bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting
Authors: Subramanyam J , Bhanodaya Reddy G , Raghavendra N , Vijayasimha Reddy B G 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Waste heat energy harvesting aims to supply electricity to electric or electronic systems from different energy sources present in the environment without grid connection or utilization of batteries. These energy sources are solar (photovoltaic), movements (kinetic), radio-frequencies and thermal energy (thermoelectricity). The thermoelectric energy harvesting technology exploits the Seebeck effect. This effect describes the conversion of temperature gradient into electric power at the junctions of the thermoelectric elements of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) device. This device is a robust and highly reliable energy converter, which aims to generate electricity in applications in which the heat would be otherwise dissipated. The significant request for thermoelectric energy harvesting is justified by developing new thermoelectric materials and the design of new TEG devices. Potential TEG applications as energy harvesting modules are used in medical devices, sensors, buildings and consumer electronics. Present work is experimental study and analysis of thermoelectric energy harvesting and their low-power applications, and calculation of figure of merit which is dimensional less number for deciding harvesting efficiency.
Development of vertical axis wind turbine by Maglev suspension – An innovative approach
Authors: Sriganesh T G , Naveen G J , Vishnu P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Renewable energy sources like wind turbines are gaining more importance in recent years as apprehension of environment pollution has increased. Many developments have taken place to utilize solar and wind energy. Wind is present everywhere at all time but wind turbines are present in few places to generate power. An attempt has been made to make use of wind even from small regions by developing prototype of vertical axis wind turbine using maglev suspension to harness power. PVC pipes were used as wind turbine blades; simple and economic materials were also used in making this wind turbine. A new approach of having placed the magnets (double ended arrangement) has been experimented in this work. The voltage generated in double ended arrangement for different wind speeds was twice the voltage as that of single ended arrangement. The aim is to use simple low density material as wind turbine blade and generate power by magnetically levitated system. A new way of placing the neodymium permanent magnet and coils were deployed on the wind turbine plates and experimented in this work. On rotation of the wind turbine the magnetic arrangement would create axial flux while passing over copper coil arrangement.
Performance analysis of plate-fin heat exchanger used for case drain oil cooling application in variable displacement pumps
Authors: Ramachandra Karthik S , Manjunatha S S , Seetharamu K N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Variable displacement pumps are commonly employed in fluid power equipment. In applications involving variable displacement pumps, overheating of oil is a frequently encountered problem necessitating an effective oil cooling solution. In this work, the thermo-hydraulic performance analysis of an air blast hydraulic oil cooler, which is a compact heat exchanger (Brazed Aluminium Plate-Fin type) with surface heat enhancement feature in the form of rectangular offset strip fins is presented. The performance models available in the literature present correlations for f and j factors limited to a particular surface geometry and Reynolds number Re range. In the present work a detailed theoretical thermo-hydraulic analysis of an existing heat exchanger is presented using models available in the literature and also experimentally validated using a developed test-rig. The performance parameters derived from f and j factors like exchanger effectiveness, heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop are amply addressed. It was found that, cooler effectiveness varied only slightly with increasing oil inlet temperatures; whereas effectiveness decreased with increasing flow rates. The heat transfer rates increased with increasing oil flow rates and also with increasing oil inlet temperatures. The pressure drop on the oil side was found negligible.
On the operating temperature of heat pipes
Authors: Praful S , Prajwal Rao V , Vijeth V , Bhagavath Skanda V , Seetharamu K N , Narasimha Rao R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The relationship between the operating temperature of heat pipes and the maximum heat transport capacity posed by the heat pipe capillary limit is often overlooked. It is demonstrated through heat pipe experiments that for a given heat input, there exists a minimum temperature for the heat pipe system to operate. This phenomenon occurs due to the temperature dependence of the thermo-physical properties of the working fluid in the heat pipes and the working temperature range of the heat pipe system can thus be discerned by the capillary limit equation in conjunction with the heat pipe transient equation obtained by energy conservation. It may sometimes seem counterintuitive in the sense that if a heat pipe system is aided by a fan (and therefore increase the heat transfer coefficient), then the heat pipes break down and reduce the effectiveness of the thermal management system. This is due to the fact that heat pipes have excessively high effective thermal conductivity and their breakdown leads to heat transfer only through their constituent materials, whose thermal conductivities are lesser by at least an order of magnitude. Heat pipes in a thermal management system must therefore be meticulously designed for precise temperature ranges.
Steam condensation by heat pipes
Authors: Mallikharjuna Rao T , Srinivasa Rao S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The present paper describes the usage of heat pipes for phase transformation of steam that is steam condensation. The application of heat pipes were reviewed and it is found that heat pipes were never explored for steam condensation since its inception. Hence, a heat pipe had been designed for condensation purpose and the features of this designed heat pipe like, material of construction, length, and diameter were presented. The thermodynamic limits of the designed heat pipe were calculated theoretically. Practical results of experiments were also presented.
