bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of city-wide deployment of Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes on arboviral disease incidence in Medellín and Bello, Colombia: study protocol for an interrupted time-series analysis and a test-negative design study
Authors: Velez Ivan D. , Santacruz Eduardo , Kutcher Simon C. , Duque Sandra L. , Uribe Alexander , Barajas Jovany , Gonzalez Sandra , Patino Ana Cristina , Zuluaga Lina , Martínez Luis , Muñoz Estefanía , Mejia María Camila , Arbelaez María Patricia , Pulido Henry , Jewell Nicholas P. , Dufault Suzanne M , O'Neill Scott L. , Simmons Cameron P. , Anders Katherine L. , Tanamas Stephanie K. 
Published: May 2020

Background: Dengue, chikungunya and Zika are viral infections transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, and present major public health challenges in tropical regions. Traditional vector control methods have been ineffective at halting disease transmission. The World Mosquito Program has developed a novel approach to arbovirus control using Ae. aegypti stably transfected with the Wolbachia bacterium, which have significantly reduced ability to transmit dengue, Zika and chikungunya in laboratory experiments. Field releases in eight countries have demonstrated Wolbachia establishment in local Ae. aegypti populations. Methods: We describe a pragmatic approach to measuring the epidemiological impact of city-wide Wolbachia deployments in Bello and Medellín, Colombia. First, an interrupted time-series analysis will compare the incidence of dengue, chikungunya and Zika case notifications before and after Wolbachia releases, across the two municipalities. Second, a prospective case-control study using a test-negative design will be conducted in one quadrant of Medellín. Three of the six contiguous release zones in the case-control area were allocated to receive the first Wolbachia deployments in the city and three to be treated last, approximating a parallel two-arm trial for the >12-month period during which Wolbachia exposure remains discordant. Allocation, although non-random, aimed to maximise balance between arms in historical dengue incidence and demographics. Arboviral disease cases and arbovirus-negative controls will be enrolled concurrently from febrile patients presenting to primary care, with case/control status classified retrospectively following laboratory diagnostic testing. Intervention effect is estimated from an aggregate odds ratio comparing Wolbachia-exposure odds among test-positive cases versus test-negative controls. Discussion: The study findings will add to an accumulating body of evidence from global field sites on the efficacy of the Wolbachia method in reducing arboviral disease incidence, and can inform decisions on wider public health implementation of this intervention in the Americas and beyond. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03631719. Registered on 15 August 2018.
Europejska polityka wobec Romów – w stronę inkluzji?
Authors: Kołaczek Małgorzata 
Published: May 2020

European Roma Policy – Towards Inclusion?
This article aims to present the concepts of current European Union’s policy towards the Roma, starting with its origins up until recent years, as well as briefly diagnose the involvement of the EU’s institutions in developing and implementing programs and guidelines for national policies towards the Roma people in member states. This research paper also analyzes to which degree the activities of the European Union, with special emphasis on the period from 2011, positively influences the level of inclusion and integration of the Roma people into mainstream societies of EU member states. Finally, this article attempts to evaluate the results of the implementation of the above-mentioned policy as well as to predict the challenges which may arise in case of continuation of activities in this area.
Ci, którzy odchodzą z Omelas, a ci, którzy odwracają się od Katalonii
Authors: Grzechynka (Idzik) Agnieszka 
Published: May 2020

Those Who Walk Away from Omelas and Those Who Turn Away from Catalonia. Catalan Independence Aspirations in the Context of Political Human Rights
Symbols of the independence movement − whether in the form of yellow ribbons, attached to clothes by the inhabitants of Catalonia or slogans, painted on the facades of buildings and calling for the restoration of freedom of those detained after the referendum of autumn 2017 − have become an almost integral part of Barcelona, photographed by foreign tourists with no smaller the frequency than architectural works of Antonio Gaudi. The fact that so-called “Catalan case” arouses growing interest of external observers, became possible not only thanks to the activities of the separatists themselves, who try to draw the attention of the international community, but also due to legal, ethical and moral doubts that constitute not background, but rather the first plan of Spanish-Catalan political struggles.
Mário Schenberg na rede científica transnacional de Gleb Wataghin: a primeira geração de físicos brasileiros.
Authors: Coelho Alexander Brilhante 
Published: May 2020

