bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aging dampens the intestinal innate immune response duringClostridioides difficileinfection and is associated with altered intestinal eosinophil mobilization
Authors: Abernathy-Close Lisa , Dieterle Michael G. , Vendrov Kimberly C. , Bergin Ingrid L. , Young Vincent B. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTClostridioides(formerlyClostridium)difficileis the most common cause of hospital-acquired infection, and advanced age is a risk factor forC. difficileinfection. Disruption of the intestinal microbiota and immune responses contribute to host susceptibility and severity ofC. difficileinfection. However, the impact of aging on the cellular immune response associated withC. difficileinfection in the setting of advanced age remains to be well described. This study explores the effect of age on cellular immune responses inC. difficileinfection as well as disease severity. Young adult mice (2-3 months old) and aged mice (22-28 months old) were rendered susceptible toC. difficileinfection with cefoperazone and then infected withC. difficilestrains of varying disease-causing potential. Aged mice infected withC. difficiledevelop more severe clinical disease, compared to young mice. Tissue-specific CD45+ immune cell responses occurred at the time of peak disease severity in the cecum and colon of all mice infected with a high-virulence strain ofC. difficile; however, significant deficits in intestinal neutrophils and eosinophils were detected in aged mice. Interestingly, whileC. difficileinfection in young mice was associated with a robust increase in cecal and colonic eosinophils, there was a complete lack of an intestinal eosinophil response in aged counterparts accompanied by a simultaneous increase in blood eosinophils with severe disease. These findings demonstrate that age-related alterations in immune responses are associated with significantly worseC. difficileinfection and support a key role for intestinal eosinophils in mitigatingC. difficile-mediated disease severity.
Impact of culture on organizational readiness to change: context of bank M&A
Authors: Samal Arbind , Patra Sabyasachi , Chatterjee Devjani 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of culture on organizational readiness to change (ORC) within the context of merger and acquisition (M&A) in the banking sector in India.Design/methodology/approachA multisource approach is used to collect data from a public-sector bank in India for testing our hypothesis. A hierarchical approach based on higher-order modelling has been deployed for confirming the path model. The foundation of the study is based on power distance (PD) and uncertainty avoidance (UA) cultural dimensions of Hofstede (1984).FindingsEmployees in organizations with large PD and high UA index exhibit low readiness to change. Findings support a negative relationship of culture (large PD and high UA) with organizational readiness to change at the individual level.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has three major implications. First, measures and importance of change readiness at the individual level during corporate events such as M&A is elucidated in the study. Second, a paradigm for assessing higher-order models grounded in theoretical and methodological rigour for testing our hypothesis is presented in the paper. Last, the role of culture in M&A processes is highlightedvis-à-visfactors related to PD and UA on ORC.Practical implicationsThe findings of the research answer to the call for a study on factors that help in creating a synergy for successful M&A across all sectors especially in the banking sector. People representing high UA and large PD often look forward to direction and guidelines for guiding employee actions. Leaders therefore need to set clear agenda and effectively communicate the appropriateness of change to their employees for developing positive behaviour towards desirable organizational outcomes. This study touches upon this important perspective for its practical utilization.Originality/valueThe study adds to the limited literature on change which addresses the need for studying socio-cultural factors in the M&A process, especially in an emerging economies context.
Impact of employer branding on employee engagement in business process outsourcing (BPO) sector in India: mediating effect of person–organization fit
Authors: Chawla Poonam 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of employer branding strategy (a mechanism used by organisations to hire and retain competent talent) on employee engagement whilst simultaneously measuring the mediating effect of person-organisation (P-O) fit.Design/methodology/approachThe study analyses a sample of 296 employees working in the BPO sector in India. The proposed model is tested with the help of structural equation modelling.FindingsThe findings of the research highlight that employer branding has an affirmative relationship with P-O fit and employee engagement. The findings also reveal that P-O effect has a partial mediating effect on the relationship between employer branding and employee engagement.Practical implicationsUnderstanding and implementing employer branding strategies provides the organisation with a tool for not only harnessing good employees but also facilitates them to engage and retain them. Employer branding strategies ensure an increase in employee’s sense of belongingness and alignment of goals. Value congruence in the form of person organisation fit also ensures that employees believe that they are valued across the organisation and may go an “extra mile” to achieve organisational objectives.Originality/valueEmployer branding is a comprehensive strategy which can be used by employers to attract and retain talented employees. In a global economy where a talented workforce is scarce and has plenty of choices available to them, firms can use employer branding as a strategic opportunity to enhance employee engagement.
A review and recommendations for the integration of forensic expertise within police cold case reviews
Authors: Chapman Brendan , Keatley David , Oatley Giles , Coumbaros John , Maker Garth 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
Cold case review teams and the processes that they adopt in their endeavour to solve historic crimes are varied and largely underreported. Of the limited literature surrounding the topic of cold case reviews, the focus is on clearance rates and the selection of cases for review. While multiple reports and reviews have been undertaken and recommend that the interface between investigators and forensic scientists be improved, there is little evidence of cold case teams comprised of a mixture of investigators and scientists or experts. With the growing reliance on forensic science as an aide to solvability, the authors propose that the inclusion of forensic scientists to the central cold case investigation may be a critical factor in future success. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
To support the proposed approach, the authors conducted a review of the current literature seeking insight into the reported make-up of cold case teams. In conjunction with this, the authors reviewed a number of commissioned reports intended to improve cold case reviews and forensic services.

