bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIAGNOSTIC EFFICACY OF MODIFIED ALVARADO SCORE OVER GRADDED COMPRESSION ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Authors: Dsouza Caren , Martis John , Vaidyanathan Vinay 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the commonest surgical emergencies. Despite a life time cumulative risk of nearly 7% its diagnosis remains a challenge. The risks of two primary outcomes must be balanced in the management of presumed appendicitis: perforation and misdiagnosis.The rate of misdiagnosis in certain populations is as high as 40%. Diagnostic aids like modified Alvarado score and ultrasonography can dramatically reduce the negative appendicectomies.
Methods:Data was collected from 60 patients with complains of right iliac fossa pain over a period of 9 months to our hospital. All patients were categorised using the Alvarado score and Graded compression ultrasonography was done. The preoperative and histological findings were compared with the preoperative diagnosis. The collected data was analysed with regards to various parameters like sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and diagnostic accuracy.
Results:In our study of 60 patients, 56 patients underwent appendicectomy out of which a histological confirmation of appendicitis was obtained for 50 patients, giving a negative appendicectomy rate of 12%.By taking a cut-off point of 7 for the Modified Alvarado score, a sensitivity of 97.56%, specificity of 66.67%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 95.23%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 80% and accuracy of 87.2% were calculated. Using the cut-off point of 6, a sensitivity of 90% specificity of 50%, PPV of 69.23%, NPV of 80% and accuracy of 55.56% were obtained. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy rate of ultrasonography was 92.15%, 88.9%, 97.19%, 66.7% and 85%, respectively.
Conclusion:The presence of a modified Alvarado score > 7 was found to be a dependable aid in the preoperative diagnosis of acute appendicitis. In cases where the score was negative or equivocal, ultrasonography greatly helped in the diagnosis thereby reducing the incidence of negative appendicectomies.
PCR: A FAST DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION FOR SPINAL TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Kumar M. Ajith , R. Kini Abhishek , A. Shetty Veena , M. Shantharam Shetty 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPCR, as a new faster diagnostic modality for tuberculosis is slowly picking up in our country where nearly six million cases of tuberculosis exists, of which 3% are skeletal tuberculosis. Confirmation of diagnosis by traditional methods takes around couple of weeks and requires a high bacteriological load in the sample.We are presenting a spinal tuberculosis case where preoperative sample from the surgical empyema proved sufficient for definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis using PCR against hsp65 gene with nucleotide sequence specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.With this case report we have been able to bring about the advantages of PCR i.e. high specificity, early diagnosis and the ease of operations in PCR as compared to other traditional diagnostic modalities for tuberculosis.
SPONTANEOUS ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE - A CASE OF OCHRONOSIS
Authors: Shetty Sanath Kumar , R. Raj Sankar N. , P. Nirmal Babu , Mathias Lawrence J. , Bhat Shubha P. , Rai Ravindranath 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlkaptonuria is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterised by the absence of homogentisic acid oxidase and the subsequent accumulation of homogentisic acid, a metabolic product of the aromatic aminoacids phenylalanine and tyrosine; which is deposited in articular cartilages, intervertebral discs, sclera, tympanic membrane, tendons and ligaments leading to their degeneration. Here we describe a case of spontaneous rupture of Achilles tendon1,2,3 due to Ochronosis.
EVALUATION OF CERVICAL WEAR AND OCCLUSAL WEAR IN SUBJECTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS - A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Permi Shwethashri R , Bhandary Rahul , Thomas Biju 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTooth wear (attrition, erosion and abrasion) is perceived internationally as a growing problem. The loss of tooth substance at the cemento- enamel junction because of causes other than dental caries has been identified as non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) or cervical wear. NCCLs can lead to hypersensitivity, plaque retention, pulpal involvement, root fracture and aesthetic problems.Hence study was done to evaluate association of cervical wear with occlusal wear from clinical periodontal prospective in individuals with chronic periodontitis. Periodontal parameters like plaque index, gingival index, gingival recession and tooth mobility were assessed. The levels of cervical wear and occlusal wear were determined according to tooth wear index. Premolars were more likely to develop cervical wear than anterior teeth (incisors, canines) and molars. In conclusion, the significant association of cervical wear with the periodontal status suggested the role of abrasion and its possible combined action of erosion in the etiology of NCCLs.
