bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung cancer and intraocular metastasis in gestation: Clinical experiences of a rare case
Authors: Lin Lin , Sun Jing , Wang Jie 
Published: July 2020

Lung cancer in pregnancy combined with intraocular metastasis rarely occurs and has a poor prognosis. Here, we report an extremely rare case of a 31‐year‐old non‐smoking pregnant female who was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma with multiple metastasis including choroidal metastasis. Whole exon sequencing was performed but no appropriate therapeutic target was identified. The patient received standard pemetrexed plus carboplatin for first‐line treatment after delivery. Ophthalmic treatment including transpupillary thermotherapy and intravitreal ranibizumab injections were administered and the patient responded very well to treatment. Her visual acuity was restored, indicating systemic therapy combined with ophthalmic treatment was an appropriate choice of therapy.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyThe case reported here of a pregnant female diagnosed with lung cancer with choroidal metastasis highlights the aggressive characteristics of the disease.What this study addsSystemic therapy in combination with ocular therapy is an appropriate choice of treatment.
Mapping the construct and measurement of medication literacy: A scoping review
Authors: Pantuzza Laís Lessa Neiva , do Nascimento Elizabeth , Botelho Stephanie Ferreira , Martins Maria Auxiliadora Parreiras , de Souza Groia Veloso Ronara Camila , do Nascimento Mariana Martins Gonzaga , Vieira Liliana Batista , Reis Adriano Max Moreira 
Published: July 2020

AimTo systematically review the literature on definitions, tools and factors associated with medication literacy.MethodsWe searched on Medline, Lilacs, Cochrane, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, databases of theses/dissertations and the references of the selected studies. The screening was carried out by two independent researchers. Observational, experimental or methodological studies were eligible for inclusion. The tools were critically analysed and evaluated regarding the dimensions and statements on medication literacy.ResultsThirty‐five studies were included. Most were conducted in China and the United States, included adults and were published after 2010. Different terms were identified for literacy in the context of medication use and the most frequently used was “medication literacy”. Its definition varied, but “medication literacy” was generally defined as the individual ability to understand and act on medication‐related information. Twelve tools were identified. Most included only functional and numerical dimensions of literacy. No instrument covered all the essential statements on medication literacy. The tools had essential limitations in their development and measurement characteristics. Factors associated with medication literacy varied among studies, but the most frequent were age, education and inappropriate self‐medication.Conclusion“Medication literacy” is the recommended term for literacy in the context of medication use. Different definitions were identified, and the most comprehensive was the one proposed by Pouliot in 2018. The tools did not cover all the essential literacy skills for medication use and focused only on functional e numeracy domains. Sociodemographic characteristics and inappropriate self‐medication were the most common factors associated with medication literacy.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling of lisinopril in children: A case story of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
Authors: Xie Feifan , Van Bocxlaer Jan , Vermeulen An 
Published: July 2020

AimsLisinopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor to treat hypertension. It shows complex pharmacokinetics (PK), and its PK behaviour in paediatric populations is not well characterized. The aim of this study was to develop a physiologically based PK (PBPK) model for lisinopril to describe the drug's PK in children.MethodsThe PBPK model development was performed in a step‐wise manner. An adult model was initially developed to characterize lisinopril's disposition and absorption and verified using literature data. Subsequently, the adult PBPK model was extrapolated to the paediatric population (0.5–18 years old) by accounting for age‐dependent physiological and anatomical changes. Model performance was evaluated by comparing the PK profiles and drug exposures of observedvspredicted data.ResultsThe disposition of lisinopril was well described by a minimal PBPK model—an effective strategy to capture the biphasic elimination of the drug. The absorption of lisinopril was described by the intestinal peptide transporter‐mediated uptake. The adult model adequately described the literature data with predictions within a twofold range of clinical observations. Good model predictivity was also observed in children older than 6 years of age. The model overpredicted the drug exposure in children under 6 years, probably due to not incorporating the actual, unknown ontogeny of the intestinal peptide transporter.ConclusionsThe PBPK model predicted the PK of lisinopril in adults and children above 6 years of age well. Model refinement in children under 6 years warrants future informative ontogeny data of the intestinal peptide transporter.
