bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le dilemme d’une métaphysique chinoise
Authors: Ghiglione Anna 
Published: January 2020

La cosmologie traditionnelle chinoise n’a pas alimenté une spéculation métaphysique axée sur l’idée d’une séparation radicale entre la Nature et la dimension matérielle d’une part, et la substance, l’Être et la sphère divine d’autre part. La notion d’hypophysiqueserait plus appropriée pour faire référence à l’attention que les maîtres à penser portaient, dès l’époque classique (ve-iiiesiècle av. J.-C.), à un substrat de la réalité doté d’une phénoménalité minimale, constitué de signes menus à interpréter, et aux lignes de cohérence intrinsèques à l’ordre naturel de choses. Pourtant, le concept de métaphysique est employé dans plusieurs études contemporaines pour expliquer d’une manière unitaire les principes fondateurs de la pensée naturaliste chinoise. Si, initialement, en Chine, la démarche métaphysique était associée à la théologie chrétienne, avec l’avènement de la modernité elle a fini par être rapprochée de l’ancienne cosmologie ; l’équivalent lexical chinois demétaphysique(xing’ershangxue), dérivé d’une expression qui figure dans un commentaire duClassique des mutations, témoigne de cet effort de domestication.
L’anthropologie « post-séculière » du religieux
Authors: Meintel Deirdre 
Published: January 2020

Les anthropologues ont longtemps été imprégnés d’un certain athéisme méthodologique lorsqu’il s’agissait d’étudier les religions lointaines des « autres ». Or, une telle approche ne semble plus adaptée au genre de terrains réalisé aujourd’hui. Nous examinons brièvement les causes de ce « glissement tectonique » au sein de l’anthropologie, ainsi que ses conséquences pour les terrains religieux. Ensuite, nous explorons les nouvelles possibilités qu’offre l’émergence de ce que certains qualifient d’anthropologie « post-séculière », dont un nouveau dialogue avec la théologie.
Le charme discret de l’enseignement religieux
Authors: Thériault Barbara 
Published: January 2020

À l’origine d’une aventure sociologique et journalistique, une enquête de type ethnographique dans une ville de taille moyenne d’Allemagne de l’Est dont l’autrice a publié une partie des résultats dans les pages d’un quotidien régional, se trouve un détail lié à la religion : l’attrait étonnant des cours d’enseignement religieux sur les familles « sans confession ». C’est de ce détail, et de la réaction qu’il a suscitée, qu’il est question dans ce texte, un compte rendu articulé en deux temps de la transformation d’une tranche du « milieu de la société » et de son rapport à certaines institutions religieuses.
L’économie selon Agamben
Authors: Gignac Alain 
Published: January 2020

Le règne et la gloire du philosophe italien Agamben (2007) consiste en une enquête sur la trajectoire théologico-politique du concept grec « économie », depuis Aristote et les pères de l’Église jusqu’aux théologiens médiévaux (et les philosophes modernes). Il s’agit d’une oeuvre qui transgresse les frontières disciplinaires et appelle un dialogue interdisciplinaire. Si Agamben emprunte à la théologie, comment, par effet de retour, sa philosophie politique nous permet-elle de revisiter notre théologie et nos interprétations bibliques ? Avant de répondre à cette question, il faut toutefois analyser le discours d’Agamben. L’objectif poursuivi ici est donc de décrire de manière critique la méthode agambénienne et d’en suivre la discursivité, en mettant en relief la construction d’un dispositif bipolaire : d’une part, la vie divine, interne à Dieu, comprise en terme économique ; d’autre part, l’action divine pour créer, gérer et sauver le monde, externe à Dieu, elle aussi comprise en termes économiques. Or, la mise à jour de ce dispositif permet à Agamben d’expliquer l’impasse politique actuelle et de proposer un remède.
Synthesis and biological activity of 1,4-pentadien-3-one derivatives containing triazine scaffolds
Authors: Tang Xu , Chen Mei , He Jun , Su Shijun , Xia Rongjiao , Guo Tao , Jiang Shichun , Liu Liwei , Xue Wei 
Published: January 2020

Background
Literatures revealed that 1,4-pentadien-3-one and triazine derivatives exhibited a wide variety of biological activities. In order to develop highly bioactive molecules, in this study, a series of novel 1,4-pentadien-3-one derivatives containing triazine moieties were synthesized and their antibacterial and antiviral activities were investigated.

