bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superfield component decompositions and the scan for prepotential supermultiplets in 10D superspaces
Authors: James Gates S. , Hu Yangrui , Mak S.-N. Hazel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The first complete and explicit SO(1,9) Lorentz descriptions of all component fields contained in the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2A, and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2B unconstrained scalar 10D superfields are presented. These are made possible by a discovery of the dependence of the superfield component expansion on the branching rules of irreducible representations in one ordinary Lie algebra into one of its Lie subalgebras. Adinkra graphs for ten dimensional superspaces are defined for the first time, whose nodes depict spin bundle representations of SO(1,9). A consequential deliverable of this advance is it provides the first explicit, in terms of component fields, examples of all the off-shell 10D Nordström SG theories relevant to string theory, without off-shell central charges that are reducible but with finite numbers of fields. An analogue of Breitenlohner’s approach is implemented to scan for superfields that contain graviton(s) and gravitino(s), which are the candidates for the superconformal prepotential superfields of 10D off-shell supergravity theories and Yang-Mills theories.
Local SU(2) × U(1) quark flavor symmetry in the RS bulk
Authors: Wojcik G. N. , Rizzo T. G. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We propose a model of quark flavor based on an additional SU(2) × U(1) local symmetry in a warped extra dimensional bulk. In contrast to other works, we break the additional gauge symmetry in the bulk via two complex scalars which acquire bulk vevs, rather than relying on brane-localized symmetry breaking. A gauge-covariant Kaluza-Klein decomposition of a theory with a bulk spontaneously broken gauge symmetry is performed, and exact expressions for the bulk profiles of all physical particles in such systems are given. The SM quark masses and mixings are then recreated using gauge-covariant bulk quark mass terms and Yukawa-like couplings to the new bulk scalars. A numerical sampling of points in the model parameter space that recreate the quark masses and mixings is performed at a KK scale of MKK = 5 TeV. We then compute the ∆F = 2 4-quark operators arising from our new flavor gauge bosons and scalars, and those arising from Kaluza-Klein modes of SM gauge bosons. By decoupling one of our bulk scalar fields to all quark fields except the right-handed up-like sector, we find that it is possible to greatly suppress tree-level contributions to the highly constrained Kaon mixing parameters. Instead, the dominant constraints on the model emerge from neutral Bd and D meson mixing. These constraints are explored with our numerical sampling of the model parameter space, and the specific contribution of the new flavor gauge bosons and scalars is discussed. We find that for a significant range of realistic flavor gauge couplings, the new gauge bosons compete with the normally dominant gluon flavor-changing currents, but flavor-changing operators emerging from the bulk scalar fields are highly suppressed. Finally, we briefly comment on flavor constraints that are independent of the flavor gauge sector arising from the $$ Z{\overline{b}}_L{b}_L $$
Z

