bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voice of God, Sound of Self
Authors: McCauley Robert N. , Graham George 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Humans are biologically evolved to identify sources of their own conscious experience and to distinguish between private inner speech and speech acts of external agents. So how are we to explain exceptions to our success in this capacity? How, in particular, can we account for hallucination of the voice of God? The chapter explores the question in detail. It distinguishes between hallucinations that result from religiously undomesticated breakdowns of source monitoring, in, say, schizophrenia, and those that are parts of culturally standard religious rituals and practices. The chapter identifies a range of cognitive systems that are connected with source monitoring and active in hallucination. These include, among others, theory of mind and linguistic processing systems. The chapter compares and contrasts hallucination of God’s voice with self-attribution of God’s thought in a delusion of thought insertion.
Praying in the Dark
Authors: McCauley Robert N. , Graham George 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Prayer as a purported form of communication with God has long been of interest to religious persons and in studies of religious behavior. Careful examination of prayer’s peculiar challenges and impediments reveals features that are critical to the benefits of prayer and of prayers of petition in particular. Frustration in prayer behavior plays a causal explanatory role in a type of depression that the authors call a “dark night.” Dark night depression persisted in the life of Mother Theresa of Calcutta. Focus on Teresa’s spiritual difficulties offers a comprehensive model of a dark night, encompassing her anxious and pessimistic efforts at linguistic communication with an invisible agent and operation of theory of mind and narrativity cognitive systems. Religious forms of mental illness such as a dark night are neglected in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Mainstream psychiatric taxonomy needs to acknowledge and accommodate them.
And God Knows the Martyrs
Authors: French Nathan S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Jihadi-Salafi narratives of martyrdom-seeking operations are filled with praise for what they label the exemplary self-renunciative acts of their martyrs performed as a model of the earliest traditions of Islam. While many studies evaluate the biographies of these would-be martyrs for evidence of social, psychological, political, or economic strain in an effort to rationalize what are often labeled “suicide bombings,” this book argues that through their legal arguments debating martyrdom-seeking operations, Jihadi-Salafis, including those fighting for al-Qaʿida, ISIS, and their affiliates, craft a theodicy meant to address the suffering and oppression faced by the global Muslim community. Taking as its source material legal arguments (fatwas), texts, pamphlets, magazines, forum posts, videos, and audio files from authors sympathetic to both al-Qaʿida and ISIS on the subjects of martyrdom operations, jurisprudence, and political philosophies, this book reveals that the Jihadi-Salafi legal debates on martyrdom-seeking rearrange the basic objectives (maqāṣid) of the Shariʿa around the principles of maximizing the general welfare (maṣlaḥa) and promoting religion (dīn) above all other concerns—including the preservation of life. This utilitarian turn opens the possibility for formulating a meaningful engagement and critique of Jihadi-Salafi legal interpretation and theories of warfare within a broader, just-war framework. However, as the jurists and propagandists of ISIS demonstrate, this turn also opens the possibility for the utilization of self-renunciative violence as engendering modes of state formation.
Introduction
Authors: French Nathan S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Among the challenges facing any researcher of contemporary Jihadi-Salafism is navigating the various theoretical and methodological approaches available for its study. This introduction traces a historical genealogy of the development of Jihadi-Salafism alongside the various approaches used to study it—including the use of social movement theory (SMT). It notes that the cultural products of Jihadi-Salafi movements are an essential part of Jihadi-Salafi legal and theological debates and reveal a common theodicy and call to self-renunciation for the faith.
A Jihadi-Salafi Legal Tradition? Debating Authority and Martyrdom
Authors: French Nathan S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Jihadi-Salafi movements are responsible for infamous and sensational acts of violence. Often this leaves their legal discussions overlooked. This chapter argues that by focusing on the legal and theological texts produced by those whom Jihadi-Salafis identify as legal authorities—particularly the nonbinding genre of Islamic legal literature known as the fatwa—it is possible to identify the formation of a Jihadi-Salafi legal tradition possessing digital institutions and legal authorities to whom faithful adherents can turn for guidance. Using the recruitment and attempted attack of Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, the legal writings of Anwar al-ʿAwlaki, and the Minbar al-Tawhid wa-l-Jihad of Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi, the chapter explores the contemporary crisis of legal authority facing contemporary Muslim communities, generally, and how Jihadi-Salafis are attempting to answer that crisis through their agreements and disagreements on the interpretation and application of the law.
