bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The feasibility and acceptability of research magnetic resonance imaging in adolescents with moderate–severe neuropathic pain
Authors: Verriotis Madeleine , Moayedi Massieh , Sorger Clarissa , Peters Judy , Seunarine Kiran , Clark Christopher A. , Walker Suellen M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Multimodal characterisation with questionnaires, Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST), and neuroimaging will improve understanding of neuropathic pain (NeuP) in adolescents. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in adolescents with NeuP are limited, and the perceived practical or ethical burden of scanning may represent a barrier to research.

Objective:
To determine the feasibility of MRI scanning in adolescents with moderate–severe NeuP, with respect to consent rate, postscan acceptability, and data quality.

Methods:
This prospective cohort study evaluating questionnaires and QST recruited adolescents aged 10 to 18 years with clinically diagnosed NeuP from a tertiary clinic. Eligible adolescents aged 11 years and older could additionally agree/decline an MRI scan. After the scan, families rated discomfort, perceived risk, and acceptability of current and future MRI scans (0–10 numerical rating scales). Head motion during scanning was compared with healthy controls to assess data quality.

Results:
Thirty-four families agreed to MRI (72% recruitment), and 21 adolescents with moderate–severe pain (average last week 6.7 ± 1.7; mean ± SD) and with neuropathic QST profiles were scanned. Three adolescents reported positional or noise-related discomfort during scanning. Perceived risk was low, and acceptability of the current scan was high for parents (range [median]: 7 to 10/10 [10]) and adolescents (8–10/10 [10]). Willingness to undergo a future research scan was high for parents (7–10/10 [10]) and adolescents (5–10/10 [10]) and did not differ from future scans for clinical purposes. Mean head motion during resting state functional MRI did not differ from control adolescents.

Conclusion:
Research MRI is feasible and acceptable for many adolescents with moderate–severe NeuP.
Brief Report: Virologic Response by Baseline Viral Load With Dolutegravir Plus Lamivudine vs Dolutegravir Plus Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine: Pooled Analysis
Authors: Eron Joseph , Hung Chien-Ching , Baril Jean-Guy , Slim Jihad , Falcó Vicenç , Bogner Johannes , Maggiolo Franco , Mills Anthony , Sievers Jörg , Man Choy Y. , Urbaityte Rimgaile , Underwood Mark , Tenorio Allan R. , Pappa Keith A. , Wynne Brian , Koteff Justin , Gartland Martin , Smith Kimberly Y. , Aboud Michael 
Published: January 2020

Background:
To investigate antiviral potency of the 2-drug regimen (2DR) dolutegravir plus lamivudine vs the 3-drug regimen (3DR) dolutegravir plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine, we performed a post-hoc analysis assessing antiviral response rates in the phase III GEMINI-1 and GEMINI-2 studies by baseline viral load (VL).

Setting:
One hundred ninety-two centers in 21 countries.

Methods:
Treatment-naive HIV-1–infected participants with screening VL ≤500,000 copies/mL were randomized 1:1 to once-daily dolutegravir plus lamivudine or dolutegravir plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine. Median change from baseline was determined for log10-transformed VL in the overall study population and the subpopulation with baseline VL >100,000 copies/mL. Proportion of participants achieving plasma VL <50 copies/mL (Snapshot algorithm) or <40 copies/mL (Abbott RealTime HIV-1 assay) and target not detected was assessed through week 48 by baseline VL. Time to viral suppression was determined (nonparametric Kaplan–Meier method).

Results:
For 293 participants with baseline VL >100,000 copies/mL, median change from baseline at week 4 was −3.38 and −3.40 log10 copies/mL in the 2DR and 3DR groups, respectively; reduction was sustained throughout 48 weeks. Time to VL <50 copies/mL was longer in participants with baseline VL >100,000 copies/mL than the overall study population (57 [week 8] vs 29 days [week 4]) and similar between the 2DR and 3DR groups. Proportion of participants with VL <50 or <40 copies/mL and target not detected was similar between groups, irrespective of baseline VL, at all tested visits throughout 48 weeks.

