bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in blood microbiota after colonic cancer surgery
Authors: Søby J H , Watt S K , Vogelsang R P , Servant F , Lelouvier B , Raskov H , Knop F K , Gögenur I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Mechanisms contributing to the perioperative stress response remain poorly understood. This study investigated changes in the amount of bacterial DNA in blood and the diversity of blood microbiota in the perioperative period in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery for colonic cancer in an enhanced recovery after surgery setting.

Methods
DNA encoding the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S rDNA) in whole blood obtained the day before surgery, and on postoperative day (POD) 1 and POD 10–14 was amplified and quantified by PCR before sequencing for taxonomic assignment. Richness, evenness and similarity measures were calculated to compare microbiota between days. Differences in relative abundance were analysed using the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) algorithm.

Results
Thirty patients were included between January and July 2016. The concentration of bacterial 16S rDNA in blood increased between the day before surgery and POD 1 (P = 0.025). Bacterial richness was lower on POD 10–14 than on the day before surgery and POD 1 (both P &lt; 0·001). LEfSe analysis comparing the day before surgery and POD 10–14 identified changes in the abundance of several bacteria, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, which was relatively enriched on POD 10–14.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that the blood of patients with colonic cancer harbours bacterial 16S rDNA, which increases in concentration after surgery.
Hemithyroidectomyversustotal thyroidectomy for well differentiated T1–2 N0 thyroid cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rodriguez Schaap P M , Botti M , Otten R H J , Dreijerink K M A , Nieveen van Dijkum E J M , Bonjer H J , Engelsman A F , Dickhoff C 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundEvidence for limiting the extent of surgery in patients with low-risk thyroid cancer is lacking.MethodsA systematic search was performed according to the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines to assess the effect of total thyroidectomy (TT) with or without radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment versus hemithyroidectomy (HT) on recurrence and overall mortality in patients with differentiated (papillary or follicular) T1–2 N0 thyroid cancer. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched, and two authors independently assessed the articles.ResultsA total of ten eligible articles were identified. All were observational cohort series, representing a total of 23 134 patients, of which 17 699 were available for meta-analysis. Six studies included patients who had TT followed by RAI treatment. The pooled recurrence rate after TT ± RAI and HT was 2·3 and 2·8 per cent respectively (odds ratio (OR) 1·12, 95 per cent c.i. 0·82 to 1·53; P = 0·48). The pooled 20-year overall survival rate after TT ± RAI was 96·8 per cent, compared with 97·4 per cent for HT (OR 1·30, 0·71 to 2·37; P = 0·40). Overall, higher complication rates were found in the TT ± RAI group.ConclusionRecurrence rates after HT for treatment of well differentiated T1–2 N0 thyroid cancer were similar to those after TT ± RAI, with a lower incidence of treatment-related complications.
Insights on entrepreneurial bricolage and frugal innovation for sustainable performance
Authors: Iqbal Qaisar , Ahmad Noor Hazlina , Halim Hasliza Abdul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSustainable leadership plays a vital role in the integration of sustainable development. Sustainable development, in this context, is related to rapid economic development, poverty alleviation, environmental protection, and increase in social trust. Previous studies emphasized the significance of research in a sustainable mechanism, and its limitations in sustainable leadership and sustainable performance. This study aimed to enlighten managers and policymakers on a range of available opportunities such as poverty alleviation, sustainable education, and community development. Based on an integrated literature review on sustainability in the context of innovation and underlying theories, a conceptual framework on the exploration of sustainable leadership contribution to sustainable performance in the emerging market was outlined. Regarding upper‐echelon theory, it was claimed that sustainable leadership affected sustainable performance through frugal innovation. In addition to the effectuation theory, this study claimed a stronger influence of sustainable leadership on frugal innovation, with high entrepreneurial bricolage. As such, the present research has provided four propositions pending further validation. The propositions have also called for validation for future studies through empirical evidence, specifically in the emerging market. In summary, the theoretical and practical contributions to the impact of sustainable leadership on sustainable performance through frugal innovation have been duly elaborated.
