bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymphatic filariasis in the Southeast Asian region; status and control options
Authors: Chandrasena Nilmini T.G.A. , Premaratna Ranjan , Mallawarachchi Chandana H. , Gunaratna Dinesh G.A.M. , de Nilanthi R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) was launched in year 2000 by the World Health Organization (WHO) with the goal set for elimination by 2020. Over half the global disease burden lies in the Southeast Asian region (SEAR). The preventive chemotherapy (PC) programme has been initiated in all the WHO SEAR member states with varying levels of progress. Maldives, Sri Lanka and Thailand have achieved the goal of elimination as a public health problem (EPHP) within the stipulated period with Bangladesh working towards validation in 2021. Both Sri Lanka and Thailand are continuing with post-validation surveillance combined with selective treatment, striving for zero transmission in-parallel with the morbidity management and disability prevention program (MMDP). Timor-Leste appears close to reaching critical transmission thresholds with 100% coverage and triple therapy in the last round of PC. Data on MMDP activities are insufficient to comment on reaching EPHP status. PC coverage and country reports indicate on-going transmission in Nepal, Myanmar, Indonesia and India requiring further rounds of PC. The PELF has made considerable progress in the SEAR towards elimination but there still remain significant transmission and disease burden in the highly populated countries in SEAR.
Electronic structure and transport properties of coupled CdS/ZnSe quantum dots
Authors: Liebing Simon , Hahn Torsten , Kortus Jens , Das Bidisa , Chakraborty Arup , Dasgupta Indra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Electronic structure and transport characteristics of coupled CdS and ZnSe quantum dots are studied using density functional theory and non equilibrium Greens function method respectively. Our investigations show that in these novel coupled dots, the Frontier occupied and unoccupied molecular orbitals are spatially located in two different parts, thereby indicating the possibility of asymmetry in electronic transport. We have calculated electronic transport through the coupled quantum dot by varying the coupling strength between the individual quantum dots in the limits of weak and strong coupling. Calculations reveal asymmetric current vs voltage curves in both the limits indicating the rectifying properties of the coupled quantum dots. Additionally we discuss the possibility to tune the switching behavior of the coupled dots by different gate geometries.
High-performance coaxial piezoelectric energy generator (C-PEG) yarn of Cu/PVDF-TrFE/PDMS/Nylon/Ag
Authors: Kim Jung Hyuk , Kim Bosung , Kim Sang-Woo , Kang Hyun Wook , Park Min-Chul , Park Dong Hee , Ju Byeong Kwon , Choi Won Kook 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Coaxial type piezoelectric energy generator (C-PEG) nanofiber was fabricated by a self-designed continuous electrospinning deposition system. Piezoelectric PVDF-TrFE nanofiber as an electroactive material was electrospun at a discharge voltage of 9–12 kV onto a simultaneously rotating and transverse moving Cu metal wire at an angular velocity of ω
g = 60–120 RPM. The piezoelectric coefficient d33 of the PVDF-TrFE nanofiber was approximately −20 pm V−1. The generated output voltage (V
G) increased according to the relationship exp(-α
P) (α = 0.41– 0.57) as the pressure (P) increased from 30 to 500 kpa. The V
G values for ten and twenty pieces of C-PEG were V
G = 3.9 V and 9.5 V at P = 100 kpa, respectively, relatively high output voltages compared to previously reported values. The high V
G for the C-PEG stems from the fact that it can generate a fairly high V
G due to the increased number of voltage collection points compared to a conventional two-dimensional (2-dim) capacitor type of piezoelectric film or fiber device. C-PEG yarn was also fabricated via the dip-coating of a PDMS polymer solution, followed by winding with Ag-coated nylon fiber as an outer electrode. The current and power density of ten pieces of C-PEG yarn were correspondingly 22 nA cm−2 and 8.6 μW cm−3 at V
G = 1.97 V, higher than previously reported values of 5.54 and 6 μW cm−3. The C-PEG yarn, which can generate high voltage compared to the conventional film/nanofiber mat type, is expected to be very useful as a wearable energy generator system.
