bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-depth secretome analysis of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in infected wheat uncovers effector functions
Authors: Ozketen Ahmet Caglar , Andac-Ozketen Ayse , Dagvadorj Bayantes , Demiralay Burak , Akkaya Mahinur S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The importance of wheat yellow rust disease, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), has increased substantially due to the emergence of aggressive new Pst races in the last couple of decades. In an era of escalating human populations and climate change, it is vital to understand the infection mechanism of Pst in order to develop better strategies to combat wheat yellow disease. The present study focuses on the identification of small secreted proteins (SSPs) and candidate-secreted effector proteins (CSEPs) that are used by the pathogen to support infection and control disease development. We generated de novo assembled transcriptomes of Pst collected from wheat fields in central Anatolia. We inoculated both susceptible and resistant seedlings with Pst and analyzed haustoria formation. At 10 days post-inoculation (dpi), we analyzed the transcriptomes and identified 10550 Differentially Expressed Unigenes (DEGs), of which 6072 were Pst-mapped. Among those Pst-related genes, 227 were predicted as PstSSPs. In silico characterization was performed using an approach combining the transcriptomic data and data mining results to provide a reliable list to narrow down the ever-expanding repertoire of predicted effectorome. The comprehensive analysis detected 14 Differentially Expressed Small-Secreted Proteins (DESSPs) that overlapped with the genes in available literature data to serve as the best CSEPs for experimental validation. One of the CSEPs was cloned and studied to test the reliability of the presented data. Biological assays show that the randomly selected CSEP, Unigene17495 (PSTG_10917), localizes in the chloroplast and is able to suppress cell death induced by INF1 in a Nicotiana benthamiana heterologous expression system.
MicroRNA-409-3p promotes osteoblastic differentiation via activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by targeting SCAI
Authors: Chen Nan , Yang Hao , Song Lijun , Li Hua , Liu Yi , Wu Di 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Osteogenic differentiation is an important process of new bone formation, microRNA-409-3p (miR-409-3p) has been reported to be up-regulated in the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The present study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of miR-409-3p on osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and its molecular mechanism. The expression of miR-409-3p in osteoblast (human skull osteoblast, HCO) and bone marrow-derived MSCs (MSC-A, MSC-B, MSC-U) were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The binding of miR-409-3p to suppressor of cancer cell invasion (SCAI) in MSC-B was investigated by performing a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. MSC-B was selected to transfect with miR-409-3p analog/complementary sequence (cs), miR-409-3p analog + SCAI and miR-409-3p cs + small interfering (si)-SCAI, as well as control, respectively. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red staining, and the expression of osteogenic markers (ALP, osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2)) in MSC-B during osteoblastic differentiation were tested by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. Additionally, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was inhibited by dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1) to get the roles of miR-409-3p during the osteoblastic differentiation of MSC-B when transfected with miR-409-3p analog. The expression of miR-409-3p in HCO was higher than that in these three MSCs and showed an increasing time-dependent trend on the 0 and 21st day of osteoblastic differentiation. MiR-409-3p directly regulated SCAI by targeting SCAI 3′UTR. Further, miR-409-3p suppressed SCAI expression, but SCAI up-regulation suppressed the osteoblastic differentiation, as well as reduced the relative mRNA/protein expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related genes (Axis inhibition protein 1 (AXIN1), β-catenin, Lymphoid Enhancer Binding Factor 1, Cellular-myelocytomatosis (c-myc) and cyclin D1). Importantly, disruption of Wnt signaling also blocked miR-409-3p induced osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs. Therefore, miR-409-3p promotes osteoblastic differentiation through the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by down-regulating SCAI expression.
Use of electron irradiation versus formaldehyde fumigation as hatching egg disinfectants – efficacy and impact on hatchability and broiler performance
Authors: Pees Michael , Motola Gerzon , Hafez Mohamed Hafez , Bachmeier Josef , Brüggemann-Schwarze Sarah , Tebrün Wiebke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective The use of low-energy electron irradiation for hatching egg disinfection was compared to formaldehyde fumigation.
Material and methods To assess the efficacy, eggshells were examined for bacteria before and after disinfection. During incubation, hatching and fattening of 1400 Ross 308 broilers per group candling data, hatching rate, mortality rate and body mass development were recorded to evaluate the impact on health and performance. Additionally, data from the slaughter house and histological evaluation of organ samples were included in the health screening.
