bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Causes and Management of Asymmetrical Double Eyelids
Authors: Kim Chang Yeom , Jang Jae Woo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBlepharoplasty is a commonly performed aesthetic surgery, especially in Asians. Nevertheless, as in all surgeries, postoperative complications still occur. Asymmetry is the most common complication after double eyelid surgery. Preexisting asymmetries in patient appearance and technical faults during surgery are associated with postoperative asymmetrical double eyelids. In this review, we discuss how to prevent unfavorable outcomes after this procedure and how to manage asymmetrical double eyelids when they do occur.
ESR and CRP Diagnostic Thresholds for Prosthetic Joint Infection in Hip Hemiarthroplasty
Authors: Warren Jared A. , Scotting Oliver , Anis Hiba K. , Bircher James , Klika Alison K. , Kamath Atul F. , Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Higuera Carlos A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDiagnostic thresholds used to standardize the definition for prosthetic joint infection (PJI) have largely focused on total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Established PJI thresholds exist for serum erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in TJA; however, they do not exist for revision hip hemiarthroplasty (rHHA). The purpose of this study was to establish thresholds for (1) ESR and (2) CRP to diagnose PJI in rHHA. Data were collected on a prospective cohort of 69 rHHA patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery between 1/2017 and 2/2019 in a single health care system. Procedures were categorized as septic or aseptic revisions using Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria (2013). There were 44 ESRs (n = 28 aseptic, n = 16 septic) and 46 CRPs (n = 29 aseptic, n = 17 septic) available for analysis. Two tailed t-tests were performed to compare the mean ESR and CRP in aseptic and septic cases. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to obtain diagnostic cutoff thresholds using the Youden's Index (J) for ESR and CRP. The mean ESR was 50.3 ± 30.6 mm/h versus 15.4 ± 17.7 mm/h (p < 0.001), while the mean CRP was 29.9 ± 24.8 mg/L versus 4.1 ± 8.2 mg/L (p < 0.001) for septic and aseptic revisions, respectively. The diagnostic threshold for PJI determined by the ROC curve was 44 mm/h for ESR (sensitivity = 56.3%; specificity = 100.0%; J = 0.563; area under the curve (AUC) = 0.845), while it was 12.5 mg/L for CRP (sensitivity = 70.6%; specificity = 96.6%; J = 0.672; AUC = 0.896). For patients with HHA, an ESR of 44 mm/h was and a CRP of 12.5 mg/L was highly specific for PJI. The thresholds are similar to the MSIS thresholds currently published. Larger prospective trials are needed to establish more robust and conclusive diagnostic criteria for PJI in HHA, including investigations not only of ESR and CRP but synovial white blood cell count and synovial polymorphonuclear leukocytes % as well.
Advances in Oromandibular Reconstruction with Three-Dimensional Printing
Authors: Bender-Heine Adam , Petrisor Daniel , Wax Mark K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe mandibular structures are a complex anatomical structure that is fundamental to many physiological and homeostatic functions. It may be involved in many pathological processes that require partial or complete removal. When this happens, reconstruction is mandatory to improve cosmetic outcome with its effect on social interaction as well as to provide an opportunity for complete dental rehabilitation with restoration of all physiological functions. This article will review the different reconstructive options available for complex defects of the mandibular complex. It will highlight the surgical options available to maximize functional restoration. Finally, it will discuss computer modeling to optimize reconstructive planning.
Taking an Idea from Inception to Innovation: Evolution in Restrictive Transfusion Criteria
Authors: Wax Mark K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInnovation in surgical care is a complex procedure. When you reflect on how your practice has changed, whether it be 5 years or over decades, it can be enlightening to not only see the change but also conceptualize how it came about. Examining one's practice as part of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index or as a result of reading the literature, attending a meeting, or some other educational activity can lead one to question if there is a better method available. In this manuscript, I will describe how outside influences initiated a paradigm shift that ultimately benefited patient care, the system, and my practice. The methodology has been used over the course of my career to influence and modulate practice patterns.
