bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depth Sensor–Based Assessment of Reachable Work Space for Visualizing and Quantifying Paretic Upper Extremity Motor Function in People With Stroke
Authors: Okuyama Kohei , Kawakami Michiyuki , Tsuchimoto Shohei , Ogura Miho , Okada Kohsuke , Mizuno Katsuhiro , Ushiba Junichi , Liu Meigen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundQuantitative evaluation of upper extremity (UE) motor function is important in people with hemiparetic stroke. A depth sensor–based assessment of reachable work space (RWS) was applied to visualize and quantify paretic UE motor function.ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to examine the characteristics of RWS and to assess its validity, reliability, measurement error, and responsiveness in people with hemiparetic stroke.DesignThis was a descriptive, repeated-measures, observational study.MethodsFifty-eight people with stroke participated. RWS was assessed on both paretic and nonparetic UEs, and the RWS ratio was determined by dividing the RWS of the paretic UE by that of the nonparetic UE. The concurrent validity of the RWS was determined by examining the relationship with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment UE motor score. Test-retest reproducibility was examined in 40 participants. Responsiveness was determined by examining the RWS results before and after 3 weeks of intensive training of the paretic UE in 32 participants.ResultsThe lower area of RWS bordering shoulder was significantly larger than the upper area, and the medial-lower area of RWS bordering shoulder was significantly larger than the lateral-lower area. The RWS ratio was highly correlated with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment UE motor score (r = 0.81). The RWS ratio showed good intrarater relative reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.94) and no fixed or proportional bias. The minimal detectable change of the RWS ratio was 16.6. The responsiveness of the RWS ratio was large (standardized response mean = 0.83).LimitationsInterexaminer reliability was not assessed.ConclusionsThe RWS assessment showed sufficient validity, reliability, and responsiveness in people with hemiparetic stroke. A depth sensor–based RWS evaluation is useful for visualizing and quantifying paretic UE motor function in the clinical setting.
Hazlitt, De Quincey, and the Politics of Slang
Authors: Covelo Roxanne 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Literary periodicals like the Quarterly Review and Blackwood’s Magazine were the crucible in which Romantic reputations were made and unmade, debated, compared, and sometimes cruelly slandered. Today, it is often the cruellest of these reviews that survive, cited smilingly by modern critics to demonstrate the originality of the authors in question and their reviewers’ ineptitude or resistance to change. The study of William Hazlitt (who receives what is admittedly some of the harshest treatment of the Romantic periodical press) is often approached in this manner. But without sufficient context, the mere recounting of these attacks may elide the subtleties of Romantic-era reviewing and its particular rules of engagement. The present study attempts a more even-handed approach. By focusing on a specific criticism of Hazlitt’s work—namely, his alleged over-use of slang—and by tracing this criticism through its different iterations across magazines, it provides a more nuanced account of Hazlitt’s reception and, by extension, of the professional culture of reviewing. To the same end, the study also considers the writing of Hazlitt’s contemporary and fellow essayist Thomas De Quincey, whose own use of slang is more frequent and more conspicuous than Hazlitt’s but who, for reasons both professional and political, is spared the same critical vitriol.
Follow-up results of myositis patients treated with H. P. Acthar gel
Authors: Saygin Didem , Oddis Chester V , Marder Galina , Moghadam-Kia Siamak , Nandkumar Preeya , Neiman Nicole , Dzanko Sedin , Koontz Diane , Aggarwal Rohit 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesIdiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a group of autoimmune diseases characterized by proximal muscle weakness. H. P. Acthar gel [repository corticotropin injection (RCI)] is a formulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone and has been approved by Food and Drug Administration for use in IIM; however, literature is limited. In this study, we report longitudinal follow-up of myositis patients treated with RCI.MethodsPatients with refractory IIM who were enrolled in the prospective, open-label RCI trial were included in this study. The post-trial follow-up period was 6 months with assessments every 2 months, which included myositis core set measures including extra-muscular global, muscle and patient global disease activities, HAQ, and manual muscle testing.ResultsTwo patients were lost to follow-up after finalization of the trial, and the remaining eight patients were enrolled in the follow-up study. One patient remained on RCI after the trial. In the follow-up period, four of eight patients had flare at on average 4.1 months after the RCI trial. Among the patients who flared, three required an increase in prednisone. One patient was restarted on RCI at 5.5 months, but had minimal improvement after 3 months. Four patients who remained stable continued to satisfy criteria for the definition of improvement through the 6-month follow-up. However, none showed any further improvement in the primary or secondary efficacy outcomes after the initial RCI trial.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the follow-up results of patients treated with standard dose and duration of Acthar. We believe that our study will provide the basis for the development of future randomized RCI trials in IIM.