Self-Renunciation and State Formation
Authors: French Nathan S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
While the legal defenses of martyrdom-seeking operations of al-Qaʿida jurists and their sympathizers emphasize individual acts of self-renunciation, the state-building project of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi’s self-declared caliphate of the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS) instrumentalized martyrdom-seeking operations as fundamental to its political objectives. Alongside the arguments of Abu Bakr al-Naji and Abu ʿAbdullah al-Muhajir, the authors and jurists of ISIS—foremost among them Turki al-Binʿali, a former student of Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi and grand mufti of ISIS—maintained Jihadi-Salafi narratives of theodicy and self-renunciation but identified specific gender roles for men and women in the state-building project. Women were to practice self-renunciation away from the battlefield and within the household, where they were to prepare the next generation of fighters. Men, on the other hand, were expected to go forth and fight in God’s cause, seeking martyrdom if necessary.
Origin Stories
Authors: Flesher Fominaya Cristina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Part II traces 15-M from its origins to the end of the occupation of Madrid’s central plaza, the Puerta del Sol. The Introduction to Part II argues for the need to distinguish analytically between the original 15-M protest, the 15-M occupation camps of the squares (or acamapadas), and the 15-M movement that adopted this label following the original protests and occupations. Although the three are closely connected, each have distinct features that shape their emergence and evolution. Distinguishing between them allows us to evaluate claims about spontaneity, newness, and the role of digital media and tools in creating new organizing logics of collective action. It also introduces key aspects of the Spanish asambleario autonomous movement culture that deeply influenced the organizational forms and orientations of the 15-M movement.
May 15, 2011
Authors: Flesher Fominaya Cristina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 3, “May 15, 2011: An Unexpected Detonator,” explores the central demands and evolution of the Madrid protest, showing how it established key frames that would later define the movement. These key frames brought together anti-austerity and pro-democracy demands that primarily targeted national political and economic elites. Activists worked hard behind the scenes to generate commitment to the protest across different movement families and sectors, and to draw newcomers in. The organizers were surprised by the strength of support, and by the end of the day some felt that that energy needed to be carried over into a more long-term mobilization. The analysis shows that although the protest itself was carefully planned and not spontaneous, its aftermath led to the spontaneous decision to remain in the Puerta del Sol. This act of civil disobedience and the repression it triggered produced the Acampada Sol “event” that would truly give birth to the 15-M movement.
Acampada Sol
Authors: Flesher Fominaya Cristina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 4, “Acampada Sol: the Chrysalis and the Crucible,” shows how the camp was a distinct “event” with a specific internal logic, and draws on participant testimonies to transmit the emotional experience of what was a life-changing event for participants. It argues that the camp was a chrysalis, a protected stage of development within which the 15-M movement was born, and a crucible, in that it served as a container into which old and new elements fused together under an exceptional situation of emotional intensity to create something new: a more consolidated ethos and political culture, as well as new sets of social relations that would go on to generate a broad network of interrelated assemblies, collectives, events, and political projects, all organized around a collective identity and a political culture referred to in Spain simply as “15-M.” Due to sustained and intense interaction in space and time, movement camps provide a unique opportunity for building the social capital that can develop from mobilization and sustain movements over time. In its deliberative and experiential experimentation with democracy, the camp engendered an emerging imaginary that coupled reform of democratic forms (in social, economic, and political institutions) with substantive content that drew on the key ideational frameworks of the movement traditions present in the square.
Assessing the Significance of Acampada Sol
Authors: Flesher Fominaya Cristina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 5 analyzes the impact and significance of Acampada Sol for the development of the 15-M movement. Acampada Sol was one of many “occupation” camps that combined a pro-democracy and anti-austerity orientation. Demands for greater democracy form a central shared theme across a wide range of protest sites and forms of protest within and beyond Europe. But not all of these resulted in strong and sustained movements afterward, and not all mass mobilizations in times of crisis result in the emergence of social movements. This chapter argues that the experience of Acampada Sol had two crucial impacts that served to fuel and sustain the 15-M movement. The first was to establish democracy as the central problematic around which the movement cohered. The second was to consolidate a political culture and a collective identity that would sustain the movement, enabling it to expand and evolve. Autonomous, feminist, and hacker ethics forged a political culture that would strengthen the movement’s political identity and efficacy.
“It’s Not a Crisis, It’s a Swindle”
Authors: Flesher Fominaya Cristina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Part III, analyzes the 15-M network after occupation camps ended. The Introduction to Part III, provides an overview of the two main coordinating bodies that sought to give continuity to the Acampada Sol’s general assembly as a decision-making organ, and to structure to the post-occupation movement network in Madrid, showing that neither of them were capable of doing so. Instead of looking for a coordinating organization to find the parameters of the movement network, it argues that one can “find” the movement by delving into different 15-M initiatives and showing how their shared political culture and collective identity provide the glue that holds them together.
