bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional atmospheric response to the Benguela Niñas
Authors: Koseki Shunya , Imbol Koungue Rodrigue Anicet 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe investigate how the atmosphere is affected by the cold sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies of the Benguela Niñas using reanalysis data and a high‐resolution atmospheric model. A composite analysis of reanalysis data based on five Benguela Niña events (5 years out of 39 years for 1979–2017) reveals that the rainfall along the Angolan coast is reduced significantly and other anomalies of precipitation are detected over the African continent and equatorial Atlantic. Those anomalies can be explained by the anomalies of vertically‐integrated moisture flux (VIMF) and its divergence and convergence. Additionally, the Namibian low‐level cloud and sea level pressure (SLP) are enhanced around the ABFZ by the Benguela Niñas. A simulation of the model forced by the cold SST anomalies of the Benguela Niñas reproduces the reduction (enhancement) of rainfall and VIMF divergent (convergent) anomaly over the Angolan coastal region (Gulf of Guinea). However, the other anomalies over the African continent are not significant. It is suggested that the effects of the Benguela Niñas are limited along southwestern coast of Africa. Composite analysis of reanalyses of rainfall anomalies associated with Benguela Niña events shows pattern over the other regions which might be induced by larger‐scale atmospheric anomaly. This large‐scale atmospheric anomaly can be linked with the South Atlantic Anticyclone and/or forced by the teleconnection from the tropical Pacific, for instance. The increment of the Namibian low‐level cloud and SLP is simulated by the numerical experiments consistently. The low‐level cloud becomes more frequent between 950 and 900 hPa and the radiative cooling by longwave radiation is reinforced during the Benguela Niñas events. In contrast, the cloud formation around 850 hPa is reduced and radiative cooling is weakened. It is indicated that this change in the cooling rate possibly induces the strengthening in the inversion layer over the cold SST anomalies.
Audit of medication allergy referrals to an allergy outpatient service at a tertiary hospital
Authors: Lee Adrian Y. S. , Hudson Pamela , Smith Anthony J. F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMedication allergy is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and proper evaluation and management by an allergy service is of paramount importance. We audited all adult medication allergy outpatient referrals received by a tertiary allergy/clinical immunology service for completeness. A 6‐month prospective audit of all medication allergy referrals was undertaken at a tertiary public hospital in South Australia. Each referral was assessed against the Australasian Society for Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA) medication allergy referral template. A total of 73 medication allergy referrals were received. There was an overall poor level of adherence to all criteria (44.7%) and general practitioner (GP) referrals were generally more detailed than internal referrals. Inadequately detailed referrals may have the knock‐on effect of inappropriate triaging of referrals. Future studies are required to identify barriers to doctors providing sufficiently detailed referrals, and investigate appropriate interventions to improve this.
Mitigating cross‐phase modulation artifacts in femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering
Authors: Würthwein Thomas , Lüpken Niklas M. , Irwin Niels , Fallnich Carsten 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn contrast to spontaneous Raman scattering, coherent Raman scattering techniques, such as femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering (FSRS), show advantages for many applications. Besides an enhanced signal strength, FSRS is free of a nonresonant background but is affected by cross‐phase modulation (XPM). The resulting artifacts in FSRS become relevant for high pulse intensities (GW/cm2‐regime) and ultrashort pulses (<2 ps), both necessary for super‐resolution experiments. As the pulse duration is a crucial parameter for XPM as well as for FSRS, we present a setup in which we adjust the pulse duration across the relevant range (0.5–3 ps), in order to investigate the XPM influence on the spectra. Furthermore, we vary the peak intensity, the temporal overlap between the interacting pulses, and the nonlinear refractive index coefficient n2 of the sample, showing that a trade‐off between all these quantities enables the measurement of unaffected FSRS spectra
