bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Kurikulum Berbasis Pendidikan Karakter
Authors: Andiatma Andiatma 
Published: July 2020

Pengembangan kurikulum berbasis karakter adalah sebagai kegiatan yang berupaya untuk menyusun/ merancang (desain) kurikulum baru, mengubah dan menyempur-nakan/memperbaiki kurikulum, implementasi kurikulum, serta pengendalian kurikulum pendidikan Dasar. Pengendalian ini meliputi monitoring dan evaluasi kurikulum, serta penyempurnaan kurikulum berdasarkan masukan dari hasil monitoring dan evaluasi terhadap kurikulum pendidikan dasar yang telah dipraktikkan di jalur institusi pendidikan sekolah maupun luar sekolah dengan berbagai jenis dan ragamnya
Nilai nilai yang dijadikan pijakan dalam pengembangan kurikulum haruslah bersumber dari nilai agama, pancasila, budaya, dan tujuan pendidikan nasional. Nilai nilai yang bersumber dari empat pilar tersebut diejawanthakan dalam 18 nilai yaitu Religius, Jujur, Toleransi, Disiplin, Kerja Keras, Kreatif, Mandiri, Demokratis, Rasa Ingin Tahu, Semangat Kebangsaan, Cinta Tanah Air, Menghargai Prestasi, Bersahabat/Komunikatif, Cinta Damai, Gemar Membaca, Peduli Lingkungan, Peduli Sosial, dan Tanggung-jawab.
The Absolute Orders on the Coxeter Groups $A_n$ and $B_n$ are Sperner
Authors: Harper Lawrence H. , Kim Gene B. , Livesay Neal 
Published: July 2020

There are several classes of ranked posets related to reflection groups which are known to have the Sperner property, including the Bruhat orders and the generalized noncrossing partition lattices (i.e., the maximal intervals in absolute orders). In 2019, Harper–Kim proved that the absolute orders on the symmetric groups are (strongly) Sperner. In this paper, we give an alternate proof that extends to the signed symmetric groups and the dihedral groups. Our simple proof uses techniques inspired by Ford–Fulkerson's theory of networks and flows, and a product theorem.
Manajemen Risiko Likuiditas Pada Perbankan Syariah
Authors: Winanti Wiwin 
Published: July 2020

Manajemen likuiditas yang membahas mengenai posisi uang kas suatu bank dan kemampuannya untuk memenuhi kewajiban (membayar utang) tepat waktu. Manajemen likuiditas merupakan salah satu fungsi terpenting yang dilakukan oleh lembaga perbankan, dan bertujuan untuk mepelajari masalah resiko likuiditas dan harus bisa mengendalikan likuiditas dalam suatu perbankan syariah. Pentingnya penilaian atas likuiditas suatu bank, merupakan salah satu cara untuk bisa menentukan apakah bank tersebut dalam kondisi yang sehat, cukup sehat, kurang sehat, dan tidak sehat. Salah satu penyebab kebangkrutan suatu bank adalah karena ketidak mampuannya dalam memenuhi kebutuhan likuiditasnya.
Manajemen Risiko Hukum Pada Perbankan Syariah Di Indonesia
Authors: Purnama Yulia 
Published: July 2020

