bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deficits in olfactory sensitivity in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease revealed by plethysmography of odor-evoked sniffing
Authors: Johnson Michaela E. , Bergkvist Liza , Mercado Gabriela , Stetzik Lucas , Meyerdirk Lindsay , Wolfrum Emily , Madaj Zachary , Brundin Patrik , Wesson Daniel W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHyposmia is evident in over 90% of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. A characteristic of PD is intraneuronal deposits composed in part of α-synuclein fibrils. Based on the analysis of post-mortem PD patients, Braak and colleagues suggested that early in the disease α-synuclein pathology is present in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, as well as the olfactory bulb and anterior olfactory nucleus, and then later affects other interconnected brain regions. Here, we bilaterally injected α-synuclein preformed fibrils into the olfactory bulbs of wild type male and female mice. Six months after injection, the anterior olfactory nucleus and piriform cortex displayed a high α-synuclein pathology load. We evaluated olfactory perceptual function by monitoring odor-evoked sniffing behavior in a plethysmograph at one-, three- and six-months after injection. No overt impairments in the ability to engage in sniffing were evident in any group, suggesting preservation of the ability to coordinate respiration. At all-time points, females injected with fibrils exhibited reduced odor detection sensitivity, which was observed with the semi-automated plethysmography apparatus, but not a buried pellet test. In future studies, this sensitive methodology for assessing olfactory detection deficits could be used to define how α-synuclein pathology affects other aspects of olfactory perception and to clarify the neuropathological underpinnings of these deficits.
Nano-scale structure and mechanical properties of ASR products under saturated and dry conditions
Authors: Wu Huite , Pan Jianwen , Wang Jinting 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlkali-silica reaction (ASR) widely occurs in concrete, resulting in durability problem and premature loss in serviceability of infrastructures all over the world. Understanding of the properties of ASR products, especially at micro scale level, helps mitigation of deterioration in concrete structures. In this study, the nano-scale structure and mechanical properties of the ASR products under dry and saturated conditions are investigated. The scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer with X-ray (SEM-EDS) and atomic force microscope (AFM), as well as the nanoindentation are applied to the ASR products. The experimental observation indicates the effect of water on the micromorphology and nano-scale mechanical properties of ASR products. Water makes contribution to the transformation of ASR products from solid to viscous gels and the decrease in the Young’s modulus and hardness of ASR products. The testing results reveal the correlation between nano-scale structure and mechanical properties and improve the understanding of the micromechanical behavior of ASR products.
One-step sorting of single-walled carbon nanotubes using aqueous two-phase extraction in the presence of basic salts
Authors: Podlesny Blazej , Shiraki Tomohiro , Janas Dawid 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate a simple one-step approach to separate (6,5) CNTs from raw material by using the aqueous two-phase extraction method. To reach this goal, stable and inexpensive K2CO3, Na2CO3, Li2CO3, and K3PO4 basic salts are used as modulators of the differentiation process. Under the appropriate parameters, near monochiral fractions become available for straightforward harvesting. In parallel, we show that the isolation process is strongly affected not only by pH but by the inherent nature of the introduced chemical species as well. The results of our study also reveal that the commonly used ingredients of the biphasic system make a strong contribution to the course of the separation by having far from neutral pH values themselves.
Cerebral macro- and microcirculatory blood flow dynamics in successfully treated chronic hypertensive patients with and without white mater lesions
Authors: Müller Martin , Österreich Mareike , Lakatos Lehel , Hessling Alexander von 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe mechanisms of high blood pressure (HBP) -related brain pathology progression remain relatively unclear. We investigated whether lowering BP in chronic HBP patients normalizes cerebral perfusion dynamics at resistance vessel and capillary levels. Sixty-seven patients with HBP and 49 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent simultaneous recordings of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (CBFV), BP, and end-tidal CO2 concentration. Thirty-four controls and 28 patients underwent additional near-infrared spectroscopy recordings (oxygenated [O2Hb] and deoxygenated [HHb] hemoglobin). Degree of microcirculatory white matter lesions was graded by Fazekas scale. Dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) was assessed by transfer function analysis. BP was successfully lowered (patients = 89 ± 15 mm Hg, controls = 87 ± 17), but cerebrovascular resistance was higher in BP patients (p < 0.05). BP-CBFV phase was lower in very low frequency (VLF) (left/right: 48 ± 20°/44 ± 17; controls: 61 ± 20/60 ± 21; p < 0.001) and low frequency (LF) (34 ± 14/35 ± 14; controls: 48 ± 20/44 ± 17; p < 0.05) ranges. Gain was higher in VLF range (in %/ mm Hg 0.56 ± 0.44/0.59 ± 0.49; controls: 0.32 ± 0.29/0.34 ± 0.32; p ≤ 0.005). BP-CBFV phase and gain did not differ across Fazekas groups. Across all patients, the capillary phases and gains (CBFV-[O2Hb], CBFV-[HHb]) were comparable to controls. Successfully treated chronic HBP results in normal brain capillary hemodynamics while the resistance vessel state is disturbed (phase decrease, gain increase).
