bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract A094: The relationship between migration and integration stressors and tobacco use in a migrant Mixteco community
Authors: Lopez Gilberto , Mattie Heather , Rees Vaughan , Williams David R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of chronic disease morbidity and mortality across the world. In the U.S., Latinos have a lower prevalence of smoking when compared to other ethnic/racial groups, but when disaggregated there exist significant differences within Latino subgroups (Bandeira et al., 2015). In the scientific literature, little attention has been given to tobacco use among indigenous Mexican migrants. This study analyzes the relationship between experiences (stressors) linked to migration and tobacco use in an indigenous Mixteco migrant community. Migration stressors include the negative experiences on an individual's journey to the United States while integration stressors are the negative experiences of integrating into society once arriving in the U.S. We hypothesize that there is a significant relationship between the level of migration and integration stressors and tobacco use. A sample of 901 indigenous Mixteco participants from a high-emigrating town in the southern Mexican state of Oaxaca completed structured questionnaires focused on migration history, demographics, and health outcomes. In the US, cross-sectional data were collected in the corresponding satellite communities in southern California. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata 15 and R version 3.4.3. We generated descriptive statistics for sample characteristics, which are stratified by gender (men/women) and tested for association. A series of logistic regression models were used to predict the association between migration stressors and integration stressors and cigarette smoking. This study yields new information on the relationship between migration, integration, and tobacco use among indigenous Mexican migrants. Although the primary predictor of interest showed no significant association with our outcome, certain findings add to the existing literature on migration and health. These findings include gendered differences in smoking, higher odds of smoking among return migrants, and higher odds of smoking among English language speakers.
Citation Format: Gilberto Lopez, Heather Mattie, Vaughan Rees, David R. Williams. The relationship between migration and integration stressors and tobacco use in a migrant Mixteco community [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A094.
Abstract A096: Smartphone use and accessibility to Internet by cancer patients in a socioeconomically diverse community
Authors: Potdar Rashmika R. , Thomas Arun , Dourado Claudia , Mohiuddin Kamran , Djibo Djeneba Audrey M. , Leighton John C. , Ford Jean G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Hospitals are increasingly using different patient engagement platforms to improve patient education, engagement, and satisfaction. Most of these patient engagement platforms are smartphone based. This requires patient awareness and understanding of basic technology. Einstein Medical Center serves a large socioeconomically and racially diverse population in North Philadelphia. We undertook a feasibility study before introducing any patient education/engagement platforms in our population. Our primary objective was to assess the use of smartphones and Internet by cancer patients in a socioeconomically diverse population. Our secondary objective was to assess feasibility of introducing technological platforms to improve patient education, engagement and satisfaction.
Methods: A onetime cross-sectional survey of patients attending the outpatient clinic and infusion center were interviewed by a trained interviewer during a one-week period in July 2018. The questionnaire was designed to assess demographic information, questions related to patients' smartphone and Internet availability, and use for health.
Results: We surveyed 75 patients in one week (N=75). Their ages ranged from 21 to 91 years old. There were 25 (33.3%) male and 50 (66.7%) female patients. Around 32 patients had at least a college education and 42 had a high school level education or less. 53 (71.6%) patients owned a smartphone and all of those owners could browse the Internet and download applications on their phone. 20 (26.67%) patients used an iPhone platform and 34 (45.33%) patients used an Android smartphone. Most of the patients who had a smartphone were willing to download applications that can help monitor their cancer and health.
Conclusion: Though our hospital is located in a socioeconomically disadvantaged area, the vast majority of patients own a smartphone and are willing to use them to monitor their cancer care. We can confidently use this technological advancement to help improve patient education, engagement, and satisfaction in this setting.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.
Citation Format: Rashmika R. Potdar, Arun Thomas, Claudia Dourado, Kamran Mohiuddin, Djeneba Audrey M. Djibo, John C. Leighton, Jean G. Ford. Smartphone use and accessibility to Internet by cancer patients in a socioeconomically diverse community [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A096.
