bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of APP and APLP2 in GABAergic Forebrain Neurons Impairs Synaptic Plasticity and Cognition
Authors: Mehr Annika , Hick Meike , Ludewig Susann , Müller Michaela , Herrmann Ulrike , von Engelhardt Jakob , Wolfer David P , Korte Martin , Müller Ulrike C 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAmyloid-β precursor protein (APP) is central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, yet its physiological functions remain incompletely understood. Previous studies had indicated important synaptic functions of APP and the closely related homologue APLP2 in excitatory forebrain neurons for spine density, synaptic plasticity, and behavior. Here, we show that APP is also widely expressed in several interneuron subtypes, both in hippocampus and cortex. To address the functional role of APP in inhibitory neurons, we generated mice with a conditional APP/APLP2 double knockout (cDKO) in GABAergic forebrain neurons using DlxCre mice. These DlxCre cDKO mice exhibit cognitive deficits in hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory tasks, as well as impairments in species-typic nesting and burrowing behaviors. Deficits at the behavioral level were associated with altered neuronal morphology and synaptic plasticity Long-Term Potentiation (LTP). Impaired basal synaptic transmission at the Schafer collateral/CA1 pathway, which was associated with altered compound excitatory/inhibitory synaptic currents and reduced action potential firing of CA1 pyramidal cells, points to a disrupted excitation/inhibition balance in DlxCre cDKOs. Together, these impairments may lead to hippocampal dysfunction. Collectively, our data reveal a crucial role of APP family proteins in inhibitory interneurons to maintain functional network activity.
Optimization of dialysate bicarbonate in patients treated with online haemodiafiltration
Authors: Montagud-Marrahi Enrique , Broseta Jose , Rodriguez-Espinosa Diana , Lidia Rodas , Hermida-Lama Evelyn , Xipell Marc , Arias-Guillén Marta , Fontseré Nestor , Vera Manel , Bedini Josep Lluis , Rico Naira , Maduell Francisco 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Metabolic acidosis is a common problem in haemodialysis patients, but acidosis overcorrection has been associated with higher mortality. There is no clear definition of the optimal serum bicarbonate target or dialysate bicarbonate. This study analysed the impact of reducing dialysate bicarbonate from 35 to 32 mEq/L on plasma bicarbonate levels in a cohort of patients treated with online haemodiafiltration (OL-HDF).

Methods
We performed a prospective cohort study with patients in a stable chronic OL-HDF programme for at least 12 months in the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. We analysed pre- and post-dialysis total carbon dioxide(TCO2) before and after dialysate bicarbonate reduction from 35 to 32 mEq/L, as well as the number of patients with a pre- and post-dialysis TCO2 within 19–25 and ≤29 mEq/L, respectively, after the bicarbonate modification. Changes in serum sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorous and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were also assessed.

Results
We included 84 patients with a 6-month follow-up. At 6 months, pre- and post-dialysis TCO2 significantly decreased (26.78 ± 1.26 at baseline to 23.69 ± 1.92 mEq/L and 31.91 ± 0.91 to 27.58 ± 1.36 mEq/L, respectively). The number of patients with a pre-dialysis TCO2 &gt;25 mEq/L was significantly reduced from 80 (90.5%) to 17 (20.2%) and for post-dialysis TCO2  &gt;29 mEq/L this number was reduced from 83 (98.8%) to 9 (10.7%). PTH significantly decreased from 226.09 (range 172–296) to 182.50 (125–239)  pg/mL at 6 months (P &lt; 0.05) and post-dialysis potassium decreased from 3.16 ± 0.30 to 2.95 ± 0.48 mEq/L at 6 months (P &lt; 0.05). Sodium, pre-dialysis potassium, calcium and phosphorous did not change significantly.

