bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethical dimensions of neglected tropical disease programming
Authors: Addiss David G , Kienast Yvonne , Lavery James V 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe global movement to control and eliminate neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is grounded in an ethic of social justice, solidarity and health equity. NTD programmes deliver significant health benefits in socially complex environments characterized by poverty and economic disparity. We used two ethics frameworks—principlism and Upshur's public health framework—to examine ethical challenges faced by NTD programmes. They include management of serious adverse reactions associated with preventive chemotherapy, centralization of decision-making, ‘opt-out’ policies for school-based deworming, incomplete evidence for ‘pro-poor’ impact and persistent inequities in global partnerships. NTD programmes must actively address ethical challenges while pursuing global health goals.
Two sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the Southern Ocean with evidence of a deep-sea, polar lineage of burrowing sea anemones
Authors: Gusmão Luciana C , Rodríguez Estefanía 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHexacorals are important components of macrobenthic communities in the Southern Ocean, dominating Antarctic continental shelves. Most of the 119 sea anemones recorded for the Southern Ocean are endemic (81% and 25% endemic species and genera, respectively, one endemic family) with only two species extending beyond the limits of the Southern Ocean. Over 70% of the 83 genera in the Southern Ocean are monotypic, including half of the generic diversity in superfamily Actinostoloidea, which suggests that Antarctica has been isolated long enough for the evolution of new genera but not for many families to evolve. Here, we describe Chitinactis marmara gen. & sp. nov., a new monotypic actinostoloidean genus from Antarctica diagnosed by its unique bi-layered cuticle on column, hexamerous symmetry, unequal development of younger mesenteries and mesogleal tentacle musculature. We also re-describe and extend the geographic distribution of Scytophorus striatus, another endemic Antarctic species. Based on morphological and molecular data, we establish the phylogenetic position of C. marmara and discuss the implications of the phylogenetic position of S. striatus for the resurrection and circumscription of the family Halcampoididae and the evolution of burrowing sea anemones. Finally, we discuss evidence for an actinostoloidean deep-sea, polar lineage of burrowing sea anemones.
Systemic inflammation as a risk factor for portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis: a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Nery Filipe , Carneiro Paula , Correia Sofia , Macedo Carlos , Gandara Judit , Lopes Vítor , Valadares Diana , Ferreira Sofia , Oliveira João , Teixeira Gomes Manuel , Miranda Helena Pessegueiro , Rautou Pierre-Emmanuel , Valla Dominique 
Published: November 2020

Background and Aims
Various risk factors for portal vein thrombosis (PVT) development in patients with cirrhosis have been identified, but the role of systemic inflammatory reaction is unknown. The study aims to assess the association between markers of systemic inflammation and PVT in cirrhosis.

Methods
Between January 2014 and October 2015, 107 outpatients with cirrhosis and no PVT were recruited, and followed till February 2017. White blood cell count, serum concentrations of high-sensitive C-reactive protein, ferritin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated at baseline and every 3 or 6 months till PVT diagnosis or end of follow-up.

Results
Median age, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and follow-up period of the studied population was 55 years (IQR 46–62 years), 9.6 points (IQR 7.5–12 points) and 19 months (12–24 months), respectively. PVT developed in 10.3% of the patients. Lymphocyte count below 1.2 ´ 109/L [hazard ratio, 6.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.29–28.2; P = 0.022], IL-6 above 5.5 pg/mL (hazard ratio, 5.64; 95% CI, 1.21–26.33; P  = 0.028) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (hazard ratio, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.04–2.04; P = 0.028) were associated with a higher risk of PVT development. IL-6 and lymphopenia remained associated with subsequent PVT development after adjustment for nonselective beta-blockers, spleen size, portosystemic collaterals, oesophageal varices (grade ≥2) and ascites, but also with alcohol as the cause for cirrhosis and MELD ≥13.

