bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distressing healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: the challenges of holiday season in the Philippines
Authors: Lagman James Darwin N , Vergara Raymond John D , Sarmiento Philip Joseph D 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The holiday season, Christmas to New Year, is the most festive period of each year in the Philippines. However, the beginning of the festive holiday season in the Philippines seems to be a predicament to healthcare workers and professionals especially during this coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The holiday season is considered a health risk in the Philippines because of the change of lifestyle leading to the increased number of health consultancies and hospitalization. Thus, the expected surge of people in the hospitals and clinics pose an added stress to healthcare workers and professionals. Pre-Holiday policies and programs are therefore essentials especially during the course of battling COVID-19.
Wordsworth, Fox, and a Poet’s Public Spirit
Authors: Bowers Will 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Wordsworth’s major poetry—Lyrical Ballads (1798, 1800, 1802), The Prelude [1805], and Poems, in Two Volumes (1807)—has a rich critical heritage of political readings. This essay concerns itself with a similar but different theme: Wordsworth’s attitude towards a politician, and politicians generally, during his writing prime. From 1801 to 1806 Wordsworth corresponded with, met, and wrote poetry about the Whig statesman Charles James Fox, and in the same period he developed a civic sense of his own vocation. I argue that this engagement with Fox is an underappreciated source of what T. S. Eliot calls Wordsworth’s ‘public spirit’, a spirit which grew in conflict with the tendency of politicians in Britain and France to judge ‘men in bodies, and in classes, and accordingly to contemplate them in that relation’. The essay begins with an analysis of Wordsworth’s 1801 letter to Fox, before moving to consider Fox’s lukewarm reply and its basis in unpublished correspondence. It then explores the confident Miltonic poet who emerges in Wordsworth’s ‘Sonnets Dedicated to Liberty’, before finally considering accounts of the two men meeting in 1806, and the elegy Wordsworth wrote on Fox’s death in the same year. Attention to Wordsworth’s relationship with Fox allows focus to move away from how and why the poet’s politics changed in these five years, and on to his consistently held, revolutionary, and influential notion that poetry could provide an alternative means of animating politics.
Integrating Sequence Capture and Restriction Site-Associated DNA Sequencing to Resolve Recent Radiations of Pelagic Seabirds
Authors: Ferrer Obiol Joan , James Helen F , Chesser R Terry , Bretagnolle Vincent , González-Solís Jacob , Rozas Julio , Riutort Marta , Welch Andreanna J 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe diversification of modern birds has been shaped by a number of radiations. Rapid diversification events make reconstructing the evolutionary relationships among taxa challenging due to the convoluted effects of incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and introgression. Phylogenomic data sets have the potential to detect patterns of phylogenetic incongruence, and to address their causes. However, the footprints of ILS and introgression on sequence data can vary between different phylogenomic markers at different phylogenetic scales depending on factors such as their evolutionary rates or their selection pressures. We show that combining phylogenomic markers that evolve at different rates, such as paired-end double-digest restriction site-associated DNA (PE-ddRAD) and ultraconserved elements (UCEs), allows a comprehensive exploration of the causes of phylogenetic discordance associated with short internodes at different timescales. We used thousands of UCE and PE-ddRAD markers to produce the first well-resolved phylogeny of shearwaters, a group of medium-sized pelagic seabirds that are among the most phylogenetically controversial and endangered bird groups. We found that phylogenomic conflict was mainly derived from high levels of ILS due to rapid speciation events. We also documented a case of introgression, despite the high philopatry of shearwaters to their breeding sites, which typically limits gene flow. We integrated state-of-the-art concatenated and coalescent-based approaches to expand on previous comparisons of UCE and RAD-Seq data sets for phylogenetics, divergence time estimation, and inference of introgression, and we propose a strategy to optimize RAD-Seq data for phylogenetic analyses. Our results highlight the usefulness of combining phylogenomic markers evolving at different rates to understand the causes of phylogenetic discordance at different timescales. [Aves; incomplete lineage sorting; introgression; PE-ddRAD-Seq; phylogenomics; radiations; shearwaters; UCEs.]