Conclusions
Reducing dialysate bicarbonate concentration by 3 mEq/L significantly and safely decreased pre- and post-dialysis TCO2, avoiding acidosis overcorrection and improving secondary hyperparathyroidism control. An individualized bicarbonate prescription (a key factor in the adequate control of acidosis) according to pre-dialysis TCO2 is suggested based on these results.
Effect of Temperature on Plant Resistance to Arthropod Pests
Authors: Nechols James R , Hough Ashley R , Margolies David C , Ruberson John R , McCornack Brian P , Sandercock Brett K , Murray Leigh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Temperature has a strong influence on the development, survival, and fecundity of herbivorous arthropods, and it plays a key role in regulating the growth and development of their host plants. In addition, temperature affects the production of plant secondary chemicals as well as structural characteristics used for defense against herbivores. Thus, temperature has potentially important implications for host plant resistance. Because temperature directly impacts arthropod pests, both positively and negatively, distinguishing direct effects from indirect effects mediated through host plants poses a challenge for researchers and practitioners. A more comprehensive understanding of how temperature affects plant resistance specifically, and arthropod pests in general, would lead to better predictions of pest populations, and more effective use of plant resistance as a management tactic. Therefore, the goals of this paper are to 1) review and update knowledge about temperature effects on plant resistance, 2) evaluate alternative experimental approaches for separating direct from plant-mediated indirect effects of temperature on pests, including benefits and limitations of each approach, and 3) offer recommendations for future research.
Juberg-Hayward syndrome is a cohesinopathy, caused by mutation in ESCO2
Authors: Kantaputra Piranit Nik , Dejkhamron Prapai , Intachai Worrachet , Ngamphiw Chumpol , Kawasaki Katsushige , Ohazama Atsushi , Krisanaprakornkit Suttichai , Olsen Bjorn , Tongsima Sissades , Ketudat Cairns Jame R 
Published: March 2020

Summary

Background
Juberg-Hayward syndrome (JHS; MIM 216100) is a rare autosomal recessive malformation syndrome, characterized by cleft lip/palate, microcephaly, ptosis, short stature, hypoplasia or aplasia of thumbs, and dislocation of radial head and fusion of humerus and radius leading to elbow restriction.

Objective
To report for the first time the molecular aetiology of JHS.

Patient and methods
Clinical and radiographic examination, whole exome sequencing, Sanger sequencing, mutant protein model construction, and in situ hybridization of Esco2 expression in mouse embryos were performed.

Results
Clinical findings of the patient consisted of repaired cleft lip/palate, microcephaly, ptosis, short stature, delayed bone age, hypoplastic fingers and thumbs, clinodactyly of the fifth fingers, and humeroradial synostosis leading to elbow restriction. Intelligence is normal. Whole exome sequencing of the whole family showed a novel homozygous base substitution c.1654C&gt;T in ESCO2 of the proband. The sister was homozygous for the wildtype variant. Parents were heterozygous for the mutation. The mutation is predicted to cause premature stop codon p.Arg552Ter. Mutations in ESCO2, a gene involved in cohesin complex formation, are known to cause Roberts/SC phocomelia syndrome. Roberts/SC phocomelia syndrome and JHS share similar clinical findings, including autosomal recessive inheritance, short stature, cleft lip/palate, severe upper limb anomalies, and hypoplastic digits. Esco2 expression during the early development of lip, palate, eyelid, digits, upper limb, and lower limb and truncated protein model are consistent with the defect.

Conclusions
Our study showed that Roberts/SC phocomelia syndrome and JHS are allelic and distinct entities. This is the first report demonstrating that mutation in ESCO2 causes JHS, a cohesinopathy.
Sooner than you think: the Pre-1914 UK Productivity Slowdown was Victorian not Edwardian
Authors: Crafts Nicholas , Mills Terence C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper re-examines UK productivity growth in the decades before World War I using a new dataset compiled by the Bank of England. We find that the productivity slowdown of the early twentieth century was quite modest and does not deserve to be called a climacteric. A more serious slowdown in labour productivity growth occurred in the 1870s. Neither of these episodes should be regarded as a precedent for the current severe deterioration in UK productivity performance. Nor should a late-Victorian productivity slowdown be attributed to the end of the steam age despite the popularity of this belief.
Measurement properties of family resilience assessment questionnaires: a systematic review
Authors: Zhou Jia , He Bin , He Yaoyu , Huang Wei , Zhu Hongxu , Zhang Mengmeng , Wang Yuhuan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere have been numerous measurement questionnaires to estimate the level of family resilience. However, we lack published evidence regarding the most appropriate family resilience questionnaire in different adversity domains.ObjectiveThis study critically assesses and contrasts the measurement properties of questionnaires measuring family resilience in two domains: health care domain and social domain.MethodsTen electronic databases were searched for studies concerning the establishment, adaptation or evaluation of the measurement properties of a family resilience assessment questionnaire. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. On the basis of methodological quality and scoring criteria for the quality of questionnaires, the overall evidence of each questionnaire was rated.ResultsA total of 4084 initial studies were obtained, 23 of which met our inclusion criteria assessing 12 different questionnaires. The structural validity (23 studies) and internal consistency (22 studies) were the most frequently used measurement properties. Only two studies tested responsiveness, and the measurement error was not examined in any studies. The Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS) and Italian version of the Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire (Walsh-IT) showed positive evidence in health care domain. The FRAS performed well in social domain with specific adversity, and the Family Resilience Questionnaire (FRQ) received a good score in social domain without specific adversity.ConclusionFor health care domain, we recommend the FRAS and Walsh-IT. For social domain with specific adversity, we recommend the FRAS questionnaire. For social domain without specific adversity, the FRQ is recommended.
Disparity in Educational Attainment Partially Explains Cognitive Gender Differences in Older Rural South Africans
Authors: Farrell Meagan T , Kobayashi Lindsay C , Montana Livia , Wagner Ryan G , Demeyere Nele , Berkman Lisa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Direction and magnitude of gender differences in late-life cognitive function are inextricably tied to sociocultural context. Our study evaluates education and literacy as primary drivers of gender equality in cognitive performance among middle-aged and older adults in rural South Africa.

