bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prior Preterm Birth and Birthweight Below the 5th Percentile are Independent Risk Factors for Recurrence of a Small for Gestational Age Neonate
Authors: Svorai Mor , Aricha Barak , Erez Offer 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective:
This study aimed to determine: (1) whether recurrent deliveries of a small for gestational age (SGA) neonate are associated with increased obstetrical or neonatal complications; (2) whether the risk factors that can predict small for gestational age (SGA) recurrence.

Methods:
This study was based on Soroka Medical Center's Obstetrics electronic database. The database consisted of 109 022 women who had 320 932 deliveries between the year 1988–2014.The study cohort included 6.8% (7 368/109 022) of these patients who gave birth to a singleton SGA neonate on their first delivery and had more than one delivery. The study population was divided into two groups according to the outcome of the subsequent delivery: (1) women with sporadic SGA who delivered a non-SGA neonate (n = 5 416); (2) women with recurrent SGA (n = 1 952). SGA defined as birthweight <10th percentile. Maternal and neonatal complications were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression was used to determine independent risk factors for SGA recurrence.

Results:
The prevalence of birthweight <5th percentile was higher among the recurrent SGA group in the first delivery (P < 0.001). Bedouin ethnicity was more prevalent in the recurrent SGA group (P < 0.001). The rate of preterm delivery was higher in the first delivery of the recurrent SGA group (P = 0.015). The sporadic SGA group had a higher rate of perinatal mortality during the first pregnancy (P = 0.017). The rate of severe hypertension (P = 0.005), polyhydramnios, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, nonreassuring fetal heart rate and total perinatal mortality (P < 0.001) were higher in the second delivery of the recurrent SGA group. In a logistic regression model, preterm delivery and birthweight <5th percentile at the first delivery was found to be independent risk factors for recurrence of an SGA neonate in the subsequent birth (relative risks:1.530, confidence interval: 1.249–1.875; relative risks:1.826, confidence interval: 1.641–2.030, respectively).

Conclusion:
Women with recurrent SGA neonates have specific clinical characteristics. Among women who deliver an SGA neonate, preterm delivery, and birthweight <5th percentile are independent predictors for its recurrence.
Current Practice and Protocols: Endoscopic Laser Therapy for Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome
Authors: Pandya Viral M. , Stirnemann Julien , Colmant Claire , Ville Yves 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The pathophysiology of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is complex, and its understanding has evolved along with the evolution and revolution of fetal diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. Over the last few decades, several therapeutic interventions have been researched for improving the outcomes in TTTS. We present a summary of the current protocols for surveillance, diagnosis, and staging of TTTS in monochorionic pregnancies. We also describe in detail the technique for treatment of TTTS by endoscopic laser photocoagulation.
The Relationship Between the Expression of Resistin and Apoptosis Factors in Placenta and the Pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yu Jun , Su Xiao-Ling , Jia Jing , Zeng Yu , Zhang Jing-Yi , Wang Shao-Shuai , Feng Ling 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective:
To detect the expression of caspase-3, baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat containing 5 (BIRC-5), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), and the concentration of resistin protein in placental of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and normal pregnant women, and to explore its correlation with the pathogenesis of GDM and its significance.

Methods:
This study includes 30 pregnant women who chose cesarean section at Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College during May 2013 to February 2014: 15 GDM patients and 15 normal glucose tolerance patients. The expression of caspase-3, VEGF, HIF, and BIRC-5 in placenta of 15 patients with GDM (GDM group) and 15 normal late pregnancy (control group) was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The concentration of resistin protein in the placenta was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:
Compared with the control group, the expression of caspase-3, HIF, VEGF, resistin in placenta of GDM group increased significantly (P < 0.05); the expression of BIRC-5 in placenta of GDM group decreased significantly (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The expression of caspase-3, BIRC-5, VEGF, HIF, and resistin in placenta of GDM patients and normal pregnant women are significantly different, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of GDM disease.
