bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Persistence of Child and Adolescence Mental Healthcare: Results from Registry Data
Authors: Dijk Hermien , Freriks Roel , Alessie Rob , Mierau Jochen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous studies on the persistence of child and adolescent mental healthcare do not consider the role of time-invariant individual characteristics. Estimating persistence of healthcare using standard linear models yields biased estimates due to unobserved heterogeneity and the autoregressive structure of the model. This study provides estimates of the persistence of child and adolescent mental healthcare taking these statistical issues into account. Methods: We use registry data of more than 80,000 Dutch children and adolescents between 2000 and 2012 from the Psychiatric Case Registry Northern Netherlands (PCR-NN). In order to account for autocorrelation due to the presence of a lagged dependent variable and to distinguish between persistence caused by time-invariant individual characteristics and a direct care effect we use difference GMM-IV estimation. In further analyses we assess the robustness of our results to policy reforms, different definitions of care and diagnosis decomposition. Results: All estimation results for the direct care effect (true state-dependence) show a positive coefficient smaller than unity with a main effect of 0.215 ( p < 0.01), which indicates that the process is stable. Persistence of care is found to be 0.065 ( p < 0.05) higher for females. Additionally, the majority of persistence of care appears to be associated with time-invariant characteristics. Further analyses indicate that (1) results are robust to different definitions of care and (2) persistence of care does not differ significantly across subgroups. Conclusions: The results indicate that the majority of mental healthcare persistence for children and adolescents is due to time-invariant individuals characteristics. Additionally, we find that in the absence of further shocks a sudden increase of 10 care contacts in the present year is associated with an average of less than 3 additional care contacts at some point in the future. This result provides essential information about the necessity of budget increases for future years in the case of exogenous increases in healthcare use.
MSCs‑derived exosomes attenuate ischemia-reperfusion brain injury and inhibit microglia apoptosis via exosomal miR-26a-5p mediated suppression of CDK6
Authors: Cheng Chang , Chen Xiuying , Wang Yuhan , Cheng Wenchao , Zuo Xuzheng , Tang Weiju , Huang Wen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aims to explore the role of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes (MSCs-Exo) in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.Methods: Exosomes were isolated from MSCs of adult C57BL/6J mice by the gradient centrifugation method. The expression of miR-26a-5p and CDK6 in MSCs-Exo and mice brain tissues were evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blot. MiR-26a-5p mimics and miR-NC were transfected into MSCs, and exosomes were isolated from the stably expressing MSCs. Then MSCs-Exo-miR-26a-5p mimics or MSCs-Exo-miR-NC was injected into mice through the tail vein, or added into medium to stimulate BV-2 cells. Cell viability was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The apoptosis in brain tissues was evaluated by TUNEL staining assay. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay were performed to determine the relationship between miR-26a-5p and CDK6. Results: MiR-26a-5p was downregulated and CDK6 was upregulated in MSCs-Exo of MCAO and OGD model. MSCs-Exo-miR-26a-5p mimics significantly reduced cell apoptosis of OGD-injured BV-2 cells. MSCs-Exo-miR-26a-5p mimics significantly reduced infarct volume of MCAO-induced mice. Luciferase reporter assay revealed that CDK-6 was a target of miR-26a-5p. In addition, MSCs-Exo-miR-26a-5p mimics significantly decreased the expression of CDK6 in both OGD-induced BV-2 cells and MCAO-treated mice brains. Conclusion: Our results indicated that MSCs‑Exo attenuated I/R injury in mice by inhibiting microglia apoptosis via exosomal miR-26a-5p mediated suppression of CDK6. Our study shed light on the application of MSC-Exo as a potential therapeutic tool for cerebral I/R injury.
