bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of dynamic CO2 capture over 13X zeolite monoliths in the presence of SOx, NOx and humidity
Authors: Al‐Naddaf Qasim , Lawson Shane , Rownaghi Ali A. , Rezaei Fateme 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this investigation, the CO2 capture performances of zeolite 13X monoliths with 600 and 800 cells per square inch (cpsi) in the presence of SO2/NO impurities under dry and humid conditions were evaluated and compared with that of 13X beads. Dynamic breakthrough tests demonstrated a drastic reduction in CO2 capture capacity and deterioration of kinetics under dry‐clean conditions, whereas, upon switching the feed from a clean gas to contaminated gas which contained SO2 and NO, different adsorption performance was observed. Specifically, in dry‐contaminated mode, the adsorbents retained their capture capacities with comparable kinetics to that of dry‐clean feed conditions, however, in humid‐contaminated mode, the adsorbents experienced improved CO2 uptake and CO2/N2 selectivity, albeit at the expense of deteriorated kinetics. These findings indicate that the presence of SO2 and NO contaminants, especially SO2 contaminants, lead to dramatic changes in the adsorption performance of zeolite 13X monoliths, indicating the importance of evaluating adsorbent materials under realistic conditions.
High prevalence of cardiometabolic risk features in adolescents with 47,XXY/Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Davis Shanlee M. , DeKlotz Sophia , Nadeau Kristen J. , Kelsey Megan M. , Zeitler Philip S. , Tartaglia Nicole R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractKlinefelter syndrome (KS) occurs in 1:600 males and is associated with high morbidity and mortality due to diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Up to 50% of men with KS have metabolic syndrome, a cluster of features conferring increased risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. These cardiometabolic (CM) risk features have not been studied in adolescents with KS. The objective of this cohort study was to compare CM risk features in adolescents with KS to controls matched for sex, age, and BMI z score. Fifty males with KS (age 10–17 years) were well‐matched to male controls (n = 50) for age (14.0 ± 1.7 vs. 14.0 ± 1.5 years) and BMI z score (0.3 ± 1.3 vs. 0.4 ± 1.2). Three CM risk features were present in 30% of adolescents with KS compared to 12% of controls (RR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1–5.9, p = .048). The KS group had significantly lower HDL cholesterol (p = .006), higher triglycerides (p < .001), and greater waist circumference percentile (p < .001). Despite a normal BMI, the prevalence of CM risk features was very high in adolescents with KS, particularly for central adiposity and dyslipidemia. The pathophysiology of this metabolic profile independent of obesity needs further investigation to facilitate prevention of the high morbidity of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in this population. ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT01585831 and NCT02723305.
Testicular function in boys with 47,XYY and relationship to phenotype
Authors: Davis Shanlee M , Bloy Luke , Roberts Timothy P.L. , Kowal Karen , Alston Amanda , Tahsin Aysha , Truxon Alyssa , Ross Judith L 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn additional Y chromosome occurs in ~1 in 1,000 males, resulting in the karyotype 47,XYY. The phenotype includes tall stature, hypotonia, neuropsychiatric comorbidities, and an increased risk of infertility in adulthood. Little is known about testicular function in childhood and adolescence in 47,XYY. This cross‐sectional study aimed to assess testicular function serum biomarkers, including total testosterone, inhibin B, and anti‐mullerian hormone (AMH), in 82 boys with XYY (11.3 ± 3.8 years) compared with 66 male controls (11.6 ± 3.8 years). The association of testicular hormones with physical features, neuropsychological phenotype, and magnetoencephalography (MEG) was assessed with multiple linear regression models. Results indicate males with XYY have significantly lower inhibin B (median 84 pg/ml vs. 109 pg/ml, p = .004) and higher AMH (median 41 ng/ml vs. 29 ng/ml, p = .011); however, testosterone, testicular volume, and stretched penile length were not different from controls. In the exploratory analysis of relationships between hormone concentrations and phenotypic assessments, higher inhibin B concentrations were positively correlated with lower BMI and better cognitive, academic, and behavioral outcomes in the XYY group. Testosterone concentrations were positively associated with better behavioral outcomes in boys with XYY. Higher testosterone and inhibin B concentrations were also associated with shorter auditory latencies measured using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in XYY. With a few exceptions, testicular hormones were not associated with phenotypic outcomes in controls. In conclusion, there is evidence of subtle impaired testicular function in boys with XYY and a newly described relationship between measures of testicular function and some aspects of the XYY phenotype.