Probiotics treatment improves cognitive impairment in patients and animals: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lv Tingting , Ye Mengfei , Luo Fangyi , Hu Baiqi , Wang Anzhe , Chen Jiaqi , Yan Junwei , He Ziyi , Chen Feng , Qian Chao , Gao Hui , Zhang Jian , Liu Zheng , Ding Zhinan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe gut–brain axis has received considerable attention in recent years, and the “psychobiotics” concept indicates that probiotics have a potential positive effect on cognitive function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the influence of probiotics on cognitive function. We conducted a random-e?ects meta-analysis of 7 controlled clinical trials and 11 animals studies to evaluate the e?ects of probiotics on cognitive function. Probiotics supplementation enhanced cognitive function in both human (0.24 [0.05–0.42]; I2 = 0%) and animal studies (0.90 [0.47–1.34]; I2 = 74%). Subgroup analyses indicated that the effects of probiotics on cognitively impaired individuals (0.25 [0.05–0.45]; I2 = 0%) were greater than those on healthy ones (0.15 [−0.30 to 0.60]; I2 = 0%). Furthermore, compared with a multiple-probiotic supplement, one strain of probiotic was more effective in humans. The meta-analysis provided some suggestions for probiotics intervention and tended to support a customized approach for different individuals to ameliorate cognitive disorders. Future additional clinical trials are necessary to evaluate therapeutic effect and influencing factors.
Predictors of CPAP outcome in hospitalised COVID-19 patients
Authors: Noeman-Ahmed Y , Gokaraju S , Powrie DJ , Amran DA , El Sayed I , Roshdy Ashraf 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionThroughout March – April 2020, many patients with COVID-19 presented to Southend University Hospital with Acute Hypoxaemic Respiratory Failure (AHRF). Patients were managed in a Specialist Respiratory High Dependency Unit. We present our experience on the usage of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy and possible indicators of its success in this patient group.MethodsData from patients (n=89) requiring mechanical ventilation during the months of March-April 2020, were retrospectively collected and analysed. 37 patients received IMV (Invasive Mechanical Ventilation) without a CPAP trial beforehand. 52 patients underwent a CPAP trial, of which 21 patients successfully avoided intubation and ITU admission.ResultsThe 52 patients, prior to receiving CPAP had significant respiratory failure as evidenced by a low PaO2: FiO2 (PFR) (mean± SD 123 ± 60 mmHg) and mean SpO2:FiO2 (SFR) (mean ± SD: 140 ± 50). The main indicators of CPAP success were: higher SFR before and after CPAP, lower respiratory rate (RR), lower Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and higher PFR prior to CPAP.DiscussionCPAP proved successful in 40% of COVID-19 patients presenting with AHRF. SFR, PFR, RR and NLR are predictors of such success. SFR can be used for effective real time monitoring of patients before and after CPAP to identify likelihood of success. Based on our results, we have suggested a modified CPAP management protocol in COVID-19. These findings can guide future studies and will allow improved triage of patients to either CPAP or IMV, in the event of a future COVID peak.
A persistent invasive phenotype in post-hypoxic tumor cells is revealed by novel fate-mapping and computational modeling
Authors: Rocha Heber L. , Godet Inês , Kurtoglu Furkan , Metzcar John , Konstantinopoulos Kali , Bhoyar Soumitra , Gilkes Daniele M. , Macklin Paul 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARYHypoxia is a critical factor in solid tumors that has been associated with cancer progression and aggressiveness. We recently developed a hypoxia-fate mapping system that allowed the tracing of post-hypoxic cells within a tumor for the first time. This novel approach, based on an oxygen-dependent fluorescent switch, made the investigation of the post-hypoxic phenotype possible. The system allowed us to measure key biological features such as oxygen distribution, cell proliferation and migration. Using this data, we developed a computational model to investigate the motility and phenotypic persistence of hypoxic and post-hypoxic cells during tumor progression. The behavior of hypoxic and post-hypoxic cells was defined by phenotypic persistence time, cell movement bias and the fraction of cells that respond to an enhanced migratory stimulus. Our studies revealed that post-hypoxic cells have an enhanced persistent migratory phenotype that promotes the formation of invasive structures (“plumes”) expanding towards the oxygenated tumor regions. This work combined advanced cell tracking and imaging techniques with mathematical modeling, and revealed for the first time that a persistent invasive migratory phenotype that develops under hypoxic conditions enhances their escape into non-hypoxic tumor regions to invade the surrounding tissue.
