bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of microsatellite markers for an extremely limited distributed rare diving beetle species, Acilius kishii, and a widely distributed species, Acilius japonicus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)
Authors: Kato Masaya , Nakahama Naoyuki , Izuno Ayako , Hirai Norio , Ueda Shouhei , Isagi Yuji 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAcilius kishii Nakane, 1963 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) is an endangered diving beetle species distributed in only one location, Lake Yashaga‐Ike, Honshu Island, Japan. Acilius japonicus, which is related to A. kishii, is distributed widely in northern Honshu Island and Hokkaido Island in Japan. In this study, we identified 14 microsatellite loci for A. kishii and A. japonicus, including both polymorphic and monomorphic loci, using the next‐generation sequencing method. We observed that 5 and 10 loci showed polymorphisms in 31 and 32 individuals of A. kishii and A. japonicus, respectively. The observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.00–1.00 and 0.00–0.74, respectively. These microsatellite loci could be useful for future conservation genetic studies, including monitoring of genetic diversity and extinction risk of A. kishii.
Coral reef resilience to thermal stress in the Eastern Tropical Pacific
Authors: Romero‐Torres Mauricio , Acosta Alberto , Palacio‐Castro Ana M. , Treml Eric A. , Zapata Fernando A. , Paz‐García David A. , Porter James W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCoral reefs worldwide are threatened by thermal stress caused by climate change. Especially devastating periods of coral loss frequently occur during El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events originating in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP). El Niño‐induced thermal stress is considered the primary threat to ETP coral reefs. An increase in the frequency and intensity of ENSO events predicted in the coming decades threatens a pan‐tropical collapse of coral reefs. During the 1982–1983 El Niño, most reefs in the Galapagos Islands collapsed, and many more in the region were decimated by massive coral bleaching and mortality. However, after repeated thermal stress disturbances, such as those caused by the 1997–1998 El Niño, ETP corals reefs have demonstrated regional persistence and resiliency. Using a 44 year dataset (1970–2014) of live coral cover from the ETP, we assess whether ETP reefs exhibit the same decline as seen globally for other reefs. Also, we compare the ETP live coral cover rate of change with data from the maximum Degree Heating Weeks experienced by these reefs to assess the role of thermal stress on coral reef survival. We find that during the period 1970–2014, ETP coral cover exhibited temporary reductions following major ENSO events, but no overall decline. Further, we find that ETP reef recovery patterns allow coral to persist under these El Niño‐stressed conditions, often recovering from these events in 10–15 years. Accumulative heat stress explains 31% of the overall annual rate of change of living coral cover in the ETP. This suggests that ETP coral reefs have adapted to thermal extremes to date, and may have the ability to adapt to near‐term future climate‐change thermal anomalies. These findings for ETP reef resilience may provide general insights for the future of coral reef survival and recovery elsewhere under intensifying El Niño scenarios.
Measurements of eftrenonacog alfa by 19 different combinations reagents/instrument: A single‐centre study
Authors: Sinegre Thomas , Trayaud Adeline , Tardieu Maryse , Fourneyron Virginie , Talon Laurie , Berger Marc G. , Tillier Maxence , Senectaire Stéphanie , Gembara Piotr , Barbin Anne‐Lise , Vaissade Aurélie , Lebreton Aurélien 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionRecombinant factor IX Fc fusion protein (rFIXFc) is an extended half‐life concentrate for the treatment of haemophilia B (HB). rFIXFc activity monitoring is crucial in several clinical situations. However, differences were observed between one‐stage clotting (OSC) and chromogenic assays, but not for all factor IX (FIX) concentrations.AimsTo compare rFIXFc measurements obtained using different instruments and common OSC and chromogenic asssays.MethodsFIX:C measurements were performed in rFIXFc‐spiked plasma aliquots (targeted FIX levels of 1.5, 1, 0.5, 0.2, 0.05, 0.02 and 0.01 IU/mL) and plasma samples collected from two patients with HB at various time points after rFIXFc infusion, using three instruments (STA‐R MAX, ACLTOP700 and CS2100i) and common clotting and chromogenic FIX:C assays.ResultsThe same reagent could give different FIX:C measurements when adapted to different instruments. Moreover, the same reagent/instrument combination could give different results depending of the FIX concentration. For OSC assays, only STA‐Cephascreen on STA‐R MAX and CS2100i, SynthAFax on ACLTOP 700 and Actin on CS2100i provided acceptable recoveries for all rFIXFc concentrations. The chromogenic assays ROX‐FIX and Biophen FIX:C underestimated rFIXFc for concentrations lower than 0.05 and 0.2 IU/mL, respectively.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that the same reagent adapted to different instruments could lead to different rFIXFc values. As rFIXFc under/overestimation could be associated with inappropriate treatment or biased calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters, the reagent/instrument combination used by haemostasis laboratories should be considered and regularly evaluated by external quality assessment programmes.