Conclusion:
Dolutegravir plus lamivudine demonstrates high antiviral potency in treatment-naive HIV-1–infected individuals across baseline VL strata.
A Family With A20 Haploinsufficiency Presenting With Novel Clinical Manifestations and Challenges for Treatment
Authors: Hautala Timo , Vähäsalo Paula , Kuismin Outi , Keskitalo Salla , Rajamäki Kristiina , Väänänen Antti , Simojoki Marja , Säily Marjaana , Pelkonen Ilpo , Tokola Heikki , Mäkinen Markus , Kaarteenaho Riitta , Jartti Airi , Hautala Nina , Kantola Saara , Jackson Päivi , Glumoff Virpi , Saarela Janna , Varjosalo Markku , Eklund Kari K. , Seppänen Mikko R. J. 
Published: January 2020

Background
Tumor necrosis factor α–induced protein 3 gene (TNFAIP3, also called A20) haploinsufficiency (HA20) leads to autoinflammation and autoimmunity. We have recently shown that a p.(Lys91*) mutation in A20 disrupts nuclear factor κB signaling, impairs protein-protein interactions of A20, and leads to inflammasome activation.

Methods
We now describe the clinical presentations and drug responses in a family with HA20 p.(Lys91*) mutation, consistent with our previously reported diverse immunological and functional findings.

Results
We report for the first time that inflammasome-mediated autoinflammatory lung reaction caused by HA20 can be treated with interleukin 1 antagonist anakinra. We also describe severe anemia related to HA20 successfully treated with mycophenolate. In addition, HA20 p.(Lys91*) was found to associate with autoimmune thyroid disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, psoriasis, liver disease, and immunodeficiency presenting with specific antibody deficiency and genital papillomatosis.

Conclusions
We conclude that HA20 may lead to combination of inflammation, immunodeficiency, and autoimmunity. The condition may present with variable and unpredictable symptoms with atypical treatment responses.
Deep-Learning Generated Synthetic Double Inversion Recovery Images Improve Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Detection
Authors: Finck Tom , Li Hongwei , Grundl Lioba , Eichinger Paul , Bussas Matthias , Mühlau Mark , Menze Bjoern , Wiestler Benedikt 
Published: January 2020

Objectives
The aim of the study was to implement a deep-learning tool to produce synthetic double inversion recovery (synthDIR) images and compare their diagnostic performance to conventional sequences in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Materials and Methods
For this retrospective analysis, 100 MS patients (65 female, 37 [22–68] years) were randomly selected from a prospective observational cohort between 2014 and 2016. In a subset of 50 patients, an artificial neural network (DiamondGAN) was trained to generate a synthetic DIR (synthDIR) from standard acquisitions (T1, T2, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery [FLAIR]). With the resulting network, synthDIR was generated for the remaining 50 subjects. These images as well as conventionally acquired DIR (trueDIR) and FLAIR images were assessed for MS lesions by 2 independent readers, blinded to the source of the DIR image. Lesion counts in the different modalities were compared using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and interrater analysis was performed. Contrast-to-noise ratios were compared for objective image quality.

Results
Utilization of synthDIR allowed to detect significantly more lesions compared with the use of FLAIR images (31.4 ± 20.7 vs 22.8 ± 12.7, P < 0.001). This improvement was mainly attributable to an improved depiction of juxtacortical lesions (12.3 ± 10.8 vs 7.2 ± 5.6, P < 0.001). Interrater reliability was excellent in FLAIR 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85–0.95), synthDIR 0.93 (95% CI, 0.87–0.96), and trueDIR 0.95 (95% CI, 0.85–0.98).
Contrast-to-noise ratio in synthDIR exceeded that of FLAIR (22.0 ± 6.4 vs 16.7 ± 3.6, P = 0.009); no significant difference was seen in comparison to trueDIR (22.0 ± 6.4 vs 22.4 ± 7.9, P = 0.87).

