bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redefiniendo el Trabajo Social: nuevos yacimimientos de empleo en el envejecimiento. Una propuesta desde la intervención social
Authors: Díaz Román Cristina , Martín Cano Mª del Carmen , De la Fuente Robles Yolanda María 
Published: December 2020

Nos encontramos en un contexto sociodemográfico en el que aumenta progresivamente el número de personas que necesitan de cuidados, principalmente personas mayores de 65 años, colectivo mayoritario en la actualidad, en España. Ello genera que aparezcan nuevas demandas y expectativas sobre la atención prestada. Esto supone para la intervención social enfrentarse a un gran reto. Hasta el momento, las formas de intervención social y de atención proporcionados por el sistema, no parecen cubrir con plenitud las necesidades emergentes, fundamentalmente por su escasa adaptación a los nuevos contextos sociales y estilos de vida. Socialmente figuras profesionales como la del/ de la asistente personal suponen una inversión provechosa y sostenible en el contexto de la atención y prestación de servicios, puesto que, desde la praxis profesional del Trabajo Social, así como desde el prisma académico o investigador, supone una apuesta para que las personas en situación de dependencia puedan llevar a cabo su proyecto de vida con libertad e independencia. Por ello, en este trabajo se pretende por un lado visibilizar las necesidades percibidas y expresadas por las personas mayores y/o en situación de dependencia, así como sus demandas y, por otro, definir una nueva figura profesional conceptualizada como Técnico/a de Autonomía Personal y Prevención de la Dependencia (TAP) que de respuesta a los retos planteados a través de la implementación de las nuevas intervenciones basadas en el paradigma de accesibilidad universal y diseño para todas las personas.
We are in a socio-demographic context in which the number of people in need of care, mainly people over the age of 65, a majority collective today, in Spain, is increasing progressively. This leads to new demands and expectations about the attention paid. This means that social intervention is facing a great challenge. So far, the forms of social intervention and care provided by the system do not seem to fully meet emerging needs, mainly because of their poor adaptation to new social contexts and lifestyles.Socially professional figures such as that of the personal assistant represent a profitable and sustainable investment in the context of the care and provision of services, since, from the professional practice of Social Work, as well as from the academic prism or researcher, it is a bet so that people in dependency can carry out their life project with freedom and independence. Therefore, this work aims on the one hand to make visible the needs perceived and expressed by the elderly and/or in a situation of dependence, as well as their demands and, on the other hand, to define a new professional figure conceptualized as Technical of Personal Autonomy and Prevention of dependency (TAP) that responds to the challenges posed through the implementation of new interventions based on the paradigm of universal accessibility and design for all people.
Pandemia por COVID-19 y los desafíos de avizorar/ocluir problemas sociales. Un análisis desde las políticas sociales como grafías
Authors: Cena Rebeca 
Published: December 2020

El título que posee este escrito se vincula al contexto de la pandemia y los desafíos de avizorar y/o de ocluir problemas sociales. Este artículo ha sido elaborado con la intención de compartir un ejercicio de problematización en relación a las políticas sociales. El objetivo es analizar una serie de políticas sociales que se han implementado en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en Argentina y que serán abordadas aquí en tanto grafías. Es decir, en tanto símbolos que nos permiten tensionar algunos aspectos respecto a las sociedades donde se implementan. Se trabaja a partir del análisis documental explorando algunas intervenciones sociales que se han dado desde marzo a agosto de 2020. Se concluye que estas intervenciones estatales operan como indicios acerca de un capítulo no menor de los problemas expresión de la cuestión social. Junto con ello, que en tanto disputa de sentidos, recorte y delimitación, participan de la definición de algunos problemas incluyendo otros.
The title of this writing is linked to the context of the pandemic and the challenges of envisioning and / or occluding social problems. This article has been prepared with the intention of sharing an exercise of problematization in relation to social policies. The objective of this writing is to analyze a series of social policies that have been implemented in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina and that will be addressed here as spellings. That is, as symbols that allow us to stress some aspects regarding the societies where they are implemented. It works from the documentary analysis exploring some social interventions that have taken place from March to August 2020. It is concluded that these state interventions operate as indications about a not minor chapter of the problems expressing the social question. Along with this, as a dispute of meanings, clipping and delimitation, they participate in the definition of some problems, occluding others.
