bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacodynamics of Glyburide, Metformin, and Glyburide/Metformin Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Shuster Diana L. , Shireman Laura M. , Ma Xiaosu , Shen Danny D. , Flood Nichols Shannon K. , Ahmed Mahmoud S. , Clark Shannon , Caritis Steve , Venkataramanan Raman , Haas David M. , Quinney Sara K. , Haneline Laura S. , Tita Alan T. , Manuck Tracy A. , Thummel Kenneth E. , Brown Linda Morris , Ren Zhaoxia , Brown Zane , Easterling Thomas R. , Hebert Mary F. 
Published: December 2019

In gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), women are unable to compensate for the increased insulin resistance during pregnancy. Data are limited regarding the pharmacodynamic effects of metformin and glyburide during pregnancy. This study characterized insulin sensitivity (SI), β‐cell responsivity, and disposition index (DI) in women with GDM utilizing a mixed‐meal tolerance test (MMTT) before and during treatment with glyburide monotherapy (GLY, n = 38), metformin monotherapy (MET, n = 34), or GLY and MET combination therapy (COMBO; n = 36). GLY significantly decreased dynamic β‐cell responsivity (31%). MET and COMBO significantly increased SI (121% and 83%, respectively). Whereas GLY, MET, and COMBO improved DI, metformin (MET and COMBO) demonstrated a larger increase in DI (P = 0.05) and a larger decrease in MMTT peak glucose concentrations (P = 0.03) than subjects taking only GLY. Maximizing SI with MET followed by increasing β‐cell responsivity with GLY or supplementing with insulin might be a more optimal strategy for GDM management than monotherapy.
A 1‐bit full adder using CNFET based dual chirality high speed domino logic
Authors: Garg Sandeep , Gupta Tarun K. , Pandey Amit K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCNFET devices are preferred over CMOS devices for designing high‐speed digital circuits. This paper introduces a new technique Dual Chirality High‐speed Domino Logic (DCHSDL) for implementing low power and high‐speed domino circuits in CNFET technology. Simulations are carried out for 32 nm Stanford CNFET model in HSPICE for 2, 4, 8 and 16 input domino OR gates at a clock frequency of 200 MHz on a DC supply voltage of 0.9 V. The proposed domino technique shows maximum power reduction of 82.55% and maximum delay reduction of 57.97% compared to CPVT technique in CNFET technology at a frequency of 200 MHz. The proposed circuit shows maximum power reduction of 97.90% compared to its analogous circuit in CMOS technology for a 2‐input domino OR gate. The proposed technique shows maximum improvement of 1.05× to 1.63× in unity noise gain (UNG) compared to various existing techniques in CNFET technology at a frequency of 200 MHz. The 1‐bit Full Adder designed using the proposed technique shows a power reduction of 16.91% and a delay reduction of 23.64% compared to standard FDL 1‐bit Full Adder.
Full flexible performance characterization of a feedback applied transistor with LNA applications
Authors: Güneş Filiz , Yurttakal Oktay 
Published: December 2019

SummaryIn this paper, the full flexible performance characterization of a transistor with series inductive/parallel capacitive feedback is carried out in terms of LNA applications. For this purpose, the input VSWR Vin–maximum available gain GTmax variations are constructed for a high technology low‐noise transistor that is subject to the required noise figure Freq(f) ≥ Fmin(f) along the device's operation band depending on the feedback. These Vin–GTmax variations result in the application of a design chart that indicates which value of feedback can be applied within which region of the operation band with the improvable trade‐off between the Vin and output VSWR Vout for the Freq(f) ≥ Fmin(f). Following this, the optimum trade‐off between Vin and Vout is made for the necessary operation frequency regions using the load impedance ZL as an instrument with the predetermined source impedance ZS. Finally, the LNA applications of a series inductive/parallel capacitive feedback applied transistor with the optimum Vin, Vout, and GT subject to Freq(f) ≥ Fmin(f) ≥ are also presented as distributed across the entire bandwidth in the different operation bands. It can be concluded that this rigorous work will enable a designer to utilize the entire operation frequency band of transistor through using only a single series inductive/parallel capacitive feedback for the LNA designs of Freq(f) ≥ Fmin(f) with the optimum trade‐offs among its performance measures.