Genomics to personalize care of prostate cancer
Authors: Connors Laurie M. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers for men in the United States. Nurse practitioners need to understand oncology care and potential applications of genetic and genomics for men with prostate cancer. Genetic testing options are available to assist in decision making regarding screening for prostate cancer and the treatment of prostate cancer. Translating and integrating genomic test results can assist health care providers, patients, and their families to determine optimal and personalized oncology care in prostate cancer.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment After Therapy in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Koopman Anna G.M.M. , Jenniskens Sjoerd F.M. , Fütterer Jurgen J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Prostate cancer is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. A variety of treatment options is available for localized prostate cancer and may range from active surveillance to focal therapy or whole gland treatment, that is, surgery or radiotherapy. Serum prostate-specific antigen levels are an important tool to monitor treatment success after whole gland treatment, unfortunately prostate-specific antigen is unreliable after focal therapy. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate is rapidly gaining field in the management of prostate cancer and may play a crucial role in the evaluation of recurrent prostate cancer. This article will focus on postprocedural magnetic resonance imaging after different forms of local therapy in patients with prostate cancer.
Identification of Key Therapy Ingredients for SLPs Serving on Multidisciplinary Teams Facilitating Return to Learn for Students With Prolonged Cognitive Effects After Concussion
Authors: Wright Jim , Sohlberg McKay Moore , Watson-Stites Ryann , McCart Melissa 
Published: February 2020

Purpose:This retrospective case series utilized clinical data mining (CDM) to understand the potential key components in an integrated treatment approach delivered by speech–language pathologists (SLPs) treating adolescents experiencing persistent cognitive effects postconcussion. The first purpose was to describe the profiles of students treated in our clinic, how they were treated, and the nature of multidisciplinary communication. The second purpose was to generate testable hypotheses about effective intervention options for this population.Methods:Fifteen students aged 13–18 years experiencing prolonged concussion symptoms (PCS) were referred to our SLP graduate training clinic by a local pediatric neuropsychologist for cognitive rehabilitation services. Clinical data mining extracted clinical data in 4 main categories: (a) student characteristics, (b) SLP treatment parameters, (c) clinical outcomes following SLP treatment, and (d) the nature of multidisciplinary communication between practitioners.Results:Aligned with risk factors for PCS as reported in the literature, data on student characteristics revealed that the majority of students had sustained multiple previous concussions and reported a history of depression/anxiety. Data on SLP treatment parameters identified metacognitive strategy instruction and the training of assistive technology for cognition as the most frequent interventions selected to address academic goals. Data showing the frequency and type of multidisciplinary communication revealed that SLPs communicated most often with the pediatric neuropsychologist and educational liaison. Clinical outcome data revealed that 12 of the 15 students achieved their academic goals at the time of discharge.Conclusions:Overall, CDM results suggested that when working in a multidisciplinary team, SLPs can provide cognitive rehabilitation, support symptom reduction, and deliver psychoeducation potentially effective for students experiencing PCS. Key treatment and outcome measurement issues important for developing testable interventions are discussed.
Word Learning in Aphasia
Authors: Coran Monica , Rodriguez-Fornells Antoni , Ramos-Escobar Neus , Laine Matti , Martin Nadine 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
Of current interest in aphasia research is the relevance of what we can learn from studying word learning ability in aphasia. In a preliminary study, we addressed 2 issues related to the novel word learning ability of individuals with aphasia. First, as word learning engages large-scale cognitive-linguistic systems (language skills, verbal short-term memory [STM], other memory and executive functions), we probed whether novel word learning practice in 3 people with aphasia could stimulate these language-related systems. Second, as lesion correlates affecting word learning in aphasia remain unclear, we examined whether the structural integrity of the left arcuate fasciculus (AF) in the same 3 individuals is related to outcomes of novel word learning practice.

Method:
To stimulate word learning systems, our 3 participants practiced for 4 weeks with an explicit novel word—novel referent word learning task, adopted from the Ancient Farming Equipment learning paradigm (Laine & Salmelin, 2010). The participants' progress on receptive and expressive novel word learning was followed up, and their language and verbal STM abilities as well as single-session novel word learning (Learning to Name Aliens by Gupta, Martin, Abbs, Schwartz, & Lipinski, 2006) were tested before and after the practice period. To address the second question, we analyzed the participants' structural magnetic resonance images with respect to the integrity of the left AF and its overlap with the lesion areas.

Results:
All participants showed some receptive word learning in the trained task, as well as improvements in verbal STM span at posttesting. Two of the 3 participants also showed improved performance on some of the language outcome measures. One participant with a partially spared left AF, especially temporoparietal connections, exhibited better word learning performance than the other 2 who had larger damage and disconnection of the AF.

Conclusions:
Although the present results are preliminary, they open the possibility that novel word learning practice in aphasia may stimulate remaining word learning mechanisms in aphasia and thereby influence language and verbal STM abilities. These results also suggest that preservation of novel word learning ability in aphasia in part depends on the integrity of the left arcuate track.
