bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Community Pharmacy in Addressing and Preventing Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Hagemeier Nicholas E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Pharmacists are actively engaged in providing patient care across multiple practice settings, and the community pharmacist has the opportunity to engage in activities that mitigate opioid use disorder and downstream morbidity and mortality. Community pharmacists’ roles have been expanded in some states to include conducting and being reimbursed for comprehensive medication reviews, administering injections, and prescribing through collaborative practice agreements with physicians. All of these expanded roles potentially have implications related to opioid use disorder. These expanded practice authorities highlight the need to strengthen understanding of pharmacists’ engagement in public health interventions. Given the role of pharmaceuticals in public health interventions and the accessibility of community pharmacies across the nation, determining ways to effectively and efficiently connect the public health and pharmacy professions to improve patient and population health is warranted. The interventions described in the chapter highlight the role of pharmacists in preventing opioid misuse and, more importantly, challenge the status quo regarding pharmacists’ roles in decreasing morbidity and mortality associated with opioid use.
Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) as a Public Health and Prevention Strategy to Address Substance Misuse and Addiction
Authors: Nowalk Alexandra , Pringle Janice 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
SBIRT (screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment) is a comprehensive and integrated public health approach that aims to address hazardous and harmful substance use in patients through universal screening for substance misuse risk and the subsequent delivery of appropriate evidence-based interventions to reduce this risk. SBIRT has been implemented throughout all 50 states in a wide variety of medical settings. Thus far, over one million people across the country have been screened for substance use using SBIRT practices. SBIRT has also been implemented internationally. SBIRT is predicated on the premise that, like other chronic diseases, substance use falls along a clinical spectrum ranging from low to high risk. Patient substance use can be stratified across increasing risk levels that correlate with an appropriate disease state extending from abstinence to a diagnosable substance use disorder. Implications for treatment and prevention programs are discussed.
The Role of Public Health Agencies in Convening Partnerships and Collaborations to Respond to the Opioid Crisis
Authors: Tucker Philicia , Fraser Michael R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter presents the role that public health agencies play as leaders and/or conveners of partnerships and collaborations in responding to the opioid epidemic at the state and local levels. “Partnership” is defined as a continuum of relationships between two or more entities ranging from informal engagement around topics of interest to formal, structured memoranda of understanding or contracts that govern resource exchange, the various roles and responsibilities of the partners, and performance metrics or other accountability metrics. The work of partnerships around opioid use and addiction requires intentional engagement of a variety of groups, many of whom have not traditionally worked with public health agencies before. Examples of various partners and their roles in ending the crisis are presented. The chapter includes a discussion of what makes for successful partnerships and key considerations when engaging collaborators in developing shared goals and objectives.
A Comprehensive Approach to Addressing the Opioid Crisis
Authors: Fraser Michael R. , Levine Mark 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An effective public health response to the opioid crisis includes understanding the many different contributors to the crisis and the need for a comprehensive versus piecemeal approach to addressing it. In this chapter, the authors add to prior work that describes the essential elements of a comprehensive response to the opioid crisis. Building on their commentary published in 2018, the authors state that there is a need to propel the governmental public health agency response well beyond its traditional role as data broker and convener of primarily health care partners toward a more contemporary and much-needed focus on the primary prevention of opioid misuse and addiction that forges new ground with social service agencies, employment and housing programs, law enforcement and corrections, addiction treatment providers and substance abuse prevention agencies, and many other sectors equally engaged in ending the opioid crisis.
Addressing Community Trauma and Building Community Resilience to Prevent Opioid Misuse and Addiction
Authors: Savannah Sheila , Fields-Johnson Dana , Cantu Ruben , Chehimi Sana , Captanian Alexis , Kurtz Karmen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Any strategy to end the opioid epidemic must include recognizing and addressing the role of widespread individual and community trauma and the need for solutions that build protective factors and agency within communities while supporting long-term treatment and recovery for those experiencing substance use disorders. In this chapter, the authors describe how a community trauma–informed approach can be applied to address and mitigate the exposures, behaviors, and high levels of hopelessness that are fueling the opioid crisis. Further, the chapter explores how primary prevention strategies can complement opioid treatment and long-term recovery interventions and address other conditions that co-occur in communities experiencing trauma.
