bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadening the functional and evolutionary understanding of postnatal neurogenesis using reptilian models
Authors: LaDage Lara D. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThe production of new neurons in the brains of adult animals was first identified by Altman and Das in 1965, but it was not until the late 20th century when methods for visualizing new neuron production improved that there was a dramatic increase in research on neurogenesis in the adult brain. We now know that adult neurogenesis is a ubiquitous process that occurs across a wide range of taxonomic groups. This process has largely been studied in mammals; however, there are notable differences between mammals and other taxonomic groups in how, why and where new neuron production occurs. This Review will begin by describing the processes of adult neurogenesis in reptiles and identifying the similarities and differences in these processes between reptiles and model rodent species. Further, this Review underscores the importance of appreciating how wild-caught animals vary in neurogenic properties compared with laboratory-reared animals and how this can be used to broaden the functional and evolutionary understanding of why and how new neurons are produced in the adult brain. Studying variation in neural processes across taxonomic groups provides an evolutionary context to adult neurogenesis while also advancing our overall understanding of neurogenesis and brain plasticity.
Soft tissue management in open tibial shaft fractures
Authors: Garner Matthew R. , Warner Stephen J. , Heiner Jacob A. , Kim Yesul T. , Agel Julie 
Published: August 2020

Aims To compare results of institutional preferences with regard to treatment of soft tissues in the setting of open tibial shaft fractures. Methods We present a retrospective review of open tibial shaft fractures at two high-volume level 1 trauma centres with differing practices with regard to the acute management of soft tissues. Site 1 attempts acute primary closure, while site 2 prefers delayed closure/coverage. Comparisons include percentage of primary closure, number of surgical procedures until definitive closure, percentage requiring soft tissue coverage, and percentage of 90-day wound complication. Results Overall, there were 219 patients at site 1 and 282 patients at site 2. Differences in rates of acute wound closure were seen (168 (78%) at site 1 vs 101 (36%) at site 2). A mean of 1.5 procedures for definitive closure was seen at site 1 compared to 3.4 at site 2. No differences were seen in complication, nonunion, or amputation rates. Similar results were seen in a sub-analysis of type III injuries. Conclusion Comparing outcomes of open tibial shaft fractures at two institutions with different rates initial wound management, no differences were seen in 90-day wound complications, nonunion rates, or need for amputation. Attempted acute closure resulted in a lower number of planned secondary procedures when compared with planned delayed closure. Providers should consider either acute closure or delayed coverage based on the injury characteristics, surgeon preference and institutional resources without concern that the decision at the time of index surgery will lead to an increased risk of complication. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-8:481–487.
Artificial Intelligence in plastic surgery: What is it? Where are we now? What is on the horizon?
Authors: Murphy DC , Saleh DB 
Published: August 2020

Introduction An increasing quantity of data is required to guide precision medicine and advance future healthcare practices, but current analytical methods often become overwhelmed. Artificial intelligence (AI) provides a promising solution. Plastic surgery is an innovative surgical specialty expected to implement AI into current and future practices. It is important for all plastic surgeons to understand how AI may affect current and future practice, and to recognise its potential limitations. Methods Peer-reviewed published literature and online content were comprehensively reviewed. We report current applications of AI in plastic surgery and possible future applications based on published literature and continuing scientific studies, and detail its potential limitations and ethical considerations. Findings Current machine learning models using convolutional neural networks can evaluate breast mammography and differentiate benign and malignant tumours as accurately as specialist doctors, and motion sensor surgical instruments can collate real-time data to advise intraoperative technical adjustments. Centralised big data portals are expected to collate large datasets to accelerate understanding of disease pathogeneses and best practices. Information obtained using computer vision could guide intraoperative surgical decisions in unprecedented detail and semi-autonomous surgical systems guided by AI algorithms may enable improved surgical outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. Surgeons must collaborate with computer scientists to ensure that AI algorithms inform clinically relevant health objectives and are interpretable. Ethical concerns such as systematic biases causing non-representative conclusions for under-represented patient groups, patient confidentiality and the limitations of AI based on the quality of data input suggests that AI will accompany the plastic surgeon, rather than replace them.
Picometer wavefront sensing using the phase-contrast technique
Authors: Steeves John , Wallace J. Kent , Kettenbeil Christian , Jewell Jeffrey 
Published: August 2020

