bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Point‐of‐care creatinine measurements to predict acute kidney injury
Authors: Vaara Suvi T. , Glassford Neil , Eastwood Glenn M. , Canet Emmanuel , Mårtensson Johan , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundPlasma creatinine (Cr) is a marker of kidney function and typically measured once daily. We hypothesized that Cr measured by point‐of‐care technology early after ICU admission would be a good predictor of acute kidney injury (AKI) the next day in critically ill patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective database audit in a single tertiary ICU database. We included patients with normal first admission Cr (CrF) and identified a Cr value (CrP) obtained within 6‐12 hours from ICU admission. We used their difference converted into percentage (delta‐Cr‐%) to predict subsequent AKI (based on Cr and/or need for renal replacement therapy) the next day. We assessed predictive value by calculating area under the receiver characteristic curve (AUC), logistic regression models for AKI with and without delta‐Cr‐%, and the category‐free net reclassifying index (cfNRI).ResultsWe studied 780 patients. Overall, 70 (9.0%) fulfilled the Cr AKI definition by CrP measurement. On day 2, 148 patients (19.0%) were diagnosed with AKI. AUC (95% CI) for delta‐Cr‐% to predict AKI on day 2 was 0.82 (95% CI 0.78‐0.86), and 0.74 (95% CI 0.69‐0.80) when patients with AKI based on the CrP were excluded. Using a cut‐off of 17% increment, the positive likelihood ratio (95% CI) for delta‐Cr‐% to predict AKI was 3.5 (2.9‐4.2). The cfNRI was 90.0 (74.9‐106.1).ConclusionsAmong patients admitted with normal Cr, early changes in Cr help predict AKI the following day.
Morphological variation and sexual dimorphism in the Aspidoscelis gularis complex (Squamata: Teiidae) from Mexico
Authors: Esquivel‐Ramírez Anahí , Hornung‐Leoni Claudia T. , Manríquez‐Morán Norma L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMorphological variation can be promoted by ecological factors and the evolutionary history of the taxa. The Aspidoscelis gularis complex is one of the groups of whiptail lizards that exhibits one of the widest distributions in North America, occupying a great variety of environments. Its members are similar in morphology, which has contributed to the taxonomic uncertainty in the group. In this study, variation in size and head shape was analysed considering a phylogenetic hypothesis based on the Cytb and ND2 mitochondrial genes. Six evolutionarily significant units were found, of which the morphological patterns were analysed. Eleven morphological characters and two landmark configurations of the head were used. Analysis of size revealed a pattern of sexual dimorphism, while geometric morphometrics suggested that there is no dimorphism in head shape. Neither size nor shape shows unique patterns of morphological variation between the evolutionarily significant units, which could be attributed to morphological conservatism and recurrent hybridization in whiptails.
Exosomes mediate intercellular transfer of non–autonomous tolerance to proteasome inhibitors in mixed‐lineage leukemia
Authors: Ge Maolin , Qiao Zhi , Kong Yan , Lu Hui , Liu Han 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProteasome inhibitors significantly improve cancer outcomes, but their use is eventually followed by proteasome inhibitor resistance and relapse. Current understanding of proteasome inhibitor resistance is limited to cell‐autonomous mechanisms; whether non–autonomous mechanisms can be implicated in the development of proteasome inhibitor resistance is unclear. Here, we show that proteasome inhibitor tolerance can be transmitted non–autonomously through exosome‐mediated intercellular interactions. We revealed that reversible proteasome inhibitor resistance can be transmitted from cells under therapy stress to naïve sensitive cells through exosome‐mediated cell cycle arrest and enhanced stemness in mixed‐lineage leukemia cells. Integrated multi‐omics analysis using the Tied Diffusion through Interacting Events algorithm identified several candidate exosomal proteins that may serve as predictors for proteasome inhibitor resistance and potential therapeutic targets for treating refractory mixed‐lineage leukemia. Furthermore, inhibiting the secretion of exosomes is a promising strategy for reversing proteasome inhibitor resistance in vivo, which provides a novel proof of principle for the treatment of other refractory or relapsed cancers.