Podemos
Authors: Flesher Fominaya Cristina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 11, “Podemos: A Hybrid Party?” traces the evolution of Podemos from its inception through its two constituent assemblies to address the question of whether movement and party logics can ever be reconciled. This chapter provides an analysis of the tensions and contradictions of hybrid parties. Hybrid or movement parties—initially at least—need to satisfy and maintain legitimacy with their movement base, which in the case of Podemos is 15-M. Since its inception, Podemos has struggled to satisfy the expectations of its activist base and to strike a balance between (horizontal) movement and (vertical) party, a challenge all the more difficult given the 15-M movement’s commitment to participatory democracy. The chapter explores the central tension between movement and party by analyzing internal and 15-M movement critiques of the party and the challenges it faces in trying to maintain the support of its activist grassroots base.
15-M Political Culture, Collective Identity, and the Logic of Autonomous Networks in the Digital Age
Authors: Flesher Fominaya Cristina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 12, “15-M Political Culture, Collective Identity, and the Logic of Autonomous Networks in the Digital Age,” argues that, against all odds, autonomous networking logics can build and sustain strong movements in the absence of formal professionalized organizational structures and strong leadership, and across heterogeneous issues and identities. It explores the synergies and tensions within 15-M political culture, and shows how they act as a corrective to some of the key challenges faced by autonomous movements. Contra “connective action” theses, the chapter shows how collective action logics continue to fuel autonomous networks in the digital age.
Seoul 1952
Authors: Swartz David R. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Evangelical activism took international shape at the height of the Cold War. Bob Pierce, the founder of World Vision, arrived in Seoul to save Korean souls from hell and the world from communism. World Vision coupled evangelistic efforts with substantial relief efforts on behalf of orphans. Based on interviews conducted in Seoul, this chapter describes American evangelical Cold War activism in third-world sites contested by capitalistic Western and Marxist spheres. Most significantly, it argues that Pierce and World Vision borrowed heavily from Korean pastor Kyung-Chik Han. Nearly absent from American evangelical memory, Han should be considered the cofounder of World Vision.
Sat Tal 1958
Authors: Swartz David R. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the 1950s and 1960s, significant numbers of missionaries and converts began to object to evangelical Cold War triumphalism. Describing racial segregation in the American South, they pointed out the limits of American democracy. One of these critics, E. Stanley Jones, was a long-time missionary to India, member of the evangelical wing of the Methodist Church, and trustee of Asbury College in Kentucky. During revival meetings at his alma mater—and in speeches around the world—he preached against segregation. With critiques birthed from his involvement in the Sat Tal Ashram in the foothills of the Himalayas, his interactions with the Indian caste system, and his friendship with Mahatma Gandhi, he pointed out how racism sabotaged Christian missions and the reputation of American democracy abroad.
Almolonga 1999
Authors: Swartz David R. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Evangelicals from abroad, even as they pushed for rationalized development, urged American evangelicals to recover supernatural aspects of the Christian faith. During the 1980s and 1990s, Almolonga, Guatemala, was transformed into a predominantly Pentecostal—and a very prosperous—mountain town. Town boosters and missionaries declared that spiritual renewal was key to the social transformation. In 1999, the video documentary Transformations described the “Almolonga miracle” as the result of prayer, miracles, and spiritual warfare. Supernatural stories from Latin America, Africa, and Asia led not only to the rise of a substantial neo-Pentecostal movement in the United States, but also to a broader sensitivity among evangelicals to the miraculous in a reenchanted West.
Mbarara 2007
Authors: Swartz David R. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The typical narrative of American evangelical influence on sexuality laws in Uganda does not tell the whole story. In the first decades of the twenty-first century, some global evangelicals leveled a vigorous critique of sexual libertinism in America, specifically on abortion, contraception, homosexuality, and divorce. Many, in fact, accused the West of exporting these practices to Africa. Coordinating a reverse mission, a formidable Anglican transnational network radiated out from Uganda and beyond, abetting the American traditionalist stand on sexuality. These critiques, which also appeared in conservative sectors of other denominations, demonstrate that the global reflex has not always traveled in a progressive direction.
Chiang Mai 2017
Authors: Swartz David R. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The antitrafficking movement in Thailand suggests shifting approaches to social justice. Initially seeking to end trafficking through traditional missionary work and by rescuing victims from brothels, evangelical antitraffickers in Thailand began halting journeys away from a methodology of “rescue.” Many have moved toward prevention, protection, policy, partnership, and indigeneity in their methods. This trajectory, however, is resisted by many American evangelical populists at home. Antitraffickers, who must participate in the humanitarian marketplace, are thus compelled to narrate rescue, even though it contradicts the message they want to communicate about their work. Neocolonial sensibilities still persist as donor maintenance prevents humanitarians from fully describing on-the-ground realities. Nevertheless, the campaign for human rights in Southeast Asia reflects the ways in which the social justice work of American evangelicals continues to be challenged by international contexts.
