bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary supplementation effects of Chlorella vulgaris on performances, oxidative stress status and antioxidant enzymes activities of prepubertal New Zealand White rabbits
Authors: Sikiru A. B. , Arangasamy A. , Alemede I. C. , Egena S. S. A. , Bhatta R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundChlorella vulgaris(CV) is a natural source of functional antioxidants capable of protecting against oxidative stress; its dietary supplementation in animals can serve as a way of improving animals’ performance and productive output; on this background, the microalgae was supplemented to growing New Zealand white rabbits and its effects on performances and oxidative stress status were evaluated.MethodThirty-five (35) 6-week-old New Zealand White rabbits (935.48 ± 5.92 g) were divided into five groups (n= 7 per group) in a completely randomized design experiment; rabbits in control groups were fed only commercial rabbits feed, while rabbits in treatment groups were supplemented with 200, 300, 400, and 500 mgChlorella vulgarisbiomass per kilogram of the body weight along with commercial rabbits feed daily. Feed intake and body weight changes were recorded daily and weekly; at the end of the study, blood was collected and subjected to chemical assays for evaluation of serum oxidative stress markers and antioxidant activities.ResultsDietary supplementation of the microalgae significantly increased the rabbits’ growth weights (p< 0.01) without significant increase or reduction in feed intakes (p< 0.56), but significantly enhanced feed to gain ratio. The microalgae supplementation significantly protected the rabbits against oxidative stress damages through the reduction of malondialdehyde concentrations (p< 0.001) and increased total antioxidant capacity (p< 0.003). It also led to higher superoxide dismutase activity (p< 0.001), increased catalase activity (p< 0.003), and higher concentration of reduced glutathione (p< 0.001).ConclusionIt was concluded from outcomes of both performance and biochemical analysis of the rabbits that daily supplementation ofChlorella vulgarisbetween 200 and 500 mg per kilogram of the body weight in prepubertal rabbits significantly improved performances in forms of higher weight gains and enhanced feed utilization; it also protected against oxidative stress damages hence it was recommended as dietary antioxidant supplement for growing prepubertal rabbits.
Shallow tunnel detection using SH-wave diffraction imaging
Authors: Peterie Shelby L. , Miller Richard D. , Ivanov Julian , Sloan Steven D. 
Published: November 2019

Clandestine tunnels, used for drug or human trafficking and tactical operations, pose a security threat worldwide and remain elusive targets for detection with geophysical methods. P-wave diffraction imaging is an increasingly common technique for detecting subsurface discontinuities that are smaller than the seismic wavelength (such as faults, pinch outs, and small voids) and has been successfully used to detect shallow tunnels. P-wave diffractions from tunnels typically have very low signal-to-noise ratios and are therefore challenging wavefield components for imaging. Mode-specific amplitude characteristics of theoretical diffractions from a shallow tunnel were evaluated using 9C seismic modeling. Results indicate that SH-wave diffraction has the largest amplitude and coherent phase characteristics along the traveltime hyperbola, making it ideal for diffraction imaging. In real data acquired over a 9.2 m deep tunnel, amplitudes of SH-wave diffractions are 20 dB greater than P-wave diffractions. The tunnel signature on the P-wave diffraction section is of low amplitude relative to the background. The SH-wave diffraction section has a high-amplitude signal focused at the horizontal location and a traveltime consistent with the tunnel location, indicating that the SH-wave may be optimal for diffraction imaging to detect shallow tunnels.
Diagenetic characteristics and quantitative evolution of porosity in tight gas sandstone reservoirs: A case study from the middle and lower Permian in the northwestern Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Gao Yang , Wang Zhizhang , Yi Shiwei , She Yuanqi , Lin Shiguo , Li Mingpeng , Yang Zhen , Chen Shanshan 
Published: November 2019

