bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Human Capital Indicators in Iraq for 2010-2012
Authors: Al-Dabash Abduallah Hamad , Muhammad Nishteman Hassan 
Published: July 2020

Reflect the work on his mental capacity and muscle enjoyed by the man, and used for the production of goods and services strength. Meaning that the labor force constitutes the total forces that contribute and produce various goods and services in the community, and human capital is all the knowledge and capacity- and skills that Acquisition humans in society through education and practical experience, hypotheses of the study: "The human capital indicators in Iraq with low values and that the promise of the government's attention or develop the skills, knowledge and capabilities of human capital of the private sector to contribute effectively in the production and productivity and economic development of the country. objectives of the study: the research concluded: human capital in Iraq indicators show that it is very low, except illiteracy indicator that the high rate of illiteracy among the shows ages 15 and above, and this age group is young and active power economically . low skills and capabilities of the Iraqi workforce and the weakness of its contribution in the areas of creativity,
innovation and the associated weakness of education and the adoption of theoretical education and lack of negligent or practical levels of education or applied, which weakens the contribution to economic development capabilities. suffers head Iraqi human capital of neglect in the areas of training, rehabilitation and keep pace with global scientific and technological developments . Which led to the migration of Iraqi scientific talent to other countries to prove its Scientific and its place among the global labor force He suggested: improving the conditions of human capital, especially in the production of educational institutions. And through the development of training methods and the development of skills and attention to the practical aspects of the study. Must develop human capital are geared for practical purposes and appropriate to meet the needs of the short and long-term community. Strengthening the trend towards higher education scientific and practical studies in order to achieve development objectives and requirements of trained human resources.
The impact of cognitive abilities Academy of effective leadership in the areas of organizational development A Case Study in the University of Tikrit
Authors: Qadoori Fayaq Mashal 
Published: July 2020

The research aims at determining the correlation and effect between the(Cognitive abilities of leadership) and(The areas of organizational development) , has been applied at(Tikrit University) Through a form questionnaire distributed to(34) academic leaders of (University colleges). (SPSS) program is applied for the purpose of analyzing the data collected from the specimen. Generally, the research tries to find answers the following questions:

Is there a perception among the strategic minds in the researched the importance of cognitive abilities and areas of organizational development for their organizations educational organization?
Is there a correlation between the impact of the strategic thinker capabilities and the development of educational organization in the surveyed areas of relationship?.

The research found a set of conclusions and the most important is; The difference in academic leaders in philosophy and decisions lead to variation and differences in the effectiveness of the adopted development areas by educational organizations. proven a decrease in the level of contribution to the effectiveness of cognitive abilities in the areas of organizational development in spite of moral influence.
. In addition, it provides a set of proposals. The most important to reconsider building academic work tasks of leadership in educational organizations and to contain their contents and ambitions .Make the dimensions of a standard cognitive abilities to those prescribed in the leadership of the organized labor.
(ئایینی مەزدەکی) و شوێنەوارەکانی بەسەر دەوڵەتی خەلافەتی عەباسییەوە لەسەردەمی عەباسی یەکەمدا (132-232ک/750-847ز)
Authors: Anwar Kaiwan Azad 
Published: July 2020

