bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The stratified disc wind of MCG-03-58-007
Authors: Braito V , Reeves J N , Severgnini P , Della Ceca R , Ballo L , Cicone C , Matzeu G A , Serafinelli R , Sirressi M 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Past Suzaku, XMM–Newton, and NuSTAR observations of the nearby (z = 0.03233) bright Seyfert 2 galaxy MCG-03-58-007 revealed the presence of two deep and blue-shifted iron K-shell absorption line profiles. These could be explained with the presence of two phases of a highly ionized, high column density accretion disc wind outflowing with vout1 ∼ −0.1c and vout2 ∼ −0.2c. Here we present two new observations of MCG-03-58-007: one was carried out in 2016 with Chandra and one in 2018 with Swift. Both caught MCG-03-58-007 in a brighter state ($F_{{\mathrm{2}-10\, keV}} \sim 4 \times 10^{-12}$ erg cm−2 s−1) confirming the presence of the fast disc wind. The multi-epoch observations of MCG-03-58-007 covering the period from 2010 to 2018 were then analysed. These data show that the lower velocity component outflowing with vout1 ∼ −0.072 ± 0.002c is persistent and detected in all the observations, although it is variable in column density in the range NH ∼ 3–8 × 1023 cm−2. In the 2016 Swift observation we detected again the second faster component outflowing with vout2 ∼ −0.2c, with a column density ($N_{\mbox{H}}=7.0^{+5.6}_{-4.1}\times 10^{23}$ cm−2), similar to that seen during the Suzaku observation. However during the Chandra observation 2 yr earlier, this zone was not present (NH &lt; 1.5 × 1023 cm−2), suggesting that this faster zone is intermittent. Overall the multi-epochs observations show that the disc wind in MCG-03-58-007 is not only powerful, but also extremely variable, hence placing MCG-03-58-007 among unique disc winds such as the one seen in the famous QSO PDS456. One of the main results of this investigation is the consideration that these winds could be extremely variable, sometime appearing and sometime disappearing; thus to reach solid and firm conclusions about their energetics multiple observations are mandatory.
UV line-driven disc wind as the origin of UltraFast Outflows in AGN
Authors: Mizumoto Misaki , Nomura Mariko , Done Chris , Ohsuga Ken , Odaka Hirokazu 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
UltraFast Outflows (UFOs) are observed in some active galactic nuclei (AGN), with blueshifted and highly ionized Fe-K absorption features. AGN typically have an ultraviolet (UV-) bright accretion flow, so UV line driving is an obvious candidate for launching these winds. However this mechanism requires material with UV opacity, in apparent conflict with the observed high-ionization state of the wind. In this paper, we synthesize the X-ray energy spectra resulting from different lines of sight through a state of the art radiation hydrodynamics UV line-driven disc wind simulation. We demonstrate that there are some lines of sight that only intercept highly ionized and fast outflowing material. The cooler material required for the UV line driving acceleration is out of the line of sight, close to the disc, shielded from the X-rays by a failed wind. We fit these simulated wind spectra to data from the archetypal UFO source PG 1211+143 and show that they broadly reproduce the depth and velocity of the iron absorption lines seen. This directly demonstrates that UV line driving is a viable mechanism to launch even the fastest UFOs. We simulate microcalorimeter observations of this wind and show that their high-energy resolution can resolve the detailed structure in the wind and recover the wind energetics when combined with models that correctly estimate the line formation radius of the wind. New data from microcalorimeters will pave the way for physical predictions of AGN wind feedback in cosmological simulations.
The quiescent fraction of isolated low surface brightness galaxies: observational constraints
Authors: Prole D J , van der Burg R F J , Hilker M , Spitler L R 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Understanding the formation and evolution of low surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs) is critical for explaining their wide-ranging properties. However, studies of LSBGs in deep photometric surveys are often hindered by a lack of distance estimates. In this work, we present a new catalogue of 479 LSBGs, identified in deep optical imaging data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP). These galaxies are found across a range of environments, from the field to groups. Many are likely to be ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs). We see clear evidence for a bimodal population in colour–Sérsic index space, and split our sample into red and blue LSBG populations. We estimate environmental densities for a sub-sample of 215 sources by statistically associating them with nearby spectroscopic galaxies from the overlapping GAMA spectroscopic survey. We find that the blue LSBGs are statistically consistent with being spatially randomized with respect to local spectroscopic galaxies, implying they exist predominantly in low-density environments. However, the red LSBG population is significantly spatially correlated with local structure. We find that $26\pm 5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of isolated, local LSBGs belong to the red population, which we interpret as quiescent. This indicates that high environmental density plays a dominant, but not exclusive, role in producing quiescent LSBGs. Our analysis method may prove to be very useful, given the large samples of LSB galaxies without distance information expected from e.g. the Vera C. Rubin observatory (aka LSST), especially in combination with upcoming comprehensive wide-field spectroscopic surveys.
Broad He i 1.08-µm absorption from the obscurer in the active galaxy NGC 5548
Authors: Wildy Conor , Landt Hermine , Ward Martin J , Czerny Bożena , Kynoch Daniel 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The nucleus of the active galaxy NGC 5548 was the target of two intensive spectroscopic monitoring campaigns at X-ray, ultraviolet (UV), and optical frequencies in 2013/2014. These campaigns detected the presence of a massive obscuration event. In 2016/2017, Landt et al. conducted a near-IR spectroscopic monitoring campaign on NGC 5548 and discovered He i 1.08-μm absorption. Here, we decompose this absorption into its components and study its time variability. We attribute the narrow He  i absorption lines to the warm absorber (WA) and, as for the newly appeared low-ionization WA lines in the UV, their presence is most likely due to a reduction in ionization parameter caused by the obscurer. The observed variability of the narrow He i absorption is consistent with what is expected for the WA. Most importantly, we also detect fast, broad He i absorption, which we attribute to the obscurer. This He i broad absorption, which is indicative of a high column density gas, is unsaturated and variable on time-scales of a few months. The observed variability of the obscurer is mainly due to changes in ionization, although density changes also play a role. We test the physical cycle model of Dehghanian et al. which proposes that helium recombination can account for how the obscurer influences the physics of the WA gas. Our results support their model, but also indicate that the reality might be more complex.
