bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dust Deposited on Snow Cover in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, 2011–2016: Compositional Variability Bearing on Snow‐Melt Effects
Authors: Reynolds Richard L. , Goldstein Harland L. , Moskowitz Bruce M. , Kokaly Raymond F. , Munson Seth M. , Solheid Peat , Breit George N. , Lawrence Corey R. , Derry Jeff 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLight‐absorbing particles in atmospheric dust deposited on snow cover (dust‐on‐snow, DOS) diminish albedo and accelerate the timing and rate of snow melt. Identification of these particles and their effects is relevant to snow‐radiation modeling and water‐resource management. Laboratory‐measured reflectance of DOS samples from the San Juan Mountains (USA) were compared with DOS mass loading, particle sizes, iron mineralogy, carbonaceous matter type and content, and chemical compositions. Samples were collected each spring for water years 2011–2016, when individual dust layers had merged into one (all layers merged) at the snow surface. Average reflectance values of the six samples were 0.2153 (sd, 0.0331) across the visible wavelength region (0.4–0.7 μm) and 0.3570 (sd, 0.0498) over the full‐measurement range (0.4–2.50 μm). Reflectance values correlated inversely to concentrations of ferric oxide, organic carbon (1.4–10 wt.%), magnetite (0.05–0.13 wt.%), and silt (PM63‐3.9; median grain sizes averaged 21.4 μm) but lacked correspondence to total iron and PM10 contents. Measurements of reflectance and Mössbauer spectra and magnetic properties indicated that microcrystalline hematite and nano‐size goethite were primarily responsible for diminished visible reflectance. Positive correlations between organic carbon and metals attributed to fossil‐fuel combustion, with observations from electron microscopy, indicated that some carbonaceous matter occurred as black carbon. Magnetite was a surrogate for related light‐absorbing minerals, dark rock particles, and contaminants. Similar analyses of DOS from other areas would help evaluate the influences of varied dust sources, wind‐storm patterns, and anthropogenic inputs on snow melt and water resources in and beyond the Colorado River Basin.
A Lacustrine Paleoenvironment Recorded at Vera RubinRidge, Gale Crater: Overview of the Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Observed by the Mars ScienceLaboratory Curiosity Rover
Authors: Edgar L. A. , Fedo C. M. , Gupta S. , Banham S. G. , Fraeman A. A. , Grotzinger J. P. , Stack K. M. , Stein N. T. , Bennett K. A. , Rivera‐Hernández F. , Sun V.Z. , Edgett K. S. , Rubin D. M. , House C. , Van Beek J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor ~500 Martian solar days (sols), the Mars Science Laboratory team explored Vera Rubin ridge (VRR), a topographic feature on the northwest slope of Aeolis Mons. Here we review the sedimentary facies and stratigraphy observed during sols 1,800–2,300, covering more than 100 m of stratigraphic thickness. Curiosity's traverse includes two transects across the ridge, which enables investigation of lateral variability over a distance of ~300 m. Three informally named stratigraphic members of the Murray formation are described: Blunts Point, Pettegrove Point, and Jura, with the latter two exposed on VRR. The Blunts Point member, exposed just below the ridge, is characterized by a recessive, fine‐grained facies that exhibits extensive planar lamination and is crosscut by abundant curvi‐planar veins. The Pettegrove Point member is more resistant, fine‐grained, thinly planar laminated, and contains a higher abundance of diagenetic concretions. Conformable above the Pettegrove Point member is the Jura member, which is also fine‐grained and parallel stratified, but is marked by a distinct step in topography, which coincides with localized meter‐scale inclined strata, a thinly and thickly laminated facies, and occasional crystal molds. All members record low‐energy lacustrine deposition, consistent with prior observations of the Murray formation. Uncommon outcrops of low‐angle stratification suggest possible subaqueous currents, and steeply inclined beds may be the result of slumping. Collectively, the rocks exposed at VRR provide additional evidence for a long‐lived lacustrine environment (in excess of 106 years via comparison to terrestrial records of sedimentation), which extends our understanding of the duration of habitable conditions in Gale crater.
