bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young‐onset diabetes, nutritional therapy and novel insulin delivery systems: a report from the 21st Hong Kong Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Factors – East Meets West Symposium
Authors: Luk A. O. Y. , Kong A. P. S. , Basu A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe prevalence and incidence of young‐onset diabetes are increasing in many parts of the world, with the most rapid increase occurring in Asia, where one in five people with diabetes are diagnosed below the age of 40 years. Accumulation of glycaemic burden from an early age significantly increases the lifetime risks of developing complications from diabetes. Despite impending health threats, young people fare worse in the control of blood glucose and other metabolic risk factors. Challenges in the management of young‐onset diabetes are compounded by heterogeneity of the underlying causes, pathophysiology and clinical phenotypes in this group. Effective characterization of people with diabetes has implications in steering the choice of glucose‐lowering drugs, which, in turn, determines the clinical outcome. Medical nutritional therapy is key to effective management of people with diabetes but dietary adherence is often suboptimal among younger individuals. A recently published consensus report on nutritional therapy addresses dietary management in people with prediabetes as well as diabetes, and summarizes clinical evidence regarding macronutrient and micronutrient composition as well as eating patterns in people with diabetes. For people with type 1 diabetes, automated insulin delivery systems have rapidly evolved since the concept was first introduced at the National Institute of Health and the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation in 2005. The subsequent development of a type 1 diabetes simulator, developed using detailed human physiology data on carbohydrate metabolism replaced the need for pre‐clinical animal studies and facilitated the seamless progression to artificial pancreas human clinical trials.
Contrast‐enhanced echocardiographic detection of severe aortic insufficiency in venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Janus Scott E. , Hajjari Jamal , Al‐Kindi Sadeer , Elgudin Yakov , Hoit Brian D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVenoarterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support is an increasingly used temporizing therapy for patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. Contrast‐enhanced echocardiography plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of diseases that precipitate severe cardiac failure. In this case report, we describe a previously healthy 60‐year‐old woman who presented with dyspnea on exertion, and whose hospital course was complicated by ventricular fibrillation, emergent coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), and ECMO support. Her contrast‐enhanced ECMO images demonstrated a unique pattern of opacification of three of the four cardiac chambers, which led to a diagnosis of severe aortic insufficiency.
Enhancement of spinal reciprocal inhibition depends on the movement speed and range of repetitive passive movement
Authors: Hirabayashi Ryo , Edama Mutsuaki , Kojima Sho , Miyaguchi Shota , Onishi Hideaki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRepetitive passive movement (RPM) is a rehabilitation technique that increases spinal reciprocal inhibition (RI) as movement speed increases. However, characterization of the RPM number, frequency and range relative to the afferent impulses of muscle spindles and RI modulation has not been performed. In this study, we attempted to clarify these factors and evaluate their relationship to RI. We used 20 healthy adults for our first experiment (Experiment 1) and 16 healthy adults for our second experiment (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, the RPM task was performed in the 80°–120° range for the ankle joint for 618 times at 80°/s (80°/s_618 times), 309 times at 160°/s (160°/s_309 times) and 618 times at 160°/s (160°/s_618 times). In Experiment 2, the RPM task focused on two ranges for the ankle joint (80°–100° and 100°–120°) and was performed at 160°/s with a movement time of 10 min. To measure RI, electrical stimulation was used to evoke a conditioning stimulus in the common peroneal nerve and the test stimulus in the tibial nerve. Conditions included the test stimulus only and conditioning stimulation–test stimulation intervals (CTI) of 2 and 20 ms. RI was measured before (Pre); immediately after; and 5, 10, 15 and 20 min after the task. Our findings suggest that the faster the movement speed of the RPM and the wider the movement range, the greater the increase in Ia firing. This may have enhanced RI by activating the inhibitory interneurons of RI.
