bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Maximal Mean and Critical Speed and Metabolic Powers in Elite and Sub-elite Soccer
Authors: Lord Cameron , Blazevich Anthony John , Abbiss Chris Richard , Drinkwater Eric James , Ma’ayah Fadi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe quantification of maximal mean speed (MMS), maximal mean metabolic power (MMPmet), critical speed (CS) and critical metabolic power (CPmet) was conducted over full A-League (elite) and National Premier League (NPL; sub-elite) seasons. Comparisons were made between levels of soccer competition and playing positions (i. e. centre backs, full backs, central midfielders, wide midfielders and strikers). A symmetric moving average algorithm was applied to the GPS raw data using specific time windows (i. e. 1, 5, 10, 60, 300 and 600 s) and maximal values were obtained. Additionally, these maximal values were used to derive estimates of CS and CPmet. Maximal mean values, particularly during smaller time windows (i. e. 1 and 5 s), were greater in A-League match play. Only MMPmet1 was identified as being consistently different between competitions (P=<0.001–0.049) in all playing positions. Significance was only observed in CS (P=0.005) and CPmet (P=0.005) of centre backs between competitions. Centre backs were identified as the least energy demanding playing position. The present findings suggests that both maximal mean and critical analyses are suitable alternatives to common absolute distance and speed assessments of match running performance during competitive matches.
Distribution of sugar-sweetened beverage sales volume by sugar content in the United States: implications for tiered taxation and tax revenue
Authors: Powell Lisa M. , Andreyeva Tatiana , Isgor Zeynep 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study draws on data on sales volume, brand-level market shares, and sugar content to calculate the distribution of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) sales volume by sugar content, propose sugar content thresholds for a tiered tax structure, and estimate tax revenue. The most common SSBs sold had 26 g of sugar/8-oz serving; 70.8% had ≥ 25 g of sugar/8-oz serving, 16.9% were in the 10–15 g range, and 8.7% were in the 16–20 g range. A tiered tax with cut points at < 20 g and < 5 g of sugar/8-oz serving is proposed. A tax of 1¢/oz for SSBs in the second tier and 2¢/oz in third tier is projected to raise $18.2 billion in tax revenue similar to the 1.5¢/oz flat tax projection ($18.0 billion) but would yield 9% lower SSB volume. Understanding the distribution of SSB sales volume by sugar content informs policymakers on tiered tax structures, which may discourage consumption of SSBs with high levels of sugar and incentivize reformulation.
Sesamin promotes angiogenesis and accelerates wound healing in rats via alleviates TBHP-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Ye Sunzhi , Wang Wei , Chen Xiaoyan , Deng Yingbin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Acute stress induces tissue damage through excessive cellular apoptosis. In our study, the effects of sesamin on apoptosis and wound healing were investigated. The angiogenesis effect of sesamin was evaluated by the abilities of adherence, migration and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Our data demonstrated that treatment with sesamin dose-dependently promoted the proliferation, adherence, migration and enhanced their angiogenic ability in vitro. Moreover, the increased apoptosis in HUVECs, which stimulated by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) was significantly attenuated by the sesamin treatment. Furthermore, we revealed that neogenesis of granulation tissue and deposition and remodeling of the collagen matrix were accelerated by the administration of sesamin in our in vivo study. These results confirm that sesamin accelerates wound healing at least partly through its antiapoptotic effects on endothelial cells at the injury site. Thus, sesamin represents a potential therapeutic medicine for vessel injury-related wounds.
Enhanced molecular yield from a cryogenic buffer gas beam source via excited state chemistry
Authors: Jadbabaie Arian , Pilgram Nickolas H , Kłos Jacek , Kotochigova Svetlana , Hutzler Nicholas R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We use narrow-band laser excitation of Yb atoms to substantially enhance the brightness of a cold beam of YbOH, a polyatomic molecule with high sensitivity to physics beyond the standard model (BSM). By exciting atomic Yb to the metastable 3P1 state in a cryogenic environment, we significantly increase the chemical reaction cross-section for collisions of Yb with reactants. We characterize the dependence of the enhancement on the properties of the laser light, and study the final state distribution of the YbOH products. The resulting bright, cold YbOH beam can be used to increase the statistical sensitivity in searches for new physics utilizing YbOH, such as electron electric dipole moment and nuclear magnetic quadrupole moment experiments. We also perform new quantum chemical calculations that confirm the enhanced reactivity observed in our experiment and compare reaction pathways of Yb(3P) with the reactants H2O and H2O2. More generally, our work presents a broad approach for improving experiments that use cryogenic molecular beams for laser cooling and precision measurement searches of BSM physics.
