bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating and sustaining virtual language communities
Authors: Lomicka Lara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDuring Covid‐19, educators have been forced to quickly and creatively rethink teaching practices and the education of future generations. Community is a key consideration in reconceptualizing how the traditional classroom might function successfully in an online space. How does the virtual community of language learners interact with each other and with the instructor? What practices might enable the online community to bond, develop a sense of trust, feel comfortable sharing information, and set goals together? The development of a social presence in communities of language learners is crucial to maintaining a sense of connectedness in the virtual classroom. This article discusses why it is critical to establish a virtual language community and provides practical implications for creating virtual presence and engaging students in these virtual communities.
Zooming out of the crisis: Language and human collaboration
Authors: Guillén Gabriel , Sawin Thor , Avineri Netta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLanguage teachers are often masters of using the physical space in their language classrooms, rearranging furniture, groups, and artifacts to facilitate meaningful encounters with and among learners. Indeed, during the COVID‐19 crisis, many language teachers are sharing that these human encounters—reading learners' needs through body language, moving in and out of conversations, or engaging each other face‐to‐face—are the biggest felt loss in their emergent digital language classrooms. Yet, the new digital realities do not necessarily mean that teachers must sacrifice real collaboration among their learners. Digital tools were often designed to explicitly facilitate multimodal collaboration, and, with a wider variety of humans and human stories than may be found within the four walls of the typical classroom. This article aims to help language teachers facilitate more diverse interactions in the target language through the use of tools, spaces, and strategies that can be easily incorporated into our digital classrooms. We describe three categories of such activities (mobile‐assisted learning, tandem learning, and service‐learning) and explain how these can be most effectively incorporated into an online language class.
Partitioning net carbon dioxide fluxes into photosynthesis and respiration using neural networks
Authors: Tramontana Gianluca , Migliavacca Mirco , Jung Martin , Reichstein Markus , Keenan Trevor F. , Camps‐Valls Gustau , Ogee Jerome , Verrelst Jochem , Papale Dario 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe eddy covariance (EC) technique is used to measure the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 between ecosystems and the atmosphere, offering a unique opportunity to study ecosystem responses to climate change. NEE is the difference between the total CO2 release due to all respiration processes (RECO), and the gross carbon uptake by photosynthesis (GPP). These two gross CO2 fluxes are derived from EC measurements by applying partitioning methods that rely on physiologically based functional relationships with a limited number of environmental drivers. However, the partitioning methods applied in the global FLUXNET network of EC observations do not account for the multiple co‐acting factors that modulate GPP and RECO flux dynamics. To overcome this limitation, we developed a hybrid data‐driven approach based on combined neural networks (NNC‐part). NNC‐part incorporates process knowledge by introducing a photosynthetic response based on the light‐use efficiency (LUE) concept, and uses a comprehensive dataset of soil and micrometeorological variables as fluxes drivers. We applied the method to 36 sites from the FLUXNET2015 dataset and found a high consistency in the results with those derived from other standard partitioning methods for both GPP (R2 > .94) and RECO (R2 > .8). High consistency was also found for (a) the diurnal and seasonal patterns of fluxes and (b) the ecosystem functional responses. NNC‐part performed more realistic than the traditional methods for predicting additional patterns of gross CO2 fluxes, such as: (a) the GPP response to VPD, (b) direct effects of air temperature on GPP dynamics, (c) hysteresis in the diel cycle of gross CO2 fluxes, (d) the sensitivity of LUE to the diffuse to direct radiation ratio, and (e) the post rain respiration pulse after a long dry period. In conclusion, NNC‐part is a valid data‐driven approach to provide GPP and RECO estimates and complementary to the existing partitioning methods.