Would they trust it? An exploration of psychosocial and environmental factors affecting prescriber acceptance of computerised dose‐recommendation software
Authors: Carland Jane E. , Elhage Tania , Baysari Melissa T. , Stocker Sophie L. , Marriott Deborah J.E. , Taylor Natalie , Day Richard O. 
Published: July 2020

AimsDose‐prediction software can optimise vancomycin therapy, improving therapeutic drug monitoring processes and reducing drug toxicity. Success of software in hospitals may be dependent on prescriber uptake of software recommendations. This study aimed to identify the perceived psychosocial and environmental barriers and facilitators to prescriber acceptance of dose‐prediction software.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews, incorporating prescribing scenarios, were undertaken with 17 prescribers. Participants were asked to prescribe the next maintenance dose of vancomycin for a scenario(s) and then asked if they would accept a recommendation provided by a dose‐prediction software. Interviews further explored opinions of dose‐prediction software. Interview transcripts were analysed using an inductive approach to identify themes and the Theoretical Domains Framework was used to synthesise barriers and facilitators to software acceptance.ResultsWhen presented with software recommendations, half of the participants were comfortable with accepting the recommendation. Key barriers to acceptance of software recommendations aligned with 2 Theoretical Domains Framework domains: Knowledge (uncertainty of software capability) and Beliefs about Consequences (perceived impact of software on clinical outcomes and workload). Key facilitators aligned with 2 domains: Beliefs about Consequences (improved efficiency) and Social Influences (influence of peers). A novel domain, Trust, was identified as influential.ConclusionPrescribers reported barriers to acceptance of dose‐prediction software aligned with limited understanding of, and scepticism about, software capabilities, as well as concerns about clinical outcomes. Identification of key barriers and facilitators to acceptance provides essential information to design of implementation strategies to support the introduction of this intervention into the workplace.
Molecular dynamics simulations provide molecular insights into the role of HLA‐B51 in Behçet's disease pathogenesis
Authors: Gur Mert , Golcuk Mert , Gul Ahmet , Erman Burak 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBehçet's disease is an inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. Genetic tendency has an important role in its pathogenesis, and HLA‐B51, a class I MHC antigen, has been recognized as the strongest susceptibility factor for Behçet's disease. Despite the confirmation of the association of HLA‐B51 with Behçet's disease in different populations, its pathogenic mechanisms remain elusive. HLA‐B51 differs in only two amino acids from HLA‐B52, other split antigen of HLA‐B5, which is not associated with Behçet's disease. These two amino acids are located in the B pocket of the antigen‐binding groove, which occupies the second amino acids of the bound peptides. To understand the nature of the HLA–peptide interactions, differences in structure and dynamics of two HLA alleles were investigated by molecular dynamics simulations using YAYDGKDYI, LPRSTVINI, and IPYQDLPHL peptides. For HLA‐B51, all bound peptides fluctuated to larger extent than HLA‐B52. Free energy profiles of unbinding process for YAYDGKDYI by steered molecular dynamics simulations showed that unbinding from HLA‐B52 results in greater free energy differences than HLA‐B51. These results suggest the possibility of an instability of HLA‐B51 associated with the repertoire of peptides, and this finding may provide significant insight to its pathogenic role in Behçet's disease.
