bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antarctic root endophytes improve physiological performance and yield in crops under salt stress by enhanced energy production and Na+ sequestration
Authors: Molina-Montenegro Marco A. , Acuña-Rodríguez Ian S. , Torres-Díaz Cristian , Gundel Pedro E. , Dreyer Ingo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractClimatic change is pointed as one of the major challenges for global food security. Based on current models of climate change, reduction in precipitations and in turn, increase in the soil salinity will be a sharp constraint for crops productivity worldwide. In this context, root fungi appear as a new strategy to improve plant ecophysiological performance and crop yield under abiotic stress. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the two fungal endophytes Penicillium brevicompactum and P. chrysogenum isolated from Antarctic plants on nutrients and Na+ contents, net photosynthesis, water use efficiency, yield and survival in tomato and lettuce, facing salinity stress conditions. Inoculation of plant roots with fungal endophytes resulted in greater fresh and dry biomass production, and an enhanced survival rate under salt conditions. Inoculation of plants with the fungal endophytes was related with a higher up/down-regulation of ion homeostasis by enhanced expression of the NHX1 gene. The two endophytes diminished the effects of salt stress in tomato and lettuce, provoked a higher efficiency in photosynthetic energy production and an improved sequestration of Na+ in vacuoles is suggested by the upregulating of the expression of vacuolar NHX1 Na+/H+ antiporters. Promoting plant-beneficial interactions with root symbionts appears to be an environmentally friendly strategy to mitigate the impact of climate change variables on crop production.
On the Possibility of Helium Adsorption in Nitrogen Doped Graphitic Materials
Authors: Sahoo Sudhir K. , Heske Julian , Azadi Sam , Zhang Zhenzhe , Tarakina Nadezda V. , Oschatz Martin , Khaliullin Rustam Z. , Antonietti Markus , Kühne Thomas D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe potassium salt of polyheptazine imide (K–PHI) is a promising photocatalyst for various chemical reactions. From powder X–ray diffraction data an idealized structural model of K–PHI has been derived. Using atomic coordinates of this model we defined an energetically optimized K–PHI structure, in which the K ions are present in the pore and between the PHI–planes. The distance between the anion framework and K+ resembles a frustrated Lewis pair-like structure, which we denote as frustrated Coulomb pair that results in an interesting adsorption environment for otherwise non-adsorbing, non-polar gas molecules. We demonstrate that even helium (He) gas molecules, which are known to have the lowest boiling point and the lowest intermolecular interactions, can be adsorbed in this polarized environment with an adsorption energy of − 4.6 kJ mol−1 per He atom. The interaction between He atoms and K–PHI is partially originating from charge transfer, as disclosed by our energy decomposition analysis based on absolutely localized molecular orbitals. Due to very small charge transfer interactions, He gas adsorption saturates at 8 at%, which however can be subject to further improvement by cation variation.
Biomarker Exploration in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells for Monitoring Sulforaphane Treatment Responses in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Liu Hua , Zimmerman Andrew W. , Singh Kanwaljit , Connors Susan L. , Diggins Eileen , Stephenson Katherine K. , Dinkova-Kostova Albena T. , Fahey Jed W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders with no drugs treating the core symptoms and no validated biomarkers for clinical use. The multi-functional phytochemical sulforaphane affects many of the biochemical abnormalities associated with ASD. We investigated potential molecular markers from three ASD-associated physiological pathways that can be affected by sulforaphane: redox metabolism/oxidative stress; heat shock response; and immune dysregulation/inflammation, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors and patients with ASD. We first analyzed the mRNA levels of selected molecular markers in response to sulforaphane ex vivo treatment in PBMCs from healthy donors by real-time quantitative PCR. All of the tested markers showed quantifiability, accuracy and reproducibility. We then compared the expression levels of those markers in PBMCs taken from ASD patients in response to orally-delivered sulforaphane. The mRNA levels of cytoprotective enzymes (NQO1, HO-1, AKR1C1), and heat shock proteins (HSP27 and HSP70), increased. Conversely, mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1β, COX-2 and TNF-α) decreased. Individually none is sufficiently specific or sensitive, but when grouped by function as two panels, these biomarkers show promise for monitoring pharmacodynamic responses to sulforaphane in both healthy and autistic humans, and providing guidance for biomedical interventions.
