bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contributors to the black-white life expectancy gap in Washington D.C.
Authors: Roberts Max , Reither Eric N. , Lim Sojung 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough the black-white gap in life expectancy has been shrinking in the U.S., national improvement conceals ongoing disparities. Nowhere is this more evident than Washington D.C., where the black-white gap has persistently exceeded 10 years. Using 1999–2017 mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics, we employed demographic techniques to pursue three aims: first, we created period life tables to examine longevity trends in Washington D.C.; second, we decomposed black-white life expectancy differences into 23 causes of death in three time periods (2000, 2008, 2016); third, we assessed age-specific contributions for each cause of death. Findings revealed that heart disease (4.14 years), homicide (2.43 years), and cancer (2.30 years) contributed most to the 17.23-year gap among males in 2016. Heart disease and cancer contributed most at ages 55–69; homicide contributed most at ages 20–29. Among females in 2016, heart disease (3.24 years), cancer (2.36 years), and unintentional injuries (0.85 years) contributed most to the 12.06-year gap. Heart disease and cancer contributed most at ages 55–69, and unintentional injuries at ages 50–59. Our investigation provides detailed evidence about contributors to the black-white longevity gap in Washington D.C., which can aid in the development of targeted public health interventions.
Deep learning and feature based medication classifications from EEG in a large clinical data set
Authors: Nahmias David O. , Civillico Eugene F. , Kontson Kimberly L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe amount of freely available human phenotypic data is increasing daily, and yet little is known about the types of inferences or identifying characteristics that could reasonably be drawn from that data using new statistical methods. One data type of particular interest is electroencephalographical (EEG) data, collected noninvasively from humans in various behavioral contexts. The Temple University EEG corpus associates thousands of hours of de-identified EEG records with contemporaneous physician reports that include metadata that might be expected to show a measurable correlation with characteristics of the recorded signal. Given that machine learning methods applied to neurological signals are being used in emerging diagnostic applications, we leveraged this data source to test the confidence with which algorithms could predict, using a patient’s EEG record(s) as input, which medications were noted on the matching physician report. We comparatively assessed deep learning and feature-based approaches on their ability to distinguish between the assumed presence of Dilantin (phenytoin), Keppra (levetiracetam), or neither. Our methods could successfully distinguish between patients taking either anticonvulsant and those taking no medications; as well as between the two anticonvulsants. Further, we found different approaches to be most effective for different groups of classifications.
Application of Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Conversion of Biomass-derived Feedstocks into Fuel Components and Eco-additives
Authors: Yeletsky P. M. , Kukushkin R. G. , Alekseeva M. V. , Smirnov A. A. 
Published: August 2020

This chapter is aimed at highlighting several hot subjects in the catalytic processing of biomass-derived feedstocks using heterogeneous catalysts to obtain products important for the energy sector. The role of catalysts in biomass processing is inestimable: none of the value-added biomass-derived products described below could be obtained without their application. The first two sections of this chapter present the current state of the art in catalytic processing of fast pyrolysis bio-oil and lipid-based feedstocks (e.g. vegetable oils) into motor fuel components. The last section describes recent advances in the field of obtaining fuel additives from various components of the both lignocellulosic biomass and vegetable lipids. The main aspects of the use of heterogeneous catalysts in these processes are considered.
Sex and gender aspects in vascular pathophysiology
Authors: Connelly Paul J. , Jandeleit-Dahm Karin A.M. , Delles Christian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of global mortality in men and women. The prevalence, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and outcomes of CVD observed in these two populations is being increasingly recognized as distinct. In this editorial, we provide an overview of mechanisms related to differences in vascular pathophysiology between men and women and explore the contributions of both sex and gender.
Alerting the immune system to DNA damage: micronuclei as mediators
Authors: MacDonald Kate M. , Benguerfi Soraya , Harding Shane M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Healthy cells experience thousands of DNA lesions per day during normal cellular metabolism, and ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs rely on DNA damage to kill cancer cells. In response to such lesions, the DNA damage response (DDR) activates cell-cycle checkpoints, initiates DNA repair mechanisms, or promotes the clearance of irreparable cells. Work over the past decade has revealed broader influences of the DDR, involving inflammatory gene expression following unresolved DNA damage, and immune surveillance of damaged or mutated cells. Subcellular structures called micronuclei, containing broken fragments of DNA or whole chromosomes that have been isolated away from the rest of the genome, are now recognized as one mediator of DDR-associated immune recognition. Micronuclei can initiate pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, or massively degrade to invoke distinct forms of genomic instability. In this mini-review, we aim to provide an overview of the current evidence linking the DDR to activation of the immune response through micronuclei formation, identifying key areas of interest, open questions, and emerging implications.