Abstract A101: Hair cortisol measurement in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Hann Hie-Won , Yang Hushan , Meyer Jerrold , Juon Hee-Soon 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives: It is known that chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection exerts suppressive effects on the host innate and adaptive immune responses. Although there is information about liver disease progression of CHB patients and the adverse effects of stress on the immune system, few studies focus on the effects of chronic stress in CHB patients. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to measure hair cortisol in CHB patients. To address the prolonged exposure to stress associated with CHB diagnosis, we explored the measure of the stress hormone cortisol (CORT) in the hair as a biomarker of chronic stress in CHB patients.
Methods: Eligible CHB patients identified from an existing patient cohort were enrolled in this prospective study. Data collection were done using medical chart reviews, face-to-face interview in Korean or English, and hair and blood samples. Hair samples were cut from the posterior vertex of the scalp, as close to the scalp as possible. Hair CORT in the most proximal 3-cm scalp hair segment was analyzed using luminescence immunoassay.
Results: We collected hair samples of 50 CHB patients (age 34-74 years) with duration of HBV diagnosis (1-51 years, 23.8±10). Hair samples weighing 19.6 - 29.9 mg were processed and analyzed for cortisol. Mean cortisol levels were 16.42 pg/mg (27.59 SD) ranging from 2.7 to 168.1 pg/mg. About 16% had below normal HCC (&lt;5.5 pg/mg). The rate of distress measured by Distress Thermometer (DT) (defined by the DT cutoff &gt;=4) was 48%. Distress was positively correlated with hair CORT (r=.395, p&lt;.05) among those with below normal CORT.
Conclusion: About one fifth of the patients had very low hair cortisol levels, suggesting long-term suppression of hair cortisol production in the course of HBV diagnosis and antiviral therapy. Low hair cortisol level might indicate a specific pathogenic mechanism with cortisol production. This study suggests further research to determine the longitudinal effects of chronic stress on hair cortisol levels and chronic liver disease progression in CHB patients.
Citation Format: Hie-Won Hann, Hushan Yang, Jerrold Meyer, Hee-Soon Juon. Hair cortisol measurement in chronic hepatitis B patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A101.
Abstract A110: Racial disparities in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: A population-based study
Authors: Gad Mohamed M. , Saad Anas M. , Obaid Mariam A. , Husseini Muneer J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Bladder cancer is among the most common cancers in the U.S. with an estimated 81,190 new cases diagnosed in 2018 as well as 17,240 estimated deaths. The vast majority, around 90%, of bladder cancer cases are transitional cell carcinoma. Due to the significant burden of the disease, and disparities in access to medical care, we aim to study the survival of patients diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma based on ethnicity.
Methods: Data of White and Black patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder diagnosed between 1973 and 2014 were obtained using the SEER database. We compared the overall and cancer-specific survival of patients using Kaplan-Meier test and Cox models.
Results: We reviewed a total of 199,535 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, of whom 10,263 were blacks, while the others were whites. The median overall survival of white patients was 103 months (95%CI, 102.0.34-103.966), which was significantly better than the overall survival of black patients, which was 64 months (95%CI, 60.373-67.627). Bladder cancer-specific survival was also better for whites when compared to blacks. When we adjusted age, sex, grade and stage of cancer, and undergoing surgery for bladder cancer, being black was associated with worse overall survival outcomes and cancer-specific survival outcomes (HR=1.263, 95%CI [1.227-1.300], P&lt;.001) and (HR=1.396, 95%CI [1.342-1.451] P&lt;.001), respectively.
Conclusions: Our results show that significant differences in cancer-specific survival between ethnicities with the majority of diagnosed patients being Whites, while Blacks are suffering from worse survival outcomes. More research can shine a light on the underlying reasons why ethnicity is a significant factor affecting the survival of patients with bladder cancer.
Citation Format: Mohamed M. Gad, Anas M. Saad, Mariam A. Obaid, Muneer J. Husseini. Racial disparities in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: A population-based study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A110.
