bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Viral Suppression With Streamlined Care in the SEARCH Study
Authors: Hickey Matthew D. , Ayieko James , Kwarisiima Dalsone , Opel Fredrick J. , Owaraganise Asiphas , Balzer Laura B. , Chamie Gabriel , Jain Vivek , Peng James , Camlin Carol , Charlebois Edwin D. , Cohen Craig R. , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Kamya Moses R. , Petersen Maya L. , Havlir Diane V. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
HIV differentiated service delivery (DSD) models are scaling up in resource-limited settings for stable patients; less is known about DSD outcomes for patients with viremia. We evaluated the effect on viral suppression (VS) of a streamlined care DSD model implemented in the SEARCH randomized universal test and treat trial in rural Uganda and Kenya (NCT:01864603).

Methods:
We included HIV-infected adults at baseline (2013) who were country guideline antiretroviral therapy (ART) eligible (prior ART experience or CD4 ≤ 350) with ≥1 HIV clinic visit between 2013 and 2017 in SEARCH communities randomized to intervention (N = 16) or control (N = 16). We assessed the effect of streamlined care in intervention community clinics (patient-centered care, increased appointment spacing, improved clinic access, reminders, and tracking) on VS at 3 years. Analysis was stratified by the baseline care status: ART-experienced with viremia, ART-naïve with CD4 ≤ 350, or ART-experienced with VS.

Results:
Among 6190 ART-eligible persons in care, year 3 VS was 90% in intervention and 87% in control arms (RR 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.06). Among ART-experienced persons with baseline viremia, streamlined care was associated with higher VS (67% vs 47%, RR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.91). Among ART-naïve persons, VS was not significantly higher with streamlined care (83% vs 79%, RR 1.05, 95% CI: 0.95 to 1.16). Among ART-experienced persons with baseline VS, nearly all remained virally suppressed in both arms (97% vs 95%, RR 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.03).

Conclusions:
Streamlined care was associated with higher viral suppression among ART-experienced patients with viremia in this randomized evaluation of ART-eligible patients who were in care after universal HIV testing.
Incidence of canine dilated cardiomyopathy, breed and age distributions, and grain-free diet sales in the United States from 2000-2019: A retrospective survey
Authors: Quest Bradley , Clark Stephanie D. , Garimella Shiva , Konie August , Leach Stacey B. , Oxford Eva M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is considered a predominantly inherited disease in dogs. Recent reports suggest an increased incidence of DCM in atypical breeds eating grain-free and/or legume-rich diets. However, little data regarding incidence of DCM within the US is available; and no existing data quantifies DCM among breeds over time.HypothesisWe hypothesized that DCM incidence among breeds could be estimated by retrospective polling of veterinary cardiologists. Further, if a correlation existed between grain-free diets and DCM, an increase in DCM would be on trend with increased grain-free pet food sales.Materials and MethodsThirty-six U.S. cardiology specialty practices were asked for all initial canine and DCM cases evaluated from 2000-2019; fourteen cardiology practices participated. DCM signalment data was provided by three hospitals over 15 years; representing 68 breeds. Age distribution of DCM cases upon diagnosis were compared to other cardio cases and general hospital population from one hospital. All data were evaluated using linear regression models. Grain-free pet food sales data was evaluated from 2011-2019.ResultsFourteen hospitals participated and reported 67,243 unique canine patients. Nationally, data did not support a significant change in percent DCM over time (p=0.85). The overall average incidence rate of DCM during the study period was 3.83% (range 2.41-5.65%), while grain-free diet sales increased 500% from 2011-2019. No correlation between overall DCM incidence and grain free diet sales was discovered. A significant upward trend in mixed breeds diagnosed with DCM, with no significant trend in other breeds was appreciated. An upward trend in age at DCM diagnosis was identified, correlating with trends from overall hospital populations.ConclusionsThese data do not support overall increased DCM incidence, or a correlation with grain-free pet food sales. Additional data are necessary to understand whether regional factors contribute to increased DCM within smaller cohorts.
Defending the frontier: examining the impact of internal salesperson evasive knowledge hiding on perceptions of external customer outcomes
Authors: Chaker Nawar N. , Nowlin Edward L. , Walker Doug , Anaza Nwamaka A. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
Salespeople frequently face the predicament of wanting to protect their market knowledge from coworkers while not appearing recalcitrant. Considering the choice of disclosing information or refusing to disclose, they may choose a third option: appearing to share knowledge while concealing substantive information, which this study calls evasive knowledge hiding. This study surmises that the consequences of these choices impact perceptions of customer outcomes. Using social exchange theory, the purpose of this article is to examine the internal relational antecedents and perceptions of external customer outcomes of evasive knowledge hiding, as well as the moderating effects of pushover manager and environmental dynamism.

