bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple spawning events promote increased larval dispersal of a predatory fish in a western boundary current
Authors: Schilling Hayden T. , Everett Jason D. , Smith James A. , Stewart John , Hughes Julian M. , Roughan Moninya , Kerry Colette , Suthers Iain M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTransport of larvae by ocean currents is an important dispersal mechanism for many species. The timing and location of spawning can have a large influence on settlement location. Shifts in the known spawning habitat of fish, whether due to climate or the discovery of new spawning stock, can influence the distribution of juveniles and our understanding of connectivity. The globally distributed species; Pomatomus saltatrix, is one such example where a previously unrecognised summer spawning event and a more southern latitudinal extent was recently reported for the southwest Pacific population. Although restrictions are in place to protect the traditional spawning event, the importance of the newly recognised summer spawning event is uncertain. Here, we investigate larval dispersal of P. saltatrix using particle tracking simulations to identify the contributions of the different spawning events to settlement. By modelling dispersal of larvae released in northern and mid‐latitude regions over the Austral spring and summer, we show that the newly recognised mid‐latitude summer spawning event contributes over 50% of the larvae reaching southern latitudes. This is due to a reduced (1–2 days) pelagic larval duration (associated with temperature), resulting in reduced larval mortality, and the seasonal (summer) strengthening of the East Australian Current (EAC) transporting particles ~50 km further south. These findings demonstrate that in dynamic boundary current systems such as the EAC, the final settlement location of larvae that are transported by ocean currents can vary considerably depending on the timing and location of spawning and that multiple spawning events are important for maximum dispersal.
Reptile responses to anthropogenic habitat modification: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Doherty Tim S. , Balouch Sara , Bell Kristian , Burns Thomas J. , Feldman Anat , Fist Charles , Garvey Timothy F. , Jessop Tim S. , Meiri Shai , Driscoll Don A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimThe aim was to determine how reptile populations respond to anthropogenic habitat modification and determine whether species traits and environmental factors influence such responses.LocationGlobal.Time period1981–2018.Major taxa studiedSquamata.MethodsWe compiled a database of 56 studies reporting how habitat modification affects reptile abundance and calculated standardized mean differences in abundance (Hedges’ g). We used Bayesian meta‐analytical models to test whether responses to habitat modification depended on body size, clutch size, reproductive mode, habitat specialization, range size, disturbance type, vegetation type, temperature and precipitation.ResultsBased on 815 effect sizes from 376 species, we found an overall negative effect of habitat modification on reptile abundance (mean Hedges’ g = −0.43, 95% credible intervals = −0.61 to −0.26). Reptile abundance was, on average, one‐third lower in modified compared with unmodified habitats. Small range sizes and small clutch sizes were associated with more negative responses to habitat modification, although the responses were weak and the credible intervals overlapped zero. We detected no effects of body size, habitat specialization, reproductive mode (egg‐laying or live‐bearing), temperature or precipitation. Some families exhibited more negative responses than others, although overall there was no phylogenetic signal in the data. Mining had the most negative impacts on reptile abundance, followed by agriculture, grazing, plantations and patch size reduction, whereas the mean effect of logging was neutral.Main conclusionsHabitat modification is a key cause of reptile population declines, although there is variability in responses both within and between species, families and vegetation types. The effect of disturbance type appeared to be related to the intensity of habitat modification. Ongoing development of environmentally sustainable practices that ameliorate anthropogenic impacts is urgently needed to prevent declines in reptile populations.
The association between Antonovsky's sense of coherence and job stress among dental hygienists in Korea
Authors: Lim Hee-Jung , Im Ae-Jung , Cho Han‐A , Choi Eun‐Sil 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveHigh stress levels experienced by medical professionals are a well‐established phenomenon in current literature. However, there are few studies focusing on stress experienced in the field of oral health or on the sense of coherence (SOC) that helps to actively respond to job stress. The purpose of this study was to analyse if there is an association between SOC and job stress among dental hygienists in Korea.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of 441 dental hygienists in the Seoul Gyeonggi province, Korea. The independent variable was SOC which had three dimensions: comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness. The dependent variable was job stress, which was evaluated using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale Short Form. Confounding factors were age, marital status, educational background, type of hospital, and work experience. The chi‐square test and t test measures were used for bivariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to confirm the association between SOC and job stress. The collected data were statistically analysed using SPSS version 22.0.ResultsThe SOC score showed a significant difference in relation to the job stress score. The SOC score was high when the job stress was low (P < .001). Overall SOC scores showed an inverse correlation with job stress.ConclusionThis study reports that a higher SOC is associated with lower job stress in Korean dental hygienists. Since a higher SOC in dental hygienists indicated that they could cope with job stress more positively, it is important to increase their SOC.
