bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size matching in heart transplantation: Is predicted heart mass the optimal method in a United Kingdom cohort?
Authors: Cheshire Caitlin , Kydd Anna , Nerlekar Nitesh , Catarino Pedro , Brown Adam , Parameshwar Jayan , Pettit Stephen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPredicted heart mass (PHM) equations have been proposed as an alternative method for size matching in heart transplantation. We assessed association between donor‐recipient size mismatch, defined using PHM equations, and survival post–heart transplant in the United Kingdom. Data from all adult patients who received a heart transplant between 1995 and 2017 were obtained from the United Kingdom Transplant Registry. PHM was calculated using published equations. Primary outcome was 1‐year survival post–heart transplantation. Recipients of undersized organs had reduced 1‐year survival (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.03–1.67, p = .03). Oversizing had no impact on survival (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.78–1.26, p = .96). Gender mismatching had no impact on survival in the cohort matched by PHM (HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.86–1.47, p = .4). In recipients without pulmonary hypertension, undersizing by PHM had no impact on 1‐year survival (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.61–1.49, p = .83). In recipients with pulmonary hypertension, oversizing donor RV by using PHM RV equation (PHMRV) results in improved survival at 1 year (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.5–0.83, p = .001). In conclusion, receiving an organ undersized by PHM was associated with decreased 1‐year survival. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that undersizing only impacted survival in recipients with pulmonary hypertension and that these recipients had improved outcomes if they received an organ with an RV oversized by >10% by PHMRV.
Evaluation of an alcohol policy measure employing a randomised controlled trial design: Why was it possible?
Authors: Rossow Ingeborg , Grøtting Maja Weemes 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSome of the best evidence of effects of control policies on alcohol availability stems from controlled experimental studies in the Nordic state‐owned alcohol monopolies. Publications from these studies do not, however, explain the process leading up to the implementation of changes in policy measures under controlled experimental conditions. In September 2020, the Norwegian state alcohol monopoly started the implementation of extended trading hours, employing a randomised controlled trial design. In this commentary, we give an account of the process leading up to this implementation and how the monopoly considered various pro‐ and contra‐arguments in this regard. This case illustrates that willingness to contribute to strengthened scientific evidence on alcohol control policies can be embedded in the social responsibility of a state alcohol monopoly.
Plasma neurofilament light chain as a potential biomarker in Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease
Authors: Millere Elina , Rots Dmitrijs , Simrén Joel , Ashton Nicholas J. , Kupats Einars , Micule Ieva , Priedite Viktorija , Kurjane Natalja , Blennow Kaj , Gailite Linda , Zetterberg Henrik , Kenina Viktorija 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeCharcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) disease is a chronic, slowly progressing disorder. The lack of specific disease progression biomarkers limits the execution of clinical trials. However, neurofilament light chain (NfL) has been suggested as a potential biomarker for peripheral nervous system disorders.MethodsNinety‐six CMT disease patients and 60 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Disease severity assessment included clinical evaluation with CMT Neuropathy Score version 2 (CMTNSv2). Blood plasma NfL concentrations were measured using the single‐molecule array NfL assay.ResultsThe NfL concentration was significantly higher in the CMT disease patient group than in the controls (p < 0.001). Of the CMT disease patients, those with type CMTX1 had a higher NfL level than those in the two other analysed subgroups (CMT1A and other CMT disease types) (p = 0.0498). The NfL concentration had a significant but weak correlation with the CMTNSv2 (rs = 0.25, p = 0.012). In one CMT disease patient with an extremely elevated NfL level, overlap with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy was suspected. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that an NfL concentration of 8.9 pg/ml could be used to discriminate CMT disease patients from controls, with an area under the curve of 0.881.ConclusionsOur study confirmed that the plasma NfL concentration is significantly higher in CMT disease patients than in controls. Plasma NfL concentration was found to significantly, albeit weakly, reflect the clinical severity of CMT disease. In the future, NfL may be used, either individually or collaboratively, as a biomarker in the clinical context of suspected CMT disease; however, several issues need to be addressed first.
