bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of pain in patients with pituitary adenomas: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Dallel Sarah , Devoize Laurent , Tauveron Igor , Pereira Bruno , Clavelou Pierre , Maqdasy Salwan , Moisset Xavier , Dallel Radhouane 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study determines the prevalence and particularities of headache and pain with neuropathic characteristics (NC) in a large French group of patients with pituitary adenoma (PA).MethodsAnalysis of validated self‐administered questionnaires, radiological characteristics and treatment strategies of PA was performed.ResultsOf the 221 sent questionnaires, 146 could be used for statistical analysis, 50% of which were completed by women. Among responders, 58.9% had pain: 30.1% migraine, 15.7% pain with NC and 13.1% other types of pain. Migraine was more common in patients with PA than in the general population (30.1% vs. 21.3%, p = .010) and attacks received appropriate treatment for less than 20% of these patients. Furthermore, the prevalence of chronic migraine was much higher than in the general population (6.8% vs. 2.2%, p = .003). Neuropathic pain was also more frequent in PA patients than in the general population (15.8% vs. 6.9%, p < .001). Neuropathic pain was most often located in the extremities and was frequently described as an ‘electric shock’, ‘numbness’, or ‘pins‐and‐needles’. Multivariate analyses linked migraine to younger age, anxiety, pain with NC, and a visible tumour on MRI, regardless of its invasiveness or secretory nature.ConclusionsMigraine headaches and neuropathic pain are more frequent and disabling in PA patients than in the general population. Both types of pain are comorbid in PA patients and are poorly treated. Migraine is associated with the presence of a tumour. Thus, biological mechanisms of this relationship need to be characterized to design optimal treatments for these individuals.SignificanceMigraine headaches and neuropathic pain are more common in PA patients than in the general population and are generally poorly treated. A systematic screening for migraine should be done by physicians in daily practice to provide adequate therapeutics.
Synthesis and structural/electrochemical evaluation of N, S co‐doped activated porous carbon spheres as efficient electrode material for supercapacitors
Authors: Mehare Rupali S. , Chaturvedi Vikash , Shelke Manjusha V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMicrometer size activated porous carbon spheres doped with nitrogen and sulfur (NSAPC) are synthesized hydrothermally by using saccharose as the carbon precursor and l‐cysteine as the doping agent, followed by KOH activation. These doped porous carbon spheres possess a high specific surface area (SSA) and porosity (mainly microporous) suitable for efficient charge storage. Additionally, doping with nitrogen and sulfur significantly changes the surface chemistry. When tested as electrode material for supercapacitor, the co‐doped porous carbons outperformed the undoped carbon. NSAPC spheres show a high specific capacitance of 270 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g in 1 M H2SO4 and exhibit excellent charge‐discharge cycling stability over 5000 cycles. The enhanced electrochemical performance can be attributed to the combined effect of high specific surface area, presence of micro and mesopores along with nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms.
A deep learning approach to rapid regional post‐event seismic damage assessment using time‐frequency distributions of ground motions
Authors: Lu Xinzheng , Xu Yongjia , Tian Yuan , Cetiner Barbaros , Taciroglu Ertugrul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEvery year, earthquakes result in severe economic losses and a significant number of casualties worldwide. In limiting the losses that occur after these extreme events, timely and accurate assessment of seismic damages and mobilizing proportionate post‐event relief efforts play crucial roles. Traditional on‐site investigation generally results in prolonged evaluation windows. Several computational alternatives exist that show promise in addressing the downsides of the traditional approach. Damage estimates based on pre‐computed fragility libraries can provide near‐real time seismic damage quantification, but at present, they are coarse and involve considerable uncertainties. Estimates based on nonlinear time‐history analyses simulate the seismic response in greater detail, yet due to the computation and data requirements, their use at the regional scale is challenging. Given this perspective, herein, a rapid regional post‐event seismic damage assessment procedure based on convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed. In this approach, an inventory of buildings, anticipated ground motion datasets, and corresponding damage levels for a region are brought together into a scenario bank. The time‐frequency distribution graphs of the ground motions, which serve as detailed visual representations of their frequency‐domain as well as time‐domain features, are generated. These data are then used to train CNN models, which could predict the damage states. The proposed methodology is verified through two numerical studies—one for an individual building, and the other, regional case, involving the buildings in the Tsinghua University campus. The results confirm that the proposed method offers prediction results with sufficient accuracy in near real‐time.
Loss of Coordinated Neutrophil Responses to the Human Fungal Pathogen, Candida albicans, in Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Knooihuizen Sally A.I. , Alexander Natalie J. , Hopke Alex , Barros Nicolas , Viens Adam , Scherer Allison , Atallah Natalie J. , Dagher Zeina , Irimia Daniel , Chung Raymond T. , Mansour Michael K. 
Published: January 2021

Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cell in the body and are key participants in the defense against fungal infections. Fungal infections occur often in patients with cirrhosis and are associated with increased 30‐day and 90‐day mortality. Previous studies have shown that specific neutrophil functions are abnormal in patients with cirrhosis, although the extent of neutrophil dysfunction is not well understood. We tested the ability of neutrophils from 21 hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and 23 healthy control patients to kill Candida albicans, a common fungal pathogen in patients with cirrhosis. Using an assay, we also measured the ability of neutrophils to coordinate multicellular, synchronized control of C. albicans hyphae through a process known as swarming. We found that neutrophils from patients with cirrhosis have significantly decreased fungicidal capacity compared with healthy control neutrophils (53% vs. 74%, P < 0.0001) and diminished ability to control hyphal growth normalized as a ratio to healthy control (0.22 vs. 0.65, P < 0.0001). Moreover, serum from patients with cirrhosis decreases the ability of healthy control neutrophils to kill C. albicans (from 60% to 41%, P < 0.003). Circulating concentration of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin‐6, and interleukin‐8 were found to be significantly elevated in patients with cirrhosis compared to healthy controls. Following pretreatment with granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, neutrophil function was restored to almost that of healthy controls. Conclusion: Our data establish profound neutrophil dysfunction against, and altered swarming to, C. albicans in patients with cirrhosis. This dysfunction can be partially reversed with cytokine augmentation ex vivo.
Prognostic Value of the CLIF‐C AD Score in Patients With Implantation of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt
Authors: Sturm Lukas , Praktiknjo Michael , Bettinger Dominik , Huber Jan P. , Volkwein Lara , Schmidt Arthur , Kaeser Rafael , Chang Johannes , Jansen Christian , Meyer Carsten , Thomas Daniel , Thimme Robert , Trebicka Jonel , Schultheiß Michael 
Published: January 2021

