bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the regularization of Lifshitz-type field theories
Authors: Bonanno Alfio , Park Miok , Rachwał Lesław , Zappalà Dario 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe consider Lifshitz-type scalar theories with explicit breaking of the Lorentz symmetry that, in addition, exhibit anisotropic scaling laws near the ultraviolet fixed point. Using the proper time regularization method on the spatial coordinates only, we derive the regularized form of the one-loop effective potential in such theories. We study the main features of the one-loop effective potential and, also, the RG flow of the scale-dependent potential both in the IR and UV regimes. The beta functions for the couplings are derived.
Conjugates of Pisot numbers
Authors: Hare Kevin G. , Sidorov Nikita 
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we investigate the Galois conjugates of a Pisot number [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. In particular, we conjecture that for [Formula: see text] we have [Formula: see text] for all conjugates [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. Further, for [Formula: see text], we conjecture that for all Pisot numbers [Formula: see text] we have [Formula: see text]. A similar conjecture if made for [Formula: see text]. We conjecture that all of these bounds are tight. We provide partial supporting evidence for this conjecture. This evidence is both of a theoretical and computational nature. Lastly, we connect this conjecture to a result on the dimension of Bernoulli convolutions parameterized by [Formula: see text], whose conjugate is the reciprocal of a Pisot number.
Therapeutic Potential of NTRK3 Inhibition in Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor
Authors: Ogura Koichi , Somwar Romel , Hmeljak Julija , Magnan Heather , Benayed Ryma , Momeni Boroujeni Amir , Bowman Anita S. , Mattar Marissa S. , Khodos Inna , de Stanchina Elisa , Jungbluth Achim , Asher Marina , Odintsov Igor , Hartono Alifiani B. , LaQuaglia Michael P. , Slotkin Emily , Pratilas Christine A. , Lee Sean Bong , Spraggon Lee , Ladanyi Marc 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a highly lethal intra-abdominal sarcoma of adolescents and young adults. DSRCT harbors a t(11;22)(p13:q12) that generates the EWSR1-WT1 chimeric transcription factor, the key oncogenic driver of DSRCT. EWSR1-WT1 rewires global gene expression networks and activates aberrant expression of targets that together mediate oncogenesis. EWSR1-WT1 also activates a neural gene expression program.

Experimental Design:
Among these neural markers, we found prominent expression of neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor 3 (NTRK3), a druggable receptor tyrosine kinase. We investigated the regulation of NTRK3 by EWSR1-WT1 and its potential as a therapeutic target in vitro and in vivo, the latter using novel patient-derived models of DSRCT.

Results:
We found that EWSR1-WT1 binds upstream of NTRK3 and activates its transcription. NTRK3 mRNA is highly expressed in DSRCT compared with other major chimeric transcription factor–driven sarcomas and most DSRCTs are strongly immunoreactive for NTRK3 protein. Remarkably, expression of NTRK3 kinase domain mRNA in DSRCT is also higher than in cancers with NTRK3 fusions. Abrogation of NTRK3 expression by RNAi silencing reduces growth of DSRCT cells and pharmacologic targeting of NTRK3 with entrectinib is effective in both in vitro and in vivo models of DSRCT.

Conclusions:
Our results indicate that EWSR1-WT1 directly activates NTRK3 expression in DSRCT cells, which are dependent on its expression and activity for growth. Pharmacologic inhibition of NTRK3 by entrectinib significantly reduces growth of DSRCT cells both in vitro and in vivo, providing a rationale for clinical evaluation of NTRK3 as a therapeutic target in DSRCT.
The resilience among suicide attempt survivor
Authors: Tentama Fatwa , Sukesi Tri Wahyuni , Mulasari Surahma Asti , Sulistyawati Sulistyawati 
Published: November 2020

