bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Azimuthally Averaged Wind and Thermodynamic Structures of Tropical Cyclones in Global Climate Models and Their Sensitivity to Horizontal Resolution
Authors: Moon Yumin , Kim Daehyun , Camargo Suzana J. , Wing Allison A. , Sobel Adam H. , Murakami Hiroyuki , Reed Kevin A. , Scoccimarro Enrico , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Wehner Michael F. , Zarzycki Colin M. , Zhao Ming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCharacteristics of tropical cyclones (TCs) in global climate models (GCMs) are known to be influenced by details of the model configurations, including horizontal resolution and parameterization schemes. Understanding model-to-model differences in TC characteristics is a prerequisite for reducing uncertainty in future TC activity projections by GCMs. This study performs a process-level examination of TC structures in eight GCM simulations that span a range of horizontal resolutions from 1° to 0.25°. A recently developed set of process-oriented diagnostics is used to examine the azimuthally averaged wind and thermodynamic structures of the GCM-simulated TCs. Results indicate that the inner-core wind structures of simulated TCs are more strongly constrained by the horizontal resolutions of the models than are the thermodynamic structures of those TCs. As expected, the structures of TC circulations become more realistic with smaller horizontal grid spacing, such that the radii of maximum wind (RMW) become smaller, and the maximum vertical velocities occur off the center. However, the RMWs are still too large, especially at higher intensities, and there are rising motions occurring at the storm centers, inconsistently with observations. The distributions of precipitation, moisture, and radiative and surface turbulent heat fluxes around TCs are diverse, even across models with similar horizontal resolutions. At the same horizontal resolution, models that produce greater rainfall in the inner-core regions tend to simulate stronger TCs. When TCs are weak, the radial gradient of net column radiative flux convergence is comparable to that of surface turbulent heat fluxes, emphasizing the importance of cloud–radiative feedbacks during the early developmental phases of TCs.
Assessing the Representation of Australian Regional Climate Extremes and Their Associated Atmospheric Circulation in Climate Models
Authors: Tozer Carly R. , Risbey James S. , Monselesan Didier P. , Squire Dougal T. , Chamberlain Matthew A. , Matear Richard J. , Ziehn Tilo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe assess the representation of multiday temperature and rainfall extremes in southeast Australia in three coupled general circulation models (GCMs) of varying resolution. We evaluate the statistics of the modeled extremes in terms of their frequency, duration, and magnitude compared to observations, and the model representation of the midtropospheric circulation (synoptic and large scale) associated with the extremes. We find that the models capture the statistics of observed heatwaves reasonably well, though some models are “too wet” to adequately capture the observed duration of dry spells but not always wet enough to capture the magnitude of extreme wet events. Despite the inability of the models to simulate all extreme event statistics, the process evaluation indicates that the onset and decay of the observed synoptic structures are well simulated in the models, including for wet and dry extremes. We also show that the large-scale wave train structures associated with the observed extremes are reasonably well simulated by the models although their broader onset and decay is not always captured in the models. The results presented here provide some context for, and confidence in, the use of the coupled GCMs in climate prediction and projection studies for regional extremes.
Atlantic Multidecadal Variability and Associated Climate Impacts Initiated by Ocean Thermohaline Dynamics
Authors: Kim Who M. , Yeager Stephen , Danabasoglu Gokhan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe sea surface temperature (SST) signature of Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) is a key driver of climate variability in surrounding regions. Low-frequency Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variability is often invoked as a key driving mechanism of AMV-related SST anomalies. However, the origins of both AMV and multidecadal AMOC variability remain areas of active research and debate. Here, using coupled ensemble experiments designed to isolate the climate response to buoyancy forcing associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation in the Labrador Sea, we show that ocean dynamical changes are the essential drivers of AMV and related climate impacts. Atmospheric teleconnections also play an important role in rendering the full AMV pattern by transmitting the ocean-driven subpolar SST signal into the rest of the basin, including the tropical North Atlantic. As such, the atmosphere response to the tropical AMV in our experiments is limited to a relatively small area in the Atlantic sector in summertime, suggesting that it could be overestimated in widely adopted protocols for AMV pacemaker experiments.
