bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrete time measures versus trajectories of drinking frequency across adolescence as predictors of binge drinking in young adulthood: a longitudinal investigation
Authors: Sylvestre Marie-Pierre , Wellman Robert J , Ahun Marilyn N , Datta Geetanjali , Jutras-Aswad Didier , O Loughlin Jennifer 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesWe compared discrete time measures with trajectories of adolescent drinking frequency as predictors of sustained binge drinking in young adulthood.DesignProspective longitudinal study.Setting10 high schools in Montréal, Canada.Participants1293 high-school students followed from mean (SD) age 12 (0.6) to 24 (0.7) years.Primary outcome measuresPatterns of drinking frequency (self-reports every 3 months from ages 12 to 17) identified using group-based trajectory modelling. Sustained binge drinking was defined as binging monthly or more often at both ages 20 and 24.AnalysesUsing logistic regression, sustained binge drinking was regressed on trajectory group membership and on four discrete time measures (frequency of drinking at age 12; frequency of drinking at age 17; age at drinking onset; age at onset of drinking monthly or more often).ResultsWe identified seven drinking trajectories: late triers (15.2%), decreasers (9.5%), late escalators (10.4%), early slow escalators (16.5%), steady drinkers (14.4%), early rapid escalators (15.8%) and early frequent drinkers (18.2%). Sustained binge drinking was reported by 260 of 787 participants (33.0%) with complete data at both ages 20 and 24. Decreasers did not differ from late triers; all other patterns were associated with higher odds of sustained binge drinking (adjusted ORs: AORs=1.4–17.0). All discrete time measures were associated with sustained binge drinking, notably frequency at age 12 (a bit to try and drinking monthly: (AORs=2.6 (1.7; 3.9) and 2.8 (1.3; 6.1), respectively), age of drinking onset <13 years (AOR=7.6 (3.0; 24.1)), and any age of onset of drinking monthly or more often (AORs=5.1–8.2).ConclusionYouth at risk of sustained binge drinking as young adults can be identified with indicators of early drinking as early as 7th grade (aged 12–13 years). Identification of easy-to-obtain indicators can facilitate screening and intervention efforts.
Predicted quality benefits of achievable performance benchmarks of chronic heart failure care in China: results from a nationwide observational study
Authors: Yin Chang , Li Xi , Wang Chao , Li Jingkun , Bao Xiaoqiang , Zhang Qiuju , Wang Yupeng , Ma Xudong , Liu Meina 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesThis study aimed to set a data-driven achievable performance benchmark, explore the process–outcome association and speculate about the net gain in quality improvement with benchmarking.DesignObservational study.SettingPatient survey conducted at 466 secondary and tertiary hospitals across 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China.Participants183 334 patients diagnosed with chronic heart failure (CHF) who were treated at 466 Chinese hospitals from January 2011 through May 2017.Primary independent variablesHospital process composite performance (HPCP).Secondary independent variablesPatient-level and hospital-level characteristics.Primary outcome measurePatients getting better or recovered after treatment, in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay (LOS) and medical cost.MethodsHPCP was calculated using denominator-based weights. Mixed random-intercept models were used to evaluate the contributions of HPCP on patient outcomes and to speculate quality improvement after adjusting HPCP to benchmark level.ResultsWhen all hospitals were to operate at the benchmark level, the proportion of patients getting better or recovered after treatment would increase in most hospitals, particularly those with low baseline rates. However, there was no evidence for lowering in-hospital mortality, significant savings in cost or shortening LOS.ConclusionsIncreasing the adherence rate of CHF care and closing the gap in HPCP between hospitals have important implications for improving patient condition.
Patients’ and caregivers’ perspectives on access to kidney replacement therapy in rural communities: systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Scholes-Robertson Nicole Jane , Howell Martin , Gutman Talia , Baumgart Amanda , SInka Victoria , Tunnicliffe David J , May Stephen , Chalmers Rachel , Craig Jonathan , Tong Allison 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivePatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) requiring kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in rural communities encounter many barriers in accessing equitable care and have worse outcomes compared with patients in urban areas. This study aims to describe the perspectives of patients and caregivers on access to KRT in rural communities to inform strategies to maximise access to quality care, and thereby reduce disadvantage, inequity and improve health outcomes.Setting18 studies (n=593 participants) conducted across eight countries (Australia, Canada, the UK, New Zealand, Ghana, the USA, Tanzania and India).ResultsWe identified five themes: uncertainty in navigating healthcare services (with subthemes of struggling to absorb information, without familiarity and exposure to options, grieving former roles and yearning for cultural safety); fearing separation from family and home (anguish of homesickness, unable to fulfil family roles and preserving sense of belonging in community); intense burden of travel and cost (poverty of time, exposure to risks and hazards, and taking a financial toll); making life-changing sacrifices; guilt and worry in receiving care (shame in taking resources from others, harbouring concerns for living donor, and coping and managing in isolation).ConclusionPatients with CKD in rural areas face profound and inequitable challenges of displacement, financial burden and separation from family in accessing KRT, which can have severe consequences on their well-being and outcomes. Strategies are needed to improve access and reduce the burden of obtaining appropriate KRT in rural communities.
