bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an all permanent magnet ECR ion source for low and medium charge state ions production
Authors: Li J. Q. , Sun L. T. , Yang Y. , Cao Y. , Zhang X. Z. , Fang X. , Guo J. W. , Zhai Y. H. , Wang H. , Ma B. H. , Li L. B. , Lu W. , Zhao H. W. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An all permanent magnet Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source-LAPECR1U (Lanzhou All Permanent magnet ECR ion source no.1 Upgraded), has been built at IMP in 2017 to satisfy the requirements of LEAF (Low Energy intense-highly-charged ion Accelerator Facility) for first two years commissioning. LAPECR1U was designed to be operated at 14.5 GHz to produce intense low and medium charge state ion beams. LAPECR1U features a compact structure, small size, and low cost. A cone-shape iron yoke in injection side and an iron plasma electrode in extraction side were used to enhance the axial magnetic field strength. The typical parameters and the preliminary beam results of the source are given in this paper.
Development of a Pepper Pot probe to measure the Four-dimensional emittance of low energy beam of electron cyclotron resonance ion source at IMP
Authors: Fang X , Sun L T , Yuan Y J , Yang Y , Qian C , Cao Y , Zhang X Z , Chen R F , Wu J X , Li X X , Wang H , Lu W , Zhao H W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The ion beams extracted from an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source always exist strong transverse coupling effect that is caused by the field of the axis mirror magnets and the extraction solenoid. In order to obtain the four-dimensional (4D) characteristic matrix with coupling elements, a Pepper Pot probe was developed and used to obtain the full 4D transverse phase space distribution of the low energy beam extracted from the ECR ion source at IMP. This paper describes the detailed design and image processing procedure of Pepper Pot probe, especially the analysis results verification compared to another type emittance meter. The first 4D transverse phase space distribution measurement data of oxygen beams from the LECR4 experimental platform are presented and discussed.
Dynamics study of a drift tube linac for both heavy ions and proton
Authors: Du Heng , Yin Xuejun , Yang Jancheng , Yuan Youjin , Xia Jiawen , Li Xiaoni , Li Zhongshan , Wang Kedong , Kong Qiyu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An accelerator complex for Space Environment Simulation and Research Infrastructure (SESRI) has been designed by Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) and will be constructed in Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT). This accelerator consists of an ECR ion source, a linac injector, a synchrotron and 3 experiment terminals. As an important part of the complex, the linac injector should provide both proton and different kinds of heavy ions, from helium to bismuth, with energy of 5 MeV and 1 MeV/u respectively for the synchrotron. In order to provide beams with the mass to charge ratio (A/Q) range from 1 to 6.5 (for proton to 209Bi32+) by only one linac injector, a special solution of the main acceleration section DTL is carried out. The relevant dynamics calculations, such as beam matching, stripping process of the hydrogen molecule ion and beam energy spread reducing, are performed by Particle in Cell (PIC) method.
STUDY ON A HOM TYPE BUNCHER1
Authors: Lu Liang , Xing Chaochao , He Tao , Yang Lei , Xu Xianbo , Shi Longbo , Sun Liepeng , Li Jia , Xia Qianxu , Gao Zhichao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Normally, drift tube linacs (DTL) are used following RFQ linacs for beam acceleration in middle and high beam energy region. The acceleration efficiency of DTLs is decreasing with beam energy increasing. Using resonated higher order mode (HOM) of cavity, DTL can achieve higher effective shunt impedance. We proposed a 325 MHz DTL with TE115 mode. In this paper, the dynamics calculation and electromagnetic design of the HOM-DTL will be reported.
Error analysis and RF optimization of a compact RFQ
Authors: Wang K. D. , Yin X. J. , Li Z. S. , Du H. , Kong Q. Y. , Li X. N. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A 162.5 MHz, 7.2 MeV 4-rod radio frequency quadruples (RFQ) dynamics design has been studied for injector of a carbon ion cancer therapy facility which is promoted by the Institution of Modern Physics (IMP) of the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS). A detailed error analysis was performed after the optimization process. Field flatness error is analysed for determining a RF optimization target. The RF structure is designed based on a new type dynamics design. Electric field of the RF structure is optimized in order to support the dynamics design. The error analysis and detailed field flatness optimization of this compact RFQ have been presented and discussed in this paper.
