bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal statistics of residual wavefront variance of an adaptive optics system
Authors: Huang Jian , Zhou Hong , Yang Jinsheng , Liu Chao , Xian Hao 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We present the probability density function (PDF) for the residual wavefront variance of an adaptive optics system that includes control error, the fitting error of a deformable mirror, and Hartmann sensor detecting noise. The PDF is directly connected to adaptive optics system parameters and the spatiotemporal strength parameters of atmospheric turbulence, and it can be described as a generalized Chi square distribution. Our results provide a more precise theory for adaptive optics systems compared to the current theory based on the ensemble average. Thus, this study can contribute to the development of high-resolution and high-stability adaptive optics systems for astronomy and optical communications in the atmosphere.
On the structure of the Sally module and the second normal Hilbert coefficient
Authors: Masuti Shreedevi , Ozeki Kazuho , Rossi Maria Evelina , Truong Hoang 
Published: October 2019

The Hilbert coefficients of the normal filtration give important geometric information on the base ring like the pseudo-rationality. The Sally module was introduced by W.V. Vasconcelos and it is useful to connect the Hilbert coefficients to the homological properties of the associated graded module of a Noetherian filtration. In this paper we give a complete structure of the Sally module in the case the second normal Hilbert coefficient attains almost minimal value in an analytically unramified Cohen-Macaulay local ring. As a consequence, in this case we present a complete description of the Hilbert function of the associated graded ring of the normal filtration. A deep analysis of the vanishing of the third normal Hilbert coefficient has been necessary. This study is related to a longstanding conjecture stated by S. Itoh.
Health Status and Quality of Life of Women Seeking Infertility Treatments in Baluchistan, Pakistan
Authors: Hassan Sehar-Un-Nisa , Siddiqui Salma , Friedman Bruce D 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObstacles in health-care service delivery and attitudinal barriers contribute to women being vulnerable to increased social and psychological costs resulting from infertility in developing countries. The present study uses quantitative data to examine women’s infertility experiences and its impact on their quality of life (QoL). Women seeking infertility treatments from reproductive health-care centres in Baluchistan, Pakistan participated in the study. Findings demonstrate that infertility has a significant influence on women’s health and QoL, irrespective of age, education, years in marriage, economic background and types of infertility. Given that women also experience several additional social consequences of infertility, such as a husband’s second marriage, fear of divorce, intimate-partner violence, social stigma and family pressure for a male child, social workers must comprehend the economic, social and cultural factors associated with infertility and its influence on health status and QoL. Findings have implications for prioritising an integrative intervention plan at the micro, mezzo and macro levels of practice to address the gaps and inequalities in the health care of infertile couples.
The Information Behaviour of Social Workers: Needs, Seeking, Acquiring and Using Information in Practice
Authors: Flanagan Niamh 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the debate about what informs social work practice, research remains the dominant discourse. However, the relationship between research and social work practice has always been an uneasy one, arguably passed from other clinical disciplines without resizing to fit social work. Even as social work research matures as a discipline it represents one element in a much broader composite which informs practice. This article takes a unique step back from the traditional research-practice discourse and examines the broader information landscape of social work practice, asking how practitioners inform their practice, rather than how research informs practice. This study explores the information needs that prompt practitioners to search for information, the strategies they employ, their acquisition of information and the uses to which the information is put. This study aims to elucidate the information behaviour with a view to improving dissemination and use. Findings demonstrate that the social work information base is substantially broader than has been suggested. Practitioners employ a pragmatic palette of strategies to navigate the breadth of information that supports practice, from research through to knowledge sharing. This article proposes that a pragmatic framework of information behaviour is required to accurately reflect the information behaviour of social workers.
Cerebrospinal fluid tau fragment correlates with tau PET: a candidate biomarker for tangle pathology
