bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The plasma pharmacokinetics of fosfomycin and metronidazole after intraperitoneal administration in patients undergoing appendectomy for uncomplicated appendicitis
Authors: Fonnes Siv , Weisser Johan Juhl , Holzknecht Barbara Juliane , Arpi Magnus , Rosenberg Jacob 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of fosfomycin and metronidazole after intraperitoneal administration of the combination of fosfomycin and metronidazole in patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy for uncomplicated appendicitis. We included eight otherwise healthy men undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy. The trial treatment was administered at the end of the surgical procedure and left in the abdominal cavity. Trial drugs consisted of 4 g fosfomycin and 1 g metronidazole in a total volume of 500.2 mL. Blood samples were collected prior to and ½, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after administration. High‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was used for the measurement of plasma concentrations, and pharmacokinetic calculations were undertaken. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was undertaken on isolates from intraoperatively collected specimens. The median maximal concentration for fosfomycin in plasma was 104.4 mg/L, median time point for the maximal concentration was 1.5 h, median half‐life 3.0 h, and median area under the curve 608 mg*h/L. The median maximal concentration for metronidazole in plasma was 13.6 mg/L, median time point for the maximal concentration was 2.0 h, median half‐life 7.3 h, and median area under the curve was 164 mg*h/L. All aerobic bacteria were susceptible to fosfomycin, and all anaerobes were susceptible to metronidazole. Plasma concentrations of fosfomycin and metronidazole were in line with concentrations reported from pharmacokinetic studies after intravenous administration and were within therapeutic ranges.
The experience of patients with cancer on narrative practice: A systematic review and meta‐synthesis
Authors: Yang Yan , Xu Jiehui , Hu Yihui , Hu Jiale , Jiang Anli 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, narrative practice has been applied in clinical settings to address the relational and psychological concerns that occur in tandem with physical illness. It is an emerging strategy to treat patients as individuals with their own stories, rather than purely based on symptoms.ObjectiveTo synthesize the experience of patients with cancer using narrative practice.MethodsFollowing a systematic search strategy, a literature search was conducted to identify qualitative studies on the experience of patients with cancer using narrative practice. Nine databases were searched up to April 2018, which included six English databases and three Chinese databases. A meta‐synthesis was conducted to synthesize the findings of the included studies.Main ResultsSeven studies out of 2894 studies were included in this review. Patients with cancer had different preferences on narrative practices. In terms of the impacts of narrative practice on patients with cancer, six themes were identified, which included ‘(a) reducing the gap between patients and clinicians; (b) healing effect; (c) social connection; (d) facilitating self‐reflection, self‐recognition and self‐realization; (e) risk of negative impacts; and (f) Patients' preference on different approaches of narrative practice’.ConclusionsPatients with cancer experienced positive effects regarding narrative practice. Although some patients may experience negative effects, narrative practice is a humanized way to provide care for patients with cancer in the clinical settings.
The role of relative deprivation in majority‐culture support for multiculturalism
Authors: Leviston Zoe , Dandy Justine , Jetten Jolanda , Walker Iain 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate majority‐culture attitudes to multicultural policy in Australia. Drawing on relative deprivation (RD) theory, we explore whether resistance to multicultural policies and initiatives is related to individual and/or group‐based grievance claims of discrimination. To assess RD, we asked 517 Australian‐born people who identified as White Australians to rate (a) levels of discrimination toward their own group, toward themselves personally as a consequence of their group membership, and toward immigrants to Australia, and (b) feelings of injustice and anger associated with such discrimination. Our findings show that, while perceptions of discrimination toward majority‐culture Australians are commonplace, perceptions of discrimination toward immigrants are more so. We also found that higher ratings of group‐based RD of Australians relative to immigrants, but not individual deprivation relative to immigrants, predicted opposition to multicultural policies and initiatives. Moreover, perceived group‐based RD mediated the link between national identification and opposition to multicultural policies. The findings highlight, for the first time, the importance of group‐based grievance claims by majority‐culture members in opposing or supporting multicultural policy.
