bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological efficacy of Metarrhizium anisopliae and Entomophothra muscae in biological control of Culex quinquefasciatus Say
Authors: Saady Rabah Hassan , Aleoia Haroon Hamed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The biological efficacy of of Metarrhizium anisopliae and Entomophothra muscae in the biological control of the first and fourth larval phases and adult male and female mosquitoes was studied. Culex quinquefasciatus Say Mosquito Breeding Cx. quinquefasciatus Say was conducted in the laboratory at a temperature of 25 ± 2 ° C, relative humidity 65 ± 5 of light a period of 12 hours / day the adult phase. He gave the fungus M. anisopliae at concentration of / 1 x 106 spore lml had the highest mortality ratio of 78.19% for the first larval age after 48 hours, while the suspension for E.muscae at concentration 1 x 106 sporel mlgave the highest mortality rate of 69.63% for the fourth larval age after 48 hours. M. anisopliae at concentration / 1 x 106 spore l ml highest mortality ratio 84.83% for the first larval age after 48 hours while the suspended for mushroom E. muscae at concentration 1 x 106 spore / ml gave the highest mortality rate 67.63% for the fourth larval age after 48 hours. The highest killing rate was 97.66% for males and 99.91% for females after 72 hours when using the concentration of 1 × 610 spore / ml of the fungus M. anisopliae, while the killing rate was 99.54% for males and 98.43% for females after 72 hours when concentrated / 1 x 106 spore l ml of for E.muscae fungus.
Biological activity of Pomegranate peels Punica granatum Silver nanoparticles AgNPs extract against Fourth larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Al-Husseini Maallah T. , Al-Mousawi Harith R. , Kadhim Naser Jawad , Al-Redaa Madhloom Ahmed Abd , Aziz Dhifaf Zeki , Kadhim Muha Azhar Jewad 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Present study was included the assessment of biological activity of Pomegranate Peels Punica granaatum plant extract toward fourth Culex quinquefasciatus larvae mosquito (Order: Diptera, Family: Culicidae) by testing ethanolic and Silver nanoparticles extracts. Results of present study revealed that Silver nanoparticles extract was more toxic than ethanolic extract and the mortality rates were reached to 90 % after 72 h exposure time when it treated with 5 µg/ml compared to 0% at control treatments. Ethanolic extract also was toxic at concentration 5 µg/ml and mortality rates were reached to 80% after 72 h exposure time. Study of larvae after death showed that penetration of Silver nanoparticles extract was entered inside mid gut of larvae after damage of body wall. SEM analysis indicated to that more deformation found in body wall thus AgNPs were easily penetration through skin of fourth larvae. SEM analysis also was showed that Silver nanoparticles were clustered and irregular or oval shapes.
Preparing of granual inoculant of the fungus Trichoderma harzanium and Evaluation activity
Authors: Jabbar Ruaa A. , Aboud Hadi M. , Abdulrahman Abdulrahman A. , Saaod Hutham M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study was carried out in order to determine the possibility of using invalid wheat and rice grindery. Also, using the starch and reed to prepare an active formulation of the bio-control agent (Trichoderma hazanium) as well as to evaluate the efficiency of this formulations to control Fusarium wilt disease on cucumber plant( Cucumis sativus ) caused by Fusarium solani, after one month of storage in room degree. The results showed the efficiency of using Reed and Starch powder as a nutritive substrate to act as a carrier for the biological agent Trichoderma harzanium in a form of pellets where the values of flowers number, chloroplyle content, leaves number and plant height were (1.6, 9.2, 4, 17.5)/plant respectively for the reed carrier treatment. Also values were( 4.3, 9.9, 4, 21.1)/plant respectively for starch carrier treatment in compare to the control. Viability to control Fusarium wilt disease after storage for a month under room temperature, reached maximum value with the reed carrier were the average of the healthy plants reached(8.6) followed by starch carrier(8.3), in compare to the Fusarium solani (4.6).
