bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change jointly with migration ability affect future range shifts of dominant fir species in Southwest China
Authors: Liao Ziyan , Zhang Lin , Nobis Michael P. , Wu Xiaogang , Pan Kaiwen , Wang Keqing , Dakhil Mohammed A. , Du Mingxi , Xiong Qinli , Pandey Bikram , Tian Xianglin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimAs a prominent geographical distribution centre for the dark coniferous forests, mountains of Southwest China (MSWC) is experiencing an unprecedented warming trend, posing severe challenges to the survival of dominant fir (Abies) species. Although plant's migration ability is a prerequisite for its survival in changing environments, it has often been ignored in species distribution models (SDMs). This study aimed to quantify the magnitude and direction of range changes by the year 2080 for six dominant fir species, that isAbies recurvata,Abies faxoniana,Abies squamata,Abies ernestii,Abies forrestiiandAbies georgei, with an emphasis on exploring the relationship between migration ability and projected distributions.LocationThe mountains of Southwest China.MethodsWe applied the Maximum Entropy (Maxent) algorithm to calibrate ecological niche models and to project the climatically suitable areas (CSAs) of each species under two emission scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). Additionally, we delimited future species ranges by three migration scenarios (full‐, no‐ and partial‐migration scenarios).ResultsThe simulations showed the distinctive responses of the six fir species to anthropogenic climate change (ACC). By 2080, the distribution areas ofAbies recurvatawere projected to decline only in the no‐migration scenario but increase under the full‐ and partial‐migration scenarios, while the other five species were projected to decline in the majority of emission × migration scenarios. Fir species in the southern region were predicted to be more vulnerable to ACC due to the larger losses in CSAs and a stronger effect of the partial‐migration scenario on the newly colonized areas of this group. The studied species showed a simulated migration trend (northward and westward) to the interior Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau under ACC.Main conclusionsBenefits or losses for species under ACC depended on the geographical location, their ecological niches and migration abilities, which provide essential insights for a spatial conservation assessment of biodiversity hotspots in the future.
Comparative effectiveness of phosphodiesterase 3, 4, and 5 inhibitors in amelioration of high‐fat diet‐induced nonalcoholic fatty liver in rats
Authors: El‐Deen Reham M. , Heeba Gehan H. , Abdel‐latif Rania G. , Khalifa Mohamed M.A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent disease linked to insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and cytokine imbalance. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors have shown remarkable antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory potential in different disease sets including liver diseases. This study aimed to compare the ameliorative effect of different PDE inhibitors on a high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced NAFLD. Male Wistar rats were fed a HFD for 16 weeks to induce NAFLD, and then, oral treatments of a vehicle or different PDE inhibitors (pentoxifylline (50 mg/kg), cilostazol (20 mg/kg), or sildenafil (5 mg/kg)) were started in the last four weeks and given on a daily basis. Rats’ body composition and liver indices were recorded. Serum levels of liver enzymes, glucose, insulin, bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and nitric oxide were measured. Liver tissues were used for histopathological examination and detecting oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. Results showed that different PDE inhibitors exhibited different efficacy against liver injury and metabolic disorders associated with HFD‐induced NAFLD in rodents evident by different strength‐ameliorated effects on the aforementioned parameters. Compared to cilostazol and sildenafil, insulin resistance, hepatic oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers were significantly reduced by pentoxifylline treatment. Furthermore, pentoxifylline nearly completely reversed hepatocyte steatosis and exhibited superior rectifying effect on the rats’ liver status compared with other PDE inhibitors. This investigation highlighted the potential role of PDE inhibitors in NAFLD treatment. Pentoxifylline had the most remarkable ameliorative effects against NAFLD, while sildenafil was the least effective.
