bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turbulent density and pressure fluctuations in the stratified intracluster medium
Authors: Mohapatra Rajsekhar , Federrath Christoph , Sharma Prateek 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Turbulent gas motions are observed in the intracluster medium (ICM). The ICM is density-stratified, with the gas density being highest at the centre of the cluster and decreasing radially outwards. As a result of this, Kolmogorov (homogeneous, isotropic) turbulence theory does not apply to the ICM. The gas motions are instead explained by anisotropic stratified turbulence, with the stratification quantified by the perpendicular Froude number (Fr⊥). These turbulent motions are associated with density and pressure fluctuations, which manifest as perturbations in X-ray surface brightness maps of the ICM and as thermal Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect (SZ) fluctuations, respectively. In order to advance our understanding of the relations between these fluctuations and the turbulent gas velocities, we have conducted 100 high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations of stratified turbulence (2562 × 384–10242 × 1536 resolution elements), in which we scan the parameter space of subsonic rms Mach number ($\mathcal {M}$), Fr⊥, and the ratio of entropy and pressure scale heights (RPS = HP/HS), relevant to the ICM. We develop a new scaling relation between the standard deviation of logarithmic density fluctuations (σs, where s = ln (ρ/$\langle$ρ$\rangle$)), $\mathcal {M}$, and Fr⊥, which covers both the strongly stratified (Fr⊥ ≪ 1) and weakly stratified (Fr⊥ ≫ 1) turbulence regimes: $\sigma _{\rm s}^2=\ln (1+b^2\mathcal {M}^4+0.10/(\mathrm{Fr}_\perp +0.25/\sqrt{\mathrm{Fr}_\perp })^2\mathcal {M}^2R_{\rm PS})$, where b ∼ 1/3 for solenoidal turbulence driving studied here. We further find that logarithmic pressure fluctuations σ(ln P/ &lt; P &gt;) are independent of stratification and scale according to the relation $\sigma _{(\ln {\bar{P}})}^2=\ln (1+b^2\gamma ^2\mathcal {M}^4)$, where $\bar{P}=P/\left\langle P \right\rangle $ and γ is the adiabatic index of the gas. We have tested these scaling relations to be valid over the parameter ranges $\mathcal {M} = 0.01$–0.40, Fr⊥ = 0.04–10.0, and RPS = 0.33–2.33.
Orbital evolution of Mars-crossing asteroids
Authors: Wlodarczyk I 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
This study is an orbital analysis of the interesting Mars-crossing asteroids (MCAs), also known as Mars-crosser (MC) asteroids or Mars-crossers (MCs). We computed that after 100 million years (Myr), approximately 66 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of all known MCs are ejected out of the Solar System by collision with the Sun, the planets, Ceres, Pallas, Vesta, or Hygiea. The rate of MC migration is high. Thus, this population of MCs would be supplied by just as many asteroids from outside the Solar System. We estimated the rate at which near-Earth objects were created from MCs throughout a 100 Myr period, with Atiras accounting for nearly 3 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of these objects, over 2 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ were Atens, nearly 7.5 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ were Apollos, approximately 9${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ were Amors, and nearly 0.4 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ became Centaurs. These results were calculated with 10 000 yr output intervals. Furthermore, 0.028${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of all the starting MCs were in retrograde orbits for at least 10 000 yr. We found that majority of the remaining MCs have migrated into the region of three asteroid families: Phocaea, Hungaria, and Flora. We calculated a small but significant influence of Ceres, Pallas, Vesta, and Hygiea on the orbital evolution of the MCs. From the AstDys catalogue, we found that the largest number of studied numbered MCs have their Lyapunov time (LT) in the range 2–4 kyr. Using the orbfit software, we computed the LT of selected MCs in retrograde orbits, and obtained an LT of between 540 yr (asteroid 2016 DR1) and 71 000 yr (asteroid 42887 1999 RV155).
