bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gewalt gegen Frauen – eine Auswertung von sieben Jahren Gewaltopferambulanz am Institut für Rechtsmedizin Greifswald (2011–2017)
Authors: Brackrock D. , Dokter M. , Eckhoff C. , Philipp K.-P. , Bockholdt B. 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie körperliche Untersuchung gewaltbetroffener, lebender Personen, aber auch in Fällen von Selbstbeschädigung, gehört zur täglichen Routine der rechtsmedizinischen Institute. Gleichwohl sind auch Ärzte anderer Fachrichtungen mit Opfern von fremder Gewalt konfrontiert. Die vorliegende Studie soll die Bedeutung einer gerichtsfesten Befunddokumentation bei Betroffenen häuslicher Gewalt außerhalb eines Strafverfahrens unterstreichen. In einer retrospektiven Querschnittsstudie wurden die Daten aus der rechtsmedizinischen Gewaltopferambulanz des Instituts für Rechtsmedizin Greifswald der Jahre 2011–2017 systematisch untersucht. Die Untersuchung ergab u. a. einen steigenden Anteil weiblicher Betroffener im Untersuchungsgut und als häufigsten Untersuchungsanlass den Verdacht auf häusliche Gewalt. Durch die jährlich steigenden Fallzahlen wird die Bedeutung der rechtsmedizinischen Gewaltopferambulanz für die umfassende Versorgung von Betroffenen von (häuslicher) Gewalt deutlich.
Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Addai Daniel , Zarkos Jacqueline , Bowey Andrew James 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is a complex 3D structural disorder of the spine that has a significant impact on a person's physical and emotionalstatus. Thus, efforts have been made to identify the cause of the curvature and improve management outcomes.

Aim
This comprehensive review looks at the relevant literature surrounding the possible aetio-pathogenesis of AIS, its clinical features, investigations, surgicalmanagement options, and reported surgical outcomes in anterior spinal fusion, posterior spinal fusion or combined approach in the treatment of AIS.
Adapting spherical-harmonics-based geometric morphometrics (SPHARM) for 3D images containing large cavity openings using ambient occlusion: a study with hermit crab claw shape variability
Authors: Ege Yannic C. , Foth Christian , Baum Daniel , Wirkner Christian S. , Richter Stefan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOne of the advantages of mesh-based geometric morphometrics (GM) over landmark-based approaches, is that it affords the possibility of the precise examination of highly irregular shapes and complex topographic surfaces. In the case of spherical-harmonic-based GM, the main prerequisite is a completely closed mesh surface, which is often lacking, particularly when dealing with natural objects. Here we present a methodology to prepare 3D segmentations with large cavity openings for spherical-harmonics-based GM analysis. This will be exemplified by a case study of hermit crab (Paguroidea, Decapoda, and Crustacea) claws. The joint openings of the claws—between manus and ‘movable finger’ (dactylus)—typify the problem of the large cavity opening. We described a methodology, including an ambient-occlusion-based segmentation algorithm, which leads to precise results and thereby enables the study of inter- and intraspecific differences in the shape of hermit crab claws. Analysis showed a statistically significant separation between all examined diogenid and pagurid claws, whereas separation observed between all left and right claws was not significant. Additionally, the procedure offers other benefits: it is easy to reproduce and causes little variance in the data, closures integrate smoothly into the overall structures and the algorithm saves a significant amount of time.
