bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nous and nature
Authors: Corcilius Klaus , Falcon Andrea , Roreitner Robert 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter explains how Aristotle’s treatment of nous, which is an integral part of De anima, relates to the program of his natural philosophy. It further spells out what kind of contribution the inquiry into nature can make toward explaining the phenomena of our intellectual life for which nous is the ultimate explanans. It also addresses the controversial question concerning the sense in which human nous is—and the sense in which it isn’t—separable from the other parts of the soul and from the body. The chapter sheds new light on the specific status of Aristotle’s inquiry into nous within his De anima, resisting both its straightforward subsumption under natural philosophy and the idea that An. III 4–8 is an excursus into first philosophy.
Conclusion: Aristotle on nous
Authors: Corcilius Klaus , Falcon Andrea , Roreitner Robert 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This short conclusion summarizes the main results reached in this in-depth study of de anima III 4–8. They can be introduced with the use of four key ideas: rationalism, essentialism, separatism, embeddedness in the cognitive soul. Aristotle believes that thought is a distinct form of cognition, irreducible to perception. It consists in the ability to grasp the essences of things. Nous understood as the principle of thought is separate from nature and yet integrated into the cognitive system that we call the cognitive soul.
The Market in English School Perspective
Authors: Buzan Barry , Falkner Robert 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter has two main purposes. First, it sets out the English School’s conceptual toolbox and vocabulary: international system, international society, and world society; the inter-polity/state, transnational and interhuman domains; and distinctions between first and second order societies, pluralism and solidarism, and primary and secondary institutions. Second, it reviews how the economic sector generally, and the market in particular, have been discussed in the English School literature, reviewing contributions by James Mayall, Kalevi Holsti, Andrew Hurrell, Barry Buzan, and Louis Pauly. It also explains why there has been so little linkage between the English School and International Political Economy.
Introduction
Authors: Melnyk Andrew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter poses the book’s central question and previews the chapters to follow. The question concerns physicalism (or materialism) about phenomenal properties (or qualia). If the phenomenal properties of sensations really are physical or physically realized properties, as physicalism entails, why is it that, when we introspect them, they seem to us so strongly not to be? The question refers to the intuition of distinctness, which we experience when, for example, we attend introspectively to the phenomenal redness of a current visual sensation, and it seems to us that that very property could not literally be a physical property of neural activity in our brain. The book argues that the intuition has had an unrecognized influence on the debate about phenomenal properties, but that it gives us no reason to disbelieve physicalism. After surveying previous attempts to explain the intuition consistently with physicalism, it elaborates a novel explanation of why we have the intuition.
Photosynthetic responses to temperature across the tropics: a meta-analytic approach
Authors: Carter Kelsey R , Cavaleri Molly A , Atkin Owen K , Bahar Nur H A , Cheesman Alex W , Choury Zineb , Crous Kristine Y , Doughty Christopher E , Dusenge Mirindi E , Ely Kim S , Evans John R , Fonseca da Silva Jéssica , Mau Alida C , Medlyn Belinda E , Meir Patrick , Norby Richard J , Read Jennifer , Reed Sasha C , Reich Peter B , Rogers Alistair , Serbin Shawn P , Slot Martijn , Schwartz Elsa C , Tribuzy Edgard S , Uddling Johan , Vårhammar Angelica , Walker Anthony P , Winter Klaus , Wood Tana E , Wu Jin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Tropical forests exchange more carbon dioxide (CO2) with the atmosphere than any other terrestrial biome. Yet, uncertainty in the projected carbon balance over the next century is roughly three-times greater for the tropics than other ecosystems. Our limited knowledge of tropical plant physiological responses, including photosynthetic, to climate change is a substantial source of uncertainty in our ability to forecast the global terrestrial carbon sink.

