bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precise determination of αs from relativistic quarkonium sum rules
Authors: Boito Diogo , Mateu Vicent 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We determine the strong coupling αs(mZ ) from dimensionless ratios of roots of moments of the charm- and bottom-quark vector and charm pseudo-scalar correlators, dubbed $$ {R}_q^{X,n}\equiv \left({M}_q^{X,n}\right)\frac{1}{n}/{\left({M}_q^{X,n+1}\right)}^{\frac{1}{n+1}}, $$

R
q

X
,
n

≡

M
q

X
,
n

1
n

/

M
q

X
,
n
+
1

1

n
+
1

,
with X = V, P , as well as from the 0-th moment of the charm pseudo-scalar correlator, $$ {M}_c^{P,0}. $$

M
c

P
,
0

.
In the quantities we use, the mass dependence is very weak, entering only logarithmically, starting at 𝒪$$ \left({\alpha}_s^2\right). $$

α
s
2

.
We carefully study all sources of uncertainties, paying special attention to truncation errors, and making sure that order-by-order convergence is maintained by our choice of renormalization scale variation. In the computation of the experimental uncertainty for the moment ratios, the correlations among individual moments are properly taken into account. Additionally, in the perturbative contributions to experimental vector-current moments, αs(mZ) is kept as a free parameter such that our extraction of the strong coupling is unbiased and based only on experimental data. The most precise extraction of αs from vector correlators comes from the ratio of the charm-quark moments $$ {R}_c^{V,2} $$

R
c

V
,
2

and reads αs(mZ) = 0.1168±0.0019, as we have recently discussed in a companion letter. From bottom moments, using the ratio $$ {R}_c^{V,2} $$

R
c

V
,
2

, we find αs (mZ) = 0.1186±0.0048. Our results from the lattice pseudo-scalar charm correlator agree with the central values of previous determinations, but have larger uncertainties due to our more conservative study of the perturbative error. Averaging the results obtained from various lattice inputs for the n = 0 moment we find αs(mZ) = 0.1177±0.0020. Combining experimental and lattice information on charm correlators into a single fit we obtain αs(mZ) = 0.1170±0.0014, which is the main result of this article.
Examining two sets of introgression lines across multiple environments reveals background-independent and stably expressed quantitative trait loci of fiber quality in cotton
Authors: Shi Yuzhen , Liu Aiying , Li Junwen , Zhang Jinfa , Li Shaoqi , Zhang Jinfeng , Ma Liujun , He Rui , Song Weiwu , Guo Lixue , Lu Quanwei , Xiang Xianghui , Gong Wankui , Gong Juwu , Ge Qun , Shang Haihong , Deng Xiaoying , Pan Jingtao , Yuan Youlu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractKey messageBackground-independent (BI) and stably expressed (SE) quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified using two sets of introgression lines across multiple environments. Genetic background more greatly affected fiber quality traits than environmental factors. Sixty-one SE-QTLs, including two BI-QTLs, were novel and 48 SE-QTLs, including seven BI-QTLs, were previously reported.AbstractCotton fiber quality traits are controlled by QTLs and are susceptible to environmental influence. Fiber quality improvement is an essential goal in cotton breeding but is hindered by limited knowledge of the genetic basis of fiber quality traits. In this study, two sets of introgression lines ofGossypium hirsutum × G. barbadensewere