bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large‐scale zone‐based evacuation planning, Part II: Macroscopic and microscopic evaluations
Authors: Hasan Mohd. Hafiz , Van Hentenryck Pascal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA companion paper introduces models and algorithms for large‐scale zone‐based evacuation planning in which each evacuation zone is assigned a path to safety and a departure time. It also shows how to combine zone‐based evacuations with contraflows and impose additional path‐convergence and nonpreemptive constraints. This paper evaluates these algorithms on a real, large‐scale case study, both from a macroscopic standpoint and through microscopic simulations under a variety of assumptions. The results quantify, for the first time, the benefits and limitations of contraflows, convergent plans, and nonpreemption, providing unique perspectives on how to deploy these algorithms in practice. They also highlight the approaches best suited to capture each of these design features and the computational burden they impose. The paper also suggests new directions for future research in zone‐based evacuation planning and beyond in order to address the fundamental challenges by emergency services around the world.
Extending interior‐point methods to nonlinear second‐order cone programming: Application to finite‐strain elastoplasticity
Authors: El Boustani Chadi , Bleyer Jeremy , Arquier Mathieu , Sab Karam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInterior‐point methods (IPMs) are well suited for solving convex nonsmooth optimization problems which arise for instance in problems involving plasticity or contact conditions. This work attempts at extending their field of application to optimization problems involving either smooth but nonconvex or nonsmooth but convex objectives or constraints. A typical application for such kind of problems is finite‐strain elastoplasticity which we address using a total Lagrangian formulation based on logarithmic strain measures. The proposed interior‐point algorithm is implemented and tested on 3D examples involving plastic collapse and geometrical changes. Comparison with classical, Newton‐Raphson/return mapping methods show that the IPM exhibits good computational performance, especially in terms of convergence robustness. Similar to what is observed for convex small‐strain plasticity, the IPM is able to converge for much larger load steps than classical methods.
An efficient numerical approach to solve a class of variable‐order fractional integro‐partial differential equations
Authors: Babaei Afshin , Banihashemi Seddigheh , Cattani Carlo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe main purpose of this work is to investigate an initial boundary value problem related to a suitable class of variable order fractional integro‐partial differential equations with a weakly singular kernel. To discretize the problem in the time direction, a finite difference method will be used. Then, the Sinc‐collocation approach combined with the double exponential transformation is employed to solve the problem in each time level. The proposed numerical algorithm is completely described and the convergence analysis of the numerical solution is presented. Finally, some illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the pertinent features of the proposed algorithm.
Singular solutions of the Poisson equation at edges of three‐dimensional domains and their treatment with a predictor–corrector finite element method
Authors: Nkemzi Boniface , Jung Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSolutions of boundary value problems in three‐dimensional domains with edges may exhibit singularities which are known to influence both the accuracy of the finite element solutions and the rate of convergence in the error estimates. This paper considers boundary value problems for the Poisson equation on typical domains Ω ⊂ ℝ3 with edge singularities and presents, on the one hand, explicit computational formulas for the flux intensity functions. On the other hand, it proposes and analyzes a nonconforming finite element method on regular meshes for the efficient treatment of the singularities. The novelty of the present method is the use of the explicit formulas for the flux intensity functions in defining a postprocessing procedure in the finite element approximation of the solution. A priori error estimates in H1(Ω) show that the present algorithm exhibits the same rate of convergence as it is known for problems with regular solutions.
Collocation method for solving nonlinear fractional optimal control problems by using Hermite scaling function with error estimates
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Mehra Mani 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis article presents an efficient numerical method for solving fractional optimal control problems (FOCPs) by utilizing the Hermite scaling function operational matrix of fractional‐order integration. The proposed technique is applied to transform the state and control variables into nonlinear programming (NLP) parameters at collocation points. The NLP solver is then used to solve FOCP. Furthermore, the L2‐error estimates in the approximation of unknown variables and the approximation of block pulse operational matrix of fractional‐order integration are derived and illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. Moreover, the results are compared with the Haar wavelet collocation method, hybrid of block‐pulse and Taylor polynomials method, Bernstein polynomials method, and the Boubaker hybrid function method to show the superiority of the proposed method.
