bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photometry of Particles Ejected From Active Asteroid (101955) Bennu
Authors: Hergenrother C. W. , Maleszewski C. , Li J.‐Y. , Pajola M. , Chesley S. R. , French A. S. , Davis A. B. , Pelgrift J. Y. , Leonard J. M. , Shelly F. , Liounis A. J. , Becker K. , Balram‐Knutson S. S. , Garcia R. , Kareta T. R. , Adam C. , Alkiek K. , Bos B. J. , Brozović M. , Burke K. N. , Christensen E. , Clark B. E. , DellaGiustina D. N. , Drouet d'Aubigny C. , Farnocchia D. , Howell E. S. , Jacobson R. A. , Kidd J. N. , Lessac‐Chenen E. J. , Melikyan R. , Nolan M. C. , Park R. S. , Selznick S. , Rizk B. , Lauretta D. S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNear‐Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu is an active asteroid experiencing mass loss in the form of ejection events emitting up to hundreds of millimeter‐ to centimeter‐scale particles. The close proximity of the Origins, Spectral Interpretations, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer spacecraft enabled monitoring of particles for a 10‐month period encompassing Bennu's perihelion and aphelion. We found 18 multiparticle ejection events, with masses ranging from near zero to hundreds of grams (or thousands with uncertainties) and translational kinetic energies ranging from near zero to tens of millijoules (or hundreds with uncertainties). We estimate that Bennu ejects ~104 g per orbit. The largest event took place on 6 January 2019 and consisted of ~200 particles. The observed mass and translational kinetic energy of the event were between 459 and 528 g and 62 and 77 mJ, respectively. Hundreds of particles not associated with the multiparticle ejections were also observed. Photometry of the best‐observed particles, measured at phase angles between ~70° and 120°, was used to derive a linear phase coefficient of 0.013 ± 0.005 magnitudes per degree of phase angle. Ground‐based data back to 1999 show no evidence of past activity for Bennu; however, the currently observed activity is orders of magnitude lower than observed at other active asteroids and too low be observed remotely. There appears to be a gentle decrease in activity with distance from the Sun, suggestive of ejection processes such as meteoroid impacts and thermal fracturing, although observational bias may be a factor.
Current and projected future economic burden of Parkinson’s disease in the U.S.
Authors: Yang Wenya , Hamilton Jamie L. , Kopil Catherine , Beck James C. , Tanner Caroline M. , Albin Roger L. , Ray Dorsey E. , Dahodwala Nabila , Cintina Inna , Hogan Paul , Thompson Ted 
Published: July 2020

