bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why do people use new psychoactive substances? Development of a new measurement tool in six European countries
Authors: Benschop Annemieke , Urbán Róbert , Kapitány-Fövény Máté , Van Hout Marie Claire , Dąbrowska Katarzyna , Felvinczi Katalin , Hearne Evelyn , Henriques Susana , Kaló Zsuzsa , Kamphausen Gerrit , Silva Joana Paula , Wieczorek Łukasz , Werse Bernd , Bujalski Michal , Korf Dirk , Demetrovics Zsolt 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: New psychoactive substances (NPS) pose a public health threat. Many studies have tried to identify the reasons of NPS use; however, none of them have so far used any standardised measures. The aim of this study was (i) to develop and cross-culturally validate the New Psychoactive Substance Use Motives Measure (NPSMM) and (ii) to compare motives of NPS use across countries and user types. Methods: Three subgroups (socially marginalised users, nightlife attendees and members of online communities) of NPS users ( N = 3023) were recruited from six EU member countries. Demographics, motives and types of NPS used were assessed. NPS use motives were measured by adapting the extended six-factor version of the Marijuana Motives Measure. Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a similar five-factor solution across most of the countries: coping, enhancement, social, conformity and expansion motives. Marginalised users scored higher on coping and conformity motives, nightlife groups showed higher endorsement of social motive, whereas online community users showed higher scores on expansion motives. Various types of NPS were also associated with different motives. Conclusion: NPS use motives might be associated with both the groups of users and the specific types of NPS being consumed. Expansion (psychedelics) and enhancement (stimulants) motives seemed to be linked to the chosen NPS product type, while coping, social and conformity motives were rather associated with user groups. NPSMM was found to be a valid instrument to measure NPS motives.
Efficacy of povidone-iodine against accidental tumor incision during nephron-sparing surgery: experimental study in patients with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Gang , Zhi Chao , Zhu Dongsheng , Liu Zihao , Niu Yuanjie 
Published: February 2020

Purpose Accidental tumor incision (ATI) can occur during nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) and correlates with recurrence and metastasis. This study investigated risk factors of intraoperative ATI in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients after NSS and the efficacy of povidone-iodine for ATI. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 150 consecutive stage I (pT1N0M0) RCC patients who underwent NSS at The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University between May 2010 and October 2015 for the causes of ATI. Furthermore, in vitro experiments investigated whether tumor cells remained on the surface of scissors and the effect of treatment with povidone-iodine on the number of remaining 786-O cells. Results Among the 150 cases, 15 showed ATI, of which three suffered local recurrence during a median follow-up of 56 months. Pseudocapsules, satellite nodules, and renal cystic tumors were observed in ATI cases. In vitro experiments showed that tumor cells remained on the surface of scissors after ATI during NSS and that 0.5% povidone-iodine effectively killed tumor cells in 30 minutes. Conclusions The probability of ATI is high in patients with complex-type RCC during NSS. ATI potentially increases the chance of metastasis and local recurrence, and 0.5% povidone-iodine kills tumor cells more effectively than distilled water.
Bone mineral density and its correlation with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with hyperthyroidism
Authors: Liu Haixia , Ma Qihang , Han Xinli , Huang Wenwen 
Published: February 2020

Objective This study aimed to determine the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with hyperthyroidism after undergoing treatment. Methods A total of 120 patients with hyperthyroidism were selected as participants. Methimazole tablets were provided to all of the participants, with an initial dose of 20 mg/day and a maintenance dose of 2.5 mg/day for 1 year. Blood calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and thyroid hormone levels were assayed using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Levels of 25(OH)D and bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. BMD was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results Serum phosphorus, PTH, and 25(OH)D levels in patients with hyperthyroidism were significantly higher, and bone ALP and 24-hour urinary calcium levels were significantly lower after treatment compared with before treatment. BMD in patients with hyperthyroidism was significantly improved after treatment. In logistic regression analysis of BMD-related risk factors, bone ALP, PTH, and 25(OH)D levels were risk factors of BMD. Conclusion Treatment for hyperthyroidism should be supplemented with vitamin D and calcium, which have important clinical significance for adjusting bone metabolism and delaying the process of osteoporosis.
Preparation and antitumor effects of 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole Schiff base derivative
Authors: Jiang Guo-wei , Chang Qing , Liang Dong-yu , Zhang Yu-ting , Meng Yong-jun , Yi Qing-qing 
Published: February 2020

