bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated geological study in an offshore renewable energy test site: a case from the Basque continental shelf (Bay of Biscay, Spain)
Authors: Asensio Iván , Rodríguez-Méndez Lidia , Vegas Néstor , Aranguren Aitor 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Testing and research centres for offshore renewable energy, exemplified by facilities like BIMEP (Biscay Marine Energy Platform) on the Basque coast of Spain, play a crucial role in driving the energy transition. This study utilises pre-existing data at the facility site, such as high-resolution bathymetry and granulometric information from sediment samples, to conduct a comprehensive geological analysis including both sedimentary and rocky seabed. A litho-structural analysis is presented, including a lithological prediction for the continental shelf, the recognition of the main structures, such as NW-trending folds and predominantly NE-SW oriented fractures, and a detailed fracture analysis. Sedimentary seabeds are analysed through a Seabed Sediment Map, illustrating a granulometry-based NE-SW oriented banded distribution. Bedforms are also studied, they are asymmetric and mainly oriented NE-SW. The Seabed Sediment Map and the bedform analysis reveal the effect of an SE-directed bottom current as the main mechanism controlling sediment mobility. This current matches with the predominant swell from the NW and with the direction of the most energetic waves in the area. This approach could serve as a methodological example, offering a cost-effective means for the preliminary geological characterisation of offshore energy sites, and is crucial for establishing a baseline (‘zero state’) before the deployment. This baseline is essential for evaluating and mitigating the impact of new infrastructure on sediment dynamics, which subsequently affects the overall functioning and health of the marine ecosystem.
On the Modeling of Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Data to Analyze the Early Stage of Phase Separation in Fe-Cr-based Alloys
Authors: Rolinska Monika , Spartacus Gabriel , Youngs Tristan G. A. , Odqvist Joakim , Hedström Peter 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSmall-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is a valuable method for the analysis of phase decomposition in Fe-Cr alloys; however, quantification of the decomposition requires careful modeling of the scattering data considering factors such as interface character and short-range order. Here, we quantify the phase decomposition in a high-performance super duplex stainless steel in situ during accelerated aging in the early stage of decomposition by modifying a previously suggested quantitative SANS data modeling method. The proposed revised method can accurately model the SANS data and paves the way for revisiting the detailed phase decomposition kinetics in situ during aging in various Fe-Cr-based alloys.
Lehrer:innen als Influencer:innen