Estimating the number of people who inject drugs in Cherokee Nation using capture-recapture methods
Authors: Feder Molly , Winters Amanda , Essex Whitney , Mera Jorge 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Injection drug use is an important public health issue in the United States, and estimates indicate that American Indian and Alaska Native people are disproportionately affected. Injection drug use is also the leading cause of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the United States, attributable to over half of all cases, and contributes to 44% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition in American Indian and Alaska Native females. Existing estimates of American Indian and Alaska Native people who inject drugs are limited. We aimed to estimate the number of people who inject drugs in Cherokee Nation.Methods: A two-sample, capture-recapture approach was used. The first data source was an abstraction of Cherokee Nation Health Services electronic medical records from February 2017 through December 2018. The second data source was an abstraction from Cherokee Nation’s HCV Elimination Program Database from August 2015 through December 2018. Individuals were included in the abstractions if they were asked if they had injected drugs in the past six months during their health visit. The indirect prevalence estimate of people who inject drugs was calculated in accordance with the UNAIDS/WHO Guidelines on Estimating the Size of Populations Most at Risk to HIV.Results: In total, 198 individuals across both data sources reported that they had injected drugs within the past six months. This included 123 unique individuals from the first source, 69 individuals from the second source, and six individuals who were included in both sources. Capture-recapture calculations indicated an estimate of 1,613 people who inject drugs (95% CI: 1,530.27, 1,694.7). Conclusions: This study was the first attempt at estimating the number of people who inject drugs in Cherokee Nation, and one of the few existing studies to estimate the number of American Indian/Alaska Native people who inject drugs in the United States. Gaining knowledge about the prevalence of people who inject drugs in Cherokee Nation will inform strategies to support addiction care and treatment among people who inject drugs living in Indian Country.
Case Reports of Cerebral Sinus Venous Thrombosis in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Sitanggang Prysta Aderlia , Tini Kumara , Susilawathi Ni Made , Wijaya Ida Ayu Sri , Dewi Putu Utami , Samatra Dewa Putu Gde Purwa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has started in China since December 2019 and expanding worldwide rapidly with cases of respiratory tract infection and multiple system involvement. Neurological manifestations are not exempted following the reports from various sources about Ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke related to COVID-19, but the reports about cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT) are still rare.Case presentation: We would like to report two cases of cerebral sinus venous thrombosis in COVID-19 patients following the respiratory manifestations with profound haematological and coagulation disarrangement triggered by COVID-19 and these are assumed as underlying mechanism. These two cases also have different course of disease and outcome which are interesting.Conclusions: CSVT is one of neurological complication and COVID -19 manifestation that can have grave prognosis, if this involves the brainstem venous drainage. Thrombogenesis and coagulation cascades are prolonged despite successful alteration to negative result of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) test. Therefore, monitoring neutrophil to lymphocyte ration (NLR), D-dimer level, fibrinogen and C-reactive protein (CRP) is paramount as well as indicators of poor prognosis.
Epidemiology and management of endometrial cancer: experience of International University Hospital Cheikh Khalifa and Mohammed VI Center for cancer treatment at University Hospital Ibn Rochd Casablanca, Morocco
Authors: Bouziyane Amal , Benaguida Hicham , Lamsisi Maryame , Khoaja Ayoub , Benayad Samira , Ennachit Mohammed , Elkarroumi Mohamed , Benhessou Mustapha , Ennaji Moulay Mustapha 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background

Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women in high-income countries and its incidence has increased over the past 20 to 30 years. In Morocco, the incidence is close to those found in developing countries, but it is lower than those found in Western countries. To determine some epidemiological aspects of endometrial cancer in Morocco, we conducted a prospective study over 43 months at the International University Hospital Cheikh Khalifa and the Mohammed VI Center for Cancer Treatment at the Ibn Rochd Casablanca University Hospital, Morocco. 93 cases of endometrial cancer were included.
Results

The average age was 64. 36.5% of our patients had early menarche. 17.2% had menstrual cycle abnormalities. The nulliparous patients represent 40.8℅. 3 patients in our series underwent medical hormone treatment. 46.2% of patients claimed to have taken oral contraception during their period of genital activity, 79.5℅ were obese, 62.3% of the patients are diabetic and 49.4% are known to be hypertensive. 9.6% of patients are on hormone therapy with Tamoxifen. Metrorrhagia is the first symptom encountered in 62.2% of cases. Ultrasound was performed on all of our first-line patients and pelvic MRI was the most relevant examination in the pre-therapeutic assessment of endometrial cancer. Endometrial adenocarcinoma of the endometriotic type (81.72%) was the most prominent histological type. The therapeutic attitudes practiced were: Extended total colpohysterectomy for 17 patients. Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for 93 patients. Omentectomy was performed for 11 patients. 78 patients had undergone pelvic lymph node dissection, while 51 patients had undergone an associated lumbarortic dissection. 44.08℅ of cases were diagnosed at stage (IA) and 18.27℅ of cases at stage (III). At the time when we stopped our study, 42 patients had received radiotherapy as adjuvant treatment, ie 45.1% of cases.