Resolving period aliases for TESS monotransits recovered during the extended mission
Authors: Cooke Benjamin F , Pollacco Don , Anderson David R , Bayliss Daniel , Bouchy François , Gill Samuel , Grieves Nolan , Lendl Monika , Nielsen Louise D , Udry Stéphane , Wheatley Peter J 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We set out to explore how best to mitigate the number of period aliases for a transiting Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) system with two identified transits separated by a large time period on the order of years. We simulate a realistic population of doubly transiting planets based on the observing strategy of the TESS primary and extended missions. We next simulate additional observations using photometry (NGTS) and spectroscopy (HARPS and CORALIE) and assess its impact on the period aliases of systems with two TESS transits. We find that TESS will detect around 400 exoplanets that exhibit one transit in each of the primary and extended missions. Based on the temporal coverage, each of these systems will have an average of 38 period aliases. We find that, assuming a combination of NGTS and CORALIE over observing campaigns spanning 50 d, we can find the true alias, and thus solve the period, for up to 207 of these systems with even more being solved if the observing campaigns are extended or we upgrade to HARPS over CORALIE.
Asteroseismology of the DAV star R808
Authors: Chen Y H , Shu H 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The DAV star R808 was observed by 13 different telescopes for more than 170 h in 2009 April on the WET run XCOV26. 25 independent pulsation frequencies were identified by this data set. We assumed 19 m = 0 modes and performed an asteroseismological study on those 19 modes. We evolve grids of DAV star models by wdec adopting the element diffusion scheme with pure and screened Coulomb potential effect. The core compositions are from white dwarf models evolved by mesa, which are thermal nuclear burning results. Our best-fitting model is from the screened Coulomb potential scenario, which has parameters of log(MHe/M*) = −2.4, log(MH/M*) = −5.2, Teff = 11100 K, M* = 0.710 M⊙, logg = 8.194, and σRMS = 2.86 s. The value of σRMS is the smallest among the four existing asteroseismological work. The average period spacing is 46.299 s for l = 1 modes and 25.647 s for l = 2 modes. The other six observed modes can be fitted by $m\, \ne$ 0 components of some modes for our best-fitting model. Fitting the 25 observed modes, we obtain a σRMS value of 2.59 s. Considering the period spacings, we also assume, that at least in one case, we detect an l = 2 trapped mode.
‘Ears’ formation in supernova remnants: overhearing an interaction history with bipolar circumstellar structures
Authors: Chiotellis A , Boumis P , Spetsieri Z T 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
A characteristic feature that is frequently found in nearby supernova remnants (SNRs) is the existence of two antisymmetric, local protrusions that are projected as two ‘ears’ in the morphology of the nebula. In this paper, we present a novel scenario for the ‘ear’ formation process, according to which the two lobes are formed through the interaction of the SNR with a bipolar circumstellar medium (CSM) that was surrounding the explosion’s centre. We conduct two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations and we show that the SNR shock breakout from the bipolar CSM triggers the inflation of two opposite protrusions at the equator of the remnant, which retain their size and shape from several hundreds up to a few thousand years of the SNR evolution. We run a set of models by varying the supernova (SN) and CSM properties and we demonstrate that the extracted results reveal good agreement with the observables, regarding the sizes, lifespan, morphology and kinematics of the ‘ears’. We discuss the plausibility of our model in nature and we suggest that the most likely progenitors of the ‘ear-carrying’ SNRs are the luminous blue variables or the red/yellow supergiants for the SNRs resulting from core collapse SN events, and the symbiotic binaries or the planetary nebulae for the SNRs formed by Type Ia SNe. Finally, we compare our model with other ‘ear’ formation models found in the literature and we show that there are distinctive differences among them, concerning the orientation of the ‘ears’ and the phase in which the ‘ear’ formation process occurs.