Mazdaki is considered to be one of the ancient Iranian religions that have left marks not only on the Sassanid Empire but also on Abbasid Empire. The reason was that the Abbasids relied on non-Arabs including the Iranians to topple the Umayyad Caliphate and get to power. They pledged to compensate their sacrifices when they took power. A distinguished character called Abu Muslim Khurasani cooperated with the Abbasids, championed their cause and played a leading role in helping them to seize power. Having gained power, the Abbasids reneged on their earlier promise and took a hostile position against them, instead, and murdered Abu Muslim Khurasani – an event that turned to an opportunity for Mazdaki followers to rebel to get back their previous achievements. Rawandi and Khurami as two branches of Mazdaki confronted the Abbasid Caliphate but they were finally defeated by overwhelming power of the Caliphate.
Mazdkians were followers of Mazdak, Bamdad’s son, who rose in 488 AD at Sassanid Qabad I. He was a religious man and appeared from Sassanid Empire. Mazdak attacked Zoroastrianism, which was the state religion for ten years. Later, the Sassanid authorities became hostile and Sassanid Anawshirwan ordered him to be eliminated in 536, although the religion continued up to more modern times.
To write this paper, the authors have used more than one hundred references in Arabic, Kurdish, Persian, and English. First, the history of Mazdak’s name and personality has been explored to find out its etymology, family and place of birth. Second, Mazdaki religion and the views of theologists, historians, and orientalists have been discussed. Next, the significance of Mazdakifon Abbasid Caliphate during Abbas I has been addressed to realize its influences over the state. The bibliography and the abstract in English and Arabic come at the end of the paper
رۆڵى حکومەتى ئەلکترۆنى لە بنیاتنانى حوکمرانى دروستدا
Authors: Mohammed Amin Peshraw Ali 
Published: July 2020

ميَذوى مرؤظايةتى بة سةردةم و قؤناغى جيا جيادا تيَثةريوة تا طةيشتؤتة ئةم ئاستةى ئةمرؤمان، ئةمةرؤيةك كة ثةيوةنديةكانى نيَوان دةولَةتةكانى جيهان لةلايةك وة هاولاتيان و دةولَةتةكان لة لايةكى تروة هيَندة خيَرابوة كة دةتوانين لةماوةى ضةند خولةكيَك ، ثةيوةندى بة دورترين شويَنى جيهانةوة بكةيت ، كة هةموو ئةمانةش لة ئةنجامى ثيَشكةوتنى تةكنةلؤجياى ثةيوةندى و زانياريةكانة (ICT).
هةموو حكومةتيَك كة دادةمةزريَت ئامانجى سةرةكى خزمةت كردنى كؤمةلَطا و بةرِيَوةبردنى يةتى بة شيَوةيةكى باش، بةلاَم ئةوةى كة دةبيَت رِةضاو بكريَت ليَرةدا ئةوةية كة تةنها بةرِيَوةبردنى كاروبارى خةلَك و ثيَشكةش كردنى خزمةت طوزاريةكان بةس نين بةلَكو دةبيَت ضؤنيةتى ثيَشكةش كردن و بةرِيَوةبردنى خزمةت طوزارى و كاروبارةكانى هاونيشتمانيان بةهةند وةربطيريَت، ئةمةش لة ريَطةى بةكارهيَنانى شيَوازى نويَ لة بةرِيَوة بردنى كاروبارةكان و ثيَشكةش كردنى خزمةت طوزاريةكان . هةر بؤية لة ولاَتانى ثيَشكةوتوى جيهاندا بةطشتى و ولاتانى ئةوروثا و ئةمريكا بة تايبةتى بيرؤكةى حكومةتى ئةلكترؤنى دةركةوت وةك ريَطةيةكى تازة بؤ ئةداى ضالاكيةكانى حكومةت و دام و دةزطاكانى بة شيَوةيةكى خيَرا و كواليتيَكى بةرزتر ، كة هةموو ئةمانةش خؤى لةخؤيدا ريَطة خؤش كةرة بؤ ضون بةرةو حوكمرانى دروست (Good Governance ).
Analysis of performance standards in the educational institution College of Business and Economics, Sulaimaniyah University as a model
Authors: Hussein Ali Jalal , Abd-Ali Khalid Haidar 
Published: July 2020

The analysis of performance quality standards in the educational institution considering that it’s one of the most important service sectors which is one of the most important fields in which creativity and scientific research are stimulated in a direction for achieving continuous development as a service for the community.
The college of administration and economics in the University of Sulaimaniyah was chosen as example to apply these standards in the frame of instructions that was set by the ministry of higher education in the Kurdistan region as a basis to achieve the reform, change and development in this field.
The impact of the means of communication on family relationships
Authors: Hussein Twana Faraidun 
Published: July 2020

