bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tryptone-stabilized gold nanoparticles induce unipolar clustering of supernumerary centrosomes and G1 arrest in triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Nirmala J. Grace , Lopus Manu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGold nanoparticles of different sizes, shapes, and decorations exert a variety of effects on biological systems. We report a novel mechanism of action of chemically modified, tryptone-stabilized gold nanoparticles (T-GNPs) in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line, MDA-MB-231. The T-GNPs, synthesized using HAuCl4.3H2O and tryptone and characterized by an assortment of spectroscopy techniques combined with high-resolution electron microscopy, demonstrated strong antiproliferative and anti-clonogenic potential against MDA-MB-231 cells, arresting them at the G1 phase of the cell cycle and promoting apoptosis. The molecular mechanism of action of these particles involved induction of unipolar clustering and hyper amplification of the supernumerary centrosomes (a distinctive feature of many tumour cells, including TNBC cells). The clustering was facilitated by microtubules with suppressed dynamicity. Mass spectrometry-assisted proteomic analysis revealed that the T-GNP-induced G1 arrest was facilitated, at least in part, by downregulation of ribosome biogenesis pathways. Due to the presence of supernumerary centrosomes in many types of tumour cells, we propose chemical induction of their unipolar clustering as a potential therapeutic strategy.
Electric readout of magnetic stripes in insulators
Authors: Chen Yao , Shiomi Yuki , Qiu Zhiyong , Niizeki Tomohiko , Umeda Maki , Saitoh Eiji 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn superconductors, a topological configuration of the superconducting order parameter called a superconducting vortex carries magnetization. Such a magnetic topological object behaves like a minute particle generating a magnetic flux. Since the flux is localized with a nanometer scale, the vortex provides a nano-scale probe for local magnetic fields. Here we show that information of magnetic stripes in insulators can be read out by using vortices in an adjacent superconductor film as a probe. The orientation and width of magnetic micro stripes are both transcribed into resistance change of the superconductor through the modulation of vortex mobility affected by local magnetization. By changing the direction of external magnetic fields, zero-field resistance changes continuously according to the stripe orientation, and its modulation magnitude reaches up to 100%. The width of the stripes can also be estimated from the oscillatory magnetoresistance. Our results demonstrate a new possibility for non-volatile analog memory devices based on topological objects.
Incidence of Terson Syndrome in Treated Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in South Korea: a National Health Insurance Database Study
Authors: Hong Eun Hee , Seong Mincheol , Yeom Hosuck , Choi Sungyong , Choi Kyu-Sun , Kang Min Ho , Cho Heeyoon , Shin Yong Un 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the incidence and mortality of Terson syndrome in patients with treated subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in South Korea. In this nationwide, population-based study, we used the National Health Insurance(NHI) database (2011–2015) to identify patients aged ≥18 years. Newly diagnosed non-traumatic SAH, treated using clipping or coil embolization, were identified, and Terson syndrome was defined as newly diagnosed retinal or vitreous hemorrhage within 3 months of SAH diagnosis. We identified 22,864 patients with treated SAH (tSAH), 196 of whom had Terson syndrome, with the cumulative incidence during 5 years of 0.86% (95% CI: 0.74–0.98): 1.10% (95% CI: 0.88–1.33) in men and 0.71% (95% CI, 0.58–0.85) in women. The cumulative incidence of Terson syndrome in patients aged under 40 was higher than in those aged 40 or over (1.41% vs. 0.81%; p = 0.007). The mortality rate of Terson syndrome in patients with tSAH was not different from that in those without Terson syndrome (4.08% vs. 7.30%; p = 0.089). This was the first nationwide epidemiological study of Terson syndrome using a population-based database. The incidence of Terson syndrome in patients with tSAH was higher in those age under 40 than in those aged 40 or over.
