bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Stability and Microbial Biotransformation of Five Deschloroketamine Derivatives as Prerequisite for Wastewater‐Based Epidemiology Screening
Authors: Frankenfeld Fabian , Wagmann Lea , Meyer Markus R. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWastewater (WW)‐based epidemiology (WBE) is a powerful tool for screening and surveillance of drugs (of abuse) or new psychoactive substances (NPSs) in larger population. Since the drug market changes frequently, it is crucial for WBE to define screening and surveillance biomarkers considering drug metabolism and (microbial) stability. The aims of the presented work were first to identify metabolites, potentially serving as a WBE biomarker of five deschloroketamine derivatives (DCKDs) in rat feces samples after oral administration in addition to already known urinary metabolites, and second to elucidate the microbial biotransformation and WW stability of five DCKDs and their metabolites detected in urine and feces. Microbial biotransformation and stability of DCKD and their metabolites in WW were assessed by incubating parent compounds at 0.1 mg/L or rat urine or rat feces samples in freshly collected, untreated, influent WW over a period of 24 h. All samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography–high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry. All parent compounds, seven Phase I, and one Phase II metabolite were detected in rat feces samples. After WW incubations, all tested DCKD and their metabolites were still detectable at least in trace amounts, but particularly, peak areas of the Phase II N‐ and O‐glucuronides showed a markable decrease. This is in line with previous findings where Phase II conjugates were identified to be unstable in WW and thus not recommended as a WW biomarker. Hence, incubations demonstrated that the five DCKD and most of their metabolites were sufficiently stable in WW influent and can thus be used as analytical targets in the context of WBE.
Aerial Imagery Reveals Abnormal Stingray, Taeniura lymma (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae), in the Central Red Sea
Authors: Ciocănaru Ioana Andreea , Nieuwenhuis Brian Owain , Lubambo Ostrovski Raquel , Cochran Jesse E. M. , McIvor Ashlie J. , Jones Burton H. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWhile morphological abnormalities have been widely reported in batomorphs, ontogenetic deformities of the posterior pectoral fin are rare. In this paper, we present a bluespotted ribbontail ray, Taeniura lymma (Forsskål, 1775), with symmetrically deformed posterior pectoral fins. The specimen was observed through aerial imagery on a coastal sandflat in the central Red Sea (22.30° N, 39.09° E). The bilateral symmetry of the deformity indicates it likely has a genetic base. However, lacking access to the specimen, the ultimate cause of the abnormality remains uncertain. The incomplete disk closure did not seem to affect survival, as the specimen reached a disk width of 22 cm, well above the regional size at sexual maturity. Our observations constitute both the first report of a morphological abnormality in T. lymma and the first record of a batomorph with a symmetrically deformed posterior pectoral fin. In this paper, we present a bluespotted ribbontail ray, Taeniura lymma (Forsskål, 1775), with symmetrically deformed posterior pectoral fins. The specimen was observed through aerial imagery on a coastal sandflat in the central Red Sea (22.30° N, 39.09° E). Our observations constitute both the first report of a morphological abnormality in T. lymma and the first record of a batomorph with a symmetrically deformed posterior pectoral fin.
Runners with a high body mass index and previous running‐related problems is a high‐risk population for sustaining a new running‐related injury: A 18‐month cohort study
Authors: Lindman Ida , Abrahamson Josefin , Nielsen Rasmus O. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh body mass index (BMI) and a previous running‐related injury (RRI) have been highlighted as two risk factors for sustaining an RRI. However, a critical gap exists in the knowledge of whether runners with both elevated BMI and a previous RRI constitute a particularly vulnerable subgroup in terms of susceptibility to new RRIs. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate if those with high BMI and a concomitant history of running‐related problems in the past 3 months were more prone to sustain a new RRI compared with runners with normal BMI and without previous running‐related problems. This study was part of the “Garmin‐RUNSAFE Running Health Study,” an 18‐month cohort study. The runners completed a baseline questionnaire containing questions regarding demographic data and previous running‐related problems and were asked to continuously track their running activities. The exposure were dichotomized into “no previous running‐related problem” or “previous running‐related problem,” and each group was further categorized into four subgroups depending on BMI. Time‐to‐event analysis was used to estimate the cumulative incidence risk difference (cIRD). The results highlight those with a BMI >30 kg/m2 with a previous running‐related problem to face the highest injury risk of 71%, whereas those with a BMI between 19 and 25 kg/m2 without a previous running‐related problem had the lowest injury risk of 43% corresponding to a cIRD of 28% [95% CI: 19%; 36%]. This result highlights those with high BMI and previous running‐related problems as a high‐risk subpopulation that would benefit from interventions of preventing running‐related injuries.
