bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicological evaluation of the stem bark of <i>Burkea africana hook.</i> (Caesalpiniaceae) in wistar rats
Authors: Eboji O.K. , Sowemimo A.A. , Ogunkunle O.O. , Sofidiya M.O. , Badmos K.B. , Abdulkareem F.B. 
Published: July 2020

Burkea africana Hook. (Caesalpiniaceae) is used traditionally to treat ulcers, headaches, skin disease and tumors. The study investigated the acute, sub-acute and chronic toxicity profiles of the ethanolic extract of Burkea africana stem bark. Rats of either sexes were used in this study (n=10). For acute toxicity, a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg was administered while for the sub-acute and chronic toxicity study, three doses (40, 200 and 1000 mg/kg) of the extract were administered orally for 28 and 90 days respectively. At the end of each study, the biochemical, hematological and histological parameters were evaluated. No mortality or behavioral changes were observed in the acute toxicity study. Extract caused significant changes in the hematological parameters after the sub-acute toxicity study. In the chronic toxicity study, the extract caused significant increase in the white blood cell count of the 200 mg/kg group. There was significant increase in the platelet count of treated groups compared to control in the sub-acute and chronic toxicity studies, with an observed total mortality of all the animals in the 1000 mg/kg group on the 44th day. No adverse pathology was observed in the organs examined. The extract elicited a hematological response and short term consumption of the extract at low doses might be relatively safe. However, long term consumption at high doses should be discouraged.
Effect of a combination of permethrin and diesel oil on <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> and <i>Ctenocephalides canis</i> in experimentally infested dogs
Authors: Ugwuoke G.M. , Idika I.K. , Pewan S.B. 
Published: July 2020

Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Brown dog tick) and Ctenocephalides canis (dog and cat flea) cause heavy economic burden for dog owners in Nsukka, south-east, Nigeria, and are also major cause of vector-borne diseases worldwide. A total of 40 apparently healthy dogs were randomly assigned to 3 groups (A, B and C) and experimentally infested with Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ctenocephalides canis. Each dog in Group A (n = 10) was treated with a mixture of permethrin and diesel oil while Groups B (n = 6) and C (n = 4) were treated with permethrin and diesel oil respectively. The remaining dogs in each group served as controls. Parasites were counted 48th hour post-treatment and efficacy estimated as percentage reduction in live parasites in treated groups compared to untreated groups. In Group A the average percentage efficacy was 99.7% while in groups B and C it was 98.3% and 72.1% respectively for R. sanguineus, Geometric mean of live parasites between treated and control groups was significantly different (p<0.05) for every day in Groups A, B and C. Tick and flea numbers can be reduced in dogs by the application of diesel oil as an acaricide.
Keywords: Dogs; tick and flea control; diesel fuel oil; permethrin.
Serological assay for <i>Trichinella</i> antibodies in slaughtered pigs and predisposing factors to trichinellosis in backyard piggeries in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Ojodale P.I. , Inabo H.I. , Ella E.E. , Okubanjo O.O. 
Published: July 2020

Trichinellosis is a cosmopolitan zoonotic disease that affects a large array of mammals, birds and reptiles caused by the eating of raw or undercooked pork containing Trichinella larvae. In this study, 200 pigs slaughtered at abattoirs and slaughter slabs within Kaduna Metropolis were screened for antibodies to Trichinella excretory-secretory (E/S) antigen using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). An overall prevalence rate of 16% was established. Age of the pigs revealed an association with trichinellosis (p-value=0.001) with juvenile and adult pigs recording prevalence rates of 5% and 11% respectively. Sex of the animals showed no significant association with trichinellosis but the females had a higher prevalence of 9.5% compared to the 6.5% of the males who had a greater odds (O=1.083) compared to the females (O=0.950). The farm management practices: intensive (1%), semi-intensive (2.5%) and extensive (12.5%) recorded a significant relationship with trichinellosis (p-value=0.001). Sources of the pigs whether markets, backyard farms or inheritance was significantly associated with trichinellosis (p-value=0.00) with backyard farm having the highest prevalence of 7%. Poor rodents control program, presence of snakes around and within piggery, feeding of pigs with dead animals and leftovers, lack of knowledge of pork-borne diseases, allowing pigs to scavenge and interaction of the pigs with stray pigs were very important predisposing factors to trichinellosis in pig farms established from this research. The result of this work therefore, is ofpublic health importance because meat and meat products are considered very important sources of daily protein in-take in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria.
Keywords: Antibodies; ELISA; Kaduna Metropolis; Nigeria; trichinella; trichinellosis; predisposing factors; farm management.
Occurrence and monthly dynamics of phlebotomine sand flies in parts of Sokoto State, north-west Nigeria
Authors: Usman M. , Natala A.J. , Jatau I.D. , Ogo N.I. , Balogun E.O. , Lawal M.D. , Mahmuda A. 
Published: July 2020

