bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near Field Radiative Heat Transfer in a Chain of Metallic Particles
Authors: Luo M. G. , Zhao J. M. , Liu L. H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Heat transport mediated by near-field interaction in particulate system (e.g. chain of particles) is one of the research focuses in thermal transport in micro-nanoscale. Near field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) characteristics of metallic nanoparticle chains (separation distance between neighboring particles is h) are analyzed by means of both coupled electric-magnetic dipole approximation and quadrupole approximation. Thermal conductance (G) between the central particle and other particle with different separation gaps (Δx) is calculated at both 300K and 1200K. Corrected polarizability is used to take quadrupole effect into consideration when calculating the NFRHT in extreme near field where dipole approximation ceases to be valid. Temperature distributions along several different chains of particles due to NFRHT are also predicted. Results show that, according to the asymptotic behavior of distribution of G along metallic chains similar as that observed in SiC chains, heat super-diffusion is demonstrated at both 300K and 1200K in metallic nanoparticle chains. At 300K, the contribution of quadrupole results in that thermal conductance responses to h in different way in metallic and dielectric particle chains. Temperature distribution and heat flow are the two key parameters used to characterize the heat transport in chains of particles. Ag particles in SiC chain act as barriers during the radiative heat transport process. Heat super-diffusion, as well as some other characteristics of NFRHT, observed in metallic nanoparticle chains may help for insight of heat transport in particulate system and new design of device in micro-nanoscale.
PETE Faculty Preferences and Responsibilities for Research, Teaching, and Service in the United States
Authors: Graber Kim C. , Richards K. Andrew R. , Killian Chad M. , Woods Amelia Mays 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: Grounded in occupational socialization theory, the purpose of this investigation was to examine U.S. physical education teacher education faculty members’ work role preferences, how their actual work role responsibilities compare to institutional expectations, and differences in these preferences and responsibilities based on gender and institution type (i.e., bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral institutions). Methods: Participants included 323 physical education teacher education faculty members (188 females and 135 males) from 230 institutions of higher education who completed an online survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a series of 3 × 2 (Institution Type × Gender) factorial analysis of variances. Results: There was relative alignment between what faculty members are expected to do, what they prefer to do, and how they actually spend their time. There are, however, some important differences based on gender and institutional classification. Discussion/Conclusion: Results are discussed within the framework of occupational socialization theory and with reference to faculty role expectations and the propensity for role conflict.
Paramedic attitudes and experiences of enrolling patients into the PARAMEDIC-2 adrenaline trial: a qualitative survey within the London Ambulance Service
Authors: Lazarus Johanna , Iyer Rajeshwari , Fothergill Rachael T 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to gather the views and experiences of paramedics who participated in a large-scale randomised controlled drug trial and to identify barriers to recruitment.DesignWe surveyed paramedics using a questionnaire consisting of a mix of closed and open ended questions.SettingThe study was conducted within the London Ambulance Service, London, UK.Participants150 paramedics who were trained to enrol patients into the PARAMEDIC-2 randomised controlled trial of adrenaline versus placebo in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and who returned the questionnaire.Results98% of study participants felt prehospital research was very important, and 97.3% reported an overall positive experience of being involved in a drug trial. Only 5.3% felt uncomfortable enrolling patients into the trial without prior consent from the patient or a relative. Over one- third (39.3%) identified one or more barriers to patient recruitment, the most common being the attitudes of other staff.ConclusionWe found a strong appetite for involvement in prehospital research among paramedics and an understanding of the importance of research that prevailed over the complexities of the trial. This is an important finding demonstrating that potentially ethically controversial research can be undertaken successfully by paramedics in the prehospital environment.
Structure of Birkhoff center of c-semirings
Authors: Sarkar R. , Kar S. , Biswas B. , Purkait S. 
Published: December 2019