Accurate and rapid discrimination of cigarette and household decoration material ash residues by negative chemical ionization TOFMS via acid-enhanced evaporation
Authors: Liu Shujun , Xie Yuanyuan , Song Ximing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe detection and identification of cigarette ash in fire debris can be meaningful in fire investigations caused by burning cigarettes. In this work, a novel analytical method based on negative chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (NCI/TOFMS) combined with a phosphoric-acid-enhanced evaporation strategy has been developed for the discrimination of cigarette ash samples (CAs) and common household decoration material ash samples (CHDMAs). A series of characteristic ions representing the acidified products HNCO and formic acid in the CAs were achieved, whose signal responses were enhanced with the help of mechanical agitation operation. To account for both the signal responses of the characteristic ions and acid corrosion of the ion source, the dynamic-purge gas was chosen to be 200 mL/min. The whole time for analysis was only 5 min, which is suitable for high-throughput measurements of large quantities of fire debris. As a result, a preliminary discrimination was achieved between the CAs and CHDMAs by virtue of the chemometric tool of principal components analysis (PCA) based on intensity differences of the characteristic ions. The results are encouraging and highlight the potential of NCI/TOFMS without complicated sample preparation steps for the accurate and high-throughput identification of cigarette ash on substrates in fire debris.
Lifestyle mediates the role of nutrient-sensing pathways in cognitive aging: cellular and epidemiological evidence
Authors: de Lucia Chiara , Murphy Tytus , Steves Claire J. , Dobson Richard J. B. , Proitsi Petroula , Thuret Sandrine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAging induces cellular and molecular changes including modification of stem cell pools. In particular, alterations in aging neural stem cells (NSCs) are linked to age-related cognitive decline which can be modulated by lifestyle. Nutrient-sensing pathways provide a molecular basis for the link between lifestyle and cognitive decline. Adopting a back-translation strategy using stem cell biology to inform epidemiological analyses, here we show associations between cellular readouts of NSC maintenance and expression levels of nutrient-sensing genes following NSC exposure to aging human serum as well as morphological and gene expression alterations following repeated passaging. Epidemiological analyses on the identified genes showed associations between polymorphisms in SIRT1 and ABTB1 and cognitive performance as well as interactions between SIRT1 genotype and physical activity and between GRB10 genotype and adherence to a Mediterranean diet. Our study contributes to the understanding of neural stem cell molecular mechanisms underlying human cognitive aging and hints at lifestyle modifiable factors.
Pan-cancer molecular analysis of the RB tumor suppressor pathway
Authors: Knudsen Erik S. , Nambiar Ram , Rosario Spencer R. , Smiraglia Dominic J. , Goodrich David W. , Witkiewicz Agnieszka K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene (RB1) plays a critical role in coordinating multiple pathways that impact cancer initiation, disease progression, and therapeutic responses. Here we probed molecular features associated with the RB-pathway across 31 tumor-types. While the RB-pathway has been purported to exhibit multiple mutually exclusive genetic events, only RB1 alteration is mutually exclusive with deregulation of CDK4/6 activity. An ER+ breast cancer model with targeted RB1 deletion was used to identify signatures of CDK4/6 activity and RB-dependency (CDK4/6-RB integrated signature). This signature was prognostic in tumor-types with gene expression features indicative of slower growth. Single copy loss on chromosome 13q encompassing the RB1 locus is prevalent in many cancers, yielding reduced expression of multiple genes in cis, and is inversely related to the CDK4/6-RB integrated signature supporting a cause-effect relationship. Genes that are positively and inversely correlated with the CDK4/6-RB integrated signature define new tumor-specific pathways associated with RB-pathway activity.
Single-cell analysis of a mutant library generated using CRISPR-guided deaminase in human melanoma cells
Authors: Jun Soyeong , Lim Hyeonseob , Chun Honggu , Lee Ji Hyun , Bang Duhee 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCRISPR-based screening methods using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology enable comprehensive profiling of gene perturbations from knock-out mutations. However, evaluating substitution mutations using scRNA-seq is currently limited. We combined CRISPR RNA-guided deaminase and scRNA-seq technology to develop a platform for introducing mutations in multiple genes and assessing the mutation-associated signatures. Using this platform, we generated a library consisting of 420 sgRNAs, performed sgRNA tracking analysis, and assessed the effect size of the response to vemurafenib in the human melanoma cell line, which has been well-studied via knockout-based drop-out screens. However, a substitution mutation library screen has not been applied and transcriptional information for mechanisms of action was not assessed. Our platform permits discrimination of several candidate mutations that function differently from other mutations by integrating sgRNA candidates and gene expression readout. We anticipate that our platform will enable high-throughput analyses of the mechanisms related to a variety of biological events.