Authors: Grabosch Anna 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungLehrpersonen, die soziale Medien zu beruflichen Zwecken verwenden und viele Follower:innen haben, werden auch als Bildungsinfluencer:innen bezeichnet. Influencer:innen gelten als einflussreiche Personen, die meist private Einblicke mit gesponsortem Produktmarketing verbinden. Bislang liegen im internationalen Vergleich für Deutschland jedoch wenige empirische Befunde zum Phänomen ‚Lehrer:innen als Influencer:innen‘ vor. Daher ist z. B. noch nicht ausreichend erforscht, wie sie sich selbst in den sozialen Netzwerken präsentieren und ob sie private Einblicke mit Produktmarketing verbinden. Im Beitrag werden 42 Profilbeschreibungen sowie verlinkte Webseiten von Lehrpersonen auf Instagram analysiert. Die von den Lehrkräften frei gestaltbaren, prominent im Feed platzierten Profilbeschreibungen werden dazu genutzt, sich selbst und das Profil in wenigen Worten zu präsentieren, sodass den Profilbeschreibungen eine relevante (selbst-)darstellerische Funktion zugesprochen werden kann. Mit einem inhaltlich-strukturierenden qualitativ-inhaltsanalytischen Vorgehen kann gezeigt werden, wie und mit welchen Themen sich die Lehrer:innen darstellen, aber auch, welche Produkte bzw. Leistungen sie zum käuflichen Erwerb anbieten. Die Befunde zeigen, dass die Lehrkräfte sich überwiegend als engagierte und multitaskingfähige Lehrer:innen, die zusätzliche Rollen (z. B. Autor:in) einnehmen, präsentieren und Produkte/Leistung zum Kauf anbieten, die dem Lehrberuf mittel- oder unmittelbar nahestehen, wie z. B. Lern- und/oder Unterrichtsmaterialien. Die Aktivitäten der Bildungsinfluencer:innen werden vor dem Hintergrund des „unternehmerischen Selbst“ (Bröckling 2019) als neue Form der Ökonomisierung der Bildung gedeutet, in der die Lehrpersonen als autonome Entrepreneur:innen agieren.
Hope for ash conservation and propagation—single individuals can be highly resistant to an invasive pathogen
Authors: Seidel Hannes , Šeho Muhidin , Fussi Barbara 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) has been considered an important candidate species for climate-resilient forest management in Germany. The occurrence of ash dieback, caused by the invasive fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, severely limits its use. However, less damaged ash trees in heavily infested stands are observed. This suggests a tree-specific and genetically determined susceptibility to ash dieback. The potential of individual trees for selection and conservation programs has been investigated on 35 clones in a clonal trial and 30 families in a progeny trial since 2014. Ash dieback-related mortality, crown damage, and height growth were examined. Resistance to ash dieback was evaluated based on multi-year observations. Mortality of ramets occurred rapidly and crown damage of clones stabilized, whereas steadily increasing in progeny during the study period. About 34 percent of all offspring (0–56 percent per family) showed high resistance to ash dieback and 10 percent showed also good height growth. Broad-sense heritability and narrow-sense heritability were moderate and comparable to previous studies. We assume that at least some individuals from specific progenies will resist the disease in forest stands. In situ and ex situ conservation strategies should be promoted. Seed orchards with more resistant genotypes could provide less susceptible reproductive material, and breeding programs could help to accelerate the fixation of favorable alleles.
Refined geometric characterizations of weak p-quasiconformal mappings
Authors: Salimov Ruslan , Ukhlov Alexander 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we consider refined geometric characterizations of weak p-quasiconformal mappings $$\varphi :\Omega \rightarrow \widetilde{\Omega }$$

