bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermally resistant, mechanically stable, and processable triphenylamine‐based hyperbranched copolyimides
Authors: Khalid Naila , Siddiqi Humaira Masood , Park O OK 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA trifunctional, triamine 4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)‐4′,4′′‐diamino triphenylamine (A) was successfully synthesized by N‐arylation in the presence of cesium fluoride, followed by catalytic reduction. A series of aromatic tree‐shaped hyperbranched copolyimides (HBPIs, 1–4) was fruitfully synthesized by one‐pot polycondensation of a newly synthesized triamine monomer (A), difunctional monomer 4,4′‐dianiline, 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA) and a series of aromatic dianhydride monomers. The appropriate molar ratio of triamine, ODA to the dianhydride monomer B is 1:1:2.5 for HBPIs synthesis using the A2 A3 B5 type copolymerization approach. The synthesized HBPIs exhibited a moderate number‐average molecular weight (25,700–28,400 g/mol) and polydispersity in the range 2.6–3.0 as revealed by gel permeation chromatography measurement. The oxidative thermal degradation analyses of the HBPIs showed that the synthesized materials are thermally stable up to 500°C and glass transition temperature in the range 290–302°C. The elongation at break was found in the range 4.8%–8.1% as revealed by tensile measurement. Besides, good thermal stability the HBPIs exhibited excellent flow, appreciable organosolubility, easy processability, and noticeable mechanical stability, thus suggesting their use as thermally resistant, protective coatings for various devices and outdoor environment in the future.
Resection and survival data from a clinical trial of glioblastoma multiforme‐specific IRDye800‐BBN fluorescence‐guided surgery
Authors: He Kunshan , Chi Chongwei , Li Deling , Zhang Jingjing , Niu Gang , Lv Fangqiao , Wang Junmei , Che Wenqiang , Zhang Liwei , Ji Nan , Zhu Zhaohui , Tian Jie , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSupra‐maximum surgical tumor resection without neurological damage is highly valuable for treatment and prognosis of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). We developed a GBM‐specific fluorescence probe using IRDye800CW (peak absorption/emission, 778/795 nm) and bombesin (BBN), which (IRDye800‐BBN) targets the gastrin‐releasing peptide receptor, and evaluated the image‐guided resection efficiency, sensitivity, specificity, and survivability. Twenty‐nine patients with newly diagnosed GBM were enrolled. Sixteen hours preoperatively, IRDye800‐BBN (1 mg in 20 ml sterile water) was intravenously administered. A customized fluorescence surgical navigation system was used intraoperatively. Postoperatively, enhanced magnetic resonance images were used to assess the residual tumor volume, calculate the resection extent, and confirm whether complete resection was achieved. Tumor tissues and nonfluorescent brain tissue in adjacent noneloquent boundary areas were harvested and assessed for diagnostic accuracy. Complete resection was achieved in 82.76% of patients. The median extent of resection was 100% (range, 90.6–100%). Eighty‐nine samples were harvested, including 70 fluorescence‐positive and 19 fluorescence‐negative samples. The sensitivity and specificity of IRDye800‐BBN were 94.44% (95% CI, 85.65–98.21%) and 88.24% (95% CI, 62.25–97.94%), respectively. Twenty‐five patients were followed up (median, 13.5 [3.1–36.0] months), and 14 had died. The mean preoperative and immediate and 6‐month postoperative Karnofsky performance scores were 77.9 ± 11.8, 71.3 ± 19.2, and 82.6 ± 14.7, respectively. The median overall and progression‐free survival were 23.1 and 14.1 months, respectively. In conclusion, GBM‐specific fluorescent IRDye800‐BBN can help neurosurgeons identify the tumor boundary with sensitivity and specificity, and may improve survival outcomes.
Nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapies: An innovative strategy
Authors: Nasirmoghadas Pourya , Mousakhani Akbar , Behzad Farahnaz , Beheshtkhoo Nasrin , Hassanzadeh Ali , Nikoo Marzieh , Mehrabi Mohsen , Kouhbanani Mohammad Amin Jadidi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCancer has been one of the most significant causes of mortality, worldwide. Cancer immunotherapy has recently emerged as a competent, cancer‐fighting clinical strategy. Nevertheless, due to the difficulty of such treatments, costs, and off‐target adverse effects, the implementation of cancer immunotherapy described by the antigen‐presenting cell (APC) vaccine and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy ex vivo in large clinical trials have been limited. Nowadays, the nanoparticles theranostic system as a promising target‐based modality provides new opportunities to improve cancer immunotherapy difficulties and reduce their adverse effects. Meanwhile, the appropriate engineering of nanoparticles taking into consideration nanoparticle characteristics, such as, size, shape, and surface features, as well as the use of these physicochemical properties for suitable biological interactions, provides new possibilities for the application of nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy. In this review article, we focus on the latest state‐of‐the‐art nanoparticle‐based antigen/adjuvant delivery vehicle strategies to professional APCs and engineering specific T lymphocyte required for improving the efficiency of tumor‐specific immunotherapy.
Process intensification connects scales and disciplines towards sustainability
Authors: Boffito Daria C. , Fernandez Rivas David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProcess intensification (PI) has been established as a cluster of technologies able to produce more with less. While scientists around the globe advocate for new semantics that are increasingly tied to the notion of sustainability, what does the literature data say about PI? A Vosviewer bibliometric map of PI displays it as closely linked to the subjects of design, optimization, gas‐to‐liquid technologies, mass transfer, catalysis, and kinetics. We analyze the relationship between PI and these subjects while identifying misconceptions about the intensifying potential of some of them, as is the case for process optimization. We provide examples and summarize the recent technological trends for all these cases. Finally, we provide an outlook on the future of PI in which we identify elements that will be key to accelerate the adoption of PI technologies at the commercial scale.
Dual Palladium/Scandium Catalysis toward Rotationally Hindered C3‐Naphthylated Indoles from β‐Alkynyl Ketones and o‐Alkynyl Anilines
Authors: Wang Dan , Wang Shi‐Chao , Hao Wen‐Juan , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Jiang Bo 
Published: August 2020

Main observation and conclusionA new dual palladium/scandium catalysis starting from β‐alkynyl ketones and o‐alkynyl anilines is reported for the first time, leading to the atom‐economic synthesis of rotationally hindered C3‐naphthylated indoles in moderate to good yields and high regioselectivity. This method can tolerate normal air conditions, and features the use of palladium/scandium cooperative catalysts without any ligand, facile double annulation involving various internal alkynes, and good functional group tolerance.
Identifying the moral–practical gaps in corporate social responsibility missions of Vietnamese firms: An event‐based analysis of sustainability feasibility
Authors: Vuong Quan‐Hoang , La Viet‐Phuong , Nguyen Hong‐Kong T. , Ho Manh‐Tung , Vuong Thu‐Trang , Ho Manh‐Toan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis research aims to improve stakeholder engagement, particularly local businesses, in addressing environmental problems and taking on both ecological conservation and social responsibilities. A structured dataset was built to track all major environment‐related events in Vietnam. Findings, which were extracted from 344 news reports and 75 environmental events, highlight the lack of participation on Vietnamese businesses in sustainable development, with existing corporate activities still driven by practical concerns, that is, profitability. Notably, a minimum of one governmental agency was involved in 82.6% of the events categorized as environmentally damaging, with investigative or administrative tasks being their dominant role. Going forward, there is a need for systematic information collection and public disclosure on business and government involvements in environmental events. Given that Vietnam is expected to be hard hit by climate change, a better understanding of corporate sustainability issues would be beneficial to both the firms and society in the long run.