Nonreciprocal Landau–Zener tunneling
Authors: Kitamura Sota , Nagaosa Naoto , Morimoto Takahiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractApplication of strong dc electric field to an insulator leads to quantum tunneling of electrons from the valence band to the conduction band, which is a famous nonlinear response known as Landau-Zener tunneling. One of the growing interests in recent studies of nonlinear responses is nonreciprocal phenomena where transport toward the left and the right differs. Here, we theoretically study Landau-Zener tunneling in noncentrosymmetric systems, i.e., the crystals without spatial inversion symmetry. A generalized Landau-Zener formula is derived, taking into account the geometric nature of the wavefunctions. The obtained formula shows that nonreciprocal tunneling probability originates from the difference in the Berry connections of the Bloch wavefunctions across the band gap, i.e., shift vector. We also discuss application of our formula to tunneling in a one-dimensional model of a ferroelectrics.
Moving flux quanta cool superconductors by a microwave breath
Authors: Dobrovolskiy O. V. , González-Ruano C. , Lara A. , Sachser R. , Bevz V. M. , Shklovskij V. A. , Bezuglyj A. I. , Vovk R. V. , Huth M. , Aliev F. G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlmost any use of a superconductor implies a non-equilibrium state. Remarkably, while a sufficiently high-power electromagnetic field of GHz frequency can stimulate superconductivity, fast motion of magnetic flux quanta (Abrikosov vortices) can trigger an instability abruptly quenching the superconducting state. Here, we show that such dynamical quenching of the vortex state in Nb thin films can be advanced or delayed by tuning the power and frequency of the microwave ac stimulus added to a dc bias current. The experimental findings are supported by time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau simulations and they can be explained, qualitatively, based on a model of “breathing mobile hot spots”, implying a competition of heating and cooling of quasiparticles along the trajectories of moving fluxons whose core sizes vary in time. In addition, we demonstrate universality of the stimulation effect on the thermodynamic and transport properties of type II superconductors.
Identification of epigenetic factor KAT2B gene variants for possible roles in congenital heart diseases
Authors: Hou Yong-Sheng , Wang Jing-Zhi , Shi Shuai , Han Ying , Zhang Yue , Zhi Ji-Xin , Xu Chao , Li Fei-Feng , Wang Gui-Yu , Liu Shu-Lin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a group of anatomic malformations in the heart with high morbidity and mortality. The mammalian heart is a complex organ, the formation and development of which are strictly regulated and controlled by gene regulatory networks of many signaling pathways such as TGF-β. KAT2B is an important histone acetyltransferase epigenetic factor in the TGF-β signaling pathway, and alteration in the gene is associated with the etiology of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this work was to validate whether KAT2B variations might be associated with CHD. We sequenced the KAT2B gene for 400 Chinese Han CHD patients and evaluated SNPs rs3021408 and rs17006625. The statistical analyses and Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium tests of the CHD and control populations were conducted by the software SPSS (version 19.0) and PLINK. The experiment-wide significance threshold matrix of LD correlation for the markers and haplotype diagram of LD structure were calculated using the online software SNPSpD and Haploview software. We analyzed the heterozygous variants within the CDS region of the KAT2B genes and found that rs3021408 and rs17006625 were associated with the risk of CHD.
