bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, beliefs, and influences associated with complementary and alternative medicine among physiotherapy and counselling students
Authors: Armson Anthony , Hodgetts Christopher , Wright Anthony , Jacques Angela , Ricciardi Tanja , Bettinelli Giuly , Walker Bruce 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to determine whether physiotherapy and counselling students, who represent a future generation of two health professions, have differing views about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).MethodsIn order to determine physiotherapy and counselling students' self‐rated knowledge and beliefs about CAM and the factors which influence that understanding, a modified 10‐item CAM Health Belief Questionnaire was administered across all year groups to physiotherapy students and counselling students at two universities in Perth, Western Australia. The self‐rated paper‐based survey measured knowledge of CAM among physiotherapy and counselling students, evaluation of their beliefs regarding the use of CAM, factors that influence their knowledge and beliefs, and their likelihood of recommending CAM to future patients.ResultsA response rate of 96.8% was achieved, with 387 physiotherapy students and 88 counselling students. Moderately positive beliefs about CAM were confirmed in both groups, with mean scores of 42.8/70 for physiotherapy students and 43.3/70 for counselling students. There were no significant differences between the student groups in overall self‐rated knowledge of CAM. The main factors that influenced the students' responses were personal experience for counselling students and scientific evidence for physiotherapy students. Other factors included university training, attitudes of lecturers, tutors and fellow students, cultural background, and opinions of external practitioners. Counselling students were more likely than physiotherapy students to recommend CAM therapies to their future patients.ConclusionThe results from this study demonstrate minimal self‐rated knowledge but moderately positive attitudes towards CAM by both physiotherapy and counselling students.
Structure and function of cis‐acting RNA elements of flavivirus
Authors: Liu Zhong‐Yu , Qin Cheng‐Feng 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe genus Flavivirus is a group of single‐stranded, positive‐sense RNA viruses that includes numerous human pathogens with global impact, such as dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). The approximately 11‐kilobase genome is flanked by highly structured untranslated regions (UTRs), which contain various cis‐acting RNA elements with unique structures and functions. Moreover, local RNA elements circularize the genome non‐covalently through long‐range interactions. Interestingly, many flavivirus cis‐acting RNA elements contain group‐specific motifs or are specific for the given phylogenetic groups, suggesting their potential association with flavivirus evolution and diversification. In this review, we summarize recent advances about the structure and function of cis‐acting RNA elements in flavivirus genomes and highlight the potential implications for flavivirus evolution. Finally, the scientific questions remained to be answered in the field are also discussed.
Microfluidic Designing Microgels Containing Highly Concentrated Gold Nanoparticles for SERS Analysis of Complex Fluids
Authors: Kim Yeong Hwa , Kim Dong Jae , Lee Sangmin , Kim Dong‐Ho , Park Sung‐Gyu , Kim Shin‐Hyun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is one of the most promising methods to detect small molecules for point‐of‐care analysis as it is rapid, nondestructive, label‐free, and applicable for aqueous samples. Here, microgels containing highly concentrated yet evenly dispersed gold nanoparticles are designed to provide SERS substrates that simultaneously achieve contamination‐free metal surfaces and high signal enhancement and reproducibility. With capillary microfluidic devices, water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) double‐emulsion drops are prepared to contain gold nanoparticles and hydrogel precursors in innermost drop. Under hypertonic condition, water is selectively pumped out from the innermost drops. Therefore, gold nanoparticles are gently concentrated without forming aggregates, which are then captured by hydrogel matrix. The resulting microgels have a concentration of gold nanoparticles ≈30 times higher and show Raman intensity two orders of magnitude higher than those with no enrichment. In addition, even distribution of gold nanoparticles results in uniform Raman intensity, providing high signal reproducibility. Moreover, as the matrix of the microgel serves as a molecular filter, large adhesive proteins are rejected, which enables the direct detection of small molecules dissolved in the protein solution. It is believed that this advanced SERS platform is useful for in situ detection of toxic molecules in complex mixtures such as biological fluids, foods, and cosmetics.
Ion Migration: A “Double‐Edged Sword” for Halide‐Perovskite‐Based Electronic Devices
Authors: Zhang Teng , Hu Chen , Yang Shihe 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIon migration has been regarded as one of the most interesting and mysterious processes in halide‐perovskite‐based electronic devices. On the one hand, ion migration contributes to the hysteresis and poor stability problems of perovskite devices. On the other hand, the mobile ions can passivate the interfaces of perovskite devices, leading to improved carrier transportation and collection. This article gives a critical review on the ion migration in halide perovskite materials. It starts with a brief introduction of the origin and nature of the ion migration problem in perovskite materials. Next, the electric, photoelectric, and structural phenomena resulting from ion migration and their influence on the performance and stability of the perovskite devices are focused on. The recent literature work on the characterization of ion migration is reviewed and the characterization techniques are highlighted. Furthermore, different approaches that can suppress the ion migration process are also introduced. Finally, ion migration in the emerging all‐inorganic halide perovskite materials is compared with that in hybrid halide perovskite materials, and the implications on device design and performance are discussed.
