bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy input and food output: The energy imbalance across regional agrifood systems
Authors: Rasul Kajwan , Bruckner Martin , Mempel Finn , Trsek Stefan , Hertwich Edgar G 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Biomass was the principal energy source in preindustrial societies; their agriculture provided more energy than it required. Thus, the energy return on energy investment (EROEI) needed to be &gt;1. Recent studies have indicated that this may not be the case for modern industrialized agrifood systems (AFSs). Although the green revolution radically improved agricultural yields, it came at the expense of increased energy inputs, mainly in the form of fossil fuels. AFSs relying on external energy pose a food security risk, an economic issue for agricultural producers, and an environmental issue for all. Previous EROEI studies investigated mainly certain groups of commodities, typically at the local or national level. Here, a comprehensive global analysis shows that current AFSs have a lower EROEI than previously estimated. Globally, EROEI has increased from 0.68 in 1995 to 0.91 in 2019. In low-income regions, AFSs are still energy sources, but their EROEI has declined with increasing wealth, reflecting the growing utilization of fossil fuels. AFSs of high-income regions are energy sinks, although their EROEI has improved. Food processing is responsible for 40% of the total energy use in the global AFS, notably larger than fertilizer, which accounts for 17%. More than half of the energy use in food processing is for livestock products that also require disproportionate energy input through their inefficient conversion of (human-edible) feed. Livestock products use 60% of energy inputs while delivering &lt;20% of food calories.
Large language models display human-like social desirability biases in Big Five personality surveys
Authors: Salecha Aadesh , Ireland Molly E , Subrahmanya Shashanka , Sedoc João , Ungar Lyle H , Eichstaedt Johannes C 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) are becoming more widely used to simulate human participants and so understanding their biases is important. We developed an experimental framework using Big Five personality surveys and uncovered a previously undetected social desirability bias in a wide range of LLMs. By systematically varying the number of questions LLMs were exposed to, we demonstrate their ability to infer when they are being evaluated. When personality evaluation is inferred, LLMs skew their scores towards the desirable ends of trait dimensions (i.e. increased extraversion, decreased neuroticism, etc.). This bias exists in all tested models, including GPT-4/3.5, Claude 3, Llama 3, and PaLM-2. Bias levels appear to increase in more recent models, with GPT-4’s survey responses changing by 1.20 (human) SD and Llama 3’s by 0.98 SD, which are very large effects. This bias remains after question order randomization and paraphrasing. Reverse coding the questions decreases bias levels but does not eliminate them, suggesting that this effect cannot be attributed to acquiescence bias. Our findings reveal an emergent social desirability bias and suggest constraints on profiling LLMs with psychometric tests and on this use of LLMs as proxies for human participants.
Injectable microspheres filled with copper-containing bioactive glass improve articular cartilage healing by regulating inflammation and recruiting stem cells
Authors: Gao Hua , Ning Eryu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Shao Zhiqiang , Hu Dan , Bai Lang , Che Hui , Hao Yuefeng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a frequent chronic illness in orthopedics that poses a major hazard to patient health. In situ cell therapy is emerging as a therapeutic option, but its efficacy is influenced by both the inflammatory milieu and the amount of stem cells, limiting its use. In this study, we designed a novel injectable porous microsphere (PM) based on microfluidic technology that can support in situ mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy by combining polylactic–glycolic acid copolymer, kartogenin, polydopamine, stromal cell-derived factor-1, and copper-doped bioactive glass (CuBG). The ex vivo tests demonstrated that PMs@CuBG microspheres were biocompatible and facilitated the transformation of synovial macrophages from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes by releasing CuBG to reduce joint inflammation. At the same time, the microspheres are able to recruit MSCs into the joint cavity and encourage their differentiation into chondrocytes, thereby treating articular cartilage injury. The in vivo rat experimental results show that intra-articular injection of PMs@CuBG in rats with OA improves OARSI scores, aggrecan content and the ratio of col-2α-positive cells, indicating a reparative effect on damaged cartilage within the joint. As a result, PMs@CuBG microspheres are predicted to provide a novel and successful approach to in situ cell therapy for OA.
Factors associated with early clinical remission in patients with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis
Authors: Chao Yuyan , Li Rong , Shao Yuxia , Fei Yunyun , Zhou Jiaxin , Zhao Lidan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (IRF) is a rare autoimmune-mediated condition characterized by fibro-inflammatory tissue development around the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries. Ureteral entrapment and hydronephrosis are the most common manifestations and acute renal failure or chronic renal insufficiency may occur as the consequence. Glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants may be effective but the therapeutic response and outcome are heterogeneous and hard to predict. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with early remission in patients with IRF.