Conclusion
In patients with cirrhosis, markers of systemic inflammation IL-6 and lymphopenia are predictive of PVT independently of markers of portal hypertension. These results draw our attention on a factor so far overlooked in the pathogenesis of PVT.
Associations Between Disability and Breast or Cervical Cancers, Accounting for Screening Disparities
Authors: Iezzoni Lisa I. , Rao Sowmya R. , Agaronnik Nicole D. , El-Jawahri Areej 
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Studies suggest that women with disability experience disparities in routine, high-value screening services, including mammograms and Papanicolaou (Pap) tests. However, few studies have explored whether women with disability have higher risks than other women of developing breast or cervical cancers.

Methods:
The authors analyzed 2010, 2013, 2015, and 2018 National Health Interview Surveys, which involved civilian, noninstitutionalized US residents, and included supplemental surveys on cancer screening. The authors used self-reported functional status limitations to identify women without disability and women with movement difficulties (MDs) or complex activity limitations (CAL) predating breast or cervical cancer diagnoses. Multivariable models evaluated associations of disability status to cancer diagnosis, adjusting for other variables. Analyses used sampling weights, producing national estimates.

Results:
The sample included 66,641 women; 24.4% reported MD and 14.5% reported CAL. Compared with women without disability, women with pre-existing MD or CAL had significantly higher rates of breast cancer (2.2% vs. 3.5% and 3.6%, respectively) and cervical cancer (0.6% vs. 0.8% and 1.0%, respectively). Women with disability had significantly lower recent mammography and Pap test rates than women without disability. After adjusting for all covariates, the values for odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of pre-existing CAL for cancer diagnoses were 1.21 (1.01–1.46; P=0.04) for breast cancer and 1.43 (1.04–1.99; P=0.03) for cervical cancer.

Conclusions:
Pre-existing disability is associated with a higher likelihood of breast and cervical cancer diagnoses, raising the urgency of eliminating disability disparities in mammography and Pap testing. Further research will need to explore the causes of these higher cancer rates.
Unmet Needs Among Out of Care and Recently Diagnosed Women of Color With HIV: Opportunities for Focused Interventions
Authors: Rajabiun Serena , Childs Ellen , Fortu Karen , Spencer LaShonda Y. , Niles-Carnes Larisa V. , Wahome Rahab , Downes Alicia , Heath Corliss D. 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
Women of color (WoC) have lower retention in care and higher HIV/AIDS-related morbidity, compared with other populations. Barriers to care include lack of family support, inadequate HIV/AIDS services, and stigma, and women may face greater unmet needs for services including housing and employment. This descriptive study explores the unmet needs of WoC participating in the Health Resources and Services Administration's Special Projects of National Significance (SPNS) Program, Dissemination of Evidence Informed Interventions (HRSA/SPNS DEII) Initiative.

Setting:
Six urban health clinics across the United States.

Participants:
Eligible participants were cis- or transgender women who were newly diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in the past 12 months, out of care for at least 6 months, or not virally suppressed. Participants enrolled from November 2016 to November 2018.

Main Outcomes:
Our primary outcome of interest was unmet needs at enrollment for 6 core services: housing, transportation, benefits, mental health or substance use treatment, medication assistance, and medical care. We examined differences in unmet needs stratified by participant characteristics and used multivariate regression to identify the social and health risk factors associated with higher unmet needs.

Results:
Among the 529 WoC, the most frequently reported expressed needs were transportation (50.1%), housing (41.2%), benefits (28.2%), medication assistance (24.5%), and substance use or mental health treatment (24.3%). Participants with a significantly higher number of overall unmet needs included those who were older (40 years or older), were unstably housed, had a history of incarceration, identified as a transgender woman, were US born, had no caregiver responsibilities, and did not have a case manager at enrollment.

Conclusions:
Our findings indicate the importance of screening for and developing focused strategies to address the unmet needs for WoC if viral suppression is to be achieved.
Frequent Episodic Utilizers of Veterans Health Administration Homeless Programs Use: Background Characteristics and Health Services Use
Authors: Szymkowiak Dorota , Montgomery Ann Elizabeth , Tsai Jack , O'Toole Thomas P. 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
To assess sociodemographic, diagnostic, and services use factors associated with veterans' repeated, episodic use of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Homeless Programs.

Design:
This retrospective cohort study used stepwise multivariate logistic regression to assess the odds of veterans being frequent episodic utilizers of VHA Homeless Programs (ie, ≥4 services use episodes during the observation period).