Isothiourea‐Catalyzed Functionalization of Pyrrolyl‐ and Indolylacetic Acid: Enantioselective Synthesis of Dihydropyridinones and One‐pot Synthesis of Pyridinones
Authors: Zhang Shuyue , Bacheley Lucas , Young Claire M. , Stark Daniel G. , O'Riordan Timothy , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Smith Andrew D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA protocol for the isothiourea‐catalyzed enantioselective functionalization of pyrrolyl‐ and indolylacetic acids has been developed. Stereodefined dihydropyridinones are accessed through formal [4+2] cycloaddition of an in situ generated isothiouronium enolate with α,β‐unsaturated ketimines. The dihydropyridinones are obtained in moderate to excellent yield (26–97%), excellent diastereocontrol (all >95 : 5 dr) and moderate to excellent enantiocontrol (75 : 25–99 : 1 er). An unusual elimination of pyrrole or indole from the dihydropyridinone to access achiral pyridinones was observed and could be selectively promoted. A further one‐pot synthesis using an acyl imidazole was developed to give pyridinones in good to excellent yields (67–91%).
GABAergic dysfunction in excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) imbalance drives the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bi Danlei , Wen Lang , Wu Zujun , Shen Yong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo propose a new hypothesis that GABAergic dysfunction in excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) imbalance drives the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).BackgroundSynaptic dysfunction and E/I imbalance emerge decades before the appearance of cognitive decline in AD patients, which contribute to neurodegeneration. Initially, E/I imbalance was thought to occur first, due to dysfunction of the glutamatergic and cholinergic systems. However, new evidence has demonstrated that the GABAergic system, the counterpart of E/I balance and the major inhibitory neurotransmitter system in the central nervous system, is altered enormously and that this contributes to E/I imbalance and further AD pathogenesis.New hypothesisAlterations to the GABAergic system, induced by multiple AD pathogenic or risk factors, contribute to E/I imbalance and AD pathogenesis.Major challenges for the hypothesisThis GABAergic hypothesis accounts for many critical questions and common challenges confronting a new hypothesis of AD pathogenesis. More specifically, it explains why amyloid beta (Aβ), β‐secretase (BACE1), apolipoprotein E4 gene (APOE ε4), hyperactive glia cells, contributes to AD pathogenesis and why age and sex are the risk factors of AD. GABAergic dysfunction promotes the spread of Aβ pathology throughout the AD brain and associated cognitive impairments, and the induction of dysfunction induced by these varied risk factors shares this common neurobiology leading to E/I imbalance. In turn, some of these factors exacerbate GABAergic dysfunction and E/I imbalance. Moreover, the GABAergic system modulates various brain functions and thus, the GABAergic hypothesis accounts for nonamnestic manifestations. Furthermore, corrections of E/I balance through manipulation of GABAergic functions have shown positive outcomes in preclinical and clinical studies, suggesting the potential of the GABAergic system as a therapeutic target in AD.Linkage to other major theoriesDysfunction of the GABAergic system is induced by multiple critical signaling pathways, which include the existing major theories of AD pathogenesis, such as the Aβ and neuroinflammation hypotheses. In a new perspective, this GABAergic hypothesis accounts for the E/I imbalance and related excitotoxicity, which contribute to cognitive decline and AD pathogenesis. Therefore, the GABAergic system could be a key target to restore, at least partially, the E/I balance and cognitive function in AD patients.