The discrimination of facial sex in developmental prosopagnosia
Authors: Marsh Jade E. , Biotti Federica , Cook Richard , Gray Katie L. H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDevelopmental prosopagnosia (DP) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by difficulties recognising and discriminating faces. It is currently unclear whether the perceptual impairments seen in DP are restricted to identity information, or also affect the perception of other facial characteristics. To address this question, we compared the performance of 17 DPs and matched controls on two sensitive sex categorisation tasks. First, in a morph categorisation task, participants made binary decisions about faces drawn from a morph continuum that blended incrementally an average male face and an average female face. We found that judgement precision was significantly lower in the DPs than in the typical controls. Second, we used a sex discrimination task, where female or male facial identities were blended with an androgynous average face. We manipulated the relative weighting of each facial identity and the androgynous average to create four levels of signal strength. We found that DPs were significantly less sensitive than controls at each level of difficulty. Together, these results suggest that the visual processing difficulties in DP extend beyond the extraction of facial identity and affects the extraction of other facial characteristics. Deficits of facial sex categorisation accord with an apperceptive characterisation of DP.
Microphysical Features of Rain and Rain events during different Seasons over a Tropical Mountain location using an Optical Disdrometer
Authors: Sreekanth T. S. , Varikoden Hamza , Mohan Kumar G. , Resmi E. A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the present study, seven-year-long observations of rain microphysical properties are presented using a ground-based disdrometer located at Braemore; a site on the windward slope of the Western Ghats (WG) over the Indian Peninsula. The annual cycle of rainfall shows a bimodal distribution with a primary peak during summer monsoon and secondary peak during pre-monsoon. Pre-monsoon rain events are less in number but are with high intensity and characterize large raindrops and low number concentration. During summer monsoon, short and less intense rain events with small drops are noticed. Post-monsoon rain is having a long duration less intense events with lower concentration of large raindrops compared to the summer monsoon. In the seasonal variation of mean diameter (Dm) and raindrop concentration (NT) with Rain Intensity (RI), winter and pre-monsoon rains exhibit higher values of Dm and lower values of NT compared to the summer and post-monsoon seasons for all the RI ranges. The mean features of the rain microphysical parameters are also supported by the case studies of rain events. RI, Dm and NT are categorized into different range bins for all the seasons to identify their variation and relative rainfall contribution to the total seasonal rainfall. Heavy drizzle/Light rain has maximum rain duration, and the relative contribution to the rainfall is high from heavy rain type. Winter and pre-monsoon rains are mostly contributed from the larger raindrops (>Dm3), and during summer and post-monsoons it is from Dm2 onwards. The distribution of occurrence frequency of NT and rainfall are similar during all four seasons. NT2 recorded rainfall percentage nearly the same as NT1 in summer monsoon and this also supports large number of raindrops in this season. In RI-Duration analysis, all seasons showed similar distribution, and 90% of total duration is contributed from RI with less than 20 mm h−1.
Construction of 3D-rendering imaging of an ischemic rat brain model using the planar FMMD technique
Authors: Kim Chang-Beom , Park Sang-Jin , Jeong Jae-Chan , Choi Seung-Min , Krause Hans-Joachim , Song Dae-Yong , Hong Hyobong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOcclusion of the major cerebral artery usually results in brain hypoxic-ischemic injury, which evokes neuroinflammation and microglial activation. Activated microglia are considered a source of multiple neurotoxic factors, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), in the central nervous system (CNS). We herein present a 3D-rendering brain imaging technique in an experimental rodent model of cerebral ischemia based on 2D magnetic images of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) using the planar frequency mixing magnetic detection (p-FMMD) technique. A rat model of cerebral ischemia was established by unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion with reperfusion (MCAO/R) injury. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was performed to demonstrate the irreversibly damaged ischemic brain tissues, and double immunofluorescent labeling of OX6 (activated microglial marker) and ethidium (ROS marker) was conducted to confirm ROS generation in the activated microglia in the infarcted brain region. The ischemic brain sections treated with OX6-conjugated SPIONs were scanned using our p-FMMD system, yielding 2D images on the basis of the nonlinear magnetic characteristics inherent in SPIONs. The p-FMMD signal images representing microglia activation show an infarct ratio of 44.6 ± 7.1% compared to the contralateral counterpart, which is smaller than observed by TTC (60.9 ± 4.9%) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, 65.7 ± 2.7%). Furthermore, we developed a 3D-rendering brain imaging process based on the 2D p-FMMD signal images. The 3D reconstructed model showed a decreased ratio of coincidence of the ischemic regions compared with MRI models. In this study, we successfully conducted a feasibility test on whether our p-FMMD technology, a technique for signaling and imaging based on the nonlinearity of SPIONs, can be used to visualize the ischemic brain region in real time by detecting activated microglia in an MCAO/R animal model. Therefore, our method might allow for a different approach to analyze the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke through molecular imaging. Furthermore, we propose that this magnetic particle imaging (MPI) technique that detects the nonlinear magnetization properties of SPIONs could be applied not only to a stroke model but also to various types of pathophysiological studies as a new bioimaging tool.