Method
Data were collected on 1,938 participants aged 40–79 from Agincourt, South Africa. Cognitive function was measured via the Oxford Cognitive Screen-Plus, a tablet-based assessment with low literacy demands. Four cognitive domains were derived through confirmatory factor analysis: episodic memory, executive function, visual spatial, and language. Structural equation models tested domain-specific gender effects, incrementally controlling for demographic, education, health, and socioeconomic variables.

Results
In the model adjusting only for demographic factors, men outperformed women on executive function and visual-spatial domains. Adding education and literacy to the model revealed a robust female advantage in episodic memory, and reduced the magnitude of male advantage in executive function and visual and spatial by 47% and 42%, respectively. Health and socioeconomic factors did not alter patterns of gender associations in subsequent models.

Discussion
In this older South African cohort, gender inequality in cognitive performance was partially attributable to educational differences. Understanding biopsychosocial mechanisms that promote cognitive resilience in older women is critically important given the predominantly female composition of aging populations worldwide.
The functions of CAP superfamily proteins in mammalian fertility and disease
Authors: Gaikwad Avinash S , Hu Jinghua , Chapple David G , O’Bryan Moira K 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDMembers of the cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPS), antigen 5 (Ag5) and pathogenesis-related 1 (Pr-1) (CAP) superfamily of proteins are found across the bacterial, fungal, plant and animal kingdoms. Although many CAP superfamily proteins remain poorly characterized, over the past decade evidence has accumulated, which provides insights into the functional roles of these proteins in various processes, including fertilization, immune defence and subversion, pathogen virulence, venom toxicology and cancer biology.OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALEThe aim of this article is to summarize the current state of knowledge on CAP superfamily proteins in mammalian fertility, organismal homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.SEARCH METHODSThe scientific literature search was undertaken via PubMed database on all articles published prior to November 2019. Search terms were based on following keywords: ‘CAP superfamily’, ‘CRISP’, ‘Cysteine-rich secretory proteins’, ‘Antigen 5’, ‘Pathogenesis-related 1’, ‘male fertility’, ‘CAP and CTL domain containing’, ‘CRISPLD1’, ‘CRISPLD2’, ‘bacterial SCP’, ‘ion channel regulator’, ‘CatSper’, ‘PI15’, ‘PI16’, ‘CLEC’, ‘PRY proteins’, ‘ASP proteins’, ‘spermatogenesis’, ‘epididymal maturation’, ‘capacitation’ and ‘snake CRISP’. In addition to that, reference lists of primary and review article were reviewed for additional relevant publications.OUTCOMESIn this review, we discuss the breadth of knowledge on CAP superfamily proteins with regards to their protein structure, biological functions and emerging significance in reproduction, health and disease. We discuss the evolution of CAP superfamily proteins from their otherwise unembellished prokaryotic predecessors into the multi-domain and neofunctionalized members found in eukaryotic organisms today. At least in part because of the rapid evolution of these proteins, many inconsistencies in nomenclature exist within the literature. As such, and in part through the use of a maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of the vertebrate CRISP subfamily, we have attempted to clarify this confusion, thus allowing for a comparison of orthologous protein function between species. This framework also allows the prediction of functional relevance between species based on sequence and structural conservation.WIDER IMPLICATIONSThis review generates a picture of critical roles for CAP proteins in ion channel regulation, sterol and lipid binding and protease inhibition, and as ligands involved in the induction of multiple cellular processes.
Introduction to and Screening Visit Results of the Multicenter Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Growth Study
