bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Note: Investigation of the dosimetric impact of stray radiation on the Common Control Unit of the IBA Blue Phantom2
Authors: Cui Guoqiang , Duan Jun , Yang Yun , Yin Fang‐Fang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeThis technical note aims to investigate the dosimetric impact of stray radiation on the Common Control Unit (CCU) of the IBA Blue Phantom2 and the measured beam data.MethodsThree CCUs of the same model were used for the study. The primary test CCU was placed at five distances from the radiation beam central axis. At each distance, a set of depth dose and beam profiles for two open and two wedge fields were measured. The field sizes were 10 × 10 cm2 and 30 × 30 cm2 for the open fields, and 30 × 30 cm2 and 15 × 15 cm2 for the 30° and 60° wedges, respectively. The other two CCUs were used to cross check the data of the primary CCU. Assuming the effect of stray radiation on the data measured at the farthest reachable distance 4.5 m is negligible, the dosimetric impact of stray radiation on the CCU and consequently on the measured data can be extracted for analysis by comparing it with those measured at shorter distances.ResultsThe results of three CCUs were consistent. The dosimetric impact of stray radiation was greater for lower energies at larger field sizes. For open fields, the data variation was up to 4.5% for depth dose curves and 7.1% for beam profiles. For wedge fields, the data variation was up to 9.3% for depth dose curves and 10.6% for beam profiles. Moreover, for wedge field profiles in the wedge direction, they became flatter as the CCU was placed closer to the primary radiation beam, manifesting smaller wedge angles.ConclusionThe stray radiation added a uniform background noise on all measured data. The magnitude of the noise is inversely proportional to the square of the distance of the CCU to the primary radiation beam, approximately following the inverse square law.
High‐Performance N‐type Mg3Sb2 towards Thermoelectric Application near Room Temperature
Authors: Zhang Fan , Chen Chen , Yao Honghao , Bai Fengxian , Yin Li , Li Xiaofang , Li Shan , Xue Wenhua , Wang Yumei , Cao Feng , Liu Xingjun , Sui Jiehe , Zhang Qian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSe‐doped Mg3.2Sb1.5Bi0.5‐based thermoelectric materials are revisited in this study. An increased ZT value ≈1.4 at about 723 K is obtained in Mg3.2Sb1.5Bi0.49Se0.01 with optimized carrier concentration ≈1.9 × 1019 cm−3. Based on this composition, Co and Mn are incorporated for the manipulation of the carrier scattering mechanism, which are beneficial to the dramatically enhanced electrical conductivity and power factor around room temperature range. Combined with the lowered lattice thermal conductivity due to the introduction of effective phonon scattering centers in Se&Mn‐codoped sample, a highest room temperature ZT value ≈0.63 and a peak ZT value ≈1.70 at 623 K are achieved for Mg3.15Mn0.05Sb1.5Bi0.49Se0.01, leading to a high average ZT ≈1.33 from 323 to 673 K. In particular, a remarkable average ZT ≈1.18 between the temperature of 323 and 523 K is achieved, suggesting the competitive substitution for the commercialized n‐type Bi2Te3‐based thermoelectric materials.
Shaping Liquid Crystals with Gold Nanoparticles: Helical Assemblies with Tunable and Hierarchical Structures Via Thin‐Film Cooperative Interactions
Authors: Bagiński Maciej , Tupikowska Martyna , González‐Rubio Guillermo , Wójcik Michał , Lewandowski Wiktor 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe availability of helical assemblies of plasmonic nanoparticles with precisely controlled and tunable structures can play a key role in the future development of chiral plasmonics and metamaterials. Here, a strategy to efficiently yield helical structures based on the cooperative interactions of liquid crystals and gold nanoparticles in thin films is developed. These nanocomposites exhibit exceptional long‐range hierarchical order across length scales, which results from the growth mechanism of nanoparticle‐coated twisted nanoribbons and their ability to form organized bundles. The helical assembly formation is governed by the presence of rationally functionalized nanoparticles. Importantly, the thickness of the achieved nanocomposites can be reversibly reconfigured owing to the polymorphic nature of the liquid crystal. The versatility of the proposed approach is demonstrated by preparing helices assembled from nanoparticles of different geometries and dimensions (spherical and rod‐like). The described strategy may become an enabling technology for structuring nanoparticle assemblies with high precision and fabricating optically active materials.
