bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type IIP Supernova Progenitors. III. Blue to Red Supergiant Ratio in Low-metallicity Models with Convective Overshoot
Authors: Wagle Gururaj A. , Ray Alak , Raghu Adarsh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The distribution of stars in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram (HRD) for a stellar conglomeration represents a snapshot of its evolving stellar population. Some of the supergiant stars may transit the HRD from blue to red and then again to blue during their late evolutionary stages, as exemplified by the progenitor of SN 1987 A. Others may transit a given part of the HRD more than twice in a “blue loop” and end up as red supergiants before they explode. Since stars in blue loops spend a considerable part of their lives there, these stages may change the relative number of modeled supergiants in the HRD. Their lifetimes, in turn, depend upon the initial mass of the star, how convection in its interior is modeled, and how much mass loss takes place during its evolution. The observed ratio of the number of blue to red supergiants and yellow to red supergiants sensitively tests the stellar evolution theory. We compare modeled number ratios of these supergiants with observed data from the Large Magellanic Cloud, as it has a metallicity very similar to that of the environment of SN 2013ej. We successfully model these by taking into account moderate (exponential) convective overshooting. We explore its effect on the final radius and mass of the star prior to core collapse. The radius differs dramatically with overshoot. These factors controlling presupernova structure may affect the postexplosion optical/IR light curves and spectral development.
Using Random Forest Algorithm to Model Cold-Stunning Events in Sea Turtles in North Carolina
Authors: Niemuth Jennifer N. , Ransom Casey C. , Finn Sarah A. , Godfrey Matthew H. , Nelson Stacy A.C. , Stoskopf Michael K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSea turtle strandings due to cold-stunning are seen when turtles are exposed to ocean temperatures that acutely and persistently drop below approximately 12°C. In North Carolina, this syndrome affects imperiled loggerhead Caretta caretta, green Chelonia mydas, and Kemp's ridley Lepidochelys kempii sea turtle species. Based on oceanic and meteorological patterns of cold-stunning in sea turtles, we hypothesized that we could predict the daily size of cold-stunning events in North Carolina using random forest models. We used cold-stunning data from the North Carolina Sea Turtle Stranding and Salvage Network from 2010 to 2015 and oceanic and meteorological data from the National Data Buoy Center from 2009 to 2015 to create a random forest model that explained 99% of the variance. We explored additional models using the 10 and 20 most important variables or only oceanic and meteorological variables. These models explained similar percentages of variance. The variables most frequently found to be important were related to air temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind direction, and wind speed. Surprisingly, variables associated with water temperature, which is critical from a biological perspective, were not among the most important variables identified. We also included variables for the mean change in these metrics daily from 4 d before the day of stranding. These variables were among the most important in several of our models, especially the change in mean air temperature from 4 d before stranding to the day of stranding. The importance of specific variables from our random forest models can be used to guide the selection of future model predictors to estimate daily size of cold-stunning events. We plan to apply the results of this study to a predictive model that can serve as a warning system and to a downscaled climate projection to determine the potential impact of climate change on cold-stunning event size in the future.
Free abelian group actions on normal projective varieties: submaximal dynamical rank case
Authors: Hu Fei , Li Sichen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLet X be a normal projective variety of dimension n and G an abelian group of automorphisms such that all elements of
$G\setminus \{\operatorname {id}\}$
are of positive entropy. Dinh and Sibony showed that G is actually free abelian of rank

$\le n - 1$
. The maximal rank case has been well understood by De-Qi Zhang. We aim to characterize the pair

$(X, G)$
such that

$\operatorname {rank} G = n - 2$
.
Percepções locais do patrimônio: A Escola SENAC de Marília
Authors: Nascimento Rodrigo Modesto 
Published: May 2020

