bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on Vitamin D Levels in Patients Attended at OPD of A Tertiary Care Hospital of Chattogram
Authors: Ahmed Shaheda , Uddin Md  Jalal , Khan AYM Masud Reza 
Published: June 2020

Background: Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin, having important role in calcium and phosphorous metabolism. Many researches support the role of vitamin D against cancer, cardiovascular diseases, fractures and falls, cognitive disorders, Parkinsonism, auto-immune diseases, respiratory ailments and depression. Thus Vitamin D Deficiency (VDD) is an alarming public problem. Purpose of this study was to measure the frequency of hypovitaminosis D among different age and sex group of Chattogram, Bangladesh.
Materials and methods: A cross sectional hospital based observational study was conducted over a period of six months from February 2018 to July 2018 at a leading diagnostic complex and hospital of Chattogram. A total of 243 patients were included in the study. Number of male and female respondents were 86 and 157 respectively. Age range was 15-85 years. Blood samples were collected aseptically after an oral informed consent. Serum vitamin D levels were estimated using standard laboratory technique (Chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay method).
Results: Among 243 respondents, male female ratio was 1:1.83, mean age was 47± 16.3 years, prevalence of hypovitaminosis was 82%, among male hypovitaminosis was found in 78% cases, whereas among female it was a bit higher with 84%. Sex difference was strongly significant with p value of < 0.01.
Conclusion: The present study has limitation with estimation of only vitamin D, in absence of valuable indicators of bone health like serum calcium, bone mineral density and parathyroid hormone. Factors like, less outdoor activities, obesity or covering whole body (Abaiya or burkah) in case of Muslim women, which could be responsible for more hypovitaminosis in case of female was not noticed. But it was very much clear that 45-60 years age group was the most vulnerable with highest level of hypovitaminosis-D in both sexes.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.18 (2); July 2019; Page 37-40
Use of Lateral Calcaneal Flap for the Reconstruction of Posterior Heel Defect
Authors: Chowdhury Maruf Alam , Sultana Taslima , Hossain Shakhawat , Islam Saiful 
Published: June 2020

Soft tissue defect of the lateral malleolus and achilles tendon is very challenging for reconstruction due to the bony prominence and limited local tissue availability. The purpose of this study to describe our early experience of 30 patients treated with this flap for reconstruction of posterior heel defects with or without exposure of tendo-achilles. The study was conducted at department of plastic surgery, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic Rehabilitation between 2015 to 2018. Twenty five patients (20 male and 5 females) with soft tissue defects over the posterior heel underwent reconstruction using a lateral calcaneal flap. The etiology is trauma in twelve patients, chronic ulcer in four and surgical wound dehiscence for repair of Tendo-Achilles in nine patients. Patients age range from 15 to 60 years (mean 35yrs) and follow up period ranged from 6 months to 2 years(mean 1 yr). All flaps had good perfusion and survived completely. In 3 cases there was partial loss of skin graft managed conservatively. The lateral calcaneal flap can be used safely to provide sensory skin coverage of posterior heel in single stage
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(3): 116-120
Eliminating Hepatitis B from Bangladesh by the Year 2030
Authors: Mustafa Md Golam , Alam Md Shahinul , Azam Md Golam , Alam Md Mahabubul , Islam Md Saiful , Khan Mobin 
Published: June 2020

Worldwide, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a major public health problem. Bangladesh having a large burden of HBV infection, should be a major contributor towards it’s elimination by 2030. The country has been making progress in reducing incidence of HBV infection during the past decades. The progresses are mainly due to large vaccination coverage among children and large coverage of timely birthdose vaccine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV. However, Bangladesh still faces challenges in achieving target of reduction in mortality from HBV. On the basis of targets of the WHO’s Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis 2016–2021, we highlight priorities for action towards HBV elimination. To attain the target of reduced mortality we propose that, the service coverage targets of diagnosis and treatment should be prioritized along with vaccination. Firstly, improvements are needed in the diagnostic and treatment abilities of medical institutions and health workers. Secondly, the government needs to reduce the costs of health care. Thirdly, better coordination is needed across existing national program and resources to establish an integrated system for prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment of HBV infection. In this way, we can make progress towards achieving the target of eliminating HBV from Bangladesh by 2030
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(3): 145-149
Dysphagia as an Uncommon Presentation of Disseminated Tuberculosis: A Case Report
Authors: Shil Bimal Chandra , Banik Ranjit Kumar , Saha Shasanka Kumar , Uddin Md Royes , Saifullah ANM , Rashid Md Mamun Ur , Mahbub Imteaz 
Published: June 2020

