bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary attachment and mental health in Pakistani and Scottish adolescents: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Imran Somia , MacBeth Angus , Quayle Ethel , Chan Stella W.Y. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesResearch into adolescent mental health has tended to focus on primary attachment relationships. However, the effect of secondary attachment relationships and the role of culture remain under‐explored. This study examined the associations between primary attachment, secondary attachment, and coping strategies (task‐focused, emotion‐focused, and avoidant coping) with psychological well‐being and psychological distress in adolescents across two cultural settings.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodAn identical test battery was used across two geographic sites in Pakistan (N = 510; 12–18 years; 51.5% male; mean age = 14.50) and Scotland (N = 610; 12–18 years; 53.6% male; mean age = 13.97). Associations were tested separately in each sample using moderated mediation modelling for the outcome variables: psychological well‐being and psychological distress.ResultsFor psychological well‐being, all three coping strategies were significant partial mediators and secondary attachment was a significant moderator in both samples. Secondary attachment moderated the association between emotion‐focused coping and psychological well‐being in the Pakistani sample only. For psychological distress, task‐focused coping was a significant full mediator in the Pakistani sample only. In contrast, for the Scottish sample, task‐focused coping and emotion‐focused coping were significant partial mediators. Secondary attachment’s direct effect on psychological distress was significant in both samples. Secondary attachment also moderated the association between emotion‐focused coping and psychological distress in the Pakistani sample only.ConclusionsThe cross‐cultural evidence suggests that alongside primary attachment, it is important to target secondary attachment through coping strategies, in order to enhance psychological well‐being and lessen psychological distress in adolescents.Practitioner points

Secondary attachment plays a different role from primary attachment in adolescents. Therefore, it is important to target both primary attachment and secondary attachment security to enhance psychological well‐being and lessen psychological distress.

Cross‐cultural differences in coping suggest that differential strategies to target different coping dimensions may enhance adolescent well‐being across cultures.

These cross‐cultural differences highlight the ethical importance of cultural sensitivity among clinicians working with adolescents globally.
Value of multi‐slice spiral computed tomography for diagnosis of tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration in children: 5‐year retrospective study
Authors: Shen Jianqiang , Huang Lizhen , Hao Chuangli 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundTracheobronchial foreign body (TFB) aspiration is a significant cause of respiratory problems in children. The timely diagnosis of TFB is important to decrease the mortality rate and the incidence of complications. Advances in radiology have led multi‐slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) to become the best technique for diagnosing TFB.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study over 5 years from July 2008 to June 2013. We collected information on children who were diagnosed with a TFB by bronchoscopy, and analyzed age, sex, location, type of foreign body, and various MSCT manifestations.ResultsA total of 382 children were included and 68.6% of them were aged 1 to <2 years. The majority (95.8%) of aspirated foreign bodies were vegetation items, and nearly half (47.6%) of them were peanut kernels, followed by sunflower seeds (26.2%). A total of 4.7% of TFBs were in the trachea, 51.0% were in the left main bronchus, and 44.2% were in the right main bronchus. Among the TFBs, 359 (95.5%) showed a high‐density shadow in the tracheal / bronchial lumen using MSCT, which could establish the presence of a foreign body directly. Emphysema, localized obstruction and pneumonia were more commonly detected in the 7–21 days and ≥21 days group compared with those in the <7 days group (all P < 0.01). Bronchiectasis was found in two children who were diagnosed at least 21 days after aspiration.ConclusionsMulti‐slice spiral computed tomography is very sensitive to TFBs. Timely diagnosis and treatment of TFB is important to prevent long‐term sequelae in children.
Monitoring of Solar Irradiance in the High Andes
Authors: Häder Donat‐Peter , Cabrol Nathalie A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSolar radiation has been measured in the high Andes near Laguna Lejia (latitude 23° 26′ 23.30" S, longitude 67° 38′ 14.29" W) at an elevation of 4715 m between December 2016 and December 2017. Irradiances were monitored in four wavelength channels: PAR (400–700 nm), UV‐A (315–400 nm), UV‐B (295–315 nm) and short‐wavelength UV‐B (295–310 nm) with a new radiometer. In addition, ambient temperatures were recorded. Record values have been found for PAR (exceeding 600 W m−2), UV‐A (close to 95 W m−2), UV‐B (3.13 W m−2) and short‐wavelength UV‐B (0.144 W m−2) during Austral spring. The winter irradiance values slightly exceeded 50% of these values. Maximal cloud effects due to multiple reflections were 45, 38, 32 and 35% higher than values under cloudless skies for PAR, UV‐A, UV‐B and short‐wavelength UV‐B, respectively. Record irradiance for this site shows a UV index reaching and exceeding 20, which is due to low solar zenith angles, the altitude, low water vapor and aerosol concentrations in the atmosphere as well as low total column ozone concentrations.
