bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurse Staffing, the Clinical Work Environment, and Burn Patient Mortality
Authors: Bettencourt Amanda P , McHugh Matthew D , Sloane Douglas M , Aiken Linda H 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe complexity of modern burn care requires an integrated team of specialty providers working together to achieve the best possible outcome for each burn survivor. Nurses are central to many aspects of a burn survivor’s care, including physiologic monitoring, fluid resuscitation, pain management, infection prevention, complex wound care, and rehabilitation. Research suggests that in general, hospital nursing resources, defined as nurse staffing and the quality of the work environment, relate to patient mortality. Still, the relationship between those resources and burn mortality has not been previously examined. This study used a multivariable risk-adjusted regression model and a linked, cross-sectional claims database of more than 14,000 adults (≥18 years) thermal burn patients admitted to 653 hospitals to evaluate these relationships. Hospital nursing resources were independently reported by more than 29,000 bedside nurses working in the study hospitals. In the high burn patient-volume hospitals (≥100/y) that care for the most severe burn injuries, each additional patient added to a nurse’s workload is associated with 30% higher odds of mortality (P &lt; .05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.94), and improving the work environment is associated with 28% lower odds of death (P &lt; .05, 95% CI: 0.07–0.99). Nursing resources are vital in the care of burn patients and are a critical, yet previously omitted, variable in the evaluation of burn outcomes. Attention to nurse staffing and improvement to the nurse work environment is warranted to promote optimal recovery for burn survivors. Given the influence of nursing on mortality, future research evaluating burn patient outcomes should account for nursing resources.
Realized Volatility Forecasting with Neural Networks
Authors: Bucci Andrea 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the last few decades, a broad strand of literature in finance has implemented artificial neural networks as a forecasting method. The major advantage of this approach is the possibility to approximate any linear and nonlinear behaviors without knowing the structure of the data generating process. This makes it suitable for forecasting time series which exhibit long-memory and nonlinear dependencies, like conditional volatility. In this article, the predictive performance of feed-forward and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) was compared, particularly focusing on the recently developed long short-term memory (LSTM) network and nonlinear autoregressive model process with eXogenous input (NARX) network, with traditional econometric approaches. The results show that RNNs are able to outperform all the traditional econometric methods. Additionally, capturing long-range dependence through LSTM and NARX models seems to improve the forecasting accuracy also in a highly volatile period.
Linking Migration Aspirations to Integration Prospects: The Experience of Syrian Refugees in Sweden
Authors: Borselli Marco , van Meijl Toon 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this article, we examine the shifting role of aspirations in migration and integration processes by focusing on the experiences of a group of Syrian refugees settling in Sweden. We demonstrate that aspirations and capabilities may be used to study the lives of refugees (and immigrants) before, during, and after migration and that through a sequential study of aspirations it is possible to determine how refugees come to envision possible life trajectories in destination countries. Understanding the relevance of refugees’ aspirations and the effects that other actors have on these is important to recognize refugees’ active role in shaping migration and integration dynamics.
Louise Spieker Rankin’s Global Souths: An American Cookbook for India and Culinary Imperialism
