bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airway organoids as models of human disease
Authors: van der Vaart J. , Clevers H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStudies developing and applying organoid technology have greatly increased in volume and visibility over the past decade. Organoids are three‐dimensional structures that are established from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) or adult tissue stem cells (ASCs). They consist of organ‐specific cell types that self‐organize through cell sorting and spatially restricted lineage commitment to generate architectural and functional characteristics of the tissue of interest. The field of respiratory development and disease has been particularly productive in this regard. Starting from human cells (PSCs or ASCs), models of the two segments of the lung, the airways and the alveoli, can be built. Such organoids allow the study of development, physiology and disease and thus bridge the gap between animal models and clinical studies. This review discusses current developments in the pulmonary organoid field, highlighting the potential and limitations of current models.
Characteristics of Schools with Youth Sports Concussion‐Related Educational Policies and Practices
Authors: DePadilla PhD Lara , Miller PhD Gabrielle F. , Everett Jones PhD, MPH, JD Sherry 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool policies and practices designed to educate athletes, parents, and coaches about youth sports concussions may be a way to reduce concussion risk and improve both the recognition and management of concussions.METHODSNationally representative data from the 2014 School Health Policies and Practices Study (SHPPS) were used to assess associations between school demographic characteristics (eg, school level, metropolitan status, and school type) and school policies and practices addressing youth sports concussion‐related education for athletes, parents, and coaches.RESULTSOverall, many schools had policies and practices that addressed youth sports concussion‐related education for athletes, parents, and coaches. There was significant variability in the adoption of policies and practices by some school demographic characteristics. Middle schools, private schools, and urban schools were less likely to adopt many of the policies and practices than high schools, public schools, and rural schools, respectively. For other school characteristics, no consistent patterns of associations emerged.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that middle, private, and urban schools, in particular, are more likely to lack youth sports concussion‐related educational policies and practices and may need information or resources about the importance of education related to preventing, recognizing, and responding to concussions.
Pityriasis lichenoides acuta (PLEVA) pemphigoides: A rare bullous variant of PLEVA
Authors: Reichel Alexandra , Grothaus Julia , Ott Hagen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough the clinical presentations of patients with pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) may vary, bullae are not usually part of the clinical spectrum. To date, only two other cases of a bullous variant of PLEVA with evidence of autoantibodies against hemidesmosomal antigens have been reported. The term PLEVA pemphigoides was suggested for this unique clinical, pathological and serological combination of both PLEVA and bullous pemphigoid.
Risk factors for motor coordination problems in preschool‐age children
Authors: Suyama Satoshi , Yagyu Kazuyori , Araki Atsuko , Miyashita Chihiro , Itoh Sachiko , Minatoya Machiko , Yamazaki Keiko , Tamura Naomi , Nakai Akio , Saito Takuya , Kishi Reiko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundMotor coordination problems (MCP) in children can sometimes be diagnosed as developmental coordination disorder. Early intervention for developmental coordination disorder is necessary because it often continues into adolescence, causing mental and physical complications. Few studies have investigated the prevalence of childhood MCP in the Japanese population, examining the risk factors for MCP. We therefore investigated the prenatal factors associated with MCP in preschool‐age children.MethodsThis study was based on a prospective cohort study, the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children’s Health. Mothers of 4,851 children who reached the age of 5 years within the study‐period received questionnaires, including the Japanese version of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ‐J). We examined the risk factors associated with MCP using logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf 3,402 returned DCDQ‐J questionnaires, 3,369 were answered completely. From the 3,369 children, we categorized having MCP by using two cut‐off scores: that of the DCDQ’07 and the cut‐off at the 5th percentile of a total DCDQ‐J score. Comparing children with and without MCP, we found significant differences in the education level of the mothers, annual household income during pregnancy, maternal alcohol consumption and smoking during pregnancy, and sex and age of the children at the time of completing the DCDQ‐J by both categorizations. Adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that maternal smoking during the first trimester of pregnancy and male sex were significantly associated with MCP.ConclusionsOur results suggest that maternal smoking during pregnancy is the main factor associated with MCP in preschool‐age children.
