bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Des conséquences mortelles du choix des acheteurs dans la filière du bâtiment. Étude de cas de la céramique sanitaire
Authors: Serra Lise 
Published: June 2020

Cet article envisage la ville comme un ensemble de matériaux mis en œuvre résultant du choix de donneurs d’ordre publics et privés. Ces choix, largement inconscients, peuvent avoir des conséquences létales sur des populations de travailleurs éloignées du lieu du chantier, notamment dans le secteur d’extraction des matières premières. Ce travail propose d’enrichir les options de choix des donneurs d’ordre dans le secteur du bâtiment en proposant un critère éthique basé sur le risque d’accidents mortels du travail tout au long de la filière étudiée. Les informations récoltées ont été de deux ordres. En géographie : où sont situés les principaux lieux d’extraction des minerais étudiés ? En droit international : quels sont les chiffres existants et les conventions ratifiées qui permettent d’évaluer le risque d’accident mortel par secteur d’activité et par pays ? Les résultats présentés permettent d’envisager de façon optimiste la suite du travail. D’une part il existe plusieurs pays qui peuvent fournir les minerais de façon industrielle et les transformer dans de très bonnes conditions de sécurité et de santé des travailleurs. D’autre part, les acteurs rencontrés semblent enclins à s’engager plus loin dans la démarche afin d’envisager une ville durable d’un point de vue tant écologique qu’éthique, respectant les droits de tous les hommes.
Quarta natureza: curando lugares [Fourth Nature: Healing Places]
Authors: Back Prochnow Simone 
Published: June 2020

Resumo:A evolução mantém o mundo em permanente transformação. Um dia fomos apenas criaturas mas evoluimos e nos tornamos criadores. Como criadores continuamos a modificar as coisas em uma velocidade que nos fez perder a noção de que somos feitos da mesma matéria que todos os outros seres do planeta. Estamos falando da Natureza das coisas em si mesma. A Natureza como base de tudo possui seus próprios ciclos, ritmos e equilibrio. O problema é que muitas das coisas que nós como criadores criamos, estão alterarando a Natureza além de sua capacidade de upcycling. Nós não observamos este equilibrio, nós não o reconhecemos nem o respeitamos. É preciso entender que a evolução continua, mas deveria ser de uma maneira que nos permita viver em melhores condições - e não piores. Este é o tema deste trabalho: a existência de uma Quarta Natureza. Um passo além nos projetos de arquitetura e urbanismo, que une o melhor da primeira, da segunda e da terceira natureza. Que otimize a união da inteligência humana evoluída (a tecnologia) com a gigantesca inteligência da Natureza (sua capacidade de regeneração e restauração). Quando isto vier a acontecer será possível curar nossos lugares e nossas vidas.Palavras chave: Quarta natureza; Projeto de Arquitetura e Urbanismo; Resiliência.Abstract :Evolution keeps everything in permanent transformation. We were once creatures and as we evolved, we became also creators. As creators we continue changing things in such as speed that somewhere, we have lost the sense that we came from the same matter as everything else that exists. This is all about Nature itself and we have set us apart from it. Nature as basis of everything has its own cicles, rhythms, balance. The problem is that lots of things that we have created changed Nature beyond its capacity of upcycling. We did not observe this balance, we did not recognize or respect it. It's about time to see that evolution must go on, but in a way that keeps us alive and in better conditions- not in worse. That is why this study claims for the existence of a "Fourth Nature". An further step on architecture and urban design that puts together the best part of the first, the second and the third Nature. That puts together both: human intelligence (technology) and Nature's huge intelligence and capacity for renewal and restoration. When all this come together it will be possible maybe to heal our places and our lives.Keywords: Fourth Nature; Resilience; Architecture and Urban Project
La novel·la històrica en mans de Josep Lozano: Crim de Germania i El Mut de la Campana
Authors: Francés Maria Jesús 
Published: June 2020

Resum: Parlar de la novel·la històrica en la producció de Josep Lozano s’associa indubtablement a la prestigiosa obra Crim de Germania que l’autor riberenc mostrava al públic l’any 1980. Més de vint anys després reprenia aquest format per a crear El Mut de la Campana (2003) i, de nou, demostrava la seua mestria dins d’aquest gènere. L’objectiu i la configuració interna en ambdues és diferent però el que va empentar l’autor en la dècada dels 80 a usar aquesta vessant creativa tan de moda aleshores persisteix: tornar a un temps passat i contar-lo en una època actual a través del filtre de la ficció i així mostrar quina societat ha sigut i és la societat valenciana. Una societat, aquesta, que sobreïx en tot moment de les dues obres per a demostrar com funciona col·lectivament, així com què la determina des d’un punt de vista idiosincràtic. Paraules clau: novel·la històrica, marc, anàlisi narrativa, etnopoètica, folklore. Abstract: Any analysis about Josep Lozano’s historical novels is undoubtedly associated to his prestigious work Crim de Germania, which the Ribera born author released in 1980. Some 20 years later he created another historical novel, El Mut de la Campana (2003), once again showing his mastery of the genre. The purpose and structure of both works are different, but what motivated the author to use such a creative format in the 80’s persists today: travel back in time, and tell the story as if it were the modern day through a fictional filter and, in doing so, showing what Valencian society was like. A society, this one, which is prevalent throughout both works, shows how it works collectively as well as how it is defined by its idiosyncrasies.Keywords: historical literature, frame, narrative analysis, ethnopoetics, folklore.
