bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant activity screening and chemical constituents of the essential oil from rosemary by ultra‐fast GC electronic nose coupled with chemical methodology
Authors: Nie Ji‐Yu , Li Rong , Jiang Zi‐Tao , Wang Ying , Tan Jin , Tang Shu‐Hua , Zhang Yi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDTraditional chemical methods were mainly used to evaluate the total antioxidant activity of essential oils. How to determine the bioactivity of each compound in mixtures is an interesting research topic. Nowadays, an ultra‐fast gas chromatography electronic nose (E‐nose) has been gradually used in the detection of volatile compounds, but the screening of the active components of essential oils has not been reported. E‐nose coupled with chemical methodology was established using the essential oil from rosemary (EOR) as a specific application example. The proposed method can both identify the chemical constituents of EOR and quickly screen the antioxidant by comparing the change of chromatographic peak area of every component in EOR before and after reaction with free radicals.RESULTSAmong all chemical constituents in EOR, verbenone, eucalyptol and o‐cymene showed the strongest scavenging abilities in 1,1′‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazine (DPPH·), 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethyl‐benzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonate) (ABTS·+) and hydroxyl (·OH) radicals, respectively, with scavenging rates of 67.9%, 39.5%, and 69.9%. The reliability and feasibility of using E‐nose to identify chemical constituents of EOR were verified by gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). The GC–MS/MS results showed that the main components of EOR were α‐pinene (422.2 μg g−1), p‐cymene (208.4 μg g−1), camphor (203.5 μg g−1), verbenone (160.2 μg g−1), and eucalyptol (129.1 μg g−1).CONCLUSIONSThe E‐nose methods can be used as a complementary method to traditional spectrophotometric techniques. Furthermore, this study will be of great significance for the rapid screening of antioxidant active components in essential oils from natural products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Protein, weight, and oil prediction by single‐seed near‐infrared spectroscopy for selection of seed quality and yield traits in pea (Pisum sativum)
Authors: Hacisalihoglu Gokhan , Freeman Jelani , Armstrong Paul R. , Seabourn Brad W , Porter Lyndon D , Settles A Mark , Gustin Jeffery L 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPea (Pisum sativum) is a prevalent cool‐season crop that produces seeds valued for their high protein content. Modern cultivars have incorporated several traits that improved harvested yield. However, progress toward improving seed quality has received less emphasis, in part due to the lack of tools for easily and rapidly measuring seed traits. In this study we evaluated the accuracy of single‐seed near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for measuring pea‐seed weight, protein, and oil content. A total of 96 diverse pea accessions were analyzed using both single‐seed NIRS and wet chemistry methods. To demonstrate field relevance, the single‐seed NIRS protein prediction model was used to determine the impact of seed treatments and foliar fungicides on the protein content of harvested dry peas in a field trial.RESULTSExternal validation of partial least squares (PLS) regression models showed high prediction accuracy for protein and weight (R2 = 0.94 for both) and less accuracy for oil (R2 = 0.74). Single‐seed weight was weakly correlated with protein and oil content in contrast with previous reports. In the field study, the single‐seed NIRS predicted protein values were within 10 mg g−1 of an independent analytical reference measurement and were sufficiently precise to detect small treatment effects.CONCLUSIONThe high accuracy of protein and weight estimation show that single‐seed NIRS could be used in the dual selection of high‐protein, high‐weight peas early in the breeding cycle, allowing for faster genetic advancement toward improved pea nutritional quality. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Diversity and distribution of yeasts in indigenous fermented foods and beverages of Ethiopia
Authors: Koricha Anbessa D , Han Da‐Yong , Bacha Ketema , Bai Feng‐Yan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs one of the origin centers of domesticated plants in the world, Ethiopia is rich in diversified fermented foods and beverages, in which yeasts are usually among the essential functional microorganisms. This study aims to investigate yeast species diversity and distribution in indigenous fermented products in Ethiopia using conventional isolation and molecular identification methods.RESULTYeast cell counts in 221 samples of various Ethiopian traditional fermented products, including fermented staple foods, alcoholic beverages, dairy products, and condiments, were compared using the typical dilution plating method. A total of 475 yeast isolates were recovered from these samples and 41 yeast species belonging to 25 genera were identified from yeast isolates using the sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit of rRNA gene. Candida humilis, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Pichia kudriavzevii, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were the most dominant species that were widely distributed among the majority of the fermented products analyzed in the current study.CONCLUSIONSignificant variations were encountered both in yeast cell counts, diversity, and distribution of yeast species among different types of fermented products and even among different samples of the same types of fermented products. It calls for a more extensive and systematic microbiological study of Ethiopian indigenous fermented foods, beverages and other related products that can be helpful for standardization and large‐scale production of these foods in Ethiopia. