bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Critical Analysis of the WAQ: The Development of a Korean Form
Authors: Kang Sudol 
Published: September 2020

The current study aimed to develop a simplified version of the Korean Workaholism Scale (KOWS) by determining the reliability and validity of the Workaholism Analysis Questionnaire (WAQ) initially created by Aziz et al. The original scale of the WAQ was translated into Korean and then administered to 4,242 working people from a broad range of economic sectors. The nation-wide sample was a representative one from the 17th wave Korean Labor and Income Panel Study in 2014. The main body comprises two steps. First, through an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) as well as a reliability analysis, along with content validity examination among experts, thirteen items from the original WAQ were eliminated. The EFA yielded a four-factor solution with four items established in compulsive dependency (CD), four in illusion of control (IC), four in endurance of conflicts (EC), and four in withdrawal symptoms (WS). This process provided a succinct and convenient measure of workaholism, the KOWS with 16 items. The reliability coefficient (α) of the new scale was .90, and the split-half reliability coefficient was .72. Secondly, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed by way of structural equation modeling to validate the new construct. This KOWS showed adequate convergent validity (AVE > .5), construct reliability (CR > .7), as well as discriminant validity (AVE > ρ2). Between four subscales of the KOWS and affective commitment (AC) to organizations there proved meager correlation. In conclusion, the KOWS with 16-item psychometric properties is a valid and reliable tool to measure workaholism in South Korea.
Clinical value of 68Ga-DOTA-SSTR PET/CT in the diagnosis and detection of neuroendocrine tumors of unknown primary origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Huan , Kan Ying , Yang Ji-gang 
Published: September 2020

Background The ability of 68Ga-DOTA-SSTR to detect the primary sites of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) remains undetermined, and the clinical benefit of this imaging agent is not clear. Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 68Ga-DOTA-SSTR for carcinoma unknown primary (CUP) neuroendocrine tumors and to further analyze the detection rate of 68Ga-DOTA-SSTR for primary and metastatic sites. Material and Methods A comprehensive literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE and ScienceDirect was performed in October 2019 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We critically reviewed all studies based on the PICOS criteria. QUADAS-2 was used to evaluate the quality of the methodology of the included studies. Results A total of 10 studies (484 patients, mean age = 56.6 ± 4.3 years) were included in the study. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of 68Ga-DOTA-SSTR in identifying CUP-NETs were 82% and 55%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 69%. Regarding metastasis sites, 68Ga-DOTA-SSTR found the most metastases in the liver (57.9%), followed by the lymph nodes (22.8%), bones (12.8%), lung (2.8%), and others (1.7%). The pooled detection rate of 68Ga-DOTA-SSTR for CUP-NETs was 61%. Conclusion The present study demonstrated the high diagnostic sensitivity of 68Ga-DOTA-SSTR for CUP-NETs. 68Ga-DOTA-SSTR PET/CT was highly effective in locating the primary and metastatic sites of CUP-NETs.
Maintaining access to maternal fetal medicine care by telemedicine during a global pandemic
Authors: Shields Andrea D , Wagner Richard K , Knutzen Dana , Deering Shad , Nielsen Peter E 
Published: September 2020