Thermal performance of a Divided-flow type Shell and Tube Compact Heat Exchanger
Authors: Nagaraj S , Nagaraj Abhijeeth , Karthik N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Shell and Tube heat exchanger is widely used as heat-transfer equipment in various process industries. The paper attempts to understand the flow, heat transfer characteristics and the effectiveness of the divided-flow type heat exchanger. The study is based on the CFD based simulation methods and the experimental methods. The study provides the flow and heat-transfer characteristics of the divided-flow type heat exchanger by using validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. Results are obtained for the temperature, velocity and turbulence intensity distributions in the flow domain. The results from the simulation and experimental study are used in determining the effectiveness (ξ) of the heat exchanger using Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) and Number of Transfer Units (NTU). The simulation and experimental performance are found to be in good agreement highlighting the minimization of losses in the experimental setup. This confirms the accuracy of the flow-based heat and turbulence distributions. The effectiveness value shows that the heat exchanger can be used for compact applications
Impact of preheat zone properties on the flammability limits of crude biogas combustion in a two-layer porous radiant burner
Authors: Devi Sangjukta , Sahoo Niranjan , Muthukumar P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The present work is aimed at comprehending the combustion phenomena of crude biogas in a Porous Radiant Burner (PRB), with varying properties of the porous inserts. In this regard, experimentation has been done on an in-house developed two layered PRB, incorporated with porous combustion zone (CZ) and preheat zone (PZ). Combustion in PRB is based on the concept of excess enthalpy where heat from the burnt products preheat the fresh fuel air mixture to give enhanced combustion. Hence, the porous inserts used in the PRB have a significant role to play in its performance characterization. This investigation is thus aimed at studying the effect of PZ porosity and thickness on the lean stable flame limits and the position of stable flame inside the PRB. The CZ was composed of SiC foam (porosity 90%), while straight hole Al2O3 ceramic with varying porosity and thickness were used as the PZ for the test cases. The investigation was done for the varying input powers of 5 to 10 kW. Results indicate that PZ porosity and thickness has a significant influence on flame stability. One particular case, where the PZ porosity was 7% and thickness of 15 mm offered the best lean stable combustion, within the equivalence ration of 0.75-0.97.
Effect of Mix waste cooking-oil biodiesel on performance and exhaust emissions of a CRDI engine
Authors: Kiran C H , Ganesh D B , Banapurmath Nagaraj , Chinmay G S 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn fast-moving world, energy crisis and waste disposal are increasing day by day. To overcome the energy crisis, it is crucial that we consume less energy. The world contains potential resources to meet the demand of energy apart from electricity, highest demand among all sources. Hence to gear up the use of alternative methods from the wastes into an alternate fuel. The transportation is playing a major role in economic growth and globalization, but cause air pollution in all medium. In regard to crisis, biodiesel production from locally available mix waste cooking oil, which can be an major alternative to production of biodiesel apart from food resources. The aim of this paper is to extract the biodiesel from mix waste cooking oil using conventional methods and study the performance of B20 biodiesel blends with respect to best fuel injection time (IT), Injection opening pressure (IOP) and number opening holes in injector using common rail direct injection engine (CRDI). The experimental studies showed that waste cooking oil methyl ester (WCOME) at 27 deg before top dead centre and IOP 240 bar, B20 blend gives better results and 5 holes 0.3 mm injector nozzle give 31.7% Brake thermal efficiency, 37 HSU smoke, 37 ppm Hydrocarbon, 0.115% carbon monoxide of volume and reduce in 2% of nitrogen dioxide without any modification of engine.
Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of B20 fish biodiesel blended with waste plastic oil on a diesel engine
Authors: Deepak kumar T , Manjunatha  , Ramesha D K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Depletion of fossil fuels and environmental pollution are major challenges in the present world. Main pollution sources are the Plastic waste and automotive emissions. The present work deals with usage of the oil obtained from waste plastic blended with Fish Biodiesel. In order to carry out the study on plastic wastes, pyrolysis process was used. Pyrolysis runs without oxygen and in high temperature of about 250-300 °C. Fish Biodiesel was obtained from waste fish leftovers and transesterification was used to obtain Fish Oil Methyl Ester (FOME). B20FOME is obtained by blending 20% FOMEwith 80% Diesel. The 10% of fuel obtained from waste plastic is blended withB20FOME to obtain B20FOME10WPO. For conducting the various experiments,10HP single cylinder 4 stroke direct injection water-cooled diesel engine is employed. The engine is made to run at 1500rpm and the load is varied gradually from 0-100%. The BTE of biodiesel blend and bio diesel blend with plastic oil was increased by 3.82% and 10.02% respectively than that of diesel. UBHC and CO emissions were found to be lower than that of diesel. Whereas NOx emission and smoke opacity were observed to be marginally higher than that of diesel. The performance, emission and combustion characteristics are observed. It reveals that fuel properties are comparable with petroleum products. Converting waste plasticsinto fuel hold great promise for both the environmental and economic scenarios.