Tight sandstone gas is widespread in the middle and lower Permian Shan 1 and He 8 Members in the northwestern Ordos Basin. We have studied the diagenesis by means of many petrographic techniques and determined its important influence on reservoir quality. The quantitative characterization of porosity evolution is important when analyzing reservoir consolidation. We found that reservoir rock types are mainly sublitharenite, quartz arenite, and litharenite in the deltaic facies through petrological and mineralogical analyses. Metamorphic rock (quartzite), followed by volcanic rock, dominates the lithic fragment types. In the early diagenetic stage, the reservoirs mainly underwent intensive compaction, hydrolysis, and alteration of volcanic debris. Sandstones in the middle diagenesis stage were characterized by quartz overgrowth, volcanic debris dissolution, cementation, and calcite and kaolinite replacement. Based on the formula from Beard and Weyl, we calculated that the original porosity of tight gas sandstones was 38.61%. The porosity loss during compaction was 26.64%; by cementation, it was 11.46%; and carbonate, siliceous, and authigenic clay cements accounted for 1.31%, 3.61%, and 6.44% loss in porosity, respectively. Dissolution was relatively weak, with an average increase in porosity of 4.86%, whereas the present porosity is 7.47%. We observed that the pore types in the study area are composed of intragranular dissolution pores and kaolinite intercrystalline pores, followed by residual primary pores and intergranular dissolution pores. However, microcracks were not common. Based on the results of the rate-controlled mercury intrusion, the pore diameters in different samples are similar but there were clear differences in the throat diameters. Nuclear magnetic resonance results indicate that the cutoff value is 13 ms with the movable fluid mainly distributed in larger pores. As the pressure increased, fluid in the larger pores was discharged in large quantities but there was no discharge of nonmovable fluid in the small pores. We conclude that intensive diagenetic transformation was the main cause of reservoir consolidation and multistage cementation resulted in a complicated pore-throat network and reduced reservoir permeability.
Patterns of use of the Mental Health Act 1983, from 2007–2008 to 2016–2017, in two major London secondary mental healthcare providers
Authors: Oram Sian , Colling Craig , Pritchard Megan , Khondoker Mizanur , Fonseca de Freitas Daniela , Ter-Minassian Lucile , Downs Johnny , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor , Markham Sarah , Werbeloff Nomi , Chang Chin-Kuo , Johnson Sonia , Hotopf Matthew , Hayes Richard D. 
Published: November 2019

Summary
Trends in detention under the Mental Health Act 1983 in two major London secondary mental healthcare providers were explored using patient-level data in a historical cohort study between 2007–2008 and 2016–2017. An increase in the number of detention episodes initiated per fiscal year was observed at both sites. The rise was accompanied by an increase in the number of active patients; the proportion of active patients detained per year remained relatively stable. Findings suggest that the rise in the number of detentions reflects the rise of the number of people receiving secondary mental healthcare.
Phase II Study of Nonmetastatic Desmoplastic Medulloblastoma in Children Younger Than 4 Years of Age: A Report of the Children’s Oncology Group (ACNS1221)
Authors: Lafay-Cousin Lucie , Bouffet Eric , Strother Douglas , Rudneva Vasilisa , Hawkins Cynthia , Eberhart Charles , Horbinski Craig , Heier Linda , Souweidane Mark , Williams-Hughes Chris , Onar-Thomas Arzu , Billups Catherine A. , Fouladi Maryam , Northcott Paul , Robinson Giles , Gajjar Amar 
Published: November 2019

