bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PCSK9 in African Americans and Caucasians in Relation to Lp(a) Level, Apo(a) Size and Heritability
Authors: Enkhmaa Byambaa , Kim Kyoungmi , Zhang Wei , Prakash Nishant , Truax Kevin , Anuurad Erdembileg , Berglund Lars 
Published: June 2020

AbstractContextInhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) reduces lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels, but the association of PCSK9 with Lp(a) level and its major determinant, apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] size, is not fully understood.ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between PCSK9, Lp(a) level, apo(a) size, age, and ethnicity/race.DesignCross-sectionalSettingGeneral populationParticipantsHealthy African Americans and Caucasians (n = 267); age range: 6 to 74 years.InterventionsNone.Main outcome measure(s)PCSK9 levels, apo(a) isoform and LPA allele sizes, and isoform-specific Lp(a) levels.ResultsPlasma PCSK9 levels were significantly higher in African Americans vs Caucasians, in females vs males, and in adults vs children. PCSK9 levels were not associated with total plasma Lp(a) levels either in all participants or in ethnicity-specific analyses. However, PCSK9 levels were significantly positively associated with isoform-specific Lp(a) levels carried by the larger apo(a) size in all participants (r = 0.139, P = 0.0361). In ethnicity/race analyses, a significant association was seen for African Americans (r = 0.268, P = 0.0199), but not for Caucasians. In contrast, there were no significant associations of PCSK9 with isoform-specific Lp(a) levels for the smaller apo(a) sizes in all participants nor in ethnic-specific analyses. Furthermore, heritability (h2) analyses revealed a significant heritability for PCSK9 level in both ethnic groups, with a higher estimate in Caucasians than in African Americans (47% vs 22%, respectively).ConclusionsAmong African Americans, but not Caucasians, PCSK9 levels were associated with isoform-specific Lp(a) levels carried on larger, but not smaller, apo(a) sizes. The findings illustrate a diverging relationship of PCSK9 with isoform-specific Lp(a) levels across ethnicity.
“Supreme Simplicity”: Reading the Child and Childlike Reading in Henry James's What Maisie Knew
Authors: Kruger Katherine 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
By foregrounding the difficulties with reading the child, Henry James's What Maisie Knew reconfigures the relationship between simplicity, transparency, and opacity to create reparative “styles of knowing” in the novel. This article proposes that the difficulty with reading the child is tied to the child as reader; childlike reading in James uses style as an entry point through which to join in with lies, to repair them by making them performatively true. The author suggests that by analyzing texts that challenge the “supreme simplicity” of childhood and expose transparency as a strategy for obfuscation, we can develop a new practice of reading that is capable of interpreting performances of transparency, performances that currently work to deflect suspicious modes of interpretation. This article demonstrates how James's development of a childlike reading practice, which is founded in and embraces interpretative struggle, can provide possible ways forward in this regard.
Transposable elements, circular RNAs and mitochondrial transcription in age-related genomic regulation
Authors: Bravo Juan I. , Nozownik Séverine , Danthi Prakroothi S. , Benayoun Bérénice A. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Our understanding of the molecular regulation of aging and age-related diseases is still in its infancy, requiring in-depth characterization of the molecular landscape shaping these complex phenotypes. Emerging classes of molecules with promise as aging modulators include transposable elements, circRNAs and the mitochondrial transcriptome. Analytical complexity means that these molecules are often overlooked, even though they exhibit strong associations with aging and, in some cases, may directly contribute to its progress. Here, we review the links between these novel factors and age-related phenotypes, and we suggest tools that can be easily incorporated into existing pipelines to better understand the aging process.
Left–right breast asymmetry and risk of screen-detected and interval cancers in a large population-based screening population
Authors: Hudson Sue M , Wilkinson Louise S , De Stavola Bianca L , dos-Santos-Silva Isabel 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
To assess the associations between automated volumetric estimates of mammographic asymmetry and breast cancers detected at the same (“contemporaneous”) screen, at subsequent screens, or in between (interval cancers).

