bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FOCUSED (Femtosecond Optimized Continuous Uncorrected Sight with EDOF and Diffractive Multifocal IOLs) - A Review
Authors: Barnett Brad P. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose of review
The aim of this article is to review techniques to maximize all-distance uncorrected visual acuity and minimize photic phenomena after the implantation of multifocal and extended-depth of focus (EDOF) intraocular lenses (IOLs). This review examines the role of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) in postoperative minimization of astigmatism and optimization of outcomes with multifocal and EDOF lenses.

Recent findings
By incorporating intraoperative and preoperative imaging, femtosecond platforms such as those that utilize iris or conjunctival vessel registration, can enable a precision of corneal incisions and toric IOL markings that enable the lowest possible postoperative levels of astigmatism. Current studies suggest that with increasing IOL complexity, that is, trifocal versus bifocal, image degradation with even low levels of postoperative astigmatism are increased. To this end, current data support the utility of femtosecond laser arcuate incisions to enable the achievement of 0.5 D or less postoperative astigmatism for best outcomes with multifocal lenses.

Summary
The synergistic combination of multifocal/EDOF IOLs with FLACS is an extremely promising route in achieving postoperative spectacle independence for patients. The marriage of the precision of FLACS with the increasing complexity of multifocal/EDOF IOLs will fuel nomogram adjustment and systematic improvements, such as the Wörtz–Gupta formula. Such strategies provide an unprecedented precision to cataract surgery that makes FOCUSED (Femtosecond Optimized Continuous Uncorrected Sight with EDOF and Diffractive Multifocal IOLs) a reality.
Countertransference in Forensic Inpatient Settings: An Empirical Examination of Therapist Responses to Patients With Psychotic Disorders
Authors: De Page Louis , Boulanger Marie , De Villers Bénédicte , Di Virgilio Patrizio , Pham Thierry , Saloppé Xavier , Thiry Benjamin 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective
Countertransference in forensic inpatient settings has received little empirical attention despite frequent emotional reactions in staff members, such as anger, disgust, or fear. In this exploratory study, we investigated countertransference in two forensic medium-secure units for patients with psychotic disorders.

Method
We measured countertransference using the Therapist Response Questionnaire and measured staff personality using the Ten-Item Personality Inventory. Our design allowed all staff members to participate anonymously.

Results
One hundred thirty-four Therapist Response Questionnaire forms, along with data on patient and staff characteristics, were collected. Staff characteristics such as profession, experience, and personality were associated with different countertransference reactions. Psychologists and psychiatrists tended to report more countertransference feelings than nursing staff. Patient and staff variables (such as patient having committed violent offenses or a diagnosis of personality disorder and staff experience or gender) were associated with more negative countertransference feelings and subscale scores as well as less positive countertransference feelings such as parental, protective, and satisfying countertransference feelings. Some patient and staff variables (such as patient cooperativeness, staff personality trait agreeableness) had the inverse effect on countertransference feelings.

Conclusion
We discussed several conceptual problems inherent to measuring countertransference (in forensic inpatient settings) and the clinical implications of our findings.
Subjective and Objective Evaluation of the Effect of Blink Type on Tear-film Breakup Time and Its Estimation
Authors: Szczesna-Iskander Dorota H. , Llorens Quintana Clara 
Published: October 2020

SIGNIFICANCEWhile evaluating the tear-film breakup time, a careful set of precise instructions should be given to the subjects regarding the blink type because it substantially impacts the assessment of tear-film surface quality.PURPOSEThe purpose of this study was to determine to what extent the type of blink affects the tear-film breakup time and its assessment using two types of videokeratoscopes and the fluorescein test.METHODSThirty-three volunteers were assessed considering two different types of blinks: natural (short) and forced (unnaturally prolonged). Objective noninvasive breakup time estimation was performed using Oculus Keratograph 5M and Medmont E300, both equipped with tear-film analysis modules, followed by the fluorescein test. In addition, while overviewing videokeratoscopy recordings, noninvasive breakup time was assessed subjectively by one experienced observer marking the first noticeable distortion in the Placido-disk pattern. Statistical analyses included two-way ANOVA and paired-samplettest. The agreement between blinking and measuring modalities was assessed using Bland-Altman plots.RESULTSForced blink significantly shortened the tear-film breakup time in all measuring modalities (two-way ANOVA,P= .003). The mean difference between breakup time after natural and forced blink was 3.2 (P= .002), 2.4 (P= .005), and 2.1 seconds (P= .002), for Keratograph 5M, E300, and fluorescein test, respectively. The group median of differences between objective and subjective noninvasive breakup time was less than 1 second with both videokeratoscopes. The objective noninvasive breakup time measured with Keratograph 5M was significantly longer than those with E300 and fluorescein test (bothP< .001). No statistically significant difference was found between E300 objective assessment and fluorescein test (P= .19).CONCLUSIONSForced blinks affect the assessment of tear-film stability. Hence, attention should be given in instructing the subjects before tear-film breakup time evaluation irrespectively to the method of measurement.