POSITIVE ASPIRATION AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE DURING INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE BLOCK - A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Mohan Muralee , Jain Tarun , Prasad Rajendra , Sharma S M , T. Anju Gopinathan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and aims: It is a basic rule to aspirate before injection when giving an inferior alveolar nerve block because the local anaesthetic may fail if the injection is given into a blood vessel, and the local anaesthetic solution may have undesirable systemic effects. There are reports that indicate aspiration is not performed in every injection. The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence of intravascular needle entrance in inferior alveolar nerve block injections.
Patients and methods: Interns and postgraduates of our institute performed inferior alveolar nerve block injections using conventional technique in 250 patients undergoing minor oral surgical procedures. The results of aspiration were reported. Aspirable syringes and 27 gauge long needles were used, and the method of aspiration was similar in all cases.Data were analyzed using t-test.
Results: 20% of inferior alveolar nerve block injections were aspiration positive. Of all injections, 15.8% were intravascular on the right side and 14.8% were intravascular on the left. There were no statistically significant differences between right and left injection sites (P = 0.778). Between the ages of 9 and 19 the incidence of intravascular penetration was significantly greater than at other ages (10/28 compared with 39/222, P = 0.04).
Conclusion: Aspiration of the syringe after the needle had been placed in position for an inferior alveolar nerve block (but before the anaesthetic solution was injected) in 250 patients showed that the tip of the needle was in a blood vessel in 49 (20%). Aspiration of blood was significantly more common in patients aged 9–19 years than in all others (P=0.04). It seems that side of injection has no considerable effect in incidence of intravascular needle entrance.
EVALUATION OF HAZARDS OF WASTE MATERIALS IN CLINICS AND HOSPITALS: A RESEARCH
Authors: Srivastava Ram Kumar , Ali Iqbal , Wadhawani Puneet , Kumar Anand , Awasthi Praveen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWastes from the cities and villages cannot be avoided from man's existence. It is essential to safely put these unwanted or discarded material away, in the interest of the community. During human activities a lot of waste matter is produced due to various development project, industrialization and modernization of the community. In this study waste materials were collected from various hospitals and rural and urban residential areas. These wastes were divided into two main categories- Health care waste and domestic waste. The survey indicated 80% solid waste deals with the domestic and urban waste while only 20% deals with the health care waste. The health care waste is regarded hazardous and may cause a variety of health risk.
EFFECT OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ON KNOWLEDGE OF SELECTED VECTOR BORNE DISEASES AMONG THE SELF HELP GROUPS
Authors: Babu Neethu Maria , N. Shashidara Y ,   Manjula
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe study is conducted to assess the effect of community participation on knowledge of selected vector borne diseases among the self help groups. The sample include eight self help groups having 10 members each, with 40 in the experimental and control group each. Research approach was quantitative-evaluative approach and design used was quasi experimental pre test post test control group design. The study was carried out in two phases. In the first phase, the health teaching by the researcher was given to selected members of self help groups with a duration of 45 minutes and in the phase 2, these trained members gave health teaching to the other members of the self help groups. A leaflet was given to the control group. The post test knowledge was assessed over a period of 7 to 9 days after the intervention in both the phases. The community participation has found to be effective with a p value of.001. The study concluded that the community participation was effective in terms of knowledge gain.
