bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise is medicine Canada workshop training improves physical activity practices of physicians across Canada, independent of initial confidence level
Authors: O'Brien Myles William , Shields Chris , Solmundson Kara , Fowles Jonathon 
Published: April 2020

Background: Educational workshops help physicians (MDs) include physical activity and exercise (PAE) content in more patient appointments. It is unclear if MDs with varying degrees of self-confidence discussing PAE with their patients equally benefit from such training. We evaluated whether MDs’ initial self-confidence affects the impact of an educational PAE workshop.
Methods: MDs (n = 63) across Canada completed self-reflection questionnaires initially and 3-months following a PAE workshop. MDs were divided into low-confidence [self-efficacy score (out of 100%): <40%; n = 21], medium-confidence (40-60%; n = 19) and high-confidence (>60%; n = 23).
Results: PAE counselling self-efficacy increased in all groups (relative increase: Low=~40%, Medium=~20%, High=~10%). Training increased the low-confidence group’s knowledge, awareness of guidance/resources and perception of their patients’ interest in lifestyle management (~30% change; all p < 0.001). Compared to baseline, a greater proportion (all p < 0.001) of MDs reported prescribing exercise at 3-month follow-up in each of the low-confidence (10% to 62%) medium-confidence (16% to 89%) and high-confidence (57% to 87%) groups.
Conclusion: PAE training favorably improved MDs’ self-confidence, perceived impact of many barriers and the proportion of MDs prescribing exercise, at each level of confidence. An educational workshop particularly assisted MDs with low-confidence (i.e., those who needed it the most) integrate PAE into their practice.
ECOLOGICAL TURN-AROUND – TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Simonis Udo.E. 
Published: April 2020

The	current	threatening	environmental	trends	point	to	enormous	environmental	policy	challenges	at	the	national,	regional	and	global	levels.	To	improve	this	situation,	it	is	necessary	to	begin	fundamental	economic	and	social	transformations.	Such	processes	create	enormous	political	problems.	The	article	analyses	in	detail	four	historical	studies	that	explain	the	need	for	a	global	environmental	shift,	and	explores	the	possibility	of	transformational	processes.	Transformation	as	a	radical	transformation	is	a	valueoriented	process.
WORLD EXPERIENCE: COMMERCIAL BANK CREDIT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH RELATIONSHIP
Authors: Aslanishvili Davit 
Published: April 2020

This	research	focuses	on	the	problem	of	large	scale	disproportion	of	success	in	the	development	of	the	banking	sector	and	mostly	unsuccessful	development	of	the	real	sector	of	the	economy.	It	should	be	noted	that	this	disproportion	is	a	subject	of	consideration	in	contemporary	economic	literature	and	our	research	is	an	attempt	to	broaden	the	issue	and	share	ideas	inside	the	international	scientific	circles.	The	main	problem	in	the	research	is	the	impact	of	the	banking	sector's	credit	portfolio	and	the	functioning	of	credit	markets	on	the	economic	growth	of	the	country.	In	this	regard,	it	is	very	important	to	identify,	study	the	macroeconomic	stabilization	and	accelerated	economic	growth	of	the	country	and	analyse	the	impact	mechanisms	of	the	credit	market	factors	on	economic	growth.	The	conclusion	that	combines	many	of	the	research	and	opinions	given	in	the	survey	can	be	as	follows:	From	the	economic	point	of	view,	the	main	function	of	banks	is	to	increase	the	financing/lending	of	funds	as	the	core	point	to	increase	investments	in	the	economy.	Thus,	the	development	of	the	country	in	economic	terms	depends	on	the	increase	of	investments.	At	present,	it	is	in	the	hands	of	the	banking	sector	whether	to	lead	us	to	economic	immobility	or	to	accelerate	the	country's	economic	development	through	efficient	allocation	of	resources.
ANALYSIS OF LITHUANIAN REGIONAL DEMOCRACY ACCORDING TO THE ARTICLES OF EUROPEAN CHARTER OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT
Authors: Kaklys Karolis 
Published: April 2020