Phlebotomine sand flies are small tropical insects that have been implicated as vectors of several disease agents, including those responsible for the various forms of leishmaniasis. A study to determine the occurrence and monthly dynamics of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) was conducted in three Local Government Areas (Wamakko, Sokoto South and Kware) of Sokoto State, Nigeria between May-November, 2016. A total of 1260 flies were collected using modified sticky traps placed in the various biotope types (refuse dumps and sewage tanks). Two sand fly genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia were encountered. It was also observed that males account for 860(68.3%) while the total number of female specimens was 400(31.7%). More flies were captured in Wamakko LGA of the State with a total number of 757 samples (60.1%), followed by Sokoto South LGA with a total number of 503(39.9%). Refuse dumps harboured 1,149 flies (91.2%) more than sewage tanks with a total number of 111(8.8%). No flies were captured in Kware LGA. Sand flies were more abundant in the peak rainy season of August and September and less or absent in the dry months. It was observed that rainfall and relative humidity were essential meteorological factors that determined the occurrence of sand flies in the study area. This study confirmed the occurrence of phlebotomine sand flies and the possibility of Leishmania transmission in the study-area.
Keywords: Occurrence; sand flies; Phlebotomus; Sergentomyia; Leishmania; Sokoto.
Abundance and diversity of ectoparasites of wild birds in Pandam Wildlife Park, Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Daben M.R. , Echor B.O. , Da’an S.A. 
Published: July 2020

Birds’ populations are being threatened by parasites that have not received adequate attention by parasitologists. This study aimed at evaluating the abundance and diversity of ectoparasites of the wild birds in Pandam Wildlife Park. A systematic five-month study of ectoparasites was conducted. Sixty-two (62) birds were trapped using mist nets and examined for ectoparasite infestation. Wool soaked with 70% ethanol, using gloved-protected-hand; ectoparasites were carefully extracted, preserved in sampling bottles containing 70% alcohol for morphological identification. A wide spectrum insecticide (0.09% tetrametrin and 0.45 piperronyl) was used to pulverize tiny parasites on the feather over a white paper. Overall, 4,066 ectoparasites belonging to 5 orders, 8 families, and 24 species were identified from the trapped birds. Fiftysix 56(90.3%) birds were found to be infested with ectoparasites, while 6(9.7%) had none. Phthirathera, and Siphonaptera were the most and least abundant respectively. The highest parasites found were lice (96.60%) and the least, fleas (0.02%). Wing predilection site had the highest infestation rate (83%), and the lowest was the leg (0.37%). The most caught and most infested bird species was the West African thrush bird Turdus pelios (14.28%), followed by the Red-checked cuckoo-shrike and Bronze manikin (10.70% and 7.14%) respectively. Least species of bird infested among others, were the African paradise king fisher, Blue-throated brown sunbird, Blue-spotted wood dove, and Blue-breasted fire finch (1.79%). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the rate of infestations among the caught and examined bird species. The study provided useful insight and knowledge on how diverse and abundant ectoparasites of bird species are in this park and possible vector-borne diseases that may have zoonotic potential.
Keywords: Abundance; birds; ectoparasites; diversity; park; wildlife.
Nematode infections of Clariid and Claroteid catfish species in River Galma, Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Z.A. , Aken’Ova T. , Luka S.A. 
Published: July 2020