Methods
This retrospective study included 91 IRF patients who visited Peking Union Medical College Hospital between May 2013 and December 2023. Clinical data and outcomes were reviewed, and the time to remission was calculated.

Results
Over a median follow-up of 2.63 years (IQR, 1.29–3.41), 38 patients achieved remission within six months after treatment initiation. In multivariable analysis, male gender (OR 5.297, 95% CI 1.445–19.420, P=0.012) and higher baseline complement component 3 (C3) (OR 2.153, 95% CI 1.131–4.097, P=0.019) levels were significantly associated with early clinical remission (≤6 months). The time to remission was negatively associated with C3 levels (r =−0.243, P=0.014). Patients with high C3 levels (≥1.144 g/l) tended to achieve remission in a shorter time than their counterparts with low C3 levels(&lt;1.144 g/l) (P=0.028). An effective nomogram model for predicting disease remission was constructed with gender and C3 (AUC=0.73, 95% CI 0.62–0.84).

Conclusion
Male gender and higher baseline C3 levels may act as potential predictors for achieving early remission in patients with IRF.
Night-to-night variability in obstructive sleep apnea severity, the physiological endotypes, and the frequency of flow limitation
Authors: Hynes Daniel J , Mann Dwayne L , Landry Shane A , Joosten Simon A , Edwards Bradley A , Hamilton Garun S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
There is substantial night-to-night variability (NtNV) in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity in some individuals; however, predictors for this remain incompletely understood. This study aims to quantify the degree of NtNV in the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), hypoxic burden, airflow limitation, and OSA endotypes; to determine if a relationship exists between the degree of NtNV in AHI and in endotype expression; to assess whether the degree of flow-limited breathing is predictive of the degree of NtNV of the AHI.

Methods
Seventy-one patients with OSA underwent 2 polysomnograms (PSGs). OSA endotypes, hypoxic burden, and flow limitation frequency were extracted from PSG data. Intraindividual agreement was assessed and associations with the NtNV of the AHI were calculated. Patients were grouped into High Variability vs Low Variability based on the degree of difference in AHI between each night.

Results
Despite wide limits of agreement, at the group level most PSG and endotype variables were not statistically different between first and second night. Flow limitation frequency was 7.7% (2.1–13, p &lt; 0.01) higher on the second night compared to baseline. There were weak linear associations between NtNV of endotypes and NtNV of the AHI. In subgroup analysis, there was greater difference between nights for Vactive (5%eupnea, p = 0.01), Vpassive (3.1%eupnea, p = 0.03), Vcomp (3.2%eupnea, p = 0.01), and arousal threshold (4.1%eupnea, p = 0.04) in the High-Variability compared to the Low-Variability group.

Conclusions
There is high NtNV in AHI, OSA endotypes, and flow limitation in some individuals; however, no strong linear relationship exists between these changes.

Clinical Trials
Combined Upper-airway and Breathing Control Therapies for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03189173?term=NCT03189173&rank=1, NCT03189173). Pharmacological Intervention for Symptomatic Mild Sleep Disordered Breathing (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04611750?term=NCT04611750&rank=1, NCT04611750). Combination Pharmacological Interventions for Multiple Mechanisms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03892772?term=NCT03892772&rank=1, NCT03892772).
Chemogenetic activation of astrocytes modulates sleep–wakefulness states in a brain region-dependent manner
Authors: Kurogi Yuta , Sanagi Tomomi , Ono Daisuke , Tsunematsu Tomomi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Astrocytes change their intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration during sleep/wakefulness states in mice. Furthermore, the Ca2+ dynamics in astrocytes vary depending on the brain region. However, it remains unclear whether alterations in astrocyte activity can affect sleep–wake states and cortical oscillations in a brain region-dependent manner.

