bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Illiberalism: Classifying Illiberal Trends in Central European Party Politics
Authors: Havlík Vratislav , Hloušek Vít 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter explores illiberal trends in the party systems of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Focusing on ANO, SMER, Fidesz and PiS, it first provides a comparative analysis of the ideology these parties use to appeal to the voters. Secondly, it traces the parties in power and analyses how they are translating the illiberal political concepts into laws and policy-making practices. The overarching aim is to understand the relevance that rule of law and legal issues have for the self-positioning vis-à-vis the national public and EU. Based on comparison and the empirical findings, it provides a typology of Central European illiberalism based on the difference between pragmatic and ideological illiberalism.
Party Rhetoric and Action Compared: Examining Politicisation and Compliance in the Field of Asylum and Migration Policy in the Czech Republic and Hungary
Authors: Beger Paula 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince the European refugee crisis 2015, the rather bureaucratic asylum and migration policy has become a highly politicised issue in ECE countries. The politicisation process started while political parties were involved with the policy. However, many studies have ignored the practice of executives’ and administrations’ action in this domain and knowledge of whether this public anti-EU rhetoric really resulted in non-compliance, therefore, remains limited. This chapter interlinks politicisation and non-compliance research in a comparative case study of Hungary and the Czech Republic. While combining findings of expert interviews, data on party manifestos and infringement procedures, it concludes that the partial politicisation did not lead to broader non-compliance in the Czech case, whereas the governmental-led politicisation in Hungary resulted in non-compliance. This difference is explained by the fact that in Hungary, the asylum-related administration, like other bureaucratic fields, has become increasingly re-politicised during the last decade.
Same Same, but Different: Domestic Conditions of Illiberal Backlash Against Universal Rights in the Czech Republic and Slovakia
Authors: Guasti Petra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn recent years, mobilisation along the cultural dimension intensified in East-Central Europe. Conservative groups, the Catholic Church and the radical right, as well as radicalised mainstream politicians, are increasingly adopting the populist socially conservative rhetoric, blocking pro-universal rights legislation and running electoral campaigns on the rollback of universal rights. These dynamics are an integral part of the illiberal backlash which centres around the notion of sovereignty. It rejects demands for universal rights as foreign-forced on the country by the EU or CoE. Using historical institutionalism to compare domestic processes around minority rights in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, this chapter shows that the mechanics of the EU member states’ backlash against minority accommodation can be mainly attributed to the domestic actors. As a result of different domestic configurations, some European norms take root, while in other cases, domestic actors seek to prevent accommodation and rollback rights.
Quantum extremal islands made easy. Part I. Entanglement on the brane
Authors: Chen Hong Zhe , Myers Robert C. , Neuenfeld Dominik , Reyes Ignacio A. , Sandor Joshua 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Recent progress in our understanding of the black hole information paradox has lead to a new prescription for calculating entanglement entropies, which involves special subsystems in regions where gravity is dynamical, called quantum extremal islands. We present a simple holographic framework where the emergence of quantum extremal islands can be understood in terms of the standard Ryu-Takayanagi prescription, used for calculating entanglement entropies in the boundary theory. Our setup describes a d-dimensional boundary CFT coupled to a (d−1)-dimensional defect, which are dual to global AdSd+1 containing a codimension-one brane. Through the Randall-Sundrum mechanism, graviton modes become localized at the brane, and in a certain parameter regime, an effective description of the brane is given by Einstein gravity on an AdSd background coupled to two copies of the boundary CFT. Within this effective description, the standard RT formula implies the existence of quantum extremal islands in the gravitating region, whenever the RT surface crosses the brane. This indicates that islands are a universal feature of effective theories of gravity and need not be tied to the presence of black holes.
A field theoretical model for quarkyonic matter
Authors: Cao Gaoqing , Liao Jinfeng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The possibility that nuclear matter at a density relevant to the interior of massive neutron stars may be a quarkynoic matter has attracted considerable recent interest. In this work, we construct a phenomenological model to describe the quarkyonic matter, that would allow quantitative calculations of its various properties within a well-defined field theoretical framework. This is implemented by synthesizing the Walecka model together with the quark-meson model, where both quark and nucleon degrees of freedom are present based on the quarkyonic scenario. With this model we compute at mean-field level the thermodynamic properties of the symmetric nuclear matter and calibrate model parameters through well-known nuclear physics measurements. We find this model gives a very good description of the symmetric nuclear matter from moderate to high baryon density and demonstrates a continuous transition from nucleon-dominance to quark-dominance for the system.
Dimension-8 operators in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory
Authors: Murphy Christopher W. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We present a complete basis of dimension-8 operators in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory. Attention is paid to operators that vanish in the absence of flavor structure. The 44,807 operators are encoded in 1,031 Lagrangian terms. We also briefly discuss a few aspects of phenomenology involving dimension-8 operators, including light-by-light scattering and electroweak precision data.
Improved opacity expansion at NNLO for medium induced gluon radiation
Authors: Barata João , Mehtar-Tani Yacine 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
When an energetic parton propagates in a hot and dense QCD medium it loses energy by elastic scatterings or by medium-induced gluon radiation. The gluon radiation spectrum is suppressed at high frequency due to the LPM effect and encompasses two regimes that are known analytically: at high frequencies $$ \omega >{\omega}_c=\hat{q}{L}^2 $$
ω
>

