bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal dynamics of sexual dimorphism in a dioecious species
Authors: Moquet L , Lateur L , Jacquemart A-L , De Cauwer I , Dufay M 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsSexual dimorphism for floral traits is common in dioecious plant species. Beyond its significance for understanding how selection acts on plant traits through male vs. female reproductive function, sexual dimorphism has also been proposed as a possible risky characteristic for insect-pollinated plants, as it could drive pollinators to forage mostly on male plants. However, even though most flowering plant species spread their flowering across several weeks or months, the temporal variation of floral phenotypes and sexual dimorphism have rarely been investigated.MethodsWe performed a survey of male and female plants from the dioecious generalist-pollinated Silene dioica (Caryophyllaceae) in a common garden experiment, over two consecutive flowering seasons. Flower number and floral size were measured each week, as well as pollen quantity and viability in male plants.Key ResultsSexual dimorphism was found for all investigated floral traits, with males showing an overall higher investment in flower production and flower size. Males and females showed a similar temporal decline in flower size. The temporal dynamics of daily flower number differed between sexes, with males showing a peak in the middle of their flowering season, whereas flower production by females was quite stable over time. At the scale of the experimental population, both individual and floral sex ratios appeared to vary across the flowering season. Moreover, because the onset of flowering varied among plants, the magnitude of sexual dimorphism in floral size also fluctuated strongly through time.ConclusionsCapturing male/female differences with only one temporal measurement per population may not be informative. This opens stimulating questions about how pollinator behaviour and resulting pollination efficiency may vary across the flowering season.
Synchronization of senescence and desynchronization of flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Miryeganeh Matin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn a recent publication, we proposed that adjusting lifespan in order to synchronize senescence is important for timing of reproduction, and we quantified the synchrony of reproductive timing relative to germination timing. Here, in a second sequential seeding experiment (SSE), the germination timing of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions was manipulated and plants were then grown under two different temperature regimes. Life stage traits of plants in each temperature regime were analysed and it was evaluated whether the cohorts were grouped according to age and/or environmental conditions. While flowering-related traits showed desynchrony among cohorts, striking synchrony in the timing of senescence among cohorts for each group was found. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using a genotyped population of ‘Cvi/Ler’ recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was then conducted. Novel and known loci were assigned to flowering and senescence timing. However, senescence synchrony resulted in low variation in senescence time and weak QTL detection for flowering termination. Overlapping flowering and senescence genes with loci affecting either of those traits were found and suggest a potential interdependency of reproductive traits.
E2F5 promotes prostate cancer cell migration and invasion through regulation of TFPI2, MMP-2 and MMP-9
Authors: Karmakar Deepmala , Maity Jyotirindra , Mondal Payel , Shyam Chowdhury Puskar , Sikdar Nilabja , Karmakar Parimal , Das Chandrima , Sengupta Sanghamitra 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Previously, our laboratory demonstrated that a deregulated E2F5/p38/SMAD3 axis was associated with uncontrolled cellular proliferation in prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we investigate the role of E2F5 in PCa in further details. RNAi-mediated E2F5 knockdown and pathway-focused gene expression profiling in PC3 cells identified TFPI2 as a downstream target of E2F5. Manipulation of E2F5 expression was also found to alter MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels as detected by Proteome Profiler array, western blot and reverse transcription coupled quantitative polymerase chain reaction Site-directed mutagenesis, dual-luciferase assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation with anti-E2F5-IgG coupled with qPCR confirmed recruitment of E2F5 on TFPI2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 promoters. RNAi-mediated knockdown of E2F5 expression in PC3 caused a significant alteration of cell migration while that of TFFI2 resulted in a modest change. Abrogation of E2F5 and TFPI2 expression was associated with significant changes in the gelatinolytic activity of active forms of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Moreover, E2F5, MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were elevated in biopsies of PCa patients relative to that of benign hyperplasia, while TFPI2 expression was reduced. MMP-9 was coimmunoprecipitated with anti-TFPI2-IgG in PCa tissue samples suggesting a direct interaction between the proteins. Finally, artemisinin treatment in PC3 cells repressed E2F5 along with MMP-2/MMP-9 while triggering TFPI2 expression which alleviated PC3 aggressiveness possibly through inhibition of MMP activities. Together, our study reinstates an oncogenic role of E2F5 which operates as a dual-function transcription factor for its targets TFPI2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 and promotes cellular invasiveness. This study also indicates a therapeutic potential of artemisinin, a natural compound which acts by correcting dysfunctional E2F5/TFPI2/MMP axis in PCa.
Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Clinical SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Bacterial or Viral Superinfection and Colonization
Authors: Peddu Vikas , Shean Ryan C , Xie Hong , Shrestha Lasata , Perchetti Garrett A , Minot Samuel S , Roychoudhury Pavitra , Huang Meei-Li , Nalla Arun , Reddy Shriya B , Phung Quynh , Reinhardt Adam , Jerome Keith R , Greninger Alexander L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
More than 2 months separated the initial description of SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of its widespread dissemination in the United States. Despite this lengthy interval, implementation of specific quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR-based SARS-CoV-2 tests in the US has been slow, and testing is still not widely available. Metagenomic sequencing offers the promise of unbiased detection of emerging pathogens, without requiring prior knowledge of the identity of the responsible agent or its genomic sequence.

