bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corticosteroids alter the differentiated phenotype of articular chondrocytes
Authors: Fubini Susan L. , Todhunter Rory J. , Burton‐Wurster Nancy , Vernier‐Singer Margaret , Macleod James N. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractExperimental evidence suggests that recommended dosages of some corticosteroids used clinically as antiinflammatory agents for treating arthropathies damage articular cartilage, but low dosages may be chondroprotective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how different concentrations of methylprednisolone affect chondrocyte function and viability. Articular cartilage and chondrocytes were obtained from young adult horses, 1.5–3.5 years of age. Corticosteroid‐induced changes in collagen expression were studied at the transcriptional level by Northern blot analyses and at the translational level by measuring [3H]‐proline incorporation into [3H]‐hydroxyproline. Fibronectin mRNA splicing patterns were evaluated with ribonuclease protection assays. Cytotoxicity was studied using erythrosin B dye exclusion. Steady‐state levels of type II procollagen mRNA decreased without concurrent changes in type I procollagen expression as the medium methylprednisolone concentrations were increased from 1 × 101to 1 × 108pg/ml, dropping below 10% of control values by 1 × 105pg/ml. Cytotoxicity occurred as methylprednisolone levels were increased further from 1 × 108to 1 × 109pg/ml. Changes in total collagen (protein) synthesis were less pronounced, but also demonstrated significant suppression between 1 × 104and 1 × 108pg/ml. Corticosteroid‐induced changes in fibronectin isoform levels were evaluated in articular cartilage samples without in vitro culture. The cartilage‐specific (V + C)−isoform was suppressed in both normal and inflamed joints by a single intraarticular injection (0.1 mg/kg) of methylprednisolone. Combined, these data indicate that methylprednisolone suppresses matrix protein markers of chondrocytic differentiation. Decreased and altered chondrocyte expression of matrix proteins likely contributes to the pathogenesis of corticosteroid‐induced cartilage degeneration. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Truthiness and law: Nonprobative photos bias perceived credibility in forensic contexts
Authors: Derksen Daniel G. , Giroux Megan E. , Connolly Deborah A. , Newman Eryn J. , Bernstein Daniel M. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryNonprobative but related photos can increase the perceived truth value of statements relative to when no photo is presented (truthiness). In two experiments, we tested whether truthiness generalizes to credibility judgments in a forensic context. Participants read short vignettes in which a witness viewed an offence. The vignettes were presented with or without a nonprobative, but related photo. In both experiments, participants gave higher witness credibility ratings to photo‐present vignettes compared to photo‐absent vignettes. In Experiment 2, half the vignettes included additional nonprobative information in the form of text. We replicated the photo presence effect in Experiment 2, but the nonprobative text did not significantly alter witness credibility. The results suggest that nonprobative photos can increase the perceived credibility of witnesses in legal contexts.
Nature‐Inspired Adhesive Catecholamines for Highly Concentrated Colorimetric Signal in Spatial Biomarker Labeling
Authors: Kim Seunghwi , Hong Seonki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractColorants have been utilized for precise biomarker detection in rapid and convenient colorimetric bioassays. However, the diffusion of colorants in solution often results in poor sensitivity, which is a major obstacle to the clinical translation of current colorants. To address this issue, in the current study, a unique colorant is developed that possesses adhesiveness for concentration near the target biomarker, avoiding diffusion. In nature, the synergistic interplay between catechol and amine functional groups is thought to be key for the unique mechanism of marine mussel adhesion. In addition, polymerized catecholamines are found in nature as biopigments, that is, in melanin. The dual role of catechol/catecholamine moieties in natural organics inspire to design novel colorimetric bioassays based on an adhesive colorant. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is used to initiate in situ polymerization of the catecholic precursors with amine‐containing additive molecules and simultaneously attach them near the HRP‐labeled biomarkers. This novel catecholamine‐based adhesive colorant provides an excellent quantitative (naked‐eye) visible signal and it also generates superb spatial information on the biomarkers on complex surfaces (e.g., cell membranes).
