bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Patterned Mechanochromic Photonic Polymer for Reversible Image Reveal
Authors: Zhang Pei , Shi Xiuyi , Schenning Albert P. H. J. , Zhou Guofu , de Haan Laurens T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMechanochromic photonic polymers, which can change structural color upon mechanical deformation, are promising for many applications including strain/stress sensors and security features. Here, a patterned poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)/cholesteric liquid crystal elastomer (CLCE) photonic mechanochromic bilayer film for reversible image reveal is reported, in which the PDMS component determines the mechanical properties and the CLCE determines the mechanochromic properties. The structural color pattern is achieved by locally crosslinking the CLCE layer at different temperatures using a photomask and utilizing the temperature response of the cholesteric liquid crystal main‐chain oligomers. The resulting PDMS/CLCE bilayer is able to reversibly reveal the predesigned invisible pattern upon stretching, showing that this method can be used to convey more advanced information to a potential user than would be possible with a simple homogeneous color change. It is also demonstrated that the bilayer film can be used as a stimuli‐responsive sticker able to detect bending deformations.
Ultrashort Vertical‐Channel van der Waals Semiconductor Transistors
Authors: Jiang Jinbao , Doan Manh‐Ha , Sun Linfeng , Kim Hyun , Yu Hua , Joo Min‐Kyu , Park Sang Hyun , Yang Heejun , Duong Dinh Loc , Lee Young Hee 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAtomically thin 2D van der Waals semiconductors are promising candidates for next‐generation nanoscale field‐effect transistors (FETs). Although large‐area 2D van der Waals materials have been successfully synthesized, such nanometer‐length‐scale devices have not been well demonstrated in 2D van der Waals semiconductors. Here, controllable nanometer‐scale transistors with a channel length of ≈10 nm are fabricated via vertical channels by squeezing an ultrathin insulating spacer between the out‐of‐plane source and drain electrodes, and the feasibility of high‐density and large‐scale fabrication is demonstrated. A large on‐current density of ≈70 µA µm−1 nm−1 at a source–drain voltage of 0.5 V and a high on/off ratio of ≈107–109 are obtained in ultrashort 2D vertical channel FETs with monolayer MoS2 synthesized through chemical vapor deposition. The work provides a promising route toward the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor‐compatible fabrication of wafer‐scale 2D van der Waals transistors with high‐density integration.
Shortened telomere length is associated with unfair treatment attributed to race in African Americans living in Tallahassee, Florida
Authors: Rej Peter H. ,   HEAT Steering Committee, Gravlee Clarence C. , Mulligan Connie J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesExperiences of interpersonal discrimination are pervasive stressors in the lives of African Americans. Increased discrimination stress may cause premature aging. Telomere length (TL) is a plastic genetic trait that is an emerging indicator of cellular health and aging. Short TL is a risk factor for the earlier onset of disease. TL shortens with age, a process that may be accelerated by psychosocial stress. Our study explores the relationship between TL and experiences of discrimination in the form of self‐reported unfair treatment (UT).MethodsUsing a qPCR‐based method, we measured TL in DNA from saliva samples provided by 135 African American adults from Tallahassee, FL. We developed discrimination measures using a modified survey that explores nine social domains of self‐reported unfair treatment experienced both directly and indirectly. We used multiple regression to examine associations between UT and TL.ResultsWe found that racial discrimination in the form of self‐reported unfair treatment attributed to race (UT‐Race‐Self) is inversely associated with TL.ConclusionsThe significant association between increased UT‐Race‐Self and shorter telomeres supports the hypothesis that psychosocial stress stemming from racial discrimination may affect TL. The potential impact of discrimination on TL may contribute to premature biological aging and racial health inequalities seen in African Americans.
