bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic nanoparticles: A new diagnostic and treatment platform for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Liu Yan , Cao Fenglin , Sun Baoqing , Bellanti Joseph A , Zheng Song Guo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by articular synovitis that eventually leads to the destruction of cartilage and bone in the joints with resulting pain and disability. The current therapies for RA are divided into 4 categories: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids, nonbiological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biological DMARDs. Each drug grouping is beset with significant setbacks that not only include limited drug bioavailability and high clearance, but also varying degrees of drug toxicity to normal tissues. Recently, nanotechnology has provided a promising tool for the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic systems in the area of malignant and inflammatory diseases. Among these, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have provided an attractive carrier option for delivery of therapeutic agents. Armed with an extra magnetic probe, MNPs are capable of more accurately targeting the local lesion with avoidance of unpleasant systemic side effects. This review aims to provide an introduction to the applications of magnetic nanoparticles in RA, focusing on the latest advances, challenges, and opportunities for future development.
Hemorrhagic Cysts and Other MR Biomarkers for Predicting Renal Dysfunction Progression in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Riyahi Sadjad , Dev Hreedi , Blumenfeld Jon D. , Rennert Hanna , Yin Xiaorui , Attari Hanieh , Barash Irina , Chicos Ines , Bobb Warren , Donahue Stephanie , Prince Martin R. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundScreening for rapidly progressing autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is necessary for assigning and monitoring therapies. Height‐adjusted total kidney volume (ht‐TKV) is an accepted biomarker for clinical prognostication, but represents only a small fraction of information on abdominal MRI.PurposeTo investigate the utility of other MR features of ADPKD to predict progression.Study TypeSingle‐center retrospective.PopulationLongitudinal data from 186 ADPKD subjects with baseline serum creatinine, PKD gene testing, abdominal MRI measurements, and ≥2 follow‐up serum creatinine were reviewed.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T, T2‐weighted single‐shot fast spin echo, T1‐weighted 3D spoiled gradient echo (liver accelerated volume acquisition) and 2D cine velocity encoded gradient echo (phase contrast MRA).AssessmentHt‐TKV, renal blood flow (RBF), number and fraction of renal and hepatic cysts, bright T1 hemorrhagic renal cysts, and liver and spleen volumes were independently assessed by three observers blinded to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) data.Statistical TestsLinear mixed‐effect models were applied to predict eGFR over time using MRI features at baseline adjusted for confounders. Validation was performed in 158 patients who had follow‐up MRI using receiver operator characteristic, sensitivity, and specificity.ResultsHemorrhagic cysts, fraction of renal and hepatic cysts, height‐adjusted liver and spleen volumes were significant independent predictors of future eGFR (final prediction model R2 = 0.88 P < 0.05). The number of hemorrhagic cysts significantly improved the prediction compared to ht‐TKV in predicting future eGFR (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9–0.94 vs. R2 = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.85–0.9, P = 0.045). For baseline eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73m2, sensitivity for predicting eGFR<45 ml/min/1.73m2 by ht‐TKV alone was 29%. Sensitivity increased to 72% with all MRI variables in the model (P < 0.05 = 0.019), whereas specificity was unchanged, 100% vs. 99%.Data ConclusionCombining multiple MR features including hemorrhagic renal cysts, renal cyst fraction, liver and spleen volume, hepatic cyst fraction, and renal blood flow enhanced sensitivity for predicting eGFR decline in ADPKD compared to the standard model including only ht‐TKV.Level of Evidence 2Technical Efficacy Stage 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:564–576.
Dehydroepiandrosterone for depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Peixoto Clayton , José Grande Antonio , Gomes Carrilho Carolina , Egidio Nardi A , Cardoso Adriana , Barciela Veras André 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDepression is a mental disorder that affects millions of people around the world. However, depressive symptoms can be seen in other psychiatric and medical conditions. Here, we investigate the effect of DHEA treatment on depressive symptoms in individuals with depression and/or other clinical conditions in which depressive symptoms are present. An electronic search was performed until October 2019, with no restrictions on language or year of publication in the following databases: Medline, EMBASE, LILACS, and Cochrane Library. Randomized controlled trials comparing DHEA versus placebo were included if the depressive symptoms were assessed. Fifteen studies with 853 female and male individuals were included in this review. To conduct the meta‐analysis, data were extracted from 14 studies. In comparison with placebo, DHEA improved depressive symptoms (standardized mean difference [SMD] −0.28, 95% (CI) −0.45 to −0.11, p =.001, 12 studies, 742 individuals (375 in the experimental group and 367 in the placebo group), I2 = 24%), very low quality of evidence, 2 of 14 studies reporting this outcome were removed in a sensitivity analysis as they were strongly influencing heterogeneity between studies. No hormonal changes that indicated any risk to the participants' health were seen. Side effects observed were uncommon, mild, and transient, but commonly related to androgyny. In conclusion, DHEA was associated with a beneficial effect on depressive symptoms compared to placebo. However, these results should be viewed with caution, since the quality of evidence for this outcome was considered very low according to the GRADE criteria.
