bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Miscibility‐Controlled Phase Separation in Double‐Cable Conjugated Polymers for Single‐Component Organic Solar Cells with Efficiencies over 8 %
Authors: Jiang Xudong , Yang Jinjin , Karuthedath Safakath , Li Junyu , Lai Wenbin , Li Cheng , Xiao Chengyi , Ye Long , Ma Zaifei , Tang Zheng , Laquai Frédéric , Li Weiwei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA record power conversion efficiency of 8.40 % was obtained in single‐component organic solar cells (SCOSCs) based on double‐cable conjugated polymers. This is realized based on exciton separation playing the same role as charge transport in SCOSCs. Two double‐cable conjugated polymers were designed with almost identical conjugated backbones and electron‐withdrawing side units, but extra Cl atoms had different positions on the conjugated backbones. When Cl atoms were positioned at the main chains, the polymer formed the twist backbones, enabling better miscibility with the naphthalene diimide side units. This improves the interface contact between conjugated backbones and side units, resulting in efficient conversion of excitons into free charges. These findings reveal the importance of charge generation process in SCOSCs and suggest a strategy to improve this process: controlling miscibility between conjugated backbones and aromatic side units in double‐cable conjugated polymers.
Local Structure of Glassy Lithium Phosphorus Oxynitride Thin Films: A Combined Experimental and Ab Initio Approach
Authors: Marple Maxwell A. T. , Wynn Thomas A. , Cheng Diyi , Shimizu Ryosuke , Mason Harris E. , Meng Y. Shirley 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) is an amorphous solid‐state lithium ion conductor displaying exemplary cyclability against lithium metal anodes. There is no definitive explanation for this stability due to the limited understanding of the structure of LiPON. Herein, we provide a structural model of RF‐sputtered LiPON. Information about the short‐range structure results from 1D and 2D solid‐state NMR experiments. These results are compared with first principles chemical shielding calculations of Li‐P‐O/N crystals and ab initio molecular dynamics‐generated amorphous LiPON models to unequivocally identify the glassy structure as primarily isolated phosphate monomers with N incorporated in both apical and as bridging sites in phosphate dimers. Structural results suggest LiPON′s stability is a result of its glassy character. Free‐standing LiPON films are produced that exhibit a high degree of flexibility, highlighting the unique mechanical properties of glassy materials.
Quantification of High‐Temperature Transition Al2O3and Their Phase Transformations**
Authors: Kovarik Libor , Bowden Mark , Andersen Amity , Jaegers Nicholas R. , Washton Nancy , Szanyi János 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHigh‐temperature treatment of γ‐Al2O3can lead to a series of polymorphic transformations, including the formation of δ‐Al2O3and θ‐Al2O3. Quantification of the microstructure in the range where δ‐ and θ‐Al2O3are formed represents a formidable challenge, as both phases accommodate a high degree of structural disorder. In this work, we explore the use of an XRD recursive‐stacking formalism for the quantification of high‐temperature transition aluminas. We formulate the recursive‐stacking methodology for modelling of disorder in δ‐Al2O3and twinning in θ‐Al2O3and show that explicitly accounting for the disorder is necessary to reliably model the XRD patterns of high‐temperature transition alumina. We also use the recursive stacking approach to study phase transformation during high‐temperature (1050 °C) treatment. We show that the two different intergrowth modes of δ‐Al2O3have different transformation characteristics and that a significant portion of δ‐Al2O3is stabilized with θ‐Al2O3even after prolonged high‐temperature exposures.
