bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Steps in the Development of an Expertise-Based Anthroposophic Complex Intervention for Oncological Treatment in Primary Care: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Belt-van Zoen E. , De Bruin A. M. , Ponstein A. S. , Ephraïm M. P. , Baars E. W. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The aim of this study was to develop a prototype of an anthroposophic complex intervention (CI) for oncological patients in primary care. Methods: Standardized methods for the development of CIs were used. Qualitative data were collected among professionals (n = 44) working in 3 Dutch anthroposophic primary care centers. The following topics were discussed in interviews and panel discussions (n = 12): treatment phases, treatment dimensions, treatment goals, and content of the indicated treatments and therapies. In a multidisciplinary focus group (n = 23) completeness and comprehensibility of the CI, and integration in daily practice were addressed. Subsequently, the developed CI was tested on face validity (n = 21) and compared with conventional guidelines. Results: Professionals reached consensus about 4 oncological treatment phases, 4 anthroposophic treatment dimensions, and twelve general treatment goals. The following anthroposophic therapies were found to be suited for oncological patients in primary care: medication (eg, mistletoe preparations); nursing (eg, external embrocation); physiotherapy (eg, rhythmic massage); eurythmy therapy; dietetics; art therapy; and counseling. The content of each therapy must be tailored to the individual. Comparison with existing guidelines demonstrated added value and the ability to fit with conventional care. Discussion: Strengths of the developed CI prototype are its focus on primary care, its practical applicability, the use of validated research methods, and the check on face validity in 2 other Dutch anthroposophic primary care centers. Limitations are that no systematic literature review was done and patient experiences were not collected. Conclusions: An applicable prototype of an anthroposophic CI for oncological patients in primary care was developed. To complete the development of this CI, a systematic review of the literature is needed, feasibility should be tested, patient experiences need to be collected, and implementation should be initiated and monitored. Finally, development of a patient decision aid (PtDA) and a decision-making tool (DMT) are recommended.
RCAN1 in cardiovascular diseases: molecular mechanisms and a potential therapeutic target
Authors: Wang Shuai , Wang Yuqing , Qiu Kaixin , Zhu Jin , Wu Yili 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Considerable efforts are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for the prevention and treatment of CVDs. Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is involved in both development/maintenance of the cardiovascular system and the pathogenesis of CVDs. RCAN1 reduction protects against atherosclerosis by reducing the uptake of oxidized low-density lipoproteins, whereas RCAN1 has a protective effect on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial hypertrophy and intramural hematoma/aortic rupture mainly mediated by maintaining mitochondrial function and inhibiting calcineurin and Rho kinase activity, respectively. In this review, the regulation and the function of RCAN1 are summarized. Moreover, the dysregulation of RCAN1 in CVDs is reviewed. In addition, the beneficial role of RCAN1 reduction in atherosclerosis and the protective role of RCAN1 in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial hypertrophy and intramural hematoma /aortic rupture are discussed, as well as underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential and challenges of targeting RCAN1 for CVDs treatment are also discussed.
Regulatory T cells mediated immunomodulation during asthma: a therapeutic standpoint
Authors: Khan Mohammad Afzal 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAsthma is an inflammatory disease of the lung airway network, which is initiated and perpetuated by allergen-specific CD4+T cells, IgE antibodies, and a massive release of Th2 cytokines. The most common clinical manifestations of asthma progression include airway inflammation, pathological airway tissue and microvascular remodeling, which leads to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and reversible airway obstruction. In addition to inflammatory cells, a tiny population of Regulatory T cells (Tregs) control immune homeostasis, suppress allergic responses, and participate in the resolution of inflammation-associated tissue injuries. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated a tremendous therapeutic potential of Tregs in allergic airway disease, which plays a crucial role in immunosuppression, and rejuvenation of inflamed airways. These findings supported to harness the immunotherapeutic potential of Tregs to suppress airway inflammation and airway microvascular reestablishment during the progression of the asthma disease. This review addresses the therapeutic impact of Tregs and how Treg mediated immunomodulation plays a vital role in subduing the development of airway inflammation, and associated airway remodeling during the onset of disease.
Electrostimulation of the carotid sinus nerve in mice attenuates inflammation via glucocorticoid receptor on myeloid immune cells
