bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Echolocation of Central Amazonian ‘whispering’ phyllostomid bats: call design and interspecific variation
Authors: Yoh Natalie , Syme Peter , Rocha Ricardo , Meyer Christoph F. J. , López-Baucells Adrià 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhyllostomids (New World leaf-nosed bats) are the ecologically most diverse bat family and have undergone the most extensive adaptive radiation of any mammalian family. However comprehensive, multi-species studies regarding phyllostomid echolocation are scarce in the literature despite abundant ecological research. In this study, we describe the call structure and interspecific variation in call design of 40 sympatric phyllostomid species from the Central Brazilian Amazon, focussing on general patterns within genera, subfamilies and between feeding guilds. All but one species utilized short, broadband FM calls consisting of multiple harmonics. As reported for other bat families, peak frequency was negatively correlated with body mass and forearm length. Twenty-five species alternated the harmonic of maximum energy, principally between the second and third harmonic. Based on PCA, we were unable to detect any significant differences in echolocation call parameters between genera, subfamilies or different feeding guilds, confirming that acoustic surveys cannot be used to reliably monitor these species. We presentAmetrida centurioas an exception to this generalized phyllostomid structure, as it is unique in producing a mono-harmonic call. Finally, we discuss several hypotheses regarding the evolutionary pressures influencing phyllostomid call structure.
Quality Decision-Making Practices in Pharmaceutical Companies and Regulatory Authorities: Current and Proposed Approaches to Its Documentation
Authors: Bujar Magdalena , McAuslane Neil , Connelly Patricia , Walker Stuart R. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Pharmaceutical companies and regulatory agencies endeavor to relate their decision making with outcomes to improve future decision making and to ensure that gained knowledge is fed back into a learning system. Nevertheless, such a correlation can only be achieved by documenting the expected outcome of a decision at the time it is made, enabling comparison of the expected outcome with the actual result.

Methods
Participants at an international workshop discussed how the documentation of decisions could be evolved as companies and agencies look to improve their knowledge base. Discussions were informed by a pre-workshop survey of pharmaceutical companies and regulatory agencies.

Results
Most survey participants from 12 companies (55% response rate) and 11 agencies (73% response) have a system in place to enable documentation of major decisions, however, systems are used primarily to document outcomes rather than the process, while information from documentation is not always used, and feedback loops are not in place. The majority of participants indicated that their organization currently documents most decision-making practices included in the proposed template. Workshop participants agreed that all major past decisions should be referenceable and suggested incentives to enable decisions to be referenced, and confirmed elements and characteristics of a decision-documentation template.

Conclusions
This survey and workshop identified the current landscape and gaps in the documentation of decision making and suggested revisions for a proposed documentation template. The use of technology to enable information extraction with support from artificial intelligence and future decision making was a recommendation highlighted by participants.
Effect of Calcium-Channel Blockade on the Cold-Induced Vasodilation Response
Authors: Milliner Brendan H.A. , Brant-Zawadzki Graham , McIntosh Scott E. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction Cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) is seen in the extremities during exposure to cold. A strong vasodilation response has been associated with a decreased risk of cold injury. Increasing CIVD might further decrease this risk. The calcium-channel blocker nifedipine causes vasodilation and is used to treat Raynaud’s syndrome and chilblains. Nifedipine is also used for high altitude pulmonary edema and could potentially serve a dual purpose in preventing frostbite. The effects of nifedipine on CIVD have not been studied. Methods A double-blind crossover study comparing nifedipine (30 mg SR (sustained release) orally twice daily) to placebo was designed using 2 sessions of 4 finger immersion in 5°C water, with 24 h of medication pretreatment before each session. Finger temperatures were measured via nailbed thermocouples. The primary outcome was mean finger temperature; secondary outcomes were mean apex and nadir temperatures, first apex and nadir temperatures, subjective pain ranking, and time of vasodilation onset (all presented as mean±SD). Results Twelve volunteers (age 29±3 [24–34] y) completed the study. No significant difference in finger temperature (9.2±1.1°C nifedipine vs 9.0±0.7°C placebo, P=0.38) or any secondary outcome was found. Pain levels were similar (2.8±1.6 nifedipine vs 3.0±1.5 placebo, P=0.32). The most common adverse event was headache (32% of nifedipine trials vs 8% placebo). Conclusions Pretreatment with 30 mg of oral nifedipine twice daily does not affect the CIVD response in healthy individuals under cold stress.