Thermal dynamics in the flux‐coordinate independent turbulence code GRILLIX
Authors: Zholobenko W. , Stegmeir A. , Body T. , Ross A. , Manz P. , Maj O. , Coster D. , Jenko F. , Francisquez M. , Zhu B. , Rogers B.N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGRILLIX employs the flux‐coordinate independent approach (FCI), which allows us to study boundary plasma turbulence in realistic diverted configurations. Recently, the physical model in GRILLIX has been extended to a global drift‐reduced Braginskii model, without any separation between background and fluctuations. It includes electromagnetic and thermal dynamics with hot ions, relaxation of the Boussinesq approximation and non‐linear parametric dependencies. This contribution presents solutions to associated issues, that is, the ion diamagnetic polarization and the stiff parallel heat conduction. Simulations based on parameters characteristic for the Alcator C‐Mod tokamak were carried out. In circular geometry, the self‐consistent electric field contains zonal flows and geodesic acoustic modes in the confined region. In the scrape‐off layer, the electron parallel heat conduction and its boundary condition determine the temperature and electric field, leading to sheared flows at the last closed flux surface.
Binge eating and purging in first‐year college students: Prevalence, psychiatric comorbidity, and academic performance
Authors: Serra Riccardo , Kiekens Glenn , Vanderlinden Johan , Vrieze Elske , Auerbach Randy P , Benjet Corina , Claes Laurence , Cuijpers Pim , Demyttenaere Koen , Ebert David D , Tarsitani Lorenzo , Green Jennifer Greif , Kessler Ronald C , Nock Matthew K , Mortier Phillippe , Bruffaerts Ronny 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundBinge eating and purging behaviors (BPB) are common among college students, but evidence is scant on prevalence and associations of BPB with mental health problems and objective academic performance. This study aims to investigate: (a) 12‐month prevalence of BPB among college first‐year students, (b) comorbidity patterns of BPB with various mental health problems, and (c) the association of BPB with objective academic functioning.MethodsUsing data from the Leuven College Surveys (Belgium), as part of the World Mental Health Surveys International College Student initiative, we cross‐sectionally assessed 12‐month BPB and mental health problems among college first‐year students (n = 4,889; response rate = 73.2%) at the beginning of the academic year. Objective measures of academic functioning (final grades, expressed in academic year percentage “AYP” [0–100%] and academic failure) were obtained from administrative records at the end of the academic year.ResultsTwelve‐month prevalence of BPB was 7.6% (7.3%binge eating and 1.0%purging), with higher rates among females than males. Bivariate models showed an association between BPB and numerous mental health problems (ORs = 3.4–18.4). Multivariate models showed associations with non‐suicidal self‐injury, post‐traumatic stress, internalizing/externalizing problems and suicidal ideation. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and comorbid mental health problems, BPB were still associated with lower AYP (−4.1 to −11.2% range) and elevated odds of academic year failure (ORs = 1.4–4.2).ConclusionsBPB (especially binge eating) are relatively common and associated with mental health problems, comparatively low academic performance, and higher risk of academic failure among college first‐year students. Further study is needed to examine the causal dynamics underlying these associations.