Photometric redshifts for galaxies in the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam and unWISE and a catalogue of identified clusters of galaxies
Authors: Wen Z L , Han J L 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We first present a catalogue of photometric redshifts for 14.68 million galaxies derived from the 7-band photometric data of Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer using the nearest-neighbour algorithm. The redshift uncertainty is about 0.024 for galaxies of z ≤ 0.7, and steadily increases with redshift to about 0.11 at z ∼ 2. From such a large data set, we identify 21 661 clusters of galaxies, among which 5537 clusters have redshifts z &gt; 1 and 642 clusters have z &gt; 1.5, significantly enlarging the high redshift sample of galaxy clusters. Cluster richness and mass are estimated, and these clusters have an equivalent mass of M500 ≥ 0.7 × 1014 M⊙. We find that the stellar mass of the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in each richness bin does not significantly evolve with redshift. The fraction of star-forming BCGs increases with redshift, but does not depend on cluster mass.
Similar but different: the varied landscape of Onfp/Oef stars variability
Authors: Rauw Gregor , Nazé Yaël 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The Oef category gathers rapidly rotating and evolved O-stars displaying a centrally reversed He ii λ 4686 emission line. The origin of the variability of their photospheric and wind spectral lines is debated, with rotational modulation or pulsations as the main contenders. To shed new light on this question, we analysed high-quality and high-cadence Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite photometric time series for five Oef stars. We also collected a new time series of spectra for one target (λ Cep) which had been the subject of specific debates in the last years. These observations reveal the variety of Oef behaviours. While space-based photometric data reveal substantial red noise components in all targets, only ζ Pup seems to display a long-lived periodicity. In our sample, stars exhibit a dominant signal at low frequencies but it appears relatively short-lived. This is reminiscent of rotational modulations by transient photospheric spots, though this scenario is challenged by the case of HD 14 442, whose 1.230 d−1 signal significantly exceeds the critical rotational frequency. In parallel, no evidence of persistent p mode non-radial pulsations is found in either photometry or spectroscopy of the stars, only temporary excitation of g mode pulsations could offer an alternative explanation for the dominant signals. Finally, the revised luminosities of the stars using GAIA-DR2 show that they are not all supergiants as ζ Pup. The question then arises whether the Oef peculiarity denotes a homogeneous class of objects after all.
Probing the CGM of low-redshift dwarf galaxies using FIRE simulations
Authors: Li Fei , Rahman Mubdi , Murray Norman , Hafen Zachary , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Stern Jonathan , Hummels Cameron B , Hopkins Philip F , El-Badry Kareem , Kereš Dušan 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Observations of ultraviolet (UV) metal absorption lines have provided insight into the structure and composition of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) around galaxies. We compare these observations with the low-redshift (z ≤ 0.3) CGM around dwarf galaxies in high-resolution cosmological zoom-in runs in the FIRE-2 (Feedback In Realistic Environments) simulation suite. We select simulated galaxies that match the halo mass, stellar mass, and redshift of the observed samples. We produce absorption measurements using trident for UV transitions of C iv, O vi, Mg ii, and Si iii. The FIRE equivalent width (EW) distributions and covering fractions for the C iv ion are broadly consistent with observations inside 0.5Rvir, but are underpredicted for O vi, Mg ii, and Si iii. The absorption strengths of the ions in the CGM are moderately correlated with the masses and star formation activity of the galaxies. The correlation strengths increase with the ionization potential of the ions. The structure and composition of the gas from the simulations exhibit three zones around dwarf galaxies characterized by distinct ion column densities: the discy interstellar medium, the inner CGM (the wind-dominated regime), and the outer CGM (the IGM accretion-dominated regime). We find that the outer CGM in the simulations is nearly but not quite supported by thermal pressure, so it is not in hydrostatic equilibrium, resulting in halo-scale bulk inflow and outflow motions. The net gas inflow rates are comparable to the star formation rate of the galaxy, but the bulk inflow and outflow rates are greater by an order of magnitude, with velocities comparable to the virial velocity of the halo. These roughly virial velocities (${\sim } 100 \, \rm km\, s^{-1}$) produce large EWs in the simulations. This supports a picture for dwarf galaxies in which the dynamics of the CGM at large scales are coupled to the small-scale star formation activity near the centre of their haloes.
High-resolution spectroscopy of the hot Am star HR 3383
Authors: Wahlgren G M , Nielsen K E , Leckrone D S 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the spectrum analysis of the hot Am star HR 3383 (A1 Vm). Hubble Space Telescope STIS and Nordic Optical Telescope SOFIN data are modelled with synthetic spectra, and abundances are investigated for 78 elements. Most light elements up through oxygen show deficiencies, compared to solar abundances, followed by the general trend of increasing abundance enhancement with atomic number that levels off at a 30-fold enhancement at the lanthanide group and heavier elements. The derived element distribution is generally consistent with what is observed in other hot Am stars. Abundances for HR 3383 are also similar to what is seen for the cooler HgMn stars, with the exception of the platinum-group elements that generally show dramatic enhancements in the HgMn stars. Current theory and calculations are able to predict most observed abundances and abundance trends through the iron group. The large number of derived element abundances in this study provides a constraint for theoretical calculations attempting to explain the heavy element abundances in chemically peculiar stars. This paper includes a comprehensive description of spectral lines useful for an abundance analysis of late B and A type stars, and comments are provided on the atomic data. New data for hyperfine structure components for three lines in Lu iii and a single line in Lu ii are presented, based on laboratory spectra. In addition to the stellar spectrum, lines from the interstellar medium are noted for several of the strongest Fe ii ultraviolet transitions.
New Drugs, New Indications for Various Cancers
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S. 
Published: October 2020

