bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of transcriptome and fluralaner responsive genes in the common cutworm Spodoptera litura Fabricius, based on RNA-seq
Authors: Jia Zhong-Qiang , Liu Di , Peng Ying-Chuan , Han Zhao-Jun , Zhao Chun-Qing , Tang Tao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Fluralaner is a novel isoxazoline insecticide with a unique action site on the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAR), shows excellent activity on agricultural pests including the common cutworm Spodoptera litura, and significantly influences the development and fecundity of S. litura at either lethal or sublethal doses. Herein, Illumina HiSeq Xten (IHX) platform was used to explore the transcriptome of S. litura and to identify genes responding to fluralaner exposure.

Results
A total of 16,572 genes, including 451 newly identified genes, were observed in the S. litura transcriptome and annotated according to the COG, GO, KEGG and NR databases. These genes included 156 detoxification enzyme genes [107 cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s), 30 glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and 19 carboxylesterases (CarEs)] and 24 insecticide-targeted genes [5 ionotropic GABARs, 1 glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl), 2 voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs), 13 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), 2 acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) and 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR)]. There were 3275 and 2491 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in S. litura treated with LC30 or LC50 concentrations of fluralaner, respectively. Among the DEGs, 20 related to detoxification [16 P450s, 1 GST and 3 CarEs] and 5 were growth-related genes (1 chitin and 4 juvenile hormone synthesis genes). For 26 randomly selected DEGs, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) results showed that the relative expression levels of genes encoding several P450s, GSTs, heat shock protein (HSP) 68, vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 13 (VPSAP13), sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SCMT1), pupal cuticle protein (PCP), protein takeout (PT) and low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1-B (LDLRAP1-B) were significantly up-regulated. Conversely, genes encoding esterase, sulfotransferase 1C4, proton-coupled folate transporter, chitinase 10, gelsolin-related protein of 125 kDa (GRP), fibroin heavy chain (FHC), fatty acid synthase and some P450s were significantly down-regulated in response to fluralaner.

Conclusions
The transcriptome in this study provides more effective resources for the further study of S. litura whilst the DEGs identified sheds further light on the molecular response to fluralaner.
Transcriptome profiling of Fagopyrum tataricum leaves in response to lead stress
Authors: Wang Lei , Zheng Bei , Yuan Yong , Xu Quanle , Chen Peng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Lead (Pb) pollution is a widespread environmental problem that is harmful to living organisms. Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), a member of the family Polygonaceae, exhibits short growth cycles and abundant biomass production, could be an ideal plant for phytoremediation due to its high Pb tolerance. Here, we aimed to explore the molecular basis underlying the responses of this plant to Pb stress.

Results
In our study, ultrastructural localization assays revealed that Pb ions primarily accumulate in leaf vacuoles. RNA deep sequencing (RNA-Seq) of tartary buckwheat leaves was performed on two Pb-treated samples, named Pb1 (2000 mg/kg Pb (NO3)2) and Pb2 (10,000 mg/kg Pb (NO3)2), and a control (CK). A total of 88,977 assembled unigenes with 125,203,555 bases were obtained. In total, 2400 up-regulated and 3413 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between CK and Pb1, and 2948 up-regulated DEGs and 3834 down-regulated DEGs were generated between CK and Pb2, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses showed that these DEGs were primarily associated with ‘cell wall’, ‘binding’, ‘transport’, and ‘lipid and energy’ metabolism. The results of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses of 15 randomly selected candidate DEGs and 6 regulated genes were consistent with the results of the transcriptome analysis. Heterologous expression assays in the yeast strain Δycf1 indicated that overexpressing CCCH-type zinc finger protein 14 (ZFP14) enhanced sensitivity to Pb2+, while 5 other genes, namely, metal transporter protein C2 (MTPC2), phytochelatin synthetase-like family protein (PCSL), vacuolar cation/proton exchanger 1a (VCE1a), natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 3 (Nramp3), and phytochelatin synthetase (PCS), enhanced the Pb tolerance of the mutant strain.

Conclusion
Combining our findings with those of previous studies, we generated a schematic model that shows the metabolic processes of tartary buckwheat under Pb stress. This study provides important data for further genomic analyses of the biological and molecular mechanisms of Pb tolerance and accumulation in tartary buckwheat.
Effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on risk of adverse maternal outcomes: a prospective cohort study in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Muche Achenef Asmamaw , Olayemi Oladapo O. , Gete Yigzaw Kebede 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Gestational diabetes mellitus is a leading medical condition woman encounter during pregnancy with serious short- and long-term consequences for maternal morbidity. However, limited evidence was available on potential impacts of gestational diabetes mellitus using updated international diagnostic criteria on adverse maternal outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on the risk of adverse maternal outcomes in Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women followed from pregnancy to delivery. Gestational diabetes mellitus status was determined by using a two-hour 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and based on updated international diagnostic criteria. Multivariable log-binomial model was used to examine the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on the risk of adverse maternal outcomes.

