bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of natural trypsin inhibitor from soybean on texture deterioration of the bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) during cold storage and its mechanism
Authors: Liu Bing , Liu Yu‐xin , Liu Zi‐qiang , Yu Man‐man , Liu Hui‐lin , Qin Lei , Zhou Da‐yong , Zhu Bei‐wei 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIn this study, the inhibitory effects of natural trypsin inhibitor from soybean (SBTI) on texture deterioration of adductor muscle of scallop (AMS) during cold storage and its mechanism were revealed by determining the changes of structural proteins of AMS in situ and in vitro, respectively. Results indicated that the endogenous proteolysis resulted in the disintegration of connective tissue proteins, the degradation of myosin and actin, as well as the reduction of α‐helix, the increase of β‐sheet and amino acid side chains, and the exposure of tryptophan residues of isolated myofibrillar proteins (MPs). These changes in structural proteins contribute to the texture deterioration of AMS as reflected in a significant decrease in hardness, chewiness, adhesiveness and springiness, but a significant increase in cohesiveness. SBTI significantly inhibited the conformational changes of structural proteins caused by endogenous proteolysis, improved the MP gel‐forming ability and consequently retarded the texture deterioration of AMS.
Evolving concepts of pathogenesis of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia: Diagnostic and therapeutic implications
Authors: Chong Beng H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHeparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune reaction to heparin. It often causes severe thrombosis which may lead to limb gangrene and thrombosis‐associated death. The concept of its pathogenesis has been evolving during the past five decades. Initially, HIT was thought to be caused by disseminated intravascular coagulation. Later it became clear that HIT was mediated by an immune mechanism whereby an IgG antibody induced platelet aggregation, release of procoagulant materials and consequently thrombus formation. The antigen comprises Platelet Factor 4 (PF4) and heparin which have a tendency to form ultralarge complexes. The HIT immune response has atypical features. IgG antibody appears early without IgM precedence and lasts transiently. One explanation is that there is prior priming by bacterial infection. Another unique characteristic is that it is processed as if it is a particulate antigen involving complement activation and B cells. Antigen‐presenting cells/monocytes are also involved but the role of T cells is controversial. Recent advances have provided new insights into the underlying mechanisms of HIT‐related thrombosis. Previously, platelets were believed to play a central role; their activation and consequently the induction of blood coagulation was the basis of the hypercoagulability in HIT. More recently, several studies have provided clear evidence that neutrophil and NETosis, monocytes and endothelial cells contribute significantly to the thrombosis in HIT. These new insights may result in development of better diagnostic laboratory assays and more effective treatments for HIT.
Influenza vaccination strategies targeting the hemagglutinin stem region
Authors: Fukuyama Hidehiro , Shinnakasu Ryo , Kurosaki Tomohiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInfluenza is one of the best examples of highly mutable viruses that are able to escape immune surveillance. Indeed, in response to influenza seasonal infection or vaccination, the majority of the induced antibodies are strain‐specific. Current vaccine against the seasonal strains with the strategy of surveillance‐prediction‐vaccine does not cover an unmet virus strain leading to pandemic. Recently, antibodies targeting conserved epitopes on the hemagglutinin (HA) protein have been identified, albeit rarely, and they often showed broad protection. These antibody discoveries have brought the feasibility to develop a universal vaccine. Most of these antibodies bind the HA stem domain and accumulate in the memory B cell compartment. Broadly reactive stem‐biased memory responses were induced by infection with antigenically divergent influenza strains and were able to eradicate these viruses, together indicating the importance of generating memory B cells expressing high‐quality anti‐stem antibodies. Here, we emphasize recent progress in our understanding of how such memory B cells can be generated and discuss how these advances may be relevant to the quest for a universal influenza vaccine.