INSCIENCE, DAY TO DAY STRUGGLE AND DISTRESS: LIVED EXPERIENCES OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LEG AND FOOT ULCER
Authors: P. Kirupa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChronic leg and foot ulcers leads to negative physical, physiological, social and psychological impact on clients and families, thus decreasing their quality of life. A qualitative study on experiences of person living with chronic venous ulcer in Sweden, reported that person living with chronic ulceration have experiencing the decreased wellbeing, pain and struggle between the hope and despair. In this study phenomenological design was used. Six participants were interviewed with interview schedule by the purposive sampling method. Lack of knowledge and ignorance, dressing and foot care, day to day struggle, discomforts, financial hardship, Emotional reaction and self-adaptive measures and supports were six themes identified in the Qualitative data analysis. It was reported that, feeling of fear, loneliness/sad were experienced by the patients. Severe pain in the wound site that interfere with day to day activities and produces stress in relation to meeting daily activities and difficulty in financial resources because of decreased work capacity and loss of job. The adaptive measures like massaging the around the wound, playing with children, doing small works in sitting position and accepting the situation, consuming alcohol and smoking were followed. Participant encountered herbal medicine worsens the leg ulcer. Results were highlighted the impact of the chronic leg and ulcer and psychological and emotional disturbances ignorance of adequate leg ulcer care inevitably increases the risk of amputation. Study recommended the intervention to deal the emotional disturbances in order to prevent the risk of distress and depression.
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC PRODUCTS REDUCES ANXIETY IN MICE AGAINST ELECTRON BEAM RADIATION INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS
Authors: N. Suchetha Kumari , N. Madhu L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Cortisol is a hormonal marker of stress which gets released into the blood by adrenal glands during a stressful situation. Mothers of children with autism will usually be experiencing great psychological trauma and therefore will be under high levels of stress. This stress might disturb the health and normal physiology of these mothers thus there is a need for study on the stress markers like cortisol in mothers of children with autism.
Materials and Methods: Saliva of 20 mothers of children with autism and 20 mothers of healthy children were collected during early hours of the day (8 – 8.30 am) and during evenings (4 – 4.15 pm) subjected for cortisol assay using ELISA test. RESULTS: Mothers of children with autism were found to have significantly lower levels of salivary cortisol throughout the day as compared to mothers of healthy children.
Conclusion: There is a need for interventions for mothers of children with autism
ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PATIENTS RECEIVING CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: R. Bincy , Chacko Beena 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Cancer treatment itself and particularly chemotherapy seems to be an important nutritional risk factor. Early nutritional assessment can identify problems to help patients increase or maintain weight, improve their response to treatment, and reduce complications.This study aimed to determine the nutritional status of patients receiving chemotherapy.
Methods: A prospective study was conducted among 30 subjects between 30 and 70 years of age diagnosed with cancer of various sites and scheduled for first cycle of chemotherapy. Nutritional status of each subject was assessed based on nutritional parameters i.e. Anthropometric [BMI (body mass index), MAMC (mid-arm muscle circumference), TSF (triceps skinfold thickness)], MAC (mid-arm circumference) and Biochemical [(Hb and Albumin)] measurements before the initiation of chemotherapy, and follow-up assessment was performed on the third week after the first cycle of chemotherapy.
Results: In this study it has been found that 90% of subjects suffered from weight loss after the first cycle of chemotherapy (3wks post treatment). The't' test showed a significant decrease in TSF [t=5.4(p0.01)] and MAC [t=6.86 (p<0.01)] before and after 3 weeks of chemotherapy. The't' test showed a decrease in MAMC, t=5.83(p<0.01) before and after 3 weeks of chemotherapy. The mean serum Albumin level of the patients before and after 3weeks of chemotherapy was 3.16±.50 g/dl and 3.07±.49 g/dl respectively. A significant decrease in albumin [t=4.17 at p<0.01 level] was observed in patients after chemotherapy. The mean haemoglobin level of the patients before and after 3weeks of chemotherapy was10.64±1.88 g/dl and10.41 ± 1.89 g/dl respectively, which showed a significant decrease [(t=13.32 at p<0.01 level)].
Conclusion: The nutritional status assessment must be carried out on each patient at the beginning and during the treatment. The cancer patients who are receiving chemotherapy are at risk of malnutrition.
COMPARATIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE STRESS AMONG WORKING AND NON-WORKING ANTENATAL MOTHERS IN SELECTED HOSPITALS OF UDUPI DISTRICT
Authors: Fernandes Maggie , Jose Binitha , Castelino Seema , Prabhu Sandhya , Kamath Pratibha , Kurian Nami 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA comparative study was conducted to assess the stress among working and non-working antenatal mothers in order to develop an information leaflet on antenatal stress management.
