bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development, Implementation and Evaluation of a Smartphone-Based Study Guide for Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Eltouny Sarah , Nasser Asmaa Abdel , Hefny Mohamed , Hosny Somaya 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Most medical educators agreed that e-Learning is a necessity nowadays and not a luxury shift. Smartphones contribute to the educational process to a great extent. Integrating the use of smartphones in the curriculum has an important innovative role in medical education and health care services. Currently, medical students are using smartphones as part of their daily routine and learning activities. A study guide is a tool designed to facilitate students' interaction with the various components of the curriculum. The idea of using a mobile application in providing information through a study guide to facilitate learning was reported by different studies.
Aims: This study aims at designing, implementing and evaluating smart-phone based study guide using mobile enhanced learning technology for the 1st year medical students at Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University (FOM-SCU) in order to enhance students' learning experience.
The Study Objectives: Design a study guide using mobile application for the 1st year medical students. Implement the newly designed study guide on 1st year medical students (2017-2018). Evaluate the students' performance during PBL tutorial sessions before and after implementing Smartphone based study guide. Assess students' satisfaction regarding the study guide application. Identify challenges of using mobile application in medical education.
Study Design: A quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest), using a non-probability convenience sampling, 105 students (response rate 84%), and 16 class tutors (response rate 100%).
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Education, FOM-SCU, Egypt during the academic year 2017-2018.
Methodology: Using a non-probability convenience sampling technique, 105 students (response rate 84%), and 16 class tutors (response rate 100%).
Results: Most of the students (94.3%) stated that smartphone (m-learning) is useful in Medical Education, 80.9% of them agreed that the module objectives can be met through m-learning and 61.9% of the students agreed on recommending m-learning as an innovative method of learning to others. The evaluation of students' performance in the context of Problem Based Learning (PBL) by their class tutors showed a statistically significant improvement in all items regarding the four factors assessed "independent study" (p-value <0.001), "group interaction" (p-value <0.001), "active participation" (p-value <0.001), and "reasoning skills" (p-value <0.001) when comparing pre and post-intervention scores.
Conclusion: This study concludes the m-learning has a positive effect on the students’ performance in the PBL context. It is remarkably significant to integrate smartphone-based learning activities in the undergraduate Medical Education curriculum. Our results can encourage other health professions institutions to apply m-learning in different educational situations.
Chemical Composition of Fish Head Flavor Crackers
Authors: . Junianto , Amran Hanifah Nurul , Lili Walim , Rostini Iis 
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the chemical composition of fish flavor crackers. This research was carried out in the laboratory of the Integrated Basic Science Program at Padjadjaran University in January 2020. The method used in this research was the experimental method. The parameters observed in this study were moisture content, ash content, protein content and fat content in the most favourite flavor powder crackers (10%) with control (0%). Data from the measurement of chemical composition in crackers were analyzed by a comparative descriptive . Based on the result of this study it was found taht fish head flavor crackers had of moisture content of 4.17%, ash content of 2.94%, protein content of 0.40%, and fat content of 14.16%.
Dentistry during the COVID-19 Era: Safety Protocols and Considerations
Authors: Habashneh Rola , Alibrahim Anas , Alteen Tahani Abu , Al-Jabary Leen , Al-Omari Sawsen 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The dental surgery, where healthcare personnel work in close proximity to patients and perform aerosol-generating-procedures, is classified as a high exposure risk environment. Dentists should have thorough knowledge about the correct protective measures during clinical practice to reduce transmission of disease. This narrative review proposes comprehensive evidence-based and content-specific guidelines on infection control and communication strategies to help workers in the dental setting mitigate the risks of COVID-19 until effective vaccines are available and to also enhance cross contamination measures generally.
Methods: A review of pertinent literature was carried out in PubMED and other global sites including: American Dental Association, Occupational Safety, Health Administration and British Dental Association, NHS England and Faculty of General Dental Practice, to determine and summarize the current recommendations and safety measures specific to the dental setting throughout the world.
Results: Safety measures are needed to control transmission of COVID-19 at the administrative, clinical and environmental levels. Clinic and appointments should be prepared and arranged in a way to maximize social distancing and minimize virus transmission. Preoperative measures should be taken to reduce the chance of viral exposure and transmission. Personal protective measures should be handled properly by clinical and non-clinical staff members. Engineering measures should also be employed, such as economic air purifiers and ventilation systems should also be considered if Coronavirus is proven to be airborne.
Conclusion: This outbreak should serve as a chance for healthcare authorities and providers to invest in precautionary additional cross contamination measures. These should become part of standard practice, as there are other transmissible diseases which place the dental practitioner at risk of infection.
Misclassification of Asymptomatic Infections of COVID-19
Authors: Orish Verner N. , Lopez Duniesky Martinez 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Several cases of asymptomatic infections of COVID-19 being reported by several countries in this pandemic and with the recent conflicting information of asymptomatic transmission of COVID-19, it is important to look critically on the true nature of these reported asymptomatic infections. There is a possibility most of the reported asymptomatic infections of COVID-19 are not truly asymptomatic but are either presymptomatic, mild infections or infections in the post-symptomatic phase.
Results: These infections misclassified as asymptomatic infections can result in misleading findings in studies attempting to understand asymptomatic transmission of COVID-19.
Conclusion: It is therefore crucial that rigorous and detailed data be collected during contact tracing to accurately identify and classify asymptomatic infections COVID-19.
A Theoretical Model of Corruption Using Modified Lotka Volterra Model: A Perspective of Interactions between Staff and Students
Authors: Kawira Mercy , Ngari Cyrus Gitonga , Karanja Stephen 
Published: September 2020