Effect of Modifications of Piston Bowl Geometry in Stationary Diesel Engine Fuelled with Biodiesel–A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mohan Das A N , Harish G , Palan Shravan R , Shetty Shravan , Hubli Sourabh Sanjay , Binani Vivek 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The fossil fuels are depleting at an alarming rate and as a result its cost is also increasing rapidly. Effect of fossil fuel emissions in the atmosphere is observed more. In this context, effective alternator with suitable changes in the existing CI engine are required. One such alternator is Biodiesel. As literature reveals that usage of Biodiesel in the existing engine will not give the original performance as diesel. Therefore, it is necessary to study the suitable changes that are to be done in the existing engine.
Piston Bowl Geometry (PBG) is the major factor in diesel engine, even slight modifications done in the PBG gives the large changes in the fuel consumption rate, Performance, Emissions and combustion parameters.
This present article, reviews the detailed study of various Piston Bowl Geometries such as Re-entrant type, Toroidal type, trapezoidal, shallow depth etc.., in relevance with its design, performance, emissions and combustion characteristics. And it also reviews the suitability of modified PBG with Biodiesel fuelled CI engine as compared to existing Hemispherical PBG diesel engine which can be used in future to overcome the problems encountered in petroleum based fuel engines.
Performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel produced from fish oil after extracting omega 3 fatty acid
Authors: Ajith B S , Math M C , Manjappa S , Manjunath Patel G C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The dynamic working nature of modern industries demand huge energy requirement to sustain their operation. Till date, fossil fuels are the primary energy sources and their extinct being a serious threat to many industries including automotive sectors. Biodiesel fuels are limelight to many industries due to their inherent carbon neutral and eco-friendly characteristics. Waste oils (fish oil) is a potential biomass feedstock which offers excellent technological benefits over petroleum and other vegetable oils. The biodiesel (i.e. residue from fish oil after extracting omega-3 fatty acid) production is done with two-stage transesterification process. Biodiesel at different proportions (B10, B20, B30 B100 indicate 10%, 20%, 30% and 100% of biodiesel) are blended with neat diesel fuel to know the practicality of fuel properties, performance and emission characteristics. The performance and emission characteristics are tested at different loading (from no-load to full load) conditions of single cylinder compression ignition engine. The B10 designated fuel resulted in close proximity values of conventional diesel in terms of fuel properties, performance and emission characteristics.
Fluorescence properties of aromatic asymmetric di-ketone compound in polar and non-polar solvents
Authors: Muddapur G V , Melavanki Raveendra , Sharma Kalpana , Srinivasa H T , Thipperudrappa J , Patil N R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Using the quantum chemical and solvatochromic shift technique aromatic unsymmetric di-ketone compound1-(4’-dodecyl-[1,1’-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione (DK1) fluorescence properties were estimated. The excitation and emission band of recently synthesized DK1 have been examined in various dissolvable. The dipole moments evaluated utilizing Gaussian software and Solvatochromic correlations. Evaluated (μg
) value by Gaussian method is comparatively larger than the solvatochromic shift methods. It is seen that the energized state dipole moments (μe
) are more prominent than the ground state dipole moment (μg
) which authorizes π → π* transition. The (Δμ) were also estimated both from solvatochromic shift method and microscopic solvent polarity parameter (ET
N
) and results are compared. The kinetic stability and chemical reactivity of the selected molecules have been studied with the help of quantum chemical properties of the molecule and Frontier molecular orbital analysis using DFT.
Fluorescence spectroscopic studies on preferential solvation and bimolecular quenching reactions of Quinolin-8-ol in binary solvent mixtures
Authors: Sharma Kalpana , Melavanki Raveendra , Muttannavar V T , Bhavya P , Meghana U , Suma B 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
On account of the importance towards solvent mixtures in practical chemistry, binary solvent mixtures of acetonitrile (AN) and 1, 4-dioxane (DX) are used to study fluorescence behavior of this organic compound namely Quinolin-8-ol (QO). At the outset, preferential solvation is examined in AN-DX for this QO, in order to understand specific and nonspecific interactions. Further Suppan’s dielectric enrichment model is implemented to identify the non-ideality and dielectric enrichment in AN-DX for preferential solvation. Bimolecular quenching reaction studies of Quinolin-8-ol have been carried out in mixtures of AN-DX to study the effect of dielectric constants and viscosity at room temperature. The quenching process is studied in all solvent mixtures by Steady state and Transient state method. Quenching is characterized by Stern-Volmer (S-V) plots having downward curvature. Interestingly, for moderate quenching concentration, downward curvature has been observed for the title molecule. The inter and intra molecular hydrogen bonding has profound role in the formation of different conformers in QO. Further, modified S-V equation is applied to analyze the fluorescence quenching reactions of QO molecule.
