bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Processes culminating in the 2015 phreatic explosion at Lascar volcano, Chile, evidenced by multiparametric data
Authors: Gaete Ayleen , Walter Thomas R. , Bredemeyer Stefan , Zimmer Martin , Kujawa Christian , Franco Marin Luis , San Martin Juan , Bucarey Parra Claudia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Small steam-driven volcanic explosions are common at volcanoes worldwide but are rarely documented or monitored; therefore, these events still put residents and tourists at risk every year. Steam-driven explosions also occur frequently (once every 2–5 years on average) at Lascar volcano, Chile, where they are often spontaneous and lack any identifiable precursor
activity. Here, for the first time at Lascar, we describe the processes
culminating in such a sudden volcanic explosion that occurred on 30 October 2015, which was thoroughly monitored by cameras, a seismic network, and gas and temperature sensors. Prior to the eruption, we retrospectively identified unrest manifesting as a
gradual increase in the number of long-period (LP) seismic events in 2014,
indicating an enhanced level of activity at the volcano. Additionally,
sulfur dioxide (SO2) flux and thermal anomalies were detected before the eruption. Then, our weather station reported a precipitation event, followed by an increase in steaming and a sudden volcanic explosion at Lascar. The multidisciplinary data exhibited short-term variations associated with the explosion, including (1) an abrupt eruption onset that was seismically
identified in the 1–10 Hz frequency band, (2) the detection of a 1.7 km high white-gray eruption column in camera images, and (3) a pronounced spike in SO2 emission rates reaching 55 kg s−1 during the main pulse of the eruption as measured by a mini-differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) scanner. Continuous carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature measurements conducted at a fumarole on the southern rim of the Lascar crater revealed a pronounced change in the trend of the relationship between the CO2 mixing ratio and the gas outlet temperature; we speculate that this change was associated with the prior precipitation event. An increased thermal anomaly inside the active crater as observed in Sentinel-2 images and drone overflights performed after the steam-driven explosion revealed the presence of a ∼50 m long fracture truncating the floor of the active crater, which coincides well with the location of the thermal anomaly. This study presents the chronology of events culminating in a steam-driven explosion but also demonstrates that phreatic explosions are difficult to predict, even if the volcano is thoroughly monitored; these findings emphasize why ascending to the summits of Lascar and similar volcanoes is hazardous, particularly after considerable precipitation.
Influence of sea-ice anomalies on Antarctic precipitation using source attribution in the Community Earth System Model
Authors: Wang Hailong , Fyke Jeremy G. , Lenaerts Jan T. M. , Nusbaumer Jesse M. , Singh Hansi , Noone David , Rasch Philip J. , Zhang Rudong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. We conduct sensitivity experiments using a general circulation model that
has an explicit water source tagging capability forced by prescribed
composites of pre-industrial sea-ice concentrations (SICs) and corresponding
sea surface temperatures (SSTs) to understand the impact of sea-ice anomalies on regional evaporation, moisture transport and source–receptor
relationships for Antarctic precipitation in the absence of anthropogenic
forcing. Surface sensible heat fluxes, evaporation and column-integrated
water vapor are larger over Southern Ocean (SO) areas with lower SICs. Changes in
Antarctic precipitation and its source attribution with SICs have a strong
spatial variability. Among the tagged source regions, the Southern Ocean
(south of 50∘ S) contributes the most (40 %) to the Antarctic
total precipitation, followed by more northerly ocean basins, most notably
the South Pacific Ocean (27%), southern Indian Ocean (16 %) and South
Atlantic Ocean (11 %). Comparing two experiments prescribed with high and
low pre-industrial SICs, respectively, the annual mean Antarctic
precipitation is about 150 Gt yr−1 (or 6 %) more in the lower SIC
case than in the higher SIC case. This difference is larger than the
model-simulated interannual variability in Antarctic precipitation (99 Gt yr−1). The contrast in contribution from the Southern Ocean, 102 Gt yr−1, is even more significant compared to the interannual
variability of 35 Gt yr−1 in Antarctic precipitation that originates
from the Southern Ocean. The horizontal transport pathways from individual
vapor source regions to Antarctica are largely determined by large-scale
atmospheric circulation patterns. Vapor from lower-latitude source regions
takes elevated pathways to Antarctica. In contrast, vapor from the Southern
Ocean moves southward within the lower troposphere to the Antarctic
continent along moist isentropes that are largely shaped by local ambient
conditions and coastal topography. This study also highlights the importance of atmospheric dynamics in affecting the thermodynamic impact of sea-ice anomalies associated with natural variability on Antarctic precipitation. Our analyses of the seasonal contrast in changes of basin-scale evaporation, moisture flux and precipitation suggest that the impact of SIC anomalies on regional Antarctic precipitation depends on dynamic changes that arise from SIC–SST
perturbations along with internal variability. The latter appears to have a more significant effect on the moisture transport in austral winter than in summer.
