bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatocellular carcinoma with right atrial tumor thrombus
Authors: Guo Yi-Xian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground Hepatocellular carcinoma with right atrial tumor thrombus is uncommon but with a dismal prognosis.Methods By comprehensive retrieval of literature published between 2000 and 2019, 53 reports were obtained with 187 patients recruited into this study. The extracted data included patient characteristics, tumor characteristics, treatment, follow-up and outcomes. Statistical analyses applied were student t, Fisher exact and I2 tests. Patients were devided into 6 groups according to treatment of choices: transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, interventional treatment and supportive care.Results The overall survival rate of this cohort was 40.8 %. The survival rate of patients receiving TACE was 33.3 % and that of surgical patients was 41.9 %. The survival time of patients with TACE was longer than surgical patients, but lack of a statistical significance. Patients had a follow-up of 15.7 ± 16.6 (median 10) months. The patients receiving radiotherapy had the longest follow-up among all groups. Intra- and/or extrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma was the major morbidity. The mortality rates in a decremental sequence for patients receiving different treatments were supportive care > radiotherapy > surgery > TACE > interventional treatment. No difference was found in mortality between patients reported from case reports and those from non-case reports.Conclusions Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with right atrial thrombus is an aggressive malignancy. Based on the results of median survival time, radiotherapy and TACE seemed to be associated with an improved prognosis and possible better survival.
Online-Rehabedarfstest (OREST): Wirksamkeit einer Einladung zu einem
proaktiven Screening (Selbsttest) auf Bedarf an medizinischen
Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen bei Versicherten der Deutschen Rentenversicherung
Baden-Württemberg und Rheinland
Authors: Schlöffel Malgorzata , Kampling Hanna , Fichtner Urs , Farin-Glattacker Erik , Pollmann Hartmut , Mittag Oskar 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Eine proaktive Suche nach möglichem Reha-Bedarf seitens
der 13 Rehabilitationsträger findet in Deutschland kaum statt, obwohl in einigen
Versichertengruppen ungedeckter Reha-Bedarf vermutet wird. Vor diesem
Hintergrund wurde die Wirksamkeit der Einladung zu einem webbasierten Selbsttest
auf Reha-Bedarf als neuer Zugangsweg in die medizinische Rehabilitation
evaluiert. Die Arbeitshypothese war, dass die Intervention zu mehr bewilligten
Rehabilitationsanträgen im Nachbeobachtungszeitraum von 22 Monaten führt und
sich dieser Effekt auch nach Kontrolle weiterer Einflussgrößen zeigt.
Methodik Zur Wirksamkeitsprüfung wurde eine randomisierte, kontrollierte
Studie mit N=8000 Versicherten zweier regionaler Rentenversicherungsträger
durchgeführt. Versicherte der Interventionsgruppe (IG; n=4000) wurden postalisch
über den Selbsttest informiert und erhielten individuelle Zugangsdaten hierzu
(Benutzer-ID und PIN). Die Kontrollgruppe (KG; n=4000) erhielt keine
Informationen über den Selbsttest. Primäres Outcome war die Rate bewilligter
Reha-Anträge, sekundäres Outcome die Antragsrate ungeachtet der Bewilligung.
Ergebnisse IG und KG unterscheiden sich weder bzgl. des primären noch des
sekundären Outcomes signifikant voneinander. Auch nach Kontrolle weiterer
Einflussgrößen trägt die Intervention nicht zur Vorhersage der Outcomes bei.
Einige Kontrollvariablen wie die Reha-Vorerfahrung erweisen sich jedoch als
bedeutsame Prädiktoren für die Antragstellung.
Schlussfolgerung Das bloße Angebot eines Selbsttests auf Reha-Bedarf
durch den Rentenversicherungsträger wirkt sich nicht auf das Antragsgeschehen
aus. Ein Brief des Rentenversicherungsträgers als alleinige Zugangsart erscheint
somit nicht geeignet, um eine Erhöhung der Rate sinnvoller Reha-Anträge zu
erreichen.
A neural network-based algorithm for assessing the cleanliness of small bowel during capsule endoscopy
Authors: Histace Aymeric , Dray Xavier , Leenhardt Romain , Souchaud Marc , Houist Guy , Le Mouel Jean-Philippe , Saurin Jean-Christophe , Cholet Franck , Rahmi Gabriel , Leandri Chloé 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Cleanliness scores in small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) have poor reproducibility. The aim of this study was to evaluate a neural network-based algorithm for automated assessment of small-bowel cleanliness during capsule endoscopy.
Methods 600 normal third-generation SBCE still frames were categorized as “adequate” or “inadequate” in terms of cleanliness by three expert readers, according to a 10-point scale, and served as a training database. Then, 156 third-generation SBCE recordings were categorized in a consensual manner as “adequate” or “inadequate” in terms of cleanliness; this testing database was split into two independent 78-video subsets for the tuning and evaluation of the algorithm, respectively.
Results Using a threshold of 79 % “adequate” still frames per video to achieve the best performance, the algorithm yielded a sensitivity of 90.3 %, specificity of 83.3 %, and accuracy of 89.7 %. The reproducibility was perfect. The mean calculation time per video was 3 (standard deviation 1) minutes.
Conclusion This neural network-based algorithm allowing automatic assessment of small-bowel cleanliness during capsule endoscopy was highly sensitive and paves the way for automated, standardized SBCE reports.
Acute Seizures—Work-Up and Management in Children
Authors: Romantseva Lubov , Lin Nan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSeizures are common in the pediatric population; however, most children do not go on to develop epilepsy later in life. Selecting appropriate diagnostic modalities to determine an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment as well as with counseling families regarding the etiology and prognosis of seizures, is essential. This article will review updated definitions of seizures, including provoked versus unprovoked, as well as the International League Against Epilepsy operational definition of epilepsy. A variety of specific acute symptomatic seizures requiring special consideration are discussed, along with neonatal seizures and seizure mimics, which are common in pediatric populations.
14.5.3 3-Oxidopyrylium Salts and Their Thio and Benzo-Fused Analogues (Update 2020)
Authors: Jiang B. , Zhu C.-F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 14.5) describing methods for the synthesis of 3-oxidopyrylium salts and their thio and benzo-fused analogues. It focuses on the literature published in the period 2004–2019.
14.4.16 1H-2-Benzopyran-1-ones (Update 2020)
Authors: Gao W.-C. , Tian J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 14.4.5) describing methods for the preparation of 1H-2-benzopyran-1-ones (isocoumarins) and their derivatives. The methods covered come from the literature published in the period 2003–2019.
How Things Work
Authors: Crane H. Richard 
Published: November 2020