This research tries to access to a range of outcomes, and to answer the fundamental question, a search (What is the impact of the means of communication on family relationships?).Try researcher through the form of a questionnaire to collect information in the field of the research community and in order to achieve his goal, And it relied on the questionnaire form for being an important means used extensively in sociology studies, The center of the city of Sulaymaniyah spatial boundaries of the search, where it is taken (200) and a sample search unit and distributed to three different areas (rich, middle and poor) by taking a stratified random sample, The fact that the population of the city of Sulaymaniyah different in terms of economic and cultural level, it's easy to take the mixed researcher and different sample representing the research community in terms of level, category, and class. They were assembled for the purpose of research and study.
It must be pointed out that this research is particularly important at the present time because the means of communication have spread widely in the Kurdish community and become accessible to everyone on the one hand, on the other hand, the number of users of these methods is increasing day by day, This is in addition to the increased demand for them constantly, making conduct such research in this importance area to see its impact on family relationships, and knowledge of its money from the effects (negative and positive) It is known that this means a double-edged her weapon of negative and positive effects at the same time, It must be the effort to reduce the negative effects of these tools and become members of the community in the service, and most importantly of all, do educate individuals on how to deal with these tools properly.
It also offers search a set of proposals and recommendations to the concerned authorities to work out and strengthen the community in front of the challenges of the era of globalization of communications and response, where he became the Kurdish community a society open to the outside world through these means, which resulted in a change of values and social norms and behaviors that were adhered to by members of the community.
Translation Constraints and Procedures to Overcome them in Rendering Journalistic Texts
Authors: Rasul Sabir Hasan 
Published: July 2020

Even the simplest, most basic requirement we make of translation cannot be met without difficulty: one cannot always match the content of a message in language A by an expression with exactly the same content in language B, because what can be expressed and what must be expressed is a property of a specific language in much the same way as how it can be expressed.
Translation cannot be done without difficulties and constraints, no matter what languages are involved. It is more so in translating between English and Kurdish, which are marked by different linguistic systems and socio-cultural incongruities. When encountered with translation constraints, translators usually resort to employing translation procedures in a bid to eliminate such difficulties and ultimately achieve translation adequacy. This study aims to identify the patterns of translation constraints encountered when translating journalistic texts from English into Kurdish, as well as identify the patterns of translation procedures employed to overcome such constraints. The aim behind this endeavour is to first better understand the working process of professional or semi-professional journalist-translators working into Kurdish, and secondly, to heighten trainee translators’ awareness and introduce them to the nature and patterns of translation difficulties and the translation procedures undertaken to overcome such difficulties.
Problems facing Kurdish students in learning Arabic (University of Human Development and Sulaymaniyah as a model)
Authors: Nasrualldeen Abduallah Adham 
Published: July 2020

يتناول البحث تعلُّمَ العربية لغير الناطقين بها كلغة ثانية، ويتحدث عن طبيعة الدارسين لها وجنسياتهم وبيئتهم ويشير إلى تلك المشكلات التي تواجه طلبة القومية الكردية في تعلمهم العربية في الجامعات الكردية، والبحث بطبيعته قائم على دراسة ميدانية أجراها الباحث من خلال ورقة استبيان على طلبة القومية الكردية كون لغتهم أقرب إلى العربية بيئيَّاً وجغرافياً، وقد تمَّ هذا الإجراء الاستبياني في جامعتي (السليمانية ، والتنمية البشرية إنموذجا) في كردستان العراق، ونتج عنه كبذرة أولى ماهية المشكلات والصعوبات التي تواجههم في تعلُّمهم العربية كلغة ثانية؛ إذ إنَّ الطالب الكردي يدخل في الكلية وهمُّه أن يتعلم اللغة العربية لكنه ينصدم ببعض العوائق والمشكلات التي تكون حاجزا منيعا بينه وبين تعلمه العربية.
وإنَّ من تلك المشكلات المفترضة نوعية المنهج المقرر، وطرق تدريس العربية ، والوسائل التعليمية لها، وغيرها من المشكلات والعوائق التي أخذها الباحث بنظر الاعتبار مما سينتبه إليها في ثنايا البحث ويذكر نسبها ونوعياتها بالتفصيل.
وقد خرج الباحث بمجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات التي من أهمها:

بالنسبة للاستنتاجات فإن المنهج المقرر ليس في مستوى المتعلمين ولا بد من مراعاة مستواه والمتعلمين، وكذلك الوسائل التعليمية وطرق التدريس فهي تحتاج إلى تعديل متطور، وكذلك إبعاد اللهجة العاميَّة أثناء التعليم وغيرها.

