bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Techno-Economic Evaluation of Exploration & Production
Authors: Gupta Sumeet , Pahwa Manvinder Singh 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTOil and gas producing industry, which is extractive in nature, involves activities related to acquisition of minerals interests in properties, exploration, development and production of oil and gas. Oil and gas companies consist of many types of activities before it starts its operation in the field. It involves bidding procedure, acquiring mining lease, petroleum exploration license (PEL).Â It consists of high risk and uncertainties which may cause financial distress for a company. The aforesaid activities are collectively referred to an upstream operation and form the â€˜Upstream Petroleum industryâ€™.Â Â The industry is commonly referred to as the E&P industry.In order to assure the receipt of fair market value for oil and gas asset economic evaluation is performed. Economic evaluation consists of the assessment of oil and gas resources the valuation of resources in the market and the use of evaluation in considering the bid, exchange offer or other action. Full development of all three components of economic evaluation is essential if it is to be successful evaluation. Evaluation process embraces a range of procedures which, when applied to available data leads to an estimation of the rightâ€™s and propertyâ€™s value. So to quantify the risk and uncertainties a good economic evaluation process is needed. There are many economic evaluation processes. Among the existing economic evaluation processes, which one is the best, is the main motto of our study.The study discusses different method of economic evaluation like Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Present Value (NPV), discounted payback period, etc. This report also consist some example on various methods. These methods does not account for risk and uncertainties. A trivial change in predictions alters the whole calculation of profit and loss and may compel the company to be great loser. Now to analyze the risk and uncertainties, Risk analysis is necessary. In this report we have included Sensitive analysis, Decision Tree and Monte Carlo simulation. At the end of the report analysis is broadly given in support of the best method of economic.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Key Words: Simulation, Economic Evaluation, SensitiveÂ
â€˜Out of Pocket Expenditureâ€™ of Health Care Services in India: Factors, Consequences and Solution
Authors: Bagchi Shatabdi , Bakhshi Priyanka 
Published: December 2020

Financing is the most crucial part of the of the health care service delivery system and health care finance is one of the most critical factor contributing in the poverty scenario of any country.Â In developing countries like India where the health system should be more equitable and cost effective, the soaring problem of â€˜out of pocket expenditureâ€™ on Health System has shown a gloomy face and raises question on health equity. Evidences from several studies In India show that out of pocket expenditures on health care services intensify poverty. Â In the World Health Survey of 2011, India was ranked 42nd in the list of countries with highest average of out of pocket expenditure. The survey found that 74.4 per cent of private expenditure on health was paid out of pocket. The article discusses the triggering factors which lead to the inequitable out of pocket health expenditure. Secondary Data from World Health Statistics 2010, NSSO 52nd and 60th round have been used here as evidence.
Exploring the sophistication in services exports
Authors: Desai Falguni Pankaj 
Published: December 2020