Modulation in polymer properties in PVDF/BCZT composites with ceramic content and their energy density capabilities
Authors: Garg Tarun , Annapureddy Venkateswarlu , Sekhar K. C. , Jeong Dae‐Yong , Dabra Navneet , Hundal Jasbir S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe lead‐free 0.5((Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3)‐0.5(Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8))O3(BCZT) piezoceramics were synthesized using sol‐gel method. The Rietveld analysis of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) data and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies of as‐synthesized BCZT powder suggests the co‐existence of ferroelectric orthorhombic (O) and tetragonal (T) phases at room temperature (RT). The value of curie temperature (TT‐C) as depicted from DSC and dielectric studies was found to be ≈ 110°C. The BCZT ceramic particles were dispersed in the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix, an electroactive polymer with great ferro/piezoelectric response in its distinct β and γ phases, to form ferroelectric ceramic‐polymer composites for their applications in flexible energy storage capacitors. The present work reports the Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), XRD, dielectric, ferroelectric, and energy density properties of PVDF/BCZT composite films having different wt% of BCZT content fabricated by the solution‐cast technique. The FTIR and XRD studies depict the γ‐PVDF and pure BCZT phases in composite films. The dielectric studies estimated the relative permittivity (εr) of a composite film with 50 wt% of BCZT content to be ≈ 31 (at 120 Hz) which was about three times as compared with that of pure PVDF. The dielectric loss (tan δ) was maximum ≈ 0.15 (at 120 Hz) for 50 wt% BCZT composition. The ferroelectric studies and energy storage calculations showed that the value of remnant polarization (Pr), coercive field (Ec) and energy storage density (W) attain the maximum value of 0.63 μC/cm2, 21.20 kV/cm, and 70.46 mJ/cm3, respectively for the film sample having 40 wt% BCZT content. The maximum energy storage efficiency, η (%) is calculated to be ≈ 60 for 50 wt% BCZT composition. The results indicated that the incorporation of BCZT particles in the PVDF matrix improved the overall polarization (polar and interfacial) which enhance the electric properties of composite films. The ferroelectric studies with temperature revealed the PVDF/BCZT composition‐dependent polymer or ceramic dominance in the behavior of composite films. With the maximum value of relative permittivity (εr) and energy storage efficiency (η), the PVDF/BCZT composition with 50 wt% of BCZT content has been optimized for applications in flexible energy storage capacitors.
Monitoring of resin flow front and degree of cure in vacuum‐assisted resin infusion process using multifunctional piezoelectric sensor network
Authors: Liu Xiao , Li Yukun , Zhu Jianjian , Wang Yishou , Qing Xinlin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVacuum assisted resin infusion (VARI) has attracted more and more attentions in the aerospace field and the monitoring of the process variables has been one of the milestones for most aerospace companies. This study focuses on monitoring the flow front and curing degree of the resin in‐suit using a piezoelectric (PZT) sensor network. In the resin transfer stage, the propagation characteristics of Lamb waves were extracted from different paths to characterize the resin flow front, and the quadratic regression models of three variables were established. In the resin cure stage, the leaky Lamb waves and electromechanical impedance based on PZT sensors were simultaneously adopted to monitor the degree of cure of the resin globally and locally, respectively. The differential scanning calorimeter analysis was carried to see the compatibility among different methods for the curing degree. Experimental results demonstrated that it was feasible to monitor the flow front and curing degree of resin in VARI process using Lamb waves and electromechanical impedance based on a multifunctional piezoelectric sensor network.