Two clariids, Heterobranchus bidorsalis (65) and Heterobranchus longifilis (15), and two claroteids, Auchenoglanis occidentalis (31), and Chrysichthys auratus (19) from River Galma were examined for gastrointestinal nematodes from May 2016 to February 2017. Overall, five species of nematodes were recovered from the clariids and claroteids. The nematodes were distributed as follows: in Heterobranchus bidorsalis, Procamallanus laevionchus (12.31%), Paracamallanus cyathopharynx (9.23%) and Rhabdochona sp. (1.54%); in Heterobranchus longifilis; Paracamallanus cyathopharynx (6.67%); in Auchenoglanis occidentalis: Procamallanus laevionchus (25.81%); in Chrysichthys auratus: Procamallanus laevionchus (5.26%), Contracaecum sp. (5.26%) and Spirocamallanus spiralis (15.79%). Nematode prevalence in C. auratus was higher in the wet than in the dry season; however, prevalence of infection in A. occidentalis, H. longifilis and H. bidorsalis was higher in the dry than in the wet season. Prevalence of nematode infection was also higher in male than in female H. longifilis while it was higher in female A. occidentalis, C. auratus and H. bidorsalis than males of the same species. Nematode prevalence was higher in larger (24.0-31.9cm) Heterobranchus bidorsalis and Auchenoglanis occidentalis. Prevalence of infection was higher in smaller (8.0- 15.9cm) Chrysichthys auratus. It is recommended that a larger sample size of especially Heterobranchus longifilis and Chrysichthys auratus, of which only 15 and 19 specimens respectively, were examined during the period of this study, be examined, to have a clearer picture of their infection by nematodes in River Galma.
Keywords: Nematode; catfish; clariid; claroteid; infection; prevalence.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in captive animals in selected private zoos in south-west Nigeria
Authors: Akinnubi T.J. , Morenikeji O.A. 
Published: July 2020

This study was carried out to determine the gastrointestinal parasite profile of captive animals kept in three private zoological gardens (Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential Library (OOPL) Wildlife Park, Q-BRAT Zoos and Gardens, OMU Resort) in south-west Nigeria. Animals were screened for gastrointestinal parasites via faecal analysis using standard coprological techniques. A total of 104 faecal samples were collected from forty-three animal species across the three zoos. Faecal samples examination revealed an overall parasite prevalence of 41.37%. The prevalence in OOPL was 35.29%, 62.5% in Q-BRAT and 40.54% in OMU. Gastrointestinal helminths identified were hookworm, Ascaris sp, Clonorchis sp, Enterobius sp, Trichuris sp and Dipylidium sp, while Entamoeba sp, Giardia sp and coccidian parasites were the only protozoans present. Hookworm and Ascaris sp had the highest prevalence of 39.53% and 18.60% respectively. Prevalence across five categories of captive animals (aves, herbivores, carnivores, primates and reptiles) showed that primates and herbivores had the highest prevalence rates (54.55% and 43.75% respectively). Coccidian parasites had the highest intensity in birds at OOPL. This study shows the presence of parasites of zoonotic importance (Entamoeba sp, Hookworm, Ascaris sp, Giardia sp Enterobius sp and Trichuris sp) among screened animals. The result of this survey calls for the improvement of husbandry practices, continuous parasite surveillance and therapeutic practices in the zoos in order to prevent a breakdown of animal and public health.
Keywords: Gastrointestinal parasites; captive animals; zoological gardens, zoonosis; public health; south-west Nigeria.
Effects of polymorphisms in the endothelin receptor B <i>subtype 2</i> gene on plumage colour in mule ducks
Authors: Lin C.W. , Wei L.Y. , Chang Y.Y. , Liu H.C. , Lee H.H. , Yu Y.H. , Chen M.C. 
Published: July 2020

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the endothelin receptor B subtype 2 (EDNRB2) gene on plumage coloration in mule ducks. Test mating (white Tsaiya × white Muscovy ducks) in combination with polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR RFLP) was performed to investigate the effect of non synonymous SNPs in two maternal lines (a conservation and a selection population) on plumage coloration in mule ducks. One non synonymous SNP (c.995G>A) was identified in white Muscovy ducks and white Tsaiya ducks by PCR high resolution melting (PCR HRM) and DNA sequencing. Genotyping results showed that the c.995G>A locus is associated with plumage colour in two maternal populations of white Tsaiya ducks. Further, the maternal genotype of c.995G>A SNP affects the plumage colour of mule ducks. Therefore, the polymorphisms within the EDNRB2 gene at c.995G>A in white Tsaiya ducks may be used in marker assisted selection to improve the plumage colour of mule ducks.
Keywords: Muscovy drakes, polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length, single nucleotide polymorphism, Tsaiya ducks
Assessment of genetic variation in Bapedi sheep using microsatellite markers
Authors: Maqhashu A. , Mapholi N.O. , O’Neill H.A. , Nephawe K.A. , Ramukhithi F.V. , Sebei J.P. , Nxumalo K.S. , Nedambale T.L. 
Published: July 2020

