bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Too Early for Early Education? Effects on Parenting for Mothers and Fathers
Authors: Zachrisson Henrik D. , Owen Margaret T. , Nordahl Kristin B. , Ribeiro Luisa , Dearing Eric 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the effect of children's age of entry into early childhood education and care (ECEC) on parenting quality of mothers and fathers in a context of universal access to subsidized ECEC following a 1 year paid parental leave.BackgroundChildren entering non‐parental care settings in early childhood may have negative consequences for parenting quality. Yet, current evidence supporting this claim is predominantly from the United States, is focused almost exclusively on mothers, and is predominantly based on statistical approaches that are vulnerable to unobserved selection bias.MethodData are from a Norwegian longitudinal study, including ratings of observed mother–child (n = 901) and father–child (n = 621) interactions, and children's age of entry into ECEC. Multivariate regression models and instrumental variable models were used to estimate the causal effect of age of entry on parenting quality.ResultsThere was no support for the hypothesis that an earlier age of entry into ECEC negatively affects parenting quality, for either fathers or mothers. This was true for the sample as a whole, and for different sociodemographic subgroups.ConclusionIn a Norwegian context in which families have universal access to subsidized ECEC from the time their child is 1 year of age, and most children enter ECEC in their second year, there is no evidence that an earlier age of entry in ECEC harms parenting quality.
Marital Dissolution and Personal Wealth: Examining Gendered Trends across the Dissolution Process
Authors: Kapelle Nicole , Baxter Janeen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined potentially gendered net worth changes over the marital dissolution process, starting up to 3 years prior to separation and continuing up to 15 years postdivorce.BackgroundIncipient literature showed steep wealth declines for men and women associated with divorce, treating marital dissolution as a single point‐in‐time event. These findings may be limiting as legal regulations and divorce‐stress‐adjustment research conceptualize marital dissolution as a process that lasts several years.MethodUsing fixed effects regression models, we analyzed changes in personal net worth as well as changes in personal net housing worth and financial net worth of individuals whose marriages dissolved between 2002 and 2017. Analyses used comprehensive wealth data from the German Socio‐Economic Panel study.ResultsAlthough wealth declines commenced prior to separation, separation was the most critical point with 82% and 76% reductions in personal wealth of men and women, respectively. Divorce did not pose additional wealth penalties, but wealth was also not recovered in years after divorce. The lasting separation penalty was mainly driven by declines in housing wealth and a lack of financial wealth recovery. Overall, both men and women experienced dramatic relative wealth declines with negligible gender differences. Predicted wealth levels, however, indicated that men may be in a financially better position compared to women due to higher preseparation wealth levels.ConclusionResults illustrated important variations in personal wealth measures over the marital dissolution process, which may drive lasting wealth inequalities, particularly with regard to housing wealth for both men and women.
Running out of bullets: The challenging management of acute hepatitis and SARS‐COV‐2 from the SMatteo COvid19 Registry (SMACORE)
Authors: Colaneri Marta , Valsecchi Pietro , Perotti Luciano , Ludovisi Serena , Seminari Elena , Pieri Teresa Chiara , Sacchi Paolo , Bruno Raffaele 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLiver impairment is frequent in patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) and direct viral tropism for the liver has been proven. Since several of the currently administered drugs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) are possibly hepatotoxic, the management of patients with COVID‐19 and liver failure is still an almost unexplored field. Taking this challenging case of acute HBV with persistent hyperbilirubinemia and SARS‐COV‐2 infection with respiratory distress as a starting point, we here loop through this condition. Where the available therapeutic options are scarce, we here propose hemoperfusion (HP) as an attractive alternative to both delay any late‐stage progression of hyper inflammation process in COVID‐19 and remove the toxins involved in acute liver failure.
