bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autologous cord blood cell infusion in preterm neonates safely reduces respiratory support duration and potentially preterm complications
Authors: Ren Zhuxiao , Xu Fang , Zhang Xiaoling , Zhang Chunyi , Miao Jiayu , Xia Xin , Kang Mengmeng , Wei Wei , Ma Tianbao , Zhang Qi , Lu Lijuan , Wen Jiying , Liu Guocheng , Liu Kaiyan , Wang Qi , Yang Jie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Preterm birth and its complications are the leading cause of neonatal death. The main underlying pathological mechanisms for preterm complications are disruption of the normal maturation processes within the target tissues, interrupted by premature birth. Cord blood, as a new and convenient source of stem cells, may provide new, promising options for preventing preterm complications. This prospective, nonrandomized placebo controlled study aimed at investigating the effect of autologous cord blood mononuclear cells (ACBMNC) for preventing preterm associated complications. Preterm infants less than 35 weeks gestational age were assigned to receive ACBMNC (5 × 107 cells/kg) intravenous or normal saline within 8 hours after birth. Preterm complication rates were compared between two groups to demonstrate the effect of ACBMNC infusion in reducing preterm complications. Fifteen preterm infants received ACBMNC infusion, and 16 infants were assigned to the control group. There were no significant differences when comparing mortality and preterm complication rates before discharge. However, ACBMNC infusion demonstrated significant decreases in duration of mechanical ventilation (3.2 days vs 6.41 days, P = .028) and oxygen therapy (5.33 days vs 11.31 days, P = .047). ACBMNC infusion was effective in reducing respiratory support duration in very preterm infants. Due to the limited number of patients enrolled, powered randomized controlled trials are needed to better define its efficacy.

Significance statement The results from this prospective nonrandomized study found that autologous cord blood cells infusion substantially reduced the duration of mechanical ventilation and oxygen supplement. Fewer preterm complications were observed in the cord blood cell infusion group, although there was no significant difference. Preterm birth complications are the first major direct cause of neonatal death, and no curative therapies are available to alleviate the symptoms of preterm complications. Stem cells as a treatment provides regrowth to their underdeveloped organs and therefore could improve the outcomes of preterm infants by adding more stem/progenitor cells. This may be helpful to prevent preterm complications.
Confidence interval estimation for the changepoint of treatment stratification in the presence of a qualitative covariate‐treatment interaction
Authors: Haller Bernhard , Mansmann Ulrich , Dobler Dennis , Ulm Kurt , Hapfelmeier Alexander 
Published: November 2019