In [Kar, Purkait and Sarkar, Birkhoff center of [Formula: see text]-semiring, Asian-Europ. J. Math. 12(1) (2019) 1950003, 11 pp.], Kar et al. introduced the notion of Birkhoff center of a [Formula: see text]-semiring and obtained some characterizations of this center. In this paper, we study different types of lattice structures of Birkhoff center of a [Formula: see text]-semiring. We also prove that if two [Formula: see text]-semirings are isomorphic, then their Birkhoff centers are isomorphic but the converse is not necessarily true.
Clonal Selection Drives NF-κB Activation in Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Sehgal Kartik , Barbie David A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Cancer genomic profiling has improved our understanding of the key drivers of tumor development, clonal evolution, and recurrence, and aided precision medicine efforts to eradicate therapy-resistant cancer cell clones. In this issue, You and colleagues report these results for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma, an aggressive malignancy associated with poor outcomes with recurrent disease. They identify a crucial contributory role of clonal NF-κB activating mutations in pathogenesis of recurrence in this cancer and provide a promising target for combinatorial therapeutic approaches.
See related article by You et al., p. 5930
ЛЕТКІ ЖИРНІ КИСЛОТИ ЯК МЕТАБОЛІЧНІ МАРКЕРИ ПОРУШЕННЯ МІКРОБІОЦЕНОЗУ КИШЕЧНИКУ ПРИ РОТАВІРУСНІЙ ІНФЕКЦІЇ У ДІТЕЙ
Authors: Nezhoda I. I. , Naumenko O. M. , Nikulchenko O. V. 
Published: December 2019

Мета дослідження – вивчити стан метаболічної активності кишкової мікрофлори у дітей, хворих на ротавірусну інфекцію (РВІ), шляхом оцінки рівня та спектру летких жирних кислот (ЛЖК) у динаміці хвороби залежно від ступеня тяжкості та віку.
Пацієнти і методи. Під спостереженням перебувало 64 дитини раннього віку, середній вік яких становив (18,5±1,2) міс., основну групу склали хворі на ротавірусну інфекцію (n=31), контрольну (n=33) – здорові діти, порівнювані за віком та статтю. Для визначення метаболічної активності мікрофлори та оцінки метаболічно-енергетичних процесів у просвіті кишечнику були вивчені основні активні метаболіти – леткі жирні кислоти: масляна, пропіонова та валеріанова кислоти за допомогою газово-рідинної хроматографії випорожнень, на початку захворювання (1-2-а доба хвороби) та в динаміці – на 5-6-й день лікування.
Газово-рідинна хроматографія випорожнень виконувалась на основі розрахунку внутрішнього стандарту, що передбачає додавання до певної маси досліджуваного зразка речовини з відомою масою і площею піка.
Результати. У дітей основної групи був знижений як загальний рівень ЛЖК, так і вміст окремих жирних кислот, тобто мало місце виснаження сумарного пулу мікробних метаболітів. У здорових дітей загальний рівень ЛЖК становив (0,803±0,340) мг/мл, а у дітей з РВІ – 0,048±0,008 мг/мл (Р<0,05). Абсолютні концентрації масляної кислоти у копрофільтратах хворих дітей були значно знижені – (0,017±0,005) проти (0,69±0,33) мг/мл у здорових дітей (Р<0,05); кон­центрація пропіонової кислоти становила (0,0267±0,006) мг/мл, а в дітей контрольної групи –(0,640±0,020) мг/мл (Р<0,001). Ці зміни свідчать про зміну метаболізму на рівні слизової оболонки кишечнику у вигляді порушення мікроциркуляції та трофічних процесів. У процесі лікування (на 5-6-у добу) кон­центрація ЛЖК достовірно зросла і становила (0,082±0,0064) мг/мл, (Р<0,05), що є гарною прогностичною ознакою відновлення нормальних метаболічних процесів у кишечнику. Найнижчий рівень метаболітів був зафіксований при середньому ступеню тяжкості РВІ і становив (0,038±0,008) мг/мл, причому він був нижчим порівняно зі здоровими дітьми (Р<0,05). Загальний рівень ЛЖК у дітей першого року життя становив (0,045±0,0078) і був нижчим, ніж у дітей старше 1 року, в яких досягав (0,058±0,025) мг/мл, причому у всіх дітей загальний рівень ЛЖК був нижчий, ніж у здорових – (0,803±0,340) мг/мл (Р<0,05).
Висновки. При РВІ у хворих значно пригнічується активність кишкової мікрофлори, що характеризується вірогідним зниженням як сумарної концентрації ЛЖК – (0,048±0,008) мг/мл порівняно зі здоровими дітьми – (0,803±0,34) мг/мл при Р<0,01, так і концентрацій окремих кислот: масляної – (0,017±0,005) мг/мл, пропіонової – (0,0267±0,006) мг/мл та валеріанової – (0,041±0,007) мг/мл порівняно зі здоровими дітьми (Р<0,01), що свідчить про порушення метаболічних процесів на рівні колоноцитів.
Bruno Latour and the Secularization of Science
Authors: Simons Massimiliano 
Published: December 2019

