bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/mpMRT zur Lokaldetektion des primären Prostatakarzinom bei Männern mit negativer Vorbiopsie
Authors: Maurer Tobias , Gesterkamp Hannah , Nguyen Noemi , Westenfelder Kay , Gschwend Jürgen E. , Budäus Lars , Rauscher Isabel , Vag Tibor , Weber Wolfgang , Eiber Matthias 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die multiparametrische MRT (mpMRT) stellt den Goldstandard der bildgebenden Diagnostik zur Detektion eines primären Prostatakarzinoms (PC) nach negativer Biopsie dar. Die PSMA PET weist eine hohe Genauigkeit auf, wird aber derzeit vor allem in der Rezidivsituation eingesetzt. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war nun die Effektivität einer kombinierten 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/mpMRT Bildgebung zur Detektion eines PC nach vorheriger negativer Prostatabiopsie zu untersuchen.
Material und Methoden Es wurden 57 Patienten in die retrospektive Analyse eingeschlossen, bei denen zuvor mindestens eine negative Prostatabiopsie erfolgt war. Alle Patienten erhielten eine 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/mpMRT Bildgebung der Prostata. Die mpMRT wurde anhand der PI-RADS Klassifikation, die 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET durch eine 5-stufige Likert-Skala ausgewertet (1: PC sehr unwahrscheinlich; 2: PC unwahrscheinlich; 3: unklarer Befund; 4: PC wahrscheinlich; 5: PC sehr wahrscheinlich). Alle Patienten erhielten sowohl eine systematische randomisierte als auch eine gezielte transrektale Biopsie auffälliger Läsionen in der Bildgebung. Ergebnisse der Bildgebung und der histologischen Untersuchung der Prostatabiopsate wurden auf Patientenebene korreliert.
Ergebnisse In der histologischen Untersuchung zeigten sich bei 35 /57 (61,4 %) der Patienten Prostatakarzinominfiltrate. Bei Patienten mit histologisch gesichertem PC zeigte sich bei 21 /35 (60,0 %) eine PI-RADS 4 oder 5 Läsion im mpMRT bzw. bei 28 /35 (80,0 %) ein PET-Rating von 4 oder 5. Die kombinierte 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/mpMRT übersah nur einen Patienten mit PC Gleason-Score (GS) 7a (Beurteilung mit 1 oder 2 in sowohl PET als auch mpMRT). Als Limitationen sind die retrospektive Analyse als auch negative Resultate trotz gezielter Biopsieentnahme anzuführen.
Schlussfolgerung In dieser ersten Analyse zeigte sich die kombinierte 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/mpMRT als zuverlässige bildgebende Diagnostik für die Prostatabiopsie zur Detektion eines PC bei Patienten nach vorheriger negativer Biopsie. Dabei lieferte die 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET und die mpMRT teilweise komplementäre Ergebnisse, die die Detektion eines PC erhöhen.
Identification of a Surprising Boronic Acid Homocoupling Process in Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions Utilizing a Hindered Fluorinated Arene
Authors: Gargaro Samantha L. , Dunson Bre'Shon , Sieber Joshua D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of 2-bromo-1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene with arylboronic acids was evaluated and determined to suffer from the formation of large amounts of boronic acid homocoupling products in conjunction with dehalogenation. Homocoupling product formation in this process likely occurs through a rare protonolysis/second transmetalation event rather than by the well-established mechanism requiring the involvement of O2. The scope of this boronic acid homocoupling reaction was investigated and shown to predominate with electron-deficient arylboronic acids. Finally, a good yield of cross-coupling products could be obtained by employing dicyclohexyl(2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl-2-yl)phosphine (SPhos) as the ligand.
