bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence and chemical composition of the Eoarchean carbonate rocks of the Nulliak supracrustal rocks in the Saglek Block of northeastern Labrador, Canada
Authors: Yoshida Satoshi , Ishikawa Akira , Aoki Shogo , Komiya Tsuyoshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Eoarchean Nulliak supracrustal rocks in the Saglek Block of northeastern Labrador, Canada, contain some of the world's oldest carbonate rocks. This work attempted to reveal the origin of the carbonate rocks and estimate the surface environmental conditions of the early Earth based on their occurrence and geochemistry. They occur together with mafic and ultramafic rocks in Pangertok Inlet and St. John's Harbour South, whereas they are interlayered with pelitic rock layers with quartzofeldspathic mineral assemblages in St. John's Harbour East and Big Island. The geological occurrence suggests that the formers were formed around hydrothermal fields, whereas the latters were deposited near a continental margin. Some carbonate rocks have high SiO2, Al2O3, and Zr contents, indicating that the silicification and involvement of detrital materials influenced their composition; thus, pure carbonate rocks were selected using a combined filter of the SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Zr, and Ba contents. The selected carbonate rocks have positive La, Eu, Gd, Y, U, Pb, and Sr anomalies, negative Nb, Zr, and Hf anomalies, and relatively small enrichment in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs). The La and Y anomalies suggest that they originated from chemical sediments precipitated from seawater. On the other hand, the small HREE‐enrichment suggests that REEs were mainly dissolved as REE‐carbonate complexes in seawater or that the riverine influxes were dominated by the detritus of Eoarchean continental crusts, presumably composed of HREE‐depleted TTG. The U anomaly suggests that uranium was more dissolved than Th as U‐bearing carbonate complexes in seawater. The Nulliak carbonate rocks also show a positive correlation between Y and Eu anomaly values, suggesting that the precipitation of iron‐oxyhydroxide causing the Y anomaly was more significant near the hydrothermal fields than the continental margin, consistent with an alkaline hydrothermal model.
Spinifex‐like textured metaperidotites from the Higo Metamorphic Rocks, Japan, a possible high‐pressure dehydration product of antigorite serpentinite
Authors: Nishiyama Tadao , Eguchi Hibiki , Shiosaki Dai , Yoshiasa Akira , Mochizuki Nobutatsu , Mori Yasushi , Sugiyama Kazumasa , Arima Hiroshi , Yubuta Kunio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSpinifex‐like textured metaperidotites from the Higo Metamorphic Rocks (HMR), west‐central Kyushu, Japan, may be formed by high‐pressure dehydration of antigorite, and may indicate deep subduction of serpentinite reaching a pressure–temperature condition of 1.6 GPa and 740–750 °C. Three rock types have been identified based on mineral assemblage and rock texture: Type I (L) consisting of medium‐grained (1–5 cm long) olivine + enstatite + chromite ±tremolite with secondary talc and anthophyllite that occurs in low‐grade metamorphic rocks of the biotite zone, Type I (H) of coarse‐grained (up to 10 cm long) olivine + enstatite (with clinoenstatite lamella) + chromite ±tremolite with secondary talc that occurs in high‐grade metamorphic rocks of the garnet‐cordierite zone, and Type II composed of Al‐spinel + chlorite + olivine + apatite + ilmenite with minor sodic gedrite in the garnet‐cordierite zone together with Type I (H). Olivines in all rock types are mostly serpentinized during exhumation. The chromite‐olivine thermometer gives 560–690 °C for Type I (L) rocks, and the spinel‐olivine thermometer gives 610–740 °C for Type II rocks. The peak metamorphic pressure will be higher than 1.6 GPa based on the location of the experimentally determined invariant point (P = 1.6 GPa and T = 670 °C) of antigorite + forsterite + enstatite + talc + H2O. This estimate is consistent with the occurrence of chlorite in Type II rocks, which is stable up to 890 °C at 2.0 GPa. The spinifex‐like textured metaperidotites occur as small bodies in the low P/T type gneisses, implying tectonic juxtaposition of them probably during exhumation of the HMR. Recent findings of medium pressure (0.9–1.2 GPa) granulites and gneisses from the HMR may indicate that the HMR has a deep root into the wedge mantle from which the spinifex‐like textured metaperidotites have derived.