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg) is now approved to treat newly diagnosed CD33-positive acute myeloid leukemia in pediatric patients ages one month and older. The drug is given in combination with standard chemotherapy.Lurbinectedin (Zepzelca) has been granted accelerated approval to treat adults with metastatic small cell lung cancer who have disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy.Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) has received a new indication to treat unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability–high or mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer. It is the first immunotherapy approved for this use as a first-line, sole treatment.A new indication for selinexor (Xpovio), granted under accelerated approval, is to treat adults with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), including DLBCL arising from follicular lymphoma, after at least two different systemic therapies.
Improving Equitable Access to Cervical Cancer Screening and Management
Authors: Kiser Lisa Heidi , Butler Judith 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTBackground:Each year, 13,000 women in the United States are diagnosed with cervical cancer and 4,000 die from it. Moreover, 8 million women 21 to 65 years of age haven't had a Pap test in five years. Hispanic women have the highest incidence of cervical cancer and are less likely to be screened or return for care. Migrant women can face additional barriers to cervical cancer screening, including federal prohibitions against their participation in public health insurance exchanges and nonemergency Medicaid.Purpose:Improving cervical cancer screening rates was identified as a priority in a federally qualified health center when only 40% of eligible women were properly screened in 2016. Forty-five percent of the population the clinic serves is uninsured and 60% are Hispanic. The aim of this quality improvement project was to have 75% of the women 21 to 65 years of age who sought care at this clinic during the 60-day project period receive Pap test eligibility screening, enrollment in a state and federal screening program, and case management.Methods:Four rapid plan–do–study–act cycles were used. Tests of change included team engagement, patient engagement, eligibility screening, and case log management. Data were analyzed using run charts to evaluate the impact of interventions on outcomes. The interventions consisted of team meetings, a patient engagement tool, an eligibility screening tool, and case log management.Results:Among the women who completed care at the clinic during the 60-day project period, 80% were uninsured and 86% were Hispanic. A total of 87% of women received effective care, which consisted of same-day Well Woman Health Care Program enrollment and a same-day Pap test or an appointment to return for a well-woman visit.Conclusion:A multicomponent approach led to underserved women receiving equitable access to cervical cancer screening and timely enrollment in a cervical cancer screening program.
Mitochondrial medicine therapies: rationale, evidence, and dosing guidelines
Authors: Barcelos Isabella , Shadiack Edward , Ganetzky Rebecca D. , Falk Marni J. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose of review
Primary mitochondrial disease is a highly heterogeneous but collectively common inherited metabolic disorder, affecting at least one in 4300 individuals. Therapeutic management of mitochondrial disease typically involves empiric prescription of enzymatic cofactors, antioxidants, and amino acid and other nutrient supplements, based on biochemical reasoning, historical experience, and consensus expert opinion. As the field continues to rapidly advance, we review here the preclinical and clinical evidence, and specific dosing guidelines, for common mitochondrial medicine therapies to guide practitioners in their prescribing practices.