Materials & Methods: Descriptive survey study was conductedamong working and non-working (30 each) antenatal mothers between the age group of 18-40 years in three local hospitals of Udupi district. The stress was assessed using stress assessment scale and selected a purposive sampling technique.
Results: Data shows majority (47%) of the non-working antenatal mothers were in the age group of 18-25 years, 63% of them were primiparous mothers, among these (53%) were between 29-40 weeks of gestation. Most of the working (67%) participated were in the age group of 26-32 years, majority (73%) of them were moderate workers and primipara mothers, 57% of them were between 29-40 weeks of gestation. Stress assessment scale was used to assess the stress, 63% of working antenatal mothers sometimes felt that they had lack of strength, 67% of working and 50% of non-working antenatal mothers sometimes complaining of not getting adequate sleep at night, 50% of working antenatal mothers sometimes felt that they were lacking in socialization due to pregnancy. The t value showed that (p= 0.007) there was significant difference between working and non working antenatal mothers stress score.
Conclusion: Since all antenatal mothers participated in this study had mild stress and there was significant difference among working and non-working antenatal mothers stress score. The researchers concluded that antenatal mothers are at more risk of developing stress during pregnancy.
ROTATION OF UPPER LIMBS IN THE OVERWEIGHT
Authors: Kumar Arunachalam 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe human body's structure is remarkable in that it is basically uniform across the populations. Apart from a few dissimilarities in skin color and external features, at the visceral and microscopic levels, man is unusually identical. Minor ethnic variations, both acquired or congenital and atavistic traits apart, human morphology is universal.In this brief communication I present and discuss an observation made on the position of the free upper limb in the erect adult. It is seen that body weight influences forelimb position. In the stout, stocky and overweight, the upper limb is at rest, held medially rotated (axially); the degree of axial rotation being directly related to the increase in body weight.
DYSMENORRHOEA AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS - CHARACTERISTICS AND SYMPTOMS EXPERIENCED DURING MENSTRUATION
Authors: S. Nayana George , Priyadarshini Sangeetha , Shetty Sheela 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Dysmenorrhoea, recurrent cramping lower abdominal pain is one of the common problems experienced by many adolescent girls. The prevalence of dysmenorrhoea among adolescent girls ranges from 60 to 83 percent and many adolescence reported limitation on daily activities.
Method: A descriptive survey was conducted among 233 adolescent girls in four residential schools of Udupi district, Karnataka to identify dysmenorrhoea, characteristics and associated symptoms.
Results: The prevalence of dysmenorrhoea in adolescent girls was found to be 146(62.70%). Out of 233 samples 28(12%) had mild pain, 77(33%) had moderate pain and 41(17.6%) had severe pain during menstruation. Tiredness 110(75.34%), back pain 106(72.60%) and irritability 97(66.43%) were the most common symptoms associated with dysmenorrhoea. A positive association was found between dysmenorrhoea and family history.
Conclusion: Dysmenorrhoea is a very common problem among adolescent girls and they experience a number of physical, gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms. The findings of this study indicate the magnitude of the problem and the need for appropriate intervention through a change in lifestyle.
A CORRELATIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING AND SELF-ESTEEM AMONG ADULT CHILDREN OF MENTALLY ILL PARENT/S IN SELECTED HOSPITAL OF UDUPI DISTRICT
Authors: Jayakrishnan K. ,   Shalini,   Savitha
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Caregivers across the world, who are often unrecognised and under supported, are deeply and personally impacted by the care they provide. The recognition of high levels of caregiver morbidity demands a holistic approach and nurses need to be more responsive to the needs of carers and care-recipients rather than focussing on the patient alone. Aims and Objectives: to determine the psychological wellbeing of adult children with mentally ill parent/s, to assess the level of self-esteem of adult children of their mentally ill parent/s, and to find the relationship between psychological wellbeing and self-esteem.
Study design: descriptive correlational study design.
Methods and materials: study was conducted among 63 adult children of mentally ill parents by using convenient sampling technique. A survey approach was used for the study. Tools used for the study were Demographic Proforma, Psychological wellbeing scale, and Rosenberg's self-esteem scale.
