bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of GOLD Nighttime Measurements With Total Electron Content: Preliminary Results
Authors: Cai Xuguang , Burns Alan G. , Wang Wenbin , Coster Anthea , Qian Liying , Liu Jing , Solomon Stanley C. , Eastes Richard W. , Daniell Robert E. , McClintock William E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) has been imaging the thermosphere and ionosphere since October 2018. It provides continuous measurements over a large area from its geostationary orbit. The unambiguous two‐dimensional (2‐D) maps of OI 135.6 nm radiance retrieved from GOLD after sunset are compared with the total electron content (TEC) maps measured by GPS receivers in the American sector. The OI 135.6 nm radiance observed by GOLD is an indicator of the peak electron density of the ionosphere F2 region, while the TEC is the total electron density in the column. Our comparisons show that the two data sets match each other very well in the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) morphology and its seasonal variability. Equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) are evident in GOLD nighttime OI 135.6 radiance. Corresponding depletions are shown in TEC maps, but without GOLD data as a reference, it is difficult to discern that the depletions are EPBs. In addition, both GOLD 135.6 radiance and TEC maps observed third peaks of electron density poleward of the southern EIA crests. Furthermore, both show that the ionosphere after sunset is quite dynamic and has strong day‐to‐day variability. In all, the GOLD and TEC have valuable synergy to allow us to gain a better understanding of the equatorial ionosphere.
Tectonics of the Dead Sea Fault Driving the July 2018 Seismic Swarm in the Sea of Galilee (Lake Kinneret), Israel
Authors: Haddad Antoine , Alcanie Marion , Zahradník Jiří , Lazar Michael , Antunes Verónica , Gasperini Luca , Polonia Alina , Mazzini Adriano , Lupi Matteo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNorthern Israel was struck during July 2018 by a ML4.4 earthquake followed by a seismic sequence that lasted about 30 days. This seismic sequence occurred in the center of a temporary seismic network deployed around the Sea of Galilee (Lake Kinneret). The network was installed to investigate the regional kinematics of the Dead Sea Fault, which is a major transform fault running N‐S for more than 1,000 km. The data allowed us to develop a local velocity model for the Sea of Galilee. We relocated more than 600 earthquakes and calculated 27 focal mechanisms pointing out a complex kinematic setting, possibly controlled by fluids at depth. The seismic sequence developed along a NNW‐striking direction and it is bounded to the east by the N‐striking Dead Sea fault. Hypocenter depths range between 6 and 13 km. Directions of the principal stress tensors suggest a transtentional deformation, in agreement with the overall kinematics of the region.We analyze and discuss our data set to investigate mechanisms that potentially triggered the observed seismic swarm, including exacerbated ground water pumping proposed by previous authors. We suggest that the seismic sequence is driven by the dissipation of the elastic load that accumulated in this region.
Biogeochemical Controls of Particulate Phosphorus Distribution Across the Oligotrophic Subtropical Pacific Ocean
Authors: Hashihama Fuminori , Saito Hiroaki , Shiozaki Takuhei , Ehama Makoto , Suwa Shuhei , Sugiyama Takanori , Kato Haruka , Kanda Jota , Sato Mitsuhide , Kodama Taketoshi , Yamaguchi Tamaha , Horii Sachiko , Tanita Iwao , Takino Shota , Takahashi Kazutaka , Ogawa Hiroshi , Boyd Philip W. , Furuya Ken 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe investigated basin‐wide distributions of total particulate phosphorus (TPP) and associated biogeochemical parameters in the euphotic zone (EZ) of the subtropical North and South Pacific Ocean. TPP is primarily composed of living microorganisms, and its distribution is likely controlled by nitrogen (N) supply in typical N‐limited Pacific waters as well as phosphorus (P) supply in P‐limited western North Pacific. TPP concentrations showed a vertically uniform distribution (approximately 15 nM) within the EZ at most stations, but at several northern North Pacific stations, TPP peaks (>20 nM) were observed in the lower EZ where nitrate and nitrite concentrations were high. Relationships between TPP and biogeochemical parameters indicate that a possible factor controlling TPP in the upper EZ was dinitrogen fixation and that in the lower EZ was shoaling of the nitracline. Geographical distribution of TPP was relatively uniform compared to that of phosphate, which varied from <10 nM in the western North Pacific to >100 nM in the eastern North and South Pacific. The western North Pacific was a domain characterized by lower dissolved organic P (DOP) concentrations, higher alkaline phosphatase activities, and higher particulate polyphosphate (PpolyP):TPP ratios compared to other domains. These characteristics indicated that active DOP utilization and PpolyP accumulation could play important roles in the maintenance of TPP stocks as alternatives to phosphate utilization in this distinctive domain. Our results demonstrated that TPP distributions were vertically and geographically uniform across the subtropical Pacific Ocean, concealing that TPP stocks were likely underpinned by a range of nutrient supply mechanisms.
