bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flesh Flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) Attracted to a Snake Carcass (Boa constrictor) in Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: Andrade-Herrera Kepler N , Mello-Patiu Cátia A , Núñez-Vázquez Carolina , Estrella Erendira 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA study was carried out to determine Sarcophagidae diversity attracted to the different stages of decomposition of a Boa constrictor cadaver during late winter in the Yucatan Peninsula. As a result of this study, seven species of Sarcophagidae were documented, Oxysarcodexia conclausa (Walker, 1861) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), Peckia (Euboettcheria) volucris (Wulp, 1895) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), Blaesoxipha (Gigantotheca) plinthopyga (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), Oxysarcodexia amorosa (Schiner, 1868) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), Ravinia derelicta (Walker, 1853) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), Ravinia effrenata (Walker, 1861) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), and Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) placida (Aldrich, 1925) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), The last five species listed are the first documentation of their presence in the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico. Sarcophagids were present throughout the decomposition process; however, the greatest abundance and diversity of this family were present during the advanced decay stage. This is the first work on flesh flies in the region and the first in the country that has focused on wildlife.
Changes in Black-White Difference in Lung Cancer Incidence among Young Adults
Authors: Jemal Ahmedin , Miller Kimberly D , Sauer Ann Goding , Bandi Priti , Fidler-Benaoudia Miranda M , Culp MaryBeth , Islami Farhad , Fedewa Stacey A , Ma Jiemin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
We previously reported that lung cancer incidence between Blacks and Whites younger than 40 years of age converged in women and approached convergence in men. Whether this pattern has continued in contemporary young birth cohorts is unclear.

Methods
We examined 5-year age-specific lung cancer incidence in Blacks and Whites younger than 55 years of age by sex and calculated the Black-to-White incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and smoking prevalence ratios by birth cohort using nationwide incidence data from 1997 to 2016 and smoking data from 1970 to 2016 from the National Health Interview Survey.

Results
Five-year age-specific incidence decreased in successive Black and White men born since circa 1947 and women born since circa 1957, with the declines steeper in Blacks than Whites. Consequently, the Black-to-White IRRs became unity in men born 1967-1972 and reversed in women born since circa 1967. For example, the Black-to-White IRRs in ages 40-44 years born between 1957 and 1972 declined from 1.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.82 to 2.03) to 1.03 (95% CI = 0.93 to 1.13) in men and from 1.32 (95% CI = 1.24 to 1.40) to 0.71 (95% CI = 0.64 to 0.78) in women. Similarly, the historically higher sex-specific smoking prevalence in Blacks than Whites disappeared in men and reversed in women born since circa 1965. The exception to these patterns is that the incidence became higher in Black men than White men born circa 1977-1982.

Conclusions
The historically higher lung cancer incidence in young Blacks than young Whites in the United States has disappeared in men and reversed in women, coinciding with smoking patterns, though incidence again became higher in Black men than White men born circa 1977-1982.
Spatiotemporal co-occurrence and overlap of two sympatric mongoose species in an urban environment
Authors: Cronk Nadine Elizabeth , Pillay Neville 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Small carnivores are becoming increasingly common in urban areas. What has received less attention is whether and how resource partitioning among sympatric species in urban areas facilitates their coexistence. We examined the spatial, temporal and combined spatiotemporal occurrence and overlap of co-existing yellow mongoose Cynictis penicillata and slender mongoose Galerella sanguinea in an urban estate in South Africa. The reserve comprised two parts, an Eco-Estate where human residential and natural areas are interspersed and wildlife has greater contact with people, and a Nature Estate, where contact is reduced by palisade fencing between people and natural areas. Using photographic data from camera traps collected over 11 consecutive months, we found a moderate level of spatial overlap between the mongoose species. Differences between the species occurred at a finer habitat scale: yellow mongooses were more common in open habitats located near human residents whereas the slender mongooses were more common in covered areas further away from human residents. The detection probability of the yellow mongoose, however, was greater than that of the slender mongoose, and the occupancy probability of the slender mongoose was reduced in the presence of the yellow mongoose. Although both species demonstrated bimodal diurnal peaks in activity, they varied in their active periods, with temporal overlap being greater during colder than warmer months. No complete spatiotemporal overlap (occurrence in the same place at the same time/within a 10-min period) occurred. This may have been as a result of the difference in detection and occupancy probabilities of the two species. Resource availability (food), however, appears to influence the different habitat selection, space use, and activity patterns of yellow and slender mongoose in the study area. Therefore, we conclude that partitioning along the spatial and somewhat on the temporal dimensions aids in the coexistence of these mongoose species in an urban environment.