Abstract A116: University of Guam/University of Hawaii Cancer Center Partnership leads areca (betel) nut research in the Pacific Islands
Authors: Paulino Yvette C. , Biggs Laura , Buente Wayne , Dalisay Francis S. , Farrar Christine E. , Franke Adrian , Hernandez Brenda Y. , Mendez Ana Joy , Penner Reinhold , Pokhrel Pallav , Robinett Hali , Yang Jian , Herzog Thaddeus A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Areca (betel) nut chewing is the 4th most used psychoactive substance in the world and is chewed by approximately 600 million people in the world. In Monograph 85 (2004), the International Agency for Research on Cancer deemed betel nut chewing with and without tobacco an oral carcinogen. In 2006, the NCI-sponsored University of Guam/University of Hawaii Cancer Center Partnership to Advance Cancer Health Equity began to identify areas in the monograph where research efforts were needed, and thus initiated betel nut research in the Western Pacific. Some countries in this region have reported rates of oral cancer mortality as high as 80% compared to the average worldwide 5-year cumulative of less than 50%. Over the past 12 years, a research framework to study betel nut exposure and oral cancer outcomes has evolved within the partnership. To date, 11 betel nut studies have been funded by this partnership: three molecular studies, three population measures studies, three mechanistic studies, and two prevention studies, including an intervention trial. Of the 11 studies, the majority of the research is focused on the measurement of betel nut exposure and carcinogenicity (55%), followed by the measurement of pathological changes (27%) and the prevention of oral cancer (18%). The partnership's investment has resulted in numerous community collaborations, 18 peer-reviewed publications (13 in population sciences and 5 in basic sciences), and contributions to policy prohibiting the sale of betel nut to minors. Betel nut research faculty are also involved in other federally funded research studies with a betel nut component in the Western Pacific region. The partnership's Betel Nut Research Group will continue to strengthen its research infrastructure, contribute to the scientific literature related to betel nut chewing, expand the research to other health outcomes, and translate the findings into appropriate practices, programs, and policies to control and prevent betel nut-associated cancer and other health outcomes in Pacific Island communities.
Citation Format: Yvette C. Paulino, Laura Biggs, Wayne Buente, Francis S. Dalisay, Christine E. Farrar, Adrian Franke, Brenda Y. Hernandez, Ana Joy Mendez, Reinhold Penner, Pallav Pokhrel, Hali Robinett, Jian Yang, Thaddeus A. Herzog. University of Guam/University of Hawaii Cancer Center Partnership leads areca (betel) nut research in the Pacific Islands [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A116.
Abstract B033: Breast cancer and other cause of death among adult women in rural Ethiopia: Presentation and duration of suffering using the direct sisterhood method
Authors: Manamo Wondimu Ayele , Nuramo Adamu Addissie , Andreas Wienke , Gash Fikre Enquselassi , Kantelhardt Eva J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In Ethiopia, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality among women. Studies on breast cancer death are very scarce in Ethiopia. Moreover, little is known about breast cancer compared to other causes of death in Ethiopia, particularly in a rural setting, where there is no registration about the cause of death. Hence, the present study assessed breast cancer and other deaths with a special focus on the duration of suffering in a rural setting using the direct sisterhood method.
Methods: We determined the pattern of causes of death among randomly selected adult women in rural Ethiopia. A modified standard verbal autopsy (VA) questionnaire was filled and reviewed by two independent local physicians to assign causes of death; contradicting diagnoses were reviewed by a third physician. Descriptive statistics with relative frequencies and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on the basis of the binomial distribution were used. Duration of suffering was taken from the standard verbal autopsy questionnaire.
Result: The median age of breast cancer death was 37 years, younger than the other cause of death. Breast cancer deaths were the second leading neoplasm responsible for 2.7% of all deaths (95% CI 1.5%-3.7%) and among top five noncommunicable diseases death. The median duration of illness for breast cancer deaths, which accounted for only 2.7% of the total cause of death, was above one year. Reproductive neoplasms, breast cancer, and epilepsy were those three causes of deaths with the largest proportion of women (more than 70%) suffering for more than six months compared to all other causes of death.