Methods
Astrocyte activity was artificially manipulated in mice using chemogenetics. Astrocytes in the hippocampus and pons, which are 2 brain regions previously classified into different clusters based on their Ca2+ dynamics during sleep–wakefulness, were focused on to compare whether there are differences in the effects of astrocytes from different brain regions.

Results
The chemogenetic activation of astrocytes in the hippocampus significantly decreased the total time of wakefulness and increased the total time of sleep. This had little effect on cortical oscillations in all sleep–wakefulness states. On the other hand, the activation of astrocytes in the pons substantially suppressed rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in association with a decreased number of REM episodes, indicating strong inhibition of REM onset. Regarding cortical oscillations, the delta wave component during non-REM sleep was significantly enhanced.

Conclusions
These results suggest that astrocytes modulate sleep–wakefulness states and cortical oscillations. Furthermore, the role of astrocytes in sleep–wakefulness states appears to vary among brain regions.
Cyclophosphamide-induced multiple organ dysfunctions: unravelling of dose dependent toxic impact on biochemistry and histology
Authors: Sahu Asim Amitabh , Mukherjee Ankita , Nirala Satendra Kumar , Bhadauria Monika 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background: Cyclophosphamide, an immunosuppressive alkylating agent, has been used against breast cancer, lymphoma and myeloid leukemia. Despite various therapeutic uses, its toxic impacts on multiple organs remains to be fully elucidated. Aim: This study aimed to investigate dose dependent toxic impact of cyclophosphamide on liver, kidney, brain and testis emphasizing serum and tissue biochemical and histological alterations. Materials and methods: Experimental design consisted of five groups of albino rats. Group 1–5 were administered vehicle for five consecutive days. On 6th day, group 1 received vehicle only and termed as control; group 2–5 received cyclophosphamide through intraperitoneal route at the rate of 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg dose, respectively. After 24 h of the last administration, rats were euthanised; serum and tissue biochemistry; histology, sperm count and its motility were performed. Results: Serological, biochemical and histological indices exhibited dose dependent deviations from their regular status as a marker of toxicity in liver, kidney, brain and testis. Tukey’s HSD post hoc test revealed maximum damage in multiple organs with 200 mg/kg dose of cyclophosphamide.
Acute Effects of Videoconference-Delivered Exercise Sessions on Energy and Fatigue in Individuals Surviving Cancer
Authors: Gomes Emma L. , Crisafio Mary E. , Khatun Mosammat Sonia , Nabeen A.H.M. Musfiqur Rahman , Nguyen Huong Thao , Hess Ann M. , Leach Heather J. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose: High cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and low energy are commonly reported by survivors of cancer both during and following treatment(s) and can be alleviated by regular exercise. However, the immediate or “acute” effects of exercise for improving CRF and energy among survivors of cancer is not well understood. This study examined changes in CRF and energy from immediately before to immediately after exercise sessions during an 8-week videoconference exercise program. Methods: Videoconference exercise sessions were held 1× per week and consisted of light to moderate intensity aerobic and resistance exercise. Energy and CRF were self-reported immediately before and after each exercise session using a visual analog scale (0 = low, 10 = high). Separate linear mixed models were used for CRF and energy, with time (pre/post), treatment status (ie, receiving chemotherapy at the time of the program) and time × treatment interaction included as fixed effects. Results: Participants (N = 55) were M = 59 ± 9.94 years old, 96% female, with ovarian (61.8%), breast (30%), or other (7.2%) cancer, and 27% were receiving chemotherapy. There was a main effect of time for CRF [F(1, 380) = 18.96, P < .01; MΔ = − 0.63 ± −0.04], and for energy [F(1,380) = 93.91, P < .01; MΔ = 1.16 ± .001], but no effect of treatment status. Conclusion: Regardless of treatment status, CRF and energy improved from immediately before to after exercise sessions during an 8-week videoconference exercise program. Future research is needed to determine how to leverage the positive, acute effects of exercise to enhance exercise motivation and adherence, and to understand how exercise intensity may impact CRF and energy immediately following exercise.
Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma With Rare Extracutaneous Disseminated Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Dougher Meaghan C. , Cartron Alexander , Scott Jennifer , Bayerl Michael G. , Helm Matthew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:
Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (pcALCL) is a CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorder with generally favorable outcomes and infrequent extracutaneous spread, usually limited to local lymph nodes. However, there may be extensive histologic overlap with more aggressive CD30+ lymphomas, such as large cell transformation of mycosis fungoides or secondary skin involvement by anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Definitive diagnosis relies on clinicopathologic correlation. We report on a 26-year-old woman who presented to our institution with progressive lower extremity wounds for several months, previously treated with antibiotics and vacuum-assisted closure dressings. Consultation with dermatology and 2 separate biopsies eventually led to the diagnosis of pcALCL. Subsequent imaging revealed stage IV disease with innumerable intensely fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid subcutaneous, intramuscular, and visceral foci, but paucity of lymph node involvement. The patient's condition deteriorated, and she died during her hospitalization. This case reviews the clinicopathologic findings of pcALCL, emphasizes the importance of clinicopathologic correlation in differentiating between CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders, highlights the extremely rare phenomenon of systemic intramuscular and visceral disseminated disease occurring in pcALCL, and discusses implications for prognosis.
Identification of a Fetal De Novo Splice Variant in ARCN1 Associated With Growth and Skeletal Abnormalities
Authors: He Wencong , Yang Zejun , Cui Jianjian , Ma Ruilin , Tao Hui , Li Yanan , Zhao Yin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To report a fetus with ARCN1-related syndrome caused by a novel de novo heterozygous variant, highlighting the importance of early genetic diagnosis in prenatal care.

