bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mandibular shape prediction using cephalometric analysis: applications in craniofacial analysis, forensic anthropology and archaeological reconstruction
Authors: Omran Ahmed , Wertheim David , Smith Kathryn , Liu Ching Yiu Jessica , Naini Farhad B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The human mandible is variable in shape, size and position and any deviation from normal can affect the facial appearance and dental occlusion.

Objectives
The objectives of this study were to determine whether the Sassouni cephalometric analysis could help predict two-dimensional mandibular shape in humans using cephalometric planes and landmarks.

Materials and methods
A retrospective computerised analysis of 100 lateral cephalometric radiographs taken at Kingston Hospital Orthodontic Department was carried out.

Results
Results showed that the Euclidean straight-line mean difference between the estimated position of gonion and traced position of gonion was 7.89 mm and the Euclidean straight-line mean difference between the estimated position of pogonion and the traced position of pogonion was 11.15 mm. The length of the anterior cranial base as measured by sella-nasion was positively correlated with the length of the mandibular body gonion-menton, r = 0.381 and regression analysis showed the length of the anterior cranial base sella-nasion could be predictive of the length of the mandibular body gonion-menton by the equation 22.65 + 0.5426x, where x = length of the anterior cranial base (SN). There was a significant association with convex shaped palates and oblique shaped mandibles, p = 0.0004.

Conclusions
The method described in this study can be used to help estimate the position of cephalometric points gonion and pogonion and thereby sagittal mandibular length. This method is more accurate in skeletal class I cases and therefore has potential applications in craniofacial anthropology and the ‘missing mandible’ problem in forensic and archaeological reconstruction.
Psychometric properties of empathy questionnaire for Spanish adolescents
Authors: Salavera Carlos , Usán Pablo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to adapt and test the empathy questionnaire in Spanish adolescents (N = 701, age = 13.47 years). The study involved two different strands: (1) the questionnaire was translated into Spanish, and its internal consistency, factorial structure and convergent validity were assessed; (2) the questionnaire was subject to confirmatory factor analysis.
The results of the confirmatory factor analysis show that the questionnaire’s factors present an aggregate variance of 58.588%, which suggests that the questionnaire is a valid tool to represent affective empathy, cognitive empathy and empathic concern. On the other hand, the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the sustainability of the model, which comprises three identified factors and twelve items. The empathy questionnaire is easy to understand and can be completed in a short time, so it is considered a useful tool to assess empathy in Spanish adolescents. The results are discussed in the context of theoretical accounts of empathy.
Crestal bone loss around tissue level implants with platform matching abutments versus bone level implants with conical/platform switched abutments in the posterior mandible: a comparative study
Authors: Shalash Mahmoud , Abdalsamad Ahmad 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Many factors play a role in the long-term survival of osseointegrated dental implants. Among these, the preservation of crestal bone remains to be the key principal. The aim of this comparative study was to assess crestal bone loss (CBL) between tissue-level implants restored with platform matching abutments and bone-level implants restored with conical/platform switched hybrid abutments in the posterior molar region.

Results
All implants in both groups showed a 100% survival and success rate at 1 year. Mean CBL for group I was 0.8 mm (SD 0.85), and mean CBL for group II was 0.18 mm (SD 0.48). There was a statistically significant difference between the CBL in both groups (p < 0.001). The highest mean value was found in the tissue level group, while the lowest mean value was found in the bone level group.

