bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome analysis of tobacco root response to different concentrations of nitrate
Authors: Yang Huijuan , Zhang Yuning , Zhou Yan , Wang Jing , Geng Xinqi , Shi Hongzhi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe aimed to explore genes and transcription factors (TFs) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) that were closely related to responses to different concentrations of nitrate (NO3−) in tobacco root. Cultivar K326 was used in this study. The RNA sequence data generated from K326 treated with high or low concentration of NO3− supplied at different time points (0, 6, 12, and 24 h) were analyzed to determine the transcriptome response of tobacco root to NO3− supply. The expression of numerous genes was altered after high and low NO3− treatment. Further analysis revealed 1981 and 3573 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from low and high NO3− treatment groups, respectively. Comparative analysis identified 567 low‐NO3−‐specific, 2159 high‐NO3−‐specific, and 1414 commonly expressed genes. Combining short time‐series expression miner (STEM) and weighed gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) results, 136 and 416 DEGs were identified from low and high NO3− groups, respectively, among which, 12 were TFs. In the constructed protein−protein interaction (PPI) network, three DEGs in high NO3− group (LOC107807186, LOC107792457, and LOC107786314) exhibited highest degrees. Within low NO3− group, LOC107798206, LOC107815159, and LOC107779796 had highest degrees. Among the 12 TFs, LOC107778750, LOC107810552, and LOC107804260 had the highest degrees. Our data provides valuable information about genes, especially the 12 TFs, which were induced by different concentrations of NO3− in tobacco root. These findings may be useful for identification of high or low NO3− treatment‐induced genes and TFs, as well as for understanding potential gene regulation mechanisms in response to NO3− supply in tobacco.
Defining optimal soybean seeding rates and associated risk across North America
Authors: Gaspar Adam P. , Mourtzinis Spyridon , Kyle Don , Galdi Eric , Lindsey Laura E. , Hamman William P. , Matcham Emma G , Kandel Hans J. , Schmitz Peder , Stanley Jordan D. , Schmidt John P. , Mueller Daren S. , Nafziger Emerson D. , Ross Jeremy , Carter Paul R. , Varenhorst Adam J. , Wise Kiersten A. , Ciampitti Ignacio A. , Carciochi Walter D. , Chilvers Martin I. , Hauswedell Brady , Tenuta Albert U. , Conley Shawn P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeding rate research across North America is typically conducted in small geo‐political regions where environmental effects on the seeding rate × yield relationship are minimized. Data from 211 individual field studies (∼21,000 data points, 2007–2017) were combined from across North America ranging in yield from 1,000– 7,500 kg ha−1. Cluster analysis was used to stratify each individual field study into similar environmental (soil × climate) clusters and into high (HYL), medium (MYL), and low (LYL) yield levels. Agronomically optimal seeding rates (AOSR) were calculated and Monte Carlo risk analysis was implemented. Within the two northern most clusters the AOSR was higher in the LYL followed by the MYL and then HYL. Within the farthest south cluster, a relatively small (±15,000 seeds ha−1) change in seeding rate from the MYL was required to reach the AOSR of the LYL and HYL, respectively. The increase in seeding rate to reach the LYL AOSR was relatively greater (5x) than the decrease to reach the HYL AOSR within the northern most cluster. Regardless, seeding rates below the AOSR presented substantial risk and potential yield loss, while seeding rates above provided slight risk reduction and yield increases. Specific to LYLs and MYLs, establishing and maintaining an adequate plant stand until harvest maximized yield regardless of the seeding rate, while maximizing seed number was important with lower seeding rates. These findings will help growers manage their soybean seed investment by adjusting seeding rates based upon the productivity of the environment.
