bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elastic properties of majoritic garnet inclusions in diamonds and the seismic signature of pyroxenites in the Earth's upper mantle
Authors: Koemets Iuliia , Satta Niccolò , Marquardt Hauke , Kiseeva Ekaterina S. , Kurnosov Alexander , Stachel Thomas , Harris Jeff W. , Dubrovinsky Leonid 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMajoritic garnet has been predicted to be a major component of peridotite and eclogite in Earth's deep upper mantle (&gt;250 km) and transition zone. The investigation of mineral inclusions in diamond confirms this prediction, but there is reported evidence of other majorite-bearing lithologies, intermediate between peridotitic and eclogitic, present in the mantle transition zone. If these lithologies are derived from olivine-free pyroxenites, then at mantle transition zone pressures majorite may form monomineralic or almost monomineralic garnetite layers. Since majoritic garnet is presumably the seismically fastest major phase in the lowermost upper mantle, the existence of such majorite layers might produce a detectable seismic signature. However, a test of this hypothesis is hampered by the absence of sound wave velocity measurements of majoritic garnets with relevant chemical compositions, since previous measurements have been mostly limited to synthetic majorite samples with relatively simple compositions. In an attempt to evaluate the seismic signature of a pyroxenitic garnet layer, we measured the sound wave velocities of three natural majoritic garnet inclusions in diamond by Brillouin spectroscopy at ambient conditions. The chosen natural garnets derive from depths between 220 and 470 km and are plausible candidates to have formed at the interface between peridotite and carbonated eclogite. They contain elevated amounts (12–30%) of ferric iron, possibly produced during redox reactions that form diamond from carbonate. Based on our data, we model the velocity and seismic impedance contrasts between a possible pyroxenitic garnet layer and the surrounding peridotitic mantle. For a mineral assemblage that would be stable at a depth of 350 km, the median formation depth of our samples, we found velocities in pyroxenite at ambient conditions to be higher by 1.9(6)% for shear waves and 3.3(5)% for compressional waves compared to peridotite (numbers in parentheses refer to uncertainties in the last given digit), and by 1.3(13)% for shear waves and 2.4(10)% for compressional waves compared to eclogite. As a result of increased density in the pyroxenitic layer, expected seismic impedance contrasts across the interface between the monomineralic majorite layer and the adjacent rocks are about 5–6% at the majorite-eclogite-interface and 10–12% at the majoriteperidotite-boundary. Given a large enough thickness of the garnetite layer, velocity and impedance differences of this magnitude could become seismologically detectable.
Role of humic substances as refractory organic matter in sustainable water quality assessment and management
Authors: Duan Maoqing , Du Xia , Peng Wenqi , Jiang Cuiling , Zhang Shijie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn northern China, river water originating from or flowing through forests often contains large amounts of oxygen-consuming organic substances, mainly humic substances. These substances are stable and not easily biodegradable, resulting in very high detection values of chemical oxygen demand. However, under natural conditions, the dissolved oxygen demand is not as high. Using experimental values to evaluate river water quality and the impact of human activities on water quality is thus unscientific and does not meet national development goals. In this study, the potential sources of high-concentration chemical oxygen demand in river water in two areas exposed to virtually no anthropogenic activities and strongly affected by humic substances, were analysed. The chemical oxygen demand contributed by humic substances (COD-HSs) was quantified using three methods. The results of water quality monitoring in 2017 and 2018 revealed that the chemical oxygen demand concentrations (5–44 mg/L) predominantly exceeded the standard (15 mg/L). The study results suggest that COD-HSs should be considered separately for objective evaluation and management of water quality, particularly in areas that are seriously affected by COD-HSs, to provide a scientific basis for formulating sustainable water quality management policies.
Irreversible sorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution on breadfruit peel to mitigate environmental pollution problems
Authors: Priyantha Namal , Lim Linda B. L. , Mansor Nur Hakimah Mohd , Liyandeniya Anushka B. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Development of efficient and environmentally friendly methods to remove toxic pollutants from aqueous systems is a requirement to mitigate ever increasing environmental pollution problems. In this context, Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) peel (BP), a waste material, can be used as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions from synthetic pollutant solutions. The extent of removal of Pb(II), under optimized conditions in experimental batch experiments, is determined to be 82.0%, which is decreased in highly ionic environments, partly due to competition for a limited number of active adsorption sites, indicating the necessity of optimizing experimental parameters for the most efficient removal. Regression analysis and error function values evaluated for isotherm models associated with different adsorption mechanisms, namely Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin–Radushkevich, Redlich–Peterson and Sips, indicate that the best fitted model is the Sips followed by the Langmuir model with adsorption capacities (qmax) of 78.50 mg g−1 and 85.42 mg g−1, respectively. Thermodynamics arguments support the spontaneous and exothermic behavior of the Pb(II)-BP adsorption system, while adsorption kinetics of the system provides evidence for the applicability of the pseudo second order model with a rate constant of 0.504 g mg−1 min−1.
Depressão e risco de suicídio entre acadêmicos de enfermagem: estratégias de intervenção do docente
Authors: Sousa Cynthia , Tavares Claudia Mara 
Published: December 2019