Preparation and characterization of thermoresponsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐N‐isopropylmethacrylamide) hydrogel materials for smart windows
Authors: Jang Ji‐Won , Park Jae‐Hyong , Kim Il‐Jin , Sim Jae‐Hak , Yu Seung‐gun , Lee Dong‐Jin , Lee Young‐Hee , Park Sang‐Hui , Kim Han‐Do 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, a series of thermoresponsive cross‐linked copolymer poly [N‐isopropylacrylamide(NIPAm)‐co‐N‐isopropylmethacrylamide(NIPMAm)] (P‐M series samples: P‐M‐0, 10, 20, 30, 40, where numbers are co‐monomer contents) hydrogels were prepared by free radical polymerization using the main monomer N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm), co‐monomer N‐isopropylmethacrylamide (NIPMAm), cross‐linking agent N, N‐methylenebisacrylamide, initiator (ammonium persulfate)/catalyst, and solvent water. In addition, a series of samples [P‐G series samples: P‐G‐0, 10, 20, 30, 40, where numbers are co‐solvent glycerol content) were prepared using P‐M‐40 as components and water/co‐solvent glycerol as a mixed solvent. The effects of co‐monomer NIPMAm and co‐solvent glycerol contents on the lower critical solution temperature (LCST)/freezing temperature and light transmittance as function of temperature of the prepared copolymer gels were investigated. The resulting thermoresponsive polymer gels had LCSTs in the range of 17.9 to 38.7°C and freezing points in the range of 6.3 to −38.5°C. These gels are suitable materials for smart windows that are responsive to various environmental conditions.
Neurophysiological indicators of internal attention: An electroencephalography–eye‐tracking coregistration study
Authors: Ceh Simon Majed , Annerer‐Walcher Sonja , Körner Christof , Rominger Christian , Kober Silvia Erika , Fink Andreas , Benedek Mathias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionMany goal‐directed and spontaneous everyday activities (e.g., planning, mind wandering) rely on an internal focus of attention. Internally directed cognition (IDC) was shown to differ from externally directed cognition in a range of neurophysiological indicators such as electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha activity and eye behavior.MethodsIn this EEG–eye‐tracking coregistration study, we investigated effects of attention direction on EEG alpha activity and various relevant eye parameters. We used an established paradigm to manipulate internal attention demands in the visual domain within tasks by means of conditional stimulus masking.ResultsConsistent with previous research, IDC involved relatively higher EEG alpha activity (lower alpha desynchronization) at posterior cortical sites. Moreover, IDC was characterized by greater pupil diameter (PD), fewer microsaccades, fixations, and saccades. These findings show that internal versus external cognition is associated with robust differences in several indicators at the neural and perceptual level. In a second line of analysis, we explored the intrinsic temporal covariation between EEG alpha activity and eye parameters during rest. This analysis revealed a positive correlation of EEG alpha power with PD especially in bilateral parieto‐occipital regions.ConclusionTogether, these findings suggest that EEG alpha activity and PD represent time‐sensitive indicators of internal attention demands, which may be involved in a neurophysiological gating mechanism serving to shield internal cognition from irrelevant sensory information.
Banks' environmental policy and business outcomes: The role of competition
Authors: Khattak Mudeer Ahmed , Saiti Buerhan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBy integrating the two areas of competition–performance and environment–performance, this research explores if competition matters in the relationship between environmental practices and interest margins in the market. A panel of 458 banks from 74 countries for the period of 2006–2016 is used, and the sample is further divided into developed and developing countries. This paper uses the system Generalized Method of Moments estimator to tackle potential omitted variable bias, endogeneity, and simultaneity issues. Without competition, environmental practices only affect banks in developing countries; however, the results show a significant impact for the full sample, including developed countries, when the competition is taken into consideration, suggesting that competition might play a role in the relationship of environmental practices and interest margins. In the full sample, competition impacts the relationship negatively after a moderate level of competition is reached in the market. The environmental practices in developing countries are prone to competition in the market. In developed countries, the competition is found to be lightly positively moderating the impact of environmental practices on interest margins. Based on these findings, it is recommended that developing countries should have a low or moderate level of competition to encourage environmental practices. For developed countries, however, high competition should be preferred to encourage banks to consider environmental practices as one of their core business strategies. These findings are found robust to different statistical estimators.
