bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weather Effects on Industrial Stock Index Returns and Volatilities: Evidence from Korean Stock Market
Authors: Cin Beom Cheol , Kim Sung Woo , Kim Byoung Joon 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study empirically investigates weather effects on Korean stock index returns and market volatility based on the GJR-GARCH-X model. We focus on the issue about whether the weather effect is associated with financial deregulation and foreign investors’ transactions, which should not be affected by the weather conditions in Seoul City. To explore the weather effects by controlling for foreign investors’ trading, we employ daily stock index data and weather indicators (cloud cover, precipitation, sunshine hours, snow, and humidity) during the period from 1981 to 2016. Our empirical results suggest that there is little evidence for weather effects on KOSPI and stock returns by industry listed in the Korea Stock Exchange even if Korean financial market deregulations in 1997 increases foreign investors’ trading, but there is some evidence for weather effects on market volatilities.
Carving and Folding by the Book in Early Modern Europe
Authors: Krohn Deborah L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The period 1500-1800 saw the publication of a number of manuals and handbooks containing instructions for carving meat and fruit on the table, and folding napkins and other linens. These books contain information on otherwise invisible aspects of material and social life and are notable for their intriguing and often beautiful illustrations. Part of a larger category of texts that addressed courtesy, etiquette and behavior for household servants, people in charge of them, and those who aspired to this lifestyle, examples of the genre may be found in Italian, French, German, English, Dutch, Spanish and probably other languages as well. Echoes of a suite of engraved illustrations for an Italian carving manual first published in Padua in 1629 can be seen in books printed all over Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
Demographic and Tumor Characteristic Impact on Laryngeal Cancer Outcomes in a Minority Underserved Patient Population
Authors: Fullmer Tanner , Wilde David C. , Shi Justin W. , Wagner Timothy , Skinner Heath , Eicher Susan A. , Sandulache Vlad C. , Hernandez David J. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveAdvanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma remains associated with approximately 50% mortality at 5 years. Delivery of multimodality treatment remains critical to maximizing survival for this disease, but achieving this at a national level remains a difficult undertaking, particularly in under‐ and uninsured patients as well as minority patients. We sought to evaluate laryngeal cancer treatment delivery and clinical outcomes in a predominantly minority and underserved cohort of largely under‐ and uninsured patients in a county hospital.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary care county hospital in Houston, Texas.Subjects and MethodsPatients (N = 210) with a new diagnosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated between 2005 and 2015 were included in a retrospective analysis of patient demographics, tumor and treatment characteristics, and oncologic outcomes.ResultsThe majority of patients presented with advanced disease (T4 = 43%, N>0 = 45%). Treatment selection was compliant with National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines in 81% of cases, but 76% of patients who required adjuvant radiotherapy were unable to start it within 6 weeks postsurgery. Overall survival and disease‐free survival were 52% and 63% for the entire cohort, respectively. Supraglottic subsite and nodal metastases were significantly associated with decreased overall survival and disease‐free survival. Race/ethnicity and insurance status were not associated with worse oncologic outcomes.ConclusionUnder‐ and uninsured patients often present with advanced laryngeal cancer. Oncologic outcomes in this cohort of patients is similar to that of other published series. Moreover, tumor characteristics rather than demographic variables drive oncologic outcomes for the predominantly minority and underserved patients seeking care in our tertiary care county hospital.
Analyzing nanoparticle-induced neurotoxicity: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Wei Xiaomin , Yang Fuzhen , Chen Defang , Li Jun , Shi Xiaohong , Li Buran , Zhang Chunling 
Published: February 2020

