bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foam mat drying of papaya using microwaves: Machine learning modeling
Authors: Qadri Ovais S. , Osama Khwaja , Srivastava Abhaya K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of this article is to study the microwave‐assisted foam mat drying of papaya to form papaya powder. The process of foam mat drying of papaya using microwaves was modeled by machine learning approaches like artificial neural network (ANN), support vector regression (SVR), and Gaussian process regression (GPR). Effect of microwave power (480–640 W), inlet air temperature (40–50°C), and thickness of foam (2–4 mm) on the rate of drying were studied. The performance of the models was evaluated on the basis of different performance matrices including root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), model predictive error, and Chi‐square (χ2). The microwave heating of the papaya foam reduced the drying time manifold. All three machine learning approaches were able to predict the drying process efficiently. SVR showed the best performance (R2 = 0.96; RMSE = 0.03) followed by GPR (R2 = 0.92; RMSE = 0.04) and ANN (R2 = 0.91; RMSE = 0.04). SVR‐based model was simulated to predict the effect of power, temperature, and thickness on drying rate. Machine learning approaches can be efficiently used for modeling and microwave‐assisted foam mat drying. SVR‐based model proves to be a good alternative of ANN.Practical ApplicationsFoam mat drying is the method of dehydrating for heat‐sensitive and viscous materials which cannot be dried by other conventional methods. It is cost‐effective, simple, and provides high product quality. The use of microwave‐assisted drying decreases the drying time manifold. Modeling of the drying process is significant for its scale‐up to industrial scale. Machine learning techniques have the capability of learning the hidden factors involved in the process and thus provide better predictions as compared with statistical regression methods. In this study, three machine learning methods (artificial neural network [ANN], support vector regression [SVR], and Gaussian process regression [GPR]) were compared for their efficiency in modeling the foam‐mat drying of papaya pulp using microwaves. SVR showed the best performance as compared with ANN and GPR.
ABA‐responsive ABRE‐BINDING FACTOR3 activatesDAM3expression to promote bud dormancy in Asian pear
Authors: Yang Qinsong , Yang Bo , Li Jianzhao , Wang Yan , Tao Ruiyan , Yang Feng , Wu Xinyue , Yan Xinhui , Ahmad Mudassar , Shen Jiaqi , Bai Songling , Teng Yuanwen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBud dormancy is indispensable for the survival of perennial plants in cold winters. Abscisic acid (ABA) has essential functions influencing the endo‐dormancy status.Dormancy‐associated MADS‐box/SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE‐likegenes function downstream of the ABA signalling pathway to regulate bud dormancy. However, the regulation ofDAM/SVPexpression remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, we confirmed that endo‐dormancy maintenance andPpyDAM3expression are controlled by the ABA content in pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) buds. The expression of pearABRE‐BINDING FACTOR3(PpyABF3) was positively correlated withPpyDAM3expression. Furthermore, PpyABF3 directly bound to the second ABRE in thePpyDAM3promoter to activate its expression. Interestingly, both PpyABF3 and PpyDAM3 repressed the cell division and growth of transgenic pear calli. Another ABA‐induced ABF protein, PpyABF2, physically interacted with PpyABF3 and disrupted the activation of thePpyDAM3promoter by PpyABF3, indicatingDAMexpression was precisely controlled. Additionally, our results suggested that the differences in thePpyDAM3promoter in two pear cultivars might be responsible for the diversity in the chilling requirements. In summary, our data clarify the finely tuned regulatory mechanism underlying the effect of ABA onDAMgene expression and provide new insights into ABA‐related bud dormancy regulation.
