bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat transfer in lattice structures during metal additive manufacturing: numerical exploration of temperature field evolution
Authors: Downing David , Leary Martin , McMillan Matthew , Alghamdi Ahmad , Brandt Milan 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
Metal additive manufacturing is an inherently thermal process, with intense localised heating and for sparse lattice structures, often rapid uneven cooling. Thermal effects influence manufactured geometry through residual stresses and may also result in non-isotropic material properties. This paper aims to increase understanding of the evolution of the temperature field during fabrication of lattice structures through numerical simulation.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses a reduced order numerical analysis based on “best-practice” compromise found in literature to explore design permutations for lattice structures and provide first-order insight into the effect of these design variables on the temperature field.

Findings
Instantaneous and peak temperatures are examined to discover trends at select lattice locations. Insights include the presence of vertical struts reduces overall lattice temperatures by providing additional heat transfer paths; at a given layer, the lower surface of an inclined strut experiences higher temperatures than the upper surface throughout the fabrication of the lattice; during fabrication of the lower layers of the lattice, isolated regions of material can experience significantly higher temperatures than adjacent regions.

Research limitations/implications
Due to the simplifying assumptions and multi-layer material additions, the findings are qualitative in nature. Future research should incorporate additional heat transfer mechanisms.

Practical implications
These findings point towards thermal differences within the lattice which may manifest as dimensional differences and microstructural changes in the built part.

Originality/value
The paper provides qualitative insights into the effect of local geometry and topology upon the evolution of temperature within lattice structures fabricated in metal additive manufacturing.
Organizational learning through projects: a case of a German university
Authors: Rose Anna-Lena , Dee Jay , Leisyte Liudvika 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
While projects can generate highly relevant knowledge to inform operations and improve performance, organizations face the difficulty of retaining knowledge once a project ceases to exist. This study aims to examine how project work can lead to organizational learning and, in particular, how knowledge transfer and social learning practices shape project-to-organization learning in a setting where projects complement a traditional functional form of organization.

Design/methodology/approach
This case study examined a project for inclusive teacher training at a German university. Data were collected and analyzed following an ethnographic approach, including participatory observation, a focus group discussion and 14 interviews with project participants.

Findings
The findings support the idea that much of the learning that occurs within projects is tacit. In this study, tacit knowledge from the project was shared with the organization through social learning practices. These social learning practices had a larger impact on project-to-organization learning than knowledge transfer practices such as codification. Additionally, the findings suggest that when knowledge transfer and social learning practices are in conflict, project-to-organization learning will likely suffer.

Originality/value
This study contributes to existing literature by examining the relative importance of technical and social dimensions of project-to-organization learning and by focusing on universities as an example of organizations where projects operate alongside a traditional functional form. Practical implications suggest that to facilitate project-to-organization learning, universities may need to enact a combination of new practices, some designed to codify and transfer knowledge and others created to generate new interpretations and build common knowledge across organizational boundaries.
Optimization of VCR engine parameters using particle swarm optimization-based desirability approach
Authors: Y. Datta Bharadwaz , Budda Govinda Rao , T. Bala Krishna Reddy 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to deal with the optimization of engine operational parameters such as load, compression ratio and blend percentage of fuel using a combined approach of particle swarm optimization (PSO) with Derringer’s desirability.

Design/methodology/approach
The performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency (BTHE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), CO, HC, NOx and smoke are considered as objectives with compression ratio, blend percentage and load as input factors. Optimization is carried out by using PSO coupled with the desirability approach.

Findings
From results, the optimum operating conditions are found to be at compression ratio of 18.5 per cent of fuel blend and 11 kg of load. At this input’s parameters of the engine, outputs performance parameters are found to be 34.84 per cent of BTHE, 0.29 kg/kWh of BSFC, 2.86 per cent of CO, 13 ppm of HC, 490 ppm of NOx and 26.25 per cent of smoke.

Originality/value
The present study explores the abilities of both particle swarm algorithm and desirability approach when used together. The combined approach resulted in faster convergence and better prediction capability. The present approach predicted performance characteristics of the variable compression ratio engine with less than 10 per cent error.
Disentangling the effects of methanogen community and environment on peatland greenhouse gas production by a reciprocal transplant experiment
Authors: Juottonen Heli 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Northern peatlands consist of a mosaic of peatland types that vary spatially and temporally and differ in their methane (CH4) production. Microbial community composition and environment both potentially control the processes that release carbon from anoxic peat either as CH4 or as carbon dioxide (CO2), a less potent greenhouse gas than CH4. However, the respective roles of these controls remain unclear, which prevents incorporating microbes in the predictions of peatland CH4 emissions.