Chronic Electroconvulsive Therapy May Induce Calvarial Hyperemia and Marrow Replacement
Authors: Khattab Mohamed H. , Sherry Alexander D. , Aulino Joseph M. , Becker Jonathan E. , Petrie William M. , Cmelak Anthony J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment option for a number of psychiatric disorders, including refractory major depression and obsessive compulsive disorder. There are no known structural sequelae of ECT. Here we present a patient with severe refractory obsessive compulsive disorder and major depression treated over 2 years with ECT every 2 weeks. Planning magnetic resonance imaging intended for a potential procedural intervention for her psychiatric disease incidentally demonstrated a new area of increased enhancement and loss of marrow signal within the right frontal bone. Imaging findings were suggestive of underlying bone marrow or bone changes, although there was no evidence of bone destruction on bone-windowed computed tomography (CT) and there was no uptake on nuclear bone scan. The CT chest/abdomen/pelvis were also reassuring that this did not represent metastatic disease, and findings were unchanged on repeat magnetic resonance imaging 4 months later. Thus, this area corresponded to the site directly underlying the unilateral ECT electrode placement, suggestive of never-before described ECT-induced hyperemia. We report for the first time that frequent, chronic ECT may induce asymptomatic skull bone marrow hyperemia with radiologic findings. This appears to be a direct consequence of electrical current leading to chronic inflammatory and edematous marrow replacement. Electroconvulsive therapy should be added to the neuroradiological differential diagnosis of calvarial enhancement and loss of marrow signal. Psychiatrists should counsel patients on the possibility of this rare radiological finding, which may be confused for other processes.
Markov Chain Abstractions of Electrochemical Reaction-Diffusion in Synaptic Transmission for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Wagner Margot , Bartol Thomas M. , Sejnowski Terrence J. , Cauwenberghs Gert 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTProgress in computational neuroscience towards understanding brain function is challenged both by the complexity of molecular-scale electrochemical interactions at the level of individual neurons and synapses and the dimensionality of network dynamics across the brain covering a vast range of spatial and temporal scales. Our work abstracts an existing highly detailed, biophysically realistic 3D reaction-diffusion model of a chemical synapse to a compact internal state space representation that maps onto parallel neuromorphic hardware for efficient emulation at a very large scale and offers near-equivalence in input-output dynamics while preserving biologically interpretable tunable parameters.
Structural basis for effector transmembrane domain recognition by type VI secretion system chaperones
Authors: Ahmad Shehryar , Tsang Kara K. , Sachar Kartik , Quentin Dennis , Tashin Tahmid M. , Bullen Nathan P. , Raunser Stefan , McArthur Andrew G. , Prehna Gerd , Whitney John C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractType VI secretion systems facilitate the delivery of antibacterial effector proteins between neighbouring Gram-negative bacteria. A subset of these effectors harbor N-terminal transmembrane domains (TMDs) implicated in effector translocation across the target cell membrane. However, the abundance and distribution of these TMD-containing effectors has remained unknown. Here we report the discovery of prePAAR, a conserved motif found in over 6,000 putative TMD-containing effectors. Based on their differing sizes and number of TMDs these effectors fall into two distinct classes that are unified by their requirement for a member of the Eag family of T6SS chaperones for export. Co-crystal structures of class I and class II effector TMD-chaperone complexes fromSalmonellaTyphimurium andPseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, reveals that Eag chaperones mimic transmembrane helical packing to stabilize effector TMDs. In addition to participating in the chaperone-TMD interface, we find that prePAAR functions to facilitate proper folding of the downstream PAAR domain, which is required for effector interaction with the T6SS spike. Taken together, our findings define the mechanism of chaperone-assisted secretion of a widespread family of T6SS membrane protein effectors.