Objective This study aims to compare a conventional medical treatment model with a telehealth platform for Maternal Fetal Medicine (MFM) outpatient care during the global novel coronavirus pandemic. Methods In this study, we described the process of converting our MFM clinic from a conventional medical treatment model to a telemedicine platform. We compared clinical productivity between the two models. Outcomes were analysed using standard statistical tests. Results We suffered three symptomatic COVID-19 infections among our clinical providers and staff prior to the conversion, compared with none after the conversion. We had a significant decrease in patient visits following the conversion (53.35 visits per day versus 40.3 visits per day, p < 0.0001). However, our average daily patient visits per full-time equivalent (FTE) were only marginally reduced (11.1 visit per FTE versus 7.6 visits per FTE, p < 0.0001), resulting in a relative decrease in adjusted work relative value units (6987 versus 5440). There was an increase in more basic follow-up ultrasound procedures, complexity (current procedural technology [CPT] code 76816 (10.7% versus 19.5%, relative risk [RR] 1.81, 95% CI 1.60–2.05, p < 0.0001)) over comprehensive follow-up ultrasound procedures, CPT code 76805 (17.2% versus 7.8%, RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.39–0.53, p < 0.0001) after conversion. Despite similar proportions of new consults, there was an increase in the proportion of follow-up visits and medical decision-making complexity evaluation and management CPT codes (e.g. 99214/99215) after the conversion (17.2% versus 24.6%, RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.26–163, p < 0.0001). There were no differences between amniocentesis procedures performed between the two time periods (0.3% versus 0.2%, p = 0.5805). Conclusion The rapid conversion of an MFM platform from convention medical treatment to telemedicine platform in response to the novel coronavirus pandemic resulted in protection of healthcare personnel and MFM patients, with only a modest decrease in clinical productivity during the initial roll-out. Due to the ongoing threat from the novel coronavirus-19, an MFM telemedicine platform is a practicable and innovative solution and merits the continued support of CMS and health care administrators.
Validation of a portable, remotely delivered refraction approach compared to standard in-clinic refraction in a low-vision population
Authors: Curtis Rachel , Hazari Hassan , Eden Karen , Hopman Wilma M , Irrcher Isabella , Bona Mark D 
Published: September 2020

Introduction A low-vision assessment (LVA) is critical in developing a vision rehabilitation plan. A remotely delivered LVA that replicates a standard in-clinic assessment may bridge the gap for patients not accessing care due to the limited quantity and distribution of low-vision providers. Within an LVA, an accurate and consistent assessment of refraction error is an essential component. No system has currently been validated for the purposes of a remote LVA. The purpose of this study was to validate a commercially available portable refraction approach in a low-vision population. Methods Low-vision patients ( n = 26) or normally sighted patients ( n = 25) underwent a refraction assessment using the Adaptica® 2WIN autorefractor, adaptor scope (Kaleidos) and VisionFit phoropter portable refraction devices, as well as a standard autorefractor (Huvitz) and phoropter (Haag-Streit). Refraction data between systems and populations were compared using intraclass correlations. Bland–Altman plots were used to assess the differences between devices. Results Spherical equivalent values were found to be reproducible between standard and experimental autorefraction devices (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) > 0.8) in both low-vision and normally sighted groups. Similarly, manifest refraction was highly consistent (ICC > 0.8) between devices in all groups. The Bland–Altman plots showed clinically acceptable mean differences of 0.701 between autorefraction methods and –0.116 between manifest refraction methods. Discussion The 2WIN/VisionFit system can reliably generate refraction values across a spectrum of errors in normally sighted and visually impaired people, and would be feasible to deliver remotely.
Virtual 2D angiography from four-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (4D-DSA): A feasibility study
Authors: Yu Jay F , Pung Leland , Minami Hataka , Mueller Kerstin , Khangura Rajkamal , Darflinger Robert , Hetts Steven W , Cooke Daniel L 
Published: September 2020

Background Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) remains the gold standard for angiographic evaluation of cerebrovascular pathology, however, multiple acquisitions requiring additional time and radiation are often needed. In contrast, 3D-DSA provides volumetric information from a single injection but neglects temporal information. Four-dimensional-DSA (4D-DSA) combines temporal information of 2D-DSA with volumetric information of 3D-DSA to provide time-resolved tomographic 3D reconstructions, potentially reducing procedure time and radiation. This work evaluates the diagnostic quality of virtual single-frame 4D-DSA relative to 2D-DSA images by assessing clinicians’ ability to evaluate cerebrovascular pathology. Methods Single-frame images of four projections from 4D-DSA and their corresponding 2D-DSA images (n = 15) were rated by two neurointerventional radiologists. Images were graded based on diagnostic quality (0 = non-diagnostic, 1 = poor, 2 = acceptable, 3 = good). Dose area product (DAP) for each case was recorded for all 2D-DSA, 4D-DSA acquisitions, and the overall procedure. Results The mean diagnostic quality of all four 4D-DSA projections from both raters was 1.75 while the mean of 2D-DSA projections was 2.8. Student’s t-test revealed significant difference in diagnostic quality between 4D-DSA and 2D-DSA at all four projections (p < 0.001). On average 4D-DSA acquisitions accounted for 30% dose compared to the overall average aggregated dose per procedure. Conclusions The difference in image quality between virtual single-frame 4D-DSA and their respective 2D-DSA images is statistically significant. Furthermore, 4D-DSA acquisitions require less radiation dose than conventional procedures with 2D-DSA acquisitions.
Hiding in plain sight: Diagnosing pleural tuberculosis using lung ultrasound
Authors: Ahmed Wan Aireene Wan , Rahim Mohd Jazman Che , Mohammad Nurashikin , Fauzi Mohd Hashairi , Wahab Shaik Farid Abdull 
Published: September 2020