The goal in stratified medicine is to administer the “best” treatment to a patient. Not all patients might benefit from the same treatment; the choice of best treatment can depend on certain patient characteristics. In this article, it is assumed that a time‐to‐event outcome is considered as a patient‐relevant outcome and a qualitative interaction between a continuous covariate and treatment exists, ie, that patients with different values of one specific covariate should be treated differently. We suggest and investigate different methods for confidence interval estimation for the covariate value, where the treatment recommendation should be changed based on data collected in a randomized clinical trial. An adaptation of Fieller's theorem, the delta method, and different bootstrap approaches (normal, percentile‐based, wild bootstrap) are investigated and compared in a simulation study. Extensions to multivariable problems are presented and evaluated. We observed appropriate confidence interval coverage following Fieller's theorem irrespective of sample size but at the cost of very wide or even infinite confidence intervals. The delta method and the wild bootstrap approach provided the smallest intervals but inadequate coverage for small to moderate event numbers, also depending on the location of the true changepoint. For the percentile‐based bootstrap, wide intervals were observed, and it was slightly conservative regarding coverage, whereas the normal bootstrap did not provide acceptable results for many scenarios. The described methods were also applied to data from a randomized clinical trial comparing two treatments for patients with symptomatic, severe carotid artery stenosis, considering patient's age as predictive marker.
Unwelcome voices: The gender bias‐mitigating potential of unconventionality
Authors: Parker Owen , Mui Rachel , Titus Varkey 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResearch SummarySubstantial evidence indicates that leaders are perceived through a lens of gender bias, but what mitigates such bias remains underexplored. Examining men and women in creative, project‐based leadership roles, we integrate insights from role congruity and gender bias literatures to predict how project unconventionality and leader gender affect external perceptions of project quality. We argue that prejudice against female leaders is strongest for conventional projects due to the established presence of male‐centric prototypical projects which induce bias, but that project unconventionality weakens this bias by distancing the project from these male‐centric prototypes. We find support for this using a sample of 1,414 films by 32 major film studios (1990–2014) across three measures of perceived quality: moviegoer ratings, critic ratings, and film awards.Managerial SummaryDespite recent strides in gender equality, women are still highly underrepresented in leadership positions across all kinds of organizations. This is partly because society still views women as “less fit for leadership,” and this both prevents the appointment of female leaders and damages audience perceptions of the few projects that women do lead. Surprisingly, we know little about how to address this bias. In this study, we predict that in terms of how audiences rate the quality of a project, “unconventional” projects are less susceptible to gender bias. After examining 1,414 feature films from 32 major studios, we find that whether audiences rate a female‐directed film poorly depends on its conventionality—conventional films favor male directors, while unconventional films favor female directors.
Immune Checkpoint Blockade Mediated by a Small‐Molecule Nanoinhibitor Targeting the PD‐1/PD‐L1 Pathway Synergizes with Photodynamic Therapy to Elicit Antitumor Immunity and Antimetastatic Effects on Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhu Zhiyan , Lv Hongying , Li Futian , Sun Shuqing , Li Juan , Lee Chun‐Sing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTargeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) immunologic checkpoint blockade with monoclonal antibodies has achieved recent clinical success in antitumor therapy. However, therapeutic antibodies exhibit several issues such as limited tumor penetration, immunogenicity, and costly production. Here, Bristol‐Myers Squibb nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared using a reprecipitation method. The NPs have advantages including passive targeting, hydrophilic and nontoxic features, and a 100% drug loading rate. BMS‐202 is a small‐molecule inhibitor of the PD‐1/PD‐L1 interaction that is developed by BMS. Transfer of BMS‐202 NPs to 4T1 tumor‐bearing mice results in markedly slower tumor growth to the same degree as treatment with anti‐PD‐L1 monoclonal antibody (α‐PD‐L1). Consistently, the combination of Ce6 NPs with BMS‐202 NPs or α‐PD‐L1 in parallel shows more efficacious antitumor and antimetastatic effects, accompanied by enhanced dendritic cell maturation and infiltration of antigen‐specific T cells into the tumors. Thus, inhibition rates of primary and distant tumors reach >90%. In addition, BMS‐202 NPs are able to attack spreading metastatic lung tumors and offer immune‐memory protection to prevent tumor relapse. These results indicate that BMS‐202 NPs possess effects similar to α‐PD‐L1 in the therapies of 4T1 tumors. Therefore, this work reveals the possibility of replacing the antibody used in immunotherapy for tumors with BMS‐202 NPs.
Modelling “Occident/Orient” duality and migration process with mobile agents
Authors: M'hamdi Ahmed , Sfa Fatima‐Ezahra , Nemiche Mohamed , Hachimi El Idrissi Saida , Pla‐López Rafael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe history of the evolution of human societies up to the present day has been marked by large‐scale collective migrations as well as by a clear duality between a West dominated by individualistic social behaviours and an East dominated by collective social behaviours. Only, at the end of the 20th century, the two lines of evolution converge towards a capitalist globalization.The main objective of this work is to build an agent‐based model from the mathematical model of Rafael Pla‐López in order to simulate the social evolution of an artificial society. The simulations of our model make it possible to understand the collective migration process and different lines of social evolution such as Occident/Orient duality. This model can serve as a virtual laboratory to understand the processes involved in human social evolution and explore different trajectories of human social evolution.
Assessing the impact of R&D policy on PV market development: The case of South Korea