Antinucleosome antibodies as new marker in early diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in comparison with other autoantibodies
Authors: Obaid Rana Fadhil , Mahmaud Taghreed Dheyaa , Obaid Rasha Fadhel , Mohamed Kareem Ghali 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder of the multisystem, a multifactorial disease with generalized persistent inflammation that can involve multiple tissues and organs. Nucleosomes are essential chromatin molecules, and are thought to be the main antigens in SLE pathogenesis. A case-control study was performed to show the relationship between antinucleosome antibodies and systemic lupus erythematosus in Najaf province. This study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology in the Faculty of Medicine- University of Kufa, for the period of (January 2018 to December 2018), subjects were included in present study, divided into three groups: SLE patient (30), RA patient (30), and Healthy controls(20). Anti-NCS antibodies, ANA and anti-dsDNA antibodies were done for all individuals those included in this study. The findings of the current study showed that, in sera of SLE patients the mean level of antibodies against the following parameters NCS, ANA and ds-DNA were high in comparison with the mean levels of these parameters in sera of the normal control group (p<0.001). As well as, the levels of antibodies against NCS significantly higher in sera of the SLE group than in the rheumatoid arthritis RA (diseased control group) (p<0.001). On the other hand, the mean levels of antibodies against NCS were statically insignificant (p value 0.356) among the healthy individuals and the diseased control group. Anti-NCS antibodies have an important role in SLE diagnosis in comparison to other autoantibodies, and may have a role to predict the disease outcome.
Control measures of salmonellosis in eggshell and liquid eggs at sites Local egg production in Wassit Province
Authors: Mahdi Dunya Talib , Isa Jawad Kadhim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The contamination of eggshells and liquid eggs by Salmonella has been recognized as a community health trouble. The current study was undertaken to isolate and identify of Salmonella in eggshells and liquid eggs, study of the susceptibility to antibiotics, and study the factors that help control of salmonellosis for local egg production in Wassit province. The percentages of Salmonella prevalence in eggshells, liquid eggs and whole eggs were 27%,8%,35%, respectively. all six sites under subject were indicated to presence of salmonella. This study showed no correlation between the sites of eggs production and presence or absence of salmonella. There were significant differences (p< 0.05) between eggshells and liquid eggs with presence or absence of salmonella in egg samples. Salmonella isolates showed antibiotic susceptibility to gentamycin, moderate sensitivity to chloramphenicol, and resistance to other types of antibiotics. This study involving the investigation of salmonellosis restriction methods during production, storage, transportation and food processing and handling. Additional study is prerequisite to supply additional described checking techniques and knowledge systems to decrease the hazard of salmonellosis after egg ingestion.
The interaction effect of Salt stress and Lysine Concentrations in some properties of Fenugreek callus
Authors: Alreda Madhloom Ahmed Abd , Abd-Al-Hussan Ghofran Flaih , Kadhim Naser Jawad , Abass Mahsen Chelab , Header Harith Rajab , Talib Al-Hatami K. , Alwan Al-Hussain Maa Allah Turki , Aziz Dhifa Zeki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The callus induction by use 1.5mg/l of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) as auxin and 2mg/l of BA as cytokinins were added to MS medium that prepared as above before sterilize step. Sodium Chloride and Lysine effect on callus induction and growth of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.).Five concentration of Sodium Chloride Salts (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8) were added to the culture medium and five concentrations of lysine (0, 10, 20, 30and 40mg/l) added to cultured medium. Results showed that NaCl at (2g/l) increased callus induction, fresh weight, dry weight and potassium ions of callus. The study also showed that (2 g \l) of NaCl was signification increased Sodium and Chloride ions of callus. Lysine (Lys) effect on callus characteristics:-The treatment 40mg\l outperformed of the rest treatments including control by gave the highest values of callus fresh and dry weights, as well as ions, soluble carbohydrates
The Impact of IL-6 serum level on Tonsillitis and Tonsillectomy Patients infected with Streptococcus pyogenes
