bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooperativa- centro especial de empleo como forma jurídica de empresa para la inserción laboral. (Análisis a partir de un caso)
Authors: Rodríguez González Amalia 
Published: December 2020

En el presente trabajo se analiza desde un punto de vista jurídico, el fenómeno del cooperativismo de iniciativa social como herramienta al servicio de la inserción laboral de colectivos en riesgos de exclusión social o colectivos con especiales dificultades para el acceso al empleo, así como el papel que desempeñan los centros especiales de empleo de iniciativa social como coadyuvantes de las cooperativas de iniciativa social (de trabajo asociado o de consumidores) en la consecución de aquel fin. Desde distintas instituciones y organizaciones en esta materia y desde hace ya algún tiempo, se apuesta por potenciar el empleo ordinario como mejor instrumento de integración social para lo cual son necesarios mecanismos eficaces para facilitar el tránsito desde el empleo protegido al ordinario.
La inclusión socio-laboral de los grupos vulnerables. Colectivos y formas de inclusión a través del trabajo
Authors: Bengoetxea Alkorta Aitor 
Published: December 2020

La noción de los grupos vulnerables se encuentra cada vez más extendida en la literatura sociológica, y también en la jurídica. Pero no hay un concepto jurídico-positivo sobre los mismos, ni una lista que los enumere con carácter exhaustivo. Se propone analizar el origen y contornos de esa noción, esbozando un concepto jurídico. En materia de acceso al empleo, la ley de empleo los denomina colectivos prioritarios. Estudiaremos cuáles son, por qué se les considera colectivo prioritario, en función de las peculiaridades de cada uno de ellos, y qué medidas de acción positiva se les aplican, artiendo de su desventaja, para procurar ayudarles en su esfuerzo hacia la consecución de un empleo.
Sobre el órgano judicial competente para resolver la casación frente a normas de derecho civil autonómico. Comentario al Auto 8857/2018, de 5 de septiembre, de la Sala de lo Civil del Tribunal Supremo
Authors: Marco Marco Joaquín J. 
Published: December 2020

El Auto 8857/2018, de 5 de septiembre, de la Sala de lo Civil del Tribunal Supremo determina la competencia respecto de la resolución de un recurso de casación planteado por una cooperativa gallega frente a una sentencia en apelación de la Audiencia Provincial de A Coruña. El Auto, que reitera la posición de otro Auto de marzo de 2015, supone una modificación en la línea jurisprudencial de la Sala Primera del Tribunal Supremo al considerar que la competencia, por tratarse de derecho civil autonómico –no derecho foral- corresponde al Tribunal Supremo y no al Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Galicia, como se había venido considerando anteriormente.
From Turnip to Onion: Humanities, Curiosities, and Anecdotes of Hallux Valgus
Authors: Rueda Cristóbal Suárez , Abián María Herrera , Limón Carlos Martínez , Macera Armando 
Published: December 2020

Background
We sought to highlight the humanistic aspect of hallux valgus.

Methods
We conducted a bibliographic search between 2013 and 2017 of scientific, historic, and humanistic articles, in search of the anthropological dimension of hallux valgus. Museums and works of art by relevant painters were analzyed for the presence of hallux valgus.

Results
We showcase the linguistic origin of the terms related to hallux valgus, the evolution of its incidence depending on the footwear and social habits throughout history, the presence of hallux valgus in the work of great painters, and some other curiosities of this pathology.

Conclusions
The knowledge of the humanistic aspect of pathologies we treat, if not imperative for its proper surgical resolution, can help to improve the understanding of them.
Desmoid Tumors of the Foot: A Retrospective Study of Four Patients
Authors: Dürr Hans R. , Wirth Laura , Baur-Melnyk Andrea , Knösel Thomas , Roeder Falk , Jansson Volkmar , Klein Alexander 
Published: December 2020

Background
Desmoid-type fibromatosis (DF) is an aggressive (myo)fibroblastic neoplasm with an infiltrative growth pattern and a tendency for local recurrence. It is rarely seen at the foot. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze clinical presentation, therapy, and outcomes in a consecutive series of four patients with DF at the foot.

