bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The neurodevelopment of delay discounting for monetary rewards in pre-adolescent children
Authors: Yu Mei , Liu Tongran , Shi Jiannong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChildren are found to exhibit high degrees of delay discounting compared with adults in many delay discounting studies. However, the temporal dynamics of the differences behind the behaviors are not well known. In this study, we chose two age groups of participants and adopted event-related potential (ERP) techniques to investigate the neural dynamic differences between children and adults during delay discounting processes. Behavioral findings showed that children discounted more than adults and chose more immediate choices. Electrophysiological findings revealed that children exhibited longer neural processing (longer P2 latency) than adults during the early detection and identification phase. Children showed less cognitive control (smaller N2 amplitude) than adults over the middle frontal areas, and they devoted more neural effort (larger P3 amplitudes) to making final choices than adults. The factors of reward amount and time delay could influence the development of delay discounting in male children.
Oncologic Immunomodulatory Agents in Patients with Cancer and COVID-19
Authors: Jee Justin , Stonestrom Aaron J. , Devlin Sean , Nguyentran Teresa , Wills Beatriz , Narendra Varun , Foote Michael B. , Lumish Melissa , Vardhana Santosha , Pastores Stephen M. , Korde Neha , Patel Dhwani , Horwitz Steven , Scordo Michael , Daniyan Anthony 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCorticosteroids, anti-CD20 agents, immunotherapies, and cytotoxic chemotherapy are commonly used in the treatment of patients with cancer. How these agents impact patients with cancer who are infected with SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated associations between SARS-CoV-2-associated respiratory failure or death with receipt of the aforementioned medications and with pre-COVID-19 neutropenia. The study included all cancer patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center until June 2, 2020 (N=820). We controlled for cancer-related characteristics known to predispose to worse COVID-19. To address that more acutely ill patients receive therapeutic corticosteroids, we examined patient subsets based on different levels of respiratory support: ≤2 L/min supplemental oxygen, >2L/min supplemental oxygen, and advanced respiratory support prior to death.ResultsCorticosteroid administration was associated with worse outcomes in the pre-2L supplemental oxygen cohort; no statistically significant difference was observed in the >2L/min supplemental oxygen and post-critical cohorts. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were lower, and ferritin levels were higher, after corticosteroid administration. In patients with metastatic thoracic cancer, 9 of 25 (36%) and 10 of 31 (32%) had respiratory failure or death among those who did and did not receive immunotherapy, respectively. Seven of 23 (30%) and 52 of 187 (28%) patients with hematologic cancer had respiratory failure or death among those who did and did not receive anti-CD20 therapy, respectively. Chemotherapy itself was not associated with worse outcomes, but pre-COVID-19 neutropenia was associated with worse COVID-19 course. Relative prevalence of chemotherapy-associated neutropenia in previous studies may account for different conclusions regarding the risks of chemotherapy in patients with COVID-19. In the absence of prospective studies and evidence-based guidelines, our data may aid providers looking to assess the risks and benefits of these agents in caring for cancer patients in the COVID-19 era.
RNA binding of Hfq monomers promotes RelA-mediated hexamerization in a limiting Hfq environment
Authors: Basu Pallabi , Elgrably-Weiss Maya , Hassouna Fouad , Kumar Manoj , Wiener Reuven , Altuvia Shoshy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe RNA chaperone Hfq acting as a hexamer, is a known mediator of post-transcriptional regulation expediting basepairing between small RNAs (sRNAs) and their target mRNAs. However, the intricate details associated with Hfq-RNA biogenesis are still unclear. Previously, we reported that the stringent response regulator, RelA is a functional partner of Hfq that facilitates Hfq-mediated sRNA-mRNA regulationin vivoand induces Hfq hexamerizationin vitro. Here, for the first time we show that RelA-mediated Hfq hexamerization requires an initial binding of RNA, preferably sRNA to Hfq monomers. By interacting with a Shine-Dalgarno-like sequence (GGAG) in the sRNA, RelA stabilizes the initially unstable complex of RNA bound-Hfq monomer, enabling the attachment of more Hfq subunits to form a functional hexamer. Overall, our study showing that RNA binding to Hfq monomers is at the heart of RelA-mediated Hfq hexamerization, challenges the previous concept that only Hfq hexamers can bind RNA.
