bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extrapolation of Adult Efficacy to Pediatric Patients With Chemotherapy‐Induced Nausea and Vomiting
Authors: Momper Jeremiah D. , Heinrichs M. Tobias , Krudys Kevin , Griebel Donna , Kumar Shaun , Kim Insook , Mehrotra Nitin , Mulberg Andrew E. , Garimella Narayana , Nelson Robert , Reaman Gregory , Sinha Vikram , Yao Lynne , Zineh Issam , Burckart Gilbert , Sachs Hari , Mulugeta Yeruk 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a common treatment‐related adverse event that negatively impacts the quality of life of cancer patients. During pediatric drug development, extrapolation of efficacy from adult to pediatric populations is a pathway that can minimize the exposure of children to unnecessary clinical trials, improve efficiency, and increase the likelihood of success in obtaining a pediatric indication. The acceptability of the use of extrapolation depends on a series of evidence‐based assumptions regarding the similarity of disease, response to intervention, and exposure‐response relationships between adult and pediatric patients. This study evaluated publicly available summaries of data submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration for drugs approved for CINV to assess the feasibility of extrapolation for future development programs. Extracted data included trial design, emetogenic potential of chemotherapy, primary end points, participant enrollment criteria, and antiemetic pharmacokinetics. Adult and pediatric clinical trial designs for assessment of efficacy and safety shared key design elements. Antiemetic drugs found to be efficacious in adults were also efficacious in pediatric patients. Systemic drug concentrations at approved doses were similar for ondansetron, granisetron, and aprepitant, but an exposure‐response analysis of palonosetron in children suggested that higher palonosetron systemic exposure is necessary for the prevention of CINV in the pediatric population. For 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐3 and neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist antiemetic drugs, efficacy in adults predicts efficacy in children, supporting the extrapolation of effectiveness of an antiemetic product in children from adequate and well‐controlled studies in adult patients with CINV.
Regulation of IgE by T follicular helper cells
Authors: Gowthaman Uthaman , Chen Jennifer S. , Eisenbarth Stephanie C. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Allergies to food and environmental antigens have steeply grown to epidemic proportions. IgE antibodies are key mediators of allergic disease, including life-threatening anaphylaxis. There is now compelling evidence that one of the hallmarks of anaphylaxis-inducing IgE molecules is their high affinity for allergen, and the cellular pathway to high-affinity IgE is typically through sequential switching of IgG B cells. Further, in contrast to the previously held paradigm that a subset of CD4+ T cells called Th2 cells promotes IgE responses, recent studies suggest that T follicular helper cells are crucial for inducing anaphylactic IgE. Here we discuss recent studies that have enabled us to understand the nature, induction, and regulation of this enigmatic antibody isotype in allergic sensitization.
Rat IgG mediated circulatory cell depletion in mice requires mononuclear phagocyte system and is facilitated by complement
Authors: Sun Donglei , Sun Peng , He Shenghu , Shi Meiqing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Application of exogenous Abs targeting cell surface Ags has been widely used as an experimental approach to induce cell depletion or to inhibit receptor functionality. Moreover, Ab therapy is emerging as one of the mainstream strategies for cancer treatment. Previous studies on the mechanisms of Ab-mediated cell depletion mainly employed Abs from the same species as the research subject. However, there has been a recent trend toward using xenogeneic (cross-species) Abs to achieve cell depletion or block receptor-ligand interactions; with rat Abs used in mice being the most common approach. Considering the molecular differences in Abs from different species, the mechanism(s) of xenogeneic Ab-mediated cell depletion is likely to be different than species-matched Ab supplementation. The current work describes our efforts to identify the mechanism of rat anti-mouse Ly6G (clone: 1A8) mAb mediated depletion of mouse neutrophils. The results showed that neutrophils circulating in the blood but not those in the bone marrow are depleted, and depletion depends on mononuclear phagocyte system, especially liver Kupffer cells that efficiently capture and phagocytize targeted cells. Interestingly, whereas species-matched Ab depletion does not require complement functionality, we found that complement activation significantly facilitates cross-species neutrophil depletion. Finally, we found that some rat mAbs (anti-C5aR, anti-CD11a, anti-CD11b, and anti-VLA4) used to block cell surface receptors also induce cell depletion. Thus, our work strongly recommends controlling for cell depletion effect when using these Abs for receptor blockade purposes.