Conclusions

Local and locoregional epidemiological studies should be multiplied to shed light on the interest of prevention by promoting a healthy lifestyle. Besides, genetic studies must be conducted to better understand the place of racial factors as risk factors for this cancer.
Pharmacodynamics of efavirenz 400 mg in treatment-naïve Chinese HIV-infected patients in a prospective cohort study
Authors: Xu Ling , Peng Wenxiu , Song Xiaojing , Li Yanling , Han Yang , Zhu Ting , Fu Qiang , Du Xiaoli , Cao Wei , Li Taisheng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The plasma concentration of patients treated with efavirenz (EFV) 600 mg was found to exceed the upper limit of the proposed therapeutic window in most Chinese HIV-infected individuals; thus, dosage reduction of EFV to 400 mg daily warranted consideration. This study aimed to assess the pharmacodynamics of EFV 400 mg for HIV-1-infected patients in China.Method: Twenty cART-naïve individuals were enrolled in this study. EFV 400 mg combined with tenofovir (TDF) and lamivudine (3TC) as an initial antiretroviral regimen was administered for 48 weeks. EFV concentration and T cell subsets as well as HIV RNA load were evaluated at baseline and at 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks. Moreover, neuropsychiatric adverse effects were also assessed by the Hamilton depression (HAMD) scale and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI).Results: Eighteen males and two females whose median age was 26 (interquartile range [IQR]: 23-32) years completed 48 weeks of follow-up. The median EFV concentrations were 1.88 (IQR: 1.54-2.42), 1.74 (IQR: 1.36-1.93), 1.93 (IQR: 1.66-2.22), and 1.85 (IQR: 1.54-2.14) mg/L at weeks 4, 12, 24, and 48, respectively. The viral load was 4.59 (IQR: 4.10-5.19) lg copies/mL at baseline, and it decreased by 4.6 (IQR: 3.98-5.18) lg copies/mL from baseline to week 48. Three of 20 (15%), 10 of 20 (50.0%), 17 of 20 (85%), and 18 of 19 (95%) participants had a plasma viral load less than 50 copies/mL at weeks 4, 12, 24, and 48, respectively. The median CD4 cell count was 330 (IQR: 237-410) cells/µL at baseline, and it increased to 473 (IQR: 344-574) cells/µL at 48 weeks. The HAMD score was 5 (IQR: 3-9.8) and 3 (IQR: 2.25-4) at baseline and 48 weeks, respectively. The PSQI score was 4 (IQR: 2-5.8) and 3 (IQR: 2-4) at baseline and 48 weeks, respectively. Dizziness was the most common event, occurring in 70% of patients within the first two weeks of treatment.Conclusion: Patients prescribed EFV 400 mg-containing agents demonstrated favourable virological and immunological responses. The plasma EFV concentration was within the recommended therapeutic range, with fewer adverse reactions than with EFV 600 mg. EFV 400 mg was effective and safe in Chinese HIV-infected patients.Trial registration: NCT04596488; Registered 21 October, 2020; Retrospectively registered
LncRNA URHC promotes cell proliferation by regulating a miR-5007-3p/DNAJB9 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: niu kunwei , Qu Shibin , Zhang Xuan , Dai Jimin , Wang Jianlin , Nie Ye , Zhang Hong , Tao Kaishan , Song Wenjie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the underlying mechanisms of lncRNA URHC in HCC. Methods: RT-qPCR, FISH staining, EdU, colony formation, and tumor xenografts experiments were used to identify localized and biological effects of URHC on HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. The Bioinformatics analysis, Dual- luciferase reporter assay, and rescue experiments revealed the potential mechanism of URHC. Results: We found that URHC was mainly localized in the cytoplasm. URHC silencing may inhibit the HCC cells proliferation. And URHC positively regulated the level of DNAJB9 by sponging miR-5007-3p. Conclusion: Together, our study elucidated the role of URHC as a miRNA sponge in HCC, and shed new light on lncRNA-directed diagnostics and therapeutics in HCC.