Many young dreamers who want to be modern up to the tips of their toes, and who think they have gotten rid of these barely imaginable old-fashioned ideas, are, without realizing it, mystics in search of a spiritual experience. (Gauchet 2003 , p. 311)Several sociologists of science have mobilized secularization metaphors to describe developments in the study of science. Similar to how secularization refers to a decreasing status of religion and God as a transcendent factor in society, the secularization of science refers to an abandonment of Science as something “sacred” and Nature as transcendent. This article aims to explore these secularization metaphors, by arguing for a parallel between how sociologists and philosophers of religion differ and how similar disagreements between sociologists of science and the work of Bruno Latour exist, whose work should rather be linked with that of other philosophers, such as Michel Serres and Isabelle Stengers.
Ut fidem dictis adhibeant
Authors: Abele Andreas 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Sulpicius Severus’ account of St Martin sharing his cloak with the beggar at the gate of Amiens is still one of the most prominent and best-known episodes of late antique Christian hagiography. This deed is considered above all as the epitome of Martin’s charity and will to follow Christ. Furthermore, this episode also serves to apologize Martin’s military service in the Roman army. The latter was a heavy burden for Sulpicius’ saint, which the author of his Vita had to get rid of in the most credible way possible. Sulpicius asserts that Martin’s compulsory military service was dominated by Christian virtues. A narratological close reading focusing on the categories of ‘distance’ and ‘focalization’ and applying linguistic analysis tools as well shows that eventually it is the narrative disposition of the ‘Amiens episode’ that makes the narrator’s earlier apologetic authorial statements credible.
Conserving Land–Atmosphere Synthesis Suite (CLASS)
Authors: Hobeichi Sanaa , Abramowitz Gab , Evans Jason 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAccurate estimates of terrestrial water and energy cycle components are needed to better understand climate processes and improve models’ ability to simulate future change. Various observational estimates are available for the individual budget terms; however, these typically show inconsistencies when combined in a budget. In this work, a Conserving Land–Atmosphere Synthesis Suite (CLASS) of estimates of simultaneously balanced surface water and energy budget components is developed. Individual CLASS variable datasets, where possible, 1) combine a range of existing variable product estimates, and hence overcome the limitations of estimates from a single source; 2) are observationally constrained with in situ measurements; 3) have uncertainty estimates that are consistent with their agreement with in situ observations; and 4) are consistent with each other by being able to solve the water and energy budgets simultaneously. First, available datasets of a budget variable are merged by implementing a weighting method that accounts both for the ability of datasets to match in situ measurements and the error covariance between datasets. Then, the budget terms are adjusted by applying an objective variational data assimilation technique (DAT) that enforces the simultaneous closure of the surface water and energy budgets linked through the equivalence of evapotranspiration and latent heat. Comparing component estimates before and after applying the DAT against in situ measurements of energy fluxes and streamflow showed that modified estimates agree better with in situ observations across various metrics, but also revealed some inconsistencies between water budget terms in June over the higher latitudes. CLASS variable estimates are freely available viahttps://doi.org/10.25914/5c872258dc183.
The relation between baseline PSA and symptomatic progression in Egyptian BPH patients receiving tamsulosin monotherapy: an exploratory multicentric prospective study
Authors: El-Adawy Mahmoud S. , Abdelaziz Ahmed Y. , Zanaty Fouad , Hodhod Amr , Moussa Ayman S. , Shaker Hossam A. , Aldaqadossi Hussien , Abdelhamid Mohamed H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
To examine the relation of baseline serum prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) to symptomatic changes in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) receiving tamsulosin through its relation to changes in international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) and the occurrence of acute urine retention (AUR).

