bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anemia, nutritional status, and breastfeeding practices among mother-child pairs in vulnerable areas of Greater Beirut, Lebanon
Authors: Abou-Rizk Joana , Jeremias Theresa , Nasreddine Lara , Jomaa Lamis , Hwalla Nahla , Frank Jan , Scherbaum Veronika 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction: Micronutrient deficiencies and malnutrition during the first 1000 days of life can have lifelong effects on the physical and cognitive development of the child. Lebanon, host of the world's highest per capita number of refugees, is becoming increasingly vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies and facing a protracted crisis. Up-to-date, there is a lack of studies assessing hidden hunger, such as anemia and its determinants, particularly in a fragile setting.Material and methods: A cross-sectional survey was applied to 539 mother-child pairs of Syrian refugees and Lebanese host communities attending primary health care centers in 6 vulnerable areas of Greater Beirut, Lebanon between July and September 2018. The interview was completed by 476 pairs consisting of women of reproductive age (15–49 years) and children (0–59 months). The questionnaire gathered data on socio-economic characteristics, infant and young child feeding practices, and nutritional status. Hemoglobin concentrations were measured using the HemoCue Hb301 + analyzer. Data analysis used descriptive statistics, t-test, and chi-square test.Results: Overall, 45.4% of the women were lactating (LW), 16.6% pregnant (PW), and 38.0% non-pregnant non-lactating (NP/NL). The vast majority of the infants were ever breastfed (96.6%) and received colostrum (90.5%); however, more than half of the infants were offered pre-lacteal feedings (55.0%) and only one third were breastfed within the first hour after birth (35.2%). The rate of exclusive breastfeeding under six months was 22.2%. About half of the children were predominantly breastfed under six months (50.4%). Long-term breastfeeding up to the age of 1 year (47.2%), or even 2 years (19.2%), was practiced in line with the WHO recommendations. Anemia rates among mothers were significantly higher among NP/NL compared to PW and LW (26.1%, 17.7%, 18.8%, respectively, p < 0.05). Whereas, anemia rates among children were significantly higher in LW compared to NP/NL and PW (43.0%, 30.0%, 21,5%, respectively, p < 0.01). Among breastfed children, maternal anemia was significantly higher among anemic children (25.8%) compared to non-anemic children (14.0%, p < 0.05). Mild anemia of children under six months was significantly higher among overweight and obese mothers compared to mothers with a healthy BMI (67.7% vs 32.3%, p < 0.05).Conclusions: Despite an almost universal initiation of breastfeeding, early onset and exclusive breastfeeding under six months were low. Higher anemia rates were found among breastfed children and this was significantly associated to the maternal nutritional- and anemia status. Further analysis is required to examine the determinants of anemia and breastfeeding in this setting.
Barriers and facilitators to nutritional risk screening of older adults in primary care
Authors: Mills Christine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Over one-third of these community-dwelling older adults in Canada are at increased nutritional risk. Worldwide, two-thirds of older adults are at increased nutritional risk, although this figure includes those who are hospitalized or in long term care. Nutritional risk can lead to malnutrition; this occurs when an individual's food intake has an imbalance of energy, protein, or other nutrients. Nutritional risk and malnutrition are associated with poor quality of life, increased hospitalization, and premature mortality. Since malnutrition starts in the community, primary care is the ideal location for nutritional risk screening. If nutritional risk is identified early, before it progresses to malnutrition, it can be more easily treated. It is therefore important to understand barriers and facilitators to nutritional risk screening in primary care.Materials and Methods:The peer-reviewed and grey literature were searched. The databases CINAHL, Embase, Medline, and Google Scholar were used to identify articles related to barriers and facilitators to nutritional risk screening of older adults in primary care. A Google search identified publications from the grey literature related to nutritional risk screening of older adults. Key informants consisting of health care professionals working in primary care were asked to identify additional barriers. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) was used to classify the barriers and facilitators.Results:Nine barriers and nine facilitators relating to nutritional risk screening of older adults in primary care were identified. These barriers and facilitators were located within the following domains of the TDF: knowledge; skills; social/professional role and identity; beliefs about capabilities; beliefs about consequences; motivation and goals; memory, attention and decision processes; environmental context and resources; social influences; emotions; behavioural regulation; and nature of the behaviours.Discussion:The TDF can be used to examine the barriers and facilitators to nutritional risk screening of older adults in primary care. Identification and classification of these barriers and facilitators can aid in the development and implementation of interventions designed to improve rates of nutritional risk screening in primary care. Identifying older adults at nutritional risk can help to prevent malnutrition, by intervening early when poor dietary intake may still be relatively easy and inexpensive to address. Screening is the first step in this identification.