Results Regarding the efficacy, irradiation and formaldehyde significantly reduced the number of bacteria compared to non-disinfected eggs. However, no significant difference was recorded between both treatments. The irradiated group performed better than the reference group concerning the number of infertile eggs, early and late dead embryos and fertile eggs. The performance during fattening was nearly identical in both groups, while mortality differed slightly between the irradiated group and the group treated with formaldehyde. Upon slaughter, there were minor variations concerning the distribution of findings between the groups, but the number of anomalies was not higher than reference values suggest.
Conclusion In both groups no health problems were observed during rearing and the fattening performance met the targets of the manufacturer Aviagen for the used broiler line Ross 308.
Clinical relevance Lower-energy electron irradiation proves to be an efficient and well-tolerated hatching egg disinfection procedure. Further field trials are necessary to establish low-energy electron irradiation as an alternative to formaldehyde fumigation.
Selenstatus in Thüringer Pferdehaltungen in Abhängigkeit des Einsatzes selenhaltiger Mineral- und Ergänzungsfuttermittel
Authors: Langner Katharina , Hörügel Uwe , Donat Karsten , Vervuert Ingrid 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel Überprüfung der auf dem deutschen Markt erhältlichen selenhaltigen Mineralleckmassen und Mineralfuttermittel in Bezug zum Selenstatus in thüringischen Pferdebetrieben bei unterschiedlichen Formen der Supplementierung von Selen (Se).
Material und Methoden Über eine Online-Recherche gefundene Se-haltige Supplemente für Pferde wurden mit den deklarierten Se-Gehalten, Se-Verbindungen und den Dosierungsempfehlungen der Hersteller erfasst. Das Weiteren wurde in 8 thüringischen Pferdebeständen der Serum-Se-Status in regelmäßigen Abständen über ein Jahr dokumentiert. Die beprobten Pferde erhielten entweder keine Se-Ergänzung oder eine Se-Supplementierung über eine Mineralleckmasse bzw. ein Se-haltiges Mineral- oder Ergänzungsfutter.
Ergebnisse Bei den Mineralleckmassen gaben 29,7 % der Hersteller Empfehlungen zur maximalen Se-Aufnahmemenge pro Tag, die ausnahmslos den täglichen Se-Bedarf eines 600 kg schweren Pferdes unter Erhaltungsbedingungen überschritten. Bei 67,5 % der untersuchten Mineralfutter lag die maximal empfohlene Dosierung für ein 600 kg schweres Pferd ebenfalls über dem Erhaltungsbedarf für Se. Die Deklaration der Futtermittel war vor allem bei den Mineralleckmassen vielfach nicht gesetzeskonform gemäß der Futtermittelverkehrsverordnung VO 767/2009. Bei der Überprüfung des Se-Status in Pferdehaltungen zeigten lediglich Tiere, bei denen Se über Mineralleckmassen mit Se-Gehalten ≥ 20–50 mg/kg oder durch Ergänzungs- oder Mineralfuttermitteln supplementiert wurde, mediane Serum-Se-Konzentrationen im Referenzbereich. Bei 2 von 10 Pferden, denen melassehaltige Mineralleckmassen mit einem Se-Gehalt ≥ 45 mg/kg angeboten wurden, lag zu einem Beprobungszeitpunkt die Serum-Se-Konzentration oberhalb des Referenzbereichs.
Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Relevanz Die Se-Ergänzung über eine Mineralleckmasse sollte aufgrund der schlechten Dosierbarkeit nur bei extensiven Haltungsformen mit fehlender Möglichkeit zur individuellen Fütterung erfolgen. Wenn eine Mineralleckmasse eingesetzt wird, ist eine Se-Konzentration von 40–50 mg/kg zu empfehlen. Aufgrund der besseren Steuerbarkeit der Se-Aufnahme sollte die Se-Supplementierung optimalerweise über ein individuell zugeteiltes Mineral- oder Ergänzungsfutter erfolgen.