Maternal intake of one-carbon metabolism-related B vitamins and anorectal malformations in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Michikawa Takehiro , Nitta Hiroshi , Sekiyama Makiko , Kuroda Tatsuo , Nakayama Shoji F. , Isobe Tomohiko , Kobayashi Yayoi , Iwai-Shimada Miyuki , Suda Eiko , Taniguchi Yu , Kawamoto Toshihiro , Yamazaki Shin ,   the Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe occurrence of anorectal malformations (ARM) is thought to be reduced with sufficient folate intake. However, there is no apparent evidence. We focused on enzyme cofactors for one-carbon metabolism, including folate (vitamin B9), vitamin B6and vitamin B12, and explored the association between maternal combined intake of these B vitamins and the risk of ARM. Using baseline data from a Japanese nationwide birth cohort study between 2011 and 2014, we analysed data of 89 235 women (mean age at delivery = 31·2 years) who delivered singleton live births without chromosomal anomalies. Information on dietary intake was obtained via a FFQ focused on early pregnancy and used to estimate B vitamin intake. We also collected information on the frequency of folic acid supplement use. ARM occurrence was ascertained from medical records. We identified forty-three cases of ARM diagnosed up to the first month after birth (4·8 per 10 000 live births). In terms of individual intake of the respective B vitamins, high vitamin B6intake was non-significantly associated with reduced odds of ARM. Compared with women in the low combined B vitamin intake group, the OR of having an infant with ARM was 0·4 (95 % CI 0·2, 1·0) in the high intake group (folate ≥400 μg/d, and upper half of vitamin B6and/or vitamin B12). In conclusion, our cohort analysis suggested an inverse association between the combined intake of one-carbon metabolism-related B vitamins in early pregnancy and ARM occurrence.
Towards evaluating complex ontology alignments
Authors: Zhou Lu , Thiéblin Elodie , Cheatham Michelle , Faria Daniel , Pesquita Catia , Trojahn Cassia , Zamazal Ondřej 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The development of semi-automated and automated ontology alignment techniques is an important part of realizing the potential of the Semantic Web. Until very recently, most existing work in this area was focused on finding simple (1:1) equivalence correspondences between two ontologies. However, many real-world ontology pairs involve correspondences that contain multiple entities from each ontology. These ‘complex’ alignments pose a challenge for existing evaluation approaches, which hinders the development of new systems capable of finding such correspondences. This position paper surveys and analyzes the requirements for effective evaluation of complex ontology alignments and assesses the degree to which these requirements are met by existing approaches. It also provides a roadmap for future work on this topic taking into consideration emerging community initiatives and major challenges that need to be addressed.
QRS fragmentation in children with suspected myocarditis: a possible additional diagnostic sign
Authors: Ferrero Paolo , Piazza Isabelle 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAims:We aim to assess the diagnostic role of QRS fragmentation in children with suspected acute myocarditis.Background:Diagnosis of myocarditis in the paediatric population is challenging. Clinical suspicion, electrocardiogram, and laboratory tests are the main diagnostic features at presentation. However, electrocardiogram in patients with myocarditis is usually considered aspecific. We have previously described QRS fragmentation in adult patients with acute myocarditis.Methods:Patients aged less than 18 years, admitted between 2003 and 2019, and discharged with a diagnosis of acute myocarditis were included. Standard electrocardiogram, laboratory, and echocardiographic findings at admission and follow-up were reviewed. QRS fragmentation was defined by the presence of multiphasic R′ spikes. Cardiac magnetic resonance and biopsy were performed in selected patients.Results:Twenty-one patients were analysed, 16 males (76%), median age 9.5 (2.5–16) years. At presentation, 12 patients (57%) displayed QRS fragmentation. Median ejection fraction was 40% (27–60). Nine patients (43%) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance and displayed late gadolinium enhancement. One patient underwent biopsy that showed borderline findings. Electrocardiogram leads showing QRS fragmentation correlated with distribution of late gadolinium enhancement. Median follow-up was 600 (190–2343) days. All patients were alive at last follow-up. Six patients (33%) patients displayed persistence of QRS fragmentation. Median ejection fraction was 60% (60–65%). In three patients (14%), ejection fraction remained depressed, two of which showed persistence of QRS fragmentation.Conclusion:In this cohort of children with suspected myocarditis, QRS fragmentation was confirmed as a new additional diagnostic finding to look for at admission and during follow-up.