Setting:
The study used administrative data from veterans who accessed VHA services across the United States.

Participants:
The sample comprised 31 098 veterans who completed a VHA Homeless Program intake assessment in 2013 and accessed VHA Homeless Programs during 2013-2016.

Main Outcome Measure:
Frequent episodic use of VHA Homeless Programs (ie, ≥4 services use episodes during the observation period).

Results:
Only 2.4% of the study sample had 4 or more episodes of VHA Homeless Program use during the observation period; risk factors included experience of military sexual trauma, history of incarceration, diagnosis of psychosis and substance use disorder, and use of acute care.

Conclusions:
Addressing veterans' needs related to poverty, income, and postincarceration reintegration may reduce the frequent episodic use of VHA Homeless Programs. Interventions embedded in emergency departments and inpatient units may also be considered.
Impact of Accreditation on Health Department Financial Resources
Authors: Heffernan Megan , Kennedy Mallory , Gonick Shannon A. , Siegfried Alexa L. 
Published: November 2020

Context:
There is limited data available on the financial benefits of public health accreditation.

Objective:
This study assessed the financial impacts reported by public health departments as a result of participating in the Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB) national accreditation program.

Design:
Data from an ongoing survey of outcomes among health departments accredited for 1 year were linked to PHAB administrative data on health department characteristics to examine self-reported financial impacts of accreditation as of June 2020.

Setting:
Accredited public health departments in the United States.

Participants:
Leadership from 214 unique state, local, Tribal, and Army installation health departments that had been accredited for 1 year by PHAB.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Improved utilization of resources, increased competitiveness for funding opportunities, and new funding resulting from accreditation.

Results:
One year following accreditation, 57% of all responding health departments reported improved utilization of resources whereas less than half reported improved competitiveness for funding (39%) and new funding (23%) as a result of accreditation. Health departments reporting new funding as a result of accreditation, compared with those that did not report new funding, were also more likely to report other outcomes from accreditation, including improved staff competencies, increased health department capacity to address health priorities and provide high-quality programs and services, increased use of evidence-based practices, new opportunities for external partnerships and collaboration, improved understanding of the health department's role among governing entities and policy makers, and improved credibility. Accredited local health departments (LHDs) with annual budgets less than $10 million reported new funding more often than LHDs with larger annual budgets.