Artikelserie zur Geschichte der deutschen Rheumatologie nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg
Authors: Keyßer Gernot 
Published: December 2020

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser der Aktuellen RheumatologieDie Geschichte des Fachgebiets der Rheumatologie beginnt schon mit Hippokrates, der in der Antike die Gicht mit treffenden Beobachtungen charakterisiert hat. Die von ihm propagierte Säftelehre hat letztlich auch den Begriff „Rheumatismus“ geprägt, der „das Fließende“ bedeutet und auf der Annahme beruht, dass krankmachende Säfte vom Körper in die Gelenke abfließen. Eine wissenschaftlich begründete Rheumatologie mit klar voneinander unterscheidbaren Krankheitsbildern, einer hilfreichen Diagnostik und wissenschaftlich geprüften Behandlungsmethoden ist allerdings erst ein Kind des 20.
Herzlich willkommen Professor Gaulke!
Authors: Feist Eugen , Keyßer Gernot 
Published: December 2020

Liebe Kollegen und Leser der Aktuellen Rheumatologie,wir freuen uns außerordentlich Herrn Prof. Dr. med. Ralf Gaulke im Herausgeberteam der Aktuellen Rheumatologie zu begrüßen. Eigentlich bedarf es für seine Person keiner ausführlichen Vorstellung, da er innerhalb der internistischen und orthopädischen Rheumatologie gleichermaßen ein gut bekannter und hochgeschätzter Kollege ist. Auch in der Aktuellen Rheumatologie ist Herr Prof. Gaulke kein neues Gesicht, da er bereits seit vielen Jahren als Mitglied im Editorial Board unserer Zeitschrift sehr aktiv ist und wiederholt tolle Impulse und Ideen in die Gestaltung der Aktuellen Rheumatologie eingebracht hat.
Time-Scale Shifting of Volatile Semiochemical Levels in Wild Type Lychnophora ericoides (Brazilian arnica) and Pollinator Records
Authors: Pavarini Daniel Petinatti , Semir João , Lopes João Luís Callegari , da Silva Ricardo Roberto , Lopes Norberto Peporine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Lychnophora ericoides is a Brazilian folk phytomedicine from Cerradoʼs “campus rupestris”. Its volatile organic compounds includes bisabolene-derivatives as major compounds. Herein we provide the chemical profiling of constitutive volatile sesquiterpenes from L. ericoides leaves, timeframe emissions surveys, and pollinators records. In situ samples of L. ericoides were harvested. A headspace-solid phase micro extraction method of pre-concentration was optimized. Identification was done through GC-MS. Isolation and structural elucidation were performed whenever necessary. Pollinators were registered in pictures and video. Short time-series and harmonic regressions determined rhythms of single compounds, and average chromatographic signal area was used to determine mono and sesquiterpene rhythms. Concluding, optimized headspace-solid phase micro extraction method of terpenes level analysis was reached. α-Pinene, β-pinene,
α-terpinene, para-cymene, limonene, γ-terpinene, terpinen-4-ol, dehydro-sesquicineole, and β-guaiene were identified using GC-MS data. 11-dehydro cadinol and ortho-acetoxy bisabolol were elucidated. Sesquiterpenes concentrations were higher due to temperature rise, lower leaf age, and flowering seasons. Harmonic regressions determined that daylight might control levels of terpenes. Hummingbird, hemiptera insects, and wasps were recorded visiting Compositae capitulum for the first time. We studied nondomestic plants from in situ conditions and concluded that bisabolene-derivative levels were more abundant than monoterpenes during flowering throughout the summer.
Facet Joint Replacement: Intermediate- and Long-Term Outcome in a Large Case Series
Authors: Knappe Ulrich J. , Reinecke David , Flörke Michael , Horn Peter , Schönmayr Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background The long-term outcome of facet joint replacement (FJR) still is to be proven.
Methods We present a prospective case series of 26 (male-to-female ratio of 1:1; mean age: 61 years) patients undergoing FJR with a follow-up of at least 1 year (range: 12–112; mean: 67 months). Visual analog scale (VAS) for back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) were applied pre- and postoperatively (after 3, 6, and 12 months) as well as at the last follow-up (N = 24). Using X-rays of the lumbar spine (N = 20), the range of motion (ROM) and disk height in the indicator and adjacent levels were assessed.
