bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiative seesaw corrections and charged-lepton decays in a model with soft flavour violation
Authors: Aeikens E. H. , Ferreira P. M. , Grimus W. , Jurčiukonis D. , Lavoura L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We consider the one-loop radiative corrections to the light-neutrino mass matrix and their consequences for the predicted branching ratios of the five lepton-flavour-violating decays $$ {\mathrm{\ell}}_1^{-}\to {\mathrm{\ell}}_2^{-}{\mathrm{\ell}}_3^{+}{\mathrm{\ell}}_3^{-} $$

ℓ
1
−

→

ℓ
2
−

ℓ
3
+

ℓ
3
−

in a two-Higgs-doublet model furnished with the type-I seesaw mechanism and soft lepton-flavour violation. We find that the radiative corrections are very significant; they may alter the predicted branching ratios by several orders of magnitude and, in particular, they may help explain why BR (μ− → e−e+e−) is strongly suppressed relative to the branching ratios of the decays of the τ−. We conclude that, in any serious numerical assessment of the predictions of this model, it is absolutely necessary to take into account the one-loop radiative corrections to the light-neutrino mass matrix.
Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy: course of disease in consideration of idebenone treatment and type of mutation
Authors: Tonagel Felix , Wilhelm Helmut , Richter Paul , Kelbsch Carina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In September 2015, the first and so far only medication for treatment of Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) was approved in the EU. The drug in question is idebenone (©Raxone) and has been given to all newly diagnosed patients of the University Eye Hospital Tuebingen since the approval of the drug. The aim of the study was to find out whether regular administration of the drug led to an improvement in vision. We retrospectively examined 2 cohorts of consecutive patients with newly occurred visual impairment and LHON diagnosis: One with the initial diagnosis made from January 2010 until April 2014 and a second from October 2015 until January 2020.

Methods
Retrospective, observational cohort study. All electronic medical files of newly diagnosed and genetically confirmed LHON patients of the University Eye Hospital Tuebingen from January 2010 until April 2014 (cohort 1) and October 2015 until January 2020 (cohort 2) with at least 12 months of follow-up examinations have been analyzed.

Results
Five patients were included in the first and 7 patients in the second cohort. Patients of cohort 1 received no medication; patients of cohort 2, a daily dose of 900 mg idebenone. The primary visual acuity (VA) ranged between 0.03 and 0.5 in cohort 1 and did not improve during the observation period (median 60 months, range 23–87 months). The patients of cohort 2 have been observed for a median of 23 months (range 12–35 m). The primary VA ranged from 0.01 to 0.16. A recovery in one or both eyes with a final VA from 0.8 to 1.0 was experienced in 3 out of 7 patients. All patients showing a recovery of VA carried the m.11778G>A mutation.

Conclusion
The observed improvement in the treated cohort may be considered as a hint on the efficacy of idebenone in LHON. The time course of improvement suggests that idebenone should be given 1.5 years in newly diagnosed LHON cases.
Improvement on the Crossing Number of Crossing-Critical Graphs
Authors: Barát János , Tóth Géza 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe crossing number of a graph G is the minimum number of edge crossings over all drawings of G in the plane. A graph G is k-crossing-critical if its crossing number is at least k, but if we remove any edge of G, its crossing number drops below k. There are examples of k-crossing-critical graphs that do not have drawings with exactly k crossings. Richter and Thomassen proved in 1993 that if G is k-crossing-critical, then its crossing number is at most $$2.5\, k+16$$

