bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life satisfaction in persons with mental disorders
Authors: Meule Adrian , Voderholzer Ulrich 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Life satisfaction refers to a cognitive and global evaluation of the quality of one’s life as a whole. The arguably most often used measure of life satisfaction is the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Persons with mental disorders generally report lower SWLS scores than healthy controls, yet there is a lack of studies that have compared different diagnostic groups, tested measurement invariance of the SWLS across these groups, and examined effects of treatment on life satisfaction.

Methods
Data of 9649 inpatients of seven diagnostic categories were analyzed: depressive episode, recurrent depressive disorder, phobic disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, trauma-related disorders, somatoform disorders, and eating disorders.

Results
The one-factor structure of the SWLS was replicated and full measurement invariance was demonstrated across groups. Patients with trauma-related disorders reported the lowest life satisfaction. Life satisfaction significantly increased during treatment across all groups and these changes were moderately related to changes in depressive symptoms.

Conclusions
Results support the excellent psychometric properties of the SWLS. They also demonstrate that although persons with mental disorder generally report lower life satisfaction than persons without mental disorders, life satisfaction also varies considerably between different diagnostic groups. Finally, results show that life satisfaction increases during inpatient treatment, although at discharge most patients have rarely reached levels of life satisfaction reported in non-clinical samples.
Severe COVID-19 and aging: are monocytes the key?
Authors: Pence Brandt D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe ongoing pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a disproportionate number of severe cases and deaths in older adults. Severe SARS-CoV-2-associated disease (coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020 and is characterized by cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and in some cases by systemic inflammation–related pathology. Currently, our knowledge of the determinants of severe COVID-19 is primarily observational. Here, I review emerging evidence to argue that monocytes, a circulating innate immune cell, are principal players in cytokine storm and associated pathologies in COVID-19. I also describe changes in monocyte function and phenotype that are characteristic of both aging and severe COVID-19, which suggests a potential mechanism underlying increased morbidity and mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 infection in older adults. The innate immune system is therefore a potentially important target for therapeutic treatment of COVID-19, but experimental studies are needed, and SARS-CoV-2 presents unique challenges for pre-clinical and mechanistic studies in vivo. The immediate establishment of colonies of SARS-CoV-2-susceptible animal models for aging studies, as well as strong collaborative efforts in the geroscience community, will be required in order to develop the therapies needed to combat severe COVID-19 in older adult populations.
Elemental Status and Lipid Peroxidation in the Blood of Children with Endemic Fluorosis
Authors: Tkachenko Halyna , Kurhaluk Natalia , Skaletska Natalia , Maksin Viktor , Osadowski Zbigniew 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe study aimed to assess the levels of trace elements, minerals, and toxic elements as well as lipid peroxidation biomarkers (lipid acyl hydroperoxides, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) in the blood of children with chronic fluorosis from endemic fluorosis areas (Sosnivka village, Lviv region, western Ukraine). The results were compared with healthy children from Staryi Sambir (Lviv region, western Ukraine), whose drinking water contained permissible levels (< 1 ppm) of fluoride. Thirty-one children from the Sosnivka village in the Lviv region, including 16 females and 15 males aged 7–10 years, with clinically diagnosed fluorosis, were recruited for the study. The children had been exposed to fluoride (> 1.5 ppm) through drinking water for more than 5 years. In the blood, eight macro- and microelements (calcium, zinc, potassium, iron, copper, selenium, manganese, chromium), five additional elements (sulfur, bromine, chlorine, nickel, strontium), and four toxic elements (lead, mercury, cadmium, mercury) were assessed with the X-ray fluorescence method. The results of our study demonstrated a 14-fold decrease in the copper level, a 2.5-fold decrease in the calcium and zinc levels, and a 2-fold decrease in the selenium level in the blood of children with chronic fluorosis compared with the healthy children from the non-fluorosis area. In turn, a 1.7- and 1.4-fold increase in the strontium and lead content, respectively, was noted. The sulfur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, copper, zinc, and selenium levels in the blood samples of children with chronic fluorosis were lower than the reference value. The children had higher blood TBARS levels, while the acyl hydroperoxide levels were non-significantly increased in comparison with healthy children living in the non-fluorosis area. Additionally, the bromine level was correlated positively with the selenium level and acyl hydroperoxides. However, more studies are needed to clarify the relationship between blood mineral status, oxidative stress biomarkers, and chronic fluorosis.
