bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying and Overcoming Barriers to Climate Change Adaptation in the Seychelles
Authors: Etongo Daniel , Amelie Vincent , Pouponneau Angelique , Filho Walter Leal 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs a Small Island Developing State (SIDS), Seychelles is quite vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, and adaptation is considered a national priority. Despite efforts to enhance its adaptive capacity, a number of barriers still hamper the adaptation process such as fragile institutions and inadequate governance to climate change, financial and human resource capacity constraints, and limited scientific knowledge and understanding of how climate change affects the country. A key barrier to climate change adaptation in the Seychelles is called “remote” or “legacy” barriers – linked to land use decisions made five decades ago during which wetlands were reclaimed for property development. Therefore, 80% of Seychelles’ critical infrastructures are located on the coastline and are exposed to floods, erosion, and sea level rise. Additionally, the pros and cons of hard and soft adaptation interventions in the Seychelles ranging from rock armoring, retaining wall, groynes to ecosystem-based adaptation actions such as timber piling, beach nourishment, dune management, rainwater harvesting, and mangrove and coral restoration are assessed with recommendations on the way forward. In other words, this chapter provides some examples of actions and strategies that may assist the island nations to improve on adaptation actions. An example that addresses partly the financial constrain is the Seychelles’ Conservation and Climate Adaptation Trust (SeyCCAT) that provide funding for medium- and large-scale project in the Seychelles since 2015.
Test Procedure and Description for System Testing
Authors: Heussen K. , Babazadeh D. , Degefa M. Z. , Taxt H. , Merino J. , Nguyen V. H. , Teimourzadeh Baboli P. , Moghim Khavari A. , Rikos E. , Pellegrino L. , Tran Q. T. , Jensen T. V. , Kotsampopoulos P. , Strasser T. I. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn order to systematically plan, specify, and execute system-level test for smart grids in a cyber-physical and multi-domain manner, the ERIGrid holistic testing approach is introduced. Also, the corresponding test description and templates are discussed.
Hardware-in-the-Loop Assessment Methods
Authors: Nguyen V. H. , Tran Q. T. , Guillo-Sansano E. , Kotsampopoulos P. , Gavriluta C. , Lauss G. , Strasser T. I. , Jensen T. V. , Heussen K. , Gehrke O. , Besanger Y. , Nguyen T. L. , Syed M. H. , Brandl R. , Arnold G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe importance of using real-time simulation and hardware-in-the-loop techniques for the domain of power and energy systems is covered by this chapter. A brief overview of the main concepts is provided as well as a method for their integration into a holistic validation framework for testing smart grid systems. Also, corresponding reference implementations are outlined.
Laboratory Coupling Approach
Authors: Pellegrino L. , Pala D. , Bionda E. , Rajkumar V. S. , Bhandia R. , Syed M. H. , Guillo-Sansano E. , Jimeno J. , Merino J. , Lagos D. , Maniatopoulos M. , Kotsampopoulos P. , Akroud N. , Gehrke O. , Heussen K. , Tran Q. T. , Nguyen V. H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter deals with the coupling of smart grid laboratories for joint experiments. Therefore, various possibilities are outlined and a reference implementation is introduced. Finally, the vision of a distributed, virtual research infrastructure is presented.
Experiences with System-Level Validation Approach
Authors: Teimourzadeh Baboli P. , Babazadeh D. , Siagkas D. , Manikas S. , Anastasakis K. , Merino J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA summary of experiences and discussion of lessons learned from using the ERIGrid system-level validation approach in various projects is provided by this chapter. Also, the main advantages and shortcomings are discussed.
Train like an athlete: applying exercise interventions to manage type 2 diabetes
Authors: Savikj Mladen , Zierath Juleen R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExercise elicits high energy demands, stimulating cardiorespiratory function and substrate mobilisation and oxidation. Repeated bouts of exercise lead to whole-body adaptations, which improve athletic performance. Distinct exercise modalities and intensities and nutritional conditions pose specific physiological challenges, subsequently inducing different adaptations to training. Athletes often modify these variables to achieve individualised training goals and maximise performance. Exercise training improves glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes; however, the precise training regimen that confers the most beneficial metabolic adaptations in this population is unknown. In this review, we discuss how modifying exercise type, intensity and modality and nutritional status affects the beneficial effects of exercise on glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Evidence indicates that greater improvements in glycaemic control can be achieved through combined aerobic and resistance training regimens compared