bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of high-intensity interval training in young heart transplant recipients: results from two randomized controlled trials
Authors: Nytrøen Kari , Rolid Katrine , Yardley Marianne , Gullestad Lars 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Little is known about the effect of exercise in young heart transplant recipients, and results on group level is lacking. This study summarizes the findings of the youngest participants in two previous randomized controlled trials.

Method
This is a hypothesis-generating study reporting the main results from the youngest participants in two larger randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIT). The article summarizes the main results from 28 young participants (< 40 year of age) who have participated in two previous studies which evaluated the effect of HIT vs. controls in adult heart transplant recipients. One of the studies included de novo heart transplant recipients and the other included maintenance heart transplant recipients.
All study tests were performed in-hospital, in the specialist health care setting, but the exercise intervention was carried out locally, in cooperation with the primary health care. In both studies the exercise intervention lasted for 9–12 months. In one study, HIT (85–95% of peak effort) was compared to controls (no specific intervention), and in the other study HIT was compared to moderate, continuous exercise (MICT, 60–80% of peak effort). The main outcome measure was peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and a secondary endpoint was muscle strength.

Results
The summarized findings from the youngest heart transplant recipients in these two studies demonstrated mainly that the improvement in peak oxygen uptake among the younger recipients (< 40 years) was much larger (4.7 vs. 1.2 ml/kg/min and 7.0 vs. 2.2 ml/kg/min) compared to the improvement among the older recipients (≥ 40 years), and in accordance with results from adult heart transplant populations: HIT, compared to MICT, induced the largest improvement in peak oxygen consumption, also in the younger heart transplant recipients.

Conclusions
These results suggest that young heart transplant recipients have a greater effect of HIT than of MICT and may also suggest that younger recipients benefit more from high-intensity interval training than their older co-patients. However, larger randomized studies focusing on the young heart transplant population is strongly needed to confirm this hypothesis.