Results
A total of 694 women completed the follow-up and included in the analysis. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus had a higher risk of composite adverse maternal outcome (ARR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.04), caesarean delivery (ARR=1.67; 95%: 1.15, 2.44), pregnancy induced hypertension (ARR= 3.32; 95%: 1.55, 7.11), premature rupture of membranes (ARR= 1.83; 95%: 1.02, 3.27), antepartum hemorrhage (ARR= 2.10; 95%: 1.11, 3.98) and postpartum hemorrhage (ARR= 4.85; 95%:2.28, 10.30) compared to women without gestational diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions
Gestational diabetes mellitus increased the risk of adverse maternal outcomes. This implies that maternal care and intervention strategies relating to women with gestational diabetes mellitus should be strengthened.
Review of metastatic colorectal cancer treatment pathways and early clinical experience of trifluridine/tipiracil in the UK named patient programme
Authors: Iveson Timothy , Carter Angela M. , Shiu Kai-Keen , Spooner Clare , Stevens Daniel , Mullamitha Saifee 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The standard first- and second- line chemotherapy backbone regimens for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/capecitabine-based with addition of irinotecan or oxaliplatin. Until recently, evidence for optimal sequencing post second-line was sparse. Trifluridine/tipiracil (indicated for mCRC and gastric cancer after standard chemotherapies) was made available to UK patients via a named patient programme (NPP) before receiving marketing authorisation in Europe in 2016, allowing characterisation of UK treatment pathways, and evaluation of trifluridine/tipiracil in a UK non-trial population.

Methods
Data collected routinely for the NPP were analysed to describe the patient demographics, clinical characteristics and treatment pathways. Patients eligible for the programme were adults (≥18 years) with histologically or cytologically confirmed mCRC who had previously received chemotherapy treatment(s).

Results
Of the 250 eligible patients enrolled in the NPP, 194 patients received ≥1 dose of trifluridine/tipiracil and 56 patients did not receive trifluridine/tipiracil. The following results are reported first for patients who received trifluridine/tipiracil and second for those who did not receive trifluridine/tipiracil: median (IQR) age was 63.0 (54.0–69.0) and 62.0 (54.8–69.0) years; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score was 0 for 28 and 14%, 1 for 65 and 70%, 2 for 7 and 16%. In terms of previous systemic treatments 47 and 43% had 2 prior lines of therapy. FOLFOX-, FOLFIRI- and CAPOX-based therapies were the most common first-line regimens in patients receiving trifluridine/tipiracil (37, 35 and 21%, respectively), and in patients not receiving trifluridine/tipiracil (41, 30 and 20%, respectively). Second-line treatment regimens in patients receiving and not receiving trifluridine/tipiracil were most commonly FOLFIRI-based (48 and 41%, respectively) and FOLFOX-based (19 and 21%, respectively). Patients received a median of 2 cycles of trifluridine/tipiracil with a median treatment duration of 1.8 (95% CI: 1.8–2.4) months. In patients who discontinued treatment due to disease progression, the median progression-free duration was 2.8 (95% CI: 2.4–2.9) months.

Conclusions
The results highlight the number of treatment pathways used to treat mCRC in routine UK clinical practice prior to the marketing authorisation and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence approval of trifluridine/tipiracil and highlight the lack of clinical guidelines for mCRC.
IL-36 s in the colorectal cancer: is interleukin 36 good or bad for the development of colorectal cancer?
Authors: Chen Feier , Qu Meng , Zhang Feng , Tan Zhenyu , Xia Qinghua , Hambly Brett D. , Bao Shisan , Tao Kun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background and aims
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major killer. Host immunity is important in tumorigenesis. Direct comparison among IL-36α, IL-36β and IL-36γ in the prognosis of CRC is unclear.

Methods
CRC tissue arrays were generated from colorectostomy samples with TNM stage, invasion depth and the demography of these patients (n = 185). Using immunohistochemistry/histopathology, IL-36α, IL-36β and IL-36γ were determined, in comparison to non-cancer tissues.

