bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity, Sitting, Quality of Life, and Resilience in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Taylor Katrina , Scruggs Philip W. , Balemba Onesmo B. , Wiest Michelle M. , Vella Chantal A. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBackground: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of autoimmune diseases characterized by the cyclical nature of flare and remission periods that can affect health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Physical activity can benefit HRQOL in the general population and in individuals with chronic diseases. However, there is a paucity of data on physical activity and HRQOL in IBD. The purpose was to characterize physical activity, sitting, HRQOL, and resilience levels in people with IBD (in remission and disease flare) compared with healthy controls.Methods: Participants with IBD (n = 242; 96 in disease flare and 146 in disease remission) and healthy controls (n = 265) reported levels of physical activity, sitting, HRQOL, and resilience. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance, with demographic variables as covariates.Results: IBD participants reported lower physical activity and resilience than controls (P &lt; 0.05) with no differences between disease states. Time spent sitting was not different across groups (P = 0.07). There were lower scores of physical and mental HRQOL in people with IBD (44.2 ± 9.7 and 40.7 ± 11.7, respectively) than controls (55.9 ± 6.0 and 48.1 ± 10.0, respectively; P &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that people with IBD have lower levels of physical activity, HRQOL, and resilience than healthy controls but no difference in time spent sitting. There were no apparent negative consequences of a disease flare on physical activity and resilience levels; however, those in a flare reported reduced HRQOL. Research should begin to focus on physical activity or mental skills training interventions for improving HRQOL in people with IBD, particularly those in a disease flare.
Fitness and Fatness: Body Mass Index versus Percent Body Fat
Authors: Bunn Jennifer , Eustace Danielle , Miskech Taylor , Manor John , Jiroutek Michael 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBackground: Body mass index (BMI) is frequently used to evaluate risk of disease, but can be misleading because it does not account for different types of tissue mass (e.g., bone, muscle, fat). The purpose of this study was to classify adults in the United States according to cardiovascular fitness (CVF), BMI, and body fat using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data.Methods: The three most current NHANES datasets (6,648 records) were included. Counts, means, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) determined the distribution of CVF across percent of body fat and BMI categories.Results: According to BMI, approximately 42.3% of participants were classified as either underweight or normal weight, and 24.9% were classified as obese. According to percent of body fat, 13.5% of subjects were classified as lean, while 68.4% of subjects were in the high percent body fat group. In regard to BMI, 9.9% and 6.7% of the overweight and obese populations, respectively, were classified in the highest third of CVF. According to adiposity, 6.6% and 21.0% of the moderate and high percent body fat population fell into the same category, respectively.Conclusion: Two-thirds of the population ranked below the 35th percentile for body fat (high percent body fat), with more of these individuals in the low CVF category than any other. The largest categorization for BMI was the normal-weight category. This supports that BMI may be misleading, and that utilizing percent body fat and CVF may provide a better indication of health.
Mortality in Emergency Services in a University Teaching Hospital: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Shrestha Tirtha Man , Aacharya Ramesh P , Neupane Ram P , Prajapati Bigyan 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Emergency services are the gateway between the community and hospital that provides 24-hour access for most needy patients in critical and emergency conditions. Mortality rate varies in emergency department across the world and even in different emergency units of the same hospital. This retrospective study was done in adult emergency services of a tertiary hospital to determine mortality rate and analyze causes of death.
Methods: A retrospective observational study of mortality cases to analyze mortality rate and causes of death of patients for a period of 6 months between October 2017 to March 2018 was carried out in the adult emergency services of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. Data required were collected from copies of death certificates.
Results: During the study period, a total of 128 patients died in emergency, accounting 0.5% of total patient. Male deaths (52.3%) were slightly higher compared to female deaths (47.7%). Age group 66-75 years had the highest (24.2%) of total mortalities in the emergency. The most common immediate cause of death was sepsis/septic shock (21.9%) followed by cardiopulmonary arrest, aspiration, respiratory failure, other causes of shock and poisoning. The commonest antecedent cause of death was attributed to respiratory causes. Similarly, the most common contributory cause of death was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Conclusion: Older age group is prone to the mortality risk. Sepsis/septic shock was the most common immediate cause of death. Pneumonia was the most common antecedent causes of death. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was the commonest contributory cause.
Outcome Analysis of Lipomeningomyelocele Repair in Children in a Tertiary Care Center in Nepal
Authors: Koirala Puspa R , Pradhanang Amit B , Sedain Gopal , Sharma Mohan R 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Lipomeningomyelocele (LMM) is a common neural tube defect especially prevalent in low income countries. When they get appropriate care, long term result is generally good provided the patient receives good neurosurgical, pediatric and rehabilitation care. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Our aim was to analyze immediate and long-term results of lipomeningomyelocele repair in symptomatic patients presenting to TU Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Methods: Thirteen patients admitted to Department of Neurosurgery from January 2017 to December 2018 were evaluated. All patients underwent MRI of whole spine before surgery. Surgical procedures involved total excision of lipoma and repair in 10 patients and subtotal excision and repair in 3 patients. Division of filum terminable could be donein 8 patients. Follow up varied from 6 months to 2 years.
Results: This study included 8 (61.5 %) patients of lumbosacral LMM, 3 (23%) patients of sacral LMM and 2 (15.38%) patients of thoracolumbar LMM. About 2 (15.38%) were operated before 3 months of age, 2 (15.38%) were operated between 3-6 months of age, 5 (38.46%) were operated between 6-12 months of age and 4 (30.7%) were operated after 1 year. All children except one presented with lump on back since birth and four presented with urinary incontinence, one presented with bilateral club foot. Four (30.7%) patients had weakness of one or both lower limbs. Two (15.38%) patients had improvement in urinary incontinence, two unchanged and one had developed urinary incontinence postoperatively. Four children with had weakness of lower limbs; one patient improved whereas three patients did not improve postoperatively. There was no development of post operative hydrocephalus after LMM repair. Three (23%) patients developed wound infection who responded well with regular dressings and antibiotics.
Conclusion: Lipomeningomyelocele repair can be done with satisfactory outcome with total excision of lipoma and division of filum terminale. Patients with residual diploma and undivided filum terminale should be observed closely for the development of progressive neurological deterioration.
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Neurosurgical Patients: A Tertiary Care Center Study
Authors: Shrestha Dipendra K , Rajbhandari Binod , Pradhanang Amit , Sedain Gopal , Shilpakar Sushil K , Pradhan Saurav 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a well recognized complication in patients who are admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). A number of factors have been suspected or identified to increase the risk of VAP in Neurosurgical patients. Early and rapid diagnosis and initiation of the appropriate antibiotic treatment reduce mortality and decrease the development of MDR organisms. The aim of our study is to determine the incidence of VAP in the neurosurgical patients and also to assess the probable contributing neurosurgical risk factors and find out the causative bacterial pathogens and the resistant pattern of these bacteria in neurosurgical patient in ICU of our institute
Methods: A retrospective observational study of 106 neurosurgical patients who were on mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours was done.
Results: Out of 106 patients, 35 patients fulfilled the clinical and microbiological criteria for the diagnosis of VAP. The commonest age group involved was between 15-25 years of age with male preponderance. Head injury was the commonest etiology. There was a linear correlation between the number of days in ICU and the development of VAP. The majority of the pathogen isolated were gram-negative bacteria and all were sensitive to Colistin.
Conclusion: Head injury is a significant risk factor for VAP. Prolonged mechanical ventilation is an important risk factor for VAP.
Comparison of Sevoflurane and Isoflurane for Myocardial Protection During Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in a Tertiary Care Center in Nepal
Authors: Bastola Priska , Pradhan Bishwas , Basnet Madindra 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Myocardial protection during Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) has always been an area of concern so we aimed to evaluate the level of release of Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK-MB) and Troponin I (cTnI) at various time intervals in the first 24 hours after on pump CABG in patients receiving either Sevoflurane or Isoflurane. Furthermore clinically relevant patient outcomes were also evaluated in patients undergoing on pump coronaryartery bypass grafting.
Methods: This was a prospective randomized trial in patients undergoing on pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery, which was conducted from January 2016 till June 2017. A total of 105 patients were enrolled out of which there were 53 in Isoflurane and 52 in Sevoflurane group who received the respective volatile anesthetic agents throughout the surgery except during bypass at 1-1.5 MAC. The primary outcome was comparison of the CPK MB and cTnI levels at 0 hr, 6 hr, 12 hr and 24 hr after surgery from baseline, whereas the secondary outcomes were duration of intensive care unit stay, usage of vasopressors and inotropes, renal dysfunction, stroke.
Results: No significant difference in CPK MB and cTnI levels at all time intervals in both the groups, the other secondary outcome parameters were comparable.
Conclusion: The study found no difference in the cardiac markers between the two anesthetics. Based on the data, Sevofluraneand Isoflurane might be used equivalently in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery with extracorporeal circulation without any difference in their myocardial protection function.
The Result of Elections to the Śląskie Voivodeship Assembly in 2018 in Reality of the Territorial Heteronomy
Authors: Myśliwiec Małgorzata 
Published: December 2019