Single neuron activity predicts behavioral performance of individual animals during memory retention
Authors: Strube-Bloss Martin Fritz , D’Albis Tiziano , Menzel Randolf , Nawrot Martin Paul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn 1972 Rescorla and Wagner formulated their model of classical Pavlovian conditioning postulating that the associative strength of a stimulus is expressed directly in the behavior it elicits1. Many biologists and psychologists were inspired by this model, and numerous experiments thereafter were interpreted assuming that the magnitude of the conditioned response (CR) reflects an associative effect at the physiological level. However, a correlation between neural activity and the expression of the CR in individual animals has not yet been reported. Here we show that, following differential odor conditioning, the change in activity of single mushroom body output neurons (MBON) of the honeybee predicts the behavioral performance of the individual during memory retention. The encoding of the stimulus-reward association at the mushroom body output occurs about 600 ms before the initiation of the CR. We conclude that the MB provides a stable representation of the stimulus-reward associative strength, and that this representation is required for behavioral decision-making during memory retention.
Increased theta/alpha synchrony in the habenula-prefrontal network with negative emotional stimuli in human patients
Authors: Huang Yongzhi , Sun Bomin , Debarros Jean , Zhang Chao , Zhan Shikun , Li Dianyou , Zhang Chencheng , Wang Tao , Huang Peng , Lai Yijie , Brown Peter , Cao Chunyan , Tan Huiling 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLateral habenula is believed to encode negative motivational stimuli and plays key roles in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. However, how habenula activities are modulated during the perception and processing of emotional information is still poorly understood. We recorded local field potentials from bilateral habenula areas with simultaneous cortical magnetoencephalography in nine patients with psychiatric disorders during an emotional picture viewing task. Oscillatory activity in the theta/alpha band (5-10 Hz) within the habenula and prefrontal cortical regions, as well as the coupling between these structures, are increased during the perception and processing of negative emotional stimuli compared to positive emotional stimuli. The evoked increase in theta/alpha band synchronization in the frontal cortex-habenula network correlated with the emotional valence not the arousal score of the stimuli. These results provide direct evidence for increased theta/alpha synchrony within the habenula area and prefrontal cortex-habenula network in the perception of negative emotion in human participants.
Fatty acid metabolic reprogramming promotesC. elegansdevelopment
Authors: Cao Xuwen , Xie Yusu , Xue Beining , Yang Hanwen , Garcia L. Rene , Zhang Liusuo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAcetylcholine signaling has been reported to play essential roles in animal metabolic regulation and disease affected by diets. However, the underlying mechanisms that how diets regulate animal physiology and health are not well understood. Here we found that the acetylcholine receptor geneeat-2was expressed in most of the pharyngeal muscles, which is in accordance to our previous report that EAT-2 received synaptic signals not only from pharyngeal MC neurons. The expression of fatty acid synthesis genes was significantly increased in botheat-2andtmc-1fast-growth mutants on CeMM food environment, compared to the wild-type. Excitingly, dietary fatty acids such as 15-methyl-hexadecanoic acid (C17ISO), palmitic acid (PA, C16:0) and stearic acid (SA, C18:0) supplementation, significantly accelerated wild-type worm development on CeMM, indicating that the fatty acid synthesis reprogramming is an essential strategy forC. elegansto regulate its development and growth on CeMM diet. Furthermore, we found that fatty acid elongase geneelo-6knock-out significantly attenuatedeat-2mutant’ fast growth, while overexpression ofelo-6could rescue theeat-2; elo-6double mutant’ slow development, which suggested thatelo-6played a major role in the above metabolic remodeling. Taken together, our report indicates that diets regulate neuromuscular circuit and modulateC. elegansdevelopment via fatty acid metabolic reprogramming. As most of the key genes and metabolites found in this study are conserved in both invertebrate and vertebrate animals, we believed that our results might provide essential clues to the molecular mechanisms underlying interactions among animal nutrition sensation, metabolism reprogramming and developmental regulation.Significance StatementDiets and nutritional composition affect animal development and human health, however the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We demonstrate that the acetylcholine receptor geneeat-2is expressed in most of pharyngeal muscles, and the expression of fatty acid synthesis genes is significantly increased in botheat-2andtmc-1fast-growth mutants on the synthetic chemical defined CeMM food environment. Dietary supplementation of several fatty acids significantly speed up animal development. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the fatty acid elongase geneelo-6knock-out attenuateseat-2mutant’ fast growth, and overexpression of wild-typeelo-6promotes theeat-2; elo-6double mutant’ slow development. Our findings describe that acetylcholine signaling coordinate nutrition sensation and developmental regulation through fatty acid metabolic remodeling.
