bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting gastroesophageal reflux diagnosed by analysis of pepsin in the saliva of elderly patients with nasal feeding
Authors: Ding Yu , Hou Huiru , Liu Miao , Wang Xiaoyuan , Xu Yue , Shi Haiyan , Guo Jiayu , Du Haitao , Wang Liyuan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Elderly patients receiving nasal feeding have weaker physiological function and placement of a nasogastric tube destroys the natural barrier of the cardia-esophageal sphincter. Pepsin in saliva may reflect gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study investigated pepsin levels in saliva of elderly patients with nasal feeding and analyzed the relevant factors. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Patients admitted to the Chinese PLA General Hospital from April 2018 to October 2018 who received nasal feeding were included. One ml of saliva was collected from each patient during fasting in the morning and 1 hour after lunch for 3 consecutive days. Pepsin was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The patients were divided into two groups (≥7.75 ug/ml or <7.75 ug/ml) based on the median pepsin. Baseline and clinical factors were compared. ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 91.09±4.91 years. There were statistical differences in diabetes and feeding methods between the two groups. There was a positive correlation between the morning and postprandial pepsin levels (r=0.442, P <0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for higher pepsin levels were diabetes (odds ratio (OR): 2.67; 95%CI: 1.225-5.819, P =0.013) and nasal feeding methods (OR: 2.475; 95%CI: 1.183-5.180, P =0.016). Conclusions For patients undergoing nasal feeding who are older than 80 years, the fasting and 1-hour postprandial pepsin concentration was consistent. Diabetes and feeding methods are risk factors for high pepsin levels, which may indicate GERD.
Preoperative CT Colonoscopy for Esophageal Reconstruction with Colonic Interposition.
Authors: Mahawongkajit Prasit , Boochangkool Nuttorn 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Colonic evaluation is an essential step before proceeding with esophagectomy to reconstruct by colonic interposition. Colonoscopy is the standard practice for colorectal cancer screening, but it has a chance of failing cecal intubation and carries a risk of horrific complication by colonic perforation. CT colonography is a less invasive alternative method that has been reported as useful for colonoscopic screening in cases of average risk of colorectal cancer. This study set out to report our clinical experience and to evaluate CT colonoscopy in the preoperative process for colonic interposition of esophagectomy patients. Methods Data for esophagectomy with colonic interposition patients between March 2016 and December 2019 was retrospectively analyzed. Results Nineteen patients were included in this study with 13 in the esophageal cancer group and 6 in the corrosive esophageal injury group. The majority of conduits used ileocolonic graft. After colonic interposition, endoscopy was performed and no lesions of conduits were detected. Conclusion CT colonoscopy is a minimally invasive and reliable colonic evaluation method for the patient of average colorectal cancer risk who has undergone esophagectomy with colonic interposition.
Impact of preoperative immunonutrition on thrombocyte phagocytic activity and early postoperative outcomes in invasive gastric cancer patients.
