bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inner retinal layer thinning in radiologically isolated syndrome predicts conversion to multiple sclerosis
Authors: Aly L. , Havla J. , Lepennetier G. , Andlauer T. F. M. , Sie C. , Strauß E.‐M. , Hoshi M.‐M. , Kümpfel T. , Hiltensperger M. , Mitsdoerffer M. , Mühlau M. , Zimmer C. , Hemmer B. , Korn T. , Knier B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeIndividuals with radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) are at increased risk of converting to multiple sclerosis (MS). Early identification of later converters is crucial for optimal treatment decisions. The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive potential of optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures in individuals with RIS regarding conversion to MS.MethodsThis prospective observational cohort study included 36 individuals with RIS and 36 healthy controls recruited from two German MS centers. All individuals received baseline OCT and clinical examination and were longitudinally followed over up to 6 years. The primary outcome measure was the conversion to MS.ResultsDuring clinical follow‐up of 46 (26–58) months (median, 25%–75% interquartile range), eight individuals with RIS converted to MS. Individuals converting to MS showed a thinning of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and the common ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIP) at baseline and during follow‐up. Individuals with a pRNFL of 99 µm or lower or a GCIP of 1.99 mm3 or lower were at a 7.5‐ and 8.0‐fold risk for MS conversion, respectively, compared to individuals with higher measures. After correction for other known risk factors, Cox proportional hazards regression revealed a hazard ratio of 1.08 for conversion to MS for each 1 µm decline in pRNFL.ConclusionsReduction of the pRNFL might be a novel and independent risk factor for conversion to MS in individuals with RIS. OCT might be useful for risk stratification and therapeutic decision‐making in individuals with RIS.
Interictal intracranial electroencephalography for predicting surgical success: The importance of space and time
Authors: Wang Yujiang , Sinha Nishant , Schroeder Gabrielle M. , Ramaraju Sriharsha , McEvoy Andrew W. , Miserocchi Anna , de Tisi Jane , Chowdhury Fahmida A. , Diehl Beate , Duncan John S. , Taylor Peter N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivePredicting postoperative seizure freedom using functional correlation networks derived from interictal intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) has shown some success. However, there are important challenges to consider: (1) electrodes physically closer to each other naturally tend to be more correlated, causing a spatial bias; (2) implantation location and number of electrodes differ between patients, making cross‐subject comparisons difficult; and (3) functional correlation networks can vary over time but are currently assumed to be static.MethodsIn this study, we address these three challenges using intracranial EEG data from 55 patients with intractable focal epilepsy. Patients additionally underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), intraoperative computed tomography, and postoperative MRI, allowing accurate localization of electrodes and delineation of the removed tissue.ResultsWe show that normalizing for spatial proximity between nearby electrodes improves prediction of postsurgery seizure outcomes. Moreover, patients with more extensive electrode coverage were more likely to have their outcome predicted correctly (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve > 0.9, P « 0.05) but not necessarily more likely to have a better outcome. Finally, our predictions are robust regardless of the time segment analyzed.SignificanceFuture studies should account for the spatial proximity of electrodes in functional network construction to improve prediction of postsurgical seizure outcomes. Greater coverage of both removed and spared tissue allows for predictions with higher accuracy.
Orbitofrontal involvement in a neuroCOVID‐19 patient
Authors: Le Guennec Loïc , Devianne Julia , Jalin Laurence , Cao Albert , Galanaud Damien , Navarro Vincent , Boutolleau David , Rohaut Benjamin , Weiss Nicolas , Demeret Sophie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNeurological manifestations of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) such as encephalitis and seizures have been reported increasingly, but our understanding of COVID‐19‐related brain injury is still limited. Herein we describe prefrontal involvement in a patient with COVID‐19 who presented prior anosmia, raising the question of a potential trans‐olfactory bulb brain invasion.
Disentangling types of liquidity and testing limits‐to‐arbitrage theories in the CDS–bond basis
Authors: Augustin Patrick , Schnitzler Jan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe disentangle asset‐specific, market, and funding liquidity in the CDS–bond basis outside and during the 2007–9 global financial crisis. Our findings stress the importance of separating different types of liquidity, since all three measures have independently negative impacts on the basis. Funding liquidity emerges as the economically most important liquidity metric. While asset‐specific liquidity is cross‐correlated in both the cash and derivative markets, funding and market liquidity only matter for the cash market. We exploit the decomposition of the basis to test predictions of limits‐to‐arbitrage theories. We find strong evidence in favor of margin‐based asset pricing and flight‐to‐quality effects.