Chasing a ghost: notes on the present distribution and conservation of the sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys) in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Maria Joana , Paddock Christina , Gerini Federica , Borges Filipa , Aleixo-Pais Isa , Costa Mafalda , Colmonero-Costeira Ivo , Casanova Catarina , Lecoq Miguel , Silva Cristina , Bruford Michael W. , Varanda Jorge , Minhós Tânia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe West-African sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys) is threatened by habitat loss, hunting for meat consumption, and mortality during crop-foraging events. The species’ overall demographic trend is unknown. Presence and distribution in Guinea-Bissau, a country neighbored by Senegal and Republic of Guinea, was confirmed in 1946 but the species was declared extinct in 1989 and not observed in subsequent countrywide expeditions. Narratives of its presence across southern Guinea-Bissau are scattered in reports and occurrence in the eastern part was reported in 2017, but the limits of its distribution are currently unknown. Here, we present recent geo-referenced visual and molecular-based records of the sooty mangabey for three protected areas in southern Guinea-Bissau collected as part of a region-wide survey. Individuals were observed in Cufada Lagoons Natural Park (2015) and Dulombi National Park (NP) (2016) and photographed in Boé NP (2007, 2015 and 2020). Thirty-six samples collected in Boé NP (2017) were identified as sooty mangabey using a 402 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Our work suggests a wider distribution in Guinea-Bissau than previously described, augments knowledge of the populations’ current habitat use and threats, and has implications for efforts to conserve the species in West Africa. Considering the sooty mangabey as the reservoir of the simian immunodeficiency virus that led to the human variant, HIV-2, confirmation that the Guinea-Bissau population is not extinct may lead to a better understanding of early viral jump to humans and consequent epidemic spread, specifically of the HIV-2 Subgroup A. We highlight the need for extra conservation measures by Guinea-Bissau authorities.
Potential establishment and ecological effects of bighead and silver carp in a productive embayment of the Laurentian Great Lakes
Authors: Ivan Lori N. , Mason Doran M. , Zhang Hongyan , Rutherford Edward S. , Hunter Tim , Sable Shaye , Adamack Aaron T. , Rose Kenneth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBighead carp H. nobilis and silver carp Hypothalmichthys molitrix (collectively bigheaded carps, BHC) are invasive planktivorous fishes that threaten to enter the Laurentian Great Lakes and disrupt food webs. To assess the likelihood of BHC establishment and their likely effects on the food web of Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, we developed a multi-species individual-based bioenergetics model that tracks individual bighead and silver carp, four key fish species, and seven prey biomass groups over 50 years. The model tracks the daily consumption, mortality and growth of all individuals and the biomass dynamics of interacting prey pools. We ran simulation scenarios to determine the likelihood of BHC establishment under initial introductions from 5 to 1 million yearling and older individuals, and assuming variable age-0 carp survival rates (high, intermediate, and low). We bounded the survival of age-0 BHC as recruitment continues to be one of the biggest unknowns. We also simulated the potential effects of an established population of 1 million bighead carp or silver carp assuming variation in age-0 survival. Results indicated that as few as 10 BHC could establish a population assuming high or intermediate age-0 survival, but at least 100,000 individuals were needed to establish a population assuming low age-0 survival. BHC had negative effects on plankton and planktivorous fish biomass, which increased with BHC density. However, piscivorous walleye Sander vitreus appeared to benefit from BHC establishment. The potential for BHC to establish and affect ecologically and economically important fish species in Saginaw Bay is a cause for concern.
Causation between Pathway Completion and Reduced Hospital Stay in Patients with Lung Cancer: a Retrospective Cohort Study Using Propensity Score Matching
Authors: Furuhata Hiroki , Araki Kenji , Ogawa Taisuke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated that clinical pathway completion helps reduce hospital stays. However, our previous results showed only a correlation, not causation. Therefore, the current study’s aim was to analyze the causation between clinical pathway completion and reduced hospital stays for patients with lung cancer. Data were collected from April 2013 to March 2018 from the electronic medical records of the University of Miyazaki Hospital. We used propensity score matching to extract records from 227 patients. Patients were further divided into a pathway completed group and a pathway not completed group; 74 patients in each group were available for data analysis. Our main analysis involved estimating the discharge curve, which was comprised of the in-hospital rate and hospital stay. Additional analyzes were performed to compare the frequency of medical treatments registered in the clinical pathway but not implemented (termed deviated medical treatments). The occurrence of these treatments meant that the clinical pathway was not completed. The main results indicated a decrease in the in-hospital rate of the completion group, compared with the not completed group. The p value of the log-rank test was <0.001 for total patients and patients who underwent resection, and 0.017 for patients who did not undergo resection. Additional results indicated that a number of intravenous drips were not implemented, despite their registration on clinical pathways. Our results indicate that clinical pathway completion contributes to improved efficiency and safety. This simplified procedure is expected to be applicable to other diseases and clinical indicators.