Conclusion and Recommendation: Breast cancer deaths occurred in younger age groups than other causes of death. This age is considered a young age group as compared to the country overall lifespan. The very long duration of illness for a considerable number of women has practical implications to introduce palliatives care for a cancer patient. Substantial efforts need to be made to improve the prevention and control of breast cancer in order to reduce premature death of women.
Citation Format: Wondimu Ayele Manamo, Adamu Addissie Nuramo, Wienke Andreas, Fikre Enquselassi Gash, Eva J. Kantelhardt. Breast cancer and other cause of death among adult women in rural Ethiopia: Presentation and duration of suffering using the direct sisterhood method [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B033.
Abstract B046: SAHA and EGCG reduce breast cancer migration, possibly through modulation of cIAP2
Authors: Lewis Kayla A. , Tollefsbol Trygve O. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Pathways of proliferation, apoptosis, and migration are interconnected. This crosstalk has implications in embryonic development and differentiation, as well as cancer. cIAP2 is an inhibitor of apoptosis that has the ability to indirectly activate genes involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through controlling ERK/MAPK, TGF-beta, and NF-kappa beta pathways. In this study we used two epigenome-modifying compounds: SAHA, which is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, and EGCG, which is a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibiting green tea polyphenol. We found that SAHA and EGCG were capable of reducing the migration of four breast cancer cell lines across a fibronectin (FN) matrix. Since cIAP2 can upregulate the expression of FN through TGF-beta, we also investigated the expression of cIAP2 in breast cancer cells with the treatment of SAHA and EGCG and found reduced levels of cIAP2. We conducted apoptosis assays to determine if the decrease in cIAP2 resulted in an increase in breast cancer cell apoptosis. Finally, we evaluated the effects of SAHA and EGCG on mammosphere formation. Mammospheres result when EMT is induced in immortalized or cancerous breast cells. We found that mammosphere formation decreased with the administration of SAHA and EGCG. These findings demonstrate the ability of SAHA and EGCG to reduce breast cancer cell migration while increasing apoptosis through interconnected pathways. Future studies will explore the specific epigenetic modifications associated with the decrease in cIAP2 expression.
Citation Format: Kayla A. Lewis, Trygve O. Tollefsbol. SAHA and EGCG reduce breast cancer migration, possibly through modulation of cIAP2 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B046.
Abstract B064: Investigation of the breast microbiome and mucosal immune system in African American and non-Hispanic White women with and without breast cancer: A pilot study
Authors: Smith Alana , Reed Breia , Pierre Joseph F. , Lyn-Cook Beverly , Starlard-Davenport Athena 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Growing evidence shows that an imbalance in the breast microbiome due to inflammation may give rise to cancer development, particularly in non-Hispanic white women. However, there is a lack of data on the role of the breast microbiome among African American women. Since African American women are more likely to develop aggressive forms of breast cancer and die from the disease, we hypothesize that distinct microbial signatures exist in the breast and these signatures differ between normal and breast cancer tissues by race. Using 16S rDNA hypervariable tag sequencing, we identified distinct microbial signatures between normal (n = 40) and breast tumor (n = 61) tissues samples from African American and non-Hispanic white women. Women with breast cancer had a higher abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Bacteroides, and Streptococcus when compared to women without breast cancer. African American breast tumors (n = 27) had lower abundance of the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria compared to non-Hispanic white breast tumors (n = 34). We further evaluated expression of genes involved in immune response using the Innate and Adaptive RT2 Profiler PCR microarray in breast cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues from the same donor. Expression of several inflammatory response genes, including CD8, TLR8, and GATA3, were significantly increased in breast tumors compared to adjacent normal breast tissues from the same donor. This study provides preliminary evidence of a breast microbiome in African American women and supports further investigation to identify a microbial risk signature for breast cancer and potential microbial-based prevention therapies.
Citation Format: Alana Smith, Breia Reed, Joseph F. Pierre, Beverly Lyn-Cook, Athena Starlard-Davenport. Investigation of the breast microbiome and mucosal immune system in African American and non-Hispanic White women with and without breast cancer: A pilot study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B064.