Suicide incidents in Gunungkidul, Indonesia have increased from year by year. This phenomenon is of great importance to study to find a proper solution. Based on the data it has been found that people who have committed suicide but have been saved (survived). To date, they have managed to survive and carry out their daily activities well. The majority of suicide attempts are caused by unpleasant experiences in the past. The purpose of this study was to assess the resilience of suicide survivors who can be used to motivate people who intend or who survived suicide to get back up. This research used a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method. The location of this research was in Gunungkidul Regency. The subjects of this study were four people who were obtained by using purposive sampling technique. Several in-depth interviews were carried out to collect the data from the respondent. The results show that the factors supporting the resilience of survivors to suicide were the ability to control emotions and impulses, self-efficacy and optimism, the ability to analyze the causes of problems, empathy, and the ability to achieve what was desired.<br /><br />
Quadcopter based emergency medikit delivery system for hill stations
Authors: Balamurugan C. R. , Revathy S. M. , Vijayakumar P. 
Published: November 2020

Now-a-days UAV’s are more common for search, rescue and surveillance. A quad copter UAV system is proposed to be used for aerial transportation of medicine. A Quadcopter has a drive chassis having a propeller, ESC, motor, frames and battery. Quadcopter is supported with GPS to know the exact position. To know the exact location and delivering medicine to accident area, an audio and video system is used. The quad frame built from quality materials, which are reinforced and much more stronger, this reduces arm breakage. A set of two plastic propellers, one normal and one pusher (reverse) to rotate and lift up the quadcopter. The brushless out-runner will provide more power with its high efficiency, long run times. The ESC includes programmable motor braking, soft start for helicopters and planes, timing, throttle input range and low-voltage cutoff. Lithium-Polymer (Li-Po) battery for very light weight, small size and durability without losing charging capacity. The whole quadcopter process can be monitored and controlled by a remote control system, quadcopter will capture the live video and current status can be seen visualized and provides information about all the other exact condition in real time.
Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Corrected for Lipoprotein(a) Cholesterol, Risk Thresholds, and Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Willeit Peter , Yeang Calvin , Moriarty Patrick M. , Tschiderer Lena , Varvel Stephen A. , McConnell Joseph P. , Tsimikas Sotirios 
Published: November 2020

Background
Conventional "low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C)" assays measure cholesterol content in both low‐density lipoprotein and lipoprotein(a) particles. To clarify the consequences of this methodological limitation for clinical care, our study aimed to compare associations of “LDL‐C” and corrected LDL‐C with risk of cardiovascular disease and to assess the impact of this correction on the classification of patients into guideline‐recommended LDL‐C categories.

Methods and Results

Lipoprotein(a) cholesterol content was estimated as 30% of lipoprotein(a) mass and subtracted from “LDL‐C” to obtain corrected LDL‐C values (LDL‐C
corr30
). Hazard ratios for cardiovascular disease (defined as coronary heart disease, stroke, or coronary revascularization) were quantified by individual‐patient‐data meta‐analysis of 5 statin landmark trials from the Lipoprotein(a) Studies Collaboration (18 043 patients; 5390 events; 4.7 years median follow‐up). When comparing top versus bottom quartiles, the multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratio for cardiovascular disease was significant for “LDL‐C” (1.17; 95% CI, 1.05–1.31;
P
=0.005) but not for LDL‐C
corr30
(1.07; 95% CI, 0.93–1.22;
P
=0.362). In a routine laboratory database involving 531 144 patients, reclassification of patients across guideline‐recommended LDL‐C categories when using LDL‐C
corr30
was assessed. In “LDL‐C” categories of 70 to <100, 100 to <130, 130 to <190, and ≥190 mg/dL, significant proportions (95% CI) of participants were reassigned to lower LDL‐C categories when LDL‐C
corr30
was used: 30.2% (30.0%–30.4%), 35.1% (34.9%–35.4%), 32.9% (32.6%–33.1%), and 41.1% (40.0%–42.2%), respectively.