b
¯

L

b
L

coupling and rare top decays.
Stapler-assisted stoma prolapse repair with real-time fluorescent angiography using indocyanine green
Authors: Ambe Peter C. , Kankam Joseph , Zarras Konstantinos 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStoma prolapse is an increase in the size of the stoma secondary to intussusception of the proximal bowel segment. Transverse loop colostomy is most commonly involved. Although ostomy function is rarely impaired, large prolapses may cause patients distress and impair stoma dressing. Strangulation and ischemia of the prolapsed segment have been reported as complications. Herein, we report a stapler-associated repair of a prolapsed transverse loop colostomy with real-time perfusion studies using indocyanine green.
Acetabular defect classification and management
Authors: Ghanem Mohamed , Zajonz Dirk , Heyde Christoph-Eckhard , Roth Andreas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to provide a practicable and contemporary classification system that is reliable and pragmatic with respect to perioperative evaluation, planning, scientific comparison and analysis.Material and methodsThis was a retrospective study of 160 patients who underwent acetabular revision surgery after THR due to loosening of the acetabular cup. The assessment of the acetabular defect was based on intraoperative description of the bony configuration of the acetabulum as well as on standardized preoperative planning images (pelvic overview and axial view of the hip joint). Preoperative computed tomography (CT) was carried out in individual cases.ResultsAcetabular bone defects were classified into 4 types based on whether or not a 3-point fixation of the acetabular cup within the boundaries of the acetabular cavity was possible. Minor segmental defects or cup loosening without bone loss can be treated with standard hemispherical acetabular components. Bone loss can be filled with bone grafts and/or treated by the appropriate acetabular component in order to ensure stable anchorage. When conventional revision cups are no longer suitable a custom made partial pelvic replacement can be used.ConclusionThe proposed classification mainly relies on intraoperative findings which were confirmed by preoperative imaging in 154 cases out of 160 (96.25%); however, meticulous preoperative planning based on X‑ray radiographs must be carried out. In addition, a CT scan must be performed whenever type III or type IV defects are anticipated. Compared to the existing classification systems, we can state that our classification system is practicable and pragmatic and simplifies the assessment of bone defects.
Slightly better pain relief but more frequently motor blockade with combined nerve block analgesia compared to continuous intraarticular analgesia after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Lützner Jörg , Gehring Richard , Beyer Franziska 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Pain management after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is still under debate. Continuous peripheral nerve blocks (PNB) can provide long pain relief but impair muscle function. Continuous intraarticular analgesia could result in longer pain relief than local infiltration analgesia without negative effects on muscle function. This study investigated the efficacy of pain control between PNB’s and continuous intraarticular analgesia after TKA.

Methods
A prospective randomized study on 140 patients undergoing TKA was performed. Patients received either a combination of continuous femoral nerve block, continuous sciatic nerve block and single-shot obturator nerve block (group R) or a local infiltration analgesia and a continuous intraarticular catheter with ropivacaine (group L). Primary outcome was pain measured on a numerical rating scale. Knee function, patient-reported outcome (PRO) and adverse events were assessed until 1 year after surgery.

Results
Pain at rest was lower in group R on the day of surgery (mean NRS 3.0 vs. 4.2) and the morning of postoperative day 1 (mean NRS 3.4 vs. 4.4). Motor blockade longer than postoperative day 3 occurred more often in group R compared to group L (15.3% vs. 1.5%). Pain levels, PRO and satisfaction 3-month and 1-year after surgery were similar.

Conclusion
Continuous PNB’s were slightly more effective in the first 24 h after surgery but were associated more often with motor blockade which should be avoided. It must be balanced if the small amount of better pain relief immediately after surgery justifies the risks associated with motor blockade following PNB’s.

Level of evidence
I.
Vaginal recurrence of endometrial cancer: MRI characteristics and correlation with patient outcome after salvage radiation therapy
Authors: Steiner Aida , Alban Gabriela , Cheng Teresa , Kapur Tina , Bay Camden , McLaughlin Pierre-Yves , King Martin , Tempany Clare , Lee Larissa J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate MRI characteristics in vaginal recurrence of endometrial cancer (EC) including tumor volume shrinkage during salvage radiotherapy, and to identify imaging features associated with survival.

Methods
Patients with vaginal recurrence of EC treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) followed by brachytherapy (BT), and with available pelvic MRI at two time points: baseline and/or before BT were retrospectively identified from 2004 to 2017. MRI features including recurrence location and tissue characteristics on T2- and T1-weighted images were evaluated at baseline only. Tumor volumes were measured both at baseline and pre-BT. Survival rates and associations were evaluated by Cox regression and Fisher’s exact test, respectively.