Inhibition of lncRNA DILC attenuates neuropathic pain via the SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Liu Yujie , Feng Lu , Ren Shichao , Zhang Yingxiu , Xue Jing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been involved in the development of multiple pathological processes including neuropathic pain. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of lncRNA down-regulated in liver cancer stem cells (DILC) in the progression of neuropathic pain and its underlying mechanism. Neuropathic pain rat model was established with the bilateral chronic constriction injury (bCCI) method. The results from quantitative PCR analysis in the spinal cord showed that DILC was significantly up-regulated in rats with bCCI compared with the sham group. DILC down-regulation mediated by intrathecal administration of DILC siRNA significantly increased the mechanical shrinkage threshold (MWT) and paw withdrawal threshold latency (PWTL), decreased the positive frequency for nerve sensitivity to cold and suppressed the expression of inflammatory genes in bCCI rats. Down-regulation of DILC induced suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS3) expression and inhibited the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) in spinal cord tissues. Western blotting showed that down-regulation of DILC by DILC siRNA transfection induced SOCS3 expression and inhibited the expression of p-Janus kinase 2 (p-JAK2) and p-STAT3 and their downstream genes in primary microglia. Furthermore, down-regulation of DILC increased the viability of primary microglia, suppressed apoptosis, and inhibited the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in microglia. In contrast, overexpression of DILC showed the opposite functions to those of DILC knockdown. In conclusion, silence of lncRNA DILC attenuates neuropathic pain via SOCS3-induced suppression of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was associated with prognosis and immunomodulatory in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)
Authors: Xiang Zi-jun , Hu Tao , Wang Yun , Wang Hao , Xu Lin , Cui Ning 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough the oncological outcomes in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have markedly improved over the past decade, the survival prediction is still challenging. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and analyze the relationship of between the NLR and immune cells phenotypes in patients with PDAC. Sixty-seven consecutive patients with PDAC were recruited in this study. Life-table estimates of survival time were calculated according to the Kaplan and Meier methodology. The phenotypic T cells subclasses were evaluated by flow cytometry. All the 67 patients in this study were treated with surgical resection and among them, 46 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis was performed to compare prognostic value of NLR with CA199. We found that the Harrell's area under ROC (AUROC) for the NLR to predict overall survival (OS) (0.840; 95% CI, 0.766–0.898) was significantly higher than that of the CA199 levels. After that we stratified all patients into NLR &gt; 2.5 (n = 42) and NLR ≤ 2.5 (n = 25) groups according to the OS of patients with PDAC. Survival analysis showed that patients with NLR ≤ 2.5 had significantly favorable OS and progressive free survival (PFS) compared with patients with NLR &gt; 2.5. The CD3+ and CD8+/CD28+ T cell subsets were significantly increased in patients with NLR ≤ 2.5 (P&lt;0.05), while the CD8+/CD28- and CD4+/CD25+ cell subsets were significantly decreased in patients with NLR ≤ 2.5 (P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, a high NLR value independently predicts poor survival in patients with PDAC after surgical resection. The NLR was closely related with immune cells phenotypes The NLR may help oncologists evaluate outcomes of patients received surgical resection and chemotherapy to choose alternative therapies for patients with high NLR value.
Covid-19: the renin–angiotensin system imbalance hypothesis
Authors: Lanza Katharina , Perez Lucas G. , Costa Larissa B. , Cordeiro Thiago M. , Palmeira Vitria A. , Ribeiro Victor T. , Simões e Silva Ana Cristina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The emergency of SARS-CoV-2 in China started a novel challenge to the scientific community. As the virus turns pandemic, scientists try to map the cellular mechanisms and pathways of SARS-CoV-2 related to the pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). After transmembrane angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been found to be SARS-CoV-2 receptor, we hypothesized an immune-hematological mechanism for Covid-19 based on renin–angiotensin system (RAS) imbalance to explain clinical, laboratory and imaging findings on disease course. We believe that exaggerated activation of ACE/Angiotensin II (Ang II)/Angiotensin Type 1 (AT1) receptor RAS axis in line with reduction of ACE2/Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor may exert a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Covid-19. In this perspective, we discuss potential mechanisms and evidence on this hypothesis.
Implementation Strategies for the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI), Part I: Quantitative Analysis of IDDSI Performance Among Varied Participants
Authors: Rule David W. , Kelchner Lisa , Mulkern Ashley , Couch Sarah , Silbert Noah , Welden Kathy 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) is an international standardized framework for texture-modified diets (TMDs). However, user accuracy in conducting IDDSI testing methods are unknown. The aims of this study were threefold: (a) to describe performance on two tasks (an IDDSI knowledge quiz and a TMD sample classification task), (b) to determine interrater and intrarater agreement for classification task performance, and (c) to determine predictive relationships between socioeconomic factors or prior knowledge on task performance.