Conclusion
Within the limitations of the sample size of this study, both implant designs showed minimal CBL at 1-year post-loading. Bone level implants with a platform switched conical hybrid connection showed less CBL compared to tissue level implants.
The shape of incident shock wave in steady axisymmetric conical Mach reflection
Authors: Ren Yu-xin , Tan Lianhua , Wu Zi-niu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
For internal flow with supersonic inflow boundary conditions, a complicated oblique shock reflection may occur. Different from the planar shock reflection problem, where the shape of the incident shock can be a straight line, the shape of the incident shock wave in the inward-facing axisymmetric shock reflection in steady flow is an unknown curve. In this paper, a simple theoretical approach is proposed to determine the shape of this incident shock wave. The present theory is based on the steady Euler equations. When the assumption that the streamlines are straight lines at locations just behind the incident shock is adopted, an ordinary differential equation can be derived, and the shape of the incident shock wave is given by the solution of this ordinary differential equation. The predicted curves of the incident shock wave at several inlet conditions agree very well with the results of the numerical simulations.
The use of tissue adhesive as an adjunct to wound closure in knee arthroplasty does not reduce wound ooze
Authors: Khalefa Mohamed A. , Smith Lindsay K. , Ahmad Riaz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionPersistent wound ooze has been associated with prolonged length of hospital stay and increased risk of infection. Recently, the use of tissue adhesive after hip and knee arthroplasty has been described. We believe that knee arthroplasty wounds exhibit different behavior compared to hip arthroplasty due to the increased wound-margin tension associated with knee flexion.Patients and methodsForty-three patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by a single surgeon were studied. All wounds were closed using staples with or without tissue adhesive. Post-operatively, the wounds were reviewed daily for ooze. Dressings were changed only if soaked > 50% or if there was persistent wound discharge of more than 2 × 2 cm at 72 h.ResultsThere were 21 patients in the tissue adhesive (group 1), 22 in the non-tissue adhesive (group 2) with the average age for group 1 of 72.2 years and for group 2 of 69.3 years. The median length of stay for both groups was 4 days (range of 3–7 days for group 1 and 2–6 days for group 2) (P = 0.960). The tissue adhesive group showed a statistically significant reduction in wound ooze on day 1 (P = 0.019); however, the difference was not significant on the following days. The median for the number of dressing changes for group 1 was zero changes and for group 2, one change. This was not statistically significant (P = 0.112). No complications were observed in both groups and there were no reactions to the tissue adhesive.ConclusionThe data from this case series suggest that the use of tissue adhesive may reduce wound ooze on day 1 only. The latter is most likely due to significant tensile forces to which the knee arthroplasty wound is subjected in the immediate post-operative rehabilitation. Further, the cost of tissue adhesive is not offset by reduced dressing changes or length of hospital stay.
Primordial follicle survival of goat ovarian tissue after vitrification and transplantation on chorioallanthoic membrane
Authors: Widad Shofwal , Nurdiati Detty Siti , Ayuandari Sarrah , Hamurajib Kuky Cahya , Rahmana Muhammad Dimas Reza , Alma Nurulita Ainun , Dewanto Agung 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Ovarian tissue vitrification is an alternative fertility preservation procedure for young female patients prior to gonadotoxic treatment. Primordial follicle loss might be a potential issue for vitrification and transplantation procedures. This study aimed to evaluate primordial follicle density and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation in each stage of the preservation procedure of goat ovarian tissue. Follicle density and DNA fragmentation were examined microscopically after staining with hematoxylin eosin and TUNEL assay, respectively. Both parameters were compared between fresh, fresh-transplanted, vitrification, and vitrification-transplanted groups.

Results
A significant decrease was observed in the primordial follicle proportion after vitrification and transplantation compared to the primordial follicle proportion in the fresh group (88.09% vs 52.42%, p < 0.05, 95% CI 11.54, 66.94). There was no significant difference in DNA fragmentations of primordial follicles between each group (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
The vitrification and transplantation process of goat ovarian strips could cause the primordial follicles loss and DNA damage of the follicles. However, primordial follicles loss and DNA damage were not significantly different in each procedure.
A digital mental health intervention to reduce depressive symptoms among overseas Filipino workers: protocol for a pilot hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liem Andrian , Garabiles Melissa R. , Pakingan Karmia A. , Chen Wen , Lam Agnes Iok Fong , Burchert Sebastian , Hall Brian J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The current pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) protocol will comprehensively describe the implementation of a culturally adapted Filipino version of the World Health Organization Step-by-Step (SbS-F) program, unguided online psychological intervention for people with depression based on behavioral activation, among overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) in Macao (Special Administrative Region). The main objective of this pilot study is to explore the preliminary effectiveness of the SbS-F program to decrease participant-reported depressive symptoms compared to enhanced care as usual (ECAU); and the secondary objectives are to explore the preliminary effectiveness of the SbS-F to decrease participant-reported anxiety symptoms and improve wellbeing, and to evaluate the potential for SbS-F implementation in real-world settings.

Methods
This trial will follow an effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 1 trial design and utilize the Reach, Efficacy/Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework to accelerate the translation of clinical research into more effective implementation strategies and policies. Participants will be randomized 1:1 to control and treatment groups. Control group participants will receive ECAU that consists of brief depression psychoeducation and referral to local community partners. Treatment group participants will receive a 5-session of digital intervention through a mobile phone application. The primary outcome (depression) and psychological secondary outcomes (anxiety symptoms and wellbeing) will be measured using validated instruments. To evaluate study implementation, an embedded mixed-methods design will be used to collect data from various stakeholders. Data then will be analyzed using intention to treat principle and reported following the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guideline.

Discussion
This study will provide important new knowledge about the preliminary effectiveness of SbS-F, a mobile application, as a digital mental health intervention and its scalability. If SbS-F shows positive results among OFWs in Macao, it has strong potential to be used by OFWs in other countries that may also experience depression and difficulty accessing mental health services.