Congenital heart defects associated with aneuploidy syndromes: New insights into familiar associations
Authors: Lin Angela E. , Santoro Stephanie , High Frances A. , Goldenberg Paula , Gutmark‐Little Iris 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe frequent occurrence of congenital heart defects (CHDs) in chromosome abnormality syndromes is well‐known, and among aneuploidy syndromes, distinctive patterns have been delineated. We update the type and frequency of CHDs in the aneuploidy syndromes involving trisomy 13, 18, 21, and 22, and in several sex chromosome abnormalities (Turner syndrome, trisomy X, Klinefelter syndrome, 47,XYY, and 48,XXYY). We also discuss the impact of noninvasive prenatal screening (mainly, cell‐free DNA analysis), critical CHD screening, and the growth of parental advocacy on their surgical management and natural history. We encourage clinicians to view the cardiac diagnosis as a “phenotype” which supplements the external dysmorphology examination. When detected prenatally, severe CHDs may influence decision‐making, and postnatally, they are often the major determinants of survival. This review should be useful to geneticists, cardiologists, neonatologists, perinatal specialists, other pediatric specialists, and general pediatricians. As patients survive (and thrive) into adulthood, internists and related adult specialists will also need to be informed about their natural history and management.
Importance of Land, family and culture for a good life: Remote Aboriginal people with disability and carers
Authors: Dew Angela , Barton Rebecca , Gilroy John , Ryall Lee , Lincoln Michelle , Jensen Heather , Flood Vicki , Taylor Kerry , McCrae Kim 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWorldwide health and social outcomes of Indigenous people are poorer than those of non‐Indigenous. In Australia, the Indigenous population experience disability at more than twice the rate of the non‐Indigenous population, and a quarter live in geographically remote areas. The challenges associated with accessing services and supports in remote communities can impact on a good life for Aboriginal people with disability. Interviews were conducted with Aboriginal people (Anangu) with disability and family carers from remote Central Australian communities and service workers. Thematic data analysis determined factors Anangu viewed as essential to living a good life: connection to their Lands, being with family and engaging in cultural activities. Workers' support for a good life involves “Proper Way” help and an understanding of Anangu culture. Three culturally relevant strengths‐based concepts are important in supporting Anangu with disability to live a good life: being connected to the Lands and family, sharing together and working together.
Controlled delivery of ciprofloxacin and ivacaftor via sinus stent in a preclinical model of Pseudomonas sinusitis
Authors: Lim Dong‐Jin , McCormick Justin , Skinner Daniel , Zhang Shaoyan , Elder Jeffrey B. , McLemore John G. , Allen Mark , West John Martin , Grayson Jessica W. , Rowe Steven M. , Woodworth Bradford A. , Cho Do‐Yeon 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundPseudomonas aeruginosa is common in chronic rhinosinusitus (CRS) and frequently resistant to antibiotic treatment. We recently described the ciprofloxacin and ivacaftor‒releasing biodegradable sinus stent (CISS)―a drug‐delivery system that administers ciprofloxacin and the mucociliary activator (ivacaftor) at high local concentrations with prolonged mucosal contact time and sustained delivery. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the CISS in a rabbit model of P aeruginosa (PAO1 strain) sinusitis.MethodsCiprofloxacin/ivacaftor (double layer) was coated on biodegradable poly‐D/L‐lactic acid (PLLA). A total of 10 sinus stents (5 bare PLLA stent controls, 5 CISSs) were placed unilaterally in rabbit maxillary sinuses via dorsal sinusotomy after inducing infection for 1 week with PAO1. Animals were assessed 3 weeks after stent insertion with sinus culture, nasal endoscopy, computed tomography scan, histopathology, and in‐vivo sinus potential difference (SPD) assay.ResultsRabbits treated with CISS had significant reductions in computed tomography (∆ Kerschner scale: control, 0.55 ± 0.92; CISS, −5.92 ± 1.69; p = 0.024) and endoscopy (control, 4.0 ± 0.0; CISS, 1.875 ± 0.74; p = 0.003) scores. A 2‐log reduction of PAO1 was observed (control, −2.14 ± 0.77; CISS, 1.84 ± 1.52; p = 0.047). SPD revealed significantly increased Cl− transport in the CISS group compared with the control group (Cl−‐free + forskolin ΔPD: control, −4.23 ± 1.04 mV; CISS, −18.36 ± 6.31 mV; p = 0.026). Finally, marked improvements were noted in the histology of the mucosa and submucosa in treated animals.ConclusionThe CISS had robust clinical efficacy in treating P aeruginosa rabbit sinusitis. The innovative design of double‐layered drug coating on the surface of the biodegradable stent may provide therapeutic advantages over current treatment strategies for P aeruginosa sinusitis.