An intrinsic, label-free signal for identifying stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte subtype
Authors: Chang Che-Wei , Kao Hillary K. J. , Yechikov Sergey , Lieu Deborah K. , Chan James W. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes have many promising applications, including the regeneration of injured heart muscles, cardiovascular disease modeling, and drug cardiotoxicity screening. Current differentiation protocols yield a heterogeneous cell population that includes pluripotent stem cells and different cardiac subtypes (pacemaking and contractile cells). The ability to purify these cells and obtain well-defined, controlled cell compositions is important for many downstream applications; however, there is currently no established and reliable method to identify hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and their subtypes. Here, we demonstrate that second harmonic generation (SHG) signals generated directly from the myosin rod bundles can be a label-free, intrinsic optical marker for identifying hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. A direct correlation between SHG signal intensity and cardiac subtype is observed, with pacemaker-like cells typically exhibiting ~70% less signal strength than atrial- and ventricular-like cardiomyocytes. These findings suggest that pacemaker-like cells can be separated from the heterogeneous population by choosing an SHG intensity threshold criteria. This work lays the foundation for developing an SHG-based high-throughput flow sorter for purifying hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and their subtypes.
Effects of thyroid hormone on mitochondria and metabolism of human preimplantation embryos
Authors: Noli Laila , Khorsandi Shirin E. , Pyle Angela , Giritharan Gnanaratnam , Fogarty Norah , Capalbo Antonio , Devito Liani , Jovanovic Vladimir M. , Khurana Preeti , Rosa Hannah , Kolundzic Nikola , Cvoro Aleksandra , Niakan Kathy K. , Malik Afshan , Foulk Russell , Heaton Nigel , Ardawi Mohammad Saleh , Chinnery Patrick F. , Ogilvie Caroline , Khalaf Yacoub , Ilic Dusko 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Thyroid hormones are regarded as the major controllers of metabolic rate and oxygen consumption in mammals. Although it has been demonstrated that thyroid hormone supplementation improves bovine embryo development in vitro, the cellular mechanisms underlying these effects are so far unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of thyroid hormone in development of human preimplantation embryos. Embryos were cultured in the presence or absence of 10−7 M triiodothyronine (T3) till blastocyst stage. Inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) were separated mechanically and subjected to RNAseq or quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number. Analyses were performed using DESeq (v1.16.0 on R v3.1.3), MeV4.9 and MitoMiner 4.0v2018 JUN platforms. We found that the exposure of human preimplantation embryos to T3 had a profound impact on nuclear gene transcription only in the cells of ICM (1178 regulated genes—10.5% of 11 196 expressed genes) and almost no effect on cells of TE (38 regulated genes—0.3% of expressed genes). The analyses suggest that T3 induces in ICM a shift in ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation activity, as the upregulated genes are contributing to the composition and organization of the respiratory chain and associated cofactors involved in mitoribosome assembly and stability. Furthermore, a number of genes affecting the citric acid cycle energy production have reduced expression. Our findings might explain why thyroid disorders in women have been associated with reduced fertility and adverse pregnancy outcome. Our data also raise a possibility that supplementation of culture media with T3 may improve outcomes for women undergoing in vitro fertilization.
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase proteins inhibit teratoma growth in mice transplanted with pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Choi Kyung-Ah , Park Han-Kyul , Hwang Insik , Jeong Hyesun , Park Hang-Soo , Jang Ahyoung , Namkung Yong , Hyun Donghun , Lee Seulbee , Yoo Byung Min , Kwon Han-Jin , Seol Ki-Cheon , Kim Jeong-Ok , Hong Sunghoi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can serve as an unlimited cell source for transplantation therapies for treating various devastating diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and Parkinson's disease. However, PSC transplantation has some associated risks, including teratoma formation from the remaining undifferentiated PSCs. Thus, for successful clinical application, it is essential to ablate the proliferative PSCs before or after transplantation. In this study, neural stem cell-derived conditioned medium (NSC-CM) inhibited the proliferation of PSCs and PSC-derived neural precursor (NP) cells without influencing the potential of PSC-NP cells to differentiate into neurons in vitro and prevented teratoma growth in vivo. Moreover, we found that the NSC-CM remarkably decreased the expression levels of Oct4 and cyclin D1 that Oct4 directly binds to and increased the cleaved-caspase 3-positive cell death through the DNA damage response in PSCs and PSC-NPs. Interestingly, we found that NSCs distinctly secreted the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 proteins. These proteins suppressed not only the proliferation of PSCs in cell culture but also teratoma growth in mice transplanted with PSCs through inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activity. Taken together, these results suggest that the TIMP proteins may improve the efficacy and safety of the PSC-based transplantation therapy.