Novel halo- and thermo-tolerant Cohnella sp. A01 L-glutaminase: heterologous expression and biochemical characterization
Authors: Mosallatpour Samaneh , Aminzadeh Saeed , Shamsara Mehdi , Hajihosseini Reza 
Published: December 2019

AbstractL-glutaminase importance to use in the food industry and medicine has attracted much attention. Enzymes stability has always been a challenge while working with them. We heterologously expressed and characterized a novel stable L-glutaminase from an extremophile bacterium (Cohnella sp. A01, PTCC No: 1921). Km, Vmax, catalytic efficiency and specific activity of rSAM were respectively 1.8 mM, 49 µmol/min, 1851 1/(S.mM) and 9.2 IU/mg. Activation energy for substrate to product conversion and irreversible thermo-inactivation were respectively 4 kJ/mol and 105 kJ/mol from the linear Arrhenius plot. rSAM had the highest activity at temperature 50 °C, pH 8 and was resistant to a wide range of temperature and pH. In compare to the other characterized glutaminases, rSAM was the most resistant to NaCl. Mg2+, glycerol, DTT, and BME enhanced the enzyme activity and iodoacetate and iodoacetamide inhibited it. rSAM had only been partially digested by some proteases. According to the Fluorimetry and Circular dichroism analysis, rSAM in pH range from 4 to 11 and temperatures up to 60 °C had structural stability. A cysteine residue in the enzyme active site and a thiol bond were predicted upon the modeled tertiary structure of rSAM. Present structural studies also confirmed the presence of a thiol bond in its structure.
Comprehensive and semi-quantitative analysis of carboxyl-containing metabolites related to gut microbiota on chronic kidney disease using 2-picolylamine isotopic labeling LC-MS/MS
Authors: Kanemitsu Yoshitomi , Mishima Eikan , Maekawa Masamitsu , Matsumoto Yotaro , Saigusa Daisuke , Yamaguchi Hiroaki , Ogura Jiro , Tsukamoto Hiroki , Tomioka Yoshihisa , Abe Takaaki , Mano Nariyasu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCarboxyl-containing metabolites, such as bile acids and fatty acids, have many important functions and microbiota is involved in the production of them. In the previous study, we found that the chronic kidney disease (CKD) model mice raised under germ-free conditions provided more severe renal damage than the mice with commensal microbiota. However, the precise influence by the microbiome and carboxyl-containing metabolites to the renal functions is unknown. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel chemical isotope labeling-LC-MS/MS method using the 2-picolylamine and its isotopologue and applied the analysis of effects of microbiome and CKD pathophysiology. The developed semi-quantitative method provided the high accuracy not inferior to the absolute quantification. By comparing of four groups of mice, we found that both microbiota and renal function can alter the composition and level of these metabolites in both plasma and intestine. In particular, the intestinal level of indole-3-acetic acid, short-chain fatty acids and n-3 type of polyunsaturated fatty acid, which play important roles in the endothelial barrier function, were significantly lower in germ-free conditions mice with renal failure. Accordingly, it is suggested these metabolites might have a renoprotective effect on CKD by suppressing epithelial barrier disruption.