Complex Communication and Decolonial Struggles: The Forging of Deep Coalitions through Emotional Echoing and Resistant Imaginations
Authors: Medina José 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article elucidates and expands on María Lugones's account of complex communication across liminal sites as the basis for deep coalitions among oppressed groups. The analysis underscores the crucial role that emotions and resistant imaginations play in complex communication and world-traveling across liminal sites. In particular, it focuses on the role of emotional echoing and epistemic activism in complex forms of communication among oppressed subjects. It elucidates Gloria Anzaldúa's storytelling and Doris Salcedo's visual art as exemplary forms of epistemic activism that issue coalitional gestures and critical provocations that can wake people up from their epistemic slumbers and instigate forms of complex communication that can create new possibilities for coalitional politics.
The History of Scholarly Publishing
Authors: Aspaas Per Pippin , Lieungh Erik 
Published: February 2020

In this episode, we talk about the history of scholarly publishing and relates it to today's Open Science debate. Historian, philologist and senior academic librarian, Per Pippin Aspaas, takes us through some historical development of scholarly publishing and his views on Open Science. The host of this episode is Erik Lieungh.
This episode was first published 31 January 2019.
Norway made a new deal with Elsevier
Authors: Magnussen Mona , Lieungh Erik 
Published: February 2020

In 2019 Norway decided not to renew their deal with the Dutch publisher Elsevier. The reasons were clear: there was no real transition towards Open Access. Now, a new deal has been signed with the same publisher, and the deal is worth around 9-10 million euros. But the question is: What kind of a deal has been made this time around?
The new deal is said to be a trial deal, and the pilot will run for two years. It will be giving seven universities and 39 research institutions across Norway access to Elsevier’s world-leading platform for scientific knowledge with more than 16 million publications from over 2,500 journals published by Elsevier and its society partners. It also enables Norwegian researchers to publish their research Open Access.
Our guest today is Mona Magnussen, the Head of the Department of Collections at the University Library at UiT The Arctic University of Norway. The host of the program is Erik Lieungh.
This episode was first published 29 April 2019.
Should you write on Wikipedia?
Authors: Trosterud Trond , Lieungh Erik 
Published: February 2020

In this episode, we talk about Wikipedia. Is this something that researchers should engage themselves in? What is the greater good? How do you resolve conflicts over facts? And does your research credentials matter for the Wikipedia-community? In 2011 the Guardian wrote an article on this: Wikipedia wants more contributions from academics. Our guest today is Trond Trosterud, professor of Sámi Language Technology at UiT The Arctic University of Norway. He’s an administrator on Wikipedia, and have been contributing there the past 14 years.
The message from Trosterud is clear: More researches should contribute, especially if they want to get more readers. However, Wikipedia is not a place to publish your new research. The site even states this on their Help-page.
The host of this episode is Erik Lieungh.