DECENTRALIZED ONE‐TO‐MANY BARGAINING
Authors: Ko Chiu Yu , Li Duozhe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe study a one‐to‐many bargaining model in which one active player bargains with every passive player on how to share the surplus of a joint project. The order of bargaining is not fixed and the active player decides whom to bargain with in each period. Our model admits a rich set of equilibria and we identify the upper and lower bounds of equilibrium payoffs. We also examine whether two natural ordering protocols often assumed in existing studies can sustain endogenously. Although the queuing protocol may indeed arise in an equilibrium, the rotating protocol is in general not self‐enforcing.
Synthesis of Sr‐ and Ba titanate particles coated on Al2O3substrates forming a core‐shell structure
Authors: Lehmann Sebastian , Bauer Johann , Ensinger Wolfgang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSr‐ and Ba titanate particles doped with Nb, Mn, and Ce were produced via a wet‐chemical precipitation process based on salt solutions and metal chlorides around Al2O3flake‐like particles. In a calcination process at high temperatures, a shell of doped oxides is formed that is responsible for the unusual electrical properties. The particles were investigated via scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope which showed homogeneously covered Al2O3particles. X‐ray diffraction exposed secondary phases besides BaTiO3and SrTiO3because of the high solubility of Ba(OH)2and Sr(OH)2in water and a resulting shortfall of earth alkaline metal. The oxidation states of the doping elements were determined via X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Composite materials prepared from this filler and silicone rubber showed typical nonlinear voltage‐current (U‐I) characteristics, which are of special interest for high voltage engineering. The filler was evenly distributed within the matrix without settling while cross‐linking of the polymer, which was shown in an SEM‐backscattered electron image. The nonlinearity coefficientα, which is an important factor for field grading applications, was determined for different materials and reached a value of up to 7.
Evaluation of different solvents on flavonoids extraction efficiency from sweet oranges and ripe and immature Seville oranges
Authors: Feng Chao‐Hui , García‐Martín Juan Francisco , Broncano Lavado María , López‐Barrera María del Carmen , Álvarez‐Mateos Paloma 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe effects of different ethanol (50%, 80% and 100%) and methanol (50%, 80% and 100%) aqueous solutions on extraction efficiency of flavonoids from sweet orange (SO) peels, ripe bitter orange (RBO) and immature bitter orange (IBO) were investigated. The highest amount of naringin was found in SO peels, compared to RBO and IBO. UHPLC‐HRMS/MS results confirmed the presence of p‐coumaric acid and quinic acid in all the three types of oranges while there were 90.91% and 20% possibilities for detecting caffeic acid in RBO and SO, respectively. The probabilities of detecting naringenin from IBO, RBO and SO were 100%, 63.64% and 40%, respectively. The highest neohesperidin and naringin amounts were obtained in RBO. Using 80% methanol was recommended for extracting flavonoids from SO to obtain the highest Soxhlet and precipitation yields whereas 100% ethanol was the most suitable solvent to extract flavonoids from RBO and IBO.
The associations between sugar‐sweetened beverage intake and cardiometabolic risks in Chinese children and adolescents
Authors: Zhu Zhenni , He Yuna , Wang Zhengyuan , He Xin , Zang Jiajie , Guo Changyi , Jia Xiaodong , Ren Yaping , Shan Chengdi , Sun Jing , Huang Jian , Ding Gangqiang , Wu Fan 
Published: March 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe intake of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been linked to an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases.ObjectivesThis study aims to examine associations between SSB intake and cardiometabolic risks among Chinese children and adolescences.MethodsData from 3958 participants aged 6‐17 years old were obtained in Shanghai, China, from September to October 2015. A 3‐day dietary record and a food‐frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were applied to assess SSB consumption and frequency. Anthropometric and laboratory measurements were conducted to measure cardiometabolic indicators.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, sex, daily energy intake, pubertal stage, sedentary time, maternal education, and household income, SSB consumption was positively associated with serum total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), while it was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure (P < .05). The participants in the highest intake category (≥201.7 mL/day) of SSB consumption had 0.10 (95%CI, 0.02‐0.18) mmol/L higher total cholesterol and 0.09 (95%CI, 0.03‐0.16) mmol/L higher LDL‐C levels than the nonconsumption group (0 mL/day). There was a quasi‐U‐shaped trend in LDL‐C across the categories of >0 mL/day SSB consumption. SSB frequency was positively associated with BMI (P = .04).ConclusionsSSB intake was positively associated with serum cholesterol and was weakly associated with BMI in Chinese children and adolescents, independent of energy intake.
