bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESPIRITUALIDADE/RELIGIOSIDADE: POSSÍVEIS COMPANHIAS NOS DESAFIOS PANDÊMICO - COVID-19
Authors: Porreca Wladimir 
Published: June 2020

Este ensaio se propôs a refletir a companhia da espiritualidade e da religiosidade como um recurso no enfrentamento da realidade pandêmica do COVID-19. Um cenário que impactou a humanidade, colocando a pessoa humana, em suas mais variadas vertentes, diante dos ilusórios e frágeis pilares do individualismo e relativismo, que gerou sentimentos de impotências e inseguranças. Paradoxalmente, sem se afastar da realidade pandêmica, reacendeu nas pessoas a questão da busca do sentido à vida e de recriarem um novo movimento de solidariedade e compaixão, bem como foram mobilizadas por meio da transcendência humana à superação.
A Specific Strain of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Lactobacillus paracasei, Inhibits Inflammasome Activation In Vitro and Prevents Inflammation-Related Disorders
Authors: Suzuki Hiroaki , Yamazaki Takahiro , Ohshio Konomi , Sugamata Miho , Yoshikawa Mia , Kanauchi Osamu , Morita Yuji 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Some strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have anti-inflammatory effects, but the mechanism underlying the alleviation of inflammation by LAB is not fully understood. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effect of a certain strain of LAB, Lactobacillus paracasei, on inflammasome activation, which is associated with various inflammatory disorders. Using bone marrow–derived macrophages from BALB/c mice, we found that L. paracasei, but not L. rhamnosus, suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inhibited subsequent caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion. L. paracasei also had inhibitory effects on AIM2 and NLRC4 inflammasome activation as well as the NLRP3 inflammasome. These inhibitory effects of L. paracasei on inflammasome activation were dependent on autocrine IL-10 induced by L. paracasei–stimulated macrophages. Furthermore, IL-10 production by L. paracasei–stimulated macrophages was involved with phagocytosis and the NOD2 signaling pathway in macrophages. In addition to in vitro studies, oral administration of L. paracasei in C57BL/6 mice reduced monosodium urate crystal–induced peritoneal inflammation in vivo. Moreover, continuous intake of L. paracasei in C57BL/6 mice alleviated high fat diet–induced insulin resistance and aging-induced expression of biomarkers for T cell senescence. Taken together, we demonstrated that L. paracasei inhibits inflammasome activation in vitro and exhibits an anti-inflammatory function in vivo. These results indicate that LAB that have inhibitory effects on inflammasome activation might contribute to the alleviation of inflammation-related disorders.
CTL Clonotypes with Higher TCR Affinity Have Better Ability to Reduce the HIV Latent Reservoir
Authors: Lima Noemia S. , Takata Hiroshi , Huang Szu-Han , Haregot Alexander , Mitchell Julie , Blackmore Stephen , Garland Ayanna , Sy Aaron , Cartwright Pearline , Routy Jean-Pierre , Michael Nelson L. , Appay Victor , Jones R. Brad , Trautmann Lydie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe success of the shock and kill strategy for the HIV cure depends both on the reactivation of the latent reservoir and on the ability of the immune system to eliminate infected cells. As latency reversal alone has not shown any impact in the size of the latent reservoir, ensuring that effector CTLs are able to recognize and kill HIV-infected cells could contribute to reservoir reduction. In this study, we investigated which functional aspects of human CTLs are associated with a better capacity to kill HIV-infected CD4+ T cells. We isolated Gag- and Nef-specific CTL clones with different TCR sequences from the PBMC of donors in acute and chronic infection. High-affinity clonotypes that showed IFN-γ production preserved even when the CD8 coreceptor was blocked, and clones with high Ag sensitivity exhibited higher efficiency at reducing the latent reservoir. Although intrinsic cytotoxic capacity did not differ according to TCR affinity, clonotypes with high TCR affinity showed a better ability to kill HIV-infected CD4+ T cells obtained from in vivo–infected PBMC and subjected to viral reactivation. Strategies aiming to specifically boost and maintain long-living memory CTLs with high TCR affinity in vivo prior to latency-reversing treatment might improve the efficacy of the shock and kill approach to reduce the latent reservoir.