For many years, Crane’s column "How Things Work" appeared in The Physics Teacher. This book represents 70 columns appearing between 1983 and 1991. Unpuzzling the mysteries of everyday life, Crane explains clearly the inner workings of things, all of which are familiar household objects. All the devices and phenomena covered involve physics principles and require explanations that are not immediately obvious.
Key highlights:Topics range from toys to spider webs, from ring interferometers to gasoline pumpsExplanations are simple and understandable at all levelsEntertaining and educational
How Things Work is highly readable and will appeal to anyone interested in physics generally. The collection is invaluable for physics teachers as a useful source of inspiration in the course of their teaching. Students will gain considerable understanding from the author’s flair for experimental devices.
Interferometric Temperature Monitoring
Authors: Kallard T. 
Published: November 2020

A small He-Ne laser can be used to continuously measure the temperature of a transparent substrate during vacuum deposition.
In a vacuum deposition process, a metallic material is vaporized under intense heat inside a vacuum chamber and the metallic vapors are deposited onto a substrate. The laser beam is directed to the surface of the transparent substrate through the glass wall of the vacuum chamber. Some of the light is reflected from the surface of the substrate through the opposite wall of the vacuum chamber to a converging lens outside the chamber. The beam is received by a photo-detector whose amplified output drives a strip chart recorder. The schematic for the temperature monitoring apparatus using interference effect is shown below.
A modeling framework for adaptive lifelong learning with transfer and savings through gating in the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Tsuda Ben , Tye Kay M. , Siegelmann Hava T. , Sejnowski Terrence J. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) enables humans’ ability to flexibly adapt to new environments and circumstances. Disruption of this ability is often a hallmark of prefrontal disease. Neural network models have provided tools to study how the PFC stores and uses information, yet the mechanisms underlying how the PFC is able to adapt and learn about new situations without disrupting preexisting knowledge remain unknown. We use a neural network architecture to show how hierarchical gating can naturally support adaptive learning while preserving memories from prior experience. Furthermore, we show how damage to our network model recapitulates disorders of the human PFC.
Selectivity filter ion binding affinity determines inactivation in a potassium channel
Authors: Boiteux Céline , Posson David J. , Allen Toby W. , Nimigean Crina M. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
The role of the selectivity filter in controlling potassium channel activity is different for different channels, despite identical sequences and structures. While KcsA and voltage-gated channels experience C-type inactivation by collapsing their selectivity filters under reduced potassium concentration, the mechanism by which the MthK channel regulates gating at the filter is unclear. Unlike the KcsA selectivity filter that experiences a uniform titration of its ion binding sites, leading to collapse, high-resolution X-ray structures of the pore-only MthK channel reveal that only the central S2 site loses its ion at low concentrations, insufficient for a conformational change. The selectivity filters of MthK and KcsA differ in their ion affinities due to interactions behind the filter, determining their inactivation phenotypes.
Evolution of insulin at the edge of foldability and its medical implications
Authors: Rege Nischay K. , Liu Ming , Yang Yanwu , Dhayalan Balamurugan , Wickramasinghe Nalinda P. , Chen Yen-Shan , Rahimi Leili , Guo Huan , Haataja Leena , Sun Jinhong , Ismail-Beigi Faramarz , Phillips Nelson B. , Arvan Peter , Weiss Michael A. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Protein sequences evolve under multiple constraints, including structure, stability, and bioactivity. Yet hidden constraints (inapparent in the native structure) may underlie informational content of protein sequences. An invariant aromatic residue in vertebrate insulins—a phenylalanine at its receptor-binding surface—is required for cellular folding efficiency. Any amino acid substitution impairs cellular biosynthesis, even tyrosine, whose related aromatic side chain preserves native structure and allows function within the range of natural variation. Our results suggest that sequences required for insulin’s bioactivity (similar in all vertebrates) are frozen at the edge of nonfoldability. Whereas evolved regulatory networks are ordinarily robust, proinsulin’s precarious foldability both underlies a rare monogenic form of diabetes and provides an evolutionary backdrop to the present obesity-related diabetes pandemic.
