bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytische Ermittlung des Nutschlitzanteils der Wicklung-Rotor-Kapazität zur Vorausberechnung von Lagerspannungen in elektrischen Maschinen
Authors: Stockbrügger Jan Ole , Ponick Bernd 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Anzahl umrichtergespeister Antriebe steigt aufgrund der guten Regelbarkeit des Motors bei mittlerweile geringen Anschaffungskosten. Infolge der diskreten Schaltzustände der Leistungstransistoren ist der Mittelwert der drei Ausgangsspannungen eines Zweipunkt-Wechselrichters eine von Null verschiedene Gleichtaktspannung, welche als Common-Mode-Spannung bezeichnet wird. Die Gleichtaktspannung wird durch den Umrichter in die Motorwicklung eingeprägt. Über die Wicklung-Rotor-Kapazität entsteht ein Abbild der Common-Mode-Spannung auf der Motorwelle, die auch an den Motorlagern anliegt und die Durchschlagsfestigkeit des Schmierfilms der Lager überschreiten und zu Durchschlägen führen kann, welche in der Beschädigung der Motorlager resultieren.Die Wicklung-Rotor-Kapazität setzt sich aus einem Nutschlitz- und einem Stirnraumanteil zusammen. In diesem Artikel wird eine analytische Bestimmung des Nutschlitzanteils der Wicklung-Rotor-Kapazität vorgestellt, welche neben der Geometrie des Nutschlitzes und der Geometrie des Luftspalts den Einfluss von Materialien mit unterschiedlichen Permittivitäten berücksichtigt. Die Ermittlung des Nutschlitzanteils der Wicklung-Rotor-Kapazität basiert auf der Berechnung des skalaren Potenzialfelds im Gebiet des Nutschlitzes und des Luftspalts.
Silicone soft socket system for the treatment of geriatric transtibial amputees
Authors: Breuer Robert , Trieb Klemens 
Published: April 2020

Summary
Background
Outfitting geriatric amputees with a suitable prosthesis is a demanding task. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of prostheses outfitted with a silicone suspension interface system on a large group of transtibial amputees regarding walking distance, satisfaction of use and duration of daily use.

Methods
The study included 75 mostly geriatric transtibial amputees fitted with a rigid total contact socket with a silicone interface system called an Icelandic roll-on silicone socket (ICEROSS, Ossur, Reykjavik, Iceland). At follow-up 54 patients remained for assessment. Ambulatory performance was measured by first categorizing the patients into four subgroups regarding their walking capacity: 0–50 m, 50–100 m, 100–500 m and >500 m. The alteration in patient mobility was measured at admission, discharge and follow-up. Satisfaction and duration of daily use as well as use of walking aids were collated with a standard questionnaire.

Results
Between admission and discharge, patients showed significant improvement (p = <0.001) in walking distances. The walking distance diminished again between time of discharge and follow-up (p = <0.001). The parameters satisfaction with device and duration of daily use showed no significant differences and the same applied to male and female subjects.