Modularity measures: Concepts, computation, and applications to manufacturing systems
Authors: Shao Yue , Zavala Victor M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe propose a measure to quantify the modularity of industrial production (manufacturing) systems and optimization formulations to compute it. From a manufacturing perspective, we argue that a system is deemed modular if: (a) the equipment units that comprise it form clusters (modules) of dense connectivity (i.e., difficult module assembly tasks are performed off‐site), (b) connectivity between modules is sparse (i.e., easy assembly tasks are performed on‐site), (c) the number of modules is small, and (d) the module dimensions facilitate transportation. We show that the measure proposed satisfies these requirements and that it can be computed by solving a convex mixed‐integer quadratic program. We provide a discussion on advantages and disadvantages of alternative modularity measures used in different scientific and engineering communities. Our results seek to highlight conceptual and computational challenges that arise from the need to define and quantify modularity in a manufacturing context.
Paternal mosaicism for a novel PBX1 mutation associated with recurrent perinatal death: Phenotypic expansion of the PBX1‐related syndrome
Authors: Arts Peer , Garland Jessica , Byrne Alicia B. , Hardy Tristan S.E. , Babic Milena , Feng Jinghua , Wang Paul , Ha Thuong , King‐Smith Sarah L. , Schreiber Andreas W. , Crawford April , Manton Nick , Moore Lynette , Barnett Christopher P. , Scott Hamish S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAutosomal dominant (de novo) mutations in PBX1 are known to cause congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), with or without extra‐renal abnormalities. Using trio exome sequencing, we identified a PBX1 p.(Arg107Trp) mutation in a deceased one‐day‐old neonate presenting with CAKUT, asplenia, and severe bilateral diaphragmatic thinning and eventration. Further investigation by droplet digital PCR revealed that the mutation had occurred post‐zygotically in the father, with different variant allele frequencies of the mosaic PBX1 mutation in blood (10%) and sperm (20%). Interestingly, the father had subclinical hydronephrosis in childhood. With an expected recurrence risk of one in five, chorionic villus sampling and prenatal diagnosis for the PBX1 mutation identified recurrence in a subsequent pregnancy. The family opted to continue the pregnancy and the second affected sibling was stillborn at 35 weeks, presenting with similar severe bilateral diaphragmatic eventration, microsplenia, and complete sex reversal (46, XY female). This study highlights the importance of follow‐up studies for presumed de novo and low‐level mosaic variants and broadens the phenotypic spectrum of developmental abnormalities caused by PBX1 mutations.
Efficient Reduction of Oxazolyl‐Bearing Secondary Anilides to Amines by Nickel‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation
Authors: Zhou Jian , Bo Xiaofan , Wan Li , Xin Zhong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA convenient procedure for the catalytic hydrosilylation of secondary anilides bearing an oxazolyl group has been developed. In the presence of inexpensive NiBr2, the reduction of functionalized secondary amides with nontoxic and air‐stable TMDS proceeded smoothly to give the corresponding functionalized amines. The method displays a broad applicability for the reduction of many types of substrates, and shows good compatibility and excellent chemoselectivity for several sensitive functional groups such as halo, ester and nitro groups.
Application of GO/COF as a novel, efficient and recoverable catalyst in the Knoevenagel reaction
Authors: Monehzadeh Fatemeh , Rafiee Zahra 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHybrid composite based on graphene oxide (GO) and covalent organic framework (COF) [GO/COF] was developed via a simple solvothermal method, at which GO was applied as a platform to load COF based on melamine and terephthaldehyde. The synthesized hybrid nanocomposite was characterized by FT‐IR, XRD, EDX and SEM techniques. Morphological analyses carried out by SEM confirm the successful growth of COF over GO. Then, the resultant composite was employed as an amazing and cost‐effective catalyst in the condensation of several aldehydes with malononitrile and produced the corresponding coupling products in high yields (up to 84%) at room temperature under solvent‐free conditions with an amount of catalyst, 15 mg in a very short reaction time of 10 min. The catalyst could be reused without a noteworthy drop in catalytic activity at least eight times. The use of GO/COF catalyst outcomes under mild reaction conditions in very short reaction time, exceptional catalytic activity, high recyclability and an easy work‐up process for the Knoevenagel condensation.
