bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a Participatory Theory Driven Evaluation Approach to Identify Causal Mechanisms in Innovation Processes
Authors: Blundo‐Canto Genowefa , Devaux‐Spatarakis Agathe , Mathé Syndhia , Faure Guy , Cerdan Claire 
Published: October 2020

AbstractApplied agricultural research institutes play different roles in complex agricultural innovation processes, contributing to them with other actors. To foster learning and usable knowledge on how research actions influence such lasting innovation processes, there is a need to identify the causal mechanisms linking these actions and the effects of the changes they enable. A participatory, theory‐driven, ex‐post evaluation method, ImpresS, was developed by the French Agricultural Research Center for International Development (Cirad). ImpresS reconstructs the innovation history and its impact pathway by analyzing behavioral mechanisms linked to stakeholders' individual reactions and responses, and underlying process mechanisms at a group level. ImpresS relies on iterative updating and refinement and on triangulating data sources and collection methods to ensure internal validity and to increase credibility by enabling different actors to express their viewpoints. Drawing on an in‐depth case study, we discuss how ImpresS makes it possible to draw robust conclusions on causal mechanisms while posing challenges linked to the group dynamics and power imbalances commonly encountered in participatory methods. As demonstrated by the case study, ImpresS generates policy‐relevant knowledge for future research projects. It also demonstrates how research actions can help coconstruct lasting dynamics that can survive fluctuating institutional support. Distinguishing between behavioral and process mechanisms benefits knowledge use as it makes it possible to disentangle the conditions that trigger changes in a given context while generating research questions concerning the external validity of mechanism hypotheses.
Phosphorus esters of1‐dopyl‐1,2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethene as effective flame retardants for polymeric materials
Authors: Howell Bob A. , Lienhart Gavan W. 
Published: October 2020

Summary1‐Dopyl‐1,2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethene has been converted to phosphorus diesters, 1‐dopyl‐1,2‐(4‐diphenylphosphatophenyl)ethene (BDE‐DPP), and 1‐dopyl‐1,2‐(4‐dopyloxyphenyl)ethene (BDE‐DOPO) which have been fully characterized using spectroscopic and thermal methods and assessed as flame retardants in DGEBA epoxy (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A). Both are effective flame retardants. The ester containing diphenylphosphato groups (BDE‐DPP) acts primarily in the condensed phase while that containing only dopyl units acts predominately in the gas phase. DGEBA epoxy containing sufficient 1‐dopyl‐1,2‐(4‐dopyloxyphenyl)ethene to provide 2% phosphorus displays a limiting oxygen index of 28, a peak heat release rate of 506 W/g, and a total heat release of 24 kJ/g.
Standardized Broad-Scale Management and Monitoring of Inland Lake Recreational Fisheries: An Overview of the Ontario Experience
Authors: Lester Nigel P , Sandstrom Steve , Kerckhove Derrick T , Armstrong Kim , Ball Helen , Amos Jeff , Dunkley Tal , Rawson Mike , Addison Peter , Dextrase Alan , Taillon Dan , Wasylenko Blair , Lennox Preston , Giacomini Henrique Corrêa , Chu Cindy 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
There are ~250,000 lakes in Ontario that support important cultural, recreational, and economic fisheries. In 2005, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry adopted the Ecological Framework for Recreational Fisheries Management to tackle the heterogeneity of lake resources and angler mobility across the landscape, increase public participation in fisheries management, and streamline an ever-growing list of regulations. The Broad-Scale Monitoring Program for Inland Lakes began in 2008 to meet these goals. Essential elements of the program are: clear objectives, standardized sampling methods, operational implementation, diagnostic indicators, standardized reporting, a multidisciplinary team, and adaptive monitoring. Fishes, zooplankton, habitat, and angling activity are measured at each lake and provide the data needed to make evidence-based fisheries management decisions. The data have benefited other provincial initiatives and provided significant contributions to the science of freshwater ecology. Recommendations are provided for other jurisdictions considering the implementation of a standardized broad-scale monitoring program.