Contribution of GPD2/mGPDH to an alternative respiratory chain of the mitochondrial energy metabolism and the stemness in CD133‐positive HuH‐7 cells
Authors: Mikeli Maimaiti , Fujikawa Makoto , Nagahisa Kai , Yasuda Shuhei , Yamada Natsuhiko , Tanabe Tsutomu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHuH‐7 cells, derived from human hepatocarcinoma, are known to contain the CD133‐positive cancer stem cell populations. HuH‐7 cells showed higher ATP synthesis activity through the respiratory chain compared to another human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 and showed an especially higher glycerol‐3‐phosphate (G3P)‐driven ATP synthesis (G3P‐ATPase) activity. We found that the CD133‐positive HuH‐7 cells expressed high levels of GPD2 (glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase or mGPDH) and showed high G3P‐ATPase activity. Next, to elucidate the relationship between CD133 and GPD2, we inhibited downstream factors of CD133 and found that a p38 inhibitor decreased the expression of GPD2 and decreased the G3P‐ATPase activity. Furthermore, GPD2‐knockdown (GPD2‐KD) cells exhibited strong reduction of the G3P‐ATPase activity and reduction of lactic acid secretion. Finally, we validated the effect of GPD2‐KD on tumorigenicity. GPD2‐KD cells were found to show decreased anchorage‐independent cell proliferation, suggesting the linkage of G3P‐ATPase activity to the tumorigenicity of the CD133‐positive HuH‐7 cells. Inhibition of G3P‐ATPase disrupts the homeostasis of energy metabolism and blocks cancer development and progression. Our results suggest inhibitors, targeting GPD2 may be potential new anticancer agents.
Effect of low‐dose factor VIII prophylaxis therapy on bone mineral density and 25(OH) vitamin D level in children with severe haemophilia A
Authors: Gamal Andrawes Nevine , Hashem Fayek Manal , Salah El‐Din Nouran , Atef Mostafa Raguia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDecreased bone mineral density (BMD) is a significant morbidity in haemophilia. Vitamin D is important for the bone health of people with haemophilia. Regular factor VIII prophylaxis can prevent bleeding and arthropathy.AimTo determine the 25(OH) vitamin D level in severe haemophilia A patients and correlate it to their Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA). We also compared the 25(OH) vitamin D and DEXA in haemophilia A and healthy children and in haemophilia A children on prophylaxis versus on‐demand therapy.MethodsFifty severe haemophilia A patients were compared to 50 age‐matched healthy boys. Patients were recruited from the Pediatric Hematology Clinic, Ain Shams University from May 2017 to April 2018. Full medical history was taken with emphasis on frequency of bleeding episodes, duration and amplitude of pain assessed by the pain score. Weight, height, body mass index and HJHS were assessed. 25(OH) vit‐D3, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase were measured. BMD was assessed using Lunar DEXA, paediatric software.ResultsPeople with haemophilia had significantly lower 25(OH) vit‐D3 (P < .001) and DEXA z‐score (P < .001) than controls. Seventy per cent of patients were on factor VIII prophylaxis twice weekly (15U/kg/dose). Significant difference was found regarding DEXA z‐score (P = .012), 25(OH) vit‐D3 (P = .033) and HJHS (P = .022) among patients on prophylaxis and on‐demand therapy.ConclusionSevere haemophilia A patients showed significantly lower 25(OH) vit‐D3 and DEXA than controls. Hence, vitamin D deficiency should be tested in all people with haemophilia for early diagnosis and treatment. Low‐dose prophylaxis in severe haemophilia preserves BMD and increases vitamin D. Further studies are required to evaluate the effect of different prophylaxis protocols on BMD and haemophilic arthropathy.
Participation and consultation engagement strategies have complementary roles: A case study of patient and public involvement in clinical practice guideline development
Authors: Armstrong Melissa J. , Gronseth Gary S. , Gagliardi Anna R. , Mullins C. Daniel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatient and public involvement (PPI) is recommended when developing high‐quality clinical practice guidelines, but the effects of different PPI strategies are largely unstudied.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of participation and consultation strategies on guideline question development.DesignInstrumental case study design.Setting and participantsThis study used a clinical practice guideline in development by the American Academy of Neurology. A patient, two caregivers and a dementia advocate participated in the guideline development group alongside clinicians. The guideline protocol was posted for public consultation for 30 days.Interventions studiedParticipation (patient representatives on the guideline development group) and consultation (public comment, survey) PPI strategies.Main outcome measuresPublic comment responses and guideline development group meeting transcripts were analysed descriptively. Transcript quotes were compared to the conceptual model of PPI in guideline development. The effects of participation and consultation strategies within the guideline case were compared.ResultsParticipation strategies shaped discussions, set a patient‐centred scope, highlighted personal aspects of disease, affected how professionals viewed PPI, identified issues overlooked by medical professionals, and contributed to selecting patient‐relevant guideline populations and outcomes. Professionals responded to public comment more than patient representatives. Patient survey participants confirmed the priorities voiced by patient representatives on the guideline development group. Final guideline questions included populations and outcomes promoted by patient representatives despite negative feedback from professional public commenters.Discussion and conclusionsParticipation and consultation PPI strategies have different advantages. Congruence between strategies increases the strength of the patient voice. Guideline developers should prioritize using both strategies for successful PPI.