Fasting or feeding: A planktonic food web under lake ice
Authors: Perga Marie‐Elodie , Syarki Maria , Spangenberg Jorge E. , Frossard Victor , Lyautey Emilie , Kalinkina Natalia , Bouffard Damien 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Zooplankton can spend winter actively under the ice cover of lakes. However, dietary resources under lake ice are both quantitatively and qualitatively limited, and feeding might not be energetically rewarding for most zooplankton species. Many zooplankters are expected to fast throughout the winter, exhausting their previously accumulated fat storage. We hypothesised that only a fraction of the actively overwintering zooplankton contributes to an active food web under lake ice, leading to few trophic linkages within the planktonic community.

Zooplankton habitats and feeding were investigated under the ice of Lake Onego. Zooplankton habitats and migrations were studied by coupling zooplankton sampling around the clock to measurements of particle movement using an acoustic Doppler current profiler. Secondly, fatty acid‐specific stable isotope compositions were used to determine whether and which zooplankton fatty acids ultimately came from the assimilation of under‐ice seston.

The algal biomass was low under ice and mostly dominated by large diatoms. Copepods dominated the zooplankton community. Species present as late copepodite and adult instars were confined to the deeper layers, while nauplii occupied the surface layer. Diel vertical migration by Cyclops was the most tangible observation of persistent feeding under the ice. Previously accumulated fat storage represented most of zooplankton fatty acids, with few, yet detectable, fatty acids recently acquired by feeding under the ice.

Although some zooplankton taxa maintained feeding activity under the ice of Lake Onego, the food source available beneath the ice was not sufficiently rewarding to leave an isotopic imprint upon the dominant fatty acids of bulk zooplankton. The seston fatty acids that were passed on to zooplankton from feeding under ice were not provided by diatoms, although they made up most of the phytoplankton biovolume. Instead, the zooplankton food web was supported by mixotrophic phytoplankton (i.e. cryptophytes and chrysophytes) that represented <5% of the under‐ice biovolume. Consequently, the planktonic food web under the ice of Lake Onego had few trophic linkages, and thereby low connectance.

Environmental conditions under the ice of Lake Onego do not depart significantly from those observed in lakes of similar latitudes. Therefore, low connectance food webs could be relatively common under ice for lakes above 60° latitude. Our methodological approach is applicable to other lakes and could thus disclose the variability of under‐ice food webs. This would provide a much more complete picture of annual dynamics of food webs in lakes that ice over.
Strategies for Managing Risk due to Back Diffusion
Authors: Brooks Michael C. , Yarney Eunice , Huang Junqi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBack diffusion of contaminants from secondary sources may hamper site remediation if it is not properly addressed in the remedial design. A review of all reported technologies and strategies that have been or could be applied to address plume persistence due to back diffusion as published in the peer‐reviewed literature is provided. We classify these into four major categories. The first category consists of those approaches that do not include active measures to specifically address contamination in the low permeable zones (LPZs) and can therefore be considered passive LPZ management approaches. A disadvantage of these approaches is the long duration that may be required to meet acceptable endpoints; however, this allows degradation to potentially play a significant part even at modest rates. The remaining three categories all use approaches to specifically address contaminants in the LPZ. The second category consists of strategies that promote contaminant destruction through the forward diffusion of amendments into the LPZ. A variety of laboratory tests indicate concentration or flux reductions range from no improvement, to reductions as high as four orders‐of‐magnitude depending on the evaluation metric. The third category consists of strategies that alter physical characteristics of the secondary source, and includes viscosity modification, fracturing, and soil mixing. Each of these offer unique advantages and are often used to deliver one or more amendments for contaminant treatment. The final category consists of thermal and electrokinetic remediation, both less susceptible to permeability contrast limitations. However, they are not routinely used for secondary‐source treatment.
