bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AWAPer: An R package for area weighted catchment daily meteorological data anywhere within Australia
Authors: Peterson Tim J. , Wasko Conrad , Saft Margarita , Peel Murray C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMeteorological time‐series data are a fundamental input to hydrological investigations. But sourcing data is often laborious and plagued with difficulties. In an effort to improve efficiency and rigor we present an R‐package, named AWAPer (https://github.com/peterson-tim-j/AWAPer), for the efficient estimation of daily area weighted catchment average and spatial variance of meteorological variables, including evapotranspiration. The package allows creation and updating of a data‐cube of gridded daily data from 1900 onwards. Once created, point and area weighted estimates can be extracted at user‐defined locations and time periods for anywhere within Australia. Examples of point and catchment average extraction are presented.
Managerial entrenchment, financial constraints, and investment choice in unlisted firms
Authors: Ranasinghe Dinithi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper examines how internally generated cash is allocated for investment in unlisted firms in the post‐global financial crisis period. We estimate models using a panel data set from unlisted firms in the United Kingdom from 2009 to 2014. With the use of a commercially available credit rating and a widely used index in the literature to proxy for external financial constraints, the paper concludes that less financially constrained firms display a higher investment‐cash flow sensitivity. This association has been consistent across the post‐global financial crisis period. We find some evidence to suggest that investment inefficiencies reduce investment‐cash flow sensitivity, and this is intensified in the presence of external financial constraints. We extend the investment choice literature in the presence of financial constraints using evidence from unlisted firms. We also enhance the investment choice literature by incorporating the managerial entrenchment effect along with financial constraints. Provision of financial support for private entities is a crucial policy focus for any government. We call for policymakers to enhance microfinancing options for unlisted firms to reduce the impact from external financial frictions.
The impact of intercellular communication for the generation of complex multicellular prevascularized tissue equivalents
Authors: Heller Martin , Bauer Heide‐Katharina , Schwab Roxana , Blatt Sebastian , Peters Katharina , Nezi‐Cahn Sandra , Unger Ronald E. , Hasenburg Annette , Brenner Walburgis 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn reconstructive surgery the use of prevascularized soft tissue equivalents is a promising approach for wound coverage of defects after tumor resection or trauma. However, in previous studies to generate soft tissue equivalents on collagen membranes, microcapillaries were restricted to superficial areas. In this study, to understand which factors were involved in the formation of these microcapillaries, the levels of the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the supernatants of the tissue equivalents were examined at various time points and conditions. Additionally, the influence of these factors on viability, proliferation, migration, and tube formation in monocultures compared to cocultures of fibroblast and endothelial cells was examined. The results showed that VEGF production was decreased in cocultures compared to fibroblast monocultures and the lowest VEGF levels were observed in endothelial cell monocultures. Additionally, the highest levels of IL‐8 were observed in cocultures compared to monocultures. Similar results were observed for bFGF with lowest levels seen within the first 24 hr and highest levels in cocultures. VEGF and IL‐8 were shown to promote endothelial cell viability, proliferation and migration and angiogenic parameters such as tube density, total tube length, and number of tube branches. Addition of VEGF and IL‐8 to cocultures resulted in accelerated and denser formation of capillary‐like structures. The results indicate that VEGF, IL‐8, and bFGF strongly influence cellular behavior of endothelial cells and this information should be useful in promoting the formation of microcapillary‐like structures in complex tissue equivalents.
Research on the drag reduction mechanism of antlion (Myrmeleon sagax) larvae nonsmooth structural surface
Authors: Tong Jin , Wu Baoguang , Song Zelai , Gao Zibo , Sun Jiyu , Ma Yunhai , Zhuang Jian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAntlion (Myrmeleon sagax) larvae live in sandy soil and possess the ability to enter soil quickly. In this article, the hierarchical structure of the nonsmooth surface of antlion larvae was obtained using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Based on the results, a bionic nonsmooth structure model was established to investigate the friction and movement of soil particles above it. Then the relationship between drag reduction characteristics and the antlion larvae's nonsmooth structural surface was discussed, which would be helpful to design soil‐engaging components. When the height of each nonsmooth structure is proportional to the square of their interval distance, and is proportional to the velocity of movement, it is shown that a nonsmooth structural surface contributes to improving the bulk coefficient of granular materials, which leads to substantial drag reduction.
