bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An expressivist interpretation of Kant's “I think”1
Authors: Freitag Wolfgang , Kraus Katharina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractKant's theory of cognition centrally builds on his conception of self‐consciousness and the transcendental use of the phrase “I think”: the ability to add the phrase “I think” to a representation is a necessary condition of the ability to cognize objects. The paper argues that “I think”, rather than denoting the content of a predicative judgement, is typically an expression of the subject's thinking. It expresses a kind of self‐consciousness that, without assertively representing the subject itself, indicates that representational contents are unified in a single consciousness of a single subject. Our aim is thus to develop and defend an expressivist interpretation of Kant's “I think”.
Overexpression of MMPs, cytokines, and RANKL/OPG in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis and their association with joint pain, mouth opening, and bone degeneration: A preliminary report
Authors: Cafferata Emilio A. , Monasterio Gustavo , Castillo Francisca , Carvajal Paola , Flores Guillermo , Díaz Walter , Fuentes Aler D. , Vernal Rolando 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the expression of distinct matrix metalloproteinases, cytokines, and bone resorptive factors in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ‐OA) patients and their association with joint pain, mouth opening, and subchondral bone degeneration.Materials and methodsTwelve patients affected with TMJ‐OA (n = 5), disk displacement without reduction (DDWoR) (n = 3), or disk displacement with reduction (DDWR) (n = 4) were selected. Joint pain was quantified by using visual analog scale, mouth opening was quantified at the maximum pain‐free aperture, and bone degeneration was quantified using joint imaging. Synovial fluid samples were collected and immediately processed for cell and synovial fluid recovering. From cells, the MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐8, MMP‐13, IL‐6, IL‐23, and TNF‐α expression was quantified by qPCR. From synovial fluid, the RANKL and OPG levels were quantified by ELISA.ResultsHigher levels of MMP‐1, MMP‐8, MMP‐13, IL‐6, IL‐23, TNF‐α, and RANKL/OPG ratio were detected in TMJ‐OA compared with DDWoR and DDWR patients (p < .05). Joint pain significantly correlated with TNF‐α levels (r = .975, p = .029). Besides, imaging signs of bone degeneration significantly correlated with RANKL/OPG ratio (r = .949, p = .042). Conversely, mouth opening did not correlate with any of the analyzed mediators.ConclusionDuring TMJ‐OA, a pathological response characterized by the overexpression of TNF‐α and RANKL/OPG could be involved in joint pain and subchondral bone degeneration.
Characterizing online searches in pediatric dermatology
Authors: Schlarbaum Jamie P. , Hook Kristen P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe use of online medical information is a common trend but little is known about these searches and implications in pediatric dermatology. Through a convenience sample of 95 parents/guardians and patients in pediatric dermatology at the University of Minnesota, 38.9% of participants reported that they had used an online search tool prior to their appointment. Google was the most common tool used (91.4%), and eczematous conditions were the most common patient‐suspected diagnosis (32.4%). Of interest, 13.9% of individuals became more concerned and 16.7% made an appointment earlier because of their online findings.
Transforming learning: Applying community and systems level interventions through a poster project
Authors: Rohlik Lindsay , Krumwiede Kelly 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPublic health nursing practice is population‐focused with a goal of improving health outcomes. Nurse educators are challenged to identify teaching–learning strategies to transform students’ perspectives and knowledge of public health concepts.PurposeThe purpose of the poster project was to evaluate students’ ability to meet Quad Council Coalition Competency Review Task Force competencies for public health nursing.MethodsTeams of students identified an issue, investigated epidemiological data, searched literature, linked the issue to a Healthy People 2020 objective, defined the societal health construct, identified evidence‐based interdisciplinary actions, and drew a conclusion based on the synthesis of evidence. The Quad Council Public Health Nursing domains and competencies provided a crosswalk design for faculty to evaluate teams’ ability to plan and implement population‐focused actions within the poster project.ResultsTeams met one or more competencies in six out of eight domains. Domains I–IV, VI, and VIII were met by 100%, domain V was met by 60%, and domain VII was met by 25% of the teams.DiscussionOwnership of the poster translated into teams demonstrating creative approaches and expertise in identifying actions to address societal health outcomes.Conclusion The societal health construct poster is an effective pedagogical approach that encourages teams to become change agents at the community and systems level.