A new office‐based procedure for treatment of snoring: The S.I.Le.N.C.E. study
Authors: Friedman Michael , Gillespie M. Boyd , Shabdiz Faramarz A. , Hiltzik David H. , Meyer Ted A. , Ahn Jeffrey , Catalano Peter J. , Joseph Ninos J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveDemonstrate the safety and effectiveness of palatal foreshortening and stiffening in reducing snoring severity in nonobstructive sleep apnea (non‐OSA) patients complaining of chronic disruptive snoring.MethodsIn a US‐based 8‐center, open‐label, prospective, single‐arm cohort study, 52 consenting adults with chronic disruptive snoring (snoring impacting a patient's life and causing patient or bed partner to seek medical intervention) were treated via office‐based placement of resorbable, bidirectional, barbed suture implants into the soft palate under local anesthesia. Prior to intervention, home sleep tests (HSTs) were performed to rule out OSA and to document snoring noise level. Both subject and their bed/sleep partners (also consented) completed questionnaires including: bed/sleep partner's scored visual analog scale (VAS) for subjects' snoring severity, and subject scoring for Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Following intervention, HSTs, VAS, ESS and PSQI were repeated at 30, 90 and 180 days.ResultsMean baseline bed/sleep partner VAS was 7.81 ± 1.59. Mean postimplant VAS scores decreased significantly at each measured interval; to 5.77±2.35 (P < .001) at 30 days, 4.48 ± 1.81 (P < .001) at 90 days, and 5.40 ± 2.28 (P < .001) at 180 days. Post treatment improvements in daytime sleepiness and QOL were also observed. Two partial extrusions were reported. No further adverse events were identified.ConclusionThe current study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of the Elevoplasty procedure in reducing snoring severity over a follow‐up period of 6 months.Level of Evidence2b
Deficits in Muscle Strength and Physical Performance Influence Physical Activity in Sarcopenic Children After Liver Transplantation
Authors: Ooi Poh Hwa , Mazurak Vera C. , Siminoski Kerry , Bhargava Ravi , Yap Jason Y. K. , Gilmour Susan M. , Mager Diana R. 
Published: January 2020

Sarcopenia is a muscle disease characterized by reduced skeletal muscle mass (SMM), muscle strength, and physical performance. Reduced SMM has been identified in children after liver transplantation (LT), but no information related to muscle strength/physical performance or lifestyle factors contributing to sarcopenia is available. We hypothesized that sarcopenia, as determined by measures of SMM, muscle strength, and physical performance, is highly prevalent in children after LT and is related to poor diet quality (DQ) and physical inactivity. A cross‐sectional study in post‐LT children (n = 22) and age‐matched healthy controls (n = 47) between the ages of 6 and 18 years examining body composition (dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry and multiple skinfold), measures of muscle strength (handgrip, sit‐to‐stand, and push‐ups), physical performance (6‐minute walk test and stair climb test), diet (3‐day food intake), and physical activity (accelerometer) was conducted. Low muscle strength/physical performance and SMM (SMM z scores ≤−1.5) were defined by values 2 standard deviations below the mean values for age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Sarcopenia occurred in 36% of children who underwent LT, and they had significantly lower scores for muscle strength (sit‐to‐stand and push‐up tests) and physical performance (stair climb test) than controls (P < 0.05). Deficits in physical performance in children with sarcopenia were predominantly revealed by longer stair climbing times (P = 0.03), with no differences in other muscle tests. Low SMM, muscle strength, and physical performance were associated with a lower amount of time spent in fairly and very active physical activity, but no associations with DQ were found. Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in children after LT and is related to lower moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity. Development of effective rehabilitation strategies to treat sarcopenia are needed in post‐LT children.