Human–Technology Interaction Considerations in Hearing Health Care: An Introduction for Audiologists
Authors: Convery Elizabeth , Heeris Jason , Ferguson Melanie , Edwards Brent 
Published: August 2020

PurposeInnovations in user-driven hearing technology and services have placed greater control in the hands of the patient. While these advances could address issues of hearing health care accessibility, their success rests on the assumption that patients possess sufficient technological competence to self-manage these products and services successfully. The purpose of this tutorial is to highlight the importance of focusing on usability, rather than just performance outcomes, during the design, development, and evaluation of user-driven hearing technology and services.MethodThis tutorial explores human–technology interaction and usability and discusses practical methods for applying these concepts in hearing health care research and development. Two case studies illustrate how usability can inform the design and development of interactive educational materials for patients and the evaluation of a commercially available mHealth app.ConclusionsIn order to derive benefit from innovations in hearing health care, products and services must be intuitively usable in addition to being accessible and affordable. The discipline of human–technology interaction provides a relevant and useful framework to guide future research and development efforts in user-driven hearing health care.
Acuity to Changes in Self-Generated Vocal Pitch in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Abur Defne , Stepp Cara E. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
Given the role of auditory perception in voice production, studies have investigated whether impairments in auditory perception may underlie the noted disruptions in speech in Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies of loudness perception in PD show impairments in the perception of self-generated speech, but not external tones. Studies of pitch perception in PD have only examined external tones, but these studies differed in terms of the interstimulus intervals (ISIs) that were used, did not examine the impact of cognition, and report conflicting results. To clarify pitch perception in PD, this work investigated perception of self-generated vocal pitch, controlling for cognition and ISI.

Method
A total of 30 individuals with and without PD completed (a) hearing threshold testing, (b) the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and (c) an adaptive just-noticeable-difference paradigm under two separate ISIs (100 ms and 1,000 ms) to assess acuity to self-generated vocal pitch.

Results
There was no significant difference in acuity between individuals with and without PD. Both groups demonstrated significantly worse acuity for longer compared to shorter ISIs. Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores were not a significant predictor of acuity.

Conclusions
The results suggest that acuity to self-generated vocal pitch does not differ between individuals with and without PD.
Injuries and Overuse Syndromes in Rink Hockey Players
Authors: Husen Martin , Burgsmüller Lars , Burggraf Manuel , Jäger Marcus , Dudda Marcel , Kauther Max 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRink Hockey is a high-speed low-contact sport with a widely recognized injury
potential. Played with a hard ball by players wearing little or no protective
gear, the rates of concussions and head injuries are of high interest. In this
study, we reviewed and investigated injuries sustained by 108 German National
League rink hockey players. We conducted an epidemiological cross-sectional
study to determine sport-specific injuries and injury patterns in female and
male rink hockey players. Data were collected by a standardized questionnaire. A
total of 108 players participated in the study. The combined rate of injuries
were 9.4/1000 athlete exposures. There was no significant difference
between injury rates during games and practice. A sex-specific difference was
not detected. Head injuries were the most frequent type (20.8% of all
injuries). Concussions made up 7% of all head injuries with a rate of
0.76/1000 athlete exposure. Ball contact was the cause for 31%
of injuries, while player contact generated 26.2% of all injuries. High
rates of ball-contact-related injuries resulted in time loss and medical
consultations. Head injuries were frequent, however did not result in
significant time loss as compared to other injuries. The use of protective gear
should be recommended.
Safety and Efficacy of Higher Order Multifetal Pregnancy Reduction: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Liu Yan , Wang Xie Tong , Li Hong Yan , Hou Hai Yan , Wang Hong , Wang Yan Tun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective This research was aimed to study the safety and efficacy of higher order multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR).Study Design This was a retrospective study of patients from an academic maternity center between 2005 and 2015. We evaluated outcomes of 131 consecutive patients who underwent higher order MFPR (quadruplets and greater). MFPR was performed at 11 to 18 weeks of gestation in all cases. In total, 122 of 131 cases of higher order multiple pregnancy were reduced to twins. We discuss the perinatal outcomes of patients who underwent higher order MFPR, followed by a comparative analysis between the 122 cases of MFPR that were reduced to twins and 101 cases of nonreduced twin pregnancies.Results The study included 104 sets of quadruplets, 20 sets of quintuplets, 5 sets of sextuplets, 1 set of septuplets, and 1 set of octuplets. The perinatal outcomes of the 131 cases were as follows: pregnancy loss, preterm deliveries at 28 to 33 (+6/7) weeks, and preterm deliveries at 34 to 36 (+6/7) weeks occurred in 23.66, 9, and 37% of cases, respectively. The mean time of delivery was 36.56 ± 1.77 weeks, and mean birth weight was 2,409.90 ± 458.16 g, respectively. A total of 122 cases that were reduced to twins were compared with nonreduced twins. The pregnancy loss rate for reduced twins was significantly higher than that for nonreduced twins. The preterm labor rate, mean delivery week, mean birth weight, birth-weight discordance, incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus, and pregnancy-induced hypertension were not significantly different between the groups (p > 0.05).Conclusion Perinatal outcomes were significantly improved by reducing the number of fetuses in higher order multifetal pregnancies. This study involved a large, diverse sample population, and the results can be used as a reference while conducting prenatal counseling.
