bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive biases and decision-making strategies in times of change: a systematic literature review
Authors: Acciarini Chiara , Brunetta Federica , Boccardelli Paolo 
Published: May 2020

PurposeIn a work environment marked by unprecedented complexity, volatility and ambiguity, managers must accomplish their objectives while navigating many challenges. This paper aims to investigate potential interrelations among environmental transformations, cognitive biases and strategic decisions. In particular, the purpose of the study is to crystallize the state of art on the impact of cognitive biases on strategic decisions, in the context of environmental transformations.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have conducted a systematic literature review to identify existing relevant work on this topic and to detect potential avenues for future research.FindingsThe findings highlight how decision-making is influenced and enabled by internal (e.g. perception) and external factors (e.g. digitalization). Specifically, the strategic role of cognitive biases appears to be crucial when investigating the related impact on strategic decisions in times of environmental transformation.Practical implicationsImplications are drawn for scholars and practitioners interested in evaluating the role of specific decision-making determinants for the formation and implementation of strategic decisions. In this sense, we stress that decision-makers need to manage their cognitive biases and select the right information out of a wide data set in order to adapt to environmental transformations.Originality/valueBy systematizing the literature review, potential interrelations among environmental transformations, cognitive biases and strategic decisions are identified. Furthermore, the primary phases that drive the decision-making process are proposed (analysis, decision, onboarding and control).
Social media and consumer buying behavior decision: what entrepreneurs should know?
Authors: Palalic Ramo , Ramadani Veland , Mariam Gilani Syedda , Gërguri-Rashiti Shqipe , Dana Leo–Paul 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the impacts of social media on the Pakistani consumers' buying behavior, which could be reflected in either complex buying, variety seeking, dissonance reducing or habitual buying. Entrepreneurs need to know how their loyal and prospective customers feel, think and how do they decide on purchasing certain products and services.Design/methodology/approachThe self-administered online questionnaire is used to collect feedback from consumers in order to analyze the data and come up with the findings. A sample size of 396 respondents was used to analyze and find a relationship between social media and consumer buying behavior.FindingsSocial media is found to have a partially significant impact on Pakistani consumers' buying behavior; word of mouth and content credibility are the two factors that influence Pakistani consumers' buying behavior. Pakistani consumers, below the age of 40, possess more complex buying behavior, which alerts entrepreneurs to consider it for their future marketing strategies.Practical implicationsEntrepreneurs should make an effort to be differentiated from others while keeping customers aware of the products they provide. In addition, customers should not spend too much time when comparing brands; rather, businesses should make it more captive.Originality/valueThis paper provides different results in comparison to the previous studies, in terms of the factors influencing consumers' buying behavior.
Computational study on MHD power-law fluid in tilted enclosure having sinusoidal heated sidewall
Authors: Poonia Minakshi 
Published: May 2020

PurposeIn the present computational study, the heat transfer and two-dimensional natural convection flow of non-Newtonian power-law fluid in a tilted rectangular enclosure is examined. The left wall of enclosure is subjected to spatially varying sinusoidal temperature distribution and right wall is cooled isothermally while the upper and lower walls are retained to be adiabatic. The flow is considered to be laminar, steady and incompressible under the influence of magnetic field. The governing mass, momentum and energy equations are transformed into dimensionless form in terms of stream function, vorticity and temperature.Design/methodology/approachThen resulted highly non-linear partial differential equations are solved computationally using Galerkin finite element method.FindingsThe exhaustive flow pattern and temperature fields are displayed through streamlines and isotherm contours for various parameters, namely, Prandtl number, Rayleigh number, Hartmann number by considering different power-law index and inclination angle. The effect of inclination angle on average Nusselt number is also shown graphically. This problem observes the potential vortex flow with elliptical core. The results show that the circular strength of the vortex formed reduces as the magnetic field strength grows. As the inclination angle increases the intensity of flow field decreases while the value of average Nusselt number increases.Originality/valueThis study has important applications in thermal management such as cooling techniques used in buildings, nuclear reactors, heat exchangers and power generators.
American security strategy towards terrorism after September 11 attacks
Authors: Farag Wael Zakaria 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine evolution of the American strategy toward terrorism in the aftermath of the events of September 11, 2001. In other words, this study revolves around a key question: How and why the American security strategy toward terrorism evolved in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks in 2001? Based on the neorealist approach in international relations, this paper attempted to answer that question: first, through defining the concept of terrorism and how the Americans perceive it; second, via pinpointing the characteristic of the American counter-terrorism strategy before September 11 attacks; and third, through examining the effects of those terrorist attacks on that strategy.

Design/methodology/approach
The nature of the subject of this study calls for reliance on the analytical descriptive approach to highlight the role and strategy of the USA in the fight against terrorism following the events of September 11, in addition to the use of the system analysis methodology, which can identify the inputs and outputs of the system that had an impact in formulating the US counter-terrorism strategy.

