bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does an effective shoulder injury prevention program affect risk factors in handball? A randomized controlled study
Authors: Fredriksen Hilde , Cools Ann , Bahr Roald , Myklebust Grethe 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundShoulder problems are common in handball, but injury risk reduction is possible by implementing a prevention program. However, player compliance to the program remains a challenge, with feedback from players that the program is too time consuming.AimTo develop a more efficient program, we aimed to assess the effect of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center shoulder injury prevention program on external rotation (ER) strength and internal rotation (IR) range of motion (ROM), considered to represent key risk factors for injury.MethodsFour youth handball teams (three females, one males, 57 players, mean age 17.1 years) were randomized to an intervention or control group. The intervention program was conducted three times per week as a part of handball warm‐up for 18 weeks, supervised by physical therapists. The main outcome variables were the between‐group differences in ER strength and IR ROM change from baseline to postintervention. Isometric ER strength was measured with a handheld dynamometer and IR ROM with a digital goniometer.ResultsMean dominant shoulder isometric ER strength increased both in the intervention (10%) and the control group (6%) during the intervention, but there was no significant group by time interaction (group difference: 0.06 N/kg (95% CI: −0.04 to 0.17). IR ROM did not change in either group during the intervention.ConclusionThe Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center shoulder injury prevention program did not affect the risk factors ER strength and IR ROM. The preventive effect of the program must therefore be due to other factors.
Role of Maraviroc in minimizing the risk of graft rejection in HIV‐infected kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Alfano Gaetano , Guaraldi Giovanni , Fontana Francesco , Franceschini Erica , Dolci Giovanni , Mussini Cristina , Cappelli Gianni 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundKidney transplantation in HIV‐infected patients is characterized by a concerning high rate of allograft rejections. The etiological mechanisms leading to this increased immunoreactivity are still unknown. Maraviroc is a new antiretroviral agent that has been associated with immunomodulatory proprieties; therefore, its use may be a promising strategy to minimize the rate of rejections in HIV‐infected kidney transplant (KT) recipients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study in our cohort of HIV‐KT recipients with the aim to explore the effects of maraviroc in reducing the risk of graft rejection.ResultsTwenty‐two HIV‐infected KT recipients predominantly of Caucasian origin (86%) and with a median age of 49 (IQR, 51.9‐42.2) years were evaluated. Ten HIV‐infected patients were treated with maraviroc and 12 with a maraviroc‐free antiretroviral regimen. After a median follow‐up of 3.01 years, half of the maraviroc‐treated patients (n = 5) developed seven episodes of graft rejection, most of them were T cell–mediated rejections (85.7%). Five episodes were recorded in the maraviroc‐free group. The difference in the rate of graft rejections was not statistically significant (P = .23).ConclusionsThe administration of maraviroc was ineffective in preventing graft rejections in our cohort of patients.
Pro‐inflammatory effects after platelet transfusion: a review
Authors: Chen Bin‐Zhen , Xia Rong 
Published: April 2020

Background and ObjectivesPlatelet has been linked to thrombosis in several studies. Inflammation is closely intertwined with thrombosis and occurs consecutively; it is therefore conceivable that platelet transfusions perform an increasingly vital role in inflammation. As platelet transfusions have been a significant therapeutic approach in patients for decades, serious risks including viral transmission, bacterial sepsis and acute lung injury have been demonstrated by retrospective studies and randomized clinical trials. Recent data suggest associations among platelet transfusion and pro‐inflammatory responses.Materials and MethodsA systematic review (from 2014 to 2019) on English literatures was conducted. Data on platelet transfusion‐related reactions were abstracted. Preset inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to identify all eligible articles.ResultsAll patients abstracted have received platelet transfusion. This new review focuses on recent 5‐year advances (from 2014 to 2019) to have found that the platelet transfusion as pro‐inflammatory process, concerning secretion of platelet microparticles and other inflammatory factors.ConclusionIt can be hypothesized that the platelet microparticles or biological response modifier pathways might be innovative and therapeutic approaches to improving platelet transfusion and pretransfusion manipulations to reduce transfusion‐related adverse reactions and therefore improve the efficacy and safety of this wide‐employed therapy.