Methods
From 1994 to 2014, four patients had been surgically treated. The resection margin was marginal or even intralesional in all. One patient already had local recurrence at first presentation. The end point was either local recurrence or progression of residual disease.

Results
The mean patient age was 27 years. In one patient, marginal excision healed the disease. In another patient, local recurrence after marginal resection necessitated distal phalanx amputation. Two other patients showed stable disease after either adjuvant radiotherapy or treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and tamoxifen.

Conclusions
If surgery is necessary, operative margins are less important than keeping function for the patient. Radiotherapy might be an option to avoid major amputation. The role of adjuvant radiotherapy is controversially discussed. A watchful wait-and-see policy seems to be justified by the published data but may be difficult for DF at the foot.
Self‐Driven Perovskite Narrowband Photodetectors with Tunable Spectral Responses
Authors: Wang Jian , Xiao Shuang , Qian Wei , Zhang Kai , Yu Jun , Xu Xiuwen , Wang Gaopeng , Zheng Shizhao , Yang Shihe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNarrowband photodetectors with tunable spectral responses are highly desirable for applications in image sensing, machine vision, and optical communication. Herein, a filterless and self‐driven perovskite narrowband photodetector (PNPD) based on the defect‐assisted charge collection narrowing (CCN) mechanism is reported, which is enabled by a high‐quality thick perovskite film. By adjusting the halide component of the perovskite layer, the bandgap is successfully modulated and the corresponding narrowband photodetectors show a wide spectral response range from the red to the near‐infrared (NIR), all with full‐widths at half maximum (FWHMs) below 30 nm. Specifically, the methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) narrowband photodetector exhibits a characteristic detection peak at 800 nm with a very low noise current of ≈0.02 pA Hz–1/2, a high specific detectivity up to 1.27 × 1012 Jones, and a fast response speed with rise/fall time of 12.7/6.9 µs. Impressively, these values are among the highest of their kind reported previously, and allow demonstration of narrowband imaging. The excellent performance of self‐driven PNPDs lights up their prospect in high‐efficiency optoelectronic devices without external power sources.
2D THz Optoelectronics
Authors: Mittendorff Martin , Winnerl Stephan , Murphy Thomas E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe terahertz (THz) region of the electromagnetic spectrum spans the gap between optics and electronics and has historically suffered from a paucity of optoelectronic devices, in large part because of inadequate optical materials that function in this spectral range. 2D materials, including graphene and a growing family of related van der Waals materials, have been shown to exhibit unusual optical and electrical properties that can enable diverse new applications in the THz regime. In this review, some of the unusual properties of 2D materials that make them promising for THz applications are explained, the recent work in the field of 2D THz optoelectronics is summarized, and the challenges and opportunities that await this promising new field are outlined.
Switchable Second‐Harmonic Generation of Airy Beam and Airy Vortex Beam
Authors: Liu Yuan , Chen Wei , Tang Jie , Xu Xiaoyi , Chen Peng , Ma Chao‐Qun , Zhang Wang , Wei Bing‐Yan , Ming Yang , Cui Guo‐Xin , Zhang Yong , Hu Wei , Lu Yan‐Qing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAiry beam and Airy vortex beam with intriguing characteristics have been extensively studied in linear optics, while their dynamic nonlinear conversion has rarely been explored and remains challenging. Here, through the collaboration of binary mask engineered nonlinear photonic crystal and space‐variant liquid‐crystal geometric phase element, second‐harmonic Airy beam and Airy vortex beam can be generated in a switchable manner. Electrical‐controlled loading of orbital angular momentum (OAM) into fundamental wave unlocks the flexibility of nonlinear process, which is well investigated in theory and further verified by experiment. Wavelength transformation, OAM conversion, and propagation trajectory inflection are realized simultaneously. This offers a convenient and universal strategy for dynamic nonlinear generation and shows great potentials in optical manipulation and information processing.
Transition Metal‐Free Synthesis of Substituted Isothiazoles via Three‐Component Annulation of Alkynones, Xanthate and NH4I