Association of scar distribution with epicardial electrograms and surface ventricular tachycardia QRS duration in nonischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Park Jaeseok , Desjardins Benoit , Liang Jackson J. , Zghaib Tarek , Xie Shuanglun , Lucena‐Padros Irene , Zado Erica , Santangeli Pasquale , Frankel David S. , Callans David J. , van der Geest Rob J. , Marchlinski Francis E. , Nazarian Saman 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe association of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) with epicardial and surface ventricular tachycardia (VT) electrogram features, in nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM), is unknown. We sought to define the association of LGE and viable wall thickness with epicardial electrogram features and exit site paced QRS duration in patients with NICM.MethodsA total of 19 patients (age 53.5 ± 11.5 years) with NICM (ejection fraction 40.2 ± 13.2%) underwent CMR before VT ablation. LGE transmurality was quantified on CMR and coregistered with 2294 endocardial and 2724 epicardial map points.ResultsBoth bipolar and unipolar voltage were associated with transmural signal intensity on CMR. Longer electrogram duration and fractionated potentials were associated with increased LGE transmurality, but late potentials or local abnormal ventricular activity were more prevalent in nontransmural versus transmural LGE regions (p < .05). Of all critical VT sites, 19% were located adjacent to regions with LGE but normal bipolar and unipolar voltage. Exit site QRS duration was affected by LGE transmurality and intramural scar location, but not by wall thickness, at the impulse origin.ConclusionsIn patients with NICM and VT, LGE is associated with epicardial electrogram features and may predict critical VT sites. Additionally, exit site QRS duration is affected by LGE transmurality and intramural location at the impulse origin or exit.
Catheter ablation of orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Authors: Malkar Manish , Kannankeril Prince J. , Radbill Andrew E. , Fish Frank A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionExperience with catheter ablation of orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia (ORT) and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) in young children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is limited. We report the feasibility, safety, and outcomes of catheter ablation of ORT and AVNRT in children with HLHS.Methods and ResultsThis was a retrospective review of patients with HLHS who underwent catheter ablation for reentrant supraventricular tachycardias (excluding atrial tachycardias) between 2005 and 2017 at a single center. Descriptive data including demographics, clinical history, procedural data, and outcomes were recorded. Ten children with HLHS underwent eleven catheter ablation procedures. Median age and weight at ablation were 2.7 years (range: 0.1–10.5) and 11.4 kg (range: 3.6–30.4), respectively. Tachycardia mechanism was AVNRT in four, ORT in five (two with preexcitation), and both in one. Acute procedural success was 100% and there was no spontaneous recurrence of tachycardia orpreexcitationin median 92 months (range: 21–175 months) follow‐up. Five patients underwent subsequent EP studies at catheterization (intracardiac) or after surgery (via epicardial wires): three were noninducible, one after AVNRT ablation had inducible atrial tachycardia, and one after initial ORT ablation had inducible ORT at fenestration closure and underwent successful repeat ablation. Thus, long‐term freedom from clinical tachycardia was 100% and from inducible AVNRT or ORT was 80%.ConclusionTranscatheter ablation for ORT and AVNRT in children with HLHS can be performed with excellent acute and long‐term success without major complications.
Graduate education and long‐term inventive performance: Evidence from undergraduates' choices during recessions
Authors: Onishi Koichiro , Nagaoka Sadao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUsing individuals' life‐cycle invention data, we investigate how graduate education affects inventive performance and inventors' abilities to absorb and combine diverse knowledge sources. To control for the endogeneity of educational choice, we use the status of college labor markets as an instrumental variable (IV), specifically the difference between the unemployment rate and its long‐run average rate by academic field. We find that graduate education, induced by the IV, significantly enhances inventive performance and the scope of exploited knowledge, exceeding the levels implied by ordinary least squares. Graduate education can have a significant causal effect on inventive capability and performance.