Methods
We used a meta-analytic approach, focusing on tropical photosynthetic temperature responses, to address this knowledge gap. Our dataset, gleaned from 18 independent studies, included leaf-level light saturated photosynthetic (Asat) temperature responses from 108 woody species, with additional temperature parameters (35 species) and rates (250 species) of both maximum rates of electron transport (Jmax) and Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax). We investigated how these parameters responded to mean annual temperature (MAT), temperature variability, aridity, and elevation, as well as also how responses differed among successional strategy, leaf habit, and light environment.

Key Results
Optimum temperatures for Asat (ToptA) and Jmax (ToptJ) increased with MAT but not for Vcmax (ToptV). Although photosynthetic rates were higher for “light” than “shaded” leaves, light conditions did not generate differences in temperature response parameters. ToptA did not differ with successional strategy, but early successional species had ~4 °C wider thermal niches than mid/late species. Semi-deciduous species had ~1 °C higher ToptA than broadleaf evergreen. Most global modeling efforts consider all tropical forests as a single “broadleaf evergreen” functional type, but our data show that tropical species with different leaf habits display distinct temperature responses that should be included in modeling efforts.

Conclusions
This novel research will inform modeling efforts to quantify tropical ecosystem carbon cycling and provide more accurate representations of how these key ecosystems will respond to altered temperature patterns in the face of climate warming.
Semaglutide and Postoperative Outcomes in Nondiabetic Patients Following Body-Contouring Surgery
Authors: Lewis Joshua E , Ghogomu Mbinui , Hickman Stanley J , Ashade Adedamola , Hollis Raven J , Lewis Jimmie E , Lee Wei-Chen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Semaglutide is a medication for weight loss in obese patients. Recently, many plastic surgeons have recommended semaglutide following bariatric surgery to increase weight loss. However, postoperative complications such as wound dehiscence, delayed healing, and infection pose significant risks.

Objectives
In this study we aimed to examine the relationship between preoperative semaglutide and postoperative complications in nondiabetic obese patients undergoing body-contouring surgery. We hypothesized that semaglutide would increase the risk of postoperative complications.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study we utilized the TriNetX Research database. Nondiabetic patients who underwent body-contouring surgery between 2021 and 2024 after bariatric procedures were included. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts: Cohort A (4215 patients), which received semaglutide for ≥6 months before surgery, and Cohort B (104,927 patients), without semaglutide. Propensity score matching was employed to create comparable cohorts based on age, gender, race, and BMI. The primary outcomes included postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery.

Results
Significant differences were found between the cohorts. Semaglutide patients had higher rates of wound dehiscence (5.19% vs 2.78%, P &lt; .0001); delayed wound healing (2.58% vs 1.21%, P &lt; .0001); surgical site infections (5.37% vs 2.87%, P &lt; .0001); nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (11.27% vs 5.34%, P &lt; .0001); hypertrophic scar formation (5.53% vs 3.86%, P = .0011); and surgical site pain (6.05% vs 3.29%, P &lt; .0001).

Conclusions
Preoperative semaglutide in nondiabetic patients undergoing body-contouring surgery following bariatric procedures is associated with higher rates of adverse postoperative outcomes. These findings highlight the need for enhanced preoperative counseling and surgical planning to minimize risks and improve patient outcomes.

Level of Evidence: 3 (Therapeutic)
A hypercubic Mk model framework for capturing reversibility in disease, cancer, and evolutionary accumulation modelling
Authors: Johnston Iain G , Diaz-Uriarte Ramon 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Accumulation models, where a system progressively acquires binary features over time, are common in the study of cancer progression, evolutionary biology, and other fields. Many approaches have been developed to infer the accumulation pathways by which features (e.g. mutations) are acquired over time. However, most of these approaches do not support reversibility: the loss of a feature once it has been acquired (e.g. the clearing of a mutation from a tumor or population).

