bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and optimization of cost-effective coldproof portable enclosures for polar environment
Authors: Parsi Behzad , Zhang Lihong 
Published: September 2020

Based on the International Electrotechnical Commission standards,
the electronic devices in the industrial class (e.g., integrated circuits or batteries) can only operate at the ambient temperature between -40°C and 85°C. For the human-involved regions in Alaska, Northern Canada, and Antarctica, extreme cold condition as low as -55°C might affect sensing electronic devices utilized in the scientific or industrial applications. In this paper, we propose a design and optimization methodology for the self-heating portable enclosures, which can warm up the inner space from -55°C for encasing the low-cost industrial-class electronic devices instead of expensive military-class ones to work reliably within their allowed operating temperature limit. Among the other options, ceramic thermal resistors are selected as the heating elements inside the enclosure. The placement of the thermal resistors is studied with the aid of thermal modelling for the single heating device by using the curve fitting technique to achieve uniform temperature distribution within the enclosure. To maintain the inner temperature above -40°C but with the least power consumption from the thermal resistors, we have developed a control system based on the fuzzy logic controller. For validation, we have utilized COMSOL Multiphysics software and then one prototyped enclosure along with the fuzzy control system. Our experimental measurement exhibits its efficacy compared to the other design options.
Text documents clustering using modified multi-verse optimizer
Authors: Abasi Ammar Kamal , Khader Ahamad Tajudin , Al-Betar Mohammed Azmi , Naim Syibrah , Awadallah Mohammed A. , Alomari Osama Ahmad 
Published: September 2020