Authors: Faihan Wijdan Abdulameer , Darweesh Mayyada F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAcute tonsillitis is a primary medical care consultation that may develop to recurrent tonsillitis (RAT), chronic tonsillitis and ~30% of patients require a tonsillectomy, which is associated with a high frequency of missed work or influence on quality of life The present study included 100 patients attending to Al-Saddar Medical city in ENT unit in Najaf governorate. The Patients were classified into two groups: seventy patients with tonsillitis who were subdivided into (36) as acute tonsillitis, (23) patients with chronic tonsillitis and (11) with recurrent tonsillitis as well as thirty patients with tonsillectomy. Swabs were taken from tonsil surface and from tonsil core then culturing on different media for 24 hours at 37 °C for bacterial growth and diagnosis by morphological, biochemical and Vitek 2 system, two ml of a venous blood sample was collected from each patient and control for ELISA testing to determine the level of IL-6. This study has shown that higher frequency of tonsillitis in males. The highest percentage of patients appeared with Grade 3 (33.6%), followed by Grade 2 (22.7%), in tonsillitis patients and Hrade 4, grade 3 in tonsillectomy patients. Also the age group of 1-10 years more frequency 34.4%. Culture investigation shows 16 (16%) swabs gave negative bacterial growth and 84 (84%) swabs gave positive bacterial growth from which about 108 isolates as poly and monobacterial growth (data not show). the 108 isolates appear that G+ ve bacteria recorded 88 (81.5%) with more frequency to S.pyogenes 35 (32.4%) isolates. The level of IL-6 highly increase in serum of tonsillitis and tonsillectomy patients compared with healthy controls. IL-6 serum level was highly increased among the patients in grade 3, 4 and highly significant increase in recurrent and chronic patients. As a result S.pyogenes is the most predominant bacterial agents in surface and core tonsillitis. IL-6 play important role in healing inflammation of tonsils.
Purification Techniques for Cheap Multi –Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Abbas Ahmed. M. , Abdulrazzak Firas H. , Radhi Israa M. , AbdulLatif Ahmed I. , Himdan Takialdin A. , Hussein Falah H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes from cheap tubs company MWCNT-CP were purified by alcohol \ H2O2 \ separation funnel which is simple, easy and scalable techniques. The steps of purification were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy SEM with energy dispersive of X-ray spectroscopy EDX and surface area measurements. The technique was succeeded to remove most the trace element from MWCNT-CP which causing increase the surface area. The ratios of impurities were reduced to less 0.6% after treatment by three steps with losing less than 5% from MWCNT-CP.
Spectrophotometric determination of trace amount of Vanadium in rise and flour using 1-[(4-antipyl azo)] 2-Naphthol as new chromogenic spectrophotometry
Authors: Khazal Hanaa , Mohammed Hussain.J. , Khazal Fatima 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The study included follow-up of the interaction of the prepared reagent 1- (4 -Anti-pyrail-Azo) 2- naphthol (APANOL) with vanadium (V) ion, which gave a greater wavelength of absorption (533) nm as well as a study of the best conditions of the size and concentration of the reagent (1 × 10-3) molar and acidic function (pH = 3) and the stability of the complex for more than two hours and temperature from 10 to 40 degrees Celsius and the linearity range falls within the concentrations (0.10-4.00) ppm and correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9945) and the value of molar absorption coefficient ε (1.02 x 104) l. Mol-1 cm-1 and sandal allergy (0.004) micrograms cm-2. And determined the accuracy and accuracy of the analytical method followed using standard solutions of ion with a standard concentration of the reagent, so the frequency (RSD %) with respect to concentrations (2.00, 3.00) ppm of vanadium ion (V) equal to (0.9 and 0.9), Erel. %) Was equal to (0.2, 0.3) %
Synthesis and Characterization of Ni/Al-LDH nano hybrid with (Ascorbic acid) and Kinetic Controlled Release Study of (Ascorbic acid) From Ni/Al-LDH
Authors: Al-Khafaji Eussur 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The study include synthesis of hybrids nanocompound through a process intercalation of ascorbic acid in Ni/Al –LDHs by direct and indirect ion exchange. Nano layer, which make it has high ability to build up the useful ascorbic acidinter the layers direction on the human body. To limited the side effect of high concentration of ascorbic acidin human body. Characterization of this compound by X-Ray diffraction technique and FT –IR spectrophotometer before and after intercalation formation of nano compound, then cooperation to sure the form hybrid nanocompound and the two and three dimensional image of the above compound in (AFM) for the nano compound. The results showed the release of hybrids to specific liquids in different (Na2CO3, Na2SO4 ) concentration (0.5)M by direct ion exchange method. On the other hand the whole process is subject to model by pseudo-second order rate expression according to Lagregrans equation. It has been studied the percentage of rate release for both anionic (Ascorbic acid) from Ni/Al –LDHs. The results were as follows: High percentage of release in different liquid follows this arrangement: Na2CO3> Na2SO4. The result explains the ratio control release of anion from nanolayerhybrid prepare by indirect ion exchange process more hourly than release anion from nanolayershybridprepared by direct ion exchange.
