bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Hyperthermia–Synergistic H2O2 Self‐Sufficient Catalytic Suppression of Osteosarcoma with Enhanced Bone‐Regeneration Bioactivity by 3D‐Printing Composite Scaffolds
Authors: Dong Shaojie , Chen Yu , Yu Luodan , Lin Kaili , Wang Xudong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChemotherapy resistance and bone defects caused by surgical excision of osteosarcoma have been formidable challenges for clinical treatment. Although recently developed nanocatalysts based on Fenton‐like reactions for catalytic therapy demonstrate high potential to eliminate chemotherapeutic‐insensitive tumors, insufficient concentration of intrinsic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and low intratumoral penetrability hinder their applications and therapeutic efficiency. The synchronous enriching intratumor H2O2 amount or nanoagents and promoting osteogenesis are intriguing strategies to solve the dilemma in osteosarcoma therapy. Herein, a multifunctional “all‐in‐one” biomaterial platform is constructed by co‐loading calcium peroxide (CaO2) and iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles into a three‐dimensional (3D) printing akermanite scaffold (AKT‐Fe3O4‐CaO2). The loaded CaO2 nanoparticles act as H2O2 sources to achieve H2O2 self‐sufficient nanocatalytic osteosarcoma therapy as catalyzed by coloaded Fe3O4 nanoagents, as well as provide calcium ion (Ca2+) pools to enhance bone regeneration. The synergistic osteosarcoma‐therapeutic effect is achieved from both magnetic hyperthermia as‐enabled by Fe3O4 nanoparticles under alternative magnetic fields and hyperthermia‐enhanced Fenton‐like nanocatalytic reaction for producing highly toxic hydroxyl radicals. Importantly, the constructed 3D AKT‐Fe3O4‐CaO2 composite scaffolds are featured with favorable bone‐regeneration activity, providing a worthy base and positive enlightenment for future osteosarcoma treatment with bone defects by the multifunctional biomaterial platforms.
Cation‐Exchange Synthesis of Highly Monodisperse PbS Quantum Dots from ZnS Nanorods for Efficient Infrared Solar Cells
Authors: Xia Yong , Liu Sisi , Wang Kang , Yang Xiaokun , Lian Linyuan , Zhang Zhiming , He Jungang , Liang Guijie , Wang Song , Tan Manlin , Song Haisheng , Zhang Daoli , Gao Jianbo , Tang Jiang , Beard Matthew C. , Zhang Jianbing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInfrared solar cells that utilize low‐bandgap colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are promising devices to enhance the utilization of solar energy by expanding the harvested photons of common photovoltaics into the infrared region. However, the present synthesis of PbS QDs cannot produce highly efficient infrared solar cells. Here, a general synthesis is developed for low‐bandgap PbS QDs (0.65–1 eV) via cation exchange from ZnS nanorods (NRs). First, ZnS NRs are converted to superlattices with segregated PbS domains within each rod. Then, sulfur precursors are released via the dissolution of the ZnS NRs during the cation exchange, which promotes size focusing of PbS QDs. PbS QDs synthesized through this new method have the advantages of high monodispersity, ease‐of‐size control, in situ passivation of chloride, high stability, and a “clean” surface. Infrared solar cells based on these PbS QDs with different bandgaps are fabricated, using conventional ligand exchange and device structure. All of the devices produced in this manner show excellent performance, showcasing the high quality of the PbS QDs. The highest performance of infrared solar cells is achieved using ≈0.95 eV PbS QDs, exhibiting an efficiency of 10.0% under AM 1.5 solar illumination, a perovskite‐filtered efficiency of 4.2%, and a silicon‐filtered efficiency of 1.1%.
