bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Custom-made health-care: an experimental investigation
Authors: Keser Claudia , Montmarquette Claude , Schmidt Martin , Schnitzler Cornelius 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Physicians’ financial interests might conflict with the best service to patients. It is essential to gain a thorough understanding of the effect of remuneration systems on physician behaviour.

Methods
We conducted a controlled laboratory experiment using a within-subject design to investigate physician behaviour underpayment heterogeneity. Each physician provided medical care to patients whose treatments were paid for under fee-for-service (FFS) or capitation (CAP).

Results
We observed that physicians customized their care in response to the payment system. FFS patients received considerably more medical care than did CAP patients with the same illness and treatment preference. Physicians over-served FFS patients and under-served CAP patients. After a CAP payment reduction, we observed neither a quantity reduction under CAP nor a spillover in FFS patients’ treatment.

Conclusions
The results suggest that, in our experimental model, fee regulation can be used to some extent to control physician spending since we did not identify a behavioural response to the CAP payment cut. Physicians did not recoup lost income by altering treatment behaviour toward CAP and/or FFS patients. Experimental economics is an excellent tool for ensuring the welfare of all those involved in the health system. Further research should investigate payment incentives as a means of developing health care teams that are more efficient.
Experimental Study on the Cyclic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls Exposed to Fire
Authors: Ryu Eunmi , Kim Heesun , Shin Yeongsoo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the thermal and cyclic behaviors of fire-damaged walls designed with different failure modes, aspect ratios and heated areas. These cyclic behaviors include temperature distribution, maximum lateral load, stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipations, etc. Toward this goal, the concrete wall specimens were exposed to heat following an ISO 834 standard time–temperature curve and the cyclic loading was applied to the fire-damaged walls. The test results showed that exposure to fire significantly reduced the cyclic performance of the RC walls. Especially, it was observed that heated area, designed failure mode, and aspect ratio have influences on maximum lateral loads, stiffness, and ductility of the fire-damaged walls, while almost no effects of the heated area, designed failure mode, and aspect ratio on temperature distribution and energy dissipation were found.
Roundup causes embryonic development failure and alters metabolic pathways and gut microbiota functionality in non-target species
Authors: Suppa Antonio , Kvist Jouni , Li Xiaojing , Dhandapani Vignesh , Almulla Hanan , Tian Antoine Y. , Kissane Stephen , Zhou Jiarui , Perotti Alessio , Mangelson Hayley , Langford Kyle , Rossi Valeria , Brown James B. , Orsini Luisa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Research around the weedkiller Roundup is among the most contentious of the twenty-first century. Scientists have provided inconclusive evidence that the weedkiller causes cancer and other life-threatening diseases, while industry-paid research reports that the weedkiller has no adverse effect on humans or animals. Much of the controversial evidence on Roundup is rooted in the approach used to determine safe use of chemicals, defined by outdated toxicity tests. We apply a system biology approach to the biomedical and ecological model species Daphnia to quantify the impact of glyphosate and of its commercial formula, Roundup, on fitness, genome-wide transcription and gut microbiota, taking full advantage of clonal reproduction in Daphnia. We then apply machine learning-based statistical analysis to identify and prioritize correlations between genome-wide transcriptional and microbiota changes.

Results
We demonstrate that chronic exposure to ecologically relevant concentrations of glyphosate and Roundup at the approved regulatory threshold for drinking water in the US induce embryonic developmental failure, induce significant DNA damage (genotoxicity), and interfere with signaling. Furthermore, chronic exposure to the weedkiller alters the gut microbiota functionality and composition interfering with carbon and fat metabolism, as well as homeostasis. Using the “Reactome,” we identify conserved pathways across the Tree of Life, which are potential targets for Roundup in other species, including liver metabolism, inflammation pathways, and collagen degradation, responsible for the repair of wounds and tissue remodeling.

