bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation in the Giant African SnailLissachatina fulica(Bowdich, 1822) in its invasive ranges of Asia and West Africa
Authors: Vijayan Keerthy , Suganthasakthivel R , Sajeev T V , Soorae Pritpal Singh , Naggs Fred , Wade Christopher M 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe rapidly spreading Giant African Snail Lissachatina [=Achatina] fulica (Bowdich, 1822) has been introduced to many parts of the world since the 1800s and is one of the world’s most invasive species. We compared cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences from four invasive ranges: India, United Arab Emirates (UAE), China and West Africa. Sixteen distinct haplotypes were identified, with nine found in India, four in the UAE, one in China and four in West Africa. Haplotype 5 was the most common haplotype in Asia and haplotype 1 the most common in West Africa. Network analysis suggests that all haplotypes in India, the UAE, China and West Africa were derived from the most common haplotype 5 which is present in all three invasive ranges in Asia. Higher levels of genetic variation were observed in the invasive ranges of Asia than in West Africa. The high genetic variation observed in Asia, together with high levels of trade as exemplified by wood import data, supports the hypothesis that there could have been multiple invasion events in India and the UAE. Additional sampling from the native and invasive ranges in Africa and from other regions of invasion is essential for understanding the movement and spread of L. fulica.
Communicating Through or Communicating with: Approaching Artificial Intelligence from a Communication and Media Studies Perspective
Authors: Natale Simone 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This review article examines two recent publications that explore the relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and communication. Discussing Human–Machine Communication (HMC) as an emerging area of inquiry within communication and media studies, two important implications of this body of work are highlighted. First, the "human" component still plays a key role in HMC, since what we call “AI” derives from the technical and material functioning of computing technologies as much as from the contribution of the humans who enter in communication with AI technologies. Second, HMC challenges the very concept of medium, because the machine is at the same time the channel as well as the producer of communication messages. A potential way to solve this challenge is to mobilize existing approaches in media history and theory that expand the concept of medium beyond its conceptualization as mere channel.
L’Organe des Anciens? Retour sur les rééditions des
Caractères
de La Bruyère
Authors: Schuwey Christophe 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

This article challenges fundamental assumptions about Jean de La Bruyère’s
Les Caractères
and the eight reissues of the work that were published in just six years — a unique case in canonical French literature. Contrary to critical refrains since the mid-nineteenth century, these editions should not be considered as drafts that preceded a definitive version. Following early modern editorial practices, the reissues are better understood within a concept of periodicity:
Les Caractères
functioned as a media platform that allowed La Bruyère to compete with the
Mercure galant
(the fashionable official media outlet of Louis XIV’s reign) to intervene in topical debates and secure election to the Académie française. Throughout the editions, he subtly re-oriented his positioning and moulded his work into a literary monument. Behind its venerable philosophical tone,
Les Caractères
reveals itself to be a dynamic book, tightly linked to contemporary issues and elaborated from sophisticated media strategies, as well as a textbook case in the historiography of French studies.
Investigation of Cytotoxic Constituents from Seed Pulp of Entada Phaseoloides and Metabolite Profiling Using UPLC-QTOF-MSE
Authors: Pavan Kumar P , Siva Bandi , Katragunta Kumar , Beedkar Supriya D , Ramakrishna Sistla , Barua Chandana C , Suresh Babu K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Entada phaseoloides (Linn.) Merr. (Family: Fabaceae) is a well-known, traditional, medicinal plant that has been extensively used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for centuries to combat a wide range of ailments.

Objective
The goal of this work was to investigate the bioactive constituents from n-butanol extracts of Entada. phaseoloides and develop a method for the comprehensive characterization of saponins using liquid chromatography with an electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS).

Methods
A hyphenated technique, ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS), has been proposed to integrate LC and MS together with NMR for structural elucidation. This method allowed comprehensive characterization of saponin glycosides from E. phaseoloides based on their MS/MS fragmentation study.

Results
The phytochemical study of E. phaseoloides resulted in the isolation and identification of three bio-active constituents. Further, the UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method led the structure elucidation of saponin constituents directly from crude extracts via comparison of the exact molecular masses from their MS/MS spectra. Identified common fragments m/z 648, 630, 498, 366, and 204 were used for the screening of saponin components.

Conclusions
The present study summarizes the isolation and identification of bio-compounds from n-butanol extract and the demonstration of UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis for the characterization of compounds in complex crude extracts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic study in structural characterization on complex saponins and other metabolites from crude extract of E. phaseoloides using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MSE.