Structure of human endo-α-1,2-mannosidase (MANEA), an antiviral host-glycosylation target
Authors: Sobala Łukasz F. , Fernandes Pearl Z. , Hakki Zalihe , Thompson Andrew J. , Howe Jonathon D. , Hill Michelle , Zitzmann Nicole , Davies Scott , Stamataki Zania , Butters Terry D. , Alonzi Dominic S. , Williams Spencer J. , Davies Gideon J. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
The glycosylation of proteins is a major protein modification that occurs extensively in eukaryotes. Glycosidases in the secretory pathway that trim N-linked glycans play key roles in protein quality control and in the specific modifications leading to mature glycoproteins. Inhibition of glucosidases in the secretory pathway is a proven therapeutic strategy, that holds great promise in the treatment of viral disease. The enzyme endo-α-1,2-mannosidase (MANEA) provides an alternative processing pathway to evade glucosidase inhibitors. We report the three-dimensional structure of human MANEA and complexes with enzyme inhibitors that we show act as antivirals for bovine viral diarrhea and human dengue viruses. The structure of MANEA will support inhibitor optimization and the development of more potent antivirals.
Samir Amin in Beijing: delving into China’s delinking policy
Authors: Macheda Francesco , Nadalini Roberto 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
According to the neoliberal narratives, opening up to the world system has deformed the structure of the Chinese economy, thereby passively serving the needs of the centre. In his works, Samir Amin offers the theoretical basis to demystify such narratives. However, he only cursorily analysed the specific policies through which China has achieved the goal of subordinating the domestic market to the logic of internal development. This article attempts to fill this gap by investigating the strategy adopted by the Chinese authorities, which allowed the country to integrate itself into global relations without abandoning its strategy of delinking from imperialism.
Comment on ‘Forces on hockey players: vectors, work, energy and angular momentum Nina Nässén et al 2019 Eur. J. Phys.
40 065005’
Authors: Bracko Mike 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Nässén et al (2019 Eur. J. Phys.
40 065005) are recommending a different hockey skating technique called ‘angular momentum skating’. The authors use examples of physics, and physics equations for work and energy of traditional forward skating strides. However, this information can be interpreted as a disguise for their different skating technique because the physics models and equations do not capitulate any justification for hockey players using their angular momentum skating technique. The authors suggestion to use an angular momentum skating technique is a judgement not founded on proof or certainty. They offer no objective proof, through physics equations or otherwise, that angular momentum skating has any benefits for hockey players to be faster, more efficient skaters.
Simple model of a standing vertical jump
Authors: L Lin Chris 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper we use Newton’s third law to deduce the simplest model of a system that can perform a standing vertical jump—a two-segmented object with an initial constant repulsive force between the segments, followed by an abrupt attractive force. Such an object, when placed on a sturdy ground, will jump, and the motion can be calculated using only the constant acceleration equations, making the example suitable for algebra-based physics. We then proceed to solve for the motion of an n-segmented object and determine the optimal number of segments for jumping. We then discuss a few similarities and differences of this simple model from jumping robots and jumping humans and conclude by arguing the model’s pedagogical merits.
Modelling of the magnetization reversal of nanocomposites consisting of core–shell particles
Authors: Erokhin Sergey G , Berkov Dmitry V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We performed large-scale micromagnetic simulations on core–shell particle systems for

