bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GypenosideXVII alleviates fear and anxiety like behavior in rats arising from post-traumatic stress disorder through the PERK/CHOP signaling pathway
Authors: Yang Yitai , Wang Jingjing , Wang Shuying , Chen Yueyang , Li Zemeng , Zhang Huimin , Zhou Pengbo , Li Wei , Ren Dangli , Sun Hongtao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
Recent investigations suggest GP-17 may be effective in managing conditions like insomnia, depression, and Alzheimer's disease, primarily due to the qualities of anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and neuroprotective.Studies reveal pathological imaging changes in the mPFC of PTSD patients, with animal experiments showing PERK-mediated activation of ER stress in the mPFC. To explore the potential role of GP-17 in the pathogenesis of PTSD.We carried out this study to assess the effects of Gypenoside XVII on PTSD-like behaviors and to further investigate the mechanisms underlying this process.The Single Prolonged Stress (SPS) model is extensively employed as a method to replicate post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Method
This research utilized standardized animal behavior tests, including the Open Field Test for anxiety-related behavior and the Conditioned Fear Test for fear-related responses, to explore the potential of Gypenoside XVII in reducing PTSD-like symptoms. Fear extinction was assessed using the Fear Extinction Test, highlighting deficits in fear extinction.The rats' medial prefrontal cortex subjected to SPS treatment was extracted, followed by the application of Western blotting and TUNEL apoptosis staining methods to investigate the mechanisms through which Gypenoside XVII mitigates PTSD-like behaviors.Additionally,through cellular experiments, we validated that GP-17 exerts its anti-apoptotic mechanism on BV2 cells by suppressing the endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress signaling pathway.
Results
Gypenoside XVII was found to alleviate SPS-induced PTSD-like behaviors and mitigate deficits in fear extinction.In the brains of SPS model rats, PERK phosphorylation was markedly increased, driving the downstream activation of eif2a phosphorylation. This led to the over-activation of ATF4, which subsequently initiated CHOP transcription and triggered the apoptotic process. Intraperitoneal injection of Gypenoside XVII reversed these changes. Moreover, Tunicamycin (Tu) induces ER stress in BV2 cells, contributing to PERK phosphorylation and resulting in CHOP-induced apoptosis. Gypenoside XVII was able to inhibit the apoptosis triggered by the Overexpression of CHOP, a downstream component of the PERK signaling pathway in BV2 cells.
Conclusions
In this study, we observed that Gypenoside XVII can improve anxiety and fear extinction deficits in SPS model rats while inhibiting apoptosis in the mPFC brain tissue, likely by suppressing the activation of the PERK/CHOP signaling pathway induced by SPS in the mPFC. By targeting ER stress and inhibiting cortical cell apoptosis post-PTSD, Gypenoside XVII provides a new avenue for clinical treatment strategies.
Association Between Triglyceride-Glucose Index and 28-Day Mortality in Patients with Sepsis and Heart Failure: A Retrospective Study Using the MIMIC-IV Database.
Authors: Wu Yongchang , Chen Jiejing , Liao Ming , Deng Xilong , Li Yueping 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The triglyceride-glucose body mass index (TyG-BMI) is a surrogate marker for insulin resistance and has been identified as a predictor of cardiovascular diseases. However, its role in patients with sepsis and heart failure remains unclear. This study aims to explore the association between the TyG-BMI index and 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis and heart failure.
Methods
This retrospective observational cohort study used data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV) database. We identified patients with sepsis and heart failure and divided them into tertiles based on their TyG-BMI levels. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, while secondary outcomes included 1-year mortality, in-hospital mortality, and ICU mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression and restricted cubic spline analysis were used to examine the association between TyG-BMI index and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) method, and subgroup analyses were performed.