Results
Here, we demonstrate how the well-established Mk model from evolutionary biology, embedded on a hypercubic transition graph, can be used to infer the dynamics of accumulation processes, including the possibility of reversible transitions, from data which may be uncertain and cross-sectional, longitudinal, or phylogenetically/phylogenomically embedded. Positive and negative interactions between arbitrary sets of features (not limited to pairwise interactions) are supported. We demonstrate this approach with synthetic datasets and real data on bacterial drug resistance and cancer progression. While this implementation is limited in the number of features that can be considered, we discuss how this limitation may be relaxed to deal with larger systems.

Availability and implementation
The code implementing this setup in R is freely available at https://github.com/StochasticBiology/hypermk.
Surgical unit volume and reoperation for recurrence following total extraperitoneal groin hernia repairs: nationwide population-based register study
Authors: Widman Filippa , Bergström Mathias , Widhe Björn , Bringman Sven , Melkemichel Maria 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The quality of total extraperitoneal groin hernia repair and recurrence rates are influenced by various factors, potentially including the annual surgical unit volume of repairs. The precise nature of this relationship remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of surgical unit volume on reoperation rates for recurrence following total extraperitoneal groin hernia repair.

Methods
This observational nationwide population-based study utilized prospectively collected data from the Swedish Hernia Register. Patients aged 15 years old or older who underwent a total extraperitoneal groin hernia repair from 1 January 2015 to 31 August 2019 were eligible. Follow-up time was until 31 August 2022. Surgical units were grouped into low-volume (fewer than 12 repairs per year), low–medium-volume (12–50 repairs per year), medium–high-volume (greater than 50–150 repairs per year), and high-volume (greater than 150 repairs per year) units. The primary outcome was reoperation for recurrence. The secondary outcome was postoperative complications.

Results
A total of 20 656 elective total extraperitoneal groin hernia repairs were included across 75 surgical units. The reoperation rate for recurrence was higher in all three lower-volume groups (low-volume, 5.3%; low–medium-volume, 3.8%; and medium–high-volume, 3.5%) compared with the high-volume group (2.9%). Adjusted multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed a statistically significant increased HR for reoperation for recurrence in the low-volume group (1.87 (95% c.i. 1.31 to 2.67)) and the low–medium-volume group (1.32 (95% c.i. 1.07 to 1.62)) compared with the high-volume group. No difference was seen between the groups regarding the risk of postoperative complications.

Conclusion
The risk of reoperation for recurrence following total extraperitoneal groin hernia repair is significantly increased in surgical units that perform fewer than 51 repairs per year. The findings may influence guidelines on required annual surgical unit volume to improve patient outcomes following total extraperitoneal groin hernia repair.
Invasive Fungal Disease in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in China: A Multicenter Epidemiological Study (CAESAR 2.0)
Authors: Li Chuan , Zhu Dan-Ping , Chen Jia , Zhu Xiao-Yu , Li Nai-Nong , Cao Wei-Jie , Zhang Zhong-Ming , Tan Ye-Hui , Hu Xiao-Xia , Yuan Hai-Long , Fang Xiao-Sheng , Yin Yue , Wang Hong-Tao , Li Nan , Huang Xiao-Jun , Sun Yu-Qian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
This study (China Assessment of Antifungal Therapy in Hematological Diseases [CAESAR 2.0]) aimed to provide updated epidemiological data on invasive fungal disease (IFD) in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).

Methods
This multicenter, real-world, observational study was conducted at 12 allo-HSCT centers in China between January and December 2021. Consecutive adult patients (aged ≥18 years) who underwent allo-HSCT with antifungal prophylaxis were included. IFD was diagnosed according to the 2019 criteria of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG). Follow-up was completed by 31 December 2022.

