bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Martin Buber’s View of Biblical Leadership and His View of the Eternal Thou
Authors: Breslauer S. Daniel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Recent studies have renewed focus on Martin Buber’s “theopolitics” in contrast to “theological politics.” The present study expands this work by looking at what Buber meant by God. His approach to the Bible, informed by his view that “extended, the lines of relationship meet in the Eternal Thou,” illuminates his analysis of the five types of biblical leadership. That analysis, far from separating “religion” and “politics,” seemed to assume what might be designated a civil religion. The social order was integrated with religious concerns. Underneath the socio-religious surface, however, Buber discerned universal principles of relationship. Analyzing each stage in biblical leadership as Buber presented it shows how he extended the lines of historical relationships to reveal an aspect of the Eternal Thou.
The “And” of History: Thinking Side by Side in Rosenzweig’s Imagination of Eternity
Authors: Biemann Asher D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Franz Rosenzweig’s Star of Redemption culminates in an aesthetic configuration of simultaneous presences: world, man, God, creation, revelation, and redemption are viewed in a metahistorical side-by-side, connected by the “factualizing power of the And.” But the idea of simultaneity, which is central to Rosenzweig’s configurative thinking, belongs to the historical imagination as much as it belongs to the theological “breaking through the shackles of time.” Rosenzweig’s “and” belongs to both a tradition of cosmic-aesthetic historicism (Meinecke) and the philosophical reconstitution of time as a simultaneous perception. In the co-presence of all historical moments, history’s hidden Gestalt, which only a people that is at once old and young can envision, connects the “and” of history with what Hegel considered history’s end—its ultimate self-recognition. Eternity, then, means neither flight from, nor resistance to, history’s naked fact, but the recognition of history’s Gestalt as an image that “does not tolerate epochs.”
Picture and Story: On the Use of Visual Imagery in the Writing of Rabbi Nahman of Bratslav
Authors: Mark Zvi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Rabbi Nahman’s philosophical and literary work has generated great interest among artists in various fields over the course of the last few decades, an interest of such degree and power that it has no equal in the traditional Jewish world. In this article, I will discuss one element of Rabbi Nahman’s spiritual world that may explain to some degree the attraction of his work to painters and other artists who deal with visual arts, which is the important role of visions in his spiritual world and in his writings. I will also demonstrate how Rabbi Nahman uses the tools of visual imagery not only in his literary work but also in his philosophical work, as compiled in his two-volume book of sermons, Likutei Moharan (Collected Teachings of the Master), published in 1806 and 1811. I will then discuss the connection between the narrative and visual layers of Rabbi Nahman’s work and worldview.
Cosmopolitanism, Activism and Arab Documentary Film
Authors: Wessels Josepha Ivanka 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Since the 1970s, Arab documentary filmmakers have highlighted struggles for personal freedom, dignity and democracy by those restricted by oppressive systems of colonialism, occupation and authoritarianism. In this article I study four contemporary Arab documentary films to identify a path vital for the rethinking of cosmopolitanism and global citizenship in Middle East studies. After the 2011 global interest in the Arab uprisings, Syrian and Palestinian documentaries rose to acclaim at international film festivals, and won Emmys and Oscar nominations. The often character-led stories of these films defy orientalist views of the Middle East. Creative global communities at international film festivals are emerging, where Arab documentary filmmakers and their non-elitist stories connect on various humanistic, sociocultural and political levels with non-Arab peers. In this article my aim is to contribute to a redefinition of cosmopolitanism, one not based on the rationalism of the Enlightenment but on the universality of human emotion and sentiment.
Entretien sur l’histoire du matérialisme
Authors: Moreau Pierre-François , Wolfe Charles T. 
Published: November 2020

Résumé
Charles Wolfe vient de publier Lire le matérialisme (ENS Éditions, 2020), où il esquisse une histoire des différentes formes de matérialisme, y compris le matérialisme vitaliste et les versions du XXe et du XXIe siècle. Pierre-François Moreau, auteur de la préface de l’ouvrage, entame ici une discussion sur les problèmes et les ressources d’une telle histoire.
Colony, Metropole, and the Ocean in Between
Authors: Kuipers Matthijs 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Kris Alexanderson’s Subversive Seas showcases the worth of combining thorough archival research with critical literary reading techniques. Her research brings new vigor to subfields of history with a penchant for antiquarianism, like Dutch maritime history, but it also prompts questions regarding the direction of new imperial history. Alexanderson’s history of Dutch imperial shipping lines fits a number of historiographical trends, most importantly the ‘archival turn’ in histories of empire, but also reminds us of some of the limits of ‘reading along the archival grain’, as anticolonial voices are sometimes simply absent or muffled in colonial archives.