Introdução: Este estudo pretende abordar a experiência dos discentes e docentes de enfermagem sobre depressão e suicídio nos acadêmicos deste curso. A depressão constitui um sofrimento mental e implica de forma negativa no aprendizado dos alunos, além de aumentar a possibilidade do suicídio entre os jovens com depressão grave. Materiais e métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa com discentes e docentes de enfermagem de uma universidade privada. A sociopoética será usada como método de pesquisa e análise. Em um primeiro momento, o trabalho se dará pelo grupo pesquisador formado por acadêmicos de enfermagem. O tema gerador será a experiência de algum sentimento relacionado a depressão e suicídio durante a universidade. Em um segundo momento, os alunos irão mencionar docentes que ofereceram suporte emocional neste período. Estes docentes serão entrevistados. Serão realizados três encontros; no terceiro encontro será realizada a contra-análise para que possa ser avaliada, a partir dos dois primeiros encontros, a ocorrência do compartilhamento de estratégias sobre os possíveis caminhos para o enfrentamento de sintomas relacionados a depressão e ideação suicida nestes alunos. Esta contra-análise será o instrumento de validação do estudo. Resultados esperados: Espera-se que ao trazer esta temática os alunos dialoguem sobre suas experiências e os docentes possam refletir sobre possíveis estratégias para continuar a minimizar o sofrimento discente.
Decs: saúde mental, alunos de enfermagem e professores universitários.
Changes in Care- A Systematic Scoping Review of Transitions for Children with Medical Complexities
Authors: Mantler Tara , Jackson Kimberley T. , Baer Jessi , White Jenna , Ache Bridget , Shillington Katie , Ncube Nokuzola 
Published: December 2019

Background:Children with medical complexity (CMC) and their parents are affected physically and mentally during transitions in care. Coordinated models of care show promise in improving health outcomes.Objective:The purpose of this scoping review was to examine research related to CMC and their parents and transitions in care. The aim was 3-fold: (1) to examine the extent, range, and nature of research activity related to the impact of transitions on physical and mental health for CMC and their parents; (2) to summarize and disseminate research findings for key knowledge users; and (3) to identify research gaps in the existing literature to inform future studies.Methods:Twenty-three sources were identified through database searches and five articles met the inclusion criteria of CMC (multi-organ involvement or technology-dependent) (or parents of CMC) transitioning from hospital to alternate levels of care where outcome measures were physical or mental health-related.Results:Numerical analysis revealed substantial variation in methodological approaches and outcome measures. Content analysis revealed two themes for parents of CMC during this transition: (1) emotional distress, and (2) high expectations; and three themes for CMC: (1) improved health, (2) changes in emotion, and (3) disrupted relationships.Conclusion:The findings from this scoping review reveal for parents, transitions in care are fraught with emotional distress and high expectations; and for CMC there are improvements in quality of life and emotional health post- hospital to home transitions when collaborative models of care are available. This review serves as an early attempt to summarize the literature and demonstrate a need for further research.
Relationship Between Polymorphisms of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1Ra) Genes and Susceptibility to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Iranian Population
Authors: Ganjali Rashin , Afshari Jalil T. , Rezaieyazdi Zahra , Khodashahi Mandana , Brook Azam , Mazhani Maryam , Hatef Mohamad R. , Abbasi Mahnaz 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
Interleukin (IL)-1 has a major role in cell destruction and inflammation. IL-1
receptor antagonist (IL-1RN or IL-1Ra) is a natural anti-inflammatory molecule that blocks IL-1.
We intended to determine whether IL-1RN or IL-1Ra variable number tandem repeat (VNTR)
polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a series of
patients in the Northeastern part of Iran.