Unsociability, peer relations, and psychological maladjustment among children: A moderated‐mediated model
Authors: Bullock Amanda , Xiao Bowen , Xu Gangmin , Liu Junsheng , Coplan Robert , Chen Xinyin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe goal of this study was to evaluate a complex theoretical model linking gender, unsociability, peer relations, and indices of psychological maladjustment among children in the People's Republic of China. Participants were 711 (395 boys) Grade 4 to Grade 8 (Mage = 10.98 years, SD = 1.56) students selected from 4 public schools in Shanghai. Multi‐source assessments were employed, including peer nominations of unsociability, sociometric nominations to measure peer preference, as well as child self‐reports of friendship quality, depressive symptoms, loneliness, and self‐worth. Among the results, both peer preference and friendship quality mediated the associations between unsociability and psychological maladjustment. Further analyses revealed that such mediating effects were significantly moderated by gender. Specifically, the mediating effects of friendship quality in the associations between unsociability and psychological maladjustment only existed for boys. In addition, peer preference played a mediation role in the associations between unsociability and psychological maladjustment for both boys and girls, although the strength of the associations was stronger among boys than girls. Findings are discussed in terms of the importance of considering gender and different types of peer experiences in studies of unsociable children in Mainland China.
BK polyomavirus nephropathy with systemic viral spread: Whole genome sequencing data from a fatal case of BKPyV infection
Authors: Roy Sanjeet , Mieczkowski Piotr A. , Weida Carol , Huo Jeffrey , Roehrs Philip , Singh Harsharan K. , Nickeleit Volker 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infections with multi‐organ involvement are rare. Here, we report for the first time whole genome sequencing data from a patient with systemic BKPyV disease. She presented post stem cell transplantation with graft‐vs‐host disease, suffered from profound immunosuppression, and developed fatal BKPyV disease of kidneys, lungs, and pancreas. The lytic infection was caused by an episomal BKPyV‐Ib strain with canonical structural and receptor encoding gene sequences. However, DNA from all infected tissue sites showed diverse BKPyV‐NCCR rearrangements (rr‐NCCR) involving the P, Q, and R domains, while largely sparing O and S, carrying initiation sites for early and late BKPyV gene transcripts crucial for viral replication and assembly. Common to all rr‐NCCR variants was a break point in Q (position 17‐27) that can form the nidus for double DNA strand break formation and gene rearrangements. Metastatic clonal BKPyV spread from kidneys to other organs was not detected. We hypothesize that lack of immune surveillance and a specific NCCR break point promote profound gene rearrangements of NCCR‐P, Q, and R with alterations of regulatory feedback loops. As a result, viral replication and pathogenicity are enhanced leading to severe, often fatal systemic disease not caused by the common archetypical BKPyV strains.
Systematic benefit-risk assessment for buprenorphine implant: a semiquantitative method to support risk management
Authors: Osborne Vicki , Davies Miranda , Roy Debabrata , Tescione Francesco , Shakir Saad A W 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundPrior to approval in the European Union, a systematic benefit-risk assessment was required to compare buprenorphine implant to sublingual buprenorphine as part of the license application to the European Medicines Agency.ObjectiveThe Benefit-Risk Action Team framework was used to describe the overall benefit-risk of buprenorphine implant in comparison to sublingual buprenorphine.Study selection/methodsA value tree of key benefits and risks related to the implant formulation of buprenorphine was constructed. Risk differences (RD) or reporting ORs (ROR) and corresponding 95% CIs were calculated for each outcome, along with the number needed to treat and number needed to harm. Swing weighting was assigned to outcomes and the weighted net clinical benefit (wNCB) was calculated.FindingsKey benefits assessed: reduced risk of illicit opioid use (RD=0.09, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.17), reduced risk of misuse and diversion (ROR=0.13, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.94), improved compliance and convenience (RD=0.20) and quality of life measures (RD=0.03). Key risks assessed: clinically significant implant breakage (RD=0.01, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.01), migration/missing implant (RD=0.01, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.02), infection at insertion/removal site (RD=0.08, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.12) and implant-related allergic reaction (RD=0.07, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.11). The wNCB for buprenorphine implant was 4.96, which suggests a favourable benefit-risk profile.ConclusionsThe benefit-risk profile of buprenorphine implant is considered favourable in comparison to sublingual buprenorphine, based on this semiquantitative analysis using available data. Further data from real-world use on benefits and risks should be used for ongoing monitoring of the benefit-risk profile of buprenorphine implants in the postmarketing setting.
