bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attendance rates and characteristics of women with obesity referred to the dietitian for individual weight management advice during pregnancy
Authors: Porteous Helen , de Jersey Susan , Palmer Michelle 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundEngagement in services to support healthy weight management during pregnancy is poor. A better understanding of those who attend is important in supporting women to participate in preventative health services.AimsThis retrospective observational study aimed to report attendance rates of pregnant women with obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2) referred to a dietitian between 2012 and 2018 for weight management and describe who was referred and attended.Materials and MethodsDemographic, attendance and medical data for women with obesity who were either referred to a dietitian or were not referred were sourced from hospital data. Chi‐squared and t‐tests were used to compare groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify characteristics associated with attendance within the referred group.ResultsOf 5426 eligible women, 523 were referred to the dietitian, and 4903 women were not referred (Total sample: 29 ± 6 years, 39.0 ± 2.1 weeks gestation at birth). Referred women self‐reported a 6.7 kg/m2 higher pre‐pregnancy BMI, 7% more were subsequently diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and 9% more were induced (P < 0.001) indicating a higher risk of adverse outcomes. Referred women attended a median (range) of 2 (0–8) appointments. The majority (78%) attended ≥1 appointment, and 41% attended ≥3 appointments. Women referred by a midwife (65%) or diagnosed with GDM were 1.9 and 3.0 times more likely to attend, respectively (P < 0.01). Being a smoker was negatively associated with attendance (odds ratio 0.388, P < 0.001).ConclusionsPregnant women with obesity referred for dietetic weight management appear at higher risk of adverse outcomes, with most attending ≥1 appointment. Engaging midwives in promoting referrals may increase attendance.
Timeliness and outcomes of carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid artery stenosis: a single centre audit
Authors: Lim Eric T. A. , Laws Peter E. , Beresford Timothy P. , Khanafer Adib M. A. , Roake Justin A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundFor patients presenting with symptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis, carotid endarterectomy (CEA) surgery is recommended to be performed generally within a 48‐hr to 14‐day window. This study aimed to assess timeliness of delivery, and outcomes, of CEA surgery in a tertiary vascular centre.MethodPatients with symptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis who underwent CEA between 1 June 2014 and 31 June 2017 were identified and data were obtained from hospital records. The timeline of their journey from presentation to surgery was then mapped together with their outcomes.ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐two cases were included in the study. Overall, the median time from development of presenting symptoms to surgery was 9 days and 119 (69%) cases were operated on within 14 days. The median time from development of presenting symptoms to ultrasound imaging was 2 days and the median time from symptoms to vascular referral was also 2 days. There were no deaths, strokes or transient ischaemic attacks within 30 days of CEA. At 1 year, survival was 100% but 15 (8.7%) had experienced at least one transient ischaemic attack or stroke. In the 53 cases operated upon beyond 14 days the dominant cause of delay in 32 (60%) was accessing surgery after review by the vascular service.ConclusionThe aim of delivering CEA within 14 days of developing relevant symptoms was achieved in most cases with good outcomes. Nevertheless, points of delay in the patient journey that could be targeted for future quality improvement were identified.