Trial registration
Prospective registration, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000034959) on 26/07/2020.
Artichoke extracts in cancer therapy: do the extraction conditions affect the anticancer activity?
Authors: Sokkar Heba H. , Abo Dena Ahmed S. , Mahana Noha Ahmed , Badr Abeer 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundArtichoke is an edible plant that is grown in the Mediterranean region and is known for its antimicrobial, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activities. Different artichoke extraction methods can impressively affect the nature as well as the yield of the extracted components.Main bodyThe different methods of artichoke extraction and the influence of the extraction conditions on the extraction efficiency are summarized herein. In addition, cancer causalities and hallmarks together with the molecular mechanisms of artichoke active molecules in cancer treatment are also discussed. Moreover, a short background is given on the common types of cancer that can be treated with artichoke extracts as well as their pathogenesis. A brief discussion of the previous works devoted to the application of artichoke extracts in the treatment of these cancers is also given.ConclusionThis review article covers the extraction methods, composition, utilization and applications of artichoke extracts in the treatment of different cancers.
Incidence and recovery of smell and taste dysfunction in COVID-19 positive patients
Authors: Al-Zaidi Haider Majid Haider , Badr Hani Musa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
This study aims to find the chemosensitive dysfunction incidence in COVID-19-positive patients and its recovery.
We collected the data from sixty-five patients, all COVID-19 positive, quarantined in-hospital between 5 April 2020 and 17 May 2020, by a questionnaire distributed in the quarantine ward.

Results
Smell dysfunction appeared in 89.23% with or without other symptoms of COVID-19. 39.66% of them recovered the sense of smell. Taste dysfunction found in 83.08% patients with other COVID-19 symptoms. Only 29.63% of them recovered. The recovery took 1–3 weeks, and most cases recovered within 1 week or less. 18.46% and 15.38% had smell and taste dysfunction, respectively, as the only symptom before COVID-19 confirmation. Most of the chemosensitive dysfunction affected the 4th decade of age in this study.

Conclusion
Chemosensitive dysfunction is associated with coronavirus disease and may be the only symptom that presents the disease. This makes the ENT doctors the first line of contact with the coronavirus. Further objective studies are required to cover chemosensitive dysfunctions, as the recognition of this dysfunction may help the diagnosis of COVID-19, and prevent the spread of this disease.
New Horizons in Microbiota and Metabolic Health Research
Authors: Mishra Sidharth P , Jain Shalini , Taraphder Subhash , Yadav Hariom 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDecade-old studies have demonstrated that microbes living in our gut (microbiota) contribute to both maintaining normal metabolic function and to the pathology of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota influences the personalized effects of diets and drugs and impact the gut–brain axis and leaky gut inflammation to control metabolic function/diseases. Gut microbiota can be an ideal source of prognostic markers and therapies for metabolic diseases. Here we discuss the emerging concepts in the area of microbiota and metabolic interactions in personalized nutrition, drug response, and disease prognosis.
Developing a Hyperacute Stroke-Ready Nursing Workforce: a Service Improvement Initiative
Authors: Turner Nicola , Duarte Pedro , Jones Anthony , Dovaston Ian , Pitchforth David 
Published: October 2020

Background Thrombolysis treatment varies considerably between in- and out-of-hours services. Aims This improvement initiative aimed to upskill acute stroke unit nurses as stroke thrombolysis response nurses, testing a new model of nursing in readiness for hyperacute stroke unit developments. Methods Three registered nurses were trained to a specialist competency framework. The role was tested over 28 weeks, and times to treatment milestones were measured. Thrombolysed patients from the test period were statistically compared with a matched group using a two-sample t-test in Excel. Qualitative feedback was sought from the stroke team, medical and emergency department colleagues. Findings Median out-of-hours door-to-needle time reduced from 85 to 61.5 minutes. Statistically significant differences were seen in the time to stroke unit admission (p=0.012) and swallow screen (p=0.038). Stroke and emergency department colleagues considered the role essential to out-of-hours thrombolysis treatment. Conclusions The stroke thrombolysis response nurse role reduced variation in treatment and improved timely acute stroke care. This work may inform the development of stroke nursing workforce models.
Occupational therapy, loneliness and social isolation: a thematic review of the literature
Authors: Collins Tracy , Davys Deborah , Martin Rachel , Russell Rachel , Kenney Christine 
Published: October 2020

