bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expiar os pecados políticos, escribir "O Porco de Pé"
Authors: Allegue Leira Alberto 
Published: November 2020

O porco de pé (1928), en tanto que romance cunha extensión suiciente, pode ser entendido como unha vía para expresar contidos políticos nun contexto dominado pola forte censura sobre as publicacións periódicas. Esta obra parece servir para revisar as estratexias políticas do nacionalismo galego no período 1918-1924 (participación electoral, cooperación co agrarismo, colaboración coa ditadura), ao tempo que exerce unha dura sátira contra o réxime de Primo de Rivera, centrada sobre todo nos seus discursos e mobilizacións. Neste traballo tamén examinamos os posibles referentes históricos, máis ou menos explícitos, que Risco agocha con trazo groso tras algúns personaxes e situacións, entre os cales descubrimos o propio autor da narración. O Porco de Pé (1928), being a novel of substantial length, can be read as a way to express political contents in a context of extreme censorship on the press. This book seems to be useful to revise the political strategies of Galician nationalism during the period 1918-1924 (electoral participation, cooperation with agrarianism and collaboration with Primo de Rivera’s dictatorship), while implying a searing satire against Primo de Rivera’s regime, focused on its speeches and mass movements. In this article we also analyse the possible historical referents, more or less explicit, that Risco hides in broad strokes behind some characters and situations, among which the autor himself can be found.
Lapurtera klasikoaren oinarriez: E. Materraren "Doctrina christianaren" iturriak
Authors: Zuloaga Eneko , Krajewska Dorota , Santazilia Ekaitz 
Published: November 2020

Lan honetan Esteve Materraren Doctrina christiana lanaren lehenengo bi edizioen (1617, 1623) iturriak ditugu aztergai. Kontrarreformasasoian Lapurdiko irakurleentzat argitaratutako lehenengo dotrina izan zen Materrarena, eta oraintsu arte galdutzat jotzen zen lehenengo edizioaren ale bat aurkitzeak ikuspegi berria ekarri du egileaz eta obraz. Bada, XVI. Eta XVII. mendeetan Europan argitaratutako hainbat katixima aztertu eta Materrarenarekin erkatu ondoren, argudioak bildu ditugu proposatzeko azken horren iturri direla Roberto Bellarmino italiarraren lanak. Hemen aurkezten den obren arteko konparazio sistematikoak bidea ematen du baieztatzeko Materrak Bellarminoren lanak baliatu eta egokitu zituela, eta argia dakar, beraz, lapurtera klasikoaren obra aitzindariaren sortze-prozesuaz. In this paper we analyze the sources of the irst two editions of Esteve Materra’s Doctrina christiana. Materra’s doctrine was the irst catechism published in Labourd during the Counter-Reformation, and the recent discovery of a copy of the irst edition has brought new information on the author and his work. After having analyzed and compared several catechisms published in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries, we have arguments to propose that the main source were the works of the Italian Roberto Bellarmino. The comparisons presented here show that Materra used and adapted Bellarmino’s books, which shed light on the creation process of the precursor of Labourdin literature.
El relato amoroso en Marianela (1878): Una ejemplificación galdosiana del positivismo comtiano
Authors: Cantero García Victor 
Published: November 2020

La presente colaboración trata de evidenciar la apuesta de Benito Pérez Galdós por convertir a Marianela (1878) en un exponente del llamado positivismo comtiano. El análisis del devenir del idilio amoroso entre Pablo, el ciego y Nela, su lazarillo, nos permite descubrir la inclinación de Galdós a favor de las tesis del denominado naturalismo positivista. Un posicionamiento que coincide con el talante progresista y liberal tan propio del temperamento de nuestro autor.
The present collaboration tries to demonstrate the attempt by Benito Pérez Galdós to turn his novel Marianela (1878) in an example of the so-called Comtian positivism. The analysis of the development of the amorous relationship between Pablo, the blind man and Nela, his guide, allows us to discover the inclination of Galdós in favor of the thesis of the so-called positivist naturalism. A positioning that coincides with the progressive and liberal attitude so dear the writer´s own temperament.
El modelo galdosiano en los Episodios Nacionales Contemporáneos de Susana March y Ricardo Fernández de la Reguera
Authors: Ripoll  Sintes Blanca 
Published: November 2020