Evaluation of medical practices in oncology in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic in France: Physicians’ point of view: the PRATICOVID study
Authors: Helissey Carole , Cessot Anatole , Boudin Laurys , Romeo Emile , Prieux Caroline , Ghebriou Djamel , Schernberg Antoine , Grellier Noemie , Joly Charlotte , Bauduceau Olivier , Thibault Constance , Mamou Elodie , Raynal Gauthier , Serey eiffel Sophie , Le Floch Hervé , Ricard Damien , Brureau Laurent 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe cancer population seems to be more susceptible to COVID‐19 infection and have worse outcomes. We had to adapt our medical practice to protect our patients without compromising their cancer prognosis. The national PRATICOVID study aims to describe the adaptation of cancer patient care for this population. We analyzed data from nine different institutions. The primary endpoint was to assess the prevalence of adapted patient care during the pandemic. The secondary endpoints were to describe the point of view of clinicians and patients during and after the pandemic. We analyzed 435 medical procedures between 9th of March and 30th of April. Because of the COVID‐19 pandemic, 47.6% of the outpatients received modified patient care. Twenty‐four percent of scheduled surgeries were postponed, or were performed without perioperative chemotherapy, 18.4% followed a hypofractioned schedule, and 57% had an adaptive systemic protocol (stopped, oral protocol, and spacing between treatments). Seventy percent of physicians used telemedicine. During this period, 67% of the physicians did not feel distressed taking care of their patients. However, 70% of physicians are worried about the aftermath of the lockdown, as regards future patient care. The PRATICOVID study is the first to assess modification of patient care in cancer outpatients during an epidemic. With this unprecedented crisis, physicians were able to adapt their practice in order to protect their patients against the virus while ensuring continuity of patient care. But physicians are worried about the aftereffects of the lockdown specifically in regard to care pathway issues.
Diagnostic significance of adenosine deaminase in pleural effusate for primary effusion lymphoma–like lymphoma
Authors: Nakako Soichiro , Nishimura Mitsushige , Murakami Yoshiro , Mugitani Atsuko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOur case and review of the literature suggests the possibility that pleural effusate adenosine deaminase levels in patients with primary effusion lymphoma–like lymphoma (PEL‐LL) might be much higher than those in patients with other types of lymphomas and those with tuberculous pleural effusion.
Divergent Solid‐Phase Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Yaku'amide B and Its Seven E/Z Isomers
Authors: Kamiya Koichi , Miura Kensuke , Itoh Hiroaki , Inoue Masayuki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractYaku′amide B (1) inhibits cancer cell growth through a unique mechanism of action. Compound 1 binds to mitochondrial FoF1‐ATP synthase, inhibits ATP production, and enhances ATP hydrolysis. The presence of one (E)‐ and two (Z)‐α,β‐dehydroisoleucines (ΔIle) in the linear 13‐mer sequence is the most unusual structural feature of 1. To uncover the biological importance of these residues, we synthesized 1 and its seven E/Z isomers 2–8 by devising a new divergent solid‐phase strategy. Both the (E)‐ and (Z)‐ΔIle residues were stereoselectively constructed by traceless Staudinger ligation on resin to ultimately deliver 1–8. All isomers 2–8 displayed effects on the inhibition of cell growth and ATP production, and enhanced ATP hydrolysis, thus indicating that 2–8 share the same mode of action as 1. The least potent isomer, 8, was isomeric at three ΔIle residues of the most potent 1. These findings together indicate that the E/Z stereochemistry of the three ΔIle residues controls the magnitude of the biological functions of 1.
Und der Haifisch, der hat Zähne …[1]
Authors: Hetjens Bernd , Platte Frank , Scholz Peter 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungPhysikalisch‐chemische Analysetechniken, insbesondere die Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse (RFA) sowie numerische Simulationen können herangezogen werden, um die Fossilierung von Haizähnen zu beschreiben. Ein Modell für die zeitliche Entwicklung der dabei vermuteten Diffusions‐ und Umkristallisationsvorgänge wird formuliert und könnte vice versa, gegebenenfalls kombiniert mit Elementsignaturen (fingerprints), Grundlage sein, um Datierungen von Funden vorzunehmen und/oder Objekte einer Fundstätte zuzuordnen.