Conclusions
Geriatric transtibial amputees fitted with prostheses attached via a silicone suction socket system showed significant improvements in walking distances and a high rate of satisfaction with the device. There were no statistically significant gender-specific differences among users of the ICEROSS system.
Wissensaustausch beim Frühstück – „CreativeMornings“ als Treffpunkt für Kultur- und Kreativschaffende in Berlin
Authors: Müller Philip , Schneider Nico 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren sind sogenannte Community Gatherings, wie Konferenzen, Messen und Branchentreffen, in den Blickpunkt von Wissenschaft, Politik und Verwaltung geraten. Diese Veranstaltungen schaffen eine institutionelle Basis für den Austausch von Wissen zwischen Akteuren, die zumeist Teil einer Community sind. Die bisherigen Studien fokussieren sich dabei vor allem auf international und national ausgerichtete Community Gatherings. Veranstaltungen mit regionaler Ausrichtung sind bisher jedoch kaum untersucht worden. Dieser Beitrag macht am Beispiel der monatlich stattfindenden Vortragsreihe von „CreativeMornings“ in Berlin deutlich, wie regionale Community Gatherings zum unternehmensübergreifenden Austausch von Wissen zwischen Kreativ- und Kulturschaffenden beitragen können. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass auf den Berliner CreativeMornings-Treffen ein Austausch von Wissen vor allem durch die Vorträge, die im Mittelpunkt der Veranstaltungen stehen, sowie durch die Face-to-Face-Gespräche zwischen den Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmern stattfindet. Das Fallbeispiel zu CreativeMornings in Berlin basiert auf der Erhebung der Nutzerprofile der Berliner CreativeMornings-Mitglieder sowie auf qualitativen Interviews mit dem Organisator und Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmern der Veranstaltungen.
Dietary pattern of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus including date consumption
Authors: Al-Mssallem Muneera Q. , Al-Qarni Ali Ahmed , Al-Jamaan Mohammed 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimAssess the relationship between date palm fruit consumption and diabetic control among Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Subjects and methodsSaudi patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 404, aged 55.3 ± 9.7 years) were included in this study. Height, weight and blood pressure were initially measured. Blood glucose levels (fasting and random), glycated hemoglobin HbA1c, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides were retrieved from the patient’s medical records. The amount and frequency of habitual consumption of date fruits were obtained from patients using a validated dietary questionnaire.ResultsThe results revealed that high consumption of date fruits was statistically significantly correlated with lower HbA1cand fasting blood glucose (p < 0.01).ConclusionThis cross-sectional study found an association between high date fruit consumption by patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and lower HbA1cand fasting blood glucose levels. Further studies are required to verify this interesting finding
Prioritization of indigenous fruit tree species with domestication and commercialization potential in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Nkosi Noluthando Nonjabulo , Mostert Theodorus Hendrik Cornelis , Dzikiti Sebinasi , Ntuli Nontuthuko Rosemary 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIndigenous fruit tree species (IFTs) can play a crucial role in poverty alleviation and as a source of food in South Africa. Although these species contain nutrient-rich edible fruits that are also locally processed to food products such as jams and jellies, they are still underutilized and also harvested from the wild. This study aimed to prioritize in northern KwaZulu-Natal, IFTs with domestication and commercialization potential. A literature survey and focus groups were used to list tree species that produce edible fruits with this potential. Plant experts, through focus groups and reference group meetings, further ranked fruit trees using a scorecard method based on various attributes. A total of 29 prioritized IFTs was obtained, of which the Sapotaceae was the most represented family with a maximum of four species. Based on scorecard assessment, the most preferred species in descending order wereStrychnos spinosaLam.,Garcinia livingstoneiT.Anderson,Englerophytum magalismontanum(Sond.) T.D.Penn,Sclerocarya birrea(A.Rich) Hochst.,Dovyalis caffra(Hook.f. & Harv) Hook.f.,Vangueria infaustiaBurch. andBerchemia zeyheri(Sond.) Grubov.Strychnos spinosawas ranked as the first most important IFTs with a final score of 151, whereasBerchemia zeyheriwas ranked the least with the final score of 146.1. However, the final scores of all most preferred species were relatively similar to one another. The top seven species identified in this study should be considered as a baseline for future IFTs development programmes such as domestication, whereby these species are introduced to small-holder farmers and food processing industries.
Thujone, a widely debated volatile compound: What do we know about it?
Authors: Zámboriné Németh Éva , Thi Nguyen Huong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThujone is a volatile monoterpene ketone of plant origin which is produced by several plants that are frequently used for flavoring foods and beverages. The use of thujone and thujone-containing plant parts for human consumption is currently regulated by the European Parliament and Council and the European Medicines Agency. The best known neurotoxic effects are connected to the GABA-gated chloride channel, where α-thujone is a modulator roughly two to three times as potent as the β isomer. Based primarily on in vitro experiments, genotoxicity and carcinogenic properties of thujones have also been detected in parallel with antimutagenic and immune-modulatory effects. Some of the controversial effects seem to be strongly dose-dependent. Data on antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities of thujones may show new ways to use them. This review also describes the main steps of the biosynthetic route of thujones and their occurrence in the plant kingdom. The accumulation of these compounds seems to be more abundant in some plant families (e.g. Asteraceae or Cupressaceae) than in others. Four species (Artemisia absinthium, Salvia officinalis, Tanacetum vulgare, Thuja occidentalis), characterised by a large intraspecific chemical variability, have been evaluated in detail from chemotaxonomical aspects. Experimental results show that the phenotypic manifestation and quantity of thujones in the essential oils depend on the plant organ and its developmental phase. Besides, weather conditions and growth habitat might also influence the ratios, as well as the possibly unique responses of the individual species. Unfortunately, comparison and an exact evaluation of the references is hampered by very diverse methods of treatment and analysis; sometimes reliability itself seems questionable. In order to optimise the safe use of thujone-containing preparations, it would be necessary to do further systematic studies from the plant biological, toxicological and pharmaco-kinetic points of view.
Variability of E2 protein-coding sequences of bovine viral diarrhea virus in Polish cattle
Authors: Mirosław Paweł , Polak Mirosław P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) belongs to the Pestivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family and has worldwide distribution, being one of the main causes of economic losses in cattle raising. The genome of pestiviruses is a single strand of positive-sense RNA with a length of 12.3 kb, which encodes one open reading frame flanked by untranslated regions. E2 glycoprotein is required for binding to cell-surface receptors and it also contains major antigenic determinants. The nucleotide sequence coding E2 is the most variable part of the viral genome. The heterogeneity that exists among circulating strains causes problems in the development of effective vaccines and reliable diagnostics. In this study, and for the first time analysis was made of the E2 glycoprotein coding sequences of 14 Polish BVDV-1 strains which belong to four subtypes: 1b (n = 7), 1f (n = 3), 1s (n = 3), and 1r (n = 1). These sequences showed evidence of strong purifying (negative) selection. However, we also identified positively selected sites. The availability of E2 sequences of Polish BVDV strains for reference, knowledge gained through epitope prediction attempts, and information on protein glycosylation sites can afford a better understanding of host–pathogen interactions.
Good for learning, bad for motivation? A meta-analysis on the effects of computer-supported collaboration scripts
Authors: Radkowitsch Anika , Vogel Freydis , Fischer Frank 
Published: April 2020