Hybrid structure of PbS QDs and vertically-few-layer MoS2 nanosheets array for broadband photodetector
Authors: Zhang Kun , Feng Shuanglong , Kang Shuai , Wu Yutong , Zhang Miaomiao , Wang Qingshan , Tao Zhiyong , Fan Yaxian , Lu Wenqiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A novel three-dimensional (3D) vertically-few-layer MoS2 (V-MoS2) nanosheets- zero-dimensional PbS quantum dots (QDs) hybrid structure based broadband photodetector was fabricated, and its photoelectric performance was investigated in detail. We synthesized the V-MoS2 nanosheets by chemical vapor deposition, using the TiO2 layer as the induced layer, and proposed a possible growth mechanism. The use of the TiO2 induction layer successfully changed the growth direction of MoS2 from parallel to vertical. The prepared V-MoS2 nanosheets have a large specific surface area, abundantly exposed edges and excellent light absorption capacity. The V-MoS2 nanosheets detector was then fabricated and investigated, which exhibits a high sensitivity for 635 nm light, a fast response time and an excellent photoelectric response. The V-MoS2 nanosheets with a height of approximately 1 μm successfully broke the light absorption limit caused by the atomic thickness. Finally, we fabricated the PbS QDs/V-MoS2 nanosheets hybrid detector and demonstrated their potential for high-performance broadband photodetectors. The response wavelength of the hybrid detector extends from the visible band to the near-infrared band. The responsivity of the hybrid detector reaches 1.46 A W−1 under 1450 nm illumination. The combination of 3D MoS2 nanosheets and QDs further improves the performance of MoS2-based photodetector devices. We believe that the proposed zero-dimensional QDs and 3D vertical nanosheets hybrid structure broadband photodetector provides a promising way for the next-generation optoelectronic devices.
Critical role of the bending stiffness of the monolayer black phosphorus in its mechanical behaviors: molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Hao Peng , Zhao Demin , Luan Yalin , Liu Jianlin , Wang Qing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) is a novel two-dimensional nanostructure with wide potential applications in such areas as nanoresonators and nanosensors. In this study, we concentrate on the role of the bending stiffness of the BP monolayer in its mechanical performances, including tension, compression, buckling and bending. Firstly, the stress–strain curve and Young’s modulus of the single layer black phosphorus (SLBP) nanoribbon with different chiral structures are obtained in the tension process via the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Next, the loading behavior of the SLBP nanoribbon during compression is simulated via MD. It was found that the bending stiffness of the nanoribbon has an essential effect on its postbuckling behaviors, and an empirical formula is proposed which can accurately depict the postbuckling process. Eventually, the bending properties of chiral SLBP nanoribbons are explored via the MD simulation, and the modified expression of the bending stiffness can better predict its large deflection. These findings are beneficial for us to fully understand mechanical responses of BP, which hold implications in engineering new materials and devices at nanoscale.
Photonic crystal enabled manipulation of optical and electric field in germanium avalanche photodetectors
Authors: Song Jinwen , Yuan Shuai , Cui Chengcong , Li Yi , Zeng Cheng , Xia Jinsong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We demonstrate the use of a photonic crystal (PhC) structure to improve the performance of a germanium avalanche photodetector (APD) by simultaneously manipulating the distribution of the optical and electric fields. The PhC is fabricated at the top center of the vertical germanium APD. For a 14 μm diameter device, the 1550 nm responsivity increases from 0.2 to 0.6 A W−1 at unity gain, owing to the resonance-enhanced absorption. Moreover, the structure separates the absorption and multiplication regions of the device, resulting in an increase of the avalanche gain and the gain-bandwidth product. Under −10 dBm input optical power, a 3 dB bandwidth of 34 GHz before avalanche and a clear 40 Gbps eye diagram under avalanche demonstrates good high-speed performance of the device.
