bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periostin regulates autophagy through integrin α5β1 or α6β4 and an AKT‐dependent pathway in colorectal cancer cell migration
Authors: Thongchot Suyanee , Singsuksawat Ekapot , Sumransub Nuttavut , Pongpaibul Ananya , Trakarnsanga Attaporn , Thuwajit Peti , Thuwajit Chanitra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most fatal cancers with highly invasive properties. The progression of CRC is determined by the driving force of periostin (PN) from cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumour microenvironment. This present work aims to investigate autophagy‐mediated CRC invasion via the receptor integrin (ITG) by PN. The level of PN in 410 clinical CRC tissues was found increased and was an independent poor prognosis marker (HR = 2.578, 95% CI = 1.218‐5.457, P‐value = .013) with a significant correlation with overall survival time (P‐value < .001). PN activated proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells, but with reduced autophagy. Interestingly, the reduction of LC3 autophagic protein corresponded to the increased ability of CRC cell migration. The siITGα5‐treated HT‐29 and siITGβ4‐treated HCT‐116 CRC cells attenuated epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transitions (EMT)‐related genes and pAKT compared with those in siITG‐untreated cells. The reduction of pAKT by a PI3K inhibitor significantly restored autophagy in CRC cells. These evidences confirmed the effect of PN through either ITGα5β1 or ITGα6β4 and the AKT‐dependent pathway to control autophagy‐regulated cell migration. In conclusion, these results exhibited the impact of PN activation of ITGα5β1 or ITGα6β4 through pAKT in autophagy‐mediated EMT and migration in CRC cells.
Increased expression profile of NCSTN, Notch and PI3K/AKT3 in hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Hessam S. , Gambichler T. , Skrygan M. , Scholl L. , Sand M. , Meyer T. , Stockfleth E. , Bechara F.G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn a small number of kindreds with familial hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) different mutations of NCSTN (nicastrin) have been identified. Blocking of NCSTN leads to impairment of the Notch and PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, which is assumed to play a pathogenic role in HS. However, very limited data are available concerning expression levels of these pathway components in HS skin.ObjectivesTo analyse the mRNA and protein expression of NCSTN, Notch1–3, PIK3R3 and AKT3 in HS.MethodsSkin samples from healthy controls, lesional and perilesional skin of HS patients with and without a positive family history were analysed by quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. Univariate statistical analyses were conducted regarding association between expression levels and patient's characteristics.ResultsExpression levels of all investigated genes showed significantly higher levels in lesional HS skin compared with healthy controls. Univariate analysis showed no association between a positive family history and mRNA expression levels. Perilesional HS skin of patients with mild disease severity (Hurley I) showed significant higher mRNA expression levels of the investigated pathway components compared to moderate (Hurley II) and severe disease (Hurley III).ConclusionWe found no evidence for diminished expression levels of the Notch signalling. In contrast, the NCSTN, Notch and PI3K/AKT signalling components are overexpressed in HS. Future research is needed to investigate a possible pathogenetic role or to reveal a coactivation of these overexpressed components during inflammatory response in HS.
The life history characteristics of Neosebastes pandus and the relationship between sexually dimorphic growth and reproductive strategy among Scorpaeniformes
Authors: Coulson Peter G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractScorpaeniformes are an important component of commercial and recreational fisheries world‐wide. The Neosebastes species, found in the western Pacific and south‐east Indian Ocean, have received little attention from a research perspective. Samples of the bighead gurnard perch, Neosebastes pandus, collected from the lower west and south coasts of Western Australia, were used to undertake the first comprehensive investigation of the biological characteristics of a Neosebastes species. Opaque zones in sectioned sagittal otoliths were validated as forming annually. Female N. pandus grow to a significantly larger size, on average, than males and dominate the largest size classes, while males, growing to a smaller size, accumulate in the intermediate size classes. Although males were far less numerous than females in those age classes in which both sexes were found, males and females attain similar maximum ages >25 years. Neosebastes pandus spawns over a brief period between May (austral late autumn) and July (austral mid‐autumn) when water temperature and day length are declining. The mean monthly gonadosomatic indices (GSI, IGS) values of females during the spawning period are 37–50 times higher than those of males, which mature at an earlier age and smaller length compared to females. Histological examination of the ovaries of females indicate that their structure is consistent with “general” teleost ovarian anatomy and thus differs from Scorpaena, Helicolenus and Sebastes species whose ovaries are adapted for specialized reproductive modes. The reproductive strategy of N. pandus of maximizing the reproductive output of females, by this sex attaining a larger size than males and pair spawning (i.e., large disparity in IGS values) demonstrates the close lineage between the Neosebastes and other Scorpaeniformes, such as the Scorpaena, Helicolenus and Sebastes.