Impact of turbulent blood flow in the aortic root on de novo aortic insufficiency during continuous‐flow left ventricular‐assist device support
Authors: Yoshida Shohei , Toda Koichi , Miyagawa Shigeru , Yoshikawa Yasushi , Hata Hiroki , Yoshioka Daisuke , Kainuma Satoshi , Kawamura Takuji , Kawamura Ai , Nakatani Satoshi , Sawa Yoshiki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSevere aortic insufficiency (AI) after implantation of continuous‐flow left ventricular‐assist device (LVAD) affects device performance and outcomes. However, the mechanism for the occurrence and progression of AI has not been elucidated. We investigated the impact of nonphysiological retrograde blood flow in the aortic root on AI after LVAD implantation. Blood flow pattern was analyzed in patients with and without AI (n = 3 each) who underwent LVAD implantation, by computational fluid dynamics with patient‐specific geometries, which were reproduced using electrocardiogram‐gated 320‐slice computed tomographic images. The total volume of retrograde blood flow during one cardiac cycle (716 ± 88 mL) was higher and the volume of slow blood flow (<0.1 cm/s) (0.16 ± 0.04 cm3) was lower in patients with AI than in those without AI (360 ± 111 mL, P = .0495, and 0.49 ± 0.08 cm3, P = .0495, respectively). No significant difference in wall shear stress on the aortic valve was observed between the groups. Patients with AI had a perpendicular anastomosis at the distal ascending aorta and the simulation in the modified anastomosis model of patients with AI showed that the retrograde blood flow pattern depended on the angle and position of anastomosis. Computational fluid dynamics revealed strong retrograde blood flow in the ascending aorta and aortic root in patients with AI after LVAD implantation. The angle and position of LVAD outflow anastomosis might impact retrograde blood flow and de novo AI after LVAD implantation.
Metamizole: An underrated agent causing severe idiosyncratic drug‐induced liver injury
Authors: Sebode Marcial , Reike‐Kunze Martin , Weidemann Sören , Zenouzi Roman , Hartl Johannes , Peiseler Moritz , Liwinski Timur , Schulz Lisa , Weiler‐Normann Christina , Sterneck Martina , Lohse Ansgar W. , Schramm Christoph 
Published: February 2020

AimsDrug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a heterogenous entity leading to liver damage. We have analysed the frequency, biochemical and histological patterns and clinical courses of DILI cases due to metamizole at our tertiary care centre in Hamburg, Germany.MethodsConsecutive patients with DILI who presented to our clinic were analysed retrospectively. Causes of acute hepatitis other than DILI were excluded.ResultsIn total, 154 DILI cases were admitted to our centre from 2008 to 2017. After phenprocoumon, metamizole was the second most frequent putative agent causing DILI (23 of all 154 DILI cases, 14,9%). The biochemical pattern on admission of metamizole‐induced DILI cases was hepatocellular with median levels of alanine transaminase (779 U/L, 64–3532 U/L) by far exceeding median alkaline phosphatase levels (131 U/L, 42–578 U/L). In 17 of the 23 cases (74%) liver biopsy was performed. Moderate to severe inflammatory histological activity and severe centrilobular necrosis (>30%) was present in 76.5 and 35.3%, respectively. Metamizole was involved in 2 DILI cases progressing to acute liver failure, then receiving liver transplantation and still alive at time of assessment. Our data were supported by re‐exposure in 4 patients. Furthermore, a database search for metamizole‐induced liver injury in the European Medicines Agency's database identified about 300 reports on suspected metamizole‐induced DILI in Europe.ConclusionElevation of liver enzymes or acute liver failure are not mentioned in the German drug label of metamizole as potential side effects. Our study reveals that in Germany and Europe, metamizole is a frequent and underrated agent causing DILI.
Chronic medical conditions and late effects following non‐Hodgkin lymphoma in HIV‐uninfected and HIV‐infected adolescents and young adults: a population‐based study
Authors: Abrahão Renata , Li Qian W. , Malogolowkin Marcio H. , Alvarez Elysia M. , Ribeiro Raul C. , Wun Ted , Keegan Theresa H. M. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryLittle is known about the incidence of late effects following non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) among adolescent and young adult (AYA, 15–39 years) survivors. Using data from the California Cancer Registry linked to hospital discharge, we estimated the cumulative incidence of late effects at 10 years among AYAs diagnosed with NHL during 1996–2012, who survived ≥2 years. Cox proportional‐hazards models were used to investigate the influence of sociodemographic and clinical factors on the occurrence of late effects. Of 4392 HIV‐uninfected patients, the highest incident diseases were: endocrine (18·5%), cardiovascular (11·7%), and respiratory (5·0%), followed by secondary primary malignancy (SPM, 2·6%), renal and neurologic (2·2%), liver/pancreatic (2·0%), and avascular necrosis (1·2%). Among the 425 HIV‐infected survivors, incidence was higher for all late effects, especially over threefold increased risk of SPM, compared to HIV‐uninfected patients (8·1% vs. 2·6%). In multivariable models for HIV‐uninfected patients, public or no health insurance (vs. private), residence in lower socioeconomic neighbourhoods (vs. higher), and receipt of a haematopoietic stem cell transplant were associated with a greater risk of most late effects. Our findings of substantial incidence of late effects among NHL AYA survivors emphasise the need for longterm follow‐up and appropriate survivorship care to reduce morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population.