Methods:
The clinical and genetic data of a fetus with a complex combination of clinical signs and a novel de novo heterozygous variant were collected and have been summarized in this study. The potential pathogenic variant was identified throughout the whole exome sequencing and the effects of candidate variants were further validated by a minigene splicing assay.

Results:
Prenatal systematic ultrasound detected fetal growth restriction. Genetic analysis identified a novel de novo heterozygous variant within the ARCN1 gene—c.1241+5G>A—located in intron 8. In vitro minigene splicing assays demonstrated that the variant led to two abnormal transcripts. The longer transcript retained 189 base pairs of intron 8, resulting in a truncated protein of 414 amino acids (p.Ser415*). The shorter transcript involved exon 8 skippings, producing a truncated protein of 407 amino acids (p.Ile378Serfs*31).

Conclusion:
A novel de novo heterozygous variant of the ARCN1 gene, namely NM_001655.5: c.1241+5G>A, was discovered and identified in a fetus with rhizomelic short stature, microretrognathia, and developmental delays.
Misleading Renal Function Evaluation Leading to Severe Methotrexate-Induced Toxicity
Authors: Launay Manon , Vogrig Manon , Damin-Pernik Marlene , Marotte Hubert , Perinel-Ragey Sophie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:
Low-dose methotrexate has been proposed as therapy for patients with severely disabling psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. However, it can be associated with severe toxicity, such as pancytopenia, characterized by anemia (hemoglobin level <13 g/dL in men), thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150 × 109/L), and neutropenia or agranulocytosis (neutrophil count <1.5 × 109/L and 0.5 × 109/L, respectively). Here, we report a challenging clinical scenario characterized by pancytopenia and acute renal failure to inform clinicians about potential drug–drug interactions and subclinical renal insufficiency.
Menopause symptom burden and management across rural, suburban, and urban settings in a US population
Authors: Dwyer Erin R. , Maki Pauline M. , Katz Ronit , Mallampalli Monica P. , Reed Susan D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare menopause experience in rural, suburban, and urban-residing women.

