bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who should we test for COVID-19? A triage model built from national symptom surveys
Authors: Shoer Saar , Karady Tal , Keshet Ayya , Shilo Smadar , Rossman Hagai , Gavrieli Amir , Meir Tomer , Lavon Amit , Kolobkov Dmitry , Kalka Iris , Godneva Anastasia , Cohen Ori , Kariv Adam , Hoch Ori , Zer-Aviv Mushon , Castel Noam , Sudre Caroel , Zohar Anat Ekka , Irony Angela , Spector Tim , Geiger Benjamin , Hizi Dorit , Shalev Varda , Balicer Ran , Segal Eran 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis is detection of viral RNA in a reverse transcription PCR test. Due to global limitations in testing capacity, effective prioritization of individuals for testing is essential. Here, we devised a model that estimates the probability of an individual to test positive for COVID-19 based on answers to 9 simple questions regarding age, gender, presence of prior medical conditions, general feeling, and the symptoms fever, cough, shortness of breath, sore throat and loss of taste or smell, all of which have been associated with COVID-19 infection. Our model was devised from a subsample of a national symptom survey that was answered over 2 million times in Israel over the past 2 months and a targeted survey distributed to all residents of several cities in Israel. Overall, 43,752 adults were included, from which 498 self-reported as being COVID-19 positive. We successfully validated the model on held-out individuals from Israel where it achieved a positive predictive value (PPV) of 46.3% at a 10% sensitivity and demonstrated its applicability outside of Israel by further validating it on an independently collected symptom survey dataset from the U.K., U.S. and Sweden, where it achieved a PPV of 34.7% at 10% sensitivity. Moreover, evaluating the model’s performance on this latter independent dataset on entries collected one week prior to the PCR test and up to the day of the test we found the highest performance on the day of the test. As our tool can be used online and without the need of exposure to suspected patients, it may have worldwide utility in combating COVID-19 by better directing the limited testing resources through prioritization of individuals for testing, thereby increasing the rate at which positive individuals can be identified and isolated.
Development of diagnostic PCR and LAMP markers forMALE STERILITY 1(MS1) inCryptomeria japonicaD. Don
Authors: Hasegawa Yoichi , Ueno Saneyoshi , Wei Fu-Jin , Matsumoto Asako , Ujino-Ihara Tokuko , Uchiyama Kentaro , Moriguchi Yoshinari , Kasahara Masahiro , Fujino Takeshi , Shigenobu Shuji , Yamaguchi Katsushi , Bino Takahiro , Hakamata Tetsuji 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveDue to the allergic nature of the pollen ofCryptomeria japonica, the most important Japanese forestry conifer, a pollen-free cultivar is preferred. Mutant trees detected in nature have been used for the production of a pollen-free cultivar. In order to reduce the time and cost needed for the production and breeding, we aimed to develop simple diagnostic molecular markers for mutant alleles of the causative geneMALE STERILITY 1(MS1) inC. japonica. The expected function of this gene, its two dysfunctional mutations, and genetic diversity were described recently in a related study.ResultsWe have developed PCR and LAMP markers to detect mutant alleles and to present experimental options depending on available laboratory equipment. At field stations, where PCR machines are not available, LAMP markers were developed. LAMP only needs heat-blocks or a water bath to perform the isothermal amplification and assay results can be easily seen by eye. Because the causative mutations were deletions, two kinds of PCR markers, amplified length polymorphism (ALP) and allele specific PCR (ASP) markers, were developed. These assays can be carried out by capillary or agarose gel electrophoresis.
Ultra-high resolution fMRI reveals origins of feedforward and feedback activity within laminae of human ocular dominance columns
Authors: de Hollander Gilles , van der Zwaag Wietske , Qian Chencan , Zhang Peng , Knapen Tomas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUltra-high field MRI can functionally image the cerebral cortex of human subjects at the submillimeter scale of cortical columns and laminae. Here, we investigate both in concert, by, for the first time, imaging ocular dominance columns (ODCs) in primary visual cortex (V1) across different cortical depths. We ensured that putative ODC patterns in V1 (a) are stable across runs, sessions, and scanners located in different continents (b) have a width (∼1.3 mm) expected from post-mortem and animal work and (c) are absent at the retinotopic location of the blind spot. We then dissociated the effects of bottom-up thalamo-cortical input and attentional feedback processes on activity in V1 across cortical depth. Importantly, the separation of bottom-up information flows into ODCs allowed us to validly compare attentional conditions while keeping the stimulus identical throughout the experiment. We find that, when correcting for draining vein effects and using both model-based and model-free approaches, the effect of monocular stimulation is largest at deep and middle cortical depths. Conversely, spatial attention influences BOLD activity exclusively near the pial surface. Our findings show that simultaneous interrogation of columnar and laminar dimensions of the cortical fold can dissociate thalamocortical inputs from top-down processing, and allow the investigation of their interactions without any stimulus manipulation.Significance StatementThe advent of ultra-high field fMRI allows for the study of the human brain non-invasively at submillimeter resolution, bringing the scale of cortical columns and laminae into focus. De Hollander et al imaged the ocular dominance columns and laminae of V1 in concert, while manipulating top-down attention. This allowed them to separate feedforward from feedback processes in the brain itself, without resorting to the manipulation of incoming information. Their results show how feedforward and feedback processes interact in the primary visual cortex, highlighting the different computational roles separate laminae play.
Physiologic RNA Targets and Refined Sequence Specificity of Coronavirus EndoU