An Intravagal Parathyroid Adenoma in the Poststyloid Parapharyngeal Space
Authors: Shonka David C. , Danan Deepa 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesDescribe a case of an intravagal parathyroid adenoma.CaseA 35‐year‐old male presented with symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism and non‐localizing imaging studies. Intraoperative venous sampling revealed a substantial gradient within the right internal jugular vein. Repeat imaging identified an enhancing lesion in the right parapharyngeal space at the skull base. An intravagal parathyroid adenoma was discovered intraoperatively. Microdissection of the adenoma out of the nerve allowed preservation of laryngeal function and an appropriate drop in ioPTH.ConclusionsIntraneural parathyroid adenomas are exceedingly rare. The clinical, radiologic, and histologic findings of an intravagal parathyroid adenoma in the post‐styloid parapharyngeal space are described. Laryngoscope, 131:453–456, 2021
Hydrologic control on winter dissolved oxygen mediates arsenic cycling in a small subarctic lake
Authors: Palmer Michael J. , Chételat John , Jamieson Heather E. , Richardson Murray , Amyot Marc 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe seasonal development of an ice cover is a characteristic feature of subarctic lakes, yet the biogeochemical cycling of redox sensitive elements under ice, including arsenic (As), is poorly understood. We conducted comprehensive geochemical characterization of lake waters, sediment pore waters and lake sediments over two consecutive years to develop a conceptual model of As, iron (Fe), and sulfur (S) dynamics under ice in a shallow subarctic lake (mean depth 2.0 m) impacted by more than 60 yr of As pollution from local gold mining emissions. Lake sediments were a source of As to overlying waters during both winters when oxygen was depleted from interfacial sediments through the reductive dissolution of As‐bearing Fe (oxy)hydroxides, but the influence on lake water chemistry was distinctly different between years and dependent on winter hydrology of the lake. When the lake was hydrologically disconnected from the upstream watershed, anoxia developed through the entire water column and high concentrations of As (> 100 μg L−1) and Fe (> 1000 μg L−1) were measured in lake water. During the second winter, open‐water flow persisted at the lake inlet, which replenished dissolved oxygen in the under‐ice water column, suppressed the upward migration of the Fe and SO4 redox boundaries, and limited sediment As efflux. These findings demonstrate how changing hydrology, specifically ice cover duration, and hydrological connectivity can influence the winter cycling of As, Fe, and S in shallow subarctic lakes.
Thermally Stable and Well‐Defined Pentadiene‐Derived Copolymers Prepared by Anionic Alternating Copolymerization and Subsequent Controlled Postmodification
Authors: Liu Kun , Zhang Feng , Sun Min , Xie Fengli , Ying Shuhang , Yang Zan , Zhou Congshan , Xia Jinkui , Li An 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThermally stable and well‐defined hydrocarbon polymers prepared via anionic alternating copolymerization of 1,3‐pentadiene (P monomer: trans (TP) and cis (CP) mixture) and styrene derivatives (S monomer: styrene (St) and 1,1‐diphenylethylene (DPE)) and subsequent hydrogenation and cationic cyclization modifications are reported. The TP/S/CP terpolymerization reveals that an incorporation of S‐alt‐CP sequence into the alternating chain is more favorable, while the S‐alt‐TP insertion is also possible especially under high temperature owing to their competitive energy barriers and thermodynamic properties. Then the resultant copolymers with equimolar amount of the two monomers and predominant linear units are intramolecularly cyclized with CF3SO3H, or hydrogenated with p‐toluenesulfonyl hydrazide, to afford soluble and thermally stable hydrocarbon polymers with controlled Mns and narrow ĐMs. The Tg of cylized polymer increases dramatically (ΔTg > 100 °C) on cyclization between the adjacent CC bond in the P structure and the aromatic ring of S unit through the intramolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylation. On the other hand, the Tg of hydrogenated product slightly decreases (ΔTg ≈ 10 °C) after 98% hydrogenation due to the increasing flexibility of the saturated main‐chain, while the Td increases about 60 °C due to the loss of CC bonds under oxygen atmosphere.