Logistical geographies
Authors: Coe Neil M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough logistics are fundamentally geographical and of critical importance to contemporary society, it is only relatively recently that human geographers and cognate social scientists have started to meaningfully engage with the topic. This paper explores this recent growth of interest, which encompasses the work of transport geographers, economic geographers, labour geographers, mobilities scholars and critical logistics scholars. It synthesises, reviews and evaluates this research around four themes: logistics, cities and regional development; logistics and global production networks; logistics labour; and infrastructure, power and violence. These themes are presented in the loose order in which they have emerged in the literature; while these topics have originated in particular sub‐disciplines, important conversations are now starting to emerge between different kinds of scholars both within and across these themes. These conversations have also increasingly connected geographers into vibrant interdisciplinary debates involving researchers from political science, sociology, anthropology, labour studies, and architecture and planning, among others.
Critical appraisal of the International Prophylaxis Study Group magnetic resonance image scale for evaluating haemophilic arthropathy
Authors: Tolend Mirkamal , Majeed Haris , Soliman Magdy , Daruge Paulo , Bordalo‐Rodrigues Marcelo , Dertkigil Sergio San Juan , Gibikote Sridhar , Keshava Shyamkumar N. , Stimec Jennifer , Dunn Amy , Li Ying‐Jia , Blanchette Victor , Lundin Björn , Doria Andrea S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA goal of the International Prophylaxis Study Group (IPSG) is to provide an accurate instrument to measure MRI‐based disease severity of haemophilic arthropathy at various time points, so that longitudinal changes in disease severity can be identified to support decisions on treatment management. We review and discuss in this paper the evaluative purpose of the IPSG MRI scale in relation to its development and validation processes so far. We also critically appraise the validity, reliability and responsiveness of using the IPSG MRI scale in different clinical and research settings, and whenever applicable, compare these clinimetric properties of the IPSG MRI scale with those of its precursors, the compatible additive and progressive MRI scales.
Long‐term safety and sustained efficacy for up to 5 years of treatment with recombinant factor IX Fc fusion protein in subjects with haemophilia B: Results from the B‐YOND extension study
Authors: Pasi K. John , Fischer Kathelijn , Ragni Margaret , Kulkarni Roshni , Ozelo Margareth C. , Mahlangu Johnny , Shapiro Amy , P’Ng Stephanie , Chambost Hervé , Nolan Beatrice , Bennett Carolyn , Matsushita Tadashi , Winding Bent , Fruebis Joachim , Yuan Huixing , Rudin Dan , Oldenburg Johannes 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionRecombinant factor IX Fc fusion protein (rFIXFc) has demonstrated efficacy for treatment of haemophilia B in the Phase 3 B‐LONG and Kids B‐LONG studies. However, long‐term rFIXFc safety and efficacy data have not yet been reported.AimTo report long‐term rFIXFc safety and efficacy in subjects with haemophilia B.MethodsB‐YOND (NCT01425723) was an open‐label extension for eligibl previously treated subjects who completed B‐LONG or Kids B‐LONG. Subjects received ≥1 treatment regimen: weekly prophylaxis (WP), individualized interval prophylaxis (IP), modified prophylaxis or episodic treatment. Subjects could switch regimens at any time. The primary endpoint was inhibitor development.ResultsNinety‐three subjects from B‐LONG and 27 from Kids B‐LONG (aged 3‐63 years) were enrolled. Most subjects received WP (B‐LONG: n = 51; Kids B‐LONG: n = 23). For subjects from B‐LONG, median (range) treatment duration was 4.0 (0.3‐5.4) years and median (range) number of exposure days (EDs) was 146 (8‐462) EDs. Corresponding values for paediatric subjects were 2.6 (0.2‐3.9) years and 132 (50‐256) EDs. No inhibitors were observed (0 per 1000 subject‐years; 95% confidence interval, 0‐8.9) and the overall rFIXFc safety profile was consistent with prior studies. Annualized bleed rates remained low and extended‐dosing intervals were maintained for most subjects. Median dosing interval for the IP group was approximately 14 days for adults and adolescents (n = 31) and 10 days for paediatric subjects (n = 5).ConclusionsB‐YOND results confirm the long‐term (up to 5 years, with cumulative duration up to 6.5 years) well‐characterized safety and efficacy of rFIXFc treatment for haemophilia B.