Enlightenment and Modernity, Historians and Philosophers
Authors: Robertson John 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Since the 1990s, historians of the Enlightenment have been notably keen to emphasise their subject’s contribution to modernity. In doing so, they have not shied away from ground usually occupied by philosophers, identifying Enlightenment’s modernity with a system of values and even with specific philosophical positions. This article asks how this has come about, and what have been its consequences. It does so by offering an account of Enlightenment historians’ relations with philosophy since the 1960s, when Franco Venturi repudiated Ernst Cassirer’s philosophical understanding of Enlightenment and urged historians to adopt a different approach. Before 1989, it will be argued, historical study of Enlightenment expanded rapidly but with little reference to philosophers, or interest in demonstrating the modernity of Enlightenment. It was the challenge of Postmodernism (however intellectually chaotic it seemed) in the 1980s, and still more Jürgen Habermas’s vigorous espousal of modernity, which gave historians their cue. Three dimensions of the ensuing association of Enlightenment with modernity are identified: Enlightenment and the public sphere; Radical Enlightenment and one-substance metaphysics; and Enlightenment as cosmopolitan and global. In conclusion, it is argued that while this enthusiasm for modernity appears to be on the wane, the episode has underlined the impossibility of separating historical and philosophical study of Enlightenment.
Cell wall changes under compression combined with steam treatment in relation to wood hygroscopicity
Authors: Yin Jiangping , Guo Juan , Lyu Jianxiong , Yin Yafang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Compression combined with steam (CS) treatment is postulated to be an environmentally friendly and efficient modification method to improve the dimensional stability, durability, and mechanical strength of wood. The influences of CS treatment with different radial compression ratios (RCRs) (25% and 50%) and different steam temperatures (140, 160 and 180°C) on chemical components, porosity, and hygroscopicity of earlywood and latewood in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) were investigated respectively on a cellular level by imaging Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) microscopy, Confocal Raman Microscopy (CRM), nitrogen adsorption and dynamic vapor sorption (DVS). The results indicated that the degradation of carbonyl groups of the glucuronic acid component of xylan in earlywood and latewood was mainly responsible for the low hygroscopicity of CS-treated wood. Also, a significant decrease in the amount of C=O and C=C linked to the lignin aromatic skeleton involved in either crosslinking reactions or the degradation reactions could be another contributor to the reduction in wood hygroscopicity. CS-treated wood with a steam temperature of 180°C possessed a lower hygroscopicity that correlated well with the depolymerization of crystalline and amorphous cellulose. A more deformed structure of CS-treated wood led to the formation of greater amounts of mesopores in the cell walls, which could lead to increased degradation of the chemical components of wood cell walls. Furthermore, a higher equilibrium moisture content (EMC) level was found for CS-treated wood with a 50% compression ratio compared to a 25% compression ratio.
Irregular Moroccan Units in a Regular War
Authors: Bychou Otman 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article examines French and American observers’ perceptions of Moroccan goumiers’ participation in the Second World War. For these Western commentators, including soldiers and military officials, the goumiers were often stereotyped either in terms of positive assumptions about their bravery, or otherwise negative depictions of their supposedly bestial violence and seemingly ‘exotic’ appearance. Situating these military perceptions of goumier troops against previous research on French understandings of Moroccan irregulars, this article contrasts these external accounts of the soldiers, with veterans’ own accounts of their military service. Stereotypical accounts of the goumiers’ bravery and excessive violence are contrasted against veterans’ own valuation of combat in religious and cultural terms, as well as the linguistic politics of the term goumier. While concerned with drawing attention to Moroccan contributions to the conflict, the article also contributes to a wider literature concerning African veterans’ voices.
Combat at High Altitude: The South African Experience in East Africa, 1941
Authors: Kleynhans Evert 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Mountainous terrain has distinctly influenced combat operations throughout history. Warfare at high altitude often takes place in extreme weather conditions and over difficult terrain, which is largely considered to be inaccessible, inhospitable, and at times lacking any apparent strategic or operational value. As a result, combat operations at high altitudes are traditionally infantry affairs. The South African deployment to East Africa during the Second World War was for the most part characterised by highly mobile operations, across deserts and scrubland, where infantry, armour and artillery deployed in a mutually supportive role. The penultimate battles of the East African campaign were, however, fought in extremely severe terrain, where the South African troops would experience the harsh realities of mountain warfare for the first time during the war. This article broadly investigates the exigencies of mountain warfare, and critically reflects on the South African wartime experience of mountain warfare in East Africa.