Delayed dynamics of SIR model for COVID-19 spread forecasting
Authors: Ebraheem Hameed K. , Alkhateeb Nizar , Badran Hussein , Hajjiah Ali , Sultan Ebraheem 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the most challenging tasks the world has faced since the last pandemic outbreak of 1918. Early on countries felt the strength and persistence of the virus infections spreading with no means of estimating the dispersion rates. Officials in infected countries followed several guidelines set by the World Health Organization (WHO) to try and flatten the infection curve and maintain a low number of infectives. Nonetheless, the virus kept on spreading with impunity and all predictions of how containments or peak detections have been a fail so far. Therefore, a need for a more accurate model to predict the peaking of infections and help guide officials on what best to enact as a measure of public health safety from a multitude of choices outlined by the WHO. Earlier studies of compartmental model of Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) did not predict the peaking of a hot spots flairs of viral infections and a new model needed to provide a more realistic results to serve public officials battling the pandemic worldwideMethodsA new modified SIR model which incorporates appropriate delay parameters leading to a more precise prediction of COVID-19 real time data. The predictions of the new model are compared to real data obtained from four countries, namely Germany, Italy, Kuwait, and Oman. Two included delay periods for incubation and recovery within the SIR model produces a sensible and more accurate representation of the real time data. The reproductive number 𝑅0 is defined for the model for values of recovery time delay 𝜏2 of the infective case.ResultsIncorporating two delay periods that corresponds to the duration of the incubational and recovery periods measured for COVID-19 gives a more accurate prediction of the peak pandemic infections per geographical area. The parameter variations in the model 𝛽,𝛾,𝛼,𝜏1,𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜏2 makeup different cases corresponding to different situations. The variations are estimated a priori based on what is being observed and collected data of an infected region to give officials better guidelines on what health policies should be enacted in the future.2 of 15ConclusionsThe empirical data provided by WHO show that the proposed new SIR model gives a better more accurate prediction of COVID-19 pandemic spreading curve. The model is shown to closely fit real time data for four countries. Simulation results are consistent with data and generated curves are well constrained. The parameters can be varied and adjusted for producing and/or reproduction of numbers within the range of each country
Identification of Hub Genes Associated with Melanoma Development by Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Jiang Jie , Xu Guoyong , Liang Tuo , Yu Chaojie , Liao Shian , Zhang Zide , Lu Zhaojun , Wang Zequn , Chen Jiarui , Chen Tianyou , Li Hao , Liu Chong , Zhan Xinli 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to identify important genes associated with melanoma to further develop new target gene therapies and analyze their significance concerning prognosis.Materials and methods: Gene expression data for melanoma and normal tissue were downloaded from three databases. Differentially co-expressed genes were identified by WGCNA and DEGs analysis. These genes were subjected to GO, and KEGG enrichment analysis and construction of the PPI visualized with Cytoscape and screened for the top 10 Hub genes using CytoHubba. We validated the Hub gene's protein levels with an immunohistochemical assay to confirm the accuracy of our analysis.Results: A total of 435 differentially co-expressed genes were obtained. Survival curves showed that high expression of FOXM1, EXO1, KIF20A, TPX2, and CDC20 in melanoma patients with 5 of the top 10 hub genes was associated with reduced overall survival (OS). Immunohistochemistry showed that all five genes were expressed at higher protein levels in melanoma than in paracancerous tissues.Conclusion: FOXM1, EXO1, KIF20A, TPX2, and CDC20 are prognosis-associated core genes of melanoma, and their high expression correlates with the low prognosis of melanoma patients and can be used as biomarkers for melanoma diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction.