Pricing ambiguity in catastrophe risk insurance
Authors: Dietz Simon , Niehörster Falk 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAmbiguity about the probability of loss is a salient feature of catastrophe risk insurance. Evidence shows that insurers charge higher premiums under ambiguity, but that they rely on simple heuristics to do so, rather than being able to turn to pricing tools that formally link ambiguity with the insurer’s underlying economic objective. In this paper, we apply an $$\alpha$$
α
-maxmin model of insurance pricing to two catastrophe model data sets relating to hurricane risk. The pricing model considers an insurer who maximises expected profit, but is sensitive to how ambiguity affects its risk of ruin. We estimate ambiguity loads and show how these depend on the insurer’s attitude to ambiguity, $$\alpha$$
α
. We also compare these results with those derived from applying model blending techniques that have recently gained popularity in the actuarial profession, and show that model blending can imply relatively low aversion to ambiguity, possibly ambiguity seeking.
Hypnotic effect of thalidomide is independent of teratogenic ubiquitin/proteasome pathway
Authors: Hirose Yuki , Kitazono Tomohiro , Sezaki Maiko , Abe Manabu , Sakimura Kenji , Funato Hiromasa , Handa Hiroshi , Vogt Kaspar E. , Yanagisawa Masashi 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Thalidomide was introduced in 1950s as a safe and effective hypnotic but was subsequently withdrawn from the market due to its devastating teratogenicity in humans. More recently, thalidomide has reemerged as an antineoplastic and immunomodulatory medicine. The teratogenic and immunomodulatory effects of thalidomide have been attributed to direct inhibition of the cereblon-mediated ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. Here we show that cereblon is not involved in the hypnotic effect of thalidomide, using mice that carry a thalidomide-resistant mutant allele of the cereblon gene. Our results suggest the possibility for dissociating the hypnotic effect of thalidomide and its analogs from its teratogenicity.
Structural cavities are critical to balancing stability and activity of a membrane-integral enzyme
Authors: Guo Ruiqiong , Cang Zixuan , Yao Jiaqi , Kim Miyeon , Deans Erin , Wei Guowei , Kang Seung-gu , Hong Heedeok 
Published: August 2020

Significance
The physical principles of membrane protein folding are not well understood. Because of the lack of water inside the cell membrane, the hydrophobic effect cannot drive the folding of membrane-embedded structural elements. Therefore, van der Waals packing interaction becomes a crucial driving force, which may imply that the membrane protein interior is tightly packed. Paradoxically, membrane proteins such as channels, transporters, receptors, and enzymes require cavities (i.e., voids, pockets, and pores) for function. Then, how do membrane proteins achieve the stability carrying out function? Using experiment and molecular dynamics simulation, we show that cavities in membrane proteins can be stabilized by favorable interaction with surrounding lipid molecules and play a pivotal role in balancing stability and flexibility for function.
The allometry of movement predicts the connectivity of communities
Authors: Hartfelder Jack , Reynolds Chevonne , Stanton Richard A. , Sibiya Muzi , Monadjem Ara , McCleery Robert A. , Fletcher Robert J. 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceConnectivity, or the degree to which individuals can move across landscapes, is essential for species persistence and the maintenance of biodiversity. While connectivity is increasingly understood for some individual species and landscapes, understanding and predicting connectivity for entire communities remains elusive despite its importance for biodiversity theory and conservation practice. We address this long-standing problem by providing a framework based on allometric scaling, the relationship between morphology and organism traits. We apply the framework to a diverse community of birds using field experiments and observed data on dispersal and species distribution. Based on our framework, we are able to explain substantial variation in the observed bird community structure, highlighting how species traits related to movement can predict biodiversity across landscapes.
Conformational diversity facilitates antibody mutation trajectories and discrimination between foreign and self-antigens
Authors: Burnett Deborah L. , Schofield Peter , Langley David B. , Jackson Jennifer , Bourne Katherine , Wilson Emily , Porebski Benjamin T. , Buckle Ashley M. , Brink Robert , Goodnow Christopher C. , Christ Daniel 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Conformational diversity of foreign antigens and cross-reactivity with self are implicated in the failure to generate effective antibody responses against many challenging pathogens, but few studies directly address how these two factors affect antibody formation. Here we address this question from biophysical, structural, and immunological perspectives using structurally related lysozyme proteins. The results show germinal centers have remarkable ability to select antibody producing cells along novel hypermutation trajectories, transmuting an antibody with no capacity to differentiate foreign from self into highly foreign-specific antibody derivatives, exploiting conformational flexibility in antigen and antibody. These findings address a central issue for developing vaccines against HIV and other chronic infections and represent a prime example of stepwise, evolutionary adaptation of protein–protein interfaces.
