bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotional Loneliness Is Associated With a Risk of Dementia in a General Japanese Older Population: The Hisayama Study
Authors: Shibata Mao , Ohara Tomoyuki , Hosoi Masako , Hata Jun , Yoshida Daigo , Hirabayashi Naoki , Morisaki Yukiko , Nakazawa Taro , Mihara Akane , Nagata Takuya , Oishi Emi , Anno Kozo , Sudo Nobuyuki , Ninomiya Toshiharu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the association of loneliness and its component subscales with the risk of dementia in a general Japanese older population.

Method
A total of 1,141 community-dwelling Japanese residents aged ≥65 years without dementia were prospectively followed up for a median 5.0 years. We evaluated any loneliness and its component subscales—namely, social and emotional loneliness—by using the 6-item de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of each loneliness type on the risk of dementia controlling for demographic factors, lifestyle factors, physical factors, social isolation factors, and depression.

Results
During the follow-up, 114 participants developed dementia. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence rate of dementia was significantly greater in participants with any loneliness and emotional loneliness than those without. The multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% confidence intervals) of participants with any loneliness and emotional loneliness on incident dementia were 1.61 (1.08–2.40) and 1.65 (1.07–2.54), respectively, as compared to those without. However, there was no significant association between social loneliness and dementia risk. In subgroup analyses of social isolation factors, excess risks of dementia associated with emotional loneliness were observed in participants who had a partner, lived with someone, or rarely communicated with relatives or friends, but such association was not significant in participants who had no partner, lived alone, or frequently communicated with friends or relatives.

Discussion
The present study suggested that loneliness, especially emotional loneliness, was a significant risk factor for the development of dementia in the general older population in Japan.
A multilevel transition perspective on embedding intersectoral action in local health policies
Authors: Super Sabina , Klerkx Laurens W A , Hermens Niels , Koelen Maria A 
Published: November 2020

Summary
Intersectoral action is advocated as a social practice that can effectively address health inequalities and related social issues. Existing knowledge provides insight into factors that may facilitate or hinder successful intersectoral action, but not much is known about how intersectoral action evolves and becomes embedded in local health policies. This is where this study aims to make its contribution, by adopting the multilevel perspective on transitions, which is increasingly used to study social innovation in sustainability transitions but has not yet been applied to public health and health promotion. Through this perspective, it was unravelled how intersectoral action between youth-care organizations and community sports clubs became embedded in local health policies of Rotterdam, a large city in the Netherlands. A single explorative case study was conducted based on content analysis of policy documents and 15 in-depth interviews with policy officers, managers and field workers operating in the fields of youth and sports in Rotterdam. The findings showed that intersectoral action between community