Methods:
Automated measurements from mammographic images (N = 79,731) were used to estimate absolute asymmetry in breast volume (BV) and dense volume (DV) in a large ethnically diverse population of attendees of a UK breast screening programme. Logistic regression models were fitted to assess asymmetry associations with the odds of a breast cancer detected at contemporaneous screen (767 cases), adjusted for relevant confounders.
Nested case–control investigations were designed to examine associations between asymmetry and the odds of: (a) interval cancer (numbers of cases/age-matched controls: 153/646) and (b) subsequent screen-detected cancer (345/1438), via conditional logistic regression.

Results:
DV, but not BV, asymmetry was positively associated with the odds of contemporaneous breast cancer (P-for-linear-trend (Pt) = 0.018). This association was stronger for first (prevalent) screens (Pt = 0.012). Both DV and BV asymmetry were positively associated with the odds of an interval cancer diagnosis (Pt = 0.060 and 0.030, respectively). Neither BV nor DV asymmetry were associated with the odds of having a subsequent screen-detected cancer.

Conclusions:
Increased DV asymmetry was associated with the risk of a breast cancer diagnosis at a contemporaneous screen or as an interval cancer. BV asymmetry was positively associated with the risk of an interval cancer diagnosis.

Advances in knowledge:
The findings suggest that DV and BV asymmetry may provide additional signals for detecting contemporaneous cancers and assessing the likelihood of interval cancers in population-based screening programmes.
Influence of delivery mode on maternal mental status one month after delivery at a perinatal center in Japan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Suzuki Shunji 
Published: June 2020

Background: Maternal mental status has been thought to be affected by the delivery modes. We examined the influence of delivery modes on the mental status of women who delivered at our institute in Japan. Methods: Data were collected from the medical charts of 645 primiparous women without a history of mental disorders who delivered singleton babies and underwent a 1-month postpartum check-up at our institute from September 2018 to June 2019. The maternal mental status was examined based on the scores of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Mother-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS). Results: The rate of high scores of the EPDS and the MIBS in women choosing elective cesarean section were higher than in women with vaginal delivery and emergency cesarean section. Conclusion: Mental health care may be necessary for women choosing elective cesarean section.
Políticas públicas, grandes datos, teoría de redes y COVID-19
Authors: Isaza Villamizar Emiliano , González-Casabianca Felipe , Herrera Santiago , Rodríguez-Barraquer Tomás , Ángel Andrés , Corredor Vladimir , Feged-Rivadeneira Alejandro 
Published: June 2020

La tecnología aplicada al uso de grandes datos ha sido una herramienta importante para proveer información necesaria para dar respuestas a los retos de salud pública ante la pandemia de COVID-19, y en Colombia no ha sido la excepción. En este documento se analizan dos insumos de analítica de datos (rastreo digital de contactos y análisis agregado de movilidad, ambos basados en datos de telefonía celular) sobre los cuales se han tomado medidas de salud púbica en el país latinoamericano como, por ejemplo, determinar zonas de control diferencial dentro de una ciudad, el rastreo de contactos, y la identificación de potenciales superdispersores. Con base en una muestra de los datos utilizados, se hace una reflexión a la luz de los hallazgos reportados hasta el momento, especialmente desde una perspectiva de redes complejas de contactos y superdispersores, las cuales se ha mostrado tienen un papel crítico en el comportamiento de la epidemia. Los análisis expuestos son parte de una compleja interacción entre el contexto político y epidemiológico que hacen diversas sus respectivas implementaciones. Por último, se resalta que Colombia cuenta con diversos ejemplos de políticas públicas informadas por datos de última generación.
Rectus-sparing approach to the periacetabular osteotomy in adolescents preserves hip flexion strength
Authors: Podeszwa David A. , Tulchin-Francis Kirsten , De La Rocha Adriana , Collins DeRaan , Sucato Daniel J. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose The classic periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) approach can result in hip flexor weakness in adolescents. The rectus-sparing approach (PAO-RS) preserves the origin of the rectus femoris tendon which may prevent hip flexor weakness and improve functional outcome. Methods This is a prospective analysis of adolescents treated with a PAO or PAO-RS. The PAO group included 24 hips/21 patients (18 female, meanage 16 years (sd 4)); the PAO-RS group included ten hips (eight female, mean age 16 years (sd 1)). Preoperatively, the PAO group had decreased hip flexion strength compared with the PAO-RS group (83 Nm/kg versus 102 Nm/kg). A subset of PAO patients (n = 13 hips/12 patients, nine female, mean age 15 years (sd 3)) were matched for preoperative flexion strength to the PAO-RS group. Radiographic parameters, modified Harris hip score (mHHS), isokinetic hip strength and instrumented motion analysis preoperatively, six months and one-year postoperatively were compared. Results There were no differences in preoperative deformity, postoperative correction or degree of correction between groups. Hip flexor strength decreased significantly at six months in the PAO group compared with the PAO-RS group (-35 Nm/kg versus -7 Nm/kg; p = 0.012), as did hip flexion pull-off power (1.33 W/kg PAO versus 1.76 W/kg PAO-RS; p = 0.010). Hip flexion strength improved from six months to one year in the PAO group, with no significant differences in strength at one year between groups (80 Nm/kg versus 90 Nm/kg). There were no differences between groups in mHHS any time point; both groups improved significantly postoperatively. Conclusion Preserving the rectus femoris may lead to improved short-term hip flexor strength and pull-off power. Further assessment at long-term follow-up is needed to determine if this strength leads to improved functional outcomes. Level of Evidence II
Students’ experiences with different learning pathways to higher professional bachelor programmes
Authors: Biemans Harm J.A. , Mariën Hans , Fleur Erik , Beliaeva Tanya , Harbers Jan 
Published: June 2020