Intolerance to uncertainty modulates neural synchrony between political partisans
Authors: van Baar Jeroen M. , Halpern David J. , FeldmanHall Oriel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPolitical partisans see the world through an ideologically biased lens. What drives political polarization? It has been posited that polarization arises because holding extreme political views satisfies a need for certain and stable beliefs about the world. We examined the relationship between uncertainty tolerance and political polarization using brain-to-brain synchrony analysis, which measured committed liberals’ and conservatives’ subjective interpretation of a continuous political narrative. Participants (N=44) watched a political debate while undergoing fMRI. Shared ideology between participants increased neural synchrony in many brain areas including key regions of the valuation and theory-of-mind networks (e.g. temporoparietal junction). The degree of neural synchrony was modulated by uncertainty aversion: Uncertainty-intolerant individuals experienced greater brain-to-brain synchrony with politically like-minded peers and lower synchrony with political opponents. This effect was observed for liberals and conservatives alike. Moreover, increasing neural synchrony between committed partisans predicted subsequent polarized attitude formation about the debate after the scanning session. These results suggest that uncertainty attitudes gate the shared neural processing of political narratives, thereby fueling polarized attitude formation about hot-button issues.
The scales and signatures of climate adaptation by theArabidopsistranscriptome
Authors: Colicchio Jack M. , Akman Melis , Blackman Benjamin K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClines in allele frequency and trait variation can be highly informative for understanding how populations have historically adapted to climate variation across landscapes. However, as a consequence of the many complexities inherent to this process, these climate-associated differentiation patterns can be confounded, misleading, or obscured. Molecular phenotypes like gene expression levels are a potentially valuable means for resolving these complexities. Their intermediate position between genomes and organismal traits and their interrelatedness structured by gene regulatory networks can help parse how different climatic factors contribute to unique components of range-wide or region-specific diversity patterns. Here, we demonstrate these explanatory values of gene expression variation through integrative analyses of transcriptomic data from 665Arabidopsis thalianaaccessions. Differentiation of co-expressed genes is often associated with source site climate. Although some patterns hold range-wide, many other gene expression clines are specific to particular ancestry groups, reflecting how broad-scale and local combinations of selective agents differentially resolve functional interrelationships between plant defense, drought tolerance, and life history traits. We also extend these analyses to parse how different factors explain climate-associated variation in flowering time and its plasticity. Expression of key regulatorsFLCandSOC1strongly predicts time to flower, consistent with previous work, but our results also highlight novel relationships that indicate as yet unexplored climate-related connections between defense signaling and flowering. Finally, we show that integrative models combining genotype and gene expression information predict variation in flowering time under ecologically realistic conditions more accurately than models based on either source alone.Significance StatementPopulations often adapt to local conditions along climate gradients, and associations between climate parameters and traits or alleles often indicate a history of adaptive differentiation. However, such signals can be obscured or misleading due to the complex genetics underlying trait variation or other historical processes, frustrating our capacity to reveal how populations adapt to diverse climates. As a molecular intermediate between genetic polymorphisms and their impact on organismal traits, gene expression variation is a useful readout for addressing several of these difficulties. Here, we leverage transcriptomic data from hundreds ofArabidopsis thalianaaccessions to reveal continental and region-specific patterns of climate-associated differentiation as well as investigate how gene expression adaptation at both scales shapes flowering time variation along climate gradients.
A “Cell-Nucleus Segmentation” Script for Non-Invasive Nuclear Dry Mass Measurement
Authors: Kong Edward M. , Hu Chenfei , Kim Byoung Soo , Popescu Gabriel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe nucleus is the largest organelle in cells carrying genetic materials that support genetic replication and transcription. It is likely that such genetic activities can influence the nucleardry mass, but there is a lack of analytical tools enabling us to monitor dynamic changes in this quantity. To this end, this study demonstrates an image analysis script that allows us to quantify these changes in the nuclear dry mass. The script runs the cell-nuclei segmentation using Matlab. By using the fluorescent image as a template for the boundaries of cell nuclei and quantitative phase images for retrieving the dry mass density, the script recognizes nuclei of all cells in an image at a time and quantifies the nuclear dry mass. Using the “the cell-nucleus segmentation” script, this study reveals an interesting correlation between the nuclear dry mass and the filopodia protrusion of cervical epithelial cells. As the filopodia density and protrusion length increase, the nuclear dry mass increases. On the other hand, whenever the nuclear dry mass decreases, cells filopodia retract significantly. Taken together, the imaging script developed here will be useful to quantifying dynamic nuclear activities of a broad array of cells non-invasively.
