bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perforator‐based propeller flaps for reconstruction of massive anterolateral thigh donor site wounds
Authors: Hudson Caroline S. , Huang Andrew T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundWide anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap donor site defects may make primary closure difficult or impossible, with split thickness skin grafting and/or negative pressure therapy often used instead. Here, we describe a technique using propeller flaps based on varying thigh perforating vasculature in donor site reconstruction for these larger deformities.MethodsCase seriesResultsThree patients are described that had perforator‐based propeller flap reconstruction of large ALT donor site wounds that were not amenable to primary closure. Two propeller flaps were supplied by perforators of the transverse branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and one by a perforator of the deep femoral system. One patient experienced partial loss of the propeller flap, but completely healed with local wound care.ConclusionThe propeller flap is a safe method to reconstruct large ALT donor sites not amenable to primary closure.
Staying smoke‐free: Factors associated with nonsmoking among urban Aboriginal adolescents in the Study of Environment on Aboriginal Resilience and Child Health (SEARCH)
Authors: Heris Christina , Thurber Katherine A , Wright Darryl , Thomas David , Chamberlain Catherine , Gubhaju Lina , Sherriff Simone , McNamara Bridgette , Banks Emily , Smith Natalie , Eades Sandra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIssue addressedTo examine the factors associated with preventing regular smoking among Aboriginal adolescents.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis of data from 106 Aboriginal adolescents aged 12‐17 years, and their caregivers, from four Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services in urban New South Wales, 2008‐2012. The relation of individual, social, environmental and cultural factors to having ‘never’ smoked tobacco regularly was examined using Poisson regression.ResultsOverall, 83% of adolescents had never smoked regularly; 13 reported current and five past smoking. Most lived in smoke‐free homes (60%) despite 75% reporting at least one current smoker caregiver. Participants were significantly more likely to have never smoked regularly if they had good mental health (PR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1‐1.9), their mother as their primary caregiver (1.3, 1.0‐1.6), good family relationships (1.2, 1.0‐1.5), stable housing (1.3, 1.1‐1.7), had never used alcohol (1.8, 1.3‐2.4), were not sexually active (3.1, 1.3‐ 7.2) and had no criminal justice interactions (1.8, 1.2‐2.8).ConclusionsMost participants lived in smoke‐free homes and the vast majority had never smoked regularly. Promoting good mental health and strengthening social connections may be protective against smoking as those experiencing less social disruption were more likely to have never smoked regularly. Smoking may be an indicator of psychosocial conditions and a prompt for screening and simultaneous treatment.So what?Organisations should be resourced to deliver holistic adolescent health promotion programs. Programs and policies should support positive family relationships and stable housing as this may protect against the uptake of regular smoking.
Informant discrepancies in the rating of Chinese preschoolers' approaches to learning: Looking for the role of parent–teacher relationships
Authors: Ren Lixin , Fan Jieqiong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRatings from multiple informants, such as parents and teachers, are often used in child development research. Although informant discrepancies have been the rule rather than the exception, factors that may contribute to such discrepancies are not well understood. This study examined the role of parent–teacher relationships in the discrepancies between parents' and teachers' ratings of approaches to learning in Chinese preschoolers. Data were collected from the parents and teachers of 354 Chinese children (Mage = 5.26 years). Discrepancies between parents' and teachers' ratings were analysed, and poor agreement was found. Better parent–teacher relationships slightly contributed to smaller parent–teacher discrepancies on ratings of children's attention/persistence and competence motivation. The findings suggest that strategies promoting parent–teacher relationships may improve the consistency between parents' and teachers' view on children's learning behaviours to some degree. The observed discrepancies also imply that multi‐informant ratings are imperative to achieve comprehensive understandings of children's behaviour.
This study examined the role of parent–teacher relationships in cross‐informant discrepancies on ratings of Chinese preschoolers' approaches to learning.
Remarkable discrepancies were found between parents' and teachers' ratings. Better parent–teacher relationships were related to smaller discrepancies.
Improving parent–teacher relationships can help families and schools achieve a more congruent perception of young children's learning behaviours.