Authors: Kamocki Zbigniew , Matowicka Joanna , Jurczuk Anna , Milewska Anna , Kamocka Anna , Kedra Boguslaw 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background:The aim was to determine the phagocytic activity of thrombocytes in patients with gastric cancer and to assess the effect of oral and parenteral preoperative glutamine-based immunonutrition on nutritional status, thrombocyte phagocytic activity and early postoperative outcomes. Methods:Patients suffer from invasive gastric cancer had been treated with preoperative immunonutrition with glutamine and they were compared to patients without nutritional treatment. Nutritional status, percentage of weight loss and BMI were assessed. Levels of total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, platelets and their phagocytic ability were measured twice. Postsurgical complications were assessed via Claven-Dindo classification. Results:Group I-20 patients with an oral glutamine, Group II-38 patients received an intravenous glutamine. Group III-25 patients did not receive preoperative immunonutrition. 47% patients Group I, 54% patients Group II and 33% patients Group III were malnourished. In Group I, percentage of phagocytizing platelet (%PhP) was 1.1 pre- and 1.2 postoperatively. Phagocytic index (PhI) was 1.0 and 1.1. In Group II, %PhP was 1.1 and 1.2. PhI was 1.0 and 1.1. In Group III %PhP was 1.0 and1.2. PhI was 1.0 and 1.1. An increase in triglyceride level was observed in both immunonutrition groups. There was a fall in total protein, albumin level in Group II. In Group III there was a decline in total protein, albumin and cholesterol level. Total platelet count, and PhI was increased in both immunonutrition groups. There was also a rise in %PhP in Group II. In Group III there was no change in blood plateles level, %PhP and PhI. Complications rate was 53% in Group I, 29 % in Group II, 40% in Group III. Conclusions:In invasive gastric cancer, laboratory nutritional parameters are significantly reduced, causing malnutrition in 45.7% of patients. Oral glutamine supplementation inhibited the postoperative decline in protein metabolism parameters, however, this did not affect the reduction of the percentage of postoperative complications. Glutamine used preoperatively significantly reduced the percentage of serious surgical complications, regardless of the way it was supplemented. Patients with invasive gastric cancer have a significant decrease in platelet phagocytic activity. Immunonutrition based on intravenous form of glutamine allows to improve the phagocytic activity of platelets.
Identification of new biomarkers and pathways associated with treatment and prognosis in melanoma patients
Authors: Huang Biao , Han Wei , Sheng Zu-Feng , Shen Guo-Liang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is known as the most malignancy and treatment-resistant in human tumor, causing about 72% of deaths in skin carcinoma. However, the potential mechanism and new effective targets remain to be further elucidated. Available datasets such as Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) can be utilized to search for novel therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers. Methods Three data sets were downloaded from GEO database . The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified via Venn software. Protein‐protein interaction network of DEGs was developed and the module hub genes analysis was constructed by Cytoscape. Subsequently, multiple online tools and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were analyzed to detect underlying signaling pathways, gene expression, drug-gene interaction and prognostic value of hub genes. In addition, we explored the correlation between hub genes and immune cell infiltration. At last, the related miRNA, lncRNA networks were constructed by R software. Results A total of 308 DEGs and 12 hub genes were identified. Function and pathway enrichment results demonstrated a correlation between DEGs and the tumor microenvironment, immune response and melanoma tumorigenesis. Subsequently, we focused on assessing potential value of 12 hub genes. Seven hub genes ( CCL4, CCL5, NMU, GAL, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL13 ) were identified with significant overall survival for prognosis. What’s more, five of these seven hub genes were found to be related to clinical stages (P values<0.05). In addition, the most important pathways of hub genes include interleukin-10 signaling, peptide ligand-binding receptors, which play important roles in tumor microenvironment for immune activation or immunosuppressive by regulating the infiltration of immune cells. Our results revealed a strong positive correlation between gene expression (CCL4, CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL13) and immune cell infiltration (B-cell, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, Neutrophils, Dendritic cells). Interestingly, 8 of 12 hub genes (CXCL10, CCL4, CCL5, IL6, CXCL2, PTGER3, GAL, NPY1R) were also found in the predicted drug-gene interaction. The related miRNA, lncRNA for diagnosis and prognosis were found in networks. Conclusion In conclusion, CCL4, CCL5, NMU, GAL, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL13 were of high prognostic value and may be potential targets for the diagnosis and therapy of patients with melanoma.
Genome-wide profiling identification of prognostic novel signatures in papillary renal cell carcinoma based on large-scale sequencing data
Authors: Tian Xi , Xu Wen-Hao , anwaier Aihetaimujiang , Wang Hong-Kai , Wan Fang-Ning , Zhu Yu , Cao Da-Long , Zhu Yi-Ping , Shi Guo-Hai , Qu Yuan-Yuan , Zhang Hai-Liang , Ye Ding-Wei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background : This study aims to identify potential biomarkers with prognostic value in papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) by combining protein interaction networks with gene expression profiles from multiply cohorts.