Hydrological regime of the Black and Azov Seas catchment under the global warming
Authors: Evstigneev V P , Lemeshko N A , Ostroumova L P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Estimates of probable change in water balance parameters of the Black and Azov Seas drainage basin under the global warming by 1°C were obtained. A steady-state hydrological model has been developed for evaluation of river runoff and evaporation. The paleoclimatic reconstruction for global warming on 1°C has been used as empirical scenario. This scale of climate change corresponds to the warm epoch of the past, considered as an analogue of the future climate: the Holocene Thermal Maximum (7-6 ka BP). The estimates indicate possible increase in the total river inflow into the Black and Azov Seas by about 17 km3 per year and increase of the mean annual evaporation by 27 mm per year relative to the period of 1961-1990 years. Estimation was made notwithstanding water consumption.
Dynamics of mire ecosystems of Siberia in the Holocene and paludification process at the present stage
Authors: Inisheva L I , Kobak K I , Turchinovich I E 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe paper considers the Holocene paludification process in West Siberian Plain; peat increase for the entire Holocene according to radiocarbon dating of peat deposits. The comparison of results by peat accumulation activity with the climate of Western Siberia in the Holocene is carried out, and the forecast of the natural evolution of mires is given. To determine the contemporary accumulation rate and linear peat increment, we used the model of peat and carbon accumulation process, and the field studies of carbon balance parameters of oligotrophic bog catena as an example. The modern rates of carbon accumulation and the linear peat increment of some types of mires were determined. The field studies of carbon balance parameters on the example of oligotrophic bog catena showed, in years with different climatic conditions, the NPP values varied from 206 to 337 g Cm−2year−1. Most of the carbon losses are the carbon dioxide emission (an average is 61.3 g Cm−2year−1, or 23.5 % NPP). The carbon flux, determined by the model of the removal chemicals, is 3.0% NPP with a mean value 7.9 g Cm−2year−1. The calculations of the carbon balance indicate the progression of the paludification process in the studied area.
Palaeoenvironments of the Medieval warm period in the “Kaluzhskiye Zaseki” Nature Reserve (Central European Russia)
Authors: Novenko E Yu , Borisova O K , Mazei N G , Zyuganova I S , Kusilman M V , Bobrovsky M V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper is focused on environment conditions during the Medieval warm period and human impact on the broadleaved forests in central European Russia. The study area is located in the “Kaluzhskiye Zaseki” Nature Reserve, one of the unique remnants of primary Eastern European broadleaved forests. Here, we present new high-resolution pollen and plant macrofossil records and radiocarbon dating from the sediment sequences in the outcrop of the right bank of Vytebet’ River (a tributary of Oka River) in the northern part of the Reserve. The obtained results have shown no clear evidence of vegetation changes in the region in response to the climatic amelioration during the Medieval time. The pronounced changes of forest ecosystems were caused by anthropogenic disturbance since the 13th century AD.
Dynamics of ecosystems and land use in the Dnieper left-bank forest-steppe for the last two thousand years: Kurilovka 2 case study
Authors: Rodinkova V E , Ponomarenko E V , Ershova E G , Sycheva S A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the first results of comprehensive studies of the multi-layer settlement Kurilovka 2 (Kursk region, Russia). It is located on a remnant of a low terrace above the floodplain of the Sudzha River (tributary of the Psel River – tributary of the Dnieper). The site contains archaeological materials of two main periods: proto- and early Slavonic (2nd – 8th centuries) and the Modern Period (end of the 17th – 20th century). The mail attention is paid to the results of archaeological, pedological, palynological, phytolith, anthracological study of the soil profile/archaeological pit 10/2016, located within the boundaries of the habitation zone. The data obtained allow us to reconstruct the history of the site development and dynamics of the site-encasing ecosystems over the past two thousand years. The area was initially forested and cleared for shifting agriculture, probably by the proto- and early Slavonic population. At the end of the 1st millennium AD the settlement was abandoned. The site was reforested and cleared again in the Modern Period. Now the arable land is not farmed, the site is covered with the herbaceous vegetation.