Methods
To evaluate metagenomic approaches in the context of the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, laboratory-confirmed positive and negative samples from Seattle, WA were evaluated by metagenomic sequencing, with comparison to a 2019 reference genomic database created before the emergence of SARS-CoV-2.

Results
Within 36 h our results showed clear identification of a novel human Betacoronavirus, closely related to known Betacoronaviruses of bats, in laboratory-proven cases of SARS-CoV-2. A subset of samples also showed superinfection or colonization with human parainfluenza virus 3 or Moraxella species, highlighting the need to test directly for SARS-CoV-2 as opposed to ruling out an infection using a viral respiratory panel. Samples negative for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR were also negative by metagenomic analysis, and positive for Rhinovirus A and C. Unlike targeted SARS-CoV-2 qRT-PCR testing, metagenomic analysis of these SARS-CoV-2 negative samples identified candidate etiological agents for the patients’ respiratory symptoms.

Conclusion
Taken together, these results demonstrate the value of metagenomic analysis in the monitoring and response to this and future viral pandemics.
An evaluation of the long-term patency of the aortocoronary bypass graft anastomosed to a vascular prosthesis
Authors: Kawamura Ai , Yoshioka Daisuke , Toda Koichi , Sakaniwa Ryoto , Miyagawa Shigeru , Yoshikawa Yasushi , Hata Hiroki , Shimamura Kazuo , Kin Keiwa , Kainuma Satoshi , Kawamura Takuji , Masada Kenta , Sakaki Masayuki , Monta Osamu , Kuratani Toru , Sawa Yoshiki ,   Osaka Cardiovascular Surgery Research Group (OSCAR)
Published: May 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Although concomitant surgery for coronary artery disease (CAD) and thoracic aortic aneurysm is performed often, the long-term patency of the coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) anastomosed to a vascular prosthesis has not been fully investigated. Here, we explored the long-term patency of the graft in comparison with the proximal anastomosis site on the native ascending aorta or vascular prosthesis.

METHODS
A total of 84 patients with concomitant CABG who underwent surgery for thoracic aortic aneurysm at 3 Osaka Cardiovascular Research Group institutes were retrospectively investigated for this study. The patency of 109 aortocoronary bypasses using saphenous vein grafts was evaluated with computed tomography angiography or coronary angiography, comparing the grafts anastomosed on the vascular prosthesis (group P, n = 75) to those anastomosed on the native ascending aorta (group N, n = 34).

RESULTS
During 45.9 ± 39.7 months follow-up, significantly worse patency of the grafts in group P was revealed when compared with those in group N (100% vs 77.6% in 12 months, 100% vs 52.7% in 36 months and 100% vs 31.6% in 57 months, log rank P &lt; 0.001). The poor patency of the grafts was confirmed in each target lesions (left anterior descending artery: P = 0.050, right coronary artery: P = 0.045, left circumflex artery: P = 0.051) and regardless of the severities of the target coronary vessels (severe stenosis: P = 0.013, mild-to-moderate stenosis: P = 0.029). Furthermore, an analysis of graft occlusion risk factors using the univariate Cox proportional hazards model revealed that the proximal anastomosis site on the vascular prosthesis was the sole risk factor for graft occlusion (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
In the simultaneous surgery for CAD and thoracic aortic aneurysm, CABG design from vascular prosthesis to coronary artery should be avoided if possible, although further studies are warranted.
A method to fuse multiphysics waveforms and improve predictive explosion detection: theory, experiment and performance
Authors: Carmichael Joshua , Nemzek Robert , Symons Neill , Begnaud Mike 
Published: May 2020