Findings
While many of the reviewed reports and recommendations suggested better integration with scientists and external expertise, little evidence of this in practice was reported within published literature. Open dialogue and cross pollination between police investigators and forensic scientists are likely to mitigate biases, inform case file triage and better equip investigations with contemporary and cutting-edge scientific solutions to the evidence analysis for cold cases. Furthermore, with respect to scientists within academia, large pools of resources by way of student interns or researchers may be available to assist resource-sparse policing jurisdictions.

Originality/value
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first peer-reviewed recommendation for the consideration of integrated forensic scientists within a cold case review team. Multiple reports suggest the need for closer ties, but it is the anecdotal experience of the authors that the benefits of a blended task force approach may yield greater success.
Telephone triage performed by nurses reduces non‐urgent ambulance missions: A prospective observational pilot study in Finland
Authors: Roivainen Petri , Hoikka Marko J. , Raatiniemi Lasse , Silfvast Tom , Ala‐Kokko Tero , Kääriäinen Maria 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundThe increased workload in emergency medical services (EMS) is a global phenomenon in welfare states. It has been suggested that telephone triage by nurses may reduce the increasing use of EMS services, by directing patient flow to appropriate care. This study aimed to investigate whether, after an emergency medical communication centre (EMCC) provider assessed risk, a telephone nurse could assess the patient’s needs and guide patients to social and health care services in non‐urgent cases.MethodsThis prospective observational study was performed in the Kainuu Hospital District in northern Finland from March to April 2018. All EMS requests classified as non‐urgent by the EMCC were transferred to a telephone triage nurse. Subsequent patient guidance was recorded. The International Classifications of Primary Care categories were recorded.ResultsWe studied phone calls of 700 patients with non‐urgent needs. Of these, the nurse transferred 63.7% to EMS and 17.3% were guided to other social and health care services. Nineteen per cent of the calls were handled over the phone by the nurse, who provided health advice and instructions. The most common needs for care were general and unspecified symptoms, musculoskeletal symptoms, mental health problems and substance abuse.ConclusionBy providing telephone counseling, care instructions and patient guidance to other social and health services than EMS, the telephone triage reduced non‐urgent EMS missions by one third. The results imply that telephone triage could be a viable model for managing non‐urgent missions. Patient safety issues should be monitored when developing new service concepts.
Counseling alone or in combination with nicotine replacement therapy for treatment of black non‐daily smokers: a randomized trial
Authors: Nollen Nicole L. , Cox Lisa Sanderson , Mayo Matthew S. , Ellerbeck Edward F. , Ahluwalia Jasjit S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsOne‐third of US tobacco users are non‐daily smokers (NDS). Black NDS have strikingly high levels of nicotine and carcinogen exposure. No smoking cessation studies have been conducted with this high‐risk group. This study compared the effectiveness in black NDS of smoking cessation counseling alone or in combination with the participant's choice of nicotine replacement therapy.DesignTwo‐arm parallel‐group individually randomized clinical trial (allocation ratio of 2 : 1 intervention to control)SettingAcademic medical and federally qualified health centers in three US cities.ParticipantsNon‐Hispanic black adult NDS receiving counseling with nicotine replacement therapy (C + NRT, n = 185) or counseling alone (C, n = 93).InterventionsTwelve weeks of in‐person and telephone smoking cessation counseling in combination with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT; C + NRT) or counseling alone (C). All participants received five sessions of counseling; those randomized to C + NRT received their choice of nicotine gum, patch and/or lozenge after a 9‐day product trial period. The target quit day was set at 2 weeks post‐baseline for both groups.MeasurementsPrimary outcome was biochemically verified 30‐day abstinence at week 12. Secondary outcomes were change in nicotine and carcinogen exposure [4‐(methynitrosamino)‐1‐(3) pyridyle‐1‐butanol; NNAL] and tobacco consumption patterns.FindingsAbstinence was 11.4% in C + NRT and 8.6% in C [odds ratio (OR) = 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.6, 3.2, P = 0.48]. Both groups experienced significant reduction in NNAL (C + NRT: 53% reduction, C: 50% reduction, within‐group P < 0.0001) but non‐significant changes in cotinine (P = 0.69). C + NRT reported more days abstinent (P < 0.001) and fewer total cigarettes (P = 0.002) compared with C. There was no evidence of compensation with other tobacco products.ConclusionsAmong black non‐daily smokers in the United States, there was no difference in abstinence between nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and counseling alone. NRT led to greater increase in days abstinent and reduction in cigarettes, with no evidence of compensation from other sources of nicotine.
Multiorgan involvement and management in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Lagan Niamh , Huggard Dean , Mc Grane Fiona , Leahy Timothy Ronan , Franklin Orla , Roche Edna , Webb David , O’ Marcaigh Aengus , Cox Des , El-Khuffash Afif , Greally Peter , Balfe Joanne , Molloy Eleanor J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo review multiorgan involvement and management in children with Down syndrome (DS).MethodsA literature review of articles from 1980 to 2019 using the MEDLINE interface of PubMed was performed using the following search terms‐ [Down syndrome] or [Trisomy 21] AND [Cardiology] or [Respiratory] or [neurodevelopment] or [epilepsy] or [musculoskeletal] or [immune system] or [haematological] or [endocrine] or [gastrointestinal] or [ophthalmological] or [Ear Nose Throat] or [dermatology] or [renal].ResultsCongenital heart disease particularly septal defects occur in over 60% of infants with DS and 5%‐34% of infants develop persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn irrespective of a diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Early recognition and management of aspiration, obstructive sleep apnoea and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) could reduce risk of developing pulmonary hypertension in later childhood. Children with DS have an increased risk of autistic spectrum disorder, attention deficit disorder and epilepsy particularly infantile spasms, which are associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. Congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal and renal system as well as autoimmune diseases, coeliac disease, arthropathy, thyroid dysfunction fold diabetes mellitus and dermatological conditions are more common. Hearing and visual anomalies are also well recognised association with DS (Table 1).ConclusionChildren with DS are at an increased risk of multiorgan comorbidities. Organ‐specific health surveillance may provide holistic care for the children and families with DS throughout childhood.
Ubrogepant Is Not Associated With Clinically Meaningful Elevations of Alanine Aminotransferase in Healthy Adult Males
Authors: Ankrom Wendy , Bondiskey Phung , Li Chi‐Chung , Palcza John , Liu Wen , Dockendorf Marissa F. , Matthews Catherine , Panebianco Deborah , Reynders Tom , Wagner John A. , Jakate Abhijeet , Mesens Sofie , Kraft Walter K. , Marcantonio Eugene E. 
Published: January 2020