Authors: Falvey Aidan , Duprat Fabrice , Simon Thomas , Hugues-Ascery Sandrine , Conde Silvia V. , Glaichenhaus Nicolas , Blancou Philippe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe carotid bodies and baroreceptors are sensors capable of detecting various physiological parameters that signal to the brain via the afferent carotid sinus nerve for physiological adjustment by efferent pathways. Because receptors for inflammatory mediators are expressed by these sensors, we and others have hypothesised they could detect changes in pro-inflammatory cytokine blood levels and eventually trigger an anti-inflammatory reflex.MethodsTo test this hypothesis, we surgically isolated the carotid sinus nerve and implanted an electrode, which could deliver an electrical stimulation package prior and following a lipopolysaccharide injection. Subsequently, 90 min later, blood was extracted, and cytokine levels were analysed.ResultsHere, we found that carotid sinus nerve electrical stimulation inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced tumour necrosis factor production in both anaesthetised and non-anaesthetised conscious mice. The anti-inflammatory effect of carotid sinus nerve electrical stimulation was so potent that it protected conscious mice from endotoxaemic shock-induced death. In contrast to the mechanisms underlying the well-described vagal anti-inflammatory reflex, this phenomenon does not depend on signalling through the autonomic nervous system. Rather, the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumour necrosis factor production by carotid sinus nerve electrical stimulation is abolished by surgical removal of the adrenal glands, by treatment with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone or by genetic inactivation of the glucocorticoid gene in myeloid cells. Further, carotid sinus nerve electrical stimulation increases the spontaneous discharge activity of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus leading to enhanced production of corticosterone.ConclusionCarotid sinus nerve electrostimulation attenuates inflammation and protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxaemic shock via increased corticosterone acting on the glucocorticoid receptor of myeloid immune cells. These results provide a rationale for the use of carotid sinus nerve electrostimulation as a therapeutic approach for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
An integrity monitoring algorithm for WiFi/PDR/smartphone-integrated indoor positioning system based on unscented Kalman filter
Authors: Yao Haiyun , Shu Hong , Sun Hongxing , Mousa B. G. , Jiao Zhenghang , Suo Yingbo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIndoor positioning navigation technologies have developed rapidly, but little effort has been expended on integrity monitoring in Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) and WiFi indoor positioning navigation systems. PDR accuracy will drift over time. Meanwhile, WiFi positioning accuracy decreases in complex indoor environments due to severe multipath propagation and interference with signals when people move about. In our research, we aimed to improve positioning quality with an integrity monitoring algorithm for a WiFi/PDR-integrated indoor positioning system based on the unscented Kalman filter (UKF). The integrity monitoring is divided into three phases. A test statistic based on the innovation of UKF determines whether the positioning system is abnormal. Once a positioning system abnormality is detected, a robust UKF (RUKF) is triggered to achieve higher positioning accuracy. Again, the innovation of RUKF is used to judge the outliers in observations and identify positioning system faults. In the last integrity monitoring phase, users will be alerted in time to reduce the risk from positioning fault. We conducted a simulation to analyze the computational complexity of integrity monitoring. The results showed that it did not substantially increase the overall computational complexity when the number of dimensions in the state vector and observation vector in the system is small (< 20). In practice, the number of dimensions of state vector and observation vector in an indoor positioning system rarely exceeds 20. The proposed integrity monitoring algorithm was tested in two field experiments, showing that the proposed algorithm is quite robust, yielding higher positioning accuracy than the traditional method, using only UKF.
The mixed problem in the theory of strain gradient thermoelasticity approached with the Lagrange identity
Authors: Marin Marin , Vlase Sorin , Tuns Ioan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn our paper we address the thermoelasticity theory of the strain gradient. First, we define the mixed problem with initial and boundary data in this context. Then, with the help of an identity of Lagrange type, we prove some uniqueness theorems with regards to the solution of this problem and two theorems with regards to the continuous dependence of solutions on loads and on initial data. We want to highlight that the use of the approach proposed in this work enables obtaining results without recourse to any boundedness assumptions on the coefficients or to any laws of conservation of energy. Also, we do not impose restrictions on thermoelastic coefficients regarding their positive definition.
Comparison of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, H7N9 and H1N1
Authors: Deng Li-Si , Yuan Jing , Ding Li , Chen Yuan-Li , Zhao Chao-Hui , Chen Gong-Qi , Li Xing-Hua , Li Xiao-He , Luo Wen-Tao , Lan Jian-Feng , Tan Guo-Yu , Tang Sheng-Hong , Xia Jin-Yu , Liu Xi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
There is an urgent need to better understand the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), for that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. This paper was to differentiate COVID-19 from other respiratory infectious diseases such as avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) and influenza A (H1N1) virus infections.