Epigenome‐Wide Analysis of Methylation Changes in the Sequence of Gallstone Disease, Dysplasia, and Gallbladder Cancer
Authors: Brägelmann Johannes , Barahona Ponce Carol , Marcelain Katherine , Roessler Stephanie , Goeppert Benjamin , Gallegos Ivan , Colombo Alicia , Sanhueza Verónica , Morales Erik , Rivera María Teresa , de Toro Gonzalo , Ortega Alejandro , Müller Bettina , Gabler Fernando , Scherer Dominique , Waldenberger Melanie , Reischl Eva , Boekstegers Felix , Garate‐Calderon Valentina , Umu Sinan U. , Rounge Trine B. , Popanda Odilia , Lorenzo Bermejo Justo 
Published: October 2020

Background and Aims
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly aggressive malignancy of the biliary tract. Most cases of GBC are diagnosed in low‐income and middle‐income countries, and research into this disease has long been limited. In this study we therefore investigate the epigenetic changes along the model of GBC carcinogenesis represented by the sequence gallstone disease → dysplasia → GBC in Chile, the country with the highest incidence of GBC worldwide.

Approach and Results
To perform epigenome‐wide methylation profiling, genomic DNA extracted from sections of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded gallbladder tissue was analyzed using Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChips. Preprocessed, quality‐controlled data from 82 samples (gallstones n = 32, low‐grade dysplasia n = 13, high‐grade dysplasia n = 9, GBC n = 28) were available to identify differentially methylated markers, regions, and pathways as well as changes in copy number variations (CNVs). The number and magnitude of epigenetic changes increased with disease development and predominantly involved the hypermethylation of cytosine–guanine dinucleotide islands and gene promoter regions. The methylation of genes implicated in Wnt signaling, Hedgehog signaling, and tumor suppression increased with tumor grade. CNVs also increased with GBC development and affected cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, MDM2 proto‐oncogene, tumor protein P53, and cyclin D1 genes. Gains in the targetable Erb‐B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 gene were detected in 14% of GBC samples.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that GBC carcinogenesis comprises three main methylation stages: early (gallstone disease and low‐grade dysplasia), intermediate (high‐grade dysplasia), and late (GBC). The identified gradual changes in methylation and CNVs may help to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this aggressive disease and eventually lead to improved treatment and early diagnosis of GBC.
Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and cancer of unknown primary risk: Results from the Netherlands Cohort Study
Authors: Hermans Karlijn E. P. E. , van den Brandt Piet A. , Loef Caroline , Jansen Rob L. H. , Schouten Leo J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a metastasised malignancy with no identifiable primary tumour origin. Despite the frequent occurrence and bleak prognosis of CUP, research into its aetiology is scarce. Our study investigates alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking and CUP risk. We used data from the Netherlands Cohort Study, a cohort that includes 120 852 participants aged 55 to 69 years, who completed a self‐administered questionnaire on cancer risk factors at baseline. Cancer follow‐up was established through record linkage to the Netherlands Cancer Registry and Dutch Pathology Registry. After 20.3 years of follow‐up, 963 CUP cases and 4288 subcohort members were available for case‐cohort analyses. Multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using proportional hazard models. In general, CUP risk increased with higher levels of alcohol intake (Ptrend = .02). The association was more pronounced in participants who drank ≥30 g of ethanol per day (HR: 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20‐2.05) compared to abstainers. Current smokers were at an increased CUP risk (HR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.29‐1.97) compared to never smokers. We observed that the more the cigarettes or the longer a participant smoked, the higher the CUP risk was (Ptrend = .003 and Ptrend = .02, respectively). Interaction on additive scale was found for participants with the highest exposure categories of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking frequency and CUP risk. Our findings demonstrate that alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking are associated with increased CUP risk. Lifestyle recommendations for cancer prevention regarding not drinking alcohol and avoiding exposure to smoking are therefore also valid for CUP.
