bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical coherence tomographic features of macular telangiectasia type 2: Korean Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 Study—Report No. 1
Authors: Kim Young Ho , Chung Yoo-Ri , Oh Jaeryung , Kim Seong-Woo , Lee Christopher Seungkyu , Yun Cheolmin , Lee Boram , Ahn So Min , Choi Eun Young , Jang Sungmin , Lee Kihwang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe analysed the imaging findings of macular telangiectasia (MacTel) type 2 in Korea using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and investigated their relationship with visual acuity and clinical stages. A retrospective multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted in six tertiary hospitals in Korea and included 129 patients. We analysed all the SD-OCT images encompassing the macular area. Hyporeflective cavities (77.7%) were the most frequently detected abnormalities in SD-OCT. Disruption of the external limiting membrane, ellipsoid zone, and interdigitation zone were found in 67 (40.4%), 87 (52.4%), and 94 eyes (56.6%), respectively. Four eyes (2.4%) had lamellar macular hole, and five eyes (3.0%) full-thickness macular hole. Neovascularisation, either subretinal or intraretinal, was found in 14 eyes (8.4%). Eyes with outer retinal hyperreflective band disruption had lower visual acuity than those without them. The presented characteristic clinical features of OCT in MacTel type 2 can not only aid in differentiating this disease from others but are also helpful for better judgement of the disease stage in daily clinical practice. Inner retinal hyporeflective cavities without outer retinal abnormalities on SD-OCT, although classified as severity scale 3, could be considered a relatively early stage in the disease process in terms of vision.
Memory of chirality in a room temperature flow electrochemical reactor
Authors: Hardwick Tomas , Cicala Rossana , Wirth Thomas , Ahmed Nisar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChiral compounds have become of great interest to the pharmaceutical industry as they possess various biological activities. Concurrently, the concept of “memory of chirality” has been proven as a powerful tool in asymmetric synthesis, while flow chemistry has begun its rise as a new enabling technology to add to the ever increasing arsenal of techniques available to the modern day chemist. Here, we have employed a new simple electrochemical microreactor design to oxidise anl-proline derivative at room temperature in continuous flow. Compared to batch, organic electrosynthesis via microflow reactors are advantageous because they allow shorter reaction times, optimization and scale up, safer working environments, and high selectivities (e.g. reduce overoxidation). Flow electrochemical reactors also provide high surface-to-volume ratios and impart the possibility of excluding the supporting electrolyte due to a very short interelectrode distance. By the comparison of Hofer Moest type electrochemical oxidations at room temperature in batch and flow, we conclude that continuous flow electrolysis is superior to batch, producing a good yield (71%) and a higher enantiomeric excess (64%). These results show that continuous flow has the potential to act as a new enabling technology for asymmetric synthesis to replace some aspects of conventional batch electrochemical processes.
Young Adults With Developmental Language Disorder: A Systematic Review of Education, Employment, and Independent Living Outcomes
Authors: Dubois Pascale , St-Pierre Marie-Catherine , Desmarais Chantal , Guay Frédéric 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
Research on developmental language disorder (DLD) in adulthood has increased rapidly in recent years. However, to date, there has been no systematic literature review on this topic, thereby limiting the possibility to have a comprehensive overview of publications in this field.

Method
Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a systematic literature review. A literature search was undertaken in four databases, from 2005 to 2018. We selected articles with original data related to life outcomes of young adults with and without DLD, all aged between 18 and 34 years, in three life areas: education, employment, and independent living. Methodological characteristics of the studies were analyzed.

Results
Fifteen articles were selected with longitudinal designs. In every life area, young adults with DLD were compared to their typically developing peers to identify their strengths and weaknesses. The predictive role of language abilities was also examined.