Precision wavefront sensing and interferometry are essential in many
fields of industry and fundamental research. Characterization of
semiconductor devices, optics in lithography systems, and biologic
features of living cells all require measurement resolution at the
nanometer level. The field of high-contrast imaging in space-based
astronomy has pushed wavefront sensing requirements to a new regime
with current and future concepts requiring sensitivity on the order of
10 pm. Techniques to achieve this level of precision have been
demonstrated, but require large, expensive instrumentation with custom
light sources, and therefore do not provide a solution for in-space
operation. Here we demonstrate experimentally the ability to detect
picometer-level wavefront errors at spatial frequencies limited only
by the pixel count of the sampling detector using a simple,
inexpensive method. The system is based on the Zernike wavefront
sensor (ZWFS) that implements the phase-contrast technique whereby the
DC portion of an optical wavefront is phase-shifted with respect to
its higher spatial frequency components. In our demonstration, a
highly repeatable deformable mirror is used to introduce phase
variations into an optical path. We readily sense 60 pm RMS changes in
wavefront errors with the ZWFS system with measurement repeatability
on the order of 0.6 pm. This technique is an enabling technology for
future astronomy missions; however, there are widespread applications
to many other fields requiring high-precision interferometry.
Experimental observations of bright dissipative cavity solitons and their collapsed snaking in a Kerr resonator with normal dispersion driving
Authors: Li Zongda , Xu Yiqing , Coen Stéphane , Murdoch Stuart G. , Erkintalo Miro 
Published: August 2020

Driven Kerr nonlinear optical resonators can sustain localized structures known as dissipative Kerr cavity solitons, which have recently attracted significant attention as the temporal counterparts of microresonator optical frequency combs. While conventional wisdom asserts that bright cavity solitons can only exist when driving in the region of anomalous dispersion, recent theoretical studies have predicted that higher-order dispersion can fundamentally alter the situation, enabling bright localized structures even under conditions of normal dispersion driving. Here we demonstrate a flexible optical fiber ring resonator platform that offers unprecedented control over dispersion conditions, and we report on the first experimental observations of bright localized structures that are fundamentally enabled by higher-order dispersion. In broad agreement with past theoretical predictions, we find that several distinct bright structures can coexist for the same parameters, and we observe experimental evidence of their collapsed snaking bifurcation structure. Our results also elucidate the physical mechanisms that underpin the bright structures, highlighting the key role of spectral recoil due to dispersive wave emission. In addition to enabling direct experimental verifications of a number of theoretical predictions, we show that the ability to judiciously control the dispersion conditions offers a novel route for ultrashort pulse generation: the bright structures circulating in our resonator correspond to pulses of light as short as 230 fs—the record for a passive all-fiber ring resonator. We envisage that our work will stimulate further fundamental studies on the impact of higher-order dispersion on Kerr cavity dynamics, as well as guide the development of novel ultrashort pulse sources and dispersion-engineered microresonator frequency combs.
Endoscopic Management of the Ascending Colon Perforation Secondary to a Rare-Earth Magnets Ingestion in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Camacho-Gomez Sandra Mabel , Noel James Meredith , Noel Robert Adam 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Rare magnets (neodymium magnets) are high-powered magnets known to cause intestinal perforation if the intestinal mucosa is trapped in between 2 or several magnets. A bowel perforation in pediatric patients secondary to magnets is usually managed with a surgical intervention that might require enterectomy. We report a case of an 11-year-old boy who presented with abdominal pain and a finding on abdominal x-ray of radiopaque foreign bodies located in the ascending colon. He underwent colonoscopy with a finding of embedded magnets with a colonic perforation. The colonoscopy revealed embedded magnets in the colonic mucosa that were colonoscopically removed, and then, the perforated site was successfully managed with endoclipping of the perforation site in the ascending colon.
Doxycycline-Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis
Authors: Pan Jason Jeng , Promrat Kittichai 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Doxycycline and minocycline are tetracyclines with the potential to cause hepatoxicity. Although autoimmune-like hepatitis from minocycline is well-described, doxycycline-induced autoimmune hepatitis (DIAH) has only been described once. We report a rare case of DIAH with elevated liver enzymes over 5 times the normal upper limit, elevated immunoglobulin G, and high titers of antismooth muscle antibody and antinuclear antibody. By stopping doxycycline, our patient's liver enzymes normalized and immunoglobulin G and autoantibody titers rapidly downtrended. As long-term doxycycline therapy becomes more prevalent to treat acne vulgaris and other skin conditions, DIAH may become more prevalent and recognized.
Sistema de indicadores para gestão de projetos multidiscilinares de ensino
Authors: Eizerik Flavia , Danilevicz Ângela de Moura Ferreira , De Paula Istefani Carísio 
Published: August 2020