Comparison of Rainfall Products over Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Le Coz Camille , van de Giesen Nick 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn ever-increasing number of rainfall estimates is available. They are used in many important applications such as flood/drought monitoring, water management, or climate monitoring. Such data are especially valuable in sub-Saharan Africa, where rainfall has considerable socioeconomic impacts and the gauge and radar networks are sparse. The choice of a rainfall product can significantly influence the performance of such applications. This study reviews previous works, evaluating or comparing rainfall products over different parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Three types of rainfall products are considered: the gauge-only, the satellite-based, and the reanalysis ones. In addition to the global rainfall products, we included three regional ones specifically developed for Africa: the African Rainfall Climatology version 2 (ARC2), the Rainfall Estimate version 2 (RFE2), and the Tropical Applications of Meteorology Using Satellite Data and Ground-Based Observations (TAMSAT) African Rainfall Climatology and Time Series (TARCAT). The gauge density, the orography, and the rainfall regime, which vary with the climate and the season, influence the performance of the rainfall products. This review does not focus on comparing results, as many other publications doing so are already available. Instead, we propose this review as a guide through the different rainfall products available over Africa, and the factors influencing their performances. With this review, the reader can make informed decisions about which products serve their specific purpose best.
Application of a Dynamic Clustered Bayesian Model Averaging (DCBA) Algorithm for Merging Multisatellite Precipitation Products over Pakistan
Authors: Rahman Khalil Ur , Shang Songhao , Shahid Muhammad , Wen Yeqiang , Khan Zeeshan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMerged multisatellite precipitation datasets (MMPDs) combine the advantages of individual satellite precipitation products (SPPs), have a tendency to reduce uncertainties, and provide higher potentials to hydrological applications. This study applied a dynamic clustered Bayesian model averaging (DCBA) algorithm to merge four SPPs across Pakistan. The DCBA algorithm produced dynamic weights to different SPPs varying both spatially and temporally to accommodate the spatiotemporal differences of SPP performances. The MMPD is developed at daily temporal scale from 2000 to 2015 with spatial resolution of 0.25° using extensively evaluated SPPs and a global atmospheric reanalysis–precipitation dataset: Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42V7, Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information Using Artificial Neural Networks–Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR), Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH), and ERA-Interim. The DCBA algorithm is evaluated across four distinct climate regions of Pakistan over 102 ground precipitation gauges (GPGs). DCBA forecasting outperformed all four SPPs with average Theil’s U of 0.49, 0.38, 0.37, and 0.36 in glacial, humid, arid, and hyperarid regions, respectively. The average mean bias error (MBE), mean error (MAE), root-mean-square error (RMSE), correlation coefficient (CC), and standard deviation (SD) of DCBA over all of Pakistan are 0.54, 1.40, 4.94, 0.77, and 5.17 mm day−1, respectively. Seasonal evaluation revealed a dependency of DCBA performance on precipitation magnitude/intensity and elevation. Relatively poor DCBA performance is observed in premonsoon/monsoon seasons and at high/mild elevated regions. Average improvements of DCBA in comparison with TMPA are 59.56% (MBE), 49.37% (MAE), 45.89% (RMSE), 19.48% (CC), 46.7% (SD), and 18.66% (Theil’s U). Furthermore, DCBA efficiently captured extreme precipitation trends (premonsoon/monsoon seasons).
