bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Detection of Convective Echoes and Their Development Using a Ka-Band Radar Network
Authors: Yoshida Syo , Misumi Ryohei , Maesaka Takeshi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCumulonimbus clouds, which cause local heavy rainfall and urban floods, can develop within 20 min after being detected by operational centimeter-wavelength (X-, C-, or S-band) weather radars. To detect such clouds with greater lead times, Ka-band radars at a wavelength of 8.6 mm together with operational X-band radars were used in this study. The vertically averaged radar reflectivity (VAR) of convective echoes detected by the Ka-band and X-band radars were defined as mesoscale cloud echoes (MCEs) and mesoscale precipitation echoes (MPEs), respectively. The time series of each echo was analyzed by an echo tracking algorithm. On average, MCEs that developed into MPEs (denoted as developed MCEs) were detected 17 min earlier than the MPEs and 33 min earlier than the peak time of the area-averaged VAR (VARa) for MPEs. Some MCEs dissipated without developing into MPEs (denoted as non-developed MCEs). There were statistically significant differences between the developed and non-developed MCEs in terms of the maximum VARa values, maximum MCEs areas, and increase amounts of the VARa values and MCE areas for the first 6–12 min after their detection. Among these indicators, the maximum VARa for the first 9 min showed the most significant differences. Therefore, an algorithm for predicting MCE development using this indicator is discussed.
A Pitfall in Prenatal Ultrasonic Detection of Submucous Cleft Palate
Authors: Hu Jia-Qi , Zhang Yu-Guo , Feng Wei , Shi Hua 
Published: November 2020

Objective: We present a case with prenatal diagnosis of submucous cleft palate (SMCP) which was described using 2- and 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography in utero. Case Report: A 25-year-old pregnant woman was referred to our department for fetal ultrasound screening. After the detection of cardiac and spinal malformations of fetal, further detailed examination detected SMCP, which showed a gap within the hard palate on axial transversal view with the soft palate visible on sagittal view. The imaging of a defective hard palate in prenatal 3D ultrasonography is similar to that in postmortem 3D computed tomography reconstruction. Conclusion: A gap within the hard palate and verification of the visibility of the soft palate should be key points in the prenatal diagnosis of SMCP. Three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging is helpful for displaying the shape and extent of the bony defect in SMCP.
Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with transcranial direct current stimulation on motor function and cortex excitability in subacute stroke patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gong Yan , Long Xian-Ming , Xu Ying , Cai Xiu-Ying , Ye Ming 
Published: November 2020

Objective: To explore effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on motor function and cortex excitability in subacute stroke patients. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Inpatient hospitals. Subjects: Sixty-five participants were randomly assigned to four groups: sham, 1Hz rTMS, cathodic tDCS combined with 1Hz rTMS (tDCS-/rTMS-) and anodic tDCS combined with 1Hz rTMS (tDCS+/rTMS-). Interventions: Four interventions were used, including sham, 1Hz rTMS, and cathodal or anodal tDCS, followed by 1Hz rTMS over contralesional motor cortex, which continued for four weeks. Main measures: Outcome measures were motor function and cortical excitability, evaluated by Fugl-Meyer Assessment, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and Barthel Index, resting Motion Threshold, Motor Evoked Potentials and Central Motor Conduction Time, assessed at baseline, four weeks and eight weeks. Results: At four weeks after interventions, Fugl-Meyer Assessment lower limb change score in tDCS+/rTMS- group was significantly larger than other three groups ( P < 0.001). There were significant differences in bilateral Motor Evoked Potentials changes between tDCS+/rTMS- group and sham group ( P < 0.05). At eight weeks, compared to other groups, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ( P = 0.003), Barthel Index ( P = 0.002), FMA lower limb score ( P < 0.001), and bilateral resting Motion Threshold, Motor Evoked Potentials ( P < 0.05) showed significant changes in tDCS+/rTMS- group. Furthermore, Fugl-Meyer Assessment lower limb change score was associated with increased ipsilesional Motor Evoked Potentials ( r = 0.703 P < 0.001) in tDCS+/rTMS- group. Conclusion: 1Hz rTMS combined with anode tDCS stimulation protocol could be a preferable rehabilitative strategy for motor recovery in subacute stroke patients.
The East–Freeman Automatic Vent: An interesting footnote in the history of mechanical ventilation
Authors: Morris Richard W , Cooper Michael G 
Published: November 2020

