bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fresh State and Mechanical Properties of SCC-POFA-CF Mixture
Authors: Iman M.A. , Mohamad N. , Raain Fasya , Sofia Anis , Mydin Azree , Samad A.A.A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the fresh state and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with addition of coir fiber (CF) as filler in range of 0.2% to 0.6% and replacing the cement in 10% with palm oil fuel ash (POFA). The workability test such as slump flow and J-ring test were used on the fresh SCC-POFA-CF mixture. The mechanical properties of SCC- POFA-CF in form of compressive, tensile and flexural strength were determine using the compressive test on cube, split tensile test on cylinder and four-point bending test on prism respectively. The increasing amount of CF in mixture resulting the decreasing of workability of SCC-POFA-CF. The SCC mixture with 0.2% CF was selected as optimum as the strength reached the allowable limit of strength. The less crack was occurred on SCC-POFA-CF compared to the control specimen. Therefore, the propagation of crack in prism of SCC was control by coir fiber.
K-S Test for Crack Increment in Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Analysis
Authors: Akramin M R M , Takahashi Akiyuki , Husnain M N M , Chuan Z L 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Crack increment is a phenomenon in fracture mechanics. It is occurred due to the stress concentration at the imperfection material. Thus, it leads a crack to growth. Then, the crack will reach to a critical crack length before catastrophic failure could occur. Before the catastrophic failure occur, the cracked structure can be fully utilised until the crack reach to the critical crack length. Thus, it is crucial to investigate the behaviour of the crack increment in fracture mechanics. The main purpose of this paper is to model the crack increment in fracture mechanics analysis via Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The modelling requires a collection of crack data through experimental work. Then, the data was evaluated based on Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The results show that the crack increment can be modelled as a Gaussian distribution.
Effects of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Recycled Coarse Aggregates in Compressive Strength of Concrete
Authors: Subarkah M G , Sjah J , Maknun I J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Innovations in concrete technology are developing and increasing rapidly. Modifications were made in concrete research to produce concrete that is strong, economically valuable, and environmentally friendly. This can be done by using concrete waste as a concrete substitution material -which is coarse aggregate- and slag waste as a concrete substitution material for cement. In this research, the characteristic properties of these materials and the effects of their use on the strength of concrete will be studied. The compositions of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) varied by 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% with the coarse aggregate composition of 40% against natural aggregate. The use of 50% GGBFS gave the compressive strength of 24.8 MPa. The use of GGBFS will result the economic value of concrete and reduce CO2 emissions.
The Impact Influence of Highway Bridge due to Moving Vehicles
Authors: Lee Bo-Han , Yeh Fang-Yao , Chen Chun-Chung , Shiao Sheng-Yuan , Chang Kuo-Chun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In recent years, rapid urbanization associated with considerable urban population growth has placed significant demands on urban transport infrastructure. As a result, more and more elevated highways, usually long piers, have been erected in urban platforms to ease urban traffic pressures. However, the high traffic volume of such highway bridges can cause significant vibration. To study the effects of vibration caused by bridge traffic, this study monitored the acceleration due to moving vehicles of an isolated bridge for 24 hours. The fast Fourier transform method and the system implementation method are then used to analyse the acceleration measurements and thus to calibrate the system parameters of the bridge and the building. Besides, the displacement from the deck to the pier and the deck acceleration were measured to investigate how vehicle transport affects the structural performance of the deck and pier. The results can be used as a reference for improving vibration problems caused by bridge traffic in the future.
Behaviour of Circular RC Column Confined with Textile Reinforced Mortar under Compression Load
Authors: Mhd Haitham J , Kaish A B M A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The effectiveness of a new structural material, namely textile-reinforced mortar (TRM), was investigated experimentally in this study as a means of confining circular RC columns with two layers at different wrapping design. Four circular columns with size 600 mm height and 150 mm diameter were wrapped with glass fibre mesh at different types of wrapping design was prepared and tested under compression load. This study aims to establish an in- depth understanding on the effect of wrapping material and the design as a contributing factor in increment of load capacity. This research come into conclusion that wrapping the circular columns with TRM has increased the load capacity for the columns as compared to unwrapped columns, the best design is 100% wrapping with 14% increment in strength. Moreover, multiple researches have proven the efficacy of TRM wrapping design with different type of materials used in their studies. Based on the contemporaneity researches, this study was the first in term of studying the behaviour of circular RC column confined with various types of glass fibre design.
Effect of Calcined Ground Seashell Ash (GSA) in Concrete by Using Liquidation Technique
Authors: Ismail S , Abd Rahman M K , Muhammad Sidek M N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This research explores the potential of seashell being used in normal concrete. Experimental work has been carried out to determine the compressive strength of concrete by adding the calcined ground seashell ash (GSA). Liquidation technique was used to liquidise the GSA. A total of 4 mixes of GSA were prepared with different variation, which are 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%. All samples were water cured at 3, 7 and 28 days. The findings were yielded in good performance of compressive strength and specimen with 2% of GSA marked the highest strength of 59.77 N/mm2 compared to other specimen.