Conclusions
Computationally generated DIR images improve lesion depiction compared with the use of standard modalities. This method demonstrates how artificial intelligence can help improving imaging in specific pathologies.
A Case of Primary Localized Small Bowel Amyloidosis Studied by 18F-Choline and Contrast-Enhanced 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Minordi Laura Maria , Caldarella Carmelo , Ripani Daria , Calandriello Lucio , Manfredi Riccardo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Amyloidosis is a rare hereditary or acquired protein deposition disorder with different etiologies, characterized by pathological protein deposition essentially in nearly any organs or tissues. There are 2 major forms: primary and secondary amyloidosis. Moreover, it is possible to have systemic or localized disease. The localized form of amyloidosis affecting the small intestine is rare, and it is characterized by the formation of precursor proteins at the site of the lesion. We report a case of localized small bowel amyloidosis studied by 18F-choline and 18F-FDG–iodinated PET/CT performed for staging an aggressive prostatic cancer.
Pseudomyogenic Hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Liu Yiyan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma is a rare vascular tumor described as a fibroma-like variant of epithelioid sarcoma. There were scant publications about FDG PET/CT findings of pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma. A 20-year-old man with biopsy-confirmed pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma of the left tibia had FDG PET/CT for evaluation of the lesion extent and metastasis, which demonstrated numerous, multilayer FDG-avid lesions of the left lower extremity below the knee. Although pathologic examination is mandatory for diagnosis, FDG PET/CT of the case showed distinctive image finding of pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma: multifocal and multilayer lesions in a single distal lower extremity.
Nodular Fat-Sparing Hepatic Parenchyma as 11C-Choline–Avid Finding on PET/CT
Authors: Nguyen Ba Duong , Heller Matthew T. , Roarke Michael C. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Focal nodular fat sparing of the liver may show, on PET/CT imaging, prominent tracer uptake over a background of less metabolic features of steatosis. This finding, already reported with 18F-FDG, may mimic primary or secondary neoplasms of the liver. The authors present an additional case of nodular fat-sparing hepatic parenchyma exhibiting 11C-choline avidity during PET/CT assessment for biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.
99mTc Tamoxifen for Imaging Estrogen Receptor Expression in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patient
Authors: Chhabra Anupriya , Shukla Jaya , Kumar Rajender , Laroiya Ishita , Vatsa Rakhee , Bal Amanjit , Singh Gurpreet , Mittal Bhagwant Rai 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Estrogen receptor–expressing breast cancer exhibits better prognosis due to responsiveness to antiestrogen treatment. Therefore, knowledge of the estrogen receptor status of a tumor is an important prognostic and predictive indicator in breast cancer. We present noninvasive imaging of estrogen receptors with 99mTc tamoxifen that can identify the active tumor and approachable sites for biopsy. It may help in selection of patients for hormone replacement therapy and in assessment of receptor status in recurrent disease and also in response evaluation.
Successful Intra-arterial Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy of DOTATOC-Negative High-Grade Liver Metastases of a Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm Using 177Lu-DOTA-LM3
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Kulkarni Harshad R. , Singh Aviral , Baum Richard P. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Radiolabeled somatostatin receptor (SSTR) antagonists have shown promise for imaging neuroendocrine neoplasms and the superiority to SSTR agonists, with lower liver background especially for the sensitive detection of liver metastases, higher tumor-to-background ratio, and favorable pharmacokinetics. The clinical data of radiolabeled SSTR antagonists for therapy are still limited. We report our experience treating a young patient with DOTATOC-negative high-grade liver metastases of a pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm who underwent intra-arterial peptide receptor radionuclide therapy using SSTR antagonist 177Lu-DOTA-LM3, demonstrating an excellent response, nearly complete remission according to molecular imaging criteria and morphological partial remission, without any significant toxicity.
68Ga–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Uptake in Cerebral Tuberculosis
Authors: Wong Veronica Chi Ken , Shen Lily , Nasser Elias , Adams David Nicholas , Mansberg Robert 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A 71-year-old man with a history of high-risk prostate adenocarcinoma (Gleason score 4 + 5 = 9) treated with brachytherapy in 2016 was referred for a 68Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)–HBED–CC PET/CT scan for suspected cancer recurrence on a background of slowly rising serum prostate-specific antigen (0.95 ng/mL; reference, <0.2 ng/mL). This revealed PSMA-avid dura-based hyperdense lesions in the brain, suggestive of cerebral metastases. Biopsy demonstrated the presence of acid-fast bacilli, and with further clinical and microbiological testing, a diagnosis of PSMA-avid cerebral tuberculous mycobacterium infection was made.
Limited Usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Predicting Tumor Regression After Preoperative Chemotherapy for Noncardia Gastric Cancer
Authors: Morgagni Paolo , Bencivenga Maria , Colciago Eleonora , Tringali Domenico , Giacopuzzi Simone , Framarini Massimo , Saragoni Luca , Mura Gianni , Graziosi Luigina , Marino Elisabetta , Fumagalli Romario Uberto , Baiocchi Gianluca , Moretti Andrea , Rossi Vania , Verlato Giuseppe 
Published: January 2020

