bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wearing Surgical Masks Coupled With Restricting the Flow of People in Patient Wards Versus Preventive Atomization Inhalation in Preventing Fever After General Anesthesia Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis During COVID-19
Authors: Chen Tingli , Hou Lina , Sun Kai , Wei Qiang , Li Fei , Tan Wanlong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 could be transmitted through aerosols, and aerosol can be produced by atomization inhalation. Preventative aerosol inhalation is prohibited in our hospital during COVID-19, however the number of cases of fever after surgery has not increased significantly. We want to know whether wearing surgical masks coupled with restricting the flow of people in patient wards has same effect with preventive atomization inhalation in preventing fever after surgery, and we wonder whether preventive atomization inhalation is unnecessary during COVID-19, as long as strictly wearing surgical masks and restricting the flow of people in patient wards have been met.Methods: Eight kinds of common surgery were covered in this retrospective analysis, including total thyroidectomy (for the treatment of thyroid carcinoma), total adrenalectomy (adrenal tumor), radical gastrectomy (gastric cancer), radical nephrectomy (renal cell carcinoma), radical prostatectomy (prostate cancer), radical resection for sigmoid colon cancer, radical resection for rectal cancer and appendectomy (appendicitis). Cases in Group A underwent preventive atomization inhalation whilst cases in group B wore surgical masks and restricted the flow of people in patient wards. Occurrence of fever, occurrence of fever recurrence and the maximum temperature in the first week after surgery were analyzed in this study.Results: No significant differences can be seen between group A and group B in terms of occurrence of fever, occurrence of fever recurrence and the maximum temperature after surgery in the first week.Conclusion: Wearing surgical masks combined with restricting the flow of people in patient wards has same effect with preventive atomization inhalation in preventing fever after general anesthesia surgery, which means, during COVID-19, preventive atomization inhalation might not be necessary as long as strictly wearing surgical masks and restricting the flow of people in patient wards have been met.
Urolithiasis Management in Resource-Limited Settings: A Multicentric Retrospective Study in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Diasiama Pablo Diangienda Kuntima Diasiama , Molamba Dieudonné Molamba Moningo , Makulo Jean-Robert Rissasy , Sumaili Ernest Kiswaya , Mafuta Eric Musalu , Ngoma Alain , Loposso Mathieu Nkumu , Punga-Maloe Augustin Monga Lembe , Lufuma Simon Lua Nkandi , Haymann Jean-Philippe , Daudon Michel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze different therapeutic modalities used in the treatment of urolithiasis in the Democratic Republic of Congo.ResultsAmong the 194 patients included in this study, 69% (n=133) were males, with a male to female ratio of 2.2: 1, and an age mean (SD) of 48.1 (17.3) years. Urolithiasis was symptomatic in 52.6% (n=141) of patients. Renal colic was the most common clinical expression. Overall, 86.1% (n=167) of stones were removed by surgery, 9.8% spontaneously resolved, 3.1% were extracted after ureteroscopy, and 1% of patients had undergone extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Lumbotomy was the most frequent used route (39.2%) in conventional surgery. The mean (SD) size of the extracted stones was 23.4 (17.0) mm.Most patients in this study were treated by conventional surgery. These results suggest the need to increase the use of minimally invasive surgery.
Associations Between Skin Autofluorescence, Advanced Glycation End-Products and Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Umimura Tomotaka , Eguchi Yawara , Inage Kazuhide , Kitazaki Hitoshi , Shiga Yasuhiro , Maki Satoshi , Inoue Masahiro , Norimoto Masaki , Sato Takashi , Sato Masashi , Suzuki Masahiro , Enomoto Keigo , Konno Kenta , Hirasawa Rui , Hattori Fumiya , Furuya Takeo , Ohtori Seiji , Orita Sumihisa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) measured by skin autofluorescence (SAF) can serve as a biomarker for chronic low back pain. 111 patients who visited the outpatient clinic were included in this prospective cohort study. They were divided into a chronic low back pain group (C group: 48 patients, mean age 52.2) and a group without low back pain (N group: 63 healthy volunteers, mean age 40.8). SAF was measured as a parameter of AGEs using an autofluorescence reader. Measurements of low back pain visual analog scale (VAS), presence of diabetes, and SAF were recorded, and correlations between VAS or diabetes and SAF were investigated. Results: The C group had significantly higher SAF (2.20 vs 1.97, p<0.05) than the N group, whereas the SAF for diabetes patients was significantly higher (2.7 vs 2.1, p<0.05) than subjects without diabetes. SAF had no correlation with VAS (P=0.18). SAF is an indicator of AGE accumulation correlated with chronic low back pain and diabetes.