The fitness versus body fat hypothesis in relation to hippocampal structure
Authors: Aghjayan Sarah L. , Jakicic John M. , Rogers Renee J. , Esteban‐Cornejo Irene , Peven Jamie C. , Stillman Chelsea M. , Watt Jennifer C. , Erickson Kirk I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Fitness Versus Body Fat Hypothesis argues that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) plays a more important role in cardiovascular health than adiposity. It remains poorly understood whether CRF or adiposity accounts for a greater amount of variation in measures of brain health. We examined the contribution of CRF, adiposity, and their interaction with hippocampal structure. This study included 124 sedentary adults (M = 44.34) with overweight/obesity (Body Mass Index mean = 32.43). FMRIB’s Integrated Registration and Segmentation Tool was used to segment the hippocampus. Using hierarchical regression, we examined whether CRF, assessed via a submaximal graded exercise test, or adiposity, assessed as percent body fat using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) was associated with left and right hippocampal volume. Vertex‐wise shape analysis was performed to examine regional shape differences associated with CRF and adiposity. Higher CRF was significantly associated with greater left hippocampal volume (p = .031), with outward shape differences along the surface of the subiculum and CA1 regions. Adiposity was not associated with left or right hippocampal volume or shape. The interaction between adiposity and CRF was not significant. Neither CRF nor adiposity were associated with thalamus or caudate nucleus volumes or shapes, two control regions. Higher CRF, but not adiposity, was related to greater left hippocampal volume, with outward shape differences along the surface of the subiculum and CA1 regions in a midlife sample with overweight/obesity. These findings indicate that, within the context of obesity, CRF is an important contributor to hippocampal structure, highlighting the importance of interventions targeting CRF.
The Harmonic Meanχ2-Test to Substantiate Scientific Findings
Authors: Held Leonhard 
Published: April 2020

SummaryStatistical methodology plays a crucial role in drug regulation. Decisions by the US Food and Drug Administration or European Medicines Agency are typically made based on multiple primary studies testing the same medical product, where the two-trials rule is the standard requirement, despite shortcomings. A new approach is proposed for this task based on the harmonic mean of the squared study-specific test statistics. Appropriate scaling ensures that, for any number of independent studies, the null distribution is a χ2-distribution with 1 degree of freedom. This gives rise to a new method for combining one-sided p-values and calculating confidence intervals for the overall treatment effect. Further properties are discussed and a comparison with the two-trials rule is made, as well as with alternative research synthesis methods. An attractive feature of the new approach is that a claim of success requires each study to be convincing on its own to a certain degree depending on the overall level of significance and the number of studies. The new approach is motivated by and applied to data from five clinical trials investigating the effect of carvedilol for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe heart failure.
The “11 for Health in Denmark” intervention in 10‐ to 12‐year‐old Danish girls and boys and its effects on well‐being—A large‐scale cluster RCT
Authors: Madsen Mads , Elbe Anne‐Marie , Madsen Esben Elholm , Ermidis Georgios , Ryom Knud , Wikman Johan Michael , Rasmussen Lind Rune , Larsen Malte Nejst , Krustrup Peter 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThe present study investigates the well‐being effects for 10‐ to 12‐year‐old children who participated in the school‐based intervention “11 for Health in Denmark,” which comprises physical activity (PA) and health education. Subgroup analyses were carried out for boys and girls.MethodThree thousand sixty‐one children were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG) or a control group (CG) by 5:1 cluster randomization by school. 2533 children (mean age 11.5 ± 0.4; 49.7% boys) were assigned to IG and 528 children (mean age 11.4 ± 0.5; 50.8% boys) were assigned to CG. IG participated in the “11 for Health in Denmark” 11‐week program, consisting of 2 × 45 min per week of football drills, small‐sided games, and health education. CG did not participate in any intervention and continued with their regular education. Before and after the intervention period, both groups answered a shortened version of the multidimensional well‐being questionnaire KIDSCREEN‐27.ResultsThe “11 for Health in Denmark” intervention program had a positive effect on physical well‐being in girls (IG: 48.6 ± 8.5 to 50.2 ± 9.3), whereas the improvement was not significant in boys. The program also had a positive impact on well‐being scores for peers and social support (IG: 50.2 ± 10.2 to 50.8 ± 10.1), though when analyzed separately in the subgroups of boys and girls the changes were not significant. No between‐group differences were found for psychological well‐being or school environment.ConclusionThe intervention program had a positive between‐group effect on physical well‐being in girls, whereas the change was not significant in boys. The overall scores for peers and social support improved during the intervention period, but no subgroup differences were found.