R‐index critical value
Authors: Bi Jian , O'Mahony Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe R‐index is a sound methodology, which has been introduced, developed, and used in the sensory and consumer fields for several decades. The R‐index methodology can be used both to measure and to test sensory difference and consumer preference. This paper provides an R code for calculation of the R‐index critical value for difference testing, which is a supplement to or an alternative for the published table in Bi & O'Mahony (2007) (Journal of Sensory Studies, 22, 713–720).Practical applicationsThe R code provided in the short contributions overcomes the limitation of the previously published table of R‐index critical values in Bi & O'Mahony (2007) (Journal of Sensory Studies, 22, 713–720) with its limited number of sample sizes and required equal size for the control sample and test sample.
Alterations in internetwork functional connectivity in patients with chronic migraine within the boundaries of the Triple Network Model
Authors: Trufanov Artem , Markin Kirill , Frunza Daria , Litvinenko Igor , Odinak Miroslav 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlterations in large‐scale functional connectivity have widely been used to understand migraine pathophysiology and to find any imaging markers. The successful use of the Triple Network Model for many mental and neurological diseases has prompted us to consider chronic migraine under the prism of this model for the first time in the literature.AimTo evaluate alterations in functional connectivity between large‐scale networks using resting‐state fMRI in chronic migraine patients and their correlation with clinical features within the boundaries of the Triple Network Model.MethodsTwenty‐five chronic migraine patients underwent 1,5T resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS‐fMRI) scanning during the interictal phase and were compared to a group of 25 healthy controls. Functional connectivity was assessed using region‐of‐interest to region‐of‐interest (ROI‐to‐ROI) analysis between 8 networks and 15 subcortical areas, conventionally assigned to salience network.ResultsCompare to healthy controls, patients had increased functional connectivity between salience network (SN) and sensorimotor network (SMN) and dorsal attention network (DAN), between nucleus accumbens and default mode network (DMN) and within DMN and also between thalamus and DAN. Decreased functional connectivity was registered between nucleus accumbens and DAN, and also within DAN. A higher depression scale score was positively correlated with an increase in FC within DMN.ConclusionTaken together, our results show that patients with chronic migraine could be characterized by specific dysfunctional interactions between the SN, SMN, DAN, and DMN during resting state.
On the origin of giant seeds: the macroevolution of the double coconut (Lodoicea maldivica) and its relatives (Borasseae, Arecaceae)
Authors: Bellot Sidonie , Bayton Ross P. , Couvreur Thomas L. P. , Dodsworth Steven , Eiserhardt Wolf L. , Guignard Maïté S. , Pritchard Hugh W. , Roberts Lucy , Toorop Peter E. , Baker William J. 
Published: June 2020

Summary

Seed size shapes plant evolution and ecosystems, and may be driven by plant size and architecture, dispersers, habitat and insularity. How these factors influence the evolution of giant seeds is unclear, as are the rate of evolution and the biogeographical consequences of giant seeds.

We generated DNA and seed size data for the palm tribe Borasseae (Arecaceae) and its relatives, which show a wide diversity in seed size and include the double coconut (Lodoicea maldivica), the largest seed in the world. We inferred their phylogeny, dispersal history and rates of change in seed size, and evaluated the possible influence of plant size, inflorescence branching, habitat and insularity on these changes.

Large seeds were involved in 10 oceanic dispersals. Following theoretical predictions, we found that: taller plants with fewer‐branched inflorescences produced larger seeds; seed size tended to evolve faster on islands (except Madagascar); and seeds of shade‐loving Borasseae tended to be larger.

Plant size and inflorescence branching may constrain seed size in Borasseae and their relatives. The possible roles of insularity, habitat and dispersers are difficult to disentangle. Evolutionary contingencies better explain the gigantism of the double coconut than unusually high rates of seed size increase.