Decline in Terrestrial Moisture Sources of the Mississippi River Basin in a Future Climate
Authors: Benedict Imme , van Heerwaarden Chiel C. , van der Ent Ruud J. , Weerts Albrecht H. , Hazeleger Wilco 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAssessment of the impact of climate change on water resources over land requires knowledge on the origin of the precipitation and changes therein toward the future. We determine the origin of precipitation over the Mississippi River basin (MRB) using high-resolution (~25 km) climate model simulations for present and future climate (RCP4.5). Moisture resulting in precipitation over the MRB is tracked back in time using Eulerian offline moisture tracking, in order to find out from where this water originally evaporated (i.e., the moisture sources). We find that the most important continental moisture sources are the MRB itself and the area southwest of the basin. The two most relevant oceanic sources are the Gulf of Mexico/Caribbean and the Pacific. The distribution of sources varies per season, with more recycling of moisture within the basin during summer and more transport of moisture from the ocean toward the basin in winter. In future winters, we find an increase in moisture source from the oceans (related to higher sea surface temperatures), resulting in more precipitation over the MRB. In future summers, we find an approximately 5% decrease in moisture source from the basin itself, while the decrease in precipitation is smaller (i.e., lower recycling ratios). The results here are based on one climate model, and we do not study low-frequency climate variability. We conclude that Mississippi’s moisture sources will become less local in a future climate, with more water originating from the oceans.
Long-run Behaviour of Oil Consumption in the Chinese Economy
Authors: Tang Chor Foon , Chandran V.G.R. 
Published: November 2019

China is a major consumer of global oil output. China’s burgeoning demand for oil has had a disproportionate impact on both global oil production and prices. Hence, knowledge about the long-run oil consumption patterns in China is crucial given its significant impact on the Chinese economy and by extension, on the world economy. This study aims to examine the influence of real output, oil price, industrialisation, and financial development on oil consumption patterns in China from 1965 to 2016. The results indicate that oil consumption in China is responsive to oil price, industrialisation, financial development, and real output. The long-run elasticity of industrialisation, financial development, oil price, and real output are approximately 1.23, 0.91, –0.84, and 0.39, respectively. The results affirm the critical role played by industrialisation in determining oil consumption patterns in China, which has implications on both policy formulation and direction. JEL Classification: C32, O13, Q43
A healthy diet and physical activity are important to promote healthy ageing among older Chinese people
Authors: Feng Zeyun , Cramm Jane Murray , Nieboer Anna Petra 
Published: November 2019

Objective To examine the associations between multiple health behaviours and health outcomes among older Chinese adults. Methods Data from the World Health Organization’s Study on global AGEing and adult health Wave 1 (2007–2010), collected among the older Chinese population, were included in this study. Smoking, diet, and physical activity were analysed by linear regression for any associations with depressive symptoms, quality of life (QoL), cognitive function, and physical function. Results A total of 13 367 participants aged >49 years were included in the analyses. After controlling for key socioeconomic factors, healthy diet was significantly associated with higher QoL (β = 0.099) and better cognitive function (β = 0.023). Physical activity was significantly associated with fewer depressive symptoms (β = –0.020), higher QoL (β = 0.086), better cognitive function (β = 0.072), and better physical function (β = –0.155 [higher scores = poorer physical function]). No relationship was found between smoking and any health-related outcome included in this study. Conclusion This study demonstrates the importance of healthy diet and physical activity for health outcomes in the older Chinese population.