organizations and policymakers evolves through congruent processes at different levels that changed institutional logics. Moreover, it emerged that policymakers and other actors that advocate novel social practices and act as boundary spanners can adopt multiple strategies to embed these practices in local health policy. The multi-level perspective adds value to earlier approaches to research intersectoral collaboration for health promotion as it allows to better capture the politics involved in the social innovation processes. However, further sharpening and more comprehensive application of transition concepts to study transitions in public health and health promotion is needed.
Mitochondria–lysosome membrane contacts are defective in GDAP1-related Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
Authors: Cantarero Lara , Juárez-Escoto Elena , Civera-Tregón Azahara , Rodríguez-Sanz María , Roldán Mónica , Benítez Raúl , Hoenicka Janet , Palau Francesc 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMutations in the GDAP1 gene cause Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) neuropathy. GDAP1 is an atypical glutathione S-transferase (GST) of the outer mitochondrial membrane and the mitochondrial membrane contacts with the endoplasmic reticulum (MAMs). Here, we investigate the role of this GST in the autophagic flux and the membrane contact sites (MCSs) between mitochondria and lysosomes in the cellular pathophysiology of GDAP1 deficiency. We demonstrate that GDAP1 participates in basal autophagy and that its depletion affects LC3 and PI3P biology in autophagosome biogenesis and membrane trafficking from MAMs. GDAP1 also contributes to the maturation of lysosome by interacting with PYKfyve kinase, a pH-dependent master lysosomal regulator. GDAP1 deficiency causes giant lysosomes with hydrolytic activity, a delay in the autophagic lysosome reformation, and TFEB activation. Notably, we found that GDAP1 interacts with LAMP-1, which supports that GDAP1–LAMP-1 is a new tethering pair of mitochondria and lysosome membrane contacts. We observed mitochondria–lysosome MCSs in soma and axons of cultured mouse embryonic motor neurons and human neuroblastoma cells. GDAP1 deficiency reduces the MCSs between these organelles, causes mitochondrial network abnormalities, and decreases levels of cellular glutathione (GSH). The supply of GSH-MEE suffices to rescue the lysosome membranes and the defects of the mitochondrial network, but not the interorganelle MCSs nor early autophagic events. Overall, we showthat GDAP1 enables the proper function of mitochondrial MCSs in both degradative and nondegradative pathways, which could explain primary insults in GDAP1-related CMT pathophysiology, and highlights new redox-sensitive targets in axonopathies where mitochondria and lysosomes are involved.
Transvenous lead extraction outcomes using a novel hand-powered bidirectional rotational sheath as a first-line extraction tool in a low-volume centre
Authors: Ksela Jus , Prevolnik Jan , Racman Mark 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Extraction of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices in low-volume medical centres with limited clinical experience and an evolving lead extraction programme may be challenging. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of stepwise transvenous lead extraction (TLE) using a novel type of hand-powered rotational sheath as a first-line tool for extraction of chronically implanted devices in a single, low-volume centre.

