bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Cronobacter sakazakii biofilms from food contact surfaces through enzymatic catalysis
Authors: Ripolles‐Avila Carolina , Ríos‐Castillo Abel G. , Fontecha‐Umaña Fabio , Rodríguez‐Jerez José J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBacterial biofilms are highly difficult to control, hence significant economic resources have been allocated to develop strategies to eradicate them. This study evaluated the effect of an enzymatic treatment to be used as a cleaning product to control the presence of biofilms. Two different materials used in the food industry, polystyrene and stainless steel, were tested using Salmonella Typhimuirum and Cronobacter sakazakii. Biofilm formation was carried out by inoculating the surfaces with a standardized concentration of 4 log (CFU cm−2) and incubated for 48 hr with renewal of nutrients. The biofilm formation and subsequent enzymatic treatment were quantified using fluorescence microscopy and the conventional culture method. The enzymatic treatment showed significant reductions of 2–3 log (CFU cm−2) in biofilm cells, which was attributed to the degradation of the extracellular matrix and the further detachment of both microorganisms. The maximum biofilm detachment obtained with the preventive formula was 46.67%; however, this percentage could be increased by applying an aggressive treatment or by adding a subsequent disinfection step that would eliminate adhered microbial cells. Further, the enzymatic cleaning treatment could be exploited as a potent technology to control bacterial adherence and biofilm formation in the food industry.
Deprescribing in Older People Approaching End of Life: A Randomized Controlled Trial Using STOPPFrail Criteria
Authors: Curtin Denis , Jennings Emma , Daunt Ruth , Curtin Sara , Randles Mary , Gallagher Paul , O'Mahony Denis 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVESOlder people approaching end of life are commonly prescribed multiple medications, many of which may be inappropriate or futile. Our objective was to examine the effect of applying the STOPPFrail, a recently developed deprescribing tool, to the medication regimens of older patients with advanced frailty.DESIGNRandomized controlled trial.SETTINGTwo acute hospitals in Ireland.PARTICIPANTSAdults 75 years or older (n = 130) with advanced frailty and polypharmacy (five or more drugs), transferring to long‐term nursing home care.INTERVENTIONA STOPPFrail‐guided deprescribing plan was presented to attending physicians who judged whether or not to implement recommended medication changes.MEASUREMENTSThe primary outcome was the change in the number of regular medications at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included unscheduled hospital presentations, falls, quality of life, monthly medication costs, and mortality.RESULTSIntervention (n = 65) and control group (n = 65) participants were prescribed a mean (plus or minus standard deviation [SD]) of 11.5 (±3.0) and 10.9 (±3.5) medications, respectively, at baseline. The mean (SD) change in the number of medications at 3 months was −2.6 (±2.73) in the intervention group and −.36 (±2.60) in the control group (mean difference = 2.25 ± .54; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18‐3.32; P < .001). The mean change in monthly medication cost was –$74.97 (±$148.32) in the intervention group and –$13.22 (±$110.40) in the control group (mean difference $61.74 ± $26.60; 95% CI = 8.95‐114.53; P = .02). No significant differences were found between groups for any of the other secondary outcomes.CONCLUSIONSTOPPFrail‐guided deprescribing significantly reduced polypharmacy and medication costs in frail older people. No significant differences between groups were observed with regard to falls, hospital presentations, quality of life, and mortality, although the trial was likely underpowered to detect differences in these outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:762–769, 2020