Method

Sixty-eight participants were recruited, including health care professionals and non–health care-related individuals. A mixed between-subjects and within-subject design was used. All participants completed a baseline knowledge quiz, 30 min of self-study using the
IDDSI.org
curriculum, a post self-study knowledge quiz, and a TMD classification task of 21 TMD samples with representation across all IDDSI levels. Data were collected via electronic survey.

Results

There was a significant increase (
p
< .001) between pre and post self-study knowledge quiz scores. On the classification task, unmodified foods and drinks were most accurately classified with thickened liquids (IDDSI Levels 1, 2, 3) most inaccurately classified. At baseline, moderate interrater agreement was found with intrarater agreement ranging from fair to almost perfect among identical samples. No significant predictive relationships were found between classification task performance and socioeconomic status or prior experience.

Conclusions

Thirty minutes of self-study using the online
IDDSI.org
curriculum improved baseline IDDSI knowledge check performance. Overall accuracy of TMD classification was low and warrants further evaluation given potential adverse health outcomes secondary to inappropriate TMD presentation. Given no predictive relationships between socioeconomic factors and prior experience on task performance, the IDDSI curriculum and classification task appear accessible to various users, including non–health care-related participants. Future studies should more closely observe testing behavior to further characterize variation in participants' use of the testing methods.
The VMC survey
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Cioni Maria-Rosa L. , Niederhofer Florian , Bekki Kenji , Bell Cameron P. M. , de Grijs Richard , Diaz Jonathan , El Youssoufi Dalal , Emerson Jim , Groenewegen Martin A. T. , Ivanov Valentin D. , Matijevic Gal , Oliveira Joana M. , Petr-Gotzens Monika G. , Queiroz Anna B. A. , Ripepi Vincenzo , van Loon Jacco Th. 
Published: June 2020