Nanobottles for Controlled Release and Drug Delivery
Authors: Qiu Jichuan , Xu Jianchang , Xia Younan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNanobottles refer to colloidal particles with a hollow interior and a single opening in the wall. These unique features make them ideal carriers for the loading, encapsulation, release, and delivery of various types of theranostic agents in an array of biomedical applications. The hollow interior gives them a high loading capacity while the opening enables quick loading and controlled release of the payload(s). More significantly, on‐demand release can be readily achieved by adding a stimuli‐responsive material as the inner matrix or cork stopper. This progress report begins with an introduction to the general structures and properties of nanobottles, followed by a brief discussion on the methods developed for their fabrication. The use of nanobottles for loading different types of payloads is then showcased, including small‐molecule drugs, biomacromolecules, imaging contrast agents, and functional nanoparticles. The strategies explored for controlling the release by varying the size of the opening and/or integrating with a stimuli‐responsive material are also highlighted. This paper concludes with some perspectives on future directions for this class of nanomaterials in terms of fabrication, functionalization, and application.
Combining Qdot Nanotechnology and DNA Nanotechnology for Sensitive Single‐Cell Imaging
Authors: Zhou Wen , Han Yan , Beliveau Brian J. , Gao Xiaohu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractImmunohistochemistry (IHC) can provide detailed information about protein expression within the cell microenvironment and is one of the most common techniques in biology and medicine due to the broad availability of highly specific antibodies and well‐established bioconjugation methods for modification of these antibodies with chromogens and fluorophores. Despite recent advances in this field, it remains challenging to simultaneously achieve high multiplexing, sensitivity, and throughput in single‐cell profiling experiments. Here, the combination of two powerful technologies is reported, quantum dot and signal amplification by exchange reaction (QD‐SABER), for sensitive and multiplexed imaging of endogenous proteins. Compared to the conventional IHC process using dye‐labeled secondary antibodies (which already has a built‐in signal amplification mechanism), QD‐SABER provides an additional 7.6‐fold signal amplification. In addition, the DNA hybridization‐based IHC can be rapidly removed to regenerate the sample for subsequent cycles of immunostaining (>10 cycles), greatly expanding the multiplexing capability.
Direct Dehydrogenation for the Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Chen Hong , Liu Long , Huang Tianzeng , Chen Jing , Chen Tieqiao 
Published: June 2020

Abstractα,β‐Unsaturated carbonyl compounds are among the most fundamentally important functional compounds and are widely applied in synthetic chemistry, medical chemistry and material chemistry. Thus, their synthesis has attracted much attention of chemists. The dehydrogenation of two adjacent sp3C−H bonds can directly construct carbon‐carbon double bonds with high atom efficiency, and has been used for preparing unsaturated compounds as a powerful strategy. Herein, we highlight recent advances in the preparation of the valuable α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds through α,β‐dehydrogenation.magnified image
An Easy, General and Practical Method for the Construction of Alkyl Sulfonyl Fluorides
Authors: Zhang Xu , Fang Wan‐Yin , Lekkala Ravindar , Tang Wenjian , Qin Hua‐Li 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA visible light‐induced reductive addition of 1°, 2° and 3° alkyl iodides to ethenesulfonyl fluoride, employing Hantzsch ester as a hydrogen source at room temperature was developed. This method featured a wide substrate scope and great functional group compatibility, providing facile and robust process to alkyl sulfonyl fluorides including enzyme inhibitors, natural products and drugs derivatives in up to 99% yield. Further derivatization of resultant aliphatic sulfonyl fluorides was also achieved through sulfur fluoride exchange (SuFEx) reactions to deliver sulfonates and sulfonamides as privileged motifs for medicinal chemistry.magnified image
Proteomic Identification Reveals the Role of Ciliary Extracellular‐Like Vesicle in Cardiovascular Function
Authors: Mohieldin Ashraf M. , Pala Rajasekharreddy , Sherpa Rinzhin T. , Alanazi Madhawi , Alanazi Ashwaq , Shamloo Kiumars , Ahsan Amir , AbouAlaiwi Wissam A. , Moresco James J. , Yates John R. , Nauli Surya M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrimary cilia are shown to have membrane swelling, also known as ciliary bulbs. However, the role of these structures and their physiological relevance remains unknown. Here, it is reported that a ciliary bulb has extracellular vesicle (EV)‐like characteristics. The ciliary extracellular‐like vesicle (cELV) has a unique dynamic movement and can be released by mechanical fluid force. To better identify the cELV, differential multidimensional proteomic analyses are performed on the cELV. A database of 172 cELV proteins is generated, and all that examined are confirmed to be in the cELV. Repressing the expression of these proteins in vitro and in vivo inhibits cELV formation. In addition to the randomized heart looping, hydrocephalus, and cystic kidney in fish, compensated heart contractility is observed in both fish and mouse models. Specifically, low circulation of cELV results in hypotension with compensated heart function, left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and arrhythmogenic characteristics, which result in a high mortality rate in mice. Furthermore, the overall ejection fraction, stroke volume, and cardiac output are significantly decreased in mice lacking cELV. It is thus proposed that the cELV as a nanocompartment within a primary cilium plays an important role in cardiovascular functions.