Genetic basis of neurodevelopmental disorders in 103 Jordanian families
Authors: Froukh Tawfiq , Nafie Omar , Al Hait Sana' A. S. , Laugwitz Lucia , Sommerfeld Julia , Sturm Marc , Baraghiti Aya , Issa Tala , Al‐Nazer Anis , Koch Philipp A. , Hanselmann Johannes , Kootz Beate , Bauer Peter , Al‐Ameri Wael , Abou Jamra Rami , Alfrook Ayman J. , Hamadallah Moath , Sofan Linda , Riess Angelika , Haack Tobias B. , Riess Olaf , Buchert Rebecca 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe recruited 103 families from Jordan with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) and patterns of inheritance mostly suggestive of autosomal recessive inheritance. In each family, we investigated at least one affected individual using exome sequencing and an in‐house diagnostic variant interpretation pipeline including a search for copy number variation. This approach led us to identify the likely molecular defect in established disease genes in 37 families. We could identify 25 pathogenic nonsense and 11 missense variants as well as 3 pathogenic copy number variants and 1 repeat expansion. Notably, 11 of the disease‐causal variants occurred de novo. In addition, we prioritized a homozygous frameshift variant in PUS3 in two sisters with intellectual disability. To our knowledge, PUS3 has been postulated only recently as a candidate disease gene for intellectual disability in a single family with three affected siblings. Our findings provide additional evidence to establish loss of PUS3 function as a cause of intellectual disability.
Impact of Vancomycin‐Induced Changes in the Intestinal Microbiota on the Pharmacokinetics of Simvastatin
Authors: Sunwoo Jung , Ji Sang Chun , Kim Andrew HyoungJin , Yu Kyung‐Sang , Cho Joo‐Youn , Jang In‐Jin , Lee SeungHwan 
Published: February 2020

The pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of drugs are affected in several ways by interactions with microbiota. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of oral vancomycin on the gut microbiota and, consequently, on the PKs of simvastatin. An open‐label, single arm, sequential crossover study was conducted in six healthy Korean male subjects. After 6 days on a control diet, simvastatin 40 mg was orally administered to the subjects before and after 1 week of oral vancomycin treatment. Blood samples for PK analysis and fecal samples for metagenomic and metabolomic analyses were collected. After vancomycin treatment, the richness of microbiota considerably decreased, and the composition was altered. In particular, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased, whereas that of proteobacteria increased. In addition, changes in fecal metabolites, including D‐glucuronic acid, were observed. However, systemic exposure of simvastatin was not changed whereas that of hydroxysimvastatin showed a tendency to increase. The relationship between the change of PKs of simvastatin and the change of gut microbiota and fecal metabolites were not clearly observed.
Associations between corrected serum calcium and phosphorus levels and outcome in dialysis patients in the Kumamoto Prefecture
Authors: Sueta Daisuke , Tabata Noriaki , Tanaka Motoko , Hanatani Shinsuke , Arima Yuichiro , Sakamoto Kenji , Yamamoto Eiichiro , Izumiya Yasuhiro , Kaikita Koichi , Arizono Kenji , Matsui Kunihiko , Tsujita Kenichi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionMortality in hemodialysis patients is relatively high; thus, its risk stratification is very important. There are insufficient data describing the current status of the management of serum phosphate and calcium levels.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, prospective, registry study throughout the Kumamoto Prefecture in Japan. We enrolled 1993 patients at 58 facilities with complete explanatory data, including serum phosphate, corrected calcium, and intact parathyroid hormone levels. We categorized subjects into nine categories according to low, normal, and high levels of phosphate and corrected calcium levels. The endpoint was all‐cause mortality.ResultsOf the total number of subjects, 56.1% of the patients were in the normal phosphate and calcium category, and 72% and 77.1% had controlled serum phosphate and calcium levels, respectively. Two hundred twenty‐six deaths occurred during the follow‐up period. In the nine categories, the highest mortality rates were observed in the highest corrected calcium and lowest phosphate categories. Stepwise backward multivariate regression analyses identified the serum corrected calcium level (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.06–1.79; P = 0.016) and the serum phosphate level (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08–1.48; P = 0.003) as significant and independent predictors of all‐cause mortality.ConclusionsThe corrected serum calcium and phosphate levels are associated with mortality in our dialysis population, with poorest survival in patients with high corrected serum calcium and low serum phosphorus.
