bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of honey hunting in supporting subsistence livelihoods in Sumbawa, Indonesia
Authors: Schouten Cooper , Lloyd David , Ansharyani Ida , Salminah Mimi , Somerville Douglas , Stimpson Kerrie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHoney from the giant Asian honey bee (Apis dorsata) has been harvested by communities throughout Southeast Asia for centuries. In Indonesia, 80 per cent of the national supply of honey comes from Sumbawa; however, there is limited information regarding the sustainability and importance of honey hunting in supporting rural livelihoods. This study used semi‐structured interviews and questionnaires to examine honey hunting and forest honey production in Sumbawa. It evaluates the economic and cultural importance, opportunities, and constraints of honey hunting and prompts us to suggest that income generation from honey plays a critical role in supporting rural communities. Of respondents, 83 per cent reported that income from honey was essential and accounts for 68 per cent of cash income. Yet honey hunters were harvesting using destructive methods under dangerous conditions and are subject to unpredictable market prices and fluctuating yields. Unlike situations in other areas of Indonesia, no system of customary law was found to exist that defines ownership of honey trees and the right to harvest from them. Limited access to market information, high moisture content of honey, and limited training and extension services were identified as key constraints. Future research exploring the sustainability of harvesting practices and mechanisms for improving profitability of honey hunters would be valuable.
Antioxidant Activity of Selenium‐Enriched Peptides from the Protein Hydrolysate of Cardamine violifolia
Authors: Zhu Song , Du Chaodong , Yu Tian , Cong Xin , Liu Yuanfa , Chen Shangwei , Li Yue 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCardamine violifolia is a selenium (Se)‐enriched plant found in China. In this study, the Se‐enriched peptides of C. violifolia (CP) were isolated using a 1 kDa ultrafiltration membrane after enzymatic hydrolysis by alkaline and neutral proteases. The peptides were separated by DEAE‐Sepharose FF anion‐exchange chromatography and purified using preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography (prep‐HPLC). The component with the highest antioxidant activity, CPR13, was identified by comparing the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), hydroxyl (•OH), 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS+•), and superoxide () radical scavenging ability of each fraction. At a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, the DPPH•, •OH, , and ABTS+• scavenging activities of CPR13 were 89.2%, 26.3%, 40.6%, and 42.9%, respectively. Amino acid sequences were obtained by liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry as follows: GRVGSSSC, GRAGGSYM, GHPNFKLNCSGG, GTKSCKA, ASSNARDMI, TAGGCYIPI, and KNCALQ. The seleno‐amino acids were identified as selenomethionine, methylselenocysteine, and selenocysteine. Correlation analysis among organic Se content, peptide content, and antioxidant activity revealed that organic Se plays a greater role in free radical scavenging than peptides, and that the organic Se content of the Se‐enriched peptides was positively correlated with their antioxidant ability (P < 0.05). It indicated that CP has a great potential as natural functional materials for dietary supplement.
Stock market volatility: friend or foe?
Authors: Dempsey Michael , Gunasekarage Abeyratna , Truong Thanh Tan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough a good deal of research effort has been allocated to understanding the time‐series volatility of stock returns – as both market (or systematic) volatility and idiosyncratic (or non‐systematic) volatility – the relationship of such volatility with cross‐sectional volatility or dispersion of outcomes is sparse. Nevertheless, the quest to understand one must involve the quest to understand the other. In this paper, we investigate the dispersion of returns in relation to inter‐temporal volatility, as well as the dynamic of dispersion of returns in generating a portfolio’s return outcome. We find that the level of such dispersion is highly significant for portfolio performance and the notion of risk.
Natural selection in mimicry
Authors: Anderson Bruce , de Jager Marinus L. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTBiological mimicry has served as a salient example of natural selection for over a century, providing us with a dazzling array of very different examples across many unrelated taxa. We provide a conceptual framework that brings together apparently disparate examples of mimicry in a single model for the purpose of comparing how natural selection affects models, mimics and signal receivers across different interactions. We first analyse how model–mimic resemblance likely affects the fitness of models, mimics and receivers across diverse examples. These include classic Batesian and Müllerian butterfly systems, nectarless orchids that mimic Hymenoptera or nectar‐producing plants, caterpillars that mimic inert objects unlikely to be perceived as food, plants that mimic abiotic objects like carrion or dung and aggressive mimicry where predators mimic food items of their own prey. From this, we construct a conceptual framework of the selective forces that form the basis of all mimetic interactions. These interactions between models, mimics and receivers may follow four possible evolutionary pathways in terms of the direction of selection resulting from model–mimic resemblance. Two of these pathways correspond to the selective pressures associated with what is widely regarded as Batesian and Müllerian mimicry. The other two pathways suggest mimetic interactions underpinned by distinct selective pressures that have largely remained unrecognized. Each pathway is characterized by theoretical differences in how model–mimic resemblance influences the direction of selection acting on mimics, models and signal receivers, and the potential for consequent (co)evolutionary relationships between these three protagonists. The final part of this review describes how selective forces generated through model–mimic resemblance can be opposed by the basic ecology of interacting organisms and how those forces may affect the symmetry, strength and likelihood of (co)evolution between the three protagonists within the confines of the four broad evolutionary possibilities. We provide a clear and pragmatic visualization of selection pressures that portrays how different mimicry types may evolve. This conceptual framework provides clarity on how different selective forces acting on mimics, models and receivers are likely to interact and ultimately shape the evolutionary pathways taken by mimetic interactions, as well as the constraints inherent within these interactions.
Relationship Between Plasma Concentrations and Clinical Effects of Cariprazine in Patients With Schizophrenia or Bipolar Mania
Authors: Periclou Antonia , Willavize Susan , Jaworowicz David , Passarell Julie , Carrothers Timothy , Ghahramani Parviz , Durgam Suresh , Earley Willie , Kapás Margit , Khariton Tatiana 
Published: October 2019

Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling (via NONMEM) was used to describe longitudinal exposure‐response relationships for total cariprazine (sum of cariprazine and its major active metabolites) in 2,558 patients with schizophrenia or bipolar mania. Drug exposure metrics were explored for potential relationships with efficacy and safety end points. Total cariprazine exposures were significantly related to reductions in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) or Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) total scores in schizophrenia or bipolar mania, respectively, via a maximum effect (Emax)‐type relationship. Typical steady‐state plasma concentrations after 3 and 4.5 mg/day were associated with 50% of maximum typical reductions in PANSS and YMRS total scores, respectively. Time‐weighted cariprazine exposures had significant relationships with the probability of common adverse events (AEs). Dose increase was associated with increased efficacy but was also associated with an increase in AEs. Results of these pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analyses support that the recommended dose range (1.5–6 mg/day for schizophrenia and 3–6 mg/day for bipolar mania) provides an appropriate benefit‐risk balance between cariprazine efficacy and safety.
Voting, taxes, and heterogeneous preferences: Evidence from Swedish local elections
Authors: Mörk Eva , Nordin Mattias 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate whether voters' reactions to tax changes depend on their preferences for public spending, in order to increase our understanding of the relationship between accountability and the formation of public policy. Utilizing high‐quality survey data, we find that voters who, ex ante, prefer a small public sector punish incumbents who raise taxes, while voters who prefer a large public sector reward tax hikes. Our results indicate that Swedish voters do not necessarily consider tax hikes to be an indication of misbehaving incumbents and that public policy is formed as a result of competing interests between voters with different policy preferences, rather than only as a conflict between rent‐seeking politicians and voters.
Succeeding from nature: The non‐human agency of Portuguese cork
Authors: Brooks Andrew , Francis Robert A. 
Published: October 2019