Racially diverse participant registries to facilitate the recruitment of African Americans into presymptomatic Alzheimer's disease studies
Authors: Cocroft Shelytia , Welsh‐Bohmer Kathleen A. , Plassman Brenda L. , Chanti‐Ketterl Marianne , Edmonds Henry , Gwyther Lisa , McCart Michelle , MacDonald Heather , Potter Guy , Burke James R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe Alzheimer's Disease Prevention Registry (ADPR) of the Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at Duke University has been successful in achieving a racially diverse and “research ready” cohort of cognitively healthy volunteers.MethodsThe ADPR is based on an infrastructure that includes: (1) an administrative leadership team; (2) a coordinating center; (3) an IT management team; (4) a community engagement team; and (5) collaborations with study partners across disciplines.ResultsThe ADPR currently has more than 4677 members, 26% of whom are African American. The ADPR has supported 21 studies including 8 biomarker studies, 7 clinical trials, 4 cognitive neuroscience studies, and 2 studies assessing novel computerized measures.DiscussionWe describe our experiences establishing and maintaining a diverse ADPR as well as insights on recruitment strategies to increase the representation of African Americans in Alzheimer's disease studies.
Drug‐Responsive Inhomogeneous Cortical Modulation by Direct Current Stimulation
Authors: Sun Yan , Dhamne Sameer C. , Carretero‐Guillén Alejandro , Salvador Ricardo , Goldenberg Marti C. , Godlewski Brianna R. , Pascual‐Leone Alvaro , Madsen Joseph R. , Stone Scellig S. D. , Ruffini Giulio , Márquez‐Ruiz Javier , Rotenberg Alexander 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveCathodal direct current stimulation (cDCS) induces long‐term depression (LTD)‐like reduction of cortical excitability (DCS‐LTD), which has been tested in the treatment of epilepsy with modest effects. In part, this may be due to variable cortical neuron orientation relative to the electric field. We tested, in vivo and in vitro, whether DCS‐LTD occurs throughout the cortical thickness, and if not, then whether drug–DCS pairing can enhance the uniformity of the cortical response and the cDCS antiepileptic effect.MethodscDCS‐mediated changes in cortical excitability were measured in vitro in mouse motor cortex (M1) and in human postoperative neocortex, in vivo in mouse somatosensory cortex (S1), and in a mouse kainic acid (KA)‐seizure model. Contributions of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate–type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) to cDCS‐mediated plasticity were tested with application of NMDAR blockers (memantine/D‐AP5).ResultscDCS reliably induced DCS‐LTD in superficial cortical layers, and a long‐term potentiation (LTP)‐like enhancement (DCS‐LTP) was recorded in deep cortical layers. Immunostaining confirmed layer‐specific increase of phospho‐S6 ribosomal protein in mouse M1. Similar nonuniform cDCS aftereffects on cortical excitability were also found in human neocortex in vitro and in S1 of alert mice in vivo. Application of memantine/D‐AP5 either produced a more uniform DCS‐LTD throughout the cortical thickness or at least abolished DCS‐LTP. Moreover, a combination of memantine and cDCS suppressed KA‐induced seizures.InterpretationcDCS aftereffects are not uniform throughout cortical layers, which may explain the incomplete cDCS clinical efficacy. NMDAR antagonists may augment cDCS efficacy in epilepsy and other disorders where regional depression of cortical excitability is desirable. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:489–502
A General Catalyst Based on Cobalt Core–Shell Nanoparticles for the Hydrogenation of N‐Heteroarenes Including Pyridines
Authors: Murugesan Kathiravan , Chandrashekhar Vishwas G. , Kreyenschulte Carsten , Beller Matthias , Jagadeesh Rajenahally V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis of specific silica‐supported Co/Co3O4 core–shell based nanoparticles prepared by template synthesis of cobalt‐pyromellitic acid on silica and subsequent pyrolysis. The optimal catalyst material allows for general and selective hydrogenation of pyridines, quinolines, and other heteroarenes including acridine, phenanthroline, naphthyridine, quinoxaline, imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine, and indole under comparably mild reaction conditions. In addition, recycling of these Co nanoparticles and their ability for dehydrogenation catalysis are showcased.