Mass Activated Droplet Sorting (MADS) Enables High‐Throughput Screening of Enzymatic Reactions at Nanoliter Scale
Authors: Holland‐Moritz Daniel A. , Wismer Michael K. , Mann Benjamin F. , Farasat Iman , Devine Paul , Guetschow Erik D. , Mangion Ian , Welch Christopher J. , Moore Jeffrey C. , Sun Shuwen , Kennedy Robert T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMicrofluidic droplet sorting enables the high‐throughput screening and selection of water‐in‐oil microreactors at speeds and volumes unparalleled by traditional well‐plate approaches. Most such systems sort using fluorescent reporters on modified substrates or reactions that are rarely industrially relevant. We describe a microfluidic system for high‐throughput sorting of nanoliter droplets based on direct detection using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). Droplets are split, one portion is analyzed by ESI‐MS, and the second portion is sorted based on the MS result. Throughput of 0.7 samples s−1 is achieved with 98 % accuracy using a self‐correcting and adaptive sorting algorithm. We use the system to screen ≈15 000 samples in 6 h and demonstrate its utility by sorting 25 nL droplets containing transaminase expressed in vitro. Label‐free ESI‐MS droplet screening expands the toolbox for droplet detection and recovery, improving the applicability of droplet sorting to protein engineering, drug discovery, and diagnostic workflows.
Bioorthogonal Ligation and Cleavage by Reactions of Chloroquinoxalines with ortho‐Dithiophenols
Authors: Li Youshan , Lou Zhenbang , Li Hongyun , Yang Haijun , Zhao Yufen , Fu Hua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA bioorthogonal ligation and cleavage method via reactions of chloroquinoxalines (CQ) and ortho‐dithiophenols (DT) is presented. Double nucleophilic substitutions of ortho‐dithiophenols to chloroquinoxalines provide conjugates containing tetracyclic benzo[5,6][1,4]dithiino[2,3‐b]quinoxaline with strong built‐in fluorescence together with release of the other functional molecules. Three cleavable linkers were designed and successfully used in release of the molecules containing biotin from the protein conjugates. The CQ‐DT bioorthogonal reactions can be applied for the bioorthogonal ligations, bioorthogonal cleavages, and trans‐tagging of proteins, and show advantages of readily accessible unnatural orthogonal groups, appealing reaction kinetics (k2≈1.3 m−1 s−1), excellent biocompatibility of orthogonal groups, and high stability of conjugates. This complements previous bioorthogonal reactions and is a new route for protein‐fishing applications and in‐gel fluorescence analysis.
Fragmentverknüpfungen in der Totalsynthese – Bildung von C‐C‐Bindungen über intermediäre Carbanionen oder freie Radikale
Authors: Tomanik Martin , Hsu Ian Tingyung , Herzon Seth B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFragmentverknüpfungen unter Bildung von C‐C‐Bindungen sind nützlich für die Syntheseplanung. Die Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der metallkatalysierten Kreuzkupplungen Anfang der 2000er Jahre sorgten für eine hohe Planbarkeit und Zuverlässigkeit bei C‐C‐Verknüpfungen zwischen ungesättigten Synthesebausteinen. In den vergangenen Jahren stieg hingegen das Interesse an Fragmentverknüpfungen, die über carbanionische oder offenschalige (radikalische) Zwischenstufen verlaufen. Radikalische Fragmentverknüpfungen wurden vor allem durch die Weiterentwickelung von Methoden zur Herstellung und Verwendung von Kohlenstoffradikalen unter milden Bedingungen vorangebracht. In diesem Aufsatz geben wir einen Überblick über ausgewählte neue Synthesen, in denen auf Carbanionen oder Radikalen basierende Fragmentverknüpfungen zur Bildung von C‐C‐Bindungen genutzt wurden. Unser Ziel ist, den strategischen Nutzen dieser Bindungsbrüche in ihren jeweiligen Anordnungen hervorzuheben und aus jedem Beispiel breiter anwendbare Lehren zu ziehen, die für Studierende aufschlussreich sein könnten.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Inert C−H Bond Activation Assisted by a Chiral Transient Directing Group
Authors: Li Guozhu , Liu Qinzhe , Vasamsetty Laxmaiah , Guo Weicong , Wang Jun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular hydroarylation assisted by a chiral transient directing group has been developed. A series of 2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans bearing chiral all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters have been prepared in remarkably high yields (up to 98 %) and enantioselectivities (up to >99 % ee). By this methodology, a novel asymmetric total synthesis of CB2 receptor agonist MDA7 has been successfully developed.
