bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network-Specific Corticothalamic Dysconnection in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Hua Mao-Hsiu , Chen Yen-Ling , Chen Mu-Hong , Huang Kai-Lin , Hsu Ju-Wei , Bai Ya-Mei , Tsai Shih-Jen , Wu Yu-Te 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT:

Background:
Functional connectivity (FC) is believed to be abnormal in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Most studies have focused on frontostriatal systems, and the role of the thalamic network in ADHD remains unclear. The current study used FC magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) to explore corticothalamic network properties and correlated network dysconnection with ADHD symptom severity.

Methods:
Eighteen adolescents with ADHD and 16 healthy controls aged 12 to 17 years underwent resting functional MRI scans, clinical evaluations, and 2 parent rating scales, namely the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV scale and the Child Behavior Checklist. Six a priori cortical regions of interest were used to derive 6 networks: the dorsal default mode network, frontoparietal network, cingulo-opercular network (CON), primary sensorimotor network (SM1), primary auditory network, and primary visual network (V1). The corticothalamic connectivity for each network was calculated for each participant and then compared between the groups. We also compared the 2 scales with the network connectivity.

Results:
The corticothalamic connectivity within the CON was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) among adolescents with ADHD compared with the controls. The corticothalamic dysconnection within the CON, SM1, and V1 networks negatively correlated with ADHD symptom severity.

Conclusion:
This network analysis indicates that corticothalamic dysconnection in ADHD involves the CON, SM1, and V1 networks and relates to symptom severity. The findings provide evidence of dysfunctional thalamus-related networks in ADHD.
Residential proximity to green space and preeclampsia in California
Authors: Weber Kari A. , Lyons Evan , Yang Wei , Stevenson Charlotte , Stevenson David K. , Shaw Gary M. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
We investigated whether residing near more green space might reduce the risk of preeclampsia.

Methods:
Participants were women who delivered a live, singleton birth between 1998 and 2011 in eight counties of the San Joaquin Valley in California. There were 7276 cases of preeclampsia divided into mild, severe, or superimposed on preexisting hypertension. Controls were 197,345 women who did not have a hypertensive disorder and delivered between 37 and 41 weeks. Green space was estimated from satellite data using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), an index calculated from surface reflectance at the visible and near-infrared wavelengths. Values closer to 1 denote a higher density of green vegetation. Average NDVI was calculated within a 50 m, 100 m, and 500 m buffer around each woman’s residence. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated comparing the lowest and highest quartiles of mean NDVI to the interquartile range comparing each preeclampsia phenotype, divided into early (20–31 weeks) and late (32–36 weeks) preterm birth, to full-term controls.

Results:
We observed an inverse association in the 500 m buffer for women in the top quartile of NDVI and a positive association for women in the lowest quartile of NDVI for women with superimposed preeclampsia. There were no associations in the 50 and 100 m buffers.

Conclusion:
Within a 500 m buffer, more green space was inversely associated with superimposed preeclampsia. Future work should explore the mechanism by which green space may protect against preeclampsia.
LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN QUANTITATIVE AUTOFLUORESCENCE DURING PROGRESSION FROM INTERMEDIATE TO LATE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
Authors: Reiter Gregor S. , Hacker Valentin , Told Reinhard , Schranz Markus , Krotka Pavla , Schlanitz Ferdinand G. , Sacu Stefan , Pollreisz Andreas , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula 
Published: October 2020

Purpose:
To prospectively investigate the development of quantitative autofluorescence (qAF) during progression from intermediate to late age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods:
Quantitative autofluorescence images from patients with intermediate AMD were acquired every three months with a Spectralis HRA + OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) using a built-in autofluorescence reference. The association between changes in longitudinal qAF and progression toward late AMD was assessed using Cox regression models with time-dependent covariates.