Methods:
Genomic DNA was extracted from the whole blood of 104 SLE patients and 209 subjects
without SLE as a control group. The control group was matched for age and gender with SLE patients.
Then, genomic DNA was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for a
length polymorphism in intron 2 of the IL-1RN gene.

Results:
Of five alleles, only allele 4 of IL-1RN had a higher frequency in healthy subjects (2.4%)
compared to SLE patients (0), with a statistically significant difference (P= 0.03). Eleven kinds of
polymorphisms of IL-1RN were found including 1/1, 1/2, 2/2, 3/3, 1/3, 3/5, 2/3, 2/5, 1/5, 4/4 and
1/4 in both groups. In genotype frequency, there was no statistically significant difference regarding
gene polymorphism kinds between the two groups (P= 0.29).

Conclusion:
Alleles 4 of IL-1RN may have a protective role against SLE susceptibility. However,
SLE was not associated with any of the 11 kinds of genotype IL1-RN gene polymorphisms studied
here.
Mobile Applications for the Promotion and Support of Healthy Nutrition and Physical Activity Habits: A Systematic Review, Extraction of Features and Taxonomy Proposal
Authors: Villasana María Vanessa , Pires Ivan Miguel , Sá Juliana , Garcia Nuno M. , Zdravevski Eftim , Chorbev Ivan , Lameski Petre , Flórez-Revuelta Francisco 
Published: December 2019

Background:Mobile applications can be used for the monitoring of lifestyles and physical activity. It can be installed in commodity mobile devices, which are currently used by different types of people in their daily activities worlwide .Objective:This paper reviews and categorizes the mobile applications related to diet, nutrition, health, physical activity and education, showing the analysis of 73 mobile applications available on Google Play Store with the extraction of the different features.Methods:The mobile applications were analyzed in relation to each proposed category and their features, starting with the definition of the search keywords used in the Google Play Store. Each mobile application was installed on a smartphone, and validated whether it was researched in scientific studies. Finally, all mobile applications and features were categorized.Results:These mobile applications were clustered into four groups, including diet and nutrition, health, physical activity and education. The features of mobile applications were also categorized into six groups, including diet, anthropometric parameters, social, physical activity, medical parameters and vital parameters. The most available features of the mobile applications are weight, height, age, gender, goals, calories needed calculation, diet diary, food database with calories, calories burned and calorie intake.Conclusion:With this review, it was concluded that most mobile applications available in the market are related to diet, and they are important for different types of people. A promising idea for future work is to evaluate the acceptance by young people of such mobile applications.
Ripplet-Transform-based Cycle Spinning Denoising and Fuzzy-CLA Segmentation of Retinal Images for Accurate Hard Exudates and Lesion Detection
Authors: Nejad Hadi Chahkandi , Farshad Mohsen , Farhadian Tahereh , Hosseini Roghayeh 
Published: December 2019

Aims:
Digital retinal images are commonly used for hard exudates and lesion detection. These images are rarely noiseless and therefore before any further processing they should be underwent noise removal.

