bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of growth variation of the red jabon tree as a potential species for reducing pollution in urban areas
Authors: Qolbi R H S , Sudrajat D J , Siregar I Z 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Red jabon (Neolamarckia macrophylla (Roxb.) Bosser) is a fast-growing tree species with potential in urban forest development. Reducing air pollution is a significant problem for communities, and the red jabon shows potential for growth and absorption. Growth evaluation of progeny testing is needed to select the optimum family for urban forest development. This study aims to analyze the growth diversity and genetic parameters of the red jabon progeny test at the Parungpanjang Forest Research Station, Bogor. The research results showed that the family factor (genetic) significantly affects the growth, such as diameter, height, and volume of red jabon trees. The heritability value at the family level is included in the high category with a range of 0.679-0.906. The greater the percentage of selection, the higher the value of genetic advance and genetic gain, but the smaller the population size and number of trees.
Tree risk and hazard assessment at UMK-Tropical Rainforest Research Centre (UMK-TRaCe), Pulau Banding, Perak, Malaysia
Authors: Syafinie N K , Raj S , Jemali N J N , Rasat M S M , Amaludin N A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The UMK-Tropical Rainforest Research Centre (UMK-TRaCe) in Pulau Banding, Perak, Malaysia, is an environmentally sensitive research facility that aims to integrate technology with nature. However, certain tree components have resulted in harm to the buildings and infrastructure within the center. This study presents a comprehensive tree risk assessment conducted at UMK-TRaCe using the standardized ISA Basic Tree Risk and Hazard Assessment Form. The assessment evaluated all 37 individual trees surrounding the facilities area comprising 19 species from 15 families, analyzing various parameters such as site factors, tree health, species proKile, load factors, tree defects, and conditions affecting the likelihood of failure and risk categorization using a standardized survey form of the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA). The results show that 24.3% of the trees (9 trees) fall under the category of potential tree risk hazard, while 43.2% (16 trees) are considered low risk. Notably, 21.6% (8 trees) are classiKied as high-risk, with Alstonia scholaris identiKied as the most hazardous and high-risk tree. These Kindings hold signiKicant importance for the management of UMK-TRaCe, as they provide valuable insights for planning and maintaining the health of trees, as well as ensuring the safety of the surrounding environment. The study recommends the implementation of a comprehensive tree risk management plan, including regular monitoring, targeted maintenance, and, if necessary, the removal or replacement of high-risk trees. By addressing tree risks, UMK-TRaCe can continue to serve as a guardian of the forest while ensuring the safety and well-being of its visitors and infrastructure.
Analysis of vegetation and associations of Amorphophallus beccarii in Tarlola Village, Batang Natal District, Mandailing Natal Regency
Authors: Rambey R , Pranoto S H , Sutomo  , Rahmawaty  , Saputra M H , Kuswanda W , Yuzammi  , Kembaren Y 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Amorphophallus is a genus of Araceae with 170 species distributed throughout the world, 25 species grow in Indonesia and 18 are endemic. Tarlola Village is one of the habitats of Amorphophallus beccarii. This research aims to analyze the distribution of Cindings and structure of A. beccarii in Tarlola Village and analyze the association of A. beccarii with other plants. The A. beccarii habitat study was carried out using the Nested method with a plot area of 1 ha and a square shape taken from the A. beccarii plot. The data taken is regional vegetation, including tree vegetation calculated on 1 ha plots, pole vegetation on 0.25 ha plots, sapling vegetation on 0.0625 ha plots, and seedling and understory vegetation calculated on 0.01 ha plots. Based on the research results, it was found that there were 30 A. beccarii individuals. The highest Important Value Index (IVI) was obtained at the understorey level with Selaginella deoderleinii 57.39%. The association results found at the lower plant level were 13 species with positive associations and 15 species with negative associations, at the seedling level there were 12 species with positive associations and 14 species with negative associations, at the sapling level there were 12 species with positive associations and 19 species with negative associations, at the pole level there were 9 species. positively associated and 15 negatively associated species, at tree level there are 14 positively associated species and 9 negatively associated species.
Molecular underpinnings of plasticity and supergene-mediated polymorphism in fire ant queens
Authors: Waugh Alex H , Catto Michael A , Arsenault Samuel V , Kay Sasha , Ross Kenneth G , Hunt Brendan G 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Characterizing molecular underpinnings of plastic traits and balanced polymorphisms represent 2 important goals of evolutionary biology. Fire ant gynes (pre-reproductive queens) provide an ideal system to study potential links between these phenomena because they exhibit both supergene-mediated polymorphism and nutritional plasticity in weight and colony-founding behaviour. Gynes with the inversion supergene haplotype are lightweight and depend on existing workers to initiate reproduction. Gynes with only the ancestral, non-inverted gene arrangement accumulate more nutrient reserves as adults and, in a distinct colony-founding behaviour, initiate reproduction without help from workers. However, when such gynes overwinter in the natal nest they develop an environmentally induced lightweight phenotype and colony-founding behaviour, similar to gynes with the inversion haplotype that