Structural Control, Evolution, and Accumulation Rates of Massive Sulfides in the TAG Hydrothermal Field
Authors: Graber Sebastian , Petersen Sven , Yeo Isobel , Szitkar Florent , Klischies Meike , Jamieson John , Hannington Mark , Rothenbeck Marcel , Wenzlaff Emanuel , Augustin Nico , Stobbs Iain 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Trans‐Atlantic Geotraverse (TAG) hydrothermal field on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge is one of the best‐studied hydrothermal systems to date. However, high‐resolution bathymetric data obtained in 2016 by an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) reveal new information about the distribution of active and inactive hydrothermal deposits, and their relation to structural features. The discovery of previously undocumented inactive vent sites contributes to a better understanding of the accumulation rates and the resource potential of seafloor massive sulfide deposits at slow‐spreading ridges. The interpretation of ship‐based and high‐resolution AUV‐based data sets allowed for the determination of the main tectonic stress regimes that have a first‐order control on the location and distribution of past and present hydrothermal activity. The data reveal the importance of cross‐cutting lineament populations and temporal variations in the prevalent stress regime. A dozen sulfide mounds contribute to a substantial accumulation of hydrothermal material (~29 Mt). The accumulation rate of ~1,500 t/yr is comparable to those of other modern seafloor vent fields. However, our observations suggest that the TAG segment is different from many other slow‐spreading ridge segments in its tectonic complexity, which confines sulfide formation into a relatively small area and is responsible for the longevity of the hydrothermal system and substantial mineral accumulation. The inactive and weakly active mounds contain almost 10 times the amount of material as the active high‐temperature mound, providing an important indication of the global resource potential for inactive seafloor massive sulfide deposits.
The Spatiotemporal Evolution of Granular Microslip Precursors to Laboratory Earthquakes
Authors: Trugman Daniel T. , McBrearty Ian W. , Bolton David C. , Guyer Robert A. , Marone Chris , Johnson Paul A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLaboratory earthquake experiments provide important observational constraints for our understanding of earthquake physics. Here we leverage continuous waveform data from a network of piezoceramic sensors to study the spatial and temporal evolution of microslip activity during a shear experiment with synthetic fault gouge. We combine machine learning techniques with ray theoretical seismology to detect, associate, and locate tens of thousands of microslip events within the gouge layer. Microslip activity is concentrated near the center of the system but is highly variable in space and time. While microslip activity rate increases as failure approaches, the spatiotemporal evolution can differ substantially between stick‐slip cycles. These results illustrate that even within a single, well‐constrained laboratory experiment, the dynamics of earthquake nucleation can be highly complex.