EGF‐artige und andere disulfidreiche Mikrodomänen als therapeutische Molekülgerüste
Authors: Tombling Benjamin J. , Wang Conan K. , Craik David J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn Peptiden und Proteinen führen Disulfidbrücken typischerweise zu konformativer Einschränkung, welche die biopharmazeutischen Eigenschaften verbessert und das therapeutische Potenzial vergrößert. Unserer Meinung nach stellen disulfidreiche Mikrodomänen von Proteinen möglicherweise eine reichhaltige und unerschlossene Quelle an Wirkstoff‐Leitsubstanzen dar. Eine Untersuchung der Proteindatenbank UniProt zeigt, dass solche Domänen im Pflanzen‐ und Tierreich weit verbreitet sind, und EGF‐artige Domänen am häufigsten vorkommen. EGF‐artige Domänen zeigen eine hohe Vielfalt an Disulfidbrückenstrukturen sowie Arten der Calciumbindung, welche wir hier im Detail klassifizieren. Viele EGF‐artige Domänen sind mit Krankheitsphänotypen assoziiert, und die von ihnen gesteuerten Wechselwirkungen sind potenzielle therapeutische Angriffspunkte. Tatsächlich wurden auf EGF basierende therapeutische Leitsubstanzen identifiziert, und wir schlagen vor, dass diese Domänen mithilfe von chemischen Designstrategien optimiert werden können, um ihr therapeutisches Potenzial zu erweitern. Dieser Aufsatz streicht das Potenzial solcher disulfidreicher Mikrodomänen als zukünftige Peptidtherapeutika heraus.
PIII/PV=O Catalyzed Cascade Synthesis of N‐Functionalized Azaheterocycles
Authors: Nykaza Trevor V. , Li Gen , Yang Junyu , Luzung Michael R. , Radosevich Alexander T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn organocatalytic method for the modular synthesis of diverse N‐aryl and N‐alkyl azaheterocycles (indoles, oxindoles, benzimidazoles, and quinoxalinediones) is reported. The method employs a small‐ring organophosphorus‐based catalyst (1,2,2,3,4,4‐hexamethylphosphetane P‐oxide) and a hydrosilane reductant to drive the conversion of ortho‐functionalized nitroarenes into azaheterocycles through sequential intermolecular reductive C−N cross coupling with boronic acids, followed by intramolecular cyclization. This method enables the rapid construction of azaheterocycles from readily available building blocks, including a regiospecific approach to N‐substituted benzimidazoles and quinoxalinediones.
Complex Carbocyclic Skeletons from Aryl Ketones through a Three‐Photon Cascade Reaction
Authors: Næsborg Line , Jandl Christian , Zech Andreas , Bach Thorsten 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStarting from readily available 7‐substituted 1‐indanones, products with a tetracyclo[5.3.1.01,704,11]undec‐2‐ene skeleton were obtained upon irradiation at λ=350 nm (eight examples, 49–67 % yield). The assembly of the structurally complex carbon framework proceeds in a three‐photon process comprising an ortho photocycloaddition, a disrotatory [4π] photocyclization, and a di‐π‐methane rearrangement. The flat aromatic core of the starting material is converted into a functionalized polycyclic hydrocarbon with exit vectors in three dimensions. Ring opening reactions at the central cyclopropane ring were explored, which enable the preparation of tricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undec‐2‐enes and of tricyclo[6.2.1.01,5]undecanes.
Radical Transfer Dissociation for De Novo Characterization of Modified Ribonucleic Acids by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Calderisi Giovanni , Glasner Heidelinde , Breuker Kathrin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMass spectrometry (MS) can reliably detect and localize all mass‐altering modifications of ribonucleic acids (RNA), but current MS approaches that allow for simultaneous de novo sequencing and modification analysis generally require specialized instrumentation. Here we report a novel RNA dissociation technique, radical transfer dissociation (RTD), that can be used for the comprehensive de novo characterization of ribonucleic acids and their posttranscriptional or synthetic modifications. We demonstrate full sequence coverage for RNA consisting of up to 39 nucleotides and show that RTD is especially useful for RNA with highly labile modifications such as 5‐hydroxymethylcytidine and 5‐formylcytidine.