Printable and flexible graphene pH sensors utilising thin film melanin for physiological applications
Authors: Tehrani Z , Whelan S P , Mostert A B , Paulin J V , Ali M M , Ahmadi E Daghigh , Graeff C F O , Guy O J , Gethin D T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The application of highly sensitive pH sensors manufactured in volume at low cost has great commercial interest due to an extensive array of potential applications. Such areas include industrial processing, biotechnology and medical diagnostics particularly in the development of point of care (POC) devices. A novel printable electrochemical pH sensor based on graphene and pigment melanin (PGM), was designed and produced by using a screen printing process that enables up scaling for potential commercial application. We demonstrate a highly sensitive pH sensor (62 mV pH−1  ±  7) over a pH range from 5 to 8, with high stability and superior performance when compared with a number of existing devices and making it suitable for physiological applications.
A system for the deterministic transfer of 2D materials under inert environmental conditions
Authors: Gant Patricia , Carrascoso Felix , Zhao Qinghua , Ryu Yu Kyoung , Seitz Michael , Prins Ferry , Frisenda Riccardo , Castellanos-Gomez Andres 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The isolation of air-sensitive two-dimensional (2D) materials and the race to achieve a better control of the interfaces in van der Waals heterostructures has pushed the scientific community towards the development of experimental setups that allow to exfoliate and transfer 2D materials under inert atmospheric conditions. These systems are typically based on over pressurized N2 of Ar gloveboxes that require the use of very thick gloves to operate within the chamber or the implementation of several motorized micro-manipulators. Here, we set up a deterministic transfer system for 2D materials within a gloveless anaerobic chamber. Unlike other setups based on over-pressurized gloveboxes, in our system the operator can manipulate the 2D materials within the chamber with bare hands. This experimental setup allows us to exfoliate 2D materials and to deterministically place them at a desired location with accuracy in a controlled O2-free and very low humidity (<2% RH) atmosphere. We illustrate the potential of this system to work with air-sensitive 2D materials by comparing the stability of black phosphorus and perovskite flakes inside and outside the anaerobic chamber.
Molecular dynamics investigation of the thermal properties in single-walled boron nitride nanotube
Authors: Huang Jianzhang , Guo Yalan , Fan Yue , Liang Yingjing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The thermal properties of single-walled boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are studied in this paper based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The influence and mechanism of tubular configuration, temperature, length, diameter and chirality on the thermal conductivity of BNNTs are systematically analyzed. The results show that the thermal conductivity decreased with increasing temperatures. The values of thermal conductivity of BNNTs and boron nitride nanoribbons (BNNRs) confirm that the tubular configuration is more conducive to phonon propagation. The thermal conductivity is raised by increasing the length of BNNTs. Moreover, the thermal conductivity changes slightly with further increase of diameter and various chirality. The results share guiding significance for thermal transport characterization of nanoscale thermal conductive component based on boron nitride nanotubes.
Dispersion properties, nonlinear waves and birefringence in classical nonlinear electrodynamics
Authors: Tzenov Stephan I , Spohr Klaus M , Tanaka Kazuo A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Using the very basic physics principles, we have studied the implications of quantum corrections to classical electrodynamics and the propagation of electromagnetic waves and pulses. The initial nonlinear wave equation for the electromagnetic vector potential is solved perturbatively about the known exact plane wave solution in both the case of a polarized vacuum without external field, as well as when a constant magnetic field is applied. A nonlinear wave equation with nonzero convective part for the (relatively) slowly varying amplitude of the first-order perturbation has been derived. This equation governs the propagation of electromagnetic waves with a reduced speed of light, where the reduction is roughly proportional to the intensity of the initial pumping plane wave. A system of coupled nonlinear wave equations for the two slowly varying amplitudes of the first-order perturbation, which describe the two polarization states, has been obtained for the case of constant magnetic field background. Further, the slowly varying wave amplitude behavior is shown to be similar to that of a cnoidal wave, known to describe surface gravity waves in shallow water. It has been demonstrated that the two wave modes describing the two polarization states are independent, and they propagate at different wave frequencies. This effect is usually called nonlinear birefringence.