Serum High Sensitive Cardiac Troponin-T (hs-cTnT) as a Biomarker in Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension due to Congenital Left to Right Cardiac Shunt
Authors: Sameaa Hadeer Thabet Abd El , Shabana Ahmed Hamdy , Ammo Desoky Ezzat Abo , Zoair Amr Mohamed 
Published: December 2020

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a frequent complication of congenital heart disease (CHD) with left-to-right shunt. Increased pulmonary pressure leads to vascular remodeling and RV dysfunction.
Objectives: To analyze the role of high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs -cTnT) in the determination of myocardial injury caused by volume and pressure load due to pulmonary hypertension (PH) in children with left to right cardiac shunt.
Patients and Methods: Twenty patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) with left to right shunt and PAH-CHD, 20 patients with CHD with left to right shunt but without PH, and 20 healthy children, in total 60 individuals, were included in the study. All cases aged between 3 and 36 months. Plain x-ray chest and heart, electrocardiography, Doppler and Two –dimensional, M- mode echocardiographic evaluation of CHD and pulmonary pressure were performed in all patients. Blood samples were obtained from all cases for measurement of serum high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) levels by highly sensitive third-generation quantitative test.
Results: The mean hs-cTnT levels were significantly higher in patients with PH than in patients without PH (p < 0.05) with a sensitivity 70% and specificity 95%. A statistically significant positive correlation was determined between pulmonary artery pressure and hs-cTnT levels, and significant negative correlation with EF% and FS %( by echocardiography).
Conclusions: Serum levels of high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) were significantly elevated in PAH-CHD children denoting myocardial injury caused by volume and pressure load due to PH in children with left to right cardiac shunts, so it could be used as a cardiac biomarker in PAH-CHD children with good diagnostic and prognostic value and high sensitivity and specificity, which may be useful in the management of PH in childhood.
Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Multifocal Electroretinography Results in the Long-Term Follow-Up of Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Cetınkaya Ersan , Inan Sibel , Yıgıt Kenan , Sabaner Mehmet Cem , Inan Ümit Übeyt 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To investigate the changes in macular retinal layers and panretinal neuroretinal functions in the long-term follow-up of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.
Materials and Methods: Forty-one patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma were followed up for 12 months. According to their mean deviation (MD) values), the patients were put into two groups as Group 1 with early stage glaucoma (MD≥-6) and Group 2 with middle-advanced stage glaucoma (MD<-6). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) were performed at the baseline and at the sixth- and 12th-month evaluations. The OCT, retinal layer and mfERG findings were compared between the two groups.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of gender and age In Group 2, the mean baseline macula Retina Nerve Fiber Layer, Ganglion Cell Layer and Inner Pleksiform Layer measurements were lower in each quadrant compared to Group 1. Concerning progression in OCT measurements, there was no significant difference between the two groups. However, it was noteworthy that in Group 2, there was a decrease especially in the first and second ring amplitudes of the P1 and N2 waves and prolongation of the implicit time. At the 12-month evaluation, there was prolongation of the implicit time of the N1 wave and a decrease in the P1 wave amplitude in Group 1.
Conclusion: Retinal layers are affected in patients with intermediate and advanced stage glaucoma. In the follow-up of early stage glaucoma patients, mfERG measurements can show damage that may occur.