Juvenile and Family Court Judges’ Knowledge and Attitudes About Sex Trafficking of Minors: Associations with Gender, Race, and U.S. Region
Authors: Cole Jennifer , Sprang Ginny , Leistner Christine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractJuvenile and family court judges are a professional group that have a significant amount of decision‐making power in cases of sex trafficking of minors. The purpose of this project is to examine the association of juvenile and family court judges’ gender, race, and U.S. region with their attitudes and knowledge about sex trafficking of minors. Drawing from a survey of 55 juvenile and family court judges in the U.S., this study used standardized scales to measure attitudes and knowledge about child sex trafficking. Results indicate some differences by gender and geography in a sample of experienced judges across the U.S. The consistency of these findings are discussed in the context of other research and implications for targeted training.
Categorization and authentication of Beijing‐you chicken from four breeds of chickens using near‐infrared hyperspectral imaging combined with chemometrics
Authors: Zhang Binhui , Gao Song , Jia Fei , Liu Xue , Li Xingmin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBeijing‐you chicken (BJY) is a classic chicken breed originating from the Beijing area. BJY is popular among the local people and faces the risk of counterfeiting in the market. In this study, hyperspectral imaging in tandem with multivariate analyses were employed to identify and authenticate BJY among four common chicken breeds. Images of chicken breasts (50 each) were collected in the near‐infrared range (900–1,700 nm) and five pretreatment methods were implemented individually after spectra extraction. Different combinations of pretreatments and grouping methods were used with two statistical classifiers (k‐nearest neighbor and support vector machine) before and after feature wavelength selection using successive projections algorithm. Finally, a comparatively satisfactory result was achieved, and the accuracies reached 100% for the calibration set and 92% for the prediction set, in which BJY could almost be identified with a 98% accuracy rate. The results indicated that the hyperspectral imaging technique was a promising method for industrial applications to address fraud in determining chicken breeds.Practical ApplicationsBeijing‐you chicken is a precious breed of chicken in China that has been applied for geographical indication products. The protection of this variety can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the division of geographical indications. Therefore, a fast and effective identification method is needed for the classification of Beijing‐you chicken breed. Hyperspectral imaging is a popular method for varieties classification. In our study, the satisfying results revealed that this method could be used for classification of Beijing‐you chicken when necessary. The results will be useful for the application of hyperspectral imaging technology in the classification of Beijing‐you chicken. Moreover, this method has great potential for real‐time online detection in factories for future work.
Changes in Body Mass Index Are Related to Faster Cognitive Decline Among African American Older Adults
Authors: Aiken‐Morgan Adrienne T. , Capuano Ana W. , Arvanitakis Zoe , Barnes Lisa L. 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThe purpose of this study was to: (1) examine relationships between body mass index (BMI) stability and cognitive decline in older African Americans; and (2) investigate differences in the relationships between women and men.DESIGNThe present study is a secondary data analysis of the Minority Aging Research Study, which is a longitudinal, cohort study of risk factors for cognitive decline and Alzheimerʼs disease among older African Americans living in the Chicago, IL, area. The study entails annual clinical evaluations, including measures of 19 neuropsychological tests that represent five cognitive domains, including episodic, semantic, and working memory, perceptual speed, and visuospatial ability.PARTICIPANTSParticipants (n = 671; mean age = 73.5 years; standard deviation = 6.2 years) were included in the present analysis if they were dementia free at baseline and completed at least two clinical evaluations, on average 1 year apart, that included valid cognitive and BMI assessments.RESULTSMixed‐effects models showed higher baseline BMI was related to slower global cognitive decline, whereas changes in BMI (instability) were related to faster global cognitive decline. These effects were the same for four of five cognitive domains and remained after controlling for various health characteristics. However, women and men did not differ in any of the relationships.CONCLUSIONHigher BMI is related to slower cognitive decline in older African Americans, but greater BMI instability is related to faster decline. Stability of BMI should be considered in the cognitive aging of African Americans.