A journey to a new stable state—further development of the postoperative recovery concept from day surgical perspective: a qualitative study
Authors: Nilsson Ulrica , Jaensson Maria , Hugelius Karin , Arakelian Erebouni , Dahlberg Karuna 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThis study aims to further develop the concept analysis by Allvin et al in 2007 and Lundmark et al in 2016 from the perspective of day-surgery patients. Also, to describe how patients experience postoperative recovery in relation to the identified dimensions and subdimensions and to interpret the findings in order to get a deeper understanding of the concept postoperative recovery.DesignDescriptive qualitative design with a theoretical thematic analysis.SettingSix day-surgery departments in Sweden.ParticipantsThirty-eight adult participants who had undergone day surgery in Sweden. Participants were purposively selected.ResultsFour dimensions—physical, psychological, social and habitual—were confirmed. A total of eight subdimensions were also confirmed, two from Allvin et al’s study and six from Lundmark et al’s study. Recovery included physical symptoms and challenges coping with and regaining control over symptoms and bodily functions. Both positive and negative emotions were present, and strategies on how to handle emotions and achieve well-being were established. Patients became dependent on others. They coped with and adapted to the recovery process and gradually stabilised, reaching a new stable state.ConclusionPostoperative recovery was described as a process with a clear starting point, and as a dynamic and individual process leading to an experience of a new stable state. The recovery process included physical symptoms, emotions and social and habitual consequences that challenges them. To follow-up and measure all four dimensions of postoperative recovery in order to support and understand the process of postoperative recovery is, therefore, recommended.
Patients’ preferences for health insurance coverage of new technologies for treating chronic diseases in China: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Geng Jinsong , Chen Xiaowei , Bao Haini , Qian Danmin , Shao Yuting , Yu Hao 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesOur study aimed to inform insurance decision-making in China by investigating patients’ preferences for insurance coverage of new technologies for treating chronic diseases.DesignWe identified six attributes of new medical technologies for treating chronic diseases and used Bayesian-efficient design to generate choice sets for a discrete choice experiment (DCE). After conducting the DCE, we analysed the data by mixed logit regression to examine patient-reported preferences for each attribute.SettingThe DCE was conducted with patients in six tertiary hospitals from four cities in Jiangsu province.ParticipantsPatients aged 18 years or older with a history of diabetes or hypertension and taking medications regularly for more than 1 year were recruited (n=408).ResultsThe technology attributes regarding expected gains in health outcomes from the treatment, high likelihood of effective treatment and low incidence of serious adverse events were significant, positive predictors of choice by the study patients (p<0.01). The out-of-pocket cost was a significant, negative attribute for the entire study sample (β = −0.258, p<0.01) and for the patients with Urban-Rural Residents Basic Medical Insurance (URRBMI) (β = −0.511, p<0.01), but not for all the patients with Urban Employees Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) (β = −0.071, p>0.05). The severity of target disease was valued by patients with lower EQ-5D-5L index value as well as URRBMI enrollees.ConclusionsPatients highly valued the health benefits and risks of new technologies, which were closely linked to their feelings of disease and perceptions of health-related quality of life. However, there existed heterogeneity in preferences between URRBMI and UEBMI patients. Further efforts should be made to reduce the gap between insurance schemes and make safe and cost-effective new technologies as a priority for health insurance reimbursement.
Value of dynamic clinical and biomarker data for mortality risk prediction in COVID-19: a multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Berzuini Carlo , Hannan Cathal , King Andrew , Vail Andy , O'Leary Claire , Brough David , Galea James , Ogungbenro Kayode , Wright Megan , Pathmanaban Omar , Hulme Sharon , Allan Stuart , Bernardinelli Luisa , Patel Hiren C 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesBeing able to predict which patients with COVID-19 are going to deteriorate is important to help identify patients for clinical and research practice. Clinical prediction models play a critical role in this process, but current models are of limited value because they are typically restricted to baseline predictors and do not always use contemporary statistical methods. We sought to explore the benefits of incorporating dynamic changes in routinely measured biomarkers, non-linear effects and applying ‘state-of-the-art’ statistical methods in the development of a prognostic model to predict death in hospitalised patients with COVID-19.DesignThe data were analysed from admissions with COVID-19 to three hospital sites. Exploratory data analysis included a graphical approach to partial correlations. Dynamic biomarkers were considered up to 5 days following admission rather than depending solely on baseline or single time-point data. Marked departures from linear effects of covariates were identified by employing smoothing splines within a generalised additive modelling framework.Setting3 secondary and tertiary level centres in Greater Manchester, the UK.Participants392 hospitalised patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19.Results392 patients with a COVID-19 diagnosis were identified. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve increased from 0.73 using admission data alone to 0.75 when also considering results of baseline blood samples and to 0.83 when considering dynamic values of routinely collected markers. There was clear non-linearity in the association of age with patient outcome.ConclusionsThis study shows that clinical prediction models to predict death in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 can be improved by taking into account both non-linear effects in covariates such as age and dynamic changes in values of biomarkers.