Conclusions
Our results show that chronic exposure to concentrations of Roundup and glyphosate at the approved regulatory threshold for drinking water causes embryonic development failure and alteration of key metabolic functions via direct effect on the host molecular processes and indirect effect on the gut microbiota. The ecological model species Daphnia occupies a central position in the food web of aquatic ecosystems, being the preferred food of small vertebrates and invertebrates as well as a grazer of algae and bacteria. The impact of the weedkiller on this keystone species has cascading effects on aquatic food webs, affecting their ability to deliver critical ecosystem services.
Ischaemic stroke-induced distal organ damage: pathophysiology and new therapeutic strategies
Authors: Robba Chiara , Battaglini Denise , Samary Cynthia S. , Silva Pedro L. , Ball Lorenzo , Rocco Patricia R. M. , Pelosi Paolo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAcute ischaemic stroke is associated with a high risk of non-neurological complications, which include respiratory failure, cardiovascular dysfunction, kidney and liver injury, and altered immune and endocrine function. The aim of this manuscript is to provide an overview of the main forms of stroke-induced distal organ damage, providing new pathophysiological insights and recommendations for clinical management.Non-neurological complications of stroke can affect outcomes, with potential for serious short-term and long-term consequences. Many of these complications can be prevented; when prevention is not feasible, early detection and proper management can still be effective in mitigating their adverse impact. The general care of stroke survivors entails not only treatment in the acute setting but also prevention of secondary complications that might hinder functional recovery. Acute ischaemic stroke triggers a cascade of events—including local and systemic activation of the immune system—which results in a number of systemic consequences and, ultimately, may cause organ failure. Understanding the pathophysiology and clinical relevance of non-neurological complications is a crucial component in the proper treatment of patients with acute stroke.Little evidence-based data is available to guide management of these complications. There is a clear need for improved surveillance and specific interventions for the prevention, early diagnosis, and proper management of non-neurological complications during the acute phase of ischaemic stroke, which should reduce morbidity and mortality.
Extracellular vesicles as regulators of kidney function and disease
Authors: Behrens Felix , Holle Johannes , Kuebler Wolfgang M. , Simmons Szandor 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, lipid bilayer-delimited particles of cellular origin that recently gained increasing attention for their potential use as diagnostic biomarkers, and beyond that for their role in intercellular communication and as regulators of homeostatic and disease processes. In acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), the potential use of EVs as diagnostic and prognostic markers has been evaluated in a series of clinical studies and contributions to pathophysiologic pathways have been investigated in experimental models. While EV concentrations in biofluids could not distinguish renal patients from healthy subjects or determine disease progression, specific EV subpopulations have been identified that may provide useful diagnostic and prognostic tools in AKI. Specific EV subpopulations are also associated with clinical complications in sepsis-induced AKI and in CKD. Beyond their role as biomarkers, pathophysiologic involvement of EVs has been shown in hemolytic uremic syndrome- and sepsis-induced AKI as well as in cardiovascular complications of CKD. On the other hand, some endogenously formed or therapeutically applied EVs demonstrate protective effects pointing toward their usefulness as emerging treatment strategy in kidney disease.
Liver–lung interactions in acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Herrero Raquel , Sánchez Gema , Asensio Iris , López Eva , Ferruelo Antonio , Vaquero Javier , Moreno Laura , de Lorenzo Alba , Bañares Rafael , Lorente José A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPatients with liver diseases are at high risk for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The liver is an important organ that regulates a complex network of mediators and modulates organ interactions during inflammatory disorders. Liver function is increasingly recognized as a critical determinant of the pathogenesis and resolution of ARDS, significantly influencing the prognosis of these patients. The liver plays a central role in the synthesis of proteins, metabolism of toxins and drugs, and in the modulation of immunity and host defense. However, the tools for assessing liver function are limited in the clinical setting, and patients with liver diseases are frequently excluded from clinical studies of ARDS. Therefore, the mechanisms by which the liver participates in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury are not totally understood. Several functions of the liver, including endotoxin and bacterial clearance, release and clearance of pro-inflammatory cytokines and eicosanoids, and synthesis of acute-phase proteins can modulate lung injury in the setting of sepsis and other severe inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarized clinical and experimental support for the notion that the liver critically regulates systemic and pulmonary responses following inflammatory insults. Although promoting inflammation can be detrimental in the context of acute lung injury, the liver response to an inflammatory insult is also pro-defense and pro-survival. A better understanding of the liver–lung axis will provide valuable insights into new diagnostic targets and therapeutic strategies for clinical intervention in patients with or at risk for ARDS.
Quantum mechanics of a particle on a torus knot: Curvature and torsion effects
Authors: Biswas D. , Ghosh S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we study the subtle effect of constraints on the quantum dynamics of a point particle moving on a non-trivial torus knot. The particle is kept on the knot by the constraints, generated by curvature and torsion. In the Geometry-Induced Potential (GIP) approach, the Schrödinger equation for the system yields new results in particle energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, in contrast with existing results that ignored curvature and torsion effects. Our results depend on Γ, parameter that characterizes the global features of both the embedding torus and, more interestingly, the knottedness of the path.
Case Report: Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza H1N1 in a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Baala Lekbir , Benzekri-Lefevre Dalila , Bret Laurent , Guillaume Clémence , Courtellemont Laura , El Khalil Abdelkrim , Guery Thomas , Iquel Sophie , Perche Olivier , Khadre Khalid , Brungs Thomas , Decker Julien , Francia Thomas , Bois Julie , Delamare Benoit , Guinard Jérôme , Got Laurence , Briault Sylvain , Boulain Thierry , Legac Eric 
Published: December 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and has been a global public health concern. Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory syndrome has been rarely reported. We report coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and 2009 H1N1 Influenza strain in a French patient with pneumonia leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome. The patient also had a medical history of pulmonary sarcoidosis with a restrictive ventilatory syndrome, which would be a supplementary risk to develop a poor outcomes. This case highlights the possible coinfection of two severe SARS-CoV-2 and influenza H1N1 viruses, which presents a higher risk to extend the care duration. The overlapping clinical features of the two respiratory syndromes is a challenge, and awareness is required to recommend an early differential diagnosis.
Factors affecting elective cesarean section in women with multiple pregnancy in Caruban, Indonesia
Authors: Mahindra Muhammad Pradhiki , Sampurna Mahendra Tri Arif , Mapindra Muhammad Pradhika , Putri Apriska Mega Sutowo , Krisbiyantoro Aries , Aryananda Rozi Aditya 
Published: December 2020