Methods
A 2019 online survey of US females queried respondents on menopause symptoms, resources, and treatments. Those ≥45 years of age and in late menopause transition or postmenopause were included in the analysis. Late menopause transition and postmenopause subgroups were stratified by rural, suburban, and urban residence, and age-weighted proportions for menopause symptoms and treatments were calculated and compared using chi-square tests.

Results
A total of 1,531 respondents, 45% (n = 686) late menopause transition, mean age of 50.7 (SD 3.9) and 55% (n = 845) postmenopause, and mean age of 65.1 (SD 8.5) were included. More prevalent symptoms in late menopause transition rural residents were as follows: muscle aches and pains (urban: 49%, suburban: 49%, rural: 65%, P = 0.003), and panic attacks (urban: 18%, suburban: 24%, rural: 30%, P = 0.04). More prevalent symptoms in postmenopause rural residents were as follows: mood swings (urban: 18%, suburban: 14%, rural: 23%, P = 0.02), urinary incontinence (urban: 19%, suburban: 14%, rural: 23%, P = 0.02), and vaginal dryness (urban: 22%, suburban: 29%, rural: 37%, P = 0.004). Vasomotor symptom prevalence was high (71% late menopause transition, 20% postmeopause), but current menopause hormone therapy use was low (11% late menopause transition, 11% postmenopause) and did not differ by residence, despite differences in menopausal resources used.

Conclusions
Rural women may experience greater burden of psychological and somatic menopause symptoms but not vasomotor symptoms. Overall low rates of menopause hormone therapy use suggest a need for education regarding hormone therapy, tailored to residential groups who rely on different resources on healthy aging.
Validation and expansion of Baveno VII criteria for cACLD and CSPH based on liver stiffness and platelet count: Correlation with risk of hepatic decompensation and death
Authors: Vutien Philip , Barnard Giustini Abbey , Kim Nicole J. , Moon Andrew M. , Hsu Chun-Nan , Mezzacappa Catherine , Borgerding Joleen A. , Johnson Kay M. , VoPham Trang , Berry Kristin , Beste Lauren A. , Kaplan David E. , Taddei Tamar H. , Ioannou George N. 
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims:
Recently proposed “Rule-of-Five” criteria define compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) and clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) using liver stiffness (LS) and platelet count. We aimed to validate these criteria by determining whether they are associated with risk of adverse outcomes.

Approach and Results:
Patients without prior hepatic decompensation or HCC who underwent LS and platelet measurements (n = 17,076) were categorized as follows: no cACLD (LS: 2.5–9.9 kPa); probable cACLD (LS: 10–14.9 kPa); certain cACLD-no CSPH (LS: 15–19.9 kPa and platelets ≥110,000/µL or LS 20–24.9 kPa and platelets ≥150,000/µL); probable CSPH (LS 15–19.9 kPa and platelets <110,000/µL or LS 20–24.9 and platelets <150,000/µL); and certain CSPH (LS ≥25 kPa), which we further subdivided into 25–49.9 and 50–75 kPa.
During a median follow-up of 2.82 years, each increase in the “Rule-of-Five” category was associated linearly with higher risks of death (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.18–1.25) and decompensation (HR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.46–1.58). Compared to patients with LS 25–49.9 kPa, those with LS 50–75 kPa (“critical” CSPH) had approximately double the risk of decompensation (11.24 vs. 4.20 per 100 patient-years) and death (9.85 vs. 6.98 per 100 patient-years).

Conclusions:
The Baveno VII “Rule-of-Five” criteria provide a valid system for stratifying risks of death and hepatic decompensation and should be used routinely in patients with chronic liver disease. Among patients with CSPH (LS ≥25 kPa), the subgroup with LS 50–75 kPa (“critical” CSPH) has approximately double the risk of death and hepatic decompensation than LS 25–49.9 kPa.