O objetivo do presente artigo é o de propor um sistema de indicadores para gestão de Projetos Multidisciplinares Escolares (ProjMEs), para servir de apoio a tomada de decisão em escolas. Para tal, foi desenvolvida uma survey, a partir de uma revisão sistemática da literatura combinada com uma entrevista em profundidade com stakeholders de projetos. Os resultados desta survey serviram para mapear o cenário brasileiro da gestão de ProjMEs. E, a partir dos resultados deste mapeamento, combinados com a entrevista em profundidade foi gerado o Sistema de Indicadores para Projetos Multidisciplinares Escolares (SID-ProjMEd) baseado em oito Objetivos de projetos: (i) Ampliação do Conhecimento do aluno; (ii) autonomia do aluno; (iii) convívio social; (iv) experimentação prática do conteúdo; (v) interdisciplinaridade; (vi) protagonismo do aluno; (vii) variação do cotidiano escolar; e (viii) Iron Triangle. O SID-ProjMEs é composto por estes oito objetivos e 24 indicadores, sendo três para cada Objetivo.
The Effect of Investment Climate on Productivity of Food and Beverages Industries in Eswatini
Authors: Hlanze M. P. , Dlamini Daniel Vusi , Ajetomobi J. O. 
Published: August 2020

Food security and job creation are among the top priorities of the government of Eswatini. To address these priorities, the government have made substantial amount of investment to support the agricultural sector over the years. Regardless of these policy intervention, Eswatini is still an importer of food and unemployment remains substantial high. The study examined the influence of investment climate on productivity of food and beverages industries in Eswatini. Findings of this study will assist the government of Eswatini to design focused policy interventions in order to attract more local and foreign direct investment.A Cobb-Douglas production function for Eswatini of manufacturing industries was estimated using 2006 cross sectional data from the World Bank to produce a measure of TFP for each industry. In addition, an extended Cobb-Douglas production function was estimated with investment climate variables for selected manufacturing industries.The results showed that manufacturing industries in Eswatini are labour intensive and competition from informal sectors is the main obstacle faced by manufacturing industries in Eswatini. The findings of the study further reveals that an increase in corruption cause a decrease in productivity. The study recommends investment in institutional reforms especially to fight against corruption and efficacy in the provision of public goods and services. It further recommends a resilient support and regulation of the informal sector.
Non-performing loans in the hotel industry: The case of Greece
Authors: Dr. Kasimati Evangelia , Kapralou Nuriya , Kyriakopoulou Panagiota 
Published: August 2020

Throughout the Greek economic crisis, the problem of rising stock of non-performing loans (NPLs)[1] gradually evolved into one of the most challenging structural deficiencies faced by the Greek banking sector. Despite outstanding performance of the Greek tourism sector, which over the last five years attracted record number of tourists each year, NPLs in the hotel sector remain widespread. The objective of this study is to identify macroeconomic factors and sector-specific characteristics, which led to NPL stock piling in Greek tourism sector. Our findings are supported by rare dataset on NPLs in Greek hospitality sector compiled from publicly available sources. We apply descriptive quantitative analysis to the data from the Bank of Greece, the Hellenic Statistical Authority and other official sources. We found that, despite the record performance of the Greek tourism sector, hotel loans are as problematic as loans issued to other sectors of the Greek economy. Our findings contribute to the NPL literature by providing valuable insights for the Greek hotel industry’s NPL stock, especially in view of the fact that such academic research has not been conducted before.

[1]The term ‘NPLs’ is used as a shorthand term to denote all Non-Performing Exposures (NPEs) (ECB, 2017).When a customer delays payment of a loan that is subject to a specific contract with a bank for more than a predetermined number of days then this is considered NPL. Depending on the country, bank, and applicable provisions, the number of days may refer to more than 30, 60 or 90 days (IMF, 2011). The European Supervisory Authorities consider a loan as non-performing when the borrower has been late for more than 90 days to pay the agreed installments to the financial institution that has contracted the contract. According to the European Central Bank (2016), loans repaid by the borrower within the agreed term are considered to be "serviced". Due to the fact that the definition of NPLs is based on a variety of different interpretations, the European Banking Authority attempted to give a single definition through the term ‘NPEs’. NPEs include not only loans but all debt instruments (loans, advances and debt securities) as well as off-balance sheet exposures. NPEs include either of the two criteria:
- Long-term openings that have exceeded the 90-day limit,
- "Uncertainty collection" exposures qualifying as non-serving, although they are either current or have a delay of less than 90 days.
Effect of Firms’ Competitiveness on the Performance of selected Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Onaolapo Adekunle R. , Elijah Adeyinka Adedeji  
Published: August 2020

The study of firms’ competitiveness has drawn so much attention among business practitioners and academic researchers in the last two decades as globalization came fully into limelight. However, in Nigeria, there are few empirical studies conducted to investigate the relationship between firms’ competitiveness and firm performance.
Thus, the main objective of this study was to provide further evidence on the effects of Firms’ Competitiveness (FC) on the performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Ten large-scale quoted manufacturing firms were selected. The study relied on primary data which were obtained using structured questionnaire administered to 300 purposively selected respondents of the selected firms. The data collected was analysed using Chi-Square Analysis and correlation analysis as well as descriptive analysis in pursuance of the stated specific objectives of the study. The result showed that firms’ competitiveness had significant effects on the profitability and operational performance of the selected manufacturing firms.
Also, firms’ competitiveness had positive relationship with the level of competition of the firms. This study concluded that the practice of firms’ competitiveness is sine qua non in boosting firm performance in the manufacturing firms in Nigeria.
Livelihood Strategy Based On Assets As Efforts To Establish Scavenger Empowerment In Facing The Poverty Of Living In The City
Authors: Mahendrawati Ita Kusuma , Prasetijowati Tri 
Published: August 2020

