bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Action at a Distance: Geriatric Research during a Pandemic
Authors: Nicol Ginger E. , Piccirillo Jay F. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Lenze Eric J. 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND“Action at a distance” may be the new norm for clinical researchers in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic that may require social distancing for the next 18 months. We must minimize face‐to‐face contact with vulnerable populations. But we must also persist, adapt, and help our older patients and study participants during the pandemic.METHODSClinical researchers have an obligation to help, and we can. Recommendations for clinical researchers working with older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic are discussed.RESULTSImplement technology now: Minimize face‐to‐face contact with participants by utilizing digital tools, such as shifting to electronic informed consent and digital HIPAA‐compliant tools such as e‐mailed surveys or telehealth assessments.Assess the psychological and social impact of COVID‐19: How are participants coping? What health or social behaviors have changed? How are they keeping up with current events? What are they doing to stay connected to their families, friends, and communities? Are their healthcare needs being met? Current studies should be adapted immediately to these ends.Mobilize research platforms for patient needs: Leverage our relationships with participants and rapidly deploy novel clinical engagement techniques such as digital tools to intervene remotely and reduce the negative effects of social isolation on our participants. Equip research staff with tangible resources, and provide timely population‐specific health information to support patients and healthcare providers.CONCLUSIONSWe have an opportunity to make an impact on our older adult patients now as this pandemic continues to unfold. Above all, clinical researchers need to continue working, to help as many people as possible through the crisis. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:922–925, 2020
Comprehensive report on the prevalence of root‐knot nematodes in the Poonch division of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Authors: Tariq‐Khan Muhammad , Mukhtar Tariq , Munir Anjum , Hallmann Johannes , Heuer Holger 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe present study documents the root‐knot nematodes (RKN) fauna of the Poonch division in Azad Jammu and Kashmir infecting vegetables. An overall prevalence of 40% of RKN was recorded. Of the four districts investigated, maximum prevalence was recorded in district Poonch with 59%, followed by Sudhnuti with 58%. The lowest prevalence of RKN was found in districts Bagh (29%) and Haveli (33%). Out of 15 vegetables investigated, RKN was found on five crops. The highest prevalence of 37.8% was recorded on okra, followed by 31.3% on cucumber and 17.5% on tomato. RKN was less prevalent on eggplant (8.3%) and beans (7.7%). Three RKN species, that is Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne arenaria, were found infecting the hosts. M. javanica was found to be the most prevalent followed by M. incognita and M. arenaria. This trend was found in all the districts. Overall prevalence of M. javanica as sole population was 9% and that of M. incognita was 2%. Meloidogyne arenaria was not found in any of the fields as sole population. The prevalence of M. incognita with M. javanica or M. arenaria as mixed populations was 8% and 5%, respectively, and that of M. javanica with M. arenaria was 4%. Similarly, all the three species prevailed as mixed populations in 12% of the fields in the division. The severity of RKN infections, measured as galling index, was found to be variable within each infected field (GI 2–9). Identification of RKN species was based on the morphology of perineal patterns and confirmed by molecular SCAR and CO1 makers based identification. In conclusion, RKN were distributed in the Poonch division and M. javanica was predominant. Cucumber, okra, tomato and eggplant were severely attacked by these nematodes warranting the adoption of stringent control strategies for their management.
Dietary Clostridium butyricum supplementation modifies significantly the liver transcriptomic profile in weaned piglets
Authors: Qiao Jiayun , Li Haihua , Li Yupeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe addition of probiotics in swine nutrition is known to positively influence both health and growth. The current study investigates differences in the hepatic transcriptome profiles between weaned piglets supplemented with Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) and control animals that received no probiotic. The liver is an important metabolic organ that plays a critical role in oxidizing triglycerides for energy production, lipid synthesis and degradation, as well as immune regulation in animals. RNA‐Seq analysis was carried out on total RNA harvested from the liver of piglets fed with (n = 3) or without (n = 3) 5 × 105 C. butyricum CFU/g. Compared to the control piglets, 588 of the genes examined (352 up‐regulated and 236 down‐regulated) were significantly differentially expressed at a fold change > 2 and p < .05 in animals fed with C. butyricum. Quantitative real‐time reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR) analysis was further used to validate the microarray expression results for 28 genes tested. The functional annotation analyses revealed several genes, processes and pathways with putative involvement in piglet growth and performance. Feeding swine with 5 × 105 C. butyricum CFU/g appears to reinforce their immune status as well as foster the cell cycle and improve the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids. This study provides valuable information about the expression profiles of mRNAs in piglet liver and in‐depth functional investigations of these mRNAs that could provide new insights into the molecular networks of growth, immune responses and nutrient metabolism in the porcine liver.
Health outcomes of patients with dementia in acute care settings—A systematic review
Authors: Fox Amanda , MacAndrew Margaret , Ramis Mary‐Anne 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn ageing population has resulted in increased numbers of people with dementia attending acute care services; however, the impact of hospitalisation on this population is uncertain.PurposeThis systematic review aimed to synthesise the available evidence on adverse health outcomes for people with dementia in acute care settings.MethodsA systematic search of CINAHL, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus databases for primary research articles in English language, published from 2000 to 2017, was conducted. A protocol for the review was registered on the PROSPERO database.ResultsThe initial search identified 5,520 records. Following removal of duplicates and assessment against inclusion criteria, 13 studies were included in the final review. Findings identify associations between patients with dementia, longer length of hospital stay and higher mortality in some situations. Heterogeneity across studies in data reporting and outcomes prevented meta‐analysis; therefore, results are presented narratively.ConclusionsCertainty of findings from this review is impacted by variation in patient condition and data reporting. Additional rigorous studies on health outcomes for people with dementia during acute hospitalisation will contribute to the evidence.Implications for practiceThese findings along with further research examining outcomes for patients with dementia in acute care settings will inform provision of safer, quality care and optimal health outcomes for this vulnerable population.
A Systematic Review of Field Experiments in Public Administration
Authors: Hansen Jesper Asring , Tummers Lars 
Published: March 2020