Do anti‐bribery laws reduce the cost of equity? Evidence from the UK Bribery Act 2010
Authors: Kim Suhee , Rees William , Sila Vathunyoo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe examine the impact of the UK Bribery Act 2010 on the implied cost of equity. We find a significant reduction in the cost of equity amongst UK firms with high bribery exposure after the passage of the Bribery Act. We further show that the Bribery Act improves internal control systems and increases stock liquidity of firms with high bribery exposure. Our results suggest that more stringent anti‐bribery regulations are not always bad for the firm.
Neonatal Omphalitis After Lotus Birth
Authors: Steer‐Massaro Courtney 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLotus birth, or umbilical nonseverance, is the practice wherein the umbilical cord is not separated from the placenta after birth, but allowed instead to dry and fall off on its own. Lotus birth may result in neonatal omphalitis. This article describes the history and rationale for lotus birth as well as the etiology, incidence, clinical presentation, and management of neonatal omphalitis. Recommendations for educating families how to perform lotus birth safely are presented. Additionally, signs and symptoms that warrant newborn assessment and treatment are reviewed.
VGLUT‐VGAT expression delineates functionally specialised populations of vasopressin‐containing neurones including a glutamatergic perforant path‐projecting cell group to the hippocampus in rat and mouse brain
Authors: Zhang Limei , Hernández Vito S. , Zetter Mario A. , Eiden Lee E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe origin and functional significance of vasopressin (AVP)‐containing fibres in limbic regions has been an ongoing subject of investigation for several years. We have previously identified AVP‐magnocellular neurones of rat hypothalamus that provide glutamatergic projections to the hippocampus, amygdala, lateral habenula and locus coeruleus. However, we also reported AVP‐immunopositive fibres in those regions that are thin and make Gray type II synapses, which are unlikely to be of magnocellular origin. Therefore, in the present study, we characterised AVP mRNA co‐expression with expression of mRNAs marking glutamatergic (vesicular glutamate transporter [VGLUT]) and GABAergic (vesicular GABA transporter [VGAT]) neuronal traits in rat and mouse brain, using high‐resolution in situ hybridisation methods, including a radio‐ribonucleotide and RNAscope 2.5 HD duplex assay, with Slc17a7, Slc17a6, Slc32a1 and Avp probes corresponding to mRNAs of VGLUT1, VGLUT2, VGAT and AVP, respectively. We located 18 cell groups expressing Avp and identified their molecular signatures for VGLUT and VGAT mRNA expression. Avp cell groups of hypothalamus and midbrain are mainly VGLUT mRNA‐expressing, whereas those in regions derived from cerebral nuclei are mainly VGAT mRNA‐expressing, suggesting a functional segregation of glutamate/GABA co‐transmission with AVP. A newly identified Slc17a7 and Slc17a6 (but not Slc32a1) expressing vasopressinergic cell group was found in layer II‐III neurones of the central entorhinal cortex, which projects to the hippocampus. These data support the notion of a complex role for AVP with respect to modulating multiple central circuits controlling behaviour in specific ways depending on co‐transmission with glutamate or GABA, potentially giving rise to a functional classification of AVPergic neurones in the central nervous system.