New Perspectives in the Indole Ring Functionalization using 2‐Indolylmethanols
Authors: Petrini Marino 
Published: November 2019

Abstract2‐Indolylmethanols have been recently involved in several processes dealing with indole functionalization. These compounds, upon activation by Brønsted or Lewis acids, generate a bidentate electrophilic system amenable to react at the 3‐position or at the benzylic site with a wide range of nucleophilic reagents. The functionalization pattern is affected by the nature of the substituents at the carbinol unit and also depends on the nature of the nucleophile used. Nucleophilic reactants bearing a remote electrophilic site in their structure can be involved in a further ring closure ultimately leading to polycyclic derivatives. This review article summarizes some fundamental aspects of the chemistry of 2‐indolylmethanols with particular attention to those related to asymmetric synthesis.magnified image
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed C−H Bond [3+2] Annulation of N‐Nitrosoanilines with Alkynes in Water
Authors: Chen Xun , Cui Xue , Bai Lili , Wang Ying , Xie Ying , Wang Shuojin , Zhai Ruirui , Zhao Ke , Kong Dulin , Li Youbin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn efficient RuII‐catalyzed C−H bond redox‐neutral annulation of N‐nitrosoanilines with alkynes by employing water as the solvent has been developed. This transformation provides an easy and robust protocol for the synthesis of indoles with a broad range of functional group tolerance and excellent regioselectivity.
Academic collaboration rates and citation associations vary substantially between countries and fields
Authors: Thelwall Mike , Maflahi Nabeil 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResearch collaboration is promoted by governments and research funders, but if the relative prevalence and merits of collaboration vary internationally then different national and disciplinary strategies may be needed to promote it. This study compares the team size and field normalized citation impact of research across all 27 Scopus broad fields in the 10 countries with the most journal articles indexed in Scopus 2008–2012. The results show that team size varies substantially by discipline and country, with Japan (4.2) having two‐thirds more authors per article than the United Kingdom (2.5). Solo authorship is rare in China (4%) but common in the United Kingdom (27%). While increasing team size associates with higher citation impact in almost all countries and fields, this association is much weaker in China than elsewhere. There are also field differences in the association between citation impact and collaboration. For example, larger team sizes in the Business, Management & Accounting category do not seem to associate with greater research impact, and for China and India, solo authorship associates with higher citation impact in this field. Overall, there are substantial international and field differences in the extent to which researchers collaborate and the extent to which collaboration associates with higher citation impact.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of Functionalized Arylacetonitriles with Arylboronic Acids in 2‐MeTHF: Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of Aminoisoquinolines and Isoquinolones
Authors: Zhen Qianqian , Chen Lepeng , Qi Linjun , Hu Kun , Shao Yinlin , Li Renhao , Chen Jiuxi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe first example of the nickel‐catalyzed tandem addition/cyclization of 2‐(cyanomethyl)benzonitriles with arylboronic acids in 2‐MeTHF has been developed, which provides the facile synthesis of aminoisoquinolines with good functional group tolerance under mild conditions. This chemistry has also been successfully applied to the synthesis of isoquinolones by the tandem reaction of methyl 2‐(cyanomethyl)benzoates with arylboronic acids. The use of the bio‐based and green solvent 2‐MeTHF as the reaction medium makes the synthesis process environmentally benign. The synthetic utility of this chemistry is also indicated by the synthesis of biologically active molecules.