Olfactory bulb‐targeted quantum dot (QD) bioconjugate and Kv1.3 blocking peptide improve metabolic health in obese male mice
Authors: Schwartz Austin B. , Kapur Anshika , Huang Zhenbo , Anangi Raveendra , Spear John M. , Stagg Scott , Fardone Erminia , Dekan Zolan , Rosenberg Jens T. , Grant Samuel C. , King Glenn F. , Mattoussi Hedi , Fadool Debra Ann 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe olfactory system is a driver of feeding behavior, whereby olfactory acuity is modulated by the metabolic state of the individual. The excitability of the major output neurons of the olfactory bulb (OB) can be modulated through targeting a voltage‐dependent potassium channel, Kv1.3, which responds to changes in metabolic factors such as insulin, glucose, and glucagon‐like peptide‐1. Because gene‐targeted deletion or inhibition of Kv1.3 in the periphery has been found to increase energy metabolism and decrease body weight, we hypothesized that inhibition of Kv1.3 selectively in the OB could enhance excitability of the output neurons to evoke changes in energy homeostasis. We thereby employed metal‐histidine coordination to self‐assemble the Kv1.3 inhibitor margatoxin (MgTx) to fluorescent quantum dots (QDMgTx) as a means to label cells in vivo and test changes in neuronal excitability and metabolism when delivered to the OB. Using patch‐clamp electrophysiology to measure Kv1.3 properties in heterologously expressed cells and native mitral cells in OB slices, we found that QDMgTx had a fast rate of inhibition, but with a reduced IC50, and increased action potential firing frequency. QDMgTx was capable of labeling cloned Kv1.3 channels but was not visible when delivered to native Kv1.3 in the OB. Diet‐induced obese mice were observed to reduce body weight and clear glucose more quickly following osmotic mini‐pump delivery of QDMgTx/MgTx to the OB, and following MgTx delivery, they increased the use of fats as fuels (reduced respiratory exchange ratio). These results suggest that enhanced excitability of bulbar output neurons can drive metabolic responses.
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Resilience and well‐being production among vulnerable consumers facing systematic constraints
Authors: Huang Yimin , Cheng Junjun , Chu Rongwei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper explores how vulnerable consumers within systematic constraints of economic inequality, institutional barriers, and social segregation in an urban environment cope with their vulnerabilities to achieve their well‐being. Taking China's internal migrant workers as a research context, our study examines their vulnerable experiences and reveals the impact of systematic constraints on migrant workers' self‐perception, interpretation, and actions. It discovers a staged process through which migrant workers acquire resilience to optimize life satisfaction by fulfilling a sense of control over their migration life. Through a situated approach to capture the contextual impact of systematic constraints on vulnerability experiences and the construction of resilient pathways to achieve well‐being, this paper puts forward critical welfare issues such as inclusive marketplace, social capital, and community empowerment which are important to migrants' social integration and capability building. This calls for more coordinated efforts to promote effective resilience building and sustained well‐being among resource‐constrained consumers.
Acral lentiginous melanoma: A retrospective study
Authors: Redi Ugo , Marruzzo Giovanni , Lovero Stefano , Khokhar Hassan Tahir , Lo Torto Federico , Ribuffo Diego 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) carries one of the worst prognoses among other subtypes. This malignant tumor is found on the distal limbs and is usually detected at late stages. Hereby, the authors present their experience on this melanoma subtype.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted. Data were extracted from patients’ medical records and from phone interviews.ResultsA total of 43 patients were included in the study. The main signs and symptoms disclosed by the patients were bleeding (41.9%), size greater than 6 mm (41.9%), change in size (37.2%), change in shape (30.2%), rise above the surface of the skin (27.9%), change in color (20.9%), irregular borders (16.3%), and inflammation (16.3%). The first healthcare professional consulted was a general practitioner or a dermatologist in the majority of cases (88.3%). Only 44.2% of the patients were sent by their first physician for a biopsy, whereas 30.3% were sent by the 2nd physician. 14 patients underwent biopsy within 1 month from the first appointment with a physician, while 20 patients within 3 months and 9 patients within 6 months. Only 7 patients sought medical attention in the first 3 months; 21 patients sought medical care between 3 months and one year from the appearance of the lesion, while the remaining 15 patients waited more than a year.ConclusionsOne of the major issues found in ALM is represented by the diagnostic delay; this may be due to either the patients or the physicians’ failure to recognize warning signs.
Stakeholder Agency Relationships: CEO Stock Options and Corporate Tax Avoidance
Authors: Zolotoy Leon , O’Sullivan Don , Martin Geoffrey P. , Wiseman Robert M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInfusing stakeholder agency theory with insights from behavioural agency theory, we describe a frame‐dependent relationship between CEO stock option incentives and tax avoidance. Our theoretical framework highlights the role of competing shareholder demands in providing a salient reference point for a CEO contemplating the implications of tax avoidance for their stock option wealth. In a study of 2,573 publicly listed U.S. firms between 1993 and 2014, we show that the implications of CEO stock option incentives are contingent on whether the firm’s effective tax rate is anticipated to be below or above the tax rate of peer firms – an outcome that the CEO can cast as balancing stakeholder demands. Consistent with our theoretical reasoning, we also show that, both above and below this reference point, the implications of option incentives for corporate tax avoidance are amplified by the level of activist institutional ownership and attenuated by the CEO’s ability to unwind their bond with shareholders through hedging. In doing so, our study offers an impetus for a broader stakeholder approach to governance research examining CEO incentive alignment.