Validation and association of candidate markers for adult migration timing and fitness in Chinook Salmon
Authors: Koch Ilana J. , Narum Shawn R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent studies have begun to elucidate the genetic basis for phenotypic traits in salmonid species, but many questions remain before these candidate genes can be directly incorporated into conservation management. In Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), a region of major effect for migration timing has been discovered that harbors two adjacent candidate genes (greb1L, rock1), but there has been limited work to examine the association between these genes and migratory phenotypes at the individual, compared to the population, level. To provide a more thorough test of individual phenotypic association within lineages of Chinook Salmon, 33 candidate markers were developed across a 220 Kb region on chromosome 28 previously associated with migration timing. Candidate and neutral markers were genotyped in individuals from representative collections that exhibit phenotypic variation in timing of arrival to spawning grounds from each of three lineages of Chinook Salmon. Association tests confirmed the majority of markers on chromosome 28 were significantly associated with arrival timing and the strongest association was consistently observed for markers within the rock1 gene and the intergenic region between greb1L and rock1. Candidate markers alone explained a wide range of phenotypic variation for Lower Columbia and Interior ocean‐type lineages (29% and 78%, respectively), but less for the Interior stream‐type lineage (5%). Individuals that were heterozygous at markers within or upstream of rock1 had phenotypes that suggested a pattern of dominant inheritance for early arrival across populations. Finally, previously published fitness estimates from the Interior stream‐type lineage enabled tests of association with arrival timing and two candidate markers, which revealed that fish with homozygous mature genotypes had slightly higher fitness than fish with premature genotypes, while heterozygous fish were intermediate. Overall, these results provide additional information for individual‐level genetic variation associated with arrival timing that may assist with conservation management of this species.
Environmental effect of PWR primary water on fatigue life of stainless steel (influence of loading rate on fatigue life reduction)
Authors: Kamaya Masayuki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFatigue tests on Type 316 stainless steel specimens were conducted for various combinations of rise time and strain range in simulated pressurized water reactor (PWR) water. It was demonstrated that crack growth rate estimated from test results correlated well with the strain intensity factor range. An equation for predicting Fen was obtained as a function of rise time and strain range. It was found that, although Fen depends on strain range, the magnitude of the change in Fen due to the strain range is negligibly small compared with the scatter in the test results.
Identifying areas at risk of drought‐induced tree mortality across South‐Eastern Australia
Authors: De Kauwe Martin G. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Ukkola Anna M. , Mu Mengyuan , Sabot Manon E. B. , Pitman Andrew J. , Meir Patrick , Cernusak Lucas A. , Rifai Sami W. , Choat Brendan , Tissue David T. , Blackman Chris J. , Li Ximeng , Roderick Michael , Briggs Peter R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSouth‐East Australia has recently been subjected to two of the worst droughts in the historical record (Millennium Drought, 2000–2009 and Big Dry, 2017–2019). Unfortunately, a lack of forest monitoring has made it difficult to determine whether widespread tree mortality has resulted from these droughts. Anecdotal observations suggest the Big Dry may have led to more significant tree mortality than the Millennium drought. Critically, to be able to robustly project future expected climate change effects on Australian vegetation, we need to assess the vulnerability of Australian trees to drought. Here we implemented a model of plant hydraulics into the Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE) land surface model. We parameterized the drought response behaviour of five broad vegetation types, based on a common garden dry‐down experiment with species originating across a rainfall gradient (188–1,125 mm/year) across South‐East Australia. The new hydraulics model significantly improved (~35%–45% reduction in root mean square error) CABLE’s previous predictions of latent heat fluxes during periods of water stress at two eddy covariance sites in Australia. Landscape‐scale predictions of the greatest percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) of about 40%–60%, were broadly consistent with satellite estimates of regions of the greatest change in both droughts. In neither drought did CABLE predict that trees would have reached critical PLC in widespread areas (i.e. it projected a low mortality risk), although the model highlighted critical levels near the desert regions of South‐East Australia where few trees live. Overall, our experimentally constrained model results imply significant resilience to drought conferred by hydraulic function, but also highlight critical data and scientific gaps. Our approach presents a promising avenue to integrate experimental data and make regional‐scale predictions of potential drought‐induced hydraulic failure.
