bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D mapping of the Crab Nebula with SITELLE – I. Deconvolution and kinematic reconstruction
Authors: Martin T , Milisavljevic D , Drissen L 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a hyperspectral cube of the Crab Nebula obtained with the imaging Fourier transform spectrometer SITELLE on the Canada–France–Hawaii telescope. We describe our techniques used to deconvolve the 310 000 individual spectra ($R = 9\, 600$) containing Hα, [N ii] λλ6548, 6583, and [S ii] λλ6716, 6731 emission lines and create a detailed 3D reconstruction of the supernova (SN) remnant (SNR) assuming uniform global expansion. We find that the general boundaries of the 3D volume occupied by the Crab are not strictly ellipsoidal as commonly assumed, and instead appear to follow a ‘heart-shaped’ distribution that is symmetrical about the plane of the pulsar wind torus. Conspicuous restrictions in the bulk distribution of gas consistent with constrained expansion coincide with positions of the dark bays and east–west band of He-rich filaments, which may be associated with interaction with a pre-existing circumstellar disc. The distribution of filaments follows an intricate honeycomb-like arrangement with straight and rounded boundaries at large and small scales that are anticorrelated with distance from the centre of expansion. The distribution is not unlike the large-scale rings observed in SNRs 3C 58 and Cassiopeia A, where it has been attributed to turbulent mixing processes that encouraged outwardly expanding plumes of radioactive 56Ni-rich ejecta. These characteristics reflect critical details of the original SN of 1054 CE and its progenitor star, and may favour a low-energy explosion of an iron-core progenitor. We demonstrate that our main findings are robust despite regions of non-homologous expansion driven by acceleration of material by the pulsar wind nebula.
Power spectrum multipole expansion for H i intensity mapping experiments: unbiased parameter estimation
Authors: Soares Paula S , Cunnington Steven , Pourtsidou Alkistis , Blake Chris 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We assess the performance of the multipole expansion formalism in the case of single-dish H i intensity mapping, including instrumental and foreground removal effects. This formalism is used to provide Markov chain Monte Carlo forecasts for a range of H i and cosmological parameters, including redshift space distortions and the Alcock–Paczynski effect. We first determine the range of validity of our power spectrum modelling by fitting to simulation data, concentrating on the monopole, quadrupole, and hexadecapole contributions. We then show that foreground subtraction effects can lead to severe biases in the determination of cosmological parameters, in particular the parameters relating to the transverse Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) rescaling, the growth rate, and the H i bias (α⊥, $\overline{T}_\rm{H{\small I}}f\sigma _8$, and $\overline{T}_{\mathrm {H}\,{\small I}}b_{\mathrm {H}\,{\small I}}\sigma _8$, respectively). We attempt to account for these biases by constructing a two-parameter foreground modelling prescription, and find that our prescription leads to unbiased parameter estimation at the expense of increasing the estimated uncertainties on cosmological parameters. In addition, we confirm that instrumental and foreground removal effects significantly impact the theoretical covariance matrix, and cause the covariance between different multipoles to become non-negligible. Finally, we show the effect of including higher order multipoles in our analysis, and how these can be used to investigate the presence of instrumental and systematic effects in H i intensity mapping data.
A heme•DNAzyme activated by hydrogen peroxide catalytically oxidizes thioethers by direct oxygen atom transfer rather than by a Compound I-like intermediate
Authors: Shumayrikh Nisreen M , Warren Jeffrey J , Bennet Andrew J , Sen Dipankar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Hemin [Fe(III)-protoporphyrin IX] is known to bind tightly to single-stranded DNA and RNA molecules that fold into G-quadruplexes (GQ). Such complexes are strongly activated for oxidative catalysis. These heme•DNAzymes and ribozymes have found broad utility in bioanalytical and medicinal chemistry and have also been shown to occur within living cells. However, how a GQ is able to activate hemin is poorly understood. Herein, we report fast kinetic measurements (using stopped-flow UV–vis spectrophotometry) to identify the H2O2-generated activated heme species within a heme•DNAzyme that is active for the oxidation of a thioether substrate, dibenzothiophene (DBT). Singular value decomposition and global fitting analysis was used to analyze the kinetic data, with the results being consistent with the heme•DNAzyme's DBT oxidation being catalyzed by the initial Fe(III)heme–H2O2 complex. Such a complex has been predicted computationally to be a powerful oxidant for thioether substrates. In the heme•DNAzyme, the DNA GQ enhances both the kinetics of formation of the active intermediate as well as the oxidation step of DBT by the active intermediate. We show, using both stopped flow spectrophotometry and EPR measurements, that a classic Compound I is not observable during the catalytic cycle for thioether sulfoxidation.
Characterization of Electronic Cigarette Warning Statements Portrayed in YouTube Videos
Authors: Jones Dina M , Guy Mignonne C , Soule Eric , Sakuma Kari-Lyn K , Pokhrel Pallav , Orloff Mohammed , Trinidad Dennis , Smith Denelle , Browley Sharaka , Walker A Paige , Bullock Sandilyn , Eissenberg Thomas , Fagan Pebbles 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction
In 2018, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) required that electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) manufacturers, packagers, importers, distributors, and retailers display an addictive or alternate warning statement on e-cigarette visual advertisements. Few studies have investigated the FDA-mandated and other warnings on social media. This study examined the prevalence and content of warning statements in e-cigarette-related YouTube videos.