Supervised Machine Learning mit Nutzergenerierten Inhalten: Oversampling für nicht balancierte Trainingsdaten
Authors: Stoll Anke 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungViele der aktuell im Forschungsbereich Onlinekommunikation untersuchten Phänomene wie Hate Speech, Inzivilität oder Offensive Language kommen in einer Stichprobe aus Nutzergenerierten Inhalten (User Generated Content, UGC) vergleichsweise selten vor. Sind die Kategorien in einer Stichprobe nicht gleich verteilt, spricht man von unbalancierten Daten. Für die Textklassifikation mit Überwachtem Maschinellem Lernen (Supervised Machine Learning) sind solche nicht balancierten Stichproben häufig problematisch, da sie die automatisierte Identifikation der Katgeorien erschweren und Klassifikationsmodelle (Classifier) oft ungenau und unzuverlässig werden lassen. Kommt eine Kategorie in den Daten nur selten vor, kann sie durch ein statistisches Klassifikationsmodell nur schwer erlernt werden. Zudem tendieren viele ML-Algorithmen dazu, bei Unsicherheit die vorherrschende Kategorie in den Daten vorherzusagen, und die Klassifikation wird zugunsten der überrepräsentierten Kategorie verzerrt.Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, inwieweit die Methode des Oversampling die Klassifikation von UGC verbessern kann, wenn eine Kategorie in der Stichprobe deutlich unterrepräsentiert ist. Hierfür wurden anhand von verschiedenen nicht balancierten Stichproben aus deutsch- und englischsprachigen Tweets und Nutzerkommentaren Klassifikationsmodelle für die Identifikation von Offensive Language, Inzivilität und Sentiment trainiert und getestet. Verglichen wurden die Ergebnisse bevor und nachdem die Oversampling-Strategien ROS (Random Over Sampling) und SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique) auf den Trainingsdaten angewendet wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sowohl ROS als auch SMOTE die Klassifikation von UGC in allen Stichproben deutlich verbessert, vor allem die Identifikation der unterrepräsentierten Kategorie. Die Anwendung von Oversampling führt zudem dazu, dass die Verzerrung der Schätzung zu Gunsten der vorherschenden Kategorie deutlich reduziert wird. Ziel der Studie ist es, Forschenden aus der Kommunikationswissenschaft Erkenntnisse darüber liefern, wie sich die Problematik von nicht balancierten Stichproben auf die automatisierte Inhaltsanalyse mit Supervised Machine Learning auswirkt und bis zu welchem Punkt diesem Problem mit Oversampling begegnet werden kann.
Effect of Heat Stress on Sargassum fusiforme Leaf Metabolome
Authors: Liu Lijie , Lin Lidong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTemperature is a major environmental factor affecting the growth, development, and productivity of Sargassum fusiforme. We aimed to assess the metabolic processes and regulatory mechanisms in S. fusiforme during a 7-day high-temperature (27 °C and 32 °C) experiment. Changes in chlorophyll content and electrolyte leakage after high-temperature treatment were investigated. Metabolic changes in the leaves of S. fusiforme were analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. High temperatures suppressed chlorophyll content and increased electrolyte leakage. Further, a strong modulation of various metabolisms was observed: organic acids, amino acids, sugars or sugar alcohols, esters, and amines. These metabolisms were significantly enriched in ten pathways under the 27 °C treatment: aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; cyanoamino acid metabolism; cysteine and methionine metabolism; arginine and proline metabolism; tyrosine metabolism; citrate cycle (TCA cycle); and glucosinolate biosynthesis. The various metabolisms significantly enriched seven pathways under the 32 °C treatment, namely, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; phenylalanine metabolism; tyrosine metabolism; arginine and proline metabolism; nitrogen metabolism; and isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. These changes in metabolic pathways may contribute to the tolerance and adaptability of S. fusiforme to high-temperature stress.
