bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advantages of a Fixation-Free Technique for Open Retromuscular Ventral Hernia Repair
Authors: Etemad Shervin A. , Huang Li-Ching , Phillips Sharon , Stewart Thomas G. , Pierce Richard A. , Schneeberger Steven J. , Poulose Benjamin K. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
In open retromuscular ventral hernia repair, fixation-free mesh placement is increasingly prevalent and may minimize pain; the main concern with this technique is short-term technical failure and hernia recurrence. This study compared outcomes following mechanical mesh fixation (i.e., sutures, staples, tacks) versus fixation-free mesh placement.

Methods:
Adults who underwent open, elective, retromuscular ventral hernia repair of 15 cm width or less with permanent synthetic mesh placement in a clean wound were identified. Propensity score matching was used to compare patients who received mechanical mesh fixation to those who received fixation-free mesh placement. Thirty-day hernia recurrence was the primary outcome, with secondary outcomes of 30-day hospital length of stay and 30-day rates of readmission, reoperation, wound events, pain, and abdominal wall function. One- and 2-year composite recurrence and 3-year cumulative composite recurrence were also evaluated.

Results:
A 3:1 propensity score match was performed on 299 fixation-free patients identifying 897 mechanical fixation patients, with a mean body mass index of 31 kg/m2 and mean age of 57.5 years. There was no difference in 30-day recurrence between mechanical and fixation-free approaches (0.2 percent versus 0 percent; p = 1). Median length of stay was longer for mechanical fixation (4 versus 3 days; p = 0.002). In the mechanical fixation group, pain scores were higher (worse pain, 46 versus 44; p = 0.001), and abdominal wall function scores were lower (worse function, 47 versus 60; p = 0.003), with no differences in rates of hospital readmission, reoperation, or wound events. There were no differences in long-term outcomes of 1- and 2-year composite recurrence, or 3-year cumulative composite recurrence.

Conclusion:
For short-term technical durability, fixation-free mesh placement in open retromuscular ventral hernia repair is an acceptable alternative to mechanical fixation for hernia defects of 15 cm or less.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Prospective Observational Evaluation of the ER-REBOA Catheter at 6 U.S. Trauma Centers
Authors: Moore Laura J. , Fox Erin E. , Meyer David E. , Wade Charles E. , Podbielski Jeanette M. , Xu Xun , Morrison Jonathon J. , Scalea Thomas , Fox Charles J. , Moore Ernest E. , Morse Brian C. , Inaba Kenji , Bulger Eileen M. , Holcomb John B. 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
To describe the current use of the ER-REBOA catheter and associated outcomes and complications.

Introduction:
Noncompressible truncal hemorrhage is the leading cause of potentially preventable death in trauma patients. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a novel strategy to obtain earlier temporary hemorrhage control, supporting cardiac, and cerebral perfusion before definitive hemostasis.

Methods:
Prospective, observational study conducted at 6 Level 1 Trauma Centers over 12-months. Inclusion criteria were age >15 years of age with evidence of truncal hemorrhage below the diaphragm and decision for emergent hemorrhage control intervention within 60 minutes of arrival. REBOA details, demographics, mechanism of injury, complications, and outcomes were collected.

Results:
A total of 8166 patients were screened for enrollment. In 75, REBOA was utilized for temporary hemorrhage control. Blunt injury occurred in 80% with a median injury severity score (ISS) 34 (21, 43). Forty-seven REBOAs were placed in Zone 1 and 28 in Zone 3. REBOA inflation increased systolic blood pressure from 67 (40, 83) mm Hg to 108 (90, 128) mm Hg 5 minutes after inflation (P = 0.02). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was ongoing during REBOA insertion in 17 patients (26.6%) and 10 patients (58.8%) had return of spontaneous circulation after REBOA inflation. The procedural complication rate was 6.6%. Overall mortality was 52%.