Security challenges in internet of things: Distributed denial of service attack detection using support vector machine‐based expert systems
Authors: Mubarakali Azath , Srinivasan Karthik , Mukhalid Reham , Jaganathan Subash C. B. , Marina Ninoslav 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe rapid development of internet of things (IoT) is to be the next generation of the IoT devices are a simple target for attackers due to the lack of security. Attackers can easily hack the IoT devices that can be used to form botnets, which can be used to launch distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack against networks. Botnets are the most dangerous threat to the security systems. Software‐defined networking (SDN) is one of the developing filed, which introduce the capacity of dynamic program to the network. Use the flexibility and multidimensional characteristics of SDN used to prevent DDoS attacks. The DDoS attack is the major attack to the network, which makes the entire network down, so that normal users might not avail the services from the server. In this article, we proposed the DDoS attack detection model based on SDN environment by combining support vector machine classification algorithm is used to collect flow table values in sampling time periods. From the flow table values, the five‐tuple characteristic values extracted and based on it the DDoS attack can be detected. Based on the experimental results, we found the average accuracy rate is 96.23% with a normal amount of traffic flow. Proposed research offers a better DDoS detection rate on
SDN.
Computationally efficient and secure anonymous authentication scheme for IoT‐based mobile pay‐TV systems
Authors: Kumaravelu Ramesh , Sadaiyandi Rajakumar , Selvaraj Anandamurugan , Selvaraj Jeeva , Karthick Gayathiri 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the next few years, the mobile pay‐TV systems will be very popular due to their extensive applications. Providing security and privacy are the most challenging issues in the secure development of mobile pay‐TV systems. To avoid unauthorized access to mobile pay‐TV services, it is very important to authenticate the mobile users and the head end system (HES) in an anonymous manner. Even though several authentication schemes were proposed to provide anonymous authentication, the previously proposed schemes are not fit for mobile pay‐TV applications due to their high computational complexity. Hence, a computationally efficient anonymous authentication scheme is proposed in this article for secure service provision in mobile pay‐TV systems. The proposed authentication scheme can effectively authenticate both the mobile users and the HES with low computational cost in an anonymous manner. In addition, an anonymous batch authentication scheme is also proposed in this article to authenticate a batch of users in the subscription phase to alleviate the authentication burden of the HES. The security analysis section shows that the proposed scheme is more efficient in terms of security and the performance analysis section shows the strength of this article in terms of computational cost, while performing anonymous authentication in mobile pay‐TV systems.