Corruption is the misuse of power or resources for private gain. This undermines economic development, political stability, and government legitimacy, the society fabric, allocation of resources to sectors crucial for development, and encourages and perpetuates other illegal opportunities. Despite Mathematical modeling being a powerful tool in describing real life phenomena it still remains unexploited in the fight of corruption menace. This study uses Lotka Volterra, predator-prey equations to develop a model to describe corruption in institutions of higher learning, use the developed model to determine its equilibria, determine the condition for stability of the equilibria and finally carry out the simulation. The corrupt students and staff act as predators while their non-corrupt counterparts act as prey in the paper. Theory of ordinary differential equations was used to determine steady states and their stability. Mathematica was used for algebraic analysis and Matlab was used for numerical analysis and simulation. Analytical result suggested multiple steady state however numerical result confirmed that the model has four steady states. Numerical bifurcation analysis suggests the possibility of backward of corrupt staff when is about 39. Numerical simulation points to an increasing trend on corrupt staff and decrease trend on corrupt student. This study concludes that more focus should be put to staff than students in curbing the spread of corruption. Future study should strive to fit this model in real data.
Assessment of Drought across Kaduna State, Nigeria Using MODIS Dataset
Authors: Pius M. N. , Yelwa S. A. , Sanda A. B. 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Kaduna state in Nigeria is located within the Guinea Savannah of the African Continent. The state is susceptible to desertification and the risks of drought.
Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study is to access magnitude and extent drought in Kaduna state Nigeria using MODIS dataset.
Study Design: The study examined people’s perception; precipitation data and satellite imageries for assessing and monitoring drought. Descriptive statistics were used to present the some of the data.
Methodology: The dataset were analysed using Idrisi remote sensing and Geographical Information (GIS) softwares to determine the aerial coverage of drought and its magnitude. Furthermore, run off were determined, VCI calculated, cross-tabulation were made from classified imageries and the views of respondents were also sought to complement the analysis.
Results: The study revealed that there have been several episodes of drought in Kaduna state within the period under review. Runoff decreased from 72.50mm in 2000 to just about 48.00mm in 2009. The study also revealed that there is a positive relationship (0.72) between rainfall and vegetation vigour/biomas in the state. Similarly, vegetation condition index (VCI) revealed a value 10.2% indicating a severe drought in the state based on Kogans drought classification.
Conclusion: The study concluded that both rainfall and vegetation/biomas vigour are generally decreasing suggesting a strong positive correlation value of 0.71. While a better high spatial resolution satellite dataset be utilised for further studies in this direction, the study also recommends that individuals and organisations be encouraged to engage in the habit of tree planting in order to curtail the decrease in vegetation biomass in the state. In addition, research and extension services should be strongly promoted in order to develop particular breed of seeds that can survive the drought in this period of food insecurity.
Assessment of Anti-Diabetic Medications Adherence among Diabetic Patients in Sana’a City, Yemen: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Othman Gamil , Ali Faisal , Ibrahim Mohamed Izham Mohamed , Al-Worafi Yaser Mohammed , Ansari Mukhtar , Halboup Abdulsalam M. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Lack of adherence to anti-diabetic medications use is linked with suboptimal glycemic control which in turn leads to increase rate of diabetic complications. The adherence to anti-diabetic medications among adult diabetic patients in Sana'a city has not been yet evaluated.
Objective: This study, therefore, assessed the extent to which diabetic patients are adherent to their antidiabetic medications and explored the factors underlying such adherence attitude in Sana’a City, Yemen.
Methods: A cross-sectional method was conducted among a sample of 365 diabetic patients attending public and private hospitals from March to April 2017 in Sana'a City-Yemen. Random patients were selected and data regarding their treatment adherence were obtained using a questionnaire. Adherence to diabetes medications was measured using medication adherence index followed by structured interviews. Descriptive analysis was used to compare between different groups of diabetic patients. Bivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate the associations between clinical variables.
Results: The cross-sectional study included 365 patients (263 males; 102 females). A high level of medication adherence rate to anti-diabetic drugs in the present study was (70%). The adherence rate was not similar in both genders where males were more adherent than females. The most common reason for non-adherence was forgetfulness (n= 67; 61%). While the lowest factor for non-adherence was associated with ineffective (n= 7; 6%). Adherence was strongly associated with diabetes duration, monthly income, blood sugar monitoring, communication with physician, and patient’s knowledge regarding importance of medication use (p <0.05).