Non-coding RNAs in neuropathic pain
Authors: Kalpachidou Theodora , Kummer Kai K. , Kress Michaela 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Neuro-immune alterations in the peripheral and central nervous system play a role in the pathophysiology of chronic pain in general, and members of the non-coding RNA (ncRNA) family, specifically the short, 22 nucleotide microRNAs (miRNAs) and the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as master switches orchestrating both immune as well as neuronal processes. Several chronic disorders reveal unique ncRNA expression signatures, which recently generated big hopes for new perspectives for the development of diagnostic applications. lncRNAs may offer perspectives as candidates indicative of neuropathic pain in liquid biopsies. Numerous studies have provided novel mechanistic insight into the role of miRNAs in the molecular sequelae involved in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain along the entire pain pathway. Specific processes within neurons, immune cells, and glia as the cellular components of the neuropathic pain triad and the communication paths between them are controlled by specific miRNAs. Therefore, nucleotide sequences mimicking or antagonizing miRNA actions can provide novel therapeutic strategies for pain treatment, provided their human homologues serve the same or similar functions. Increasing evidence also sheds light on the function of lncRNAs, which converge so far mainly on purinergic signalling pathways both in neurons and glia, and possibly even other ncRNA species that have not been explored so far.
Single‐valued neutrosophic relations and their application to factors affecting oil prices
Authors: Chaw Yenling , Abdullah Lazim , Othman Mahmod 
Published: April 2020

The recent boom of economic activities has escalated the demand for oil that eventually will affect its prices. However, oil prices are difficult to predict because most of the factors affecting oil prices are vague and intangible. The challenges in predicting oil prices urgently require a novel approach where issues related to multiple‐factors, uncertainty, and periodicity can be addressed. The authors propose the single‐valued neutrosophic relations based decision‐making method inspired by the three memberships of neutrosophic sets, and amplitude and periodicity of complex numbers. The proposed method is applied to the case of oil prices where six factors affecting oil prices and six benchmarks measuring oil prices are employed. This new method combines with complex neutrosophic numbers and algebraic relations, and can suggest the most influential factor that affects oil prices. Considering the periodicity of 24 months, computation results verify the ‘global economic rate’ as the most influential factor that affects the prices of oil. The main contribution of this study is the development of a neutrosophic relations‐based decision‐making method to suggest the most influential factor that affects oil prices. The result provides evidence on the feasibility of the proposed method in suggesting the influential factors that affect oil prices.
Stellar laboratories
Authors: Rauch T. , Gamrath S. , Quinet P. , Demleitner M. , Knörzer M. , Werner K. , Kruk J. W. 
Published: April 2020

Context.Accurate atomic data is an essential ingredient for the calculation of reliable non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) model atmospheres that are mandatory for the spectral analysis of hot stars.Aims.We aim to search for and identify for the first time spectral lines of copper (atomic numberZ= 29) and indium (Z= 49) in hot white dwarf (WD) stars and to subsequently determine their photospheric abundances.Methods.Oscillator strengths of Cu IV–VIIwere calculated to include radiative and collisional bound-bound transitions of Cu in our NLTE model-atmosphere calculations. Oscillator strengths of In IV - VIwere compiled from the literature.Results.We newly identified 1 Cu IV, 51 Cu V, 2 Cu VI, and 5 In Vlines in the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum of DO-type WD RE 0503−289. We determined the photospheric abundances of 9.3 × 10−5(mass fraction, 132 times solar) and 3.0 × 10−5(56 600 times solar), respectively; we also found Cu overabundances in the DA-type WD G191−B2B (6.3 × 10−6, 9 times solar).Conclusions.All identified Cu IV-VIlines in the UV spectrum of RE 0503−289 were simultaneously well reproduced with our newly calculated oscillator strengths. With the detection of Cu and In in RE 0503−289, the total number of trans-iron elements (Z> 28) in this extraordinary WD reaches an unprecedented number of 18.
Elektive endovaskuläre versus operative Therapie des Bauchaortenaneurysmas – aktuelle Langzeitdaten
Authors: Honig Susanne , Kölbel Tilo , Panuccio Giuseppe , Wipper Sabine , Debus Eike Sebastian 
Published: April 2020

Was ist neu?
Aktuelle Studien 4 klinische Studien haben die endovaskuläre Versorgung (endovascular aneurysm bzw. aortic repair, EVAR) und die offen chirurgische Therapie (open repair, OR) des Bauchaortenaneurysmas (BAA) randomisiert prospektiv verglichen: Chronologisch sind dies EVAR 1 (UK), DREAM (Niederlande), OVER (USA) und ACE (Frankreich). Alle 4 Studien sind der Frage nachgegangen, ob die frühe postoperative Überlegenheit der endovaskulären Versorgung im Langzeitverlauf aufrechterhalten bleibt 1
2
3
4
5.Aktuelle Untersuchungen zur prophylaktischen Netzanlage nach offener BAA-Versorgung belegen, dass die Narbenhernie als wesentliche Langzeitkomplikation nach transabdomineller Aortenrekonstruktion sicher vermieden werden kann 6.