with either training type alone. However, the increased frequency of training and a greater number of exercise bouts during combined programmes could be responsible for apparent advantages over a single training modality. The beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on glycaemic control seem to rise with training intensity, with superior adaptations achieved by high-intensity interval training (HIT). In addition, training with low carbohydrate availability (‘training low’) improves cardiorespiratory function and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity more than conventional training in healthy untrained individuals. Examinations of various training regimens are warranted to assess the safety, efficacy, feasibility and beneficial effects in the type 2 diabetes population. Just like competitive athletes, individuals with type 2 diabetes should be encouraged to adopt training regimens that improve fitness and metabolism.
Exercising your fat (metabolism) into shape: a muscle-centred view
Authors: Gemmink Anne , Schrauwen Patrick , Hesselink Matthijs K. C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFatty acids are an important energy source during exercise. Training status and substrate availability are determinants of the relative and absolute contribution of fatty acids and glucose to total energy expenditure. Endurance-trained athletes have a high oxidative capacity, while, in insulin-resistant individuals, fat oxidation is compromised. Fatty acids that are oxidised during exercise originate from the circulation (white adipose tissue lipolysis), as well as from lipolysis of intramyocellular lipid droplets. Moreover, hepatic fat may contribute to fat oxidation during exercise. Nowadays, it is clear that myocellular lipid droplets are dynamic organelles and that number, size, subcellular distribution, lipid droplet coat proteins and mitochondrial tethering of lipid droplets are determinants of fat oxidation during exercise. This review summarises recent insights into exercise-mediated changes in lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in relation to lipid droplet characteristics in human liver and muscle.
Advances in reconstructing the AMOC using sea surface observations of salinity
Authors: Estella-Perez Victor , Mignot Juliette , Guilyardi Eric , Swingedouw Didier , Reverdin Gilles 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is one of the main drivers of climate variability at decadal and longer time scales. As there are no direct multi-decadal observations of this key circulation, the reconstruction of past AMOC variations is essential. This work presents a step forward in reconstructing the AMOC using climate models and time-varying surface nudging of salinity and temperature data, for which independent multi-decadal observed series are available. A number of nudging protocols are explored in a perfect model framework to best reproduce the AMOC variability accommodating to the characteristics of SST and SSS available products. As reference SST products with sufficient space and time coverage are available, we here choose to focus on the limitations associated to SSS products with the goal of providing protocols using independent salinity products. We consider a global gridded dataset and, additionally, a coarser SSS dataset restricted to the Atlantic and with a quite low spatial resolution (order of 10 degrees vs. 2 for the model grid). We show how, using the latter, we can improve the efficiency of the nudging on the AMOC reconstruction by adding a high-resolution annual cycle to the coarse resolution SSS product as well as a spatial downscaling to account for SSS gradient. The final protocol retained for the coarse SSS data is able to reconstruct a 100-year long AMOC period (average of 10.18 Sv and a standard deviation of 1.39 Sv), with a correlation of 0.76 to the target and a RMSE of 0.99 Sv. These values can be respectively compared to 0.85 and 0.75 Sv when using the global salinity surface observations. This work provides a first step towards understanding the limitations and prospects of historical AMOC reconstructions using different sea surface salinity datasets for the surface nudging.
Evaluation of the SAMEO-ATO surgical classification in a Dutch cohort
Authors: ten Tije Fleur A. , Alkema Sietze , van der Putten Lisa , Koopman Jan Pieter , Buwalda Joeri , Kramer Sophia E. , Pauw Robert Jan , Merkus Paul ,   Dutch Cholesteatoma Data Consortium
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Differences in the definition and classification of cholesteatoma hinders comparing of surgical outcomes of cholesteatoma. Uniform registration is necessary to allow investigators to share and compare their findings. For many years surgical cholesteatoma procedures were divided into two main groups: canal wall up mastoidectomy (CWU) and canal wall down mastoidectomy (CWD). Recently, mastoid obliteration can be added to both procedures. Because of great variation within these main groups, the International Otology Outcome Group (IOOG) proposed the new SAMEO-ATO classification system to categorize tympanomastoid operations. The aim of our study was to correlate the mastoid bone extirpation (M-stage) with the contemporary (CWU, CWD with or without obliteration) system.