Do socially responsible firms demand high‐quality audits? An international evidence
Authors: Saeed Asif , Gull Ammar Ali , Rind Asad Ali , Mubarik Muhammad Shujaat , Shahbaz Muhammad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance influences the demand for high‐quality audits in terms of audit effort measured by audit fee. Using a sample of listed firms from 20 developed countries across three regions, namely United States (US), United Kingdom (UK) and Europe (EU) over the period 2002–2016 and different measures of CSR performance (environmental and social), we find that socially responsible firms demand high‐quality audits from external auditors. Further analysis shows that this result is robust to the use of alternate samples, country and firm level governance systems, and endogeneity concerns. Taken together, these findings suggest that socially responsible attributes of being ethical, honest, trustworthy, and transparent while reporting financial results motivate firms to demand high‐quality audits in order to preserve their reputation or socially responsible image. The main implication of our findings is that the stakeholders may place greater confidence in the financial reports of socially responsible firms as they are likely to demand high‐quality audits.
Correlation between multi‐type human papillomavirus infections and viral loads and the cervical pathological grade
Authors: Li Yanfang , Wang Hairu , Zhang Yanjun , Jing Xuan , Wu Nan , Hou Yabin , Hao Chonghua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between single/multiple HPV infections and cervical lesions, and the correlation between viral load and the degree of cervical lesions.MethodsA total of 27 284 patients who underwent testing for HPV were retrospectively screened and 3728 women were enrolled who tested positive for HPV when examined by liquid‐based ThinPrep cervical smear cytology test and diagnosed by histopathology at the Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital between May 2017 and March 2019. The genotype and viral load of HPV were determined by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Based on the pathological grade, the cervical lesions were stratified into three groups: chronic cervicitis/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I; CIN II/CIN III; and cervical cancer.ResultsThere were significant intergroup differences in the distribution of single and multiple HPV infections. There was a positive correlation between the viral load and cervical pathological grade when the infections were caused by HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 51, 52, 53, and 58.ConclusionMulti‐type HPV infections are more likely to aggravate the degree of cervical lesions than single‐type infections. The HPV type‐dependent viral load is associated with the cervical pathological grade.
Spatiotemporal histological changes observed in mouse subcutaneous tissues during the foreign body reaction to silicone
Authors: Oe Sao , Masum Md. Abdul , Ichii Osamu , Nishimura Takanori , Nakamura Teppei , Namba Takashi , Otani Yuki , Nakayama Yasuhide , Elewa Yaser Hosny Ali , Kon Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe investigated spatiotemporal changes in host tissues during foreign body reactions. Silicone tube was subcutaneously embedded into ICR mice, and tissue surrounding silicone (TSS) was observed at 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 43, and 70 days (D) postsurgery. The thin layer (TL) and loose connective tissues (LCTs) (inside and outside the TSS) developed until D21 and densified afterward. Neutrophils infiltrated the TSS until D14 and formed neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the TL during D7‐21. In the LCTs, mast cell counts increased until D21, and macrophage numbers peaked at D14. Several macrophages showed LYVE‐1 expression, supporting a tissue‐remodeling role. Developmental indices of collagen fibers (CFs) and reticular fibers (RFs) increased during D2‐21. NETs, but not neutrophils, were detected after D28. Mast cell numbers peaked at D43 and were maintained until D70. Myofibroblasts consistently localized to the TL from D14. During D21‐28, the area of connective tissue (CNT), and CFs and RFs decreased and increased, respectively, and both remained constant during D28‐70. The CF density remained constant from D21 and increased at D70. Thus, TSS showed two phases: inflammation and CNT development (D2‐21), and inflammation convergence and CNT stabilization (D28‐70). These results provide insights into foreign body reactions in clinical cases.