Design/methodology/approach
A moderated mediation model was used to analyze survey data from 234 business-to-business salespeople.

Findings
Internal competition and coworkers’ past opportunistic behavior increase evasive knowledge hiding. These effects are attenuated if the manager is not a pushover. Evasive knowledge hiding decreases perceptions of external customer outcomes, particularly at low levels of environmental dynamism.

Research limitations/implications
Data was collected from salespeople, which presents a look from perpetrators themselves. While directly observing salespeople was the goal, sourcing and matching customer and manager data would only strengthen the results.

Practical implications
Salespeople evasively hide their knowledge if it is in their best interest, which may unwittingly hurt perceptions of customer outcomes.

Originality/value
This study formally introduces salesperson evasive knowledge hiding into the marketing and sales literature. The research highlights the dark side of social exchange theory by demonstrating how internal coworker relationships affect perceptions of external customer relationships via evasive knowledge hiding. This study also introduces pushover manager as an enabling moderating variable.
The influence of a country’s brands and industry on its image
Authors: Lopez Carmen , Balabanis George 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
Extant research has largely treated country image (CI) as an exogenous variable, focusing mostly on its consequences for consumers’ evaluations and purchases of products or brands originating from a country. Scant research has examined the instrumental role of a country’s brands and products in the evaluations of CI. This study aims to investigate how the brands of a country contribute to CI ratings and the conditions underlying their effect on CI.

Design/methodology/approach
Three experimental studies test the hypotheses, one pertaining to the effect of brands on CI (N = 227), the second to the effect of products on CI (N = 116) and the third to the effect of brands and products on industry image (N = 215). The experimental approach overcomes the limitations of cross-sectional surveys commonly used in CI studies to detect the direction of the observed effects. Furthermore, respondents (British consumers) were allowed to determine the brands and products associated with a country.

Findings
Drawing on memory schema theory, across three studies, the authors identify two types of reverse inferences: from brand to CI and from product category to CI. The reverse inference from a brand to a superordinate image is stronger for industry image than for CI.

Research limitations/implications
This research focuses on consumers’ evaluations from only one country (the UK). Further research could replicate the studies across different countries and with different countries of origin (COOs). Researchers could also examine the influence of brands misidentified with the wrong COO and mistakenly stored as such in consumers’ memories.

Practical implications
The results are relevant for managers and consultants working with country- (place-) branding campaigns. Brands and industries can help strengthen the evaluations of the economic dimension of different countries; however, these assets are underdeveloped in country-branding campaigns. Linking countries with brands and industries in campaigns could result in positive associations, which, in turn, could enhance the reputational rating of the countries.

Originality/value
This research extends previous studies on the effects of a country’s products and brands on CI by incorporating the mediating role of industry image between brands/products and CI, separating the effects of brand and product category on CI, allowing consumers to determine, which brands and products are associated with a country and adopting an experimental methodology to ascertain the causal direction of the effects.
The moderating role of audit quality on the relationship between auditor reporting and earnings management: empirical evidence from Tunisia
Authors: Imen Fakhfakh , Anis Jarboui 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the interrelationship between modified audit opinions and earnings management as measured by discretionary accruals and develop a thorough understanding regarding the moderating effect of audit quality on this relation.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a sample of Tunisian listed firms on the Tunis Stock Exchange during 2006–2013. Four models are developed and tested by using panel logistic and Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) regressions.FindingsThe results show that earnings management increases the likelihood of receiving a modified audit opinions. Then firms receiving modified audit opinions manage earnings more than those receiving clean opinions. It is also discovered that audit quality moderates the relationship between audit opinion and earnings management.Practical implicationsThis paper contributes to the literature of both audit and management studies and represents the first effort to examine the relation between audit opinion and earnings management, with audit quality as a moderating variable.Originality/valueThis study extends existing research on earnings management and audit opinion. Thus, this study has the potential to help stakeholders, board of directors, regulators and auditors, who are related with enhancing the supervision of firms and reducing the opportunities given to managers, to engage in earnings management. It constitutes an addition to previous knowledge about audit opinion in the Tunisian context before and after revolution.
Boards of directors' influences on occupational health and safety: a scoping review of evidence and best practices
Authors: Ebbevi David , Von Thiele Schwarz Ulrica , Hasson Henna , Sundberg Carl Johan , Frykman Mandus 
Published: September 2020