Results:
One hundred and twenty-one eyes of 71 patients were included, and 653 qAF images were acquired. Twenty-one eyes of 17 patients converted to late AMD (median follow-up: 21 months; 12 eyes: atrophic AMD; nine eyes: neovascular AMD). The converting patients' mean age was 74.6 ± 4.4 years. Eleven eyes in the converting group (52.4%) were pseudophakic. The presence of an intraocular lens did not affect the qAF regression slopes (P > 0.05). The median change for atrophic AMD was −2.34 qAF units/3 months and 0.78 qAF units/3 months for neovascular AMD. A stronger decline in qAF was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing atrophic AMD (hazard ratio = 1.022, P < 0.001). This association, however, was not present in the group progressing toward neovascular AMD (hazard ratio = 1.001, P = 0.875).

Conclusion:
The qAF signal declines with progression to atrophy, contrary to developing neovascularization. Quantitative autofluorescence may allow identification of patients at risk of progressing to late AMD and benefits individualized patient care in intermediate AMD.
NONPERFUSION AREA QUANTIFICATION IN BRANCH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION
Authors: Kadomoto Shin , Muraoka Yuki , Uji Akihito , Tamiya Ryosuke , Oritani Yasuyuki , Kawai Kentaro , Ooto Sotaro , Murakami Tomoaki , Iida-Miwa Yuko , Tsujikawa Akitaka 
Published: October 2020

Purpose:
To precisely quantify retinal nonperfusion areas (NPAs) in branch retinal vein occlusion using widefield optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and examine their association with neovascular complications.

Methods:
We enrolled 26 patients with treatment-naïve branch retinal vein occlusion and prospectively examined them for 12 months. After 3 monthly ranibizumab injections to treat macular edema, each patient underwent ultra-widefield (UWF) fluorescein angiography (FA) and OCTA. Ultra-widefield FA was additionally performed at Month 12. For UWF FA, the retinal NPA was measured using the equipment's built-in software. For OCTA, we used panoramic image montaged from 5 single 12 × 12 mm2 images and quantified the retinal NPA using a Gullstrand eye with a grid scale at each patient. Measurements were expressed in terms of actual values and disc area units.

Results:
The retinal NPAs as measured using single OCTA and panoramic OCTA were significantly associated with that measured using UWF FA (P < 0.001 for both). Retinal neovascularization lesions were observed in 4 (15.4%) of 26 eyes. For patients with accompanying neovascularization, the retinal NPA measured using UWF FA, single OCTA, and panoramic OCTA were 187.9 ± 39.5 mm2 (109.9 ± 21.4 disc area), 34.3 ± 13.7 mm2 (19.9 ± 7.7 disc area), and 106.6 ± 24.5 mm2 (62.4 ± 13.6 disc area), respectively, which were larger than for those without neovascularization (P < 0.001, 0.014, and <0.001, respectively).