This is a case report of a 57-year old farmer who presented with a 4 months history of dysphagia and weight loss. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed submucosal swellings with overlying ulcers at mid to lower part of esophagus. Repeated histopathological evaluation of endoscopic esophageal tissue biopsies showed nonspecific findings. Endoscopic ultrasound showed a hypoechoic mass at submucosal layer with periesophageal lymphadenopathy. Endosonogram guided FNA materials depicted caseating granulomas. Patient was managed with anti-tuberculosis therapy. Follow up endosonography after therapy revealed resolution of the growth and the mediastinal lymph node enlargement and patient was symptomatically improved.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(3): 150-154
Pelatihan Menanam Kangkung dengan Sistem Hidroponik WICK di Kelurahan Tampa Garam Distrik Maladum Mes Kota Sorong
Authors: Fajeriana Nurul 
Published: June 2020

Kelurahan Tampa Garam yang wilayahnya berada di wilayah pesisir Kota Sorong dengan keterbatasan pada jenis tanah, curah hujan yang tinggi, topografi dari landai hinga curam, kepemilikan lahan,Â menjadi sulit untuk budidaya dalam bentuk pertanian konvensional. Sehingga untuk dapat memenuhi kemandirian pangan dalam hal sayuran maka dilakukan pelatihan budidaya kangkung dengan teknik hidroponik WICK yang lebih mudah dan murah. Kegiatan Pelatihan dilaksanakan pada hari Kamis, 25 April 2019 pukul 14.00 - 17.25 WIT, bertempat di Kantor Kelurahan Tampa Garam. Adapun peserta pelatihan terdiri dari ibu-ibu rumah tangga, anggota PKK Kelurahan Tampa Garam,dan juga bapak-bapak yang tidak ketinggalan turut ambil bagian dalam pelatihan. Total peserta pelatihan yakni 68 orang. Pelatihan dilakukan dengan memulai pemaparan atau pengenalan tentang Pertanian Hidroponik, yang dilajutkan dengan mempraktekkan tahapan budidaya, mulai dari cara melarutkan Pupuk ABmix, cara menyemai benih kangkung, dan cara menanam dengan teknik hidroponik WICK. Setelah mempratekkan, peserta kemudian diberi kesempatan untuk mencontohkan setiap tahapan. Antusiame warga yang luar biasa dalam pelatihan budidaya dengan teknik hidroponik yang merupakan hal yang baru bagi peserta sehingga seringkali tejadi diskusi disela-sela praktek yang dilakukan, dan pemateri masih terus mendampingi bahkan selalu mengulang rangkaian proses hingga peserta benar-benar mahir dan bisa melakukannya sendiri di rumah. Pelatihan dengan hidroponik WICK tidak memerlukan lahan yang luas melainkan pekarangan sempit yang dimiliki warga, sehingga tetap bisa bercocok tanam dan proses perawatan yang gampang dengan produksi yang banyak biasa membantu warga dalam menghemat pengeluaran atau belanja akan sayuran.Â Â
Keefektifan Simulasi Kewirausahaan Anak (SIKADI) untuk Menumbuhkan Jiwa Kewirausahaan Anak Usia Dini di TK Al Hidayah Semarang
Authors: Taulany Himmah 
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan Simulasi Kewirausahan Anak (SIKADI) di TK Al Hidayah Semarang dalam menumbuhkan jiwa kewirausahaan pada anak. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif karena akan melihat keefektifan model SIKADI. Desain uji keefektifan model SIKADI untuk menumbuhkan jiwa kewirausahaan anak di TK Al Hidayah Semarang adalah Pre-Experimental Design dengan bentuk one-group pretest-posttest design. Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah dengan pendekatan nonparametris melalui uji Two Related Samples Wilcoxon untuk aspek kognitif serta aspek afektif psikomotorik jiwa kewirausahaan anak. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengukur aspek kognitif adalah soal-soal SIKADI yang memuat gambar-gambar tentang kewirausahaan, sedangkan aspek afektif psikomotrorik diukur melalui pengamatan dengan lembar observasi Jiwa Kewirausahaan Anak yang memuat nilai-nilai kewirausahaan anak yang akan ditumbuhkembangkan. Simulasi Kewirausahaan Anak Usia Dini (SIKADI) dengan pendekatan mikroekonomi terbukti mampu menumbuhkan jiwa kewirausahaan anak di TK Al Hidayah Semarang. Berdasarkan perhitungan Test Statistic yang telah dilakukan, ternyata memberikan hasil: Pvalue (0,002) < 0,025 maka H0 ditolak, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa SIKADI efektif meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif tentang kewirausahaan pada anak-anak kelompok eksperimen TK Al Hidayah. Aspek afektif psikomotrorik juga menunjukkan hasil yang yang sama yaitu Pvalue (0,002) < 0,025 maka H0 ditolak, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa SIKADI efektif terhadap penumbuhan jiwa kewirausahaan anak-anak kelompok eksperimen TK Al Hidayah untuk aspek afektif psikomotorik. Saran yang dapat diberikan adalah tema dan sub tema kewirausahaan dapat digali lebih lanjut sesuai dengan kearifan lokal serta produk yang menjadi komoditi bagian produksi tidak selalu berbentuk makanan/minuman tetapi bisa juga berupa alat permainan edukatif. Kata kunci: anak usia dini, jiwa kewirausahaan
Media KARMAN (Kardus Ragam Permainan) untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Aspek Perkembangan Dasar Pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Wulandari Nofi 
Published: June 2020