Fungal Epithiodiketopiperazines Carrying α,β‐Polysulfide Bridges from Penicillium steckii YE, and Their Chemical Interconversion
Authors: Jiang Guangde , Zhang Peilan , Ratnayake Ranjala , Yang Guang , Zhang Yi , Zuo Ran , Powell Magan , Huguet‐Tapia José C. , Abboud Khalil A. , Dang Long H. , Teplitski Max , Paul Valerie , Xiao Rui , Ahammad K. H. , Zaman Uz , Hu Zhenquan , Cao Shugeng , Luesch Hendrik , Ding Yousong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSome fungal epithiodiketopiperazine alkaloids display α,β‐polysulfide bridges alongside diverse structural variations. However, the logic of their chemical diversity has rarely been explored. Here, we report the identification of three new (2, 3, 8) and five known (1, 4–7) epithiodiketopiperazines of this subtype from a marine‐derived Penicillium sp. The structure elucidation was supported by multiple spectroscopic analyses. Importantly, we observed multiple nonenzymatic interconversions of these analogues in aqueous solutions and organic solvents. Furthermore, the same biosynthetic origin of these compounds was supported by one mined gene cluster. The dominant analogue (1) demonstrated selective cytotoxicity to androgen‐sensitive prostate cancer cells and HIF‐depleted colorectal cells and mild antiaging activities, linking the bioactivity to oxidative stress. These results provide crucial insight into the formation of fungal epithiodiketopiperazines through chemical interconversions.
Solid Electrolyte Interphase Evolution on Lithium Metal Electrodes Followed by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Under Realistic Battery Cycling Current Densities
Authors: Krueger Bastian , Balboa Luis , Dohmann Jan Frederik , Winter Martin , Bieker Peter , Wittstock Gunther 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture are the groups of Gunther Wittstock at Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg (Germany) and Martin Winter at Helmholtz‐Institute Münster (Germany). The cover picture shows an artistic vision by Andre Bar of the submerged probe surveying a very reactive solid|liquid interface, such as Li metal electrodes, while reactions are going on. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.202000441.
A Chatt‐Type Catalyst with One Coordination Site for Dinitrogen Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Engesser Tobias A. , Kindjajev Andrei , Junge Jannik , Krahmer Jan , Tuczek Felix 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith [Mo(N2)(P2MePP2Ph)] the first Chatt‐type complex with one coordination site catalytically converting N2 to ammonia is presented. Employing SmI2 as reductant and H2O as proton source 26 equivalents of ammonia are generated. Analogous Mo0‐N2 complexes supported by a combination of bi‐ and tridentate phosphine ligands are catalytically inactive under the same conditions. These findings are interpreted by analyzing structural and spectroscopic features of the employed systems, leading to the conclusion that the catalytic activity of the title complex is due to the strong activation of N2 and the unique topology of the pentadentate tetrapodal (pentaPod) ligand P2MePP2Ph. The analogous hydrazido(2‐) complex [Mo(NNH2)(P2MePP2Ph)](BArF)2 is generated by protonation with HBArF in ether and characterized by NMR and vibrational spectroscopy. Importantly, it is shown to be catalytically active as well. Along with the fact that the structure of the title complex precludes dimerization this demonstrates that the corresponding catalytic cycle follows a mononuclear pathway. The implications of a PCET mechanism on this reactive scheme are considered.
1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitrile Oxides under “Non‐Conventional” Conditions: Green Solvents, Irradiation, and Continuous Flow
Authors: Plumet Joaquín 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions (DCs) of nitrile oxides (NOs) to alkenes and alkynes are useful methods for the synthesis of 2‐isoxazolines and isoxazoles respectively, which are important classes of heterocyclic compounds in organic and medicinal chemistry. Most of these reactions are carried out in organic solvents and under thermal activation. Nevertheless the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) and ionic liquids (Ils) as alternative solvents and the application of microwave (MW) and ultrasound (US) as alternative activation procedures have evident advantages from the “Green Chemistry” point of view. The critical discussion on the applications of these “unconventional” activation methods and reaction conditions in the 1,3‐DCs of NOs is the objective of the present Review.