Background
The present study aimed to better define the usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT in predicting pathological tumor response (PTR) and survival in patients with noncardia gastric cancer treated with preoperative chemotherapy.

Methods
Seventy-one patients were recruited in 6 Italian centers. The SUV of 18F-FDG PET/CT was measured at baseline and after treatment, and the difference (dSUV) was computed. The association between PET indexes and PTR, assessed by the Becker score, was evaluated by nonparametric regression. The discriminant power of PET indexes with respect to the absence of PTR (Becker 2/3) was studied by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and synthesized by the area under the curve (ROC-AUC).

Results
dSUV allowed to partially discriminate between absence/presence of PTR, when expressed as either absolute value (ROC-AUC, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.59–0.87) or percentage (ROC-AUC, 0.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.59–0.89). However, only extreme values of percent dSUV were really informative. All 7 patients whose 18F-FDG uptake had increased despite preoperative treatment showed no tumor regression at pathologic examination. Seven of the 10 patients whose metabolic response had been 70% or greater had complete or nearly complete pathologic tumor regression (Becker score 1a or 1b). The metabolic response of the remaining 54 patients, which ranged between 0% and 70%, did not permit to reliably forecast pathologic tumor regression. Survival significantly decreased with increasing Becker score but was unaffected by metabolic response.

Conclusions
The present study suggests that 18F-FDG PET/CT has limited usefulness in predicting cancer regression. The lack of metabolic response in serial measurements indicates the probable ineffectiveness of preoperative treatment.
Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy Using 225Ac-DOTATOC Achieves Partial Remission in a Patient With Progressive Neuroendocrine Liver Metastases After Repeated β-Emitter Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Kulkarni Harshad R. , Baum Richard P. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We present here a case with β-radiation–refractory metastatic neuroendocrine tumors, who demonstrated an excellent therapy response after 1 cycle of 225Ac-DOTATOC, without any significant adverse effects even after 10 cycles of β-emitter peptide receptor radionuclide therapy followed by α-peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.
Posttreated POEMS Syndrome With Concurrent Follicular Lymphoma Revealed by 18F-FDG and 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT
Authors: Pan Qingqing , Luo Yaping , Cao Xinxin , Li Jian , Li Fang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A 59-year-old man with history of POEMS syndrome was found with a painless mass in the right neck for 9 months. In 18F-FDG and 68Ga-pentixafor PET/CT, there were multiple neck nodes and left inguinal nodes that showed intense 18F-FDG and 68Ga-pentixafor uptake. In addition, osteoblastic bone lesions with mild 18F-FDG and 68Ga-pentixafor uptake were noted in the pelvis, which was consistent with posttreated osseous involvement of POEMS syndrome. However, considering lymphoadenopathy with such intense 18F-FDG uptake is not usually seen in POEMS syndrome, the patient underwent biopsy of the right cervical nodes. The histopathology with immunohistochemistry confirmed follicular lymphoma.
Increased FDG Uptake on Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor in the Left Kidney Mimicking Malignancy
Authors: Jiang Yuanyuan , Hou Guozhu , Zhu Zhaohui , Zang Jinfeng , Cheng Wuying 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Juxtaglomerular cell tumor is a rare and benign tumor arising from the juxtaglomerular apparatus that overproduces renin, resulting in secondary hypertension. A 29-year-old woman was incidentally found to have a left renal mass by ultrasonography in a routine health examination. Contrast-enhanced CT results suggested renal cell carcinoma. FDG PET/CT performed for metastatic workup showed increased FDG uptake to the left renal mass and did not reveal any other abnormal FDG-avid lesions. The renal mass was surgically resected and pathological examination confirmed the juxtaglomerular cell tumor of the left kidney.
Which Is the Optimal Scan Time of 18F-DOPA PET/CT in Patients With Recurrent Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma?
Authors: Taralli Silvia , Lorusso Margherita , Capotosti Amedeo , Lanni Valerio , Indovina Luca , Rufini Vittoria 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The aim of this retrospective study was to determine, by dynamic acquisition, the optimal scan time of 18F-DOPA PET/CT in patients with recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).