Exploratory analysis of mtDNA haplogroups in two Alzheimer's longitudinal cohorts
Authors: Swerdlow Russell H. , Hui Dongwei , Chalise Prabhakar , Sharma Palash , Wang Xinkun , Andrews Shea J. , Pa Judy , Mahnken Jonathan D. , Morris Jill , Wilkins Heather M. , Burns Jeffrey M. , Michaelis Mary L. , Michaelis Elias K. ,   For the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionInherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants may influence Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk.MethodsWe sequenced mtDNA from 146 AD and 265 cognitively normal (CN) subjects from the University of Kansas AD Center (KUADC) and assigned haplogroups. We further considered 244 AD and 242 CN AD Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) subjects with equivalent data.ResultsWithout applying multiple comparisons corrections, KUADC haplogroup J AD and CN frequencies were 16.4% versus 7.6% (P = .007), and haplogroup K AD and CN frequencies were 4.8% versus 10.2% (P = .063). ADNI haplogroup J AD and CN frequencies were 10.7% versus 7.0% (P = .20), and haplogroup K frequencies were 4.9% versus 8.7% (P = .11). For the combined 390 AD and 507 CN cases haplogroup J frequencies were 12.8% versus 7.3% (P = .006), odds ratio (OR) = 1.87, and haplogroup K frequencies were 4.9% versus 9.5% (P = .010), OR = 0.49. Associations remained significant after adjusting for apolipoprotein E, age, and sex.ConclusionThis exploratory analysis suggests inherited mtDNA variants influence AD risk.
Osmolality as a lever to modulate the N‐glycolylneuraminicacid (Neu5Gc) level of a recombinant glycoprotein produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Xu Sen , Borys Michael , Khetan Anurag , Pla Itzcoatl 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGlycoproteins could be highly sialylated, and controlling the sialic acid levels for some therapeutic proteins is critical to ensure product consistency and efficacy. N‐acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac, or NANA) and N‐glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc, or NGNA) are the two most common forms of sialic acids produced in mammalian cells. As Neu5Gc is not produced in humans and can elicit immune responses, minimizing Neu5Gc formation is important in controlling this quality attribute for complex glycoproteins. In this study, a sialylated glycoprotein was used as the model molecule to study the effect of culture osmolality on Neu5Gc. A 14‐day fed‐batch process with osmolality maintained at physiological levels produced high levels of Neu5Gc. Increase of culture osmolality reduced the Neu5Gc level up to 70–80%, and the effect was proportional to the osmolality level. Through evaluating different osmolality conditions (300–450 mOsm/kg) under low or high pCO2, we demonstrated that osmolality could be an effective process lever to modulate the Neu5Gc level. Potential mechanism of osmolality impact on Neu5Gc is discussed and is hypothesized to be cytosol NADH availability related. Compared with cell line engineering efforts, this simple process lever provides the opportunity to readily modulate the Neu5Gc level in a cell culture environment.
Impact of the Dissolved Anion on the Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to CO with Ruthenium CNC Pincer Complexes
Authors: Shirley Hunter , Figgins Matthew T. , Boudreaux Chance M. , Liyanage Nalaka P. , Lamb Robert W. , Webster Charles Edwin , Papish Elizabeth T. , Delcamp Jared H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe reactivity of three ruthenium electrocatalysts is shown to be modulated through the addition of anions for more selective and faster electrocatalysis. Controlled potential electrolysis studies confirm the generation of CO from CO2. The Faradaic efficiency increased for the three ruthenium catalysts studied through the introduction of Cl– to the reaction solution. Interestingly, a neutral ruthenium coordination complex with an associated chloride also gave equal or faster rates of catalysis upon Cl− addition. In this report, a systematic study on the effects of added halides (I−, Br−, Cl−, and F−) with varied counter cations (K+ and TBA+) with and without water is examined. Computational analysis provides insights into this interesting increase in FE based on anion addition. These results show anion addition to electrocatalysis reaction mixtures add an additional parameter to increase both rate and selectivity of catalysis with one example improving from 19 % FE to 91 % FE for CO production.
