bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tax enforcement interactions among Chinese provinces: A frontier and spatial analysis
Authors: Chen Longjin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSpatial interactions in tax policy have been examined intensively for developed countries. This study presents new evidence of tax enforcement interactions from a developing country. A trend of intensified enforcement on the corporate income tax (CIT) over time is identified among Chinese provinces. Additionally, stringent CIT enforcement in neighboring provinces enhances CIT enforcement in the surrounded province. Furthermore, tax enforcement interactions involve both the state and local tax authorities. The findings not only help to understand the Chinese “regionally decentralized authoritarian system,” but also echo second‐generation fiscal federalism that highlights the role of institutional incentives in shaping intergovernmental fiscal relations.
Impact of antiviral therapy on risk prediction model for hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Chon Hye Yeon , Lee Jae Seung , Lee Hye Won , Chun Ho Soo , Kim Beom Kyung , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Kim Seung Up 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimRisk prediction models for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development are available. However, the influence of antiviral therapy (AVT) on these models in patients with chronic hepatitis B is unknown.MethodsThe dynamic changes in risk prediction models during AVT and the association between risk prediction model and the risk of chronic hepatitis B‐related HCC development were investigated. Between 2005 and 2017, 4917 patients with chronic hepatitis B (3361 noncirrhotic, 1556 cirrhotic) were recruited.ResultsThe mean age of the study population was 49.3 years and 60.6% (n = 2980) of the patients were male. The mean Chinese University‐HCC (CU‐HCC) score was 12.7 at baseline in the overall study population, and decreased significantly (mean, 8.7) after 1 year of AVT (p < 0.001). The score was maintained throughout 5 years of AVT (mean, 8.4–8.8; p > 0.05). The proportion of high‐risk patients (CU‐HCC score ≥ 20) was 28.9% at baseline, and decreased significantly after 1 year of AVT (5.0%; p < 0.001), and remained stable through 5 years of AVT (2.2%–3.6%; p > 0.05). In addition to the score at baseline, the CU‐HCC score at 1 year of AVT independently predicted the risk of HCC development (hazard ratio = 1.072; p < 0.001), together with male gender and platelet count (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe CU‐HCC score significantly decreased at 1 year of AVT and was maintained thereafter. The CU‐HCC score after 1 year of AVT independently predicted the risk of HCC development in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
Double Empirical Bayes Testing
Authors: Tansey Wesley , Wang Yixin , Rabadan Raul , Blei David 
Published: November 2020

SummaryAnalysing data from large‐scale, multiexperiment studies requires scientists to both analyse each experiment and to assess the results as a whole. In this article, we develop double empirical Bayes testing (DEBT), an empirical Bayes method for analysing multiexperiment studies when many covariates are gathered per experiment. DEBT is a two‐stage method: in the first stage, it reports which experiments yielded significant outcomes and in the second stage, it hypothesises which covariates drive the experimental significance. In both of its stages, DEBT builds on the work of Efron, who laid out an elegant empirical Bayes approach to testing. DEBT enhances this framework by learning a series of black box predictive models to boost power and control the false discovery rate. In Stage 1, it uses a deep neural network prior to report which experiments yielded significant outcomes. In Stage 2, it uses an empirical Bayes version of the knockoff filter to select covariates that have significant predictive power of Stage 1 significance. In both simulated and real data, DEBT increases the proportion of discovered significant outcomes and selects more features when signals are weak. In a real study of cancer cell lines, DEBT selects a robust set of biologically plausible genomic drivers of drug sensitivity and resistance in cancer.
Anti–coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) targets and mechanisms of puerarin
Authors: Qin Xingyue , Huang Chen , Wu Ka , Li Yu , Liang Xiao , Su Min , Li Rong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed to uncover the pharmacological function and underlying mechanism of puerarin as a potential treatment for COVID‐19, using an in silico methodology, including network pharmacology and molecular docking. The pivotal targets of puerarin to treat COVID‐19 were identified and included the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), tumour protein p53 (TP53), caspase 3 (CASP3), RELA proto‐oncogene (RELA), Fos proto‐oncogene (FOS), caspase 8 (CASP8), prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), interleukin 2 (IL2), protein kinase CB (PRKCB), B cell lymphoma/leukaemia gene‐2 (BCL2), protein kinase CA (PRKCA), nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma (PPARG). Functionally, the anti–COVID‐19 action of puerarin was associated with the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammatory cascades, and cell apoptosis. The signalling pathways of puerarin to treat COVID‐19 included modulation of the pathways of apoptosis, IL‐17 signalling, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling and TNF signalling. Molecular docking data illustrated the binding capacity of puerarin with COVID‐19 and the effective anti–COVID‐19 activity of puerarin. Taken together, our current network pharmacology–based findings revealed the pharmacological role of puerarin in the treatment of COVID‐19. Furthermore, the bioinformatic findings elucidated that some of these pivotal targets might serve as potential molecular markers for detecting COVID‐19.