Background: Caesarean sections have become the most popular method for delivering twin babies because of the safety concerns associated with a natural birth. This study aims to identify the maternal characteristics and obstetric parameters that serve as risk factors influencing caesarean delivery in twin pregnancies by comparing women delivering via caesarean section and vaginal birth. Methods: A retrospective chart review design was used to analyse 47 women with multiple pregnancies from the medical records at a primary referral hospital in East Java, Indonesia. Women delivering vaginally were then compared with women who underwent a caesarean section to identify any differences between the groups. Results: More women delivered by caesarean section than by vaginal birth. In this study, women were more likely to undergo a caesarean section if they had a previous history of undergoing a caesarean section or if there were no foetal malpresentations during their pregnancy. There was a significant difference in maternal age between groups. We found that foetal malpresentation did not significantly increase the likelihood of caesarean delivery in women with multiple pregnancies. Conclusions: The percentage of multiple pregnancies delivered via caesarean section is quite high. Similar to previous studies, we identified a few factors including foetal malpresentation and labour augmentation that did not significantly increase the risk of caesarean delivery. However, we suggest that there is more than one reason responsible for the increase in caesarean sections in multiple pregnancies.
Evaluating the effectiveness of concurrent opioid agonist treatment and physician-based mental health services for patients with mental disorders in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Morin Kristen A. , Eibl Joseph K. , Caswell Joseph M. , Rush Brian , Mushquash Christopher , Lightfoot Nancy E. , Marsh David C. 
Published: December 2020

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between concurrent physician-based mental health services, all-cause mortality, and acute health service use for individuals enrolled in Opioid Agonist Treatment in Ontario, Canada.