A proposta deste artigo é analisar e compreender a apropriação, pela sociedade local, de um tombamento realizado pelo Condephaat (Conselho de Defesa do Patrimônio Histórico, Arqueológico, Artístico e Turístico), em 2005, da Escola SENAC, na cidade de Marília, situada no Oeste Paulista.
Ocean carbonate system variability in the North Atlantic Subpolar surface water (1993–2017)
Authors: Leseurre Coraline , Lo Monaco Claire , Reverdin Gilles , Metzl Nicolas , Fin Jonathan , Olafsdottir Solveig , Racapé Virginie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The North Atlantic is one of the major ocean sinks for
natural and anthropogenic atmospheric CO2. Given the variability of the
circulation, convective processes or warming–cooling recognized in the high
latitudes in this region, a better understanding of the CO2 sink
temporal variability and associated acidification needs a close inspection
of seasonal, interannual to multidecadal observations. In this study, we
investigate the evolution of CO2 uptake and ocean acidification in the
North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre (50–64∘ N) using
repeated observations collected over the last 3 decades in the framework
of the long-term monitoring program SURATLANT (SURveillance de
l'ATLANTique). Over the full period (1993–2017) pH decreases (−0.0017 yr−1) and fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) increases (+1.70 µatm yr−1). The trend of fCO2 in surface water is slightly less
than the atmospheric rate (+1.96 µatm yr−1). This is mainly
due to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) increase associated with the
anthropogenic signal. However, over shorter periods (4–10 years) and
depending on the season, we detect significant variability investigated in
more detail in this study. Data obtained between 1993 and 1997 suggest a
rapid increase in fCO2 in summer (up to +14 µatm yr−1)
that was driven by a significant warming and an increase in DIC for a short
period. Similar fCO2 trends are observed between 2001 and 2007 during
both summer and winter, but, without significant warming detected, these
trends are mainly explained by an increase in DIC and a decrease in
alkalinity. This also leads to a pH decrease but with contrasting trends
depending on the region and season (between −0.006 and −0.013 yr−1). Conversely, data obtained during the last decade
(2008–2017) in summer show a cooling of surface waters and an increase in
alkalinity, leading to a strong decrease in surface fCO2 (between −4.4
and −2.3 µatm yr−1; i.e., the ocean CO2 sink increases).
Surprisingly, during summer, pH increases up to +0.0052 yr−1 in the
southern subpolar gyre. Overall, our results show that, in addition to the
accumulation of anthropogenic CO2, the temporal changes in the uptake
of CO2 and ocean acidification in the North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre
present significant multiannual variability, not clearly directly associated
with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). With such variability it is
uncertain to predict the near-future evolution of air–sea CO2 fluxes
and pH in this region. Thus, it is highly recommended to maintain long-term
observations to monitor these properties in the next decade.
إشكالية تحويل الجنس في القانون القطري والقانون المقارن
Authors: صالح المانع ريمه , علي محجوب جابر محجوب , السيد راشد طارق جمعه 
Published: May 2020

ملخص:

هذا البحث يلقي الضوء على إشكالية بدأت منذ زمن بعيد إلا أنها أصبحت في وقتنا الحالي تنتشر، فالله سبحانه وتعالى خلق الإنسان وجعل منه «الذكر والأنثى». فكانت خطيئة الإنسان أن يحاول تغيير خلق الله سبحانه وتعالى، فمع تطور العلم أصبح المجتمع في تطور، ولكن التطور سلاح ذو حدين. اذ ان مع هذا التطور ولدت فئة شذت عن القاعدة تنقسم لطائفتين: فئة مصابة بمرض عضوي اسمه «الخنوثة». وفئة لا تعاني من أي علة خلقية، ولكن علتها الوحيدة هي ذهنها، تعتقد أنها تنتمي للجنس الآخر، فتقدم هذه الفئة الى إجراء عمليات لتحويل جنسها من ذكر إلى أنثى والعكس.
الموضوع له أهمية كبيرة من الناحية العملية والنظرية:

الأهمية العملية: تكمن في أن هذه الفئات تجري عمليات خارج الدولة لتحويل جنسها ثم تقوم بالرجوع وتطالب الدولة بتعديل بياناتها وإن رفضت لجأت للقضاء، بالتالي يجعل هذه الفئة في وضع قانوني غير واضح في الدولة. الأهمية النظرية: تكمن في أنه لا يوجد تشريع نظم هذه المسألة تنظيمًا متكاملًا سواء في قطر أو في الدول العربية، على عكس التوجه الغربي الذي تعرض للمسألة ونظمها، مما جعل المسألة مُتجاهَلة بالرغم من النتائج الخطيرة التي تترتب عليها.

تقسيم الموضوع: هذا البحث ألقى الضوء على مسألة تحويل الجنس من الناحية القانونية، وذلك بالوقوف على موقف الدول الغربية بشكل عام والعربية بشكل خاص من تحويل الجنس بشقيه، مع التركيز على التوجه العربي لاختلاف المرجع القانوني والثقافي بين المجتمعات الغربية والعربية، لذلك لم يتم إهمال موقف الدول الغربية ولكن التركيز الأكبر كان على القوانين أو التشريعات العربية التي شملت: دولة مصر، لبنان، العراق، الإمارات، الكويت، وبالتأكيد قطر.