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Improved geographical origin discrimination for tea using ICP‐MS and ICP‐OES techniques in combination with chemometric approach
Authors: Liu Hong‐lin , Zeng Yi‐tao , Zhao Xin , Tong Hua‐rong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is an urgent need to strengthen the testing and certification of geographically iconic foods, as well as to use discriminatory science and technology for their regulation and verification. Multi‐element and stable isotope analyses were combined to provide a new chemometric approach for improving the discrimination tea samples from different geographical origins. Different stoichiometric methods [principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), back propagation based artificial neural network (BP‐ANN) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA)] were used to demonstrate this discrimination approach using Yongchuanxiuya tea samples in an experimental test.RESULTSMulti‐element and stable isotope analyses of tea samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry easily distinguished the geographical origins. However, the clustering ability of the two unsupervised learning methods (PCA and HCA) were worse compared to that of the three supervised learning methods (PLS‐DA, BP‐ANN and LDA). BP‐ANN and LDA, with 100% recognition and prediction abilities, were found to be better than PLS‐DA. 86Sr and 112Cd were the markers enabling the successful classification of tea samples according to their geographical origins. Under the validation by ‘blind’ dataset, the prediction accuracies of the BP‐ANN and LDA methods were all greater than 90%. The LDA method showed the best performance, with an accuracy of 100%.CONCLUSIONIn summary, determination of mineral elements and stable isotopes using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry techniques coupled with chemometric methods, especially the LDA method, is a good approach for improving the authentication of a diverse range of tea. The present study contributes toward generalizing the use of fingerprinting mineral elements and stable isotopes as a promising tool for testing the geographic roots of tea and food worldwide. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Graphene supported NiMo catalyst: A promising novel hydrocracking catalyst
Authors: Karimi Ali , Sadighi Sepehr 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe graphene nanosheet (GNS) is used as a catalyst support for various catalytic reactions. A comprehensive study of functionalized GNS (FGNS)‐supported catalyst for the purpose of hydrocracking (HDC) process provides a guide to exploring the potential applications and discovering their superior properties. In this research, to study the effect of the support on the conversion and selectivity of n‐hexadecane HDC process, experiments are carried out over a synthesized NiMo/FGNS (NMFG) and a commercial NiMo/Al2O3‐SiO2 (NMAS) catalysts in a fixed‐bed reactor. The functional groups on the NMFG surface anchor and disperse active metals on the catalyst surface, and they enhance the HDC conversion and stability of NMFG catalyst. Moreover, results prove that, in comparison with the commercial catalyst, NMFG increases the HDC conversion of n‐hexadecane about 48%, and decreases the coke deposition on its surface.
Investigation of a hydrophobically associating AMAHS polyacrylamides: A new corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl
Authors: Rao Xingxing , Zhou Long , Zhang Guanglong , Wang Xuan , Xia Shuwei , Yu Liangmin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA polyacrylamide with capsaicin‐derived monomers (AM–MAA–AMPS–HMBA–SMA; AMAHS) was synthesized and investigated as a novel environment‐friendly polymer inhibitor for Q235 mild steel at 25°C in 1 M HCl solution. The inhibition efficiency was evaluated by weight loss measurements, electrochemical experiments, and surface investigation methods as well as by theoretical calculations. Experimental results indicated that the efficiency of AMAHS was up to 94.86% at the concentration of 2 g/L. Electrochemical tests and surface morphology analysis showed that AMAHS served as a mixed‐type corrosion inhibitor, which could be adsorbed and self‐assembled on the surface of mild steel forming a highly hydrophobic protective film (contact angle of 172°). Density functional theory calculations revealed that heteroatoms in AMAHS, such as O, N, S, are active sites in forming coordination bonds with surface iron atoms. In addition, hydrophobic groups played an important role in protecting the metal surfaces from corrosion media.