Results FJR was performed at L3/L4 (N = 7), L4/L5 (N = 17), and L5/S1 (N = 2). Mean VAS (mm) for back pain decreased from 71 to 18, mean VAS for right leg pain from 61 to 7, and from 51 to 3 for the left leg. Mean ODI dropped from 51 to 22% (for all p < 0.01). Eighty seven percent of patients were satisfied and pretreatment activities were completely regained in 78.3% of patients. Disk height at the indicator and adjacent levels and ROM at the indicator segment and the entire lumbar spine were preserved. No loosening of implants was observed. Explantation of FJR and subsequent fusion had to be performed in four cases (15.4%).
Conclusions In selected cases, long-term results of FJR show good outcome concerning pain, quality of life, preservation of lumbar spine motion, and protection of adjacent level.
A Quality Improvement Plan for Implementing an Innovative Organization System for Pediatric Airway Patients
Authors: Kerns Aileen K. , Mahoney Rebecca , Deeds Kathryn , Boone-Edwards Keshia , Ross Mary , Siegel Bianca 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRisks of pediatric tracheostomy are well known. The objectives of this quality improvement study were to organize tracheostomy supplies into a comprehensive care kit and demonstrate that the kits improved nursing and parental comfort in providing tracheostomy care routinely and emergently. Kits were assembled using roll-up toiletry style bags and organized in a uniform fashion with necessary supplies. Nurses and parents were surveyed using a 5-point Likert-type. Feedback was overall very positive; the kits were found to ease the transition of caring for a child with a new tracheostomy from hospital to home. This intervention can easily be adapted at other pediatric institutions.
Genome evolution of blind subterranean mole rats: Adaptive peripatric versus sympatric speciation
Authors: Li Kexin , Zhang Shangzhe , Song Xiaoying , Weyrich Alexandra , Wang Yinjia , Liu Xi , Wan Na , Liu Jianquan , Lövy Matěj , Cui Haihong , Frenkel Vladimir , Titievsky Avi , Panov Julia , Brodsky Leonid , Nevo Eviatar 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceWe substantiate genomically, repeatomically, and epigenomically the origin, demography, and timing of two divergent speciation models in the Israeli five blind subterranean species ofSpalax ehrenbergisuperspecies. Four species demonstrate a regional, chromosomal, peripatric, climatic aridity speciation model trending southward from the northern cold and humid Golan and Upper Galilee to the hot, dry Negev Desert. The fifth species shows a local, genic, geologic-edaphic, and sympatric speciation model demonstrating primary sympatric speciation in subterranean mammals. The five species are differentiated at multiple genomic levels and demonstrate different ecological mechanisms of speciation in the superspecies. Sympatric speciation may be common in nature. Numerous ecologically divergent microsites—geologic, edaphic, climatic, abiotic, biotic—abound globally, where selection overrules gene flow homogenization.
Defect model of domain nucleation growth induced by interlayers in poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) ultrathin films
Authors: Huang Zhiqiang , Zhang Xiuli , Li Xingjia , Zhu Guodong , Meng Xiangjian , Shi Zhi , Zhang Dandan , Sun Xiaohui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The polarization switching behaviors of ultrathin films of ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) capacitors with different electroactive interlayers have been studied. The polarization switching results are related to the high local electric field and complete microdynamic switching behavior can be ensured by optimizing the defect model. Weiss mean field theory was introduced to analyze the nucleation process of defect states. The spatial defects around the ferroelectric domain were aligned, resulting in a stable space configuration with low energy. Three hypothetical effects are proposed based on the recovery mechanism of dipole defects, including the obedience effect, cooperation effect and antagonism effect. Understanding and controlling defect functionality in ferroelectric materials is critical for realizing reliable applications in ferroelectric memories.
The role of oxygen in a carbon source (castor oil versus paraffin oil) in the synthesis of carbon nano-onions
Authors: Makhongoana Annah , Matsoso Boitumelo J , Mongwe Thomas H , Coville Neil J , Wamwangi Daniel , Maubane-Nkadimeng Manoko S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The role of a carbon source containing oxygen groups on the physicochemical properties of carbon nano-onions (CNOs) was investigated. Two oils, castor oil (with O groups) and paraffin oil (without O groups) were converted to CNOs in gram-scale yields using an open flame pyrolysis procedure. The products were heated under argon at 900 °C for varying times (1 h, 2 h, 3 h), to investigate the temperature dependence on their structural properties. TGA studies indicated different decomposition behaviour for the different samples with the annealed paraffinic CNOs (CNOP) having a higher decomposition temperature (>600 °C) than the castor oil derived CNOs (CNOC) (<600 °C). TEM images revealed formation of typical chain-like quasi-spherical nanostructures with particles size distributions for the CNOP (22–32 ± 7.8 nm) and the CNOC (44–51 ± 9.9 nm) materials. A detailed Raman analysis of the CNOs revealed that the graphicity of the CNOs varied with both the carbon oil source and the annealing time. Deconvolution of the first order Raman spectra revealed changes in the parameters of the major Raman bands that were then correlated with defect density ratios. Finally, bandwidth analysis depicted the dependence of the graphicity of the CNOs with heat treatment. The data thus indicate that the presence of oxygen in the carbon source provides a method for producing different CNOs and that simple procedures can be used to produce these different CNOs.
