bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Outcomes of Retinal Artery Occlusion
Authors: Schorr Emily M. , Rossi Kyle C. , Stein Laura K. , Park Brian L. , Tuhrim Stanley , Dhamoon Mandip S. 
Published: January 2020

Background and Purpose—
There are few large studies examining comorbidities, outcomes, and acute interventions for patients with retinal artery occlusion (RAO). RAO shares pathophysiology with acute ischemic stroke (AIS); direct comparison may inform emergent treatment, evaluation, and secondary prevention.

Methods—

The National Readmissions Database contains data on ≈50% of US hospitalizations from 2013 to 2015. We used
International Classification of Diseases
,
Ninth Revision
, codes to identify and compare index RAO and AIS admissions, comorbidities, and interventions and Clinical Comorbidity Software codes to identify readmissions causes, using survey-weighted methods when possible. Cumulative risk of all-cause readmission after RAO ≤1 year was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Results—

Among 4871 RAO and 1 239 963 AIS admissions, patients with RAO were less likely (
P
<0.0001) than patients with AIS to have diabetes mellitus (RAO, 24.3% versus AIS, 36.8%), congestive heart failure (9.1% versus 14.8%), atrial fibrillation (15.5% versus 25.2%), or hypertension (62.2% versus 67.6%) but more likely to have valvular disease (13.3% versus 10.5%) and tobacco usage (38.6% versus 32.9%). In RAO admissions, thrombolysis was administered in 2.9% (5.8% in central RAO subgroup, versus 8.0% of AIS), therapeutic anterior chamber paracentesis in 1.0%, thrombectomy in none; 1.4% received carotid endarterectomy during index admission, 1.6% within 30 days. Nearly 1 in 10 patients with RAO were readmitted within 30 days and were more than twice as likely as patients with AIS to be readmitted for dysrhythmia or endocarditis. Readmission for stroke after RAO was the highest within the first 150 days after index admission, and risk was higher in central RAO than in branch RAO.