Objectives The purpose of this paper was to synthesize 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole Schiff base derivative and to evaluate its antitumor activity. Methods 2,4,6-Tris (4-formylphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution with reaction of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde with cyanuric chloride. Then, the intermediate was reacted with 1,2,4-triazole to form 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole Schiff base derivative by reduction and ammonification of aldehydes. The 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole Schiff base derivative was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and elemental analyses. Finally, the anticancer effect of 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole Schiff base derivative was evaluated by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay on a lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) and a human hepatoma cell line (Bel7402). Results The product synthesized in this study was confirmed to be 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole Schiff base derivative, and it significantly suppressed the proliferation of cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions We successfully prepared 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole Schiff base derivative and verified its antitumor activity.
Nivolumab efficacy in leptomeningeal metastasis of renal cell carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Bonomi Lucia , Bettini Anna Cecilia , Arnoldi Ermenegildo , Chirco Alessandra , Ghilardi Laura , Manara Ornella , Roscigno Marco , Da Pozzo Luigi Filippo , Tondini Carlo Alberto 
Published: February 2020

Background: Meningeal carcinomatosis is rare in patients with kidney cancer and treatment options are limited. Few patients treated with systemic approaches have been reported. We describe a case of complete remission of leptomeningeal metastasis in a patient with renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab. To our knowledge, this is the first report of nivolumab safety and efficacy in this particular site of metastasis. Case presentation: Our patient was a 60-year-old Caucasian man with bone and lung metastases from renal cell carcinoma. He developed leptomeningeal metastasis and progression of bone and lung lesions after only 2 months of his first-line treatment. He was then treated with nivolumab in second-line setting and experienced a rapid improvement of cancer-related symptoms, complete remission of leptomeningeal and lung lesions, and increased bone mineral density in bone metastasis. The patient did not experience any drug-related toxicity. Conclusions: Meningeal carcinomatosis metastasis from renal cancer is a rare condition. Diagnosis is often challenging: the onset of nonspecific presenting symptoms could be initially attributed to bone involvement, side effects of oncologic therapy, or paraneoplastic syndromes. Our case suggests that nivolumab could be an effective and safe treatment option in patients with pretreated renal cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis.
Establishing and measuring treatment fidelity of a complex cognitive rehabilitation intervention: The multicontext approach
Authors: Toglia Joan , Lee Alyson , Steinberg Chelsea , Waldman-Levi Amiya 
Published: February 2020

Introduction This article describes the process of establishing and measuring treatment fidelity of a complex cognitive rehabilitation intervention that uses a metacognitive strategy framework (the multicontext approach). We adapted treatment guidelines for use within an inpatient rehabilitation setting for people with acquired brain injury; explored training methods and therapist perspectives; developed and examined inter-rater reliability of a fidelity measure; and examined adherence to and proficiency of treatment methods. Method Therapist perspectives of the intervention and training were obtained from written questionnaires and reflections. Inter-rater reliability of 21 treatment components across 22 video-recorded treatment sessions was assessed by examining absolute agreement between two raters using Cohen’s kappa. The proportion of treatment components implemented in individual sessions as well as average proficiency ratings was calculated. Results The fidelity measure demonstrated good inter-rater agreement, ranging from 91–100% for treatment adherence and kappa of .77 to .94 for therapist proficiency. Adherence and proficiency varied between therapists but increased to nearly proficient levels with adjustments to training and procedures. Therapists highlighted the critical importance of video review as a training tool. Conclusion The fidelity measure provides a clinical tool for therapist self-reflection, supervision and training, as well as a tool for future research.
The effect of HIV status on post-stroke outcomes in personal activities of daily living
Authors: Augustyn Hymeri , de Witt Patricia , Franzsen Denise 
Published: February 2020

Introduction This study explored the impact of HIV on the functional recovery of personal activities of daily living of stroke survivors. This assisted in identifying possible implications for the rehabilitation of stroke survivors who are also HIV-positive. Method A quantitative, descriptive, longitudinal comparative research design was used to determine the change in personal activities of daily living scores of HIV-negative and HIV-positive stroke survivors from admission to 1 month after discharge. Data were collected at a rehabilitation unit using the South African Database Functional Measure. Results There was no difference in the rate and nature of functional recovery of personal activities of daily living between the two groups between admission and discharge. A difference was noticed during the period from admission to 1 month after discharge, during which the HIV-negative group continued to show improvement, while the HIV-positive group showed little improvement or a decline in personal activities of daily living scores. Conclusions While the rate and nature of functional recovery related to personal activities of daily living for HIV-positive and HIV-negative stroke survivors is similar during inpatient care, discharge planning for the HIV-positive group needs to consider the decline in personal activities of daily living functioning post discharge. Regular follow-ups and the inclusion of the stroke survivors in an outpatient treatment programme is recommended.
Stable expression ratios of five pyroptosis-inducing cytokines in the spleen and thymus of mice showed potential immune regulation at the organ level
Authors: Fan H , Zhang S , Li N , Fan P , Hu X , Liang K , Cheng X , Wu Y 
Published: February 2020