The	poorly	addressed	problem	of	motivation	of	self‐government	democracy	may	hinder	direct	involvement	of	inhabitants	in	the	process	of	public	affairs	management	and	decision‐making	on	social,	political,	cultural,	economic	and	other	issues	of	selfgovernment.	The	right	of	citizens	to	participate	in	public	affairs	is	defined	in	the	preamble	to	the	Charter	as	one	of	the	fundamental	principles	of	democracy.	Moreover,	Lithuania	has	ratified	the	European	Charter	of	Local	Self‐Government	(1999),	while	committing	itself	to	implement	its	provisions	in	the	national	legal	system.	As	with	all	Council	of	Europe	multilateral	treaties,	there	is	a	certain	monitoring	system	for	the	proper	implementation	of	the	Charter	of	Local	Self‐Government,	which	is	one	of	the	institutional	tools	for	enforcement	is	Group	of	independent	experts.	Therefore,	the	research	aims	to	determine	the	level	of	expression	of	the	principles	enshrined	in	the	European	Charter	of	Local	SelfGovernment	in	Lithuanian	national	law;	to	reveal	the	influence	of	the	principles	enshrined	in	the	European	Charter	of	Local	SelfGovernment	on	the	democratic	processes	in	Lithuanian	selfgovernment;	to	put	forward	solutions	for	the	Lithuanian	legislator	on	issues	identified	related	to	questions	analysed	in	order	to	improve	national	legal	regulation.	The	research	will	use	theoretical,	historical,	empirical,	comparative	and	analytical	methods.
NOVAS TECNOLOGIAS: RECURSOS PARA UMA ESCRITA COGNITIVA
Authors: Barbosa Gomes Pereira Andrea 
Published: April 2020

Este artigo objetiva discorrer de forma breve acerca das contribuições das novas tecnologias para uma produção textual cognitiva a artir das ferramentas e recursos tecnológicos. Sabe-se que a escrita é um elemento fundamental na vida cotidiana e seu nsinamento, principalmente em escolas públicas, constitui um grande desafio aos educadores. Em decorrência, assinalam-se uestões sobre do papel dos educadores diante das demandas socioculturais contemporâneas, apontam-se alguns levantamentos om vistas a enfrentar o desafio de pensar uma sala de aula que alcance outros espaços e tempos. Nesse paradigma, o uestionamento levantado foi se práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas atualmente preparam os alunos para uma escrita cognitiva. A etodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica num paradigma qualitativo. Os resultados apontam para implicações positivas uanto à integração das TDIC nas práticas pedagógicas para a produção textual. Os teóricos aqui reportados são: Guaresi; Borba, ereira e Santos; Carnin, Graça e Pereira; Almeida e Valente; Silva; Santaella; Rangel e Rojo; Moura e Rojo.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA DIDÁTICA DOCENTE NOS CURSOS DE PEDAGOGIA
Authors: De Proença dos Santos Gabriela 
Published: April 2020

Este estudo tem por objetivo discutir e ressaltar a didática como recurso e elemento fundamental para a eficácia e adequação à ovos contextos de ensino-aprendizagem nos cursos de Pedagogia. A metodologia adotada trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, a partir e revisão bibliográfica, que embasou a discussão do tema. Após análise de conteúdo das literaturas, ficou claro a importância da idática na contribuição da formação docente sob a ótica das mudanças pelas quais a educação vem passando ao longo dos anos uanto à formação e o papel do docente universitário.
Difference of Intermittency between Electric Field and Magnetic Field Fluctuations from Ion Scale Down to Sub-electron Scale in the Magnetosheath Turbulence
Authors: Zhu Xingyu , He Jiansen , Wang Ying , Sorriso-Valvo Luca 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We use the measurements from the Magnetospheric MultiScale spacecraft to study the intermittency of the magnetic field (B-field) and electric field (E-field) fluctuations from ion scales (around 1 Hz in the spacecraft frame) to sub-electron scales (about 1000Hz) in the magnetosheath. For the first time, this study shows remarkable differences of intermittent properties between these two fields: (1) The multiorder structure functions of E-field trace fluctuations are more flattened as compared to those of B-field trace fluctuations. (2) The flatness of E-field fluctuations increases monotonically with decreasing scales and eventually exceeds 100 at 1000 Hz, whereas the flatness of B-field fluctuations does not rise so high (less than 100) and tends to fall off at frequencies larger than 1000 Hz. (3) It is revealed that ζ(p) monotonically and quasi-linearly increases with increasing p for B-field fluctuations even at sub-electron scales. However, ζ(p) for E-field is concave, turning over at around p = 2 from increasing to decreasing trends. We quantitatively analyze and find that, with decreasing scales (defined as τ), the variance of