Novel insights into molecular mechanisms of Pseudourostyla cristata encystment using comparative transcriptomics
Authors: Pan Nan , Niu Tao , Bhatti Muhammad Zeeshan , Zhang Haiyang , Fan Xinpeng , Ni Bing , Chen Jiwu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe encystment of many ciliates is an advanced survival strategy against adversity and the most important reason for ciliates existence worldwide. However, the molecular mechanism for the encystment of free-living ciliates is poorly understood. Here, we performed comparative transcriptomic analysis of dormant cysts and trophonts from Pseudourostyla cristata using transcriptomics, qRT-PCR and bioinformatic techniques. We identified 2565 differentially expressed unigenes between the dormant cysts and the trophonts. The total number of differentially expressed genes in GO database was 1752. The differential unigenes noted to the GO terms were 1993. These differential categories were mainly related to polyamine transport, pectin decomposition, cytoplasmic translation, ribosome, respiratory chain, ribosome structure, ion channel activity, and RNA ligation. A total of 224 different pathways were mapped. Among them, 184 pathways were upregulated, while 162 were downregulated. Further investigation showed that the calcium and AMPK signaling pathway had important induction effects on the encystment. In addition, FOXO and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis signaling pathway jointly regulated the encystment. Based on these findings, we propose a hypothetical signaling network that regulates Pseudourostyla cristata encystment. Overall, these results provide deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms of ciliates encystment and adaptation to adverse environments.
Association of pre- and post-stroke glycemic status with clinical outcome in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Kang Kaijiang , Lu Jingjing , Ju Yi , Wang Wenjuan , Shen Yuan , Wang Anxin , Cao Zhentang , Zhao Xingquan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to disclose the association of pre- and post-stroke glycemic status with clinical outcome in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). It was a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study, conducted in 13 hospitals in Beijing from January 2014 to September 2016. The association of admission random blood glucose (RBG), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with clinical outcome at 90 days after sICH onset were analyzed comprehensively. Poor outcome was defined as death or modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score >2. The results showed that elevated RBG and FBG were associated with larger hematoma volume, lower GCS, higher NIHSS (P < 0.001), and poor outcome, but HbA1c was not (P > 0.05). In stratified analysis, the association of poor outcome with elevated FBG or RBG retained statistical significance just in patients without diabetes. Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression showed that patients with elevated FBG or RBG had significantly higher risk of death within 90 days (P < 0.05). So we conclude that poststroke hyperglycemia was associated with larger hematoma volume, severe neurological damage and poor clinical outcome, but HbA1c was not relevant to hematoma volume or clinical outcome in patients with sICH.
HIPP1 stabilizes the interaction between CP190 and Su(Hw) in the Drosophila insulator complex
Authors: Melnikova Larisa , Molodina Varvara , Erokhin Maksim , Georgiev Pavel , Golovnin Anton 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSuppressor of Hairy-wing [Su(Hw)] is one of the best characterized architectural proteins in Drosophila and recruits the CP190 and Mod(mdg4)-67.2 proteins to chromatin, where they form a well-known insulator complex. Recently, HP1 and insulator partner protein 1 (HIPP1), a homolog of the human co-repressor Chromodomain Y-Like (CDYL), was identified as a new partner for Su(Hw). Here, we performed a detailed analysis of the domains involved in the HIPP1 interactions with Su(Hw)-dependent complexes. HIPP1 was found to directly interact with the Su(Hw) C-terminal region (aa 720–892) and with CP190, but not with Mod(mdg4)-67.2. We have generated Hipp1 null mutants (HippΔ1) and found that the loss of Hipp1 does not affect the enhancer-blocking or repression activities of the Su(Hw)-dependent complex. However, the simultaneous inactivation of both HIPP1 and Mod(mdg4)-67.2 proteins resulted in reduced CP190 binding with Su(Hw) sites and significantly altered gypsy insulator activity. Taken together, these results suggested that the HIPP1 protein stabilized the interaction between CP190 and the Su(Hw)-dependent complex.