Ultrasound Screening of Fetal Anomalies at 11–13+6 Weeks
Authors: Ding Wen-Ping , Li Nan , Chen Min 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
During the past decades, early fetal ultrasound and diagnosis have increasingly gained attention in pregnancy care with the development of high-frequency transducers, which make it possible to obtain detailed images of the early fetus and its organs, and thus move part of the anatomy and anomaly scan from the second to the first-trimester. By transabdominal sonography or transvaginal sonography, or a combination of both approaches, it is now able to diagnose a wide variety of fetal abnormalities at 11–13+6 weeks.
Challenges for Obstetricians and the Countermeasures of COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: Zhao Yin , Zou Li , Dong Ming-Hui , Liu Xiao-Xia , Liu Ya-Lan , Zhu Jian-Wen , Luo Qing-Qing , Gao Hui 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, as obstetricians, we also face great challenges. We need to identify pregnant patients with 2019 coronavirus disease infection timely, and give them appropriate treatment in order to obtain a good maternal and infant prognosis. Here, we would like to share a case and provide some suggestions on how to screen, diagnose and treat pregnant women with 2019 coronavirus disease infection during the outbreak.
A Severe Seasonal Influenza Epidemic During 2017–2018 in China After the 2009 Pandemic Influenza: A Modeling Study
Authors: Fu Xiaofang , Zhou Yuqing , Wu Jie , Liu Xiaoxiao , Ding Cheng , Huang Chenyang , Deng Min , Shi Dongyan , Wang Chencheng , Xu Kaijin , Ren Jingjing , Ruan Bing , Li Lanjuan , Yang Shigui 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Influenza viruses continue to cause epidemics worldwide every year. However, due to the lack of an effective assessment for the severity of influenza epidemics, it was extremely difficult to take preventative measures. Data were extracted from infectious diseases reports from 2011–2018. Joinpoint regression model and susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered model were built to understand the characteristics and processes of the epidemic. The reported incidence of influenza was 1,913,698 from January 2011 to February 2018, with an average-yearly-reported-incidence-rate of 19.21 per 100,000. However, there had been a substantial nationwide epidemic of influenza after September 2017, when the average yearly reported incidence rate was 87.29 per 100,000 and an annual percentage change of 48.1%. The hemagglutinin genes of most influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2) viruses from the period of the epidemic had lower homology to those before August 2017. All the hemagglutinin of the recommended A (H3N2, H1N1) and B (Victoria) viruses for vaccines 2017/2018 had low matches with the epidemic viruses. The basic reproduction number was 1.53. The vaccination benefit was linearly related to vaccination coverage, while the quarantine measure had only significantly benefited when over 60% of the quarantined population. The most severe epidemic of influenza in China since 2011 occurred during the period from September 2017 to February 2018. Compared to quarantine, influenza vaccination is more effective way to prevent influenza, and strategies to increase vaccination coverage should be taken for the prevention of severe epidemics of influenza.
Multi-omic Microbiome Profiles in the Female Reproductive Tract in Early Pregnancy
Authors: Jean Sophonie , Huang Bernice , Parikh Hardik I. , Edwards David J. , Brooks J. Paul , Kumar Naren Gajenthra , Sheth Nihar U. , Koparde Vishal , Smirnova Ekaterina , Huzurbazar Snehalata , Girerd Philippe H. , Wijesinghe Dayanjan S. , Strauss Jerome F. , Serrano Myrna G. , Fettweis Jennifer M. , Jefferson Kimberly K. , Buck Gregory A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The vaginal microbiome likely influences host signaling compounds within the reproductive tract, including pro-inflammatory signals, which may play an important role during pregnancy. Vaginal lactobacilli are associated with positive pregnancy outcome, whereas bacterial vaginosis, a dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiome, is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes including preterm birth. If the host response could be predicted based on the taxonomic composition of the vaginal microbiome, particularly early in pregnancy, then those predictions could potentially be used to personalize intervention methods to reduce preterm birth and other adverse events. In this proof of principle study, we apply multivariate strategies to analyze 16S rRNA-based taxonomic surveys in conjunction with targeted immuno-proteomic and lipidomic data from vaginal samples from 58 women enrolled in the Multi-Omic Microbiome Study-Pregnancy Initiative during early pregnancy. Relationships between the vaginal microbiome and the vaginal lipidome have not been previously reported. Results from this study reveal significant multiple pairwise associations between microbial taxa, specific eicosanoids and sphingomyelins, and cytokines. While the biologic significance of these associations is not yet known, these results support the utility of such multi-omic approaches as a means to predict the impact of the microbiome on the host.
Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Vitiligo at Different Ages: An Analysis of 571 Patients in Northwest China
Authors: Zhang Jing-Zhan , Luo Dong , An Cai-Xia , Xu Chen , Zhao Ya-Nan , Li Jin-Xi , Yu Shi-Rong , Zhang De-Zhi , Kang Xiao-Jing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective:
This study was performed to elucidate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of vitiligo patients of different ages in Northwest China.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the case records and questionnaires of all patients diagnosed with vitiligo, who visited People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from May 2016 to December 2017. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of these patients were analyzed by Pearson's χ2 test and Fisher's exact test.

Results:
In total, we collected data of 571 vitiligo patients with age of 32.9 ± 16.4 years. The prevalence of segmental vitiligo in children and adolescents ≤19 years old (24/175[13.7%]) was higher than that in adults aged from 20-59 years (23/370[6.2%]) and advanced patients aged ≥60 years (1/26[3.8%]) (P = 0.020). The prevalence of progressive vitiligo was higher in children and adolescents ≤19 years (72/175[41.1%]) and adults from 20–59 years (141/370[38.1%) than in patients ≥60 years (5/26[19.2%]) (P = 0.063). Children and adolescents ≤19 years with vitiligo had a higher rate of a family history of vitiligo (20/175[11.4%]) than adults (20/370[5.4%]) and advanced age (1/26[3.8%]) (P = 0.031).

Conclusions:
This study provides clinical evidence that vitiligo at different ages has different characteristics, mainly regarding an increased incidence of segmental vitiligo, a higher prevalence of atopic dermatitis and halo nevus, and a more common positive family history among children and adolescent patients.
Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Food Allergy in Children With Atopic Dermatitis#
Authors: Wang Hua , Ma Lin , Tan Qi , Chen Ji , Li Ping , Tang Jian-Ping , Wang Liu-Hui , Guo Yi-Feng , Han Xiu-Ping , Xu Zi-Gang , Luo Xiao-Yan , Guo Yan-Ping , Wei Feng-Lei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The diagnosis of food allergy in clinical practice has not been standardized, and food allergy is overdiagnosed in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). This overdiagnosis of food allergy leads to unnecessary elimination diets that may exert potential adverse effects on the health of children with AD. Unlike classic IgE-mediated food allergy, food allergy in patients with AD may manifest as non-eczematous reactions, isolated eczematous reactions, or a combination of these reactions. The diagnosis of food allergy in children with AD should be made based on a thorough clinical history (detailed allergic history and feeding history), clinical manifestations, and laboratory workup including skin prick testing, serum specific IgE measurement, atopy patch testing, and oral food challenges. Once an underlying food allergy is confirmed in a patient with AD, comprehensive management is generally recommended. Avoidance of the food allergen is the main treatment approach, but there is a need for regular clinical follow-up, including evaluation of the nutritional status and supervision of growth and development. Multidisciplinary cooperation between dermatologists, nutritionists, and pediatricians is required.