An example of the East–Freeman Automatic Vent from Oxford was found in the early anaesthesia equipment collection at St George Hospital, Sydney. It weighs less than 200 g and is representative of a group of miniature ventilators that were described in the 1960s, including the Minivent from South Africa and the Microvent from Canada. All relied on a pressure-operated inflating valve that was described in 1966 by Mitchell and Epstein from Oxford. The ventilators were compact, portable and were powered by the gas supply from the anaesthesia machine or other driving source that distended a reservoir bag. The main problem was that they could stick in the inspiratory phase. This led to pressure in the lungs rising towards the driving pressure. There was a risk of barotrauma to the patient if the system was not promptly disconnected. While theyhad provided an alternative to hand bagging, they were superseded, as more sophisticated and safer ventilators became widely available.
Blind intubation through an i-gel® in the prone position: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Dijck Maarten van , Houweling Bernard M , Koning Mark V 
Published: November 2020

Accidental extubation in the prone position is a medical emergency in which quick and low resource demanding airway management is required. Regaining oxygenation is the primary goal, but sometimes intubation may be required to regain oxygenation. Blind intubation through an i-gel® (Intersurgical Ltd, Wokingham, Berkshire, UK) may be a quick and low resource demanding method. However, the success rate of the use of an i-gel as an intubation conduit in the prone position is unknown. This was a prospective study in patients scheduled for lumbar surgery. General anaesthesia was induced in the prone position and an i-gel was inserted. After successful ventilation, up to three attempts at intubation using a VivaSight-SL single-lumen tube (Ambu A/S, Ballerup, Denmark) were performed. The first attempt was blinded for the operator and the patient’s head was in a neutral position. The second attempt was blinded for the operator with the patient’s head rotated laterally. The third attempt was on-screen and allowed various manoeuvres to facilitate intubation. A success rate of 70% was deemed clinically acceptable. The study was terminated early after 14 subjects because the success rate of 70% was not achievable. However, ventilation using the i-gel in the prone position was successful in 13 patients (93%). Intubation was successful in only one patient at the first attempt, one patient at the second attempt and three patients at the third attempt. Overall, the success rate was 36%. Blind intubation using an i-gel as an intubation conduit in the prone position is not recommended. Netherlands Trial Register number NL6387 (NTR7659).
Does obesity lead to lower rates of clinically meaningful improvement or satisfaction after total hip arthroplasty? A propensity score-matched study
Authors: Goh Graham S , Zeng Gerald J , Tay Darren K-J , Lo Ngai-Nung , Yeo Seng-Jin , Liow Ming Han Lincoln 
Published: November 2020

Background: Current literature lacks consensus regarding the impact of obesity on clinical outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA). The variability of results may reflect the lack of minimal clinically important difference (MCID) analysis, which helps to standardise the interpretation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). We compared the PROMs, patient satisfaction and survivorship between obese and non-obese patients after THA. Methods: Prospectively collected registry data of 192 obese patients and 192 propensity score-matched controls who underwent primary THA at a single institution were reviewed. Clinical outcomes and satisfaction rates were assessed at 6 months and 2 years. Reoperations for surgical complications and revision rates were analysed. Results: Obese patients had a significantly poorer Oxford Hip Score (OHS) at 6 months and WOMAC-Function at 2 years. However, there was no difference in overall WOMAC, WOMAC-Pain, WOMAC-stiffness, SF-36 mental and physical component summary (PCS). A similar proportion of patients in each group achieved the MCID for OHS, WOMAC and SF-36 PCS. At 2 years, 90.3% of obese patients and 91.7% of controls were satisfied ( p = 0.755). At a mean follow-up of 9 years, there were 5 reoperations (2.6%) for surgical complications in the obese group and 1 (0.5%) in the control group; whereas 12 revisions (6.3%) were recorded in the obese group and 3 (1.6%) in the control group ( p = 0.021). Conclusions: Despite a higher revision rate, obese patients undergoing THA may experience a similar level of clinical meaningful improvement and satisfaction as their non-obese counterparts. This study provides valuable prognostic information for obese patients and guides preoperative counselling.
Is your vision blurry? A systematic review of home-based visual acuity for telemedicine
Authors: Samanta Anindya , Mauntana Shielah , Barsi Zahra , Yarlagadda Bina , Nelson Patricia C 
Published: November 2020