METHODS
Sixty-seven consecutive patients undergoing a TLE procedure using the novel Evolution® RL rotational sheath as the first-line extraction tool between 2015 and 2019 at our institution were enrolled in the study. Their short-term and 30-day outcomes were observed.

RESULTS
Sixty-nine devices and 131 leads were explanted. Procedural and clinical success rates were 92.4% and 98.5%, respectively. Two procedures were classified as failures due to lead remnants &gt;4 cm remaining in patients’ vascular systems. One major (1.5%) and 3 minor (4.4%) adverse events and no deaths were observed.

CONCLUSIONS
TLE procedures, performed in a stepwise manner, using the Evolution RL sheath as a first-line extraction device and conducted by an experienced, surgically well-trained operator, offer excellent results with clinical and procedural success rates comparable to those, achieved in dedicated, high-volume institutions. Opting for optimal lead extraction approach in low-volume centres or institutions with evolving TLE programmes, a stepwise extraction strategy using the Evolution RL sheath by skilled operator may provide the optimal scheme with an excellent ratio between clinical and/or procedural success and complications.
Do generalized draw-down times lead to better dividends? A Pontryagin principle-based answer
Authors: Avram Florin , Goreac Dan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the context of maximizing cumulative dividends under barrier policies, generalized Azéma–Yor (draw-down) stopping times receive increasing attention during these past years. Based on Pontryagin’s maximality principle, we illustrate the necessity of such generalizations under the framework of spectrally negative Markov processes. Roughly speaking, starting from the explicit expression of the optimal value of discounted dividends in terms of the scale functions, we write down the optimality conditions (via Pontryagin’s principle). The use of generalized draw-downs is then quantified through a structure term (linked to the existence of non bang-bang optimal controls). We thoroughly study several classes of Lévy processes (Bertoin, Lévy Processes, vol. 121. Cambridge University Press, 1998; Kyprianou, Fluctuations of Lévy Processes with Applications: Introductory Lectures. Springer Science & Business Media, 2014) constituting the usual models of insurance claims and a particular piece-wise deterministic Markov model (extending the premium rate to reserve-dependent settings). In all these models, we disprove the consistency of the aforementioned structure equation, thus denying the necessity of such generalizations. We end the paper with some heuristics on possible non-trivial cases for general Markov models.
Asymptotic Properties of the Spinor Field and the Application to Nonlinear Dirac Models
Authors: Li Jiong-Yue , Zang Yunlong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper we study the asymptotic behavior of the solutions of massless Dirac equations in $\mathbb{R}^{1+3}$ via a vector field method. It is proved that the solutions decay in a sharp rate and enjoy the so-called peeling properties. Based on this decay mechanism, we give a new insight to investigate the spinor null structure. Then a small-data global existence result of a nonlinear Dirac model follows. The application of our nonlinear Dirac model also anwers an open question raised by N. Tzvetkov concerning the Lorentz-invariant quadratic Dirac equations.
A CLT in Stein’s Distance for Generalized Wishart Matrices and Higher-Order Tensors
Authors: Mikulincer Dan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study the a central limit theorem for sums of independent tensor powers, $\frac{1}{\sqrt{d}}\sum \limits _{i=1}^d X_i^{\otimes p}$. We focus on the high-dimensional regime where $X_i \in{\mathbb{R}}^n$ and $n$ may scale with $d$. Our main result is a proposed threshold for convergence. Specifically, we show that, under some regularity assumption, if $n^{2p-1}\ll d$, then the normalized sum converges to a Gaussian. The results apply, among others, to symmetric uniform log-concave measures and to product measures. This generalizes several results found in the literature. Our main technique is a novel application of optimal transport to Stein’s method, which accounts for the low-dimensional structure, which is inherent in $X_i^{\otimes p}$.
Validation of the One Broth One Plate for Salmonella Method for Detection of Salmonella Spp. in Select Food and Environmental Samples: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 102002
Authors: Alles Susan , Roman Brooke , Le Quynh-Nhi , Kurteu Magdalena , Elmerhebi Ezzeddine , Potter Christopher , Mozola Mark , Thompson Wesley , Bastin Benjamin , Donofrio Robert 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
One Broth One Plate for Salmonella (OBOP Salmonella) is a rapid and simple method for detection of Salmonella spp. in food and environmental samples using traditional culture methodology. The method utilizes single-step enrichment followed by plating to a selective/differential, chromogenic agar.

Objective
The purpose of the validation study was to measure the effectiveness of the OBOP Salmonella method in comparison to reference culture procedures.

Method
Performance of the OBOP Salmonella method was compared to that of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual Chapter 5 reference method for queso fresco, smoked salmon, cantaloupe, chocolate, black pepper, chili powder, dry pet food, and sponge samples from a stainless steel surface, or to that of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook Chapter 4.10 method for raw ground turkey, chicken carcass rinse, and pasteurized liquid egg. Inclusivity/exclusivity, robustness, and stability/lot-to-lot consistency testing was also performed.

Results
In the matrix study, there were no statistically significant differences in performance between the OBOP Salmonella and reference methods, as determined by probability of detection analysis (P &lt; 0.05), for any of the matrixes examined. All 104 Salmonella spp. strains produced positive results in inclusivity testing, and all 33 non-salmonellae exclusivity strains tested negative with the OBOP Salmonella method.

Conclusions
Results of the validation study show that the OBOP Salmonella method is a reliable procedure for detection of Salmonella spp. in select matrixes. The method is simple to perform, requires no specialized equipment, and produces results in as little as 37 h.