Smart Pooled sample Testing for COVID-19: A Possible Solution for Sparsity of Test Kits
Authors: Bukhari Syed Usama Khalid , Khalid Syed Safwan , Syed Asmara , Shah Syed Sajid Hussain 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere is an exponential growth of COVID-19. The adaptation of preventive measures to limit the spread of infection among the people is the best solution to this health issue. The identification of infected cases and their isolation from healthy people is one of the most important preventive measures. In this regard, screening of the samples from a large number of people is needed which requires a lot of reagent kits for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The use of smart pooled sample testing with the help of algorithms may be a quite useful strategy in the current prevailing scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic. With the help of this strategy, the optimum number of samples to be pooled for a single test may be determined based on the total positivity rate of the particular community.
Cytotoxicity evaluation of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in multiple cell lines and tissues by dynamic imaging system and PBPK model
Authors: Yang Jianling , Wu Meng , Liu Xu , Liu Qi , Guo Zhengyang , Yao Xueting , Liu Yang , Cui Cheng , Li Haiyan , Song Chunli , Liu Dongyang , Xue Lixiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been used in treating COVID-19 patients recently. However, both drugs have some contradictions and rare but severe side effects, such as hypoglycemia, retina and cardiac toxicity. To further uncover the toxicity profile of CQ and HCQ in different tissues, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of them in 8 cell lines, and further adopted the physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK) to predict the tissue risk respectively. Retina, myocardium, lung, liver, kidney, vascular endothelium and intestinal epithelium originated cells were included in the toxicity evaluation of CQ and HCQ respectively. The proliferation pattern was monitored in 0-72 hours by IncuCyte S3, which could perform long-term continuous image and video of cells upon CQ or HCQ treatment. CC50 and the ratio of tissue trough concentrations to CC50 (RTTCC) were brought into predicted toxicity profiles. The CC50 at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h of CQ and HCQ decreased in the time-dependent manner, which indicates the accumulative cytotoxic effect. HCQ was found to be less toxic in 7 cell types except cardiomyocytes H9C2 cells (CC50-48 h=29.55 μM; CC50-72 h=15.26 μM). In addition, RTTCCis significant higher in CQ treatment group compared to HCQ group, which indicates that relative safety of HCQ. Both CQ and HCQ have certain cytotoxicity in time dependent manner which indicates the necessity of short period administration clinically. HCQ has the less impact in 7 cell lines proliferation and less toxicity compared to CQ in heart, liver, kidney and lung.
Organising outpatient dialysis services during the COVID-19 pandemic. A simulation and mathematical modelling study
Authors: Allen Michael , Bhanji Amir , Willemsen Jonas , Dudfield Steven , Logan Stuart , Monks Thomas 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study presents two simulation modelling tools to support the organisation of networks of dialysis services during the COVID-19 pandemic. These tools were developed to support renal services in the South of England (the Wessex region caring for 650 patients), but are applicable elsewhere.MethodsA discrete-event simulation was used to model a worst case spread of COVID-19 (80% infected over three months), to stress-test plans for dialysis provision throughout the COVID-19 outbreak. We investigated the ability of the system to manage the mix of COVID-19 positive and negative patients, and examined the likely effects on patients, outpatient workloads across all units, and inpatient workload at the centralised COVID-positive inpatient unit. A second Monte-Carlo vehicle routing model estimated the feasibility of patient transport plans and relaxing the current policy of single COVID-19 patient transport to allow up to four infected patients at a time.ResultsIf current outpatient capacity is maintained there is sufficient capacity in the South of England to keep COVID-19 negative/recovered and positive patients in separate sessions, but rapid reallocation of patients may be needed (as sessions are cleared of negative/recovered patients to enable that session to be dedicated to positive patients). Outpatient COVID-19 cases will spillover to a secondary site while other sites will experience a reduction in workload. The primary site chosen to manage infected patients will experience a significant increase in outpatients and in-patients. At the peak of infection, it is predicted there will be up to 140 COVID-19 positive patients with 40 to 90 of these as inpatients, likely breaching current inpatient capacity (and possibly leading to a need for temporary movement of dialysis equipment).Patient transport services will also come under considerable pressure. If patient transport operates on a policy of one positive patient at a time, and two-way transport is needed, a likely scenario estimates 80 ambulance drive time hours per day (not including fixed drop-off and ambulance cleaning times). Relaxing policies on individual patient transport to 2-4 patients per trip can save 40-60% of drive time. In mixed urban/rural geographies steps may need to be taken to temporarily accommodate renal COVID-19 positive patients closer to treatment facilities.ConclusionsDiscrete-event simulation simulation and Monte-Carlo vehicle routing model provides a useful method for stress-testing inpatient and outpatient clinical systems prior to peak COVID-19 workloads.
