bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cas13b-dependent and Cas13b-independent RNA knockdown of viral sequences in mosquito cells following guide RNA expression
Authors: Tng Priscilla Ying Lei , Carabajal Paladino Leonela , Verkuijl Sebald Alexander Nkosana , Purcell Jessica , Merits Andres , Leftwich Philip Thomas , Fragkoudis Rennos , Noad Rob , Alphey Luke 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are vectors of the RNA viruses chikungunya (CHIKV) and dengue that currently have no specific therapeutic treatments. The development of new methods to generate virus-refractory mosquitoes would be beneficial. Cas13b is an enzyme that uses RNA guides to target and cleave RNA molecules and has been reported to suppress RNA viruses in mammalian and plant cells. We investigated the potential use of the Prevotella sp. P5-125 Cas13b system to provide viral refractoriness in mosquito cells, using a virus-derived reporter and a CHIKV split replication system. Cas13b in combination with suitable guide RNAs could induce strong suppression of virus-derived reporter RNAs in insect cells. Surprisingly, the RNA guides alone (without Cas13b) also gave substantial suppression. Our study provides support for the potential use of Cas13b in mosquitoes, but also caution in interpreting CRISPR/Cas data as we show that guide RNAs can have Cas-independent effects.
Knockdown of TRIM52 alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory injury in human periodontal ligament cells through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Liu Peng , Cui Lijun , Shen Lifang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) 52 (TRIM52) is a vital regulator of inflammation. However, the function and mechanisms of TRIM52 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory injury of human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) in periodontitis remain undefined. In the present research, gene expression was determined using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The effect of TRIM52 on LPS-induced inflammatory injury was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometry, and enyzme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that TRIM52 expression was up-regulated in LPS-treated HPDLCs. Knockdown of TRIM52 alleviated LPS-induced proliferative inhibition and apoptosis promotion in HPDLCs, as evidenced by a decrease in cleaved caspase-3 expression and caspase-3 activity. Silencing TRIM52 suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory response of HPDLCs, as indicated by the decrease in interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, and increase in IL-10 levels. TRIM52 knockdown inhibited LPS-induced activation of TLR4/nuclear factor-κ B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Taken together, knockdown of TRIM52 mitigated LPS-induced inflammatory injury via the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, providing an effective therapeutic target for periodontitis.
Lnc GNG12-AS1 knockdown suppresses glioma progression through the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Xiang Zijin , Lv Qiaoli , Chen Xueru , Zhu Xiuting , Liu Shikun , Li Dangchi , Peng Xiangdong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly being regarded as regulators of glioma development. Notably, some studies report that GNG12-AS1 plays important functions and molecular mechanism in breast cancer, but there are no existing studies in glioma.
Objective: To analyze the biological functions and potential mechanisms of GNG12-AS1 in glioma.
Methods: We detected the expression of GNG12-AS1 in glioma tissues through analyzing TCGA data as well as our clinical samples. We then evaluated cell proliferation through MTT assay and colony formation and cell migration by transwell assay, wound healing assay and single cell tracking assay. After, we analyzed the effects of the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin through Western blotting and utilized the β-catenin agonist SKL2001 for the rescue experiment.
Results: GNG12-AS1 was highly expressed in glioma tissues. The silence of GNG12-AS1 inhibited the proliferation, migration and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of glioma cells, and reduced the activity of the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Notably, SKL2001 could reverse cell migration as well as β-catenin expression in glioma cells with lower GNG12-AS1 expression.
Conclusions: GNG12-AS1 regulates proliferation and migration of glioma cells through the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling and can perhaps be a new target for the treatment of glioma.
Biases in galaxy cluster velocity dispersion and mass estimates in the small Ngal regime
Authors: Ferragamo A. , Rubiño-Martín J. A. , Betancort-Rijo J. , Munari E. , Sartoris B. , Barrena R. 
