bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surveying Brain Tumor Heterogeneity by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Multi-sector Biopsies
Authors: Yu Kai , Hu Yuqiong , Wu Fan , Guo Qiufang , Qian Zenghui , Hu Waner , Chen Jing , Wang Kuanyu , Fan Xiaoying , Wu Xinglong , Rasko John EJ , Fan Xiaolong , Iavarone Antonio , Jiang Tao , Tang Fuchou , Su Xiao-Dong 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTBrain tumors are among the most challenging human tumors for which the mechanisms driving progression and heterogeneity remain poorly understood. We combined single-cell RNA-seq with multisector biopsies to sample and analyze single-cell expression profiles of gliomas from 13 Chinese patients. After classifying individual cells, we generated a spatial and temporal landscape of glioma that revealed the patterns of invasion between the different sub-regions of gliomas. We also used single-cell inferred CNVs and pseudotime trajectories to inform on the crucial branches that dominate tumor progression. The dynamic cell components of the multi-region biopsy analysis allowed us to spatially deconvolute with unprecedented accuracy the transcriptomic features of the core and those of the periphery of glioma at single cell level. Through this rich and geographically detailed dataset, we were also able to characterize and construct the chemokine and chemokine receptor interactions that exist among different tumor and non-tumor cells. This study provides the first spatial-level analysis of the cellular states that characterize human gliomas. It also presents an initial molecular map of the crosstalks between glioma cells and the surrounding microenvironment with single cell resolution.
Human AKTIP interacts with ESCRT proteins and functions at the midbody in cytokinesis
Authors: Merigliano Chiara , Burla Romina , La Torre Mattia , Del Giudice Simona , Teo Hsiang Ling , Liew Chong Wai , Goh Wah Ing , Chojnowski Alexandre , Olmos Yolanda , Chiolo Irene , Carlton Jeremy G. , Raimondo Domenico , Verni Fiammetta , Stewart Colin , Rhodes Daniela , Wright Graham D. , Burke Brian , Saggio Isabella 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo complete mitosis, the intercellular bridge that links daughter cells needs to be cleaved. This abscission step is carried out by the sequential recruitment of ESCRT proteins at the midbody. We report here that a new factor, named AKTIP, works in association with ESCRTs. We find that AKTIP binds to the ESCRT I subunit VPS28, and show by high resolution microscopy that AKTIP forms a ring in the dark zone of the intercellular bridge. This ring is positioned in between the circular structures formed by ESCRTs type III. Functionally, we observe that the reduction of AKTIP impinges on the recruitment of the ESCRT III member IST1 at the midbody and causes abscission defects. Taken together, these data indicate that AKTIP is a new factor that contributes to the formation of the ESCRT complex at the midbody and is implicated in the performance of the ESCRT machinery during cytokinetic abscission.
Computational estimates of mechanical constraints on cell migration through the extracellular matrix
Authors: Maxian Ondrej , Mogilner Alex , Strychalski Wanda 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCell migration through a three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix (ECM) underlies important physiological phenomena and is based on a variety of mechanical strategies depending on the cell type and the properties of the ECM. By using computer simulations, we investigate two such migration mechanisms – ‘push-pull’ (forming a finger-like protrusion, adhering to an ECM node, and pulling the cell body forward) and ‘rear-squeezing’ (pushing the cell body through the ECM by contracting the cell cortex and ECM at the cell rear). We present a computational model that accounts for both elastic deformation and forces of the ECM, an active cell cortex and nucleus, and for hydrodynamic forces and flow of the extracellular fluid, cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. We find that relations between three mechanical parameters – the cortex’s contractile force, nuclear elasticity and ECM rigidity – determine the effectiveness of cell migration through the dense ECM. The cell can migrate persistently even if its cortical contraction cannot deform a near-rigid ECM, but then the contraction of the cortex has to be able to sufficiently deform the nucleus. The cell can also migrate even if it fails to deform a stiff nucleus, but then it has to be able to sufficiently deform the ECM. Simulation results show that nuclear stiffness limits the cell migration more than the ECM rigidity. Simulations of the rear-squeezing mechanism of motility results in more robust migration with larger cell displacements than those with the push-pull mechanism over a range of parameter values.Author summaryComputational simulations of models representing two different mechanisms of 3D cell migration in an extracellular matrix are presented. One mechanism represents a mesenchymal mode, characterized by finger-like actin protrusions, while the second mode is more amoeboid in that rear contraction of the cortex propels the cell forward. In both mechanisms, the cell generates a thin actin protrusion on the cortex that attaches to an ECM node. The cell is then either pulled (mesenchymal) or pushed (amoeboid) forward. Results show both mechanisms result in successful migration over a range of simulated parameter values as long as the contractile tension of the cortex exceeds either the nuclear stiffness or ECM stiffness, but not necessarily both. However, the distance traveled by the amoeboid migration mode is more robust to changes in parameter values, and is larger than in simulations of the mesenchymal mode. Additionally cells experience a favorable fluid pressure gradient when migrating in the amoeboid mode, and an adverse fluid pressure gradient in the mesenchymal mode.
Automated screening by 3D light-sheet microscopy with high spatial and temporal resolution reveals mitotic phenotypes
Authors: Eismann Björn , Krieger Teresa G , Beneke Jürgen , Bulkescher Ruben , Adam Lukas , Erfle Holger , Herrmann Carl , Eils Roland , Conrad Christian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract3D cell cultures enable thein vitrostudy of dynamic biological processes such as the cell cycle, but their use in high-throughput screens remains impractical with conventional fluorescent microscopy. Here, we present a screening workflow for the automated evaluation of mitotic phenotypes in 3D cell cultures by light-sheet microscopy. After sample preparation by a liquid handling robot, three-dimensional cell spheroids are imaged for 24 hoursin totowith a dual inverted selective plane illumination (diSPIM) microscope with a much improved signal-to-noise ratio, higher imaging speed, isotropic resolution and reduced light exposure compared to a spinning disc confocal microscope. A dedicated high-content image processing pipeline implements convolutional neural network based phenotype classification. We illustrate the potential of our approach by siRNA knock-down and epigenetic modification of 28 mitotic target genes for assessing their phenotypic role in mitosis. By rendering light-sheet microscopy operational for high-throughput screening applications, this workflow enables target gene characterization or drug candidate evaluation in tissue-like 3D cell culture models.
Impact of the Basel III bank regulation on US agricultural lending
Authors: Kim Kevin Nooree , Katchova Ani L. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
Following the recent global financial crisis, US regulatory agencies issued laws to implement the Basel III accords to ensure the resiliency of the US banking sector. Theories predict that enhanced regulations may alter credit issuance of the regulated banks due to increased capital requirements, but the direction of changes might not be straightforward especially with respect to the agricultural loans. A decrease in credit availability from banks might pose a serious problem for farmers who rely on bank credit especially during economic recessions. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the impact of Basel III regulatory framework implementation on agricultural lending in the USA is examined. Using panel data of FDIC-insured banks from 2008 to 2017, the agricultural loan volume and growth rates are examined for agricultural banks and all US banks.