Ubrogepant is a novel, oral calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist intended for the acute treatment of migraine attacks. Ubrogepant has a chemical structure distinct from previous small‐molecule CGRP receptor antagonists that were associated with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in clinical trials. Here, we report overall and hepatic safety data from two placebo‐controlled phase I trials of ubrogepant, spray‐dried oral compressed tablet (SD‐OCT) in healthy male volunteers. Trial A was a pharmacokinetic (PK) trial of single (100–400 mg) and multiple (40–400 mg) ascending doses. Trial B was a dedicated hepatic safety trial assessing daily use of ubrogepant 150 mg for 28 days. Serum ALT (as hepatotoxicity biomarker) and PK data are reported. Ubrogepant was well‐tolerated in both trials, with a low incidence of adverse events that did not differ greatly from placebo. Changes in mean ALT levels were minimal and similar to placebo. Over 28 days of treatment, the mean percentage change in ALT from baseline was < 5% at all time points. No participant in either trial demonstrated ALT ≥ 3× upper limit of normal at any time. Ubrogepant SD‐OCT demonstrated linear PK appropriate for acute treatment of migraine, with rapid uptake (time of maximum plasma concentration (tmax): 2–3 hours) and no accumulation with daily use. Overall, there was no evidence of ubrogepant‐associated hepatotoxicity with daily doses up to 400 mg for 10 days or with daily ubrogepant 150 mg for 28 days. Supratherapeutic dosing is a useful strategy for characterizing hepatic safety in early drug development.
Endovascular clot retrieval for acute ischaemic stroke due to basilar artery occlusion in childhood
Authors: Macdonald‐Laurs Emma , Wenderoth Jason , Cardamone Michael , Sampaio Hugo , Andrews P Ian 
Published: January 2020