Conclusions
Outcomes within each life area are heterogeneous. Nevertheless, similarly to young children and adolescents, young adults with DLD face numerous challenges. Although language abilities partly predict some of these outcomes, much of the variance remains unaccounted for and some outcomes are unrelated to this predictor. This systematic literature review has implications for researchers and practitioners to identify promising avenues for research, interventions, and policy development.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13022552
Intelligibility Enhancement via Telepractice During COVID-19 Restrictions
Authors: Blake Helen L. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) may be approached by multilingual speakers seeking to improve their intelligibility in English. Intelligibility is an essential element of spoken language proficiency and is especially important for multilingual university students given their need to express complex ideas in an additional language. Intelligibility Enhancement is an assessment and intervention approach that aims to improve the intelligibility of consonants, vowels, and prosody with multilingual speakers who are learning to speak English. This article describes the student-led delivery of Intelligibility Enhancement with multilingual clients in a university clinic using a telepractice model after restrictions were imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions
Telepractice offered an appropriate mode of service delivery that facilitated a high-quality, best practice, and continuous service to Intelligibility Enhancement clients while also permitting student SLPs' ongoing clinical education employing an increasingly utilized technology. Previous research demonstrated the effectiveness of the Intelligibility Enhancement Assessment and Intervention Protocols in increasing English intelligibility in multilingual university students. The modifications necessary to provide this intervention via telepractice in a student-led clinic not only offer a possible solution to supporting multilingual university students' English intelligibility during the COVID-19 pandemic but also will inform the understanding of SLPs providing similar interventions in the future.
Dust and gas in the central region of NGC 1316 (Fornax A)
Authors: Richtler T. , Hilker M. , Iodice E. 
Published: October 2020

Context. The early-type galaxy NGC 1316, associated with the radio source Fornax A, hosts about 107 M⊙ of dust within a central radius of 5 kpc. These prominent dust structures are believed to have an external origin, which is also a popular interpretation for other dusty early-type galaxies. Moreover, it has been long known that ionised gas is present in NGC 1316, but to date there has been a lack of detailed investigation.
Aims. Our aim is to understand the nature of ionised gas and dust in NGC 1316 and to offer an interpretation for the origin of the dust.
Methods. We use archival Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys data to construct colour maps that delineate the dust pattern in detail, and we compare these data with maps constructed with data from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) instrument of the Very Large Telescope at the European Southern Observatory. Twelve MUSE pointings in wide field mode form a mosaic of the central 3.3 × 2.4 arcmin2. We use the tool PyParadise to fit the stellar population. We use the residual emission lines and the residual interstellar absorption NaI D-lines, and we measure line strengths, the velocity field, and the velocity dispersion field.
Results. The emission lines resemble low-ionisation nuclear emission-line region lines, with [NII] being the strongest line everywhere. Ionising sources are plausibly the post-asymptotic giant branch stars of the old or intermediate-age stellar population. There is a striking match between the dust structures, ionised gas, and atomic gas distributions, the last of which is manifested by interstellar absorption residuals of the stellar NaI D-lines. In the dust-free regions, the interstellar NaI D-lines appear in emission, which is indicative of a galactic wind. The velocity field of the ionised gas (and thus of the dust) is characterised by small-scale turbulent movements that indicate short lifetimes. At the very centre, a bipolar velocity field of the ionised gas is observed, which we interpret as an outflow. The low-velocity part is associated with dust. We identify a strongly inclined gaseous dusty disc along the major axis of NGC 1316. A straight beam of ionised gas with a length of about 4 kpc emanates from the centre.
Conclusions. The dust in NGC 1316 has different origins. Our findings are strongly suggestive of a dusty outflow that is curved along the line-of-sight. Nuclear outflows may be important dust-producing machines in galaxies. Another dusty gaseous component forms a disc that we identify as the predecessor of a central dust lane.
Diffusion of CH4in amorphous solid water
Authors: Maté Belén , Cazaux Stéphanie , Satorre Miguel Ángel , Molpeceres Germán , Ortigoso Juan , Millán Carlos , Santonja Carmina 
Published: October 2020

Context.The diffusion of volatile species on amorphous solid water ice affects the chemistry on dust grains in the interstellar medium as well as the trapping of gases enriching planetary atmospheres or present in cometary material.Aims.The aim of the work is to provide diffusion coefficients of CH4on amorphous solid water (ASW) and to understand how they are affected by the ASW structure.Methods.Ice mixtures of H2O and CH4were grown in different conditions and the sublimation of CH4was monitored via infrared spectroscopy or via the mass loss of a cryogenic quartz crystal microbalance. Diffusion coefficients were obtained from the experimental data assuming the systems obey Fick’s law of diffusion. Monte Carlo simulations were used to model the different amorphous solid water ice structures investigated and were used to reproduce and interpret the experimental results.Results.Diffusion coefficients of methane on amorphous solid water have been measured to be between 10−12and 10−13cm2s−1for temperatures ranging between 42 K and 60 K. We show that diffusion can differ by one order of magnitude depending on the morphology of amorphous solid water. The porosity within water ice and the network created by pore coalescence enhance the diffusion of species within the pores. The diffusion rates derived experimentally cannot be used in our Monte Carlo simulations to reproduce the measurements.Conclusions.We conclude that Fick’s laws can be used to describe diffusion at the macroscopic scale, while Monte Carlo simulations describe the microscopic scale where trapping of species in the ices (and their movement) is considered.