Conclusions: The degree of adherence in patients with diabetes in Sana’a to anti-diabetic medication was shown to be mostly suboptimal. The medication adherence levels are still crucial strategy for optimal treatment against diabetes. However, additional studies on strategies to improve adherence rate and health care should be carried out in the future.
Heavy quark diffusion in an overoccupied gluon plasma
Authors: Boguslavski K. , Kurkela A. , Lappi T. , Peuron J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe extract the heavy-quark diffusion coefficientκand the resulting momentum broadening 〈p2〉 in a far-from-equilibrium non-Abelian plasma. We find several features in the time dependence of the momentum broadening: a short initial rapid growth of 〈p2〉, followed by linear growth with time due to Langevin-type dynamics and damped oscillations around this growth at the plasmon frequency. We show that these novel oscillations are not easily explained using perturbative techniques but result from an excess of gluons at low momenta. These oscillation are therefore a gauge invariant confirmation of the infrared enhancement we had previously observed in gauge-fixed correlation functions. We argue that the kinetic theory description of such systems becomes less reliable in the presence of this IR enhancement.
Hamiltonian derivation of dual gravitational charges
Authors: Godazgar Hadi , Godazgar Mahdi , Perry Malcolm J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We provide a Hamiltonian derivation of recently discovered dual BMS charges. In order to do so, we work in the first order formalism and add to the usual Palatini action, the Holst term, which does not contribute to the equations of motion. We give a method for finding the leading order integrable dual charges à la Wald-Zoupas and construct the corresponding charge algebra. We argue that in the presence of fermions, the relevant term that leads to dual charges is the topological Nieh-Yan term.
Cellular and molecular events of inflammation induced transdifferentiation (EMT) and regeneration (MET) in mesenteric mesothelial cells
Authors: Zsiros Viktória , Kiss Anna L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this review we summarize the cellular and molecular events of inflammation induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) and mesothelial-to-macrophage transition (MET) during regeneration. Since the receptor transmits the environmental stimulus, downregulating or upregulating the process on an epigenetic level, the intracellular localization of receptors (signaling organelles: early endosomes or lysosomal degradation: late endosomes) plays a crucial role in the signaling events regulating inflammation and regeneration. Therefore, we focused on the internalization of the receptors as well as the intracellular compartmentalization of signaling molecules during EMT and MET. The review draws the reader’s attention to the plasticity of mesothelial cells and supports the idea that during inflammation an ambient macrophage population might derive from mesothelial cells.
A tomographic approach to assessing the possibility of ring shake presence in standing chestnut trees
Authors: Proto Andrea R. , Cataldo Maria F. , Costa Corrado , Papandrea Salvatore F. , Zimbalatti Giuseppe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRing shake is a widespread phenomenon affecting a great number of species of both softwood and hardwood and is found in trees grown in temperate and tropical climates. Chestnut (Castanea sativaMill.) represents one of the most important hardwood timbers that is very often affected by ring shake. This defect seems to be the only real limit to the spread and use of chestnut wood worldwide on a scale closer to the availability of this wood. The aim of this study was to examine the potential of tomographic measurement as a non-destructive method for predicting the possibility of the presence of ring shake in standing chestnut trees. For this reason, the experiments were carried out in a chestnut coppice stand where one hundred chestnut standards were monitored using an acoustic tomographic device, and subsequently harvested by a local company and cross-sectioned corresponding to the acoustic tests. This work proposed an applied approach to predicting and determining wood quality (sound wood vs. defective wood) from tomographic data. The model, based on a non-linear approach, showed that sonic tomography can identify ring shake in a tree trunk without affecting its biological activity, overcoming the difficulties of predicting ring shake using only visual inspection.
A Hitchhiker’s guide to the potato wart disease resistance galaxy
Authors: Prodhomme Charlotte , van Arkel Gert , Plich Jarosław , Tammes Jasper E. , Rijk Johan , van Eck Herman J. , Visser Richard G. F. , Vossen Jack H. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Key message
Two novel major effect loci (Sen4 and Sen5) and several minor effect QTLs for potato wart disease resistance have been mapped. The importance of minor effect loci to bring full resistance to wart disease was investigated. Using the newly identified and known wart disease resistances, a panel of potato breeding germplasm and Solanum wild species was screened. This provided a state-of-the-art “hitch-hikers-guide” of complementary wart disease resistance sources.

