bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene reinforced polypropylene and polyamide composites toward developing low‐noise automobile interior
Authors: Lee Kwang Ho , Sinha Tridib Kumar , Choi Kyum Woo , Oh Jeong Seok 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTCircular ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) of 60 and 140 μm particle size, to ensure the homogenous mixing, was used as filler materials for developing the polypropylene (PP) and polyamide 6 (PA6)‐based composite specimens to investigate the effect of UHMWPE on reducing the noise, if the composites are used in car interior. PP composite containing 5 wt % UHMWPE of 60 μm particle size showed the lowest in‐plane friction coefficient (0.18 ± 0.01), improved Izod impact strength (33 ± 2.9 J/m2), and considerable tensile properties (37 ± 1.5 MPa of strength and 21 ± 1.1% of elongation at break), indicating its promise as low‐noise and durable material to be used in the car interior. Although PA6 composites showed decreasing friction coefficients with increasing UHMWPE content, their tensile and impact properties became poor or inconsistent, maybe due to the incompatibility of nonpolar UHMWPE with polar PA, and the large difference of their melting temperatures. The extent of compatibility of PP and PA6 with the UHMWPE has been investigated by analyzing the morphology (using scanning electron microscope) and the thermal properties of the composites. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48720.
Tracking interactions: Shifting baseline and fisheries networks in the largest Southwestern Atlantic reef system
Authors: Zapelini Cleverson , Bender Mariana G. , Giglio Vinicius J. , Schiavetti Alexandre 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIncreasing evidence has revealed that different fisheries have collapsed around the world. This is generally more evident in countries that can maintain long‐term research and fisheries monitoring. When monitoring data are not available, alternative approaches to assess fisheries trends can be used, such as the local ecological knowledge of fishers.To investigate decadal changes in fisheries the local ecological knowledge of small‐scale fishers' was evaluated at four sites in Brazil: Porto Seguro, Prado, Alcobaça, and Caravelas. A fisher–fish network weighted by interaction strength was built to indicate the most relevant resources among fishers.The results suggest the occurrence of the shifting baseline syndrome among generations of fishers regarding commercially important fishes such as groupers and snappers. Handline fishers indicated a decline in catch per unit effort over 5 decades.Fisher–fish networks from Caravelas showed greater stability with stronger interaction strength, while Porto Seguro and Alcobaça networks were more fragile, and Prado network showed intermediate characteristics. Overfishing has affected high trophic level species that act as module hubs across the majority of sites.The fisher–fish network approach can be applied in data limited cases, improving the assessments of fisheries' dynamics (in space and time) and declining species.
Defect evaluation by infant photographs in a multicenter pharmaceutical clinical trial
Authors: Scheuerle Angela E. , Kwon Paul , Joing Mark 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectThe NT‐04 clinical trial of investigational medication NT100 had a limited, though geographically diverse, study population. To enhance potential birth defect identification, photographic dysmorphology exam of infants was performed along with review of prenatal and postnatal medical records.MethodsStandardized photographic views were developed: full body (prone and supine), face, both profiles, dorsal and ventral hands and feet, genitalia, and birthmarks/skin lesions. Professional photographers were identified and trained. Photos were taken in the first month of life at the subject's home and uploaded to a secure electronic online photo viewer. The evaluating geneticist accessed the photos electronically and submitted an evaluation.ResultsForty subjects had 39 evaluable outcomes (55 babies). Twelve photographers were recruited, 10 of whom worked with multiple subjects. Photographic dysmorphology evaluation was done on 38 pregnancy outcomes. Only one baby had missing photos due to an apparent protocol error. Four babies were photographed with diaper on.ConclusionsThe standardized photographs worked well. Advantages include: a single clinician evaluating all infants, the photographs could be reviewed repeatedly as needed, and minor malformations were more uniformly identified. Difficulties were: identifying local photographers and supplying training and training materials. There was no protocol for retaking or obtaining new photos and the study consent form did not include permission to publish the photographs. This was a successful pilot study of infant photographic assessment to detect congenital anomalies in a clinical trial.
Long-term survival after endovascular and open repair of unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Johal A S , Loftus I M , Boyle J R , Heikkila K , Waton S , Cromwell D A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to examine patterns of 10-year survival after elective repair of unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in different patient groups.

Methods
Patients having open repair or endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) in the English National Health Service between January 2006 and December 2015 were identified from Hospital Episode Statistics data. Postoperative survival among patients of different age and Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCS) modified Charlson co-morbidity score profiles were analysed using flexible parametric survival models. The relationship between patient characteristics and risk of rupture after repair was also analysed.