Signage as an intervention on a general medicine ward to reduce unnecessary testing
Authors: Wiens Evan J. , Supel Izabella , Gallardo Justine , Seifer Colette M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundUp to 30% of medical spending in developed countries is unnecessary. Unnecessary testing is not only wasteful economically, but can be injurious to patients. Studies have shown that interventions such as education, auditing, and restrictive ordering can reduce unnecessary testing. However, these interventions are time‐ and resource‐intensive. We conducted a study to determine if the passive intervention of placing signs on clinicians' computers was effective in reducing unnecessary testing.AimsTo determine the effectiveness of signage on physicians' computers to limit unnecessary testing.MethodsWe identified two acute medicine wards on which all orders are placed via computer. On one ward (Ward A), we placed signs outlining recommendations regarding responsible test‐ordering. Ward B acted as a control. Data was collected during a 6‐month study period to determine whether test‐ordering practices differed.ResultsA total of 1645 patients accounting for 17 786 patient‐days were included in the study. Fewer tests were ordered on Ward A than Ward B (7.38 vs 8.20 tests/patient‐day; P < 0.01). Additionally, significantly fewer patients on Ward B received ≥1 complete blood count/day (36.1% vs 42.5%, P = 0.04). This effect was most pronounced among patients admitted for 7–30 days.ConclusionThe passive intervention of placing signs on clinicians' computers significantly reduced unnecessary testing.
Fabrication of high‐fracture‐strength and gas‐tightness PDC films via PIP process for pressure sensor application
Authors: Yu Yuxi , Liu Yixin , Zhang Zhihao , Zhang Jibin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHigh‐fracture‐strength and high‐gas‐tightness thin‐film gas‐pressure sensors were fabricated using a silicon oxycarbonitride polymer‐derived‐ceramic (SiCNO‐PDC) material via a multiple polymer‐infiltration‐pyrolysis (PIP) process. To obtain dense SiCNO ceramic films, two types of liquid polyvinylsilazane (PVSZ) precursors were chosen; a high‐ceramic‐yield precursor with high viscosity (PVSZ‐1) was designed to construct the skeleton of ceramic film, whereas a relatively high‐ceramic‐yield precursor with low viscosity (PVSZ‐2) was designed to infiltrate in ceramic defects. The results confirmed that the PVSZ‐2 can effectively fill both intergranular and intragranular defects of ceramic films pyrolyzed by the PVSZ‐1, and produce the sponge‐like structures with nanosized pores. Although the density of the ceramic films only increased by 2.2%‐5.2% after PIP process, the gas tightness was fundamentally improved, and all ceramic films after PIP process could keep gas‐tight condition without loss of pressure after 72 hours. Similarly, the fracture strengths of the ceramic films after PIP cycles have also been improved, and the value could reach 108 MPa after only three PIP cycles. In addition, because a linear relationship among the load, resonant frequency, and deflection was detected in our ceramic films, the wireless passive gas‐pressure sensors with high‐sensitivity and high‐temperature resistance have been fabricated. It strongly indicates that the ceramic films obtained by our PIP process have real potential to be used as thin‐film gas‐pressure sensing elements in high‐temperature and high‐pressure fields.
The effects of ABRACADABRA on reading outcomes: An updated meta‐analysis and landscape review of applied field research
Authors: Abrami Philip C. , Lysenko Larysa , Borokhovski Eugene 
Published: February 2020

AbstractABRACADABRA (ABRA) is an evidence‐based suite of interactive multimedia that engages learners in the development of core reading skills. This meta‐analysis presents an update of the research evidence about the effectiveness of ABRA for elementary students. It reports 91 effect sizes in six reading‐related outcomes for a sample of 7,388 students. Regardless of context and measurement type, the studies yielded positive effects of ABRA, ranging in magnitude from g+ = 0.080 for Vocabulary Knowledge to g+ = 0.378 for Phonemic Awareness and reaching statistical significance in four outcome categories. This meta‐analysis adds to our understanding of the effectiveness of ABRA‐based reading instruction by exploring factors of research design, ABRA design and implementation contexts, and various student characteristics and offers implications for instructional practice.