Effectiveness and acceptance of commercially available protein-rich meals and dairy products in increasing protein intake of community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Linschooten Joost O. , Beelen Janne , Borkent Jos , de van der Schueren Marian A. E. , Roodenburg Annet J. C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionHome-delivered hot meals and dairy could possibly prevent community-dwelling (CD) older adults from becoming malnourished when they are no longer able to cook themselves. Ideally, these products contribute to an intake of 1.2 grams of protein per kg bodyweight per day (g/kg BW/d) and ≥ 25 grams of protein per main meal. This study evaluated the effectiveness of these products on protein intake and explored the acceptance of these products.MethodsThe study was a single-blind RCT with CD older adults switching from self-prepared to commercially-available home-delivered hot meals and dairy products during 28 days. The intervention group (I) received meals and dairy products high in (≥ 20EN%) protein; the control group (C) received standard meals and dairy products low(er) in protein. Dietary intake was measured at baseline, two weeks (T1) and four weeks (T2) by a three-day food diary. After study completion, 25 participants (aged > 80y, 16 female/9 male) participated in focus groups discussing information on healthy eating, attitude towards high protein products, product acceptance.ResultsNinety-eight CD older adults (mean age: 80.4 years ± 6.8). Baseline protein intake was 1.09 (SE 0.05) (I) and 0.99 (SE 0.05) (C) g/kg BW/d. During the trial, protein intake of I remained stable at 1.12 g/kg BW/d (SE 0.05) while intake decreased in C to 0.87 (SE 0.03). More I participants reached the threshold of ≥ 25 grams protein at dinner compared to C but not at breakfast and lunch. In the focus groups, participants indicated to be aware of the importance of healthy eating (less salt and less fat). However, knowledge on high-protein products was low and participants did not know why intake of protein should be increased. Less social interaction was indicated as one of the main causes of deterioration of eating behaviour. Further, participants indicated that they primarily would like to enjoy eating instead of focusing on functionality. The ready-made meals were generally considered to be too large and low in vegetables.ConclusionsSwitching from self-prepared meals to ready-made meals carries the risk of a decreasing protein intake in CD older adults. To stimulate a healthy dietary pattern, focus should be on behavioural change and knowledge improvement. Besides awareness for healthy eating, food enjoyment is essential. Finally, meal composition could be improved to enhance acceptance.
Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like molecules are present in foods, blood and ileal fluids from ileostomy subjects: insight into possible metabolic implications
Authors: Tagliamonte Silvia , Gill Chris I R. , Pourshahidi Laura Kirsty , Slevin Mary , Lawther Roger , O'Connor Gloria , Ferracane Rosalia , Vitaglione Paola 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe endocannabinoid system is a lipid signalling system with several regulatory functions throughout the body including regulation of appetite, food intake, macronutrient metabolism, pain sensation, blood pressure, mood, cognition and immunity. It consists of endocannabinoids (ECs), their receptors and enzymes involved in their synthesis and degradation. The two best-characterized endocannabinoids are N-arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). They are ligands of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 which are located in the central nervous system (CNS) but also in in the enteric nervous system, in the liver and in the adipose tissue.Several structural congeners of ECs including N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) such as oleoylethanolamine (OEA), linoleyethanolamine (LEA), and palmitoyletahanolamine (PEA), show similar mechanisms of action, tissue distribution as well as pathways of formation and breakdown. They are considered “endocannabinoid-like” molecules acting through receptors that are located both in CNS and in the gastro-intestinal tract mucosa such as the G-protein coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). NAEs display EC50 values for human GPR119 and PPAR-α between 65 ng/mL and 1000 ng/mL. Some evidence indicated that NAEs, their phosphorylated precursors N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) and ECs are also present in food. Thus, we developed a food database of these molecules and we calculated the daily dietary intake in a healthy population.This study aimed to evaluate whether the concentrations of NAPEs, NAEs and ECs in the human intestinal lumen may support their activity through the receptors lining in the gastro-intestinal tract and if they correlated with those in plasma.The observational study (16/NI/0267, Ulster University) involved 35 ileostomists (18F/17M, aged 18–70 y, BMI 17–40 kg/m2) who collected overnight fasting samples of ileal fluid and plasma. The concentrations of NAEs, NAPEs and ECs in biological samples were determined by LC-HRMS.Data showed that NAEs and NAPEs were present in ileal fluids and plasma from all subjects ranging between 46851.0–104742.8 ng/mL and 0.3–59.6 ng/mL in ileal samples and 1159.4–3985.7 ng/mL and 0.19–1.24 ng/mL in plasma, respectively. Contrarily, no ECs in ileal fluids were found except 2-AG in two ileal samples whereas they ranged between 1.6–22.3 ng/mL in plasma. Differences between genders and associations of plasma levels with individual energy intakes were found.Altogether, the data demonstrated that NAEs in the intestinal lumen are sufficient to elicit metabolic responses through the gastro-intestinal receptors.
The impact of chronic stress and eating types on active ghrelin levels in response to acute stress
Authors: Fahrngruber Christine , Duszka Kalina , König Jürgen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChronic stress is associated with impacting eating behavior, namely food choice and energy intake, with a shift towards more palatable and energy dense foods. Additionally, eating behavior is influenced by other psychological factors like mood and emotions. The categorization of people into eating types such as restrained, emotional, and external eaters has gained attraction. Reported changes in eating behavior due to psychological stress are only occasionally accompanied by measures of physiological hunger through ghrelin. The primary objective of this study was to investigate how chronic stress and acute cortisol reactivity affect active ghrelin secretion and how these outcomes account for different eating types. 16 healthy, young males (age: 23 ± 3 years, BMI: 22.5 ± 1.3kg/m2) with low (n = 8) and average-to-high (n = 8) chronic stress level were subjected to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and a control version on two separate days. Active ghrelin, cortisol, glucose, and heart rate were measured throughout the test. Subjects rated their hunger by means of visual analog scale and current mood was assessed with the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). In addition, participants filled out the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) to account for their subjective eating behavior. Overall ghrelin values where higher on the test day compared to the control day. Ghrelin values were also higher during the time leading up to the stress or control test (TSST) than during the conclusion of said tests. On both days, mean values for active ghrelin where higher in individuals with low chronic stress exposure compare to those with average-to-high chronic stress exposure. While values from test to control day decreased for lower stressed participants, they slightly increased for higher stressed participants. Cortisol responders displayed higher ghrelin values on test day than cortisol non-responders, but this association inverted for the control day. Results indicate that chronic stress influences acute stress response and further alters active ghrelin production, which in turn can influence eating behavior. Replication in a greater group of participants of differing weight and sex could yield a greater understanding of stress induced eating. Factors such as relaxation techniques and coping mechanisms could further improve our knowledge and evaluate treatment possibilities.