Clinical outcomes after first‐line HIV treatment failure in South Africa: the next cascade of care
Authors: Iwuji CC , Shahmanesh M , Koole O , Herbst K , Pillay D , Siedner MJ , Baisley K ,   the H‐DREAM Network
Published: June 2020

IntroductionThere is limited literature on the appropriateness of viral load (VL) monitoring and management of detectable VL in public health settings in rural South Africa.MethodsWe analysed data captured in the electronic patient register from HIV‐positive patients ≥ 15 years old initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 17 public sector clinics in rural KwaZulu‐Natal, during 2010–2016. We estimated the completion rate for VL monitoring at 6, 12, and 24 months. We described the cascade of care for those with any VL measurement ≥ 1000 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL after ≥ 20 weeks on ART, including the following proportions: (1) repeat VL within 6 months; (2) re‐suppressed; (3) switched to second‐line regimen.ResultsThere were 29 384 individuals who initiated ART during the period [69% female, median age 31 years (interquartile range 25–39)]. Of those in care at 6, 12, and 24 months, 40.7% (9861/24 199), 34% (7765/22 807), and 25.5% (4334/16 965) had a VL test at each recommended time‐point, respectively. The VL results were documented at all recommended time‐points for 12% (2730/22 807) and 6.2% (1054/16 965) of ART‐treated patients for 12 and 24 months, respectively. Only 391 (18.3%) of 2135 individuals with VL ≥ 1000 copies/mL on first‐line ART had a repeat VL documenting re‐suppression or were appropriately changed to second‐line with persistent failure. Completion of the treatment failure cascade occurred a median of 338 days after failure was detected.ConclusionWe found suboptimal VL monitoring and poor responses to virologic failure in public‐sector ART clinics in rural South Arica. Implications include increased likelihood of morbidity and transmission of drug‐resistant HIV.
Features of dermatofibroma in reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Pogorzelska‐Antkowiak Anna , Wcisło‐Dziadecka Dominika , Brzezińska‐Wcisło Ligia , Pawlicki Krzysztof , Antkowiak Ryszard , Corneli Paola 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDermatofibroma (DF) is a common benign skin lesion in a majority of cases located on the legs or upper limbs. The etiology of DF is still unclear.ObjectivesReflectance confocal microscopy features of DF were described.MethodsForty patients with DF diagnosis confirmed by dermoscopy were examined using reflectance confocal microscopy VivaScope 1500 from March 2018 to April 2019.ResultsDF was more common in females (80%) than males (20%). Thirty‐six lesions (90%) were located on the limbs while four (10%) were on the trunk. Dermoscopically, 18 lesions (45%) revealed typical features: central white area with a brown network in the periphery. Twenty‐two DFs (55%) were found with a central white patch and globular‐like structures, surrounded by a thin brown network. In reflectance confocal microscopy, all revealed a typical honeycombed pattern, although in some cases (30%), streaming was observed. In two lesions (5%) in epidermis, few dendritic cells were observed, and one DF revealed roundish pagetoid cells (2.5%). The dermoepidermal junction (DEJ) in all lesions was abounded in dilated vessels. The most common observable feature of DF was bright “rings” composed of monomorphic, regular cells surrounding dark dermal papillae. In five lesions (12.5%), rings were “double” because of exceptionally pigmented DF.ConclusionReflectance confocal microscopy enables us to describe microscopic features of DF. There are four confocal microscopic features observable in each DF: in the epidermis, normal honeycombed pattern, sometimes with local streaming, in DEJ, edged papillae, bright rings, and dilated vessels.
