bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Romanian International Knee Documentation Committee—subjective knee form
Authors: Todor Adrian , Vermesan Dinu , Haragus Horia , Patrascu Jr Jenel M. , Timar Bogdan , Cosma Dan I. 
Published: February 2020

AimWe aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the International Knee Documentation Committee—subjective knee form (IKDC) in Romanian.MethodThe original (US) IKDC—subjective knee form was translated according to recommended guidelines. Validity was tested using Spearmans’s correlation coefficient between score sand test-retest reproducibility. Reliability and internal consistency were determined using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsA total of 106 data sets were available for processing. The average age was 52 years and the male to female ratio was 40:66. Fifty-five subjects repeated the form after an average of 4 days. There were no floor or ceiling effects (range 3.4–74.7). There was a strong correlation between the first and repeated administration of the IKDC—subjective knee form (r = 0.816,n = 50) and moderate compared to Tegner-Lysholm knee rating scale (r = 0.506,n = 102), KOOSJR (Knee disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement,r = − 0.622,n = 96), EuroqolEQ-5D-5L Index (r = 0.633,n = 100) and visual analogue scale VAS (r = 0.484,n = 99). Internal consistency was moderate with Cronbach’s alpha 0.611 (n = 102) and ICC 0.611 for average measures (95% CI 0.493–0.713).ConclusionThe Romanian translation of the IKDC—subjective knee form is a valid, consistent and reproducible outcome measure in patients with knee pain and dysfunction.
Inhibition of Immunosuppressive Tumors by Polymer‐Assisted Inductions of Immunogenic Cell Death and Multivalent PD‐L1 Crosslinking
Authors: Li Lian , Li Yachao , Yang Chieh‐Hsiang , Radford D. Christopher , Wang Jiawei , Janát‐Amsbury Margit , Kopeček Jindřich , Yang Jiyuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCheckpoint blockade immunotherapies harness the host's own immune system to fight cancer, but only work against tumors infiltrated by swarms of preexisting T cells. Unfortunately, most cancers to date are immune‐deserted. Here, a polymer‐assisted combination of immunogenic chemotherapy and PD‐L1 degradation is reported for efficacious treatment in originally nonimmunogenic cancer. “Priming” tumors with backbone‐degradable polymer‐epirubicin conjugates elicits immunogenic cell death and fosters tumor‐specific CD8+ T cell response. Sequential treatment with a multivalent polymer‐peptide antagonist to PD‐L1 overcomes adaptive PD‐L1 enrichment following chemotherapy, biases the recycling of PD‐L1 to lysosome degradation via surface receptor crosslinking, and produces prolonged elimination of PD‐L1 rather than the transient blocking afforded by standard anti‐PD‐L1 antibodies. Together, these findings establish the polymer‐facilitated tumor targeting of immunogenic drugs and surface crosslinking of PD‐L1 as a potential new therapeutic strategy to propagate long‐term antitumor immunity, which might broaden the application of immunotherapy to immunosuppressive cancers.
Elastic Superhydrophobic and Photocatalytic Active Films Used as Blood Repellent Dressing
Authors: Liu Jie , Ye Lijun , Sun Yuling , Hu Minghan , Chen Fei , Wegner Seraphine , Mailänder Volker , Steffen Werner , Kappl Michael , Butt Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDurable and biocompatible superhydrophobic surfaces are of significant potential use in biomedical applications. Here, a nonfluorinated, elastic, superhydrophobic film that can be used for medical wound dressings to enhance their hemostasis function is introduced. The film is formed by titanium dioxide nanoparticles, which are chemically crosslinked in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) matrix. The PDMS crosslinks result in large strain elasticity of the film, so that it conforms to deformations of the substrate. The photocatalytic activity of the titanium dioxide provides surfaces with both self‐cleaning and antibacterial properties. Facile coating of conventional wound dressings is demonstrated with this composite film and then resulting improvement for hemostasis. High gas permeability and water repellency of the film will provide additional benefit for medical applications.