Conclusions:
Accredited health departments that reported new funding were also more likely to report other outcomes of accreditation, including improved staff competencies, new partnerships, and improved credibility. More research is needed to further understand the relationship between accreditation and financial impacts.
Pulmonary Artery Sarcoma With Low 18F-FDG Uptake
Authors: Rosales Castillo Juan José , García Laura , Bastidas Juan Fernando , Bronte Ángela , García-Velloso María José 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A 75-year-old man presented with dyspnea for more than 2 months, with blood test showing low platelet count and cardiac ultrasound showing severe pulmonary hypertension (>54 mm Hg). A CT pulmonary angiogram showed a filling defect in the pulmonary trunk, right and left pulmonary arteries, raising the possibilities of pulmonary embolism or artery sarcoma. FDG PET/CT was performed for further evaluation and showed low uptake in the pulmonary wall, which supported the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Patient was treated with anticoagulants with no changes on repeated CT pulmonary angiogram. Patient underwent surgery, and histopatological examination revealed a pulmonary artery sarcoma.
Not All Heart Uptakes on 99mTc-DPD Scintigraphy Are Amyloidosis
Authors: Wakfie-Corieh Cristina Gamila , Ramos López Noemí , Saiz-Pardo Sanz Melchor , Pérez Castejón María Jesús , Vilacosta Isidre 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This was the case of a 61-year-old woman with a medical history significant for hypertension and rheumatoid arthritis treated with chloroquine for the last 10 years. She was admitted to our hospital for heart failure symptoms. Echocardiography revealed severe concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. Serum and urine immunofixation electrophoresis and serum light chain assay were negative. No late gadolinium enhancement was observed on cardiovascular magnetic resonance. 99mTc-99mTc-DPD (3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid) scintigraphy showed myocardial uptake (Perugini score 2/3). Genetic testing excluded hereditary transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. Endomyocardial biopsy analysis did not show findings suggestive of amyloidosis but consistent with chloroquine toxicity. Chloroquine-mediated cardiotoxicity is rare, and there are very few reports about bone scintigraphy imaging features.
Duodenal Adenocarcinoma Mimicking Metastasis of Prostate Cancer on 18F–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen–1007 PET/CT
Authors: Soeda Fumihiko , Watabe Tadashi , Kato Hiroki , Uemura Motohide , Nonomura Norio 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A 76-year-old man with dyspnea (initial prostate-specific antigen [PSA]: 216 ng/mL) underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT, with uptake in the prostate, lymph nodes, fifth thoracic vertebra (T5), and cricoid cartilage. A biopsy revealed prostate adenocarcinoma (Gleason score 4 + 5, cT4 N1 M1). On initiation of combined androgen blockade therapy, PSA value decreased. However, 4 years later, in a castration-resistant state (PSA 2.14 ng/mL), CT and bone scintigraphy revealed a duodenal tumor and T5 metastasis. 18F–prostate-specific membrane antigen–1007 PET/CT showed uptake in the already known T5 metastasis (SUVmax, 33.55) and even in the duodenal tumor (16.55). The latter was histologically diagnosed as duodenal adenocarcinoma.
Case Report of 18F-FDG PET/CT Features of Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Mammoplasty
Authors: Maw Aung Min , Sood Samriti , Schembri Geoffrey P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A 57-year-old woman with a history of previous bilateral breast polyacrylamide hydrogel injection presented for 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging to investigate recurrent retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Incidental symmetrical FDG-positive accumulation was noted in the bilateral axillae tracking between the interpectoral planes. The finding is consistent with a chronic inflammatory process secondary to the migration of the polyacrylamide hydrogel injections.
Laparoscopic Port-Site Metastasis From Prostate Cancer on 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT
Authors: Tran Gary , Parrinello Daniel , Dalal Ishani 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Laparoscopic port-site metastasis from prostate cancer is a rare complication after radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. We report a case of port-site metastasis from prostate cancer identified on 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT for a patient with evidence of biochemical recurrence. Final pathology after targeted ultrasound and biopsy of the mass in the right abdominal wall revealed prostatic adenocarcinoma.
Secondary Attack Rate (SAR) in household contacts of expired primary cases of COVID-19: A study from Western India
Authors: Shah Komal , Desai Nupur , Mavalankar Dileep 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSecondary attack rate (SAR) in household contacts of expired primary COVID-19 cases is not well studied yet. Based on our previous pilot study conducted in Gandhinagar district of Gujarat state, we developed a new research protocol to understand SAR statistics in household contacts of COVID-19 cases that died/expired. The details of expired COVID positive primary cases were obtained from Government records and the details of secondary cases were retrieved using telephonic interviews of the household members. Forty-nine expired cases were registered between March to August, 2020. Out of 49 deaths, 28 families could be reached on phone. Rest were not reachable or refused to give information. These were interviewed after taking verbal consent. The study reported 25% SAR in household contact of expired primary cases with 7.4% of mortality in secondary cases. Though this is representative data only from a single district, it was observed that 75% of the household contacts were still not infected in spite of repeated contact with the sever cases. More such studies in various regions are needed to understand disease transmission.