Context: In the Dutch educational system, different learning pathways to higher professional bachelor (or HBO) programmes have been created: the regular VET route, the general secondary education route, and continuing learning pathways (such as the Green Lyceum or GL) that combine characteristics of these two traditional routes and that are specifically designed for students who combine a relatively high cognitive level with an affinity for practical, vocation-oriented assignments. Approach: The present study aimed to compare the experiences of students coming from these three different learning pathways to HBO. 62 former GL students, 127 former middle-management VET (or MBO) students, and 81 former regular general secondary education (or HAVO) students completed an online questionnaire on their experiences in their first HBO study year and their scores on the various scales were compared. Findings: Students from the three groups were equally satisfied with their current HBO programme. The same pattern was found for perceived study success in their HBO programme. Former GL students, however, mentioned that they had been better prepared in terms of development of study skills needed in HBO. Compared with the MBO route to HBO, former GL students felt better prepared in terms of the theoretical subjects addressed in their previous educational programme. In this regard, their level of theoretical preparation was comparable to that of former HAVO students. When the vocation-oriented aspects of education were concerned, however, the GL appeared to be comparable with the MBO route to HBO (in the HAVO curriculum, vocation-oriented preparation for HBO is absent). Moreover, former HAVO students scored lower than former GL and former MBO students with respect to the extent to which they felt that they had received support in choosing a particular HBO programme in their previous educational programme.Conclusion: The GL seems to combine the advantages of MBO and HAVO programmes for this particular group of students: theoretical preparation for HBO at HAVO level combined with practical preparation at MBO level, systematic career orientation and guidance, and development of study skills required in HBO. In other words, such continuing learning pathways can be a curriculum design solution for specific student groups to promote their transition to HBO.
Transdisziplinarität in der Coaching-Prozessforschung – Neue Wege der Zusammenarbeit
Authors: Graf Eva-Maria , Ukowitz Martina 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende theoretische Beitrag erläutert Zweck, Anwendungsbereiche und Charakteristika von Transdisziplinarität und skizziert diese als einen vielversprechenden Weg um verschiedene akademische Disziplinen und Coaching-Praxis im Kontext von Coaching-Prozessforschung zusammenzubringen. Ausgehend von einer Bestandsaufnahme zum Verhältnis von Coaching-Forschung und Coaching-Praxis stellt der Beitrag interdisziplinäre und transdisziplinäre Settings als Möglichkeiten vor, existierende Widersprüche und Differenzen zu überwinden. Anhand der Beschreibung eines aktuellen Forschungsprojekts (bzw. seiner Genese), an dem Linguistik, Psychologie und Coaching-Praxis beteiligt sind, zeigt der Beitrag exemplarisch auf, wie Mitglieder unterschiedlicher disziplinärer Herkunft und mit unterschiedlicher Expertise zusammenfinden um sich einem gemeinsamen Forschungsziel im Bereich der Coaching-Prozessforschung zu widmen. Obwohl das Projekt noch nicht im eigentlichen Sinne transdisziplinär ist, erlaubt die Darstellung seiner Entwicklung und seiner Morphologie die besonderen (kommunikativen und epistemischen) Herausforderungen zu reflektieren, die für eine erfolgreiche Kooperation aller beteiligten Stakeholder, d. h. Forscher*innen und Praktiker*innen, zu bewältigen sind. Der Beitrag möchte eine theoretische Diskussion darüber anstoßen, was Transdisziplinarität für Coaching und seine Beteiligten bedeuten kann und vor allem wie insbesondere Coaching Prozessforschung von solchen Arrangements profitieren kann.
Families of quasigroup operations satisfying the generalized distributive law
Authors: Polin Sergey V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe previous paper was concerned with systems of equations over a certain family 𝓢 of quasigroups. In that work a method of elimination of an outermost variable from the system of equations was suggested and it was shown that further elimination of variables requires that the family 𝓢 of quasigroups satisfy the generalized distributive law (GDL). In this paper we describe families 𝓢 that satisfy GDL. The results are applied to construct classes of easily solvable systems of equations.
Sexual risk behaviour and its correlates among adolescents in Indonesia, Laos, Thailand and Timor-Leste: results from national school surveys in 2015
Authors: Peltzer Karl , Pengpid Supa 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of sexual risk behaviours among adolescents in four Southeast Asian countries.