Leitlinienempfehlungen Seit 2018 wurden international 3 große Leitlinien zum abdominellen Aortenaneurysma publiziert 7
8
9, darunter erstmals die deutsche S3-Leitlinie zu Screening, Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge des BAA 9.
Langzeitdaten Auf Grundlage der EVAR-1-Studie wurden 2016 die bis dato längsten Follow-up-Daten zum Vergleich von OR und EVAR veröffentlicht, welche die frühe postoperative Überlegenheit von EVAR infrage stellen. Die mittlere Personenjahre-Beobachtung (entweder bis Tod oder Ende der Studie) betrug 8 Jahre 10.Die offene Therapie des BAA bekommt in diesem Kontext einen neuen Stellenwert und die Indikation zur endovaskulären Therapie sollte mit Hinblick auf den Langzeitverlauf kritisch gestellt werden. Die Indikationsstellung zur invasiven Therapie hat sich nicht verändert und sollte bei Männern – von Ausnahmen abgesehen – erst ab einem Durchmesser von 5,5 cm erfolgen.
Gallengangs- und Gallenblasenkarzinome: auf dem Weg zur personalisierten Therapie
Authors: Sinn Marianne , Wege Henning , Stein Alexander 
Published: April 2020

Was ist neu?
Nomenklatur: Überbegriff maligne biliäre Tumoren Unter dem Begriff maligne biliäre Tumoren (engl. biliary tract cancer) werden weiterhin Karzinome der intra- und extrahepatischen Gallengänge und der Gallenblase zusammengefasst, deren auch molekularpathologische Unterschiede immer besser verstanden werden. Als klinisch relevante Veränderungen wurden neben einer Mikrosatelliteninstabilität bisher IDH-1- und BRAF-Mutationen, FGFR-Alterationen sowie eine HER2-Überexpression identifiziert. Eine Vorstellung der betroffenen Patienten in einem molekularen Tumorboard ist zu empfehlen, um potenzielle zielgerichtete Therapieoptionen sowie ggf. eine Studienteilnahme zu evaluieren.
Aktuelle Therapiestandards Patienten nach einer kurativ intendierten Resektion sollte eine adjuvante Chemotherapie mit Capecitabin über 6 Monate angeboten werden. Die Kombination aus Gemcitabin und Cisplatin bleibt etablierter Standard in der palliativen Erstlinientherapie. Patienten in einem guten Allgemeinzustand kann aufgrund der positiven Ergebnisse der randomisierten ABC-06-Studie eine Zweitlinientherapie empfohlen werden.
Personalisierte Therapie Mehr als 50 % aller Patienten mit malignen biliären Tumoren weisen therapierbare genetische Alterationen auf. Erste prospektive Daten belegen den Nutzen einer zielgerichteten Therapie bei diesen Patienten. Deswegen sollte möglichst allen Patienten, die eine palliative Systemtherapie benötigen, frühzeitig ein molekulares Profiling angeboten werden.
Aphasie nach ischämischem Hirninfarkt im links anterioren Thalamus
Authors: Obrig Hellmuth , Krause Thomas , Villringer Kersten , Klostermann Fabian , Nolte Christian H. , Fritsch Merve 
Published: April 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAphasie ist ein typisches Symptom links fronto-temporaler Läsionen. Nicht selten werden aphasische Symptome jedoch auch nach subkortikalen Läsionen z. B. im Thalamus beschrieben. Als Ursache für aphasische Symptome bei Thalamusschädigungen vermutet man die Störung eines thalamo-kortikalen Sprachnetzwerkes. Die Rolle des Thalamus in Sprachfunktionen wird in einer Rekrutierung sprachrelevanter, kortikaler Areale im Sinne einer Monitorfunktion vermutet. Wir berichten über einen 72-jährigen Patienten, der nach einem isolierten, links-anterioren Thalamusinfarkt eine expressiv betonte Aphasie gezeigt hat, und geben einen Überblick zu pathophysiologischen Konzepten.