Structural and functional characterisation of compositionally optimised rice bran and lingonberry dietary fibre‐based gel‐type product enriched with phytochemicals
Authors: Zadeike Daiva , Vaitkeviciene Ruta , Marksa Mindaugas , Juodeikiene Grazina , Bendoraitiene Joana , Bartkiene Elena , Lele Vita , Viskelis Pranas , Bernatoniene Jurga , Jakstas Valdas 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIn this study, the model gel‐type delivery system containing rice bran (RB), lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis‐idaea L.) press cake (LPC) and thyme essential oil (Thymus vulgaris L.), was developed and evaluated by their texture, gelation rate and antioxidant activity changes during storage and simulated gastrointestinal digestion. For the structuring of the gel‐type RB‐LPC matrix, a high‐intensity ultrasound (850 kHz; 1.3 W cm−2) treatment at 40 °C was applied. The release of total phenols and flavonoids was measured during digestion process by a spectrophotometric method and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC), respectively. The contributions of xanthan and alginate as gelling agents to improve the stability of the gel texture protecting it from fast degradation under gastrointestinal digestion enable a controlled release of antioxidants, thus improving their biodistribution. Storage temperature influenced the reduction of antioxidant activity in gels depending on stabiliser used, with the lowest values from those with alginate when stored for 28 days at 4 °C. This knowledge can be used to facilitate the selection of the most appropriate plant polysaccharide‐based delivery system for specific applications.
The effect of layer thickness on adsorption and catalytic activity of sandwich‐like ceramics
Authors: Mikhaylov Vasily I. , Krivoshapkina Elena F. , Istomina Elena I. , Nazarova Elena A. , Krivoshapkin Pavel V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractScalable and easily implementable sol‐gel approach for creating self‐supported sandwich‐like Al2O3/Fe2O3/Al2O3 films was proposed. A comprehensive study of the composition, microstructure, thermal, textural, catalytic, and adsorption properties were carried out. The possibility of varying the relative thickness of the layers allows to diversify functional properties of the materials. On the one hand, films with thick mesoporous alumina layers and a thin internal iron oxide layer behave as effective magnetically separable Cr(VI) adsorbents. On the other hand, thin thermally and chemically resistant mesoporous alumina layers, bounding the iron oxide layer, prevent degradation and deactivation of the catalytically active iron oxide sites in the catalysis process and provide full access of the reagents. The Al2O3/Fe2O3/Al2O3 films can be easily separated from a liquid medium due to rapid settling of large fragments and the possibility of magnetic separation. Thus, these films are convenient objects for various environmental applications.
An integrative review: Challenges and opportunities for stroke survivors and caregivers in hospital to home transition care
Authors: Chen Langduo , Xiao Lily D. , Chamberlain Diane 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo identify challenges and opportunities for stroke survivors and caregivers in hospital to home transition care.BackgroundDue to shortened hospital stays, stroke survivors and caregivers must take responsibility for complex care on discharge from hospital to home. Gaps exist in the literature that synthesizes studies on hospital to home transition care.DesignA systematic integrated review.Data sourcesSix databases were searched systematically between 18 June 2018 – 31 October 2018 including Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, ProQuest, Scopus and Science Direct. The search did not have a date limit.Review methodsStudies that met the selection criteria were critically reviewed. Data were extracted from the studies for analyses. A convergent qualitative synthesis approach using inductive thematic synthesis was applied to the review.ResultsThe analysis of 23 studies identified three major findings. First, health and social care systems influence transition care by either enabling stroke survivors and caregivers to manage transition care via well‐coordinated services or preventing them from accessing services. Second, health professionals’ partnership with stroke survivors and caregivers largely decides tailored support for them. Successful partnerships and engagements with stroke survivors and caregivers depend on organizational resources. Third, survivors and caregivers are at different levels of readiness to cope with challenges. Individualized support for them to develop resilience is highly regarded.ConclusionStroke survivors and caregivers encounter enormous challenges in self‐management of hospital to home transition care. Further research is required to address their expectations of support during transition care.ImpactThere is a lack of synthesis of studies on factors affecting hospital to home transition care for stroke survivors. Health and social care system designs, health professionals’ commitment to individualized care and the self‐management capability of stroke survivors and their caregivers have a profound influence on the transition care experiences.
