bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health-related quality of life in Japanese patients with bladder cancer measured by a newly developed Japanese version of the Bladder Cancer Index
Authors: Osawa Takahiro , Wei John T. , Abe Takashige , Honda Michitaka , Yamada Shuhei , Furumido Jun , Kikuchi Hiroshi , Matsumoto Ryuji , Hirakawa Kazushi , Sato Yasuyuki , Sasaki Yoshihiro , Harabayashi Toru , Takada Norikata , Minami Keita , Tanaka Hiroshi , Morita Ken , Kashiwagi Akira , Miyajima Naoto , Akino Tomoshige , Murai Sachiyo , Ito Yoichi M. , Fukuhara Shunichi , Ogasawara Katsuhiko , Shinohara Nobuo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction
We validated a Japanese version of the Bladder Cancer Index (BCI) as a tool for measuring health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in bladder cancer patients treated with various surgical procedures.

Methods
The reliability and validity of the Japanese BCI were examined in 397 Japanese patients with bladder cancer via cross-sectional analysis. The patients simultaneously completed the Short Form (SF)-12, EQ-5D, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General and Bladder (FACT-G and FACT-BL). The differences in BCI subscales among various treatment groups were analyzed.

Results
This study involved 397 patients (301 males and 96 females), with a mean age of 70 years and a median disease duration of 29 months (IQR: 12–66 months). Of these patients, 221 underwent transurethral resection of a bladder tumor, and 176 patients underwent radical cystectomy (ileal conduit: 101 patients, ileal neobladder: 49, and ureterostomy: 26). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was ≥ 0.78 for all subscales, except the bowel bother subscale. Despite moderate correlations being detected between the function and bother score in urinary and bowel domains, the sexual function score was inversely correlated with the sexual bother score (r = − 0.19). A missing value percentage of > 15% was associated with old age (p < 0.05). The mean domain scores differed significantly among distinct clinically relevant treatment groups.

Conclusions
Although revisions are needed to make it easier for elderly patients to comprehend, we confirmed the reliability and validity of the Japanese BCI. The Japanese BCI could be used for cross-cultural assessments of HRQOL in bladder cancer patients.
Effect of the Relative Timing between Same-Polarity Pulses on Thresholds and Loudness in Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Guérit François , Marozeau Jeremy , Epp Bastian , Carlyon Robert P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe effect of the relative timing between pairs of same-polarity monophasic pulses has been studied extensively in single-neuron animal studies and has revealed fundamental properties of the neurons. For human cochlear implant listeners, the requirement to use charge-balanced stimulation and the typical use of symmetric, biphasic pulses limits such measures, because currents of opposite polarities interact at the level of the neural membrane. Here, we propose a paradigm to study same-polarity summation of currents while keeping the stimulation charge-balanced within a short time window. We used pairs of mirrored pseudo-monophasic pulses (a long-low phase followed by a short-high phase for the first pulse and a short-high phase followed by a long-low phase for the second pulse). We assumed that most of the excitation would stem from the two adjacent short-high phases, which had the same polarity. The inter-pulse interval between the short-high phases was varied from 0 to 345 μs. The inter-pulse interval had a significant effect on the perceived loudness, and this effect was consistent with both passive (membrane-related) and active (ion-channel-related) neuronal mechanisms contributing to facilitation. Furthermore, the effect of interval interacted with the polarity of the pulse pairs. At threshold, there was an effect of polarity, but, surprisingly, no effect of interval nor an interaction between the two factors. We discuss possible peripheral origins of these results.
Characters of $$\pi '$$-degree and small cyclotomic fields
Authors: Giannelli Eugenio , Hung Nguyen Ngoc , Schaeffer Fry A. A. , Vallejo Carolina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe show that every finite group of order divisible by 2 or q, where q is a prime number, admits a $$\{2, q\}'$$

{
2
,
q
}

′

-degree nontrivial irreducible character with values in $${\mathbb{Q}}(e^{2 \pi i /q})$$

Q
(

e

2
π
i
/
q

)