Results
Sixty-two patients with 36 baseline and 50 pre-BT pelvic MRIs were included (24/62 with both MRIs). Vaginal recurrence of EC was most commonly located in the vaginal apex (27/36, 75%). Tumors with a post-contrast enhancing peripheral rim or low T2 signal rim at baseline showed longer recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1–0.9, P < 0.05 adjusted for histology; HR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1–0.8, P < 0.05, respectively). The median tumor shrinkage at pre-BT was 69% (range 1–99%). Neither absolute tumor volumes nor volume regression at pre-BT were associated with RFS. Lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) at hysterectomy and adjuvant RT were associated with recurrence involving the distal vagina (both P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Vaginal recurrences with rim enhancement at baseline MRI predicted improved RFS, while tumor volume shrinkage at pre-BT did not. Distal vaginal recurrence was more common in patients with LVSI and adjuvant RT at EC diagnosis.
Analyzing drivers of speciation in the Southern Ocean using the sea spider species complex Colossendeis megalonyx as a test case
Authors: Dömel Jana S. , Dietz Lars , Macher Till-Hendrik , Rozenberg Andrey , Mayer Christoph , Spaak Johanna M. , Melzer Roland R. , Leese Florian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractColossendeis megalonyx Hoek, 1881 has the broadest distribution of all sea spiders in the Southern Ocean. Previous studies have detected several evolutionarily young lineages within this taxon and interpreted them as a result of allopatric speciation in a few shelf refuges during glacial maxima. However, alternative scenarios such as ecological speciation in sympatry have rarely been considered or tested. Here, we generated the most extensive genomic and morphometric data set on the C. megalonyx species complex to (i) comprehensively describe species diversity, (ii) explore intraspecific connectivity between populations located around Antarctica, and (iii) systematically test for positive selection indicative of adaptive speciation. We successfully applied a target hybrid enrichment approach and recovered all 1607 genes targeted. Phylogenomic analysis was consistent with previous findings and, moreover, increased the resolution of branching within lineages. We found specimens of phylogenetically well-separated lineages occurring in sympatry to be genetically distinct from each other and gene flow between geographically separated populations of the same lineages to be restricted. Evidence for positive selection was found for four genes associated with structural and neuronal functions. Hence, there is an indication for positive selection in the C. megalonyx species complex, yet its specific contribution to the speciation process remains to be explored further. Finally, morphometric analyses revealed multiple significant differences between lineages, but a clear separation proved difficult. Our study highlights the relevance of positive selection as a potential driver for speciation in the Southern Ocean.
Response of neovascular central serous chorioretinopathy to an extended upload of anti-VEGF agents
Authors: Schworm Benedikt , Luft Nikolaus , Keidel Leonie F. , Hagenau Felix , Kern Christoph , Herold Tina , Kortuem Karsten U. , Priglinger Siegfried G. , Siedlecki Jakob 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the anatomical and functional outcomes of an extended 6-month intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) upload in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

Methods
A retrospective database analysis was performed applying the following inclusion criteria: (1) diagnosis of CSCR, (2) diagnosis of secondary CNV, and (3) treatment of at least six consecutive injections of anti-VEGF. Outcome measures included the change of central retinal subfield thickness, remodeling of the pigment epithelium detachments, and change in visual function.

Results
Twenty-one eyes of 21 patients were included. Mean patient age was 65 ± 8.3 years, and 35% of the patients (n = 8) were female. Mean disease duration before diagnosis of CNV was 48 ± 25.3 months. Mean central retinal thickness decreased from 346 ± 61 to 257 ± 57 μm (p < 0.01) after the sixth injection while mean visual acuity improved from 0.65 ± 0.35 to 0.49 ± 0.29 (logMAR; p < 0.01). Of note, an extended upload of six as opposed to three injections yielded an additional mean central retinal thickness reduction (280 ± 46 μm vs. 257 ± 57 μm, p = 0.038). Significant CNV remodeling was observed as a decrease in pigment epithelium detachment (PED) vertical (p = 0.021) and horizontal diameter (p = 0.024) as well as PED height (p < 0.01).