Overfishing and the ecological impacts of extirpating large parrotfish from Caribbean coral reefs
Authors: Shantz Andrew A. , Ladd Mark C. , Burkepile Deron E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe unique traits of large animals often allow them to fulfill functional roles in ecosystems that small animals cannot. However, large animals are also at greater risk from human activities. Thus, it is critical to understand how losing large animals impacts ecosystem function. In the oceans, selective fishing for large animals alters the demographics and size structure of numerous species. While the community‐wide impacts of losing large animals are a major theme in terrestrial research, the ecological consequences of removing large animals from marine ecosystems remain understudied. Here, we combine survey data from 282 sites across the Caribbean with a field experiment to investigate how altering the size structure of parrotfish populations impacts coral reef communities. We show that Caribbean‐wide, parrotfish populations are skewed toward smaller individuals, with fishes <11 cm in length comprising nearly 70% of the population in the most heavily fished locations vs. ~25% at minimally fished sites. Despite these differences in size structure, sites had similar overall parrotfish biomass. As a result, algal cover was unrelated to parrotfish biomass and instead, was negatively correlated with the density of large parrotfishes. To mechanistically explore how large parrotfishes shape benthic communities, we manipulated fishes’ access to the benthos to create three distinct fish communities with different size structure. We found that excluding large or large and medium‐sized parrotfishes did not alter overall parrotfish grazing rates but caused respective 4‐ and 10‐fold increases in algal biomass. Unexpectedly, branching corals benefited from excluding large parrotfishes whereas the growth of mounding coral species was impaired. Similarly, removing large parrotfishes led to unexpected increases in coral recruitment that were absent when both large and medium bodied fishes were excluded. Our data highlight the unique roles of large parrotfishes in driving benthic dynamics on coral reefs and suggests that diversity of size is an important component of how herbivore diversity impacts ecosystem function on reefs. This study adds to a growing body of literature revealing the ecological ramifications of removing large animals from ecosystems and sheds new light on how fishing down the size structure of parrotfish populations alters functional diversity to reshape benthic reef communities.
Validity of heart failure diagnoses made in 2000–2012 in western Sweden
Authors: Schaufelberger Maria , Ekestubbe Sofia , Hultgren Simon , Persson Hans , Reimstad Ann , Schaufelberger Mattias , Rosengren Annika 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study is to validate a diagnosis of heart failure (HF) according to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines among patients hospitalized at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden, between 2000 and 2012.Methods and resultsIn Sweden, it is mandatory to report all hospital discharge diagnoses to the Swedish national inpatient register. In total, 27 517 patients were diagnosed with HF at the Sahlgrenska University hospital between 2000 and 2012. Altogether, 1100 records with a primary (n = 550) or contributory (n = 550) diagnosis of HF were randomly selected. The diagnosis was validated according to the ESC guidelines from 1995, 2001, 2005, and 2008, and cases were divided into three groups: definite, probable, and miscoded. In total, 965 cases were validated, while 135 records were excluded for various reasons. Of the 965 records, the diagnosis was validated as definite in 601 (62.3%) and as probable in 310 (32.1%); only 54 (5.6%) of cases had been miscoded. Echocardiography, as an objective evidence of cardiac dysfunction, had been performed in 581 (96.7%) of the definite, 106 (34.2%) of the probable, and 31 (57.4%) of the miscoded cases. Among the probable cases, the main reason they had not been classified as a definitive diagnosis of HF was lack of examination by echocardiography (63.8%).ConclusionsThe overall validity of HF diagnosis at Sahlgrenska University Hospital is high. This may reflect a high diagnostic validity at the time of diagnosis in the national Swedish patient register, supporting the continued use of this register in epidemiological research.
Single Cell Electrochemiluminescence Analysis of Cholesterol in Plasma Membrane during Testosterone Treatment
Authors: Li Linyu , Liu Kang , Fang Danjun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe fluctuation of cholesterol in plasma membrane at single cells during testosterone treatment was evaluated using luminol electrochemiluminescence at the first time. Testosterone over the human physiological concentration induced more membrane cholesterol that was associated with upregulated cholesterol synthesis inside the cells. However, the evaluation at single cell level revealed some individual cells with similar membrane cholesterol, while the other individual cells with more membrane cholesterol after the treatment. The observation of non‐responsive cells to testosterone treatment exhibited the heterogeneous cellular function during this process, which should provide more information to understand the side effects of testosterone replacement therapy.
