bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological Characteristics of Arenga pinnata Merr. from Maros and Sinjai Provenances in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and its relationship with Brix Content
Authors: Nirawati  , Restu M , Kuswinanti T , Musa Y , Paembonan S A , Millang S , Syahidah  , Larekeng S H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Palmae is a tree family that has the third biggest potential after the Gramineae and Fabaceae families. Arenga belongs to the genus of the multipurpose palm family (Mogea, Seibert, and Smits 1991), famously known as the “tree of life” and it has high economic potential, especially its sap. The sap produced is the result of photosynthesis which has a high amount of sugar with various inorganic substances and nutrients and good for health. This research provided information regarding the association of sugar content with morphological characteristics and environmental factors, in this case, the intensity of light, humidity and elevation. Morphological parameters observed were stem height, the girth of the bunch, number of green leaves, length of petiole, leaf width (lad), leaf length (pad), number of the female and male inflorescence. Correlation analysis between morphological characters and Brix content showed a moderate correlation on length of the leaf, number of green leaves, and stem height. While the character of environmental factors to Brix content had a moderate correlation on light intensity below the tree stand with a negative correlation value, which was not in line with the value of confidence interval (UpperCI = 0.004) and significantly affected the Brix content.
Carbon stock analysis of some cocoa planting systems in South Sulawesi
Authors: Mustari K , Asrul L , Kaimuddin  , Faradilla L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In an effort to control carbon emissions in the air, steps taken are improving forest vegetation and protecting natural forest vegetation as the biggest absorber of carbon gas emissions. Cocoa as the largest plantation crop in Indonesia is expected to be able to absorb CO2 gas emissions in the air due to its ability to absorb carbon. A carbon analysis study was carried out on cacao plantation to determine the level of carbon uptake in each cropping system in South Sulawesi. Hence, the results of the analysis can be a reference in climate change mitigation efforts. Three regencies, each with 3 districts were selected as study locations, namely East Luwu Regency (Burau, Wotu and Mumpangana Districts), Pinrang Regency (Patampanua, Batulappa and Lembang Districts), and Bantaeng Regency (Gantarangkeke, Tompobulu, and Eremerasa Districts). Carbon stored measurements was conducted using allometric formula. Measurements were carried out on 200 m2 observation plot. Results show that carbon sequestration levels were 33.19 tons C/Ha, 25.52 tons C/Ha, 32.07 tons C/Ha in East Luwu, Pinrang and Bantaeng regencies, respectively. The amount of carbon emissions absorbed in East Luwu Regency was 57.46 t/Ha, Pinrang Regency 67.12 t/Ha, and Bantaeng Regency 60.07 t/Ha. The CO2 content based on the composition of land cover in East Luwu Regency was 121.81 tons CO2/Ha, Pinrang Regency 93.69 tons CO2/Ha, and Bantaeng Regency 117.70 tons CO2/Ha.
Screening of eight mutants of Sinjai lokal red rice (Oryza sativa) to salinity stress
Authors: Kasim N , Musa Y , Mustari K , Syaiful S A , Riadi M , Sjahril R , Ahyani N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The research aimed to determine the growth and tolerance of M7 brown rice mutant lines against stress by application of several doses of NaCl. The research was conducted at the Bio-Science and Biotechnology Laboratory for Plant Production, Agricultural Cultivation, Faculty of Agriculture of Universitas Hasanuddin. It was conducted from October 2018 to February 2019, which was compiled based on 2 factorial design patterns and a randomized block design as it’s environmental design. The first factor consisted of 9 genotypes, i.e. 8 red rice mutant lines namely g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7, g8 and one comparison line g9 as red rice parent which was not mutated. The second factor consisted of 4 NaCl dosage levels namely 0 dS/m, 4 dS/m, 8 dS/m, 12 dS/m. The results of the NaCl treatment on several Sinjai local red rice mutant lines show that the g2 genotype had the highest average value on the parameters of the weight of the plants on a fresh and dry condition. It indicated the g2 genotype as a mutant genotype that has tolerance to salinity stress at the vegetative growth phase.