Corrosion behavior of carbon steel in chloride and bicarbonate ion‐enriched and CO2‐saturated solutions
Authors: Wu Min , Zhang Shaohua , Hou Lifeng , Du Huayun , Yin Ming , Yi Pu , Liu Baosheng , Wei Yinghui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article addresses the knowledge gap in the area of the synergistic effect between Cl− and by comprehensively evaluating the corrosion behavior of AISI 1020 carbon steel exposed to the CO2‐saturated solutions containing Cl− and/or over the time period of 6–72 hrs at 60°C. The results show a synergistic mechanism between Cl− and in the pitting corrosion of carbon steel. accelerates the localized precipitation of FeCO3 crystals by means of increasing pH and adsorption, which is a prerequisite for pitting initiation. Cl− contributes to the catalytic dissolution of the Fe matrix along with film breakdown via the local accumulation of oxygen vacancies, and the pitting corrosion of carbon steel is, thus, further exacerbated.
Design of High Efficient Mid‐Wavelength Infrared Polarizer on ORMOCHALC Polymer
Authors: Islam Md Didarul , Kim Jun Oh , Ko Yeongun , Ku Zahyun , Boyd Darryl A. , Smith Evan M. , Nguyen Vinh Q. , Myers Jason D. , Baker Colin C. , Kim Woohong , Sanghera Jasbinder S. , Czaplewski David A. , Urbas Augustine M. , Genzer Jan , Ryu Jong E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhile an organically modified chalcogenide (ORMOCHALC) can be used to fabricate a polymeric mid‐wavelength infrared (MWIR) polarizer with competitive extinction ratio compared to the commercial wire‐grid polarizers, which are composed of fragile inorganic materials, there is still a knowledge gap regarding the systematic design process to obtain high transmission efficiency and extinction ratio. To this end, a computational parameter study for design optimization is conducted with the geometric parameters of the bilayer grating ORMOCHALC polarizer. The computational study shows that the Fabry–Pérot cavity is the primary mechanism that determines the transmission behaviors and the extinction ratio. A bilayer grating design, guided by the parameter study, is realized through the thermal nanoimprint and metal deposition processes. The extinction ratios measured with the Fourier‐transform infrared are 245, 304, and 351 at the wavelength of 3, 4, and 5 µm, respectively. Compared to the state‐of‐the‐art of the polymeric MWIR linear polarizers, the extinction ratio is improved by 1.4 times, and the transmission efficiency is increased by 2.5 times. Theoretical analysis with the multiple‐layer model based on the transfer matrix method predicts a matched transmission behavior with the experiment and a full‐wave electromagnetic simulation.