Authors: Blennow Kaj , Chen Chun , Cicognola Claudia , Wildsmith Kristin R , Manser Paul T , Bohorquez Sandra M Sanabria , Zhang Zhentao , Xie Boer , Peng Junmin , Hansson Oskar , Kvartsberg Hlin , Portelius Erik , Zetterberg Henrik , Lashley Tammaryn , Brinkmalm Gunnar , Kerchner Geoffrey A , Weimer Robby M , Ye Keqiang , Höglund Kina 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To date, there is no validated fluid biomarker for tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease, with contradictory results from studies evaluating the correlation between phosphorylated tau in CSF with tau PET imaging. Tau protein is subjected to proteolytic processing into fragments before being secreted to the CSF. A recent study suggested that tau cleavage after amino acid 368 by asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) is upregulated in Alzheimer’s disease. We used immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometric analyses to evaluate the presence of tau368 species in CSF. A novel Simoa® assay for quantification of tau368 in CSF was developed, while total tau (t-tau) was measured by ELISA and the presence of tau368 in tangles was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The diagnostic utility of tau368 was first evaluated in a pilot study (Alzheimer’s disease = 20, control = 20), then in a second cohort where the IWG-2 biomarker criteria were applied (Alzheimer’s disease = 37, control = 45), and finally in a third cohort where the correlation with 18F-GTP1 tau PET was evaluated (Alzheimer’s disease = 38, control = 11). The tau368/t-tau ratio was significantly decreased in Alzheimer’s disease (P &lt; 0.001) in all cohorts. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that tau fragments ending at 368 are present in tangles. There was a strong negative correlation between the CSF tau368/t-tau ratio and 18F-GTP1 retention. Our data suggest that tau368 is a tangle-enriched fragment and that the CSF ratio tau368/t-tau reflects tangle pathology. This novel tau biomarker could be used to improve diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and to facilitate the development of drug candidates targeting tau pathology. Furthermore, future longitudinal studies will increase our understanding of tau pathophysiology in Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies.
Revisiting the concept of liquidity in liquidity preference
Authors: Culham James 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper revisits Keynes’s theory of liquidity preference to emphasise its reliance on liquidity. By clarifying the meaning of ‘liquidity’ in the context of the theory, it is argued that liquidity preference is not based on the demand for money, the most tradable asset, or a theory of bearishness. Instead, liquidity preference represents a demand for price-protected (capital-safe) assets, most directly inside and outside money, but also cash-equivalent quasi-money such as self-liquidating assets and security repurchase agreements (repo). The theory of liquidity preference explains that the public is willing to forgo interest income to hold short-term price-protected assets due to the capital and price uncertainty associated with relying on market liquidity, or how easy it is to convert an asset into money. It follows that the rate of interest is a monetary phenomenon and is determined independently of saving and investment.
Deletion of IL-6 Exacerbates Colitis and Induces Systemic Inflammation in IL-10-Deficient Mice
Authors: Ye Mei , Joosse Maria E , Liu Ling , Sun Yu , Dong Ying , Cai Changchun , Song Zhenmei , Zhang Jennifer , Brant Steven R , Lazarev Mark , Li Xuhang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Interleukin 6 [IL-6] or its receptor is currently a candidate for targeted biological therapy of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the consequences of blocking IL-6 is imperative. We investigated this by evaluating the effects of IL-6 deletion on the spontaneous colitis of IL-10-deficient mice [IL-10−/−].

Methods
IL-6/IL-10 double-deficient mice [IL-6−/−/IL-10−/−] were generated and analysed for intestinal inflammation, general phenotypes and molecular/biochemical changes in the colonic mucosa compared with wild-type and IL-10−/− mice.

Results
Unexpectedly, the IL-6−/−/IL-10−/− mice showed more pronounced gut inflammation and earlier disease onset than IL-10−/− mice, both locally [colon and small bowel] and systemically [splenomegaly, ulcerative dermatitis, leukocytosis, neutrophilia and monocytosis]. IL-6−/−/IL-10−/− mice exhibited elevations of multiple cytokines [IL-1β, IL-4, IL-12, TNFα] and chemokines [MCP-1 and MIG], but not IFN-γ [Th1], IL-17A and IL-17G [Th17], or IL-22 [Th22]. FOXP3 and TGF-β, two key factors for regulatory T [Treg] cell differentiation, were significantly down-regulated in the colonic mucosa, but not in the thymus or mesenteric lymph nodes, of IL-6−/−/IL-10−/− mice. CTLA-4 was diminished while iNOS was up-regulated in the colonic mucosa of IL-6−/−/IL-10−/− mice.