Contrasting Behaviors between the Rapidly Intensifying and Slowly Intensifying Tropical Cyclones in the North Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Basins
Authors: Wang Xinxi , Jiang Haiyan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBased on 35-yr (1982–2016) best track and Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme data, this study examined climatology of rapidly intensifying (RI) and slowly intensifying (SI) events as well as their time evolutions of storm-related and environmental parameters for tropical cyclones (TCs) in both North Atlantic (AL) and eastern North Pacific (EP) basins. Major hurricanes were intensified mainly through RI while tropical depression and tropical storms were intensified through SI. The percentage of TCs that underwent RI peaks in the late hurricane season whereas the percentage of TCs that underwent SI peaks early. For the first time in the literature, this study found that RI events have significantly different storm-related and environmental characteristics than SI events for before-, during-, and after-event stages. In both AL and EP basins, RI events always intensify significantly faster during the previous 12 h, are located farther south, and have warmer sea surface and 200-hPa temperatures, greater ocean heat content, larger 200-hPa divergence, weaker vertical wind shear, and weaker 200-hPa westerly flow than SI events for all event-relative stages. In the AL basin, RI events have larger low-level and midlevel relative humidity and larger 850-hPa relative vorticity than SI events for all event-relative stages in the AL and most event-relative stages in the EP. RI events are associated with more convectively unstable atmosphere and are farther away from their maximum potential intensities than SI events for most event-relative stages in the AL and for all event-relative stages in the EP.
Predictive factors of early progression after CAR T-cell therapy in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Vercellino Laetitia , Di Blasi Roberta , Kanoun Salim , Tessoulin Benoit , Rossi Cedric , D'Aveni-Piney Maud , Obéric Lucie , Bodet-Milin Caroline , Bories Pierre , Olivier Pierre , Lafon Ingrid , Berriolo-Riedinger Alina , Galli Eugenio , Bernard Sophie , Rubio Marie-Thérèse , Bossard Celine , Meignin Veronique , Merlet Pascal , Feugier Pierre , Le Gouill Steven , Ysebaert Loic , Casasnovas Olivier , Meignan Michel , Chevret Sylvie , Thieblemont Catherine 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged as an option for relapsed/refractory aggressive B-cell lymphomas that have failed 2 lines of therapy. Failures usually occur early after infusion. The purpose of our study was to identify factors that may predict failure, particularly early progression (EP), within the first month after infusion. Characteristics of 116 patients were analyzed at the time of decision (TD) to use commercial CAR (axicabtagene ciloleucel, n = 49; tisagenlecleucel n = 67) and at the time of treatment (TT), together with total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) at TT. With a median follow-up of 8.2 months, 55 patients failed treatment; 27 (49%) were early progressors. The estimated 12-month progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 47.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 38.0-58.6) and 67.0% (95% CI, 57-79), respectively. Univariate analyses for PFS and OS identified Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) ≥2, stage III/IV disease, extranodal (EN) sites ≥2, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), increased C-reactive protein (CRP), high International Prognostic Index at TD and at TT, as well as increased CRP, bulky mass, and high TMTV at TT, as risk factors. Multivariate analyses for PFS, EP, and OS identified elevated LDH and EN sites ≥2 at TD and the same predictors at TT (ie, increased CRP, EN sites ≥2, and TMTV &gt;80 mL). In summary, risk factors identified for early progression at TD and at TT were EN involvement (≥2 sites) and lymphoma burden (LDH, TMTV).
Quantitative Structure–Mutation–Activity Relationship Tests (QSMART) model for protein kinase inhibitor response prediction
Authors: Huang Liang-Chin , Yeung Wayland , Wang Ye , Cheng Huimin , Venkat Aarya , Li Sheng , Ma Ping , Rasheed Khaled , Kannan Natarajan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundProtein kinases are a large family of druggable proteins that are genomically and proteomically altered in many human cancers. Kinase-targeted drugs are emerging as promising avenues for personalized medicine because of the differential response shown by altered kinases to drug treatment in patients and cell-based assays. However, an incomplete understanding of the relationships connecting genome, proteome and drug sensitivity profiles present a major bottleneck in targeting kinases for personalized medicine.ResultsIn this study, we propose a multi-component Quantitative Structure–Mutation–Activity Relationship Tests (QSMART) model and neural networks framework for providing explainable models of protein kinase inhibition and drug response ($$\hbox {IC}_{50}$$IC50) profiles in cell lines. Using non-small cell lung cancer as a case study, we show that interaction terms that capture associations between drugs, pathways, and mutant kinases quantitatively contribute to the response of two EGFR inhibitors (afatinib and lapatinib). In particular, protein–protein interactions associated with the JNK apoptotic pathway, associations between lung development and axon extension, and interaction terms connecting drug substructures and the volume/charge of mutant residues at specific structural locations contribute significantly to the observed$$\hbox {IC}_{50}$$IC50values in cell-based assays.ConclusionsBy integrating multi-omics data in the QSMART model, we not only predict drug responses in cancer cell lines with high accuracy but also identify features and explainable interaction terms contributing to the accuracy. Although we have tested our multi-component explainable framework on protein kinase inhibitors, it can be extended across the proteome to investigate the complex relationships connecting genotypes and drug sensitivity profiles.
