bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vessel elements of two thelypteroid ferns-part I
Authors: Laskar Swastika , Ghoshal Utsha , Sen Kakali 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Hydraulically efficient xylem was evolved in the vascular plants as an apomorphy of the group. Main xylem components involved in water conduction are tracheid and vessel. Vessels, in which two ends are perforated, constituted major evolutionary innovation within vascular plants, presumably providing more efficient solute conduction. Not all vascular plants have vessels. In pteridophytes vessels are present only in seven genera. The contention lies regarding the presence and distribution of vessel in pteridophytes are the impulsive force of this investigation.

Methods
Tracheary elements are isolated following the standard maceration technique, then hand-razor cut longisections are passed through the aqueous alcohol grades and air-dried samples are placed on stub, sputter coated with gold and examined with SEM.

Results
Two thelypteroid ferns viz. Ampelopteris prolifera (Retz.) Copel. and Thelypteris interrupta (Willd.) K. Iwats. are having vessel elements in root, rhizome, stipe, rachis, primary vein/costa, root-rhizome and rhizome-petiole junction i.e. through entire vascular connection of the plant body though the vessel network is interrupted and joined with parenchyma at the end in some places. Presence of vessel elements in the costa of pteridophytic taxa is first time reported by this study. Vessel end-walls are obliquely placed (root, rhizome, and stipe) but oblique to horizontal orientation is noticed in the primary vein/costa. End-walls are with simple, intermediate and compound perforation plates observed through SEM imaging as well as with tissue specific stain. Studied taxa are grown either in terrestrial microclimate of two contrasting environments i.e. sun and shade (A. prolifera) or in open swampy land (T. interrupta) with moderate to highly disturbed places as rapid proliferating populations showing interpopulation variations of tracheary elements length–width(s) and vessel end-wall length–width(s).

Conclusion
Vessel elements are present throughout the entire vascular connections of the plant body of A. prolifera (Retz.) Copel. and T. interrupta (Willd.) K. Iwats. Interpopulation variation of tracheary elements length–width(s) and vessel end-wall length width(s) are noticed. Till date only seven genera of pteridophytes are reported for the presence of vessel and these two genera are the new addition with the previous.
Correction to: The effects of regenerative injection therapy compared to corticosteroids for the treatment of lateral Epicondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Barnett Julie , Bernacki Madison N. , Kainer Jessica L. , Smith Hannah N. , Zaharoff Annette M. , Subramanian Sandeep K. 
Published: January 2020