Uncovering a Shared Epitope–Activated Protein Citrullination Pathway
Authors: van Drongelen Vincent , Ali Wahida H. , Holoshitz Joseph 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is closely associated with shared epitope (SE)–coding HLA-DRB1 alleles and circulating anticitrullinated protein Abs (ACPA), but neither the respective pathogenic roles of SE and ACPA in RA nor the mechanisms underlying their coassociation are known. It was recently shown that the SE functions as a signal transduction ligand that activates a cell surface calreticulin-mediated, proarthritogenic, bone erosive pathway in an experimental model of RA. In this study, we demonstrate that stimulation of murine macrophages with LPS or DTT facilitated cell surface translocation of calreticulin, which in turn enabled increased SE-activated calcium signaling and activation of peptidylarginine deiminase with the resultant increased cellular abundance of citrullinated proteins. The i.p. administration of LPS to transgenic mice carrying a human SE-coding HLA-DRB1 allele lead to increased serum levels of TNF-α and anticitrullinated cyclic peptide Abs, along with terminal phalanx bone destruction. These data uncover a previously unknown signal transduction pathway by which the SE facilitates protein citrullination, ACPA production, and bone destruction.
Targeting Antigens to Different Receptors on Conventional Type 1 Dendritic Cells Impacts the Immune Response
Authors: Fossum Even , Tesfaye Demo Yemane , Bobic Sonja , Gudjonsson Arnar , Braathen Ranveig , Lahoud Mireille H. , Caminschi Irina , Bogen Bjarne 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Targeting Ag to surface receptors on conventional type 1 dendritic cells can enhance induction of Ab and T cell responses. However, it is unclear to what extent the targeted receptor influences the resulting responses. In this study, we target Ag to Xcr1, Clec9A, or DEC-205, surface receptors that are expressed on conventional type 1 dendritic cells, and compare immune responses in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice in vitro and in vivo after intradermal DNA vaccination. Targeting hemagglutinin from influenza A to Clec9A induced Ab responses with higher avidity that more efficiently neutralized influenza virus compared with Xcr1 and DEC-205 targeting. In contrast, targeting Xcr1 resulted in higher IFN-γ+CD8+ T cell responses in spleen and lung and stronger cytotoxicity. Both Clec9A and Xcr1 targeting induced Th1-polarized Ab responses, although the Th1 polarization of CD4+ T cells was more pronounced after Xcr1 targeting. Targeting DEC-205 resulted in poor Ab responses in BALB/c mice and a more mixed Th response. In an influenza challenge model, targeting either Xcr1 or Clec9A induced full and long-term protection against influenza infection, whereas only partial short-term protection was obtained when targeting DEC-205. In summary, the choice of targeting receptor, even on the same dendritic cell subpopulation, may strongly influence the resulting immune response, suggesting that different targeting strategies should be considered depending on the pathogen.
N-Glycan Branching Is Required for Development of Mature B Cells
Authors: Mortales Christie-Lynn , Lee Sung-Uk , Demetriou Michael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Galectins have been implicated in inhibiting BCR signaling in mature B cells but promoting pre-BCR signaling during early development. Galectins bind to branched N-glycans attached to cell surface glycoproteins to control the distribution, clustering, endocytosis, and signaling of surface glycoproteins. During T cell development, N-glycan branching is required for positive selection of thymocytes, inhibiting both death by neglect and negative selection via enhanced surface retention of the CD4/CD8 coreceptors and limiting TCR clustering/signaling, respectively. The role of N-glycan branching in B cell development is unknown. In this study, we report that N-glycan branching is absolutely required for development of mature B cells in mice. Elimination of branched N-glycans in developing B cells via targeted deletion of N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase I (Mgat1) markedly reduced cellularity in the bone marrow and/or spleen and inhibited maturation of pre-, immature, and transitional stage 2 B cells. Branching deficiency markedly reduced surface expression of the pre-BCR/BCR coreceptor CD19 and promoted spontaneous death of pre-B cells and immature B cells in vitro. Death was rescued by low-dose pre-BCR/BCR stimulation but exacerbated by high-dose pre-BCR/BCR stimulation as well as antiapoptotic BclxL overexpression in pre-B cells. Branching deficiency also enhanced Nur77 induction, a marker of negative selection. Together, these data suggest that, as in T cells, N-glycan branching promotes positive selection of B cells by augmenting pre-BCR/BCR signaling via CD19 surface retention, whereas limiting negative selection from excessive BCR engagement.
Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells Direct Goblet Cell Differentiation via the LT–LTβR Pathway duringListeriaInfection
Authors: Pian Yaya , Chai Qian , Ren Boyang , Wang Yue , Lv Mengjie , Qiu Ju , Zhu Mingzhao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs a specialized subset of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), goblet cells (GCs) play an important role during the antibacterial response via mucin production. However, the regulatory mechanisms involved in GC differentiation and function during infection, particularly the role of immune cell–IEC cross-talk, remain largely unknown. In this study, using Villin∆Ltbr conditional knockout mice, we demonstrate that LTβR, expressed on IECs, is required for GC hyperplasia and mucin 2 (MUC2) expression during Listeria infection for host defense but not homeostatic maintenance in the naive state. Analysis of single gene-deficient mice revealed that the ligand lymphotoxin (LT), but not LIGHT, and type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), but not conventional T cells, are required for MUC2-dependent Listeria control. Conditional deficiency of LT in ILC3s further confirmed the importance of LT signals derived from ILC3s. Lack of ILC3-derived LT or IEC-derived LTβR resulted in the defective expression of genes related to GC differentiation but was not correlated with IEC proliferation and cell death, which were found to be normal by Ki-67 and Annexin V staining. In addition, the alternative NF-κB signaling pathway (involving RelB) in IECs was found to be required for the expression of GC differentiation-related genes and Muc2 and required for the anti-Listeria response. Therefore, our data together suggest a previously unrecognized ILC3–IEC interaction and LT–LTβR–RelB signaling axis governing GC differentiation and function during Listeria infection for host defense.
TRAF3 Acts as a Checkpoint of B Cell Receptor Signaling to Control Antibody Class Switch Recombination and Anergy
Authors: Chen Zhangguo , Krinsky Alexandra , Woolaver Rachel A. , Wang Xiaoguang , Chen Samantha M. Y. , Popolizio Vince , Xie Ping , Wang Jing H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The BCR recognizes foreign Ags to initiate humoral immunity that needs isotype-switched Abs generated via class switch recombination (CSR); however, stimulating the BCR in the absence of costimulation (e.g., CD40) does not induce CSR; thus, it remains elusive whether and how the BCR induces CSR mechanistically. Autoreactive B cells can maintain anergy via unresponsiveness of their BCRs to self-antigens. However, it remains unknown what molecule(s) restrict BCR signaling strength for licensing BCR-induced CSR and whether deficiency of such molecule(s) disrupts autoreactive B cell anergy and causes B cell–mediated diseases by modulating BCR signaling. In this study, we employ mouse models to show that the BCR’s capacity to induce CSR is restrained by B cell–intrinsic checkpoints TRAF3 and TRAF2, whose deletion in B cells enables the BCR to induce CSR in the absence of costimulation. TRAF3 deficiency permits BCR-induced CSR by elevating BCR-proximal signaling intensity. Furthermore, NF-κB2 is required for BCR-induced CSR in TRAF3-deficient B cells but not for CD40-induced or LPS-induced CSR, suggesting that TRAF3 restricts NF-κB2 activation to specifically limit the BCR’s ability to induce CSR. TRAF3 deficiency also disrupts autoreactive B cell anergy by elevating calcium influx in response to BCR stimulation, leading to lymphoid organ disorders and autoimmune manifestations. We showed that TRAF3 deficiency-associated autoimmune phenotypes can be rectified by limiting BCR repertoires or attenuating BCR signaling strength. Thus, our studies highlight the importance of TRAF3-mediated restraint on BCR signaling strength for controlling CSR, B cell homeostasis, and B cell–mediated disorders.
