bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Studies of Protein Misfolding and Neurodegeneration Induced by Metabolic Syndrome Relative to Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion: A Critical Review
Authors: I. Herrera María , P. Luaces Juan , D. Udovin Lucas , Toro-Urrego Nicolás , Otero-Losada Matilde , Capani Francisco 
Published: November 2020

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) leads to microvascular dysfunction and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) in an insidious way. Clinical evidence and several rodent models have contributed to determining the neurodegenerative effect of a sustained decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF). Protein misfolding and aggregation derived from CCH might account for the establishment of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the complex and multifactorial etiology of cerebrovascular disease demands the combination of experimental models in scientific research. In this sense, the present work aims at summarizing the differential available rodent paradigms for studying the establishment of cognitive decline resulting from protein misfolding induced by MetS in association with CCH. Revising experimental findings in the field will help further basic research on the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular disease and the future testing of protein-remodeling factors as neuroprotective agents for the prevention of cognitive impairment.
Early abolition of cough reflex predicts mortality in deeply sedated brain-injured patients
Authors: Kandelman Stanislas , Allary Jérémy , Porcher Raphael , Righy Cássia , Valdez Clarissa Francisca , Rasulo Frank , Heming Nicholas , Moneger Guy , Azabou Eric , Savary Guillaume , Annane Djillali , Chretien Fabrice , Latronico Nicola , Bozza Fernando Augusto , Rohaut Benjamin , Sharshar Tarek ,   Groupe d’Exploration Neurologique en Réanimation (GENeR)
Published: November 2020

Background
Deep sedation may hamper the detection of neurological deterioration in brain-injured patients. Impaired brainstem reflexes within the first 24 h of deep sedation are associated with increased mortality in non-brain-injured patients. Our objective was to confirm this association in brain-injured patients.

Methods
This was an observational prospective multicenter cohort study involving four neuro-intensive care units. We included acute brain-injured patients requiring deep sedation, defined by a Richmond Assessment Sedation Scale (RASS) < −3. Neurological assessment was performed at day 1 and included pupillary diameter, pupillary light, corneal and cough reflexes, and grimace and motor response to noxious stimuli. Pre-sedation Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS-II) were collected, as well as the cause of death in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

Results
A total of 137 brain-injured patients were recruited, including 70 (51%) traumatic brain-injured patients, 40 (29%) vascular (subarachnoid hemorrhage or intracerebral hemorrhage). Thirty patients (22%) died in the ICU. At day 1, the corneal (OR 2.69, p = 0.034) and cough reflexes (OR 5.12, p = 0.0003) were more frequently abolished in patients that died in the ICU. In a multivariate analysis, abolished cough reflex was associated with ICU mortality after adjustment to pre-sedation GCS, SAPS-II, RASS (OR: 5.19, 95% CI [1.92–14.1], p = 0.001) or dose of sedatives (OR: 8.89, 95% CI [2.64–30.0], p = 0.0004).

Conclusion
Early (day 1) cough reflex abolition is an independent predictor of mortality in deeply sedated brain-injured patients. Abolished cough reflex likely reflects a brainstem dysfunction that might result from the combination of primary and secondary neuro-inflammatory cerebral insults revealed and/or worsened by sedation.
Umbilical Cord Blood Culture in General in the Diagnosis of Sageis Newborns
Authors: Porval Naredra P. , Reshmi Kanvikar , Potdar D. B. , Karanjkar S. B. 