Parenting in Postdivorce Families: The Influence of Residence, Repartnering, and Gender
Authors: Koster Tara , Poortman Anne‐Rigt , van der Lippe Tanja , Kleingeld Pauline 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThis study investigates the role of residence (including shared residence), repartnering (including LAT relationships), and additional children (step‐ and half‐siblings) on parenting in postdivorce families, and whether patterns differ by gender and type of parenting behavior.BackgroundPatterns of parenting are indicative of how parents redefine their roles and responsibilities after divorce and repartnering, but extant research has largely overlooked parenting across a full array of postdivorce families.MethodThe analyses were based on data from Wave 2 of the New Families in the Netherlands survey, which was conducted among a random sample of divorced or separated heterosexual parents with minor children (N = 2,778).ResultsResidence was highly relevant for parenting in regular care, leisure, irregular care, and influence in child‐related decision‐making. Repartnering and additional children had smaller effects and it mattered which type of parenting behavior was considered, but they were generally associated with lower parental engagement, except for decision‐making influence. Gender differences were only found for decision‐making influence, showing that variations in parenting across residence arrangements or between repartnered or single parents were more pronounced for mothers than fathers.ConclusionResidence was more strongly related to parenting than repartnering, and the strength and nature of associations varied between parenting behaviors. Influence in decision‐making stood out as a distinct parenting behavior, and also the frequency and obligatory nature of parent–child activities mattered.
Effects of pimobendan on left atrial transport function in cats
Authors: Kochie Samantha L. , Schober Karsten E. , Rhinehart Jaylyn , Winter Randolph L. , Bonagura John D. , Showers Annie , Yildez Vedat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundArterial thromboembolism is a sequela of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in cats related to left atrial (LA) enlargement and dysfunction.HypothesisPimobendan improves LA transport function in cats.AnimalsTwenty‐two client‐owned cats with HCM and 11 healthy cats.MethodsProspective, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical cohort study. Cats were randomized to receive either pimobendan (0.25 mg/kg PO q12h) or placebo for 4 to 7 days. Nineteen echocardiographic variables of LA size and function were evaluated. Statistical comparisons included t tests, analysis of variance, and multivariable analyses.ResultsPeak velocity of left auricular appendage flow (LAapp peak; mean ± SD, 0.85 ± 0.20 vs 0.71 ± 0.22 m/s; P = .01), maximum LA volume (P = .03), LA total emptying volume (P = .03), peak velocity of late diastolic transmitral flow (A peak velocity; 0.77 ± 0.12 vs 0.62 ± 0.17 m/s; P = .05), and A velocity time integral (A VTI; 3.05 ± 0.69 vs 3.37 ± 0.49; P = .05) were increased after pimobendan. Mean change after pimobendan was larger in cats with HCM compared to healthy cats for LA fractional shortening (2.1% vs −2.1%; P = .05), A VTI (0.58 vs 0.01 cm; P = .01), LAapp peak (0.20 vs 0.02 m/s; P = .02), LA kinetic energy (3.51 vs −0.10 kdynes‐cm; P = .05), and LA ejection force (1.93 vs −0.07 kdynes; P = .01) in the multivariable model. The stronger effect of pimobendan in cats with HCM was independent of LA size.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWe identified positive, albeit minor, effects of pimobendan on LA function in cats with HCM. Whether or not treatment with pimobendan decreases the risk of cardiogenic embolism deserves further study.
Inverse scattering transform for the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation with counterpropagating flows
Authors: Biondini Gino , Lottes Jonathan , Mantzavinos Dionyssios 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe inverse scattering transform for the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation is presented for a general class of initial conditions whose asymptotic behavior at infinity consists of counterpropagating waves. The formulation takes into account the branched nature of the two asymptotic eigenvalues of the associated scattering problem. The Jost eigenfunctions and scattering coefficients are defined explicitly as single‐valued functions on the complex plane with jump discontinuities along certain branch cuts. The analyticity properties, symmetries, discrete spectrum, asymptotics, and behavior at the branch points are discussed explicitly. The inverse problem is formulated as a matrix Riemann‐Hilbert problem with poles. Reductions to all cases previously discussed in the literature are explicitly discussed. The scattering data associated to a few special cases consisting of physically relevant Riemann problems are explicitly computed.