Cytoprotective autophagy induction by withaferin A in prostate cancer cells involves GABARAPL1
Authors: Hahm Eun‐Ryeong , Singh Shivendra V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWithaferin A (WA) is a naturally occurring steroidal lactone with proven cancer chemopreventive activity in preclinical models of different cancers including prostate adenocarcinoma. Previously we compared the RNA‐seq data from control and WA‐treated 22Rv1 human prostate cancer cells to identify mechanistic targets of this phytochemical. The Gene Ontology pathway analysis of the RNA‐seq data revealed significant upregulation of genes associated with autophagy upon WA treatment in 22Rv1 cells. In this study, we extended these findings to investigate the mechanism underlying WA‐induced autophagy. Initially, we confirmed autophagy induction by WA treatment by transmission electron microscopy using three prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, 22Rv1, and PC‐3). Fourteen common genes altered by 8‐ and 16‐hour exposure to WA were identified from human autophagy PCR array and these results were consistent with the RNA‐seq data. Two key autophagy markers (LC3BII and SQSTM1) were robustly increased in WA‐exposed LNCaP, 22Rv1, and PC‐3 cells as determined by immunoblotting, and this effect was elevated in the presence of autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 (BafA1). BafA1 treatment augmented WA's cytotoxicity and subsequently its proapoptotic potential. WA treatment induced GABARAPL1 (ATG8L) protein expression in all three cell lines and its knockdown by RNA interference attenuated WA‐mediated apoptosis. WA‐induced autophagy was not affected in the presence of an antioxidant (EUK134). Taken together, the present study reveals that WA‐mediated autophagy is cytoprotective and mediated by GABARAPL1.
Raman spectroscopic characterization of acid refluxed and surfactant‐assisted dispersed multiwalled carbon nanotubes on surface functionalized substrates
Authors: Maulik Subhodip , Sarkar Anirban , Basu Srismrita , Daniels‐Race Theda 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis communication focuses on the Raman spectroscopic characterization of a voltage‐controlled electrospray deposition (VCED) of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) dispersed from acid refluxed and SDBS (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) assisted carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersion techniques. This versatile method resulted in the direct deposition of CNT films on the surface functionalized target substrates, that is—APTES (3‐aminopropyl‐triethoxysilane) treated metal (aluminum foil), semiconducting (bare Si), and insulators (microscopy grade glass, silicon dioxide, and polymethyl methacrylate or PMMA)—used in this study. During the voltage‐controlled deposition process itself, the spray area and thickness of the MWCNT films on a substrate can be easily manipulated. In this work, CNT thin films of 40‐70 nm to 3‐7 μm were produced as a function of deposition time, with excellent packing density and surface coverage. The precise thickness control of the CNT deposits on each target substrate was achieved by meticulously calibrating the mechanics of the voltage‐controlled spray system, for example, inter‐electrode distance between the target surface and the nozzle, electric field, and flow rate of the CNT solution feed, in addition to the concentration of the CNT solution and the deposition time. These overall experimental results bode well for use of this technique in a wider range of applications where CNTs films with controlled thicknesses are required.
Characterization of rodent Sertoli cell primary cultures
Authors: Zomer Helena D. , Reddi Prabhakara P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSertoli cells play a vital role in spermatogenesis by offering physical and nutritional support to the differentiating male germ cells. They form the blood–testis barrier and secrete growth factors essential for germ cell differentiation. Sertoli cell primary cultures are critical for understanding the regulation of spermatogenesis; however, obtaining pure cultures has been a challenge. Rodent Sertoli cell isolation protocols do not rule out contamination by the interstitial or connective tissue cells. Sertoli cell‐specific markers could be helpful, but there is no consensus. Vimentin, the most commonly used marker, is not specific for Sertoli cells since its expression has been reported in peritubular myoid cells, mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells, which contaminate Sertoli cell preparations. Markers based on transcription and growth factors also have limitations. Thus, the impediment to obtaining pure Sertoli cell cultures pertains to both the method of isolation and marker usage. The aim of this review is to discuss improvements to current methods of rodent Sertoli cell primary cultures, assess the properties of prepubertal versus mature Sertoli cell cultures, and propose steps to improve cellular characterization. Potential benefits of using contemporary approaches, including lineage tracing, specific cell ablation, and RNA‐seq for obtaining Sertoli‐specific transcript markers are discussed. Evaluating the specificity and applicability of these markers at the protein level to characterize Sertoli cells in culture would be critical. This review is expected to positively impact future work using primary cultures of rodent Sertoli cells.