Startle during backward evaluative conditioning is not modulated by instructions
Authors: Green Luke J.S. , Luck Camilla C. , Lipp Ottmar V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInstructions highlighting that backward conditional stimuli (CSs) stop unconditional stimuli (USs) result in their acquiring valence opposite to that of the US on explicit measures of valence. We assessed whether such instructions would influence startle blink modulation in the same way. Two groups were presented with concurrent forward and backward evaluative conditioning (CS‐US‐CS) using cartoon aliens as CSs, and pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant sounds as USs. Startle magnitude was measured during conditioning and valence ratings were assessed after conditioning. Participants in the “start‐stop” instructions group (n = 41) were instructed to learn whether CSs started or stopped US presentations, while participants in the “observe” instructions group (n = 41) were told to pay attention to the stimuli as they would be asked questions about them after the experiment. In the start‐stop instructions group backward CSs paired with positive USs were rated as less pleasant than backward CSs paired with neutral and negative USs (contrast effect), whereas ratings of backward CSs did not differ in the observe instructions group. Startle magnitude was larger during backward CSs paired with positive USs in comparison to CSs paired with neutral or negative USs in both instruction groups. Startle blink modulation was unaffected by instructions, suggesting that startle indexes the emotional state at the time of probe presentation rather than CS valence based on propositional information about the function of the CS.
Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1alpha and nitric oxide synthases in bovine follicles close to ovulation and early luteal angiogenesis
Authors: Berisha Bajram , Schams Dieter , Sinowatz Fred , Rodler Daniela , Pfaffl Michael W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objective of the study was to characterize expression patterns of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1alpha (HIF1A), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial (eNOS) isoforms in time‐defined follicle classes before and after GnRH application in the cow. Ovaries containing pre‐ovulatory follicles or corpora lutea were collected by transvaginal ovariectomy (n = 5 cows/group) as follow: (I) before GnRH administration; (II) 4h after GnRH; (III) 10h after GnRH; (IV) 20h after GnRH; (V) 25h after GnRH; and (VI) 60h after GnRH (early corpus luteum). The mRNA abundance of HIF1A in the follicle group before GnRH was high, followed by a significant down regulation afterwards with a minimum level 25h after GnRH (close to ovulation) and significant increase only after ovulation. The mRNA abundance of iNOS before GnRH was high, decreased significantly during LH surge, with minimum levels afterwards. In contrast, the mRNA of eNOS decreased in the follicle group 20h after GnRH, followed by a rapid and significant upregulation just after ovulation. Immunohistochemically, the granulosa cells of antral follicles and the eosinophils of the theca tissue as well of the early corpus luteum showed a strong staining for HIF1A. The location of the eosinophils could be clearly demonstrated by immunostaining with an eosinophil‐specific antibody (EMBP) and transmission electron microscopy. In conclusion, the parallel and acute regulated expression patterns of HIF1A and NOS isoforms, specifically during the interval between the LH surge and ovulation, indicate that these paracrine factors are involved in the local mechanisms, regulating final follicle maturation, ovulation and early luteal angiogenesis.
Maladaptive personality traits and the course of suicidal ideation in young adults with bipolar disorder: Cross‐sectional and prospective approaches
Authors: Kudinova Anastacia Y. , MacPherson Heather A. , Musella Katharine , Schettini Elana , Gilbert Anna C. , Jenkins Gracie A. , Clark Lee Anna , Dickstein Daniel P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildhood‐onset bipolar disorder (BD) has considerable morbidity and mortality, including suicide. Many risk factors have been identified for suicidality, but the potential role of personality traits as assessed by a computer‐assisted self‐report measure remains unclear.AimsTo address this gap in knowledge, we tested relations between pathological‐range personality traits and suicidal ideation among young adults whose childhood‐onset BD was prospectively confirmed by enrollment in the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth study (COBY) as children (n = 45) and a newly enrolled group of typically developing controls (TDCs; n = 52) both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally after 1.5 years of follow up.Materials & MethodsPersonality traits were assessed with the computerized Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality‐2 (SNAP‐2).ResultsCross‐sectionally, we found that participants with BD had elevated Suicide Proneness and Low Self‐esteem versus TDCs at baseline. Furthermore, longitudinal analyses in the BD participants for whom we had 1.5 years of prospectively collected illness‐course data showed that greater Suicide Proneness and Low Self‐esteem prospectively predicted greater levels, shorter time until occurrence, and greater frequency of suicidal ideation during the follow‐up.ConclusionOur findings suggest the role of specific personality‐related vulnerabilities in the course of BD that, pending replication, could contribute to development of interventions focused on personality traits among individuals with BD.