The Possible Inhibition Effect of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides on Rat Intracerebral Hemorrhage Secondary Neuronal Apoptosis through Intervening Endogenous/Exogenous Pathways of Apoptosis
Authors: Zou Yourui , Sun ShengYu , Sharif Usama Ilyas , Wasie Abdul , Ma Hui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to explore the inhibition effect and possible mechanism of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on rat intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) secondary neuronal apoptosis.Materials and Methods High-, medium-, and low-dose LBP (50, 100, and 200 mg•kg) and nimodipine (10 mg•kg) groups were given once daily by 15-day gavage before operation, while the sham operation and ICH groups were given the equal volume of saline. An ICH model was established by autologous blood injection and the neurological function in each group was scored at 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours after modeling. Furthermore, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling analysis was performed to detect neuronal apoptosis, while western blot, immunohistochemistry, and real-time-polymerase chain reaction were used to study the influence of LBP on ICH secondary neuronal apoptosis.Results The neurological function score was significantly decreased after ICH, and the intervention effect of a single drug was not evident. The apoptotic nerve cells increased significantly in the ICH group but decreased considerably in the LBP groups. Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression decreased significantly, while B-cell lymphoma 2 expression increased substantially in the high- and medium-dose LBP groups compared with ICH group, suggesting that LBP could reduce the effect of ICH. However, the impact of LBP did not correlate positively with the dose.Conclusion The application of LBP may not significantly improve neurological function after ICH, but it can inhibit rat ICH secondary neuronal apoptosis.
Use of Placental Growth Factor for Trisomy 21 Screening in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Badeghiesh Ahmad , Volodarsky-Perel Alexander , Lasry Ariane , Hemmings Robert , Gil Yaron , Balayla Jacques 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Prenatal serum screening is an important modality to screen for aneuploidy in pregnancy. The addition of placental growth factor (PLGF) to screen for trisomy 21 remains controversial.
Objective To determine whether the addition of PLGF to combined serum aneuploidy screening improves detection rates (DRs) for trisomy 21.
Study Design We performed a systematic review of the literature until October 2019 to determine the benefits of adding PLGF to prenatal screening. We performed a goodness-of-fit test and retrieved the coefficient of determinations (R
2) as a function of false positive rates (FPRs), providing mean-weighted improvements in the DRs after accounting for PLGF levels.
Results We identified 51 studies, of which 8 met inclusion criteria (834 aneuploidy cases and 105,904 euploid controls). DRs were proportional to FPR across all studies, ranging from 59.0 to 95.3% without PLGF and 61.0 to 96.3% with PLGF (FPR 1–5%). Goodness-of-fit regression analysis revealed a logarithmic distribution of DRs as a function of the FPR, with R
2 = 0.109 (no PLGF) and R
2 = 0.06 (PLGF). Two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov's test reveals a p-value of 0.44. Overall, addition of PLGF improves DRs of 3.3% for 1% FPR, 1.7% for 3% FPR, and 1.4% for 5% FPR, respectively.
Conclusion Addition of PLGF to prenatal screening using serum analytes mildly improves trisomy 21 DRs as a function of FPRs.
PAK Membrane Translocation and Phosphorylation Regulate Platelet Aggregation Downstream of Gi and G12/13 Pathways
Authors: Zhang Jianjun , Zhang Yan , Zheng Shuang , Liu Yangyang , Chang Lin , Pan Guanxing , Hu Liang , Zhang Si , Liu Junling , Kim Soochong , Dong Jianzeng , Ding Zhongren 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPlatelet activation plays a pivotal role in physiological hemostasis and pathological thrombosis causing heart attack and stroke. Previous studies conclude that simultaneous activation of Gi and G12/13 signaling pathways is sufficient to cause platelet aggregation. However, using Gq knockout mice and Gq-specific inhibitors, we here demonstrated that platelet aggregation downstream of coactivation of Gi and G12/13 depends on agonist concentrations; coactivation of Gi and G12/13 pathways only induces platelet aggregation under higher agonist concentrations. We confirmed Gi and G12/13 pathway activation by showing cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) decrease and RhoA activation in platelets stimulated at both low and high agonist concentrations. Interestingly, we found that though Akt and PAK (p21-activated kinase) translocate to the platelet membrane upon both low and high agonist stimulation, membrane-translocated Akt and PAK only phosphorylate at high agonist concentrations, correlating well with platelet aggregation downstream of concomitant Gi and G12/13 pathway activation. PAK inhibitor abolishes Akt phosphorylation, inhibits platelet aggregation in vitro and arterial thrombus formation in vivo. We propose that the PAK-PI3K/Akt pathway mediates platelet aggregation downstream of Gi and G12/13, and PAK may represent a potential antiplatelet and antithrombotic target.