Highlights
Rapid analysis and characterizations of three new saponins from E. phaseoloides using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MSE were tentatively identified based on the mass fragmentation study.
Recognition of the pre-salt regional structure of Kwanza basin, offshore in West Africa, derived from the satellite gravity data and seismic profiles
Authors: Qiu Longjun , Chen Zhaoxi , Liu Yalei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Kwanza basin, located on the west coast of Africa and the east side of the South Atlantic Ocean, has the potential for deep-water oil and gas exploration. Previous studies have shown that the pre-salt system within the area has high potential for oil and gas storage. However, due to the shielding effect of the evaporating salt rock during the Aptian period, the quality of seismic reflection profiles of the pre-salt layers is poor. This means that the pre-salt sequences, the main fault, the scale and distribution pattern of the rift are not clear. To clarify the pre-salt regional structure pattern and further guide pre-salt exploration, we carried out a series of analyses and target processing of seismic and gravity data. Further, combining other available geological and lithology data as well as a tectonic model, we put forward a new understanding of the pre-salt structure of Kwanza basin. The research shows that the Kwanza basin can be divided into three uplift belts below the salt layer, which are distributed in the NW–SE trending direction. The three key profiles illustrate the distribution of uplift and depression in detail. The explained structural highs distributed in the outer Kwanza basin may be related to oil and gas reservoir. This study could provide the geophysical basis for the re-interpretation of the pre-salt seismic sequence, the strategic selection of pre-salt oil and gas and the next exploration deployment.
Political Consequences of Economic Hardship: State Economic Activity and Polarization in American Legislatures
Authors: Garro Haritz 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Previous literature has explored the effects of economic conditions on voting behavior. In this article, I analyze how the economy affects legislative polarization. Using recently available state legislator ideal point estimates, I find a strong negative relationship between state economic activity and political polarization. States that fared worse economically have experienced greater increases in legislative polarization. I show this relationship is causal by employing an instrumental variables strategy. The instrument isolates exogenous variation in state economic activity by exploiting time-series variation in oil prices, which differentially affects individual states according to their economic dependence on oil production. The estimated polarization effects are stronger for Republicans. The findings have implications for understanding the interaction between the economy and political outcomes. (JEL H7, H83).
E-Discovery in Investment Treaty Arbitration: Practice, Procedures, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Shirlow Esmé 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Document production, and with it e-discovery, presents unique opportunities but also challenges for parties and tribunals seeking fair, efficient and effective investor-state arbitration proceedings. Despite the prevalence of electronically stored information and the potential utility of technology-assisted review techniques, e-discovery procedures in investor-state arbitration are relatively underdeveloped. Applicable procedural rules and guidelines are largely silent as to the mechanics of e-discovery. Analysis of investor-state arbitration decisions indicates a further reticence on the part of parties and investor-state tribunals to squarely address issues of e-discovery proactively. This means that the use, selection and scope of e-discovery are left almost entirely to parties and tribunals to navigate on a case-by-case and largely ad hoc basis. Given the likely increasing relevance of e-discovery in international investor-state arbitration, this article considers how parties and tribunals might be supported to become better equipped to accommodate e-discovery appropriately in investor-state arbitration.
Digital cultural colonialism: measuring bias in aggregated digitized content held in Google Arts and Culture
Authors: Kizhner Inna , Terras Melissa , Rumyantsev Maxim , Khokhlova Valentina , Demeshkova Elisaveta , Rudov Ivan , Afanasieva Julia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn February 2011, Google launched its Google Art Project, now known as Google Arts and Culture (GA&C), that currently hosts approximately six million high-resolution images of artworks from around the world, with an objective to make culture more accessible. We demonstrate that GA&C has experienced dramatic growth in recent years and includes artworks for almost every country from the UN member list. However, we document a noticeable lack of balance in the aggregator, with some countries and institutions being prioritized, and a major proportion of the holdings featuring content that resides in the USA. Moreover, after examining Russian and French collections, we see the dominance of artworks from their capital cities in GA&C, while art from provinces is clearly underrepresented. Finally, we find a dominance of art from the 20th century with some emphasis on artworks demonstrating a break in canon or ‘otherness’ of non-Western countries. The discrepancies that we observe give evidence to support previously posited ideas of digital cultural colonialism. This may be due to a lack of data transparency or availability of previously digitized content in the countries with a lower representation in the portal, or an unintentional digital amplification of conventional traditions of art collection and interpretation that dominate museum displays in larger Western cities. We call for explicit statement by platforms on their collection and selection criteria and the need for researchers to understand the biases emerging from aggregated digitized content.
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Trends, Outcomes, and Predictions From a 15-Year Perspective of a Single Neurocritical Care Unit
Authors: Samuels Owen B , Sadan Ofer , Feng Chen , Martin Kathleen , Medani Khalid , Mei Yajun , Barrow Daniel L 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with disproportionally high mortality and long-term neurological sequelae. Management of patients with aSAH has changed markedly over the years, leading to improvements in outcome.