Oral care practices of long‐term care home residents and caregivers: Secondary analysis of observational video recordings
Authors: Yoon Minn N. , Ickert Carla , Wilson Rozanne , Mihailidis Alex , Rochon Elizabeth 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo describe the proportion of toothbrushing task steps, long‐term care residents had an opportunity to complete; the duration and quality of toothbrushing by both residents and caregivers; and the feedback caregivers provided.BackgroundPoor oral health is widespread among older adults in long‐term care homes; however, little is known about their actual oral health practices.DesignSecondary analysis of video recordings.MethodsA total of 58 video‐recorded sessions were analysed from two long‐term care homes in Canada. Eligible residents had at least one natural tooth, required oral care assistance, had Alzheimer's disease and understood English. Eligible caregivers spoke English and had worked for at least 1 year with people with dementia. Toothbrushing success was identified by the resident's participation in, and completion of, nine toothbrushing steps. Total time spent brushing teeth was calculated by summing the duration of time spent brushing teeth. Quality was described by time spent brushing the facial versus the lingual or occlusal surfaces. Caregiver verbal feedback was pulled from transcripts and analysed using content analysis. STROBE guidelines were used in reporting this study.ResultsThe two step residents most frequently completed or attempted were brushing their teeth (77% complete, 7% attempt) and rinsing their mouth (86% complete, 2% attempt). The average time spent brushing teeth was 60.33 s (SD = 35.15). In 66% of observed videos, toothbrushing occurred only on the facial tooth surfaces, with no time spent brushing the lingual or occlusal surfaces.ConclusionCaregivers are supporting residents to independently complete toothbrushing; however, the duration and quality of toothbrushing are not sufficient to ensure optimal oral health.Relevance to Clinical PracticeClear, detailed guidelines are required to ensure adequate oral care for long‐term care residents. Staff need to be aware that all surfaces should be brushed to ensure proper oral health.
What do we learn from brain imaging?—A primer for the dentists who want to know more about the association between the brain and human stomatognathic functions
Authors: Lin Chia‐shu , Yeung Andy Wai Kan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe number of neuroimaging studies on the brain and oral sensorimotor functions has increased recently. Behind the dazzling “brain maps,” what does the neuroimaging evidence truly tell us? What can dentists learn from it to improve clinical practice? We summarise the pros and cons of applying magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based neuroimaging to study oral behaviours of the dental patients. This is a narrative review of previous neuroimaging research of oral functions, focusing on MRI‐related studies of human subjects. MRI has gained popularity in dental research due to its non‐invasive nature, its approachability and its versatility in quantifying a variety of brain signatures. We argue that MRI‐based neuroimaging is suitable for investigating the association between the between‐individual variations in brain structure (eg grey matter volume)/brain functions (eg brain activation) and oral behaviours of the patients. Two specific topics of the daily dental practice, mastication and dental fear and anxiety, are discussed to exemplify the potential of neuroimaging methods. The methodological and interpretive limitations of MRI techniques are highlighted, and most importantly, we emphasise that the neuroimaging findings should be carefully interpreted given these limitations. MRI‐based neuroimaging techniques can provide a better evaluation of the association between the brain and stomatognathic functions, which could be pivotal to the evidence‐based clinical management of dental patients.
The Roles of Working Memory and Oral Language Abilities in Elicited Imitation Performance
Authors: PARK HAE IN , SOLON MEGAN , HENDERSON CARLY , DEHGHAN–CHALESHTORI MARZIEH 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhile an elicited imitation test (EIT) has been widely used as a measure of oral proficiency in second language acquisition (SLA) research, it is still unclear the extent to which memory capacity impacts EIT performance. In light of this gap, the present study sought to clarify the nature of elicited imitation by examining the relative contributions of language ability and phonological short‐term memory (PSTM) to EIT performance. Seventy‐eight second language (L2) learners of Spanish, who were grouped into 3 Spanish experience levels, took a Spanish EIT, an L2 oral narrative task, and a nonword repetition (NWR) task in their first language. Results demonstrated that learners’ EIT performance was primarily predicted by complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) measures extracted from the oral narrative task rather than NWR scores, which served as an index for PSTM capacity. Furthermore, the present study provided suggestive evidence that PSTM capacity may differentially mediate EIT performance depending on the extent of learners’ proficiency in and experience with Spanish. While facilitative effects for PSTM capacity were observed for less experienced learners, no effects were found for more experienced learners.