Efficacy and safety of biologics in psoriatic arthritis: a systematic literature review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Ruyssen-Witrand Adeline , Perry Richard , Watkins Clare , Braileanu George , Kumar Gayathri , Kiri Sandeep , Nott Debby , Liu-Leage Soyi , Hartz Susanne , Sapin Christophe 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundBiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and targeted synthetic DMARDs are used in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), but few studies directly compare their clinical efficacy. In such situations, network meta-analysis (NMA) can inform evidence-based decision-making.ObjectiveTo evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of approved bDMARDs in patients with PsA.MethodsBayesian NMA was conducted to compare the clinical efficacy of bDMARDs at weeks 12‒16 in bDMARD-naïve patients with PsA in terms of American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, Psoriatic Arthritis Response Criteria (PsARC) and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Safety end points were evaluated in the overall mixed population of bDMARD-naive and bDMARD-experienced patients.ResultsFor ACR, all treatments except abatacept were statistically superior to placebo. Infliximab was most effective, followed by golimumab and etanercept, which were statistically superior to most other treatments. Ixekizumab 80 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W) was statistically superior to abatacept subcutaneous, apremilast and both regimens of ustekinumab; similar findings were observed for ixekizumab 80 mg Q4W. For PsARC response, ixekizumab did not significantly differ from other therapies, except for golimumab, infliximab and etanercept, which were superior to most other agents including ixekizumab. For PASI response, infliximab was numerically most effective, but was not statistically superior to ixekizumab, which was the next best performing agent. Analysis of safety end points identified few differences between treatments.ConclusionOur NMA confirms the efficacy and acceptable safety profile of bDMARDs in patients with active PsA. There were generally few statistically significant differences between most treatments.
Transfusion rates in emergency general surgery: high but modifiable
Authors: Medvecz Andrew , Bernard Andrew , Hamilton Courtney , Schuster Kevin M , Guillamondegui Oscar , Davenport Daniel 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundTransfusion of red blood cells (RBC) increases morbidity and mortality, and emergency general surgery (EGS) cases have increased risk for transfusion and complication given case complexity and patient acuity. Transfusion reduction strategies and blood-conservation technology have been developed to decrease transfusions. This study explores whether transfusion rates in EGS have decreased as these new strategies have been implemented.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of the American College of Surgeons’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) data from three academic medical centers. Operations performed by general surgeons on adults (aged ≥18 years) were selected. Data were analyzed from two periods: 2011–2013 and 2014–2016. Cases were grouped by the first four digits of the primary procedure Current Procedural Terminology code. Transfusion was defined as any RBC transfusion during or within 72 hours following the operation. Composite morbidity was defined as any NSQIP complication within 30 days following the operation.ResultsOverall general surgery transfusion rates decreased from 6.4% to 4.8% from period 1 to period 2 (emergent: 16.6%–11.5%; non-emergent 4.9%–3.7%; Fisher’s exact p values <0.001). Among patients transfused, the number of units received decreased slightly (median 2 U (IQR 2–3) to median 2 U (IQR 1–3), Mann-Whitney U test p=0.005). Morbidity decreased (overall: 13.8%–12.3%, p=0.001; emergent: 26.3%–20.6%, p<0.001) while mortality did not change.DiscussionRates of RBC transfusion decreased in both emergent and non-emergent cases. Efforts to reduce transfusion may have been successful in the EGS population. Morbidity improved over the time periods while mortality was unchanged.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Constructing spherically symmetric Einstein–Dirac systems with multiple spinors: Ansatz, wormholes and other analytical solutions
Authors: Blázquez-Salcedo Jose Luis , Knoll Christian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper we present a detailed calculation of an Ansatz that allows to obtain spherically symmetric Einstein–Dirac configurations in d-dimensions. We show that this is possible by combining $$2^{\lfloor \frac{d-2}{2} \rfloor }$$2⌊d-22⌋ Dirac fields, making use of the properties of the angular dependence of the spinors in a spherical background. By applying this Ansatz, we investigate some simple analytical solutions. One of them is a regular wormhole supported by the Dirac fields. Other solutions include a pathological black hole and a naked singularity. We analyze the domain of existence and properties of all these solutions.