This study was conducted to assess genetic variation in Bapedi sheep using 14 microsatellite markers. Blood samples were collected from 174 unrelated Bapedi sheep on six farms in various districts of Limpopo and from the Agricultural Research Council Animal Production Institute (ARC-API) in Gauteng. Genotypes from other South African indigenous sheep, namely Zulu (N = 14), Damara (N = 11), Dorper (N = 8), and Namaqua (N = 11), were included to represent reference populations. The effective number of alleles averaged 5.6 for across the Bapedi flocks and was 4.9 for the reference breeds. Among the Bapedi flocks, the observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.56 ± 0.05 to 0.69 ± 0.03 and expected heterozygosity (He) values were between 0.75 ± 0.04 and 0.88 ± 0.01. Thus, there is considerable genetic diversity within the Bapedi sheep populations. However, the fixation index was high, indicating the possibility of inbreeding becoming a problem for these flocks. A neighbour-joining tree was constructed from the estimates of Nei’s genetic distances among flocks. The presence of Bapedi sheep flocks on all of the main branches of the tree along with one of the reference breeds suggests the present-day Bapedi is not an entirely distinct breed and that there are genetic differences between flocks of these South African indigenous sheep. Sustainable breeding and conservation programmes are needed to control inbreeding and to foreclose possible genetic dilution of Bapedi sheep.
Keywords: genetic diversity, germplasm conservation, inbreeding, indigenous sheep
Ingestive behaviour and performance of feedlot lambs fed saccharine sorghum and corn silages
Authors: Vargas Junior F.M. , Cansian K. , Pereira H.L. , Longo M.L. , Valério A.C. , Orrico Junior M.A.P. , Retore M. , Siqueira A.B.R. , Fernandes T. 
Published: July 2020

This study evaluated the ingestive behaviour and performance of feedlot lambs fed saccharine sorghum and corn silages. Ten animals were randomly selected from a group of 32 uncastrated male Suffolk lambs. The four treatments consisted of diets with 50% of silage made from forage sorghum (BD 1615), two varieties of saccharine sorghum (BRS 506 and BRS 511), and corn (BRS 2223). Ingestive behaviour was observed by a scan sampling method using seven strategically positioned video cameras so as not to interfere with the usual animal behaviour. The animals were observed for three 48-hour periods at 15-day intervals, with a total of 144 hours of observation. Video recordings were then examined to identify the time spent in ruminating, eating, drinking water and idling. Times spent feeding or drinking water were not significantly affected by the treatments. Animals fed forage sorghum silage had higher neutral detergent fibre (NDF) intake (0.41 kg of NDF), thus spent more time ruminating (342 min/day). Rumination time was similar for the BD 1615 and BRS 506 silages and was 85 min/day greater than for the BRS 511 and BRS 2223 silages, which were similar. Average daily gain was greater for BRS 2223 (275 g/day) than for BRS 506 and BRS 511 silages, which were similar (196 g/day). Ingestive behaviour for BRS 511 was similar to that observed for BRS 2223. Ingestive behaviour for BRS 506 was similar to that observed for BD 1615. Average daily gain was related to intake and ruminating efficiency.
Keywords: eating, idling, roughage, rumination, sheep (Ovis aires)
CONHECER PARA INTERVIR: diagnóstico do IFPB-João Pessoa para realização de atividades do PIBID/Sociologia UFPB
Authors: Santos Rita de Cássia Melo , Silva Adriano Felix da , Toledo Aline , Medeiros Brenno Ricardo Ramos de , (Ayra Liberato) Franklyn Sizernando Liberato , Cadore Marcelo , Cavalcante Paula Cristina , Mello Roberta do Nascimento , Cabral Selma de Souza , Mendes Tyago Carneiro , Silva Valter Gomes , Wagner Adolfo 
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho pretende apresentar os resultados obtidos com o diagnóstico realizado para atuação do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID/Sociologia/UFPB) no Instituto Federal da Paraíba (IFPB), campus João Pessoa. Realizado em 2018 pela totalidade de integrantes do PIBID/Sociologia/UFPB, o diagnóstico buscou produzir um material que permitisse uma visão ampla do campus e do ensino de sociologia. Deste modo, o diagnóstico pretende ser um material de reconhecimento do IFPB/campus João Pessoa e de apoio a pesquisadores que desejem desenvolver projetos no Instituto. O diagnóstico constitui-se de cinco grandes itens: a) resgate da memória da criação do IFPB; b) descrição da estrutura física e das características funcionais do campus João Pessoa; c) identificação dos movimentos estudantis atuantes no campus; d) caracterização do funcionamento do ensino técnico integrado ao médio; e e) levantamento da oferta da sociologia nos diversos cursos e o formato da disciplina.
Komunikasi Konflik Dalam Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Perikanan Di Kawasan Taman Nasional Karimunjawa (Kasus: Desa Karimunjawa, Kecamatan Karimunjawa)
Authors: Aulia Titania , Sarwoprasodjo Sarwititi , Satria Arif 
Published: July 2020