Risiko hukum adalah risiko yang timbul akibat tuntutan hukum dan/atau kelemahan aspek yuridis. Risiko ini timbul antara lain karena ketiadaan peraturan perundang-undangan yang mendukung atau kelemahan perikatan, seperti tidak dipenuhinya syarat sahnya kontrak atau pengikatan agunan yang tidak sempurna. Banyaknya pengalaman dan kasus yang terjadi di perbankan syariah menunjukkan bahwa risiko hukum terjadi karena lemahnya perikatan yang dilakukan oleh bank syariah, ketiadaan, dan/atau perubahan peraturan perundang-undangan yang menyebabkan suatu transaksi yang telah dilakukan bank syariah menjadi tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan yang akan ada, dan proses litigasi, baik yang timbul dari gugatan pihak ketiga terhadap bank syariah maupun bank syariah terhadap pihak ketiga. Kegagalan manajemen risiko hukum dapat menimbulkan penarikan besar-besaran dana pihak ketiga, menimbulkan masalah likuiditas, ditutupnya bank oleh otoritas, dan bahkan bisa mengalami kebangkrutan. Untuk itu tujuan utama ataupun upaya yang dilakukan Manajement Resiko Hukum adalah memastikan bahwa proses manajemen risiko dapat meminimalkan kemungkinan dampak negatif dari kelemahan aspek yuridis, ketiadaan, dan perubahan peraturan perundang-undangan dan proses litigasi . Banyak kegagalan dalam risiko manajemen hukum yang dapat menimbulkan likuiditas. Proses pengendalian internal salah satu upaya yang dilakukan dalam penerapan manajemen risiko hukum yang efektif. Adanya risiko inheren merupakan indikator penting dalam risiko hukum.
The Evolutionary Track of H/He Envelopes of the Observed Population of Sub-Neptunes and Super-Earths
Authors: Estrela Raissa , Swain Mark R. , Gupta Akash , Sotin Christophe , Valio Adriana 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The observational detection of a localized reduction in the small planet occurrence rate, sometimes termed a “gap,” is an exciting discovery because of the implications for planet evolutionary history. This gap appears to define a transition region in which sub-Neptune planets are believed to have lost their H/He envelopes, potentially by photoevaporation or core powered mass loss, and have thus been transformed into bare core terrestrial planets. Here we investigate the transition between sub-Neptunes and super-Earths using a real sample of observed small close-in planets and applying envelope evolution models of the H/He envelope together with the mass–radius diagram and a photoevaporation model. We find that photoevaporation can explain the H/He envelope loss of most super-Earths in 100 Myr, although an additional loss mechanism appears necessary in some planets. We explore the possibility that these planets’ families have different core masses and find a continuum in the primordial population of the strongly irradiated super-Earths and the sub-Neptunes. Our analysis also shows that close-orbiting sub-Neptunes with R < 3.5 R
⊕ typically lose ∼30% of their primordial envelope.
Photohadronic Model for the Neutrino and Gamma-Ray Emission from TXS 0506+056
Authors: Sahu Sarira , López Fortín Carlos E. , Nagataki Shigehiro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The detection of a high-energy muon neutrino on 2017 September 22 by the IceCube neutrino detector coincides with the multiwavelength flaring from the BL Lac object TXS 0506+056, most likely confirming an active galactic nucleus as a source of high energy cosmic rays and neutrinos. Using the photohadronic model, we have explained the very high energy γ-rays observed by MAGIC telescopes a few days after the neutrino event and extend the model to calculate the neutrino flux at different windows consistent with the flaring period of TXS 0506+056 and compared with the IceCube and MAGIC estimates. We also use this model to estimate the neutrino flux from the flaring of FSRQ PKS B1424-418, which is believed to be associated with the 2 PeV neutrino event observed by IceCube.
On the Determination of Rotation Velocity and Dynamical Mass of Galaxies Based on Integrated H i Spectra
Authors: Yu Niankun , Ho Luis C. , Wang Jing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The integrated 21 cm H i emission profile of a galaxy encodes valuable information on the kinematics, spatial distribution, and dynamical state of its cold interstellar medium. The line width, in particular, reflects the rotation velocity of the galaxy, which, in combination with a size scale, can be used to constrain the dynamical mass of the system. We introduce a new method based on the concept of the curve of growth to derive a set of robust parameters to characterize the line width, asymmetry, and concentration of the integrated H i spectra. We use mock spectra to evaluate the performance of our method, to estimate realistic systematic uncertainties for the proposed parameters, and to correct the line widths for the effects of instrumental resolution and turbulence broadening. Using a large sample of nearby galaxies with available spatially resolved kinematics, we demonstrate that the newly defined line widths can predict the rotational velocities of galaxies to within an accuracy of ≲30 km s−1. We use the calibrated line widths, in conjunction with the empirical relation between the size and mass of H i disks, to formulate a prescription for estimating the dynamical mass within the H i-emitting region of gas-rich galaxies. Our formalism yields dynamical masses accurate to ∼0.3 dex based solely on quantities that can be derived efficiently and robustly from current and future extragalactic H i surveys. We further extend the dynamical mass calibration to the scale of the dark matter halo.
Cosmological Model-independent Constraints on Spatial Curvature from Strong Gravitational Lensing and SN Ia Observations
Authors: Wang Bo , Qi Jing-Zhao , Zhang Jing-Fei , Zhang Xin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Applying the distance sum rule in strong gravitational lensing (SGL) and SN Ia observations, one can provide an interesting cosmological model-independent method to determine the cosmic curvature parameter Ω
k
. In this paper, with the newly compiled data sets including 161 galactic-scale SGL systems and 1048 SN Ia data, we place constraints on Ω
k
within the framework of three types of lens models extensively used in SGL studies. Moreover, to investigate the effect of different mass lens samples on the results, we divide the SGL sample into three subsamples based on the center velocity dispersion of intervening galaxies. In the singular isothermal sphere (SIS) and extended power-law lens models, a flat universe is supported with an uncertainty of about 0.2, while a closed universe is preferred in the power-law lens model. We find that the choice of lens models and the classification of SGL data actually can influence the constraints on Ω
k
significantly.
Was GW190412 Born from a Hierarchical 3 + 1 Quadruple Configuration?
Authors: Hamers Adrian S. , Safarzadeh Mohammadtaher 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The gravitational wave source GW190412 is a binary black hole (BBH) merger with three unique properties: (i) its mass ratio is about 0.28, the lowest found so far, (ii) it has a relatively high positive effective spin parameter