Fine needle aspiration of an intranodal follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: A case report with molecular analysis and review of the literature
Authors: Andersen Michael J. , Kerr Darcy A. , Lisovsky Mikhail , Vaickus Louis J. , Linos Konstantinos 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFollicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare malignant neoplasm of follicular dendritic cell origin which can present a diagnostic challenge. Due to the rarity of this neoplasm, its molecular pathogenesis has not been fully elaborated. A previous series of 13 cases reported that 38% contained mutations of genes encoding proteins involved in negative regulation of NF‐κB. NF‐κB is a family of transcription factors regulated through multiple cellular processes known as the canonical and noncanonical pathways. Here we present the case of a 62‐year‐old man who presented with abdominal pain and systemic symptoms and was found to have a mass in the porta hepatis. Fine needle aspiration cytology demonstrated a spindle cell neoplasm with vesicular chromatin and prominent nucleoli with admixed lymphocytes. Surgical resection showed an intranodal, 7.3 × 5.5 × 3.5 cm, solid mass composed of plump, spindle to histiocytoid cells with ovoid nuclei and small, prominent nucleoli arranged in a whorled and fascicular pattern. The lesional cells stained positively for CD21, CD23, and CD35 by immunohistochemistry, consistent with a diagnosis of FDCS. Next‐generation sequencing revealed pathologic mutations in three genes involved in NF‐κB regulation pathways: NFKBIA, TNFAIP3, and TRAF3. A pathologic TP53 mutation was also identified. This case report supports prior associations of the NF‐κB pathway dysregulation and FDCS. Additionally, it is the first reported FDCS case with TRAF3 mutation as well as the first reported case to suggest disruption in both the canonical and noncanonical NF‐κB pathways in the same lesion.
Effect of wind farms on wintering ducks at an important wintering ground in China along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway
Authors: Zhao Shanshan , Xu Huan , Song Ningning , Wang Zhenghuan , Li Ben , Wang Tianhou 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWind farms offer a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels and can mitigate their negative effects on climate change. However, wind farms may have negative impacts on birds. The East China Coast forms a key part of the East Asian–Australasian Flyway, and it is a crucial region for wind energy development in China. However, despite ducks being the dominant animal taxon along the East China Coast in winter and considered as particularly vulnerable to the effects of wind farms, the potential negative impacts of wind farms on duck populations remain unclear. We therefore assessed the effects of wind farms on duck abundance, distribution, and habitat use at Chongming Dongtan, which is a major wintering site for ducks along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway, using field surveys and satellite tracking. We conducted seven paired field surveys of ducks inside wind farm (IWF) and outside wind farm (OWF) sites in artificial brackish marsh, paddy fields, and aquaculture ponds. Duck abundance was significantly higher in OWF compared with IWF sites and significantly higher in artificial brackish marsh than in aquaculture ponds and paddy fields. Based on 1,918 high‐resolution satellite tracking records, the main habitat types of ducks during the day and at night were artificial brackish marsh and paddy fields, respectively. Furthermore, grid‐based analysis showed overlaps between ducks and wind farms, with greater overlap at night than during the day. According to resource selection functions, habitat use by wintering ducks was impacted by distance to water, land cover, human activity, and wind farm effects, and the variables predicted to have significant impacts on duck habitat use differed between day and night. Our study suggests that wintering ducks tend to avoid wind turbines at Chongming Dongtan, and landscape of paddy fields and artificial wetlands adjoining natural wetlands is crucial for wintering ducks.