2.5

k
+
16

. We improve this bound to $$2k+8\sqrt{k}+47$$

2
k
+
8

k

+
47

.
Lying, speech acts, and commitment
Authors: Marsili Neri 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNot every speech act can be a lie. A good definition of lying should be able to draw the right distinctions between speech acts (like promises, assertions, and oaths) that can be lies and speech acts (like commands, suggestions, or assumptions) that under no circumstances are lies. This paper shows that no extant account of lying is able to draw the required distinctions. It argues that a definition of lying based on the notion of ‘assertoric commitment’ can succeed where other accounts have failed. Assertoric commitment is analysed in terms of two normative components: ‘accountability’ and ‘discursive responsibility’. The resulting definition of lying draws all the desired distinctions, providing an intensionally adequate analysis of the concept of lying.
Long-term durability of weight loss after bariatric surgery; a retrospective study
Authors: Baheeg Mohamad , El-Din Mohamed Tag , Labib Mohamed Fathy , Elgohary Saed Abdelmonem , Hasan Abdulkarim 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
The surgical operation of Bariatric is taken into consideration to be the best treatment for excessive obesity. The prime requirement for the broad usage of bariatric surgical treatment is the durability. This study compares the weight variation up to five years between patients treated by RYGB (Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass) and non-surgical methods.

Methods:
The current work is a retrospective cohort study which was performed on one hundred patients who subjected to RYGB surgical treatment and matched severely obese controls that had not treated by bariatric surgery in the period from 2011 to 2015 and completed five years follow up.

Results:
The differences between the two study groups were significant according to their loss in weight within a five years record. More than 90% of Patients were satisfied inside the RYGB group versus a percent of 4% in Non-surgical Matches group with a great significant difference.

Conclusion:
The concluded results confirm that bariatric surgical treatment is the handiest and giving the best results in reducing enormous excess weight in patients with sharp obesity. These effects provide additional proof of the valuable combination between direct loss of weight by surgery and long-term methods.

Highlights
Filicide: the Australian story
Authors: Brown Thea , Tyson Danielle , Fernandez Arias Paula 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA filicide death, meaning the killing of a child by their parent or equivalent guardian, is a tragic event. Sadly, a UK study suggests Australia has the fourth highest rate of filicide among similar developed nations. Since Australian research studies on the incidence of filicide, or indeed on any other aspect of the problem, are limited, it is impossible to know if this finding is correct or not. However, in the last several years more research on filicide has emerged in Australia and by reviewing the recent research in detail, this article develops an integrated analysis of Australian filicide research and contributes to the knowledge bank on Australian filicide that can be used by professionals undertaking practice and research in intervention and prevention. Analysis of the studies shows one child dies at the hands of a parent every fortnight and that this number has not changed for many years. The analysis identifies the profiles of victims and perpetrators. The constellation of circumstances and stressors associated with each of the parental perpetrator groups is discussed, including the perpetrators’ contact with, and mostly unsuccessful use of, services. Based on the analysis, a way forward to prevention is proposed.
Shared functional impairment in the prefrontal cortex affects symptom severity across psychiatric disorders
Authors: Koike Shinsuke , Sakakibara Eisuke , Satomura Yoshihiro , Sakurada Hanako , Yamagishi Mika , Matsuoka Jun , Okada Naohiro , Kasai Kiyoto 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prefrontal deficits in psychiatric disorders have been investigated using functional neuroimaging tools; however, no studies have tested the related characteristics across psychiatric disorders considering various demographic and clinical confounders.MethodsWe analyzed 1558 functional brain measurements using a functional near-infrared spectroscopy during a verbal fluency task from 1200 participants with three disease spectra [196 schizophrenia, 189 bipolar disorder (BPD), and 394 major depressive disorder (MDD)] and 369 healthy controls along with demographic characteristics (age, gender, premorbid IQ, and handedness), task performance during the measurements, clinical assessments, and medication equivalent doses (chlorpromazine, diazepam, biperiden, and imipramine) in a consistent manner. The association between brain functions and demographic and clinical variables was tested using a general linear mixed model (GLMM). Then, the direction of relationship between brain activity and symptom severity, controlling for any other associations, was estimated using a model comparison of structural equation models (SEMs).ResultsThe GLMM showed a shared functional deficit of brain activity and a schizophrenia-specific delayed activity timing in the prefrontal cortex (false discovery rate-corrected p < 0.05). Comparison of SEMs showed that brain activity was associated with the global assessment of functioning scores in the left inferior frontal gyrus opercularis (IFGOp) in BPD group and the bilateral superior temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus, and the left superior frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus triangularis, and IFGOp in MDD group.ConclusionThis cross-disease large-sample neuroimaging study with high-quality clinical data reveals a robust relationship between prefrontal function and behavioral outcomes across three major psychiatric disorders.
Creating enriched training sets of eligible studies for large systematic reviews: the utility of PubMed's Best Match algorithm
Authors: Sampson Margaret , Nama Nassr , O'Hearn Katharine , Murto Kimmo , Nasr Ahmed , Katz Sherri L. , Macartney Gail , Momoli Franco , McNally J. Dayre 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Solutions like crowd screening and machine learning can assist systematic reviewers with heavy screening burdens but require training sets containing a mix of eligible and ineligible studies. This study explores using PubMed's Best Match algorithm to create small training sets containing at least five relevant studies.