Conclusion
In IL-10−/− mice, complete IL-6 blockade significantly aggravates gut inflammation, at least in part by suppressing Treg/CTLA-4 and promoting the IL-1β/Th2 pathway. In addition, the double mutant exhibits signs of severe systemic inflammation. Our data define a new function of IL-6 and suggest that caution should be exercised when targeting IL-6 in IBD patients, particularly those with defects in IL-10 signalling.
Impact of orthodontic-surgical treatment on quality of life: a meta-analysis
Authors: de Araujo Cristiano Miranda , Schroder Angela Graciela Deliga , de Araujo Bianca Marques de Mattos , Cavalcante-Leão Bianca L , Stechman-Neto José , Zeigelboim Bianca Simone , Santos Rosane Sampaio , Guariza-Filho Odilon 
Published: October 2019

Summary

Background
Orthognathic surgery involves a change in the patient’s functional and aesthetic aspects.

Objective
The objective was to answer the following focused question: what is the impact on quality of life (QoL; aesthetic, function, social, and psychological aspects) in patients undergoing orthodontic-surgical treatment?

Search methods
Appropriate word combinations and truncations were selected and tailored specifically for each electronic database: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature and gray literature.

Selection criteria
Studies that met the following criteria was included: patients with dentofacial deformity (P); surgical correction through orthodontic-surgical treatment (E/I); before orthodontic-surgical treatment or patients with no dentofacial deformity (C); QoL (O); cross-sectional, cohort, case-control and randomized or non-randomized clinical trial (S).

Data collection and analysis
In phase 1, two reviewers independently reviewed the titles and abstracts of all references. All articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded. In phase 2, the same reviewers completely read the selected articles independently.

Results
A total of 2879 articles were retrieved during the final database search. Fifty-two articles were selected for full reading, of which 16 were excluded, resulting in 36 included articles. The meta-analysis was performed using 13 of the selected studies. When comparing the period before any treatment with the post-operative period of 4–8 weeks, there was an association only for facial aesthetics (mean difference = 3.00; 95 per cent confidence interval = 1.10–4.89; inconsistency index = 63 per cent). The comparison between the period before any treatment with the 6 month post-operative period showed an improved QoL in all of the domains evaluated and, when comparing data after the orthodontic-surgical preparation (before surgery) and after 5–12 months of surgery, there was also statistical significance with an increased QoL for all of the domains evaluated.

Conclusions
In conclusion, based on the results of this systematic review and meta-analysis, the evidence suggests an improvement in the QoL of patients undergoing orthodontic-surgical treatment regarding aesthetic, functional, social, and psychological aspects.

