bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resveratrol attenuates intestinal injury in irradiated rats via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Radwan Rasha R. , Karam Heba M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRadiation‐induced enteritis is one of the greatest challenges in radiotherapy. The current study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of resveratrol, which exhibits anti‐inflammatory property, against radiation‐induced intestinal injury in rats and to explore the underlying mechanism. Rats were exposed to a single dose of 5 Gy. Resveratrol (20 mg/kg/day) was orally administered to irradiated rats over 3 weeks. Results showed that resveratrol ameliorated the intestinal oxidative stress parameters; malondialdehyde (MDA) content, glutathione (GSH) level, and catalase (CAT) activity compared to irradiated group. Furthermore, resveratrol reduced the contents of inflammatory cytokines; tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), nuclear factor‐kappa (NF‐κB), and interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) in intestine. Western blotting analysis revealed that resveratrol down‐regulated the proteins expression of phosphoinositide 3‐kinases (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt) as well as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in intestinal tissues of irradiated rats and thus reduced the inflammatory mediator production. These results were confirmed by histopathological investigation. In conclusion, resveratrol attenuated intestinal inflammation following irradiation via modulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and thereby could be a promising adjuvant in radiotherapy.
Estimating Montezuma quail hatch date using primary molt at harvest
Authors: Randel Charles J. , Johnson C. Zach , Chavarria Pedro M. , LOPEZ ROEL R. , Silvy Nova J. , Tomeček John M. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae) is an arid‐land quail species found locally in the southwestern United States, and south into Mexico following the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range to Oaxaca. The reproductive season (Jun to Sep) for Montezuma quail is late compared with other quail species, excluding scaled quail (Callipepla squamata). We used plumage characteristics to age hunter‐harvested wings (harvested 2008–2009 in Pima and Santa Cruz counties, AZ, USA) and back‐dating methods based on primary‐feather molt to estimate hatch date. We found peak hatch occurred from late July to mid‐August, with 10.6% of estimated hatch dates in October, which is later than previously reported. Future research should focus on determining how annual precipitation influences hatch date using hunter‐harvested wings and back‐dating techniques. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
The Role of “eTrash2Cash” in Curtailing “Almajiri” Vulnerability in Nigeria Through Waste Management Social Micro-entrepreneurship
Authors: Abdullahi Alh. Muhammad Salisu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAmong the many complex challenges facing Nigerian society is the issue of Almajiranci, which literally means “begging” in the Hausa language. Almajiranci refers to the cultural and religious practice whereby Muslim parents and guardians in northern Nigeria entrust their children to itinerant scholars (Mallams) who, in turn, take the children to far-off destinations, supposedly in order to immerse them in Islamic education. Most of such youths end up striving for dignity and knowledge amidst extreme poverty. This chapter examines the vulnerability imposed on these children and the role of eTrash2Cash, a project aimed at improving the life conditions of targeted Almajiri youth.
Making Lives, Making Communities: Deaf Youth in Benin
Authors: Mildner Carsten 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBeing deaf is not a medical condition but a social role within both a community of peers and the broader society. Based on 12 months of field research in Benin, this chapter explores the pathways available to young deaf people, and the obstacles they confront, as they transition into adulthood. Through three life story sketches, the chapter illustrates how young deaf can maneuver within and beyond the deaf community to make a living and to make their lives. This process is a mélange of determining oneself and being determined.
