bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approximation and characterization of Nash equilibria of large games
Authors: Carmona Guilherme , Podczeck Konrad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe characterize Nash equilibria of games with a continuum of players in terms of approximate equilibria of large finite games. This characterization precisely describes the relationship between the equilibrium sets of the two classes of games. In particular, it yields several approximation results for Nash equilibria of games with a continuum of players, which roughly state that all finite-player games that are sufficiently close to a given game with a continuum of players have approximate equilibria that are close to a given Nash equilibrium of the non-atomic game.
Improved cancer detection in Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring by 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT imaging
Authors: Serfling S. , Zhi Y. , Schirbel A. , Lindner T. , Meyer T. , Gerhard-Hartmann E. , Lapa C. , Hagen R. , Hackenberg S. , Buck A. K. , Scherzad A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In cancer of unknown primary (CUP), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with the glucose analog [18F]FDG represents the standard imaging approach for localization of the malignant primary. Frequently, however, [18F]FDG PET/CT cannot precisely distinguish between small occult tumors and chronic inflammation, especially in Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring. To improve the accuracy for detecting primary tumors in the Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring, the novel PET tracer [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-4 for specific imaging of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) expression was used as a more specific target for cancer imaging.

Methods
Eight patients with suspicion of a malignant tumor in Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring or a CUP syndrome were examined. PET/CT scans with [18F]-FDG and [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-4 were performed for pre-operative tumor localization. After surgical resection, histopathological and immunohistochemical results were compared to PET/CT findings.

Results
Histopathology revealed a palatine or lingual tonsil carcinoma in all patients. In case of lymph node metastases smaller than 7 mm in size, the [18F]FDG PET/CT detection rate of cervical lymph node metastases was higher than that of [68Ga]FAPI PET/CT, while both tracers identified the primary tumors in all eight cases. The size of the primary and the lymph node metastases was directly correlated to the respective FAP expression, as detected by immunohistochemistry. The mean SUVmax for the primary tumors was 21.29 ± 7.97 for 18F-FDG and 16.06 ± 6.29 for 68Ga-FAPI, respectively (p = 0.2). The mean SUVmax for the healthy contralateral tonsils was 8.38 ± 2.45 for [18F]FDG and 3.55 ± 0.47 for [68Ga]FAPI (p < 0.001). The SUVmax ratio of [68Ga]FAPI was significantly different from [18F] FDG (p = 0.03). Mean TBRmax for the [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-4 tracer was markedly higher in comparison to [18F]FDG (10.90 vs. 4.11).

Conclusion
Non-invasive imaging of FAP expression by [68Ga]FAPI PET/CT resulted in a better visual detection of the malignant primary in CUP, as compared to [18F]FDG imaging. However, the detection rate of lymph node metastases was inferior, presumably due to low FAP expression in small metastases. Nevertheless, by offering a detection method for primary tumors with the potential of lower false positive rates and thus avoiding biopsies, patients with CUP syndrome may benefit from [68Ga]FAPI PET/CT imaging.
The Usefulness of a Preoperative Nomogram for Predicting the Probability of Conversion from Laparoscopic to Open Distal Pancreatectomy: A Single‐Center Experience
Authors: Casadei Riccardo , Ricci Claudio , Ingaldi Carlo , Alberici Laura , Vaccaro Maria Chiara , Galasso Elisa , Minni Francesco 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) represents a challenging procedure with a high conversion rate. A nomogram is a simple statistical predictive tool which is superior to risk groups. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a preoperative nomogram for predicting the probability of conversion from laparoscopic to open distal pancreatectomy.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 100 consecutive patients who underwent LDP. For each patient demographic, pre‐intra‐ and postoperative data were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to identify the factors significantly influencing the conversion rate. The effect of each factor was weighted using the beta coefficient (β), and a nomogram was built. Finally, a logistic regression between the score and the conversion rate was carried out to calibrate the nomogram.ResultsThe conversion rate was 19.0%. At multivariate analysis, female (β =  − 1.8 ± 0.9; P = 0.047) and tail location of the tumor (β =  − 2.1 ± 1.1; P = 0.050) were significantly related to a low probability of conversion. Body mass index (BMI) (β = 0.2 ± 0.1; P = 0.011) and subtotal pancreatectomy (β = 2.4 ± 0.9; P = 0.006) were factors independently related to a high probability of conversion. The nomogram constructed had a minimum value of 4 and a maximum value of 18 points. The probability of conversion increased significantly starting from a minimum score of 6 points (P = 0.029; conversion probability 14.4%; 95%CI, 1.5–27.3%) up to 16 (P = 0.048; 27.8%; 95%CI, 0.2–48.7%).ConclusionThe nomogram proposed could serve as an effective preoperative tool capable of assessing the probability of conversion, allowing to take reliable decisions regarding indications and adequate stepwise training program of LDP.
Telemedizin in der Rheumatologie
Authors: Krusche M. , Mühlensiepen F. , Aries P. , Welcker M. , Knitza J. 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Ausbruch der COVID-19-Pandemie geht mit tief greifenden Einschnitten im Alltag und im Berufsleben einher – sowohl gesamtgesellschaftlich als auch speziell im Gesundheitswesen. Im Fokus der Pandemieeindämmung haben sich vielerorts rheumatologische Routineabläufe verändert. Um den entsprechenden Infektionsschutz der Patienten und des medizinischen Personals gewährleisten zu können, wurde hier verstärkt Telemedizin (insbesondere Telefon- und Videosprechstunde) eingesetzt. Weiterhin stehen durch die Digitale-Gesundheitsanwendungen-Verordnung (DiGAV) voraussichtlich in den kommenden Monaten neue, abrechnungsfähige telemedizinische Anwendungsmöglichkeiten wie Apps und Wearables zur Verfügung. Der Artikel soll einen Überblick über telemedizinische Versorgungsmöglichkeiten in der Rheumatologie (mit besonderem Fokus auf die Videosprechstunde) geben. Weiterhin wird Bezug auf die vorhandene Evidenzlage sowie Chancen und Limitation der Telemedizin im Fachgebiet genommen.
Zum Verhältnis von Zinssatz und Wachstumsrate: Theorie und empirische Evidenz
Authors: von Weizsäcker Carl Christian , Krämer Hagen 
Published: October 2020