LEVEL OF FOOD CONSUMPTION SCORE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN AT SHEGAW MOTTA HOSPITAL, NORTHWEST ETHIOPIA
Authors: Birhan Mehariw , Worku Tsegahun , Taddele Mekuanint , Aderaw Zewdie 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundAll populations are at risk for poor food consumption, but pregnant women are the most vulnerable groups for poor food consumption particularly for those in resource limiting settings like Ethiopia. However, there is a lack of literature for food consumption score in these population groups and study area. Therefore, the results of this study may give information for local decision makers.ObjectiveTo assess level of food consumption score and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal service at Shegaw Motta Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018.MethodInstitution based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 422 pregnant women attending antenatal care service at Shegaw Motta Hospital from February 23, 2018-April 3, 2018. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data were collected using interviewer administered structured questionnaire and coded and entered to Epi-Data version 3.1 then exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Binary Logistic Regression was used for analysis.ResultA total of 422 pregnant women with response a rate of 100% participated in the study. The overall food consumption score among pregnant women was found to be eight of study participants [1.9% (95% CI: 0.7, 3.3)] reported that their food consumption score were poor, seventy of them [16.6% (95% CI: 13.0, 20.4)] were borderline and the remaining 81.5 % (95% CI: 77.5, 85.1) of them had acceptable food consumption score. Residence, being rural or urban [AOR=4.594(95% CI: 1.871, 11.283)], religion status, being an Orthodox or others [AOR= 0.073(95% CI: 0.021, 0.254)], were factors associated with food consumption score.Conclusion and recommendationFood consumption scores among pregnant women was found to be highly unacceptable. Residence and religion were factors associated with food consumption score. Therefore, appropriate nutrition education should be given.
Nowcasting and Forecasting the Spread of COVID-19 in Iran
Authors: Masjedi Hamidreza , Rabajante Jomar F. , Bahranizadd Fatemeh , Zare Mohammad Hosein 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionAs of early December 2019, COVID-19, a disease induced by SARS-COV-2, has started spreading, originated in Wuhan, China, and now on, have infected more than 2 million individuals throughout the world.PurposeThis study aimed to nowcast the COVID-19 outbreak throughout Iran and to forecast the trends of the disease spreading in the upcoming month.MethodsThe cumulative incidence and fatality data were extracted from official reports of the National Ministry of Health and Medical Educations of Iran. To formulate the outbreak dynamics, six phenomenological models, as well as a modified mechanistic Susciptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model, were implemented. The models were calibrated with the integrated data, and trends of the epidemic in Iran was then forecasted for the next month.ResultsThe final outbreak size calculated by the best fitted phenomenological models was estimated to be in the range of 68,486 to 118,923 cases; however, the calibrated SEIR model estimated that the outbreak would rage again, starting from April 26. Moreover, projected by the mechanistic model, approximately half of the infections have undergone undetected.ConclusionAlthough the advanced phenomenological models perfectly fitted the data, they are incapable of applying behavioral aspects of the outbreak and hence, are not reliable enough for authorities’ decision adoptions. In contrast, the mechanistic SEIR model alarms that the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran may peak for the second time, consequent to lifting the control measures. This implies that the government may implement a more granular decision making to control the outbreak.