Mycorrhizas transfer carbon in a mature mixed forest
Authors: Gorzelak Monika A. , Ellert Benjamin H. , Tedersoo Leho 
Published: July 2020

Mycorrhizal fungi transfer nutrients to plants in exchange for photosynthates. Plants allocate up to 20% of their carbon to mycorrhizal structures, mycelium and fruit bodies of their fungal partners. Individuals of mycorrhizal fungi may encompass hundreds of square metres of soil and defragmented litter, linking multiple plant individuals of different species and size (Figure 1). Using a free‐air 13CO2 enrichment (web‐FACE) technique in a mature forest, interspecific transfer accounted for 40% of fine root carbon after 5 years of back and forth transfer between trees. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Rog, Rosenstock, Körner, and Klein (2020) show that closely related trees shared relatively more mycorrhizal fungi than distantly related trees in the same experimental site, which correlated to increased carbon sharing.
The MRI colonic function test: Reproducibility of the Macrogol stimulus challenge
Authors: Wilkinson‐Smith Victoria , Menys Alex , Bradley Christopher , Corsetti Maura , Marciani Luca , Atkinson David , Coupland Carol , Taylor Stuart A. , Gowland Penny , Spiller Robin , Hoad Caroline 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the colonic response to a macrogol challenge drink can be used to assess the mechanisms underlying severe constipation. We measured the intrasubject reproducibility of MRI measures of colonic function to aid their implementation as a possible clinical test.MethodsHealthy participants attended for MRI on two occasions (identical protocols, minimum 1 week apart). They underwent a fasted scan and then consumed the macrogol drink. Subjects were scanned at 60 and 120 minutes, with maximum value reached used for comparison. The colonic volume, water content, mixing of colonic content and the movement of the colon walls were measured. Coefficients of variation and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated.ResultsTwelve participants completed the study: nine female, mean age 26 years (SD 5) and body mass index 24.8 kg/m2 (SD 3.2). All measures consistently increased above baseline following provocation with macrogol. The volume, water content and content mixing had good intrasubject reproducibility (ICC volume = 0.84, water content = 0.93, mixing = 0.79, P < .001). With the wall movement, the response to the challenge was generally large, but more variable between visits resulting in a lower ICC overall (ascending colon = 0.65, descending colon = 0.76, P < .001).ConclusionsThe colonic response to the macrogol stimulus as assessed by MRI is heterogeneous but large compared to baseline, with moderate to good reproducibility, making the test suitable to study potential pathologies underlying GI disorders such as constipation. More data are needed to better define the normal range for comparison with patient groups who may have both hypo‐ and hypermotile responses.
PDCD4 suppresses autophagy and promotes apoptosis via Akt in chondrocytes of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis
Authors: Liu Li , Feng Yaping , Hu Shiyu , Li Huimin , Li Yanyan , Ke Jin , Long Xing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the role and mechanisms of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) in chondrocytes from temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) rats.Material and MethodsHematoxylin and eosin, Safranin O, and micro‐CT were used to detect the morphologic changes in condyles in rat TMJs receiving iodoacetic acid (MIA). The expression of PDCD4, and autophagy‐ and apoptosis‐related proteins in these condyles was measured by immunohistochemistry. Next, using a small interference RNA against PDCD4 (siPDCD4‐1086) and/or specific signaling activators, the alteration of PDCD4, and autophagy‐ and apoptosis‐related proteins, as well as Akt and JNK in the IL‐1β‐treated chondrocytes from rat TMJ, was detected by Western blot, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry, respectively.ResultsElevation of PDCD4 and reduction in Beclin1, LC3II, and Bcl2 were observed in OA‐like lesions after MIA injection into rat TMJs. Then, PDCD4 downregulated autophagy and promoted apoptosis in the IL‐1β‐treated chondrocytes. Furthermore, Akt, not JNK, was responsible for PDCD4‐induced suppressed autophagy and enhanced apoptosis in the IL‐1β‐treated chondrocytes.ConclusionPDCD4 is highly expressed in the rat cartilage of MIA‐induced TMJOA and IL‐1β‐treated primary chondrocytes. PDCD4 inhibits autophagy and promotes apoptosis via Akt in these cells.