Latar Belakang masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan melalui media KARMAN (Kardus Ragam Permainan) diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan aspek perkembangan dasar pada anak usia dini kelompok A di TK Islam Sultan Agung 01 Semarang. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah : Apakah penggunaan media KARMAN (Kardus Ragam Permainan) dapat meningkatkan aspek perkembangan dasar pada anak usia dini? Tujuan yang hendak dicapai dalam penelitian ini yaitu : Mengetahui apakah melalui bermain dengan media KARMAN (Kardus Ragam Permainan) dapat meningkatkan aspek perkembangan dasar pada anak usia dini. Berdasarkan hasil pengumpulan data pada siklus I, yaitu meliputi : lembar penilaian, lembar pengamatan anak, dan refleksi, maka dapat dilihat hasil sebagai berikut : (1) Pada siklus I, dapat dilihat tingkat aspek perkembangan dasar pada anak usia dini yang mendapat nilai Belum Berkembang (BB) sejumlah 1,4% yang mendapat nilai Mulai Berkembang (MB) sejumlah 3,2%, yang mendapat nilai Berkembang Sesuai Harapan ( BSH ) sejumlah 0,73%, yang mendapat nilai Berkembang Sangat Baik (BSB) sejumlah 0,66%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh pada siklus II, maka dapat dilihat hasil penelitian sebagai berikut : (I) pada siklus II dapat dilihat tingkat perkembangan dasar pada anak usia dini melaui media KARMAN (Kardus Ragam Permainan) yang mendapat nilai Belum Berkembang (BB) sejumlah 0 % yang mendapat nilai Mulai Berkembang (MB) sejumlah 0,46%, yang mendapat nilai Berkembang Sesuai Harapan ( BSH ) sejumlah 4%, yang mendapat nilai Berkembang Sangat Baik (BSB) sejumlah 1,53% dengan persentase tingkat keberhasilan anak pada siklus II adalah 85%. Berdasarkan data dan hasil pembahasan di atas maka peneliti dapat menyimpulkan sebagai berikut : Bermain melaui media KARMAN (Kardus Ragam Permainan) dapat meningkatkan aspek perkembangan dasar pada anak usia dini. Anak dapat belajar sambil bermain dengan berbagai ragam permainan yang menarik dan menyenangkan.
Multibeam spherotron
Authors: Kurayev A. A. , Matveyenka V. V. 
Published: June 2020