Surabaya as the second largest city in Indonesia has its large scale Final Disposal Site (FDS) in Njawar. There are quite a lot of scavengers in this area. They live in a village not far from the landfill site - FDS. Unfortunately, the Surabaya city government has already extended the waste management to the private sector leading to an impact on the income of the scavengers there. On the other hand, the human resources are very minimal. In responding such a situation, the scavengers apply the livelihood strategy to empower themselves to survive amid the urban poverty. This study aims to determine the livelihood strategy undertaken by the scavengers in building their empowerment in Surabaya landfill and some factors affecting it. The livelihood strategy consists of acquisition, allocation and social networking. Also the community applies the livelihood strategy for the assets owned comprising of physical, financial, social, waste, and spiritual assets, In addition, the results of research indicated that work ethic, work motivation, the role of the collectors as mediators, facilitators and patrons have a significant influence on the livelihood strategies undertaken by the scavengers .
The job as a scavenger can be classified as a profession although this type of profession has not been recognized by the state. Such a condition like this leads to less government participation in the scavenging community. The result of the study recommended the involvement of the related agencies such as Social Service, Office of Sanitation and Gardening, NGOs and Universities to issue a policy to regulate all the necessary things in finding out the matters of the scavengers. The participation of the governments of the native cities of the scavengers is highly expected. Some employments are supposed to be provided by their hometown so as to reduce the flow of urbanization
Summer Crops in the Levant from the End of the Umayyad Period until the end of the First Abbasid Period
Authors: ALTarawneh Fatima Salim , Al-Dmour Hatem Nael 
Published: August 2020

This study aims to identify the summer crops that were planted in the Levant from the end of the Umayyad period until the end of the first Abbasid period. In particular, the study focused on presenting the agricultural products in the Levant at that time, and showed some of these crops such as (productive trees, grains, vegetables, etc.), and their places of cultivation. Their importance in the economic life in general, and their role in the industrial and commercial activity during that period were two major issues of concern. This is mainly because these crops were constituting a revenue and an economic income to the state. Finally, the study outlined the major irrigation methods utilized by the farmers in the Levant.
COVID-19 on TikTok: harnessing an emerging social media platform to convey important public health messages
Authors: Basch Corey H. , Hillyer Grace C. , Jaime Christie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
TikTok is a popular social media platform, especially among those who are 13–24 years of age. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to describe the content of COVID-19 material on TikTok.

Methods
A total of 100 videos posted under the hashtag #Coronavirus were included in this study along with all (n=17) posts uploaded by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Results
Overall, these videos were viewed 1,194,081,700 times. The most commonly cited topics included anxiety (14.5%) with more than 190.6 million views and quarantine (10.3%) with 106.6 million views. Fewer than 10% of videos mentioned how the virus is transmitted, symptoms, and prevention. WHO videos more often focused on viral transmission and symptoms but covered these topics in fewer than 10% of the videos.

Conclusions
Although research suggests that cases of COVID-19 may be less severe in those under 18 years of age, social distancing remains paramount due to the possibility of transmission even in those with minimal or no symptoms. For young adults in particular, the WHO suggests staying connected through social media and making every attempt to stay positive. TikTok has the potential, not only to convey important health information, but to address these aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic as well.
Factors Influencing Unemployment Rate: A Comparison Among Five Asean Countries
Authors: Aljileedi Mustafa Rayhan Amyir , Rusdarti Rusdarti , Yanto Heri 
Published: August 2020

Unemployment can occur due to imbalances in the labor market. This shows that the number of labor forces offered exceeds the number of labor forces requested. The purpose of the study is to analyze factors influencing the unemployment rate: a comparison among five ASEAN countries. This study used quantitative research. The data collection method in this study is documentation with secondary data since the year 2000-2018. The hypothesis test in this study is done by using Regression analysis and ANOVA with single Classification followed by Post Hoc Analysis. Analysis results analyze factors influencing the unemployment rate: a comparison among ASEAN-5 countries is showed (F=4.599; p<0.002). There is a significant impact of wage, inflation, economic growth and education on unemployment in ASEAN countries. The result found that among the several factors that cause unemployment in a countries the most significant is inflation value is 0.003 < 0.05. While other factors such as wage, economic growth, and education affect but are not significant. Future research should add other variables affecting the unemployment rate.