Fast SVM training using data reconstruction for classification of very large datasets
Authors: Liang Peifeng , Li Weite , Hu Jinglu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes a fast support vector machine (SVM) training method for the classification of very large datasets using data reconstruction. The idea is to scale down the training data by removing the samples that have low probability to become support vectors (SVs) in the feature space. For this purpose, it applies a series of gradually refined rough SVM classifiers with a quasi‐linear kernel to build rough separation boundaries and remove those samples that are far away from the boundary. In order to make the proposed algorithm efficient for both low‐dimensional and high‐dimensional datasets, efforts are made on three aspects. The first one is to compose a quasi‐linear kernel using the information of data manifold and potential separation boundary such that the samples mapped to feature space keep a sparse distribution, especially in the direction perpendicular to the separation boundary. The second one is to avoid computing Euclidean distances between samples, which may lose its effect on very high dimensional datasets when mapping the samples to feature space and selecting the samples for training data reconstruction. The third one is to design a sophisticated iterative algorithm to gradually refine the rough SVM classifier so as to remove non‐SVs efficiently. The proposed fast SVM training method is applied to different real‐world large datasets and compared with different methods, and simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, especially for very high dimensional datasets. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Understanding Disability in Theory, Justice, and Planning
Authors: Pineda Victor Santiago 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe experience of people with disabilities living in different countries varies significantly from place to place. Why do some countries excel in ensuring rights for people with disabilities, while others struggle? The answers are linked not only to laws, governance, and accountability but also to salience and the participation of people with disabilities in the issues that most affect them. Successful outcomes for disability-related policies have been inspired by the influential work of authors including Peter Evans, Amartya Sen, Sophie Mitra, and Kay Nagata. This chapter first explores dominant paradigms in social justice and development in planning theory and examines the conceptual pitfalls and failures to address disability-related justice. It then expands on theories proposed by Evans, Sen, Mitra, and Nagata to elaborate on the urban-focused Capability Model of Disability (CMD). The integrative CMD framework effectively addresses a range of nuanced challenges found when cities work to implement inclusive urban policies and programs. The concept of salience is also explored as a novel, more inclusive, and culturally relative development-based framework.
The Evolving Transformations of Disability in Dubai Between 1980 and 2012
Authors: Pineda Victor Santiago 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo examine the transformation of disability policy in the city of Dubai is to examine how the daily lives of people with disabilities are affected by these policies. This chapter explores in detail the evolution of disability policy in Dubai between 1980 and 2012 in two parts. The first explores the concept of urban transformation by highlighting the role that key legal, political, social, and cultural events played in shaping the evolution of disability services leading up to my first visit to Dubai in 2007. The second offers discussion of empirical findings from extensive fieldwork I conducted between 2007 and 2012. Findings were derived from numerous interviews, surveys, and focus groups aimed at answering the following questions: What steps have planners and policymakers taken to make Dubai more inclusive of people with disabilities, what impact has this had, and what broader lessons can be drawn from the experience?
Immune capacity determines outcome following surgery or trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jia Ruiyi , Zhou Moran , Tuttle Camilla S. L. , Maier Andrea B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeImmunological functions are altered following physical injury. The magnitude of the immunological response is dependent on the initial injury. However, variability in the immune response exists within and between patients where only some patients are at risk of developing complications such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome after injury. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced cytokine production capacity of leucocytes can be used as a functional test to predict the risk of developing complications after injury.MethodsMedline, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched to identify articles that investigated the association between LPS induced cytokine production capacity in leucocytes and any clinical outcome after surgery or trauma. Where sufficient information was supplied, a meta-analysis was performed to determine the overall clinical outcomes.ResultsA total of 25 articles out of 6765 abstracts identified through the literature search were included in this review. Most articles described a positive association between cytokine production capacity and the development of inflammatory complications (n = 15/25). Coincidingly, the meta-analysis demonstrated that TNFα (Hedgesg: 0.63, 95% CI 0.23, 1.03), IL-6 (Hedgesg: 0.76, 95% CI 0.41, 1.11) and IL-8 (Hedgesg: 0.93, 95% CI 0.46, 1.39) production capacity was significantly higher, one day after injury, in patients who developed inflammatory complications compared to patients who did not following trauma or surgical intervention. No significant difference was observed for IL-1β.ConclusionThe associations of elevated LPS-induced cytokine production capacity with the risk of developing inflammatory complications are consistent with previous theories that proposed excessive inflammation is accompanied by anti-inflammatory mechanisms that results in a period of immunosuppression and increased risk of secondary complications. However, immunological biomarkers for risk stratification is still a developing field of research where further investigations and validations are required.