In this study, a multi-verse optimizer (MVO) is utilised for the text document clus- tering (TDC) problem. TDC is treated as a discrete optimization problem, and an objective function based on the Euclidean distance is applied as similarity measure. TDC is tackled by the division of the documents into clusters; documents belonging to the same cluster are similar, whereas those belonging to different clusters are dissimilar. MVO, which is a recent metaheuristic optimization algorithm established for continuous optimization problems, can intelligently navigate different areas in the search space and search deeply in each area using a particular learning mechanism. The proposed algorithm is called MVOTDC, and it adopts the convergence behaviour of MVO operators to deal with discrete, rather than continuous, optimization problems.
For evaluating MVOTDC, a comprehensive comparative study is conducted on six text document datasets with various numbers of documents and clusters. The quality of the ﬁnal results is assessed using precision, recall, F-measure, entropy accuracy, and purity measures. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method performs competitively in comparison with state-of-the-art algorithms. Statistical analysis is also conducted and shows that MVOTDC can produce signiﬁcant results in comparison with three well-established methods.
Finding Art and the Art of Finding: O que vos nunca cuidei a dizer
Authors: Mestre André Rabello , Núñez-Pacheco Claudia , Carrasco Mauricio 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The article discusses the making of O que vos nunca cuidei a dizer, a gallery work for interactive garment, transducer-based interface and live electronics. A technical description of the work is framed by an account of the creative process, with reference to media archaeological methodology and a discussion of the role of composed instruments in the new paradigms of artistic research.
Comparison of Microphysical Characteristics between the Southern Korean Peninsula and Oklahoma Using Two-Dimensional Video Disdrometer Data
Authors: Bang Wonbae , Lee GyuWon , Ryzhkov Alexander , Schuur Terry , Sunny Lim Kyo-Sun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDifferences in atmospheric environments can have a significant impact on microphysical processes of precipitation. Dominant warm (cold) rain processes in East Asia (southern Great Plains of the United States) are implied by a large (small or constant) gradient of reflectivity at low levels in vertical reflectivity profiles. Long-term ground observations using two-dimensional video disdrometers were conducted in the southern Korean Peninsula (KOR) and Norman, Oklahoma, United States (OKL). Raindrop size distributions (RSD) and their moments in the two regions were analyzed in the framework of scaling normalized RSDs. Results show that the concentrations of small (big) raindrops were higher (smaller) in KOR than in OKL. KOR RSDs were also found to be characterized by relatively high characteristic number concentrations and small characteristic diameters when compared to OKL RSDs. The increases with increasing in both KOR and OKL at lower Z with the opposite trend at higher Z. In addition, OKL RSDs with indicate the existence of an equilibrium between coalescence and breakup processes. Rainfall estimation relationships between the rain rate R and radar variables were retrieved from scattering simulations at S-, C-, and X-band wavelengths. KOR RSDs showed relatively small horizontal reflectivity and specific differential phase shift at the same R and same wavelength when compared to OKL RSDs. The regional dependency was significant due to the different microphysical process in KOR and OKL. The specific attenuation of KOR was, however, similar to that of OKL only at S band, indicating an advantage of using specific attenuation in S band in rainfall estimation.
Composite Vertical-Motion Patterns near North American Polar–Subtropical Jet Superposition Events
Authors: Winters Andrew C. , Keyser Daniel , Bosart Lance F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA polar–subtropical jet superposition is preceded by the development of a polar cyclonic potential vorticity (PV) anomaly at high latitudes and a tropical anticyclonic PV anomaly at subtropical latitudes. A confluent large-scale flow pattern can lead to the juxtaposition of these respective PV anomalies at middle latitudes, resulting in the addition of the nondivergent circulations induced by each PV anomaly and an increase in upper-tropospheric wind speeds at the location of jet superposition. Once these PV anomalies become juxtaposed, vertical motion within the near-jet environment facilitates the advection and diabatic redistribution of tropopause-level PV, and the subsequent formation of the steep, single-step tropopause structure that characterizes a jet superposition. Given the importance of vertical motion during the formation of jet superpositions, this study adopts a quasigeostrophic (QG) diagnostic approach to quantify the production of vertical motion during three types of jet superposition events: polar dominant, eastern subtropical dominant, and western subtropical dominant. The diagnosis reveals that the geostrophic wind induced by polar cyclonic QGPV anomalies is predominantly responsible for QG vertical motion in the vicinity of jet superpositions. The QG vertical motion diagnosed from the along-isotherm component of theQvector, which represents the vertical motion associated with synoptic-scale waves, is dominant within the near-jet environment. The QG vertical motion diagnosed from the across-isotherm component of theQvector, which represents the vertical motion associated with frontal circulations in the vicinity of the jet, is subordinate within the near-jet environment, but is relatively more important during eastern subtropical dominant events compared to polar dominant and western subtropical dominant events.
HLA-mismatched donor and high ferritin level showed poor clinical outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with advanced myelofibrosis
Authors: Yoon Jae-Ho , Min Gi June , Park Sung-Soo , Park Silvia , Lee Sung-Eun , Cho Byung-Sik , Kim Yoo-Jin , Lee Seok , Kim Hee-Je , Min Chang-Ki , Cho Seok-Goo , Lee Jong Wook , Eom Ki-Seong 
Published: September 2020