Effectiveness of acoustic cameras as tools for assessing biogenic structures formed by Sabellaria in highly turbid environments
Authors: Griffin Ross A. , Jones Robyn E. , Lough Natasha E.L. , Lindenbaum Charles P. , Alvarez Maria C. , Clark Katie A.J. , Griffiths Jonathan D. , Clabburn Peter A.T. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Accurately mapping the extent and status of biogenic reefs formed by polychaete worms of the genus Sabellaria is of conservation importance given their protected status across Europe.
Traditionally, side‐scan sonar (SSS) combined with ground‐truthing in the form of seabed photography and videography has been widely accepted as the most suitable approach for mapping these reefs in the subtidal zone. In highly turbid environments visibility at the seabed can be near zero, however, rendering optical‐based ground‐truthing redundant. Consequently, the true distribution and status of Sabellaria reefs in some shallow subtidal areas around the UK remains unclear despite their designation as Annex‐I features of several Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) under the Habitats Directive.
Acoustic camera imagery (ACI) collected using acoustic cameras in two deployment configurations matched well with the backscatter signatures of seabed features in corresponding SSS data. The ACI was of suitable resolution for visualizing Sabellaria colony structures, allowing for their Annex‐I ‘reef’ defining attributes (extent, patchiness, and elevation) to be assessed. Colony formation ‘type’ was also distinguishable in the ACI, although confidence in differentiating between low‐lying Sabellaria formations and surrounding substrates was low, particularly when using a pole‐mounted configuration.
This study provides a proof of concept for using acoustic cameras as tools for ground‐truthing SSS interpretation and assessing the status of Sabellaria bioconstructions in low‐visibility environments. Further development of this approach and incorporating it into statutory monitoring programmes could improve the management of the reef habitats in subtidal areas of the Severn Estuary and other highly turbid environments.
Charge exchange, from the sky to the laboratory: A method to determine state‐selective cross‐sections for improved modeling
Authors: Betancourt‐Martinez Gabriele L. , Cumbee Renata S. , Leutenegger Maurice A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCharge exchange (CX) is a semi‐resonant recombination process that can lead to spectral line emission in the X‐ray band. It occurs in nearly any environment where hot plasma and cold gas interact: in the solar system, in comets and planetary atmospheres, and likely astrophysically, in, for example, supernova remnants and galaxy clusters. It also contributes to the soft X‐ray background. Accurate spectral modeling of CX is thus critical to properly interpreting our astrophysical observations, but the commonly used CX models in popular spectral fitting packages often rely on scaling equations and may not accurately describe observations or laboratory measurements. This paper introduces a method that can be applied to high‐resolution CX spectra to directly extract state‐selective CX cross‐sections for electron capture, a key parameter for properly simulating the resulting CX spectrum.
Herleitung eines Teilsicherheitsbeiwerts für hochfeste Vergussmörtel in Offshore‐Anwendungen
Authors: Werner Michael , Cotardo Dario , Lohaus Ludger 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFür die Bemessung von Grout‐Verbindungen in Offshore‐Anwendungen (Windenergieanlagen und Plattformen) werden die baustofflichen Zusammenhänge überwiegend auf Grundlage von DIN EN 1992 abgeleitet, die für die Bemessung und Konstruktion von Hoch‐ und Ingenieurbauten aus Beton, Stahlbeton und Spannbeton gilt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Anwendung des Bemessungswerts der Betondruckfestigkeit fcd für moderne, hochleistungsfähige Grouts diskutiert. Zunächst wird vorgestellt, wie sich der Bemessungswert der Betondruckfestigkeit fcd im Detail zusammensetzt und wie im normativen Sicherheitskonzept Streuungen in den Annahmen sowie Unsicherheiten bei deren Ermittlung berücksichtigt werden. Auf Grundlage von Druckfestigkeitswerten aus realitätsnahen und Offshore‐typischen Verfüllversuchen wurden Variationskoeffizienten abgeleitet, die zur Herleitung eines Teilsicherheitsbeiwerts für Grout γG verwendet wurden. Die Anwendbarkeit des Bemessungswerts der Betondruckfestigkeit fcd unter Berücksichtigung des hergeleiteten Teilsicherheitsbeiwerts für Grout γG wurde anschließend überprüft und dem Bemessungswert der DIN EN 1992 gegenübergestellt.