Methods
In 2019, The Virginia Commonwealth University Center for the Study of Tobacco Products conducted bi-monthly (February-June) YouTube searches by relevance and view count to identify e-cigarette-related videos. Overall, 178 videos met the inclusion criteria. Staff coded each video for the presence of a visual/verbal warning statement, warning statement type (eg, FDA-mandated, addiction/tobacco, safety/toxic exposure, health effects), sponsorship, and tobacco product characteristics. A data extraction tool collected the video URL, title, upload date, and number of views, likes/dislikes, and comments.

Results
Only 5.1% of videos contained FDA-mandated and 21.9% contained non-mandated warnings. All videos with FDA-mandated and 46.2% of non-mandated warnings were represented visually. Only 13.1% of industry-sponsored videos uploaded after the mandate effective date had an FDA-mandated warning statement and videos with FDA-mandated and non-mandated (v. no) warnings had significantly fewer views, likes, dislikes, and comments. Among all non-mandated warnings, 31.3% featured an addiction/tobacco, 18.8% a safety/toxic exposure, and 37.5% a health effects warning.

Conclusions
The prevalence of FDA-mandated warning statements in e-cigarette related YouTube videos was low. FDA enforcement of the warning statement mandate on YouTube could increase the public’s understanding of the addictive nature of nicotine in e-cigarettes.

Implications
The FDA has the authority to regulate the advertisement and promotion of e-cigarettes on the Internet. These data can inform future FDA requirements related to the language content and visual representation of addiction/tobacco, safety/exposure, and health effects warning statements that appear in YouTube videos and other visual social media popular among young people. Such data would help consumers make informed decisions about purchasing e-cigarette products, using e-cigarettes, and avoiding unintentional harm related to e-cigarettes. In addition, these data may help social media platforms make decisions on whether they will prohibit advertisements that promote or facilitate the sale of tobacco products.
Health Claims, Marketing Appeals, and Warnings on Popular Brands of Waterpipe Tobacco Packaging Sold in the United States
Authors: Sutfin Erin L , Lazard Allison J , Soule Eric K , Kimes Caroline M , King Jessica , Jenson Desmond , Ross Jennifer Cornacchione 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Waterpipe tobacco (WT) smoking is associated with misperceptions of harm, especially among users. WT packaging contains imagery, flavor descriptors, and text claims that may contribute to misperceptions. The study goal was to characterize visual and text elements of WT packaging.

Aims and Methods
Using data from the U.S. Population Assessment on Tobacco and Health Study Wave 2 (October 2014–October 2015), we identified the 10 most popular WT brands. For each brand, we identified available flavors, including flavor collections with unique packaging elements. We randomly selected 10 flavors per brand for purchase (March–April 2018). We conducted descriptive content analysis to code all textual and visual design elements of each package.