Chronic toxicity of 50 metals to Ceriodaphnia dubia
Authors: Okamoto Akira , Masunaga Shigeki , Tatarazako Norihisa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMetals are essential elements for human life but may cause disorders when exposure is excessive. Previously, we reported on the acute toxicity of 50 metals; however, the chronic toxicity data of some metals are not available. Therefore, we conducted chronic toxicity tests to determine the effects of 50 metals on the water flea, Ceriodaphnia dubia. The IC20 of 20 metals (Be, Sc, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Ru, Ag, Cd, In, Te, W, Os, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl and Pb) were <100 μg/L; nine metals (Al, V, As, Se, Zr, Nb, Rh, Sb and Bi) were 100 ≤ IC20 < 1000 μg/L; 16 metals (Li, Mg, K, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ga, Ge, Rb, Sr, Mo, Sn, Cs, Ba, Re and Ir) were 1000 ≤ IC20 ≤ 100 000 μg/L; and two metals (Na and Ca) were >100 000 μg/L. Three metals (Pd, Hf and Ta) did not show IC20 at the upper limit of respective aqueous solubility, and IC20s were not obtained. The maximum test concentrations (almost aqueous solubility) of Pd, Hf and Ta were 83, 2400 and 5.3 μg/L, respectively. These data show the high correlation between our IC50s for C. dubia and those for Dahpnia magna published previously. The IC50s of 47 metals were not correlated with electronegativity, first ionization energy, atomic weight, atomic number, covalent radius, atomic radius or ionic radius.
High levels of modified ceramides are a defining feature of murine and human cancer cachexia
Authors: Morigny Pauline , Zuber Julia , Haid Mark , Kaltenecker Doris , Riols Fabien , Lima Joanna D.C. , Simoes Estefania , Otoch José Pinhata , Schmidt Sören Fisker , Herzig Stephan , Adamski Jerzy , Seelaender Marilia , Berriel Diaz Mauricio , Rohm Maria 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCancer cachexia (CCx) is a multifactorial energy‐wasting syndrome reducing the efficiency of anti‐cancer therapies, quality of life, and survival of cancer patients. In the past years, most studies focused on the identification of tumour and host‐derived proteins contributing to CCx. However, there is still a lack of studies addressing the changes in bioactive lipids. The aim of this study was to identify specific lipid species as a hallmark of CCx by performing a broad range lipid analysis of plasma from well‐established CCx mouse models as well as cachectic and weight stable cancer patients.MethodsPlasma from non‐cachectic (PBS‐injected mice, NC26 tumour‐bearing mice), pre‐cachectic and cachectic mice (C26 and LLC tumour‐bearing mice, ApcMin/+ mutant mice), and plasma from weight stable and cachectic patients with gastrointestinal cancer, were analysed using the Lipidyzer™ platform. In total, 13 lipid classes and more than 1100 lipid species, including sphingolipids, neutral and polar glycerolipids, were covered by the analysis. Correlation analysis between specific lipid species and readouts of CCx were performed. Lipidomics data were confirmed by gene expression analysis of metabolic organs to analyse enzymes involved in sphingolipid synthesis and degradation.ResultsA decrease in several lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) species and an increase in numerous sphingolipids including sphingomyelins (SMs), ceramides (CERs), hexosyl‐ceramides (HCERs) and lactosyl‐ceramides (LCERs), were mutual features of CCx in both mice and cancer patients. Notably, sphingolipid levels gradually increased during cachexia development. Key enzymes involved in ceramide synthesis were elevated in liver but not in adipose, muscle, or tumour tissues, suggesting that ceramide turnover in the liver is a major contributor to elevated sphingolipid levels in CCx. LPC(16:1), LPC(20:3), SM(16:0), SM(24:1), CER(16:0), CER(24:1), HCER(16:0), and HCER(24:1) were the most consistently affected lipid species between mice and humans and correlated negatively (LPCs) or positively (SMs, CERs and HCERs) with the severity of body weight loss.ConclusionsHigh levels of sphingolipids, specifically ceramides and modified ceramides, are a defining feature of murine and human CCx and may contribute to tissue wasting and skeletal muscle atrophy through the inhibition of anabolic signals. The progressive increase in sphingolipids during cachexia development supports their potential as early biomarkers for CCx.