Closing Time! Examining the Impact of Gender and Executive Branch Policy Makers on the Timing of Stay-at-Home Orders
Authors: Shay Laine P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic has significantly altered lives across the globe. In the United States, several states attempted to manage the pandemic by issuing stay-at-home orders. In this research note, I examine whether the gender of state policy makers in the executive branch might impact a state's adoption of a stay-at-home order. Using event history analysis, I find that the governor's gender has no impact on the likelihood of a state adopting a stay-at-home order. However, I find that gender plays a significant role for agency heads. Specifically, my analysis shows that states with a female-headed health agency tend to adopt stay-at-home orders earlier than states with a male administrator. These findings shed light on how female leadership in the executive branch may impact public policy regarding COVID-19.
A population-based case–control study of the association between weather-related extreme heat events and low birthweight
Authors: Lawrence Wayne R. , Soim Aida , Zhang Wangjian , Lin Ziqiang , Lu Yi , Lipton Emily A. , Xiao Jianpeng , Dong Guang-Hui , Lin Shao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough prenatal exposure to high ambient temperatures were reported to be associated with preterm birth, limited research assessed the impact of weather-related extreme heat events (EHE) on birthweight, particularly by trimester. We, therefore, investigated the impact of prenatal EHE on birthweight among term babies (tLBW) by trimester and birthweight percentile. We conducted a population-based case–control study on singleton live births at 38–42 gestational weeks in New York State (NYS) by linking weather data with NYS birth certificates. A total of 22,615 cases were identified as birthweight <2500 gram, and a random sample of 139,168 normal birthweight controls was included. EHE was defined as three consecutive days with the maximum temperatures of ≥32.2 °C/90 °F (EHE90) and two consecutive days of temperatures ≥97th percentile (EHE97) based on the distribution of the maximum temperature for the season and region. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) with multivariable unconditional logistic regression, controlling for confounders. Overall exposure to EHE97 for 2 d was associated with tLBW (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.02, 1.09); however, the strongest associations were only observed in the first trimester for both heat indicators, especially when exposure was ≥3 d (ORs ranged: 1.06–1.13). EHE in the first trimester was associated with significant reduction in mean birthweight from 26.78 gram (EHE90) to 36.25 gram (EHE97), which mainly affected the 40th and 60th birthweight percentiles. Findings revealed associations between multiple heat indicators and tLBW, where the impact was consistently strongest in the first trimester.