Environmental, social and governance reporting in annual reports: A textual analysis
Authors: Baier Philipp , Berninger Marc , Kiesel Florian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConsidering environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors becomes increasingly important for companies and investors. However, “ESG” is not clearly defined so far and, therefore, it is difficult to measure the ESG activity of companies. We analyze the extent and changes in 10‐K reports and proxy statements on ESG, using a textual analysis and creating an ESG dictionary. The results show an average of 4.0 % ESG words on total words in the reports. The ESG word list with 482 items can be used to quantitatively examine the extent of ESG reporting, which will be helpful especially for SRI investors. Our classification of 40 subcategories allows a highly granular analysis of different ESG related aspects. Moreover, indications for a relation between changes in reporting and real events, especially negative media presence, are detected. Regulatory bodies have to be aware of the use of such words and how they are used.
A Visual Analytics System for Space–Time Dynamics of Regional Income Distributions Utilizing Animated Flow Maps and Rank‐based Markov Chains
Authors: Rey Sergio , Han Su Yeon , Kang Wei , Knaap Elijah , Cortes Renan Xavier 
Published: June 2020

Regional income convergence and divergence has been an active field of research for more than 20 years, and research papers in this field are still being produced at a prodigious rate. Despite their importance for the study of dynamics of income distribution, interactive visualization tools revealing spatiotemporal dimensions of the income data have been sparsely developed. This study introduces a visual analytics system for the space–time analysis of income dynamics. We use state‐level US income data from 1929 to 2009 to demonstrate the visual analytics system and its utility for exploring similar data. The system consists of two modules, visualization and analytics. The visualization module, a Web‐based front‐end called Rank‐Path Visualizer (RPV), draws inspiration from the cartographic technique of flow mapping, originally developed by Tobler and embodied in his canonical Flow Mapper application.
Characterizing functionally integrated regions in the Central Yangtze River Megaregion from a city‐network perspective
Authors: Gao Peng , He Dan , Sun Zhijing , Ning Yuemin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed a blossoming of megaregional plans throughout China. However, it is still unclear whether megaregions delineated in these plans are based on a functionally integrated foundation or imagined by the government. This study takes the Central Yangtze River Megaregion (CYRM)—a cross‐jurisdictional megaregion planned as a leading regional integration platform in Central China—as a case to examine the mismatch between the governmentally designated regions and functionally integrated regions. Specifically, this research employs the community detection algorithm to identify functionally integrated regions within the CYRM based on producer services networks, then associate the formation of these network‐based regions with territorial factors. The results show that the integration of identified first‐tier functional regions is subject to the provincial administrative divisions; whereas, the locally planned regions comply with the second‐tier functionally integrated regions spatially. Besides, the regression results indicate that the territorial factors are significantly associated with the above spatial patterns. Hence, the region‐making practices initiated by the local governments rather than the central government, are more consistent with the conditions of regional economic development.
Management of pregnancy in women with factor VII deficiency: A case series
Authors: Lee Eun‐Ju , Burey Laura , Abramovitz Sharon , Desancho Maria T 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionInherited factor VII deficiency is the most common autosomal recessive inherited bleeding disorder, with an estimated incidence of one per 500 000 cases in the general population. Bleeding manifestations correlate poorly with circulating FVII levels. During pregnancy, increases in FVII levels can occur in women with mild‐moderate FVII deficiencies but not in those with severe deficiency.AimWe present five pregnant patients with FVII deficiency and describe the management during their pregnancies and peripartum periods.MethodsRetrospective analysis of six pregnancies in five women with FVII deficiency followed during pregnancy and delivery at an academic medical centre between January 2013 and December 2019.ResultsOf the five patients, two had severe, one with moderate and two with mild FVII deficiency. Early postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) occurred in two patients. One of the two severe FVII‐deficient patients had PPH with a laceration at delivery despite replacement therapy with recombinant factor VII. The other PPH occurred in a patient with mild FVII deficiency who delivered twins by caesarean section under general anaesthesia. Neuraxial anaesthesia was utilized in only one woman with mild deficiency whose FVII level normalized at the end of the pregnancy.ConclusionsManagement of delivery for women with FVII deficiency should be addressed on a case‐by‐case basis at centres with expertise in rare bleeding disorders, maternal foetal medicine and obstetric anaesthesiology. These management discussions should factor the patient's bleeding history, third trimester PT, FVII level, multiple gestation and mode of delivery.