Conclusion:
REBOA can be used in blunt and penetrating trauma patients, including those in arrest. Balloon inflation uniformly improved hemodynamics and was associated with a 59% rate of return of spontaneous circulation for patients in arrest. Use of the ER-REBOA catheter is technically safe with a low procedural complication rate.
Bleeding to death in a big city: An analysis of all trauma deaths from hemorrhage in a metropolitan area during 1 year
Authors: Kalkwarf Kyle J. , Drake Stacy A. , Yang Yijiong , Thetford Caitlin , Myers Lauren , Brock Morgan , Wolf Dwayne A. , Persse David , Wade Charles E. , Holcomb John B. 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND
Hemorrhage is the most common cause of potentially preventable trauma deaths, but no studies have focused on all civilian traumatic deaths from hemorrhage, so we describe a year of these deaths from a large county to identify opportunities for preventing hemorrhagic deaths.

METHODS
All trauma-related deaths in Harris County, Texas, in 2014 underwent examination by the medical examiner; patients were excluded if hemorrhage was not their primary reason for death. Deaths were then categorized as preventable/potentially preventable hemorrhage (PPH) or nonpreventable hemorrhage. These categories were compared across mechanism of injury, death location, and anatomic locations of hemorrhage to determine significant differences.

RESULTS
A total of 1,848 deaths were reviewed, and 305 were from uncontrolled hemorrhage. One hundred thirty-seven (44.9%) of these deaths were PPH. Of these PPH, 49 (35.8%) occurred prehospital and an additional 28 (20.4%) died within 1 hour of arriving at an acute care setting. Of the 83 PPH who arrived at a hospital, 21 (25.3%) died at a center not designated as level 1. Isolated truncal bleeding was the source of hemorrhage in 102 (74.5%) of the PPH. Of those who died with truncal PPH, the distribution was 22 chest (21.6%), 39 chest and abdomen (38.2%), 16 abdomen (15.7%), and 25 all other combinations (24.5%). When patients who died within 1 hour of arrival to a hospital were combined with the 168 deaths that occurred prehospital, 223 (74.3%) of 300 deaths occurred before spending 1 hour in a hospital and 77 (34.5%) of 223 of these deaths were PPH.

CONCLUSION
In a well-developed, urban trauma system, 34.5% of patients died from PPH in the prehospital setting or within an hour of hospitalization. Earlier, more effective prehospital resuscitation and truncal hemorrhage control strategies are needed to decrease deaths from PPH.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care management, level IV.
Treatment of Isolated Cataplexy With Low-dose Aripiprazole in an Adolescent Patient
Authors: Uzun Necati , Akıncı Mehmet Akif 
Published: June 2020

Background
Cataplexy is a clinical entity that is characterized by transient muscle tone loss that mostly occurring as a part of narcolepsy. On the other hand, isolated cataplexy (IC) (hereditary cataplexy) is defined as loss of muscle tone that is not accompanied by narcolepsy. Emotional reactions may trigger IC episodes. Additionally, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQB1 alleles were shown to be related to IC. Various antidepressants are useful in the treatment of IC; however, there is limited knowledge on the use of antipsychotics in the treatment of IC.

Case Report
A 16-year-old adolescent girl was consulted child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic with complaint of sudden episodes of loss of muscle tone. Her HLA typing showed HLA DQB1*03 haplotype. She was diagnosed with IC and was prescribed aripiprazole 2.5 mg/d and her IC symptoms disappeared and never recurred over 6 months of follow-up.

Conclusions
In this case report, we present an adolescent girl with IC that is successfully treated with aripiprazole, an antipsychotic. This case report suggests that aripiprazole may be safely used in some adolescents who diagnosed with IC.
Validity of International Classification of Diseases Codes for Identifying Neuro-Ophthalmic Disease in Large Data Sets: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hamedani Ali G. , De Lott Lindsey B. , Deveney Tatiana , Moss Heather E. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Administrative health claims data have been used for research in neuro-ophthalmology, but the validity of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for identifying neuro-ophthalmic conditions is unclear.

Evidence Acquisition:
We performed a systematic literature review to assess the validity of administrative claims data for identifying patients with neuro-ophthalmic disorders. Two reviewers independently reviewed all eligible full-length articles and used a standardized abstraction form to identify ICD code–based definitions for 9 neuro-ophthalmic conditions and their sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). A quality assessment of eligible studies was also performed.