ZussamenfassungWir setzen uns in diesem Beitrag mit einigen kritischen Kommentaren von Hans-Werner Sinn, Peter Bofinger und Eckhard Hein auseinander, die diese zu unserem Buch „Sparen und Investieren im 21. Jahrhundert — Die große Divergenz“ im Augustheft 2020 des Wirtschaftsdienst abgegeben haben. Wir befassen uns insbesondere mit dem umstrittenen Phänomen der dynamischen Ineffizienz, mit der Kritik an unserem Konzept der impliziten Staatsverschuldung, mit der Interpretation von ökonomischen Weltbildern sowie dem Vorwurf, monetäre Aspekte in unserer Theorie vernachlässigt zu haben.
Bitcoin, Libra und digitale Zentralbankwährungen — ein Geldsystem der Zukunft?
Authors: Groß Jonas , Herz Bernhard , Schiller Jonathan 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungSeit der Einführung von Bitcoin 2008 und vieler anderer Kryptowährungen ist eine neue Welle innovativer Zahlungsprojekte im Gange, darunter Innovationen wie Libra — als supranationaler Stablecoin konzipiert — und digitale Zentralbankwährungen. Diese privaten und öffentlichen Projekte sind durch verschiedene Wechselbeziehungen miteinander verbunden. Bitcoin hat sich bislang nicht zu einem weit verbreiteten Zahlungsmittel entwickelt, unter anderem wegen der erheblichen Preisvolatilität. Im Gegensatz dazu soll Libra ein eher konventionelles Zahlungsmittel mit engen Beziehungen zum bestehenden Bankensektor werden, was viele Fragen zur Geld- und Finanzstabilität aufwirft. Digitale Zentralbankwährungen könnten als Reaktion des öffentlichen Sektors auf diese privaten Projekte angesehen werden, um die vorherrschende Rolle der Zentralbanken im Währungssystem der Zukunft zu sichern.
Innovation and the commons: lessons from the governance of genetic resources in potato breeding
Authors: Beumer Koen , Stemerding Dirk , Swart Jac. A. A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article explores the relation between innovation and resources that are governed as commons by looking at the governance of potato genetic resources, especially in the context of the emergence ofhybrid diploid potato breedingthat will enable potato propagation through true seeds. As a new breeding tool, hybrid diploid potato breeding may not only revolutionize traditional potato breeding practices, it may also strongly affect current governance modes of potato genetic resources as a commons. Contrary to conventional accounts of the commons that treat technological innovation mainly as an exogenous factor, we argue that technological innovation can better be understood as an endogenous factor. In particular, we develop aco-production frameworkof innovation and the commons that draws attention to the different ways in which innovation, commons and its governance interact. Using this framework, we demonstrate that the constitution of potato genetic resources as a commons cannot be understood without considering the various ways in which technological innovation affects resources and mediate how these are governed. While reversely, technological innovations themselves are also enabled and constrained by users who govern potato genetic resources as a shared resource. We argue that changes in the governance of genetic resources can be understood as a change from one socio-technical constellation to another, whereby innovations, resources, and institutions are continuously co-produced.
Farmers’ perceptions and matching climate records jointly explain adaptation responses in four communities around Lake Tana, Ethiopia
Authors: Darabant András , Habermann Birgit , Sisay Kibruyesfa , Thurnher Christopher , Worku Yonas , Damtew Selamawit , Lindtner Mara , Burrell Leisa , Abiyu Abrham 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFarmers’ climate perceptions are responsible for shaping their adaptive responses and are thus essential to consider for the design of strategies to reduce vulnerability and increase resilience. In this study, we collected social data in four communities in the central Ethiopian Highlands on farmers’ climate perceptions and adaptations using group discussions and PRA tools. We related these to climate data spanning 30 years (1981 to 2010), consisting of daily minimum temperature, maximum temperature and precipitation, modelled for the four communities using global databases and regional meteorological data. We found that farmers’ climate perceptions showed considerable spatial and gender differences. Perceptions matched well with records describing climate variability, particularly in terms of the shortening and the increased variability of the rainy season, as well as the occurrence of extreme drought in recent years. Climate change, described by long-term average increases in temperature and decreases in precipitation, was perceived, but with subordinate priority. Perceived climate impacts included reduced crop yield, increased occurrence of pests and diseases and increased crop damage by extreme events and poverty. Adaptations were mainly land based and included agronomic measures, land management and ecosystem restoration. Furthermore, important gender differences in adaptation could be traced back to typical gender roles. Results highlight the risk of broadcast adaptation programs, such as the government-propagated combination of mineral fertilizers and early maturing crop varieties. Most importantly, they point to the need to consider climate variability, site- and gender-specific perceptions and priorities.