Methods
A series of novel 1,4-pentadien-3-one derivatives containing triazine moieties were synthesized and characterized in detail via 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS spectra. The antibacterial activities against Xanthomonas axonopodispv. citri (Xac), Xanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzae (Xoo) and Ralstonia solanacearum (R.s) were evaluated at 100 and 50 µg/mL using a turbidimeter and N. tabacun L. leaves under the same age as that of test subjects. The curative, protective and inactivation activities against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) at a concentration of 500 µg/mL were evaluated via the half-leaf blight spot method.

Results
The bioassay results showed that some of the target compounds exhibited fine antibacterial activities against Xac and R.s. Particularly, half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of some target compounds against R.s are visibly better than that of the positive control bismerthiazol (BT). Notably, compound 4a showed excellent inactivation activity against TMV with a EC50 value of 12.5 µg/mL, which was superior to that ofningnanmycin (NNM,13.5 µg/mL). Besides, molecular docking studies for 4awith tobacco mosaic virus coat protein (TMV-CP) showed that the compound was embedded well in the pocket between the two subunits of TMV-CP. These findings indicate that 1,4-pentadien-3-one derivatives containing triazine moieties may be potential antiviral and antibacterial agents.
Application of problem-based learning and case-based learning integrated method in the teaching of maxillary sinus floor augmentation in implant dentistry
Authors: Liu Yunfei , Xu Yamei , Li Yueheng , Wu Qingqing 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundTeaching of maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) is challenging for dental educators due to the varied sinus anatomy and high rate of complications. The method integrating problem-based learning and case-based learning (PBL-CBL method) may be more effective than the traditional teacher-centered method. The aim is to evaluate the efficacy of the PBL-CBL method in teaching MSFA.Materials & MethodsNinety-two students who received training between 2015 and 2017 at the Department of Implant Dentistry were divided randomly into an experimental group and a control group. Students in the experimental group were trained using the PBL-CBL method, while those in the control group were trained using the traditional teacher-centered method. After three months of training, a survey of the students’ opinions about the corresponding teaching method was carried out through a feedback questionnaire. A theory test was used to investigate the level of MSFA knowledge among the students. A case analysis was designed to test whether the students can apply the knowledge in solving new problems.ResultsCompared with the control method, the PBL-CBL method resulted in higher scores in both the theory test and the case analysis, and obtained a higher rate of satisfaction among the students. The difference in scores between the two methods were statistically significant (P < 0.01),ConclusionThe PBL-CBL method resulted in better results regarding acquisition of academic knowledge, ability in case analysis and student satisfaction compared with the teacher-centered method. It may be a promising mode for teaching complex surgical techniques in implant dentistry and other dental fields.
Retargeting adenoviruses for therapeutic applications and vaccines
Authors: Barry Michael A. , Rubin Jeffrey D. , Lu Shao‐Chia 
Published: January 2020

Adenoviruses (Ads) are robust vectors for therapeutic applications and vaccines, but their use can be limited by differences in their in vitro and in vivo pharmacologies. This review emphasizes that there is not just one Ad, but a whole virome of diverse viruses that can be used as therapeutics. It discusses that true vector targeting involves not only retargeting viruses, but importantly also detargeting the viruses from off‐target cells.
Cannabinoids and Their Receptors
Authors: Straiker Alex 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Phytocannabinoids are ∼100 molecules with a similar structural motif found in cannabis. The best known of these is Δ
9
‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ
9
‐THC), the chief psychoactive component of cannabis. In 1989, the first ‘cannabinoid’ receptor was identified. This first receptor, christened CB1, has since been joined by several others: CB2, GPR18 and GPR119. These receptors mediate the effects of THC but are also part of an endogenous signalling system. The human body makes endogenous cannabinoids; lipid messengers that are structurally distinct from phytocannabinoids and that are synthesised and metabolised enzymatically. This combination of cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids and proteins to synthesise, transport and metabolise these receptors form an important endogenous signalling system with roles in the brain and throughout the body. The cannabinoid signalling system regulates numerous functions including memory, motor control, appetite, nausea and pain.