Methods : Two microarray datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on standardized labeling information. The protein-protein interaction network (PPI) and functional annotations of DEGs was established and the modules were analyzed by using STRING and Cytoscape. Survival analysis of significant DEGs was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier comprehensive expression score in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to describe binary classifier value of genes using area under the curve (AUC) score. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining of PTTG1 protein was performed, and survival analysis was validated in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) cohort.
Results : A total of 473 DEGs and 38 functionally related hub genes were identified as candidate prognostic biomarkers. Eight genes, including BUB1B , CCNB1 , CCNB2 , MAD2L1 , TTK , CDC20 , PTTG1 and MCM, enrichment with cell cycle process were identified for further analysis. Statistical analysis of TCGA cohort indicates that expression level of the eight genes was higher in PRCC tumor tissues and was negatively correlated with patient's outcome. Significantly elevated PTTG1 expression and its negative correlativity with patient's outcome was validated in FUSCC cohorts.
Conclusions : Expression levels of eight hub genes have strong prognostic value and may help better understand the potential carcinogenesis and develop targeted therapy strategies for PRCC.
Mining of Subtype Markers for the Prognosis of Ovarian Cancer based on Methylation Data
Authors: Yin Lili , Zhang Ningning , yang qing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Aims: Ovarian cancer is one of three major malignancies involving the female reproductive system, and its morbidity and mortality are ranked number 3 and number 1 among gynecological tumors, respectively. DNA methylation (MET), as one of the main epigenetic modes, is closely related to the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer. To guide individualized treatment and improve the prognosis in ovarian cancer patients, it is of great significance to elucidate effective MET subtype markers. Methods: A total of 571 ovarian cancer MET samples were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and a COX proportional hazards model was established using the MET spectrum and clinically pathological parameters. Subsequently, the consensus clustering of CpG loci with a significant difference in both univariate and multivariate analyses was performed to screen the molecular subtypes, and these CpG loci were subjected to gene function annotation. Finally, CpG MET loci associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients were further screened by constructing a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Results: A total of 250 prognosis-related MET loci were obtained by COX regression and 6 molecular subtypes were screened by clustering. There was a remarkable MET difference between most subtypes, of which Cluster 2 had the highest MET level and demonstrated the best prognosis in patients, while Cluster 4 and Cluster 5 had a MET level significantly lower than that of the other subtypes and demonstrated a very poor prognosis. All Cluster 5 samples were at a high grade, while the percentage of Stage IV samples in Cluster 4 was evidently greater than that in the other subtypes. Using the co-expression network, 5 CpG loci were eventually obtained: cg27625732, cg00431050, cg22197830, cg03152385, and cg22809047. The clustering analysis shows that the prognosis in patients with hypomethylation was significantly worse than that in patients with hypermethylation. Conclusions: These MET molecular subtypes can be used not only to evaluate the prognosis in ovarian cancer patients but also to fully distinguish the tumor stage and histological grade in these patients. Prognosis-related CpG loci can be applied as biomarkers for individualized treatment in ovarian cancer patients.