AbstractField experiments have become popular in public administration. By allowing for the identification of causal effects in realistic settings, field experiments may become central in several research agendas of relevance to the field. Conducting field experiments is difficult and problems often occur along the way. However, researchers new to the method have few resources in public administration to consider the problems that arise when conducting field experiments. This systematic review identifies 42 field experiments in public administration and serves as an introduction to field experiments in public administration. The article discusses how field experiments developed over time and highlights trends in field experimentation in public administration. It then discusses issues to consider when designing field experiments. Among these are costs, practicality, ethics, and validity. Finally, the authors suggest a future research agenda for public administration field experiments.
Childhood OSA is an independent determinant of blood pressure in adulthood: longitudinal follow-up study
Authors: Chan Kate Ching-ching , Au Chun Ting , Hui Lai Ling , Wing Yun Kwok , Li Albert Martin 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundCurrent literature supports cross-sectional association between childhood obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and elevated blood pressure (BP). However, long-term cardiovascular outcomes in children with OSA remain unexplored.ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations of childhood OSA with BP parameters in a prospective 10 year follow-up study.MethodsParticipants were recruited from a cohort established for our previous OSA epidemiological study. They were invited to undergo clinical examination, overnight polysomnography and 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the associations of baseline childhood OSA with BP outcomes at follow-up. Multivariable log-binomial regression was used with inverse probability weighting to assess the adjusted associations of childhood OSA with hypertension and non-dipping of nocturnal BP in adulthood.Results243 participants (59% male) attended the follow-up visit. The mean age was 9.8 (SD ±1.8) and 20.2 (SD ±1.9) years at baseline and follow-up respectively, with a mean follow-up duration of 10.4 (SD ±1.1) years. Childhood moderate-to-severe OSA was associated with higher nocturnal systolic blood pressure (SBP) (difference from normal controls: 6.5 mm Hg, 95% CI 2.9 to 10.1) and reduced nocturnal dipping of SBP (−4.1%, 95% CI −6.3% to 1.8%) at follow-up, adjusted for age, sex, Body Mass Index and height at baseline, regardless of the presence of OSA at follow-up. Childhood moderate-to-severe OSA was also associated with higher risk of hypertension (relative risk (RR) 2.5, 95% CI 1.2 to 5.3) and non-dipping of nocturnal SBP (RR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.7) at follow-up.ConclusionChildhood OSA was found to be an independent risk factor for adverse BP outcomes in adulthood.
Acute exercise effects on postprandial fat oxidation: meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Pearson Regis C. , Olenick Alyssa A. , Green Edward S. , Jenkins Nathan T. 
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize and evaluate current literature examining the effects of exercise on postprandial fat oxidation, as well as to provide future direction. A quantitative review was performed using meta-analytic methods. A moderator analysis was performed to investigate potential variables that could influence the effect of exercise on postprandial fat oxidation. Fifty-six effects from 26 studies were retrieved. There was a moderate effect of exercise on postprandial fat oxidation (Cohen’s d = 0.58 (95% CI, 0.39 to 0.78)). Moderator analysis revealed that sex, age, weight status, training status, exercise type, exercise intensity, timing of exercise, and composition of the meal challenge significantly affected the impact of prior exercise on postprandial fat oxidation. The moderator analysis also indicated that most previous studies have investigated the impact of prior moderate-intensity endurance exercise on postprandial fat oxidation in young, healthy, lean men. Suggested priorities for future research in this area include (i) an examination of sex differences in and/or female-specific aspects of postprandial metabolism; (ii) a comprehensive evaluation of exercise modalities, intensities, and durations; and (iii) a wider variety of test meal compositions, especially those with higher fat content.Novelty A systematic review of the impact of exercise on postprandial fat oxidation was performed using meta-analytic methods. Analysis revealed a moderate effect of exercise on postprandial fat oxidation. The presented data support a need for future studies to investigate sex differences and to include comprehensive evaluations of exercise modalities, intensities, and duration.
Do we know how to count powers in pionless and pionful effective field theory?
Authors: Yang C.-J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this article I summarize recent progress in the effective field theory approach to low energy nuclear systems, with a focus on the power counting issue. In the pionless sector, where the power counting is quite well understood at the nucleon–nucleon (NN) level, I discuss some recent developments toward few- and many-body calculations. In the pionful sector, I focus on the actively debated issue of power counting in the NN sector and some recent developments toward a model-independent NN interaction. Finally, the scenario that the power counting might depend on the number of particles is discussed.
“Recommended” cross sections for electron collisions with molecules
Authors: Song Mi-Young , Yoon Jung-Sik , Cho Hyuck , Karwasz Grzegorz P. , Kokoouline Viatcheslav , Nakamura Yoshiharu , Tennyson Jonathan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The procedures for constructing recommended sets of cross sections for electron scattering on molecules are described. Possible sources of errors in total and partial cross section measurements are discussed. Examples when the theory successfully supports and/or substitutes measurements are given. The target molecules discussed comprise CH4, C2H2, NF3, N2O, NO2 and H2O.