Outcomes of Definitive Chemoradiotherapy for Stage Iva (T4b Vs N4) Esophageal Cancer Based on the Japanese Classification System: A Retrospective Single-center Study&nbsp;
Authors: Wada Yuki , Anbai Akira , Takagi Noriko , Kumagai Satoshi , Okuyama Eriko , Nanjo Hiroshi , Sato Yusuke , Motoyama Satoru , Hashimoto Manabu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Based on the Japanese classification of esophageal cancer, Stage IVa involves locally advanced T4b disease and/or lymphatic spread (N4). Stage IVa disease is generally treated using chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for patients in good condition. However, it is unclear whether there are differences in prognoses or progression patterns between T4b non-N4 and non-T4b N4 cases. This study compared the outcomes of CRT for Stage IVa esophageal cancer according to T/N factors.Methods: We retrospectively identified 68 patients with Stage IVa esophageal cancer who underwent definitive CRT at our center between January 2009 and March 2013. The patients’ medical records, diagnostic images, and radiation plans were reviewed, as well as their treatment outcomes, progression patterns, prognostic factors, and toxicities evaluated based on version 5.0 of the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events.Results: The 68 patients (58 men and 10 women) included had a median age of 67 years (range: 37–87 years). The histological classifications were squamous cell carcinoma (66 patients), adenocarcinoma (one patient), and verrucous carcinoma (one patient). The T/N classifications were T4b non-N4 (29 patients), non-T4b N4 (25 patients), and T4b N4 (14 patients). Local control (complete or partial response) was achieved in 58 patients (85%). The median overall survival was 13 months (2-year rate: 32.1%) and the median progression-free survival was 7 months (2-year rate: 16.4%). We did not manage to detect significant differences between the T/N groups in terms of overall survival, progression-free survival, and progression pattern. Multivariate analyses revealed that independent prognostic factors were nadir hemoglobin and nadir albumin during the CRT period, as well as performance status at CRT initiation. Grade 3 or worse toxicities were observed in 55 patients (81%), and five patients died because of treatment-related adverse events.Conclusion: At our center, there were no significant differences in prognoses or progression patterns among patients with T4b non-N4, non-T4b N4, and T4b N4 esophageal cancer. Thus, it seems impractical to modify CRT regimens based on T/N factors, and delivering sufficient doses of both radiotherapy and chemotherapy is important for adequately treating Stage IVa esophageal cancer regardless of T/N factors.
Malus toringoides&nbsp;(Rehd.) Hughes&nbsp;Improves Metabolic Syndrome&nbsp;and Liver Injury in&nbsp;High-Fructose-Induced Mice
Authors: Quan Xiang Hua , Guo Qie , Li Xiang-Peng , Liang Yu , Cui Meng-Na , Li Jing , Huang Shan , Li Bin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes, as a traditional medicinal and edible plant used in Tibet, China, is used to treat hypertension, hyperlipemia and liver diseases. This present study was designed to investigate the effects of ethanol extract of M. toringoides (EMT) on metabolic syndrome (MS) and liver injury in high-fructose-induced mice. Methods: The C57BL/6J male mice were divided into five groups (n=8). Con group was drunk with standard water, Fru group and the other three with 30% high-fructose water for 8 weeks. EMT (195 mg/kg, 390 mg/kg, 780 mg/kg) was administered to each of high fructose groups simultaneously. Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed. Blood samples were collected from eyeball. The mice were euthanized. Liver and epididymal fat were weighed. The palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 cells were used to evaluate the protective effect of EMT on liver lipid accumulation. Results: The administration of EMT is helpful to maintain near normal body weight, blood glucose, insulin, organ index, glucose tolerance, and serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, Apo-B, and Apo-A1 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). EMT treatment significantly improved liver injury by the down-regulation of liver lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in high-fructose-induced mice (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In vitro, EMT (25 µg/mL-200 µg/mL) significantly decreased lipid droplet accumulation and TG content in PA-induced HepG2 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).Conclusion: EMT can obviously improve high fructose-induced MS in mice. In vitro, EMT can inhibit PA-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells.which may emphasizes the use of M. toringoides supplementation in everyday life of over-weighted persons and opens perspectives for clinical trials.