Key Concepts

Δ
9
‐THC is a plant cannabinoid that acts on the body by plugging into an endogenous signalling system in the body.

Δ
9
‐THC is one of ∼100 ‘phytocannabinoids’ including cannabidiol (CBD) that are an area of active research.

Established cannabinoid receptors are G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) that transmit an extracellular chemical signal into an intracellular cascade via second messengers.

Cannabinoid receptors are found in much of the brain and throughout the body where they play numerous physiological roles.

Endogenous cannabinoids are lipid messengers that are structurally unrelated to Δ
9
‐THC.

Unlike classical neurotransmitters, endocannabinoids are not stored in or released from vesicles but are instead produced ‘on‐demand’ and subsequently metabolised by enzymes.

Cannabinoid enzymes synthesise or metabolise families of cannabinoid‐related lipids rather than a single endocannabinoid.

The ubiquity of cannabinoid receptors in the body and the legal status of cannabinoids have made development of cannabinoid‐based therapeutics difficult.
Clinical Genetics of Cholangiopathies
Authors: Reichert Matthias Christian , Lammert Frank 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Cholestasis can be caused by various liver diseases. In the recent years, genetic factors for cholestatic liver diseases have been identified. In the case of rare cholestatic liver diseases such as progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, genetic tests are already an indispensable part of the diagnostic algorithm. Frequently the causative gene mutations lead to the dysfunction of hepatocanalicular transporters. The further development of genetic testing (gene panels, exome sequencing) will help to tailor the treatment of patients with inherited cholestatic liver diseases.

Key Concepts

For ‘classic’ cholestatic liver diseases such as PBC and PSC or drug‐induced cholestasis, genetic risk factors have been identified, but these are not yet helpful for clinical routine.

In monogenic cholestasis syndromes, causative mutations in genes coding for hepatocanalicular transporter can be identified in many patients by gene sequencing.

Clinical phenotypes, γ‐GT and liver biopsy are helpful in the differential diagnosis of the different FIC subtypes.

ABCB4 deficiency due to variants in this gene encoding the hepatocanalicular phosphatidylcholine transporter is characterised by a broad clinical spectrum, ranging from ICP to LPAC to the severe phenotype PFIC.

