bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the weighted fractional Pólya–Szegö and Chebyshev-types integral inequalities concerning another function
Authors: Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Rahman Gauhar , Baleanu Dumitru , Samraiz Muhammad , Iqbal Sajid 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe primary objective of this present paper is to establish certain new weighted fractional Pólya–Szegö and Chebyshev type integral inequalities by employing the generalized weighted fractional integral involving another function Ψ in the kernel. The inequalities presented in this paper cover some new inequalities involving all other type weighted fractional integrals by applying certain conditions on$\omega (\theta )$ω(θ)and$\Psi (\theta )$Ψ(θ). Also, the Pólya–Szegö and Chebyshev type integral inequalities for all other type fractional integrals, such as the Katugampola fractional integrals, generalized Riemann–Liouville fractional integral, conformable fractional integral, and Hadamard fractional integral, are the special cases of our main results with certain choices of$\omega (\theta )$ω(θ)and$\Psi (\theta )$Ψ(θ). Additionally, examples of constructing bounded functions are also presented in the paper.
Infection Prevalence in Adolescents and Adults With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treated in an Indian Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Jain Hasmukh , Rengaraj Karthik , Sharma Vibhor , Bonda Avinash , Chanana Raajit , Thorat Jayashree , Ronghe Ashwini , Biswas Sanjay , Nayak Lingaraj , Tembhare Prashant , Subramnian Papagudi , Shetty Dhanalaxmi , Patkar Nikhil , Bagal Bhausaheb , Sengar Manju 
Published: November 2020

PURPOSE Infections remain a major challenge in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Induction-related mortality reported in the literature is approximately < 5% in clinical trials. However, the real-world scenario is different, especially in developing countries, given the high incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms, high incidence of fungal pneumonia at baseline, and significant delay before initiation of chemotherapy. We aimed to look at contemporary infections and infection-related mortality and analyze the patterns of infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study was conducted at a large tertiary care oncology center in India. Patients with newly diagnosed AML who were older than age 15 years, considered fit for intensive therapy, and treated in the general wards of the adult hematolymphoid unit from March 1, 2014, until December 31, 2015, were included. RESULTS One hundred twenty-one patients were treated during the study period. The most common presenting complaint was fever (85%). The focus of infection at presentation was found in 63% of patients, with respiratory infection being the most common (47%). MDR organisms were isolated in 55% of patients during induction from various foci. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common blood culture isolate (42.9%). Fungal pneumonia was diagnosed in 55% of patients during induction despite antifungal prophylaxis. Treatment-related mortality was 10.7% in all phases, with an induction mortality rate of 7.4%. Complete remission was attained in 69% of patients. Of all patients who received induction chemotherapy, 74% completed all three consolidation cycles. The 121 patients were followed up for a median period of 53 months. Four-year event-free survival was 35.8%, and 4-year overall survival was 41.5%. CONCLUSION Infections and infection-related mortality are major challenges during AML induction. Gram-negative MDR and fungal infections are particularly common in our region.
Educational Status, Cancer Stage, and Survival in South India: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Mathew Aleyamma , George Preethi Sara , Kunnambath Ramadas , Mathew Beela Sarah , Kumar Aswin , Syampramod Roshni , Booth Christopher M. 
Published: November 2020