DTI reveals whole-brain microstructural changes in the P301L mouse model of tauopathy
Authors: Massalimova Aidana , Ni Ruiqing , Nitsch Roger M. , Reisert Marco , von Elverfeldt Dominik , Klohs Jan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionIncreased expression of hyperphosphorylated tau and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles are associated with neuronal loss and white matter damage. Using high resolutionex vivodiffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we investigated microstructural changes in the white and grey matter in the P301L mouse model of human tauopathy at 8.5 months-of-age. For unbiased computational analysis, we implemented a pipeline for voxel-based analysis (VBA) and atlas-based analysis (ABA) of DTI mouse brain data.MethodsHemizygous and homozygous transgenic P301L mice and non-transgenic littermates were used. DTI data were acquired for generation of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), axial diffusivity (AD) maps. VBA on the entire brain were performed using SPM8 and SPM Mouse toolbox. Initially, all DTI maps were co-registered with Allen mouse brain atlas to bring them to one common coordinate space. In VBA, co-registered DTI maps were normalized and smoothed in order to perform two-sample t-tests to compare hemizygotes with non-transgenic littermates, homozygotes with non-transgenic littermates, hemizygotes with homozygotes on each DTI parameter map. In ABA, the average values for selected regions-of-interests were computed with co-registered DTI maps and labels in Allen mouse brain atlas. After, the same two-sample t-tests were executed on the estimated average values.ResultsWe made reconstructed DTI data and VBA and ABA pipeline publicly available. With VBA, we found microstructural changes in the white matter in hemizygous P301L mice compared to non-transgenic littermates. In contrast, more pronounced and brain-wide spread changes were observed in VBA when comparing homozygous P301L mice with non-transgenic littermates. Statistical comparison of DTI metrics in selected brain regions by ABA corroborated findings from VBA. FA was found to be decreased in most brain regions, while MD, RD and AD were increased compared to hemizygotes and non-transgenic littermates.Discussion/ConclusionHigh resolutionex vivoDTI demonstrated brain-wide microstructural changes in the P301L mouse model of human tauopathy. The comparison between hemizygous and homozygous P301L mice revealed a gene-dose dependent effect on DTI metrics. The publicly available computational data analysis pipeline can provide a platform for future mechanistic and longitudinal studies.
Integrative transcriptomic analysis of tissue-specific metabolic crosstalk after myocardial infarction
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Klevstig Martina , Benfeitas Rui , Doran Stephen , Turkez Hasan , Uhlén Mathias , Clausen Maryam , Wikström Johannes , Etal Damla , Zhang Cheng , Levin Malin , Mardinoglu Adil , Boren Jan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract/SummaryMyocardial infarction (MI) promotes a range of systemic effects, many of which are unknown. Here, we investigated the alterations associated with MI progression in heart and other metabolically active tissues (liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose) in a mouse model of MI (induced by ligating the left ascending coronary artery) and sham-operated mice. We performed a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis on tissue samples obtained 6- and 24-hours post MI or sham operation. By generating tissue-specific biological networks, we observed: (1) dysregulation in multiple biological processes (including immune system, mitochondrial dysfunction, fatty-acid beta-oxidation, and RNA and protein processing) across multiple tissues post MI; and (2) tissue-specific dysregulation in biological processes in liver and heart post MI. Finally, we validated our findings in two independent MI cohorts. Overall, our integrative analysis highlighted both common and specific biological responses to MI across a range of metabolically active tissues.
DNAJB12 and Hsp70 Facilitate the Conformation Specific Degradation of Arrested N1303K-CFTR Intermediates by ER Associated-Autophagy
Authors: He Lihua , Kennedy Andrew S. , Houck Scott , Aleksandrov Andrei , Quinney Nancy L. , Cholon Deborah M. , Gentzsch Martina , Randell Scott H. , Ren Hong Yu , Cyr Douglas M. 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARYThe transmembrane Hsp40 DNAJB12 and cytosolic Hsp70 cooperate on the ER’s cytoplasmic face to facilitate the triage of nascent polytopic membrane proteins for folding versus degradation. N1303K is the second most common mutation in the ion channel CFTR, but unlike F508del-CFTR, biogenic and functional defects in N1303K-CFTR are resistant to correction bolding modulators. N1303K is reported to arrest CFTR folding at a late stage after partial assembly of its N-terminal domains. N1303K-CFTR intermediates are clients of JB12-Hsp70 complexes, maintained in a detergent soluble-state, and have a relatively long 3-hour half-life. ERAD-resistant pools of N1303K-CFTR are concentrated in ER-tubules that associate with autophagy initiation sites containing WIPI1, FlP200, and LC3. Destabilization of N1303K-CFTR or depletion of JB12 prevents entry of N1303K-CFTR into the membranes of ER-connected phagophores and autolysosomes. Whereas, the stabilization of intermediates with the modulator VX-809 promotes the association of N1303K-CFTR with autophagy initiation machinery. N1303K-CFTR is excluded from the ER-exits site, and its passage from the ER to autolysosomes does not require ER-phagy receptors. DNAJB12 operates in biosynthetically active ER-microdomains to triage in a conformation-specific manner membrane protein intermediates for secretion versus degradation via ERAD or selective-ER associated autophagy.