Molecular Aggregation of Naphthalene Diimide(NDI) Derivatives in Electron Transport Layers of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells and Their Influence on the Device Performance
Authors: Liu Wenbo , Shaikh Dada B. , Rao Pedada Srinivasa , Bhosale Rajesh S. , Said Ahmed Ali , Mak Adrian M. , Wang Zongrui , Zhao Mu , Gao Weibo , Chen Bingbing , Lam Yeng Ming , Fan Weijun , Bhosale Sidhanath V. , Bhosale Sheshanath V. , Zhang Qichun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOne of key factors to design applicable electron transport layers (ETLs) for perovskite solar cells is the morphology of ETLs since a good morphology would help to facilitate the carrier transport at two interfaces (perovskite\ETL and ETL\cathode). However, one drawback of most organic ETL small molecules is the internal undesired accumulation, which would cause the formation of inappropriate morphology and rough ETL surface. Here, by elaborately designing the side chains of NDI derivatives, the molecular interaction could be modified to achieve the aggregation in different degrees, which would eventually affect the accumulation of molecules and surface qualities of ETLs. By speculating from the comparison between the absorption spectra of solutions and films, the sequence of extent of molecule interaction and aggregation was built among three NDI derivatives, which is further confirmed by direct evidence of atomic force microscopy (AFM) images. Then, carrier exaction abilities are simply studied by steady‐state photoluminescence spectroscopy. The carrier transport process is also discussed based on cyclic voltammetry, time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy and mobility. NDIF1 are proven to have the appropriate internal aggregation to smooth the contact with cathode and low series resistance, and a device performance of 15.6 % is achieved. With the ability of preventing the thermal diffusion of Ag towards the perovskite surface due to the strong interaction between molecules, NDIF2 at high concentration shows the highest fill factor (80 %).
Alectinib, an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor, as a bridge to allogeneic stem cell transplantation in a patient with ALK‐positive anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma refractory to chemotherapy and brentuximab vedotin
Authors: Nakai Ritsuko , Fukuhara Suguru , Maeshima Akiko Miyagi , Kim Sung‐Won , Ito Yuta , Hatta Shunsuke , Suzuki Tomotaka , Yuda Sayako , Makita Shinichi , Munakata Wataru , Suzuki Tatsuya , Maruyama Dai , Izutsu Koji 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis is the first case report of alectinib as a bridge to allo‐SCT in a patient with ALK‐positive ALCL refractory to both conventional chemotherapies and BV. This report offers a ray of hope for a condition with poor prognosis.
High Stable Sulfur Cathode with Self‐Healable and Physical Confining Polydimethylsiloxane Interlayer
Authors: Cui Ximing , Pan Qinmin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLi‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries are promising high‐performance power sources, but their practical application is significantly impeded by the large volume change and diffusion of polysulfides (i. e., shuttle effect). Here we report that such issues can be effectively addressed by rationally designing a self‐healable and confining interfacial nanolayer. The goal is achieved by encapsulating individual sulfur microparticles with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanoshell cross‐linked by dynamic imine bonding. The nanoshell well adapts the volume change, timely remediates itself after breaking, but also in situ confines the generated polysulfides, which ensures a “robust micro‐interface” between each sulfur particle and the electrolyte in the cycling process. Consequently, the resulting sulfur cathodes exhibit excellent energy‐storage performances even at a high sulfur loading. We believed that this design of a multifunctional micro‐interfacial layer provides an alternative insight into the intrinsic problems of sulfur cathodes.
Discovery of Biased Mu‐Opioid Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Pain
Authors: Ma Mengjun , Li Xiang , Tong Kun , Cheng Jingchao , Yu Zixing , Ren Fengxia , Zhong Bohua , Shi Weiguo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractG protein‐biased mu‐opioid receptor (MOR) agonists have been developed as promising new potent analgesic drugs with fewer adverse side effects than standard MOR agonists. PZM21 represents a unique chemotype unrelated to known opioids, which makes it a desirable lead for modification to find analgesics with new chemical entities. In the present study, we synthesized and tested novel PZM21 derivatives as potent biased MOR agonists by introducing a benzodioxolane group to replace the hydroxybenzene of PZM21. The new compounds displayed more potent analgesic activities in vivo and greater bias toward G protein signaling in vitro than did PZM21. These results suggest that the benzodioxolane group is essential for the maintenance of bias. Compounds 7 i ((S)‐1‐(3‐(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol‐4‐yl)‐2‐(dimethylamino)propyl)‐3‐phenethylurea) and 7 j ((S)‐1‐(3‐(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol‐4‐yl)‐2‐(dimethylamino)propyl)‐3‐benzylurea) could serve as new leads for further modifications to find novel biased MOR agonists with greater G protein signaling potency and less β‐arrestin‐2 recruitment.