النتائج: تحويل الجنس ينقسم إلى تصحيح الجنس وذلك عندما يكون الشخص مصاب بعيب خلقي يستدعي إجراء عملية للوقوف على حقيقته الجنسية. والشريعة الإسلامية تبيح هذا التحول فهو تصحيح وليس تغييرًا. بينما التغيير هو أن يقدم شخص كامل الذكورة أو الأنوثة إلى إجراء عملية تشويهية ليتشكل في شكل الجنس الاخر معتقدًا بأنه غير خلقته، وغالبًا ما يقدم على ذلك المصابين بمرض نفسي «اضطراب الهوية الجنسية»، والشريعة الإسلامية حرمت هذا النوع من العمليات؛ بالتالي يكون تغيير الجنس غير جائز شرعًا لما فيه من تشويه وتغيير لخلق الله تعالى، وهذا ما سارت عليه التطبيقات القضائية العربية. وأما بالنسبة لموقف المشرع القطري فقد امتنع عن تنظيم المسألة من الناحية القانونية بالتالي كان موقفه مشابهًا لموقف أغلب الدول العربية.

التوصيات: ضرورة تنظيم المسألة تشريعيًا. علاج المصابين باضطراب الهوية الجنسية في المصحات النفسية. توعية المجتمع بمفهوم الخنوثة العضوية ومرض اضطراب الهوية الجنسية.
لذلك كان لا بد من دراسة الموضوع على أمل أن يكون هذا البحث نواة لتشريع مستقبلي أو تنظيم خاص.
Diabetes Status Affects Odds of Body Mass Index–dependent Adverse Outcomes After Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Kebaish Kareem J. , Puvanesarajah Varun , Rao Sandesh , Zhang Bo , Ottesen Taylor D. , Grauer Jonathan N. , Khanuja Harpal 
Published: May 2020

Introduction:
Obesity and diabetes have independently been shown to predispose to adverse outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA). These may have a coupled effect on perioperative risks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on adverse outcomes in nondiabetic (ND), non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients.

Methods:
Patients undergoing primary THA were selected from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database from 2012 to 2016 and categorized as ND, NIDDM, and IDDM. BMI, demographics, and 30-day perioperative outcomes were assessed for each group. Multivariate logistic regressions controlling for demographics, functional status, and American Society of Anesthesiologists were used to determine the odds ratio of serious adverse event (SAE) in each diabetes group for patients with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 compared with a control group of ND patients with a normal BMI (18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2).

Results:
A total of 108,177 patients were included. The results demonstrate that ND (odds ratio 1.65; P < 0.001) and NIDDM (odds ratio 1.75; P = 0.007) patients have similar risks of SAE, whereas IDDM (odds ratio 2.79; P < 0.001) patients have a greater risk of adverse events, particularly at BMIs greater than 40 kg/m2.

Discussion:
Consistent with previous reports, ND (odds ratio 1.65; P < 0.001) and NIDDM (odds ratio 1.75; P = 0.007) morbidly obese patients (BMI > 40 kg/m2) had an increased odds of SAEs after THA, but for IDDM (odds ratio 2.79; P < 0.001) patients this increased odds was notably higher. Although patients with IDDM have increased rates of adverse events compared with ND and NIDDM patients, these findings should not be used to establish strict BMI cutoffs in patients with IDDM. Nonetheless, the results suggest additional factors, such as patient medical history and diabetes control, should be considered when evaluating patients with IDDM for THA.

Level of Significance:
Level III
Teaching strategies and techniques in mixed-ability classes
Authors: Wroblewski Bartlomiej , Majerová Marie 
Published: May 2020

V příspěvku autoři hodnotí svoji každodenní zkušenost s výukou heterogenních studijních skupin na vysoké škole. V první části autoři popisují typické složení studijní skupiny kurzů „Angličtiny pro zdravotníky“ a charakterizují studenty z hlediska vstupní jazykové competence a věkového složení. Pozornost je věnována problematice jazykových vloh a motivace. V druhé části jsou prezentovány praktické výukové komponenty používané s cílem maximalizovat aktivní zapojení a jazykový růst každého jednotlivého studenta. Praktická zkušenost je reflektována ve vztahu k aktuálním výukovým metodám. Diskutované strategie zahrnují adaptace a diferenciace výukových materiálů a úkolů, vybrané formy kooperativního učení, individualizace výuky a změny v prostorovém uspořádání tříd. Závěrem autoři doporučují kombinovat úspěšné výukové komponenty s ohledem na konkrétní heterogenní skupiny
Inovace předmětu Angličtina pro cestovní ruch na Fakultě ekonomické Západočeské univerzity v Plzni
Authors: Hromádková Petra , Ramadanová Jitka 
Published: May 2020