Cookbook Writers and Recipe Readers: Georgiana Hill, Isabella Beeton and Victorian Domesticity
Authors: Rich Rachel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article examines female-authored cookbooks in the 1860s, focusing in particular on the little-known work of Georgiana Hill, and the famous life of Isabella Beeton and her Book of Household Management. Looking at the state of cookbook publishing in the 1860s, and considering both the tone and content of these publications, the author argues that taking Hill’s authorial voice into account can enhance our understanding of how women operated in the highly competitive cookbook market. Hill’s and Beeton’s work, alongside that of Eliza Acton and numerous lesser-known cookery writers, suggests ways in which authors were conscious of addressing multiple audiences, including mistresses and servants, and both confident and incompetent cooks. At the same time, the frequent appearance of both European and Indian recipes suggests that the middle-class cookbook market made assumptions about the sophistication and cosmopolitanism of the domestic dinner table. The article goes on to investigate Hill’s biography, and her navigation of the publishing industry, analysing in particular the archives of George Routledge and Co., in order to argue that even while it offered female cookery writers the opportunity to capitalize on their expertise, this was still an industry in which it was difficult for a woman to be fairly rewarded for her work.
Strategies to balance energy security, business, trade and sustainable development: selected case studies†
Authors: Farah Paolo Davide 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Energy is pivotal for socio-economic and cultural development. Last century witnessed a drastic increase, on one hand on the consumption of energy and, on the other on greenhouse gases emissions. Traditionally, energy security has been linked with the need to guarantee supply and, in turn, enables economic growth. Against this background, countries focused on diversifying both energy sources and trade partners while at the same time increasing investment in energy infrastructure and technology. Investment in low-carbon energy sources for enhancing national energy policies prompts for a new understanding of energy security. The aim is, in fact, not anymore limited to securing provision but also to strengthen diversification and counteract the negative effects of energy consumption on the environment. The need to include a sustainability component to energy in trade, business and in the society at large, is adding a further layer of complexity in shaping national and international energy policy. Strategies to balance energy security, business, trade, and sustainable development are urgently needed in the Anthropocene. Creative and innovative approaches to energy policy could be found in countries where energy consumption is on a steady rise and environmental degradation is crystal clear.
A twist on the reaction of the CN radical with methylamine in the interstellar medium: new hints from a state-of-the-art quantum-chemical study
Authors: Puzzarini Cristina , Salta Zoi , Tasinato Nicola , Lupi Jacopo , Cavallotti Carlo , Barone Vincenzo 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTDespite the fact that the majority of current models assume that interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs) are formed on dust–grain surfaces, there is some evidence that neutral gas-phase reactions play an important role. In this paper, we investigate the reaction occurring in the gas phase between methylamine (CH3NH2) and the cyano (CN) radical, for which only fragmentary and/or inaccurate results have been reported to date. This case study allows us to point out the pivotal importance of employing quantum-chemical calculations at the state of the art. Since the two major products of the CH3NH2 + CN reaction, namely the CH3NH and CH2NH2 radicals, have not been spectroscopically characterized yet, some effort has been made for filling this gap.
