bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moisture sources of extreme precipitation events in arid Central Asia and their relationship with atmospheric circulation
Authors: Xie Tingting , Huang Wei , Chang Shiqiao , Zheng Fei , Chen Jianhui , Chen Jie , Chen Fahu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough moisture is an important factor affecting precipitation in arid Central Asia (ACA), the water vapour sources and their influencing factors are unclear. This study investigates the moisture sources of extreme precipitation events in summer over Northern ACA and in winter over Southern ACA. The results show that in summer over Northern ACA, the water vapour at low and upper atmospheric levels is mainly transported from the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean. In addition, the water vapour in winter over Southern ACA is mainly transported from the North Atlantic and the Northern Indian Ocean. Among these sources, anomalous moisture from the North Atlantic is transported to Northern and Southern ACA along the Mediterranean pressure ridge and the Aral Sea pressure trough. In addition, anomalous moisture in Northern ACA from the Arctic Ocean is closely associated with the negative height anomaly near ACA and with the positive height anomaly in the Mediterranean extending northward to the Arctic Ocean; this results in the high‐latitude moisture transporting along the western edge of the cyclone in Northern ACA. In Southern ACA, low‐latitude water vapour from the Northern Indian Ocean is affected by negative and positive height anomalies in Northwest and Southeast ACA. In addition, significant ascending motion occurs in the study area which provides the necessary dynamic conditions for precipitation. The precipitation variations in Northern and Southern ACA are also related to sea‐surface temperature variations, mainly in the North Atlantic, Arctic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, and Northern Indian Ocean. Therefore, moisture from the North Atlantic, Arctic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean converge and together influence precipitation development during summer over Northern ACA and in winter over Southern ACA.Highlights
Arctic Ocean and North Atlantic moisture together influence summer and autumn precipitation in northern arid Central Asia.
Indian Ocean and North Atlantic moisture together influence spring and winter precipitation in southern arid Central Asia.
Sea‐surface temperatures in the North Atlantic, Arctic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, and Northern Indian Ocean have positive or negative effects on precipitation in arid Central Asia.
Washing fresh tea leaves before picking decreases pesticide residues in tea
Authors: Gao Wanjun , Guo Jiagang , Xie Liang , Peng Chuanyi , He Lili , Wan Xiaochun , Hou Ruyan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of pesticides during tea plant cultivation helps agricultural production and prevents and controls pests, diseases and weeds. It is of the utmost importance to balance pesticide application with tea quality, safety and consumer health. The uptake of pesticides into plants may lead to the presence of residues that are hazardous to human health, especially for some foliar‐applied insecticides. The movability or penetration behavior of a pesticide remains unknown after it has been sprayed on a tea leaf.RESULTSTwo organophosphate (acephate, trichlorfon) and three neonicotinoid pesticides (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and acetamiprid) were confirmed with respect to their removal from the treated fresh leaves of tea saplings via washing in a phytotron. Four of the targets have little penetrative ability into tea leaves, mainly existing (> 92%) on the tea leaf surface, except for trichlorfon (> 70%), for 30 days. With higher vapor pressures, trichlorfon and acetamiprid had relatively higher penetration ratios of 8.63–29.60% and 0.28–8.03% respectively. Two organophosphate insecticides were found to degrade more quickly, with lower final amounts of residues on and in the whole leaf compared to the neonicotinoid pesticides. In a field test, these residues could be reduced by 45–72% after a pre‐harvest interval of 3 days, and by 16–89% after 7 days, when the fresh tea shoots were sprayed with 2 or 4 L m−2 water.CONCLUSIONPesticides with different structures have different penetration abilities on the tea leaf surface, and some pesticides in commercial tea can be reduced by spraying with water before fresh leaves are picked. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Fast cropping method for proper input size of convolutional neural networks in underwater photography
Authors: Park Jin‐Hyun , Choi Young‐Kiu , Kang Changgu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe convolutional neural network (CNN) is widely used in object detection and classification and shows promising results. However, CNN has the limitation of fixed input size. If the input image size of the CNN is different from the image size of the system to which the CNN is applied, additional processes, such as cropping, warping, or padding, are necessary. They take additional time to process these processes, and fast cutting methods are required for systems that require real‐time processing. The purpose of our system to which the CNN model will be applied is to classify fish species in real time, using cameras installed in a shallow stream. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a straightforward real‐time image cropping method for fast cutting to the proper input size of CNN. In the experiments, we evaluate the proposed method using CNNs (AlexNet, Vgg 16, Vgg 9, and GoogLeNet).