Effects of Disparate Water Temperatures and Food Bases on Humpback Chub Growth Rates within the Little Colorado River, Arizona
Authors: Stone Dennis M. , Pillow Michael J. , Young Kirk L. , Van Haverbeke David R. , Walters James D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We used translocation as a conservation measure to promote the recovery of an endangered freshwater fish species. We collected juvenile Humpback Chub Gila cypha from the lower 9.6 km of the Little Colorado River (LCR), Arizona, and translocated them upriver above a natural travertine structure called Chute Falls where the species was absent. The translocated fish were released at river kilometer (RKM) 16.2 above the mouth of the LCR. We measured growth rates across 14 size-classes of Humpback Chub in three contiguous reaches of the LCR. Growth rates were usually highest in the 3.8-km-long reach above Chute Falls (translocation reach), slightly lower in a short 0.53-km reach immediately below Chute Falls (Atomizer reach), and lowest in the lower 13.57 km of the LCR (lower reach). Most base flow of the LCR originates from relatively warm springs (20.6–22.8°C) that are located upriver from the translocation release site. The grand mean annual water temperature differences across eight years averaged 1.1°C/d warmer at RKM 16.2 than at RKM 1.05 and reflected a higher correlation to the growth rates of Humpback Chub in the translocation reach than in the lower reach. Moreover, this and other studies found that Humpback Chub's food base of prey fishes was also higher in the translocation reach than in the lower reach. High growth rates of juvenile Humpback Chub in the translocation and Atomizer reaches resulted in most reaching adulthood (200 mm TL) by age 2, a year earlier than most Humpback Chub in the lower reach did. Because higher growth rates of Humpback Chub in the translocation and Atomizer reaches provide a substantial head start for adult reproduction to commence, we suggest that translocating juvenile Humpback Chub to above Chute Falls is a management action that enhances recovery efforts of Humpback Chub in Grand Canyon, potentially at the population level.
Efficacy and Safety of Ertugliflozin in Patients with Overweight and Obesity with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Heymsfield Steven B. , Raji Annaswamy , Gallo Silvina , Liu Jie , Pong Annpey , Hannachi Hakima , Terra Steven G. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate ertugliflozin in patients with overweight and obesity with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsData from three placebo‐controlled, randomized, Phase 3 studies were pooled. Patients with baseline BMI ≥ 25 (1,377/1,544; 89%) were assessed with a stratification by BMI subgroup.ResultsAt week 26, reductions from baseline in glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose, body weight (BW), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were greater with ertugliflozin versus placebo. For placebo, ertugliflozin 5 mg, and ertugliflozin 15 mg, respectively, least squares mean change was 0.1%, −0.8%, and −0.9% for HbA1c and −1.2 kg, −3.1 kg, and −3.2 kg for BW. HbA1c reductions were consistent across BMI subgroups. For ertugliflozin 5 mg and 15 mg, least squares mean change (placebo adjusted) in absolute BW was −1.4 kg and −1.2 kg for BMI 25 to < 30, −1.8 kg and −1.9 kg for BMI 30 to < 35, and −2.5 kg and −2.9 kg for BMI ≥ 35. Percent BW changes were similar across BMI subgroups. Incidence of adverse events was 52.5%, 44.6%, and 50.1% with placebo, ertugliflozin 5 mg, and ertugliflozin 15 mg, respectively.ConclusionsMeaningful reductions in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, BW, and SBP were observed with ertugliflozin in patients with overweight and obesity with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ertugliflozin improved HbA1c and SBP and reduced BW across BMI subgroups. Ertugliflozin was generally well tolerated.
Biobehavioral Dysregulation and its Association with Obesity and Severe Obesity Trajectories from 2 to 15 Years of Age: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Francis Lori A. , Rollins Brandi Y. , Bryce Crystal I. , Granger Douglas A. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify obesity trajectories from childhood to adolescence (2‐15 years of age) and investigate differences in behavioral, eating, and adrenocortical regulation by trajectory membership.MethodsA total of 1,077 households from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development were included. Anthropometrics were measured 11 times between ages 15 months and 15 years. Behavioral self‐regulation was assessed at ages 3 and 4 years. Disordered eating behaviors and awakening cortisol were assessed at age 15 years.ResultsLatent growth curve modeling identified four BMI trajectories: two nonoverweight trajectories based on average BMI at the 40th and 70th percentiles and overweight/obesity and severe obesity trajectories. Youth in the severe obesity trajectory exhibited lower behavioral self‐regulation in early childhood and lower awakening cortisol at age 15 years compared with youth in the nonoverweight trajectories. Youth in the overweight/obesity and severe obesity trajectories showed higher levels of disordered eating behaviors at age 15 years.ConclusionsObesity trajectories were associated with biobehavioral markers of dysregulation in early childhood and adolescence. Dysregulation across biobehavioral domains was particularly apparent among youth who developed severe obesity. Further work is needed to better understand resilience factors that distinguish youth who develop obesity and severe obesity from those who do not.
