bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic anisotropy in deforming halite: evidence from the Mahogany salt body
Authors: Prasse Philipp , Wookey James , Kendall J-Michael , Roberts Daniel , Dutko Martin 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARY
We present unambiguous evidence that the Mahogany salt body, located in the Northern part of the Gulf of Mexico, is seismically anisotropic. Evidence of anisotropy comes from shear wave splitting data obtained from a vertical seismic profile VSP. The data set consists of 48 vertically aligned receivers in a borehole drilled through the salt body. Splitting analysis is performed on shear wave phases that are converted from compressional waves at the top and bottom of the salt body. The phase converted at the top of the salt layer shows a clear signature of seismic anisotropy, while the phase at the base of the salt layer shows negligible splitting. We investigate the possibility of rock salt halite LPO as a cause of the observed anisotropy. A finite element geomechanical salt deformation model of the Mahogany salt body is developed, where deformation history is used as an input to the texture plasticity simulation program VPSC. Assuming a halite salt body, a full elasticity model is then calculated and used to create a synthetic VSP splitting data set. The comparison between the synthetic and real VSP data set shows that LPO of rock salt can explain the observed anisotropy remarkably well. This is the strongest evidence to date of seismic anisotropy in a deforming salt structure. Furthermore, for the first time, we are able to demonstrate clear evidence that deforming halite is the most likely cause of this anisotropy, combining data set analysis and synthetic full wave form modelling based on calculated rock salt elasticities. Neglecting anisotropy in seismic processing in salt settings could lead to potential imaging errors, for example the deformation models show an averaged delta parameter of δ = –0.06, which would lead in a zero offset reflection setting to a depth mismatch of 6.2 per cent. Our work also show how observations of salt anisotropy can be used to probe characteristics of salt deformation.
Effect of centimetric freezing of the near subsurface on Rayleigh and Love wave velocity in ambient seismic noise correlations
Authors: Steinmann René , Hadziioannou Céline , Larose Eric 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARY
About a decade ago, noise-based monitoring became a key tool in seismology. One of the tools is passive image interferometry (PII), which uses noise correlation functions (NCF) to retrieve seismic velocity variations. Most studies apply PII to vertical components recording oceanic low-frequent ambient noise ( &lt; 1 Hz). In this work, PII is applied to high-frequent urban ambient noise ( &gt; 1 Hz) on three three-component sensors. With environmental sensors inside the subsurface and in the air, we are able to connect observed velocity variations with environmental parameters. Temperatures below 0 °C correlate well with strong shear wave velocity increases. The temperature sensors inside the ground suggest that a frozen layer of less than 5 cm thickness causes apparent velocity increases above 2  % , depending on the channel pair. The observations indicate that the different velocity variation retrieved from the different channel pairs are due to different surface wave responses inherent in the channel pairs. With dispersion curve modelling in a 1-D medium we can verify that surfaces waves of several tens of metres wavelength experience a velocity increase of several percent due to a centimetres thick frozen layer. Moreover, the model verifies that Love waves show larger velocity increases than Rayleigh waves. The findings of this study provide new insights for monitoring with PII. A few days with temperature below 0 °C can already mask other potential targets (e.g. faults or storage sites). Here, we suggest to use vertical components, which is less sensitive to the frozen layer at the surface. If the target is the seasonal freezing, like in permafrost studies, we suggest to use three-component sensors in order to retrieve the Love wave response. This opens the possibility to study other small-scale processes at the shallow subsurface with surface wave responses.
Importance of earthquake rupture geometry on tsunami modelling: the Calabrian Arc subduction interface (Italy) case study
Authors: Tonini Roberto , Basili Roberto , Maesano Francesco Emanuele , Tiberti Mara Monica , Lorito Stefano , Romano Fabrizio , Scala Antonio , Volpe Manuela 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARY
The behaviour of tsunami waves at any location depends on the local morphology of the coasts, the encountered bathymetric features, and the characteristics of the source. However, the importance of accurately modelling the geometric properties of the causative fault for simulations of seismically induced tsunamis is rarely addressed. In this work, we analyse the effects of using two different geometric models of the subduction interface of the Calabrian Arc (southern Italy, Ionian Sea) onto the simulated tsunamis: a detailed 3-D subduction interface obtained from the interpretation of a dense network of seismic reflection profiles, and a planar interface that roughly approximates the 3-D one. These models can be thought of as representing two end-members of the level of knowledge of fault geometry. We define three hypothetical earthquake ruptures of different magnitudes (Mw 7.5, 8.0, 8.5) on each geometry. The resulting tsunami impact is evaluated at the 50-m isobath in front of coastlines of the central and eastern Mediterranean. Our results show that the source geometry imprint is evident on the tsunami waveforms, as recorded at various distances and positions relative to the source. The absolute differences in maximum and minimum wave amplitudes locally exceed one metre, and the relative differences remain systematically above 20 per cent with peaks over 40 per cent. We also observe that tsunami energy directivity and focusing due to bathymetric waveguides take different paths depending on which fault is used. Although the differences increase with increasing earthquake magnitude, there is no simple rule to anticipate the different effects produced by these end-member models of the earthquake source. Our findings suggest that oversimplified source models may hinder our fundamental understanding of the tsunami impact and great care should be adopted when making simplistic assumptions regarding the appropriateness of the planar fault approximation in tsunami studies. We also remark that the geological and geophysical 3-D fault characterization remains a crucial and unavoidable step in tsunami hazard analyses.
Optimizing treatment cascades for mental healthcare in Mozambique: preliminary effectiveness of the Systems Analysis and Improvement Approach for Mental Health (SAIA-MH)
Authors: Fabian Katrin E , Muanido Alberto , Cumbe Vasco F J , Manaca Nelia , Hicks Leecreesha , Weiner Bryan J , Sherr Kenneth , Wagenaar Bradley H 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Substantial investments are being made to scale-up access to mental healthcare in low- and middle-income countries, but less attention has been paid to quality and performance of nascent public-sector mental healthcare systems. This study tested the initial effectiveness of an implementation strategy to optimize routine outpatient mental healthcare cascade performance in Mozambique [the Systems Analysis and Improvement Approach for Mental Health (SAIA-MH)]. This study employed a pre–post design from September 2018 to August 2019 across four Ministry of Health clinics among 810 patients and 3234 outpatient mental health visits. Effectiveness outcomes evaluated progression through the care cascade, including: (1) initial diagnosis and medication selection; (2) enrolling in follow-up care; (3) returning after initial consultation within 60 days; (4) returning for follow-up visits on time; (5) returning for follow-up visits adherent to medication and (6) achieving function improvement. Clustered generalized linear models evaluated odds of completing cascade steps pre- vs post-intervention. Facilities prioritized improvements focused on the follow-up cascade, with 62.5% (10 of 16) monthly system modifications targeting medication adherence. At baseline, only 4.2% of patient visits achieved function improvement; during the 6 months of SAIA-MH implementation, this improved to 13.1% of patient visits. Multilevel logistic regression found increased odds of returning on time and adherent [aOR = 1.53, 95% CI (1.21, 1.94), P = 0.0004] and returning on time, adherent and with function improvement [aOR = 3.68, 95% CI (2.57, 5.44), P &lt; 0.0001] after SAIA-MH implementation. No significant differences were observed regarding other cascade steps. The SAIA-MH implementation strategy shows promise for rapidly and significantly improving mental healthcare cascade outcomes, including the ultimate goal of patient function improvement. Given poor baseline mental healthcare cascade performance, there is an urgent need for evidence-based implementation strategies to optimize the performance of mental healthcare cascades in low- and middle-income countries.
Circulation in Insect Wings
Authors: Salcedo Mary K , Socha John J 
Published: August 2020