Juvenile xanthogranuloma: retrospective analysis of 44 pediatric cases (single tertiary care center experience)
Authors: Kundak Selcen , Çakır Yasemin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveJuvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a rarely encountered skin disorder, which is characterized by the proliferation of non‐Langerhans cell histiocytes. As JXG primarily affects infants and young children, this study aims to describe the epidemiologic, clinical, and histopathologic characteristics of 44 children diagnosed with JXG at a tertiary health care center.MethodsFourty‐four children with a histopathologic diagnosis of JXG between January 2003 and January 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Data related to epidemiologic, clinical, and histopathologic features were extracted from hospital records.ResultsThe mean age of the affected patients was 4.6 years old (range: 0–17 years old) at the time of diagnosis. Twenty‐five patients (56.8%) were male, and 19 patients were female (43.2%). Thirty‐six children (81.8%) had solitary JXG, one of which was a giant congenital JXG; eight children (18.2%) had eruptive JXG. The heterozygote mutation associated with neurofibromatosis 1 gene was detected in one patient who had both eruptive JXG and numerous café‐au‐lait spots. Another patient with eruptive JXG was identified to have hypercholesterolemia. None of the children with eruptive JXG developed symptoms or signs of extracutaneous involvement during their clinical follow‐up.ConclusionSince JXG is rarely encountered, there may be a tendency toward over‐treatment, given concerns for extracutaneous involvement. However, our review revealed no instances of extracutaneous involvement.
Acne keloidalis nuchae and thyroid diseases: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Valdman‐Grinshpoun Yuliya , Kridin Khalaf , Schonmann Yochai , Cohen Arnon D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe association between acne keloidalis nuchae (AKN) and thyroid diseases is yet to be investigated.ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of developing hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism among patients with AKN and to characterize the patients who have AKN and thyroid comorbidities.MethodsA population‐based cohort study was conducted comparing AKN patients (n = 2,677) with age‐, gender‐, and ethnicity‐matched control subjects (n = 13,190) with regard to incident cases of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated by Cox regression analysis.ResultsThe incidence rates of hypothyroidism among patients with AKN and controls were estimated at 2.15 (95% CI, 1.49‐2.99) and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.66‐1.00) cases/1000 person‐years, respectively. The crude risk of developing incident hypothyroidism was 1.85‐fold greater in patients with AKN (HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.24‐2.78; P = 0.003). The elevated risk persisted following the adjustment for putative confounders (adjusted HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.03‐2.89; P = 0.040). The risk of hyperthyroidism was comparable in patients with AKN and controls both in the crude (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 0.57‐4.22) and adjusted (adjusted HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 0.59‐6.21) analyses. Patients with coexistent AKN and thyroid diseases were significantly older at the onset of AKN, had more prominent female preponderance, and had a higher burden of comorbidity.ConclusionsPatients with AKN are at an increased risk of hypothyroidism. Screening for hypothyroidism should be considered in AKN patients with a compatible clinical picture.
Characterization of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products reagents and their utility in critical care patients with enhanced fibrinolysis
Authors: Kumano Osamu , Ieko Masahiro , Komiyama Yutaka , Naito Sumiyoshi , Yoshida Mika , Takahashi Nobuhiko , Ohmura Kazumasa , Hayakawa Mineji 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionFibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) values reflect coagulation and fibrinolysis status, and FDP levels are helpful for diagnosis and classification of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). FDP measurement has always played a key role in diagnosing DIC, a phenomenon that has recently gained renewed attention because of its occurrence in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients. Although the evaluation of FDP is crucial for the management of critical care, the variability among FDP reagents is unclear. In this study, we aimed to compare LIASAUTO P‐FDP with three FDP reagents and investigate their characteristics.MethodsIn total, 172 plasmas samples were used in the correlation. The sample data were divided into three groups including negative, no and positive discrepancy based on the discrepancy percentages calculated from each correlation between LIASAUTO P‐FDP and other three reagents. D‐dimer, plasmin‐α2 plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC), fibrin monomer complex (FMC), fibrinogen (Fbg) and Plasmin‐α2 Plasmin Inhibitor (α2PI) were measured and included in data analysis.ResultsThe positive discrepancy groups showed higher D‐dimer, PIC and FMC values than the negative discrepancy groups. The data indicated that LIASAUTO P‐FDP had higher reactivity to D‐dimer than other reagents and the values were elevated in the fibrinolysis‐enhanced samples with various FDP fragments.ConclusionLIASAUTO P‐FDP displayed the reactivity towards various fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products, and it might be useful for DIC diagnosis because the fibrinolytic status differed in the DIC types and stages.