CT appearance of presumptively normal intrathoracic lymph nodes in cats
Authors: Smith Alexander J , Sutton Dawn R , Major Alison C 
Published: November 2019

Objectives Thoracic CT is commonly performed in cats and has been shown to be more sensitive than radiography for the detection of lymphadenopathy. However, no studies to date have reported the normal CT appearance of feline intrathoracic lymph nodes. The aim of this study was to describe the distribution, number, size and attenuation of presumed normal intrathoracic lymph nodes in cats. Methods Retrospective analysis of the imaging archive in a teaching hospital identified cats that had undergone thoracic CT and were deemed to have no evidence of either intra- or extrathoracic disease that would influence the size of the intrathoracic lymph nodes. Lymph nodes were classified into lymph centres based on anatomical references. Descriptions of the position of each node, number of nodes in each centre, size of each node and attenuation pre- and post-contrast were recorded. Statistical analysis aimed to assess for correlations between these factors and the age, weight and sex of the subjects. Results Twenty cats were included in the study. One or more lymph nodes were identified in the sternal (n = 19/20), cranial mediastinal (n = 14/20) and tracheobronchial (n = 15/20) centres, while none were identified in other locations. Size varied between lymph centres and within lymph centres where more than one lymph node was identified. Tracheobronchial and sternal nodes were consistent in location, while mediastinal nodes were variable. All nodes were round to ellipsoid in shape and showed moderate enhancement post-contrast. No significant correlations were found with age, weight or sex. Conclusions and relevance This study describes the CT characteristics of presumed normal intrathoracic lymph nodes in cats, and only identified nodes in the sternal, cranial mediastinal and tracheobronchial locations. This study serves as a reference point for CT analysis of feline thoracic lymph nodes.
Exploring Relationships Among Peripheral Amyloid Beta, Tau, Cytokines, Cognitive Function, and Psychosomatic Symptoms in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Henneghan Ashley , Haley Andreana P. , Kesler Shelli 
Published: November 2019

Objective: Accelerated brain aging has been proposed to explain cancer-related cognitive impairment, but empirical evidence for this relationship is lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau, biomarkers of neurodegeneration, in relation to cognition in breast cancer survivors (BCSs). We explored relationships among peripheral concentrations of Aβ42, Aβ-40, tau, and cytokines; cognitive function; and psychosomatic symptoms in a cohort of BCSs post-chemotherapy. Methods: This secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study was conducted with 65 BCSs. Serum total Aβ-42, Aβ-40, and tau levels were measured with single molecule array technology. Cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF], interferon [IFN]-g, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL1-b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, and IL-8) were simultaneously measured in serum using multiplex assays. Cognitive function was measured with five standardized neuropsychological tests and psychosomatic symptoms (stress, loneliness, anxiety, depressive symptoms, fatigue, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness) with self-report questionnaires. Data analyses included correlations and random forest regression (RFR). Results: Significant correlations were identified among hip-to-waste ratio, number of treatment modalities, Aβ-42, Aβ-40, and tau levels ( rs = .27–.35, ps < .05). RFR modeling including Aβ-42, Aβ-40, tau, and cytokines as features explained significant variance in cognitive function ( R 2 = .71, F = 9.01, p < .0001) and psychosomatic symptoms ( R 2 = .74, F = 10.22, p < .0001). Conclusions: This study suggests that neurodegenerative biomarkers interact with cytokines to influence cognitive functioning and psychosomatic symptoms in BCSs following chemotherapy, but additional research is needed.
Quality of Life and Traditional Outcome Results at 1 Year in Elderly Patients Having Critical Limb Ischemia and the Role of Conservative Treatment
Authors: Steunenberg Stijn L. , de Vries Jolanda , Raats Jelle W. , Verbogt Nathalie , Lodder Paul , van Eijck Geert-Jan , Veen Eelco J. , de Groot Hans G.W. , Ho Gwan H. , der Laan Lijckle van 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Revascularization is the cornerstone of the treatment of critical limb ischemia (CLI), but the number of elderly frail patients increase. Revascularization is not always possible in these patients and conservative therapy seems to be an option. The goals of this study are to analyze the 1-year quality of life (QoL) results and mortality rates of elderly patients with CLI and to investigate if conservative treatment could be an acceptable treatment option. Methods: Patients with CLI ≥70 years old were included in a prospective observational cohort study in 2 hospitals in the Netherlands between 2012 and 2016 and were divided over 3 treatment modalities: endovascular therapy, surgical revascularization, and conservative treatment. The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQoL-Bref) instrument, a generic QoL assessment tool that includes components of physical, psychological, social relationships and environment, was used to evaluate QoL at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year. Results: In total, 195 patients (56% male, 33% Rutherford 4, mean age of 80) were included. Physical QoL significantly increased after surgical (10.4 vs 14.9, P < .001), endovascular (10.9 vs 13.7, P < .001), and conservative therapy (11.6 vs 13.2, P = .01) at 1 year. One-year mortality was relatively low after surgery (10%) compared to endovascular (40%) and conservative therapy (37%). Conclusion: The results of this study could not be used to designate the superior treatment used in elderly patients with CLI. Conservative treatment could be an acceptable treatment option in selected patients with CLI unfit for revascularization. Treatment of choice in elderly patients with CLI is based on multiple factors and should be individualized in a shared decision-making process.