Background/AimsLoneliness and social isolation are thought to have a negative impact on health and wellbeing. There is little literature that provides an explicit focus on loneliness and social isolation in occupational therapy practice. The aim of this study was to explore themes related to loneliness and social isolation in occupational therapy-related literature and consider the implications for practice.MethodsCINAHL, Medline, Pub Med, AMed, PsycINFO, TRIP Database, and Science direct and Web of science databases were used to identify articles pertaining to occupational therapy, loneliness and social isolation.ResultsA total of 20 articles were included and three themes were identified: loneliness and social isolation are detrimental to health and wellbeing; factors associated with increased loneliness and social isolation; factors that protect against the impact of loneliness and social isolation.ConclusionsLoneliness and social isolation have a significant impact on the health and wellbeing of the people occupational therapists work with. Occupational therapy practice should include the recognition and assessment of loneliness and social isolation, and interventions to help reduce any impacts on health and wellbeing.
Leg dominance as a determinant in laterality of lower extremity amputation in diabetic patients: retrospective study and literature review
Authors: Friedman Alan , Zilberman Steven , Genis Alex , Khutornyuk Tamara , Lutsky Lena , Treger Iuly 
Published: October 2020

Background/Aims Diabetic patients with peripheral vascular manifestations often develop foot ulcers and sometimes have to undergo lower extremity amputation. This retrospective study investigated leg dominance and laterality of lower extremity amputation in diabetic, dysvascular amputees. Methods All patients who met the inclusion criteria had their medical records reviewed for their dominant side and a correlation with a side of amputation was analysed. This information is routinely obtained as part of the admission history. For the literature review, PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Cochrane Library were searched with no date restriction until February 2018. Relevant studies were included and analysed. Results Of all the patients (n=27), 16 had diabetes and of these, 12 (75%) had their dominant leg amputated. Conclusions The data and literature analysis suggest that diabetic, dysvascular patients' dominant legs may be at higher risk for amputation than the non-dominant side. Larger studies are needed to clarify the relationship between leg dominance and laterality of lower extremity amputation.
Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance in children with cerebral palsy: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Johari Sahar , Kahjoogh Mina Ahmadi , Nezhad Zahra Mossala , Hosseini Seyed Ali , Zamani Zahra Poor , Shati Mohsen , Haghgoo Hojjat Allah 
Published: October 2020

Background/Aims Children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy have limitations in activities requiring reach and manipulation of objects with their affected upper extremity. Transcranial direct current stimulation and the cognitive orientation to occupational performance approach are relatively new interventions that may lead to promising results for these children. This article describes the method of a randomised clinical trial that will compare the effects of the combination of transcranial direct current stimulation and cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance with transcranial direct current stimulation and neurodevelopmental treatment. Methods A four-armed clinical trial with a sample size of 36 participants will be performed in Tehran. Participants will be randomly divided into four groups. Group A will receive neuro-developmental treatment with sham transcranial direct current stimulation, group B will receive neurodevelopmental treatment with transcranial direct current stimulation, group C will receive cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance with sham transcranial direct current stimulation, and group D will receive cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance with transcranial direct current stimulation. The examiner will be blind to the study and assessments will be done at baseline, after the end of the intervention and 1 month after the completion of the intervention (as follow up). Data analysis will be as repeated measure analysis of variance and intention to treat. Conclusions This article describes the protocol of a clinical trial that compares the effects of the combination of transcranial direct current stimulation and cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance with the combination of transcranial direct current stimulation and neurodevelopmental treatment on upper extremity goals and functions of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.
Predictive role of individual factors in the leisure preferences of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional study in Iran
Authors: Amiri Alireza , Kalantari Minoo , Rezaee Mehdi , Baghban Alireza Akbarzadeh , Gharebashloo Farzad 
Published: October 2020

Background/AimsThe participation of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy in leisure activities is associated with their preferences. A better understanding of their leisure preferences and the factors that influence them can help therapists to promote young patients' participation in leisure activities. The aim of this study was to describe the role of individual factors in the prediction of leisure preferences of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy in Iran.MethodsA cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 152 children and adolescents with cerebral palsy were selected to complete the Preferences for Activities of Children questionnaire. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess the role of individual factors in the prediction of preferences for leisure activities.ResultsIndividual factors played a significant role in the prediction of leisure preferences. Their influence on the preferences for recreational, physical and self-improvement domains (r2=0.215; 0.154; 0.127, respectively) were greater than for social and skill-based domains (r2=0.045; 0.052, respectively).ConclusionsPreferences for physical activities need to be augmented while a high preference for social and recreational activities could be used to promote participation in leisure activities. Therapists and other healthcare professionals should consider individual factors relating to leisure preferences when devising therapeutic plans that aim to promote participation in leisure activities.