Published: November 2020

Worldwide neonatal sepsis is among the most frequent causes of neonatal death. Various studies have tried to establish the relationship between prevalence of neonatal septicemia risk factors and bacteriological profiling, low birth weight, prematurity, etc. Current study was aimed to compare early onset of neonatal sepsis (EONS) among primigravida and multigravida mothers using umbilical cord blood (UCB) and peripheral venous blood (PVB) samples. It was also aimed to establish the utilization of umbilical cord blood culture (UCBC) in comparison to peripheral venous blood culture (PVBC) in identifying EONS. In present study the blood samples were collected from high risk neonates for the clinical blood culture and screening. Among the 75 neonates in the study, 24 (32.0%) were observed to have sepsis screen positive. Study of high risk neonates umbilical cord blood culture (UCBC) positivity was 17.3% while Peripheral Venous blood culture positivity was 5.3%. Moreover, in this study all risk factors like Prematurity, Low birth weights, Premature rupture of membrane, and birth asphyxia were significantly (p<0.05) associated with UCBC growth/positivity. Low birth weight (86%) was mostly reported in the high risk neonates with other associated sepsis factors. Similarly maternal fever and prolonged rupture of membrane was highly significantly (p<0.01) associated with UCBC positivity. Gram negative bacterias were more commonly found, such as Pseudomonas (5.3%), followed by E. coli (4%), and Klebsiella (2.7%) and gram positive Streptococcus sp. (2.7%), etc. From our analysis it can be said that the UCBC has strong diagnostic outcomes as compared to the PVBC for etiological evaluation of bacterial sepsis in neonates at high risk.
The Impact of Self‐Efficacy on Activity Limitations in Patients With Hip Osteoarthritis: Results From a Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Bieler Theresa , Anderson Thomas , Beyer Nina , Rosthøj Susanne 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivePain and activity limitations are the main health complaints in osteoarthritis. We explored pathways between pain and activity limitations in a chain mediation model that involved self‐efficacy, physical activity behavior, and muscle function in patients with hip osteoarthritis not awaiting hip replacement.MethodsWe used cross‐sectional, baseline data from a randomized controlled trial on 152 patients with clinical hip osteoarthritis according to the American College of Rheumatology not awaiting hip replacement. The associations between pain, self‐efficacy, self‐reported physical activity, muscle function (leg extensor power), and activity limitations (performance‐based and self‐reported activity limitation outcomes) were modeled using structural equation models.ResultsThe effect of pain on performance‐based activity limitation was fully mediated by self‐efficacy, physical activity, and muscle function. Of the total effect of self‐efficacy on performance‐based activity limitation, the direct effect accounted for 63% (95% CI: 45%‐82%), whereas the indirect effect via physical activity constituted 16% (95% CI: 1%‐30%) and the indirect effect via muscle function constituted 21% (95% CI: 9%‐32%). In contrast, physical activity and muscle function had no effect on self‐reported activity limitations, whereas pain had a direct effect and an indirect effect mediated by self‐efficacy.ConclusionOur results suggest that self‐efficacy should be taken into consideration in prevention and treatment of activity limitations in patients with hip osteoarthritis not awaiting hip replacement. Coupling exercise with programs of self‐efficacy enhancement could potentially increase the positive effects of exercise.
Ink Engineering of Transport Layers for 9.5% Efficient All‐Printed Semitransparent Nonfullerene Solar Cells
Authors: Corzo Daniel , Bihar Eloïse , Alexandre Emily Bezerra , Rosas‐Villalva Diego , Baran Derya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNew polymer donors and nonfullerene acceptors have elevated the performance and stability of solar cells to higher grounds. To achieve their full potential, they require their adaptation to scalable and cost‐effective solution manufacturing techniques for large area deposition. Likewise, formulating scalable solution‐based transport layer inks that are compatible with the photoactive layer is imperative. This manuscript reports the full integration of solution‐based transport layers and electrode alongside a PTB7‐Th:IEICO‐4F bulk heterojunction in inverted architecture through inkjet‐printing, resulting in power conversion efficiencies up to 12.4% opaque devices and 9.5% semitransparent devices with average visible transmittance values of 50.1%, including hole transport layer. The wetting envelope of the highly‐hydrophobic photoactive layer alongside the surface energy of candidate solutions and solvents allows the formulation of thick transport layer inks that are compatible with the drop‐on‐demand inkjet‐printing process and yield uniform and homogenous films. Moreover, the surface energy components of the donor and acceptor serves as a fingerprint to assess the vertical stratification of the photoactive layer with the inclusion of different solvents. This methodology addresses a scale‐up bottleneck of solution‐based transport layers for high‐efficiency organic cells, enabling its adaptation to high‐throughput techniques including slot‐die and roll‐to‐roll coating.