Psychology’s Status as a Science: Peculiarities and Intrinsic Challenges. Moving Beyond its Current Deadlock Towards Conceptual Integration
Authors: Uher Jana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPsychology holds an exceptional position among the sciences. Yet even after 140 years as an independent discipline, psychology is still struggling with its most basic foundations. Its key phenomena, mind and behaviour, are poorly defined (and their definition instead often delegated to neuroscience or philosophy) while specific terms and constructs proliferate. A unified theoretical framework has not been developed and its categorisation as a ‘soft science’ ascribes to psychology a lower level of scientificity. The article traces these problems to the peculiarities of psychology’s study phenomena, their interrelations with and centrality to everyday knowledge and language (which may explain the proliferation and unclarity of terms and concepts), as well as to their complex relations with other study phenomena. It shows that adequate explorations of such diverse kinds of phenomena and their interrelations with the most elusive of all—immediate experience—inherently require a plurality of epistemologies, paradigms, theories, methodologies and methods that complement those developed for the natural sciences. Their systematic integration within just one discipline, made necessary by these phenomena’s joint emergence in the single individual as the basic unit of analysis, makes psychology in fact the hardest science of all. But Galtonian nomothetic methodology has turned much of today’s psychology into a science of populations rather than individuals, showing that blind adherence to natural-science principles has not advanced but impeded the development of psychology as a science. Finally, the article introduces paradigmatic frameworks that can provide solid foundations for conceptual integration and new developments.
How data can be the lingua franca for security and IT
Authors: Powell Leila 
Published: June 2020

Stakeholder engagement, expectation management and cross-team communications are some of the most challenging aspects of business to navigate. And all of these come together in a unique confluence for security teams. IT and security teams are both aiming for the same goal – secure and effective systems. But their priorities often differ. While they may be looking at the same raw information, their interpretations can be wildly different. Some form of automated data analysis can help get both teams on the same page, argues Dr Leila Powell of Panaseer.
Cyber security and the remote workforce
Authors: Curran Kevin 
Published: June 2020

Current world events have forced a sudden remote-working economy that many businesses were simply not prepared for. According to a Gartner survey of 229 human resources (HR) managers, 81% or more are working remotely, and 41% are likely to do so at least some of the time even once a return to normal working is permitted. This sudden rise in remote working is not only challenging employees to work in a way they had not previously, but it has also impacted the cyber-risk profile of enterprises worldwide. Organisations have built policies and procedures that protect individuals and the organisation's infrastructure. However, unless a significant percentage of employees had previous access to proper remote access technologies, there is a real risk of employees making bad choices. Organisations need to implement the correct tools to mitigate these threats, explains Kevin Curran of Ulster University.
A comparison of automated approaches to extracting englacial-layer geometry from radar data across ice sheets
Authors: Delf Richard , Schroeder Dustin M. , Curtis Andrew , Giannopoulos Antonios , Bingham Robert G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRadar surveys across ice sheets typically measure numerous englacial layers that can often be regarded as isochrones. Such layers are valuable for extrapolating age–depth relationships away from ice-core locations, reconstructing palaeoaccumulation variability, and investigating past ice-sheet dynamics. However, the use of englacial layers in Antarctica has been hampered by underdeveloped techniques for characterising layer continuity and geometry over large distances, with techniques developed independently and little opportunity for inter-comparison of results. In this paper, we present a methodology to assess the performance of automated layer-tracking and layer-dip-estimation algorithms through their ability to propagate a correct age–depth model. We use this to assess isochrone-tracking techniques applied to two test case datasets, selected from CreSIS MCoRDS data over Antarctica from a range of environments including low-dip, continuous layers and layers with terminations. We find that dip-estimation techniques are generally successful in tracking englacial dip but break down in the upper and lower regions of the ice sheet. The results of testing two previously published layer-tracking algorithms show that further development is required to attain a good constraint of age–depth relationships away from dated ice cores. We recommend that auto-tracking techniques focus on improved linking of picked stratigraphy across signal disruptions to enable accurate determination of the Antarctic-wide age–depth structure.