Příspěvek je věnován inovačnímu projektu VS-18-007 vnitřní soutěže ZČU, který byl realizován vyučujícími Ústavu jazykové přípravy v roce 2018. Autorky příspěvku si kladou za cíl seznámit nejen podobně specializované kolegy působící v oblasti jazykového vzdělávání, ale i širší odbornou veřejnost s obsahem a postupy tohoto projektu a především sdílet zkušenosti z následné aplikace výstupů projektu ve výuce. Cílem projektu byla inovace předmětu Angličtina pro cestovní ruch s využitím modernějších výukových materiálů a také i didakticky vhodnějších výukových a hodnotících metod, které by měly přispět k všestrannému jazykovému rozvoji studentů. Úvodní část příspěvku je věnována nové sadě učebních materiálů, obsahu a cílům inovovaného předmětu. Následně jsou zde uvedeny nově zvolené výukové a hodnotící metody i s jejich praktickými příklady. Závěrem je v příspěvku popsáno také dotazníkové šetření, které bylo provedeno u studentů inovovaného předmětu po prvním semestru výuky a které bylo zaměřeno na hodnocení aplikace nových učebních materiálů a výukových a hodnotících metod ve výuce.
A low caffeine dose improves maximal strength, but not relative muscular endurance in either heavier-or lighter-loads, or perceptions of effort or discomfort at task failure in females
Authors: Waller Georgina , Dolby Melissa , Steele James , Fisher James P. 
Published: May 2020

Background
The body of literature considering caffeine as an ergogenic aid has primarily considered typically aerobic based exercise, male participants and moderate-to large-caffeine doses. With this in mind the aim of this project was to explore the effects of a low-caffeine dose upon maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and muscular endurance (time to task failure, TTF) at heavier-and lighter-loads.

Methods
Nineteen physically active, habitual caffeine consuming females randomly performed four testing conditions; two with a low-dose of caffeine (100 mg equating to mean = 1.5 ± 0.18 mg·kg−1) and two placebo conditions, where they performed a maximal strength test (MVC) knee extension at 45° followed by a task of relative muscular endurance (sustained isometric contraction for TTF) using either heavier-(70% MVC) and lighter-(30% MVC) loads. Each participant performed each load condition following both caffeine and placebo consumption. Immediately following cessation of the muscular endurance test participants were asked to report their rating of perceived effort (RPE) and rating of perceived discomfort (RPD).

Results
Analyses revealed a significant effect for caffeine upon MVC compared to placebo (p = 0.007). We also found a significantly greater TTF for the lighter-compared to the heavier-load condition (p < 0.0001); however, there was no significant effect comparing caffeine to placebo (p = 0.2368), but insufficient precision of estimates to infer equivalence in either lighter-(p = 0.750) or heavier-load (p = 0.262) conditions. There were no statistically significant effects for caffeine compared with placebo, or lighter-compared with heavier-loads, for RPE and RPD (all p > 0.05). RPE was statistically equivalent between caffeine and placebo for both lighter-(p = 0.007) and heavier-load (p = 0.002) conditions and RPD for heavier-(p = 0.006) but not lighter-load (p = 0.136).

Discussion
This is the first study to demonstrate a positive effect on strength from a low caffeine dose in female participants. However, it is unclear whether caffeine positively impacts upon relative muscular endurance in either heavier-or lighter-loads. Further, both RPE and RPD appear to be relatively similar during isometric tasks performed to task failure independently of caffeine supplementation or load. These findings may have implications for persons wishing to avoid side-effects or withdrawal symptoms associated with larger caffeine doses whilst still attaining the positive strength responses.
Household income and retirement perspective among older workers in Germany—Findings from the lidA Cohort Study
Authors: Hasselhorn Hans Martin , Ebener Melanie , Vratzias Athanasios 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
In times of extending working lives, it is relevant to understand why, today, most workers leave employment long before regular retirement age. Financial factors have been central for explaining retirement timing, yet their impact seems rather complicated. This study explores the motivation to keep working, in relation to the economic household conditions among older workers and it investigates the impact of socio-demographic, individual and work factors on the motivation to keep working (MTW), again differentiated by economic household condition.