ω
c

=

q
̂

L
2

, where $$ \hat{q} $$

q
̂

is the jet quenching transport coefficient and L the length of the medium, the spectrum is dominated by a single hard scattering, whereas the regime ω < ωc is dominated by multiple low momentum transfers. In this paper, we extend a recent approach (dubbed the Improved Opacity Expansion (IOE)), which allows an analytic (and systematic) treatment beyond the multiple soft scattering approximation, matching this result with the single hard emission spectrum. We calculate in particular the NNLO correction analytically and numerically and show that it is strongly suppressed compared to the NLO indicating a fast convergence of the IOE scheme and thus, we conclude that it is sufficient to truncate the series at NLO. We also propose a prescription to compare the GW and the HTL potentials and relate their parameters for future phenomenological works.
Einstein-Cartan gravity, matter, and scale-invariant generalization
Authors: Shaposhnikov M. , Shkerin A. , Timiryasov I. , Zell S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We study gravity coupled to scalar and fermion fields in the Einstein-Cartan framework. We discuss the most general form of the action that contains terms of mass dimension not bigger than four, leaving out only contributions quadratic in curvature. By resolving the theory explicitly for torsion, we arrive at an equivalent metric theory containing additional six-dimensional operators. This lays the groundwork for cosmological studies of the theory. We also perform the same analysis for a no-scale scenario in which the Planck mass is eliminated at the cost of adding an extra scalar degree of freedom. Finally, we outline phenomenological implications of the resulting theories, in particular to inflation and dark matter production.
Unguis incarnatus – konservative oder operative Therapie? Ein praktischer Behandlungsalgorithmus
Authors: Moellhoff N. , Polzer H. , Baumbach S. F. , Kanz K. G. , Böcker W. , Bogner-Flatz V. 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDerUnguis incarnatusist ein häufiges Krankheitsbild, mit dem sich Patienten in der Hausarztpraxis, der dermatologischen Klinik oder der chirurgischen Notaufnahme vorstellen. Häufig führt die inkonsequente konservative Therapie oder die falsch-indizierte operative Intervention zu langwierigen und komplikationsreichen Verläufen, inklusive Rezidiven. Die Patienten sollten über die Komplexität des Nagelorgans aufgeklärt werden, um der Banalisierung der Erkrankung vorzubeugen, und eine entsprechende Compliance in der Therapie zu erreichen. In diesem Manuskript wird die sachgerechte Versorgung desUnguis incarnatusim Sinne eines praktischen Behandlungsalgorithmus dargestellt. Die konsequente konservative Therapie ist bei akutemUnguis incarnatusmit milder Ausprägung die Therapie der ersten Wahl mit guten Behandlungsergebnissen. Nagelerhaltende operative Eingriffe kommen bei moderaten/schweren akuten Formen zum Einsatz. Der chronischeUnguis incarnatus, ohne floride Infektion, stellt eine elektive Operationsindikation dar. Sowohl bei den nagelerhaltenden Eingriffen als auch bei erweiterten operativen Maßnahmen ist eine chirurgische Operationsaufklärung obligat.
A surrogate-assisted optimization approach for multi-response end milling of aluminum alloy AA3105
Authors: Ghosh Tamal , Wang Yi , Martinsen Kristian , Wang Kesheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOptimization of the end milling process is a combinatorial task due to the involvement of a large number of process variables and performance characteristics. Process-specific numerical models or mathematical functions are required for the evaluation of parametric combinations in order to improve the quality of the machined parts and machining time. This problem could be categorized as the offline data-driven optimization problem. For such problems, the surrogate or predictive models are useful, which could be employed to approximate the objective functions for the optimization algorithms. This paper presents a data-driven surrogate-assisted optimizer to model the end mill cutting of aluminum alloy on a desktop milling machine. To facilitate that, material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (Ra), and cutting forces are considered as the functions of tool diameter, spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. The principal methodology is developed using a Bayesian regularized neural network (surrogate) and a beetle antennae search algorithm (optimizer) to perform the process optimization. The relationships among the process responses are studied using Kohonen’s self-organizing map. The proposed methodology is successfully compared with three different optimization techniques and shown to outperform them with improvements of 40.98% for MRR and 10.56% for Ra. The proposed surrogate-assisted optimization method is prompt and efficient in handling the offline machining data. Finally, the validation has been done using the experimental end milling cutting carried out on aluminum alloy to measure the surface roughness, material removal rate, and cutting forces using dynamometer for the optimal cutting parameters on desktop milling center. From the estimated surface roughness value of 0.4651 μm, the optimal cutting parameters have given a maximum material removal rate of 44.027 mm3/s with less amplitude of cutting force on the workpiece. The obtained test results show that more optimal surface quality and material removal can be achieved with the optimal set of parameters.