Residual and local influence analyses for unit gamma regressions
Authors: S. Rocha Suelena , L. Espinheira Patrícia , Cribari‐Neto Francisco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe obtain local influence measures and residuals for the unit gamma regression model. In particular, we introduce four residuals that are based on Fisher's iterative scoring parameter estimation algorithm and develop local influence analysis based on several different perturbation schemes: cases weighting, response additive perturbation, and covariate(s) additive perturbation. An empirical application in which variables related to education and investment in research and development are used to explain the proportion of nonpoor people in a set of countries is presented and discussed. Residual and local influence analyses show that the unit gamma regression model yields a good fit to the data, even outperforming the beta regression model. The diagnostic analysis singles out countries whose data are worthy of further investigation. Our results reveal that lower poverty levels are associated with higher shares of investment in high technology. The statistical significance of such a relationship is not sensitive to atypical data points.
Training for health ministry: Design and implementation of library resources to incorporate health education and promotion into theological education
Authors: Fuller Tyler J. , Bogue Sarah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis case study leverages existing library assets and curated educational resources for students, pastors, and health ministers by seeking to increase their understandings of how religion intersects with, and informs, health education and promotion, and public health more broadly, while equipping them with tools to engage in important conversations about health ministry. This article describes and evaluates a library‐based research guide that is a replicable model for collaborative ministerial training about engaging, evaluating, and participating in health education and promotion, which is a vital component of theological education. Much of the pedagogical conversation around religion and health within theological and religious studies has focused on the ways that religion assists in the socio‐cultural construction of health and healing. This case study expands on this conversation by detailing how seminary students, pastors, and health ministers can also use public health knowledge to better provide services to their congregations and communities. This model provides long‐term, publicly‐available, asynchronous access to these materials, making it a valuable resource for theology schools.
Pregnancy cohorts and biobanking in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Bone Jeffrey N , Pickerill Kelly , Woo Kinshella Mai-Lei , Vidler Marianne , Craik Rachel , Poston Lucilla , Stones William , Sevene Esperanca , Temmerman Marleen , Koech Etyang Angela , Roca Anna , Russell Donna , Tribe Rachel M , von Dadelszen Peter , Magee Laura A 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundTechnological advances and high throughput biological assays can facilitate discovery science in biobanks from population cohorts, including pregnant women. Biological pathways associated with health outcomes differ depending on geography, and high-income country data may not generalise to low-resource settings. We conducted a systematic review to identify prospective pregnancy cohorts in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) that include biobanked samples with potential to enhance discovery science opportunity.MethodsInclusion criteria were prospective data collection during pregnancy, with associated biobanking in SSA. Data sources included: scientific databases (with comprehensive search terms), grey literature, hand searching applicable reference lists and expert input. Results were screened in a three-stage process based on title, abstract and full text by two independent reviewers. The review is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019147483).ResultsFourteen SSA studies met the inclusion criteria from database searches (n=8), reference list searches (n=2) and expert input (n=4). Three studies have ongoing data collection. The most represented countries were South Africa and Mozambique (Southern Africa) (n=3), Benin (Western Africa) (n=4) and Tanzania (Eastern Africa) (n=4); including an estimated 31 763 women. Samples commonly collected were blood, cord blood and placenta. Seven studies collected neonatal samples. Common clinical outcomes included maternal and perinatal mortality, malaria and preterm birth.ConclusionsIncreasingly numerous pregnancy cohorts in SSA that include biobanking are generating a uniquely valuable resource for collaborative discovery science, and improved understanding of the high regional risks of maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Future studies should align protocols and consider their added value and distinct contributions.
Allocation of funding into blast injury-related research and blast traumatic brain injury between 2000 and 2019: analysis of global investments from public and philanthropic funders
Authors: Denny J W , Brown R J , Head M G , Batchelor J , Dickinson A S 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionThere is little systematic tracking or detailed analysis of investments in research and development for blast injury to support decision-making around research future funding.MethodsThis study examined global investments into blast injury-related research from public and philanthropic funders across 2000–2019. Research databases were searched using keywords, and open data were extracted from funder websites. Data collected included study title, abstract, award amount, funder and year. Individual awards were categorised to compare amounts invested into different blast injuries, the scientific approaches taken and analysis of research investment into blast traumatic brain injury (TBI).ResultsA total of 806 awards were identified into blast injury-related research globally, equating to US$902.1 million (m, £565.9m GBP). There was a general increase in year-on-year investment between 2003 and 2009 followed by a consistent decline in annual funding since 2010. Pre-clinical research received $671.3 m (74.4%) of investment. Brain-related injury research received $427.7 m (47.4%), orthopaedic injury $138.6 m (15.4%), eye injury $63.7 m (7.0%) and ear injury $60.5m (6.7%). Blast TBI research received a total investment of $384.3 m, representing 42.6% of all blast injury-related research. The U.S. Department of Defense funded $719.3 m (80%).ConclusionsInvestment data suggest that blast TBI research has received greater funding than other blast injury health areas. The funding pattern observed can be seen as reactive, driven by the response to the War on Terror, the rising profile of blast TBI and congressionally mandated research.