Proposing novel MDM2 inhibitors: Combined physics‐driven high‐throughput virtual screening and in vitro studies
Authors: Aydin Gulsah , Paksoy Maide Nur , Orhan Müge Didem , Avsar Timucin , Yurtsever Mine , Durdagi Serdar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) protein acts as a negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor. It directly binds to the N terminus of p53 and promotes p53 ubiquitination and degradation. Since the most common p53‐suppressing mechanisms involve the MDM2, proposing novel inhibitors has been the focus of many in silico and also experimental studies. Thus, here we screened around 500,000 small organic molecules from Enamine database at the binding pocket of this oncogenic target. The screening was achieved systematically with starting from the high‐throughput virtual screening method followed by more sophisticated docking approaches. The initial high number of screened molecules was reduced to 100 hits which then were studied extensively for their therapeutic activity and pharmacokinetic properties using binary QSAR models. The structural and dynamical profiles of the selected molecules at the binding pocket of the target were studied thoroughly by all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations. The free energy of the binding of the hit molecules was estimated by the MM/GBSA method. Based on docking simulations, binary QSAR model results, and free energy calculations, 11 compounds (E1–E11) were selected for in vitro studies. HUVEC vascular endothelium, colon cancer, and breast cancer cell lines were used for testing the binding affinities of the identified hits and for further cellular effects on human cancer cell. Based on in vitro studies, six compounds (E1, E2, E5, E6, E9, and E11) in breast cancer cell lines and six compounds (E1, E2, E5, E6, E8, and E10) in colon cancer cell lines were found as active. Our results showed that these compounds inhibit proliferation and lead to apoptosis.
Behaviour management or institutionalised repression? Children’s experiences of physical restraint in custody
Authors: Shenton Felicity , Smith Roger 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article reports on a study of children's experiences of being physically restrained by staff in a range of custodial settings. The research was carried out in collaboration with a team of young researchers, and generated rich and insightful accounts of children's experiences of legitimised violence in the form of ‘restraint’. These lead us to reflect on whether this is a normal and justifiable feature of custody, or as oppressive and unacceptable to the extent that it represents a form of brutalisation, and an unnecessary, unjustifiable and repressive form of control, where the rights of children are routinely transgressed.
Defining appropriateness criteria for endoscopic sinus surgery in the management of adult dental implant patients with incidental maxillary sinus findings on conebeam computed tomography
Authors: Amin Nikul , Walker Abigail , Alobid Isam , Anari Shahram , Bast Florian , Bhalla Rajiv K. , Cathcart Russell , Harries Philip G. , Hathorn Iain , Philpott Carl M. , Ramakrishnan Yujay , Stew Benjamin , Surda Pavol , Ting Fiona , Hopkins Claire 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesConebeam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging is commonly requested by dental implant surgeons, preoperatively, for patients being considered for dental implants. Incidental maxillary sinus findings often result in otolaryngology (ENT) referral for further assessment.CBCT findings include transient and benign mucosal changes that may not require any intervention and therefore unnecessarily delay implant surgery.We aim to define appropriateness criteria for ESS in the management of adult dental implant patients with incidental maxillary sinus findings on CBCT and provide guidance to both dental implant and ENT surgeons.DesignThe RAND/UCLA appropriateness methodology was used to develop and define the appropriateness criteria.SettingA virtual panel of 13 international experts in ESS.ParticipantsThe expert panel completed two rounds of a modified Delphi ranking process for nine clinical scenarios, considering various factors affecting decision‐making processes.Main outcome measuresTo define appropriateness criteria for ESS in adult dental implant patients who have incidental maxillary sinus findings on CBCT.ResultsPatients with clinical symptoms and endoscopic findings of chronic rhinosinusitis together with an obstructed ostiomeatal complex (OMC) and concentric mucosal thickening of the ipsilateral maxillary sinus or pansinusitis were deemed appropriate candidates for ESS prior to their dental implant. ESS was not appropriate in asymptomatic patients with a patent OMC and mucosal thickening isolated to floor of the ipsilateral maxillary sinus.For uncertain scenarios, further discussion between dental implant and ENT surgeon should be considered.ConclusionsThis study has developed and reported a list of appropriateness criteria to offer ESS in adult dental implant patients with incidental maxillary sinus findings on CBCT.