The paper aims at providing empirical evidence of increasing sophistication in services exported by the developing countries.The last two decades have witnessedÂ a phenomenal rise not only in the share of services traded by both developed and developing countries , but also, a structural shift in favour of trade in modern services as against dominance ofÂ traditional services. Spanning over a period of 10 years i.e. from 2000 to 2010 we examine and compare the changing composition and sophistication in services exported by 38 countries comprising: Brazil, Russian Federation, India and China (BRICs), European Union (EU)-15 countries, 12-EU New Member States (EU-NMS), 5-EU Accession countries (EU- ACC), USA and Japan. We use the methodology developed by Hausmann et al (2007) which measures the level of sophistication associated with countryâ€™s export basket of goods. But in this paper we have applied this methodology to study sophistication in the export of services instead of goods.Â We find that there is a big divide in the values of the sophistication index between EU-15 and EU-ACC, the latter exhibiting considerable lower values of the index.Â But the gap in the value of the sophistication index between EU-15 and India, Russia, and some of the EU-NMS has narrowed.Â
Global Crises, fiscal space and national response
Authors: Sundaram Dr A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract:Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â The main aim of this paper is to examine the impacts of the crisis on fiscal space and government social spending. It also examines the design and implementation of national rescue packages, concentrating in particular on the composition of stimulus packages in terms of social protection and employment measures. This study analyses data from the year 2000 to 2011 in order to find out the Global Crises, fiscal space and national response. In this analysis various secondary sources haveÂ beenÂ used.Â It analyses the impacts, shortcomings, challenges, and policy reform measures of the Global food crisis.The global nature of the recent crisis limits that option. Countries with the flexibility to implement counter-cyclical policies have been better able to mitigate the impacts of the crisis on their economies and people Likewise, countries that have social protection systems as well as active labour market programmes in place, have been in a better position to mitigate adverse social impacts. It seems many countries learned lessons from previous crises and devoted substantial shares of their stimulus spending to the social sector to either expand existing programmes or to implement new ones.Â Unfortunately, many poorer developing countries lack the institutional and/or fiscal capacity to finance effective stimulus and welfare measures on their own. Instead, they must depend on aid to fill budgetary shortfalls in education, health and other programmes aimed at addressing poverty.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization estimates that the average annual shortfall in funding needed to meet the internationally agreed development goals in education is $16 billion, $5 billion more than previously estimated (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, 2010). The crisis dampens the prospects for closing this gap. Thus, policy adjustments to support social spending and improve economic growth are essential to limit the impact of the crisis on poverty.
Thorough Debridement Facilitated by Timely Planning of One-Bone Forearm Surgery
Authors: Tsumura Takuya , Matsumoto Taiichi , Kishimoto Katsuma , Shiode Hayao 
Published: December 2020

Cases:
Two patients with complex open forearm fractures underwent initial treatment with radioulnar fusion (arthrodesis of the radius to the ulna)—one patient sustained elbow and forearm injuries in a car accident and the other had an elbow injury caused by conveyor belt entanglement.