MMS Observation of Secondary Magnetic Reconnection Beside Ion‐Scale Flux Rope at the Magnetopause
Authors: Dong X.‐C. , Dunlop M. W. , Wang T.‐Y. , Trattner K. J. , Russell C. T. , Giles B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUsing high‐resolution data from Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission, we report an in situ observation of a secondary reconnection electron diffusion region (EDR) beside the leading edge of an ion‐scale flux rope at the magnetopause. This reconnection EDR is characterized by strong electron current and electron jet reversal, a normal Hall electric field, unmagnetized electrons with nongyrotropic distributions, a large parallel electric field, and strong energy dissipation. The ion‐scale flux rope beside the EDR consists of a force‐free structure with diameter of only ~3 ion inertial lengths. Our observation of secondary reconnection beside the flux rope gives further evidence that flux ropes can be created and evolved in the reconnection exhaust region.
Magnetosheath Microstructure: Mirror Mode Waves and Jets during Southward IP Magnetic Field
Authors: Blanco‐Cano X. , Preisser L. , Kajdič P. , Rojas‐Castillo D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the Earth's magnetosheath plasma waves, nonlinear structures associated with characteristic ion populations can occur. Understanding the interaction of the solar wind with the magnetosphere requires a deeper knowledge of the underlying magnetosheath kinetic microstructure. We study a 45 min interval when the MMS spacecraft observed a southward magnetic field (Bz < 0 nT) in the dayside magnetosheath. Using magnetic field and plasma data, we analyze three transient dynamic pressure enhancements identified as magnetosheath jets. The characteristics of these jets are different, suggesting different origins. While two of them, called J1 and J2, exhibit large increment in velocity and almost no density increment, the third jet (J3) shows large density enhancements with almost no velocity increment. The duration of J3 is ∼7 times longer than those of J1 and J2. J3 occurs at the region where the negative Bz becomes positive. Ion distributions inside the jets are different. J1 and J2 show a secondary field‐aligned beam, which is not present in J3, suggesting that magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause is responsible for their formation. Distributions inside J3 are more isotropic. B field and plasma signatures inside J3 correspond to the crossing of a sector boundary, similar to the heliospheric plasma sheet, suggesting that J3 forms by the evolution and interaction of a solar wind structure with the bow shock and magnetosheath. Fluctuations inside J3 have larger transverse components, although they propagate at large angles to B. In contrast, waves in regions between the jets are compressive and are identified as mirror mode waves.
Properties of Plasma Waves Observed Upstream From Mars
Authors: Halekas J. S. , Ruhunusiri S. , Vaisberg O. L. , Harada Y. , Espley J. R. , Mitchell D. L. , Mazelle C. , Romanelli N. , DiBraccio G. A. , Brain D. A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe describe a new method to analyze the properties of plasma waves and apply it to observations made upstream from Mars by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission. The slow measurement cadence of most charged particle instrumentation has limited the application of analysis techniques based on correlations between particle and magnetic field measurements. We show that we can extend the frequency range of applicability for these techniques, for a subset of waves that remain nearly coherent over multiple wave periods, by subsampling velocity distribution function measurements and binning them by the wave phase. This technique enables the computation of correlations and transport ratios for plasma waves previously inaccessible to this technique at Mars. By computing the cross helicity, we find that most identified waves propagate upstream in the plasma frame. This supports the conclusions of previous studies but enables a clearer determination of the intrinsic wave mode and characteristics. The intrinsic properties of observed waves with frequencies close to the proton cyclotron frequency have little spatial variability but do have large temporal variations, likely due to seasonal changes in the hydrogen exosphere. In contrast, the predominant characteristics of waves at higher frequencies have less temporal variability but more spatial variability. We find several indications of the presence of multiple wave modes in the lower frequency wave observations, with unusual wave properties observed for propagation parallel to the magnetic field and for background magnetic fields nearly perpendicular to the solar wind flow.