Sparse recovery methodologies for quasi-distributed dynamic strain sensing
Authors: Shiloh Lihi , Shen-Tzur Roy , Eyal Avishay , Giryes Raja 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Quasi-distributed measurement of strain and/or temperature is often implemented using arrays of weakly reflecting fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) whose reflection peaks are centered at the same nominal wavelength. The signals are obtained by measuring the phase difference between the reflections of consecutive FBGs. Typically, in such a system, the spatial resolution of the interrogator must be compatible with the spatial separation between consecutive FBGs. Insufficient resolution leads to an overlap of reflection peaks, a decrease in the differential-phase signal and poor sensitivity. In this paper, we study the use of two different sparsity based methodologies for improving the sensitivity of such quasi distributed acoustic sensing systems in the case where traditional signal processing approaches do not provide sufficient spatial resolution. These methods enable relaxing the requirements regarding the interrogator or, alternatively, reducing the needed separation between reflectors. Experimentally, these techniques were used to measure 1 kHz dynamic strain induced in a fiber segment between two discrete reflectors, located at the end of a 4 km long fiber. The separation between the reflectors was 18 m while the pulse (spatial) width was intentionally chosen bigger than that. It yielded approximately 5 dB increase in the measured signal compared to the traditional processing approach and an order of magnitude improvement in the sensitivity,

∼
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.
Life cycle assessment of power-to-gas applications via co-electrolysis of CO2 and H2O
Authors: Sadok Rachel , Benveniste Gabriela , Wang Ligang , Clavreul Julie , Brunot Aymeric , Cren Julie , Jegoux Mathilde , Hagen Anke 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Solid-oxide electrolysis technology (SOEC) can efficiently convert electricity from renewable sources into H2 via steam electrolysis, or syngas (a mixture of H2 and CO2) via co-electrolysis of steam and CO2. Co-SOEC provides the advantage of better thermal integration for standalone applications or with other industrial processes. In this paper two promising cases are investigated from the perspective of life-cycle assessment to evaluate the potential of reducing carbon emissions: (1) coupling co-SOEC with a cement plant, and (2) integrating co-SOEC into a biomass gasification plant. Life cycle assessment was performed based on the collection of comprehensive information regarding the electricity sources for different scenarios and a sensitivity analysis was included to verify the consistency of the results. The results show that in both cases the co-electrolysis system can be beneficial in terms of reduction of global warming potential, although it depends heavily on the geographic location and on the share of renewable energy. The highest benefits among the cases reviewed were found in the case of a coal-fed cement plant, where annual CO2 savings reached up to 2.39E + 05 tonnes CO2-eq in France with 23.6% of the electricity provided by photovoltaics (PV). In Germany, on the other hand, both cases first show benefits when the renewable share reaches a very high percentage of the electricity input: 50% provided by PV for the case of the cement plant and 82% for the case of a biomass-gasification unit. Since electricity input is the main impact concerning power-to-gas applications, the carbon content of the electricity grid mix is very important. As grid mixes become ‘cleaner’ in the future with more renewable share in the electricity generation in every country, the investigated applications are expected to provide even higher benefits.
