bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-operative Management of Benign Colorectal Anastomotic Stenosis in Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery for Non-Metastatic Primary Rectal Cancer
Authors: Mercan Ümit , Erşen Ogün , Ünal Ali Ekrem , Bayar Sancar , Demirci Salim 
Published: July 2020

Objective: In this study, we aimed to present our clinical experience in the treatment of benign anastomosis strictures in patients undergoing elective surgery for nonmetastatic primary rectal cancer.
Methods: One hundred fifty-six (156) patients who underwent resection and colorectal anastomosis between January 2013 and January 2018 were included in the study. 22 patients developed benign anastomotic stenosis has been determined and etiological factors and treatment modalities applied has been compared retrospectively.
Results: In 22 patients, 9 patients were treated with digital or balloon dilatation, at least 2 sessions and up to 5 sessions. Four patients were treated with dilatation followed by stenting. The remaining 9 patients were taken to surgical treatment. Among whole patients with stenosis, it has been determined that 15 of them had neoadjuvant therapy history, 5 had anastomosis leakage and in 16 of them 28 mm circular stapler have been used.
Conclusion: Neoadjuvant treatment history, the presence of anastomosis leakage and the usage of 28 mm circular stapler have been detected to be the most important etiological factors in development of benign anastomotic stenosis. Endoscopic treatments should be tried primarily to treat benign anastomotic stenosis. High success rates can be achieved with endoscopic methods and patient quality of life can be improved. With this approach, the need for surgery will be reduced and possible postoperative complications can be prevented.
Spectrum of Ground Glass Opacities in Chest CT of COVID-19 Patients in Karbala, Iraq
Authors: Alghazali Dhia Mahdey , Maamera Maytham A , Alkazraji Haider Fadel , Abutiheen Ali A 
Published: July 2020