Results
A significant association was observed between colonic IL-36α, IL-36β or IL-36γ and the presence of cancer (with all P < 0.0001). Using ROC curve analysis, specificity and sensitivity of IL-36α, IL-36β or IL-36γ were confirmed, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.68, 0.73 and 0.65, respectively. Significant differences in survival were observed between IL-36αhigh and IL-36αlow (P = 0.003) or IL-36γhigh and IL-36γlow (P = 0.03). Survival curves varied significantly when further stratification into sub-groups, on the basis of combined levels of expression of two isotypes of IL-36 was undertaken. A significant difference was observed when levels of IL-36α and IL-36β were combined (P = 0.01), or a combination of IL-36α plus IL-36γ (P = 0.002). The sub-groups with a combination of IL-36αhigh plus IL-36βhigh, or IL-36αhigh plus IL-36γlow exhibited the longest survival time among CRC patients. In contrast, the sub-groups of IL-36αlow plus IL-36βhigh or IL-36αlow plus IL-36γhigh had the shortest overall survival. Using the log-rank test, IL-36αhigh expression significantly improved survival in patients with an invasion depth of T4 (P < 0.0001), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.04), TNM III-IV (P = 0.03) or with a right-sided colon tumour (P = 0.02). Similarly, IL-36γlow expression was significantly associated with improved survival in patients with no lymph node metastasis (P = 0.008), TNM I-II (P = 0.03) or with a left-sided colon tumour (P = 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that among IL-36α, IL-36β and IL-36γ, only IL-36α (HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.16–0.87; P = 0.02) was an independent factor in survival, using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.

Conclusion
IL-36α or IL-36γ are reliable biomarkers in predicting the prognosis of CRC during the later or early stages of the disease, respectively. Combining IL-36α plus IL-36γ appears to more accurately predict the postoperative prognosis of CRC patients. Our data may be useful in the management of CRC.
The functional outcomes and complications of different reconstruction methods for Giant cell tumor of the distal radius: comparison of Osteoarticular allograft and three-dimensional-printed prosthesis
Authors: Wang Yitian , Min Li , Lu Minxun , Zhou Yong , Wang Jie , Zhang Yuqi , Yu Xinzhu , Tang Fan , Luo Yi , Duan Hong , Tu Chongqi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundEn bloc excision has been increasingly used for the management of giant cell tumors (GCTs) in the distal radius. An osteoarticular allograft has been used extensively for decades, and custom-made prosthesis reconstruction has been more recently applied. We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of the two procedures.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 30 patients with Campanacci III or recurrent GCTs of the distal radius for follow-up at a mean of 33.2 months. In total, 15 underwent osteoarticular allograft reconstruction (allograft group) and 15 received cementless three-dimensional (3D)-printed prosthesis reconstruction (prosthesis group) between March 18, 2013, and May 20, 2018. All patients underwent by clinical and radiological examinations, including pre- and postoperative active range of motion (ROM) of the wrist, VAS score, grip strength, degenerative change of wrist, Mayo wrist score and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score. Complications were evaluated using the Henderson classification.ResultsBoth groups showed significantly increased ROM, grip strength, Mayo score and MSTS score postoperatively. Furthermore, the extension, flexion, MSTS, and Mayo score were significantly higher in the prosthesis group. There was no significant difference in grip strength and VAS between the groups. In allograft group, one patient had a late infection one had resorption of allograft without allograft bone fracture. and four had wrist subluxation. All patients had degenerative changes (mean 9 months). In the prosthesis group, three patients developed wrist subluxation, three had separation of the distal radioulnar joint, and none of the patients developed wrist degeneration.ConclusionsOur study compared the objective functional outcomes and complications of two reconstructive methods for Campanacci III or recurrent GCT in the distal radius. 3D-printed prosthesis replacement can partially preserve wrist function better than allograft reconstruction in the short-term. During the design of 3D-printed prosthesis, preoperative morphological assessment of the affected proximal row carpal is helpful to control postoperative dislocation. After allograft reconstruction, wrist degeneration, which has been demonstrated in all patients, severely influence their wrist function. Therefore, compared to allograft reconstruction, 3D-printed prosthesis reconstruction has irreplaceable advantages at early-stage application, especially in wrist function, however, further studied with a larger number of cases and longer follow-up.
Comparison of the retroperitoneal versus Transperitoneal laparoscopic Adrenalectomy perioperative outcomes and safety for Pheochromocytoma: a meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Yu-Li , Qian Lu-Jie , Li Zhen , Wang Kang-Er , Zhou Xie-Lai , Zhou Jin , Ye Chun-Hua 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
To compare the perioperative outcomes and safety of transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy with those of retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for patients with pheochromocytoma.

Methods
We searched PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register for studies from 1999 to 2019 to assess the perioperative outcomes and safety of transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy and the retroperitoneal approach for laparoscopic adrenalectomy in patients with pheochromocytoma. After data extraction and quality assessments, we used RevMan 5.2 to pool the data.

Results
Four retrospective studies were obtained in our meta-analysis. Patients who underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy were associated with shorter operative time (WMD: 34.91, 95% CI: 27.02 to 42.80, I2 = 15%; p < 0.01), less intraoperative blood loss (WMD: 139.32, 95% CI: 125.38 to 153.26, I2 = 0, p < 0.01), and a shorter hospital stay (WMD: 2, 95% CI: 1.18 to 2.82, I2 = 82%, p < 0.01) than patients who underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy. No significant differences were found in the complication rate (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 0.58 to 4.33, I2 = 0; p = 0.38) or in the incidence of hemodynamic crisis (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.19 to 2.94, p = 0.67) between the two groups.