Registration
CRD42017069495
Authenticity and motivation: a writing for publication experience
Authors: Banegas Darío Luis , Roberts Grisel , Colucci Romina , Sarsa Betina Ana 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Framed in exploratory action research, this article reports on an experience carried out at an initial English teacher education (IELTE) programme in Argentina. A group of four tutors noticed their student-teachers’ demotivation to complete written coursework. On exploring this issue, it was found that lack of authenticity of audience in writing tasks acted as a demotivation factor. The tutors adapted their teaching practices to engage the student-teachers in a writing for publication project organized by an Argentinian teacher association in 2018. To understand the effects of this experience on the student-teachers’ motivation, data were collected through individual interviews, in-class group discussions, pair-work tasks with the student-teachers, and through notes taken during tutors’ meetings. Findings show that while authenticity of audience acted as a motivating factor with more advanced student-teachers, most student-teachers and tutors engaged in motivational synergy triggered by a change in tutors’ teaching practices given the possibility of publishing.
Feasibility and acceptability of an intervention for enhancing reintegration in adults with experience of homelessness
Authors: Sundin Eva C , Mrowiec Aleksandra , Bowpitt Graham , Boatman Charlotte A , Williams A J , Sarkar Mustafa , Baguley Thom S 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundService centres for homeless adults are potential settings for implementation of reintegration interventions. This study aimed to evaluate (i) the acceptability of a group-based programme among individuals from the broad population of homeless people and (ii) if a future study of its feasibility and acceptability for re-housed homeless people is warranted.MethodsRecruiting participants and intervention facilitators from partnering service centres was thought to improve recruitment and retention, cost-effectiveness and social interactions compared to professional-led interventions. Seven adults with experience of homelessness (three females, four males, mean age 39 years, range 18–63) were recruited to participate in the intervention. The research protocol comprised completion pre/post of scales [Recovering Quality of Life questionnaire; Working Alliance Inventory-short form revised (WAI-SR)] and focus groups, and WAI-SR and focus groups after sessions 3 and 6.ResultsThe intervention and research protocols were feasible, with all participants engaging in all sessions, completing all scales and attending all focus groups. The quantitative data demonstrated the feasibility of obtaining practically useful measures of relevant outcomes. In the four focus groups, the intervention received very favourable feedback.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated initial feasibility and acceptability of an intervention that places minimal burden on infrastructure and promotes user autonomy. This is an important advance as there is increasing recognition that the challenge of reintegration is as much a psychological and social problem as a housing problem. If effective, this style of intervention may serve as a template for future interventions with similar populations.
Impact of Plasmid-Encoded H-NS–like Protein on blaNDM-1-Bearing IncX3 Plasmid in Escherichia coli
Authors: Liu Baomo , Shui Lili , Zhou Kai , Jiang Ying , Li Xiaoyu , Guan Jing , Li Qi , Zhuo Chao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study was performed to assess the role of the histone-like nucleoid-structuring (H-NS)–like protein, carried by blaNDM-1-encoding IncX3-type plasmids, in the dissemination of IncX3 plasmids.MethodsThe blaNDM-1-encoding IncX3 plasmids were analyzed using southern blot, conjugation, and competition assays. Virulence was evaluated with a Galleria mellonella infection model. An hns-knockout IncX3 plasmid was also constructed to identify the functions of plasmid-borne H-NS–like protein in Escherichia coli.ResultsThe assasys detected blaNDM-1-encoding IncX3-type plasmids with similar fingerprint patterns in all New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) 1–producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. The IncX3 plasmid conferred a fitness advantage to E. coli J53 but had no effect on host virulence. Moreover, the transconjugation frequency of the hns-null IncX3 plasmid pHN330-△hns was increased by 2.5-fold compared with the wild type. This was caused by up-regulation of conjugation-related plasmid-borne genes and the partition-related gene, in the J330-pHN330-△hns strain. In addition, decreased virulence was detected with this variant.ConclusionsOur results highlight the important role of IncX3 plasmids in the dissemination of blaNDM-1 in south China. Plasmid-encoded H-NS–like protein can inhibit plasmid conjugation, partition, and the expression of related genes, in addition to promoting virulence in the host.
Effects of nest boxes in natural mating colony cages on fear, stress, and feather damage for layer breeders123
