bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Brain Stimulation for Stroke: Continuous Stimulation of the Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus has no Impact on Skilled Walking in Rats After Photothrombotic Stroke
Authors: Bohr Arne , Schuhmann Michael K. , Papp Lena , Volkmann Jens , Fluri Felix 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Gait impairment after stroke is considered as a loss of cerebral function
but is also the result of dysfunctional cerebral signals travelling to the spinal motor centres. A therapeutic
option to restore disturbed cerebral network activity is deep brain stimulation (DBS).

Methods:
A promising target for neuromodulation might be the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
(PPTg), which contributes to the initiation and control of gait. To test this hypothesis, we
trained eighteen rats to cross a horizontal ladder and a wooden beam before inflicting a photothrombosis
in the right sensorimotor cortex and implanting a stimulating electrode in the ipsilateral
PPTg.

Results:
Continuous high-frequency DBS (130 Hz; amplitude 55 ± 5 μA) of rats for 10 days yielded
no significant improvement of skilled walking when examined with the ladder rung walking test
and beam walking test compared to sham-stimulation.

Conclusion:
In contrast to DBS of the cuneiform nucleus, PPTg-stimulation improves neither control
of gait nor balance after stroke.
Novel Swellable/Expandable Gastroretentive Floating Films of Gliclazide Folded in Capsule Shell for the Effective Management of Diabetes Mellitus: Formulation Development, Optimization and In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Sharma Diksha , Sharma Deepak 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Gliclazide (GLZ) belongs to the second-generation of sulphonylureas; it is a
drug of choice for the management of type II DM. It belongs to BCS Class II. The major site of drug
absorption for GLZ is the stomach; it displays variation in the drug absorption rate and bioavailability
due to the shorter gastric retention time. The floating mechanism gets affected when the gastric fluid
level is not sufficiently higher, which ultimately obstructs the floating behavior, which is the major
limitation of reported formulations. This limitation can be overcome by folding the film into the capsule
shell dissolved in the gastric fluid and the film swells/expands to dimensions higher than pylorus
sphincter (12mm), thus preventing its evacuation.

Objective:
The study aims to explore the floating mechanism in the design of films along with a tendency
to expand by swelling and unfolding by utilizing a mixture of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer
to achieve the controlled drug delivery and prolonged gastric retention of drug.

Methods:
The gastroretentive floating films were formulated by the solvent casting technique using 32
full factorial designs and subjected to in vitro evaluation parameters, drug-excipient compatibility, Xray
diffraction and accelerated stability study.

Results:
The pre-formulation study established the purity and identification of a drug. FTIR study
confirmed no drug excipient interaction. F3, F6, and F9 were optimized based on in vitro floating
characteristics, swelling/expanding ability, and unfolding time. All developed formulations were unfolded
within 14-22 min after capsule disintegration. The F3 was selected as the final formulation as
its ability to control the release of the drug for 24 hrs followed by zero-order kinetics having super
case 2 transport. XRD confirmed the amorphousness of the drug within the formulation. The stability
study results revealed that the formulation was quite stable at extreme storage conditions.

Conclusion:
The developed novel formulation has good potential for the effective management and
treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Research on High-speed Cutting of Cr12MoV Hardened Steel - A Review
Authors: Sun Fei , Li Guohe , Zhang Qi , Liu Meng 
Published: December 2020

:
Cr12MoV hardened steel is widely used in the manufacturing of stamping die because of its high strength,
high hardness, and good wear resistance. As a kind of mainstream cutting technology, high-speed machining has been
applied in the machining of Cr12MoV hardened steel. Based on the review of a large number of literature, the
development of high-speed machining of Cr12MoV hardened steel was summarized, including the research status of the
saw-tooth chip, cutting force, cutting temperature, tool wear, machined surface quality, and parameters optimization. The
problems that exist in the current research were discussed and the directions of future research were pointed out. It can
promote the development of high-speed machining of Cr12MoV hardened steel.
Evidence-Based Practice and its Relationship to Quality Improvement: A Cross-Sectional Study among ‎Egyptian Nurses
Authors: Abou Hashish Ebtsam Aly , Alsayed Sharifah 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Implementing Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) and Quality Improvement (QI) were recognized as the core competencies that should be held by all healthcare professionals, especially nurses, as front-line healthcare providers. Assessment of the current level of knowledge, skills, and attitude of nurses, regarding EBP and QI, is important for the design of strategies that could enhance the competence of nurses in such practices and, in turn, promote patient care quality.

