bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of azithromycin and erythromycin in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children
Authors: Han Rui , Yu Qianqian , Zhang Guohui , Li Baoqiang , Han Shuzhen , Li Guiying 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To study and compare the clinical effects of azithromycin and erythromycin on children with mycoplasma pneumonia.
Methods: Total 132 children with mycoplasma pneumonia who were admitted to our hospital between November 2017 and September 2018 were selected as the research subjects. All the children were divided into an observation group and a control group according to random number table, 66 each. The observation group was treated with azithromycin, while the control group was treated with erythromycin. The therapeutic effect, incidence of adverse reactions and disappearance time of clinical symptoms were compared between the two groups.
Results: The total efficacy of the observation group was 98.04%, and that of the control group was 74.51%; there was a significant difference (X2=7.184, P=0.007). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 15.69%, significantly lower than that in the control group (41.18%) (X2=6.376, P=0.002). The disappearance of fever, cough, rale and X ray shadow of the observation group was significantly earlier than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Compared with erythromycin, azithromycin is more effective in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children. Azithromycin can further shorten the improvement time of clinical symptoms and signs and has few adverse reactions and high safety. It is worth clinical application.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.1441
How to cite this:Han R, Yu Q, Zhang G, Li B, Han S, Li G. Comparison of azithromycin and erythromycin in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(2):156-159. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.1441
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Gastrointestinal endoscopy in early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors
Authors: Li Chunmei , Li Lingzhi , Shi Juan 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To explore the value of gastrointestinal endoscopy in the early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors and lay a foundation for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors.
Methods: One hundred and eight patients with gastrointestinal tumors who were admitted to our hospital from August 2016 to April 2018 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into observation group and control group according to different diagnostic methods, 54 cases in each group. The control group was treated with traditional endoscopy (white light imaging) and traditional surgery, while the observation group underwent narrow band imaging (NBI) based on endoscopic examination and endoscopic mucosal resection. The image quality scores (morphological image, gastric pit image and capillary image), diagnostic accuracy, surgery related clinical indicators (operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, hospitalization days) and complications were observed and compared between the two groups.
Results: The morphological image, gastric pit image and capillary image scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The diagnostic accuracy rate of the observation group was 96.30%, which was significantly higher than 75.93% (P<0.05). The operation time and hospitalization days of the observation group were shorter than those of the control group, and the intraoperative bleeding volume of the observation group was less than that of the control group; the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of complications of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Gastrointestinal endoscopy can accurately identify the pathological changes of tumors in the early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors, improve the diagnostic accuracy rate, and guide the implementation of treatment measures to improve clinical indicators. Moreover the incidence of postoperative complications is low. It is worth clinical promotion.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.707
How to cite this:Li C, Li L, Shi J. Gastrointestinal endoscopy in early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(2):203-207. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.707
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Grupos de Lie e Equações Diferenciais Ordinárias
Authors: Pinto Alisson Da Silva , Silva Patrícia Nunes da , Santos André Luiz Cordeiro dos 
Published: December 2019

O ensino de equações diferenciais ordinárias se restringe a apresentação de uma variedade de técnicas para solucionar tipos específicos de equações, tais como exatas, separáveis, homogêneas, etc. Isto faz com que estudantes imaginem que o estudo de equações diferenciais se resume a uma lista de técnicas para resolver tais equações. Veremos que há uma teoria que unifica e estende a maioria destes métodos estudados que aparentemente não estão relacionados.
Procedimentos dolorosos agudos no recém-nascido pré-termo em uma unidade neonatal
Authors: Rocha Érica Célia Sousa , Silva Liana Albuquerque da , Araujo Marcelle Campos de , Azevedo Silvia Schoenau de , Junqueira-Marinho Maria de Fatima 
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: analisar o número de procedimentos dolorosos agudos e manejo da dor em recém-nascidos pré-termo em uma unidade neonatal. Método: estudo descritivo, transversal. Teve como campo uma unidade neonatal de uma instituição pública de saúde. Os participantes da pesquisa foram recém-nascidos abaixo de 35 semanas. Resultados: foram incluídos 17 recém-nascidos. Foi quantificado um total de 729 procedimentos dolorosos. Em média foram realizados 42,9 procedimentos por recém-nascido durante os primeiros 14 dias de vida, sendo aproximadamente três procedimentos realizados por bebê no serviço diurno. Dentre os procedimentos, o mais frequente foi a punção de calcâneo (23,9%). O manejo predominante foi a contenção facilitada (32,7%). A (re)inserção de pronga foi o segundo procedimento mais realizado. Conclusões: O estudo permitiu apreender que o manejo da dor no recém-nascido pré-termo internado em uma unidade neonatal ainda é um desafio.
Design and Tests of a Multi-pin Flexible Seedling Pick-up Gripper for Automatic Transplanting
Authors: Han Luhua , Kumi Francis , Mao Hanping , Hu Jianping 
Published: December 2019