High Disease Severity Among Asian Patients in a US Multiethnic Cohort of Individuals With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: DeQuattro Kimberly , Trupin Laura , Murphy Louise B. , Rush Stephanie , Criswell Lindsey A. , Lanata Cristina M. , Dall'Era Maria , Katz Patricia , Yazdany Jinoos 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveKnowledge about systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) outcomes among US Asian patients is lacking. The present study was undertaken to examine SLE disease activity, severity, and damage among Asian patients of primarily Chinese and Filipino descent in a multiethnic cohort.MethodsCalifornia Lupus Epidemiology Study (n = 328) data were analyzed. Data were collected in English, Cantonese, Mandarin, or Spanish using validated instruments for disease activity (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index), disease severity (Lupus Severity Index [LSI]), and disease damage (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index). We assessed differences in SLE outcomes among racial/ethnic groups using multivariable linear regression including interaction terms for age at diagnosis and race/ethnicity.ResultsAsian was the largest racial/ethnic group (38% [Chinese = 22%; Filipino = 9%; Other = 7%]). Average age at diagnosis was younger among Asian patients (27.9 years), particularly Filipino patients (22.2 years), compared with White (29.4 years) and Black patients (34.0 years). After adjustment, disease activity and damage were not significantly different across groups. Disease severity among Asian patients was significantly higher than among White patients (LSI score 7.1 versus 6.5; P < 0.05) but similar among Black and Hispanic patients. Early age at diagnosis was associated with greater organ damage among Asian, Black, and Hispanic patients, but not White patients.ConclusionSLE was more severe among US Asian patients compared to White patients. Filipinos were affected at strikingly young ages. Asian patients and non‐White groups with younger age at diagnosis had greater organ damage than White patients. Such racial/ethnic distinctions suggest the need for heightened clinical awareness to improve health outcomes among Asian patients with SLE. Further study of SLE outcomes across a range of US Asian subgroups is important.
Highly Stable CsPbX3/PbSO4 Core/Shell Nanocrystals Synthesized by a Simple Post‐Treatment Strategy
Authors: Zhong Qixuan , Liu Jun , Chen Shuhua , Li Pengli , Chen Jianian , Guan Wenhao , Qiu Yinghua , Xu Yong , Cao Muhan , Zhang Qiao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAll‐inorganic lead halide perovskite (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I, or their mixture) nanocrystals (NCs) have recently emerged as a promising photoelectric material; however, developing highly stable CsPbX3 NCs still remains a challenge due to their intrinsic ionic nature. This work presents a simple and facile post‐treatment strategy to encapsulate CsPbX3 NC with PbSO4 nanoshell at single‐particle level. Compared to pristine CsPbX3 NCs, the as‐prepared CsPbX3/PbSO4 NCs exhibit significant enhancement in the optical properties. Benefiting from the efficient protection of inert PbSO4 nanoshell, the obtained CsPbX3/PbSO4 core/shell NCs demonstrate great stability against polar solvents, including ethanol and acetone, and light irradiation. Furthermore, anion‐exchange reaction is strongly restricted upon the encapsulation of PbSO4 shell. This work provides an alternative approach for the synthesis of highly stable CsPbX3 NCs, and paves a new way for the preparation of core/shell heterostructures based on lead halide perovskite NCs.
Narrowband Emission from Organic Fluorescent Emitters with Dominant Low‐Frequency Vibronic Coupling
Authors: Qiu Xu , Tian Guangjun , Lin Chengwei , Pan Yuyu , Ye Xiyun , Wang Bohan , Ma Dongge , Hu Dehua , Luo Yi , Ma Yuguang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOrganic fluorescent emitters with narrowband emissions are highly desirable for high‐resolution organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display technology. In principle, this can be achieved by specifically controlling the intrinsic structural relaxation and vibronic coupling in the excited state. Here, a design strategy to realize narrowband emission of organic fluorescent emitters is proposed by significantly enhancing the low‐frequency vibronic coupling strength (Λ) while simultaneously reducing the high‐frequency Λ of the commonly involved stretching modes. The quinolino‐[3,2,1‐de]acridine‐5,9‐dione (QAO) species is found to be directly associated with this design principle. By introducing single bond‐linked peripheral moieties into the QAO core, the constructed QAO derivatives are shown to exhibit better performance, by achieving a full width at half‐maximum of 23 nm/0.13 eV in toluene for the narrowest band as well as 27 nm/0.15 eV in doped devices, with negligible dependence on the doping concentrations. The maximum external quantum efficiency of the fabricated blue OLED is 17.5%.