Dihydrogen‐Driven NADPH Recycling in Imine Reduction and P450‐Catalyzed Oxidations Mediated by an Engineered O2‐Tolerant Hydrogenase
Authors: Preissler Janina , Reeve Holly A. , Zhu Tianze , Nicholson Jake , Urata Kouji , Lauterbach Lars , Wong Luet L. , Vincent Kylie A. , Lenz Oliver 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe O2‐tolerant NAD+‐reducing hydrogenase (SH) from Ralstonia eutropha (Cupriavidus necator) has already been applied in vitro and in vivo for H2‐driven NADH recycling in coupled enzymatic reactions with various NADH‐dependent oxidoreductases. To expand the scope for application in NADPH‐dependent biocatalysis, we introduced changes in the NAD+‐binding pocket of the enzyme by rational mutagenesis, and generated a variant with significantly higher affinity for NADP+ than for the natural substrate NAD+, while retaining native O2‐tolerance. The applicability of the SH variant in H2‐driven NADPH supply was demonstrated by the full conversion of 2‐methyl‐1‐pyrroline into a single enantiomer of 2‐methylpyrrolidine catalysed by a stereoselective imine reductase. In an even more challenging reaction, the SH supported a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase for the oxidation of octane under safe H2/O2 mixtures. Thus, the re‐designed SH represents a versatile platform for atom‐efficient, H2‐driven cofactor recycling in biotransformations involving NADPH‐dependent oxidoreductases.
Widening the Scope of “Inherently Chiral” Electrodes: Enantiodiscrimination of Chiral Electroactive Probes with Planar Stereogenicity
Authors: Grecchi Sara , Arnaboldi Serena , Korb Marcus , Cirilli Roberto , Araneo Silvia , Guglielmi Vittoria , Tomboni Giorgio , Magni Mirko , Benincori Tiziana , Lang Heinrich , Mussini Patrizia R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA series of planar‐stereogenicity ferrocenes, important as chiral promoters in enantioselective catalysis, is characterized in terms of relationships between structure and electronic properties. The enantiomers of six selected model cases are then successfully discriminated in voltammetry experiments on electrodes modified with electrodeposited inherently chiral oligomer films, in terms of significant potential differences, specular inverting probe or selector configuration. Small substituent changes do not alter the enantiomer peak sequence, but result in significant modulation of peak potential differences, which appear consistent with the availability of chiral/selector matching elements. The present stereogenic plane case, combined with former ones involving stereogenic centers, axes, and/or helices, shows that the inherent chirality strategy in electroanalysis can be effective with all four rigid stereogenic elements.
Synthesis of Ultrathin MoS2 Nanosheets Embedded in 3D Hierarchically Nitrogen‐and‐Sulfur Co‐Doped Porous Carbon Composites as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst
Authors: Huang Moujie , Chen Huanhui , He Jiao , Chen Junning , Sun Lingna , Li Yongliang , Ren Xiangzhong , Deng Libo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCatalysts comprising MoS2 incorporated into 3D hierarchically N,S co‐doped carbon composites (MoS2@NSC) were prepared through a facile and scalable method by using the functional fluidic acrylonitrile telomer as a carbon source and doping agent, and SiO2 as a hard template. The optimal catalyst, MoS2@NSC‐2, showed effective oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic activity with the initial potential of 0.93 V and half‐potential of 0.82 V in basic electrolyte. In addition, MoS2@NSC‐2 favored a four‐electron reduction process and demonstrated a superior durability and methanol tolerance, which could be ascribed to its unique porous structure that can effectively facilitate the transfer of electrolyte and O2 molecules. The Mo−Nx species are formed due to the doping of N atoms into the crystal lattice of MoS2, which can further enhance the ORR catalytic activity. Our work affords a forward‐looking strategy for designing efficient and low‐cost ORR catalysts on a large scale.
Evaluation of 5H‐Thiazolo[3,2‐α]pyrimidin‐5‐ones as Potential GluN2A PET Tracers
Authors: He Yingfang , Whitehead David M. , Briard Emmanuelle , Numao Shin , Mu Linjing , Schibli Roger , Ametamey Simon M. , Auberson Yves P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe describe here our efforts to develop a PET tracer for imaging GluN2A‐containing NMDA receptors, based on a 5H‐thiazolo[3,2‐α]pyrimidin‐5‐one scaffold. The metabolic stability and overall properties could be optimized satisfactorily, although binding affinities remained a limiting factor forin vivoimaging. We nevertheless identified 7‐(((2‐fluoroethyl)(3‐fluorophenyl)amino)‐methyl)‐3‐(2‐(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)‐2‐methyl‐5H‐thiazolo‐[3,2‐α]pyrimidin‐5‐one ([18F]7b) as a radioligand providing good‐quality images in autoradiographic studies, as well as a tritiated derivative, 2‐(7‐(((2‐fluoroethyl)(4‐fluorophenyl)amino)methyl)‐2‐methyl‐5‐oxo‐5H‐thiazolo[3,2‐α]pyrimidin‐3‐yl)cyclopropane‐1‐carbonitrile ([3H2]15b), which was used for the successful development of a radioligand binding assay. These are valuable new tools for the study of GluN2A‐containing NMDA receptors, and for the optimization of allosteric modulators binding to the pharmacophore located at the dimer interface of the GluN1‐GluN2A ligand‐binding domain.