The main aim of the paper is the theoretical analysis of the concept of the territorial heteronomy. Conclusions concerning the idea of territorial autonomy, regionalism or federalism easily can be found in the scientific literature. But they are useless to investigate and explain many political processes and political preferences in states of the Central and Eastern Europe. It is because states of this part of the continent did not have a chance to create and develop their own models of classic administration institutions in the nineteenth century, inter alia the local and regional government. Their only experience in this area is limited to the interwar period between 1918 and 1939. They have gained a new chance for a democratic division of public tasks after the collapse of the communist system in the very end of the twentieth century. But in that period they have focused more on the horizontal division of powers than on the vertical one. For that reason up till today political phenomena in the political centre have more importance than the regional policy impact attempts. The inspiration for such a research were electoral results obtained by two regional parties at elections to the Śląskie Voivodeship Assembly in 2018.
Effect of Cr and Ni on the microstructural evolution in Co–Re–Cr–Ni alloys
Authors: Esleben Katharina , Gorr Bronislava , Christ Hans-Jürgen , Pritzel Christian , Mukherji Debashis , Rösler Joachim , Beran Přemysl , Strunz Pavel , Hoelzel Markus , Gilles Ralph 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe present study focuses on the microstructural evolution in Co–Re–Cr–Ni alloys at high temperatures. Four alloys with different Cr and Ni contents were studied. The microstructural examinations were performed using complementary methods of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and neutron diffraction. Based on the experimental results and assisted by thermodynamic calculations, the effect of Cr and Ni on the microstructure could be identified. While both Ni and Cr, but Cr only if Ni is also present in the alloy, stabilize the fcc phase, the impacts of these elements on the σ phase formation are different. It was found that the temperature stability of the σ phase enhances with increasing Cr content, whereas Ni reduces the required Cr concentration for the σ phase formation. The evaluation of the Cr and Ni effects on the microstructural evolution contributes to a fundamental understanding of the alloy behaviour and, thus, is a key aspect for successful alloy development.
The Power of Deficit Discourses in Student Talk about Writing
Authors: Makmillen Shurli , Norman Kim 
Published: December 2019