Genome‐wide association study for time to failure of kidney transplants from African American deceased donors
Authors: Divers Jasmin , Ma Lijun , Brown William Mark , Palmer Nicholette D. , Choi Young , Israni Ajay K. , Pastan Stephen O. , Julian Bruce A. , Gaston Robert S. , Hicks Pamela J. , Reeves‐Daniel Amber M. , Freedman Barry I. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTwo renal‐risk variants in the apolipoprotein L1 gene (APOL1) in African American (AA) deceased donors (DD) are associated with shorter renal allograft survival after transplantation. To identify additional genes contributing to allograft survival, a genome‐wide association study was performed in 532 AA DDs. Phenotypic data were obtained from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. Association and single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐by‐APOL1interaction tests were conducted using death‐censored renal allograft survival accounting for relevant covariates. Replication and inverse‐variance‐weighted meta‐analysis were performed using data from 250 AA DD in the Genomics of Transplantation study. Accounting forAPOL1, multiple SNPs near the Nudix Hydrolase 7 gene(NUDT7)showed strong independent effects (P = 1.6 × 10−8‐2.2 × 10−8). Several SNPs in the Translocation protein SEC63 homolog (SEC63;P = 2 × 10−9‐3.7 × 10−8) and plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1)genes (P = 4.0 × 10−8‐7 × 10−8) modified the effect ofAPOL1on allograft survival.SEC63is expressed in human renal tubule cells and glomeruli, andPVT1is associated with diabetic kidney disease. Overall, associations were detected for 41 SNPs (P = 2 × 10−9‐5 × 10−8) contributing independently or interacting withAPOL1to impact renal allograft survival after transplantation from AA DD. Given the small sample size of the discovery and replication sets, independent validations and functional genomic efforts are needed to validate these results.
The developing predictive brain: How implicit temporal expectancy induced by local and global prediction shapes action preparation across development
Authors: Mento Giovanni , Granziol Umberto 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHuman behavior is continuously shaped not just as a function of explicitly responding to external world events but also by internal biases implicitly driven by the capacity to extract statistics from complex sensory patterns. Two possible sources of predictability engaged to generate and update temporal expectancy are the implicit extraction of either local or global statistical contingencies in the events’ temporal structure. In the context of action preparation the local prediction has been reported to be stable from the age of 6. However, there is no evidence about how the ability to extract and use global statistical patterns to establish temporal expectancy changes across development. Here we used a new, child‐friendly reaction time task purposely designed to investigate how local (within‐trial expectancy bias) and global (between‐block expectancy bias) prediction interplay to generate temporal expectancy and consequently shape action preparation in young (5‐ to 6‐year‐old), middle‐aged (7‐ to 8‐year‐old) and old (9‐ to 10‐year‐old) typically developing children. We found that while local temporal prediction showed stable developmental trajectories, the ability to use a global rule to action preparation in terms of both accuracy and speed becomes stable after the age of seven. These findings are discussed by adopting a neuroconstructivist‐inspired theoretical account, according to which the developmental constraints on learning from hierarchically nested levels of sensory complexity may constitute a necessary prerequisite for mastering complex domains.
Implementing magnification during pre‐clinical training: Effects on procedure quality and working posture
Authors: Pazos Júlia Margato , Wajngarten Danielle , Dovigo Lívia Nordi , Garcia Patrícia Petromilli Nordi Sasso 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of magnification on the quality of two pre‐clinical procedures, class I cavity preparations and composite resin restorations, and to evaluate the working posture.MethodsThis was an experimental laboratory study. The response variables were the quality of cavity preparations and Class I restorations as well as the working posture adopted during the execution of these procedures. The independent variables were the magnification system under four levels (unaided visualisation, the use of a simple loupe, the use of a Galilean loupe and the use of a Keplerian loupe) and the artificial teeth treated. Class I cavity preparations and restorations (N = 320) were performed using standardised procedures, and the quality achieved was evaluated using pre‐established criteria. Working posture was recorded using digital video cameras and was evaluated using the Compliance Assessment of Dental Ergonomic Posture Requirements (CADEP). A two‐factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparison test were performed (α = 0.05).ResultsThe quality of cavity preparation did not differ significantly amongst the different magnification systems (P = 0.082). Galilean and Keplerian systems had a positive impact on restoration quality only for the left mandibular first molar (P = 0.04). Higher posture scores were observed when Galilean and Keplerian loupes (P = 0.01) were used, regardless of the tooth being treated.ConclusionThe use of Galilean and Keplerian magnification lenses did not affect the quality of the pre‐clinical procedures performed whilst improved the scores of ergonomic posture.