Evaluation of Rain Microphysics Using a Radar Simulator and Numerical Models: Comparison of Two‐Moment Bulk and Spectral Bin Cloud Microphysics Schemes
Authors: Kuba Naomi , Seiki Tatsuya , Suzuki Kentaroh , Roh Woosub , Satoh Masaki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study extended a method to evaluate rain microphysics in a shallow cumulus regime using space‐borne radar observational data with a forward simulator of satellite measurements. We compared a two‐moment bulk scheme with a two‐moment bin scheme. A dynamic‐kinematic model was used to isolate cloud microphysics processes from their interactions with dynamics. The relationship between horizontally averaged reflectivity Zm and optical depth from the cloud top τd, that is, the Zm‐τd relationship, was similar between the bulk and the bin schemes for clouds with large updraft velocity and clean cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). However, the differences in the Zm‐τd relationship between the two schemes became more apparent for clouds with smaller updraft velocity or polluted CCN. For these clouds, the differences resulted from differences in the autoconversion rate. We increased the autoconversion rate by decreasing the shape parameter of the cloud droplet size distribution in the bulk scheme. This reduced the differences in the Zm‐τd relationship between the two schemes, indicating that for these clouds, the autoconversion rate of a cloud microphysics scheme can be evaluated by the Zm‐τd relationship derived from satellite observations. Although the clouds with the smaller updraft velocity or the polluted CCN did not contribute to the rainfall amount significantly, the lifetime of these clouds greatly affected the radiation budget. Thus, the improvement in the autoconversion rate for such weak cumulus clouds provides a better representation of precipitation efficiency and is important for global climate evaluations.
History of Subduction Polarity Reversal During Arc‐Continent Collision: Constraints From the Andaman Ophiolite and its Metamorphic Sole
Authors: Plunder Alexis , Bandyopadhyay Debaditya , Ganerød Morgan , Advokaat Eldert L. , Ghosh Biswajit , Bandopadhyay Pinaki , van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSubduction polarity reversal during arc‐continent collision has been proposed as a key mechanism to initiate new subduction zones. Despite often interpreted, well‐exposed geological record that document the reversal is sparse. The ophiolitic lithounits of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands have been proposed to have formed during the initiation of a new subduction zone following the collision of the Woyla Arc of Sumatra with Sundaland (Eurasia). We here present new field, petrological and geochronological data to evaluate the timing of the initiation of Andaman subduction. We targeted the previously inferred but unstudied metamorphic sole of the Andaman ophiolites that witnessed juvenile subduction. Thermodynamic modeling reveals that the exposed amphibolites of the sole formed at around 0.9 GPa and 675 °C. We dated two samples of the metamorphic sole using the Ar/Ar method on amphibole, giving cooling ages of 106.4 ± 2.1 and 105.3 ± 1.6 Ma. This is similar to published ages from plagioclase xenocrysts in recent Barren Island volcanics and in zircons from a gabbro sample from the Andaman ophiolite, which we interpret as the age of the original ophiolite formation. The Ar/Ar ages are considerably older than arc magmatic gabbros and plagiogranites of the overlying ophiolite previously dated at 99–93 Ma and thought to reflect the ophiolite age but recently reinterpreted as a volcanic arc built on the ophiolite. Combined with the ages of Woyla‐Sundaland collision, we argue that subduction polarity reversal occurred in a transient period of perhaps some 10 Myr, similar to recent settings.
Vimentin prevents a miR-dependent negative regulation of tissue factor mRNA during epithelial–mesenchymal transitions and facilitates early metastasis
Authors: Francart Marie-Emilie , Vanwynsberghe Aline M. , Lambert Justine , Bourcy Morgane , Genna Anthony , Ancel Julien , Perez-Boza Jennifer , Noël Agnès , Birembaut Philippe , Struman Ingrid , Polette Myriam , Gilles Christine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEpithelial–mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) are high-profile in the field of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). EMT-shifted CTCs are considered to encompass pre-metastatic subpopulations though underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Our previous work identified tissue factor (TF) as an EMT-induced gene providing tumor cells with coagulant properties and supporting metastatic colonization by CTCs. We here report that vimentin, the type III intermediate filament considered a canonical EMT marker, contributes to TF regulation and positively supports coagulant properties and early metastasis. Different evidence further pointed to a new post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism of TF mRNA by vimentin: (1) vimentin silencing accelerated TF mRNA decay after actinomycin D treatment, reflecting TF mRNA stabilization, (2) RNA immunoprecipitation revealed enriched levels of TF mRNA in vimentin immunoprecipitate, (3) TF 3′-UTR-luciferase reporter vector assays implicated the 3′-UTR of TF mRNA in vimentin-dependent TF regulation, and (4) using different TF 3′UTR-luciferase reporter vectors mutated for potential miR binding sites and specific Target Site Blockers identified a key miR binding site in vimentin-dependent TF mRNA regulation. All together, these data support a novel mechanism by which vimentin interferes with a miR-dependent negative regulation of TF mRNA, thereby promoting coagulant activity and early metastasis of vimentin-expressing CTCs.