Phylogeography and Population Genetic Structure of Red Muntjacs: Evidence of Enigmatic Himalayan Red Muntjac From India
Authors: Singh Bhim , Kumar Ajit , Uniyal Virendra Prasad , Gupta Sandeep KUMAR 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundWe investigated the phylogeographic pattern of red muntjac across its distribution range, intending to address the presence of distinct lineages from Northwest India. The Complete mitogenome analysis revealed that India holds three mitochondrial lineages of red muntjac, whereas four were identified from its entire distribution range: Himalayan red muntjac (M. (m.) aureus), Northern red muntjac (M. vaginalis), Srilankan+Western Ghat India (M. malabaricus) and Southern red muntjac (M. muntjak) from Sundaland. ResultsOur mitogenome analysis revealed that India holds three mitochondrial lineages of red muntjac whereas four were identified from its distribution range: Himalayan red muntjac (M. (m.) aureus), Northern red muntjac (M. vaginalis), Sri-Lankan+Western Ghat India (M. malabaricus) and Southern red muntjac (M. muntjak) from Sundaland. The newly identified Himalayan red muntjac was found in the Northwestern part of India, which was previously described based on their morphological differences. Estimates of the divergence timing indicated that the Northwest lineages and Northern lineage split during the late Pleistocene approximately 0.83 Myr (CI95%:0.53–1.26), which is the younger lineages; whereas, M. malabaricus is the most primitive lineage among all the red muntjac. Microsatellite results also supported the mitochondrial data and evident the presence of three distinct genetic clusters within India. Conclusions The pronounced climate fluctuation during the Quaternary period is regarded as the most important factor influencing the current spatial distribution of forest-dwelling species to restrict themselves in north-west areas. Our finding provided evidence of new lineages within the red muntjac group from India, and it should be managed as an evolutionary significant unit (ESUs). There is a need for taxonomic revision for Himalayan red muntjac (M. (m.) aureus) and also suggested its conservation status under IUCN Red List.
Cascading Rupture of Patches of High Seismic Energy Release Controls the Growth Process of Episodic Tremor and Slip Events
Authors: Nakamoto Keita , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro , Uchide Takahiko , Imanishi Kazutoshi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Slip phenomena on plate interfaces reflect the heterogeneous physical properties of the slip plane and thus exhibit a wide variety of slip velocities and rupture propagation behaviors. Recent findings on slow earthquakes reveal similarities and differences between slow and regular earthquakes. Episodic tremor and slip (ETS) events, a type of slow earthquake widely observed in subduction zones, likewise show diverse activity. We investigated the growth of 17 ETS events beneath the Kii Peninsula in the Nankai subduction zone, Japan. Analyses of waveform data recorded by a seismic array enabled us to locate tremor hypocenters and estimate the migration patterns and spatial distribution of the energy release of tremor events. Here we describe three major features in the growth of ETS events. First, independent of their start point and migration pattern, ETS events exhibit patches of high seismic energy release on the up-dip part of the ETS zone, suggesting that the location of these patches is controlled by inherent physical or frictional properties of the plate interface. Second, ETS events usually start outside the high-energy patches, and their final extent depends on whether the patches participate in the rupture. Third, we recognize no size dependence in the initiation phase of ETS events of different sizes with comparable start points. These features demonstrate that the cascading rupture of high-energy patches governs the growth of ETS events, just as the cascading rupture of asperities govern the growth of regular earthquakes.