بالنسبة للتوصيات فلا بد من الأخذ بنظر الاعتبار وضع منهج مقرر يتناسب مع مستويات المتعلمين، وخلق بيئة مؤثرة على نفسية المتعلمين من خلال الترغيب المطلوب وإيجاد مشاريع عمل مستقبلية لهم وقاعات عمل تطبيقية وغيرها.
The Legend of Sisyphus in Contemporary Arabic Poetry
Authors: Ali-Khan Media Mohsen 
Published: July 2020

تُعد الأسطورة من المواضيع الشيقة التي أثارت انتباه الشعراء والنقاد والباحثين , لقد شاهدنا منذ منتصف القرن الماضي توجهاً واسعا نحو الاسطورة بكل أنواعها و الأساطير اليونانية على وجه التحديد , و هذا التوجه لايزال قائماً الى يومنا هذا , فأردنا أن نبيّن الأسباب التي أدت الى هذا الأمر , صحيح أن الأبحاث التي أُجريت حول الاسطورة عديدة و لكننا نرى هذا الحقل واسعاً لدرجة تتَّسع لعشرات بل لمئات الابحاث الأخرى , وهذا البحث يركز على مفهوم الاسطورة وإنعكاس شخصية سيزيف في الشعر العربي المعاصر, وتكمن أهمية البحث في أنه يتمحور حول شخصية اسطورية اختلف الشعراء في تفسيرهم لرمزيتها كل حسب رؤيته لهذه الشخصية. ففي قراءاتنا للشعر العربي المعاصر تعارفنا عدة مرات على إسطورة سيزيف فرأيناها رمزاً للعذاب الأبدي و اليأس و اللاجدوى تارةً و رمزاً للأمل و المقاومة تارةً أُخرى , و كيف ذلك ؟ كيف يحمل الشيء الواحد نقيضَين ؟ مَن الذي وُفِقَ في فهمه لهذه الاسطورة ؟ هل هناك جهة رابحة و جهة خاسرة في تطرقهم لسيزيف ؟ كيف رأى الشعراء سيزيف ؟ هذا ما نحاول الوصول اليه في هذا البحث.
والبحث مقسَّم الى مبحثين : المبحث الأول: الاسطورة و تلهُّف الشاعر العربي المعاصر لها , و المبحث الثاني: أسطورة سيزيف في الشعر العربي المعاصر, وهذا مِن خلال نماذج شعرية من الشعر العربي المعاصر .
وتضمَّنت الخاتمة أبرز النتائج التي توصل اليها البحث.
Thought Centers and their Impact on Public Policy Making in the Kurdistan Region (Critical Study)
Authors: Fattah Omed Rafiq 
Published: July 2020

Today, think tanks and research centers are the most important indictors to assess the state development and expect the possibilities for the future. According to academic and scientific perception, these think tanks offer scientific research and analysis for all the issues and problems facing the state. From this perspective, the think tanks deals with the causes of the problems, offer recommendations and solutions.
This research is mainly an attempt to investigate the obstacles and opportunities of the think tanks in Kurdistan region. By doing this, we can determine the capability of Kurdistan in terms of research, and also we can inform the Kurdish decision makers in Kurdistan that in today's world the process of making decision is not related with the personal mood or personalization, but rational. For instance, the policy makers in the modern countries such as the United States, in their decisions and public policy largely depend on the recommendations and solutions that are given by think tanks, which is why the United States allocates large amounts of money for think
Illegal guarantees of the legitimacy of state authority
Authors: Sadeq Falah Mustafa 
Published: July 2020