Rapid and lasting generation of B-cell memory to SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins in COVID-19 disease and convalescence
Authors: Hartley Gemma E. , Edwards Emily S.J. , Aui Pei M. , Varese Nirupama , Stojanovic Stephanie , McMahon James , Peleg Anton Y. , Boo Irene , Drummer Heidi E. , Hogarth P. Mark , O’Hehir Robyn E. , van Zelm Menno C. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundLasting immunity to SARS-CoV-2 following infection is questioned because serum antibodies decline in convalescence. However, functional immunity is mediated by long-lived memory T and B (Bmem) cells.ObjectiveTo determine the longevity and immunophenotype of SARS-CoV-2-specific Bmem cells in COVID-19 patients.MethodsRecombinant spike receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid protein (NCP) were produced for ELISA-based serology, and biotinylated for fluorescent tetramer generation to identify SARS-CoV-2-specific Bmem cells by flow cytometry with a panel of 13 mAbs. 36 blood samples were obtained from 25 COVID-19 patients (11 paired) between 4-242 days post-symptom onset for detection of neutralizing antibodies, IgG serology and flow cytometry.ResultsThe recombinant RBD and NCP were specifically recognized by serum IgG in all patients and reactivity declined >20 days post-symptom onset. All patients had detectable RBD- and NCP-specific Bmem cells at 8.23-267.6 cells/ml of blood (0.004-0.13% of B cells) regardless of sampling time. RBD- and NCP-specific Bmem cells predominantly expressed IgM or IgG1, with the latter formed slightly later than the former. RBD-specific IgG+Bmem were predominantly CD27+, and numbers significantly correlated with circulating follicular helper T cell numbers.ConclusionRBD- and NCP-specific Bmem cells persisted for 8 months, indicating that the decline in serum antibodies after 1 month does not indicate waning of immunity but a contraction of the immune response. Flowcytometric detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific Bmem cells enables detection of long-term functional immunity following infection or vaccination for COVID-19.
Targeted memory reactivation of a serial reaction time task in SWS, but not REM, preferentially benefits the non-dominant hand
Authors: Koopman Anne C. M. , Abdellahi Mahmoud E. A. , Belal Suliman , Rakowska Martyna , Metcalf Alun , Śledziowska Monika , Hunter Thomas , Lewis Penny 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTargeted memory reactivation (TMR) is a technique by which sounds paired with learned information can be used to cue neural reactivation of that information during sleep. While TMR in slow-wave sleep (SWS) has been shown to strengthen procedural memories, it is unclear whether TMR in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, a state strongly associated with motor consolidation, provides equivalent benefit. Furthermore, it is unclear whether this technique influences dominant and non-dominant hands equally. We applied TMR of a two-handed serial reaction time task (SRTT) during either SWS or REM in thirty-two human right handed adults (sixteen female) to examine the impact of stimulation in each sleep stage on right (dominant) and left hands. While TMR in SWS led to strong benefits in reaction times and sequence-specific skill, equivalent cueing in REM led to no benefit at all, suggesting that reactivation in this sleep stage is not important for the SRTT. Event-related potentials elicited by TMR cues for left and right hand movements differed significantly in REM, but not SWS, showing that these cues are at least processed in REM. Interestingly, TMR benefits were apparent only in the non-dominant hand, potentially due to the weaker performance measured in this hand at the outset. Overall, these findings suggest that memory replay in SWS, but not REM, is important for consolidation of the SRTT, and TMR-cued consolidation is stronger in the non-dominant hand.Significance statementTargeted memory reactivation (TMR) in sleep leads to memory consolidation, but many aspects of this process remain to be understood. We used TMR of a bimanual serial reaction time task to show that behavioural benefit is only observed after stimulation in SWS, even though electrophysiology shows that the TMR cues are processed in REM. Importantly, TMR selectively benefitted the non-dominant hand. These findings suggest that TMR in REM does not benefit this serial reaction time task, and that TMR in SWS preferentially consolidates weaker memory traces relating to the non-dominant hand.
Potassium Carbonate (K2CO3) – A cheap, non-toxic and high-density floating solution for microplastic isolation from beach sediments
Authors: Gohla Jan , Bračun Sandra , Gretschel Gerwin , Koblmüller Stephan , Maximilian Wagner , Pacher Christian 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBeaches are good indicators for microplastic distribution and local microplastic pollution. Multiple methods have been developed for extracting microplastics from sediment, mainly through density separation. However, the chemicals applied are often expensive and harmful for the user or to the environment. We briefly review the problems associated with the use of these chemicals and present a new floatation solution, potassium carbonate (K2CO3) that has many advantages over available media. It is non-toxic and cheap, and with a density of 1.54 g/cm3the K2CO3solution yielded a mean recovery rate of around 92% for PVC, one of the densest polymers, that cannot be easily extracted with alternative floatation agents. We propose that the use of K2CO3is particularly promising for long term and large-scale monitoring studies, not least because it allows an increasing involvement of citizen scientists, hopefully leading to an increased public awareness of the plastic problem in the seas.