Do the Benefits of COVID‐19 Policies Exceed the Costs? Exploring Uncertainties in the Age–VSL Relationship
Authors: Robinson Lisa A. , Sullivan Ryan , Shogren Jason F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNumerous analyses of the benefits and costs of COVID‐19 policies have been completed quickly as the crisis has unfolded. The results often largely depend on the approach used to value mortality risk reductions, typically expressed as the value per statistical life (VSL). Many analyses rely on a population‐average VSL estimate; some adjust VSL for life expectancy at the age of death. We explore the implications of theory and empirical studies, which suggest that the relationship between age and VSL is uncertain. We compare the effects of three approaches: (1) an invariant population‐average VSL; (2) a constant value per statistical life‐year (VSLY); and (3) a VSL that follows an inverse‐U pattern, peaking in middle age. We find that when applied to the U.S. age distribution of COVID‐19 deaths, these approaches result in average VSL estimates of $10.63 million, $4.47 million, and $8.31 million. We explore the extent to which applying these estimates alters the conclusions of frequently cited analyses of social distancing, finding that they significantly affect the findings. However, these analyses do not address other characteristics of COVID‐19 deaths that may increase or decrease the VSL estimates. Examples include the health status and income level of those affected, the size of the risk change, and the extent to which the risk is dreaded, uncertain, involuntarily incurred, and outside of one's control. The effects of these characteristics and their correlation with age are uncertain; it is unclear whether they amplify or diminish the effects of age on VSL.
Impact of mHealth on contraceptive use among women and men of reproductive age in low‐ and middle‐income countries: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zulu Ethan M. , Sukwa Thomas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveAround the world, the use of modern contraceptives has risen significantly, but the quality and reach of sexual and reproductive health services remains weak in the poorest countries. To address the high unmet need, an opportunity arises for mobile health technology (mHealth) to empower both clients and providers. However, evidence that mHealth is effective in increasing modern contraceptive use is limited and mixed, and we set out to assess its impact.MethodsA systematic literature search from seven electronic databases was conducted using key search terms. Individually randomised controlled trials that compared modern contraceptive use in women and men using phone message interventions and those without the intervention were included. Stata was used to calculate pooled estimates of effect under the random‐effects model, as well as produce the risk of bias using the Egger’s regression method. GRADEpro GDT was used to assess the quality of individual studies.ResultsA pooled estimate of all of the studies showed a positive association between phone messages and contraception use, but no clear evidence of benefit (OR 1.12; 95% CI 0.97–1.29). Notably, pooled results of studies that reported modern contraceptive use as the primary outcome showed that mobile phone messaging was associated with an increase in the use of modern contraception (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.01–1.47).ConclusionsThe finding of this systematic review suggests that mobile phone message interventions utilising a behavioural change technique are an effective method of increasing modern contraceptive use among men and women of reproductive age in low‐ and middle‐income countries though the effect is small.
Improved detection of adenomas and sessile serrated polyps is maintained with continuous audit of colonoscopy
Authors: Fraser Alan Gordon , Rose Toby , Wong Philip , Lane Mark , Frankish Paul 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe audit process may help improve performance indicators for colonoscopy quality but it is unclear whether this is sustained over several years.Methods44138 procedures for 28 endoscopists from 2004 to 2019 were analysed for polyp detection rate and withdrawal time. From 2012, 14 endoscopists were analysed with additional data on polyp histology and number of polyps removed.ResultsPolyp detection increased from 40.7% in 2004 to 62.2% in 2019; removal of polyps>1 cm remained constant (11%). Adenoma detection rate was 25.8% in 2012 and 28.3% in 2019. Sessile serrated polyp (SSP) detection rate increased from 4.5% to 14.7%; most of the increase was in the first 2 years of the histology part of the audit. There was a significant correlation of adenoma detection rate with mean number of adenomas (r=0.72, p=0.004) and a significant correlation of SSP detection with mean number of SSPs (r=0.85, p=0.0001).ConclusionThe audit process appears to encourage a higher rate of polyp detection. This was due to increased detection of smaller polyps and increased detection of SSPs.