Nosso artigo propõe uma revisita às interpretações a respeito do papel da fundação da universidade brasileiras nos anos 1930, por meio da trajetória científica de Mario Schenberg. A estratégia política local de um setor da elite paulista nos anos 1930 passou pelo estabelecimento de uma nova forma de produção científica e acadêmica, que resultou na fundação da Universidade de São Paulo, e contou com uma concentração inédita de professores estrangeiros no Brasil, possibilitando a formação de uma geração de cientistas e intelectuais imersos em temas e problemas de seus campos científicos. Mario Schenberg, primeiro físico teórico strcto sensu brasileiro, pode ser considerado o primeiro resultado bem sucedido dessa estratégia de consolidação da hegemonia de um setor da elite local. Por meio da rede científica estabelecida pelo professor italiano Gleb Wataghin, a partir de São Paulo, Schenberg inicia uma trajetória científica fortemente internacionalizada, o que permitiu, por um lado, internalização disposições adaptadas ao jogo do campo científico da Física e, por outro, a acumulação, em poucos anos, um capital científico bastante expressivo para o contexto brasileiro, indicio de um novo tipo de formação científica inexistente no Brasil até então .
The Maxillary Sinus: What the General Dental Team Need to Know Part 2: Removal of Teeth; Avoidance and Management of Complications
Authors: Bell Garmon W , MacLeod Iain , Darcey James C , Campbell Colin 
Published: May 2020

In the second of this 4-part series we will discuss the removal of teeth closely related to the maxillary sinus, with identification and reduction of risk factors for oro-antral communication and the management of complications. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Posterior maxillary teeth can be intimately related to the maxillary sinus. The Dental Team should be able to provide oral healthcare procedures avoiding interference with the normal function of the paranasal air-space, but also need to be able to identify and manage complications when they arise.
The Recognition and Management of Patients who Overdose on Analgesics Secondary to Dental Pain
Authors: Lopez Joshua , Greenwood Mark 
Published: May 2020

Paracetamol, Ibuprofen and Codeine are all analgesics that patients in dental pain often use in an attempt to manage their symptoms. Consequently, cases of analgesic overdose may present to dental practitioners. It is vital that clinicians are able to identify these cases and assess if transfer to an emergency department is required for assessment, investigations and any necessary treatment. Failing to do so could lead to potentially fatal consequences, and the transfer of patients to the emergency department when not warranted results in a delay in dental treatment for patients, with an added strain on emergency department resources. CPD/Clinical Relevance: It has been reported that patients are more likely to overdose unintentionally on analgesics secondary to dental pain more than for any other reason, highlighting the importance of recognizing such cases.
The Role of the General Dental Practitioner in the Management of Mandibular Fractures
Authors: Hans Gurdeep K , Bhola Surina , Ahmad Zahra 
Published: May 2020

Mandibular fractures are a common presentation to emergency departments in hospital. Although the majority of mandibular fractures are treated in secondary care, General Dental Practitioners (GDPs) should have the basic knowledge to be able to support fracture patients in practice, whether that is in an emergency situation, managing associated sequelae, or through post-operative recovery. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article highlights the importance of management of trauma in a primary care setting by GDPs, including pre- and post-operative care of mandibular fractures.
Two Eyes, Two Fingers, Two Minutes: Making It Easier to Recognize and Manage Medical Emergencies in Dental Practice Part 2: Algorithms to Guide Treatment using the M-DEWS2 Tool
Authors: Morse Jerry , Bonsor Stephen J. 
Published: May 2020

In the second of two papers on the recognition and management of potential medical emergencies that may occur in the dental clinic setting, the development of new algorithms to assist in making it easier for members of the dental team to recognize and treat such situations will be discussed. Used in conjunction with the M-DEWS2 scoring sheet as discussed in the first paper, these algorithms cover the eight common medical emergencies that may occur in dental practice.CPD/Clinical Relevance: All members of the dental team require the appropriate skills and knowledge to manage medical emergencies should they occur.
Repair of oesophageal atresia by consultants and supervised trainees results in similar outcomes
Authors: Jones CE , Smyth R , Keys SC , Ron O , Stanton MP , Kitteringham L , Wheeler RA , Hall NJ 
Published: May 2020