A Randomized Sham‐Controlled Cross‐Over Study on the Short‐Term Effect of Non‐Invasive Cervical Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Spinal and Supraspinal Nociception in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Alt Laura K. , Wach Katharina , Liebler Eric J. , Straube Andreas , Ruscheweyh Ruth 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to test the effects of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on the descending pain inhibition, quantified by the nociceptive flexor (RIII) reflex and the conditioned pain modulation (CPM) paradigm, and on supraspinal nociceptive responses, assessed by pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings and late somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), in healthy subjects.BackgroundNon‐invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) showed promising effects on headache and pain treatment. Underlying mechanisms are only incompletely understood but may include the activation of the descending pain inhibitory system and/or the modification of emotional responses to pain.MethodsTwenty‐seven adult, healthy, and pain‐free subjects participated in this double‐blind cross‐over study conducted at a university research center. They received 4 minutes of cervical nVNS or sham stimulation in randomized order. RIII reflexes, pain ratings, and SEPs were assessed before, during, and 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after nVNS/sham stimulation, followed by CPM testing. The primary outcome was the nVNS effect on the RIII reflex size. Three subjects were excluded after the preparatory session (before randomization), 1 subject was excluded after outlier analysis, leaving 23 for analysis.ResultsRIII reflex areas were 917.1 ± 563.8 µV × ms (mean ± SD) before, 952.4 ± 467.4 µV × ms during and 929.2 ± 484.0 µV × ms immediately after nVNS and 858.4 ± 489.2 µV × ms before, 913.9 ± 539.7 µV × ms during and 862.4 ± 476.0 µV × ms after sham stimulation, revealing no differences between the immediate effects of nVNS and sham stimulation (F [3,66] = 0.67, P = .574). There also were no effects of nVNS over sham on RIII reflex areas up to 60 minutes after nVNS (F [1.7,37.4] = 1.29, P = .283). Similarly, there was no statistically significant effect of nVNS on pain intensity ratings and thresholds, RIII reflex thresholds, late SEP amplitudes, and the CPM effect, compared to sham. Pain unpleasantness ratings statistically significantly decreased from 4.4 ± 2.4 (NRS 0‐10) to 4.1 ± 2.5 during nVNS compared to sham stimulation (F [1,22] = 8.74, P = .007), but there were no longer lasting effects (5‐60 minutes after stimulation).ConclusionsThe present study does not support an acute effect of nVNS on descending pain inhibition, pain intensity perception or supraspinal nociception in healthy adults. However, there was a small effect on pain unpleasantness during nVNS, suggesting that nVNS may preferentially act on affective, not somatosensory pain components.
Congenital mesoblastic nephroma is characterised by kinase mutations including EGFR internal tandem duplications, the ETV6–NTRK3 fusion, and the rare KLHL7–BRAF fusion
Authors: Zhao Manli , Yin Minzhi , Kuick Chik Hong , Chen Huiyi , Aw Sze Jet , Merchant Khurshid , Ng Eileen Hui Qi , Gunaratne Sandini , Loh Amos Hong Pheng , Gu Weizhong , Tang Hongfeng , Chang Kenneth Tou En 
Published: June 2020

AimsCongenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) is histologically classified into classic, cellular and mixed subtypes. The aims of this study were to characterise the clinical, pathological and molecular features of a series of CMNs, and to determine the utility of pan‐Trk and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) immunohistochemistry as surrogate markers for NTRK gene fusions and EGFR internal tandem duplications (ITDs).Methods and resultsTwenty‐two archival CMN cases (12 classic, five cellular, and five mixed) were tested for the ETV6–NTRK3 fusion and EGFR ITD transcripts by the use of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and next‐generation sequencing‐based anchored multiplex PCR. All 12 classic CMNs had EGFR ITD. Of the five cellular CMNs, four had the ETV6–NTRK3 fusion and one had the KLHL7–BRAF fusion. Of the five mixed CMNs, four had EGFR ITD, and one had the ETV6–NTRK3 fusion. Pan‐Trk immunoreactivity was 100% sensitive and 94.1% specific for the presence of NTRK rearrangement. However, EGFR staining was only 62.5% sensitive and 33.3% specific for EGFR ITD.ConclusionsEGFR ITD is a consistent genetic event in classic CMN. A majority of cellular CMNs have the ETV6–NTRK3 fusion. Rare cellular CMNs may harbour non‐canonical mutations such as the KLHL7–BRAF fusion, which was found in one case. Mixed CMNs may have either EGFR ITD or the ETV6–NTRK3 fusion. Pan‐Trk immunohistochemistry is a sensitive, albeit not perfectly specific, marker for NTRK rearrangement. EGFR immunohistochemistry is not helpful as a marker of EGFR ITD.