Semi-empirical Approach on the Methanogenic Toxicity of Aromatic Compounds on the Biogas Production
Authors: Nsimba Beaudrique M. , Basosila Norbert L. , Kayembe Jean-Claude K. , Mbuyi Didier M. , Matondo Aristote P. , Bongo Gédéon N. , Ngbolua Koto-te-Nyiwa , Mpiana Pius T. 
Published: June 2020

In this work, a semi-empirical approach correlating the values of methanogenic toxicity of 22 aromatic compounds was used. TheIC50 exp, along with the various molecular properties of these compounds were determined using the DFT B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) method. While a conceptual approach of the FDT, was made in order to determine those, which are responsible of this methanogenic activity of the studied aromatic compounds. The Principal Component Analysis method was used in order to describe all the connections and information contained between these various variables (IC50exp.and molecular properties) of the aromatic compounds. TThe Hierarchical Cluster Analysis helped to classify the studied aromatic compounds in various classes defining the various types of methanogenic toxicity. The findings show that the electron withdrawing and lipophilic substituents made the aromatic ring more toxic than the electron donating and hydrophilic substituents.The aromatic compounds with -NO2 and –Cl groups formed the classes of the most toxic with the bactericidal action ofstudied aromatic compounds, with values of IC50exp ranging between 4.19 ± 0.01 and 67.20 ± 1.97 mg/L. The compounds with -OH and -NH2 groups formed the class of the least toxic of studied aromatic compounds with bacteriostatic action with values of IC50exp ranging between 966.27 ± 7.04 and 3151.49 ± 5.93 mg/L. The benzene (aromatic ring unsubstituted) taken as reference, formed its own class with a value of IC50exp of 208.78 ± 2.80 mg/L. It thus marks the line of demarcation between the classes of studied aromatic compounds with the electron withdrawing and/or lipophilic substituents (-NO2 and -Cl), more toxic with the bactericide action, and that of the aromatic compounds with electron donating and hydrophilic substituents (-OH and -NH2), less toxic with the bacteriostatic action.
Determinants of Tax Compliance of Micro and Small Business Enterprise (MSE) Category “C” Taxpayers, the Case of Gurage Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Tessema Mitiku Melese 
Published: June 2020

This study sought to identify the determinant of tax compliance in Ethiopia, specifically focusing on Micro and Small business enterprises operating in the Gurage zone. The researcher outlined a detailed literature review and identified the variables for this research to be tax rate, tax knowledge, tax compliance cost; the attitude of Micro and small enterprises and tax system. The research employed both descriptive and explanatory research design. A sample size of 325 was used from a population of 1726 micro and small business enterprises category “C” taxpayers in the Gurage zone. Data was collected using questionnaires and the structured interview. The collected data was consequently analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientist software (SPSS V.22) and the findings of the research presented using tables, various chart types and graphs. The results showed that tax rate, tax knowledge, tax compliance cost, the attitude of SME's and tax system significant determine tax compliance of taxpayers. Tax rate, Tax system and compliance cost predominantly affect tax compliance. Concerning the cost of tax compliance, the study revealed that Micro and Small businesses incur different costs such as salary of accountants, fees to tax consultants, cost of stationeries, etc. that contributed for their non-compliance and estimation of Micro and Small Enterprises tax is another problem-related tax system. However, the taxpayers do feel and strongly agree that the taxation system in Ethiopia is in great need of improvement. The study then recommended that the current tax law should be amended to incorporate provisions that grant special tax incentives to MSEs to improve voluntary tax compliance by MSE taxpayers. The study also recommended that the ERCA should disseminate information on the tax rate and tax system more frequently to improve the levels of tax know-how for voluntary tax compliance.