Authors: Gupta Neera , Lustig Robert H , Andrews Howard , Sylvester Francisco , Keljo David , Goyal Alka , Gokhale Ranjana , Patel Ashish S , Guthery Stephen , Leu Cheng-Shiun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundStatural growth impairment is more common in males with Crohn’s disease (CD). We assessed sex differences in height Z score differences and bone age (BA) Z scores and characterized age of menarche in a novel contemporary cohort of pediatric CD patients undergoing screening for enrollment in the multicenter longitudinal Growth Study.MethodsCrohn’s disease patients (females with chronological age [CA] 5 years and older and younger than 14 years; males with CA 6 years and older and younger than 16 years) participated in a screening visit for the Growth Study. Height BA-Z scores are height Z scores calculated based on BA. Height CA-Z scores are height Z scores calculated based on CA. The height Z score difference equals height CA-Z score minus height BA-Z score.ResultsOne hundred seventy-one patients (60% male) qualified for this analysis. Mean CA was 12.2 years. Mean height CA-Z score was −0.4, and mean height BA-Z score was 0.4 in females. Mean height CA-Z score was −0.1, and mean height BA-Z score was 0.2 in males. The absolute value of the mean height Z score difference was significantly greater in females (0.8) than males (0.3; P = 0.005). The mean BA-Z score in females (−1.0) was significantly lower than in males (−0.2; P = 0.002). The median CA at menarche was 13.6 (95% CI, 12.6–14.6) years.ConclusionsOur screening visit data suggest that standardized height gain is lower in males with skeletal maturation and delayed puberty is common in females in CD. We are investigating these findings in the ongoing Growth Study.
Elements Generating a Proper Normal Subgroup of the Cremona Group
Authors: Cantat Serge , Guirardel Vincent , Lonjou Anne 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Consider an algebraically closed field ${\textbf{k}}$, and let $\textsf{Cr}_2({\textbf{k}})$ be the Cremona group of all birational transformations of the projective plane over ${\textbf{k}}$. We characterize infinite order elements $g\in \textsf{Cr}_2({\textbf{k}})$ having a power $g^n$, $n\neq 0$, generating a proper normal subgroup of $\textsf{Cr}_2({\textbf{k}})$.
N= 4 Superconformal Algebras and Diagonal Cosets
Authors: Creutzig Thomas , Feigin Boris , Linshaw Andrew R 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCoset constructions of ${{\mathcal{W}}}$-algebras have many applications and were recently given for principal ${{\mathcal{W}}}$-algebras of $A$, $D$, and $E$ types by Arakawa together with the 1st and 3rd authors. In this paper, we give coset constructions of the large and small $N=4$ superconformal algebras, which are the minimal ${{\mathcal{W}}}$-algebras of ${{\mathfrak{d}}}(2,1;a)$ and ${{\mathfrak{p}}}{{\mathfrak{s}}}{{\mathfrak{l}}}(2|2)$, respectively. From these realizations, one finds a remarkable connection between the large $N=4$ algebra and the diagonal coset $C^{k_1, k_2} = \textrm{Com}(V^{k_1+k_2}({{\mathfrak{s}}}{{\mathfrak{l}}}_2), V^{k_1}({{\mathfrak{s}}}{{\mathfrak{l}}}_2) \otimes V^{k_2}({{\mathfrak{s}}}{{\mathfrak{l}}}_2))$, namely, as two-parameter vertex algebras, $C^{k_1, k_2}$ coincides with the coset of the large $N=4$ algebra by its affine subalgebra. We also show that at special points in the parameter space, the simple quotients of these cosets are isomorphic to various ${{\mathcal{W}}}$-algebras. As a corollary, we give new examples of strongly rational principal ${{\mathcal{W}}}$-algebras of type $C$ at degenerate admissible levels.
Innate Immune Responses in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid From Neonates and Infants Infected With Parechovirus-A3 or Enteroviruses