Recent findings
Since publication of Mitochondrial Medicine Society guidelines for mitochondrial medicine therapies management in 2009, data has emerged to support consideration for using additional therapeutic agents and discontinuation of several previously used agents. Preclinical animal modeling data have indicated a lack of efficacy for vitamin C as an antioxidant for primary mitochondrial disease, but provided strong evidence for vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine. Clinical data have suggested L-carnitine may accelerate atherosclerotic disease. Long-term follow up on L-arginine use as prophylaxis against or acute treatment for metabolic strokes has provided more data supporting its clinical use in individuals with mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome and Leigh syndrome. Further, several precision therapies have been developed for specific molecular causes and/or shared clinical phenotypes of primary mitochondrial disease.

Summary
We provide a comprehensive update on mitochondrial medicine therapies based on current evidence and our single-center clinical experience to support or refute their use, and provide detailed dosing guidelines, for the clinical management of mitochondrial disease. The overarching goal of empiric mitochondrial medicines is to utilize therapies with favorable benefit-to-risk profiles that may stabilize and enhance residual metabolic function to improve cellular resiliency and slow clinical disease progression and/or prevent acute decompensation.
Pediatric delirium: epidemiology and outcomes
Authors: Siegel Elana J. , Traube Chani 
Published: October 2020

Purpose of review
Delirium is a frequent complication of serious medical illness in children. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent data on the epidemiology and outcomes related to pediatric delirium, and discuss prevention strategies.

Recent findings
Delirium rates in the pediatric ICU are greater than 25%. Delirium in children is associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and hospital length of stay, increased costs, and excess mortality. Pediatric delirium may affect postdischarge cognition and quality of life. Recent initiatives targeting universal screening, early mobilization, and minimization of benzodiazepine-based sedation have shown reduction in delirium prevalence.

Summary
Widespread screening is needed in critically ill children to detect and mitigate delirium. The identification of modifiable risk factors has provided an opportunity for delirium prevention. Large-scale longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the long-term sequelae of delirium in children.
Reducing Unplanned Extubations in a Level IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: The Elusive Benchmark
Authors: Mahaseth Maheshwar , Woldt Eunice , Zajac Mary Ellen , Mazzeo Brande , Basirico Jennie , Natarajan Girija 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
Unplanned extubation (UE) is a common adverse event in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). At our level IV NICU, we initiated a quality improvement project in 2012 to reduce UE rates from 7.47 to below 100 intubated days. We describe the strategies used.

Methods:
Multiple plan-do-study-act cycles were performed to address key drivers. Important interventions focused on staff education, consistent use of a new endotracheal (ET) tube securing device, 2 providers during bedside activities, documentation of ET tube position, and targeted sedation. Process measures included immediate root cause analyses for UE events and the use of the endotracheal tube securing device. The primary outcome was the UE rate per 100 intubated days.

Results:
Over a nearly 6-year study period, quarterly UE rates decreased from 7.19 to 0.66 per 100 intubated days. The proportion of neonates requiring reintubation remained stable (64%–76%). Rates of root cause analysis completion and use of the ET securing device were more than 90% in the last 3 years of the study. The majority (61%) of UE events occurred in infants with birth weights greater than 2 kg, and 46% of infants had a prior UE. UE was associated with desaturation (50%), bradycardia (22%), and the need for resuscitation (7%).

Conclusions:
This quality improvement effort in a level IV NICU achieved a reduction in UE rates to below 1 per 100 intubated days after more than 5 years. Consistency in practices and widespread communication with the staff was critical to the effort.