Authors: Ha Yoon‐Hee , Byrne John , Lee Hae‐Seok , Lee Ye‐Jin , Kim Dong‐Hwan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to examine the Korean photovoltaic (PV) R&D strategy and its effectiveness in helping Korean manufacturer competitiveness. The article reviewed the Korean government's PV R&D funding from 2008 to 2017 and investigated the technology readiness levels of 298 R&D projects funded by the Korean government during the same period. It is found that the Korean government followed a two‐track approach of nurturing commercialization technology to cope with rapid growth and volatility in the current global market. The effects of government support for market‐ready and next‐generation technologies in order to position the country in today's competition and to prepare it for “first mover” opportunities in emerging markets are considered. During 2008–2017, Korean manufacturers maintained a 7% of market share. Module prices, which were more than USD 6 per watt in 2000, fell to less than USD 1 in 2017. From a technical point of view, silicon‐based modules have achieved world‐class status in their efficiency. Performance of the country's nonsilicon technologies reached nearly 90% of the world's best nonsilicon products in the early 2010s, but recently, next‐generation technology development is lagging. Despite Korean PV industry's achievements, it is unclear whether Korean government PV R&D strategy affected competitiveness. Since 2013, the Korean government has sharply cut PV R&D funding. Early growth may have been affected by government support, but recent growth may be driven by corporate strategies. A significantly higher level of R&D funding may be needed for Korea's next‐generation technologies to capture “first mover” status.This article is categorized under:
Energy and Climate > Economics and Policy
Photovoltaics > Economics and Policy
Energy Policy and Planning > Economics and Policy
Network architecture and regulatory logic in neural crest development
Authors: Hovland Austin S. , Rothstein Megan , Simoes‐Costa Marcos 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe neural crest is an ectodermal cell population that gives rise to over 30 cell types during vertebrate embryogenesis. These stem cells are formed at the border of the developing central nervous system and undergo extensive migration before differentiating into components of multiple tissues and organs. Neural crest formation and differentiation is a multistep process, as these cells transition through sequential regulatory states before adopting their adult phenotype. Such changes are governed by a complex gene regulatory network (GRN) that integrates environmental and cell‐intrinsic inputs to regulate cell identity. Studies of neural crest cells in a variety of vertebrate models have elucidated the function and regulation of dozens of the molecular players that are part of this network. The neural crest GRN has served as a platform to explore the molecular control of multipotency, cell differentiation, and the evolution of vertebrates. In this review, we employ this genetic program as a stepping‐stone to explore the architecture and the regulatory principles of developmental GRNs. We also discuss how modern genomic approaches can further expand our understanding of genetic networks in this system and others.This article is categorized under:
Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease
Biological Mechanisms > Cell Fates
Developmental Biology > Lineages
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models
Semiclassical correlators in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity
Authors: Bulycheva Ksenia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the semiclassical approximation to JT gravity, we find two-point and four- point correlators of heavy operators. To do so, we introduce a massive particle in the bulk and compute its action with gravitational backreaction. In Euclidean signature, the two- point function has a finite limit at large distances. In real time, we find that the thermal two-point function approaches an exponentially small value ∼ exp(−N) at long time. We also find that after a period of exponential decay, the out of time ordered four-point function approaches an exponentially small value as well.
Critical point in a holographic defect field theory
Authors: Filev Veselin G. , Rashkov R. C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We study a holographic gauge theory dual to the D3/D5 intersection. We consider a pure gauge B-field flux through the internal two-sphere wrapped by the probe D5-brane, which corresponds to a non-commutative configuration of adjoint scalars. There is a domain wall separating the theory into regions with different ranks of the adjoint group. At zero temperature the theory is supersymmetric and at finite temperature there is a critical point of a second order phase transition. We study the corresponding critical exponents and find that the second derivatives of the free energy, with respect to the bare mass and the magnetic field, diverge with a critical exponent of −2/3.
Bisimulation and Coinduction Enhancements: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Pous Damien , Sangiorgi Davide 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Bisimulation is an instance of coinduction. Both bisimulation and coinduction are today widely used, in many areas of Computer Science, as well as outside Computer Science. Over, roughly, the last 25 years, enhancements of the principles and methods related to bisimulation and coinduction (i.e., techniques to make proofs shorter and simpler) have become a research topic on its own. In the paper the origins and the developments of the topic are reviewed.
The incompatibility of local economic prosperity and migrants’ social integration: evidence from the Netherlands
Authors: Wang Zhiling 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of the conditions of local labour markets on the social networks of immigrants, with an emphasis on co-ethnic contact and contact with people native to the locality. This study focuses on the case of immigrants in the Netherlands. For this case, I derived and empirically tested a job and residential search model. I found that a high job arrival rate and large wage differences between the ethnic labour market and the host labour market both correlate with immigrants developing stronger co-ethnic networks and weaker native networks as well as with immigrants choosing to live in more ethnically concentrated areas. These findings suggest that local economic prosperity does not necessarily beget social integration: in this case study, immigrants spontaneously assimilated less into the host society during a good economic period.
Extended steep ramp test normative values for 19–24-year-old healthy active young adults
Authors: Werkman M. S. , Bongers B. C. , Blatter T. , Takken T. , Wittink H. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose

To extend currently available sex and age-specific normative values in children and adolescents for the peak work rate (WRpeak) attained at the steep ramp test (SRT) to healthy active young adults.

Methods
Healthy male and female participants aged between 19 and 24 years were recruited. After screening and anthropometric measurements, participants performed a SRT on a cycle ergometer (increments of 25 W/10 s), monitoring and recording SRT-WRpeak, heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) at rest and directly after peak exercise.

Results
Fifty-seven participants (31 males and 26 females; median age of 21.3 years) volunteered and were tested. Anthropometrics, resting BP and lung function were all within normal ranges. Ninety-three percent of the participants attained a peak HR (HRpeak) > 80% of predicted (mean HRpeak 87 ± 5% of predicted). No differences were found in resting and peak exercise variables between females and males, except for absolute SRT-WRpeak (350 W [Q1: 306; Q3: 371] and 487 W [Q1: 450; Q3: 517], respectively) and SRT-WRpeak normalized for body mass (relative SRT-WRpeak; 5.4 ± 0.5 and 6.2 ± 0.6 W/kg, respectively). Low-to-moderate correlations (ρ [0.02–0.71]) were observed between SRT-WRpeak and anthropometric variables for females and males separately. Extended reference curves (8–24-year-old subjects) for SRT performance show different trends between male and female subjects when modelled against age, body height, and body mass.

Conclusions
The present study provides sex-, age-, body height-, and body mass-related normative values (presented as reference centiles) for absolute and relative SRT performance throughout childhood and early adulthood.
Improved metabolic control using glucose monitoring systems leads to improvement in vibration perception thresholds in type 1 diabetes patients
Authors: Dahlin Lars B. , Elgzyri Targ , Löndahl Magnus , Ekman Linnéa , Lindholm Eero 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aims
Few studies have examined how improved metabolic control might influence vibration perception thresholds (VPTs). The aim of this study was to evaluate if improved HbA1c can influence vibration thresholds in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1DM).

Methods
VPTs were investigated at six frequencies (4–125 Hz) using VibroSense Meter in the sole of the foot at two occasions in 159 T1DM patients, at the heads of the first and fifth metatarsal bones, i.e. MTH1 and MTH5, respectively. The participants were divided into three groups: group A: HbA1c improved by more than 1 mmol/mol (n = 95), group B: HbA1c deteriorated by more than 1 mmol/mol (n = 48) and group C: HbA1c unchanged (± 1 mmol/mol) (n = 16) compared to baseline.

Results
In group A, the mean z-score, reflecting the combined effect of all VPTs, improved being lower at the follow-up than at the baseline [0.2 (− 0.3 to 1.2) vs. −0.1 (− 0.7 to 0.8), p = 0.00002]. VPTs improved at 4 and 64 Hz at both MTH1 (metatarsal head 1) and MTH5. The VPTs at 125 Hz frequency improved at MTH5, but not at MTH1. No significant differences were seen in group B or group C.