Graphical abstract
Long‐Term Outcomes in Patients With Mixed Aortic Valve Disease and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Isaza Nicolas , Desai Milind Y. , Kapadia Samir R. , Krishnaswamy Amar , Rodriguez L. Leonardo , Grimm Richard A. , Conic Julijana Z. , Saijo Yoshihito , Roselli Eric E. , Gillinov A. Marc , Johnston Douglas R. , Svensson Lars G. , Griffin Brian P. , Popović Zoran B. 
Published: March 2020

Background

Concurrent presence of aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation is termed mixed aortic valve disease (
MAVD
). Although multiple articles have addressed patients with “isolated” aortic stenosis or aortic regurgitation, the natural history, impact, and outcomes of
MAVD
are not well defined. Here, we evaluate long‐term outcomes in patients with
MAVD
and cardiovascular adaptations to chronic
MAVD
.

Methods and Results

This observational cohort study evaluated 862 adult patients (56.8% male) with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and at least moderate aortic regurgitation and moderate aortic stenosis. Primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. Subgroup analysis was based on treatment modality (aortic valve replacement [
AVR
] versus medical management). A regression analysis of longitudinal echocardiographic parameters was performed to assess the natural history of
MAVD
. Mean age was 68±15 years, and mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 58±5%. At 4.6 years (25th–75th percentile range, 1.0–8.7), 58.6% of patients underwent an
AVR
and 48.8% patients died. In both unadjusted and adjusted Cox survival analysis,
AVR
was associated with improved survival (hazard ratio, 0.41; 95%
CI
, 0.34–0.51,
P
<0.001). Impact of
AVR
persisted when stratifying the cohort by symptom status and baseline aortic valve area (log rank,
P
<0.001 for both) and after propensity‐score matching (hazard ratio, 0.40; 95%
CI
, 0.32–0.50;
P
<0.001). In the longitudinal analysis, there were statistically significant changes over time in aortic valve peak gradient (
P
<0.001) and aortic valve area (
P
<0.001) and only mild increases in left ventricular end‐diastolic (
P
<0.007) and ‐systolic (
P
<0.001) volumes.

Conclusions

MAVD
confers a high risk of all‐cause mortality. However,
AVR
significantly reduces this risk independent of aortic valve area, symptom status, and after controlling for confounding variables.
The Use of Internal Governance in the Renewed Kibbutz as a Tool for Social Maintenance and Development
Authors: Sade Yael , Lewin Eyal 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The kibbutzim were established over a century ago, obtaining their power from communist and socialist ideologies. In spite of enormous changes, all over the world as well as in Israel, particularly the collapse of Communism and the rise of a capitalistic liberal Western lifestyle, the kibbutzim have maintained their basic social structure. Consequently, the question this research examines is what exactly are the social mechanisms that have enabled this continuity over the years. The answer that this article presents focuses on internal governance as a democratic apparatus. Given that the study of internal governance is an accepted method, the authors surveyed internal governance documents that relate to education and that are openly presented to the general public on the renewal kibbutzim sites. The authors fostered a holistic model developed by Rosenthal (1980), in order to indicate the exact roles of internal governance. Their findings establish the concept that internal governance proves to be a good option for community development and preservation. However, there seems to be a lack of awareness of the possibility of using internal governance more widely as a factor that contributes to the development and preservation of the kibbutz.
Macro-events in Verb–verb Compounds from the Perspective of Baseline and Elaboration: Iconicity in Typology and Grammaticalization
Authors: Chen Yiting 
Published: March 2020