Rare genetic variants in systemic autoimmunity
Authors: Jiang Simon H , Stanley Maurice , Vinuesa Carola G 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAutoimmune disease is a substantial cause of morbidity and is strongly influenced by genetic risk. Extensive efforts have characterized the overall genetic basis of many autoimmune diseases, typically by investigation of common variants. While these common variants have modest effects and may cumulatively predispose to disease, it is also increasingly apparent that rare variants have significantly greater effect on phenotype and are likely to contribute to autoimmune disease. Recent advances have illustrated the next fundamental step in elucidating the genetic basis of autoimmunity, moving beyond association to demonstrate the functional consequences of these variants.
Applicability of the post‐traumatic stress disorder gate criterion in people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities: Do additional adverse events impact current symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in people with intellectual disabilities?
Authors: Rittmannsberger Doris , Weber Germain , Lueger‐Schuster Brigitte 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiagnostic manuals provide a strict definition of the PTSD gate criterion. Research on the adequacy of this definition in people with intellectual disabilities is lacking. This study aims to test the adequacy of the gate criterion for this population.MethodFourty nine adults with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities and 43 caregivers were questioned. Traumatic events included in the gate criterion definition and adverse events going beyond it were assessed. It was tested whether adverse events affect symptoms of PTSD additionally to traumatic events.ResultsThe current data showed ambiguous findings in self‐ and informant report. Informant data suggested an additional impact of adverse events on PTSD symptoms. Self‐report data suggested the contrary.ConclusionAdverse events seem to have an impact on externalizing behavioural symptoms, such as hyperarousal. Self‐report assessment of more specific, intrapsychic PTSD symptoms, such as intrusions and avoidance, should be addressed in future studies.
Impact of previous left atrial ablation procedures on the mechanism of left atrial flutter: A single‐centre experience
Authors: Siebermair Johannes , Kochhäuser Simon , Kupusovic Jana , Köhler Miriam I. , Pesch Elena , Vonderlin Nadine , Kaya Elif , Janosi Rolf A. , Rassaf Tienush , Wakili Reza 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionLeft atrial flutter predominantly occurs after surgical or ablation procedures but this entity has also been recently reported in individuals without previous interventions. The use of high‐density electroanatomical mapping‐systems (HDM) has improved the understanding of underlying mechanisms beyond entrainment maneuvers and substrate analyses. We aimed to evaluate the mechanism of left atrial (LA) flutters in preablated vs ablation‐naïve individuals and sought to assess the efficacy of empiric ablations sets in these groups.Methods and resultsWe included 55 patients admitted for ablation of LA flutter between July 2017 and August 2019. On the basis of HDM analyses the arrhythmia mechanism was determined with consecutive ablation targeting the suspected critical isthmus.Mean age was 69.8 ± 10.7 years, with 26 of 55 (47.3%) male patients. Thirty‐nine (71%) patients had previously undergone LA ablation. Arrhythmia mechanisms differed between preablated and ablation‐naïve patients as anatomical structure‐related LA flutters (perimitral, roof‐dependent, within‐pulmonary veins) were more frequent in the preablated cohort compared to ablation‐naïve individuals (74.4% vs 43.8%; P = .03). In ablation‐naïve patients, most flutters (9 of 16, 56.3%) were related to low‐voltage areas at the anterior/posterior wall. Acute termination rates were high (>90%) in both groups. Empirical mitral isthmus or roof lines showed a potential higher success rate in preablated patients.ConclusionWe identified different mechanisms of LA flutters in preablated vs ablation‐naïve patients. In ablation‐naïve patients, most tachycardias involved low‐voltage areas rather than anatomical structures. Using HDM, acute success rates were high. Hypothetical linear ablations were less successful in ablation‐naïve individuals, further highlighting the need to identify the specific individual tachycardia mechanism in these patients.
