bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diurnal summer climate of the Abyssinia highlands
Authors: Jury Mark R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study explores the structure and modulation of diurnal climate over the Abyssinia highlands 7°–15°N, 35°–40°E using hourly satellite and reanalysis data in June–August season for the years 2014–2016. Solar heating generates surface heat fluxes that trigger moisture convergence in the late afternoon. Satellite measured rainfall frequently propagates westward from the highest mountains near 14°N, 38°E at ~7 m s−1 from 1200 to 1800 UTC (3 to 9 p.m. local time). The mean diurnal cycle of reanalysis and satellite (GPM) hourly rainfall are in‐phase and exhibit min/max at 0900/1600 UTC. Diagnostic analysis reveals a 3‐hr delay from surface evaporation to mid‐tropospheric moisture uplift, and another 3‐hr delay to low‐level velocity potential maxima, which together modulate the diurnal rainfall. Morning cooling and convective inhibition over the highlands is just as strong as evening enhancement. Year‐to‐year variations in the amplitude of diurnal rainfall are small and suggest dependable water resources.
In vitro bioaccessibility and activity of Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum (link) Ietswaart) compounds as affected by nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Sęczyk Łukasz , Król Beata , Kołodziej Barbara 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDGreek oregano is a culinary and medicinal herb native to the Mediterranean region; however nowadays it is cultivated in many regions all over the world. It is commonly used as a spice for flavoring food products and in various traditional medicine applications. This study investigated the effect of nitrogen fertilization at 0–150 kg N ha−1 on the potential bioaccessibility and activity of Greek oregano compounds. For this purpose the total phenolic content, rosmarinic acid content, and antioxidant activities of the raw material, as well as digested fractions, were determined.RESULTSNitrogen fertilization had a negative influence on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of raw material; however, its effect on the potential bioaccessibility varied depending on the dose. The highest potential bioaccessibility and activity was determined for plants fertilized with 30 kg N ha−1. For the gastric and intestinal phases of digestion, the potential bioaccessibility percentages were 39.5% and 29.6% for total phenolics, 53.1% and 11.2% for rosmarinic acid content, 45.2% and 44.4% for antiradical activity against 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS), 39.2% and 27.2% for antiradical activity against 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 50.2% and 23.4% for reducing power, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe results showed that nitrogen fertilization is an important factor determining the in vitro bioaccessibility of Greek oregano compounds. Furthermore, the nutraceutical potential of herbs, in term of the bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds, may be optimized during plant cultivation by applying an accurate nitrogen level. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Betaine addition as a potent ruminal fermentation modulator under hyperthermal and hyperosmotic conditions in vitro
Authors: Mahmood Mubarik , Petri Renée Maxine , Gavrău Ana , Zebeli Qendrim , Khiaosa‐ard Ratchaneewan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDClimatic and dietary shifts predispose ruminal microbes to hyperthermal and hyperosmotic stress, leading to poor fermentation and subsequently adverse effects on ruminant productivity. Betaine may function as substrate, osmolyte, antioxidant, and methyl donor for microbes. However, its effect depends on the extent of microbial catabolism. This study revealed the ruminal disappearance kinetics of betaine and its dose effect on ruminal fermentation during thermal and osmotic stress using a rumen simulation technique.RESULTSThree different betaine doses were used: 0, 50, and 286 mg L−1; each was assigned to two incubation temperatures (39.5 and 42 °C) and two osmotic conditions (295 and 420 mOsmol kg−1). Betaine disappeared rapidly within the first 6 h of incubation; however, the rate was lower during hyperosmotic stress (P < 0.05), the stress condition that also suppressed the overall fermentation and degradation of organic nutrients and decreased the bacterial diversity (P < 0.001). During hyperosmotic stress, betaine shifted the fermentation pathway to more propionate (P < 0.05). Betaine counteracted the negative effect of hyperthermal stress on total short‐chain fatty acid concentration (P < 0.05) without affecting the composition. Both stress conditions shifted the bacterial composition, but the effect of betaine was minimal.CONCLUSIONDespite its rapid ruminal disappearance, betaine modulated microbial fermentation in different ways depending on stress conditions, indicating the plasticity of the betaine effect in response to various kinds of physicochemical stress. Although betaine did not affect the abundance of ruminal microbiota, the enhanced fermentation suggests an improved microbial metabolic activity under stress conditions. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Social media for improved process management in organizations during disasters
Authors: Ray Arghya , Bala Pradip Kumar 
Published: January 2020

Natural and man‐made disasters potentially cause significant damage and disruption to communities. As population density increases and natural disasters become more extreme, it becomes increasingly important to both manage communications and extract information from communications to be able to mitigate the negative effects of such disasters. The emergence of social media platforms has led to new avenues for the collection and dissemination of information that is either local or global. Although social studies have revealed that social media feeds can improve effective disaster preparedness and recovery, it has been observed that the use of social media can have severe negative consequences through the rapid spread of false information leading to the inappropriate allocation of resources and in extreme cases panic and lawlessness. Rumours and false information are likely to affect appropriate corporate responses as well as, where appropriate, responses of public organizations tasked with appropriately responding to natural and man‐made disasters. The ability to identify instances of false information through the course of natural and man‐made disasters is a critical capability for corporate and public bodies in order to improve disaster management and response.To reduce the impact of these rumours, a technique is proposed that makes use of supervised learning to differentiate between information about an actual event from information about a false one and communicating it effectively to appropriate organizations. For this purpose, 934 social media feeds were analysed using a Naïve Bayes classifier. Clearly, applied early on this technique potentially can improve the quality of disaster response and recovery and mitigate the negative consequences.Broadly speaking, we consider this research to relate to the management of knowledge and information flow in disaster situations. Clearly, the techniques introduced in this paper, in providing individuals and organizations with access to knowledge rather than false information and rumours, will help organizations manage resources and activities during disasters more efficiently and effectively. The study concludes with the implications, limitations, and future directions.
