bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Treatments of Bulk and Surface in Tin‐Lead Mixed Perovskite for Efficient All‐Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Xie Jiankai , Jin Xiaonan , Cao Jiupeng , Shu Yuting , Yan Wenjian , Han Lingui , Duan Jibiao , Wang Fangfang , Dong Jingjin , Wang Aifei , Huang Wei , Qin Tianshi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNarrow‐bandgap (NBG) perovskites have attracted significant attention for their promising potential as light‐absorbing materials in tandem solar cells. However, tin‐lead mixed perovskites face a major limitation of the facile oxidation of Sn2⁺, leading to Sn vacancies in the perovskite films. In this study, sodium triacetoxyborohydride (STAB) is introduced as an antioxidant, while potassium (5‐bromo‐2‐fluoropyridin‐3‐yl)trifluoroborate (PBFT) is employed as a surface modifier for mixed tin‐lead perovskites. This combined approach not only suppresses Sn2⁺ oxidation but also promotes the formation of high‐quality perovskite films. Furthermore, the induced energy band bending at the perovskite/C60 interface substantially enhances charge transfer. Consequently, the optimized device achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.41% with excellent illumination stability. When paired with a wide‐bandgap (WBG) semi‐transparent perovskite solar cell (PSC), the resulting four‐terminal (4‐T) all‐perovskite tandem solar cell attains a remarkable efficiency of 27.37%.
Bacterial Microenvironment‐Responsive Microneedle Patches for Real‐Time Monitoring and Synergistic Eradication of Infection
Authors: Xu Yigang , Zhang Di , Kang Xiaoying , Zhang Pengcheng , Chen Ting , Li Yi , Wu Huifan , Qi Ji , Li Xueping , Bing Wei , Li Wen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBacterial infection stands as one of the biggest threats to public health. In recent years, the rise of diverse drug‐resistant bacteria has significantly compromised the efficacy of existing antibiotics in eradicating them, and the formation of biofilms has further weakened the treatment effect. In this study, a pH‐responsive photodynamic probe, TI, is developed and assembled with a ROS‐reactive carbon monoxide (CO) donor, and then encapsulated within a HA‐based microneedle patch, ultimately creating the theranostic microneedle platform. The microneedle structure enhances the mechanical penetration of both the molecular probe and CO donor into the biofilm at the site of wound infection. When encountering the acidic microenvironment of the wound, TI undergoes dynamic molecular structural changes, resulting in a notable near‐infrared fluorescent output for detecting infections and assessing their severity. Concurrently, the nanoprobes unleash their ROS‐generating potential, which can not only directly eliminate bacteria through oxidative damage, but also trigger the release of CO for adjunct gas therapy. Overall, the integrated diagnostic and therapeutic microneedle platform provides a promising approach to addressing wound infections, and alleviating the challenges posed by antibiotic resistance, offering significant hope in the realm of infection care management.
Positive Magneto‐Electric Couplings in Epitaxial Multiferroic SrMnO3 Thin Film
Authors: Mandal Arup Kumar , Chowdhury Sourav , Parate Shubham Kumar , Surampalli Akash , Rawat Ritu , Biswas Kartick , Mondal Suryakanta , Nukala Pavan , Phase D. M. , Choudhary R. J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study demonstrates the magneto‐dielectric (MD) properties of high quality epitaxially strain multiferroic SrMnO3 thin film on conducting Nb doped SrTiO3 substrate. The study observes considerable high positive MD coupling near room temperature and across the anti‐ferromagnetic transition temperature of SrMnO3. The dielectric maxima of the grown film is above room temperature, which confirms the room temperature ferroelectric nature of the grown film. From out‐of‐plan polarization and PUND (Positive Up Negative Down) measurements in the presence of magnetic field, it is confirmed that the polarization value of grown SrMnO3 thin film increases with an increase in magnetic field. In this study, the oxygen off‐stoichiometry concentration is also varied by varying oxygen partial pressure during deposition and is able to create Mn4+, Mn3+, and Mn2+ in the grown films. Despite having mixed Mn states, SrMnO3 thin films remain in the insulating phase. So, the insulating nature of SrMnO3 thin film is robust with respect to oxygen off‐stoichiometry and vacancy/substrate induced strain mediated change in the crystal field. The study has also demonstrated the variation of MD in SrMnO3 thin film by change in oxygen vacancy induced modification in crystal field.