RADIOCARBON DATING AND DIET: THE JIAOJIA SITE IN CHINA
Authors: Wang Fen , Yuan Chao , Yuan Shiling 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe Jiaojia site is the earliest city in the Haidai area of China, about 5000 years old. To obtain more accurately the beginning and end of this site, radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (14C AMS) measurements, along with stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data, were collected from 13 bone samples. According to the measured dates, human diet was dominated by C4-based plants, and the Jiaojia site appeared before 2900 BC.
The Many Voyages ofFateh Al-Khayr: Unfurling the Gulf in the Age of Oceanic History
Authors: Bishara Fahad Ahmad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this article, I make the claim that the time has come to re-situate the Gulf historically as part of the Indian Ocean world rather than the terrestrial Middle East. I explore the historical potential of thinking “transregionally” – of what it means to more fully weave the history of the Gulf into that of the Indian Ocean, and what the ramifications are for orienting it away from the terrestrially-grounded literature in which it has long been situated. The promise of an oceanic history, I argue, is both academic and political: first, it opens up the possibilities of new narratives for the Gulf’s past, suggesting new periodizations, fruitful avenues of historical inquiry, and new readings of old sources. But more than that, an oceanic history of the Gulf allows historians to push against the discourses of nativism that have pervaded the public sphere in the Gulf States.
Inclusivity the Brazilian Way: The Road to Same-sex Marriage in the Episcopal Anglican Church of Brazil
Authors: Coelho Filho Luiz Carlos Teixeira 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn June 2018, the Igreja Episcopal Anglicana do Brasil’s (IEAB) General Synod voted, by an overwhelming majority, to amend its canons by redefining marriage as a ‘lifelong union between two people, regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity’.2 In this essay, I intend to describe the process that led to such decision both as the result of major changes that happened in Brazilian society and as a response to IEAB’s inner process of discernment and theology-making in parallel with other Anglican provinces. Rather than merely copying theological developments and discussions produced in the English-speaking world, IEAB creatively engaged foreign and local sources (Anglican and non-Anglican), thus producing a contextually based theology that led to its embracing of same-gender couples as full members, worthy of all sacraments and rites.
Intra-colony channels in E. coli function as a nutrient uptake system
Authors: Rooney Liam M , Amos William B , Hoskisson Paul A , McConnell Gail 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The ability of microorganisms to grow as aggregated assemblages has been known for many years, however their structure has remained largely unexplored across multiple spatial scales. The development of the Mesolens, an optical system which uniquely allows simultaneous imaging of individual bacteria over a 36 mm2 field of view, has enabled the study of mature Escherichia coli macro-colony biofilm architecture like never before. The Mesolens enabled the discovery of intra-colony channels on the order of 10 μm in diameter, that are integral to E. coli macro-colony biofilms and form as an emergent property of biofilm growth. These channels have a characteristic structure and re-form after total mechanical disaggregation of the colony. We demonstrate that the channels are able to transport particles and play a role in the acquisition of and distribution of nutrients through the biofilm. These channels potentially offer a new route for the delivery of dispersal agents for antimicrobial drugs to biofilms, ultimately lowering their impact on public health and industry.