Findings
This study has come up with seven findings. The first finding was that the 9/11 attacks served as a turning point of the US counter-terrorism strategy and restructured its agenda. Confronting the communist threat had been its primary objective, until terrorism came to the fore and became its first and foremost priority. The USA vowed that terrorism is its enemy and waged the war on terror to thwart its risk as a global threat. The second finding revolves around the idea of double standards in the American foreign policy. True to its long-standing tradition of favoring its own interests, in complete disregard of the interests of any other party, the USA continued to uphold the double-standards policy.

Originality/value
This study adds a new study to the Arab Library in the field of counter-terrorism studies, national security strategies and American foreign policy. In addition, the researcher seeks to complete the scientific effort to study the US strategy against terrorism, with a clear impact on the development of the situation in the region. This study contributes to the study of how one of the great powers in the international system, the USA, deals with the terrorist organizations that have become widespread in the Arab region.
Social media advertising efficiency on higher education programs
Authors: Cordero-Gutiérrez Rebeca , Lahuerta-Otero Eva 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the different results and the level of success obtained with advertising campaigns developed on Facebook to promote postgraduate programs to create awareness and engagement.Design/methodology/approachThis study combined the data envelopment analysis technique to measure advertising efficiency with multidimensional scaling (MDS) representation, thus offering alternatives for practitioners and organizations on how to evaluate social advertising performance.FindingsInvestments on social paid advertising are an affordable and effective way both to promote postgraduate programs and create engagement with prospective students. Facebook advertisements maximize visibility, which improves social and online positioning and encourages student recruitment.Practical implicationsHigher education institutions can efficiently promote their programs with a minimal social investment contributing to dissemination and engagement. Compared to other forms of traditional or digital advertising, social media ads can be efficient and affordable with wider segmentation and targeting options. Moreover, results are immediate and measurable and campaigns can be instantly modified to better suit the audience’s requirements.Originality/valueThis study is unique as it offers a new, alternative way of measuring efficiency, in addition to the classic ratios of payment models in digital advertising that combine clicks and impressions, on a sector where there are few empirical studies. Moreover, it can be easily applied to many other sectors in public and private organizations.
Donepezil down‐regulates propionylation, 2‐hydroxyisobutyrylation, butyrylation, succinylation, and crotonylation in the brain of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion‐induced vascular dementia rats
Authors: Wang Hongyan , Lu Jun , Gao Wen‐Cong , Ma Xin , Li Na , Ding Zhituan , Wu Chunmei , Zhu Maoceng , Qiao Guanrong , Xiao Chuang , Zhang Changhong , Chen Chen , Weng Zhiying , Yang Weimin , Zheng Chang‐Bo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVascular dementia (VaD), caused by stroke or small vessel disease, is the second‐most common type of dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD). Donepezil is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is currently used in patients with mild to moderate AD, and has recently been shown to improve cognitive performance in patients with VaD. In this study, we evaluated the effects of donepezil on VaD, and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms of action. VaD was established by ligation of the bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). Executive function was tested by the Morris water maze (MWM) test and the attentional set shifting task (ASST). Our results showed that donepezil improved executive dysfunction and cognitive flexibility in BCCAO rats. In addition, we showed that donepezil treatment decreased the level of Aβ1‐42 in BCCAO rats by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Post‐translational modifications (PTMs) are known to be critical mechanisms in the regulation of various cellular processes. Furthermore, PTMs have been linked to the central nervous system, which highlights the importance of PTMs in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we used western blot analysis to identify several novel PTMs in the hippocampus of BCCAO rats that were treated with or without donepezil. The data revealed that lysine propionylation, 2‐hydroxyisobutyrylation, butyrylation, succinylation, and crotonylation were elevated in the hippocampus of BCCAO rats when compared to sham rats. This increase was abolished by donepezil treatment. Taken together, we speculate that donepezil treatment improves cognitive function in our animal model of VaD, possibly by reducing aberrant acyl‐PTMs.