Conclusion
Authors: Swartz David R. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This conclusion evaluates the prospects of the global reflex going forward. On one hand, some global voices have bolstered Christian Americanism. Westerners have used Christians from the Global South to maintain established views and practices, and populists have resisted cosmopolitan trends. On the other hand, declining Western church attendance, rapid growth in the Majority World, immigration patterns, and flourishing theological work from the East and South suggest persistent influence on a range of issues such as race, missiology, social justice, sexuality, and spirituality. If moderate wings—such as Christians of color, Majority World immigrants, and younger churchgoers—choose to identify as evangelical, they represent the future more than practitioners of Christian Americanism who wax nostalgic for the past. Whatever the case, this book calls for global narrations of evangelicalism that include nonwhite voices engaged in both mutuality and resistance.
Georges Auric
Authors: Roust Colin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Although Georges Auric (1899–1983) is best remembered today for his affiliation with the Groupe des Six, his musical career was long, productive, complex, and intimately attuned to the realities of modern life. His polyvalent career—as a composer of concert, theatrical, ballet, popular, film, and television music; music critic; opera director; and arts administrator—reveals a diversity of engagements that speak to a reconfiguration of the role of the composer in the modern world. Auric was a product of his time, with deep connections to France’s artistic, social, and political elites. At the same time, he drew on his prestige and privilege to improve the country’s musical life in tangible ways, whether with regard to musical education and accessibility or to the establishment of fair copyright laws. He took artistic collaboration, already a hallmark of the short-lived Groupe des Six, to a level that surpassed any of the other members of that group. Diverging from the romantic trope of individual creation, Auric’s legacy troubles conventional ideas of what it means to be a composer.
The Drone Age
Authors: Boyle Michael J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 1 provides an overview of the growth of drone technology around the world and introduces the main themes of the book. It distinguishes drones from similar forms of technology and discusses their unique features. It describes how drones have now come into the hands of new actors, such as governments, terrorist organizations, law enforcement, and others. It argues that the possession of drones is altering the strategic choices of all of these actors by changing their calculation of risks and by leading them to expand their goals, sometimes in unsustainable ways. It identifies the six consequences of these alterations for war and peace, each of which will be explained in detail in the book.
Automated Warfare
Authors: Boyle Michael J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 2 provides an overview of the history of the development of drones. It shows that drone prototypes were in existence at the turn of the twentieth century and that their gradual development and use—either as missiles, target practice, or later, modern surveillance drones—proceeded in fits and starts. In the United States, this creation of drones was possible due to sustained investment by military and intelligence agencies, who took a risk on supporting unmanned platforms when the funds could have been devoted to manned aircraft or satellites. It reviews the history of the use of drones in World War II, the Cold War, and Vietnam, and shows how drones became used in combat in the Persian Gulf War and the Balkans. Finally, it discusses the birth of the armed Predator drone, which could play a central role in the counterterrorism campaigns of the post 9/11 era.
Death from Above
Authors: Boyle Michael J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 3 argues that drones undermine the legal and ethical prohibitions on assassination and extrajudicial violence outside of wartime. It traces the emergence of the practice of targeted killing from its origin to its embrace by the United States after the September 11 attacks. It shows how the United States adopted the use of drones alongside the practice of targeted killing to control risks as it fought a new war against al Qaeda, but found itself gradually drifting into more conflict zones and fighting new enemies. While the United States used drones to protect its pilots from physical risk, it altered the nature of the risks they faced and created new ones for the population who live under the drones. Drones also subtly changed how the United States wages its wars, making it more willing to countenance killing people outside of active battlefields. It concludes by discussing how more countries are now experimenting with targeting killings.
The All-Seeing Drone
Authors: Boyle Michael J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In chapter 6, drones are described as transforming the dynamics of protest and surveillance in democratic and non-democratic states. The use of drones by law enforcement and private companies poses a serious challenge to the protection of privacy and could contribute to a creeping surveillance state. But drones will also empower other groups—civil liberties groups and activists—to identify and publicize human rights abuses and press democratic governments to act. In authoritarian states, the embrace of drone technology also raises the possibility that anonymous dissent may eventually become difficult, if not impossible. Drones may also provide another tool for governments to engage in surveillance and repression of their secessionist regions.