Trial registration
Clinical trial registrations: NCT01796379 and NCT01091194.
Mathematical modeling of vaporization during laser-induced thermotherapy in liver tissue
Authors: Blauth Sebastian , Hübner Frank , Leithäuser Christian , Siedow Norbert , Vogl Thomas J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLaser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive method causing tumor destruction due to heat ablation and coagulative effects. Computer simulations can play an important role to assist physicians with the planning and monitoring of the treatment. Our recent study with ex-vivo porcine livers has shown that the vaporization of the water in the tissue must be taken into account when modeling LITT. We extend the model used for simulating LITT to account for vaporization using two different approaches. Results obtained with these new models are then compared with the measurements from the original study.
Genome sequencing and analysis of fungus Hirsutella sinensis isolated from Ophiocordyceps sinensis
Authors: Jin Li-Qun , Xu Zhe-Wen , Zhang Bo , Yi Ming , Weng Chun-Yue , Lin Shan , Wu Hui , Qin Xiang-Tian , Xu Feng , Teng Yi , Yuan Shui-Jin , Liu Zhi-Qiang , Zheng Yu-Guo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOphiocordyceps sinensishas been used as a traditional medicine or healthy food in China for thousands of years.Hirsutella sinensiswas reported as the only correct anamorph ofO. sinensis. It is reported that the laboratory-grownH. sinensismycelium has similar clinical efficacy and less associated toxicity compared to the wildO. sinensis. The research of theH. sinensisis becoming more and more important and urgent. To gain deeper insight into the biological and pharmacological mechanisms, we sequenced the genome ofH. sinensis. The genome ofH. sinensis(102.72 Mb) was obtained for the first time, with > 99% coverage. 10,200 protein-encoding genes were predicted based on the genome sequence. A detailed secondary metabolism analysis and structure verification of the main ingredients were performed, and the biosynthesis pathways of seven ingredients (mannitol, cordycepin, purine nucleotides, pyrimidine nucleotides, unsaturated fatty acid, cordyceps polysaccharide and sphingolipid) were predicted and drawn. Furthermore, infection process and mechanism ofH. sinensiswere studied and elaborated in this article. The enzymes involved in the infection mechanism were also predicted, cloned and expressed to verify the mechanism. The genes and proteins were predicted and annotated based on the genome sequence. The pathways of several active components inH. sinensiswere predicted and key enzymes were confirmed. The work presented here would improve the understanding of the genetic basis of this organism, and contribute to further research, production and application ofH. sinensis.
The role of autophagy in the cytotoxicity induced by trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in HER2-positive breast cancer cells
Authors: Liu Peipei , Fan Jiajun , Wang Ziyu , Zai Wenjing , Song Ping , Li Yongping , Ju Dianwen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTrastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), an antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) of trastuzumab and cytotoxic agent emtansine (DM1), has been approved for the therapy of metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer after prior treatment of trastuzumab and taxane. The impressive efficacy exhibited by T-DM1 has heightened the need for more further studies on the underlying mechanisms of T-DM1 cytotoxicity. Previous research suggested that autophagy was crucial for cancer therapy, but the role of autophagy in T-DM1 treatment has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that T-DM1 triggered obvious autophagy in HER2-positive SK-BR-3 and BT-474 breast cancer cells. Blocking autophagy with pharmacological inhibitors chloroquine (CQ) or LY294002 partly reduced T-DM1-induced apoptosis and Caspase-3/7 activation, suggesting that autophagy played an essential role in the cytotoxicity induced by T-DM1 in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Further investigation demonstrated that Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was involved in T-DM1-induced autophagy in a time-dependent manner. Altogether, our results highlighted the important role of autophagy as a novel mechanism for T-DM1-induced cytotoxicity and elucidated the critical relationships between T-DM1-induced autophagy and apoptosis in human HER2-positive breast cancer cells, which provides novel insight into the underlying anti-tumor mechanism of T-DM1.
Machine learning through cryptographic glasses: combating adversarial attacks by key-based diversified aggregation
Authors: Taran Olga , Rezaeifar Shideh , Holotyak Taras , Voloshynovskiy Slava 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn recent years, classification techniques based on deep neural networks (DNN) were widely used in many fields such as computer vision, natural language processing, and self-driving cars. However, the vulnerability of the DNN-based classification systems to adversarial attacks questions their usage in many critical applications. Therefore, the development of robust DNN-based classifiers is a critical point for the future deployment of these methods. Not less important issue is understanding of the mechanisms behind this vulnerability. Additionally, it is not completely clear how to link machine learning with cryptography to create an information advantage of the defender over the attacker. In this paper, we propose a key-based diversified aggregation (KDA) mechanism as a defense strategy in a gray- and black-box scenario. KDA assumes that the attacker (i) knows the architecture of classifier and the used defense strategy, (ii) has an access to the training data set, but (iii) does not know a secret key and does not have access to the internal states of the system. The robustness of the system is achieved by a specially designed key-based randomization. The proposed randomization prevents the gradients’ back propagation and restricts the attacker to create a “bypass” system. The randomization is performed simultaneously in several channels. Each channel introduces its own randomization in a special transform domain. The sharing of a secret key between the training and test stages creates an information advantage to the defender. Finally, the aggregation of soft outputs from each channel stabilizes the results and increases the reliability of the final score. The performed experimental evaluation demonstrates a high robustness and universality of the KDA against state-of-the-art gradient-based gray-box transferability attacks and the non-gradient-based black-box attacks (The results reported in this paper have been partially presented in CVPR 2019 (Taran et al., Defending against adversarial attacks by randomized diversification, 2019) & ICIP 2019 (Taran et al., Robustification of deep net classifiers by key-based diversified aggregation with pre-filtering, 2019)).
e-Health interventions for healthy aging: a systematic review
Authors: Buyl Ronald , Beogo Idrissa , Fobelets Maaike , Deletroz Carole , Van Landuyt Philip , Dequanter Samantha , Gorus Ellen , Bourbonnais Anne , Giguère Anik , Lechasseur Kathleen , Gagnon Marie-Pierre 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Healthy aging (HA) is a contemporary challenge for population health worldwide. Electronic health (e-Health) interventions have the potential to support empowerment and education of adults aged 50 and over.

Objectives
To summarize evidence on the effectiveness of e-Health interventions on HA and explore how specific e-Health interventions and their characteristics effectively impact HA.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted based on the Cochrane Collaboration methods including any experimental study design published in French, Dutch, Spanish, and English from 2000 to 2018.

Results
Fourteen studies comparing various e-Health interventions to multiple components controls were included. The target population, type of interventions, and outcomes measured were very heterogeneous across studies; thus, a meta-analysis was not possible. However, effect estimates indicate that e-Health interventions could improve physical activity. Positive effects were also found for other healthy behaviors (e.g., healthy eating), psychological outcomes (e.g., memory), and clinical parameters (e.g., blood pressure). Given the low certainty of the evidence related to most outcomes, these results should be interpreted cautiously.

Conclusions
This systematic review found limited evidence supporting the effectiveness of e-Health interventions, although the majority of studies show positive effects of these interventions for improving physical activity in older adults. Thus, better quality evidence is needed regarding the effects of e-Health on the physiological, psychological, and social dimensions of HA.