Methods
Based on data from wave three (2018) of the lidA Cohort Study, a representative interview study of socially insured employees born in 1959 or 1965 in Germany, descriptives and linear regression analyses were performed among 2835 employed participants. For all analyses, the sample was divided into five household equivalized net income groups.

Results
The groups with low and second lowest income were most motivated to work longer, followed by those with the highest income. The lowest income group exhibited most adverse scores for work indicators and health. Furthermore, in this group, MTW was unrelated to physical and mental health indicating that the comparably high motivation may be driven by financial imperatives.

Discussion and Conclusions
The findings indicate that many workers with low income may find themselves forced to extend their working life, irrespective of their health. This requires increased attention by research as well as policy. Policy might have to acknowledge group specific negative side effects of regulations effectively extending working lives.
Layered (C6H5CH2NH3)2CuBr4 Perovskite for Multilevel Storage Resistive Switching Memory
Authors: Kim So‐Yeon , Yang June‐Mo , Choi Eun‐Suk , Park Nam‐Gyu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough there have been attempts to use non‐lead based halide perovskite materials as insulating layers for resistive switching memory, the ratio of low resistance state (LRS) to high resistance state (HRS) ( = ON/OFF ratio) and/or endurance is reported to be mostly lower than 103. Resistive switching memory characteristics of layered (BzA)2CuBr4 (BzA = C6H5CH2NH3) perovskite with high ON/OFF ratio and long endurance are reported here. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the deposited (BzA)2CuBr4 layer shows highly oriented (00l) planes perpendicular to a Pt substrate. An Ag/PMMA/(BzA)2CuBr4/Pt device shows bipolar switching behavior. A forming step at around +0.5 V is observed before the repeated bipolar switching at the SET voltage of +0.2 V and RESET voltage of ‐0.3 V. The ON/OFF ratio as high as =108 is monitored along with an endurance of ≈2000 cycles and retention time over 1000 s. The high ON/OFF ratio enables multilevel storage characteristics as confirmed by changing the compliance currents. Ohmic conduction at the LRS and Schottky emission at HRS are involved in electrochemical metallization process. The bipolar resistive switching property is retained after storing the device at ambient condition under relative humidity of about 50% for 2 weeks, which indicates that (BzA)2CuBr4 is stable memory material.
Autonomic Self‐Healing of PEDOT:PSS Achieved Via Polyethylene Glycol Addition
Authors: Li Yang , Li Xinda , Zhang Shiming , Liu Leslie , Hamad Natalie , Bobbara Sanyasi Rao , Pasini Damiano , Cicoira Fabio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSelf‐healing electronic materials are of primary interest for bioelectronics and sustainable electronics. In this work, autonomic self‐healing of films obtained from mixtures of the conducting polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) is reported. The presence of PEG in PEDOT:PSS films decreases the elastic modulus and increases the elongation at break, thus leading to a softer material with enhanced self‐healing characteristics. In situ imaging of the cutting/healing process shows that the healing mechanism is likely due to flowing back of the material to the damaged area right after the cutting.
Modeling Controlled Cortical Impact Injury in 3D Brain‐Like Tissue Cultures
Authors: Liaudanskaya Volha , Chung Joon Yong , Mizzoni Craig , Rouleau Nicolas , Berk Alexander N. , Wu Limin , Turner Julia A. , Georgakoudi Irene , Whalen Michael J. , Nieland Thomas J. F. , Kaplan David L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors suffer long term from mental illness, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation. Studies of 3D tissue models have provided new insights into the pathobiology of many brain diseases. Here, a 3D in vitro contusion model is developed consisting of mouse cortical neurons grown on a silk scaffold embedded in collagen and used outcomes from an in vivo model for benchmarking. Molecular, cellular, and network events are characterized in response to controlled cortical impact (CCI). In this model, CCI induces degradation of neural network structure and function and release of glutamate, which are associated with the expression of programmed necrosis marker phosphorylated Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain Like Pseudokinase (pMLKL). Neurodegeneration is observed first in the directly impacted area and it subsequently spreads over time in 3D space. CCI reduces phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAKT) and Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) in neurons in vitro and in vivo, but discordant responses are observed in phosphprylated ribosomal S6 kinase (pS6) and phosphorylated Tau (pTau) expression. In summary, the 3D brain‐like culture system mimicked many aspects of in vivo responses to CCI, providing evidence that the model can be used to study the molecular, cellular, and functional sequelae of TBI, opening up new possibilities for discovery of therapeutics.