have not overwintered. To evaluate the extent of shared mechanisms between plasticity and balanced polymorphism in fire ant gyne traits, we assessed whether genes with expression variation linked to overwintering plasticity may be affected by the evolutionary divergence between supergene haplotypes. To do so, we first compared transcriptional profiles of brains and ovaries from overwintered and non-overwintered gynes to identify plasticity-associated genes. These genes were enriched for metabolic and behavioural functions. Next, we compared plasticity-associated genes to those differentially expressed by supergene genotype, revealing a significant overlap of the 2 sets in ovarian tissues. We also identified sequence substitutions between supergene variants of multiple plasticity-associated genes, consistent with a scenario in which an ancestrally plastic phenotype responsive to an environmental condition became increasingly genetically regulated.
Music Licensing in the Digital Streaming Era
Authors: Priest Eric 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In just over a decade, digital streaming transformed how music is consumed and monetized. Eighty-five percent of recorded music revenue now derives from streaming. This rapid and profound change inevitably put pressure on copyright law and the music business institutions that came of age in the twentieth century, including music publishers, record companies, and performing rights organizations. This chapter outlines the current “state of play” concerning key laws, industry practices, and industry players in the U.S. music streaming ecosystem. It then discusses how the continuing evolution of the streaming music market could further transform music industry stakeholders and licensing practices.
Synchronization Licensing in the New Music Digital Ecosystem
Authors: Rosario-Richardson Lita , Simson John 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter will review the historical basis for traditional music synchronization licensing, synchronization licensing for new digital media (including blanket, compulsory, PRO, and direct licensing), and the legal underpinning for synchronization licensing (including reproduction, performance, and derivative work rights). Also discussed are the differences between musical composition and master recording synchronization licensing, including a discussion of the limited performance right for master recordings. The chapter also reviews the procedures for securing synchronization licenses, typical rates, the resultant royalty streams from synchronization licensing, types of uses (i.e., visual vocal, background vocal, opening and ending credits), best practices and other practical issues, as well as legal issues in worldwide licensing. Finally, this chapter will examine the current state of social media music licensing.
Necropoleis and Civic Funerary Culture
Authors: Wiedergut Karin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter investigates how civic societies in the Roman East dealt with their dead. As integral (though spatially separated) parts of the cities, the necropoleis served as spaces for commemoration. Necropoleis also offered prime opportunities for lasting representation of oneself and one’s family—through monuments, inscriptions, or rites at the tombsite. Topics treated include an overview of the most important types of epitaphs and their various uses, the more typical types of tomb monuments, the treatment of the dead body, and the use of the necropolis areas—from orchestrated gatherings to simply passing through. Special attention is given to the epigraphical sources, especially the pro futuro-epitaphs, and the ways in which elite and sub-elite individuals and families are represented and remembered.
Festivals and Civic Culture
Authors: Carless Unwin Naomi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Greek city during the Imperial period witnessed the endurance of the agonistic mentality and the expansion of the festival calendar. Value continued to be attached to victories in agōnes; festivals as opportunities for a city to project an image of itself also continued to be exploited, most noticeably during processional performances. But there were also distinct aspects that marked the Graeco-Roman city apart. The impact of Roman rule was highly visible, with the integration of the imperial cult into civic rituals. Civic culture during the Imperial period also saw a shift, in particular in the intensified role of benefactors. The organization and commemoration of festivals under the Roman Empire have the potential to offer insights into the carefully balanced relationship between city and benefactors in the Graeco-Roman world, and into the importance of communal celebrations as opportunities for social cohesion and interstate interaction.
The Cities of Bithynia
Authors: Fernoux Henri 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The cities of Bithynia, seen from Rome or Greece, seem to belong to a marginal world. Integrated into the imperium Romanum in 74 bc, they had a particular destiny under the empire: more than others marked institutionally by the mark of Rome (the lex Pompeia), their societies were real cultural melting pots. Epigraphic documentation helps us to understand the particularities of these societies, in particular the importance of networks. The study of interpersonal relations and associative structures allows us to draw the outline of local societies that were not necessarily constituted in fixed blocks. Remarkable literary testimonies attest to the vitality and vigour of a local political life which, moreover, benefits from undeniable economic assets. However, despite a favourable geography, the cities of the region only experienced their full economic and social development from the Severan period onwards.
Ephesos
