bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute mental health service use is increased in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Kuriya Bindee , Tia Vivian , Luo Jin , Widdifield Jessica , Vigod Simone , Haroon Nigil 
Published: June 2020

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are associated with mental illness. Whether acute mental health (MH) service utilization (i.e. emergency visits or hospitalizations) is increased in RA or AS is not known. Methods: Two population-based cohorts were created where individuals with RA ( n = 53,240) or AS ( n = 13,964) were each matched by age, sex, and year to unaffected comparators (2002–2016). Incidence rates per 1000 person-years (PY) were calculated for a first MH emergency department (ED) presentation or MH hospitalization. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated, adjusting for demographic, clinical, and health service use variables. Results: Individuals with RA had higher rates of ED visits [6.59/1000 person-years (PY) versus 4.39/1000 PY in comparators] and hospitalizations for MH (3.11/1000 PY versus 1.80/1000 PY in comparators). Higher rates of ED visits (7.92/1000 PY versus 5.62/1000 PY in comparators) and hospitalizations (3.03/1000 PY versus 1.94/1000 PY in comparators) were also observed in AS. Overall, RA was associated with a 34% increased risk for MH hospitalization (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.22–1.47) and AS was associated with a 36% increased risk of hospitalization (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.12–1.63). The risk of ED presentation was attenuated, but remained significant, after adjustment in both RA (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.15) and AS (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.28). Conclusions: RA and AS are both independently associated with a higher rate and risk of acute ED presentations and hospitalizations for mental health conditions. These findings underscore the need for routine evaluation of MH as part of the management of chronic inflammatory arthritis. Additional research is needed to identify the underlying individual characteristics, as well as system-level variation, which may explain these differences, and to help plan interventions to make MH service use more responsive to the needs of individuals living with RA and AS.
Routine use of the Bath Adolescent Pain Questionnaire in a paediatric pain clinic
Authors: Goddard John M , Robinson Jane , Hiscock Rachel 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Assessment of outcomes from health interventions are of increasing importance, primarily to identify effective and safe treatment, but also to justify funding decisions. The Bath Adolescent Pain Questionnaire (BAPQ) is a self-report questionnaire, validated in 11–18 year olds, assessing the impact of pain in multiple domains of adolescent life. The similarly validated Bath Adolescent Pain Questionnaire for Parents (BAPQ-P) uses the same domains as the BAPQ, assessing the functioning and development of the adolescent from the parents’ perspective. Methods: We conducted a prospective study, planning to routinely collect BAPQ/BAPQ-P data at initial assessment and 6 months later. All patients aged between 5 and 19 attending our chronic pain clinic for the first time between December 2009 and December 2014 were mailed BAPQ and BAPQ-P questionnaires before the first appointment and 6 months after the first appointment. Results: In total, 376 of 386 families returned questionnaires at time 0 and 96 after 6 months, 26% of those responded at time 0. We found statistically significant differences on patients’ BAPQ questionnaires from 0 to 6 months showing improvement in all domains. A different result was found on parents’ questionnaires where we only found a statistically significant difference on daily and emotional functioning. When comparing patient and parent questionnaires at 0 and 6 months, we found statistically significant differences between patients’ and parents’ questionnaires in the daily functioning and development domains. Conclusion: We believe BAPQ and BAPQ-P measurement proved useful tools to assess response to pain management input in adolescents over a 6-month period. Our experience and results suggest that these tools can, with appropriate administrative support, be used in routine clinical practice to assess patient outcomes. We also believe that BAPQ and BAPQ-P measurements have a utility to audit pain clinic activity and potentially a use in demonstrating beneficial outcomes to commissioners.
A young woman from an Echinococcus-endemic area with progressive abdominal distension: a case report
Authors: Boehlig Albrecht , Blank Valentin , Karlas Thomas , Trawinski Henning , Hau Hans-Michael , Lederer Andri Arnosson , Berg Thomas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus. This case report shows the difficulty in differential diagnosis in a patient with highly suspected hydatid disease.

Case presentation
A 29-year-old Chinese woman presented with progressive abdominal distension. Imaging results revealed a large multicystic tumor with typical features of hydatid disease. There was no clear relationship between the cystic tumor and the liver, which led to the assumption of primary extrahepatic cystic echinococcosis. After albendazole therapy was initiated, a laparotomy was performed and a huge ovarian cystadenoma was diagnosed.