Results
A total of 598 patients were included in this study, of whom 60.6% were male. The observed mortality rates were 35.7% at 28 days, 51.3% at 1 year, 28.1% in the ICU, and 34.5% in-hospital. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that patients in the lowest TyG-BMI tertile had a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality. Compared to the lowest TyG-BMI group, the fully adjusted Cox model revealed hazard ratios (HRs) for 28-day, 1-year, ICU, and in-hospital mortality of 0.651 (95% CI: 0.468–0.904, p = 0.011), 0.597 (95% CI: 0.417–0.853, p = 0.004), 0.634 (95% CI: 0.455–0.883, p = 0.007), and 0.603 (95% CI: 0.457–0.797, p < 0.001), respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that higher TyG-BMI levels were associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality for 28-day, 1-year, ICU, and in-hospital outcomes (log-rank p = 0.02, p = 0.00087, p = 0.016, p = 0.019, respectively). Additionally, restricted cubic spline analysis indicated that lower TyG-BMI levels were associated with a gradual increase in all-cause mortality risk.
Conclusion
The TyG-BMI index is significantly associated with 28-day, 1-year, in-hospital, and ICU all-cause mortality in patients with sepsis and heart failure. Higher TyG-BMI levels are linked to a reduced risk of mortality, suggesting that the TyG-BMI index may be useful for identifying high-risk patients with sepsis and heart failure.
Study on the relationship between hyperthyroidism and immune function
Authors: Li Shuangshuang , Zhong Hui , Li Fangyi , Li Jinying , Shi Qiping 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
To elucidate the role of T helper (Th) cell immune and CD137 in the pathogenesis of hyperthyroidism, we analyzed the differences in the expression levels of cytokines and CD137 in peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) among hyperthyroidism patients before and after the intervention of antithyroid drug (ATD) and normal subjects.
Methods
81 patients with hyperthyroidism diagnosed in the Department of Endocrinology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from April 2021 to April 2022 were selected as the pre-intervention group, of which 25 patients were treated with ATD as the post-intervention group (the average treatment time was 129.84 days), and 83 cases of healthy medical subjects examined in our physical examination center as the normal group during the same period; We analyzed the differences in plasma concentrations of multiple cytokines, as well as the expression levels of sCD137 in plasma and CD137 on T and B lymphocytes.
Results
Patients with hyperthyroidism may have both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, and the immune responses of Th1, Th2, and Th17 may all be involved in the pathogenesis of hyperthyroidism, while patients with hyperthyroidism still have active immune responses after drug intervention; patients with hyperthyroidism may have humoral hyperimmunity before and after intervention, and the activation ability of T cells in patients with hyperthyroidism is enhanced.
Conclusion
These results showed that the expression of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines was altered in hyperthyroidism patients and that the co-stimulatory molecule CD137 may be an important marker of immune activity in hyperthyroidism.
Improving accuracy and precisely controlling molten pool of stepped filling wire assisted DP-GTA-AM
Authors: ZHANG GANG , Wang Jianbo , Zhu Zhenwen , Li Lupeng , Shi Yu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Conventional wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) exhibits certain intrinsic characteristics, such as the strong coupling interaction between the arc-droplet and the weld pool, the non-linear time variation, and the heat accumulation, which result in poor deposition process and morphology. Higher accuracy of WAAM parts is still desirable for many industrial applications. This paper proposes a novel approach: double-pulsed gas tungsten arc welding additive manufacturing (DP-GTAW-AM) with stepped filling wire, aimed at independently controlling heat input and mass transfer in the WAAM process. We first illustrate its fundamental principles, followed by constructing the DP-GTAW-AM experimental system. Subsequently, several typical experiments using DP-GTAW-AM were successfully conducted to demonstrate the decoupling actions of heat and mass transmission. Furthermore, the droplet transfer behavior and molten pool stability, along with morphology changes as deposition layers increase, were thoroughly analyzed using visual images of deposition and mathematical modeling. The results indicate that a stable heat and mass transfer process, as well as a deposited layer morphology with desired accuracy, were ultimately achieved. It demonstrates the feasibility of improving the deposition accuracy of WAAM by adjusting pulse parameters. This approach may provide an effective method for precisely controlling the deposition accuracy of WAAM in industrial applications.