Magnetic field‐induced alignment of polybenzimidazole microstructures to enhance proton conduction
Authors: Sean Nor Arbani , Leaw Wai Loon , Abouzari‐lotf Ebrahim , Nur Hadi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAligned polymer microstructures in the field of biomaterials, semiconductors, and ion‐conductive membranes expand steadily. Here, an alternative aligned polybenzimidazole (WM PBI) microstructures fabrication strategy based on the utilization of a weak magnetic field (0.3 T) via the solvent casting method is demonstrated. The anisotropic alignment is induced by the interaction of the π‐electron‐rich structure with the magnetic field. A ripple‐like structure was observed in the field‐emission scanning electron microscopy image for the WM PBI membrane, which depicted the successful alignment of the PBI structure toward magnetic field direction. Electrochemical studies revealed the bulk resistance of WM PBI with only 13.71 × 103 Ω compared to the unaligned PBI (WOM PBI) (63.01 × 103 Ω). WM PBI marked as the highest proton conductivity of 610.66 × 10−6 S cm−1, and it was proven that the external magnetic field does bring the impact toward the augmentation of the proton conductivity, which is useful in various future generation applications.
Dull versus creative liars—Who deceives better? Fantasy proneness and verifiability of genuine and fabricated accounts
Authors: Boskovic Irena , Ramakers Ayla , Emre Akca Ali Yunus 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Verifiability Approach (VA), a lie detection method, postulates that genuine statements contain more verifiable information, whereas fabricated reports include more non‐verifiable details. We investigated whether participants low (n = 19), medium (n = 23) and high (n = 26) on fantasy proneness differ in the (non)verifiability of their genuine and fabricated accounts. The results showed that groups did not differ in terms of statements' (non)verifiability. Overall, fabricated accounts included more non‐verifiable details, but did not differ in verifiable details from genuine stories. The fabricated accounts from each group were given to legal psychology experts (N = 13) who rated accounts' authenticity. Experts more often recognised false accounts from the high fantasy proneness group, hence, high fantasy prone deceivers might be easier to detect than people with lower fantasy engagement. Overall, our results show that the VA is not sensitive to fantasy proneness, however, that experts might be.
Changes in daily extreme temperature and precipitation events in mainland China from 1960 to 2016 under global warming
Authors: Wang Xuyang , Li Yuqiang , Wang Mingming , Li Yulin , Gong Xiangwen , Chen Yinping , Chen Yun , Cao Wenjie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExtreme climatic events have become a global concern. Understanding changes in these events is essential to support efforts to reduce their impacts. We investigated the spatial and temporal variation of 15 temperature and 11 precipitation extremal indices based on daily observations from 1960 to 2016 at 794 meteorological stations in mainland China. The regionally averaged temperature index trends were consistent with global warming. An abrupt change in the trends for warmth‐related indices mainly occurred from 1990 to 2000, and the year with an abrupt change for cold‐related indices appeared earlier (mainly around 1990). The numbers of warm days, warm nights, summer days, and tropical nights increased significantly. In contrast, the numbers of cool days, cool nights, ice days, and frost days decreased significantly. The coldest night temperature had a strong and significant warming trend (0.4°C·decade−1), whereas the number of frost days showed the fastest decrease (2.6 days·decade−1). The warmth and extremal indices decreased significantly with increasing latitude, whereas warming trends increased significantly with increasing longitude, and the warmth indices and extremal daily indices decreased with increasing elevation. The number of consecutive wet days decreased fastest, at 0.09 days·decade−1, and the daily intensity index increased fastest, at 0.09 mm·day−1 per decade. The extreme precipitation events decreased significantly with increasing latitude, but increased with increasing longitude. Large‐scale atmospheric circulation indices (the Arctic Oscillation and the Western Pacific Subtropical High Intensity and Area indices) and the Western Ridge Point strongly influenced the warm and cold extremes and contributed significantly to climate change in mainland China. The Western Ridge Point and Subtropical High Area were the dominant drivers of extreme temperature and precipitation events, respectively, in mainland China.