Sex differences in scores on standardized measures of autism symptoms: a multisite integrative data analysis
Authors: Kaat Aaron J. , Shui Amy M. , Ghods Sheila S. , Farmer Cristan A. , Esler Amy N. , Thurm Audrey , Georgiades Stelios , Kanne Stephen M. , Lord Catherine , Kim Young Shin , Bishop Somer L. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundConcerns have been raised that scores on standard measures of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms may differ as a function of sex. However, these findings are hindered by small female samples studied thus far. The current study evaluated if, after accounting for age, IQ, and language level, sex affects ASD severity estimates from diagnostic measures among children with ASD.MethodsData were obtained from eight sources comprising 27 sites. Linear mixed‐effects models, including a random effect for site, were fit for 10 outcomes (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule [ADOS] domain‐level calibrated severity scores, Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised [ADI‐R] raw scores by age‐based algorithm, and raw scores from the two indices on the Social Responsiveness Scale [SRS]). Sex was added to the models after controlling for age, NVIQ, and an indicator for language level.ResultsSex significantly improved model fit for half of the outcomes, but least square mean differences were generally negligible (effect sizes [ES] < 0.20), increasing to small to moderate in adolescence (ES < 0.40). Boys received more severe RRB scores than girls on both the ADOS and ADI‐R (age 4 + algorithm), and girls received more severe scores than boys on both SRS indices, which emerged in adolescence.ConclusionsThis study combined several available databases to create the largest sample of girls with ASD diagnoses. We found minimal differences due to sex beyond other known influences on ASD severity indicators. This may suggest that, among children who ultimately receive a clinical ASD diagnosis, severity estimates do not systematically differ to such an extent that sex‐specific scoring procedures would be necessary. However, given the limitations inherent in clinically ascertained samples, future research must address questions about systematic sex differences among children or adults who do not receive clinical diagnoses of ASD. Moreover, while the current study helps resolve questions about widely used diagnostic instruments, we could not address sex differences in phenotypic aspects outside of these scores.
Neuronal volume of the hippocampal regions in ageing
Authors: Delgado‐González José Carlos , de la Rosa‐Prieto Carlos , Tarruella‐Hernández Diana Lucía , Vallejo‐Calcerrada Nuria , Cebada‐Sánchez Sandra , Insausti Ricardo , Artacho‐Pérula Emilio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe hippocampal formation (HF) has an important role in different human capacities, such as memory processing and emotional expression. Both extensive changes and limited variations of its components can cause clinically expressed dysfunctions. Although there remains no effective treatment for diseases caused by pathological changes in this brain region, detection of these changes, even minimally, could allow us to develop early interventions and establish corrective measures. This study analysed the neuronal islands of layer II of the entorhinal cortex (EC), the neuronal clumps of the external principal layer of the presubiculum (PrS) and the dentate granule cells of the dentate gyrus (DG), which represent the prominent structural regions within the HF circuit. Subjects from two age groups (younger or older than 65 years) were studied and their neuronal size assessed by the point‐sampled intercepts stereological method. The quantitative estimate was a volume of roughly 8,500 µm3 for EC layer II neurons, and DG granule neurons and presubicular neurons were five and 10 times smaller, respectively. The older age group showed a increase of 2%, 18% and 28% with respect to the younger group in the PrS, DG and EC regions, respectively. None of these regions showed interhemispheric differences. This quantitative estimation is relevant because the observed variance in the estimates suggests that biological variation is the main contributory factor, with intercepts and measurements having a smaller impact. Therefore, we suggest that age has a limited influence on neuronal volume variation in these HF regions, which needs to be compared with similar measurements in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s.