Single hadron multiplicities in SIDIS @ COMPASS
Authors: Bedfer Yann 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Single haron multiplicities in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) provide an important input for the understanding of the hadronisation process and its description in terms of Fragmentation Functions (FFs). COMPASS collaboration has undertaken a programme of measurements of these observables. I first give an overview of the results obtained in the range 0.20 < z < 0.85 for the fraction z of the virtual photon energy carried by the hadron. And I then focus on the multiplicity charge ratio, h
−/h
+, at large z, which results challenge the conventional picture of a factorisation between FFs and Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs).
Physics with charmonia at the SPD experiment
Authors: Denisenko Igor 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The J/ψ production is a powerful probe of hadron structure, which is complementary to other parts of the SPD physics program. In this work, the current experimental status and modern theoretical approaches to J/ψ and charmonia production are reviewed. In this context, the SPD performance and feasibility of key measurements are discussed.
COMPASS measurement of hard exclusive π0 muoproduction cross-section
Authors: Pešková Markéta 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
One of the goals of the COMPASS experimental program is the measurement of exclusive processes. The exclusive processes, such as Deep Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) or Hard Exclusive Meson Production, are important inputs for constraining the General Parton Distributions (GPDs). Exclusive π
0 production is the main source of background for DVCS process, while it provides important information on chiral-odd GPDs. The dedicated GPD program started with a one month pilot run in 2012, followed by two full years of data taking in 2016-2017, using 160 GeV/c positive and negative muon beams, a liquid hydrogen target and new detectors such as a recoil proton detector and a large-angle electromagnetic calorimeter. Our results of the exclusive π0 production from the 2012 pilot run, recently submitted to publication, are presented. Using average of both μ
+ and μ
− data, the γ*p cross section is extracted as a function of the squared four-momentum transfer t, and of the azimuthal angle ϕ between the scattering plane and the π
0 production plane. The average kinematics of the measurement are ⟨Q
2⟩ = 2.0 (GeV/c)2, ⟨ν⟩ = 12.8 GeV, ⟨xB
⟩ = 0.093, and ⟨−t⟩ = 0.256 (GeV/c)2. A comparison of our results with the phenomenological Goloskokov-Kroll model are shown. Prospect are given on upcoming results of the 2016/17 measurement.
Bio-inspired neuromuscular reflex based hopping controller for a segmented robotic leg
Authors: Zhao Guoping , Szymanski Florian , Seyfarth Andre 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
It has been shown that human-like hopping can be achieved by muscle reflex control in neuromechanical simulations. However, it is unclear if this concept is applicable and feasible for controlling a real robot. This paper presents a low-cost two-segmented robotic leg design and demonstrates the feasibility and the benefits of the bio-inspired neuromuscular reflex based control for hopping. Simulation models were developed to describe the dynamics of the real robot. Different neuromuscular reflex pathways were investigated with the simulation models. We found that stable hopping can be achieved with both positive muscle force and length feedback, and the hopping height can be controlled by modulating the muscle force feedback gains with the return maps. The force feedback neuromuscular reflex based controller is robust against body mass and ground impedance changes. Finally, we implemented the controller on the real robot to prove the feasibility of the proposed neuromuscular reflex based control idea. This paper demonstrates the neuromuscular reflex based control approach is feasible to implement and capable of achieving stable and robust hopping in a real robot. It provides a promising direction of controlling the legged robot to achieve robust dynamic motion in the future.