Is the perceived impact of disciplinary procedures on medical doctors’ professional practice associated with working in an open culture and feeling supported? A questionnaire among medical doctors in the Netherlands who have been disciplined
Authors: Laarman Berber S , Bouwman Renée J R , de Veer Anke J E , Friele Roland D 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionDisciplinary procedures can have a negative impact on the professional functioning of medical doctors. In this questionnaire study, doctors’ experience with open culture and support during a disciplinary procedure is studied to determine whether open culture and support are associated with perceived changes in the professional practice of doctors.MethodsAll doctors who received a warning or a reprimand from the Dutch Medical Disciplinary Board between July 2012 and August 2016 were invited to fill in a 60-item questionnaire concerning open culture, perceived support during the disciplinary procedure and the impact of the procedure on professional functioning as reported by doctors themselves. The response rate was 43% (n=294).ResultsA majority of doctors perceive their work environment as a safe environment in which to talk about and report incidents (71.2% agreed). Respondents felt supported by a lawyer or legal representative and colleagues (92.8% and 89.2%, respectively). The disciplinary procedure had effects on professional practice. Legal support and support from a professional confidant and a professional association were associated with fewer perceived changes to professional practice.ConclusionOur study shows that doctors who had been disciplined perceive their working environment as open. Doctors felt supported by lawyers and/or legal representatives and colleagues. Legal support was associated with less of a perceived impact on doctors’ professional practice.
Nurse-led, screening-triggered, early specialised palliative care intervention programme for patients with advanced lung cancer: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Fujisawa Daisuke , Umemura Shigeki , Okizaki Ayumi , Satomi Eriko , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Miyaji Tempei , Mashiko Tomoe , Kobayashi Naoko , Kinoshita Hiroya , Mori Masanori , Morita Tatsuya , Uchitomi Yosuke , Goto Koichi , Ohe Yuichiro , Matsumoto Yoshihisa 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionIt has been suggested that palliative care integrated into standard cancer treatment from the early phase of the disease can improve the quality of life of patients with cancer. In this paper, we present the protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of a nurse-led, screening-triggered, early specialised palliative care intervention programme for patients with advanced lung cancer.Methods and analysisA total of 206 patients will be randomised (1:1) to the intervention group or the control group (usual care). The intervention, triggered with a brief self-administered screening tool, comprises comprehensive need assessments, counselling and service coordination by advanced-level nurses. The primary outcome is the Trial Outcome Index of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) at 12 weeks. The secondary outcomes include participants’ quality of life (FACT-Lung), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), illness perception (Prognosis and Treatment Perceptions Questionnaire), medical service use and survival. A mixed-method approach is expected to provide an insight about how this intervention works.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Cancer Center Japan (approval number: 2016-235). The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations and will be reflected on to the national healthcare policy.Trial registration numberUMIN000025491.
Estimation of minimally important difference of the EQ-5D-5L utility scores among patients with either hypertension or diabetes or both: a cross-sectional study in Hong Kong
Authors: XU Richard Huan , WONG Eliza Lai-yi , CHEUNG Annie Wai-ling 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo estimate and report the minimally important difference (MID) of the EuroQol five-dimensional five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) using the Hong Kong (HK) utility score among patients with either hypertension or diabetes or both.DesignData were analysed using secondary data analysis based on a cross-sectional study assessing patients’ experiences in HK.SettingA representative sample was recruited from 26 specialist outpatient clinics in HK.ParticipantsWe analysed data from 2231 and 662 patients who reported having hypertension or diabetes alone, respectively, and 874 patients had these two diseases.InterventionAn instrument-defined approach was applied to estimate MID stratified according to sex and age for the three subpopulations.ResultsThe overall MID (oMID) estimates were 0.089, 0.086 and 0.089 for patients with hypertension or diabetes alone and with these two diseases, respectively. The adjusted MID (aMID) estimate was smaller than the oMID, and the improved MID was larger than the deteriorated MID. Women had larger oMID but smaller aMID than men. Younger respondents had larger aMID than older respondents. Effect sizes ranged from 0.30 to 0.503, which fit our preset criteria.ConclusionFour types of MID of the EQ-5D utility score for patients with hypertension or diabetes alone and with these two diseases were reported. Variations in the MID estimates should be further explored in other populations or using different statistical methods.