Volume fusion of CT images to measure femoral symmetricity
Authors: Bakhshayesh Peyman , Sandberg Olof , Kumar Vishal , Ali Adam , Enocson Anders 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Pre-operative planning is widely used in orthopaedic surgery. In case of trauma with fracture or previous injury with malunion, the contralateral extremity is used as a surrogate for planning with an assumption of symmetry between sides. The aim of this study was to investigate femoral symmetricity in human adults.

Methods
Ten randomly selected lower extremity computerized tomography (CT) images were analyzed for femur symmetry using 3D Trauma and CT motion analysis (CTMA). Mirrored images of the left femur were created using the right as a template. The 3D images from each side were merged, and translational and rotational differences reported.

Results
There were no statistically significant differences between mirrored images of the left and right femurs. Differences in rotation and translation of bony segmentation showed a greater variation in internal and external rotation of the distal femur (CI − 0.7° to 4.9°) compared to varus/valgus (CI − 1.3° to 0.8°) or flexion/extension (CI − 0.5° to 0.6°), though none of these differences were significant.

Conclusion
The left and right femurs of healthy adults are symmetrical. Pre-operative templating relying on the contralateral healthy femur is encouraged.
Frequency domain boundary value problem analyses of acoustic metamaterials described by an emergent generalized continuum
Authors: Sridhar A. , Kouznetsova V. G. , Geers M. G. D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a computational frequency-domain boundary value analysis of acoustic metamaterials and phononic crystals based on a general homogenization framework, which features a novel definition of the macro-scale fields based on the Floquet-Bloch average in combination with a family of characteristic projection functions leading to a generalized macro-scale continuum. Restricting to 1D elastodynamics and the frequency-domain response for the sake of compactness, the boundary value problem on the generalized macro-scale continuum is elaborated. Several challenges are identified, in particular the non-uniqueness in selection of the boundary conditions for the homogenized continuum and the presence of spurious short wave solutions. To this end, procedures for the determination of the homogenized boundary conditions and mitigation of the spurious solutions are proposed. The methodology is validated against the direct numerical simulation on an example periodic 2-phase composite structure.
The origins of prescribed burning in Scandinavian forestry: the seminal role of Joel Wretlind in the management of fire-dependent forests
Authors: Cogos Sarah , Roturier Samuel , Östlund Lars 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn Sweden, prescribed burning was trialed as early as the 1890s for forest regeneration purposes. However, the origins of prescribed burning in Sweden are commonly attributed to Joel Efraim Wretlind, forest manager in the State Forest district of Malå, Västerbotten County, from 1920 to 1952. To more fully understand the role he played in the development of prescribed burning and the extent of his burning, we examined historical records from the State Forest Company’s archive and Wretlind’s personal archive. The data showed that at least 11,208 ha was burned through prescribed burning between 1921 and 1970, representing 18.7% of the Malå state-owned forest area. Wretlind thus created a new forestry-driven fire regime, reaching, during peak years, extents close to historical fire regimes before the fire suppression era, and much higher than present-day burning. His use of prescribed fire to regenerate forests served as a guide for many other forest managers, spreading to all of northern Sweden during the 1950–1960s. Our analysis of Wretlind’s latest accounts also shows how he stood against the evolutions of modern forestry to defend a forestry system based on the reproduction of natural processes, such as fire.
Finger Growth and Selection in a Poisson Field
Authors: McDonald N. R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSolutions are found for the growth of infinitesimally thin, two-dimensional fingers governed by Poisson’s equation in a long strip. The analytical results determine the asymptotic paths selected by the fingers which compare well with the recent numerical results of Cohen and Rothman (J Stat Phys 167:703–712, 2017) for the case of two and three fingers. The generalisation of the method to an arbitrary number of fingers is presented and further results for four finger evolution given. The relation to the analogous problem of finger growth in a Laplacian field is also discussed.