Fine‐scale environmental heterogeneity shapes fluvial fish communities as revealed by eDNA metabarcoding
Authors: Berger Chloé Suzanne , Hernandez Cecilia , Laporte Martin , Côté Guillaume , Paradis Yves , Kameni T. Dominique W. , Normandeau Eric , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConservation of freshwater biodiversity requires being able to track the presence and abundance of entire fish communities. However, studying fish community composition within rivers remains a technical challenge because of high spatial and temporal physico‐chemical variability, anthropic activities and connections with other river catchments, which may all contribute to important variations in local ecology and communities. Here, we used environmental DNA metabarcoding to document spatial variation in fish communities at a small geographic scale in a large river system. The study was conducted in the Contrecoeur sector (5.5 km long and approximately 1–1.5 km wide) of the St. Lawrence River (Québec, Canada), where two water masses with different physico‐chemical properties, known as "brown waters" and "green waters," flow in parallel with limited admixing. Water samples were collected during two consecutive days at 53 stations located in both water masses. Using universal PCR MiFish 12S primers, Illumina MiSeq sequencing, and the Barque (www.github.com/enormandeau/barque) eDNA analysis software developed by our group, a total of 67 fish species were detected. PERMANOVA and redundancy analyses (RDA) performed on relative read abundance revealed that each water mass comprised distinct communities that depended on turbidity, depth, and to a lesser extent on the upstream versus downstream position along the study area. eDNA metabarcoding results were compared with those of traditional surveys conducted previously in the sector and up to 40 km upstream of it. As previously reported, higher species diversity was detected by eDNA and with substantially lower sampling effort. Our results represent one of the few studies documenting the potential of eDNA metabarcoding to investigate small‐scale variation in 2D spatial patterns of distribution of whole fish communities associated with habitat characteristics within a lotic system.
Sustainability assessment of wind turbines using fuzzy logic
Authors: Al‐Shalash Ola , Barakat Nael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRenewable energy systems provide opportunities for developing methods to evaluate their sustainability claims, inclusive of their life cycles, and to rank them based on their broader impact. In this paper, a fuzzy‐logic‐based method is proposed to evaluate and rank wind turbines as sustainable systems handling wind energy, in terms of renewability and environmental friendliness. Implementation of the proposed method is demonstrated in two steps: First, major factors defining life cycle and sustainability characteristics of wind turbines are identified. These factors are: Capital Cost, Greenhouse Gas Emission, and wind turbine Energy Efficiency. Nevertheless, the method allows expansion to include other factors, which may later be deemed as critical to the evaluation process. Second, a fuzzy‐logic‐based model is built and tested using hypothetical data to prove the concept. As a result, the relatively best sustainability is decided on a single dimension scale. The proposed method produced reliable results in terms of ordinally ranking the sustainability of wind turbines, but with interdependencies based on the entire group of wind turbine cases being examined. The proposed method formulates a satisfactory stepping stone on the way to establish a unified method and process to rank wind turbines based on sustainability.
Breaking the cycle of intergenerational abuse: A qualitative interview study of men participating in a perinatal program to reduce violence
Authors: Domoney Jill , Trevillion Kylee 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTDomestic violence and abuse in the perinatal period leads to long‐term adverse outcomes for infants, including a greater risk of becoming victims or perpetrators of violence in adulthood. Examining men's beliefs about fatherhood and violence, and their motivations for engaging in programs to reduce violence, is essential to understand how interventions can impact on behavior and break intergenerational cycles of abuse. The aim of this study was to explore the experience of becoming a father in a sample of men who are taking part in a whole‐family perinatal program to reduce violence—For Baby's Sake. Ten men who had engaged with For Baby's Sake were interviewed about their experiences and beliefs around fatherhood. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Four themes were identified: making sense of violent behavior, conceptions of fatherhood, an emotional transition, and breaking the cycle. The data provide a unique insight into men's beliefs and behaviors at this transition point in their lives. This can aid the development of interventions aimed at breaking the cycle of abuse, indicating ways to harness the motivation for a new start and support men to overcome unhelpful behavior patterns.
Seeking Patterns in Swirl and Drift: Retention, Persistence, and Transfer
Authors: Clasemann Cory , Boon Rachel Dykstra 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough not a new phenomenon, student swirl and drift continues to grow, and student enrollment patterns are becoming progressively more complex. Many students attend multiple institutions throughout their academic careers, either separately or concurrently, often starting while they are still enrolled in high school. The role of institutional research in helping to define and measure student success, particularly as it relates to retention and persistence, also grows in importance for institutional, state, and national purposes. This chapter will examine strategies for institutional research professionals to address this murky area. Perspectives of both 2‐year and 4‐year institutions will be explored.