bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infiltration and Sealing for Managing Non-Cavitated Proximal Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Chen Dongru , Lin Huancai 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Infiltration and sealing are micro-invasive treatments for arresting proximal non-cavitated caries lesions; however, their efficacies under different conditions remain unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the caries-arresting effectiveness of infiltration and sealing and to further analyse their efficacies across different dentition types and caries risk levels.Methods: Electronic databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed and Embase) were searched for published literature, and references were manually searched. Split-mouth randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the effectiveness between infiltration/sealing and non-invasive treatments in proximal lesions were included. The primary outcome was obtained from radiographical readings. In total, 995 citations were identified, and 16 RCTs (21 articles) were included.Results: For subgroup analysis, infiltration and sealing reduced the odds of lesion progression (infiltration vs non-invasive: OR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.29; sealing vs placebo: OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.41). For both primary and permanent dentitions, infiltration and sealing were more effective than non-invasive treatments (primary dentition: OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.45; permanent dentition: OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.27). The overall effects of infiltration and sealing were significantly different from the control effects based on different caries risk levels (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.27). For patients with different risk levels, there were significant differences between micro-invasive and non-invasive treatments (low risk: OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.75; low to moderate risk: OR=0.38, 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.81; moderate to high risk: OR=0.17, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.29; and high risk: OR=0.14, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.26). Infiltration was superior to non-invasive treatments for patients at different caries risk levels (low risk: OR = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.22; low to moderate risk: OR=0.38, 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.81; moderate to high risk: OR=0.19, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.38; and high risk: OR=0.14, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.29).Conclusion: Infiltration and sealing were more efficacious than non-invasive treatments for halting non-cavitated proximal lesions.
Earthquake hazard potential along the Panjal Thrust and the Zanskar Thrust, NW Himalaya
Authors: Bali Bikram Singh , Wani Ahsan Afzal 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Kashmir basin is considered to be tectonically active where damaging earthquakes (historical and instrumental) and landslides have occurred. These geologic catastrophes make Kashmir valley prone to hazards. The fault bound Kashmir basin is marked by two mountain fronts: MF1 associated with the Panjal Thrust (PT) and Balapor Fault (BF) and MF2 associated with the Zanskar Thrust. These two structural units make Kashmir valley very susceptible to earthquakes. With this in view the whole basin was divided into 22 sub-basins. However only nine extreme north and south sub basins (five extreme southern and four northern extreme north) were studied to carry out relative tectonic activity of these two tectonic units. With the help of K-mean clustering of eight basin-related geomorphic indices (Hypsometric integral (Hi), Asymmetry factor (Af), Mountain front sinuosity (Smf), Basin shape (Circularity ratio (KA) and Elongation ratio (Eb)), Form factor (Ff), Bifurcation ratio (Rb) and Sinuosity index (Si) were calculated. The results of the geomorphic indices were correlated with the structural and seismic data after that they were grouped into low three (Class1), moderate (class2) and high (class3) relative tectonic activity zones based on the quantified geomorphic indices, earthquake data, structural data and field observations. The overall results infer the tectonic activity dies out towards the north of the Kashmir Valley. It was observed that the highest tectonic activity mostly corresponds to the sub basins in vicinity of the PT and BF stretching 100 Km from Shopian to Baramulla. The least tectonic activity was found to be associated with the ZT lying to the north and northeast part of the Kashmir Valley. The seismic frequency and the overall data analysis infer that the south and Southwestern side of the Kashmir has potential of moderate earthquake in future.
Land Management Criteria For Green Building Certification Systems In Turkey
Authors: Erdede Bilge , Bektaş Sebahattin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background: The energy issue is of great importance for energy dependent countries like Turkey. Some legislative regulations such as the Energy Efficiency Law and the Energy Performance Regulation of Building have recently been made in our country. Although the Energy Performance Certificate for buildings has been put into practice , a national green building certification system is not available yet. The most widely used certification systems in the world are BREEAM (Bre Environmental Assessment Method) and LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), which do not produce very realistic results. Therefore, it is essential to establish a national certification system. For this purpose, studies have been started by ÇEDBİK (the Turkish Green Building Council) and Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University (MSFAU). However, it has not yet been legally validated.Methods: In this study, a survey was conducted to highlight the importance of the category of land management, one of the criteria of the green building certification systems, and to identify sub-criteria under this title more objectively. Worldwide valid certification systems and parts of the certification systems regarding land management that are tried to be established in Turkey were examined to determine the survey questions and in line with this, a literature review was performed. The experts in Turkey were interviewed to gather ideas and insights. By listing the answers from these experts using the AHP method, the criteria and sub-criteria of land method were determined.Conclusions: In this study, a green building certification system to be established in our country was discussed under the category of land management to which great importance has been attached, especially by survey engineers, and the criteria under this category has been identified. A survey was conducted to determine these criteria, and the results were examined.The subcriteria of the category of land management were identified, and their weights were calculated. A sample program was written in the Microsoft Visual Studio Net 2013 programming language to determine the scores of buildings according to these weights.