Gut microbiota ofSpodoptera frugiperda(J.E. Smith) larvae as revealed by metatranscriptomic analysis
Authors: Rozadilla Gaston , Cabrera Natalia A. , Virla Eduardo G. , Greco Nancy M. , McCarthy Christina B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe invasive fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E. Smith; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is considered one of the most harmful pests in corn, rice and cotton crops and has developed resistance to the most widespread methods used to control it, chemical insecticides and transgenic crops based onBttoxins. On the other hand, gut microbiota plays an important role in the insect's fitness, and metatranscriptomic analyses of the insect host are an invaluable tool for identifying new pest control targets. Notwithstanding, there are extremely few reports on the functionally active profile of the gut microbiota in insects, especially in lepidopterans. Moreover, most studies have only described the bacterial community even though all the components of the microbiota, Bacteria, Archaea, fungi, protozoa and viruses, influence different physiological aspects of the insect host. This is the first time an unbiased and comprehensive metatranscriptomic approach has been used to describe the taxonomic and functional profile of the gut microbiota ofS. frugiperdalarvae, both bacterial and non‐bacterial. We identified novel and very active components which were putatively playing an important nutritional role, such as ammonia‐oxidizing Archaea and Bacteria, and a xylan‐ and hemicellulose‐degrading Actinobacteria. This analysis also allowed us to identify potential biocontrol agents.
The composition of the microbial community associated with Macrobrachium rosenbergii zoeae varies throughout larval development
Authors: Ma Rongrong , Wang Yuan , Zhao Shu , Yin Menghe , Fang Wenhong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is an economically important freshwater prawn. The cultivation of zoea larvae is crucial for the success of the M. rosenbergii industry. In this study, we surveyed the microbial community diversity and structure associated with M. rosenbergii zoeae at different stages of larval development. Samples of zoea larvae from different developmental stages were collected and subjected to high‐throughput DNA sequencing. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla in all six sample groups. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bacillus decreased, and that of Enterobacter increased with the growth of the zoeae. This may have been related to the intestinal development of the zoea larvae. The microbial diversity of M. rosenbergii zoea larvae decreased significantly with development. The beta diversity analysis showed that the closer the developmental stage of M. rosenbergii, the more similar the structure of the associated bacterial communities.
Spatio‐temporal variations in mortality during the seawater production phase of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Norway
Authors: Bang Jensen Britt , Qviller Lars , Toft Nils 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn a sustainable production of animals, monitoring and minimizing mortality must be a top priority. Systematic measuring of mortality over time can be used to evaluate the impact of changes in management and production strategies in Norway. To aid understanding of the potential for reducing mortality, we have used data from 2014 to 2018 to investigate the spatio‐temporal patterns of mortality, by descriptive analyses and statistical modelling of possible determinants of mortality. The results show large differences in mortality across different production zones and between years. The areas with the highest density of farmed salmon are also the ones with highest mortality. The total cumulated mortality of farmed salmon increased from 32.3 million in 2014 to 35.2 million in 2018, corresponding to 14.3% and 15.8% of the standing stock. An initial higher mortality was observed during the first 3 months after stocking (mean: 1.5% [0.9%–8.6%] mortality/month). This was followed by a period of stability and lower mortality (mean: 0.8% [0.9%–3.1%] mortality/month), until month 10, when mortality started to increase again. The month of first stocking, the year of slaughter, production zone and number of months at sea were all found to be statistically significant determinants for mortality, with p‐values < 1e−15.