Childhood correlates of adult positive mental well-being in three British longitudinal studies
Authors: Wood Natasha , Hardy Rebecca , Bann David , Gale Catharine , Stafford Mai 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundPrevious evidence has shown how experiences within childhood, such as parenting and socioeconomic conditions, are associated later on in life with adult mental well-being. However, these studies tend to focus on childhood experiences in isolation, and fewer studies have investigated how multiple aspects of the childhood environment, including both socioeconomic and psychosocial aspects, are associated with adult positive mental well-being. Using data from three British birth cohort studies, we investigated how prospective measures of the childhood environment up to the age of 16 years were associated with midlife adult mental well-being and whether similar associations were replicated across different generations.MethodsChildhood environment comprised socioeconomic circumstances, psychosocial factors (child-rearing and parenting, family instability) and parental health. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, a validated instrument measuring both hedonic and eudaemonic aspects of well-being, was administered in mid-life. We modelled associations between childhood environment domains and well-being.ResultsDespite changes in social context in all three studies, poorer quality parent–child relationships and poor parental mental health were strongly and independently associated with poorer adult mental well-being. Socioeconomic circumstances were also associated with adult mental well-being, but the association was weaker than for the measures of parenting or parental mental health.ConclusionThese findings confirm that parenting and parental mental health, as well as socioeconomic circumstances, are important for adult mental well-being. Interventions in early childhood aimed at reducing socioeconomic adversity and offering support to parents might be warranted, to enhance adult mental well-being later on in the life course.
Occupational factors in the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: compensation claims applications support establishing an occupational surveillance system
Authors: Marinaccio Alessandro , Boccuni Fabio , Rondinone Bruna Maria , Brusco Adelina , D'Amario Silvia , Iavicoli Sergio 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is an impacting challenge for occupational health. Epidemiological surveillance of COVID-19 includes systematic tracking and reporting of the total cases and deaths, but suitable experiences of surveillance systems for identifying the occupational risk factors involved in the COVID-19 pandemic are still missing, despite the interest for occupational safety and health.MethodsA methodological approach has been implemented in Italy to estimate the occupational risk of infection, classifying each economic sector as at low, medium-low, medium-high and high risk, based on three parameters: exposure probability, proximity index and aggregation factor. Furthermore, during the epidemic emergency, the Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority introduced the notation of COVID-19 work-related infection as an occupational injury and collected compensation claims of workers from the entire national territory.ResultsAccording to compensation claims applications, COVID-19 infection in Italy has been acquired at the workplace in a substantial portion of the total cases (19.4%). The distribution of the economic sectors involved is coherent with the activities classified at risk in the lockdown period. The economic sectors mostly involved were human health and social work activities, but occupational compensation claims also include cases in meat and poultry processing plants workers, store clerks, postal workers, pharmacists and cleaning workers.ConclusionsThere is a need to go towards an occupational surveillance system for COVID-19 cases, including an individual anamnestic analysis of the circumstances in which the infection is acquired, for the prevention of occupational infectious risk, supporting insurance system effectiveness and managing vaccination policies.
Fractional oscillator noise and its applications
Authors: Fa Kwok Sau 
Published: September 2020

It is shown that a fractional oscillator (FO) noise, which is a generalization of the ordinary overdamped linear oscillator driven by the white noise may be ‘applied to diverse systems; its stationary correlation function presentspower-law-like function, exponential-like function, exponential function, and oscillatory decays. The model may be employed to describe the fluctuation of the distance between a fluorescein–tyrosine pair within a single protein complex and the internal dynamics of a lysozyme molecule in solution. It also has the possibility of describing a Brownian particle in an oscillatory viscoelastic shear flow.
