bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What determines small farms’ succession patterns in Eastern European emerging markets? Exploring the role of embeddedness in social networks
Authors: Czyżewski Bazyli , Kryszak Łukasz , Bajrami Egzon , Lucasenco Eugenia , Muntean Andreea , Tošović-Stevanović Aleksandra 
Published: December 2024

PurposeThe interactive relationships of farmers with institutions and other individuals create the context of succession intention – “farm embeddedness”. This context shapes in long-term self-efficacy of farmers. The main goal of this paper is to study the contextual drivers of the choice of succession paths in small-scale farms which dominate in Eastern European countries. The studied pathways, ordered by farmers’ self-efficacy are “no succession”, “conditional succession”, “unconditional internalised succession” and “unconditional externalised succession”.Design/methodology/approachWe used a sample of 1,683 small farms from three Eastern European emerging markets: Romania, Moldova and Serbia. The likelihood of choosing a given succession path is analysed using a multinomial logit model; contextual drivers of succession are selected based on the theory of embeddedness.FindingsWe found that more-educated and more-efficient small-scale farmers are less likely to pass on their farms because of a kind of “glass ceiling”, so they do not want such a difficult future for their children. The most important determinant of unconditional/internalised succession is the successor formation through “training on the farm”. Some formal institutions operating in the agricultural sector hinder self-efficacy and thus unconditional succession.Originality/valueMost of the papers lack a theoretical background while demonstrating that economic drivers are crucial to succession. The embeddedness theory argues that economic activities are always anchored in a social structure. We contribute to this theory by showing that the embeddedness in social networks is more important than economic factors when smallholders transfer their farms to successors in post-socialist countries. In addition, we attempt to identify which particular types of social networks are most relevant to the multi-stage process of farm transfer, and we outline several transfer scenarios using the concept of self-efficacy.
The impact of corporate governance on narrative disclosure tone: a machine learning approach
Authors: Hasan Arshad , Sufi Usman , Elmarzouky Mahmoud , Hussainey Khaled 
Published: December 2024

PurposeThis study examines the influence of corporate governance indicators (CGIs) on the textual tone of nonfinancial firms in a developing economy.Design/methodology/approachThe data from 1,250 annual reports of listed nonfinancial firms in Pakistan are collected for 10 years. The narrative disclosure tone (NDT) is derived using the sentiment analysis of annual reports, resulting in six distinct NDT scores. The CGIs data are also extracted from the annual reports. The fixed effects model is used as the primary analytical tool, supplemented by machine learning-based linear regression. System GMM and two-stage least squares regressions are employed for robustness checks.FindingsThe findings reveal that most CGIs significantly influence all six NDTs. These results align with the existing theoretical literature, except those related to audit committee independence and gender diversity.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited to the use of annual reports as a source of narrative disclosures. Future research might employ other sources, such as earning press releases and social media.Practical implicationsWithin the unique regulatory environment of Pakistan, the study offers insights for regulators to enhance the efficacy of independent directors, discourage concentrated ownership and promote the inclusion of women in board subcommittees to establish the authenticity of textual disclosures.Originality/valueThe study adds to the limited literature on the determinants of NDT. It underscores the importance of understanding textual tone for informed investor decision-making and restoring investor confidence. Moreover, it contributes by focusing on six NDTs and exploring the interplay between CGIs and textual tone.
Early childhood teachers’ professional capital: a phenomenological study
Authors: Firat Kubra , Zapata Angie , Kuby Candace R. 
Published: December 2024

PurposeOveremphasis on teaching academic literacy and legislating high-stakes accountability measures have foregrounded narrow literacy approaches in early childhood settings and sparked debates over teacher professionalism (Reinking et al., 2023). This study examines the experiences of early childhood teachers following a two-year in-service Professional Development (PD) program. The PD program was designed to enhance the teachers' professional capital in early childhood literacies.Design/methodology/approachUsing phenomenology as the design of the study, three focus groups, one survey, and observations during two events were conducted to document “the essence” of participant teachers’ views and lived experiences (Creswell, 2013).FindingsOur data analysis revealed that participant teachers demonstrated an increased awareness of different literacy teaching approaches and applied new strategies in their literacy teaching through continuous discussions with other participant teachers and co-workers within their schools.Originality/valueThis phenomenological study underscores the value of integrating collaboration into in-service PD programs for leveraging teachers’ professional capital, in addition to strengthening their human and decisional capital, as reported by the teachers. The study also contributes to scientific knowledge about the ways teachers experience collaborative PD opportunities and their self-initiated strategies to create a cooperative learning environment at their schools.