Conclusion:
Using widefield OCTA, we could quantify the retinal NPA of eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion. These could serve as valid references to assess the risk of neovascular complications.
Evolution of doctor shopping for oxycodone in the 67 million inhabitants in France as a proxy for potential misuse or abuse
Authors: Soeiro Thomas , Pradel Vincent , Lapeyre-Mestre Maryse , Micallef Joëlle 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This nationwide study aimed to compare use of oxycodone and doctor shopping for oxycodone in 2010 and 2016, and to quantify doctor shopping for oxycodone by sex, age, formulation, and dosage in 2010 and 2016. This study is a cross-sectional comparative analysis of doctor shopping based on all dispensings of oxycodone in France, in 2010 and 2016. Dispensings of oxycodone were extracted from the Système national des données de santé, which covers the 67 million inhabitants in France. Quantification of doctor shopping relies on an algorithm accounting for overlapping prescriptions, which is a proxy for potential misuse or abuse. The number of subjects who received oxycodone increased by 214% from 67,838 subjects in 2010 to 212,753 subjects in 2016, and the number of subjects with doctor-shopping behavior increased by 197%, from 1066 subjects in 2010 to 3163 subjects in 2016. For 30- to 44-year-old men, the total quantity of oxycodone obtained by doctor shopping increased by 391%, from 4582 defined daily doses in 2010 to 22,517 defined daily doses in 2016. By formulation and dosage, the total quantity of oxycodone obtained by doctor shopping increased with the dosage for both immediate-release and extended-release tablets in 2010 and 2016. The widespread extent of doctor shopping and its 3-fold increase in line with population exposure is a strong signal in the French context. These results are another argument to avoid trivializing oxycodone to prevent misuse, potential abuse, and potential oxycodone-related deaths, but it requires caution to prevent compromising effective treatment of pain.
Safety and efficacy of an equimolar mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide: a randomized controlled trial in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain
Authors: Bouhassira Didier , Perrot Serge , Riant Thibault , Martiné-Fabre Gaelle , Pickering Gisèle , Maindet Caroline , Attal Nadine , Ranque Garnier Stéphanie , Nguyen Jean-Paul , Kuhn Emmanuelle , Viel Eric , Kieffert Patrick , Tölle Thomas , Delorme Claire , Deleens Rodrigue , Giniès Patrick , Corand-Dousset Virginie , Dal-Col Clémence , Serrie Alain , Chevrillon Emmanuel , Gov Christian , Ramirez-Gil Juan Fernando , Delval Cécile , Schaller Manuella , Bessière Baptiste , Houéto Patrick , Sommer Claudia ,   the ProtoTOP group
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an odorless and colorless gas routinely used as an adjuvant of anesthesia and for short-duration analgesia in various clinical settings mostly in the form of an N2O/O2 50%-50% equimolar mixture (EMONO). Experimental studies have suggested that EMONO could also induce long-lasting analgesic effects related to the blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. We designed the first international multicenter proof of concept randomized, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy and safety of a 1-hour administration of EMONO or placebo (medical air) on 3 consecutive days up to 1 month after the last administration in patients with chronic peripheral neuropathic pain. A total of 240 patients were recruited in 22 centers in France and Germany and randomly assigned to 1 study group (120 per group). Average pain intensity (primary outcome), neuropathic pain characteristics (Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory), Patient Global Impression of Change, anxiety, depression, and quality of life were systematically assessed before and after treatment. The changes in average pain intensity between baseline and 7 days after the last administration were not significantly different between the 2 groups. However, evoked pain intensity (predefined secondary endpoint) and Patient Global Impression of Change (exploratory endpoint) were significantly improved in the EMONO group, and these effects were maintained up to 4 weeks after the last treatment administration. Mostly transient side effects were reported during the treatment administration. These encouraging results provide a basis for further investigation of the long-term analgesic effects of EMONO in patients with neuropathic pain.
Transient activation of spinal trigeminal neurons in a rat model of hypoxia-induced headache
Authors: Waldmann Dennis , Messlinger Karl 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The mechanisms underlying headaches attributed to hypoxia are poorly known. The activation of spinal trigeminal neurons with meningeal afferent input is believed to be responsible for the generation of headaches. In the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus of anaesthetized and ventilated rats, the spontaneous firing of neurons with input from the exposed parietal dura mater and the activity evoked by mechanical stimuli to the dura and the adjacent periosteum were recorded, whereas the O2 fraction of the ventilation gas was stepwise reduced by omitting O2 and adding nitrogen. The expiratory CO2 level, the arterial pressure, the pulse rate, and the peripheral O2 saturation (SpO2) were registered. The meningeal blood flow was recorded using laser Doppler flowmetry; video imaging was used to measure the diameter of dural and medullary arteries. Lowering O2 in the ventilation gas from hyperoxic to normoxic and finally hypoxic conditions was followed by an increase in spontaneous activity up to 300% of the initial activity in most neurons, whereas the activity in a minor fraction of neurons ceased. The mechanical threshold was reduced under hypoxia. Arterial pressure, pulse rate, and SpO2 fell during stepwise lowering of the O2 concentration, whereas the arteries of the dura mater and the medulla dilated. Increased neuronal activity in the spinal trigeminal nucleus following lowering of the inhaled O2 goes along with variations in cardiovascular parameters. The experiments may partly model the conditions of high altitudes and other hypoxic states as risk factors for headache generation.
Donor-specific antibodies in lung transplantation
Authors: Hachem Ramsey R. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose of review
The development of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) after lung transplantation has been recognized as an important risk factor for poor outcomes over the past 20 years. Recently, this has been a focus of intense research, and the purpose of this review is to summarize our current understanding of humoral responses and important recent findings as well as to identify areas of future research.