. We further characterize when such character can be chosen with only rational values in solvable groups.
These results follow from more general considerations on groups admitting a $$\{p, q\}'$$

{
p
,
q
}

′

-degree nontrivial irreducible character with values in $${\mathbb{Q}}(e^{2 \pi i /p})$$

Q
(

e

2
π
i
/
p

)

or $${\mathbb{Q}}(e^{ 2 \pi i/q})$$

Q
(

e

2
π
i
/
q

)

, for any pair of primes p and q. Along the way,
we completely describe simple alternating groups admitting a $$\{p, q\}'$$

{
p
,
q
}

′

-degree nontrivial irreducible character with rational values.
The Sensitivity of Ear-EEG: Evaluating the Source-Sensor Relationship Using Forward Modeling
Authors: Meiser Arnd , Tadel Francois , Debener Stefan , Bleichner Martin G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEar-EEG allows to record brain activity in every-day life, for example to study natural behaviour or unhindered social interactions. Compared to conventional scalp-EEG, ear-EEG uses fewer electrodes and covers only a small part of the head. Consequently, ear-EEG will be less sensitive to some cortical sources. Here, we perform realistic electromagnetic simulations to compare cEEGrid ear-EEG with 128-channel cap-EEG. We compute the sensitivity of ear-EEG for different cortical sources, and quantify the expected signal loss of ear-EEG relative to cap-EEG. Our results show that ear-EEG is most sensitive to sources in the temporal cortex. Furthermore, we show how ear-EEG benefits from a multi-channel configuration (i.e. cEEGrid). The pipelines presented here can be adapted to any arrangement of electrodes and can therefore provide an estimate of sensitivity to cortical regions, thereby increasing the chance of successful experiments using ear-EEG.
Arctic Athabaskan Council’s petition to the Inter-American Commission on human rights and climate change—business as usual or a breakthrough?
Authors: Szpak Agnieszka 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn 2013, the Arctic Athabaskan Council representing the Arctic Athabaskan peoples filed a petition to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. The Council sought relief for violations of their rights resulting from rapid Arctic warming and melting caused by emissions of black carbon by Canada. The aim of the paper is to show legal complaints and arguments of a particular indigenous people, Arctic Athabaskans—arguments intended to enforce Canada’s obligation to reduce or eliminate black carbon emissions, which negatively affect numerous rights of indigenous Athabaskans. Additionally, the article will point to the new legal developments and potential success of those arguments and litigation itself. The article analyses issues at the intersection of human rights, indigenous peoples and climate change. The concluding remarks attempt to answer the research questions and offer some reflections on the potential to protect indigenous peoples’ rights offered by this type of advocacy strategy and, more specifically, the petition in particular. The research method adopted is that of legal-institutional analysis as well as content analysis of relevant literature (analysis of the discourse). This paper moves forward existing climate litigation literature which focuses on human rights. As Osofsky and Peel (2018) highlight, human rights-based climate litigation is a new development in the field, and this paper expands it further.
The Self of Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hanai Fumi , Narama Miho , Tamakoshi Koji 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSelf-development is a central developmental issue in adolescence, there are few studies describing the experiences related to the self in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We conducted semi-structural interviews with 14 adolescents with ASD and three with ADHD to describe the self. As a result of inductive continuous comparison analysis, three concepts “Interest in self and self-realization”, “Intentionality and self-transformation”, “Unrealized/unnoticed self” were generated. It was suggested that the characteristic perceptions may tend to have difficulty realizing subjective selves.Otherwise, most adolescents realized various sense of self through interaction with others. Nurses should know adolescents’ inner world and share their emotions related to their self-recognition in order to provide care that meets important youth developmental needs.
Habitat requirements of the endangered heath bush-cricket Gampsocleis glabra (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) in an isolated population
Authors: Grzędzicka Emilia , Vahed Karim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSteppes and xerothermic grasslands are hotspots of biodiversity, but are threatened by habitat destruction and fragmentation. The heath bush-cricket, Gampsocleis glabra, is considered to be a specialist of xerothermic habitats and appears in national red lists as a threatened species in several European countries. The goal of the current research was to determine the habitat requirements of G. glabra in an isolated habitat patch in Poland, at the northern edge of its range. By comparing the composition of plant species and vegetation architecture of vacant and occupied sites in the summers of 2018 and 2019, it was found that this population of G. glabra still maintained a strict specialisation for the xerothermofilous Festuco-Brometea plant community. On the contrary to previous studies, however, Stipa-type grasses were not essential for the occurrence of the species and the majority of occupied areas were based on the plant Brachypodium pinnatum. The physiognomy of plant communities was crucial for the abundance of stridulating males, which showed a preference for dense grasses at 10 cm high. The habitat characteristics of patches occupied by males and females did not differ significantly. The study of habitat requirements of this endangered Orthoptera species in an isolated habitat patch could serve as a prelude to the restoration of similar locations before it becomes extinct. This study may also underpin the development of a global conservation strategy for G. glabra.
Remarks on the Interpolation Method
Authors: Boccagna Roberto , Gabrielli Davide 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe discuss a generalization of the classic condition of validity of the interpolation method for the density of quenched free energy of mean field spin glasses. The condition is written just in terms of the $$L^2$$