Hybrid Transverse–Longitudinal Modes for High Figure‐of‐Merit Localized Plasmonic Refractometric Sensing in the Visible Spectrum
Authors: Soehartono Alana M. , Tobing Landobasa Y. M. , Mueller Aaron D. , Zhang Dao Hua , Yong Ken‐Tye 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe nanoscale confinement of plasmonic fields, coupled with their high susceptibility to refractive index changes, makes localized surface plasmons (LSPs) an excellent platform for rapid and label‐free sensing. However, the small spatial overlap of the LSP fields with the adsorbed analyte dictates the sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) of LSP‐based sensing. The linear dependence of sensitivity on resonance wavelength, coupled with the dependence of FOM on the achievable resonance Q factor, leads to a sensitivity of ≈100–300 nm per RIU and FOM < 5 for gold‐based LSP resonance in the visible range. This presents a dilemma for the realization of a practical sensing platform that requires high sensitivity and high FOM in the visible spectrum. Higher sensitivity and resonance Q factor can be achieved with a larger interaction volume between the plasmonic field and the analyte. This work explores a hybrid mode resulting from an interaction between transverse LSP and longitudinal Fabry–Perot (FP) modes, capable of improving the sensitivity and FOM simultaneously. This hybrid mode is demonstrated in tall v‐shaped split ring resonator structures, fabricated via seedless pulsed gold electrodeposition, with FOM of ≈24 in the visible range.
Recent Progress of Nanomedicine in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Diseases
Authors: Feng Leyan , Wang Heping , Xue Xue 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) diseases, mainly including neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric diseases, have become the leading cause of death and disability in the world today, which bring huge suffering to both patients and their families. Nanomedicine is an emerging and rapidly evolving discipline that mainly involves the application of nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Although many challenges in the clinical application of nanomedicine still exist, the prospects for development cannot be ignored. Furthermore, better outcomes for patients with CNS diseases can be expected with the rapid development of nanotechnology in diagnosis and treatment. In the present review, an overview is given of the outstanding recent progress of nanomedicine from three aspects: drug delivery, imaging, and therapy in CNS diseases.
Molecular Entrapment in Thermophilic Ferritin for Nanoformulation in Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Pasula Rupali Reddy , Kuniyil Ambili , Lim Sierin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNanoformulation of therapeutic and diagnostic agents is beneficial as they accumulate at tumor sites due to enhanced permeability and retention effects. However, many in vitro studies performed on 2D cultures lack the realistic dimension of in vivo systems. In this work, a photosensitizer, acridine orange (AO), used in photodynamic therapy of cancer, is nanoformulated by entrapment in thermophilic ferritin. The efficacy is tested on 2D and 3D in vitro models and complemented with studies on the cellular uptake routes. Ferritin from the archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus (AfFtn) exhibits the unique property of divalent metal ion or ionic strength mediated assembly, making it an interesting nanocarrier for the entrapment of small molecules. The photosensitization and toxicity studies on 2D monolayers and 3D spheroid models of colorectal cancer cells show that AO loaded in AfFtn is functional. The killing efficiency in 2D monolayers reaches 50% while the growth of 3D spheroids is arrested after the first day with a subsequent 10% reduction of tumor diameter over the next 2 days. Results show that AO loaded AfFtn has better penetration ability than free AO alone in 3D spheroid models indicating that nanocage formulation provides for an efficient delivery vehicle into the tumor tissue.