Magnetic characterization of the zigzag shaped J‐anomaly: Implications for kinematics and breakup processes at the Iberia–Newfoundland margins
Authors: Szameitat Luizemara S. A. , Manatschal Gianreto , Nirrengarten Michael , Ferreira Francisco J. F. , Heilbron Monica 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLithospheric breakup is generally defined as the process that results in a new plate boundary and oceanic crust. However, how this process occurs in magma‐poor systems remains debated. As recently suggested, the J‐magnetic anomaly at the Iberia–Newfoundland margins has polygenic sources and therefore cannot be interpreted as an isochron. However, the presence of the J‐anomaly on both margins suggests a common origin. By using analytic signal map of magnetic data, we highlight landward zigzagged limits for the J‐anomalies at the Iberian–Newfoundland margins. The zigzag segments neither match the axis nor the transform systems of previously proposed plate reconstructions, but are aligned with NE‐SW Palaeozoic trends. However, they can be fitted using recently published plate restorations, as expected if they have a single origin. Therefore, a link between the location of syn‐ to post‐breakup magmatic additions along the J‐anomaly and an inherited lithospheric trend is proposed.
Walkability and its association with walking/cycling and body mass index among adults in different regions of Germany: a cross-sectional analysis of pooled data from five German cohorts
Authors: Kartschmit Nadja , Sutcliffe Robynne , Sheldon Mark Patrick , Moebus Susanne , Greiser Karin Halina , Hartwig Saskia , Thürkow Detlef , Stentzel Ulrike , van den Berg Neeltje , Wolf Kathrin , Maier Werner , Peters Annette , Ahmed Salman , Köhnke Corinna , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Wienke Andreas , Kluttig Alexander , Rudge Gavin 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesTo examine three walkability measures (points of interest (POI), transit stations and impedance (restrictions to walking) within 640 m of participant’s addresses) in different regions in Germany and assess the relationships between walkability, walking/cycling and body mass index (BMI) using generalised additive models.SettingFive different regions and cities of Germany using data from five cohort studies.ParticipantsFor analysing walking/cycling behaviour, there were 6269 participants of a pooled sample from three cohorts with a mean age of 59.2 years (SD: 14.3) and of them 48.9% were male. For analysing BMI, there were 9441 participants of a pooled sample of five cohorts with a mean age of 62.3 years (SD: 12.8) and of them 48.5% were male.Outcomes(1) Self-reported walking/cycling (dichotomised into more than 30 min and 30 min and less per day; (2) BMI calculated with anthropological measures from weight and height.ResultsHigher impedance was associated with lower prevalence of walking/cycling more than 30 min/day (prevalence ratio (PR): 0.95; 95% CI 0.93 to 0.97), while higher number of POI and transit stations were associated with higher prevalence (PR 1.03; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.05 for both measures). Higher impedance was associated with higher BMI (ß: 0.15; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.25) and a higher number of POI with lower BMI (ß: −0.14; 95% CI −0.24 to 0.04). No association was found between transit stations and BMI (ß: 0.005, 95% CI −0.11 to 0.12). Stratified by cohort we observed heterogeneous associations between BMI and transit stations and impedance.ConclusionWe found evidence for associations of walking/cycling with walkability measures. Associations for BMI differed across cohorts.
Is type of work associated with physical activity and sedentary behaviour in women with fibromyalgia? A cross-sectional study from the al-Ándalus project
Authors: Girela-Rejón Maria José , Gavilán-Carrera Blanca , Aparicio-Ortega Esther , Borges-Cosic Milkana , García-Rodríguez Inmaculada C , Delgado-Fernández Manuel , Estévez-López Fernando 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesTo analyse the association between the type of work (productive vs reproductive work) and the levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in women with fibromyalgia.MethodThis cross-sectional study involved 258 women with fibromyalgia from southern Spain. Of them, 55% performed reproductive work (unpaid, associated with caregiving and domestic roles) exclusively, while 45% had productive job (remunerated, that results in goods or services). Physical activity of light, moderate and vigorous intensity in the leisure time, at home, at work, and totally were measured through the leisure time physical activity instrument and with the physical activity at home and work instrument, respectively. Sedentary behaviour was measured by the Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, fat percentage, education level and marital status, the multivariate analysis of covariance model informed the existence of significant differences between type of work groups (p<0.001). Women with productive work engaged in more light physical activity at work (mean difference =448.52 min; 95 % CI 179.66 to 717.38; p=0.001), and total physical activity of light (809.72 min; 535.91 to 1085.53; p<0.001) and moderate (299.78 min; 97.31 to 502.25; p=0.004) intensity. Women with reproductive work engaged in more light physical activity at home (379.14; 175.64 to 582.64; p<0.001). Leisure time physical activity and sedentary behaviour were similar in both groups (p>0.05 for all comparisons).ConclusionsWomen with productive work had greater levels of physical activity compared with those who only did reproductive work, except for physical activity at home. Having productive work might facilitate movement of women with fibromyalgia towards a more active lifestyle.