Introduction Consultants and trainees require exposure to complex cases for maintaining and gaining operative experience. Oesophageal atresia (OA) repair is a neonatal surgical procedure with indicative numbers for completion of training. A conflict of interest may exist between adequate training, maintaining consultant experience and achieving good outcomes. We aimed to review outcomes of procedures performed primarily by trainees and those performed by consultants. Methods We carried out a retrospective case note review of all consecutive infants who underwent surgical repair of OA with distal tracheooesophageal fistula (TOF) between January 1994 and December 2014 at our institution. Only cases that underwent primary oesophageal anastomosis were included. Surgical outcomes were compared between cases that had a trainee and those that had a consultant listed as the primary operator. Results One hundred and twenty-two cases were included. A total of 52 procedures were performed by trainees, and 68 by consultants. Two cases were undeterminable and excluded. Infant demographics, clinical characteristics and duration of follow-up were similar between groups. All infants survived to discharge. Procedures performed by trainees and those performed by consultants as primary operators had a similar incidence of postoperative pneumothorax (trainees 4, consultants 3; p=0.46), anastomotic leak (trainees 5, consultants 3; p=0.29) and recurrent TOF (trainees 0, consultants 2; p=0.5). Overall 52% of cases had an anastomotic dilatation during follow-up, with no difference between the trainee and consultant groups (50% vs 53%; p=0.85). Conclusions Surgical outcomes for repair of OA/TOF are not adversely affected by trainee operating. Trainees with appropriate skills should perform supervised OA/TOF repair. These data are important for understanding the interrelationship between provision of training and surgical outcomes.
Noise reduction in supercontinuum sources for OCT by single-pulse spectral normalization
Authors: Niemeier Ryan C. , Simmons Zach J. , Rogers Jeremy D. 
Published: May 2020

Supercontinuum (SC) sources offer high illumination power from a single-mode fiber with large spectral bandwidth including the visible spectrum, which is a growing application area for optical coherence tomography (OCT). However, SC spectra suffer from pulse-to-pulse variations, increasing noise in the resulting images. By simultaneously collecting a normalization spectrum, OCT image noise can be reduced by more than half (7 dB) for single pulses without any pulse averaging using only simple optical components.
Wavelength-selective 2  ×  2 optical switch based on a Ge2Sb2Te5-assisted microring
Authors: Zhang Changping , Zhang Ming , Xie Yiwei , Shi Yaocheng , Kumar Rajesh , Panepucci Roberto R. , Dai Daoxin 
Published: May 2020

A novel wavelength-selective

2
×
2

optical switch based on a

Ge

2

Sb

2

Te

5

(GST)-assisted microring-resonator (MRR) is proposed. The present GST-assisted MRR consists of two access optical waveguides and an MRR coupled with a bent GST-loaded silicon photonic waveguide. The

2
×
2

optical switch is switched ON or OFF by modifying the GST state to be crystalline or amorphous. In particular, the microring waveguide and the bent GST-loaded waveguide are designed to satisfy the phase-matching condition when the GST is crystalline. As a result, the MRR becomes highly lossy and the resonance peak is depressed significantly. On the other hand, when it is off, there is little coupling due to the significant phase mismatching. Consequently, one has a low-loss transmission at the drop port for the resonance wavelength. In this paper, the simulation using the three-dimensional finite-difference method shows that the extinction ratio of the designed photonic switch is

∼
20

dB

at the resonance wavelength, while the excess losses at the through port and drop port are 0.9 dB and 2 dB. In particular, the resonance wavelength changes little between the ON and OFF states, which makes it suitable for multichannel wavelength-division-multiplexing systems.
Reflecting on the evolution of tourist and recreational development in the FinnishRussian borderland
Authors: Stepanova Svetlana V. 
Published: May 2020