Endovascular clot retrieval (ECR) is an emerging therapy for treatment of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) in adults, including basilar artery occlusion (BAO). Its role in children is not well established. We report four consecutive children with AIS due to BAO treated with ECR in Sydney, Australia. We reviewed the literature to characterize the ‘natural course’ of AIS due to BAO in children not treated with thrombolysis or ECR, and compared their outcome with our patients and reported children with BAO treated with ECR. Despite delays in diagnosis, ECR achieved recanalization in our four children. Three children had a good outcome (Paediatric Modified Rankin Score [PedmRS] 0–2). One child with acute leukaemia suffered recurrent basilar occlusion and died of brainstem dysfunction. Literature review identified 111 children exhibiting the natural course of AIS due to BAO, among whom 42% had good outcomes (PedmRS 0–2), 48% had significant residual disability (PedmRS 3–5), and 10% died. Of 34 children treated with ECR, 28 (82%) had good outcomes (PedmRS 0–2), five (15%) had significant residual disability (PedmRS 3–5), and one (3%) died. Complications of ECR were uncommon. These observations suggest ECR may be beneficial for children with AIS due to BAO.What this paper adds

Children with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) due to basilar artery occlusion (BAO) experience significant morbidity and mortality.

Endovascular clot retrieval may be beneficial in children with AIS due to BAO.
Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 mediates fear behavior in mice
Authors: Branco Rachel C. , Burkett James P. , Black Carlie A. , Winokur Emily , Ellsworth William , Dhamsania Rohan K. , Lohr Kelly M. , Schroeder Jason P. , Weinshenker David , Jovanovic Tanja , Miller Gary W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA subset of people exposed to a traumatic event develops post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is associated with dysregulated fear behavior. Genetic variation in SLC18A2, the gene that encodes vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), has been reported to affect risk for the development of PTSD in humans. Here, we use transgenic mice that express either 5% (VMAT2‐LO mice) or 200% (VMAT2‐HI mice) of wild‐type levels of VMAT2 protein. We report that VMAT2‐LO mice have reduced VMAT2 protein in the hippocampus and amygdala, impaired monoaminergic vesicular storage capacity in both the striatum and frontal cortex, decreased monoamine metabolite abundance and a greatly reduced capacity to release dopamine upon stimulation. Furthermore, VMAT2‐LO mice showed exaggerated cued and contextual fear expression, altered fear habituation, inability to discriminate threat from safety cues, altered startle response compared with wild‐type mice and an anxiogenic‐like phenotype, but displayed no deficits in social function. By contrast, VMAT2‐HI mice exhibited increased VMAT2 protein throughout the brain, higher vesicular storage capacity and greater dopamine release upon stimulation compared with wild‐type controls. Behaviorally, VMAT2‐HI mice were similar to wild‐type mice in most assays, with some evidence of a reduced anxiety‐like responses. Together, these data show that presynaptic monoamine function mediates PTSD‐like outcomes in our mouse model, and suggest a causal link between reduced VMAT2 expression and fear behavior, consistent with the correlational relationship between VMAT2 genotype and PTSD risk in humans. Targeting this system is a potential strategy for the development of pharmacotherapies for disorders like PTSD.
Evidence‐based policy: nursing now and the importance of research synthesis
Authors: Benton D.C. , Watkins M.J. , Beasley C.J. , Ferguson S.L. , Holloway A. 
Published: January 2020

AimThis study explores how scholarship relating to meta‐analytical studies and systematic and integrative reviews can inform nursing’s contribution to universal health coverage.IntroductionAs nursing globally embraces the 200th anniversary of the birth of Florence Nightingale, the Nursing Now social movement has called for the profession to improve universal health coverage through increasing nursing’s policy voice.MethodsIn determining how the Nursing Now social movement could pursue the aim of this study, researchers undertook a comparative bibliometric analysis of scholarship relating to the systematic curation of evidence. This study uses a mixed‐method analysis of the bibliometric data available through extracting and synthesizing information from one of the commercially produced indexing and citation databases.ResultsGenerally, medicine has contributed far more synthesized contributions than nursing, except in the case of integrative reviews. Co‐occurrence analysis of nursing literature through examination of key terms yielded a complex visualization of 11 specific clusters of scholarship (Care of the Older Person, Nurse Education, Emergency and Critical Care, Occupational Health and Safety, Rural Services, Anxiety and Depression, Measurement, Newborn and Post‐natal Health, Cardiovascular Disease, Preventative Health and Cancer Care).Discussion and conclusionsBibliometric analysis of curated evidence demonstrates that there is ample nursing‐relevant material to inform evidence‐based policy change directed towards the attainment of universal health coverage and several of the Sustainable Development Goals.Implications for policyNursing literature is available to support policy change directed towards the pursuit of universal health coverage and sustainable development goals. Leveraging existing networks of research collaboration to increase research capacity through communities of scholarship or by twinning experienced and neophyte contributors is possible. Further work is needed to equip nurses with the competencies to navigate the policy environment and develop and deliver impactful policy messaging.