Kelp Forest Zooplankton, Forage Fishes, and Juvenile Salmonids of the Northeast Pacific Nearshore
Authors: Shaffer J. Anne , Munsch Stuart H. , Cordell Jeffery R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Kelp forests are an important ecological component of temperate coastal systems that are sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance and are in decline in many locations globally. In the northeastern Pacific Ocean off the coast of Washington, USA, bull kelp Nereocystis luetkeana forests are seasonally used by juvenile salmonids and forage fishes; however, details on ecosystem functional linkages for forage fishes and salmonids are not well quantified. Using a zooplankton drop net and snorkel surveys for fishes, we sampled two bull kelp forests across multiple years. Our goal was to quantify differences in the communities of zooplankton, juvenile salmonids (Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and Coho Salmon O. kisutch), and forage fishes (Pacific Herring Clupea pallasii, Surf Smelt Hypomesus pretiosus, and Pacific Sand Lance Ammodytes hexapterus) between kelp forests and adjacent nonkelp (open-water) habitats. We tested the hypothesis that zooplankton common in the diets of surface-oriented forage fishes and juvenile salmonids would be more abundant in kelp than in open water. At the overall assemblage level of organization, kelp and open-water habitats had similarly abundant and diverse zooplankton communities. However, decapods and phytal-associated harpacticoid copepods within this assemblage (i.e., groups that are an important component of fish diets) were significantly more abundant in kelp forests than in open-water habitat. Greater presence and abundance of zooplankton, juvenile salmonids, and forage fishes in kelp forests compared to adjacent open-water habitats suggest that kelp forests are important for culturally and economically valuable forage fishes and salmonids and warrant further study to define and conserve their ecosystem function.
PET Molecular Imaging of Phosphodiesterase 10A: An Early Biomarker of Huntington's Disease Progression
Authors: Fazio Patrik , Fitzer‐Attas Cheryl J. , Mrzljak Ladislav , Bronzova Juliana , Nag Sangram , Warner John H. , Landwehrmeyer Bernhard , Al‐Tawil Nabil , Halldin Christer , Forsberg Anton , Ware Jennifer , Dilda Valentina , Wood Andrew , Sampaio Cristina , Varrone Andrea ,   for the PEARL‐HD and LONGPDE10 study collaborators
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundChanges in phosphodiesterase 10A enzyme levels may be a suitable biomarker of disease progression in Huntington's disease.ObjectivesTo evaluate phosphodiesterase 10A PET imaging as a biomarker of HD progression using the radioligand, [18F]MNI‐659.MethodsThe cross‐sectional study (NCT02061722) included 45 Huntington's disease gene‐expansion carriers stratified into four disease stages (early and late premanifest and Huntington's disease stages 1 and 2) and 45 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. The primary analysis compared striatal and pallidal phosphodiesterase 10A availability between Huntington's disease gene‐expansion carriers and healthy controls as assessed by [18F]MNI‐659 binding. We assessed changes in phosphodiesterase 10A expression using several PET methodologies and compared with previously proposed measures of Huntington's disease progression (PET imaging of D2/3 receptors and anatomical volume loss on MRI). The longitudinal follow‐up study (NCT02956148) continued evaluation of phosphodiesterase 10A availability in 35 Huntington's disease gene‐expansion carriers at a mean of 18 months from baseline of the cross‐sectional study.ResultsPrimary analyses revealed that phosphodiesterase 10A availability in caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus was significantly lower in Huntington's disease gene‐expansion carriers versus healthy controls across all stages. Striatal and pallidal phosphodiesterase 10A availability progressively declined in the premanifest stages and appeared to plateau between stages 1 and 2. The percentage decline of phosphodiesterase 10A availability measured cross‐sectionally between Huntington's disease gene‐expansion carriers and healthy controls was greater than that demonstrated by D2/3 receptor availability or volumetric changes. Annualized rates of phosphodiesterase 10A change showed a statistically significant decline between the cross‐sectional study and follow‐up.Conclusions[18F]MNI‐659 PET imaging is a biologically plausible biomarker of Huntington's disease progression that is more sensitive than the dopamine‐receptor and volumetric methods currently used. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
SCD rs41290540 single‐nucleotide polymorphism modifies miR‐498 binding and is associated with a decreased risk of coronary artery disease