Methods
Six systematic reviews were examined retrospectively. MEDLINE searches were converted and run in PubMed. The ranking of included studies was studied under both Best Match and Most Recent sort conditions.

Results
Retrieval sizes for the systematic reviews ranged from 151 to 5,406 records and the numbers of relevant records ranged from 8 to 763. The median ranking of relevant records was higher in Best Match for all six reviews, when compared with Most Recent sort. Best Match placed a total of thirty relevant records in the first fifty, at least one for each systematic review. Most Recent sorting placed only ten relevant records in the first fifty. Best Match sorting outperformed Most Recent in all cases and placed five or more relevant records in the first fifty in three of six cases.

Discussion
Using a predetermined set size such as fifty may not provide enough true positives for an effective systematic review training set. However, screening PubMed records ranked by Best Match and continuing until the desired number of true positives are identified is efficient and effective.

Conclusions
The Best Match sort in PubMed improves the ranking and increases the proportion of relevant records in the first fifty records relative to sorting by recency.
Quasiconformality and hyperbolic skew
Authors: ACKERMANN COLLEEN , FLETCHER ALASTAIR 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe prove that if
$f:\mathbb{B}^n \to \mathbb{B}^n$
, for n ≥ 2, is a homeomorphism with bounded skew over all equilateral hyperbolic triangles, then f is in fact quasiconformal. Conversely, we show that if
$f:\mathbb{B}^n \to \mathbb{B}^n$
is quasiconformal then f is η-quasisymmetric in the hyperbolic metric, where η depends only on n and K. We obtain the same result for hyperbolic n-manifolds. Analogous results in
$\mathbb{R}^n$
, and metric spaces that behave like
$\mathbb{R}^n$
, are known, but as far as we are aware, these are the first such results in the hyperbolic setting, which is the natural metric to use on
$\mathbb{B}^n$
.
Multiple developmental pathways underlying conduct problems: A multitrajectory framework
Authors: Dugré Jules R. , Potvin Stéphane 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the past decades, there has been an overemphasis of a descriptive/behavioral approach to study conduct disorder. In an equifinal perspective, we aimed to examine the developmental multitrajectory groups of psychological features (irritability, interpersonal callousness, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and depressive–anxiety symptoms) and their associations with conduct problems. In a population-based cohort (n = 1,309 participants followed from 5 months to 17 years old), latent-class growth analysis was performed for each psychological feature to identify a two-trajectory model (from ages 6 to 12 years). Based on parameter estimates of the two-trajectory models for each of the four psychological features, a parallel process growth mixture model identified eight significant developmental patterns that were subsequently compared with typically developing children. Furthermore, we observed that while interpersonal callousness conferred an increased risk for childhood and adolescence conduct problems, its co-occurrence with hyperactivity/impulsivity, irritability, and/or depressive–anxiety symptoms heightened the general risk, but also predicted distinct subtypes of conduct problems (i.e., aggressive and rule-breaking behaviors). Thus, by studying complex developmental combinations of psychological features, we observed qualitatively distinct pathways towards conduct problems. A multitrajectory framework of psychological features should be considered as a significant step towards unveiling the multiple etiological pathways leading to conduct disorder and its substantial clinical heterogeneity.
A qualitative exploration of how people with bipolar disorder consider risk-taking in everyday decisions