Este artículo tiene como propósitos principales describir el proyecto tan poco conocido de los Episodios Nacionales Contemporáneos de Susana March y Ricardo Fernández de la Reguera, publicados entre 1963 y 1988; y relacionar dichas novelas con el modelo original, los Episodios Nacionales de Benito Pérez Galdós, a partir del análisis de sus concomitancias y de las diferencias propias de la narrativa española del siglo XX.
This article’s main purposes are to describe the barely unknown project of the Episodios Nacionales Contemporáneos written by Susana March and Ricardo Fernández de la Reguera and published between 1963 and 1988; and link these novels with the original model, the Episodios nacionales by Benito Pérez Galdós, through the analysis of their concomitances and differences due to the change of an era.
Revisión de la figura de la diosa Hécate a través de sus asimilaciones
Authors: Rodríguez Valdés Pablo 
Published: November 2020

En el ámbito de la filosofía neoplatónica de Proclo el Diádoco, representante destacado de la escuela de Atenas, la figura de la diosa Hécate es de una importancia fundamental, ya que se configura como elemento central de la tríada noérica que separa el Intelecto paterno del demiúrgico, del que manan la Virtud y el orden material de las cosas. Este planteamiento bebe directamente de los oráculos caldeos, un compendio fragmentario de respuestas divinas recopilado en época de Marco Aurelio (segunda mitad del siglo II), en el que Hécate aparece como diosa profética y de sumo poder. Para llegar a comprender cómo una entidad que nunca formó parte del panteón olímpico más extendido en época clásica o helenística llegó a ser uno de los seres más poderosos en la Antigüedad tardía, hace falta estudiar el complejo y rico proceso de asimilación y convergencia que experimentó con otras divinidades, gracias, sobre todo, a los cultos orientales y mistéricos y a la expansión del helenismo por el territorio egipcio. Así pues, el objeto del presente artículo es revisar la evolución del papel de la diosa Hécate desde una perspectiva diacrónica, estableciendo como límites el siglo VIII a.C. y elIV d.C. Si bien analizaremos los diversos testimonios literarios y epigráficos en los que sea mencionada, el centro de atención serán los Himnos órficos y el Papiro Mágico IV 2785- 2890, que permiten conocer de primera mano el proceso de asimilación producido.
In the context of the Neoplatonic philosophy of Proclus the Successor, a prominent representative of the school of Athens, the figure of the goddess Hecate is of fundamental importance, since it is configured as a central element of the noeric triad that separates the paternal Intellect from the demiurgic, from which the Virtue and the material order of things flow. This approach drinks directly from the Chaldaean oracles, a fragmentary compendium of divine responses compiled at the time of Marco Aurelio (second half of the second century), in which Hecate appears as a prophetic goddess of great power. In order to understand how an entity that was never part of the most widespread Olympic pantheon in Classical or Hellenistic times became one of the most powerful beings in Late Antiquity, it is necessary to study the complex and rich process of assimilation and convergence that it experienced with other divinities, thanks,above all, to the oriental and mystical cults and the expansion of Hellenism through the Egyptian territory.Thus, the purpose of this article is to review the evolution of the role of the goddess Hecate from a diachronic perspective, setting the eighth century B.C. as limits, and the fourth A.D. Although we will analyze the various literary and epigraphic testimoniesin which it is mentioned, but the focus will be the Orphic Hymns and the Magic PapyrusIV 2785-2890, which allow us to know first hand the assimilation process produced.
Il senex lepidus nel Miles gloriosus e oltre: l’eredità di Periplectomeno da Terenzio a Catullo
Authors: Aresi Laura 
Published: November 2020