PurposeTo review the literature and identify research gaps in the role and influence boards of directors of companies have in occupational health and safety (OHS).Design/methodology/approachThis was done in a scoping review built on a structured search in MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, CCInfoWeb, EconLit, Web of Science, CINAHL and gray literature. Citations and reference lists were tracked. Inclusion criteria were publication in English. Exclusion criteria were studies covering companies using subcontractors to arrange OHS, or with <250 employees.FindingsForty-nine studies were included. The majority contained empirical data (n = 28; 57%), some were entirely normative (n = 16; 33%), and a few contained normative claims far beyond empirical data (n = 5; 10%). Empirical studies gave no insight into the scope of impact of board activities on OHS, and no studies assess the causal mechanisms by which board activities influence OHS outcomes. Most studies focused on both health and safety (n = 20; 41%) or only safety (n = 15; 31%). Context might explain the focus on safety rather than health, but is not clearly elucidated by the studies. Several studies are describing leadership behavior, although not framed as such. A narrative summary is presented to facilitate future research.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should include: (1) which board activities influence OHS, (2) how board activities influence OHS, (3) the influence of context and (4) the leadership role of boards of directors.Originality/valueThis study identifies a total lack of research on the basic mechanics of the relationship between boards and OHS.
Characteristic appearance of spindle cell hemangiomatosis, often misdiagnosed as venous malformation: A retrospective study of 11 cases
Authors: Liu Hongyuan , Rao Yamin , Gu Hao , Yang Xi , Hu Li , Sun Yi , Chen Hui , Lin Xiaoxi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSpindle cell hemangiomatosis is a benign multifocal vascular proliferation that mostly occurs in the distal extremities. It is a relatively rare disease and causes difficulties in clinical diagnosis and differential diagnosis of venous malformation. We retrospectively assessed the medical history, and clinical features, imaging features, pathological features and follow up of 11 patients diagnosed pathologically with spindle cell hemangiomatosis after surgery. There are two types of clinical appearances in spindle cell hemangiomatosis in the distal extremities: bleb‐like nodules and varix‐like nodules. Bleb‐like nodules are mostly superficially located in the palm or interphalangeal joints with obvious hemorrhage in lesions and mainly composed of cavernous spaces rather than spindle cells. Varix‐like nodules are located in the back of the hands or arms with normal skin color and mainly composed of solid areas of accumulated spindle cells. Surgery is the standard therapy for spindle cell hemangiomatosis, while sclerotherapy is invalid. Despite the tendency to develop new lesions, there are no residual lesions at the surgical site during follow up. Bleb‐like nodules in the palm and interphalangeal joints are a typical clinical appearance in spindle cell hemangiomatosis which can help make clinical and a differential diagnosis of venous malformation. Surgery is the standard therapy for spindle cell hemangiomatosis with no residual lesions remaining at the surgical sites.
Time evolution of the first‐order linear acoustic/elastic wave equation using Lie product formula and Taylor expansion
Authors: Araujo Edvaldo S. , Pestana Reynam C. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTWe propose a new numerical solution to the first‐order linear acoustic/elastic wave equation. This numerical solution is based on the analytic solution of the linear acoustic/elastic wave equation and uses the Lie product formula, where the time evolution operator of the analytic solution is written as a product of exponential matrices where each exponential matrix term is then approximated by Taylor series expansion. Initially, we check the proposed approach numerically and then demonstrate that it is more accurate to apply a Taylor expansion for the exponential function identity rather than the exponential function itself. The numerical solution formulated employs a recursive procedure and also incorporates the split perfectly matched layer boundary condition. Thus, our scheme can be used to extrapolate wavefields in a stable manner with even larger time‐steps than traditional finite‐difference schemes. This new numerical solution is examined through the comparison of the solution of full acoustic wave equation using the Chebyshev expansion approach for the matrix exponential term. Moreover, to demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of our proposed solution, seismic modelling results of three geological models are presented and the processing time for each model is compared with the computing time taking by the Chebyshev expansion method. We also present the result of seismic modelling using the scheme based in Lie product formula and Taylor series expansion for the first‐order linear elastic wave equation in vertical transversely isotropic and tilted transversely isotropic media as well. Finally, a post‐stack migration results are also shown using the proposed method.