Residents' perceptions of smart energy meters
Authors: Shuhaiber Ahmed Haitham 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSmart meters are a form of expert system with performance features beyond energy‐consumption record keeping, to include monitoring, analysing, and estimating meter readings. Although smart meters have great capabilities, this technology is still in its infancy in many developing countries, and little is known about the kinds of risks associated with smart meters from residents' perspectives. This research therefore aims to fill this gap by examining the influence of four different types of perceived risk on residents' intentions to use smart meters in Jordan. By following a quantitative approach, 242 survey responses were tested by using structural equation modelling–partial least squares. The statistical results indicated that perceived security and technical risks have a significant and negative impact on residents' intentions to use smart meters. However, perceived privacy and health risks, surprisingly, were found to have no significant negative influence on intention to use. Theoretical and practical implications are indicated, and directions of future research are subsequently specified.
Targeting MDR‐1 gene expression, BAX/BCL2, caspase‐3, and Ki‐67 by nanoencapsulated imatinib and hesperidin to enhance anticancer activity and ameliorate cardiotoxicity
Authors: El‐Sisi Alaa E. , Sokkar Samia S. , Ibrahim Hanaa A. , Hamed Mohamed F. , Abu‐Risha Sally E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere is a great demand to introduce new approaches into cancer treatment field due to incidence of increased breast cancer all over the world. The current study was designed to evaluate the role of imatinib mesylate (IM) and/or hesperidin (HES) nanoparticles alone or in combination in enhancing the anticancer activity and to investigate the ability of nanoencapsulation to reduce cardiotoxicity of IM in solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC)‐bearing mice. IM and HES were loaded into PLGA (poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) polymer. SEC was induced in female albino mice as a model for experimentally induced breast cancer. Mice were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 10). On day 28 from tumor inoculation, mice were sacrificed and blood samples were collected in heparinized tubes for hematological studies, biochemical determination of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) levels. In addition, tumor and cardiac tissues were utilized for histopathological examination as well as determination of MDR‐1 gene expression. Immunohistochemical staining of BAX and BCL‐2 was done. Nano IM‐ and/or Nano HES‐treated groups showed a significant reduction in tumor volume, weight, hematological, cardiac markers, and tumor MDR‐1 gene downregulation compared to free conventional treated groups. In conclusion, the use of HES as an adjuvant therapy with IM could improve its cytotoxic effects and limit its cardiac toxicity. Furthermore, nanoencapsulation of IM and/or HES with PLGA polymer showed a remarkable anticancer activity.
Urolithin C increases glucose‐induced ERK activation which contributes to insulin secretion
Authors: Toubal Slimane , Oiry Catherine , Bayle Morgane , Cros Gérard , Neasta Jérémie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPolyphenols exert pharmacological actions through protein‐mediated mechanisms and by modulating intracellular signalling pathways. We recently showed that a gut‐microbial metabolite of ellagic acid named urolithin C is a glucose‐dependent activator of insulin secretion acting by facilitating L‐type Ca2+ channel opening and Ca2+ influx into pancreatic β‐cells. However, it is still unknown whether urolithin C regulates key intracellular signalling proteins in β‐cells. Here, we report that urolithin C enhanced glucose‐induced extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation as shown by higher phosphorylation levels in INS‐1 β‐cells. Interestingly, inhibition of ERK1/2 with two structurally distinct inhibitors led to a reduction in urolithin C effect on insulin secretion. Finally, we provide data to suggest that urolithin C‐mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation involved insulin signalling in INS‐1 cells. Together, these data indicate that the pharmacological action of urolithin C on insulin secretion relies, in part, on its capacity to enhance glucose‐induced ERK1/2 activation. Therefore, our study extends our understanding of the pharmacological action of urolithin C in β‐cells. More generally, our findings revealed that urolithin C modulated the activation of key multifunctional intracellular signalling kinases which participate in the regulation of numerous biological processes.