Bioinspired Ionic Elastomer with Skin‐Like Piezo‐Ionic Dynamics Enabled by a Self‐Confined Multi‐Interaction Network
Authors: Fang Zhiyue , Wang Lei , Liang Cuiyuan , Qiu Jinhua , Zhang Tongye , Xu Donghua , Qi Dianpeng , Luan Shifang , Shi Hengchong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSoft ionic elastomers have attracted considerable research interest in mimicking the multiple functions of human skin. However, these ionic elastomers struggle to simultaneously achieve controllable ion dynamics and other essential performance, such as self‐healing ability and appropriate mechanical robustness. Herein, bioinspired by Piezo proteins and integrins in human skin, thioctic acid (TA)‐derived ionic elastomers with skin‐like piezo‐ionic dynamics are fabricated via a multi‐confined interaction network. This bionic network is constructed by introducing a diene comonomer and lithium salt filler into polysulfides (poly (TA)), generating many dynamic interactions (various hydrogen bonds and lithium bonds). These dynamic interactions can bind ions to the polysulfides and be destroyed under external pressure stimulation, achieving controllable ion pumping behavior. This unique design concept enables these ionic elastomers to selectively respond to pressure (the optimal sample exhibits 152 times signal intensity with a sensitivity of 49.53‐1.13 kPa−1), along with leak prevention, recyclability, and degradability. Besides, these interactions also serve as sacrificial bonds and self‐healing sites to synergistically enhance all aspects of performance, yielding a high modulus of 2.47 MPa and outstanding self‐healing efficiency of 98%. It is believed that this work could create a new approach for utilizing sustainable materials in next‐generation “green” flexible sensors.
Recent Progress for Designing of Catalysts for Photothermal Conversion of Plastic Wastes
Authors: He Dongpo , Huang Guangbing , Zhou Ziyao , Hu Qinyuan , Ding Jinyu , Wu Jiacong , Li Mengqian , Ruan Xiaowen , Jiao Xingchen , Xie Yi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the context of the global struggle against plastics, catalytic upgrading and recycling of plastics has been the subject of considerable attention as a powerful strategy for achieving both environmental remediation and value‐added chemical production. Compared with conventional recycling methods, the emerging photothermal catalysis methodology integrates photochemical and thermal catalytic processes, which outstands with features of high conversion efficiency and mild reaction conditions. Herein, a comprehensive review for the recent research progress of photothermal conversion of plastic waste is presented. First, the types of photothermal catalysts for plastic upcycling are classified into three categories, metallic materials, semiconductor materials, and carbon‐based materials, based on the photothermal conversion mechanism. Their potential mechanisms as powerful photothermal converters and future directions in photothermal conversion of plastics are highlighted. Furthermore, the logical structural design of photothermal catalytic materials are summarized to enhance photothermal performance in plastic conversion. Finally, future opportunities and challenges in this promising but nascent field are discussed, and future research directions for photothermal conversion of plastics are presented.
A Pomegranate‐Like Nanolayer Featuring A Core‐Shell Architectural Design for Thermal‐Mechanical‐Electromagnetic Responses and Sensor
Authors: Fan Xiao‐Xuan , Zhang Min , Zhang Xin‐Ci , Li Lin , Cao Mao‐Sheng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMultifunctional electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials are attracting attention because of their potential applications in medical, livelihood, and military. In this study, a pomegranate‐like nanolayer featuring a core‐shell architecture (PNCS) is prepared using a confinement strategy. Introducing metal atoms into this unique pomegranate‐like design (M‐PNCS, M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) effectively tuned the electromagnetic response and improved the electromagnetic functions. The Mn‐PNCS composite exhibited the highest electromagnetic absorption. Its reflection loss (RL) reached −62.39 dB with an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) at 1.8 mm of 6.0 GHz. As the charge transport capacity of the Mn‐PNCS increases, its absorption can be transformed into shielding, with a green shielding index of up to 3.54. On this basis, Mn‐PNCS is used to fabricate a multifunctional film and a new design of strain sensor. This multifunctional film integrated electromagnetic absorption, thermal insulation, hydrophobicity, flexibility, and sensing, thus showing potential for use in wearable electromagnetic protective clothing. In addition, the sensors in the simulation design achieved strain sensing through the coupling effect between the Mn‐PNCS patterns. These findings demonstrate that Mn‐PNCS is an excellent multifunctional material with potential applications in the technical fields of EMW absorption, electromagnetic shielding, and wearable devices.