This article examines the development of tourism and recreation in the Finnish-Russian borderland as a new promising area of regional growth. The unique natural, historical, and cultural resources, and a favourable economic and geographical position are basic prerequisites for the development of tourism in the region. Historically, the barriers of state borders hampered the development of tourism; and tourism was seen as an activity bringing no economic benefits to regions since most Soviet citizens travelled as beneficiaries of social programs. As a result of the socioeconomic transformations in the Russian Federation, the openness of border regions under the influence of integration process taking place in the world community facilitates tourist mobility between neighbouring countries. The article describes an approach that considers the border regions of Northwest Russia as attractive destinations for tourists from neighboring countries. The author presents an approach that interprets cross-border tourist routes as an instrument for the conservation, reproduction, and promotion of natural, cultural, and historical heritage and as a means to boost business activities in border regions. The author analyses statistical and analytical data and does the content analysis of regional strategies for tourism and socioeconomic development. The article explores the practices of tourism and recreation development in a historical perspective and examines the effect of barrier and contact functions of state borders on tourism. The article identifies factors hindering tourism development and suggests measures to stimulate tourism as a regional economic activity.
Effects of aerobic physical activity to cardio-respiratory fitness of the elderly population: systematic overview
Authors: Aksović Nikola , Bjelica Bjelica , Joksimović Marko , Skrypchenko Iryna , Filipović Siniša , Milanović Filip , Pavlović Bojan , Ćorluka Bojan , Pržulj Radomir 
Published: May 2020

Background and Study Aim. Aerobic training is effective manner of exercising aimed at improving cardio-respiratory fitness of young people. However, its effects to the elderly population (over the age of 60), depending on characteristics of the participant (gender, health status, lifestyle, etc.), is still unclear. Aim of this research is systematic overview of the available literature dealing with the topic of effects of aerobic training to cardio-respiratory fitness of the elderly population over the age of 60, depending of gender (male/female), BMI (overweight/normal weight), lifestyle (active/sedentary), health status (diabetes/hypertension/metabolic syndrome).
Material and methods: Total number of papers with published research results which met the criteria was 32. Walking is effective manner of exercising which influences improvement of maximum oxygen consumption (mean value: ±SD:12.91±7.40%). Introduction of activities with greater impact (bicycle and jogging) provides more effect to the cardio-respiratory fitness (mean value: ±SD:14.28±7.48%).
Results: Aerobic training intensity level (moderate vs. high) makes no significant difference to the adaptive response of the cardio-respiratory fitness in elderly population. Training in duration of 6 weeks may significantly influence increase in maximum oxygen consumption, but longer training duration, however, has better effect. Endurance training has similar effects to improvement of cardio-respiratory fitness in both men and women. On the other hand, it seems that active people have lower adaptive response in comparison to sedentary people (8.3% vs. 18.84%). Effect is similar between overweight and normal weight participants (18.48% vs. 8.6%). Positive influence of aerobic training was also observed in participants with hypertension, metabolic system and diabetes type 2.
Conclusion: Results clearly suggest benefits of aerobic training on cardio-respiratory fitness of elderly population. The effect may, however, vary depending of duration, type of activity, as well as characteristics of the sample.
The effect of exercise on homocysteine and some blood parameters in middle-aged sedentary individuals
Authors: Çelik Nuri M. , Soyal Mehmet 
Published: May 2020

Background and Study Aim. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of exercise on the blood levels of homocysteine, hemoglobin and hematocrit in middle-aged sedentary individuals.
Material and Methods. A total of 24 middle-aged (35-55 years) sedentary individuals (12 females and 12 males) living in Batman province voluntarily participated in this study. Body weight, body mass index, Homocysteine, Hemoglobin and Hematocrit blood levels were measured before and after a walking exercise scheduled for 6 weeks. Walking exercise was administered 4 days a week for the 6 weeks. Initially, the walking exercises started as 40 min and increased to 60 min towards the end of the program. In the exercises, walking tempo was kept higher than normal and in parallel to the overall health levels of the subjects. The data obtained were then analyzed through the SPSS 25.00 package program.
Results. It was determined that there were statistically significant differences in the pretest and posttest parameters of body weight, body mass index, and Homocysteine values. Additionally, it was determined that, after the 6-week exercise program applied to the female and male participants, there were statistically significant differences between the pretest and posttest parameters of body weight, body mass index, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and homocysteine blood levels.
Conclusions. As the conclusion, it was determined that, after the 6-week exercise program applied to a total of 24 participants (12 females and 12 males), there were statistically significant changes in the values of body weight, body mass index, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and homocysteine blood levels. It is suggested for further studies to apply nutrition programs and exercise protocols on young people regularly doing exercise and active athletes in different branches in order to contribute to sports science.
Revisión de la literatura sobre la violencia y sus implicaciones en la formación en enfermería
Authors: Maffissoni André Lucas , Sanes Marina da Silva , Oliveira Saionara Nunes de , Martini Jussara Gue , Lino Monica Motta 
Published: May 2020