Defect‐Engineering‐Enabled High‐Efficiency All‐Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liang Jia , Han Xiao , Yang Ji‐Hui , Zhang Boyu , Fang Qiyi , Zhang Jing , Ai Qing , Ogle Meredith M. , Terlier Tanguy , Martí Angel A. , Lou Jun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe emergence of cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has generated enormous interest in the photovoltaic research community. However, in general they exhibit low power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) because of the existence of defects. A new all‐inorganic perovskite material, CsPbI3:Br:InI3, is prepared by defect engineering of CsPbI3. This new perovskite retains the same bandgap as CsPbI3, while the intrinsic defect concentration is largely suppressed. Moreover, it can be prepared in an extremely high humidity atmosphere and thus a glovebox is not required. By completely eliminating the labile and expensive components in traditional PSCs, the all‐inorganic PSCs based on CsPbI3:Br:InI3 and carbon electrode exhibit PCE and open‐circuit voltage as high as 12.04% and 1.20 V, respectively. More importantly, they demonstrate excellent stability in air for more than two months, while those based on CsPbI3 can survive only a few days in air. The progress reported represents a major leap for all‐inorganic PSCs and paves the way for their further exploration in order to achieve higher performance.
Mechanical Analogue of a Majorana Bound State
Authors: Chen Chun‐Wei , Lera Natalia , Chaunsali Rajesh , Torrent Daniel , Alvarez Jose Vicente , Yang Jinkyu , San‐Jose Pablo , Christensen Johan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe discovery of topologically nontrivial electronic systems has opened a new age in condensed matter research. From topological insulators to topological superconductors and Weyl semimetals, it is now understood that some of the most remarkable and robust phases in electronic systems (e.g., quantum Hall or anomalous quantum Hall) are the result of topological protection. These powerful ideas have recently begun to be explored also in bosonic systems. Topologically protected acoustic, mechanical, and optical edge states have been demonstrated in a number of systems that recreate the requisite topological conditions. Such states that propagate without backscattering could find important applications in communications and energy technologies. Here, a topologically bound mechanical state, a different class of nonpropagating protected state that cannot be destroyed by local perturbations, is demonstrated. It is in particular a mechanical analogue of the well‐known Majorana bound states (MBSs) of electronic topological superconductor systems. The topological binding is implemented by creating a Kekulé distortion vortex on a 2D mechanical honeycomb superlattice that can be mapped to a magnetic flux vortex in a topological superconductor.
A Multifunctional Cascade Bioreactor Based on Hollow‐Structured Cu2MoS4 for Synergetic Cancer Chemo‐Dynamic Therapy/Starvation Therapy/Phototherapy/Immunotherapy with Remarkably Enhanced Efficacy
Authors: Chang Mengyu , Wang Man , Wang Meifang , Shu Mengmeng , Ding Binbin , Li Chunxia , Pang Maolin , Cui Shuzhong , Hou Zhiyao , Lin Jun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe unique tumor microenvironment (TME) facilitates cancer proliferation and metastasis, and it is hard to cure cancer completely via monotherapy. Herein, a multifunctional cascade bioreactor based on hollow mesoporous Cu2MoS4 (CMS) loaded with glucose oxidase (GOx) is constructed for synergetic cancer therapy by chemo‐dynamic therapy (CDT)/starvation therapy/phototherapy/immunotherapy. The CMS harboring multivalent elements (Cu1+/2+, Mo4+/6+) exhibit Fenton‐like, glutathione (GSH) peroxidase‐like and catalase‐like activity. Once internalized into the tumor, CMS could generate ·OH for CDT via Fenton‐like reaction and deplete overexpressed GSH in TME to alleviate antioxidant capability of the tumors. Moreover, under hypoxia TME, the catalase‐like CMS could react with endogenous H2O2 to generate O2 for activating the catalyzed oxidation of glucose by GOx for starvation therapy accompanied with the regeneration of H2O2. The regenerated H2O2 can devote to Fenton‐like reaction for realizing GOx‐catalysis‐enhanced CDT. Meanwhile, the CMS under 1064 nm laser irradiation shows remarkable tumor‐killing ability by phototherapy due to its excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (η = 63.3%) and cytotoxic superoxide anion (·O2−) generation performance. More importantly, the PEGylated CMS@GOx‐based synergistic therapy combined with checkpoint blockade therapy could elicit robust immune responses for both effectively ablating primary tumors and inhibiting cancer metastasis.
Endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided ethanol ablation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 disease following complicated total pancreatectomy
Authors: Lin Hsiang‐Hung , Chang Chen‐Wang , Chen Ming‐Jen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) account for a small proportion of all pancreatic tumors (1.3%), their incidence is increasing. A 54‐year‐old woman was previously diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism and prolactinoma. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed several oval homogeneous enhancement nodules on the pancreas, with sizes up to 10 mm, and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)‐guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) confirmed the diagnosis of pNETs. Based on her history of primary hyperparathyroidism combined with prolactinoma and her family history of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)‐associated tumors, a diagnosis of MEN1 was made. Two months after the surgery, a follow‐up abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed a pancreatic remnant that was 15 mm in length, and at the 5‐month follow up, a 6 × 5 mm residual pNET within the pancreatic remnant was detected by EUS, CT, and MRI. Because the patient adamantly refused repeat surgical resection, we decided to ablate the lesion via an EUS‐guided ethanol injection with 1.3 mL and 1.0 mL of 99.5% alcohol in two sessions. At the 4‐month follow up, the contrast‐enhanced MRI showed no residual pNET. Repeated EUS with concurrent FNAC also yielded negative results. We concluded that we achieved a good response after the EUS‐guide ablation. EUS‐guided ethanol ablation is a feasible, safe, and efficient method of treatment when applied for small pNETs in MEN1 disease following complicated total pancreatectomy. However, the long‐term outcomes must be confirmed in future multicenter prospective studies comparing surgical resection and minimally invasive EUS ablation.
A rare cause of ischemic colitis: A case series of idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerotic colitis from two medical centers in Taiwan
Authors: Kao Chien‐Neng , Lin Pao‐Ying , Chang Li‐Chun , Hsu Wen‐Feng , Tu Chia‐Hung , Chiu Han‐Mo , Chang Chun‐Chao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIdiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerotic colitis (IMP) is a rare disease entity of intestinal ischemia that is predominant in Asian populations. We present the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of this disease via a case series. We collected data from medical records in two medical centers in Taiwan. From 2008 to 2017, 11 cases were diagnosed with IMP, and their clinical features were analyzed. Eleven cases were included in our case series. The average age of the patients was 59 (±6.77) years old, and there was a predominance of women. More than half of our patients had a history of herb consumption. Their symptoms varied from asymptomatic to lethal, such as mechanical ileus. The most common colonoscopic finding was the dark purple discoloration and decreased vascularity over the edematous mucosa. In our case series, nine patients showed no disease progression after conservative treatment alone. In contrast, two cases required surgical intervention due to mechanical ileus. The symptoms of IMP may vary extremely, and it may present as asymptomatic or lethal. The etiology of this rare disease remained unknown, and some offending materials such as herb were considered responsible for its genesis. Both the specific radiological and colonoscopic characteristics helped to confirm its diagnosis. IMP should be always considered for ischemic colitis in long‐term herb users.
Sleep‐disordered breathing in children with pycnodysostosis
Authors: Khirani Sonia , Amaddeo Alessandro , Baujat Geneviève , Michot Caroline , Couloigner Vincent , Pinto Graziella , Arnaud Eric , Picard Arnaud , Cormier‐Daire Valérie , Fauroux Brigitte 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUpper airway obstruction is a common feature in pycnodysostosis and may cause obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The aim of our study was to analyze sleep‐disordered breathing and respiratory management in children with pycnodysostosis. A retrospective review of the clinical charts and sleep studies of 10 consecutive children (three girls and seven boys) with pycnodysostosis seen over a time period of 10 years was performed. Six patients had severe OSA and/or nocturnal hypoventilation and were started on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as a first treatment at a median age of 3.4 ± 2.6 years, because of the lack of indication of any surgical treatment. Three patients could be weaned after several years from CPAP after spontaneous improvement (two patients) or multiple upper airway surgeries (one patient). Three patients had upper airway surgery prior to their first sleep study with two patients still needing CPAP during their follow‐up. Only one patient never developed OSA. Patients with pycnodysostosis are at a high risk of severe OSA, underlying the importance of a systematic screening for sleep‐disordered breathing. Multidisciplinary care is mandatory because of the multilevel airway obstruction. CPAP is very effective and well accepted for treating OSA.