Structural impact of K63 ubiquitin on yeast translocating ribosomes under oxidative stress
Authors: Zhou Ye , Kastritis Panagiotis L. , Dougherty Shannon E. , Bouvette Jonathan , Hsu Allen L. , Burbaum Laura , Mosalaganti Shyamal , Pfeffer Stefan , Hagen Wim J. H. , Förster Friedrich , Borgnia Mario J. , Vogel Christine , Beck Martin , Bartesaghi Alberto , Silva Gustavo M. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
K63 ubiquitination of ribosomes serves as a key regulator of protein production during cellular exposure to oxidative stress. Defining the structural and functional mechanisms of translation regulation would support the current understanding of critical reprogramming of eukaryotic gene expression. Our paper presents an examination of the structure of K63 ubiquitinated ribosomes, revealing that this modification structurally destabilizes proteins involved in the binding of translation factors and is required to trap ribosomes at the pretranslocation stage of translation elongation. We provide evidence for a new redox regulatory mechanism of translation in which K63 ubiquitin aids the global repression of protein synthesis and is essential for coping with the harms of oxidative stress.
Exploring the F-actin/CPEB3 interaction and its possible role in the molecular mechanism of long-term memory
Authors: Gu Xinyu , Schafer Nicholas P. , Wang Qian , Song Sarah S. , Chen Mingchen , Waxham M. Neal , Wolynes Peter G. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
The growth and stabilization of dendritic spines is thought to be essential for strengthening the connections between neurons and thereby memories. Actin cytoskeleton remodeling in spines is the basis of this growth and stabilization. A functional prion that binds mRNA, CPEB3, which interacts with actin, has been reported to be involved in the maintenance of long-term memory by forming stable aggregates. Here we study the interaction between actin and CPEB3 and propose a molecular model for the complex structure of CPEB3 bound to an actin filament. Our model gives insights into the actin/CPEB3 positive feedback loop underlying long-term memory which involves CPEB3’s binding to actin, its aggregation, and its regulation by SUMOylation.
Detecting selection with a genetic cross
Authors: Fraser Hunter B. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Natural selection is the force that underlies the spectacular adaptations of all organisms to their environments. However, not all traits are under selection; a key question is which traits have been shaped by selection, as opposed to the random drift of neutral traits. Here, I develop a test of selection on quantitative traits that can be applied to almost any genetic cross between divergent populations or species. The test is robust to a wide range of potential confounders and has greater power to detect selection than existing tests. Applied to empirical data, the test reveals widespread selection in both domesticated and wild species, allowing selection to be detected more easily and powerfully than previously possible.
The Economic Freedom Fighters: rethinking Du Bois in a tale of reconstruction
Authors: Phadi Mosa 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
This article claims that post-apartheid South Africa is in the midst of processes of reconstruction. W. E. B. Du Bois’ seminal text, Black reconstruction, argues that the process is untidy. It creates splinters, overlapping and reconstructing how self-determination and social change are envisioned among Black people, especially the working class. The contradictions which often emerge from the discourse and actions of the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) should thus be understood within this milieu. The EFF remains caught within the limits of the era of reconstruction, and will therefore not emancipate Black people from oppression.
Broadband sound absorption by a nested doll metasurface using multi-slit synergetic resonance
Authors: Liu Hongxing , Wu Jiu Hui , Li Bing , Lei Yunzhong , Ma Fuyin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A sound-absorbing metasurface with a multi-slit synergetic resonant effect was studied that can achieve broadband sound absorption in a range betwen 500 Hz and 1150 Hz by using a nested doll supercell with a thickness of only 44.1 mm (the thickness being one sixteenth of the wavelength). The basic unit of the improved micro-slit absorber (IMSA), made by designing the slit of the micro-slit absorber as a type of step and locating it at the edge of the surface panel, is proposed for sound absorption at lower frequencies. The improved step slit can not only change the structure’s impedance to match the medium of air at a lower frequency, but can also guide sound waves into the slit and increase the air velocity step by step, which results in a strong friction loss in the lower micro-slit. On this basis, a nested doll supercell with eight integrated parallel IMSAs was designed and tested, and was able to achieve
sound absorption in a range between 500 Hz and 1150 Hz. In addition, the bandwidth was further broadened (to between 330 Hz and 1150 Hz) by adding four additional IMSAs to the previous supercell, while the surface area of the panel only increased by about 20%. This work highlighted the potentially extensive application of broadband noise reduction due to its depth, i.e. subwavelength thickness, and the relatively small surface area of the panel.