Systematic review registration
The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42016033163)
Derivation of computational formulas for Changhee polynomials and their functional and differential equations
Authors: So Ji Suk , Simsek Yilmaz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to demonstrate many explicit computational formulas and relations involving the Changhee polynomials and numbers and their differential equations with the help of functional equations and partial derivative equations for generating functions of these polynomials and numbers. These formulas also include the Euler polynomials, the Stirling numbers, the Bernoulli numbers and polynomials of the second kind, the Changhee polynomials of higher order, and the Daehee polynomials of higher order, which are among the well known polynomial families. By using PDEs of these generating functions, not only some recurrence relations for derivative formulas of the Changhee polynomials of higher order, but also two open problems for partial derivative equations for generating functions are given. Moreover, by using functional equations of the generating functions, two inequalities including combinatorial sums, the Changhee numbers of negative order, and the Stirling numbers of the second kind are provided. Finally, further remarks and observations for the results of this paper are given.
Prevalence, indications and neonatal complications of caesarean deliveries in Cameroon: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Njim Tsi , Tanyitiku Bayee Swiri , Mbanga Clarence 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The trend of increasing caesarean deliveries in developed countries over the past three decades is now being observed in sub-Saharan African. This rise might be associated with an increase in the complications that could arise from this surgical intervention. We therefore sought to assess the prevalence, indications and complications of caesarean deliveries in Cameroon.

Methods
We systematically searched online databases: Medline; Global Health and the CINAHL from 01st January 1966 to 25th July 2019. We reviewed published cohort studies, retrospective register analysis and cross-sectional studies that described cohorts of pregnant women presenting at delivery facilities in Cameroon; and included those that had an estimate of the proportion of women who delivered by caesarean sections.

Results
There were 126 articles initially identified by the search and 88 articles were retained after removal of duplicates. After screening of the titles and abstracts, and full text review, we identified 16 articles describing 22 cohorts of women presenting for delivery in health facilities in Cameroon. The overall estimate for the prevalence of caesarean deliveries was 9.9% (95% CI: 7.4, 12.8%, I2 = 99.68%, χ2 = 315.9, p < 0.001). The prevalence of caesarean deliveries increased progressively from 3.4% (95% CI: 2.2, 4.8%) before the year 2000, to 9.8% (95% CI: 7.4, 12.8%) between 2000 and 2009 and 14.7% (95% CI: 8.8, 21.7%) from 2010 to 2019. The three commonest indications for caesarean deliveries were: cephalopelvic disproportion (27.5%; 95% CI: 17.5, 38.7%); previous caesarean deliveries (13.2%; 95% CI: 7.4, 20.3%) and foetal distress (11.2%; 95% CI: 4.8, 19.5%). Neonates who were born by caesarean delivery were more likely to have neonatal asphyxia when compared with neonates born from vaginal deliveries (OR: 6.5; 95% CI: 2.5, 16.5).

Conclusion
The rates of caesarean deliveries in Cameroon falls just within the recommended 10–15% range proposed by the World Health Organisation but have however been increasing progressively in the past decades. There is a strong need to assess the various indications of caesarean deliveries in Cameroon in order to curb its associated complications.
Engineering CRISPR/Cas9 to mitigate abundant host contamination for 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing
Authors: Song Luyang , Xie Kabin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
High-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene (16S-seq) is a useful and common method for studying bacterial community structures. However, contamination of the 16S rRNA genes from the mitochondrion and plastid hinders the sensitive bacterial 16S-seq in plant microbiota profiling, especially for some plant species such as rice. To date, efficiently mitigating such host contamination without a bias is challenging in 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing.

Results
We developed Cas-16S-seq method to reduce abundant host contamination for plant microbiota profiling. This method utilizes the Cas9 nuclease and specific guide RNA (gRNA) to cut 16S rRNA targets during library construction, thereby removing host contamination in 16S-seq. We used rice as an example to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of Cas-16S-seq. We established a bioinformatics pipeline to design gRNAs that specifically target rice 16S rRNA genes without bacterial 16S rRNA off-targets. We compared the effectiveness of Cas-16S-seq with that of the commonly used 16S-seq method for artificially mixed 16S rRNA gene communities, paddy soil, rice root, and phyllosphere samples. The results showed that Cas-16S-seq substantially reduces the fraction of rice 16S rRNA gene sequences from 63.2 to 2.9% in root samples and from 99.4 to 11.6% in phyllosphere samples on average. Consequently, Cas-16S-seq detected more bacterial species than the 16S-seq in plant samples. Importantly, when analyzing soil samples, Cas-16S-seq and 16S-seq showed almost identical bacterial communities, suggesting that Cas-16S-seq with host-specific gRNAs that we designed has no off-target in rice microbiota profiling.