Conclusions

“
LDL‐C” was associated with incident cardiovascular disease only when lipoprotein(a) cholesterol content was included in its measurement. Refinement in techniques to accurately measure LDL‐C, particularly in patients with elevated lipoprotein(a) levels, is warranted to assign risk to the responsible lipoproteins.
Recurrent Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Event Rates Differ Among Patients Meeting the Very High Risk Definition According to Age, Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: An Jaejin , Zhang Yiyi , Muntner Paul , Moran Andrew E. , Hsu Jin‐Wen , Reynolds Kristi 
Published: November 2020

Background
The risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events may differ by sociodemographic factors among patients meeting the definition of very high risk according to the 2018 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology cholesterol guideline, leading to treatment disparities. We estimated the risk for recurrent ASCVD events among adults meeting the definition of very high risk by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status in a US integrated healthcare system.

Methods and Results
The study cohort included Kaiser Permanente Southern California members aged ≥21 years with a history of clinical ASCVD on September 30, 2009. Very high risk for recurrent ASCVD was defined by a history of ≥2 major ASCVD events or a history of 1 major event along with ≥2 high‐risk conditions. Patients were followed through 2015 for a first recurrent ASCVD event. Of 77 101 patients with ASCVD, 50.8% met the definition for very high risk. Among patients meeting the definition of very high risk, recurrent ASCVD rates were higher in older (>75 years) versus younger patients (21–40 years) (sex‐adjusted hazard ratio [HR] [95% CI] 1.85; 1.23–2.79), non‐Hispanic Black patients versus non‐Hispanic White patients (age‐, sex‐adjusted HR, 1.32; 1.23–1.41), those who lived in neighborhoods with lower (<$35k) versus higher annual household income (≥$80k) (HR, 1.20; 1.11–1.30), or with lower (≥31.2%) versus higher education levels (<8.8% high school or lower) (HR, 1.26; 1.19–1.34).

Conclusions
Disparities in the risk for recurrent ASCVD events were present across sociodemographic factors among very high risk patients. The addition of sociodemographic factors to current definitions of very high risk could reduce health disparities.
Spironolactone Use and Improved Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction With Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Tsujimoto Tetsuro , Kajio Hiroshi 
Published: November 2020

Background
Resistant hypertension is a salt‐retaining condition possibly attributable to inappropriate aldosterone secretion.

Methods and Results

This study was a secondary analysis of the TOPCAT (Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist) trial. Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) with (n=1004) and without (n=2437) resistant hypertension were included. Resistant hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mm Hg in a patient with hypertension, despite the concurrent use of a renin‐angiotensin system blocker (angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker), a calcium channel blocker, and a diuretic; or as those patients using ≥4 classes of antihypertensive medication. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, aborted cardiac arrest, or heart failure hospitalization. We analyzed hazard ratios (HRs) for outcomes with 95% CIs in the spironolactone group and compared them with the placebo group using Cox proportional hazard models. The risk of primary outcome events in patients with HFpEF with resistant hypertension was significantly lower in the spironolactone group than in the placebo group (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.53–0.91;
P
=0.009), whereas the risk of primary outcome events in patients with HFpEF without resistant hypertension was not significantly different between the 2 groups (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.83–1.20;
P
=0.97). There was a significant interaction between spironolactone use and resistant hypertension (
P
=0.03). Similar associations were also observed in patients with HFpEF from the Americas (United States, Canada, Brazil, and Argentina) only.

Conclusions
Spironolactone may be an effective add‐on medication for patients with HFpEF with resistant hypertension taking angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Inherited Thrombophilia and Venous Thromboembolism: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Campello Elena , Spiezia Luca , Simion Chiara , Tormene Daniela , Camporese Giuseppe , Dalla Valle Fabio , Poretto Anna , Bulato Cristiana , Gavasso Sabrina , Radu Claudia Maria , Simioni Paolo 
Published: November 2020

Background
In this prospective cohort study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) versus heparin/vitamin K antagonists for the treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with inherited thrombophilia.