Heteroatom‐Doped Black Phosphorus and Its Application: A Review
Authors: He Lu‐dong , Lian Pei‐chao , Zhu Yuan‐zhi , Zhao Jun‐ping , Mei Yi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFew‐layer black phosphorus (BP) is a promising semiconductor with excellent optoelectronic properties. However, the poor stabilization and strong asymmetry between electron and hole transports hinder the application of BP. Doping of heteroatoms is an effective strategy to regulate the electronic structure and stability of BP without sacrificing its unique 2D structure, which is a promising way to tune the physicochemical properties of BP for various applications. In this review, the recent advances in doping engineering of BP are summarized, involving the theoretical prediction of new characteristic for doped BP and the corresponding experimental synthesis methods. The effects of dopant atoms on the structure and performance of BP and its related applications, such as the field‐effect transistors, optoelectronic devices, inverter devices, and catalysis, are also summarized.
On the Relationship Between the Thin Film Equation and Tanner's Law
Authors: Delgadino M. G. , Mellet A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the asymptotic analysis of a thin film equation that describes the evolution of a thin liquid droplet on a solid support driven by capillary forces. We propose an analytic framework to rigorously investigate the connection between this model and Tanner's law, which claims: the edge velocity of a spreading thin film on a prewetted solid is approximately proportional to the cube of the slope at the inflection. More precisely, we investigate the asymptotic limit of the thin film equation when the slippage coefficient is small and at an appropriate time scale. We show that the evolution of the droplet can be approximated by a moving free boundary model (the so‐called quasi‐static approximation), and we present some results pointing to the validity of Tanner's law in that regime. Several papers have investigated a similar connection between the thin film equation and Tanner's law. Our main contribution is finding the effective self‐contained equation for the evolution of the apparent support of the droplet in the limit when the slip coefficient vanishes. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Bending Sensors Based on Thin Films of Semitransparent Bithiophene‐Fulleropyrrolidine Bisadducts
Authors: Chiappara Clara , Campisciano Vincenzo , Arrabito Giuseppe , Errico Vito , Saggio Giovanni , Buscarino Gianpiero , Scopelliti Michelangelo , Gruttadauria Michelangelo , Giacalone Francesco , Pignataro Bruno 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA novel bithiophene‐fulleropyrrolidine bisadducts system (bis‐Th2PC60) was synthesized and electropolymerized by chronoamperometry onto flexible ITO/PET substrates. The resulting semitransparent thin film was characterized by XPS, FT‐IR, cyclic voltammetry and optical techniques, confirming the good outcome of the electropolymerization process. AFM investigations permitted to highlight an inherent disordered granular morphology, in which the grain‐to‐grain separation depends upon the application of bending. The electrical resistance of the thin film was characterized as a function of bending (in the range 0°–90°), showing promising responsivity to low bending angles (10°–30°). The ΔR/R0 variations turn out to be 8 %,16 % and 20 % for bending angles equal to 10°, 20° and 30°, respectively. This study represents a first step towards the understanding of piezoresistive properties in electropolymerized fullerenes‐based thin films, opening up applications as bending sensor.
Fluorescent Chromophores Containing the Nitro Group: Relatively Unexplored Emissive Properties
Authors: Chen Meng‐Chi , Chen Deng‐Gao , Chou Pi‐Tai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractApart from numerous applications, for example in azo dye precursors, explosives, and industrial processes, the nitro group (−NO2) appears on countless molecules in photochemical research owing to its unique characteristics such as a strong electron‐withdrawing ability and facile conversion to the reduced substituent. Although it is well known as a fluorescence quencher, fluorescent chromophores that contain the nitro group have also emerged, with 3‐nitrophenothiazine being recently reported to have 100 % emission quantum yield in nonpolar solvents. The diverse characters of nitro‐containing chromophores motivated us to systematically review those chromophores with nitro substituents, their associated photophysical properties, and applications. In this Review, we succinctly elaborate the advance of the fluorescent nitro chromophores in fields of intramolecular charge transfer, fluorescent probes and nonlinear properties. Special attention is paid to the rationalization of the associated emission spectroscopy, so that the readers can gain insights into the structure‐photophysics relationship and hence gain insights for the strategic design of nitro chromophores.