Usability of the Experience Sampling Method in Parkinson's Disease on a Group and Individual Level
Authors: Mulders Anne E.P. , van der Velden Rachel M.J. , Drukker Marjan , Broen Martijn P.G. , Kuijf Mark L. , Leentjens Albert F.G. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundAround 50% of PD patients experience motor fluctuations, which are often accompanied by mood fluctuations. The nature of the relationship between motor and mood fluctuations remains unknown. It is suggested that the experience sampling method can reveal such associations on both a group and individual level. Revealing group patterns may enhance our understanding of symptom interactions and lead to more general treatment recommendations, whereas analyses in individual patients can be used to establish a personalized treatment plan.ObjectivesTo explore the usability of routinely collected experience sampling method data over a brief period of time to detect associations between motor fluctuations, affective state, and contextual factors in PD patients with motor fluctuations on a group level and on an individual level.MethodsEleven patients with motor fluctuations collected data at 10 semirandom moments over the day for 5 consecutive days.ResultsOn a group level, multilevel analyses showed significant associations between all motor symptoms and positive affect. Being at home was associated with increased balance problems and rigidity. Analyses on an individual level revealed much less significant associations that mostly, but not always, were in line with the results on a group level.ConclusionThis exploratory study showed significant associations between affective state, motor symptoms, and contextual factors in a group of PD patients with motor fluctuations, but less so in individual patients. Given that the ultimate aim is to use the experience sampling method as an aid to personalize treatments, the sensitivity of the approach needs to be increased. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
DNAJC6 Mutations Disrupt Dopamine Homeostasis in Juvenile Parkinsonism‐Dystonia
Authors: Ng Joanne , Cortès‐Saladelafont Elisenda , Abela Lucia , Termsarasab Pichet , Mankad Kshitij , Sudhakar Sniya , Gorman Kathleen M. , Heales Simon J.R. , Pope Simon , Biassoni Lorenzo , Csányi Barbara , Cain John , Rakshi Karl , Coutts Helen , Jayawant Sandeep , Jefferson Rosalind , Hughes Deborah , García‐Cazorla Àngels , Grozeva Detelina , Raymond F. Lucy , Pérez‐Dueñas Belén , De Goede Christian , Pearson Toni S. , Meyer Esther , Kurian Manju A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundJuvenile forms of parkinsonism are rare conditions with onset of bradykinesia, tremor and rigidity before the age of 21 years. These atypical presentations commonly have a genetic aetiology, highlighting important insights into underlying pathophysiology. Genetic defects may affect key proteins of the endocytic pathway and clathrin‐mediated endocytosis (CME), as in DNAJC6‐related juvenile parkinsonism.ObjectiveTo report on a new patient cohort with juvenile‐onset DNAJC6 parkinsonism‐dystonia and determine the functional consequences on auxilin and dopamine homeostasis.MethodsTwenty‐five children with juvenile parkinsonism were identified from a research cohort of patients with undiagnosed pediatric movement disorders. Molecular genetic investigations included autozygosity mapping studies and whole‐exome sequencing. Patient fibroblasts and CSF were analyzed for auxilin, cyclin G–associated kinase and synaptic proteins.ResultsWe identified 6 patients harboring previously unreported, homozygous nonsense DNAJC6 mutations. All presented with neurodevelopmental delay in infancy, progressive parkinsonism, and neurological regression in childhood. 