Update membranöse Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Hoxha Elion , Huber Tobias B. 
Published: October 2020

Was ist neu?
Diagnose von PLA2R1- und THSD7A-Antikörper-positiver membranöser Glomerulonephritis Der Nachweis von PLA2R1- und THSD7A-Antikörpern im Blut sowie die immunhistologische Analyse von Nierenbiopsien für die entsprechenden Antigene ermöglichen in praktisch 100 % der Fälle die korrekte Diagnose einer PLA2R1- oder THSD7A-assoziierten membranösen Glomerulonephritis (MGN) 1
2
3. Die Entscheidung für oder gegen eine Nierenbiopsie kann individualisiert getroffen werden, unter Berücksichtigung der Vorerkrankungen, Prozedurrisiken, klinischen und laborchemischen Befunden usw. 3. Die pathogenetische oder diagnostische Rolle weiterer Antigene wird weiterhin erforscht. Hierbei konnte kürzlich auch erstmals ein PLA2R1-Mausmodell etabliert werden, welches nun die experimentellen Möglichkeiten erweitert 4
5
6
7.
Klinische Rolle der PLA2R1-Antikörper PLA2R1-Antikörperspiegel sind Prädiktoren für eine Remission der Proteinurie sowie die Entwicklung einer Niereninsuffizienz, Dialysepflichtigkeit und eines Relapses der Erkrankung 8. Die Behandlungsstrategie der MGN basiert zunehmend auf der Höhe der PLA2R1-Antikörperspiegel 9.
Therapie der membranösen Glomerulonephritis Rituximab ist nicht unterlegen für die Induktion einer Proteinurieremission nach 12 Monaten und überlegen für den Erhalt der Proteinurieremission nach 24 Monaten verglichen mit Ciclosporin A 10. Die Entwicklung neuer Therapiestrategien, die auf die Krankheitspathogenese und -aktivität des einzelnen Patienten gerichtet sind, bleibt bei der MGN hoch relevant.
Durchblutungsstörungen der oberen Extremitäten
Authors: Tatò Federico 
Published: October 2020

Was ist neu?
Allgemeine Prinzipien Arterielle Durchblutungsstörungen der oberen Extremitäten wurden lange vernachlässigt. Die 2017 erschienene ESC-Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Therapie der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK) widmet als erste Leitlinie einen eigenen Abschnitt den oberen Extremitäten 1
2. Damit rücken die vergleichsweise seltenen arteriellen Durchblutungsstörungen von Armen und Händen stärker in das medizinische Bewusstsein. Die Diagnostik und Therapie der zugrunde liegenden, ätiologisch sehr heterogenen Krankheitsbilder erfordern ein breites gefäßmedizinisches Wissen und einen differenzierten Einsatz des gesamten Spektrums vaskulärer Untersuchungstechniken und Behandlungsmethoden.
Die wichtigsten Krankheitsbilder Die häufigste Manifestation der Arteriosklerose der oberen Extremität ist die Subklaviastenose. Die Behandlung ist meist konservativ. Bei klinischer Indikation stehen endovaskuläre Therapieoptionen zur Verfügung. Eine häufige Manifestation der Großgefäßvaskulitis sind Stenosen der A. subclavia und A. axillaris. Durch die Einführung der TNTα-Blocker und des IL-6-Antagonisten Tocilizumab hat die Behandlung der Großgefäßvaskulitis große Fortschritte erlebt. Das Thoracic-outlet-Syndrom ist diagnostisch eine Herausforderung. Da es zu schweren Durchblutungsstörungen des Arms führen kann, ist die gezielte Diagnostik (klinische Untersuchung und Bildgebung) zum Ausschluss von Differenzialdiagnosen wichtig. Das primäre Raynaud-Phänomen ist Ausdruck einer gutartigen, reversiblen, vasospastischen Hyperreagibilität der Fingerarterien im Gegensatz zum sekundären Raynaud-Phänomen mit meist schwerem Verlauf. Ziel der Diagnostik ist das frühzeitige Erkennen sekundärer Formen des Raynaud-Phänomens.