An optimal control model for cloud seeding in a deterministic and stochastic environment
Authors: Misra Arvind Kumar , Tripathi Amita 
Published: August 2020

SummaryTo promote artificial rain in India and other such developing countries, in this article, we have proposed and analyzed a nonlinear mathematical model for cloud seeding by considering that aerosols are introduced proportional to the density of water vapors present in the atmosphere. The model is analyzed using Lyapunov's stability theory of differential equations. To reduce the cost of cloud seeding, an optimal control strategy is designed by incorporating four control parameters. We have shown the existence and uniqueness of solution of this optimal control problem, using Pontryagins Maximum Principle. To minimize the cost in making artificial rain, the optimal control problem provides the strategy for the rate of introduction of aerosols in the atmosphere. To capture the effects of environmental noise on control strategies, the model in deterministic framework is converted into stochastic framework. In this regard, the Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman equation for stochastic control cost function has been formed. The stochastic analysis implies that the control strategy is effective in reducing the cost and increasing rainfall.
Sub‐10 nm Radiolabeled Barium Sulfate Nanoparticles as Carriers for Theranostic Applications and Targeted Alpha Therapy
Authors: Reissig Falco , Zarschler Kristof , Hübner René , Pietzsch Hans‐Jürgen , Kopka Klaus , Mamat Constantin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the team around Dr. Constantin Mamat from the Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research at the Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf (Germany). Read the full text of their Full Paper at 10.1002/open.202000126.
Surveillance imaging in pediatric ependymoma
Authors: Klawinski Darren , Indelicato Daniel J. , Hossain Jobayer , Sandler Eric 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundManagement of pediatric patients with ependymoma includes posttreatment surveillance imaging to identify asymptomatic recurrences. However, it is unclear whether early detection translates into improved survival. The objective was to determine whether detection of ependymoma relapses on surveillance imaging translates into a survival benefit.ProcedurePatients with ependymoma aged <21 years at diagnosis treated in the Nemours’ Children's Health System between January 2003 and October 2016 underwent chart review. Relapsed patients’ charts were assessed for details of initial therapy, surveillance imaging regimen, details of relapse including detection and therapy, and outcome. Median follow up of the entire cohort was 6.5 years from diagnosis and 3.5 years from relapse.ResultsNinety of 198 (45%) patients experienced relapse with 61 (68%) detected by surveillance imaging and 29 (32%) detected based on symptoms. Five‐year OS in the surveillance group was 67% (confidence interval [CI] 55–82%, SE 0.1) versus 51% (CI 35–73%, SE 0.19) in the symptoms group (P = .073). From relapse, the 3‐year OS in the surveillance group was 62% (CI 50–78%, SE 0.11) versus 55% (CI 39–76%, SE 0.17) in the symptoms group (P = .063) and the 3‐year SPFS was 45% (CI 33–61%, SE 0.16) in the surveillance group versus 32% (CI 19–55%, SE 0.27) in the symptoms group (P = .028).ConclusionSurveillance imaging may identify recurrences in patients when they are more amenable to salvage therapy, resulting in superior 3‐year SPFS, but given limited salvage options for children with recurrent ependymoma, the survival advantage of frequent surveillance imaging in asymptomatic patients remains ambiguous.
Medical radiation exposure and risk of sporadic retinoblastoma
Authors: Shakeel Omar , Pace Nelson , Chambers Tiffany M. , Scheurer Michael E. , Ganguly Arupa A. , Lupo Philip J. , Bunin Greta R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhile there is evidence that parental exposure to medical radiation is associated with increased risk of sporadic bilateral retinoblastoma in offspring, this association has not been confirmed. Additionally, the relationship between paternal and maternal exposures and sporadic unilateral retinoblastoma has not been fully investigated.ProcedureData were obtained from two large multicenter case‐control studies of retinoblastoma. For the paternal analyses, 268 bilateral cases, 155 unilateral cases, and 358 controls were included. For the maternal analyses, 298 bilateral cases, 184 unilateral cases, and 404 controls were included. Logistical regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to evaluate the associations between parental exposures to medical radiation and sporadic retinoblastoma, while adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsPaternal exposure to medical radiation was not significantly associated with sporadic bilateral retinoblastoma in offspring. However, increasing paternal exposure to gonadal radiation was associated with increased risk of unilateral retinoblastoma (P‐trend = .03). Maternal history of upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) series was associated with bilateral retinoblastoma (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1‐3.2 and OR = 6.9, 95% CI: 2.9‐16.4, respectively). However, there was no association between maternal exposure to medical radiation and unilateral retinoblastoma in offspring.ConclusionOur investigation adds to the evidence that medical radiation exposure in fathers as well as mothers prior to pregnancy may increase the risk of germline alterations leading to the development of retinoblastoma in their offspring. However, our findings could point to a more complex etiological framework for this important pediatric malignancy.