Visualizations of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes on Genomic Index Maps
Authors: Zheng Jeffrey , Zhu Minghan , Qiao Mu , Zhou Yang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, comprehensive cases are visualized by {C1, C2, C3, C4} four modules of the MAS. Four sets of SARS-CoV-2 genomes with 20, 128, 381 and 1337 cases were processed to be represented as a series of genomic index maps in four entropies: combinatorial, integrated, mean and topological entropies, respectively. Typical samples and explanations are described. Multiple levels of hierarchical representations are illustrated.
Coagulation Factor XII protects neurons from apoptosis by triggering a crosstalk between HGFR/c-Met and EGFR/ErbB1 signaling pathways
Authors: Garnier Eugénie , Levard Damien , Ali Carine , Hommet Yannick , Crepaldi Tiziana , Comoglio Paolo , Rubio Marina , Vivien Denis , Lizarrondo Sara Martinez de , Docagne Fabian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Factor XII (FXII) is a serine protease that participates in the intrinsic coagulation pathway. Several studies have shown that plasmatic FXII exert a deleterious role in cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury by promoting thrombo-inflammation. Nevertheless, the direct impact of FXII on neuronal cell fate remains unknown.Methods We investigated whether FXII influenced neuronal death induced in vivo by stereotaxic injection of N-methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) and in vitro by serum deprivation of cultured neurons.Results We found that FXII reduced brain lesions induced in vivo and protected cultured neurons from apoptosis through a growth factor-like effect. This mechanism was triggered by direct interaction with epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, activation of this receptor and engagement of anti-apoptotic intracellular pathways. Interestingly, the “proteolytically” active and two-chain form of FXII, αFXIIa, exerted additional protective effects by converting the pro-form of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) into its mature form, which in turn activated HGF receptor (HGFR/c-Met) pathway. Lastly, the use of non-proteolytic FXII (αFXIIa-PPACK) unveiled an alternative EGFR and HGFR co-activation pathway, through co-receptor transphosphorylation. Conclusion This study describes novel mechanisms of action of FXII and discloses neurons as target cells for the protective effects of single and double-chain forms of FXII.
Human airway organoids model SARS-CoV-2 high infectiousness and evasion of interferon response
Authors: Zhou Jie , Chiu Man Chun , LI Cun , Liu Xiaojuan , Zhao Xiaoyu , Wang Dong , Wei Yuxuan , Chu Hin , Cai Jian-Piao , Yip Cyril Chik-Yan , Poon Vincent , Chan Ivy , Wong Kenneth Kak-Yuen , Chan Jasper Fuk-Woo , Chen Zhiwei , Chen Honglin , Clevers Hans , Yuen Kwok-Yung 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is more infectious and transmissible in humans than SARS-CoV, despite the genetic relatedness and sharing the same cellular receptor. We sought to assess whether human airway organoids can model SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human airway and elucidate the cellular basis underlying its higher transmissibility. We demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 can establish a productive infection in human airway organoids, in which ciliated cell and basal cell are infected. Wildtype SARS-CoV-2 carrying a furin cleavage motif exhibits comparable replication kinetics to a mutant virus without the motif. Human airway organoids sustain higher replication of SARS-CoV-2 than SARS-CoV, whereas interferon response is more potently induced in the latter than the former. Overall, human airway organoids can model SARS-CoV-2 infection and recapitulate the disposable role of furin cleavage motif for virus transmission in humans. SARS-CoV-2 stealth growth and evasion of interferon response may underlie pre-symptomatic virus shedding in COVID-19 patients, leading to its high infectiousness and transmissibility.