PURPOSE Nodular desmoplastic medulloblastoma (ND) and medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity (MBEN) have been associated with a more favorable outcome in younger children. However, treatment-related neurotoxicity remains a significant concern in this vulnerable group of patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS ACNS1221 was a prospective single-arm trial of conventional chemotherapy for nonmetastatic ND and MBEN based on a modified HIT SKK 2000 regimen excluding intraventricular methotrexate, aiming to achieve similar outcome (2-year progression-free survival [PFS] ≥ 90%) with reduced treatment-related neurotoxicity. Secondary objectives included feasibility of timely central pathology review and evaluation of tumor molecular profile. RESULTS Twenty-five eligible patients (15 males and 10 females; median age, 18.7 months) were enrolled. Eighteen patients had ND and 7 had MBEN histology. Three patients had residual disease at baseline. The study closed early because of a higher than expected relapse rate. Twelve patients experienced relapse—local (n= 6), distant (n = 3), and combined (n = 3)—at a median of 9.8 months from diagnosis (range, 8.9-13.7 months), and 2 patients died of disease. Two-year PFS and overall survival rates were 52% (95% CI, 32.4% to 71.6%) and 92% (95% CI, 80.8% to 100.0%) respectively. Patients older than 12 months of age ( P = .036) and ND histology ( P = .005) were associated with worse PFS. No patients with MBEN histology experienced relapse. All tumor samples clustered within the sonic hedgehog (SHH) group. Methylation analysis delineated 2 subgroups, SHH-I and SHH-II, which were associated with 2-year PFS rates of 30.0% (95% CI, 1.6% to 58.4%) and 66.7% (95% CI, 44.0% to 89.4%), respectively ( P = .099). CONCLUSION The proposed modified regimen of conventional systemic chemotherapy without serial intraventricular methotrexate injection failed to achieve the targeted 2-year PFS of 90%. With this cohort, we prospectively confirmed the existence of two SHH subgroups and observed a trend toward worse outcome for SHH-I patients.
Epidemiology of Hematologic Malignancies in Real-World Settings: Findings From the Hemato-Oncology Latin America Observational Registry Study
Authors: Tietsche de Moraes Hungria Vania , Chiattone Carlos , Pavlovsky Miguel , Abenoza Lina M. , Agreda Gladys P. , Armenta Jorge , Arrais Celso , Avendaño Flores Oscar , Barroso Fernando , Basquiera Ana L. , Cao Carmen , Cugliari Maria S. , Enrico Alicia , Foggliatto Laura M. , Galvez Kenny M. , Gomez David , Gomez Alvaro , de Iracema Daniel , Farias Danielle , Lopez Lineth , Mantilla William Armando , Martínez Deborah , Mela Maria Jose , Miguel Carlos E. , Ovilla Roberto , Palmer Luis , Pavlovsky Carolina , Ramos Christian , Remaggi Guillermina , Santucci Rodrigo , Schusterschitz Sergio , Sossa Claudia Lucia , Tuna-Aguilar Elena , Vela Jorge , Santos Telma , de la Mora Odin , Machnicki Gerardo , Fernandez Mariana , Barreyro Paula 
Published: November 2019