Superhierarchical Inorganic/Organic Nanocomposites Exhibiting Simultaneous Ultrahigh Dielectric Energy Density and High Efficiency
Authors: Luo Bingcheng , Shen Zhonghui , Cai Ziming , Tian Enke , Yao Yuan , Li Baiwen , Kursumovic Ahmed , MacManus‐Driscoll Judith L. , Li Longtu , Chen Long‐Qing , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInorganic/organic dielectric nanocomposites have been extensively explored for energy storage applications for their ease of processing, flexibility, and low cost. However, achieving simultaneous high energy density and high efficiency under practically workable electric fields has been a long‐standing challenge. Guided by first‐principles calculations of interface properties and phase‐field simulations of the dynamic dielectric breakdown process, superhierarchical nanocomposites of ferroelectric perovskites, layered aluminosilicate nanosheets, and an organic polymer matrix are designed and simultaneous high energy density of 20 J cm−3 and high efficiency of 84% at a low electric field of 510 MV m−1 are achieved. This is the highest energy density of all the state‐of‐the‐art dielectric polymer nanocomposites with energy efficiency > 80% at a low electric field of <600 MV m−1. Strong atomic hybridization, large ionic displacement, the enhanced breakdown strength through forming charge‐blocking layers, and the superhierarchical microstructure with gradient interfaces are responsible for the high performances. This superhierarchical structuring modulation strategy is generally applicable to composites for different functionalities and applications.
Self‐Assembled Colloidal Nanopatterns toward Unnatural Optical Meta‐Materials
Authors: Wang Ke , Park Seong Hun , Zhu Jintao , Kim Jung Kyu , Zhang Lianbin , Yi Gi‐Ra 
Published: November 2020

Abstract2D nanoscale patterns have been extensively investigated for various applications including information storage devices, non‐volatile memory devices, chemical or biological sensors. Recently, such nanostructured patterns have been gaining lots of attention because of their potential uses as meta‐materials or meta‐surfaces with unnatural optical properties. In particular, self‐assembled colloidal monolayers of gold nanoparticles (NPs) have been demonstrated as optical meta‐materials for unnaturally high refractive index (neff > 4) at optical frequency. Raspberry‐like particles or spherical assembly of NPs are also investigated for negative or near‐zero index of refraction. Thanks to the recent advance in colloidal chemistry for shaping NPs with controlling the interaction, non‐close‐packed, or even non‐periodic colloidal nanostructures can be achieved, which may be potentially useful for optical meta‐surfaces. In this article, a brief introduction of optical meta‐materials is provided and recent progress for high‐index and negative‐index meta‐materials are reviewed. In the second part, the meta‐surfaces will be briefly described including fundamental principle and some of the key potential applications. Finally, the recent experimental progress of high‐precision self‐assembly for the meta‐surface fabrication will be discussed.
T Cell‐Mediated Transport of Polymer Nanoparticles across the Blood–Brain Barrier
Authors: Ayer Maxime , Schuster Markus , Gruber Isabelle , Blatti Claudia , Kaba Elisa , Enzmann Gaby , Burri Olivier , Guiet Romain , Seitz Arne , Engelhardt Britta , Klok Harm‐Anton 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDelivery of therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS) is challenging due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Amongst various approaches that have been explored to facilitate drug delivery to the CNS, the use of cells that have the intrinsic ability to cross the BBB is relatively unexplored, yet very attractive. This paper presents a first proof‐of‐concept that demonstrates the feasibility of activated effector/memory CD4+ helper T cells (CD4+ TEM cells) as carriers for the delivery of polymer nanoparticles across the BBB. This study shows that CD4+ TEM cells can be decorated with poly(ethylene glycol)‐modified polystyrene nanoparticles using thiol–maleimide coupling chemistry, resulting in the immobilization of ≈105 nanoparticles per cell as determined by confocal microscopy. The ability of these cells to serve as carriers to transport nanoparticles across the BBB is established in vitro and in vivo. Using in vitro BBB models, CD4+ TEM cells are found to be able to transport nanoparticles across the BBB both under static conditions as well as under physiological flow. Finally, upon systemic administration, nanoparticle‐modified T cells are shown to enter the brain parenchyma of mice, demonstrating the brain delivery potential of this T cell subset in allogeneic hosts.