(defined as λ
2), where σ is the local standard deviation, increases much more slowly than the most probable

(defined as μ) decreases (i.e.,

) for the B-field case, while the changing rate of the two quantities are of the same order

for the E-field case. These results indicate the distinct intermittency nature between magnetic and electric fields and impose a constraint on theoretical turbulence models.
NuSTAR Observation of a Minuscule Microflare in a Solar Active Region
Authors: Cooper Kristopher , Hannah Iain G. , Grefenstette Brian W. , Glesener Lindsay , Krucker Säm , Hudson Hugh S. , White Stephen M. , Smith David M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We present X-ray imaging spectroscopy of one of the weakest active region (AR) microflares ever studied. The microflare occurred at ∼11:04 UT on 2018 September 9 and we studied it using the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray (NuSTAR) and the Solar Dynamic Observatory’s Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA). The microflare is observed clearly in 2.5–7 keV with NuSTAR and in Fe xviii emission derived from the hotter component of the 94 Å SDO/AIA channel. We estimate the event to be three orders of magnitude lower than a GOES A class microflare with an energy of 1.1 × 1026 erg. It reaches temperatures of 6.7 MK with an emission measure of 8.0 × 1043 cm−3. Non-thermal emission is not detected but we instead determine upper limits to such emission. We present the lowest thermal energy estimate for an AR microflare in literature, which is at the lower limits of what is still considered an X-ray microflare.
Systematic Characterization of and Search for Activity in Potentially Active Asteroids
Authors: Mommert Michael , Trilling David E. , Hora Joseph L. , Lejoly Cassandra , Gustafsson Annika , Knight Matthew , Moskovitz Nick , Smith Howard A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We report on our long-term observational campaign to characterize and monitor a select sample of 75 dynamically selected dormant comet candidates and six near-Sun asteroids. Both asteroid subpopulations can be considered likely to display comet-like activity. Dormant comets are currently inactive comet nuclei that can still harbor volatiles in subsurface layers, whereas near-Sun asteroids have extremely low perihelion distances and are thus prone to catastrophic disruption. As a result of our 4 yr long observing campaign, we find only dormant comet 3552 Don Quixote to show activity during our program. We furthermore find that (51 ± 10)% of dynamically selected dormant comet candidates in near-Earth space have comet-like physical properties, as well as (56 ± 16)% of dynamically selected dormant comet candidates in other parts of the solar system. All of our near-Sun asteroid sample targets are of nonprimitive nature, suggesting that primitive near-Sun asteroids are more likely to disrupt than nonprimitives. We furthermore find a significant fraction of our near-Sun asteroid sample to display extremely blue V–I color indices, potentially hinting at physical alterations of surface material close to the Sun.
Melorheostosis in the Upper Extremity
Authors: Yildirim Cengiz , Özyürek Selahattin , Çiçek Engin Ilker , Kuskucu Mesih 
Published: April 2020