In the original version of this article [1] the legends of Figs. 2 and 3 were inadvertently interchanged.
Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors Associated With Metastases at Presentation in HPV–Related Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: An NCDB Analysis
Authors: Bean Marta B. , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Steuer Conor Ernst , Patel Mihir , Higgins Kristin , McDonald Mark , Chen Georgia Z. , Beitler Jonathan J. , Shin Dong M. , Gillespie Theresa , Saba Nabil F. 
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE: Human papillomavirus (HPV)–related squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHNs) tend to have a distinct prognosis. Socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with metastatic disease at presentation and diagnosis in patients with HPV-related SCCHN tumors were examined. METHODS: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried to assess patients with HPV-related oropharyngeal carcinomas (HPVOPCAs) and HPV-related nonoropharyngeal carcinomas (HPVNOPCAs) diagnosed between 2010 and 2014. Rate of metastases at presentation was analyzed using clinical M stage. Multivariable analysis was performed evaluating race, ethnicity, sex, age, facility location, facility type, insurance status, income, education, and tumor and nodal stage using logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 12,857 patients with HPVOPCA and 952 patients with HPVNOPCA were included. Private insurance was carried by 64% and 47% of patients with HPVOPCA and HPVNOPCA, respectively. HPVOPCA was located in the tonsil in 56% of patients. For both HPVOPCA and HPVNOPCA, there was no meaningful difference in distant metastasis at presentation based on facility type or location, sex, race, Hispanic ethnicity, or urban or rural location. For HPVOPCA, there were significantly lower odds of metastasis in privately insured patients compared with uninsured patients (odds ratio [OR], 0.37; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.64; P < .001) and higher odds of metastasis for patients living in census tracts with the lowest rates of high school graduates compared with the highest rates (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.02 to 3.19; P = .041) and for patients with higher tumor stage (OR, 3.67, 95% CI, 2.25 to 5.99; P < .001) and nodal stage (OR, 3.34; 95% CI, 2.11 to 5.29; P < .001). For HPVNOPCA, neither higher T or N stage nor any demographic features were found to be associated with metastasis at presentation. CONCLUSION: This large retrospective analysis identifies likely modifiable risk factors for metastatic presentation in HPVOPCA. Educational interventions may result in modifications of these patterns.
Selection of In Vivo Predictive Dissolution Media Using Drug Substance and Physiological Properties
Authors: Mudie Deanna M. , Samiei Nasim , Marshall Derrick J. , Amidon Gregory E. , Bergström Christel A.S. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThe rate and extent of drug dissolution in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are highly dependent upon drug physicochemical properties and GI fluid properties. Biorelevant dissolution media (BDM), which aim to facilitate in vitro prediction of in vivo dissolution performance, have evolved with our understanding of GI physiology. However, BDM with a variety of properties and compositions are available, making the choice of dissolution medium challenging. In this tutorial, we describe a simple and quantitative methodology for selecting practical, yet physiologically relevant BDM representative of fasted humans for evaluating dissolution of immediate release formulations. Specifically, this methodology describes selection of pH, buffer species, and concentration and evaluates the importance of including bile salts and phospholipids in the BDM based upon drug substance log D, pKa, and intrinsic solubility. The methodology is based upon a mechanistic understanding of how three main factors affect dissolution, including (1) drug ionization at gastrointestinal pH, (2) alteration of surface pH by charged drug species, and (3) drug solubilization in mixed lipidic aggregates comprising bile salts and phospholipids. Assessment of this methodology through testing and comparison with literature reports showed that the recommendations correctly identified when a biorelevant buffer capacity or the addition of bile salts and phospholipids to the medium would appreciably change the drug dissolution profile. This methodology can enable informed decisions about when a time, complexity, and/or cost-saving buffer is expected to lead to physiologically meaningful in vitro dissolution testing, versus when a more complex buffer would be required.
Biorelevant In Vitro Release Testing and In Vivo Study of Extended-Release Niacin Hydrophilic Matrix Tablets