Kangaroo mother care alters chromogranin A and perfusion index in preterm babies
Authors: Endo Tomohiro , Sampei Mari , Fukuda Seiji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhile providing various benefits, concerns about the potential risks of kangaroo mother care, or skin‐to‐skin contact (SSC), between mother and her preterm infant hinder its widespread implementation in some resource‐ rich countries. In neonates, salivary chromogranin A (s‐CgA) is elevated upon exposure to stress, whereas the perfusion index (PI) is associated with hemodynamics and peripheral perfusion. Here, we investigated the effects of SSC on s‐CgA and the PI in preterm infants.MethodsTwelve infants were enrolled in the study. Factors associated with baseline s‐CgA were analyzed. Baseline s‐CgA and the level after SSC were compared. Secreted IgA in the saliva was compared as the control. The PI before, throughout, and after SSC were compared.ResultsBaseline s‐CgA was significantly lower in infants who were supplemented with baby formula milk in addition to breast milk before SSC (n = 2) compared with those fed with their mother's breast milk alone (n = 10,P = 0.03). SSC significantly decreased s‐CgA in babies who were fed breast milk only before SSC (n = 10,P = 0.01) but not in those supplemented with formula milk before SSC (n = 2). Secreted IgA in saliva was not affected by SSC. The PI was significantly elevated during SSC (P = .01).ConclusionOur data indicate that SSC can reduce s‐CgA levels when combined with mother's breast milk and increase the PI in preterm infants, thereby providing additional evidence of the benefit of SSC.
Muscle loss contributes to higher morbidity and mortality in COPD: An analysis of national trends
Authors: Attaway Amy H. , Welch Nicole , Hatipoğlu Umur , Zein Joe G. , Dasarathy Srinivasan 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveCOPD is the third most common cause of death worldwide and fourth most common in the United States. In hospitalized patients with COPD, mortality, morbidity and healthcare resource utilization are high. Skeletal muscle loss is frequent in patients with COPD. However, the impact of muscle loss on adverse outcomes has not been systematically evaluated. We tested the hypothesis that patients hospitalized for COPD exacerbation with, compared to those without, a secondary diagnosis of muscle loss phenotype (all ICD‐9 codes associated with muscle loss including cachexia) will have higher mortality and cost of care.MethodsThe NIS database of hospitalized patients in 2011 (1 January–31 December) in the United States was used. The impact of a muscle loss phenotype on in‐hospital mortality, LOS and cost of care for each of the 174 808 hospitalizations for COPD exacerbations was analysed.ResultsOf the subjects admitted for a COPD exacerbation, 12 977 (7.4%) had a secondary diagnosis of muscle loss phenotype. A diagnosis of muscle loss phenotype was associated with significantly higher in‐hospital mortality (14.6% vs 5.7%, P < 0.001), LOS (13.3 + 17.1 vs 5.7 + 7.6, P < 0.001) and median hospital charge per patient ($13 947 vs $6610, P < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that muscle loss phenotype increased mortality by 111% (95% CI: 2.0–2.2, P < 0.001), LOS by 68.4% (P < 0.001) and the direct cost of care by 83.7% (P < 0.001) compared to those without muscle loss.ConclusionIn‐hospital mortality, LOS and healthcare costs are higher in patients with COPD exacerbations and a muscle loss phenotype.
Media Exposure to Terrorism and Perception of Immigrants as a Threat: The Role of Emotional Intelligence and Psychophysiological Self‐Regulation
Authors: Rubaltelli Enrico , Priolo Giulia , Scrimin Sara , Moscardino Ughetta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo better understand how media exposure to terrorism‐related images can lead to perceiving immigrants as more threatening, in the present study we manipulated participants’ exposure to media coverage of terrorist attacks and investigated how this may influence people's perception of Arab immigrants. Considering the important role of regulatory abilities when facing stressful events like terrorist attacks, we measured individual differences in both trait emotional intelligence and resting heart rate variability (HRV). Results showed that participants perceived Arab immigrants as more threatening in the media exposure condition than in the control condition. Importantly, there were moderating effects of both trait emotional intelligence and HRV. People with lower trait emotional intelligence or lower HRV at rest felt more threatened in the media exposure condition compared to the control condition, whereas this effect was not observed among participants with higher trait emotional intelligence or higher resting HRV. The present study highlights some of the complexities related to how media exposure to terrorism‐related images influences people's reactions to, and evaluations of, an outgroup that is related to the perpetrators of the attacks.