H3.3 G34W Promotes Growth and Impedes Differentiation of Osteoblast-Like Mesenchymal Progenitors in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
Authors: Khazaei Sima , De Jay Nicolas , Deshmukh Shriya , Hendrikse Liam D. , Jawhar Wajih , Chen Carol C.L. , Mikael Leonie G. , Faury Damien , Marchione Dylan M. , Lanoix Joel , Bonneil Éric , Ishii Takeaki , Jain Siddhant U. , Rossokhata Kateryna , Sihota Tianna S. , Eveleigh Robert , Lisi Véronique , Harutyunyan Ashot S. , Jung Sungmi , Karamchandani Jason , Dickson Brendan C. , Turcotte Robert , Wunder Jay S. , Thibault Pierre , Lewis Peter W. , Garcia Benjamin A. , Mack Stephen C. , Taylor Michael D. , Garzia Livia , Kleinman Claudia L. , Jabado Nada 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Glycine 34-to-tryptophan (G34W) substitutions in H3.3 arise in approximately 90% of giant cell tumor of bone (GCT). Here, we show H3.3 G34W is necessary for tumor formation. By profiling the epigenome, transcriptome, and secreted proteome of patient samples and tumor-derived cells CRISPR–Cas9-edited for H3.3 G34W, we show that H3.3K36me3 loss on mutant H3.3 alters the deposition of the repressive H3K27me3 mark from intergenic to genic regions, beyond areas of H3.3 deposition. This promotes redistribution of other chromatin marks and aberrant transcription, altering cell fate in mesenchymal progenitors and hindering differentiation. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals that H3.3 G34W stromal cells recapitulate a neoplastic trajectory from a SPP1+ osteoblast-like progenitor population toward an ACTA2+ myofibroblast-like population, which secretes extracellular matrix ligands predicted to recruit and activate osteoclasts. Our findings suggest that H3.3 G34W leads to GCT by sustaining a transformed state in osteoblast-like progenitors, which promotes neoplastic growth, pathologic recruitment of giant osteoclasts, and bone destruction.

Significance:
This study shows that H3.3 G34W drives GCT tumorigenesis through aberrant epigenetic remodeling, altering differentiation trajectories in mesenchymal progenitors. H3.3 G34W promotes in neoplastic stromal cells an osteoblast-like progenitor state that enables undue interactions with the tumor microenvironment, driving GCT pathogenesis. These epigenetic changes may be amenable to therapeutic targeting in GCT.
See related commentary by Licht, p. 1794.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1775
Anomalous Upper-Ocean Circulation of the Western Equatorial Pacific following El Niño Events
Authors: Lyu Yilong , Li Yuanlong , Wang Jianing , Duan Jing , Tang Xiaohui , Liu Chuanyu , Zhang Linlin , Ma Qiang , Wang Fan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMooring measurements at ~140°E in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean documented greatly intensified eastward subsurface currents, which largely represent the nascent Equatorial Undercurrent, to ~67 cm s−1in boreal summer of 2016. The eastward currents occupied the entire upper 500 m while the westward surface currents nearly disappeared. Historical in situ data observed similar variations after most El Niño events. Further analysis combining satellite and reanalysis data reveals that the eastward currents observed at ~140°E are a component of an anomalous counterclockwise circulation straddling the equator, with westward current anomalies retroflecting near the western boundary and feeding southeastward current anomalies along the New Guinea coast. A 1.5-layer reduced-gravity ocean model is able to crudely reproduce these variations, and a hierarchy of sensitivity experiments is performed to understand the underlying dynamics. The anomalous circulation is largely the delayed ocean response to equatorial wind anomalies over the central-to-eastern Pacific basin emerging in the mature stage of El Niño. Downwelling Rossby waves are generated by the reflection of equatorial Kelvin waves and easterly winds in the eastern Pacific. Upon reaching the western Pacific, the southern lobes of Rossby waves encounter the slanted New Guinea island and deflect to the equator, establishing a local sea surface height maximum and leading to the detour of westward currents flowing from the Pacific interior. Additional experiments with edited western boundary geometry confirm the importance of topography in regulating the structure of this cross-equatorial anomalous circulation.
A Pressure-Tight Sampler with Flexible Titanium Bag for Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Fluid Samples
Authors: Wang Xun , Wu Shi-Jun , Fang Zhen-Fang , Yang Can-Jun , Wang Shuo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper details the development and application of a novel pressure-tight sampler with a metal seal capable of acquiring high-purity fluid samples from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. The sampler has a titanium diaphragm valve for sampling and a flexible titanium foil bag to store the fluid sample. Hence, all parts of the sampler in contact with the sample are made of titanium without elastomer O-ring seals to minimize the organic carbon blank of the sampler, which makes it suitable for collecting organic samples. A pressure-tight structure was specially designed to maintain the sample at in situ pressure during the recovery of the sampler. The sampler has been successfully tested in a sea trial from November 2018 to March 2019, and pressure-tight hydrothermal fluid samples have been collected.