Effect of a pharmacist-led intervention on adherence among patients with a first-time prescription for a cardiovascular medicine: a randomized controlled trial in Norwegian pharmacies†
Authors: Hovland Ragnar , Bremer Sara , Frigaard Christine , Henjum Solveig , Faksvåg Per Kristian , Sæther Erik Magnus , Kristiansen Ivar Sønbø 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objective
To examine whether a pharmacist-led intervention improves medication adherence among patients who have filled a first-time prescription for a cardiovascular medicine.

Methods
Design: Unblinded randomized controlled trial. Setting: 67 Norwegian pharmacies, October 2014–June 2015. Participants: 1480 adults with a first-time prescription for a cardiovascular medicine. Intervention: Participants in the intervention group received two consultations with a pharmacist 1–2 and 3–5 weeks after filling the prescription. Participants in the control group received care according to usual practice. Main outcome measure: The primary outcome was self-reported adherence as measured by the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), at 7 and 18 weeks after filling the prescription. Adherence from baseline to week 52 was estimated using data from the Norwegian Prescription Database (NPD).

Key Findings
Data from MMAS-8 showed that 91.3% of the patients in the intervention group were adherent after 7 weeks versus 86.8% in the control group (4.5% difference, 95% CI 0.8–8.2, P = 0.017). The corresponding proportions were 88.7% versus 83.7% after 18 weeks (5.0% difference, 95% CI 0.8–9.2, P = 0.021). NPD data (n = 1294) showed no significant difference in adherence after 52 weeks (95% CI −2.0 to 7.8, P = 0.24). However, adherence among statin users (n = 182) was 66.5% in the intervention group versus 57.4% among new statin users in the general population (n = 1500) (difference 9.1%, 95% CI 1.5–16.0, P = 0.019).

Conclusion
The main outcome measure indicates that a short, structured pharmacist-led intervention may increase medication adherence for patients starting on chronic cardiovascular medication. However, these findings could not be confirmed by the NPD data analysis.
Properties of h‐Likelihood Estimators in Clustered Data
Authors: Youngjo Lee , Kim Gwangsu 
Published: December 2019

SummaryWe study properties of the maximum h‐likelihood estimators for random effects in clustered data. To define optimality in random effects predictions, several foundational concepts of statistics such as likelihood, unbiasedness, consistency, confidence distribution and the Cramer–Rao lower bound are extended. Exact probability statements about interval estimators for random effects can be made asymptotically without a prior assumption. Using the binary‐matched pair example, we illustrated that the use of random effects recover information, leading to the boon on estimating treatment effects.
A facile pathway to prepare molybdenum boride powder from molybdenum and boron carbide
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang He , Jiao Shuqiang , Chou Kuo‐Chih , Zhang Guo‐Hua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMolybdenum boride is an ideal hard and wear‐resistant material. In this study, a new method is proposed for preparing molybdenum boride, by which Mo first reacts with B4C to generate the mixture of molybdenum boride and C, and then the product is decarburized by molten Ca to generate CaC2. Pure molybdenum boride could be obtained after acid leaching to remove the by‐product CaC2. According to the experimental and thermodynamic calculation results, it is concluded that the single‐phase MoB could be successfully prepared, while Mo2B, Mo2B5, and MoB4 could not be synthesized by this method. Moreover, it was found that the particle size of finally prepared MoB is determined by particle size of raw Mo powder. The residual carbon content of the product could be decreased to 0.10 wt% after first reaction at 1673 K for 6 hours and then decarburization reaction at 1673 K for 6 hours.
