bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multivariate Analysis Reveals Different Responses of Antioxidant Defense in Wheat Plants Exposed to Arsenic (As) and Cadmium (Cd)
Authors: Moldes Carlos A. , Cantarelli Miguel A. , Heredia Jorgelina Z. , Camiña José M. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Multivariate analysis is a chemometric tool that has been little explored to
determine physiological status under heavy metal stress. Nevertheless, PCA has an unexplored potential
to determine the plant physiologic status and its modification under stress factors like heavy
metals.

Objectives:
This work aims to assess the physiological and biochemical effects and responses of
wheat plants under the different exposition of As and Cd using multivariate models.

Materials and Methods:
Wheat plants growing in a greenhouse were exposed to 0, 10 and 50 mg kg-1
soil of As and 0, 10 and 33 50 mg kg-1 soil of Cd until growth stage 5. After 56 days, wheat leaves
and roots were collected to determine dry weight, lipid peroxidation and the activity of three enzymes:
catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase. These measures were considered as
the variables of three performed multivariate models to determine physiological status.

Results:
Through the interpretation of score plot and loading plot in combination, it was possible to
determine that both As and Cd affect chlorophyll content and antioxidant response. However, a chlorophyll
decrease and a lipid peroxidation increase were observed together with an inhibition of antioxidant
response more accentuated in wheat plants exposed to As than those exposed to Cd.

Conclusions:
Multivariate analysis allows us to determine the differences between the physiological
behavior of both stressors, which turn this chemometric tools useful for the characterization of a
physiological response.
Segmented Poly(urea)urethane Nanoparticles: Size Optimization Using Taguchi Experimental Design and Nanoprecipitation Method
Authors: Chan-Chan Lerma Hanaiy , Martínez-Barbosa María Elisa , Vásquez-Alfaro Mónica Mayté , Cauich-Rodríguez Juan Valerio , Cervantes-Uc José Manuel , Lagarda-Diaz Irlanda , Maldonado Amir 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Polymeric nanomaterials are important for developing drug delivery systems.
The control of nanoparticle size, polydispersity, and morphology in these systems are important
goals. Therefore, different strategies have been explored depending on the type of materials
used.

Objective:
To prepare biodegradable segmented poly(urea)urethane nanoparticles and to optimize the
nanoparticle size and polydispersity using an experimental design methodology.

Methods:
In this work, a biodegradable segmented poly(urea)urethane (SPUU) was synthesized.
This polymer was used for nanoparticle preparation by the nanoprecipitation technique in the context
of the experimental design methodology Taguchi L9. SPUU and nanoparticles were characterized
using Fourier transformed infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, transmission electron microscopy,
scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering.

Results:
This methodology produced polymeric nanoparticles with mean sizes in the range of 60 to
220 nm with polydispersity in the range of 0.077 to 0.233. The statistical analysis showed that the
SPUU concentration and the stirring speed were the most influential parameters, while temperature,
at the studied range, did not show a relevant effect.

Conclusion:
The analysis of Taguchi’s experimental design resulted in the optimization of parameters
determining SPUU-NPs’ size. Nanoparticles from 60 nm of effective diameter were obtained at
low polymer concentration and higher stirring speed.
A Novel Method for Microsatellite Instability Detection by Liquid Biopsy Based on Next-generation Sequencing
Authors: Jiang Zheng , Liu Hui , Zhang Siwen , Liu Jia , Wang Weitao , Zang Guoliang , Meng Bo , Lin Huixin , Quan Jichuan , Zou Shuangmei , Yuan Dawei , Wang Xishan , Tian Geng , Lang Jidong 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a prognostic biomarker used to guide
medication selection in multiple cancers, such as colorectal cancer. Traditional PCR with capillary
electrophoresis and next-generation sequencing using paired tumor tissue and leukocyte samples
are the main approaches for MSI detection due to their high sensitivity and specificity. Currently,
patient tissue samples are obtained through puncture or surgery, which causes injury and risk of
concurrent disease, further illustrating the need for MSI detection by liquid biopsy.

Methods:
We propose an analytic method using paired plasma/leukocyte samples and MSI
detection using next-generation sequencing technology. Based on the theoretical progress of
oncogenesis, we hypothesized that the microsatellite site length in plasma equals the combination
of the distribution of tumor tissue and leukocytes. Thus, we defined a window-judgement method
to identify whether biomarkers were stable.