Gruesomeness conveys formidability: Perpetrators of gratuitously grisly acts are conceptualized as larger, stronger, and more likely to win
Authors: Scrivner Coltan , Holbrook Colin , Fessler Daniel M. T. , Maestripieri Dario 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile associated with extreme terrorist organizations in modern times, extensive accounts of grisly acts of violence exist in the archeological, historical, and ethnographic records. Though reasons for this dramatic form of violence are multifaceted and diverse, one possibility is that violence beyond what is required to win a conflict is a method by which violent actors communicate to others that they are formidable opponents. The formidability representation hypothesis predicts that formidability is cognitively represented using the dimensions of envisioned bodily size and strength. We tested the informational ramifications of gruesome acts using two vignette studies depicting individuals who either did or did not grievously damage the corpse of a deceased foe. Participants rated the individual's height, bodily size, and strength, as well as his aggressiveness, motivation, and the capacity to vanquish opponents in future conflicts. Results indicate that, as predicted, committing gruesome acts of violence enhances perceptions of formidability as measured both by envisioned bodily size and strength and expectations regarding the outcomes of agonistic conflicts. Moreover, the gruesome actor was perceived as more aggressive and more motivated to overcome his enemies, and this mediated the increase in conceptualized size and strength. These results both provide further evidence for the formidability representation hypothesis and support the thesis that overtly grisly violence is tactically employed, in part, because it conveys information about the perpetrator's formidability.
The Follistatin‐like Protein 1 Pathway Is Important for Maintaining Healthy Articular Cartilage
Authors: Chaly Yury , Hostager Bruce , Smith Sonja , Hirsch Raphael 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveWe sought to determine whether follistatin‐like protein 1 (FSTL1), a protein produced by articular chondrocytes, promotes healthy articular cartilage and prevents chondrocytes from undergoing terminal differentiation to hypertrophic cells.MethodsIn vitro experiments were performed with immortalized human articular chondrocytes. The cells were transduced with a lentivirus encoding human FSTL1 small hairpin RNA or with an adenovirus encoding FSTL1. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used for gene expression analysis. Protein expression was assessed by Western blotting. Co‐immunoprecipitation was used to identify interacting partners of FSTL1. FSTL1 expression in human articular cartilage was analyzed using confocal microscopy.ResultsDownregulation of FSTL1 expression in transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)‐stimulated chondrocyte pellet cultures led to chondrocyte terminal differentiation characterized by poor production of cartilage extracellular matrix and altered expression of genes and proteins involved in cartilage homeostasis, including MMP13, COL10A1, RUNX2, COL2A1, ACAN, Sox9, and phospho‐Smad3. We also showed that FSTL1 interacts with TGFβ receptor proteins, Alk1 and endoglin, suggesting a potential mechanism for its effects on chondrocytes. Transduction of chondrocytes with an FSTL1 transgene increased COL2A1 expression, whereas it did not affect MMP13 expression. FSTL1 protein expression was decreased in human osteoarthritic cartilage in situ.ConclusionOur data suggest that FSTL1 plays an important role in maintaining healthy articular cartilage and the FSTL1 pathway may represent a therapeutic target for degenerative diseases of cartilage.