High-intensity interval training produces a significant improvement in fitness in less than 31 days before surgery for urological cancer: a randomised control trial
Authors: Blackwell J. E. M. , Doleman B. , Boereboom C. L , Morton A. , Williams S. , Atherton P. , Smith K. , Williams J. P. , Phillips B. E. , Lund J. N. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To assess the efficacy of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients awaiting resection for urological malignancy within four weeks.

Subjects/patients and methods
A randomised control trial of consecutive patients aged (>65 years) scheduled for major urological surgery in a large secondary referral centre in a UK hospital. The primary outcome is change in anaerobic threshold (VO2AT) following HIIT vs. standard care.

Results
Forty patients were recruited (mean age 72 years, male (39): female (1)) with 34 completing the protocol. Intention to treat analysis showed significant improvements in anaerobic threshold (VO2AT; mean difference (MD) 2.26 ml/kg/min (95% CI 1.25–3.26)) following HIIT. Blood pressure (BP) also significantly reduced in following: HIIT (SBP: −8.2 mmHg (95% CI −16.09 to −0.29) and DBP: −6.47 mmHg (95% CI −12.56 to −0.38)). No reportable adverse safety events occurred during HIIT and all participants achieved >85% predicted maximum heart rate during sessions, with protocol adherence of 84%.

Conclusions
HIIT can improve CRF and cardiovascular health, representing clinically meaningful and achievable pre-operative improvements. Larger randomised trials are required to investigate the efficacy of prehabilitation HIIT upon different cancer types, post-operative complications, socio-economic impact and long-term survival.
Anti-glypican-1 antibody–drug conjugate is a potential therapy against pancreatic cancer
Authors: Nishigaki Takahiko , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Serada Satoshi , Fujimoto Minoru , Ohkawara Tomoharu , Hara Hisashi , Sugase Takahito , Otsuru Toru , Saito Yurina , Tsujii Shigehiro , Nomura Taisei , Tanaka Koji , Miyazaki Yasuhiro , Makino Tomoki , Kurokawa Yukinori , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Yamasaki Makoto , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro , Naka Tetsuji 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Pancreatic cancer (PDAC) is the most lethal malignancy. New treatment options for it are urgently required. The aim was to develop an antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) targeting glypican-1 (GPC-1) as a new therapy for PDAC.

Methods
We evaluated GPC-1 expression in resected PDAC specimens and PDAC cell lines. We then measured the antitumour effect of anti-GPC-1 monoclonal antibody conjugated with the cytotoxic agent monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF) in vitro and in vivo.

Results
GPC-1 was overexpressed in most primary PDAC cells and tissues. The PDAC cell lines BxPC-3 and T3M-4 strongly expressed GPC-1 relative to SUIT-2 cells. Compared with control ADC, GPC-1-ADC showed a potent antitumour effect against BxPC-3 and T3M-4, but little activity against SUIT-2 cells. In the xenograft and patient-derived tumour models, GPC-1-ADC significantly and potently inhibited tumour growth in a dose-dependent manner. GPC-1-ADC-mediated G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest was detected in the tumour tissues of GPC-1-ADC-treated mice relative to those of control-ADC-treated mice.

Conclusions
GPC-1-ADC showed significant tumour growth inhibition against GPC-1-positive pancreatic cell lines and patient-derived, GPC-1-positive pancreatic cancer tissues. Our preclinical data demonstrated that targeting GPC-1 with ADC is a promising therapy for patients with GPC-1-positive pancreatic cancer.