A systematic and psychometric review of tests measuring nurses' wound care knowledge
Authors: Kielo Emilia , Suhonen Riitta , Ylönen Minna , Viljamaa Jaakko , Wahlroos Niina , Stolt Minna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWound care is an important realm of nurses' clinical responsibilities, and a broad knowledge and range of skills are needed to perform efficient and safe patient care. Nurses' knowledge on this matter can be measured using knowledge tests. This study aims to identify, define, and analyse the knowledge tests developed for the measurement of nurses' wound care knowledge, and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the tests. This study was a systematic literature review. A total of 52 studies and 18 instruments were found. Of the 18 instruments, only 5 had been used more than once and were successful in a psychometric evaluation. These five instruments were analysed on the basis of their psychometric properties by using Zwakhalen et al.'s (2006) psychometric testing framework. According to the analysis, the Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Test (PUKT) and the Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Assessment Tool (PUKAT) were the most valid and reliable instruments for measuring nurses' wound care knowledge. Most of the instruments identified and analysed focused on pressure ulcers, indicating that future instruments could focus more on other types of wounds or on wound care in general in order to receive a broader understanding of nurses' wound care knowledge.
Long‐term effectiveness of the Diabetes Conversation Map™ Program on health outcomes: A case–control retrospective cohort study
Authors: Srulovici Einav , Leventer‐Roberts Maya , Curtis Bradley , He Xuanyao , Hoshen Moshe , Rotem Mina , Reges Orna , Key Calanit , Levin‐Iaina Nomy , Strizek Alena , Feldman Becca 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the clinical and health behavioural outcomes of a large sample of participants from the Diabetes Conversation Map™ Program.DesignA matched‐case–control study that was performed on a retrospective cohort study.MethodsParticipants were 11,053 Clalit Health Services members with type 2 diabetes who enrolled in the Diabetes Conversation Map™ Program between January 2010 ‐ April 2016. The matched‐control group was formulated using sequential matching, by matching cases to controls at a ratio of 1:3, based on age, sex, and HbA1c level. The associations between the programme group and annual clinical and health behaviours were assessed between cases and controls at five time points using linear and Poisson regression analyses.ResultsThe intervention group had significantly lower HbA1c, glucose, and low‐density lipoprotein levels and more frequent glucose blood testing each year up to 36 month post‐enrolment compared with the matched controls. Other outcomes were significantly different for shorter time periods, including higher high‐density lipoprotein and lower triglyceride levels at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up and lower diastolic blood pressure and greater medication adherence at 6‐month follow‐up.ConclusionsEnrolment in the programme was associated with improved clinical and health behaviour outcomes for at least 6 months and most outcomes persisted for up to 36 months.ImpactThis is the first study to evaluate the Diabetes Conversation Map™ Program with a large sample over long period of time. This nurse‐led group intervention evaluation adds to the literature on health outcomes on the lives of patients with type 2 diabetes.Study registrationThis study was registered retrospectively to the Open Science Framework, the registration form can be found at: https://osf.io/63cse
The GDF‐5 mutant M1673 exerts robust anabolic and anti‐catabolic effects in chondrocytes
Authors: Mang Tanja , Kleinschmidt‐Dörr Kerstin , Ploeger Frank , Lindemann Sven , Gigout Anne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF‐5) is known to play a key role in cartilage morphogenesis and homeostasis, and a single‐nucleotide polymorphism in its promoter sequence was found to be associated with osteoarthritis (OA). In addition, GDF‐5 was shown to promote extracellular matrix (ECM) production in healthy chondrocytes, to stimulate chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and to protect against OA progression in vivo. Therefore, GDF‐5 appears to be a promising treatment for osteoarthritis. However, GDF‐5 also promotes osteogenesis and hypertrophy, limiting its therapeutic utility. To circumvent this, a GDF‐5 mutant with lower hypertrophic and osteogenic properties was engineered: M1673. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of GDF‐5 and M1673 on primary porcine and human OA chondrocytes. We found that both GDF‐5 and M1673 can robustly stimulate ECM accumulation, type II collagen and aggrecan expression in porcine and human OA chondrocytes in 3D culture. In addition, both molecules also down‐regulated MMP13 and ADAMTS5 expression. These results suggest that M1673 retained the anabolic and anti‐catabolic effects of GDF‐5 on chondrocytes and is an alternative to GDF‐5 for osteoarthritis.