Drosophilafunctional screening ofde novovariants in autism uncovers deleterious variants and facilitates discovery of rare neurodevelopmental diseases
Authors: Marcogliese Paul C , Deal Samantha L , Andrews Jonathan , Harnish J Michael , Bhavana V Hemanjani , Graves Hillary K , Jangam Sharayu , Luo Xi , Liu Ning , Bei Danqing , Chao Yu-Hsin , Hull Brooke , Lee Pei-Tseng , Pan Hongling , Longley Colleen M , Chao Hsiao-Tuan , Chung Hyunglok , Haelterman Nele A , Kanca Oguz , Manivannan Sathiya N , Rossetti Linda Z , Gerard Amanda , Schwaibold Eva Maria Christina , Guerrini Renzo , Vetro Annalisa , England Eleina , Murali Chaya N , Barakat Tahsin Stefan , van Dooren Marieke F , Wilke Martina , van Slegtenhorst Marjon , Lesca Gaetan , Sabatier Isabelle , Chatron Nicolas , Brownstein Catherine A , Madden Jill A , Agrawal Pankaj B , Keller Roberto , Pavinato Lisa , Brusco Alfredo , Rosenfeld Jill A , Marom Ronit , Wangler Michael F , Yamamoto Shinya 
Published: January 2021

SummaryIndividuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) exhibit an increased burden ofde novovariants in a broadening range of genes. We functionally tested the effects of ASD missense variants usingDrosophilathrough ‘humanization’ rescue and overexpression-based strategies. We studied 79 ASD variants in 74 genes identified in the Simons Simplex Collection and found 38% of them caused functional alterations. Moreover, we identifiedGLRA2as the cause of a spectrum of neurodevelopmental phenotypes beyond ASD in eight previously undiagnosed subjects. Functional characterization of variants in ASD candidate genes point to conserved neurobiological mechanisms and facilitates gene discovery for rare neurodevelopmental diseases.
Apomixis and genetic background affect distinct traits inHieracium pilosellaL. grown under competition
Authors: Sailer Christian , Tiberi Simone , Schmid Bernhard , Stöcklin Jürg , Grossniklaus Ueli 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundApomixis, the asexual reproduction through seeds, occurs in over 40 plant families and avoids the hidden cost of sex. Apomictic plants are thought to have an advantage in sparse populations and when colonizing new areas but may have a disadvantage in changing environments because they propagate via fixed genotypes.In this study, we separated the influences of different genetic backgrounds (potentially reflecting local adaptation) from those of the mode of reproduction, i.e., sexual vs. apomictic, on nine fitness-related traits inHieracium pilosellaL. We aimed to test whether apomixisper semay provide a fitness advantage in different competition environments in a common garden setting.ResultsTo separate the effects of genetic background from those of reproductive mode, we generated five families of apomictic and sexual full siblings by crossing two paternal with four maternal parents. Under competition, apomictic plants showed reproductive assurance (probability of seeding, fertility), while offspring of sexual plants with the same genetic background had a higher germination rate. Sexual plants grew better (biomass) than apomictic plants in the presence of grass as a competitor but apomictic plants spread further vegetatively (maximum stolon length) when their competitors were sexual plants of the same species. Furthermore, genetic background as represented by the five full-sibling families influenced maximum stolon length, the number of seeds, and total fitness. Under competition with grass, genetic background influenced fecundity, the number of seeds, and germination rate.ConclusionsOur results suggest that both the mode of reproduction as well as the genetic background affect the success ofH. pilosellain competitive environments. Total fitness, the most relevant trait for adaptation, was only affected by the genetic background. However, we also show for the first time that apomixisper sehas effects on fitness-related traits that are not confounded by — and thus independent of — the genetic background.