Conclusions—
Patients with RAO had high prevalence of many stroke risk factors, particularly valvular disease and smoking, which can be addressed to minimize subsequent risk. Despite less baseline atrial fibrillation, RAO patients were more likely to be readmitted for atrial fibrillation/dysrhythmias. A variety of interventions was administered. AIS risk is the highest shortly after RAO, emphasizing the importance of urgent, thorough neurovascular evaluation.
The Neurocognitive Correlates of Human Reasoning: A Meta-analysis of Conditional and Syllogistic Inferences
Authors: Wertheim Julia , Ragni Marco 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Inferring knowledge is a core aspect of human cognition. We can form complex sentences connecting different pieces of information, such as in conditional statements like “if someone drinks alcohol, then they must be older than 18.” These are relevant for causal reasoning about our environment and allow us to think about hypothetical scenarios. Another central aspect to forming complex statements is to quantify about sets, such as in “some apples are green.” Reasoning in terms of the ability to form these statements is not yet fully understood, despite being an active field of interdisciplinary research. On a theoretical level, several conceptual frameworks have been proposed, predicting diverging brain activation patterns during the reasoning process. We present a meta-analysis comprising the results of 32 neuroimaging experiments about reasoning, which we subdivided by their structure, content, and requirement for world knowledge. In conditional tasks, we identified activation in the left middle and rostrolateral pFC and parietal regions, whereas syllogistic tasks elicit activation in Broca's complex, including the BG. Concerning the content differentiation, abstract tasks exhibit activation in the left inferior and rostrolateral pFC and inferior parietal regions, whereas content tasks are in the left superior pFC and parieto-occipital regions. The findings clarify the neurocognitive mechanisms of reasoning and exhibit clear distinctions between the task's type and content. Overall, we found that the activation differences clarify inconsistent results from accumulated data and serve as useful scaffolding differentiations for theory-driven interpretations of the neuroscientific correlates of human reasoning.
Impact of Model Resolution on Tropical Cyclone Simulation Using the HighResMIP–PRIMAVERA Multimodel Ensemble
Authors: Roberts Malcolm John , Camp Joanne , Seddon Jon , Vidale Pier Luigi , Hodges Kevin , Vanniere Benoit , Mecking Jenny , Haarsma Rein , Bellucci Alessio , Scoccimarro Enrico , Caron Louis-Philippe , Chauvin Fabrice , Terray Laurent , Valcke Sophie , Moine Marie-Pierre , Putrasahan Dian , Roberts Christopher , Senan Retish , Zarzycki Colin , Ullrich Paul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA multimodel, multiresolution set of simulations over the period 1950–2014 using a common forcing protocol from CMIP6 HighResMIP have been completed by six modeling groups. Analysis of tropical cyclone performance using two different tracking algorithms suggests that enhanced resolution toward 25 km typically leads to more frequent and stronger tropical cyclones, together with improvements in spatial distribution and storm structure. Both of these factors reduce typical GCM biases seen at lower resolution. Using single ensemble members of each model, there is little evidence of systematic improvement in interannual variability in either storm frequency or accumulated cyclone energy as compared with observations when resolution is increased. Changes in the relationships between large-scale drivers of climate variability and tropical cyclone variability in the Atlantic Ocean are also not robust to model resolution. However, using a larger ensemble of simulations (of up to 14 members) with one model at different resolutions does show evidence of increased skill at higher resolution. The ensemble mean correlation of Atlantic interannual tropical cyclone variability increases from ~0.5 to ~0.65 when resolution increases from 250 to 100 km. In the northwestern Pacific Ocean the skill keeps increasing with 50-km resolution to 0.7. These calculations also suggest that more than six members are required to adequately distinguish the impact of resolution within the forced signal from the weather noise.
Argovis: A Web Application for Fast Delivery, Visualization, and Analysis of Argo Data
Authors: Tucker Tyler , Giglio Donata , Scanderbeg Megan , Shen Samuel S. P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSince the mid-2000s, the Argo oceanographic observational network has provided near-real-time four-dimensional data for the global ocean for the first time in history. Internet (i.e., the “web”) applications that handle the more than two million Argo profiles of ocean temperature, salinity, and pressure are an active area of development. This paper introduces a new and efficient interactive Argo data visualization and delivery web application named Argovis that is built on a classic three-tier design consisting of a front end, back end, and database. Together these components allow users to navigate 4D data on a world map of Argo floats, with the option to select a custom region, depth range, and time period. Argovis’s back end sends data to users in a simple format, and the front end quickly renders web-quality figures. More advanced applications query Argovis from other programming environments, such as Python, R, and MATLAB. Our Argovis architecture allows expert data users to build their own functionality for specific applications, such as the creation of spatially gridded data for a given time and advanced time–frequency analysis for a space–time selection. Argovis is aimed to both scientists and the public, with tutorials and examples available on the website, describing how to use the Argovis data delivery system—for example, how to plot profiles in a region over time or to monitor profile metadata.
The short-term impact of dietary fat and sugar intake on breast milk composition: A clinical trial protocol
Authors: Leghi Gabriela E , Netting Merryn , Muhlhausler Beverly S 
Published: January 2020

Background: Breast milk is uniquely designed for the infant and contains the key nutrients and bioactive factors required to support optimal infant health and development. While previous studies have reported that maternal obesity can influence milk composition, whether this relationship is driven by maternal or dietary factors remains unclear. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the impact of test meals varying in fat and sugar content on post-prandial concentrations of macronutrients and metabolic hormones in the breast milk. Methods: This open label crossover study will include 25 lactating women. On the three days of the intervention, women will be randomized to receive a breakfast meal with a fat and sugar content consistent with the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (9 g fat, 25 g of sugar) or a breakfast meal containing higher levels of fat (28 g fat, 18 g of sugar) or sugar (5 g fat, 56 g of sugar). All breakfast meals will be similar in composition (cereal, milk, yogurt, toast and spread) and matched for total energy content. This study will measure breast milk concentrations of metabolic hormones (leptin, insulin, adiponectin, ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1) and macronutrients in the following 12 hours. Results and Conclusion: The results of this study will provide novel direct evidence of the impact of variations in dietary fat and sugar content to alter the macronutrient and/or metabolic hormone concentrations in breast milk. Data on the effect of maternal diet on milk composition is critical given the established importance of nutritional exposures in early infancy for an individual’s life-long health outcomes.
Safety of Custodiol cardioplegia: a cohort study in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with elongated aortic cross-clamp time
Authors: de Haan Maarten , van Straten Albert , Overdevest Ed , de Jong Michel , Soliman-Hamad Mohamed 
Published: January 2020