Privacy protection for fog computing and the internet of things data based on blockchain
Authors: Liu Yanhui , Zhang Jianbiao , Zhan Jing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) field, more and more data are generated by IoT devices and transferred over the network. However, a large amount of IoT data is sensitive, and the leakage of such data is a privacy breach. The security of sensitive IoT data is a big issue, as the data is shared over an insecure network channel. Current solutions include symmetric encryption and access controls to secure the data transfer, but they have some drawbacks such as a single point of failure. Blockchain is a promising distributed ledger technology that can prevent the malicious tampering of data, offering reliable data storage. This paper proposes a distributed access control system based on blockchain technology to secure IoT data. The proposed mechanism is based on fog computing and the concept of the alliance chain. This method uses mixed linear and nonlinear spatiotemporal chaotic systems (MLNCML) and the least significant bit (LSB) to encrypt the IoT data on an edge node and then upload the encrypted data to the cloud. The proposed mechanism can solve the problem of a single point of failure of access control by providing the dynamic and fine-grained access control for IoT data. The experimental results of this method demonstrated that it can protect the privacy of IoT data efficiently.
Property, redistribution, and the status quo: a laboratory study
Authors: Chatziathanasiou Konstantin , Hippel Svenja , Kurschilgen Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report experimental evidence showing a positive effect of redistribution on economic efficiency via the self-enforcement of property rights, and identify which status groups benefit more and which less. We model an economy in which wealth is produced if players voluntarily comply with the—efficient but inequitable—prevailing social order. We vary exogenously whether redistribution is feasible, and how it is organized. We find that redistribution benefits all status groups as property disputes recede. It is most effective when transfers are not discretionary but instead imposed by some exogenous administration. In the absence of coercive means to enforce property rights, it is the higher status groups, not the lower status groups, who benefit from redistribution being compulsory rather than voluntary.
Genetic population structure of the monogenean parasite Gyrodactylus thymalli and its host European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) in a large Norwegian lake
Authors: Pettersen Ruben Alexander , Junge Claudia , Østbye Kjartan , Mo Tor Atle , Vøllestad Leif Asbjørn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how populations are structured in space and time is a central question in evolutionary biology. Parasites and their hosts are assumed to evolve together, however, detailed understanding of mechanisms leading to genetic structuring of parasites and their hosts are lacking. As a parasite depends on its host, studying the genetic structure of both parasite and host can reveal important insights into these mechanisms. Here, genetic structure of the monogenean parasiteGyrodactylus thymalliand its host the European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) was investigated in 10 tributaries draining into the large Lake Mjøsa in Norway. The population genetic structure of spawning grayling was studied using microsatellite genotyping, whileG. thymalliwas studied by sequencing a mitochondrial DNA gene (dehydrogenase subunit 5). Two main genetic clusters were revealed in grayling, one cluster comprising grayling from the largest spawning population, while the remaining tributaries formed the second cluster. For both taxa, some genetic differentiation was observed among tributaries, but there was no clear isolation-by-distance signature. The structuring was stronger for the host than for the parasite. These results imply that moderate to high levels of gene flow occur among the sub-populations of both taxa. The high parasite exchange among tributaries could result from a lack of strong homing behavior in grayling as well as interactions among individual fish outside of the spawning season, leading to frequent mixing of both host and parasite.
Landscape factors and how they influence whitefly pests in cassava fields across East Africa
Authors: Macfadyen Sarina , Tay Wee Tek , Hulthen Andrew D. , Paull Cate , Kalyebi Andrew , Jacomb Frances , Parry Hazel , Sseruwagi Peter , Seguni Zuberi , Omongo Christopher Abu , Kachigamba Donald , Otim Michael , Schellhorn Nancy , Polaszek Andrew , Colvin John , De Barro Paul 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Context
African production landscapes are diverse, with multiple cassava cultivars grown in small patches amongst a diversity of other crops. Studies on how diverse smallholder landscapes impact herbivore pest outbreak risk have not been carried out in sub-Saharan Africa.