Procedural recommendations of cardiac PET/CT imaging: standardization in inflammatory-, infective-, infiltrative-, and innervation (4Is)-related cardiovascular diseases: a joint collaboration of the EACVI and the EANM
Authors: Slart Riemer H. J. A. , Glaudemans Andor W. J. M. , Gheysens Olivier , Lubberink Mark , Kero Tanja , Dweck Marc R. , Habib Gilbert , Gaemperli Oliver , Saraste Antti , Gimelli Alessia , Georgoulias Panagiotis , Verberne Hein J. , Bucerius Jan , Rischpler Christoph , Hyafil Fabien , Erba Paola A. ,   4Is Cardiovascular Imaging: a joint initiative of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI),   the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith this document, we provide a standard for PET/(diagnostic) CT imaging procedures in cardiovascular diseases that are inflammatory, infective, infiltrative, or associated with dysfunctional innervation (4Is). This standard should be applied in clinical practice and integrated in clinical (multicenter) trials for optimal procedural standardization. A major focus is put on procedures using [18F]FDG, but 4Is PET radiopharmaceuticals beyond [18F]FDG are also described in this document. Whilst these novel tracers are currently mainly applied in early clinical trials, some multicenter trials are underway and we foresee in the near future their use in clinical care and inclusion in the clinical guidelines. Finally, PET/MR applications in 4Is cardiovascular diseases are also briefly described. Diagnosis and management of 4Is-related cardiovascular diseases are generally complex and often require a multidisciplinary approach by a team of experts. The new standards described herein should be applied when using PET/CT and PET/MR, within a multimodality imaging framework both in clinical practice and in clinical trials for 4Is cardiovascular indications.
The contribution of thymic tolerance to central nervous system autoimmunity
Authors: Alberti Piero , Handel Adam E 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAutoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are associated with high levels of morbidity and economic cost. Research efforts have previously focused on the contribution of the peripheral adaptive and innate immune systems to CNS autoimmunity. However, a failure of thymic negative selection is a necessary step in CNS-reactive T cells escaping into the periphery. Even with defective thymic or peripheral tolerance, the development of CNS inflammation is rare. The reasons underlying this are currently poorly understood. In this review, we examine evidence implicating thymic selection in the pathogenesis of CNS autoimmunity. Animal models suggest that thymic negative selection is an important factor in determining susceptibility to and severity of CNS inflammation. There are indirect clinical data that suggest thymic function is also important in human CNS autoimmune diseases. Specifically, the association between thymoma and paraneoplastic encephalitis and changes in T cell receptor excision circles in multiple sclerosis implicate thymic tolerance in these diseases. We identify potential associations between CNS autoimmunity susceptibility factors and thymic tolerance. The therapeutic manipulation of thymopoiesis has the potential to open up new treatment modalities, but a better understanding of thymic tolerance in CNS autoimmunity is required before this can be realised.
What causes the spread of model projections of ocean dynamic sea-level change in response to greenhouse gas forcing?
Authors: Couldrey Matthew P. , Gregory Jonathan M. , Boeira Dias Fabio , Dobrohotoff Peter , Domingues Catia M. , Garuba Oluwayemi , Griffies Stephen M. , Haak Helmuth , Hu Aixue , Ishii Masayoshi , Jungclaus Johann , Köhl Armin , Marsland Simon J. , Ojha Sayantani , Saenko Oleg A. , Savita Abhishek , Shao Andrew , Stammer Detlef , Suzuki Tatsuo , Todd Alexander , Zanna Laure 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSea levels of different atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) respond to climate change forcing in different ways, representing a crucial uncertainty in climate change research. We isolate the role of the ocean dynamics in setting the spatial pattern of dynamic sea-level (ζ) change by forcing several AOGCMs with prescribed identical heat, momentum (wind) and freshwater flux perturbations. This method produces a ζ projection spread comparable in magnitude to the spread that results from greenhouse gas forcing, indicating that the differences in ocean model formulation are the cause, rather than diversity in surface flux change. The heat flux change drives most of the global pattern of ζ change, while the momentum and water flux changes cause locally confined features. North Atlantic heat uptake causes large temperature and salinity driven density changes, altering local ocean transport and ζ. The spread between AOGCMs here is caused largely by differences in their regional transport adjustment, which redistributes heat that was already in the ocean prior to perturbation. The geographic details of the ζ change in the North Atlantic are diverse across models, but the underlying dynamic change is similar. In contrast, the heat absorbed by the Southern Ocean does not strongly alter the vertically coherent circulation. The Arctic ζ change is dissimilar across models, owing to differences in passive heat uptake and circulation change. Only the Arctic is strongly affected by nonlinear interactions between the three air-sea flux changes, and these are model specific.