Darmmotilitätsstörungen bei Multimorbidität: zwischen Obstipation und Diarrhö
Authors: Becher Klaus Friedrich , Rupp Saskia 
Published: October 2020

Was ist Neu?Diagnostische Strategie Die Rom-IV-Kriterien für die primäre chronische Obstipation helfen, zwischen kurzfristigen Beschwerden und einem chronischen Beschwerdebild zu unterscheiden 1. Im Allgemeinen finden sich in der Altersgruppe der Hochbetagten mehrere Ursachen für eine Störung der Defäkation. Anamnese und Beachtung von Red Flags neben einem geriatrischen Basisassessment ermöglichen es, die Ursachen einzugrenzen. Die Unterscheidung zwischen einer Low-Transit-Obstipation und normaler Darmfunktion kann die therapeutische Konsequenz entscheidend beeinflussen.Therapeutische Möglichkeiten Bei der medikamentösen Intervention werden osmotische Abführmittel, stimulierende Abführmittel, Zäpfchen und Einläufe mit unterschiedlichen Zusätzen in erster Linie weiterhin sehr häufig verwendet. In zweiter Linie können das Prokinetikum Prucaloprid und seit einigen Jahren Methylnaltrexoniumbromid als ein Vertreter der peripher wirkenden µ-Opioid-Rezeptor-Antagonisten Anwendung finden 2 3. Faserreiche Ernährung vermehrt die Stuhlmasse und präbiotische Zusatzkost kann das Mikrobiom günstig beeinflussen. Zusätzliche Ballaststoffe haben wahrscheinlich keinen Nutzen bei schwerer Verstopfung, insbesondere bei Patienten mit Low-Transit-Obstipation oder Defäkationsstörungen. Bei Vorbereitungen auf Koloskopien scheint eine zusätzliche Bewegungsaktivierung positive Effekte auf die Qualität der Darmreinigung zu haben 4.
Wie vollständig ist der Bundeseinheitliche Medikationsplan? Eine Analyse bei Krankenhausaufnahme
Authors: Amelung Stefanie , Bender Bianca , Meid Andreas , Walk-Fritz Stefanie , Hoppe-Tichy Torsten , Haefeli Walter E. , Seidling Hanna M. 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Bei stationärer Aufnahme scheint die Aktualität und Vollständigkeit des Bundeseinheitlichen Medikationsplans häufig nicht gegeben. Ebenso ist unklar, welche Charakteristiken der Pläne die Wahrscheinlichkeit für Diskrepanzen erhöhen.
Methoden Retrospektiv wurden deshalb 100 Pläne, die zur Arzneimittelanamnese elektiver Patienten einer chirurgischen Klinik mitgebracht wurden, geprüft, ob und welche Abweichungen bestanden. Die Abweichungen wurden 7 Kategorien zugeordnet: Arzneimittel, das in der Anamnese erfasst wurde, fehlt auf dem Plan, Arzneimittel auf dem Plan wird nicht mehr eingenommen, Stärke oder Dosierung fehlt auf dem Plan bzw. ist falsch oder die Darreichungsform ist falsch dokumentiert. Hinweise zur Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit, involvierte Arzneimittel und -formen wurden ebenfalls erfasst. Mithilfe multivariater Analysen wurde der Einfluss der Aktualität, der Anzahl der Arzneimittel und der ausstellenden Facharztdisziplin der Pläne auf die Art und Anzahl an Diskrepanzen untersucht.
Ergebnisse Zur Arzneimittelanamnese wiesen 78 % (78/100) der Pläne Abweichungen auf. Insgesamt wurden 226 Abweichungen (2,3 ± 0,6 Abweichungen/Anamnese) dokumentiert. Am häufigsten fehlte ein Arzneimittel auf dem Plan (n = 103). Von allen Hinweisen und Empfehlungen betrafen 64 % (83/177) das perioperative Management von Antithrombotika (n = 55) und Antidiabetika (n = 28). In der multivariaten Analyse stieg nur das Risiko für fehlerhafte Angaben bei Stärke und Dosierung mit dem Alter der Pläne signifikant (p = 0,047) und war um mehr als das 2-fache erhöht, wenn der Plan älter als einen Monat war.
Diskussion Die Aktualität, Vollständigkeit und Aspekte der Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit des Bundeseinheitlichen Medikationsplans sollten umfassend und gezielt im Anamnesegespräch validiert werden. In der Praxis sollten Pläne, die älter als 1 Monat sind, besonders kritisch hinsichtlich Angaben zu Stärke und Dosierung geprüft und der Plan entsprechend regelmäßig aktualisiert werden.