Context. The Magellanic Clouds are a nearby pair of interacting dwarf galaxies and satellites of the Milky Way. Studying their kinematic properties is essential to understanding their origin and dynamical evolution. They have prominent tidal features and the kinematics of these features can give hints about the formation of tidal dwarfs, galaxy merging and the stripping of gas. In addition they are an example of dwarf galaxies that are in the process of merging with a massive galaxy.
Aims. The goal of this study is to investigate the kinematics of the Magellanic Bridge, a tidal feature connecting the Magellanic Clouds, using stellar proper motions to understand their most recent interaction.
Methods. We calculated proper motions based on multi-epoch Ks-band aperture photometry, which were obtained with the Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA), spanning a time of 1−3 yr, and we compared them with Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) proper motions. We tested two methods for removing Milky Way foreground stars using Gaia DR2 parallaxes in combination with VISTA photometry or using distances based on Bayesian inference.
Results. We obtained proper motions for a total of 576 411 unique sources over an area of 23 deg2 covering the Magellanic Bridge including mainly Milky Way foreground stars, background galaxies, and a small population of possible Magellanic Bridge stars (< 15 000), which mostly consist of giant stars with 11.0 <  Ks <  19.5 mag. The first proper motion measurement of the Magellanic Bridge centre is 1.80 ± 0.25 mas yr−1 in right ascension and −0.72 ± 0.13 mas yr−1 in declination. The proper motion measurements of stars along the Magellanic Bridge from the VISTA survey of the Magellanic Cloud system (VMC) and Gaia DR2 data confirm a flow motion from the Small to the Large Magellanic Cloud. This flow can now be measured all across the entire length of the Magellanic Bridge.
Conclusions. Our measurements indicate that the Magellanic Bridge is stretching. By converting the proper motions to tangential velocities, we obtain ∼110 km s−1 in the plane of the sky. Therefore it would take a star roughly 177 Myr to cross the Magellanic Bridge.
Variability of OB stars from TESS southern Sectors 1–13 and high-resolution IACOB and OWN spectroscopy
Authors: Burssens S. , Simón-Díaz S. , Bowman D. M. , Holgado G. , Michielsen M. , de Burgos A. , Castro N. , Barbá R. H. , Aerts C. 
Published: June 2020

Context.The lack of high-precision long-term continuous photometric data for large samples of stars has impeded the large-scale exploration of pulsational variability in the OB star regime. As a result, the candidates for in-depth asteroseismic modelling have remained limited to a few dozen dwarfs. The TESS nominal space mission has surveyed the southern sky, including parts of the galactic plane, yielding continuous data across at least 27 d for hundreds of OB stars.Aims.We aim to couple TESS data in the southern sky with ground-based spectroscopy to study the variability in two dimensions, mass and evolution. We focus mainly on the presence of coherent pulsation modes that may or may not be present in the predicted theoretical instability domains and unravel all frequency behaviour in the amplitude spectra of the TESS data.Methods.We compose a sample of 98 OB-type stars observed by TESS in Sectors 1–13 and with available multi-epoch, high-resolution spectroscopy gathered by the IACOB and OWN surveys. We present the short-cadence 2 min light curves of dozens of OB-type stars, which have one or more spectra in the IACOB or OWN database. Based on these light curves and their Lomb–Scargle periodograms, we performed variability classification and frequency analysis. We placed the stars in the spectroscopic Hertzsprung–Russell diagram to interpret the variability in an evolutionary context.Results.We deduce the diverse origins of the mmag-level variability found in all of the 98 OB stars in the TESS data. We find among the sample several new variable stars, including three hybrid pulsators, three eclipsing binaries, high frequency modes in a Be star, and potential heat-driven pulsations in two Oe stars.Conclusions.We identify stars for which future asteroseismic modelling is possible, provided mode identification is achieved. By comparing the position of the variables to theoretical instability strips, we discuss the current shortcomings in non-adiabatic pulsation theory and the distribution of pulsators in the upper Hertzsprung–Russell diagram.
Endocrine Conditions and COVID-19
Authors: Shekhar Skand , Wurth Rachel , Kamilaris Crystal D. C. , Eisenhofer Graeme , Barrera Francisco J. , Hajdenberg Michelle , Tonleu Joselyne , Hall Janet E. , Schiffrin Ernesto L. , Porter Forbes , Stratakis Constantine A. , Hannah-Shmouni Fady 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 was declared a global pandemic by the WHO and has affected millions of patients around the world. COVID-19 disproportionately affects persons with endocrine conditions, thus putting them at an increased risk for severe disease. We discuss the mechanisms that place persons with endocrine conditions at an additional risk for severe COVID-19 and review the evidence. We also suggest precautions and management of endocrine conditions in the setting of global curfews being imposed and offer practical tips for uninterrupted endocrine care.
Erfahrungen von PhysiotherapeutInnen mit der Behandlung von
Covid-19-PatientInnen – eine narrative Beschreibung der Auswirkungen auf
das Personal
Authors: Best Norman , Mohring Ulrike , Glaser Alexander , Scholz Ulrike , Smolenski Ulrich Christian 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel stellt eine Zusammenfassung persönlicher
Eindrücke dar, die PhysiotherapeutInnen bei Behandlung von
COVID-19-PatientInnen auf der Intensivstation erleben. Es werden seelische
und körperliche Eindrücke geschildert und weitere
Auswirkungen auf soziale und alltägliche Belange aufgezeigt. Von
zentraler Bedeutung sind dabei weniger die Ängste, sondern eher die
Sorgen. Die Arbeit mit COVID-19-Patienten zeigt Auswirkungen auf alle
Bereich des privaten und beruflichen Umfeldes der KollegInnen.
Radical Strategy for the Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of γ-Lactones: A Review
Authors: Song Ren-Jie , Wei Bin , Li Ke-Wei , Wu Yan-Chen , Tong Shi-Qi 
Published: June 2020