Recent findings
Recent studies have identified donor-derived cell-free DNA (ddcfDNA) as an important biomarker associated with antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). Importantly, ddcfDNA levels are noted to be elevated approximately 3 months before the onset of clinical allograft dysfunction, making ddcfDNA a particularly appealing biomarker to predict the onset of AMR. Additional notable recent findings include the identification of an independent association between the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from respiratory specimens and the development of DSA. This finding provides potential insights into crosstalk between innate and alloimmune responses and identifies a potential therapeutic target to prevent the development of DSA.

Summary
Progress in the field of humoral responses after lung transplantation has been slow, but ongoing and future research in this area are critically necessary to improve patient outcomes in the future.
Differences in Posttraumatic and Psychosocial Outcomes Among Refugees, Asylum Seekers, and Internally Displaced Persons
Authors: Dolezal Michael L. , Alsubaie Mohammed K. , Sheikh Ifrah , Rosencrans Peter , Walker Rosemary S. , Zoellner Lori A. , Bentley Jacob A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Refugees, asylum seekers, and internally displaced persons differ in their experiences, potentially affecting posttraumatic outcomes such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, posttraumatic cognitions, and posttraumatic growth (PTG), as well as psychosocial outcomes such as social connection, discrimination, and well-being. We explored these differences in a sample of N = 112 Muslim displaced persons. Results from planned contrasts indicated that refugees reported more PTSD symptoms (t[46.63] = 3.04, p = 0.004, d = 0.77) and more PTG (t[94] = 2.71, p = 0.008, d = 0.61) than asylum seekers. Higher posttraumatic cognitions predicted less social connections across displacement immigration category. The strength of this relationship was more pronounced for asylum seekers than refugees (b = −0.43, p = 0.014). Refugees may focus more on direct threats from others, resulting in more PTSD symptoms, whereas asylum seekers' uncertainty may pose a greater threat, exacerbating posttraumatic beliefs that drive social disconnection.
A Contemporary Model for Undergraduate Nursing Education
Authors: Aller Loretta 
Published: October 2020

Background
Health care trends including advanced technology, higher patient acuity, and shorter employment orientation have impacted the environment in which new-graduate nurses are entering the workforce. These issues are contributing to new nurses leaving the workforce prematurely. Theoretical foundations for nursing education need to be updated to better prepare graduates for entry into this burdened environment.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore, from the student perspective, the process of educational development into professional licensure-ready graduates.

Method
Grounded theory was used to explore the developmental process of undergraduate nursing education.

Results
Two simultaneous developmental processes emerged: decision-making and self-doubt/self-efficacy. Early in the nursing program, students made very few patient care decisions and were plagued with self-doubt. As knowledge and experience were gained, decisions became based on patient conditions, self-doubt decreased, self-efficacy emerged, and students relayed increased comfort, confidence, and competence.