Enhanced Sampling Path Integral Methods Using Neural Network Potential Energy Surfaces with Application to Diffusion in Hydrogen Hydrates
Authors: Cendagorta Joseph R. , Shen Hengyuan , Bačić Zlatko , Tuckerman Mark E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe high cost of ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations to model complex physical and chemical systems limits its ability to address many key questions. However, new machine learning‐based representations of complex potential energy surfaces have been introduced in recent years to circumvent computationally demanding AIMD simulations while retaining the same level of accuracy. As these machine learning methods gain in popularity over the next decade, it is important to address the appropriate way to develop and integrate them with well‐established simulation methods. This paper details the parameterization and training, using accurate electronic structure calculations, of artificial neural network potentials (NNPs) to model the intermolecular interactions in a hydrogen clathrate hydrate, wherein hydrogen molecules are confined inside the cavities of the 3D crystalline framework of hydrogen‐bonded water molecules. This new NNP is used in conjunction with new path‐integral based enhanced sampling methods, for inclusion of nuclear quantum effects and promotion of free energy barrier crossing, in order to determine properties that are important for understanding the diffusion of hydrogen gas in the clathrate system. These simulations demonstrate the influence of cage occupancy on the free energy barriers that determine the diffusivity of hydrogen gas through the network of large cages.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Ba8Ga16Ge30 Clathrate by Modulation Doping and Improved Carrier Mobility
Authors: Zhang Yifei , Brorsson Joakim , Qiu Ren , Palmqvist Anders E. C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractType‐I inorganic clathrates are promising high temperature thermoelectric materials. They are known for their intrinsic low thermal conductivity, but a moderate power factor leaves room for further improvement. In this paper, a new route for improving the power factor by enhanced carrier mobility achieved via modulation doping is reported. A series of clathrates with composition Ba8(AlxGa1−x)16Ge30 are synthesized through ball milling and spark plasma sintering of mixtures of Ba8Al16Ge30 and Ba8Ga16Ge30. Among the materials with x = 0.20, 0.23, and 0.25, it is found that the electrical conductivity is significantly enhanced with increasing x, while the Seebeck coefficient decreases slightly. It is further revealed that the carrier mobility of the sintered sample x = 0.25 is greatly increased, reaching a value that exceeds that for a single crystal. Electron microscopy analysis reveals that the material consists of a heterostructure and is composed of a Ga‐rich clathrate matrix phase and Al particles, suggesting that the power factor enhancement is due to modulation doping. As a result, the highest power factor is achieved for Ba8(Al0.25Ga0.75)16Ge30, with a value of 1.89 mW m−1 K−2 at 800 °C. Consequently, the maximum zT of sample x = 0.25 reaches 0.93 at 800 °C.
Counter‐Intuitive Structural Instability Aroused by Transition Metal Migration in Polyanionic Sodium Ion Host
Authors: Liu Rui , Zheng Shiyao , Yuan Yifei , Yu Pengfei , Liang Ziteng , Zhao Weimin , Shahbazian‐Yassar Reza , Ding Jianxu , Lu Jun , Yang Yong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe structure of polyanionic materials is conventionally known to be free of transition metal migration and structurally stable when storing/releasing sodium ions. Herein, the observation of enhanced cycling stability of a typical polyanionic cathode, Na3VCr(PO4)3 (NVCP) at lower temperature (−15 °C vs 30 °C), triggers the exploration of its structural origins with a surprising finding that the migratable nature of vanadium in NVCP leads to detrimental structural degradation of the polyanionic host upon cycling. The correlation between long range and short range structural change associated with this atomic migration is established via a strong combination of various in situ/ex situ characterization tools, revealing the essential V–to–Na1 site migration. Such transition metal migration is effectively suppressed when V atoms are pinned to their original position in the lattice by lowering the temperature. More importantly and practically, a room temperature‐based deep sodiation strategy is further developed to recover the structure. This work challenges the long‐standing assumption of the stability of the polyanionic framework structure and calls for urgent attention to the structural understanding of the NVCP system as well as strategy development for property enhancement.