HighlightsA multi-pin flexible pick-up gripper with a four-jaw chuck having four pick-up pins has been developed.The gripper can effectively grasp, hold and release plug seedlings with low damages to the plants and the root soil.Based on a typical on-off control and cylinder stroke position detection, the control system for timely response was designed to automate the process of picking up and releasing seedlings.Abstract. A multi-pin flexible seedling pick-up gripper for automatic transplanting was developed and evaluated. The gripper having a four-jaw chuck mainly consists of a parallel-type air gripper with four fingers, four fork frames, four cylinder fingers, and several connecting/supporting parts. The air gripper moves to open and close the cylinder fingers, and the cylinder fingers each having a flexible pin grasp and release the seedling. When the pick-up gripper extracts seedlings from the tray cells, its four cylindrical fingers push out four pick-up pins to penetrate deep into the root soil and then close, making the pick-up pins to firmly hold the root soil for lifting. When the pick-up gripper releases seedlings, its fingers open, making the pick-up pins loosen the root soil and then pull back for discharging. An electrical and pneumatic control system was designed to coordinate the execution of each action. The pick-up gripper attached to a robotic manipulator was tested on a range of plug seedling transplanting parameters and conditions. The results showed that penetration depth, seedling species, and the interaction of working pressure and seedling species significantly influenced the successful automatic transplanting. On the whole, the seedling integrity ratio in automatic transplanting was found to be up to 93.37%. For optimum performance of the device in transplanting seedlings, the pick-up pins of the multi-pin gripper need to grasp the maximum amount of root soil at their maximum penetration depth. Keywords: Gripper, Flexible, Multi-pin, Seedlings, Transplanting.
The effect of preoperative stoma training for patients undergoing colorectal surgery in an enhanced recovery programme
Authors: Hughes MJ , Cunningham W , Yalamarthi S 
Published: December 2019

Introduction Stoma formation following colorectal resection is often anticipated prior to surgery. Becoming independent with stoma handling can sometimes delay discharge beyond achievement of discharge criteria. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of preoperative stoma training on length of stay. Methods Patients undergoing colorectal resection within an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programme were prospectively entered into a database. Retrospective analysis was performed of those who received a stoma as part of their operation. Patients who underwent preoperative stoma training were compared with those who had conventional postoperative training. The primary outcome measure was length of hospital stay. Secondary outcome measures included overall morbidity, stoma related morbidity, ERAS milestone achievement and readmission rates. Results The median length of stay was improved in the patients receiving preoperative stoma training (8 days [interquartile range: 6–10] vs 9 days [interquartile range: 7–19.5], p=0.025). No statistically significant difference was observed in overall morbidity rates, stoma specific morbidity, ERAS milestones or readmission rates. Conclusions Preoperative stoma training can reduce length of stay and could be employed routinely for patients who are planned to have colorectal surgery. Such training can be incorporated within ERAS pathways.
Propagation characteristics of vortex beams in anisotropic atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Tang Shanfa , Yan Jiawei , Yong Kangle , Zhang Rongzhu 
Published: December 2019