Divergent effects of canonical and non‐canonical TGF‐β signalling on mixed contractile‐synthetic smooth muscle cell phenotype in human Marfan syndrome aortic root aneurysms
Authors: Pedroza Albert J. , Koyano Tiffany , Trojan Jeffrey , Rubin Adam , Palmon Itai , Jaatinen Kevin , Burdon Grayson , Chang Paul , Tashima Yasushi , Cui Jason Z. , Berry Gerry , Iosef Cristiana , Fischbein Michael P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAortic root aneurysm formation is a cardinal feature of Marfan syndrome (MFS) and likely TGF‐β driven via Smad (canonical) and ERK (non‐canonical) signalling. The current study assesses human MFS vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype, focusing on individual contributions by Smad and ERK, with Notch3 signalling identified as a novel compensatory mechanism against TGF‐β‐driven pathology. Although significant ERK activation and mixed contractile gene expression patterns were observed by traditional analysis, this did not directly correlate with the anatomic site of the aneurysm. Smooth muscle cell phenotypic changes were TGF‐β‐dependent and opposed by ERK in vitro, implicating the canonical Smad pathway. Bulk SMC RNA sequencing after ERK inhibition showed that ERK modulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and Notch signalling via Notch3 in MFS. Reversing Notch3 overexpression with siRNA demonstrated that Notch3 promotes several protective remodelling pathways, including increased SMC proliferation, decreased apoptosis and reduced matrix metalloproteinase activity, in vitro. In conclusion, in human MFS aortic SMCs: (a) ERK activation is enhanced but not specific to the site of aneurysm formation; (b) ERK opposes TGF‐β‐dependent negative effects on SMC phenotype; (c) multiple distinct SMC subtypes contribute to a ‘mixed’ contractile‐synthetic phenotype in MFS aortic aneurysm; and (d) ERK drives Notch3 overexpression, a potential pathway for tissue remodelling in response to aneurysm formation.
Histopathological kidney changes and myoglobinuria in neotropical non‐human primates attacked by dogs, Brazil
Authors: Fernandes Natália Coelho Couto de Azevedo , do Nascimento Paloma Martins , Sánchez‐Sarmiento Angélica M. , Ressio Rodrigo A. , dos Santos Cirqueira Cinthya , Kanamura Cristina Takami , de Carvalho Júlia , da Silva Silvana Mello Pereira , Peruchi Amanda Rezende , de Souza Junior Julio César , Hirano Zelinda Maria Braga , Catão‐Dias José Luiz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundNon‐human primates (NHPs) are susceptible to dogs’ attacks, events that may cause muscle damage along with stress, and could be in some extent compatible with capture myopathy, a syndrome that results in myoglobinuria and renal damage.MethodsWe aimed to evaluate by histopathology pre‐existing lesions and subsequent sequelae related to dogs’ attacks, acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and myoglobinuria, as well as the usefulness of Pearls Stain and IHC to diagnose it. Histopathology was performed in available organs, and sections of kidney submitted to Prussian blue stain and myoglobin immunohistochemistry.ResultsDuring January 2014—June 2016, 16/145 (11%) of NHPs received by Adolfo Lutz Institute, Brazil were reported as attacked by dogs. A high frequency of young and debilitated animals was found. Myoglobinuria was observed in more than half animals (9/16; 56.2%), from which (5/9; 55.5%) presented ATN.ConclusionsKidney lesions are plausible findings in NHPs attacked by dogs.