Wide-field time-gated SPAD imager for phasor-based FLIM applications
Authors: Ulku Arin , Ardelean Andrei , Antolovic Michel , Weiss Shimon , Charbon Edoardo , Bruschini Claudio , Michalet Xavier 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We describe the performance of a new wide area time-gated single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array for phasor-FLIM, exploring the effect of gate length, gate number and signal intensity on the measured lifetime accuracy and precision. We conclude that the detector functions essentially as an ideal shot noise limited sensor and is capable of video rate FLIM measurement. The phasor approach used in this work appears ideally suited to handle the large amount of data generated by this type of very large sensor (512 × 512 pixels), even in the case of small number of gates and limited photon budget.
Synergistic construction of thermally conductive network in polybenzoxazine with boron nitride hybrid fillers
Authors: Yi Wang , Wu Wei , Drummer Dietmar , Shen Wanting , Chao Liu , Ning Wang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Synergistic effect between micrometer boron nitride/nanometer boron nitride (mBN/nBN) at different mass ratio was investigated. Hybrid fillers of mBN/nBN at certain ratio (mBN:nBN = 1:1) performed best synergistic improvement of thermal conductivities of mBN/nBN/polybenzoxazine (mBN/nBN/PBz) composites fabricated via ball-milling followed by a hot-compression method. The effect of hybrid mBN/nBN fillers on thermally conductive coefficient (λ), curing behavior and thermal stability was also studied. The λ value was improved from 0.2276 W · m−1 · K−1 for pristine PBz to 0.9196 W · m−1 · K−1 for (m/n)BN/PBz composites with 25 wt% hybrid filler. Agari model fitting revealed that mBN/nBN hybrid fillers constructed thermally conductive networks much easier than mBN did. The curing behavior and thermal stability of (m/n)BN/PBz composites were dampened with the addition of m/n hybrid fillers. Also, the addition amount of (m/n)BN hybrid filler had great influence on filler alignment in the matrix.
RETRACTED: Comparative study of hot corrosion behavior of thermal sprayed alumina and titanium oxide reinforced alumina coatings on boiler steel
Authors: Singh Gurdeep , Kumar Santosh , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The current work evaluates the effect of hot corrosion on ASTM-SA213-T-22 Steel with a coating of 100Al2O3 and 20TiO2-Al2O3 at 900 °C in the molten salt environment of (Na2SO4-60% V2O5). The coatings were sprayed by plasma spray technique. The bare and coated samples were placed inside the muffle furnace at 900 °C for 50 cycles. Each cycle consisted of heating for 1 h and 20 min of cooling at ambient temperature. The kinetics of hot corrosion was analyzed by measuring mass gain after each cycle. The results were achieved by using visual examination, mass change measurement, XRD and SEM/EDS analysis. The result revealed that bare steel was more affected with corrosion and gained more mass due to the development of iron oxide (Fe2O3) than the coated sample. Fe2O3 and Cr2O3 were found as major phase in oxide scale of T-22 uncoated steel specimen. The 100Al2O3 and 20TiO2-Al2O3 coated specimen indicated the reduction in mass gain by 25.41% and 67.02% respectively as compared to uncoated specimen. Al2O3 coating with the combination of TiO2 showed better adhesion properties. The presence of TiO2 enhanced the durability and strength of Al2O3 coating to withstand high temperatures.
Facile synthesis of ultrafine and high purity spherical strontium carbonate via gas-liquid reaction
Authors: Zou Xingwu , Wang Yanan , Liang Shudong , Duan Dongping 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this work, a simple gas-liquid precipitation reaction was developed to fabricate spherical strontium carbonate (SrCO3) particles using strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid strontium salt (EDTA-Sr) as raw materials. The effects of the concentration of EDTA-Sr and Sr(OH)2, airflow rate of CO2 and reaction temperature on the morphology of SrCO3 were investigated. The results showed that spherical SrCO3 particles can be formed when the concentration of EDTA-Sr reached 0.02 M as well as that of Sr(OH)2 was less than 0.1 M. The airflow rate of CO2 gas had little effect on the spherical morphology, and SrCO3 microsphere with good dispersion could be obtained when the reaction temperature reached 50 °C. Under the optimal conditions ([EDTA-Sr] = 0.02 M, [Sr(OH)2] = 0.1 M, 50 °C, [CO2] = 1 l min−1), high purity spherical SrCO3 particles with diameter of 200–800 nm can be easily obtained. Finally, the growth mechanism of spherical SrCO3 has been preliminarily presented, which indicated that EDTA-Sr is an excellent structure-directing agent for forming pherical SrCO3 particles. Our work offers an effective method for large-scale production of high purity spherical SrCO3.