OBJECTIVE
To describe trends in aSAH care and outcome in a high-volume single center 15-yr cohort.

METHODS
All new admissions diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) to our tertiary neuro-intensive care unit between 2002 and 2016 were reviewed. Trend analysis was performed to assess temporal changes and a step-wise regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with outcomes.

RESULTS
Out of 3970 admissions of patients with SAH, 2475 patients proved to have a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Over the years of the study, patient acuity increased by Hunt & Hess (H&H) grade and related complications. Endovascular therapies became more prevalent over the years, and were correlated with better outcome. Functional outcome overall improved, yet the main effect was noted in the low- and intermediate-grade patients. Several parameters were associated with poor functional outcome, including long-term mechanical ventilation (odds ratio 11.99, CI 95% [7.15-20.63]), acute kidney injury (3.55 [1.64-8.24]), pneumonia (2.89 [1.89-4.42]), hydrocephalus (1.80 [1.24-2.63]) diabetes mellitus (1.71 [1.04-2.84]), seizures (1.69 [1.07-2.70], H&H (1.67 [1.45-1.94]), and age (1.06 [1.05-1.07]), while endovascular approach to treat the aneurysm, compared with clip-ligation, had a positive effect (0.35 [0.25-0.48]).

CONCLUSION
This large, single referral center, retrospective analysis reveals important trends in the treatment of aSAH. It also demonstrates that despite improvement in functional outcome over the years, systemic complications remain a significant risk factor for poor prognosis. The historic H&H determination of outcome is less valid with today's improved care.
Investigation of the Genetic Diversity of a Rice Core Collection of Japanese Landraces using Whole-Genome Sequencing
Authors: Tanaka Nobuhiro , Shenton Matthew , Kawahara Yoshihiro , Kumagai Masahiko , Sakai Hiroaki , Kanamori Hiroyuki , Yonemaru Jun-ichi , Fukuoka Shinichi , Sugimoto Kazuhiko , Ishimoto Masao , Wu Jianzhong , Ebana Kaworu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Rice Core Collection of Japanese Landraces (JRC) consisting of 50 accessions was developed by the genebank at the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) in 2008. As a Japanese landrace core collection, the JRC has been used for many research projects, including screening for different phenotypes and allele mining for target genes. To understand the genetic diversity of Japanese Landraces, we performed whole-genome resequencing of these 50 accessions and obtained a total of 2,145,095 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and 317,832 insertion–deletions (indels) by mapping against the Oryza sativa ssp. japonica Nipponbare genome. A JRC phylogenetic tree based on 1,394 representative SNPs showed that JRC accessions were divided into two major groups and one small group. We used the multiple genome browser, TASUKE+, to examine the haplotypes of flowering genes and detected new mutations in these genes. Finally, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for agronomical traits using the JRC and another core collection, the World Rice Core Collection (WRC), comprising 69 accessions also provided by the NARO genebank. In leaf blade width, a strong peak close to NAL1, a key gene for the regulation of leaf width, and, in heading date, a peak near HESO1 involved in flowering regulation were observed in GWAS using the JRC. They were also detected in GWAS using the combined JRC + WRC. Thus, JRC and JRC + WRC are suitable populations for GWAS of particular traits.
Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Etchecopar-Etchart Damien , Korchia Theo , Loundou Anderson , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Auquier Pascal , Lançon Christophe , Boyer Laurent , Fond Guillaume 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) in schizophrenia (SZ; SZ-MDD) has been identified as a major prognostic factor. However, the prevalence and associated factors of SZ-MDD have never been explored in a meta-analysis. All studies assessing the prevalence of SZ-MDD in stabilized outpatients with a standardized scale or with structured interviews were included. The Medline, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases were searched. Using random effects models, we calculated the pooled estimate of the prevalence of SZ-MDD. We used meta-regression and subgroup analyses to evaluate the potential moderators of the prevalence estimates, and we used the leave-one-out method for sensitivity analyses. Of the 5633 potentially eligible studies identified, 18 studies (n = 6140 SZ stabilized outpatients) were retrieved in the systematic review and included in the meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of the prevalence of SZ-MDD was 32.6% (95% CI: 27.9–37.6); there was high heterogeneity (I2 = 92.6%), and Egger’s test did not reveal publication bias (P = .122). The following factors were found to be sources of heterogeneity: publication in or after 2015, the inclusion of patients from larger studies, the assessment tools, the inclusion of patients with substance use disorder or somatic chronic diseases, age, education level, the lifetime number of hospitalizations, and antidepressant use. Two-thirds of the extracted variables could not be explored due to an insufficient amount of published data. The prevalence of MDD is high among SZ individuals. Healthcare providers and public health officials should have an increased awareness of the burden of SZ-MDD.
Spatiotemporal trends of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Costa Rica
Authors: Bayles Brett R , Rusk Andria E , Pineda Maria Alvarez , Chen Bobin , Dagy Keira , Hummel Tyler , Kuwada Kira , Martin Serena , Guzmán Carlos Faerron 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) remains an important neglected tropical disease in Costa Rica, which has one of the largest burdens of this disease in Latin America.