The article proposes two types of multibeam spherotron-diotron based on a two-spherical resonator (an early article suggested a spherotron-diotron with non-synchronous interaction on a bi-spherical resonator, where the electron beam in this generator passes along the resonator z axis from the outer sphere to the inner one and interacts with the longitudinal (axial) electric resonator field). The first spherotron type has electron beams going from outer to inner sphere with slope ϧ about the z-axis: ϧ=0, π/8, π/4. The electrons interact with the resonator field through the emergence of quadratic forces in the field increasing along the electron motion. The second type (inverted spherotron) has electron beams located in half arc of the equatorial resonator plane, and the electrons move from the inner sphere to the outside. The interaction in it is carried out due to the spatial electron phasing. Both spherotron types achieve efficiency of 30 % at ultra-high pulse power and tens of kuloampère of total beam currents. The data presented in the article indicate the prospects of broad application for the inverted spherotron by the following indicators: extreme ease of design; no precision gratings or combs are required with a step significantly shorter than the wavelength; no focusing magnetic systems are required; electronic efficiency from 26 to 45 % is ensured. Note that the spherotron is fundamentally a highpower device (10-100 MW in a 1-10ns pulse) for in order to maintain the efficiency of non-synchronous interaction, one needs a high strength of the electromagnetic field, which is achieved only with a high-power device.
Protection against traffic noise in urban areas in relation to noise control plans
Authors: Bohatkiewicz Janusz 
Published: June 2020

Exposure to traffic noise belongs to the most harmful impacts affecting people who live in towns. Nearly one third of residents of big towns in Poland suffers from permanent exposure to traffic noise, which may have adverse effects on health. The same refers to most European cities. The problems of noise is regulated by identical legislation in the EU and in Poland. Noise control in big towns arises from regulations related to obligatory provision of noise mapping and noise control plans. The plans contain, among other things, site-specific methods of protection against traffic noise. Those sites are defined by means of the “M” index, whose value is the higher the more people live in the area and the more permissible noise levels are exceeded. The noise control plans prepared to-date contain a range of methods and measures aimed at ensuring protection against traffic noise. In many cases those methods are nothing but improvised response and are not effective enough in towns, for example noise barriers. Results of pilot research indicates that comprehensive physical traffic calming measures may prove to be an effective and long lasting noise control solution in the surrounding of streets in urban areas. Physical traffic calming may be more effective than the measures commonly used so far which does not require additional land acquisition.
Safety management of the existing road network
Authors: Budzyński Marcin , Jamroz Kazimierz 
Published: June 2020

The objective of road infrastructure safety management is to ensure that when roads are planned, designed, built and used traffic accident risks can be identified, assessed and mitigated. There is a number of approaches, methods and tools for road safety infrastructure management. European Union Directive 2008/96/EC regulates and proposes a list of tools for managing road infrastructure safety. The paper presents two of these tools - classification of dangerous sections and control of the infrastructure in the field of safety. The final section presents the necessary directions for further action, particularly scientific research, supporting the management of the existing road infrastructure.
Monolayer asphalt pavement. Western requirements in Polish realities
Authors: Koźlarek Piotr 
Published: June 2020

Polish road network is made up of 95% local roads. Their technical condition is much worse in comparison to motorways and national roads network. The lack of financial resources is one of the main reasons for this situation. That is why there is a continuous search for technologies, that allow for fast and cheap pavement repair or modernization. The monolayer asphalt pavement is such a solution offering in addition to cost effectiveness and shorter construction time, also an increased durability. Our western neighbors developed the technical regulations for this technology under the name "Asphalttragdeckschicht" which is marked as AC 16 TD. In direct translation "Asphalttragdeckschicht" means supporting wearing course / base layer. The monolayer asphalt pavement consists of a single layer with thickness between 5 to 10 cm made of HMA that links the functions of two layers – asphalt base course and asphalt wearing course. Thanks to this, the monolayer is resistant to environmental conditions and provides an adequate bearing capacity for a given traffic load. Insufficient funding and the impossibility to put the street out of operation were the bases for the investor’s decision to build a 220m section of road pavement using the monolayer pavement technology in Pruszków near Warsaw. This project gave the possibility to learn and gain an experience with a new western technology applied to Polish reality.
Operating problems of buildings erected by using OWT large panel technology on the example of a ten-storey residential building in Rzeszów
Authors: Wróbel Krystyna , Kubiszyn Wiesław 
Published: June 2020