Background:
An efficient segmentation method is then needed to detect and discern the lesions from the retinal area.

Objective:
In this paper, a hybrid method is presented for digital retinal image processing for diagnosis and screening purposes. The aim of this study is to present a supervised/semi-supervised approach for exudate detection in fundus images and also to analyze the method to find the optimum structure.

Methods:
Ripplet transform and cycle spinning method is first used to remove the noises and artifacts.

Results:
The noises may be normal or any other commonly occurring forms such as salt and pepper. The image is transformed into fuzzy domain after it is denoised.

Conclusion:
A cellular learning automata model is used to detect any abnormality on the image which is related to a lesion. The automaton is created with an extra term as the rule updating term to improve the adaptability and efficiency of the cellular automata.Three main statistical criteria are introduced as the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. A number of 50 retinal images with visually detection hard exudates and lesions are the experimental dataset for evaluation and validation of the method.
Reliability Analysis of Cold Standby Parallel System Possessing Failure and Repair Rate Under Geometric Distribution
Authors: Bhatti Jasdev , Kakkar Mohit K. 
Published: December 2019

Background and Aim:
With an increase in demands about the reliability of industrial
machines following continuous or discrete distribution, the important thing to be noticed is that in
all previous research works where systems had more than one failure, no iteration technique was
studied to separate the failed unit on the basis of its failure. Therefore, the aim of our paper is to
analyze the real industrial problems following cold standby units arranged in parallel manner with
the new concept of inspection procedure for failed units to detect the exact failure and being the
communicator to the repairman for repairing the exact failed part of the unit for saving time and
maintenance cost.

Methods:
The geometric distribution and regenerative techniques were applied for calculating different
reliability measures like mean time to system failure, availability of a system, inspection, repair
and the time of unit failure.

Results:
Graphical and analytical analyses were also conducted to analyze the increasing/decreasing
behavior of profit function w.r.t repair and failure rate. The system responded properly in fulfilling
the basic needs.

Conclusion:
The calculated value of all reliability parameters proved helpful for studying any other
models following the same concept under different environmental conditions. Thus, it can be concluded
that, reliability increases with an increase in the repair and decreases with an increase in the
failure rate. Also, the results evaluated in this paper provide the better reliability testing strategies
that help develop new techniques which lead to increase the effectiveness of the system.
“Höchst unübersichtliches Gelände. Op zoek naar consensus in de theorievorming betreffende natie en nationalisme [deel 1]"
Authors: Boeva Luc 
Published: December 2019

Vanuit de vaststelling dat de wetenschappelijke historiografie rond Vlaamse beweging en Vlaams-nationalisme nauwelijks eigen theoretische concepten heeft opgeleverd, maar nauw aansluit bij de internationale theorievorming omtrent het nationalisme, rubriceert, synthetiseert en analyseert Luc Boeva in deze bijdrage de voornaamste theorieën en concepten terzake, samen met hun auteurs en de erbij horende publicaties. Hij volgt daarbij Miroslav Hroch op zoek naar een consensus in het onderzoek temidden van een “hoogst onoverschouwbaar terrein”.
________"Höchst unübersichtliches Gelände". Searching for a consensus in the development of theories concerning nation and nationalism [part 1]In this contribution Luc Boeva departs from the conclusion that the scientific historiography dealing with the Flemish Movement and Flemish-nationalism has hardly produced any original theoretical concepts, but closely follows the international formulation of theories concerning nationalism, and he therefore classifies, synthesizes and analyses the main relevant theories and concepts, together with their authors and associated publications. In doing so he follows Miroslav Hroch in a search for a consensus in the research of a subject where it is “extremely difficult to get a clear view of the area.”
Gevormd door het daensisme of door het Algemeen Nederlands Verbond? Odila Maréchal-Vandenberge (1881-1956)
Authors: Mar Griet 
Published: December 2019