Is that a pibu or a pibo? Children with reading and language deficits show difficulties in learning and overnight consolidation of phonologically similar pseudowords
Authors: Malins Jeffrey G. , Landi Nicole , Ryherd Kayleigh , Frijters Jan C. , Magnuson James S. , Rueckl Jay G. , Pugh Kenneth R. , Sevcik Rose , Morris Robin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWord learning is critical for the development of reading and language comprehension skills. Although previous studies have indicated that word learning is compromised in children with reading disability (RD) or developmental language disorder (DLD), it is less clear how word learning difficulties manifest in children with comorbid RD and DLD. Furthermore, it is unclear whether word learning deficits in RD or DLD include difficulties with offline consolidation of newly learned words. In the current study, we employed an artificial lexicon learning paradigm with an overnight design to investigate how typically developing (TD) children (N = 25), children with only RD (N = 93), and children with both RD and DLD (N = 34) learned and remembered a set of phonologically similar pseudowords. Results showed that compared to TD children, children with RD exhibited: (i) slower growth in discrimination accuracy for cohort item pairs sharing an onset (e.g. pibu‐pibo), but not for rhyming item pairs (e.g. pibu‐dibu); and (ii) lower discrimination accuracy for both cohort and rhyme item pairs on Day 2, even when accounting for differences in Day 1 learning. Moreover, children with comorbid RD and DLD showed learning and retention deficits that extended to unrelated item pairs that were phonologically dissimilar (e.g. pibu‐tupa), suggestive of broader impairments compared to children with only RD. These findings provide insights into the specific learning deficits underlying RD and DLD and motivate future research concerning how children use phonological similarity to guide the organization of new word knowledge.
The influence of an acute bout of moderate‐intensity cycling exercise on sensorimotor integration
Authors: Brown Katlyn E. , Neva Jason L. , Mang Cameron S. , Chau Briana , Chiu Larissa K. , Francisco Beatrice A. , Staines William R. , Boyd Lara A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAcute cycling exercise can modulate motor cortical circuitry in the non‐exercised upper‐limb. Within the primary motor cortex, measures of intracortical inhibition are reduced and intracortical facilitation is enhanced following acute exercise. Further, acute cycling exercise decreases interhemispheric inhibition between the motor cortices and lowers cerebellar‐to‐motor cortex inhibition. Yet, investigations into the effects of acute exercise on sensorimotor integration, referring to the transfer of incoming afferent information from the primary somatosensory cortex to motor cortex, are lacking. The current work addresses this gap in knowledge with two experimental sessions. In the first session, we tested the exercise‐induced changes in somatosensory and motor excitability by assessing somatosensory (SEP) and motor evoked potentials (MEPs). In the second session, we explored the effects of acute cycling exercise on short‐ (SAI) and long‐latency afferent inhibition (LAI), and afferent facilitation. In both experimental sessions, neurophysiological measures were obtained from the non‐exercised upper‐limb muscle, tested at two time points pre‐exercise separated by a 25‐min period of rest. Next, a 25‐min bout of moderate‐intensity lower‐limb cycling was performed with measures assessed at two time points post‐exercise. Acute lower‐limb cycling increased LAI, without modulation of SAI or afferent facilitation. Further, there were no exercise‐induced changes to SEP or MEP amplitudes. Together, these results suggest that acute exercise has unique effects on sensorimotor integration, which are not accompanied by concurrent changes in somatosensory or motor cortical excitability.
Asymmetric distribution of pallial‐expressed genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Messina Andrea , Boiti Alessandra , Vallortigara Giorgio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe left and right distribution of a set of twenty‐six genes in the zebrafish pallium was examined by RT‐qPCR experiments. The analysis comprised four general pallial markers (eomesa, emx2, emx3 and prox1); eight genes, dapper1, htr3a, htr3b, htr4, id2, ndr2, pkcβ and lmo4, that have been described as asymmetric distributed in the brain of mammals (human and mouse); six genes, arrb2, auts2, baiap2, fez1, gap43 and robo1, asymmetrically distributed in the mammalian cortex, that have been associated with autism in humans; and, eight genes, baz1b, fzd9, limk1, tubgcp5, cyfip1, grik1a, nipa1 and nipa2, which have been associated with developmental dyscalculia, a brain disability linked to brain laterality in humans. We found a leftward bias in the expression of 10 genes (dapper1, htr3a, htr3b, htr4, id2, ndr2, pkcß, auts2, baiap2 and grik1a) and a rightward bias for 5 genes (lmo4, arrb2, fez1, gap43, robo1) in agreement with the data reported in mammals. We also found a rightward lateralization for nipa1 and nipa2, whereas the remaining genes (eomesa, emx2, emx3, prox1, baz1b, cyfip1, fzd9, limk1 and tubgpc5) were bilaterally distributed. These findings suggest a basic homology in the asymmetric expression of several pallial vertebrate genes.