Results:
Eleven articles that met criteria for inclusion are as follows: 3 studies of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (PPV 54%–91% and NPV 74%–85%), 2 studies of giant cell arteritis (sensitivity 30%–96% and PPV 94%), 3 studies of optic neuritis (sensitivity 76%–99%, specificity 83%–100%, PPV 25%–100%, and NPV 98%–100%), 1 study of neuromyelitis optica (sensitivity 60%, specificity 100%, PPV 43%–100%, and NPV 98%–100%), 1 study of ocular motor cranial neuropathies (PPV 98%–99%), and 2 studies of myasthenia gravis (sensitivity 53%–97%, specificity 99%–100%, PPV 5%–90%, and NPV 100%). No studies met eligibility criteria for nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy, thyroid eye disease, and blepharospasm. Approximately 45.5% provided only one measure of diagnostic accuracy. Complete information about the validation cohorts, inclusion/exclusion criteria, data collection methods, and expertise of those reviewing charts for diagnostic accuracy was missing in 90.9%, 72.7%, 81.8%, and 36.4% of studies, respectively.

Conclusions:
Few studies have reported the validity of ICD codes for neuro-ophthalmic conditions. The range of diagnostic accuracy for some disorders and study quality varied widely. This should be taken into consideration when interpreting studies of neuro-ophthalmic conditions using administrative claims data.
Predictive Value of International Classification of Diseases Codes for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in a University Health System
Authors: Khushzad Fareshta , Kumar Riya , Muminovic Irma , Moss Heather E. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Misclassification bias is introduced into medical claims–based research because of reliance on diagnostic coding rather than full medical record review. We sought to characterize this bias for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and evaluate strategies to reduce it.

Methods:
A retrospective review of medical records was conducted using a clinical data warehouse containing medical records and administrative data from an academic medical center. Patients with 1 or more instances of International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 or -10 codes for IIH (348.2 or G93.2) between 1989 and 2017 and original results of neuroimaging (head CT or MRI), lumbar puncture, and optic nerve examination were included in the study. Diagnosis of IIH was classified as definite, probable, possible, or inaccurate based on review of medical records. The positive predictive value (PPV) for IIH ICD codes was calculated for all subjects, subjects with an IIH code after all testing was completed, subjects with high numbers of IIH ICD codes and codes spanning longer periods, subjects with IIH ICD codes associated with expert encounters (ophthalmology, neurology, or neurosurgery), and subjects with acetazolamide treatment.

Results:
Of 1,005 patients with ICD codes for IIH, 103 patients had complete testing results and were included in the study. PPV of ICD-9/-10 codes for IIH was 0.63. PPV in restricted samples was 0.82 (code by an ophthalmologist n = 57), 0.70 (acetazolamide treatment n = 87), and 0.72 (code after all testing, n = 78). High numbers of code instances and longer duration between the first and last code instance also increased the PPV.

Conclusions:
An ICD-9 or -10 code for IIH had a PPV of 63% for probable or definite IIH in patients with necessary diagnostic testing performed at a single institution. Coding accuracy was improved in patients with an IIH ICD code assigned by an ophthalmologist. Use of coding algorithms considering treatment providers, number of codes, and treatment is a potential strategy to reduce misclassification bias in medical claims–based research on IIH. However, these are associated with a reduced sample size.
Recurrent Third Nerve Palsy Secondary to Instrinsic Schwannoma of the Third Cranial Nerve
Authors: Margolin Edward , Jeeva-Patel Trishal , Al Shafai Laila 
Published: June 2020

Abstract:
A 78 year-old woman has experienced multiple episodes of transient right third nerve palsy over the course of 15 years and has undergone multiple imaging studies as well as investigations for myasthenia gravis and giant cell arteritis in search for the diagnosis. When seen after the most recent episode, MRI with contrast and Fast-Imaging Employing Steady-State Acquisition protocol revealed a subtle enlargement and enhancement of the cisternal and proximal cavernous portions of the right third cranial nerve. An empiric diagnosis of schwannoma intrinsic to third cranial nerve was made. All patients with cyclical third nerve palsies should have appropriate neuroimaging to rule out subtle structural lesions before other investigations are undertaken.
Unilateral Blindness With Bilateral Brain Infarction After Cosmetic Facial Filler Injection
Authors: Lee Jong Suk , Kim Jun Yup , Woo Se Joon 
Published: June 2020

Background:
To describe a case of bilateral brain infarction associated with iatrogenic ophthalmic artery occlusion after cosmetic facial filler injection and to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of bilateral brain infarction.