Results:
Compared to traditional PCR as the standard, we evaluated three methods in 20 samples
(MSI-H:3/MSS:17): peak shifting method using tissue vs. leukocytes, peak shifting method using
plasma vs. leukocytes, and our method using plasma vs. leukocytes. Compared to traditional PCR,
we observed a sensitivity of 100%, 0%, and 100%, and a specificity of 100.00%, 94.12%, and
88.24%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Our method has the advantage of possibly detecting MSI in a liquid biopsy and
provides a novel direction for future studies to increase the specificity of the method.
Addressing Recent PISA Rankings: The potential role of preschool physical environment design quality in Malaysia
Authors: Shaari Mariam Felani , Ahmad Sabarinah Sheikh , Ismail Izaham Shah , Zaiki Yazid 
Published: March 2020

Recent PISA assessments revealed unsatisfactory cognitive abilities among Malaysian children. Poor cognitive development, stemming from inadequate preschool cognitive school readiness (SR), is an underlying factor. Well-designed preschool physical environments (PPE) could potentially enhance cognitive SR and subsequently improve childhood cognitive development. This study aims to highlight the importance of PPE design quality on children’s cognitive SR in Malaysia. A cohort study involving 336 children at 16 Ministry of Education (MOE) preschools was conducted. PPE design quality demonstrated a significant positive association with cognitive SR. Conclusively, better PPE design is hoped to improve cognitive development by ensuring cognitive SR among Malaysian preschoolers.Keywords: Preschool Physical Environment; Cognitive School Readiness; Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development; PISAeISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.2057
Therapeutic Duplication in Taiwan Hospitals for Patients With High Blood Pressure, Sugar, and Lipids: Evaluation With a Mobile Health Mapping Tool
Authors: Kan Wei-Chih , Kuo Shu-Chun , Chien Tsair-Wei , Lin Jui-Chung John , Yeh Yu-Tsen , Chou Willy , Chou Po-Hsin 
Published: March 2020

Background
Cardiovascular disease causes approximately half of all deaths in patients with type 2 diabetes. Duplicative prescriptions of medication in patients with high blood pressure (hypertension), high blood sugar (hyperglycemia), and high blood lipids (hyperlipidemia) have attracted substantial attention regarding the abuse of health care resources and to implement preventive measures for such abuse. Duplicative prescriptions may occur by patients receiving redundant medications for the same condition from two or more sources such as doctors, hospitals, and multiple providers, or as a result of the patient’s wandering among hospitals.

Objective
We evaluated the degree of duplicative prescriptions in Taiwanese hospitals for outpatients with three types of medications (antihypertension, antihyperglycemia, and antihyperlipidemia), and then used an online dashboard based on mobile health (mHealth) on a map to determine whether the situation has improved in the recent 25 fiscal quarters.

Methods
Data on duplicate prescription rates of drugs for the three conditions were downloaded from the website of Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Administration (TNHIA) from the third quarter of 2010 to the third quarter of 2016. Complete data on antihypertension, antihyperglycemia, and antihyperlipidemia prescriptions were obtained from 408, 414, and 359 hospitals, respectively. We used scale quality indicators to assess the attributes of the study data, created a dashboard that can be traced using mHealth, and selected the hospital type with the best performance regarding improvement on duplicate prescriptions for the three types of drugs using the weighted scores on an online dashboard. Kendall coefficient of concordance (W) was used to evaluate whether the performance rankings were unanimous.

Results
The data quality was found to be acceptable and showed good reliability and construct validity. The online dashboard using mHealth on Google Maps allowed for easy and clear interpretation of duplicative prescriptions regarding hospital performance using multidisciplinary functionalities, and showed significant improvement in the reduction of duplicative prescriptions among all types of hospitals. Medical centers and regional hospitals showed better performance with improvement in the three types of duplicative prescriptions compared with the district hospitals. Kendall W was 0.78, indicating that the performance rankings were not unanimous (Chi square2=4.67, P=.10).