L
2

metric structure of the Gaussian random variables. As an example of application we deduce the existence of the thermodynamic limit for a GREM model with infinite branches for which the classic conditions of validity fail. We underline the dependence of the density of quenched free energy just on the metric structure and discuss the models from a metric viewpoint.
Negative verb clusters in Mari and Udmurt and why they require postsyntactic top-down word-formation
Authors: Georgieva Ekaterina , Salzmann Martin , Weisser Philipp 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we provide an in-depth study of the morphosyntactic behavior of negative verb clusters in the Finno-Ugric languages Udmurt and Mari. We argue that the standard treatment of negation as an auxiliary is inadequate for these languages as it does not explain its morphosyntactic and morphophonological behavior, which presents a challenging morphology-syntax-semantics mismatch: Despite taking high scope and governing the highest verb of the clause, negation surfaces immediately before the highest verb rather than at the end of the verb cluster as would be expected in head-final languages. Furthermore, we show that negation forms a complex unit with the highest verb of the clause and thus crucially differs from negative auxiliaries in other Finno-Ugric languages like Finnish and from other auxiliaries. We argue that the properties of negation are best modelled by means of postsyntactic Lowering (Embick and Noyer 2001). Next to the semantic vacuousness of the displacement, the main arguments for a postsyntactic perspective come from the internal constituency of the verb cluster, the possibility to interleave clitics inside the verb cluster only in the presence of negation, and cases where Lowering fails and a syntacto-semantically inert copula is inserted as a repair. We show that competing approaches to complex head formation based on narrow-syntactic head-movement, flexible spell-out in different positions or base-generation fail to capture the crucial properties of negative verb clusters. On a more general level, we thus provide evidence for the necessity of post-syntactic mechanisms for word formation and a serial architecture of the morphology-syntax interface.
Which Implementations of Loot Boxes Constitute Gambling? A UK Legal Perspective on the Potential Harms of Random Reward Mechanisms
Authors: Xiao Leon Y. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLoot boxes are virtual items in video games that offer the player randomised in-game rewards of uncertain in-game and real-world value. Paid loot boxes represent a lucrative and prevalent contemporary monetisation method that encourages repeat purchase through randomisation. The psychology literature has consistently reported a relationship between loot boxes and problem gambling. However, various implementations of loot boxes have not been sufficiently differentiated and separately examined. The literature and gambling regulators have generally argued that only loot boxes that cost real-world money to buy, and offer rewards that can be transferred to other players and are consequently worth real-world money, constitute ‘gambling.’ This paper identifies the potential harms of two other types of loot box: one does not cost real-world money to buy and the other does not offer rewards that are worth real-world money and argues that both may constitute ‘gambling’ under UK law. This paper hypothesises that even loot boxes that neither cost real-world money to buy nor offer rewards that are worth real-world money may be potentially harmful as they may normalise gambling behaviours. This paper highlights that, when the game’s design and economy are exploited by players, a particular implementation of loot boxes may involve real-world money, potentially contrary to the game company’s intentions, and thereby effectively constitute ‘gambling.’ This paper recommends that future empirical research separately examine the potential harms of each type of loot box.
Higher Operating Temperature IR Detectors of the MOCVD Grown HgCdTe Heterostructures
Authors: Madejczyk P. , Gawron W. , Kębłowski A. , Mlynarczyk K. , Stępień D. , Martyniuk P. , Rogalski A. , Rutkowski J. , Piotrowski J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper summarizes progress in metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) technology achieved in recent years at the Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology and VIGO System S.A. MOCVD with a wide range of composition and donor/acceptor doping and without post-growth annealing is a very convenient tool for the deposition of HgCdTe epilayers used for uncooled infrared detectors. Particular attention is focused on: surface morphology improvement, doping issues, diffusion processes during growth study, substrate issues, crystallographic orientation selection. In this respect, MOCVD technology improvement influencing IR detector parameters is shown. CdTe buffer layer deposition allows HgCdTe heterostructure growth on GaAs substrates. Theoretical modelling using APSYS platform supports designing and better understanding of the carrier transport mechanism in detector’s structures. Secondary ion mass spectrometry profiles allows to compare projected and obtained structures and revealed diffusion processes of the elements. A wide range of different types of infrared detectors operating at high operating temperature conditions has been constructed: photoresistors, non-equilibrium photodiodes, dual-band photodiodes, barrier and multiple detectors. The methodical research efforts contributed to the time constant reduction are important in many detector applications. Future challenges and prospects are also discussed.
Use of a Laparoscopic Witzel Gastrostomy Without Gastropexy in Bariatric and General Surgery
Authors: Davies Joshua , Pernar Luise , Eble Danielle , Fernandez Adolfo Z. , Carmine Brian , Hess Donald , Carter Cullen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Gastrostomy placement is the preferred means of long-term enteral feeding for patients who cannot eat by mouth. During laparoscopic gastrostomy, it is standard to perform gastropexy, apposing visceral and parietal peritoneum. In some settings, due to altered anatomy from prior surgery, direct apposition of the stomach to the abdominal wall is not possible. This study reports a series of cases where laparoscopic gastrostomy was performed via a Witzel approach without gastropexy.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed of all patients at a tertiary academic medical center who underwent Witzel gastrostomy without gastropexy over a 3-year period. In each case, an 18-French tube was placed into the fundus of the stomach and secured with a purse-string suture. A 5-cm serosalized Witzel tunnel was created around the tube using running silk suture. No gastropexy was performed.