Results
Some 37 138 patients underwent elective AAA repair, of which 15 523 were open and 21 615 were endovascular. The 10-year mortality rate was 38·1 per cent for patients aged under 70 years, and the survival trajectories for open repair and EVAR were similar when patients had no RCS-modified Charlson co-morbidity. Among older patients or those with co-morbidity, the 10-year mortality rate rose, exceeding 70 per cent for patients aged 80 years. Mean survival times over 10 years for open repair and EVAR were often similar in subgroups of older and more co-morbid patients, but their survival trajectories became increasingly dissimilar, with open repair showing greater short-term risk within 6 months but lower 10-year mortality rates. The risk of rupture over 9 years was 3·4 per cent for EVAR and 0·9 per cent for open repair, and was weakly associated with patient factors.

Conclusion
Long-term survival patterns after elective open repair and EVAR for unruptured AAA vary markedly across patients with different age and co-morbidity profiles.
Localization of YAP activity in developing skeletal rudiments is responsive to mechanical stimulation
Authors: Shea Claire A. , Rolfe Rebecca A. , McNeill Helen , Murphy Paula 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundNormal skeletal development, in particular ossification, joint formation and shape features of condyles, depends on appropriate mechanical input from embryonic movement but it is unknown how such physical stimuli are transduced to alter gene regulation. Hippo/Yes‐Associated Protein (YAP) signalling has been shown to respond to the physical environment of the cell and here we specifically investigate the YAP effector of the pathway as a potential mechanoresponsive mediator in the developing limb skeleton.ResultsWe show spatial localization of YAP protein and of pathway target gene expression within developing skeletal rudiments where predicted biophysical stimuli patterns and shape are affected in immobilization models, coincident with the period of sensitivity to movement, but not coincident with the expression of the Hippo receptor Fat4. Furthermore, we show that under reduced mechanical stimulation, in immobile, muscle‐less mouse embryos, this spatial localization is lost. In culture blocking YAP reduces chondrogenesis but the effect differs depending on the timing and/or level of YAP reduction.ConclusionsThese findings implicate YAP signalling, independent of Fat4, in the transduction of mechanical signals during key stages of skeletal patterning in the developing limb, in particular endochondral ossification and shape emergence, as well as patterning of tissues at the developing synovial joint.
A proposed computation, which benefits from the cooperation of dew, edge, and cloud computations
Authors: Abdoos Mahboobeh , Taheri Hassan , Taeezadeh Ali 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe propose a computation that compensates the weakness of the processing power and storage capacity of the dew and edge servers. In the proposed computation, the nodes near to each other, which can be the dew, edge, or cloud servers, form a computational grid. The dew servers can be mobile devices, laptops, or computers. Their processing power and storage capacity can be used when they are idle. Our goal is to achieve load balancing of different nodes (servers). A server of the grid with proper processing power, storage capacity, remained energy, and low task load is selected as the grid head (each server of grid shares its specification with the other servers of grid periodically). The grid head (server) is responsible for grid communications. The grid head shares the specification of the grid, with the neighbor nodes (we suppose that the end device is aware of the specification of the nearest dew, edge, and cloud grid heads to itself). The end device decides about sending its created tasks to the grid head of a dew or edge or cloud grid, with attention to the distance between itself and the grid head, and the free processing power and storage capacity of the grid. The scheduling algorithm of a grid is the combination of first‐come–first‐served and priority scheduling algorithms. The simulation results show that the proposed computation has less delay and energy consumption and more efficiency than the cloud and edge computations.
Diversion of the paleo‐Yellow River channel in the Qingtongxia area of Ningxia, China: Evidence from terraces and fluvial landforms
Authors: Chen Hong , Bao Guo‐dong , Shi Wei , Hu Jian‐min 
Published: November 2019

The Qingtongxia Grand Canyon (QGC) of the Yellow River is a region of intense tectonic deformation that is located in the southern Yinchuan Basin, at the junction of the western margin of the Ordos Plateau and the northeast arcuate structural belt of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. The Yellow River makes a 90° turn as it traverses the Qingtongxia area, incising the hard Ordovician sandstones of Niushou Mountain, while leaving the relatively soft Quaternary sediments on the northern side of the channel undisturbed. Despite this apparent inconsistency with the expected pattern of river erosion, there has been no significant research to date on the formation of the QGC. Here, we utilize remote sensing, surficial geomorphology, and shallow coring to confirm the evolution of the Yellow River channel and formation of the QGC. Using Landsat Thermic Mapper and ASTER imagery, we identified a N–S‐oriented zone of high water‐content in the northern part of the QGC that is characterized at the surface by marsh and wetlands. Shallow cores reveal the zone is underlain by Yellow River gravel, while seismic profiling confirms anomalous seismic structures relative to the surrounding strata. Together, these data document a paleo‐Yellow River channel in the northern Qingtongxia area. We selected four representative profiles of the Yellow River terraces in the Qingtongxia and adjacent areas to acquire measurements on above water level and age. The uppermost terraces preserved at the entrance, central section, and exit of the QGC are labelled T6, T9, and T3, respectively. Our data indicate that the flow direction during the construction of T9 was different to that of the modern Yellow River and that canyon incision occurred during the development of T3, which we constrain to 65–85 ka. Ultimately, we (a) document a paleo‐Yellow River channel north of the QGC, which may have been affected by tectonic activity since the late Pleistocene and (b) show that the Yellow River has since been diverted towards the Yinchuan Basin via the QGC.