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the world’s fastest growing neurological disorders. Much is unknown about PD-associated economic burdens in the United States (U.S.) and other high-income nations. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the economic burdens of PD in the U.S. (2017) and projections for the next two decades. Multiple data sources were used to estimate the costs of PD, including public and private administrative claims data, Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, and a primary survey (n = 4,548) designed for this study. We estimated a U.S. prevalence of approximately one million individuals with diagnosed Parkinson’s disease in 2017 and a total economic burden of $51.9 billion. The total burden of PD includes direct medical costs of $25.4 billion and $26.5 billion in indirect and non-medical costs, including an indirect cost of $14.2 billion (PWP and caregiver burden combined), non-medical costs of $7.5 billion, and $4.8 billion due to disability income received by PWPs. The Medicare program bears the largest share of excess medical costs, as most PD patients are over age 65. Projected PD prevalence will be more than 1.6 million with projected total economic burden surpassing $79 billion by 2037. The economic burden of PD was previously underestimated. Our findings underscore the substantial burden of PD to society, payers, patients, and caregivers. Interventions to reduce PD incidence, delay disease progression, and alleviate symptom burden may reduce the future economic burden of PD.
Adenovirus delivery of encoded monoclonal antibody protects against different types of influenza virus infection
Authors: Wang Xiang , Zhou Ping , Wu Mangteng , Yang Kaiyan , Guo Jingao , Wang Xuchen , Li Jun , Fang Zihao , Wang Guiqin , Xing Man , Zhou Dongming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDue to the high mutation and recombination rates of the influenza virus, current clinically licensed influenza vaccines and anti-influenza drugs provide limited protection against the emerging influenza virus epidemic. Therefore, universal influenza vaccines with high efficacy are urgently needed to ensure human safety and health. Passive immunization of influenza broadly neutralizing antibodies may become an ideal option for controlling influenza infection. CR9114 isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors is a broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody that targets different types of influenza viruses. As the adenovirus vector is one of the most promising delivery vehicles, we employed the chimpanzee adenoviral vector, AdC68, to express CR9114 as a universal anti-influenza vaccine, termed AdC68-CR9114, and evaluated its antibody expression and its broad spectrum of prophylactic and therapeutic effects in animal models. Based on our findings, AdC68-CR9114-infected cell expressed the broadly neutralizing antibody at a high level in vitro and in vivo, exhibited biological functions, and protected mice from different types of influenza virus infection at different time points. The findings from this study shed light on a new strategy for controlling and preventing influenza infection.
Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of significant neonatal jaundice in Taiwan from 2000–2003: a nationwide, population-based cohort study
Authors: Tsao Pei-Chen , Yeh Hsin-Ling , Shiau Yu-Shih , Chang Yen-Chen , Chiang Szu-Hui , Soong Wen-Jue , Jeng Mei-Jy , Hsiao Kwang-Jen , Chiang Po-Huang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNewborns with significant neonatal jaundice (SNJ) would admit for evaluation and/or intervention due to an earlier or more rapid increase in bilirubin level. Bilirubin-induced neurological dysfunction in this population might be underestimated. We aimed to investigate the risk of long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae of SNJ in Taiwan. An SNJ 2000–2003 follow-up cohort consisting of 66,983 neonates was extracted from the nationwide, population-based health insurance database in Taiwan to survey the accumulative incidence of long-term (7-year) neurodevelopmental sequelae in comparison to a reference general-population neonate cohort of 12,579 individuals born in 2000. The SNJ follow-up cohort was furtherly categorized into subgroups according to interventions (phototherapy, intensive phototherapy, and exchange transfusion). The SNJ follow-up cohort exhibited significantly higher cumulative rates of long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae than did the reference cohort (P < 0.05). The risks of infantile cerebral palsy, hearing loss, and developmental delay in the SNJ follow-up cohort were between twice and three times of those in the reference cohort after adjusting for gender, comorbid perinatal disorders and urbanization levels. All intervention subgroups demonstrated higher risks for long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae than the reference cohort (P < 0.05) after adjustment. Patients with SNJ are at risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders during their growth period. A scheduled follow-up protocol of physical and neurodevelopmental assessment during early childhood for these SNJ patients would potentially be helpful for the early detection of and intervention for neurodevelopmental disorders.
Optimal cut-off values for anthropometric measures of obesity in screening for cardiometabolic disorders in adults