Oncology to specialised palliative home care systematic transition: the Domus randomised trial
Authors: Benthien Kirstine , Diasso Pernille , von Heymann Annika , Nordly Mie , Kurita Geana , Timm Helle , Johansen Christoffer , Kjellberg Jakob , von der Maase Hans , Sjøgren Per 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the effect of a systematic, fast-track transition from oncological treatment to specialised palliative care at home on symptom burden, to explore intervention mechanisms through patient and intervention provider characteristics and to assess long-term survival and place of death.MeasuresThe effect of a systematic, fast-track transition from oncological treatment to specialised palliative care at home on patient symptom burden was studied in the Domus randomised clinical trial. Participants had incurable cancer and limited treatment options. The intervention was provided by specialised palliative home teams (SPT) based in hospice or hospital and was enriched with a psychological intervention for patient and caregiver dyad. Symptom burden was measured with Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS-r) at baseline, 8 weeks and 6 months follow-up and analysed with mixed models. Survival and place of death was analysed with Kaplan-Meier and Fisher’s exact tests.ResultsThe study included 322 patients. Tiredness was significantly improved for the Domus intervention group at 6 months while the other nine symptom outcomes were not significantly different from the control group. Exploring the efficacy of intervention provider demonstrated significant differences in favour of the hospice SPT on four symptoms and total symptom score. Patients with children responded more favourably to the intervention. The long-term follow-up demonstrated no differences between the intervention and the control groups regarding survival or home deaths.ConclusionsThe Domus intervention may reduce tiredness. Moreover, the intervention provider and having children might play a role concerning intervention efficacy. The intervention did not affect survival or home deaths.Trial registration numberNCT01885637
Nonleptonic and semileptonic $${\Lambda _b} \rightarrow {\Lambda _c}$$ transitions in a potential quark model
Authors: Rahmani S. , Hassanabadi H. , Kříž Jan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNonleptonic and semileptonic decay widths of $${\Lambda _b} \rightarrow {\Lambda _c}$$Λb→Λc are analyzed within heavy quark limit and Isgur-Wise formalism. A modified QCD Cornell interaction with the additional logarithmic term in the hyperspherical coordinates is considered and the masses of heavy flavour baryons are calculated. The obtained masses are consequently employed to study the rates of $${\Lambda _b} \rightarrow {\Lambda _c}$$Λb→Λc. The achieved results are motivating.
Perfil de pacientes com sequelas de acidente vascular cerebral internados em um centro de reabilitação
Authors: Marques Jessica Carla , Silva Francine  Aguilera Rodrigues , Martins Amanda Neris , Oliveira Perdigão Francyelle Sales , Martins Prudente Cejane Oliveira , Fagundes Rayne Ramos 
Published: July 2020

O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) causa um impacto negativo nos indivíduos afetados e ocasiona alto número de mortes e internações no mundo. O AVC causa incapacidades funcionais, e a reabilitação na fase aguda ajuda a reduzir instalação de complicações secundárias e favorecer a independência. A medida de independência funcional (MIF) é um instrumento amplo para mensurar a capacidade funcional nesta fase de reabilitação. O Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil sociodemográfico, clínico e funcional de indivíduos com AVC internados em um centro de reabilitação em Goiânia - GO. Método: O estudo foi transversal, analisou o prontuário de pacientes internados de julho de 2016 a julho de 2018, foi coletado o perfil sociodemográfico e a MIF no primeiro dia de internação. Resultados: Foram analisadas 138 fichas, houve predominância do sexo masculino, mediana de idade de 61 anos, 70,3% tiveram AVC isquêmico, 89,9% apresentaram hemiplegia, 46,4% o lado esquerdo foi mais acometido, 84,1% utilizavam cadeiras de rodas. 51,4% eram casados, 36,2% tinham baixa escolaridade e 60,1% eram hipertensos e 55 de mediana da MIF destacando maior independência funcional nos cuidados pessoais, controle, esfincteriano e conhecimento social. Concluisão: O perfil dos pacientes com AVC internados foi caracterizado por indivíduos do sexo masculino, baixa escolaridade e renda, idade avançada, altos índices de incapacidade funcional, alterações na marcha, espasticidade, hemiplegia e disfagia. Conhecer o perfil dos indivíduos com AVC ajudará a compreender suas causas e guiar políticas de prevenção, permitindo melhor qualidade de vida, rápida recuperação e reinserção às atividades de vida diária e à vida profissional.