Effect of rolling deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Sn-3Al-1Zn alloy
Authors: Wei Fuan , Zhang Zhengang , Shi Bo , Yang Chen , Wang Jinhui 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Mg-6Sn-3Al-1Zn alloys treated with the solid solution were induced 25%, 45%, 65% and 85% rolling deformation at 400 °C, respectively. The microstructures of as-rolled magnesium alloys were analyzed by XRD, OM, SEM and TEM, the mechanical properties were also measured. The results revealed that the rolled Mg-6Sn-3Al-1Zn alloys were composed of α-Mg matrix phase and Mg2Sn second phase, Mg2Sn distributed at the grain boundaries and intra-grains. With the increasing of the rolling deformation, the volume fraction of Mg2Sn phase distributed at the grain boundaries firstly decreased and then stabilized, the average size of Mg2Sn phase firstly increased and then decreased, the Mg2Sn phase distributed inside the grains gradually transformed from a rod shape to a spherical shape, the volume fraction of the recrystallized grains gradually increased and the average size of the recrystallized grains early decreased and eventually almost unchanged. When the rolling deformation exceeded 25%, the value of tensile strength and Vickers hardness of the Mg-6Sn-3Al-1Zn alloys increased with the rolling deformation. However, when the rolling deformation exceeded 65%, the elongation of the magnesium alloys diminished, however, the strength of as-rolled magnesium alloys did not increase significantly when the amount of rolling deformation increased from 65% to 85%. The mechanical properties were the best when the amount of rolling deformation reached 65%. Meanwhile, the volume fraction and area of Mg2Sn phase distributed on the grain boundaries were 2.9%, 105.5 μm2, the volume fraction and average grain size of recrystallized grains were 87% and 2.2 μm, respectively. In addition, it was worth noting that the Mg2Sn phase distributed inside the grains was radically converted into a spherical shape, and the tensile strength, elongation, hardness of the alloy were 317 MPa, 13% and 77.52 HV, respectively.
Investigation of temperature-induced wear transition of an Mg-10Gd-1.4Y-0.4Zr alloy under non-lubricated sliding conditions
Authors: Wang Yuanbo , Sun Yuan , Liu Zhihui , An Jian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The friction and wear behavior of an Mg-10Gd-1.4Y-0.4Zr alloy were investigated in detail within a temperature range of 20 °C–200 °C in order to clarify temperature-induced mild-severe (M-S) wear transition mechanism and verify if contact surface dynamic recrystallization (DRX) temperature criterion can be applicable to elevated temperature M-S wear transition. Coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate (WR) were plotted against applied load at each test temperature, from which M-S wear transition loads were identified. A wear mechanism transition map was created on test temperature-applied load coordinate system, in which the mild wear region i.e. a safe working region in engineering application was indicated. The M-S wear transition mechanism was proved to be DRX softening by microstructural examination and hardness measurement in subsurfaces. The effects of precipitation and static recrystallization (SRX) occurred at temperatures of 150 °C–200 °C on M-S wear transition were also assessed. According to surface DRX temperature criterion, the transition loads were calculated at temperatures of 20 °C–200 °C, and the results identified applicability of the criterion to wear tests at elevated temperatures.