Authors: Ancar Rachel , Li Yize , Kindler Eveline , Cooper Daphne A. , Ransom Monica , Thiel Volker , Weiss Susan R. , Hesselberth Jay R. , Barton David J. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTCoronavirus EndoU inhibits dsRNA-activated antiviral responses; however, the physiologic RNA substrates of EndoU are unknown. In this study, we used mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)-infected bone-marrow-derived macrophage (BMM) and cyclic phosphate cDNA sequencing to identify the RNA targets of EndoU. EndoU targeted viral RNA, cleaving the 3′ side of pyrimidines with a strong preference for U⬇A and C⬇A sequences (endoY⬇A). EndoU-dependent cleavage was detected in every region of MHV RNA, from the 5′ NTR to the 3′ NTR, including transcriptional regulatory sequences (TRS). Cleavage at two CA dinucleotides immediately adjacent to the MHV poly(A) tail suggest a mechanism to suppress negative-strand RNA synthesis and the accumulation of viral dsRNA. MHV with EndoU (EndoUmut) or 2′-5′ phosphodiesterase (PDEmut) mutations provoked the activation of RNase L in BMM, with corresponding cleavage of RNAs by RNase L. The physiologic targets of EndoU are viral RNA templates required for negative-strand RNA synthesis and dsRNA accumulation.ImpactCoronavirus EndoU cleaves U⬇A and C⬇A sequences (endoY⬇A) within viral (+) strand RNA to evade dsRNA-activated host responses.
Vimentin Intermediate Filaments Stabilize Dynamic Microtubules by Direct Interactions
Authors: Schaedel Laura , Lorenz Charlotta , Schepers Anna V. , Klumpp Stefan , Köster Sarah 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe cytoskeleton determines cell mechanics and lies at the heart of important cellular functions. Growing evidence suggests that the manifold tasks of the cytoskeleton rely on the interactions between its filamentous components – actin filaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules. However, the nature of these interactions and their impact on cytoskeletal dynamics are largely unknown. Here, we show in a reconstituted in vitro system that vimentin intermediate filaments stabilize microtubules against depolymerization and support microtubule rescue. To understand these stabilizing effects, we directly measured the interaction forces between individual microtubules and vimentin filaments. Combined with numerical simulations, our observations provide detailed insight into the physical nature of the interactions and how they affect microtubule dynamics. Thus, we describe an additional, direct mechanism for cells to establish the fundamental cross-talk of cytoskeletal components alongside linker proteins. Moreover, we suggest a novel strategy to estimate the binding energy of tubulin dimers within the microtubule lattice.
Quasi-essentiality of RNase Y inBacillus subtilisis caused by its critical role in the control of mRNA homeostasis
Authors: Benda Martin , Woelfel Simon , Gunka Katrin , Klumpp Stefan , Poehlein Anja , Kálalová Debora , Šanderová Hana , Daniel Rolf , Krásný Libor , Stülke Jörg 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTRNA turnover is essential in all domains of life. The endonuclease RNase Y (rny) is one of the key components involved in RNA metabolism of the model organismBacillus subtilis. Essentiality of RNase Y has been a matter of discussion, since deletion of thernygene is possible, but leads to severe phenotypic effects. In this work, we demonstrate that thernymutant strain rapidly evolves suppressor mutations to at least partially alleviate these defects. All suppressor mutants had acquired a duplication of an about 60 kb long genomic region encompassing genes for all three core subunits of the RNA polymerase – α, β, β′. When the duplication of the RNA polymerase genes was prevented by relocation of therpoAgene in theB. subtilisgenome, all suppressor mutants carried distinct single point mutations in evolutionary conserved regions of genes coding either for the β or β’ subunits of the RNA polymerase that were not tolerated by wild type bacteria.In vitrotranscription assays with the mutated polymerase variants showed massive decreases in transcription efficiency. Altogether, our results suggest a tight cooperation between RNase Y and the RNA polymerase to establish an optimal RNA homeostasis inB. subtiliscells.
SARS-CoV-2 targets cortical neurons of 3D human brain organoids and shows neurodegeneration-like effects
Authors: Ramani Anand , Müller Lisa , Ostermann Philipp Niklas , Gabriel Elke , Abida-Islam Pranty , Müller-Schiffmann Andreas , Mariappan Aruljothi , Goureau Olivier , Gruell Henning , Walker Andreas , Andrée Marcel , Hauka Sandra , Houwaart Torsten , Dilthey Alexander , Wohlgemuth Kai , Omran Heymut , Klein Florian , Wieczorek Dagmar , Adams Ortwin , Timm Jörg , Korth Carsten , Schaal Heiner , Gopalakrishnan Jay 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is a public health emergency. COVID-19 typically exhibits respiratory illness. Unexpectedly, emerging clinical reports indicate that neurological symptoms continue to rise, suggesting detrimental effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we show that a Düsseldorf isolate of SARS-CoV-2 enters 3D human brain organoids within two days of exposure. Using COVID-19 convalescent serum, we identified that SARS-CoV-2 preferably targets soma of cortical neurons but not neural stem cells, the target cell type of ZIKA virus. Imaging cortical neurons of organoids reveal that SARS-CoV-2 exposure is associated with missorted Tau from axons to soma, hyperphosphorylation, and apparent neuronal death. Surprisingly, SARS-CoV-2 co-localizes specifically with Tau phosphorylated at Threonine-231 in the soma, indicative of early neurodegeneration-like effects. Our studies, therefore, provide initial insights into the impact of SARS-CoV-2 as a neurotropic virus and emphasize that brain organoids could model CNS pathologies of COVID-19.One sentence summaryCOVID-19 modeling in human brain organoids
A localization screen reveals translation factories and widespread co-translational RNA targeting
Authors: Chouaib Racha , Safieddine Adham , Pichon Xavier , Imbert Arthur , Kwon Oh Sung , Samacoits Aubin , Traboulsi Abdel-Meneem , Robert Marie-Cécile , Tsanov Nikolay , Coleno Emeline , Poser Ina , Zimmer Christophe , Hyman Anthony , Hir Hervé Le , Zibara Kazem , Peter Marion , Mueller Florian , Walter Thomas , Bertrand Edouard 
Published: May 2020