A electronic voting protocol based on blockchain and homomorphic signcryption
Authors: Qu Wenlei , Wu Lei , Wang Wei , Liu Zhaoman , Wang Hao 
Published: June 2020

SummaryCompared with traditional voting methods, electronic voting can effectively avoid the phenomenon of fraud for personal gains in various links, it is faster and more accurate in the tallying stage. However, many electronic voting systems have many problems such as inability to verify ballots, easy to be forged, and low computing efficiency. We propose an electronic voting protocol based on homomorphic signcryption and blockchain. The protocol makes the voting process public through blockchain and replaces the traditional trusted third party with the smart contract. It uses the homomorphic encryption algorithm and the homomorphic signcryption algorithm to encrypt and sign the ballot and uses their aggregation properties to perform homomorphic tally on the encrypted votes. This not only reduces the excessive burden on the voters but also improves the voting efficiency. At the same time, it can satisfy the security of electronic voting, and the amount of calculation is small, so it is more convenient and flexible to use in large‐scale voting.
Improved “K” type seven‐level switched capacitor inverter topology with Self‐voltage balancing
Authors: Jagabar Sathik M. , Sandeep N. , Almakhles Dhafer , Blaabjerg Frede 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThis paper proposes an improved “K” type seven‐level switched capacitor inverter topology. The proposed topology consists of eight active switches, one floating capacitor, and two dc‐link capacitors. The floating capacitors are charged and discharged in each half‐cycle to maintain the capacitor voltage with the same value of the input voltage. The floating capacitor voltage is self‐balanced, and the output voltage is 1.5 times higher than the input voltage. To prove the superiority of the proposed topology, it is compared with the existing seven‐level inverters in terms of maximum voltage stress on the switch and required the number of power components. The simulation and experimental validation are carried out for 1.6 kW, 50 Hz using a laboratory‐based setup with a switching frequency of 5 kHz. The results are discussed highlighting the performance of the proposed topology for the dynamic load variations at different modulation indices. Both simulation results and experimental results have good agreement in terms of voltage balancing of flying capacitor.
Interobserver reproducibility of The Paris System of Reporting Urine Cytology on cytocentrifuged samples
Authors: Sahai Rishabh , Rajkumar Bindu , Joshi Prashant , Singh Ashok , Kumar Arvind , Durgapal Prashant , Gupta Arvind , Kishore Sanjeev , Chowdhury Nilotpal 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Paris System of Reporting Urine Cytology aims to screen samples for HGUC and to provide a universally acceptable reporting format for urine cytology specimens. However, studies detailing the reproducibility of this system, especially on cyto‐centrifuge preparations, are lacking.Methods149 voided urine samples received in Department of Pathology were reviewed independently by five cytopathologists. To estimate the overall agreement, Gwet's AC and AC1statistics between each pair of raters were used. To measure the random error component, polychoric correlations were used. To assess the systematic error, Friedman test was used.ResultsThere was moderately good inter‐rater agreement between the raters. Gwets AC2 ranged between 0.67 and 0.89 for the classification of the cases once the sample was found adequate for assessment, while the Gwet's AC1 ranged between 0.61 and 0.94 in assessing for adequacy. There were significant systematic differences between raters in their thresholds for the different categories as well as in differentiating between an adequate and inadequate sample (P value by Friedman test <.001). The association between pathologists was moderately high (polychoric correlations ranging from 0.67 to 0.93). In the majority (108 of 149, 72.5%) of the cases, the range of differences between raters were of one category or less, suggesting satisfactory agreement, but having large disagreements in minority.ConclusionThe interobserver reproducibility for the Paris System is moderately good, and is suitable for adoption. It is limited by the lack of agreement as to what constitutes an adequate specimen and differing threshold for categorizing the lesions in differing groups.