Task failure during sustained low‐intensity contraction is not associated with a critical amount of central fatigue
Authors: Souron Robin , Voirin Anne‐Cloé , Kennouche Djahid , Espeit Loïc , Millet Guillaume Y , Rupp Thomas , Lapole Thomas 
Published: September 2020

Fatigue‐related mechanisms induced by low‐intensity prolonged contraction in lower limb muscles are currently unknown. This study investigated central fatigue kinetics in the knee extensors during a low‐intensity sustained isometric contraction. Eleven subjects sustained a 10% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) until task failure (TF) with neuromuscular evaluation every 3 minutes. Testing encompassed transcranial magnetic stimulation to evaluate maximal voluntary activation (VATMS), motor evoked potential (MEP), and silent period (SP), and peripheral nerve stimulation to assess M‐wave. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was also recorded. MVC progressively decreased up to 50% of the time to TF (ie, 50%TTF) and then plateaued, reaching ~50% at TF (P < .001). VATMS progressively decreased up to 90%TTF and then plateaued, the decrease reaching ~20% at TF (P < .001). SP was lengthened early (ie, from 20%TTF) during the exercise and then plateaued (P < .01). No changes were reported for MEP evoked during MVC (P = .87), while MEP evoked during submaximal contractions decreased early (ie, from 20%TTF) during the exercise and then plateaued (P < .01). RPE increased linearly during the exercise to be almost maximal at TF. M‐waves were not altered (P = .88). These findings confirm that TF is due to the subjects reaching their maximal perceived effort rather than any particular central event or neuromuscular limitations since MVC at TF was far from 10% of its original value. It is suggested that strategies minimizing RPE (eg, motivational self‐talk) should be employed to enhance endurance performance.
Biography, Trauma, the Holocaust and the Sociological Eye
Authors: Stein Peter J. 
Published: September 2020

My book, A Boy’s Journey: From Nazi‐Occupied Prague to Freedom in America (2019) chronicles the first 15 years of my life in the context of the Holocaust, a war and an occupation, relatives disappearing, father returning from a concentration camp, and meeting Jewish relatives who resisted and survived. It is also a story of immigration and assimilation, learning a new language and a new culture in America, of forgetting the old and developing a new identity.
Generating Support for a Hypothetical War: Presidential Cues and Justifications
Authors: Gooch Andrew 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveSupport for wars that involve the United States typically divides by party identification among American voters, leading many scholars to believe that voters need only a partisan cue to go along with war. However, presidents do not endorse war in isolation; instead, they justify it with a variety of reasons ranging from minimal to extensive. Causally identifying these factors—partisan cues and justifications—can be challenging because (1) both occur simultaneously and (2) measured opinion on war usually occurs after the public has been exposed to both.MethodThis study leverages experimental evidence that randomizes presidential cues (an actual sitting president) and justifications about a hypothetical (and unnecessary) war in which elites have not staked out positions.ResultsResults show that a presidential endorsement alone does not generate support for a hypothetical war, but the inclusion of a justification, even one that is minimal, can increase support for war and improve presidential approval. Overall support still remains low for a hypothetical war and is concentrated among in‐partisans.ConclusionThese results imply that a segment of the American public will go along with war, but the reach is limited to their own party.
Causation and Behavior: The Necessity and Benefits of Incorporating Evolutionary Thinking into Political Science
Authors: Mansell Jordan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPolitical science now recognizes that both biological and social factors are significant to the expression of political phenomena. While necessary, this development has significant theoretical and methodological consequences. The recognition of biological and social factors complicates, rather than simplifies, the study of political phenomena by requiring a more complex model of behavioral causation.Objective.To adapt to this complexity, political science must familiarize itself with the study of behavior in the life and evolutionary sciences and adopt a consilient behavioral model.Method.To assist with this development, this article familiarizes political scientists with the principles on causation as they relate to behavior. It also reviews the most common approaches to studying behavioral causation in the evolutionary sciences.Conclusion.The article discusses the practical benefits of incorporating evolutionary thinking into the study of politics, including the importance of evolutionary thinking for problems of omitted variable bias.
New apatite fission track evidence from the northern Qiangtang terrane reveal two‐phase evolution of central Tibet
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Li Yalin , Xu Ming , Dai Jingen , Qian Xinyu , Han Zhongpeng , Zhang Huiping , Pang Jianzhang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe growth of central Tibet remains elusory, albeit important in evaluating different topographic growth models accounting for the Tibetan Plateau development. Thermochronological records in the northern Qiangtang terrane (QT) provide valuable information for investigating the cooling and exhumation history in central Tibet. New apatite fission track data, assisted by inverse thermal modelling, reveal two stages of accelerated cooling. The Early Cretaceous cooling is related with refrigeration of the QT and exhumation probably induced by crustal shortening. The Eocene‐Oligocene renewed cooling reflects the far‐field contraction after the onset of the India‐Asia collision and Cenozoic crustal shortening deformation in the QT, coupled with thermal relaxation and transient lithospheric removal. Our data support models indicating that Cretaceous crustal shortening produced a thickened crust in the QT, whereas the present‐day elevation was established during Eocene‐Oligocene due to crustal shortening, continental subduction and lithospheric delamination.