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the attitudes, knowledge, and skills of nurses in Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) and Quality Improvement (QI), in addition, to studying the relationship between EBP and QI.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenient sample of nurses (N=300) who work in three Egyptian hospitals in Alexandria city, representing the university, governmental, and private health sectors. The EBP and QI questionnaires were used in addition to a demographic form for the studied nurses. Statistical analysis was carried out using ANOVAs, student t-test, Pearson correlation, and Regression analysis (R2).

Results:
Nurses displayed positive attitudes toward both EBP and QI. However, they perceived themselves to be lacking sufficient EBP knowledge and need to improve their QI skills. There was a strong positive correlation between EBP and QI with a predictive power of QI on EBP (r= 0.485, R2 = 0.273, p<0.001).

Conclusion:
Nurses need educational support for enhancing their attitude, knowledge, and skills related to EBP and QI. To prepare for educational programs, hospitals and nursing administrators should consider the characteristics of nurses, work schedules, and obstacles in the use of EBP. Hospital managers should also implement effective strategies to resolve the barriers and boost facilitators to increase the use of EBP among Egyptian nurses and promote QI.
Food Relations of the Carabidea and Coccinellidae
Authors: Forbes Stephen A. 
Published: December 2020

Reports on food of beetles in two families in based on dissections of specimens and identification of gut contents. For Carabidae, 185 specimens representing 38 species and 20 genera were examined. For Coccinellidae, 20 specimens in 3 genera were examined. Results are summarized at the genus level, with a general summary for each family also provided.
Gazettes sous influence : le Courrier du Bas-Rhin, la Gazette des Deux-Ponts et les sujets touchant la Russie vers 1770
Authors: Dulac Georges 
Published: December 2020

Vers 1770, la campagne anti-russe du gouvernement français tend à dégrader l’image de la Russie, ce qui lèse gravement ses intérêts, notamment quand elle doit emprunter pour financer la guerre avec la Turquie. Aussi le prince Dmitri Alexeevitch Golitsyn, ministre plénipotentiaire à La Haye, se montre-t-il alors très actif sur ce terrain. Sa correspondance avec Pétersbourg témoigne de ses efforts, aux effets inégaux, pour influer sur les informations diffusées par quelques journaux : principalement le Courrier du Bas-Rhin, publié par Jean Manzon à Trèves, sous contrôle prussien, et dans une moindre mesure les deux Gazettes des Deux-Ponts, l’une politique, l’autre littéraire. Le journaliste de Trèves, qui trouve son intérêt à prendre le parti de la Russie, met en œuvre en sa faveur un discours journalistique abondant et parfois très élaboré. Cependant, la ligne du journal subit des fluctuations sensibles, selon l’évolution de la situation et à la suite de diverses interventions, dont celles du roi de Prusse et d’autre part de Stanislas-Auguste, qui pensionne un temps le journaliste. La Gazette des deux Ponts pratique l’information orientée avec plus de finesse, et, comme la gazette littéraire, accorde une large place à la matière russe : mais sur le plan politique, son traitement reste le plus souvent sous influence française et répond rarement aux vœux de D. A. Golitsyn.
Hostilidad perpetua, transformaciones transitorias: Persona, cuerpo y moralidad entre los tsotsiles de Chamula, Chiapas / Perpetual hostility, transitory transformations: Person, body and morality between the tsotsiles of Chamula, Chiapas
Authors: Montoya David 
Published: December 2020