Abstract
Potato wart disease, caused by the obligate biotrophic soil-born fungus Synchytrium endobioticum, is the most important quarantine disease of potato. Because of its huge impact on yield, the lack of chemical control and the formation of resting spores with long viability, breeding for resistant varieties combined with strict quarantine measures are the only way to efficiently and durably manage the disease. In this study, we set out to make an inventory of the different resistance sources. Using a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) in the potato breeding genepool, we identified Sen4, associated with pathotypes 2, 6 and 18 resistance. Associated SNPs mapped to the south arm of chromosome 12 and were validated to be linked to resistance in one full-sib population. Also, a bulked segregant analysis combined with a Comparative Subsequence Sets Analysis (CoSSA) resulted in the identification of Sen5, associated with pathotypes 2, 6 and 18 resistance, on the south arm of chromosome 5. In addition to these two major effect loci, the GWAS and CoSSA allowed the identification of several quantitative trait loci necessary to bring full resistance to certain pathotypes. Panels of varieties and Solanum accessions were screened for the presence of Sen1, Sen2, Sen3, Sen4 and Sen5. Combined with pedigree analysis, we could trace back some of these genes to the ancestral resistance donors. This analysis revealed complementary resistance sources and allows elimination of redundancy in wart resistance breeding programs.
Bone marrow stimulation for talar osteochondral lesions at long-term follow-up shows a high sports participation though a decrease in clinical outcomes over time
Authors: Lambers Kaj T. A. , Dahmen Jari , Altink J. Nienke , Reilingh Mikel L. , van Bergen Christiaan J. A. , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Although bone marrow stimulation (BMS) as a treatment for osteochondral lesions of the talus (OCLT) shows high rates of sport resumption at short-term follow-up, it is unclear whether the sports activity is still possible at longer follow-up. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to evaluate sports activity after arthroscopic BMS at long-term follow-up.