Nano versus Molecular: Optical Imaging Approaches to Detect and Monitor Tumor Hypoxia
Authors: Cheng Miffy Hok Yan , Mo Yulin , Zheng Gang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHypoxia is a ubiquitous feature of solid tumors, which plays a key role in tumor angiogenesis and resistance development. Conventional hypoxia detection methods lack continuous functional detection and are generally less suitable for dynamic hypoxia measurement. Optical sensors hereby provide a unique opportunity to noninvasively image hypoxia with high spatiotemporal resolution and enable real‐time detection. Therefore, these approaches can provide a valuable tool for personalized treatment planning against this hallmark of aggressive cancers. Many small optical molecular probes can enable analyte triggered response and their photophysical properties can also be fine‐tuned through structural modification. On the other hand, optical nanoprobes can acquire unique intrinsic optical properties through nanoconfinement as well as enable simultaneous multimodal imaging and drug delivery. Furthermore, nanoprobes provide biological advantages such as improving bioavailability and systemic delivery of the sensor to enhance bioavailability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the physical, chemical, and biological analytes for cancer hypoxia detection and focuses on discussing the latest nano‐ and molecular developments in various optical imaging approaches (fluorescence, phosphorescence, and photoacoustic) in vivo. Finally, this review concludes with a perspective toward the potentials of these optical imaging approaches in hypoxia detection and the challenges with molecular and nanotechnology design strategies.
All‐Solid‐State Batteries with a Limited Lithium Metal Anode at Room Temperature using a Garnet‐Based Electrolyte
Authors: Chen Shaojie , Zhang Jingxuan , Nie Lu , Hu Xiangchen , Huang Yuanqi , Yu Yi , Liu Wei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMetallic lithium (Li), considered as the ultimate anode, is expected to promise high‐energy rechargeable batteries. However, owing to the continuous Li consumption during the repeated Li plating/stripping cycling, excess amount of the Li metal anode is commonly utilized in lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs), leading to reduced energy density and increased cost. Here, an all‐solid‐state lithium‐metal battery (ASSLMB) based on a garnet‐oxide solid electrolyte with an ultralow negative/positive electrode capacity ratio (N/P ratio) is reported. Compared with the counterpart using a liquid electrolyte at the same low N/P ratios, ASSLMBs show longer cycling life, which is attributed to the higher Coulombic efficiency maintained during cycling. The effect of the species of the interface layer on the cycling performance of ASSLMBs with low N/P ratio is also studied. Importantly, it is demonstrated that the ASSLMB using a limited Li metal anode paired with a LiFePO4 cathode (5.9 N/P ratio) delivers a stable long‐term cycling performance at room temperature. Furthermore, it is revealed that enhanced specific energies for ASSLMBs with low N/P ratios can be further achieved by the use of a high‐voltage or high mass‐loading cathode. This study sheds light on the practical high‐energy all‐solid‐state batteries under the constrained condition of a limited Li metal anode.
Plant Nanobionic Sensors for Arsenic Detection
Authors: Lew Tedrick Thomas Salim , Park Minkyung , Cui Jianqiao , Strano Michael S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractArsenic is a highly toxic heavy‐metal pollutant which poses a significant health risk to humans and other ecosystems. In this work, the natural ability of wild‐type plants to pre‐concentrate and extract arsenic from the belowground environment is exploited to engineer plant nanobionic sensors for real‐time arsenic detection. Near‐infrared fluorescent nanosensors are specifically designed for sensitive and selective detection of arsenite. These optical nanosensors are embedded in plant tissues to non‐destructively access and monitor the internal dynamics of arsenic taken up by the plants via the roots. The integration of optical nanosensors with living plants enables the conversion of plants into self‐powered autosamplers of arsenic from their environment. Arsenite detection is demonstrated with three different plant species as nanobionic sensors. Based on an experimentally validated kinetic model, the nanobionic sensor could detect 0.6 and 0.2 ppb levels of arsenic after 7 and 14 days respectively by exploiting the natural ability of Pteris cretica ferns to hyperaccumulate and tolerate exceptionally high level of arsenic. The sensor readout could also be interfaced with portable electronics at a standoff distance, potentially enabling applications in environmental monitoring and agronomic research.