Through genetics‐based diagnosis (gene panel, exome sequencing), previously unknown gene variants can be identified in individual patients with cholestatic liver diseases of unknown aetiology. However, the interpretation of the results and the functional relevance can be challenging.
Optically Inspired Nanomagnonics with Nonreciprocal Spin Waves in Synthetic Antiferromagnets
Authors: Albisetti Edoardo , Tacchi Silvia , Silvani Raffaele , Scaramuzzi Giuseppe , Finizio Simone , Wintz Sebastian , Rinaldi Christian , Cantoni Matteo , Raabe Jörg , Carlotti Giovanni , Bertacco Riccardo , Riedo Elisa , Petti Daniela 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntegrated optically inspired wave‐based processing is envisioned to outperform digital architectures in specific tasks, such as image processing and speech recognition. In this view, spin waves represent a promising route due to their nanoscale wavelength in the gigahertz frequency range and rich phenomenology. Here, a versatile, optically inspired platform using spin waves is realized, demonstrating the wavefront engineering, focusing, and robust interference of spin waves with nanoscale wavelength. In particular, magnonic nanoantennas based on tailored spin textures are used for launching spatially shaped coherent wavefronts, diffraction‐limited spin‐wave beams, and generating robust multi‐beam interference patterns, which spatially extend for several times the spin‐wave wavelength. Furthermore, it is shown that intriguing features, such as resilience to back reflection, naturally arise from the spin‐wave nonreciprocity in synthetic antiferromagnets, preserving the high quality of the interference patterns from spurious counterpropagating modes. This work represents a fundamental step toward the realization of nanoscale optically inspired devices based on spin waves.
Highly Thermoconductive, Thermostable, and Super‐Flexible Film by Engineering 1D Rigid Rod‐Like Aramid Nanofiber/2D Boron Nitride Nanosheets
Authors: Wu Kai , Wang Jiemin , Liu Dingyao , Lei Chuxin , Liu Dan , Lei Weiwei , Fu Qiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPolymer‐based thermal management materials have many irreplaceable advantages not found in metals or ceramics, such as easy processing, low density, and excellent flexibility. However, their limited thermal conductivity and unsatisfactory resistance to elevated temperatures (<200 °C) still prevent effective heat dissipation during applications with high‐temperature conditions or powerful operation. Therefore, herein highly thermoconductive and thermostable polymer nanocomposite films prepared by engineering 1D aramid nanofiber (ANF) with worm‐like microscopic morphologies into rigid rod‐like structures with 2D boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) are reported. With no coils or entanglements, the rigid polymer chain enables a well‐packed crystalline structure resulting in a 20‐fold (or greater) increase in axial thermal conductivity. Additionally, strong interfacial interactions between the weaved ANF rod and the stacked BNNS facilitate efficient heat flux through the 1D/2D configuration. Hence, unprecedented in‐plane thermal conductivities as high as 46.7 W m−1 K−1 can be achieved at only 30 wt% BNNS loading, a value of 137% greater than that of a worm‐like ANF/BNNS counterpart. Moreover, the thermally stable nanocomposite films with light weight (28.9 W m−1 K−1/103 (kg m−3)) and high strength (>100 MPa, 450 °C) enable effective thermal management for microelectrodes operating at temperatures beyond 200 °C.
Ultrasmall BiOI Quantum Dots with Efficient Renal Clearance for Enhanced Radiotherapy of Cancer
Authors: Wang Xin , Guo Zhao , Zhang Chenyang , Zhu Shuang , Li Lele , Gu Zhanjun , Zhao Yuliang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEmerging strategies involving nanomaterials with high‐atomic‐number elements have been widely developed for radiotherapy in recent years. However, the concern regarding their potential toxicity caused by long‐term body retention still limits their further application. In this regard, rapidly clearable radiosensitizers are highly desired for practical cancer treatment. Thus, in this work, ultrasmall BiOI quantum dots (QDs) with efficient renal clearance characteristic and strong permeability inside solid tumor are designed to address this issue. Additionally, considering that injection methods have great influence on the biodistribution and radiotherapeutic efficacy of radiosensitizers, two common injection methods including intratumoral injection and intravenous injection are evaluated. The results exhibit that intratumoral injection can maximize the accumulation of radiosensitizers within a tumor compared to intravenous injection and further enhance radiotherapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, the radiosensitizing effect of BiOI QDs is revealed, which is not only attributed to the radiation enhancement of high‐Z elements but also is owed to the •OH production via catalyzing overexpressed H2O2 within a tumor by BiOI QDs under X‐ray irradiation. As a result, this work proposes a treatment paradigm to employ ultrasmall radiosensitizers integrated with local intratumoral injection to realize rapid clearance and high‐efficiency radiosensitization for cancer therapy.
Ultrastrong and Highly Sensitive Fiber Microactuators Constructed by Force‐Reeled Silks