Nappe oscillations on free-overfall structures, data from laboratory experiments
Authors: Lodomez Maurine , Tullis Blake , Archambeau Pierre , Kitsikoudis Vasileios , Pirotton Michel , Dewals Benjamin , Erpicum Sébastien 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a dataset obtained from fifty-two laboratory experiments of nappe oscillations on free overfall structures. Data were collected on two complementary experimental setups, each consisting of a linear weir model. The dataset covers test configurations involving varied geometric parameters (i.e. weir crest shape, weir width, fall height and nappe confinement) and inflow discharges. The following experimental data were produced: assessment of nappe oscillation occurrence and associated frequencies. The later measurements were performed using characterization techniques (image and sound analysis) developed for this research. Reuse of the collected data will support efforts to improve the understanding of the physical processes underpinning nappe oscillation and to validate numerical modelling of the phenomenon.
Establishing magneto-structural relationships in the solid solutions of the skyrmion hosting family of materials: GaV4S8−ySey
Authors: Štefančič Aleš , Holt Samuel J. R. , Lees Martin R. , Ritter Clemens , Gutmann Matthias J. , Lancaster Tom , Balakrishnan Geetha 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe GaV4S8−ySey (y = 0 to 8) family of materials have been synthesized in both polycrystalline and single crystal form, and their structural and magnetic properties thoroughly investigated. Each of these materials crystallizes in the F$$\bar{4}$$

4
ˉ

3m space group at ambient temperature. However, in contrast to the end members GaV4S8 and GaV4Se8, that undergo a structural transition to the R3m space group at 42 and 41 K respectively, the solid solutions (y = 1 to 7) retain cubic symmetry down to 1.5 K. In zero applied field the end members of the family order ferromagnetically at 13 K (GaV4S8) and 18 K (GaV4Se8), while the intermediate compounds exhibit a spin-glass-like ground state. We demonstrate that the magnetic structure of GaV4S8 shows localization of spins on the V cations, indicating that a charge ordering mechanism drives the structural phase transition. We conclude that the observation of both structural and ferromagnetic transitions in the end members of the series in zero field is a prerequisite for the stabilization of a skyrmion phase, and discuss how the absence of these transitions in the y = 1 to 7 materials can be explained by their structural properties.
Remotely sensed thermal decay rate: an index for vegetation monitoring
Authors: Kumar S. S. , Prihodko L. , Lind B. M. , Anchang J. , Ji W. , Ross C. W. , Kahiu M. N. , Velpuri N. M. , Hanan N. P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVegetation buffers local diurnal land surface temperatures, however, this effect has found limited applications for remote vegetation characterization. In this work, we parameterize diurnal temperature variations as the thermal decay rate derived by using satellite daytime and nighttime land surface temperatures and modeled using Newton’s law of cooling. The relationship between the thermal decay rate and vegetation depends on many factors including vegetation type, size, water content, location, and local conditions. The theoretical relationships are elucidated, and empirical relationships are presented. Results show that the decay rate summarizes both vegetation structure and function and exhibits a high correlation with other established vegetation-related observations. As proof of concept, we interpret 15-year spatially explicit trends in the annual thermal decay rates over Africa and discuss results. Given recent increases in availability of finer spatial resolution satellite thermal measurements, the thermal decay rate may be a useful index for monitoring vegetation.