Phyllodes Tumors—The Predictors and Detection of Recurrence
Authors: Lim Robert S. , Cordeiro Erin , Lau Jaqueline , Lim Andrew , Roberts Amanda , Seely Jean 
Published: February 2020

Background: Phyllodes tumors are rare breast neoplasms and the histopathological grade and surgical margins help guide treatment and follow-up. The traditional surgical teaching is resection with ≥10 mm margins, but are narrower surgical margins acceptable? The purpose of our study was to identify predictors of local recurrence. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed to identify patients with phyllodes tumors who underwent surgery between 2002 and 2014 using a regional pathology database. Electronic medical records were used to identify surgical management, pathological characteristics, and follow-up encounters. Results: A total of 150 phyllodes tumors were included: 110 of 150 (73%) benign, 21 of 150 (14%) borderline, and 19 of 150 (13%) malignant. At initial surgery, 29 specimens had a positive margin and 15 (56%) underwent re-excision. Seventy tumors had a surgical margin of ≤1 mm, 40 had a margin of 2 to 9 mm, and 11 had a margin of ≥10 mm. There were 11 of 150 (7.3%) locally recurrent tumors: 5 of 11 (45%) benign, 3 of 11 (27%) borderline, and 3 of 11 (27%) malignant. In total, 10 of 11 locally recurrent tumors had a positive margin or ≤1 mm margin at initial surgery. Conclusions: Phyllodes tumors can have a personalized treatment approach based on histopathological grade and surgical margins. Borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors with a positive or ≤1 mm surgical margin have an increased risk of recurrence. In benign phyllodes tumors, an optimal narrow negative margin may exist but the traditional ≥10 mm excisional margin is not necessary. Local recurrence rates may be sufficiently low in benign phyllodes tumors that imaging can be performed on the presence of clinical symptoms.
Total Lymphocyte Count: A Promising Prognostic Index of Mortality in Patients on CAPD
Authors: Carvounis Christos P. , Manis Thomas , Coritsidis George , Dubinsky Maria , Serpente Patricia 
Published: February 2020

Objective In view of the limitations of albumin in peritoneal dialysis (PD), we set out to evaluate whether total lymphocyte counts (TLC) could serve as a better prognostic indicator. We were also interested in how these parameters might differ between PD and hemodialysis (HD) patients. Design In a retrospective study, we reviewed 113 charts from our dialysis unit. All laboratory analyses were performed by the Department of Clinical Pathology of the Nassau County Medical Center, using standard procedures. Intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) was sent out to Nichols Laboratories. Setting All patients originated from the renal clinic at Nassau County Medical Center, a 612 bed public hospital. Patients The 38 PD and 75 HD patients selected had been receiving dialysis for at least 12 months and up to 3 years. The PD patients received either continuous ambulatory and/or cycler PD. For the survivors, the averages of their routine chemical analyses were considered their representative values. For the nonsurvivors, the most recent laboratory values prior to their end point were considered. Main Outcome Measures Mortality or apparent malnutrition leading to transfer to HD represented the end points for PD patients. Mortality alone was used as the end point for HD patients. Results Within the PD population, serum albumin was not significantly lower in nonsurvivors compared to survivors, while the TLC was significantly lower in nonsurvivors (1277 ± 146/mm3 vs 2249 ± 236/mm3, p = 0.0036). The HD population demonstrated a significant difference in both TLC and serum albumin levels between its two prognostic groups; albumin was the better discriminator. Nonsurvivors had a 20% lower serum albumin than did the survivors (27.0 ± 1.6 g/L vs 34.0 ± 0.5 g/L, p = 0.0001). Patients on PD had a higher TLC than those on HD ( p = 0.0001). Conclusions In the HD population, but not in the PD population, both serum albumin and TLC were significantly higher in the group that survived. Serum albumin is a more powerful discriminator of mortality in the HD population, while TLC is a better discriminator of mortality in the PD population. For uncertain reasons, PD patients have a higher TLC than those on HD.
