bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chest CT for early detection and management of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a report of 314 patients admitted to Emergency Department with suspected pneumonia
Authors: Gaia Cartocci , Maria Chiara Colaiacomo , Silvia Lanciotti , Chiara Andreoli , Maria Luisa De Cicco , Giulia Brachetti , Silvia Pugliese , Lucia Capoccia , Alessandra Tortora , Annarita Scala , Cristina Valentini , Maria Almberger , Maria Rosaria D’Aprile , Giacinta Avventurieri , Riccardo Giura , Zaher Kharrub , Andrea Leonardi , Maddalena Boccia , Catalano Carlo , Paolo Ricci 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of our study was to assess the potential role of chest CT in the early detection of COVID-19 pneumonia and to explore its role in patient management in an adult Italian population admitted to the Emergency Department.

Methods
Three hundred and fourteen patients presented with clinically suspected COVID-19, from March 3 to 23, 2020, were evaluated with PaO2/FIO2 ratio from arterial blood gas, RT-PCR assay from nasopharyngeal swab sample and chest CT. Patients were classified as COVID-19 negative and COVID-19 positive according to RT-PCR results, considered as a reference. Images were independently evaluated by two radiologists blinded to the RT-PCR results and classified as “CT positive” or “CT negative” for COVID-19, according to CT findings.

Results
According to RT-PCR results, 152 patients were COVID-19 negative (48%) and 162 were COVID-19 positive (52%). We found substantial agreement between RT-PCR results and CT findings (p < 0.000001), as well as an almost perfect agreement between the two readers. Mixed GGO and consolidation pattern with peripheral and bilateral distribution, multifocal or diffuse abnormalities localized in both upper lung and lower lung, in association with interlobular septal thickening, bronchial wall thickening and air bronchogram, showed higher frequency in COVID-positive patients. We also found a significant correlation between CT findings and patient’s oxygenation status expressed by PaO2/FIO2 ratio.

Conclusion
Chest CT has a useful role in the early detection and in patient management of COVID-19 pneumonia in a pandemic. It helps in identifying suspected patients, cutting off the route of transmission and avoiding further spread of infection.
Herkunftsbedingte Leistungsdisparitäten: Die Rolle von Selbstwirksamkeitsüberzeugungen und Unterstützungshandlungen von Eltern und Leistungserwartungen von Lehrpersonen
Authors: Niederbacher Edith , Neuenschwander Markus P. 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungBei der Erklärung von herkunftsbedingten Leistungsdisparitäten spielen neben strukturellen Merkmalen familiäre und schulische Prozessmerkmale eine wichtige Rolle. Die vorliegende Studie versucht, den Zusammenhang zwischen dem elterlichen Ausbildungsniveau und Leistungen in Deutsch und Mathematik mittels Selbstwirksamkeitsüberzeugungen zur Lernunterstützung und Unterstützungshandlungen von Eltern sowie mittels Leistungserwartungen von Lehrpersonen zu erklären. Die Ergebnisse von Strukturgleichungsmodellen und Mediationsanalysen zeigten, dass der Zusammenhang zwischen dem elterlichen Ausbildungsniveau und den Leistungen in beiden Fächern durch Leistungserwartungen von Lehrpersonen sowie im Fach Deutsch durch elterliche Selbstwirksamkeitsüberzeugungen und Leistungserwartungen von Lehrpersonen (multiple Mediation) erklärt wird. Die Analysen wurden für zwei Gruppen (einsprachige und fremd- bzw. mehrsprachige Schülerinnen und Schüler) durchgeführt. Leistungsdisparitäten zwischen einsprachigen und fremd- bzw. mehrsprachigen Kindern wurden nicht durch unterschiedliche Zusammenhänge zwischen den Konzepten, sondern durch Mittelwertunterschiede in bestimmten Variablen erklärt.
Novel Biomarkers in Sinonasal Cancers: from Bench to Bedside
Authors: Lechner Matt , Liu Jacklyn , Lund Valerie J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Sinonasal cancers are a heterogenous group of rare cancers for which histopathological diagnosis can be very challenging and treatment options are limited for advanced disease in particular. Here, we review the candidacy of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and therapeutic targets for sinonasal cancers.