Objective: To describe the ground-glass opacities (GGO) seen in chest CT scans of COVID-19 patients and to estimate the association between these opacities and the time of clinical presentation.
Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study involving 81 COVID-19 confirmed patients in Imam Al-Hussein Medical city in Karbala-Iraq during the period from March 1st to April 20, 2020. Chest CT scan findings were evaluated by 2 radiologists and categorized accordingly. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis and a P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The mean age Â± standard deviation of patients was 53.5 Â± 17.1 years, with male predominance as 63 (77.8%) of cases were males. Nearly half of the patients were presented within the second week of starting the sign and symptoms. GGO was present in 79 scans (97.5%), followed by consolidation opacity in 29 patients (35.8%). Four types of GGO were described. Bilateral multiple subpleural GGO was the most prevalent type. There was a significant association between late time of patient presentation and more extensive GGO type.
Conclusion: Chest CT scan is valuable in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 cases. The presence of GGO in CT scan of a patient that previously had no chest illness is highly suggestive of COVID-19 disease, different types of GGO were seen. Bilateral confluent type of GGO is associated with more serious and delayed status and warns the need for intensive care unit admission.
Borrowers' Financial Reporting and the Quality of Banks' Loan Portfolios
Authors: Gallimberti Carlo Maria 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
I examine the relation between borrowers' financial reporting (FR) and the quality of banks' loan portfolios. This relation is theoretically ambiguous as better FR not only improves banks' monitoring of loans, but also grants more creditworthy borrowers cheaper access to alternative public funding, increasing competition and creating adverse selection problems for banks. Using the adoption of Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 404 to identify improvements in borrowers' FR, I find an overall positive effect of FR on banks' lending: the quality of loans extended to borrowers subject to Section 404 improves relative to the quality of loans extended by the same bank to other borrowers exempted from Section 404. Additional tests examining borrowers' internal control over FR and loan contracts' characteristics confirm that improved monitoring and screening are both responsible for the higher loan portfolio quality. Overall, my study highlights unexplored consequences of companies' FR on the quality of banks' assets.
Data Availability: Untabulated results and analyses mentioned in the article are available as an Online Appendix, see the link in Appendix E.
JEL Classifications: D82; G14; G21; M41; M42.
Examining the Examiners: SEC Error Detection Rates and Human Capital Allocation
Authors: Kubic Matthew 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The ability to detect misreporting is an important aspect of financial reporting regulation. I derive a measure of SEC error detection rates using information from comment letter reviews. Conditional on the SEC issuing a comment letter, I find that the review team detects an error resulting in a restatement in 4.6 percent of cases, while firms eventually restate financial reports for 13.6 percent of periods under review. My measure of SEC error detection rates is the ratio of reviews that detect an error to total reviews that could have detected an error. I document a positive association between detection rates and review team size. Using a novel approach to identify examiner characteristics, I show that this association is driven by the number of accountants on the review team. I find an economically insignificant association between individual examiner performance and economic or career incentives.
JEL Classifications: G18; M41; M48.
Data Availability: The examiner characteristics data used in this study are available upon request. All other data are available from the sources cited in the text.
Terrorist Attacks, Managerial Sentiment, and Corporate Disclosures
Authors: Chen Wen , Wu Haibin , Zhang Liandong 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
This study investigates the effect of managerial sentiment on corporate disclosure decisions. Using terrorist attacks in the United States as adverse shocks to managerial sentiment, we find that firms located in the metropolitan areas attacked issue more negatively biased earnings forecasts. The effect is stronger for firms with higher operating uncertainty and firms with younger, inexperienced, or less confident executives, and it is weaker for firms located in states with increasing violent crime rates. A potential alternative explanation is that managers strategically bias earnings forecasts downward and attribute the poor performance to terrorist attacks. To address this issue, we conduct a battery of additional analyses and find results more consistent with managerial sentiment than strategic attribution. In addition, we show that our results are unlikely to be driven by any economic effects of terrorist attacks. Finally, firms in attacked areas exhibit a more pessimistic tone in 10-K/10-Q filings.
JEL Classifications: D83; G14; M41.
Fraud Brainstorming Group Composition in Auditing: The Persuasive Power of a Skeptical Minority
Authors: McAllister Michelle , Blay Allen D. , Kadous Kathryn 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We experimentally examine the effects of trait professional skepticism on fraud brainstorming performance. We find that groups with a minority, but not a majority, of high trait skeptics develop more fraud ideas than control groups with no high trait skeptics. Mediation analyses indicate that minority high trait skeptic groups also assess higher fraud risk, in part because they consider more fraud ideas. Low trait skeptics who brainstorm in groups with a minority of high trait skeptics tend to view the minority high trait skeptic as the best member of the group because of that member's unique insights. Their individual, post-brainstorming fraud risk assessments remain high, indicating conversion to the minority (skeptical) viewpoint. Our study contributes to the brainstorming literature by highlighting the importance of group composition. It suggests that firms can promote skeptical team judgments by leveraging individuals' high trait skepticism in thoughtfully composed interacting groups.
Health Care Utilization of Homeless Minors With Diabetes in New York State From 2009 to 2014
Authors: Sakai-Bizmark Rie , Mena Laurie A. , Estevez Dennys , Webber Eliza J. , Marr Emily H. , Bedel Lauren E.M. , Yee Jennifer K. 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE
This study aims to describe differences in health care utilization between homeless and nonhomeless minors with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s Statewide Inpatient Database from New York for years 2009–2014 were examined to identify pediatric patients &lt;18 years old with diabetes. Outcomes of interest included hospitalization rate, in-hospital mortality, admission through the emergency department (ED), diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hospitalization cost, and length of stay (LOS). Other variables of interest included age-group, race/ethnicity, insurance type, and year. Multivariate logistic regression models were used for in-hospital mortality, admission through ED, and DKA. Log-transformed linear regression models were used for hospitalization cost, and negative binomial regression models were used for LOS.

RESULTS
A total of 643 homeless and 10,559 nonhomeless patients were identified. The hospitalization rate was higher among homeless minors, with 3.64 per 1,000 homeless population compared with 0.38 per 1,000 in the nonhomeless population. A statistically significant higher readmission rate was detected among homeless minors (20.4% among homeless and 14.1% among nonhomeless, P &lt; 0.01). Lower rates of DKA (odds ratio 0.75, P = 0.02), lower hospitalization costs (means ratio 0.88, P &lt; 0.01), and longer LOS (incidence rate ratio 1.20, P &lt; 0.01) were detected among homeless minors compared with nonhomeless minors.