Characteristic of panicle in M4 red rice mutants
Authors: Kannapadang S , Sjahril R , Riadi M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The need for rice is always increasing every year in line with population growth making rice commodities have a very important role. Red rice which has been known for a long time, needs to be given priority in research to overcome the problem of food and nutrition shortages. Rice panicle, a crucial organ that has economic values, is an important yield component to improve. This study aimed to obtain information on relationship within the panicle characters on rice production. The experiment was conducted within 6 month using 10 red rice mutant lines M4 and 2 non-mutant lines as controls. Data from yield components used were number of grains per panicle, panicle density, percentage of filled grain per panicle, grain length, grain width, and grain thick. Based on the results of the path analysis on these characters, it is known that four characters that have a total positive and significant direct effect on the weight of grain per panicle were the number of grains per panicle, panicle density, panicle length and percentage of filled grain per panicle. Hence, these characters are important and effective to be used as a selection component in increasing grain production in red rice plants. Tests of several M4 generation red rice mutants based on grain characterization show very significant differences in grain length and grain width characters. The longest grain is GK2 strain (10.33 mm) and the widest grain is G9 strain (3.29 mm).
Mutation breeding for improvement of aromatic rice mutant by using ion beam irradiation
Authors: Okasa A M , Riadi M , Toriyama K , Ishii K. , Hasyashi Y. , Sato T , Abe T , Trisnawaty  , Panga N J , Sjahril R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
One of the effective methods in plant breeding is the mutation breeding. Recently new techniques in mutation breeding has risen by using heavy ion beam irradiation. The local rice variety, Pare Bau was used to study the effect of heavy ion beam for aromatic rice improvement. Dry seeds of rice were irradiated at dose of 10 Gy Argon ion. Selected mutants from M2 were planted on M3 generation to check their stability in growth performance and early flowering. Results show that one M3 mutant line showed significantly lower plants height and larger percentage of fertile grain in comparison to control. Therefore, these results indicate that heavy-ion irradiation may provide useful genetic resources for high yield breeding on early generation of mutant line.
Growth of F0 seedlings of oysters mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) with different ages of explants
Authors: Ferial  , Syaiful S A , Dachlan A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The success of oyster mushroom cultivation is determined by the quality of seed and the planting media used and environmental factors. This research aimed to obtain quality oyster mushrooms F0 seed based on the type of mushrooms and ages of different explants. The experiment was conducted at the National Agriculture Training Center in Batangkaluku from January to April 2018. The trial was set using factorial randomized block design method with two factors. The first factor was the type of oysters mushroom, namely white oysters mushroom and brown oysters mushroom. The second factor was the difference in the age after the growth of pinhead, consisting of 3 levels, namely 1 day, 3 days and 5 days. There were 6 combination treatments repeated 4 times, resulted in 24 treatment units, and each treatment unit used 3 units as observation object, bringing the total to 72 treatment units. The results show that the interaction between the type of white oysters mushroom and age 5 days after the growth of pinhead provided the best response to the diameter of mycelium F0 (2.84 cm) and the density level of mycelium F0 that categorized as thick density (score 4.17). The largest mycelium thickness, with a score of 3.42, ie. mycelium grows thinly evenly. The treatment of oysters mushroom gave the best response to white oysters mushroom, while the treatment of age after pinhead growth gave the best response at the age of 3 days.
Growth and production of South Sulawesi local waxy corn genotypes (Zea mays ceratina L.)