How well do the ERA‐Interim, ERA‐5, GLDAS‐2.1 and NCEP‐R2 reanalysis datasets represent daily air temperature over the Tibetan Plateau?
Authors: Liu Li , Gu Haiting , Xie Jingkai , Xu Yue‐Ping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSnow and glacier are important components in the hydrological cycle of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Air temperature, as the main driver in freezing and thawing processes, becomes vital for hydrological modelling and prediction in this region. Due to a sparse ground gauging network, spatial density of air temperature measurement is insufficient for hydro‐meteorological studies. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the best representative temperature data for hydrological applications from four widely used reanalysis products, including ERA‐Interim, ERA‐5, GLDAS‐2.1 and NCEP‐R2, with reference to in situ measurements and gridded snow depth from the year 2008–2017 over the entire TP. To reduce errors, Bayesian Joint Probability (BJP) approach based on K‐Nearest Neighbour (KNN) classification algorithm (KNN‐BJP) is proposed to post‐process gridded reanalyses. The results indicate that all the reanalysis datasets provide highly correlated but cold biased air temperature. The correlation ecoefficiency is greater than 0.85. The cold biases are near −3 ° C and mainly distributed in the southeastern TP. Bias in daily maximum temperature during Spring is greater than −8 ° C for most stations. ERA‐Interim is found to have the closest agreement with in situ measurements, closely followed by GLDAS‐2.1. KNN‐BJP is found to be effective within a distance smaller than 5°. After post‐processing, the prominent underestimation is efficiently corrected with Bias near 0. RMSE is markedly reduced to be smaller than 2.5 ° C. The post‐processed ERA‐5 and GLDAS‐2.1 are as accurate as ERA‐Interim, but able to provide more detailed information for extreme events due to their finer spatial resolution. Thus, ERA‐5 and GLDAS‐2.1 are more recommended to represent air temperature in the TP. Snow depth as complementary reference data is able to present spatial variance of air temperature. Our study can help alleviate the problem of sparse air temperature data over the TP.
Desertification susceptibility over Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, based on aridity indices and geoprocessing
Authors: Bohn Leonardo , Lyra Gustavo Bastos , Oliveira‐Júnior José Francisco , Zeri Marcelo , Cunha‐Zeri Gisleine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDesertification is a serious threat to human development and sustainability. This process is characterized by land degradation over areas with dry sub‐humid, semi‐arid and arid climate. In this work, climate susceptibility to desertification was identified for the state of Rio de Janeiro (SRJ), Brazil, the third most populated state in the country. The state is characterized by complex topography, and diverse climate and land uses. Two formulations for the aridity index were used: Ia, defined by Thornthwaite (1948, Geographical Review, 38(1), 55–94) and Penman (1953, Horticultural Congress, 2, 913–924), and D, a modification of Ia by Hare (1983, Climate and Desertification: A Revised Analysis, Geneva: World Meteorological Organization). Both estimates of the aridity require annual rainfall and potential evapotranspiration, which were calculated from the climatological water balance using times series of rainfall and air temperature (1961–2010) from 98 stations over the SRJ. Annual rainfall, evapotranspiration, water deficit and the aridity indices were then spatially interpolated over a 5 × 5‐km grid using a spline tension method. Both indices agree on the driest regions of the SRJ: Norte and Baixada Litorânea, near the northern coast, both under sub‐humid and semi‐arid climate. The index Ia indicated susceptibility to desertification over 2,305 km2 on the Norte and Baixada Litorânea regions, which correspond to 5% of SRJ area; similarly, the index D classified a smaller area over the Norte region under desertification (431 km2). These subregions, among the others also considered in this study, are of great importance for the agricultural, forestry and tourism industries and contribute immensely to the economic development of the state. Hence, the evaluation of susceptibility to desertification in those areas is essential to help prevent further land degradation and support policies formulation on long‐term sustainable management of land and water resources, especially under regional and global climate change scenarios. The methodology used in this work can be applied to studies of desertification in other regions of the world.