Synopsis
Insect wings are living, flexible structures composed of tubular veins and thin wing membrane. Wing veins can contain hemolymph (insect blood), tracheae, and nerves. Continuous flow of hemolymph within insect wings ensures that sensory hairs, structural elements such as resilin, and other living tissue within the wings remain functional. While it is well known that hemolymph circulates through insect wings, the extent of wing circulation (e.g., whether flow is present in every vein, and whether it is confined to the veins alone) is not well understood, especially for wings with complex wing venation. Over the last 100 years, scientists have developed experimental methods including microscopy, fluorescence, and thermography to observe flow in the wings. Recognizing and evaluating the importance of hemolymph movement in insect wings is critical in evaluating how the wings function both as flight appendages, as active sensors, and as thermoregulatory organs. In this review, we discuss the history of circulation in wings, past and present experimental techniques for measuring hemolymph, and broad implications for the field of hemodynamics in insect wings.
Robotic-assisted thoracoscopic resection and reconstruction of the carina
Authors: Hu Dingzhong , Wang Zhexin , Tantai Jicheng , Yao Feng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A 71-year-old man had experienced an irritating cough for 3 months. A diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma in the carina was made from the bronchoscopic examination. The patient underwent a robotic-assisted resection and reconstruction of the carina. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful. This is the first description of the feasibility of robotic-assisted carina resection and reconstruction.
Safety and Immunogenicity of the Ad26.RSV.preF Investigational Vaccine Coadministered With an Influenza Vaccine in Older Adults
Authors: Sadoff Jerald , De Paepe Els , Haazen Wouter , Omoruyi Edmund , Bastian Arangassery R , Comeaux Christy , Heijnen Esther , Strout Cynthia , Schuitemaker Hanneke , Callendret Benoit 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza cause significant disease burden in older adults. Overlapping RSV and influenza seasonality presents the opportunity to coadminister vaccines for both infections. This study assessed coadministration of the investigational vaccine, Ad26.RSV.preF, an adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) vector encoding RSV F protein stabilized in its prefusion conformation (pre-F), with a seasonal influenza vaccine in older adults.