Chronic lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis after multiple intranasal instillation of PM2.5 in mice
Authors: Xu Mengmeng , Zhang Hai , Xu Lu , Wang Xiaohui , Li Chenfei , Chen Yuqing , Chung Kian Fan , Adcock Ian M , Feng Li 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is an important component of air pollution and can induce lung inflammation and oxidative stress. We hypothesised that PM 2.5 could play a role in the induction of pulmonary fibrosis. We examined whether multiple intranasal instillation of PM 2.5 can induce pulmonary fibrosis in the mouse, and also investigated the underlying pro-fibrotic signaling pathways.Methods: C57/BL6 mice were intranasally instilled with 50 μl of PM 2.5 suspension (7.8 μg/g body weight) or PBS three times a week over 3 weeks, 6 weeks or 9 weeks. To observe the recovery of pulmonary fibrosis after the termination of PM 2.5 exposure, 9 week-PM 2.5 instilled mice were also studied at 3 weeks after termination of instillation.Results: There were significant decreases in total lung capacity (TLC) and compliance (Cchord) in the 9-week PM 2.5 -instilled mice, while there was an increase in total cell counts in bronchoalveolar fluid and lung section in 3-week, 6-week and 9-week PM 2.5 -instilled mice and 9 week-PM 2.5 instilled-3 week-air exposed mice. There were increased histological fibrosis scores with enhanced type I collagen and hydroxyproline deposition in lung tissue in 6-week and 9-week PM 2.5 -instilled mice and 9-week-PM 2.5 instilled-3-week-air-exposed mice. Multiple PM 2.5 instillation resulted in increased expression of TGFβ1, increases of N-Cadherin and Vimentin and decrease of E-Cadherin. It also led to decreases in OPA1 and MFN2, and increases in Parkin, SQSTM1/p62, the ratio of light china (LC) 3B II to LC3B I, PI3k/Akt phosphorylation, NOX4 and NLRP3 expression.Conclusions: The intranasal instillation of PM 2.5 for 9 weeks induced lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis, which was linked with aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal transition, mitochondrial damage and mitophagy, as well as activation of TGFβ1-PI3K/Akt and TGFβ1-NOX4 -NLRP3 pathways.
Colorectal carcinomas with mucinous differentiation are associated with high frequent mutation of KRAS or BRAF mutations, irrespective of quantity of mucinous component.
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Sun Katherine , Liao Xiaoyan , Zhu Hongfa , Xu Ruliang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC) is a distinct type of colorectal cancer (CRC) associated with poor response to treatment and poorer prognosis. MAC is diagnosed by WHO definition when the extracellular mucin is more than 50% of the lesion. We aimed at assessing the gene expression profiles of the CRCs with any mucinous features (>5%) in a retrospective study. Methods: The data of a 50-gene next generation sequencing (NGS) panel of 166 CRCs was analyzed and the gene mutational profile with morphologic features was correlated. Results: We identified the different genetic mutation profiles between CRCs with and without mucinous component, but noticed a similar genetic profile between MACs and CRCs with mucinous component, irrespective of the percentage (if mucin component more than 5%). The different genetic mutation profile related to MSI status was also identified between two groups of tumor. The most frequent mutations in CRCs with mucinous component are KRAS (28/49, 57.1%) and BRAF (19/49, 38.7%), PIK3CA (16/49, 32.6%), followed by APC (12/49, 24.5%) and TP53 (11/49, 22.5%). The combined mutation frequency of the two key factors in the EGFR signaling pathway, KRAS and BRAF , in the CRCs with and without mucin component is 95.9% and 52.1%, respectively. Conclusions: The dysregulation of EGFR pathway plays a critical role in the development of CRCs with mucinous component, irrespective of the percentage. The mucinous differentiation in CRCs may predict the poor response to anti-EGFR therapy.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting the probability of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Xu Qiang , Chen Hangjun , Chen Sihai , Shan Jing , Xia Guoming , Cao Zhiyou , Liu Xuqiang , Dai Min 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Although corticosteroids and alcohol are two major risk factors for nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH), the effects of other factors have rarely been studied, thereby making early diagnosis and treatment of NONFH difficult. This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram to estimate the probability of NONFH using clinical risk factors other than corticosteroids and alcohol consumption. Methods A training cohort of 790 patients (n=434, NONFH; n=356, femoral neck fractures [non-NONFH]) diagnosed in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2016 was used for model development. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) regression model was used for date dimension reduction and optimal predictor selection. A predictive model was developed from univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Performance characterisation of the resulting nomogram included calibration, discriminatory ability, and clinical usefulness. After internal validation, the nomogram was further evaluated in a separate cohort of 300 consecutive patients included between January 2017 and December 2018. Results The simple prediction nomogram included five predictors from univariate and multivariate analyses, including gender, total cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels, white blood cell count, and platelet count. Internal validation showed that the model had good discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]=0.80) and calibration. Good discrimination (AUC=0.81) and calibration were preserved in the validation cohort. Decision curve analysis showed that the predictive nomogram was clinically useful. Conclusions The simple diagnostic nomogram, which combines demographic data and laboratory blood test results, was able to quantify the probability of NONFH in cases of early screening and diagnosis.