Predictors of Changes in Sleep Duration in Dutch Primary Schoolchildren: the ChecKid Study
Authors: Komrij Nina L. , van Stralen Maartje M. , Busch Vincent , Inhulsen Maj-Britt M. R. , Koning Maaike , de Jong Elske , Renders Carry M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundHealthy sleep duration is essential to health and well-being in childhood and later life. Unfortunately, recent evidence shows a decline in sleep duration among children. Although effective interventions promoting healthy sleep duration require insight into its predictors, data on these factors are scarce. This study therefore investigated (i) which individual (lifestyle), social and cultural factors, and living conditions and (ii) which changes in these factors might be associated with the changes in sleep duration of Dutch primary schoolchildren observed over time.MethodData from the ChecKid study was used, a dynamic cohort study among 4–13-year-old children living in the city of Zwolle, the Netherlands. Associations between changes in sleep duration and individual (lifestyle) factors (i.e., age, sex, physical activity behavior, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, screen behavior), social and cultural factors (i.e., parental rules, ethnicity), and living conditions (i.e., parental education, presence of screens in the bedroom, household size) were analyzed using multivariable linear regression.ResultsA total of 1180 children participated, aged 6.6 ± 1.4 years in 2009. Mean sleep duration decreased from 11.4 ± 0.5 h/night in 2009 to 11.0 ± 0.5 h/night in 2012. Older children, boys, children who used screens after dinner, children with greater computer/game console use, and children whose parents had low levels of education had a greater decrease in sleep duration.ConclusionsThis article reports on one of the first large, longitudinal cohort studies on predictors of child sleep duration. The results of the study can inform future interventions aimed at promoting healthy sleep in primary schoolchildren.
Characteristics and Causes of Extreme Rainfall Induced by Binary Tropical Cyclones over China
Authors: Wang Mingyang , Ren Fumin , Xie Yanjun , Li Guoping , Yang Ming-Jen , Feng Tian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBinary tropical cyclones (BTC) often bring disastrous rainfall to China. From the viewpoint of the extreme of the BTC maximum daily rainfall, the characteristics of BTC extreme rainfall (BTCER) during 1960–2018 are analyzed, using daily rainfall data; and some representative large-scale mean flows, in which the associated BTCs are embedded, are analyzed. Results show that the frequency of BTCER shows a decreasing trend [−0.49 (10 yr)−1] and is mainly distributed within the BTC heavy rainstorm interval (100 mm ≤ BTCER <250 mm). BTCER occurs mostly from July to September with a peak in August. Three BTCER typical regions— Minbei, the Pearl River Delta (PRD), and Taiwan—are identified according to the clustering of stations with high BTCER frequency and large BTCER. A further analysis of the 850-hPa BTC composite horizontal wind and water vapor flux over the PRD region shows the existence of two water vapor transport channels, which transport water vapor to the western tropical cyclone. In the first of these channels, the transport takes place via the southwest monsoon, which accounts for 58% of the total moisture, and an easterly flow associated with eastern tropical cyclone accounts for the remaining 42%.
Lernen im Prozess der Arbeit: Entwicklung, Umsetzung und Evaluation einer Weiterbildung zur manuellen Montage unter Einsatz von Autorensystemen
Authors: Goppold Marvin , Frenz Martin 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag stellt ein Weiterbildungskonzept für formal Nichtqualifizierte als heterogene Zielgruppe in der industriellen manuellen Montage vor. Auf Grundlage einer arbeitswissenschaftlichen Analyse der Erwerbsarbeit wird ein gestaltungsorientiertes Lernkonzept vorgestellt, das arbeitsintegriert eingesetzt wird. Die Nutzung der Autorensystemmethode ermöglicht es, den Arbeitsprozess mit einem Lernprozess der Videotutorialerstellung zu überlagern und dadurch die Arbeitsprozessgestaltung zu reflektieren. Basierend auf der didaktischen Leitidee der reflexiven Handlungsfähigkeit wird die Vorgehensweise von der Arbeitsanalyse bis zur Ausgestaltung der konkreten Lehr-Lern-Arrangements aufgezeigt. Die Ergebnisse der Evaluation mit Hilfe einer Kompetenzbilanzierung und Bewertung der Tutorials als Arbeitsergebnisse zeigen die Unterschiede in der heterogenen Zielgruppe und Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten auf.Praktische Relevanz:Der Beitrag zeigt eine arbeitsprozessbegleitende Kompetenzbilanzierung, welche für Zertifizierungen genutzt werden kann. Daneben wird ein Best-Practice-Beispiel für die Umsetzung von arbeitsprozessintegriertem Lernen erläutert, welches auf viele innerbetriebliche Prozesse von produzierenden Branchen übertragen werden kann. Das Konzept ermöglicht Lernen direkt am Arbeitsplatz und fördert Prozessverständnis, welches im kontinuierlichen Verbesserungsprozess von hoher Relevanz ist.