Objectives
Bemisia tabaci is a cryptic pest species complex that cause damage to cassava through feeding and vectoring plant-virus diseases and are known to reach very high densities in certain contexts. However, the factors driving this phenomenon are unclear.

Methods
Bemisia density data in cassava across a large number of sites representing a geographic gradient across Uganda, Tanzania and Malawi were collected. We tested whether in-field or landscape factors associated with land-use patterns underpinned Bemisia density variability and parasitism.

Results
We found the B. tabaci SSA1 species dominated our study sites, although other species were also common in some cassava fields. Factors associated with the surrounding landscape were unimportant for explaining variability in adult density, but the in-field variables of cassava age and cultivar were very important. The density of nymphs and the parasitism of nymphs was heavily influenced by a diversity of landscape factors surrounding the field, including the size of focal cassava field, and area of cassava in the landscape. However, unlike the trend from many other studies on drivers of natural enemy populations, this pattern was not solely related to the amount of non-crop vegetation, or the diversity of crops grown in the landscape.

Conclusions
Our findings provide management options to reduce whitefly abundance, including describing the characteristics of landscapes with high parasitism. The choice of cassava cultivar by the farmer is critical to reduce whitefly outbreak risk at the landscape-scale.
Pooling Rankings to Obtain a Set of Scores for a Composite Indicator of Erasmus + Mobility Effects
Authors: Fabbris Luigi , Scioni Manuela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study how to assign weights to a set of evaluations obtained at the end of an international mobility experience in order to aggregate them into a composite indicator. The mobility experience was evaluated by three categories of actor: the participant; the school or company sending the participant; and the school or company hosting the participant. We estimated the weights starting from the assessors’ mutual evaluations of the beneficiaries of the mobility experiences. In particular, the aim of the paper was to compare two strategies for estimating the weights: (1) a weighted function of the univariate rank distribution of frequencies; and (2) the normalised elements of the first eigenvector of the dominance matrix computed by mediating the actors’ dominance matrices derived from the rankings of mobility beneficiaries. Variants of the two strategies were also introduced. Even though each strategy had different assumptions, the analyses produced several important findings. First, the optimum weighting model depends on the loss function used to evaluate the quality of the results. In particular abetween-ranking variability functionfavours both univariate and unweighted multivariate models, while abias-based functionfavours weighted multivariate models. Second, in both univariate and multivariate analyses, the application ofrank-order-centroidandrank-reciprocal rulesgive more accurate results than both linear and exponential rules.
Walking for subjects with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and joint AMD/SID/SISMES evidence-based practical guideline
Authors: Moghetti P. , Balducci S. , Guidetti L. , Mazzuca P. , Rossi E. , Schena F. ,   Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Moghetti P. , Balducci S. ,   the Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), Guidetti L. , Schena F. ,   the Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences (SISMES), Mazzuca P. , Rossi E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Aims
Regular exercise is considered a cornerstone in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It improves glucose control and cardiovascular risk factors, contributes to weight loss, and also improves general well-being, likely playing a role in the prevention of chronic complications of diabetes. However, compliance to exercise recommendations is generally inadequate in subjects with T2DM. Walking is the most ancestral form of physical activity in humans, easily applicable in daily life. It may represent, in many patients, a first simple step towards lifestyle changes. Nevertheless, while most diabetic patients do not engage in any weekly walking, exercise guidelines do not generally detail how to improve its use. The aims of this document are to conduct a systematic review of available literature on walking as a therapeutic tool for people with T2DM, and to provide practical, evidence-based clinical recommendations regarding its utilization in these subjects.

Data synthesis
Analysis of available RCTs proved that regular walking training, especially when supervised, improves glucose control in subjects with T2DM, with favorable effects also on cardiorespiratory fitness, body weight, and blood pressure. Moreover, some recent studies have shown that even short bouts of walking, used for breaking prolonged sitting, can ameliorate glucose profiles in diabetic patients with sedentary behavior.

Conclusions
There is sufficient evidence to recognize that walking is a useful therapeutic tool for people with T2DM. This document discusses theoretical and practical issues for improving its use.