Transthyretin at Admission and Over Time as a Marker for Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Trauma Patients: A Prospective Single‐Center Study
Authors: Haltmeier Tobias , Inaba Kenji , Durso Joseph , Khan Moazzam , Siboni Stefano , Cheng Vincent , Schnüriger Beat , Benjamin Elizabeth , Demetriades Demetrios 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundTransthyretin (TTR) has been described as a predictor for outcomes in medical and surgical patients. However, the association of TTR on admission and over time on outcomes has not yet been prospectively assessed in trauma patients.MethodsThis is a prospective observational study including trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a large Level I trauma center 05/2014–05/2015. TTR levels at ICU admission and all subsequent values over time were recorded. Patients were observed for 28 days or until hospital discharge. The association of outcomes and TTR levels at admission and over time was assessed using multivariable regression and generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis, respectively.ResultsA total of 237 patients with TTR obtained at admission were included, 69 of whom had repeated TTR measurements. Median age was 40.0 years and median ISS 16.0; 83.1% were male. Below‐normal TTR levels at admission (41.8%) were independently associated with higher in‐hospital mortality (p = 0.042), more infectious complications (p = 0.032), longer total hospital length of stay (LOS) (p = 0.013), and ICU LOS (p = 0.041). Higher TTR levels over time were independently associated with lower in‐hospital mortality (p = 0.015), fewer infections complications (p = 0.028), shorter total hospital and ICU LOS (both p < 0.001), and fewer ventilator days (0.004).ConclusionsIn critically ill trauma patients, below‐normal TTR levels at admission were independently associated with worse outcomes and higher TTR levels over time with better outcomes, including lower in‐hospital mortality, less infectious complications, shorter total hospital and ICU LOS, and fewer ventilator days. Based on these results, TTR may be considered as a prognostic marker in this patient population.
An EPR characterisation of stable and transient reactive oxygen species formed under radiative and non-radiative conditions
Authors: Richards E. , Murphy D. M. , Che M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractElectron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is the ideal method of choice when detecting and studying the wide variety of paramagnetic oxygen-centred radicals. For simple diatomic radicals, such as the superoxide (O2−) or peroxy$$ ({\text{ROO}}^{\bullet})$$(ROO∙)species, the CW EPR profile (in particular theg-values) of these species can appear similar and indeed indistinguishable in some cases. Experiments using17O-enriched oxygen, revealing a rich17O hyperfine pattern, are therefore essential to distinguish between the two species. However, in many cases, particularly involving TiO2photocatalysis, the peroxy-type$$ ({\text{ROO}}^{\bullet})$$(ROO∙)radicals or other intermediate species such as the [O2−…organic]-type adducts can be transient in nature and once again can produce similarg-values. In general terms, these reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed and detected at low-temperature conditions. Hence, the application of EPR spectroscopy to studies of surface-stabilised oxygen-centred radicals must be performed under carefully selected conditions in order to confidently distinguish between the differing types of diatomic radicals, such as O2−,$$ {\text{ROO}}^{\bullet}$$ROO∙or [O2−…organic].
Have we oversold the Silicon Valley model of entrepreneurship?
Authors: Audretsch David B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Silicon Valley model of entrepreneurship has captured the imagination of the public, the attention of the public policy community throughout the world who want to emulate it, and the focus of scholars seeking to understand it. Entrepreneurship has enabled the Silicon Valley region to harness the opportunities afforded by globalization rather than succumbing as a victim. The purpose of this paper is to suggest that there are limits to the Silicon Valley model of entrepreneurship in addressing the most compelling contemporary economic and social problems and that a broader, more inclusive understanding of and approach to entrepreneurship might be more useful.
Carbon nanotube micropillars trigger guided growth of complex human neural stem cells networks
Authors: Lorite Gabriela S. , Ylä-Outinen Laura , Janssen Lauriane , Pitkänen Olli , Joki Tiina , Koivisto Janne T. , Kellomäki Minna , Vajtai Robert , Narkilahti Susanna , Kordas Krisztian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
New strategies for spatially controlled growth of human neurons may provide viable solutions to treat and recover peripheral or spinal cord injuries. While topography cues are known to promote attachment and direct proliferation of many cell types, guided outgrowth of human neurites has been found difficult to achieve so far. Here, three-dimensional (3D) micropatterned carbon nanotube (CNT) templates are used to effectively direct human neurite stem cell growth. By exploiting the mechanical flexibility, electrically conductivity and texture of the 3D CNT micropillars, a perfect environment is created to achieve specific guidance of human neurites, which may lead to enhanced therapeutic effects within the injured spinal cord or peripheral nerves. It is found that the 3D CNT micropillars grant excellent anchoring for adjacent neurites to form seamless neuronal networks that can be grown to any arbitrary shape and size. Apart from clear practical relevance in regenerative medicine, these results using the CNT based templates on Si chips also can pave the road for new types of microelectrode arrays to study cell network electrophysiology.