Mechanism of Hot‐Carrier Photoluminescence in Sn‐Based Perovskites
Authors: Tekelenburg Eelco K. , Camargo Franco V. A. , Filippetti Alessio , Mattoni Alessandro , van de Ven Larissa J. M. , Pitaro Matteo , Cerullo Giulio , Loi Maria A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMetal halide perovskites have shown exceptionally slow hot‐carrier cooling, which has been attributed to various physical mechanisms without reaching a consensus. Here, experiment and theory are combined to unveil the carrier cooling process in formamidinium (FA) and caesium (Cs) tin triiodide thin films. Through impulsive vibrational spectroscopy and molecular dynamics, much shorter phonon dephasing times of the hybrid perovskite, which accounts for the larger blueshift in the photoluminescence seen at high excitation density for FASnI3 compared to CsSnI3 is reported. Density functional theory investigations reveal that the largest contribution to the blueshift is accounted by a giant, dynamic band‐filling effect in Sn‐based perovskites, which in turn can explain the cooling disparity with the Pb‐based counterparts. Several years after the first experimental observations, here a deeper understanding of the cooling mechanism of these materials is provided. Design principles for hot‐carrier materials, which may be useful for future implementations of hot‐carrier solar cells are further provided.
Spatiotemporal Nano‐Regulator Unleashes Anti‐Tumor Immunity by Overcoming Dendritic Cell Tolerance and T Cell Exhaustion in Tumor‐Draining Lymph Nodes
Authors: Wang Ruonan , Li Huixin , He Shasha , Feng Yuanji , Liu Cong , Hao Kai , Zhou Danhua , Chen Xiaoyuan , Tian Huayu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLymph nodes are crucial immune foci as the primary target for cancer immunotherapy. However, the anti‐tumor functions of tumor‐draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) are critically suppressed by tumors. Here, a novel spatiotemporal nano‐regulator is presented, designed to modulate the dendritic cells (DCs) in TDLNs, establishing a supportive niche for immune surveillance. The DC‐mediated nano‐regulator (DNR) is established by the self‐assembly of an imidazoquinoline (IMDQ) prodrug, inhibitory immune checkpoint (ICP) siRNA, and mannan (a TLR4 agonist). This unique design leverages the spatiotemporal activation of TLR4 and TLR7/8, thereby optimizing DC maturation and cytokine production. This further promotes efficient T cell priming. Simultaneously, the ICP‐targeting siRNA mitigates the tolerogenic effects induced by tumor‐derived factors and TLR activation, preventing T cell exhaustion. In essence, DNR facilitates potent remodeling of TDLNs and the tumor microenvironment, activating the anti‐tumor immunity cascade. When combined with vaccines, DNR greatly promotes tumor regression and the establishment of long‐term immunological memory.
The Role of Silicon Technology in Organ‐On‐Chip: Current Status and Future Perspective
Authors: Skottvoll Frøydis Sved , Escobedo‐Cousin Enrique , Mielnik Michal Marek 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOrgan‐on‐chip (OoC) systems are microfluidic in vitro platforms constructed to expand the current understanding of organ‐level physiology and response. This technology holds significant potential to transform drug discovery, precision medicine, and disease modeling while reducing animal model use. Recent developments in OoC technology have shown great promise, demonstrated using relatively simple microfluidic designs. Currently, the consensus in the OoC‐related literature is that the future of OoC technology lies in the development of robust platforms that offer higher throughput, improved customization, and higher levels of integration of sensing and actuation modalities. The implementation of silicon micro‐nanofabrication technologies can foster such a transition, but the application in the field remains limited. In this review, an overview of silicon micro‐nanofabrication technologies is provided that have been or can be applied in the realization of compact OoC systems, with focus on integrated actuation and sensing modalities. Emerging technologies are highlighted for the heterogeneous integration of silicon‐based and polymer‐based components in OoC systems for the realization of compact and multimodal OoC platforms. Finally, the most promising avenues are outlined for silicon technology within the framework of OoC and the future of biomedical research and personalized medicine.