Methods and Results
We enrolled consecutive patients with acute VTE and inherited thrombophilia treated with DOACs (cases) or heparin/vitamin K antagonists (controls), matched for age, sex, ethnicity, and thrombophilia type. End points were VTE recurrence and bleeding complications; residual vein thrombosis and post‐thrombotic syndrome; VTE recurrence after anticoagulant discontinuation. Two hundred fifty‐five cases (age 52.4±17.3 years, Female 44.3%, severe thrombophilia 33.1%) and 322 controls (age 49.7±18.1 years, Female 50.3%, severe thrombophilia 35.1%) were included. The cumulative incidence of VTE recurrence during anticoagulation was 1.09% in cases versus 1.83%, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.67 (95% CI, 0.16–2.77). The cumulative incidence of bleeding was 10.2% in cases versus 4.97%, HR 2.24 (95% CI 1.10–4.58). No major bleedings occurred in cases (versus 3 in controls). No significant differences regarding residual vein thrombosis and post‐thrombotic syndrome. After anticoagulant discontinuation, DOACs yielded a significantly lower 2‐year VTE recurrence risk versus traditional anticoagulants (HR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.47–0.82]).

Conclusions
DOACs and heparin/vitamin K antagonists showed a similar efficacy in treating VTE in patients with thrombophilia. Although major bleeding episodes were recorded solely with heparin/vitamin K antagonists, we noted an overall increased bleeding rate with DOACs. The use of DOACs was associated with a lower 2‐year risk of VTE recurrence after anticoagulant discontinuation.
The Potential and Limits of Environmental Disclosure Regulation: A
Global Value Chain Perspective Applied to Tanker Shipping
Authors: Poulsen René Taudal , Ponte Stefano , van Leeuwen Judith , Rehmatulla Nishatabbas 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Exploring how transnational environmental governance and the operation of global value chains (GVCs) intersect is key in explaining the circumstances under which mandatory disclosure can improve the environmental footprint of business operations. We investigate how the governance dynamics of the tanker shipping value chain (a major emitter of greenhouse gases) limits the effectiveness of the European Union (EU) monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) regulation, which mandates the disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions for ships calling at EU ports. Although MRV seeks to help shipowners and ship managers save fuel and reduce emissions, it does not address the complexity of power relations along the tanker shipping value chain and currently cannot disentangle how different actors influence the design, operational, commercial, and ocean/weather factors that together determine fuel consumption. In particular, the EU MRV neglects to reflect on how oil majors exert their power and impose their commercial priorities on other actors, and thus co-determine fuel use levels. We conclude that, in its current form, the EU MRV is unlikely to lead to significant environmental upgrading in tanker shipping. More generally, we argue that regulators seeking to facilitate environmental upgrading need to expand their focus beyond the unwanted behaviors of producers of goods and providers of services to also address the incentive structures and demands placed on them by global buyers.
Transient Aggregation of Convection: Observed Behavior and Underlying Processes
Authors: Masunaga Hirohiko , Holloway Christopher E. , Kanamori Hironari , Bony Sandrine , Stein Thorwald H. M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConvective self-aggregation is among the most striking features emerging from radiative–convective equilibrium simulations, but its relevance to convective disturbances observed in the real atmosphere remains under debate. This work seeks the observational signals of convective aggregation intrinsic to the life cycle of cloud clusters. To this end, composite time series of the Simple Convective Aggregation Index (SCAI), a metric of aggregation, and other variables from satellite measurements are constructed around the temporal maxima of precipitation. All the parameters analyzed are large-scale means over 10° × 10° domains. The composite evolution for heavy precipitation regimes shows that cloud clusters are gathered into fewer members during a period of ±12 h as precipitation picks up. The high-cloud cover per cluster expands as the number of clusters drops, suggesting a transient occurrence of convective aggregation. The sign of the transient aggregation is less evident or entirely absent in light precipitation regimes. An energy budget analysis is performed in search of the physical processes underlying the transient aggregation. The column moist static energy (MSE) accumulates before the precipitation peak and dissipates after, accounted for primarily by the horizontal MSE advection. The domain-averaged column radiative cooling is greater in a more aggregated composite than in a less aggregated one, although the role of radiative–convective feedback behind this remains unclear.