φ
:
Ω
→

Ω
~

, where $$\Omega$$
Ω
and $$\widetilde{\Omega }$$

Ω
~

are domains in $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

. We prove that mappings with bounded geometric p-dilatation on the set $$\Omega {{\setminus }} S$$

Ω
\
S

, where S is a set with $$\sigma$$
σ
-finite $$(n-1)$$

(
n
-
1
)

-measure, are Sobolev $$W^1_{p,\text {loc}}$$

W

p
,
loc

1

-mappings and generate bounded composition operators on Sobolev spaces.
Prediction of compressive strength of nano silica and micro silica from rice husk ash using multivariate regression models
Authors: Raji Mustapha A. , Falola Boluwatife M. , Enikuomehin Jesse T. , Oyelade Akintoye O. , Abiodun Yetunde O. , Olaniyi Yusuf A. , Olagunju Olusola G. , Anyaegbuna Kosisochukwu L. , Abdulkareem Musa O. , Fapohunda Christopher A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe use of agricultural by-products, such as Rice Husk Ash (RHA), in concrete production has gained significant attention as a sustainable alternative to traditional construction materials. This study aims to evaluate and compare the effects of Nano-Rice Husk Ash (NRHA) and Micro-Rice Husk Ash (MRHA) on the compressive strength of concrete. Concrete samples were prepared with varying replacement levels of NRHA (0% to 3%) and MRHA (0% to 14%) and underwent thorough examination through both slump and compressive strength tests conducted at 7, 21, 28, and 56 days. The results showed that NRHA achieved maximum compressive strength at a 1% replacement level, while MRHA reached its peak at a 0.5% replacement level. However, a comparison of the compressive strength of NRHA at 1% (22 N/mm2) against MRHA at 0.5% (21.5 N/mm2) revealed that the marginal difference in strength made MRHA a more cost-effective option due to the lower expenses involved in its preparation. Thus, MRHA presents a more economical solution for achieving comparable compressive strength. Furthermore, the study applied linear, non-linear, and mixed regression analyses to model the properties of NRHA and MRHA concrete based on a comprehensive set of variables. The analysis found that the blended ordinary and logarithmic models provided the best fit, offering superior accuracy compared to linear and non-linear models.
The Dilemma of Cross-Border Data Flow and the Construction of Mutual Trust Platform in Asia
Authors: Zhao Zerui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe current unilateral and bilateral governance agreement cannot solve problems such as the large strength gap, loose organisation, and cultural diversity in cross-border data flow in Asia. Therefore, we are in urgent need of structuring a multilateral governance mechanism, that is, to build a mutual trust platform for cross-border data flow in Asia. From a digital technology perspective, the Asian Cross-Border Data Flow Trust Platform is a blockchain-based digital technology architecture. From the perspective of the organisational model, the Asian cross-border data flow governance based on the mutual trust platform can be understood as a cooperative network in which multiple Asian countries cooperate to make cross-border data decisions. As a necessary medium to eliminate the complexity of the cooperation network, legal procedures will transform the chaos on the Asian Cross-Border Data Flow Mutual Trust Platform into order by simplifying the communication between multiple agents.
Understanding Monkeypox in Pakistan: Epidemiology, Challenges, and Prevention Short Communication
Authors: Shaikh Somina , Khatri Govinda 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Monkeypox, a viral zoonotic disease, is currently spreading in Pakistan, raising serious public health concerns. Despite its rarity, the disease has the potential to spread rapidly, especially in areas with a limited health care infrastructure. This short communication overviews the current epidemiology of monkeypox in Pakistan, addressing diagnostic, surveillance, and control challenges, and aims to inform evidence-based prevention. We emphasize the need for enhanced surveillance, improved diagnostic capacity, and targeted public health interventions to prevent outbreaks and minimize the impact of the disease on public health.
Wine ratings and commercial reality
Authors: De Nicoló Gianni 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIs the quality of a 91-point wine significantly different from that of an 89-point wine? Which wines are underpriced relative to their evaluation of quality? This paper addresses these questions by constructing a novel wine rating system based on scores assigned by a panel of wine experts to a set of wines. Wines are classified in ranked disjoint quality equivalence classes using measures of statistically significant and commercially relevant score differences. The rating system is applied to the “Judgment of Paris” wine competition, to data of Bordeaux en-primeur expert scores and prices, and to expert scores and price categories of a large database of Italian wines. The proposed wine rating system provides an informative assessment of wine quality for producers and consumers and a flexible rating methodology for commercial applications.
On knots that divide ribbon knotted surfaces