Authors: Habuka Rie , Aizawa Yuta , Izumita Ryohei , Domon Hisanori , Terao Yutaka , Takihara Hayato , Okuda Shujiro , Saitoh Akihiko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundParechovirus (PeV)-A3 and enteroviruses (EV) are the most common viruses causing sepsis and meningoencephalitis in neonates and young infants. Clinical manifestations of PeV-A3 infection are more severe than those of EV infection, and no pleocytosis with a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result for PeV-A3 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are characteristic findings. We hypothesized that innate immune responses to PeV-A3 and EV are distinct in serum and CSF.MethodsWe evaluated 22 cytokines/chemokines in serum and CSF from PeV-A3- or EV-infected patients younger than 4 months in Niigata, Japan, from 2015 through 2018. Infection was diagnosed with real-time PCR followed by sequencing. Febrile neonates and infants with sepsis-like syndrome who had negative bacterial culture and viral PCR for both PeV-A and EV were also included (non-PeV-A/EV patients).ResultsAmong 192 febrile patients, we evaluated 16 PeV-A3-infected, 15 EV-infected, and 8 non-PeV-A/EV patients. Serum pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine levels were higher in PeV-A3-infected patients than in EV-infected patients (P &lt; .02). Although most cytokine/chemokine were elevated in CSF from EV-infected patients, levels were low or undetectable in PeV-A3-infected and non-PeV-A/EV patients (P &lt; .001).ConclusionsDistinct cytokine/chemokine patterns in serum and CSF may explain the different clinical manifestations of PeV-A3-infected and EV-infected neonates and young infants.
The Venom Compound N-(3-methylbutyl)acetamide Attracts Several Polistes (Fuscopolistes) Species (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
Authors: Elmquist Dane C , Landolt Peter J , Cooper William Rodney , Reed Hal , Foutz Jillian , Clepper Timothy , Kacprzyk Bryon , Teig Donald , Zack Richard S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Polistes paper wasps in the Fuscopolistes subgenus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) can be serious pests when they swarm at tall man-made structures. Chemical attractants may be useful to trap such paper wasps when they achieve pest status. Polistes venom has been shown to elicit a variety of behavioral responses in congeneric wasps, making it a source for potential chemical attractants. The compound N-(3-methylbutyl)acetamide is a principal volatile component in the venom of many female vespid wasps, including numerous Polistes species. We report the presence of N-(3-methylbutyl)acetamide in autumn gynes of Polistes metricus Say, Polistes bellicosus Cresson, and Polistes dorsalis (F.), as well as workers of Polistes aurifer (Saussure), P. bellicosus, P. metricus, and P. dorsalis. In field tests conducted in Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and Washington, N-(3-methylbutyl)acetamide attracted male and female P. aurifer and P. metricus, as well as male P. dorsalis and P. bellicosus. Thus, N-(3-methylbutyl)acetamide may be a useful lure for trapping these paper wasps in pest situations.
Impact of gender and employment type on job loss among cancer survivors
Authors: Tsuchiya Miyako , Horio Yoshitsugu , Funazaki Hatsumi , Aogi Kenjiro , Miyauchi Kazue , Arai Yasuaki , Takahashi Miyako 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective
To identify factors associated with cancer-related job loss following cancer diagnosis.

Methods
A multicentre cross-sectional survey was conducted among adult cancer survivors employed at the time of cancer diagnosis. Hierarchical multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association of gender and employment type with job loss after cancer diagnosis and if the interaction between gender and employment type predicted job loss.

Results
Of 1618 patients recruited, 1483 returned questionnaires (91.7% response rate). Data from 708 patients were eligible for analyses. Approximately 21% of patients had lost their job within 10 years of diagnosis. Patients who had undergone chemotherapy were more likely to lose their jobs than those who had not (OR = 3.24, 95% CI 2.13–4.91). Women were more likely to lose their jobs than men (OR = 2.58, 95% CI 1.48–4.50). Temporary employees were more likely to lose their jobs than regular employees (OR = 2.62, 95% CI 1.72–3.99). After controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, no interaction effects between gender and employment type were observed (P = 0.44).

Conclusions
Women and temporary employees are more vulnerable to cancer-related job loss. Clinicians need greater awareness of the risk of patient job loss, and they need to assess patients’ employment types and provide appropriate support to balance treatment schedules and work.