Thermal‐Gated Polymer Electrolytes for Smart Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Jiacai , Yao Minjie , Huang Shuo , Tian Jinlei , Niu Zhiqiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSmart self‐protection is essential for addressing safety issues of energy‐storage devices. However, conventional strategies based on sol‐gel transition electrolytes often suffer from unstable self‐recovery performance. Herein, smart separators based on thermal‐gated poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogel electrolytes were developed for rechargeable zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs). Such PNIPAM‐based separators not only display a pore structure evolution from opened to closed states, but also exhibit a surface wettability transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic behaviors when the temperature rises. This behavior can suppress the migration of electrolyte ions across the separators, realizing the self‐protection of ZIBs at high temperatures. Furthermore, the thermal‐gated behavior is highly reversible, even after multiple heating/cooling cycles, because of the reversibility of temperature‐dependent structural evolution and hydrophilic/hydrophobic transition. This work will pave the way for designing thermal‐responsive energy‐storage devices with safe and controlled energy delivery.
Impact of adolescent obesity on middle‐age health of women given data MAR
Authors: Shin Yongyun , Sun Shumei , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe analyze adolescent BMI and middle‐age systolic blood pressure (SBP) repeatedly measured on women enrolled in the Fels Longitudinal Study (FLS) between 1929 and 2010 to address three questions: Do adolescent‐specific growth rates in body mass index (BMI) and menarche affect middle‐age SBP? Do they moderate the aging effect on middle‐age SBP? Have the effects changed over historical time? To address the questions, we propose analyzing a growth curve model (GCM) that controls for age, birth‐year cohort, and historical time. However, several complications in the data make the GCM analysis nonstandard. First, the person‐specific adolescent BMI and middle‐age SBP trajectories are unobservable. Second, missing data are substantial on BMI, SBP, and menarche. Finally, modeling the latent trajectories for BMI and SBP, repeatedly measured on two distinct sets of unbalanced time points, are computationally intensive. We adopt a bivariate GCM for BMI and SBP with correlated random coefficients. To efficiently handle missing values of BMI, SBP, and menarche assumed missing at random, we estimate their joint distribution by maximum likelihood via the EM algorithm where the correlated random coefficients and menarche are multivariate normal. The estimated distribution will be transformed to the desired GCM for SBP that includes the random coefficients of BMI and menarche as covariates. We demonstrate unbiased estimation by simulation. We find that adolescent growth rates in BMI and menarche are positively associated with, and moderate, the aging effect on SBP in middle age, controlling for age, cohort, and historical time, but the effect sizes are at most modest. The aging effect is significant on SBP, controlling for cohort and historical time, but not vice versa.
Ki67 expression at Kasai portoenterostomy as a prognostic factor in patients with biliary atresia
Authors: Yoshii D , Inomata Y , Komohara Y , Shimata K , Honda M , Hayashida S , Oya Y , Yamamoto H , Yamamoto H , Sugawara Y , Hibi T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Biliary atresia is a rare paediatric biliary obliteration disease with unknown aetiology, and is the most common indication for paediatric liver transplantation (LT). However, no consensus for predicting Kasai portoenterostomy (KP) outcomes using liver histological findings exists. Ki67 is a popular biomarker for measuring and monitoring cellular proliferation.