S
r
F

e

12

O

19

/

F
e

and

C
o
F

e
2

O
4

/

C
o

nanocomposites, where both magnetically hard and soft materials were considered as the core or shell materials of these particles. A detailed analysis of the influence of structural properties and exchange core–shell coupling within the same particle on the magnetization reversal of a nanocomposite was carried out, revealing different remagnetization scenarios in terms of the evolution of magnetization distributions in soft magnetic cores. The optimal nanocomposite compounds with respect to the energy product of material were predicted.
IFM Nano Thruster performance studied by experiments and numerical simulations
Authors: Mühlich Nina Sarah , Seifert Bernhard , Aumayr Friedrich 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Field emission electric propulsion thrusters are characterised by their low thrust range, which makes them ideal for the precise control of spacecraft. Decisive for precise control are the properties of the thruster ion beam, which includes the beam divergence angle and the thrust vector. The analysis of these properties is also necessary in order to be able to estimate the interactions of the beam with components of the spacecraft. Due to such interactions, solar panels or electrical instruments on board the spacecraft could be damaged by sputtering effects.
The spatial ion current density and energy distribution of a test crown emitter beam, with different specifications compared to the IFM Nano thruster, were examined experimentally with a diagnostic system, including Faraday cups and a retarding potential analyser. In addition to the analysis of the beam profile of an emitting crown, a single emitting needle was analysed. Based on these experimental analyses, an ion trajectory simulation model was developed to determine the theoretical ion current density distribution. This model includes the properties of a liquid metal ion source, where the ion trajectories start from their point of origin, the so-called Taylor cone jet cap. The benchmark of the model shows that the thrust vector and divergence angle correspond to the experimental results and shows the identical calculations for different thruster parameters, like emission current and electrode voltage. The simulation allows for the optimisation of existing and novel thruster geometries in terms of performance, reliability and longevity.
Analysing the charged scalar boson contribution to the charged-current B meson anomalies
Authors: Cardozo Jonathan , Muñoz J H , Quintero Néstor , Rojas Eduardo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Experimental measurements collected by the BABAR, Belle, and LHCb experiments on different observables associated with the semileptonic transition

b
→
c
τ

ν

̄

τ

, indicate the existence of disagreement respect with the Standard Model predictions. We analyze the charged scalar boson contributions to these charged-current B meson anomalies within the framework of two Higgs doublet model (2HDM) with the most general Yukawa couplings to quarks and leptons from the third generation, involving left-handed and right-handed (sterile) neutrinos. We perform a phenomenological study of the Yukawa couplings parameter space that accommodates these anomalies. We consider the most recent data from HFLAV world-average and Belle combination, and the upper limits