Here, a reciprocal transplant experiment was carried out to separate the influences of microbial community and environment in CH4 and anaerobic CO2 production. Peat from an acidic Sphagnum bog and a sedge fen with higher pH was enclosed in membrane bags with a pore size of 0.2 µm, preventing microbial colonization from the outside, and transplanted in the field for 2 months.

Potential CH4 production was primarily controlled by the environment. The conditions in the bog suppressed the initially higher activity of fen methanogens and reduced CH4 production by 79%. Against expectations, the inhibition was not specific to acetate‐using Methanotrichaceae. Reciprocal transplantation favoured Methanosarcinaceae and potentially methylotrophic methanogenesis in general. Bog methanogens, mostly hydrogenotrophic Methanoregulaceae, retained their community structure and activity in the fen with a slight increase (+37%) in CH4 production.

Anaerobic CO2 production was controlled by both the microbial community and the environment. Transplantation led to increased CO2 production in both bog (+50%) and fen peat (+57%) with distinct bacterial community, showing that the new environment directed more carbon to other anaerobic processes than methanogenesis.

Taken together, these results relate differences in CH4 production of bogs and fens to ecophysiology of specific methanogen groups. The sensitiveness of fen methanogens to the acidic conditions in Sphagnum bogs can help explain the decrease in CH4 emission in the typical boreal peatland succession from young fens to older bogs. Increase in anaerobic CO2 versus CH4 production with transplantation shows that disturbances of boreal peatlands can activate poorly defined pathways of anaerobic decomposition.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
MicroRNA‐876‐5p represses the cell proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer through suppressing YAP signalling via targeting RASAL2
Authors: Ren Li , Zhang Zhiyong , Feng Yun , Luo Miaosha , Hao Zhiming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAberrant expression of microRNA‐876‐5p (miR‐876‐5p) is implicated in the progression of multiple human cancers. However, the potential role of miR‐876‐5p in colorectal cancer remains poorly understood. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the potential role of miR‐876‐5p in colorectal cancer. miR‐876‐5p expression was significantly downregulated in colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines compared with normal controls. Gain‐of‐function assays revealed that miR‐876‐5p overexpression effectively repressed the malignant behaviours of colorectal cancer cells, including cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that RAS protein activator like 2 (RASAL2), a potential oncogene for colorectal cancer, is a putative miR‐876‐5p target gene. A luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR‐876‐5p directly binds to the 3′‐untranslated region (UTR) of RASAL2. Furthermore, both RASAL2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression were negatively modulated by miR‐876‐5p in colorectal cancer cells. Notably, there was an inverse correlation between miR‐876‐5p and RASAL2 expression in colorectal cancer tissue specimens. Moreover, miR‐876‐5p was involved in regulating the activation of Yes‐associated protein (YAP) signalling through inhibiting RASAL2. However, the miR‐876‐5p‐mediated antitumour effect on colorectal cancer cells was partially reversed by restoring RASAL2 expression. Notably, miR‐876‐5p upregulation impeded the tumour growth of colorectal cancer cells in vivo in nude mice. Overall, these results demonstrated that miR‐876‐5p exerts an antitumour function in colorectal cancer by targeting RASAL2 to suppress YAP signalling activation. These findings highlight the importance of the miR‐876‐5p/RASAL2/YAP axis in colorectal cancer progression and suggest that miR‐876‐5p is a potential therapeutic target for treating colorectal cancer.
Inhibition of microRNA‐199a‐5p ameliorates oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation‐induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in HT22 neurons by targeting Brg1 to activate Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling
Authors: Li Feng , Liang Jing , Tong Hua , Zhu Shuai , Tang Dongfang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of neuronal survival during cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Accumulating evidence has shown that miR‐199a‐5p plays a crucial role in regulating apoptosis and survival in various cell types. However, whether miR‐199a is involved in regulating neuronal survival during cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the biological role of miR‐199a‐5p in regulating neuronal injury induced by oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R), an in vitro cellular model of cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion injury. We found that miR‐199a‐5p expression was significantly altered in neurons in response to OGD/R treatment. Overexpression of miR‐199a‐5p facilitated OGD/R‐induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, whereas miR‐199a‐5p inhibition alleviated OGD/R‐induced apoptosis and ROS production. Notably, our results identified Brahma‐related gene 1 (Brg1) as a target gene of miR‐199a‐5p. Moreover, inhibition of miR‐199a‐5p promoted the activation of nuclear factor‐erythroid‐2‐related factor‐2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) signalling via targeting Brg1. However, silencing of Brg1 markedly reversed the miR‐199a‐5p inhibition‐mediated neuroprotective effect. Taken together, our results suggest that downregulation of miR‐199a‐5p protects neurons from OGD/R‐induced neuronal injury through upregulating Brg1 to activate Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling. The miR‐199a‐5p/Brg1/Nrf2/HO‐1 regulation axis may play an important role in regulating neuronal survival during cerebral ischaemic/reperfusion injury in vivo.
Don't air your dirty laundry: Party leadership contests and parliamentary election outcomes
Authors: SO FLORENCE 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStaging an open contest is a democratic method to choose a party leader, though its electoral consequences remain unclear. I argue that leadership contests are electorally detrimental to governing parties. Competitive contests signal intraparty policy and/or personality conflict to voters, which damages governing parties’ perceived unity as well as competence in the policy‐making process. Thus, leadership contests undermine governing parties’ performances in parliamentary elections. Moreover, since voters evaluate governing parties’ record in office more than their rhetoric, unlike opposition parties, they cannot repair the image of incompetence/disunity by reshaping their rhetoric and/or policy direction. This implies that leadership contests damage governing parties’ electoral prospects more than they do to opposition parties’ electoral performances. Results from statistical testing with original data from 14 countries support my argument. In addition, these results are not endogenous to the contests’ timing; degree of competitiveness; leadership selection rules; whether or not the incumbent retains office; norms of contests; or how predecessors left office. These findings underscore the need to investigate the relationship between intraparty dynamics and election outcomes.
Believe in AI: Will You Pray for a Chatbot?
Authors: TORALES ANDRE 
Published: January 2020