Does engagement with writing centre consultants in one-on-one consultations help students shift from remedial discourses toward meta-cognitive awareness more in keeping with the nature of peer review in an academic setting? This study investigates this question through looking longitudinally over a four-year period in a Canadian university writing centre. We situate this research within wider discussions of Standard English and remediation in student academic writing, as well as writing centre research that explores correlations between numbers of writing centre visits and both students’ confidence as writers and their intrinsic motivation. Using a corpus-supported genre and discourse analysis, we focus on student appointment requests, as well as summative writing centre consultant notes. Results suggest that deficit discourses are highly tenacious, which we explain in part as the result of the constraints inherent in the genre of requests for help, and also in terms of the institutional positioning of writing centres.
Current challenges of underground water resources research in volcanic areas of the Armenian highlands (case study: mount Aragats)
Authors: Vardanyan V. P. 
Published: December 2019

From the hydro-geological perspective the territory of the Central Volcanic Highlands of Armenia is a highly elevated area which mainly belongs to the hydrodynamic zone of intense underground flow.
Our systematic and planned research aimed at studying groundwater in the Central Volcanic Highlands of Armenia covers the following regions: Mount Aragats, Gegham, Vardenis and Syunik Volcanic Highlands, the Ararat, Shirak and Sevan valleys, the Lori Volcanic Plateau etc.
In the Armenian Highlands, along the periphery of Mount Aragats, the purpose of the conducted studies was to determine the possibilities of applying the vertical electrical sounding (VES) method for mapping the basement relief of water-resistant rocks and identifying the aquifers.
In general, the lava of Armenian volcanic highlands is characterized by the formation and accumulation of two main types of underground runoff: concentrated and distributed. Concentrated runoff is a concentrated underground stream formed in the buried valleys and moves in a certain direction along a paleo-relief. Distributed runoff is a relatively dispersed underground stream formed in the buried watershed between paleo-valleys and moving in their direction. It feeds the concentrated runoff.
Based on the hydro-geophysical studies, the main conclusions on distribution and exploitation of groundwater across certain volcanic regions of the Central Volcanic Highlands of Armenia are presented. Mount Aragats, where electrical exploration surveys took place using the VES method, is presented as a case study. Hydro-geophysical studies made it possible to analyze certain drainage basins of the rock massif in order to allow a more detailed “dissection” of the groundwater runoff.
As a result, a summary map of the paleo-relief was compiled. The map shows the distribution of the underground runoff of the volcanic massif of Mount Aragats which forms an important basis for conducting hydrogeological initiatives aimed at solving the problem of fresh water shortage at the national level.
Les troubles périnéosphinctériens chez les patients souffrant de troubles du comportement alimentaire
Authors: Pourtal C. , Volondat L. , Lambert S. , Robert J. , Rousselet M. , Grall-Bronnec M. 
Published: December 2019

