bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schooling the Eye and Hand: Performative Methods of Research and Pedagogy in the Making and Knowing Project
Authors: Taape Tillmann , Smith Pamela H. , Uchacz Tianna Helena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhat are historians doing in the laboratory? Looking back over six years of collaborative work, researchers of the Making and Knowing Project at Columbia University discuss their experience with hands‐on reconstruction as a historical method. This work engages practical forms of knowledge—from pigment‐making to metal casting—recorded in the BnF Ms. Fr. 640, an anonymous French manuscript compiled in the later sixteenth century. Bodily encounters with materials and processes of the past offer insights into the material and mental worlds of early modern artists and artisans, and train the eye in the interpretation of historical objects. At the same time, reconstruction contributes to the interpretation of the text: it is only by attempting to implement the instructions of practical or recipe literature that these texts can be understood as vehicles of emergent knowledge that only fully manifests itself in the doing. Overall, our approach to reconstruction mirrors that of the anonymous author‐practitioner, who explored a wide range of techniques through experimenting and writing.
Nervosität und theatrale Hygieneaufklärung im Sowjetrussland der 1920–30er Jahre
Authors: Polianski Igor J. , Kosenko Oxana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present contribution analyses the nervousness and neurasthenia discourse in the early Soviet Union. Its focus is on psycho‐hygienic plays staged by the Moscow Theatre for Sanitary Culture. It asks in which images, figures and actions a knowledge about the nervous disorder was presented on stage, which genre traditions and communicative instruments were used and on which changing political implications those performances were based. To obtain this the archive sources, selected texts of neurasthenic dramas, reports and reviews in daily press have been evaluated.
Historical Continuity or Different Sensory Worlds? What we Can Learn about the Sensory Characteristics of Early Modern Pharmaceuticals by Taking Them to a Trained Sensory Panel.
Authors: Ahnfelt Nils‐Otto , Fors Hjalmar , Wendin Karin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEarly modern medicine was much more dependent on the senses than its contemporary counterpart. Although a comprehensive medical theory existed that assigned great value to taste and odor of medicaments, historical descriptions of taste and odor appears imprecise and inconsistent to modern eyes. How did historical actors move from subjective experience of taste and odor to culturally stable agreements that facilitated communication about the sensory properties of medicaments? This paper addresses this question, not by investigating texts, but by going straight to the sensory impression, which certain substances convey. The aim is not to overwrite or rectify historical descriptions but to investigate whether modern methodologies for sensory assessment can be enlisted to understand the past. We draw on history of science for framing and research questions, pharmaceutical science for knowledge of pharmaceuticals and preparations, and food and meal science for assaying procedures and protocols. We show that sensory evaluation can yield precise descriptions that would not have been alien to early modern medicine makers. However, there are problems with translating descriptions of taste between different historical contexts. By comparing contemporary descriptions of sensations with eighteenth‐century ones, the article discusses how sensory descriptions are highly dependent on context, and subject to historical change.
Out of the Ivy and into the Arctic: Imitation Coral Reconstruction in Cross‐Cultural Contexts
Authors: Bilak Donna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis essay discusses imitation coral reconstruction workshops based on a recipe from a sixteenth‐century “book of secrets” that took place in three different educational contexts: Columbia University, Nunavut Arctic College, and Universität Hamburg. It reflects on the utility of reconstruction and material literacy as present‐day history of science methodologies in which scholarly textual interpretation meets physical research. It also considers the nature of cultural heritage in shaping material practice through an Inuit cultural context, in which the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge is not rooted in textual traditions, but bodily embedded in oral histories, craft technology, and land stewardship. The essay also presents suggestions for new collaborative practices between humanists, artisans, and scientists that can be facilitated by reconstruction methodology.