Marked Variation in Peritoneal Insulin Absorption in Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Fine Adrian , Parry David , Ariano Robert , Dent William 
Published: February 2020

Objective To assess both peritoneal insulin absorption and adsorption of insulin to the plastic delivery system, and to assess whether variation in peritoneal absorption is related to transport status. Design Eight insulin-dependent diabetic patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis were studied. Insulin was added to the dialysate. The amount adsorbed by the bag tubing was determined; peritoneal absorption was measured by complete spent dialysate collection. Results Only 14% ± 5% of added insulin was adsorbed onto the dialysate delivery system. Marked variation in peritoneal absorption occurred (38% ± 14%, range 17% – 66%). Variations in membrane transport status did not account for variation in absorption. Conclusion Marked variation in peritoneal absorption of insulin occurs, accounting for some of the variation in intraperitoneal insulin requirements. This is not related to membrane transport status.
The Choice of Dialysis Solutions in Pediatric Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis: Guidelines by An AD HOC European Committee
Authors:   on behalf of the European Paediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Working Group, Schröder Cornelis H. 
Published: February 2020

Objective To provide guidelines on choosing dialysis solutions for children on chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD). Setting European Paediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Working Group. Data Source Literature on the application of PD solutions in children ( Evidence), and discussions within the group ( Opinion). Conclusions Glucose is the standard osmotic agent for PD in children ( Evidence). The lowest glucose concentration needed should be used ( Opinion). Low calcium solution (1.25 mmol/L) should be applied, wherever possible, with careful monitoring of parathyroid hormone levels ( Opinion). The use of amino acid-containing dialysis fluids can be considered in malnourished children, although aggressive enteral nutrition is preferred ( Opinion). There is insufficient evidence documenting the efficacy of intraperitoneally administered amino acids ( Evidence). When ultrafiltration and/or solute removal are insufficient, poly-glucose solutions are a welcome addition to the treatment of children on nocturnal intermittent PD ( Evidence). However, in the absence of any reported long-term experience with children, their use must be closely monitored ( Opinion). Bicarbonate would appear to be the preferred buffer for PD in children, but more in vivo studies are required before it replaces the present lactate-containing solutions ( Evidence/Opinion).
In Vivo Peritoneal Chamber: Linking Structure and Transport Function
Authors: Flessner Michael F. 
Published: February 2020

Objective The present study aimed to develop an animal model of chronic peritoneal exposure that directly links transport with the tissue involved. Methods Daily, rats were intraperitoneally infused through subcutaneous ports with 20 mL of these solutions: isotonic Krebs (K), K + 2.5% mannitol (M), K + 2.5% N-acetylglucosamine (NAG). Controls included catheter-only (CC) and age-control rats (AC). After 2 months, each rat was anesthetized and a plastic chamber was affixed to the abdominal wall serosa to isolate a portion of the peritoneum for transport studies. In the first 90 minutes, a hypertonic solution (approximately 500 mosm/kg) containing 14C-mannitol was placed in chamber. The volume and 14C concentration were measured to determine the rate of osmotic flux (flow/Areachamber) into the chamber and the flux of mannitol from the chamber to the tissue. At 90 minutes, fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate (FITC)–albumin was given intravenously. The rate of appearance of that substance in the chamber was measured over a period of 180 minutes and divided by Areachamber to determine the average flux. After the rat was humanely killed, the tissue under the chamber was collected for analysis of its hyaluronan concentration ([HA]). Results All data are given as mean ± standard error: Group Osmotic (μL/cm2) Flux per hour Mannitol (/cm2) Albumin (/cm2) [HA] (μg/g dry) AC 69.9±14.0 0.043±0.004 0.0114±0.0012 1247±136 CC 65.5±8.0 0.040±0.013 0.0105±0.0027 1360±157 K 47.0±11.5 0.067±0.015 0.0116±0.0027 1134±160 M 101±20 0.044±0.017 0.0300±0.0120 1146±157 NAG 72.6±11.4 0.052±0.006 0.0188±0.0144 1240±157 Conclusions In the present pilot study, no significant correlations were observed, but the number of animals in each group was small ( n = 3 – 4). Nevertheless, the results demonstrate the ability of the chamber technique to determine transperitoneal transport of water, small solutes, and protein, and to link those values directly to the structure of the tissue lying below the chamber. Thus, chronic treatment can be directly correlated with peritoneal structure and transport function.