Clinical and cost-effectiveness of a diabetes education and behavioural weight management programme versus a diabetes education programme in adults with a recent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: study protocol for the Glucose Lowering through Weight management (GLoW) randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ahern Amy L , Woolston Jenny , Wells Emma , Sharp Stephen J , Islam Nazrul , Lawlor Emma Ruth , Duschinsky Robbie , Hill Andrew J , Doble Brett , Wilson Ed , Morris Stephen , Hughes Carly A , Brennan Alan , Bostock Jennifer , Boothby Clare , Griffin Simon J 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionPeople with type 2 diabetes (T2D) can improve glycaemic control or even achieve remission through weight loss and reduce their use of medication and risk of cardiovascular disease. The Glucose Lowering through Weight management (GLoW) trial will evaluate whether a tailored diabetes education and behavioural weight management programme (DEW) is more effective and cost-effective than a diabetes education (DE) programme in helping people with overweight or obesity and a recent diagnosis of T2D to lower their blood glucose, lose weight and improve other markers of cardiovascular risk.Methods and analysisThis study is a pragmatic, randomised, single-blind, parallel group, two-arm, superiority trial. We will recruit 576 adults with body mass index>25 kg/m2and diagnosis of T2D in the past 3 years and randomise them to a tailored DEW or a DE programme. Participants will attend measurement appointments at a local general practitioner practice or research centre at baseline, 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome is 12-month change in glycated haemoglobin. The effect of the intervention on the primary outcome will be estimated and tested using a linear regression model (analysis of covariance) including randomisation group and adjusted for baseline value of the outcome and the randomisation stratifiers. Participants will be included in the group to which they were randomised, under the intention-to-treat principle. Secondary outcomes include 6-month and 12-month changes in body weight, body fat percentage, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and lipid profile; probability of achieving good glycaemic control; probability of achieving remission from diabetes; probability of losing 5% and 10% body weight and modelled cardiovascular risk (UKPDS). An intention-to-treat within-trial cost-effectiveness analysis will be conducted from NHS and societal perspectives using participant-level data. Qualitative interviews will be conducted with participants to understand why and how the programme achieved its results and how participants manage their weight after the programme ends.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was received from East of Scotland Research Ethics Service on 15 May 2018 (18/ES/0048). This protocol (V.3) was approved on 19 June 2019. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and communicated to other stakeholders as appropriate.Trial registration numberISRCTN18399564.
Delaying clozapine: how long is too long?
Authors: Varghese M Tom , Jyothi KS , Shaji KS , Rita Venugopal Lekshmi 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundAlthough clozapine is the most effective drug for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, its use remains restricted in clinical practice in India. The delay in initiating treatment with clozapine and its impact on disease outcome needs evaluation.AimTo identify the implications of delaying clozapine initiation in clinical outcomes among people with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.MethodsSubjects with treatment-resistant schizophrenia, stabilised on clozapine monotherapy, were recruited from the outpatient clinic of a general hospital psychiatry unit offering tertiary care services in Thrissur district, Kerala, India. A retrospective cohort design was employed, and information on duration of illness, total duration of treatment and duration of treatment with clozapine was collected. Present symptom status was measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Factors associated with higher symptom scores were analysed using an independent samplettest, Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression.ResultsForty subjects stabilised on long-term clozapine therapy formed the study sample. The mean dose of clozapine used in the study population was 200 mg. The mean duration of antipsychotic treatment before starting clozapine was 89.3 months (7.4 years). The duration of treatment before starting clozapine was found to have a significant positive association with the total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score (correlation coefficient 0.40; p=0.01) and negative symptom score (correlation coefficient 0.33; p=0.04). The multiple regression analysis adjusting for covariates showed that the duration of treatment before starting clozapine was an independent factor associated with a higher negative symptom score in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (slope β=0.05; p=0.02; R2=0.27).ConclusionPoor treatment outcomes in treatment-resistant schizophrenia could be secondary to a delay in initiating clozapine therapy.