Fast assessment of human receptor-binding capability of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)
Authors: Huang Qiang , Herrmann Andreas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe outbreaks of 2002/2003 SARS, 2012/2015 MERS and 2019/2020 Wuhan respiratory syndrome clearly indicate that genome evolution of an animal coronavirus (CoV) may enable it to acquire human transmission ability, and thereby to cause serious threats to global public health. It is widely accepted that CoV human transmission is driven by the interactions of its spike protein (S-protein) with human receptor on host cell surface; so, quantitative evaluation of these interactions may be used to assess the human transmission capability of CoVs. However, quantitative methods directly using viral genome data are still lacking. Here, we perform large-scale protein-protein docking to quantify the interactions of 2019-nCoV S-protein receptor-binding domain (S-RBD) with human receptor ACE2, based on experimental SARS-CoV S-RBD-ACE2 complex structure. By sampling a large number of thermodynamically probable binding conformations with Monte Carlo algorithm, this approach successfully identified the experimental complex structure as the lowest-energy receptor-binding conformations, and hence established an experiment-based strength reference for evaluating the receptor-binding affinity of 2019-nCoV via comparison with SARS-CoV. Our results show that this binding affinity is about 73% of that of SARS-CoV, supporting that 2019-nCoV may cause human transmission similar to that of SARS-CoV. Thus, this study presents a method for rapidly assessing the human transmission capability of a newly emerged CoV and its mutant strains, and demonstrates that post-genome analysis of protein-protein interactions may provide early scientific guidance for viral prevention and control.
Phylogenomics of monitor lizards and the role of competition in dictating body size disparity
Authors: Brennan Ian G. , Lemmon Alan R. , Lemmon Emily Moriarty , Portik Daniel M. , Weijola Valter , Welton Luke , Donnellan Stephen C. , Keogh J.Scott 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOrganismal interactions drive the accumulation of diversity by influencing species ranges, morphology, and behavior. Interactions vary from agonistic to cooperative and should result in predictable patterns in trait and range evolution. However, despite a conceptual understanding of these processes, they have been difficult to model, particularly on macroevolutionary timescales and across broad geographic spaces. Here we investigate the influence of biotic interactions on trait evolution and community assembly in monitor lizards (Varanus). Monitors are an iconic radiation with a cosmopolitan distribution and the greatest size disparity of any living terrestrial vertebrate genus. Between the colossal Komodo dragonVaranus komodoensisand the smallest Australian dwarf goannas,Varanuslength and mass vary by multiple orders of magnitude. To test the hypothesis that size variation in this genus was driven by character displacement, we extended existing phylogenetic comparative methods which consider lineage interactions to account for dynamic biogeographic history and apply these methods to Australian monitors and marsupial predators. We use a phylogenomic approach to estimate the relationships among living and extinct varaniform lizards, incorporating both exon-capture molecular and morphological datasets. Our results suggest that communities of AustralianVaranusshow high functional diversity as a result of continent-wide interspecific competition among monitors but not with faunivorous marsupials. We demonstrate that patterns of trait evolution resulting from character displacement on continental scales are recoverable from comparative data and highlight that these macroevolutionary patterns may develop in parallel across widely distributed sympatric groups.
Fast Transport of RNA Granules by Direct Interactions with KIF5A/KLC1 Motors Prevents Axon Degeneration
Authors: Fukuda Yusuke , Pazyra-Murphy Maria F. , Tasdemir-Yilmaz Ozge E. , Li Yihang , Rose Lillian , Yeoh Zoe C. , Vangos Nicholas E. , Geffken Ezekiel A. , Seo Hyuk-Soo , Adelmant Guillaume , Bird Gregory H. , Walensky Loren D. , Marto Jarrod A. , Dhe-Paganon Sirano , Segal Rosalind A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractComplex neural circuitry requires stable connections formed by lengthy axons. To maintain these functional circuits, fast transport delivers RNAs to distal axons where they undergo local translation. However, the mechanism that enables long distance transport of non-membrane enclosed organelles such as RNA granules is not known. Here we demonstrate that a complex containing RNA and the RNA-binding protein (RBP) SFPQ interacts directly with a tetrameric kinesin containing the adaptor KLC1 and the motor KIF5A. We show that binding of SFPQ to KIF5A/KLC1 motor complex is required for axon survival and is impacted by KIF5A mutations that cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) Disease. Moreover, therapeutic approaches that bypass the need for local translation of SFPQ-bound proteins prevent axon degeneration in CMT models. Collectively, these observations show that non-membrane enclosed organelles can move autonomously and that replacing axonally translated proteins provides a therapeutic approach to axonal degenerative disorders.