AbstractScripting computer-supported collaborative learning has been shown to greatly enhance learning, but is often criticized for hindering learners’ agency and thus undermining learners’ motivation. Beyond that, what makes some CSCL scripts particularly effective for learning is still a conundrum. This meta-analysis synthesizes the results of 53 primary studies that experimentally compared the effect of learning with a CSCL script to unguided collaborative learning on at least one of the variables motivation, domain learning, and collaboration skills. Overall, 5616 learners enrolled in K-12, higher education, or professional development participated in the included studies. The results of a random-effects meta-analysis show that learning with CSCL scripts leads to a non-significant positive effect on motivation (Hedges’ g = 0.13), a small positive effect (Hedges’ g = 0.24) on domain learning and a medium positive effect (Hedges’ g = 0.72) on collaboration skills. Additionally, the meta-analysis shows how scaffolding single particular collaborative activities and scaffolding a combination of collaborative activities affects the effectiveness of CSCL scripts and that synergistic or differentiated scaffolding is hard to achieve. This meta-analysis offers the first counterevidence against the widespread criticism that CSCL scripts have negative motivational effects. Furthermore, the findings can be taken as evidence for the robustness of the positive effects on domain learning and collaboration skills.
New Team-Work – eine neue Balance von Gruppe und Führung
Authors: Scholl Wolfgang 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungIn den Diskussionen um „New Work“ spielt (weitgehend) autonome Teamarbeit eine zentrale Rolle. Wie dabei Führung funktionieren kann, bleibt meist unklar; klar ist nur, dass eine neue Balance von Gruppe und Führung jenseits der üblichen Führungskonzepte nötig ist. Die Forschung liefert dazu seit Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts klare Hinweise, die hier dargelegt und mit den neuesten Führungskonzepten abgeglichen werden. Deutlich wird, dass Führung am besten flexibel von verschiedenen Teammitgliedern je nach Problem und besonderem Wissen ergriffen werden kann und dass die Nutzung der Machtgrundlagen dabei entscheidend ist.
Range-kernel characterizations of operators which are adjoint of each other
Authors: Tarcsay Zsigmond , Sebestyén Zoltán 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a pair S, T of Hilbert space operators in order that they satisfy $$S^*=T$$

S
∗

=
T

and $$T^*=S$$

T
∗

=
S

. As a main result we establish an improvement of von Neumann’s classical theorem on the positive self-adjointness of $$S^*S$$