123I‐FP‐CIT SPECT (DaTScan) was performed in 3 patients and demonstrated reduced or absent tracer uptake in the basal ganglia. CSF neurotransmitter analysis revealed an isolated reduction of homovanillic acid. Auxilin levels were significantly reduced in both patient fibroblasts and CSF. Cyclin G–associated kinase levels in CSF were significantly increased, whereas a number of presynaptic dopaminergic proteins were reduced.ConclusionsDNAJC6 is an emerging cause of recessive juvenile parkinsonism‐dystonia. DNAJC6 encodes the cochaperone protein auxilin, involved in CME of synaptic vesicles. The observed dopamine dyshomeostasis in patients is likely to be multifactorial, secondary to auxilin deficiency and/or neurodegeneration. Increased patient CSF cyclin G–associated kinase, in tandem with reduced auxilin levels, suggests a possible compensatory role of cyclin G–associated kinase, as observed in the auxilin knockout mouse. DNAJC6 parkinsonism‐dystonia should be considered as a differential diagnosis for pediatric neurotransmitter disorders associated with low homovanillic acid levels. Future research in elucidating disease pathogenesis will aid the development of better treatments for this pharmacoresistant disorder. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Knowledge‐based isocenter selection in radiosurgery planning
Authors: Berdyshev A. , Cevik M. , Aleman D. , Nordstrom H. , Riad S. , Lee Y. , Sahgal A. , Ruschin M. 
Published: May 2020

PurposeWe present a new method for knowledge‐based isocenter selection for treatment planning in radiosurgery. Our objective is to develop a prediction model that can learn from past manually designed treatment plans. We leverage recent advances in deep learning to predict isocenter locations in treatment plans in order to provide a decision support tool.MethodsThe proposed method adapts a geometric approach using orthogonal moment expansions as a feature vector for describing the shape of the tumor. Our approach accounts primarily for tumor shape and OAR proximity, the two factors that are known to greatly affect the isocenter placement. We solve the prediction problem by training a residual neural network with skip connections on the formed shape descriptors. Our network was trained on 533 patient cases and was validated on a set of out‐of‐sample cases.ResultsOur method generates heatmap predictions for isocenter locations that are in most cases comparable to the experienced human planners, which shows that the method can be used in treatment planning to guide the users for determining the isocenters.ConclusionsOur numerical experiments indicate a positive predictive value on an independent validation set when compared against a test dataset that was not seen by the model during training.
Sex‐opposed inflammatory effects of 27‐hydroxycholesterol are mediated via differences in estrogen signaling
Authors: Houben Tom , Bitorina Albert V , Oligschlaeger Yvonne , Jeurissen Mike LJ , Rensen Sander , Köhler S Eleonore , Westerterp Marit , Lütjohann Dieter , Theys Jan , Romano Andrea , Plat Jogchum , Shiri‐Sverdlov Ronit 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite the increased awareness of differences in the inflammatory response between men and women, only limited research has focused on the biological factors underlying these sex differences. The cholesterol derivative 27‐hydroxycholesterol (27HC) has been shown to have opposite inflammatory effects in independent experiments using mouse models of atherosclerosis and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), pathologies characterized by cholesterol‐induced inflammation. As the sex of mice in these in vivo models differed, we hypothesized that 27HC exerts opposite inflammatory effects in males compared to females. To explore whether the sex‐opposed inflammatory effects of 27HC translated to humans, plasma 27HC levels were measured and correlated with hepatic inflammatory parameters in obese individuals. To investigate whether 27HC exerts sex‐opposed effects on inflammation, we injected 27HC into female and male Niemann–Pick disease type C1 mice (Npc1nih) that were used as an extreme model of cholesterol‐induced inflammation. Finally, the involvement of estrogen signaling in this mechanism was studied in bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) that were treated with 27HC and 17β‐estradiol (E2). Plasma 27HC levels showed opposite