Ultrasound‐assisted synthesis of novel spiro[indoline‐3,5′‐pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine] derivatives using Fe3O4@Propylsilane@Histidine[HSO4−] as an effective magnetic nanocatalyst
Authors: Mousavifar Seyyedeh Masoumeh , Kefayati Hassan , Shariati Shahab 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA simple, economical, three‐component, and one‐pot synthesis of novels spiro[indoline‐3,5′‐pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine] derivatives by condensation of dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate, isatin derivatives, and 6‐amino‐1,3‐dimethyluracil in presence of Fe3O4@Propylsilane@Histidine[HSO4−] as an impressive catalyst via reflux and ultrasound procedure is described. The results show that ultrasound method has several advantages such as milder condition, shorter reaction time, and higher reaction yield.
Antibiotic envelope is associated with reduction in cardiac implantable electronic devices infections especially for high‐power device—Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pranata Raymond , Tondas Alexander Edo , Vania Rachel , Yuniadi Yoga 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundInfections after cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) placement are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The incidence of CIED is increasing overtime despite the optimal use of antimicrobial agents. This systematic review and meta‐analysis will address the latest evidence on the use of AE to mitigate the risk of CIED infection, and which subset of patients will they benefit the most.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive search on topics that assesses antibiotic envelope and implantable cardiac electronic device up until August 2019.ResultsThere were a total of 32,329 subjects from six studies. Antibiotic envelope was associated with a lower risk of major infection with OR 0.42 [0.19, 0.97], P = .04; I2: 58% and HR 0.52 [0.32, 0.85], P = .009; I2: 80%. Upon sensitivity analysis by removing a study, the OR became 0.40 [0.27, 0.59], P < .001; I2: 46%. Subgroup analysis for 12 months’ infection was OR 0.65 [0.43, 0.99], P = .04; I2: 49%. Meta‐analysis of propensity‐matched cohort showed a reduced risk of infection with AE (OR of 0.14 [0.05, 0.41], P < .001; I2:0%). Mortality was similar in both AE and control groups. Antibiotic envelope reduced the incidence of infection in patients receiving high‐power device (OR 0.44 [0.27, 0.73], P = .001; I2:0%) but not low‐power device.ConclusionAntibiotic envelope (TYRX) was found to be safe and effective in reducing the risk of major infections in high‐risk patients receiving CIED implantation, especially in those receiving high‐power CIED.
Insight into molecular characteristics of a Chinese coal via separation, characterization, and data processing
Authors: Yu Guo , Fan Xing , Dong Xue‐Ming , Wang Rui‐Yu , Zhao Yun‐Peng , Bai Hong‐Cun , Zhao Tian‐Sheng , Guo Qing‐Jie , Wei Xian‐Yong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDayan lignite was subjected to thermal dissolution sequentially with cyclohexane, acetone, and methanol. Each thermal dissolution extract was subjected to further separation/enrichment using column chromatography, which was sequentially eluted with petroleum ether, a mixture of ethyl acetate and petroleum ether (vol:vol = 1:1), and ethyl acetate. The three thermal dissolution extracts and nine enrichment subfractions were characterized by an Orbitrap mass spectrometry equipped with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion source. The mass spectrometry data were also statistically analyzed by principal component analysis, which can reduce the dimensionality of data and classify multiple samples according to principal components. Identified compounds in the extracts and subfractions are classified into eight classes according to the heteroatom distribution. Hydrocarbon class is mainly presented in the petroleum ether fraction, and oxygen class, nitrogen class, and oxygen‐nitrogen class are distributed in both petroleum ether/ethyl acetate and ethyl acetate subfractions. The combination of different analytical methods enhances the understanding of coal at the molecular level and provides important data for downstream refining processes.