Authors: Milanowski Bartłomiej , Hejduk Arkadiusz , Bawiec Marek A. , Jakubowska Emilia , Urbańska Agnieszka , Wiśniewska Anna , Garbacz Grzegorz , Lulek Janina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNiacin (nicotinic acid, NA) is administered orally as an antihyperlipidemic agent in extended-release (ER) tablets in high doses. Due to rapid absorption and extensive metabolism (non-linear pharmacokinetics), the drug plasma levels are highly variable, which may correlate with side effects. Interestingly, this erratic drug delivery behavior of niacin ER products cannot be clarified by compendial in vitro release testing. The standard dissolution tests do not allow to mimic the selected GI tract characteristics in order to estimate the robustness of formulation under the variability of the physiological conditions. These are characterized by the pH value, impact of motility forces and composition, as well as volume of GI liquids. Our paper demonstrates a comparison of a newly developed ER HPMC niacin formulation with an originator product. The research aimed to design a robust matrix tablet of comparable biopharmaceutical behavior, safety and efficacy. The extensive in vitro investigation, including dynamic studies in flow-through cell apparatus and stress test device, forms the basis for the evaluation of nicotinic acid plasma concentrations in vivo. The occurrence of erratic, multiple NA plasma peaks after the administration of both extended-release products is a result of its local input excess over the metabolic threshold (at the level corresponding to maximum 2% of the administered dose, i.e., 20 mg of drug) due to the mechanical stresses of physiological intensity. We demonstrate how this behavior is similar for both marketed and test products. In this context, we describe how a robust ER matrix and well-designed formulation does not guarantee the test product’s bioequivalence to the comparator one out of reasons unrelated to technology and biopharmaceutical properties, but because of the active compound’s intrinsic pharmacokinetic characteristics, i.e., highly variable, extensive metabolism of nicotinic acid.
Optimizing live-cell fluorescence imaging conditions to minimize phototoxicity
Authors: Kiepas Alex , Voorand Elena , Mubaid Firas , Siegel Peter M. , Brown Claire M. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Fluorescence illumination can cause phototoxicity that negatively affects living samples. This study demonstrates that much of the phototoxicity and photobleaching experienced with live-cell fluorescence imaging occurs as a result of ‘illumination overhead’ (IO). This occurs when a sample is illuminated but fluorescence emission is not being captured by the microscope camera. Several technological advancements have been developed, including fast-switching LED lamps and transistor–transistor logic (TTL) circuits, to diminish phototoxicity caused by IO. These advancements are not standard features on most microscopes and many biologists are unaware of their necessity for live-cell imaging. IO is particularly problematic when imaging rapid processes that require short exposure times. This study presents a workflow to optimize imaging conditions for measuring both slow and dynamic processes while minimizing phototoxicity on any standard microscope. The workflow includes a guide on how to (1) determine the maximum image exposure time for a dynamic process, (2) optimize excitation light intensity and (3) assess cell health with mitochondrial markers.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Synthesis of Cationic Pyridinium–Chlorin Conjugates with Various Counter Anions and Effects of the Anions on Their Photophysical Properties
Authors: Takahashi Tatsuya , Ogasawara Shin , Shinozaki Yoshinao , Tamiaki Hitoshi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCationic pyridinium pending chlorophyll-a derivatives with several counter anions were synthesized by Ag(I)-induced oxidation reactions of methyl pyropheophorbide-a possessing the 3-vinyl group with pyridine. The high water-solubility of the synthetic 31-pyridinio-3-vinyl-chlorin cation with a chloride anion resulted in efficient anion exchange reactions conducted in a biphasic system of H2O and CH2Cl2. Using either or both of the two synthetic procedures, ten salts were successfully synthesized with SbF6−, PF6−, BF4−, ClO4−, (CF3SO2)2N−, CF3SO3−, NO3−, I−, Br−, and Cl−. The effects of the counter anions on the physical properties of the cationic chlorophyll-a derivatives were discussed using their 1H NMR, visible absorption, and fluorescence emission data as well as theoretical model calculations. Although the visible absorption and fluorescence emission spectra were changed faintly, the fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes were dependent on the counter anions, showing that the anions affected the pyridinium group acting as an electron-acceptor and the fluorescence quenching by intramolecular charge transfer.
Post-clinical evaluation of efficacy and safety hydrophilic mesh material for plastic surgery AVGULON ®
Authors: Fedorischev I. 
Published: January 2020