A Novel Image‐Based Assessment for Pork Quality Classification via Electrochemical Impedance Combined With Sensory Evaluation
Authors: Mao Yuezhong , Yan Chuanyong , Liu Xiaotong , Shi Shuangni , Qin Yumei , Tian Shiyi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRapid detection of pork quality has garnered increasing attention due to its status as one of the most widely consumed meats in the world. This study developed an electrochemical impedance combined with sensory evaluation method to achieve real‐time imaging and quality assessment of pork. The optimal parameters for pork detection were determined through system performance tests and a Design of Experiment, which included the use of an adjacent excitation pattern, an excitation current of 15 mA at 10 kHz, a detector diameter of 5 cm, and stainless‐steel electrodes embedded in the pork. This method facilitated real‐time imaging, evaluated the distribution of lean and fat, and accurately distinguished different qualities, demonstrating strong correlation with sensory assessments. Furthermore, it could assess pork with varying levels of freshness, achieving a distinguishing index of 99.93. Hence, this approach holds promising potential for applications in the domain of meat quality assessment.
Monocyte‐Derived Macrophages Induce Alveolar Macrophages Death via TNF‐α in Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Xiao Junjie , Hou Fei , Wang Huan , Wang Ruixuan , Liu Ying , Wu Xiayan , Xie Lixin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionAcute lung injury (ALI) and its subsequent progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are severe respiratory conditions. They are marked by rapid lung function deterioration and extensive pulmonary inflammation, often resulting in critical patient outcomes. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) and monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDMs) are two distinct subsets of lung macrophages present in the alveoli during ALI. Both are critical mediators of pulmonary inflammation. Our study examined the interplay between AMs and MDMs in the inflammatory environment of ALI/ARDS.MethodsMice were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish ALI models. The lung tissues of mice were subjected to hematoxylin‐eosin staining to observe the degree of tissue damage. In vivo, CCR2‐deficient mice or depleting peripheral blood mononuclear cells by clodronate liposomes were used to reduce MDMs recruitment. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) supernatants were used for cytokine and total protein analyses. AMs and MDMs in the BALF were analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of AMs death were determined through propidium iodide staining and measured by flow cytometry. In vitro, primary AMs were exposed to MDM‐conditioned medium or TNF‐α, and their death levels were assessed under a fluorescence microscope with propidium iodide staining.ResultsAMs significantly decrease in number and undergo extensive cell death during ALI. The reduced MDMs recruitment can increase the number of AMs, reduce AMs death, and alleviate lung injury. In vitro, MDM‐conditioned medium can induce AMs death and TNF‐α is one of the major secretions. It indicates that TNF‐α stimulation in vitro promotes AMs death. In vivo, MDMs are identified as the primary cells secreting TNF‐α. Additionally, the treatment with TNF‐α antagonists can reduce AMs death and the severity of lung injury.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that MDMs contribute to AMs death during ALI through TNF‐α. Targeting TNF‐α may offer a therapeutic strategy to mitigate AMs death and lung injury in ALI/ARDS.