Introducción: La violencia es un fenómeno social complejo, que se manifiesta en varios sectores de la sociedad contemporánea. Los actos violentos están presentes en los procesos de formación en diferentes áreas del conocimiento, como el pregrado en enfermería. Objetivo: Identificar la forma en que se presenta la violencia en el pregrado de enfermería y las posibles implicaciones para la formación de los estudiantes. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión integradora en la biblioteca virtual SciELO® , las bases de datos ERIC®, LILACS®, Web of Science®, MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, Scopus® y Google Académico®, con la que se recuperaron 21 documentos para el período entre 2014 y 2018. Resultados: El análisis permitió organizar los resultados en cuatro categorías: caracterización de estudios y autores; comprensión y naturaleza de la violencia; espacios en los que ocurre la violencia y los principales perpetradores; y las consecuencias generadas por la violencia y las acciones para enfrentar el fenómeno. Discusión: Los actos violentos afectan las condiciones de vida de los involucrados, impactan negativamente el desarrollo de habilidades relacionadas con la interacción interpersonal y generan debilidades en la formación de futuros enfermeros. Conclusiones: La violencia es un fenómeno constante en el contexto del pregrado en enfermería, para lo que es necesario promover el fortalecimiento de una cultura de paz en este entorno.
Como citar este artículo: Maffissoni, André Lucas; Sanes, Marina da Silva; Oliveira, Saionara Nunes; Martini, Jussara Gue; Lino, Monica Motta. Violência e suas implicações na formação em enfermagem: revisão da literatura. Revista Cuidarte. 2020; 11(2): e1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.1064
Condiciones laborales, salud y calidad de vida en conductores
Authors: Sepúlveda Guerra Elena Belén , Valenzuela Suazo Sandra Verónica , Rodríguez Campo Varinia Alejandra 
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Conocer las condiciones laborales, salud y calidad de vida de los trabajadores que se dedican al rubro de la conducción. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó revisión integrativa en las bases de datos Medline/PUBMED, BVS, WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, referente a artículos publicados desde el año 2010 a 2019, en relación a la temática de salud, condiciones laborales y calidad de vida de trabajadores que se desempeñan en el área de la conducción, siguiendo los lineamientos planteados según Ganong. Resultados: 29 estudios cumplieron con los criterios seleccionados, los cuales fueron realizados en población trabajadora del ámbito de locomoción colectiva como buses, taxis, motocicletas y en el área de transportes, como camiones. Discusión: La realidad que experimentan estos trabajadores crea consciencia y abre un espacio para implementar políticas de salud que busquen su bienestar, y a la vez es una puerta de entrada a crear conocimiento sobre la necesidad de estudiar a este grupo poblacional. Conclusiones: La calidad de vida y las condiciones laborales de estos conductores, en su mayoría es deficiente y esto los afecta de manera negativa en distintos ámbitos. Por otra parte, la salud de este grupo de trabajadores se ve perjudicada por las condiciones en el trabajo que muchos de ellos puedan tener, así mismo la mayoría carece de buenas prácticas de salud, teniendo hábitos poco saludables, que se relacionan directamente con la labor que realizan.
Como citar este artículo: Sepúlveda Guerra Elena Belén, Valenzuela Suazo Sandra Verónica, Rodríguez Campo Varinia Alejandra. Condiciones laborales, salud y calidad de vida en conductores. Revista Cuidarte. 2020; 11(2): e1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.1083