Chlorpromazine Electro‐oxidation at BDD Electrode Modified with nZVI Nanoparticles Impregnated NiAl LDH
Authors: Djebbi Mohamed Amine , Boubakri Saber , Braiek Mohamed , Jaffrezic‐Renault Nicole , Namour Philippe , Amara Abdesslem Ben Haj 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNanocomposite of nanoscale zero‐valent iron (nZVI) and layered double hydroxide (LDH) was used as modifier for boron‐doped diamond electrode in determination of anti‐psychotic drug chlorpromazine (CPZ). nZVI nanoparticles were prepared by liquid phase reduction of ferric chloride with sodium borohydride on the surface of NiAl LDH matrix owing to the strong exchange and confinement efficiency of LDH. The structure, binding and surface properties of the nZVI@LDH nanocomposite were monitored using powder X‐ray diffractometry, FT‐IR spectroscopy, scanning and transmission microscopy and BET techniques. The electrochemical properties of the modified electrode were investigated by CV and EIS, performed in a phosphate buffer containing ferro/ferricyanide as redox probe. The modified electrode exhibited excellent electrochemical performance compared with unmodified electrode. As regard potential application of the nanocomposite surface to the CPZ detection, square‐wave voltammetric signals showed a good linear correlation over CPZ concentrations in a broad range from 0.1 to 8.0 μM with low detection limit of 0.005 μM. Nevertheless, these results suggest that the proposed nanocomposite modifier surface provides exceptional synergy and significant enhancement effect to the voltammetric response of CPZ and thus could be applied as highly efficient and stable platform of sensors in clinical analysis.
EPOWT: A denoising technique of the electrocardiography signal transmission via 5G wireless communications
Authors: Bhuyar Devendra Laxman , Kureshi Abdul Kadir 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThis article provides a thorough review of 5G wireless electrocardiography (ECG) communication for actual cardiac signal using both technical and clinical features for the purpose of recommending real‐time observation. Major issue regarding this frame work is the distortion and smoothness of ECG signal for the cardiologist advice also it needs correct diagnosis at the proper time. Extensive 5G wireless simulated scenarios are used to supervise the compressed ECG signal on reception. An efficient ECG transmission protocol is a modern and consistent ECG transmission protocol which is used to retransmit the noise signals. Thus, we are filtering the ECG signals to improve the quality which may directly affects the medical diagnosis. Because, time and frequency indicators can be obtained by the wavelet analysis but majority of the error functions cannot be flexible to various signals because of the static transition curve of threshold. Hence, we proposed a new emperor penguin optimization (EPO) together with wavelet thresholding (EPOWT) method. Here, the EPOWT is estimated through the means of real‐time ECG records. The outcomes of filtering process shows that the proposed EPOWT approach can achieve smooth threshold transition and soft thresholding bring the wavelet coefficient. EPOEPO algorithm is used to improve its flexibility to different signals. The EPOWT can generate an essential noise‐free signal by balancing the smoothness and signal distortion filtering for transmission. The proposed method can attains 2.9 seconds delay during simulation. Thus, the 5G wireless channel parameter's functioning zone is simple to acquire.
Antipyretic and hepatoprotective potential of Tinospora crispa and investigation of possible lead compounds through in silico approaches
Authors: Rakib Ahmed , Ahmed Shahriar , Islam Md. Ashiqul , Haye Abdul , Uddin S. M. Naim , Uddin Mir Muhammad Nasir , Hossain Mohammed Kamrul , Paul Arkajyoti , Emran Talha Bin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis research describes an investigation of the antipyretic and hepatoprotective properties of both a crude organic extract and various subfractions of the ethnomedicinal plant Tinospora crispa, using appropriate animal models. In an attempt to identify potential lead hepatoprotective compounds, in silico experiments were utilized. Antipyretic activity was assessed via the Brewer's yeast‐induced pyrexia method, while hepatoprotective effects were evaluated in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced animal model. A computer‐aided prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS) model was applied to a selection of documented phytoconstituents, with the aim of identifying those compounds with most promising hepatoprotective effects. Results were analyzed using Molinspiration software. Our results showed that both the methanol extract (METC) and various subfractions (pet ether, PEFTC; n‐hexane, NHFTC; and chloroform, CFTC) significantly (p < .05) reduced pyrexia in a dose‐dependent manner. In CCl4‐induced hepatotoxicity studies, METC ameliorated elevated hepatic markers including serum alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly reduced, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were significantly increased. Among a selection of metabolites of T. crispa, genkwanin was found to be the most potent hepatoprotective constituent using PASS predictive models. These results demonstrate that both the methanolic extract of T. crispa and those fractions containing genkwanin may offer promise in reducing pyrexia and as a source of potential hepatoprotective agents.
