bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normative values of muscle strength across ages in a ‘real world’ population: results from the longevity check‐up 7+ project
Authors: Landi Francesco , Calvani Riccardo , Martone Anna Maria , Salini Sara , Zazzara Maria Beatrice , Candeloro Matteo , Coelho‐Junior Hélio José , Tosato Matteo , Picca Anna , Marzetti Emanuele 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundLow muscle strength is a powerful predictor of negative health‐related events and a key component of sarcopenia. The lack of normative values for muscle strength across ages hampers the practical appraisal of this parameter. The aim of the present study was to produce normative values for upper and lower extremity muscle strength across a wide spectrum of ages, in a large sample of community‐dwellers recruited in the Longevity check‐up (Lookup) 7+ project.MethodsLookup 7+ is an ongoing project that started in June 2015 and conducted in unconventional settings (i.e. exhibitions, malls, and health promotion campaigns) across Italy with the aim of fostering the adoption of healthy lifestyles in the general population. Candidate participants are eligible for enrolment if they are 18+ years and provide written informed consent. Upper and lower extremity muscle strength is assessed by handgrip strength and five‐repetition chair‐stand [5 × sit‐to‐stand (STS)] tests, respectively. Cross‐sectional centile and normative values for handgrip strength and 5 × STS tests from age 18 to 80+ years were generated for the two genders. Smoothed normative curves for the two tests were constructed for men and women using the lambda‐mu‐sigma method.ResultsFrom 1 June 2015 to 30 May 2019, 11 448 participants were enrolled. The mean age of participants was 55.6 years (standard deviation: 11.5 years; range: 18–98 years), and 6382 (56%) were women. Normative values for handgrip strength and the 5 × STS test, both absolute and normalized by body mass index, were obtained for men and women, stratified by age groups. Values of upper and lower extremity muscle strength across ages identified three periods in life: an increase to peak in young age and early adulthood (18–24 years), preservation through midlife (25–44 years), and a decline from midlife onwards (45+ years).ConclusionsOur study established age‐specific and gender‐specific percentile reference values for handgrip strength and the 5 × STS test. The normative curves generated can be used to interpret the assessment of muscle strength in everyday practice for the early detection of individuals with or at risk of sarcopenia.
Extremal total distance of graphs of given radius I
Authors: Cambie Stijn 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn 1984, Plesník determined the minimum total distance for given order and diameter and characterized the extremal graphs and digraphs. We prove the analog for given order and radius, when the order is sufficiently large compared to the radius. This confirms asymptotically a conjecture of Chen et al. We also state an analog of the conjecture of Chen et al for digraphs and prove it for sufficiently large order.
Using apheresis‐derived cells to augment microdrilling in the treatment of chondral defects in an ovine model
Authors: Henson Frances , Lydon Helen , Birch Mark , Brooks Roger , McCaskie Andrew 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe treatment of chondral defects using microdrilling often results in a mechanically weak fibrocartilagenous repair, rather than a more robust hyaline cartilage repair. Many different microfracture/microdrilling augmentation techniques have been described, including the use of cellular products to enhance healing. Autologous peripheral blood progenitor cells can be obtained via apheresis after administration of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) and have been used successfully to augment microdrilling in clinical patients. The objective of this study was to use apheresis‐derived mononuclear blood cells to augment microdrilling treatment of a cartilage defect in an ovine model to determine the effect on healing. Forty adult female sheep were used in this study and were divided into a control group (microdrilling alone) and a treatment group (microdrilling, hyaluronic acid, and apheretic product). Outcome measurements included weight‐bearing on the operated limb, macroscopic scoring of the joint, histology, and immunohistochemistry. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging was used to attempt to identify SPION‐labeled cells from the apheretic product in the operated limbs. The results showed a significant increase in healing as measured by the modified O'Driscoll sore in the treated group. No evidence of homing of SPION‐labeled cells to the defect was found and no correlation was found between the response to G‐CSF administration or concentration of CD34+ and outcome. A correlation was found between healing and the concentration of white blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cell numbers in the apheretic product.