Comparative Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Infections in Blood Donors Born Before and After the I Mplementation of Universal HBV&nbsp;Vaccination in Southern China
Authors: Ye Xianlin , Li Tong , Li Yi , Zeng Jinfeng , Li Ran , Xu Xiaoxuan , Guan Xiaoyu , Li Ling 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundNeonatal hepatitis B vaccination program at birth has been implemented nationwide since 1992 in China, which may impact HBV safety in blood donations actively. The true prevalence of HBV, HBsAg, and OBI between vaccinated blood donors and non-vaccinated blood donors should be explored. Study design and methodsThe samples of blood donors were collected and detected for serologic markers of HBV in the Shenzhen Blood Center between Feb 2016 and Jun 2016. The discrepant results were tested with commercial electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ELCI), alternative MPX ID NAT, nested PCR, sequencing, and a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. HBsAg and anti-HBs were quantified. The serological and molecular characteristics of HBV infected blood donors were analyzed, and the effects on blood safety for donors born before and after the implementation of universal HBV vaccination were compared. ResultsTotal of 242 reactive by NAT and/or HBsAg ELISA samples from 26318 candidate donors, 192 (0.73%, [95%CI, 0.63-0.84]) HBV+, 131 (0.49%, [95%CI, 0.43-0.59]) HBsAg+, 58 (0.22%, [95%CI,0.17-0.28]) OBI were confirmed respectively. The HBV+ rate in vaccinated donors is lower than in non-vaccinated donors (P<0.05). The HBsAg titers of vaccinated infected blood donors are much higher than non vaccinated infected blood donors. The OBI yield rates in the vaccinated blood donors were 0.11% (7/6422), and significantly lower than 0.26% (51/19898) in the non vaccinated blood donors (P<0.05). 102/124 (82.3%) samples are genotype B, 22/124 (17.7%) are genotype C total. There is no significant difference in the distribution of genotype in the non vaccinated blood donors (B/C,86/17) and the vaccinated blood donors (B/C,23/6) (P>0.05). High frequency of vaccine escape mutation M133L (32.4%) and E164G in S region of genotype B strains and substitution L175S (40.9%) related to vaccine escape in S region of genotype C strains identified.ConclusionThe universal HBV vaccination program markedly reduces the risk of HBV infection in blood donors, and provides a significant guarantee for the safety of blood transfusion. Several important mutations detected related vaccine escape and notable mutations needed further investigated.
Ambient temperature change Vs confirmed cases of COVID-19: A machine learning model
Authors: Jamshidnezhad Amir , Hosseini Seyed Ahmad , Ghavamabadi Leila Ibrahimi , Zilae Marzieh , Mousavi Hediye , Dehaghi Behzad Fouladi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background The relation between ambient air temperature and prevalence of viral infection has been under investigation in recent years. The present study aimed at providing the statistical and machine learning based analysis to investigate the influence of climatic factors on frequency of COVID-19 confirmed cases in Iran.Method The data of confirmed cases of COVID-19 as well as some climatic factors related to 31 provinces of Iran, during 04/03/2020 to 05/05/2020 were gathered from the official resources. In order to investigate the important climatic factors on the frequency of confirmed cases of Covid-19 in all studied cities, a model based on an artificial neural network (ANN) was developed. Moreover, the statistical analysis were used to assess the trend of positive cases in comparison with the fluctuations of some climatic factors. Results The proposed ANN model showed the accuracy rate of 87.25% and 86.4% in the training and testing stage, respectively for classification of COVID-19 confirmed cases. Moreover, multiple linear regression analysis was obtained the R2 equal to 0.40 and 0.68 in two cities of Qom and Ahvaz, respectively. The results showed that in the city of Ahvaz, despite the increase in temperature, the coefficient of determination R2 has been increasing. Conclusion This study clearly showed that with increasing outdoor temperature, the use of air conditioning systems to set a comfort zone temperature is unavoidable; thus the number of positive cases of COVID-19 increases. Also, this study shows the role of closed air cycle condition in indoor environment of tropical cities, along with the impact of climatic factors in the frequency of positive cases of COVID-19 and the capacity of ANN classification in the surveys.