Comparative growth in the olfactory system of the developing chick with considerations for evolutionary studies
Authors: Hogan Aneila V. C. , Watanabe Akinobu , Balanoff Amy M. , Bever Gabriel S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite the long‐held assumption that olfaction plays a relatively minor role in the behavioral ecology of birds, crown‐group avians exhibit marked phylogenetic variation in the size and form of the olfactory apparatus. As part of a larger effort to better understand the role of olfaction and olfactory tissues in the evolution and development of the avian skull, we present the first quantitative analysis of ontogenetic scaling between olfactory features [olfactory bulbs (OBs) and olfactory turbinates] and neighboring structures (cerebrum, total brain, respiratory turbinates) based on the model organism Gallus gallus. The OB develops under the predictions of a concerted evolutionary model with rapid early growth that is quickly overcome by the longer, sustained growth of the larger cerebrum. A similar pattern is found in the nasal cavity where the morphologically simple (non‐scrolled) olfactory turbinates appear and mature early, with extended growth characterizing the larger and scrolled respiratory turbinates. Pairwise regressions largely recover allometric relationships among the examined structures, with a notable exception being the isometric trajectory of the OB and olfactory turbinate. Their parallel growth suggests a unique regulatory pathway that is likely driven by the morphogenesis of the olfactory nerve, which serves as a structural bridge between the two features. Still, isometry was not necessarily expected given that the olfactory epithelium covers more than just the turbinate. These data illuminate a number of evolutionary hypotheses that, moving forward, should inform tradeoffs and constraints between the olfactory and neighboring systems in the avian head.
Two‐stage surgical treatment of giant congenital melanocytic nevus around the auricle
Authors: Dong Weiwei , Song Yupeng , Jiang Haiyue , Pan Bo , He Leren , Yang Qinghua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study presents the results of complete excision of giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMN) on the auricle, forehead, or periorbital area combined with tissue expansion, and skin graft transplantation performed in two stages based on 10 years of experience.AimsTo solve the giant congenital melanocytic nevi on the auricle, forehead, or periorbital area with two‐stage operation.Patients/MethodsA total of 21 patients with GCMN were included in this study. The operation combined tissue expander and skin graft transplantation.ResultAll GCMNs were successfully and completely excised. No patient in the study group had experienced skin contraction or auricular deformation at 3 years after treatment.ConclusionTwo‐stage operation is effective for removing GCMN on the auricle or face and can achieve good oncological and cosmetic results.
Gender‐related differences in the facial aging of Caucasian French subjects and their relations with perceived ages and tiredness
Authors: Flament Frederic , Belkebla Soraya , Adam Anne‐Sophie , Abric Aurelie , Amar David 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectives(a) To assess and compare the changes in five facial signs with age between genders of Caucasian subjects and (b) to evaluate their links with perceived ages and tiredness.Material and MethodsOnce zoomed from standardized digital photographs, five facial signs of 518 Caucasian French subjects of both genders and different ages (18‐69 years) were graded by 15 experts, using a referential Skin Aging Atlas. A large naïve panel of 1000 French subjects (500 men and 500 women) was asked to attribute a perceived age and a degree of tiredness to 200 subjects (among the 518).ResultsThe severity of the facial signs increases with time at a linear‐like rate. The changes in marionette lines significantly differ between genders, much more pronounced in women, and nasolabial fold was found more pronounced in men at older ages (>50 years). Before 50's, Forehead wrinkles present a slightly higher severity in men whereas at 50's women present more severe ptosis. Crow's feet wrinkles did not show significant changes. Perceived ages were found significantly correlated with the severities of the facial signs and the perception of tiredness was associated with perceived ages in men, but not in women older than 40 years. The gender‐related perceptions from the naïve panel in both perceived ages and tiredness showed a low discrepancy. Interestingly, as for changes in facial signs, the upper‐half face seems more affected for men and lower‐half face for women; after 40 years, the naïve panel seems more focusing on the same areas to predict a perceived age.ConclusionAs compared to the previous Chinese study, the present work reveals some slight ethnical‐related differences, indicating that the facial signs of the lower face play a major role in the assessment of perceived age of both genders from different ethnicity.