Results
Six patients underwent 7 Witzel gastrostomy procedures. In three cases, patients had undergone prior major upper abdominal surgery where adhesive disease prevented gastropexy. In the other four cases, the patients had undergone prior gastric bypass with antecolic antegastric position of the roux limb. No patient suffered leak of gastric contents into the peritoneum, and there were no postoperative complications or mortality related to the gastrostomy.

Conclusion
In cases where enteral access is necessary, and where the stomach cannot reach the anterior abdominal wall for gastropexy due to prior surgeries, a Witzel gastrostomy without gastropexy is a safe option which resulted in no morbidity or mortality in our series.
Formal Safety Assessment of a Marine Seismic Survey Vessel Operation, Incorporating Risk Matrix and Fault Tree Analysis
Authors: Asuelimen Gregory , Blanco-Davis Eduardo , Wang Jin , Yang Zaili , Matellini Dante Benjamin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn maritime safety research, risk is assessed usually within the framework of formal safety assessment (FSA), which provides a formal and systematic methodology to improve the safety of lives, assets, and the environment. A bespoke application of FSA to mitigate accidents in marine seismic surveying is put forward in this paper, with the aim of improving the safety of seismic vessel operations, within the context of developing an economically viable strategy. The work herein takes a close look at the hazards in North Sea offshore seismic surveying, in order to identify critical risk factors, leading to marine seismic survey accidents. The risk factors leading to undesirable events are analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. A risk matrix is introduced to screen the identified undesirable events. Further to the screening, Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is presented to investigate and analyse the most critical risks of seismic survey operation, taking into account the lack of historical data. The obtained results show that man overboard (MOB) event is a major risk factor in marine seismic survey operation; lack of training on safe work practice, slippery deck as a result of rain, snow or water splash, sea state affecting human judgement, and poor communication are identified as the critical risk contributors to the MOB event. Consequently, the risk control options are focused on the critical risk contributors for decision-making. Lastly, suggestions for the introduction and development of the FSA methodology are highlighted for safer marine and offshore operations in general.
Sahulia, a new endemic genus and a generic key to Sapotaceae in New Guinea
Authors: Swenson Ulf , Kearey Jennifer 
Published: August 2020