Pain Patterns and Treatment Among Nursing Home Residents With Moderate‐Severe Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Ersek Mary , Nash Princess V. , Hilgeman Michelle M. , Neradilek Moni B. , Herr Keela A. , Block Phoebe R. , Collins Amber N. 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVESTo examine the frequency and severity of pain and use of pain therapies among long‐term care residents with moderate to severe dementia and to explore the factors associated with increased pain severity.DESIGNProspective individual data were collected over 1 to 3 days for each participant.SETTINGSixteen long‐term care facilities in Alabama, Georgia, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey.PARTICIPANTSResidents with moderate to severe cognitive impairment residing in a long‐term care facility for at least 7 days were enrolled (N = 205). Residents were 47% female, predominantly white (69%), and 84 years old, on average (SD = 10 years).MEASUREMENTSA comprehensive pain assessment protocol was used to evaluate pain severity and characteristics through medical record review, interviews with nursing home staff, physical examinations, as well as pain observation tools (Mobilization‐Observation‐Behavior‐Intensity‐Dementia Pain Scale and Pain Intensity Measure for Persons With Dementia). Known correlates were also assessed (agitation, depression, and sleep).RESULTSExperts' pain evaluations indicated that residents' usual pain was mild (mean = 1.6/10), and most experienced only intermittent pain (70%). However, 45% of residents experienced moderate to severe worst pain. Of residents, 90% received a pain therapy, with acetaminophen (87%) and opioids (32%) commonly utilized. Only 3% had a nondrug therapy documented in the medical record. The only resident characteristic that was significantly associated with pain severity was receipt of an opioid in the past week.CONCLUSIONUsing a comprehensive pain assessment protocol, we found that most nursing home residents with moderate to severe dementia had mild usual, intermittent pain and the vast majority received at least one pain therapy in the previous week. Although these findings reflect improvements in pain management compared with older studies, there is still room for improvement in that 45% of the sample experienced moderate to severe pain at some point in the previous week. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:794–802, 2020
New insight into the iliofemoral ligament based on the anatomical study of the hip joint capsule
Authors: Tsutsumi Masahiro , Nimura Akimoto , Akita Keiichi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe iliofemoral ligament, which plays an important role in hip joint stability, is formed on the anterosuperior region of the hip joint capsule. Although the tendon and deep aponeurosis of the gluteus minimus and iliopsoas are partly connected to the same region of the capsule, the precise location of the connections between the joint capsule and the tendons and deep aponeuroses remains unclear. The locations of the tendinous and aponeurotic connections with the joint capsule may clarify whether the iliofemoral ligament can be regarded as the dynamic stabilizer. This study investigated the relationships between the anterosuperior region of the joint capsule and the tendon and deep aponeurosis of the gluteus minimus and iliopsoas. Fourteen hips from nine cadavers (five males; four females; mean age at death 76.7 years) were analyzed. Ten hips were macroscopically analyzed, and four were histologically analyzed. During macroscopic analysis, the joint capsule was detached from the acetabular margin and the femur, and its local thickness was measured using microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT). The gluteus minimus tendon was connected to the joint capsule, and the lateral end of this connection was adjoined with the tubercle of the femur at the superolateral end of the intertrochanteric line. The deep aponeurosis of the iliopsoas was also connected to the joint capsule, and the inferomedial end of its anterior border corresponded with the inferomedial end of the intertrochanteric line. In the micro‐CT analysis, capsular thickening was observed at the base of the connection to the gluteus minimus tendon and at the anterior border of the deep aponeurosis of the iliopsoas. A histological study showed that the gluteus minimus tendon and the deep aponeurosis of the iliopsoas were continuous with the hip joint capsule. Based on the morphology of the tendinous and aponeurotic connections, local capsular thickening and histological continuity, the transverse and descending parts of the iliofemoral ligament were the joint capsules, with fibers arranged according to the connection with the gluteus minimus tendon and the deep aponeurosis of the iliopsoas, respectively. Therefore, the so‐called iliofemoral ligament could be regarded as the dynamic stabilizer, with the ability to transmit the muscular power to the joint via the capsular complex. This anatomical knowledge provides a better understanding of the hip stabilization mechanism.
The anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic effects of advanced anti‐inflammation composition (AAIC) in heat shock‐induced human HaCaT keratinocytes
Authors: Woo Yong‐Kyu , Park Jungha , Ryu Jin‐Hyeob , Cho Hyun‐Jeong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe development of natural cosmetic materials without side effects to protect skin from heat shock is necessary. We recently reported that advanced cooling composition (ACC) has anti‐inflammatory effect in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and strong anti‐microbial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA (Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus), Candida albicans, and Streptococcus mutans.AimsTo further investigate whether advanced anti‐inflammation composition (AAIC), newly developed from existing ACC has beneficial effects in heat shock‐induced immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), HaCaT cells were pretreated with AAIC before heat shock treatment.MethodsCell viability for heat shock treatment and different concentrations of AAIC in HaCaT cells were assessed by MTT assay. Anti‐oxidative activity of AAIC was measured using the DPPH assay. The protein expression in heat shock‐induced HaCaT cells treated with AAIC was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis.ResultsAAIC, which is effective at 100 µg/mL concentration, was nontoxic in HaCaT cells and had an anti‐oxidative effect demonstrated by scavenging DPPH free radicals. AAIC treatment significantly attenuated the aberrant levels of pro‐inflammatory and pro‐apoptotic signaling molecules in heat shock‐induced HaCaT cells compared with control cells.ConclusionAAIC potentially includes effective anti‐oxidative activity, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐apoptotic properties against heat shock‐induced keratinocytes, suggesting that it can be provided as a raw material for imparting skin health.
Does Monetary Aid Catalyse New Business Creation? Analysing the Impact of Global Aid Flows on Formal and Informal Entrepreneurship
Authors: Moore Elizabeth M. , Dau Luis Alfonso , Doh Jonathan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOfficial development aid – monetary transfers to developing countries to promote social and economic development – reached more than $140 billion in 2016. However, traditional forms of government bilateral aid continue to decline, while private aid is rising. Nevertheless, the impact of this aid, including its potential to stimulate economic development through new business formation, remains uncertain. In this study, we examine the impact of three sources of monetary aid flows on formal and informal entrepreneurship. Drawing from the international political economy literature we argue that bilateral aid and private aid are associated with higher levels of informal entrepreneurship, while multilateral aid is accompanied by lower levels. Moreover, we show that bilateral and private aid are linked with lower levels of formal entrepreneurship, while multilateral aid has no impact. The analyses of a panel of 313 observations from 49 countries provide robust support for these arguments.
The Association between Whole‐Brain MR Spectroscopy and IDH Mutation Status in Gliomas
Authors: Goryawala Mohammed , Saraf‐Lavi Efrat , Nagornaya Natalia , Heros Deborah , Komotar Ricardo , Maudsley Andrew A. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEMutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) have a direct effect on gliomagenesis. The purpose of this study is to quantify differences in brain metabolites due to IDH mutations.METHODSMagnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) was performed in 35 patients with gliomas of different grade and varied IDH mutation status. Volumes of interest (VOIs) for active tumor (tVOI), peritumoral area (pVOI), and contralateral normal‐appearing white matter (cVOI) were created. Metabolite ratios of Choline (Cho) to both N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) and Creatine (Cr) were estimated. Ratios of Glutamate/Glutamine complex (Glx) and myoinositol (mIno) to Cr were also quantified. General linear models (GLMs) were used to estimate the effects of IDH mutation on metabolite measures, with age, gender, and tumor grade used as covariates.RESULTSGLM analysis showed that maximum Cho/NAA and Cho/Cr in the tVOI were significantly (P < .05) higher in IDH mutant lesions as compared to wild‐type. In the pVOI, mean Cho/Cr was found to be significantly different among IDH mutant and wild‐type gliomas. Mean Cho/NAA (P = .306) and Cho/Cr (P = .292) within the tVOI were not significantly different. Ratios of Glx/Cr and mIno/Cr in any region showed no significant differences between IDH mutant and wild‐type gliomas. No significant differences in metabolite ratios were seen in the cVOI between IDH mutants and wild‐types.CONCLUSIONIDH mutation's effect in gliomas show an increase in Cho in the tumor and perilesional regions as compared to wild‐type lesions but do not show widespread changes across the brain.