N6‐Methyladenosine Modification on the Function of Female Reproductive Development and Related Diseases
Authors: Cui Xiangrong , Li Huihui , Huang Xia , Xue Tingting , Wang Shu , Zhu Xinyu , Jing Xuan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a widespread and reversible epigenetic alteration in eukaryotic mRNA, playing a pivotal role in various biological functions. Its significance in female reproductive development and associated diseases has recently become a focal point of research.ObjectiveThis review aims to consolidate current knowledge of the role of m6A modification in female reproductive tissues, emphasizing its regulatory dynamics, functional significance, and implications in reproductive health and disease.MethodsA comprehensive analysis of recent studies focusing on m6A modification in ovarian development, oocyte maturation, embryo development, and the pathogenesis of reproductive diseases.Resultsm6A modification exhibits dynamic regulation in female reproductive tissues, influencing key developmental stages and processes. It plays critical roles in ovarian development, oocyte maturation, and embryo development, underpinning essential aspects of reproductive health. m6A modification is intricately involved in the pathogenesis of several reproductive diseases, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure (POF), and endometriosis, offering insights into potential molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.ConclusionThe review highlights the crucial role of m6A modification in female reproductive development and related diseases. It underscores the need for further research to explore innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for reproductive disorders, leveraging the insights gained from understanding m6A modification's impact on reproductive health.
Glucocorticoid promotes metastasis of colorectal cancer via co‐regulation of glucocorticoid receptor and TET2
Authors: Song Yanwei , Ren Shuqiang , Wu Shumei , Liu Weidong , Hu Chenghao , Feng Siting , Chen Xinyu , Tu Rui , Gao Fei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GCs), commonly used for anti‐inflammatory and cancer treatments, have been linked to the promotion of cancer metastasis. Yet, the molecular mechanisms behind this potential remain poorly understood. Clarifying these mechanisms is crucial for a nuanced understanding and potential refinement of GC therapies in the context of cancer treatment. In HEK293T cells, co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP‐seq) were used with antibodies of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and ten‐eleven translocation enzymes (TET) family proteins (TET1, TET2, TET3). Drug repositioning was performed through the Connectivity Map database, using common target genes of GR and TET2 in HEK293 and HCT116 cell lines and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of colorectal cancer (CRC). Cell migration and invasion were tested in CRC cell lines with varying GR expression, that is, HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. Dexamethasone (Dex) treatment resulted in a significant difference in cell migration rates in two CRC cell lines with disparate GR expression levels. Co‐IP and ChIP‐seq analyses substantiated the interaction between GR and TET family proteins in HEK293T cells. Belinostat, the selected compound, was successfully validated for its potential to counteract the effects of GC‐induced invasion in CRC cells in vitro. Transcriptomic analyses of Belinostat‐treated HCT116 cells revealed down‐regulation of target genes associated with cancer metastasis. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying GC‐induced metastasis, introducing newly repositioned compounds that could serve as potential adjuvant therapy to GC treatment. Furthermore, it opens avenues for exploring novel drug candidates for CRC treatment.
Effective Targeting of Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells by Inducing Differentiation Mediated by Low‐Dose Vitamin C via β‐Catenin Retention in the Cell Membrane
Authors: Shanavas Shanooja , Sen Utsav , Banerjee Rajkumar , Shenoy P. Sudheer , Bose Bipasha 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCancer stem cells (CSCs) are implicated as the underlying cause of tumor recurrence due to their refractoriness to conventional therapies. Targeting CSCs through novel approaches can hinder their survival and proliferation, potentially reducing the challenges associated with tumor relapse. Our previous study demonstrated that colorectal cancer stem cells (CR‐CSCs) showed sensitivity to Vitamin C (Vit C), displaying a dose‐responsive effect where low doses (2–10 µM) promoted cell proliferation while high doses induced cell death. In this study, we unraveled the mechanistic effects of low doses that, although induced proliferation, remarkably facilitated stemness reduction in HT‐29 cell line‐derived CR‐CSCs. Our findings revealed that Vit C doses of 2 and 6 µM resulted in a reduction in stemness as evidenced by a reduced CD44+ cell population, representing CR‐CSCs. The key finding was the remarkable increase in the expression of β‐catenin protein following low‐dose Vit C treatment, despite a reduction in stemness, accompanied by a mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET). The sequestration of upregulated β‐catenin via E‐cadherin to the cell membrane was identified as a mechanism for reduced stemness, MET, and differentiation of CR‐CSCs. Importantly, the epithelial phenotype induced by low‐dose Vit C rendered CR‐CSCs sensitive to conventional treatments, enhancing chemosensitivity to Cisplatin, Paclitaxel, and 5‐Fluorouracil by 60%–90%. These findings suggest that low dose Vit C could serve as an adjuvant to conventional therapeutic strategies for targeting advanced colorectal cancer by sensitizing CR‐CSCs to chemotherapy and potentially reducing tumor recurrence.