Methods
Twenty-one patients with suspected recurrent MTC underwent dynamic 18F-DOPA PET/CT (lasting 45 minutes) followed by whole-body scan. Three different time intervals of dynamic acquisition were evaluated: ultra-early phase (2–5 minutes), early phase (5–10 minutes), and late phase (40–45 minutes). The number and SUVmax of all detected lesions among the 3 dynamic acquisition phases were compared on qualitative and semiquantitative analyses. Time-activity curves, SUVmax washout rate between ultra-early or early phase and late phase, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) between lesion and background activity were also calculated.

Results
At dynamic acquisition, 15 of 21 patients were classified as PET-positive and 6 of 21 as PET-negative, with overall 21 detected lesions. Ultra-early and early imaging provided a better lesion visualization than late phase in more than 70% of cases, as also reflected by SNR (mean SNR reduction between 2 and 45 minutes, −45% ± 19%). Time-activity curves showed a rapid tracer accumulation in MTC lesions, with an average maximum uptake at 2 minutes after injection. Mean lesion SUVmax was 2-fold higher in ultra-early frames compared with last frames (mean washout rate, −44% ± 33%). Finally, compared with whole-body imaging in the same field of view, dynamic acquisition identified 1 additional positive patient and 3 additional lesions in 2 patients.

Conclusions
Our study, showing a very fast 18F-DOPA uptake in MTC lesions, suggests the utility to obtain early PET/CT images, already at 2 to 5 minutes after tracer injection, when maximum lesion tracer uptake is reached.
Tumor SUVs on 18F-FDG PET/CT and Aggressive Pathological Features in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lim Chae Hong , Park Yong-Jin , Shin Muheon , Cho Young Seok , Choi Joon Young , Lee Kyung-Han , Hyun Seung Hyup 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
Considerable discrepancies are observed between clinical staging and pathological staging after surgical resection in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, we examined the relationships between tumor SUVs on FDG PET/CT and aggressive pathological features in resected ESCC patients.

Methods
A total of 220 patients with surgically resected clinical stage I–II ESCC without neoadjuvant treatment were retrospectively analyzed. SUVmax of the primary tumor was measured on pretreatment FDG PET/CT. Pathological features included depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation, lymphatic vessel tumor embolus, perineural invasion, Ki-67 index, and p53 protein expression. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine an optimal cutoff of SUVmax to predict pathologically advanced disease. Differences in pathological features associated with SUVmax were examined by t test or χ2 test.

Results
The number of patients upstaged from clinical stage I–II to pathological stage III–IV was 43 (19.5%). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the optimal cutoff SUVmax of 4.0 had good performance for predicting locally advanced disease (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.844, P < 0.001). Higher tumor SUVmax was significantly associated with advanced depth of tumor invasion (deeper than submucosa, P < 0.001), positive lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), presence of lymphatic vessel tumor embolus (P < 0.001), presence of perineural invasion (P < 0.001), higher Ki-67 index (P = 0.025), and poor tumor differentiation (P = 0.039).

Conclusions
SUVmax measured on pretreatment FDG PET/CT is significantly associated with aggressive pathological features and may help clinicians identify patients at risk of advanced disease.