The Number of Concomitant Drugs and the Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Routine Care Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: van den Dries Carline J. , van Doorn Sander , Souverein Patrick , Pajouheshnia Romin , Moons Karel G.M. , Hoes Arno W. , Geersing Geert-Jan , van den Ham Hendrika A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background The benefit of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) versus vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) on major bleeding was less prominent among atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with polypharmacy in post-hoc randomized controlled trials analyses. Whether this phenomenon also exists in routine care is unknown. The aim of the study is to investigate whether the number of concomitant drugs prescribed modifies safety and effectiveness of DOACs compared with VKAs in AF patients treated in general practice.
Study Design Adult, nonvalvular AF patients with a first DOAC or VKA prescription between January 2010 and July 2018 were included, using data from the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Primary outcome was major bleeding, secondary outcomes included types of major bleeding, nonmajor bleeding, ischemic stroke, and all-cause mortality. Effect modification was assessed using Cox proportional hazard regression, stratified for the number of concomitant drugs into three strata (0–5, 6–8, ≥9 drugs), and by including the continuous variable in an interaction term with the exposure (DOAC vs. VKA).
Results A total of 63,600 patients with 146,059 person-years of follow-up were analyzed (39,840 person-years of DOAC follow-up). The median age was 76 years in both groups, the median number of concomitant drugs prescribed was 7. Overall, the hazard of major bleeding was similar between VKA-users and DOAC-users (hazard ratio [HR] 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87–1.11), though for apixaban a reduction in major bleeding was observed (HR 0.81; 95% CI 0.68–0.98). Risk of stroke was comparable, while risk of nonmajor bleeding was lower in DOAC users compared with VKA users (HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.88–0.97). We did not observe any evidence for an impact of polypharmacy on the relative risk of major bleeding between VKA and DOAC across our predefined three strata of concomitant drug use (p-value for interaction = 0.65). For mortality, however, risk of mortality was highest among DOAC users, increasing with polypharmacy and independent of the type of DOAC prescribed (p-value for interaction <0.01).
Conclusion In this large observational, population-wide study of AF patients, risk of bleeding, and ischemic stroke were comparable between DOACs and VKAs, irrespective of the number of concomitant drugs prescribed. In AF patients with increasing polypharmacy, our data appeared to suggest an unexplained yet increased risk of mortality in DOAC-treated patients, compared with VKA recipients.
Direct Percutaneous Puncture and Embolization of Visceral Pseudoaneurysm: Safety and Clinical Efficacy
Authors: Kumar Sunil K. , Singh Jagadeesh R. , Kumar Mahesh , Nagbhushan K.N. , Reddy Nageshwar D. , Rao G.V. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose The aim of the study is to assess the safety and clinical effectiveness of direct percutaneous embolization of visceral artery pseudoaneurysms.
Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis of patients who had undergone direct percutaneous embolization of visceral artery pseudoaneurysms between January 2012 and May 2017 was performed. The study included 26 patients with a mean age of 36 years (range 10–71 years). The indications for direct percutaneous embolization included the inability to catheterize endovascularly (n = 24) or prior embolization (n = 2) of the feeding artery. Patient demographics, details of the procedure, complications, and outcomes were evaluated. Patients were followed for a mean of 15 months to assess for recurrence of the pseudoaneurysms on ultrasound.
Results Splenic artery (n = 13), gastroduodenal artery (n = 4), right hepatic artery (n = 3), pancreaticoduodenal arteries (n = 3), left gastric artery (n = 2), and left hepatic artery (n = 1) were the embolized arteries. Etiology for pseudoaneurysm were pancreatitis (n = 20), trauma (n = 2), postoperative (n = 2), and few were incidentally detected (n = 2). N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) with lipiodol was used in 23 (88.4%) patients, coil in one (3.8%), and both coil and NBCA in two patients (7.7%). Embolization of the pseudoaneurysm was successful in all cases. No procedure-related complication was observed. Follow-up showed no recurrence of the pseudoaneurysm. Self-limiting splenic infarct was seen in six patients. Self-limiting abdominal pain was seen in all the patients with embolization with NBCA. One patient developed liver infarct and subsequent liver abscess requiring percutaneous drainage.