Clinical and histological features of secondary carcinomas in gastrointestinal tract biopsies
Authors: Rosty Christophe , Pai Rish K , Graham Rondell P 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundSecondary carcinoma involving the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is an uncommon finding in biopsy specimens. The diagnosis can be challenging for tumours mimicking a primary carcinoma and when the clinical context is unknown.Methods and resultsA multicentre retrospective study was performed to evaluate the clinical and histological features of a series of secondary carcinoma in GI biopsies. A total of 197 cases from 190 patients (median age = 67 years; 57% females) were reviewed. In 16% of patients, the primary carcinoma was unknown. Most lesions presented endoscopically as mucosal or submucosal masses (58%). In 13%, the endoscopy was non‐suspicious for malignancy. The most common tumours were carcinomas of the breast (38%), kidney (13%), lung (12%), prostate (8%) and ovary (7%). The sites of involvement were the stomach (34%), colon (27%), rectum (18%), duodenum (13%), oesophagus (5%), jejunum (3%) and anus (0.5%). Histological patterns of infiltration were mucosal (76%), submucosal (41%), lymphatic (14%), and epithelial colonisation (8%). Submucosal infiltration was found significantly more frequently in carcinomas of the prostate (67%) and lung (62%), compared with carcinomas of the ovary (27%) and breast (23%). Histological obstructive changes were observed in 36% of all cases, with the highest rate in prostate carcinoma (53%) and the lowest rate in kidney carcinoma (8%).ConclusionAwareness of the main clinical and histological patterns of secondary carcinomas in GI tract biopsies may help pathologists to raise the possibility of this uncommon diagnosis and confirm it with the judicious use of immunohistochemistry.
Treatment outcomes of integrase inhibitors, boosted protease inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in antiretroviral‐naïve persons starting treatment
Authors: Mocroft A , Neesgard B , Zangerle R , Rieger A , Castagna A , Spagnuolo V , Antinori A , Lampe FC , Youle M , Vehreschild JJ , Mussini C , Borghi V , Begovac J , Duvivier C , Gunthard HF , Rauch A , Tiraboschi J , Chkhartishvili N , Bolokadze N , Wit F , Wasmuth JC , De Wit S , Necsoi C , Pradier C , Svedhem V , Stephan C , Petoumenos K , Garges H , Rogatto F , Peters L , Ryom L ,   the RESPOND study group
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesAlthough outcomes of antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been evaluated in randomized controlled trials, experiences from subpopulations defined by age, CD4 count or viral load (VL) in heterogeneous real‐world settings are limited.MethodsThe study design was an international multicohort collaboration. Logistic regression was used to compare virological and immunological outcomes at 12 ± 3 months after starting ART with an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), contemporary nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or boosted protease inhibitor (PI/b) with two nucleos(t)ides after 1 January 2012. The composite treatment outcome (cTO) defined success as VL < 200 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL with no regimen change and no AIDS/death events. Immunological success was defined as a CD4 count > 750 cells/μL or a 33% increase where the baseline CD4 count was ≥ 500 cells/μL. Poisson regression compared clinical failures (AIDS/death ≥ 14 days after starting ART). Interactions between ART class and age, CD4 count, and VL were determined for each endpoint.ResultsOf 5198 ART‐naïve persons in the International Cohort Consortium of Infectious Diseases (RESPOND), 45.4% started INSTIs, 26.0% PI/b and 28.7% NNRTIs; 880 (17.4%) were aged > 50 years, 2539 (49.4%) had CD4 counts < 350 cells/μL and 1891 (36.8%) had VL > 100 000 copies/mL. Differences in virological and immunological success and clinical failure among ART classes were similar across age groups (≤ 40, 40–50 and > 50 years), CD4 count categories (≤ 350 vs. > 350 cells/μL) and VL categories at ART initiation (≤ 100 000 vs. > 100 000 copies/mL), with all investigated interactions being nonsignificant (P > 0.05).ConclusionsDifferences among ART classes in virological, immunological and clinical outcomes in ART‐naïve participants were consistent irrespective of age, immune suppression or VL at ART initiation. While confounding by indication cannot be excluded, this provides reassuring evidence that such subpopulations will equally benefit from contemporary ART.