Authors: Tunc Tanfer Emin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In 1933, Louise Spieker Rankin published the first edition of An American Cookbook for India, a recipe and household manual for American women who, like herself, found themselves living as expatriates in India with little or no prior knowledge of domestic life in subcontinental Asia. While Rankin’s cookbook builds upon the preexisting body of Anglo-Indian colonial cookbooks produced by the women of the British Raj, what renders the second edition of An American Cookbook for India (published in 1944) worthy of examination is how it connects one global south—Rankin’s homeland of the American South—to another, South Asia. In Rankin’s network of global souths, the troubling legacy of American slavery and domestic servitude by people of color are superimposed onto India through an extension of U.S. imperialism—in this case, through a complicated form of culinary imperialism in which male Indian cooks continue the work of the "mammies" of the “Old South” by replicating nostalgic southern recipes and perpetuating white supremacy. As I contend, a significant part of this gendered, racist, imperialist project is also the elision, or at best selective representation, of two wars—the American Civil War and World War II—which are eclipsed by the mythmaking that accompanies An American Cookbook for India.
MRI image analysis methods and applications: an algorithmic perspective using brain tumors as an exemplar
Authors: Vadmal Vachan , Junno Grant , Badve Chaitra , Huang William , Waite Kristin A , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in healthcare and the emergence of radiology as a practice are both relatively new compared with the classical specialties in medicine. Having its naissance in the 1970s and later adoption in the 1980s, the use of MRI has grown exponentially, consequently engendering exciting new areas of research. One such development is the use of computational techniques to analyze MRI images much like the way a radiologist would. With the advent of affordable, powerful computing hardware and parallel developments in computer vision, MRI image analysis has also witnessed unprecedented growth. Due to the interdisciplinary and complex nature of this subfield, it is important to survey the current landscape and examine the current approaches for analysis and trend trends moving forward.
Liberal Relativism’s Challenge to Conscience Rights
Authors: Finegan Thomas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
I argue that within contemporary liberal theory and case law is a relativistic conception of conscience, a conception which has the effect of obscuring the significance of conscience and downplaying the importance of conscience rights. The article focuses in particular on the right to conscientious objection. After outlining a representative cohort of cases from within contemporary liberalism concerning conscientious objection I analyse Cardinal Ratzinger’s (Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI) ‘dictatorship of relativism’ critique for its cogency as a response to these cases. I contend that although the ‘dictatorship of relativism’ critique is almost always understood in a univocal manner it is in fact comprised of two logically distinct arguments. One of these is found fundamentally flawed while the other is deemed promising yet in need of supplementation and defence. This I attempt via an analysis of the understanding of conscience present within contemporary liberal case law and theory. I go on to claim that contemporary liberalism, in part due to its problematic understanding of conscience, is often insufficiently respectful of an important principle of conscience rights protection when it dismisses claims of conscientious objection. The final part of the article is an attempt at explaining the paradox of a liberalism which readily justifies significant restrictions on conscience rights. I end by concluding that one version of the ‘dictatorship of relativism’ critique, suitably clarified and supplemented, is basically sound and poses a very serious challenge to contemporary liberalism.
A building concern? The health needs of families in temporary accommodation
Authors: Croft Laura Austin , Marossy Agnes , Wilson Tracey , Atabong Alice 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
The number of families living in temporary accommodation in the UK is increasing. International evidence suggests that family homelessness contributes to poor mental health outcomes for both child and parent/carer, yet there is no routine way of understanding these health impacts at a local area level.