Recent Findings
Molecular multidimensional analyses of sinonasal cancers have been lagging behind other major cancers, but there are numerous publications describing the discovery of novel candidate biomarkers, e.g. the methylation classifier, originally developed for brain cancers, and gene expression panels for the prediction of response to induction chemotherapy in sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma. The most promising biomarkers are summarized and discussed further with regard to their clinical applicability and future potential.

Summary
Many of the described novel biomarkers for sinonasal cancers will eventually overcome the pitfalls associated with the frequently non-specific immunohistological tests. With comprehensive, multidimensional molecular testing of these tumours in collaborative consortia projects, our better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of sinonasal cancers and their carcinogenesis will determine the most useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, allow stringent multi-institutional validation and guide trials on targeted therapies.
Slurs and Expressive Commitments
Authors: Hess Leopold 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMost accounts of the derogatory meaning of slurs are semantic. Recently, Nunberg (2018) proposed a purely pragmatic account offering a compelling picture of the relation between derogatory content and social context. Nunberg posits that the semantic content of slurs is identical to that of neutral counterparts, and that derogation is a result of the association of slur use with linguistic conventions of bigoted speakers. The mechanism responsible for it is a special kind of conversational implicature. However, this paper argues that Nunberg’s proposal suffers from technical and conceptual problems regarding the application of the concepts of implicature and convention. It is proposed that the implicature mechanism should be replaced by expressive commitment attribution (developed for expressives in Hess Journal of Pragmatics, 129,13–33 2018, 2019). The account advocated here preserves crucial insights of Nunberg’s analysis (and incorporates elements of other pragmatic accounts, cf. Anderson and Lepore Noûs 47(1), 25–48, 2013a, Analytic Philosophy 54(3), 350–363, 2013b; Bolinger Nous, 51(3), 439–462, 2017), giving them a firmer conceptual basis. It supports a distinction between derogation and offensiveness of slurs that improves on the one proposed by Hom and May (Analytic Philosophy 54(3), 293–313 2013), and sheds light on puzzling borderline cases: the use of slurs by ignorant speakers and controversies surrounding the status of some words as potentially slurs.
Sarcopenia in cancer—a focus on elderly cancer patients
Authors: Marhold Maximilian , Topakian Thais , Unseld Matthias 
Published: July 2020

SummaryGeriatric assessments, nutritional counseling and monitoring of muscle health before and during therapy are of high clinical significance in the management of elderly cancer patients. Criteria, data and cut-offs characterizing cancer-related geriatric sarcopenia are sparse and no consensus about definitions exists to date. We hence highlight a need for clinical trials focusing on sarcopenia in elderly cancer patients, based on its high prevalence and potential negative consequences on therapy outcomes, mortality, quality of life and physical mobility.
Soles of the Feet Meditation Intervention for People with Intellectual Disability and Problems with Anger and Aggression—a Feasibility Study
Authors: Roberts Judith L. , Williams Jonathan , Griffith Gemma Maria , Jones Robert S. P. , Hastings Richard P. , Crane Rebecca , Bryning Lucy , Hoare Zoe , Edwards Rhiannon Tudor 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) such as the ‘Soles of the Feet’ (SoF) meditation have been shown to be effective for reducing aggressive behavior in people with intellectual disabilities (ID). Research on SoF has shown promising results in the USA but there is an absence of evidence for the approach in the United Kingdom (UK). The aim of this research was to adapt SoF for the UK and to assess the feasibility and cost of implementing the SoF intervention in a UK healthcare setting (UK SoF).