Conclusion Direct percutaneous embolization is safe and effective in the treatment of visceral artery pseudoaneurysms and should be considered as an alternative in patients with a failed endovascular approach.
Hypertrophied Right Inferior Phrenic Artery in Cirrhotic Patients without Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Interesting Observation on 256 Slice Multidetector Computed Tomography
Authors: Kulkarni Chinmay Bhimaji , Nazar P. K. , Pullara Sreekumar Karumathil , Prabhu Nirmal Kumar , Moorthy Srikanth 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAim To evaluate whether right inferior phrenic artery (RIPA) is a source of extrahepatic arterial supply to the liver in cirrhotic patients without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using 256 slice computed tomography (CT).Materials and Methods Institutional review board approval was obtained for this retrospective study. A total of 262 consecutive cirrhotic patients (male:female–172:90; mean age 56.45 ± 12.96 years) without HCC and hepatic vascular invasion, and who underwent technically successful multiphase CT, were included in the study. Additionally, 280 noncirrhotic patients (male:female–169:111; mean age 54.56 ± 14.21 years) who underwent abdominal multiphase CT scans for indications other than liver disease and did not have focal liver lesions or hepatic vascular disease were included as a control group. The RIPA and left inferior phrenic artery (LIPA) diameters were measured at the level of the ascending segment of IPA located anterior to the diaphragmatic crus. The relationship between RIPA diameters and Child–Pugh score was assessed.Results The cirrhotic patient group and control group were matched for age (p = 0.11) and gender (p = 0.20). The mean diameter of RIPA in the cirrhotic group (1.93 ± 0.4 mm) was significantly higher than in the control group (1.50 ± 0.5 mm), p < 0.001. The mean diameter of LIPA in the cirrhotic group (1.34 ± 0.5 mm) was not significantly higher than in the control group (1.30 ± 0.5 mm), p = 0.32. We found a statistically linear and moderate degree relationship between RIPA diameter values and Child–Pugh scores (p = 0.002, r = 0.593).Conclusion RIPA is hypertrophied in patients with cirrhosis without HCC. It may be an important contributor to the blood flow to the liver in cirrhotic patients even without HCC, especially with portal hypertension.
Radiation Necrosis of the Lateral Skull Base and Temporal Bone
Authors: Herr Marc W. , Vincent Aurora G. , Skotnicki Meghan A. , Ducic Yadranko , Manolidis Spiros 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRadiation therapy plays a critical role in the treatment of malignancies involving the head and neck. Although the therapeutic effects of ionizing radiation are achieved, normal tissues are also susceptible to injury and significant long-term sequelae. Osteoradionecrosis of the temporal bone (ORNTB) is among the many complications that can arise after therapy. ORNTB is a debilitating and potentially lethal condition that continues to challenge patients and treating physicians. Herein, we review the pathophysiology, presentation, work-up, and management of ORNTB.
Complications in Skull Base Surgery and Subsequent Repair
Authors: Wang Weitao , Shokri Tom , Manolidis Spiros , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOver the past several decades, endoscopic sinus surgery has revolutionized the approach to skull base surgery. Open skull base approaches remain a viable option for advanced skull base tumors. Complications have gone down with increased reliability of vascularized tissue transfer. In this article, the authors explore the various complications that can present following skull base surgery and review the approaches for repair when such issues are encountered.
Paradigms in Complex Facial Scar Management
Authors: Shokri Tom , Smith Jesse , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe process of scar formation is a sequela of the healing following soft tissue injury extending to, or through, the reticular dermis. Scars, within the head and neck in particular, may be physically disfiguring with resultant psychosocial implications. Mitigation of excessive scar formation during the healing process following surgery, or in the setting of trauma, begins with meticulous soft tissue handling and reconstructive technique. The reconstructive surgeon's armamentarium must therefore include techniques that minimize initial scar formation and revision techniques that address unfavorable outcomes. With this in mind, this article reviews both conservative nonsurgical and surgical treatment modalities that mitigate scar formation or address mature scar formation.