On‐Fault Geological Fingerprint of Earthquake Rupture Direction
Authors: Kearse J. , Kaneko Y. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHow earthquake ruptures evolve and propagate are major outstanding questions in seismology. Our current understanding is limited to modern events captured by seismic networks, making it impossible to observe rupture propagation that occurred during earthquakes in the distant past. Here we propose a new method to discern the rupture propagation directions of past large earthquakes based on geological features preserved on fault slip planes. These features—called slickenlines—are striations formed during seismic slip and record dynamic fault movement during past surface‐breaking earthquakes. We develop a theoretical framework that links slickenline curvature with rupture mode and rupture propagation direction for all faulting types and test our model using a global catalogue of historical surface‐rupturing earthquakes with seismologically constrained rupture directions. Our results reveal that historical observations are consistent with theoretical predictions, thus providing a robust way to uncover the rupture directions of large earthquakes that lack instrumental data.
Analysis of Coupled Oceanic and Atmospheric Preconditioning for Primary Madden‐Julian Oscillation Events Across ENSO Phases
Authors: Shoup Casey G. , Roman‐Stork Heather L. , Subrahmanyam Bulusu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the dominant mode of air‐sea interaction over intraseasonal timescales. The effects of the MJO are well understood, but the initiation of the MJO remains less conclusive, particularly under El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions. Primary MJO events are those not immediately preceded by existing MJO activity of sufficient strength. As they are rare by definition, primary MJOs remain difficult to study, especially so when observations of events are scarce and of low spatiotemporal resolution. The advent of satellites allows for more expansive observations to be made more frequently than in situ methods, thus improving the observational capabilities of pre‐primary MJO conditions in the ocean and atmosphere. We examined oceanic and atmospheric intraseasonal signals preceding two primary MJO events during contrasting ENSO events in an attempt to bridge the connection between oceanic and atmospheric observations as potentially coupled trigger mechanisms. Satellite observations and model simulations of the central and western Indian Ocean show that intraseasonal peaks in absolute dynamic topography (ADT) and sea surface temperature (SST) upward of 1 to 2 weeks prior to the observed outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) minimum. Surface ocean warming moistens the near surface through anomalous surface fluxes, which destabilizes the lower atmosphere to deep convection. Low‐level moisture flux convergence (MFC) moistens the lower atmosphere prior to convective initiation, thus forcing an increase of total column moist static energy (MSE). Coupled midtropospheric cooling is observed that further destabilizes the atmosphere. Zonal shifts in contributing initiating parameters are observed during ENSO phases.
Correction: C-Peptide and leptin system in dichorionic, small and appropriate for gestational age twins—possible link to metabolic programming?
Authors: Lewandowski Krzysztof C. , Biesiada L. , Grzesiak M. , Sakowicz A. 
Published: August 2020

The original version of this Article was updated shortly after publication to correct two mistakes.Under Figure 2, “The results were recalculated accordingly: nanograms [ng] of studied protein per 100 μ” should read “The results were recalculated accordingly: picograms [pg] of studied protein per 100 μg”.
Metabolic rewiring in the promotion of cancer metastasis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications
Authors: Wei Qinyao , Qian Yun , Yu Jun , Wong Chi Chun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTumor metastasis is the major cause of mortality from cancer. Metabolic rewiring and the metastatic cascade are highly intertwined, co-operating to promote multiple steps of cancer metastasis. Metabolites generated by cancer cells influence the metastatic cascade, encompassing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), survival of cancer cells in circulation, and metastatic colonization at distant sites. A variety of molecular mechanisms underlie the prometastatic effect of tumor-derived metabolites, such as epigenetic deregulation, induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), promotion of cancer stemness, and alleviation of oxidative stress. Conversely, metastatic signaling regulates expression and activity of rate-limiting metabolic enzymes to generate prometastatic metabolites thereby reinforcing the metastasis cascade. Understanding the complex interplay between metabolism and metastasis could unravel novel molecular targets, whose intervention could lead to improvements in the treatment of cancer. In this review, we summarized the recent discoveries involving metabolism and tumor metastasis, and emphasized the promising molecular targets, with an update on the development of small molecule or biologic inhibitors against these aberrant situations in cancer.