Methods
Ki67 (clone, MIB-1) liver parenchyma expression was measured by immunohistochemical staining of samples from living donors and patients with biliary atresia to assess its value in predicting outcomes after KP.

Results
Of 35 children with biliary atresia, 13 were native liver survivors (NLS), 17 were non-NLS, and five had primary LT. The median proportion of Ki67 immunostained areas in donors and patients with biliary atresia at KP was 0·06 and 0·99 per cent respectively. Univariable analysis identified a high proportion of Ki67 areas, high Ki67 cell numbers and high Ki67-positive/leucocyte common antigen-positive cell numbers at KP as significant predictors of poor native liver survival after KP (hazard ratio 9·29, 3·37 and 12·17 respectively). The proportion of Ki67 areas in the non-NLS group was significantly higher than that in the NLS group (1·29 versus 0·72 per cent respectively; P = 0·001), and then decreased at LT (0·32 per cent versus 1·29 per cent at KP; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
This study has demonstrated the clinical data and time course of Ki67 expression in patients with biliary atresia. High Ki67 expression at KP may be an important predictor of native liver survival following the procedure.
Application of tail vein serial microsampling for plasma or dried plasma spots in toxicokinetic assessment in rats using acetaminophen as the model compound
Authors: Li Wenkui , Dugyala Ravi , Devine Patrick J. , Jardel Matthew , Doherty John , Kubek Katie , Lapadula Daniel , Flarakos Jimmy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the current study, two groups of rats (five per group) were administered a single oral dose of 500 mg/kg acetaminophen. For toxicokinetic assessment, the Group 1 animals were bled via conventional sparse (two animals/time point) sublingual vein bleeding (~0.5 ml) with anesthesia, while the Group 2 animals were bled via serial tail vein microsampling (~0.075 ml) without anesthesia. All collected blood was processed for plasma. Each Group 2 plasma sample (~30 μl) was divided into ‘wet’ and ‘dried’ (dried plasma spots). All plasma samples were analyzed by LC–MS/MS for acetaminophen and its major metabolites acetaminophen glucuronide and acetaminophen sulfate. In addition, plasma and urine samples were collected for analysis of corticosterone and creatinine to assess stress levels. Comparable plasma exposure to acetaminophen and its two metabolites was observed in the plasma obtained via conventional sparse sublingual vein bleeding and serial tail vein microsampling and between the ‘wet’ and ‘dried’ plasma obtained by the latter. Furthermore, comparable corticosterone levels or corticosterone/creatinine ratios between the two groups suggested that serial microsampling without anesthesia did not increase the levels of stress as compared with conventional sampling with anesthesia, confirming the utility of microsampling for plasma or dried plasma spots in rodent toxicokinetic assessment.
Digital signal processing course on Jupyter–Python Notebook for electronics undergraduates
Authors: Zúñiga‐López Arturo , Avilés‐Cruz Carlos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Jupyter–Python Notebook open source is currently used world‐wide as a programming environment for courses and labs. This paper describes an application of a set of Python computer programs implemented in the form of Jupyter notebooks to learn the course of digital signal processing and also seeks to contribute to the development of innovative teaching methodologies. A set of user‐friendly Jupyter notebooks workflows allows teachers–students to teach and learn theoretical concepts, description of problems, computer code, and simulation results with a graphical output. The proposed environment allows teachers/students to code their simulations in Python or Octave simulating languages. Additionally, a new approach involves student‐centered learning to teach theoretical and lab concepts.
Study of Protein Adsorption During Sterile Filtration of Protein Formulations by ILC
Authors: Haindl Susanne Maria Hilda , Doppleb Olivia , Förster Lucas , Wraage Sophia , Reiche Annette 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProtein adsorption is usually regarded as the main reason for filter fouling in sterile filtration of protein formulations. To achieve a better insight into this phenomenon, protein adsorption was studied during filtration of stabilized bovine serum albumin (BSA) and γ‐globulin formulations through 0.2‐µm microfilter membranes by inverse liquid chromatography (ILC). Adsorption processes can be studied with this method by measurement of breakthrough curves. The change of the concentration in the fluid phase is measured with high accuracy by an inline UV‐detector.