Results
Over half (54%) of WT packages had modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) claims prohibited by federal law, including substance-free MRTP claims (43%) and the descriptor “natural” (11%). No MRTP reduced exposure or reduced risk claims were found. Over a quarter (26%) of packaging including one or more of terms that may imply reduced harm including “fresh,” “premium,” “quality,” and “pure.” All packages included a text-only warning, yet none appeared on the primary display panel. Almost all packaging (99%) included imagery, with 72% including flavor imagery. The majority of packages (72%) included a smoking cue. The most popular marketing appeals were “well-made” (57%), “enjoyable” (55%), and “patriotic” (47%).

Conclusions
Prohibited MRTP claims, other descriptors, and flavor imagery are common on WT packaging, despite federal law. Future research is needed to evaluate if this marketing contributes to misperceptions of reduced harm.

Implications
Tobacco packaging is used to convey health-related messages, both explicitly and implicitly; however, information about WT packaging is virtually nonexistent. We conducted a content analysis of WT packaging from the 10 most popular US brands. Over half (54%) of packages had prohibited MRTP claims and over a quarter (26%) included one or more descriptors that may be perceived as implying reduced harm. Use of imagery, including smoking cues, was common. The widespread use of prohibited MRTP claims, other descriptors, and imagery on WT packaging may contribute to misperceptions of reduced harm.
Successive variational approach with the tensor-optimized antisymmetrized molecular dynamics for the 5He nucleus
Authors: Myo Takayuki , Lyu Mengjiao , Toki Hiroshi , Horiuchi Hisashi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study $^5$He variationally as the first $p$-shell nucleus in the tensor-optimized antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (TOAMD) using the bare nucleon–nucleon interaction without any renormalization. In TOAMD, the central and tensor correlation operators promote the AMD’s Gaussian wave function to a sophisticated many-body state including the short-range and tensor correlations with high-momentum nucleon pairs. We develop a successive approach by applying these operators successively with up to double correlation operators to get converging results. We obtain satisfactory results for $^5$He, not only for the ground state but also for the excited state, and discuss explicitly the correlated Hamiltonian components in each state. We also show the importance of the independent optimization of the correlation functions in the variation of the total energy beyond the condition assuming common correlation forms used in the Jastrow approach.
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and the risk of heart failure in postmenopausal women of the ARIC Study
Authors: Ebong Imo A. , Wilson Machelle D. , Bertoni Alain G. , Appiah Duke , Polonsky Tamar , Michos Erin D. , Ballantyne Christie , Chang Patricia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective:
We investigated isolated and joint effects of early menopause (occurrence before 45 y of age) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T elevation (hs-cTnT ≥ 14 ng/L) on heart failure (HF) incidence in postmenopausal women.

Methods:
We included 2,276 postmenopausal women, aged 67-90 years, with hs-cTnT measurements and without prevalent HF from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study Visit 5 (2011-2013). Women were categorized according to early menopause and hs-cTnT group. Cox proportional hazards models were used for analysis.

Results:
Over a median follow-up of 5.5 years, we observed 104 HF events. The incidence rates of HF were greater in women with hs-cTnT elevation when compared to those without hs-cTnT elevation. In unadjusted analysis, the hazard ratios for incident HF were threefold greater in women with hs-cTnT elevation, with or without early menopause, (3.03 [95% CI, 1.59-5.77]) and (3.29 [95% CI, 2.08-5.21]), respectively, but not significantly greater in women with early menopause without hs-cTnT elevation, when compared to women with neither early menopause nor hs-cTnT elevation at Visit 5. After adjusting for HF risk factors and NT-pro B-type natriuretic peptide, these associations were attenuated and became nonsignificant for women with hs-cTnT elevation, but became stronger and significant for women with early menopause without hs-cTnT elevation (2.39 [95% CI, 1.28-4.46]).

Conclusions:
Irrespective of early menopause status, hs-cTnT elevation is associated with greater HF incidence but this association is partially explained by HF risk factors. Even in the absence of hs-cTnT elevation, early menopause is significantly associated with HF incidence after accounting for HF risk factors.

Video Summary:
http://links.lww.com/MENO/A693.
Treatment with a dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist improves metabolic health in an old, obese, and ovariectomized rat model
Authors: Katri Anna , Reker Ditte , Karsdal Morten A. , Bay-Jensen Anne-Christine , Henriksen Kim 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives:
Menopause is often characterized by detrimental metabolic changes, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose tolerance, often requiring treatment. KeyBioscience Peptides (KBPs) are Dual Amylin and Calcitonin Receptor Agonists which have shown promising metabolic effects in rats. The objective of this study was to investigate the in vivo effect of KBP on the metabolic health in a model driven by unhealthy diet, age, and menopause.