Non‐human life has economic agency. It acts on the cultural values of products. Naturalness is an important, yet ambiguous, property in the market and imbues vibrant materials with organic, healthy, traditional, and other contingent properties. However, “natural” products can be succeeded in form and function by “synthetic” alternatives. Their value is further affected by non‐humans. Our signal case explores Portuguese cork bark, an agroforestry product grown in the montado, a biodiverse managed mosaic landscape of forestry and farming. The natural value of cork bottle stoppers is associated with their effect on wine flavour. Oxygen‐permeable cork enables beneficial ageing to enhance flavour, whereas cork contaminated with taint degrades wine. Synthetic stoppers recreate the form and function of corks without being a vector for contamination. A succession from natural cork stoppers to reliable artificial polyethylene corks led to a decline in demand for cork bark and negative impacts on montado biodiversity. Yet here we demonstrate that such successions can be reversed as the affective properties of cork bark products became revalued with improvements in manufacturing, increasing concern for environmental sustainability, and rising consumer demand for natural products. This leads us to explore further the dynamics between natural goods and synthetic replacements. We argue that rather than being two discrete domains of reality, natural and artificial products are both co‐produced through assemblages of human and non‐human action. Understanding succession between “natural” and “artificial” products enables new insights into the geographies of non‐human agency.
A mixed‐integer linear model for the multiple heterogeneous knapsack problem with realistic container loading constraints and bins' priority
Authors: Deplano Igor , Lersteau Charly , Nguyen Trung Thanh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe propose a mixed‐integer linear model that solves the multiple heterogeneous knapsack problem, minimising the wasted space of the bins, taking into account their priority and considering the following constraints: non‐overlapping, boundaries and positioning (both constrained and free), rotations (around the vertical axis), orthogonal displacement, weight limit, static stability, weight distribution in a pyramidal region and load bearing considering items' arbitrary centre of mass (CoM). In the experiments, the priority parameter is set to prioritise smaller bins, but the model is generic to cover other cases. We study the trade‐off of adding more constraints to make the problem more realistic and the complexity of finding a solution. We introduce new metrics that facilitate the comparison of datasets used in experiments. These metrics allow the export of theoretical results in the industry. We also propose a constructive heuristic named weight first best fit to handle large‐scale instances in a reasonable time.
Association between Health Insurance and Health among Adults with Diabetes: Evidence from Medicare
Authors: Lipton Brandy J. 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVESGaining Medicare eligibility at age 65 is associated with increased health insurance coverage and reduced medical expenditure risk, but few studies have examined changes in health outcomes among adults with a specific chronic condition. This study assessed the association between Medicare eligibility and health among adults with diabetes.DESIGNRegression discontinuity design to test for discontinuities in healthcare outcomes at age 65 when most US adults become eligible for Medicare.SETTINGNational Health Interview Survey, 2006‐2016.PARTICIPANTSRespondents ages 55 to 74 with diagnosed diabetes (n = 13 455).MEASUREMENTSPrimary outcome measures included self‐reported fair or poor general health status, any functional limitation, overweight, obese, and body mass index. Secondary outcomes included health insurance coverage, healthcare spending burden, and functional limitations by cause and type.RESULTSMedicare eligibility was associated with about an 8.0 percentage point reduction in the uninsured rate (95% confidence interval [CI], −9.9 to −6.0 percentage points; P < .001) and declines in high out‐of‐pocket healthcare expenditures and worry about medical bills. Eligibility was also associated with reductions of about 5.2 [95% CI, −6.9 to −3.6; P < .001] and 4.7 [95% CI, −7.1 to −2.3; P = .001] percentage points in fair or poor health and any functional limitation, respectively. Declines in functional limitations appeared to be driven by reductions in limitations due to diabetes, arthritis, heart problems, and emotional or behavioral problems. Some evidence indicated that Medicare eligibility was associated with a decline in obesity, but estimates were not consistently statistically significant.CONCLUSIONExpanded health insurance coverage and gains in coverage quality may improve health outcomes among older adults with diabetes. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:388–394, 2020
Factors associated with the evolution of attitudes towards mental illness in a cohort of nursing students
Authors: O’Ferrall‐González Cristina , Almenara‐Barrios José , García‐Carretero Miguel Ángel , Salazar‐Couso Alejandro , Almenara‐Abellán José Luis , Lagares‐Franco Carolina 
Published: October 2019

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

People with mental health difficulties have poorer physical health than the general population. The stigmatizing attitude of health professionals impacts the quality of care for these people.

There is a broad background on the effectiveness of activities based on theoretical training, clinical practices or social contact to improve nursing students’ attitudes towards people with mental health difficulties.

There is an important need to assess whether the benefits identified in the short term are maintained in the longer term.

What does the paper add to existing knowledge?

The positive evolution of attitudes towards mental illness does not last over time.

Some students’ attitude towards people with a mental health difficulty worsened in the final stage of their training after completing clinical practices.

What are the implications for practice?

It is necessary for tutors incorporate an understanding of stigma throughout the degree training and to discuss with the students the emotional aspects experienced during the performance of clinical practices.

The design of any anti‐stigma intervention must include the factor of “time”.

AbstractIntroductionThe stigma of health professionals is a contributing factor to morbi‐mortality among people with mental health difficulties. There is a lack of research on long‐term outcomes in nursing students.ObjectiveTo identify factors associated with the evolution of stigmatizing attitudes towards mental illness in a cohort of students trained in mental health.MethodA prospective observational study of the impact of training in mental health care. Age, gender, stigma, level of previous familiarity with mental illness, self‐education by Internet, academic performance and the place where practicums are conducted were evaluated on three occasions over 15 months.ResultsAcademic performance, online consultation and the size or origin of the theoretical group were indicators of better attitudes. The positive evolution of attitudes does not last over time.DiscussionInstability over time could be explained by students’ experience in the practicum, although the time itself has been identified as a determining factor.Practical implicationsFurther studies should be promoted in academia to assess the content of mental health training and its influence on the evolution of the stigmatizing attitude. It is also necessary to address stigma in small groups, where students with better academic results lead anti‐stigma activities.
Influence of waves and currents on the growth rate of the kelp Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Millar Rachel V. , Houghton Jonathan D. R. , Elsäβer Björn , Mensink Paul J. , Kregting Louise 
Published: October 2019