A single-dose mRNA vaccine provides a long-term protection for hACE2 transgenic mice from SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Huang Qingrui , Ji Kai , Tian Siyu , Wang Fengze , Huang Baoying , Tong Zhou , Tan Shuguang , Hao Junfeng , Wang Qihui , Tan Wenjie , Gao George Fu , Yan Jinghua 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The rapid expansion of COVID-19 pandemic has made the development of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine a global health and economic priority. Taking advantages of versatility and rapid development, three SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidates has entered clinical trials with a two-dose immunization regimen. However, the waning antibodies response in convalescent patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection and the emergence of human re-infection have raised widespread concern about a short duration of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protection. Here, we developed a nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine in lipid-encapsulated form which encoded SARS-CoV-2 RBD, termed as mRNA-RBD. A single immunization of mRNA-RBD elicited both robust neutralizing antibody and cellular response, and conferred a near-complete protection against wild SARS-CoV-2 infection in lungs of hACE2 transgenic mice. Noticeably, high levels of neutralizing antibodies response induced by mRNA-RBD vaccination could maintain for at least 6.5 months and conferred a long-term remarkable protection for hACE2 transgenic mice against SARS-CoV-2 infection in sera transfer study. These data demonstrated that a single dose of mRNA-RBD provided long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge.
Bark and Cambial Variation in the Genus Clematis (Ranunculaceae) in Taiwan
Authors: Yang Sheng-Zehn , Chen Po-Hao , Chen Chien-Fan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundStudies on the anatomical characteristics of stems of Taiwanese species from the Clematis genus (Ranunculaceae) are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare cambial variation in stems of 22 Clematis species. ResultsThe rhytidome (outer bark) was either cogwheel-like or continuous, except for in the species Clematis tashiroi. Key features of the genus were eccentric to elliptical or polygonous-lobed stems, wedge-like phloem, wedge-like rays, indentations in the axial parenchyma, and ray dilatation. The cortical sclerenchyma fibers were embedded in the phloem rays with approximately 23% of the Clematis species. Both C. psilandra and C. tsugetorum had restricted vessels. There were three vascular bundle patterns, with approximately 27% of the Clematis species in Taiwan having 12 vascular bundles. The vessels dispersed throughout the stem were semi-ring-porous in most species, but were ring-porous in others. No species had diffuse-porous vessels. Only two species had a primary xylem ring located around the pith. Secondary xylem rays split the secondary xylem into parts, increasing stem diameter. The developmental stage of each sample was determined, with the initial ring-like periderm being produced in the primary phloem during the second stage. ConclusionsThe cambial variations described in this study provide a foundation for further morphological studies of the Clematis genus.
Current Status of Aggressive End-of-Life Care in Children with Hematologic Malignancy: A Population Based Study
Authors: Yotani Nobuyuki , Shinjo Daisuke , Kato Motohiro , Matsumoto Kimikazu , Fushimi Kiyohide , Kizawa Yoshiyuki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Hematologic malignancies are the most frequent type of cancer in children but limited data are available regarding the quality of end-of-life care (EOLC) for children with hematologic malignancies. The aims of this study were (i) to compare aggressive EOLC between children with hematologic malignancies and those with solid tumors; and (ii) to describe factors associated with aggressive EOLC in children with hematologic malignancies.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 0- to 18-year-old patients with cancer, who died between April 2012 and March 2016 in Japan using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination per-diem payment system. Indicators of aggressive inpatient EOLC were defined as intensive care unit admission, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), intubation and/or mechanical ventilation, hemodialysis, or extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation in the last 30 days of life, or intravenous chemotherapy in the last 14 days. We determined factors associated with aggressive EOLC using regression models. Data regarding use of blood transfusion were also obtained from the database.Results: Among 1199 patients, 433 (36%) had hematological malignancies. Children with hematologic malignancies were significantly more likely than those with solid tumors to have intubation and/or mechanical ventilation (37.9% vs. 23.5%), intensive care unit admission (21.9% vs. 7.2%), CPR (14.5% vs. 7.7%), hemodialysis (13.2% vs. 3.1%) or extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (2.5% vs. 0.4%) in their last 30 days, or intravenous chemotherapy (47.8% vs. 18.4%; all P < .01) within their last 14 days of life. Over 90% of children with hematological malignancies received a blood transfusion within the last 7 days of life. For hematological malignancies, age under 5 years was associated with CPR and ≥2 aggressive EOLC indicators. Longer hospital stays had decreased odds of ≥2 aggressive EOLC indicators.Conclusion: Children with hematologic malignancies are more likely to have aggressive EOLC compared to those with solid tumors. A younger age and shorter hospital stay might be associated with aggressive EOLC in children with hematologic malignancies.