The phase distortion of vortex beams caused by atmospheric turbulence is calculated by the power spectral inversion method. An analytical expression of the fundamental mode Gaussian vortex beam that propagates through anisotropic atmospheric turbulence has been deduced. The influences of altitude, anisotropic factor, and topological charge (TC) on the propagation characteristics of vortex beams are discussed in detail. The results show that when the altitude is in the region of 3–6 km, the change of altitude has little influence on the quality of vortex beams. When the altitude is in the region of 6–7.8 km, beam quality will become better along with the increase in altitude. Otherwise, beam quality will be better with the increase in anisotropic factor, and the ability to resist distortion will be stronger with the increase in TC.
Phase-only pulse shaper for multi-octave light sources
Authors: di Pietro Vittorio Maria , Bux Simone , Forget Nicolas , Jullien Aurélie 
Published: December 2019

Continuous spectral phase shaping is demonstrated over a spectral bandwidth spanning from 540 nm to 2500 nm (450 THz) with a modulation dynamic large enough to shape single-cycle pulses or even transient electric fields in the near infrared.
Microwave scattering-absorption properties of a lightweight all-dielectric coding metamaterial based on TiO2/CNTs
Authors: Wu Zhuang , Zhang Zilong , Chen Xiqiao , Feng Fan , Zhang Lei , Lv Yangyang , He Yaoyi , Zou Yanhong 
Published: December 2019

The all-dielectric coding metamaterial is obtained by encoding the unit structures constructed of conventional absorbing material. The combined effects of absorption and scattering to electromagnetic waves provide noteworthy application in reducing the radar cross section (RCS). In this Letter, utilizing the

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material, we designed two types of hollow dielectric elements and coded them in a checkerboard format after calculation and analysis. The experimental results manifest that the frequency range where the RCS reduction is less than

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covers from 5.3 to 18 GHz. The design of the hollow structure and the selection of low-density material make the all-dielectric coding metamaterial a small surface density. Additionally, the design of coding the all-dielectric elements will have potential application in radar stealth.
Microbiome Diagnostics
Authors: Schlaberg Robert 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDDuring the past decade, breakthroughs in sequencing technology and computational biology have provided the basis for studies of the myriad ways in which microbial communities (“microbiota”) in and on the human body influence human health and disease. In almost every medical specialty, there is now a growing interest in accurate and replicable profiling of the microbiota for use in diagnostic and therapeutic application.CONTENTThis review provides an overview of approaches, challenges, and considerations for diagnostic applications borrowing from other areas of molecular diagnostics, including clinical metagenomics. Methodological considerations and evolving approaches for microbiota profiling from mitochondrially encoded 16S rRNA-based amplicon sequencing to metagenomics and metatranscriptomics are discussed. To improve replicability, at least the most vulnerable steps in testing workflows will need to be standardized and continuous efforts needed to define QC standards. Challenges such as purity of reagents and consumables, improvement of reference databases, and availability of diagnostic-grade data analysis solutions will require joint efforts across disciplines and with manufacturers.SUMMARYThe body of literature supporting important links between the microbiota at different anatomic sites with human health and disease is expanding rapidly and therapeutic manipulation of the intestinal microbiota is becoming routine. The next decade will likely see implementation of microbiome diagnostics in diagnostic laboratories to fully capitalize on technological and scientific advances and apply them in routine medical practice.
Ashanti Pioneer: Coverage of Growing Political Developments in the Gold Coast, 1946–1949
Authors: Hargrove Jarvis L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn 1939, John and Nancy Tsiboe, operators of Abura Printing Works, began the Ashanti Pioneer in Kumasi, just as World War II was getting underway. As the War came to an end, the newspaper shifted its news coverage from the War to nationalist movements within the country and the eventual start of political parties. This article highlights the numerous stories devoted to the nationalist movement, the emergence of political parties, and the eventual calls for independence. This article shows how the Ashanti Pioneer played a substantial role in spreading information regarding these new political parties formed at the conclusion of World War II, namely the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) led by J. B. Danquah and the Convention’s People’s Party (CPP) led by Kwame Nkrumah.
Uneasy Comrades: Postcolonial Statecraft, Race, and Citizenship, Ghana-Soviet Relations, 1957–1966
Authors: Osei-Opare Nana 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article tells a new history of the Cold War, of Ghana’s early post-colonial foreign policy, and the formation of Ghana’s national identity through its diplomatic, economic, and migratory relationship with the USSR during Kwame Nkrumah’s government (1957–66). Through examining English and Russian sources from American, British, Ghanaian, and Russian archives, this article offers three arguments. First, by analyzing Soviet anxieties over its role in Ghanaian affairs, the article shows that Ghana significantly controlled the economic and diplomatic contours and pace of its relationship with the USSR. Second, that discourses of race and neocolonialism were more central to defining the terms of Ghana’s geopolitical positioning than the Cold War framework. Third, the virulent racism Ghanaians experienced in the United States and USSR helped forge a global Ghanaian national consciousness. The article illuminates an independent black state’s attempts to procure sovereignty against a white supremacist economic and political international order and calls for Cold War scholars to engage seriously with African archives alongside non-African ones to create more dynamic, representational historical accounts.
Thomas C. Schelling dans les sciences sociales
Authors: Frozel Barros Natália , Motta Alessio 
Published: December 2019