Conclusion
Retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy could achieve better perioperative outcomes than the transperitoneal approach for patients with pheochromocytoma.
Synthesis of crocetin derivatives and their potent inhibition in multiple tumor cells proliferation and inflammatory property of macrophage
Authors: Wang Mao-Ze , Gao Jin , Chu Yang , Niu Jie , Chen Ming , Shang Qiang , Peng Li-Hua , Jiang Zhi-Hong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Crocetin is a major active component of saffron, which has a wide range of pharmacological effects. However, due to its low solubility, the pharmacological effects of crocetin cannot be better utilized.

Methods
In this study, we modified the chemical structure of crocetin by conjugating with ethylamine and 4-Fluorbenzylamine to enhance its solubility and biological activities. The solubility and the influence of synthesized derivatives on the proliferation of tumor cells and the inflammatory effect of macrophage were investigated.

Results
It was shown that, compared with the crocetin, the synthesized derivatives have much higher solubility. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of the derivatives on varieties of tumor cells, including human ovarian carcinoma cell line, human lung cancer cell line, rat melanoma cell line was enhanced after the modification. Besides that, the derivatives were improved for the anti-inflammatory efficacy with the cytotoxicity decreased.

Conclusions
The synthesized derivatives were shown for their good solubility and the great potential in tumor and inflammation treatment.
Review of tuberculosis treatment outcome reporting system in Denmark, a retrospective study cohort study from 2009 through 2014
Authors: Holden Inge K. , Andersen Peter H. , Wejse Christian , Lillebaek Troels , Johansen Isik S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn Denmark, reporting of tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcome is voluntary and data incomplete. In the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control most recent report presenting data from 2017, only 53.9% of Danish pulmonary TB cases had a reported outcome. Monitoring of TB treatment outcome is not feasible based on such limited results. In this retrospective study from 2009 to 2014, we present complete treatment outcome data and describe characteristics of cases lost to follow up.MethodsAll cases notified from 2009 through 2014 were reviewed. Hospital records were examined, and TB treatment outcome was categorized according to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) definitions.ResultsA total of 2131 TB cases were included. Treatment outcome was reported to the Surveillance Unit in 1803 (84.6%) cases, of which 468 (26.0%) were reclassified. For pulmonary TB, 339 (28.9%) cases were reclassified between cured and treatment completed.Overall, the proportion of cases who achieved successful treatment outcome increased from 1488 (70.4%) to 1748 (81.8%).ConclusionA high number of cases were reclassified during the review process. Increased focus on correct treatment outcome reporting is necessary in Denmark. A more comprehensive and exhaustive categorization of TB treatment outcome could be beneficial, especially for cases where collection of sputum or tissue towards the end of treatment is challenging.
Institutional strategies as a mechanism to rationalize the negative effects of the judicialization of access to medicine in Brazil
Authors: Chagas Virginia Oliveira , Provin Mércia Pandolfo , Mota Pedro Augusto Prado , Guimarães Rafael Alves , Amaral Rita Goreti 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Recently, the Executive Branch and Judiciary in Brazil increased spending due to larger numbers of lawsuits that forced the State to provide health goods and services. This phenomenon, known as health judicialization, has created challenges and required the Executive Branch and Judiciary to create institutional strategies such as technical chambers and departments to reduce the social, economic and political distortions caused by this phenomenon. This study aims to evaluate the effects of two institutional strategies deployed by a Brazilian municipality in order to cope with the economic, social and political distortions caused by the phenomenon of health judicialization regarding access to medicines.

Methods
A longitudinal study was carried out in a capital in the Central-West Region of Brazil. A sample of 511 lawsuits was analyzed. The variables were placed into three groups: the sociodemographic characteristics and the plaintiffs’ disease, the characteristics of the claimed medical products and the institutional strategies. To analyze the effect of the interventions on the total cost of the medicines in the lawsuits, bivariate and multivariate linear regressions with variance were performed. For the categorical outcomes, Poisson regressions were performed with robust variance, using a significance level of 5%.

Results
A reduction in the costs of medicines in the lawsuits and of the requests for medicines within the SUS formulary was verified after the deployment of the Department of Assessment of Nonstandardized Medicines (DAMNP) and the Technical Chamber of Health Assessment (CATS); an increase in processed prescriptions from the Brazilian Universal Health System was observed after the deployment of the CATS; and an increase in medicines outside the SUS formulary without a therapeutic alternative was verified after the CATS.

Conclusion
The institutional strategies deployed were important tools to reduce the high costs of the medicines in the lawsuits. In addition, they represented a step forward for the State, provided a benefit to society and indicated a potential path for the health and justice systems of other countries that also face problems caused by the judicialization of health.