A molecularly distinct subset of glioblastoma requires serum‐containing media to establish sustainable bona fide glioblastoma stem cell cultures
Authors: Maturi Naga Prathyusha , Tan E‐Jean , Xie Yuan , Sundström Anders , Bergström Tobias , Jiang Yiwen , Uhrbom Lene 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and deadly primary malignant brain tumor. Hallmarks are extensive intra‐tumor and inter‐tumor heterogeneity and highly invasive growth, which provide great challenges for treatment. Efficient therapy is lacking and the majority of patients survive less than 1 year from diagnosis. GBM progression and recurrence is caused by treatment‐resistant glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). GSC cultures are considered important models in target identification and drug screening studies. The current state‐of‐the‐art method, to isolate and maintain GSC cultures that faithfully mimic the primary tumor, is to use serum‐free (SF) media conditions developed for neural stem cells (NSCs). Here we have investigated the outcome of explanting 218 consecutively collected GBM patient samples under both SF and standard, serum‐containing media conditions. The frequency of maintainable SF cultures (SFCs) was most successful, but for a subgroup of GBM specimens, a viable culture could only be established in serum‐containing media, called exclusive serum culture (ESC). ESCs expressed nestin and SOX2, and displayed all functional characteristics of a GSC, that is, extended proliferation, sustained self‐renewal and orthotopic tumor initiation. Once adapted to the in vitro milieu they were also sustainable in SF media. Molecular analyses showed that ESCs formed a discrete group that was most related to the mesenchymal GBM subtype. This distinct subgroup of GBM that would have evaded modeling in SF conditions only provide unique cell models of GBM inter‐tumor heterogeneity.
Caprin‐1 Promotes Cellular Uptake of Nucleic Acids with Backbone and Sequence Discrimination
Authors: Galli Valentina , Sadhu Kalyan K. , Masi Daniela , Saarbach Jacques , Roux Aurélien , Winssinger Nicolas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe cellular delivery of oligonucleotides has been a major obstacle in the development of therapeutic antisense agents. PNAs (Peptide Nucleic Acid) are unique in providing a modular peptidic backbone that is amenable to structural and charge modulation. While cationic PNAs have been shown to be taken up by cells more efficiently than neutral PNAs, the generality of uptake across different nucleobase sequences has never been tested. Herein, we quantified the relative uptake of PNAs across a library of 10 000 sequences for two different PNA backbones (cationic and neutral) and identified sequences with high uptake and low uptake. We used the high uptake sequence as a bait for target identification, leading to the discovery that a protein, caprin‐1, binds to PNA with backbone and sequence discrimination. We further showed that purified caprin‐1 added to cell cultures enhanced the cellular uptake of PNA as well as DNA and RNA.
A resistance to change perspective on nonusers of telecenters
Authors: Gollakota Kamala , Pick James B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe contend that nonuse is different from low use and explore reasons for nonuse of telecenters by small and marginal farmers in rural India. We take a resistance to change perspective to understand reasons for nonuse. Based on an exploratory empirical study of small and marginal farmers, we show that there are important differences between users and nonusers. In addition to demographic differences, nonusers were more satisfied with current sources of information, had lower awareness of the potential of telecenters, and were less concerned about the factors that influenced low use, such as quality of information, cost, and location. These differences have important implications for providers and policy makers who need to have different strategies toward nonusers and users.