Diagnostics and comparative analyzes of plasma parameters in micro hollow cathode discharges with an open and covered external surface of cathode in helium using an additional electrode
Authors: Saifutdinov A I , Sysoev S S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this work, diagnostics and comparative analysis of microhollow cathode discharges with an open and covered external surface of the cathode in helium at atmospheric pressure were carried out. It is shown that by covering the external surface of the cathode, it is possible to achieve the effect when the current–voltage characteristics of the discharge grows in a wider range of discharge currents. Obviously, in this case, the negative glow (NG) plasma of the hollow cathode occupies a significant part of the discharge cell, as evidenced by the measurements carried out with the additional electrode. The electron temperature values determined from the I–U characteristic of the additional electrode are 0.3–0.4 eV for a microhollow cathode discharge with a covered external surface, which indicates that the plasma of such discharge is similar to NG plasma of glow discharge. The fast parts of the second derivatives of the I–U characteristic of the additional measuring electrode demonstrate the detection of the spectra of fast electrons produced as a result of Penning ionization reactions. Moreover, by covering the external surface of the cathode, conditions are created under which the entire discharge volume is occupied by a NG plasma, which makes it possible to achieve a better resolution for recording the spectra of fast electrons.
Critical bending and shape memory effect in magnetoactive elastomers
Authors: Kalita V M , Dzhezherya Yu I , Cherepov S V , Skirta Yu B , Bodnaruk A V , Levchenko G G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The results of a study of magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs) consisting of an elastomer matrix with embedded ferromagnetic particles are presented. A continuous critical bending induced by the magnetic field, characterized by a critical exponent for the bending magnitude, and the derivative of which has a singularity in the critical region is reported for the first time. The mechanical stability loss and the symmetry reduction of the magnetic state, which are interrelated with each other, take place at the critical point. The magnetization in the high-symmetric state (below the critical point) is directed along the magnetic field and the torque is absent. Above the critical point, the magnetization and the magnetic field are noncollinear and there arises a torque, which is self-consistent with the bending. The magnetic field dependence of the MAE bending was found to have a hysteresis, which is associated with the magneto-rheological effect. The shape memory effect was also obtained for the MAE bending in a cycle consisting of magnetization, cooling (at H ≠ 0), and heating (at H = 0). The influence of the critical glass transition temperature of the matrix, as well as its melting/solidification temperature, on the magnetic shape memory effect was studied.
A new approach to develop, characterise and model actuating textiles
Authors: Kongahage Dharshika , Spinks Geoffrey M , Richards Christopher J , Shepherd David J , Foroughi Javad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Smart materials are capable of recognising environmental stimuli, processing the information arising from the stimuli, and responding to it in an appropriate manner. It is well known that smart textiles provide some interesting possibilities in this regard. Consequently, smart textiles based on artificial muscles polymer actuators will provide a breakthrough to many areas including soft robotics, prosthetics, and healthcare for the benefit of humankind. Therefore, it is a worthy attempt to work on artificial muscle designs to aid them in applications. This paper presents the effect of fibre arrangement within a material structure for force and stroke generation. A method of fabrication, characterisation of actuating textiles was presented with experimental results. Most importantly, a modelling was carried out to develop equations to calculate the force and stroke of actuating textiles which has not been reported to date. A reasonable agreement was found between calculated and measured force/stroke curves of both woven and knitted textiles. The woven textile exhibited a force enhancement directly proportional to the number of actuators while retaining the same strain of the single actuator. Nonetheless, the force and strain of knitted textile were highly dependent on the number of wales and courses per unit length. The fabricated knitted textile showed a lesser strain than the single actuator with a force amplification. However, the performance parameters of as fabricated knitted textiles were higher than the fabricated woven textile. Finally a practical applications, process for bulk manufacturing of silicone coated actuators was proposed to enable them in commercialised products and long length production. This study will enable developers to select the fibre architectures and suitable actuators to suit a particular end requirement.