Synthesis of novel piperazine tethered benzocycloheptenone hybrids and their antimicrobial evaluation
Authors: Naikal James Prameela Subhashini , Jilla Lavanya , Vanguru Sowmya 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA new series of benzosuberone‐piperazine hybrids 6a to j were designed and synthesized efficiently in good yields and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI‐MS and HRMS. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against Gram positive, Gram negative bacterial strains and a fungal strain. Among the synthesized compounds, compounds 6c, 6d, 6e, 6f, 6g and 6h exhibited potent antibacterial activity with MIC value of 1.9 μg/mL against Gram positive and Gram negative organisms.
Risk of thyroid cancer after therapeutic irradiation in adult patients: An Age‐Based surveillance, epidemiology, and end results analysis
Authors: Dalwadi Shraddha M. , Dorman Clark , Fisher Sarah B. , Bonnen Mark , Grubbs Elizabeth , Ludwig Michelle S. 
Published: November 2019

Objectives/HypothesisOne risk of radiation therapy exposure (XRTe) is second primary thyroid cancer (SPTC). Previous reports examined this in children, but no population‐based studies have explored XRTe and SPTC across all ages or stratified by histological subtypes.Study DesignDatabase study.MethodsWe report patient characteristics of a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) dataset of SPTC (n = 4,669) using χ2 and t tests. Odds ratio (OR) for SPTC was determined based on age, histology, and XRTe compared to expected values in the SEER database. Kaplan‐Meier survival and Cox proportional hazard ratios were reported to determine factors influencing latent survival (LS; time from initial diagnosis to SPTC) and overall survival in univariate and multivariate models.ResultsExtrathyroid extension and node status based on XRTe were similar (P = .684 and P = .776, respectively). XRTe patients were more likely to have smaller tumors (17.6 vs. 19.3 mm, P = .007). XRTe patients were diagnosed with SPTC at younger ages (59.8 vs. 62.7 years, P < .001) without a difference in LS (7.45 vs. 7.50 years, P = .426). Patients aged 1 to 14 years and 15 to 29 years at diagnosis of first cancer are at higher risk of SPTC after XRTe (OR = 1.89, P = .005 and OR = 2.35, P = .001, respectively), unlike patients age 30 to 44 years and 45+ years (OR = 1.03, P = .823 and OR = 0.97, P = .624, respectively). This difference is not present for follicular and medullary SPTC.ConclusionsPatients aged 30+ years receiving radiation therapy (XRT) do not have an increased risk of SPTC. Deliberation is necessary in recommending, planning, and delivering XRT to minimize risk of subsequent malignancy in younger patients.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130: 2081–2086, 2020
Salty sensors, fresh ideas: The use of molecular and imaging sensors in understanding plankton dynamics across marine and freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Spanbauer Trisha Lyn , Briseño‐Avena Christian , Pitz Kathleen Johnson , Suter Elizabeth 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnderstanding plankton dynamics in marine ecosystems has been advanced using in situ molecular and imaging instrumentation. A range of research objectives have been addressed through high‐resolution autonomous sampling, from food web characterization to harmful algal bloom dynamics. When used together, molecular and imaging sensors can cover the full‐size range, genetic identity, and life stages of plankton. Here, we briefly review a selection of in situ instrumentation developed for the collection of molecular and imaging information on plankton communities in marine ecosystems. In addition, we interviewed a selection of instrumentation developers to determine if the transfer of sensor technology from marine to freshwater ecosystems is feasible and to describe the process of creating in situ sensors. Finally, we discuss the status of in situ molecular and imaging sensors in freshwater ecosystems and how some of the reviewed sensors could be used to address basic and applied research questions.
Natural Beauty
Authors: Benson Peter 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis is a story of young love. A boy raised on baseball near the Bronx meets a farm girl who works and rides. Dorm days and nights are alternative music and playing hooky. Summer trips to the farm get him hooked. Set across a culture of higher education, this work of creative nonfiction with a soundtrack describes intimacies of cattle farming, horseback riding, campus life, and domesticity. About natural and cultural aesthetics, it is also an almanac entry for agrarian queerness and immense alternatives.