Conclusions
Lower HbA1c and lower VPTs in T1DM patients were associated with improved VPT, suggesting a reversible effect on nerve function by improved metabolic control.
Drug-related problems among hospitalized patients with COPD in mainland China
Authors: Li Qin , Qu Hui Jun , Lv Dan , Yeh Ming-Kung , Sun Shusen , Li Ling , Liao Yun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundData are lacking about the extent of drug-related problems in hospitalized patients with COPD in China.ObjectiveIdentify types and causes of drug-related problems and assess interventions performed by pharmacists.SettingStudy was conducted in an academic teaching hospital in Shanghai, China.MethodBetween June 2017 and July 2018, 393 patients admitted to hospital for acute exacerbation of COPD hospitalized were enrolled. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics were collected. The drug-related problems and interventions were recorded and analyzed based on the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE)-DRP V 8.02 classification.Main outcome measuresThe number, types, causes, interventions, and outcomes of the problems were analyzed.ResultsA total of 640 DRPs, with 763 corresponding causes, were identified for 393 patients. “Treatment safety P2” was the most common type of problem (54.2%; 347/640), and the most common causes were “drug selection C1” (24.2%; 185/763), “dose selection C3” (21.5%; 164/763) and “treatment duration C4” (17.7%; 135/763). Antibiotics, corticosteroids, and proton pump inhibitors were the three primary medication classes associated with DRPs. Patients, hospitalized for more than eight days, taking ten or more drugs or having renal dysfunctions were more likely to have drug-related problems. Pharmacists totally proposed 1557 interventions to address the problems. Most interventions (91.0%; 1418/1557) were accepted, and 91.6% of the problems were solved.ConclusionThe prevalence of drug-related problems among the studied COPD patients was high. Pharmacists can have an important role in addressing the problems and optimizing the safety and effectiveness of therapies for hospitalized COPD patients.
Impact of Knee Injuries on Post-retirement Pain and Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Professional Basketball Players
Authors: Khan Moin , Ekhtiari Seper , Burrus Tyrrell , Madden Kim , Rogowski Joseph P. , Bedi Asheesh 
Published: November 2019

Background Professional basketball players are at increased risk for knee injuries. Epidemiologic data exist on the prevalence of such injuries in players in the National Basketball Association (NBA), but little is known about how these injuries affect athletes before after retirement. Questions/Purposes The goals of this study were to evaluate the rates and characteristics of knee injury before and during NBA players’ careers and how those injuries correspond to knee injury, pain, or surgery, as well as quality of life, after retirement. Methods A cross-sectional survey study was performed. The survey instrument was designed with the aid of a multidisciplinary focus group. Data collected included patient demographics; length of professional career; injuries before, during, and after the athletes’ NBA careers; and post-retirement quality of life, assessed using the EQ-5D and Tegner Activity Scale. The survey was distributed electronically to 900 retired NBA athletes. Descriptive statistics were used to present means and proportions, and multiple regression analysis was performed to assess for potential factors correlated to injury. Results One hundred eight retired NBA players participated (a response rate of 12%). Almost a third (32.4%) sustained a knee injury before starting their NBA career; 51 (47.2%) sustained knee injury during professional play in the NBA, and nearly two-thirds of those players (62.7%) needed surgery. Among those who reported knee injuries during their NBA career, a majority had knee pain that continued until retirement (72.5%). Two-thirds (67%) reported having knee pain currently (at the time of the survey). More than a third (34.0%) underwent knee surgery after retirement, which included nine total knee arthroplasties (8.3%). Conclusion A majority of retired NBA athletes in our study had knee pain, and many needed operative management during and after their NBA careers. NBA players score lower on quality-of-life measures than average North American men of similar age. Further research is needed to elucidate the best strategies for recognizing and treating knee injuries in these athletes.