The greedy strategy for optimizing the Perron eigenvalue
Authors: Cvetković Aleksandar , Protasov Vladimir Yu. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe address the problems of minimizing and of maximizing the spectral radius over a compact family of non-negative matrices. Those problems being hard in general can be efficiently solved for some special families. We consider the so-called product families, where each matrix is composed of rows chosen independently from given sets. A recently introduced greedy method works very fast. However, it is applicable mostly for strictly positive matrices. For sparse matrices, it often diverges and gives a wrong answer. We present the “selective greedy method” that works equally well for all non-negative product families, including sparse ones. For this method, we prove a quadratic rate of convergence and demonstrate its efficiency in numerical examples. The numerical examples are realised for two cases: finite uncertainty sets and polyhedral uncertainty sets given by systems of linear inequalities. In dimensions up to 2000, the matrices with minimal/maximal spectral radii in product families are found within a few iterations. Applications to dynamical systems and to the graph theory are considered.
Reading and spelling skills of prematurely born children in light of the underlying cognitive factors
Authors: Gráf Rózsa , Kalmár Magda , Harnos Andrea , Boross Gábor , Nagy Anett 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrematurity is a serious risk factor for learning difficulties. Within the academic skills reading has the greatest impact on the prospects of the students; therefore, studying the reading skills in the risk populations is very important. The aim of our study was to investigate reading and spelling skills of prematurely born children. Our target group consisted of 8–11-year-old children (n = 23) who were born preterm with very low birthweights (VLBW). For comparison 57 full-term children (27 good readers and 30 dyslexics) were included in the study sample. To assess the reading and spelling abilities the Hungarian version of the 3DM (Dyslexia Differential Diagnosis) was used. Cognitive abilities were tested using the Hungarian adaptation of the WISC-IV and the Rey Complex Figure Test. The data were analyzed with a novel statistical approach using the R program. In the cognitive measures the mean performances of all three groups fell within the normal range. In the WISC-IV Full-scale IQ as well as in some other cognitive measures the good readers significantly outperformed both the dyslexics and the preterms. The findings of the study did not confirm our expectation that VLBW prematurity should lead to developmental disadvantages in the acquisition of reading and spelling skills since in the reading and spelling performances of the good readers and the preterms did not differ, while both the good readers and the preterms scored higher than the dyslexics. The results suggest that the cognitive assets of the preterm children contributing to their reading and spelling performances were their good spatial–visual memory, working memory, and processing speed. The identification of the cognitive mechanisms underlying reading and spelling abilities is of crucial importance for designing intervention for children with deficits in these academic skills.
Enriched preference modeling and robustness analysis for the ELECTRE Tri-B method
Authors: Kadziński Miłosz , Martyn Magdalena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe consider multiple criteria sorting problems with preference-ordered classes delimited by a set of boundary profiles. While significantly extending the ELECTRE Tri-B method, we present an integrated framework for modeling indirect preference information and conducting robustness analysis. We allow the Decision Maker (DM) to provide the following three types of holistic judgments: assignment examples, assignment-based pairwise comparisons, and desired class cardinalities. A diversity of recommendation that can be obtained given the plurality of outranking-based sorting models compatible with the DM’s preferences is quantified by means of six types of results. These include possible assignments, class acceptability indices, necessary assignment-based preference relation, assignment-based outranking indices, extreme class cardinalities, and class cardinality indices. We discuss the impact of preference information on the derived outcomes, the interrelations between the exact results computed with mathematical programming and stochastic indices estimated with the Monte Carlo simulations, and new measures for quantifying the robustness of results. The practical usefulness of the approach is illustrated on data from the Financial Times concerning MBA programs.