SummarySahulia suboppositifolia (Sapotaceae, Chrysophylloideae) is described and illustrated as a new monotypic genus from New Guinea. The species is so far only known from four collections made in lowland tropical rainforest near Lake Murray in the west and Koitaki east of Port Moresby. As a member of Sapotaceae with white latex, entire leaves, and flowers in fascicles, it is readily distinguished by the combination of opposite leaves, non-areolate venation, and almost 10 mm long green flowers with a bristle-like corolla margin consisting of short, rather thick, and pointing trichomes. We also provide a new generic key to Sapotaceae for New Guinea.
Mobile Arbeit – räumlich entgrenzt und ortsgebunden
Authors: Monz Anna , Vogl Gerlinde 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit Anforderungen ortsgebundener mobiler Arbeit und den daraus resultierenden Belastungen. Die Diskussion um mobile Arbeit wird überwiegend vor dem Hintergrund zunehmender räumlicher und zeitlicher Gestaltungsspielräume von Wissensarbeiter/-innen geführt. In diesem Beitrag steht hingegen die ortsgebundene mobile Arbeit von Techniker/-innen im Fokus, welche die Anwesenheit der Beschäftigten bei Kund/-innen zwingend voraussetzt. Anhand der Empirie werden neue Anforderungen analysiert, die im Zusammenhang mit der Digitalisierung stehen und sich sowohl auf die Tätigkeit und den Arbeitsprozess selbst als auch auf die räumliche und digitale Mobilität auswirken.Praktische Relevanz:Die empirischen Ergebnisse verweisen auf die Notwendigkeit einer Arbeitsgestaltung, die neben den Anforderungen, die sich aus der konkreten Arbeitstätigkeit ergeben, auch die mobilitätsbedingten Anforderungen mit in den Blick nimmt. Erst durch die systematische Analyse des Zusammenwirkens beider Bereiche ergeben sich spezifische Erkenntnisse für die Gestaltung von mobiler ortsgebundener Arbeit. Durch die Unterscheidung in arbeits- und mobilitätsbezogene Anforderungen wird zudem der Fokus auf die räumliche Mobilität und auf die dazu notwendige Mobilitätsarbeit gelenkt.
Technologies Enabling Situational Awareness During Disaster Response: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kedia Tara , Ratcliff Jeremy , O’Connor Megan , Oluic Sophia , Rose Michelle , Freeman Jeff , Rainwater-Lovett Kaitlin 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTSituational awareness (SA) is critical to mobilizing a rapid, efficient, and effective response to disasters. Limited by time and resources, response agencies must make decisions about rapidly evolving situations, which requires the collection, analysis, and sharing of actionable information across a complex landscape. Emerging technologies, if appropriately applied, can enhance SA and enable responders to make quicker, more accurate decisions. The aim of this systematic review is to identify technologies that can improve SA and assist decision-making across the United States Government and the domestic and international agencies they support during disaster response operations. A total of 1459 articles and 36 after-action reports were identified during literature searches. Following the removal of duplicates and application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, 302 articles and after-action reports were included in the review. Our findings suggest SA is constrained primarily due to unreliable and significantly delayed communications, time-intensive data analysis and visualization, and a lack of interoperable sensor networks and other capabilities providing data to shared platforms. Many of these challenges could be addressed by existing technologies. Bridging the divide between research and development efforts and the operational needs of response agencies should be prioritized.