Conclusions
This demonstration of a dashboard using mHealth on a map can inspire using the 42 other quality indicators of the TNHIA by hospitals in the future.
A Virtual 3D Dynamic Model of Caries Lesion Progression as a Learning Object for Caries Detection Training and Teaching: Video Development Study
Authors: Lara Juan Sebastian , Braga Mariana Minatel , Zagatto Carlos Gustavo , Wen Chao Lung , Mendes Fausto Medeiros , Murisi Pedroza Uribe , Haddad Ana Estela 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundIn the last decade, 3D virtual models have been used for educational purposes in the health sciences, specifically for teaching human anatomy and pathology. These models provide an opportunity to didactically visualize key spatial relations that can be poorly understood when taught by traditional educational approaches. Caries lesion detection is a crucial process in dentistry that has been reported to be difficult to learn. One especially difficult aspect is linking clinical characteristics of the different severity stages with their histological features, which is fundamental for treatment decision-making.ObjectiveThis project was designed to develop a virtual 3D digital model of caries lesion formation and progression to aid the detection of lesions at different severity stages as a potential complement to traditional lectures.MethodsPedagogical planning, including identification of objectives, exploration of the degree of difficulty of caries diagnosis–associated topics perceived by dental students and lecturers, review of the literature regarding key concepts, and consultation of experts, was performed prior to constructing the model. An educational script strategy was created based on the topics to be addressed (dental tissues, biofilm stagnation areas, the demineralization process, caries lesion progression on occlusal surfaces, clinical characteristics related to different stages of caries progression, and histological correlations). Virtual 3D models were developed using the Virtual Man Project and refined using multiple 3D software applications. In the next phase, computer graphic modelling and previsualization were executed. After that, the video was revised and edited based on suggestions. Finally, explanatory subtitles were generated, the models were textured and rendered, and voiceovers in 3 languages were implemented.ResultsWe developed a 6-minute virtual 3D dynamic video in 3 languages (English, Spanish, and Brazilian Portuguese) intended for dentists and dental students to support teaching and learning of caries lesion detection. The videos were made available on YouTube; to date, they have received more than 100,000 views.ConclusionsComplementary pedagogical tools are valuable to support cariology education. This tool will be further tested in terms of utility and usability as well as user satisfaction in achieving the proposed objectives in specific contexts.
Smart, Remote, and Targeted Health Care Facilitation Through Connected Health: Qualitative Study
Authors: Chen Sonia Chien-I , Hu Ridong , McAdam Rodney 
Published: March 2020

Background
Societies around the world are aging. Widespread aging creates problems for social services and health care practices. In this light, research on connected health (CH) is becoming essential. CH refers to a variety of technological measures that allow health care to be provided remotely with the aim of increasing efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and satisfaction on the part of health care recipients. CH is reshaping health care’s direction to be more proactive, more preventive, and more precisely targeted and, thus, more effective. CH has been demonstrated to have great value in managing and preventing chronic diseases, which create huge burdens on health care and social services. In short, CH provides promising solutions to diseases and social challenges associated with aging populations. However, there are many barriers that need to be overcome before CH can be successfully and widely implemented.

Objective
The research question of this study is as follows: How can CH facilitate smart, remote, and targeted health care? The objective is to identify how health care can be managed in more comprehensive ways, such as by providing timely, flexible, accessible, and personalized services to preserve continuity and offer high-quality seamless health care.

Methods
A qualitative approach was used based on 60 multistage, semistructured stakeholder interviews.

Results
The results can be divided into two functions of CH: ecosystem and platform. On the one hand, the interviews enabled the authors to develop a stakeholder classification and interaction diagram. These stakeholders interacted sequentially to provide technology-based content to end users. On the other hand, interviewees reflected on how CH serves as a platform to address remote monitoring and patient self-management. In the Discussion section, three innovation strategies are discussed to reflect the manner in which CH promotes smart, timely, and precise health care.

Conclusions
This study indicates that it is essential to continually revise CH business models, given the ongoing and rapid changes in technology across groups of CH stakeholders. We also found that global trends toward smart, timely, and precise health care shape what individuals expect from products and services, providing firms with unique opportunities for growth.
Experiences of African American Breast Cancer Survivors Using Digital Scales and Activity Trackers in a Weight Gain Prevention Intervention: Qualitative Study
Authors: Power Julianne M , Tate Deborah F , Valle Carmina G 
Published: March 2020

Background
The use of digital tools to promote daily self-weighing and daily activity tracking may be a promising strategy for weight control among African American breast cancer survivors (AABCS). There have been no studies exploring the acceptability and feasibility of using digital tools for weight control or qualitative studies characterizing perceptions of daily self-weighing and daily activity tracking among AABCS.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the subjective experiences of daily self-weighing and daily activity tracking using digital tools, including wireless scales and activity trackers, in a sample of AABCS participating in two technology-based weight gain prevention interventions over 6 months.

Methods
Semistructured interviews (N=21) were conducted in person or over the phone, were audio recorded, and then transcribed verbatim. Each transcript was read to identify key themes and develop a codebook. Each transcript was coded using Atlas.ti software, and code outputs were used to identify overarching themes and patterns in the data.

Results
On average, participants were 52.6 (SD 8.3) years of age, with obesity at baseline (BMI 33.1 kg/m2, SD 5.9), and weighed on 123.4 (SD 48.0) days out of the 168 days (73.5%) in the study period. Women tended to attribute their weight gain to cancer treatment and framed program benefits in terms of improved quality of life and perceptions of prolonging their survival following treatment. Using the smart scale for daily self-weighing was viewed as the tool by which participants could control their weight and improve their health and well-being posttreatment. The activity tracker increased awareness of physical activity and motivated participants to be more active.