Image mapping the temporal evolution of edge characteristics in tokamaks using neural networks
Authors: Gopakumar Vignesh , Samaddar D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We propose a method for data-driven modelling of the temporal evolution of the plasma and neutral characteristics at the edge of a tokamak using neural networks. Our method proposes a novel fully convolutional network to serve as function approximators in modelling complex nonlinear phenomenon observed in the multi-physics representations of high energy physics. More specifically, we target the evolution of the temperatures, densities and parallel velocities of the electrons, ions and neutral particles at the edge. The central challenge in this context is in modelling together the different physics principles encapsulated in the evolution of plasma and the neutrals. We demonstrate that the inherent differences in nonlinear behaviour can be addressed by forking the network to process the plasma and neutral information individually before integrating as a holistic system. Our approach takes into account the spatial dependencies of the physics parameters across the grid while performing the temporal mappings, ensuring that the underlying physics is factored in and not lost to the black-box. Having used the conventional edge plasma-neutral solver code SOLPS to build the synthetic dataset, our method demonstrates a computational gain of over 5 orders of magnitude over it without a considerable compromise on accuracy.
Nurse-Delivered Screening and Brief Intervention Among College Students with Hazardous Alcohol Use: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial from India
Authors: Kamal Kumar , Sunita Sharma , Karobi Das , Abhishek Ghosh 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Aim
To determine the effectiveness of individual-based, nurse-delivered, on-campus screening and brief intervention (SBI) for hazardous alcohol use among college students.

Methods
It was a parallel-design, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Out of 793 students screened, 130 met the selection criteria of hazardous alcohol use, defined by alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT) score 8–19. Participants were randomly allocated to either SBI or general advice group. Both interventions were delivered by one specially trained nurse. Outcome was assessed after 3 months. Primary outcome was the change in the mean AUDIT score and the secondary outcome was difference in the proportion of students transited from the high- to low-risk category of AUDIT. General linear model with repeated measures and logistic regression were used to determine the primary and secondary outcome, respectively.

Results
Majority (80.7%) of the participants were men. Among all the baseline demography and clinical characteristics, only family history of alcohol use was significantly different in the groups. Intention to treat analysis showed a significant but small effect (0.16) of SBI on the mean AUDIT score. Gender did not moderate the effect. SBI was also observed to have a significant effect (adjusted odds ratio 3.7 95% CI 1.529–8.850) on shifting the students from high- to low-risk AUDIT zone.

Conclusion
SBI among college students is acceptable and has a small but significant effect on alcohol use. In countries like India, where despite the increasing magnitude of hazardous drinking in students no formal system exists to deal with the problem, SBI might be useful.
Metagenome SNP calling via read-colored de Bruijn graphs
Authors: Alipanahi Bahar , Muggli Martin D , Jundi Musa , Noyes Noelle R , Boucher Christina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMotivationMetagenomics refers to the study of complex samples containing of genetic contents of multiple individual organisms and, thus, has been used to elucidate the microbiome and resistome of a complex sample. The microbiome refers to all microbial organisms in a sample, and the resistome refers to all of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be effectively used to ‘fingerprint’ specific organisms and genes within the microbiome and resistome and trace their movement across various samples. However, to effectively use these SNPs for this traceability, a scalable and accurate metagenomics SNP caller is needed. Moreover, such an SNP caller should not be reliant on reference genomes since 95% of microbial species is unculturable, making the determination of a reference genome extremely challenging. In this article, we address this need.ResultsWe present LueVari, a reference-free SNP caller based on the read-colored de Bruijn graph, an extension of the traditional de Bruijn graph that allows repeated regions longer than the k-mer length and shorter than the read length to be identified unambiguously. LueVari is able to identify SNPs in both AMR genes and chromosomal DNA from shotgun metagenomics data with reliable sensitivity (between 91% and 99%) and precision (between 71% and 99%) as the performance of competing methods varies widely. Furthermore, we show that LueVari constructs sequences containing the variation, which span up to 97.8% of genes in datasets, which can be helpful in detecting distinct AMR genes in large metagenomic datasets.Availability and implementationCode and datasets are publicly available at https://github.com/baharpan/cosmo/tree/LueVari.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.