Background The immune system is one of the most complex regulatory systems in the body and is essential for the maintenance of homeostasis. Despite recent breakthroughs in immunology, the regulation of the immune system and the etiology of autoimmune diseases such as lupus remain unclear. Systemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic autoimmune disease with abnormally and inconsistently expressed pro-inflammatory cytokines. Pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory form of programmed cell death that is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. The thymus and spleen are important immune organs involved in systemic lupus erythematosus. Therefore, this study investigated the difference in expression of pyroptosis-inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines between the spleen and thymus in lupus model mice and in control mice, to describe immune regulation at the organ level. Objective To investigate differences in the expression of pyroptosis-inducing cytokines in the spleen and thymus and to explore immune regulatory networks at the organ level. Methods Two groups of lupus mice and two groups of control mice were utilized for this study. Using the thymus and spleen of experimental animals, mRNA expression levels of five pyroptosis-inducing cytokines (interleukin 1β, interleukin 18, NLRP3, caspase-1 and TNF-α) were determined via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, tissue distribution of these cytokines was investigated via immunohistochemistry. Results All five pyroptosis-inducing inflammatory cytokines showed higher expression in the spleen than in the thymus ( p < 0.05). Moreover, the spleen/thymus expression ratios of all five pyroptosis-inducing cytokines were not statistically different between the four experimental groups. Expression of all five cytokines exhibited a stable ratio (spleen/thymus ratios). This distinctive stable spleen/thymus ratio was consistent in all four experimental groups. The stable spleen/thymus ratios of the five inflammatory cytokines were as follows: interleukin 1β (2.02 ± 0.9), interleukin 18 (2.07 ± 1.06), caspase-1 (1.93 ± 0.66), NLRP3 (3.14 ± 1.61) and TNF-α (3.16 ± 1.36). Immunohistochemical analysis showed the cytokines were mainly expressed in the red pulp region of the spleen and the medullary region of the thymus, where immune-activated cells aggregated. Conclusion The stable spleen/thymus expression ratios of pyroptosis-inducing cytokines indicated that immune organs exhibit strictly regulated functions to maintain immune homeostasis and adapt to the environment.
Suspected hepatopathy and pancreatitis associated with mycophenolate mofetil use in a cat with immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia
Authors: Kopke Matthew A , Galloway Pru E J 
Published: February 2020

Case summary A 5-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was referred for severe anaemia. Findings on initial work-up were consistent with a diagnosis of idiopathic immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia. A combination of prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was instituted. On revisit approximately 2 months later, red blood cell parameters were normal, but the plasma was described as icteric, prompting further investigation. Concurrent hepatopathy and pancreatitis were diagnosed, suspected as being adverse reactions to MMF, as has been reported with use of the drug in humans. Resolution of serum biochemistry abnormalities took approximately 2 months, following discontinuing MMF. At the time of writing, the cat remained clinically well 1 year after initial presentation. Relevance and novel information With increasing use of MMF as an immunosuppressive agent in cats, clinicians should be aware of both common and potentially rare adverse effects, such as those described herein. In addition, suitable monitoring tools need to be in place to facilitate early detection and appropriate management.
No Need for Sternal Fixation in Traumatic Sternovertebral Fractures: Outcomes of a 10-Year Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Klei Dorine S. , Öner F. Cumhur , Leenen Luke P. H. , van Wessem Karlijn J. P. 
Published: February 2020