Rheumatic Heart Disease in a 14-Year-Old Boy with Aortic and Mitral Valve Involvement: A Case Report
Authors: Fatoke Babatunde , Richards Atinuke , Hassan Olayinka , Adekunle Misbau , Aremu Stephen Olaide 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) continues to pose significant health challenges, especially in adolescents, where it can lead to long-lasting complications. This case report discusses a teenage patient diagnosed with RHD following recurrent streptococcal infections, highlighting the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes.
Case Presentation:
The patient presented with chest pain, fatigue, and dyspnoea, prompting a comprehensive evaluation. An echocardiographic assessment revealed mitral valve regurgitation and left atrial enlargement. The management strategy focused on preventing further streptococcal infections through benzathine penicillin G as a key component of secondary prophylaxis. Inflammatory symptoms were addressed using high-dose aspirin and corticosteroids, while diuretics were utilized to alleviate heart failure symptoms. Additionally, anticoagulation therapy was initiated due to the patient’s atrial fibrillation, mitigating the risk of thromboembolic events. Regular follow-up appointments and echocardiographic evaluations were instituted to monitor cardiac function and the progression of valvular disease. The patient demonstrated significant improvement in symptoms and functional capacity, now classified as NYHA Class II heart failure.
Conclusion
This case underscores the necessity for early diagnosis, appropriate management, and long-term follow-up in adolescents with RHD to prevent complications and optimize patient outcomes. Moreover, it emphasizes the need for awareness and preventive strategies against rheumatic fever, a preventable cause of cardiovascular morbidity. Insights from this case contribute to understanding RHD in a paediatric context, advocating for a multifaceted care approach that includes patient education, dietary modifications, and lifestyle adjustments to enhance cardiovascular health.
Colposcopic Imaging Features and Missed Diagnoses in Cervical Adenocarcinoma In Situ: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Qing , Chen Limei , Zhang Hongwei , Wang Jue , Wang Qing , Sui Long , Cong Qing , Hua Keqin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) is difficult to diagnose during colposcopy due to its unusual appearance. There's a lack of literature on AIS in colposcopic imaging.
Method
In this retrospective study, data from patients at the Obstetrics and Gynecological Hospital of Fudan University from Jan 2019 to Dec 2023 were analyzed. Patients who were diagnosed with AIS through pathological examination following colposcopy were included. Data collected included patient age, cytological results, HPV results obtained within six months prior to colposcopy, colposcopic images, medical records, and pathology reports, as well as the results of the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), if available. The study aimed to analyze clinical characteristics, colposcopic image features, and the causes of missed diagnoses during colposcopy.
Results
A total of 181 cases with a pathological diagnosis of AIS from colposcopy were included.Among the cases, 46.4% had NILM cytology, 17.1% showed AGC/AIS, and 84.5% were HPV 16/18+. Image reviews highlighted acetowhite epithelium and atypical vascular patterns. Reasons for missed diagnoses included lack of familiarity (43.9%) and inadequate visualization (24.4%). Cases with NILM cytology were more frequently missed, while non-missed cases had clearer lesion boundaries and a higher prevalence of AIS in both the cervix and canal
Conclusion
The presence of atypical colposcopic images in AIS patients heightens the risk of diagnostic oversight. By examining the colposcopic image characteristics of AIS patients, standardizing colposcopy procedures to ensure proper exposure of the cervix, and conducting endocervical curettage in non-pregnant women, the rate of missed diagnoses in AIS patients during colposcopy can be effectively decreased.