Modeling the West Nile virus transfusion transmission risk in a nonoutbreak country associated with traveling donors
Authors: Kiely Philip , Seed Clive R. , Hoad Veronica C. , Gambhir Manoj , Cheng Allen C. , McQuilten Zoe K. , Wood Erica M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundWest Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito‐borne virus and transfusion transmission (TT) has been demonstrated. The European Union and neighboring countries experience an annual transmission season.Study Design and MethodsWe developed a novel probabilistic model to estimate the WNV TT risk in Australia attributable to returned donors who had travelled to the European Union and neighboring countries during the 2018. We estimated weekly WNV TT risks in Australia for each outbreak country and the cumulative risk for all countries.ResultsHighest mean weekly TT risk in Australia attributable to donors returning from a specific outbreak country was 1 in 23.3 million (plausible range, 16.8‐41.9 million) donations during Week 39 in Croatia. Highest mean weekly cumulative TT risk was 1 in 8.5 million donations (plausible range, 5.1‐17.8 million) during Week 35.ConclusionsThe estimated TT risk in Australia attributable to returning donors from the European Union and neighboring countries in 2018 was very small, and additional risk mitigation strategies were not indicated. In the context of such low TT risks, a simpler but effective approach would be to monitor the number of weekly reported West Nile fever cases and implement risk modeling only when the reported cases reached a predefined number or trigger point.
Harmonic Source Identification in Power Distribution System and Meter Placement using Network Impedance Approach
Authors: Zaidi Maryam Nabihah , Mat Said Dalila , Abdul Kadir Aida Fazliana , Ahmad Nasarudin 
Published: September 2020

The growing use of non-linear loads in the electrical systems has made harmonics a serious problem. Harmonic disturbance leads to degradation of power quality by deforming the current or voltage waveforms, thus, necessitating the effective techniques for harmonics detection. The purpose of this study is to propose a method for a single harmonic source identification in power distribution system by implementing a network impedance technique, and optimize the meters allocation by optimum meter placement algorithm (OMPA). The main advantage of this technique is that it results in enhanced accuracy with minimum vulnerability towards deviations in the measurements. Moreover, it minimizes the number of nodes for meter allocations, thereby resulting in economic advantages. To validate the results and effectiveness of the proposed methodology, a standard IEEE 13-Bus industrial network is designed using ETAP software and the algorithm is developed in MATLAB software. The validation of proposed algorithm OMPA is done by comparing its results with Monte Carlo Algorithm (MCA) technique. The results show that without any deviation in the network impedances, OMPA gives 89% accuracy as compared to 75% accuracy of MC. With the deviations in the harmonic impedances, the accuracy of both algorithms is decreased. For the deviation value ꝺ = 1-13 in the harmonic impedances, the overall accuracy of OMPA stays at 75%, while that of MCA drops down to 56%. The developed algorithm OMPA is not only better in performance in harmonics identification with minimum number of meters, but also shows more resistance to the variations in the harmonic impedances as compared to MCA.
Deuterium Ingress at the Rolled Joints in CANDU Reactors: Where Does It Come From and How Can It Be Reduced?
Authors: Langille S. T. , Coleman C. E. , McRae G. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSimple, small-scale, experiments demonstrate that the initial protium in stainless-steel end fittings contributes to the high deuterium concentrations found in the zirconium pressure tubes at CANDU rolled joints. This protium isotopically exchanges becoming deuterium that is then gettered by the zirconium pressure tube. We propose to reduce the concentration of hydrogen isotopes at the ends of pressure tubes in heavy-water nuclear reactors with yttrium getters placed in the outer regions of the stainless-steel end fittings away from the heat-transport heavy water. Simple, small-scale, experiments demonstrate the operating principle showing that yttrium can getter hydrogen isotopes from the zirconium through the stainless steel.
A Study of a New Bidirectional Pressure-Regulating Valve for Hydraulically Interconnected Suspension Systems
Authors: Luo Liang , Zhang Nong , Zheng Minyi , Wu Jinglai , Zhu Bo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Due to inevitable inner leakage in hydraulic circuits and structural limits of a hydraulically interconnected suspension (HIS) system, pressure difference between HIS's two independent hydraulic circuits leads to vehicular unbalance under noncornering driving conditions and deteriorates HIS's performance under steering driving conditions. In order to address this problem, a new bidirectional pressure-regulating valve was designed to balance hydraulic pressures in the two HIS's hydraulic circuits under noncornering driving conditions. Moreover, it separates the two hydraulic circuits and enables HIS's antirollover function under cornering driving conditions. Detailed structure and functions of this valve were introduced first. Systematic and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results show that the gap between the spool and cylinder is of importance to valve's performance. Experimental results validate that the developed valve satisfies all requirements of the HIS. Furthermore, the valve can distinguish steering and nonsteering conditions and enables HIS's function accurately without any pressure shock.