EEG activity for semantic task in paranoid schizophrenia
Authors: Garakh Zhanna , Larionova Ekaterina , Zaytseva Yuliya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe identified a potential neurophysiological marker for processing of verbal cues in paranoid schizophrenia: high desynchronization in the beta‐2 band in the right parietal area for meaningless cues, and no synchronization differences in the beta‐2 and gamma bands in the left prefrontal area pointing to deficient categorization of the stimuli.
Registration of Revolute‐Leaf peanut genetic stock
Authors: Brown Nino , Branch William D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA single Revolute‐Leaf mutant peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea L.) (Reg. no. GS‐12, PI 693753) was identified in 2012 within a preliminary yield trial plot of GA 112702, an unreleased runner‐type breeding line, at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plains Experiment Station's Gibbs Research Farm in Tifton, GA. Revolute‐Leaf mutants have not been previously identified in the parental lines of GA 112702, which was developed from a cross between ‘Georgia‐06G’ and GA 032913, an unreleased breeding line, thus it is presumed to be a spontaneous mutation. The mutation results in leaf margins having a pronounced downward curl, lighter green foliage color, and a small, compact plant structure. The phenotype is readily apparent 3–4 wk after planting, and is controlled by a single gene with dominant inheritance (Rev). Mutations such as Revolute‐Leaf that are easily distinguished and exhibit dominant inheritance are useful tools for measuring outcrossing in the field, delineating field border plots, and for studying the biochemical, physiological, or genetic aspects of leaf shape and development.
Lung ultrasound score and diuretics in preterm infants born before 32 weeks: A pilot study
Authors: Alonso‐Ojembarrena Almudena , Lechuga‐Sancho Alfonso María , Morales‐Arandojo Patricia , Acuñas‐Soto Silvia , López‐de‐Francisco Rosa , Lubián‐López Simón Pedro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe if weekly determined lung ultrasound (LU) scores in preterm infants born before 32 weeks (PTB32W) change with diuretic therapy.DesignWe included infants who received diuretics and compared LU scores according to their evolution on respiratory support (RS) before and after diuretics.ResultsWe included 18 PTB32W divided into two groups. Both groups were similar in terms of median gestational age: 26 weeks (interquartile range [IQR]: 25–28) in the responders' group and 27 weeks (IQR: 24–28) in the other. They differed, however, in the median number of days on invasive mechanical ventilation: 27 (IQR: 11–43) versus 76 (IQR: 35–117), p = .03; in addition to the number of infants with moderate‐severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia: 3 (33%) versus 8 (89%), p = .025.The responders' group showed lower LU scores 2 days after diuretics, with a median LU score of 6 (IQR: 3–12) versus 14 (IQR: 12–17) in the nonresponders group, p = .03; 1 week after (3 [IQR: 0–10] versus 12 [12–12], p = .04); and 3 weeks after (5 [IQR: 3–6] versus 12 [10–15], p = .01). RS also decreased at the same time: 7 out of 9 (78%) were extubated in the responders' group, and 1 out of 9 (11%) in the nonresponders group, p = .02, and these differences remained throughout the entire follow‐up.ConclusionsThere is a group of PTB32W patients whose LU score improves after diuretics. This change appears only in those patients that can be weaned off from RS, and at the same period of time as the administration of diuretics.
Performance of Magnesium, Mg‐Al Alloy and Silicon in Thermobaric Explosives – A Comparison to Aluminium
Authors: Cudziło Stanisław , Trzciński Waldemar A. , Paszula Józef , Szala Mateusz , Chyłek Zbigniew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA direct comparison is made between the effectiveness of Al, Mg, their alloy (Al3Mg4), and Si powders as additional fuels in explosives using the thermobaric effect. The experiment produced calorimetric measurements of the detonation heat and a record of the overpressure histories which were used to determine the quasistatic pressure (QSP) in an explosion chamber after the detonation of charges from mixtures containing 30 % fuel and 70 % RDX passivated with wax. The measured heat values indicate that Al−Mg alloy is a more effective additional fuel during anaerobic post‐detonation reactions than Al and Mg separately. Silicon also exothermically reacts with the detonation products, but the released heat only compensates for the lower amount of RDX in the charge. Similar to the calorimetric measurements, the lowest value of QSP was obtained for the mixture with Si powder. In contrast to anaerobic conditions, silicon proved to be an equally effective thermobaric additive as Al, Mg, and Al−Mg powders in air explosions.