Introduction Visual acuity (VA) testing is a vital screening tool for the assessment of ocular function. The coronavirus 2019 pandemic has caused an immediate need for synchronous telemedicine in all specialties, including ophthalmology. While a plethora of mobile VA applications exist, there is no consensus as to what technology can accurately and reproducibly measure a patient’s vision at home. Methods A systematic literature search was performed in April 2020 using PubMed, Embase and Medline, identifying English publications from 2010 to 2020 on remote VA tests: 4338 articles were identified and 14 were ultimately included in the review. Results Of those 14, the highest quality studies, best reproducibility and correlation with in-clinic acuities measured were found using the Peek Acuity application. The studies included patients throughout the world aged 3–97, with and without correction, with known ocular pathology. The Peek Acuity studies measured distance vision on a Samsung Galaxy S3 with a mean difference of 0.055 Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (LogMAR) for home testing compared with the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). Test–retest variability was ±0.029 LogMAR for 95% confidence interval limits. Discussion There can be one or more lines of variability in vision testing in a clinical setting using reference standard ETDRS and clinical standard Snellen charts. Test–retest reliability is not perfect even on standard clinical charts (variation up to 0.48 LogMAR). Of the technologies reviewed, Peek Acuity home testing had the greatest correlation with ETDRS clinical vision and high test–retest reliability. Peek Acuity performed no worse than Snellen and ETDRS charts.
Dynamics modeling and analysis of a four-wheel independent motor-drive virtual-track train
Authors: Yin Zhonghui , Zhang Jiye , Lu Haiying , Zhang Weihua 
Published: November 2020

Due to urbanisation and the economic challenges of traffic, it is urgently necessary to develop an environmentally friendly virtual-track train with suitable speed, high load capacity and low construction cost in China. To guide the design and evaluate this train’s dynamic behaviour, a spatial-dynamics model has been developed based on the dynamics theory and tyre-road interaction. The proposed dynamics model comprises mechanical vehicle systems, traction and braking characteristics and tyre-road dynamic interactions. The coupling effects amongst those systems of virtual track train are derived theoretically for the first time. The nonlinear characteristics of the tyre are modelled by the transit tyre-magic formula with consideration of road irregularities. Based on a designed PID controller and the comprehensive dynamics model, the dynamic performance of the system can be revealed considering motion coupling effects and complicated excitations, especially under traction and braking conditions. The dynamic responses of whole virtual track train can be obtained by numerical integration under different conditions. The vibration characteristics of such train are assessed under running at a constant speed and during the traction/braking process. The results show that the vibrations of the vehicle system are significantly influenced by road irregularities, especially at high speed ranges. The motions and vibrations of different components are intensive coupled, which should not to be neglected in the dynamics assessment of the virtual track train. Besides, the dynamics model can also be applied to dynamics-related assessment (fatigue, strength and some damage conditions, et al.) and parameter optimisation of the virtual-track train.
Emotion regulation and decision-making in persons with dementia: A scoping review
Authors: Perach Rotem , Rusted Jennifer , Harris Peter R. , Miles Eleanor ,   for the DETERMIND team
Published: November 2020

Background and Objectives Emotion is integral to decision-making, and emotion regulation is associated with improved well-being in older age. Persons with dementia are likely to experience impairments in emotion regulation processes that can potentially contribute to differential decision-making and well-being outcomes. To promote the development of theoretical models of well-being in dementia, we review the quantitative evidence concerning the associations between emotion regulation and decision-making in dementia. Methods Scoping review. Results Seven studies of persons with dementia met our criteria. In persons with frontotemporal lobar degeneration, emotion regulation processes that precede the emotional experience were associated with decision-making in a moral (but not uncertainty) context. Independent of type of dementia, evidence concerning the associations between emotion regulation processes that occur after emotion is experienced and decision-making was mixed and drew on different methodologies. No studies relating to the associations between decision-making in dementia and several emotion regulation processes and strategies were found. Conclusions In this review, we sought to clarify the concept of everyday decision-making in dementia and map the current state of evidence concerning its associations with emotion regulation. Our findings show that emotion regulation processes are associated with decision-making in dementia, depending on type of decision-making assessment and emotional experience. We outline the gaps in the literature to set a research agenda for promoting our understanding of how emotion regulation processes can shape the various decisions that are made by persons with dementia on a daily basis.
LncRNA KCNA2-AS regulates spinal astrocyte activation through STAT3 to affect postherpetic neuralgia
Authors: Kong Cunlong , Du Jie , Bu Huilian , Huang Chen , Xu Fuxing , Ren Huan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most common complication of herpes zoster, but the mechanism of PHN is still unclear. Activation of spinal astrocytes is involved in PHN. Our study aims to explore whether lncRNA KCNA2 antisense RNA (KCNA2-AS) regulates spinal astrocytes in PHN through signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3).

Methods
Varicella zoster virus (VZV)-infected CV-1 cells were injected into rats to construct a PHN model. Primary spinal cord astrocytes were activated using S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; marker of astrocyte activation), phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3), and KCNA2-AS were analyzed by immunofluorescence and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization. RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation were used to detect binding of KCNA2-AS to pSTAT3.