English in the South African language‐in‐education policy on higher education
Authors: Ngcobo Mtholeni N. , Barnes Lawrie A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article investigates the perceptions of students at the University of South Africa towards the languages of learning and teaching (media of instruction) at the institution. Data obtained from both individual interviews and focus groups indicated that students have an overwhelming preference for English as the primary medium of instruction at the university, even though the language poses various challenges for them. Students showed mixed views about the role of African languages as languages of learning and teaching. The issue of choice is influenced by socio‐historical factors, instrumental motivation, and concerns about the impracticality of introducing all 11 official languages as media of instruction.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in wild boar and deer in Brandenburg, Germany
Authors: Bier Nadja Seyhan , Stollberg Kaya , Mayer‐Scholl Anne , Johne Annette , Nöckler Karsten , Richter Martin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConsumption of game in Germany has increased during the past 10 years. Wild boar (Sus scrofa), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) are the most frequently hunted and consumed game animals in Germany, yet information on the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in these animal species is scarce. To better estimate the public health risk emanating from handling and consumption of game, this study investigated seroprevalences of Toxoplasma gondii in game hunted in the German federal state of Brandenburg during two hunting seasons from 2017 to 2019. Toxoplasma gondii‐specific antibodies were detected in 24.4% (44/180, 95% CI: 18.4%–31.4%) of wild boar, 12.8% (16/125, 95% CI: 7.5%–20%) of roe deer and 6.4% (3/47, 95% CI: 1.3%–17.5%) of red deer using a commercial ELISA kit. Seroprevalences were similar in the two hunting seasons. Correlation between sex and seropositivity could not be observed. A rise in seroprevalence was seen with increasing age in all studied game species. Observed seroprevalences suggest that T. gondii is endemic in the sylvatic environment in the German federal state of Brandenburg and imply that game could represent a relevant source for human T. gondii infection.
Molecular phylogeny of protobranch bivalves and systematic implications of their shell microstructure
Authors: Sato Kei , Kano Yasunori , Setiamarga Davin H. E. , Watanabe Hiromi K. , Sasaki Takenori 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHigher systematics and evolutionary history of Protobranchia, a subclass of Bivalvia, have long been controversial due to paucity of prominent shell characters and difficulties in collecting live material for diverse taxa. Here, we evaluate the reliability of shell microstructure for protobranch higher systematics by reconstructing a molecular phylogeny of the subclass. Relationships were assessed using the nuclear (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and histone H3) and mitochondrial (16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) gene sequences from 89 in‐group species. Maximum likelihood reconstruction with the nuclear markers recognized five superfamilies (Nuculoidea, Solemyoidea, Manzanelloidea, Nuculanoidea and Sareptoidea) as the in‐group clades of the monophyletic Protobranchia. Sareptoidea is herein redefined to comprise Sarepta and Setigloma in the sole family Sareptidae, whereas Pristigloma and its monotypic Pristiglomidae are transferred from this superfamily to Nuculanoidea, both in the order Nuculanida. Mapping of shell microstructure characters on the tree confirmed their conservativeness at superfamily level when only living species were taken into account. The Nuculoidea have shells with the outer prismatic and middle/inner nacreous structures; Solemyoidea are characterized by either the radially elongate simple prismatic structure or the reticulate structure in the outer shell layer; Manzanelloidea, Nuculanoidea and Sareptoidea have shells of homogeneous, fibrous prismatic and/or fine complex crossed lamellar structures, all of which lack large structural units. Our Bayesian time calibration, on the contrary, suggested frequent loss of nacre in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic history of Protobranchia, at least once each in Nuculoidea, Manzanelloidea, Solemyoidea and Sareptoidea in the Paleozoic, and perhaps multiple times in Nuculanoidea by the Mesozoic.
Evaluating the Alimentary and Respiratory Tracts in Health and disease (EARTH) research programme: a protocol for prospective, longitudinal, controlled, observational studies in children with chronic disease at an Australian tertiary paediatric hospital
Authors: Coffey Michael J , McKay Isabelle R , Doumit Michael , Chuang Sandra , Adams Susan , Stelzer-Braid Sacha , Waters Shafagh A , Kasparian Nadine A , Thomas Torsten , Jaffe Adam , Katz Tamarah , Ooi Chee Y 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionChronic gastrointestinal and respiratory conditions of childhood can have long-lasting physical, psychosocial and economic effects on children and their families. Alterations in diet and intestinal and respiratory microbiomes may have important implications for physical and psychosocial health. Diet influences the intestinal microbiome and should be considered when exploring disease-specific alterations. The concepts of gut-brain and gut-lung axes provide novel perspectives for examining chronic childhood disease(s). We established the ‘Evaluating theAlimentary andRespiratoryTracts inHealth and disease’ (EARTH) research programme to provide a structured, holistic evaluation of children with chronic gastrointestinal and/or respiratory conditions.Methods and analysisThe EARTH programme provides a framework for a series of prospective, longitudinal, controlled, observational studies (comprised of individual substudies), conducted at an Australian tertiary paediatric hospital (the methodology is applicable to other settings). Children with a chronic gastrointestinal and/or respiratory condition will be compared with age and gender matched healthy controls (HC) across a 12-month period. The following will be collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months: (i) stool, (ii) oropharyngeal swab/sputum, (iii) semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, (iv) details of disease symptomatology, (v) health-related quality of life and (vi) psychosocial factors. Data on the intestinal and respiratory microbiomes and diet will be compared between children with a condition and HC. Correlations between dietary intake (energy, macro-nutrients and micro-nutrients), intestinal and respiratory microbiomes within each group will be explored. Data on disease symptomatology, quality of life and psychosocial factors will be compared between condition and HC cohorts.Results will be hypothesis-generating and direct future focussed studies. There is future potential for direct translation into clinical care, as diet is a highly modifiable factor.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval: Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/18/SCHN/26). Results will be presented at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04071314