A high content of Slowly Digestible Starch decreases glycemic and insulinemic responses similarly in Asians and Caucasians
Authors: Goux Aurélie , Neufcourt Lola , Brack Olivier , Atkinson Fiona , Vinoy Sophie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionGlucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes are increasing worldwide. Current scientific evidence tends to demonstrate that people with an Asian phenotype have a lower glucose tolerance compared to Caucasian phenotype. In addition, in Caucasian population, consumption of products with a high content of Slowly Digestible Starch (SDS) significantly decreases postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses compared to products with a low-SDS content. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of consuming products with varying levels of SDS on postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses, both in Asian and Caucasian populations.Materials and methodsFive products with varying starch digestibility profiles (determined by the SDS method developed by Englyst) and one glucose solution were tested. A randomized cross-over controlled study was set up in the University of Sydney to study the products’ Glycemic and Insulinemic Indexes (GI and II) and postprandial responses over 2 hours. 12 Caucasian and 12 Asian participants were recruited and consumed 50 g of available carbohydrates from each product (norm ISO-26642(2010)).ResultsAsian participants were 28.0 ± 2.6 yo with a body mass index (BMI) of 21.4 ± 0.3 kg/m2 and Caucasians were 26.0 ± 1.1 yo with a BMI of 22.4 ± 0.5 kg/m2 (no difference between groups). Among the products tested, 3 had a high-SDS content (26 to 28 g SDS / 100g) and 2 had a low-SDS content (0 to 2 g SDS / 100g). GI values for Asian participants ranged between 44 and 54 for high-SDS products (low GI) and were medium (64) or high (90) for low-SDS products. GI values for Caucasian participants ranged between 40 and 48 for high-SDS products (low GI) and between 60 and 79 for low-SDS products. In a statistical model including product effect, ethnicity effect, session effect, and the interaction term product*ethnicity, the product effect was the only significant parameter and products were split according to their SDS content. Furthermore, products with a high-SDS content decrease the glycemic peak value by about 1 mM, both in Asian and Caucasian participants. Consumption of high-SDS products also decreases the insulin demand by 29% and 32% in Asians and Caucasians respectively compared to low-SDS products.DiscussionOur study demonstrates that consumption of products with a high-SDS content similarly decreases the glycemic and insulinemic responses in both Asian and Caucasian participants. This decrease may be beneficial in the long term to prevent metabolic diseases.
Pre and postoperative deficiencies in iron, ferritin and B12 vitamin among portuguese patients undergoing bariatric surgery
Authors: Lopes Mariana Santos , Oliveira Bruno M. P. M. , Neves Olga , Melim Diva , Freitas Paula ,   AMTCO Group, Correia Flora 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction:According to the World Health Organization obesity it's the result of an abnormal or excessive body fat accumulation, which presents a high risk for the health. Bariatric surgery appears as an alternative to the conventional treatment for the morbid obese individuals. However, this type of intervention causes changes in the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, which may lead to the development of nutritional deficiencies in patients, in particular anemia.Aim:To evaluate micronutrient deficiencies in patients submitted to bariatric surgery in preoperative and postoperative periods, in particular iron, ferritin, and B12 vitamin.Methods:In this longitudinal study, we evaluated, retrospectively and prospectively, patients who attended the nutrition appointment at a central hospital. We completed a preexisting database containing anthropometric and biochemical data, adding biochemical data, at various periods: pre at 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th, 30th and 36th months post-surgery.Results:from the 121 patients submitted to bariatric surgery, 79,3% were female. The prevalence or iron deficiency reached 15%, ferritin deficiency reached almost 10% and B12 vitamin deficiency reached 18%. Furthermore there were deficiencies in other nutrients, e.g., vitamin D, magnesium and zinc. There was more than 85% adhesion to take the multivitamin supplementation and frequent use of specific supplementation.Conclusion:The prevalence of nutritional deficiencies is high, with a tendency to persist over time even with use of multivitamin supplementation, leading to the need for complementary supplementation, in particular to prevent the risk of anemia. Hence, periodic and long term monitoring is fundamental.