Nutritional outcomes of empowerment and market integration for women in rural India
Authors: Gupta Soumya , Vemireddy Vidya , Pingali Prabhu L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Over half of all women of reproductive age are affected by anaemia in India. In this paper we study the role that both household market integration and women’s empowerment in agriculture can play in determining women’s dietary diversity. Our analysis is based on primary data from 3600 households across India on agriculture, nutrition and anthropometric outcomes. We account for market integration by way of per capita household purchases (quantity) of cereals and non- cereal food groups, such as pulses, meat/ fish/ poultry, fruits and vegetables, eggs and dairy. We construct an adapted version of the Abbreviated Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (A-WEAI) that is context- specific and agriculture- oriented. After controlling for individual, household and village- level explanatory factors, we find that – for a given level of per capita market purchases – women who are empowered in their agricultural decisions have significantly higher dietary diversity scores relative to women who are disempowered of such decisions. More specifically it is women’s empowerment in two areas: input in production decisions and membership in self- help groups that supports this result. Women’s empowerment also enhances dietary diversity in the presence of disaggregated per capita purchases of non-cereals such as pulses, meat, dairy and eggs. This highlights the importance of reorienting India’s agricultural price and procurement policies beyond staple grains to ensure better dietary diversity.
Practical algorithms for amyloid β probability in subjective or mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Maserejian Nancy , Bian Shijia , Wang Wenting , Jaeger Judith , Syrjanen Jeremy A. , Aakre Jeremiah , Jack Clifford R. , Mielke Michelle M. , Gao Feng ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and the AIBL research team
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionPractical algorithms predicting the probability of amyloid pathology among patients with subjective cognitive decline or mild cognitive impairment may help clinical decisions regarding confirmatory biomarker testing for Alzheimer's disease.MethodsAlgorithm feature selection was conducted with Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing data. Probability algorithms were developed in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative using nested cross‐validation accompanied by stratified subsampling to obtain 1000 internally validated decision trees. Semi‐independent validation was conducted using Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing. Independent external validation was conducted in the population‐based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging.ResultsTwo algorithms were developed using age and normalized immediate recall z‐scores, with or without apolipoprotein E ε4 carrier status. Both algorithms had robust performance across data sets and when substituting different recall memory tests.DiscussionThe statistical framework resulted in robust probability estimation. Application of these algorithms may assist in clinical decision‐making for further testing to diagnose amyloid pathology.
Impacts of silver-coated antimicrobial screen covers on the cell-phone microbiome of resident physicians
Authors: McCumber Alexander W. , Volkoff Savannah J. , Anderson Deverick J. , Gunsch Claudia K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn antimicrobial screen was applied to the cell phones of 26 resident physicians to determine its effects on the phone microbiome and its potential to serve as a selective agent for antibiotic or silver resistance genes. No increase of these genes was observed now was there a shift in the overall microbial community.
Coherence resonance in low-density jets
Authors: Zhu Yuanhang , Gupta Vikrant , Li Larry K. B. 