A new grading system for evaluating China's cultivated land quality
Authors: Liu Liming , Zhou De , Chang Xiao , Lin Zhulu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCultivated land is crucial to food security, social and economic stability, environmental quality, and sustainable urban–rural development in China and around the world. However, most of the current grading systems for evaluating cultivated land quality in China tend to generate homogeneous results and inadequate spatial descriptions mainly due to the use of a composite index method that often fails to recognize the matching relationship between land use needs and the quality of cultivated land. The purpose of this study is to propose a new grading system for evaluating China's cultivated land quality that involves two index systems and a scoring and grading scheme. In the proposed system, cultivated land quality is redefined in terms of production capacity quality and environmental quality, and the minimum limiting factor method and the weighted linear model are coupled for factor scoring and grading. The new system is demonstrated by a case‐study in Yimen Town, a loess plateau region in western China's Shaanxi Province. The results of this study clearly indicate that the new grading system is superior to the current system when compared using two methods: the spatial pattern comparison method and the crop performance validation method. The results are also favorable in terms of matching relationships between the subclasses of cultivated land quality versus soil types and landforms. The new grading system not only helps to better understand the cultivated land quality but also provides a clear direction for science‐based remediation and amelioration of cultivated land.
Quantifying regional effects of plastic mulch on soil nitrogen pools, cycles, and fluxes in rain‐fed agroecosystems of the Loess Plateau
Authors: Mo Fei , Han Juan , Wen Xiao‐Xia , Wang Xiu‐Kang , Li Pu‐Fang , Vinay Nangia , Jia Zhi‐Kuan , Xiong You‐Cai , Liao Yun‐Cheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFarmland surface soil mulching with plastic film is extensively used to enhance agricultural productivity in the Loess Plateau (LP). However, the effect of mulching on the key processes that dominate soil nitrogen dynamics is rarely assessed quantitatively. We quantified the responses of agroecosystem nitrogen cycling to plastic mulching using a comprehensive database drawn from mulching experiments in the LP. Our results indicated that through increasing the soil mineral and dissolved organic nitrogen concentrations, plastic mulching significantly enhanced the soil nitrogen availability by 36.6% at the regional scale, compared with traditional nonmulching. Mulching pattern, nitrogen application, and soil type were found to be the most significant drivers in determining nitrogen availability. Furthermore, nitrogen gaseous releases and hydrological leaching were significantly reduced by 7.0% and 9.4%, respectively, under plastic mulching, which led to an insignificant change in the soil total nitrogen pool. Nitrogen input level and soil organic carbon appeared to be the most important factors influencing soil nitrogen losses. Critically, along with increased root residue inputs to soil and improved water thermal conditions under mulching, soil microbial activity was increased significantly. This was indicated by enhanced microbial biomass nitrogen and soil nitrogen‐related extracellular enzyme activity and was driven by nitrogen input, mulching duration, and soil carbon status. We generalize that in the rain‐fed agroecosystems of the LP, plastic mulch will have little impact on nitrogen pool size, largely due to reduced gaseous and hydrological nitrogen losses and increased crop‐sourced nitrogen inputs, but will strongly stimulate microbial growth, metabolism, and activities, which consequently will speed up biogeochemical cycles of soil nutrients.