Public Health Surveillance and the Opioid Crisis
Authors: Engel Jeffrey P. , Goodson Valerie N. , Toe Megan , Landen Michael 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The roles for public health surveillance are well established in the infectious disease surveillance literature; however, as they relate to noninfectious diseases and more specifically the current opioid epidemic, there is little standardization between states on what is being surveilled and there is a lack of definitions for some of the most important elements of the crisis, such as what constitutes an overdose death from opioids. Without standard definitions and processes, public health practitioners may develop response protocols based on incomplete data. As such, the opioid epidemic presents many challenges for public health surveillance by limiting the ability for case-based follow-up and stymies creation of a variety of shared indicators and metrics that make it difficult to capture the true burden of disease. In this chapter, the authors review prior surveillance activities related to substance use and share emerging consensus on opportunities to improve the surveillance among states and territories.
Performance Indicators: The Kingdoms of Israel and Judah
Authors: Brett Mark G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The kings of Israel and Judah were measured by a variety of standards, and each of the two kingdoms were subjected to overall evaluations in the books of Kings in an effort to explain their demise. While it is often assumed that the ultimate performance indicator is conformity to Mosaic law, this assumption is problematic. The few allusions to a written Torah of Moses in the books of Kings introduce both chronological and theological problems. For example, 2 Kgs 23:25–26 explains the destruction of Jerusalem by assuming the validity of intergenerational punishment, but this particular understanding of divine justice is rejected in the fully developed theology of Deuteronomy (Deut 1:39 and 7:9–10, overturning Deut 5:9). Attending to key ideas of centralization and social justice, we may describe the books of Kings as “Yahwistic” rather than “Deuteronomistic,” a conclusion that is confirmed by comparisons with the book of Jeremiah.
Nation Dreaming: Deuteronomy and Joshua
Authors: Brett Mark G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Deuteronomy implicitly reflects a loss of political sovereignty, but more overtly, it presents a utopian model of the ideal, future nation. The centralized “nationalism” of this book imagines a people only superficially divided by class, whose blessings are secured on the condition that a uniformity of religion is vigilantly maintained, along with a justice system that pays special attention to the “alien, widow and orphan.” Adopting and transforming an imperial treaty model for its covenantal constitution, the law code retains an old intercultural tradition of warfare (ḥērem), but later editing translates this requirement into a ban on intermarriage, which could then preserve a distinct ethnic group in multiple social contexts. The implications of Deuteronomic theology are explored in a reinterpretation of Israel’s conquest traditions in the book of Joshua.
Mimicking Empire: Divine Administration in Isaiah
Authors: Brett Mark G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The gōlāh-oriented vision of Ezra was opposed in the scroll of Isaiah, which in Isaiah 49–55 called for a reconciliation of Returnees and Remainees within Yhwh’s own empire. Identifying King Cyrus as a messiah in Isa 45:1 might well have sacrificed messianic hopes, but this is only an apparent concession to the ruling powers. Many of Isaiah’s texts have in fact mimicked the imperial administration in order to claim jurisdiction for Yhwh’s torah not only within the limited state imagined in the Deuteronomic Code but also across the many nations of the empire. Isaiah’s vision of peaceable rule interacts with some distinctive features of Iranian royal ideology, including the symbolism of royal parklands. Isaiah’s Eden theology mimics the Persian paradises, while envisaging the rule of God in a this-worldly eschatology.
Heresy, Forgery, Novelty
Authors: Klawans Jonathan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Historians of heresy typically understand the phenomenon as a Christian invention, a notion that emerges in late antiquity as Christianity distinguishes itself from Judaism. Operating with simpler, straightforward definitions of key terms, this book demonstrates that Christianity’s heresiological impulse is indebted to Jewish precedents. Briefly put, the dynamic this book explores can be summarized as follows: Heresy involves the condemnation of novelty; forgery entails the feigning of antiquity. Novelty ensues with the valorization of innovation, which can harden into supersessionism—the inverse of heresy. With these definitions—which the book justifies in light of Jewish and Christian sources—this work shows that (1) Christian heresiology, with its demonization of novelty, has roots in Judaism; (2) the evidence is muddied by Jewish and Christian forgeries—often in the form of pseudepigraphs (works falsely titled)—which serve to deny or conceal innovations that would otherwise be condemned as novel; and (3) the Christian claim of novelty, while having roots in sectarian Judaism, goes further than its Jewish precedents by embracing the new and condemning the old in unprecedented ways. What is more, (4) scholars have inadvertently echoed aspects of this dynamic themselves, by selectively hypothesizing Jewish backgrounds to some phenomena (e.g., Gnosticism) while denying the same to others (e.g., heresy). Ironically, some academic arguments function in quasiheresiological ways—reconstructing the past to defend the perceived uniqueness of Christianity’s heresiological predilection.