In this research, we shown that there are legal guarantees that works to protect the rights and freedoms of individuals from the arbitrariness of the state authorities, and in the case of counting the ability of the legal guarantees to provide the necessary protection for the rights and public freedoms by ensuring the legitimacy of state power.
And then we checked control organized political forces represented in media censorship and control of civil Society organizations, through a statement the concept of each of them, and determine the types, as well as the respective roles in ensuring the legitimacy of power through the control exercised by the work of the Authority for individual rights and freedoms guaranteed,and we chose to try to address a statement the concept of revolutionary censorship and types, as well as clarify the jurisprudence own legal adaptation of the revolutionary control and its impact on changing the political system in the state, and the right of people to self-determination through the exercise of this kind of control to ensure the legality of state power.We were checked in this study types A non - legal guarantee of the People's control, and control of organized political forces, and control revolutionary, we focus in our research on the statement types of popular oversight of protests and demonstrations, through the statement of the definition of each of them, and to clarify the types, and a comparison between the different legislation and look at each of them to two term Aforementioned.
ئەبولقاسمی لاهوتی ڕەوتی سياسی و پەيوەندی بە جوڵانەوەی سمكۆی شكاكەوە
Authors: Myka Hardi Mahdi 
Published: July 2020

ئةبولقاسمي لاهوتي، كورديَكي كرماشانية، لة ئةديبة رضةشكيَنةكاني ئةدةبي هاوضةرخي ئيَران و سياسةتمةداريَكي كاريطةري ناو روداوةكاني سالَاني ١٩٠٥-١٩٢٢.ز ئيَران و ناوضة كوردنشينةكانة. شاعيريَكي ياخي و ثيَشةنط و يةكةميةكاني شيعري هاوضةرخي ئيَرانة، لة يةكةمين سياسية كردةييةكانة كة بة كودةتايةك بةرةنطاري كودةتاكةي رةزاخان (رةزاشاي دواتر) و سةيد زيائوددين بوويةوة و باوةرِي وابوو هاتنة سةركاري رةزاخان مةترسيدارة و ثيَضةوانةي بزوتنةوةي ريفؤرمخوازية و سةرةتاي ضةسثاندني ئيستيبدادة لة ئيَران، هةرواش بوو ضونكة دواتر دةولَةتي مةركةزي وئيستيبدادي رةزاشاي ثةهلةوي ليَكةوتةوة.
جيا لةمانةش لاهوتي ضالاكية سياسي و ئةدةبيةكاني راستةوخؤ و ناراستةوخؤ ثةيوةنديدار بوون بة بزاوتي سياسي وكؤمةلَايةتي كؤمةلَطةي كوردي ئةو دةمةوة، ض وةك ئةدةب و ض وةك ضالاكي سياسي و كودةتاكةي تةوريَز-ي. بة تايبةت ثةيوةندي و كاريطةري و كارتيَكةري بة جولَانةوةي رزطاريخوازي كورد و شؤرِشةكةي سمكؤي شكاكةوة هةبووة.
زياتر لةوةش بة هؤي ئةوةي نيوةي ريَكي تةمةني لة يةكيَتي سؤظيةت بةسةربرد، هةر لةويَوة بيروراكاني لاهوتي كاريطةري دياريان لةسةر روانطةي رؤذهةلَاتناساني روسي لةبارةي كوردةوة جيَهيَشت، ليَرةدا هةولَدراوة لةريَي تويَذينةوةيةكي لاهوتي، سةرنج و روانينةكاني لةسةر كورد رون بكريَتةوة.
طرنطي ئةم تويَذينةوةية لة خستةرِو و شيكاري ئةو خالَانةي سةرةوة سةرضاوة دةطريَت و زياتر لةوةش كةسايةتي و سياسةت و كاريطةريةكاني لة ناوةندة ئةكاديميةكاني كوردستاندا نةبووةتة جيَطةي ليَتويَذينةوة و مشتومرِ. لة ناوةندة ئةكاديميةكاني ئيَرانيشدا زياتر وةك ئةديبيَكي ئيَراني و فارسينووس بووةتة بابةتي تويَذينةوةكان.
بؤ سةرضاوةكاني تويَذينةوةكة سود لة ياداشتة هاوضةرخةكاني ئيَرانيةكان وةرطيراوة (كة لة روي كات و شويَنةوة هاوذيان وهاوشويَني لاهوتي بوون)، هةروةها ثشت بة ضةند بةلَطةنامةية ئةرشيفي كتيَبخانةي ثةرلةماني ئيَران و ضةندين سةرضاوةي ديكةي ثةيوةست بة ذياني ئةبولقاسمي لاهوتي بةستراوة، كة راستةوخؤ و ناراستةوخؤ شاهيَدي روداو و ضالاكيةكاني ئةو بوون.
The Assassins: ancestors of modern Muslim suicide bombers?
Authors: Abdulrahman Salam Abdulqadir 
Published: July 2020