Effect of debittered fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum L.) flour addition on physical, nutritional, antioxidant, and sensory properties of wheat flour rusk
Authors: Dhull Sanju Bala , Punia Sneh , Sandhu Kawaljit Singh , Chawla Prince , Kaur Ramandeep , Singh Ajay 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum) is a unique legume crop having many pharmacological properties and health benefits attributed to its high soluble dietary fiber and phytochemicals. The main objective of this study was to evaluate selected functional and physical (color and pasting) properties of debittered fenugreek flour (DFF) and its addition on the nutritional value and acceptance of wheat flour rusk, prepared with 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% DFF. The antioxidant potential and sensory attributes of DFF‐added rusks were also analyzed. The results revealed that with successive increase of DFF level, the nutritional, mineral, dietary fiber, and bioactive contents of the rusks were significantly (p ≤ .05) enhanced. The progressive replacement at 0% to 20% level significantly (p ≤ .05) improved the total phenolic content (157.5 to 455.8 mg GAE per 100 g), total flavonoid content (5.5 to 8.2 mg CE per 100 g), and antioxidant activity (20.4% to 45.5%). DFF incorporation significantly (p ≤ .05) increased the water and oil absorption capacity, whereas peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity, setback viscosity, and peak temperature were decreased. The color of rusks became darker, the loaf weight and hardness increased, whereas loaf volume and specific loaf volume values were decreased with DFF addition. Sensory attributes of rusks were slightly affected with DFF incorporation, and rusks with 15% DFF were found most desirable with significantly (p ≤ .05) enhanced nutritional, antioxidant, and sensory characteristics. The results of the present study demonstrated that incorporation of DFF at acceptable level could be achieved successfully for preparation of bakery product with enhanced nutritional and sensory quality.
Separating caprine (Capra/Ovis) distal tibiae: A case study from the Polish Neolithic
Authors: Gron Kurt J. , Rowley‐Conwy Peter , Jensen Theis Zetner Trolle , Taurozzi Alberto J. , Marciniak Arkadiusz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDistinguishing the skeletal remains of sheep (Ovis aries) from goats (Capra hircus) is a fundamental and habitual problem in zooarchaeology. Such a distinction is desirable because the taxa can be raised to serve variable purposes, are behaviourally different and are biologically dissimilar; all factors influencing their role in past human economies. Although considerable effort has been spent exploring various methods for their distinction in the Near East, in the Mediterranean world, and in modern populations, the rarity of Neolithic caprines north of the Alps has meant that distinction has not been attempted on any systematic basis. In this study, we present the first attempt to do so, using one of the more problematic elements, the distal tibia, to investigate the caprine remains from Racot 18, Poland, a settlement of the Neolithic Late Lengyel culture. The assemblage is characterised by an unusual proportion of caprines, and ZooMS results indicate relative parity in numbers of sheep and goats. Standard and new biometrics and morphological identifications were also applied. Morphological identifications did not reliably distinguish the taxa. Nonetheless, both standard and new biometrics demonstrate significant size differences between the taxa in this assemblage. This study represents the first step required of establishing effective criteria for differentiation of caprines in Neolithic Poland and by extension other Neolithic contexts north of the Alps.
The zeaxanthin epoxidase is degraded along with the D1 protein during photoinhibition of photosystem II
Authors: Bethmann Stephanie , Melzer Michael , Schwarz Nadine , Jahns Peter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe xanthophyll zeaxanthin is synthesized in chloroplasts upon high light exposure of plants and serves central photoprotective functions. The reconversion of zeaxanthin to violaxanthin is catalyzed by the zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP). ZEP shows highest activity after short and moderate high light periods, but becomes gradually down‐regulated in response to increasing high light stress along with down‐regulation of photosystem II (PSII) activity. ZEP activity and ZEP protein levels were studied in response to high light stress in four plant species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Pisum sativum, Nicotiana benthamiana and Spinacia oleracea. In all species, ZEP protein was degraded during photoinhibition of PSII in parallel with the D1 protein of PSII. In the presence of streptomycin, an inhibitor of chloroplast protein synthesis, photoinhibition of PSII and ZEP activity as well as degradation of D1 and ZEP protein was strongly increased, indicating a close correlation of ZEP regulation with PSII photoinhibition and repair. The concomitant high light‐induced inactivation/degradation of ZEP and D1 prevents the reconversion of zeaxanthin during photoinhibition and repair of PSII. This regulation of ZEP activity supports a coordinated degradation of D1 and ZEP during photoinhibition/repair of PSII and an essential photoprotective function of zeaxanthin during the PSII repair cycle.