Published: July 2020

Aims. We present a study of the statistical properties of three velocity dispersion and mass estimators: biweight, gapper, and standard deviation for a small number of galaxies (Ngal ≤ 75).
Methods. Using a set of 73 numerically simulated galaxy clusters, we first characterised the statistical bias and the variance for each one of the three estimators (biweight, gapper, and standard deviation) in the determination of the velocity dispersion and the dynamical mass of the clusters through the σ–M relation. These results were used to define a new set of unbiased estimators that are able to correct for these statistical biases with a minimum increase in associated variance. We also used the same set of numerical simulations to characterise two other physical biases that affect the estimates: the effect of velocity segregation on the selection of cluster members, and the effect of using cluster members within different physical radii from the cluster centre.
Results. The standard deviation (and its unbiased counterpart) is the estimator with the lowest variance estimator after the biweight and gapper. The effect of velocity segregation in the selection of galaxies within the sub-sample of the most massive galaxies in the cluster introduces a bias of 2% in the velocity dispersion estimate when it is calculated using a quarter of the most massive cluster members. We also find a dependence of the velocity dispersion estimate on the aperture radius as a fraction of R200. This is consistent with previous results in the literature.
Conclusions. The proposed set of unbiased estimators effectively provides a correction of the velocity dispersion and mass estimates from the statistical and physical effects discussed above for small numbers of cluster members. When these new estimators are applied to a subset of simulated observations, they can retrieve bias-corrected values for the mean velocity dispersion and the mean mass; the standard deviation has the lowest variance. Although for a single galaxy cluster the statistical and physical effects discussed here are comparable to or slightly smaller than the bias introduced by interlopers, they are relevant when ensemble properties and scaling relations for large number of clusters are studied.
The future large obliquity of Jupiter
Authors: Saillenfest Melaine , Lari Giacomo , Courtot Ariane 
Published: July 2020

Aims. We aim to determine whether Jupiter’s obliquity is bound to remain exceptionally small in the Solar System, or if it could grow in the future and reach values comparable to those of the other giant planets.
Methods. The spin-axis of Jupiter is subject to the gravitational torques from its regular satellites and from the Sun. These torques evolve over time due to the long-term variations of its orbit and to the migration of its satellites. With numerical simulations, we explore the future evolution of Jupiter’s spin axis for different values of its moment of inertia and for different migration rates of its satellites. Analytical formulas show the location and properties of all relevant resonances.
Results. Because of the migration of the Galilean satellites, Jupiter’s obliquity is currently increasing, as it adiabatically follows the drift of a secular spin-orbit resonance with the nodal precession mode of Uranus. Using the current estimates of the migration rate of the satellites, the obliquity of Jupiter can reach values ranging from 6° to 37° after 5 Gyr from now, according to the precise value of its polar moment of inertia. A faster migration for the satellites would produce a larger increase in obliquity, as long as the drift remains adiabatic.
Conclusions. Despite its peculiarly small current value, the obliquity of Jupiter is no different from other obliquities in the Solar System: It is equally sensitive to secular spin-orbit resonances and it will probably reach comparable values in the future.