PURPOSE Limited information is available on multiple myeloma (MM), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) management in Latin America. The primary objective of the Hemato-Oncology Latin America (HOLA) study was to describe patient characteristics and treatment patterns of Latin American patients with MM, CLL, and NHL. METHODS This study was a multicenter, retrospective, medical chart review of patients with MM, CLL, and NHL in Latin America identified between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2015. Included were adults with at least 1 year of follow-up (except in cases of death within 1 year of diagnosis) treated at 30 oncology hospitals (Argentina, 5; Brazil, 9; Chile, 1; Colombia, 5; Mexico, 6; Panama/Guatemala, 4). RESULTS Of 5,140 patients, 2,967 (57.7%) had NHL, 1,518 (29.5%) MM, and 655 (12.7%) CLL. Median follow-up was 2.2 years for MM, 3.0 years for CLL, and 2.2 years for NHL, and approximately 26% died during the study observation period. Most patients had at least one comorbidity at diagnosis. The most frequent induction regimen was thalidomide-based chemotherapy for MM and chlorambucil with or without prednisone for CLL. Most patients with NHL had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL; 49.1%) or follicular lymphoma (FL; 19.5%). The majority of patients with DLBCL or FL received rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone. CONCLUSION The HOLA study generated an unprecedented level of high-quality, real-world evidence on characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with hematologic malignancies. Regional disparities in patient characteristics may reflect differences in ethnoracial identity and level of access to care. These data provide needed real-world evidence to understand the disease landscape in Latin America and may be used to inform clinical and health policy decision making.
Where the Blessed One Paced Mindfully
Authors: Kim Minku 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCaṅkrama is mindful locomotion, a notion and practice well developed in classical India. Within the Buddhist tradition, a series of such ambulations performed by the historical Buddha in the wake of his Enlightenment is widely recognized; in Bodhgayā itself, the monument known as Caṅkramaṇa has long commemorated the path he took. The early stupas of Bhārhut and Sāñcī also bear representations of this ambulation path and other noteworthy occurrences. In connection to caṅkrama, a fact that has been neglected until now is that the earliest and largest known freestanding statues of the Buddha made in Kuṣān Mathurā were all made to be installed at the venerated caṅkrama sites in Śrāvastī, Vārāṇasī, and Kauśāmbī. This essay groups these specimens together under the rubric of “caṅkrama type,” and suggests that this new taxonomy can be extended to other early standing statues of Mathurā with similar traits—kapardas, scalloped nimbi, akimbo arms, splayed feet, and so forth. Arguably, the very first appearances of Mathurā's “standing” Buddha-images might be closely related to the cult of caṅkrama, and thus should be factored into the historical transition from the previous aniconic period. The essay also presents a new interpretation of the term bodhisattva as it appears in the dedicatory inscriptions of the caṅkrama types and other early Mathurān statues depicting the Buddha. Here “bodhisattva” can be understood literally, and even symbolically, as equivalent to “image”; that is, the term may signify the representation itself rather than pointing to the Buddha's previous career as a bodhisattva.
Ausbildung für den Griechisch-orientalischen (orthodoxen) Religionsunterricht – neue Erfahrungen aus Österreich
Authors: Jandrokovic Marija 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Religion ist in Österreich ein Pflichtfach. Orthodoxe Religion wird an österreichischen Schulen seit 27 Jahren unterrichtet. Die Zahl der Schülerinnen und Schüler, die dieses Fach besuchen, wächst kontinuierlich, somit auch der Bedarf an qualifizierten Religionslehrkräften. Dieser Beitrag skizziert die Etablierung des orthodoxen Religionsunterrichts sowie die aktuellen Möglichkeiten der Ausbildung der orthodoxen Religionslehrkräfte in Österreich.
Consideraciones para la implementación de un modelo de educación virtual: Revisión de áreas estratégicas
Authors: Jiménez Sánchez Susana Isabel , Vargas López Carlos 
Published: November 2019

Recibido 07 febrero de 2011 • Aceptado 09 de marzo de 2011 • Corregido 23 de agosto de 2011

En este ensayo, a partir de una revisión bibliográfica con respecto a las áreas medulares de un modelo de educación virtual, se proponen algunas orientaciones dirigidas a aquellas personas interesadas en implementar una oferta académica virtual o bimodal, en la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. Se razona en función de siete áreas estratégicas sobre las cuales se debe sustentar un modelo de educación virtual: la filosófica; la académica; la profesoral; la estudiantil; la técnica; la legal/jurídica y, la financiera, geográfica y de dirección. Para cada área se presenta: a) un resumen de las tendencias de las mejores prácticas de educación virtual, b) recomendaciones de los expertos para realizar una gestión efectiva de carreras universitarias virtuales o bimodales, c) una breve reseña de las experiencias de la UNA en ese campo. Finalmente, se brindan, para cada área estratégica, algunas sugerencias que la UNA debiera considerar para continuar la ruta que asegure el éxito y la continuidad de sus carreras en modalidades virtuales y bimodales.
Aportes del Proyecto de Educación Rural (PER)
Authors: Cubillo Jiménez Kenneth Alfredo , Chaves Murillo Urania María 
Published: November 2019

Recibido 05 de mayo de 2010 • Aceptado 31 de agosto de 2010 • Corregido 27 de julio de 2011

El presente artículo se deriva de la investigación “El proceso de formación inicial del Proyecto de Educación Rural (PER)”, desarrollada entre 1984 y 1987 en las Direcciones Regionales de Educación de San Carlos, Coto y Limón, y sus aportes para los procesos formativos en la actualidad. El PER fue implementado por el Centro de Investigación en Docencia y Educación (CIDE), de la Universidad Nacional (UNA) y estaba orientado a la formación de educadores para escuelas unidocentes ubicadas en el contexto rural. El objetivo de la investigación se abocó a rescatar los aportes del PER a la luz de los procesos formativos que se requieren en la actualidad, dado que el éxito del PER tuvo como eje fundamental el liderazgo de los docentes para potenciar el desarrollo comunitario del contexto rural desde el aula, insumo por considerar en los nuevos procesos formativos en la educación rural.
Estrategias para promover la indagación y el razonamiento lógico en la educación primaria desde la didáctica de la Matemática
Authors: Camacho Oviedo Maureen 
Published: November 2019