The Sources of Belief in Personal Capability: Antecedents of Self‐Efficacy in Private Adaptation to Flood Risk
Authors: Seebauer Sebastian , Babcicky Philipp 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSelf‐efficacy is one of the strongest and most consistent drivers of private flood mitigation behavior; however, the factors influencing self‐efficacy in the context of flooding remain unclear. The present study examines three potential antecedents of self‐efficacy: personal and vicarious experiences of floods or building‐related events, social norms for private flood preparedness, and personal competencies such as technical abilities and social skills. While controlling for other drivers in a protection motivation theory (PMT) framework, these antecedents are tested as precursors of self‐efficacy and intentions to improve flood resilience. Structural equation modeling is applied to conduct mediation analyses with survey data of 381 flood‐prone households in Austria. Contrary to theoretical expectations, personal and vicarious experiences do not predict self‐efficacy, presumably because rare flood events and changing hazard characteristics do not facilitate generalizable performance accomplishments. Social norms strongly and consistently influence self‐efficacy, especially for actions observable by others, and also directly influence protective responses. Personal competencies increase self‐efficacy and support protective action, particularly with regard to preventive and structural measures. The strength and direction of the antecedents of self‐efficacy as well as of other PMT determinants vary between general and specific protective responses. This study provides important insights for risk managers, suggesting that interventions involving social norms and personal competencies can be effective in stimulating self‐efficacy and, in turn, private flood mitigation. Interventions and research should clearly differentiate between general intention and the implementation of specific measures, and should address cumulative, synergistic, or tradeoff interrelations between multiple measures.
A review of physical relationships between form and function in wastewater biotreatment and a new theory relating activated sludge and biofilm systems behaviour
Authors: Palmer Stephen , Noone Gerald , Hoyland Garry 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this review paper, a physical systems analysis based on thermodynamics has been applied to the observed behaviour of activated sludge as a physical system. The origin of the microecology of activated sludge and its relationship to biofilms and the metabolic consequences of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) formation are explained for the first time. Feast‐famine conditions are shown to be the leading candidate for the evolution of the ability of biofilm forming bacteria and activated sludge ‘floc‐formers’ to form EPS. The basis for competition for RBCOD between low F:M filamentous heterotrophic bacteria and ‘floc‐forming’ heterotrophic is presented and its relationship to activated sludge bulking described.
A Pressure Model for Open Rotor–Stator Cavities: An Application to an Adjustable-Speed Centrifugal Pump With Experimental Validation
Authors: Gu Yandong , Pei Ji , Yuan Shouqi , Zhang Jinfeng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
For a centrifugal pump, the interaction between the leakage and the pressure profile in the side chambers is crucial to the performance and reliability of the pump. However, existing theoretical models for directly predicting the flow in the pump side chambers suffer from nonself closure, low accuracy, and slow convergence, and hardly any research presents such predictions for the adjustable-speed centrifugal pump. A pressure model for the simplified geometric configuration of the side chambers in turbomachinery, specifically the open rotor–stator cavity, is established by introducing Poncet's K formula. With the application of this theoretical model, as well as the consideration of the static pressure rises in the impeller and the pressure drops through seals and balance holes, a new one-dimensional (1D) pressure model is built and developed as a design tool for solving the flow in the pump side chambers. Compared with the pressure measurements on the casing wall of an adjustable-speed centrifugal pump, the predictions made by the new 1D pressure model indicate good accuracy and are better than the predictions made by the pressure model using the conventional constant K. It is found that the thrust acting on the shrouds varies almost linearly with the squared rotating speed, whereas the rotating speed hardly influences the volumetric efficiency. Since only the flow rate, rotating speed, and geometric parameters are required, the new 1D pressure model can be readily applied to other pumps, and it is preferred for good and fast prediction in the preliminary design stage.