High Soluble Thrombomodulin Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Major Bleeding during Treatment with Oral Anticoagulants: A Case–Cohort Study
Authors: Toorop Myrthe M. A. , van Rein Nienke , Cannegieter Suzanne C. , van der Meer Felix J. M. , Reitsma Pieter H. , Lijfering Willem M. , Bos Mettine H. A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Major bleeding occurs in 1 to 3% of patients treated with oral anticoagulants per year. Biomarkers may help to identify high-risk patients. A proposed marker for major bleeding while using anticoagulants is soluble thrombomodulin (sTM).
Methods Plasma was available from 16,570 patients of the BLEEDS cohort that consisted of patients who started treatment with vitamin K antagonists between 2012 and 2014. A case–cohort study was performed including all patients with a major bleed (n = 326) during follow-up and a random sample of individuals selected at baseline (n = 652). Plasma sTM levels were measured and stratified by percentiles. Patients were also categorized by international normalized ratio (INR). Adjusted hazard ratios (for age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by means of Cox regression.
Results Plasma sTM levels were available for 263 patients with a major bleed and 538 control subjects. sTM levels were dose-dependently associated with risk of major bleeding, with a 1.9-fold increased risk (95% CI: 1.1–3.1) for levels above the 85th percentile versus the <25th percentile. A high INR (≥4) in the presence of high (≥70th percentile) sTM levels was associated with a 7.1-fold (95% CI: 4.1–12.3) increased risk of major bleeding, corresponding with a bleeding rate of 14.1 per 100 patient-years.
Conclusion High sTM levels at the start of treatment are associated with major bleeding during vitamin K antagonist treatment, particularly in the presence of a high INR.
Open Reduction for Dorsal Dislocation of Second to Fifth Carpometacarpal Joints: A Case Report
Authors: Kimura Hiroo , Toga Akira , Suzuki Taku , Iwamoto Takuji 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Fracture-dislocations of all four ulnar (second to fifth) carpometacarpal (CMC) joints are rare hand injuries and frequently overlooked or missed. These injuries can be treated conservatively when closed reduction is successfully achieved, though they are sometimes irreducible and unstable.
Case Description We report the case of a 17-year-old boy involved in a vehicular accident. Clinical images showed dorsal dislocation of all four ulnar CMC joints of the left hand associated with a fracture of the base of the fourth metacarpal. Although closed reduction was attempted immediately, the affected joints remained unstable and easily redislocated. Therefore, we performed open reduction and percutaneous fixation of all ulnar CMCs. He showed excellent recovery after 1 year postoperatively, reported no pain, and demonstrated complete grip strength and range of motion of the affected wrist and fingers.
Literature Review Accurate clinical diagnosis of this lesion is difficult because of polytrauma, severe swelling masking the dislocated CMC joint deformity, and overlapping of adjacent metacarpals and carpal bones on radiographic examination. As for the treatment strategy, it has yet to obtain a consensus. Some reports value open reduction to guarantee anatomical reduction, and it is definitely needed in the patients with interposed tissues to be removed or with subacute and chronic injuries.
Clinical Relevance Delayed diagnosis or treatment could lead to poor outcomes. Therefore, surgeons must be aware that precise preoperative assessment is critical, and anatomical open reduction of interposed bony fragments, like our case, may be required even in an acute phase.
Multicomponent design of chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine systems
Authors: Elinson Michail N. , Ryzhkova Yuliya E. , Ryzhkov Fedor V. 
Published: August 2020

The review summarizes and systematizes data on the methods for the preparation of chromeno[2,3-b]pyridines. Both multicomponent and pseudo-multicomponent synthetic approaches and one-pot transformations based on the reactions of carbonyl compounds, malononitrile or its derivatives, and CH-acids are considered. Examples of the use of various catalysts, microwave and ultrasonic radiation, as well as electric current for the implementation of multicomponent transformations of this type are given. Characteristic features of the course and mechanisms of reactions are discussed. Data on the biological activity of the obtained compounds and on other fields of application of such heterocyclic systems are presented.
The bibliography includes 109 references.