The Ability of Tetrahymena utriculariae (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) to Colonize Traps of Different Species of Aquatic Carnivorous Utricularia
Authors: Sirová Dagmara , Kreidlová Veronika , Adamec Lubomír , Vrba Jaroslav 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe host specificity of the recently described ciliate species Tetrahymena utriculariae was tested in a greenhouse growth experiment, which included 14 different species of aquatic Utricularia as potential host plants. We confirmed the high specificity of the interaction between U. reflexa and T. utriculariae, the former being the only tested host species able to maintain colonization for prolonged time periods. We conclude that this plant–microbe relationship is a unique and specialized form of digestive mutualism and the plant–microbe unit a suitable experimental system for future ecophysiological studies.
Microbial inspection of a Vietnamese hospital kitchen with reference to a Japanese hospital kitchen
Authors: Chi Nguyen Thi Quynh , Lan Nguyen Thi Huong , Toyama Kenji , Mukai Yuuka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to assess food safety in a Vietnamese hospital kitchen with reference to a Japanese hospital, where hygiene management is well implemented. Microbial inspections, including general viable bacteria count, coliform, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) counts were conducted on 10 cookware items, facility equipment, and 14 cooked foods at the two hospital kitchens in Vietnam and Japan. The mean general viable bacteria counts found on cookware and equipment in the Vietnamese hospital kitchen were significantly higher than those in the Japanese kitchen. Furthermore, the frequencies of both general viable bacteria at more than 100 CFU/10 cm2 and coliform/E. coli‐positive were significantly higher in the Vietnamese kitchen than in the Japanese kitchen. Coliform bacteria and E. coli were detected in cooked foods in the Vietnamese, but not in the Japanese, hospital kitchen. In light of these results, some key points are suggested to improve the microbial safety status of hospital kitchens in Vietnam.
Recovery from Severe Disability that Develops Progressively Versus Catastrophically: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Intervening Events
Authors: Gill Thomas M. , Gahbauer Evelyne A. , Leo‐Summers Linda , Murphy Terrence E. 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUNDFew prior studies have evaluated recovery after the onset of severe disability or have distinguished between the two subtypes of severe disability.OBJECTIVESTo identify the risk factors and intervening illnesses and injuries (i.e., events) that are associated with reduced recovery after episodes of progressive and catastrophic severe disability.DESIGNProspective longitudinal study of 754 nondisabled community‐living persons, aged 70 years or older.SETTINGGreater New Haven, CT, March 1998 to December 2016.PARTICIPANTSA total of 431 episodes of severe disability were evaluated from 385 participants: 116 progressive (115 participants) and 315 catastrophic (270 participants).MEASUREMENTSCandidate risk factors were assessed every 18 months. Functional status and exposure to intervening events leading to hospitalization, emergency department visit, or restricted activity were assessed each month. Severe disability was defined as the need for personal assistance with three or more of four essential activities of daily living. Recovery was defined as return to independent function (no disability) within 6 months of developing severe disability.RESULTSRecovery occurred among 35.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 26.0%–48.0%) and 61.6% (95% CI = 53.5%–70.9%) of the 116 progressive and 315 catastrophic severe disability episodes, respectively. In the multivariable analyses, lives alone, frailty, and intervening hospitalization were each independently associated with reduced recovery from progressive disability, with adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) of 0.31 (0.15–0.64), 0.23 (0.12–0.45), and 0.27 (0.08–0.95), respectively, whereas low functional self‐efficacy, intervening restricted activity, and intervening hospitalization were each independently associated with reduced recovery from catastrophic disability, with adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) of 0.56 (0.40–0.81), 0.55 (0.35–0.85), and 0.45 (0.31–0.66), respectively.CONCLUSIONSRecovery of independent function is considerably more likely after the onset of catastrophic than progressive severe disability, the risk factors for reduced recovery differ between progressive and catastrophic severe disability, and subsequent exposure to intervening illnesses and injuries considerably diminishes the likelihood of recovery from both subtypes of severe disability.