Final report on APMP.QM-K18.2016 key comparison on pH measurement of carbonate buffer
Authors: Asakai Toshiaki , Maksimov Igor , Onuma Sachiko , Bastkowski Frank , Sander Beatrice , Aparicio José Luis Ortiz , Manzano Judith Velina Lara , Lo Samuel M F , Poon Desmond K F , Delgado Mabel , Avendaño Paola , Amaya Ronald Cristancho , Quezada Henry Torres , Gonzaga Fabiano Barbieri , Pardellas Leonardo da Silva , Dias S D I , Gunawardana D , Hongyu Xiu , Bing Wu , Tangpaisarnkul Nongluck , Rodruangthum Patumporn , Gavrilkin Vladimir V , Petrenko Anton V , Prokunin Sergey , Vengina Darya , Dobrovolskiy Vladimir 
Published: December 2020

Main text
This key comparison is being performed to evaluate the degree of equivalence of measurement procedures to support the participants' claims of Calibration and Measurement Capabilities (CMCs) and to evaluate the capabilities of participants for the determination of the pH of carbonate buffer solutions.
This is the fourth APMP key comparison on pH measurement following APMP.QM-K9/P16 (phosphate), APMP.QM-K19/P25 (borate) and APMP.QM-K91/P29 (phthalate).
The results have the linkage to CCQM-K18.2016 (carbonate buffer) and were evaluated by comparing the results of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) and the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) performing Harned cell method. The results of PTB and NMIJ were used for the definition of the Key Comparison Reference Value (KCRV). The ensuing pH value was calculated based on the Bates-Guggenheim convention to compare the results of primary and secondary methods.
In this comparison measurements of pH were performed only at the temperature of 25 °C.
The results demonstrated by most participants are in better agreement than those in CCQM-K18.2016.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Report of the CCQM-K152. Assay of potassium iodate
Authors: Sobina Alena , Shimolin Alexandr , Sobina Egor , Tabatchikova Tatyana , Ortiz-Aparicio José Luis , Lara-Manzano Judith Velina , Borges Paulo Paschoal , Neves Rodrigo de Santis , Sobral Sidney Pereira , Sena Rodrigo Caciano de , Osorio Ana Catalina Palacios , Almeida Marcelo Dominguez de , Iglesias Ana , Lozano Hernán , Liandi Ma , Bing Wu , Naijie Shi , Tao Zhou , Jianying Zhang , Asakai Toshiaki , Mariassy Michal , Uysal Emrah , Liv Lokman , Tunc Murat , Coskun F Gonca 
Published: December 2020

Main text
The CCQM-K152 key comparison in parallel with CCQM-P192 pilot comparison were organised jointly by the Inorganic Analysis (IAWG) and Electrochemical Analysis and Classical Chemical methods (EAWG) working groups of CCQM to test the abilities of the metrology institutes to measure the amount content of the non-metallic elements in high purity salts as well as assaying high purity salts to be used as primary standards.
Eight NMIs participated in the key comparison CCQM-K152. Ural Research Institute for Metrology (UNIIM) (since 2020 it has been called Affiliated Branch of D.I.Mendeleev Institute for Metrology (VNIIM-UNIIM)), Russian Federation, acted as the coordinating laboratory of the comparison. There were two measurands: the amount content of oxidants expressed as potassium iodate, mol/kg, and the mass fraction of iodine, kg/kg. The measurement methods used by participants for the amount content of oxidants expressed as potassium iodate were constant current coulometry and titrimetry. For the mass fraction of iodine results were provided by 5 NMIs, 3 of them used the direct approach (recalculation from coulometric or titrimetric results) and 2 NMIs implemented the indirect approach based on impurities assessment using combination of the instrumental methods (ion chromatography, ICP OES, ICP MS).