Rethinking Performative Methods in the History of Science
Authors: Hendriksen Marieke M. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPerformative methods have been part of history of science research and education for at least three decades. Understood broadly, they cover every methodology in which a historian or philosopher of science engages in embodied interaction with sources, tools and materials that do not traditionally belong to historical research, with the aim of answering a historical research question. The question no longer appears to be whether performative methods have a place within history and philosophy of science research, but what their place is, could, or should be; when and how they can and cannot be used. Because although performative methods are seen as an enrichment of the field by many, their growing popularity also raises questions: what new insights and challenges has the increased use of performative methods in the history of science brought us? How has it changed the field? Should performative research methods become a mandatory part of the training of new generations of historians of science? In this special issue, historians and philosophers of science for whom performative methods play an important role in their work reflect on these questions from their own research and teaching practices.
Impact of the isoelectric point of model parvoviruses on viral retention in anion‐exchange chromatography
Authors: Leisi Remo , Wolfisberg Raphael , Nowak Thomas , Caliaro Oliver , Hemmerle Andreas , Roth Nathan J. , Ros Carlos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnion‐exchange chromatography (AEX) is used in the downstream purification of monoclonal antibodies to remove impurities and potential viral contamination based on electrostatic interactions. Although the isoelectric point (pI) of viruses is considered a key factor predicting the virus adsorption to the resin, the precise molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. To address this question, we compared structurally homologous parvoviruses that only differ in their surface charge distribution. A single charged amino acid substitution on the capsid surface of minute virus of mice (MVM) provoked an increased apparent pI (pIapp) 6.2 compared to wild‐type MVM (pIapp = 4.5), as determined by chromatofocusing. Despite their radically different pIapp, both viruses displayed the same interaction profile in Mono Q AEX at different pH conditions. In contrast, the closely related canine parvovirus (pIapp = 5.3) displayed a significantly different interaction at pH 5. The detailed structural analysis of the intricate three‐dimensional structure of the capsids suggests that the charge distribution is critical, and more relevant than the pI, in controlling the interaction of a virus with the chromatographic resin. This study contributes to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing virus clearance by AEX, which is crucial to enable robust process design and maximize safety.
Intra‐CSF topotecan in treatment of breast cancer patients with leptomeningeal metastases
Authors: Jaeckle Kurt A. , Dixon Jesse G. , Anderson Stephen Keith , Moreno‐Aspitia Alvaro , Colon‐Otero Gerardo , Hebenstreit Kathy , Patel Tejal A. , Reddy Samarth L. , Perez Edith A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are few treatment options for patients with leptomeningeal metastases (LM).MethodsWe report a case series of patients with breast cancer and LM treated with intra‐CSF topotecan (TOPO). Outcome was assessed by clinical exam and MRI at baseline, at end of induction (4‐5 weeks), then every 3 months; CSF cytology was determined at baseline and with each treatment.ResultsThirty‐one women [median age, 58 (37‐81); median KPS 60 (40‐100)] received treatment. At baseline, 68% had positive CSF cytology, and 90%, leptomeningeal enhancement on MRI. 84% of patients also received focal RT (not during TOPO) and 77% received concomitant systemic hormonal or chemotherapy. Median number of TOPO treatments was 14.5 (range, 3‐71); median duration of treatment, 11 weeks (1‐176); and median OS, 6.9 months (range, 0.9‐48.8). Patients remaining progression‐free during 4‐6 weeks of induction (81%) had a median OS of 11.5 months (range, 1.8‐48.8). Overall neurologic PFS at 6, 12, and 24 months was 39%, 26%, and 6%, respectively. Clearing of CSF malignant cells for >3 consecutive samples occurred in 10/21 (48%) patients with positive CSF cytology at baseline, remaining clear for a median duration of 15.9 months (range, 1.4‐34.5). Grade 3 adverse events included headache or vomiting (3pts), T2 hyperintensity surrounding the ventricular catheter (2 pts), and meningitis (2 pts).ConclusionsIntra‐CSF TOPO, with focal RT as needed for symptomatic areas of enhancement produced durable clearing of CSF malignant cells in 48% of patients positive at baseline, with promising median PFS and OS.