Foreign Labour Migration in Sarawak, East Malaysia
Authors: Lumayag Linda Alfarero 
Published: March 2020

AbstractForeign labour force participation in Sarawak is thirteen per cent (about 138,027) workers from Indonesia, Philippines, Myanmar, China and India, among others. This article attempts to describe the management of foreign labour employment in Sarawak. It also attempts to identify challenges and issues that current migration regulations have generated and which have impacted the society. Using the Filipino migrant workers as informants, a two‐year period of fieldwork observation was conducted, using personal interviews and observations following the ‘mobile ethnography approach’. While Sarawak maintains its immigration control as part of the State safety net, the interplay between state and federal laws engenders contradictions that may be detrimental to the people and to society. This article argues that the claimed autonomous position of Sarawak in regard to immigration is not equated to better labour migration management in relation to the federal government’s approach to labour migration in Malaysia.
Genetic parameters estimates for ewes’ behavioural reactivity towards their litter after lambing
Authors: Hazard Dominique , Macé Tiphaine , Kempeneers Amandine , Delval Eric , Foulquié Didier , Bouix Jacques , Boissy Alain 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn livestock, improving maternal reactivity towards the litter is an important issue in breeding strategies to promote production and animal welfare. As of yet, no studies have investigated the within‐breed genetic variation of maternal reactivity in sheep. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of maternal reactivity traits. A total of 1,095 primiparous and 1,441 multiparous Romane ewes were phenotyped 24 hr postlambing using a behavioural test (arena test, AT) over a 10‐year experimental period. The test consisted of three successive phases evaluating the ewe's attraction to her litter, reactivity to separation from her litter, and reactivity to a conflict between attraction to her litter and avoidance of a motionless human. The ewes were reared exclusively on rangelands (South of France) and lambed outdoors in the spring. High‐pitched bleating and low‐pitched bleating in the AT were mostly highly heritable (0.39‒0.46). Heritabilities were moderate for proximity to the litter in the presence of a human (0.27) and low for locomotion and vigilance in the AT (0.09‒0.15). The measurements of a given behaviour in the three phases of the AT were highly genetically correlated. Few genetic correlations were found between the different behavioural traits in the AT, the highest correlations being between high‐pitched bleating and low‐pitched bleating (−0.43 to −0.77). In conclusion, our findings demonstrate moderate‐to‐high heritability for maternal reactivity traits. These traits could be included in genetic selection schemes to enhance maternal attachment provided there is no unfavourable link with other production traits.
Genetic structures across a biogeographical barrier reflect dispersal potential of four Southeast Asian mangrove plant species
Authors: Wee Alison K. S. , Noreen Annika M. E. , Ono Junya , Takayama Koji , Kumar Prakash P. , Tan Hugh T. W. , Saleh Mohd N. , Kajita Tadashi , Webb Edward L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimBiogeographical barriers restrict the movement of individuals, resulting in population divergence, genetic differentiation, endemism and speciation. Yet, some barriers demonstrate unequal effect across species depending on species dispersal, which manifests in varying genetic structure. We test the hypotheses that the genetic structure of four coastal mangrove species would reflect differences in dispersal potential across the Malay Peninsula, a major biogeographical barrier in the Indo‐West Pacific region.LocationEast and west coasts of the Malay Peninsula.TaxonMangrove trees Avicennia alba, Sonneratia alba, Bruguiera gymnorhiza and Rhizophora mucronata.MethodsFor each species, we characterized genetic structure and gene flow using 7–12 species‐specific nuclear microsatellite markers. We tested for east–west genetic differentiation across the peninsula, a stepping‐stone migration pattern, and assessed the proportion of recent dispersal and direction of historical migration along the Malacca Strait.ResultsSignificant east–west genetic differentiation across the peninsula was observed in A. alba, S. alba and B. gymnorhiza, and the effect was most pronounced for the two species with lower dispersal potential (A. alba, S. alba). In contrast, the two species with higher dispersal potential (B. gymnorhiza and R. mucronata) exhibited much higher proportion of recent inter‐population migration along the Malacca Strait. The signature of historical colonization from refugia in the Andaman Sea (north‐to‐south migration along the Malacca Strait) predominated for A. alba and S. alba. Historical south–north migration predominated for R. mucronata and B. gymnorhiza.Main conclusionsThis study implicated dispersal potential as a cause of varying mangrove species genetic structure across a biogeographical barrier. The Malay Peninsula functions as a filter to gene flow rather than a barrier. The genetic structure in mangrove species with a higher dispersal potential is more congruent with contemporary gene flow while that of species with a lower dispersal potential reflects historical processes. Our findings hint at the role of dispersal potential as a predictor of gene flow in mangroves.