Authors: Wah Andrew , Hodge Suzanne , Jones Steven H. , Perez Algorta Guillermo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground:Difficulties with decision making and risk taking in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) have been associated with mood episodes. However, there is limited information about these experiences during euthymia, the mood state where people with BD spent the majority of their time.Aims:To examine how individuals with BD consider risk in everyday decisions during their euthymic phase.Method:We conducted a qualitative study that used semi-structured audio recorded interviews. Eight euthymic participants with confirmed BD were interviewed, and we used interpretative phenomenological analysis to analyse the data.Results:We identified four themes. The first theme, ‘Who I really am’, involves the relationship between individual identity and risks taken. The second theme, ‘Taking back control of my life’, explored the relationship between risks taken as participants strove to keep control of their lives. The third theme, ‘Fear of the “what ifs”’, represents how the fear of negative consequences from taking risks impacts risk decisions. Finally, the fourth theme, ‘The role of family and friends’, highlights the important role that a supporting network can play in their lives in the context of taking risks.Conclusions:The study highlights aspects that can impact on an individual with BD’s consideration of risk during euthymia. Identity, control, fear and support all play a role when a person considers risk in their decision-making process, and they should be taken into consideration when exploring risk with individuals with BD in clinical settings, and inform the design of future interventions.
The UN Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration: to what extent are human rights and sustainable development mutually compatible in the field of migration?
Authors: Guild Elspeth 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this contribution, I examine the links between the human rights basis of the UN Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) and its embeddedness in the UN Sustainable Development Agenda 2030. While the GCM grew out of a development framework, it was rapidly incorporated into the UN human rights system. Even during the negotiation of the GCM, human rights took priority over development. The resistance that was manifested against the GCM on its endorsement by the UN General Assembly was directed not against its development links, but rather concerns about its human rights impact. This paper examines the placing of migration in this dual framework and the ways in which outcomes compatible with both are achievable.
The ILO and the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration: labour migration, decent work and implementation of the Compact with specific reference to the Arab states region
Authors: Cholewinski Ryszard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the role played by the International Labour Organization (ILO) in the consultations and stocktaking during 2017 and the negotiations during 2018 leading up to the adoption of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM). It examines selected parts of the text of the GCM, with particular reference to the ILO's mandate of securing social justice and decent work, as well as the protection of migrant workers and governance of labour migration. The final part of the paper looks ahead to the ILO's role in the implementation of the GCM, with specific reference to the Arab states region, where migration for employment is significant and the governance challenges, particularly in relation to the protection of low-wage and low-skilled workers, are especially acute.
Higher long-term cardiovascular morbidity after open surgery for intermittent claudication caused by infrainguinal atherosclerotic disease in patients with diabetes – a nationwide observational cohort study
Authors: Dakhel Ardwan , Zarrouk Moncef , Ekelund Jan , Acosta Stefan , Miftaraj Mervete , Eliasson Björn , Svensson Ann-Marie , Gottsäter Anders 
Published: December 2020