Strategies aimed at preventing chronic opioid use in trauma and acute care surgery: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Bérubé Mélanie , Moore Lynne , Lauzier François , Côté Caroline , Vogt Kelly , Tremblay Lorraine , Martel Marc-Olivier , Pagé Gabrielle , Tardif Pier-alexandre , Pinard Anne-Marie , Hameed S Morad , Perreault Kadija , Sirois Caroline , Bélanger Carole , Turgeon Alexis F 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionGlobally every year, millions of patients sustain traumatic injuries and require acute care surgeries. A high incidence of chronic opioid use (up to 58%) has been documented in these populations with significant negative individual and societal impacts. Despite the importance of this public health issue, optimal strategies to limit the chronic use of opioids after trauma and acute care surgery are not clear. We aim to identify existing strategies to prevent chronic opioid use in these populations.Methods and analysisWe will perform a scoping review of peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed literature to identify studies, reviews, recommendations and guidelines on strategies aimed at preventing chronic opioid use in patients after trauma and acute care surgery. We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINHAL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, ProQuest and websites of trauma and acute care surgery, pain, government and professional organisations. Databases will be searched for papers published from 1 January 2005 to a maximum of 6 months before submission of the final manuscript. Two reviewers will independently evaluate studies for eligibility and extract data from included studies using a standardised data abstraction form. Preventive strategies will be classified according to their types and targeted trauma populations and acute care surgery procedures.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics approval is not required as this study is based on the secondary use of published data. This work will inform research and clinical stakeholders on the required next steps towards the uptake of effective strategies aimed at preventing chronic opioid use in trauma and acute care surgery patients.
Randomised controlled trial of a person-centred transition programme for adolescents with type 1 diabetes (STEPSTONES-DIAB): a study protocol
Authors: Brorsson Anna Lena , Bratt Ewa-Lena , Moons Philip , Ek Anna , Jelleryd Elisabeth , Torbjörnsdotter Torun , Sparud-Lundin Carina 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionAdolescence is a critical period for youths with chronic conditions, when they are supposed to take over the responsibility for their health. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common chronic conditions in childhood and inadequate self-management increases the risk of short-term and long-term complications. There is a lack of evidence regarding the effectiveness of transition programmes. As a part of the Swedish Transition Effects Project Supporting Teenagers with chrONic mEdical conditionS research programme, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and experiences of different transitional care models, including a person-centred transition programme aiming to empower adolescents with T1D to become active partners in their health and care.Methods and analysisIn this randomised controlled trial, patients are recruited from two paediatric diabetes clinics at the age of 16 years. Patients are randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n=70) where they will receive usual care plus the structured transition programme, or to the control group (n=70) where they will only receive usual care. Data will be collected at 16, 17 and 18.5 years of age. In a later stage, the intervention group will be compared with adolescents in a dedicated youth clinic in a third setting. The primary outcome is patient empowerment. Secondary outcomes include generic, diabetes-specific and transfer-specific variables.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Ethical Review Board in Stockholm (Dnr 2018/1725-31). Findings will be reported following the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement and disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT03994536
Supplementation of a low-energy diet with recombinant ferritin fromPerinereissp. can be beneficial to finishing pigs
Authors: Serpunja S. , Kim I.H. 
Published: April 2020

A total of 90 finishing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of 50.02 ± 1.78 kg were used in a 10 wk experiment. The pigs were distributed into three dietary treatments replicated six times with five pigs (two barrows and three gilts) per pen. The treatment diets were a positive control (PC; high-energy diet), a negative control (NC; low-energy diet), and an NC + 0.05% ferritin diet (TRT1). The supplementation of ferritin in a low-energy diet tended (P = 0.06) to increase the BW at week 5 compared with pigs fed low-energy diets without ferritin. At week 5 and overall period, the gain-to-feed ratio of pigs fed high-energy diets was higher (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed low-energy diets. The pigs receiving a ferritin-supplemented diet had a comparable growth performance to pigs fed high-energy diets. At week 10, fecal Lactobacilli counts of pigs fed high-energy diets were higher (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed low-energy diets. The supplementation of low-energy diets with ferritin resulted in comparable growth performance to pigs fed high-energy diets and had no adverse effect on digestibility and fecal gas emissions. Thus, it seems beneficial to include ferritin in low-energy diets of finishing pigs.