Plasma neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein predict stroke in CADASIL
Authors: Chih-Hao Chen , Cheng Yu-Wen , Chen Ya-Fang , Tang Sung-Chun , Jeng Jiann-Shing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Stroke remains the most cumbersome disease burden in patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). This study aimed to investigate whether plasma biomarkers can reflect disease severity and predict stroke recurrence in CADASIL patients. Methods Sixty-three CADASIL patients (mean age 58.9±9.3 years old, male 63%) from a multicenter registry and 17 controls were recruited. Plasma biomarkers, namely neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), tau, and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), were measured using an ultra-sensitive single molecule array at baseline. Neuroimaging markers assessed included the Fazekas scale of white matter hyperintensity, numbers of lacunes and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of plasma biomarkers at baseline for predicting incident stroke during follow-up. Results Plasma NfL, GFAP, and UCHL1 levels were significantly elevated in the CADASIL patients than in the controls. Among the CADASIL patients, both plasma NfL and GFAP levels positively correlated with the numbers of CMBs (r = 0.32 and r = 0.37, respectively; both p < 0.05). Higher plasma levels of NfL and GFAP were associated with any stroke (odds ratio 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–3.87) and ICH (odds ratio 2.06, 95% CI 1.26–3.35) at baseline, respectively. Within a mean follow-up period of 3.1 Common.EditSubmissionSteps.Transform.EquationText 2.1 years, 10 patients (16%) had incident stroke and 6 of them were ICH. Higher baseline NfL (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.19–3.13) predicted any incident stroke, whereas higher GFAP (HR 2.80, 95% CI 1.21–6.53) predicted incident ICH. Conclusions In CADASIL patients, plasma NfL can be a promising biomarker for monitoring incident stroke, whereas GFAP may have a role in cerebral hemorrhage.
Hydrogen rich water ameliorate Trimethyltin induced spatial learning and memory impairment by regulation of Siah-1
Authors: Zhou Tailai , Zhang Minghao , Du Hang , Ablimit Arzu , Ye Renyi , Lǚ Mingqi , Chang Xiaojuan , Zhao Qi , Wang Yan , Qin Qizhong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: As an important member of organic tin compounds, Trimethyltin (TMT) exists widely in industrial and agricultural productions. TMT can induce significant neurodegeneration in the limbic system, particular in hippocampus. However, the molecular mechanisms in TMT-induced learning and memory impairment are not fully clear. Thus, this research was to explore the role of Synaptophysin (SYP) and Ubiquitin-ligating enzyme Siah-1 in TMT-induced nerve impairment and the protective effect of hydrogen rich water (HRW). Methods: Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (saline, 4 ml/d, i.p.for seven days), HRW group (4 ml/d, i.p.for seven days) , TMT group (2.25mg/kg, i.p. at the seventh day ), and HRW plus TMT group. The spatial learning and memory was tested by Morris water maze, the protein level of SYP and Siah-1were determined by western blot& immunocytochemical analysis, and the tin contents were detected by ICP-MS. Results: The TMT-treated mice showed significant learning and memory disability. Moreover, TMT increased the level of Siah-1, reduced the expression of SYP in hippocampus and cortex. After 7 days of continuous pretreatment with HRW, the mice showed better memory ability, the expression of Siah-1 and tin content decreased accompanied with the increase of SYP. Conclusions: These results showed that HRW ameliorated the decrease of SYP and the nerve impairment induced by TMT, reduced tin content and up-regulated the expressions of Siah-1, and it might be an important role in the protection of neurodegenerative diseases induced by TMT.