Conclusion
A contemporary nursing education framework has been developed for testing.
Increasing age is associated with elevated circulating interleukin-6 and enhanced temporal summation of mechanical pain in people living with HIV and chronic pain
Authors: Slawek Deepika E. , Merlin Jessica S. , Owens Michael A. , Long Dustin M. , Gonzalez Cesar E. , White Dyan M. , Lopez Salvador A. , Heath Sonya L. , Goodin Burel R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
In the current antiretroviral treatment era, people living with HIV (PLWH) can achieve a near-normal life expectancy. However, as PLWH grow older, they are increasingly prone to developing chronic health conditions including pain. One possible explanation for increased pain in older populations with HIV is that aging is associated with inflammation and altered pain modulatory processes (ie, increased facilitation and decreased inhibition).

Objectives:
Our study aimed to examine how age affects endogenous pain modulatory processes in PLWH with chronic pain and to examine how age affects serum inflammatory cytokines.

Methods:
A total of 80 PLWH (median CD4+ = 646; 24% detectable viral load >50; 99% on antiretroviral therapy) with chronic pain provided demographic information (age, sex, and race) and completed standardized questionnaires to assess mood and clinical pain severity. Blood assays were completed to determine circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as CD4+ and HIV viral load. Temporal summation of mechanical pain and conditioned pain modulation assessed pain facilitation and inhibition, respectively.

Results:
Mean age was 48.9 (8.2) years; range: 26 to 67, with 45% >50 years. In adjusted multiple regression models, increasing age was associated with elevated levels of circulating IL-6 (P < 0.01), but not tumor necrosis factor-α. Increasing age was also associated with enhanced temporal summation of mechanical pain (P < 0.01), but not conditioned pain modulation. Greater circulating levels of IL-6 were correlated with enhanced temporal summation of mechanical pain (r = 0.304, P < 0.01), but the association was no longer significant after adjustment for covariates.

Conclusion:
Findings suggest that high levels of some circulating proinflammatory cytokines as well as enhanced pain facilitatory processes together may contribute to the chronic pain experienced by older adults with HIV.
Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying HIV-Infection Induced Susceptibility of CD4+ T Cells to Enhanced Activation-Induced FasL Expression and Cell Death
Authors: Ghare Smita S. , Chilton Paula M. , Rao Aakarsha V. , Joshi-Barve Swati , Peyrani Paula , Reyes Vega Andrea , McClain Craig J. , Bryant Kendall , Cook Robert L. , Freiberg Mathew , Barve Shirish 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Chronic immune activation and CD4+ T cell depletion are significant pathogenic features of HIV infection. Expression of Fas ligand (FasL), a key mediator of activation-induced cell death in T cells, is elevated in people living with HIV-1 infection (PLWH). However, the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the enhanced induction of FasL expression in CD4+ T lymphocytes in PLWH are not completely elucidated. Hence, the current work examined the effect of HIV infection on FasL promoter-associated histone modifications and transcriptional regulation in CD4+ T lymphocytes in PLWH.

Method:
Flow cytometric analysis was performed to examine the Fas-FasL expression on total CD4+ T cells and naïve/memory CD4+ T cell subsets. Epigenetic FasL promoter histone modifications were investigated by chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis using freshly isolated total CD4+ T lymphocytes from HIV-1 infected and noninfected individuals.

Results:
All naïve/memory CD4+ T cell subsets from PLWH showed markedly greater frequency of FasL expression. Notably, examination of functional outcome of FasL/Fas co-expression demonstrated the preferential susceptibility of Tcm and Tem subsets to activation-induced apoptosis. Importantly, these CD4+ T cells collectively demonstrated a distinct FasL promoter histone profile involving a coordinated cross-talk between histone H3 modifications leading to enhanced FasL gene expression. Specifically, levels of transcriptionally permissive histone H3K4-trimethylation (H3K4Me3) and histone H3K9-acetylation (H3K9Ac) were increased, with a concomitant decrease in the repressive H3K9-trimethylation (H3K9Me3).

Conclusion:
The present work demonstrates that epigenetic mechanisms involving promoter-histone modifications regulate transcriptional competence and FasL expression in CD4+ T cells from PLWH and render them susceptible to activation-induced cell death.