Invitro phagocytosis of liquid‐stored red blood cells requires serum and can be inhibited with fucoidan and dextran sulphate
Authors: Hult Andreas , Toss Fredrik , Malm Christer , Oldenborg Per‐Arne 
Published: April 2020

Background and ObjectivesRed‐blood‐cells (RBCs) undergo structural and metabolic changes with prolonged storage, which ultimately may decrease their survival after transfusion. Although the storage‐induced damage to RBCs has been rather well described biochemically, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the recognition and rapid clearance of the damaged cells by macrophages.Materials and MethodsWe, here, used a murine model for cold (+4°C) RBC storage and transfusion. Phagocytosis of human or murine RBCs, liquid stored for 6‐8 weeks or 10–14 days, respectively, was investigated in murine peritoneal macrophages.ResultsThe effects of storage on murine RBCs resembled that described for stored human RBCs with regard to decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, accumulation of microparticles (MPs) during storage, and RBC recovery kinetics after transfusion. Under serum‐free conditions, phagocytosis of stored human or murine RBCs in vitro was reduced by 70–75%, as compared with that in the presence of heat‐inactivated fetal calf serum (FCS). Human serum promoted phagocytosis of stored human RBCs similar to that seen with FCS. By adding fucoidan or dextran sulphate (blockers of scavenger receptors class A (SR‐A)), phagocytosis of human or murine RBCs was reduced by more than 90%. Phagocytosis of stored human RBCs was also sensitive to inhibition by the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase‐inhibitor LY294002, the ERK1/2‐inhibitor PD98059, or the p38 MAPK‐inhibitor SB203580.ConclusionRBCs damaged during liquid storage may be recognized by macrophage SR‐A and serum‐dependent mechanisms. This species‐independent recognition mechanism may help to further understand the rapid clearance of stored RBCs shortly after transfusion.
Dynamic Analysis of a Stochastic Predator–Prey Model With Crowley–Martin Functional Response, Disease in Predator, and Saturation Incidence
Authors: Xu Conghui , Yu Yongguang , Ren Guojian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This work aims to study some dynamical properties of a stochastic predator–prey model, which is considered under the combination of Crowley–Martin functional response, disease in predator, and saturation incidence. First, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of positive solution of the concerned stochastic model. Second, we prove that the solution is stochastically ultimate bounded. Then, we investigate the extinction and the long-time behavior of the solution. Furthermore, we establish some conditions for the global attractivity of the model. Finally, we propose some numerical simulations to illustrate our main results.
<p class="Body"><strong>Five new species of <em>Pavania</em> (Acari: Heterostigmata: Dolichocybidae) phoretic on scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from French Guiana and Malaysia</strong></p>
Authors: Khaustov Alexander A. , Frolov Andrey V. 
Published: April 2020

Five new species of Pavania Lombardini (Acari: Heterostigmata: Dolichocybidae) associated with scarabaeine beetles are described: P. brevicaudata sp. nov., on Canthon vulcanoae in French Guiana; P. semireducta sp. nov., on Canthon quadriguttatus in French Guiana; P. pusilla sp. nov., on Canthon bicolor in French Guiana; P. hansreiaphila sp. nov., on Hansreia affinis in French Guiana; and P. copridis sp. nov., on Copris agnus in Borneo, Malaysia. A key to world species of Pavania is provided. The family Dolichocybidae is reported from French Guiana and Malaysia for the first time.
Step-Counting Validity of Wrist-Worn Activity Monitors During Activities With Fixed Upper Extremities
Authors: Lynn Rebekah , Pfitzer Rebekah , Rogers Rebecca R. , Ballmann Christopher G. , Williams Tyler D. , Marshall Mallory R. 