Background: Preconditioning intensity, donor choice and graft- versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) for advanced myelofibrosis (MF) have not been fully elucidated. Methods: Thirty-five patients with advanced MF were treated with reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) allo-HCT. We searched for matched sibling donors first, followed by matched or mismatched unrelated donors and familial mismatched donors. Preconditioning regimen consisted of fludarabine (total 150 mg/m2) and busulfan (total 6.4 mg/kg) with total body irradiation ⩽400cGy. Results: All showed engraftments, but four showed either leukemic relapse or delayed graft failure. Two-year overall survival (OS) and non-relapse mortality (NRM) was 60.0% and 29.9%, respectively. Acute GVHD was observed in 19 patients, and grade III–IV acute GVHD (eight grade III and four grade IV) was higher in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched donor HCT compared with HLA-matched HCT (70% versus 20%). Chronic GVHD was observed in 16 patients, and a cumulative incidence of severe chronic GVHD was 33% in HLA-mismatched donor HCT and 7.7% in HLA-matched HCT. Significant hepatic GVHD was observed in nine patients (five acute, four chronic) and six of them died. Multivariate analysis revealed inferior OS in HLA-mismatched donor HCT (hazard ratio (HR) = 6.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6–25.7, p = 0.009) and in patients with high ferritin level at the time of pre-conditioning period (HR = 7.22, 95% CI 1.9–27.5, p = 0.004), which were related to higher incidence of hepatic GVHD with high NRM rate. Conclusion: RIC allo-HCT can be a valid choice providing graft- versus-fibrosis effect for advanced MF patients. However, HLA-mismatched donor and high pre-HCT ferritin level related to fatal hepatic GVHD should be regarded as poor-risk parameters.
Regional brain gray matter volume in world-class artistic gymnasts
Authors: Fukuo Makoto , Kamagata Koji , Kuramochi Mana , Andica Christina , Tomita Hiroyuki , Waki Hidefumi , Sugano Hidenori , Tange Yuichi , Mitsuhashi Takumi , Uchida Wataru , Takenaka Yuki , Hagiwara Akifumi , Harada Mutsumi , Goto Masami , Hori Masaaki , Aoki Shigeki , Naito Hisashi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe relationship between long-term intensive training and brain plasticity in gymnasts has recently been reported. However, the relationship between abilities in different gymnastic events and brain structural changes has not been explored. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between world-class gymnasts (WCGs)’ specific abilities in different gymnastics events and their gray matter (GM) volume. Ten right-handed Japanese male WCGs and 10 right-handed gender- and age-matched controls with no history of gymnastic training participated in this study. Whole brain three-dimensional T1-weighted images (magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo sequence) with 0.90 mm3 voxels were obtained using a 3 T-MRI scanner from each subject. Volume-based morphometry (VolBM) was used to compare GM volume differences between WCGs and controls. We then explored the correlation between specific gymnastic abilities using different gymnastic apparatuses, and GM volume. Significantly higher GM volumes (false discovery rate-corrected p < 0.05) in the inferior parietal lobule, middle temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus, rostral middle frontal gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus were demonstrated in WCGs, compared with controls using VolBM. Moreover, significant positive correlations were observed between brain regions and the difficulty scores for each gymnastic event, for example, rings and inferior parietal lobule and parallel bars and rostral middle frontal gyrus. These results may reflect the neural basis of an outstanding gymnastic ability resulting from brain plasticity in areas associated with spatial perception, vision, working memory, and motor control.
Estimating the number of usability problems affecting medical devices: modelling the discovery matrix
Authors: Vandewalle Vincent , Caron Alexandre , Delettrez Coralie , Périchon Renaud , Pelayo Sylvia , Duhamel Alain , Dervaux Benoit 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Usability testing of medical devices are mandatory for market access. The testings’ goal is to identify usability problems that could cause harm to the user or limit the device’s effectiveness. In practice, human factor engineers study participants under actual conditions of use and list the problems encountered. This results in a binary discovery matrix in which each row corresponds to a participant, and each column corresponds to a usability problem. One of the main challenges in usability testing is estimating the total number of problems, in order to assess the completeness of the discovery process. Today’s margin-based methods fit the column sums to a binomial model of problem detection. However, the discovery matrix actually observed is truncated because of undiscovered problems, which corresponds to fitting the marginal sums without the zeros. Margin-based methods fail to overcome the bias related to truncation of the matrix. The objective of the present study was to develop and test a matrix-based method for estimating the total number of usability problems.

Methods
The matrix-based model was based on the full discovery matrix (including unobserved columns) and not solely on a summary of the data (e.g. the margins). This model also circumvents a drawback of margin-based methods by simultaneously estimating the model’s parameters and the total number of problems. Furthermore, the matrix-based method takes account of a heterogeneous probability of detection, which reflects a real-life setting. As suggested in the usability literature, we assumed that the probability of detection had a logit-normal distribution.

Results
We assessed the matrix-based method’s performance in a range of settings reflecting real-life usability testing and with heterogeneous probabilities of problem detection. In our simulations, the matrix-based method improved the estimation of the number of problems (in terms of bias, consistency, and coverage probability) in a wide range of settings. We also applied our method to five real datasets from usability testing.