C/EBPB-dependent Adaptation to Palmitic Acid Promotes Tumor Formation in Hormone Receptor Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Liu Xiao-Zheng , Rulina Anastasiia , Choi Man Hung , Pedersen Line , Lepland Johanna , Takle Sina T , Madeleine Noelly , Peters Stacey D’mello , Wogsland Cara Ellen , Grøndal Sturla Magnus , Lorens James B , Goodarzi Hani , Lønning Per E , Knappskog Stian , Molven Anders , Halberg Nils 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEpidemiological studies have established a positive association between obesity and the incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer. Moreover, it is known that obesity promotes stem cell-like properties of breast cancer cells. However, the cancer cell-autonomous mechanisms underlying this correlation are not well defined. Here we demonstrate that obesity-associated tumor formation is driven by cellular adaptation rather than expansion of pre-existing clones within the cancer cell population. While there is no correlation with specific mutations, cellular adaptation to obesity is governed by palmitic acid (PA) and leads to enhanced tumor formation capacity of breast cancer cells. This process is governed epigenetically through increased chromatin occupancy of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPB). Obesity-induced epigenetic activation of C/EBPB regulates cancer stem-like properties by modulating the expression of key downstream regulators including CLDN1 and LCN2. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that obesity drives cellular adaptation to PA drives tumor initiation in the obese setting through activation of a C/EBPB dependent transcriptional network.SignificanceCellular adaptation to obesity-induced palmitic acid drives tumor initiation through activation of a C/EBPB-dependent transcriptional network. This highlights a cell-autonomous mechanistic connection between obesity and postmenopausal hormone receptor negative breast cancer.
Development of CpG-adjuvanted stable prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen as a subunit vaccine against COVID-19
Authors: Kuo Tsun-Yung , Lin Meei-Yun , Coffman Robert L , Campbell John D , Traquina Paula , Lin Yi-Jiun , Liu Luke Tzu-Chi , Cheng Jinyi , Wu Yu-Chi , Wu Chung-Chin , Tang Wei-Hsuan , Huang Chung-Guei , Tsao Kuo-Chien , Shih Shin-Ru , Chen Charles 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a worldwide health emergency. The immense damage done to public health and economies has prompted a global race for cures and vaccines. In developing a COVID-19 vaccine, we applied technology previously used for MERS-CoV to produce a prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by adding two proline substitutions at the top of the central helix (S-2P). To enhance immunogenicity and mitigate the potential vaccine-induced immunopathology, CpG 1018, a Th1-biasing synthetic toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist was selected as an adjuvant candidate. S-2P was combined with various adjuvants, including CpG 1018, and administered to mice to test its effectiveness in eliciting anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. S-2P in combination with CpG 1018 and aluminum hydroxide (alum) was found to be the most potent immunogen and induced high titer of spike-specific antibodies in sera of immunized mice. The neutralizing abilities in pseudotyped lentivirus reporter or live wild-type SARS-CoV-2 were measured with reciprocal inhibiting dilution (ID50) titers of 5120 and 2560, respectively. In addition, the antibodies elicited were able to cross-neutralize pseudovirus containing the spike protein of the D614G variant, indicating the potential for broad spectrum protection. A marked Th-1 dominant response was noted from cytokines secreted by splenocytes of mice immunized with CpG 1018 and alum. No vaccine-related serious adverse effects were found in the dose-ranging study in rats administered single- or two-dose regimens with up to 50 μg of S-2P combined with CpG 1018 alone or CpG 1018 with alum. These data support continued development of CHO-derived S-2P formulated with CpG 1018/alum as a candidate vaccine to prevent COVID-19 disease.