, and (iii) it is observed to be precessing due to in-plane projected spin of the binary with an in-plane precession parameter

. The two main formation channels of BBH formation fail to account for GW190412: field formation scenarios cannot explain the observed precession unless by invoking large natal kicks, and dynamical assembly in dense stellar systems is inefficient in producing such low-mass-ratio BBH mergers. Here, we investigate whether “double mergers” in wide hierarchical quadruple systems in the “3 + 1” configuration could explain the unique properties of GW190412. In this scenario, a compact object quadruple system experiences two mergers: first, two compact objects in the innermost orbit merge due to secular chaotic evolution. At a later time, the merged compact object coalesces with another compact object due to secular Lidov–Kozai oscillations. We find that our scenario is consistent with GW190412. In particular, we find a preferential projected spin around

. However, the likelihood of a double merger is small and the formation efficiency of these systems is uncertain. If GW190412 originated from a double merger in a 3 + 1 quadruple, we find a strong constraint that the first merger likely occurred between roughly equal-mass BHs in the innermost orbit, since the recoil velocity from unequal-mass BHs would otherwise have disrupted the system.
Supervised Convolutional Neural Networks for Classification of Flaring and Nonflaring Active Regions Using Line-of-sight Magnetograms
Authors: Bhattacharjee Shamik , Alshehhi Rasha , Dhuri Dattaraj B. , Hanasoge Shravan M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Solar flares are explosions in the solar atmosphere that release intense bursts of short-wavelength radiation and are capable of producing severe space-weather. Flares release free energy built up in coronal fields, which are rooted in active regions (ARs) on the photosphere, via magnetic reconnection. The exact processes that lead to reconnection are not fully known and therefore reliable forecasting of flares is challenging. Recently, photospheric magnetic-field data has been extensively analyzed using machine learning (ML) and these studies suggest that flare-forecasting accuracy does not strongly depend on how long in advance flares are predicted. Here, we use ML to understand the evolution of AR magnetic fields before and after flares. We explicitly train convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to classify Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager line-of-sight magnetograms into ARs producing at least one M- or X-class flare or as nonflaring. We find that flaring ARs remain in flare-productive states—marked by recall > 60% with a peak of ∼80%—days before and after flares. We use occlusion maps and statistical analysis to show that the CNN pays attention to regions between the opposite polarities from ARs and the CNN output is dominantly decided by the total unsigned line-of-sight flux of ARs. Using synthetic bipole magnetograms, we find spurious dependencies of the CNN output on magnetogram dimensions for a given bipole size. Our results suggest that it is important to use CNN designs that eliminate such artifacts in CNN applications for processing magnetograms and, in general, solar image data.
Origin of Large Meteoritic SiC Stardust Grains in Metal-rich AGB Stars
Authors: Lugaro Maria , Cseh Borbála , Világos Blanka , Karakas Amanda I. , Ventura Paolo , Dell’Agli Flavia , Trappitsch Reto , Hampel Melanie , D’Orazi Valentina , Pereira Claudio B. , Tagliente Giuseppe , Szabó Gyula M. , Pignatari Marco , Battino Umberto , Tattersall Ashley , Ek Mattias , Schönbächler Maria , Hron Josef , Nittler Larry R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Stardust grains that originated in ancient stars and supernovae are recovered from meteorites and carry the detailed composition of their astronomical sites of origin. We present evidence that the majority of large (μm-sized) meteoritic silicon carbide (SiC) grains formed in C-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars that were more metal-rich than the Sun. In the framework of the slow neutron captures (the s process) that occur in AGB stars, the lower-than-solar