On Violence and Vulnerability in a Pandemic
Authors: Bernard-Donals Michael 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Pandemics and plagues function rhetorically, by doing violence to the structures of discourse, sociality, hospitality, and mutual engagement that characterize ethical human interaction. They infect us, as rhetorical subjects, and reorient our capacity for engagement. The coronavirus's “novelty” renders it uncertain as to how long it will last or who will be infected next; the near-uniform response to it has been a forced distance of ourselves from others and a displacement from our itineraries and our locations. Through COVID-19 we are learning that pandemic does violence to our sense of place, to how we think of respite, and has highlighted our sense of vulnerability in the midst of others.
On a Different Scale: Movement(s) in a Pandemic
Authors: Burgess Sarah K. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
This essay walks through the ways the pandemic structures and limits our movement in cities. It suggests that our well-worn tropes for walking, in this moment, shore up the power of the state over individual bodies. To imagine the possibility of how bodily movement might resist this power, the essay turns to a rhetorical conception of scale.
Utopia and Crisis
Authors: Happe Kelly E. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
This essay thinks through the relationship between dystopia and utopia, in particular, how the constellation of past and present in radical demands amid state and economic violence (what Weinbaum calls black feminism's philosophy of history) is that which creates “crisis”—an estrangement from the present, a reclaiming of past insurgency, and the possibilities for other worlds.
The Suicidal State: In Advance of an American Requiem
Authors: Murray Stuart J. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Written in late March 2020 in the early days of the U.S. coronavirus outbreak, this essay represents a contingent reflection on the American pandemic response, mourning in anticipation of what would soon surely unfold. I argue that the State's long-standing sacrificial economies have in this moment culminated in a suicidal State. The term is Foucault's, appearing in a controversial lecture on biopolitics, Nazism, and “biological racism.” Despite Foucault's problematic treatment of racism, I suggest that some aspects of this discourse might nevertheless be apropos in our context. The U.S. pandemic response is racism's suicidal State legacy writ large: an extension and retooling of historically racist infrastructures deployed (once again, again) in racialized domains (as more recent reports evidence), but in this moment also across biosocial inequities and vulnerabilities marked by differential fungibilities other than race.
Language in Limbo: Being Suspended between Consolation and Control
Authors: Nethersole Reingard 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Forced by the COVID-19 pandemic into lockdown during intercontinental travels, the author finds herself in limbo. With help from literary precedents such as Dante, Boccaccio, and Defoe supported by a brief interrogation of contemporary utterances surrounding the master trope “virus,” she claims a chiasmic relation between the concepts “consolation” and “control.”
Vaccinatie van jonge kinderen: vrijwillig of (soms) toch verplicht?
Authors: Legemaate J. 
Published: June 2020

Vaccinatie van jonge kinderen: vrijwillig of (soms) toch verplicht?
Van oudsher is in Nederland het vaccinatiebeleid bij jonge kinderen gebaseerd op vrijwilligheid. Onder meer naar aanleiding van een dalende vaccinatiegraad wordt er in toenemende mate voor gepleit in het vaccinatiebeleid elementen met een verplicht karakter op te nemen. Dit zien we ook terug in een wetsvoorstel dat de Tweede Kamer in februari 2020 aanvaardde. In deze bijdrage wordt de discussie over vrijwillig versus verplicht in kaart gebracht en besproken.
De rechtsontwikkeling in het tuchtrecht: van kindermishandeling tot euthanasie
Authors: Kastelein W.R. 
Published: June 2020

De rechtsontwikkeling in het tuchtrecht: van kindermishandeling tot euthanasie
Deze bijdrage behandelt de tuchtrechtelijke jurisprudentie in het licht van het debat dat Jos Dute vele malen voerde over de rechtsontwikkeling in het tuchtrecht in de zorg en de rol en positie van het Centraal Tuchtcollege. Daarbij wordt aandacht geschonken aan de recente tuchtrechtelijke jurisprudentie, onder andere inzake euthanasie bij dementie in het licht van de conclusie van de PG bij de Hoge Raad.