Authors: Kirbihler François 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ephesos, one of the best-documented big cities of the Greek world, came into contact with Rome in the 2nd century bc and became the capital of the province of Asia c. 85/4 bc. After various difficult phases in the 1st century bc, the reign of Augustus marked a turning point for the city. Between Augustus and the Severan dynasty, this polis underwent a substantial urban and monumental expansion. Its demography changed as well, as native Greeks and Italian immigrants gradually merged. The leading elite families engaged in a high level of civic and euergetic activity: a high number of magistracies and individual magistrates can be identified in Imperial Ephesos, and some members of the local elite eventually joined the equestrian and senatorial aristocracies. As a major harbour city, it experienced a more marked Roman influence and control than other cities of the province.
The Cities of Lydia
Authors: Altınoluk Sencan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the identity consciousness, religious beliefs, and cultural and economic life of the cities in Lydia under Roman rule. The integration of Lydian society into the Roman Empire took considerably longer than those of the coastal regions of Asia Minor. At the same time, the inhabitants of Roman Lydia benefited from the blessings of their geography famous for its agricultural productivity. Just as their ancestors had done, they continued to produce luxury goods, such as textiles, shoes, and precious stones. Music and dance dating back to the old Lydian kingdom were also fundamental performing arts in the cultural life of Roman Imperial Lydia.
The Greek Cities in Roman Syria
Authors: Sartre Maurice 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Continuing the policy of founding cities inaugurated by the Seleucid kings in the 3rd century bc, the client kings of Rome and later the Roman emperors contributed to extending the network of poleis in Syria, Arabia, and Palestine until Late Antiquity. Despite the relative paucity of sources (absence of civic decrees, scarcity of civic careers), the surviving testimonies show that these cities behaved like those in the Aegean basin: institutions, competitions between poleis for honorific titles, euergetism. Greek was the official language of these cities (in Palmyra, Aramaic was also used) and gods coming from the Graeco-Roman world are adopted occasionally. This, however, did not prevent the survival of traditional local deities, languages, and sanctuaries, giving to the whole a certain cosmopolitanism. The Graeco-Roman style of urban setting and the numerous imported buildings (thermal baths, theatres, amphitheatres) contributed to standardize the aspect of the cities without erasing the regional originality.
The Greek Cities of Sicily
Authors: Campagna Lorenzo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The chapter presents the main aspects of the transformation process affecting the cities of Sicily since its entry into the orbit of Rome as the first province. Until the Principate, the trajectory is described by a capillary diffusion of the city through the adaptation of the model of the Hellenistic polis. However, the Augustan reorganization fuelled the beginning of profound changes marked first by a downsizing of the city as the privileged form of settlement. Only a small number of cities maintain a high standard of urban life and in all cases the development of a new monumental and epigraphic landscape shows a progressive dilution and hybridization of the original Hellenistic physiognomy. In the middle of the Imperial period, the Greek legacy appears more as the prerogative of restricted local circles than a vibrant heritage, no longer seeming to define the collective identity of the city in its outward projection.
Osteology, relationship, and feeding ecology of the theropod dinosaur Noasaurus leali, from the Late Cretaceous of North-Western Argentina
Authors: Hendrickx Christophe , Cerroni Mauricio A , Agnolín Federico L , Catalano Santiago , Ribeiro Cátia F , Delcourt Rafael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Noasaurus leali is a small (~2 m) carnivorous theropod and the nominal genus of the clade Noasauridae, one of the two radiations of abelisauroid ceratosaurs predominantly present in the Southern Hemisphere during the Mesozoic. This eponymous theropod from the Maastrichtian Lecho Formation of Salta, Argentina, is known from an incomplete skeleton of which the strongly curved manual ungual is the most peculiar element. We here provide for the first time a comprehensive description of the holotypic specimens of Noasaurus, whose phylogenetic position was explored using three independent datamatrices on theropod relationships. This species is diagnosed by several apomorphies such as a dorsal ridge in the maxillary fossa, a strongly arched quadrate, a cervical neural arch with anterior epipophyseal prongs, and a manual ungual with a subtriangular flexor fossa delimited by a V-shaped ridge. Results of the phylogenetic analyses recovered Noasaurus closely related to Velocisaurus, Masiakasaurus, and Laevisuchus, which together form a Late Cretaceous radiation of small-bodied noasaurids restricted to the Southern Hemisphere. The peculiar morphology of the lateral dentition and manual unguals suggests that Noasaurus was an opportunistic carnivore feeding on small prey items and a possible piscivore gaffing fish with its specialized hand claws.
An Innovative Approach to Navigating Microaggressions in Medical Education Settings
Authors: Morrison Nariell , Ashaye Olutunmise , Onanuga Simisola , Okechukwu Hannah , Wihba Kinan , Izzi-Engbeaya Chioma , Sam Amir H. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Problem
Microaggressions negatively affect the experiences of medical students, especially those from minoritized groups, indicating the need for heightened awareness and open dialogue. The increasing recognition of the potential harm caused by such behaviors has led to a call for educational strategies that enable medical students to identify and address microaggressions effectively. This report details an innovative approach designed to navigate the complexities of microaggressions within medical education settings.