Methods
We included patients who had been hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed infection by SARS-CoV-2 (n = 83), H7N9 (n = 36), H1N1 (n = 44) viruses. Clinical presentation, chest CT features, and progression of patients were compared. We used the Logistic regression model to explore the possible risk factors.

Results
Both COVID-19 and H7N9 patients had a longer duration of hospitalization than H1N1 patients (P < 0.01), a higher complication rate, and more severe cases than H1N1 patients. H7N9 patients had higher hospitalization-fatality ratio than COVID-19 patients (P = 0.01). H7N9 patients had similar patterns of lymphopenia, neutrophilia, elevated alanine aminotransferase, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and those seen in H1N1 patients, which were all significantly different from patients with COVID-19 (P < 0.01). Either H7N9 or H1N1 patients had more obvious symptoms, like fever, fatigue, yellow sputum, and myalgia than COVID-19 patients (P < 0.01). The mean duration of viral shedding was 9.5 days for SARS-CoV-2 vs 9.9 days for H7N9 (P = 0.78). For severe cases, the meantime from illness onset to severity was 8.0 days for COVID-19 vs 5.2 days for H7N9 (P < 0.01), the comorbidity of chronic heart disease was more common in the COVID-19 patients than H7N9 (P = 0.02). Multivariate analysis showed that chronic heart disease was a possible risk factor (OR > 1) for COVID-19, compared with H1N1 and H7N9.