Genome-wide analyses of XRN1-sensitive targets in osteosarcoma cells identifies disease-relevant transcripts containing G-rich motifs
Authors: Pashler Amy L. , Towler Benjamin P. , Jones Christopher I. , Burgess Tom , Newbury Sarah F. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTXRN1 is a highly conserved exoribonuclease which degrades uncapped RNAs in a 5’-3’ direction. Degradation of RNAs by XRN1 is important in many cellular and developmental processes and is relevant to human disease. Studies inD. melanogasterdemonstrate that XRN1 can target specific RNAs, which have important consequences for developmental pathways. Osteosarcoma is a malignancy of the bone and accounts for 2% of all paediatric cancers worldwide. 5 year survival of patients has remained static since the 1970s and therefore furthering our molecular understanding of this disease is crucial. Previous work has shown a downregulation of XRN1 in osteosarcoma cells, however the transcripts regulated by XRN1 which might promote osteosarcoma remain elusive. Here, we confirm reduced levels of XRN1 in osteosarcoma cell lines and patient samples and identify XRN1-sensitive transcripts in human osteosarcoma cells. Using RNA-seq in XRN1-knockdown SAOS-2 cells, we show that 1178 genes are differentially regulated. Using a novel bioinformatic approach, we demonstrate that 134 transcripts show characteristics of direct post-transcriptional regulation by XRN1. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are enriched in this group suggesting that XRN1 normally plays an important role in controlling lncRNA expression in these cells. Among potential lncRNAs targeted by XRN1 isHOTAIR, which is known to be upregulated in osteosarcoma and contribute to disease progression. We have also identified G-rich and GU motifs in post-transcriptionally regulated transcripts which appear to sensitise them to XRN1 degradation. Our results therefore provide significant insights into the specificity of XRN1 in human cells which is relevant to disease.
In situ measurement of the isoplanatic patch for imaging through intact bone
Authors: Tehrani Kayvan Forouhesh , Koukourakis Nektarios , Czarske Jürgen , Mortensen Luke J 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWavefront-shaping (WS) enables imaging through scattering tissues like bone, which is important for neuroscience and bone-regeneration research. WS corrects for the optical aberrations at a given depth and field-of-view (FOV) within the sample; the extent of the validity of which is limited to a region known as the isoplanatic patch (IP). Knowing this parameter helps to estimate the number of corrections needed for WS imaging over a given FOV. In this paper, we first present direct transmissive measurement of murine skull IP using digital optical phase conjugation (DOPC) based focusing. Second, we extend our previously reported Phase Accumulation Ray Tracing (PART) method to providein-situ in-silicoestimation of IP, called correlative PART (cPART). Our results show an IP range of 1-3 μm for mice within an age range of 8-14 days old and 1.00±0.25 μm in a 12-week old adult skull. Consistency between the two measurement approaches indicates that cPART can be used to approximate the IP before a WS experiment, which can be used to calculate the number of corrections required within a given field of view.Abstract Figure
EGFR transactivates RON to drive oncogenic crosstalk
Authors: Nitta Carolina Franco , Green Ellen W. , Jhamba Elton D. , Keth Justine M. , Ortiz-Caraveo Iraís , Grattan Rachel M. , Schodt David J. , Gibson Aubrey C. , Rajput Ashwani , Lidke Keith A. , Steinkamp Mara P. , Wilson Bridget S. , Lidke Diane S. 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYCrosstalk between disparate membrane receptors is thought to drive oncogenic signaling and allow for therapeutic resistance. EGFR and RON are members of two unique receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) subfamilies that engage in crosstalk through unknown mechanisms. We combined high resolution imaging with biochemical studies and structural mutants to understand how EGFR and RON communicate. We found that EGF stimulation results in EGFR-dependent RON phosphorylation. Crosstalk is unidirectional, since MSP stimulation of RON does not trigger EGFR phosphorylation. Two-color single particle tracking captured the formation of complexes between RON and EGFR, supporting a role for direct interactions in propagating crosstalk. We further show that RON is a substrate for EGFR kinase, and transactivation of RON requires the formation of a signaling competent EGFR dimer. These results identify critical structural features of EGFR/RON crosstalk and provide new mechanistic insights into therapeutic resistance.