Ten- Year-Old Female with Dieulafoy Lesion Treated with Therapeutic Endoscopy And Literature Review
Authors: Chen Ying , Sun Mei , Teng Xu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background There are many causes of sudden gastrointestinal bleeding in children, Dieulafoy lesion is very rare. This vascular abnormality can be fatal without appropriate treatment.Case presentation Retrospective analysis of the clinical manifestations, endoscopic features and treatment of a Chinese child with Dieulafoy lesion and review relevant literatures.Result A 10-year-old girl was admitted to hospital with sudden massive hematemesis and melena. Abdominal CT revealed suspected submucosal bleeding in the stomach. Finally the disease was diagnosed due to the typical manifestations with endoscopy. Meanwhile, we used electrocoagulation and hemoclips to hemostasis under endoscopy. No recurrence of hematemesis identified during the 4-weeks follow-up.Conclusion Dieulafoy lesion in children is rare cause of sudden gastrointestinal hemorrhage. But differential diagnosis cannot ignore it. Endoscope is the optimize choice for diagnosis and treatment.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of NaCl&nbsp;and KCl&nbsp;Stress Response in Malus Hupehensis Rehd. Provide Insight Into the Regulation Involved in Na+ and K+ Homeostasis
Authors: Li Yuqi , Zheng Xiaodong , Tian Yike , Ma Changqing , Yang Shaolan , WANG CAIHONG 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Apple is among the most widely cultivated perennial fruit crops worldwide. It is sensitive to salt stress, which seriously affects the growth and productivity of apple trees by destroying the homeostasis of Na+ and K+. Previous studies focused on the molecular mechanism underlying NaCl stress. However, signaling transduction under KCl stress has not been thoroughly studied. Results: We comprehensively analyzed the salt tolerance of Malus hupehensis Rehd., which is a widely used rootstock in apple orchards, by using RNA-Seq. Roots and leaves were treated with NaCl and KCl. Based on mapping analyses, a total of 762 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to NaCl and KCl stress in the roots and leaves were identified. The Gene Ontology (GO) terms were enriched in ion transmembrane transporter and oxidoreductase activity under NaCl and KCl stress. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways focused on the plant hormone signal transduction and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. We also screened out 28 candidate genes from 762 DEGs and verified their expression by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). All of these enriched genes were closely related to NaCl and KCl stress and take part in mediating the Na+ and K+ homeostasis in M. hupehensis. Conclusions: This transcriptome analysis provides a valuable resource for elucidating the signaling pathway of NaCl and KCl stress and is a substantial genetic resource for discovering genes related to the NaCl and KCl stress response of M. hupehensis.
Nasal carriage rate, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated risk factors of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among prisoners in Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Mamo Getinet , Belachew Teshome , Ferede Getachew 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

The prevalence of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) within the general public has caused outbreaks in groups of people in close quarters such as military barracks, gyms, day care centres and correctional facilities. Correctional facilities are of particular importance for spreading MRSA, as inmates are often in close proximity and have limited access to hygienic products and clean clothing. In Ethiopia, there is a limited number of studies about methicillin-resistant S. aureus in the prison setting. Therefore, this study aimed to determine nasal carriages rate, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and associated risk factors of MRSA among prisoners in Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia.
Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to March 30/2020 on 329 prisoners. Nasal swabs were collected and processed on blood agar and Mannitol salt agar plates. The isolates were identified as S. aureus based on morphology, coagulase test, and mannitol salt agar fermentation. Disk diffusion antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Methicillin-resistance by S. aureus was confirmed by using cefoxitin (30 µg). Data entry and statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version 20.
Results

Out of the 329 prisoners, 115(35%) carried S. aureus, of which 35/115 (30.4%) were MRSA. Therefore, 10.64% of all prison inmates were identified as MRSA carriers. MRSA carriage rate was highest among the age groups of 24–34 and 35–45, which was 12 (34.3). Penicillin showed the highest rate of resistance among MRSA and MSSA isolates (100%). The multi-drug resistance rate was very high (50.4%). Among 115 S. aureus isolates, about 2(7.4%) showed inducible Clindamycin resistance.
Conclusion

The high rate of nasal MRSA carriage among prisoners found in this study is alarming and highlights the need for adjusted infection control measures to prevent MRSA transmission within inmates or to the community during their discharge.
Evidence for complex fixed points in pandemic data
Authors: Cacciapaglia Giacomo , Sannino Francesco 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Epidemic data show the existence of a region of quasi-linear growth (strolling period) of infected cases extending in between waves. We demonstrate that this constitutes evidence for the existence of near time-scale invariance that is neatly encoded via complex fixed points in the epidemic Renormalisation Group approach. As a result we achieve a deeper understanding of multiple wave dynamics and its inter-wave strolling regime. Our results are tested and calibrated against the COVID-19 pandemic data. Because of the simplicity of our approach that is organised around symmetry principles our discovery amounts to a paradigm shift in the way epidemiological data are mathematically modelled.