Gait mechanics are influenced by quadriceps strength, age, and sex after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Christensen Jesse C. , Capin Jacob J. , Hinrichs Lauren A. , Aljehani Moiyad , Stevens‐Lapsley Jennifer E. , Zeni Joseph A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough most patients are satisfied with outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), many retain preoperative altered gait mechanics. Identifying patient characteristics associated with gait mechanics will improve rehabilitation strategies and enhance our understanding of movement disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify which patient characteristics are related to gait mechanics in the surgical limb during walking post‐TKA. Patient characteristics included age, body mass, sex, quadriceps strength, self‐reported function, and knee pain. General linear regression was used to compare patient characteristics associated with gait mechanics, after controlling for gait speed, functional capacity and time from surgery. We tested 191 patients cross‐sectionally at 6–24 months after primary, unilateral TKA. Quadriceps weakness in the surgical limb was associated with less peak vertical ground reaction force (PvGRF) (β = .245, p = .044), knee extension moment (β = .283, p = .049), and knee extension excursion (β = .298, p = .038). Older age (β = .168, p = .050) was associated with less PvGRF. Quadriceps strength in the nonsurgical limb (β = −.357, p = .021) was associated with greater knee extension excursion in the surgical limb. Females with TKA (β = −.276, p = .007) had less knee flexion excursion compared to males. Faster gait speed was also associated with greater PvGRF (β = .585, p < .001), knee extensor moment (β = .481, p < .001), and knee flexion excursion (β = .318, p < .001). Statement of Clinical Significance: This study showed quadriceps weakness, slower gait speed, older age and being female were related to altered gait mechanics post‐TKA. These findings will help clinicians better educate patients and develop targeted interventions for improving care in patients post‐TKA.
Relationship of Patent Ductus Arteriosus Echocardiographic Markers With Descending Aorta Diastolic Flow
Authors: Martins Fernando de Freitas , Bassani Diego G. , Rios Daniel Ibarra , Resende Maura Helena F. , Weisz Dany , Jain Amish , Lopes Jose Maria de Andrade , McNamara Patrick J. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo characterize the relationship of echocardiographic markers of left heart overload and flow in peripheral major end‐organ vessels (eg, celiac artery) with the presence of reversed holodiastolic flow in the descending aorta, considered a surrogate marker of an increased transductal shunt volume, in preterm patients with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).MethodsThis work was a retrospective study of data from echocardiography performed to investigate the hemodynamic significance of a PDA in preterm patients. We studied differences in echocardiographic markers of the PDA shunt volume according to patterns of flow in the postductal descending aorta (no PDA, PDA with antegrade diastolic flow, and PDA with reversed diastolic flow). The strength of the association between each echocardiographic marker and the presence of aortic holodiastolic flow reversal was investigated.ResultsWe studied 137 patients with a median (interquartile range) birth weight of 850 (694–1030) g and a median gestational age of 25 (24–27) weeks. Among patients with a PDA (113), those with diastolic flow reversal in the descending aorta (44) presented had increased echocardiographic markers representative of the shunt volume (increased left ventricular output, left atrial‐to‐aortic ratio, pulmonary vein D wave, and shorter isovolumic relaxation time) compared to those with aortic antegrade diastolic flow. A positive, albeit weak, correlation between diastolic flow reversal and shunt volume echocardiographic markers was found. Abnormal diastolic flow in the celiac artery had the strongest correlation (R2 = 0.24).ConclusionsIn preterm patients with a PDA, echocardiographic markers of the shunt volume were more abnormal in patients with reversed diastolic flow in the descending aorta. These data support the assumption that variance in these markers are related to the shunt volume, which needs consideration when adjudicating hemodynamic significance.