Automation and Artificial Intelligence are defying the status quo making us rethink our jobs, our relations and, philosophically, our lives purpose. This emerging trend will affect every aspect of our lives: economically, cultural and socially speaking. If you think that Ethnographic Research is a safe harbor from all these changes, because it is so human and qualitative, you may be wrong.In this Pecha‐Kucha, I want to share a story that I, as a researcher, in face of users' pain points bigger than which button to click on an App, thought about products and services to help people using design thinking. During this side‐quest, I've faced a lot of challenges and found the answer in developing a chatbot, characterized as a Virtual God, to help people and give advice for better lives.People would tell their problems to a chatbot? People would rely on the chatbot, powered by artificial intelligence, advice, and readings? People would truly believe in the chatbot to make their wishes come true, just as a thousand‐of‐years religious god? What are the implications of AI and chatbots for our job as researchers? Let's find out together in this presentation.
Caregiver/Family Agency: Rebuilding Confidence, Play, Familiarity, and Passion in a Healthcare System
Authors: MESTAD ADAHEID L. , MOJTAHEDI AMIN 
Published: January 2020

During recovery and transition to the ‘new normal’, the loss of agency for patients and families of patients who go through a major health disruptor such as transplant, cancer, or cardio‐vascular disease can be profound. Considering this, how can acute care hospitals help solve for caregivers' loss of agency? And what does the physicality of such effort in the confines of a hospital building look like? The goal of this case study is to (1) demonstrate how ethnographic thinking and design research can help a medical center understand the needs, values, rituals, and agency of a patients and their families; (2) show socio‐spatial solutions that can support the transition to the patient's and family's new normal.The ethnographic study showed that the patients and families who go through a major health disruptor struggle with the loss of agency in various ways. While loss of agency can be obtuse, four themes emerged as contributing factors to the overall sense of loss: (1) loss of confidence; (2) loss of familiarity; (3) loss of play; (4) loss of passion. The degree of loss experienced was related to the severity of the health disruptor.Socio‐spatial design solutions resulting from the research included a significant allocation of family‐centric space (e.g., experiential learning for family caregiver education, well‐being for family support, and family connection rooms), programs, services, products, and partnerships (to relieve and provide permission) for family caregivers to regain elements of agency.This case study is written before the redesigned protocol and physical space design is completed‐and‐in‐practice. The research to‐date, however, was sufficient to persuade the client to commit to redesigning the family/caregiver experience as manifested in the design of the physical space as well as its accompanying protocols.
Borders and Walls: What Is the Agency of Architects in Geopolitical Conflicts?
Authors: LARA ANE GONZALEZ 
Published: January 2020