Transdermal Testosterone Attenuates Drug‐Induced Lengthening of Both Early and Late Ventricular Repolarization in Older Men
Authors: Tomaselli Muensterman Elena , Jaynes Heather A. , Sowinski Kevin M. , Overholser Brian R. , Shen Changyu , Kovacs Richard J. , Tisdale James E. 
Published: October 2020

We have previously reported that transdermal testosterone attenuates drug‐induced QT interval lengthening in older men. However, it is unknown whether this is due to modulation of early ventricular repolarization, late repolarization, or both. In a secondary analysis of a prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled three‐way crossover study, we determined if transdermal testosterone and oral progesterone attenuate drug‐induced lengthening of early and late ventricular repolarization, represented by the electrocardiographic measurements J‐Tpeakc and Tpeak‐Tend, respectively, as well as Tpeak‐Tend/QT, a measure of transmural dispersion of repolarization. Male volunteers ≥ 65 years of age (n = 14) were randomized to receive transdermal testosterone 100 mg, oral progesterone 400 mg, or matching transdermal/oral placebo daily for 7 days. On the morning following the seventh day, subjects received intravenous ibutilide 0.003 mg/kg, after which electrocardiograms were performed serially. One subject was excluded due to difficulty in T‐wave interpretation. Pre‐ibutilide J‐Tpeakc was lower during the testosterone phase than during progesterone and placebo (216 ± 23 vs. 227 ± 28 vs. 227 ± 21 ms, P = 0.002). Maximum post‐ibutilide J‐Tpeakc was also lower during the testosterone phase (233 ± 22 vs. 246 ± 29 vs. 248 ± 23 ms, P < 0.0001). Pre‐ibutilide Tpeak‐Tend was not significantly different during the three phases, but maximum post‐ibutilide Tpeak‐Tend was lower during the testosterone phase (80 ± 12 vs. 89 ± 18 vs. 86 ± 15 ms, P = 0.002). Maximum Tpeak‐Tend/QT was also lower during the testosterone phase (0.199 ± 0.023 vs. 0.216 ± 0.035 vs. 0.209 ± 0.031, P = 0.005). Progesterone exerted minimal effect on drug‐induced lengthening of J‐Tpeakc, and no effect on Tpeak‐Tend or Tpeak‐Tend/QT. Transdermal testosterone attenuates drug‐induced lengthening of both early and late ventricular repolarization in older men.
How to deal with coronavirus disease 2019: A comprehensive narrative review about oral involvement of the disease
Authors: Capocasale Giorgia , Nocini Riccardo , Faccioni Paolo , Donadello Dario , Bertossi Dario , Albanese Massimo , Zotti Francesca 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this narrative review was to collect all findings from literature about oral signs and symptoms of COVID‐19, in order to draw a picture of oral involvement of this challenging viral infection, to help oral professionals in a better triage and early diagnosis.Material and methodsThe search for international literature was made including articles written in English and reporting about oral manifestations in patients with a diagnosis of COVID‐19. The publication time was limited to 2019 and 2020, up to May 20, 2020. A narrative review was performed.ResultsTwenty‐three articles were included in this review. Three different oral manifestations were found: taste alteration, oral blister and ulcers, and oral lesions associated with Kawasaki‐like diseases (erythema, bleeding of lips, “strawberry tongue”). The higher expression of Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in the oral cavity and in endothelial cells might be responsible for oral manifestation and the major report of signs and symptoms in the occidental countries.ConclusionsDetecting oral signs and symptoms of COVID‐19 could be useful to perform a better preliminary triage in dental setting, and in recognizing possible early manifestations of the disease. However, considering the outbreak of COVID‐19 and the consequent difficulty of undergoing oral examinations, the oral manifestations might be misdiagnosed; then, we would encourage oral professionals to perform other studies about this topic.