Methods
Demographic characteristics and type of performed surgery were registered for 135 cholesteatoma patients from sixteen hospitals, both secondary and tertiary care institutions, across the Netherlands. In addition, the surgical reports were collected, retrospectively classified according to the contemporary system and the new system and compared. Correlations of the outcomes were calculated.

Results
In total, there were 112 CWU and 14 CWD (both with or without obliteration) suitable for correlation analysis. Z test for correlation between the M-stage and CWU procedure was significant for M1a and M1b procedure and significant for M2c with the CWD procedure.

Conclusion
The newly proposed SAMEO-ATO classification seems to be more detailed in the registration of surgical procedures than surgeons currently are used to. All M-stages of the SAMEO-ATO system are correlating well to the standard CWU and CWD except one ‘in between’ M-stage.
Ontogenetic niche shifts as a driver of seasonal migration
Authors: Fokkema Wimke , van der Jeugd Henk P. , Lameris Thomas K. , Dokter Adriaan M. , Ebbinge Barwolt S. , de Roos André M. , Nolet Bart A. , Piersma Theunis , Olff Han 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOntogenetic niche shifts have helped to understand population dynamics. Here we show that ontogenetic niche shifts also offer an explanation, complementary to traditional concepts, as to why certain species show seasonal migration. We describe how demographic processes (survival, reproduction and migration) and associated ecological requirements of species may change with ontogenetic stage (juvenile, adult) and across the migratory range (breeding, non-breeding). We apply this concept to widely different species (dark-bellied brent geese (Branta b. bernicla), humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) and migratory Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) to check the generality of this hypothesis. Consistent with the idea that ontogenetic niche shifts are an important driver of seasonal migration, we find that growth and survival of juvenile life stages profit most from ecological conditions that are specific to breeding areas. We suggest that matrix population modelling techniques are promising to detect the importance of the ontogenetic niche shifts in maintaining migratory strategies. As a proof of concept, we applied a first analysis to resident, partial migratory and fully migratory populations of barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis). We argue that recognition of the costs and benefits of migration, and how these vary with life stages, is important to understand and conserve migration under global environmental change.
Evolutionary optimization of image processing for cell detection in microscopy images
Authors: Haghofer Andreas , Dorl Sebastian , Oszwald Andre , Breuss Johannes , Jacak Jaroslaw , Winkler Stephan M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new evolution-based algorithm that optimizes cell detection image processing workflows in a self-adaptive fashion. We use evolution strategies to optimize the parameters for all steps of the image processing pipeline and improve cell detection results. The algorithm reliably produces good cell detection results without the need for extensive domain knowledge. Our algorithm also needs no labeled data to produce good cell detection results compared to the state-of-the-art neural network approaches. Furthermore, the algorithm can easily be adapted to different applications by modifying the processing steps in the pipeline and has high scalability since it supports multithreading and computation on graphical processing units (GPUs).
Tikhonov regularization of a second order dynamical system with Hessian driven damping
Authors: Boţ Radu Ioan , Csetnek Ernö Robert , László Szilárd Csaba 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe investigate the asymptotic properties of the trajectories generated by a second-order dynamical system with Hessian driven damping and a Tikhonov regularization term in connection with the minimization of a smooth convex function in Hilbert spaces. We obtain fast convergence results for the function values along the trajectories. The Tikhonov regularization term enables the derivation of strong convergence results of the trajectory to the minimizer of the objective function of minimum norm.
Phosphorylation profile of human AQP2 in urinary exosomes by LC–MS/MS phosphoproteomic analysis
Authors: Sakai Masaki , Yamamoto Keiko , Mizumura Hiroaki , Matsumoto Tomoki , Tanaka Yasuko , Noda Yumi , Ishibashi Kenichi , Yamamoto Tadashi , Sasaki Sei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) is a key water channel protein which determines the water permeability of the collecting duct. Multiple phosphorylation sites are present at the C-terminal of AQP2 including S256 (serine at 256 residue), S261, S264 and S/T269, which are regulated by vasopressin (VP) to modulate AQP2 trafficking. As the dynamics of these phosphorylations have been studied mostly in rodents, little is known about the phosphorylation of human AQP2 which has unique T269 in the place of S269 of rodent AQP2. Because AQP2 is excreted in urinary exosomes, the phosphoprotein profile of human AQP2 can be easily examined through urinary exosomes without any intervention.