Verspätet erkannte Phlegmone bei diabetischem Fußsyndrom
Authors: Elsner P. , Meyer J. 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungEin Patient mit insulinpflichtigem Diabetes mellitus Typ II und diabetischer Polyneuropathie entwickelte akut eine vesikulöse Hautveränderung am linken Fuß, die von einem Dermatologen unter der Diagnose eines Herpes simplex antiviral behandelt wurde. Erst mit 14-tägiger Verzögerung erfolgte die Diagnoseänderung als bakterielle Infektion und nach Wundabstrich eine interne Antibiose. Weitere diagnostische oder therapeutische Maßnahmen, außer Verbandswechsel mit lokaler Anwendung von antibakteriellen Kompressen, wurden nicht durchgeführt. Unter zunehmender Verschlechterung des Befundes und der Diagnose Phlegmone Vorfuß links wurde der Patient in eine chirurgische Praxis und dann in eine Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie überwiesen, wo es nach Amputation der 3. Zehe links sowie Nekrektomie mit offener Wundbehandlung und erregerspezifischer Antibiose über mehrere Monate zur Abheilung kam.Die Schlichtungsstelle stellte einen groben Behandlungsfehler aufgrund des Verkennens der Diagnose, des nicht ausreichenden Einbezuges weiterführender diagnostischer Maßnahmen, einer nicht stadiengerechten Wundtherapie und fehlender Wundkontrollen fest. Nach Einschätzung der Schlichtungsstelle ist von einem schweren Fehler auszugehen. Ein schwerer Behandlungsfehler, der generell geeignet ist, einen Schaden der tatsächlich eingetretenen Art herbeizuführen, führt grundsätzlich zu einer Umkehr der objektiven Beweislast für den ursächlichen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Behandlungsfehler und dem primären Gesundheitsschaden.Infektionen auf dem Boden eines diabetischen Fußsyndroms sind mit einer hohen Morbidität und Mortalität behaftet. Da sie klinisch blande verlaufen können, sollten bei jedem Verdacht eine engmaschige Wundkontrolle sowie eine leitliniengerechte Diagnostik und Therapie erfolgen. In der Zusammenarbeit mit pflegerischen Wundmanagern ist zu klären, ob diese in Delegation des Arztes oder in eigenständiger Verantwortung tätig werden können. Für die ärztliche Dokumentation ist bei der Versorgung von Patienten mit chronischen Wunden der Dermatologe selbst verantwortlich.
Verzögerte Diagnose und fehlerhafte Therapie von Basalzellkarzinomen
Authors: Elsner P. , Meyer J. 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungEine 68-jährige Patientin wurde von einer dermatologischen Poliklinik unter der klinischen Verdachtsdiagnose von Basaliomen im Bereich der Stirn und des Ohres über 20 Monate topisch mit 5 % Imiquimod-Creme behandelt, ohne dass eine bioptische Sicherung vorgenommen wurde. Die danach erfolgte dermatohistologische Diagnostik ergab ein sklerodermiformes und ein noduläres Basalzellkarzinom. Eine operative Therapie erfolgte wegen mehrfacher mangelnder Tumorfreiheit der Exzisionsränder während multipler stationärer Aufenthalte.Die Schlichtungsstelle bejahte einen ärztlichen Behandlungsfehler. Die Exzision stellt nach Facharztstandard die Therapie der ersten Wahl des Basalzellkarzinoms dar. Auch bei Patientenwunsch nach einer narbenfreien Therapie in kosmetisch sichtbaren Bereichen ist der ärztliche Entscheid zu einer Externatherapie bei klinischer Einordnung als Basalzellkarzinom vom sklerodermiformen bzw. nodulären Typ ohne histopathologische Sicherung als vermeidbare Fehlentscheidung einzuordnen. Spätestens bei Nichtabheilung nach der Erstbehandlung mit Imiquimod-5 %-Creme hätten zwingend eine Probebiopsie und eine histologische Befundsicherung erfolgen müssen. Es lag ein Befunderhebungsmangel vor, der zu einer Umkehr der Beweislast hinsichtlich der Kausalität des Behandlungsfehlers für den eingetretenen Schaden führte. Der klinische Verdacht auf ein Basalzellkarzinom sollte zeitnah durch eine Probebiopsie oder Totalexzision dermatohistologisch bestätigt werden. Eine Therapie des Basalzellkarzinoms mit topischem Imiquimod ist nur für superfizielle Basalzellkarzinome indiziert; bei Nichtansprechen nach 12 Wochen ist eine andere Therapie zu wählen.