Cytochrome P450 metabolic resistance (CYP6P9a) to pyrethroids imposes a fitness cost in the major African malaria vector Anopheles funestus
Authors: Tchouakui Magellan , Riveron Miranda Jacob , Mugenzi Leon M. J. , Djonabaye Doumani , Wondji Murielle J. , Tchoupo Micareme , Tchapga Williams , Njiokou Flobert , Wondji Charles S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMetabolic resistance threatens the sustainability of pyrethroid-based malaria control interventions. Elucidating the fitness cost and potential reversal of metabolic resistance is crucial to design suitable resistance management strategies. Here, we deciphered the fitness cost associated with theCYP6P9a(P450-mediated metabolic resistance) in the major African malaria vectorAnopheles funestus. Reciprocal crosses were performed between a pyrethroid susceptible (FANG) and resistant (FUMOZ-R) laboratory strains and the hybrid strains showed intermediate resistance. Genotyping the CYP6P9a-R resistance allele in oviposited females revealed thatCYP6P9anegatively impacts the fecundity as homozygote susceptible mosquitoes (CYP6P9a-SS) lay more eggs than heterozygote (OR = 2.04:P = 0.01) and homozygote resistant mosquitoes.CYP6P9aalso imposes a significant fitness cost on the larval development as homozygote resistant larvae (CYP6P9a-RR) developed significantly slower than heterozygote and homozygote susceptible mosquitoes (χ2 = 11.2;P = 0.0008). This fitness cost was further supported by the late pupation of homozygote resistant than susceptible mosquitoes (OR = 2.50;P < 0.01). However,CYP6P9adoes not impact the longevity as no difference was observed in the life span of mosquitoes with different genotypes (χ2 = 1.6;P = 0.9). In this hybrid strain, a significant decrease of the resistant CYP6P9a-RR genotype was observed after ten generations (χ2 = 6.6;P = 0.01) suggesting a reversal of P450-based resistance in the absence of selection. This study shows that the P450-mediated metabolic resistance imposes a high fitness cost in malaria vectors supporting that a resistance management strategy based on rotation could help mitigate the impact of such resistance.
Whole slide images reflect DNA methylation patterns of human tumors
Authors: Zheng Hong , Momeni Alexandre , Cedoz Pierre-Louis , Vogel Hannes , Gevaert Olivier 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression and its role in carcinogenesis has been extensively studied. High-throughput DNA methylation assays have been used broadly in cancer research. Histopathology images are commonly obtained in cancer treatment, given that tissue sampling remains the clinical gold-standard for diagnosis. In this work, we investigate the interaction between cancer histopathology images and DNA methylation profiles to provide a better understanding of tumor pathobiology at the epigenetic level. We demonstrate that classical machine learning algorithms can associate the DNA methylation profiles of cancer samples with morphometric features extracted from whole slide images. Furthermore, grouping the genes into methylation clusters greatly improves the performance of the models. The well-predicted genes are enriched in key pathways in carcinogenesis including hypoxia in glioma and angiogenesis in renal cell carcinoma. Our results provide new insights into the link between histopathological and molecular data.
Discovery and quantification of a widespread methane ebullition event in a coastal inlet (Baltic Sea) using a novel sonar strategy
Authors: Lohrberg A. , Schmale O. , Ostrovsky I. , Niemann H. , Held P. , Schneider von Deimling J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHow much of the greenhouse gas methane is transported from the seafloor to the atmosphere is unclear. Here, we present data describing an extensive ebullition event that occurred in Eckernförde Bay, a shallow gas-hosting coastal inlet in the Baltic Sea, in the fall of 2014. A weak storm induced hydrostatic pressure fluctuations that in turn stimulated gas ebullition from the seabed. In a finely tuned sonar survey of the bay, we obtained a hydroacoustic dataset with exceptionally high sensitivity for bubble detection. This allowed us to identify 2849 bubble seeps rising within 28 h from the seafloor across the 90 km² study site. Based on our calculations, the estimated bubble-driven episodic methane flux from the seafloor across the bay is 1,900 μMol m−2 d−1. Our study demonstrates that storm-associated fluctuations of hydrostatic pressure induce bulk gas-driven ebullitions. Given the extensive occurrence of shallow gas-hosting sediments in coastal seas, similar ebullition events probably take place in many parts of the Western Baltic Sea. However, these are likely to be missed during field investigations, due to the lack of high-quality data acquisition during storms, such that atmospheric inputs of marine-derived methane will be highly underestimated.