Power–bandwidth–voltage interaction in piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters with constrained load voltage
Authors: Zhao Sheng , Radhakrishna Ujwal , Lang Jeffrey H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper analyzes the power–bandwidth–voltage interaction in a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester (PVEH) system, specifically accounting for the operating voltage constraint imposed by the interface power electronics (PE). The analysis is sufficiently generic to apply to different linear PVEHs with their interface PE. The power–bandwidth–voltage relation derived here outlines the best possible PVEH system performance when the PVEH-PE interface voltage is constrained, as is often the case in IoT applications. Alternatively, it can serve as a figure of merit with which to benchmark the performance of existing PVEH systems, and identify best design practices.
An all-day lidar for detecting soft targets over 100 km based on superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors
Authors: Zhang Biao , Guan Yan-Qiu , Xia Linghao , Dong Daxing , Chen Qi , Xu Chi , Wu Cheng , Huang Huixin , Zhang Labao , Kang Lin , Chen Jian , Wu Peiheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is a big challenge for lidar to detect soft targets over long distances in the atmosphere due to the low reflection of soft targets and the strong atmospheric attenuation. In this paper, we propose an all-day lidar system based on the 4 pixel array superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. This significantly improves the detection efficiency of the aerosol and other targets by utilizing the advantages of high sensitivity, low dark count rate, wide dynamic range and photon number resolution. The system detects both soft targets and hard targets 100 km away in the atmosphere. In experiments, based on the photon-number resolving detection method, the lidar detects and distinguishes soft and hard targets simultaneously 50 km away during the day. Furthermore, the system obtains the wind field information in the atmosphere by monitoring clouds at a distance exceeding 86 km. The detection results indicate that the system is promising for applications as a long distance all-day lidar.
One or two gaps in Mo8Ga41 superconductor? Local Hall-probe magnetometry study
Authors: Marcin M , Pribulová Z , Kačmarčík J , Medvecká Z , Klein T , Yu Verchenko V , Cambel V , Šoltýs J , Samuely P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The magnetization properties of the endohedral cluster superconductor Mo8Ga41 are studied by sensitive Hall-probe magnetometry. The temperature dependence of the lower critical magnetic field H

c1 is obtained and compared to theoretical models accounting for single-gap and two-gap superconductivity. Data can be described by both models with minor differences. These results are confronted with our previous measurements which evidence that the system is inherently single-gap s-wave superconductor but minor additional phases are present also in seemingly perfect samples. We discuss how presence of such additional phases with varying size of the penetration depth and H

c1 field is reflected in magnetization measurements which could lead to misinterpretation of the multigap superconductivity in Mo8Ga41.
Evolution of the superconducting properties from binary to ternary APC-Nb3Sn wires
Authors: Ortino M , Pfeiffer S , Baumgartner T , Sumption M , Bernardi J , Xu X , Eisterer M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We present a study conducted on binary Tube Type and ternary powder-in-tube Nb3Sn wires manufactured using the artificial pinning centres-internal oxidation method. All the specimens are doped with Zr: oxide nano-particles of this element are responsible for the pinning improvement, both by refining the A-15 grain-size and their own point-pinning contribution. Low-field

J

c

magnetometry confirms that the hadron-hadron Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh) specifications are met by one ternary doped-sample. The differences in microstructure were assessed by scanning electron microscopy/transmission electron microscopy to clarify the reasons for the pinning improvement between the two generations. The deviations from the Dew Hughes model are also discussed, underlying some non-linear addition due to competition between the two pinning mechanisms. Finally, we show how the introduction of Ta as a ternary addition influences the A-15 phase by focusing on the radial inhomogeneities, evaluating the

T

c

distribution and Sn composition gradients. The latter are used to model the currents, enabling us to evaluate the individual weights of the pinning mechanisms and their absolute contributions at the High Luminosity-Large Hadron Collider and FCC-hh dipoles operational points.