Results
KCNA2-AS was highly expressed in the spinal cord tissue of PHN model rats, and was positively correlated with GFAP expression. GFAP was significantly increased in GSNO-induced cells, but the knockdown of KCNA2-AS reversed this result. Meanwhile, pSTAT3 was significantly increased in GSNO-induced cells, but knockdown of KCNA2-AS reduced pSTAT3 within the nucleus while the total pSTAT3 did not change significantly. pSTAT3 bound to KCNA2-AS and this binding increased with GSNO treatment. Furthermore, knockdown of KCNA2-AS in PHN model rats relieved mechanical allodynia.

Conclusion
Down-regulation of KCNA2-AS alleviates PHN partly by reducing the translocation of pSTAT3 cytoplasm to the nucleus and then inhibiting the activation of spinal astrocytes.
Thermal insulation and hydrophobization of wood impregnated with silica aerogel powder
Authors: Chen Hong , Zhang Yutian , Zhong Tuhua , Wu Zhihui , Zhan Xianxu , Ye Jiaoyou 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to develop a simple and cost-effective method to improve thermal insulation and hydrophobicity of wood. Herein, we attempted to use commercially available silica aerogel powders suspended in ethanol to treat the wood by a simple vacuum impregnation process. The effects of particle size (20 µm and 40 nm) of silica aerogels and the number of impregnation cycles (1, 3, and 5 cycles) were examined on the thermal conductivity and the surface hydrophobicity. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of silica aerogel-impregnated wood decreased by approximately 38%. The water contact angle of the impregnated wood increased up to the maximum values 153° with a comparison with 80° of the untreated wood, indicating effective hydrophobization after silica aerogel impregnation. The tensile properties of the impregnated wood were found slightly improved. The results indicate that the impregnation of silica aerogel powders in wood can be a facile and efficient approach to prepare wood with thermal insulation and hydrophobicity, which may hold great promise to be employed in manufacturing wood-based materials used in interior decoration and buildings.
Using Flame-Assisted Printing to Fabricate Large Nanostructured Oxide Thin Film for Electrochromic Applications
Authors: Fan Hualin , Yan Wei , Ding Yicheng , Bao Zhihao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFlame spray pyrolysis was a process to produce oxide nanoparticles in a self-sustaining flame. When the produced nanoparticles were deposited on a substrate, nanostructured oxide thin films could be obtained. However, the size of the thin film was usually limited by the fixed substrate. Here, we demonstrated that thin film with a large area could be deposited by using the moving substrate, which was precisely controlled by servo motors. As a result, the flame tip could scan over the substrate and deposit the nanoparticles on it line by line, analogues to a printing process called flame-assisted printing (FAP). As an example, nanostructured bismuth-oxide thin films with a size of up to 20 cm × 20 cm were deposited with the FAP process. The bismuth-oxide thin film exhibited a stable electrochromic property with a high modulation of 70.5%. The excellent performance could be ascribed to its porous nanostructure formed in the FAP process. The process can be extended to deposit other various oxides (e.g., tungsten-oxide) thin films with a large size for versatile applications.
Transcriptomic profiling of adipose tissue inflammation, remodeling, and lipid metabolism in periparturient dairy cows (Bos taurus)
Authors: Salcedo-Tacuma David , Parales-Giron Jair , Prom Crystal , Chirivi Miguel , Laguna Juliana , Lock Adam L. , Contreras G. Andres 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Periparturient cows release fatty acid reserves from adipose tissue (AT) through lipolysis in response to the negative energy balance induced by physiological changes related to parturition and the onset of lactation. However, lipolysis causes inflammation and structural remodeling in AT that in excess predisposes cows to disease. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the periparturient period on the transcriptomic profile of AT using NGS RNAseq.

Results
Subcutaneous AT samples were collected from Holstein cows (n = 12) at 11 ± 3.6 d before calving date (PreP) and at 6 ± 1d (PP1) and 13 ± 1.4d (PP2) after parturition. Differential expression analyses showed 1946 and 1524 DEG at PP1 and PP2, respectively, compared to PreP. Functional Enrichment Analysis revealed functions grouped in categories such as lipid metabolism, molecular transport, energy production, inflammation, and free radical scavenging to be affected by parturition and the onset of lactation (FDR < 0.05). Inflammation related genes such as TLR4 and IL6 were categorized as upstream lipolysis triggers. In contrast, FASN, ELOVL6, ACLS1, and THRSP were identified as upstream inhibitors of lipid synthesis. Complement (C3), CXCL2, and HMOX1 were defined as links between inflammatory pathways and those involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species.

Conclusions
Results offer a comprehensive characterization of gene expression dynamics in periparturient AT, identify upstream regulators of AT function, and demonstrate complex interactions between lipid mobilization, inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and redox signaling in the adipose organ.