Methods
A homeless health needs audit was adapted to include questions about family health and completed in survey form by 33 people living in temporary accommodation in the London Borough of Bromley. Data were supplemented through an engagement event with 23 health and community care practitioners.

Results
The small population sample surveyed showed high levels of poor mental health in addition to behaviours that increase the risk of physical ill health (such as smoking) and a high use of secondary healthcare services. Engagement with practitioners showed awareness of poor health amongst this population group and challenges with regard to providing appropriate support.

Conclusions
There needs to be a sustainable and representative way of understanding the health needs of this population group including a comparison of the health needs of people placed in temporary accommodation in and out of their resident area.
Coparenting Supports in Mitigating the Effects of Family Conflict on Infant and Young Child Development
Authors: Negrini Lisa S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Family conflict has a profound impact on infants and young children’s social–emotional and behavioral development. In work with infants and young children, it is critical to understand the ways in which conflict between coparents infiltrates the family system, creating less than optimum environments for young children. Current research suggests that children who are surrounded by family conflict lag behind in the development of social, emotional, and regulatory skills. Developing a clear understanding of the ways in which children need to be supported through solid coparental relationships is essential because young children’s sense of safety and security enables them to optimize their developmental capacities. This report and analysis of supports for coparenting also reviews the literature on the effects of coparental conflict on children. Considering the mother–father–child triangle and the benefits of coparenting to the young child, particularly in families in which conflict exists, enhances our work with families. An exploration of the opportunities for integrating coparenting supports into services for families is discussed, and a case for incorporating these strategies into treatment protocols is made. Recommendations for further research on the use of coparenting supports to buffer the effects of family conflict on infants and young children are proposed.
UAE private foundations—an overview
Authors: Mrazek Yann 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Most Middle Eastern entrepreneurial families are familiar with foreign offshore trusts and foundations and have been using these tools to ensure wealth preservation and inter-generational continuity for several generations. In that context, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) now counts three foundation regimes (in the Abu Dhabi Global Market, the Dubai International Financial Centre and the Ras Al Khaimah International Corporate Centre) and provides a local solution to wealth management and preservation, family succession planning, corporate structuring and asset protection. The purpose of this article is to present the context, mechanisms and interests in relation to UAE private foundations.
Duties and remedies in the Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) and the Principles of Reinsurance Contract Law (PRICL): notes for a comparison
Authors: Cerini Diana 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
I. Reinsurance in the global landscape: risks of legal uncertainty and the case for an optional law; II. Relation between the Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) and the Principles of Reinsurance Contract Law (PRICL); III. Contractual duties in the PICC and PRICL; IV. Remedies; V. Conclusion.
Disc Hemorrhages Are Associated With the Presence and Progression of Glaucomatous Central Visual Field Defects
Authors: Shukla Aakriti G. , Sirinek Portia E. , De Moraes C. Gustavo , Blumberg Dana M. , Cioffi George A. , Skaat Alon , Girkin Christopher A. , Weinreb Robert N. , Zangwill Linda M. , Hood Donald C. , Liebmann Jeffrey M. 
Published: April 2020

Precis:
In this prospective cohort study, disc hemorrhages were associated with more severe central damage on 24-2 and 10-2 visual fields (VFs), and faster progression globally on 24-2 VFs and centrally on 10-2 VFs.

Purpose:
To study the relationship between disc hemorrhage (DH) and the presence and progression of glaucomatous central VF damage.

Methods:
Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were performed on data from the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES) cohort. Two masked investigators reviewed disc photographs for the presence and location of DH. 24-2 central VF damage was based on the number of test locations within the central 10 degrees of the 24-2 field pattern deviation and their mean total deviation (MTD). 10-2 central VF damage was based on pattern deviation and MTD. Main outcome measures were the association between DH and presence of central VF damage and between DH and worsening of VF.

Results:
DH was detected in 21 of 335 eyes (6.2%). In the cross-sectional analysis, DH was significantly associated with more severe central damage on 24-2 [incidence rate ratio=1.47; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.02-2.12; P=0.035] and 10-2 VFs (incidence rate ratio=1.81; 95% CI=1.26-2.60; P=0.001). In the longitudinal analysis, DH eyes progressed faster than non-DH eyes based on 24-2 global MTD rates (difference in slopes, β=−0.06; 95% CI=−0.11 to −0.01; P=0.009) and 10-2 MTD rates (β=−0.10; 95% CI=−0.14 to −0.06; P< 0.001), but not 24-2 central MTD rates (β=−0.02; 95% CI=−0.078 to 0.026; P=0.338).

Conclusion:
DH was associated with the presence and progression of central VF defects. DH identification should prompt intensive central VF monitoring and surveillance with 10-2 fields to detect progression.
The Effect of Physical and Cognitive Impairments on Caregiving
Authors: Jutkowitz Eric , Gozalo Pedro , Trivedi Amal , Mitchell Lauren , Gaugler Joseph E. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Many older adults receive caregiving; however, less is known about how a change in a care recipient’s functional activity limitations [instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and basic activities of daily living (ADL)] as well as their cognitive impairment influence the amount of caregiving received.