SummaryLocal translation allows a spatial control of gene expression. Here, we performed a dual protein/mRNA localization screen, using smFISH on 523 human cell lines expressing GFP-tagged genes. A total of 32 mRNAs displayed specific cytoplasmic localizations, and we observed local translation at unexpected locations, including cytoplasmic protrusions, cell edges, endosomes, Golgi, the nuclear envelope and centrosomes, the latter being cell cycle dependent. Quantitation of mRNA distribution and automatic pattern classification revealed a high degree of localization heterogeneity between cells. Surprisingly, mRNA localization frequently required ongoing translation, indicating widespread co-translational RNA targeting. Interestingly, while P-body accumulation was frequent (15 mRNAs), four mRNAs accumulated in foci that were distinct structures. These foci lacked the mature protein, but nascent polypeptide imaging showed that they were specialized translation factories. For β-catenin, foci formation was regulated by Wnt, relied on APC-dependent polysome aggregation, and led to nascent protein degradation. Thus, translation factories uniquely regulate nascent protein metabolism and create a fine granular compartmentalization of translation.
Emerging market currency risk exposure: evidence from South Africa
Authors: Molele Mashukudu Hartley , Mukuddem-Petersen Janine 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the level of foreign exchange exposure of listed nonfinancial firms in South Africa. The study spans the period January 2002 and November 2015. Foreign exchange risk exposure is estimated in relation to the exchange rate of the South African Rand relative to the US$, the Euro, the British Pound and the trade-weighted exchange rate index.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on the augmented-market model of Jorion (1990). The Jorion (1990) is a capital asset pricing model-inspired framework which models share returns as a function of the return on the market index and changes in the exchange rate factor. The market risk factor is meant to discount the effect of macroeconomic factors on share returns, thus isolating the foreign exchange risk factor. In addition, the study further added the size, value, momentum, investment and profitability risk factors in line with the Fama–French three-factor model, Carhart four-factor model and the Fama–French five-factor model to account for the fact that equity capital markets in countries such as South Africa are known to be partially segmented.