Summary: Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Indications for open surgery in infrainguinal intermittent claudication (IC) are limited, and reports are lacking regarding outcomes in DM patients. Study aims were to compare short and long-term effects on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, major amputation, and mortality after infrainguinal open surgery for IC in patients with and without DM, and to evaluate relationships between glycaemic control and outcomes. Methods: Nationwide observational cohort study of all patients registered in the Swedish Vascular Registry after planned infrainguinal open surgery for IC from January 1st 2010 to December 31st 2014. Patients registered in the National Diabetes Registry were compared with patients without diabetes by propensity score adjusted comparison of MACE, AMI, stroke, major amputation, and mortality. Results: After 30 days, there were no differences in MACE, AMI, stroke, major amputation, or mortality between patients with (n = 323, mean age 70.5 [SD 7.4] years, 92 [28.5%] females) and without (n = 679, mean age 69.7 years [SD 11.2], 234 [34.5%] females) DM. At last follow-up after median 5.2 years, patients with DM showed higher rates of MACE (Hazard ratio [HR] 1.33, confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.62; p < 0.01), and AMI (HR 2.21, CI 1.46–3.35; p < 0.01) than patients without diabetes. Among DM patients, higher glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was associated with higher rates of MACE (HR 1.02, CI 1.00–1.03; p = 0.02), stroke (HR 1.05, CI 1.00–1.11; p = 0.04), and total mortality (HR 1.03, CI 1.01–1.06; p < 0.01), during follow-up, whereas duration of diabetes was associated with higher rate of major amputation (HR 1.08, CI 1.02–1.15; p < 0.01). Conclusions: DM patients showed higher rates of MACE and AMI in propensity score adjusted analysis five years after planned infrainguinal open surgery for IC. Higher HbA1c was associated with MACE, stroke, and total mortality in patients with DM, whereas longer duration of DM was associated with major amputation.
Unprecedented Observations of a Nascent In Situ Cirrus in the Tropical Tropopause Layer
Authors: Reinares Martínez I. , Evan S. , Wienhold F. G. , Brioude J. , Jensen E. J. , Thornberry T. D. , Héron D. , Verreyken B. , Körner S. , Vömel H. , Metzger J.‐M. , Posny F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA nascent in situ cirrus was observed on January 11, 2019 in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) over the southwestern Indian Ocean, with the use of balloon‐borne instruments. Data from cryogenic frost point hygrometer (CFH) and Compact Optical Backscatter and AerosoL Detector (COBALD) instruments were used to characterize the cirrus and its environment. Optical modeling was employed to estimate the cirrus microphysical properties from the COBALD backscatter measurements. Newly fomed ice crystals with radius <1 μm and concentration ∼500 L−1 were reported at the tropopause. The relatively low concentration and CFH ice supersaturation (1.5) suggests a homogeneous freezing event stalled by a high‐frequency gravity wave. The observed vertical wind speed and temperature anomalies that triggered the cirrus formation were due to a 1.5‐km vertical‐scale wave, as shown by a spectral analysis. This cirrus observation shortly after nucleation is beyond remote sensing capabilities and presents a type of cirrus never reported before.
First Look at a Geomagnetic Storm With Santa Maria Digisonde Data: F Region Responses and Comparisons Over the American Sector
Authors: Moro J. , Xu J. , Denardini C. M. , Resende L. C. A. , Neto P. F. Barbosa , Da Silva L. A. , Silva R. P. , Chen S. S. , Picanço G. A. S. , Carmo C. S. , Liu Z. , Yan C. , Wang C. , Schuch N. J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSanta Maria Digisonde data are used for the first time to investigate the F region behavior during a geomagnetic storm. The August 25, 2018 storm is considered complex due to the incidence of two Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections and a High‐Speed Solar Wind Stream (HSS). The F
2 layer critical frequency (f

o

F
2) and its peak height (h

m

F
2) collected over Santa Maria, near the center of the South American Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA), are compared with data collected from Digisondes installed in the Northern (NH) and Southern (SH) Hemispheres in the American sector. The deviation of f

o

F
2 (Df

o

F
2) and h

m

F
2 (Dh

m

F
2) are used to quantify the ionospheric storm effects. Different F region responses were observed during the main phase (August 25–26), which is attributed to the traveling ionospheric disturbances and disturbed eastward electric field during nighttime. The F region responses became highly asymmetric between the NH and SH at the early recovery phase (RP, August 26) due to a combination of physical mechanisms. The observed asymmetries are interpreted as caused by modifications in the thermospheric composition and a rapid electrodynamic mechanism. The persistent enhanced thermospheric [O]/[N2] ratio observed from August 27 to 29 combined with the increased solar wind speed induced by the HSS and IMF B

z
fluctuations seem to be effective in causing the positive ionospheric storm effects and the shift of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly crest to higher than typical latitudes. Consequently, the most dramatic positive ionospheric storm during the RP occurred over Santa Maria (∼120%).