CONCLUSIONS
This study found that among minors with diabetes, those who are homeless experience a higher hospitalization rate than the nonhomeless. Housing instability, among other environmental factors, may be targeted for intervention to improve health outcomes.
Postpancreatitis Diabetes Confers Higher Risk for Pancreatic Cancer Than Type 2 Diabetes: Results From a Nationwide Cancer Registry
Authors: Cho Jaelim , Scragg Robert , Petrov Maxim S. 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE
Pancreatitis and diabetes are established risk factors for pancreatic cancer. However, to date, studies have investigated only the risk associated with either of them alone. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pancreatitis and diabetes combined, as well as their temporal relationship, on the risk of pancreatic cancer.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Nationwide cancer registry was linked to hospital discharge and mortality data from 1998 to 2015 in New Zealand. Incidence of primary pancreatic cancer in the four study groups (type 2 diabetes [T2D] alone, pancreatitis alone, T2D followed by pancreatitis, and postpancreatitis diabetes mellitus [PPDM]) was identified. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were conducted, with T2D as the reference group. A head-to-head comparison between the T2D followed by pancreatitis and PPDM groups was also performed.

RESULTS
Among 139,843 individuals (735,541 person-years), 913 (0.7%) were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. The proportion of pancreatic cancer was 3.1%, 2.3%, 2.0%, and 0.6% in individuals with PPDM, T2D followed by pancreatitis, pancreatitis alone, and T2D alone, respectively. PPDM (hazard ratio [HR] 6.94; 95% CI 4.09–11.77) and T2D followed by pancreatitis (HR 5.35; 95% CI 3.52–8.14) were associated with significantly higher risks of pancreatic cancer compared with T2D alone. In the head-to-head comparison, PPDM was associated with a higher risk of pancreatic cancer compared with T2D followed by pancreatitis (HR 2.35; 95% CI 1.12–4.93).

CONCLUSIONS
Pancreatitis significantly increases the risk of pancreatic cancer in individuals with diabetes. In particular, PPDM poses the highest risk for pancreatic cancer.
Severe Hypoglycemia and Risk of Falls in Type 2 Diabetes: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Lee Alexandra K. , Juraschek Stephen P. , Windham B. Gwen , Lee Clare J. , Sharrett A. Richey , Coresh Josef , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE
Hypoglycemia has been postulated to contribute to falls risk in older adults with type 2 diabetes. However, few studies have prospectively examined the association between severe hypoglycemia and falls, both important causes of morbidity and mortality.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a prospective cohort analysis of participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study with diagnosed diabetes at visit 4 (1996–1998). Episodes of severe hypoglycemia requiring medical treatment were identified using ICD-9 codes from hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and ambulance calls; total falls were identified from medical claims using E-codes from 1996 to 2013. Secondary analyses examined hospitalized falls and falls with fracture. We calculated incidence rates and used Cox regression models to evaluate the independent association of severe hypoglycemia with falls occurring after visit 4 through 2013.

RESULTS
Among 1,162 participants with diabetes, 149 ever had a severe hypoglycemic event before baseline or during the median of 13.1 years of follow-up. The crude incidence rate of falls among persons without severe hypoglycemia was 2.17 per 100 person-years (PY) (95% CI 1.93–2.44) compared with 8.81 per 100 PY (6.73–11.53) with severe hypoglycemia. After adjustment, severe hypoglycemia was associated with a more than twofold higher risk of falls (hazard ratio 2.23, 95% CI 1.61–3.07). Associations were consistent in subgroups defined by age, sex, race, BMI, duration of diabetes, or functional difficulty.

CONCLUSIONS
Severe hypoglycemia was associated with a substantially higher risk of falls in this community-based population of adults with diabetes. Fall risk should be considered when individualizing glycemic treatment in older adults. Assessing hypoglycemia history and future hypoglycemia risk could also improve multifactorial fall prevention interventions for older adults with diabetes.
Mannose-Binding Lectin and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes: A Danish Cohort Study
Authors: Gedebjerg Anne , Bjerre Mette , Kjaergaard Alisa Devedzic , Steffensen Rudi , Nielsen Jens Steen , Rungby Jørgen , Friborg Søren Gunnar , Brandslund Ivan , Thiel Steffen , Beck-Nielsen Henning , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Hansen Troels Krarup , Thomsen Reimar Wernich 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is linked to risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetes, but the nature of the association is unclear. We investigated the association between MBL and the risk of cardiovascular events (CVE) and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In a cohort study of 7,588 patients with type 2 diabetes, we measured serum MBL in 7,305 patients and performed MBL expression genotyping in 3,043 patients. We grouped serum MBL and MBL expression genotypes into three categories: low, intermediate, and high. Outcomes were CVE (myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, unstable angina, or cardiovascular death) and all-cause mortality. The association with outcomes was examined by spline and Cox regression analyses.