Spatial computing for the control of working memory
Authors: Lundqvist Mikael , Brincat Scott L , Rose Jonas , Warden Melissa R. , Buschman Tim , Miller Earl K. , Herman Pawel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWorking memory (WM) allows us to selectively remember and flexibly control a limited amount of information. Earlier work has suggested WM control is achieved by interactions between bursts of beta and gamma oscillations. The emerging question is how beta and gamma bursting, reflecting coherent activity of hundreds of thousands of neurons, can underlie selective control of individual items held in WM? Here, we propose a principle for how such selective control might be achieved on the neural network level. It relies on spatial computing, which suggests that beta and gamma interactions cause item-specific activity to flow spatially across the network over the course of a task. This way, control-related information about, for instance, item order can be retrieved from the spatial activity independent of the detailed recurrent connectivity that gives rise to the item-specific activity itself. The spatial flow should in turn be reflected in low-dimensional activity shared by many neurons. We test predictions of the proposed spatial computing paradigm by analysing control-related as well as item-specific activity in local field potentials and neuronal spiking from prefrontal cortex of rhesus macaques performing four WM tasks. As predicted, we find that the low-dimensional activity has a spatial component from which we can read out control-related information. These spatial components were stable over multiple sessions and did not depend on the specific WM items being used. We hypothesize that spatial computing can facilitate generalization and zero-shot learning by utilizing spatial component as an additional information encoding dimension. This offers a new perspective on the functional role of low-dimensional activity that tends to dominate cortical activity.
Coordinated poleward flux of sister kinetochore fibers drives chromosome alignment
Authors: Risteski Patrik , Božan Domagoj , Jagrić Mihaela , Bosilj Agneza , Pavin Nenad , Tolić Iva M. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTChromosome alignment at the spindle equator promotes proper chromosome segregation and depends on pulling forces exerted at kinetochore fiber tips together with polar ejection forces. However, kinetochore fibers are also subjected to forces driving their poleward flux. Here we introduce a flux-driven centering model that relies on flux generated by forces within the overlaps of bridging and kinetochore fibers. This centering mechanism works so that the longer kinetochore fiber fluxes faster than the shorter one, moving the kinetochores towards the center. We developed speckle microscopy in human spindles and confirmed the key prediction that kinetochore fiber flux is length-dependent. Kinetochores are better centered when overlaps are shorter and the kinetochore fiber flux markedly slower than the bridging fiber flux. We identify Kif18A and Kif4A as overlap and flux regulators and NuMA as a fiber coupler. Thus, length-dependent sliding forces exerted by the bridging fiber onto kinetochore fibers promote chromosome alignment.
Muscle coordination retraining inspired by musculoskeletal simulations: a study on reducing knee loading
Authors: Uhlrich Scott D , Jackson Rachel W , Seth Ajay , Kolesar Julie A , Delp Scott L 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHumans typically coordinate their muscles to meet movement objectives like minimizing energy expenditure. In the presence of pathology, new objectives gain importance, like reducing loading in an osteoarthritic joint, but people often do not change their muscle coordination patterns to meet these new objectives. Here we use musculoskeletal simulations to identify simple changes in coordination that can be taught by providing feedback of electromyographic activity to achieve a therapeutic goal—reducing joint loading. Our simulations predicted that changing the relative activation of the redundant ankle plantarflexors could reduce knee contact force during walking, but it was unclear whether humans could re-coordinate redundant muscles during a complex task like walking. With simple biofeedback of electromyographic activity, healthy individuals reduced the ratio of gastrocnemius to soleus muscle activation by 25±15% (p=0.004). The resulting “gastrocnemius avoidance” gait pattern reduced the late-stance peak of simulation-estimated knee contact force by 12±12% (p=0.029). Simulation-informed muscle coordination retraining could be a promising treatment for knee osteoarthritis and a powerful tool for optimizing coordination for a variety of rehabilitation and performance applications.