Conclusions
This case highlights the possible challenges of differential diagnosis in patients with suspicion of hydatid cysts.
Degenerate Hopf bifurcation in a Leslie–Gower predator–prey model with predator harvest
Authors: Su Juan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the degenerate Hopf bifurcation of a Leslie–Gower predator–prey system with predator harvest. The known work discussed the Hopf bifurcation of this system when the first Lyapunov number does not vanish and gave an example of a stable weak focus with order 2. However, the thorough discussion of center-type equilibrium for all possible parameters has not been completed. In this paper, by computing the first two focal values, we decompose the variety with resultant and prove that the center-type equilibrium is a weak focus with order at most 2 for all the possible parameter values. Moreover, numerical simulations are employed to show the appearance of two limit cycles from degenerate Hopf bifurcation. Our results finish the study of Hopf bifurcation in this system.
An at-sea assessment of Argos location accuracy for three species of large whales, and the effect of deep-diving behavior on location error
Authors: Irvine Ladd M. , Winsor Martha H. , Follett Tomas M. , Mate Bruce R. , Palacios Daniel M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Argos satellite telemetry is used globally to track terrestrial and aquatic megafauna, yet the accuracy of this system has been described empirically only for a limited number of species. We used Argos-linked archival tags with Fastloc GPS deployed on free-ranging sperm (Physeter macrocephalus), blue (Balaenoptera musculus), and fin (B. physalus) whales to derive empirical estimates of Argos location errors for these species, examine possible behavior-related differences, and test the effect of incorporating species-specific error parameters on performance of a commonly used movement model.

Results
Argos location errors for blue and fin whale tags were similar and were combined (n = 1712 locations) for comparison against sperm whale tags (n = 1206 locations). Location error magnitudes for tags attached to sperm whales were significantly larger than blue/fin whale tags for almost all Argos location classes (LC), ranging from 964 m versus 647 m for LC 3, respectively, to 10,569 m versus 5589 m for LC B, respectively. However, these differences were not seen while tags floated at the surface after release. Sperm whale tags were significantly colder than ambient temperature when surfacing from a dive, compared to blue/fin whale tags (16.9 °C versus 1.3 °C, respectively) leading to larger changes in tag temperature during post-dive intervals. The increased rate of tag temperature change while at the surface was correlated to increased error magnitude for sperm whales but not blue/fin whales. Movement model performance was not significantly improved by incorporating species-specific error parameters.

Conclusions
Location accuracy estimates for blue/fin whales were within the range estimated for other marine megafauna, but were higher for sperm whales. Thermal inertia from deep, long-duration dives likely caused transmission frequency drift and greater Argos location error in sperm whales, as tags warmed at the surface during post-dive intervals. Thus, tracks of deep-diving species may be less accurate than for other species. However, differences in calculated error magnitude between species were less than typical scales of movement and had limited effect on movement model performance. Therefore, broad-scale interpretation of Argos tracking data will likely be unaffected, although fine-scale interpretation should be made with more caution for deep-diving species inhabiting warm regions.
Educational achievement and youth homicide mortality: a City-wide, neighborhood-based analysis
Authors: Bray Michael J. C. , Boulos Mary E. , Shi Galen , MacKrell Kevin , Nestadt Paul S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and objectiveEducational achievement, particularly among youth, may mitigate risk of exposure to violence and negative related health outcomes such as crime and gang activity. Few studies to date have examined relationships between education and youth homicide. The authors hypothesized association between educational achievement in grades 3 and 8 and youth homicide mortality.MethodsNeighborhood-based, city-wide analysis was conducted of cross-sectional data regardingN = 55 neighborhoods in Baltimore, MD, extracted from Baltimore 2017 Neighborhood Health Profiles.ResultsHigher educational achievement (operationalized by reading proficiency) in third, but not eighth, grade was associated with reduced neighborhood youth homicide mortality rates in hierarchical linear regression, controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors (ß = − 0.5082,p = 0.03), such that each 1.97% increase in proportion of students reading at an acceptable level was associated with one fewer neighborhood youth homicide per 100,000. Neighborhoods within the highest tertile of youth homicide mortality differed from those in the lowest tertile with fewer males (45% vs. 48%,p = 0.002), greater unemployment (17% vs. 8%,p < 0.001), familial poverty (35% vs. 16%,p < 0.001), and residents identifying as black or African-American (88% vs. 25%,p < 0.001). Causal mediation analysis demonstrated mediation effects of familial poverty and eighth grade educational achievement through third grade educational achievement (ACME = 0.151,p = 0.04; ACME = − 0.300,p = 0.03, respectively) with no significant direct effects.ConclusionsHigher educational achievement (operationalized by reading proficiency) predicts reduced homicide mortality among Baltimore youth and appears to mediate effects of familial poverty on homicide mortality as well. This converges with literature highlighting the importance of education as a determinant of social capital and violence. Future policy-based interventions should target inequalities in educational achievement to mitigate homicide risk among youth in communities facing disparities in violent crime.
Pattern of liver injury in adult patients with COVID-19: a retrospective analysis of 105 patients
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhao Hong , Liu Li-Gai , Wang Yan-Bin , Zhang Ting , Li Ming-Hui , Xu Yan-Li , Gao Gui-Ju , Xiong Hao-Feng , Fan Ying , Cao Ying , Ding Rui , Wang Jing-Jing , Cheng Cheng , Xie Wen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Recent studies reported that patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) might have liver injury. However, few data on the combined analysis and change patterns of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBil) have been shown.