Authors: Macek Pawel , Biskup Malgorzata , Terek-Derszniak Malgorzata , Krol Halina , Smok-Kalwat Jolanta , Gozdz Stanislaw , Zak Marek 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExcessive accumulation of body fat (BF) promotes obesity, whilst posing a significant health hazard. There being no agreed, optimal quantifying methods, application of BF variable in clinical practice is not deemed an effective assessment option. The study, involving 4,735 patients (33.6% men), aged 45–64, aimed to identify optimal cut-off values for anthropometric indicators of obesity to evaluate cardiometabolic risk. A minimum P-value approach was applied to calculate the cut-offs for BF%. Threshold values for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height (WHTR) ratio, facilitating optimal differentiation of cardiometabolic risk, were based on BF%, expressed as a binary classifier. The newly estimated cut-off values for predicting cardiometabolic risk, based on BMI, were lower than the referential obesity thresholds, whereas the threshold values of WC, WHR, and WHTR were higher. Apart from dyslipidemia, the odds of cardiometabolic disorders were higher, when the anthropometric indicators under study exceeded the cut-off points in both sexes. The proposed cut-offs proved instrumental in predicting cardiometabolic risk, whilst highlighting diagnostic and clinical potential of BF%, whereas BMI boasted the highest predictive potential. Cardiometabolic risk also proved significantly higher even in the overweight patients.
Bioactivities of Allium longicuspis Regel against anthracnose of mango caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.)
Authors: de Guzman Alvindia Dionisio , Mangoba Mark Anthony Angeles 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present study focused on the effect of Allium longicuspis extracts (ALE) against anthracnose of mango fruit. In vitro tests (mycelial growth and conidial germination) showed that, ALE concentrated from 0.75 to 2.5 g L−1 completely inhibited the growth of Colletotrichum gloesporioides. Cytoplasmic discharge, mycelial and conidial blasts were clearly observed when applied with ALE. The minimum effective concentration (MEC) of ALE at 0.75 g L1 can be applied as protective, curative and simultaneous treatment in mango fruit to inhibit the anthracnose infection. Efficacy of garlic extract was relatively superior to synthetic fungicide based on protective, curative and simultaneous treatments. Twenty chemical components were detected in ALE based on GCMS analysis (Table 1). The six major components were the following: oleyl alcohol, methyl ether (42.04%), γ-sitosterol (15.85%), , 24-norursa-3.12-diene (5.62%), 1-octadecanol methyl ether (4.23%), n-pentadecanol (3.95%) and 2-vinyl-4h-1 3-dithiine (3.76%). The findings support the potential use of ALE as an alternative to synthetic fungicide.
Combining host-derived biomarkers with patient characteristics improves signature performance in predicting tuberculosis treatment outcomes
Authors: Sivakumaran Dhanasekaran , Jenum Synne , Vaz Mario , Selvam Sumithra , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. , Haks Marielle C. , Malherbe Stephanus T. , Doherty T. Mark , Ritz Christian , Grewal Harleen M. S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is a global health concern. Treatment is prolonged, and patients on anti-TB therapy (ATT) often experience treatment failure for various reasons. There is an urgent need to identify signatures for early detection of failure and initiation of a treatment switch.We investigated how gene biomarkers and/or basic patient characteristics could be used to define signatures for treatment outcomes in Indian adult pulmonary-TB patients treated with standard ATT. Using blood samples at baseline, a 12-gene signature combined with information on gender, previously-diagnosed TB, severe thinness, smoking and alcohol consumption was highly predictive of treatment failure at 6 months. Likewise a 4-protein biomarker signature combined with the same patient characteristics was almost as highly predictive of treatment failure. Combining biomarkers and basic patient characteristics may be useful for predicting and hence identification of treatment failure at an early stage of TB therapy.
Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Pflege: Wie wirkt sich Erwerbstätigkeit auf die Gesundheit pflegender Angehöriger aus?
Authors: Bidenko Katharina , Bohnet-Joschko Sabine 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Die Studie untersucht, inwieweit die Gesundheitsauswirkungen der informellen Pflege durch den kontextuellen Faktor Erwerbstätigkeit beeinflusst werden.
Methodik Die Analyse basiert auf repräsentativen Bevölkerungsdaten aus den Jahren 2015 und 2016 (n=19 791). Als Untersuchungsgruppe „pflegende Angehörige“ definiert werden Personen, die mindestens eine Stunde pro Woche eine pflegebedürftige Person informell unterstützen, betreuen oder versorgen. Durch Anwendung von Propensity Score Matching wird eine strukturangepasste Vergleichsgruppe identifiziert. Anhand eines multivariaten Regressionsmodells werden Zusammenhänge in der Gruppe der pflegenden Angehörigen und der strukturangepassten Vergleichsgruppe analysiert. Für eine grafische Darstellung werden Untergruppen zum zeitlichen Einsatz im Hinblick auf Angehörigenpflege und Erwerbstätigkeit gebildet.
Ergebnisse Die psychische Gesundheit pflegender Angehöriger verschlechtert sich mit zunehmendem Aufwand für die Betreuung (B=-0,44; p=0,02). Die negativen gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen der Angehörigenbetreuung werden durch die Erwerbstätigkeit verringert (B=0,58; p<0,01), allerdings nur bis zum einem bestimmten zeitlichen Arbeitseinsatz. Bei einem höheren zeitlichen Aufwand für beide Tätigkeiten nimmt der moderierende Effekt ab (bis zu 32% der Standardabweichung).
Schlussfolgerungen Der signifikante moderierende Effekt der Erwerbstätigkeit ist in der Wirkung maßgeblich durch die Gesamtbelastung aus den beiden Tätigkeitsbereichen geprägt. Die Ergebnisse vermitteln einen Eindruck von der potentiell stärkenden und schützenden Wirkung von Erwerbstätigkeit auf die gesundheitlich negativen Auswirkungen der Angehörigenbetreuung.
Dementia Worry and Neuropsychological Performance in Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Caughie Cali , Bean Phoebe , Tiede Paul , Cobb Joshua , McFarland Craig , Hall Stuart 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
Dementia is one of the most feared diseases in American society. However, limited research exists regarding how worrying about dementia may influence peoples’ cognitive abilities. The current study examines how dementia worry affects performance on neuropsychological domains of executive function, memory, attention, and processing speed in a healthy older adult population.