Prognostic assessment of patients with liver cirrhosis allocated for implantation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a challenging task in clinical practice. The aim of our study was to assess the prognostic value of the CLIF‐C AD (Acute Decompensation) score in patients with TIPS implantation. Transplant‐free survival (TFS) and 3‐month mortality were reviewed in 880 patients who received de novo TIPS implantation for the treatment of cirrhotic portal hypertension. The prognostic value of the CLIF‐C AD score was compared with the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, Child‐Pugh score, and albumin‐bilirubin (ALBI) score using Harrell’s C concordance index. The median TFS after TIPS implantation was 40.0 (34.6‐45.4) months. The CLIF‐C AD score (c = 0.635 [0.609‐0.661]) was superior in the prediction of TFS in comparison to MELD score (c = 0.597 [0.570‐0.623], P = 0.006), Child‐Pugh score (c = 0.579 [0.552‐0.606], P < 0.001), and ALBI score (c = 0.573 [0.545‐0.600], P < 0.001). However, the CLIF‐C AD score did not perform significantly better than the MELD‐Na score (c = 0.626 [0.599‐0.653], P = 0.442). There were no profound differences in the scores’ ranking with respect to indication for TIPS implantation, stent type, or underlying liver disease. Subgroup analyses revealed that a CLIF‐C AD score >45 was a predictor of 3‐month mortality in the supposed low‐risk group of patients with a MELD score ≤12 (14.7% vs. 5.1%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The CLIF‐C AD score is suitable for prognostic assessment of patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension receiving TIPS implantation. In the prediction of TFS, the CLIF‐C AD score is superior to MELD score, Child‐Pugh score, and ALBI score but not the MELD‐Na score.
HnRNPA2B1 promotes the proliferation of breast cancer MCF‐7 cells via the STAT3 pathway
Authors: Gao Li‐Bin , Zhu Xin‐Le , Shi Jing‐Xian , Yang Ling , Xu Zhen‐Qiang , Shi Song‐Lin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHnRNPA2/B1 is highly expressed in many tumors. However, the role of hnRNPA2/B1 in breast cancer is not clear. In this study, we found the proliferation rate was decreased after knockout of hnRNPA2/B1 by CRISPR‐CAS9 in MCF‐7 cells, as demonstrated by the reduced expression of CDK4 and p‐AKT, and the increased expression of P27. Besides this, the western blot results showed that knockout of hnRNPA2/B1 increased the rate of apoptosis and declined autophagy. By in vivo assay, we found that knockout of hnRNPA2/B1 suppressed tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Immunohistochemical staining results confirmed knockout of hnRNPA2/B1 impaired tumor angiogenesis, as illustrated by downregulated expression of VEGF‐A. Besides this, interacting proteins with hnRNPA2/B1 were identified by mass spectrometry and the PPI network was constructed. GO analysis suggests that the Interacting proteins are mainly enriched in the Wnt signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor‐mediated signaling pathway, translation, and so on. We then identified hnRNPA2/B1 interacted with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), as supported by the colocalization of hnRNPA2/B1 and STAT3. Meanwhile, knockout of hnRNPA2/B1 inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3. Collectively, our results demonstrate that hnRNPA2/B1 promotes tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo by activating the STAT3 pathway, regulating apoptosis and autophagy.
Uromodulin aggravates renal tubulointerstitial injury through activation of the complement pathway in rats
Authors: Yu Li , Pei Fei , Sun Qiaoling , Shen Fei , Yang Xiangdong , Hu Zhao , Liu Maojing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUromodulin (Umod) is the most abundant constituent of urine in humans and exclusively found in the kidney tubular epithelium. However, the specific role of Umod in renal tubulointerstitial injury is yet to be understood. The present study was conducted with aim of investigating the potential therapeutic mechanism of Umod in the regulation of renal tubulointerstitial injury. Protein expression of Umod in renal tubular epithelial cells was measured with the conduction of Western blot analysis. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence assay were performed to detect the complement activation products and the activation products of surface deposition. The expression of C1q, C2, C4, B factor, C3, C5, H factor, CD46, CD55, C3aR, and C5aR were determined with the use of reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. Subsequently, the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rat model was established. Renal tubulointerstitial injury was assessed with the application of hematoxylin–eosin staining and Masson staining in rats. UUO rats and normal rats were injected with si‐NC or si‐Umod and complement inhibitor. UUO rats were observed to have serious impairment of kidney tubule, renal tubular dilation, and epithelial atrophy, with downregulated Umod and activated complement pathway. Silencing of Umod resulted in the activation of complement system while promoting interstitial fibrosis in renal tubules. Moreover, addition of complement inhibitor significantly alleviated the renal tubule injury and fibrosis. Collectively, our study suggests that silencing of Umod mediates the complement pathway, exacerbating renal tubulointerstitial injury in rats, which provides insight into the development of novel therapeutic agents for renal tubulointerstitial injury.
Osteoprotegerin is sensitive to actomyosin tension in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts
Authors: Tamashunas Andrew C. , Katiyar Aditya , Zhang Qiao , Purkayastha Purboja , Singh Pankaj K. , Chukkapalli Sasanka S. , Lele Tanmay P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPeriodontal ligament fibroblasts (PdLFs) are an elongated cell type in the periodontium with matrix and bone regulatory functions which become abnormal in periodontal disease (PD). Here we found that the normally elongated and oriented PdLF nucleus becomes rounded and loses orientation in a mouse model of PD. Using in vitro micropatterning of cultured primary PdLF cell shape, we show that PdLF elongation correlates with nuclear elongation and the presence of thicker, contractile F‐actin fibers. The rounded nuclei in mouse PD models in vivo are, therefore, indicative of reduced actomyosin tension. Inhibiting actomyosin contractility by inhibiting myosin light chain kinase, Rho kinase or myosin ATPase activity, in cultured PdLFs each consistently reduced messenger RNA levels of bone regulatory protein osteoprotegerin (OPG). Infection of cultured PdLFs with two different types of periodontal bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum) failed to recapitulate the observed nuclear rounding in vivo, upregulated nonmuscle myosin II phosphorylation and downregulated OPG. Collectively, our results add support to the hypothesis that PdLF contractility becomes decreased and contributes to disease progression in PD.
Brain tumor detection and multi‐classification using advanced deep learning techniques
Authors: Sadad Tariq , Rehman Amjad , Munir Asim , Saba Tanzila , Tariq Usman , Ayesha Noor , Abbasi Rashid 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA brain tumor is an uncontrolled development of brain cells in brain cancer if not detected at an early stage. Early brain tumor diagnosis plays a crucial role in treatment planning and patients' survival rate. There are distinct forms, properties, and therapies of brain tumors. Therefore, manual brain tumor detection is complicated, time‐consuming, and vulnerable to error. Hence, automated computer‐assisted diagnosis at high precision is currently in demand. This article presents segmentation through Unet architecture with ResNet50 as a backbone on the Figshare data set and achieved a level of 0.9504 of the intersection over union (IoU). The preprocessing and data augmentation concept were introduced to enhance the classification rate. The multi‐classification of brain tumors is performed using evolutionary algorithms and reinforcement learning through transfer learning. Other deep learning methods such as ResNet50, DenseNet201, MobileNet V2, and InceptionV3 are also applied. Results thus obtained exhibited that the proposed research framework performed better than reported in state of the art. Different CNN, models applied for tumor classification such as MobileNet V2, Inception V3, ResNet50, DenseNet201, NASNet and attained accuracy 91.8, 92.8, 92.9, 93.1, 99.6%, respectively. However, NASNet exhibited the highest accuracy.
A review of liquid silicone rubber injection molding: Process variables and process modeling
Authors: Bont Matthew , Barry Carol , Johnston Stephen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLiquid silicone rubber (LSR) is an elastomer molded into critical performance components for applications in medical, power, consumer, automotive, and aerospace applications. This article reviews process behavior, material modeling, and simulation of the (LSR) injection molding process. Each phase of the LSR injection molding process is discussed, including resin handling, plastication, injection, pack and hold, and curing; and factors affecting the molding process are reviewed. Processing behavior of LSR is marked by transient interactions between curing, shear rate, temperature, pressure, and tooling. Therefore, current LSR models for curing, viscosity, pressure, and temperature are discussed. Process dynamics and material modeling are combined in LSR injection molding simulations with applications in mold design, troubleshooting process‐induced defects, and management of shear stress and non‐uniform temperatures between LSR and substrates during overmolding. Finally, case studies using commercial simulation software are presented, which have shown cavity pressure and flow front advancement within 3% of experimental values. Optimization of LSR materials, data collection, model fitting, venting, and bonding remain areas of continued interest.
Structure‐Property Relationships of ETNC and Its Salts Compared with PETNC and Its Salts
Authors: Zhou Shengren , Dong Zhen , Yang Rui , Wang Xieyang , Ye Zhiwen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTwo energetic compounds, erythritol tetranitrocarbamate (ETNC) and pentaerythritol tetranitrocarbamate (PETNC), and their salts, were synthesized in three steps, characterized and compared. All synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, DSC and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. Four compounds were further investigated by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. All nonmetal salts show extremely low mechanical sensitivity (IS≥30 J; FS≥360 N). The heats of formation were calculated using Gaussian 09, and the detonation performances were calculated using EXPLO 5. Although these nonmetal salts are lower than the neutral compounds ETNC (D: 7960 m s−1, P: 27.4 GPa) and PETNC (D: 7629 m s−1, P: 24.3 GPa), they possess high detonation performances that are better than TNT. Erythritol‐based and corresponding pentaerythritol‐based energetic materials were compared in terms of their thermostability, detonation velocity and detonation pressure. They were also compared in their respective series. ETNC and PETNC and their salts have short preparation steps and are easy to isolate in high yields, and thus have promising potential applications as explosives.
Tropical Lagrangians in toric del-Pezzo surfaces
Authors: Hicks Jeffrey 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe look at how one can construct from the data of a dimer model a Lagrangian submanifold in $$(\mathbb {C}^*)^n$$