Synthesis and spectral analysis of some metal complexes with mixed Schiff base ligands 1-[2-(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)ethyl]pyrrolidine-2,5-dione (HL1) and (2-hydroxybenzalidine)glycine (HL2)
Authors: Mahmoud Waleed A. , Hassan Zainab M. , Ali Russel W. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, new metal ions complexes of [chromium (III), iron (III), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II) and cadmium(II)] were prepared from mixed Schiff base ligands 1-(2-aminoethyl) pyrrolidine-2,5-dione ligand which was prepared form the reaction of the succinic anhydride with ethylenediamine then reacted with salicyaldehyde to form a new Schiff base ligand1-[2-(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)ethyl]pyrrolidine-2,5-dione
(HL1)
. The amino acid (glycine) was reacted with salicyaldehyde to form another new Schiff base ligand (2-hydroxybenzaldine)glycine
(HL2)
. The two types of Schiff bases ligands
(HL1)
,
(HL2)
were mixed with some metal ions [(Cr+3, Fe+3, Co+2, Ni+2, Cu+2 and Cd+2)] to obtain a new metal complexes. The Schiff base ligands were characterized by physic-chemical spectroscopic techniques such as: FT-IR Spectra, UV-Vis. Spectra, mass spectroscopy, 1HNMR and microanalysis techniques (C.H.N). Which is indicated the purity of Schiff base ligands. The fragments of the prepared free Schiff base ligand
(HL1)
were identified by mass spectrometer technique. The metal complexes were characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as: FT-IR Spectra, UV-Vis. Spectra, molar conductivity, magnetic moment and microanalysis techniques (C.H.N) and chloride ion percentage. All the analysis of ligands and their metal complexes were in good agreement with the theoretical values which indicated the purity of Schiff base ligands and their metal complexes. From the above data, the molecular structures for all the metal complexes were proposed to be octahedral. The values of magnetic moments showed that all metal complexes are paramagnetic except cadmium (II) complex which is diamagnetic. The values of molar conductivity also appeared that all metal complexes are non-electrolytic nature except iron (III) complex which is electrolytic.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of Mixed Ligand Metal Salts Complexes with Various Ligands
Authors: Obaid Shatha M. H. , Jarad Amer J. , Salih Al-Hamdani Abbas Ali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMetal (III) and (II) coordination compounds of o- phenylenediamine, oxalic acid dihydrate and 8-hydroxyquinoline were synthesized for mixed ligand complexes and characterized using FT-IR, UV-Vis and mass spectra, atomic absorption, elemental analysis, electric conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. In addition, thermal behavior (TGA) of the metal complexes (1-6) showed good agreement with the formula suggested from the analytical data. The stoichiometric reaction between the metal (III) and (II) ions with three various ligands in molar ratio at aqueous ethyl alchol for (1:1:1:1) (M: O-PDA: OA: 8-HQ) [where M = Cr+3, Mn+2, Co+2, Ni+2. Cu+2 and Zn+2; O-PDA = O-Phenylenediamine; OA = Oxalic acid and 8-HQ = 8-Hydroxyquinoline]. Resulted in the formation of six – coordinate octahedral geometry was suggested for metal complexes (1-6). The ligands and complexes were tested for antibacterial and antifungal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Steptococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Psedomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans by the agar well diffusion method. Mostly, the results shown a significant increase in antibacterial and antifungal activity of the metal complexes (1-6) compared to ligands.