Induced expression of CYP51 associated with difenoconazole resistance in the pathogenic Alternaria sect. on potato in China
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zhou Qian , Tian Peiyu , Li Yuan , Duan Guohua , Li Dongliang , Zhan Jiasui , Chen Fengping 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDEarly blight caused by Alternaria spp. is amongst the most important diseases in potato. Demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides are widely used to control the disease but long‐term use may decrease its control efficacy due to fungicide resistance. This study investigated the occurrence of difenoconazole resistance in Alternaria spp. and molecular resistant mechanisms.RESULTSEC50 values of 160 isolates to difenoconazole ranged from 0.026 μg mL−1 to 15.506 μg mL−1 and the frequency of difenoconazole sensitivity formed a non‐normal distribution curve with a major and a minor peak. Isolates with EC50 values of 4.121 and 5.461 μg mL−1 were not controlled effectively at fungicide doses of 50 and 100 μg mL−1. Cross‐resistance was observed between DMI fungicides difenoconazole and propiconazole, but not between difenoconazole and other fungicide groups, including boscalid, iprodione, or carbendazim. The CYP51gene was 1673 bp encoding 525 amino acids in length and contained two introns. All sensitive and resistant isolates had the identical amino acid sequence of CYP51, with the exception of one resistant isolate carrying a mutation of R511W. A 6 bp insertion in the upstream region was observed in half of the resistant isolates. In the absence of propiconazole, the relative expression of CYP51 was not significantly different in sensitive and resistant isolates. In the presence of difenoconazole, expression of CYP51 gene was induced significantly in the DMI‐resistant isolates but not in the sensitive ones.CONCLUSIONInduced expression of CYP51 in resistant isolates exposed to difenoconazole is an important determinant for DMI resistance in potato pathogens Alternaria sect. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A novel mutation A212T in chloroplast Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO1) confers resistance to PPO inhibitor Oxadiazon in Eleusine indica
Authors: Bi Bo , Wang Qiang , Coleman Jeffrey J , Porri Aimone , Peppers John M , Patel Jinesh D , Betz Michael , Lerchl Jens , McElroy J. Scott 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDProtoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) with two isoforms, chloroplast‐targeted (PPO1) and mitochondrial‐targeted (PPO2), catalyzes a step in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll and heme. PPO1 and PPO2 are herbicide target sites of PPO‐inhibiting herbicides. Target‐site mutations conferring resistance to PPO inhibitors have all thus far been in PPO2. Oxadiazon is a unique PPO inhibitor utilized for preemergence Eleusine indica control. In this research, we evaluated the response of two previously confirmed oxadiazon‐resistant and susceptible E. indica biotypes to other PPO inhibitors and identified the resistance mechanism in two oxadiazon‐resistant E. indica biotypes.RESULTSTwo E. indica biotypes were resistant to oxadiazon, but not to other structurally unrelated PPO inhibitors, such as lactofen, flumioxazin and sulfentrazone. A novel mutation A212T was identified in the chloroplast‐targeted PPO1, conferring resistance to oxadiazon in a heterologous expression system. Computational structural modeling provided a mechanistic explanation for reduced herbicide binding to the variant protein: the presence of a methyl group of threonine 212 changes the PPO1 active site and produces repulsive electrostatic interactions that repel oxadiazon from the binding pocket.CONCLUSIONThe novel A212T mutation in PPO1 conferring resistance specifically to PPO inhibitor oxadiazon was characterized. This is the first evidence of the direct role of PPO1 in the PPO mode of action, and the first evidence of evolved resistance in PPO1. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Towards a new model for green consumer behaviour: A self‐determination theory perspective