Culture and personality revisited: Behavioral profiles and within‐person stability in interdependent (vs. independent) social orientation and holistic (vs. analytic) cognitive style
Authors: Na Jinkyung , Grossmann Igor , Varnum Michael E. W. , Karasawa Mayumi , Cho Youngwon , Kitayama Shinobu , Nisbett Richard E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe test the proposition that both social orientation and cognitive style are constructs consisting of loosely related attributes. Thus, measures of each construct should weakly correlate among themselves, forming intraindividually stable profiles across measures over time.MethodStudy 1 tested diverse samples of Americans (N = 233) and Japanese (N = 433) with a wide range of measures of social orientation and cognitive style to explore correlations among these measures in a cross‐cultural context, using demographically heterogeneous samples. Study 2 recruited a new sample of 485 Americans and Canadians and examined their profiles on measures of social orientation and cognitive style twice, one month apart, to assess the stability of individual profiles using these variables.ResultsDespite finding typical cross‐cultural differences, Study 1 demonstrated negligible correlations both among measures of social orientation and among measures of cognitive style. Study 2 demonstrated stable intraindividual behavioral profiles across measures capturing idiosyncratic patters of social orientation and cognitive style, despite negligible correlations among the same measures.ConclusionThe results provide support for the behavioral profile approach to conceptualizing social orientation and cognitive style, highlighting the need to assess intraindividual stability of psychological constructs in cross‐cultural research.
The Role of Facebook Intrusion, Depression, and Future Time Perspective in Sleep Problems Among Adolescents
Authors: Przepiorka Aneta , Blachnio Agata 
Published: December 2019

The main aim of the study was to examine the determinants of sleep problems including Facebook intrusion, depression, and future time perspective. The participants were 426 adolescents, aged M = 14.68. The Future Time Perspective Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire, and the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale were used. It was found that FTP goals were a negative predictor of Facebook intrusion and depression was a positive predictor of Facebook intrusion and sleep problems. Additionally, Facebook intrusion turned out to contribute positively to sleep problems. The results contribute to knowledge on excessive social media use and its relations with mental health; they can be applied in the treatment of addictive social media use.
Reproductive Anxiety and Conditional Agency at the Intersections of Privilege: A Focus Group Study of Emerging Adults’ Perception of Long‐Acting Reversible Contraception
Authors: Grzanka Patrick R. , Schuch Elena 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPublic health officials and major health care organizations in the United States have identified long‐acting reversible contraception (LARC) as the first‐line option for preventing unintended pregnancy. Existing research on LARC focuses on efficacy and usage rates, generally effacing women's lived experiences with these historically controversial devices. We take a critical, reproductive justice‐informed approach to LARC promotion efforts in this qualitative, focus group study. Across six groups of undergraduate women ages 18–24 (N =30, majority White), we explore how the individuals targeted by contemporary LARC promotion efforts—emerging adult women who have never given birth—negotiate (not) acquiring these devices. We introduce reproductive anxiety and conditional agency as key terms through which our participants made meaning out of LARC. Though participants reflected socially normative discourses of empowerment and choice, our findings suggest that these relatively privileged respondents experienced their choices to use or not use LARC in neoliberal terms. Specifically, we suggest their responses avert attention from the multifarious ways that women's reproductive capacities are differentially disciplined by hegemonic norms. We conclude by suggesting that sexual and reproductive health policy must foreground issues of structural intersectionality—rather than cost or efficacy—so that health promotion efforts do not inadvertently exacerbate inequalities.