Traumatic joint injury induces acute catabolic bone turnover concurrent with articular cartilage damage in a rat model of posttraumatic osteoarthritis
Authors: Maerz Tristan , Newton Michael D. , Fleischer Mackenzie , Hartner Samantha E. , Gawronski Karissa , Junginger Lucas , Baker Kevin C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAssess acute alterations in bone turnover, microstructure, and histomorphometry following noninvasive anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACLR). Twelve female Lewis rats were randomized to receive noninvasive ACLR or Sham loading (n = 6/group). In vivo μCT was performed at 3, 7, 10, and 14 days postinjury to quantify compartment‐dependent subchondral (SCB) and epiphyseal trabecular bone remodeling. Near‐infrared (NIR) molecular imaging was used to measure in vivo bone anabolism (800 CW BoneTag) and catabolism (Cat K 680 FAST). Metaphyseal bone remodeling and articular cartilage morphology was quantified using ex vivo μCT and contrast‐enhanced µCT, respectively. Calcein‐based dynamic histomorphometry was used to quantify bone formation. OARSI scoring was used to assess joint degeneration, and osteoclast number was quantified on TRAP stained‐sections. ACLR induced acute catabolic bone remodeling in subchondral, epiphyseal, and metaphyseal compartments. Thinning of medial femoral condyle (MFC) SCB was observed as early as 7 days postinjury, while lateral femoral condyles (LFCs) exhibited SCB gains. Trabecular thinning was observed in MFC epiphyseal bone, with minimal changes to LFC. NIR imaging demonstrated immediate and sustained reduction of bone anabolism (~15%–20%), and a ~32% increase in bone catabolism at 14 days, compared to contralateral limbs. These findings were corroborated by reduced bone formation rate and increased osteoclast numbers, observed histologically. ACLR‐injured femora had significantly elevated OARSI score, cartilage thickness, and cartilage surface deviation. ACL rupture induces immediate and sustained reduction of bone anabolism and overactivation of bone catabolism, with mild‐to‐moderate articular cartilage damage at 14 days postinjury.
Preparing Wildlife for Climate Change: How Far Have We Come?
Authors: LEDee Olivia E. , Handler Stephen D. , Hoving Christopher L. , Swanston Christopher W. , Zuckerberg Benjamin 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTGlobal biodiversity is in unprecedented decline and on‐the‐ground solutions are imperative for conservation. Although there is a large volume of evidence related to climate change effects on wildlife, research on climate adaptation strategies is lagging. To assess the current state of knowledge in climate adaptation, we conducted a comprehensive literature review and evaluated 1,346 peer‐reviewed publications for management recommendations designed to address the consequences of climate change on wildlife populations. From 509 publications, we identified 2,306 recommendations and employed both qualitative and quantitative methods for data analysis. Although we found an increase in the volume and diversity of recommendations since 2007, a focus on protected areas (26%, 596 of 2,306 recommendations) and the non‐reserve matrix (12%, 276 of 2,306 recommendations) remained prominent in the climate adaptation literature. Common concepts include protected areas, invasive species, ecosystem services, adaptive management, stepping stones, assisted migration, and conservation easements. In contrast, only 1% of recommendations focused on reproduction (n = 26), survival (n = 14), disease (n = 26), or human‐wildlife conflict (n = 24). Few recommendations reflected the potential for local‐scale management interventions. We demonstrate limited advancement in preparing natural resource managers in climate adaptation at local, management‐relevant scales. Additional research is needed to identify and evaluate climate adaptation strategies aimed at reducing the vulnerability of wildlife to contemporary climate change. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Anti‐Thermal‐Quenching Bi3+ Luminescence in a Cyan‐Emitting Ba2ZnGe2O7:Bi Phosphor Based on Zinc Vacancy
Authors: Wei Yi , Yang Hang , Gao Zhiyu , Yun Xiaohan , Xing Gongcheng , Zhou Chenggang , Li Guogang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThermal quenching (TQ) of phosphor is one of the biggest challenges to develop high‐quality white light‐emitting diodes (w‐LEDs). Herein, an anti‐thermal‐quenching (anti‐TQ) property in cyan‐emitting Ba2ZnGe2O7:Bi3+ phosphor is reported. At 150 °C, its emission intensity increases to 114% of the original intensity at 25 °C. Especially, the integrated emission intensity reaches 138%, 148%, and 134% at 150, 200, and 250 °C, respectively, by artificially creating zinc and oxygen vacancy defect. The anti‐TQ phenomenon is mainly attributed to high structure rigidity and strong ability to compensate emission loss during thermal generation process. Thermal‐induced emission compensation mainly stems from self‐oxidization behavior of Bi2+ in zinc vacancy and the presence of oxygen vacancy defect. Oxygen vacancy is induced by native zinc vacancy and charge imbalance between Bi3+ and Ba2+ ions. The strategy to create oxygen vacancy defect and design self‐oxidization process of Bi opens a new insight to exploit anti‐TQ phosphors for high‐quality w‐LEDs applications.