Artist's creation and thinking process
Authors: Miyajima Tatsuo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractArt is mysterious and attractive, but sometimes difficult to understand. Especially, contemporary art is strange. I have lived as an artist for 30 years in that strange world. Some contemporary artworks look unfinished but are completed works. Or an artwork might be just a collection of garbage, but it is collected by a beautiful museum. How does a contemporary artist think and create a work? Also, what kind of aesthetic sense is required in judging a work, and distinguishing between finished and unfinished works? Or, what is the relationship between the concept and the physical work? Also, are the values of contemporary art completely different from those of Classical art, like that by Leonardo da Vinci or Rembrandt? I try here to describe the question about contemporary art and the thinking process required to make an artwork. It's a very complex process and judgment, but it's never a mystery or miracle; it's based on an accumulation of human aesthetics and many years of experience.
Hyperbranched polyurethane acrylates synthesized via copolymerization of monomers A2 and B3 with monofunctional compound BR added gradually at different rates
Authors: Cheng Kuo‐Chung , Cheng Pei‐Shan , Wang Po‐Chih 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA kinetic model was proposed to describe hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) formed by the polymerization of monomers A2 and B3 with monofunctional compound (BR) added gradually in a semibatch reactor. The dependences of the degree of polymerization (DP) and the degree of branching on the reaction time and the monomer compositions were calculated. The DP of the HBPs could be increased by the slow addition of BR in the reactor. If the monomers B3 and A2 were mixed at a molar ratio of B3:A2 = 1:3, and the BR was fed slowly into the reactor, the HBPs with weight average DP were approximately 3200 and 16 700 at conversion of 0.95 and 0.99, respectively, which were higher than those prepared by the batch system. This theory was further verified by an experimental demonstration. Hyperbranched polyurethane acrylate can be synthesized with a higher DP in a semibatch system than in a batch reactor.
On‐resin microwave‐assisted copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition of H1‐relaxin B single chain ‘stapled’ analogues
Authors: D'Ercole Annunziata , Sabatino Giuseppina , Pacini Lorenzo , Impresari Elisa , Capecchi Ilaria , Papini Anna Maria , Rovero Paolo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe development of conformationally constrained analogues of bioactive peptides is a relevant goal in peptide medicinal chemistry. Among the several classes of conformationally constrained peptides, the so‐called stapled peptides, which bear a side‐chain‐to‐side‐chain bridge, are particularly interesting since they offer the possibility to stabilize specific conformational elements, such as α‐helices or β‐turns. We describe an efficient and reproducible microwave‐assisted strategy to prepare side‐chain‐to‐side‐chain clicked peptides, performing the copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition on solid phase, using as a model peptide a portion of the H1‐relaxin B chain, which contains the binding cassette motif of this important bioactive peptide. All the relevant parameters, that is, resin, solvent, catalytic system, microwave energy and reaction time were optimized using a systematic one‐factor‐at‐a‐time (OFAT) approach. This method will be useful for the preparation of libraries of conformationally constrained relaxin analogues.
Argon–water DBD pretreatment and vapor‐phase silanization of silica: Comparison with wet‐chemical processes
Authors: Klages Claus‐Peter , Raev Vitaly , Murugan Divagar , Sai Vemulakonda Venkata Raghavendra 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA dielectric‐barrier discharge (DBD) in an argon–water mixture is applied to plasma pretreatment (PP) of amorphous silica for subsequent vapor‐phase silanization (VS) in the same reactor. Comparison of amino‐silanization of silica fiber‐optic biosensor probes using a PP/VS sequence with strategies involving wet‐chemical pretreatment or silanization shows a considerable improvement in reproducibility by the completely dry process. Practical applicability is demonstrated by an immunoassay with human immunoglobulin G as analyte. Thanks to the advantages of shorter processing time, avoidance of washing steps, and improved reproducibility, PP/VS is highly promising for industrial use.