Immuno-OpenPET: a novel approach for early diagnosis and image-guided surgery for small resectable pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yoshii Yukie , Tashima Hideaki , Iwao Yuma , Yoshida Eiji , Wakizaka Hidekatsu , Akamatsu Go , Yamaya Taiga , Matsumoto Hiroki , Yoshimoto Mitsuyoshi , Igarashi Chika , Hihara Fukiko , Tachibana Tomoko , Zhang Ming-Rong , Nagatsu Kotaro , Sugyo Aya , Tsuji Atsushi B. , Higashi Tatsuya 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis owing to difficulties in the diagnosis of resectable PC at early stages. Several clinical studies have indicated that the detection and surgery of small resectable PC (<1 cm) can significantly improve survival; however, imaging diagnosis and accurate resection of small PC remain challenging. Here, we report the feasibility of “immuno-OpenPET” as a novel approach enabling not only early diagnosis but also image-guided surgery, using a small (<1 cm) resectable PC orthotopic xenograft mouse model. For immuno-OpenPET, we utilized our original OpenPET system, which enables high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with depth-of-interaction detectors, as well as real-time image-guided surgery, by arranging the detectors to create an open space for surgery and accelerating the image reconstruction process by graphics processing units. For immuno-OpenPET, 64Cu-labeled anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody cetuximab was intraperitoneally administered into mice. It clearly identified PC tumors ≥3 mm. In contrast, neither OpenPET with intravenous-administered 64Cu-cetuximab nor intraperitoneal/intravenous-administered 18F-FDG (a traditional PET probe) could detect PC in this model. Immuno-OpenPET-guided surgery accurately resected small PC in mice and achieved significantly prolonged survival. This technology could provide a novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for small resectable PC to improve patient survival.
Entropy generation in bioconvection nanofluid flow between two stretchable rotating disks
Authors: Khan Noor Saeed , Shah Qayyum , Bhaumik Amiya , Kumam Poom , Thounthong Phatiphat , Amiri Irajsadegh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBuongiorno’s nanofluid model is followed to study the bioconvection in two stretchable rotating disks with entropy generation. Similarity transformations are used to handle the problem equations for non-dimensionality. For the simulation of the modeled equations, Homotopy Analysis Method is applied. The biothermal system is explored for all the embedded parameters whose effects are shown through different graphs. There exists interesting results due to the effects of different parameters on different profiles. Radial velocity decreases with increasing stretching and magnetic field parameters. Temperature increases with Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters. Nanoparticles concentration decreases on increasing Lewis number and thermophoresis parameter while motile gyrotactic microorganisms profile increases with increasing Lewis and Peclet numbers. Convergence of the solution is found and good agreement is obtained when the results are compared with published work.
A laser pulse impactful on a half-space using the modified TPL G–N models
Authors: Zenkour Ashraf M. , Mashat Daoud S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article aims to investigate the wave propagation of generalized thermoelastic half-plane under the effect of thermal loading due to laser pulse with and without energy dissipation. The normal mode method is proposed to solve the problem and get numerical results for the field quantities. The outcomes of the physical quantities have been illustrated graphically and reported to compare the simple Green–Naghdi II and III and their modified single-, dual-, and three-phase-lag models. The graphical outcomes indicate that the different types of Green–Naghdi models with thermal relaxations have great effects on the temperature, displacements, dilatation and stresses.
Genetic epidemiology of the Alpine ibex reservoir of persistent and virulent brucellosis outbreak
Authors: Quéméré Erwan , Rossi Sophie , Petit Elodie , Marchand Pascal , Merlet Joël , Game Yvette , Galan Maxime , Gilot-Fromont Emmanuelle 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhile it is now broadly accepted that inter-individual variation in the outcomes of host–pathogen interactions is at least partially genetically controlled, host immunogenetic characteristics are rarely investigated in wildlife epidemiological studies. Furthermore, most immunogenetic studies in the wild focused solely on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) diversity despite it accounts for only a fraction of the genetic variation in pathogen resistance. Here, we investigated immunogenetic diversity of the Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) population of the Bargy massif, reservoir of a virulent outbreak of brucellosis. We analysed the polymorphism and associations with disease resistance of the MHC Class II Drb gene and several non-MHC genes (Toll-like receptor genes, Slc11A1) involved in the innate immune response to Brucella in domestic ungulates. We found a very low neutral genetic diversity and a unique MHC Drb haplotype in this population founded few decades ago from a small number of individuals. By contrast, other immunity-related genes have maintained polymorphism and some showed significant associations with the brucellosis infection status hence suggesting a predominant role of pathogen-mediated selection in their recent evolutionary trajectory. Our results highlight the need to monitor immunogenetic variation in wildlife epidemiological studies and to look beyond the MHC.