DFT Mechanistic Study on Palladium‐Catalyzed Redox‐Neutral Hydroarylation of Unactivated Alkenes with Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Zhou Jianguo , Zhou Yongzhu , Li Yanxia , Zhang Jie , Zhang Lei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDensity functional calculations were carried out on the mechanism of a palladium‐catalyzed hydroarylation reaction of β,γ‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds with arylboronic acids reported by Engle's group. The proposed reaction pathway consists of several key mechanistic steps, including the chelation of substrate 1 a, transmetalation of organoboron 2 a, migratory insertion, protodepalladation, and dechelation of product 3 a, among which the transmetalation step is rate‐determining with a free‐energy barrier of 27.0 kcal/mol. Experimental researchers proposed that the chelation of Daugulis's 8‐aminoquinoline (AQ) directing group facilitated the desired hydroarylation in a γ‐selective manner. However, the present study revealed that the chelation of AQ indeed retarded the delivery of the aryl group to the double bond and the regioselectivity was not necessarily the result of this group. Indeed, it could effectively prevent the homocoupling of 2 a, because the homocoupling was predicted to be easier than the desired hydroarylation in the absence of AQ. Additionally, some reductive coupling pathways between 1 a and 2 a were designed, and the competition of them was discussed in great detail. Lastly, the extension of this synthetic strategy to other types of alkenes was predicted.
Incorporating of layered double hydroxide/sepiolite to improve the performance of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) composite membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Charradi Khaled , Ahmed Zakarya , Thmaini Noura , Aranda Pilar , Al‐Ghamdi Youssef O. , Ocon Pilar , Keshk Sherif M. A. S. , Chtourou Radouane 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) with a low sulfonation degree was blended using nanofiller layered double hydroxide (LDH, Mg2AlCl)/sepiolite nanostructured material as additive to use as an electrolyte membrane for fuel cell application. Characterization assessments, that is, mechanical stability, thermal gravimetric analysis, ion exchange capability, swelling properties, water uptake capacities, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the composite membranes were conducted. The presence of LDH/sepiolite nanoarchitectured material within SPEEK was found to have the highest water retention and proton conductivity value at high temperature rather than LDH/SPEEK and pristine SPEEK membranes.
The lasting impact of colonial trauma in India: Links to Hindu nationalism
Authors: Rao Jyoti M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHindu supremacist ideology and Hindu nationalism are recently resurgent in India's far‐right government. This ideology has manifested itself in increased religious intolerance and human rights violations, including escalating oppression of religious and other minorities, journalists, civil rights advocates, and others. Using psychoanalytic theories of social trauma, groups, and prejudice, I link present‐day disturbances to the profound social trauma engendered by the colonial occupation of India by the British in multiple forms for nearly 200 years.
Pt Nanoparticles Supported on a Dynamic Boronate Ester‐Based G‐quadruplex Hydrogel as a Nanoreactor
Authors: Ghosh Tapas , Biswas Ankan , Bhowmik Sourav , Das Apurba K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHerein, we have reported a dynamic boronic ester mediated guanosine (G) based G‐quadruplex hydrogel as an ideal template for in situ and ‘green chemical’ approach for the synthesis and stabilization of Pt NPs. 11B NMR and FT‐IR spectra reveal the formation of dynamic boronate ester bonds. The TEM images of the G‐quadruplex hydrogel reveal entangled three‐dimensional (3D) crosslink nanofibrillar networks with average diameter of 20 nm. Similarly, AFM images of the hydrogel show dense nanofibrillar assembly with an average height of 6 nm. The in situ generated Pt NPs have been characterized using TEM and XPS techniques. The average size of the nanofiber supported Pt NPs is 1.5 nm. The Pt NPs embedded G‐quadruplex hydrogel shows better mechanical stiffness than the native hydrogel as the storage modulus (G′) increases to 2250 Pa from 317.08 Pa after the in situ generation of Pt NPs. Furthermore, G‐quadruplex hydrogel supported Pt NPs have been used as a catalytic system for hydrogenation reaction of different aromatic nitro compounds in aqueous medium. The use of G‐quadruplex molecular system as a template for the synthesis and stabilization of metal NPs would be an interesting area of research.