This article examines the methods and motivations of suicide assassination of the Assassins and draws similarity between them and modern Muslim suicide bombers. Current literature about suicide bombing often focuses on socio, economic and political factors and describes it as a revenge for injustice and bad conditions of life in general. This article does not deny the fact that there can be multiple motives and factors behind the individuals who commit acts of suicide bombing and that there are always political gains for the organisers, however it highlights the main driving force which is religion and a strong belief in the afterlife pleasure that motivates individuals to end their lives and the lives of others.
This article attempts to find ancestors for modern Muslim suicide bombers in an order called the Assassins lived from the eleventh to thirteenth centuries. The significance of this finding lies in the fact that there is something deep about suicide bombing; the Assassins lived in an environment very different from ours, yet they practiced suicide assassinations for a very long time. Agents of the Assassins were going through a long process of indoctrination and they were motivated by Paradise upon death.
In this article the history of this order is reviewed while their assassination activity is underscored. The article brings some examples from modern suicide bombers and highlights their similarities to the Assassins. It relies on the secondary sources available about the subject.
One finding is that there might be political gains for the organisers of suicide assassination or suicide bombing but for the individuals committing the act it is more the idea of Paradise and afterlife pleasure that drive them toward it. Thereby this article has its own contribution to the literature by makes recommendation to how to fight the root of this problem.
An Optimized Method Implemented In Analyzing of Organ System Using Intelligent Tools
Authors: Hamed Raed , Hameed Safa A. 
Published: July 2020

The paper proposes an efficient approach applied in DNA base calling, which concerns efficiency and sensitivity. We utilized the Neuro-Fuzzy model in the analysis issues to determine the confidence value prediction in DNA base calling, that is solved by several attempts applied in the MATLAB tool, the model is implemented for the collected data for each base in the DNA sequencing. The model is designed by using the ANFIS tool, which contains three subsystems a main system. We obtain three features (peakness, height, and spacing) for each base from the three subsystems and in the main system use these three features as the input to predict the confidence value for each base in the DNA. This achieves a high accuracy in the obtained results with high-performance.
Reform of criminal Code and Requirements building of Good Governance
Authors: Isa Hassan Abd-Ali 
Published: July 2020

The law is a key input for the establishment of good governance, it is no guarantee the rule of law cannot achieve good governance in the community requirements. So the law must be responsive to the objectives which aims to achieve good governance on the one hand, and the line with the social, economic and political transformations concurrent with his other hand. This dialectical relationship assumes without doubt the various branches of law reform, including the Iraqi Penal Code No. 111 of 1969.
The purpose statement that includes research on two aspects, the first focuses on clarifying dialectical relationship between good governance and reform of the Penal Code. The second shows the main directions of the reform of the Iraqi Penal Code No. 111 of 1969, with a focus on the most important, in the light of contemporary criminal policy. It is limited to the (humanization of the criminal law), and (expand criminalization circle), and (internationalization of the criminal law).