Methods
The UK SoF intervention consisted of a manualized protocol delivered over a six-week period by National Health Service staff to people with ID and their carers. This was a single-arm study with three measurement time points (baseline and 2- and 6-month follow-ups).

Results
The UK SoF intervention was shown to be feasible, with recruitment, retention, and adherence figures exceeding the minimum cut-off of 50%. Costs were £2426 per participant, or £2766 when including set-up costs such as therapist training. Although not a primary aim, data suggest that at 6-month follow-up, there was a reduction in scores for anger and aggressive behavior, and depression and anxiety showed improvement. In addition, people with ID were able to self-report on their health-related quality of life.

Conclusions
This study has indicated areas where the protocol could be further improved, and it is recommended that the research should move to a pilot trial before the development of a full randomized control trial.
Generation of a Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome monkey model by base editing
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhang Weiqi , Yang Qiaoyan , Kang Yu , Fan Yanling , Wei Jingkuan , Liu Zunpeng , Dai Shaoxing , Li Hao , Li Zifan , Xu Lizhu , Chu Chu , Qu Jing , Si Chenyang , Ji Weizhi , Liu Guang-Hui , Long Chengzu , Niu Yuyu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany human genetic diseases, including Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), are caused by single point mutations. HGPS is a rare disorder that causes premature aging and is usually caused by a de novo point mutation in the LMNA gene. Base editors (BEs) composed of a cytidine deaminase fused to CRISPR/Cas9 nickase are highly efficient at inducing C to T base conversions in a programmable manner and can be used to generate animal disease models with single amino-acid substitutions. Here, we generated the first HGPS monkey model by delivering a BE mRNA and guide RNA (gRNA) targeting the LMNA gene via microinjection into monkey zygotes. Five out of six newborn monkeys carried the mutation specifically at the target site. HGPS monkeys expressed the toxic form of lamin A, progerin, and recapitulated the typical HGPS phenotypes including growth retardation, bone alterations, and vascular abnormalities. Thus, this monkey model genetically and clinically mimics HGPS in humans, demonstrating that the BE system can efficiently and accurately generate patient-specific disease models in non-human primates.
The Role of Nonmedical Therapeutic Approaches in the Rehabilitation of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Authors: Boichat Charlotte , Llewellyn Alison , Grieve Sharon , McCabe Candida 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurpose of the ReviewNonmedical therapeutic approaches are fundamental to the management of of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) in order to promote the best outcome for patients. This review focuses on three key approaches underpinning CRPS rehabilitation, namely, physiotherapy and occupational therapy, psychological approaches and education and self-management.Recent FindingsRecently published European standards outline the quality of therapeutic care that people with CRPS must receive. Early initiated therapy is essential to optimise outcomes, underpinned by patient education. Therapists should promote early movement of the affected limb and encourage re-engagement with usual activities as immobilisation is known to have negative outcomes. There is evidence to support the possible long-term benefit of graded motor imagery and mirror therapy. Psychological assessment should include identification of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, as treatment of these conditions may improve the trajectory of CRPS. Novel therapies include neurocognitive approaches and those addressing spatial bias, both of which should provide a focus for future research.SummaryThere exists a broad range of nonmedical therapeutic approaches to rehabilitation for CPRS that are thought to be important. However, the evidence for their efficacy is limited. Further research using standardised outcomes would be helpful in developing targeted therapies for the future.
Unicorns—what drives multibillion-dollar valuations?
Authors: Bock Carolin , Hackober Christian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe number of ventures with a market value of one billion USD or more has considerably increased during the last decade. Driven by new technologies and business models, these ventures became an integral part of our daily life. Particularly, the number of unicorns based in China and other regions outside the US raised during recent years whereas the phenomenon was initially limited to the US region. Existing research has mainly focused on descriptive approaches to examine the rise of these ventures but lacks knowledge on the drivers of this phenomenon. We address these research gaps and investigate the underlying factors that foster the emergence of such high-valued ventures. Our results present several economic environmental as well as investor-related factors that impact the likelihood for a venture to achieve a market valuation of more than one billion USD. Subsequently, we derive theoretical and practical implications that may foster the future emergence of new high-valued ventures, covering regulatory, investor- and venture-specific aspects.
Female Genital Self-Image in Women With and Without Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Rouzi Abdulrahim A. , Berg Rigmor C. , Alamoudi Rana , Alzaban Faten , Sehlo Mohammad 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The consequences of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) on female genital self-image are not known.