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objectives: Combined sternal and spinal fractures are rare traumatic injuries and present a high risk of spinal and thoracic wall instability. Limited research has addressed the treatment of sternovertebral injuries and biomechanical need for sternal fixation to achieve spinal healing. Methods: A 10-year retrospective cohort study was conducted, including patients with sternovertebral fractures admitted to our level-1 trauma centre between 2007 and 2016. Patients who died during hospital admission, military patients, patients with isolated upper cervical spine or lower lumbar spine fractures, and patients lost to follow-up were excluded. Results: In 10 years, 73 patients with sternovertebral fractures were included. Mean injury severity score was 24 (range 4-57). Most sternal fractures were located in the sternal body and manubrium. Spinal fractures were type A (52%), B (40%), or C (8%), and were located in the subaxial cervical (21%), upper thoracic (16%), thoracic (21%), thoracolumbar (47%) area; 7 patients had spinal fractures at multiple levels. Fourteen patients (19%) had a neurological deficit. A total of 42 patients received conservative and 31 patients received operative spinal treatment. Two patients (3%) underwent primary sternal fixation. Sternal failure rate was 1% and biomechanical spinal failure rate was 8%, there was no difference in treatment failure between surgical and conservative spinal treatment. Associated thoracic injuries did not influence sternal or spinal treatment outcomes. Conclusions: These findings indicate that conservative sternal treatment in presence of spinal fractures is safe and effective. The low spinal treatment failure rates imply that sternal fixation is not necessary to achieve spinal stability.
Stakeholder Assessment of Evidence-Based Guideline Dissemination and Implementation in a Dental Group Practice
Authors: Gruß I. , Pihlstrom D.J. , Kaplan C.D. , Yosuf N. , Fellows J.L. , Guerrero E.G. , Polk D.E. 
Published: February 2020

Objective: This evaluation captures the perspectives of multiple stakeholders within a salaried dental care delivery organization (dentists, dental assistants, dental hygienists, and dental management) on the implementation of a pit-and-fissure sealant guideline in the Kaiser Permanente Dental Program. Also assessed is the role of formal processes and structures in providing a framework for guideline implementation. Methods: We collected qualitative data through field observations, stakeholder interviews (n = 6), and focus groups (30 participants in 5 focus groups). Field observation notes captured summaries of conversations and other activities. Interviews and focus groups were recorded and transcribed. We analyzed transcripts and field notes using a template analysis with NVivo 12 software to identify themes related to the existing implementation process of clinical guidelines and stakeholder perspectives on the strengths and weaknesses of this process. Results: Stakeholders perceived 2 main barriers for achieving implementation of the pit-and-fissure sealant guideline: 1) shortcomings in the implementation infrastructure resulting in lack of clarity about the roles and responsibilities in the guideline implementation process and lack of effective mechanisms to disseminate guideline content and 2) resource constraints, such as limited human, space, and material resources. Perceived opportunities for the dissemination and implementation of guidelines included recognition of the importance of guidelines in dental practice and well-functioning workflows within dental specialties. Conclusion: Our research points to the importance of developing and maintaining an infrastructure to ensure standardized, predictable mechanisms for implementation of guidelines and thereby promoting practice change. While addressing resource constraints may not be possible in all circumstances, an important step for improving guideline implementation—wherever feasible—would be the development of a robust implementation infrastructure that captures and delineates roles and responsibilities of different clinical actors in the guideline implementation process. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study can be used by health care leadership and administrators to understand possible reasons for a lack of guideline implementation and provide suggestions for establishing sustainable infrastructure to promote the adoption of clinical guidelines in salaried dental clinics.
Quantitative Analysis of Ellipsoid Zone in Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy
Authors: Browne Andrew W. , Ansari Waseem , Hu Ming , Baynes Kimberly , Lowder Careen Y. , Ehlers Justis P. , Srivastava Sunil K. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: Quantitative end points for uveitis are needed. Here we quantify the rate of ellipsoid zone (EZ) recovery on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and correlate it with visual acuity (VA) improvement in patients with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigmented epitheliopathy (APMPPE). We use automated and manually graded EZ area analysis to assess EZ recovery in APMPPE. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 9 APMPPE cases (18 eyes) that had characteristic clinical examination and fluorescein angiography findings, outer retinal disruption on spectral-domain OCT, and treatment with systemic steroids after an unambiguous laboratory workup. The EZ was delineated using custom software to perform automated analysis and manual grading by 2 independent physicians. Quantitation of EZ changes was performed in ImageJ (National Institutes of Health). EZ maps were compared with equivalent findings from EZ en face OCT segmentation. Results: The 9 cases in our study were followed for an average of 198 days. Symptomatic improvement occurred in all eyes. VA recovery occurred in 83% of eyes and depended on presenting foveal involvement. Positive slopes of EZ area over time demonstrated recovery. EZ recovery profiles determined by manual and automated software demonstrated high Pearson correlation coefficients (0.78-0.94). Slab en face EZ analysis demonstrated moderate agreement. Conclusions: EZ recovery correlates with symptomatic and VA recovery. Automated EZ analysis shows strong agreement with manually graded EZ analysis in APMPPE. EZ recovery in patients with APMPPE provides a biomarker for recovery and may be applied to other diseases affecting the outer retina.