bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epilogue
Authors: Wangmo Tenzin , Ienca Marcello 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias afflict millions of older adults worldwide. The global prevalence of dementia is placing a high financial and caregiving burden on both individual families and the healthcare systems. The silent global epidemic of dementia calls for urgent measures to alleviate this global burden and for improving the delivery of effective care services for patients in need and their families. Achieving this goal will require a coordinated multilevel effort involving (a) advances in basic science aimed at cracking the pathological conundrum of AD and casting light on its etiology, (b) generating innovative pharmacological solutions aimed at mitigating—and possibly reversing—its symptoms, and (c) developing technological solutions that can assist people with dementia and their families, improve their quality of life, and facilitate and ameliorate the delivery of healthcare services. This book shows, however, that the future of dementia care in the digital era will be dependent not only on technology development but also on fundamental ethical considerations, unavoidable societal discussions, well-calibrated regulatory interventions, and adaptive governance frameworks.
Mysterious Cause of Respiratory Failure and Multilobar Atelectasis in a 17-Month-Old Male
Authors: Davis Gerrit W , Lockett Casey J , Charny Grigory 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA 17-month-old male presented to a community hospital emergency department in respiratory distress suggestive of reactive airway exacerbation or pneumonia. He rapidly deteriorated into fulminant respiratory failure with multilobar atelectasis. He was managed with continuous albuterol, intravenous antibiotics, corticosteroids, intubation, and vasopressors. He was then transported to a tertiary Children’s Hospital. The patient was extubated 20 hours after presentation and again developed respiratory failure while in the pediatric intensive care unit. During preparation for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, he quickly stabilized following reintubation and bronchodilator therapy. He was extubated approximately 24 hours later, and subsequently discharged after a 9-day hospitalization. Outpatient investigation after discharge revealed dysphagia, milk allergy, and eosinophilic esophagitis. In this case, it is highly probable that aspiration secondary to dysphagia and eosinophilic esophagitis led to respiratory failure. This case demonstrates the possible rapid decompensation from aspiration due to insidious inflammation of the esophagus and dysphagia in an otherwise anatomically normal toddler.
Non-linear matter power spectrum without screening dynamics modelling in f(R) gravity
Authors: Ruan Cheng-Zong , Zhang Tong-Jie , Hu Bin 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Halo model is a physically intuitive method for modelling the non-linear power spectrum, especially for the alternatives to the standard ΛCDM models. In this paper, we examine the Sheth–Tormen barrier formula adopted in the previous CHAM method. As an example, we model the ellipsoidal collapse of top-hat dark matter haloes in f(R) gravity. A good agreement between Sheth–Tormen formula and our result is achieved. The relative difference in the ellipsoidal collapse barrier is less than or equal to $1.6{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. Furthermore, we verify that, for F4 and F5 cases of Hu–Sawicki f(R) gravity, the screening mechanism does not play a crucial role in the non-linear power spectrum modelling up to k ∼ 1 h Mpc−1. We compare two versions of modified gravity modelling, namely with/without screening. We find that by treating the effective Newton constant as constant number, Geff = 4/3GN is acceptable. The scale dependence of the gravitational coupling is subrelevant. The resulting spectra in F4 and F5, are in $0.1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ agreement with the previous CHAM results. The published code is accelerated significantly. Finally, we compare our halo model prediction with N-body simulation. We find that the general spectrum profile agrees, qualitatively. However, via the halo model approach, there exists a systematic underestimation of the matter power spectrum in the comoving wavenumber range between 0.3 and 3 h Mpc−1. These scales are overlapping with the transition scales from two-halo term dominated regimes to those of one-halo term dominated regimes.
Stellar atmospheric parameters of FGK-type stars from high-resolution optical and near-infrared CARMENES spectra
Authors: Marfil E , Tabernero H M , Montes D , Caballero J A , Soto M G , González Hernández J I , Kaminski A , Nagel E , Jeffers S V , Reiners A , Ribas I , Quirrenbach A , Amado P J 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
With the purpose of assessing classic spectroscopic methods on high-resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio spectra in the near-infrared wavelength region, we selected a sample of 65 F-, G-, and K-type stars observed with CARMENES, the new, ultra-stable, double-channel spectrograph at the 3.5 m Calar Alto telescope. We computed their stellar atmospheric parameters (Teff, log g, ξ, and [Fe/H]) by means of the stepar code, a python implementation of the equivalent width method that employs the 2017 version of the moog code and a grid of MARCS model atmospheres. We compiled four Fe i and Fe ii line lists suited to metal-rich dwarfs, metal-poor dwarfs, metal-rich giants, and metal-poor giants that cover the wavelength range from 5300 to 17 100 Å, thus substantially increasing the number of identified Fe i and Fe ii lines up to 653 and 23, respectively. We examined the impact of the near-infrared Fe i and Fe ii lines upon our parameter determinations after an exhaustive literature search, placing special emphasis on the 14 Gaia benchmark stars contained in our sample. Even though our parameter determinations remain in good agreement with the literature values, the increase in the number of Fe i and Fe ii lines when the near-infrared region is taken into account reveals a deeper Teff scale that might stem from a higher sensitivity of the near-infrared lines to Teff.