Helicobacter pylori infection induced genome instability and gastric cancer
Authors: Liu Xiangyu , Irfan Muhammad , Xu Xingzhi , Tay Chi-Yen , Marshall Barry J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGenome stability and integrity are constantly challenged by exogenous insults such as bacterial infections. When genome stability is perturbed, oncogenic transformation can ensue.Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection is a driving factor of gastric cancer, which is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Mechanistically,H. pyloriinfection drives inflammation and directly or indirectly induces DNA damage such as oxidative damage and double-strand breaks (DSBs) in host cells. In addition, the resulting genetic and/or epigenetic perturbations alter the choice of DNA repair pathways. These changes result in imprecise DNA repair, genomic instability as well as chromosomal aberrations that eventually lead to gastric carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms howH. pyloriinfection cause DNA damage and alter the DNA damage response pathways in host cells. We highlight the relationship betweenH. pyloriinfection and genomic instability that can lead to gastric cancer and propose a potential strategy to interrupt gastric carcinogenesis.
Strategies for Peripheral Nerve Repair
Authors: Wilcox Matthew , Gregory Holly , Powell Rebecca , Quick Tom J. , Phillips James B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review focuses on biomechanical and cellular considerations required for development of biomaterials and engineered tissues suitable for implantation following PNI, as well as translational requirements relating to outcome measurements for testing success in patients.Recent FindingsTherapies that incorporate multiple aspects of the regenerative environment are likely to be key to improving therapies for nerve regeneration. This represents a complex challenge when considering the diversity of biological, chemical and mechanical factors involved. In addition, clinical outcome measures following peripheral nerve repair which are sensitive and responsive to changes in the tissue microenvironment following neural injury and regeneration are required.SummaryEffective new therapies for the treatment of PNI are likely to include engineered tissues and biomaterials able to evoke a tissue microenvironment that incorporates both biochemical and mechanical features supportive to regeneration. Translational development of these technologies towards clinical use in humans drives a concomitant need for improved clinical measures to quantify nerve regeneration.
Targeted recruitment of optimal donors for unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Fingrut Warren , Messner Hans A. , Allan David 
Published: April 2020

Objective/Background:
Patients in need of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation often cannot find a suitable HLA-matched donor in their families and rely on unrelated donors. Individuals can register with their country’s donor registry either online or at a stem cell drive by providing consent and a tissue sample for typing.

Methods:
Stem Cell Club is a donor recruitment organization in Canada that recruits Canadians as stem cell donors. This article outlines the Stem Cell Club’s protocol for donor recruitment at stem cell drives including five core components: prescreening, informed consent, registration, tissue sample collection, and reconciliation.

Results:
At stem cell drives, recruiters approach individuals from the most-needed demographic groups, catch their attention, explain the purpose of the drive, and prescreen them to ensure eligibility. Recruiters then secure informed consent, educating registrants about the stem cell donation process, the risks involved, the right to withdraw, and donor-patient anonymity. Recruiters subsequently ask registrants to register by providing their contact/demographic information, completing a health questionnaire, and signing a consent form. Recruiters also guide registrants to provide a tissue sample (e.g., buccal swab) for typing. Finally, recruiters reconcile completed registration kits and prepare them for shipment to the donor registry. Data are presented demonstrating the effectiveness of stem cell drives employing this protocol on recruitment of the most-needed donor demographics and of quality donors.

Conclusion:
This protocol incorporates best practices for unrelated donor recruitment. It is relevant to donor recruitment organizations worldwide seeking to improve their recruitment efforts and standardize registrant experience.