Sr/

Sr isotopic ratios measured in the large SiC grains can only be accompanied by Ce/Y elemental ratios that are also lower than solar and predominately observed in metal-rich barium stars—the binary companions of AGB stars. Such an origin suggests that these large grains represent the material from high-metallicity AGB stars needed to explain the s-process nucleosynthesis variations observed in bulk meteorites. In the outflows of metal-rich, C-rich AGB stars, SiC grains are predicted to be small (≃0.2 μm); large (≃μm-sized) SiC grains can grow if the number of dust seeds is 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than the standard value of 10−13 times the number of H atoms. We therefore predict that with increasing metallicity, the number of dust seeds might decrease, resulting in the production of larger SiC grains.
Obliquity of an Earth-like Planet from Frequency Modulation of Its Direct-imaged Lightcurve: Mock Analysis from General Circulation Model Simulation
Authors: Nakagawa Yuta , Kodama Takanori , Ishiwatari Masaki , Kawahara Hajime , Suto Yasushi , Takahashi Yoshiyuki O. , Hashimoto George L. , Kuramoto Kiyoshi , Nakajima Kensuke , Takehiro Shin-ichi , Hayashi Yoshi-Yuki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Direct-imaging techniques of exoplanets have made significant progress recently and will eventually enable monitoring of photometric and spectroscopic signals of Earth-like habitable planets. The presence of clouds, however, would remain as one of the most uncertain components in deciphering such direct-imaged signals of planets. We attempt to examine how the planetary obliquity produces different cloud patterns by performing a series of general circulation model simulation runs using a set of parameters relevant for our Earth. Then we use the simulated photometric lightcurves to compute their frequency modulation that is due to the planetary spin–orbit coupling over an entire orbital period, and we attempt to see to what extent one can estimate the obliquity of an Earth twin. We find that it is possible to estimate the obliquity of an Earth twin within the uncertainty of several degrees with a dedicated 4 m space telescope at 10 pc away from the system if the stellar flux is completely blocked. While our conclusion is based on several idealized assumptions, a frequency modulation of a directly imaged Earth-like planet offers a unique methodology to determine its obliquity.
A Catalog of RV Variable Star Candidates from LAMOST
Authors: Tian Zhijia , Liu Xiaowei , Yuan Haibo , Fang Xuan , Chen Bingqiu , Xiang Maosheng , Huang Yang , Bi Shaolan , Yang Wuming , Wu Yaqian , Wang Chun , Zhang Huawei , Huo Zhiying , Yang Yong , Liu Gaochao , Guo Jincheng , Zhang Meng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Radial velocity (RV) variable stars are important in astrophysics. The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) spectroscopic survey has provided ∼6.5 million stellar spectra in its Data Release 4 (DR4). During the survey ∼4.7 million unique sources were targeted and ∼1 million stars observed repeatedly. The probabilities of stars being RV variables are estimated by comparing the observed RV variations with simulated ones. We build a catalog of 80,702 RV variable candidates with probability greater than 0.60 by analyzing the multi-epoch sources covered by LAMOST DR4. Simulations and cross-identifications show that the purity of the catalog is higher than 80%. The catalog consists of 77% binary systems and 7% pulsating stars as well as 16% pollution by single stars. 3138 RV variables are classified through cross-identifications with published results in literatures. By using the 3138 sources common in both LAMOST and a collection of published RV variable catalogs, we are able to analyze LAMOST’s RV variable detection rate. The efficiency of the method adopted in this work relies not only on the sampling frequency of observations but also periods and amplitudes of RV variables. With the progress of LAMOST, Gaia, and other surveys, more and more RV variables will be confirmed and classified. This catalog is valuable for other large-scale surveys, especially for RV variable searches. The catalog will be released according to the LAMOST Data Policy via http://dr4.lamost.org.
Le permis de conduire chez les jeunes : qui ne le passe pas (encore) et pourquoi ?
Authors: Rérat Patrick , Haldimann Lucas 
Published: July 2020