Conclusions
The proportion of severe cases were higher for H7N9 and SARS-CoV-2 infections, compared with H1N1. The meantime from illness onset to severity was shorter for H7N9. Chronic heart disease was a possible risk factor for COVID-19.The comparison may provide the rationale for strategies of isolation and treatment of infected patients in the future.
Minimally Invasive Complete Response Assessment of the Breast After Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy for Early Breast Cancer (MICRA trial): Interim Analysis of a Multicenter Observational Cohort Study
Authors: van Loevezijn Ariane A. , van der Noordaa Marieke E.M. , van Werkhoven Erik D. , Loo Claudette E. , Winter-Warnars Gonneke A. O. , Wiersma Terry , van de Vijver Koen K. , Groen Emilie J. , Blanken-Peeters Charlotte F. J. M. , Zonneveld Bas J.G.L. , Sonke Gabe S. , van Duijnhoven Frederieke H. , Vrancken Peeters Marie-Jeanne T. F. D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe added value of surgery in breast cancer patients with pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) is uncertain. The accuracy of imaging identifying pCR for omission of surgery, however, is insufficient. We investigated the accuracy of ultrasound-guided biopsies identifying breast pCR (ypT0) after NST in patients with radiological partial (rPR) or complete response (rCR) on MRI.MethodsWe performed a multicenter, prospective single-arm study in three Dutch hospitals. Patients with T1–4(N0 or N +) breast cancer with MRI rPR and enhancement ≤ 2.0 cm or MRI rCR after NST were enrolled. Eight ultrasound-guided 14-G core biopsies were obtained in the operating room before surgery close to the marker placed centrally in the tumor area at diagnosis (no attempt was made to remove the marker), and compared with the surgical specimen of the breast. Primary outcome was the false-negative rate (FNR).ResultsBetween April 2016 and June 2019, 202 patients fulfilled eligibility criteria. Pre-surgical biopsies were obtained in 167 patients, of whom 136 had rCR and 31 had rPR on MRI. Forty-three (26%) tumors were hormone receptor (HR)-positive/HER2-negative, 64 (38%) were HER2-positive, and 60 (36%) were triple-negative. Eighty-nine patients had pCR (53%; 95% CI 45–61) and 78 had residual disease. Biopsies were false-negative in 29 (37%; 95% CI 27–49) of 78 patients. The multivariable associated with false-negative biopsies was rCR (FNR 47%; OR 9.81, 95% CI 1.72–55.89;p = 0.01); a trend was observed for HR-negative tumors (FNR 71% in HER2-positive and 55% in triple-negative tumors; OR 4.55, 95% CI 0.95–21.73;p = 0.058) and smaller pathological lesions (6 mm vs 15 mm; OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87–1.00;p = 0.051).ConclusionThe MICRA trial showed that ultrasound-guided core biopsies are not accurate enough to identify breast pCR in patients with good response on MRI after NST. Therefore, breast surgery cannot safely be omitted relying on the results of core biopsies in these patients.
Frequency-modulated continuous-wave laser ranging using low-duty-cycle signals for the applications of real-time super-resolved ranging
Authors: Xu Zhongyang , Sun Xiuyuan , Yu Fengxi , Chen Kai , Pan Shilong 
Published: December 2020

A frequency-modulated continuous-wave laser ranging method using low-duty-cycle linear-frequency-modulated (LFM) signals is proposed. A spectrum consisting of a dense Kronecker comb is obtained so that the frequency of the beat signal can be measured with finer resolution. Since the dense comb is provided, super-resolved laser ranging can be achieved using a single-parametric frequency estimation method. Therefore, the run times of the estimation are reduced which promises real-time applications. A proof-of-concept experiment is carried out, in which an LFM signal with a bandwidth of 5 GHz and a duration of 1 µs is used. The duty-cycle of the LFM signal is 10%. The time delay of a scanning variable optical delay line is obtained in real time from the frequency of the highest comb tooth, of which the measurement resolution is 20 ps. Moreover, a single-parametric nonlinear least squares method is used to fit the envelope so that the time delay can be estimated with super-resolution. The standard deviation of the estimation displacements is 2.3 ps, which is 87 times finer than the bandwidth-limited resolution (200 ps). Therefore, the variation of the time delay can be precisely monitored. The proposed method may be used to achieve real-time high-resolution laser ranging with low-speed electronic devices.
Risk mapping of scrub typhus infections in Qingdao city, China
Authors: Xin Hualei , Fu Peng , Sun Junling , Lai Shengjie , Hu Wenbiao , Clements Archie C. A. , Sun Jianping , Cui Jing , Hay Simon I. , Li Xiaojing , Li Zhongjie 
Published: December 2020

Background
The emergence and re-emergence of scrub typhus has been reported in the past decade in many global regions. In this study, we aim to identify potential scrub typhus infection risk zones with high spatial resolution in Qingdao city, in which scrub typhus is endemic, to guide local prevention and control strategies.

Methodology/Principal findings
Scrub typhus cases in Qingdao city during 2006–2018 were retrieved from the Chinese National Infectious Diseases Reporting System. We divided Qingdao city into 1,101 gridded squares and classified them into two categories: areas with and without recorded scrub typhus cases. A boosted regression tree model was used to explore environmental and socioeconomic covariates associated with scrub typhus occurrence and predict the risk of scrub typhus infection across the whole area of Qingdao city. A total of 989 scrub typhus cases were reported in Qingdao from 2006–2018, with most cases located in rural and suburban areas. The predicted risk map generated by the boosted regression tree models indicated that the highest infection risk areas were mainly concentrated in the mid-east and northeast regions of Qingdao, with gross domestic product (20.9%±1.8% standard error) and annual cumulative precipitation (20.3%±1.1%) contributing the most to the variation in the models. By using a threshold environmental suitability value of 0.26, we identified 757 squares (68.7% of the total) with a favourable environment for scrub typhus infection; 66.2% (501/757) of the squares had not yet recorded cases. It is estimated that 6.32 million people (72.5% of the total population) reside in areas with a high risk of scrub typhus infection.