The results of postclinical trial of hyaluronic acid mesh material for plastic surgery ЭВГУЛОН®.
Аrea of use: skin and soft tissue defects of the face and neck, the resulting injuries, features of constitutional development or age-related changes.
ЭВГУЛОН® injected intradermal. The results showed a high efficiency of the material for leveling the relief in the face and neck. Of the complications observed isolated cases of hypereflexia and hemorrhage, will not affect the outcome. In conclusion: ЭВГУЛОН® it can be successfully used not only in cosmetic but also reconstructive surgery.
Professional Discourse Basic Concepts of the Future Teacher of the Russian Language — Bilingual in Bicultural Environment
Authors: Medvedeva N. 
Published: January 2020

Basic concepts of professional pedagogical discourse: ‘linguistic personality’, ‘bilingual personality’, ‘communicative behavior’ are defined in the article; they are examined as preparation of a teacher for teaching the Russian language in bicultural national-Russian environment. Peculiarities of Komi-Permyak bilingual students - future teachers of the Russian language, who are representatives of two cultures and speakers of two languages - Komi-Permyak and Russian, are revealed in the article. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that the study of bilingual personality of the future teacher of the Russian language in pedagogical discourse requires conceptual questions that define and take into account peculiarities of bilingual personality formed in native and Russian cultures and speaking native and the Russian languages. Preparation of such a teacher for teaching should take into account peculiarities of educational environment.
The goal is to provide quality training for the future teacher of the Russian language - national-Russian bilingual taking into account bicultural environment at the national department of the pedagogical university. Conclusions are the following: preparation of the future teacher should be based on the term system, which is determined by the basic concepts that characterize bilingual personality and professional pedagogical discourse; the system of linguistic and methodological preparation of the future Russian language teacher - national-Russian bilingual - should take into account ethno-national peculiarities of bilingual personality, revealed in communicative behavior while teaching the state Russian language in environment that can be mono/bi/multicultural.
BRINCADEIRA, CORPO E MOVIMENTO: RELATOS DE PESQUISAS SOBRE O USO DAS ÁREAS EXTERNAS NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Silva Rogério Correia da , Santos Celiane Oliveira dos 
Published: January 2020

O artigo pretende discutir dados de duas pesquisas realizadas em diferentes capitais brasileiras – Fortaleza e Belo Horizonte – que abordaram o uso das áreas externas e o brincar em escolas de Educação Infantil. Considerando os diferentes contextos investigados, as análises mostraram a desvalorização no uso dos espaços externos pelas escolas em contraste com os desejos e necessidades das crianças. Posturas adultocêntricas por parte das professoras foram reveladas nas imposições de brincadeiras às crianças, nas tentativas de regulação dos corpos, espaços e materiais disponíveis nas áreas externas das instituições. As pesquisas também revelaram tentativas de ressignificação e problematização dos usos destes mesmos espaços.
Anti-stain algorithm of angular displacement based on a single image sensor
Authors: Yu Hai , Wan Qiuhua , Zhao Changhai , Lu Xinran , Sun Ying 
Published: January 2020

The displacement measuring technique is prone to failure within the industrial environment due to the influence of dust, oil, and other contaminants that stain the equipment. There is urgent demand for new anti-stain techniques. In today’s image angular displacement measurement technology, the pixel array is used instead of the traditional photoelectric conversion element; this creates room for anti-stain improvement based on the image processing components. Based on a previous study on image-type angular displacement measurement technology, a single head image-type anti-stain algorithm is proposed in this paper that can remove the interference of small stains and ensure correct measurement value outputs. The influence of the stain on the calibration grating is first assessed based on the principle of image angular displacement measurement technology. An anti-stain algorithm based on the metal grating and multi-line fusion is proposed accordingly. The proposed algorithm is then tested on a circular grating with 38 mm diameter and

2

N

=

256

lines in the circle. The results show that angle measurement output accuracy can be guaranteed when the number of lines covered by the stains is less than half of the coding-bits. This work may provide a technical basis for enhancing stain resistance in high-performance displacement measurement technology.
Linear depolarization ratios of nitrate-coated mineral dust particles in haze episodes
Authors: Zhang XueHai , Duan Jinlong , Dai Congming , Wei Heli 
Published: January 2020

This study reports an internal mixed particle model of dust and nitrate aerosols using the actual haze condition. We performed accurate calculations of linear depolarization ratios (LDR) of nitrate-coated mineral dust particles at three wavelengths (0.35, 0.53, and 1.06 µm) using the T-matrix method. The LDRs of the mono-disperse aerosol particles evolve differently as expressions in the Rayleigh and Mie domains. In the Rayleigh domain, the LDRs increase with the core–shell ratio and the aspect ratio and decrease when the wavelength increases. The forward and backward LDRs depend more on aspect ratio than on the core–shell ratio. In the Mie domain, the LDRs overall increase with the core–shell ratio and the aspect ratio, but there is no significant regular change. When the wavelength increases, the gradual change can be explained by the size parameter of the particles in the vicinity of the Rayleigh domain. For poly-disperse particles, the core–shell ratio mainly affects the position of the side-scattering peak, whereas aspect ratio affects the LDRs. The backscattering LDRs depend more on the variation of aspect ratio, and the core–shell ratio only affects LDRs in a small range. Furthermore, our results on the LDRs are highly promising for remote sensing of the non-spherical and inhomogeneous properties of fine aerosols compared with AERONET measurements. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the LDR evolution for coated non-spherical particles in a haze atmosphere. The LDRs can be used as an empirical reference for remote sensing to distinguish coated non-spherical particles.
Adaptive over-the-air RF self-interference cancellation using a signal-of-interest driven regular triangle algorithm
Authors: Zheng Lizhuo , Xiao Shilin , Liu Zhiyang , Fok Mable P. , Fang Jiafei , Yang Hang , Lu Ming , Zhang Zhiyi , Hu Weisheng 
Published: January 2020