Rate‐dependent and unidirectional conduction block between the left pulmonary vein and left atrium after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Oi Maki , Nomura Shinnosuke , Miho Mitsunori , Kobayashi Takayasu , Okabayashi Marie , Higami Hirooki , Onishi Naoaki , Higashitani Nobuya , Saijo Sayaka , Nakazeki Fumiko , Oyamada Naofumi , Jinnai Toshikazu , Terada Shohei , Osaki Shota , Horii Katsutoshi , Kaitani Kazuaki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA 77‐year‐old woman with symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) underwent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), but subsequently experienced recurrence. In the second session, unidirectional left atrium (LA)‐left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV) conduction was revealed to exist at the carina of the LSPV. Left pulmonary vein (LPV) pacing performed in a cycle between 300 and 260 ms revealed rate‐dependent pulmonary vein (PV)‐LA conduction, and the location was estimated to be in the roof of the LSPV. PV isolation was achieved after ablation of two gaps. Consideration of the presence of rate‐dependent gaps may be useful to confirm bidirectional block lines after ablation.
Examining the role of pharmacists in medication handover–facilitating opioid substitution therapy through transitions of care
Authors: Manning‐Bennett Arkady T. , Sallis James A. , Thomas Vinod B. , Johnson Jacinta L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsThis audit aimed to assess the prevalence and completeness of documented medication handover regarding opioid substitution therapy (OST) during transitions of care in to and out of a major tertiary teaching hospital, focusing on surgical admissions. The secondary aim was to evaluate the proportion of handover episodes that involved a clinical pharmacist, and to determine the impact of pharmacist involvement on the completeness of documented OST handover.Method and ResultsA 5‐year retrospective audit was conducted for surgical patients undergoing OST prior to admission to a major tertiary teaching hospital. Data were collected pertaining to: handover on admission of 13 OST‐related metrics deemed important for appropriate ongoing clinical care, whether medication handover to the community OST team was documented on discharge, and the involvement and impact of pharmacists in these processes. Sixty‐one admissions were included in the audit. On average, just over half (7.4/13) of the predefined OST‐related metrics audited, were documented on admission. Only 57% of patients had OST handover to the community team documented on discharge. Pharmacist involvement on discharge significantly increased completeness of OST handover documentation on admission and increased the proportion of patients with documented OST handover on discharge.ConclusionMedication handover relating to OST on admission and discharge was frequently incomplete, posing a potential risk to safe and appropriate ongoing care, highlighting the need for education and procedures to guide this process. Pharmacist contribution in handover of OST medication‐related information increased completeness of documentation, demonstrating their role in facilitating medication‐related communication during transitions of care.
Effect and mechanism of high‐fat diet on the preference for sweeteners on mice
Authors: Yin Kai‐Jing , Ren Jing‐Nan , Li Xiao , Fan Gang , Zhao Lei , Li Zhi , Zhang Lu‐Lu , Xie Ding‐Yuan , Pan Si‐Yi , Yuan Fang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDMale Kunming mice were divided into a normal diet group (control group) and a high‐fat diet group (HF group) (185 g·kg−1 protein, 600 g·kg−1 fat and 205 g·kg−1 carbohydrate). After 8 weeks' feeding, behavioral indicators and biochemical indicators in serum were determined. The double‐bottle preference experiment was used to study the preferences of mice for five sweeteners. The monoamine neurotransmitter content, gene expression related to dopamine (DA), and opioid receptors were also determined.RESULTSThe body weight of the mice in the HF group increased significantly (P < 0.05) after 36 days compared with the control group. The feed intake of the HF group increased sharply in the first 12 days, and then it became basically unchanged. The preference of the HF group for all of the five sweeteners was highly significantly lower (P < 0.01) than that of the control group. Depression‐related behavior was observed in the HF group mice. The triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) content in the HF group were very much higher (P < 0.01) than those of the control group. The gene expression related to DA and opioid receptor in the HF group was significantly lower than that of the control group, except for preproenkephalin (PENK).CONCLUSIONSIn summary, this study suggested that a long‐term high‐fat diet could result in a decrease in the preference for sweeteners and could result in a state of reward hypofunction in mice. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Improving the digestibility of cereal fractions of wheat, maize, and rice by a carbohydrase complex rich in xylanases and arabinofuranosidases: an in vitro digestion study