Subaru FOCAS IFU observations of two z $\boldsymbol{\approx}$ 0.12 strong-lensing elliptical galaxies from SDSS MaNGA
Authors: Smith Russell J , Collier William P , Ozaki Shinobu , Lucey John R 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We present new observations of two $z$ = 0.12 strong-lensing elliptical galaxies, originally discovered from the SDSS-IV MaNGA survey, using the new FOCAS IFU spectrograph on the Subaru Telescope. For J1436+4943, our observations confirm the identification of this system as a multiple-image lens, in a cusp configuration, with an Einstein radius θEin = 2.0 arcsec. For J1701+3722, the improved data confirm earlier hints of a complex source plane, with different configurations evident in different emission lines. The new observations reveal a previously unseen inner counter-image to the [O iii] arc found from MaNGA, leading to a smaller revised Einstein radius of θEin = 1.6 arcsec. The inferred projected masses within the Einstein apertures (3.7–4.7 kpc) are consistent with being dominated by stars with an initial mass function (IMF) similar to that of the Milky Way, and a dark matter contribution of ∼35 per cent as supported from cosmological simulations. These results are consistent with ‘pure lensing’ analyses of lower redshift lenses, but contrast with claims for heavier IMFs from combined lensing and dynamical studies of more distant early-type galaxies.
Snake Recombination Landscapes Are Concentrated in Functional Regions despite PRDM9
Authors: Schield Drew R , Pasquesi Giulia I M , Perry Blair W , Adams Richard H , Nikolakis Zachary L , Westfall Aundrea K , Orton Richard W , Meik Jesse M , Mackessy Stephen P , Castoe Todd A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Meiotic recombination in vertebrates is concentrated in hotspots throughout the genome. The location and stability of hotspots have been linked to the presence or absence of PRDM9, leading to two primary models for hotspot evolution derived from mammals and birds. Species with PRDM9-directed recombination have rapid turnover of hotspots concentrated in intergenic regions (i.e., mammals), whereas hotspots in species lacking PRDM9 are concentrated in functional regions and have greater stability over time (i.e., birds). Snakes possess PRDM9, yet virtually nothing is known about snake recombination. Here, we examine the recombination landscape and test hypotheses about the roles of PRDM9 in rattlesnakes. We find substantial variation in recombination rate within and among snake chromosomes, and positive correlations between recombination rate and gene density, GC content, and genetic diversity. Like mammals, snakes appear to have a functional and active PRDM9, but rather than being directed away from genes, snake hotspots are concentrated in promoters and functional regions—a pattern previously associated only with species that lack a functional PRDM9. Snakes therefore provide a unique example of recombination landscapes in which PRDM9 is functional, yet recombination hotspots are associated with functional genic regions—a combination of features that defy existing paradigms for recombination landscapes in vertebrates. Our findings also provide evidence that high recombination rates are a shared feature of vertebrate microchromosomes. Our results challenge previous assumptions about the adaptive role of PRDM9 and highlight the diversity of recombination landscape features among vertebrate lineages.
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation mediates early phase histone eviction at DNA lesions
Authors: Yang Guang , Chen Yibin , Wu Jiaxue , Chen Shih-Hsun , Liu Xiuhua , Singh Anup Kumar , Yu Xiaochun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Nucleosomal histones are barriers to the DNA repair process particularly at DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, the molecular mechanism by which these histone barriers are removed from the sites of DNA damage remains elusive. Here, we have generated a single specific inducible DSB in the cells and systematically examined the histone removal process at the DNA lesion. We found that histone removal occurred immediately following DNA damage and could extend up to a range of few kilobases from the lesion. To examine the molecular mechanism underlying DNA damage-induced histone removal, we screened histone modifications and found that histone ADP-ribosylation was associated with histone removal at DNA lesions. PARP inhibitor treatment suppressed the immediate histone eviction at DNA lesions. Moreover, we examined histone chaperones and found that the FACT complex recognized ADP-ribosylated histones and mediated the removal of histones in response to DNA damage. Taken together, our results reveal a pathway that regulates early histone barrier removal at DNA lesions. It may also explain the mechanism by which PARP inhibitor regulates early DNA damage repair.
Support for smoke-free public places among adults in four countries in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Mamudu Hadii M , Owusu Daniel , Asare Bossman , Williams Faustine , Asare Matthew , Oke Adekunle , Poole Amy , Osedeme Fenose , Ouma Ogwell A E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction
There is no known safe level of secondhand smoke exposure; yet, less than 30% of the global population is covered by comprehensive smoke-free policies as of 2016 and there are few smoke-free policies in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study examines the support for smoke-free public places in SSA and delineates their correlates.