Background: In recent years, nanoparticles have been widely used in many fields, ranging from cosmetics, agriculture, environment, and biomedical areas. The increasing use of nanoproducts induces a potential increasing exposure to human body, and then, unknown pathological consequences could increase. Methods: The database was searched from 2008 to 2018 by the Web of Science Core Collection. The bibliometric methods, CiteSpace and HistCite, were used for analysis and visualization of the data. Results: The 2932 publications were analyzed and the annual publications grew from 78 to 512 in a decade. The United States and China mainly contribute to this research area, which accounted for 29.5% and 22.9%, respectively. PLoS One, Scientific Reports, and Nanoscale were the three journals that published the most articles. Keyword analysis indicated that the major research direction was the mechanisms of nanoneurotoxicity, which included oxidative stress, inflammation, astrocyte activation, and the fibrillation of amyloid β protein. Conclusion: This bibliometric study revealed that nanoneurotoxicity was still a research hot topic and could be a promising area of research in the next few years. Nanoparticles play a role in neurodegenerative diseases by inducing reactive oxygen species production, inflammation, alterations of gene expression, and signal pathways.
Fluid and Solute Transport using Different Sodium Concentrations in Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions
Authors: Cheng Hui-Hong , Wang Tao , Heimbürger Olof , Bergström Jonas , Lindholm Bengt 
Published: February 2020

Background Fluid and sodium balance is important for the success of long-term peritoneal dialysis. Convective transport is the major determinant for sodium removal during peritoneal dialysis using conventional dialysis solutions. However, recent studies showed that lower sodium concentration in dialysate could significantly increase sodium removal by increasing the diffusion gradient, thereby increasing diffusive transport. In the present study, we investigated the influence of the sodium concentration gradient on the diffusive transport coefficient, KBD for sodium. Methods A 4-hour dwell study was done in Sprague–Dawley rats using 25 mL 5% glucose (NS), 5% glucose + 0.3% NaCl (LS), 5% glucose + 0.6% NaCl (MS), or 5% glucose + 0.9% NaCl (HS), with frequent dialysate and blood sampling. Radiolabeled human albumin (RISA) was added to the solution as an intraperitoneal volume marker. The peritoneal fluid and sodium transport characteristics were evaluated. Results Significant ultrafiltration (both net ultrafiltration and transcapillary ultrafiltration) was observed in each group despite the osmolality of the 5% glucose solution being slightly lower than the plasma osmolality. There was no difference in peritoneal fluid absorption rate and direct lymphatic absorption among the four groups. With the sieving coefficient for sodium set to 0.55, a significantly higher KBD for sodium was found in the NS compared to the HS group. The KBD for sodium was 0.21 ± 0.01, 0.20 ± 0.01, 0.17 ± 0.01, and 0.09 ± 0.01 mL/min for the NS, LS, MS, and HS groups, respectively. The KBD values for glucose were significantly lower in the NS and LS groups compared to the MS and HS groups. Conclusions Our results suggest that ( 1 ) sodium concentration may affect peritoneal sodium KBD — as the sodium concentration gradient increased, the KBD decreased; ( 2 ) 5% glucose solution could induce significant peritoneal ultrafiltration in normal rats despite its initial hypo-osmotic nature, this was due to the significantly lower glucose transport rate than sodium transport rate; and ( 3 ) a lower dialysate sodium concentration may decrease peritoneal glucose absorption.
The Effect of Advanced Glycation End-Products and Aminoguanidine on Tnfα Production by Rat Peritoneal Macrophages
Authors: Rashid Gloria , Luzon Ami-Ad , Korzets Ze'ev , Klein Osnat , Zeltzer Ella , Bernheim Jacques 
Published: February 2020