Recibido 25 de julio de 2011 • Corregido 09 de enero de 2012 • Aceptado 03 de junio de 2012 El artículo pretende generar una reflexión sobre la imperante necesidad de que el personal docente suscite situaciones innovadoras en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en el área de la Matemática, de manera que logre promover la habilidad de indagación en el estudiantado y el desarrollo del razonamiento lógico aplicable a situaciones cotidianas. Presenta algunos datos estadísticos y posibles razones del porqué del bajo rendimiento y poco agrado hacia la asignatura de Matemática. Dado que los docentes tienen el desafío de proponer experiencias de aprendizaje significativas y funcionales para el estudiante y de generar placer por aprender, la formación docente debe incluir experiencias de este tipo para ser practicadas luego en los centros educativos de primaria. Por ello, se plantea una propuesta de trabajo desde el área de formación en la Didáctica de la Matemática que permite generar la criticidad, la curiosidad y el razonamiento lógico en el estudiantado, así como también se complementa con la temática de resolución de problemas que se debe promover y profundizar en el estudio de la asignatura de Matemática.
THE EXPANSION OF CENTER-PIVOT IRRIGATION IN THE CERRADO BIOME
Authors: Althoff Daniel , Rodrigues Lineu Neiva 
Published: November 2019

THE EXPANSION OF CENTER-PIVOT IRRIGATION IN THE CERRADO BIOME

DANIEL ALTHOFF1 AND LINEU NEIVA RODRIGUES2

1 Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Avenue Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n – University Campus, 36570-900, MG, Brazil. daniel.althoff@ufv.br.
2 Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA)- Cerrados, BR-020, Km-18, 73310-970, Planaltina, DF, Brazil. lineu.rodrigues@embrapa.br.

1 ABSTRACT

In the Cerrado biome, irrigation plays a key role in food production and local socio-economic development. In this region, with general gentle topography and large areas planted with annual crops, center pivot, for its automation and uniformity in water application, is the preferred irrigation system, In the last two decades, the Cerrado region has concentrated roughly 80% of all center pivots installed in the Brazilian territory. The region alone has a potential irrigation area of 26.5 Mha and as so it is expected that center pivot irrigation continues increasing. By considering the average trend from recent years until 2050, irrigated area in the Cerrado will still be short from the potential area classified as high priority for irrigation expansion (6.3 Mha). However, as many of these areas are considered of maximum interest for public intervention, the increase trends could be higher than expected.

Keywords: agricultural water use, irrigation demand, water balance.

ALTHOFF, D.; RODRIGUES, L. N.
A EXPANSÃO DA IRRIGAÇÃO POR PIVÔS CENTRAIS NO CERRADO

2 RESUMO

A irrigação desempenha um papel fundamental na produção de alimento e desenvolvimento socioeconômico local no Cerrado. Nessa região, com topografia geralmente plana e grandes áreas plantadas com culturas anuais, o pivô central, por sua automação e uniformidade de aplicação, é o sistema de irrigação mais utilizado. Nas as últimas duas décadas a região do Cerrado tem concentrado aproximadamente 80% de todos pivôs centrais do Brasil. Somente nessa região potencial de área irrigada chega aos 26.5 Mha e, dessa forma, é esperado que áreas irrigadas por pivôs centrais continuem a crescer. Mesmo considerando a projeção de crescimento médio de áreas irrigadas dos últimos anos até o ano de 2050, a área total irrigada ficará distante do número classificado como alta prioridade em expansão da irrigação (6.3 Mha). Contudo, como muitas dessas áreas são consideradas de máximo interesse para intervenção pública, as tendências podem ser maiores que as esperadas.

Palavras-chave: uso da água na agricultura, demanda de irrigação, balanço hídrico.