Impact of target dose inhomogeneity on BED and EUD in lung SBRT
Authors: Kuperman Vadim Y , Lubich Leslie M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose. To evaluate the effect of dose heterogeneity in the treatment target on biologically effective dose (BED) for frequently used hypofractionation regimens in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Methods. In the case of non-uniform target dose, BED in the planning target volume (PTV) is determined by using the linear–quadratic model. An expression for BED is obtained for an arbitrary dose distribution in the PTV in the case of small variance of the target dose. Another analytical expression for BED is obtained by assuming a Gaussian dose distribution in the target. Results. Analytical expressions for BED as a function of the variance of the target dose have been derived. It is shown that a relatively small dose inhomogeneity (<5%–6%) can cause a significant reduction (i.e. >10%) in the corresponding BED and equivalent uniform dose (EUD) compared to the case of uniform target dose. Conclusions. Small variations in the absorbed dose can significantly reduce BED and EUD in the PTV. The effect of dose non-uniformity on BED increases with increasing dose per fraction. The observed reduction in BED compared to that for uniform target dose can be several times greater for SBRT than for standard fractionation with dose per fraction varying between 1.8 and 2 Gy.
Application of the catalytic probe method for measuring the concentration of oxygen atoms in Ar/O2 plasma of a low-pressure arc
Authors: Kamenetskikh Alexander , Gavrilov Nikolay , Krivoshapko Sergey , Tretnikov Petr 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The monitoring of the degree of oxygen dissociation in the discharge plasma is critical for various plasma applications associated with the etching and oxidation of surfaces or the reactive deposition of oxide coatings. The use of existing measurement techniques is limited owing to their complexity, significant error rate, or application conditions. This study deals with the development of a catalytic probe method for measuring the degree of oxygen dissociation in dense arc discharge plasma. A method for measuring and processing the experimental results is presented, which allows the determination of the thermal contribution of the heterogeneous recombination of oxygen atoms at a high total heating power of the catalytic probe by particle streams and plasma radiation. The atomic oxygen concentration was measured in low-pressure arc plasma with a self-heating hollow cathode in an Ar/O2 mixture with changes in the discharge current and oxygen partial pressure over a wide range of 30–70 A and 0.2–0.6 Pa, respectively. It has been demonstrated that the maximum degree of oxygen dissociation (up to 25% of the O2 content) is achieved at the maximum discharge current and is practically independent of the oxygen flow, whereas the highest concentration of atomic oxygen is achieved when the maximum current and O2 flow values are combined. This conclusion is important for technologies based on plasma-chemical processes in high-current discharges.
New supercurrent pattern in quantum point contact with strained graphene nanoribbon
Authors: Majidi Leyla , Asgari Reza 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We theoretically reveal the unusual features of the Josephson effect in a strained zigzag graphene nanoribbon with a small length relative to the superconducting coherence length and an arbitrary width. We find a step-wise variation of the critical supercurrent with the width of the nanoribbon, showing additional small width plateaus placed between the broad steps of an unstrained structure. We further demonstrate the peculiar quantization of the critical supercurrent in terms of the strain, resulted from the coupling of the pseudospin of Dirac fermions with the strain-induced gauge potential, where the height of the steps decreases with growing the strength of the fictitious gauge potential. Moreover, our results determine the potential of the proposed superconducting quantum point contact for the realization of the supercurrent switch under an applied strain. Besides, we find the local density of states of the strained zigzag nanoribbon displays a crossover between the decaying and oscillating behavior with the distance from the edges, by tuning the width and Fermi wavelength of the nanoribbon.