Impact of radiotherapy to the primary tumor on the efficacy of pembrolizumab for patients with advanced urothelial cancer: A preliminary study
Authors: Fukushima Hiroshi , Kijima Toshiki , Fukuda Shohei , Moriyama Shingo , Uehara Sho , Yasuda Yosuke , Tanaka Hajime , Yoshida Soichiro , Yokoyama Minato , Matsuoka Yoh , Saito Kazutaka , Matsubara Nobuaki , Numao Noboru , Sakai Yasuyuki , Yuasa Takeshi , Masuda Hitoshi , Yonese Junji , Kageyama Yukio , Fujii Yasuhisa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRadiotherapy plus immune checkpoint inhibitors can potentially induce synergistic antitumor immune responses. However, little clinical evidence is established regarding their combination therapy. Here, we aimed to assess whether radiotherapy to the primary tumor impacts on the efficacy of pembrolizumab in advanced urothelial cancer. We retrospectively reviewed 98 advanced urothelial cancer patients receiving pembrolizumab in a second‐ or later‐line setting using our multicenter cohort. Patients were categorized according to a history of radiotherapy to the primary tumor: patients previously exposed to radiotherapy to the primary tumor (Radiotherapy group, 17 patients [17%]) and those not (Nonradiotherapy group, 81 patients [83%]). The associations of radiotherapy to the primary tumor with objective response and survival were evaluated. The Radiotherapy group showed a significantly higher objective response ratio than did the Non‐radiotherapy group (65% vs 19%; P < .001). The Radiotherapy group had a higher progression‐free survival rate compared with the Nonradiotherapy group (52% vs 28% at 12 months; P = .078), but statistical significance was not reached. The Radiotherapy group had a significantly higher overall survival rate compared with the Non‐radiotherapy group (77% vs 50% at 12 months; P = .025). From multivariate analysis, radiotherapy to the primary tumor was an independent predictor for longer overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.31; P = .032) along with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤1 and the absence of visceral metastasis. Therefore, radiotherapy to the primary tumor may enhance the efficacy of pembrolizumab for patients with advanced urothelial cancer.
Efficient Synthesis of γ‐Lactones by Cobalt‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Ring Expansion of Oxetanes under Syngas Atmosphere
Authors: Tang Yitian , Shen Chaoren , Yao Qiyi , Tian Xinxin , Wang Bo , Dong Kaiwu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA practical route from oxetane or thietane to γ‐(thio)butyrolactone via solvated‐proton‐assisted cobalt‐catalyzed carbonylative ring expansion under syngas atmosphere has been established. A wide variety of γ‐(thio)butyrolactones can be afforded in good to excellent yields. The versatility of this method has been well demonstrated in the synthesis of intermediates towards the natural product Arctigenin as well as the pharmaceuticals Baclofen and Montelukast. The observed promoting effect of glycol ether solvent has been rationally interpreted.
Synthesis and Diversification of Macrocyclic Alkynediyl Sulfide Peptides
Authors: Godin Éric , Nguyen Thanh Sacha , Guerrero‐Morales Javier , Santandrea Jeffrey , Caron Antoine , Minozzi Clémentine , Beaucage Noémie , Rey Bastien , Morency Mathieu , Abel‐Snape Xavier , Collins Shawn K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of rare macrocyclic alkynediyl sulfides by a Cu‐catalyzed Csp−S cross‐coupling is presented. The catalytic protocol (Cu(MeCN)4PF6/dtbbpy) promotes macrocyclization of peptides, dipeptides and tripeptides at ambient temperature (14 examples, 23→73 % yields) via thiols and bromoalkynes, and is chemoselective with regards to terminal alkynes. Importantly, the underexplored alkynediyl sulfide functionality incorporates a rigidifying structural element and opens new opportunities for diversification of macrocyclic frameworks through S oxidation, halide addition and azide–alkyne cycloaddition chemistries to integrate sulfones, halides or valuable fluorophores (7 examples, 37→92 % yields).