Boosting Activity on Co4N Porous Nanosheet by Coupling CeO2 for Efficient Electrochemical Overall Water Splitting at High Current Densities
Authors: Sun Hongming , Tian Caiying , Fan Guilan , Qi Jianing , Liu Ziting , Yan Zhenhua , Cheng Fangyi , Chen Jing , Li Cheng‐Peng , Du Miao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDeveloping highly active nonprecious electrocatalysts with superior durability for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial to improve the efficiency of overall water splitting but remains challenging. Here, a novel superhydrophilic Co4N‐CeO2 hybrid nanosheet array is synthesized on a graphite plate (Co4N‐CeO2/GP) by an anion intercalation enhanced electrodeposition method, followed by high‐temperature nitridation. Doping CeO2 into Co4N can favor dissociation of H2O and adsorption of hydrogen, reduce the energy barrier of intermediate reactions of OER, and improve the compositional stability, thereby dramatically boosting the HER performance while simultaneously inducing enhanced OER activity. Furthermore, the superhydrophilic self‐supported electrode with Co4N‐CeO2 in situ grown on the conductive substrate expedites electron conduction between substrate and catalyst, promotes the bubble release from electrode timely and impedes catalyst shedding, ensuring a high efficiency and stable working state. Consequently, the Co4N‐CeO2/GP electrode shows exceptionally low overpotentials of 24 and 239 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for HER and OER, respectively. An alkaline electrolyzer by using Co4N‐CeO2/GP as both the cathode and anode requires a cell voltage of 1.507 V to drive 10 mA cm−2, outperforming the Pt/C||RuO2 electrolyzer (1.540 V@10 mA cm−2). More significantly, the electrolyzer has extraordinary long‐term durability at a large current density of 500 mA cm−2 for 50 h, revealing its potential in large‐scale applications.
Polyanion Sodium Vanadium Phosphate for Next Generation of Sodium‐Ion Batteries—A Review
Authors: Chen Gongxuan , Huang Qing , Wu Tian , Lu Li 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPolyanion‐type sodium (Na) vanadium phosphate in the form of Na3V2(PO4)3 has demonstrated reasonably high capacity, good rate capability, and excellent cyclability. Two of three Na ions per formula can be deintercalated at a potential 3.4 V versus Na+/Na with oxidation of V3+/4+. In the reversible process, two Na ions intercalate back resulting in a discharge capacity of 117.6 mAh g−1. Further intercalation is possible but at a low potential of 1.4 V versus Na+/Na accompanied by vanadium reduction V3+/2+, leading to a capacity of 60 mAh g−1. Due to its marvelous electrochemical performance, it has attracted a lot of attention since its discovery in the 1990s. To develop truly useable polyanion‐type vanadium phosphate, better understanding of its crystal configuration, sodium ions' transportation, and electronic structure is essential. Therefore, this review only focuses on the inside of crystal configuration and electronic structure of polyanion‐type vanadium phosphate, Na3V2(PO4)3, since there are a few good reviews on various processing technologies.
Direct Growth of Nanopatterned Graphene on Sapphire and Its Application in Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Chen Zhaolong , Chang Hongliang , Cheng Ting , Wei Tongbo , Wang Ruoyu , Yang Shenyuan , Dou Zhipeng , Liu Bingyao , Zhang Shishu , Xie Yadian , Liu Zhiqiang , Zhang Yanfeng , Li Jinmin , Ding Feng , Gao Peng , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDirect growth of graphene films on functional substrates is immensely beneficial for the large‐scale applications of graphene by avoiding the transfer‐induced issues. Notably, the selective growth of patterned graphene will further boost the development of graphene‐based devices. Here, the direct growth of patterned graphene on the c‐plane of nanopatterned sapphire substrate (NPSS) is realized and the superiority of the patterned graphene for high‐performance ultraviolet light‐emitting diodes (UV‐LED) is demonstrated. As confirmed by density functional theory calculations and analog simulations, compared to the concave r‐plane the flat c‐plane of NPSS is characterized by a lower active barrier for methane decomposition and carbon species diffusion, as well as a greater supply of carbon precursor for graphene growth. The synthesized patterned graphene on the c‐plane of NPSS is verified to be monolayer and high quality. The patterned graphene enables the selective and well‐aligned nucleation of aluminium nitride (AlN) to promote rapid epitaxial lateral overgrowth of single‐crystal AlN films with low dislocation density. Consequently, the fabricated UV‐LED demonstrates high luminescence intensity and stability. The method is suitable for obtaining various patterned graphene by substrate design, which will allow for greater progress in the cutting‐edge applications of graphene.