Results
We conducted a multicentric prospective cohort study. BPH patients were included from May 2015 till January 2018. We collected IPSS recording, prostate volume (PV) Qmax. After 2 years of medical treatment with tamsulosin 0.4 mg once daily, full initial evaluation was repeated for all patients. Improvement in IPSS and Qmax was recorded and compared to initial PSA levels. Follow-up was aborted for patients who developed AUR. Moreover, the data of AUR patients were recorded and compared to initial PSA levels. The study included 437 Egyptian patients, and 414 patients (94.7%) had symptomatic improvement through the 2 years of follow-up on tamsulosin monotherapy. In total, 23 patients (5.3%) developed AUR during follow-up. There was a significant association between AUR and higher baseline PSA level (p < 0.001). On the other hand, statistical analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between baseline serum PSA and the improvement in IPSS (r = − 0.02, p = 0.684) or Qmax (r = − 0.06, p = 0.267). The multivariate analysis showed that baseline PSA and PV were independent predictors for AUR (p < 0.001 for both).

Conclusions
There was a significant relation between baseline PSA and incidence of AUR. However, there was no significant relationship between the serum PSA level and symptoms improvement in BPH.
Indications for extrahepatic bile duct resection due to perineural invasion in patients with gallbladder cancer
Authors: Maruyama Suguru , Kawaida Hiromichi , Hosomura Naohiro , Amemiya Hidetake , Saito Ryo , Shimizu Hiroki , Furuya Shinji , Akaike Hidenori , Kawaguchi Yoshihiko , Sudo Makoto , Inoue Shingo , Kono Hiroshi , Ichikawa Daisuke 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe indications for extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) resection remain a major controversy in the surgical management of patients with gallbladder cancer. On the other hand, perineural invasion (PNI) was reported as an important factor in patients with gallbladder cancer because gallbladder cancer cells frequently spread to the tissues surrounding the EHBD via perineural routes. We assessed the correlation of PNI with clinicopathological factors in patients with gallbladder cancer to elucidate EHBD resection indications specifically in patients with PNI.MethodsThis retrospective study assessed the PNI status of 50 patients with gallbladder cancer who underwent curative resection and examined the correlation between the presence of PNI and clinicopathological factors.ResultsThirteen patients (26%) were PNI positive. PNI was significantly correlated with male sex, proximal-type tumor, lymphatic and vascular invasion, and advanced T stage. Multivariate analysis found that PNI positivity (p< 0.001), lymphatic invasion (p= 0.007), and nodal stage (p< 0.001) were independent prognostic factors. PNI was never observed in patients with stage T1 cancer. Conversely, PNI was detected rarely in distal-type tumors, all of whom developed various types of recurrences.ConclusionsThese results clearly demonstrated the prognostic impact of PNI in patients with gallbladder cancer. We suggest that EHBD resection in combination with cholecystectomy may not be useful for distal-type tumors from a perspective of PNI.
DNA methylation profiles in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy
Authors: Tsagiopoulou Maria , Papakonstantinou Nikos , Moysiadis Theodoros , Mansouri Larry , Ljungström Viktor , Duran-Ferrer Martí , Malousi Andigoni , Queirós Ana C. , Plevova Karla , Bhoi Sujata , Kollia Panagoula , Oscier David , Anagnostopoulos Achilles , Trentin Livio , Ritgen Matthias , Pospisilova Sarka , Stavroyianni Niki , Ghia Paolo , Martin-Subero Jose I. , Pott Christiane , Rosenquist Richard , Stamatopoulos Kostas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn order to gain insight into the contribution of DNA methylation to disease progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), using 450K Illumina arrays, we determined the DNA methylation profiles in paired pre-treatment/relapse samples from 34 CLL patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy, mostly (n= 31) with the fludarabine-cyclophosphamide-rituximab (FCR) regimen.ResultsThe extent of identified changes in CLL cells versus memory B cells from healthy donors was termed “epigenetic burden” (EB) whereas the number of changes between the pre-treatment versus the relapse sample was termed “relapse changes” (RC). Significant (p< 0.05) associations were identified between (i) high EB and short time-to-first-treatment (TTFT); and, (ii) few RCs and short time-to-relapse. Both the EB and the RC clustered in specific genomic regions and chromatin states, including regulatory regions containing binding sites of transcription factors implicated in B cell and CLL biology.ConclusionsOverall, we show that DNA methylation in CLL follows different dynamics in response to chemoimmunotherapy. These epigenetic alterations were linked with specific clinical and biological features.
Fetal growth outcomes following peri-implantation exposure of Long-Evans rats to noise and ozone differ by sex
Authors: Miller Colette N. , Kodavanti Urmila P. , Stewart Erica J. , Schladweiler Mette C. , Richards Judy H. , Snow Samantha J. , Henriquez Andres R. , Oshiro Wendy M. , Farraj Aimen K. , Hazari Mehdi S. , Dye Janice A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Exposure to air pollution and high levels of noise have both been independently associated with the development of adverse pregnancy outcomes including low birth weight. However, exposure to such environmental stressors rarely occurs in isolation and is often co-localized, especially in large urban areas.