Photoredox Catalytic α‐Alkoxypentafluorosulfanylation of α‐Methyl‐ and α‐Phenylstyrene Using SF6
Authors: Rombach David , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSF6 was applied as pentafluorosulfanylation reagent to prepare ethers with a vicinal SF5 substituent through a one‐step method involving photoredox catalysis. This method shows a broad substrate scope with respect to applicable alcohols for the conversion of α‐methyl and α‐phenyl styrenes. The products bear a new structural motif with two functional groups installed in one step. The alkoxy group allows elimination and azidation as further transformations into valuable pentafluorosulfanylated compounds. These results confirm that non‐toxic SF6 is a useful SF5 transfer reagent if properly activated by photoredox catalysis, and toxic reagents are completely avoided. In combination with light as an energy source, a high level of sustainability is achieved. Through this method, the proposed potential of the SF5 substituent in medicinal chemistry, agrochemistry, and materials chemistry may be exploited in the future.
Hybrid soft sensor modeling for bisphenol‐A synthesis reaction process
Authors: Cang Wentao , Yang Huizhong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo online estimate the concentrations of key components at the outlet of bisphenol‐A (BPA) synthesis reactor, a hybrid modeling approach is proposed in this paper. First, the simplified mechanism model for the synthesis of BPA in an industrial fixed‐bed reactor is deduced on the basis of mass and energy balance. Second, considering that the initial concentrations of reactants at the inlet of BPA synthesis reactor cannot be measured in real‐time, the modified stochastic gradient boosting‐Gaussian process regression approach previously proposed by the authors is employed to online estimate the initial concentrations of reactants. Furthermore, modified stochastic gradient boosting‐Gaussian process regression method is also adopted to model the nonlinear influence of the reaction factors ( i.e., initial concentrations of reactants and inlet temperature) on the reaction rate constants in the simplified mechanism model. Finally, the hybrid modeling approach for BPA synthesis process is achieved by integrating the simplified mechanism model with the estimation models of initial concentrations and reaction rate constants. The feasibility and validity of the proposed hybrid model is verified through an industrial BPA synthesis process. On the basis of the hybrid model, the sensitivity analyses of the initial concentrations and inlet temperature are conducted, which can provide theoretical guidance for the operation optimization study in future work.
Optimizing depth and type of high‐throughput sequencing data for microsatellite discovery
Authors: Chapman Mark A. 
Published: November 2019

PremiseSimple sequence repeat (SSR) markers (microsatellites) are a mainstay of many labs, especially when working on a limited budget, carrying out preliminary analyses, and in teaching. Whether SSRs mined from plant genomes or transcriptomes are preferred for certain applications, and the depth of sequencing needed to allow efficient SSR discovery, has not been tested.MethodsI used genome and transcriptome high‐throughput sequencing data at a range of sequencing depths to compare efficacy of SSR identification. I then tested primers from tomato for amplification, polymorphism, and transferability to related species.ResultsSmall assemblies (two million read pairs) identified ca. 200–2000 potential markers from the genome assemblies and ca. 600–3650 from the transcriptome assemblies. Genome‐derived contigs were often short, potentially precluding primer design. Genomic SSR primers were less transferable across species but exhibited greater variation (partially explained by being composed of more repeat units) than transcriptome‐derived primers.DiscussionSmall high‐throughput sequencing resources may be sufficient for identification of hundreds of SSRs. Genomic data may be preferable in species with low polymorphism, but transcriptome data may result in longer loci (more amenable to primer design) and primers may be more transferable to related species.
Osteoarthritis: A problematic disease in past human populations. A dependence between entheseal changes, body size, age, sex, and osteoarthritic changes development
Authors: Myszka Anna , Krenz‐Niedbała Marta , Tomczyk Jacek , Zalewska Marta 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOsteoarthritis is a problematic trait in terms of etiology and interpretation in past human populations. The relationships between osteoarthritic changes (osteophytes, porosity, and eburnation) and entheseal changes, body mass, stature, bone massiveness, sex, and age on the basis of skeletal material from Łekno (Poland) are analyzed here. Entheses were the strongest contributor to the prediction of osteophyte expression and when all types of changes and all joints were taken together. Stature demonstrates a negative dependence on porosity. When each joint was analyzed separately, entheses were the strongest contributor to the prediction of arthritis expression in the wrist and hip. Age was the strongest contributor to the prediction of arthritis expression in the elbow. Body mass, stature, bone massiveness, and sex had no effect on osteoarthritic changes in any of the examined joints. The results of the present study suggest an important dependence between entheses and osteoarthritic changes. Other factors had little to no effect on differences in OA severity. These results do not dispel all doubts but enrich knowledge about the effect of etiological factors on osteoarthritic change formation. This knowledge is essential for proper, reliable interpretation of osteoarthritic changes in the context of past human biology, ecology, and behavior.