El artículo pretende investigar el uso del adjetivo lepidus en el Miles gloriosus, comenzando con el análisis del senex lepidus Periplectomenus y su aristia en 3.1. Se señalarán dos significadosde la palabra: por un lado, lepidus es la palabra clave que subraya la forma en que se alcanza el efecto cómico en la obra; por otro, representa una forma de vida e, indirectamente, un método de educación, como podemos observar en Los hermanos (Adelphoi ) de Terencio. Después de Plauto, este modelo será reutilizado activamente en la época republicana por Cicerón y Catulo antes de desaparecer en la época imperial, en la que las funciones y significados de lepidus se reducirán estrictamente y la palabra se empleará como marcadorpara introducir cuentos divertidos.
The article aims to investigate the use of the adjective lepidus in the Miles gloriosus, beginning with the analysis of the senex lepidus Periplectomenus and his aristia in 3.1. Two meanings of the word will be pointed out: on the one hand, lepidus ist the key-word that underlines the way by which the comic effect is reached in the play; on the other, it represents a way of life – and, indirectly, a method of education, as we can observe in Terence’s Adelphoi . After Plautus, this model will be actively reused in the republican age by Cicero and Catullus before disappearing in the imperial age, inininwhich, instead, the functions and meanings of lepidus will be strictly reduced and the word will be employed just as marker to introduce funny tales.
Two new species of Tardigrada from moss cushions (Grimmia sp.) in a xerothermic habitat in northeast Tennessee (USA, North America), with the first identification of males in the genus Viridiscus
Authors: Nelson Diane R. , Adkins Fletcher Rebecca , Guidetti Roberto , Roszkowska Milena , Grobys Daria , Kaczmarek Łukasz 
Published: November 2020

Background
The phylum Tardigrada consists of over 1,300 species that inhabit terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments throughout the world. In terrestrial habitats they live primarily in mosses, lichens, leaf litter and soil, whereas tardigrades in freshwater and marine environments are mainly found in sediments and on aquatic plants. More than 65 species have been previously reported in the state of Tennessee, USA.

Methods
Tardigrades present in moss cushions (Grimmia sp.) collected from a xerothermic habitat on the East Tennessee State University campus, Johnson City, TN, USA, were extracted, mounted on slides, identified, and counted. Additional samples of fresh dried moss were used for integrative analyses, including morphological analysis with phase contrast (PCM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as molecular analyses of COI, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and ITS-2 of the Macrobiotus and Milnesium species.

Results
Five species were found, including two species new to science: Viridiscus miraviridis sp. nov. and Macrobiotus basiatus sp. nov. Viridiscus miraviridis sp. nov. differs from other members of the genus mainly by having a different type of dorsal cuticle and some other, more subtle, morphometric characters. In addition to the two new species, Viridiscus perviridis and Viridiscus viridissimus were present, and males of Vir. viridissimus were found for the first time, the first record of males in the genus Viridiscus. Macrobiotus basiatus sp. nov. is most similar to Macrobiotus nelsonae, but it differs from Mac. nelsonae mainly by the stylet supports being situated in a more anterior position, shorter and narrower egg processes, and a smaller number of areoles around the egg processes. Moreover, the identification of Milnesium inceptum was confirmed as the first record for the USA by analysis of COI.
Identifying MMP14 and COL12A1 as a potential combination of prognostic biomarkers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Ding Jingyi , Liu Yanxi , Lai Yu 
Published: November 2020

Background
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a fatal malignant neoplasm. It is necessary to improve the understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms and identify the key genes and signaling pathways involved in PDAC.

Methods
The microarray datasets GSE28735, GSE62165, and GSE91035 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by integrated bioinformatics analysis, including protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. The PPI network was established using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and Cytoscape software. GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway analyses were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. Hub genes were validated via the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis tool (GEPIA) and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) website.