Improving emergency preparedness to cascading disasters: A case‐driven risk ontology modelling
Authors: Yu Feng , Fan Bo , Li Xiangyang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the acceleration of urbanization, cascading disaster risks (CDR) as a typical risk mode have become the main threat to cities. After experiencing several cascading disasters, such as typhoon Lekima, how to clarify the basic features of CDR and achieve risk modelling has turned to be increasingly significant for building resilient city. However, the complexity of CDR brings about the difficulty to quickly map such risk mode depending entirely on expertise. Therefore, this paper attempts to provide a CDROntology system built by concepts and relations, and make full use of the historical cases to drive the modelling of the target CDR with case‐based reasoning. Firstly, we describe the basic structure and content of CDR and give a three‐level CDROntology system with the explanation of modelling primitives. Then, taking CDROntology system as the basis, a case‐driven selection process is proposed to provide the modelling source for the target CDR. Furthermore, set covering and manual correction methods are adopted to model the evolutionary risk chain and the specific risk scenario of the target case. Finally, a case study is given to illustrate the use of CDROntology system and case‐driven method for building a predictive risk model in typhoon‐triggered cascading disasters.
What happens where during disasters? A Workflow for the multifaceted characterization of crisis events based on Twitter data
Authors: Kersten Jens , Klan Friederike 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTwitter data are a valuable source of information for rescue and helping activities in case of natural disasters and technical accidents. Several methods for disaster‐ and event‐related tweet filtering and classification are available to analyse social media streams. Rather than processing single tweets, taking into account space and time is likely to reveal even more insights regarding local event dynamics and impacts on population and environment. This study focuses on the design and evaluation of a generic workflow for Twitter data analysis that leverages that additional information to characterize crisis events more comprehensively. The workflow covers data acquisition, analysis and visualization, and aims at the provision of a multifaceted and detailed picture of events that happen in affected areas. This is approached by utilizing agile and flexible analysis methods providing different and complementary views on the data. Utilizing state‐of‐the‐art deep learning and clustering methods, we are interested in the question, whether our workflow is suitable to reconstruct and picture the course of events during major natural disasters from Twitter data. Experimental results obtained with a data set acquired during hurricane Florence in September 2018 demonstrate the effectiveness of the applied methods but also indicate further interesting research questions and directions.
Maternity services in the UK during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a national survey of modifications to standard care
Authors: Jardine J , Relph S , Magee LA , von Dadelszen P , Morris E , Ross‐Davie M , Draycott T , Khalil A 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo explore the modifications to maternity services across the UK, in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, in the context of the pandemic guidance issued by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), Royal College of Midwives (RCM) and NHS England.DesignNational survey.SettingUK maternity services during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Population or sampleHealthcare professionals working within maternity services.MethodsA national electronic survey was developed to investigate local modifications to general and specialist maternity care during the COVID‐19 pandemic, in the context of the contemporaneous national pandemic guidance. After a pilot phase, the survey was distributed through professional networks by the RCOG and co‐authors. The survey results were presented descriptively in tabular and graphic formats, with proportions compared using chi‐square tests.Main outcome measuresService modifications made during the pandemic.ResultsA total of 81 respondent sites, 42% of the 194 obstetric units in the UK, were included. They reported substantial and heterogeneous maternity service modifications. Seventy percent of units reported a reduction in antenatal appointments and 56% reported a reduction in postnatal appointments; 89% reported using remote consultation methods. A change to screening pathways for gestational diabetes mellitus was reported by 70%, and 59% had temporarily removed the offer of births at home or in a midwife‐led unit. A reduction in emergency antenatal presentations was experienced by 86% of units.ConclusionsThis national survey documents the extensive impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on maternity services in the UK. More research is needed to understand the impact on maternity outcomes and experience.Tweetable abstractA national survey showed that UK maternity services were modified extensively and heterogeneously in response to COVID‐19.