bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cluster of Neonatal Infections Caused by Candida auris at a Large Referral Center in Colombia
Authors: Alvarado-Socarras Jorge L , Vargas-Soler José A , Franco-Paredes Carlos , Villegas-Lamus Katty Carolina , Rojas-Torres Juan Pablo , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Globally, Candida auris is an emerging pathogen that poses an essential threat in healthcare settings presenting as outbreaks requiring significant allocation of infection control interventions to curb transmission. This fungal pathogen was initially identified in 2009 in Japan, but it has spread to all continents. Candida auris poses significant diagnostic and treatment challenges. Conventional microbiology laboratories often misidentify this pathogen as Candida haemulonii or as other Candida spp., Rhodoturola glutinis, and even with some bacterial pathogens, including Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A. Furthermore, C. auris displays distinct mechanisms of antifungal resistance to azoles and amphotericin B formulations. Most of the case series and outbreak reports have included invasive infections in adult populations.

Methods
Herein, we present a cluster of neonatal infections caused by Candida auris at a large referral center in Colombia.

Results
We report a case series of 8 neonates and infant patients who were seen at a large referral center in Colombia and who develop invasive infections caused by C. haemulonii and C. auris.

Discussion
Our report highlights the diagnostic challenges in identifying this fungal pathogen correctly, its clinical spectrum of disease, recommendations for empiric antifungal therapy, and it is not always associated with a high case fatality rate.
Qualifying the green city: professional moral practices of trying urban rainwater forms
Authors: Meilvang Marie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article explores how the green, sustainable city is built in situations of uncertainty though professional practical engagements of testing and trying, and how these are formed by moral investments in professional work. Following recent studies investigating professional work and moral agency, the article engages with Terence Halliday’s famous distinction between science-based and normative professions. Contrary to this argument, the article argues that the practice of engineers, the clearest example of the so-called ‘science-based’ profession, is fraught with moral questions and practices. By drawing on French pragmatic sociology, the article conceptualizes the different ways engineers and others work in situations of uncertainty as different modes of trying. In these modes, professionals rely on different moral principles and ideas for evaluating and judging the professional solutions. As such, the article contributes to the sociology of professions by suggesting a new analytical frame for analyzing moral work as fundamental to professional practice in situations of uncertainty. Empirically, the article builds on fieldwork observations and interviews with professionals from an ongoing research project on Danish climate adaptation in cities and urban rainwater management.
When ‘Self-Sufficiency’ Is Not Sufficient: Refugee Integration Discourses of US Resettlement Actors and the Offer of Refuge
Authors: Frazier Emily , van Riemsdijk Micheline 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Resettlement in a third country is fundamental in the protection of displaced persons, yet the offer of refuge encompasses more than mere admission into a country. In the US, various resettlement organizations provide arrival services; however, the resettlement programme’s ability to support long-term integration is restricted by an emphasis on economic self-sufficiency. Resettlement practices are shaped by the integration discourses of multiple resettlement actors, a term encompassing expectations, aspirations, and conceptions of ‘ideal’ refugee integration. This article explores the work of resettlement agencies and refugee ‘third sector’ organizations (RTSOs) by examining three organizations in a southeastern US city. Contesting government expectations of rapid ‘self-sufficiency’, RTSOs expand the offer of refuge provided in resettlement. They provide opportunities for social contact between volunteers and refugees and prioritize the formation of community and relationships. However, these organizations also reproduce neoliberal discourses of integration, ultimately constraining possibilities for expanded refugee integration.
Medical Student Experiences in Operation Bushmaster 2019: “I Now See Myself as Equal Parts Physician and Leader.”
Authors: Barron Johanna , Randall Virginia F , Villareal Charisse , Ramirez Valentina , Vojta Leslie 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Operation Bushmaster, a 5-day high-fidelity medical practicum bringing together fourth-year medical students, graduate nursing students, international students, and physicians and other medical professionals in emergency and operational medicine from across the world, is the capstone event of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences’s Military Unique Curriculum. It is designed to simultaneously test students’ medical knowledge, leadership skills, and grace under fire. For many students, this experience represents one of the first times that they concurrently inhabit the dual roles of military officer and (soon-to-be) physician. This is likely the most “tactical” and stressful military simulation that many students have experienced.

Methods
In this qualitative study, we analyzed a data set of 49 de-identified reflective articles written by fourth-year medical students following the completion of Bushmaster, in order to understand what students gained from the experience. Additionally, we evaluated students’ responses through the lens of the threshold concept, looking for ontological shifts, integration, discursiveness, and troublesomeness during students’ Bushmaster experiences.