The Cascade Reactions of Indigo with Propargyl Substrates for Heterocyclic and Photophysical Diversity
Authors: McCosker Patrick M. , Butler Nicholas M. , Shakoori Alireza , Volland Michel K. , Perry Matthew J. , Mullen Jesse W. , Willis Anthony C. , Clark Timothy , Bremner John B. , Guldi Dirk M. , Keller Paul A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of structurally diverse heterocycles for chemical space exploration was achieved via the cascade reactions of indigo with propargylic electrophiles. New pyrazinodiindolodione, naphthyridinedione, azepinodiindolone, oxazinoindolone and pyrrolodione products were prepared in one pot reactions by varying the leaving group (‐Cl, ‐Br, ‐OMs, ‐OTs) or propargyl terminal functionality (‐H, ‐Me, ‐Ph, ‐Ar). Mechanistic and density functional theory studies revealed that the unsaturated propargyl moiety can behave as an electrophile when aromatic terminal substitutions are made, and therefore competes with leaving group substitution for new outcomes. Selected products from the cascade reactions were investigated for their absorption and fluorescence properties, including transient absorption spectroscopy. This revealed polarity dependent excited state relaxation pathways, fluorescence, and triplet formation, thus highlighting these reactions as a means to access diverse functional materials rapidly.
Association of malnutrition with geriatric assessment impairments and health‐related quality of life among older adults with gastrointestinal malignancies
Authors: Williams Grant R. , Al‐Obaidi Mustafa , Dai Chen , Mir Nabiel , Challa Sai Alekha , Daniel Michael , Patel Harita , Barlow Brett , Young‐Smith Crystal , Gbolahan Olumide , Paluri Ravi , Bhatia Smita , Giri Smith 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundA majority of older adults with cancer develop malnutrition; however, the implications of malnutrition among this vulnerable population are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to quantify the prevalence of nutrition related‐symptoms and malnutrition among older adults with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies and the association of malnutrition with geriatric assessment (GA) impairment, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), and health care utilization.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study of older adults (≥60 years) who were referred to the GI Oncology clinic at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Participants underwent the Cancer & Aging Resilience Evaluation survey that includes the abbreviated Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment of nutrition. Nutrition scores were dichotomized into normal (0‐5) and malnourished (≥6), and multivariate analyses adjusted for demographics, cancer type, and cancer stage were used to examine associations with GA impairment, HRQoL, and health care utilization.ResultsA total of 336 participants were included (men, 56.8%; women, 43.2%), with a mean age of 70 years (standard deviation, ±7.2 years) and colorectal cancer (33.6%) and pancreatic cancer (24.4%) being the most common diagnoses. Overall, 52.1% of participants were identified as malnourished. Malnutrition was associated with a higher prevalence of several GA impairments, including 1 or more falls (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.1), instrumental activities of daily living impairment (aOR, 4.1), and frailty (aOR, 8.2). Malnutrition was also associated with impaired HRQoL domains; both physical (aOR, 8.7) and mental (aOR, 5.0), and prior hospitalizations (aOR, 2.2).ConclusionWe found a high prevalence of malnutrition among older adults with GI malignancies that was associated with increased GA impairments, reduced HRQoL, and increased health care utilization.
Engineered Nanomaterials for Sustainable Oil Separation and Recovery
Authors: Alsoraya Mohammad , Zhao Mingyu , Fan Donglei (Emma) 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this review, we focus on engineered nanomaterials (NMs) offering economic and environmental sustainability in oil extraction. We introduce underlying issues in oil recovery and separation and discuss fundamental physical and chemical interactions in typical oil‐water‐solid systems that guide the design of NMs. In recovery, the NMs change rock wettability, permeability, or sweep fluid properties to attain optimal resource use and minimal environmental impact. Applied NMs include nanosurfactants, silica core‐shell structures, nano‐encapsulated acids, and nanofluids. While for separation, the NMs use mechanisms of adsorption, filtration, or dispersion to improve separation performance in industrial or aquatic oil spill settings. The NMs include iron oxide nanoparticles, graphene Joule‐heating sponges, superhydrophilic poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes, and amphiphilic Janus silicon dioxide nanoparticles. Albeit the NMs exhibit impressive performance in sustainable oil extraction, a technological gap remains between the lab‐scale demonstrations and practical field deployment. We conclude with a perspective on bridging this gap.