used to dissect the QTL stability of three fiber quality traits (fiber length, strength and micronaire) across environments using 551 simple sequence repeat markers selected from our high-density genetic map. A total of 76 and 120 QTLs were detected in the CCRI36 and CCRI45 backgrounds, respectively. Nine BI-QTLs were found, and 78 (41.71%) of the detected QTLs were reported previously. Thirty-nine and 79 QTLs were SE-QTLs in at least two environments in the CCRI36 and CCRI45 backgrounds, respectively. Forty-eight SE-QTLs, including seven BI-QTLs, were confirmed in previous reports, and 61 SE-QTLs, including two BI-QTLs, were considered novel. These results indicate that genetic background more strongly impacts on fiber quality traits than environmental factors. Twenty-three clusters with BI- and/or SE-QTLs were identified, 19 of which harbored favorable alleles fromG. barbadensefor two or three fiber quality traits. This study is the first report using two sets of introgression lines to identify fiber quality QTLs across environments in cotton, providing insights into the effect of genetic backgrounds and environments on the QTL expression of fiber quality and important information for the genetic basis underlying fiber quality traits toward QTL cloning and molecular breeding.
Epigenetic modulation in chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Dandri Maura 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe human hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a small-enveloped DNA virus causing acute and chronic hepatitis. Despite the existence of an effective prophylactic vaccine and the strong capacity of approved antiviral drugs to suppress viral replication, chronic HBV infection (CHB) continues to be a major health burden worldwide. Both the inability of the immune system to resolve CHB and the unique replication strategy employed by HBV, which forms a stable viral covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) minichromosome in the hepatocyte nucleus, enable infection persistence. Knowledge of the complex network of interactions that HBV engages with its host is still limited but accumulating evidence indicates that epigenetic modifications occurring both on the cccDNA and on the host genome in the course of infection are essential to modulate viral activity and likely contribute to pathogenesis and cancer development. Thus, a deeper understanding of epigenetic regulatory processes may open new venues to control and eventually cure CHB. This review summarizes major findings in HBV epigenetic research, focusing on the epigenetic mechanisms regulating cccDNA activity and the modifications determined in infected host cells and tumor liver tissues.
Complex microsurgical perineal reconstruction after resection of a giant verrucous carcinoma associated with anal fistulas in Crohn’s disease—a unique case report
Authors: Ehrl Denis , Rentsch Markus , Moellhoff Nicholas , Wachtel Nikolaus 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder which leads to anorectal fistulas. In rare cases, patients develop anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) within these lesions. There is limited literature regarding ASCC in patients with CD. Here, we report on a unique case of advanced verrucous carcinoma (VC), a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma, developing on the grounds of extensive chronic anorectal fistulas in CD.