Findings
The results show that agricultural loan growth rates have slowed down, but the amount of agricultural loan volume issuance still remained positive. More detailed examination finds that regulated agricultural banks have decreased both the agricultural loan volume and their loan exposure to the agricultural sector, showing a possible sign of credit crunch.

Originality/value
This study examines whether the implementation of the Basel III regulation has resulted in changes in agricultural loan issuance by US banks as predicted by the lending channel theory.
Sustainable construction
Authors: Khan Muhammad Waseem , Ali Yousaf 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The change in climate and depletion of natural resources because of the harmful emissions from different materials becomes a main issue for the globe. Some of the developed and developing countries have focused on this issue and performed research to provide a solution. The purpose of this study is to identify the best types of concrete based on its impact on the environment and economy.

Design/methodology/approach
The life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis of six concrete mixtures that include construction and demolition wastes (CDW), marble sludge, rice husk and bagasse ash as a partial replacement of cement, are performed. These types of concrete are compared with each other and with ordinary concrete to select the best possible concrete type for a developing country, like Pakistan.

Findings
The results show that, although for an agricultural country like Pakistan, the agriculture wastes such as rice husk and bagasse ash are preferable to be used, if the emissions of CO2 and CO from rice husk and NOx and SO2 from bagasse ash are properly controlled. However, based on the results, it is recommended to use the CDW in concrete because of the small amount of air emissions and affordable prices.