Objective To evaluate the effect of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and the inhibitor of their formation, aminoguanidine, on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) production (as a functional marker) by rat peritoneal macrophages (PMΦ). Design Charles River rats underwent a daily intraperitoneal injection of peritoneal dialysis solution [(PDS), 4.25 g/dL dextrose; Dialine, Travenol, Ashdod, Israel] for a 2-month period (group E). Another group of rats was subjected to the same protocol with the addition of 25 mg/kg aminoguanidine (group A). Three control groups were utilized: ( 1 ) rats that were injected daily with aminoguanidine only (group AO), ( 2 ) rats that were injected with Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (group D), and ( 3 ) rats in which no intervention was carried out (group C). After 2 months, PMΦ were isolated from rat peritoneal effluent and their TNFα production measured by ELISA in cell-free culture supernatants, in both the basal state and after 24-hour stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The concentrations of AGEs in peritoneal effluent were assayed and correlated to TNFα levels. PMΦ obtained from normal rats were then incubated for 24 hours with ( 1 ) the peritoneal effluent of each of the above respective groups, with or without LPS; ( 2 ) increasing concentrations of AGEs (0 - 250 μg/mL); and ( 3 ) increasing concentrations of aminoguanidine (0 - 7.5 mg/mL), and TNFα secretion again determined. Results After 2 months of daily intraperitoneal injection of PDS, in the basal state, TNFα production was significantly higher in PMΦ isolated from the peritoneal effluent groups (groups E, A, and AO) compared to controls (group C). Following LPS stimulation, a further increase in TNFα secretion was seen, with a significantly greater response in group AO versus groups E, A, and D. Effluent AGEs were markedly elevated only in group E. No correlation was found between TNFα secretion by these PMΦ and the concentration of AGEs. On incubation with the respective peritoneal effluents (groups E, A, and AO), in both the basal and stimulated state, TNFα production by PMΦ from normal rats was significantly enhanced compared to group C. Incubation with increasing concentrations of AGEs or aminoguanidine resulted in an increase of TNFα secretion by these PMΦ. Conclusions Following intermittent intraperitoneal administration of glucose-based PDS, rat PMΦ are chronically activated, as evidenced by increased basal TNFα secretion. The peritoneal effluent of such treated animals is capable of stimulating TNFα production by normal rat PMΦ. These data suggest that glucose-based PDS acts as a primer of PMΦ, which retain their ability to further stimulation by LPS. Although, in vitro, AGEs promote TNFα secretion by normal rat PMΦ, in vivo, their influence is probably modulated by other factors. Aminoguanidine has a specific inducing effect on rat PMΦ, independent of glucose-based PDS.
Comparison of Hemostatic Disturbances between Patients on Capd and Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Malyszko Jolanta , Malyszko Jacek S. , Mysliwiec Michal 
Published: February 2020

Objective Disturbances in hemostasis are common findings in uremic patients. Both bleeding diathesis and thrombosis are observed. The purpose of this study was to assess whether renal replacement therapy in the form of hemodialysis (HD) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) affects coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with end-stage renal failure. Design Comparison of hemostatic measures in patients on CAPD, HD, and matched healthy controls. Setting Department of Nephrology and Internal Medicine, Bialystok University School of Medicine. Patients and Methods Twenty-four HD patients and 23 CAPD patients were evaluated with respect to platelet aggregation, hemostatic parameters, serum lipids, lipoprotein(a), and cytokines [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-1 (IL-1)]. Interventions Four exchanges of CAPD per day, using 2.0 L dialysate over a period of 25 ± 31 months; or 4 – 5 hours of HD 3 times per week for a period of 31 ± 22 months. Results Platelet aggregation in whole blood and platelet-rich plasma was significantly impaired in both groups of dialyzed patients compared to healthy volunteers. Markers of endothelial cell injury (thrombomodulin and von Willebrand factor) were significantly higher in HD and CAPD patients compared to the control group. A similar pattern of changes was observed for lipoprotein(a), fibrinogen, tissue factor pathway activity, and factor VII activity. Activity of factor X was significantly enhanced in CAPD compared to HD patients and controls. Euglobulin clot lysis time was significantly prolonged in HD and CAPD patients over controls, being more prolonged in CAPD patients. Markers of ongoing coagulation (thrombin–antithrombin complexes and prothrombin fragments 1+2) were higher in uremic patients, significantly higher in CAPD than in HD. A marker of ongoing fibrinolysis (plasmin–antiplasmin complexes) was higher in uremic patients but was lower in CAPD than in HD patients. Concentrations of TNFα and IL-1 were higher in HD than in CAPD patients. Conclusion Patients on CAPD showed evidence of a higher degree of hypercoagulation than HD patients. Thus, hemostatic abnormalities in end-stage renal failure may be affected to some extent by the choice of renal replacement therapy.
Prevalence of Malnutrition Assessed by Bioimpedance Analysis and Anthropometry in Children on Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Edefonti Alberto , Picca Marina , Damiani Beatrice , Garavaglia Rosanna , Loi Silvana , Ardissino Gianluigi , Marra Giuseppina , Ghio Luciana 
Published: February 2020