Background/Objectives: The increasing complexity of patients undergoing cardiac surgery requires extended myocardial ischaemic periods. Cardiac surgeons demand a cardioplegic solution with prolonged myocardial protection. Therefore, we introduced Custodiol in our centre in 2011. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of Custodiol compared with the standard method of cardioplegia. Methods: Between 2011 and 2016, 188 adult patients who underwent mitral valve surgery combined with coronary artery bypass grafting were included in this retrospective study. In 113 patients, Custodiol cardioplegia was used to achieve cardiac arrest, while St. Thomas Hospital solution was used in 75 patients. The primary endpoint of the study was the degree myocardial damage which was estimated by the measurement of creatine kinase-myocardial band on the first postoperative day. A linear regression analysis was performed to compare the aortic cross-clamp time with the postoperative myocardial damage in both groups. Results: The extracorporeal circulation time and aortic cross-clamp were significantly longer in the Custodiol group than in the St. Thomas group: 125.6 ± 32.5 minutes versus 93.1 ± 27.7 minutes (p < 0.001), respectively. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the postoperative levels of creatine kinase-myocardial band (96 (70-140) U/L vs. 86 (69-120) U/L, respectively; p = 0.321). There was no significant differences between the two groups regarding the 30-day mortality (6.1% vs. 5.5%, respectively; p = 1.000) or 120-day mortality (9.6% vs. 11.0%, respectively; p = 0.806). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that Custodiol is a safe method of myocardial protection for patients who underwent mitral valve surgery with coronary artery bypass grafting in our hospital. Further investigations extended to more cardiac surgery populations are needed to confirm clinical benefits of Custodiol cardioplegia.
Correlation between PAI-1 rs1799889 polymorphism and venous thromboembolism: A meta-analysis of 48 case–control studies
Authors: Geng Baoyu , Li Shenghui , Zhou Jungao , Feng Guangzhi 
Published: January 2020

Background We performed this meta-analysis to better assess the relationship between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 ( PAI-1) rs1799889 polymorphism and the risk of venous thromboembolism. Method Eligible studies were searched in PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science and CNKI. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Result A total of 48 studies with 14,806 participants were analyzed. No positive results were detected in overall analyses. Further subgroup analyses revealed that the PAI-1 rs1799889 polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of venous thromboembolism in Caucasians and East Asians. When we stratified available data according to type of disease, we found that the PAI-1 rs1799889 polymorphism was significantly correlated with the risk of DVT. No any other positive results were observed in overall and subgroup analyses. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the PAI-1 rs1799889 polymorphism may serve as a potential biological marker for venous thromboembolism in Caucasians and East Asians.
Clinical efficacy and safety of nimotuzumab plus chemotherapy in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Bai Sai-xi , Zhang Ruo-rong , Chen Wang-hua , Dong Hong-min , Wang Gang , Li Xiao-kai , Wang Wenling 
Published: January 2020