Tinkering and overruling the computer decision support system: Working strategies of telephone triage nurses who assess the urgency of callers suspected of having an acute cardiac event
Authors: Wouters Loes T. , Zwart Dorien L. , Erkelens Daphne C. , Huijsmans Marlies , Hoes Arno W. , Damoiseaux Roger A. , Rutten Frans H. , de Groot Esther 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo understand clinical reasoning and decision‐making of triage nurses during telephone conversations with callers suspected of having acute cardiac events, and support from a computer decision support system (CDSS) herewith.BackgroundIn telephone triage, nurses assess the urgency of callers’ conditions with clinical reasoning, often supported by CDSS. The use of CDSS may trigger interactional workability dilemmas.DesignQualitative study using principles of a grounded theory approach following COREQ criteria for qualitative research.MethodsAudio‐stimulated recall interviews were conducted amongst twenty‐four telephone triage nurses at nine out‐of‐hours primary care centres (OHS‐PC).ResultsTelephone triage nurses use clinical reasoning elements for urgency assessment. Typically in telephone triage, they interpret the vocal—but not worded—elements in communication (paralanguage) such as tone of voice and shortness of breath and create a mental image to compensate for lack of visual information. We confirmed that interactional workability dilemmas occur. Congruence, established when the CDSS supports the triage nurses’ decision‐making, is essential for the CDSS’ value. If congruence is absent, triage nurses may apply four working strategies: (a) tinker to make CDSS final recommendation align with their own assessment, (b) overrule the CDSS recommendation, (c) comply with the CDSS recommendation or (d) transfer responsibility to the GP.ConclusionTriage nurses who assess urgency may experience absence of congruence between the CDSS and their decision‐making. Awareness of how triage nurses reason and make decisions about urgency and what aspects influence their working strategies can help in achieving optimal triage of callers suspected of acute cardiac events at OHS‐PC.Relevance to clinical practiceTriage nurses’ reasoning and their working strategies are vital for outcome of triage decisions. Understanding these processes is essential for CDSS developers and OHS‐PC managers, who should value how triage nurses interact with the CDSS, while they have the benefit of callers in mind.
Intaglio Surface Dimension and Guide Tube Deviations of Implant Surgical Guides Influenced by Printing Layer Thickness and Angulation Setting
Authors: Dalal Nishchal , Ammoun Rami , Abdulmajeed Aous A. , Deeb George R. , Bencharit Sompop 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo measure overall intaglio dimensional and tube deviations of implant guides printed at 50 and 100 µm layer thickness at 0°, 45°, and 90° angulation using a stereolithographic (SLA) printer.Materials and MethodsA surgical implant guide design from a subject missing a maxillary right central incisor, used as the original standard tessellation language (STL) were stereolithographically fabricated at each thickness and angulation, 50 and 100 µm layer thickness at 0°, 45°, and 90° angulation (n = 10 each group). The guide was then scanned using cone beam computed tomography. The digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) scanned files were then converted to an STL format. The overall dimensional deviations of the intaglio surface and the positioning of the implant guide tube were then superimposed onto the original designed STL file using best‐fitting alignment. A t‐test and an F‐test as well as ANOVA followed by a post hoc t‐test were used to determine statistical significant differences (α = 0.05) for the intaglio surface and guide tube deviation, respectively.ResultsThe overall intaglio surface discrepancies (µm) printed at 0°, 45°, and 90° were 55.07 ± 1.36, 52.39 ± 2.09, and 61.02 ± 15.96 for 50 µm layer; and 98.38 ± 10.55, 84.47 ± 10.61, and 90.26 ± 5 for 100 µm layer with statistically significant differences for both t‐test and F‐test, p < 0.001. The maximal guide tube linear deviations (µm) printed at 0°, 45°, and 90° were 10.78 ± 3.84, 8.16 ± 3.68, and 12.57 ± 5.39 for 50 µm layer (ANOVA, p = 0.096); and 10.95 ± 5.23, 16.79 ± 4.97, and 22.63 ± 2.81 for 100 µm layer (ANOVA, p < 0.001). The maximal guide tube angular deviations (°) printed at 0°, 45°, and 90° were 1.29 ± 0.30, 0.64 ± 0.13, and 0.56 ± 0.21 for 50 µm layer (ANOVA, p < 0.001); and 1.57 ± 0.29, 0.86 ± 0.14, and 1.02 ± 0.31 for 100 µm layer (ANOVA, p = 0.034). There was a statistical difference in the deviations between 50 and 100 µm layer printing in all printed angulations except at 0° (t‐test, p = 0.05, p = 0.03, and p = 0.001 for 0°, 45°, and 90°) and linear deviations (t‐test, p < 0.001, p = 0.009, and p = 0.001 for 0°, 45°, and 90°).ConclusionPrinting at 50 µm layer reduces dimensional intaglio deviations in general and reduces tube angular deviations with different angulations of printing. However, the deviations were only ∼60 to 100 µm for the intaglio dimension deviations; and ∼0.04 to 0.26 mm and ∼0.25° to ∼2° for tube deviations.