Methods
In the cross-sectional “Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)”, 24,423 adolescents (mean age 14.1 years, SD=1.7) from Indonesia, Laos, Thailand and Timor-Leste responded to a questionnaire in 2015.

Results
Overall, 8.5% of the students (11.0% males and 6.3% females) ever had sex, ranging from 5.3% in Indonesia to 26.4% in Timor-Leste. Among the sexually active, 49.3% (55.9% males and 36.8% females) had their first sexual intercourse before the age 14 years, ranging from 16.1% in Laos to 73.9% in Indonesia, 59.7% (62.6% males and 53.5% females) had multiple sexual partners, ranging from 55.5% in Timor-Leste to 63.4% in Indonesia, 46.9% (46.8% males and 46.5% females) did not use a condom at last sex, ranging from 37.0% in Thailand to 65.3% in Indonesia, 49.8% (53.7% males and 43.7% females) had not used or did not know of the use of birth control at last sex, ranging from 40.6% in Thailand to 61.5% in Timor-Leste, and 54.2% (54.9% males and 47.0% females) engaged in multiple sexual risk behaviour, ranging from 45.9% in Laos to 78.0% in Indonesia. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, male sex, older age, food insecurity, tobacco use, alcohol use, ever cannabis and/or amphetamine use, psychological distress, and school truancy were associated with two or more and/or multiple sexual risk behaviours.

Conclusions
A high proportion of students engaged in various sexual risk behaviours calling for a scale up comprehensive sexuality education and integration of substance use and mental health into such intervention programmes in this adolescent school population.
Pattern and quitting of tobacco smoking among Egyptian university students
Authors: Anwar Manal M. , Senosy Shaimaa A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
University students are at high risk of practicing the smoking habit being exposed to smoking peers and easier cigarette availability.

Methods
This study aims to explore prevalence, attitude and pattern of tobacco smoking and quitting among Beni-Suef University students. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2019. A total of 4,599 students were selected by using randomized multi-stage sampling using self-administered questionnaire for data collection.