Melorheostosis is a rare mesodermal disease affecting the skeleton and adjacent soft tissues. Often it is incidentally detected on radiographs. In the standard radiology and orthopedics literature, melorheostosis is described as a “flowing hyperostosis, resembling dripping candle wax as an incidental radiographic finding.”
A 22-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of right-hand pain. Radiologic evaluation of the hand showed massive sclerotic changes in the first and second metacarpal and phalangeal bones on the right side. Further radiographic evaluation of the right upper extremity revealed the same sclerotic changes in the right scapula, humerus, radius, and scaphoid. Computed tomography (CT) scans showed a high attenuation undulating cortical hyperostosis with a “dripping candle wax appearance” involving the radial and/or dorsal aspects of humerus, radius, scaphoid, and first and second ray bones of the hand. Radionuclide triphasic bone scintigraphy showed diffuse homogenous radiotracer uptake within the entire right upper extremity involving the scapula, humerus, radius, scaphoid, and first and second metacarpals and phalangeal bones of the hand. The patient was followed conservatively, and 1-year follow-up revealed no change in the clinical, laboratory, or radiological findings. The diagnosis of melorheostosis was made on the basis of the characteristic distribution, location, and combined radiographic, CT, and radionuclide imaging features of the abnormalities. Conservative treatment was recommended for the patient. After 26 months of follow-up, despite the persistence of the radiologic findings, the patient is currently well, with no painful symptoms unless he performs forceful exercise.
Malat1 Suppresses Immunity to Infection through Promoting Expression of Maf and IL-10 in Th Cells
Authors: Hewitson James P. , West Katie A. , James Kylie R. , Rani Gulab Fatima , Dey Nidhi , Romano Audrey , Brown Najmeeyah , Teichmann Sarah A. , Kaye Paul M. , Lagos Dimitris 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Despite extensive mapping of long noncoding RNAs in immune cells, their function in vivo remains poorly understood. In this study, we identify over 100 long noncoding RNAs that are differentially expressed within 24 h of Th1 cell activation. Among those, we show that suppression of Malat1 is a hallmark of CD4+ T cell activation, but its complete deletion results in more potent immune responses to infection. This is because Malat1−/− Th1 and Th2 cells express lower levels of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. In vivo, the reduced CD4+ T cell IL-10 expression in Malat1−/−mice underpins enhanced immunity and pathogen clearance in experimental visceral leishmaniasis (Leishmania donovani) but more severe disease in a model of malaria (Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS). Mechanistically, Malat1 regulates IL-10 through enhancing expression of Maf, a key transcriptional regulator of IL-10. Maf expression correlates with Malat1 in single Ag-specific Th cells from P. chabaudi chabaudi AS–infected mice and is downregulated in Malat1−/− Th1 and Th2 cells. The Malat1 RNA is responsible for these effects, as antisense oligonucleotide-mediated inhibition of Malat1 also suppresses Maf and IL-10 levels. Our results reveal that through promoting expression of the Maf/IL-10 axis in effector Th cells, Malat1 is a nonredundant regulator of mammalian immunity.
Postexercise Slowing on the King-Devick Test and Longer Recovery From Sport-Related Concussion in Adolescents: A Validation Study
Authors: Haider Mohammad N. , Worts Phillip R. , Viera Kaitlin B. , Villarrubia Brendan , Wilber Charles G. , Willer Barry S. , Leddy John J. 
Published: April 2020