Originality/value
Through this study, a path has been provided to construction companies and relative government organizations of Pakistan, which leads to sustainable practices in the construction industry. Moreover, the base is provided for future researchers who want to work in this area, as for Pakistan, there is no database available that helps to identify the impact of different concrete on the environment.
Connecting theory and practice: reviewing six learning theories to inform online instruction
Authors: Brieger Earl , Arghode Vishal , McLean Gary 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze six learning theories, beyond those presented in an earlier article by the authors, and discuss their relevance and application in online instruction.Design/methodology/approachThe following databases were used to review the literature on adult learning theories: Academic Search Premier, ERIC and ProQuest. The following key search terms were used in the search process: online instruction, cognitivism, connectivism, heutagogy, social learning theory, transformative learning theory and Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development. The titles of the identified articles were first reviewed for relevance, followed by the abstract, before any further review for suitability for inclusion in this article.FindingsThe theory comparison revealed that it is critical to ascertain which learning theory best matches an instructional situation and the background of the learners. The selected learning theories differ in several parameters. The theories were critiqued for their contributions to identified elements in promoting learning. The discussed theories suggest ways to improve online learning environments.Research limitations/implicationsMany adult perspectives about learning, while called theories, are largely lacking in evidence leading to them becoming theories. Thus, there remains a need for empirical evidence of these theories and their roles in online instruction. Comparisons of the application of these theories for adult learners in online instruction would also be useful in establishing the effectiveness of the various learning theories in different adult learning situations.Practical implicationsThis paper provides a theoretical lens for adult instructors and instructional designers in incorporating these adult learning theories appropriately in improving online instruction.Originality/valueThis literature review uniquely critiques and compares common adult theories as they apply to adult online instruction.
Research on project risk response strategy selection based on grey K-shell algorithm
Authors: Chu Yanfeng , Wang Zhongren 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
There are a large number of interdependent risk factors in complex project. Risk response strategy without considering risk correlation cannot achieve good risk response. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose a risk response strategy selection model considering risk correlation based on the grey K-shell algorithm.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper mainly focuses on the measurement of two aspects of risk factors. One is the ability of the risk factors to influence other risk factors, another is the degree affected by other risk factors. Both of the above are measured by the grey K-shell algorithm improved in this paper, and the weights of these are used for the constructing of risk response strategy selection model.

Findings
The risk response strategy considering risk relevance is more effective than the risk response strategy without considering risk relevance. Also, results indicate that as the risk response budget increases the risk response effect also increases, and the increasing trend is weakens. The relative gap between the effect of response strategies considering risk relevance and the strategy without considering risk relevance increases first and, then, decreases with the increase of budget.

Originality/value
The results of this paper demonstrate that the risk response strategy considering risk relevance is more effective than not considering risk relevance. The approach presented in this paper can guide project managers’ risk decisions and may also help to find the best risk response budget.
Analyzing the usage of character groups and keyboard patterns in password creation
Authors: Kävrestad Joakim , Zaxmy Johan , Nohlberg Marcus 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
Using passwords to keep account and data safe is very common in modern computing. The purpose of this paper is to look into methods for cracking passwords as a means of increasing security, a practice commonly used in penetration testing. Further, in the discipline of digital forensics, password cracking is often an essential part of a computer examination as data has to be decrypted to be analyzed. This paper seeks to look into how users that actively encrypt data construct their passwords to benefit the forensics community.

Design/methodology/approach
The study began with an automated analysis of over one billion passwords in 22 different password databases that leaked to the internet. The study validated the result with an experiment were passwords created on a local website was analyzed during account creation. Further a survey was used to gather data that was used to identify differences in password behavior between user that actively encrypt their data and other users.