Left-right entanglement entropy for a Dp-brane with dynamics and background fields
Authors: Teymourtashlou Shirin , Kamani Davoud 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe investigate the left-right entanglement entropy of a boundary state, corresponding to a dynamical Dp-brane with the internal and background fields. We assume that the brane has a tangential linear motion and a rotation, and is dressed with an internal U(1) gauge potential and the Kalb–Ramond tensor field $$B_{\mu \nu }$$Bμν. We derive the entanglement entropy via the Rényi entropy by applying the replica trick. Our calculations will be in the context of the bosonic string theory.
EXIM Bank’s Rampal Project Financing Dilemma
Authors: Satish D. 
Published: April 2020

Export Import Bank of India (EXIM Bank) had agreed to finance a US$1.62 billion debt which constituted 70% of the capital needed to construct a controversial 1320 MW coal-based thermal power plant in Rampal, Bangladesh. The plant was located within 14 km of the Sundarbans, recognized by UNESCO as a world heritage site. According to environmentalists, the construction and operation of this plant would give rise to serious environmental, social, and governance issues which would have an adverse, irreversible, and unprecedented effect on the Sundarbans and its people. Amidst growing pressure from activists, Yaduvendra Mathur, Chairman and Managing Director of EXIM Bank, has to take a call on whether to go ahead with financing the project or not. The decision will not only involve assessing the financial impact of the Rampal exposure on the bank given the risks associated with the project, but also involve evaluating issues relating to financing fossil fuel exposure at a time when the financial community has taken climate change seriously and is decarbonizing its portfolios while investing in clean energy.
Isotope geochemistry evidence for Laurussian-type sources of South Portuguese Zone Carboniferous turbidites (Variscan Orogeny)
Authors: Pereira Manuel Francisco , Gama Cristina , Dias da Silva Ícaro , Fuenlabrada José Manuel , Silva José Brandão , Medina Jorge 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

New Rb–Sr isotopic data from South Portuguese Zone (SPZ) turbidites show that the
87
Sr/
86
Sr(
t
) ratio increases from the basal Mértola Formation (Visean–Serpukhovian: 0.706–0.707), through the Mira Formation (Serpukhovian–Bashkirian: 0.706–0.712) to the uppermost Brejeira Formation (Bashkirian–Moscovian: 0.713–0.715). In addition, estimated Nd T
DM
model ages for the Mértola (1.29–1.09 Ga), Mira (1.58–1.1 Ga) and Brejeira (1.73–1.37 Ga) formations indicate inverted stratigraphy for their isotopic sources. The isotope geochemical data indicate significant changes in the sources from which the SPZ Carboniferous turbidites are derived, consistent with the progressive denudation of a continental magmatic arc built on the Laurussian margin. Mértola turbidites inherited their geochemical and isotopic characteristics from an adjacent dissected Middle–Late Devonian continental magmatic arc with an intermediate–felsic composition: that is a Laurussian (Rheic magmatic arc)-type source. The progressive erosion of its plutonic roots and older host continental basement rocks are indicated in the Mira and Brejeira formations by the increasing contribution of recycled ancient continental crust. The pronounced similarity between the Nd T
DM
model ages and the detrital zircon populations of the Mira and Brejeira formations (SW Iberia) suggest that they share a common Laurussian (West Avalonia/Meguma terrane)-type source but a contribution from Gondwanan (Ossa-Morena)-type sources cannot be discarded.
Vaccination against Nonmutated Neoantigens Induced in Recurrent and Future Tumors
Authors: Garrido Greta , Schrand Brett , Levay Agata , Rabasa Ailem , Ferrantella Anthony , Da Silva Diane M. , D'Eramo Francesca , Marijt Koen A. , Zhang Zhuoran , Kwon Deukwoo , Kortylewski Marcin , Kast W. Martin , Dudeja Vikas , van Hall Thorbald , Gilboa Eli 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Vaccination of patients against neoantigens expressed in concurrent tumors, recurrent tumors, or tumors developing in individuals at risk of cancer is posing major challenges in terms of which antigens to target and is limited to patients expressing neoantigens in their tumors. Here, we describe a vaccination strategy against antigens that were induced in tumor cells by downregulation of the peptide transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). Vaccination against TAP downregulation–induced antigens was more effective than vaccination against mutation-derived neoantigens, was devoid of measurable toxicity, and inhibited the growth of concurrent and future tumors in models of recurrence and premalignant disease. Human CD8+ T cells stimulated with TAPlow dendritic cells elicited a polyclonal T-cell response that recognized tumor cells with experimentally reduced TAP expression. Vaccination against TAP downregulation–induced antigens overcomes the main limitations of vaccinating against mostly unique tumor-resident neoantigens and could represent a simpler vaccination strategy that will be applicable to most patients with cancer.