Results
A total of 263 DEGs (167 upregulated and 96 downregulated) were common to the three datasets. We used STRING and Cytoscape software to establish the PPI network and then identified key modules. From the PPI network, 225 nodes and 803 edges were selected. The most significant module, which comprised 11 DEGs, was identified using the Molecular Complex Detection plugin. The top 20 hub genes, which were filtered by the CytoHubba plugin, comprised FN1, COL1A1, COL3A1, BGN, POSTN, FBN1, COL5A2, COL12A1, THBS2, COL6A3, VCAN, CDH11, MMP14, LTBP1, IGFBP5, ALB, CXCL12, FAP, MATN3, and COL8A1. These genes were validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype–Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases, and the encoded proteins were subsequently validated using the HPA website. The GO analysis results showed that the most significantly enriched biological process, cellular component, and molecular function terms among the 20 hub genes were cell adhesion, proteinaceous extracellular matrix, and calcium ion binding, respectively. The KEGG pathway analysis showed that the 20 hub genes were mainly enriched in ECM–receptor interaction, focal adhesion, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and protein digestion and absorption. These findings indicated that FBN1 and COL8A1 appear to be involved in the progression of PDAC. Moreover, patient survival analysis performed via the GEPIA using TCGA and GTEx databases demonstrated that the expression levels of COL12A1 and MMP14 were correlated with a poor prognosis in PDAC patients (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
The results demonstrated that upregulation of MMP14 and COL12A1 is associated with poor overall survival, and these might be a combination of prognostic biomarkers in PDAC.
Study of Patients with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome Undergoing Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery in a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Joshi Ajit K. , Konduskar Rasika D. , Kalita Krishangee 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To discuss preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative considerations and techniques for manual small incision cataract surgery in pseudoexfoliation (PXF) syndrome.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study was carried out in the ophthalmology department of a tertiary hospital from March 2019 to August 2019. Patients with cataract associated with PXF without glaucoma were included in this study. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic evaluation, including slit-lamp examination, tonometry, gonioscopy, and ophthalmoscopy before the surgery. Manual small incision cataract surgery(SICS) with posterior chamber intraocular lens were performed by a single surgeon who reported the intraoperative difficulties. Patients were followed up on day 1, day 7 and 1 month when they underwent visual acuity testing, IOP measurement and detailed slit-lamp examination.

Results:
Study included 25 eyes with PXF undergoing SICS. All cases were above 61 years of age, out of which 64% were females. Morphologically nuclear cataract (52%) was the most commonly observed. The most common intra-operative difficulty was poor pupillary dilation in 36% cases. One patient underwent anterior chamber intraocular lens (ACIOL) implantation and 1 patient underwent scleral fixated intraocular lens(SFIOL) implantation. There was no significant difference in the pre and post operative IOP, but post operative (1 month) intraocular pressure (IOP) was less than pre-op IOP (p=0.4). Post-operatively after 1 month 80% patients had best corrected visual acuity between 6/12 to 6/6. Majority of the patients (84%) had associated systemic illnesses like Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension and Parkinsonism.

Conclusion:
The present study highlights the importance of proper preoperative preparation, modification of the intraoperative techniques like sphincterotomy and close postoperative follow-up in cases of PXF syndrome undergoing manual SICS to achieve favorable visual outcomes.
Optic Nerve Head Parameters and Macular Thickness Analysis by Optical Coherence Tomography in Presenile Patients After Cataract Surgery
Authors: Sultana Nasima , Ahmed Sultana Jesmin , Hasan Kamal , Siddique Mir Alam , Baqtiyar Sheema , Hassan Md Yamin 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
This study aimed to investigate whether cataract surgery has got any effect on measurements of optic nerve head (ONH) parameters and central macular thickness (CMT) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in presenile patients.

Methods:
This study consisted of 18 women and 14 men aged 40-55 years having immature cataract with no previous history of ocular surgery, trauma, eye diseases, and ocular laser procedures. All patients underwent phacoemulsification surgery. Macular thickness and ONH analysis was performed by means of six radial scans centred on the optic disc (fast optic disc acquisition protocol). ONH parameters included rim area, cup area, disc area, cup/disc area ratio, and disc diameter. OCT measurements of operated eyes were done preoperatively, on postoperative day one, day 14, 6 weeks and 24 weeks after surgery using FMT and ONH protocol of OCT. SPSS v 15 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) software was used for the statistical analysis. FMT and ONH parameters were compared with the help of paired sample t – test.

Results:
The macular thickness after phacoemulsification (PHACO) was highest at 6 weeks with a mean value of221.06±24.36μm. This resolved to near normal value at 24 weeks with mean thickness of 195.73±21.62μm. While analyzing ONH parameters, rim area was 1.50 ± 0.38 mm2 preoperatively which increased significantly in 2nd week (1.67±0.42, p<0.05), 6th week (1.60±0.44, p<0.005) and 24th week (1.57±0.43, p<0.005). Cup area decreased significantly during the 2nd postoperative week (1.17±0.44mm2, p<0.005), 6th week (1.32±0.45mm2, p<0.005) and 24th week (1.31±0.45mm2, p<0.005) in comparison to preoperative value (1.53±0.60mm2, p<0.005). There was significant reduction of cup/disc area ratio after the cataract surgery during the 2nd week (0.40±0.14, p<0.005), 6th week (0.46±0.15, p<0.005) and 24th week (0.47±0.15, p<0.005) in comparison to the cup/disc area ratio prior to surgery (0.49±0.14). There was no statistically significant change in the disc diameter and disc area.