In Talmy’s typology of event integration, macro-events are classified into five types (motion, temporal contouring, state change, action correlating, and realization) by the framing event. Examining compound verbs representing macro-events cross-linguistically, this paper argues that macro-events can be classified into two types from the viewpoint of “elaboration” (Langacker 2016): augmentation (motion, state change, and realization) and adaptation (temporal contouring and action correlating). Based on iconicity, compound verbs can be said to be the best candidates for encoding conceptually integrated complex events considering their high lexical integrity. This paper shows that the two types of macro-events in compound verbs are distinct in the order of the framing event and the co-event, the representation of the framing event, and their lexical integrity. These results suggest that the differences in baseline/elaboration organization iconically emerge as explicit differences in linguistic forms, indicating the validity of the “iconicity of structured mapping in compounds”.
The New EU Counter-Terrorism Offences and the Complementary Mechanism of Controlling Terrorist Financing as Challenges for the Rule of Law
Authors: Karaliota Nikoletta , Kompatsiari Eliza , Lampakis Christos , Kaiafa-Gbandi Maria 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study analyses the modern EU counter-terrorism trends, focusing on two parallel axes: (a) the repressive one, where new criminal offences related to terrorist activity (receiving training for terrorism, terrorist financing, travelling and facilitating travelling for the purpose of terrorism) have been instituted, and (b) the preventive one, where establishing a framework of provisions aiming to deter terrorist financing prevails. After critically evaluating EU’s interventions in both axes, the study concludes by noting a ‘paradigm shift’ between repression and prevention in the field of countering terrorism, while suggesting proposals on a transposition of Directive (EU) 2017/541 into national legislations that adheres to the fundamental EU law principles, and a preventive control over terrorist financing that abides by the rule of law.
Agency
Authors: Weissman David 
Published: March 2020

There is agency in all we do: thinking, doing, or making. We invent a tune, play, or use it to celebrate an occasion. Or we make a conceptual leap and ask more abstract questions about the conditions for agency. They include autonomy and self-appraisal, each contested by arguments immersing us in circumstances we don’t control. But can it be true we that have no personal responsibility for all we think and do?
'Agency: Moral Identity and Free Will' proposes that deliberation, choice, and free will emerged within the evolutionary history of animals with a physical advantage: organisms having cell walls or exoskeletons had an internal space within which to protect themselves from external threats or encounters. This defense was both structural and active: such organisms could ignore intrusions or inhibit risky behavior. Their capacities evolved with time: inhibition became the power to deliberate and choose the manner of one’s responses. Hence the ability of humans and some other animals to determine their reactions to problematic situations or to information that alters values and choices. This is free will as a material power, not as the conclusion to a conceptual argument. Having it makes us morally responsible for much we do. It prefigures moral identity.
Closely argued but plainly written, 'Agency: Moral Identity and Free Will' speaks for autonomy and responsibility when both are eclipsed by ideas that embed us in history or tradition. Our sense of moral choice and freedom is accurate. We are not altogether the creatures of our circumstances.
Pilot Study to Assess the Use of Ultrasound in Evaluating the Abnormal Pediatric Airway
Authors: Bell Jason R. , Cohen Aliza P. , Graff Justin T. , Fleck Robert J. , O’Hara Sally , de Alarcon Alessandro , Hart Catherine K. 
Published: March 2020

In this study, we sought to explore the feasibility of using ultrasonography to evaluate airway anomalies in awake children with previous airway reconstruction. For the month of December 2018, we reviewed the medical records of patients aged <18 years old with prior airway reconstruction who had an outpatient appointment and a microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy within 24 hours of each other. Four patients met inclusion criteria and were enrolled. Sonographic airway images and measurements were obtained during the outpatient appointment and compared with those obtained during endoscopy. Ultrasound identified extraluminal stents and glottic, subglottic, and tracheal pathology. Subglottic measurements obtained sonographically were within 0.1 to 0.5 mm of the outer diameter of the appropriate endotracheal tubes. Ultrasound did not visualize tracheotomy tubes or posterolateral pathology. Our findings lay the foundation for expanding the role of ultrasound in pediatric airway assessment, keeping in mind its apparent inability to visualize posterolateral airway pathology.