Results: Majority, 35 (55.6%) of the samples were found to be having high psychological wellbeing. 27 (42.9%) of the samples were intermediate psychological wellbeing and only 1 (1.6%) participant was having low psychological wellbeing. Majority (68.3%) of the samples were found to be having normal self-esteem. (30.2%) of the samples were with low self-esteem and only (1.6%) participant was having high self-esteem. There is no significant correlation was found between psychological wellbeing and self-esteem (r = 0.044, p= 0.730).
FREQUENCY OF ABO AND RHESUS (D) BLOOD GROUPS IN DAKSHINA KANNADA DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA - A STUDY FROM RURAL TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN SOUTH INDIA
Authors: Rao Chandrika , Shetty Jayaprakash 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: ABO and Rh blood groups are most important blood groups in human beings. The frequency of four main blood group systems varies in population throughout the world and even in different parts of country. Objective if this study was to identify distribution of ABO and Rh blood group system.
Materials and methods: The study was conducted in rural tertiary care hospital from January 2008 to December 2012. Data were collected from Blood Bank grouping records. All blood samples processed during period of observation were included in study.
Results: During the period of observation total 43,103 numbers of blood groups were performed. Patient's samples were 28,305 and donor's samples were 14,798. The frequency of blood group O in our population was 42.0% (40.1% O Rh positive and 1.8% O Rh negative). The frequency of blood group B in our population was 27.3% (25.6% B Rh positive and 1.62% B Rh negative) followed by blood group A was 25.8% (24.3% A Rh positive and 1.4% A Rh negative) and blood group AB was 4.8% (4.4% AB Rh positive and 1.4% AB Rh negative) and a two Bombay blood group donors (0.0046%). Rh positive were 94.64% and Rh negative were 5.35%.
Discussion: O positive blood group is significantly high in our population. Every transfusion centre should have a record of frequency of blood group system in their population. It helps in inventory management. Knowledge of blood group distribution is important for clinical studies, for reliable geographical information and for forensic studies in the population.
COMPARE KNOWLEDGE ON SELF CARE MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION BETWEEN PRIMI GRAVID AND MULTIGRAVIDA
Authors: P. Prathima 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives: to assess and compare the knowledge on self-care management of pregnancy induced hypertension among primi gravid and multi gravida mothers.
Method: A non-experimental descriptive comparative was conducted between 40 primi gravida mother and 40 multi gravida mothers who were selected by using purposive sampling to assess knowledge on self-care management of pregnancy induced hypertension. Self-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Appropriate Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data and to draw inferences.
Results: 55% of primi gravida mothers and 40 % of multi gravid mothers had inadequate knowledge. Only 2.5% of primi gravida and 5% of multi gravida mothers had adequate knowledge. Respondents from primigravida had knowledge about 31.8 % and 38.6% regarding signs & symptoms and Preventive measures. 35% and 44.7 % of multi mothers were aware about signs & symptoms and preventive measures respectively. Which shows all the respondent were less aware about pregnancy induced hypertension. And there is an association between age & Monthly income on knowledge level.
Conclusion: There is a necessity to provide information for those specific at risk population. Which helps to increase the knowledge, develop positive attitude, prevent complications and to have better maternal and child health.
A CLINICAL STUDY OF INCIDENCE AND DISTRIBUTION AND CO- RELATING FACTORS OF CLEFT LIP AND CLEFT PALATE AMONG KARNATAKA & KERALA POPULATION
Authors: Samuel Soumi , Prasad B. Rajendra , Kumari Suchetha , Tejaswi S. Sandeep , S. Sanal T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of this prospective study is to determine the incidences of cleft lip and palate in Karnataka & Kerala population. It also highlights a part of embryological aspect and theories that help to correlate and understand the incidence of the congenital anomaly. This prospective study were conducted in 1000 patients having cleft lip and palate deformities and classified, incidences and types of patterns of occurrences were statistically analysed. It was observed that incidences of Cleft lip and palate is more common in males were 51.9% and that of Cleft palate is more prevelant in females were - 48.1%