The kelp Laminaria digitata growing in the low intertidal region along energetic coastlines are exposed to a range of hydrodynamic environments. Macroalgae in the intertidal zone can experience both waves and currents independently, but it is unknown how they influence growth rate. Relative growth rate of the meristematic region and the entire blade of L. digitata were measured to assess the influence of wave and current motion from three hydrodynamic environments: low current and low wave (LCLW), high current and low wave (HCLW), and high wave and low current (HWLC). Alongside hydrodynamic data, seawater nutrient concentrations and temperature were also collected and analyzed. Results suggest that differences in L. digitata relative growth rates were not attributed to the seawater nutrient concentrations or temperature, but attributed to the hydrodynamic environments. At the high current condition, kelp growth rate of the meristematic region was enhanced by 45% compared to the high wave condition. When including the entire blade growth rate, an average increase of 25% was observed between the high current and high wave condition. Potentially, the division in growth rate observed between the wave and current motion is related to the frequency and magnitude at which the hydrodynamic forces act. These findings highlight the complexity of the hydrodynamic environment and that forces associated with waves and currents may have a significant role on the productivity of kelp.
Fatal hemoptysis after bronchoscopic biopsy in a dog
Authors: Greenway Clayton , Rozanski Elizabeth , Johnson Kelsey , Cornejo Lilian , Abelson Amanda , Robinson Nicholas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old 24.6 kg mixed breed dog underwent bronchoscopy for evaluation of a persistent progressive cough. Bronchoscopy documented a markedly thick and irregular, cobblestone appearance of the mucosa. A bronchoscopic biopsy was obtained; immediately after the biopsy, a large amount of hemorrhage poured from the endotracheal tube. Multiple efforts to control the hemorrhage were unsuccessful and the dog suffered a cardiopulmonary arrest and could not be revived. A necropsy was performed, which was significant for pallor, evidence of prior heartworm disease, prominent bronchial arteries, and erosion of the submucosal vessels at the site of the biopsy. The cause of death was hemorrhage associated with transbronchial biopsy of an enlarged bronchial artery associated with heartworm disease. This report describes a rare complication of a routine diagnostic procedure.
Modal arguments against materialism
Authors: Pelczar Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe review existing strategies for bringing modal intuitions to bear against materialist theories of consciousness, and then propose a new strategy. Unlike existing strategies, which assume that imagination (suitably constrained) is a good guide to modal truth, the strategy proposed here makes no assumptions about the probative value of imagination. However, unlike traditional modal arguments, the argument developed here delivers only the conclusion that we should not believe that materialism is true, not that we should believe that it is false.
Ratcheting Behavior of Intervertebral Discs Under Cyclic Compression: Experiment and Prediction
Authors: Zhang Chun‐qiu , Zhang Tao , Gao Lilan , Du Cheng‐fei , Liu Qing , Liu Hai‐ying , Wang Xin 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the ratcheting behavior of intervertebral discs (IVD) by experiments and theoretical study.MethodThe lumbar spines of sheep were obtained at a local slaughterhouse, and the IVD was processed with upper and lower vertebral bodies (about 5 mm) to ensure the mechanical state of the IVD in situ. The ratcheting tests of uniaxial cyclic compression loading for disc samples is carried out using the Electronic Universal Fatigue Testing System at room temperature. The effects of different stress variations, stress rates, as well as different segments on ratcheting behavior of discs were investigated.ResultsThe ratcheting strain evolution of lumbar IVD include stages of sharp increase and asymptotic stability. Both the ratcheting strain and ratcheting strain rate increase with an increase of stress variation (R = 0.962, P = 0.004) but decrease with an increase of the stress rate (R = −0.876, P = 0.019 ). Compression stiffness increases with an increase of the stress rate (R = 0.964, P = 0.004 ) or stress variation (R = 0.838, P = 0.037). Compared with L5–6, the L6–7 disc showed less ratcheting strain (P = 0.04 ), indicating that the disc at this segment was more resistant to the impact of the ratcheting cycle. In addition, ratcheting strain evolution was predicted using a ratcheting evolution constitutive equation, and the predicted results were in good agreement with experimental data.ConclusionsThe ratcheting behavior occurs in IVD, and this cumulative deformation is consistent with the general ratcheting behavior. The constitutive equation can predict the ratcheting strain evolution of IVD very well. These results are of great significance for the analysis of defects and the development of repair in IVD.