Factors associated with fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity among reproductive age women in Gofa and Basketo Zones, Southern Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study
Authors: Domba Markos Manote , Argefa Terefe Gelibo , Kebede Bahiru Mulatu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The escalation in burdens of non-communicable diseases coupled with unmet needs of sexual and reproductive health services progressively impacting women, and posing significant threats to forthcoming generations. Low fruits and vegetables intake, and insufficient physical activity are known risk factors of NCDs. This research endeavors to assess the level and factors associated with fruit and/or vegetable intake and physical activity among women of reproductive age in Gofa and Basketo Zones, Southern Ethiopia.
Methods
A community based cross-sectional study was employed among reproductive age women from September 9/2022 to December 6/2022. A multistage cluster sampling was used to select participants from the designated zones. A total of 1404 study participants were included in the analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software encompassing descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression. Associations were deemed statistically significant if the p-value was < 0.05.
Result
Prevalence of adequate fruit and/or vegetable (FV) intake and physical activity were 48.4% and 78.3% respectively. Women who were from younger age groups, getting advice from health professionals, having primary school education, having > 4 family size, women from households with the lower wealth status, widowed/separated and Gofa zone residents were more likely to have adequate FV intake. Being married, single and Basketo zone residence were positively associated with physical activity. However, women from older age groups and having lesser educational status were less likely to be physically active. Women who were rural residents and having no family history of NCD were more likely to have both adequate FV intake and physical activity.
Conclusion
A substantial gap exists between the recommended level and actual FV consumption and physical activity. They are associated with different socio-economic, knowledge and health system factors. However, these preventive factors are more influenced by rural residence, having no family history of NCD, women’s occupation. Therefore, NCD prevention would be more effective if they account specific determinants in their design. Policy and socio-political factors influencing the rise of NCD risk factors should also be addressed.
CYP2C19 polymorphism and clinical outcomes of patients with carotid artery stenting
Authors: Wang Weiye , Chen Xuanyu , Cui Ruxin , Song Boyan , Shang Desheng , Zhao Yilei , Hu Yunzhen , Yuan Huaiwu , Peng Guoping 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aim: To explore the association between cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19 (CYP2C19) and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS).
Methods: This single-center, retrospective cohort study consecutively enrolled patients undergoing CAS and CYP2C19 polymorphism examination at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University from January 2022 to November 2023. CYP2C19 polymorphisms were categorized into three groups based on their genotype: rapid, poor, and intermediate metabolizers. The primary outcome was stent thrombosis. Secondary outcomes included death, acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, acute coronary syndromes, and symptomatic bleeding. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relative risk of outcomes in rapid metabolizers undergoing CAS compared with non-rapid metabolizers. Statistically significantly different variables among the three groups were added to the multivariable regression.
Results: A total of 196 patients were included in the final analysis, of whom 91.3% were males. The mean age was 69.8 ± 6.9 years. Fifty-eight patients were categorized as rapid metabolizers, 31 as poor metabolizers, and 107 as intermediate metabolizers. No significant difference in the incidence of stent thrombosis was found among the three groups within 90 days after CAS (p = 0.685) and over 90 days after CAS (p = 0.593). The rapid metabolizer group had a higher risk of stent thrombosis than the poor metabolizer group over the entire follow-up period (3.4% vs 3.2%, odds ratio [OR] = 0.785, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.147-4.181, p = 0.777), with no significant difference between the two groups within 90 days after CAS (1.7% vs3.2%, OR = 0.650, 95% CI = 0.092-4.605, p = 0.667) and over 90 days after CAS (0.0% vs 1.7%, OR = 1461, 95% CI = 0.000-, p = 0.998). Meanwhile, no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding the incidence of death, IS or TIA, acute coronary syndromes, and symptomatic bleeding at the three time points, with or without the inclusion of covariates. Similarly, the relative risk of primary and secondary outcomes was not significant in the rapid compared with intermediate metabolizer groups at all time points.
Conclusion:CYP2C19 polymorphism is not associated with the clinical outcome in patients undergoing CAS. However, random controlled trials are needed to validate this finding.