Authors: Shi Haipeng , Tong Qin , Zheng Weichao , Tu Jiang , Li Baoming 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Colony cages are commonly used in China for the natural mating of layer breeders. However, feather pecking (FP) is a major problem in this system, and feather damage mainly due to FP needs to be alleviated. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of nest boxes provided in colony cages. Each colony cage confined 10 roosters and 90 laying hens. The use of nest boxes as it relates to age, feather damage, sexual behavior, fertility, and fearfulness was evaluated. Thyroid hormones, which are considered to be physiological indicators of various forms of stress in poultry and may be correlated with the quality of feather coverage, were also tested. The control group and the nest box group each had 12 replicates, totaling 24 identical cages. Analyses were conducted using the linear mixed models procedure of SPSS Statistics 22.0. The results showed that the control group had a significantly higher proportion of hens with feather damage to 4 specific body regions (back, rump, tail, and belly) compared to the nest box group (P < 0.05). Increasing the use of the nest boxes took place from weeks 41 to 47 and at 53 wk of age, as seen by the percentage of eggs and number of sitting events in the nests, number of hens using the nests, and frequency of visits. There were no significant differences in fertility, the occurrence of mounting, or full copulation behavior between the 2 groups. Hens in the control group showed a significantly longer duration of tonic immobility at 43, 49, and 55 wk of age (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between groups for the concentration of triiodothyronine or thyroxine, but a significantly higher concentration of corticosterone was measured in the control group than in the nest box group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, hens with access to nest boxes during the laying period had a decreased FP frequency, fewer damaged feathers, lower plasma corticosterone secretion, and were less fearful. This information contributes to the understanding of the FP behavior and stress sensitivity of layer breeders, which will provide a basis for the development and optimization of the colony cage equipment.
Absence of a microbiome in the midgut trunk of six representative Crustacea
Authors: Martin Gary G , Natha Zain , Henderson Nicola , Bang Sabi , Hendry Hope , Loera Yeraldi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIt has become a common expectation for an animal’s guts to be a site for bacterial symbiosis, which may play a role in influencing various aspects of physiology including digestion and immune responses. The presence of a microbiome in the digestive tracts of crustaceans has been demonstrated in the past using molecular techniques and has encouraged manipulations including probiotics to enhance growth rates in cultured species. We suggest, however, that bacteria are restricted to the lumen of the gut and separated from the epithelium by the peritrophic matrix, which prevents their establishment as a permanent component of the gut. The peritrophic matrix, found in most arthropods, is a chitinous sheet containing accessory molecules, and is continuously formed by delamination from the epithelium of the midgut such that the actual surface is constantly being cleaned. The lifted layer then surrounds ingested materials, including microbes, in an impenetrable wrapper compartmentalizing digestive and immune functions. The ectoperitrophic space, lying between the peritrophic matrix and the epithelium, was examined in six species representatives of six groups of crustaceans (Branchiopoda, Amphipoda, Copepoda, and Decapoda) for the presence of microbes using light and transmission electron microscopy as well as fluorescent probes for bacteria. The results suggest that a microbiome is lacking in several common groups of crustaceans.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment is correlated to overall survival among gynaecologic oncology patients
Authors: Michaan Nadav , Park Sang Yoon , Lim Myong Cheol 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the correlation of comprehensive geriatric assessment to overall survival among older gynaecologic oncology patients.

Methods
Between 2011 and 2017, patients &gt;70 years had geriatric assessment before treatment. Geriatric assessment included the following tests: Old American resource and services, instrumental activities of daily living, modified Barthels index, mini-mental state examination, geriatric depression scale, mini-nutritional assessment, risk of falling and medication use. Overall survival was calculated for patients’ groups below and above median tests scores. Univariate as well as multivariate analysis was done to evaluate the association between each variable and survival.

Results
About 120 patients had geriatric assessment. Mean patients’ age was 76.4 ± 5. A total of 78 Patients had ovarian cancer, 16 uterine cancer, 17 cervical cancer and 9 had other gynaecologic malignancies. No correlation was found between age, BMI (body mass index) and cancer type to overall survival. Patients with scores below cut-off values of modified Barthels index, instrumental activities of daily living, mini-nutritional assessment and mini-nutritional assessment had significantly shorter overall survival (P = 0.004, 0.031, 0.046 and 0.004, respectively). This remained significant in both univariate and multivariate analysis.

Conclusions
Gynaecologic oncology patients with lower geriatric assessment scores have significantly lower overall survival, irrespective of cancer type. Geriatric assessment tests allow objective assessment of older patients with worst prognosis before treatment planning.