Conclusions
Estimation models (and particularly matrix-based models) are of value in estimating and monitoring the detection process during usability testing. Matrix-based models have a solid mathematical grounding and, with a view to facilitating the decision-making process for both regulators and device manufacturers, should be incorporated into current standards.
Tuberculosis clinical presentation and treatment outcomes in pregnancy: a prospective cohort study
Authors: van de Water Brittney J. , Brooks Meredith B. , Huang Chuan-Chin , Trevisi Letizia , Lecca Leonid , Contreras Carmen , Galea Jerome , Calderon Roger , Yataco Rosa , Murray Megan , Becerra Mercedes C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
There is limited research to guide TB treatment specifically in pregnant women and few studies have described the presentation of TB in pregnant women. We aimed to understand TB presentation and treatment outcomes in pregnant women in a low HIV burden setting. We describe a cohort of women of childbearing age treated for TB disease in Lima, Peru, and compare clinical presentation and treatment outcomes among pregnant and non-pregnant women between 2009 and 2012, including 36 pregnant women.

Methods
This is a prospective cohort study. Subjects were recruited from across 106 public health centers in Lima, Peru. Baseline demographic, medical history, and drug-susceptibility test results were collected. We used descriptive statistics to describe demographic and clinical characteristics of the women using Pearson chi-squared, Fisher’s exact tests, or Kruskal-Wallis.

Results
Among 4500 individuals with pulmonary TB disease, 1334 women were included in analysis with 36 (2.69%) pregnant women. Pregnant women had similar demographics, past medical histories, and clinical presentation to non-pregnant women, except being more likely to be married (p = 0.01) and have cardiac disease (p = 0.04) and less likely to have weight loss (p = 0.05). Twenty (71.4%) pregnant women had pan-susceptible TB compared with 616 (63.1%) non-pregnant women; four (14.3%) pregnant women had mono-resistant TB compared with 154 (15.8%) non-pregnant women; and four (14.3%) pregnant women had multi-drug-resistant TB compared with 140 (14.3%) of non-pregnant women (p = 0.53). Twenty-eight (96.6%) pregnant women had a successful outcome (cure, completed treatment, treatment ended early by clinical team) while one (3.4%) had an unsuccessful outcome (treatment failed) and 1074 (97.3%) non-pregnant women had a successful outcome while 30 (2.7%) had an unsuccessful outcome (p = 0.56).

Conclusion
In this cohort with low HIV co-infection, we found high TB treatment success rates in both pregnant and non-pregnant women, irrespective of drug-susceptibility profiles. If treated appropriately, pregnant women with TB disease can have successful outcomes.
Intraperitoneal ampicillin treatment for peritoneal dialysis- related peritonitis with Listeria monocytogenes – a case report
Authors: Boss Kristina , Wiegard-Szramek Ina , Dziobaka Jan , Kribben Andreas , Dolff Sebastian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis is a rare but serious complication and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates. It is most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis, but infection with Listeria monocytogenes may also occur. Recommendations for antibiotic treatment of a Listeria infection are currently based on a small number of case reports and suggest the administration of ampicillin. But unlike vancomycin or gentamicin, for ampicillin the route of application, the dosage, and the duration of treatment have not yet been established. We report a case in which PD-associated peritonitis due to Listeria infection was treated with ampicillin administered intravenously and intraperitoneally, separately and in combination.

Case presentation
A 72-year-old man with chronic kidney disease stage 5 dialysis (CKDG5D) secondary to hypertension and diabetes was hospitalised in April 2020 because of PD-related peritonitis caused by a Listeria infection. In accordance with the results of resistance tests, the patient was treated with intravenous ampicillin at a dosage of 6 g twice daily. After initial treatment the leukocyte count in the PD effluent had decreased substantially, but it was permanently reduced only with the addition of intraperitoneal ampicillin (4 g daily). Efficient serum concentrations of ampicillin were determined for both routes of administration, intravenous and intraperitoneal.