Authors: Liu Zhou , Yin Xiaojian , Mai Hui , Li Guangning , Lin Zhijun , Jie Wanxin , Li Kanglan , Zhou Haihong , Wei Shouchao , Hu Li , Peng Wanjuan , Lin Jiajing , Yao Feng , Tao Hua , Xiong Xing‐dong , Li Keshen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtherosclerosis is the primary cause of coronary artery disease (CAD), and stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD) is associated with atherosclerosis. However, the associations between variants of SCD and CAD have not yet been decided.MethodsThis study analyzed SCD rs41290540 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 3′‐untranslated region for an association with a risk of CAD among the Chinese Han population. CAD patients and controls were genotyped for SNP rs41290540 in SCD by SNaPshot. The binding affinity of miR‐498 to rs41290540 was determined by a luciferase assay, and SCD expression was assessed using Western blot.ResultsA total of 969 CAD patients and 1,095 control subjects were involved in this study. The SCD rs41290540CC genotype is associated with a decreased risk of CAD compared with the AA genotype. Furthermore, the CC genotype is associated with lower serum total cholesterol (TC). Western blot analysis demonstrated that miR‐498 suppressed the expression of SCD. A luciferase assay confirmed that rs41290540 A>C variation in the SCD 3′UTR inhibits miR‐498 binding.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that the SCD rs41290540 may be associated with a decreased risk of CAD, lower serum TC, and decreased miR‐498 binding.
Different approaches to classroom environments based on teacher experience and effectiveness
Authors: Pressley Tim , Croyle Hannah , Edgar Madison 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this qualitative instrumental case study was to continue looking at the differences in classroom environments for different levels of teachers. Specifically, we wanted to focus on teacher perspectives of classroom management, relationships with students, motivating students, student risk‐taking within the classroom, and student self‐regulation. The three levels we looked at for this study included highly effective teachers, proficient teachers who have taught for more than 3 years, and new/developing teachers. The results found three major themes with differences in how teachers at each level approached classroom management, relationships with students, and student behaviors within the classroom. The student behaviors within the classroom included self‐regulation and risk‐taking. The results of this study provide researchers more information regarding the different stages of teaching, information to schools on ways to mentor teachers at each level of teaching, and information to teacher preparation programs on ways to help preservice teachers prepare for the classroom.
Synthesis of well‐defined block copolymer composed of flexible amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol) and hydrophobic liquid crystalline segments by living coordination polymerization of allene derivatives and its application to thin film with perpendicularly oriented cylindrical nanostructure
Authors: Sakai Koyuki , Nishiyama Hiroki , Inagi Shinsuke , Tomita Ikuyoshi , Hibi Yusuke , Komura Motonori , Nose Keiji , Iyoda Tomokazu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA block copolymer composed of a flexible polar poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and a less polar liquid crystalline poly(allene) segments is prepared by the living coordination polymerization of an allene derivative possessing trans‐azobenzene‐containing mesogenic substituent by the use of a π‐allylnickel macroinitiator bearing PEG segment. The thin film of the block copolymer is prepared by the spin coating of its solution onto mica or silicon wafer which proves to possess perpendicularly oriented nanocylindrical microphase separated structures as supported by the differential calorimetric, polarized optical microscopic, grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering, transmission electron microscope, and atomic force microscope measurements.
Application of binocular visual navigation technique in diaphyseal fracture reduction
Authors: Du Hailong , Hu Lei , Hao Ming , Zhang Lihai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundComputer‐assisted surgical navigation techniques have shown promise; however, currently popular systems have limitations. This paper presents the characterization and application of a binocular visual navigation technique in diaphyseal fracture reduction.MethodsA binocular visual tracker (MicronTracker) was introduced to reduce diaphyseal fractures. A transformation matrix was used to acquire the reduction parameters. A transverse diaphyseal fracture was used as a control group.ResultsPrecision tests were performed with the binocular system using a simulation femoral model with a transverse fracture 12 times. All residual deformations were compared and P < 0.01.ConclusionsThe binocular visual navigation technique produces good results with advantages of flexibility and high positional accuracy and shows promise. The MicronTracker might lead to further application in the remote navigation field.