An Insight into Structural and Mechanical Properties of Ideal‐Networked Poly(Ethylene Glycol)–Peptide Hydrogels from Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Rukmani Shalini J. , Anstine Dylan M. , Munasinghe Aravinda , Colina Coray M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSimulations of local structure and interactions in stimuli‐responsive hydrogel networks at atomistic resolution has the capability to compliment experimental efforts by providing insight into current soft materials design challenges. This work simulates ideal hexafunctional networks of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐diacrylate (PEGDA) and PEG–peptide hydrogels with two enzyme‐responsive peptide sequences, Gly‐Leu‐Lys (GLK) and Gly‐Pro‐Gln‐Gly‐Ile‐Phe‐Gly‐Gln‐Lys (GPQGIFGQK), using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at water contents from 84% to 90%. This presents the first atomistic MD study of a PEG–peptide hydrogel. The mesh sizes obtained are compared to common swelling theories and the available micropore space for diffusion is compared to the sizes of a family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to predict size‐based exclusion. The effects of interactions between PEG, peptide, and water on the chemical environment surrounding the cleaving site of peptides are investigated by examining partial radial distribution functions and solvent accessible surface areas. The chemical environment around the peptide sequence is found to be more hydrophobic in PEG‐9‐peptide hydrogels, thereby favoring cleavage by the hydrophobic binding pocket of MMPs. Furthermore, the mechanical moduli of the hydrogels is also examined, and an increase with the incorporation of peptide sequences and a general decrease with increasing water concentration is observed.
Missing data imputation of high‐resolution temporal climate time series data
Authors: Afrifa‐Yamoah E , Mueller U. A. , Taylor S. M. , Fisher A. J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAnalysis of high‐resolution data offers greater opportunity to understand the nature of data variability, behaviours, trends and to detect small changes. Climate studies often require complete time series data which, in the presence of missing data, means imputation must be undertaken. Research on the imputation of high‐resolution temporal climate time series data is still at an early phase. In this study, multiple approaches to the imputation of missing values were evaluated, including a structural time series model with Kalman smoothing, an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model with Kalman smoothing and multiple linear regression. The methods were applied to complete subsets of data from 12 month time series of hourly temperature, humidity and wind speed data from four locations along the coast of Western Australia. Assuming that observations were missing at random, artificial gaps of missing observations were studied using a five‐fold cross‐validation methodology with the proportion of missing data set to 10%. The techniques were compared using the pooled mean absolute error, root mean square error and symmetric mean absolute percentage error. The multiple linear regression model was generally the best model based on the pooled performance indicators, followed by the ARIMA with Kalman smoothing. However, the low error values obtained from each of the approaches suggested that the models competed closely and imputed highly plausible values. To some extent, the performance of the models varied among locations. It can be concluded that the modelling approaches studied have demonstrated suitability in imputing missing data in hourly temperature, humidity and wind speed data and are therefore recommended for application in other fields where high‐resolution data with missing values are common.
Specificity, Dose Dependency, and Kinetics of Markers of Chicken and Beef Intake Using Targeted Quantitative LC‐MS/MS: A Human Intervention Trial
Authors: Giesbertz Pieter , Brandl Beate , Lee Yu‐Mi , Hauner Hans , Daniel Hannelore , Skurk Thomas 
Published: January 2020

ScopeCommon methods for food intake assessment are error‐prone. Estimating food intake via metabolite biomarkers in blood/urine is challenged by inter‐individual variation. Here, meat intake markers based on criteria defined within the FoodBAll consortium, including dose dependency, specificity, kinetics, and their ability to predict meat dose, are evaluated.Methods and resultsIn two randomized human interventions, meat at different doses are consumed. Plasma concentrations of 100 analytes, including previously proposed meat intake markers, are determined at different time points up to 24 h after meat ingestion using targeted liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma concentrations of π‐methylhistidine (π‐M‐His) correlated best with the chicken meat amount consumed even after 24 h (R2 = 0.96). Both, anserine and π‐M‐His show first‐order elimination kinetics, irrespective of meat dose (t1/2 is 1.4 and 5.9 h, respectively). Surprisingly, π‐M‐His best predicted the amount of beef consumed, albeit at lower concentrations. Furthermore, trimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO) increases only after beef, while dimethylglycine only after chicken consumption. The lack of baseline concentrations for π‐M‐His and anserine is likely the strength of these compounds to predict meat dose.ConclusionQuantitative assessment of meat intake within 24 h is most accurate with π‐M‐His, whereas TMAO and dimethylglycine best discriminate between chicken and beef.