Results
We identified 10 themes throughout the essays that highlighted the lessons learned during the Bushmaster experience, including its importance in guiding professional identity formation and students’ deepened understanding of the unique responsibilities and pressures of the role of military physician.

Conclusion
One of the resulting themes, “the military physician,” met our criteria for a threshold concept, in that it was transformative, integrative, and troublesome. Before Bushmaster, many of the students saw themselves simply as medical students rather than as almost doctors. Following the field practicum, some identified more strongly with the role of military physician, while others continued to overestimate the amount of time remaining to complete the transformation from student to doctor or to integrate the roles of physician and military officer. Moreover, we identified the entirety of Bushmaster as a threshold experience. This work serves to further describe the liminal space in which military medical students reside on their journey to physician, as well as the moment of realization by many that becoming a military physician encompasses more than simply the sum of the roles of physician and military officer.
Neuromodulation for Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Single-Institution Experience With a Collaborative Team
Authors: Bridger Cheyanne , Prabhala Tarun , Dawson Rachael , Khazen Olga , MacDonell Jacquelyn , DiMarzio Marisa , Staudt Michael D , De Elise J B , Argoff Charles , Pilitsis Julie G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Secondary to the complex care, involved specialty providers, and various etiologies, chronic pelvic pain patients do not receive holistic care.

OBJECTIVE
To compare our general and neuromodulation cohorts based on referrals, diagnosis, and therapy and describe our neuromodulation patients.

METHODS
A multidisciplinary team was established at our center. The intake coordinator assessed demographics and facilitated care of enrolled patients. Outcomes were compared using minimal clinical important difference of current Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) between patients with neuropathic pain who received neuromodulation and those who did not. The neuromodulation cohort completed outcome metrics at baseline and recent follow-up, including NRS score (best, worst, and current), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Beck Depression Inventory, and Pain Catastrophizing Scale.

RESULTS
Over 7 yr, 233 patients were referred to our consortium and 153 were enrolled. A total of 55 patients had neuropathic pain and 44 of those were managed medically. Eleven underwent neuromodulation. A total of 45.5% patients of the neuromodulation cohort were classified as responders by minimal clinically important difference compared to 26.6% responders in the control cohort at most recent follow-up (median 25 and 33 mo, respectively). Outcome measures revealed improvement in NRS at worst (P = .007) and best (P = .025), ODI (P = .014), and Pain Catastrophizing Scale Rumination (P = .043).

CONCLUSION
Eleven percent of patients were offered neuromodulation. There were more responders in the neuromodulation cohort than the conservatively managed neuropathic pain cohort. Neuromodulation patients showed significant improvement at 29 mo in NRS best and worst pain, disability, and rumination. We share our algorithm for patient management.
Beyond Overdose: Drug-Related Deaths in People With and Without HIV in San Francisco, 2007–2018
Authors: Appa Ayesha , Rowe Christopher , Hessol Nancy A , Coffin Phillip 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Despite elevated mortality in people with HIV (PWH) using drugs, drug-related deaths are poorly characterized. Among 6764 drug-related deaths, methamphetamine was more common in PWH than others. One in 4 deaths in PWH involved acute infection. Combatting mortality in PWH who use drugs should include stimulant-specific and infection prevention efforts.
More than Ownership: The Importance of Relationships with Companion Dogs for the Psychological Adjustment of Fibromyalgia Patients
Authors: Silva Karine , Castro Luísa , Costa-Santos Cristina , Lourenco Antonio , Lima Mariely 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
This study explored the role of companion dogs for psychological adjustment to pain in patients with fibromyalgia with different levels of social support. It also considered the potential moderating effects of the quality of the owner-dog relationship and the use of interactions with dogs as a coping strategy.

Setting
A cross-sectional approach was followed using an online questionnaire.

Subjects and Methods
Linear regression analyses were performed on data obtained from 106 participants (dog owners and non-owners). Sub-analyses were performed on 64 dog owners.

Results
Complex associations were observed between human social support, dog ownership and anxiety/depression levels. For participants with low levels of social support, owning a dog was associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression. In contrast, for moderate and high levels of social support, owning a dog was associated with lower levels of anxiety and depression. Sub-analyses showed that participants in this study actively used interactions with companion dogs to manage their pain more frequently than other pain coping strategies. Among those interactions, patting and stroking the dog to cope with pain was associated with lower anxiety levels, even after adjusting for social support. Emotional closeness with the dog was associated with lower depression levels.