S
∗

S

for two variables. We also give some new characterizations of self-adjointness and skew-adjointness of operators, not requiring their symmetry or skew-symmetry, respectively.
Nonfreezing Cold Injuries Among Long-Distance Polar Rowers
Authors: Longman Daniel P. , Brown Emily L. , Imray Christopher H.E. 
Published: April 2020

Introduction Nonfreezing cold injury (NFCI) is a peripheral cold injury that occurs when the extremities are exposed to cold temperatures, at or near the freezing point, for sustained periods of time (48–96 h at temperatures of usually around 0 to 6°C with associated wind chill). Although NFCI often goes unreported and may be underdiagnosed, it is a cause of significant morbidity in those working in cold conditions, particularly those in the military. Thus, further research into the prevention, recognition, and treatment of NFCI is warranted. Methods The height, body weight, and body composition of 6 rowers taking part in 1 or 2 legs of the 2017 Polar Row expedition were measured. The weather conditions of the 2 legs of the journey were recorded, and symptoms relating to NFCI were documented. Results All incidences of NFCI occurred during Leg 2 of the expedition, which was colder and wetter. Of the Leg 2 rowers, those who developed NFCI had a trend toward higher pre-row body weight and body mass index and a trends toward losing more weight and body water relative to those who did not. Conclusions The main factor contributing to the incidence of NFCI appeared to be weather; NFCI only occurred during the colder and wetter leg of the expedition. We also tentatively suggest that nutrition and dehydration may be linked to the incidence of NFCI as predisposing factors. More work, with sample sizes greater than those reported here, is required to investigate these associations to further characterize risk factors.
AN UNNOTICED REFERENCE TO THE CRITO IN PLOTINUS?
Authors: Tresnie Corentin 
Published: April 2020