Methods
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of combined exposure to noise (N) or ozone (O3), compared to either exposure alone. Long-Evans dams were exposed to air or 0.4 ppm ozone for 4 h on gestation day (GD) 5 and 6, coinciding with implantation receptivity. A subset of dams from each exposure group was further exposed to intermittent white noise (~ 85 dB) throughout the dark cycle following each inhalation exposure (n = 14 − 16/group). Uterine artery ultrasound was performed on GD 15 and 21. Fetal growth characteristics and indicators of placental nutrient status were measured at GD 21.

Results
Exposure to ozone + quiet (O3 + Q) conditions reduced uterine arterial resistance at GD 15 compared to air + quiet (A + Q) exposure, with no further reduction by GD 21. By contrast, exposure to air + noise (A + N) significantly increased uterine arterial resistance at both GD 15 and 21. Notably, while peri-implantation exposure to O3 + Q conditions reduced male fetal weight at GD 21, this effect was not observed in the air + noise (A + N) or the ozone + noise (O3 + N) exposure groups. Fetal weight in female offspring was not reduced by ozone exposure alone (O3 + Q), nor was it affected by air + noise (A + N) or by combined ozone + noise (O3 + N) exposure.

Conclusions
These data indicate that exposure to ozone and noise differentially impact uterine blood flow, particularly at mid-gestation, with only ozone exposure being associated with sex-dependent fetal growth retardation in male offspring.
Sex-specific association between the cortisol awakening response and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in healthy individuals
Authors: Melia Cristian Sebastian , Soria Virginia , Salvat-Pujol Neus , Cabezas Ángel , Nadal Roser , Urretavizcaya Mikel , Gutiérrez-Zotes Alfonso , Monreal José Antonio , Crespo José Manuel , Alonso Pino , Vilella Elisabet , Palao Diego , Menchón José Manuel , Labad Javier 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have shown associations between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity (HPA). We aimed to investigate the association between obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms and HPA axis functionality in a non-clinical sample and to explore whether there are sex differences in this relationship.

Methods
One hundred eighty-three healthy individuals without any psychiatric diagnosis (80 men, 103 women; mean age 41.3 ± 17.9 years) were recruited from the general population. The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory Revised (OCI-R) was used to assess OC symptoms. State-trait anxiety, perceived stress, and stressful life events were also assessed. Saliva cortisol levels were determined at 6 time points (awakening, 30 and 60 min post-awakening, 10:00 a.m., 23:00 p.m. and 10:00 a.m. the following day of 0.25 mg dexamethasone intake [that occurred at 23:00 p.m.]). Three HPA axis measures were calculated: cortisol awakening response (CAR), cortisol diurnal slope, and cortisol suppression ratio after dexamethasone (DSTR). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the association between OC symptoms and HPA axis measures while adjusting for covariates. Our main analyses were focused on OCI-R total score, but we also explored associations with specific OC symptom dimensions.

Results
No significant differences were observed between males and females in OC symptoms, anxiety measures, stress, or cortisol measures. In the multiple linear regression analyses between overall OC symptoms and HPA axis measures, a female sex by OC symptoms significant interaction (standardized beta = − 0.322; p = 0.023) for the CAR (but not cortisol diurnal slope nor DSTR) was found. Regarding specific symptom dimensions, two other sex interactions were found: a blunted CAR was associated with obsessing symptoms in women, whereas a more flattened diurnal cortisol slope was associated with ordering symptoms in men.

Conclusions
There are sex differences in the association between OC symptoms and HPA axis measures in healthy individuals.