Authors: Syaiful S A , Riadi M , Mustaman F A , Amin A R , Farid M , Mollah A , Makmur  
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The study was conducted in the Experimental Farm of the Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (ICERI) located in the Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province from September to December 2017. The research aimed to study the quantitative and qualitative characters of some local waxy corn genotypes in South Sulawesi. This experiment was arranged in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The treatment included 9 local waxy corn genotypes from Barru, Bone, Bulukumba, Gowa, Jeneponto, Maros, Soppeng, Takalar, Wajo regencies and URI variety as a control. Local waxy corn genotypes of Bone and Bulukumba has the best phenotype characteristics with the highest grain yield (4.13 t/ha and 4.15 t/ha). Qualitative characters that are easily observed among different local waxy corn genotypes are panicle type, silk color (pistils), and kernel type. All the characteristics have high heritability (>0.50). Silking, weight of dry cob without husk, and cob diameter are the characteristics that give direct effect on the production positively (1.05; 0.001; 0.49, respectively).
Kinship of katokkon chili (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) in Tana Toraja and North Toraja Regencies
Authors: Sjahril R , Riadi M , Ridwan I , Kasmiati  , Suryani I , Trisnawaty AR 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Katokkon chili (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) is one of the chili varieties in the districts of Tana Toraja and North Toraja which has a diversity of shapes in terms of morphology. This study aimed to identify morphological and cytological diversities and to determine kinship of several accessions of katokkon chili. The study used a survey method in which location determination and sampling were done by purposive sampling. The characters observed were plant height, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, number of flowers per node, fruit length, fruit width, thickness of fruit flesh, fruit stalk length, and number of seeds per fruit. The survey results identified a total of 30 accessions of katokkon chilies consisted of 16 accessions from Tana Toraja Regency and 14 accessions from North Toraja Regency. Morphological analysis results using dendrogram show that the 30 accessions of chili katokkon obtained still had a high kinship with varying fruit shapes and leaf colors. At 96.70% similarity level, two groups were determined (group I consisted of 23 accessions and group II consisted of 7 accessions). Based on the observed characters, at 56.53% similarity, the accession can be categorized into two groups, namely group I (plant height, leaf length, petiole length, and leaf width) and group II (fruit length, fruit stalk length, fruit diameter, number of seeds per fruit and fruit thickness).
Food security and sustainable agriculture
Authors: Ala A , Ridwan I 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Responding to the increase of the world population, food availability in developing countries will need to increase, 60% by 2030 and double by 2050. These figures are equivalent to 42% and 70% growth in global food production, respectively. Many Indonesian lived in poor rural areas especially children still experience malnourished, underweight and suffer from stunted growth. This paper discusses food security issues from the perspective of sustainable agriculture, its challenges and policies supporting the efforts to sustain food security. The paper also compares the food security concept with food sovereignty related to the production aspect and the sustainability of the supply chain and accessibility of the food.
Characterization and pathogenicity test of indigenous cellulolytic fungi as biofertilizer candidate
Authors: Fikrinda F , Susanna S , Khalil M , Sriwati R , Syafruddin S , Sufardi S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Cellulolytic fungi have an important role in regulating plant nutrition to sustain plant productivity. This study was aimed to characterize and test the pathogenicity of cellulolytic fungi isolated from the dry land of Aceh as a candidate for biofertilizer. A total of 30 isolates was characterized by their cellulolytic and phosphatase activity semi-quantitatively. The cellulolytic activities on amorph and crystalline cellulose were determined on the Mandel medium with CMC and Avicell as carbon sources respectively while phosphatase was observed on the Pikovskaya medium. The pathogenicity test of the potential isolates on maize, rice, and soybean was determined by the Knop’s medium slants method. The results show that isolates with the ability to degrade amorph cellulose were more (93.33%) than crystalline (86.67%) and 80% isolates had activities on both cellulose types. Beside cellulolytic, most isolates (93.33 %) also had phosphatase activity. There were 23 isolates whose cellulolytic and phosphatase activities, five isolates were non-pathogenic on maize, rice, and soybean, two isolates on maize and rice, and one isolate on rice. These results indicate that the indigenous cellulolytic fungi from the dry land of Aceh were potential to be developed as biofertilizers in the cultivation of maize, rice, and/or soybean.