Emancipatory Aesthetics in Beckett’s Theatre of Affect
Authors: Palmstierna Einarsson Charlotta 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article uses Beckett’s directorial comments on the screened version of What Where (1982), as a point of departure for teasing out the poetic logic of Beckett’s attention to the formal aspects of the stage image. By having formal aspects take precedence over linguistic expression, Beckett refuses closure on the level of language and makes more authentic acts of judgment possible. Such ‘emancipatory aesthetics’ promotes intellectual freedom, a liberating aspect of Beckett’s work sometimes neglected.
Artistic and Cultural Values in the Churches of Diu: Reflections on Architecture, Iconography, and Artistic Processes
Authors: Reis Mónica Esteves 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
As examples of the interpretative capacity, ingenuity, and art of local carvers, Indo-Portuguese altarpieces show how religious-cultural differences could be re-enacted to create new and very particular forms that enriched Indo-Portuguese artistic production. The Northern Province played an important role in the economy of Portuguese India from the sixteenth century until at least the eighteenth century. Although Diu was geographically distant from Goa, the capital of the State of India, and from Bassein, the nearest artistic production center, the artistic panorama in Diu’s churches nevertheless developed to a remarkable extent, and its many hybrid depictions bear witness to artistic-cultural exchanges. Ornamental figurative elements and architectural elements of Portuguese origin were refashioned using the language of local art and its symbols of devotion. In the carvings executed by local artisans, the symbols of local religions were transposed into the Christian decorative grammar with the aim of explaining, through images, the gospel of a new religion to devotees of a religion rooted in centuries of history, resulting in artistic-cultural hybridity.
Multidisciplinary treatment for colorectal liver metastases in elderly patients
Authors: Hata Taigo , Mise Yoshihiro , Ono Yoshihiro , Sato Takafumi , Inoue Yosuke , Ito Hiromichi , Takahashi Yu , Yanaga Katsuhiko , Saiura Akio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Limited data describe the therapeutic practice and outcomes of colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) in elderly patients. We aimed to evaluate the impact of age on multidisciplinary treatment for CRLMs.

Methods
We reviewed treatment and outcomes for patients in different age groups who underwent initial hepatectomy for CRLMs from 2004 through 2012.

Results
We studied 462 patients who were divided into three groups by age: ≤ 64 years (n = 265), 65–74 years (n = 151), and ≥ 75 years (n = 46). The rate of major hepatectomy and incidence of postoperative complications did not differ between groups. Adjuvant chemotherapy was used less in the ≥ 75-year group (19.6%) than that in the ≤ 64 (54.3%) or 65–74 age group (43.5%). Repeat hepatectomy for liver recurrence was performed less in the ≥ 75-year group (35%) than in the ≤ 64 (57%) or 65–74 (66%) age group. The 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rate of 44.2% in the ≥ 75-year group was lower than in the ≤ 64 (59.0%) or 65–74 (64.7%) age group. Multivariate analysis revealed age ≥ 75 years was an independent predictor of poor DSS.

Conclusions
Liver resection for CRLMs can be performed safely in elderly patients. However, repeat resection for recurrence are performed less frequently in the elderly, which may lead to the poorer disease-specific prognosis.