Methods
Data collected through the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2012–2017) were analyzed using SAS for descriptive and multivariable analyses, with a significance level set at p &lt; .05.

Results
No SSA country had comprehensive smoke-free policies, defined as a prohibition of smoking in eight public places. In the four countries whose Global Adult Tobacco Survey data were analyzed (Nigeria, Cameroon, Kenya, and Uganda), support for the prohibition of smoking in public places was over 90% in all eight public places except bars. Support for smoking prohibition in bars was 65.8%, 81.1%, 81.4%, and 91.0% in Nigeria, Cameroon, Kenya, and Uganda, respectively. Factors associated with support for smoke-free bars differed across the four countries, but in all countries, current smokers had decreased odds of support for smoke-free bars. Knowledge of secondhand smoke harm and living in smoke-free homes were associated with increased odds of support for smoke-free bars in all countries except Kenya.

Conclusion
The high support for smoke-free public places should inform the efforts of the public health community and policymakers in these four SSA countries toward meeting their obligations of Article 8 of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC).

Implications
Much of the population in SSA is not protected by comprehensive smoke-free policies. It was found that the overwhelming majority of adults in four large countries in SSA support the prohibition of smoking in public places and that knowledge of the health dangers of smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke and home smoking rules increased support for the prohibition. High support for the prohibition of smoking in these four SSA countries suggests tobacco control proponents should advocate for comprehensive smoke-free policies.
Body esteem, weight-control outcome expectancies, and e-cigarette use among young adults
Authors: Pokhrel Pallav , Bennett Brooke L , Boushey Carol J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Evidence is still scarce regarding the use of e-cigarettes by young people for weight-control reasons. This study aimed to test a model in which the prospective association between negative body esteem and e-cigarette use is mediated by weight-control outcome expectancies for e-cigarette use. The model was tested across genders.

Methods
Data were collected at three time points, 6 months apart, from 2327 young adults (mean age = 21.2; SD = 2.2; 54% women). Self-reported data were collected on demographics, body mass index, body esteem, weight-control outcome expectancies for e-cigarette use, and current e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking.