Methods:
Case report and review of the literature.

Results:
A case of unilateral blindness due to iatrogenic ophthalmic artery occlusion accompanied by bilateral brain infarction after cosmetic facial filler injection is described. Fluorescein angiographic images demonstrate ischemia of the retina and choroid. Associated bilateral brain infarction was observed on MRI.

Conclusions:
Bilateral embolic events after facial filler injection are very rare. However, several cases of unilateral iatrogenic ophthalmic or retinal artery occlusion accompanied by bilateral brain infarction have been reported. The possible route of filler material to the contralateral cerebral artery is through the anterior communicating artery. Brain infarction, especially contralateral embolic events, should be considered in severe cases of iatrogenic ophthalmic artery occlusion after facial filler injection.
Obeying orders reduces vicarious brain activation towards victims’ pain
Authors: Caspar Emilie A. , Ioumpa Kalliopi , Keysers Christian , Gazzola Valeria 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTPast historical events and experimental research have shown complying with the orders from an authority has a strong impact on people’s behaviour. However, the mechanisms underlying how obeying orders influences moral behaviours remain largely unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis that when male and female humans inflict a painful stimulation to another individual, their empathic response is reduced when this action complied with the order of an experimenter (coerced condition) in comparison with being free to decide to inflict that pain (free condition). We observed that even if participants knew that the shock intensity delivered to the ‘victim’ was exactly the same during coerced and free conditions, they rated the shocks as less painful in the coerced condition. MRI results further indicated that obeying orders reduced activity associated with witnessing the shocks to the victim in the ACC, insula/IFG, TPJ, the MTG and dorsal striatum (including the caudate and the putamen) as well as neural signatures of vicarious pain in comparison with being free to decide. We also observed that participants felt less responsible and showed reduced activity in a multivariate neural guilt signature in the coerced than in the free condition, suggesting that this reduction of neural response associated with empathy could be linked to a reduction of felt responsibility and guilt. These results highlight that obeying orders has a measurable influence on how people perceive and process others’ pain. This may help explain how people’s willingness to perform moral transgressions is altered in coerced situations.
Olfactory-Trigeminal Integration in the Primary Olfactory Cortex
Authors: Karunanayaka Prasanna R. , Lu Jiaming , Elyan Rommy , Yang Qing X. , Sathian K. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTHumans naturally integrate signals from the olfactory and intranasal trigeminal systems. A tight interplay has been demonstrated between these two systems, and yet the underlying neural circuitry that mediates olfactory-trigeminal integration remains poorly understood. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), combined with psychophysics, this study investigated the neural mechanisms underlying olfactory-trigeminal integration. Fifteen participants with normal olfactory function performed a localization task with air-puff stimuli, phenylethyl alcohol (PEA; rose odor), or a combination thereof while being scanned. The ability to localize PEA to either nostril was at chance. Yet, its presence significantly improved the localization accuracy of weak, but not strong, air-puffs, relative to air-puff localization without concomitant PEA when both stimuli were delivered concurrently to the same nostril, but not when different nostrils received the two stimuli. This enhancement in localization accuracy, exemplifying the principles of spatial coincidence and inverse effectiveness in multisensory integration, was associated with multisensory integrative activity in the primary olfactory (POC), orbitofrontal (OFC), superior temporal (STC), inferior parietal (IPC) and cingulate cortices, and in the cerebellum. Multisensory enhancement in most of these regions, except the OFC, correlated with behavioral multisensory enhancement, as did increases in connectivity between some of these regions. We interpret these findings as indicating that the POC is part of a distributed brain network mediating integration between the olfactory and trigeminal systems.HIGHLIGHTSPsychophysical and neuroimaging study of olfactory-mechanosensory (OM) integrationBehavior, cortical activity and network connectivity show OM integrationOM integration obeys principles of inverse effectiveness and spatial coincidenceBehavioral and neural measures of OM integration are correlated