Higher dietary phytochemical index is associated with anthropometric	indices in children and adolescents: The weight disorders survey of the	CASPIAN-IV study
Authors: Azizi-Soleiman Fatemeh , Khoshhali Mehri , Heidari-Beni Motahar , Qorbani Mostafa , Ali Pourmirzaei Mohammad , Kelishadi Roya 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the association of total dietary phytochemical intake with generalized and abdominal obesity in children and adolescents. Material and methods: This nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted in 4296 students aged 6–18 years. Dietary phytochemical index (DPI) was calculated as a percentage of daily energy derived from phytochemical-rich foods divided by total daily energy intake. Results: The mean ± standard error of DPIs in the first, second, third and fourth quartiles were 12.70 ± 3.28, 20.36 ± 1.84, 27.52 ± 0.08 and 41.10 ± 0.26, respectively. Anthropometric measures including weight Z-score (−0.04 vs. 0.05, P = 0.023), body mass index (BMI) Z-score (−0.05 vs. 0.06, P = 0.013), waist circumference (WC) (65.80 cm vs. 66.95 cm P = 0.022), hip circumference (HC) (80.20 cm vs. 81.37 cm, P = 0.046), and neck circumference (NC) (30.06 cm vs. 30.45 cm, P = 0.031) were significantly lower among participants in the upper DPI quartile compared to those in the lower quartiles. In overweight and obese children, higher adjusted DPI scores had inverse correlation with BMI, WC, HC, wrist circumference, and NC (βs = −0.077, −0.10, −0.119, −0.01, and −0.032, respectively; P < 0.05). Comparison of the fourth quartile with the first quartile of DPI revealed beneficial effects of higher phytochemical intake on reducing the risk of obesity/overweight and abdominal obesity. However, these results were not statistically significant (P = 0.073). Conclusion: Higher DPI score was associated with lower risk of generalized and abdominal obesity in children and adolescents. However, the results were not statistically significant. Consuming phytochemical-rich foods can be encouraged to prevent childhood obesity.
Intraindividual Variability and Empathic Accuracy for Happiness in Older Couples
Authors: Michalowski Victoria I. , Gerstorf Denis , Hülür Gizem , Drewelies Johanna , Ashe Maureen C. , Madden Kenneth M. , Hoppmann Christiane A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Empathic accuracy involves identifying the emotions of others. Most evidence is based on younger samples, which is limiting because of well-established motivational shifts that occur in older adulthood. Here, we examine associations between fluctuations in happiness and empathic accuracy, using momentary assessments of happiness from 107 couples ( Mage = 75.2) in Berlin (Germany; up to 42 assessments) and 117 couples ( Mage = 71.1) in Vancouver (Canada; up to 28 assessments). Coordinated analyses show that perceivers are more accurate when they themselves have high happiness variability (Berlin, Vancouver). Target happiness variability did not moderate accuracy slopes. Follow-up analyses explore the role of partners sharing their feelings. Examining moderators of empathic pattern accuracy extends our understanding of positive socioemotional functioning in older couples.
Climate From the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, 1986–2017: Surface Air Temperature Trends and Redefined Summer Season
Authors: Obryk M. K. , Doran P. T. , Fountain A. G. , Myers M. , McKay C. P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe weather of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, the largest ice‐free region of the Antarctica, has been continuously monitored since 1985 with currently 14 operational meteorological stations distributed throughout the valleys. Because climate is based on a 30‐year record of weather, this is the first study to truly define the contemporary climate of the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Mean air temperature and solar radiation based on all stations were −20°C and 102 W m−2, respectively. Depending on the site location, the mean annual air temperatures on the valleys floors ranged between −15°C and −30°C, and mean annual solar radiation varied between 72 and 122 W m−2. Surface air temperature decreased by 0.7°C per decade from 1986 to 2006 at Lake Hoare station (longest continuous record), after which the record is highly variable with no trend. All stations with sufficiently long records showed similar trend shifts in 2005 ±1 year. Summer is defined as November through February, using a physically based process: up‐valley warming from the coast associated with a change in atmospheric stability.