Dynamic Bioreactor Culture for Infiltration of Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells within Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Annulus Fibrosus Repair
Authors: Wang Shuang , He Yun‐Fei , Ma Jun , Yu Lei , Wen Jian‐Kun , Ye Xiao‐Jian 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo compare the ability of three culture strategies of static culture, intermittent centrifugal culture and dynamic bioreactor culture in promoting the infiltration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) throughout electrospun nanoporous aligned nanoyarn scaffold (AYS).MethodsAYS was constructed by the method of conjugated electrospinning, using the blended solution of poly (L‐lactide‐co‐caprolactone) (P (LLA‐CL)) and gelatin. Then the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were transplanted on the scaffolds. Culture the scaffold‐cells using three methods of static culture, intermittent centrifugal culture and dynamic bioreactor culture. After 7 and 14 days in culture, the infiltration depth of the cells were observed and measured by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) or 4′, 6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) staining.ResultIn the current study, on the 7th day, the BMSCs in the scaffolds of static culture group, intermittent centrifugal culture group, and dynamic bioreactor culture group infiltrated to an average depth of 11.88 ± 1.82 μm, 21.17 ± 13.17 μm, and 26.27 ± 7.42 μm, respectively. There were differences between the bioreactor culture group with the static culture group and the intermittent centrifugal culture group. On the time point of 14 days, the depth of infiltration of BMSCs in dynamic bioreactor culture was the most (115.13 ± 25.44 μm, P < 0.05), and the infiltration of the cells in the intermittent centrifugal culture group was 42.53 ± 13.07 μm, deeper than that of the static culture group (24.53 ± 6.06, P < 0.05).ConclusionDynamic bioreactor culture may be a preferred method for tissue engineering approaches involving scaffolds with a low porosity, such as those needed for repair of the annulus fibrosus (AF).
Association of SNPs in GnRH gene with sperm quality traits of Chinese water buffalo
Authors: Wang Siyao , Zhang Yining , Cheng Yunyun , Lu Guanhong , Yang Rui , Geng Hongwei , Wang Chunli , Li Haoyang , Feng Tianqi , Liu Songcai , Hao Linlin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHypothalamic gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) controls the activity of hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and plays a key role in the reproductive performance of animals. In this study, five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely g.991T > C, g.1041T > C g.3424T > C, g.3462C > A and g.3463Inde A, were detected in the GnRH gene of 162 water buffaloes by Sanger sequencing. Each SNP was associated with more than two sperm quality traits of ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, post‐thaw sperm motility and sperm abnormality. g.3424T > C and g.3462C > A were related to these four traits and had a remarkable effect on ejaculate volume. The three other SNPs were related to sperm concentration, post‐thaw sperm motility and sperm abnormality. Moreover, six haplotypes (H1: TCCAI, H2: CTTC‐, H3: TCCCI, H4: CTTA‐, H5: CCTA‐ and H6: CTCC‐) composed of five SNPs comprising seven different combined genotypes were generated by linkage disequilibrium analysis. Statistics followed by one‐way ANOVA indicated that water buffaloes with the haplotype combination H1H1 had the highest genotypic frequency, and those with the H4H4 haplotype combination had the highest ejaculate volume. The sperm concentration of those with haplotype combination H1H5 was higher than that of the other genotypes. In summary, our study showed a remarkable association between the SNPs of GnRH and sperm quality traits of Chinese water buffalo.
Poverty and the shadow economy: The role of governmental institutions
Authors: Berdiev Aziz N. , Saunoris James W. , Schneider Friedrich 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of poverty on the size of the shadow economy using cross‐country panel data for over 100 countries for the period 1991–2015. The results show that poverty has a positive and significant effect on the size of the shadow economy. Furthermore, we argue that the quality and size of governmental institutions matter in moderating the impact of poverty on the shadow economy. Considering the interactions between poverty and government quality and size, we find that poverty has the largest effect on the size of the shadow economy when government quality is the lowest and the size of the government is the largest. These results withstand a battery of robustness checks.