High Reliability Organization (HRO) systematic literature review: Discovery of culture as a foundational hallmark
Authors: Cantu Jaime , Tolk Janice , Fritts Steve , Gharehyakheh Amin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe term “high reliability organization” (HRO) evolved from research countering the claim by Perrow after the 1979 Three Mile Island nuclear plant incident that “accidents happen,” implying that failures were inevitable. Soon after the publication of Perrow's book researchers began questioning his assertion, by observing that some organizations exhibited significantly higher rates of reliability. In 2001, Weick and Sutcliffe converged on five principles, or hallmarks, which became the de facto characteristics most often cited since. Since 2001, HRO theory spread to non‐high‐risk industries and the amount of published literature has more than doubled, including several literature reviews. This led to the questions, “how has HRO theory evolved since the seminal research, how far has it spread from high risk industries, and what is the focus of HRO research?” Seeking to capture the breadth of spread of HRO as well as the dominant areas of research and practice, a comprehensive literature review was performed to capture the most current state of theory and practice. The results show HRO theory within the published literature has not significantly evolved past the original characteristics and hallmarks. Though the theoretical implications have not changed much the practical implications have grown and spread throughout the critical infrastructure sectors. In conclusion, the research team believes that a culture of reliability is the sixth hallmark that works synergistically with certain foundational organizational characteristics and allows mindfulness, which is the distinctive hallmark of HROs, to thrive and grow. This is the fundamental difference between “reliable” and “highly reliable” operations and differentiates HROs from well‐run organizations that are not HROs.
Sacrocolpopexy compared with transvaginal mesh surgery: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang C‐Y , Sun Z‐J , Yang J , Xu T , Zhu L , Lang J‐H 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe use of mesh is controversial in the treatment of female pelvic organ prolapse.ObjectivesTo systematically review the outcomes of sacrocolpopexy compared with transvaginal mesh surgery and to provide evidence‐based suggestions.Search strategyThe MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched on 21 November 2018.Selection criteriaRandomised controlled trials and prospective and retrospective cohort studies were included.Data collection and analysisData were extracted by one reviewer and examined by a second reviewer for accuracy. Odds ratios and 95% CI were calculated using random‐effects models.Main resultsTwenty comparative studies were included. The meta‐analysis was performed with subgroups. The summary odds ratios of the randomised controlled group were 1.84 (95% CI 0.79–4.29, I2 = 75%) for anatomical success, 1.41 (95% CI 0.47–4.24, I2 = 38%) for subjective success, 0.42 (95% CI 0.18–0.98, I2 = 0%) for mesh complications, 0.61 (95% CI 0.20–1.91, I2 = 0%) for prolapse reoperation and 0.44 (95% CI 0.23–0.88, I2 = 0%) for de novo dyspareunia. The mean differences were 0.77 (95% CI 0.31–1.23, I2 = 66%) for total vaginal length and −1.28 (95% CI −2.00 to −0.55, I2 = 66%) for point C after surgery.ConclusionsVery‐low‐quality evidence indicated that the anatomical and subjective success rates of sacrocolpopexy were similar to those of transvaginal mesh surgery; sacrocolpopexy might be more beneficial than transvaginal mesh surgery in terms of mesh‐related complication rates, prolapse recurrence and de novo dyspareunia. However, additional high‐quality randomised trials with long‐term follow‐up durations are needed.Tweetable abstractSacrocolpopexy is beneficial after surgical anatomical changes and has decreased rates of mesh‐related complications and dyspareunia.
Competition and interaction: Party ties to interest groups in a multidimensional policy space
Authors: ALLERN ELIN HAUGSGJERD , HANSEN VIBEKE WØIEN , MARSHALL DAVID , RASMUSSEN ANNE , WEBB PAUL D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPolitical parties and interest groups play a vital role in incorporating societal interests into democratic decision‐making. Therefore, explaining the nature and variation in the relationship between them will advance our understanding of democratic governance. Existing research has primarily drawn attention to how exchange of resources shapes these relationships largely neglecting the role of contextual conditions. Our contribution is to examine whether parties’ structured interactions with different categories of interest groups vary systematically with the pattern of party competition at the level of policy dimensions. First, we argue that higher party fragmentation in a policy space makes organisational ties to interest groups more likely, due to fears of voter loss and splinter groups. Second, we expect higher polarisation between parties on a policy dimension to make ties to relevant groups less likely due to increased electoral costs. We find support for both expectations when analysing new data on 116 party units in 13 mature democracies along nine different policy dimensions. Our findings underline the value of considering the strategic context in which parties and interest groups interact to understand their relationship. The study sheds new light on parties and interest groups as intermediaries in democracy and contributes to a new research agenda connecting interest group research with studies of parties’ policy positions and responsiveness.
Neighborhood climates of legal cynicism and complaints about abuse of police power†
Authors: McCarthy Bill , Hagan John , Herda Daniel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractResearch findings show that legal cynicism—a cultural frame in which skepticism about laws, the legal system, and police is expressed—is important in understanding neighborhood variation in engagement with the police, particularly in racially isolated African American communities. We argue that legal cynicism is also useful for understanding neighborhood variation in complaints about police misconduct. Using data on complaints filed in Chicago between 2012 and 2014, we show that grievances disproportionately came from racially segregated neighborhoods and that a measure of legal cynicism from the mid‐1990s predicts complaints about abuse of police power two decades later. The association between legal cynicism and complaints is net of prior complaints, reported crime, imprisonment, and other structural factors that contribute to the frequency and nature of interactions involving police and residents. Legal cynicism also mediates the influence of racially isolated neighborhoods on complaints. The mid‐1990s is the approximate midpoint of a half‐century of police scandals in Chicago. Our research findings suggest that contemporary complaints about police misconduct in highly segregated Chicago neighborhoods are grounded in collectively shared historical memories of police malfeasance. They also suggest that persistent complaints about police misconduct may represent officially memorialized expressions of enduring racial protest against police abuse of power.