CRH receptor antagonists from Pulsatilla chinensis prevent CRH‐induced premature catagen transition in human hair follicles
Authors: Nam You Jin , Lee Eun Young , Choi Eun‐Ju , Kang Sangjin , Kim Jinwan , Choi Yong‐Soo , Kim Dong Hyun , An Ji Hae , Han Inbo , Lee Sunghou , Lee Min Ho , Kim Young Ho , Chung Ji Hyung 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is a growing interest in the relationship among stress hormones, neuroendocrine signaling, and skin diseases, including hair loss. Previous reports showed that stress hormones inhibit human hair growth and induce early catagen transition. Moreover, a CRH receptor antagonist reversed CRH‐induced alopecia in a mouse model, suggesting that antagonization of the CRH receptor is a key clinical strategy to treat stress‐induced hair loss.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of CRH receptor antagonists from Pulsatilla chinensis on human hair follicles (hHFs) and human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs).MethodshHFs were observed and scored by hair cycle. The levels of cAMP, a second messenger, were measured in each group. In addition, the mRNA and protein levels of factors related to the hair cycle were measured. Furthermore, the expression levels of various members of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway related to stress were measured.ResultsCRH induced early catagen transition in an ex vivo hair organ culture model. In addition, CRH downregulated the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and hair anagen‐related cytokines in cultured hDPCs. Moreover, CRH induced the phosphorylation of JNK, c‐Jun, p38, ERK, and Akt in cultured hDPCs. CRH receptor antagonists isolated from P chinensis reversed these CRH‐induced modulations in both ex vivo hair follicles (HFs) and cultured hDPCs.ConclusionsThese results indicate that P chinensis effectively blocks CRH receptor function and that saponin derivatives from P chinensis could be a pharmaceutical and cosmetic approach to treat stress‐induced hair loss.
How do Swiss dog owners visiting a dog exhibition understand feed labels?
Authors: Gerstner Kerstin , Liesegang Annette 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhile teaching, the Institute of Animal Nutrition of the University of Zurich (IANZ) noticed that veterinary students, veterinarians and pet owners have significant difficulties in reading and understanding pet food labels (PFL). The authors hypothesized that if PFL are easy to read and understand, 90% of those dog owners (n = 43) polled at a dog exhibition are able to answer a questionnaire after reading an exemplary PFL modified from existing products.About 30.2% of the participants were able to compare the protein content of a canned diet versus a dry diet. About 34.9% were able to estimate and compare the carbohydrate content of two dry diets by reading the composition. About 32.6% identified which of the two dry diets was potentially a complete diet by reading the listed ingredients. The results show that a majority of the participants was overwhelmed with the task of reading and understanding the exemplary PFL. An improvement of public education on the basics of product labelling or additional simplified information on the labels might be helpful.
The dynamic relationship between daily caffeine intake and sleep duration in middle‐aged and older adults
Authors: Hu Yueqin , Stephenson Katelyn , Klare Dalton 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe effect of caffeine on sleep has been well documented. However, most studies examined this relationship in laboratories or used a cross‐sectional design analysing between‐person differences. This study investigated the within‐person relationship between caffeine intake and sleep duration at home. In a national database, 377 participants (aged 35–85 years) completed a 7‐day diary study. Sleep duration was measured by Actigraphy and caffeine intake was self‐reported in sleep logs. Three analytic strategies were used. The average sleep duration and the average caffeine intake were not significantly correlated. Multilevel regressions using daytime caffeine intake to predict night‐time sleep, and using night‐time sleep to predict next day caffeine intake, also did not detect any significant effect. Then dynamical systems analysis was performed, where the daily change rate and change tendency of caffeine and sleep were estimated, and the relationship among these momentums was examined. Results revealed a significant effect of sleep duration on the change tendency of caffeine use: a shorter sleep duration predicted a stronger tendency to consume caffeine, and this phenomenon was only found in middle‐aged adults (aged 35–55 years) not in older adults (aged 55+). This study did not detect any effect of daily caffeine intake on sleep duration, implying that habitual use of caffeine in real life may not coincide with laboratory findings, and that using caffeine to compensate for sleep loss is the habit of middle‐aged adults, not the elderly. The advantage of using a dynamic approach to analyse interrelated processes with uncertain time lags is also highlighted.