Methods
This is a single-center retrospective study. A total of 105 adult patients hospitalized for confirmed COVID-19 in Beijing Ditan Hospital between January 12, and March 17, 2020 were included, and divided into mild group (n = 79) and severe group(n = 26). We compared liver functional test results between the two groups. Category of ALT change during the disease course was also examined.

Results
56.2% (59/105) of the patients had unnormal ALT, AST, or total TBil throughout the course of the disease, but in 91.4% (96/105) cases the level of ALT, AST or TBil ≤3 fold of the upper limit of normal reference range (ULN). The overall distribution of ALT, AST, and TBil were all significantly difference between mild and severe group (P <  0.05). The percentage of the patients with elevated both ALT and AST was 12.7% (10/79) in mild cases vs. 46.2% (12/26) in severe cases (P = 0.001). 34.6% (9/26) severe group patients started to have abnormal ALT after admission, and 73.3% (77/105) of all patients had normal ALT before discharge.

Conclusions
Elevated liver function index is very common in patients with COVID-19 infection, and the level were less than 3 × ULN, but most are reversible. The abnormality of 2 or more indexes is low in the patients with COVID-19, but it is more likely to occur in the severe group.
Magnitude of iodine deficiency disorder and associated factors in Dawro zone, Southwest Ethiopia; the hidden hunger: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Asfaw Agize , Belachew Tefera 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is continued to be a major public health problem in Ethiopia. The problem is worse but the data is scarce in some pocket areas of the country. This study was aimed to assess the magnitude of IDD and associated factors in southwest Ethiopia by using different biochemical and clinical indicators.MethodsBoth community and school based cross- sectional study was conducted on school age children (6–12 years) from March 1 to 24, 2017. Simple random and systematic sampling techniques were applied to select districts and eligible children respectively. Household data was collected from children’s primary care takers by using structured questionnaire. A trained surgeon examined all children (n = 652) for goiter. Urine sample was collected from 20% of children (n = 130).ResultsA total of 652 school children were participated in the study. Total goiter rate and median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 54.8% and 96.12 μg/l respectively. In multivariable logistic regression analyses student’s age was significantly (P < 0 05) associated with both goiter and median UIC. However; sex of students and family income were significantly (P < 0.001) associated with goiter and cassava consumption was significantly (P < 0.001) associated with UIC.ConclusionAs indicated by the median UIC, there was mild iodine deficiency in this study community. However; chronic iodine deficiency was still a severe public health problem (high goiter prevalence). In addition, there was low concentration of iodine in the salt and increased cassava cultivation and consumption indicating the potential risk in the area. Therefore, it is necessary to intensify IDD elimination activities along with teaching communities on techniques of cassava processing for household consumption.Trial registrationPACTR201809544276357. Retrospectively registered on 14, Sept 2018.
Visual and anatomic outcomes of sustained single agent anti-VEGF treatment versus double anti-VEGF switching in the treatment of persistent diabetic macular edema
Authors: Sorour Osama A. , Liu Keke , Mehta Nihaal , Braun Phillip , Gendelman Isaac , Nassar Elsayed , Baumal Caroline R. , Witkin Andre J. , Duker Jay S. , Waheed Nadia K. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
To compare the anatomical and visual outcomes in eyes with persistent diabetic macular edema (DME) after initial anti-VEGF therapy that were retreated continuously with the same anti-VEGF drug versus those that underwent two successive cycles of medication change in anti-VEGF drugs (double anti-VEGF switch).

Methods
Retrospective review of eyes with persistent DME after 3 initial consecutive monthly anti-VEGF injections. This cohort was divided into two groups: Group 1 continued to receive the same initial anti-VEGF drug for at least 18 months while group 2 eyes were switched to different anti-VEGF medications twice. Group 1 was further subdivided into: Group 1A composed of eyes with less than 20% reduction in central subfield thickness (CRT) at month 3; and group 1B eyes with greater than or equal to 20% reduction in CRT. The percentage of eyes that achieved greater than 10 letters visual acuity (VA) gain or loss was recorded as the primary end point (through month 18 in group 1 and month 6 after 2nd switch in group 2).