Conclusions/Significance
Many locations in Qingdao city with no recorded scrub typhus cases were identified as being at risk for scrub typhus occurrence. In these at-risk areas, awareness and capacity for case diagnosis and treatment should be enhanced in the local medical service institutes.
Potency of gastrointestinal colonization and virulence of Candida auris in a murine endogenous candidiasis
Authors: Abe Masahiro , Katano Harutaka , Nagi Minoru , Higashi Yoshitsugu , Sato Yuko , Kikuchi Ken , Hasegawa Hideki , Miyazaki Yoshitsugu 
Published: December 2020

Background
Candida auris infections have recently emerged worldwide, and this species is highly capable of colonization and is associated with high levels of mortality. However, strain-dependent differences in colonization capabilities and virulence have not yet been reported.

Objectives
In the present study, we aimed to clarify the differences between clinically isolated invasive and non-invasive strains of C. auris.

Methods
We evaluated colonization, dissemination, and survival rates in wild C57BL/6J mice inoculated with invasive or non-invasive strains of C. auris under cortisone acetate immunosuppression, comparing with those of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata infections. We also evaluated the potency of biofilm formation.

Results
Stool fungal burdens were significantly higher in mice inoculated with the invasive strains than in those infected with the non-invasive strain. Along with intestinal colonization, liver and kidney fungal burdens were also significantly higher in mice inoculated with the invasive strains. In addition, histopathological findings revealed greater dissemination and colonization of the invasive strains. Regarding biofilm-forming capability, the invasive strain of C. auris exhibited a significantly higher capacity of producing biofilms. Moreover, inoculation with the invasive strains resulted in significantly greater loss of body weight than that noted following infection with the non-invasive strain.

Conclusions
Invasive strains showed higher colonization capability and rates of dissemination from gastrointestinal tracts under cortisone acetate immunosuppression than non-invasive strains, although the mortality rates caused by C. auris were lower than those caused by C. albicans.
Komponen epidemi penyakit busuk akar dan pangkal batang tebu di Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Maryono Tri , Widiastuti Ani , Murti Rudi Hari , Priyatmojo Achmadi 
Published: December 2020

Epidemic Components of Sugarcane Root and Basal Stem Rot In South Sumatra
Root and basal stem rot disease is one of new disease that currently was became a emerging problem on sugarcane plantations in Lampung and South Sumatra. The research was aimed to study the model of disease progression, AUDPC, infection rate (r), and the influence of weather and soil condition (physical and chemical properties of soil) on the development of sugarcane root and basal stem rot disease. The research was conducted on sugar cane plantation in South Sumatra. The disease incidence in three varieties was observed weekly in the field which had infected plant in previous year.. The data were analyzed to develop model of the disease progression, AUDPC, and the rate of root and basal stem rot disease. Weekly weather data was acquired from weather station of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin Airport, Palembang. Soil sample was taken from three disease category i.e moderate (disease incidence 25,1% - 50%), severe (disease incidence 50,1% - 75%), and healthy (no disease). The results showed that the disease develops following monomolecular and logistic models. The AUPDC and infection rate (r) in the monomolecular model were lower than in the logistic model. The direct effect coefficient of rainfall and relative humidity (RH) on the disease were positive (1.27 and 0.46 respectively), contrary the temperature and duration of irradiation which had a negative coefficient (-0.33 and -0.45 respectively). Meanwhile, K availability and permeability give a positive effect on the disease, while the total N and Fe availability give a negative effect on the disease.