Authors: Vangsøe Cecilie T , Bonnin Estelle , Joseph‐Aime Maud , Saulnier Luc , Neugnot‐Roux Virginie , Bach Knudsen Knud E 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDCereal co‐products rich in dietary fibres are increasingly used in animal feed. The high fibre content decreases the digestibility and reduces the nutrient and energy availability, resulting in lower nutritive value. Therefore, this study investigated the ability of two carbohydrase complexes to solubilize cell‐wall polysaccharides, in particular arabinoxylan (AX), from different cereal fractions of wheat, maize, and rice using an in vitro digestion model of the pig gastric and small intestinal digestive system. The first complex (NSPase 1) was rich in cell‐wall‐degrading enzymes, whereas the second complex (NSPase 2) was additionally enriched with xylanases and arabinofuranosidases. The extent of solubilization of insoluble cell‐wall polysaccharides after in vitro digestion was evaluated with gas–liquid chromatography and an enzymatic fingerprint of the AX oligosaccharides was obtained with high‐performance anion‐exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection.RESULTSThe addition of carbohydrase increased the digestibility of dry matter and solubilized AX in particular, with the greatest effect in wheat fractions and less effect in maize and rice fractions. The solubilization of AX (expressed as xylose release) ranged from 6% to 41%, and there was an increased effect when enriching with xylanases and arabinofuranosidases in wheat aleurone and bran of 19% and 14% respectively. The enzymatic fingerprint of AX oligosaccharides revealed several non‐final hydrolysis products of the enzymes applied, indicating that the hydrolysis of AX was not completed during in vitro digestion.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that the addition of a carbohydrase complex can introduce structural alterations under in vitro digestion conditions, and that enrichment with additional xylanases and arabinofuranosidases can boost this effect in wheat, maize, and rice. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Calcium applications throughout fruit development enhance olive quality, oil yield, and antioxidant compounds' content
Authors: Morales‐Sillero Ana , Lodolini Enrico María , Suárez María Paz , Navarrete Víctor , Jiménez María Rocío , Casanova Laura , Gregori Luca , Rallo Pilar , Martín‐Vertedor Daniel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDCalcium is a preservative and firming agent largely used in the table olive industry. Foliar applications of calcium (as calcium chloride, CaCl2) before harvest have been proposed in other fruits to increase firmness and reduce physiological disorders or internal damage. However, there is still a shortage of information regarding the source, the concentration, the number, and the period of calcium application onto the canopy to get an effective response of olive quality. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of two concentrations of CaCl2 foliar treatments (0.5% and 1.0%), applied at different stages of fruit development (at the end of fruit set, end of pit hardening, and prior to harvesting), on olive quality for two varieties (‘Manzanilla de Sevilla’ and ‘Ascolanta tenera’), cultivated in two different geographical areas (Spain and Italy respectively).RESULTSThe calcium concentrations applied enhanced the fruit calcium content and decreased sodium and potassium. They also improved the mechanical properties without modifying fruit morphology or cuticle thickness; nor did they cause phytotoxicity. Foliar treatments increased the oil content in the pulp (dry weight basis) and the amount of hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and oleuropein, among other phenols.CONCLUSIONCalcium foliar applications during fruit development effectively increase olive quality. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Impacts of soil use and management on water quality in agricultural watersheds in Southern Brazil
Authors: Martíni Aline F. , Favaretto Nerilde , De Bona Fabiano D. , Durães Matheus F. , de Paula Souza Luiz C. , Goularte Gabriel D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWorldwide, agriculture is considered one of the main activities that influence water quality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of soil use and management on water quality at the small watershed scale, in Southern Brazil. One watershed is characterized by production of annual crop seeds under no‐tillage (zero tillage), with crop rotation and with terraces (Sarandi watershed—SW), while the other is characterized by production of grains in the summer and pasture with grazing in the winter, under no‐tillage, without crop rotation and without terraces (Coxilha watershed—CW). Flow and climatic data were measured during 2 years. Water samples were manually taken at precipitation events and base flow over 1 year for laboratory analysis. During events of high volume, most of the rainfall was converted to base flow in SW, while in CW, most of the rainfall was transformed into overland flow. Overall, higher concentrations and losses of sediments and nutrients occurred in the CW, mainly during precipitation events in the winter crops season. Of the total nitrogen concentration in water, approximately 3% was ammonium‐N and 58% was nitrate‐N, on average, in both watersheds. For total phosphorus concentration in water, more than 75% was particulate in both watersheds, however, the bioavailable phosphorus accounted for 70% of the total phosphorus in the SW and for 35% in the CW. The higher concentration of bioavailable phosphorus in the SW indicates a short‐term pollution potential, but in both watersheds, the water quality was impaired by the high concentrations of total phosphorus. In general, even with no‐tillage, the results highlight the importance of best management practices as terracing, riparian vegetation, crop rotation, better crop systems and fertilizer management to avoid degradation of water resources.