Quasi‐Epitaxial Growth of Magnetic Nanostructures on 4H‐Au Nanoribbons
Authors: Cheng Hongfei , Yang Nailiang , Liu Xiaozhi , Guo Yilv , Liu Bin , Yang Jianhui , Chen Ye , Chen Bo , Fan Zhanxi , Lu Qipeng , Yuan Shijun , Wang Jinlan , Gu Lin , Zhang Hua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhase engineering of nanomaterials is an effective strategy to tune the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials for various promising applications. Herein, by using the 4H‐Au nanoribbons as templates, four novel magnetic nanostructures, namely 4H‐Au @ 14H‐Co nanobranches, 4H‐Au @ 14H‐Co nanoribbons, 4H‐Au @ 2H‐Co nanoribbons, and 4H‐Au @ 2H‐Ni nanoribbons, are synthesized based on the quasi‐epitaxial growth. Different from the conventional epitaxial growth of metal nanomaterials, the obtained Co and Ni nanostructures possess different crystal phases from the Au template. Due to the large lattice mismatch between Au and the grown metals (i.e., Co and Ni), ordered misfit dislocations are generated at the Co/Au and Ni/Au interfaces. Notably, a new super‐structure of Co is formed, denoted as 14H. Both 4H‐Au @ 14H‐Co nanobranches and nanoribbons are ferromagnetic at room temperature, showing similar Curie temperature. However, their magnetic behaviors exhibit distinct temperature dependence, resulting from the competition between spin and volume fluctuations as well as the unique geometry. This work paves the way to the templated synthesis of nanomaterials with unconventional crystal phases for the exploration of phase‐dependent properties.
Facilitated Water Adsorption and Dissociation on Ni/Ni3S2 Nanoparticles Embedded in Porous S‐doped Carbon Nanosheet Arrays for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Yong , Patel Dipam M. , Tsang Chui‐Shan , Zhang Renqin , Liu Mengjie , Hwang Gyeong S. , Lee Lawrence Yoon Suk 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThree‐dimensional carbon‐based catalysts grown on a conductive substrate offer superior electrocatalytic activities toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a novel method is described for in situ fabrication of hybrid Ni/Ni3S2 nanoparticles embedded in S‐doped carbon nanosheet arrays (Ni/Ni3S2/SC NSAs) on carbon cloth. With the morphological merits of large surface area and high conductivity, Ni/Ni3S2/SC NSAs are demonstrated as an efficient and durable HER catalyst that requires merely 90 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope of 81 mV dec−1. This excellent performance is ascribed to the excellent H2O adsorption property of S‐doped C layer and formation of Niδ+ and Sδ− species that promote the cleavage of H–OH bonds. First‐principles calculations further reveal that the Ni surface near the Ni/Ni3S2 interface has a larger water adsorption energy (Ead) and lower activation energy for water dissociation (Ea) than pure Ni and Ni3S2, which contribute to enhanced HER performance. This work offers valuable insights into the designing of interface between transition metal‐based catalysts and heteroatom‐doped carbon materials.
Solid Electrolytes for High‐Temperature Stable Batteries and Supercapacitors
Authors: Kumaravel Vignesh , Bartlett John , Pillai Suresh C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractReports of recent fire accidents in the electronics and electric vehicles (EVs) industries show that thermal runaway (TR) reactions are a key consideration for the industry. Utilization of solid electrolytes (SEs) could be an important solution in to the TR issues connected to exothermic electrochemical reactions. Data on the thermal stability of modern SEs, ionic transport mechanisms, kinetics, thermal models, recent advances, challenges, and future prospects are presented in this review. Ceramic polymer nanocomposites are the most appropriate SEs for high‐temperature stable batteries (in the range of 80–200 °C). Hydrogels and ionogels can be employed as stable, flexible, and mechanically durable SEs for antifreeze (up to –50 °C) and high‐temperature (up to 200 °C) applications in supercapacitors. Besides the thermal safety features, SEs can also prolong the lifecycle of energy storage devices in next‐generation EVs, space devices, aviation gadgets, defense tools, and mobile electronics.