PURPOSE Lower socioeconomic status is associated with more advanced cancer at the time of cancer diagnosis. It is unknown whether this leads to inferior survival in low- and middle-income countries. Here, we explore the association between educational level and survival in South India. METHODS The Trivandrum Cancer Registry (3.3 million population) was used to identify all cases of breast and cervical cancer (women) and oral cavity (OC) and lung cancer (men) diagnosed during 2012-2014. Educational level was classified as illiterate/primary school, middle school, and secondary school and above. Survival was measured from date of diagnosis using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to describe the associations among education, stage of cancer at diagnosis, and survival. RESULTS The study population included 3,640 patients with breast (n = 1,727), cervical (n = 425), OC (n = 702), and lung (n = 786) cancer. Educational level was 27%, 23%, and 32% for illiterate/primary, middle, and secondary school and above, respectively. The 5-year survival rate for breast cancer was 59%, 68%, and 73% ( P = .001); for cervical cancer, 51%, 52%, and 60% ( P = .146); and for OC cancer, 42%, 35%, and 48% ( P = .012) for illiterate/primary, middle school, and secondary school and above, respectively. The survival gradient across social groups was substantially attenuated when stage was added to the multivariable model. There was no observed difference in survival across educational groups for lung cancer (2%, 4%, and 3%; P = .224). CONCLUSION Data from this population-based study in South India demonstrate that patients from a lower educational background have inferior survival and that this is at least partially explained by having more advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Public health efforts are needed to facilitate timely diagnosis and reduce disparities in cancer outcomes.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogue Stimulation Test Versus Venous Sampling in Postmenopausal Hyperandrogenism
Authors: Tng Eng-Loon , Tan Jeanne May May 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPostmenopausal hyperandrogenism can be due to excessive androgen secretion from adrenal or ovarian virilizing tumors or nonneoplastic conditions. The etiology of postmenopausal hyperandrogenism can be difficult to discern because of limited accuracy of current diagnostic tests. This systematic review compares the diagnostic accuracy of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue stimulation test against selective ovarian and adrenal vein sampling of androgens in distinguishing neoplastic from nonneoplastic causes of postmenopausal hyperandrogenism. Diagnostic test accuracy studies on these index tests in postmenopausal women were selected based on preestablished criteria. The true positive, false positive, false negative, and true negative values were extracted and meta-analysis was conducted using the hierarchical summary receiver operator characteristics curve method. The summary sensitivity of the GnRH analogue stimulation test is 10% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1%-46.7%) and that for selective venous sampling is 100% (95% CI, 0%-100%). Both tests have 100% specificity. There is limited evidence for the use of either test in identifying virilizing tumors in postmenopausal hyperandrogenism.
The second pharyngeal pouch is generated by dynamic remodeling of endodermal epithelium in zebrafish
Authors: Okada Kazunori , Takada Shinji 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTPharyngeal arches (PAs) are segmented by endodermal outpocketings called pharyngeal pouches (PPs). Anterior and posterior PAs appear to be generated by different mechanisms, but it is unclear how the anterior and posterior PAs combine. Here, we addressed this issue with precise live imaging of PP development and cell tracing of pharyngeal endoderm in zebrafish embryos. We found that two endodermal bulges are initially generated in the future second PP (PP2) region, which separates anterior and posterior PAs. Subsequently, epithelial remodeling causes contact between these two bulges, resulting in the formation of mature PP2 with a bilayered morphology. The rostral and caudal bulges develop into the operculum and gill, respectively. Development of the caudal PP2 and more posterior PPs is affected by impaired retinoic acid signaling or pax1a/b dysfunction, suggesting that the rostral front of posterior PA development corresponds to the caudal PP2. Our study clarifies an aspect of PA development that is essential for generation of a seamless array of PAs in zebrafish.
3D quantification of changes in pancreatic islets in mouse models of diabetes type I and II
Authors: Roostalu Urmas , Lercke Skytte Jacob , Gravesen Salinas Casper , Klein Thomas , Vrang Niels , Jelsing Jacob , Hecksher-Sørensen Jacob 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Diabetes is characterized by rising levels of blood glucose and is often associated with a progressive loss of insulin-producing beta cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that it is possible to regenerate new beta cells through proliferation of existing beta cells or trans-differentiation of other cell types into beta cells, raising hope that diabetes can be cured through restoration of functional beta cell mass. Efficient quantification of beta cell mass and islet characteristics is needed to enhance drug discovery for diabetes. Here, we report a 3D quantitative imaging platform for unbiased evaluation of changes in islets in mouse models of type I and II diabetes. To determine whether the method can detect pharmacologically induced changes in beta cell volume, mice were treated for 14 days with either vehicle or the insulin receptor antagonist S961 (2.4 nmol/day) using osmotic minipumps. Mice treated with S961 displayed increased blood glucose and insulin levels. Light-sheet imaging of insulin and Ki67 (also known as Mki67)-immunostained pancreata revealed a 43% increase in beta cell volume and 21% increase in islet number. S961 treatment resulted in an increase in islets positive for the cell proliferation marker Ki67, suggesting that proliferation of existing beta cells underlies the expansion of total beta cell volume. Using light-sheet imaging of a non-obese diabetic mouse model of type I diabetes, we also characterized the infiltration of CD45 (also known as PTPRC)-labeled leukocytes in islets. At 14 weeks, 40% of the small islets, but more than 80% of large islets, showed leukocyte infiltration. These results demonstrate how quantitative light-sheet imaging can capture changes in individual islets to help pharmacological research in diabetes.