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of nimotuzumab combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone as first-line treatment for advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC). Method We retrospectively enrolled patients with ACRC treated with nimotuzumab plus chemotherapy (n = 40) or chemotherapy alone (n = 44). Responses were evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors and adverse events according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 3.0. Results The objective overall response rate and disease control rate were higher in the combined-treatment group (55.0% vs 36.4% and 85.0% vs 75.0%, respectively), but the differences were not significant. There was no significant difference in median progression-free survival or median survival time between the combined-treatment and chemotherapy-alone groups (9.89 vs 7.86 months and 22.32 vs 18.10 months, respectively). There was no significant difference in adverse events between the two groups. Conclusion Nimotuzumab combined with chemotherapy had similar efficacy and safety to chemotherapy alone in patients with ACRC. The efficacy and safety of the combined treatment should be further studied in a randomized multicenter trial with a larger number of patients with ACRC.
Nesiritide in patients with acute myocardial infarction and heart failure: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Xuecheng , Zhang Da-Qi , Song Rongjing , Zhang Guoqiang 
Published: January 2020

Objective This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of nesiritide in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart failure. Methods PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception through December 2018. Studies including patients with AMI and heart failure who received nesiritide were identified. Results Ten trials involving 870 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Nesiritide treatment significantly increased left ventricular ejection fraction, cardiac index, and 24- and 72-hour urine volumes. Additionally, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, right atrial pressure, and brain natriuretic peptide and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide levels were significantly decreased in patients treated with nesiritide compared with those treated with control drugs. However, patients treated with nesiritide did not have an increased risk of mortality compared with those treated with control drugs. There were no differences between the two groups with respect to heart rate or the risk of readmission, hypotension, or renal dysfunction. Conclusions Nesiritide appears to be safe for patients with AMI and heart failure, and it improves global cardiac and systemic function.
Effect of physical activity on depression symptoms in patients with IgA nephropathy
Authors: Zhao Yu , Chen Ya-ping , Wu Yue-qing , Bao Bei-yan , Fan Heng 
Published: January 2020

Objective We aimed to assess the effects of physical activity (PA) on depression symptoms in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Methods We developed a 6-month personalized PA training program for patients with IgAN. At the beginning and after completion of the training intervention, patients’ cardiopulmonary function was assessed via a spiroergometric study. Prior to the start of and after the intervention, we administered the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Quality of Life Index (QLI), Life Satisfaction Index, and Short Form-36 (SF-36) to all participants. Scores of the QLI were used as the dependent variable. Results A total of 216 patients were included in our analysis. After completing the PA training program, cardiopulmonary function and depressive symptoms were significantly improved in patients with IgAN, as compared with baseline values. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that regular PA; extended hemodialysis interval; decreased scores of the BDI-II, EPQ, and SF-36 Mental Component Scale; and increased SF-36 Physical Component Scale scores were independently associated with improved QLI. Conclusions Regular PA may improve cardiopulmonary function, depression symptoms, and health-related quality of life in patients with IgAN.
Costs and Outcomes of Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit With Cancer
Authors: Zheng Bo , Reardon Peter M. , Fernando Shannon M. , Webber Colleen , Thavorn Kednapa , Thompson Laura H. , Tanuseputro Peter , Munshi Laveena , Kyeremanteng Kwadwo 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Cancer is associated with significant health-care expenditure, but few studies have examined the cost of patients with cancer in the intensive care unit (ICU). We aimed to describe the costs and outcomes of patients admitted to the ICU with cancer. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted between 2011 and 2016 to 2 tertiary-care ICUs. We included patients with a cancer-related most responsible diagnosis using International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision, Canada codes. We compared costs and outcomes of patients having cancer with noncancer controls matched for age, sex, and Elixhauser comorbidity score. We used logistic regression to determine predictors of mortality among patients with cancer. Results: There were 1022 patients with cancer during the study period. Mean age was 63.2 years and 577 (56.5%) were male. Inhospital mortality for all patients with cancer was 24.0%. Total cost per patient was higher for patients with cancer compared to noncancer patients (CAD$57 084 vs CAD$40 730; P < .001) but there were no differences in the cost per day (CAD$2868 vs CAD$2887; P = .76) or ICU cost (CAD$30 495 vs CAD$29 382; P = .42). Among patients with cancer, the cost per day was higher for nonsurvivors (CAD$3477 vs CAD$2677; P < .001). Liver disease (odds ratio [OR]: 2.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-7.81), mechanical ventilation (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.25-2.39), hematologic malignancy (OR: 3.88; 95% CI: 2.31-6.54), and unknown primary site (OR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.36-3.35) were independently associated with mortality in patients with cancer. Conclusion: Patients admitted to the ICU with cancer did not differ in cost per day, ICU cost, or mortality compared to matched noncancer controls. Among patients with cancer, nonsurvivors had significantly higher cost per day compared to survivors. Hematologic and unknown primaries, liver disease, and mechanical ventilation were independently associated with mortality in patients with cancer.
New insights into antiphospholipid-related endothelial dysfunction by assessment of vascular glycocalyx layer: results from a preliminary cross-sectional study
Authors: Miranda S , Billoir P , Le Besnerais M , Joannides R , Richard V , Lévesque H , Armengol G , Bellien J , Benhamou Y 
Published: January 2020