Black male teachers, white education spaces: Troubling school practices of othering and surveillance
Authors: Callender Christine 
Published: March 2020

The absence of male teachers in primary schools has been an ongoing concern for policymakers and schools in the UK, USA, Canada and Australia, and as schools have become more ethnically diverse so have concerns that the teacher workforce should reflect the communities it serves. Pre‐service teacher training plays a critical role in this aim, by identifying, recruiting, retaining and training those who demonstrate potential to become teachers in English primary schools. As one of a few studies to explore the racialised and gendered experiences of black male teachers in England, I adopt the use of critical race theory (CRT) to examine how black male teachers are characterised and constructed in white education spaces. Drawing on a larger study, this paper utilises counternarrative, a key precept of CRT, to draw attention to processes of exclusion, othering and surveillance through the experience of David (the main character). Interview and documentary data illuminate institutional processes of overt and covert racism, as well as racialised and gendered stereotyping. David’s story reveals how his voice is muted as it is woven into processes of othering, hyper‐surveillance and disciplinary power.
Corrected estimator of sensitive population proportion using unknown repeated trials in the unrelated question randomized response model
Authors: Grover Lovleen Kumar , Kaur Amanpreet 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we have pointed out a major mistake in the research paper of Singh and Mathur [(2004). Unknown repeated trials in the unrelated question randomized response model,Biometrical Journal, 46:375–378]. We have corrected this mistake and proposed the corresponding corrected estimator of sensitive population proportion. Furthermore, we have obtained the variance of our proposed estimator. Likewise, Singh and Mathur, we have also compared the variance of our proposed estimator with that of the Greenberg et al.’s estimator theoretically as well as numerically.
Reliable blood cancer cells' telomere length evaluation by qPCR
Authors: Ropio Joana , Chebly Alain , Ferrer Jacky , Prochazkova‐Carlotti Martina , Idrissi Yamina , Azzi‐Martin Lamia , Cappellen David , Pham‐Ledard Anne , Soares Paula , Merlio Jean‐Philippe , Chevret Edith 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundTelomere shortening is linked to a range of different human diseases, hence reliable measurement methods are needed to uncover such associations. Among the plethora of telomere length measurement methods, qPCR is reported as easy to conduct and a cost‐effective approach to study samples with low DNA amounts.MethodsCancer cells’ telomere length was evaluated by relative and absolute qPCR methods.ResultsRobust and reproducible telomere length measurements were optimized taking into account a careful reference gene selection and by knowing the cancer cells ploidy. qPCR data were compared to “gold standard” measurement from terminal restriction fragment (TRF).ConclusionsOur study provides guidance and recommendations for accurate telomere length measurement by qPCR in cancer cells, taking advantage of our expertise in telomere homeostasis investigation in primary cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas. Furthermore, our data emphasize the requirement of samples with both, high DNA quality and high tumor cells representation.
Implementation of grey wolf optimization controller for multiple humanoid navigation
Authors: Muni Manoj K. , Parhi Dayal R. , Kumar Priyadarshi Biplab 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, grey wolf optimization controller (GWOC) is considered as a multiobjective technique for multiple humanoid navigations. Upon activation of GWOC, the humanoids mimic the group hunting behavior of grey wolves and navigate toward the target in a collision‐free manner in presence of both static and dynamic hurdles. The wolves in the pack will either diverge for searching prey or converge together for attacking the prey following the best search agent (Leader Alpha). GWOC has the ability to keep the humanoid free from being trapped in local minima whereas it facilitates it to head toward global minima. GWOC provides better results as compared to other intelligent techniques because of its five characteristics that include safe boundary, protection, following, hunting, and caring. Both simulation and experimental navigation in laboratory conditions for single as well as for multiple humanoid NAOs have been carried out. From the results of simulation and experimental data, it is confirmed that GWOC provides global minima for humanoid robots in complex environments with different shaped obstacles. A Petri‐net controller is considered while navigating multiple humanoids, as during multiple humanoid navigations, one humanoid robot acts as a dynamic obstacle to other humanoids.