Objective To evaluate the sensitivity of anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in detecting alterations in body composition of children treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD), and to determine the prevalence of malnutrition in this population, in short- and long-term PD duration, using anthropometric and BIA-derived indices. Patients Eighteen children treated with automated PD (11 males, 7 females; mean age 8.7 ± 4.7 years). Design Eighteen patients were studied using anthropometry and BIA at the start (t0) and after 6 months (t1) of PD, 15 of these patients at 12 months (t2), and 8 at 24 months (t3) of PD. Midarm muscle circumference (MAMC), arm muscle area (AMA), and arm fat area (AFA) were calculated from anthropometric measures according to Frisancho (FrisanchoAR. New norms of upper limb fat and muscle areas for assessment of nutritional status. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; 34:2540–5.). The bioelectrical measures of resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) were obtained directly from the impedance signal; phase angle (PA) and distance (D) were calculated using mathematical formulas. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric measurements and BIA-derived indices, expressed as standard deviation scores (SDS), and by a score system based on BIA and anthropometric parameters. The percentage of children with values of anthropometric and BIA-derived indices below the 3rd percentile or between the 3rd and 25th percentiles, and the percentage of children with scores of 7 – 12 and 4 – 6 were calculated in order to detect patients with severe or moderate derangement of nutritional status. Results The mean SDS values of Xc, PA, and D significantly improved ( p = 0.05, p = 0.001, p = 0.02) during the first 6 months of PD and remained almost stable during the following months. The SDS values of the anthropometric indices were less compromised than those of the BIA-derived indices, particularly at the start of dialysis. By 6 months, the percentages of children with values of BIA and anthropometric indices below the 3rd percentile had decreased. The percentages of patients with moderate and severe derangement of BIA and anthropometric indices remained substantially unchanged after 12 months. However, at 24 months, the percentage of patients with moderate derangement of BIA indices increased. All these findings were confirmed by the nutritional score system. Conclusion BIA is more sensitive than anthropometry in detecting alterations in body composition of children on PD. The prevalence of malnutrition, high at the commencement of PD, decreases during the first year of treatment but not over the long term.
Intraperitoneal Ciprofloxacin and Rifampicin versus Cephradine as Initial Treatment of (C)Apd-Related Peritonitis: A Prospective Randomized Multicenter Comparison (Cipper Trial)
Authors:   for the CIPPER Trial Group, De Fijter Caroline W.H. , Ter Wee Piet M. , Oe Liem P. , Verbrugh Henri A. 
Published: February 2020

Objective The initial treatment of peritonitis has evolved from single-agent to combination regimens. The initial response rates improved with these newer regimens but relapsing peritonitis continues to occur. For biofilm-embedded or intracellularly sequestrated bacteria, a combination of intracellularly- and biofilm-active agents such as ciprofloxacin and rifampicin might be beneficial. Many Dutch centers continue to use cephradine as initial treatment, claiming clinically adequate responses with this regimen. We compared the impact of these two regimens on outcome in patients who developed a new episode of peritonitis. Design Prospective randomized open trial. Setting Multicenter study including 14 Dutch dialysis units. Patients and Interventions From October 1996 to October 1999, 367 patients from 14 centers were randomized to be treated with ciprofloxacin + rifampicin (CR; each 50 mg/L) or cephradine (C; 250 mg/L) in case of peritonitis. Of these 367 patients, 98 developed peritonitis, 44 of whom were treated with CR and 54 with C. Main Outcome Measures Clinical response, divided into early (during the 2 weeks of therapy) and late (including the following 4 weeks) response. Success was defined as disappearance of all signs and symptoms by days 4 - 6, through day 42. Bacteriological response was either success (eradication) or failure (persistence, superinfection, or eradication with relapse/reinfection). Results The groups were comparable for age, sex, duration of continuous ambulatory/automated peritoneal dialysis, and occurrence of diabetes. Bacteriological cultures in both groups revealed predominantly gram-positive micro-organisms. Initial and late clinical successes were obtained in 27/54 and 20/54 episodes (50% and 37%) in the C group, and 33/44 and 28/44 episodes (75% and 63.6%) in the CR group ( p = 0.021 and p = 0.019). Bacteriological success occurred in 29.6% in the C group, and in 59.1% in the CR group ( p = 0.026), with failure in 46.3% and 18.2%, respectively. Peritonitis episodes were bacteriologically not evaluable in 24.1% of episodes in the C group and 22.7% of episodes in the CR group, due mostly to no growth in the initial culture. Conclusion The CIPPER Trial showed ciprofloxacin + rifampicin to be superior to cephradine as empiric treatment of peritonitis.
The Organization and Implementation of a Peritoneal Dialysis Program
Authors: Clayton Sheila 
Published: February 2020