Registration of ‘Devote’ soft white winter wheat
Authors: Carter A.H. , Balow K.A. , Shelton G.B. , Burke A.B. , Hagemeyer K.E. , Stowe A. , Worapong J. , Higginbotham R.W. , Chen X.M. , Engle D.A. , Murray T.D. , Morris C.F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe development of soft white winter (SWW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars requires numerous traits to be successfully commercialized in the low‐ to intermediate‐rainfall (<400‐mm average annual precipitation) wheat production regions of the state of Washington, including winterhardiness, high grain volume weight, acceptable end‐use quality, and resistance to stripe rust, Fusarium crown rot (FCR), strawbreaker foot rot, and snow mold. Two essential traits for the low‐ to intermediate‐rainfall production regions of the state are emergence from deep planting and high grain yield under low annual rainfall conditions. ‘Devote’ (Reg. no. CV‐1170, PI 693628) SWW wheat was developed and released in March 2019 by the Agricultural Research Center of Washington State University. Devote is a semi‐dwarf cultivar adapted for the low‐ to intermediate‐rainfall wheat production regions of the state, emerges well under deep planting conditions, and is winter hardy. Devote has high‐temperature adult‐plant resistance to the stripe rust pathogen, carries the Pch1 gene for strawbreaker foot rot, is resistant to FCR and tolerant to snow mold, is intermediate in height, has late‐season maturity, and has high grain volume weight and grain yield. The end‐use quality properties of Devote are acceptable for cookie, cake, and cracker production.
The impact of vitamin D supplementation as an adjuvant therapy on clinical outcomes in patients with severe atopic dermatitis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mansour Noha O. , Mohamed Amal Ahmed , Hussein Maha , Eldemiry Eman , Daifalla Aliaa , Hassanin Soha , Nassar Nourelhuda , Ghaith Doaa , Mohamed Salah Eman 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVitamin D supplementation with standard treatment yielded positive clinical outcomes in mild and moderate atopic dermatitis; however, the potential benefit of vitamin D in severe cases remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on response to standard treatment in pediatrics with severe atopic dermatitis. The patients were randomized to receive either vitamin D 3 1600 IU/day or placebo, plus baseline therapy of topical 1% hydrocortisone cream twice daily for 12 weeks. The primary endpoints were the change in mean Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score at the end of the study and the mean percent change in EASI score from baseline to week 12. Eighty‐six subjects completed the study. The treated group achieved a significant higher level of 25 hydroxy vitamin D (P < .001) compared to control group at week 12. The mean EASI score was significantly lower in the treatment group compared to placebo group (P = .035). The percent change in EASI score from baseline differed significantly between the supplementation (56.44 ± 29.33) and placebo (42.09 ± 19.22) groups after intervention (P = .039). Vitamin D supplementation could be an effective adjuvant treatment that improves the clinical outcomes in severe atopic dermatitis.
Cutaneous Sequelae of a National Health Crisis: Obesity and the Skin
Authors: Cotter C. , Walsh S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
The global obesity pandemic has far-reaching health consequences and has become a major global health challenge. The worldwide prevalence of obesity nearly doubled between 1980 and 2008 and based on the latest estimates in the European Union, obesity affects up to 30% of adults. As a consequence of this rising prevalence of obesity, there has been an increase in the frequency of certain disease of the skin.

Objectives
We review the cutaneous sequelae of obesity, firstly describing the physiological consequences of increased adiposity in the skin and secondly examining the dermatoses associated with obesity.