A 20th anniversary perspective on the life of RAFT (RAFT coming of age)
Authors: Moad Graeme , Rizzardo Ezio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRAFT (reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer) polymerization, making use of thiocarbonylthio transfer agents, was announced to the world just over 21 years ago. RAFT arose out of a desire to achieve perfection in polymers (or at least to define and limit the imperfections) and to invent living radical polymerization. However, living radical polymerization cannot be and never was. This perspective looks at RAFT after 21 years of development. Is RAFT a mature technology? We briefly summarize areas of current interest focusing on what is happening at CSIRO and point to where RAFT is going in areas such as RAFT free from exogenous initiators (photoRAFT, PET‐RAFT, eRAFT), new RAFT agents, RAFT for sequence‐defined polymers and RAFT single unit monomer insertion, RAFT emulsion polymerization and RAFT polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA), RAFT‐crosslinking polymerization and the industrial applications of RAFT. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Tropical atmospheric drivers of wintertime European precipitation events
Authors: Li Ronald K. K. , Woollings Tim , O'Reilly Chris , Scaife Adam A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFrom observations, we identify a wave‐like pattern associated with northwestern European seasonal precipitation events. These events are associated with tropical precipitation anomalies, prompting us to investigate if there are any tropical–extratropical teleconnections, in particular the role of tropical anomalies in driving extratropical dynamics through Rossby wave propagation. Using a hierarchy of models from ray tracing to barotropic and baroclinic models, we investigate the Rossby wave mechanism and test potential tropical drivers and yield qualitative results. Using a barotropic model, we identify potential Rossby wave source regions which are consistent between the observations and the model. These regions include the tropical western and eastern Atlantic, the subtropical eastern Atlantic and, to a smaller degree, the subtropical eastern Pacific. Zonal wavenumber 2 and 3 components of the barotropic model responses match well with the observations and ray tracing supports the importance of these components. We use a baroclinic model to investigate the link between the observed Rossby wave source anomalies and the observed tropical precipitation anomalies. The reduced precipitation observed in the tropical Atlantic just north of the Equator can generate some of the observed Rossby wave source anomalies in the tropical Atlantic, while the increased precipitation observed in the tropical eastern Pacific can generate some of the observed Rossby wave source anomalies in the subtropical eastern Pacific. Our results can also be applied to European drought events because of the qualitative linearity in the observations and in our linear methods.
Are all stem cells equal? Systematic review, evidence map, and meta-analyses of preclinical stem cell-based therapies for bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Augustine Sajit , Cheng Wei , Avey Marc T. , Chan Monica L. , Lingappa Srinivasa Murthy Chitra , Hutton Brian , Thébaud Bernard 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRegenerative stem cell-based therapies for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the most common preterm birth complication, demonstrate promise in animals. Failure to objectively appraise available preclinical data and identify knowledge gaps could jeopardize clinical translation. We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of preclinical studies testing cell-based therapies in experimental neonatal lung injury. Fifty-three studies assessing 15 different cell-based therapies were identified: 35 studied the effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) almost exclusively in hyperoxic rodent models of BPD. Exploratory NMAs, for select outcomes, suggest that MSCs are the most effective therapy. Although a broad range of promising cell-based therapies has been assessed, few head-to-head comparisons and unclear risk of bias exists. Successful clinical translation of cell-based therapies demands robust preclinical experimental design with appropriately blinded, randomized, and statistically powered studies, based on biological plausibility for a given cell product, in standardized models and endpoints with transparent reporting.Significance statement Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease that follows ventilator and oxygen therapy for acute respiratory failure after premature birth, is the most frequent complication of extreme prematurity. BPD is associated with long-term respiratory and neurological consequences reaching into adulthood and currently lacks effective therapy. Regenerative cell-based therapy, demonstrating therapeutic benefit in experimental neonatal lung injury, has now spawned clinical trials. Yet there has been no systematic review to assess the extent of current evidence regarding safety and efficacy of cell-based therapies in preclinical BPD and identify gaps that could jeopardize successful clinical translation.
Evaluation of improved detection method for damaged transmission line arresters using frequency characteristics of equivalent series resistance
Authors: Kawamura Hironao , Itamoto Naoki , Shinjo Kazuo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs an effective countermeasure against lightning faults on transmission lines, transmission line arresters (TLAs) have been installed. However, they have been damaged by lightning strokes with large electric charges, particularly in winter. Through the investigation of damaged TLAs, we found that some of the internal zinc oxide elements had been damaged despite the undamaged appearance of the arresters. Therefore, it is necessary to detect TLAs with damaged zinc oxide elements as soon as possible to prevent lightning faults with arrester failures. As reported in this paper, we have improved the previous method of detecting TLAs with damaged zinc oxide elements using the frequency characteristics of equivalent series resistance and evaluated the accuracy of the improved method. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.