This episode was first published 25 September 2019.
Prioritizing riparian corridors for ecosystem restoration in urbanizing watersheds
Authors: Atkinson Samuel F. , Lake Matthew C. 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundRiparian corridors can affect nutrient, organic matter, and sediment transport, all of which shape water quality in streams and connected downstream waters. When functioning riparian corridors remain intact, they provide highly valued water quality ecosystem services. However, in rapidly urbanizing watersheds, riparian corridors are susceptible to development modifications that adversely affect those ecosystem services. Protecting high quality riparian corridors or restoring low quality corridors are widely advocated as watershed level water quality management options for protecting those ecosystem services. The two approaches, protection or restoration, should be viewed as complementary by watershed managers and provide a foundation for targeting highly functioning riparian corridors for protection or for identifying poorly functioning corridors for restoration. Ascertaining which strategy to use is often motivated by a specific ecosystem service, for example water quality, upon which watershed management is focused. We have previously reported on a spatially explicit model that focused on identifying riparian corridors that have specific characteristics that make them well suited for purposes of preservation and protection focused on water quality. Here we hypothesize that focusing on restoration, rather than protection, can be the basis for developing a watershed level strategy for improving water quality in urbanizing watersheds.MethodsThe model described here represents a geographic information system (GIS) based approach that utilizes riparian characteristics extracted from 40-meter wide corridors centered on streams and rivers. The model focuses on drinking water reservoir watersheds that can be analyzed at the sub-watershed level. Sub-watershed riparian data (vegetation, soil erodibility and surface slope) are scaled and weighted based on watershed management theories for water quality, and riparian restoration scores are assigned. Those scores are used to rank order riparian zones –the lower the score the higher the priority for riparian restoration.ResultsThe model was applied to 90 sub-watersheds in the watershed of an important drinking water reservoir in north central Texas, USA. Results from this study area suggest that corridor scores were found to be most correlated to the amount of: forested vegetation, residential land use, soils in the highest erodibility class, and highest surface slope (r2 = 0.92,p < 0.0001). Scores allow watershed managers to rapidly focus on riparian corridors most in need of restoration. A beneficial feature of the model is that it also allows investigation of multiple scenarios of restoration strategies (e.g., revegetation, soil stabilization, flood plain leveling), giving watershed managers a tool to compare and contrast watershed level management plans.
A novel transcript of MEF2D promotes myoblast differentiation and its variations associated with growth traits in chicken
Authors: Ouyang Hongjia , Yu Jiao , Chen Xiaolan , Wang Zhijun , Nie Qinghua 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundDevelopment of skeletal muscle is closely related to broiler production traits. The myocyte-specific enhancer binding factor (MEF) 2D gene (MEF2D) and its variant transcripts play important parts in myogenesis.MethodsTo identify the transcript variants of chickenMEF2Dgene and their function, this study cloned chickenMEF2Dgene and identified its transcript variants from different tissue samples. The expression levels of different transcripts ofMEF2Dgene in different tissues and different periods were measured, and their effects on myoblast proliferation and differentiation were investigated. Variations in MEF2D were identified and association analysis with chicken production traits carried out.ResultsFour novel transcript variants ofMEF2Dwere obtained, all of which contained highly conserved sequences, including MADS-Box and MEF2-Domain functional regions. TranscriptMEF2D-V4was expressed specifically in muscle, and its expression was increased during embryonic muscle development. TheMEF2D-V4could promote differentiation of chicken myoblasts and its expression was regulated byRBFOX2. The single nucleotide polymorphism g.36186C > T generated a TAG stop codon, caused MEF2D-V4 to terminate translation early, and was associated with several growth traits, especially on early body weight.ConclusionWe cloned the muscle-specific transcript ofMEF2Dand preliminarily revealed its role in embryonic muscle development.