Long‐Term Monitoring and Characterization of Soil Radon Emission in a Seismically Active Area
Authors: D'Alessandro Antonino , Scudero Salvatore , Siino Marianna , Alessandro Giuseppe , Mineo Rosario 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRadon (222Rn) is a radioactive gas, which originates everywhere in rocks of Earth's crust through a process of natural decay of other radioactive elements. The monitoring of soil radon can be useful to address a multitude of geological and environmental issues. However, some difficulties arise when trying to use radon as earthquake precursor because the earthquake‐related anomaly cannot be easily and univocally discriminated from other anomalies of different origin. To explore the relationship between soil radon emission and seismicity, a local network is operating in southeastern Sicily (Italy). Its peculiarities are the uniform geological condition of the monitoring sites and the long data record with simultaneous measures of radon and the main climate variables. In this paper, we applied continuous wavelet transformation to a ≈ 3.5 years long soil radon time series to detect periodic variations. Results indicate the occurrence of cycles at annual, semiannual, and monthly periodicity, which are ascribable to the effects of the climatic‐environmental parameters. The periodic components have been modeled and the signal conveniently filtered. We show as the characterization of the long‐term behavior of radon signals is essential to recognize anomalies in radon emission, which can be related to geological/environmental phenomena. The methodology proposed in this work provides a reliable characterization of the radon time series and can be applied at various spatial/temporal scales, depending on the scientific objectives to be achieved. This approach can also represent the base for further analysis like the investigation of the modulation between the periodic components and short‐term forecasts.
Impact of Transmission Scheme of Visible Solar Radiation on Temperature and Mixing in the Upper Water Column With Inputs for Transmission Derived From Ocean Color Remote Sensing
Authors: Liu Tongtong , Lee Zhongping , Shang Shaoping , Xiu Peng , Chai Fei , Jiang Mingshun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe penetration of visible solar radiation (VSR) in the upper ocean contributes to heating in the upper water column, and this process is modulated by constituents in water such as phytoplankton. Various schemes have been developed to propagate surface VSR to deeper depths, which are incorporated in ocean circulation models to study basin‐scale impacts on ocean and atmosphere by phytoplankton. However, none of these studies evaluated sensitivity of the schemes of VSR transmission to upper‐water dynamics, especially when the required input is derived from ocean color remote sensing. We used an idealized one‐dimensional (1‐D) Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) to simulate profiles of upper water column temperature at six locations with different ocean color characteristics (containing different water constituents). We incorporated and tested four different schemes of VSR transmission: the default water‐type scheme within the ROMS, two schemes based on concentrations of chlorophyll (Chl), and one scheme based on water's inherent optical properties (IOPs). The results showed that, although using the same ocean color information and the same circulation model, the IOPs‐ and Chl‐based schemes resulted in very different vertical temperature and upper‐water mixing compared to those using the default scheme, with differences in sea surface temperature up to 1.5–2°C. These results highlight the importance of developing and incorporating more appropriate VSR transmission schemes into large‐scale ocean circulation simulations, where the inputs for the transmission are inherently estimates from ocean color—the actual measurement from satellite remote sensing.
Impacts of TIPEX‐III Rawinsondes on the Dynamics and Thermodynamics Over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau in the Boreal Summer
Authors: Li Junjun , Chen Jinghua , Lu Chunsong , Wu Xiaoqing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObservations and simulations have shown that the Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays an important role in the climate and weather of East Asia. Uncertainties in reanalysis data sets have been documented by comparing them with independent rawinsonde data, but the impacts of incorporating this data into a reanalysis data set on the dynamical and thermodynamical features over the TP have not been assessed. Observations from the recent Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Scientific Experiment (TIPEX‐III) can be used to evaluate the Eastern TP ERA‐Interim reanalysis data set (ERA). In this study, the Barnes objective analysis scheme is used to incorporate the rawinsonde data into the ERA to acquire the gridded data (OBJ) for examining heat and moisture budgets. It is shown that the OBJ budget‐estimated rainfall intensity is better correlated with the observations than the ERA budget‐estimated rainfall intensity. The ERA overestimates weak rainfall but underestimates heavy rainfall. The incorporation of special rawinsonde into the OBJ impacts the dynamical and thermodynamical characteristics both spatially and temporally. The downward motion and cooling are enhanced over the rainless regions/periods, while the upward motion and heating are enhanced over the rainy regions/periods. The rawinsonde effect is stronger with the increasing rainfall intensity. The differences of spatial distributions and temporal variations in heating between the OBJ and ERA are primarily determined by the vertical advection terms in heat and moisture budgets. The OBJ‐derived large‐scale forcing is essential for cloud‐resolving model simulations of TP cloud systems. The above conclusions can also be applied to the ERA5.