Modification of the ZnO(0001) Surface by Adsorption of Hydrogen Atoms
Authors: Roy Probir Chandra , Khan Sher Ali , Kim Chang Min 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The electronic and chemical properties of ZnO surfaces are greatly affected by the adsorption of H atoms. The interaction of H atoms with ZnO(0001) and ZnO(000-1) surfaces has been investigated by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) methods. When the ZnO(000-1) surface is exposed to atomic H at 200 K, one desorption peak of H2 is observed at 455 K (α-peak). In the case of ZnO(0001), two desorption peaks of H2 are observed at 255 K (γ-peak) and 455 K (α-peak). As H exposure increases, the intensity of the γ-peak increases as the α-peak is attenuated. The α-peak is assigned as the hydrogen adsorbed on O-sites and the γ-peak is attributed to hydrogen adsorbed on Zn clusters on ZnO. Zn clusters are produced only on the ZnO(0001) surface as surface O-H bonds are formed.
Traumatic Primary Anterior Glenohumeral Joint Dislocation in Sports: A Systematic Review of Operative versus Nonoperative Management
Authors: Kraeutler Matthew J. , Belk John Wilson , Carver Trevor J. , McCarty Eric C. , Khodaee Morteza 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnterior shoulder (glenohumeral joint [GHJ]) dislocations are relatively common injuries in sports. Previous studies have evaluated clinical outcomes of operative and nonoperative management for primary traumatic anterior GHJ dislocations. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature in an effort to provide a thorough analysis of patients after undergoing closed reduction of a traumatic anterior GHJ dislocation, particularly among the athletic population. Two independent reviewers performed a comprehensive search of PubMed and the Cochrane Library through February 23, 2020. Unfortunately, the quantity and quality of published articles on this subject is very limited. In many studies, younger age (between 21 and 30 years) was associated with greater risk for recurrence of GHJ dislocations. Twelve studies (totalN= 753) directly compared outcomes of operative versus nonoperative management. It seems that operative management significantly reduces recurrence rates with patients treated operatively among the young and active population. Operative management should be considered as a treatment option for young and athletic patients presenting with a first-time anterior GHJ dislocation.
Enthesopathy—An Underappreciated Role in Osteoarthritis?
Authors: Greif Dylan N. , Emerson Christopher P. , Jose Jean , Toumi Hechmi , Best Thomas M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) continues to be a debilitating disease worldwide, to date, no therapies have been definitely proven to modify disease progression or moderate symptom relief long term other than joint replacement. A contributing factor may be the lack of attention to the potential role of the periarticular enthesis and development and progression of OA. The enthesis is the site of attachment for a tendon, ligament, or joint capsule to the bony skeleton, thereby allowing centralized transmission and dissipation of mechanical loads. Because of this design, the enthesis is a site of stress concentration subject to inflammation during sports-related activities or spondyloarthropathies, which may lead to long-term degeneration. Our hypothesis is that functional incompetence of the enthesis resulting from either degenerative or inflammatory changes could be an initiating factor for OA and may thus provide a novel basis for the development of future disease management in this phenotype of patients.
Interim Guidance on the Preparticipation Physical Examination for Athletes During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Diamond Alex B. , Narducci Dusty Marie , Roberts William O. , Bernhardt David T. , LaBella Cynthia R. , Moffatt Kody A. , Nuti Rathna , Powell Amy P. , Rooks Yvette L. , Zaremski Jason L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) convened a writing group to address the current evidence and knowledge gaps regarding preparticipation evaluation of athletes during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The writing group held a series of meetings beginning in April 2020. The task force reviewed the available literature and used an iterative process and expert consensus to finalize this guidance statement that is intended to provide clinicians with a clinical framework to return athletes of all levels to training and competition during the pandemic. The statement is not intended to address treatment, infection control principles, or public health issues related to SARS-CoV-2. The AMSSM task force acknowledges the clinical uncertainty, evolving public health objectives, and the limited data currently available to create this guidance statement.
Incidental findings associated with magnetic resonance imaging of the brachial plexus
Authors: Perumal Antonia R , Anyamele Ugonna Angel , Bhogal Rayna K , McCauley Gordon , Teh Irvin , Bourke Grainne , Rankine James J , Wade Ryckie George 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
The identification and management of incidental findings is becoming increasingly problematic, particularly in relation to brachial plexus imaging because the prevalence is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of incidental findings in symptomatic patients undergoing MRI of the brachial plexus.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included all children and adults who underwent MRI over a 12-year period, in a tertiary care centre in the UK. An incidental finding was any abnormality which was not a direct injury to or disease-process of the brachial plexus. An “incidentaloma” was defined by the need for further investigation or treatment. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of an “incidentaloma”. To estimate which factors were associated with the incident rate ratio (IRR) of incidental findings, multivariable Poisson regression was used.