Fungal biofilm architecture produces hypoxic microenvironments that drive antifungal resistance
Authors: Kowalski Caitlin H. , Morelli Kaesi A. , Schultz Daniel , Nadell Carey D. , Cramer Robert A. 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceFailure of antimicrobial therapies to clear an infection is in part due to a biofilm mode of bacterial and fungal growth. Understanding how microbial biofilms mediate antimicrobial treatment failure is critical for improving infection outcomes. The mechanisms by which filamentous fungal biofilms mediate drug resistance are particularly ill-defined. We observe thatAspergillus fumigatusbiofilms develop hypoxic microenvironments during maturation that facilitate fungal survival in the face of antifungal treatments. Oxygenation ofA. fumigatusbiofilms, however, reduces fungal survival. These results extend the role of dynamic biofilm oxygen gradients found in bacterial pathogens to the fungal kingdom and provide insights into how to overcome fungal drug resistance through manipulation of biofilm oxygen availability and consumption.
Noninvasive two-photon optical biopsy of retinal fluorophores
Authors: Palczewska Grazyna , Boguslawski Jakub , Stremplewski Patrycjusz , Kornaszewski Lukasz , Zhang Jianye , Dong Zhiqian , Liang Xiao-Xuan , Gratton Enrico , Vogel Alfred , Wojtkowski Maciej , Palczewski Krzysztof 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceTwo-photon excitation (TPE) of retinal fluorophores with infrared light allows monitoring metabolic transformation of the retina. TPE imaging can provide information about biochemical events that precede structural damage to the retina and thereby accelerate the development of therapies against blinding diseases. While subcellular TPE of endogenous retinoids in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium of mice and nonhuman primates has been achieved, TPE imaging of the human retina has not been fully realized due to concerns about safety and identity of molecular signals. We therefore improved TPE efficiency by controlling temporal properties of the excitation light, performed extensive modeling of nonlinear damage mechanisms, and identified molecular components of individual RPE granules in mouse models of retinal diseases employing phasor analyses.
Ultrafast dynamics of hot carriers in a quasi–two-dimensional electron gas on InSe
Authors: Chen Zhesheng , Sjakste Jelena , Dong Jingwei , Taleb-Ibrahimi Amina , Rueff Jean-Pascal , Shukla Abhay , Peretti Jacques , Papalazarou Evangelos , Marsi Marino , Perfetti Luca 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Two-dimensional electron gases are an essential building block of today’s technology and attract broad interest in the context of material science or nanoengineering. Their widespread applications in many strategical sectors call for a direct visualization of hot electrons relaxation in an accumulation layer. In this work, we make use of time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy to acquire snapshots of the electronic distribution after a strong and impulsive drive. We identified and quantified the remote coupling of the confined electrons to phonon modes of the adjacent polar material. The far-reaching outcomes provide insights on the screening of electron–phonon coupling in constrained dimensions and will be of high relevance for the development of aggressively downscaled circuits.
Achieving delafossite analog by in situ electrochemical self-reconstruction as an oxygen-evolving catalyst
Authors: Liu Juzhe , Hu Qi , Wang Yu , Yang Zhao , Fan Xiaoyu , Liu Li-Min , Guo Lin 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Electrochemical water splitting to generate hydrogen and oxygen is proposed as a promising way for building a clean-energy future. One of the challenges facing this scenario is to develop robust electrocatalysts, especially for the kinetically sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process. In this work, the delafossite analog was proposed by mutation of metal oxyhydroxides and delafossite. We have experimentally realized the delafossite analog by intercalation of Ag into cobalt–iron (oxyhydr)oxide layers via electrochemical self-reconstruction (ECSR). The delafossite analog exhibits enhanced OER activity and outstanding stability. Our findings demonstrate that in situ ECSR can be an effective approach to construct new types of catalysts. Our advances on delafossite analogs pave the vital way for a class of promising electrochemical catalysts.