ConditionalLpar1gene targeting identifies cell types mediating neuropathic pain
Authors: Rivera Richard R. , Lin Mu-En , Bornhop Emily C. , Chun Jerold 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTLPA1is one of the six known receptors (LPA1-6) for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). ConstitutiveLpar1null mutant mice have been instrumental in identifying roles for LPA-LPA1signaling in neurobiological processes, brain development, and behavior as well as modelling human neurological diseases like neuropathic pain. ConstitutiveLpar1null mutant mice are protected from partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL)-induced neuropathic pain, howeverLpar1expressing cell types that are functionally responsible for mediating this protective effect are unknown. Here we report generation of aLpar1flox/floxconditional null mutant mouse that allows cre-mediated conditional deletion combined with its use in a PSNL pain model.Lpar1flox/floxmice were crossed withcretransgenic lines driven by neural gene promoters fornestin(all neural cells),synapsin(neurons), orP0(Schwann cells).CD11b-cretransgenic mice were also used to deleteLpar1in microglia. PSNL-initiated pain responses were reduced following cre-mediatedLpar1deletion with all 3 neural promoters but not the microglial promoter, supporting involvement of Schwann cells and central and/or peripheral neurons in mediating pain. Interestingly, rescue responses that were due to conditional deletion were non-identical, implicating distinct roles forLpar1-expressing cell types. Our results with a newLpar1conditional mouse mutant expand an understanding of LPA1signaling in the PSNL model of neuropathic pain.
Similarities in the behaviour of dance followers among honey bee species suggest a conserved mechanism of dance communication
Authors: George Ebi Antony , Pimplikar Smruti , Thulasi Neethu , Brockmann Axel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGroup living organisms rely on intra-group communication to adjust individual and collective behavioural decisions. Complex communication systems are predominantly multimodal and combine modulatory and information bearing signals. The honey bee waggle dance, one of the most elaborate forms of communication in invertebrates, stimulates nestmates to search for food and communicates symbolic information about the location of the food source. Previous studies on the dance behaviour in diverse honey bee species demonstrated distinct differences in the combination of visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile signals produced by the dancer. We now studied the behaviour of the receivers of the dance signals, the dance followers, to explore the significance of the different signals in the communication process. In particular, we ask whether there are differences in the behaviour of dance followers between the 3 major Asian honey bee species,A. florea, A. dorsata and A. cerana, and whether these might correlate with the differences in the signals produced by the dancing foragers. Our comparison demonstrates that the behaviour of the dance followers is highly conserved across all 3 species despite the differences in the dance signals. The highest number of followers was present lateral to the dancer throughout the waggle run, and the mean body orientation of the dance followers with respect to the waggle dancer was close to 90° throughout the run for all 3 species. These findings suggest that dance communication might be more conserved than implied by the differences in the signals produced by the dancer. Along with studies inA. mellifera, our results indicate that all honey bee species rely on tactile contacts between the dancer and follower to communicate spatial information. The cues and signals that differ between the species may be involved in attracting the followers towards the dancer in the different nest environments.
Tumor susceptibility gene-101 regulates glucocorticoid receptor through disorder-mediated allostery
Authors: White Jordan T. , Rives James , Tharp Marla E. , Wrabl James O. , Thompson E. Brad , Hilser Vincent J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTumor Susceptibility Gene-101 (TSG101) is involved in endosomal maturation and has been implicated in the transcriptional regulation of several steroid hormone receptors (SHRs), although a detailed characterization of such regulation has yet to be conducted. Here we directly measure binding of TSG101 to one SHR, glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Using biophysical and cellular assays, we show that the coiled-coil domain of TSG101; 1) binds and folds the disordered N-terminal domain (NTD) of GR, 2) upon binding, improves DNA-binding of GRin vitro, and 3) enhances the transcriptional activity of GRin vivo. Our findings suggest that TSG101 is abona fidetranscriptional co-regulator of GR.
CRISPR-mediated biocontainment
Authors: Castanon Oscar , Smith Cory J. , Khoshakhlagh Parastoo , Ferreira Raphael , Güell Marc , Said Khaled , Yildiz Ramazan , Dysart Matthew , Wang Stan , Thompson David , Myllykallio Hannu , Church George M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe have exploited the repetitive nature of transposable elements of the human genome to generate synthetic circuits. Transposable elements such as LINE-1 and Alu have successfully replicated in mammalian genomes throughout evolution to reach a copy number ranging from thousands to more than a million. Targeting these repetitive elements with programmable DNA nucleases such as CRISPR-Cas9 rapidly induce extremely high levels of cell death. We use this genotoxic feature to build synthetic biocontainment circuits: CRISPR defense system (CRISPR-DS) capable of preventing CRISPR genome editing, and we introduce the proof-of-concept of CRISPR Safety-Switch, an inducible, stringent and non-leaky kill-switch capable of clearing out cell lines resistant to DNA breaks.