In general, good overlap of results was observed for both measurands. Direct and indirect approaches for purity determination of pure salt provide overlapping results when impurities are summarized in ionic form. The suitability of coulometry for assay of high purity materials was demonstrated again, and some possible technical problems were highlighted.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
CCQM-K143 comparison of copper calibration solutions prepared by NMIs/DIs
Authors: Molloy John L , Winchester Michael R , Butler Therese A , Possolo Antonio M , Rienitz Olaf , Roethke Anita , Goerlitz Volker , Sena Rodrigo Caciano de , Almeida Marcelo Dominguez , Yang Lu , Methven Brad , Nadeau Kenny , Arancibia Patricia Romero , Bing Wu , Tao Zhou , Snell James , Vogl Jochen , Koenig Maren , Kotnala R K , Tripathy S Swarupa , Elishian Christine , Ketrin Rosi , Suzuki Toshihiro , Okumu Tom Oduor , Yim Yong-Hyeon , Heo Sung Woo , Min Hyung Sik , Han Myung Sub , Lim Youngran , Manzano Judith Velina Lara , Regalado Francisco Segoviano , Torres Maria del Rocio Arvizu , Moya Edith Valle , Buzoianu Mirella , Sobina Alena , Zyskin Veniamin , Sobina Egor , Migal Pavel , Linsky Maré , Can Süleyman Z , Ari Betul , Infante Heidi Goenaga 
Published: December 2020

Main text
CCQM-K143 is a key comparison that assesses participants' ability to prepare single element calibration solutions. Preparing calibration solutions properly is the cornerstone of establishing a traceability link to the International System of Units (SI), and therefore should be tested in order to confirm the validity of CCQM comparisons of more complex materials. CCQM-K143 consisted of participants each preparing a single copper calibration solution at 10 g/kg copper mass fraction and shipping 10 bottled aliquots of that solution to the coordinating laboratory, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The masses and mass fraction for the prepared solutions were documented with the submitted samples.
The solutions prepared by all participants were measured at NIST by high performance inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (HP-ICP-OES). The intensity measurements for copper were not mapped onto values of mass fraction via calibration. Instead, ratios were computed between the measurements for copper and simultaneous measurements for manganese, the internal standard, and all subsequent data reductions, including the computation of the KCRV and the degrees of equivalence, were based on these ratios. Other than for two participants whose measurement results appeared to suffer from calculation or preparation errors, all unilateral degrees of equivalence showed that the measured values did not differ significantly from the KCRV. These results were confirmed by a second set of ICP-OES measurements performed by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). CCQM-K143 showed that participants are capable of preparing calibration solutions starting from high purity, assayed copper metal. Similar steps are involved when preparing solutions for other elements, so it seems safe to infer that similar capabilities should prevail when preparing many different, single-element solutions.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
The signature of internal variability in the terrestrial carbon cycle
Authors: Bonan Gordon B , Lombardozzi Danica L , Wieder William R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Uncertainty in model initial states produces uncertainty in climate simulations because of unforced variability internal to the climate system. Climate scientists use initial-condition ensembles to separate the forced signal of climate change from the unforced internal variability. Our analysis of an 11-member initial-condition ensemble from the Community Earth System Model Version 2 that spans the period 1850–2014 shows that a similar ensemble approach is needed to robustly assess trends in the terrestrial carbon cycle. Uncertainty in model initialization gives rise to internal variability that masks trends in carbon fluxes, and also creates spurious unforced trends, during the period 1960–2014 across North America, meaning that a single model realization can diverge from the observational record or from other models simply because of random behavior. The forced response is, however, evident in the ensemble mean and emerges from the noise of unforced variability at decadal timescales. Our results suggest that trends in the observational record must be interpreted with caution because of multiple possible histories that would have been observed if the sequence of internal variability had unfolded differently. Furthermore, internal variability produces irreducible uncertainty in the carbon cycle, leading to ambiguity in the magnitude and sign of carbon cycle trends, especially at small spatial scales and short timescales. The small spread in initial land carbon pools at 1850 suggests that internal climate variability arising from atmospheric and oceanic initialization, not the biogeochemical initialization, is the predominant cause of carbon cycle variability among ensemble members. Initial-condition ensembles with other Earth system models are needed to develop a multi-model understanding of internal variability in the terrestrial carbon cycle.