Method
Participants (n = 40) were screened for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8, scores &gt; 10 were excluded) and for mild cognitive impairment using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS, scores &lt; 32 were excluded). All participants were administered common neuropsychological tests of executive function, memory, attention, and processing speed. Participants were also asked to complete the Dementia Worry Scale (DWS), a measure assessing the level of dementia worry individuals experience in daily life.

Results
A multivariate effect of dementia worry on neuropsychological measures of executive function was supported. Specifically, higher levels of dementia worry were significantly related to poorer performance on combined measures of executive function (Wilk’s Lambda = 0.821, F (2, 36) = 3.934, p = .028).

Conclusions
Dementia worry significantly affects scores on specific neuropsychological measures. Inasmuch, dementia worry may have both functional implications for older adults, as well as assessment implications for practicing neuropsychologists. Further research is necessary to parse apart whether dementia worry represents a psychological variable affecting cognitive performance and/or serves as an early marker of cognitive decline.
A case report of primary cardiac fibroma: an effective approach for diagnosis and therapy of a pathologically benign tumour with an unfavourable prognosis
Authors: Kimura Akihisa , Kanzaki Hideaki , Izumi Chisato 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Primary cardiac fibroma is exceedingly rare. This condition involves a significant risk of life-threatening arrhythmias during follow-up and its prognosis is not as favourable as other benign tumours. We report a case of cardiac fibroma that was preoperatively diagnosed with echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging. This fibroma was excised early as a preventative measure to avoid sudden death.

Case summary
A 46-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a 1-year history of chest tightness at rest. Echocardiography showed a large, isoechoic, well-circumscribed mass within the left ventricular myocardium with calcified tissue. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an intramural ventricular mass with iso signal intensity on T1-weighted imaging and low-signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging. There was no enhancement on first-pass perfusion imaging and homogeneous hyperenhancement on late gadolinium enhancement imaging. These features suggested a diagnosis of cardiac fibroma. Complete resection was performed to avoid sudden death and pathological analysis confirmed the tumour as cardiac fibroma. The patient was discharged 9 days after surgery and remains disease-free 5 months after surgery.

Discussion
Cardiac fibroma is a pathologically benign tumour with an unfavourable prognosis because of lethal arrhythmias, which can be controlled by its resection. Thus, it is important to preoperatively distinguish cardiac fibroma from other benign tumours, in order to prioritize surgical intervention for those with cardiac fibromas. Preoperative diagnosis with echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging and early preventative surgery are the keys to improve prognosis of patients with cardiac fibromas.
Clinical informatics subspecialists: characterizing a novel evolving workforce
Authors: Desai Sheena , Mostaghimi Arash , Nambudiri Vinod E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
The growing complexity of data systems in health care has precipitated increasing demand for clinical informatics subspecialists. The first board certification exam for the clinical informatics subspecialty was offered in 2013. Characterizing trends in this novel workforce is important to inform its development.