Helping early childhood educators thrive: insights from human resource management
Authors: Masood Huda 
Published: December 2024

Purpose Early childhood education (ECE) workers (educators and caregivers) play an important role in fostering an effective learning environment for children. However, the alarming turnover in this profession has made it incredibly difficult for ECE programs and employers to retain and support this segment of the workforce. The purpose of this exploratory qualitative inquiry is to answer how early childhood workers experience workplace thriving.Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with employees of a community-funded childhood education and care program. A stratified random sampling technique was used to interview the employees who (i) had successfully completed the probationary period; (ii) qualified as ECE workers based on their job description or the human resources coordinator’s assessment. Interviews were conducted till the point of data saturation. Thematic analysis revealed how ECE workers professionally thrive at multiple levels.Findings The findings were clustered into five broader spheres in alignment with the social-ecological framework. The personal sphere showcased workers’ passion, work meaningfulness, value system and skill transferability. The microsystems included children, parents, workplace friends and managers as influencing actors. In the mesosystems, leadership processes and managerial support emerged as salient factors. The exosystems captured organizational objectives, job characteristics and work environment. Finally, in the macrosystems, industrial norms, labor market dynamics, and community-building informed workplace thriving of this population.Originality/value The current research applies the social-ecological lens to analyze the factors that help ECE workers professionally thrive. The social-ecological framework not only identifies multi-level recommendations but also the human resource management (HRM) interventions at the levels that need the most attention. The current research is among the first to analyze ECE workers’ professional thriving from an HRM viewpoint.
How natural resource consumption, trade, energy transition, and geopolitical risk drive sustainable development in G20 nations?
Authors: Li Jialin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe members of the G20 have seen remarkable fiscal growth in recent years, along with a rise in the demand of consumers for energy. The G20 countries, however, use a significant amount of energy products derived from fossil fuels, which could be harmful to the sustainable development goals. This paper assesses the complex relationships between commerce, the energy transition, the use of natural resources, banking development, monetary development, geopolitical issues, and ecological deterioration. For our statistical analysis, this study employed extensive fiscal models and empirical datasets covering the years 1990–2020. The statistical findings using the Moments Quantile Regression method show that breakthroughs in finance and energy transition guarantee sustainable development. The geopolitical risk, economic expansion, and use of natural resources all contribute to the decline of ecological conditions. But trading's overall effect on the health of the world was not consistent. Our thorough empirical study makes it possible for governments to recommend effective laws to solve environmental issues.
The impact of using cannabis during pregnancy on the infant and mother: An overview of systematic reviews, evidence map, targeted updates, and de novo synthesis
Authors: Munn Zachary , Pollock Danielle , Stone Jennifer , Hasanoff Sabira , Gordon Andrea , Price Carrie , Stark Michael , Barker Timothy Hugh 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundCannabis use during pregnancy is becoming more prevalent. While numerous studies have explored the relationship of cannabis use during pregnancy and outcomes for mothers and infants, uncertainty remains regarding the impact of cannabis use on pregnancy complications and later‐life outcomes for offspring.AimsTo produce a summary of the short and long‐term effects of prenatal cannabis exposure on fetal growth and development, neonatal conditions, later‐life, and maternal outcomes.Materials and MethodsAn overview of systematic reviews, an evidence and gap map, targeted updates of previous reviews, and de novo evidence synthesis was conducted. The databases searched include PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information); MEDLINE (Ovid); Embase (Ovid) and CINAHL with Full Text (EBSCO). Assessment of risk of bias was conducted in duplicate for all studies. Relevant studies were coded and are presented as an evidence and gap map. Where possible, meta‐analyses were conducted with a narrative synthesis of the results. Primary studies and systematic reviews examining the relationship between cannabis consumption in pregnancy and the effect on fetal/child development, antenatal, and obstetric outcomes during pregnancy were eligible for inclusion.ResultsThere were 89 studies/reviews eligible for inclusion in this review. There was a potentially harmful impact of prenatal cannabis exposure on all fetal growth and development outcomes, some neonatal outcomes, some later‐life outcomes, and some maternal outcomes. The evidence regarding other neonatal conditions, later‐life, and maternal outcomes was mixed.ConclusionsThe evidence suggests cannabis should be avoided during pregnancy.