Results
A total of 2015 patients were included. Mold-active antifungal prophylaxis was used in 76.08%, most of whom received voriconazole (44.37%) or posaconazole (31.71%). The cumulative incidence of IFD (proven or probable) 1 year after allo-HSCT was 6.3%. Pathogens were identified in 47.97% of IFD cases and mainly included Candida spp. (17.89%), Mucorales (13.01%), Aspergillus spp. (8.94%), and Pneumocystis jirovecii (6.5%). Multivariate analysis identified the following factors associated with IFD: disease at advanced stage (hazard ratio, 2.55 [95% confidence interval, 1.58–4.12]; P &lt; .001), absolute neutrophil count engraftment (≤28 days) (0.37 [15–.92]; P = .03), platelet engraftment (≤28 days) (0.41 [.27–.62]; P &lt; .001), and acute graft-vs-host disease grade III–IV (2.97 [1.97–4.49]; P &lt; .001). The IFD-attributable mortality rate was 48.28%.

Conclusions
Despite the widespread use of mold-active prophylaxis, the risk of IFD after allo-HSCT remains high. The most common pathogens are Candida spp., Mucorales, Aspergillus spp., and P. jirovecii.
Climate Change Mitigation Policies: Aggregate and Distributional Effects
Authors: Calvacanti Tiago , Hasna Zeina , Santos Cezar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We evaluate the aggregate and distributional effects of climate change mitigation policies using a multi-sector equilibrium model with intersectoral input-output linkages and worker heterogeneity, calibrated to various countries. Carbon taxes induce changes in relative prices and input reallocation, notably in labor. In the United States, achieving its Paris Agreement commitment results in, at most, a 0.8% reduction in output, unevenly affecting different sectors and individuals. Some workers in dirty energy sectors, forming less than 2% of the labor force, endure welfare losses six times larger than others. China, reliant on high-carbon energy, experiences larger economic effects from an identical emission reduction.
Molecular Insights into TT2-Type MYB Regulators Illuminate the Complexity of Floral Flavonoids Biosynthesis in Freesia hybrida
Authors: Shan Xiaotong , Zhuang Deyu , Gao Ruifang , Qiu Meng , Zhou Liudi , Zhang Jia , Wang Yanan , Zhang Qi , Zhai Niu , Xu Guoyun , Wang Li , Li Yueqing , Gao Xiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs), anthocyanins, and flavonols are key flavonoids that play diverse roles in plant physiology and human health. Despite originating from a shared biosynthetic pathway, the regulatory mechanisms of PA biosynthesis and the cooperative regulation of different kinds of flavonoids remain elusive, particularly in flower tissues or organs. Here, we elucidated the regulatory network governing PA biosynthesis in Freesia hybrida ‘Red River®’ by characterizing four TT2-type MYB transcription factors, designated FhMYBPAs. Phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization, and transactivation assays predicted their roles as PA-related activators. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between FhMYBPAs and PA accumulation in various floral tissues and development stages. Functional studies demonstrated that FhMYBPAs activated PA biosynthesis by directly binding to the promoters of target genes, which can be enhanced by FhTT8L. Additionally, a hierarchical and feedback regulatory model involving FhTTG1, FhMYB27, and FhMYBx was proposed for PA biosynthesis. Furthermore, comparative analysis of flavonoid-related MYB factors involving FhPAP1, FhMYB5, FhMYBF1 and FhMYB21L2 highlighted their roles in regulating PA, anthocyanin, and flavonol biosynthesis, with some exhibiting versatile regulations. Overall, our findings provide insights into the spatio-temporal regulation of flavonoids in flowers and expand our understanding of MYB-mediated transcriptional regulation of specialized metabolites in plants.
Mere Puffery or Convincing Claims? Rebel News and Civilian Perceptions of the Balance of Power
Authors: Lucas Caleb 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
How does rebel news affect the way civilians perceive the balance of power during conflict? While media campaigns are a common tactic during conflict for both insurgents and governments, there is very little empirical research that explores their effect on civilians. I argue that these campaigns play an important role in the construction of a rebel group’s reputation during conflict and the perception of their organization among non-combatants. This is because civilians suffer from an information disadvantage and struggle to accurately gauge the relative strength of actors in the conflict. I exploit the plausibly random introduction of the Taliban’s official radio station in Kabul during May 2018 to test the effect of rebel news on civilian attitudes. NATO’s Afghanistan Nationwide Quarterly Assessment Research survey happened to field a wave directly before and after this event. I use difference-in-differences to estimate the effect of exposure to the Taliban’s news and demonstrate that it increased perceptions of the group’s strength. This finding has important implications for the study of civilian attitude formation and support during conflict.