Conclusion
This is the first case report demonstrating that PD-related peritonitis due to Listeria monocytogenes infection can be treated with intraperitoneal ampicillin and monitored by the determination of peripheral serum concentrations of ampicillin.
Lower versus higher diagnostic criteria for the detection of gestational diabetes for reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity: study protocol for the GEMS randomised trial
Authors: Crowther Caroline A. , McCowan Lesley M. E. , Rowan Janet A. , Edlin Richard , McKinlay Christopher J. D. ,   for the GEMS Study Group
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has lifelong implications for the woman and her infant. Treatment reduces adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes although uncertainty remains about the optimal diagnostic criteria. The GEMS Trial aims to assess whether detection and treatment of women with GDM using the lower International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups diagnostic criteria compared with the higher criteria recommended in New Zealand reduces infant morbidity without increasing maternal morbidity.

Methods
GEMS is a multicentre, randomised trial. Women with a singleton pregnancy at 24 to 34 weeks’ gestation are eligible who give written informed consent. Women are randomly allocated to the Lower Criteria Group or the Higher Criteria Group. Women with a normal OGTT by their allocated criteria receive routine care (Higher criteria: fasting plasma glucose < 5.5 mmol/L, AND 2 hour < 9.0 mmol/L; Lower criteria: fasting plasma glucose < 5.1 mmol/L, AND 1 hour < 10.0 mmol/L, AND 2 hour < 8.5 mmol/l). Women with GDM on OGTT by their allocated criteria receive standard care for GDM (Higher criteria: fasting plasma glucose ≥ 5.5 mmol/L, OR 2 hour ≥ 9.0 mmol/L; Lower criteria: fasting plasma glucose ≥ 5.1 mmol/L, OR 1 hour ≥ 10.0 mmol/L, OR 2 hour ≥ 8.5 mmol/L). The primary outcome is large for gestational age (birth weight > 90th centile). Secondary outcomes for the infant include a composite of serious outcomes, gestational age, anthropometry, Apgar score < 4 at 5 minutes, lung disease, use of respiratory support, hypoglycaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, infection, and encephalopathy; and for the woman, a composite of serious outcomes, preeclampsia, induction of labour, mode of birth, weight gain, postpartum haemorrhage and infectious morbidity. A study with 4,158 women will detect an absolute difference of 2.9% in the proportion of large for gestational age infants from 10.0% using the lower criteria to 12.9% with the higher criteria.

Discussion
The GEMS Trial will provide high-level evidence relevant for clinical practice. If use of the lower diagnostic criteria results in significantly fewer large for gestational age infants and/or improves maternal and perinatal outcomes these criteria should be recommended for diagnosis of gestational diabetes.

Trial registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry registration number ACTRN12615000290594. Date registered: 27th March 2015.
Variation in management of humeral and clavicular shaft fractures amongst fellowship trained orthopedic traumatologists
Authors: Sharareh Behnam , Perkins Christopher 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
There exists a wide variety of opinions on the appropriate management of diaphyseal humeral and clavicular fractures amongst orthopedic surgeons.
The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a preference amongst orthopedic traumatologists on treatment of diaphyseal humerus and clavicle fractures with respect to various patient populations.

Methods
A 6-question survey was created using Surveymonkey.com and distributed via the Orthopedic Trauma Association (OTA) website to fellowship trained orthopedic surgery traumatologists to survey the preferred management of a simple oblique middle 1/3rd diaphyseal humerus fracture and a middle 1/3rd displaced diaphyseal clavicle fracture in the following 3 clinical settings: a healthy laborer, an older patient with co-morbidities, and if the surgeon themselves sustained the injury. The ratio of operative to non-operative management was calculated for all 6 questions. A chi-square value was performed to determine if the results are clinically significant based on the clinical scenario.

Results
There was 56 responses to the survey that were included in the analysis. Overall, there was a statistically significant trend towards surgical management of the surgeon’s own diaphyseal humerus fractures (55%) compared to that of healthy patients (41%) and those with medical comorbidities (21%) (p = 0.02) A similar trend was noted for operative management for diaphyseal clavicle fractures by the surgeon on their own fractures (43%) compared to that of healthy patients (38%) and those with medical comorbidities (18%) (p = 0.02).

Conclusion
While there are an increasing number of relative indications for treatment of diaphyseal humerus shaft and clavicle fractures, the results of this survey indicate that fellow-ship-trained orthopedic trauma surgeons prefer surgical management of simple humerus and clavicular fractures in young, healthy patients as well as in themselves.