Highlights
The OBOP Salmonella method was awarded AOAC PTMSM (#102002) for detection of Salmonella in queso fresco, smoked salmon, cantaloupe, chocolate, black pepper, chili powder, dry pet food, sponge samples on a stainless steel surface, raw ground turkey, chicken carcass rinse, and pasteurized liquid egg. The method is also approved by MicroVal® for a broad range of foods under certification number 2019LR88.
The incompletely fulfilled promise of embryo transfer in cattle—why aren’t pregnancy rates greater and what can we do about it?
Authors: Hansen Peter J 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTypically, bovine embryos are transferred into recipient females about day 7 after estrus or anticipated ovulation, when the embryo has reached the blastocyst stage of development. All the biological and technical causes for failure of a female to produce a blastocyst 7 d after natural or artificial insemination (AI) are avoided when a blastocyst-stage embryo is transferred into the female. It is reasonable to expect, therefore, that pregnancy success would be higher for embryo transfer (ET) recipients than for inseminated females. This expectation is not usually met unless the recipient is exposed to heat stress or is classified as a repeat-breeder female. Rather, pregnancy success is generally similar for ET and AI. The implication is that either one or more of the technical aspects of ET have not yet been optimized or that underlying female fertility that causes an embryo to die before day 7 also causes it to die later in pregnancy. Improvements in pregnancy success after ET will depend upon making a better embryo, improving uterine receptivity, and forging new tools for production and transfer of embryos. Key to accelerating progress in improving pregnancy rates will be the identification of phenotypes or phenomes that allow the prediction of embryo competence for survival and maternal capacity to support embryonic development.
Survival and prognostic association in stage IV colorectal cancer patients treated with chemotherapy in Bangladesh
Authors: Shuayb Md , Mehedi Hasan Md , Hoque Md Rashedul , Mushtaq Hussain Qazi , Begum Rabeya , Reza Md Salim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
Prognostic factors in colorectal cancer have lesser been evaluated in developing countries. This study aims to determine overall survival and prognostic factors for metastatic colorectal cancer patients who were non-operable and received chemotherapy.

Methods
The study retrospectively investigated 67 inoperable metastatic colorectal cancer patients at Square Hospital, Bangladesh. The primary endpoint was overall survival, and the secondary endpoints were prognostic association with factors. Survival probabilities were calculated by non-parametric Kaplan–Meier method and compared by log-rank test. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were implemented to assess the prognostic association.

Results
Median survival of the entire cohort was 14 months (95% confidence interval: 11–25). In multivariable analysis, two prognostic factors were independently associated with survival: Karnofsky performance status and carcinoembryonic antigen. Patients with Karnofsky performance status &lt;70 had significant higher risk of death than those with Karnofsky performance status ≥70 (adjusted hazard ratio 4.25, 95% confidence interval: 2.15–8.39). Higher risk of death was found to be associated with higher carcinoembryonic antigen: adjusted hazard ratio was 1.72 (95% confidence interval: 0.81–3.68) and 2.96 (95% confidence interval: 1.25–7.01) for patients with carcinoembryonic antigen 10–100 and &gt;100 ng/ml, respectively, while comparing with carcinoembryonic antigen &lt;10 ng/ml. The presence of peritoneal metastasis and grade-III tumour significantly worsened the survival in univariate analysis (hazard ratio 2.46, 95% confidence interval: 1.32–4.57 and hazard ratio 1.74, 95% confidence interval: 1.01–3.03, respectively) but not in multivariable analysis (adjusted hazard ratio 1.92, 95% confidence interval: 0.88–4.18 and adjusted hazard ratio 1.25, 95% confidence interval: 0.66–2.36, respectively).

Conclusion
The study reported survival of stage IV colorectal cancer patients undergo chemotherapy and identified that Karnofsky performance status and carcinoembryonic antigen are the poor prognostic factors to this cohort adjusting for other factors.
Do Youth Want Psychosocial Screenings in Diabetes Clinic? Profiles of Acceptability
Authors: Wong Jessie J , Hanes Sarah , Iturralde Esti , Lanning Monica S , Naranjo Diana , Tanenbaum Molly , Hood Korey K 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Aims
Psychosocial screenings are recommended and increasingly common in pediatric subspecialty clinics, though little is known about their acceptability. This study seeks to uncover profiles of acceptability and assess demographic and clinical correlates among adolescents with diabetes.