Methods:
Female Sprague Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 3 months before the initiation of the study. At 6 months of age the rats were randomized into groups (n = 12) and subjected to ovariectomy surgery and treatment with KBP: (1) Lean-Sham, (2) HFD-Sham, (3) Lean-OVX, (4) HFD-OVX, (5) HFD-OVX-KBP (10 μg/kg/d), (6) HFD-OVX-KBP (20 μg/kg/d), (7) HFD-OVX-EE2 (30 μg/d 17a-ethynylestradiol). Body weight, food intake, oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, liver weight, and uterus weight were assessed during the 6-month study. Statistical analyses were conducted by one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test for multiple comparisons.

Results:
Combination of OVX and HFD led to significant induction of obesity (31% weight increase, P < 0.001) and insulin resistance (13% increase in tAUCglucose during OGTT P < 0.01) compared with the relevant control groups (P < 0.05), and this could be completely rescued by EE2 therapy confirming the model system (P < 0.05).
Treatment of OVX-HFD rats with KBP for 26 weeks led to a significant reduction in body weight (13%, P < 0.001) in the high dose and 9% (P < 0.01) in the low dose, with corresponding improvements in fat depot sizes, all compared with HFD-OVX controls. As expected, food intake was suppressed, albeit mainly in the first 2 weeks of treatment, resulting in a reduction of overall caloric intake by 6.5% (P < 0.01) and 12.5% (P < 0.001) in the low and high doses respectively. Furthermore, treatment with KBP reduced the weight of visceral and subcutaneous fat tissues. Finally, KBP treatment significantly improved glucose tolerance, assessed using OGTTs at weeks 8, 16, and 24.