Lithium and beryllium in the Gaia-Enceladus galaxy
Authors: Molaro P , Cescutti G , Fu X 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Data from Gaia DR2 and The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment surveys revealed a relatively new component in the inner Galactic halo, which is likely the dynamical remnant of a disrupted dwarf galaxy named Gaia-Enceladus that collided with the Milky Way about 10 Gyr ago. This merging event offers an extraordinary opportunity to study chemical abundances of elements in a dwarf galaxy, since they are generally hampered in external galaxies. Here, we focus on 7Li and 9Be in dwarf stars that are out of reach even in Local Group galaxies. Searching in GALAH, Gaia-ESO survey and in literature, we found several existing 7Li abundance determinations of stars belonging to the Gaia-Enceladus galaxy. The 7Li abundances of stars at the low metallicity end overlap with those of the Galactic halo. These are effective extragalactic 7Li measurements, which suggest that the 7Li Spite plateau is universal, as is the cosmological 7Li problem. We found a 7Li-rich giant out of 101 stars, which suggests a small percentage similar to that of the Milky Way. We also collect 9Be abundance for a subsample of 25 Gaia-Enceladus stars from literature. Their abundances share the Galactic [Be/H] values at the low metallicity end but grow slower with [Fe/H] and show a reduced dispersion. This suggests that the scatter observed in the Milky Way could reflect the different 9Be evolution patterns of different stellar components that are mixed-up in the Galactic halo.
Perturbation Maps and the ring of Haumea
Authors: Sanchez Diogo M , Deienno Rogerio , Prado Antonio F B A , Howell Kathleen C 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The dwarf planet Haumea is a trans-Neptunian object that is orbited by two moons and has a recently discovered ring. The particles of this ring are near the 3:1 resonance between the spin of Haumea and the orbital motion of the particles. In this work, the ring of Haumea is investigated using Perturbation Maps. These maps show the behaviour and impact of perturbations acting over particles around Haumea. The information coming from the maps depends on the integral type for the disturbing acceleration used to build the maps. The types II and IV are used. The numerical simulations are focused in the region between 2000 and 2500 km from the centre of Haumea, which is the region where the ring was observed, considering two initial values for the 3:1 resonant angle: θres = 0° and θres = 270°. The possible stable region for the initial angle θres = 0° is larger than the stable region for the initial angle θres = 270°. Furthermore, we found that these stable regions are not continuous, indicating that there are possible gaps in the ring. Therefore, our results suggest that Haumea may not have only one single ring, but a system of rings instead. Possible transit of the particles between the ring and the region close to the orbit of Namaka is also shown.
deepSIP: linking Type Ia supernova spectra to photometric quantities with deep learning
Authors: Stahl Benjamin E , Martínez-Palomera Jorge , Zheng WeiKang , de Jaeger Thomas , Filippenko Alexei V , Bloom Joshua S 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We present deepSIP (deep learning of Supernova Ia Parameters), a software package for measuring the phase and – for the first time using deep learning – the light-curve shape of a Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) from an optical spectrum. At its core, deepSIP consists of three convolutional neural networks trained on a substantial fraction of all publicly available low-redshift SN Ia optical spectra, on to which we have carefully coupled photometrically derived quantities. We describe the accumulation of our spectroscopic and photometric data sets, the cuts taken to ensure quality, and our standardized technique for fitting light curves. These considerations yield a compilation of 2754 spectra with photometrically characterized phases and light-curve shapes. Though such a sample is significant in the SN community, it is small by deep-learning standards where networks routinely have millions or even billions of free parameters. We therefore introduce a data-augmentation strategy that meaningfully increases the size of the subset we allocate for training while prioritizing model robustness and telescope agnosticism. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our models by deploying them on a sample unseen during training and hyperparameter selection, finding that Model I identifies spectra that have a phase between −10 and 18 d and light-curve shape, parametrized by Δm15, between 0.85 and 1.55 mag with an accuracy of 94.6 per cent. For those spectra that do fall within the aforementioned region in phase–Δm15 space, Model II predicts phases with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 1.00 d and Model III predicts Δm15 values with an RMSE of 0.068 mag.