El actual estudio etnográfico da cuenta de que lo chon –un aspecto de la persona, generalmente, asociado a lo animal– está relacionado con un estado de permanente hostilidad, presente en el mundo desde tiempos primordiales. Este aspecto, a la vez que potencia la vulnerabilidad entre los humanos, resalta la fortaleza de otros seres, como Dios y el Pukuj. En la búsqueda de lidiar con esa atmósfera de hostilidad y, de mitigar su propia vulnerabilidad, la humanidad experimenta múltiples transformaciones morales-corporales.Abstract: This ethnographic study shows that the chon –an aspect of the person, generally associated with the animal– is related to an state of permanent hostility, given in the world since primordial times. Although this aspect, while enhancing vulnerability among humans, highlights the strength of other beings such as God and the Pukuj. Therefore, to deal with this atmosphere of hostility and, therefore, to mitigate its own vulnerability, humanity undergoes multiple transformations moral-bodily. Keywords: chon; tsotsiles; humanity; vulnerability; morale.Résumé : Cette étude ethnographique montre que le chon –un aspect de la personne, généralment associé à l’animal– est lié à l’état d’hostilité qui caractérise le monde. Cet aspect, tout en renforçant la vulnérabilité des humains, met en évidence la force d’autres êtres tels que Dieu et les Pukuj. Dans sa quête pour faire face à cette atmosphère d’hostilité et, par conséquent, pour atténuer sa propre vulnérabilité, l’humanité subit de multiples transformations morales-corporelles.Mots-clés: chon ; tsotsiles ; vulnérabilité ; humanité ; moral.
The influence of Moscow and Leningrad on the compositional organization of residential quarters in Yaroslavl in the 1920s and 1930s
Authors: Vasileva Anna V. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The article shows the relevance of studying compositional techniques applied to residential areas in provincial cities in relation to the unfolding program of housing renovation and reconstruction of historical centres of cities. Despite a significant amount of research on various aspects of Soviet urban planning and domestic architecture of the period under review, the local research, focused on the development of particular cities in comparison with the architectural practice of the capital is in demand in both domestic and foreign architectural studies.
Materials and methods. The step-by-step comparison of the Yaroslavl domestic architecture, dating back to the 20ies and 30ies of the 20th century, is compared with the one of Moscow and Leningrad to identify the features characterizing the formation of compositional techniques applied to residential areas in Yaroslavl.
Results. The study highlights several stages in the evolution of residential development in Yaroslavl. It is shown that the first stage gravitated towards the Moscow practice characterized by a somewhat mechanistic approach to filling the territory of a quarter. The second stage, which dates back to the end of the first five-year plan, was characterized by a new function of domestic architecture as a limiting controller of central urban spaces. Further stages are focused on the task of developing approaches to the preservation of the valuable historical legacy in the context of reconstruction of central neighbourhoods.
Conclusions. The article shows the features of the Yaroslavl architecture at each stage, and conclusions are made about the extent and nature of influence produced by the Moscow and Leningrad schools. There are unique approaches to the compositional organization of residential quarters built both on vacant land plots and in the central neighbourhoods of the city that accommodates a valuable historical heritage.
A research into sorption properties of peat briquettes used to remove ions of cadmium, lead and copper from wastewaters
Authors: Zhytsianiou Barys N. , Hurynovich Anatoli D. , Sianchuk Darya D. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction. At present, the following areas are the subject of intensive research: methods for removing such toxic metals as cadmium, lead, copper, etc. from wastewaters, namely, using new composite sorbents for this purpose; improvement of ion exchange treatment and, for example, sedimentation of sulphides or oxalates; wood ash sorption; biosorption onto plants. It is a future-oriented trend to use peat as a sorbent in a wastewater treatment technology. Extensive peat deposits in the Republic of Belarus can contribute to production of cheap, environmentally friendly sorbents made of modified peat briquettes. The mission of this work is to study the sorption properties of peat briquettes used to remove cadmium, lead and copper ions from wastewater.
Materials and methods. Physicochemical, technological, mathematical methods are employed.
Results. The co-authors studied the kinetics of cadmium Cd+2, lead Pb+2, and copper Cu+2 ions sorption onto peat briquettes. They identified that the bigger the grain of peat briquettes, the less efficient the sorption. The sorption process is intensive: it takes cadmium Cd+2, lead Pb+2, and copper Cu+2 ions five minutes to get extracted from the solution; extraction efficiency reaches 91.11; 96.96 and 88.39 %, respectively. 20 minutes is enough to reach degree of equilibrium F = 0.98 for cadmium Cd+2 and lead Pb+2 and F = 0.96 for copper Cu+2. F is equal to 0.99 for all ions in 40 minutes. The multiplicity of extraction, or the ratio of initial concentration to equilibrium concentration reaches 114 for cadmium ions Cd+2, 162 for lead ions Pb+2, and 93 for copper ions Cu+2. In case of saturation, sorption capacity reaches the following values: Сd+2 — 0,0778 mmol/g (8.75 mg/g), Pb+2 — 0.8205 mmol/g (170.00 mg/g), Cu+2 — 2.707 mmol/g (172 mg/g). The co-authors used equations of diffusion and chemical kinetics to establish that the sorption process proceeds in the diffusion mode, and the stage of chemical interaction of metal ions with functional groups of peat contributes to the overall velocity of the process.
Conclusions. Peat briquettes represent an effective sorbent used to remove cadmium Cd+2, lead Pb+2, and copper Cu+2 ions from wastewater. The sorption process is almost over in 20 minutes.
World experience and development prospects of mechanization scheme of nuclear power plants construction
Authors: Voronkov Ivan E. , Ovinkin Nikita V. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Improvement of construction methods for the main structures of nuclear power plants (NPP) is impossible without updating the old and developing fundamentally new schemes for mechanization of construction production. Based on the analysis of world experience in using various types of lifting mechanisms at NPP construction sites, it is proposed to assess the current state and perspective for the development of organizational and technological approaches to the development of effective mechanization of construction production in the construction of atomic energy facilities.
Materials and methods. Review of domestic and world (UK, USA, Japan) experience in NPP construction allows us to assert that despite the technological and organizational and managerial difficulties, the construction of NPP power units by enlarged units of high factory readiness still remains promising and feasible. The implementation of this approach involves the design and manufacture of unique hoisting mechanisms, the most popular of which are currently crawler or rail-mounted mast cranes. At the same time, the experience of constructing nuclear power plants of the USSR and Great Britain using gantry cranes was undeservedly forgotten.
Results. The performed comparative analysis of the applicability of tower, mast and bridge (gantry) types of cranes allows us to recognize the high complexity of using gantry cranes in the construction of NPPs and the structural limitations of other types of cranes. The main disadvantages of gantry cranes lie in their use of a rail track, the replacement of which with a pneumatic-wheeled chassis, which has undergone significant development in the last 20 years, can open up new perspective for the reengineering of previously used mechanization schemes for NPP construction.
Conclusions. Using main lifting mechanism of an overhead crane equipped with a pneumatic wheel chassis in the construction of nuclear power becomes one of the most promising options in the development of nuclear energy construction. The development and implementation of new schemes for the mechanization of construction production based on experience and advanced technologies in mechanical engineering can provide a qualitative improvement of the ongoing investment and construction activities in the field of nuclear energy.
KARAKTERISTIK SIFAT FISIK DAN KETAHANAN TERHADAP MINYAK DARI KARET ALAM EPOKSI
Authors: Handayani Hani , Faturrohman Mohammad Irfan , Kuncoro Indria 
Published: December 2020