Authors: Li Jian , Li Jiaming , Ji Xiaoliang , Liu Qiang , Chen Lu , Huang Yubing , Li Yibiao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA protocol was described to access diverse isothiazoles with functionalization potential via transition metal‐free three‐component annulation of alkynones, potassium ethylxanthate (EtOCS2K) and ammonium iodide (NH4I). A sequential regioselective hydroamination/thiocarbonylation/intramolecular cyclization cascade achieved the efficient formation of consecutive C−N, C−S and N−S bonds in a one‐pot process.magnified image
Stemphylium blight reduces milling qualities of lentil
Authors: Subedi Maya , Bazghaleh Navid , Caudillo‐Ruiz Kiela , Vandenberg Albert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStemphylium blight (SB) (Stemphylium botryosum) is a major disease of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) in many global production regions. In Canada, SB typically occurs after canopy closure in the second half of the growing season when weather conditions become warm and humid. Experiments were carried out to assess the impact of SB disease on milling qualities of lentil. In 2014, milling qualities of red lentils were compared between seed obtained from an uninfected site and those produced at a naturally SB‐infected site. In 2016 and 2017, controlled field experiments were conducted by artificially inoculating the plots with SB conidia at the early flowering stage. Seed yield in the infected plots was reduced by 52, 22, and 30% compared with control plots in 2014, 2016, and 2017, respectively. The percentages of stained and deformed seeds were increased in infected plots in 2016 and 2017. Seeds infected with SB have reduced milling qualities. Dehulling efficiency was reduced by 25.3, 23.0, and 15.9%, and milling recovery was reduced by 23.7, 25.4, and 15.1% compared with the uninfected control plots, respectively, in 2014, 2016, and 2017. Stemphylium blight had minimal impact on football lentil recovery. These results suggest that SB is potentially the leading cause of the reported poor milling quality of Canadian red lentils that reduces the economic value in years when the growing season is favorable for development of SB. These results have major implications for agronomy, pathology, and breeding strategies of the lentil crop in temperate production regions.
Macadamia intercropping into an inefficient adult coffee plantation is economically advantageous
Authors: Perdoná Marcos J. , Soratto Rogério P. , Porto Antonio J. , Pinotti Raquel N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe paper's hypothesis was that intercropping macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche) in an Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plantation would increase land‐use efficiency and economic results. An experiment was conducted in southeastern Brazil to evaluate the planting of macadamia intercropped into a declining adult coffee plantation where trees were pruned, removed, or neither on the payback period compared with a macadamia monoculture. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with six treatments and four replications. Treatments consisted of four systems of planting macadamia intercropped within a coffee plantation (T1–unpruned coffee trees; T2–side pruning of two coffee trees; T3–stumping of two coffee trees; T4–removal of one coffee tree), and a coffee monocropping and a macadamia monoculture planted where coffee crops were eradicated (macadamia monocropping) as control. We evaluated macadamia plant growth and economic results across four growing seasons and considered three macadamia plant arrangements. At 46 mo after planting, macadamia plants intercropped with unpruned coffee trees had lower plant height (28%) and trunk diameter (63%) than those planted in macadamia monoculture. Treatments T3 and T4 provided greater growth of macadamia plants. Coffee yield losses caused by pruning or removal of coffee trees were not significant, regardless of the macadamia plant arrangement used. The implantation of the macadamia intercropped with an inefficient adult coffee crop proved to be economically more advantageous than the implantation of a macadamia orchard in monoculture.
CHRNB1‐associated congenital myasthenia syndrome: Expanding the clinical spectrum