The adipose-derived Nerve Growth Factor is associated with abdominal obesity in prepubertal and pubertal children
Authors: Arizón Pilar Argente , Rupérez Azahara Iris , Aguilera Concepción , Leis Rosaura , Campos Mercedes Gil , Gil Ángel , Moreno Luis Alberto , Bueno Gloria 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionObesity is known to be associated with a low-grade inflammatory state. Most studies reporting inflammation in obesity have been done in pubertal children or adults or have focused only on the relation between body mass index (BMI) and the classical inflammatory markers. Nerve growth factor (NGF), monocyte chemoattractant protein–1 (MCP-1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are adipokines previously shown to be involved in the inflammatory context of obesity and metabolic syndrome but few studies have been conducted in children.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between NGF, MCP-1, HGF with total and abdominal adiposity and in prepubertal and pubertal children.Methods889 children participated in a prospective obesity case-control study (50.2% males, 72% prepubertals, 27% overweight and 43% obesity), paired by age and sex. The relationship between total fat (assessed using the BMI, the sum of skinfolds thickness (SF) and fat mass index (FMI) from bioelectrical impedance analysis and waist circumference as a surrogate marker of abdominal obesity) and plasma concentrations of MCP-1, HGF, and NGF was studied in prepubertal and pubertal children.Linear regression analysis for prepubertal and pubertal children, adjusting for age, sex and center was used.ResultsNGF was associated with WC, with a stronger association in prepubertal than in pubertal children. MCP-1 was positively associated with WC, SF, FMI and BMI in pubertal children whereas HGF was positively associated with WC and BMI only in prepubertal children. The strongest associations were between WC and NGF (β 0.123 95%CI 0.133, 0.709; p < 0.001) in prepubertal children and WC and MCP-1 (β 0.123 95%CI 0.438, 2.035; p < 0.001) in pubertal children.DiscussionTotal and abdominal adiposity are related to plasma concentrations of adipokines in prepubertal and pubertal children with obesity. Adipokines such as NGF, HGF and MCP-1 have not been so well studied so far in obese children. Particularly, NGF was associated with WC and BMI in prepubertal children and with WC in pubertal children. The association between this neurotrophin, secreted by adipose tissue and involved in the development and survival of sympathetic neurons, with adiposity, especially in prepubertal children, could suggest an anti-inflammatory mechanism and thus be a potential therapeutic target.Conflict of interestNone
Relative validity of a food frequency questionnaire for obesity surveillance in school-aged children – The Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative in Ireland
Authors: Bel-Serrat Silvia , Madigan Mairéad , Sheane Rachel , Murrin Celine M. , Kelleher Cecily C. , Heinen Mirjam M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionValidation studies are indispensable to test the appropriateness of dietary assessment methods used within epidemiological surveys to accurately assess food intake in young populations. The aim of this study was to examine the relative validity of the food group frequency questionnaire (FGFQ) used to assess dietary intake in the Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative.Materials and MethodsThis study was undertaken in a convenience sample of 33 Irish children aged 7–9 years old from urban Dublin-based primary schools. Food group intake estimates were collected with the FGFQand compared with those obtained with a 7-day semi-weighed food diary. Agreement between frequencies of intake between the two instruments were examined using Spearman's correlation coefficient, cross-classification analyses and weighted kappa.ResultsThe FGFQ over-estimated the number of portions for most of the food groups as compared with the reference method. Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from 0.75 (cheese) to 0.03 (flavoured milk). Level of agreement was moderate with an average correlation coefficient of 0.45. The proportion of children classified in the same category ranged from 96.9% (sweet treats) to 60.6% (vegetables). Misclassification was less than 15% for fruit, soft drinks, low fat milk, fish, savoury snacks and sweet treats and above 30% for vegetables, dairy products and pastries & biscuits. Weighted kappa statistic values ranged from 0.84 (sweet treats) to 0.10 (vegetables). Mean level of agreement was moderate (0.39). No agreement (< 0.0) was found for soft drinks.DiscussionAlthough the strength of association estimates varied by food group, strong to moderate levels of relative validity were observed. Our results show that the FGFQ gives acceptable estimates of food group intakes among Irish school-aged children and that the tool can be used for ranking subjects according to food group intakes.