The descriptive epidemiology of standing activity during free-living in 5412 middle-aged adults: the 1970 British Cohort Study
Authors: Hamer Mark , Stamatakis Emmanuel 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundStanding is often classified as light-intensity physical activity, with potential health benefits compared with sitting. Standing is, however, rarely captured as an independent activity. To better understand free-living standing behaviour at a population level, we incorporated a gold standard postural allocation technique into a national cohort study.MethodsParticipants (n=5412, aged 46.8±0.7 years) from the 1970 British Cohort Study were fitted with a water-proofed thigh-mounted accelerometer device (activPAL3 micro) worn 24 hours continuously over 7 days (90.7% provided at least 3 full days). We examined the correlates of free-living standing during waking hours.ResultsTotal daily standing time averaged 4.6±1.5 h/d, accounting for 29% of waking hours, which was largely (98.7%) accumulated in bouts lasting less than 30 min. In mutually adjusted models, male sex, obesity, diabetes, professional occupation, poor self-rated health and disability were associated with lower device-measured standing times.ConclusionMiddle-aged people in Britain spent a surprisingly large proportion of the day in activities involving standing. Standing merits attention as a health-related posture and may represent a potential target for public health intervention.
Treatment of abdominal granuloma and hypercalcaemia caused byCladophialophora bantianawith combination antifungal chemotherapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a dog
Authors: Lester Mary , Walton Stuart , Vilaplana Grosso Federico , Shmalberg Justin 
Published: April 2020

A 5‐year‐old intact male Boxer was evaluated for a 4‐month history of ventral abdominal mass with fistulous tracts. Thoracic and abdominal CT revealed a large soft‐tissue mass in the rectus abdominis muscle extending into the peritoneal cavity. Cytologic and histologic findings were consistent with an intra‐abdominal fungal granuloma with pigmented fungal hyphae suggestive of phaeohyphomycosis. PCR of the isolated fungal organism confirmedCladophialophora bantianaas the aetiologic agent. Initial therapy consisted of oral terbutaline and itraconazole and weekly to biweekly hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Intralesional amphotericin B was initiated following diagnosis. Therapy was associated with transient draining tract resolution though the mass remained overall static in size. Hypercalcaemia with associated increased serum calcitriol developed with progressive disease, which resolved in response to low‐dose steroid therapy and a calcium‐restricted and vitamin D‐restricted diet. The dog was euthanised 13 months after initial presentation following the development of acute weakness, fever and dyspnoea.
Continuous Shuttle Current Measurement Method for Lithium Sulfur Cells
Authors: Maurer C. , Commerell W. , Hintennach A. , Jossen A. 
Published: April 2020

Lithium Sulfur (Li-S) batteries are a promising energy storage technology with very high theoretical limits in terms of specific capacity and specific energy. However, these batteries suffer from high self-discharge rates, associated with a low coulombic efficiency due to the polysulfide shuttle mechanism. A better understanding of the self-discharge characteristics and suppression of the self-discharge is of great interest for most applications. Hence, a continuous self-discharge current measurement method is applied to evaluate the self-discharge behavior of a Li-S battery, based on a corrected reference open-circuit voltage. The result is a continuous self-discharge current measurement method, that investigates the self-discharge in the upper plateau of a Li-S battery at 10 °C and 25 °C. This self-discharge current displays a plateau and extended balancing times directly before this plateau and is validated by a discrete self-discharge current measurement method at 10 °C and 25 °C. Furthermore, the activation energy is continuously calculated for the upper plateau and compared to a discrete reference measurement.
FBXW7 Triggers Degradation of KMT2D to Favor Growth of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Saffie Rizwan , Zhou Nan , Rolland Delphine , Önder Özlem , Basrur Venkatesha , Campbell Sydney , Wellen Kathryn E. , Elenitoba-Johnson Kojo S.J. , Capell Brian C. , Busino Luca 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Mature B-cell neoplasms are the fifth most common neoplasm. Due to significant heterogeneity at the clinical and genetic levels, current therapies for these cancers fail to provide long-term cures. The clinical success of proteasome inhibition for the treatment of multiple myeloma and B-cell lymphomas has made the ubiquitin pathway an important emerging therapeutic target. In this study, we assessed the role of the E3 ligase FBXW7 in mature B-cell neoplasms. FBXW7 targeted the frequently inactivated tumor suppressor KMT2D for protein degradation, subsequently regulating gene expression signatures related to oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Loss of FBXW7 inhibited diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell growth and further sensitized cells to OxPhos inhibition. These data elucidate a novel mechanism of regulation of KMT2D levels by the ubiquitin pathway and uncover a role of FBXW7 in regulating oxidative phosphorylation in B-cell malignancies.

Significance:
These findings characterize FBXW7 as a prosurvival factor in B-cell lymphoma via degradation of the chromatin modifier KMT2D.