(

C

∗

)

n

whose valuation projection approximates a tropical hypersurface. Each face of the dimer corresponds to a Lagrangian disk with boundary on our tropical Lagrangian submanifold, forming a Lagrangian mutation seed. Using this we find tropical Lagrangian tori $$L_{T^2}$$

L

T
2

in the complement of a smooth anticanonical divisor of a toric del-Pezzo whose wall-crossing transformations match those of monotone SYZ fibers. An example is worked out for the mirror pair $$(\mathbb {CP}^2{\setminus } E, W), {\check{X}}_{9111}$$

(

CP

2

\
E
,
W
)

,

X
ˇ

9111

. We find a symplectomorphism of $$\mathbb {CP}^2{\setminus } E$$

CP

2

\
E

interchanging $$L_{T^2}$$

L

T
2

and a SYZ fiber. Evidence is provided that this symplectomorphism is mirror to fiberwise Fourier–Mukai transform on $${\check{X}}_{9111}$$

X
ˇ

9111

.
Konzeption des longitudinalen DYNAMIK-Curriculums
Authors: Nikendei C. , Dinger U. , Dück J. , Ehrenthal J. C. , Storck T. , Taubner S. , Friederich H.‑C. , Schauenburg H. , Schultz J.-H. , Montan I. 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDurch die Einführung des neuen „Psychotherapiestudiums“ zum Herbst 2020 und die Wünsche bisheriger Ausbildungsteilnehmer an psychotherapeutischen Ausbildungsinstituten ist die Notwendigkeit gegeben, erfahrungsbasierte und kompetenzorientierte Lehre in das zukünftige Studium und die nachfolgende Weiterbildung werdender Psychotherapeuten zu integrieren.Material und MethodeOrientiert am Kern-Zyklus, einem bedeutenden Modell zur Curriculumsentwicklung, werden die Entwicklung, Konzeptionalisierung und Implementierung eines longitudinalen Curriculums zur Vermittlung psychodynamischer Interventionskompetenzen (DYNAMIK-Curriculum) in die derzeitige Ausbildung zum psychologischen Psychotherapeuten vorgestellt.ErgebnisseEs wurde ein longitudinales Curriculum mit 8 Modulen zur Vermittlung allgemeiner und spezifischer psychodynamischer Interventionskompetenzen mithilfe von Peer-Rollenspielen und standardisierten Patienten entwickelt. Dieses stellt seit Mitte 2019 einen integralen Bestandteil der Ausbildung zum tiefenpsychologisch fundierten Psychotherapeuten am Heidelberger Institut für Psychotherapie (HIP) dar.SchlussfolgerungDas DYNAMIK-Curriculum ist der erste wichtige Schritt in Richtung der longitudinalen erfahrungsorientieren, praxisnahen Kompetenzorientierung in der derzeitigen Ausbildung und dem zukünftigen Studium mit nachfolgender Weiterbildung von psychologischen Psychotherapeuten. Es resultiert die Notwendigkeit zur Wirksamkeitsüberprüfung solcher Curricula und zur praktischen Prüfung von Interventionskompetenzen.
Olfactory bulb granule cells: specialized to link coactive glomerular columns for percept generation and discrimination of odors
Authors: Egger Veronica , Kuner Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe role of granule cells in olfactory processing is surrounded by several enigmatic observations, such as the purpose of reciprocal spines and the mechanisms for GABA release, the apparently low firing activity and recurrent inhibitory drive of granule cells, the missing proof for functional reciprocal connectivity, and the apparently negligible contribution to lateral inhibition. Here, we summarize recent results with regard to both the mechanisms of GABA release and the behavioral relevance of granule cell activity during odor discrimination. We outline a novel hypothesis that has the potential to resolve most of these enigmas and allows further predictions on the function of granule cells in odor processing. Briefly, recent findings imply that GABA release from the reciprocal spine requires a local spine action potential and the cooperative action of NMDA receptors and high voltage-activated Ca2+ channels. Thus, lateral inhibition is conditional on activity in the principal neurons connected to a granule cell and tightly intertwined with recurrent inhibition. This notion allows us to infer that lateral inhibition between principal neurons occurs “on demand,” i.e., selectively on coactive mitral and tufted cells, and thus can provide directed, dynamically switched lateral inhibition in a sensory system with 1000 input channels organized in glomerular columns. The mechanistic underpinnings of this hypothesis concur with findings from odor discrimination behavior in mice with synaptic proteins deleted in granule cells. In summary, our hypothesis explains the unusual microcircuit of the granule cell reciprocal spine as a means of olfactory combinatorial coding.