Patient and clinician views on an app for rheumatoid arthritis disease monitoring: Function, implementation and implications
Authors: Grainger Rebecca , Townsley Hermaleigh Roberta , Ferguson Catherine Anna , Riley Faye Ellen , Langlotz Tobias , Taylor William John 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimBest practice management for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involves regular clinical assessment of RA disease activity. This is not achievable with current rheumatology systems of care. We aimed to use opinions from people with RA and their specialist rheumatology healthcare professionals to inform development of a mobile app for people with RA for recording their disease activity data for potential integration into clinical service, and assess usability of the app.MethodIn phase 1 we interviewed nine people with RA and seven healthcare professionals. In phase 2 we developed an app with professional software developers. In phase 3 we evaluated app usability for people with RA using the System Usability Scale (SUS).ResultsInterview data showed four themes regarding functionality and implementation of a patient‐held app in RA care: (a) variable app acceptance and readiness; (b) app use to reduce barriers; (c) pros and cons of patient‐reported outcomes; and (d) allocation of clinics by need. The app developed has high usability in people with RA using the app on their own device for a month (SUS 79.5, n = 16) or using the app on a study device for 10 minutes (SUS 83, n = 100).ConclusionPeople with RA and healthcare professionals have clearly identified features, benefits and risks of an app for self‐assessment of RA and incorporation into clinical care. An app developed informed by these opinions has high usability. Next steps are development and validation of a method of patient‐performed joint counts, and implementation, with evaluation, in the clinical setting.
The real‐world impact of dosing of methadone and buprenorphine in retention on opioid agonist therapies in Ukraine
Authors: Farnum Scott O. , Makarenko Iuliia , Madden Lynn , Mazhnaya Alyona , Marcus Ruthanne , Prokhorova Tanya , Bojko Martha J. , Rozanova Julia , Dvoriak Sergii , Islam Zahedsul , Altice Frederick L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsUkraine's HIV epidemic remains concentrated among opioid‐dependent people who inject drugs (PWID) where opioid agonist therapies (OAT) like methadone (MMT) and buprenorphine (BMT) maintenance treatments are the most cost‐effective HIV prevention strategies, but remain under‐scaled. This study aimed to measure the association between dose and type of OAT prescribed and treatment retention.DesignObservational longitudinal cohort study.Participants and SettingPatients (n = 15 290) prescribed OAT throughout Ukraine from 2004 through 2016.MeasurementsData were analyzed using time–event strategies to estimate cumulative treatment retention, defined as time to OAT discontinuation. Cumulative retention proportions at 1, 12 and 36 months were assessed for outcomes. Cox regression with log‐rank likelihood assessed independent predictors of treatment discontinuation.FindingsThe proportion prescribed high (MMT: > 85 mg; BMT: ≥ 16 mg), medium (MMT: > 40–85 mg; BMT: > 6–15 mg) and low (MMT: ≤ 40 mg; BMT: ≤ 6 mg) dosages was 25, 43 and 32%, respectively. Retention was significantly higher for BMT than MMT both at 12 (89 versus 75%) and 36 months (80 versus 56%). Although dosing levels for BMT did not influence retention, increasing dosages for MMT were significantly associated with higher retention rates at 1 (90, 96, 99%), 12 (59, 78, 91%) and 36 (34, 59, 79%) months, respectively. Independent predictors associated with 12‐month OAT discontinuation were medium [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 2.23; 95% confidence limit (CL) = 1.95–2.54] and low (aHR = 4.96; 95% CL = 4.37–5.63) OAT dosage relative to high dosage, male sex (aHR = 1.27; 95% CL = 1.14–1.41), MMT relative to BMT prescription (aHR = 1.57; 95% CL = 1.32–1.87) and receiving OAT in general (aHR = 1.22; 95% CL = 1.02–1.46) or tuberculosis (aHR = 1.43; 95% CL = 1.10–1.85) hospitals, relative to specialty addiction treatment and AIDS center settings. Lower dosages contributed more to dropout especially at 1 month (aHR 3.12; 95% CL = 2.21–4.41 and aHR 7.71; 95% CL = 5.51–10.79 for medium and low dosages, respectively). Younger age was significantly associated with OAT discontinuation only at 36 months (aHR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.02–1.15).ConclusionsHigher dosages of opioid agonist therapies, especially for methadone maintenance treatment patients, appear to be associated with higher levels of treatment retention in Ukraine.