Quantitative detection of the maize phytocytokine Zip1 utilizing ELISA
Authors: Koenig Maurice , Sorger Zarah , Keh Shania Pin Yin , Doehlemann Gunther , Misas Villamil Johana C 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Plant signaling peptides, also known as phytocytokines, play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication during plant development and immunity. The detection of small peptides in plant tissues is challenging and often relies on time-consuming and cost-intensive approaches. Here, we present an ELISA-based assay as a rapid and cost-effective method for the detection of naturally released peptides in plant tissues. Our ELISA-based method was developed to detect Zip1, a 17-amino-acid phytocytokine derived from Zea mays that elicits salicylic acid signaling in maize leaves. Using a custom peptide-antibody, we designed an experimental pipeline to achieve peptide specificity, selectivity, and sensitivity allowing the detection of the Zip1 peptide in complex biological samples. As a proof of concept, we first overexpressed the precursor molecule PROZIP1 in Nicotiana benthamiana and in transfected maize protoplasts and monitored the release of Zip1-containing peptides. In a second approach we treated maize leaves with salicylic acid to induce native PROZIP1 expression and processing. Using ELISA, we were able to quantify native Zip1 signals with a detection limit in the nanogram range, which allowed us to detect different Zip1-containing peptides in plant material. This method can be adapted for the detection and quantification of a variety of plant signaling peptides.
Approachable, Agile, and Precise Spatial Biology with the CellScape Platform
Authors: Schwarz J Spencer , Jimenez-Sanchez Daniel , Ingalls Matthew H , Lott Steven T , Cashion Kayla , Jackson Charles , Christians Arne , Silverman Jennifer A , Berigan Benton , Campbell Thomas D , Braubach Oliver 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Understanding the spatial distribution of key cell populations is critical in advancing biomedical research and the development of novel therapeutics. Highly multiplexed biomarker analysis is achieved with single-cell spatial context on the CellScape, a microscopy platform that enables quantitative spatial phenotyping of entire tissue sections mounted on standard histology slides. Leveraging high-resolution, high dynamic range imaging, and automated reagent delivery, the CellScape represents an attractive platform for spatial biology researchers from discovery to translation.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of colonization and infection by yeast species in solid organ transplant recipients: Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of isolates
Authors: Yazdanpanah Somayeh , Shafiekhani Mojtaba , Ahmadi Mohammad , Zare Zahra , Nikoupour Hamed , Arabsheybani Sara , Geramizadeh Bita , Anbardar Mohammad-Hossein , Chamanpara Parisa , Badali Hamid , Moghadami Mohsen , Pakshir Keyvan , Zomorodian Kamiar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Fungal infections are serious complications after solid organ transplantation, with high mortality and morbidity. Given the importance of the local epidemiological data and also extensive prophylactic regimens in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, this study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and resistance patterns of yeast isolates in SOT recipients at a main referral transplant center in Iran. Of the 275 recipients enrolled, 22 (8%) had at least one positive yeast culture at a median of 5 days after transplantation. Bacterial infection and reoperation were significantly associated with colonization or infection caused by yeast species (P = .001). Moreover, mortality and length of ICU/hospital stay were significantly higher in patients with positive yeast cultures (P &lt; .05). The most frequent species isolated was Candida albicans (50%), followed by C. glabrata (22.7%). Of species with definite breakpoints, the fluconazole-resistant rate was 23%. Caspofungin and amphotericin B showed potent activity against all isolates. Regarding the high risk of fungal infections, awareness of local epidemiological trends and resistance patterns can help improve outcomes in SOT recipients.