Conclusions
Obtained results highlight the importance to go beyond mere ownership when addressing the effects of companion dogs and suggest that the development of emotional ties with companion dogs and the active use of interactions with these animals to cope with pain may contribute to better psychological adjustment in patients with fibromyalgia, regardless of human social support.
The Returns to Nursing: Evidence from a Parental-Leave Program
Authors: Friedrich Benjamin U , Hackmann Martin B 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article, we quantify the effects of nurses on health care delivery and patient health in the context of an unintended and policy-induced nurse shortage. Our empirical strategy takes advantage of a parental-leave program in Denmark, which offered any parent the opportunity to take up to one year’s absence per child aged 0–8. Combining the policy variation with administrative employer–employee match data, we document substantial program take-up among nurses, who could not be replaced on net despite public education and immigration expansion efforts to mitigate the employment effects. We find that the parental leave program reduced hospital and nursing home nurse employment by 15% and 10%, respectively. Using detailed patient health records, we find detrimental effects on hospital-care delivery as indicated by a large increase in 30-day readmission rates among acute myocardial infarction patients. We find no evidence for an increase in hospital mortality. In nursing homes, we estimate a large increase in mortality.
Functional Impairments and Theory of Mind Deficits in Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis of the Associations
Authors: Thibaudeau Élisabeth , Cellard Caroline , Turcotte Mélissa , Achim Amélie M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with major functioning difficulties. Theory of mind (ToM), the ability to infer the mental states of others, is an important determinant of functioning. However, the contribution of ToM to each specific domain of functioning remains to be better understood. The objectives of this meta-analysis were to document and compare the magnitude of the associations between ToM and (1) different domains of functioning (social functioning, productive activities, and instrumental activities of daily living), each assessed separately for functional performance and functional outcome and (2) different aspects of functioning (functional performance and functional outcome) in schizophrenia. Fifty-nine studies (N = 4369) published between 1980 and May 2019 targeting patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder aged between 18 and 65 years old were included. Studies were retrieved from seven databases. Correlations were extracted from the articles, transformed into effect sizes Zr and combined as weighted and unweighted means. The strength of the associations between the domains and aspects of functioning were compared using focused tests. A moderate association was observed between ToM and all domains of functioning, with a stronger association between ToM and productive activities compared with social functioning (only for functional outcome [χ2(2) = 6.43, P = 0.040]). Regarding the different aspects of functioning, a stronger association was observed between ToM and functional performance, compared with functional outcome, for overall functioning (χ2(1) = 13.77, P &lt; 0.001) and social functioning (χ2(1) = 18.21, P &lt; 0.001). The results highlight a stronger association of ToM with productive activities and with functional performance, which should be considered in future studies to improve functional recovery in schizophrenia.
Altered heart rate variability during sleep in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Kong Shawn D X , Hoyos Camilla M , Phillips Craig L , McKinnon Andrew C , Lin Pinghsiu , Duffy Shantel L , Mowszowski Loren , LaMonica Haley M , Grunstein Ronald R , Naismith Sharon L , Gordon Christopher J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction, as measured by short-term diurnal heart rate variability (HRV), has been reported in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, it is unclear whether this impairment also exists during sleep in this group. We, therefore, compared overnight HRV during sleep in older adults with MCI and those with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI).

Methods
Older adults (n = 210) underwent overnight polysomnography. Eligible participants were characterized as multi-domain MCI or SCI. The multi-domain MCI group was comprised of amnestic and non-amnestic subtypes. Power spectral analysis of HRV was conducted on the overnight electrocardiogram during non-rapid eye movement (NREM), rapid eye movement (REM), N1, N2, N3 sleep stages, and wake periods. High-frequency HRV (HF-HRV) was employed as the primary measure to estimate parasympathetic function.

Results
The MCI group showed reduced HF-HRV during NREM sleep (p = 0.018), but not during wake or REM sleep (p &gt; 0.05) compared to the SCI group. Participants with aMCI compared to SCI had the most pronounced reduction in HF-HRV across all NREM sleep stages—N1, N2, and N3, but not during wake or REM sleep. The naMCI sub-group did not show any significant differences in HF-HRV during any sleep stage compared to SCI.