Published: October 2019

Coherence resonance (CR) is a phenomenon in which the response of a stable nonlinear system to external noise exhibits a peak in coherence at an intermediate noise amplitude. We report the first experimental evidence of CR in a hydrodynamic system, a low-density jet capable of undergoing both supercritical and subcritical Hopf bifurcations. By applying noise to the jet in its unconditionally stable regime, we find that, for both types of bifurcation, the coherence factor peaks at an intermediate noise amplitude and increases as the stability boundary is approached. We also find that the autocorrelation function decays differently between the two types of bifurcation, indicating that CR can reveal information about the nonlinearity of a system even before it bifurcates to a limit cycle. We then model the CR dynamics with a stochastically forced van der Pol oscillator calibrated in two different ways: (i) via the conventional method of measuring the amplitude evolution in transient experiments and (ii) via the system-identification method of Lee et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 862, 2019, pp. 200–215) based on the Fokker–Planck equation. We find better experimental agreement with the latter method, demonstrating the deficiency of the former method in identifying the correct form of system nonlinearity. The fact that CR occurs in the unconditionally stable regime, prior to both the Hopf and saddle-node points, implies that it can be used to forecast the onset of global instability. Although demonstrated here on a low-density jet, CR is expected to arise in almost all nonlinear dynamical systems near a Hopf bifurcation, opening up new possibilities for the development of global-instability precursors in a variety of hydrodynamic systems.
Memory and Language: Different Dynamics in the Two Aspects of Identity Politics in Post-Euromaidan Ukraine
Authors: Kulyk Volodymyr 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe article compares the post-Euromaidan Ukrainian politics in the domains of memory and language, two prominent aspects of the politics of identity that have been sites of controversy since the early years of independence. It examines the government’s behavior in the two domains, taking into account constraints presented by opposition parties, civil society, foreign states and international organizations, and the perceived preferences of the population. In both cases, the government must reconcile the active minority’s call for a radical break with the imperial legacy and the majority’s preference for the preservation of the accustomed environment. However, the Ukrainian leadership chose very different courses for the two domains. While pursuing a rather radical nationalist agenda with regard to memory, they largely refrained from a resolute promotion of the Ukrainian language. This difference does not reflect popular preferences and rather can be explained by politicians’ misperception of what the population wants, as well as their apprehension of policies that would radically change the country’s linguistic landscape and thus their own everyday life.
Constitutionalism and Anti-Privatisation Strikes: Introducing an Eclectic Model
Authors: Litor Lilach 
Published: October 2019

The rise of neoliberal agendas of political actors and a wave of privatisation in the globalisation era have often been followed by anti-privatisation strikes. These are union strikes against the privatisation process and against contracting out and opening markets to competition. The article presents the distinction between different versions of constitutionalism regarding anti-privatisation strikes. It discusses two approaches to constitutionalism – the economic approach and the collective approach – and their manifestation in the case law of Israel and the United Kingdom.The collective approach suggests the recognition of a constitutional status of collective rights as a basis for counter-balancing the neoliberal practices of regulators and political actors. Following the effects of liberalisation on the labour market – both in influencing union organisational capacity and in weakening job security of individual employees, the collective approach is aimed at protecting employees’ rights in a globalised-privatised era. Within the collective approach, constitutionalism is used as a basis for recognising anti-privatisation strikes. In contrast, the economic approach denies the existence of a constitutional right to strike against privatisation.The article presents an eclectic model which merges the two approaches, and advocates its adoption. Drawing on New Institutional Economics, the eclectic model offers a theory for moderating the constitutionalism practice and developing partial and restrained constitutionalism. It proposes the adoption of a constitutional right to strike against privatisation, when its application reduces transaction costs and advances efficiency and economic goals for the benefit of the public.