Introduction Diagnosing pleural tuberculosis can be difficult in patients with ambiguous presentation, especially in resource-limited health centres. Thus, lung ultrasound had been studied as a novel method in helping clinicians to diagnose this condition. Case presentation A 48-year-old woman presented with worsening dyspnoea and orthopnoea for one week. She had also experienced weight loss, minimal dry cough and right-sided pleuritic chest pain for several weeks. A chest radiograph showed a right lower zone pleural effusion with no apparent lung consolidation. Lung ultrasound showed a right apical consolidation and right lower zone septated pleural effusion. Pleural fluid investigations showed exudative features of mixed lymphocytic, mesothelial and neutrophilic cellular components. Tuberculin skin test was strongly positive. She was subsequently treated for pleural tuberculosis. One month after treatment, her symptoms had improved considerably. Discussion Lung ultrasound has been found to be more effective than chest radiograph in detecting consolidation and diagnosing pneumonia. The portability and efficacy of today’s ultrasound machines, including the handheld types, show that lung ultrasound is a practical, reliable and valuable diagnostic tool in managing pulmonary conditions including tuberculosis, provided that the operators are adequately trained. Conclusion Lung ultrasound in tuberculosis is the next frontier for clinicians and researchers.
Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients with endophthalmitis using conventional microbiologic techniques and whole genome sequencing
Authors: Sengillo Jesse D. , Duker Jacob , Hernandez Maribel , Maestre Jorge , Reyes-Capo Daniela , Patel Annika , Watane Arjun , Patel Nimesh A. , Yannuzzi Nicolas A. , Miller Darlene , Flynn Harry W. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To demonstrate antibiotic susceptibility and genomic virulence factor profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients with culture-confirmed endophthalmitis.

Methods
Clinical isolates from patients diagnosed with pseudomonas endophthalmitis were included. Laboratory antibiotic susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing was performed on all isolates.

Results
In the current study, 8 patients had vitreous culture-confirmed endophthalmitis due to P. aeruginosa. All isolates were multi-drug resistant but sensitive to ceftazidime and each fluoroquinolone tested. Whole genome sequencing revealed a total of 179 unique genes. The most common type of virulence genes included those involved in adherence and the secretion system. Seven of 8 (88%) isolates were of the cytoinvasive phenotype (exoST) and no isolates contained exoU.