Diverse cellular morphologies during lumen maturation in Anopheles gambiae larval salivary glands
Authors: Chiu M. , Trigg B. , Taracena M. , Wells M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMosquitoes are the greatest animal threat to human health, causing hundreds of millions of infections and around 1 million deaths each year. All mosquito‐borne pathogens must traverse the salivary glands (SGs) to be transmitted to the next host, making this organ an ideal target for interventions. The adult SG develops from precursor cells located in the larval SG duct bud. Characterization of the larval SG has been limited. We sought to better understand larval SG architecture, secretion and gene expression. We developed an optimized method for larval SG staining and surveyed hundreds of larval stage 4 (L4) SGs using fluorescence confocal microscopy. Remarkable variation in SG cell and chromatin organization differed among individuals and across the L4 stage. Lumen formation occurred during L4 stage through secretion likely involving a coincident cellular apical lipid enrichment and extracellular vesicle‐like structures. Meta‐analysis of microarray data showed that larval SG gene expression is divergent from adult SGs, more similar to larval gastric cecae, but different from other larval gut compartments. This work highlights the variable cell architecture of larval Anopheles gambiae SGs and provides candidate targets for genetic strategies aiming to disrupt SGs and transmission of mosquito‐borne pathogens.
Evaluation of Measurement of Fetal Crown‐Rump Length from Ultrasonically Timed Ovulation and Fertilization in vitro
Authors: Harada Tasuku , Tanikawa Masahiro , Nakajima Kazuhiko , Iwamoto Koukichi , Mio Yasuyuki , Terakawa Naoki , Maeda Kazuo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo assess with accuracy the development and maturity of the fetus, we evaluated fetal growth in 46 pregnant women who had conceived subsequent to ultrasonically timed ovulation. Fetal crown‐rump length (CRL) was measured at gestational ages that differed by about 1 day from those previously reported. The variance in CRL measurements at each gestational age was small, and the data were normally distributed. The CRL growth curves of this and previous studies were tested using measurements from 7 pregnancies derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF). The data from IVF pregnancies were consistent with our curve, having 1 day difference to those previously reported. The gender of the fetus did not influence the CRL during the first trimester. The results suggest that fetal growth is uniform during the first trimester.
Amplification of Nocturnal Melatonin Secretion in Women with Nocturnal Hyperprolactinemia*
Authors: Okatani Yuji , Okada Masataka , Sagara Yusuke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn order to assess the pathophysiological role of melatonin (MLT) in nocturnal hyperprolactinemia (NH), nocturnal serum MLT and prolactin (PRL) levels were measured in samples collected every 2h over a 12‐hour period (2000h‐0800h) from 5 normal women and 9 women with NH under physiological light/dark condition (lights off from 2100h to 0600h). Furthermore, differences in the PRL response to acute oral administration of MLT (1 mg or 5 mg) during the daytime between the 2 groups was studied. Nocturnal MLT levels in patients with NH were significantly higher (p < 0.02) than in normal women. The maximal PRL levels (52.6±26.7 ng/ml at 2400h) during the night in patients with NH were significantly higher (p < 0.05) and were reached 4h earlier than in normal women. The response to administration of 1 mg of MLT was not different between the 2 groups. However, administration of 5 mg of MLT to normal women resulted in a rapid and prominent PRL release, similar to that observed at nighttime in patients with NH. These results indicate that the abnormal PRL release in patients with NH is not due to higher sensitivity to MLT. However, the elevated MLT levels in patients with NH may be related to the neuroendocrine disorder.