Deep whole-genome sequencing of 3 cancer cell lines on 2 sequencing platforms
Authors: Arora Kanika , Shah Minita , Johnson Molly , Sanghvi Rashesh , Shelton Jennifer , Nagulapalli Kshithija , Oschwald Dayna M. , Zody Michael C. , Germer Soren , Jobanputra Vaidehi , Carter Jade , Robine Nicolas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo test the performance of a new sequencing platform, develop an updated somatic calling pipeline and establish a reference for future benchmarking experiments, we performed whole-genome sequencing of 3 common cancer cell lines (COLO-829, HCC-1143 and HCC-1187) along with their matched normal cell lines to great sequencing depths (up to 278x coverage) on both Illumina HiSeqX and NovaSeq sequencing instruments. Somatic calling was generally consistent between the two platforms despite minor differences at the read level. We designed and implemented a novel pipeline for the analysis of tumor-normal samples, using multiple variant callers. We show that coupled with a high-confidence filtering strategy, the use of combination of tools improves the accuracy of somatic variant calling. We also demonstrate the utility of the dataset by creating an artificial purity ladder to evaluate the somatic pipeline and benchmark methods for estimating purity and ploidy from tumor-normal pairs. The data and results of the pipeline are made accessible to the cancer genomics community.
Interaction of melatonin and Bmal1 in the regulation of PI3K/AKT pathway components and cellular survival
Authors: Beker Mustafa C. , Caglayan Berrak , Caglayan Ahmet B. , Kelestemur Taha , Yalcin Esra , Caglayan Aysun , Kilic Ulkan , Baykal Ahmet T. , Reiter Russel J. , Kilic Ertugrul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe circadian rhythm is driven by a master clock within the suprachiasmatic nucleus which regulates the rhythmic secretion of melatonin. Bmal1 coordinates the rhythmic expression of transcriptome and regulates biological activities, involved in cell metabolism and aging. However, the role of Bmal1 in cellular- survival, signaling, its interaction with intracellular proteins, and how melatonin regulates its expression is largely unclear. Here we observed that melatonin increases the expression of Bmal1 and both melatonin and Bmal1 increase cellular survival after oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) while the inhibition of Bmal1 resulted in the decreased cellular survival without affecting neuroprotective effects of melatonin. By using a planar surface immunoassay for PI3K/AKT signaling pathway components, we revealed that both melatonin and Bmal1 increased phosphorylation of AKT, ERK-1/2, PDK1, mTOR, PTEN, GSK-3αβ, and p70S6K. In contrast, inhibition of Bmal1 resulted in decreased phosphorylation of these proteins, which the effect of melatonin on these signaling molecules was not affected by the absence of Bmal1. Besides, the inhibition of PI3K/AKT decreased Bmal1 expression and the effect of melatonin on Bmal1 after both OGD in vitro and focal cerebral ischemia in vivo. Our data demonstrate that melatonin controls the expression of Bmal1 via PI3K/AKT signaling, and Bmal1 plays critical roles in cellular survival via activation of survival kinases.
hASH1 nuclear localization persists in neuroendocrine transdifferentiated prostate cancer cells, even upon reintroduction of androgen
Authors: Fraser Jennifer A. , Sutton Joseph E. , Tazayoni Saba , Bruce Isla , Poole Amy V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNeuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is thought to arise as prostate adenocarcinoma cells transdifferentiate into neuroendocrine (NE) cells to escape potent anti-androgen therapies however, the exact molecular events accompanying NE transdifferentiation and their plasticity remain poorly defined. Cell fate regulator ASCL1/hASH1’s expression was markedly induced in androgen deprived (AD) LNCaP cells and prominent nuclear localisation accompanied acquisition of the NE-like morphology and expression of NE markers (NSE). By contrast, androgen-insensitive PC3 and DU145 cells displayed clear nuclear hASH1 localisation under control conditions that was unchanged by AD, suggesting AR signalling negatively regulated hASH1 expression and localisation. Synthetic androgen (R1881) prevented NE transdifferentiation of AD LNCaP cells and markedly suppressed expression of key regulators of lineage commitment and neurogenesis (REST and ASCL1/hASH1). Post-AD, NE LNCaP cells rapidly lost NE-like morphology following R1881 treatment, yet ASCL1/hASH1 expression was resistant to R1881 treatment and hASH1 nuclear localisation remained evident in apparently dedifferentiated LNCaP cells. Consequently, NE cells may not fully revert to an epithelial state and retain key NE-like features, suggesting a “hybrid” phenotype. This could fuel greater NE transdifferentiation, therapeutic resistance and NEPC evolution upon subsequent androgen deprivation. Such knowledge could facilitate CRPC tumour stratification and identify targets for more effective NEPC management.