Aim
To assess whether women with and without FGM/C differed with regard to female genital self-image.

Methods
A survey was administered to a group of women attending the King Abdulaziz University Hospital obstetrics and gynecology clinic from December 2016 to August 2017. 963 consecutive adult women seen at the clinic completed the survey.

Main outcome measures
The main outcome measure of this study was female genital self-image being assessed with the female genital self-image scale (FGSIS).

Results
One-fifth (18.2%) of the women self-reported having undergone FGM/C as young girls. Women with FGM/C had a similar FGSIS score as women with no FGM/C (21.3 ± 4.6, n = 175 vs 21.6 ± 4.8, n = 756, analysis of variance, P = .37). In multivariate regression analysis, only level of education remained independently associated with the FGSIS score. Women with some university education had a greater mean FGSIS score than women with no university education (22.1 ± 4.49, n = 564 vs 20.8 ± 5.03, n = 399, P &lt; .0001).

Conclusions
Women with and without FGM/C in a Saudi Arabian clinic generally had a similarly positive genital self-image. Only level of education was independently associated with the FGSIS score.
Rouzi AA, Berg RC, Alamoudi R, et al. Female Genital Self-Image in Women With and Without Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Sex Med 2020;8:752–756.
Expressions of psychological distress in Sierra Leone: implications for community-based prevention and response
Authors: Horn Rebecca , Sesay Simeon S. , Jalloh Mamadu , Bayoh Amjata , Lavally Joan B. , Ager Alastair 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Over recent decades there has been considerable mental health research in Sierra Leone but little on local conceptualisations of mental health conditions. Understanding these is crucial both for identifying the experienced needs of the population and utilising relevant community-based resources to address them. This study took a grounded approach to identify the ways in which adults in Sierra Leone express psychological distress.

Methods
Rapid ethnographic methods deployed included 75 case study interviews with community members, 12 key informant (KI) pile sorts and 55 KI interviews. Thematic analysis of data was supported by frequency analysis and multi-dimensional scaling.

Results
Thirty signs of distress were identified. The only consistent ‘syndrome’ identified with respect to these was a general concept of crase, which referred to psychosis-related presentation but also a wide range of other signs of distress. We did not find consensus on locally defined concepts for mild-moderate forms of mental disorder: people use multiple overlapping signs and terms indicating psychological distress.