Conclusions
Participants reported positive experiences and benefits from daily self-weighing and daily activity tracking. Findings suggest that daily self-weighing and daily activity tracking using digital tools are well-received, acceptable, and feasible intervention strategies for AABCS in the context of posttreatment weight management.
Assessment of the Efficacy of a Mobile Phone–Delivered Just-in-Time Planning Intervention to Reduce Alcohol Use in Adolescents: Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial
Authors: Haug Severin , Paz Castro Raquel , Scholz Urte , Kowatsch Tobias , Schaub Michael Patrick , Radtke Theda 
Published: March 2020

Background
Interventions to reduce alcohol use typically include several elements, such as information on the risks of alcohol consumption, planning for sensible drinking, and training of protective behavioral strategies. However, the effectiveness of these individual intervention elements within comprehensive programs has not been addressed so far, but it could provide valuable insights for the development of future interventions. Just-in-time interventions provided via mobile devices are intended to help people make healthy decisions in the moment and thus could influence health behavior.

Objective
The aim of this study was to test the proximal effects of a mobile phone–delivered, just-in-time planning intervention to reduce alcohol use in adolescents who reported recent binge drinking. The efficacy of this individual intervention element was tested within a comprehensive intervention program to reduce problem drinking in adolescents.

Methods
The study had an AB/BA crossover design, in which participants were randomly allocated to (1) a group receiving the planning intervention (A) in period 1 and assessment only (B) in period 2 or (2) a group receiving assessment only (B) in period 1 and the planning intervention (A) in period 2. The planning intervention included a text message to choose one of two predetermined if-then plans to practice sensible drinking with friends or when going out and a prompt to visualize the chosen plan. There was a washout period of at least 1 week between period 1 and period 2.

Results
Out of 633 program participants who recently binge drank, 136 (21.5%) were receptive in both periods of time and provided data on the proximal outcome, which was the number of alcoholic drinks consumed with friends or when going out. After the planning intervention, the number of alcoholic drinks consumed was approximately one standard drink lower compared with the finding without the intervention (P=.01).

Conclusions
A mobile phone–delivered, just-in-time, if-then planning intervention to practice sensible drinking with friends or when going out is effective in reducing alcohol consumption among adolescents who report recent binge drinking. Based on the relatively low percentage of participants with self-reported receptivity for the planning intervention, measures to increase the population impact of similar planning interventions should be implemented and tested in future trials.

Trial Registration
ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN52150713; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN52150713
Benefits of Massive Open Online Course Participation: Deductive Thematic Analysis
Authors: Blum Elizabeth R , Stenfors Terese , Palmgren Per J 
Published: March 2020

Background
Massive open online courses (MOOCs), as originally conceived, promised to provide educational access to anyone with an internet connection. However, the expansiveness of MOOC education has been found to be somewhat limited. Nonetheless, leading universities continue to offer MOOCs, including many in the health sciences, on a number of private platforms. Therefore, research on online education must include thorough understanding of the role of MOOCs. To date, studies on MOOC participants have focused mainly on learners’ assessment of the course. It is known that MOOCs are not reaching the universal audiences that were predicted, and much knowledge has been gained about learners’ perceptions of MOOCs. However, there is little scholarship on what learners themselves gain from participating in MOOCs.

Objective
As MOOC development persists and expands, scholars and developers should be made aware of the role of MOOCs in education by examining what these courses do offer their participants. The objective of this qualitative synthesis of a set of MOOC evaluation studies was to explore outcomes for MOOC learners, that is, how the learners themselves benefit from participating in MOOCs.

Methods
To explore MOOC learners’ outcomes, we conducted a qualitative synthesis in the form of a deductive thematic analysis, aggregating findings from 17 individual studies selected from an existing systematic review of MOOC evaluation methods. We structured our inquiry using the Kirkpatrick model, considering Kirkpatrick levels 2, 3, and 4 as potential themes in our analysis.

Results
Our analysis identified six types of Kirkpatrick outcomes in 17 studies. Five of these outcomes (learning/general knowledge, skills, attitudes, confidence, and commitment) fit into Kirkpatrick Level 2, while Kirkpatrick Level 3 outcomes concerning behavior/application were seen in four studies. Two additional themes were identified outside of the Kirkpatrick framework: culture and identity outcomes and affective/emotional outcomes. Kirkpatrick Level 4 was not represented among the outcomes we examined.

Conclusions
Our findings point to some gains from MOOCs. While we can expect MOOCs to persist, how learners benefit from the experience of participating in MOOCs remains unclear.