Daytime and nighttime correlates of fatigue and lack of energy in adults living with HIV
Authors: Jong SoSon , Lee Kathryn A , Gay Caryl L 
Published: November 2019

Objective To describe correlates of fatigue and lack of energy symptoms in adults living with HIV. Methods Adults living with HIV were recruited if they were ≥45 years old, unemployed, and reported either fatigue or lack of energy in the past week. HIV-associated correlates included CD4 cell count, viral load, and hemoglobin. Daytime correlates included physical activity, daytime sleepiness, napping behavior, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Nighttime correlates included use of sleep medication, sleep duration, and sleep quality. Outcomes included physical and cognitive function. Results Most (70%) of the 53 participants were male. The mean age was 56.7 ± 6.7 years and participants had been living with HIV for a mean of 22 ± 6.4 years. Controlling for all other factors, African Americans reported less fatigue and more energy than other racial/ethnic groups. Lack of energy was associated with daytime napping and cognitive function. Fatigue was associated with shorter nighttime sleep duration, anxiety, and both physical and cognitive function. Discussion Findings highlight potential differences between lack of energy and fatigue that could influence intervention outcomes. Avoiding daytime naps and encouraging longer nighttime sleep may improve fatigue as well as physical and cognitive function in this chronic illness population.
Comparative transcriptional analysis of Capsicum flower buds between a sterile flower pool and a restorer flower pool provides insight into the regulation of fertility restoration
Authors: Wei Bingqiang , Wang Lanlan , Bosland Paul W. , Zhang Gaoyuan , Zhang Ru 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and its restoration of fertility (Rf) system is an important mechanism to produce F1 hybrid seeds. Understanding the interaction that controls restoration at a molecular level will benefit plant breeders. The CMS is caused by the interaction between mitochondrial and nuclear genes, with the CMS phenotype failing to produce functional anthers, pollen, or male gametes. Thus, understanding the complex processes of anther and pollen development is a prerequisite for understanding the CMS system. Currently it is accepted that the Rf gene in the nucleus restores the fertility of CMS, however the Rf gene has not been cloned. In this study, CMS line 8A and the Rf line R1, as well as a sterile pool (SP) of accessions and a restorer pool (RP) of accessions analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CMS and its fertility restorer using the conjunction of RNA sequencing and bulk segregation analysis.

Results
A total of 2274 genes were up-regulated in R1 as compared to 8A, and 1490 genes were up-regulated in RP as compared to SP. There were 891 genes up-regulated in both restorer accessions, R1 and RP, as compared to both sterile accessions, 8A and SP. Through annotation and expression analysis of co-up-regulated expressed genes, eight genes related to fertility restoration were selected. These genes encode putative fructokinase, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase, pectate lyase, exopolygalacturonase, pectinesterase, cellulose synthase, fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein and phosphoinositide phospholipase C. In addition, a phosphatidylinositol signaling system and an inositol phosphate metabolism related to the fertility restorer of CMS were ranked as the most likely pathway for affecting the restoration of fertility in pepper.

Conclusions
Our study revealed that eight genes were related to the restoration of fertility, which provides new insight into understanding the molecular mechanism of fertility restoration of CMS in Capsicum.