Low‐cost synthesis of nano‐hydroxyapatite from carp bone waste: Effect of calcination time and temperature
Authors: Bahraminasab Marjan , Doostmohammadi Nesa , Alizadeh Akram 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to synthesize Hydroxyapatite (HA) from carp bone waste by calcination treatment. The effects of calcination temperature and time on crystallite size, crystallinity%, powder size and morphology, formed phases, and Ca/P ratio were analyzed. The XRD analyses indicated that for 1 h calcination time, HA was the only phase produced at all temperatures. However, for 5 h calcination time, temperatures other than 700ºC resulted in formation of TCP+HA. The HA obtained at 700ºC at both times had less crystallinity compared to other temperatures. Crystallite size increased by increase in temperature at 1 h calcination time. The smallest and largest particulate sizes were obtained at 800ºC for 1 h and 900ºC for 5 h, respectively. The Ca/P ratio close to theoretical value (1.67) was obtained for 5 h calcination time. Finally, the results showed the usefulness of the methodology used in natural HA production that can be used in orthopedics and dentistry.
Surface properties of Ca, Ti‐doped CeO2 and their influence on the reverse water‐gas shift reaction
Authors: Mordekovitz Yuval , Shelly Lee , Rosen Brian A. , Hayun Shmuel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCeO2‐based materials can be found in a variety of catalytic processes, including the reverse water‐gas shift (RWGS) reaction. Nevertheless, the interaction of molecular gases with the surfaces of such materials is still not clear. Recently, some progress was reported on the incorporation of neodymium (Nd) and calcium (Ca) into ceria and their effect on H2O and CO2 adsorption. Titanium (Ti), which has a much smaller ionic radius, has the ability to change the interaction landscape, both as a co‐dopant to Ca and as a sole dopant in the CeO2 system. In this study, the interactions of environmental gases (i.e., water vapor and CO2) on the surface of Ti‐doped CeO2 and Ca,Ti co‐doped CeO2 were investigated. Ti addition to CeO2 was shown to decrease water vapor uptake by up to 25% all while maintaining similar heats of adsorption. In the case of CO2 adsorption, Ti addition to CeO2 had lowered the uptake by more than 50% as well as lowering the heat of adsorption. Co‐doping with Ti and Ca showed small decrease in H2O uptake accompanied with increased heat of adsorption. For CO2, the changes to the uptake and energetics were small and did not indicate a specific trend. The RWGS catalytic performance showed improvement by the addition of Ti in certain levels. The relationship between the doping, surface properties, gas‐surface interactions, and catalytic performance is discussed.
Sintering parameter optimization of Tb3Al5O12 magneto‐optical ceramics by vacuum sintering and HIP post‐treatment
Authors: Li Xiaoying , Liu Qiang , Liu Xin , Zhu Danyang , Hu Dianjun , Tian Feng , Wu Lexiang , Yang Zhaoxiang , Xie Tengfei , Chen Haohong , Li Jiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTransparent terbium aluminum garnet (TAG) ceramics were achieved by the vacuum sintering plus HIP post‐treating from the coprecipitated TAG nanoparticles. The influences of vacuum sintering temperature and sintering aid TEOS on the optical quality of the TAG ceramics were studied. The results show that with the increase of sintering temperature, the optical quality of TAG ceramics is improved gradually, and the in‐line transmittance of the TAG ceramics treated at 1720°C for 20 hours under vacuum and then HIP post‐treated at 1700°C for 3 hours under 200 MPa argon gas is 81.6% at 1064 nm. The sintering additive TEOS can improve the optical quality of TAG ceramics and inhibit the valence state change of Tb3+ ions to Tb4+ during the annealing process. The Verdet constant of the TAG ceramics at 632.8 nm is about −178 rad·T−1·m−1 at room temperature, which is 1.3 times that of the commercial TGG crystals (−134 rad·T−1·m−1).
Activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling restores insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant neurons through transcriptional regulation of IRS‐1
Authors: Tian Shijiao , Tan Shichuan , Jia Wenming , Zhao Juan , Sun Xiulian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAberrant expression and phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS‐1) contribute to brain insulin resistance. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The insulin signaling and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling are two critical pathways for normal cellular function, which interact in both peripheral tissues and the brain and may contribute to insulin resistance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the regulation of IRS‐1 and its downstream insulin signaling by Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in primary neurons. We found that the Wnt agonist Wnt3a enhances the insulin signaling in neurons at the basal state via up‐regulation of IRS‐1. Moreover, Wnt3a up‐regulates IRS‐1 expression and effectively ameliorates insulin resistance in rat primary neurons induced by chronic high insulin exposure. The insulin‐mediated glucose uptake is also stimulated by Wnt3a at both basal and insulin resistant states. We observed that Wnt activation up‐regulates IRS‐1 gene transcription and the subsequent protein expression in SH‐SY5Y cells and rat primary neurons via different means of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling activation, including S33Y β‐catenin over‐expression, CHIR99021 and Wnt3a treatment. We further clarified the molecular mechanism of IRS‐1 transcriptional activation by Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. The Wnt transcription factor TCF4 binds to the −529 bp to −516 bp of the human IRS‐1 promoter fragment and activates IRS‐1 transcription. Overall, these data suggested that Wnt/β‐catenin signaling positively regulates IRS‐1 and insulin signaling and protects against insulin resistance in neurons.
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Vulnerability to warming in a desert amphibian tadpole community: the role of interpopulational variation
Authors: Sanabria E. A. , González E. , Quiroga L. B. , Tejedo M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCurrent assessments of organismal vulnerability to global warming are focusing on physiological trait‐based indices that may allow biologically sounding estimates of heating risk at the local scale. However, intraspecific variability in both exposure and physiological performance may determine large heterogeneity in the distribution of heating risks through the overall species range compromising whole species risk assessments. We examine intra‐ and interspecific variability in two vulnerability indexes: warming tolerances (WT), or the extent that maximum temperatures (Tmax) reaching upper thermal tolerances (CTmax); and thermal safety margin (TSM), or the magnitude that average environmental temperatures (Tmean) exceeding the selected or preferred temperatures (Tsel), in a subtropical warm amphibian tadpole community, at the Monte Desert ecoregion, Argentina. Tadpole populations breeds in temporary ponds and permanent streams that exhibit high thermal heterogeneity. Those populations and species living in hot water bodies, although exhibiting higher CTmax, have lower WT and are more prone to suffer acute heat impacts, thus confirming the prediction of higher thermal risk in ectotherms exposed to higher temperatures. However, these hot pond breeders, although living closer to their CTmax, also preferred high temperatures, showing higher TSMs and being actually exposed to a lower proportion of stressful temperatures than cool selecting populations. Both WT and TSM indexes have significant interpopulational variation. Thus, our findings suggest that attempts to build mechanistic models to forecast species vulnerability to heat stress due to climate change have to include physiological variation among populations.
Analysis of amino acids, hydroxy acids, and amines in CR chondrites
Authors: Aponte José C. , Elsila Jamie E. , Hein Jason E. , Dworkin Jason P. , Glavin Daniel P. , McLain Hannah L. , Parker Eric T. , Cao Timothy , Berger Eve L. , Burton Aaron S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe abundances, relative distributions, and enantiomeric and isotopic compositions of amines, amino acids, and hydroxy acids in Miller Range (MIL) 090001 and MIL 090657 meteorites were determined. Chiral distributions and isotopic compositions confirmed that most of the compounds detected were indigenous to the meteorites and not the result of terrestrial contamination. Combined with data in the literature, suites of these compounds have now been analyzed in a set of six CR chondrites, spanning aqueous alteration types 2.0–2.8. Amino acid abundances ranged from 17 to 3300 nmol g−1 across the six CRs; hydroxy acid abundances ranged from 180 to 1800 nmol g−1; and amine abundances ranged from 40 to 2100 nmol g−1. For amino acids and amines, the weakly altered chondrites contained the highest abundances, whereas hydroxy acids were most abundant in the more altered CR2.0 chondrite. Because water contents in the meteorites are orders of magnitude greater than soluble organics, synthesis of hydroxy acids, which requires water, may be less affected by aqueous alteration than amines and amino acids that require nitrogen‐bearing precursors. Two chiral amino acids that were plausibly extraterrestrial in origin were present with slight enantiomeric excesses: L‐isovaline (~10% excess) and D‐β‐amino‐n‐butyric acid (~9% excess); further studies are needed to verify that the chiral excess in the latter compound is truly extraterrestrial in origin. The isotopic compositions of compounds reported here did not reveal definitive links between the different compound classes such as common synthetic precursors, but will provide a framework for further future in‐depth analyses.