Why Super Typhoon Occurrence Over the Western North Pacific Ocean Tends to be More in Autumn Than Summer
Authors: Feng Zhiming , Yao Xiuping , Liao Chenfei , Ma Jiali , Pan Ning , Lin Yanluan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBased on the tropical cyclone (TC) best‐track datasets from the China Meteorological Administration during 1949–2020 and the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) datasets, we investigate the characteristics of super typhoons (SuperTYs) over the western North Pacific (WNP) and associated mechanism in this study. The results show that SuperTYs are prone to occur in autumn over the WNP, nearly 30% of the autumn TCs develop into SuperTYs, and autumn SuperTYs account for more than half of the annual total. This is due to both favourable oceanic and atmospheric conditions. In southeastern WNP, the sea surface temperature (SST) in autumn is higher than that in summer, inducing zonal circulation anomalies and enhancing low‐level westerlies. Consequently, the monsoon trough strengthens and extends eastward, favouring enhanced autumn typhoon occurrence in the southeastern WNP. This southeastward shift facilitates TCs to remain over the warm ocean for a longer period and makes them more prone to develop into SuperTYs. Furthermore, TCs tend to take westward‐moving tracks in autumn due to stronger easterly steering flows compared with summer, resulting in more TCs passing over the South China Sea (SCS) to the east of the Philippines where the vertical wind shear (VWS) is relatively weaker and prone to develop into superTYs.
Holistic Comparison of the Lipidomes Simultaneously From 12 Panax Herbal Medicines By Ultra‐High‐Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Coupled With Ion Mobility‐Quadrupole Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hong Lili , Wang Yu , Wang Simiao , Xiong Ying , Xu Bei , Chen Qinhua , Yang Yang , Ding Mengxiang , Wang Hongda , Yang Wenzhi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTResearches regarding quality control of ginseng focusing on the lipids are rare. Herein, ultra‐high‐performance supercritical fluid chromatography/ion mobility‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPSFC/IM‐QTOF‐MS) combined with untargeted metabolomic analysis was utilized to holistically characterize and compare the lipidomic difference among 12 Panax‐derived herbal medicines. The established UHPSFC/IM‐QTOF‐MS method, using a Torus 1‐AA column with CO2/CH3OH (modifier) as the mobile phase, well resolved the ginseng lipidome within 30 min. The lipid isomers and those easily co‐eluted by conventional reversed‐phase chromatography got separated, and integrated analyses of the positive‐/negative‐mode MS data and IM‐derived collision cross section (CCS) greatly enhanced lipids identification. By the pattern recognition chemometric analysis of 90 batches of ginseng samples, the root ginseng samples showed significant differences in lipidome composition from those stem/leaf and flower samples. In contrast, red ginseng also contained lipids significantly different from the other root ginseng. Totally 82 potential differential lipids were discovered and identified based on the positive‐mode data and 90 ones in the negative mode. Some of these lipid markers might be diagnostic for their authentication. Conclusively, we first report the lipidomic difference among 12 ginseng varieties, and the information obtained can lay foundation for the accurate identification of ginseng from the lipidome level.