Authors: BODEN HANS U. , ELMACIOGLU CEYHUN , GUHA ANSHUL , KARIMI HOMAYUN , RUSHWORTH WILLIAM , TANG YUN-CHI , WANG PENG JUN BRYAN 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe define a knot to be half ribbon if it is the cross-section of a ribbon 2-knot, and observe that ribbon implies half ribbon implies slice. We introduce the half ribbon genus of a knot K, the minimum genus of a ribbon knotted surface of which K is a cross-section. We compute this genus for all prime knots up to 12 crossings, and many 13-crossing knots. The same approach yields new computations of the double slice genus. We also introduce the half fusion number of a knot K, that measures the complexity of ribbon 2-knots of which K is a cross-section. We show that it is bounded below by the Levine–Tristram signatures, and differs from the standard fusion number by an arbitrarily large amount.
Development of a nomogram for high antibody titre of COVID-19 convalescent plasma
Authors: Wang Shichun , Yan Jie , Song Min , Xue Zhenrui , Wang Zerong , Diao Ronghua , Liu Qi , Ruan Qianying , Yao Chunyan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to develop a predictive tool for identifying individuals with high antibody titers crucial for recruiting COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) donors and to assess the quality and storage changes of CCP. A convenience sample of 110 plasma donors was recruited, of which 75 met the study criteria. Using univariate logistic regression and random forest, 6 significant factors were identified, leading to the development of a nomogram. Receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA) evaluated the nomogram’s discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. The nomogram indicated that females aged 18 to 26, blood type O, receiving 1 to 2 COVID-19 vaccine doses, experiencing 2 symptoms during infection, and donating plasma 41 to 150 days after symptom onset had higher likelihoods of high antibody titres. Nomogram’s AUC was 0.853 with good calibration. DCA showed clinical benefit within 9% ~ 90% thresholds. CCP quality was qualified, with stable antibody titres over 6 months (P > 0.05). These findings highlight developing predictive tools to identify suitable CCP donors and emphasize the stability of CCP quality over time, suggesting its potential for long-term storage.
An example of goal-directed, calculational proof
Authors: BACKHOUSE ROLAND CARL , GUTTMANN WALTER , WINTER MICHAEL 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
An equivalence relation can be constructed from a given (homogeneous, binary) relation in two steps: first, construct the smallest reflexive and transitive relation containing the given relation (the “star” of the relation) and, second, construct the largest symmetric relation that is included in the result of the first step. The fact that the final result is also reflexive and transitive (as well as symmetric), and thus an equivalence relation, is not immediately obvious, although straightforward to prove. Rather than prove that the defining properties of reflexivity and transitivity are satisfied, we establish reflexivity and transitivity constructively by exhibiting a starth root—in a way that emphasises the creative process in its construction. The resulting construction is fundamental to algorithms that determine the strongly connected components of a graph as well as the decomposition of a graph into its strongly connected components together with an acyclic graph connecting such components.
ChatGPT in foreign language lesson plan creation: Trends, variability, and historical biases
Authors: Dornburg Alex , Davin Kristin J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The advent of generative artificial intelligence (AI) models holds potential for aiding teachers in the generation of pedagogical materials. However, numerous knowledge gaps concerning the behavior of these models obfuscate the generation of research-informed guidance for their effective usage. Here, we assess trends in prompt specificity, variability, and weaknesses in foreign language teacher lesson plans generated by zero-shot prompting in ChatGPT. Iterating a series of prompts that increased in complexity, we found that output lesson plans were generally high quality, though additional context and specificity to a prompt did not guarantee a concomitant increase in quality. Additionally, we observed extreme cases of variability in outputs generated by the same prompt. In many cases, this variability reflected a conflict between outdated (e.g. reciting scripted dialogues) and more current research-based pedagogical practices (e.g. a focus on communication). These results suggest that the training of generative AI models on classic texts concerning pedagogical practices may bias generated content toward teaching practices that have been long refuted by research. Collectively, our results offer immediate translational implications for practicing and training foreign language teachers on the use of AI tools. More broadly, these findings highlight trends in generative AI output that have implications for the development of pedagogical materials across a diversity of content areas.
Twin-width of sparse random graphs
Authors: Hendrey Kevin , Norin Sergey , Steiner Raphael , Turcotte Jérémie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We show that the twin-width of every