High resolution silicon array detector implementation in an inline MRI‐linac
Authors: Alnaghy Sarah J. , Causer Trent , Roberts Natalia , Oborn Brad , Jelen Urszula , Dong Bin , Gargett Maegan , Begg Jarrad , Liney Gary , Petasecca Marco , Rosenfeld Anatoly B. , Holloway Lois , Metcalfe Peter 
Published: January 2020

PurposeDynamic dosimaging is a concept whereby a detector in motion is tracked with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to validate the amount and position of dose in a radiation therapy treatment on an MRI‐linac. This work takes steps toward the realization of dynamic dosimaging with the novel high resolution silicon array detector: MagicPlate‐512 (M512). The performance of the M512 was assessed in a 1.0 T inline MRI‐linac, without simultaneous imaging and then during an imaging sequence, both during dosimetry. MR images were acquired to determine the effect of the detector and its components on image quality.MethodsBeam profiles were measured using the M512 on the Australian MRI‐Linac and a comparison made with Gafchromic EBT3 film to investigate any intrinsic magnetic field effects in the silicon. The M512 has 512 sensitive volumes, each 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.037 mm3 in dimension, organized in a two‐dimensional array. Small field sizes up to 4.2 × 3.8 cm2 were investigated in both solid water and then solid lung phantoms. Beam profiles taken at 1.0 T were compared to 0 T conditions, and also to profiles taken during a gradient echo (GRE) imaging sequence. Differences in 80%‐20% penumbral width and full width at half maximum (FWHM) were investigated. Localizer MR images were acquired of the detector adjacent to a water phantom.ResultsGood agreement was observed between the M512 and film, with average differences in penumbral width and FWHM of <1 mm in the absence of the imaging sequence. Concurrent imaging widened the penumbra by up to 1.2 mm due to RF noise affecting the detector; film profiles were unchanged. Magnetic resonance images were affected by noise, in particular, due to the large amount of aluminum present, as well as from the USB cable, which acted as an antenna. Unfortunately, due to these issues, suitable dynamic dose imaging was not achieved with the current M512/phantom configuration and the MRI‐linac. However, progress was made toward achieving this goal for future work.ConclusionsThe M512 silicon array detector successfully measured high‐resolution beam profiles in agreement with Gafchromic film to within an average of <1 mm on the first MRI‐linac in Australia. More effective noise reduction will be required for the achievement of dynamic dosimaging in the future.
Normative noninvasive bladder function measurements in healthy women: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wyman Jean F. , Zhou Jincheng , LaCoursiere D. Yvette , Markland Alayne D. , Mueller Elizabeth R. , Simon Laura , Stapleton Ann , Stoll Carolyn R. T. , Chu Haitao , Sutcliffe Siobhan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo conduct an evidence synthesis of normative reference values for bladder function parameters in women.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies reporting bladder function parameters obtained from noninvasive tests in healthy women. Seven databases were searched for relevant studies from inception through December 2018, with manual searching of reference lists. We included English language articles that provided quantitative data on urination frequency, voided and postvoid residual volumes, and uroflowmetry results in women without lower urinary tract symptoms. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were undertaken by at least two independent reviewers. Random‐effects meta‐analytic models were used to derive study‐level pooled mean estimates and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsA total of 24 studies (N = 3090 women, age range, 18‐91 years) met eligibility criteria. Pooled mean estimates of bladder function parameters were: 6.6 daytime voids (95% confidence interval (95% CI), 6.2, 7.0), 0.4 nighttime voids (95% CI, 0.0, 0.8), 1577 mL for 24‐hour voided volume (95% CI 1428,1725); 12 mL for postvoid residual volume (95% CI, 4, 20); and 28 mL/sec for maximum flow rate (95% CI, 27,30). Between‐study heterogeneity was high for all outcomes (I2 = 61.1‐99.6%), but insufficient data were available to explore reasons for this high heterogeneity (eg, differences by age).ConclusionAlthough summary mean estimates of bladder function parameters were calculated, the wide heterogeneity across studies precludes generalization of these estimates to all healthy women. Further research is needed to determine normative reference values within specific groups, such as those defined by age.
A rare case of congenital humeroradioulnar synostosis from medieval Pawłów Trzebnicki, Poland
Authors: Swenson Victoria , Spinek Anna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCongenital synostoses are defined as rare abnormal formations of primary anatomical structures. There are three major classifications: (a) skeletal anomalies, (b) soft tissue anomalies, and (c) anomalies involving both skeletal and soft tissues. Radioulnar synostosis is the most common form of upper limb abnormality. Synostoses between the humerus and either the ulna, radius, or both have been documented but are far less common. Of these cases, the most common type is humeroradial synostosis followed by humeroradioulnar and humeroulnar synostosis. This study presents a case of a late medieval (15th–16th c. A.D) adult male skeleton housed at the Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences with bilateral upper limb synostosis. Macroscopic and radiographic analyses suggest a diagnosis of congenital humeroradioulnar and humeroulnar synostosis. The right radius and ulna are hypoplastic. The left radial neck was reduced. The left radial head and the radial notch of the left ulna were absent. The radiographs demonstrate that the skeletal structures of the elbow are absent, suggesting fusion of the radius and ulna. A review of the clinical and bioarchaeological literature was conducted to assess differential diagnoses for the conjoined humerus, radius, and ulna. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of congenital humeroradioulnar synostosis in the paleopathological literature.