Light Absorption and Recycling in Hybrid Metal Halide Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Patel Jay B. , Wright Adam D. , Lohmann Kilian B. , Peng Kun , Xia Chelsea Q. , Ball James M. , Noel Nakita K. , Crothers Timothy W. , Wong‐Leung Jenny , Snaith Henry J. , Herz Laura M. , Johnston Michael B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe production of highly efficient single‐ and multijunction metal halide perovskite (MHP) solar cells requires careful optimization of the optical and electrical properties of these devices. Here, precise control of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite layers is demonstrated in solar cell devices through the use of dual source coevaporation. Light absorption and device performance are tracked for incorporated MHP films ranging from ≈67 nm to ≈1.4 µm thickness and transfer‐matrix optical modeling is utilized to quantify optical losses that arise from interference effects. Based on these results, a device with 19.2% steady‐state power conversion efficiency is achieved through incorporation of a perovskite film with near‐optimum predicted thickness (≈709 nm). Significantly, a clear signature of photon reabsorption is observed in perovskite films that have the same thickness (≈709 nm) as in the optimized device. Despite the positive effect of photon recycling associated with photon reabsorption, devices with thicker (>750 nm) MHP layers exhibit poor performance owing to competing nonradiative charge recombination in a “dead‐volume” of MHP. Overall, these findings demonstrate the need for fine control over MHP thickness to achieve the highest efficiency cells, and accurate consideration of photon reabsorption, optical interference, and charge transport properties.
Biomechanical Energy‐Driven Hybridized Generator as a Universal Portable Power Source for Smart/Wearable Electronics
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Toyabur , Rana SM Sohel , Salauddin Md , Maharjan Pukar , Bhatta Trilochan , Park Jae Yeong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe fast growth of smart electronics requires novel solutions to power them sustainably. Portable power sources capable of harvesting biomechanical energy are a promising modern approach to reduce battery dependency. Herein, a novel elastic impact‐based nonresonant hybridized generator (EINR‐HG) is reported to effectively harvest biomechanical energy from diverse human activities outdoors. Through the rational integration of a nonlinear electromagnetic generator with two contact‐mode triboelectric nanogenerators, the proposed EINR‐HG generates hybrid electrical output simultaneously under the same mechanical excitations. By introducing a flux‐concentrator with a nanowire‐nanofiber surface modification, significant improvement in the energy harvesting efficiency of the EINR‐HG is achieved. After optimizing using simulations and vibration tests, the as‐fabricated EINR‐HG delivers an outstanding normalized power density of 3.13 mW cm−3 g−2 across a matching resistance of 1.5 kΩ at 6 Hz under 1 g acceleration. Under human motion testing, the EINR‐HG generates an optimal output power of 131.4 mW with horizontal handshaking. With a customized power management circuit, the EINR‐HG serves as a universal power source that successfully drives commercial smart electronics, including smart bands and smartphones. This work shows the massive potential of biomechanical energy‐driven hybridized generators for powering personal electronics and portable healthcare monitoring devices.
The Impacts of Biofuel Policies on Spatial and Vertical Price Relationships in the US Fertilizer Industry
Authors: Bekkerman Anton , Gumbley Thomas , Brester Gary W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBiofuel policies and concomitant market forces in the mid‐2000s systemically altered US corn markets. Because corn production requires large nitrogen fertilizer inputs, those policies may have also impacted US fertilizer markets. We model fertilizer price relationships across US regions and leverage the natural experiment of biofuel policy intervention to show the secondary impacts on fertilizer markets. Long‐run fertilizer price adjustments became faster and short‐run price dynamics became more responsive to corn markets and less affected by natural gas prices. Additionally, regions where corn production significantly increased after the policies had a 10–20% increase in influencing the fertilizer price discovery process.
Amelioration of high temperature stress by exogenously applied salicylic acid: Genotype‐specific response of physiological traits
Authors: Pirnajmedin Fatemeh , Majidi Mohammad Mahdi , Taleb Hadi , Maibody Sayed Ali Mohammad Mirmohammady , Saeidi Ghodratollah 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn arid and semi‐arid regions of the world, high temperature stress adversely affects growth and development of cool‐season grasses during late spring and summer. Salicylic acid (SA) is one of the endogenous plant growth regulators that plays an important role in the regulation of plant growth and development in response to high temperature stress. The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of SA in alleviating the negative effects of high temperature during the summer in different tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) genotypes under field conditions. Twenty genotypes of tall fescue (selected from a broad native and exotic germplasm) were assessed at field condition for morphological and physiological characteristics during 2016 and 2017 under normal irrigation in the presence of two SA concentrations (0 and 1 mM). High temperature during the summer led to induction of incomplete summer dormancy and depression in summer forage yield. Application of SA decreased the adverse effects of high temperature stress by elevation of photosynthetic pigments, proline accumulation, and increasing nonenzyme and enzymatic antioxidant activities, and could therefore be used to enhance forage yield and heat tolerance in tall fescue genotypes. The genotypes exhibited obvious differences in their response to SA application under the semiarid climate conditions of central Iran. Among the studied genotypes, 3L and 1E were recognized as heat tolerant and stable genotypes that would be preferable for regions with high temperature.