Improving MapReduce scheduler for heterogeneous workloads in a heterogeneous environment
Authors: Jeyaraj Rathinaraja , V S Ananthanarayana , Paul Anand 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBig data is largely influencing business entities and research sectors to be more data‐driven. Hadoop MapReduce is one of the cost‐effective ways to process large scale datasets and offered as a service over the Internet. Even though cloud service providers promise an infinite amount of resources available on‐demand, it is inevitable that some of the hired virtual resources for MapReduce are left unutilized and makespan is limited due to various heterogeneities that exist while offering MapReduce as a service. As MapReduce v2 allows users to define the size of containers for the map and reduce tasks, jobs in a batch become heterogeneous and behave differently. Also, the different capacity of virtual machines in the MapReduce virtual cluster accommodate a varying number of map/reduce tasks. These factors highly affect resource utilization in the virtual cluster and the makespan for a batch of MapReduce jobs. Default MapReduce job schedulers do not consider these heterogeneities that exist in a cloud environment. Moreover, virtual machines in MapReduce virtual cluster process an equal number of blocks regardless of their capacity, which affects the makespan. Therefore, we devised a heuristic‐based MapReduce job scheduler that exploits virtual machine and MapReduce workload level heterogeneities to improve resource utilization and makespan. We proposed two methods to achieve this: (i) roulette wheel scheme based data block placement in heterogeneous virtual machines, and (ii) a constrained 2‐dimensional bin packing to place heterogeneous map/reduce tasks. We compared heuristic‐based MapReduce job scheduler against the classical fair scheduler in MapReduce v2. Experimental results showed that our proposed scheduler improved makespan and resource utilization by 45.6% and 47.9% over classical fair scheduler.
The generalized sense of power is a psychological resource: Evidence from a disaster response field training exercise
Authors: Sherman Gary D. , Türkay Selen , Moulton Samuel T. , Friedman Michael C. , Darani Negeen , Daly Brian , Kayden Stephanie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe examined whether the generalized sense of power—the belief that one is able to influence others in one's various social relationships—serves as a psychological resource that enables leadership in high‐stakes, unfamiliar group challenges, such as emergencies or crises. We studied current and prospective humanitarian aid professionals (N = 180) during a major field training exercise: a three‐day, immersive simulated humanitarian crisis. Individuals who entered the simulated crisis with a greater sense of power in their social relationships experienced lower stress (anxiety), behaved more assertively, and left the simulation with a relatively heightened desire to lead, despite not being deemed better leaders by their teammates. Lacking an initial sense of power was associated with experiences (e.g., feeling timid) that undermined the desire to lead. These results suggest that the psychological sense of power is a key leadership resource, without which one may be at risk of self‐selecting out of leadership.
Goodness‐of‐fit tests forβARMA hydrological time series modeling
Authors: Scher Vinícius T. , Cribari‐Neto Francisco , Pumi Guilherme , Bayer Fábio M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe address the issue of performing portmanteau testing inference using time series data that assume values in the standard unit interval. The motivation involves modeling the time series dynamics of the proportion of stocked hydroelectric energy in the South of Brazil. Our focus lies in the class of beta autoregressive moving average (βARMA) models. In particular, we wish to test the goodness‐of‐fit of such models. We consider several testing criteria that have been proposed for Gaussian time series models and introduce two new tests. We derive the asymptotic null distribution of the two proposed test statistics in two different scenarios, namely, when the tests are applied to an observed time series and when they are applied to the residuals from a fittedβARMA model. It is worth noticing that our results imply the asymptotic validity of standard portmanteau tests in the class ofβARMA models that are, under the null hypothesis, asymptotically equivalent to our test statistics. We use Monte Carlo simulation to assess the relative merits of the different portmanteau tests when used with fittedβARMA models. The simulation results we present show that the new tests are typically more powerful than a well‐known test whose test statistic is also based on residual partial autocorrelations. Overall, the tests we propose perform quite well. Finally, we model the dynamics of the proportion of stocked hydroelectric energy in Brazil. The results show that theβARMA model outperforms three alternative models and an exponential smoothing algorithm.