Beam damage of single semiconductor nanowires during X-ray nanobeam diffraction experiments
Authors: Al Hassan Ali , Lähnemann Jonas , Davtyan Arman , Al-Humaidi Mahmoud , Herranz Jesús , Bahrami Danial , Anjum Taseer , Bertram Florian , Dey Arka Bikash , Geelhaar Lutz , Pietsch Ullrich 
Published: August 2020

Nanoprobe X-ray diffraction (nXRD) using focused synchrotron radiation is a powerful technique to study the structural properties of individual semiconductor nanowires. However, when performing the experiment under ambient conditions, the required high X-ray dose and prolonged exposure times can lead to radiation damage. To unveil the origin of radiation damage, a comparison is made of nXRD experiments carried out on individual semiconductor nanowires in their as-grown geometry both under ambient conditions and under He atmosphere at the microfocus station of the P08 beamline at the third-generation source PETRA III. Using an incident X-ray beam energy of 9 keV and photon flux of 1010 s−1, the axial lattice parameter and tilt of individual GaAs/In0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs core–shell nanowires were monitored by continuously recording reciprocal-space maps of the 111 Bragg reflection at a fixed spatial position over several hours. In addition, the emission properties of the (In,Ga)As quantum well, the atomic composition of the exposed nanowires and the nanowire morphology were studied by cathodoluminescence spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively, both prior to and after nXRD exposure. Nanowires exposed under ambient conditions show severe optical and morphological damage, which was reduced for nanowires exposed under He atmosphere. The observed damage can be largely attributed to an oxidation process from X-ray-induced ozone reactions in air. Due to the lower heat-transfer coefficient compared with GaAs, this oxide shell limits the heat transfer through the nanowire side facets, which is considered as the main channel of heat dissipation for nanowires in the as-grown geometry.
Disaster governance and hybrid organizations: accounting, performance challenges and evacuee housing
Authors: Sargiacomo Massimo , Walker Stephen P. 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how public/private hybrid and ambiguous organizations played pivotal roles in a governmental programme of housing reconstruction following a major earthquake in central Italy in 2009. Venturing beyond the boundaries of institutional isomorphism and using a Foucauldian approach, the longitudinal analysis seeks to illuminate accounting and performance challenges and provide insights to the calculative techniques associated with evacuee housing.Design/methodology/approachIn “act 1” this paper investigates the role of a consortium created during the recovery stage of the disaster to construct temporary housing. In “act 2” attention shifts to consortia established for the reconstruction of buildings in devastated communities. The total observation period is 11 years. 31 semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 key-actors. A broad range of official documents was also consulted.FindingsIn the immediate aftermath of the earthquake a comprehensive reporting system was established to facilitate the construction of 19 new towns for 15,000 evacuees. The mix of accountants, engineers and architects who developed the system and a building prototype evidences the assembly of diverse calculative techniques by different experts and the de-territorialization of subject disciplines. During reconstruction technologies of government included the introduction of standardised systems and vocabularies that homogenised administrative procedures among diverse experts.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper provides academics and policymakers with insights to accounting, performance management and accountability in hybrid organizations in the largely unexplored realm of post-disaster evacuee housing. Further studies are needed to examine the politics of calculation in similar contexts.Originality/valueThis paper fills a gap in the literature by exploring the role played by individual experts working for hybrid organizations. Further, by exploring actual practices over an extended period of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, the study highlights how experts intervened to solve problems at the meso-political level and at the micro-organizational level.