Embedding lies into truthful stories does not affect their quality
Authors: Verigin Brianna L. , Meijer Ewout H. , Vrij Aldert 
Published: February 2020

SummaryWhen given the opportunity, liars will embed their lies into otherwise truthful statements. In what way this embedding affects the quality of lies, however, remains largely unknown. This study investigated whether lies that are embedded into truthful stories are richer in detail and contain higher quality details compared to lies that are part of entirely fabricated statements. Participants (N = 111) were asked to provide a statement that was either entirely truthful, entirely fabricated, or had the fabricated element of interest embedded into an otherwise truthful story. Results indicated that lies embedded in a fabricated statement are not qualitatively different from lies embedded in an otherwise truthful statement. Supporting Bayes factors provided moderate to strong evidence for this conclusion. Accordingly, verbal credibility assessment tools based on the verbal content measured in this study may be robust against the embedding of lies.
4D Printing of a Bioinspired Microneedle Array with Backward‐Facing Barbs for Enhanced Tissue Adhesion
Authors: Han Daehoon , Morde Riddish S. , Mariani Stefano , La Mattina Antonino A. , Vignali Emanuele , Yang Chen , Barillaro Giuseppe , Lee Howon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMicroneedle (MN), a miniaturized needle with a length‐scale of hundreds of micrometers, has received a great deal of attention because of its minimally invasive, pain‐free, and easy‐to‐use nature. However, a major challenge for controlled long‐term drug delivery or biosensing using MN is its low tissue adhesion. Although microscopic structures with high tissue adhesion are found from living creatures in nature (e.g., microhooks of parasites, barbed stingers of honeybees, quills of porcupines), creating MNs with such complex microscopic features is still challenging with traditional fabrication methods. Here, a MN with bioinspired backward‐facing curved barbs for enhanced tissue adhesion, manufactured by a digital light processing 3D printing technique, is presented. Backward‐facing barbs on a MN are created by desolvation‐induced deformation utilizing cross‐linking density gradient in a photocurable polymer. Barb thickness and bending curvature are controlled by printing parameters and material composition. It is demonstrated that tissue adhesion of a backward‐facing barbed MN is 18 times stronger than that of barbless MN. Also demonstrated is sustained drug release with barbed MNs in tissue. Improved tissue adhesion of the bioinspired MN allows for more stable and robust performance for drug delivery, biofluid collection, and biosensing.
Biocompatible and Biodegradable Organic Transistors Using a Solid‐State Electrolyte Incorporated with Choline‐Based Ionic Liquid and Polysaccharide
Authors: Jo Young Jin , Kim Heyn , Ok Jehyung , Shin Yiel‐Jae , Shin Joo Hwan , Kim Tae Hee , Jung Youngmee , Kim Tae‐il 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBiocompatible, biodegradable, and solid‐state electrolyte‐based organic transistors are demonstrated. As the electrolyte is composed of all edible materials, which are levan polysaccharide and choline‐based ionic liquid, the organic transistor fabricated on the electrolyte can be biocompatible and biodegrable. Compared to the other ion gel based electrolytes, it has superior electrical and mechanical properties, large specific capacitance (≈40 µF cm−2), non‐volatility, flexibility, and high transparency. Thus, it shows mechanical reliability by maintaining electrical performances under up to 1.11% of effective bending strain, 5% of stretching, and have low operation voltage range when it is utilized in organic transistors. Moreover, the biodegradable electrolyte‐based organic transistors can be applied to bio‐integrated devices, such as electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings on human skin and the heart of a rat. The measured ECG signals from the transistors, compared to signals from electrode‐based sensors, has a superior signal‐to‐noise ratio. The biocompatible and biodegradable materials and devices can contribute to the development of many bioelectronics.