Authors: Lin Shihui , Wang Zhen , Chen Xinyan , Ren Jing , Ling Shengjie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFiber microactuators are interesting in wide variety of emerging fields, including artificial muscles, biosensors, and wearable devices. In the present study, a robust, fast‐responsive, and humidity‐induced silk fiber microactuator is developed by integrating force‐reeling and yarn‐spinning techniques. The shape gradient, together with hierarchical rough surface, allows these silk fiber microactuators to respond rapidly to humidity. The silk fiber microactuator can reach maximum rotation speed of 6179.3° s−1 in 4.8 s. Such a response speed (1030 rotations per minute) is comparable with the most advanced microactuators. Moreover, this microactuator generates 2.1 W kg−1 of average actuation power, which is twice higher than fiber actuators constructed by cocoon silks. The actuating powers of silk fiber microactuators can be precisely programmed by controlling the number of fibers used. Lastly, theory predicts the observed performance merits of silk fiber microactuators toward inspiring the rational design of water‐induced microactuators.
Quantification of palmer amaranth seed number using a computerized particle analyzer
Authors: Bertucci Matthew B. , Bartley Paul C. , Jennings Katherine M. , Monks David W. , Jackson Brian E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe evaluated the accuracy of a computerized particle analyzer (CPA) for high‐throughput counting of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) seeds and subsequently used the CPA to verify the accuracy of two subsampling methods for estimation of Palmer amaranth seed production. To determine accuracy of the CPA, 55 hand‐counted samples, ranging from 500 to 5000 Palmer amaranth seeds, were drawn from field samples and counted with the CPA. The relationship between hand and CPA seed counts was described by a linear model (R2 = 0.99) with a slope of 0.987 and a y‐intercept of 3.49. Thus, very little discrepancy exists between seed counts conducted by hand or the CPA. Additionally, two published methods for estimation of Palmer amaranth seed production were compared to the CPA and proven to be highly accurate. We conclude from these findings that the CPA offers a high‐throughput alternative for weed scientists who frequently count large quantities of seed.
High and Temperature‐Independent Dielectric Constant Dielectrics from PVDF‐Based Terpolymer and Copolymer Blends
Authors: Thuau Damien , Kallitsis Konstantinos , Ha Sara , Bargain François , Soulestin Thibaut , Pecastaings Gilles , Tencé‐Girault Sylvie , Domingues Dos Santos Fabrice , Hadziioannou Georges 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRelaxor ferroelectric polymers exhibit high k at their structural phase transition around room temperature. They are particularly attractive as gate dielectric in organic field effect transistor (OFET). Nevertheless, their applications are limited due to their low thermal stability. A polymer blend system with a high and thermally stable dielectric constant is demonstrated by mixing terpolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene‐chlorofluorethylene) P(VDF‐ter‐TrFE‐ter‐CFE) with copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) P(VDF‐co‐TrFE). PVDF‐based blends of various compositions are characterized by dielectric spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy, small and wide angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) in order to investigate the relationship between morphology and crystallization of the blend and their dielectric properties. An optimized blend of P(VDF‐ter‐TrFE‐ter‐CFE) [55/37/8] and P(VDF‐co‐TrFE) [46/54] at a ratio of 70/30 is found to exhibit a quasi‐constant dielectric constant of 40 ± 2 over a wide temperature range (20–80 °C). Furthermore, electrical characteristics of the PVDF‐blend‐based gate dielectric OFET show further thermal stability in comparison to OFET based on high‐k terpolymer P(VDF‐ter‐TrFE‐ter‐CFE) [55/37/8]. An improvement of their drain current stability by up to 60% is demonstrated at 60 °C. These findings enable broader applications of fluoropolymers in organic electronics.
Comparison of four warm‐season turfgrass species to natural rainfall or supplemental irrigation in a semiarid climate
Authors: Culpepper Travis , Young Joseph , Wherley Benjamin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIncreased urban populations and drought conditions strain municipal water supplies, often resulting in activation of water conservation plans. Supplemental irrigation can be eliminated in extreme situations, which diminishes functional and visual benefits of turfgrass landscapes. The objective of this research was to evaluate differential responses of four warm‐season turfgrasses receiving supplemental irrigation (subsurface drip) or natural rainfall only in semiarid climate. Celebration bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and Legacy buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] were sodded in 2014; Jamur Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) and Zeon Manilagrass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.] were sodded in 2016. Species were split with mowing treatments at 5 or 9 cm. Limited mowing effects on response variables led to pooling mowing heights for species. Supplemental irrigation supplied 69 and 173 mm of water from July to September in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Volumetric water content (VWC) in the upper 3.8 cm, canopy temperature, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and visual turf quality were recorded weekly. Drought stress symptoms were evident both years. Manilagrass experienced greatest drought stress, which lowered NDVI and turf quality with significant canopy temperature increase in 2017. Bermudagrass maintained lowest canopy temperature with greatest NDVI and turf quality with natural rainfall each year. Supplemental irrigation was required to lower canopy temperature and enhance NDVI and turf quality for other species. Results suggest bermudagrass maintains best functional and aesthetic quality under 123 mm rainfall. Japanese lawngrass and buffalograss improved with supplemental irrigation, but Manilagrass required supplemental irrigation to provide acceptable quality.