Measurements of the parameter dependencies of the bootstrap current in the W7-X stellarator
Authors: Neuner U. , Rahbarnia K. , Beidler C.D. , Dinklage A. , Turkin Y. , Stange T. , Andreeva T. , Schilling J. , Thomsen H. , Beurskens M. , Bozhenkov S. , Brunner K.J. , Damm H. , Fuchert G. , Geiger J. , Hergenhahn U. , Höfel U. , Knauer J. , Krychowiak M. , Kwak S. , Langenberg A. , Pablant N. , Pasch E. , Pavone A. , Scott E.R. , Svensson J. , Mora H.Trimino , the Wendelstein 7-X team  
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Intrinsic, diffusion-driven toroidal (bootstrap) currents between −7 and 17 kA were measured in the optimised stellarator Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) for several magnetic configurations at line-integrated plasma densities between 2 × 1019 and 1.6 × 1020 m−2 and heating powers between 0.5 and 6 MW. The sign of the bootstrap current changes with field reversal, and its magnitude decreases with the mirror term and the rotational transform of the magnetic configuration as well as the line-integrated plasma density, and increases with the heating power. Both the absolute values and the dependencies agree with neoclassical calculations within their respective uncertainties, confirming the neoclassical optimisation of W7-X for small bootstrap currents.
Hybridization and introgression of native and foreignSorbustree species in unique environments of protected mountainous areas
Authors: Hebda Anna , Kempf Marta , Wachowiak Witold , Pluciński Bartosz , Kauzal Paweł , Zwijacz-Kozica Tomasz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHybridization and introgression are important processes influencing the genetic diversity and evolution of species. These processes are of particular importance in protected areas, where they can lead to the formation of hybrids between native and foreign species and may ultimately result in the loss of parental species from their natural range. Despite their importance, the contribution of hybridization and introgression to genetic diversity in Sorbus genus remains not fully recognized. We analysed the genetic and morphological variability of several Sorbus species including native (Sorbus aria), foreign (S. intermedia) and potentially hybrid (S. carpatica) individuals from the Polish Carpathian range. Patterns of variation at 13 nuclear microsatellite loci show hybridization between the tested species and confirm the existence of the hybrid form S. carpatica. Biometric analysis on leaves, based of 10 metric features and three parameters, identified several characters for preliminary taxonomic classification; however, none of them could be used as a fully diagnostic marker for faultless annotation of S. intermedia and S. carpatica. The genetic structure analysis indicated complex patterns of population differentiation and its diverse origin. The results allow assessment of genetic variation and identification of parental species participating in hybridization. This knowledge will advance the management of genetic diversity and development of conservation strategies for efficient maintenance of the unique protected ecosystem.
Dyadic leader–follower dynamics change across situations in captive house sparrows
Authors: Tuliozi Beniamino , Camerlenghi Ettore , Griggio Matteo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Individuals can behave as either leaders or followers in many taxa of collectively moving animals. Leaders initiate movements and may incur predation risks, while followers are thought to be more risk-averse. As a group encounters different challenges and ecological situations, individuals in the group may change their social role. We investigated leader and follower roles using dyads of captive house sparrow (Passer domesticus) during both exploration of a novel environment and a simulation of predator attack. During the exploration of a novel environment, individuals behaved consistently either as leaders or followers. However, in the simulated attack tests, individuals in the dyads switched their roles, with “followers” leading the escape flights and “leaders” following them. Our study provides evidence of 1) consistent differences between individuals in behavior during social escape and 2) a relationship between social roles across different situations. We suggest that such relationship hinges on individual risk-taking tendencies, which manifest through different social roles across different ecological situations. We further speculate that risk-taking individuals might gain benefits by following risk-averse individuals during an escape flight.
Small Data Theorizing
Authors: Mayer Vicki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSmall data theorizing encompasses the ways communities of collaborators deliberate over the status of data through a set of three mediational logics that pose alternatives to datafication. Small data theorizing is a way of generalizing a framework for understanding the role of the collaborators in digital archiving and database design processes, which often involve both communication researchers and ordinary institutions, such as universities and museums. This framework for mediational logics extends the critiques of big data theory, and its monolithic claims about autonomous technologies and power in society, by elaborating the ways people actively maintain their connectedness to data in archival design. At the same time, it joins critical communication theory’s central concerns about power with a praxis. This can help all communication researchers in seeing how communities are theorizing practical alternatives to archives that are designed for big data and their ecosystems.