Serum free light chains and multiple myeloma: Is it time to extend their application?
Authors: Markovic Uros , Leotta Valerio , Tibullo Daniele , Giubbolini Rachele , Romano Alessandra , Del Fabro Vittorio , Parrinello Nunziatina Laura , Cannizzaro Maria Teresa , Di Raimondo Francesco , Conticello Concetta 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn nonsecretory, oligo‐secretory, and light chain multiple myeloma patients, serial sFLC evaluation could precede biochemical and clinical disease progression, even in extramedullary relapse, thus initiating early treatment with novel anti‐MM agents.
Nano‐structured Hollow Carbon Materials from a Non‐isothermal Chemical Vapor Deposition of Polyphenols
Authors: Li Dongdong , Cai Chao , Yang Shijia , Xu Xun , Wang Xinwei , Zhu Tang , Guo Jing , Zhang Ying , Dong Haixia , Li Xiaofeng , Zhao Ning , Xu Jian 
Published: March 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionPyrogallic acid (PG) was used as a modeling carbon source in fabricating nano‐structured hollow carbon materials (HCMs) by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. We found that non‐isothermal deposition can improve the integrity of the obtained HCMs. The different pyrolyzed species from PG under varied temperatures lead to the temperature‐dependent deposition yield, graphitization degree and morphology of the HCMs. HCMs including hollow spheres of varied sizes, cubic boxes with yolk‐shell structure, nanotubes, mesoporous particles and double‐shelled fibers, were prepared by using different templates, demonstrating the universality of this strategy. The carbon source has been extended to other plant polyphenols. The abundant and renewable solid precursors for CVD method endow this strategy excellent operation safety, improved storage and transportation convenience and low cost, and would boost the production of morphology‐ and size‐controlled HCMs and their applications in the fields such as water treatment, electrode materials, adsorbent, drug delivery, and so forth.
Helicobacter pylori– New model experiments on a “chemically gifted” bacterium
Authors: Ducci Matthias 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHelicobacter pyloriist ein weit verbreitetes Bakterium, welches den Magen infizierter Menschen besiedelt. Um im sauren Milieu überleben zu können, produziert es Urease. Dieses Enzym ist in der Lage, den mit der Nahrung aufgenommenen Harnstoff in Ammoniak und Kohlenstoffdioxid zu spalten. Das gebildete Ammoniak neutralisiert die Magensäure in der unmittelbaren Umgebung des Bakteriums. Im Beitrag werden neu entwickelte Modellexperimente präsentiert, welche die chemischen Prozesse für Schülerinnen und Schüler eindrucksvoll nachvollziehbar machen. Als Modell für das Bakterium dienen Alginatbällchen, in denen die beteiligten Substanzen eingeschleust werden. Diese werden in Lösungen eingetaucht, welche dem Magensaft nachempfunden wurden.
Green Asymmetric Organocatalysis
Authors: Krištofíková Dominika , Modrocká Viktória , Mečiarová Mária , Šebesta Radovan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAsymmetric organocatalysis is becoming one of the main tools for the synthesis of chiral compounds that are needed as medicines, crop protection agents, and other bioactive molecules. It can be effectively combined with various green chemistry methodologies. Intensification techniques, such as ball milling, flow, high pressure, or light, bring not only higher yields, faster reactions, and easier product isolation, but also new reactivities. More sustainable reaction media, such as ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, green solvent alternatives, and water, also considerably enhance the sustainability profile of many organocatalytic reactions.
Across the Board: Arjan W. Kleij on Electrosynthesis for Regioselective Carboxylation of Aromatic Alkenes
Authors: Kleij Arjan W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this series of articles, the board members of ChemSusChem discuss recent research articles that they consider of exceptional quality and importance for sustainability. This entry features Prof. A. W. Kleij, who discusses the use of electrosynthesis to advance the regioselective hydrocarboxylation of low‐value olefins to afford high‐value carboxylic acids using carbon dioxide as reagent. In particular, in a recent breakthrough contribution a general β‐carboxylation of aromatic olefins is displayed and as such significantly expands state‐of‐the‐art carboxylation chemistry.