Systematic analysis of the transcriptome in small‐cell carcinoma of the oesophagus reveals its immune microenvironment
Authors: Zhao Qi , Chen Yan‐Xing , Wu Qi‐Nian , Zhang Chao , Liu Min , Wang Ying‐Nan , Feng Yan‐Fen , Hu Jia‐Jia , Fu Jian‐Hua , Yang Hong , Qi Jing‐Jing , Wang Zi‐Xian , Lu Yun‐Xin , Sheng Hui , Liu Ze‐Xian , Zuo Zhi‐Xiang , Zheng Jian , Yun Jing‐Ping , Bei Jin‐Xin , Jia Wei‐Hua , Lin Dong‐Xin , Xu Rui‐hua , Wang Feng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesAlthough the genomic landscape of small‐cell carcinoma of the oesophagus (SCCE) has been dissected, its transcriptome‐level aberration and immune microenvironment status are unknown.MethodsUsing ultra‐deep whole transcriptome sequencing, we analysed the expression profile of nine paired SCCE samples and compared the transcriptome with public transcriptomic data set of normal oesophageal mucosa and other cancer types. Based on the transcriptome data, the immune signatures were investigated. The genomic data of 55 SCCE samples were also applied for immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICBT) biomarker evaluation including microsatellite instability (MSI) status, tumor mutation burden (TMB) and neoantigen burden (TNB). Also, we evaluated the CD8, CD68 and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) in 62 retrospective SCCE samples with IHC assay.ResultsDifferential expression analysis revealed that the cell cycle, p53, and Wnt pathways are significantly deregulated in SCCE. Immune microenvironment analysis showed that high leucocyte infiltration and adaptive immune resistance did occur in certain individuals, while the majority showed a relatively suppressive immune status. Immune checkpoints such as CD276 and LAG‐3 were upregulated, and higher M2 macrophage infiltration in tumor tissues. Furthermore, normal tissues adjacent to the tumors of SCCE presented a more activated inflammatory status than tumor‐free healthy controls. These observations showed that ICBT might benefit SCCE patients. As the critical biomarker of ICBT, TMB of SCCE was 3.64 with the predictive objective response rate 13.2%, while the PD‐L1‐positive rate was 43%.ConclusionsOur study systematically characterized the immune microenvironment in small‐cell carcinoma of the esophagus and provided evidence that several patients with SCCE may benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
Treating acne scars in 2020: Use of lasers
Authors: Utley Collette , Gold Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcne scarring is an unfortunate complication of acne vulgaris. Acne scars occur in nearly 49% of people that suffer from acne and has shown psychosocial effects such as poor self‐esteem, social isolation, low confidence, in addition to a significant depression risk factor and suicide. Multimodal treatment approaches can improve efficacy and treatment considerations should be based on individualized patients. Utilizing lasers in treating acne scars as well as acne scars in ethnic skin are reviewed. Energy‐based devices include fractional (ablative and nonablative) for moderate to severe acne in addition to novel device systems.MethodsA literature review of treating acne scars with lasers including pulse dye laser, fractional (ablative and nonablative), picosecond, and novel devices.ResultsUse of lasers in treating acne scars is an effective approach and multimodal device options for acne scarring are presented in the review.ConclusionAcne‐scarring laser treatment modalities and evidence‐based treatments should be promoted for each individual patient. Updated laser treatments for acne scarring are covered, in addition to ethnic skin, along with a discussion and selection on laser treatment modalities.
Anuran accents: Continental‐scale citizen science data reveal spatial and temporal patterns of call variability
Authors: Weaver Savannah J. , Callaghan Corey T. , Rowley Jodi J. L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany animals rely on vocal communication for mating advertisement, territorial displays, and warning calls. Advertisement calls are species‐specific, serve as a premating isolation mechanism, and reinforce species boundaries. Nevertheless, there is a great deal of interspecific variability of advertisement calls. Quantifying the variability of calls among individuals within a species and across species is critical to understand call evolution and species boundaries, and may build a foundation for further research in animal communication. However, collecting a large volume of advertisement call recordings across a large geographic area has traditionally posed a logistical barrier. We used data from the continental‐scale citizen science project FrogID to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of call characteristics in six Australian frog species. We found intraspecific call variability in both call duration and peak frequency across species. Using resampling methods, we show that variability in call duration and peak frequency was related to the number of individuals recorded, the geographic area encompassed by those individuals, and the intra‐annual time difference between those recordings. We conclude that in order to accurately understand frog advertisement call variation, or “anuran accents,” the number of individuals in a sample must be numerous (N ≥ 20), encompass a large geographic area relative to a species' range, and be collected throughout a species' calling season.