LOFAR detection of a low-power radio halo in the galaxy cluster Abell 990
Authors: Hoang D N , Shimwell T W , Osinga E , Bonafede A , Brüggen M , Botteon A , Brunetti G , Cassano R , Cuciti V , Drabent A , Jones C , Röttgering H J A , van Weeren R J 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Radio haloes are extended (∼Mpc), steep spectrum sources found in the central region of dynamically disturbed clusters of galaxies. Only a handful of radio haloes have been reported to reside in galaxy clusters with a mass $M_{500}\lesssim 5\times 10^{14}\, \mathrm{ M}_\odot$. In this paper, we present a LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) 144 MHz detection of a radio halo in the galaxy cluster Abell 990 with a mass of $M_{500}=(4.9\pm 0.3)\times 10^{14}\, \mathrm{ M}_\odot$. The halo has a projected size of ${\sim} 700\, {\rm kpc}$ and a flux density of $20.2\pm 2.2\, {\rm mJy}$ or a radio power of $1.2\pm 0.1\times 10^{24}\, {\rm W\, Hz}^{-1}$ at the cluster redshift (z = 0.144) that makes it one of the two haloes with the lowest radio power detected to date. Our analysis of the emission from the cluster with Chandra archival data using dynamical indicators shows that the cluster is not undergoing a major merger but is a slightly disturbed system with a mean temperature of $5\, {\rm keV}$. The low X-ray luminosity of $L_{\mathrm{ X}}=(3.66\pm 0.08)\times 10^{44}\, {\rm erg\, s}^{-1}$ in the 0.1–2.4 keV band implies that the cluster is one of the least luminous systems known to host a radio halo. Our detection of the radio halo in Abell 990 opens the possibility of detecting many more haloes in poorly explored less massive clusters with low-frequency telescopes such as LOFAR, Murchison Widefield Array (MWA, Phase II), and upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT).
Reconstitution of mammalian mitochondrial translation system capable of correct initiation and long polypeptide synthesis from leaderless mRNA
Authors: Lee Muhoon , Matsunaga Noriko , Akabane Shiori , Yasuda Ippei , Ueda Takuya , Takeuchi-Tomita Nono 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMammalian mitochondria have their own dedicated protein synthesis system, which produces 13 essential subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes. We have reconstituted an in vitro translation system from mammalian mitochondria, utilizing purified recombinant mitochondrial translation factors, 55S ribosomes from pig liver mitochondria, and a tRNA mixture from either Escherichia coli or yeast. The system is capable of translating leaderless mRNAs encoding model proteins (DHFR and nanoLuciferase) or some mtDNA-encoded proteins. We show that a leaderless mRNA, encoding nanoLuciferase, is faithfully initiated without the need for any auxiliary factors other than IF-2mt and IF-3mt. We found that the ribosome-dependent GTPase activities of both the translocase EF-G1mt and the recycling factor EF-G2mt are insensitive to fusidic acid (FA), the translation inhibitor that targets bacterial EF-G homologs, and consequently the system is resistant to FA. Moreover, we demonstrate that a polyproline sequence in the protein causes 55S mitochondrial ribosome stalling, yielding ribosome nascent chain complexes. Analyses of the effects of the Mg concentration on the polyproline-mediated ribosome stalling suggested the unique regulation of peptide elongation by the mitoribosome. This system will be useful for analyzing the mechanism of translation initiation, and the interactions between the nascent peptide chain and the mitochondrial ribosome.
An Evaluation of Potential Unintended Consequences of a Nicotine Product Standard: A Focus on Drinking History and Outcomes
Authors: Dermody Sarah S , Tessier Katelyn M , Meier Ellen , al’Absi Mustafa , Denlinger-Apte Rachel L , Drobes David J , Jensen Joni , Koopmeiners Joseph S , Pacek Lauren R , Tidey Jennifer W , Vandrey Ryan , Donny Eric , Hatsukami Dorothy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionA nicotine product standard reducing the nicotine content in cigarettes could improve public health by reducing smoking. This study evaluated the potential unintended consequences of a reduced nicotine product standard by examining its effects on (1) smoking behaviors based on drinking history; (2) drinking behavior; and (3) daily associations between smoking and drinking.MethodsAdults who smoke daily (n = 752) in the United States were randomly assigned to smoke very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes versus normal nicotine content (NNC; control) cigarettes for 20 weeks. Linear mixed models determined if baseline drinking moderated the effects of VLNC versus NNC cigarettes on Week 20 smoking outcomes. Time-varying effect models estimated the daily association between smoking VLNC cigarettes and drinking outcomes.ResultsHigher baseline alcohol use (vs no use or lower use) was associated with a smaller effect of VLNC on Week 20 urinary total nicotine equivalents (ps &lt; .05). No additional moderation was supported (ps &gt; .05). In the subsample who drank (n = 415), in the VLNC versus NNC condition, daily alcohol use was significantly reduced from Weeks 17 to 20 and odds of binge drinking were significantly reduced from Weeks 9 to 17. By Week 7, in the VLNC cigarette condition (n = 272), smoking no longer predicted alcohol use but remained associated with binge drinking.ConclusionsWe did not support negative unintended consequences of a nicotine product standard. Nicotine reduction in cigarettes generally affected smoking behavior for individuals who do not drink or drink light-to-moderate amounts in similar ways. Extended VLNC cigarette use may improve public health by reducing drinking behavior.ImplicationsThere was no evidence that a VLNC product standard would result in unintended consequences based on drinking history or when considering alcohol outcomes. Specifically, we found that a very low nicotine standard in cigarettes generally reduces smoking outcomes for those who do not drink and those who drink light-to-moderate amounts. Furthermore, an added public health benefit of a very low nicotine standard for cigarettes could be a reduction in alcohol use and binge drinking over time. Finally, smoking VLNC cigarettes may result in a decoupling of the daily associations between smoking and drinking.