Results
Group 1A, 1B and group 2 were composed of 24, 18, and 14 eyes respectively. 34.7%, 56.2% and 36.3% of eyes achieved > 10 letters gain, while 4.3%, 6.2% and 27.2% of eyes lost > 10 letters in groups 1A, 1B, and 2, respectively. Analysis of the visual acuity (VA) letter change in this time interval revealed no significant difference between all groups (p = 0.11). Mean VA and CRT measurements at the primary endpoint in all groups were 0.5, 0.39, and 0.47 logMAR (p = 0.44), and 369.7, 279.9, 321 µm, (p = 0.01) respectively.

Conclusions
There was no difference in the visual outcomes between the two treatment strategies in eyes with persistent DME after 3 consecutive anti-VEGF injections. This may indicate that anti-VEGF switching—even if it is done twice—may have comparable clinical outcomes to sustained treatment with one agent.
Percutaneous treatment of vascular access-site complications: a ten years’ experience in two centres
Authors: Minici Roberto , Paone Sara , Talarico Marisa , Zappia Lorenzo , Abdalla Karim , Petullà Maria , Laganà Domenico 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The spread of percutaneous arterial catheterization in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures has led to a parallel increase of vascular access site complications. The incidence of these events is between 0.2–1%. A detailed analysis of injuries by type of procedure shows a higher incidence of injuries after therapeutic procedures (3%) than those observed for diagnostic ones (1%), due to the greater size of the vascular devices used and the necessity to frequently administer anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy during procedures. The iatrogenic arterial injuries requiring treatment are the pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula, arterial rupture and dissection. Less frequent complications include distal embolization of the limbs, nerve damage, abscess and lymphocele.
Moreover, the use of percutaneous vascular closure devices (VCD) has further expanded the types of complications, with an increased risk of stenosis, thrombosis, distal embolism and infection. Our work aims to bring the personal 10 years’ experience in the percutaneous treatment of vascular access-site complications.

Results
Ninety-two pseudoaneurysms (PSA), 12 arteriovenous fistulas (AVF), 15 retrograde dissections (RD) and 11 retroperitoneal bleedings (RB) have been selected and treated. In 120/130 cases there were no periprocedural complications with immediate technical success (92.3%). Nine femoral PSA, treated with percutaneous ultrasound-guided thrombin injection, showed a failure to close the sac and therefore they were treated by PTA balloon inflation with a contralateral approach and cross-over technique. Only one case of brachial dissection, in which the prolonged inflation of the balloon has not led to a full reimbursement of the dissection flap, was then surgically repaired. At the 7 days follow-up, complications were two abscesses in retroperitoneal bleedings, treated by percutaneous drainage. At 3 months, acute occlusion of 3 covered femoral stents occurred, then treated by loco-regional thrombolysis and PTA. A total of 18 major complications was recorded at 2 years, with a complication rate at 2 years of 13.8%.

Conclusions
The percutaneous treatment of vascular access-site complications is the first-choice treatment. It represents a safe and effective option, validated by a high technical success rate and a low long-term complication rate, that allows avoiding the surgical approach in most cases.
Novel mutation in perforin gene causing familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 2 in an Egyptian infant: case report
Authors: Almalky Mohamed , Saleh Safaa H. A. , Baz Eman Gamal , Fakhr Ahmed Elsadek 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a syndrome of pathological immune activation characterized by clinical signs and symptoms of extreme inflammation. It results from the uninhibited proliferation and activation of cells of the macrophage lineage and leads to the production of excess amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The familial form of HLH disease is due to mutations in several genes necessary for natural killer (NK) cell and T cell granule-mediated cytotoxic function. These genes are involved in sorting, trafficking, docking, and fusion of cytotoxic granules containing granzymes A and B and perforin to the cell membrane of the target cell (using the proteins LYST, AP-3 complex, Rab27a, Munc 13–4, Munc 18–2, syntaxin 11). Defect in any of those proteins results in defective cytotoxicity. Consequently, genes included in these steps play valuable roles in the pathogenesis of familial HLH disease including perforin (PRF1) gene in which defect causes familial HLH type 2 (FHL2).

Case presentation
A 2-year-old boy suffered from hepatosplenomegaly and fever. He fulfilled the required criteria for the diagnosis of HLH according to HLH-2004 diagnostic criteria. We screened the patient for the presence of mutations in the coding exons and of PRF1 gene by PCR amplification of genomic DNA followed by direct sequencing of the PCR products. We report a novel homozygous deletion/insertion frameshift mutation in PRF1 gene (M28393: exon 2: c.536delAinsCG p.F178fs). We treated him with HLH 2004 protocol of treatment and showed a remarkable response with resolution of fever and decrement in the size of hepatosplenomegaly.

Conclusions
Our study discovered a novel frameshift mutation in PRF1 gene in an infant with HLH disease, and it is the first report of this type of mutation in Egyptian patients with this disease.