Performance in Thermal Conductivity of Bricks Containing Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Expanded Polystyrene Beads
Authors: Adnan S H , Zolkefli N K , Osman M H , Ahmad Jeni M L , Jamellodin Z , Abdul Hamid N A , Alisibramulisi A , Abdul Roni N , Nor Akasyah M N A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Sustainable development has encouraged us to sustain the balance between the development of the country and the biodiversity conservation. Productions of lightweight bricks with thermal conductivity and density that have acceptable compressive strength are accomplished. Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) was used as partial cement replacement and an expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads was used as sand replacement to manufacture of bricks. In this study, the control sample with a Cement: POFA: Sand: EPS ratio of 1.0: 0: 3.0: 0 were produce. The cement in the sample is replace by 25% of POFA and 0%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% of EPS. In this study, the test conducted was a thermal conductivity test and density test of the POFA, EPS beads and brick raw material. This sample was cured under full air-dry curing conditions were applied in this experiment. The density of bricks containing 0% of EPS Beads with 25% of POFA are higher than that of brick containing 50% of EPS Beads with 25% of POFA which are 1850 kg/m3 and 1357.14 kg/m3, respectively. The higher the percentage of EPS beads, the lower the brick’s density. The thermal conductivity of bricks containing 0%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% EPS with 25% POFA show that brick containing 50% EPS with 25% POFA have a lower thermal conductivity with 0.09 W/m°C due to the density of the sample.
Strength and Physical Properties of Concrete Brick at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Yassin N I M , Adnan S H , Shahidan S , Ayop S S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses the strength and physical properties of lightweight concrete brick before and after being exposed to fire. For this study, lightweight concrete brick was made up of cement, sand, expanded polystyrene (EPS) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA). EPS and POFA are replacement materials used as sand and cement replacement respectively. The percentage of replacement materials was varied, which 0%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% for EPS and 0%, 10% and 25% for POFA. The strength and physical properties of bricks were observed and tested before and after being exposed to elevated temperature. Fire performance test of bricks was tested using electronic furnace where the temperature of fire was 300°C, 500°C and 700°C with heating rate 10°C/min. The duration of fire test was conducted for 2 hours. Among the physical properties that have been observed are deformation of shape, discolouration and surface cracking of brick samples. Generally, the brick strength were decreased as the percentage of materials replacement increase. The reduction of strength was continued when bricks were exposed to high temperature. However, the strength of the bricks was fluctuated when been exposed to different temperature.
Backwater Effect of Tidal Water Level Fluctuation and Riverine Discharge in An Idealized River
Authors: Awang Shariee A M S , Mohamad I N , Lee W K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Rivers debouching into the sea are subjected to tidal variation at the river mouth. Tide- river interaction can cause variations in discharge by giving an additional gradient in water level which known as a backwater effect and somehow can cause serious flood event. The main purposes for this paper are to determine the effect of backwater on the river under steady flow and flood condition. Hydrodynamic model was believed has the capabilities to simulate the behaviour of tide and flood coming from the river upstream. Numerical simulation of backwater effect due to riverine discharge into the open sea shows that significant backwater effect can be observed landward up to the point where the channel bed rises above the mean sea level. Tidal effect dominates in this lower reaches, whereas riverine peak discharge tends only to increase the water level in the upper reaches. The simple, idealized tide-river model reproduces the hydraulic of low land river well and can be extended to investigate the full range of tide and river flow to generalize the effect for backwater prediction.
Effect of Submerged Artificial Vegetation on Flow and Trapping Sediment
Authors: Nordila A , Syafiq K Y , Zuliziana S , Maidiana O 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study is about the effect of flow and trapping sediment using submerged artificial vegetation. The purpose of this study is to analyse the velocity of vegetation layer and upper layer, global flow resistance and determine the relationship between Total Suspended Solid (TSS) with flow velocity and vegetation density. Rigid cylinder model with diameter of 8 mm was used to simulate the artificial vegetation. The flow velocity on vegetation layer is found to be lowered compare to upper layer which result S-curve of vertical velocity profile. Besides, comparison of estimated and measured data of flow velocity and global flow resistance with previous researcher in term of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) also provided in this study. It is shown that at the lowest flow velocity, more sediment was trapped at the channel bed, where the TSS were increased from slow, moderate to fast velocity. The increment percentage of TSS value from slow to fast velocity were within 13.04% to 36.11% for vegetation density (m) of 1056 m−2. Next, for m of 1533 m−2, the increment percentage of TSS value from slow to fast velocity were within 5.55% to 5.26%. while m for 2756 m−2, the increment percentage of TSS value from slow to fast velocity were 6.67% and 6.25%. Slower flow velocity and higher vegetation density give the best performance in trapping sediment. It proves that the flow velocity and vegetation density play the key role for trapping sediment.