Boundaries and borders have generated lots of attention in the political realm of our country over the last years. The proposed Wall between the United States and Mexico has created different perspectives from architects and builders across the country. Following this debate, a question arises: What is the agency of architecture and architects in this issue?This presentation focuses on a Borders Studio taught at the University of New Mexico School of Architecture, a borderland school that draws students from both sides of the border. The studio was created after seeing how polarized and diverse the opinions about the proposed wall were among architects and builders and in order to stimulate the critical thinking abilities of the students.The studio involved a series of projects that tackled different scales. Each student found their own voice on the conflict during the semester and the studio created a platform for them to bring issues like immigration, labor and politics to the classroom and question the agency of architects in geopolitical conflicts.The presentation reflects the students' designs to create alternatives to the proposed wall focusing in the Chamizal Park in El Paso and Juarez.
Breaking the Language Barrier: India, the Digital Revolution, and Human Agency
Authors: ATHALYE SHUBHANGI , HENSHALL STUART 
Published: January 2020

India is pioneering the future of low and illiterate populations and as a result changing the course of AI, human agency and how we empower the next connected billion+. In a country with such a complex linguistic and demographic landscape the challenges are mammoth. However, with the sudden cheap and easy access to the internet, mobile technology is proving to be the vehicle for human agency. It is proving to be the catalyst and throwing up new tools especially for those poorly equipped to adopt.As an ethnographer I'm always struck with how the user behaves, adapts and changes to magical new tools. We go from a sense of wonder to a new form of tech literacy that will quickly surpass what they were ever able to do before. The questions posed are: How can technology reframe intention for lower literate populations? What new tools can be made available for the vernacular language users to help them express? Will these new emerging tools impact on how we interact in the future as well.
Vascular access‐related mortality in hemodialysis patients during and after hospitalization
Authors: Gil Giraldo Yohana , Muñoz Ramos Patricia , Ruano Pablo , Quiroga Borja 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLong‐term prognosis is poorer in hemodialysis patients wearing a permanent catheter than in those with a fistula; however, few data are available regarding the survival of hospitalized patients according to their vascular access. The aim of the present study is to analyze the influence of vascular access in the prognosis of hemodialysis patients during hospitalization. A prospective observational study was conducted, including 100 consecutive hemodialysis patients that were hospitalized for any cause. At baseline, we collected epidemiological data, comorbidities, and variables related to the hospitalization (analytical values, reason for admission, and type of vascular access). We divided the whole sample into two groups regarding the vascular access (fistula or catheter), and compared associated variables and short‐term survival. We analyzed mortality during hospitalization and during follow‐up. Of the 100 patients studied, 71 (71%) were male, with a mean age of 71 ± 12 years. Fifty patients (50%) had fistulae as vascular access. Mean dialysis vintage was 60 ± 47 months. Eighteen patients (18%) died during the hospitalization and 27 (27%) at the end of the follow‐up (median 144 [47‐269] months). Variables associated to survival during hospitalization were vascular access, personal history of heart failure, dialysis vintage, and analytical values at admission such as low hemoglobin, high lactic acid, and low albumin. A regression model demonstrated that vascular access was an independent predictor of survival during hospitalization and, also, during the follow‐up. Permanent catheters should be avoided as they are independent predictors of mortality in hospitalized hemodialysis patients.
Knee synovial fluid complement C3‐β chain levels correlate with clinical symptoms of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Cheng Tzu Hsuan , Yoon Seung Ho , Lee Philip , Dimaculangan Dennis , Vikram Maheshwari Aditya , Zhang Ming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimEarly research found innate immune factor complement C3 in the synovial fluid (SF) and activated in serum of osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Whether synovial C3 comes from circulation, or is produced locally, is still unknown. It is also unclear whether synovial and circulating C3 is responsible to OA symptoms. A native C3 molecule consists of two chains, C3‐α and C3‐β. Small fragments breaking down from C3‐α chain in serum and SF were reported to be related to OA severity. Little is known if C3‐β chain is involved in the pathogenesis.MethodIn this study, we evaluated these important areas by biochemical analyses of C3‐α and C3‐β chains in both the SF and plasma of OA patients.ResultsOur results showed that C3‐α and C3‐β levels in SF did not correlate with those in plasma, suggesting that synovial C3 is independently and locally produced, rather than being “leaked” from circulation. Synovial C3‐β but not C3‐α levels correlated with pain, other OA symptoms, function in daily living, and sports/recreational activities. Plasma C3‐β levels only marginally correlated with pain, and plasma C3‐α levels did not correlate with any of these OA symptoms.ConclusionWe present first‐hand evidence that the clinical symptoms of OA are mainly associated with C3 in the local SF rather than systemic circulation, suggesting local factors in the etiopathogenesis. Future local targeted therapies for pain management may be more effective and safer.