Methods
In this phase 2a, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 180 adults aged ≥60 years received Ad26.RSV.preF plus Fluarix on day 1 and placebo on day 29, or placebo plus Fluarix on day 1 and Ad26.RSV.preF on day 29 (control).

Results
The coadministration regimen had an acceptable tolerability profile. Reactogenicity was generally higher after Ad26.RSV.preF versus Fluarix, but symptoms were generally transient and mild or moderate. At 28 days after the first vaccination, the upper confidence intervals of the hemagglutination inhibition antibody geometric mean ratio (control/coadministration) for all influenza strains were &lt;2, demonstrating noninferiority. Robust neutralizing and binding antibody responses to RSV A2 were observed in both groups.

Conclusions
Coadministration of Fluarix with Ad26.RSV.preF vaccine had an acceptable safety profile and showed no evidence of interference in immune response. The results are compatible with simultaneous seasonal vaccination with both vaccines.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03339713.
Effect of Water, Sanitation, Handwashing, and Nutrition Interventions on Enteropathogens in Children 14 Months Old: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Grembi Jessica A , Lin Audrie , Karim Md Abdul , Islam Md Ohedul , Miah Rana , Arnold Benjamin F , McQuade Elizabeth T Rogawski , Ali Shahjahan , Rahman Md Ziaur , Hussain Zahir , Shoab Abul K , Famida Syeda L , Hossen Md Saheen , Mutsuddi Palash , Rahman Mahbubur , Unicomb Leanne , Haque Rashidul , Taniuchi Mami , Liu Jie , Platts-Mills James A , Holmes Susan P , Stewart Christine P , Benjamin-Chung Jade , Colford John M , Houpt Eric R , Luby Stephen P 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the impact of low-cost water, sanitation, and handwashing (WSH) and child nutrition interventions on enteropathogen carriage in the WASH Benefits cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh.MethodsWe analyzed 1411 routine fecal samples from children 14 ± 2 months old in the WSH (n = 369), nutrition counseling plus lipid-based nutrient supplement (n = 353), nutrition plus WSH (n = 360), and control (n = 329) arms for 34 enteropathogens using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Outcomes included the number of co-occurring pathogens; cumulative quantity of 4 stunting-associated pathogens; and prevalence and quantity of individual pathogens. Masked analysis was by intention-to-treat.ResultsThree hundred twenty-six (99.1%) control children had 1 or more enteropathogens detected (mean, 3.8 ± 1.8). Children receiving WSH interventions had lower prevalence and quantity of individual viruses than controls (prevalence difference for norovirus: –11% [95% confidence interval {CI}, –5% to –17%]; sapovirus: –9% [95% CI, –3% to –15%]; and adenovirus 40/41: –9% [95% CI, –2% to –15%]). There was no difference in bacteria, parasites, or cumulative quantity of stunting-associated pathogens between controls and any intervention arm.ConclusionsWSH interventions were associated with fewer enteric viruses in children aged 14 months. Different strategies are needed to reduce enteric bacteria and parasites at this critical young age.
Human factors engineering for medical devices: European regulation and current issues
Authors: Pelayo Sylvia , Marcilly Romaric , Bellandi Tommaso 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A large proportion of the patient injuries or deaths attributable to medical device (MD) misuse can be eliminated and/or mitigated by adopting an effective human factors and ergonomics (HFE) approach. The implementation of a usability engineering process is now mandatory for MD manufacturers seeking to obtain the European Union’s CE Mark. Here, we describe the European Union’s HFE regulation and highlight the challenges faced by (i) manufacturers implementing this regulation and (ii) regulatory bodies charged with assessing the compliance of usability files. In Europe, 95% of MD manufacturers are small- and medium-sized enterprises; compliance with the CE Mark regulations is a real challenge to their competitiveness. Levels of knowledge about HFE vary greatly from one regulatory organization to another, which can sometimes lead to very different expectations. We also present the specific use-related risk management approach required by the HFE regulation. Lastly, we focus on the limitations of the HFE regulation for MDs and on future HFE challenges in further reducing and/or eliminating MD use errors. The main challenge is the need to go beyond technology design and the premarket assessment and to look at the postproduction stage; the coupling between an MD and a sociotechnical system can lead to consequences that were not predicted during the design process. This implies the need to consider the emerging properties of technologies in use by involving all the stakeholders.
Risk-adjustment models for clean and colorectal surgery surgical site infection for the Spanish health system
Authors: Angel García Daniel , Martínez Nicolás Ismael , García Marín José Andrés , Soria Aledo Victoriano 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
To develop risk-adjusted models for two quality indicators addressing surgical site infection (SSI) in clean and colorectal surgery, to be used for benchmarking and quality improvement in the Spanish National Health System.