Evaluating HIV Viral Rebound Among Persons on Suppressive Antiretroviral Treatment in the Era of “Undetectable Equals Untransmittable (U = U)”
Authors: Min Sugi , Gillani Fizza S , Aung Su , Garland Joseph M , Beckwith Curt G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Studies have demonstrated that persons with HIV (PWH) maintaining viral suppression do not transmit HIV to HIV-negative partners through condomless sex, leading to the “Undetectable = Untransmittable (U = U)” prevention campaign. However, few studies have examined the durability of suppression in the era of U = U.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study was conducted in Providence, Rhode Island. PWH aged ≥18 years with documented viral suppression (defined as at least 1 viral load [VL] &lt;200 copies/mL and no VL ≥200 copies/mL) in 2015 were included in the baseline cohort. Primary outcomes were viral suppression, viral rebound (at least 1 VL ≥200 copies/mL), or gap in VL monitoring assessed annually from 2016 to 2019. Those with viral rebound were assessed for resuppression within 6 months. Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with viral rebound or gaps in VL monitoring were investigated by bivariate analysis and logistic regression.

Results
A total of 1242 patients with viral suppression were included in the baseline cohort. In each follow-up year, 85%–90% maintained viral suppression, 2%–5% experienced viral rebound, and 8%–10% had a gap in VL monitoring. Among those with viral rebound, approximately one-half were suppressed again within 6 months. In the logistic regression models, retention in care was significantly associated with viral suppression, while younger age, black race, high school or equivalent education, non–men who have sex with men, and history of incarceration were significantly associated with viral rebound.

Conclusions
In the U = U era, most patients with viral suppression who are retained in care are likely to maintain viral suppression over time. Some patients require additional support for regular VL monitoring.
Regional integration and income inequality: a synthetic counterfactual analysis of the European Monetary Union
Authors: Bouvet Florence 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn Europe, it is quite common for public opinions and national politicians to blame economic insecurity and rising inequality on deeper regional integration within the European Union (EU), and especially on the euro. There is, however, no empirical research that clearly identifies the euro as the cause of the recent increase in income inequality. Using the synthetic counterfactual methodology developed by Abadie and Gardeazabal (2003), I estimate what would have happened to inequality in both gross and net income within euro-area countries, had these countries not switched to the single currency. In most countries (especially peripheral countries), without the euro, gross-income inequality would have been lower, while net-income inequality would have been higher. These results imply that, while deeper economic integration might have exacerbated gross income inequality, lower interest rates allowed countries to counteract these disparities with their social welfare programmes.
Household Portfolio Underdiversification and Probability Weighting: Evidence from the Field
Authors: Dimmock Stephen G , Kouwenberg Roy , Mitchell Olivia S , Peijnenburg Kim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe test whether probability weighting affects household portfolio choice in a representative survey. On average, people display inverse-S-shaped probability weighting, overweighting low probability events. As theory predicts, probability weighting is positively associated with portfolio underdiversification and significant Sharpe ratio losses. Analyzing respondents’ individual stock holdings, we find higher probability weighting is associated with owning lottery-type stocks and positively skewed equity portfolios. People with higher probability weighting are less likely to own mutual funds and more likely to either avoid equities or hold individual stocks. We are the first to empirically link individuals’ elicited probability weighting and real-world decisions under risk.