Non‐Invasive Ammonia Detection on Cancer Cell Surfaces Using Liquid Crystal Elastomer
Authors: Khan Mashooq , Li Weiwei , Hu Qiongzheng , Lin Jin‐Ming , Lin Ling 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDelving into the intricate world of cancer cells requires a profound understanding of the signaling molecules released from the cells. In this contribution, ammonia (NH3) is monitored, a small signaling molecule and potential cancer biomarker, on the cell surfaces through liquid crystal elastomer microspheres (LCEM) at the single‐cell level. The LCEM are synthesized from molecular building blocks, 7‐octenoic acid (7OAc) and 2‐methyl‐1,4‐phenylene bis(4‐((acryloyloxy)hexyl)oxy) benzoate (RM82) and adorned on the surfaces of healthy human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and cancerous, human primary glioblastoma (U87), human colon carcinoma (CaCo‐2), and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) cells, cultured within microfluidic channels. The ethereal release of NH3 from living cells is monitored through a radial‐to‐concentric transfiguration of LCEM. The cellular heterogeneity among cancerous cell populations is unraveled by mapping the LCEM morphology on 100 cells of each cell line. The LCEM paves the way for designing probes that offer selective, simplistic, and label‐free monitoring of the biochemical processes unfurling on the surfaces of living cells, which are challenging to measure through other analytical techniques.
Microfabrication of Organic Electrochemical Transistors for High‐Performance Integrated Bioelectronics
Authors: Frusconi Giulia , Kovács‐Vajna Zsolt M. , Blom Paul W. M. , Gkoupidenis Paschalis , Torricelli Fabrizio 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn bioelectronics, organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are pivotal in bridging electronic devices and biological systems, especially in sensing, neuromorphic interfacing, and biological monitoring. Current OECT fabrication methods face challenges due to conductive polymers incompatibility with photoresist solvents and the complexity of multi‐step parylene‐C coatings. This work introduces a scalable photolithographic fabrication process for high‐performance OECTs using the prototypical conductive polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The method employs a two‐layer photoresist approach with controlled cross‐linking, incorporating (3‐glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane to pattern polymeric channel and encapsulate electrodes. This process yields high‐performance OECTs with highly reproducible characteristics, typical ON/OFF current modulation of 5 103, and transconductance normalized to channel thickness > 200 S cm−1. To avoid cytotoxic Ag/AgCl pellets, the impact of scaling polarizable gates is analyzed on device performance, including bare Au, protein‐functionalized, and PEDOT:PSS gates. The analysis provides design rules to tailor OECT performance for diverse applications. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated by integrating OECTs with polarizable gates in current‐driven circuit configuration, allowing ion detection at a supply voltage as low as 0.4 V with a sensitivity of up to 2620 mV dec−1, the highest ever reported. These advancements open opportunities for next‐generation integrated bioelectronics and neuromorphic biosensing.
Organ‐On‐A‐Chip Platforms Created Through Buckled Microchannels of Porous Hydrogel Films
Authors: Takahashi Riku , Tanaka Aya , Saito Tomoki , Ohashi Shinya , Muto Manabu , Yamaguchi Masumi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHydrogel‐based microchannels with biologically similar morphologies and properties can provide excellent platforms for advanced tissue/organ formation in vitro. However, there are still many restrictions on channel morphology, material selection, tubing connections, etc. Here, a novel and versatile method is proposed that couples cononsolvency photopolymerization, which enables the incorporation of porous structures into hydrogels, with on‐chip microchannels formed by buckling of a thin film. This method provides a hydrogel‐based microchannel with improved permeability while maintaining its mechanical properties by incorporating a continuous porous structure into a synthetic polymer network with excellent mechanical properties. Furthermore, by culturing vascular endothelial cells into the microchannel, it is demonstrated that the microchannel works as a vessel‐on‐a‐chip platform that can be used for the evaluation of barrier function, fabrication of various channel shapes, and development of co‐culture systems. This method, which can be adapted to various swellable hydrogels, can provide platforms with properties and functions tailored to the tissue/organ and, thus, it will contribute to the creation of physiologically relevant biological models.