TRPA1 expression provides new insights into thermal perception by the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius
Authors: Ding Jingyun , Yu Yushi , Yang Mingfang , Shi Dongtao , Li Zequn , Chi Xiaomei , Chang Yaqing , Wang Qingzhi , Zhao Chong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThermal perception is crucial for the fitness of marine invertebrates in intertidal and shallow waters. TRPA1 is a non-selective cation channel that belongs to the TRP family with pivotal roles in initiating signal transduction of thermal perception. We investigated expression patterns of SiTRPA1 in different tissues (tube feet, coelomocytes, gonads and gut) of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. SiTRPA1 expression patterns under acute and long-term temperature stimuli were investigated in tube feet of sea urchins. In the present study, the highest expression of SiTRPA1 was detected in tube feet of S. intermedius. The SiTRPA1 expression level in tube feet were significantly 235.7-fold, 450.0-fold and 3299.7-fold higher than those in the coelomocytes, gonads and gut (df = 3, F = 47.382, P < 0.001). Expression levels of SiTRPA1 in the other tissues (coelomocytes, gonads and gut) were not significantly different (df = 3, F = 47.382, P = 0.972). There was no significant difference of SiTRPA1 expression among all groups in the acute temperature increase experiment (df = 4, F = 0.25, P = 0.902). In the acute temperature decrease experiment, the expression of SiTRPA1 showed no significant difference among all groups (df = 4, F = 1.802, P = 0.205). With long-term exposure (6 weeks) to different temperatures, SiTRPA1 expression in the low temperature group (10°C) was significantly higher than those in the high temperature (20°C) and the control groups (15°C) (df = 2, F = 9.57, P = 0.014). There was no significant difference of SiTRPA1 expression between the high temperature (20°C) and the control temperature (15°C) groups (df = 2, F = 9.57, P = 0.808). These results indicate that SiTRPA1 expression significantly responds to long-term low temperature but not to acute temperature decrease. The present study provides new insights on the distribution and temporal expression of TRPA1 in marine invertebrates after acute and long-term temperature stimuli.
Non-for-Profits and EU Citizens’ Cross-Border Social Rights in Different Welfare States
Authors: BRUZELIUS CECILIA 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper looks at rights in practice to understand how migrant EU citizens’ formal social rights translate into substantive ones. It highlights a factor thus far overlooked in the literature on welfare states and migrants’ social rights: namely, the actors involved in welfare delivery. The argument is based, first, on non-profit organisations’ (NPOs) function as ‘rights intermediaries’; and second, on the distinct make-up of the ‘welfare mix’ across countries, with which NPO’s role in the provision of services, and hence their capacities and autonomy, varies. Focusing on EU citizens’ cross-border social rights, and drawing on in-depth research in Germany and Sweden, the paper reveals how NPOs defend and facilitate access to rights in both countries. Yet NPOs’ extensive role in the German welfare sector generates greater capacities for NPOs to pursue inclusive objectives than what is available to their Swedish counterparts, which occupy a much more limited position as welfare providers. This, it is argued, can be important for understanding how boundaries of social citizenship are drawn in each country.
Self-Report Tools for Assessing Physical Activity in Community-Living Older Adults with Multiple Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review of Psychometric Properties and Feasibility
Authors: Garnett Anna , Ploeg Jenny , Markle-Reid Maureen , Strachan Patricia H. 
Published: October 2019

RÉSUMÉIdentifier l’outil d’autodéclaration de l’activité physique (AP) le plus adapté pour l’évaluation de l’AP chez les personnes âgées vivant dans la communauté qui sont atteintes de multiples maladies chroniques (MMC). L’AP peut avoir une influence positive sur la santé physique et psychologique de cette population. Bien qu’il existe des outils d’auto-évaluation de l’AP, les propriétés psychométriques et la faisabilité de l’utilisation de ces outils chez les personnes âgées avec MMC sont peu connues. Une revue systématique des études publiées entre 2000 et 2018 portant sur les propriétés psychométriques et la faisabilité de 18 outils d’auto-évaluation élaborés pour les personnes âgées vivant en communauté (≥ 65 ans) a été réalisée en vue de déterminer leur pertinence pour les personnes âgées atteintes de MMC. L’évaluation des données disponibles sur les propriétés psychométriques et la faisabilité des 18 outils d’auto-évaluation de l’activité physique a permis d’établir que l’Échelle d’évaluation de l’activité physique chez les personnes âgées (Physical Activity Assessment Scale for the Elderly; PASE) est l’outil d’auto-évaluation le plus adapté, qui devrait être recommandé pour la population de personnes âgées avec MMC.