Conclusion
An extended anti-VEGF upload of six consecutive injections seems to be effective in inducing CNV remodeling and fluid resorption in CNV complicating chronic CSCR.
A distributed API for coordinating AbC programs
Authors: Abd Alrahman Yehia , Garbi Giulio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCollective adaptive systems exhibit a particular notion of interaction where environmental conditions largely influence interactions. Previously, we proposed a calculus, namedAbC, to model and reason about CAS. The calculus proved to be effective by naturally modelling essential CAS features. However, the question on the tradeoff between its expressiveness and its efficiency, when implemented to program CAS applications, is to be answered. In this article, we propose an efficient and distributed coordination infrastructure forAbC. We prove its correctness, and we evaluate its performance. The main novelty of our approach is thatAbCcomponents are infrastructure agnostic. Thus the code of a component does not specify how messages are routed in the infrastructure but rather what properties a target component must satisfy. We also developed a Go API, named$$\mathcal {G}{} \textit{o}\mathcal {A}{} \textit{t}$$GoAt, and an Eclipse plugin to program in a high-level syntax which can be automatically used to generate matching Go code. We showcase our development through a non-trivial case study.
DICE-RD: an implementation of rate-related damages in the DICE model
Authors: Michaelis Peter , Wirths Heiko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA growing body of literature from the natural and the social sciences indicates that the rate of temperature increase is another key driver of total climate damages, next to the absolute increase in temperature compared to the pre-industrial level. Nonetheless, the damage functions employed in integrated assessment models that aim at studying the economics of climate change usually are based solely on the absolute temperature increase. Hence, these models neglect additional damages that will occur if the rate of temperature increase exceeds a certain threshold that overstrains the adaptive capacities of ecological and social systems. In the present paper, we implement such rate-related damages in the well-known integrated assessment model DICE-2016R. Using the resulting model variant DICE-RD, we show for several scenarios that an insufficient climate policy that ignores rate-related damages can lead to substantial economic losses.
Experience beyond the learning curve of transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) and its effect on the incidence of anastomotic leak
Authors: Caycedo-Marulanda A. , Verschoor C. P. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The most important advancement in the surgical management of rectal cancer has been the introduction of total mesorectal excision (TME). Technical limitations to approaching mid and distal lesions remain. The recently described transanal TME makes it possible to minimize some of the difficulties by improving access. Anastomotic leak is a persistent concern after colorectal surgery no matter what technique is used. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of experience on the incidence of anastomotic leak after transanal TME. Secondary endpoints were local recurrence and margin status.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted over a period of 3 years at a tertiary care center in Northern Ontario with high volume of rectal cancer patients. The initial 100 consecutive patients with rectal neoplasia who had transanal TME surgery were included. All cases were performed by a single team. The main outcome assessed was the incidence of anastomotic leak beyond a pre-determined learning curve, as previously established in the literature. For statistical analysis, associations between patient characteristics and outcomes were estimated using ordinary least squares and logistic regression.

Results
Six cases of anastomotic leak occurred over the course of the study, the last of which occurred in the 37th patient. Relative to a baseline anastomotic leak rate of 7.8%, cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis indicated that a 50% improvement in risk occurred at trial 50 of 85 patients that had an anastomosis performed. Two patients developed local recurrence during the study period. No correlation between learning curve and oncologic outcomes was identified.