Conclusions:
Differentiating viable tissue from nonviable tissue is important in the management of potentially contaminated wounds. Arthrodesis of the radius to the ulna is generally considered a salvage option for complicated forearm instability. The decision to perform arthrodesis of the radius and ulna in the initial treatment facilitated the management of soft-tissue injuries and helped prioritize hand function.
Interoperability frameworks linking mHealth applications to electronic record systems
Authors: Ndlovu Kagiso , Mars Maurice , Scott Richard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: mHealth presents innovative approaches to enhance primary healthcare delivery in developing countries like Botswana. The impact of mHealth solutions can be improved if they are interoperable with eRecord systems such as electronic health records, electronic medical records and patient health records. eHealth interoperability frameworks exist but their availability and utility for linking mHealth solutions to eRecords in developing world settings like Botswana is unknown. The recently adopted eHealth Strategy for Botswana recognises interoperability as an issue and mHealth as a potential solution for some healthcare needs, but does not address linking the two.Aim: This study reviewed published reviews of eHealth interoperability frameworks for linking mHealth solutions with eRecords, and assessed their relevance to informing interoperability efforts with respect to Botswana’s eHealth Strategy.Methods: A structured literature review and analysis of published reviews of eHealth interoperability frameworks was performed to determine if any are relevant to linking mHealth with eRecords. The Botswanan eHealth Strategy was reviewed.Results: Four articles presented and reviewed eHealth interoperability frameworks that support linking of mHealth interventions to eRecords and associated implementation strategies. While the frameworks were developed for specific circumstances and therefore were based upon varying assumptions and perspectives, they entailed aspects that are relevant and could be drawn upon when developing an mHealth interoperability framework for Botswana. Common emerging themes of infrastructure, interoperability standards, data security and usability were identified and discussed; all of which are important in the developing world context such as in Botswana. The Botswana eHealth Strategy recognises interoperability, mHealth, and eRecords as distinct issues, but not linking of mHealth solutions with eRecords.Conclusion: Delivery of healthcare is shifting from hospital-based to patient-centered primary healthcare and community-based settings, using mHealth interventions. The impact of mHealth solutions can be improved if data generated from them are converted into digital information ready for transmission and incorporation into eRecord systems. The Botswana eHealth Strategy stresses the need to have interoperable eRecords, but mHealth solutions must not be left out. Literature insight about mHealth interoperability with eRecords can inform implementation strategies for Botswana and elsewhere.
Promoting organ donation through Basic Life Support Training –outcomes from the #conversations study.
Authors: Wroe Caroline , Newell Natasha , Graham Yitka , Diamond Marcus , O'Malley Michael , Slater Sarah , Reaich David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: More than 6000 people are waiting for an organ transplant in the UK. Although a recent change in organ donor legislation to an opt out system is hoped to address this disparity expert review highlights that ‘opt out’ is only one of several factors that impact organ donation rates. Studies show that ethnicity, religion and cultural influences impact opinions towards organ donation. The importance of education is well established and interpersonal educational interventions have been shown to be more effective than mass media approaches to changing behaviour around organ donation. This study evaluates the impact of an educational intervention delivered with Basic Life Support training prior to the change in legislation to positively influence views on organ donation.Methods: An educational film promoting organ donation was developed from patient’s stories, evaluated, reviewed and embedded into BLS training. All staff attending BLS training were invited to participate in the study, complete a baseline survey, watch the film and complete another survey 3-5 working days after the training.Results: During the study period 338 attended BLS training, 8 out of 10 agreed to participate in the study, 6 out of 10 stayed behaving for the intervention and 3 out of 10 completed all stages of the study. Support for organ donation was almost universal in the baseline survey and of those who completed the study, >9 out of 10 felt the intervention had helped them understand the need for organ donation and 1 in 2 had subsequently discussed organ donation with their family and friends. 1 in 4 did not support the forthcoming change in organ donation legislation.Conclusions: A brief targeted intervention delivered through BLS training is effective in promoting discussion and improves support for organ donation. The mandatory nature of BLS training reduces bias in engagement and offers huge potential for delivery of a limited intervention around organ donation at pace and scale. Further understanding of NHS staff awareness of and opinions to the change in organ donation legislation is warranted. Trial Registration#conversations was prospectively registered with the ISRCTN on 23/01/2019.ISRCTN 36338010IRAS project ID 233611
Transcriptome Analysis to Identify the Potential Role of Long non-coding RNAs in Enteric Glial Cells under Hyperglycemia
Authors: Zhu Xuping , Li Yanyu , Zhu Xue , Jiang Yanmin , Zhu Xiaowei , Xu Xiang , Liu Chao , Ni Chengming , Xu Lan , Wang Ke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important mediators in the pathogenesis of diabetic gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy, which has just been reported to have a relation to enteric glial cells (EGCs). However, the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of diabetic gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy, especially EGCs-related gastrointestinal dysfunction, has never been reported.
Methods

RNA sequencing technology (RNA-Seq) was used to screen the differential lncRNAs and mRNAs in EGCs under hyperglycemia (300 mmol L− 1 high glucose).
Results

Totally 4678 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE lncRNAs) and 6244 differentially expressed mRNAs (DE mRNAs) were obtained. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis showed significant differences. 2910 and 1549 co-expressed mRNAs were respectively expressed in up-regulated and down-regulated DE lncRNA target genes. Several up- or down-regulated lncRNAs were at the key junction points of the regulatory network. Protein-protein interaction networks showed highly connected clusters were TP53, AKT1, Casp9, Casp8, Casp3, TNF, etc, which are known closely related to apoptosis. FLRT3, Fras1, and other related target genes, which revealed the potential function of lncRNAs, may be important targets for differential lncRNAs to regulate the apoptosis of glial cells induced by hyperglycemia.
Conclusion