On the fast modeling of species transport in fluidized beds using recurrence computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Dabbagh Firas , Pirker Stefan , Schneiderbauer Simon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDue to variety of scale dynamics evolved in gas–solid flows, most of its numerical description is limited to expensive short durations. This has made the slow processes therein, such as the chemical species conversion, to be out of an appropriate reach. In this work, an application of the transport‐based recurrence computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been introduced for the fast modeling of passive scalar transport, which is considered as species conversion and heat transfer in fluidized beds. The methodology discloses the recurrent dynamics during a short‐term full CFD simulation as Lagrangian shift operations upon which a passive scalar can infinitely be traced. Apart from convecting, a proper approach based on the turbulent kinetic energy of tracked dynamics is introduced for modeling the physical diffusion of the scalar transported. Our outcomes have revealed a subtle chasing to the full CFD species simulation with a speed‐up up to 1,600.
A molecular model for ion dehydration in confined water
Authors: Qing Leying , Tao Jiabo , Yu Hongping , Jiang Peng , Qiao Chongzhi , Zhao Shuangliang , Liu Honglai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough ion dehydration in confined water is ubiquitous in many important processes concerning ion adsorption, transport and separation, and so forth, few theoretical models have been developed to unravel the mechanism of dehydration in confined space. Herein, a molecular model is proposed by weighing the molecular orientation of surrounding water within the first hydration shell, and then this model is applied to predict the hydration numbers and hydrated radii of simple ions with the help of molecular density functional theory. The predictions are rationalized not only with parallel simulations but also with relevant experimental measurements. We find that the ion hydration in confined water is depressed owing to the confinement, and thus the multilayer hydration shell is disturbed, which results in the decline of hydration number and hydrated radius, favoring the ion dehydration. This work provides an insightful route toward the quantitative understanding and prediction of ion dehydration in confined water.
Recent Progress in the Development of Solid‐State Luminescent o‐Carboranes with Stimuli Responsivity
Authors: Ochi Junki , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: February 2020

Abstracto‐Carborane, a cluster compound containing boron and adjacent carbon atoms, displays intriguing luminescent properties. Recently, compounds containing o‐carborane units were found to show suppressed aggregation‐induced quenching and intense solid‐state emission; they also show potential for the development of stimuli‐responsive luminochromic materials. In this Minireview, we introduce three kinds of fundamental photochemical properties: aggregation‐induced emission, twisted intramolecular charge transfer in crystals, and environment‐sensitive excimer formation in solids. Based on these properties, several types of luminochromism, such as thermos‐, vapo‐, and mechanochromism, have been discovered. Based mainly on results from recent studies, we illustrate these mechanisms as well as unique luminescent behaviors of o‐carborane derivatives.
Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing Polyaromatics by Aza‐Annulative π‐Extension of Unfunctionalized Aromatics
Authors: Kawahara Kou P. , Matsuoka Wataru , Ito Hideto , Itami Kenichiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNitrogen‐containing polycyclic aromatic compounds (N‐PACs) are an important class of compounds in materials science. Reported here is a new aza‐annulative π‐extension (aza‐APEX) reaction that allows rapid access to a range of N‐PACs in 11–84 % yields from readily available unfunctionalized aromatics and imidoyl chlorides. In the presence of silver hexafluorophosphate, arenes and imidoyl chlorides couple in a regioselective fashion. The follow‐up oxidative treatment with p‐chloranil affords structurally diverse N‐PACs, which are very difficult to synthesize. DFT calculations reveal that the aza‐APEX reaction proceeds through the formal [4+2] cycloaddition of an arene and an in situ generated diarylnitrilium salt, with sequential aromatizations having relatively low activation energies. Transformation of N‐PACs into nitrogen‐doped nanographenes and their photophysical properties are also described.