Results
Among women, we found a significant indirect effect of lower body esteem on higher likelihood of current e-cigarette use 1 year later, mediated by higher weight-control outcome expectancies at 6-month follow-up, adjusting for demographics, body mass index, and baseline e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking. Among men, body esteem was not found to have significant effect on either weight-control expectancies or e-cigarette use.

Conclusions
Based on the current findings, young adult women who have higher negative body esteem are at increased risk for using e-cigarettes for weight-control motives.

Implications
The current findings are some of the first to show prospective associations among weight-control motives and e-cigarette use among young adults. These findings suggest that a group of vulnerable young women may be using e-cigarettes to lose or control weight. More research is needed to understand their choice of flavors, nicotine concentration, and device type. In addition, research is needed to understand whether e-cigarettes are being marketed, directly or indirectly, as being useful for weight loss or control. There may be a need for health promotion strategies that provide healthier alternatives to young women struggling with low body esteem who use e-cigarettes for weight loss or control.
Skin bioengineering in the diagnosis of occupational protein contact dermatitis
Authors: Alfonso J H , Afanou A K , Holm J-Ø , Stylianou E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Protein contact dermatitis (PCD) often presents as chronic hand eczema (CHE) with an immediate hypersensitivity to protein proved by a positive skin prick test or by the presence of specific immunoglobulin E. This is frequently induced by occupational exposure to proteins in food workers, farmers, animal breeders, veterinarians and healthcare professionals. While skin barrier impairment is crucial in the pathogenesis of PCD, methods to assess skin barrier function such as trans-epidermal water loss and stratum corneum hydration are not widely used in clinical settings. We describe the diagnostic workup of occupational PCD due to Argentinean shrimps and discuss how the use of skin bioengineering methods including assessment of corneocytes morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy provides with insightful information on skin barrier function. Diagnosis of PCD is time-consuming and a multidisciplinary team contributes to early diagnosis and proper occupational rehabilitation.
Self-reported prevalence of sleep disorders among medical and nursing students
Authors: Belingheri M , Pellegrini A , Facchetti R , De Vito G , Cesana G , Riva M A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Sleep disorders are highly prevalent among university students. In particular, the symptoms of sleep disorders are more prevalent among healthcare students.

Aims
To assess the prevalence of risk factors of insomnia and sleep disorders and to examine the correlations between them among nursing and medical students. We also compared the effects of shift work during internship.

Methods
The sample was 417 healthcare students; 202 of them were nursing students, and the remaining 215 were medical students. We used a self-administered questionnaire to assess the risk factors for insomnia (i.e. age, BMI, tobacco consumption, physical activity and perceived stress, using the General Health Questionnaire-12). We also used the Sleep and Daytime Habits Questionnaire and Epworth Sleepiness Scale to assess the prevalence of sleep disorders and daytime sleepiness.

Results
A higher percentage of nursing students than medical students were aged 25 years or older, engaged in inadequate levels of physical activity and consumed tobacco. With the exception of tobacco consumption among nursing students, high scores on the GHQ-12 were the only risk factor associated with daytime and nighttime symptoms and poor sleep quality. There was no significant association between the symptoms of sleep disorders and shift work including night shifts.

Conclusions
Since sleep disorders are highly prevalent among healthcare students, early detection and management is recommended. This will decrease the risk of harm to students and patients, due to medical mistakes.
Risk Factors for Herpes Zoster Infection: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Marra Fawziah , Parhar Kamalpreet , Huang Bill , Vadlamudi Nirma 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The burden of herpes zoster (HZ) is significant worldwide, with millions affected and the incidence rising. Current literature has identified some risk factors for this disease; however, there is yet to be a comprehensive study that pools all evidence to provide estimates of risk. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify various risk factors, excluding immunosuppressive medication, that may predispose an individual to developing HZ.