Urupocidin C: a new marine guanidine alkaloid which selectively kills prostate cancer cells via mitochondria targeting
Authors: Dyshlovoy Sergey A. , Kudryashova Ekaterina K. , Kaune Moritz , Makarieva Tatyana N. , Shubina Larisa K. , Busenbender Tobias , Denisenko Vladimir A. , Popov Roman S. , Hauschild Jessica , Fedorov Sergey N. , Bokemeyer Carsten , Graefen Markus , Stonik Valentin A. , von Amsberg Gunhild 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNew bicyclic guanidine alkaloid, urupocidin C (Ur-C) along with the previously known urupocidin A (Ur-A) were isolated from the rare deep-sea marine sponge Monanchora pulchra, harvested in Northwestern Pacific waters. The unique structure of Ur-C was elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as mass spectra. We discovered a promising selectivity of both alkaloids for human prostate cancer (PCa) cells, including highly drug-resistant lines, compared to non-malignant cells. In cancer cells, marine derived compounds were able to induce G1- and S-cell cycle arrest as well as caspase-mediated cell death. For the first time we have identified mitochondrial targeting as a central mechanism of anticancer action for these and similar molecules. Thus, treatment with the isolated alkaloids resulted in mitochondrial membrane permeabilization consequently leading to the release of cytotoxic mitochondrial proteins to cellular cytoplasm, ROS upregulation, consequent activation of caspase-9 and -3, followed by PARP cleavage, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis. Moreover, synergistic effects were observed when Ur-A and Ur-C were combined with clinically approved PARP inhibitor olaparib. Finally, these alkaloids exhibited additive effects in combination with docetaxel and androgen receptor inhibitor enzalutamide, both applied in PCa therapy. In conclusion, urupocidin-like compounds are promising lead molecules for the development of new drugs for the treatment of advanced PCa.
Femtosecond time-evolution of mid-infrared spectral line shapes of Dirac fermions in topological insulators
Authors: Yeh Tien-Tien , Tu Chien-Ming , Lin Wen-Hao , Cheng Cheng-Maw , Tzeng Wen-Yen , Chang Chen-Yu , Shirai Hideto , Fuji Takao , Sankar Raman , Chou Fang-Cheng , Gospodinov Marin M. , Kobayashi Takayoshi , Luo Chih-Wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMid-infrared (MIR) light sources have much potential in the study of Dirac-fermions (DFs) in graphene and topological insulators (TIs) because they have a low photon energy. However, the topological surface state transitions (SSTs) in Dirac cones are veiled by the free carrier absorption (FCA) with same spectral line shape that is always seen in static MIR spectra. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish the SST from the FCA, especially in TIs. Here, we disclose the abnormal MIR spectrum feature of transient reflectivity changes (ΔR/R) for the non-equilibrium states in TIs, and further distinguish FCA and spin-momentum locked SST using time-resolved and linearly polarized ultra-broadband MIR spectroscopy with no environmental perturbation. Although both effects produce similar features in the reflection spectra, they produce completely different variations in the ΔR/R to show their intrinsic ultrafast dynamics.
A novel de novo heterozygous DYRK1A mutation causes complete loss of DYRK1A function and developmental delay
Authors: Lee Kyu-Sun , Choi Miri , Kwon Dae-Woo , Kim Doyoun , Choi Jong-Moon , Kim Ae-Kyeong , Ham Youngwook , Han Sang-Bae , Cho Sungchan , Cheon Chong Kun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1 A (DYRK1A) is essential for human development, and DYRK1A haploinsufficiency is associated with a recognizable developmental syndrome and variable clinical features. Here, we present a patient with DYRK1A haploinsufficiency syndrome, including facial dysmorphism, delayed motor development, cardiovascular system defects, and brain atrophy. Exome sequencing identified a novel de novo heterozygous mutation of the human DYRK1A gene (c.1185dup), which generated a translational termination codon and resulted in a C-terminally truncated protein (DYRK1A-E396ter). To study the molecular effect of this truncation, we generated mammalian cell and Drosophila models that recapitulated the DYRK1A protein truncation. Analysis of the structure and deformation energy of the mutant protein predicted a reduction in protein stability. Experimentally, the mutant protein was efficiently degraded by the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway and was barely detectable in mammalian cells. More importantly, the mutant kinase was intrinsically inactive and had little negative impact on the wild-type protein. Similarly, the mutant protein had a minimal effect on Drosophila phenotypes, confirming its loss-of-function in vivo. Together, our results suggest that the novel heterozygous mutation of DYRK1A resulted in loss-of-function of the kinase activity of DYRK1A and may contribute to the developmental delay observed in the patient.