Differences of perception in the fisheries resources management in the area of Karimunjawa National Park (KNP) is still perceived by all stakeholders, especially the Karimunjawa National Park Officer (KNPO) as authorities. As KNPO, attempts to communicate with the fishermen, even with using of communication media, such as notice boards, poster, leaflet, and implementation of the No Take Zone Campaign Program. Fishermen believe that the lack of information due to lack of communication, so KNPO regarded as enemies of fishermen. The purpose of this study was to analyze the perception of fishermen on aspects of fisheries resources management, resulting in conflict due to differences in perception. This study has revealed that the social characteristics (age and experience of fisheries resources management) and trust of KNPO correlated to perception of fishermen in fisheries resources management aspects. The characteristics of fishermen who have different perceptions with KNPO were fishermen who lived near KNPO office, fishermen who did not participate in the activities of KNPO, young age, and fishing experience is still lacking. Keywords: communication media, perception, conflict
Sosialisasi Hukum, Keselamatan, Dan Keamanan Serta Keberadaan Anjungan Fasilitas Operasi Minyak Dan Gas Bumi (Kasus pada Nelayan di Pesisir Pantai Utara Jawa Barat)
Authors: Sirait S.E. Friska , Pandjaitan Nurmala Katrina , Matindas Krishnarini 
Published: July 2020

In case of oil and natural gas production, a restricted zone within 500-meter-wide around offshore platform was established. The restricted zone was established to protect all activities in the sea, including fishing. Socialization on law, safety, and security, and the existence of oil and gas operational facility platform has been held. Yet, it hasn’t stopped the fishers’ effort to do fishing in the restricted zone. Therefore, this study tries to analyze communication model in the socialization and components that affect communication as well as correlation among the factors that influence the effectiveness of communication and fishers' obedience toward prohibition of entering the restricted zone. The study was conducted in one of the coastal villages in Karawang Regency, West Java. Data were collected by using questionnaire, which was supported by conducting qualitative method. The data, which were analyzed by rank Spearman Correlation Test. Results showed that communication model on socialization is not a convergent model but a linear and interactional model. There was a difference between a facilitator of socialization and fishing communities in terms of education level, social class, and language that becomes an obstacle for fishers to communicate. The message materials have not been complete yet, and there is no emotional and fear approachesin the message content of socialization. The use of radio as a communication channel has been ineffective because most fishers do not have a radio. Experience as fishers is significantly related to the fishers’ obedience and their view is very significant to their obedience. Meanwhile, the age, educational level, use of fishing tools, attendance at faceto-face socialization, exposure on advertising spots in radio and posters at Fish Auction Site (TPI), and the frequency of communication among the fishers are not significantly related to fishers’ obedience toward the prohibition of entering the restricted zone.Keywords: socialization, restricted zone, and fishers’ obedience
Komunikasi Gender Dan Hubungannya Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan (Gender Communication Related Employees Job Satisfaction)
Authors: Sulistiyo Putri Asih , Hubeis Aida Vitayala , Matindas Krishnarini 
Published: July 2020

Harding and Hills’s standpoint theory said that human perspectives are shaped by their social and political experiences. Gender is a social construction that acquired through interaction and changes over times. Based on that theory, this study used to analyze are the rapid increased of woman labour, gender equitymovement in economic development, may affect the the traditional view about how women and men should act and communicate, and established the new meaning of masculinity and feminity in workplace area. The conclusion showed that gender inequity still exist toward women. Women’s job position and the level of gender communication based on dimensional stereotype, discrimination, subordination, and sexual harassment are worse than men, but yet women showed no complains and reported the same level of job satisfaction compared men.Keywords: gender, communication, job satisfaction