Authors: Freed Amanda S. , Schwarz Anisha C. , Brei Brianna K. , Clowes Candadai Sarah V. , Thies Jenny , Mah Jean K. , Chabra Shilpi , Wang Leo , Innes A. Micheil , Bennett James T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCHRNB1 encodes the β subunit of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) at the neuromuscular junction. Inherited defects in the neuromuscular junction can lead to congenital myasthenia syndrome (CMS), a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders which includes fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS) on the severe end of the spectrum. Here, we report two unrelated families with biallelic CHRNB1 variants, and in each family, one child presented with lethal FADS. We contrast the diagnostic odysseys in the two families, one of which lasted 16 years while the other, utilizing rapid exome sequencing, led to specific treatment in the first 2 weeks of life. Furthermore, we note that CHRNB1 variants may be under‐recognized because in both families, one of the variants is a single exon deletion that has been previously described but may not easily be detected in clinically available genetic testing.
Accurate Determination of the Quantity and Spatial Distribution of Counterions around a Spherical Macroion
Authors: Chen Jiahui , Bera Mrinal K. , Li Hui , Yang Yuqing , Sun Xinyu , Luo Jiancheng , Baughman Jessi , Liu Cheng , Yao Xuesi , Chuang Steven S. C. , Liu Tianbo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe accurate distribution of countercations (Rb+and Sr2+) around a rigid, spherical, 2.9‐nm size polyoxometalate cluster, {Mo132}42−, is determined by anomalous small‐angle X‐ray scattering. Both Rb+and Sr2+ions lead to shorter diffuse lengths for {Mo132} than prediction. Most Rb+ions are closely associated with {Mo132} by staying near the skeleton of {Mo132} or in the Stern layer, whereas more Sr2+ions loosely associate with {Mo132} in the diffuse layer. The stronger affinity of Rb+ions towards {Mo132} than that of Sr2+ions explains the anomalous lower critical coagulation concentration of {Mo132} with Rb+compared to Sr2+. The anomalous behavior of {Mo132} can be attributed to majority of negative charges being located at the inner surface of its cavity. The longer anion–cation distance weakens the Coulomb interaction, making the enthalpy change owing to the breakage of hydration layers of cations more important in regulating the counterion–{Mo132} interaction.
Lanthanide‐Based Molecular Cluster‐Aggregates: Optical Barcoding and White‐Light Emission with Nanosized {Ln20} Compounds
Authors: Gálico Diogo A. , Kitos Alexandros A. , Ovens Jeffrey S. , Sigoli Fernando A. , Murugesu Muralee 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCounterfeit goods represent a major problem to companies, governments, and customers, affecting the global economy. In order to protect the authenticity of products and documents, optical anti‐counterfeit technologies have widely been employed via the use of discrete molecular species, extended metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and nanoparticles. Herein, for the first time we demonstrate the potential use of molecular cluster‐aggregates (MCA) as optical barcodes via composition and energy transfer control. The tuneable optical properties for the [Ln20(chp)30(CO3)12(NO3)6(H2O)6], where chp−=deprotonated 6‐chloro‐2‐pyridinol, allow the fine control of the emission colour output, resulting in high‐security level optical labelling with a precise read‐out. Moreover, a unique tri‐doped composition of GdIII, TbIII, and EuIII led to MCAs with white‐light emission. The presented methodology is a unique approach to probe the effect of composition control on the luminescent properties of nanosized molecular material.
Ultra‐Low Molecular Weight Photoswitchable Hydrogelators
Authors: Larik Fayaz Ali , Fillbrook Lucy L. , Nurttila Sandra S. , Martin Adam D. , Kuchel Rhiannon P. , Al Taief Karrar , Bhadbhade Mohan , Beves Jonathon E. , Thordarson Pall 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTwo photoswitchable arylazopyrozoles form hydrogels at a concentration of 1.2 % (w/v). With a molecular weight of 258.28 g mol−1, these are the lowest known molecular weight hydrogelators that respond reversibly to light. Photoswitching of the E‐ to the Z‐form by exposure to 365 nm light results in a macroscopic gel→sol transition; nearly an order of magnitude reduction in the measured elastic and loss moduli. In the case of the meta‐arylazopyrozole, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy suggests that the 29±7 nm wide sheets in the E‐gel state narrow to 13±2 nm upon photoswitching to the predominantly Z‐solution state. Photoswitching for meta‐arylazopyrozole is reversible through cycles of 365 nm and 520 nm excitation with little fatigue. The release of a rhodamine B dye encapsulated in gels formed by the arylazopyrozoles is accelerated more than 20‐fold upon photoswitching with 365 nm light, demonstrating these materials are suitable for light‐controlled cargo release.
TunableegOrbital Occupancy in Heusler Compounds for Oxygen Evolution Reaction**