Root causing, detecting, and fixing flaky tests: State of the art and future roadmap
Authors: Zolfaghari Behrouz , Parizi Reza M. , Srivastava Gautam , Hailemariam Yoseph 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA flaky test is a test that may lead to different results in different runs on a single code under test without any change in the test code. Test flakiness is a noxious phenomenon that slows down software deployment, and increases the expenditures in a broad spectrum of platforms such as software‐defined networks and Internet of Things environments. Industrial institutes and labs have conducted a whole lot of research projects aiming at tackling this problem. Although this issue has been receiving more attention from academia in recent years, the academic research community is still behind the industry in this area. A systematic review and trend analysis on the existing approaches for detecting and root causing flaky tests can pave the way for future research on this topic. This can help academia keep pace with industrial advancements and even lead the research in this field. This article first presents a comprehensive review of recent achievements of the industry as well as academia regarding the detection and mitigation of flaky tests. In the next step, recent trends in this line of research are analyzed and a roadmap is established for future research.
Nurturing Every Learner’s Potential: Education Reform in Kenya
Authors: Fomiškina Jeļena , Woogen Eve , Peiris Ama , Abdulrazzak Somaia , Cameron Emma 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In Kenya, a broad education reform was implemented after recognizing that the current system was not aligned with the country’s vision of producing globally competitive learners with competencies for the twenty-first century. The implementation process began with a pilot in 2017 and is planned to continue through 2028. In addition to the introduction of a competency-based curriculum, key components of the reform are a commitment to achieving a 100% transition from primary to secondary school by eliminating exam-based barriers to transition and a provision of a wide range of pathways for students to follow. Under the vision of “Nurturing Every Learner’s Potential”, the reform is grounded in the idea that learning should be active and individualized rather than teacher-centric and that schools – including secondary schools – are a place for developing a wide range of competencies and behaviors in addition to the traditional academic skills. In doing so, the government of Kenya seeks to reframe deeply-held cultural perspectives on education’s purpose and content. Such cultural shifts will require significant outreach and training efforts to achieve the buy-in from both families and teachers, and at this stage, it remains to be seen whether these efforts will succeed.
Prognostic significance of S100A8-positive immune cells in relation to other immune cell infiltration in pre-invasive and invasive breast cancers
Authors: Woo Ji Won , Chung Yul Ri , Kim Milim , Choi Hye Yeon , Ahn Soomin , Park So Yeon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMyeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important role in tumor progression through both immunologic and non-immunologic mechanisms. This study was conducted to evaluate the expression of S100A8, a well-known MDSC marker, and the significance of its expression in pre-invasive and invasive breast cancers. S100A8 expression in tumor cells (TCs) and immune cells (ICs) was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and its association with clinicopathologic features and infiltration of other IC subsets including CD4+, CD8+, and FOXP3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and PD-L1+ ICs was evaluated. S100A8 expression in TCs and ICs showed a positive correlation in pre-invasive carcinoma and invasive carcinoma. S100A8+ ICs, but not S100A8+ TCs, were significantly higher in number in invasive carcinoma than in pre-invasive carcinoma. Infiltration of S100A8+ ICs was revealed as a poor prognostic indicator in pre-invasive and invasive carcinomas, especially in hormone receptor-positive subgroup. Infiltration of CD4+, CD8+, and FOXP3+ TIL subsets and PD-L1+ ICs was significantly higher in S100A8+ IC (+) group than in S100A8+ IC (−) group. Combined analyses of IC subset infiltration revealed that infiltration of S100A8+ ICs was associated with poor clinical outcome in the PD-L1+ IC (−), CD8+ TIL-low, and FOXP3+ TIL-low subgroups. In conclusion, S100A8+ ICs seem to undergo a dynamic change during breast cancer progression in association with other IC subset infiltration. The prognostic impact of S100A8+ IC infiltration was greater in less immunogenic tumors.
Impact of Ageing on Hepatic Malignancy Resection: Is Age Really a Risk Factor for Mortality?