Development and psychometric property testing of a skin tear knowledge assessment instrument (OASES) in 37 countries
Authors: Van Tiggelen Hanne , Alves Paulo , Ayello Elizabeth , Bååth Carina , Baranoski Sharon , Campbell Karen , Dunk Ann Marie , Gloeckner Mary , Hevia Heidi , Holloway Samantha , Idensohn Patricia , Karadağ Ayişe , Langemo Diane , LeBlanc Kimberly , Ousey Karen , Pokorná Andrea , Romanelli Marco , Santos Vera Lucia Conceição de Gouveia , Smet Steven , Williams Ann , Woo Kevin , Van Hecke Ann , Verhaeghe Sofie , Beeckman Dimitri 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo develop and psychometrically evaluate a skin tear knowledge assessment instrument (OASES).DesignProspective psychometric instrument validation study.MethodThe skin tear knowledge assessment instrument was developed based on a literature review and expert input (N = 19). Face and content validity were assessed in a two‐round Delphi procedure by 10 international experts affiliated with the International Skin Tear Advisory Panel (ISTAP). The instrument was psychometrically tested in a convenience sample of 387 nurses in 37 countries (April–May 2020). Validity of the multiple‐choice test items (item difficulty, discriminating index, quality of the response alternatives), construct validity, and test–retest reliability (stability) were analysed and evaluated in light of international reference standards.ResultsA 20‐item instrument, covering six knowledge domains most relevant to skin tears, was designed. Content validity was established (CVI = 0.90–1.00). Item difficulty varied between 0.24 and 0.94 and the quality of the response alternatives between 0.01–0.52. The discriminating index was acceptable (0.19–0.77). Participants with a theoretically expected higher knowledge level had a significantly higher total score than participants with theoretically expected lower knowledge (p < .001). The 1‐week test‐retest intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.83 (95% CI = 0.78–0.86) for the full instrument and varied between 0.72 (95% CI = 0.64–0.79) and 0.85 (95% CI = 0.81–0.89) for the domains. Cohen's Kappa coefficients of the individual items ranged between 0.21 and 0.74.ConclusionThe skin tear knowledge assessment instrument is supported by acceptable psychometric properties and can be applied in nursing education, research, and practice to assess knowledge of healthcare professionals about skin tears.ImpactPrevention and treatment of skin tears are a challenge for healthcare professionals. The provision of adequate care is based on profound and up‐to‐date knowledge. None of the existing instruments to assess skin tear knowledge is psychometrically tested, nor up‐to‐date. OASES can be used worldwide to identify education, practice, and research needs and priorities related to skin tears in clinical practice.
Irrevocable commitments and tender offer outcomes
Authors: Fyrqvist Tomi , Rantapuska Elias , Torstila Sami 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIrrevocable commitments (ICs) are undertakings by target‐firm blockholders to accept an upcoming takeover bid before its announcement. Using a novel manually collected dataset, we develop three new hypotheses and explore one existing hypothesis to explain the use of ICs: (1) trade‐off between speed and price, (2) trade‐off between completion probability and price, (3) differences in bargaining power, and (4) blockholder certification. Transactions with more than 20% of shares irrevocably committed have a 7%–16% higher probability of tender offer completion and 8–10 days shorter bid duration. A transaction with an average‐sized IC is associated with a 2.9 percentage points lower four‐week bid premium than a transaction with no IC. Overall, the results appear most consistent with the hypothesis on completion probability versus price. The results also offer partial evidence in favor of the certification hypothesis.
Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor as a novel antihypertensive drug: Evidence from Asia and around the globe
Authors: Lin Donna S.‐H. , Wang Tzung‐Dau , Buranakitjaroen Peera , Chen Chen‐Huan , Cheng Hao‐Min , Chia Yook Chin , Sukonthasarn Apichard , Tay Jam Chin , Teo Boon Wee , Turana Yuda , Wang Ji‐Guang , Kario Kazuomi ,   the HOPE Asia Network
Published: December 2020

AbstractHypertension is a worldwide epidemic that continues to grow, with a subset of patients responding poorly to current treatment available. This is especially relevant in Asia, which constitutes 61% of the global population. Hypertension in Asia is a unique entity that is often salt‐sensitive, nocturnal, and systolic predominant. Sacubitril/valsartan is a first‐in‐class angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor that was first used in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Sacubitril inhibits neprilysin, a metallopeptidase that degrades natriuretic peptides (NPs). NPs exert sympatholytic, diuretic, natriuretic, vasodilatory, and insulin‐sensitizing effects mostly via cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)‐mediated pathways. As an antihypertensive agent, sacubitril/valsartan has outperformed angiotensin II receptor type 1 blockers (ARBs), with additional reductions of office systolic blood pressures ranging between 5 and 7 mmHg, in multiple studies in Asia and around the globe. The drug was well tolerated even in the elderly or those with chronic kidney disease. Its mechanisms of actions are particularly attractive for treatment of hypertension in Asia. Sacubitril/valsartan offers a novel, dual class, single‐molecule property that may be considered as first‐line antihypertensive therapy. Further investigations are needed to validate its safety for long‐term use and to explore other potentials such as in the management of insulin resistance and obesity, which often coexist with hypertension in Asia.
Influence of sweeping frequency ultrasonic pretreatment on pulsed vacuum drying characteristics and microstructure of okra based on real‐time monitoring
Authors: Zhang Lei , Hu Yang , Gao Xianli , Xu Xin , Zhang Hanwen , Yagoub Abu ElGasim A. , Ma Haile , Zhou Cunshan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSweeping frequency ultrasonic (SFU) pretreatment was utilized to promote pulsed vacuum drying (PVD) process of okra. Drying characteristics and microstructure of okra were studied. Then mechanism of SFU pretreatment was revealed by acoustic signal monitoring technologies in time and frequency domains and bubble oscillations. Results showed that core temperature (57–58°C) of PVD, rehydration ratio (3.16%), hardness (23.90 N) and, fracturability (3.15 mm) were the highest, while moisture ratio was the smallest in SFU pretreated okra group at 30 min during the ultrasonic pretreatment process. It was related to changes of microstructure. SFU pretreated okra cells got folded, intercellular space was large, and the tunnel structure was generated until 30 min. However, excessive ultrasound caused the structural collapse of cells; the tunnel structure was congested, which was not beneficial to moisture transfer during PVD process. Effects of SFU pretreatment were further explained by monitored data of acoustic signals in time and frequency domains. The maximum voltage amplitude (40.6 mV) and space peak temporal peak acoustic intensity (2.76 × 106 W/m2) were the highest at 30 min during the pretreatment process. The corresponding SFU signals had a wide frequency domain and fluctuation range of energy, and cavitation effects of ultrasonic bubbles was facilitated.Practical applicationsPVD is an innovative drying technology. However, okra structure is complex, which is against moisture transfer during the process of drying. Hence, SFU pretreatment was added before drying. The tunnel structure of okra generated by the pretreatment could support moisture transfer suggesting a rapid rate of drying. The best quality of dried okra was obtained at 30 min during the pretreatment process, which makes for long storage and preparation of functional snacks. Acoustic signals were analyzed by real‐time monitoring technique during pretreatment of okra, and the cavitation intensity of SFU fields was revealed. Thus, the fundamental basis for accurate ultrasonic processing is provided.
Protein secondary structure signatures from energy loss spectra recorded in the electron microscope
Authors: March Katia , Venkatraman Kartik , Truong Chloe Du , Williams Dewight , Chiu Po‐Lin , Rez Peter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInfrared spectroscopy is a powerful technique for characterising protein structure. It is now possible to record energy losses corresponding to the infrared region in the electron microscope and to avoid damage by positioning the probe in the region adjacent to the structure being studied. Spectra from bacteriorhodopsin, a protein that is predominately a α helix, and OmpF porin, a protein that is mainly β sheet show significant differences over a spectral range from ∼0.1 to 0.25 eV (∼1000 to 1800 cm–1). Although the energy resolution equivalent to 60 cm–1 is inferior to Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy (FTIR) the spectra are very sensitive to molecular orientation. Polar bonds aligned parallel to the specimen grid make particularly strong contributions to the energy loss spectra. Ultra‐high‐resolution energy loss spectroscopy in the electron microscope can potentially add useful information to imaging and diffraction for determining the secondary structure misfolding believed to be responsible for dementia diseases such as Alzheimer's.