Methods
We conducted an exploratory analysis of American Board of Medical Specialties data on individuals certified in clinical informatics from 2013 to 2019 to review trends and demographic characteristics of current subspecialists.

Results
2018 physicians were certified in clinical informatics from 2013 to 2019. The annual number of awarded certifications declined after 2016. The majority of primary certifications held by clinical informaticians were in broad-based medical specialties relative to primarily procedural specialties.

Conclusions
Disparities may exist within the clinical informatics physician workforce with respect to primary specialty certifications and geographic distribution. There remains a need for the creation of fellowship programs to sustain the growth of this workforce.
Brunner’s glands hamartoma with pylorus obstruction: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Bakir Mohammed A , AlYousef Mohammed Y , Alsohaibani Fahad I , Alsaad Khaled O 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Proliferative lesions of the Brunner’s glands are uncommonly encountered lesions of the small intestine, originating from the deeply seated mucosal and submucosal Brunner’s glands, mainly in the duodenum. The vast majorities of these lesions are benign and include Brunner’s glands hyperplasia (adenomas/nodules) and hamartomas. The etiology and pathogenesis of these lesions are not fully understood, and the diagnosis can sometimes be challenging. We report a case of Brunner’s gland hamartoma in a 57-year-old man who presented with chronic dyspepsia, hematemesis and weight loss. Endoscopic and radiological investigations show a submucosal polypoid lesion at the first part of the duodenum. Routine endoscopic biopsies demonstrated normal duodenal mucosa. The lesion considered endoscopically unresectable and was surgically resected. Frozen section examination and intraoperative consultation showed unremarkable duodenal mucosa and histologically bland Brunner’s glands.
Introduction
Authors: Rothblum Esther D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Oxford Handbook of Sexual and Gender Minority Mental Health provides an overview of the current research on the mental health of sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations. It is aimed at researchers conducting studies on the mental health of SGM populations, clinicians and researchers interested in psychiatric disorders that affect SGM populations, clinicians using evidence-based practice in the treatment of SGM patients/clients, students in mental health programs (clinical psychology, psychiatry, clinical social work, and psychiatric nursing), and policymakers. This chapter defines some terms and provides an overview of current and past SGM research methods.
Drug Use among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations
Authors: Starks Tyrel J. , Cabral Cynthia M. , Talan Ali J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Based on current epidemiological data, sexual and gender minorities present with significantly higher rates of drug use disorders compared with their heterosexual or cisgender counterparts. Using minority stress theory and syndemics theory, the current chapter discusses prevalence rates, psychosocial correlates, and health comorbidities observed in research among men who have sex with men, women who have sex with women, and transgender populations. The authors also highlight how HIV transmission risk has fueled much of the research on drug use disorders with sexual and gender minorities, resulting in a paucity of research on drug use in lesbian and bisexual women and transgender men, as well as other areas for further study.
Sexual and Gender Minority Mental Health among Children and Youth
Authors: Fish Jessica N. , Baams Laura , McGuire Jenifer K. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) young people are coming of age at a time of dynamic social and political changes with regard to LGBTQ rights and visibility around the world. And yet, contemporary cohorts of SGM youth continue to evidence the same degree of compromised mental health demonstrated by SGM youth of past decades. The authors review the current research on SGM youth mental health, with careful attention to the developmental and contextual characteristics that complicate, support, and thwart mental health for SGM young people. Given a large and rapidly growing body of science in this area, the authors strategically review research that reflects the prevalence of these issues in countries around the world but also concentrate on how mental health concerns among SGM children and youth are shaped by experiences with schools, families, and communities. Promising mental health treatment strategies for this population are reviewed. The chapter ends with a focus on understudied areas in the SGM youth mental health literature, which may offer promising solutions to combat SGM population health disparities and promote mental health among SGM young people during adolescence and as they age across the life course.