Fit of tooth‐supported zirconia single crowns—A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Ahmed Walaa Magdy , Shariati Batoul , Gazzaz Arwa Z. , Sayed Mohammed E. , Carvalho Ricardo M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to systematically map all the factors that influence the fit and adaptation of zirconia crowns and/or copings.Materials and methodsThe investigational strategy involved carrying out an electronic search between December 1, 2009 and September 1, 2019 through the Embase and Medline databases using Boolean operators to locate appropriate articles.ResultsA total of 637 articles were discovered after the removal of duplicates, and 46 of these were selected for evaluation. Further, a quality assessment was performed using GRADE evaluation criteria.ConclusionsShoulder finish line preparations had slightly better marginal fit compared to chamfer finish lines. Crowns obtained from digital impressions had comparable to superior marginal adaptation compared to conventional impressions. Increasing cement space showed to improve zirconia crown adaptation. Cementation and veneering zirconia frameworks found to increase the marginal and internal gaps. Limited information is available on the effect of the alteration of sintering time/Temperature and/or sintering techniques on the adaptation of zirconia crowns. Most of the selected studies had a moderate quality assessment evaluation. Future studies could investigate the chair‐side, ultra‐fast sintering effect on the marginal gap of zirconia crowns.
Reactive oxygen species levels differentiate CD34+ human progenitors based on CD38 expression
Authors: Vignon Christine , Lachot Sébastien , Foucault Amélie , Ravalet Noémie , Gyan Emmanuel , Picou Frédéric , Herault Beatrice , Le Nail Louis‐Romée , Bene Marie C. , Herault Olivier 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLow reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels are well‐established characteristics of mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, little is known about these levels in human HSCs. This study aimed at quantifying ROS levels in human CD34+CD38low and CD34+CD38high human progenitors from bone marrow, cord blood and cells mobilized for autologous HSC transplantation. A specifically devised multiparameter flow cytometry method was used to quantify ROS levels (H2DCFDA staining) in sub‐populations of primary cells. Results were confirmed by assessing gene expression level of the ROS scavenger GPX3, a key determinant of HSC self‐renewal, in sorted CD34+CD38low and CD34+CD38high cells. CD34+CD38low cells from bone marrow and cord blood displayed significantly lower levels of ROS than CD34+CD38high cells and other leukocytes. Moreover, the correlation between ROS and GPX3 expression was verified in sorted CD34+CD38low and CD34+CD38high cells. These results confirm, in human, data previously reported in mice. Moreover, the flow cytometry assay we developed could allow for a more precise enumeration of repopulating primitive progenitors in the course of HSC transplantation.
Cytomorphological features of an unusual case of a multifocal pseudomyogenic (epithelioid sarcoma‐like) hemangioendothelioma in a young adult male
Authors: Rekhi Bharat , Ramadwar Mukta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPseudomyogenic (epithelioid sarcoma‐like) hemangioendothelioma (PMHE) is a relatively newly described vascular neoplasm, characterized by distinct clinicopathological and molecular features, with no report on its cytomorphological features on smears, till date. A 17‐year‐old male presented with multiple nodules on his left upper limb. Radiologic imaging disclosed multiple lesions involving the soft tissues, skin, and bones of his left upper limb. Biopsy of one of the lesions on his left ring finger revealed a cellular tumor comprising plump spindle and epithelioid cells, containing moderate to abundant, eosinophilic cytoplasm; mild nuclear atypia, vesicular nuclear chromatin, discernible nucleoli, infrequent mitotic figures, and interspersed neutrophils. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for AE1/AE3, CD31, and FLI‐1, while negative for CD34 and desmin. INI1/SMARCB1 was retained. MIB1/Ki67 highlighted nearly 3% tumor cells (low). Diagnosis of a PMHE was offered. A simultaneous fine needle aspiration cytology smears of the lesions in his left forearm and ipsilateral axillary region revealed spindle and some polygonal shaped cells, arranged in tight and loose clusters, as well as scattered singly, containing abundant cytoplasm with tapering cell membranes, at places; vesicular nuclear chromatin and characteristic intercellular fibrillary stromal material. The present case constitutes the first report on cytomorphological features of a PMHE, diagnosed on cytology, including its differential diagnoses, immunohistochemical features with molecular updates.