Authors: Yu Mingquan , Li Guowei , Fu Chenguang , Liu Enke , Manna Kaustuv , Budiyanto Eko , Yang Qun , Felser Claudia , Tüysüz Harun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHeusler compounds have potential in electrocatalysis because of their mechanical robustness, metallic conductivity, and wide tunability in the electronic structure and element compositions. This study reports the first application of Co2YZ‐type Heusler compounds as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). A range of Co2YZcrystals was synthesized through the arc‐melting method and theegorbital filling of Co was precisely regulated by varyingYandZsites of the compound. A correlation between theegorbital filling of reactive Co sites and OER activity was found for Co2MnZcompounds (Z=Ti, Al, V, and Ga), whereby higher catalytic current was achieved foregorbital filling approaching unity. A similar trend ofegorbital filling on the reactivity of cobalt sites was also observed for other Heusler compounds (Co2VZ,Z=Sn and Ga). This work demonstrates proof of concept in the application of Heusler compounds as a new class of OER electrocatalysts, and the influence of the manipulation of the spin orbitals on their catalytic performance.
MgO‐Template Synthesis of Extremely High Capacity Hard Carbon for Na‐Ion Battery
Authors: Kamiyama Azusa , Kubota Kei , Igarashi Daisuke , Youn Yong , Tateyama Yoshitaka , Ando Hideka , Gotoh Kazuma , Komaba Shinichi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExtremely high capacity hard carbon for Na‐ion battery, delivering 478 mAh g−1, is successfully synthesized by heating a freeze‐dried mixture of magnesium gluconate and glucose by a MgO‐template technique. Influences of synthetic conditions and nano‐structures on electrochemical Na storage properties in the hard carbon are systematically studied to maximize the reversible capacity. Nano‐sized MgO particles are formed in a carbon matrix prepared by pre‐treatment of the mixture at 600 °C. Through acid leaching of MgO and carbonization at 1500 °C, resultant hard carbon demonstrates an extraordinarily large reversible capacity of 478 mAh g−1 with a high Coulombic efficiency of 88 % at the first cycle.
Variance‐constrained H∞ synchronization control of discrete time‐delayed complex dynamical networks: An intermittent pinning approach
Authors: Zhang Jiayi , Wei Guoliang , Ding Derui , Liu Shuai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the variance‐constrained H∞ synchronization control problem is investigated for a class of discrete time‐delayed complex dynamical networks. Considering the case where a dynamical network cannot achieve the synchronization by itself, the feedback controllers are added to drive the network toward a desired orbit. To further decrease both the frequency of controller update and the energy consumption, an intermittent pinning strategy is developed to control only a small part of the network nodes. The purpose of the addressed synchronization control problem is to design a set of feedback controllers such that the closed‐loop system achieves both the prescribed H∞ disturbance attenuation level and the variance constraints. By resorting to a combination of the Lyapunov stability theory and the switching system approach, a sufficient condition is obtained under which the dynamical network reaches the overall synchronization. Furthermore, the expected gains of the intermittent pinning controllers are parameterized by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a numerical example is exploited to verify the effectiveness of our proposed theoretical results.
Neural stem cell pools in the vertebrate adult brain: Homeostasis from cell‐autonomous decisions or community rules?
Authors: Dray Nicolas , Than‐Trong Emmanuel , Bally‐Cuif Laure 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdult stem cell populations must coordinate their own maintenance with the generation of differentiated cell types to sustain organ physiology, in a spatially controlled manner and over long periods. Quantitative analyses of clonal dynamics have revealed that, in epithelia, homeostasis is achieved at the population rather than at the single stem cell level, suggesting that feedback mechanisms coordinate stem cell maintenance and progeny generation. In the central nervous system, however, little is known of the possible community processes underlying neural stem cell maintenance. Recent work, in part based on intravital imaging made possible in the adult zebrafish, conclusively highlights that homeostasis in neural stem cell pools may rely on population asymmetry and long‐term spatiotemporal coordination of neural stem cell states and fates. These results suggest that neural stem cell assemblies in the vertebrate brain behave as self‐organized systems, such that the stem cells themselves generate their own intrinsic niche.