A longitudinal study of cognitive predictors of (complex) post‐traumatic stress in young people in out‐of‐home care
Authors: Hiller Rachel M. , Meiser‐Stedman Richard , Elliott Elizabeth , Banting Rosie , Halligan Sarah L. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundYoung people in out‐of‐home care are substantially more likely to meet criteria for PTSD than their peers, while their early maltreatment exposure may also place them at greater risk of developing the newly proposed complex PTSD. Yet, there remains limited empirical evidence for the mechanisms that might drive either PTSD or complex features in this group, and ongoing debate about the suitability of existing cognitive behavioural models and their related NICE‐recommended treatments. In a prospective study of young people in out‐of‐home care, we sought to identify demographic and cognitive processes that may contribute to the maintenance of both PTSD symptom and complex features.MethodsWe assessed 120 10‐ to 18‐year‐olds in out‐of‐home care and their primary carer at two assessments: an initial assessment and 12‐month follow‐up. Participants completed questionnaires on trauma history, PTSD symptoms and complex features, while young people only also self‐reported on trauma‐related (a) maladaptive appraisals, (b) memory quality and (c) coping. Social workers reported on maltreatment severity.ResultsYoung people's maltreatment severity was not a robust predictor of either PTSD symptoms or complex features. All three cognitive processes were moderately‐to‐strongly correlated with baseline and 12‐month PTSD symptoms and complex features, with maladaptive appraisals the most robust unique driver of both, even when controlling for initial PTSD symptom severity.ConclusionsExisting cognitive models of PTSD are applicable in this more complex sample of young people. The model was also found to be applicable to the additional features of complex PTSD, with the same processes driving both outcomes at both time points. Clinical implications are discussed.
Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with serum galectin‐3 level
Authors: Ma Shizhan , Li Shangbin , Lv Renjun , Hou Xunyao , Nie Shanjing , Yin Qingqing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionGalectin‐3 (Gal3) contributes to insulin resistance, inflammation and obesity, the three risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Materials and methodsA total of 134 hospitalized type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment method, and divided into 65 MCI and 69 controls. Levels of variables, Gal3 and Aβ42, were investigated in relation with cognitive function in both type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with MCI and high‐fat diet/streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetes mellitus rats.ResultsSignificantly higher levels of serum Gal3 and lower levels of plasma Aβ42 (all P < 0.05) were found in the MCI type 2 diabetes mellitus group as compared with the non‐MCI type 2 diabetes mellitus control. Partial correlation analysis showed that Gal3 is negatively correlated with both MMSE score (r = −0.51, P < 0.01) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (r = −0.47, P < 0.001) after adjustment for glycated hemoglobin, homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and Aβ42 in all type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, with a stronger effect seen in the MCI type 2 diabetes mellitus group after further analysis with MCI strata. A simple logistic regression model showed that Gal3 and Aβ42 are significantly associated with MCI type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after adjustment with the covariates sex, age, body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and antidiabetic drugs. Serum and brain Gal3 levels were significantly increased in high‐fat diet/streptozotocin diabetic rats, which correlate to the impairment of learning and memory ability. Gal3 inhibitor modified citrus pectin decreased serum and brain Gal3 levels in diabetic rats, accompanied by the amelioration of learning and memory impairment.ConclusionsGal3 might be associated with cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and serum Gal3 level might be a new risk factor of MCI in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Characterization of Aeromonas salmonicida and A. sobria isolated from cultured salmonid fish in Korea and development of a vaccine against furunculosis
Authors: Lim Jongwon , Hong Suhee 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPreviously, Aeromonas sobria and A. salmonicida were identified to be the most prevalent species in salmonid farms in Korea. In this study, we evaluated the biochemical characteristics, antibiotic susceptibility and pathogenicity of A. salmonicida (3 isolates) and A. sobria (8 isolates) isolated from salmonids, and further investigated efficacy of A. salmonicida vaccine. In antibiotic susceptibility test, all of A. sobria isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and ampicillin. Six A. sobria and two A. salmonicida isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline. In challenge test, A. sobria isolates exhibited low pathogenicity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) while one A. salmonicida isolate showed high pathogenicity with LD50 of 6.4 × 103 CFU/fish in rainbow trout and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Among virulence factors, secretion apparatus (ascV and ascC) and transcription regulatory protein (exsA) of type 3 secretion system and A‐layer protein genes were differentially detected in DNA or cDNA of A. salmonicida isolates, indicating their contribution to the pathogenicity. A formalin‐killed vaccine of highly pathogenic A. salmonicida isolate exhibited a protective effect with relative survival rate of 81.8% and 82.9% at 8 weeks and 16 weeks post‐vaccination, respectively, in challenge test.