Predicting the sediment transport capacity from flow condition and particle size in the presence of vegetation cover
Authors: Mu Hongli , Fu Suhua , Yu Bofu , Zhang Guanghui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe sediment transport capacity plays a pivotal role in erosion research, and is usually predicted using hydraulic variables. The transport capacity and hydraulic variables are affected by vegetation cover. Our understanding of the effect of vegetation cover, including the size, density, and arrangement of vegetation stems, on the relationship between the sediment transport capacity and hydraulic variables were rather limited. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect vegetation stem cover on the relationship between hydraulic variables and the sediment transport capacity and to derive an equation for predicting the sediment transport capacity in the presence of vegetation cover. Five data sets from 288 flume experiments with a wide range of discharge (0.25–2 × 10−3 m3 s−1), slope (8.8–42.3%), median sediment diameter (0.11–1.16 × 10−3 m), stem cover (0–30%), stem diameter (2–36 mm), and stem arrangement (bead, tessellation, zigzag, random, and banding) were compiled for this study. Extensive regression analysis has shown that the sediment transport capacity could be expressed as a power function of flow velocity, shear stress, stream power, or unit stream power. Predictors of the sediment transport capacity were ranked from the unit stream power as the strongest, followed by the stream power, flow velocity, and the shear stress. Vegetation stem cover had no apparent and direct effect on the relationship between hydraulic variables and the sediment transport capacity so long as the unit stream power or stream power was used as its predictor. Vegetation cover became a significant factor only when the shear stress was used to predict the sediment transport capacity. Finally, a new equation involving the slope gradient, flow velocity, and median sediment diameter in a nondimensional form was shown to be a superior predictor of the sediment transport capacity with the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency of 0.92. The product of slope and flow velocity, that is, the unit stream power, captures the effect of vegetation stem cover and surface roughness and was shown to be an effective predictor of the transport capacity in the presence of vegetation cover.
Effect of head roll‐tilt on the subjective visual vertical in healthy participants: Towards better clinical measurement of gravity perception
Authors: Wada Yoshiro , Yamanaka Toshiaki , Kitahara Tadashi , Kurata Junichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveGravity perception is an essential function for spatial orientation and postural stability; however, its assessment is not easy. We evaluated the head‐tilt perception gain (HTPG, that is, mean perceptual gain [perceived/actual tilt angle] during left or right head roll‐tilt conditions) and head‐upright subjective visual vertical (SVV) using a simple method developed by us to investigate the characteristics of gravity perception in healthy participants.MethodsWe measured the SVV and head roll‐tilt angle during head roll‐tilt within ±30° of vertical in the sitting and standing positions while the participant maintained an upright trunk (sitting, 434 participants; standing, 263 participants). We evaluated the head‐upright SVV, HTPG, and laterality of the HTPG.ResultsWe determined the reference ranges of the absolute head‐upright SVV (<2.5°), HTPG (0.80‐1.25), and HTPG laterality (<10%) for the sitting position. The head‐upright SVV and HTPG laterality were not influenced by sex or age. However, the HTPG was significantly greater in women than in men and in middle‐aged (30‐64 years) and elderly (65‐88 years) participants than in young participants (18‐29 years). The HTPG, but not the head‐upright SVV or HTPG laterality, was significantly higher in the standing vs sitting position.ConclusionThe HTPG is a novel parameter of gravity perception involving functions of the peripheral otolith and neck somatosensory systems to the central nervous system. The HTPG in healthy participants is influenced by age and sex in the sitting position and immediately increases after standing to reinforce the righting reflex for unstable posture, which was not seen in the head‐upright SVV, previously considered the only parameter.Level of Evidence4.
Effect of oil‐air lubrication on contact temperature and sliding tribological properties
Authors: Liu Cong , Yin Yanguo , Tong Baohong , Zhang Guotao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper investigated the effect of oil‐air lubrication on contact temperature and sliding tribological properties. On the basis of heat transfer theory, a numerical simulation model of forced convection was established. Experiments were conducted using the tribology machine. Results show that in oil‐air lubrication, forced convection can significantly reduce the temperature at the contact position. Nonlinear decline and decrease in the descent rate of contact temperature were observed with the increase in convective heat transfer coefficient. The convective heat transfer between friction pairs increased with air supply velocity, whereas the sliding friction coefficient initially decreased and then increased. The friction flash temperature reached its lowest value with proper heat dissipation capacity. With the increase in ambient temperatures of the friction pairs, the sliding friction coefficient decreased, whereas the friction flash temperature increased. Influenced by the oil‐air lubrication heat dissipation in the test, the wear mechanism of point contact sliding friction was abrasive wear.