Effect of temperature on fluorescence quenching and emission characteristics of laser dyes
Authors: Deepa H. R. , Thipperudrappa J. , Suresh Kumar H. M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Effect of temperature on fluorescence quenching and emission characteristics of laser dyes (LD – 473) and (LD – 423) have been investigated in the temperature range 25°C - 65°C by steady state and transient methods. The fluorescence intensity of both dyes is quenched in the presence of quencher aniline at different temperatures. Stern-Volmer (S-V) plots are non-linear showing positive deviation. It has been found that dynamic quenching constant increases with temperature, whereas static quenching constant is independent of temperature. In both the dyes, Fluorescence emission intensity has decreased with increase in temperature and fluorescence band maxima is slightly shifted towards shorter wavelength. Further, fluorescence lifetime has decreased with increase in temperature for both the dyes. The possible deactivation mechanisms are discussed.
Investigation of bending properties of E-Glass fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites for applications in micro wind turbine blades
Authors: Singh Sachidanand , Hanumantharaju H.G. , Teja Yadla Sai Ravi , Hemanth Rao Yadav S , Srivatsa Shreyas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Polymer matrix composites are divided into thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers reinforced with organic or inorganic fiber. Use of composites is increasing in the field of engineering applications due the fact that they are satisfying the required mechanical properties. The present study is made on Sandwich composite with E-Glass fiber reinforced Epoxy composite skin and Balsa wood core. E-Glass fiber reinforced composite is an immensely versatile material due to its light weight, inherent strength, weather resistance, finish and also due to variety of surface textures. Though carbon fibers are more rigid then eglass fiber, we choose e-glass for its lower cost and are better suited to extreme flex patterns. The composite consist of E-Glass fiber, epoxy resin namely Ly556 and Hardener 951. E-glass is a low alkali glass with a typical nominal composition of SiO2 54wt%, Al2O3 14wt%, CaO+MgO 22wt%, B2O3 10wt% and Na2OK2O less then 2wt%. Some other materials may also be present at impurity levels. Tensile test, compression test and three point bending test etc. has to be carried out to better understand the mechanical properties of composite material. In this study three point bending test is discussed. This study is done keeping in mind the use of E-Glass fiber and epoxy resin composite in micro wind turbine blade.
Recent Advances in Gifford-McMahon Cryocoolers
Authors: Vikas R , Kasthurirengan S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Cryocoolers are devices which produce the required refrigeration at a specific low temperature, and they can replace the normal cryogenic fluids. Cryogenic fluids give refrigeration only at a specific temperature whereas cryocooler can produce refrigeration at varying low temperatures. There are many types of cryocoolers like Pulse tube, Stirling, Joule-Thomson, Gifford-McMahon (GM) etc. Many advances have occurred over the years in these cryocoolers. For obtaining very low temperatures along with large cooling powers GM and Pulse tube cryocoolers are found to be better among the others. Hence, this article focuses the advances in GM cryocoolers. This article discusses the working of GM cryocooler, importance of regenerator material and how one can use special regenerator materials to reach very low temperatures. Further, the advances in these cryocoolers such as the use of Labyrinth finish regenerators to obtain higher cooling powers etc. are also discussed. It is presumed that the reader obtains a basic understanding of the GM cryocooler, latest developments and the possible future areas for research from this article.
Investigation of matrix fin based effluent cooling system
Authors: Keshav M , Nagaraj Shanmukha , Gudda Sangamesh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The aviation market is expected to achieve a compound annual growth rate of 3% over the forecast period 2019 to 2024. The main objective of this project is to increase the cooling effectiveness of the transply effusion cooling system using matrix fins. The geometric parameters of the matrix fin are optimised using MATLAB and these are used to design the matrix fin within the effusion cooling system. The design of the effusion cooling system was taken from the standard designs which are currently in use. The cooling effectiveness of the matrix fin based transply effusion cooling system was calculated using the temperature values that are obtained from the analysis for different conditions of inlet and outlet fluid temperature. For hot gas inlet temperature 500K the average temperature of the cooling system was 356.011K. Similar analysis is conducted on the effusion cooling system without the matrix fin design with inlet fluid temperature 500K the average temperature of the cooling system was 384.966K. To see the effect of increase in the temperature of the combustion chamber the hot fluid inlet temperature is increased to 850K the average temperature of cooling system was357.612K. The outcome of the analysis was that the cooling system with the matrix fins had better cooling effectiveness than the cooling system without the matrix fins.