Conclusions
P. aeruginosa associated endophthalmitis is often multi-drug resistant and demonstrates a variety of virulence factors with those involved in adherence and the secretion system being the most common.
Interrelation between defensive mechanisms and coping strategies in psychiatry trainees in Romania: a multicenter study
Authors: Panfil Anca-Livia , Frandes Mirela , Nirestean Aurel , Hurmuz Marinela , Lungeanu Diana , Cristanovici Madalina , Lemeti Laura , Isac Andra , Papava Ion , Bredicean Cristina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe challenges faced by professionals when working in the field of psychiatry require the development of adequate defensive and coping mechanisms. This study aimed to explore both coping strategies and defense mechanisms and their relationship in psychiatry trainees in Romania.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to determine and evaluate both defensive and coping mechanisms of Romanian psychiatry trainees. Defensive Style Questionnaire-60 and COPE scale were applied to psychiatry trainees from five training centers in Romania. By applying structural equation modeling, models that presumed the existence of relationships between coping strategies and defensive mechanisms were analyzed.ResultsSuperior defense mechanisms and task-oriented coping strategies were the commonly used approaches by psychiatry trainees. Furthermore, significantly consistent correlations (ranging from 0.2 to 0.5) between adaptive defense mechanisms and coping strategies focused on the problem or emotion were shown. Similarly, avoidant coping strategies correlated with non-adaptive defense mechanisms (correlations between 0.3 and 0.5). Our model presented good fit indices (X2(34) = 64.324,p < 0.001; GFI = 0.93; root mean square error = 0.08). Moreover, the results indicated a weak association between the two types of adaptive processes (r = 0.07,p < 0.001).ConclusionPsychiatry trainees present a profile based on two independent groups of adaptation processes, namely, adaptive defenses and problem-oriented coping scales and non-adaptive defenses and avoidant coping scales.
Tortuous vertebral artery triggering vertebral foramen expansion and radiculopathy in a 19-year-old patient: a case report
Authors: Naldemir Ibrahim F. , Unlu Elif Nisa , Onbas Omer 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundArterial tortuosity is a widespread condition commonly occurring in cerebral arteries and often associated with the elderly. Moderate arterial tortuosity is often not symptomatic, but if there is severe tortuosity, various symptoms may occur, depending on the localization. In the literature, many factors have been reported as causing tortuosity in the vertebral arteries. In this case report, considering the age of our patient, we propose that, in addition to these previously reported reasons, congenital factors may also contribute to this situation.Case presentationWe present a case of a 19-year-old Turkish patient with a tortuous vertebral artery causing pain and tingling in the right shoulder and neck. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed vertebral foramen enlargement thought to be secondary to a loop formation in the vertebral artery. The diagnosis was confirmed by magnetic resonance angiography.ConclusionsThere are many causes of cervical radiculopathy. Arterial tortuosity, a rare cause of radiculopathy, should be considered as a differential diagnosis. Consideration of the existence of this variation is of great importance in preventing possible dangerous complications during surgery.
“We are the stakeholders with the most at stake”: scientific and autism community co-researchers reflect on their collaborative experience in the CONNECT project
Authors: Jose Caroline , George-Zwicker Patricia , Tardif Louise , Bouma Aaron , Pugsley Darlene , Pugsley Luke , Bélanger Mathieu , Gaudet Jeffrey , Robichaud Marc 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundLittle research describes the everyday challenges and needs of autistic adults. In order to fill this data gap, the CONtiNuity of carE and support for autistiC adulTs (CONNECT) project set out to learn about the health and well-being of autistic adults as well as their service and support needs. To do so, CONNECT welcomed autistic adults and caregivers of autistic adults as members of the research team, alongside researchers, policy-makers, service providers and health professionals. Autistic adults were involved in every stage of the research project and participated in team meetings held several times a year as well as in numerous email exchanges.MethodsTwo feedback questionnaires were designed for this study: one for the scientific co-researchers and one for the autism community co-researchers (the project’s “patient partners”). Although the surveys varied from one another, they probed respondents to provide critical and constructive comments on issues that were central to their engagement in CONNECT. Four scientific co-researchers and four autism community co-researchers filled out the questionnaires. A comparative analysis was carried out on the responses provided to the open- and closed-ended survey questions as well as on complimentary data collected from the team’s documents.ResultsCONNECT was seen as a positive experience for both groups. Highlights included: helping tailor and design research and its relevant materials to better suit the needs of the autistic community; establishing relationships and creating long-lasting friendships with other autistic adults; gaining a better understanding of the research process; and forging new connections with regional, national and international stakeholders. Areas for improvement include: establishing clear roles, responsibilities and expectations from the start; outlining a strategy to address unforeseen changes in project leadership; and creating a platform allowing for the involvement and participation of a more representative sample of adults on the autism spectrum.ConclusionsWhile not without its challenges, CONNECT demonstrates that a collaborative multi-stakeholder approach engaging autistic adults can be an effective model for conducting research on adult autism. Autistic adults and their caregivers can make the research process more open and accessible and make its outputs more relevant, useful and meaningful to the wider autistic adult community.