Development and evaluation of e‐learning materials for dental hygiene students in six schools: Using smartphones to learn dental treatment procedures
Authors: Takenouchi Akane , Otani Etsuyo , Sunaga Masayo , Toyama Takako , Uehara Hiromi , Akiyama Kyoko , Kawashima Takae , Ito Kanade , Izuno Hiromi , Kinoshita Atsuhiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of using e‐learning on smartphones to provide dental hygiene education on dental treatment procedures.MethodsThis was a randomized controlled trial. Two‐hundred ninety‐three dental hygiene students in four universities, one junior college and one technical school took a preliminary examination, and based on the results, participants in each school were randomly divided into two groups, a test or control group. Both groups took pre‐ and post‐examinations at a 4‐week interval. The test groups learned dental treatment procedures and four‐handed techniques with interactive learning materials using smartphones. The learning materials allowed them to watch videos of dental treatments. The control groups were not provided any learning material.ResultsResults of all schools combined showed that the changes from pre‐ to post‐examination scores in the test groups were significantly higher than those of the control groups (p < .05). Post‐examination scores were significantly higher than pre‐examination scores in the test groups in all schools (p < .05). Also, post‐examination scores of the test groups were significantly higher than those of the control groups (p < .05). The changes from pre‐ to post‐examination scores in the test groups of two schools were significantly higher than those of control groups (p < .05). Post‐examination scores of the control groups in two schools were significantly higher than pre‐examination scores (p < .05).ConclusionsLearning dental treatment procedures through e‐learning on a smartphone was effective in developing participants’ understanding of dental treatment procedures and four‐handed techniques.
Assessment of caries on the first permanent molars in a group of seven‐ to thirteen‐year‐old schoolchildren: Comparison of DMF and ICDAS systems
Authors: Houchaimi Amani , El Osta Nada , Abou Chedid Jean‐Claude , El Osta Lana , Farhat Mchayleh Nada 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to compare ICDAS and DMFT/S in the evaluation of caries status of the first permanent molar in 200 children aged 7 to 13 years.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional design study. Participants were selected from two private schools in Lebanon. The examinations were performed by two trained and calibrated examiners using a dental mirror and a WHO probe. The number of decayed (D), missing (M) and filled (F) teeth was recorded in DMFT/S form, and the numbers related to D, M and F were then added to record the DMFT/S value (D1MFT/S, D2MFT/S and D3MFT/S). In the ICDAS, the assessment of caries associated with restorations and sealant was recorded. Student t tests/and Mann‐Whitney tests were used to compare the continuous variables. Chi‐square tests and Fisher exact tests were used to compare the categorical variables.ResultsThe average age of the participants was 9.21 ± 1.927 (7‐13 years old). No significant difference was found between the mean time to score DMFT, DMFS and ICDAS indices (‐p‐value > 0.05). The prevalence of caries with D1MFS, D2MFS and D3MFS was 80.5%, 54% and 30.5%, respectively. However, the prevalence of caries with ICDAS II was 77.5%.ConclusionThe DMF index is an international user‐friendly system that shows the carious history of teeth. However, the ICDAS assesses the different stages of caries and describes the restorative status of the tooth, promoting new preventive approaches and curative needs. More studies should be done to confirm these findings.