Effect of replacing conventional feeds with tropical agricultural by‐products on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and ruminal microbiota of water buffaloes
Authors: Huang Jinhua , Wu Tingting , Sun Xuezhao , Zou Caixia , Yang Yingbai , Cao Yanhong , Yang Yunyan , Wasim Iqbal Muhammad , Lin Bo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of replacing corn grain, soybean meal and wheat bran with tropical agricultural by‐products, such as palm kernel cake (PKC), cassava residue and dried distiller's grain with solubles (DDGS), on the dry matter intake (DMI), growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, ruminal short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) and ruminal microbial communities of water buffaloes. Thirty healthy 15‐month‐old crossbred water buffaloes with a similar initial body weight of 353.1 ± 23.7 kg were randomly allocated into three dietary experimental groups, and they were fed with same forage but three different concentrates for 50 days fattening. The dietary treatments were as following: typical concentrate (TC, 65% corn + 15% wheat bran + 15% soybean meal), partial replacement concentrate Ⅰ (PRC I, 50% corn + 22.5% corn gluten + 22.5% PKC) and partial replacement concentrate Ⅱ (PRC II, 50% corn + 22.5% cassava residue + 22.5% DDGS). The results showed that the average daily gain of the PRC II group was the highest, and the DMI, acid detergent fibre digestibility and neutral detergent fibre digestibility value of the three groups were different and in the following order: PRC II group > TC group > PRC I group. The crude protein digestibility of PRC II was higher than that of the TC and PRC I groups (p < .05). The ruminal concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, propionate and butyrate of TC group were higher than the other two groups (p < .05). The PRC I group had the highest Bacteroidetes‐to‐Firmicutes ratio (B/F) and relative abundance of the genus Prevotella, while the PRC II group had the lowest B/F and relative abundance of Prevotella. In conclusion, using PKC and corn gluten to completely replace common feed ingredients in the buffalo concentrate ration decreased, while using cassava residue and DDGS increased animal growth performance, mainly due to the different combination influenced nutrient digestibility and ruminal microbial community composition was shifted.
Recent warming of Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia: Implications for one of the world’s most productive inland fisheries
Authors: Daly Kensey , Ahmad Shahryar K. , Bonnema Matthew , Beveridge Claire , Hossain Faisal , Nijssen Bart , Holtgrieve Gordon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTonle Sap Lake in Cambodia is arguably the world's most productive freshwater ecosystems, as well as the dominant source of animal protein for the country. The rapid rise of hydropower schemes, deforestation, land development and climate change impacts in the Mekong River Basin, however, now represent serious concerns in regard to Tonle Sap Lake's ecological health and its role in future food security. To this end, the present study identifies significant recent warming of lake temperature and discusses how each of these anthropogenic perturbations in Tonle Sap's floodplain and the Mekong River Basin may be influencing this trend. The lake's dry season monthly average temperature increased by 0.03°C/year between 1988 and 2018, being largely in synchrony with warming trends of the local air temperature and upstream rivers. The impacts of deforestation and agriculture development in the lake's floodplain also exhibited a high correlation with an increased number of warm days observed in the lake, particularly in its southeast region (agriculture R2 = .61; deforestation R2 = .39). A total of 79 dams, resulting in 72 km3 of volumetric water capacity, were constructed between 2003 and 2018 in the Mekong River Basin. This dam development coincided with a decreasing trend in the number of dry season warm days per year in the lower Mekong River, while Tonle Sap Lake's number of dry season warm days continued to increase during this same period. The present study revealed that Tonle Sap Lake's temperature trends are highly influenced by temperature trends in the local climate, agriculture development and deforestation of the lake's watershed. Although there were no noticeable impacts observed from upstream dam development in the Mekong River Basin, local‐to‐regional agricultural and land management of the lake's watershed appear to be effective strategies for maintaining a stable thermal regime in the lake in order to facilitate maximum ecosystem health.