Conclusion
Our Cas-16S-seq can efficiently remove abundant host contamination without a bias for 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing, thereby enabling deeper bacterial community profiling with a low cost and high flexibility. Thus, we anticipate that this method would be a useful tool for plant microbiomics.
Transcriptional profiling of multiple system atrophy cerebellar tissue highlights differences between the parkinsonian and cerebellar sub-types of the disease
Authors: Piras Ignazio S. , Bleul Christiane , Schrauwen Isabelle , Talboom Joshua , Llaci Lorida , De Both Matthew D. , Naymik Marcus A. , Halliday Glenda , Bettencourt Conceicao , Holton Janice L. , Serrano Geidy E. , Sue Lucia I. , Beach Thomas G. , Stefanova Nadia , Huentelman Matthew J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare adult-onset neurodegenerative disease of unknown cause, with no effective therapeutic options, and no cure. Limited work to date has attempted to characterize the transcriptional changes associated with the disease, which presents as either predominating parkinsonian (MSA-P) or cerebellar (MSC-C) symptoms. We report here the results of RNA expression profiling of cerebellar white matter (CWM) tissue from two independent cohorts of MSA patients (n = 66) and healthy controls (HC; n = 66). RNA samples from bulk brain tissue and from oligodendrocytes obtained by laser capture microdissection (LCM) were sequenced. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained and were examined before and after stratifying by MSA clinical sub-type.We detected the highest number of DEGs in the MSA-C group (n = 747) while only one gene was noted in MSA-P, highlighting the larger dysregulation of the transcriptome in the MSA-C CWM. Results from both bulk tissue and LCM analysis showed a downregulation of oligodendrocyte genes and an enrichment for myelination processes with a key role noted for the QKI gene. Additionally, we observed a significant upregulation of neuron-specific gene expression in MSA-C and enrichment for synaptic processes. A third cluster of genes was associated with the upregulation of astrocyte and endothelial genes, two cell types with a key role in inflammation processes. Finally, network analysis in MSA-C showed enrichment for β-amyloid related functional classes, including the known Alzheimer’s disease (AD) genes, APP and PSEN1.This is the largest RNA profiling study ever conducted on post-mortem brain tissue from MSA patients. We were able to define specific gene expression signatures for MSA-C highlighting the different stages of the complex neurodegenerative cascade of the disease that included alterations in several cell-specific transcriptional programs. Finally, several results suggest a common transcriptional dysregulation between MSA and AD-related genes despite the clinical and neuropathological distinctions between the two diseases.
The lipid phosphatase Synaptojanin 1 undergoes a significant alteration in expression and solubility and is associated with brain lesions in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ando Kunie , Ndjim Marième , Turbant Sabrina , Fontaine Gaëlle , Pregoni Gustavo , Dauphinot Luce , Yilmaz Zehra , Suain Valérie , Mansour Salwa , Authelet Michèle , De Dekker Robert , Leroy Karelle , Delatour Benoît ,   Brain Bank NeuroCEB Neuropathology Network, Letournel Franck , Martin-Négrier Marie-Laure , Chapon Françoise , Godfraind Catherine , Maurage Claude-Alain , Deramecourt Vincent , Meyronnet David , Streichenberger Nathalie , de Paula André Maues , Rigau Valérie , Vandenbos-Burel Fanny , Duyckaerts Charles , Seilhean Danielle , Boluda Susana , Plu Isabelle , Milin Serge , Chiforeanu Dan Christian , Laquerrière Annie , Lannes Béatrice , Duyckaerts Charles , Potier Marie-Claude , Brion Jean-Pierre 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSynaptojanin 1 (SYNJ1) is a brain-enriched lipid phosphatase critically involved in autophagosomal/endosomal trafficking, synaptic vesicle recycling and metabolism of phosphoinositides. Previous studies suggest that SYNJ1 polymorphisms have significant impact on the age of onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and that SYNJ1 is involved in amyloid-induced toxicity. Yet SYNJ1 protein level and cellular localization in post-mortem human AD brain tissues have remained elusive. This study aimed to examine whether SYNJ1 localization and expression are altered in post-mortem AD brains. We found that SYNJ1 is accumulated in Hirano bodies, plaque-associated dystrophic neurites and some neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). SYNJ1 immunoreactivity was higher in neurons and in the senile plaques in AD patients carrying one or two ApolipoproteinE (APOE) ε4 allele(s). In two large cohorts of APOE-genotyped controls and AD patients, SYNJ1 transcripts were significantly increased in AD temporal isocortex compared to control. There was a significant increase in SYNJ1 transcript in APOEε4 carriers compared to non-carriers in AD cohort. SYNJ1 was systematically co-enriched with PHF-tau in the sarkosyl-insoluble fraction of AD brain. In the RIPA-insoluble fraction containing protein aggregates, SYNJ1 proteins were significantly increased and observed as a smear containing full-length and cleaved fragments in AD brains. In vitro cleavage assay showed that SYNJ1 is a substrate of calpain, which is highly activated in AD brains. Our study provides evidence of alterations in SYNJ1 mRNA level and SYNJ1 protein degradation, solubility and localization in AD brains.