$n$

-vertex

$d$

-regular graph is at most

$n^{\frac{d-2}{2d-2}+o(1)}$

for any fixed integer

$d \geq 2$

and that almost all

$d$

-regular graphs attain this bound. More generally, we obtain bounds on the twin-width of sparse Erdős–Renyi and regular random graphs, complementing the bounds in the denser regime due to Ahn, Chakraborti, Hendrey, Kim, and Oum.
Spectral Differencing of Glories Reflects Cloud Droplet Size Distribution
Authors: Koren Ilan , Kostinski Alex , Wollner Uri 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe glory, a striking optical phenomenon seen from space in unpolarized satellite images can be mapped onto the cloud's droplet sizes with a characteristic scale of 10. Such a mapping allows us to infer the mean and variance of the cloud droplets' radius, an important property that has remained elusive and inaccessible to passive unpolarized satellite sensing. Here, we propose a simple and robust polarization‐like differential approach to map the glory's spectral properties to the desired moments of the droplet size distribution. By taking the differences between two spectrally close channels, we reduce multiple scattering contributions and amplify the single‐scattering signal, thus allowing for a simple and rapidly converging map from glory to droplet size distribution. Moreover, the droplet information reflects the upper part of the cloud, adding another sample to the traditional multiple scattering‐based retrievals that reflect droplet properties deeper in the cloud.
A Multi‐Platform Statistical Analysis of the Azimuthal Spatial Extent of the Microburst Precipitation Region
Authors: Elliott S. S. , Colpitts C. , Breneman A. W. , Pettit J. M. , Cantwell K. A. , Cattell C. A. , Halford A. J. , Shumko M. , Sample J. , Johnson A. , Miyoshi Y. , Kasahara Y. , Troyer R. N. , Millan R. , Hori T. , Shinohara I. , Matsuda S. , Matsuoka A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMicrobursts are impulsive injections of energetic (few keV to >MeV) electrons into the atmosphere, primarily caused by nonlinear scattering driven by whistler mode chorus waves. While the relative importance of microburst precipitation as a loss process has not been fully quantified, many studies have shown microbursts may play a significant role in the loss of outer radiation belt electrons. We present a multi‐platform statistical analysis of chorus and energetic electron precipitation in an attempt to constrain the azimuthal spatial extent (MLT) of the microburst precipitation region and determine how this extent varies with geomagnetic activity. Statistical upper bounds of this azimuthal extent are determined with observations of general energetic electron precipitation that can include direct microburst detections, while statistical lower bounds determination requires direct microburst detections. The resulting distributions of both upper and lower bounds azimuthal extent suggest that microbursts may frequently constitute an important source of electron loss from the outer radiation belt. We find that 36% of upper bound events in the dawn sector span more than 5 hr in MLT. This azimuthal extent increases with geomagnetic activity, particularly in the dawn and noon MLT sectors.
Interannual Time‐Scale Dynamics of Deep Cross‐Equatorial Overturning in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Hong Weiqi , Chen Gengxin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Deep Cross‐Equatorial Cell (DCEC) is the primary branch of Indian Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) in the tropical Indian Ocean, essential for energy redistribution, water exchange, and diapycnal mixing. However, the mechanisms behind its interannual variability remain limited. This study utilized two reanalysis data sets and a series of ocean model experiments with a Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model and a Linear Ocean Model to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Model experiments highlight the critical role of direct local wind forcing and eastern boundary waves induced by remote equatorial wind forcing in influencing the DCEC variability. Specifically, through the first mode of baroclinic dynamics, direct wind forcing initiates reverse meridional flow at the DCEC core (around 8°S) in both surface and deep ocean layers, leading to interannual variations of the DCEC. During transitions of climate modes like ENSO and Indian Ocean Dipole from positive to negative phases, both positive and negative DCEC anomalies intensify. In addition to direct local wind forcing, the delayed‐time Rossby waves reflected from the eastern boundary excited by the equatorial easterly wind in the previous year make substantial contributions (37.8%). The interplay of faster baroclinic Rossby waves at lower latitudes and slower baroclinic Rossby waves at higher latitudes alters the basin‐wide pressure gradient, ultimately amplifying interannual DCEC anomalies in the subsequent year.
Artificial fingerprints engraved through block-copolymers as nanoscale physical unclonable functions for authentication and identification
Authors: Murataj Irdi , Magosso Chiara , Carignano Stefano , Fretto Matteo , Ferrarese Lupi Federico , Milano Gianluca 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBesides causing financial losses and damage to the brand’s reputation, counterfeiting can threaten the health system and global security. In this context, physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have been proposed to overcome limitations of current anti-counterfeiting technologies. Here, we report on artificial fingerprints that can be directly engraved on a wide range of substrates through self-assembled block-copolymer templating as nanoscale PUFs for secure authentication and identification. Results show that morphological features can be exploited to encode fingerprint-like nanopatterns in binary code matrices representing a unique bit stream of information characterized by high uniqueness and entropy. A strategy based on computer vision concepts for authentication/identification in real-world scenarios is reported. Long-term reliable operation and robust authentication/identification against thermal treatment at cryogenic and high temperatures of the PUF have been demonstrated. These results pave the way for the realization of PUFs embracing the inherent stochasticity of self-assembled materials at the nanoscale.