Effectiveness of inspiratory muscle training on respiratory fitness and breathlessness in chronic renal failure: A randomized control trial
Authors: Yuenyongchaiwat Kornanong , Namdang Phuwarin , Vasinsarunkul Phatsara , Phongsukree Phoomipat , Chaturattanachaiyaporn Kodchaphan , Pairojkittrakul Sasipim , Traitanon Opas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeople with chronic renal failure (CRF) show decreased respiratory fitness and poor quality of life (QOL). Exercise during hemodialysis has been suggested to improve the cardio‐respiratory fitness. However, results of effects of respiratory muscle (RM) training on respiratory fitness and QOL are inconsistent. In addition, very few studies explored the association between inspiratory muscle (IM) training and sensation of breathlessness.ObjectivesTo examine the effects of IM training in hemodialysis patients on respiratory fitness QOL and breathlessness.MethodA randomized control trial with 50 CRF, who underwent hemodialysis (25 individuals in each group; IM training and sham group) was designed. Pulmonary function, RM strength, QOL (measured by Kidney Disease Quality of Life‐36), and sensation of breathlessness were measured before and after an 8‐week intervention.ResultsCompared to the sham group, the IM strength increased in the intervention group after an 8‐week program (Δ25.92 ± 8.73 cmH2O, p = 0.005). Significantly increased IM and forced vital capacity values in training groups was observed after an 8‐week intervention (Δ12.44 ± 3.07 cmH2O and Δ0.097 ± 0.046 L, respectively), but not the sham group. Neither, the training group, nor the sham group were significantly different in the QOL. However, feeling of shortness of breath improved after the training program among inspiratory muscle training group, but not the sham group.ConclusionIM training during hemodialysis could lead to an improvement of respiratory fitness and reduce breathlessness in people with CRF who are receiving hemodialysis. However, QOL was not different after the training program. The study suggests that after 8‐week intervention program, IM training (loading exercise) could improve IM strength, pulmonary function without any complications during the intervention program within 1–2 h.
UV Shadows in EFTs: Accidental Symmetries, Robustness and No‐Scale Supergravity
Authors: Burgess C. P. , Cicoli M. , Ciupke D. , Krippendorf S. , Quevedo F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe argue that accidental approximate scaling symmetries are robust predictions of weakly coupled string vacua, and show that their interplay with supersymmetry and other (generalised) internal symmetries underlies the ubiquitous appearance of no‐scale supergravities in low‐energy 4D EFTs. We identify 4 nested types of no‐scale supergravities, and show how leading quantum corrections can break scale invariance while preserving some no‐scale properties (including non‐supersymmetric flat directions). We use these ideas to classify corrections to the low‐energy 4D supergravity action in perturbative 10D string vacua, including both bulk and brane contributions. Our prediction for the Kähler potential at any fixed order in and string loops agrees with all extant calculations. p‐form fields play two important roles: they spawn many (generalised) shift symmetries; and space‐filling 4‐forms teach 4D physics about higher‐dimensional phenomena like flux quantisation. We argue that these robust symmetry arguments suffice to understand obstructions to finding classical de Sitter vacua, and suggest how to get around them in UV complete models.
Comparing direct acting antivirals for hepatitis C using observational data – Why and how?