Par ses travaux et sa position à partir des années 1950 dans différentes institutions publiques états-uniennes et think tanks comme la RAND Corporation, Thomas Schelling a été un conseiller indirect du prince dont le rôle fut peut-être décisif dans le plus important événement de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, « [the] one that did not occur ». Notre planète n’est pas devenue le théâtre d’une guerre nucléaire entre grandes puissances.
GeoTAB: Identificação dos biomas e da vegetação na região de atuação da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros
Authors: Nogueira Junior Lauro Rodrigues , Dompieri Márcia Helena Galina , Cruz Marcus Aurélio Soares 
Published: December 2019

Conhecer as características fitofisionômicas da vegetação nativa de uma região é fundamental para o planejamento de políticas públicas e programas de conservação e uso sustentável da vegetação, bem como para tomadas de decisões de cunho social, político, jurídico, econômico e ambiental. A região de atuação da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros abrange 21,95 milhões de hectares em sete estados ao longo da costa atlântica do Nordeste brasileiro. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar os biomas e o tipo de vegetação dessa região, de acordo com normas do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). As informações foram obtidas a partir de dados do IBGE disponibilizados em 2018 e 2019 no formato vetorial, na escala de 1:250.000, e de dados de publicações técnicas e científicas disponíveis em base de dados digitais e em publicações impressas. A Mata Atlântica (63%) e a Caatinga (37%) são os dois biomas presentes na área de estudo. Considerando a vegetação pretérita, as formações vegetais identificadas foram: Floresta com 52,11%; Savana-estépica com 23,05%; Áreas de contato com 14,64%; Áreas de Formações Pioneiras com 4,92%; Savana com 1,37%; Campinarana com 0,02% e áreas indiscriminadas somaram 3,89%. Em 2017, 77% da área de estudo estava antropizada, restando apenas 4,14% de florestas naturais. Considera-se que pesquisas e políticas públicas relacionadas à regularização e fiscalização ambiental devem voltar-se para a preservação dos remanescentes de florestas naturais e a recomposição de florestas nativas em áreas estratégicas dentro dos imóveis rurais do Cadastro Ambiental Rural.
Effect of anatomical location (mandible vs maxilla) of dental implants on the BMP-2, BMP-7, sRANKL and OPG levels in periimplant crevicular fluid during osseointegration. A pilot study
Authors: SAĞLAM Mehmet , DOLANMAZ Doğan , KOÇAK Emrah , POYRAZ Burcu , İNAN Özgür , DÜNDAR Niyazi , HAKKI Sema 
Published: December 2019