ContextThe King-Devick (KD) test is a rapid number-reading test that has emerging use in the assessment of sport-related concussion (SRC). Previous research suggested that healthy individuals and patients with acute concussions who had shorter recovery times (&lt;3 weeks) demonstrated a learning effect on the KD test after mild to moderate exertion, whereas patients with longer recovery times did not.ObjectiveTo assess if the absence of postexertional improvement on the KD test within 10 days of concussive head injury was associated with a longer duration of recovery.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingUniversity concussion-management clinics.Patients or Other ParticipantsMale and female adolescent athletes (n = 99, aged 13–18 years) presenting within 10 days of SRC.Main Outcome Measure(s)The KD test was administered before and after the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test (BCTT). Days from injury to recovery, with recovery defined as being asymptomatic, confirmed by the assessment of a physician who was blinded to the treatment group, and the return of normal exercise tolerance on the BCTT were recorded.ResultsParticipants with postexertional slowing (PES group, n = 33) had a longer duration of recovery (17 days versus 13.5 days, P = .033) than participants without PES (no-PES group, n = 66). At any clinic visit, PES was also associated with a relative risk of 2.36 (95% confidence interval = 1.55, 3.61; P &lt; .001) of not recovering within the following week.ConclusionsThe current study validates our prior work showing that acutely concussed adolescents who did not display the typical learning effect on the KD test after the BCTT took longer to recover from SRC than those who exhibited the typical learning effect.
Preemptive and Upfront Plerixafor: Safe and Effective Strategy for Patients Undergoing Autologous Stem Cell transplant and at High Risk for Mobilization Failure
Authors: Sheth Vipul , Jain Reetu , Gore Adwaita , Ghanekar Amit , Saikia Tapan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Approximately 10%–30% of patients are unable to collect the minimum number of stem cells to support high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant (hematopoietic stem cell transplantation). Plerixafor alone or in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been shown to significantly increase the CD34 cell collection, especially in patients who failed their initial harvest strategy. This is a retrospective study of 17 preselected patients (relapsed lymphoma and myeloma), who were considered to have high risk of mobilization failure and who had undergone upfront and preemptive plerixafor mobilization. Patients and Methods: The mobilization protocol consisted of G-CSF (10–15 μg/kg) subcutaneously daily for 4 days before the initiation of plerixafor on evening of day 4. The patients then underwent apheresis on day 5. Results: Among 17 patients who underwent apheresis, 16 (93%) yielded the minimum required cell collection of ≥2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg in a single apheresis session (2 days). Out of these 16 patients, 8 (53%) patients achieved the minimum target dose in a single day. Eight (50%) of all patients achieved the optimum target cell collection in a single apheresis session. Out of these eight patients, five (62%) patients collected optimum yield in a single day. Conclusion: Plerixafor is safe and effective if used upfront and preemptively for patients in whom mobilization of stem cells is considered to be a problem.
Effectiveness of Nighttime Orthoses in Controlling Pain for Women With Hand Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Silva Paula Gabriel , de Carvalho Silva Fabiana , da Rocha Corrêa Fernandes Artur , Natour Jamil 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Importance: Hand osteoarthritis is a musculoskeletal problem that is associated with hand pain, stiffness, functional limitation, decreased grip strength, and reduced quality of life.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of nighttime orthoses on the second or third finger of the dominant hand in controlling pain in women with symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) in the interphalangeal joint.
Design: Randomized controlled trial.
Setting: Outpatient clinic.
Participants: Fifty-two women with symptomatic OA and presence of Heberden’s and Bouchard’s nodes, allocated randomly to the intervention group or the control group.
Intervention: The intervention group used a nighttime orthosis on the second or third finger of the dominant hand. Both groups participated in an educational session.
Outcomes and Measures: The following parameters were measured: pain (numerical rating scale, Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index), grip and pinch strength, function (Cochin Hand Functional Scale), and manual performance (Moberg Pick Up Test).
Results: The intervention group showed a statistically significant improvement in pain (p &lt; .001) and hand function. The improvement in pain correlated with Cochin Hand Functional Scale scores and the absence of Bouchard’s nodes in the third finger, which are predictors of the best prognosis for treatment with a nighttime orthosis.
Conclusions and Relevance: This study demonstrates that nighttime orthoses are effective in reducing pain and lead to improvement in hand function in women with hand OA. They are therefore specifically recommended for nonpharmacological treatment of hand OA.
What This Article Adds: Orthoses can be considered, together with manual exercises and joint protection, as an intervention to reduce symptoms and improve hand function in people with hand OA. This study is an important step in empowering occupational therapists to determine appropriate and effective intervention for clients with OA.
Spatial variations in silicate-to-nitrate ratios in Southern Ocean surface waters are controlled in the short term by physics rather than biology
Authors: Demuynck Pieter , Tyrrell Toby , Naveira Garabato Alberto , Moore Mark Christopher , Martin Adrian Peter 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The nutrient composition (high in nitrate but low in silicate) of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) forces diatom scarcity across much of the global surface ocean. This is because diatoms cannot grow without silicate. After formation and downwelling at the Southern Ocean's northern edge, SAMW re-emerges into the surface layers of the mid- and low-latitude oceans, providing a major nutrient source to primary producers in those regions. The distinctive nutrient composition of SAMW originates in the surface waters of the Southern Ocean, from which SAMW is formed. These waters are observed to transition from being rich in both silicate and nitrate in high-latitude areas of the Southern Ocean to being nitrate-rich but silicate-depleted at SAMW formation sites further north. Here we investigate the key controls of this change in nutrient composition with an idealised model, consisting of a chain of boxes linked by a residual (Ekman- and eddy-induced) overturning circulation. Biological processes are modelled on the basis of seasonal plankton bloom dynamics, and physical processes are modelled using a synthesis of outputs from the data-assimilative Southern Ocean State Estimate. Thus, as surface water flows northward across the Southern Ocean toward sites of SAMW formation, it is exposed in the model (as in reality) to seasonal cycles of both biology and physics. Our results challenge previous characterisations of the abrupt northward reduction in silicate-to-nitrate ratios in Southern Ocean surface waters as being predominantly driven by biological processes. Instead, our model indicates that, over shorter timescales (years to decades), physical processes connecting the deep and surface waters of the Southern Ocean (i.e. upwelling and entrainment) exert the primary control on the spatial distribution of surface nutrient ratios.