Comparison of size distribution and (Pro249-Ser258) epitope exposure in in vitro and in vivo derived Tau fibrils
Authors: Marreiro André , Van Kolen Kristof , Sousa Cristiano , Temmerman Liesbet , Vasconcelos Bruno , Crespo-Rodriguez Rosa , van Weering Jan R. T. , Van Dam Debby , De Deyn Peter P. , Apetri Adrian , Schoofs Liliane , Mercken Marc H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Although several studies demonstrate prion-like properties of Tau fibrils, the effect of size in the seeding capacity of these aggregates is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to characterize Tau seeds by their size and seeding capacity.

Methods
Tau aggregates were isolated from postmortem AD brain tissue and separated from low molecular weight species by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. Biochemical characterization of the different fractions was done by non-reducing Western blotting and aggregate-specific immuno-assays using in house developed anti-Tau monoclonal antibodies, including PT76 which binds to an epitope close to the microtubule-binding domain and, hence, also to K18. Seeding efficiency was then assessed in HEK293 cells expressing K18 FRET sensors.

Results
We observed that upon sonication of Tau aggregates different size-distributed tau aggregates are obtained. In biochemical assays, these forms show higher signals than the non-sonicated material in some aggregation-specific Tau assays. This could be explained by an increased epitope exposure of the smaller aggregates created by the sonication. By analyzing human brain derived and recombinant (K18) Tau aggregates in a cellular FRET assay, it was observed that, in the absence of transfection reagent, sonicated aggregates showed higher aggregation induction. Preparations also showed altered profiles on native PAGE upon sonication and we could further separate different aggregate species based on their molecular weight via sucrose gradients.

Conclusions
This study further elucidates the molecular properties regarding relative aggregate size and seeding efficiency of sonicated vs. non-sonicated high molecular weight Tau species. This information will provide a better knowledge on how sonication, a commonly used technique in the field of study of Tau aggregation, impacts the aggregates. In addition, the description of PT76-based aggregation specific assay is a valuable tool to quantify K18 and human AD Tau fibrils.
Development of supermale and all-male Atlantic salmon to research the vgll3 allele - puberty link
Authors: Fjelldal Per Gunnar , Hansen Tom J. , Wargelius Anna , Ayllon Fernando , Glover Kevin A. , Schulz Rüdiger W. , Fraser Thomas W. K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Farmed Atlantic salmon are one of the most economically significant global aquaculture products. Early sexual maturation of farmed males represents a significant challenge to this industry and has been linked with the vgll3 genotype. However, tools to aid research of this topic, such as all-male and clonal fish, are still lacking. The present 6-year study examined if all-male production is possible in Atlantic salmon, a species with heteromorphic sex chromosomes (males being XY, females XX), and if all-male fish can be applied to further explore the vgll3 contribution on the likelihood of early maturation.

Results
Estrogen treatment of mixed sex yolk sac larvae gave rise to one sexually mature hermaphrodite with a male genotype (XY) that was used to produce both self-fertilized offspring and androgenetic double haploid (dh) offspring following egg activation with UV treated sperm and pressure shock to block the first mitotic division. There were YY supermales among both offspring types, which were crossed with dh females. Between 1 and 8% of the putative all-male offspring from the eight crosses with self-fertilized supermales were found to have ovaries, and 95% of these phenotypic females were also genetically female. None of the offspring from the one dh supermale cross had ovaries. When assessing the general contribution of the vgll3 locus on the likelihood of early post-smolt sexual maturation (jacking) in the all-male populations we found individuals that were homozygous for the early maturing genotype (97%) were more likely to enter puberty than individuals that were homozygous for the late maturing genotype (26%). However, the likelihood of jacking within individuals with an early/late heterozygous genotype was higher when the early allele came from the dam (94%) compared to the sire (45%).

Conclusions
The present results show that supermale Atlantic salmon are viable and fertile and can be used as a research tool to study important aspects of sexual maturation, such as to further explore the sex dependent parental genetic contribution to age at puberty in Atlantic salmon. In addition, we report the production of viable double haploid supermale fish.