Contexte : Les troubles périnéosphinctériens (TPS) survenant chez les patients souffrant de trouble du comportement alimentaire (TCA) sont des complications sous-abord ées dans la littérature. Le but de cette revue de la littérature était de faire le point sur l’état des connaissances actuelles pour aider le clinicien prenant en charge les TPS à les mettre en lien avec les TCA, et le clinicien prenant en charge les TCA à les prévenir et à les repérer le plus précocement possible, dans une perspective de réduction des risques et des dommages.
Méthode : Deux revues de littérature ont été conduites, l’une portant sur les TPS d’origine digestive, l’autre sur les TPS d’origine urinaire. La sélection des articles s’est faite en nous référant aux recommandations PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) et à partir des bases de données PubMed et ScienceDirect.
Résultats : Douze articles ont été retenus. Les TPS identifies sont la constipation, l’incontinence fécale, l’incontinence urinaire et le prolapsus rectal. Ils sont secondaires aux effets de la malnutrition sur la composante musculaire ainsi qu’à la pression abdominale exercée par des comportements visant à réguler la prise de poids, tels que les exercices physiques réalisés en hyperpression, les efforts de poussée lors de l’émission des selles et les vomissements provoqués.
Conclusion : Une anamnèse précise et méticuleuse chez les personnes présentant un indice de masse corporel bas semble primordiale. L’usage de laxatifs est à proscrire avant un programme de renutrition d’au moins trois semaines.
ETHICS, SUSTAINABILITY AND RESPONSIBLE CITIZENSHIP IN HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Baade Joel Haroldo , Bonin Joel Cezar , Simão Vera Lúcia , Hulse Levi , Santos Adelcio Machado dos Santos 
Published: December 2019

Citizenship defines the belonging of individuals to the society in which they live. It is understood that the complementary notions of ethics and sustainability must permeate citizenship today. Citizenship will gain greater expression when the individual leaves the household to be inserted in society through the vote and professional action. For this reason, the analysis of the profile of young people who are graduating from high school is representative. Thus, this analysis aims to characterize citizenship experiences in the city of Caçador-SC by looking at the reality of students of the third year of high school from the perspective of sustainability. Methodologically, the research is qualitative-quantitative as it uses mixed techniques. It is concluded that many young people are aware of the need for an ethical and sustainable life, but some habits still prevent them from engaging in committed actions towards the society expressed by these concepts.
The Socioeconomic Impact of Paralyzed Public Works: Analysis on the University City of the State of Amazonas
Authors: Marques Martins Alessandro , Pantoja de Araújo Érica , Santos Fontineles Frank Henrique , Dos Santos Santarém Sara , Barbosa de Alencar David , De Freitas Lopes Gisele 
Published: December 2019

The presente research refers to the analysis of the socioeconomic impacts caused by the stoppage of the University City of the State University of Amazonas in the Community Our Lady of Nazareth Lake Test with the objective of investigating the consequences of not observing the principle of efficiency in execution of the work of the University City by its managers, verifying the curret socioeconomic situation of this local population, and finally propose ways to mitigate problems and losses resulting from the stoppage, which is a matter of common interest as it covers all social classes. The research approach is quantitative because it intends to describe a phenomenon of a particular group or Society, its research instrument was the interview. To be eficiente during the execution of a work, it is necessary to have management during the process, so the Executive Branch has instituted laws fo the public Works to be managed efficiently, namely: the Growth Acceleration Program (PAC), instituted by the Decree n° 6.025/2007; the DifferentialContracting Regime (RDC), launched by Law nº 12.462/2011; and the Bidding Law, introduced by Law n° 8.666/1993. These measures sought to reduce delas and stoppages in public Works and the social and economic impacts that might be generated.
Spatial variability in fertigated coffee yields and plant nutrients in soil saturation extracts
Authors: Jorge Ricardo Falqueto , Almeida Cinara Xavier de , Martins George Deroco , Mendes Danilo Ferreira , Pinto Juliano Marques , Pena Luana Karolina 
Published: December 2019

The spatial distribution and levels of available plant nutrients (elements) in the soil can limit coffee yield and must be evaluated for effective crop management. Therefore, we analyzed spatial variability in yield and plant nutrients in the saturation extract of a clayey Oxisol cropped with fertigated coffee. The experiment was carried out on 14 hectares of coffee in Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Soil samples were collected (0 - 0.2m layer) at 61 regular grid points (spaced 50x50m) and used to determine plant nutrients in the saturation extract. Coffee yield was also determined at these points. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each variable and geostatistics were used to build a spatial variability model representing the physical attributes of the soil. Variographic analysis was performed using semivariograms. These showed that yield and soil chemistry varied throughout the study site. Thus, the maps generated from geostatistics can be useful tools for soil management in fertigated coffee crops.