Deconstructive Oxygenation of Unstrained Cycloalkanamines
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Wu , Wang Yuan‐Rui , Pan Jia‐Hao , He Yi‐Heng , Yu Wei , Han Bing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA deconstructive oxygenation of unstrained primary cycloalkanamines has been developed for the first time using an auto‐oxidative aromatization promoted C(sp3)−C(sp3) bond cleavage strategy. This metal‐free method involves the substitution reaction of cycloalkanamines with hydrazonyl chlorides and subsequent auto‐oxidative annulation to in situ generate pre‐aromatics, followed by N‐radical‐promoted ring‐opening and further oxygenation by 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) and m‐cholorperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA). Consequently, a series of 1,2,4‐triazole‐containing acyclic carbonyl compounds were efficiently produced. This protocol features a one‐pot operation, mild reaction conditions, high regioselectivity and ring‐opening efficiency, broad substrate scope, and is compatible with alkaloids, osamines, and peptides, as well as steroids.
Multiscale techniques for 3D imaging of magnetic data for archaeo‐geophysical investigations in the Middle East: the case of Tell Barri (Syria)
Authors: Florio Giovanni , Cella Federico , Speranza Luca , Castaldo Raffaele , Pierobon Benoit Raffaella , Palermo Rocco 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecent techniques of three‐dimensional (3D) imaging of potential field anomalies are effective in estimating the source position in the subsurface by exploiting both the differentiation of the field and the stability of the method. Such a processing is fast and especially suitable for detecting isolated and compact sources, as usually are those of archaeological interest. Among these methods we employed techniques that take advantage from innovative concepts like the multiscale transformation and the scaling function, going well beyond the standard procedures usually employed for data processing with archaeological purposes. We interpreted magnetic data acquired during two geophysical surveys carried out in 2008 and 2010 at Tell Barri, in north‐eastern Syria. Tell Barri is a relevant site for the history of North Mesopotamia. The earliest settlement dates back to the end of the fourth millennium bce whereas the site has been occupied – with no major breaks – until the fourteenth century ce. Based on the magnetic data interpretation, we have selected a test area as a target for an archeological excavation. The excavation found ancient structures closely matching the magnetic source revealed by the geophysical imaging. Since both the ground soil and the material of buried archaeological structures are representative of several ancient settlements in a much larger area (Upper Mesopotamia), we believe that such a geophysical approach could be successful in many archaeological sites scattered through this broad region.
Improved lignocellulolytic enzyme production and antioxidant extraction using solid‐state fermentation of olive pomace mixed with winery waste
Authors: Filipe Diogo , Fernandes Helena , Castro Carolina , Peres Helena , Oliva‐Teles Aires , Belo Isabel , Salgado José M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOlive pomace is characterized by its low nutritional value and high phenolic content, which hinders its direct use as animal feed, fertilizer, or as a substrate in bioprocesses such as solid‐state fermentation (SSF). A possible strategy for bioprocessing olive pomace by SSF is the mixture of olive mill wastes with other wastes produced in the same region, such as winery wastes. This may improve the production of bioactive compounds like enzymes and antioxidant phenolics. A simplex‐centroid design was used to evaluate the use of olive mill and winery wastes alone or in combination as a substrate for SSF with Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus ibericus. Synergistic effects of combinations of crude olive pomace (COP), exhausted olive pomace (EOP), vine trimming shoots (VTS), and exhausted grape marc (EGM) were observed in the production of xylanases, cellulases, β‐glucosidases, and in the variation in total phenolics and antioxidant activity of SFF extracts. A multiple response optimization was carried out, leading to the following optimal mixture of substrates: for A. niger, 23% (w/w) COP, 30% EGM, 33% VTS, 14% EOP; for A. ibericus, 30% EGM, 36% VTS, 34% EOP. The scale‐up to tray bioreactor with optimal substrate made it possible to achieve the maximum xylanase, cellulase, and β‐glucosidase production of 189.1 ± 26.7, 56.3 ± 2.1 and 10.9 ± 0.8 U/g, respectively. The antioxidant activity of fermented wastes was also improved 2.2‐fold as compared with unfermented wastes. Thus, a combination of olive mill and winery wastes in SSF is a potential strategy to increase their value and to develop a circular strategy in these industries. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.