Methods and results
A 54-year-old male patient with a 20-year history of CD presented with a large inflammatory tumor at the perineal region with multiple discharging perianal fistulas. Histopathological analysis of the perineal mass revealed a VC. Subsequent surgery with radical tumor resection and terminal colostomy resulted in a large perineal cavity and a partially exposed sacrum. The defect extended to a total of 35 × 25 × 25 cm. Reconstruction was achieved through a two-step approach. A first surgical step established an arteriovenous (AV) loop in the upper thigh. Subsequently, a free latissimus dorsi (LD) myocutaneous flap was harvested and anastomosed with the AV loop, allowing for satisfactory closure of the defect and reconstruction of the perianal and perineal region.

Conclusion
Radical surgical excision with negative margins is the therapy of choice for VC. This case report demonstrates a curative treatment option with special emphasis on the reconstructive possibilities of a unique case of extended perianal and perineal VC associated with chronic anorectal fistulas in CD.
EO-MTRNN: evolutionary optimization of hyperparameters for a neuro-inspired computational model of spatiotemporal learning
Authors: Wieser Erhard , Cheng Gordon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor spatiotemporal learning with neural networks, hyperparameters are often set manually by a human expert. This is especially the case with multiple timescale networks that require a careful setting of the values of timescales in order to learn spatiotemporal data. However, this implies a cumbersome trial-and-error process until suitable parameters are found and it reduces the long-term autonomy of artificial agents, such as robots that are controlled by multiple timescale networks. To solve the problem, we propose theevolutionary optimized multiple timescale recurrent neural network(EO-MTRNN) that is inspired by the neural plasticity of the human cortex. Our proposed network uses a method of evolutionary optimization to adjust its timescales and to rewire itself in terms of number of neurons and synapses. Moreover, it does not require additional neural networks for pre- and postprocessing input–output data. We validate our EO-MTRNN by applying it to a proposed benchmark training dataset with single and multiple sequence training cases, as well as by applying it to sensory-motor data from a robot. We compare different configuration modes of the network, and we compare the learning performance between a network configuration with manually set hyperparameters and a configuration with automatically estimated hyperparameters. The results show that automatically estimated hyperparameters yield approximately 43% better performance than manually estimated ones, without overfitting the given teaching data. We also validate the generalization ability by successfully learning data that were not included in the hyperparameter estimation process.
Treffpunkt Gaststätte – warum sich Kommunen stärker um ihre Kneipen und Restaurants kümmern sollten
Authors: Franz Martin 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Struktur‑, Format- und Standortwandel von Gaststätten in Deutschland wird bislang in der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion ebenso weitgehend vernachlässigt wie in der praktischen Arbeit in Wirtschaftsförderung, Stadtmarketing und Stadtentwicklung. Dabei haben z. B. der Rückzug von Unternehmen der Gastronomie aus der Fläche, die Ausbreitung von Gaststätten in den Fußgängerzonen und die Zunahme der Systemgastronomie durchaus einen prägenden Einfluss auf die Stadtentwicklung und die Attraktivität von Standorten für Unternehmen und Bewohnerschaft. Der Artikel stellt den Wandel der Gaststätten in Deutschland dar und identifiziert verschiedene Aspekte der Bedeutung von Gaststätten für die Entwicklung von Innenstädten und Stadtteilen. Dies beinhaltet die Bedeutung für Kommunikation, Identifikation, Image und sozialen Zusammenhalt ebenso wie direkte und indirekte wirtschaftliche Effekte. Es wird argumentiert, dass sich Wirtschaftsförderung, Stadtmarketing und Stadtentwicklung stärker mit der Entwicklung der Gaststätten beschäftigen sollten. Grundlagen des Artikels sind eine Literaturauswertung und qualitative Interviews mit verschiedenen Akteuren der Gastronomiebranche sowie aus Wirtschaftsförderung und Stadtmarketing.
Summer temperature extremes in Europe: how does the definition affect the results?
Authors: Sulikowska Agnieszka , Wypych Agnieszka 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNearly every study dealing with temperature extremes underscores the lack of a universal and broadly used method of identifying such events. The most popular are relative methods, which are based on the empirical distribution of temperature at each location (i.e., percentiles). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the various percentile-based methods of defining hot days on the analysis of their frequency of occurrence, trends, and geographic patterns in summer in Europe. The basis for the research consists of daily maximum (TX) and minimum (TN) values of air temperature for 1961–2017 for Europe obtained from the E-OBS database. A hot day occurs when air temperature exceeds the 90th percentile–based threshold. These thresholds are determined using the following: (I) various temperature metrics (TX and TN), (II) various baseline periods (1961–1990, 1971–2000, 1981–2010), and (III) different timeframes within the year that the percentile is calculated for (summer season, separate summer months, and each calendar day). Our results indicate that the use of different variants of the percentile-based definition leads to differences in the geographic patterns of frequencies of and trends in summer hot days in Europe. The differences are especially substantial within the results obtained using various temperature metrics and baseline periods, and they are relatively small when different timeframes within the year that the percentile is calculated for are considered. On the example of the case study, we also show how the use of different research approaches may affect the intensity and spatial extent of an extreme temperature event.