Effects of mutant huntingtin inactivation on Huntington disease‐related behaviours in the BACHD mouse model
Authors: Cheong Rachel Y. , Baldo Barbara , Sajjad Muhammad U. , Kirik Deniz , Petersén Åsa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsHuntington disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder with no disease‐modifying treatments approved so far. Ongoing clinical trials are attempting to reduce huntingtin (HTT) expression in the central nervous system (CNS) using different strategies. Yet, the distribution and timing of HTT‐lowering therapies required for a beneficial clinical effect is less clear. Here, we investigated whether HD‐related behaviours could be prevented by inactivating mutant HTT at different disease stages and to varying degrees in an experimental model.MethodsWe generated mutant BACHD mice with either a widespread or circuit‐specific inactivation of mutant HTT by using Cre recombinase (Cre) under the nestin promoter or the adenosine A2A receptor promoter respectively. We also simulated a clinical gene therapy scenario with allele‐specific HTT targeting by injections of recombinant adeno‐associated viral (rAAV) vectors expressing Cre into the striatum of adult BACHD mice. All mice were assessed using behavioural tests to investigate motor, metabolic and psychiatric outcome measures at 4–6 months of age.ResultsWhile motor deficits, body weight changes, anxiety and depressive‐like behaviours are present in BACHD mice, early widespread CNS inactivation during development significantly improves rotarod performance, body weight changes and depressive‐like behaviour. However, conditional circuit‐wide mutant HTT deletion from the indirect striatal pathway during development and focal striatal‐specific deletion in adulthood failed to rescue any of the HD‐related behaviours.ConclusionsOur results indicate that widespread targeting and the timing of interventions aimed at reducing mutant HTT are important factors to consider when developing disease‐modifying therapies for HD.
Accurate calling of KIAA1549‐BRAF fusions from DNA of human brain tumours using methylation array‐based copy number and gene panel sequencing data
Authors: Stichel Damian , Schrimpf Daniel , Sievers Philipp , Reinhardt Annekathrin , Suwala Abigail K. , Sill Martin , Reuss David E. , Korshunov Andrey , Casalini Belén M. , Sommerkamp Alexander C. , Ecker Jonas , Selt Florian , Sturm Dominik , Gnekow Astrid , Koch Arend , Simon Michèle , Hernáiz Driever Pablo , Schüller Ulrich , Capper David , van Tilburg Cornelis M. , Witt Olaf , Milde Till , Pfister Stefan M. , Jones David T. W. , von Deimling Andreas , Sahm Felix , Wefers Annika K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsKIAA1549‐BRAF fusions occur in certain brain tumours and provide druggable targets due to a constitutive activation of the MAP‐kinase pathway. We introduce workflows for calling the KIAA1549‐BRAF fusion from DNA methylation array‐derived copy number as well as DNA panel sequencing data.MethodsCopy number profiles were analysed by automated screening and visual verification of a tandem duplication on chromosome 7q34, indicative of the KIAA1549‐BRAF fusion. Pilocytic astrocytomas of the ICGC cohort with known fusion status were used for validation. KIAA1549‐BRAF fusions were called from DNA panel sequencing data using the fusion callers Manta, Arriba with modified filtering criteria and deFuse. We screened DNA methylation and panel sequencing data of 7790 specimens from brain tumour and sarcoma entities.ResultsWe identified the fusion in 337 brain tumours with both DNA methylation and panel sequencing data. Among these, we detected the fusion from copy number data in 84% and from DNA panel sequencing data in more than 90% using Arriba with modified filters. While in 74% the KIAA1549‐BRAF fusion was detected from both methylation array‐derived copy number and panel sequencing data, in 9% it was detected from copy number data only and in 16% from panel data only. The fusion was almost exclusively found in pilocytic astrocytomas, diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumours and high‐grade astrocytomas with piloid features.ConclusionsThe KIAA1549‐BRAF fusion can be reliably detected from either DNA methylation array or DNA panel data. The use of both methods is recommended for the most sensitive detection of this diagnostically and therapeutically important marker.