Cove‐Edged Nanographenes with Localized Double Bonds
Authors: Gu Yanwei , Muñoz‐Mármol Rafael , Wu Shaofei , Han Yi , Ni Yong , Díaz‐García María A. , Casado Juan , Wu Jishan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe efficient synthesis and electronic properties of two large‐size cove‐edged nanographenes (NGs), CN1 and CN2, are presented. X‐ray crystallographic analysis reveals a contorted backbone for both molecules owing to the steric repulsion at the inner cove position. Noticeably, the dominant structures of these molecules contain four (for CN1) or six (for CN2) localized C=C double bonds embedded in nine (for CN1) or twelve (for CN2) aromatic sextet rings according to Clar's formula, which is supported by bond length analysis and theoretical (NICS, ACID) calculations. Furthermore, Raman spectra exhibit a band associated with the longitudinal CC stretching mode of olefinic double bonds. Owing to the existence of the additional olefinic bonds, both compounds show a small band gap (1.84 eV for CN1 and 1.37 eV for CN2). They also display moderate fluorescence quantum yield (35 % for CN1 and 50 % for CN2) owing to the contorted geometry, which can suppress aggregation in solution.
Clarification of Decomposition Pathways in a State‐of‐the‐Art Lithium Ion Battery Electrolyte through 13C‐Labeling of Electrolyte Components
Authors: Henschel Jonas , Peschel Christoph , Klein Sven , Horsthemke Fabian , Winter Martin , Nowak Sascha 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe decomposition of state‐of‐the‐art lithium ion battery (LIB) electrolytes leads to a highly complex mixture during battery cell operation. Furthermore, thermal strain by e.g., fast charging can initiate the degradation and generate various compounds. The correlation of electrolyte decomposition products and LIB performance fading over life‐time is mainly unknown. The thermal and electrochemical degradation in electrolytes comprising 1 m LiPF6 dissolved in 13C3‐labeled ethylene carbonate (EC) and unlabeled diethyl carbonate is investigated and the corresponding reaction pathways are postulated. Furthermore, a fragmentation mechanism assumption for oligomeric compounds is depicted. Soluble decomposition products classes are examined and evaluated with liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry. This study proposes a formation scheme for oligo phosphates as well as contradictory findings regarding phosphate‐carbonates, disproving monoglycolate methyl/ethyl carbonate as the central reactive species.
The performance of epoxy coatings containing polyaniline (PANI) nanowires in neutral salt, alkaline, and acidic aqueous media
Authors: Gao Min , Wang Jixiao , Zhou Yu , He Pei , Wang Zhi , Zhao Song 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPANI/epoxy coatings have great promise applications in the industry as the metal corrosion protection coating, and their performance directly determines the life span of the coating and equipment durability. In this study, the performance of epoxy coatings with and without PANI nanowires immersed in 12 wt% NaCl, 5 wt% HCl, and 5 wt% NaOH solutions at different temperature were investigated for the first time. The performance and the degradation reactions of the coating cooperated with PANI nanowires were characterized by the variety of techniques and methods, including ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV–vis), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Attenuated Total Reflectance‐Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The experiment results indicated that the failure mechanism of the different coatings varied with the different temperatures and solutions. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) results showed that an appropriate content of PANI nanowires improve the protection performance of epoxy coatings in 12 wt% NaCl, 5 wt% HCl, and 5 wt% NaOH solutions, which is attributed to the passivation ability and shielding effect of PANI nanowires.