The γ-lactone skeleton is very important component of various natural products, biological molecules, food additives, and perfumes. As a result, much effort has been made towards such compounds. In this review, we summarize recent progress in transition-metal-catalyzed annulation reactions for the formation of γ-lactone derivatives through a radical pathway. Various reagents, such as anhydrides, Togni’s reagent, TMSN3, arenesulfonyl chlorides, arenediazonium salts, dibenzoyl peroxides, O-benzoylhydroxylamine, NFSI, and α-halocarboxylic compounds, used in radical cyclization reactions are described, and the mechanisms of these radical annulation reactions are also discussed.1	Introduction2	Annulations of Alkenes with Anhydrides3	Annulations of Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids with Nucleophiles4	Annulations of Alkenes with α-Halocarboxylic Compounds5	Conclusions and Outlook
Photogrammetric Analysis of Orolabial Region in South Indians
Authors: Packiriswamy Vasanthakumar , Kumar Pramod , Bashour Mounir 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn lip reconstructive surgery, knowledge of orolabial dimensions and position according to ethnicity, age, and gender are important to obtain satisfactory results. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of information related to these values in South Indians. The objective of the present study was to quantify the orolabial dimensions and position in South Indians. Evaluation of orolabial features was performed on standardized frontal and lateral of 400 South Indian subjects (200 males and 200 females), aged 18 to 30 years. The measured parameters were evaluated by an independent t-test. Significant sexual dimorphism was found in 12 of 13 measurements. Except upper lip reference to E plane, all other linear measurements such as mouth width, philtrum width, lower lip reference to E plane, upper lip height, cutaneous upper lip, upper and lower vermilion height, cutaneous lower lip height, lower lip height, and labiotragial distance were significantly greater in males than females. Angular measurements, interlabial angle, and labiomental angle were significantly greater in females. Clinically significant sexual dimorphism existed for mouth width, labiotragial distance, interlabial angle, and labiomental angle (mean difference > 3 mm). Out of the four orolabial indices, only intercanthal/mouth width indices showed a significant sexual difference. In both sexes, the triangular shape of philtral column was most common. Comparative analysis between South Indians and North American whites revealed significant differences in all measurements and some resemblance to the Han Chinese. The knowledge of the obtained mean values might be useful in the maintenance of the functional and aesthetic quality of this region during surgical planning.