εἰ δ' ἑκοῦσαι, τί μέμφεσθε εἰς ὃν ἑκόντες ἤλθετε διδόντος καὶ ἀπαλλάττεσθαι, εἴ τις μὴ ἀρέσκοιτο; εἰ δὲ δὴ καὶ τοιοῦτόν ἐστι τόδε τὸ πᾶν, ὡς ἐξεῖναι ἐν αὐτῷ καὶ σοφίαν ἔχειν καὶ ἐνταῦθα ὄντας βιοῦν κατ' ἐκεῖνα, πῶς οὐ μαρτυρεῖ ἐξηρτῆσθαι τῶν ἐκεῖ;And if they descend willingly, why do you blame the cosmos that you willingly entered and that allows anyone who is not satisfied to escape from it? But if this universe is actually such that we can be in it and have wisdom and while being here live according to those intelligible principles, why wouldn't this bear witness to its dependence on those intelligible principles?καὶ οὐδεὶς ἡμῶν τῶν νόμων ἐμποδών ἐστιν οὐδ' ἀπαγορεύει, ἐάντε τις βούληται ὑμῶν εἰς ἀποικίαν ἰέναι, εἰ μὴ ἀρέσκοιμεν ἡμεῖς τε καὶ ἡ πόλις, ἐάντε μετοικεῖν ἄλλοσέ ποι ἐλθών, ἰέναι ἐκεῖσε ὅποι ἂν βούληται, ἔχοντα τὰ αὑτοῦ. ὃς δ' ἂν ὑμῶν παραμείνῃ, ὁρῶν ὃν τρόπον ἡμεῖς τάς τε δίκας δικάζομεν καὶ τἆλλα τὴν πόλιν διοικοῦμεν, ἤδη φαμὲν τοῦτον ὡμολογηκέναι ἔργῳ ἡμῖν ἃ ἂν ἡμεῖς κελεύωμεν ποιήσειν ταῦτα.Not one of our laws raises any obstacle or forbids him, if he is not satisfied with us or the city, if one of you wants to go and live in a colony or wants to go anywhere else, and keep his property. We say, however, that whoever of you remains, when he sees how we conduct our trials and manage the city in other ways, has in fact come to an agreement with us to obey our instructions.
Low‐Latitude VLF Radio Signal Disturbances Due to the Extremely Severe Cyclone Fani of May 2019 and Associated Mesospheric Response
Authors: Pal Sujay , Sarkar Shubham , Midya Subrata K. , Mondal Sushanta K. , Hobara Yasuhide 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe present new results of lower ionospheric disturbances due to the extremely severe cyclonic storm Fani over northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. Very low frequency radio signal received at Kolkata, India, and mesospheric temperature and ozone concentration data from the NASA's TIMED satellite are used for this purpose. Significant wave‐like oscillations and strong amplitude anomalies in daytime and nighttime VLF signal were observed when the cyclone center was within ∼700 km from the receiver. Both the mesospheric ozone concentration and temperature showed maximum anomalies beyond 3σ during the cyclone period. Maximum ozone anomaly and maximum VLF anomaly occurred on the same day when cyclone intensity was maximum, while the maximum temperature anomaly occurred on the next day during landfall. Mesospheric temperature enhancement around VLF reflection heights indicates changes in the chemical composition and electron‐neutral balance in the D region ionosphere. Simulation of VLF signal showed that the D region reflection height decreased by 7.9 km and the D region electron density increased by ∼20 times compared to precyclone midnight values at the maximum perturbed area along the propagation path. Wavelet analysis confirmed significant enhancement of atmospheric gravity waves spectrum with periods 10 min to 2 hr around landfall. Further, a strong anticorrelation between total wavelet power in the wave band of periods 10–30 min and cyclone pressure suggests a possibility of monitoring cyclone intensity from mesospheric gravity waves using VLF radio measurements.
Energetic Electron Depletions in the Nightside Martian Upper Atmosphere Revisited
Authors: Niu D.‐D. , Cui J. , Gu H. , Wu X.‐S. , Wu S.‐Q. , Lu H.‐Y. , Chai L.‐H. , Wei Y. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEnergetic electron depletions are a notable feature of the nightside Martian upper atmosphere. In this study, we investigate systematically the variations of the occurrence of depletions with both internal and external conditions, using the extensive Solar Wind Electron Analyzer measurements made on board the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution. In addition to the known trends of increasing occurrence with decreasing altitude and increasing magnetic field intensity, our analysis reveals that depletions are more easily observed in regions with near horizontal magnetic fields and under low solar wind (SW) dynamic pressures. We also find that below 160 km, the occurrence increases with increasing CO2 density, a trend mostly visible in weakly magnetized regions. These observations have important implications on the formation of electron depletions: (1) Near strong magnetic anomalies, closed magnetic loops preferentially form and shield the atmosphere from direct access of SW electrons, a process that is modulated by the upstream SW condition; and (2) in weakly magnetized regions, SW electrons precipitate into the atmosphere unhindered, but at sufficiently low altitudes, they are either “absorbed” due to inelastic collisions with ambient neutrals or shielded again in response to a change in magnetic connectivity from open to closed. Our analysis further reveals that both the ionospheric plasma content and thermal electron temperature are reduced in regions with depletions compared to regions without, supporting SW electron precipitation as an important source of external energy driving the variability in the deep nightside Martian upper atmosphere and ionosphere.
Do Beach Profiles Under Nonbreaking Waves Minimize Energy Dissipation?
Authors: Maldonado S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe hypothesis that equilibrium beach profiles under nonbreaking waves minimize wave energy dissipation was considered by Larson et al. (1999 Coast. Eng. 36 59‐85). Larson et al. approached the hypothesis as a variational problem, assuming a priori that the solution (the extremal profile) followed a power law with a freely tunable exponent, which was varied so as to extremize the relevant functional. Here, we revisit this hypothesis and solve the associated variational problem approximately via analytical means, without a priori assumptions on the mathematical structure of the solution. We remark that for the solution to be realistic, the problem formulation must consider additional constraints; for example, the bed slope angle must not exceed the sediment's angle of repose. Incidentally, the solution we derive recovers the power law prescribed by Larson et al., which is in turn backed by a large body of empirical evidence. However, the exponent of the power in our solution is not an arbitrarily free parameter; it depends on the parametrization of the bed shear stress (the main mechanism by which nonbreaking waves dissipate energy), and predicted values of the exponent are supported by previous research. The power law curve derived here agrees well with empirical data from field and laboratory, suggesting that a principle of energy economy may indeed underpin the particular shape adopted by beach profiles under nonbreaking waves. This theoretical study aims at promoting and aiding further tests of this hypothesis.