RESULTS
Serum MBL and CVE showed a U-shaped association. Compared with the intermediate serum MBL category, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for CVE was 1.82 (95% CI 1.34–2.46) for the low-MBL category and 1.48 (95% CI 1.14–1.92) for the high-MBL category. We found a similar U-shaped association for all-cause mortality, but with lower risk estimates. Compared with the intermediate MBL expression genotype, the adjusted HR for CVE was 1.40 (95% CI 0.87–2.25) for the low-expression genotype and 1.44 (95% CI 1.01–2.06) for the high-expression genotype. MBL expression genotype was not associated with all-cause mortality.

CONCLUSIONS
Both serum MBL and MBL expression genotype showed a U-shaped association with CVE risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Our findings suggest that serum MBL is a risk factor for CVD in this population.
Increased Risk of Myocardial Infarction Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Who Carry the Common rs10830963 Variant in the MTNR1B Gene
Authors: Tan Xiao , Benedict Christian 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE
The common MTNR1B single nucleotide polymorphism rs10830963 associates with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we examine the association between this gene variant and the risk of myocardial infarction (MCI) among patients with T2D. MCI is a main cause of death and disability among such individuals.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data from the UK Biobank cohort were used in order to examine the association between rs10830963 and incidence of MCI (fatal and nonfatal) among 13,655 participants with probable T2D during a follow-up period of 6.8 years.

RESULTS
Assuming an additive genetic model, a positive association was found between the rs10830963 variant in the MTNR1B gene and the risk for incident MCI during the 6.8-year follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio per G allele 1.19 [95% CI 1.02, 1.40], P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS
The rs10830963 polymorphism may be a useful genetic marker for MCI in patients with T2D.
Utanför den svarta lådan: Ett utvecklingsarbete om medie- och informationskunnighet i lärarutbildningen på Södertörns högskola
Authors: Forsler Ingrid , Forsman Michael , Magnusson Jenny 
Published: July 2020

Landets lärarutbildningar har problem med att förbereda framtidens lärare för den alltmer digitaliserade skolan. Digital kompetens är redan en integrerad del i skolornas verksamhet men lärarstudenter, skolor, lärarfack, politiker, teknikföretag och andra pekar på att landets lärarutbildningar släpar efter. Vår uppkopplade samtid behöver också satsningar på medie- och informationskunnighet (MIK). I den här artikeln beskriver och reflekterar tre lärarutbildare från Södertörns högskola över sitt arbete med MIK som inom ramen för en pågående satsning i lärarutbildningen används som samlingsterm för tre förmågor som både lärarstudenter och lärarutbildare bör nå: digital kompetens, mediekunnighet och informationskunnighet. Målsättningen med att implementera dessa tre förmågor och begrepp på lärarutbildningen har varit att kombinera konkret tillämpning och kritisk reflektion för att på så sätt skapa förutsättningar för att utbilda medie- och teknikmedvetna lärare för den digitaliserade skolan och det medialiserade samhället. I artikeln diskuteras organisatoriska och praktiska utmaningar med ett sådant utvecklingsarbete samt vikten av samverkan, erfarenhetsutbyte och kontinuitet. En slutsats är att det är viktigt att tänka på digitala medier inte bara i termer av verktyg utan också som miljöer inom vilka lärarutbildningen ska utbilda digitalt kompetenta lärare för framtiden och samtidigt behålla sin autonomi visavi starka externa ekonomiska, politiska och pedagogiska krafter.
IMPLEMENTASI GREEDY FORWARD SELECTION UNTUK PREDIKSI METODE PENYAKIT KUTIL MENGGUNAKAN DECISION TREE
Authors: Fitriyani Fitriyani , Arifin Toni 
Published: July 2020