Findings
Foreign exchange risk exposure levels were estimated at more than 40% for all the proxy currencies on the basis of the standard augmented market model. However, after controlling for idiosyncratic factors, through the application of the Fama–French three-factor model, the Carhart four-factor model and the Fama–French five-factor model, exposure levels were found to range between 6.5 and 12%.

Research limitations/implications
These results indicate the importance of controlling for the effects of idiosyncratic facto0rs in the estimation of foreign exchange risk exposure in the context of emerging markets of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Originality/value
This is the first study to apply the Fama–French three-factor model, Carhart four-factor model and the Fama–French five-factor model in the estimation of foreign exchange exposure of nonfinancial firms in the context of a SSA country. These results indicate the importance of controlling for the effects of idiosyncratic factors in the estimation of foreign exchange risk exposure in the context of emerging markets.
The impact of STEAM integration on preservice teachers' disposition and knowledge
Authors: An Shuhua 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThis study intended to provide such an opportunity to preservice teachers with a project-based learning (PBL) approach and an inquiry-based pedagogy to engage them in learning science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) knowledge and skills of integration with adding an art component to STEM as science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics (STEAM) for K-8 children, and developing their own STEAM tasks. The purpose of this project was to explore how STEAM integration in mathematics methods courses influenced K-8 preservice teachers' disposition and knowledge of STEAM integration.Design/methodology/approachThis project used a mixed-research design in data collection and analysis to examine the effects of using the STEAM integration on preservice teachers' knowledge and disposition. The preservice teachers in two EDEL 462 classes in Spring 2019 participated in STEAM learning and development in the inquiry process of four steps of STEAM integration. Data collection includes the pre- and postquestionnaires on teachers' knowledge and disposition.FindingsThe results in this study show that the STEAM integration in the mathematics methods courses engaged preservice teachers in four steps of the inquiry process of connection, collaboration, communication and evaluation for STEAM integration using PBL approach. The preservice teachers not only enhanced their disposition in attitude and confidence but also enhanced their knowledge of STEAM integration.Research limitations/implicationsThe following conclusions can be drawn from the present study that integrating STEAM components in mathematics methods fosters preservice teachers' creativity, connection, communication, application and teamwork skills, and importantly, it enhances K-8 preservice teachers' productive dispositions and knowledge in STEAM integration.Practical implicationsThe results of this study indicate that using math methods courses to engage preservice teachers in learning STEAM integration and designing authentic STEAM tasks in four steps enhanced preservice teachers' attitude and confidence that significantly related to their knowledge of STEAM integration.Originality/valueThese findings have significant implications for the understanding of how to prepare future teachers in STEAM integration in higher education.
Direct and indirect negatively valenced engagement behavior
Authors: Azer Jaylan , Alexander Matthew 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
This study aims to show the impact of direct and indirect customers’ negatively valenced influencing behavior (NVIB) on other actors in online social networks.