Methods
The literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central, yielding case control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies that were pooled from January 1966 to September 2017. Search terms included the following: zoster OR herpe* OR postherpe* OR shingle* AND risk OR immunosupp* OR stress OR trauma OR gender OR ethnicity OR race OR age OR diabetes OR asthma OR chronic obstructive pulmonary disease OR diabetes. Risk ratios (RRs) for key risk factors were calculated via natural logarithms and pooled using random-effects modeling.

Results
From a total of 4417 identified studies, 88 were included in analysis (N = 3, 768 691 HZ cases). Immunosuppression through human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (RR = 3.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.40–4.33) or malignancy (RR = 2.17; 95% CI, 1.86–2.53) significantly increased the risk of HZ compared with controls. Family history was also associated with a greater risk (RR = 2.48; 95% CI, 1.70–3.60), followed by physical trauma (RR = 2.01; 95% CI, 1.39–2.91) and older age (RR = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.37–1.97). A slightly smaller risk was seen those with psychological stress, females, and comorbidities such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, renal disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and inflammatory bowel disease compared with controls (RR range, 2.08–1.23). We found that black race had lower rates of HZ development (RR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.56–0.85).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated a number of risk factors for development of HZ infection. However, many of these characteristics are known well in advance by the patient and clinician and may be used to guide discussions with patients for prevention by vaccination.
The Rationale and Purposes of Criminal Law and Punishment in Transitional Contexts
Authors: Maculan Elena , Gil Gil Alicia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Recently, the idea that criminal sanctions should be seen as an essential mechanism within transitional justice for dealing with collective violence has gained increasing traction. The article focuses on the purposes of criminal law and punishment, and what they can achieve in relation to victims and society in transitional contexts. As to victims, it proposes a reorientation of the victim-oriented theories of punishment towards consequentalism and the adoption of a wider concept of justice. As to society, it argues that in transitional contexts the main purpose is positive general prevention. Under both perspectives, the conclusion is that victims’ interests should be weighed up against other social aims and that a flexible approach to the prosecution and/or punishment of offenders should be permitted, in the search for the best optimum means possible to guarantee the ultimate aim of the maintenance of social order.
Wordsworth’s Levelling Muse: Reflective Spatiality in ‘Home at Grasmere’
Authors: Raven Andrew 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article is about Wordsworth’s ‘Home at Grasmere’, about ‘reflection’ as a central concept around which Wordsworth’s poetry turns, and about a range of texts in which that concept of reflection is prefigured. I argue that, throughout his drafts for ‘Home at Grasmere’, Wordsworth’s concern with ‘reflective spatiality’ bespeaks his negotiation of a new epic register: images of reflection, inversion, mirroring, and reversal are all part of Wordsworth’s attempt to justify his interest in the quotidian, the terrestrial, and the human. The article begins with a discussion of the philosophical implications of reflection. Then, paying particular attention to the extant manuscripts for ‘Home at Grasmere’, I move into an analysis of the poetic language in which those ideas are invoked. What emerges is an understanding of reflection as a central image in the poem, but one that sits uneasily with Wordsworth’s epic ambitions for The Recluse.
How Do Foreclosures Exacerbate Housing Downturns?
Authors: Guren Adam M , McQuade Timothy J 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article uses a structural model to show that foreclosures played a crucial role in exacerbating the recent housing bust and to analyse foreclosure mitigation policy. We consider a dynamic search model in which foreclosures freeze the market for non-foreclosures and reduce price and sales volume by eroding lender equity, destroying the credit of potential buyers, and making buyers more selective. These effects cause price-default spirals that amplify an initial shock and help the model fit both national and cross-sectional moments better than a model without foreclosure. When calibrated to the recent bust, the model reveals that the amplification generated by foreclosures is significant: ruined credit and choosey buyers account for 25.4% of the total decline in non-distressed prices and lender losses account for an additional 22.6%. For policy, we find that principal reduction is less cost-effective than lender equity injections or introducing a single seller that holds foreclosures off the market until demand rebounds. We also show that policies that slow down the pace of foreclosures can be counterproductive.