Methods
A cohort study of patients enrolled in opioid agonist treatment in Ontario was conducted between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2015, in Ontario with an inverse probability of treatment weights using the propensity score to estimate the effect of physician-based mental health services. Treatment groups were created based on opioid agonist treatment patients’ utilization of physician-based mental health services. Propensity score weighted odds ratios were calculated to assess the relationship between the treatment groups and the outcomes of interest. The outcomes included all-cause mortality using data from the Registered Persons Database, Emergency Department visits from the National Ambulatory Care Database, and hospitalizations using data from the Discharge Abstract Database. Encrypted patient identifiers were used to link across databases.

Results
A total of 48,679 individuals in OAT with mental disorders. Opioid agonist treatment alone was associated with reduced odds of all-cause mortality (odds ratio (OR) 0.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3–0.4). Patients who received mental health services from a psychiatrist and primary care physician while engaged in OAT, the estimated rate of ED visits per year was higher (OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.4) and the rate of hospitalizations (OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.4–0.6) than in the control group.

Conclusion
Our findings support the view that opioid agonist treatment and concurrent mental health services can improve clinical outcomes for complex patients, and is associated with enhanced use of acute care services.
Were the Ethiopians in Jerusalem Ottoman Citizens? Ethiopian Essentialism versus Ottomanism (1850–1916)
Authors: Ancel Stéphane 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Between 1850 and 1903 Europeans and Ottomans were in conflict regarding the status of Ethiopians living in Jerusalem. According to the Ottomans, Ethiopians in Jerusalem were Ottoman subjects. European powers like Great Britain, France, and Italy contested this opinion. According to them, Ethiopians in Jerusalem were not subjects of the Ottoman Empire but of the Ethiopian kingdom and as such they held an Ethiopian identity, not an Ottoman one. We will see that the first issue at stake here was the European protection of Ethiopians in Jerusalem. But we will show that the discourse proposed by Ethiopians to their interlocutors in Jerusalem concerning what is supposed to be the Ethiopian identity played an important role. In order to reach their goals in Jerusalem, Ethiopians played the game of Europeans while avoiding directly confronting Ottoman authorities. But in supporting the point of view of the Europeans, Ethiopians developed Ethiopian essentialism, solely centered on the Christian characteristics of Ethiopian identity. Between 1904 and 1916, this essentialism came into conflict with the new social reality of the Ethiopian kingdom.
Echocardiographic assessment of the tricuspid and pulmonary valves: a practical guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography
Authors: Zaidi Abbas , Oxborough David , Augustine Daniel X. , Bedair Radwa , Harkness Allan , Rana Bushra , Robinson Shaun , Badano Luigi P. ,   Education Committee of the British Society of Echocardiography
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Transthoracic echocardiography is the first-line imaging modality in the assessment of right-sided valve disease. The principle objectives of the echocardiographic study are to determine the aetiology, mechanism and severity of valvular dysfunction, as well as consequences on right heart remodelling and estimations of pulmonary artery pressure. Echocardiographic data must be integrated with symptoms, to inform optimal timing and technique of interventions. The most common tricuspid valve abnormality is regurgitation secondary to annular dilatation in the context of atrial fibrillation or left-sided heart disease. Significant pulmonary valve disease is most commonly seen in congenital heart abnormalities. The aetiology and mechanism of tricuspid and pulmonary valve disease can usually be identified by 2D assessment of leaflet morphology and motion. Colour flow and spectral Doppler are required for assessment of severity, which must integrate data from multiple imaging planes and modalities. Transoesophageal echo is used when transthoracic data is incomplete, although the anterior position of the right heart means that transthoracic imaging is often superior. Three-dimensional echocardiography is a pivotal tool for accurate quantification of right ventricular volumes and regurgitant lesion severity, anatomical characterisation of valve morphology and remodelling pattern, and procedural guidance for catheter-based interventions. Exercise echocardiography may be used to elucidate symptom status and demonstrate functional reserve. Cardiac magnetic resonance and CT should be considered for complimentary data including right ventricular volume quantification, and precise cardiac and extracardiac anatomy. This British Society of Echocardiography guideline aims to give practical advice on the standardised acquisition and interpretation of echocardiographic data relating to the pulmonary and tricuspid valves.
On the central limit theorem in R^k. I
Authors: Bikelis A. 
Published: December 2020