Workplace Policies and Perinatal Depressive Symptoms Among Low‐Income Single and Partnered Working Mothers
Authors: Newkirk Katie , Perry‐Jenkins Maureen , Laws Holly B. , Hien Michelle 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThis study examined associations between workplace policies and maternal depression in the context of mothers' relationship status and job characteristics.BackgroundThe associations between workplace policies and postpartum depressive symptoms may differ based on contextual factors that have received little attention in the literature. In this study, these questions are addressed in an understudied sample of low‐income working mothers.MethodParticipants included 95 employed, low‐income mothers who were recruited from prenatal classes in southern New England. Mothers' self‐reported data was collected at five time points from the third trimester of pregnancy through 12 months postpartum. Multilevel structural equation modeling was used to test all study hypotheses.ResultsLength of parental leave and negative spillover interacted to predict levels of depressive symptoms, such that longer leave mattered more in the context of high spillover. A moderated mediation was found, whereby schedule flexibility related to less of an increase in depressive symptoms for single mothers, whereas partnered mothers with greater schedule flexibility experienced an increase in spillover, with no net benefit to depression.ConclusionContextual factors, such as mothers' relationship status and the level of spillover on the job, can influence whether and how much different types of workplace policies can benefit maternal postpartum mental health.ImplicationsEmployers also may ease the transition back to work after parental leave by taking steps to minimize negative work‐to‐family spillover for new mothers. More work needs to be done to enable partnered mothers to experience the mental health benefits of schedule flexibility policies.
Association between dietary patterns and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Guangdong liver cancer cohort study
Authors: Luo Yun , Zhang Yao‐jun , Zhang Dao‐ming , Yishake Dinuerguli , Liu Zhao‐yan , Chen Min‐shan , Wang Fan , Zhou Zhong‐guo , Long Jing‐an , Zhong Rong‐huan , Chen Si , Lu Xiao‐ting , Li Shu‐yi , He Tong‐tong , Luo Yan , Fang Ai‐ping , Zhu Hui‐lian 
Published: July 2020

AimAdherence to dietary recommendations has been linked to a reduced risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and dying of chronic liver disease. However, its role in the prognosis of HCC is still unclear. We prospectively investigated the association of two dietary quality indices, the Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) and the Healthy Eating Index‐2015 (HEI‐2015), with all‐cause and HCC‐specific mortality in a large prospective cohort of HCC survivors.MethodsWe included 887 patients with newly diagnosed, previously untreated HCC enrolled in the Guangdong Liver Cancer Cohort (GLCC) between September 2013 and April 2017 in the analysis. CHEI and HEI‐2015 scores were calculated based on the dietary intake in the year before diagnosis of HCC. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each index.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 797 days, 389 deaths were identified, including 347 from HCC. Higher CHEI scores, reflecting favorable adherence to the 2016 Dietary Guidelines for Chinese, were associated with a lower risk of all‐cause mortality (T3 vs. T1: HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58–0.98) and HCC‐specific mortality (T3 vs. T1: HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56–0.98). Non‐significant, inverse associations of HEI‐2015 score with all‐cause mortality (T3 vs. T1: HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.67–1.11) and HCC‐specific mortality (T3 vs. T1: HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.71–1.21) were suggested.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that better adherence to the 2016 Dietary Guidelines for Chinese may reduce the risk of all‐cause and HCC‐specific mortality in patients with HCC.