Results:
Overall, 502 scans (72%) reported incidental anomalies. Although the number of MRIs performed per annum increased by 23%, the prevalence of “incidentalomas” remained static (p = 0.766). Musculoskeletal incidental findings were the most prevalent (63%) and when identified, there were a median of 3 incidental anomalies per patient. Overall, 125 (18%) anomalies were “incidentalomas” which required further investigation or treatment. The odds of having further investigation or treatment was strongly related to the frequency of incidental findings [adjusted OR 1.16 (95% CI 1.08, 1.24)] and when a tumour was identified [adjusted OR 2.86 (95% CI 1.81, 4.53)]. The number of incidental findings recorded per scan increased when trainees co-reported with consultants [adjusted IRR 0.36 (95% CI 0.05, 0.67)] and in the presence of a tumour [adjusted IRR 0.39 (95% CI 0.28, 0.49)]

Conclusions:
The prevalence of clinically important incidental findings on brachial plexus MRI is lower than organ-specific imaging, but still 18% of scans identified an ‘incidentaloma’ which required further investigation or treatment.

Advances in knowledge:
This cohort study shows that approximately 1 in 5 symptomatic patients undergoing a brachial plexus MRI had a clinically important incidental findings, which required further investigation or treatment. This information can be used to inform patients consenting to clinical or research imaging.
Mental health nurses' confidence in applying pharmacological knowledge: a survey
Authors: Sanjeevi Sujatha , Cocoman Angela 
Published: November 2020

Background/AimsThe literature highlights gaps on how nurses apply pharmacology knowledge to their medication management, particularly in relation to knowledge on the mechanism of action and drug interactions. The aim of this study was to research a sample of mental health nurses to explore their confidence, knowledge and skills in applying their pharmacological knowledge.MethodsA paper-based survey questionnaire was distributed to 209 mental health nurses working in direct patient care in Ireland. A total of 129 completed the questionnaire with a response rate of 61.7%.ResultsThe vast majority of mental health nurses were confident in their knowledge of pharmacological principles to medication management, in relation to dosage, formulation, adverse effects, and predictable side effects, including patient education and medication information. Nurses were less confident in their knowledge of pharmacodynamics related to their knowledge on the mechanism of action, and on the pharmacokinetics of drug clearance. This may negatively impact on their ability to educate patients about their medications.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that there is need for an increased focus on continuing education on pharmacology for nurses at service level, particularly on the mechanism of action and clearance of commonly used medications in order for nurses to more effectively support patients to manage their medications.
Understanding aggressive behaviour in patients with schizophrenia through social cognitive theory: a narrative literature review
Authors: Ndoro Samuel 
Published: November 2020

Background/AimsStudies have shown that some people diagnosed with schizophrenia are more predisposed to distress than others because of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, leading to aggressive and violent behaviour. Moreover, there is no conclusive evidence to substantiate the reasons for the causes of aggression and what suitable interventions can be used. The aim of this study was to explore evidence-based literature through social cognitive theory to find effective strategies to manage aggression among patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia.MethodsA background literature review search was conducted from the following databases: Medline, Cinhal and PsychInfo. The Boolean operator OR was used to search for Aggression OR Violence OR Cognitive theory OR Interventions OR Mental illness OR Schizophrenia OR Self-control OR Self-efficacy OR Social learning theory. Suitable papers were hand searched and seven papers were selected.ResultsResearch studies are in favour of social cognitive interventions to manage aggression in patients with schizophrenia as they have fewer side effects and can be used alongside other pharmacological interventions as the second line of treatment. However, findings from these studies should be viewed with caution, resulting from the contradiction that still exists in whether psychotic symptoms are correlated to aggression and violent behaviours among patients with schizophrenia.ConclusionsSocial cognitive models can enable health care professionals to explore the causes of aggression from a broad perspective, using appropriate risk assessment tools to design appropriate strategies.
Electronic care planning and care worker engagement
Authors: Brittain Graham 
Published: November 2020

In the wider context of the advancement of digital technologies in healthcare, electronic care planning and recording systems are becoming increasingly prevalent in social care settings in the UK. At the same time, the engagement of employees is an important concern for senior managers of these services, where turnover rates are high and human resources are often scarce. This study researches the impact upon employees of the implementation of electronic care planning in two organisations running multiple social care services. Following a review of technology acceptance and engagement literature, hypothesised developments of technology enhanced engagement and concomitant increases in motivation, empowerment and productivity are researched. An exploratory sequential mixed methods approach is utilised, bringing together qualitative and quantitative data for analysis.Findings suggest that care planning technology produces a positive engagement impact, broadly confirming the hypotheses. Overall workforce engagement of both organisations studied is shown to be very high. Correlation analysis shows that, while not all employees recognise the engagement impact of the care planning technology, those who do also demonstrate the highest levels of motivation, empowerment and productivity. Demographic differences are evaluated as moderating influences, but are not found to be highly significant in this study.This is a cross-sectional short-range study, and recommendations for future longer-range and broader research are considered. In the light of the indicated engagement benefit of electronic care planning technology, implications for managers of services, application developers and social care workers are considered.