Bien davantage qu’un simple document officiel, le permis de conduire représente un ensemble de règles, le droit de conduire légalement, mais aussi un rituel lié à l’entrée dans l’âge adulte. Ce qui était devenu un passage quasi obligé semble pourtant avoir perdu de son attrait, les jeunes étant moins nombreux à posséder un permis de conduire. Basé sur une large enquête (plus de 40’000 répondants) menée en Suisse, cet article aborde les déterminants de l’obtention du permis et identifie des effets de genre, de catégorie socio-professionnelle, de contexte territorial, d’origine nationale ou encore de dimensions psychologiques. Il analyse également les raisons quant à la non-possession du permis (absence d’utilité, coûts, manque de temps et convictions environnementales) et leur fréquence parmi les différentes catégories de jeunes. Dans l’ensemble, la baisse de la proportion de jeunes titulaires du permis constatée ces dernières décennies apparaît, à la lumière de cette analyse, davantage comme la conséquence d’un report que d’un renoncement, seule une très petite minorité des jeunes ne prévoyant pas de l’obtenir. Ce report pourrait montrer la résilience du système automobile (vivre sans permis étant une période limitée avant la motorisation), mais aussi être l’indice d’aspirations, de priorités, de représentations moins favorables à la voiture quand bien même elle demeure un mode de transport incontournable.
La remise en cause du tout automobile
Authors: Héran Frédéric 
Published: July 2020

Le « tout automobile » est un chrononyme rétrospectif ayant pour but de caractériser après coup une période historique, en vue de dénoncer ses excès. Il peut pourtant être clairement défini comme la priorité accordée à la voiture, en toutes circonstances ; les autres modes de déplacement ayant le droit d’exister et même de se développer, à condition toutefois de ne pas entraver l’usage de l’automobile. Ainsi précisé, c’est un concept opératoire qui révèle les logiques sous-jacentes des solutions mises œuvre pendant l’essor de l’automobile. La circulation génère cependant de nombreuses externalités négatives. Or, l’analyse de ces nuisances et de leurs impacts ne cesse de progresser, nourrissant de ce fait une opposition grandissante, à l’égard des modes individuels motorisés. La remise en cause du tout automobile se résume ainsi à des luttes visant à ne plus forcément accorder la priorité à la voiture. Trois époques peuvent être distinguées, selon la profondeur et l’étendue de la contestation. La première, qui a débuté dès les années 1920 aux États-Unis, ne cherche qu’à protéger les quartiers, en reportant le trafic dans les artères alentour. La seconde, engagée dans les années 1960, vise à protéger les zones denses en reportant le trafic en périphérie. La troisième, plus récente, a désormais l’ambition de protéger la planète rendant la contestation plus cohérente. Mais ces époques se chevauchent en partie et sont décalées dans le temps, selon les territoires et l’importante des nuisances auxquelles ils sont soumis.
L’émergence du stationnement-durable dans les TOD de banlieue. Regards croisés sur deux projets de la région montréalaise
Authors: Paulhiac Florence , Vernier Blandine 
Published: July 2020

Alors que le Transit Oriented Development (TOD) s’impose comme le nouveau modèle d’urbanisme en Amérique du Nord, celui-ci soulève plusieurs enjeux pour l’action collective urbaine. Ceux-ci concernent tout d’abord les modalités de planification de ces nouveaux quartiers qui impliquent une coordination transport-urbanisme complexe à impulser. Ils concernent également le contenu des projets qui promeuvent un urbanisme et une mobilité durables. Les objectifs généraux de ces projets visent à contrer les dynamiques d’étalement urbain et de dépendance automobile. Dans cette perspective, la programmation du stationnement dans les TOD apparaît comme un élément essentiel des stratégies de mobilité durable. Le stationnement, généralement maximisé et pensé comme « stationnement transport » dans les politiques urbaines nord-américaines, est alors conçu et optimisé comme un « stationnement durable ». Le défi dans ce domaine est d’autant plus fort dans le contexte des banlieues caractérisé aujourd’hui par une forte dépendance à la voiture. Ainsi, cet article analyse la façon dont les acteurs de l’aménagement s’approprient ce nouveau concept et l’opérationnalisent. La recherche se penche sur la planification détaillée de deux TOD situés en banlieue montréalaise. Chaque projet est planifié au sein d’un Bureau de Projet multipartite. Les Bureaux développent une nouvelle approche consensuelle du stationnement : considéré comme un maillon clé de la mobilité durable, sa place dans l’espace public doit être restreinte, mieux intégrée au cadre bâti, et les externalités négatives qu’il engendre réduites (sociétale, environnementale, économique, etc.). Cependant, de nombreux risques entourent l’opérationnalisation de cette vision. Ainsi, les dynamiques de changement à l’œuvre se heurtent à quelques freins, parmi lesquels l’acceptabilité sociale des mesures joue un rôle majeur. Gérer ces freins suppose, pour la municipalité en charge des projets, des processus de négociation et de concertation qui dépassent largement le cadre et la temporalité des bureaux des projets.