CoHEARence of audible shapes—a qualitative user study for coherent visual audio design with resynthesized shapes
Authors: Engeln Lars , Groh Rainer 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOne way to achieve an intuitive sound design are visual approaches for synthesis and sound collages. Therefore, during spectral synthesis and editing, the sound is designed in a visualization of the frequency domain. In order to create a coherent workflow between visuals and the resulting audio, the stimuli should be matched to each other. In this work, a qualitative user study is presented, which is supposed to show the intuitive understanding from the shape to the sound. The shape is hereby the spectral envelope. The general aim is to find out whether there is a connection between the visual shape and the subsequent auditory impression.
Effects of training on truck drivers’ interaction with cyclists in a right turn
Authors: Kircher Katja , Ahlström Christer , Ihlström Jonas , Ljokkoi Tatu , Culshaw John 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith encounters between trucks and cyclists still being a major safety issue and physical as well as technological improvements far from ubiquitous implementation, training truck drivers in anticipatory driving to improve their interaction with cyclists may be a way forward. After a baseline drive in an urban environment, truck drivers inexperienced with urban driving received a dedicated training on anticipatory driving, followed by another drive along the same route several weeks later. The drivers were also interviewed about their opinion about the training. The drivers’ behaviour changed from before to after training, resulting in a better speed management in general, and a more intensive monitoring of the cyclists. There were also some improvements with respect to the placement in relation to the cyclist, but this effect was limited mainly because truck drivers performed well already before the training. The observed results correspond well to the opinions and feelings about the training that were reported by the drivers in the interview. Thus, driver training can possibly be one contributor to an increase in safety in urban areas.
Persistence of avian carcasses on sandy beaches and marsh edges in the northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Varela Veronica W. , Zimmerman Guthrie S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs part of the natural resource damage assessment for the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, a mathematical model was used to estimate the total number of bird carcasses deposited on shorelines based on the number of carcasses collected and adjustment factors such as detection probability and carcass persistence. Studies of carcass persistence occurred along sandy beaches and marsh edges in the northern Gulf of Mexico to obtain site-specific inputs for the model. We estimated persistence rates for these habitat types and evaluated the influence on persistence of carcass size, location of the carcass on the beach, dominant vegetation type in the marsh, carcass distance into marsh vegetation, and length of time a carcass was stranded on a shoreline. The length of time stranded had the greatest influence on persistence in both habitat types, with persistence initially relatively low and increasing logarithmically. Carcass size and position were weakly influential on sandy beaches. Carcass size had stronger influences along marsh edges, and marsh habitat type also affected persistence. We found evidence of a positive relationship between distance into the marsh and persistence during the first 24 h after carcass deployment.
Geographic Proximity to Parents, Intergenerational Support Exchange, and Migration Within Germany
Authors: Hünteler Bettina , Mulder Clara H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrevious research on internal migration has emphasised the importance of local ties to family members outside the household, and to parents in particular. Family members who live close to an individual’s place of residence represent a form of local social capital that could make migrating costlier, and therefore less likely. This idea has been empirically supported. Yet, how family ties bind remains largely unexplained. We assume that intergenerational support is a manifestation of local social capital, and that spatial proximity is needed for support to be exchanged. Thus, we used mediation analysis that includes explicit measures of support exchanges between parents and their adult–children born in 1971–1973, 1981–1983, and 1991–1993 to explain the binding effect of living close to parents. Logistic regression models of migrating a distance of more than 40 km were conducted using eight waves of the German pairfam data. Living close to one’s parents was indeed found to be negatively associated with the likelihood of migration, and part of this association could be explained through intergenerational support: the more the instrumental support an adult child exchanged with her/his parent, the less likely she/he was to migrate. Receiving emotional support from the parents was associated with an increase in migration propensity. Neither giving emotional help nor receiving help with childcare functioned as mediators. It thus appears that adult children are particularly likely to value the proximity of their parents when they are exchanging instrumental support, but that the emotional bond between adult children and their parents can often be maintained over longer distances.