Approach
In December 2023, 2 senior medical educators facilitated an in-person lecture, which consisted of short videos cocreated with students, interactive online surveys, and a presentation. The lecture aimed to enable third-year medical students at Imperial College School of Medicine to describe and recognize microaggressions and other forms of inappropriate behavior, understand the impact of microaggressions in medical education settings, develop problem-solving skills to challenge inappropriate behavior, and differentiate the informal and formal mechanisms to raise concerns.

Outcomes
The final data set consisted of 183 participants. Participants reported increases in confidence in identifying microaggressions (median [IQR], 4.00 [3.00-4.00] before vs 4.00 [4.00-5.00] after intervention; P < .001), understanding their potential effect on affected individuals (median [IQR], 4.00 [3.00-5.00] before vs 5.00 [4.00-5.00] after intervention; P < .001), and feeling better equipped to challenge inappropriate experienced (median [IQR], 2.00 [2.00-3.00] before vs 3.00 [2.00-4.00] after intervention; P < .001) or witnessed (median [IQR], 3.00 [2.00-3.00] before vs 4.00 [3.00-4.00] after intervention; P < .001) behaviors. They also reported increases in confidence in seeking support from their peers if they experienced (median [IQR], 4.00 [3.00-5.00] before vs 4.00 [4.00-5.00] after intervention; P < .001) or witnessed (median [IQR], 4.00 [3.00-4.00] before vs 4.00 [3.00-5.00] after intervention; P < .001) microaggressions.