Results
The mean age of students found to be smokers was 20.8 ± 1.42 years. Males: Females' ratio was 2:1 (66 vs.34%). Prevalence of smoking was 17.4%. Students of non-medical and non-health colleges showed a significant high smoking rate (18.8 and 18.3% respectively) than students in health faculties (15.2%); p=0.017. Participants believed that they might smoke because of: peers' pressure (73.3%), stress (71.4%), imitating popular figures (61.7%) and availability of money (60.4%). Regarding smoking provinces; 86.1% did smoke in coffee-shops, 73.1% in university yards and only 16.87% used to smoke at home Regarding the attitudes of smokers and nonsmokers towards smoking; the acceptance of indoor smoking was significantly higher (85.6%) among smokers than non-smokers (6.42%); p=0.0001. Of note; 51.2% of smokers versus 86.3% of non-smokers agreed to ban smoking in public places (P=0.001). Majority of smokers (72.1%) had the desire to stop smoking while (57.8%) tried to stop smoking but failed.

Conclusions
Smoking is becoming a habit among university students and initiative of a smoke free environment should be encouraged and subject and method.
The impact of fixation method on the biochemical characteristics of hawk tea (Litsea coreana)
Authors: Xu Qing , Zhou Yuanjing , Wang Jihong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Fixation is one of the critical steps in tea processing and can cause various physico-chemical changes, thus affecting tea quality. There are many tea processing techniques, but their influence on quality remains unclear. Here, we studied the impact of different fixation methods, including for 6 or 10 min by machine, by iron pan, or by boiling water, on the biochemical characteristics of hawk tea. The results showed that tea fixation technique had a significant influence on the sensory quality, biochemical components, and antioxidant activity of the tea. Compared to other fixation techniques, fixation by boiling water produced a more nutritious hawk tea with stronger DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity (EC50 = 6.56 μg/mL). Processing with boiling water also resulted in a better sensory quality with a unique sweet aftertaste. This tea also contained more polyphenols (19.60%), total amino acids (21,219 mg/100 g), essential amino acids (10,564 mg/100 g), and trace elements (5873.13 mg/kg). These results can guide the development of hawk tea products.
Compact groups with many elements of bounded order
Authors: Soleimani Malekan Meisam , Abdollahi Alireza , Ebrahimi Mahdi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLévai and Pyber proposed the following as a conjecture: LetGbe a profinite group such that the set of solutions of the equationxn=1{x^{n}=1}has positive Haar measure. ThenGhas an open subgroupHand an elementtsuch that all elements of the cosettHhave order dividingn(see [V. D. Mazurov and E. I. Khukhro, Unsolved Problems in Group Theory. The Kourovka Notebook. No. 19, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirisk, 2019; Problem 14.53]). The validity of the conjecture has been proved in [L. Lévai and L. Pyber, Profinite groups with many commuting pairs or involutions, Arch. Math. (Basel) 75 2000, 1–7] forn=2{n=2}. Here we study the conjecture for compact groupsGwhich are not necessarily profinite andn=3{n=3}; we show that in the latter case the groupGcontains an open normal 2-Engel subgroup.
Platelet counts during pregnancy in Chinese women
Authors: Zhang Li-Xia , Dong Ning , Yang Rui-Xia , Li Ang , Luo Xuan-Mei , Yang Nan , Lu Hai-Ling , Xu Hua-Guo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Gestational thrombocytopenia (GT) is the most common cause of thrombocytopenia during pregnancy. However, the occurrence and severity of thrombocytopenia throughout pregnancy in Chinese women are not fully defined.

Methods
We analyzed platelet counts in Chinese women who received prenatal care and/or delivered at the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University between January 2, 2018 and July 19, 2018 in China. These platelet counts were compared with those of nonpregnant women in the same study period.

Results
The platelet counts of all women continued to decrease significantly each trimester (p < 0.0001). The mean platelet counts of the 818 women who had pregnancy-related complications were lower than those of the 796 women who had uncomplicated pregnancies during the third trimester (p = 0.047). At the time of delivery, platelet counts less than 150 × 109/L were more common in women with pregnancy-related complications than in women with uncomplicated pregnancy (26.7% vs. 19.7%, p = 0.03).

Conclusions
Platelet counts decrease throughout pregnancy in Chinese women and platelet counts less than 150 × 109/L were more common in women with pregnancy-related complications than in women with uncomplicated pregnancy. The pregnant women should be paid more attention for thrombocytopenia to avoid the occurrence of bleeding events.