Primary Lymphoma Presenting in an Ascending Aortic Aneurysm: A Case Report
Authors: Schurman Alexander M. , Mendoza David , Rokkas Chris K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSmall lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) is rarely associated with thoracic aortic aneurysms. Aneurysm of the ascending aorta associated with SLL has never been reported before. We describe the case of an asymptomatic 68-year-old woman who presented with a 5.5-cm aneurysm of the ascending aorta and no prior history of hematological disorders. Following excision and repair, the surgical specimen showed infiltration of the aortic wall by lymphocytes, expressing markers consistent with SLL. While symptomatic SLL carries a poor prognosis, risk stratification tools are applied to guide management strategies in asymptomatic patients.
Concise Total Synthesis of (+)-Atlanticone C
Authors: Bach Thorsten , Proessdorf Johanna , Zech Andreas , Jandl Christian 
Published: July 2020

The first enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-atlanticone C is described. The complex tricyclic protoilludane core was rapidly assembled by a photochemical reaction cascade starting from an easily accessible indanone precursor (3 steps). Optimization of an enantioselective Corey–Bakshi–Shibata reduction permitted a catalytic chiral reso­lution of the racemic photoproduct (45% over two steps; up to 98% ee). The enantiomerically enriched photoproduct was efficiently transformed into the (+)-enantiomer of atlanticone C (10 steps; 18% yield), and the absolute configuration of naturally occurring (–)-atlanticone C was thereby determined.
Pattern of Live Births in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, According to Robson Groups and the Kotelchuck Index Classification - 2015/2016
Authors: Alcantara Luciana Leite de Mattos , Almeida Núbia Karla de Oliveira , Almeida Renan Moritz Varnier Rodrigues de 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective To investigate the patterns of hospital births in the state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil, between 2015 and 2016; considering the classification of obstetric characteristics proposed by Robson and the prenatal care index proposed by Kotelchuck.
Methods Data obtained from the Information System on Live Births of the Informatics Department of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SINASC/DATASUS, in the Portuguese acronym) databases were used to group pregnant women relatively to the Robson classification. A descriptive analysis was performed for each Robson group, considering the variables: maternal age, marital status, schooling, parity, Kotelchuck prenatal adequacy index and gestational age. A logistic model estimated odds ratios (ORs) for cesarean sections (C-sections), considering the aforementioned variables.
Results Out of the 456,089 live births in Rio de Janeiro state between 2015 and 2016, 391,961 records were retained, 60.3% of which were C-sections. Most pregnant women (58.6%) were classified in groups 5, 2 or 3. The percentage of C-sections in the Robson groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 8 was much higher than expected. Prenatal care proved to be inadequate for women who subsequently had a vaginal delivery, had an unfavorable family structure and a lower socioeconomic status (mothers without partners and with lower schooling), compared with those undergoing cesarean delivery. For a same Robson group, the chance of C-section increases when maternal age rises (OR = 3.33 for 41–45 years old), there is the presence of a partner (OR = 1.81) and prenatal care improves (OR = 3.19 for “adequate plus”).
Conclusion There are indications that in the state of RJ, from 2015 to 2016, many cesarean deliveries were performed due to nonclinical factors.
The Role of Interventional Radiologists in the Treatment of Congenital Lymphatic Malformations
Authors: Cronan Julie , Gill Anne E. , Shah Jay H. , Hawkins C. Matthew 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLymphatic malformations are low-flow vascular malformations that are typically apparent in the pediatric population and can cause significant functional limitations and effects on quality of life. While surgical resection has historically been the mainstay of therapy, percutaneous sclerotherapy has garnered increasing popularity due to its efficacy and low complication rates. The role of interventional radiology in the multidisciplinary management of these often complex malformations requires thorough understanding of the disease process. This article will review the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, imaging workup, and management options of lymphatic malformations. Special attention will be devoted to available sclerosants, the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor sirolimus, and complex lymphatic anomalies.