Authors: Liu Jianliang , Reid Jessica , Trochsler Markus , Leopardi Lisa , Edwards Suzanne , Maddern Guy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith an ageing population, it is paramount for surgeons to comprehend the implications of age on surgical outcomes. This study aims to identify the effects of age on perioperative outcomes post‐hepatectomy.MethodsBetween 2001 and 2017, 357 hepatectomies were performed in our centre for malignancy. Data recorded include demographic, histopathology and perioperative outcomes. Patients were divided into three age groups (Group 1 < 65 years, Group 2 65–74 years, Group 3 ≥ 75 years).ResultsWith increasing age, there was a trend towards patient having: ASA ≥ 3 (from 32.1% to 60.9%, p < 0.0001), clear margins (from 80.4% to 88.3%, p = 0.2256), days of hospitalisation (from 9.5 ± 6.9 to 12 ± 8.0, p = 0.0003), days of ICU admission (from 2.3 ± 2.8 to 2.8 ± 12.9, p = 0.0790) and morbidity (from 39% to 58.5%, p = 0.0073). Cardiovascular complications and postoperative delirium increase with age. There was no significant difference in mortality across the three groups. Univariate and bivariate binary logistic regressions found no association between mortality and age. When adjusted for age, 30‐ and 90‐day mortality was significantly associated with Clavien–Dindo ≥ 3, length of hospital and cardiac complications. Additionally, 90‐day mortality was significantly associated with ASA score ≥3, mass of liver resected, length of ICU stay and hepatobiliary, pulmonary and genitourinary complications.ConclusionIncreased age is associated with increased post‐hepatectomy complications, prolonged hospital stay and ICU admission. However, age itself is not a contraindication for hepatectomy and is not associated with increased mortality. Good histopathology outcomes and low mortality rates are achievable with careful patient selection and appropriate perioperative management.
Aufbereitung der bei der Kabelschrott-Verarbeitung anfallenden Mischkunststofffraktion zu marktfähigen Produkten
Authors: Simon Oliver , Schwarz Hubert Alexander , Flachberger Helmut 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Firma Schaufler GmbH entwickelt gemeinsam mit dem Lehrstuhl für Aufbereitung und Veredlung der Montanuniversität Leoben und mit Unterstützung der FFG im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes „Re:PVC-P“ ein neuartiges Verfahrens- und Anlagenkonzept für die bei der Kabelschrott-Aufbereitung anfallende Mischkunststofffraktion. Dabei gilt es vielfältige Herausforderungen zu überwinden: ohne Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit seien die möglichst vollständige Störstoffabtrennung, die Herstellung sortenreiner Kunststoffkonzentrate (mit einer gewissen Fokussierung auf PVC) mithilfe innovativer Verfahrenskonzepte und Aufbereitungsaggregate und die Erzeugung qualitativ hochwertiger Regranulate aus den erzeugten Kunststoffkonzentraten mittels modernster Kunststoff-Maschinentechnik genannt. Die solcherart erzeugten Regranulate, die Primärrohstoffe der verarbeitenden Industrie substituieren können, sollen einen bedeutenden Beitrag zu Nachhaltigkeit und Ressourcenschonung leisten.
GANFuse: a novel multi-exposure image fusion method based on generative adversarial networks
Authors: Yang Zhiguang , Chen Youping , Le Zhuliang , Ma Yong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a novel multi-exposure image fusion method based on generative adversarial networks (termed as GANFuse) is presented. Conventional multi-exposure image fusion methods improve their fusion performance by designing sophisticated activity-level measurement and fusion rules. However, these methods have a limited success in complex fusion tasks. Inspired by the recent FusionGAN which firstly utilizes generative adversarial networks (GAN) to fuse infrared and visible images and achieves promising performance, we improve its architecture and customize it in the task of extreme exposure image fusion. To be specific, in order to keep content of extreme exposure image pairs in the fused image, we increase the number of discriminators differentiating between fused image and extreme exposure image pairs. While, a generator network is trained to generate fused images. Through the adversarial relationship between generator and discriminators, the fused image will contain more information from extreme exposure image pairs. Thus, this relationship can realize better performance of fusion. In addition, the method we proposed is an end-to-end and unsupervised learning model, which can avoid designing hand-crafted features and does not require a number of ground truth images for training. We conduct qualitative and quantitative experiments on a public dataset, and the experimental result shows that the proposed model demonstrates better fusion ability than existing multi-exposure image fusion methods in both visual effect and evaluation metrics.