Design/methodology/approach
Four experiments were conducted in an online review setting that encompasses both restaurant and hotel reviews. The first study compares the impact of direct and indirect NVIB. The second, third and fourth studies measure this impact moderated by aggregate ratings, the volume of positive reviews and managerial responses.

Findings
Drawing on recent literature of customer engagement behavior, online reviews and social influence theory, this paper provides the first empirical results of the impact of direct and indirect NVIB, revealing the significant difference in their impact and the moderating role of the aggregate ratings, number of positive reviews and managerial responses on the cause-effect relationship between direct and indirect NVIB and other actors’ attitudes and behavioral intentions toward service providers.

Research limitations/implications
TripAdvisor reviews were selected for the reason of appropriateness rather than representativeness, using two service providers, hotels and restaurants.

Practical implications
This paper provides managers with new insights, which capture not only what customers say about service providers but also the impact of how they say it, suggesting that managers move beyond framing NVIB in generalized terms to considering the differences in the impact of its direct and indirect facets.

Originality/value
This paper is the first to provide empirical results about the significant difference in the impact of direct and indirect NVIB on other actors’ attitudes and behavioral intentions toward service providers, moderated by different heuristics, namely, ratings, volume of positive reviews and managerial responses.
Big data analytics adoption model for small and medium enterprises
Authors: Maroufkhani Parisa , Wan Ismail Wan Khairuzzaman , Ghobakhloo Morteza 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
Big data analytics (BDA) is recognized as a turning point for firms to improve their performance. Although small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are crucial for every economy, they are lagging far behind in the usage of BDA. This study aims to provide a single and unified model for the adoption of BDA among SMEs with the integration of the technology–organization–environment (TOE) model and resource-based view.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey of 112 manufacturing SMEs in Iran was conducted, and the data were analysed using structural equation modelling to test the model of this study.

Findings
The results offer evidence of a BDA mediation effect in the relationship between technological, organizational and environmental contexts, and SMEs performance. The findings also demonstrated that technological and organizational elements are the more significant determinants of BDA adoption in the context of SMEs. In addition, the result of this study confirmed that BDA adoption could enhance the financial and market performance of SMEs.

Practical implications
Providing a single unified framework of BDA adoption for SMEs enables them to appreciate the importance of most influential elements (technology, organization and environment) in the adoption of BDA. Also, this study may encourage SMEs to be more willing to use BDA in their businesses.

Originality/value
Although there are studies on BDA adoption and firm performance among large companies, there is a lack of empirical research on SMEs, in particular, based on the TOE model. SMEs differ from large companies in terms of the availability of resources and size. Therefore, this study aimed to initiate a conceptual framework of BDA adoption for SMEs to assist them to be able to take advantage of the adoption of such technology.