correlations with hepatic inflammatory indicators between female and male obese individuals. Likewise, hepatic 27HC levels oppositely correlated between female and male Npc1nih mice. Twenty‐seven hydroxycholesterol injections reduced hepatic inflammation in female Npc1nih mice in contrast to male Npc1nih mice, which showed increased hepatic inflammation after 27HC injections. Furthermore, 27HC administration also oppositely affected inflammation in female and male BMDMs cultured in E2‐enriched medium. Remarkably, female BMDMs showed higher ERα expression compared to male BMDMs. Our findings identify that the sex‐opposed inflammatory effects of 27HC are E2‐dependent and are potentially related to differences in ERα expression between females and males. Hence, the individual’s sex needs to be taken into account when 27HC is employed as a therapeutic tool as well as in macrophage estrogen research in general. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Gremlin 1 — small protein, big impact: the multiorgan consequences of disrupted BMP antagonism†
Authors: Gooding Sarah , Leedham Simon J 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHighly conserved, complex and interacting morphogen signalling pathways regulate adult stem cells and control cell fate determination across numerous different organs. In homeostasis, the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway predominantly promotes cell differentiation. Localised expression of ligand sequestering BMP antagonists, such as Gremlin 1 (Grem1), necessarily restricts BMP activity within the stem cell niche and facilitate stemness and self‐renewal. In a new paper, Rowan, Jahns et al show that acute deletion of Grem1 in adult mice, using a ubiquitous ROSA26‐Cre recombinase, induced not only severe intestinal enteropathy but also hypocellular bone marrow failure suggestive of stem cell niche collapse in both tissues. Grem1 has an increasingly recognised pleiotrophic role in a number of organ systems and is implicated across a wide range of disease states. Although the importance of Grem1 in intestinal stem cell regulation has been well described, a putative function in haematopoietic niche maintenance is novel and requires further exploration. Moreover, the complex and context‐specific regulation of Grem1, among a host of functionally convergent but structurally disparate BMP antagonists, warrants further research as we learn more about the pathogenic consequences of deranged expression of this small, but important, protein. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Position paper: Challenges and specific strategies for constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome in low‐resource settings
Authors: Kebudi Rejin , Amayiri Nisreen , Abedalthagafi Malak , Rana Asım Noor , Kirmani Salman , Musthaq Naureen , Lamki Zakiya Al , Houdzi Jamila El , Yazici Hulya , El‐Naggar Shahenda , Edwards Melissa , Bianchi Vanessa J. , Durno Carol , Tabori Uri , Bouffet Eric ,   for the International RRD Consortium on Low‐Resource Settings Panel
Published: May 2020

AbstractGermline biallelic mutations in one of the mismatch repair genes, mutS homolog 2, mutS homolog 6, mutL homolog 1, or postmeiotic segregation increased 2, result in one of the most aggressive cancer syndromes in humans termed as constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD). Individuals with CMMRD are affected with multiple tumors arising from multiple organs during childhood, and these individuals rarely reach adulthood without specific interventions. The most common tumors observed are central nervous system, hematological, and gastrointestinal malignancies. The incidence of CMMRD is expected to be high in low‐resource settings due to a high rate of consanguinity in these regions, and it is thought to be underrecognized and consequently underdiagnosed. This position paper is therefore important to provide a summary of the current situation, and to highlight the necessity of increasing awareness, diagnostic criteria, and surveillance to improve survival for patients and family members.