Penyakit kutil dapat ditangani dengan berbagai metode seperti cryotherapy danÂ immunotherapy, akan tetapi dokter belum mengetahui metode pengobatan yang paling tepat untuk pasien, sehingga diperlukan pengujian agar dapat diketahui metode yang paling tepat untuk pasien. Penelitian ini menggunakan dataset cryotherapy dan immunotherapy dengan menggunakan algoritma klasifikasi Decision Tree. Pada dataset ini terdapat atribut atau fitur yang tidak relevan sehingga dilakukan seleksi fitur menggunakan Greedy Forward Selection. Hasil penelitian ini akan dilakukan perbandingan kinerja dari algoritma Decision Tree tanpa seleksi fitur Greedy Forward Selection dengan Decision Tree yang di integrasikan pada seleksi fitur Greedy Forward Selection dan pemilihan metode pengobatan penyakit kutil yang terbaik.
Mengembangkan Kreatifitas Anak Melalui Permainan Warna Dengan Media Benang
Authors: Anggia Alma Rara , Nopriansyah Untung 
Published: July 2020

Penulis Melakukan penelitian di RA Perwanida I Bandar Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian Deskriptif Kualitatif. Tehnik pengumpulan data yang penulis gunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan kreativitas anak melalui permainan warna dengan media benang pada usia 5-6 tahun di RA Perwanida I Bandar lampung. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat penulis simpulkan bahwa dalam mengembangkan kreativitas anak melalui permainan warna dengan media benang di RA Perwanida I Bandar Lampung bahwa tingkat perkembangan kreativitas anak yang termasuk pada kategori belum berkembang ada 4 orang anak dengan tingkat presentase 20%, kategori mulai berkembang ada 7 anak dengan tingkat presentase 35% sedangkan kategori berkembang sesuai harapan ada 7 anak dengan tingkat presentase 35% dan kemampuan anak dengan kategori berkembang sangat baik ada 2 anak dengan tingkat presentase 10%.
Kesadaran Phonologi Dengan Literasi Membaca Pada Anak Disleksia: Kajian Meta Analisis
Authors: Raharjo Trubus 
Published: July 2020

Meta analisis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kesadaran phonologi dengan literasi membaca pada anak disleksia. Disleksia merupakan salah satu bentuk gangguan neuropsikologi pada individu yang berkaitan denga literasi membaca. Literasi membaca merupakan kemampuan kognitif untuk memasukkan informasi, menyimpan dan memproses phonologi. Seorang dengan kemampuan membaca yang buruk dapat dipengaruhi oleh kesadaran phonologi. Literasi membaca dapat dipengaruhi oleh kesadaran phonologi. Sebanyak 2080 sampel dan 27 data hubungan kesadaran phonologi dengan literasi membaca dikumpulkan dari 20 naskah yang dipublikasikan rentang tahun 2001 - 2015. Lokasi observasi dari studi-studi tersebut mencakup benua Asia, Eropa, Amerika. Hasil analisis data pada studi meta analisis ini menunjukkan bahwa hubungan tersebut tergolong sedang dengan korelasi (ř) sebesar 0.53, standar deviasi (SD) sebesar 0.373, dan interval kepercayaan berada pada rentang -0.591 lebih kecil dari ř lebih kecil dari 0.837, artinya nilai (ř) dapat diterima. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis yang menyatakan bahwa ada hubungan antara kesadaran phonologi dengan literasi dapat diterima.
Perbedaan Fear Of Success Ditinjau Dari Status Pernikahan Pada Wanita Karier
Authors: Pita Triana Octaviani , Prasetya Berta Esti Ari 
Published: July 2020

Wanita karier dapat mengalami fear of success yang cenderung disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah status pernikahan yaitu menikah dan belum menikah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji adanya perbedaan fear of success antara dua kelompok. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawati bank-bank yang berada di daerah Salatiga sebanyak 76 orang (38 menikah dan 38 belum menikah), dipilih dengan teknik accidental sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan skala fear of success yang dibuat oleh peneliti berdasarkan aspek-aspek fear of success oleh Horner (dalam Berkowitz, 1980). Uji Hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan t-test yang menunjukkan angka t sebesar 5,862 dengan signifikansi 0,000 (p lebih kecil dari 0,05). Hasil hipotesis ini diterima yakni ada perbedaan fear of success ditinjau dari status pernikahan pada wanita karier, dimana wanita yang sudah menikah memiliki fear of success lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan wanita belum menikah.Kata kunci: fear of success, status pernikahan, wanita karier.