Poly(L‐Glutamic Acid)‐Drug Conjugates for Chemo‐ and Photodynamic Combination Therapy
Authors: Yu Haiyang , Bao Yanli , Xu Caina , Chen Li , Tang Zhaohui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite the polymeric vascular disrupting agent (poly(L‐glutamic acid)‐graft‐methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)/combretastatin A4) nanoparticles can efficiently inhibit cancer growth, their further application is still a challenge owing to the tumor recurrence and metastasis after treatment. In this study, two poly(L‐glutamic acid)‐drug conjugates for chemo‐and photodynamic combination therapy are fabricated. PLG‐g‐mPEG‐CA4 nanoparticles are prepared by combretastatin A4 (CA4) and poly(L‐glutamic acid)‐graft‐methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (PLG‐g‐mPEG) using the Yamaguchi esterification reaction. PLG‐g‐mPEG‐TPP (TPP: 5, 10, 15, 20‐tetraphenylporphyrin) nanoparticles are constructed using PLG‐g‐mPEG and amine porphyrin through condensation reaction between carboxyl group of PLG‐g‐mPEG and amino group of porphyrin. The results showed that PLG‐g‐mPEG‐CA4 nanoparticles have good antitumor ability. PLG‐g‐mPEG‐TPP nanoparticles can produce singlet oxygen under the laser irradiation. Moreover, the combined therapy of PLG‐g‐mPEG‐CA4 and PLG‐g‐mPEG‐TPP nanoparticles has higher antitumor effect than the single chemotherapy or the single photodynamic therapy in vitro. The combination of CA4 nondrug and photodynamic therapy provides a new insight for enhancing the tumor therapeutic effect with vascular disrupting agents and other therapy.
Polymer Grafting of Boron Nitride Nanosheets via Reduction Chemistry and Their Reinforcement for Polymeric Composite
Authors: He Zhiyan , Zhao Jian , Guo Fuhai , Zhang Deli , Guo Hongge , Hu Haiqing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCovalent functionalization of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) is very challenging because of their surface inactivity. In this work, a simple reductive activation method is reported to covalently decorate BNNSs with polymers. BNNSs are initially negatively charged through effective reductive treatment and subsequently reacted with bromine‐terminated poly(methyl methacrylate) chains bearing different molecular weights to obtain a series of polymer‐grafted BNNSs, which greatly enhances their compatibility and dispersibility within acetone. With the increase of the molecular weight, grafting ratio and the density of grafted chains on BNNS surfaces show decreasing trends due to steric hinderance. Addition of functionalized BNNSs at a low filler content significantly improves reinforcement performance for polymer composites. The functionalization via the reduction treatment represents a novel and versatile route to anchor a range of functionalized species to manipulate surface chemistry toward the production of functional BNNSs for broad applications.
Social media influencers: A route to brand engagement for their followers
Authors: Delbaere Marjorie , Michael Brittany , Phillips Barbara J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSocial Media Influencers (SMIs) are micro‐celebrities with large followings on social media platforms who engage consumers and hold the potential to promote customer‐brand relationships across different product categories. SMIs have an existing relationship of trust with consumers, and consumers seek out the content created by SMIs for valuable information and advice. This study explores the process of brand engagement between consumers and brands in the digital content marketing environment, specifically examining the research question: Do SMIs act as a route to brand engagement for their followers? The context for this study is the beauty community on YouTube; over 60,000 user comments were analyzed through automated text analysis. This study is among the first to provide empirical evidence that SMIs do act as a route to brand engagement through the three dimensions of cognitive processing, affection and activation.
Influence of tilting effect on charge structure and lightning flash density in two different convective environments
Authors: Gharaylou Maryam , Pegahfar Nafiseh , Farahani Majid M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe influence of the tilting effect on charge density and lightning flash density was investigated using idealized Weather Research and Forecasting explicit charging/discharge module (WRF‐ELEC) simulations for two thunderclouds. No shear (NS) and with shear (WS) simulations were conducted based on different values of wind velocity components in input sounding. Results from the NS and WS simulations show that the tilting effect extended the lifetime of the simulated convective clouds in both case studies, while leading to higher maximum vertical velocity only for the environment with intense convection. The ice and graupel in the cloud cell appear almost simultaneously in both the NS and WS simulations for the two case studies, but larger values are obtained for the WS simulations. It is noted that the increase of convection intensity postpones the larger values to the mature stage. The tilting effect results in an increase of total non‐inductive charging, especially in a severe thundercloud. Moreover, the tilting effect does not lead to the same results for the polarity and intensity of charge density in the two studied cases. In the real case study, a dipolar charge structure was seen for both NS and WS simulations, but the intensity of charge density decreased with regard to the tilting effect. In contrast, the intensity of the charge increased with the tilting effect and resulted in tripolarity in the idealized case with a high value of convective available potential energy. Finally, considering the tilting effect leads to an increase of the number of lightning occurrences in the two case studies.