Simulation of thermal distribution system of microsatellite equipped with FMC actuators
Authors: Soleymani Ahmad , Nosratollahi Mehran 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to simulate the thermal performance of fluidic momentum controller (FMC) actuators in two case, with and without thermal distribution system on a three-axis configuration of FMC actuators to an orbital period of satellite. The results show the effectiveness of using a storage with FMC actuators.

Design/methodology/approach
One of the challenges during a satellite’s orbital mission is unpredictable external temperature perturbations. This system used as a collaborative thermal subsystem for microsatellite temperature passive control. The operating principles of the system are that each fluid rings are used in a microsatellite surface with pumps to stabilize the satellite. All fluid rings are connected to the satellite thermal distribution system (storage).

Findings
Simulation results show that with using of thermal distribution system, damping of satellite different surfaces temperature is rapidly possible to the event of thermal disturbances.

Practical implications
Numerical simulation is obtained by ANSYS Fluent software and pressure-velocity coupling is SIMPLE method and spatial discretization is second order accurate and first order in time, viscous model is k-e. In this regard, a solver algorithm is also developed.

Originality/value
In space research fields about FMC application as actuators to satellite system design, main goal is to research about role of this system to attitude and determination control system (ADCS) of satellites, and no study is performed on its role to satellite temperature damping. This study is exclusively simulated thermal distribution system (includes a storage and its connections) of a microsatellite equipped with FMC actuators. The idea of using a storage for FMC actuators is the innovative step of this research.
Steklov approximations of Green’s functions for Laplace equations
Authors: Cho Manki 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to present a meshless technique to find the Green’s functions for solutions of Laplacian boundary value problems on rectangular domains. This paper also investigates a theoretical basis for the Steklov series expansion methods to reduce and estimate the error of numerical approaches for the boundary correction kernel of the Laplace operator.

Design/methodology/approach
The main interest is how the Green's functions differ from the fundamental solution of the Laplace operator. Steklov expansion methods for finding the correction term are supported by the analysis that bases of the class of all finite harmonic functions can be formed using harmonic Steklov eigenfunctions. These functions construct a basis of the space of solutions of harmonic boundary value problems and their boundary traces generate an orthogonal basis of the trace space of solutions on the boundary.

Findings
The main conclusion is that the boundary correction term for the Green's functions is well-approximated by Steklov expansions with a few Steklov eigenfunctions. The error estimates for the Steklov approximations of the boundary correction term involved in Dirichlet or Robin boundary value problems are found. They appear to provide very good approximations in the interior of the region and become quite oscillatory close to the boundary.

Originality/value
This paper concentrates to document the first attempt to find the Green's function for various harmonic boundary value problems with the explicit Steklov eigenfunctions without concerns regarding discretizations when the region is a rectangle.
Influence of cooperative period of municipal PPPs on transaction cost – a case study
Authors: Liu Fangfang , Wang Yousong , Li Hongyang , Zhou Xiaowei 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to numerically investigate the relationship between the increase in transaction cost and prolongation of cooperative period acting as a nonmonetary incentive for municipal PPP projects.Design/methodology/approachA model that combines real option theory and the concept of prospect theory is proposed in the study. Three municipal road PPP projects published by China Public Private Partnerships Center are selected as cases. The data of these cases are analyzed based on the model established.FindingsThe prolongation of the cooperative period affects the increase in transaction cost, which gradually decreases when the prolonged cooperative period increases. Furthermore, the large-investment PPP projects own more transaction cost compared with less-investment projects. The decrease in transaction cost in the former is less than that in the latter. The increase in transaction cost is evidently alleviated in a project with less investment when the cooperative period is prolonged further.Originality/valueThe study systematically analyzes the relationship among transaction cost economics, real option theory and prospect theory and proposes a theoretical flowchart of the effect of nonmonetary incentive on the transaction cost. A model to quantify the effect of nonmonetary incentive (i.e. prolongation of cooperative period) on the transaction cost is proposed for the first time. The results of the study verify that the nonmonetary incentive affects transaction cost.