Spin cascade and doming in ferric hemes: Femtosecond X-ray absorption and X-ray emission studies
Authors: Bacellar Camila , Kinschel Dominik , Mancini Giulia F. , Ingle Rebecca A. , Rouxel Jérémy , Cannelli Oliviero , Cirelli Claudio , Knopp Gregor , Szlachetko Jakub , Lima Frederico A. , Menzi Samuel , Pamfilidis Georgios , Kubicek Katharina , Khakhulin Dmitry , Gawelda Wojciech , Rodriguez-Fernandez Angel , Biednov Mykola , Bressler Christian , Arrell Christopher A. , Johnson Philip J. M. , Milne Christopher J. , Chergui Majed 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceThe structure–function relationship in central to biology, while the structural dynamics are driven by electronic changes. Doming of ferrous heme proteins, which is central to the respiratory function of hemoglobin, ensues from populating high-spin states. However, for ferric heme proteins, doming was excluded. Here, we show that high-spin states are populated in photoexcited ferric cytochromec, and we present evidence for doming. We also conclude that photo- or thermally activated doming occurs in a wide variety of ferric heme proteins, calling for a deeper understanding of its role in their respective functions.
The cryoelectron microscopy structure of the human CDK-activating kinase
Authors: Greber Basil J. , Perez-Bertoldi Juan M. , Lim Kif , Iavarone Anthony T. , Toso Daniel B. , Nogales Eva 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Control of gene expression and the cell cycle is critical for appropriate cell growth and timely cell division. Failure of the mechanisms regulating these processes can result in proliferative diseases. A molecular complex termed the CDK-activating kinase (CAK) impinges on both of these regulatory networks in human cells and is thus a possible drug target for treatment of cancer. Here, we use cryoelectron microscopy to describe the detailed molecular structure of the human CAK, revealing its architecture and the interactions between its regulatory elements. Additionally, we have obtained the structure of the CAK in complex with a small-molecule inhibitor.
Particle swarming of sensor correction filters
Authors: Carter Jonathan J , Cooper Samuel J , Thrift Edward , Briggs Joseph , Warner Jim , Ross Michael P , Mow-Lowry Conor M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Reducing the impact of seismic activity on the motion of suspended optics is essential for the operation of ground-based gravitational wave detectors. During periods of increased seismic activity, low-frequency ground translation and tilt cause the Advanced LIGO observatories to lose ‘lock’, reducing their duty cycles. This paper applies modern global-optimisation algorithms to aid in the design of the ‘sensor correction’ filter, used in the control of the active platforms. It is shown that a particle swarm algorithm that minimises a cost-function approximating the differential root mean squared velocity between platforms can produce control filters that perform better across most frequencies in the control bandwidth than those currently installed. These tests were conducted using training data from the LIGO Hanford Observatory seismic instruments and simulations of the Horizontal Access Module Internal Seismic Isolation platforms. These results show that new methods of producing control filters are ready for use at LIGO. The filters were implemented at LIGO’s Hanford Observatory, and use the resulting data to refine the cost function.
Magnetic and transport properties of new ternary uranium-based germanide U2Rh3Ge5
Authors: Li D X , Shimizu Y , Nakamura A , Maurya A , Sato Y J , Homma Y , Honda F , Aoki D 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A new ternary uranium germanide U2Rh3Ge5 has been successfully synthesized and investigated by means of magnetic susceptibility χ(T, H), isothermal magnetization M(T, H), electrical resistivity ρ(T), and specific heat C(T, H) measurements. This compound is found to crystallize in the U2Co3Si5-type orthorhombic structure. The low-field χ(T) shows a clear peak at T
N = 41.5 K corresponding to an antiferromagnetic transition. The M(H) curve measured up to 70 kOe exhibits an H-linear behavior at 2 K with very small induced magnetic moments, while it shows upward curvature with increasing temperature, implying the possible presence of a metamagnetic transition in high-field region above 70 kOe. As the temperature decreases, ρ(T) increases slowly at T > T
N and decreases rapidly at T < T
N, which can be understood based on a semiconductor-like narrow band gap model (or the c-f hybridization effect) and an antiferromagnetic spin-wave model, respectively. No evidence of heavy-fermion behavior or superconductivity transition is observed at temperatures as low as 0.4 K. The obtained experimental results are discussed by comparing with those reported for the isomorphic compound U2Ir3Si5 and the quasi-isomorphic compound U2Rh3Si5.