Karet alam Hevea brasiliensis merupakan suatu polimer alam yang memiliki sifat redaman yang baik dan elastisitas yang tinggi. Namun karena karet alam bersifat non polar menyebabkan karet alam tidak tahan terhadap minyak. Epoksidasi ikatan rangkap dari molekul karet alam merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan kepolaran molekul karet tersebut. Dengan demikian ketahanan terhadap minyak dan beberapa sifat fisika lainnya akan meningkat pula. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik sifat fisik dan ketahanan minyak dari karet ENR-50 (yakni karet epoksi dengan kandungan epoksida 50%) yang telah berhasil disintesis dari lateks pekat secara insitu menggunakan asam performat yang dihasilkan dari hidrogen peroksida dan asam format. Reaksi berlangsung pada suhu 60°C selama 24 jam dengan dosis hidrogen peroksida sebesar 9 mol/mol unit isoprena dan perbandingan mol antara asam format dengan hidrogen peroksida sebesar 0,1875. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa karet epoksi yang telah dibuat memiliki sifat fisik lebih baik dibandingkan dengan karet sintetik NBR. Akan tetapi ketahanannya terhadap minyak masih kurang dibandingkan NBR baik di dalam oli mesin maupun oli rem. How to Cite : Handayani, H., Faturrohman, M. I., & Kuncoro, I. (2011). Karakteristik sifat fisik dan ketahanan terhadap minyak dari karet alam epoksi. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 29(1), 49-62. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/111
STUDI KINETIKA SIKLISASI KARET ALAM DENGAN KATALISATOR ASAM SULFAT
Authors: Prastanto Henry , Rochmadi Rochmadi , Hidayat Muslikhin 
Published: December 2020