Representation of Hamilton–Jacobi Equation in Optimal Control Theory with Unbounded Control Set
Authors: Misztela Arkadiusz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study the existence of sufficiently regular representations of Hamilton–Jacobi equations in the optimal control theory with unbounded control set. We use a new method to construct representations for a wide class of Hamiltonians. This class is wider than any constructed before, because we do not require Legendre–Fenchel conjugates of Hamiltonians to be bounded. However, in this case we obtain representations with unbounded control set. We apply the obtained results to study regularities of value functions and correlations between variational and optimal control problems.
Heat transfer and hydrodynamics of slip confusor flow under second-order boundary conditions
Authors: Avramenko A. A. , Dmitrenko N. P. , Shevchuk I. V. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe paper focused on an analytical analysis of the main features of heat transfer in incompressible steady-state flow in a microconfusor with account for the second-order slip boundary conditions. The second-order boundary conditions serve as a closure of a system of the continuity, transport, and energy differential equations. As a result, novel solutions were obtained for the velocity and temperature profiles, as well as for the friction coefficient and the Nusselt number. These solutions demonstrated that an increase in the Knudsen number leads to a decrease in the Nusselt number. It was shown that the account for the second-order terms in the boundary conditions noticeably affects the fluid flow characteristics and does not influence on the heat transfer characteristics. It was also revealed that flow slippage effects on heat transfer weaken with an increase in the Prandtl number.
Hepcidin secretion was not directly proportional to intracellular iron-loading in recombinant-TfR1 HepG2 cells: short communication
Authors: Mehta Kosha J. , Busbridge Mark , Patel Vinood B. , Farnaud Sebastien Je. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHepcidin is the master regulator of systemic iron homeostasis and its dysregulation is observed in several chronic liver diseases. Unlike the extracellular iron-sensing mechanisms, the intracellular iron-sensing mechanisms in the hepatocytes that lead to hepcidin induction and secretion are incompletely understood. Here, we aimed to understand the direct role of intracellular iron-loading on hepcidin mRNA and peptide secretion using our previously characterised recombinant HepG2 cells that over-express the cell-surface iron-importer protein transferrin receptor-1. Gene expression of hepcidin (HAMP) was determined by real-time PCR. Intracellular iron levels and secreted hepcidin peptide levels were measured by ferrozine assay and immunoassay, respectively. These measurements were compared in the recombinant and wild-type HepG2 cells under basal conditions at 30 min, 2 h, 4 h and 24 h. Data showed that in the recombinant cells, intracellular iron content was higher than wild-type cells at 30 min (3.1-fold, p < 0.01), 2 h (4.6-fold, p < 0.01), 4 h (4.6-fold, p < 0.01) and 24 h (1.9-fold, p < 0.01). Hepcidin (HAMP) mRNA expression was higher than wild-type cells at 30 min (5.9-fold; p = 0.05) and 24 h (6.1-fold; p < 0.03), but at 4 h, the expression was lower than that in wild-type cells (p < 0.05). However, hepcidin secretion levels in the recombinant cells were similar to those in wild-type cells at all time-points, except at 4 h, when the level was lower than wild-type cells (p < 0.01). High intracellular iron in recombinant HepG2 cells did not proportionally increase hepcidin peptide secretion. This suggests a limited role of elevated intracellular iron in hepcidin secretion.
Post-test analysis of the LAPCAT-II subscale scramjet
Authors: Karl Sebastian , Martinez Schramm Jan , Hannemann Klaus 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA subscale flight experiment configuration propelled by a Mach 8 supersonic combustion ramjet (scramjet) was designed within the framework of the European Commission co-funded Long Term Advanced Propulsion Concepts and Technologies II project. The focus of this design exercise was to verify by ground testing the ability of the proposed scramjet engine to produce adequate thrust for hypersonic level flight. Experiments performed in DLR’s High Enthalpy Shock Tunnel Göttingen confirmed precedent CFD predictions of the total thrust and demonstrated the operability of the vehicle. Yet, significant discrepancies between the CFD analyses, which were performed to design the vehicle, and subsequent detailed measurements of the pressure distribution in the combustor were observed and could not be resolved so far. This paper focuses on a further analysis of these residual discrepancies. It was found that the CFD predictions of the combustor pressure distribution are sensitive to the configuration of the intake boundary layer. Particularly, different assumptions for the location of the laminar to turbulent boundary layer transition strongly influence cross-flow structures which develop on the intake and which are able to trigger different combustion modes in the combustor. While the effect on total vehicle performance remains limited, a significant impact on the structure and magnitude of the surface pressure distribution was observed. i.e., the large combustor peak pressures, which occur in the experiment, can be explained by the occurrence of a strong shock train in the vicinity of the combustor wall.