Effect of Different Aggregate Size on Sediment Concentration and Hydraulic Parameters in Overland Flow
Authors: Zuliziana S , Lathavikneswari S , Maidiana O , Nordila A , Mohd Asri M N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study is about the impact of the rainfall on different aggregate size by using the rainfall simulator. The objectives of this study are to estimate the runoff, sediment concentration production, hydraulic parameters on different aggregate size and to investigate the relationship between sediment concentration and different hydraulic parameters. The hydraulic parameters including flow velocity, flow depth, shear stress and stream power. The different aggregate size, D0.6mm and D1.18mm, were set up under the rainfall simulator on a flat surface and slope angle 20°. The rainfall simulator was adjusted to the rainfall intensity 10 Lmin−1. The average rainfall intensity was a constant variable for this experiment. The runoff flow was collected at several intervals (30, 60, 90 and 120 min) for 2 hours. Then, the hydraulic parameters, runoff discharge and sediment concentration were measured. As the result, the average of sediment concentration increased as the slope also increased, from 335.667 to 1365.333 gm−3 and 173.767 to 555.333 gm−3 for aggregate size D0.6mm and Du8mm, respectively. The measured of sediment concentration was higher as the flow depth and shear stress was decreased. On the other hand, flow velocity and unit stream power were increased when directly relate between the sediment concentrations. In general, the precision of the hydraulic parameters in anticipating sediment concentration was: flow velocity > stream power > shear stress > unit stream power > flow depth.
Performance Efficiency of a Membrane-Type Floating Breakwater for Protection of Coastal and Offshore Facilities
Authors: Pereira E J , Teh H M , Chan W L , Silavaraj T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A flexible box-type floating breakwater composed of a number of membrane ballasts filled with air, water and sand has been developed for wave protection of various coastal and offshore applications. The combination of ballasts of different materials would eventually result in the same draft for all the tested models, and the performance efficiency of each breakwater model was ascertained by the means of physical modelling. A total of four rectangular breakwater models of different dynamic properties have been developed and tested in regular wave environment in a wave flume. The performance efficiency of the breakwater is determined by the wave transmission and energy dissipation characteristics. For comparison purposes, a control test model with similar dimensions is also tested in the similar test conditions. The proposed model with sand ballast at the bottom has been proven to have a higher wave attenuation capability than the other test models and the performance efficiency is comparable to that of the rigid box-type floating breakwater in some cases.
Bacteria Load Assessment at Sungai Benut in Simpang Renggam, Johor
Authors: Al-Gheethi Adel , Rahman Junita Ab. , Saphira Radin Mohamed Radin Maya , Talip Balkis , Ezree Abdullah Mohd 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Bacteria load in Sungai Benut, Simpang Renggam Johor was assessed for its water quality index in this article. A total of 8 sampling stations at potential pollutant sources were analysed. These samples were tested for pH, temperature, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Total coliform (TC) as well as Escherichia coli. A river that has TC more than 5000 CFU/100 ml was categorized in Class IIA which need conventional treatment and sensitive to aquatic species. Average pH of Sungai Benut was recorded as acidic with pH 5.95 ± 0.94 with temperature in the range of 23.03 – 31.04 °C. Three stations included SP3, SP8 and SP9 recorded high bacterial load on the second sampling which are 12000, 12000 and 25000 CFU/100 mL for TC. The stations SP3, SP7 and SP10 recorded 3000, 20000 and 70000 CFU/100 mL of E. coli respectively. The Water Quality Index (WQI) of 11.73 – 33.95 was recorded for first sampling which indicate that Sungai Benut is polluted, need extensive treatment and prompt action from the authority. However, WQI of 29.20 – 64.25 was recorded on third sampling showing improving of water quality in Sungai Benut. Overall, Sungai Benut was fall into Class IV on first sampling which need extensive treatment and improve its quality on third sampling. Further monitoring is needed as it is still consider as slightly polluted.