Body composition as a novel biomarker of recurrence risk in patients with triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Vis Jill B. De , Wang Cong , Nguyen Kirsten V. , Sun Lili , Jia Brigitte , Sherry Alexander D. , Alford-Holloway Mason N. , Balbach Meredith L. , Koyama Tatsuki , Chakravarthy A. Bapsi , Rafat Marjan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients are at increased risk for recurrence compared to other subtypes of breast cancer. Previous evidence showed that adiposity may contribute to worsened cancer control. Current measures of obesity, such as body-mass index (BMI), are poor surrogates of adiposity, while visceral-to-subcutaneous adiposity ratio (VSR), which can be measured from routine computed tomography (CT) imaging, is a direct adiposity measure. We hypothesized that VSR is a stronger predictor of recurrence compared with BMI in patients with TNBC. Materials and Methods This study includes 162 women with stage I-III TNBC who completed standard of care therapy. Measures of body composition, including VSR, visceral adiposity (VA), and subcutaneous adiposity (SA), were estimated using a semi-automated quantitative imaging tool on CT images of the abdomen at the level of L2-L3. Anthropometric measures included BMI and waist circumference and were obtained from CT images. Associations of adiposity measures and recurrence risk were assessed using Fine and Gray competing risk models with death as a competing risk and age at diagnosis and clinical disease stage as covariates. Results During a median follow-up time of 3.6 years, 55 patients had recurrence. The median BMI at baseline was 30.2 [Quartiles: 26.3–35.2]. Body composition was not associated with overall or locoregional recurrence. VSR was significantly associated with an increased risk of distant recurrence, with a subdistribution hazard ratio of 4.25 (95% CI: 1.06–17.02), p = 0.041. By contrast, BMI was not associated with any recurrence risk. Conclusion Consistent with our hypothesis, VSR was associated with a significant risk of distant recurrence and therefore may be a prognostic biomarker. Future directions include interventions targeting VSR reduction among patients with TNBC and VSR-directed therapy modulation.
Safety and efficacy of sintilimab-based neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy for resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A pooled analysis
Authors: Lu Genlin , Tu Jinming , Tong Fei , Jiang Renya , Cai Zhai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background Sintilimab, a fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that targets the programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1), blocks the interaction of PD-1 with its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, thereby aiding in the restoration of the endogenous antitumor T-cell response. Although clinical trials for sintilimab-based neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (sintilimab-based nICT) in resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are increasing, comprehensive evaluations remain scarce. Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched for eligible studies up to May 30, 2024. The estimated outcomes were pathological complete response (pCR),major pathological response (MPR), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), stable disease (SD), and disease progression (PD),, TNM and N down-degrading rate, R0 surgical resection grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs ≥ 3), and anastomotic leakage(AL), disease free survival (DFS), and overall survival(OS). A random-effects model was used to integrate the pooled rate when heterogeneity was present. Results A total of 14 studies, involving 652 patients with resectable ESCC, were enrolled. The pooled rates were as follows: 27% (95% CI, 23%-30%) for pCR, 45% (95% CI, 36%-54%) for MPR, 65% (95% CI, 46%-82%) for ORR, 99% (95% CI, 96%-100%) for DCR, 18% (95% CI, 9%-25%) for CR, 53% (95% CI, 35%-71%) for PR, 32% (95% CI, 16%-51%) for SD, 1% (95% CI, 0%-3%) for PD, 87% (95% CI, 71%-97%) for one-year DFS, 94% (95% CI, 85%-99%) for one-year OS, 89% (95% CI, 84%-93%) for two-year OS, 69% (95% CI, 59%-79%) for TNM down-degrading, 67% (95% CI, 52%-82%) for N down-degrading, 98%(95% CI, 93%-100%) for R0 surgical resection,19% (95% CI, 13%-26%) for TRAEs ≥ 3,and 7% (95% CI, 4%-9%) for AL . Conclusions Sintilimab-based nICT exhibits a safe and efficacious profile for the treatment of resectable ESCC.