Methods
Sixty patients included in a previously published randomized-controlled trial were analyzed in the present study. All patients had undergone arthroscopic debridement and BMS for OCLT. Return to sports, level, and type were assessed in the first year post-operative and at final follow-up. Secondary outcome measures were assessed by standardized questionnaires with use of numeric rating scales for pain and satisfaction and the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS).

Results
The mean follow-up was 6.4 years (SD ± 1.1 years). The mean level of activity measured with the AAS was 6.2 pre-injury and 3.4 post-injury. It increased to 5.2 at 1 year after surgery and was 5.8 at final follow-up. At final follow-up, 54 patients (90%) participated in 16 different sports. Thirty-three patients (53%) indicated they returned to play sport at their pre-injury level. Twenty patients (33%) were not able to obtain their pre-injury level of sport because of ankle problems and eight other patients (13%) because of other reasons. Mean NRS for pain during rest was 2.7 pre-operative, 1.1 at 1 year, and 1.0 at final follow-up. Mean NRS during activity changed from 7.9 to 3.7 to 4.4, respectively. The FAOS scores improved at 1 year follow-up, but all subscores significantly decreased at final follow-up.

Conclusion
At long-term follow-up (mean 6.4 years) after BMS for OCLT, 90% of patients still participate in sports activities, of whom 53% at pre-injury level. The AAS of the patients participating in sports remains similar pre-injury and post-operatively at final follow-up. A decrease over time in clinical outcomes was, however, seen when the follow-up scores at 1 year post-operatively were compared with the final follow-up.

Level of evidence
Level II.
Higher treatment effect after total knee arthroplasty is associated with higher patient satisfaction
Authors: Lützner Jörg , Beyer Franziska , Günther Klaus-Peter , Huber Jörg 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate what influence the treatment effect after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) had on patient satisfaction.

Methods
Prospective registry data of a University-based arthroplasty centre were used. 582 patients with unilateral bicondylar TKA were analyzed. Treatment effect (TE) was deduced from Oxford Knee Score (OKS) before and one year after surgery. Positive values correspond to improved symptoms (maximum 1.0 reflect no symptoms at all) and negative values correspond to deterioration of symptoms. Satisfaction on a visual-analogue scale from 0 to 10 and the willingness to undergo TKA surgery again was assessed one year after surgery.

Results
The mean OKS improved from 22.1 before to 36.7 one year after TKA. Treatment effects ranged from 1.0 to –0.62 with a mean TE of 0.56. Taking an individual treatment effect of 0.2 as a cut-off between responder and non-responder, a total of 85.8% would be classified as responder after TKA. The mean satisfaction score with the TKA was 8.1. There was a significant correlation between the individual treatment effect and satisfaction after TKA (p < 0.001). The majority of patients (84.5%) would undergo surgery again. Patients not willing to undergo surgery again or those uncertain about this had lower satisfaction scores, a lower treatment effect and were more often female compared to patients who would undergo surgery again.

Conclusion
Higher individual treatment effects resulted in higher patient satisfaction and willingness to undergo surgery again. However, some patients with a relatively low treatment effect were highly satisfied, which indicates the need for both information.

Level of evidence
II.