Lymphedema: Conventional to Cutting Edge Treatment
Authors: Wang Duane , Lyons Daniel , Skoracki Roman 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLymphedema of the extremities related to oncologic therapies such as cancer surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy is a major long-term cause of morbidity for cancer patients. Both nonsurgical and surgical management strategies have been developed. The goals of these therapies are to achieve volume reduction of the affected extremity, a reduction in patient symptoms, and a reduction in associated morbidities such as recurrent soft-tissue infections. In this article, we review both nonsurgical and surgical management strategies. Traditional surgical therapy has focused on more ablative techniques such as the Charles procedure and suction-assisted lipectomy/liposuction. However, newer more physiologic surgical methods such as lymphovenous anastomoses and vascularized lymph node transfers have become a more common treatment modality for the management of this complex problem.
Relationship between Expenses on Nutritional Therapy and Mortality Rate in Public Hospitals in Salvador, Bahia: An Ecological Study
Authors: Oliveira Beatriz Maiane Gonçalves , Coêlho Larissa Antônia Valois , Figueiredo Pedro Carlos Muniz de , Pimentel Rodrigo Fernandes Weyll 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNutritional therapy (NT) is a set of procedures that maintain or recover the nutritional status. In hospitals, there is a prevalence of 15% to 60% of cases of malnourishment. Malnutrition is related to an increase in infections, immune system dysfunction, longer hospital length of stay and higher mortality. Therefore, a multidisciplinary nutrition therapy team (MNTT) is indispensable. There are gaps regarding the impact of these procedures. The present study aims to analyze the relationship between the expenses on NT and the mortality rate in public hospitals in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The present is an ecological study, and data were collected from the Computer Sciences Department of the Brazilian Unified Health System (DATASUS, in Portuguese), regarding the expenses on enteral nutritional therapy (ENT) and parenteral nutritional therapy (PNT) and the mortality rate in public hospitals, from January 2008 to December 2018. The analyses were developed to enable the determination of the exposure associated with the health indicator studied through the adjustment of the curves. The expenses on NT correlated with the mortality rate were represented as a geometric regression curve, revealing a negative β coefficient (-0.3648), showing an inversely proportional relationship (p = 0.0096). For the expenses on ENT, a geometric regression was evidenced, revealing a negative β coefficient (-1.8790), demonstrating an inversely proportional relationship (p = 0.0034). The expenses on PNT evidenced a logarithmic regression, revealing a negative β coefficient (-9824,7295), but with no statistical significance (p = 0.4767). Hospitals that do not provide NT have shown a growth tendency regarding the mortality rate. We concluded that the implementation of a MNTT in public hospitals seems to reduce the mortality rate in the hospital.
Chloroquine and COVID-19: Should We Care about Ototoxicity?
Authors: Monteiro Eduardo Machado Rossi , Nascimento Maria Fernanda Lima , Brito Thayanne Rachel Cangussu , Lima Marcos Correia , Sefair Laura Rodrigues , Pedrosa Maisa Mendes 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was first described in December 2019 in China leading to a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. It was named by the World Health Organization as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and it garnered unprecedented attention from public health researchers around the world, and studies analyzing chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as a possible therapy have arisen in the last 2 months.
Objective To review the literature and describe updated facts about the ototoxicity of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, an important side effect that can be present in patients with COVID-19 treated with these drugs.
Data Synthesis The most typical treatment regimen is 5 days of hydroxychloroquine at daily doses of 400 to 600 mg. There is no randomized clinical trial that can prove so far the efficacy of this medication, and few studies have evaluated adverse events potentially linked to their use in patients with COVID-19. While there is no concrete evidence on the incidence of ototoxicity using chloroquine in the short term, we need to consider that, as a pandemic disease, millions of patients with COVID-19 may receive this treatment, and ototoxicity can be a possible adverse event.
Conclusion Despite the urgent global situation caused by the COVID-19, the risk of irreversible hearing loss may outweigh the unproven benefit of using hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine, especially in patients with mild forms of COVID-19, who may be cured with supportive treatment. The potential hearing loss that can be caused by these medications may advise against their use in COVID-19 patients.