Conclusions
Our study showed that amnestic MCI participants had greater reductions in HF-HRV during NREM sleep, relative to those with SCI, suggesting potential vulnerability to sleep-related parasympathetic dysfunction. HF-HRV, especially during NREM sleep, may be an early biomarker for dementia detection.
A Nod factor- and type III secretion system-dependent manner for Robinia pseudoacacia to establish symbiosis with Mesorhizobium amorphae CCNWGS0123
Authors: Huo Haibo , Wang Xinye , Liu Yao , Chen Juan , Wei Gehong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, symbiotic nodulation promotes the growth of legume plants via the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia by rhizobia in root nodules. The rhizobial Nod factor (NF) and type III secretion system (T3SS) are two key signaling pathways for establishing the legume–rhizobium symbiosis. However, whether NF signaling is involved in the nodulation of Robinia pseudoacacia and Mesorhizobium amorphae CCNWGS0123, and its symbiotic differences compared with T3SS signaling remain unclear. Therefore, to elucidate the function of NF signaling in nodulation, we mutated nodC in M. amorphae CCNWGS0123, which aborted NF synthesis. Compared with the plants inoculated with the wild type strain, the plants inoculated with the NF-deficient strain exhibited shorter shoots with etiolated leaves. These phenotypic characteristics were similar to those of the plants inoculated with the T3SS-deficient strain, which served as a Nod− (non-effective nodulation) control. The plants inoculated with both the NF- and T3SS-deficient strains formed massive root hair swellings, but no normal infection threads were detected. Sections of the nodules showed that inoculation with the NF- and T3SS-deficient strains induced small, white bumps without any rhizobia inside. Analyzing the accumulation of 6 plant hormones and the expression of 10 plant genes indicated that the NF- and T3SS-deficient strains activated plant defense reactions while suppressing plant symbiotic signaling during the perception and nodulation processes. The requirement for NF signaling appeared to be conserved in two other leguminous trees that can establish symbiosis with M. amorphae CCNWGS0123. In contrast, the function of the T3SS might differ among species, even within the same subfamily (Faboideae). Overall, this work demonstrated that nodulation of R. pseudoacacia and M. amorphae CCNWGS0123 was both NF and T3SS dependent.
Monoterpene synthases responsible for the terpene profile of anther glands in Eucalyptus polybractea R.T. Baker (Myrtaceae)
Authors: Goodger Jason Q D , Sargent Demi , Humphries John , Woodrow Ian E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Research on terpene biosynthesis in the genus Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) is poorly developed, but recently large numbers of terpene synthase (TPS) genes have been identified. Few of these have been characterized or their expression localized to specific tissues. A prime candidate for detailed examination of TPS gene expression is the bisexual eucalypt flower—composed of male and female reproductive organs, and vegetative tissues that may express different TPS genes. We aimed to characterize and compare the terpene profile and TPS genes expressed in anthers and gynoecia in the high oil-yielding Eucalyptus polybractea R.T. Baker. We hypothesized that gynoecia will produce greater amounts of defensive terpenes, whereas anthers will have a terpene profile that is biased towards a role in pollination. Microscopy of isolated anthers showed them to possess a single, prominent oil gland. Chemical analysis of whole floral structures at different stages of development showed total oil per unit dry mass increased as flower buds expanded, with highest concentrations in mature flower buds just prior to flower opening. The oil profile of gynoecia was dominated by the monoterpene 1,8-cineole, whereas that of isolated anthers were enriched with the monoterpene α-pinene. Through transcriptomic analysis and recombinant protein expression, we were able to identify monoterpene synthases responsible for the different profiles. Synthases for α-pinene and 1,8-cineole were expressed in each tissue type, but the relative expression of the former was higher in anthers. Sequence comparison and site-directed mutagenesis of the α-pinene synthase allowed us to identify amino acids that influence the α-pinene to β-pinene ratio of the product profile. We suggest the terpene constituents of anthers may have multiple roles including attracting pollinators through emission of volatile α-pinene, deterrence of palynivores through emission of volatile 1,8-cineole and adhesion of pollen to pollinators via the release of sticky α-pinene onto the anther surface.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Pregnancy: Combating Isolation to Improve Outcomes
Authors: Jago C.A. , Singh S.S. , Moretti F. 
Published: November 2020

(Obstet Gynecol. 2020;00:1–4)
Due to the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many obstetric units across North America have implemented social distancing policies, including modified visitation, to minimize exposure to the virus. Unfortunately, these policies may have unintended consequences stemming from reduced labor support and increased maternal stress. This commentary offers recommendations to combat isolation and improve birth outcomes while continuing to mitigate the risk of infection posed by COVID-19.
Effects of Long Working Hours and Shift Work During Pregnancy on Obstetric and Perinatal Outcomes: A Large Prospective Cohort Study—Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Suzumori N. , Ebara T. , Matsuki T. , Yamada Y. , Kato S. , Omori T. , Saitoh S. , Kamijima M. , Sugiura-Ogasawara M. 
Published: November 2020

(Birth. 2020;47:67–79)
Previous evidence suggests that working during pregnancy is not associated with adverse outcomes; however, standing, heavy lifting, or unusual workloads may increase risks of complications. In Japan, the number of pregnant workers has increased, and time working is ∼20% longer than in some European countries. There is conflicting evidence as to whether or not shift work increases rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to assess the relationship between working hours during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes in Japan.