bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a third‐party action incident in a gas pipeline: A case study of the Cuiabá Lateral Pipeline in Brazil
Authors: Silva Bruno Felippe , Filho Pedro Prudêncio de Morais 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe impact of third‐party actions remains a primary cause of induced failures in transportation systems. In response, the operational safety management system needs continual revision and robust implementation to mitigate such risks effectively. This study goes through the analysis of an incident involving the rupture of a gas pipeline, specifically examining the event that happened in January 2021 along the Cuiabá Lateral Pipeline in Mato Grosso, Brazil. A comprehensive comparative evaluation is undertaken, contrasting the investigation taken by the pipeline operator, and the analysis conducted by the regulatory body. Within the Brazilian context, operators are mandated to adhere to the Technical Regulation of Onshore Oil and Gas Pipelines (RTDT), a regulatory framework grounded in process safety, encompassing requirements for inspection, community engagement, and incident investigations. The regulator assumes an important role in evaluating the investigations carried out by operators. This research sheds light on the divergent perspectives surrounding the management system, depending on whether it is viewed from the operator's lens or the regulator's standpoint. operators tend to emphasize community actions, whereas regulators focus on the efficacy of preventive measures against third‐party actions, underscoring the significance of inspection frequency.
Reproducibility of local cold‐season characteristics, ice episodes, and prevailing circulation patterns in regional climate models
Authors: Bell Louisa Marie , Schlünzen K. Heinke , Sieck Kevin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigates cold‐season characteristics and the occurrence of ice episodes for a target region in northern Germany. Additionally, it identifies the characteristic atmospheric patterns associated with ice episodes using reanalysis data. A pattern‐matching method is developed, which uses the structural similarity index to determine whether regional climate models (RCMs) can reproduce the ice‐episode specific atmospheric patterns identified from the reanalysis data. The results show that the frequency of ice days is overestimated, but not the frequency of frost days. This suggests a daytime cold bias in the RCMs in this region, as maximum temperatures are too low. Moreover, most of the analysed RCMs simulate too many ice episodes ( 5 consecutive ice days). The developed pattern‐matching demonstrates, based on reanalysis data, that ice episodes in the target region can be associated with a variety of different atmospheric patterns. Specifically, longer ice episodes (lasting 14–29 consecutive ice days) in the target region are associated with a blocking pattern over Iceland/the British Isles. This is the most frequent pattern observed during ice episodes in the target region. The least frequent patterns show a system of low GPH over the European continent and are associated with shorter ice episodes (6–8 consecutive ice days) in the target region. The RCMs can reproduce these patterns and their frequency well, regardless of their forcing, and these patterns are also associated with ice episodes in the RCMs. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the “typical” blocking pattern is not a reliable indicator for ice episodes in the target region.
Asymptotic Properties of Matthews Correlation Coefficient
Authors: Itaya Yuki , Tamura Jun , Hayashi Kenichi , Yamamoto Kouji 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEvaluating classifications is crucial in statistics and machine learning, as it influences decision‐making across various fields, such as patient prognosis and therapy in critical conditions. The Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), also known as the phi coefficient, is recognized as a performance metric with high reliability, offering a balanced measurement even in the presence of class imbalances. Despite its importance, there remains a notable lack of comprehensive research on the statistical inference of MCC. This deficiency often leads to studies merely validating and comparing MCC point estimates—a practice that, while common, overlooks the statistical significance and reliability of results. Addressing this research gap, our paper introduces and evaluates several methods to construct asymptotic confidence intervals for the single MCC and the differences between MCCs in paired designs. Through simulations across various scenarios, we evaluate the finite‐sample behavior of these methods and compare their performances. Furthermore, through real data analysis, we illustrate the potential utility of our findings in comparing binary classifiers, highlighting the possible contributions of our research in this field.
Preparation of Pitch Porous Nitrogen‐doped Carbon and Its Low‐temperature Lithium Storage Properties
Authors: Dong Wei , Wang Changliang , Shen Ding , Li Sinan , Xue Mingzheng , Yang Shaobin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical performance of conventional lithium‐ion batteries are significantly deteriorates at low temperatures, posing a significant challenge in the development of battery technology. This paper addresses this issue by focusing on the synthesis of a nitrogen‐doped porous carbon material with fast lithium‐ion diffusion and reaction kinetics at low temperatures. The material was prepared using pitch as a precursor, urea as a nitrogen source and blowing agent, and SiO2 as a template. The obtained nitrogen‐doped porous carbon material (denoted as PN‐2) displayed a specific surface area of 167.64 m2/g and approximately five microcrystalline layers when the urea addition was 20%. Notably, at low temperatures, PN‐2 demonstrated an impressive discharge specific capacity, with average values of 372, 295, 254, and 197 mAh/g at 25 °C, 0 °C, −20 °C, and −40 °C, respectively. The large specific surface area of the porous carbon material effectively increased the active sites for lithium ions, promoting rapid diffusion and improved lithium/delithium kinetics, thus enhancing the multiplicity performance at low temperatures. This research provides the valuable insights for the design of high‐performance lithium‐ion battery materials suitable for cold climate environments.
Characterization, Kinetics, Optimization, and Isotherm Studies of Methyl Green Adsorption on Iron Dithiocarbamate Complex