Karet alam siklis (CNR) adalah resin pengeras dan pengkaku karet yang dapat dibuat dari lateks karet alam dengan katalis asam. CNR berpotensi menggantikan High Styrene Resin (HSR) yang merupakan produk turunan minyak bumi sehingga penggunaan CNR akan meningkatkan nilai tambah karet alam. Penelitian siklisasi lateks karet alam dengan katalis asam sulfat ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kinetika reaksi siklisasi lateks karet alam dan nilai konstanta kecepatan reaksi siklisasi (k). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknologi Polimer, Jurusan Teknik Kimia Universitas Gadjah Mada. Lateks karet alam dicampur dengan surfaktan dan asam sulfat. Rasio massa asam sulfat terhadap massa lateks pekat karet alam (60%) adalah 1,1; 1,2; 1,3 dan 1,4, sedangkan suhu operasi yang digunakan adalah 85 dan 950C. Sampel diambil dengan interval waktu 15 menit dengan waktu reaksi sampai 2 jam. Selanjutnya sampel digumpalkan, dicuci, disaring dan dikeringkan. Sampel kemudian dianalisis konsentrasi ikatan rangkapnya yang ditunjukkan dengan bilangan iodnya. Analisis bilangan iodnya dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode larutan Wijs. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, rasio massa asam sulfat terhadap lateks pekat agar dapat menghasilkan CNR adalah minimal 1,2:1. Konstanta kecepatan reaksi protonasi (k1) akan semakin besar dengan kenaikan rasio massa asam sulfat terhadap massa lateks. Nilai k2 dan k4 ternyata juga semakin besar dengan kenaikan rasio sehingga selain sebagai reaktan H+ juga berfungsi sebagai katalis. How to Cite : Prastanto, H., Rochmadi, R., & Hidayat, M. (2011). Studi kinetika siklisasi karet alam dengan katalisator asam sulfat. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 29(1), 63-75. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/112
EVALUASI TINGKAT ADOPSI KLON UNGGUL DI TINGKAT PETANI KARET PROPINSI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Syarifa Lina Fatayati , Agustina Dwi Shinta , Nancy Cicilia , Supriadi Muhammad 
Published: December 2020

Sekalipun total ekspor karet alam Sumatera Selatan meningkat pesat, permasalahan klasik yang masih sering terdengar bahwa produktivitas di perkebunan rakyat masih rendah. Rendahnya produktivitas perkebunan karet di Indonesia dipengaruhi beberapa faktor, diantaranya adalah tingkat penggunaan bibit karet klonal di tingkat petani karet yang masih rendah (±40%). Berbagai manfaat strategis telah diperoleh dari adanya proyek-proyek pengembangan karet rakyat terdahulu, karena itu perlu dianalisis mengenai seberapa besar perkembangan pengetahuan dan adopsi petani terhadap teknologi karet maju khususnya penggunaan klon karet unggul. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui tingkat adopsi klon unggul berdasarkan jenis klon. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei dengan memilih sampel secara purposive, yaitu daerah-daerah yang merupakan sentra karet. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui metode Focus Group Discussion (FGD) yang melibatkan perangkat-perangkat desa dan diikuti wawancara dengan petani. Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa tingkat adopsi klon karet pada daerah-daerah yang dijadikan sample di Sumatera Selatan telah mencapai 59,2% dari rata-rata areal tanaman karet yang ada. Pada tahun tanam 2010, tingkat adopsi klon mencapai 67% dari rata-rata penanaman swadaya per tahun. Jenis klon yang paling banyak dikenal dan diminati oleh petani adalah PB 260 (83%). Diterima : 14 Maret 2012; Disetujui : 16 Juli 2012How to Cite : Syarifa, L.F., Agustina, D. S, Nancy, C., & Supriadi, M. (2012). evaluasi tingkat adopsi klon unggul di tingkat petani karet Propinsi Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 30(1), 12-22. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/118