Effects of customized corneal cross‐linking on higher‐order aberrations in progressive keratoconus and low‐grade myopia
Authors: Hayek Jad , Viberg Andreas , Elving Sofie , Fredriksson Anneli , Behndig Anders 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of customized corneal collagen cross‐linking (CXL) on higher‐order aberrations (HOAs) in keratoconus (KC): vertical coma (VC), horizontal coma (HC), spherical aberration (SA), trefoil (TF) and astigmatism, compared with the same effects in healthy eyes undergoing CXL for low‐grade myopia.MethodsThis mixed‐designed study included 38 eyes of 38 patients with KC, treated and followed prospectively, who received customized epi‐on CXL in high oxygen, and a retrospective control group of 23 eyes from 23 patients who underwent central 4‐mm CXL treatment for low‐grade myopia. VC, HC, SA, TF and keratometry values were obtained from Pentacam HR® measurements at baseline and at 1, 6, 12 and 24 months post‐treatment. Statistical analyses included paired T‐tests for changes over time and Pearson correlation tests to assess relationships between aberrations, best spectacle‐corrected and low‐contrast visual acuities (BSCVA and LCVA, respectively) and CXL parameters.ResultsReduced HOAs and improved visual acuities were observed in KC. A 20% reduction in VC was observed at 24 months (from −1.82 ± 1.15 μm to −1.46 ± 1.01 μm; 95% CI: [0.155, 0.629], p = 0.002), while a 17% reduction in HC was observed at 12 months (from −0.35 ± 0.56 μm to −0.29 ± 0.62 μm; 95% CI: [0.003, 0.096], p = 0.037). A positive correlation was found between baseline VC and the level of improvement in VC at 24 months (R2 = 0.200, p = 0.015). SA increased by 126% at 24 months (from −0.21 ± 0.62 μm to 0.054 ± 0.52 μm; 95% CI: [0.143, 0.347], p ≤ 0.001). TF and astigmatism did not alter from the treatment. In myopia, the natural positive SA increased by 57% post‐treatment (from 0.14 ± 0.061 μm to 0.22 ± 0.076 μm at 24 months; 95% CI: [0.067, 0.098], p ≤ 0.001), while changes in VC and HC were minor and BSCVA remained stable.ConclusionCustomized CXL effectively reduces HOAs in KC. For VC the improvement is larger in cases with higher preoperative VC, indicating that the concept of customization has its intended effect. Accordingly, SA and visual acuities improve in KC whereas CXL for low‐grade myopia tends to increase corneal SA unfavourably.
Meta‐Analysis: Global Prevalence and Mortality of Cirrhosis in Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Authors: Owrangi Soroor , Paik James M. , Golabi Pegah , de Avila Leyla , Hashida Ryuki , Nader Ariana , Paik Annette , Henry Linda , Younossi Zobair M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is responsible for a significant global health burden. Despite this burden, the prevalence and mortality of MASLD‐related cirrhosis remain inadequately defined, hindering effective public health strategies. This study aimed to estimate the global prevalence and mortality associated with MASLD‐related cirrhosis.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and SCOPUS was conducted using keywords related to MASLD and cirrhosis from inception of each database used through June 2024. COVIDENCE was used for abstract and manuscript review. MASLD populations were categorised into ‘general practice setting’ and ‘high risk setting’, which indicated studies from inpatient setting or those referred for liver biopsy for an indication (elevated liver enzymes). Our data extraction and quality assessment followed PRISMA guidelines. A random‐effects model was utilised for meta‐analysis.ResultsFrom 7924 identified articles, 35 studies comprising 513,742 patients with MASLD met the inclusion criteria. The pooled global prevalence of cirrhosis among MASLD patients was 3.26% (95% CI: 2.47%–4.31%) in general practice settings (4 studies) and 14.51% (95% CI: 11.22%–18.57%) among those in inpatient settings or referred for liver biopsy (31 studies). Regionally, higher prevalence rates in high‐risk settings were observed in North America and Australia (18.38%; 95% CI: 9.06%–33.75%), followed by Europe (10.16%; 95% CI: 5.71%–17.44%) and Asia (9.12%; 95% CI: 6.11%–13.40%) (p = 0.007). Notably, ICD‐based diagnoses indicated a significantly higher prevalence of cirrhosis (27.43%) compared to those diagnosed by liver biopsy (13.24%; p < 0.001). The pooled all‐cause mortality rate for MASLD‐cirrhosis patients was estimated at 7.91 per 100 person‐years (95% CI: 4.44–13.71) (9 studies).ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis underscores the substantial prevalence of cirrhosis among MASLD patients and highlights significant geographic and demographic variability, calling for improved screening and management strategies.
Robot‐Assisted Retroperitoneoscopic Traction‐Aligned Suture Repair of Failed Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty for Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction
Authors: Nakajima Hideaki , Tsukui Takafumi , Koga Hiroyuki , Lane Geoffrey J. , Yamataka Atsuyuki 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA case of redo pyeloplasty using robot‐assisted retroperitoneoscopic pyeloplasty (RARP) for failed primary laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) for ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is reported. A 12‐year‐old boy had LP elsewhere. He was referred for management of persistent left hydronephrosis, but was managed conservatively due to minimal symptoms and stable radioisotopic renography. When 26, he had a sudden onset of severe left flank caused by ureteropelvic anastomosis (UPA) stenosis. A double J stent was inserted and RARP was planned. A large retroperitoneal space was created using conventional retroperitoneoscopy and the proximal end of the stenosed UPA was excised. After docking a robotic surgical system, the most distal part of the renal pelvis was incised. Redo UPA was performed with interrupted sutures while approximating the edges by applying traction. There were no intraoperative complications. He remains asymptomatic 3 years postoperatively. Traction‐aligned suturing during RARP facilitated redo pyeloplasty by enhancing the precision of suturing.