Published: April 2020

Little is known about validity of wrist-worn physical activity monitors during activities when an arm-swing is not present. The purpose of this study was to compare the step-counting validity of wrist-worn activity monitors (Fitbit Charge HR Series 2, ActiGraph GT9X Link, Apple Watch Series 4) during functional physical activities with fixed upper extremities. Tasks included treadmill walking at 3 mph and five free-living tasks (walking with a baby doll on the left hip and the right hip, holding groceries, and pushing a stroller while walking and while jogging). Device step counts were compared to hand-counted steps from GoPro video footage. Fitbit Charge had less error when compared to the left ActiGraph in both stroller walking and jogging, treadmill walking, and grocery walking tasks (p < .001 to .020). For grocery walking, walking with a baby on the right, and walking with a baby on the left, device percentage errors ranged from 0 (0.5%) to −7.6 (15.8%). For stroller jogging, stroller walking, and treadmill walking, device percentage errors ranged from −8.3 (7.3%) to −94.3 (17.9%). Tasks with the hands fixed to an item that also had contact with the floor (stroller and treadmill) had more error than when participants held an item that was not in contact with the floor (doll and groceries). Though wrist-worn, consumer-grade step-counting devices typically undercount steps in general, consumers should be aware that their devices may particularly undercount steps during activities with the hands fixed. This may be especially true with items in contact with the floor.
Enhancing Fundamental Movement Skills: Understanding Student Voices
Authors: O’Sullivan Cathal Óg , Parker Melissa , Comyns Tom , Ralph Annmarie 
Published: April 2020

Purpose: Framed in self-determination theory, the aim of this study was to explore students’ perceptions of learning in a fundamental movement skills (FMS)-focused physical education program that incorporated student voice.Methods: Participants included 13 females attending a designated disadvantaged post primary school (13–14 years old). Qualitative data consisted of pre- and postfocus group interviews, participant drawings, and researcher reflections. Quantitative data included a pre- and postanalysis of five FMS (running, catching, throwing, kicking, and vertical jump).Results: Analysis of the qualitative data resulted in four overarching themes: learning new skills, presumptions, importance of peer learning, and FMS proficiency leading to improved participation. Analysis of quantitative data illustrated statistically significant improvement in mean score for kicking, running (p ≤ .001), throwing, vertical jump, and catch (p ≤ .05).Discussion/Conclusion: This study advocates for the incorporation of student voice to enhance autonomy, relatedness, and competence when creating a program aimed at developing adolescents’ FMS.
Term complications and subsequent risk of preterm birth: registry based study
Authors: Kvalvik Liv G , Wilcox Allen J , Skjærven Rolv , Østbye Truls , Harmon Quaker E 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore conditions and outcomes of a first delivery at term that might predict later preterm birth.DesignPopulation based, prospective register based study.SettingMedical Birth Registry of Norway, 1999-2015.Participants302 192 women giving birth (live or stillbirth) to a second singleton child between 1999 and 2015.Main outcome measuresMain outcome was the relative risk of preterm delivery (<37 gestational weeks) in the birth after a term first birth with pregnancy complications: pre-eclampsia, placental abruption, stillbirth, neonatal death, and small for gestational age.ResultsWomen with any of the five complications at term showed a substantially increased risk of preterm delivery in the next pregnancy. The absolute risks for preterm delivery in a second pregnancy were 3.1% with none of the five term complications (8202/265 043), 6.1% after term pre-eclampsia (688/11 225), 7.3% after term placental abruption (41/562), 13.1% after term stillbirth (72/551), 10.0% after term neonatal death (22/219), and 6.7% after term small for gestational age (463/6939). The unadjusted relative risk for preterm birth after term pre-eclampsia was 2.0 (95% confidence interval 1.8 to 2.1), after term placental abruption was 2.3 (1.7 to 3.1), after term stillbirth was 4.2 (3.4 to 5.2), after term neonatal death was 3.2 (2.2 to 4.8), and after term small for gestational age was 2.2 (2.0 to 2.4). On average, the risk of preterm birth was increased 2.0-fold (1.9-fold to 2.1-fold) with one term complication in the first pregnancy, and 3.5-fold (2.9-fold to 4.2-fold) with two or more complications. The associations persisted after excluding recurrence of the specific complication in the second pregnancy. These links between term complications and preterm delivery were also seen in the reverse direction: preterm birth in the first pregnancy predicted complications in second pregnancies delivered at term.ConclusionsPre-eclampsia, placental abruption, stillbirth, neonatal death, or small for gestational age experienced in a first term pregnancy are associated with a substantially increased risk of subsequent preterm delivery. Term complications seem to share important underlying causes with preterm delivery that persist from pregnancy to pregnancy, perhaps related to a mother’s predisposition to disorders of placental function.