Eighteen Takes on God
Authors: Stevenson Leslie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This is a compact introduction to a variety of conceptions of God. Part I examines eight theologies: God as an old man in the sky; as an incorporeal person; as a necessary being; as truth, goodness, and beauty; apophatic theology (beyond all words); pantheism; deism; and open theology in which God acts and changes. The discussion shows differences over whether God is a person, whether he (?) is gendered, whether he is simple, whether he changes over time, and whether he can be spoken of at all. Part II reviews five different ways of understanding language about God: instrumentalism, reductionism, postmodernism, relativism, and a Wittgensteinian view. Part III moves closer to religious experience and practice, looking at the views of Otto, Buber, Kant, Tillich, and Quakers. There are also comments and endnotes on such diverse figures as William Blake, Samuel Palmer, Feuerbach, Don Cupitt, Goethe, Kierkegaard, Iris Murdoch, Simone Weil, Abbe Louf, John Gray, and Keith Ward. There is no overall commitment to theism, atheism, or agnosticism. Instead there is a sympathetic account of various views of the divine, combined with critical questioning about their meaning and practical application. In Chapter 18 Quakerism is recommended as one good way.
Relativism
Authors: Stevenson Leslie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Some interpretations of Wittgenstein assert a relativist philosophy, that there is a multiplicity of language-games and associated forms of life, including a variety of religions, between which there can be no neutral, objective, purely rational evaluation. But such a generalized relativism runs into the problem that there is no clear way of dividing up discourse and ways of life into completely separate segments.
The Eternal Thou
Authors: Stevenson Leslie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Martin Buber presented a poetic account of the I-Thou relation that we can have with other people, though also with some animals or trees or works of art, and in his view with God, the eternal Thou. Buber says we can only speak of God in his personal relationship to humans, but that is paradoxical, for he also says the concept of person cannot encompass the essential being of God.
The Inward Light
Authors: Stevenson Leslie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Quakers developed a strong sense of the inner (or inward) Light of God, a theme also found in Augustine and Andre Louf. But our reception of it is fallible, and needs testing. In Quaker thought and language “God” does not have to be interpreted as the name of a mysterious elusive entity, but as indicating the object and source of our religious experience.
Modern Control Theory and the Limits of Criminal Justice
Authors: Gottfredson Michael , Hirschi Travis 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Modern Control Theory and the Limits of Criminal Justice updates and extends the authors’ classic general theory of crime (sometimes referred to as “self-control theory”). In Part I, contemporary evidence about the theory is summarized. Research from criminology, psychology, economics, education, and public health substantially supports the lifelong influence of self control as a significant cause of problem behaviors, including delinquency and crime, substance abuse, school problems, many forms of accidents, employment instability, and many poor health outcomes. Contemporary evidence is supportive of the theory’s focus on early socialization for creation of higher levels of self control and other dimensions of the theory, including the roles of self control, age and the generality or versatility of problem behaviors, as well as the connections between self control and later teen and adult problem behaviors. The book provides methodological assessments of research on the theory, contrasting the control theory perspective with other developmental perspectives in criminology. The role of opportunity, the relationship between self and social control theory, and the role of motivation are addressed. In Part II, control theory is taken to be a valid theory and is used to explore the role of criminal sanctions, especially policing and prisons, and policies about immigration, as methods to impact crime. Modern control theory provides an explanation for the general lack of effectiveness of formal, state sanctions on crime and instead provides substantial justification for prevention of delinquency and crime by a focus on childhood. The theory effectively demonstrates the limits of criminal sanctions and the connection between higher levels of self control and positive life-course outcomes.
Proportionality and the Seriousness of Crimes
Authors: Ryberg Jesper 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The principle of proportionality presupposes that it is possible to make some sort of scaling of crimes in seriousness. Three theoretical challenges face the comparison of the seriousness of crimes: the “harm specification challenge,” which posits that some crimes do not in any direct way involve harm, while others involve harm to an extent that seems to reach far beyond what can plausibly be attributed to the criminal act that has caused it; the “weighing challenge,” which concerns the question of how different degrees of harm and culpability should be combined in a nonarbitrary manner into an overall assessment of the seriousness of a crime; and the “individualization challenge,” in which one and the same type of crime may affect victims very differently. Three strategies for meeting these challenges are available—that the challenges arise as a result of overtheorization, that one or more can be met by adopting a subjectivist view on criminal offending, and that they can be met by basing the determination of seriousness of standardized judgments of harm—but they are unconvincing. In the absence of proper answers, the challenges constitute a serious problem for the proportionality principle as a retributivist principle of penal distribution.