The role of inflammation in epileptogenesis
Authors: Meng Fanwei , Yao Lifen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEpilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that has an extensive impact on a patient’s life. Accumulating evidence has suggested that inflammation participates in the progression of spontaneous and recurrent seizures. Pro-convulsant incidences can stimulate immune cells, augment the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, elicit neuronal excitation as well as blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, and finally trigger the generation or recurrence of seizures. Understanding the pathogenic roles of inflammatory mediators, including inflammatory cytokines, cells, and BBB, in epileptogenesis will be beneficial for the treatment of epilepsy. In this systematic review, we performed a literature search on the PubMed database using the following keywords: “epilepsy” or “seizures” or “epileptogenesis”, and “immunity” or “inflammation” or “neuroinflammation” or “damage-associated molecular patterns” or “cytokines” or “chemokines” or “adhesion molecules” or “microglia” or “astrocyte” or “blood-brain barrier”. We summarized the classic inflammatory mediators and their pathogenic effects in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, based on the most recent findings from both human and animal model studies.
Application of two charge transfer complex formation reactions for selective determination of metformin hydrochloride in pharmaceuticals and urine
Authors: Rajendraprasad Nagaraju , Basavaiah Kanakapura 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMetformin hydrochloride (MFH) is a biguanide class anti-diabetic drug used to treat type-2 diabetes mellitus. Its reaction with two charge-transfer complexing agents,p-chloranilic acid (PCA) and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) in acetonitrile medium to yield coloured products measurable at wavelengths of maxima 530.0 and 460.0 nm, respectively, was conveniently used to develop two spectrophotometric methods for analyses of bulk sample and tablets.ResultsThe effect of solvent, reagent concentration and reaction time to form charge-transfer (CT) complexes was meticulously studied and optimized. Under optimised conditions, the absorbance at the respective wavelength of maximum versus concentration of MFH was in linear correlation for the range from 8.0 to 320.0 and from 1.6 to 64.0 μg mL-1in PCA and DDQ methods, respectively, and correspondingly, the values of molar absorptivity of 0.733 × 103and 0.257 × 104L mol-1 cm-1and Sandell sensitivity of 0.3620 and 0.0644 μg cm-2. The quantification (QL) and detection (DL) limits were 2.67 and 0.88 μg mL-1for PCA method, and 0.33 and 0.11 μg mL-1for DDQ method.ConclusionThe new methods were emerged as repeatable and reproducible, with replicate measurements for intra- and inter-day variations as showed by obtained RSD values of < 2%. Within a day and between day relative errors were ≤ 2.18%. Methods were also validated for robustness, ruggedness and selectivity and agreeing results were produced. The methods were used to analyse MFH-containing tablets very accurately and precisely as reflected by the mean recovery value close to 100% and lower RSD values, respectively. Analysis of spiked human urine yielded excellent mean recoveries, indicating the absence of interference from endogenous substances.
How student paramedics navigate a changing UK healthcare landscape
Authors: Lees Carolyn , Hutchison Trudy , White Alison , Lotto Robyn 
Published: September 2020

Background: Paramedics have witnessed a huge shift in their role as providers of prehospital emergency care, although little is known about how student paramedics manage the competing demands they face in practice. Aim: To explore how student paramedics experience the changing healthcare landscape. Method: Semi-structured, focus groups and thematic content analysis was adopted. A purposive sample of student paramedics at different stages of their diploma preparatory training were invited to participate in focus group interviews. Findings: Participants considered that other services and the public perceived the purpose of emergency paramedics as largely a traditional one, as a service to transport patients to hospital. This appears to influence how they manage complex clinical situations. Student paramedics' clinical decision-making is frequently influenced by the emotional environments in which they work, combined with difficult communication with patients and a lack of support from the various professional groups involved in patient care. Conclusion: This study has highlighted the complexity of situations that student paramedics find themselves in while making decisions, which has important implications for paramedic educators and those supporting them in practice.