Methods
Human urinary exosomes digested with trypsin or glutamyl endopeptidase (Glu-C) were examined by the liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) phosphoproteomic analysis.

Results
The most dominant phosphorylated AQP2 peptide identified was S256 phosphorylated form (pS256), followed by pS261 with less pS264 and far less pT269, which was confirmed by the western blot analyses using phosphorylated AQP2-specific antibodies. In a patient lacking circulating VP, administration of a VP analogue showed a transient increase (peak at 30–60 min) in excretion of exosomes with pS261 AQP2.

Conclusion
These data suggest that all phosphorylation sites of human AQP2 including T269 are phosphorylated and phosphorylations at S256 and S261 may play a dominant role in the urinary exosomal excretion of AQP2.
Automated digital data acquisition for landslide inventories
Authors: Kreuzer Thomas M. , Damm Bodo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLandslide research relies on landslide inventories for a multitude of spatial, temporal, or process analyses. Generally, it takes high effort to populate a landslide inventory with relevant data. In this context, the present work investigated an effective way to handle vast amounts of automatically acquired digital data for landslide inventories by the use of machine learning algorithms and information filtering. Between July 2017 and February 2019, a keyword alert system provided 4381 documents that were automatically processed to detect landslide events in Germany. Of all those documents, 91% were automatically recognized as irrelevant or duplicates; thereby, the data volume was significantly reduced to contain only actual landslide documents. Moreover, it was shown that inclusion of the document’s images into the automated process chain for information filtering is recommended, since otherwise unobtainable important information was found in them. Compared with manual methods, the automated process chain eliminated personal idiosyncrasies and human error and replaced it with a quantifiable machine error. The applied individual algorithms for natural language processing, information retrieval, and classification have been tried and tested in their respective fields. Furthermore, the proposed method is not restricted to a specific language or region. All languages on which these algorithms are applicable can be used with the proposed method and the training of the process chain can take any geographical restriction into account. Thus, the present work introduced a method with a quantifiable error to automatically classify and filter large amounts of data during automated digital data acquisition for landslide inventories.
Breast cancer care during a pandemic: an opportune time for cryoablation?
Authors: Holmes Dennis R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Cryoablation is a minimally-invasive percutaneous procedure that is capable of reducing the psychosocial burden of surgical delay while also decreasing the morbidity of breast cancer therapy. The purpose of this editorial is to discuss the potential role of cryoablation for reducing the psychosocial burden of surgical delay during the COVID-19 pandemic by expediting the management of breast cancer while also lessening demand on limited healthcare resources.