Nationwide cohort study of the impact of education, income and social isolation on survival after acute colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Degett T. H. , Christensen J. , Thomsen L. A. , Iversen L. H. , Gögenur I. , Dalton S. O. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Acute colorectal cancer surgery has been associated with a high postoperative mortality. The primary aim of this study was to examine the association between socioeconomic position and the likelihood of undergoing acute versus elective colorectal cancer surgery. A secondary aim was to determine 1-year survival among patients treated with acute surgery.

Methods
All patients who had undergone a surgical procedure according to the Danish Colorectal Cancer Group (DCCG.dk) database, or who were registered with stent or diverting stoma in the National Patient Register from 2007 to 2015, were reviewed. Socioeconomic position was determined by highest attained educational level, income, urbanicity and cohabitation status, obtained from administrative registries. Co-variables included age, sex, year of surgery, Charlson Co-morbidity Index score, smoking status, alcohol consumption, BMI, stage and tumour localization. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the likelihood of acute colorectal cancer surgery, and Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression methods were used for analysis of 1-year overall survival.

Results
In total, 35 661 patients were included; 5310 (14·9 per cent) had acute surgery. Short and medium education in patients younger than 65 years (odds ratio (OR) 1·58, 95 per cent c.i. 1·32 to 1·91, and OR 1·34, 1·15 to 1·55 respectively), low income (OR 1·12, 1·01 to 1·24) and living alone (OR 1·35, 1·26 to 1·46) were associated with acute surgery. Overall, 40·7 per cent of patients died within 1 year of surgery. Short education (hazard ratio (HR) 1·18, 95 per cent c.i. 1·03 to 1·36), low income (HR 1·16, 1·01 to 1·34) and living alone (HR 1·25, 1·13 to 1·38) were associated with reduced 1-year survival after acute surgery.

Conclusion
Low socioeconomic position was associated with an increased likelihood of undergoing acute colorectal cancer surgery, and with reduced 1-year overall survival after acute surgery.
Value of individual surgeon performance metrics as quality assurance measures in oesophagogastric cancer surgery
Authors: Powell A. G. M. T. , Wheat J. , Patel N. , Chan D. , Foliaki A. , Roberts S. A. , Lewis W. G. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Surgeon-level operative mortality is widely seen as a measure of quality after gastric and oesophageal resection. This study aimed to evaluate this alongside a compound-level outcome analysis.

Methods
Consecutive patients who underwent treatment including surgery delivered by a multidisciplinary team, which included seven specialist surgeons, were studied. The primary outcome was death within 30 days of surgery; secondary outcomes were anastomotic leak, Clavien–Dindo morbidity score, lymph node harvest, circumferential resection margin (CRM) status, disease-free (DFS), and overall (OS) survival.

Results
The median number of annual resections per surgeon was 10 (range 5–25), compared with 14 (5–25) for joint consultant teams (P = 0·855). The median annual surgeon-level mortality rate was 0 (0–9) per cent versus an overall network annual operative mortality rate of 1·8 (0–3·7) per cent. Joint consultant team procedures were associated with fewer operative deaths (0·5 per cent versus 3·4 per cent at surgeon level; P = 0·027). The median surgeon anastomotic leak rate was 12·4 (range 9–20) per cent (P = 0·625 versus the whole surgical range), overall morbidity 46·5 (31–60) per cent (P = 0·066), lymph node harvest 16 (9–29) (P &lt; 0·001), CRM positivity 32·0 (16–46) per cent (P = 0·003), 5-year DFS rate 44·8 (29–60) per cent and OS rate 46·5 (35–53) per cent. No designated metrics were independently associated with DFS or OS in multivariable analysis.

Conclusion
Annual surgeon-level metrics demonstrated wide variations (fivefold), but these performance metrics were not associated with survival.