A survey of transfusion practitioners in international society of blood transfusion member countries
Authors: Dhesi Amanpreet Singh , Moss Rachel , Deelen Rozemarijn , O’Reilly Clare , Bielby Linley 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundTransfusion Practitioner (TP) is a term that describes activities undertaken by a variety of healthcare professionals who play a key role in supporting safe and appropriate blood management/transfusion care for patients. There is significant variation in staff specialty filling the role. To understand which countries have the TP role, and the variations that exist, an international survey was undertaken in 2017.MethodsA survey was developed by the TP Forum Steering Committee (TPFSC) with input from the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) Clinical Transfusion Working Party. The survey was distributed by the ISBT Office to all ISBT members and promoted via newsletters and social media.Results/discussionFive hundred and eighty‐two responses received from 84 different countries. The TP role exists in 67 countries, 10 countries do not have the TP role, one was unaware of the role, and respondents from six other countries did not answer this question. The most prevalent TP activities reported were policy and procedure development, education, participation in Transfusion Committees and audit activities. Eighty‐eight respondents indicated they did not have a TP role, with the main barrier being financial, followed by lack of support for the role. Eight respondents indicated they previously had a TP, and this role was no longer in place due to lack of support for the role, cutbacks and other priorities.ConclusionThis survey provides insights as to where and how the TP functions and provides the TPFSC with valuable information to develop tools to support further development of the role.
Uniaxial Ratcheting Assessment of 304 Stainless Steel Samples Undergoing Step-Loading Conditions at Room and Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Karvan P. , Varvani-Farahani A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe present study evaluates ratcheting response of 304 stainless steel samples subjected to various step-loading conditions at room and elevated temperatures using the kinematic hardening rules of Ohno–Wang (O–W), AbdelKarim–Ohno (AK–O), and Ahmadzadeh–Varvani (A–V). The hardening rules were employed along with the visco-plastic flow rule to account for the time-dependent response of 304 stainless steel samples. Ratcheting over low–high–low loading sequences consistently showed a small drop in ratcheting strain over the third loading step. This is mainly due to plastic strain accumulation over the first two loading steps preventing ratcheting strain to drop significantly with a drop in the mean stress. Moreover, dynamic recovery terms in these models were further modified through the inclusion of an exponential function developed by Kang to address the dynamic strain aging phenomenon. Low ratcheting rate and shakedown shortly after a few stress cycles within loading steps as operating temperatures varied between 400 and 600 °C were attributed to dynamic strain aging phenomenon in SS304 steel alloy. Progressive ratcheting response and their stress–strain hysteresis loops were highly influenced at various operating temperatures, stress levels, and stress rates. Coefficients in the dynamic recovery term of the A–V model controlled ratcheting progress and hysteresis loops agreeable with those of experimental data over consecutive loading steps. Choices of material constants and the number of segments defined from stress–strain curve based on the O–W and AK–O models noticeably influenced the ratcheting response of steel samples. Predicted ratcheting values by means of the A–V, O–W, and AK–O models were discussed and compared with those of the experimental data.
New Supersonic Loss Model for the Preliminary Design of Transonic Turbine Blades and the Influence of Pitch
Authors: Teia Luis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In order to produce a more efficient design of a compact turbine driving a cryogenic engine turbo-pump for a satellite delivering rocket, a new supersonic loss model is proposed. The new model was constructed based on high-quality published data, composed of Schlieren photographs and experimental measurements, that combined provided a unique insight into the mechanisms driving supersonic losses. Using this as a cornerstone, model equations were formulated that predict the critical Mach number and shock loss and shock-induced mixing loss as functions of geometrical (i.e., blade outlet and uncovered turning angle and trailing edge thickness) and operational parameters (i.e., exit Mach number). A series of highly resolved CFD numerical simulations were conducted on an in-house designed state-of-the-art transonic turbine rotor row (around unity aspect ratio (AR)) to better understand changes in the shock system for varying parameters. The main outcome showed that pitch to chord ratio has a powerful impact on the shock system, and thus on the manner by which shock loss and shock-induced mixing loss is distributed to compose the overall supersonic losses. The numerical loss estimates for two pitch to chord ratios—t⁄c = 0.70 and t⁄c = 0.98—were compared with absolute loss data of a previously published similar blade with satisfactory agreement. Calibrated equations are provided to allow hands-on integration into existing overall turbine loss models, where supersonic losses play a key role, for further enhancement of preliminary turbine design.