Green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens Distan) biotype and their ability to transfer tungro disease in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Rosida N , Kuswinanti T , Nasruddin A , Amin N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the variation of the green leafhopper biotype in South Sulawesi and their ability to transmit the tungro virus. GLH colonies were collected from several districts in South Sulawesi (Sidrap, Pinrang, Maros and Gowa). Green leafhopper colonies were selected for their population growth and their ability to transfer tungro virus. All GLH colonies from Pinrang, Sidrap, Gowa, and Maros have a high level of virulence in all resistant varieties, where the percentage of nymphs becomes the second instar and the number of green leafhopper populations in one life cycle (first-generation/F1) in all resistant varieties were not significantly different from TN1 (no gene for resistance). Among resistant varieties, IR 38 (Glh 6) was the most adaptive variety to the four colonies of green leafhoppers (Pinrang, Sidrap, Gowa, and Maros) with the highest average population. All GLH colonies are able to transfer tungro virus to all resistant varieties. The percentage of tungro virus infection ranged from 50% to 100% in all resistant varieties transmitted by each GLH. The ability of GLH colonies to transfer viruses ranked from high to low, Sidrap, Pinrang, Gowa, and Maros. Of all GLH resistant varieties tested, no more varieties were resistant to GLH colonies from Sidrap. There are three variants colonies of GLH were successfully identified, namely biotypes 1650, 1654, and 1604.
Effectiveness of nylon exclusion net for preventing chili fruit damage by the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Nasruddin A D , Nurariaty A , Melina M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel) is one of the most damaging insect pests of chili plants causing yield loss up to 90% in Indonesia. Chili growers apply insecticides so heavily that the pest has been reported resistant to insecticides in many places. Safer but more effective alternative control measures must be sought and developed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of nylon net cage in protecting chili plants from the fruit fly attack. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, from January to June 2018. This experiment consisted of three treatments: plants caged with nylon net, plants sprayed weekly with insecticide, and unsprayed and uncaged plants (control plants). Treatments were arranged in a complete randomized block design with three replications and each replication consisted of four chili plants. The results showed that the use of nylon net cage provided a total protection, 0% fruit damaged by the fruit fly. In contrast, the plants sprayed with insecticide and control plants suffered fruit damage of 29.1 and 37.5%, respectively. Therefore, nylon net was effective but weekly insecticide spray was not effective in protecting the plants from the fruit fly attack.
Neutron attenuation and mechanical properties of polymer composites filled with boron carbide particles
Authors: Nurazila M Z , Hafizal Y , Megat Harun M A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this work, neutron attenuation and mechanical properties of thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) blend filled with boron carbide (B4C) have been studied as a function of filler loading. Thermoplastic natural rubber of high density polyethylene/natural rubber (HDPE/NR) blend with different amounts of boron carbide (5–20 wt%) have been prepared via melt blending method. All samples were subjected to neutron transmission and tensile tests. The results showed that neutron shielding performance of the composites were improved significantly with the addition of B4C into TPNR matrix. On the other hand, mechanical properties of the composites were found to decrease with increasing filler loading.
Study on the shielding materials for low-energy gamma sources
Authors: Aminordin Sabri A H , Abdul Aziz M Z , Olukotun S F , Tabbakh F , Tajudin S M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Photon dosimetry is indispensable in designing an irradiation facilities shielding. Monte Carlo simulation was utilized to investigate the efficiency of relatively new developed clay and Gadolinum (Gd)-doped polymer as a radiation shielding material for low energy gamma sources (Am-241 and Co-57). The calculated linear attenuation coefficient (µ) of Am-241 and Co-57 for clay is higher within 6.6 % and 0.9 % compared to ordinary concrete, respectively. The µ value for Gd-doped polymer is higher by a factor of 9 and 5 compared to clay for Am-241 and Co-57, respectively. A thickness of 2 cm and 5 cm from both clay and concrete were adequate to attenuate almost 90 % incident photons from Am-241 and Co-57, respectively. The same thickness of 2 cm by Gd-doped polymer could attenuate almost 95 % of Co-57 photons. 3 cm thickness of clay and concrete could shield the gamma source dose rate of Am-241 (1 MBq) down to 0.05 µSv/hr, while almost 10 cm needed for Co-57 source. Gd-doped polymer with thickness of 2 cm could shield almost 94 % the dose rate from Co-57 source. For higher energy gamma sources, clay and ordinary concrete need to be doped with a higher Z element to ensure safety of the radiation.