Authors: Alderhami Suliman A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIron (III) diethyldithiocarbamate complex (Fe(DTC)) of the general formula [Fe(S2CN(Et)2)3] was synthesized and characterized using chemical, thermogravimetric (TGA/DTG), and (FT‐IR) analysis. The vapor adsorption tests verified that the Fe(DTC) was mesoporous and that the pore surface area was 16.73 m2/g, according to the N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherm. The main aim of this study is to eliminate methyl green (MG) from water via Fe(DTC) adsorption. The adsorption experiments, that investigated the influence of pH and mass, demonstrated that both of these factors have an impact on adsorption. The optimal conditions for MG adsorption onto the Fe(DTC) metal complex were 0.05 g for a Fe(DTC) mass and a pH value of 7 ± 0.2. At 333 K, the maximum capacity for the Fe(DTC) metal complex adsorbent was 26 mg/g for MG. At 180 min, the elimination efficiency for MG dye was approximately 87%. Based on the kinetic experiments, the pseudo‐second‐order model was determined to be the most appropriate for assessing the adsorption process. The mechanism of adsorption was studied by appropriating the adsorption data to the Temkin, Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and Radushkevich models. The results can be adequately described by the Langmuir model.
Carbon Quantum Dots Based Nanocomposite for Selective Mercury Detection
Authors: Das Rahul Kumar , Singh Gaurav Pratap , Yadav Dharmveer , Palwe Ajinkya , Kumar Chandan , Saxena Sumit , Shukla Shobha 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe emergence of 2D carbon‐based materials has a profound impact on various research areas, such as biosciences, electronics, optics, environmental protection, and monitoring. Mercury, a highly toxic pollutant, can cause severe health complications such as neural toxicity, insomnia, cognitive dysfunction, muscle atrophy, peripheral vision impairment, and emotional instability. A suitable 2D nanostructural interface is required to effectively monitor mercury levels in the environment. This study presents the use of synergistic nitrogen and sulfur co‐doped carbon quantum dots anchored on exfoliated molybdenum disulfide for rapid detection of mercury ions. This process employs a biomass extract that facilitates the exfoliation of bulk molybdenum disulfide and also act as carbon precursor for in situ carbon quantum dot deposition on exfoliated molybdenum disulfide. The nanocomposite provides photo‐physical properties and surface functionalities from both organic and inorganic components to bridge the charge transfer, resulting from selective binding of mercury (II) ions. This 2D heterojunction is capable of detecting mercury (II) ions with a response time of ≈90 s, limit of detection of 31pm, and photosensitivity of 16.6A cm−2 M−1. The interface is tested on blood samples from Labeorohita fish to detect mercury (II) toxicity in nature.
UV/Ozone‐Induced Interface Engineering for High‐Performance Horizontal Organic Light‐Emitting Transistors Operating at Low Voltage
Authors: Li Xiteng , Wu Zhouying , Peng Wenbo , Li Zhitong , Yang Kai , Zheng Xiwei , Meng Lingqiang , Chen Hong , Wang Yueyue , Han Jun , He Yaowu , Xu Meili , Meng Hong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMultifunctional organic light‐emitting transistors (OLETs), which combine electric‐switching and light‐producing capabilities into a single device, are attracting increasing interest as promising candidates for new‐generation display technology. Despite advancements in the design of organic luminescent materials and the optimization of device geometry configurations, maintaining operating voltage low while enhancing optical performances remains a key challenge in horizontally structured OLETs. Here, a simple and effective interfacial engineering strategy is employed to improve the optical properties of horizontal OLETs operating at low voltage, by introducing ultraviolet ozone (UVO)‐induced surface modification on high‐k dielectrics. It takes the role to not only control the surface activation states of dielectric layers but also optimize the growth dynamics behavior of channel film benefitting from the strong interfacial interaction between chemically modified dielectric surface and channel seed molecules. The optimized horizontal‐channel OLET exhibits a significantly high brightness of 9,484 cd m−2, more than 25 times greater than that of untreated OLETs (347 cd m−2), along with a peak EQE of 9.64%, a low operating voltage of 15 V, and good dynamic gate stress stability, outperforming other reported horizontal‐channel high‐performance OLETs. This work demonstrates that dielectric/semiconductor interface engineering is essential for high‐performance transistor‐based optoelectronic devices including horizontal OLETs.
Unnatural Handwriting Behaviors
Authors: Bird Carolyne Lindsay , Jones Kylie 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThere are many factors that a forensic handwriting examiner (FHE) must consider during an examination of handwriting or signatures. One common and critical consideration is whether the examined material, including both questioned and known writing, is the product of a disguise or simulation process, or is naturally written. This Overview provides information important for the FHE to know regarding common methods of simulation (including tracing and freehand) and disguise, and the corresponding features that may be observed in the written trace. Equally important for the FHE to understand are the limitations and uncertainties associated with interpreting indictors of unnatural writing behaviors. This is because certain circumstances, such as unusual writing surfaces or conditions, may result in similar features to those expected due to unnatural writing processes. Appreciating the complexities associated with the examination and interpretation of writing displaying evidence of an unnatural writing process will assist FHEs in appropriately assessing the evidence.
Connecting the Disconnected: Telephones, Activism, and “Faring Well” in Britain, 1950–2000
Authors: Bradley Kate 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter critically examines the ways in which 24-hour telephones were used by radical activist groups from the 1960s and 1970s to connect people in a timely fashion with the experiential expertise they needed to “fare well” whilst navigating a state that was all too often hostile. The telephone lines run by Defence and Release offered immediate help to Black people and those involved with the counterculture who found themselves in trouble with the police or landlords, or otherwise struggling to access the services they needed. Run by the community for the community, these lines offered a model of how expertise acquired from dealing with the police and other state services could be mobilised and shared with others. The hotline concept moved from the counterculture to the mainstream during the 1970s and 1980s, showing how the telephone was a vital tool by which citizens could assert their right to “fare well” within the Welfare State.
Navigierte und minimalinvasive Schraubenosteosynthese einer Talusfraktur
Authors: Haida Dominik M. , Möhlig Thorsten , Huber-Wagner Stefan 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung

Operationsziel
Das Ziel dieser Operation ist es, eine mehrfragmentäre und undislozierte Talusfraktur (Corpus und Hals) navigiert und minimalinvasiv mittels Schraubenosteosynthese gegen eine sekundäre Dislokation abzusichern.

Indikation
Aufgrund des jungen Alters des Patienten im Beispielfall und auch der Gefahr einer möglichen sekundären Dislokation wurde die Entscheidung zur Operation getroffen.

Kontraindikationen
Weichteilschwellung, Wundinfektion und Allergien gegen das Osteosynthesematerial.

Operationstechnik
In dem Online verfügbaren Video (auf Englisch) erfolgt eine detaillierte Darstellung der einzelnen Operationsschritte.
Präoperative CT-Bildgebung und Schraubenplanung. Befestigung der Referenzeinheit. 1. CBCT-Scan, Bildfusion und Fusionskontrolle. Planung der minimalinvasiven Hautschnitte. Hautschnitt, navigierte Bohrungen und Einführen der Kirschner(K)-Drähte. 2. CBCT-Scan und Lagekontrolle der K‑Drähte, wenn nötig Feinjustierung dieser. Einbringen der Schrauben. 3. CBCT-Scan mit anschließender Lagekontrolle der Schrauben, wenn nötig, ein Nachziehen dieser.
Durchgeführt in der „Robotic Suite“ (Brainlab, München, Deutschland) unter der Verwendung folgender Elemente: Navigationseinheit „Curve Navigation System“, fahrbarer robotischer 3D-Computertomograph (CBCT), „Loop-X“ und der Wandmonitor „BUZZ“.