In de literatuur vangt de politieke levensloop van Odila Maréchal-Vandenberge aan in 1921. Ze is dan veertig jaar oud. De bedoeling van deze bijdrage is enig licht te werpen op de voorafgaande veertig jaar en vooral de juistheid van de haar vaak toegeschreven daensistische achtergrond na te gaan. Van daensistische invloed blijkt weinig te merken te zijn. Wel hebben het Algemeen Nederlands Verbond en de personen die er actief in waren een grote rol gespeeld in haar vorming en politieke evolutie.
________A formative influence by Daensism or by the Algemeen Nederlands Verbond? Odila Maréchal-Vandenberge (1881-1956)According to the specialist literature the political career of Odila Maréchal-Vandenberge started in 1921. At that time she was 40 years of age. The purpose of this contribution is to cast some light on the previous 40 years and more in particular to investigate the truth about the often alleged Daensism in her background. Little influence of Daensism can be found. However, the General Movement for Dutch Language and Culture and the protagonists in that organisation have played an important role in her education and political evolution.
“Doch schuld bekennen, om den duivel niet!” Celindrukken van Albert Moortgat, burgemeester van Breendonk
Authors: Vandeweyer Luc 
Published: December 2019

Brouwer Albert Moortgat begon als een uitgesproken katholiek flamingant maar nam geen leidende rol op zich in de Vlaamse beweging. Hij werd wel burgemeester van de gemeente Breendonk vanaf 1921 en een succesvol bedrijfsleider. Naargelang de jaren vorderden, verliet hij de christendemocratie en werd lid van het VNV, een partij met een anti-Belgisch en extreemrechts programma. Deze partij leunde aan bij Duitsland en zij collaboreerde met de bezetter na de invasie in mei 1940. Moortgat behield zijn positie als burgemeester. Na de bevrijding in september 1944 kwam Moortgat in de gevangenis terecht. Hij was daarbij het slachtoffer van het feit dat de Duitsers een belangrijke gevangenis vestigden op het grondgebied van zijn gemeente. Deze gevangenis verwierf een gruwelijke reputatie. Anderzijds toonden verscheidene van zijn kinderen zich ostentatief Duitsgezind. Hij werd daardoor beschouwd als een steunpilaar van de bezetter. Zijn proces en veroordeling in 1946 brachten hem een zware morele klap toe. Dit motiveerde Moortgat tot het schrijven van notities over zijn gevangenisleven in drie schriftjes. Deze teksten zijn een interessante getuigenis en een zelfrechtvaardiging. Egodocumenten van dit type zijn van groot belang voor het begrijpen van de toestand waarin de maatschappelijke elite van de bezettingsjaren werd gebracht door de Duitse nederlaag en de machtsovername door het progeallieerde kamp in België.________"But admitting guilt, hell no!" Impressions from a prison cell by Albert Moortgat, mayor of BreendonkThe brewer Albert Moortgat started off as a convinced Catholic Flemish radical, but did not take on a leading role in the Flemish movement. He did become mayor of the municipality of Breendonk from 1921 onwards as well as a successful manager. Over the course of time he left the Christian Democrats and became a member of the VNV (Flemish National Association), a party with an anti-Belgian and extreme-right programme. This party supported Germany and collaborated with the occupiers after the invasion in May 1940. Moortgat retained his position as mayor. After the liberation in September 1944 Moortgat was incarcerated. It was his bad luck that the Germans established an important prison on the territory of his municipality. This prison acquired a gruesome reputation. On the other hand several of his children showed themselves to be ostentatiously pro-German. Because of this he was considered to be a mainstay of the occupiers. His trial and conviction in 1946 inflicted a heavy moral blow upon him. This was Moortgat’s motivation to write notes about his life in prison in three notebooks. These texts are an interesting testimony and a self justification. These kinds of ego-documents are of great importance to help us understand the change in the state of mind of the people who had been the social elite during the years of the occupation, brought about by the German defeat and the assumption of power by the pro-Allied camp in Belgium.