Methods
We identified district-level hotspots of CL from 2006 to 2017 and conducted temporal analysis to identify where hotspots were increasing across the country.

Results
Clear patterns of CL risk were detected, with persistent hotspots located in the Caribbean region, where risk was also found to be increasing over time in some areas.

Conclusions
We identify spatiotemporal hotspots, which may be used in support of the leishmaniasis plan of action for the Americas.
Case of Generalized Tumor-Type Rosai–Dorfman Disease With Sarcoidosis-Like Histological Features and IgG4-Positive Plasma Cells
Authors: Tan Yixin , Zhou Ying , Zhan Yi , Luo Shuaihantian , Liu Yu , Zhang Guiying 
Published: September 2020

Abstract:
Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD, also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy) is a rare and benign non–Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Skin biopsy usually shows nodular or diffuse dermatitis. Rosai–Dorfman cells (RDD cells) and emperipolesis are the key to diagnosis. RDD cells express S-100 antigen, CD68, CD163, α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, and ham-56, whereas Langerhans cell markers such as CD1a and langerin are negative. We presented a case of a 55-year-old man with varying sizes of many dark red nodules and lumps over the face, trunk, and limbs for approximately 1 year but without systemic involvement. The results of the laboratory evaluations were notable for an increased level of serum IL-6 and serum IgG4. Histopathological examination showed a diffused dense nodular infiltration of “nude” epithelioid histiocytes with infiltration of minimal lymphocytes and plasm cells around the epithelioid nodules. Immunohistochemistry identified nodular histiocytes being stained strongly positive for S-100 and CD68 but negative for CD1a. Plasma cells showed focally positive for IgG, IgG4, and CD38 and with a ratio of IgG4/IgG >40%. Considering these findings, we believe that our case meets the diagnostic description of “cutaneous Rosai–Dorfman disease” and is, therefore, a rare case with clinical features of multiple tumor-like nodules, sarcoidosis-like histological features, and immunohistochemistry of IgG4-positive plasma cells.
Effect of two different pre-operative exercise training regimens before colorectal surgery on functional capacity
Authors: Minnella Enrico M. , Ferreira Vanessa , Awasthi Rashami , Charlebois Patrick , Stein Barry , Liberman Alexander S. , Scheede-Bergdahl Celena , Morais José A. , Carli Francesco 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND
Multimodal prehabilitation, including exercise training, nutritional therapy and anxiety reduction, has been shown to attenuate functional decline associated with surgery. Due to the growing interest in functional status as a targeted surgical outcome, a better understanding of the optimal prescription of exercise is critical.

OBJECTIVE
The objective is to compare peri-operative functional trajectory in response to two different exercise training protocols within a 4-week, supervised, multimodal prehabilitation programme.

DESIGN
This was a single blinded, single centre, randomised controlled study. Participants performed four assessments: at baseline, after prehabilitation (just before surgery), and at 1 and 2 months after surgery.

PATIENTS
Adult patients scheduled for elective resection of nonmetastatic colorectal cancer were included provided there were no absolute contraindications to exercise nor poor language comprehension.

INTERVENTION
Patients followed either high-intensity interval training (HIIT), or moderate intensity continuous training (MICT), as part of a 4-week multimodal prehabilitation programme. Both groups followed the same supervised resistance training, nutritional therapy and anxiety reduction interventions. All patients followed standardised peri-operative management.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Changes in oxygen consumption at anaerobic threshold, measured with sequential cardio-pulmonary exercise testing, were assessed and compared between groups.

RESULTS
Forty two patients were included in the primary analysis (HIIT n = 21 vs. MICT n = 21), with mean ± SD age 64.5 ± 11.2 years and 62% were men. At 2 months after surgery, 13/21 (62%) in HIIT and 11/21 (52%) in MICT attended the study visits. Both protocols significantly enhanced pre-operative functional capacity, with no difference between groups: mean (95% confidence interval) oxygen consumption at anaerobic threshold 1.97 (0.75 to 3.19) ml kg−1 min−1 in HIIT vs. 1.71 (0.56 to 2.85) in MICT, P = 0.753. At 2 months after surgery, the HIIT group showed a higher improvement in physical fitness: 2.36 (0.378 to 4.34) ml kg−1 min−1, P = 0.021. No adverse events occurred during the intervention.

CONCLUSION
Both MICT and HIIT enhanced pre-operative functional capacity.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03361150.