Biological Activity of Anthraquinone Compounds of the Alcoholic Extract Propolis
Authors: Hussein Mustafa Abdulkadhim , Smesam Hasan , Risan Al-Iessa Lamia Abdultef , Arjmand Sareh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Different products from a unique Propolis extract, Propolis (bee glue), of resinous consistency produced by bees, has been used as indigenous medicine for the treatment of several diseases in some contrary. Safety assessment of propils extract with respect to antimicrobial activity against three bacterial isolates, Proteus Mirabilis, Klebsiella Pneumonia and Staphylococcus Qureus. The result showed that the main composition of the extract was Anthraquinone, the last one was responsible for biological activity of the extract. FT-IR, UV results showed more than eight peaks for represent the main fine composition of the extract. The present study also showed that the extract has antibacterial activity against three bacterial isolates
Nanochitosan grafting sodium alginate improve loading and release of the antibiotic ‘streptomycin’, for drug release applications
Authors: Jasim Basma Esam , Mageed Zainab Naief , Al-Garawi Zahraa S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Streptomycin is an antibiotic contains phenol and an amino group. It is a water-soluble and widely used in agriculture and livestock husbandry. At a high dose, streptomycin could be used in the early treatment of tuberculosis. This work aimed to use a copolymer of nanochitosan grafting Na-alginate as a carrier of streptomycin and study the kinetics of release. Chitosan and Na-alginate are natural polysaccharides, which are biocompatible and applicable in conventional pharmaceutics for drug delivery carrier. Na-alginate (1% w/v) was mixed with nanochitosan (0.13 gm.) and streptomycin (0.1 gm.) was loaded in a total concentration up to 0.1% w/v. The loaded co polymer was characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-visible, SEM/EDS analyses. Results indicated that streptomycin has successfully loaded onto Na-alginate-nanochitosan. The release kinetics of streptomycin loaded at co-polymer nanochitosan-Na-alginate were compared with that of streptomycin loaded at nanochitosan alone. Buffer solutions with different pHs (pH 9.4, 7.4 and 1.2) at l max 275 nm and 37 °C were applied. Results showed that the basic medium (pH 9.4) has improved the release property of streptomycin from Na-alginate-nanochitosan more than that from nanochitosan. Thus, the co-polymer nanochitosan grafting Na-alginate is a promising candidate for drug release applications.
Investigation of Anticancer Drug Activity 5-Fluorouracil and Some Analog Derivatives by QSAR: Theoretical Study
Authors: Ibrahim Alamery Razzaq Abd Al-Zahra , Abed Suhail Falah Shareef , Al-Hakeim Hussein Kadhem 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Theoretical measurements of pharmaceutical compound 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) drug and some analogue derivatives were achieved by DFT method with B3LYP/6–311G as a standard basis set. Series of 5-FU derivatives have a different activities (the minimum effective concentration; C), were studied depending on geometrical properties. Then, the straight line equations (Y= a X ∓ b) and square root of correlation factor (R2) can be extracted by plot of effective concentration logarithm [log (1/C)] for 5–FU derivatives versus each one of geometrical properties. This matter led to correct the geometrical properties of 5-FU derivatives and formulating of quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) by Hansch model. The final general mathematical equation of QASR as a function of geometrical properties can be concluded by using wolfram alpha program, as empirical equation between theoretical activity and these properties of 5-FU derivatives. The empirical equation of QASR was tested by substitution a theoretical values of geometrical properties to extract theoretical activity of 5-FU derivatives. A high correlation factor between theoretical and particular activities (R2 = 0.9998) of derivatives made matter more acceptable to estimate the activity of new derivatives (synthesized or suggested). So, a new drugs of 5-FU derivatives as a pyrimidines were selected and the theoretical activities were calculated by QSAR–Hansch model as a function of the geometrical properties. The extracted results of a new derivatives shown how can the increase of minimum effective concentration in a new designed derivatives of 5-FU drug (as a starting martial).
Synthesis of dithiolene compounds from xanthydrole
Authors: Thamer Ahmed , Taher Salim Wisam , Aqeel Rashid Muslim Farah 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this search may hatarocyclic compounds contain sulfur atoms e been prepared by reacting the di thiocarbamate derivatives with alfa –haloketones the compounds identified by melting point, FTIR, HNMR and C13 NMR