Evolution of Microwave Electric Field on Power Coupling to Plasma during Ignition Phase
Authors: Mallick Chinmoy , Bandyopadhyay Mainak , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: June 2020

During the gas ignition process, the plasma and the microwave electric fields are evolved with time together in the plasma volume. The spatio-temporal evolution pattern of microwave-radiated plasma parameters is reported here, highlighting the role of these electric fields on power coupling processes. Evolutions of electric field and so power coupling processes are calculated using the finite element method (FEM). It is observed that the main power coupling mechanism is electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) method; however, with the evolution of plasma, the mode shifts from ECR to off-ECR-type heating with time. Off-ECR heating in the form of upper hybrid resonance (UHR) method, electrostatic (ES) ion acoustic wave heating method is important heating mechanisms during highly dense plasma condition, when density is above critical density for launched frequency, 2.45 GHz. The conclusions on the shifting of heating mechanisms are also drawn based on the 3D maps of spatio-temporal plasma density and hot electron temperature evolution.
Inner Navigation and Theta Activity: From Movement to Cognition and Hypnosis According to the Sphere Model of Consciousness
Authors: Paoletti Patrizio , Dotan Ben-Soussan Tal , Glicksohn Joseph 
Published: June 2020

EEG theta (4–7 Hz) activity is closely related to hypnosis and hypnotic analgesia, as well as to meditation and absorption. Research further indicates that theta oscillatory power is involved in different cognitive functions, such as spatial navigation, memory, creativity, and divided attention. The current manuscript will provide a synthesis of current knowledge regarding the importance of theta’s different roles in relation to hypnosis and their connections to movement. Indeed, several movement paradigms, such as Quadrato Motor Training, have been found to modulate theta activity, significantly improving cognition and emotional well-being. The utility of such movement paradigms as a therapeutic vehicle closely related to hypnosis, and the underlying characteristics allowing these neuromodulations, will be discussed. Finally, the relationships between diagonal movement and other psychological phenomena, especially intentionality, attention, and the Sphere Model of Consciousness, will be highlighted.
Postmortem Swabs in the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pandemic: Report on 12 Complete Clinical Autopsy Cases
Authors: Dell'Aquila Marco , Cattani Paola , Fantoni Massimo , Marchetti Simona , Aquila Isabella , Stigliano Egidio , Carbone Arnaldo , Oliva Antonio , Arena Vincenzo 
Published: June 2020

Context.—Clinical autopsies have historically provided a fundamental contribution in the definition of the clinicopathologic basis of infectious diseases. Even though we are witnessing the decline of the clinical autopsy, its importance remains unchanged as it is the most exhaustive way to investigate diseases. The identification of the virus in postmortem tissues is a fundamental step in the definition of its clinical features.Objective.—To investigate the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in postmortem examination with swabs.Design.—We performed postmortem swabs in 12 autopsy cases of patients with a clinical diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2–related pneumonia. Our protocol consisted of a rhinopharyngeal and a tracheal swab in order to search for the virus in the upper airways, and of 2 swabs on the parenchyma of each lung. We also performed a fifth swab on the parenchyma of both lungs in order to search for other viruses that could evolve in a clinical picture of interstitial pneumonia.Results.—Overall, we found 9 of 12 cases had at least 1 postmortem swab positive for SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, we evaluated the time between the antemortem and postmortem swabs, the time between death and the postmortem swabs, and the time between the postmortem swabs and acceptance to the microbiology laboratory. Of note, we did not find a relationship between the results of the swabs and either the time elapsed from their collection or the time elapsed before their acceptance in the microbiology laboratory.Conclusions.—A thorough knowledge of the eventual persistence of pathogens in deaths related to infectious diseases is fundamental for the safety of the operators during the autopsy practice, especially when referring to emergent pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2. Our study highlights the importance in performing multiple swabs in the postmortem examination, because SARS-CoV-2 swab positivity can be limited to only a single swab.