Law and the Economy: 1776–1850
Authors: Friedman Lawrence M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on regulation in the early nineteenth century. The nineteenth century is considered the high noon of laissez-faire. Government, by habit and design, kept its hands off the economy and let the market do its magic. The first half of the century, in particular, was strongly pro-enterprise, pro-growth. The aim of public policy was the release of creative energy and that meant economic energy, enterprise energy. Government reflected what its constituents wanted. It did what it could to boost the economy, which could mean subsidy or outright intervention. Government intervention, or government regulation, primarily meant the states, not the federal government.
The Growth of the Law
Authors: Friedman Lawrence M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses changes in American law in the twentieth century, covering welfare, workers’ compensation, tort law, civil rights, First Nations, Asian Americans, Hispanics, freedom of speech, and religion. One of the most striking developments in the twentieth century was the so-called liability explosion: the vast increase in liability in tort, mostly for personal injuries. The nineteenth century—particularly the early part—had built up the law of torts, almost from nothing; courts created a huge, complicated structure, a system with many rooms, chambers, corridors, but with an overall ethos of limited liability, and something of a tilt toward enterprise. The structure was wobbling a bit, by the end of the nineteenth century, and the twentieth century worked fairly diligently to tear the whole thing down. One of the first doctrines to go was the fellow-servant rule.
Family Law in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Friedman Lawrence M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses changes in family law in the twentieth century. Family life changed in many ways in the twentieth century. More and more women entered the workforce. Women won the vote just after the First World War. Women became lawyers and judges. This was also the century of the birth control pill, and the century of the so-called sexual revolution. People lived longer, and had more money. Millions moved from the city to the suburbs. Radio and then television and then the internet invaded the home. All the events, crises, and developments of the twentieth century had a deep impact on family life and family law. None of the changes in family law were quite so dramatic as the changes in the law of divorce.
Strains of Japonisme in Tin Pan Alley, on Broadway, and in the Parlor
Authors: Sheppard W. Anthony 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the representation of Japan and the Japanese in American popular song and musical theater from 1860 to 1930. The representation of African Americans and of European immigrants in American popular song has received much attention. Comparatively little work has been undertaken on Tin Pan Alley’s engagement with Asians and Asian Americans. Through style and content analysis, the author identifies particular features that served as “Japanese” markers in the music, lyrics, and cover art of these songs. Musical interest in Japanese subjects directly reflected developments in political history and in American conceptions of race. The impact of Puccini’s Madama Butterfly, Gilbert and Sullivan’s The Mikado, and of the Russo-Japanese War is identified. The chapter is based on a collection of some 375 pieces with Japanese subjects–including parlor songs, show tunes, and piano dances and novelty pieces–that were published between 1890 and 1930 in the U.S.
Japonisme and the Forging of American Musical Modernism
Authors: Sheppard W. Anthony 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Japanese music played a central role in the formation of American musical modernism. This chapter focuses on the position of Japanese music in the careers of Henry Eichheim and Henry Cowell. For Eichheim, Japan had “a poetry no other country seems to possess.” Inspired by the writings of Lafcadio Hearn, Eichheim traveled to Japan between 1915 and 1928 and composed multiple pieces based on Japanese material. Japan was of central importance throughout Cowell’s life. In the 1930s Cowell studied shakuhachi with Kitaro Tamada who later wrote poignantly to Cowell from his Japanese American Internment Camp. Cowell traveled to Japan in 1957 and 1961 during the Cold War and composed several Japanese-inspired works, including for koto. Juxtaposing the musical journeys of these two composers and proselytizers highlights the roles Japanese music played for those Americans who sought to sound “ultra modern” in the twentieth century.
Introduction
Authors: Cai Congyan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter mainly aims to introduce the research background and research structure of The Rise of China and International Law: Taking Chinese Exceptionalism Seriously. It first explains why the rise of China and, accordingly, the engagement of China and international legal order are critical for the configuration of international relations in the twenty-first century, especially for great powers like the United States, which demonstrates the academic importance of this book. Then, by examining the arguments of authorities of international relations and international law, the book shows how the perception of scholars of the rise of China, especially the relationship between the rise of China and international law, has changed in the past several decades. It also introduces the arguments of governments and leaders of China and the United States as to how international law matters to the rise of China and how international law may be used to engage the rise of China. Finally, it explains how the book is structured.
The Relevance of International Law
Authors: Cai Congyan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter, from four perspectives of community, power, adjudication, and spirit, reviews the transformation of international law during the past several decades and the relevance of international law on the rise of China, thereby examining the legal and political context where China rises and showing the fundamental difference between the rise of China and the rise of great powers in the history. In light of new political and legal circumstances, international law can play a larger role in the rise of China than that to great powers in history, which may be either expected or unexpected both for China itself and international community.