Conclusions:
The data presented here clearly indicate a positive and sustained effect of KBP treatment on body weight loss, fat depot size, and improved glucose tolerance, illustrating the potential of KBPs as treatments for metabolic complications of overweight and menopause.
Sex- and Gender-Dependent Differences in Clinical and Preclinical Sepsis
Authors: Zhang Meng Qi , Macala Kimberly F. , Fox-Robichaud Alison , Mendelson Asher A. , Lalu Manoj M. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
In this mini-review we provide an overview of sex- and gender-dependent issues in both clinical and preclinical sepsis. The increasing recognition for the need to account for sex and gender in biomedical research brings a unique set of challenges and requires researchers to adopt best practices when conducting and communicating sex- and gender-based research. This may be of particular importance in sepsis, given the potential contribution of sex bias in the failures of translational sepsis research in adults and neonates. Clinical evidence of sex-dependent differences in sepsis is equivocal. Since clinical studies are limited to observational data and confounded by a multitude of factors, preclinical studies provide a unique opportunity to investigate sex differences in a controlled, experimental environment. Numerous preclinical studies have suggested that females may experience favorable outcomes in comparison with males. The underlying mechanistic evidence for sex-dependent differences in sepsis and other models of shock (e.g., trauma-hemorrhage) largely centers around the beneficial effects of estrogen. Other mechanisms such as the immunosuppressive role of testosterone and X-linked mosaicism are also thought to contribute to observed sex- and gender-dependent differences in sepsis. Significant knowledge gaps still exist in this field. Future investigations can address these gaps through careful consideration of sex and gender in clinical studies, and the use of clinically accurate preclinical models that reflect sex differences. A better understanding of sex-and gender-dependent differences may serve to increase translational research success.
A novel mechanism of regulation of the transcription factor GLI3 by toll-like receptor signaling
Authors: Matissek Stephan J. , Han Weiguo , Hage Adam , Karbalivand Mona , Rajsbaum Ricardo , Elsawa Sherine F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe transcription factor GLI3 is a member of the GLI family and has been shown to be regulated by canonical hedgehog (HH) signaling through smoothened (SMO). Little is known about SMO-independent regulation of GLI3. Here, we identify TLR signaling as a novel pathway regulating GLI3 expression. We show that GLI3 expression is induced by LPS/TLR4 in human monocyte cell lines and peripheral blood CD14+cells. Further analysis identified TRIF, but not MyD88, signaling as the adapter used by TLR4 to regulate GLI3. Using pharmacological and genetic tools, we identified IRF3 as the transcription factor regulating GLI3 downstream of TRIF. Furthermore, using additional TLR ligands that signal exclusively through TRIF such as the TLR4 ligand, MPLA and the TLR3 ligand, Poly(I:C), we confirm the role of TRIF-IRF3 in the regulation of GLI3. We found that IRF3 directly binds to the GLI3 promoter region and this binding was increased upon stimulation of TRIF-IRF3 with Poly(I:C). Furthermore, using IRF3−/−MEFs, we found that Poly(I:C) stimulation no longer induced GLI3 expression. Finally, using macrophages from mice lacking Gli3 expression in myeloid cells (M-Gli3−/−), we found that in the absence of Gli3, LPS stimulated macrophages secrete less CCL2 and TNF-α compared with macrophages from wild-type (WT)mice. Taken together, these results identify a novel TLR-TRIF-IRF3 pathway that regulates the expression of GLI3 that regulates inflammatory cytokines and expands our understanding of the non-canonical signaling pathways involved in the regulation of GLI transcription factors.
Lysosomal retargeting of Myoferlin mitigates membrane stress to enable pancreatic cancer growth
Authors: Gupta Suprit , Yano Julian , Htwe Htet Htwe , Shin Hijai R. , Cakir Zeynep , Ituarte Thomas , Wen Kwun W. , Kim Grace E. , Zoncu Roberto , Dawson David W. , Perera Rushika M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLysosomes must maintain integrity of their limiting membrane to ensure efficient fusion with incoming organelles and degradation of substrates within their lumen. Pancreatic cancer cells upregulate lysosomal biogenesis to enhance nutrient recycling and stress resistance, but whether dedicated programs for maintaining lysosomal membrane integrity facilitate pancreatic cancer growth is unknown. Using proteomic-based organelle profiling, we identify the Ferlin family plasma membrane repair factor, Myoferlin, as selectively and highly enriched on the membrane of pancreatic cancer lysosomes. Mechanistically, lysosome localization of Myoferlin is necessary and sufficient for maintenance of lysosome health and provides an early-acting protective system against membrane damage that is independent from the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-mediated repair network. Myoferlin is upregulated in human pancreatic cancer, predicts poor survival, and its ablation severely impairs lysosome function and tumour growthin vivo. Thus, retargeting of plasma membrane repair factors enhances pro-oncogenic activities of the lysosome.
OPA1 Deletion in Brown Adipose Tissue Improves Thermoregulation and Systemic Metabolism via FGF21
Authors: Pereira Renata O. , Marti Alex , Olvera Angela C. , Tadinada Satya M. , Bjorkman Sarah H. , Weatherford Eric T. , Westphal Michael , Patel Pooja H. , Kirby Ana K. , Hewezi Rana , Bùi Trần William , Garcia Pena Luis M , Souvenir Rhonda A. , Mittal Monika , Adams Christopher M. , Potthoff Matthew J. , Abel E. Dale 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAdrenergic stimulation of brown adipocytes alters mitochondrial dynamics, including proteolytic processing of the mitochondrial fusion protein optic atrophy 1 (OPA1). However, direct mechanisms linking OPA1 to brown adipose tissue (BAT) physiology are incompletely understood. By deleting OPA1 selectively in BAT (OPA1 BAT KO), we demonstrate that OPA1 is required for cold-induced thermogenesis. Unexpectedly, OPA1 deficiency induced fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) as a BATokine in an activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)- dependent manner. BAT-derived FGF21 mediates an adaptive response in OPA1 BAT KO mice, by inducing browning of white adipose tissue (WAT), increasing resting metabolic rates, and improving thermoregulation. However, FGF21 does not mediate the resistance to diet-induced obesity observed in these animals. These findings reveal a requirement for OPA1 in BAT thermogenesis, and uncovers a homeostatic mechanism of BAT-mediated metabolic protection governed by an ATF4-FGF21 axis, that is activated independently of BAT thermogenic function.