Tumor Microenvironment Targeting Nano–Bio Emulsion for Synergistic Combinational X‐Ray PDT with Oncolytic Bacteria Therapy
Authors: Park Wooram , Cho Soojeong , Kang Dongkyu , Han Jun‐Hyeok , Park Jung‐Hoon , Lee Byeongdu , Lee Joonseok , Kim Dong‐Hyun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVarious cancer therapies have been developed, but tumor recurrence with incomplete tumor killing and remaining tumor cells/tissues is frequent in monotherapies. Herein, a nano–bio therapeutic emulsion formulated with multifunctional nanoscintillators and anaerobic Clostridium novyi‐NT spores for synergistic image‐guided combinational cancer therapy is reported. MRI visible nanoscintillators (NSs) are synthesized with a NaGdF4:Tb,Ce@NaGdF4 core/shell structure for an image‐guided X‐ray photodynamic therapy (PDT) of the normoxic peripheral tumor. An anaerobic oncolytic bacterium (C. novyi‐NT) therapy is combined to treat the hypoxic central tumor tissues. Photosensitizer‐coated NSs (PS‐NSs) and C. novyi‐NT spores are emulsified with clinically available ethiodized oil (Lipiodol) to be the nano–bio therapeutic emulsion and injected into the tumor with computed tomography image guidance. The distribution of nano–bio therapeutic emulsion, including PS‐NSs and anaerobic C. novyi‐NT spores in the tumor site, is confirmed by both X‐ray and T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Following the image‐guided X‐ray PDT and anaerobic C. novyi‐ NT combination treatment, apoptotic cell death in cancer tissues, including both peripheral and central tumor regions, is significantly higher than in the control groups. This combination therapy approach using a nano–bio therapeutic emulsion is expected to overcome the limitations of conventional cancer therapy, resulting in increased cancer‐therapeutic efficacy.
Thermomechanical Nanocutting of 2D Materials
Authors: Liu Xia , Howell Samuel Tobias , Conde‐Rubio Ana , Boero Giovanni , Brugger Juergen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAtomically thin materials, such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, are promising candidates for future applications in micro/nanodevices and systems. For most applications, functional nanostructures have to be patterned by lithography. Developing lithography techniques for 2D materials is essential for system integration and wafer‐scale manufacturing. Here, a thermomechanical indentation technique is demonstrated, which allows for the direct cutting of 2D materials using a heated scanning nanotip. Arbitrarily shaped cuts with a resolution of 20 nm are obtained in monolayer 2D materials, i.e., molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2), by thermomechanically cleaving the chemical bonds and by rapid sublimation of the polymer layer underneath the 2D material layer. Several micro/nanoribbon structures are fabricated and electrically characterized to demonstrate the process for device fabrication. The proposed direct nanocutting technique allows for precisely tailoring nanostructures of 2D materials with foreseen applications in the fabrication of electronic and photonic nanodevices.
High‐Efficiency Perovskite Quantum Dot Hybrid Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with Near‐Zero Driving Force
Authors: Wang Yifan , Jia Boyu , Wang Jing , Xue Peiyao , Xiao Yiqun , Li Tengfei , Wang Jiayu , Lu Heng , Tang Zheng , Lu Xinhui , Huang Fei , Zhan Xiaowei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo take advantages of the intense absorption and fluorescence, high charge mobility, and high dielectric constant of CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs), PQD hybrid nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) are fabricated. Addition of PQDs leads to simultaneous enhancement of open‐circuit voltage (VOC), short‐circuit current density (JSC), and fill factor (FF); power conversion efficiencies are boosted from 11.6% to 13.2% for PTB7‐Th:FOIC blend and from 15.4% to 16.6% for PM6:Y6 blend. Incorporation of PQDs dramatically increases the energy of the charge transfer state, resulting in near‐zero driving force and improved VOC. Interestingly, at near‐zero driving force, the PQD hybrid OSCs show more efficient charge generation than the control device without PQDs, contributing to enhanced JSC, due to the formation of cascade band structure and increased molecular ordering. The strong fluorescence of the PQDs enhances the external quantum efficiency of the electroluminescence of the active layer, which can reduce nonradiative recombination voltage loss. The high dielectric constant of the PQDs screens the Coulombic interactions and reduces charge recombination, which is beneficial for increased FF. This work may open up wide applicability of perovskite quantum dots and an avenue toward high‐performance nonfullerene solar cells.