In this study, the involvement of lncRNAs in EGCs under hyperglycemia was analyzed using transcriptome analysis.
Evaluation of clinical value and potential mechanism of MTFR2 in lung adenocarcinoma via bioinformatics
Authors: Chen Cheng , Tang Yang , Qu Wendong , Han Xu , Zuo Jiebin , Cai Qingyong , Xu Gang , Song Yongxiang , Ke Xixian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

Mitochondrial fission regulator 2 (MTFR2) was involved in the progression and development of various cancers. However, the relationship between MTFR2 with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) had not been reported. Herein, this study analyzed the clinical significance and potential mechanisms of MTFR2 in LUAD via bioinformatic tools.
Results

We found that the level of MTFR2 was increased, and correlated with sex, age, smoking history, neoplasm staging, histological subtype and TP53 mutation status in LUAD patients. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed LUAD patients with increased MTFR2 had a poor prognosis. In addition, univariate COX regression analysis showed neoplasm staging, T stage, distant metastasis and MTFR2 level were risk factors for the prognosis of LUAD. A total of 1127 genes were coexpressed with MTFR2, including 840 positive and 208 negative related genes. KEGG and GSEA found that MTFR2 participated in the progression of LUAD by affecting cell cycle, DNA replication, homologous recombination, p53 signaling pathway and other mechanisms. The top 10 coexpressed genes, namely CDK1, CDC20, CCNB1, PLK1, CCNA2, AURKB, CCNB2, BUB1B, MAD2L1 and BUB1 were highly expressed, and were associated with poor prognosis in LUAD.
Conclusions

Consequently, we elucidated MTFR2 was a biomarker for diagnosis and poor prognosis in LUAD, and might participate in the progression of LUAD via affecting cell cycle, DNA replication, homologous recombination and p53 signaling pathway.
Subsequent Cholecystectomy Is The Most Important Factor for Recurrent Biliary Event-Free Survival in High-Risk Acute Cholecystitis Patients after Gallbladder Drainage
Authors: Wang Chi-Chih , Tsai Ming-Chang , Huang Yen-Pin , Huang Wen-Hsin , Tsai Tsung-Yu , Sung Wen-Wei , Yang Tzu-Wei , Lin Jaw- Town , Lin Chun-Che , Yen Hsu-Heng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background and Aims: Cholelithiasis is a disease with increasing prevalence over the decades. Gallbladder drainage is an alternative choice in critically ill patients who cannot tolerate early surgery for acute cholecystitis. In previous data, early or delayed cholecystectomy leads to less recurrent biliary events comparing to using a wait-and-see strategy. We wondered if the subsequent cholecystectomy strategy is the most important factor to improve recurrent biliary event-free survival after gallbladder drainage. The present study aimed to explore the most important factor to improve the clinical outcome after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage.Methods: We studied 211 adult acute cholecystitis patients who received percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage during index admission between July 2017 and December 2018 in Chung Shan Medical University Hospital and Changhua Christian Hospital. Patients who died during the index admission or lost follow-up within 30 days were excluded. We further divided these patients into those who received subsequent cholecystectomy within 2 months and those who received no cholecystectomy within 2 months. Recurrent biliary events, mortality and biliary event-related mortality were compared. Multivariate analysis was applied to find the most important factors of recurrent biliary event-free survival.Results: There were 8 cases (13.6%) in the subsequent cholecystectomy group that experienced recurrent biliary events, while 39 cases (32.2%) experienced recurrent biliary events in the no cholecystectomy within 2 months group. The proportion and average recurrent biliary events per person were all significantly lower in the subsequent cholecystectomy group. The recurrent biliary event-related mortality difference is insignificant. The most decisive factor to determine recurrent biliary event-free survival is whether a subsequent cholecystectomy performed or not (HR:0.485, 95% CI: 0.250-0.941, p=0.032).Conclusion: Subsequent cholecystectomy can decrease further recurrent biliary events and improve recurrent biliary event-free survival in high risk patients with acute cholecystitis that accepted percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage initially.
Weight Change and Its Predictors among Newly Initiated ART Clients in Dessie City, Northeast Ethiopia, July 2020. Longitudinal Data Analysis
Authors: Fentaw Zinabu , Dewau Reta , Chanie Muluken , Melaku Mequannent , Yalew Melaku , Arefaynie Mastewal , Deres Gedamnesh , Amsalu Erkihun , kefyale Bereket , Muche Amare , Adane Bezawit , Damtie Yitayish , Ayele Wolde , Adane Metadel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