Tunnel technique with connective tissue graft versus coronally advanced flap with enamel matrix derivate for root coverage: 2‐year results of an RCT using 3D digital measuring for volumetric comparison of gingival dimensions
Authors: Zuhr Otto , Rebele Stephan F. , Vach Kirstin , Petsos Hari , Hürzeler Markus B. ,   the Research Group for Oral Soft Tissue Biology & Wound Healing
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this randomized clinical trial was to compare clinical and volumetric outcomes of tunnel technique (TUN) with subepithelial connective tissue graft (CTG) versus coronally advanced flap (CAF) with enamel matrix derivate (EMD) 2 years after gingival recession (GR) treatment.Materials and methodsTwenty‐three patients contributed 45 Miller class I or II GR. At baseline and follow‐up examinations, study models were collected. Their three‐dimensional scans allowed precise computer‐assisted measurement of recession depth (REC), complete root coverage (CRC), percentage of root coverage (RC), pointwise (pTHK) and mean areal (aTHK) marginal soft tissue thickness. Clinical examination delivered probing depths (PPD) and height of keratinized tissue.Results24 months after surgery, digitally evaluated CRC was present in 60.0% of the TUN + CTG and 0.0% of the CAF + EMD‐treated sites (p < .0001), meaning a certain relapse of the gingival margin ragarding both approaches. RC amounted to 94.0% (TUN + CTG) and 57.3% (CAF + EMD), respectively (p < .0001). REC reduction (RECred) was significantly higher for TUN + CTG (1.81 ± 0.56 mm) than for CAF + EMD (0.90 ± 0.45 mm) (p < .0001). pTHK and aTHK values were significantly greater in the TUN + CTG group (1.41 ± 0.35 mm and 1.11 ± 0.26 mm) than in the CAF + EMD group (0.78 ± 0.32 mm and 0.60 ± 0.26 mm) (p < .0001). Statistical analysis detected positive correlations between THK and both RC and RECred (p < .001).ConclusionsTwo years post‐operatively, CTG showed better clinical and volumetric outcomes than EMD. Increased THK values were associated with improved outcomes regarding RC and RECred.
The European Union control strategy for Campylobacter spp. in the broiler meat chain
Authors: Nastasijevic Ivan , Proscia Francesco , Boskovic Marija , Glisic Milica , Blagojevic Bojan , Sorgentone Simona , Kirbis Andrej , Ferri Maurizio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCampylobacter is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and the most frequently reported foodborne pathogen in the European Union (EU). While campylobacteriosis is generally self‐limiting, some patients could develop severe sequelae. The predominant source of infection is poultry. This review addresses the most relevant factors influencing the prevalence and contamination level of Campylobacter spp. in the poultry chain continuum. The emphasis was put on the novel control strategy for Campylobacter that is based on evidence‐based risk assessment and the introduction of process hygiene criterion intended for monitoring the prevalence and counts of Campylobacter spp. on broiler carcasses at slaughter level. The reduction of Campylobacter spp. in the poultry meat chain in the EU can only be achieved with an integrated meat safety assurance approach. This includes primary interventions at the level of the poultry farm, implementation of effective control measures at slaughterhouses, and fostering awareness campaigns aimed at consumers.