Elucidation of the antiviral mechanism of cystine and theanine through transcriptome analysis of mice and comparison with COVID-19 gene set data
Authors: Mitsui Akira , Sakai Ryosei , Miwa Kiyoshi , Shibahara Susumu , Kurihara Shigekazu , Nagao Kenji 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTWe previously showed that oral administration of cystine and theanine (CT) to mice confers resistance to influenza virus infection. In human studies, CT prevented colds in healthy subjects and enhanced antibody production after influenza vaccination in elderly individuals with a poor nutritional status. The mechanism of action of CT is thought to be glutathione (GSH)-mediated regulation of intracellular redox, which might affect innate immune systems such as macrophages to exert physiological effects. The effect of CT on influenza is independent of viral type, and this treatment has a broad range of antiviral activities. To explore the mechanisms of CT in viral infection, we performed transcriptome profiling of spleen tissues isolated from influenza A virus (IAV)-infected mice. We identified unique gene signatures in response to CT in the IAV-infected mice. Genes upregulated by CT included redox-regulated genes such as GCLC/GCLM (subunits of glutamate cysteine ligase, a rate-limiting enzyme of GSH biosynthesis), TXN1, TXN2, TXNRD2, and SOD1, suggesting that the intracellular redox environment is substantially altered by CT. However, genes downregulated in response to CT included chemokine/chemokine receptor genes (CCL5, CCL19, CXCL9, CXCL12, CXCR3, CXCR4, and ACKR3), some of which are related to cytokine storm. A comparison with public COVID-19-related gene set data showed that the upregulated gene signature was highly similar to the downregulated gene sets of SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2-infected cells and the upregulated gene set of attenuated SARS-CoV-infected cells. In conclusion, the unique gene signatures observed in response to orally administered CT in IAV-infected mouse spleen tissues suggested that CT may attenuate viral infection, replication and associated symptoms such as cytokine storm.
Evolution of the potassium channel geneKcnj13underlies colour pattern diversification inDaniofish
Authors: Podobnik Marco , Frohnhöfer Hans Georg , Dooley Christopher M. , Eskova Anastasia , Nüsslein-Volhard Christiane , Irion Uwe 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe genetic basis of morphological variation provides a major topic in evolutionary biology1-6. Colour patterns in fish are among the most diverse of all vertebrates. Species of the genusDaniodisplay strikingly different colour patterns ranging from horizontal stripes, to vertical bars or spots7-10. Stripe formation in zebrafish,Danio rerio, oriented by the horizontal myoseptum, is a self-organizing process based on cell-contact-mediated interactions between three types of chromatophores with a leading role of iridophores11-14. We investigated genes known to regulate chromatophore interactions in zebrafish as candidates that might have evolved to produce a pattern of vertical bars in its sibling species,Danio aesculapii8,10. Using gene editing15-17we generated several mutants inD. aesculapiithat demonstrate a lower complexity in the interactions between chromatophores in this species, as well as a minor role of iridophores in patterning. Complementation tests in interspecific hybrids18,19identifiedobelix/Kcnj13, which encodes an inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir7.1)20, as a gene evolved betweenD. rerioandD. aesculapiias well as in two of seven moreDaniospecies tested. Our results demonstrate that the CRISPR/Cas9-system allows straightforward genetic tests also in non-model vertebrates to identify genes that underlie morphological evolution.
Tempo and mode of morphological evolution are decoupled from latitude in birds
Authors: Drury J. , Clavel J. , Tobias J.A. , Rolland J. , Sheard C. , Morlon H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe latitudinal diversity gradient is one of the most striking patterns in nature yet its implications for morphological evolution are poorly understood. In particular, it has been proposed that an increased intensity of species interactions in tropical biota may either promote or constrain trait evolution, but which of these outcomes predominates remains uncertain. Here, we develop tools for fitting phylogenetic models of phenotypic evolution in which the impact of species interactions—namely, competition—can vary across lineages. Deploying these models on a global avian trait dataset to explore differences in trait divergence between tropical and temperate lineages, we find that the effect of latitude on the mode and tempo of morphological evolution is weak and clade- or trait-dependent. Our results indicate that competition does not disproportionately impact morphological evolution in tropical bird families and question the validity of previously reported patterns of slower trait evolution in the tropics.