Whole‐joint magnetic resonance imaging to assess osteonecrosis in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic lymphoma
Authors: Inaba Hiroto , Varechtchouk Olga , Neel Michael D. , Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Metzger Monika L. , Karol Seth E. , Ness Kirsten K. , Ribeiro Raul C. , Pui Ching‐Hon , Relling Mary V. , Sandlund John T. , Kaste Sue C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundOsteonecrosis is a debilitating complication in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (LLy). An objective screening test to identify patients at risk for symptomatic, extensive joint involvement will help manage osteonecrosis.MethodsWe performed a prospective, longitudinal pilot study with whole‐joint magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of shoulders, elbows, hips, knees, ankles, and hindfeet to evaluate the incidence and timing of osteonecrosis involving multiple joints in 15 patients with LLy aged 9‐21 years at diagnosis.ResultsOsteonecrosis affecting ≥30% of the epiphysis occurred in eight of 15 patients, with a high prevalence in hips (12 of 26 examined [46%]) and knees (10 of 26 [38%]) post reinduction I and in shoulders (seven of 20 [35%]) post reinduction II. Most osteonecrotic hips and knees with ≥30% epiphyseal involvement became symptomatic and/or underwent surgery (100% and 82%, respectively). All eight patients with ≥30% epiphyseal involvement had multijoint involvement. Seven of these patients had hip or knee osteonecrosis by the end of remission induction, and only these patients developed osteonecrosis that became symptomatic and/or underwent surgery in their hips, knees, shoulders, ankles, and/or feet; all of these joints were associated with epiphyseal abnormalities on post reinduction I imaging.ConclusionsMRI screening in adolescent patients with LLy revealed osteonecrosis in multiple joints. Initial screening with hip and knee MRI at the end of induction may identify susceptible patients who could benefit from referrals to subspecialties, more extensive follow‐up imaging of other joints, and early medical and surgical interventions.
Wear characteristics of glass‐polyester‐based hybrid composites: A parametric analysis using response surface method and fuzzy logic
Authors: Nayak Sandip Kumar , Satapathy Alok , Mantry Sisir 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMarble dust generated during processing of the marble producing rocks is a major solid waste with a detrimental impact on environment. Analysis shows that this waste has constituents having compounds like SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, etc., in different proportions. This paper explores on the possible use of waste marble dust as secondary filler in glass‐polyester composites and reports on its dry sliding wear characteristics. Such hybrid composites with unsaturated polyester as the matrix are fabricated by keeping the woven glass fibre loading fixed and by varying the weight fraction of the particulate filler, that is, marble dust through a simple hand layup route. Dry sliding wear trials are conducted under different test conditions as per ASTM G 99‐05 following the L30 model of response surface method (RSM). A parametric appraisal of the wear process is made using RSM and the significant control factors and their interactions influencing the specific wear rates are identified. Scanning electron microscopy of the worn composite surfaces is done to ascertain the wear mechanism. It is found that the presence of marble dust improves the wear resistance of unfilled glass‐polyester composites substantially. Further, prediction of wear rate of the composites for a wide range of filler content and sliding velocities is conducted using RSM and another prediction model based on fuzzy logic and the outcomes are compared.
Tobacco smoke exposure in pediatric cystic fibrosis: A qualitative study of clinician and caregiver perspectives on smoking cessation
Authors: Oates Gabriela R. , Harris William T. , Gutierrez Hector H. , Mims Cathy , Rutland Sarah B. , Ott Corilyn , Niranjan Soumya J. , Scarinci Isabel C. , Walley Susan C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTobacco smoke exposure has negative impacts on the lung health of children with cystic fibrosis (CF), yet evidence‐based strategies for smoking cessation have not been tested with or tailored to CF caregivers. This qualitative study identified barriers and facilitators of smoking cessation in this population and outlined potential interventional approaches.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with CF familial caregivers who were current or former smokers, and with members of the CF care team. We asked about experiences, practices, and prerequisites for a successful program. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded by two investigators. Analysis used a thematic approach guided by the PRECEDE model, which identifies predisposing (intrapersonal), reinforcing (interpersonal), and enabling (structural) factors relevant to health behaviors and programs.ResultsSeventeen interviews were conducted—eight with familial caregivers and nine with CF team members. Whereas caregivers provided greater insight into internal difficulties and motivators to quit smoking, clinicians offered more extensive input on barriers and solutions related to the clinical environment. Based on study recommendations, a successful tobacco cessation program should include (a) family education about the harms of smoke exposure for children with CF; (b) screening for exposure, ideally with biochemical verification; (c) access to trained tobacco counselors; (d) affordable pharmacotherapy; and (e) outpatient follow‐up of those undergoing tobacco treatment.ConclusionThis qualitative study revealed intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural barriers to eliminating tobacco smoke exposure in children with CF, outlined opportunities to address these barriers, and made recommendations for a comprehensive tobacco cessation strategy.