Systematic analysis of disease‐specific immunological signatures in patients with febrile illness from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Kam Yiu‐Wing , Ahmed Mohamed Yousif , Amrun Siti Naqiah , Lee Bernett , Refaie Tarik , Elgizouli Kamla , Fong Siew‐Wai , Renia Laurent , Ng Lisa FP 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesLittle is known about the prevalence of febrile illness in the Arabian region as clinical, laboratory and immunological profiling remains largely uncharacterised.MethodsA total of 2018 febrile patients from Jazan, Saudi Arabia, were recruited between 2014 and 2017. Patients were screened for dengue and chikungunya virus, Plasmodium, Brucella, Neisseria meningitidis, group A streptococcus and Leptospira. Clinical history and biochemical parameters from blood tests were collected. Patient sera of selected disease‐confirmed infections were quantified for immune mediators by multiplex microbead‐based immunoassays.ResultsApproximately 20% of febrile patients were tested positive for one of the pathogens, and they presented overlapping clinical and laboratory parameters. Nonetheless, eight disease‐specific immune mediators were identified as potential biomarkers for dengue (MIP‐1α, MCP‐1), malaria (TNF‐α), streptococcal and meningococcal (eotaxin, GRO‐α, RANTES, SDF‐1α and PIGF‐1) infections, with high specificity and sensitivity profiles. Notably, based on the conditional inference model, six of these mediators (MIP‐1α, TNF‐α, GRO‐α, RANTES, SDF‐1α and PIGF‐1) were revealed to be 68.4% accurate in diagnosing different febrile infections, including those of unknown diseases.ConclusionsThis study is the first extensive characterisation of the clinical analysis and immune biomarkers of several clinically important febrile infections in Saudi Arabia. Importantly, an immune signature with robust accuracy, specificity and sensitivity in differentiating several febrile infections was identified, providing useful insights into patient disease management in the Arabian Peninsula.
Complications of neurotoxins used in cosmetic surgery
Authors: Zito Patrick M. , Glick Brad P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBotulinum toxin type A injectables have been increasingly used for over 20 years in cosmetic surgery and medicinal purposes. The uses in cosmetic and dermatologic surgery have increased in numbers treated per year and areas of the body treated as well. However, with expanded use in the field of cosmetic surgery, various complications may arise depending on the anatomy, dilution, patient factors, and skills of the injector. This article discusses the complications of botulinum neurotoxins used in cosmetic surgery.
Effects of Esterified Maltodextrin on In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestibility of Tween 80‐Stabilized Oil‐in‐water Emulsion
Authors: Udomrati Sunsanee , Pantoa Thidarat , Gohtani Shoichi , Nakajima Mitsutoshi , Uemura Kunihiko , Kobayashi Isao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAmphiphilic esterified maltodextrin palmitate (DE9_P) is synthesized using an enzyme‐catalyzed reaction and exhibits both emulsifying and stabilizing activity. Native maltodextrin with a dextrose equivalent of nine (DE9) and DE9_P are applied in Tween 80‐stabilized oil‐in‐water emulsions. The effects of different DE9/DE9_P concentrations (10–50% w/w) on in vitro gastrointestinal digestibility of the Tween 80‐stabilized emulsions are investigated. After complete digestion, at a low DE9/DE9_P concentration (10% w/w), the released free fatty acid (FFA) content of the Tween 80‐stabilized emulsion containing DE9_P (13%) is much lower than that of the emulsion containing DE9 (33%) because of the synergistic Tween 80 and DE9_P stabilization layer. As the concentration increases to 30% w/w, the released FFA content increases for both systems containing DE9 and DE9_P. However, the emulsion system with DE9_P still has a lower content of released FFA than for DE9. Further increasing the concentration to 50% w/w results in a clear decrease in the released FFA content for both emulsions because the highly viscous continuous phase may cause less digestive reaction. The oil‐water interfacial stabilization layer and the viscosity of the intestinal digested system may be important factors in the enhancement or inhibition of lipid digestion.Practical Applications: The application of the potential ingredients at suitable concentrations enables the design and control of lipid digestibility and the texture of products to satisfy consumers’ needs. DE9_P may be an attractive alternative ingredient for emulsified foods because it can function both via synergistic emulsion stabilization with Tween 80 and via modification of textural characteristics as a stabilizer. Moreover, DE9_P has greater efficacy than DE9 in the inhibition of lipid digestibility of Tween 80‐stabilized oil‐in‐water emulsions.