Conclusions
Proficiency is likely to have a positive effect on the 30-day occurrence of anastomotic leak. Larger studies are required to explore the impact of experience on local recurrence.
Population differentiation and historical demography of the threatened snowy plover Charadrius nivosus (Cassin, 1858)
Authors: D’Urban Jackson Josephine , Bruford Michael W. , Székely Tamás , DaCosta Jeffrey M. , Sorenson Michael D. , Russo Isa-Rita M. , Maher Kathryn H. , Cruz-López Medardo , Galindo-Espinosa Daniel , Palacios Eduardo , De Sucre-Medrano Atahualpa Eduardo , Cavitt John , Pruner Raya , Morales Alcides L. , Gonzalez Oscar , Burke Terry , Küpper Clemens 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDelineating conservation units is a complex and often controversial process that is particularly challenging for highly vagile species. Here, we reassess population genetic structure and identify those populations of highest conservation value in the threatened snowy plover (Charadrius nivosus,Cassin, 1858), a partial migrant shorebird endemic to the Americas. We use four categories of genetic data—mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), microsatellites, Z-linked and autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)—to: (1) assess subspecies delineation and examine population structure (2) compare the sensitivity of the different types of genetic data to detect spatial genetic patterns, and (3) reconstruct demographic history of the populations analysed. Delineation of two traditionally recognised subspecies was broadly supported by all data. In addition, microsatellite and SNPs but not mtDNA supported the recognition of Caribbean snowy plovers (C. n. tenuirostris) and Floridian populations (easternC. n. nivosus) as distinct genetic lineage and deme, respectively. Low migration rates estimated from autosomal SNPs (m < 0.03) reflect a general paucity of exchange between genetic lineages. In contrast, we detected strong unidirectional migration (m = 0.26) from the western into the easternnivosusdeme. Within westernnivosus,we found no genetic differentiation between coastal Pacific and inland populations. The correlation between geographic and genetic distances was weak but significant for all genetic data sets. All demes showed signatures of bottlenecks occurring during the past 1000 years. We conclude that at least four snowy plover conservation units are warranted: in addition to subspeciesnivosusandoccidentalis,a third unit comprises the Caribbeantenuirostrislineage and a fourth unit the distinct easternnivosusdeme.
Unraveling Molecular Mechanisms of THAP1 Missense Mutations in DYT6 Dystonia
Authors: Cheng Fubo , Walter Michael , Wassouf Zinah , Hentrich Thomas , Casadei Nicolas , Schulze-Hentrich Julia , Barbuti Peter , Krueger Rejko , Riess Olaf , Grundmann-Hauser Kathrin , Ott Thomas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMutations in THAP1 (THAP domain-containing apoptosis-associated protein 1) are responsible for DYT6 dystonia. Until now, more than eighty different mutations in THAP1 gene have been found in patients with primary dystonia, and two third of them are missense mutations. The potential pathogeneses of these missense mutations in human are largely elusive. In the present study, we generated stable transfected human neuronal cell lines expressing wild-type or mutated THAP1 proteins found in DYT6 patients. Transcriptional profiling using microarrays revealed a set of 28 common genes dysregulated in two mutated THAP1 (S21T and F81L) overexpression cell lines suggesting a common mechanism of these mutations. ChIP-seq showed that THAP1 can bind to the promoter of one of these genes, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). Overexpression of THAP1 in SK-N-AS cells resulted in increased SOD2 protein expression, whereas fibroblasts from THAP1 patients have less SOD2 expression, which indicates that SOD2 is a direct target gene of THAP1. In addition, we show that some THAP1 mutations (C54Y and F81L) decrease the protein stability which might also be responsible for altered transcription regulation due to dosage insufficiency. Taking together, the current study showed different potential pathogenic mechanisms of THAP1 mutations which lead to the same consequence of DYT6 dystonia.
The effects of diagenesis on the petrophysical and geochemical attributes of the Asmari Formation, Marun oil field, southwest Iran
Authors: Jafari J. , Mahboubi A. , Moussavi-Harami R. , Al-Aasm I. S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe distribution of good reservoir quality and its causes is the main challenges in carbonate reservoir characterization. This study investigates the effects of diagenetic processes on the reservoir quality of the carbonate successions of the Asmari Formation, in the Marun oil field, southwest Iran. The study applies an integrated approach including core petrography, petrophysical rock typing, stable carbon and oxygen isotopes as well as major and trace elements analyses. Petrographic studies and geochemical analyses express that the Asmari limestones have been affected mainly by compaction, dissolution, recrystallization, calcite and anhydrite cementation and dolomitization. Among those diagenetic overprints, dolomitization and dissolution played an important role to enhance the reservoir quality of the formation. Moreover, four types of dolomites were recognized and the rate of dolomitization increases toward the top of the Asmari carbonate successions. Possible models for dolomitization include mixing zone, brine reflux, seepage reflux and tidal pumping of seawater. Employing Flow Zone Index and Discrete Rock Type concepts led to classification of the Asmari reservoir into seven reservoir rock types. Integrating reservoir rock typing with petrographic studies and geochemical analyses also confirms that reservoir quality of the Asmari Fm. would have been mainly controlled by diagenetic processes. Moreover, stable isotopes, trace elements and facies analyses support the idea that carbonate intervals of the Asmari Formation were deposited in a warm, shallow-water environment under a saline condition.