Conclusions
Analysis supports calls to view mental health problems as a ‘continuum of distress’ rather than as discrete categories. This framing is coherent with opportunities for prevention and response in Sierra Leone which do not focus primarily on formal healthcare service providers but rather involve a range of community-based actors. It also enables attention to be paid to the identification of milder signs of distress with a view to early response and prevention of more severe mental health problems.
The effects of dietary lipids and roughage level on dairy goat performance, milk physicochemical composition, apparent transfer efficiency and biohydrogenation rate of milk fatty acids
Authors: Büyükkılıç Beyzi S. , Gorgulu M. , Kutlu H. R. , Konca Y. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe study was conducted to investigate the effects of fish or palm oil diets with different roughage levels on dairy performance, milk physicochemical composition and apparent transfer efficiency of fatty acids (FA) in goat milk. The experiment was conducted with 40 Aleppo goats with a mean parity of 2.53 ± 0.8 (multiparous), mean initial body weight of 47.23 kg and 25 ± 5 days in milk which were allocated to four (2 × 2) experimental diets with two oil sources (fish or palm oil) at 25.6 g/kg of dietary dry matter and forage levels (400 or 600 g/kg). The experimental data were analysed by repeated measures analysis, using the MIXED procedure. The concentrations of saturated FA decreased with high forage level and fish oil diets; however, the fish oil diets caused an increase in C14 saturated FA. Fish oil diets with high roughage levels more efficiently increased conjugated linoleic acid, n-6 (18 : 2), and n-3 (20 : 5). The apparent transfer efficiency of 18 : 1, 18 : 2, 18 : 3 and 20 : 5 decreased and the transfer efficiency of 22 : 6 increased with the use of fish oil in the diet. The roughage level did not affect the apparent transfer efficiency of 18 : 1 and 18 : 2, but the low roughage level increased the apparent transfer efficiency of 20 : 5. High roughage diets improved milk quality parameters through increasing eicosapentaenoic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), PUFA/saturated FA and atherogenicity index, thus it was concluded that dietary roughage level could be considered as an important designator of milk quality when a supplement of fish oil and palm oil was supplied to goats.
Survey and analysis of knowledge, attitude and practice among otolaryngologists in a state in eastern India in relation to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Banerjee S , Sarkar S , Bandyopadhyay S N 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has resulted in various changes in knowledge, attitude and practice among doctors. A survey was conducted of otolaryngologists in India regarding these aspects in relation to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.MethodOtolaryngologists from West Bengal (India) were invited to participate in an online self-administered survey. Data were collected and analysed using appropriate methods.ResultsResponses from 133 participants, grouped into 4 groups by their career stage, were collected and analysed. Of the participants, 36.8 per cent were directly involved in treating a known or suspected coronavirus disease 2019 patient, although 66.2 per cent considered the personal protective equipment inadequate. Ninety-four per cent indicated that their willingness to perform procedures depended on personal protective equipment availability. Of the respondents, 83.5 per cent revealed additional mental stress due to the pandemic. Of the participants, 41.4 per cent took hydroxychloroquine as coronavirus disease 2019 prophylaxis.ConclusionThis study provides an insight into which issues may need attention, to help ENT surgeons tackle the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic more effectively based on analysis of responses in the survey.
A new isidiate saxicolous species ofPorina(Ascomycota,Ostropales,Porinaceae)
Authors: Orange Alan , Palice Zdeněk , Klepsland Jon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPorina collinaOrange, Palice & Klepsland is described as new from siliceous rocks in the Czech Republic, Great Britain and Norway. The thallus produces isidioid propagules which resemble those inP. rosei,P. hibernicaandP. pseudohibernica, but which are more fragile and poorly-defined, and almost ecorticate; the perithecial wall is dark purplish brown and the ascospores are 3-septate. Sequences of the mitochondrial ribosomal DNA suggest that the new species belongs in thePorina byssophilaclade.
Spatial design factors associated with creative work: a systematic literature review
Authors: Thoring Katja , Mueller Roland M. , Desmet Pieter , Badke-Schaub Petra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe term “creative space” describes a relatively recent phenomenon of innovative workplace design. Such creative workspaces are becoming popular in industry and academia. However, the impact of specific spatial design decisions on creativity and innovation is not yet fully understood. This paper provides an overview of state-of-the-art research on creative work and learning environments. We conducted a systematic literature search within the Scopus database and identified a total of 73 relevant sources discussing creative spaces within academic, practice, and other innovation environments. Among the included sources are 51 academic publications and 22 sources from company research and illustrative coffee-table books. We analyzed the sources using three lenses of interest: (1) the types of theoretical and practical contributions that are provided, (2) the spatial characteristics that are suggested to be beneficial for creativity and innovation, and (3) the discussed potential of new technologies for designing or researching creative spaces. The results provide in-depth insight into the current state of research on the topic of creative spaces. Practitioners, educators, and researchers can use the presented overview to investigate the possible impact of creative workspace design and identify research gaps that can be filled by conducting further research in the field.