Weiterbehandlung
Postoperatives Röntgen und CT zur Lagekontrolle der Implantate. Teilbelastung des Fußes mit 10 kg bei Sohlenkontakt für 6 Wochen. Physiotherapie mit aktiver und passiver Gelenkmobilisation. Thromboseprophylaxe mit Enoxaparin-Natrium. Metallentfernung fakultativ nach ca. einem Jahr.

Evidenz
Navigierte Operationen sind Routine, bisher v. a. im Bereich der Wirbelsäule. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, dass navigierte Eingriffe an den Extremitäten erfolgreich in Hybrid-OP durchgeführt werden können.
Updates implemented in version 4 of the GlyCosmos Glycoscience Portal
Authors: Lee Sunmyoung , Ono Tamiko , Masaaki Shiota , Fujita Akihiro , Matsubara Masaaki , Zappa Achille , Yamada Issaku , Aoki-Kinoshita Kiyoko F. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Glycosylation, characterized by its complexity and diversity, is a common system across all domains of life. The glycosylation of proteins or lipids imparts them with structural and functional roles, ranging from development to infectious or Mendelian disease. The high-throughput-based omics data has revealed that glycans are involved in important cellular processes. Comprehensive knowledge of glycosylation has contributed not only to the fundamental concepts in glycoscience but also to its applications, including the development of molecular markers for diagnosis and therapeutic tools for treating diseases. The GlyCosmos Glycoscience Portal (GlyCosmos) has undergone significant updates to better support the scientific community in studying glycosylation-related phenomena. Key enhancements include the integration of expanded datasets linking glycans to other omics fields, improved tools for glycan structure prediction and analysis, and upgraded visualization capabilities to streamline data interpretation. A strengthened focus on data standardization has also been introduced, fostering interoperability between glycoscience resources and external databases. Since its release in 2019, the portal has seen a fivefold increase in user engagement, reflecting its growing relevance. These recent advancements aim to provide researchers with a more comprehensive and user-friendly platform, enabling deeper insights into glycan roles in cellular processes and disease mechanisms. GlyCosmos will continue to evolve, prioritizing community needs and advancing the integration of glycoscience with broader biological and biomedical research.

Graphical Abstract
An unbiased rank-based estimator of the Mann–Whitney variance including the case of ties
Authors: Brunner Edgar , Konietschke Frank 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Many estimators of the variance of the well-known unbiased and uniform most powerful estimator of the Mann–Whitney effect, are considered in the literature. Some of these estimators are only valid in cases of no ties or are biased in small sample sizes where the amount of bias is not discussed. Here, we derive an unbiased estimator based on different rankings, the so-called ’placements’ (Orban and Wolfe in Commun Stat Theory Methods 9:883–904, 1980), which is therefore easy to compute. This estimator does not require the assumption of continuous distribution functions and is also valid in the case of ties. Moreover, it is shown that this estimator is non-negative and has a sharp upper bound, which may be considered an empirical version of the well-known Birnbaum–Klose inequality. The derivation of this estimator provides an option to compute the biases of some commonly used estimators in the literature. Simulations demonstrate that, for small sample sizes, the biases of these estimators depend on the underlying distribution functions and thus are not under control. This means that in the case of a biased estimator, simulation results for the type-I error of a test or the coverage probability of a confidence interval do not only depend on the quality of the approximation of by a normal distribution but also an additional unknown bias caused by the variance estimator. Finally, it is shown that this estimator is