Promoted mass growth of multiple, distant giant planets through pebble accretion and planet–planet collision
Authors: Wimarsson John , Liu Beibei , Ogihara Masahiro 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We propose a pebble-driven planet formation scenario to form giant planets with high multiplicity and large orbital distances in the early gas disc phase. We perform N-body simulations to investigate the growth and migration of low-mass protoplanets in the disc with inner viscously heated and outer stellar irradiated regions. The key feature of this model is that the giant planet cores grow rapidly by a combination of pebble accretion and planet–planet collisions. This consequently speeds up their gas accretion. Because of efficient growth, the planet transitions from rapid type I migration to slow type II migration early, reducing the inward migration substantially. Multiple giant planets can sequentially form in this way with increasing semimajor axes. Both mass growth and orbital retention are more pronounced when a large number of protoplanets are taken into account compared to the case of single planet growth. Eventually, a few numbers of giant planets form with orbital distances of a few to a few tens of aus within 1.5–3 Myr after the birth of the protoplanets. The resulting simulated planet populations could be linked to the substructures exhibited in disc observations as well as large orbital distance exoplanets observed in radial velocity and microlensing surveys.
BHLHE40 plays a pathological role in pre-eclampsia through upregulating SNX16 by transcriptional inhibition of miR-196a-5p
Authors: Mi Chunmei , Ye Bin , Gao Zhou , Du Jinzhi , Li Ruizhen , Huang Dong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE), which results from abnormal placentation, is a primary cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, the causes of abnormal development of the placenta remain poorly understood. BHLHE40 is a transcriptional repressor in response to hypoxia. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that BHLHE40 negatively regulates miR-196a-5p expression, which may decrease miR-196a-5p to target SNX16. Since SNX16 exerts an inhibitory effect on cell migration, it may disrupt trophoblast cell migration in placentation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore a possible role of the BHLHE40/miR-196a-5p/SNX16 axis in PE pathogenesis. BHLHE40, miR-196a-5p and SNX16 mRNA and/or protein levels were detected in PE and normal placenta tissues. PE models in vitro and in vivo were constructed by culturing trophoblasts under hypoxia and reducing the uterine perfusion pressure in pregnant C57/BL6N mice, respectively. BHLHE40 and SNX16 were upregulated in PE placenta, while miR-196a-5p was downregulated. Knockdown of BHLHE40 reversed miR-196a-5p expression in trophoblasts under hypoxia, and upregulation of miR-196a-5p inhibited SNX16 expression. As indicated by ChIP assay, BHLHE40 bound to the promoter of the miR-196a-5p gene; luciferase reporter analysis showed that miR-196a-5p could bind to the 3ʹ-untranslated region of SNX16 mRNA. Knockdown of either BHLHE40 or SNX16, or an increase in miR-196a-5p, restored cell viability, migration, invasion and matrix metalloprotein (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 expression under hypoxia. BHLHE40 knockdown also alleviated PE symptoms in pregnant C57/BL6N mice. This study supports involvement of the BHLHE40/miR-196a-5p/SNX16 axis in PE pathogenesis; Proper adjustment of the BHLHE40/miR-196a-5p/SNX16 axis is able to attenuate PE symptoms.
Harnessing the gut microbiota to promote metabolic health
Authors: Zmora Niv 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Precision medicine has become the mainstay of modern therapeutics, especially for neoplastic disease, but this paradigm does not commonly prevail in dietary planning. Compelling evidence suggests that individual features, including the structure and function of the gut microbiota, contribute to harvesting and metabolizing energy from food, and thereby modulate the host metabolic phenotype and glucose homeostasis. Here, the concept of precision to dietary planning is highlighted by demonstrating the role of the microbiota in glucose intolerance in response to noncaloric artificial sweeteners, and by linking the microbiota and other host features to postprandial increases in blood glucose. These findings highlight the heterogeneity that exists among humans, which translates into divergent metabolic responses to similar food and warrants the adoption of next-generation sequencing technologies and advanced bioinformatics to revolutionize nutrition studies, laying the groundwork for an individually focused tailor-made practice.