Peat soil stabilization using electrokinetic stabilization (EKS) treatment at Parit Lapis Kadir, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
Authors: Wahab Abdul , Embong Zaidi , Naseem Abbas Ali , Bin Ahmad Tajudin Saiful Azhar , Zaman Qamar Uz 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Peat is found all over the world, which covered about 4.5% of the total world land and considered one of the most challenging soil, it creates many problems in constructions projects due to its characteristics like low shear strength, high water content and high compressibility. Hence, buildings and roads construction on peat has become more complex and differential settlements, slope failures, global instabilities, and long-term excessive settlements have occurred. Developing countries such as Malaysia, also facing such type of problems in building and road constructions. To overcome this problem, several matters related to soft soil strength, its essential to be resolved in proper way. This can be done by performing soil treatment to enhance its strength and physical properties. The application of soil improvement by using the electrokinetic stabilization (EKS) method has the potential to overcome problems such as low shear strength, high moisture content and high compressibility of the low permeable soil. The principles of EKS method involve applying a low potential gradient through electrodes which are inserted in the low permeable soil that cannot readily be drained. The voltage gradient of 110 V and 150 V was applied to the peat soil with the help of aluminium electrodes for the operational period of 3 and 6 hours. The peat sample was collected from Parit Lapis Kadir, Batu Pahat, Johor state, Malaysia. Some soil parameters like shear strength (τ) moisture content (WN), liquid limit (WL), maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC) and dynamic properties were examined for pre and post EK. The result shows that shear strength was improved from 10.7 to 58 and 64 kPa, moisture content was reduced from 476.84 to 336.22 and 306.38%, the liquid limit was improved from 152.33 to 198.10 and 213.96%, maximum dry density was increased from 7.97 × 10−7 to 7.29× 10−7 and 8.39 × 10−7 kg/m3 and optimum moisture content was improved from 27.56 to 114.01 and 125.25%. The shear wave velocity (SWV) was increased from 75.5 m/s to 109.5 m/s. The experimental results suggest the potential of developing EKS technique to stabilize shear strength of soft peat is effectively and efficiently.
Mobile robot for radiation mapping in indoor environment
Authors: Abd Rahman Nur Aira , Mohamed Sahari Khairul Salleh , Abdul Jalal Muhammad Fairuz , Rahman Anwar Abdul , Abd Adziz Mohd Izwan , Hassan Mohd Zaid 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Radiation mapping is the process of measuring radiation intensity level at distributed sampling points in a predefined region of interest (ROI). This procedure is crucial in any radiological related emergency to locate contamination hotspot(s) or in routine inspections in any radiation facilities. When workers knowingly enter a high radiation zone to perform radiation mapping, they are exposed to the risk of radiation exposure. Mobile robot is a potential solution that could eliminate the health and safety risk and subsequently improve the measurement accuracy. This paper reports implementation of mobile robot for radiation mapping by using a commercial mobile robot platform, Turtlebot2 in conjunction with Robot Operating System (ROS). Mobile robot is capable to generate physical map of the targeted environment by using Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). Simultaneously, Geiger Muller detector is utilized to perform radiation measurement. The radiation data is directly plotted on the physical map hence the radiation intensity distribution throughout the ROI could be assessed. Functionality of the radiation mapping robot is evaluated in real-world experiments and the results will be presented in the paper.