Analysis of the mechanical and physicochemical properties of Ti‐6Al‐4 V discs obtained by selective laser melting and subtractive manufacturing method
Authors: da Costa Valente Mariana Lima , de Oliveira Thaísa Theodoro , Kreve Simone , Batalha Rodolfo Lisboa , de Oliveira Diego Pedreira , Pauly Simon , Bolfarini Claudemiro , Bachmann Luciano , dos Reis Andréa Cândido 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe surface properties of titanium and its alloys are commonly modified by different techniques, including additive manufacturing (AM), to improve the osseointegration of dental implants. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the wettability, topography, chemistry, and structure of titanium‐aluminum‐vanadium (Ti‐6Al‐4 V) discs fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) and subtractive manufacturing (conventional machining). Three different groups were evaluated: selective laser melting (SLM); conventional machining with H3PO4 + NaOH surface treatment (CM + ST); and conventional machining without surface treatment (CM), including analysis of wettability and roughness, morphological and chemical analyses by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and structural characterization analysis by computed tomography (micro‐CT), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that SLM surface had higher roughness (9.09 ± 1.94 Ra; 51.93 ± 11.59 Rz; 11.03 ± 1.95 Sa) and lower wettability (103.23° ± 13) than CM (0.06 ± 0.01 Ra; 0.42 ± 0.078 Rz; 0.07 ± 0.01 Sa) (76.95° ± 4.18) and CM + ST (0.17 ± 0.38 Ra; 0.88 ± 0.15 Rz; 0.18 ± 0.04 Sa) (18.55° ± 6.47) (p < 0.05). SEM images also proved the higher roughness of SLM surface, and CM + ST discs showed a topography resembling a sponge, characteristic of the nanometric treatment applied. EDX and XRD found no differences between the different surfaces, and micro‐CT demonstrated the solid characteristic of the SLM disc. Compared with conventional machining, the SLM technique resulted in higher roughness and lower wettability. Meanwhile, the chemical properties and structure of the titanium alloy was not altered by the technique.
Regulation of RNA degradation pathways during the lipopolysaccharide response in Macrophages
Authors: Lai Hui-Chi , James Alexander , Luff John , De Souza Paul , Quek Hazel , Ho Uda , Lavin Martin F , Roberts Tara L 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The innate immune response to LPS is highly dynamic yet tightly regulated. The majority of studies of gene expression have focussed on transcription. However, it is also important to understand how post-transcriptional pathways are regulated in response to inflammatory stimuli as the rate of RNA degradation relative to new transcription is important for overall expression. RNA decay pathways include nonsense-mediated decay, the RNA decay exosome, P-body localized deadenylation, decapping and degradation, and AU-rich element targeted decay mediated by tristetraprolin. Here, bone marrow-derived Mϕs were treated with LPS over a time course of 0, 2, 6, and 24 h and the transcriptional profiles were analyzed by RNA sequencing. The data show that components of RNA degradation pathways are regulated during an LPS response. Processing body associated decapping enzyme DCP2 and regulatory subunit DCP1A, and 5′ exonuclease XRN1 and sequence specific RNA decay pathways were upregulated. Nonsense mediated decay was also increased in response to LPS induced signaling, initially by increased activation and at later timepoints at the mRNA and protein levels. This leads to increased nonsense mediated decay efficiency across the 24 h following LPS treatment. These findings suggest that LPS activation of Mϕs results in targeted regulation of RNA degradation pathways in order to change how subsets of mRNAs are degraded during an inflammatory response.
The adaptive immune response toClostridioides difficile: A tricky balance between immunoprotection and immunopathogenesis
Authors: Hernández Del Pino Rodrigo Emanuel , Barbero Angela María , Español Laureano Ángel , Morro Lorenzo Sebastián , Pasquinelli Virginia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractClostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is the major cause of hospital-acquired gastrointestinal infections in individuals following antibiotics treatment. The pathogenesis of C. difficile infection (CDI) is mediated mainly by the production of toxins that induce tissue damage and host inflammatory responses. While innate immunity is well characterized in human and animal models of CDI, adaptive immune responses remain poorly understood. In this review, the current understanding of adaptive immunity is summarized and its influence on pathogenesis and disease outcome is discussed. The perspectives on what we believe to be the main pending questions and the focus of future research are also provided. There is no doubt that the innate immune response provides a first line of defense to CDI. But, is the adaptive immune response a friend or a foe? Probably it depends on the course of the disease. Adaptive immunity is essential for pathogen eradication, but may also trigger uncontrolled or pathological inflammation. Most of the understanding of the role of T cells is based on findings from experimental models. While they are a very valuable tool for research studies, more studies in human are needed to translate these findings into human disease. Another main challenge is to unravel the role of the different T cell populations on protection or induction of immunopathogenesis.