Methods
This editorial critiques current expert opinion recommendations that aim to reduce viral transmission and preserve healthcare resources during the COVID-19 pandemic by advocating delay of elective breast cancer surgery.

Results
The editorial summarizes the current state of the evidence that supports the selective use of cryoablation as a definite or stopgap measure in the management of breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic or when healthcare resources are limited.

Conclusions
As an office-based procedure performed under local anesthesia, cryoablation eliminates the need for operating room personnel and equipment while also reducing the psychosocial impact of delayed breast cancer surgery. By reducing the number of patient and healthcare provider interactions, cryoablation not only decreases the risk of viral transmission but also the need for personal protective devices during resource-limited times.
Writer’s uncertainty identification in scientific biomedical articles: a tool for automatic if-clause tagging
Authors: Omero Paolo , Valotto Massimiliano , Bellana Riccardo , Bongelli Ramona , Riccioni Ilaria , Zuczkowski Andrzej , Tasso Carlo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn a previous study, we manually identified seven categories (verbs, non-verbs, modal verbs in the simple present, modal verbs in the conditional mood, if, uncertain questions, and epistemic future) of Uncertainty Markers (UMs) in a corpus of 80 articles from the British Medical Journal randomly sampled from a 167-year period (1840–2007). The UMs detected on the base of an epistemic stance approach were those referring only to the authors of the articles and only in the present. We also performed preliminary experiments to assess the manual annotated corpus and to establish a baseline for the UMs automatic detection. The results of the experiments showed that most UMs could be recognized with good accuracy, except for the if-category, which includes four subcategories: if-clauses in a narrow sense; if-less clauses; as if/as though; if and whether introducing embedded questions. The unsatisfactory results concerning the if-category were probably due to both its complexity and the inadequacy of the detection rules, which were only lexical, not grammatical. In the current article, we describe a different approach, which combines grammatical and syntactic rules. The performed experiments show that the identification of uncertainty in the if-category has been largely double improved compared to our previous results. The complex overall process of uncertainty detection can greatly profit from a hybrid approach which should combine supervised Machine learning techniques with a knowledge-based approach constituted by a rule-based inference engine devoted to the if-clause case and designed on the basis of the above mentioned epistemic stance approach.
Air Pollution and Sea Pollution Seen from Space
Authors: Viatte Camille , Clerbaux Cathy , Maes Christophe , Daniel Pierre , Garello René , Safieddine Sarah , Ardhuin Fabrice 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAir pollution and sea pollution are both impacting human health and all the natural environments on Earth. These complex interactions in the biosphere are becoming better known and understood. Major progress has been made in recent past years for understanding their societal and environmental impacts, thanks to remote sensors placed aboard satellites. This paper describes the state of the art of what is known about air pollution and focuses on specific aspects of marine pollution, which all benefit from the improved knowledge of the small-scale eddy field in the oceans. Examples of recent findings are shown, based on the global observing system (both remote and in situ) with standardized protocols for monitoring emerging environmental threats at the global scale.
Making Sense of Maritime Simulators Use: A Multiple Case Study in Norway
Authors: Pan Yushan , Oksavik Arnfinn , Hildre Hans Petter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper reports a multiple case study of a training center collaboration with three offshore companies and a coastline authority. Through a qualitative inquiry, we utilized the actor-network theory to analyze the common understanding of simulator use in these organizations. The paper argues that the simulator itself is an actor that can integrate shared interests with other actors to establish an actor-network. Such an actor-network expands simulator use beyond purely training purposes. It advocates that the simulator is a medium between maritime academia and industry and aligns it with the same actor-network to facilitate the process of “meaning construction.” Such a meaning construction process offers simulator-based training with a valuable definition of the learning outcomes. It helps clarifying who will gain the benefits from simulator use in the future, as well as when and on what basis. The paper also reflects on the benefits and limitations of utilizing a multiple case study in the maritime domain.