A parameter‐uniform scheme for the parabolic singularly perturbed problem with a delay in time
Authors: Kumar Devendra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a parameter‐uniform numerical scheme for the solution of singularly perturbed parabolic convection–diffusion problems with a delay in time defined on a rectangular domain is suggested. The presence of the small diffusion parameterϵleads to a parabolic right boundary layer. A collocation method consisting of cubicB‐spline basis functions on an appropriate piecewise‐uniform mesh is used to discretize the system of ordinary differential equations obtained by using Rothe's method on an equidistant mesh in the temporal direction. The parameter‐uniform convergence of the method is shown by establishing the theoretical error bounds. The numerical results of the test problems validate the theoretical error bounds.
The burden of respiratory syncytial virus infections among children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Rostad Christina A. , Maillis Alexander N. , Lai Kristina , Bakshi Nitya , Jerris Robert C. , Lane Peter A. , Yee Marianne E. , Yildirim Inci 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of pediatric lower respiratory tract infections, the burden of RSV in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) is unknown.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, nested, case‐control study of children with SCD <18 years who had respiratory viral panels (RVPs) performed at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta from 2012 to 2019. We abstracted the medical records to describe the demographics, clinical features, and outcomes of children who tested positive for RSV (cases) versus children who tested negative (controls). We calculated the annual incidence of RSV and related hospitalization rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and used multivariate logistic regression to evaluate associations.ResultsWe identified 3676 RVP tests performed on 2636 patients over seven respiratory seasons resulting in 219/3676 (6.0%) RSV‐positive tests among 160/2636 (6.1%) patients. The average annual incidence of laboratory‐confirmed RSV infection among children with SCD was 34.3 (95% CI 18.7‐49.8) and 3.8 (95% CI 0.5‐7.0) cases per 1000 person‐years for those <5 years and 5‐18 years, respectively. The RSV‐related hospitalization rate for children <5 years was 20.7 (95% CI 8.5‐32.8) per 1000 person‐years. RSV‐positive cases were significantly younger than RSV‐negative patients (3.8 years vs 7.6 years, P < .001). Of RSV‐positive cases, 22 (13.8%) developed acute chest syndrome and nine (5.6%) required intensive care, which was not significantly different from RSV‐negative children with SCD.ConclusionRSV infections are common in children with SCD with higher burden in younger patients. RSV is associated with considerable morbidity, including higher rates of hospitalization compared to the general population.
Comparison of influenza type A and B with COVID‐19: A global systematic review and meta‐analysis on clinical, laboratory and radiographic findings
Authors: Pormohammad Ali , Ghorbani Saied , Khatami Alireza , Razizadeh Mohammad Hossein , Alborzi Ehsan , Zarei Mohammad , Idrovo Juan‐Pablo , Turner Raymond J. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryWe compared clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, radiographic signs and outcomes of COVID‐19 and influenza to identify unique features. Depending on the heterogeneity test, we used either random or fixed‐effect models to analyse the appropriateness of the pooled results. Overall, 540 articles included in this study; 75,164 cases of COVID‐19 (157 studies), 113,818 influenza type A (251 studies) and 9266 influenza type B patients (47 studies) were included. Runny nose, dyspnoea, sore throat and rhinorrhoea were less frequent symptoms in COVID‐19 cases (14%, 15%, 11.5% and 9.5%, respectively) in comparison to influenza type A (70%, 45.5%, 49% and 44.5%, respectively) and type B (74%, 33%, 38% and 49%, respectively). Most of the patients with COVID‐19 had abnormal chest radiology (84%, p < 0.001) in comparison to influenza type A (57%, p < 0.001) and B (33%, p < 0.001). The incubation period in COVID‐19 (6.4 days estimated) was longer than influenza type A (3.4 days). Likewise, the duration of hospitalization in COVID‐19 patients (14 days) was longer than influenza type A (6.5 days) and influenza type B (6.7 days). Case fatality rate of hospitalized patients in COVID‐19 (6.5%, p < 0.001), influenza type A (6%, p < 0.001) and influenza type B was 3%(p < 0.001). The results showed that COVID‐19 and influenza had many differences in clinical manifestations and radiographic findings. Due to the lack of effective medication or vaccine for COVID‐19, timely detection of this viral infection and distinguishing from influenza are very important.