Self‐Supporting Ni‐M (M = Mo, Ge, Sn) Alloy Nanosheets via Topotactic Transformation of Oxometallate Intercalated Layered Nickel Hydroxide Salts: Synthesis and Application for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Xie Zhengzhe , Zou Yu , Deng Liujun , Jiang Jiang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMetal alloys are valuable for achieving energy‐ and cost‐efficient electrocatalysis. To maximize active sites exposure and electron transport, a general method to prepare binder‐free Ni‐M (M = Mo, Ge, Sn) bimetallic alloy nanosheets electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is successfully developed for the first time, via topotactic transformation of layered nickel hydroxide salts (Ni‐LHS). The obtained bimetallic alloys show much improved HER performance to that of Ni. In particular, Ni4Mo alloy nanosheets exhibit HER activity with an overpotential of only 69.6 mV at 100 mA cm−2 and a low Tafel slope of 37 mV decade−1 in alkaline medium, due to large electrochemical active surface area and low charge transfer resistance. Moreover, Ni4Mo alloy nanosheets also show high HER activity in both acidic and neutral electrolytes with long‐term stability, demonstrating superior activity comparable to or better than state‐of‐the‐art commercial Pt/C catalyst. This topotactic transformation method using LHS precursors provides a way to design and fabricate cost‐effective and energy‐efficient ultrathin 2D bimetallic alloy nanosheets for electrocatalysis, greatly broadening the scope of the currently available self‐supporting metal alloy electrocatalysts.
Accessing the Hotspots of Cavity Plasmon Modes in Vertical Metal–Insulator–Metal Structures for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Dai Fang , Horrer Andreas , Adam Pierre‐Michel , Fleischer Monika 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn metal–insulator–metal structures such as Au nanodiscs on an Au film separated by a thin oxide spacer layer, the metal/insulator interfaces can form a Fabry–Perot cavity in which gap surface plasmons are confined. As a result, these cavity plasmon modes show the advantageous properties of strong field enhancement and very narrow resonance line shapes due to the confinement in a cavity. In this work, the hotspots of the electromagnetic near‐field of cavity plasmon modes are exposed to make the strongly enhanced field accessible to Raman molecules. This is achieved by creating an undercut in the spacer between the Au discs and the gold film by wet etching of the spacer. The electromagnetic field distributions as well as the resonance wavelengths of two different cavity plasmon modes in such cavities both with and without undercut are studied by simulations based on the finite element method. The size of the undercut is estimated by relating the measured spectral shift before and after reducing the spacer disc to the one obtained in simulations. Surface enhanced Raman scattering measurements are conducted on arrays of cavities. The effect of the undercut on the Raman scattering intensity is investigated and a notable increase is found.
Strategies for Semiconductor/Electrocatalyst Coupling toward Solar‐Driven Water Splitting
Authors: Thalluri Sitaramanjaneya Mouli , Bai Lichen , Lv Cuncai , Huang Zhipeng , Hu Xile , Liu Lifeng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHydrogen (H2) has a significant potential to enable the global energy transition from the current fossil‐dominant system to a clean, sustainable, and low‐carbon energy system. While presently global H2 production is predominated by fossil‐fuel feedstocks, for future widespread utilization it is of paramount importance to produce H2 in a decarbonized manner. To this end, photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has been proposed to be a highly desirable approach with minimal negative impact on the environment. Both semiconductor light‐absorbers and hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER) catalysts are essential components of an efficient PEC cell. It is well documented that loading electrocatalysts on semiconductor photoelectrodes plays significant roles in accelerating the HER/OER kinetics, suppressing surface recombination, reducing overpotentials needed to accomplish HER/OER, and extending the operational lifetime of semiconductors. Herein, how electrocatalyst coupling influences the PEC performance of semiconductor photoelectrodes is outlined. The focus is then placed on the major strategies developed so far for semiconductor/electrocatalyst coupling, including a variety of dry processes and wet chemical approaches. This Review provides a comprehensive account of advanced methodologies adopted for semiconductor/electrocatalyst coupling and can serve as a guideline for the design of efficient and stable semiconductor photoelectrodes for use in water splitting.