to facilitate host colonization.
Life in the canopy: community trait assessments reveal substantial functional diversity among fern epiphytes
Authors: Nitta Joel H. , Watkins James E. , Davis Charles C. 
Published: April 2020

Summary

The expansion of angiosperm‐dominated forests in the Cretaceous and early Cenozoic had a profound effect on terrestrial biota by creating novel ecological niches. The majority of modern fern lineages are hypothesized to have arisen in response to this expansion, particularly fern epiphytes that radiated into the canopy. Recent evidence, however, suggests that epiphytism does not correlate with increased diversification rates in ferns, calling into question the role of the canopy habitat in fern evolution.

To understand the role of the canopy in structuring fern community diversity, we investigated functional traits of fern sporophytes and gametophytes across a broad phylogenetic sampling on the island of Moorea, French Polynesia, including > 120 species and representatives of multiple epiphytic radiations.

While epiphytes showed convergence in small size and a higher frequency of noncordate gametophytes, they showed greater functional diversity at the community level relative to terrestrial ferns.

These results suggest previously overlooked functional diversity among fern epiphytes, and raise the hypothesis that while the angiosperm canopy acted as a complex filter that restricted plant size, it also facilitated diversification into finely partitioned niches. Characterizing these niche axes and adaptations of epiphytic ferns occupying them should be a priority for future pteridological research.