BR

(

B

c

−

→

τ

−

ν

̄

τ

)

<
30
%

and 10%. In addition, we include in our study the prospect measurements on R(D
(*)) that the Belle II experiment could achieve and explore, for the first time, the future implications for the corresponding charged scalar Yukawa couplings. This analysis updates the existing literature and includes new important observables. Our results show that current experimental

b
→
c
τ

ν

̄

τ

data and Belle II projection favor the interpretation of a charged scalar boson interacting with right-handed neutrinos. Furthermore, as a side analysis regarding the charged scalar boson interpretation, we revisit the relation between R(D*) and

BR

(

B

c

−

→

τ

−

ν

̄

τ

)

by investigating whether the claim that pseudoscalar new physics interpretations of R(D*) are implausible due to the B

c
lifetime is still valid, to the light of the recent data and Belle II prospects on R(D*). Lastly, we reexamine addressing the R(D
(*)) anomalies in the context of the 2HDM of type II. We show that with the current Belle combined data is possible to obtain an available parameter space on the plane

(

M

H

±

,
tan

β

)

for a simultaneous explanation of the anomalies, in consistency with

B
→
τ

ν

̄

τ

and bounds from inclusive radiative B decays. Moreover, projections at the Belle II experiment suggest that the 2HDM of type II would be no longer disfavored.
Pyroelectric ultrasound sensor model: directional response
Authors: Kaupinmäki Santeri , Cox Ben , Arridge Simon , Baker Christian , Sinden David , Zeqiri Bajram 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ultrasound is typically measured using phase-sensitive piezoelectric sensors. Interest in phase-insensitive sensors has grown recently, with proposed applications including ultrasound attenuation tomography of the breast and acoustic power measurement. One advantage of phase-insensitive detectors, in contrast to conventional phase-sensitive detectors, is that they do not suffer from a narrow directional response at high frequencies due to phase cancellation. A numerical model of a phase-insensitive pyroelectric ultrasound sensor is presented. The model consists of three coupled components run in sequence: acoustic, thermal, and electrical. The acoustic simulation models the propagation and absorption of the incident ultrasound wave. The absorbed acoustic power density is used as a heat source in the thermal simulation of the time-evolution of the temperature in the sensor. Both the acoustic and thermal simulations are performed using the k-Wave MATLAB toolbox with an assumption that shear waves are not supported in the medium. The final component of the model is a pyroelectric circuit model which outputs the sensor response based on the temperature change in the sensor. The modelled pyroelectric sensor response and directional dependence are compared to empirical data.
FDTD method study on the effects of geometric parameters on the W- Al2O3 nano-structure thermal emitter
Authors: Lyu Jizu , Cui Guicheng , Shi Lin , Gao Linsong , Bai Minli , Jiang Lei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a 2D periodic structure made of tungsten (W) grating patch on a thin Al2O3 spacer and an opaque W film is proposed, as a broadband selective thermal emitter. We numerically investigated the spectral emissivity of the structure from the deep by finite-difference time-domain method. Geometric parameters effects on the emissivity are discussed and the mechanisms of magnetic polaritons in the structure are further analyzed in detail. In addition, by adding another metal-dielectric stack upon the pre-existing grating structure, the emissivity of the composite structure can be further enhanced, and the normal emissivity exceeds 0.95 in the wavelength range of 0.65–1.95 μm, some even close to unity. Furthermore, the composite structures are found to exhibit insensitivity to polar angle and polarization.