An optically-enabled radio frquency (RF) self-interference cancellation system is demonstrated for over-the-air in-band full duplex transmission, based on a signal-of-interest (SOI) driven regular triangle algorithm. Since the goal of a self-interference cancellation system is to retrieve the SOI that is masked by the in-band interference signal, using the SOI quality as the driven parameter for optimizing the self-interference cancellation performance is a natural and effective way to allow the system to adapt to changes and obtain the best cancellation performance. Since regular triangle algorithm has short iteration time, bursts of pseudo-random binary sequence would be used between real data transmission for optimizing the self-interference cancellation performance. The adaptive regular triangle algorithm optimizes the cancellation setting such that the in-band interference can be cancelled to a minimum, i.e., down to the noise floor. During the over-the-air experiment, 22 dB of cancellation depth is obtained over a 300 MHz bandwidth at 18.35 GHz without the need of digital self-interference cancellation.
METHODS EVALUATING UPPER ARM AND FOREARM MOVEMENT DURING A QUIET STANCE
Authors: Volf Petr , Kutilek Patrik , Hejda Jan , Cerny Rudolf , Milerska Iva , Hana Karel 
Published: January 2020

The article focuses on designing methods for quantitative assessment of the postural stability in a quiet stance by measuring segments of the appendicular skeleton, namely upper and forearms by inertial measurement units (IMU). Although an array of quantitative analysis methods assessing data of postural stability in the quiet stance exist by measuring the head and trunk movement, these methods have not been used to date to assess the behaviour of appendicular skeleton segments, namely the upper limbs. The applicability of methods assessing arm movement during the quiet stance has been verified by comparing the values of healthy subjects performing various stance tasks. The tests determined the quantitative evaluation of acceleration measured on individual anatomical axes. The quantities included: the volume of a convex polyhedron (PV), the volume of confidence ellipsoid (EV) and average velocity (AV) obtained by plotting three accelerations against each other. The most important findings in this study concern significant differences of PV and AV between dominant and non-dominant upper extremities and significant differences of EV, PV and AV between the data measured with a subject's eyes closed and open. Higher values of indicators were in the non-dominant extremities when subjects were measured with closed eyes. Interestingly, statistically significant differences between dominant and non-dominant arm movements were documented in PV and AV cases. This is due to the PV calculation being more sensitive to random deviations, i.e. the range of measured data, since the polyhedron bounds all the measured data, as opposed to the method, where the ellipse bounds only 95% of the measured data. In the case of the AV method, it is due to higher sensitivity to movements corresponding with arm tremors; the AV calculation relates not only to the range of measured data but, above all, to the intensity of data changes in the segment measured in a particular space and time interval. These conclusions demonstrate that it is possible to apply the proposed methods in the assessment of arm movement during a quiet stance since the differences between individual stance tasks and the dominant and non-dominant arms in specific cases of quiet stance have been identified. These conclusions also indicate a potentially more extensive medical application of the proposed quantitative data evaluation obtained from IMU, for example, within the rehabilitation process of injured appendicular skeleton segments. The use of cheaper IMU methods in mobile phones or watches can be of significant benefit in measuring the segmental movement of the appendicular skeleton in quiet stance. The methods outlined in this paper have remarkable potential in the field of telemedicine.