Authors: Young Jim , Wong Stanley , Janjua Naveed Z. , Klein Marina B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe World Health Organisation's goal of hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination by 2030 will require lower drug prices. Estimates of comparative efficacy promote competition between pharmaceutical companies but direct acting antivirals have been approved for the treatment of HCV without comparative trials. We emulated a randomized trial to answer the question of whether easy to treat patients with genotype 1 HCV could be treated with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (SOF/LDV) rather than sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL). Patients without comorbidities or end stage liver disease were selected from the British Colombia Hepatitis Testers Cohort. To create a conceptual trial, we matched each patient starting SOF/VEL (a ‘case’) to the patient starting SOF/LDV with the closest propensity score (a ‘control’). We estimated the probability of treatment failure under a Bayesian logistic model with a random effect for each case‐control set and used that model to give an estimate of a risk difference for the conceptual trial. Treatment failure was recorded for 27 of 825 (3%) cases and for 29 of 602 (5%) matched controls. Estimates from our model were treatment success rates of 97% (95% credible interval, CrI, 95%‐98%) for treatment with SOF/VEL, 95% (95% CrI 93%‐97%) for treatment with SOF/LDV and a risk difference between treatments of 2% (95% CrI 0%‐4%). This risk difference is evidence that SOF/LDV is not inferior to SOF/VEL for easy to treat patients with genotype 1 HCV. The approach is a template for comparing drugs when there are no data from comparative trials.
Vapor explosion in steel mill industries: Chemical composition analysis on molten slag and coolant
Authors: Cho Young‐Jae , Park Woojung , Chae Seung Un , Yun Hong‐Sik , Yoon Hyoung‐Uk , Bong Sungyool 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is important to prevent vapor explosion for steel mill industries for the reason that explosions can produce overpressure which cause buildings and facilities to rupture. The spontaneous vapor explosion occurs when a molten slag contacts with coolant. In this research, the molten slag which includes more than 10 chemical compositions produced in actual steel mill industries is employed. Three types of coolant were employed which can be used in real industries such as tap water, freshwater, and yard coolant. Spontaneous vapor explosion occurred when the yard coolant, which has a higher concentration of salt than either tap water or freshwater, was used as coolant. When the vapor explosion occurred, the temperature of the yard coolant was exclusively investigated in the range of 40°C to 55°C. The vapor explosion was independent of the molten slag temperatures employed. The vapor explosion in this work was attributed to the high salt concentration of the yard coolant, which improved the heat transfer to the vapor film around the molten slag droplet. The heat transfer promoted the vapor film to collapse and triggered the spontaneous vapor explosion.
ABC transporter mutations in Cry1F‐resistant fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) do not result in altered susceptibility to selected small molecule pesticides
Authors: Abdelgaffar Heba , Perera Omaththage P , Jurat‐Fuentes Juan Luis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDTransgenic crops producing Cry and Vip3 insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis provide effective control of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith. However, cases of practical S. frugiperda resistance to transgenic corn producing Cry1F, Cry1Ab and Cry1A.105 proteins have been reported in the Western hemisphere. Importantly, S. frugiperda resistance to Cry1F corn in Puerto Rico was previously associated with lower susceptibility to synthetic pesticides. When characterized, resistance to transgenic corn in S. frugiperda involved alterations in an ABC transporter subfamily C2 (SfABCC2) gene. The main goal of this work was to test the role of mutations in SfABCC2 that result in resistance to Cry1F in susceptibility to synthetic and semisynthetic small molecule pesticides.RESULTSMarginal but significantly reduced susceptibility to bifenthrin and increased susceptibility to spinetoram was detected in a Cry1F‐resitant S. frugiperda strain from Puerto Rico carrying a frameshift mutation in the SfABCC2 gene. Gene editing by CRISPR/Cas9 created a SfABCC2 knockout in a laboratory reference S. frugiperda strain. When compared to the parental reference, the knockout strain displayed 25‐fold resistance to Cry1F but no alteration in susceptibility to small molecule pesticides.CONCLUSIONThese results support that resistance to Cry1F due to mutations in the SfABCC2 gene do not affect susceptibility to the tested small molecule pesticides.