Association between industry payments for opioid products and physicians’ prescription of opioids: observational study with propensity-score matching
Authors: Inoue Kosuke , Figueroa Jose F , Orav E John , Tsugawa Yusuke 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundIndustry marketing to physicians for opioids has received substantial attention as it can potentially influence physicians’ prescription of opioids. However, robust evidence demonstrating a causal link between industry payments for opioids and physicians’ prescription practice for opioids is lacking.MethodsUsing the national databases of physicians treating Medicare beneficiaries, we examined the association between physicians’ receipt of opioid-related industry payments in 2016 and (1) the number of opioids prescribed and (2) the annual expenditures for the opioid products by those physicians in 2017, using propensity-score matching in a 1:1 ratio adjusting for the physician characteristics (sex, years in practice, medical school attended, specialty), the number of opioid prescriptions in 2016, and physicians’ financial relationships with industry in 2015. We compared matched pairs of physicians using the estimated effect and paired t-test.ResultsAmong 43 778 physicians included after propensity-score matching, physicians who received opioid-related industry payments in 2016 prescribed more opioids (153.8 vs 129.7; adjusted difference (95% CI), 24.1 (19.1 to 29.1)) and accounted for more spending due to opioids ($10 476 vs $6983; adjusted difference (95% CI), $3493 (2854 to 4134)) in 2017, compared with physicians who did not receive payments. The association was larger among primary care physicians than surgeons or specialists. The dose–response analysis revealed that even a small amount of industry payments was sufficient to effectively affect physicians’ prescription practice of opioids.ConclusionsOpioid-related industry payments to physicians in the prior year were associated with a higher number of opioid prescriptions and expenditures for opioid products in the subsequent year.
Transoral vertebroplasty for the C1 lateral mass
Authors: Clarençon Frédéric , Shotar Eimad , Cormier Evelyne , Premat Kevin , Drir Mehdi , Lahlou Ghizlene , Morel Veronique , Spano Jean-Philippe , Bonaccorsi Raphaël , Di Maria Federico , Hervochon Rémi , Pascal-Mousselard Hugues , Chiras Jacques 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundOsteolytic lesions of the atlas (C1) are challenging to treat by vertebroplasty due to the vicinity of the vertebral artery and the spinal cord.ObjectiveTo present our experience with transoral vertebroplasty (TOV) for osteolytic lesions of the lateral mass of the atlas.MethodsRetrospective case series involving 15 consecutive patients (nine male, six female, mean age 63 years) who underwent TOV for the treatment of an osteolytic lesion of the lateral mass of the atlas. Among the osteolytic lesions, 10/15 (67%) were bone metastases from various cancers; 4/15 (27%) were lesions related to multiple myeloma; and one lesion (7%) was an aggressive hemangioma. All the TOVs were performed under general anesthesia and in most cases (10/15; 67%) in a hybrid angiosuite combining a C-arm flat panel and a CT scan. The remaining five patients were treated under biplane fluoroscopic guidance.ResultsVertebroplasty of the lateral mass of C1 through a transoral route was feasible in all cases. Significant pain relief was obtained in most cases (1 month average decrease in Numeric Rating Scale: 4.9±4.1). No major complication was recorded. In 7/15 cases (47%), cement leakage surrounding the C1 lateral mass was seen; none of these leakages had a significant clinical consequence. No additional spine surgery was required in any of the patients.ConclusionTOV of osteolytic lesions of the lateral mass of the atlas is feasible and seems safe and effective, providing pain relief and bone stabilization.