Methods:
Using the Health and Retirement Study (2002–2014) we identified community-dwelling respondents with Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD; n=674), cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND; n=530), and no cognitive impairment (n=6126). We estimated a series of two-part regression models to identify the association between care recipients’ level of cognitive impairment, change in total number of IADL/ADL limitations and amount of caregiving received.

Results:
Persons with ADRD received 235.8 (SD=265.6) monthly hours of care compared with 26.0 (SD=92.6) and 6.0 (SD=40.7) for persons with CIND and no cognitive impairment, respectively. An increase in one IADL/ADL limitation resulted in persons with ADRD and CIND receiving 4.90 (95% confidence interval: 3.40–6.39) and 1.43 (95% confidence interval: 0.17–2.69) more hours of caregiving than persons with no cognitive impairment. Increases in total IADL/ADL limitations were associated with persons with ADRD, but not CIND, receiving more days of caregiving and having more caregivers than persons with no cognitive impairment.

Conclusions:
Compared with persons with no cognitive impairment, increases in IADL/ADL limitations disproportionally increases the caregiving received for persons with ADRD. Policies and programs must pay attention to functional impairments among those living with ADRD.
The Effect of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Classroom in Nature on the Quality of Life of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Navas‐López Víctor M. , Martel Laura Camacho , Martín‐Masot Rafael , Rubio María Navalón , Santana Natalia Ruiz , López Marta Herrador , Frías Arjona Almudena , Merino Valero Víctor M. , Ortega Doltz Verónica , Ramos‐Cózar Sara N. , Alcaín Martínez Guillermo 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT“The IBD Classroom in Nature” is an initiative that combines training and leisure activities in an ideal environment where families and patients can interact with each other. The objective of the present study was to quantify the effect that “The IBD Classroom in Nature” had on the health‐related quality‐of‐life of patients with Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We conducted a prospective, analytical study with a pre‐post design to demonstrate the impact on health‐related quality‐of‐life (measured with the IMPACT‐III questionnaire) of 3 days together in the context of The IBD Classroom in Nature. The study included 13 patients with IBD with a mean age of 12.3 years (interquartile range 11.9–14.5). After “The IBD Classroom in Nature” there was an improvement in the IMPACT‐III score with significant improvements in the emotional functioning and body image domains. The present study objectively shows the beneficial effect of group activities focused on the most diverse aspects of their disease.
Cancer risk following lymphoid malignancies among HIV-infected people
Authors: Mahale Parag , Ugoji Chinenye , Engels Eric A. , Shiels Meredith S. , Peprah Sally , Morton Lindsay M. 
Published: April 2020

Objective(s):
HIV-infected people have increased cancer risk. Lymphoma survivors have an increased risk of certain second primary cancers in the general population, but second cancer risk among HIV-infected people is poorly understood. Herein, we characterized the risk of cancers following lymphoid malignancies among HIV-infected people.

Design:
Population-based linkage of HIV and cancer registries.

Methods:
We used data from the US HIV/AIDS Cancer Match Study (1996–2015) and evaluated the risk of first nonlymphoid malignancy in Cox regression models, with first lymphoid malignancy diagnosis as a time-dependent variable.

Results:
Among 531 460 HIV-infected people included in our study, 6513 first lymphoid and 18 944 first nonlymphoid malignancies were diagnosed. Risk of nonlymphoid cancer following a lymphoid malignancy was increased overall [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.3--3.2], and specifically for cancers of the oral cavity (aHR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.2–5.5), colon (2.4; 1.1–5.0), rectum (3.6; 1.9–6.7), anus (3.6; 2.5–5.1), liver (2.0; 1.2–3.5), lung (1.6; 1.1–2.4), vagina/vulva (6.1; 2.3–16.3), and central nervous system (5.0; 1.6–15.6), Kaposi sarcoma (4.6; 3.4–6.2), and myeloid malignancies (9.7; 6.1–15.4). After additional adjustment for prior AIDS diagnosis and time since HIV diagnosis, aHRs were attenuated overall (aHR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.5–2.0) and remained significant for cancers of the rectum, anus, and vagina/vulva, Kaposi sarcoma, and myeloid malignancies.