Introduction Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is associated with greater atherothrombotic risk and endothelial dysfunction, suggesting that endothelial glycocalyx is impaired in this disease. Objectives The aim was to investigate the endothelial glycocalyx and the relationship between glycocalyx markers, endothelial dysfunction parameters and atherosclerotic markers in APS. Methods A total of 15 primary arterial APS patients and healthy controls were included in the study. Glycocalyx was assessed in both groups by sublingual sidestream dark field imaging and syndecan-1 plasma level. Endothelial function was evaluated by brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and early atherosclerosis by carotid intima media thickness (IMT). Thrombotic profile was also performed by measuring the plasma level of the tissue factor (TF). Results APS patients had significantly increased syndecan-1 plasma level 38.6 ± 5.0 pg/ml vs. 19.1 ± 3.5 pg/ml; p < 0.01 and a reduced glycocalyx thickness 0.26 ± 0.03 µm vs. 0.75 ± 0.07 µm; p < 0.01 compared with control. FMD was impaired in APS patients compared with control, 5.68% ± 0.42 vs. 8.29 ± 0.30, p < 0.01, respectively. IMT was significantly increased in APS patients compared with control, 0.52 ± 0.13 mm vs. 0.40 ± 0.06 mm, p < 0.01, respectively. Soluble TF, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels were increased in the sera from APS patients compared with control. Conclusions This preliminary study supports, for the first time, that in APS patients endothelial glycocalyx is impaired, which could lead to thrombosis, endothelial dysfunction and early atherosclerosis.
Impact of markers of endothelial injury and hypercoagulability on systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Cicarini W Batista , Duarte R C Figueiredo , Ferreira K Silvestre , Loures C de Mello Gomes , Consoli R Vargas , Neiva C Lopes Santoro , de Pádua P Madureira , Nunes F Freire Campos , Alves L C Vieira , Reis E Afonso , Moreira C Coelho , Guimarães T M Pinto Dabés , de Toledo V de Paulo Coelho Peixoto , Carvalho M das Graças 
Published: January 2020

We have explored the relationship between possible hemostatic changes and clinical manifestation of the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as a function of greater or lesser disease activity according to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index-2000 (SLEDAI-2K) criteria. Endothelial injury and hypercoagulability were investigated in patients with SLE by measuring thrombomodulin (TM), D-dimer (DDi) and thrombin generation (TG) potential. A total of 90 participants were distributed into three groups: 1) women with SLE presenting with low disease activity (laSLE) (SLEDAI-2K ≤ 4), 2) women with SLE presenting with moderate to high disease activity (mhaSLE) (SLEDAI-2K > 4), and 3) a control group comprising healthy women. Levels of TM and DDi were higher both in the laSLE and mhaSLE groups compared to controls and in mhaSLE compared to the laSLE group. With respect to TG assay, lagtime and endogen thrombin potential, low concentrations of tissue factor provided the best results for discrimination among groups. Analysis of these data allow us to conclude that TM, DDi and TG are potentially useful markers for discriminating patients with very active from those with lower active disease. Higher SLE activity may cause endothelial injury, resulting in higher TG and consequently a hypercoagulability state underlying the picture of thrombosis common in this inflammatory disease.