Neonatal head injuries: A prospective Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative cohort study
Authors: Eapen Nitaa , Borland Meredith L , Phillips Natalie , Kochar Amit , Dalton Sarah , Cheek John A , Gilhotra Yuri , Neutze Jocelyn , Lyttle Mark D , Donath Susan , Crowe Louise , Dalziel Stuart R , Oakley Ed , Williams Amanda , Hearps Stephen , Bressan Silvia , Babl Franz E 
Published: December 2019

AimTo characterise the causes, clinical characteristics and short‐term outcomes of neonates who presented to paediatric emergency departments with a head injury.MethodsSecondary analysis of a prospective data set of paediatric head injuries at 10 emergency departments in Australia and New Zealand. Patients without neuroimaging were followed up by telephone call. We extracted epidemiological information, clinical findings and outcomes in neonates (≤28 days).ResultsOf 20 137 children with head injuries, 93 (0.5%) occurred in neonates. These were mostly fall‐related (75.2%), commonly from a care giver's arms, or due to being accidentally struck by a person/object (20.4%). There were three cases of non‐accidental head injuries (3.2%). Most neonates were asymptomatic (67.7%) and many had no findings on examination (47.3%). Most neonates had a Glasgow Coma Scale 15 (89.2%) or 14 (7.5%). A total of 15.1% presented with vomiting and 5.4% were abnormally drowsy. None had experienced a loss of consciousness. The most common findings on examination were scalp haematoma (28.0%) and possible palpable skull fracture (6.5%); 8.6% underwent computed tomography brain scan and 4.3% received an ultrasound. Five of eight computed tomography scan (5.4% of neonates overall) showed traumatic brain injury and two of four (2.2% overall) had traumatic brain injury on ultrasound. Thirty‐seven percent were admitted, one patient was intubated and none had neurosurgery or died.ConclusionsNeonatal head injuries are rare with a mostly benign short‐term outcome and are appropriate for observation. However, non‐accidental injuries need to be considered.
7-methoxyflavanone alleviates neuroinflammation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglial cells by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/MAPK signalling and activating the Nrf2/NQO-1 pathway
Authors: Qu Zhao , Chen Yan , Luo Zhuo-Hui , Shen Xiao-Ling , Hu Ying-Jie 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Neuroprotective potential of 7-methoxyflavanone (7MF) and its underlying mechanism was investigated.

Methods
Inhibitory effects of 7MF on microglial activation and neuroinflammation were evaluated by employment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 microglial cells. Changes in expression of genes and proteins of interest were investigated by RT-qPCR analysis and Western blot analysis. Inhibitory effects of 7MF on microglial overactivation were verified in LPS-treated C57BL/6J mice using ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba1) in the brain and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum as indicators.

Key findings
In BV2 cells, pretreatment with 7MF antagonized LPS-induced production of inflammatory factors IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Mechanistic studies revealed reduced expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD88), phosphorylated forms of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (p-ERK) but increased nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and cellular expression of NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase-1 (NQO-1) by 7MF. In LPS-treated mice, pretreatment with 7MF reduced the brain level of Iba1 and serum level of IL-6.

Conclusions
7-methoxyflavanone inhibited LPS-stimulated TLR4/MyD88/MAPK signalling and activated Nrf2-mediated transcription of antioxidant protein NQO-1, showing antineuroinflammatory effect, so it is a potential neuroprotective agent.
Transport of trans-activator of transcription (TAT) peptide in tumour tissue model: evaluation of factors affecting the transport of TAT evidenced by flow cytometry
Authors: Ur Rahman Aziz , Khan Shahzeb , Khan Munasib 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Trans-activator of transcription (TAT), a cell penetrating peptide, has been explored to overcome resistance to penetration and transport inside the cell, therefore, suggested to be used as drug delivery vector into drug-resistant tumours. The generosity of this study was to evaluate modifiable factors (concentration, temperature, incubation time and spheroid age) on the penetration of TAT.

Methods
Multicellular tumour spheroids (MCTS) used as tumour tissue models to mimic some characteristics with in-vivo tumors. Cell monolayer and 3-, 5-, 7-day-old MCTS were incubated with TAT and effects of modifiable factors were determined quantitatively through flow cytometry, based on TAT-positive cell count (%) and mean fluorescence intensity.

Key findings
Enhancing TAT concentration (1, 5 and 25 µm), transport significantly increased (ANOVA, P &lt; 0.0001) in cell monolayer and spheroids. However, rising temperature from 7 to 37°C (t, P &gt; 0.05) and increasing incubation time; 20 min, 1 h and 3 h; (ANOVA, P &gt; 0.05) were statistically non-significant. Moreover, TAT penetration declines as spheroids get older (ANOVA, P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusion
While exploiting MCTS as tumour tissue model, older spheroids could be preferred to target penetration-resistant cells and mimic the in-vivo microenvironment.