Heritability of Memory Functions and Related Brain Volumes: A Schizophrenia Spectrum Study of 214 Twins
Authors: Lemvigh Cecilie K , Brouwer Rachel M , Sahakian Barbara J , Robbins Trevor W , Johansen Louise B , Legind Christian S , Anhøj Simon J , Hilker Rikke , Hulshoff Pol Hilleke E , Ebdrup Bjørn H , Pantelis Christos , Glenthøj Birte Y , Fagerlund Birgitte 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMemory performance is heritable and shares partial genetic etiology with schizophrenia. How the genetic overlap between memory and schizophrenia is related to intelligence (IQ) and brain volumes has not been formally tested using twin modeling.MethodsA total of 214 twins were recruited nationwide by utilization of the Danish registers, including monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs concordant or discordant for a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and healthy control pairs. Memory/IQ assessments and MRI scans were performed and structural equation modeling was applied to examine the genetic and environmental effects and to quantify associations with schizophrenia liability.ResultsSignificant heritability estimates were found for verbal, visual and working memory. Verbal and visual memory were associated with schizophrenia, and for visual memory the association was due to overlapping genetics. IQ was highly heritable, but only performance IQ was associated with schizophrenia. Genetic factors also contributed to total brain, right superior frontal, left rostral middle frontal and hippocampal volumes. Smaller total brain and hippocampal volumes were associated with schizophrenia, and for the left hippocampus this association was due to overlapping genetic factors. All 3 memory measures were associated with IQ, but only visual memory was associated with total brain and hippocampal volumes.DiscussionSpecific memory measures and brain volumes were moderately heritable and showed overlap with schizophrenia liability, suggesting partially shared etiological influences. Our findings further suggest that factors impacting IQ also influence memory, whereas memory impairments and brain volume abnormalities appear to represent separate pathological processes in the pathway to schizophrenia.
Prevalence of untreated surgical conditions in bateys (Sugar Workers’ Towns) of the Eastern Dominican Republic: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Eblovi Darren E. , Miller Jhomairy M. , Clitheroe Kathryn L. , Sun Se-Hwa , Daly Peter J. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
The global burden of surgical disease is likely immense, but surgical care has been largely neglected in low- and middle-income countries, partly due to a lack of region-specific evidence describing the prevalence. In preparation for the opening of a charitable surgical center, the organization One World Surgery conducted a census, needs assessment, and a series of charitable outreach primary care clinics in several bateys (sugar workers’ towns) in the eastern Dominican Republic. This study aims to use information collected by the organization to determine the prevalence of untreated surgical conditions in an underserved region of a high-middle-income country.

Methods:
Population data from a series of bateys surrounding the city of San Pedro de Macoris on the country’s eastern plains, a region with significant sugarcane, was determined from a census and needs assessment performed by community health workers between April and December 2019. This information was used to invite patients to charitable outreach primary care clinics led by volunteer US-based physicians between September 2019 and February 2020, during which the number of patients with untreated surgical conditions was calculated.

Results:
Volunteer physicians recommended at least 1 surgery for 147 individuals among a population of 4070 (3.61%). Fifty-two percent of surgical patients were male and 36.7% were age 60 and above. The most common surgical diagnoses were cataract, pterygium, and hernias/hydroceles. The most needed specialties were ophthalmology (1.74%), general surgery (1.01%), and orthopedics (0.69%).

Conclusion:
The population of bateys (sugar workers’ towns) in the eastern Dominican Republic, a high-middle-income country, has a high prevalence of untreated surgical disease. This is likely due partly to the population of the bateys being underserved compared to the country overall, and partly to the country’s increasing life expectancy. However, since most patients with untreated surgical conditions are of working age or below, it will be important with respect to national productivity for the Dominican Republic and other high-middle-income countries to increase surgical capacity along with other more traditionally prioritized health care initiatives.