The organization of a chronic peritoneal dialysis program requires careful planning and close collaboration between nurses and doctors. In-center peritoneal dialysis should be used primarily for back-up dialysis of home PD patients with complications, and for those who cannot be dialyzed at home. If a unit has a large number of patients at home, it needs a larger number of in-center nurses to care for the increased numbers of hospitalized patients. The home peritoneal dialysis unit should be located near the center unit. The home nurses should be responsible for training, home visits, for clinics and for monthly tubing changes. The unit also needs a number of auxiliary personnel to complement the work of the training nurses.
Clinical Aspects of Peritonitis in Patients on CAPO
Authors: Fenton Stanley , Wu George , Cattran Daniel , Wadgymar Arturo , Allen Ann Frances 
Published: February 2020

Recurrent peritonitis remains the most frequent cause of CAPD failure and is potentially preventable. Patients’ non-compliance with the technique and exit-site infection may be important factors in recurrent peritonitis. Patients who remain free of peritonitis for one year are unlikely to develop recurrent peritonitis. Treatment of peritonitis should be initiated as soon as symptoms develop. Delay in treatment may lead to septicemic shock and death. Patients who have three or more episodes of peritonitis within the first year should be withdrawn from the CAPD program, if another mode of dialysis is appropriate for that patient. The reduction in the overall incidence of peritonitis in 1980 may reflect the elimination of patients with recurrent peritonitis rather than improvement in technique.
An Approach to the Statistical Analysis of Peritonitis Data from Patients on CAPD
Authors: Corey Paul 
Published: February 2020

1. The distribution of peritoneal infections at any time during the CAPD program is random. This does not necessarily mean that the patients with high infection rates do not have identifiable characteristics that could be used in patient selection, but rather that these characteristics themselves could be randomly distributed among the patients. 2. The median time to first infection is about 260 days and is the same for males and females. 3. The median time between first and second infection is approximately 300 days. 4. The time to first infection and the infection rate per patient are negatively related to the calendar time of entry into the CAPD program, i.e., patients who entered the program later, tended to experience a lower infection rate. 5. The increase in risk of failure on the CAPD program for patients who have at least one infection in the first 90 to 150 days in the program is greater than three. 6. The increase in risk of failure on the CAPD program increases by at least 3% per annum, i.e., for each additional year on CAPD, the risk of failure increases over that of the previous year by 3%.
Spontaneous Hypogl Ycemia during Contlf\iuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)
Authors: Smithard David , Khanna Ramesh , Ryan Douglas , From George , Oreopoulos Dimitrios G. 
Published: February 2020

We report a CAPD patient with peritonitis who developed spontaneous hypoglycemia. In spite of dialysis with hypertonic solutions and intravenous infusions of dextrose, the plasma glucose remained low. Subsequently the patient was found to be suffering from acute liver failure; hypoglycemia improved only when liver function improved four days later. In previously reported cases of spontaneous hypoglycemia among patients on hemodialysis, the main causes seem to have been impaired hepatic gluconeogenesis due to Bblockade, mild hepatic necrosis or some specific effect of azotemia on hepatic enzymes