Epistaxis Risk in Patients Treated With Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Versus Oral Anticoagulation
Authors: Mandloi Shreya , Nunes Kathryn , Sina Elliott M. , Benedict Peter A. , Kahn Chase , Duffy Alexander , Shing Samuel R. , Urdang Zachary D. , Rosen Marc , Toskala Elina , Rabinowitz Mindy R. , Nyquist Gurston G. 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionAnticoagulants (AC) are associated with epistaxis in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is a treatment that allows AF patients to stop AC. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk of developing epistaxis following LAAO versus direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) and warfarin.MethodsThis study uses the TriNetX database as well as institutional records. The TriNetX database was searched for AF patients on a DOAC, warfarin, or treated with LAAO. Epistaxis odds ratios were compared 1 day–6 months and 6 months–3 years following initiation of DOAC, warfarin, or LAAO. Records of LAAO patients at our institution were also reviewed.ResultsThe TriNetX query returned 1,185,862 patients. On TriNetX, LAAO patients had significantly higher odds of epistaxis likely due to antiplatelet therapy from 1 day–6 months compared to warfarin patients with DOAC patients (p < 0.0001). From 6 months–3 years after treatment initiation, LAAO patients experience reduced odds of epistaxis and epistaxis requiring nasal packing compared to warfarin patients (OR: 0.69 p = 0.0003; OR: 0.58 p = 0.0043). Institutionally, epistaxis resolved in 66% (8/12) LAAO patients with a history of epistaxis with an average follow‐up of 1.5 years.DiscussionLAAO decreased the frequency of epistaxis and epistaxis requiring nasal packing in AF patients on warfarin after 6 months. Our institutional experience demonstrates long‐term improvement in epistaxis after LAAO for DOAC and warfarin patients. Additional studies need to be performed to account for dual antiplatelet following LAAO on epistaxis risk.Level of EvidenceLevel 3 Laryngoscope, 2024
Indications of recovery of anadromous fishes in a mid-Atlantic estuary of North America: Spatial and seasonal patterns near a dam
Authors: Keller David H. , Rohrback Colin R. , Morrill Daniel P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
Rivers on the east coast of North America once supported vast runs of anadromous fishes, such as Blueback Herring Alosa aestivalis and American Shad A. sapidissima. Declines in runs were attributed to, in part, dams and poor water quality that have since been improved by fishways and improvements to wastewater treatment, respectively. The goal of this study was to determine the status of anadromous fishes upstream and downstream of a dam in a heavily urbanized tributary that has undergone improvements in fish passage and water quality.

Methods
We used boat electrofishing to index fish densities during the spring and summer over 2 years.

Result
We found a substantial run of anadromous Blueback Herring, a species that was extirpated in the 1970s but observed in low numbers in the 1990s and early 2000s. We also found a general pattern of decreasing densities of Blueback Herring and Striped Bass Morone saxatilis upstream of the dam than downstream, suggesting that the dam remains a major impediment to the full recovery of Blueback Herring and other anadromous fishes despite a fish ladder being installed in 1998.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that highly urbanized rivers, such as the Cooper River, can and in some cases do support substantial runs of anadromous fishes. It is important that urban waters be considered for restoration efforts such as improved fish passage to increase access to historical spawning grounds if these fisheries are to recover. Continued monitoring of urbanized streams and tidewater is needed to better describe the long-term responses of anadromous fishes to efforts that ameliorate threats caused by urbanization.

Impact statement In a highly urbanized river, we found a substantial run of anadromous Blueback Herring, a species that was extirpated in the 1970s but observed in low numbers in the 1990s and early 2000s. The increased numbers of Blueback Herring and other anadromous fishes corresponds to improvements in water quality and fish passage over a 50-year period.
Study of Asymmetric Face Failure and Limit Support Pressure During Curved Tunnels Excavation in Sandy Soils
Authors: Zhang Mengxi , Zhang Xue 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWith the continuous urban development, tunnels are increasingly designed with curved alignments to avoid existing structures and to make better use of the underground space. However, these tunnels are usually subjected to complex forces, and current research on the curved tunnels face stability remains incomplete. This paper presents a detailed face stability analysis of curved tunnels, both analytically and numerically. Initially, a series of 3‐D numerical simulations are performed to investigate the spatially asymmetric failure pattern of the soil ahead of the curved tunnel face and the stress transfer mechanism of the soil arching effect during the excavation process is explored. Subsequently, based on traditional limit equilibrium methods and the results from numerical simulations, an improved wedge‐prism model and corresponding theoretical calculation formulas for the limit support pressure are proposed. The validity of the improved model is confirmed through illustrative analyses, while sensitivity analyses are conducted on the impacts of soil internal friction angle, structural depth ratio, and tunnel curvature radius on the limit support pressure. This study can aid in the calculation of the stability of the tunnel face and the limit support pressure in curved tunnel excavation.