Authors: Gilal Faheem Gul , Chandani Kanwal , Gilal Rukhsana Gul , Gilal Naeem Gul , Gilal Waseem Gul , Channa Nisar Ahmed 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrior research has broadly captured consumers' green behaviour by linking it to either intrinsic or extrinsic motives. Nonetheless, the detailed effects of middle‐ground motives (i.e., external, introjected, and identified) on the formation of green consumer behaviour remain largely untapped in marketing literature. Using two theoretical lenses—organismic integration theory of self‐determination theory and gender schema theory—this study investigates the effects of motivational regulations on consumers' green behaviour using data from Pakistani millennial consumers. To this end, two separate but related studies were conducted. Study 1 involved participants (n = 208) from Sindh province, whereas Study 2 recruited subjects from three other provinces of Pakistan: Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan (n = 312). Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modelling, and multigroup modelling techniques were used as methods. Study 1 shows that when intrinsic motivation and three types of extrinsic motivations (i.e., external, introjected, and identified) were examined, identified motivation had the strongest effect on green consumer behaviour. The findings of Study 2 indicated that, compared with males, females responded much more strongly to motivation associated with intrinsic regulation. Likewise, male consumers tended to respond much more strongly to identified and external motivations with regard to their green behaviour. To conclude this study, the implications of these findings are discussed in great detail.
The Application of Carbon Nanotube/Graphene‐Based Nanomaterials in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Yin Zefang , Cui Chaojie , Chen Hang , Duoni  , Yu Xiang , Qian Weizhong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe treatment of organic wastewater is of great significance. Carbon nanotube (CNT)/graphene‐based nanomaterials have great potential as absorbent materials for organic wastewater treatment owing to their high specific surface area, mesoporous structure, tunable surface properties, and high chemical stability; these attributes allow them to endure harsh wastewater conditions, such as acidic, basic, and salty conditions at high concentrations or at high temperatures. Although a substantial amount of work has been reported on the performance of CNT/graphene‐based nanomaterials in organic wastewater systems, engineering challenges still exist for their practical application. Herein, the adsorption mechanism of CNT‐ and graphene‐based nanomaterials is summarized, including the adsorption mechanism of CNTs and graphene at the atomic and molecular levels, their hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface properties, and the structure–property relationship required for adsorption to occur. Second, the structural modification and recombination methods of CNT‐ and graphene‐based adsorbents for various organic wastewater systems are introduced. Third, the engineering challenges, including the molding of macroscopically stable adsorbents, adsorption isotherm models and adsorption kinetic behaviors, and reversible adsorption performance compared to that of activated carbon (AC) are discussed. Finally, cost issues are discussed in light of scalable and practical application of these materials.
Engineering the Structure of Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Microspheres by the Surface Effect of Inverse Opal Templates and Temperature
Authors: Ji Lijun , Gong Mindong , Xu Tong , Gu Jun , Jiang Xu , Liang Taotao , Chen Yu , Liu Qingren 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe interactions of ions and molecules with material surface are highly dependent on the surface properties of the material. Therefore, the distribution of ions or molecules near the material surface may be affected by the surface properties. This phenomenon can be significant enough for controlling the structure of a material synthesized in the sub‐micrometer scale confinement space of a template. This work confirms that inverse opals are perfect templates for offering confinement space, while their different surface properties can strongly affect ion and block copolymer distribution in the confinement space. This surface effect principle can be used for the controlled synthesis of colloids with complex composition. As an example, four kinds of mesoporous magnetic bioactive glass colloids with ordered mesopores, core–shell structure, open surface pores, or disordered mesopores are prepared by using polystyrene and carbon inverse opal templates. This work reveals that inverse opal templates possess great advantage in controlled synthesizing colloidal structures due to their surface effect on ions and molecules and confinement space.