Pharmacoepidemiology of testosterone: Impact of reimbursement policy on curbing off‐label prescribing
Authors: Handelsman David J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the impact on testosterone prescribing over 3 years following the 2015 tightening of Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) criteria.DesignAnalysis of testosterone prescribing data from PBS and private (non‐PBS) sources between 2012 and 2018 covering 2015 change in PBS prescribing criteria.Main outcome measuresNew and total PBS testosterone prescriptions estimating usage by quarter analyzed by product type, patient age‐group, indication and prescriber type. Total national testosterone prescriptions (private plus PBS) was verified from an independent data supplier (IQVIA).ResultsPBS usage peaked in 2014 declining by 30% in 2017‐8 with PBS prescribing covering a fall from 97.6% by usage in 2014 to 74% in 2017‐18 of all testosterone prescribing. The tighter 2015 PBS restrictions sustained the selective reduction in GP initiation of prescriptions for middle‐aged men without pathological hypogonadism whereas specialist initiations and prescription for adult hypogonadism or pediatric/prepubertal indications were largely unaffected.ConclusionsThe tightening of PBS criteria from 1 April 2015 to curb off‐label prescribing remained effective and selective over 3 years yet total national testosterone prescribing continued with little change, reflecting a shift to private prescriptions. The continuation of off‐label testosterone prescribing for unproven indications suggests that long‐term androgen dependence is created in men without pathological hypogonadism who commence testosterone. This highlights the need to avoid prescribing testosterone to men without pathological hypogonadism in the absence of sound evidence of efficacy and safety, the latter including the little unrecognized risks of long‐term androgen dependency when trying to quit.
Confocal Laser Vibrometry
Authors: Köhnke Semjon , Ennen Malte , Schaap Iwan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith laser interferometry vibrations can be measured with picometer resolution. A prerequisite for such measurements is that the sample is optically accessible for the measurement laser. However, because MEMS sensors are increasingly designed with multiple layers and are encapsulated in silicon packages, their vibrations are often out of reach for conventional laser vibrometers. Here we show that with a smart combination of scanning microscopy and laser interferometry it is now possible to measure vibrations within encapsulated MEMS devices.
Nano or Not Nano? A Structured Approach for Identifying Nanomaterials According to the European Commission’s Definition
Authors: Mech Agnieszka , Wohlleben Wendel , Ghanem Antoine , Hodoroaba Vasile‐Dan , Weigel Stefan , Babick Frank , Brüngel Raphael , Friedrich Christoph M. , Rasmussen Kirsten , Rauscher Hubert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIdentifying nanomaterials (NMs) according to European Union legislation is challenging, as there is an enormous variety of materials, with different physico‐chemical properties. The NanoDefiner Framework and its Decision Support Flow Scheme (DSFS) allow choosing the optimal method to measure the particle size distribution by matching the material properties and the performance of the particular measurement techniques. The DSFS leads to a reliable and economic decision whether a material is an NM or not based on scientific criteria and respecting regulatory requirements. The DSFS starts beyond regulatory requirements by identifying non‐NMs by a proxy approach based on their volume‐specific surface area. In a second step, it identifies NMs. The DSFS is tested on real‐world materials and is implemented in an e‐tool. The DSFS is compared with a decision flowchart of the European Commission’s (EC) Joint Research Centre (JRC), which rigorously follows the explicit criteria of the EC NM definition with the focus on identifying NMs, and non‐NMs are identified by exclusion. The two approaches build on the same scientific basis and measurement methods, but start from opposite ends: the JRC Flowchart starts by identifying NMs, whereas the NanoDefiner Framework first identifies non‐NMs.