The article in general describes the problems- associated with maintenance of buildings erected in large panel technology and their importance. In particular, the issues of sustainability, safety and comfort of use of buildings erected in the OWT technology in the 80's and 90's were illustrated on the example of the last residential X-storey building built in this technology in Rzeszow, located in one of the housing estates. The building have been monitored by the authors of the paper since 2002. During that time many defects have been successively found and investigated.
Proposed remedial solutions aimed at bringing the building to normal state as well as providing a sense of security and comfort to ensure a good technical state of the building and enhance the residents’ feeling of safety. Some of the solutions have already been implemented, but some are waiting for implementation in conjunction with a thermomodernisation.
Flexural strengthening of RC beams by using a near surface mounted T-section profiles
Authors: Chołostiakow Szymon , Kotynia Renata 
Published: June 2020

The paper presents test results of an experimental program of four full-scale RC beams, strengthened in flexure with T-section carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) profiles and two reference beams subjected to a six point bending. The novel shape of CFRP profile combines both the near surface mounted (NSM) and externally bonded (EB) strengthening systems. The application of the CFRP profiles consisted of gluing both the web and the flange of the profile to the concrete surface. RC beams made of the same concrete class were differed by the internal steel reinforcement ratio and in a number of applied profiles. Efficiency of this new strengthening product was determined by comparison of the strengthened and non-strengthened RC beams. An increase of the CFRP-concrete bond area and high stiffness of the T-section profiles significantly improved the strengthening ratio (up to 130% of the reference beam) and reduced the maximum mid-span deflection (ranged of 70-80%) of the non–strengthened beams. The CFRP strain utilisation equal to 67% of the tensile strain corresponded to the maximum CFRP strains equal to 0,73%. The promising test results exhibit this system as a very attractive proposal of new strengthening technique used for field applications of the existing structures.
Comments concerning crack width calculation in joints of steel-concrete composite slabs
Authors: Knauff Michał , Niedośpiał Marcin 
Published: June 2020

In this paper some aspects of the calculation of the width of cracks in joints of steel-concrete composite slabs are reported. The code concerning design of composite steel and concrete structures for the calculation of crack widths refers to the code of reinforced concrete structures. The application of the formula, which takes into account „tension stiffening”, seems to lead to surprising results - for the elements with small reinforcement ratio, the obtained stress is much greater than the stress calculated in classical way i.e. without tension stiffening. The authors present the derivation of this formula - the result corresponds to the formula in the code but in the paper an additional case is taken into account. Furthermore, the authors suggest to consider two types of areas as in the RC code. Type D (D from "discontinuity") should be analyzed in the close surrounding of the column and type B (B from Bernoulli) areas at some distance from the column.
Comparative analysis of selected research methods for resistance to water and frost of asphalt mixtures
Authors: Plewa Andrzej 
Published: June 2020

Resistance to water and frost is one of the most important technical parameters characterizing the properties of asphalt mixtures. Environmental factors adversely affecting road surfaces affect the stability of individual structural layers of the road. In Polish climate zone, the road surface of the road is subjected to the processes of water infiltration, freezing and defrosting. This process is also very often accompanied by the salt used during the winter road maintenance. It is reasonable to control HMA for susceptibility to these devastating impacts. The assessment of water and frost resistance of HMA according to existing procedures consists of determining the decrease of the average indirect tensile strength of samples saturated with water in relation to dry samples. A major problem with the method used in Poland is the repeatability and reproducibility of the results of research. The paper presents the results of research and analysis methods for resistance to water and frost according to the requirements of the WT -2, AASHTO T 283-89 and " Scandinavian method". Asphalt mixtures AC type 11S and 16P AC have been tested. Asphalt mixtures resistance to water was determined by testing modules of indirect tensile strength under static load (ITS ) and the rigidity modulus under load modules (IT - CY).