Findings
The result of this study suggests that American lowercase letters and numbers are present in almost every password and that users seem to avoid using special characters if they can. Further, the study suggests that users that actively encrypt their data are more prone to use keyboard patterns as passwords than other users.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge around password behavior and suggests that password-guessing attacks should focus on American letters and numbers. Further, the paper suggests that forensics experts should consider testing patterns-based passwords when performing password-guessing attacks against encrypted data.
Impact of female executives’ fraudulent behaviour on other women employees
Authors: Agnihotri Arpita , Bhattacharya Saurabh 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the adverse impact of a female executive’s fraudulent behaviour on other female employees working in the same organisation.Design/methodology/approachThis developmental study uses a comprehensive literature review and a set of propositions to identify the consequences of a female’s fraudulent activity on other female employees working in the focal organisation. It develops a conceptual framework for the same. Propositions are further supported by five focus group interviews.FindingsLeveraging stigma-by-association theory, the paper asserts that fraud committed by one female executive in an organisation enhances discriminatory practices against other female employees in the organisation. The level of adverse impact is contingent on the seniority of the female executive committing the fraud, severity of the fraud, gender of the other female employees’ managers and diversity in culture in the organisation.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper extends the stigma-by-association theory. In its original spirit, the theory describes how individuals who keep company with stigmatised individuals are also stigmatised. This study asserts that for this effect to take place, especially under fraudulent conditions, mere group affiliation, such as working in the same organisation, may cause an adverse effect on other women.Originality/valueThe paper is based on a rich conceptual and theoretical discussion that identifies the key consequences of a female executive’s fraudulent activity in an organisation. The study also conceptually establishes the moderating relationship between a female executive’s fraudulent activity and several key organisation-level variables.
Impact of work–life balance on organizational commitment of women health-care workers
Authors: Shabir Sana , Gani Abdul 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
This study aims to examine the linkage between work–life balance (WLB) and organizational commitment (OC) among women employees in the healthcare sector.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a quantitative methodology, this paper drew upon samples of 580 health-care sector employees working in the health-care sector of Jammu and Kashmir in India. A structured questionnaire was administered to gather the required information. Data were analyzed using SMART PLS and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, in which descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance and structural equation modeling were conducted to achieve the objectives of the study.

Findings
Findings indicated a significant positive relationship between WLB and OC. Further component-wise analysis revealed a positive relationship between the WLB and affective and normative commitment. However, WLB demonstrated a negative association with continuance commitment.

Originality/value
The study also brought forth the causes and potential consequences of the work–life imbalance and stressed upon the role of organizational policies in managing the relationship between work and non-work domains and subsequently the development of OC among employees.
It’s not inter-religiosity but intra-religiosity that really matters in attitude towards business ethics
Authors: Goel Puneeta , Misra Rupali 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
Given the strong religious background of India, it is quite surprising that the country is ranked as the most corrupt nation in the Asia Pacific region in 2017. This prompts the authors to investigate the role of religiosity in shaping an individual’s preference for ethical behavior. The purpose of this paper is to explore the conceptual linkage between religiosity and attitude towards business ethics (ATBE) and also assess the role of gender and profession in shaping it.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a cross-sectional survey on two divergent professional groups, management students and working professionals, this study explores the causal role of religiosity on ATBE using pre-validated religious commitment inventory (RCI-10) and ATBE through multiple regression. The difference between ATBE owing to the difference in gender and profession is investigated using independent sample t-test and Levene’s F-test. Multiple analysis of variance and multiple analysis of covariance are used to test the difference in ethical business philosophies.

Findings
The findings of the study indicate that gender and profession do not influence ATBE, though religious individuals have an ethical approach towards business issues. The significant causal relationship between composite religiosity and ATBE is documented. Further, assessing the predictor role of intra- and inter-personal religiosity on ATBE, the authors see that only intra-personal religiosity, which measures individual’s meta-physical belief is found as a significant predictor of ATBE.

Practical implications
Individuals with higher intrapersonal religiosity would exhibit superior ethical conduct. For a developing country like India, such conduct at both private and public organizations would lead to reduced scams or frauds, stimulating economic growth.

Originality/value
Religion plays a significant role in the life of Indian people but its meaning and understanding differ from person to person. Evidence supports that people with strong religious beliefs whether management students or working professionals, tend to have a strong ethical attitude towards different situations in decision-making.
Leave policies and social inequality in Brazil
Authors: Sorj Bila , Fraga Alexandre 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between leave policies and social inequalities. It seeks to analyze the historical course of maternity and paternity leave legislation in Brazil, and also provides quantitative evidence that access to leave is impacted by social stratification, revealing different inequalities.

Design/methodology/approach
To investigate access to leave policies, this study uses data from the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua Anual de 2017 (Annual National Continuous Household Sampling Survey of 2017), conducted by IBGE/Brazil.

Findings
The results point out the existence of inequalities in the conceptions of leave policies in Brazil, and lead to quantitative confirmation that access to leave is stratified and permeated by inequalities of gender, class, race and age.

Social implications
By pointing out the social inequalities resulting from the contributory scheme of maternity and paternity leave, the results of this paper may generate debate on the transformation of leave into a universal right of citizens and impact public policy agenda in the future.

Originality/value
This is the first Brazilian study to analyze the relationship between leave policy and social inequality through quantitative data, showing the existence of social stratification of gender, class, race and age concerning the employed population’s access to maternity and paternity leave.