Potential Social Behaviour and Feedback Strategies Related to the Burnout State of Learner Behaviour in MOOCs
Authors: Xia Xiaona , Qi Wanxue 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMassive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) effectively support online learning behaviour; while constructing a sustainable learning process, MOOCs have also formed the social network. In addition, learners' burnout state has become a serious obstacle to the development and promotion of MOOCs. This study analyzes the potential social behaviour associated with the burnout state of the learning behaviour and designs a fruit fly trajectory model to comprehensively analyse the learning behaviour and social behaviour. Enabled by the sector search mechanism, one improved generalised regression neural network accurately predicts the burnout state. Then, the changes in social behaviour and learning behaviour during the occurrence of burnout state are demonstrated, and strategies for warning learning behaviour, intervening in the learning state and optimising social behaviour are further derived. The entire study might improve the online learning process of integrating learning behaviour with social behaviour, providing effective technical means and reliable decision for learners, and reduce the negative impact of burnout state.
Limited use of FIB‐4 index in patients under 65 years of age with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kim Mimi , Yoon Eileen L. , Park Huiyul , Ito Takanori , Ishigami Masatoshi , Jo Ae Jung , Lee Chul‐Min , Kang Bo‐Kyeong , Kim Hye‐Lin , Arai Taeang , Atsukawa Masanori , Kawanaka Miwa , Toyoda Hidenori , Yu Ming‐Lung , Jun Dae Won , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimScreening for liver fibrosis holds significant importance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to their elevated risk of advanced hepatic fibrosis. However, it is recognized that the diagnostic performance of the Fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) index is relatively low in T2DM patients. Our study aims to explore the potential and limitations of utilizing FIB‐4 as a screening tool in patients with T2DM.MethodsA retrospective biopsy cohort of 1906 patients with biopsy‐proven metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease from South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan. Diagnostic performance according to T2DM was again compared after propensity score matching on age, sex, and body mass index.ResultsPatients with T2DM were significantly older than those without. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of FIB‐4 for ruling out advanced fibrosis in non‐T2DM patients was significantly higher than that of T2DM (0.821 vs. 0.761, p = 0.044). However, the AUROCs of FIB‐4 according to the same age groups showed no significant difference between patients with T2DM and without (all p > 0.05). In the middle‐aged group, the sensitivity of FIB‐4 for ruling out advanced hepatic fibrosis was 77.1% for T2DM and did not differ with that of non‐T2DM patients (73.0%) (p = 0.093). After propensity score matching of age, there was no statistically significant difference in the AUROCs of the T2DM and non‐T2DM groups (0.860 vs. 0.761, p = 0.142).ConclusionAlthough the diagnostic performance of FIB‐4 was found to be suboptimal in patients with T2DM, its limited use in individuals under 65 years of age with T2DM still holds value as a screening tool.
How does the transformation of Cerrado vegetation into exotic pastures affect insect communities? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Correa César M. A. , Salomão Renato Portela , Rivera‐Duarte Jose D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cerrado is the largest and most biodiverse savannah worldwide. However, only a reduced amount of this ecosystem is conserved, and in the last decades, the vast agricultural expansion resulted in the substitution of native vegetation for exotic pasturelands.
Insects are key components for both native and exotic ecosystems in Cerrado, performing critical functions for ecosystem maintenance. Our goal was to evaluate how the transformation of natural Cerrado into cattle pastures (exotic pastures) affects the insect communities in this biome.
We conducted a meta‐analysis using data on species richness and abundance data of insect assemblages from conserved Cerrado and exotic pastures. The analysis was based on a set of 23 scientific articles. Fourteen studies focused on Coleoptera and nine on Hymenoptera.
Conserved Cerrado encompassed a higher species richness of insects than exotic pastures, but their abundance did not differ between these two habitats. However, dung beetle abundance increases significantly in disturbed Cerrado over time. Synanthropic species that thrive in altered environments could be masking the actual decline in abundance of species sensitive to environmental disturbances provoked by exotic pastures.
Our results highlight the consequences of the structural homogenisation of the Cerrado into cattle pastures. That is, despite having a similar open‐canopy vegetation structure, this land‐use change leads to a significant loss of insect species, resulting in a drastic simplification of insect communities. This study reinforces the importance of maintaining native Cerrado patches in order to maintain diverse and functional ecosystems in this region.