Red meat, poultry and fish consumption and risk of diabetes: a 9 year prospective cohort study of the China Kadoorie Biobank
Authors:   on behalf of the China Kadoorie Biobank collaborative group, Du Huaidong , Guo Yu , Bennett Derrick A. , Bragg Fiona , Bian Zheng , Chadni Mahmuda , Yu Canqing , Chen Yiping , Tan Yunlong , Millwood Iona Y. , Gan Wei , Yang Ling , Yao Pang , Luo Guojin , Li Jianguo , Qin Yulu , Lv Jun , Lin Xu , Key Tim , Chen Junshi , Clarke Robert , Li Liming , Chen Zhengming 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Previous evidence linking red meat consumption with diabetes risk mainly came from western countries, with little evidence from China, where patterns of meat consumption are different. Moreover, global evidence remains inconclusive about the associations of poultry and fish consumption with diabetes. Therefore we investigated the associations of red meat, poultry and fish intake with incidence of diabetes in a Chinese population.

Methods
The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank recruited ~512,000 adults (59% women, mean age 51 years) from ten rural and urban areas across China in 2004–2008. At the baseline survey, a validated interviewer-administered laptop-based questionnaire was used to collect information on the consumption frequency of major food groups including red meat, poultry, fish, fresh fruit and several others. During ~9 years of follow-up, 14,931 incidences of new-onset diabetes were recorded among 461,036 participants who had no prior diabetes, cardiovascular diseases or cancer at baseline. Cox regression analyses were performed to calculate adjusted HRs for incident diabetes associated with red meat, poultry and fish intake.

Results
At baseline, 47.0%, 1.3% and 8.9% of participants reported a regular consumption (i.e. ≥4 days/week) of red meat, poultry and fish, respectively. After adjusting for adiposity and other potential confounders, each 50 g/day increase in red meat and fish intake was associated with 11% (HR 1.11 [95% CI 1.04, 1.20]) and 6% (HR 1.06 [95% CI 1.00, 1.13]) higher risk of incident diabetes, respectively. For both, the associations were more pronounced among men and women from urban areas, with an HR (95% CI) of 1.42 (1.15, 1.74) and 1.18 (1.03, 1.36), respectively, per 50 g/day red meat intake and 1.15 (1.02, 1.30) and 1.11 (1.01, 1.23), respectively, per 50 g/day fish intake. There was no significant association between diabetes and poultry intake, either overall (HR 0.96 [95% CI 0.83, 1.12] per 50 g/day intake) or in specific population subgroups.

Conclusions/interpretation
In Chinese adults, both red meat and fish, but not poultry, intake were positively associated with diabetes risk, particularly among urban participants. Our findings add new evidence linking red meat and fish intake with cardiometabolic diseases.

Data availability
Details of how to access the China Kadoorie Biobank data and rules of China Kadoorie Biobank data release are available from www.ckbiobank.org/site/Data+Access.
Anthropometric clothing measurements from 3D body scans
Authors: Yan Song , Wirta Johan , Kämäräinen Joni-Kristian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe propose a full processing pipeline to acquire anthropometric measurements from 3D measurements. The first stage of our pipeline is a commercial point cloud scanner. In the second stage, a pre-defined body model is fitted to the captured point cloud. We have generated one male and one female model from the SMPL library. The fitting process is based on non-rigid iterative closest point algorithm that minimizes overall energy of point distance and local stiffness energy terms. In the third stage, we measure multiple circumference paths on the fitted model surface and use a nonlinear regressor to provide the final estimates of anthropometric measurements. We scanned 194 male and 181 female subjects, and the proposed pipeline provides mean absolute errors from 2.5 to 16.0 mm depending on the anthropometric measurement.
The noneffectivity of Arslanov’s completeness criterion and related theorems
Authors: Terwijn Sebastiaan A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe discuss the (non)effectivity of Arslanov’s completeness criterion. In particular, we show that a parameterized version, similar to the recursion theorem with parameters, fails. We also discuss the effectivity of another extension of the recursion theorem, namely Visser’s ADN theorem, as well as that of a joint generalization of the ADN theorem and Arslanov’s completeness criterion.