The weight of HIV/AIDS patients is one of the classifications WHO clinical staging of the diseases. A positive weight change in antiretroviral therapy patients is one of the expected clinical outcomes within a few months after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy in previously naïve patients. But the weight change varies across clients, and the reason for this variation and the effect of time-varying clinical profiles on the weight of the clients is not well investigated.
Method:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Dessie City Health Facility in July 2020. The data were collected using a simple random sampling method in adult antiretroviral therapy clients who were enrolled to care between January to June 2019. Totally, 58 charts were reviewed within three months interval for 6 consecutive observations per chart. The data were entered into Epi-data, and analyzed using Stata 14. The effect of Panel and random effect model was assessed using Breusch and Pagan and Hausman's test, respectively. Finally, the Random Effect Generalize Least Square model was fitted, and variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were considered as the predictors of weight change.
Result

A total of 58 clients chart with 322 observations were assessed and the mean age (standard deviation) of participants were 37 (10) and 30 (51.7%) of them were female clients. The absence of opportunistic infection (β:1.85; 95% CI:0.66–3.03) the interaction of opportunistic infection and months on Antiretroviral Therapy (β:0.09; 95% CI:0.05–0.13) and advanced WHO clinical stage (β: -3.52; 95% CI: -6.71-(-0.34)) were significantly associated with the weight of adult Antiretroviral Therapy user overtime.
Conclusion

There is a significant positive weight change after imitation of Antiretroviral Therapy. The absence of opportunistic infection and its interaction with time have a positive change on the weight of adult Antiretroviral Therapy clients whereas, experiencing advanced WHO stage disease over time has a negative effect on the weight change.
Exosomal miRNA-21-5p derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote osteosarcoma cell proliferation and invasion by targeting PIK3R1
Authors: Qi Jin , Zhang Ruihao , Wu Zuolong , Xia Yayi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a class of pluripotent cells that can release a large number of exosomes which act as paracrine mediators in tumor associated microenvironment. However, the role of MSC-derived exosomes in pathogenesis and progression of cancer cells especially osteosarcoma has not yet been thoroughly clarified until now. In this study, we established a co-culture model for human bone marrow derived MSCs with osteosarcoma U2OS and MG63 cells, then extraction of exosomes from induced MSCs and study the role of MSC-derived exosomes in the progression of osteosarcoma cell. It was the aim of this study to address potential cell biological effects between MSCs and osteosarcoma cell. we found that MSC-derived exosomes can significantly promote osteosarcoma cells proliferation and invasion. we also found that miR-21-5p were significantly overexpressed in human bone marrow MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes compared with that of human fetal osteoblastic cell line hFOB1.19 by using quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma cells U2OS and MG63 were significantly enhanced by MSC-derived exosomes that were transfected with miR-21-5p. Bioinformatics analysis and dual‐luciferase reporter gene assays validated the targeted relationship between exosomal miR‐21-5p and PIK3R1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR-21-5p-abundant exosomes derived human bone marrow MSCs could activate PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by suppressing PIK3R1 expression in osteosarcoma cells U2OS and MG63. In conclusion, Our findings provide new insight into the interaction between MSCs and osteosarcoma cells in tumor associated microenvironment. Notably, the use of a miR-21-5p inhibitor has an excellent restraining effect on osteosarcoma proliferation and invasion, which provides therapeutic potential for osteosarcoma in future clinical medicine.