Decyanative Arylation via Radical Coupling
Authors: Zhou Chenxing , Zhang Xin , Zhang Peiqin , Huo Congde 
Published: December 2024

AbstractArenes, especially heteroarenes, are crucial structural motifs in organic chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, and materials science. The introduction of (hetero)aryl groups using readily available feedstocks to modify organic chemicals is a significant topic. Nitriles are ubiquitous and versatile building blocks in organic synthesis. This review summarizes recent advances in decyanative arylation via radical cross‐coupling reactions. In these transformations, (hetero)aromatic nitriles undergo one‐electron reduction to form persistent radical anion intermediates. Simultaneously, transient carbon centered radicals are generated through cleavage of C−H, C−C, C−X (where X=B, N, Si, S, Br) bonds through single electron transfer or hydrogen atom transfer processes. Finally, a radical‐radical coupling reaction followed by CN elimination leads to the formation of aromatized products.
Cholesterol Targeted Catalytic Hydrogel Fueled by Tumor Debris can Enhance Microwave Ablation Therapy and Anti‐Tumor Immune Response
Authors: Shen Lin , Yang Zhijuan , Zhong Yi , Bi Yanran , Yu Junchao , Lu Qinwei , Su Yanping , Chen Xiaoxiao , Zhao Zhongwei , Shu Gaofeng , Chen Minjiang , Cheng Liang , Feng Liangzhu , Lu Chenying , Liu Zhuang , Ji Jiansong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe immunosuppressive residual tumor microenvironment (IRTM) is a key factor in the high recurrence and metastasis rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after microwave ablation (MWA). Cholesterol‐rich tumor fragments significantly contribute to IRTM deterioration. This study developed a cholesterol‐targeted catalytic hydrogel, DA‐COD‐OD‐HCS, to enhance the synergy between MWA and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for HCC treatment. Cholesterol oxidase (COD), modified with dimethyl maleic anhydride (DA) for release in acidic IRTM, is used to degrade cholesterol. Oxydextran (OD) and hemin‐chitosan (HCS) formed a dual network gel, ensuring long‐term fixation of COD and hemin in the IRTM post‐MWA. In both in vitro and in vivo HCC models, DA‐COD‐OD‐HCS effectively released COD, degraded cholesterol, and induced tumor cell ferroptosis, enhancing the antitumor immune response. Combined with anti‐PD‐L1 immunotherapy, this strategy inhibited primary tumor growth and distant metastases, without side effects on adjacent tissues. This work highlights that cholesterol‐targeting catalytic hydrogels fueled by tumor debris can significantly improve the efficacy of MWA and ICIs, offering a novel therapeutic approach for HCC.
Single‐Nucleus RNA Sequencing Reveals That Gabra6+ Neurons in Prefrontal Cortex Promote the Progression of PTSD After Shockwave‐Induced TBI
Authors: Fei Xiaowei , Zhang Zehan , Dou Ya‐nan , Lv Weihao , Chen Hongqing , Wang Li , He Xin , Chao Wangshu , Luo Peng , Fei Zhou 
Published: December 2024

AbstractShockwave‐induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in the onset of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), triggered either by the TBI itself or other stressors. However, the interplay and underlying mechanisms of how these factors synergistically induce PTSD remain inadequately elucidated. Here, mice in the TBI (induced by biological shock tube blast injury) and PTSD (induced by single prolonged stress method) groups both displayed symptoms of PTSD behaviors, with the TBI+PTSD (composite model) group exhibiting more severe manifestations. The result of snRNA‐seq demonstrated a noticeable increase in the population of Gabra6+ neurons in the prefrontal cortex region of mice in the TBI+PTSD group. Knocking down cortical Gabra6 mitigated PTSD‐related behavioral outcomes. Mechanistically, the Smad3/4 complex activation led to the upregulation of Gabra6 expression in cortical neurons. Interaction of Gabra6 with Homer1 activated downstream cAMP signaling pathways. Homer1KO‐Nestin mice show reduced susceptibility to PTSD. Subsequently, the efficacy of monoclonal antibody intervention at the 218 site of Gabra6 in ameliorating PTSD development is verified. This study suggests that TBI and stressors act as independent components in PTSD development, with Gabra6+ neurons pivotal in synergistically facilitating PTSD formation. Strategies geared toward minimizing exposure to singular or combined stressors may effectively diminish the risk of developing PTSD.