Energy Use and Corruption Mitigation: Implications for the Environmental Pollution
Authors: Lee H S , Lee S Y , Har W M , Low C W 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Energy consumption is a main cause of environmental pollution emissions that dampens environmental performance. Furthermore, corruption may influence emissions unswervingly by reducing the stringency of environmental regulations which could increase environmental pollution emissions. Therefore, mitigation of corruption risks is a priority to tackle the problem of energy use that dampen environment. The objective of this study is to examine the impacts of energy use on environmental pollution and whether the corruption mitigation interact the relationship between energy use and environmental pollution. The sample includes thirteen selected Asia countries (Bangladesh, Brunei, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam) from year 1984 to 2017. Panel regression methods are employed to investigate the impacts of energy use, foreign direct investment, economic growth, population and control of corruption risk on carbon dioxide emissions. From the results, all of the models suggest that energy consumption does dampen environmental pollution. However, when energy use interacts with corruption mitigation, harmful effects that energy consumption have on environmental quality are minimised. It is concluded that increase in energy consumption will increase the pollution but this effect could be reduced with a better control on corruption. The implications of this study suggest that anticorruption strategies and effective environmental guidelines could limit the effects of energy use on environmental quality.
A Domestic Plastic Waste Recycling Procedure to Find the Optimal Heat Treatment for Better Hardness and Compression Properties
Authors: Al-Talib A M , Yong J C E , Yu L J , Choong J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The optimal recycling temperature and the time duration inside the oven to produce quality recycled plastic-waste has not been standardised. This research focuses on finding the optimal heat treatment procedures for the recycling of wasted plastics as a common guide for the recycling of wasted plastics by using basic domestic tools. Mechanical tests have been conducted on the recycled samples of HDPE and LDPE plastics to find the hardness and compression stress. It has been found that at oven temperature of 180°C, with a heating duration of 50 minutes inside the oven, yields an optimal hardness and compressive properties for LDPE. A temperature of 230° C, with a heating duration of 60 minutes, has been found to give the optimal properties for the HDPE.
Experimental Study for Determination of Bed Roughness in Open Rectangular Channel
Authors: Ahmad N A , Hadzim M F , Musa S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The experiments are carried out in a straight rectangular compound channel with fixed and nonaggregated bedding. The objectives of this study are to determine the bed roughness and flow characteristic in the open rectangular channel. This study was conducted in the hydrology and hydraulic lab at University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Flume was divided into five parts starting from 1.25m to 6.25m. There are three parameters that tested in a flume with a clear channel, crushed and coarse aggregates. The flow rate was observed with three different values of 0.007m3/s, 0.011m3/s, and 0.015m3/s. The data collected was taken by three parameters that were clearly, crushed and coarse aggregate. From the study, the value derived from the bed acquired in the study was between 0.008 to 0.018 for a clear channel, 0.030-0.013 for the crushed aggregate and 0.016-0.041 which was crushed for coarse aggregate.
The performance of Pilot-scale Constructed Wetland for treating Stormwater
Authors: Othman M , Awang M , Samsudin N , Suif Z , Ahmad N , Nor M A Md 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CW) have been recognized as one of the environmental friendly technologies and successfully used for treating a diverse range of wastewaters. CW also suitable for native wetland plants and associated fauna habitat. In an urban environment likes university campus, a constructed wetland can provide as an educational and attractive green space for learning, teaching and research activities. This work focused on the performance of pilot-scale constructed wetlands as a sustainable wastewater treatment for treating and reusing the stormwater in the mini-reservoir situated in campus area. In this study, there were two tanks of pilot-scale CW with vertical subsurface flow (VSF) and horizontal subsurface flow (HSF) systems. Both was planted with the Cat-tail Typha Angustifolia and Tube Sedge in removal of total suspended solid (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen (DO) of the stormwater in the mini-reservoir in campus. The CW without any plants referred as a control system. The results show that the CW with vertical subsurface flow (VSF) system able to remove all parameters better that horizontal subsurface flow (HSF) system. The highest percentage of removal of all parameters was at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5 hours and percentage of removal increased with an increase in HRT. The percentage of removal for total suspended solid (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen (DO) approximately 85%, 70%, 68% and 25%. Thus, the constructed wetland had the potential to increase the waste water quality level.
Determination of Heavy Metal Concentration of Benut River at Simpang Renggam, Johor
Authors: Mohamed R M S R , Jais N M , Tajuddin S A M , Al-Gheethi A A S , Kassim A H M , Abdullah M E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The present study is aimed to determine heavy metal concentration in Benut River, Simpang Renggam, Johor. Heavy metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr) and Arsenic (As) were selected for the water quality assessment due to the potential sources from natural and anthropogenic sources at the case study. Sampling was conducted twice which was on April 2019 and July 2019 at eight (8) sampling points in Benut River. Eight (8) sampling points were chosen due high potential of pollutant at point sources include chicken farm, landfill, oil palm plantation and residential. Heavy metals were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) followed the APHA (2012) standard. It can be concluded the Cu, Zn, Cd, Mn, Ni, Cr, As and Al are detected at Benut River and most of the heavy metals are within allowable standard by INWQS Class II and DWQS except for Al concentration. Therefore, concentration of heavy metals is low in Benut River for both sampling. However, continuous monitoring is needed to maintain the quality of Benut River and advance treatment could apply to the water treatment facility for this river water for household purpose.