Projected changes in precipitation and temperature regimes and extremes over the Caribbean and Central America using a multiparameter ensemble of RegCM4
Authors: Vichot‐Llano Alejandro , Martinez‐Castro Daniel , Bezanilla‐Morlot Arnoldo , Centella‐Artola Abel , Giorgi Filippo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRegional climate projections are developed four Central America and the Caribbean, based on a multiparameter ensemble formed by four configurations with different convective cumulus schemes with the regional model RegCM4 at 25 km grid spacing, driven by the HadGEM2‐ES global model under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The precipitation change projections indicate drier conditions compared to present in the near future (2020–2049) and far future (2070–2099) time slices. These drier conditions are statistically significant at the 90% confidence level over the eastern Caribbean, central Atlantic Ocean, and the western Pacific Ocean and are more pronounced in the far future time slice. For temperature, the warmer conditions are statistically significant at the 95% confidence level over the study region. The drier and warmer signals are greater in extension and magnitude in the RCP8.5 than for RCP4.5. Projected changes in precipitation and temperature extreme indices show a reduction of consecutive wet days and an increment of consecutive dry days, with a reduction of cold days and nights and an increase of warm days and nights. Lower precipitation along with increased intensity of extreme events are projected over the Greatest Antilles region.
Nutrition and Micronutrient Therapy in Critical Illness Should Be Individualized
Authors: Berger Mette M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCritically ill (intensive care unit [ICU]) patients are characterized by organ failure, intense inflammatory response, insulin resistance, and altered metabolic response. The sicker the patient, the higher the threat to nutrition and micronutrient status. In addition, many patients start the ICU stay with an altered nutrition status, which requires assessment upon admission. Nutrition needs vary among patients as well as during hospitalization, as the metabolic response changes over time. Shock and acute organ failure result in a metabolic shift toward intense catabolism: endogenous glucose production aiming at ensuring the basal adenosine triphosphate production starts immediately and occurs at the expense of the lean body mass using amino acids for neoglucogenesis. Later, the stabilization and recovery phases are characterized by higher energy and substrate needs. Indirect calorimetry is the only tool enabling determination of the metabolic level. When and how should feeding be started? Recent research shows that the route does not matter much, with equipoise between enteral and parenteral nutrition (PN) as long as overfeeding is avoided. As micronutrients are an integral part of metabolism and antioxidant defenses, their delivery must be ensured: whereas needs are well defined for healthy individuals, needs for illness remain poorly defined. PN that contains only macrosubstrates requires the daily prescription of multimicronutrient complements to qualify as total PN. Achievement of goals requires minimal monitoring, consisting of the daily verification of energy and protein goal delivery achievement and daily follow‐up determining blood glucose and phosphate levels and insulin requirements.
Influence of a Low‐Carbohydrate High‐Fat Diet on Peritoneal Inflammation, Cancer‐Associated Lymphocytes, and Survival in a Murine Carcinomatous Peritonitis Model
Authors: Watkins Ayako , Fukatsu Kazuhiko , Higashizono Kazuya , Watanabe Tomoki , Noguchi Midori , Tominaga Eiji , Murakoshi Satoshi , Yasuhara Hiroshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundLow‐carbohydrate high‐fat diets (LCHFDs) are thought to be beneficial for metabolic support in patients with advanced cancer. However, whether LCHFDs affect the progression of carcinomatous peritonitis (CP) remains unclear. Our study examined the influence of a lard‐based LCHFD on host immunity and survival in a murine CP model.MethodsMice were fed either a normal diet (ND) or an LCHFD ad libitum. On day 7, Panc02 cancer cells were inoculated intraperitoneally. Mice were killed on days 7, 21, and 35, and cytokine levels in the peritoneal fluid, as well as the number and phenotypes of peritoneal, splenic, and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes were measured. Survival studies were performed with both ad libitum and isocaloric feeding in other sets of mice.ResultsThe levels of all cytokines significantly increased in the LCHFD group compared with those in the ND group on day 21. The tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin‐10 levels were higher in the LCHFD group than in the ND group on day 35. In the LCHFD group, the regulatory T‐cell (Treg) number was significantly higher in the peritoneal cavity and tumor. The survival times were worse in the LCHFD group than in the ND group.ConclusionThe ad libitum, lard‐based LCHFD feeding of CP mice increases the peritoneal cytokine levels, which may reduce splenic, anticancer lymphocytes and increase the number of Tregs in the peritoneal cavity and tumor. The detrimental effects of LCHFD are linked to dietary composition rather than overfeeding.