Increased somatosensory amplification is associated with decreased pressure pain thresholds at both trigeminal and extra‐trigeminal locations in healthy individuals
Authors: Spano Valerie E. , Imbriglio Tina V. , Ho Ka Chun (Jeremy) , Chow Jeffrey C. F. , Cioffi Iacopo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is based on patient history and physical examination, and may require medical imaging. Masticatory muscle palpation is essential to make a diagnosis of TMD. However, the response of masticatory muscles to mechanical pressure stimuli depends on many physical and psychological factors.ObjectiveThis study aimed at determining the impact of somatosensory amplification (SSA)—an estimate of somatic awareness and bodily hypervigilance—on pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) measured at both trigeminal and extra‐trigeminal locations in healthy individuals.MethodsPPTs were measured at the right anterior temporalis and superficial masseter, and the thenar eminence of the right hand in one hundred healhty individuals (69F, 31M), divided in three groups based on their SSA scores: low (N = 32), intermediate (N = 34) and high (N = 34). General linear models were used to test between‐group differences in PPTs including sex as a covariate. The level of significance was set atP < .05.ResultsIndividuals with high SSA had lower PPTs at the anterior temporalis than individuals with low (P = .006) and intermediate (P = .001) SSA. No significant between‐group differences were found in PPTs measured at the masseter (P = .372). PPTs measured at the thenar eminence were significantly lower in the high than the low SSA group (P = .009). Females had lower PPTs at the masseter than males (P = .021) but not at other muscle locations (allP > .05).ConclusionIncreased somatosensory amplification is associated with decreased pressure pain thresholds at both trigeminal and extra‐trigeminal locations in healthy individuals. SSA could be a potential confounder while diagnosing TMD and evaluating treatment outcomes.
The STEM Graduate: Immediately after Graduation, Men and Women Already Differ in Job Outcomes, Attributions for Success, and Desired Job Characteristics
Authors: Jasko Katarzyna , Pyrkosz‐Pacyna Joanna , Czarnek Gabriela , Dukała Karolina , Szastok Marta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe examined the job outcomes of men and women who recently graduated from the same STEM majors in Poland (N = 8,082). The results demonstrated that women experienced more difficulties in finding a job, received fewer job offers, were less likely to find a job consistent with their education, and earned less money than men. Additionally, we examined the attributions that men and women made for their professional success and the characteristics that they sought in potential jobs. In comparison to men, women were less likely to attribute their success to stereotypically male characteristics and more likely to attribute their success to stereotypically female characteristics. Moreover, women were less likely than men to perceive agency‐affording job characteristics (e.g., salary) as decisive features when making a decision about a job. The findings suggest that despite having the same educational background, the professional situations of male and female graduates differ.
Equality through Innovation: Promoting Women in the Workplace in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries with Health Information Technology
Authors: Asi Yara M. , Williams Cynthia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTechnological innovation has served as a useful catalyst for development goals across sectors, from agriculture to education. Various forms of health information technology (HIT), such as mobile health and telemedicine, have been used globally to support health care delivery systems. Forms of HIT, developed primarily by men in rich countries, are touted to support all patients and providers. However, while women perform most global health delivery, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC), they have less access to technology. Stakeholders have been slow to recognize and resolve conflicts about how technology affects gender disparities, especially in health care. In this paper, we describe, using a social capital framework, how integrating HIT in health systems can empower women in the health care workforce. We conclude with policy recommendations that can support women in the health care workforce through HIT.
Negotiating Challenges and Aspirations in a Gendered Work Environment: The Voices of Women Working in the Iranian Broadcasting Media
Authors: Ghasemi Asemeh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractI report the results of in‐depth interviews with 30 Muslim women working in the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting Organization (IRIB), illuminating the challenges that women negotiate and their aspirations in a male‐dominant work environment. Two main challenges were identified: (a) the gender‐unequal stratification of work positions and opportunities, and (b) the complexity of work‐required physical proximity and observance of religious codes of conduct. Although some participants seemed resigned to the power of the gender order that privileged men and focused on performing their professional duties, others actively struggled with gender discrimination to prove themselves as equally competent as men and transform the work culture. Overall, the results highlight these women's agency in accepting and contesting dominant gendered norms, structures, and practices. The enactment of such agency also shows that the gender order is not immutable, but is relational and dynamic, and thus open to change.