Relationship between papilla‐related variables and post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: A multicenter, prospective study
Authors: Wang Xiangping , Zhao Jianghai , Wang Limei , Ning Bo , Zeng Wei , Tao Qin , Ren Gui , Liang Shuhui , Luo Hui , Wang Biaoluo , Farrell James J. , Pan Yanglin , Guo Xuegang , Wu Kaichun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimPapilla with hooknose or long protruding shape may increase the difficulty of cannulation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). However, the relationship between papilla anatomy and complications of ERCP has not been fully understood. We aimed to investigate the effect of major duodenal papilla morphology on post‐ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) and the procedure of cannulation.MethodsPatients with native papilla who underwent ERCP were recruited to this multicenter study. Papilla‐related variables were collected, including the length of long axis (L), short axis (S) and opening width (OW), transverse fold, periampullary diverticulum (PAD), papilla location, orientation, swelling, and presence of duodenal stenosis. Demographic data and the procedure of cannulation were also prospectively evaluated. The primary outcome was PEP incidence. Multivariate analysis was used to identify high risk factors for PEP.ResultsSix hundred and fifty‐eight patients were enrolled. Overall PEP incidence was 4.7% (31/658). The papilla of patients complicated with PEP had higher long to short axis (L/S) ratio (odds ratio [OR] 3.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37–10.74, P = 0.010), higher long axis to opening width (L/OW) ratio (OR 1.35, 95%CI: 1.06–1.71, P = 0.014), more transverse folds (OR 2.53, 95%CI: 1.02–6.26, P = 0.044), and less periampullary diverticulum (OR 0.21, 95%CI: 0.06–0.70, P = 0.011). Multivariate analysis revealed that the indication of common bile duct stones, normal bilirubin, inadvertent pancreatic duct cannulation > 1, L/S ratio ≥ 1.5, and absence of PAD were independent risk factors for PEP.ConclusionBesides patient‐related and procedure‐related factors, papilla‐related variables, such as L/S ratio and PAD, can be considered as a third type of factors associated with PEP (Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT03550768).
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Levels in the Prediction of Progression of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Jiménez‐Balado Joan , Riba‐Llena Iolanda , Maisterra Olga , Pizarro Jesús , Palasí Antoni , Pujadas Francesc , Mundet Xavier , Vinyoles Ernest , Delgado Pilar 
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVESWe aimed to study the value of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in predicting the global progression of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD).DESIGNLongitudinal cohort study.SETTINGData from the population‐based Investigating Silent Strokes in Hypertensives study.PARTICIPANTSIndividuals with hypertension who were 50 to 70 years of age and stroke free at baseline. In baseline and follow‐up visits, patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging and ABPM.MEASUREMENTSAmbulatory systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels were studied as continuous variables and dichotomized according to good or poor control on the basis of 125/75 (24 hours), 130/80 (day), and 110/65 (night) mm Hg cutoff values. Whole cSVD progression was qualitatively scored with 1 point when an incident lesion (incident lacunar infarcts, deep cerebral microbleeds, white matter hyperintensities, and basal ganglia enlarged perivascular spaces) was detected. The score ranged from 0 to 4.RESULTSWe followed up 233 participants with a median age of 65 years within 4 years. A total of 61 (26.2%) and 23 (9.9%) subjects showed cSVD progression in one and two or more markers, respectively. Baseline ambulatory SBP and DBP and nighttime pulse pressure (PP) values were positively correlated with the number of incident cSVD lesions. Interestingly, patients without incident lesions showed greater differences between office and ambulatory BP, thus suggesting an increased white coat effect. Poor DBP control, nighttime PP, and DBP white coat effect were independently associated with cSVD progression. The inclusion of these metrics in a clinical model resulted in a significant increase in the prediction of incident lesions (integrated discrimination improvement = 9.09%; P value <.001).CONCLUSIONABPM may help assess cSVD risk of progression, especially by the identification of poor BP control, masked hypertension, and increased nighttime PP. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:2232–2239, 2020.