Methods
A sample of 124 adolescents (57.7% female) ages 12–21 years (M = 16.2 ± 2.3) completed screenings during routine diabetes appointments. K-means clustering of responses to acceptability items derived profiles; Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square tests assessed correlates.

Results
Adolescents with the most common profile (72.6%) placed high importance on medical providers’ awareness of their emotions and reported no difficulties/discomfort with the screener. These youth had moderate depressive symptoms, low diabetes distress, and low A1c. Those who fit a less common profile (18.5%) were uncomfortable with the screener and had the highest depressive symptoms and lowest A1c. Youth who fit a smaller profile (6.5%) endorsed technical difficulties and had high depressive symptoms and lowest diabetes distress. The smallest profile (2.4%, N = 3) had difficulty understanding and experienced discomfort with the screening and had the lowest depressive symptoms and the highest diabetes distress and A1c. These differences in depressive symptoms (F = 3.54, p = .017), A1c values (F = 4.03, p = .009), and diabetes distress (F = 3.27, p = .036) were significant though differences in age, gender, and diabetes duration were not.

Conclusions
Most youth responded favorably to in-clinic psychosocial screenings. Youth who were less satisfied were at increased risk for psychosocial and medical complications. Findings highlight areas of need, such as enhanced support with and an emphasized rationale for screenings, which may improve patient experience in subspecialty care.
International Exhaustion of Rights
Authors: Correa Carlos Maria 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the issue of exhaustion of rights. Article 6 disclaims any intent in the Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement to limit the Members’ freedom to regulate the issue of exhaustion of rights with regard to all types of intellectual property rights (IPRs). It declares the admissibility of the international exhaustion of rights, that is, the possibility of legally importing into a country a product protected by intellectual property rights, after the product has been legitimately put on the market in a foreign market. These imports—made by a party without the authorization of the title-holder but equally legal—are generally known as ‘parallel imports’. Moreover, Article 6 of the TRIPS Agreement has left Member countries freedom to incorporate the principle of exhaustion of rights into their domestic law with a national, regional, or international reach. The issue as such cannot be the subject matter of a dispute settlement under the Agreement.
Copyright and Related Rights
Authors: Correa Carlos Maria 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter assesses Section 1 of the Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement, which deals with ‘copyright and related rights’. It contains six Articles that supplement the Berne Convention. The premise for copyright—or authors’ rights—protection is that creation and cultural activities are stimulated by the granting of exclusive rights. In the absence of such rights, it is argued, the production and distribution on new works for the public would be jeopardized. As in the case of patents, several theories have been proposed to justify copyright protection, namely, natural law, a just reward for labor, the stimulation of creativity, and the social usefulness of copyright. It is necessary to bear in mind, however, that a large portion of creative works are developed without pursuing any protection against copying. The ‘open source’ model for software development is just an example of alternative paths to encourage creativity and innovation.
Layout-Designs (topographies) of Integrated Circuits
Authors: Correa Carlos Maria 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter demonstrates how World Trade Organization (WTO) Members are bound to accord the treatment provided for in the Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement to the natural or legal persons that meet the criteria of eligibility for protection provided for under the 1989 Washington Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits, subject to the exceptions to the national treatment principle provided for therein (Article 3.1 of the TRIPS Agreement). Section 6, Part II, of the TRIPS Agreement essentially obliges Members to comply with the Washington Treaty. This obligation applies irrespective of the fact that the Treaty never entered into force. The protection of integrated circuits is the newest chapter in the intellectual property field. The first country to introduce a sui generis regime with that purpose was the US in 1984, followed by Japan in May 1985. With Section 6 of the TRIPS Agreement, the US and Japan obtained what they were unable to reach with the negotiation of the Washington Treaty. The Agreement gave them an opportunity to correct what they deemed weaknesses of the Washington Treaty, notably, the provisions relating to compulsory licenses, importation of products containing infringing semiconductors, and innocent infringement.