Congenital extracardiac venous system anomaly in two siblings with normal karyotype and increased nuchal translucency thickness: a case report
Authors: Takahashi Yuko , Nagamatsu Takeshi , Fujii Tatsuya , Hashimoto Ayako , Sayama Seisuke , Seyama Takahiro , Iriyama Takayuki , Kumasawa Keiichi , Osuga Yutaka , Fujii Tomoyuki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have reported that congenital heart diseases (CHDs) develop in patients with genetic and environmental predisposition. Compared to CHDs, the significance of hereditary factors in the pathogenesis of congenital venous system anomalies remains unclear. Additionally, reports describing the pathogenic relationship between venous system anomalies and increased nuchal translucency (NT) are few. We report sibling recurrence of congenital venous system anomalies. In the prenatal periods of both siblings, increased NT without aneuploidy was confirmed. In the first sibling, the absence of ductus venosus (ADV) and umbilical vein-coronary sinus anastomosis was detected using prenatal ultrasonography. In the second sibling, abnormality of the pulmonary vein was suspected prenatally, leading to a final diagnosis of infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR). This is the first report of extracardiac venous anomaly-associated recurrence of increased NT among siblings. We conclude that a hereditary factor may be responsible for the development of ADV and TAPVR.
Masseter-to-Facial Cranial Nerve Anastomosis: A Report of 30 Cases
Authors: Zotov Alexander V , Rzaev Jamil A , Chernov Sergey V , Dmitriev Alexander B , Kalinovsky Anton V , Spallone Aldo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDFacial nerve paralysis (FP) is a possible complication of cerebellopontine angle tumor surgery. Several donor nerves have been used in the past for facial reanimation. We report the results of 30 cases of masseter-to-facial anastomosis.OBJECTIVETo prospectively evaluate the efficacy of V to VII anastomosis after FP.METHODSIn a prospective study, we included 30 consecutive patients with FP (20 women and 10 men) whose mean age was 48.8 yr (32-76 yr). In almost all cases, FP developed after cerebellopontine angle tumor surgery (29 patients), whereas in one case, FP occurred after skull base trauma. Pre- and postoperative evaluation of facial nerve function was performed using the House-Brackmann (HB) scale and the Sokolovsky scale, as well as by electromyography. Follow-up ranged from 11 to 51 mo and averaged 22 mo.RESULTSAll patients achieved functional recovery of the facial nerve from VI to either III or IV HB degree. Patients with short time FP showed significantly better postoperative recovery.CONCLUSIONThe results of the V to VII anastomosis demonstrate a significant improvement of facial nerve function and virtually no complications.
Endoscopic Endonasal Resection—Olfactory Groove Meningioma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Champagne Pierre-Olivier , Snyderman Carl H , Gardner Paul A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Olfactory groove meningiomas can represent a surgical challenge, and controversy persists in regard to the optimal approach corridor.
1,2
This video exemplifies the endoscopic endonasal resection of a voluminous olfactory groove meningioma. Focus is given on the key aspects of the procedure, complication avoidance, nuances of the technique, and advantages pertaining to this approach.
3-6
The patient consented for the conception and publication of this video.
Breast cancer burden in Africa: evidence from GLOBOCAN 2018
Authors: Sharma Rajesh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is the leading malignancy in African females. This study aims to examine the breast cancer burden in Africa using recently released GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates.MethodsThe incidence and mortality estimates of age- and country-wise burden of breast cancer in 54 African countries were obtained from GLOBOCAN 2018.ResultsIn Africa, breast cancer caused 74 072 deaths, and 168 690 cases were estimated to have occurred in 2018. The age-standardized incidence rate stood at 37.9/100 000 in Africa, varying from 6.9/100 000 in the Gambia to 69.6/100 000 in Mauritius. The age-standardized mortality rate stood at 17.2/100 000 in 2018, ranging from 4/100 000 in the Gambia to 29.1/100 000 in Somalia in 2018. Nigeria was the leading country in terms of absolute burden with 26 310 cases and 11 564 deaths, followed by Egypt with 23 081 new cases and 9254 deaths. The mortality-to-incidence ratio for Africa stood at 0.44, varying from 0.24 in Libya to 0.68 in the Central African Republic.ConclusionTo tackle breast cancer burden in Africa, the main challenges are late-stage disease presentation, lack of screening and therapeutic infrastructure, lack of awareness and limited resources.