$$L_2$$

L
2

-consistent.
One app fits all? Ethische Reflexion digitaler Gesundheitsanwendungen in der Adipositas-Versorgung
Authors: Wellmann Anouk , Müller Regina , Hansen Solveig Lena 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
In Deutschland besteht derzeit eine erhebliche Versorgungslücke bei Adipositas, da es keinen einheitlichen Therapiepfad gibt. Leistungen variieren regional und müssen häufig durch Einzelfallentscheidungen genehmigt werden. Angesichts dieser Problematik wird die Integration digitaler Adipositas-Anwendungen in die bestehende Versorgung diskutiert. Die vorliegende Analyse bietet eine ethische Reflexion über den Einsatz solcher Anwendungen. Sie bewertet deren Eignung für die komplexe chronische Erkrankung Adipositas, die multifaktorielle Ursachen und eine heterogene Betroffenengruppe aufweist. Der Artikel untersucht die sozialen, beratenden und organisatorischen Rahmenbedingungen, die erforderlich sind, um den Bedürfnissen der Betroffenen gerecht zu werden. Damit sollen erste Impulse für eine ethisch reflektierte Begleitung der medizinischen Implementierung und Evaluation von digitalen Adipositas-Anwendungen entstehen. Wir kontextualisieren erstens Adipositas in der deutschen Gesundheitsversorgung mit einem besonderen Fokus auf die organisatorischen Aspekte digitaler Anwendungen. Zweitens fassen wir den Forschungsstand zu den Bedürfnissen von Patient*innen mit Adipositas zusammen und reflektieren die aktuelle Versorgungslage aus einer normativen Perspektive der Bedürfnisgerechtigkeit. Insbesondere Stigmatisierung und Diskriminierung, Diversität der Patient*innengruppe und ganzheitliche Regelversorgung spielen aus dieser Perspektive eine Rolle. Abschließend diskutieren wir unsere Erkenntnisse im Hinblick auf zukünftige Forschungsdesiderate aus empirisch-ethischer Sicht.
Orthostatic test shows higher systolic blood pressure and sympathetic response in uncomplicated type 1 diabetes patients with normal V̇O2max vs. healthy controls
Authors: Sorola Samu , Hyrylä Vesa , Eronen Timo , Kupari Saana , Venojärvi Mika , Tikkanen Heikki , Tarvainen Mika , Lindholm Harri 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy remains underdiagnosed in type 1 diabetes mellitus, posing a risk for severe complications, particularly in patients with lowered V̇O2max, compared to controls. This study aimed to determine whether heart rate variability during cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests reveals early signs of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus and normal cardiovascular fitness, compared to healthy controls.

Methods
A type 1 diabetes mellitus group (n = 14) with no other diagnosed diseases (diabetes duration 15 ± 7 years) and a control group (n = 31) underwent deep breathing test, passive orthostatic test, and cardiopulmonary exercise test. Participants were assessed for heart rate variability, heart rate, blood pressure, and V̇O2max (mL/min/kg).

Results
Participant characteristics, including V̇O2max (mL/min/kg), showed no significant differences. The type 1 diabetes mellitus group had higher systolic blood pressure during the supine phase of the orthostatic test than healthy controls (131.6 ± 14.7 mmHg vs. 122.4 ± 10.8 mmHg, p = 0.022). After 5 mins in the upright position, systolic blood pressure (132.2 ± 20.6 mmHg vs. 118.7 ± 11.7 mmHg, p = 0.036), heart rate (85 (76; 89) bpm vs. 75 (72; 83) bpm, p = 0.013), and the root mean square of successive RR interval differences (20.22 (11.22; 27.42) vs. 27.11 (19.90; 35.52), p = 0.033) were significantly different compared to controls.

Conclusion
Patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus, despite having normal cardiorespiratory fitness, exhibited higher systolic pressure and greater sympathetic activation in orthostatic tests, suggesting subclinically altered cardiovascular autonomic function.
Workplace Aspects of Knowledge and Expertise Sharing Practices Supported by Augmented Reality Systems: Findings from a Design Case Study
Authors: Allen Eva Sonja , de Carvalho Aparecido Fabiano Pinatti , Hoffmann Sven , Schweitzer Marcus , Schaumann Kira 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this article, we present findings concerning how environment can both impact upon and be impacted by knowledge and expertise sharing practices (KES) supported by augmented reality (AR) systems. We draw on findings from a Design Case Study (DCS) carried out for the design and evaluation of an AR system to support KES in complex production contexts. Our results suggest that the proposed system not only changes the perception of the technical environment but is itself gradually perceived as an element of it. The results also reveal changes in the employees’ focus of attention when working with the AR-aid in question and how they individually adapt to it. Moreover, our findings suggest that the proposed system facilitates a change in the proximity between experts and non-experts, bridging spatial and temporal distances, fostering cooperation between those two categories of workers, at the same time that enhance their autonomy. Overall, the results highlight how changes in the social environment of digitised production cannot be separated from changes in the technical environment.