A clinical-radiomics nomogram for functional outcome predictions in ischemic stroke
Authors: Wang Hao , Sun Yi , Ge Yaqiong , Wu Pu-Yeh , Lin Jixian , Zhao Jing , Song Bin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Stroke remains the reading cause of death and disability worldwide. Effective and prompt prognostic evaluation is vital for management strategy choice. Radiomics is an emerging non-invasive method used to identify the quantitative imaging indicators for predicting important clinical outcomes. This study was to investigate and validate a radiomics nomogram for predicting ischemic stroke prognosis using the modified Rankin scale (mRS).Methods: Totally 598 consecutive patients with subacute infarction confirmed by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in 2018-2019 were retrospectively assessed. They were assigned to the good (mRS ≤ 2) and poor (mRS > 2) functional outcome groups, respectively. Then, 399 and 199 patients examined by MR scanners 1 and 2, respectively, were assigned to the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Infarction lesions underwent manual segmentation on DWI, extracting 402 radiomic properties, including infarction volume. A radiomics nomogram encompassing patient characteristics and the radiomics signature was built using a multivariate logistic regression model. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated in the training and validation cohorts. Ultimately, decision curve analysis was implemented to assess the clinical value of the nomogram.Results: Stroke lesion volume showed average performance with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.678. The radiomics signature, including 11 radiomics features, exhibited good prediction performance. Meanwhile, the radiomics nomogram, encompassing clinical characteristics (age, hemorrhage and 24 h National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score) and the radiomics signature, presented good discriminatory potential in the training cohort (AUC=0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75–0.86), which was validated in the validation cohort (AUC=0.73; 95%CI 0.63–0.82). In addition, it demonstrated good calibration in the training (p=0.55) and validation (p=0.21) cohorts. Decision curve analysis confirmed the clinical value of this nomogram.Conclusions: The novel noninvasive clinical-radiomics nomogram shows good performance in predicting ischemic stroke prognosis.
A retrospective study of risk factors for calf venous thrombosis in patients with cerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Gao Xiaogang , Li Yi , Hou Dongzhe 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose：To investigate the risk factors for calf venous thrombosis in patients with cerebral hemorrhage, so as to provide a reference for customized clinical decision.Methods：396 intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients were enrolled in this retrospective study from January 2017 to December 2019. Risk factors and predictors of occurrence for Muscle calf venous thrombosis (MCVT) were summarized and analyzed by Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis.Results: 128 ICH patients with MCVT and 268 without ones were included. Demographic features comparison showed that ICH with MCVT patients showed older average age than those without ones (p=0.039). Co-morbid diseases analysis showed that patients with MCVT tend to complicate with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) (p=0.040). The comparison of laboratory examinations showed serum level of glucose (p=0.011), Fibrinogen (p=0.046) and D-Dimer (p=0.007) was significantly different. For clinical manifestations, the coma degree (GCS score) and muscle strength level were related to occurring of MCVT. Multivariate logistic regression identified higher age (OR=1.036, 95%CI =1.009-1.064, P= 0.008), higher D-Dimer level (OR=2.379, 95%CI =1.338-4.231, P= 0.003), low GCS (OR=0.932, 95%CI =0.868-0.998, P= 0.044) and lower affected side muscle strength (0-3 grade) (OR=1.624, 95%CI =1.009-2.614, P= 0.046) will predict higher incidence of MCVT in ICH patients.Conclusion: According to our study, higher age, higher D-Dimer level, lower GCS score and lower affected side muscle strength were associated with higher incidence of MCVT in ICH patients. Clinical doctors should pay more attention to prevent MCVT in ICH patients which coincide with those risk factors.