Liver lesion localisation and classification with convolutional neural networks: a comparison between conventional and spectral computed tomography
Authors: Shapira Nadav , Fokuhl Julia , Schultheiß Manuel , Beck Stefanie , Kopp Felix K , Pfeiffer Daniela , Dangelmaier Julia , Pahn Gregor , Sauter Andreas P , Renger Bernhard , Fingerle Alexander A , Rummeny Ernst J , Albarqouni Shadi , Navab Nassir , Noël Peter B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the benefit of the additional available information present in spectral CT datasets, as compared to conventional CT datasets, when utilizing convolutional neural networks for fully automatic localisation and classification of liver lesions in CT images. Materials and Methods: Conventional and spectral CT images (iodine maps, virtual monochromatic images (VMI)) were obtained from a spectral dual-layer CT system. Patient diagnosis were known from the clinical reports and classified into healthy, cyst and hypodense metastasis. In order to compare the value of spectral versus conventional datasets when being passed as input to machine learning algorithms, we implemented a weakly-supervised convolutional neural network (CNN) that learns liver lesion localisation without pixel-level ground truth annotations. Regions-of-interest are selected automatically based on the localisation results and are used to train a second CNN for liver lesion classification (healthy, cyst, hypodense metastasis). The accuracy of lesion localisation was evaluated using the Euclidian distances between the ground truth centres of mass and the predicted centres of mass. Lesion classification was evaluated by precision, recall, accuracy and F1-Score. Results: Lesion localisation showed the best results for spectral information with distances of 8.22 ± 10.72 mm, 8.78 ± 15.21 mm and 8.29 ± 12.97 mm for iodine maps, 40 keV and 70 keV VMIs, respectively. With conventional data distances of 10.58 ± 17.65 mm were measured. For lesion classification, the 40 keV VMIs achieved the highest overall accuracy of 0.899 compared to 0.854 for conventional data. Conclusion: An enhanced localisation and classification is reported for spectral CT data, which demonstrates that combining machine-learning technology with spectral CT information may in the future improve the clinical workflow as well as the diagnostic accuracy.
A Comprehensive Study of Complexity and Performance of Automatic Detection of Atrial Fibrillation: Classification of Long ECG Recordings Based on the PhysioNet Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2017
Authors: Kleyko Denis , Osipov Evgeny , Wiklund Urban 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective: The 2017 PhysioNet/CinC Challenge focused on automatic classification of atrial fibrillation (AF) in short ECGs. This study aimed to evaluate the use of the data and results from the challenge for detection of AF in longer ECGs, taken from three other PhysioNet datasets. Approach: The used data-driven models were based on features extracted from ECG recordings, calculated according to three solutions from the challenge. A Random Forest classifier was trained with the data from the challenge. The performance was evaluated on all non-overlapping 30 s segments in all recordings from three MIT-BIH datasets. Fifty-six models were trained using different feature sets, both before and after applying three feature reduction techniques. Main Results: Based on rhythm annotations, the AF proportion was 0.00 in the MIT-BIH Normal Sinus Rhythm (N = 46083 segments), 0.10 in the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia (N = 2880), and 0.41 in the MIT-BIH Atrial Fibrillation (N = 28104) dataset. For the best performing model, the corresponding detected proportions of AF were 0.00, 0.11 and 0.36 using all features, and 0.01, 0.10 and 0.38 when using the 15 best performing features. Significance: The results obtained on the MIT-BIH datasets indicate that the training data and solutions from the 2017 Physionet/Cinc Challenge can be useful tools for developing robust AF detectors also in longer ECG recordings, even when using a low number of carefully selected features. The use of feature selection allows significantly reducing the number of features while preserving the classification performance, which can be important when building low-complexity AF classifiers on ECG devices with constrained computational and energy resources.
Generating electromagnetic dark and antidark partially coherent sources
Authors: Hyde Milo W 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We present two methods to generate an electromagnetic dark and antidark partially coherent source. The first generalizes a recently published scalar approach by representing the stochastic electric field vector components as sums of randomly weighted, randomly tilted plane waves. The second method expands the field’s vector components in series of randomly weighted dark and antidark coherent modes. The statistical moments of the random weights—plane waves in the former method, coherent modes in the latter—are found by comparing the resulting means and covariances to those of the desired electromagnetic dark and antidark source. We validate both methods by simulating the generation of an electromagnetic dark or antidark source and comparing the simulated results to the corresponding theoretical predictions. We find that both methods converge to the theoretical, ensemble-averaged (long-time-averaged) statistics within roughly 500 random field instances. The methods presented in this paper will find use in applications that utilize dark and antidark beams, e.g. atomic optics and optical trapping.