Conclusion:
HIV–infected people with lymphoid malignancies have an increased risk of subsequent non–lymphoid cancers. As risks remained significant after adjustment for time since HIV diagnosis and prior AIDS diagnosis, it suggests that immunosuppression may explain some, but not all, of these risks.
Efficacy and Safety of Short-type Single Balloon Enteroscopy-assisted Peroral Direct Cholangioscopy Using an Ultra-slim Endoscope in Patients With Surgically Altered Anatomy
Authors: Mandai Koichiro , Uno Koji , Yasuda Kenjiro 
Published: April 2020

Background:
The efficacy and safety of peroral direct cholangioscopy (PDCS) in patients with surgically altered anatomy (SAA) are unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of short-type single balloon enteroscope (s-SBE)-assisted PDCS using an ultra-slim endoscope in patients with SAA.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed 12 sessions of PDCS performed in 8 patients with surgically altered gastrointestinal or pancreatobiliary anatomy between November 2017 and September 2019 at our institution. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography using s-SBE was initially performed. Subsequently, the s-SBE was exchanged for an ultra-slim endoscope through an overtube with an inflated balloon to perform PDCS. We analyzed the success rates and adverse events resulting from the procedure.

Results:
Six patients had biliary stones and 2 had biliary strictures. The types of reconstruction were Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy (n=5), Billroth II gastrectomy (n=2), and Roux-en-Y gastrectomy (n=1). Biliary insertion of the ultra-slim endoscope was successful in all 12 sessions. Biliary interventions included electronic hydraulic lithotripsy in 5 sessions, stone removal using basket catheter in 3 sessions, biopsy in 2 sessions, and diagnosis of no residual stones in 2 sessions. Complete stone removal was finally achieved in all 6 patients with biliary stones. Biliary strictures in 2 patients were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma following a biopsy. The adverse events were cholangitis of mild severity in 3 sessions.

Conclusion:
S-SBE-assisted PDCS using an ultra-slim endoscope was useful and safe in patients with SAA, although care should be taken to avoid adverse events.
Damage to red blood cells during whole blood storage
Authors: Oh Joo-Yeun , Marques Marisa B. , Xu Xin , Li Jindong , Genschmer Kristopher , Gaggar Amit , Jansen Jan O. , Holcomb John B. , Pittet Jean-Francois , Patel Rakesh P. 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUNDTransfusion with stored whole blood (WB) is increasingly routine practice to resuscitate bleeding trauma patients. Storage of packed red blood cells (pRBC) results in multiple biochemical, structural, and metabolic changes, referred to as to the storage lesion that may mediate adverse effects associated with transfusion of older RBC units. These include increased hemolysis, oxidative stress, and accelerated scavenging of nitric oxide (NO). Whether similar changes occur to stored WB is unclear and are characterized in this study.METHODSTen WB units, in citrate-phosphate-dextrose, were purchased from the American Red Cross and changes in hemolysis (increased free hemoglobin, heme, and microparticles), oxidative stress indexed by redox cycling of peroxiredoxin-2 (Prx-2) and NO-scavenging kinetics were determined at different storage times until expiration.RESULTSMicroparticle number and free hemoglobin, but not heme, increased in a storage time-dependent manner. When normalized to the initial number of RBCs in stored WB units, hemolysis rates were similar to those reported for pRBCs. Prx-2 recycling kinetics were slower at expiration compared with earlier storage times. Rates of NO dioxygenation did not change with storage, but were decreased compared with freshly isolated RBCs.CONCLUSIONStorage of WB results in changes associated with the pRBC storage lesion but not for all parameters tested. The relative rate of hemolysis (indexed by free hemoglobin and microparticles) and oxidative stress was similar to that of pRBCs. However, the absolute level of hemolysis products were lower due to lower hematocrit of stored WB units. The clinical significance of these findings requires further investigation.