Entwicklung von Empfehlungen zum Management von Arzneimitteltherapie bei Multimorbidität
Authors: Grandt Daniel , Gamstätter Thomas , Fölsch Ulrich R. 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Anwendung aller Leitlinien für jede Erkrankung eines Patienten mit Multimorbidität kann zu ungeeigneten Arzneimittelkombinationen und vermeidbaren Risiken führen. In einer Fachgesellschaften-übergreifenden, repräsentativen Arbeitsgruppe werden derartige therapeutische Konflikte identifiziert und Empfehlungen zum Management entwickelt, konsentiert und als S2k-Leitlinie formal Konsensus-basiert publiziert. Die Rationale für die Entwicklung der Empfehlungen, ihre Zielsetzung und die angewandte Methodik werden nachfolgend dargestellt. Die Struktur der Empfehlungen sowie ihre Erprobung, Fortschreibung und Aktualisierung werden erläutert.
Assessment of Factors Affecting Breastfeeding Performance and Latch Score: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Fadiloglu Erdem , Karatas Esra , Tez Ruya , Cagan Murat , Unal Canan , Nar Makbule , Tanacan Atakan , Beksac Mehmet Sinan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective To determine the risk factors that may affect LATCH scores.
Materials and Methods We prospectively evaluated the LATCH scores and any relevant risk factors of patients who delivered at our institution during April and May 2020. All examinations were performed by the same physicians during the study period. LATCH scores were determined at initial breastfeeding session, and postnatal days 1 and 2.
Results We analyzed 338 patients in this prospective study. Patients with high-risk pregnancies were found to have lower LATCH scores at each measurement (p: 0.002, 0.001, and 0.09, respectively). Skin-to-skin contact immediately after delivery and breastfeeding longer than 20 min in the first session did not improve LATCH scores (p>0.05). Breastfeeding within 30 min after delivery significantly improved LATCH scores at each session (p<0.01 for all). Odds ratios of having a LATCH score lower than 8 was 10.9 (95% CI: 4.22−28.37) for the patients breastfed after more than 30 min, while this ratio was 2.17 (95% CI: 1.34−3.50) and 6.5 (95% CI: 3.46−12.58) for the patients having a high-risk pregnancy and cesarean section, respectively. Furthermore, we also determined a positive statistically significant association between parity and all LATCH scores according to regression analyses (p: 0.005, 0.028, and 0.035 for LATCH scores at initial breastfeeding, postnatal day 1 and 2, respectively)
Conclusion High-risk pregnancies, patients who delivered by cesarean section, and patients not attempting to breastfeed within 30 min tend to have lower LATCH scores.
Clinical features and time trends associated with an endoscopically normal esophagus in active eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Eluri Swathi , Corder S. Ryanne , Kim Erin , Tappata Manaswita , Reed Craig C. , Shaheen Nicholas J. , Dellon Evan S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background A proportion of patients with active eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) have a normal-appearing esophagus on esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). We aimed to determine the associations between the baseline clinical features and the endoscopically normal esophagus in EoE, as well as time trends in reporting.
Methods In this retrospective study of active EoE cases from 2002 – 2018, patients with and without esophageal endoscopic abnormalities were compared. Multivariable logistic regression identified the independent predictors of a normal EGD. The proportion of patients with a normal EGD was determined per year, and before and after the introduction of the first EoE guidelines and the EoE Endoscopic Reference Score (EREFS).
Results Of 878 EoE patients, 101 (11.5 %) had an endoscopically normal esophagus; they were younger (8.3 vs. 25.4 years), had shorter median symptom duration before diagnosis (2.8 vs. 5.0 years), were less likely to have dysphagia (40 % vs. 76 %) or food impaction (8 % vs. 33 %), and more likely to have abdominal pain (37 % vs. 19 %) (P < 0.01 for all). On multivariable logistic regression, independent predictors of a normal esophagus were younger age (odds ratio [OR] 0.96, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.94 – 0.98), abdominal pain (OR 2.03, 95 %CI 1.13 – 3.67), and lack of dysphagia (OR 0.49, 95 %CI 0.26 – 0.93). The proportion of patients with a normal esophagus decreased from 21 % before the first EoE guidelines to 7 % (P < 0.01) after introduction of the EREFS.
Conclusions An endoscopically normal esophagus is seen in ~10 % of active EoE patients and should not preclude biopsies; younger age, abdominal pain, and lack of dysphagia are independent predictors. The proportion of normal EGDs decreased over time, suggesting improved recognition of endoscopic findings.