Conclusions:
Phacoemulsification surgery in presenile cataract causes progressive increase in macular thickness till 6th week which get resolved towards 24 weeks. It causes significant ONH changes with increase in the rim area, reduction in cup area and cup disc area ratio.
GC-MS Characterization of Unsweetened and Sweetened “Kunun-zaki” Beverage and Pulp
Authors: Efiong Esienanwan Esien , Nwaedozie Jonathan Maduka , Ubhenin Abraham Ehinomhen , Ndung Emmanuel Hala Kwon- 
Published: November 2020

Aims: To characterize unsweetened and sweetened “kunun-zaki” drink/pulp using GC-MS.
Study Design: The experimental groups were divided into four: unsweetened “kunun-zaki” drink, sweetened “kunun-zaki” drink, unsweetened “kunun-zaki” pulp and sweetened “kunun-zaki” pulp respectively.
Place of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State and Central Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Methodology: The processes involved sorting, cleaning, soaking, decanting, washing, milling, gelatinization, fermentation, and sieving. Unsweetened “kunun-zaki” beverage was made from millet, sorghum, soybean, dried sweet potatoes, germinated rice, ginger, and cloves. The same process was followed for the sweetened variety, with addition of dried dates. After sieving to collect “kunun-zaki” beverage, the remnant was the pulp. Hydrodistillation and Soxhlet apparatus were used to extract the essential oils, and fatty acids respectively. Fatty acid methyl esters of the samples were then analysed using GC-MS.
Results: The GC chromatogram identified three constituents in unsweetened “kunun-zaki” drink. The dominant constituents were 9,12-octadecadienenoic acid (z,)- (73.36%), and n-hexadecanoic acid (19.31%). Eleven compounds were identified in sweetened “kunun-zaki” drink. The most abundant was 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- 54.062%, followed by n-hexadecanoic acid (17.278%). Twenty-one peaks corresponding to eighteen compounds were detected in unsweetened “kunun-zaki” pulp. The dominant constituents were gingerol (20.262%), 1H-3a,7-methanoazulene,2,3,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,6,8,8-teramethyl-,[3R-(3α,3aβ,7 β,8aα)]- (19.925%), 2-Butanone,4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)- (15.59%), and cedrene (10.977%). For sweetened “kunun-zaki” pulp, four compounds were detected. The dominant compounds being 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (z,z)- (68.664%), n-hexadecanoic acid (18.654%), and oleic acid (10.199%).
Conclusion: The results showed safe fatty acid profile of all samples for different health status. Other components showed bioactivities with significant health benefits. This study identified compounds which validate the medicinal claims of “kunun-zaki.” This is the first documentation of GC-MS profiling of “kunun-zaki” parts.
In vitro Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 by Calcium Bentonite Clay Supplementation in Aflatoxigenic Mould Contaminated Feeds for Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Olokkaran Remisha , Mathew Saleena 
Published: November 2020

Aflatoxins are toxic, carcinogenic secondary metabolites mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus fungi that is often detected in food and agricultural commodities. Calcium bentonite clay has been used historically as an anti-caking agent and a feed binder and demonstrated the ability to bind aflatoxins. Feed samples were prepared for Nile tilapia to determineaflatoxin detoxification properties of calcium bentonite clay. 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% of this clay was incorporated into Aspergillus flavus contaminated feed and labeled as TF1, TF2, TF3, TF4, and TF5 respectively. The determination and quantification of aflatoxins produced by the fungus in the feed samples were carried out by HPTLC method. The RF values of all the feed samples were confirmed to be the presence of aflatoxin B1 and AFB2, G1 and G2 toxins were not found in any of the samples. Results from this study revealed that the calcium bentonite clay at 2% effectively reduced AFB1 toxin by its adsorption properties. Moreover, calcium bentonite clay improved water stability, water absorption rate with minimal disintegration and nutrients leaching of feed samples in water.