Genomic and multi-tissue proteomic integration for understanding the biology of disease and other complex traits
Authors: Cruchaga Carlos , Yang Chengran , Farias Fabiana Geraldo , Ibanez Laura , Sadler Brooke , Fernandez Maria Victoria , Wang Fengxian , Bradley Joseph , Eiffert Brett , Bahena Jorge , Budde John , Li Zeran , Dube Umber , Sung Yun Ju , Mihindukulasuriya Kathie , Morris John , Fagan Anne , Perrin Richard , Benitez Bruno , Rhinn Herve , Harari Oscar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Understanding the tissue-specific genetic architecture of protein levels is instrumental to understand the biology of health and disease. We generated a genomic atlas of protein levels in multiple neurologically relevant tissues (380 brain, 835 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and 529 plasma), by profiling thousands of proteins (713 CSF, 931 plasma and 1079 brain) in a large and well-characterized cohort. We identified 274, 127 and 32 protein quantitative loci (pQTL) for CSF, plasma and brain respectively. cis-pQTL were more likely to be shared across tissues but trans-pQTL tend to be tissue-specific. Between 44% to 68.2% of the pQTL do not colocalize with expression, splicing, methylation or histone QTLs, indicating that protein levels have a different genetic architecture to those that regulate gene expression. By combining our pQTL with Mendelian Randomization approaches we identified potential novel biomarkers and drug targets for neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer disease and frontotemporal dementia. Here we present the first multi-tissue study yielding hundred of novel pQTLs. This data will be instrumental to identify the functional gene from GWAS signals, identify novel biological protein-protein interactions, identify novel potential biomarkers and drug targets for complex traits.
Relation between skeletal muscle strength and ubiquitin ligase expression in muscle atrophy models in zebrafish larvae (Danio Rerio)
Authors: Liu Jiao , Le Elisabeth , Schwartzkopf Matthias , Arner Anders 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Skeletal muscle atrophy is often seen in patients with chronic diseases or muscle disuse. Upregulated expression of ubiquitin ligases such as Muscle Ring Finger 1 (MuRF-1) and Muscle Atrophy F-box (MAFbx) has been shown in different immobilization-induced atrophy models, which is believed to be responsible for the enhanced muscle protein proteolysis and thereafter results in muscle weakness. However, currently used immobilization animal models can include artefacts due to difficulty of food intake and stress. Zebrafish larvae 5-6 days after hatching do not require active movement for food intake, and it is possible to assess the muscle function of their trunk muscle. Therefore, we established two muscle atrophy models using zebrafish larvae and aimed to investigate the role of the MuRFs and MAFbx in relation with muscle function.Methods An actin-myosin interaction blocker (BTS) was used to immobilize zebrafish larvae from 3-6 days after hatching; in another series, dexamethasone was fed to larvae from 3-5 days after hatching. Maximal active force of trunk muscles was examined and the distance between adjacent filaments in sarcomeric structure was measured using small angle x-ray diffraction. MuRF and MAFbx expression was determined using real time PCR. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the difference between groups.Results We found a significant up-regulation of MuRF-1 and a lower active force generation in dexamethasone treated larvae. However, although the BTS immobilization induced muscle weakness, it was associated with decreased of MuRF-1 to 3 and MAFbx. After 3 days of immobilization, sarcomere became more compressed compared to the controls.Conclusions Two kinds of muscle atrophy models were successfully established in zebrafish larvae. MuRFs and MAFbx was lowered in BTS treated model whereas MuRF-1 was up-regulated in dexamethasone treated model implicating the complex role of ubiquitin ligase in different muscle atrophy models.
High phosphate levels promote muscle atrophy via myostatin expression in differentiated L6 myotubes
Authors: Sonou Tomohiro , Ohya Masaki , Kawakami Kazuki , Yashiro Mitsuru , Mima Toru , Negi Shigeo , Shigematsu Takashi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia is the age-induced, progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. This phenomenon is observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the intracellular mechanism underlying the progressive sarcopenia in CKD has not been completely elucidated. Although hyperphosphatemia contributes to cellular senescence, it is unclear whether this condition induces skeletal muscle atrophy. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hyperphosphatemia on skeletal muscle. Methods: Differentiated rat myoblast cells (L6) were exposed to normal (0.9 mM; CON), medium (2.5 mM), and high (3.8mM; HPi) phosphate conditions for 10 days. We measured the protein levels of myosin heavy chain (MHC) and myostatin and determined the ratio of phosphorylated p70S6K and cleaved caspase-3 by western blot. The expression levels of the myogenic transcriptional regulators MyoD and myogenin were measured by qPCR. Results: The levels of MHC were gradually downregulated depending on the phosphate concentration. Myostatin in HPi was about 20 times higher than in CON (P<0.001). In myotubes cultured in HPi, protein synthesis was significantly lower, and degradation was significantly higher than in CON (P<0.01). The mRNA expression of MyoD in HPi was significantly lower than in CON. Conclusions: This study showed that hyperphosphatemia strongly induced muscle atrophy with the accumulation of myostatin. This mechanism might include the downregulation of protein synthesis, upregulation of proteolysis, and attenuated muscle regeneration.