Next Steps
Next steps include integrating small group workshops on microaggressions into curricula and adapting these interventions for other health care professionals.
Self-Harm as a Contributor to the Opioid Epidemic: Data From the Toxicology Investigators Consortium Registry
Authors: Weiss Stephanie T. , Li Xiaobai , Aldy Kim , Wax Paul M. , Brent Jeffrey ,   On behalf of the Toxicology Investigators Consortium
Published: December 2024

Objectives
Although considerable focus has been placed on understanding the causes of opioid drug overdoses, the intentions for such overdoses are not well characterized. We investigated the motivations behind nonfatal opioid exposures resulting in serious adverse health outcomes.

Methods
We analyzed prospectively collected data on nonfatal opioid overdoses in the multicenter Toxicology Investigators Consortium (ToxIC) Core Registry between 2014 and 2021. Included patients were age ≥11 years with serious toxicity after use of pharmaceutical and/or nonpharmaceutical opioids for whom the reasons for opioid exposure were determined. Pharmaceutical opioids were defined as United States Food and Drug Administration–approved medications. All other opioids were classified as nonpharmaceuticals.

Results
The 5250 cases meeting the criteria were 56.6% male with a median age of 36 years (IQR, 26–50). There were 2960 (56.4%) opioid misuse cases and 1456 (27.7%) self-harm attempts. Within the self-harm group, 1242 (85.3%) were suicidal, and 1187 (95.6%) of these used pharmaceutical opioids in their suicide attempt. Only 94 (4.2%) patients using nonpharmaceutical opioids did so in a suicide attempt. Pharmaceutical opioid suicide attempts as a percent of all registry cases peaked between 2015 and 2017 and fell dramatically thereafter (P = 0.005). For comparison, benzodiazepine overdoses similarly decreased (P = 0.003), whereas non-opioid analgesic or antidepressant overdoses increased.

Conclusions
A majority of serious opioid overdoses were sequelae of opioid misuse, but over a quarter were intentional self-harm attempts, primarily involving pharmaceutical opioids. Decreased prescribing of opioids and benzodiazepines after 2016–2017 may have resulted in decreased pharmaceutical opioid and benzodiazepine misuse and self-harm attempts. Similar trends were not seen for nonpharmaceutical opioids.
Preferred Language and Race Impact Code Status in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Granada Stephanie , Mayeda Michelle R. , Fowler Jessica C. , Morrison Wynne E. , Yehya Nadir 
Published: December 2024

IMPORTANCE:
Few studies have assessed the relationships between language, race, and code status in a PICU.

OBJECTIVES:
We aimed to identify whether non-English language preference (NELP) or race was associated with code status in a PICU.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:
This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of 45,143 patients admitted to the PICU between January 2013 and December 2022, excluding those with pre-PICU do not resuscitate (DNR) orders.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:
Two separate exposures were tested simultaneously (NELP and race/ethnicity) for association with the primary outcome of placement of a DNR order in the PICU (logistic regression). The secondary outcome was time to DNR order in patients in whom DNR orders were placed (Cox regression). Potential confounders were age, Pediatric Risk of Mortality III at 12 hours score, religion, admission diagnosis, and hospital length of stay before PICU admission.

RESULTS:
Patients with Spanish-preference, Arabic-preference, or other NELP had higher odds of having a DNR order placed during PICU admission relative to English-preference (all adjusted odds ratios [aORs] between 1.81 and 3.59; all p < 0.001). Among patients with a DNR, Other NELP patients had faster times to DNR (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.30–2.39; p < 0.001). Non-Hispanic Black patients consistently had lower odds of having a DNR order relative to non-Hispanic White patients (aOR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.65–0.91; p = 0.002). Results were consistent in sensitivity analyses.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:
Children with NELP had higher odds of having a new DNR order placed in the PICU, whereas non-Hispanic Black patients had lower odds. NELP may be correlated with unmeasured illness severity, thereby confounding the relationship between language and probability of DNR. However, our data support that demographic factors, such as Black race, are strong predictors of a change in code status to DNR and time to DNR.