Relationships between Wintertime Sea Ice Cover in the Barents Sea and Ocean Temperature Anomalies in the Era of Satellite Observations
Authors: Schlichtholz Pawel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInvestigation of the predictability of sea ice cover in the Barents Sea is of paramount importance since sea ice changes in this part of the Arctic not only affect local marine ecosystems and human activities but may also influence weather and climate in northern midlatitudes. Here, observational data from the period 1981–2018 are used to identify statistical linkages of wintertime sea ice cover in the Barents Sea region to preceding sea surface temperature (SST) and Atlantic Water temperature anomalies in that region. We find that the ocean temperature anomalies formed by local air–sea interactions during the winter-to-spring season are a significant source of predictability for sea ice area (SIA) in the Barents Sea region the following winter. Optimal areas for constructing SST predictors of Barents Sea SIA and skill scores from retrospective statistical forecasts are shown to differ between the periods up to and since the onset of rapid sea ice decline in the region. In the EARLY period (1982–2003), springtime SSTs in the western Barents Sea predicted 44% of the variance of the following winter Barents Sea SIA. In the LATE period (2003–17), springtime SSTs in the southern Barents Sea predicted 70% of the variance of the following winter Barents Sea SIA. Regression analysis suggests that feedbacks from anomalous winds may be important for the predictability of wintertime sea ice cover in the Barents Sea region.
U.S. Tropical Cyclone Activity in the 2030s Based on Projected Changes in Tropical Sea Surface Temperature
Authors: Hall Timothy M. , Kossin James P. , Thompson Terence , McMahon James 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe use a statistical tropical cyclone (TC) model, the North Atlantic Stochastic Hurricane Model (NASHM), in combination with sea surface temperature (SST) projections from climate models, to estimate regional changes in U.S. TC activity into the 2030s. NASHM is trained on historical variations in TC characteristics with two SST indices: global–tropical mean SST and the difference between tropical North Atlantic Ocean (NA) SST and the rest of the global tropics, often referred to as “relative SST.” Testing confirms the model’s ability to reproduce historical U.S. TC activity as well as to make skillful predictions. When NASHM is driven by SST projections into the 2030s, overall NA annual TC counts increase, and the fractional increase is the greatest at the highest wind intensities. However, an eastward anomaly in mean TC tracks and an eastward shift in TC formation region result in a geographically varied signal in U.S. coastal activity. Florida’s Gulf Coast is projected to see significant increases in TC activity relative to the long-term historical mean, and these increases are fractionally greatest at the highest intensities. By contrast, the northwestern U.S. Gulf Coast and the U.S. East Coast will see little change.
Evaluation of Phase Discrimination Methods and Snow Fraction Perturbations in Arid Regions of Northwest China
Authors: Saydi Muattar , Tang Guoping , Qin Yan , Fang Hong , Chen Xiaohua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSnow fraction has a direct impact on water resources in arid regions. The selection of proper methods for estimating snow fraction is thus essential. Two temperature-based and two humidity-based approaches to discriminate precipitation phase were evaluated using daily meteorological observations over the past six decades in Xinjiang in arid northwest China. The main findings included that 1) the finest discrimination was achieved by the wet-bulb temperature (Tw) method whereas the single temperature threshold at 0°C produces the poorest result; the performances of the Dai and humidity-dependent empirical method (TRH) methods were between them, with slightly lower error using the Dai method. Also, the Tw method is the least sensitive to regional heterogeneity and less affected by distinct changes in elevation; the other three methods, however, are biased mostly toward underestimating snow and show larger variations due to the regional discrepancies. Careful adjustment of snow discrimination thresholds based on the local properties of observation spots is needed for these methods. 2) Despite widespread warming, snow fraction perturbations in Xinjiang are characterized mainly by insignificant changes plus pronounced reductions at high mountain sites. Proxy drivers of such changes can be better explained by considering the hydrothermal diversity and changing climatic factors. Across the wetter subregions, snowfall has been significantly increasing, and the positive impact of which on snow fraction was hindered by significant warming, particularly in winter, and summer rainfall; across the drier subregions, however, insignificant change in snow fraction corresponds to a slow and insignificant increase in snowfall joined by the negative impacts of significant winter warming and summer rainfall.