Intracellular amorphous Ca-carbonate and magnetite biomineralization by a magnetotactic bacterium affiliated to the Alphaproteobacteria
Authors: Monteil Caroline L , Benzerara Karim , Menguy Nicolas , Bidaud Cécile C , Michot-Achdjian Emmanuel , Bolzoni Romain , Mathon François P , Coutaud Margot , Alonso Béatrice , Garau Camille , Jézéquel Didier , Viollier Eric , Ginet Nicolas , Floriani Magali , Swaraj Sufal , Sachse Martin , Busigny Vincent , Duprat Elodie , Guyot François , Lefevre Christopher T 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Bacteria synthesize a wide range of intracellular submicrometer-sized inorganic precipitates of diverse chemical compositions and structures, called biominerals. Their occurrences, functions and ultrastructures are not yet fully described despite great advances in our knowledge of microbial diversity. Here, we report bacteria inhabiting the sediments and water column of the permanently stratified ferruginous Lake Pavin, that have the peculiarity to biomineralize both intracellular magnetic particles and calcium carbonate granules. Based on an ultrastructural characterization using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and synchrotron-based scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), we showed that the calcium carbonate granules are amorphous and contained within membrane-delimited vesicles. Single-cell sorting, correlative fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular typing of populations inhabiting sediments affiliated these bacteria to a new genus of the Alphaproteobacteria. The partially assembled genome sequence of a representative isolate revealed an atypical structure of the magnetosome gene cluster while geochemical analyses indicate that calcium carbonate production is an active process that costs energy to the cell to maintain an environment suitable for their formation. This discovery further expands the diversity of organisms capable of intracellular Ca-carbonate biomineralization. If the role of such biomineralization is still unclear, cell behaviour suggests that it may participate to cell motility in aquatic habitats as magnetite biomineralization does.
Integration of postmortem amygdala expression profiling, GWAS, and functional cell culture assays: neuroticism-associated synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) gene is regulated by miR-133a and miR-218
Authors: Jurkiewicz Magdalena , Moser Dirk , Koller Antonius , Yu Lei , Chen Emily I. , Bennett David A. , Canli Turhan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent genome-wide studies have begun to identify gene variants, expression profiles, and regulators associated with neuroticism, anxiety disorders, and depression. We conducted a set of experimental cell culture studies of gene regulation by micro RNAs (miRNAs), based on genome-wide transcriptome, proteome, and miRNA expression data from twentypostmortemsamples of lateral amygdala from donors with known neuroticism scores. Using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and TargetScan, we identified a list of mRNA–protein–miRNA sets whose expression patterns were consistent with miRNA-based translational repression, as a function of trait anxiety. Here, we focused on one gene from that list, which is of particular translational significance in Psychiatry: synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) is the binding site of the anticonvulsant drug levetiracetam ((S)-α-Ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide), which has shown promise in anxiety disorder treatments. We confirmed thatSV2Ais associated with neuroticism or anxiety using an original GWAS of a community cohort (N = 1,706), and cross-referencing a published GWAS of multiple cohorts (Ns ranging from 340,569 to 390,278).Postmortemamygdala expression profiling implicated three putative regulatory miRNAs to targetSV2A: miR-133a, miR-138, and miR-218. Moving from association to experimental causal testing in cell culture, we used a luciferase assay to demonstrate that miR-133a and miR-218, but not miR-138, significantly decreased relative luciferase activity from theSV2Adual-luciferase construct. In human neuroblastoma cells, transfection with miR-133a and miR-218 reduced both endogenousSV2AmRNA and protein levels, confirming miRNA targeting of theSV2Agene. This study illustrates the utility of combiningpostmortemgene expression data with GWAS to guide experimental cell culture assays examining gene regulatory mechanisms that may contribute to complex human traits. Identifying specific molecular mechanisms of gene regulation may be useful for future clinical applications in anxiety disorders or other forms of psychopathology.