Background:The aim of this study was to investigate
levels of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), BMP-7, soluble receptor
activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (sRANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the
peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) of implants placed in both maxilla and mandible
during the osseointegration period.Methods:Thirty-three patients (17 females and 16
males; mean age 47.03±11.23 years) were included in this study. A total of 33
implants were placed in both of maxilla (Group 1/n=18) and mandible (group
2/n=15). Peri-implant
crevicular fluid (PICF) samples, modified plaque index (MPI), gingival index
(GI) and probing depth (PD) measurements were obtained at 1 and 3 months after
surgery. PICF levels of BMP-2/-7, sRANKL and OPG were analyzed by ELISA.Results:No complications were observed during
the healing period. No significant differences were observed in the PICF
levels of sRANKL, OPG, BMP-2 and BMP-7 and evaluated clinical parameters between
groups at any time point (p&gt;0.05). While PICF volume of group 2 was greater
than group 1 at first month, PICF volume of group 1 was greater than group 2 at
3 months (p&lt;0.05). There was a positive correlation between sRANKL
levels and PICF volume (p&lt;0.05) and a strong correlation between BMP-2 and
BMP-7 (p&lt;0.01).Conclusions:The results of this pilot study didn’t
show any significant difference in PICF levels of BMP-2, BMP-7, sRANKL, and OPG
in terms of anatomic location of dental implants. Further well-designed studies should be carried
out to evaluate the relationship between bone related biomarkers and anatomic
location of dental implants.
Eskişehir İlindeki Çocuklarda Diş Çürüğü ve Florozis Görülme Sıklığının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Egemen Elmas , TÜLOĞLU Nuray 
Published: December 2019

Amaç: Bu araştırmada, Eskişehir
ilindeki çocuklarda diş çürüğü ve dental florozis görülme sıklığının
değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Ayrıca dental florozisin etiyolojik faktörleri ve dental
florozis görülme sıklığının diş çürüğü ile ilişkisi de değerlendirildi.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmaya, Eskişehir ilindeki 8-12 yaş arasındaki
toplam 4936 çocuk dahil edildi. Diş çürüğünün değerlendirilmesinde dft/DMFT
indeksi, dental florozisin değerlendirilmesinde ise Thylstrup-Fejerskov İndeksi
kullanıldı. Ayrıca çocukların ebeveynleri tarafından dental florozise neden
olabileceği öne sürülen etiyolojik faktörleri içeren anamnez formu dolduruldu.
Kullanılan içme sularının florür konsantrasyonları iyon kromatografi cihazı
kullanılarak tespit edildi. Elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel
değerlendirmesinde Mann Whitney-U Testi, Kruskal Wallis Testi ve Spearman
Korelasyon testi kullanıldı.

Bulgular:Araştırmaya katılan çocukların
ortalama DMFT değeri 2.18±2.00, dental florozis görülme sıklığı ise % 1.9
olarak belirlendi. Dental florozis görülme sıklığı ile ilçeler arasında anlamlı
bir fark olduğu (p&lt;0.001) ve en yüksek dental florozis görülme oranının
sudaki florür konsantrasyonunun optimum dozun üzerinde olan Çifteler ilçesinde
(% 15.2) olduğu saptandı. Dental florozis görülmesi ile diş çürüğü arasında
negatif korelasyon olduğu tespit edildi (p&lt;0.01). Ayrıca anne/babanın eğitim
düzeyi, doğumdan itibaren aynı bölgede yaşaması, anne sütü ile beslenme süresi,
içme suyunun tipi, okulda kullanılan suyun tipi, macun tipi ile çocukta dental
florozis görülme sıklığı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlendi
(p&lt;0.05).

Sonuçlar: Sonuç olarak, dental florozis görülmesinde içme suyundaki
florür konsantrasyonunun yanı sıra anne sütü ile beslenme süresi ve kullanılan
macun tipi gibi diğer faktörlerin de rol oynadığı ve dental florozis
önlenmesinde tüm etiyolojik faktörlerin gözönünde bulundurulması gerektiğini
düşünmekteyiz.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Çocuk, Dental Florozis, Diş Çürüğü, Eskişehir