Eye clinic liaison officers service in the United Kingdom
Authors: Papastefanou Vasilios P. , Kang Swan , Simkiss Philippa , Zambarakji Hadi 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundTo investigate the role of eye clinic liaison officers (ECLOs) in the United Kingdom and analyse patients' demographics and services provided.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study. Data were collected from the Royal National Institute of Blind People for ECLOs in Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and England for the first quarter of 2015. Statistical analysis was performed using chi‐square and t test as appropriate.ResultsTrusts with ECLOs support vary greatly in the UK regions. Only one‐third of NHS trusts in England have an ECLO service. Over 4000 patients were assessed. The majority of patients were of White ethnic background (94%), lived alone (37%), had no carers (58%) and were in their 80s (29.5%). The principal ocular conditions causing sight loss and certification were age‐related macular degeneration (41.6%) and glaucoma (18.1%). Approximately 70% of patients are first seen at 13 to 18 months from diagnosis.ConclusionsECLO services vary in the UK regions. England has the lowest ECLO availability per trust and the majority of those assessed were of White British origin with AMD. There are significant delays from diagnosis to the first visit indicating the need for improved services. Further studies are necessary to develop the evidence base for the expansion and funding of ECLO services.
NMR Perspectives of the KcsA Potassium Channel in the Membrane Environment
Authors: Chill Jordan H. , Qasim Arwa , Sher Inbal , Gross Renana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMembrane‐embedded proteins (MPs) are central to a wide range of cellular processes. Despite their importance, structural studies of MPs are hindered by expression difficulties and the need for stabilization in a membrane‐mimicking environment. High‐resolution NMR methods can investigate structure and function of MPs due to methodological advances and new membrane‐like assemblies for stabilization of MPs. In this perspective of the field, we introduce the challenges and opportunities of NMR studies of membrane proteins, briefly surveying membrane‐mimicking systems and their application in structure determination. A case study then focuses on the C‐terminal domain of the bacterial potassium channel KcsA, describing how improvements in membrane‐mimicking conditions eventually enabled us to present a structural view of the pH‐dependent behavior of this cytoplasmic channel domain. The results highlight prerequisites for a successful study of MPs and the potential for future investigations.
Palynological investigation of some selected species of family Fabaceae from Pakistan, using light and scanning electron microscopy techniques
Authors: Khan Irum , Akhtar Naveed , Khan Shafqat Ali 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPollen morphology of 11 species of family Fabaceae that is, Trifolium alexandrinum, Trifolium resupinatum, Arachis hypogaea, Lathyrus aphaca, Medicago lupulina, Vicia sativa, Lathyrus odoratus, Pongamia pinnata, Melilotus indicus, Medicago polymorpha, Medicago sativa from Pakistan has been investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen were generally tricolporate, radially symmetrical, isopolar, elliptic in equatorial view and triangular in polar view under LM. Results showed that pollens were per‐prolate (T. alexandrinum), prolate (T. resupinatum, V. sativa, L. odoratus, Melilotus indicus, M. polymorpha, M. sativa) and sub‐prolate (A. hypogaea, L. aphaca, M. lupulina, P. pinnata). The larger polar/equatorial (P/E) ratio was found in T. alexandrinum (2.26 μm) and the smallest was found in M. lupulina (1.21 μm). The exine of T. resupinatum was 3.00 μm in thickness while others posses smaller exine thickness. The larger pore diameter was found in P. pinnata (16.01 μm) while others have smaller. The length of colpi was larger in Arachis hypogaea (32.24) while others posses smaller. Eight types of surface ornamentation (Psilate, faintly rugulate). Perforate and rugulate to verrucate have been observed under SEM. The pollens were europalynous type. Pollen morphology proved to be useful for the specific delimitation and serve as a tool for the identification and classification of taxa at specific and generic levels and can also be used as a key for the taxonomic features. Diversity in exine sculpture is helpful indicative characters for the isolation of closely related species. Hence, it is clear that both qualitative and quantitative characters of pollen can be useful for differentiating between taxa at specific level.