Study design
A literature review was undertaken to identify candidate adjustment variables. The candidate variables were revised by clinical experts to confirm their clinical relevance to SSI; experts also offered additional candidate variables that were not identified in the literature review. Two risk-adjustment models were developed using multiple logistic regression thus allowing calculation of the adjusted indicator rates.

Data source
The two SSI indicators, with their corresponding risk-adjustment models, were calculated from administrative databases obtained from nine public hospitals. A dataset was obtained from a 10-year period (2006–2015), and it included data from 21 571 clean surgery patients and 6325 colorectal surgery patients.

Analysis methods
Risk-adjustment regression models were constructed using Spanish National Health System data. Models were analysed so as to prevent overfitting, then tested for calibration and discrimination and finally bootstrapped.

Results
Ten adjustment variables were identified for clean surgery SSI, and 23 for colorectal surgery SSI. The final adjustment models showed fair calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow: clean surgery χ2 = 6.56, P = 0.58; colorectal surgery χ2 = 6.69, P = 0.57) and discrimination (area under receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve: clean surgery 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67–0.77; colorectal surgery 0.62, 95% CI 0.60–0.65).

Conclusions
The proposed risk-adjustment models can be used to explain patient-based differences among healthcare providers. They can be used to adjust the two proposed SSI indicators.
Effect of a novel animal milk oligosaccharide biosimilar on the gut microbial communities and metabolites of in vitro incubations using feline and canine fecal inocula
Authors: Oba Patrícia M , Vidal Sara , Wyss Romain , Miao Yong , Adesokan Yemi , Swanson Kelly S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Milk oligosaccharides (MO) confer multiple potential physiological benefits, such as the selective growth promotion of beneficial microbiota, inhibition of enteric pathogen growth and adhesion to enterocytes, maturation of the gut mucosal barrier, and modulation of the gastrointestinal immune system. This study was conducted to determine the fermentation potential of GNU100, an animal MO biosimilar, in an in vitro system using healthy canine and feline fecal inocula. Single feline and single canine fecal samples were used to inoculate a batch fermentation system. Tubes containing a blank control (BNC), GNU100 at 0.5% (5 g/L; GNU1), or GNU100 at 1.0% (10 g/L; GNU2) were incubated for 48 h. Gas pressure, pH, lactate, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA; acetate, propionate, and butyrate), and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA; isobutyrate, isovalerate, and valerate) were measured after 6, 24, and 48 h. Ammonium and microbiota (total bacteria by flow cytometry and Pet-16Seq; Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium by quantitative polymerase chain reaction ) were measured after 24 and 48 h. Data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS. Substrates were considered to be a fixed effect and replicates considered to be a random effect. Tukey’s multiple comparison analysis was used to compare least squares means, with differences considered significant with P &lt; 0.05. In feline and canine incubations, SCFA increases were greater (P &lt; 0.0001) in GNU100 compared with BNC, with acetate making up the largest SCFA proportion (P &lt; 0.0001). GNU100 cultures led to greater increases (P &lt; 0.0001) in lactate and ammonium than BNC in the feline incubations. GNU100 cultures led to greater increases (P &lt; 0.0001) in ammonium than BNC in canine incubations and greater increases (P &lt; 0.0001) in BCFA than BNC in feline incubations. Pet-16Seq microbial profiles from the feline and canine fecal incubations exhibited a modulation after GNU100 fermentation, with a reduction of the genera Escherichia/Shigella and Salmonella. In feline incubations, Bifidobacterium populations had greater increases (P &lt; 0.0001) in GNU100 than BNC. In feline incubations, Lactobacillus populations had greater increases (P = 0.01) in GNU100 than BNC, with GNU1 leading to greater increases (P = 0.02) in Lactobacillus than BNC tubes in canine incubations. Overall, this study demonstrated that GNU100 was fermented in an in vitro fermentation system inoculated with canine and feline microbiota, resulting in the growth of beneficial bacteria and the production of SCFA, BCFA, and ammonium.