The abstracts (in two languages) can be found in the pdf file of the article.
Original author name(s) and title in Russian and Lithuanian:
А. Бикялис. О центральной предельной теореме в R^k. I
A. Bikelis. Apie centrinę ribinę teoremą erdvėje R^k. I
Über die Verteilung der Werte von multiplikativen Funktionen
Authors: Kubilius J. , Juškys Z. 
Published: December 2020

The abstracts (in two languages) can be found in the pdf file of the article.
Original author name(s) and title in Russian and Lithuanian:
И. Кубилюс, З. Юшкис. О распределении значений мультипликативных функций
J. Kubilius, Z. Juškys. Multiplikatyvinių funkcijų reikšmių pasiskirstymas
An estimate of the rate of convergence in the central limit theorem by means of pseudomoments
Authors: Paulauskas V. 
Published: December 2020

The abstracts (in two languages) can be found in the pdf file of the article.
Original author name(s) and title in Russian and Lithuanian:
В. Паулаускас. Одна оценка скорости сходимости с использованием псевдомоментов
V. Paulauskas. Konvergavimo greičio įvertinimas, panaudojant pseudomomentus
Über zweifache inhomogene Systeme von Differenzengleichungen
Authors: Truschina L. 
Published: December 2020

The abstracts (in two languages) can be found in the pdf file of the article.
Original author name(s) and title in Russian and Lithuanian:
Л. Трушина. О двойной неоднородной системе разностных уравнений
L. Trušina. Dvilypės nehomogeninės skirtuminių lygčių sistemos klausimu
Über die heckesche Zetafunktion des reel-quadratischen Zahlkörpers. I
Authors: Matuliauskas A. 
Published: December 2020

The abstracts (in two languages) can be found in the pdf file of the article.
Original author name(s) and title in Russian and Lithuanian:
А. Матуляускас. О ζ-функции Гекке вещественного квадратичного поля. I
A. Matuliauskas. Apie realaus kvadratinio skaičių kūno Hekės ζ-funkciją. I
A theorem on the rate of convergence to the stable law
Authors: Mitalauskas A. 
Published: December 2020

The abstracts (in two languages) can be found in the pdf file of the article.
Original author name(s) and title in Russian and Lithuanian:
А. Миталаускас. Одна теорема о скорости сходимости к устойчивому закону
A. Mitalauskas. Viena teorema apie konvergavimo į stabilų dėsnį greitį
On some problems of the optimal stopping of stable stochastic processes
Authors: Mackevičius V. 
Published: December 2020

The abstracts (in two languages) can be found in the pdf file of the article.
Original author name(s) and title in Russian and Lithuanian:
В. Мацкявичюс. О некоторых задачах оптимальной остановки устойчивых случайных процессов
V. Mackevičius. Apie kai kuriuos stabilių atsitiktinių procesų optimalaus sustabdymo uždavinius
Stability of Characterizing Properties of Exponential Distribution
Authors: Azlarov T. 
Published: December 2020

The abstracts (in two languages) can be found in the pdf file of the article.
Original author name(s) and title in Russian and Lithuanian:
Т. Азларов. Устойчивость характеризационных свойств показательного распределения
T. Azlarovas. Eksponentinį pasiskirstymą charakterizuojančių savybių stabilumas
On the limit theorems of large deviation for sums of random discrete variables
Authors: Vaitkus P. 
Published: December 2020

The abstracts (in two languages) can be found in the pdf file of the article.
Original author name(s) and title in Russian and Lithuanian:
П. Вайткус. О локальных предельных теоремах для больших уклонений сумм независимых случайных дискретных величин
P. Vaitkus. Apie nepriklausomų atsitiktinių diskretinių dydžių sumų didžiųjų nukrypimų ribines lokalines teoremas