SUMMARYNatural and human-made sources of transient energy often emit multiple geophysical signatures that include mechanical and electromagnetic waveforms. We present a constructive method to fuse and evaluate statistics that we derive from such multiphysics waveforms that improves our capability to detect small, near-ground explosions over similar methods that consume single signature waveforms. Our method advances Fisher's Combined Probability Test (Fisher's Method) to operate under both hypotheses of a binary test on noisy data and provide researchers with the density functions required to forecast the ability of Fisher's Method to screen fused explosion signatures from noise. We apply this method against 12 d, multisignature explosion and noise records to show (1) that a fused multiphysics waveform statistic that combines radio, acoustic and seismic waveform data can identify explosions roughly 0.8 magnitude units lower than an acoustic emission, STA/LTA detector for the same detection probability and (2) that we can quantitatively predict how this fused, multiphysics statistic performs with Fisher's Method. Our work thereby offers a baseline method for predictive waveform fusion that supports multiphenomenological explosion monitoring (multiPEM) and is applicable to any binary testing problem in observational geophysics.
Are specific elements of electronic health record use associated with clinician burnout more than others?
Authors: Hilliard Ross W , Haskell Jacqueline , Gardner Rebekah L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective
The study sought to examine the association between clinician burnout and measures of electronic health record (EHR) workload and efficiency, using vendor-derived EHR action log data.

Materials and Methods
We combined data from a statewide clinician survey on burnout with Epic EHR data from the ambulatory sites of 2 large health systems; the combined dataset included 422 clinicians. We examined whether specific EHR workload and efficiency measures were independently associated with burnout symptoms, using multivariable logistic regression and controlling for clinician characteristics.

Results
Clinicians with the highest volume of patient call messages had almost 4 times the odds of burnout compared with clinicians with the fewest (adjusted odds ratio, 3.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.44-10.14; P = .007). No other workload measures were significantly associated with burnout. No efficiency variables were significantly associated with burnout in the main analysis; however, in a subset of clinicians for whom note entry data were available, clinicians in the top quartile of copy and paste use were significantly less likely to report burnout, with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.22 (95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.93; P = .039).

Discussion
High volumes of patient call messages were significantly associated with clinician burnout, even when accounting for other measures of workload and efficiency. In the EHR, “patient calls” encompass many of the inbox tasks occurring outside of face-to-face visits and likely represent an important target for improving clinician well-being.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that increased workload is associated with burnout and that EHR efficiency tools are not likely to reduce burnout symptoms, with the exception of copy and paste.
ECCC Appeals
Authors: Vasiliev Sergey 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The appellate stage of the proceedings before the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) has received more limited attention than its pre-trial and trial process. In order to partially remedy this gap, this article highlights the unique features of the ECCC appellate system and how the Supreme Court Chamber (SCC) has given them effect in practice. Firstly, I consider the SCC’s restricted jurisdiction over immediate appeals and failed attempts by its judges to extend such appeals to jurisdictional questions. Secondly, I discuss the scope and powers of appellate review by the SCC in respect of alleged errors of law and fact, focusing on its innovative formulation of the standard of review of factual errors. This qualified deference standard has proven to be of broader import as it has informed the International Criminal Court Appeals Chamber's majority approach in the Bemba case. Thirdly, I focus on the SCC’s intervention in one area, namely the ECCC’s personal jurisdiction, and its reading of the ‘most responsible’ parameter as a non-jurisdictional and judicially unreviewable criterion. Taking cues from these landmark decisions, I appraise the SCC’s role in delivering fair and expeditious justice and securing the viability of the ECCC’s mission while acknowledging the more contentious aspects of its track record without which no account of its emerging legacy would be complete or balanced.
Accuracy and Efficiency of Deep-Learning–Based Automation of Dual Stain Cytology in Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Wentzensen Nicolas , Lahrmann Bernd , Clarke Megan A , Kinney Walter , Tokugawa Diane , Poitras Nancy , Locke Alex , Bartels Liam , Krauthoff Alexandra , Walker Joan , Zuna Rosemary , Grewal Kiranjit K , Goldhoff Patricia E , Kingery Julie D , Castle Philip E , Schiffman Mark , Lorey Thomas S , Grabe Niels 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith the advent of primary human papillomavirus testing followed by cytology for cervical cancer screening, visual interpretation of cytology slides remains the last subjective analysis step and suffers from low sensitivity and reproducibility.MethodsWe developed a cloud-based whole-slide imaging platform with a deep-learning classifier for p16/Ki-67 dual-stained (DS) slides trained on biopsy-based gold standards. We compared it with conventional Pap and manual DS in 3 epidemiological studies of cervical and anal precancers from Kaiser Permanente Northern California and the University of Oklahoma comprising 4253 patients. All statistical tests were 2-sided.ResultsIn independent validation at Kaiser Permanente Northern California, artificial intelligence (AI)-based DS had lower positivity than cytology (P &lt; .001) and manual DS (P &lt; .001) with equal sensitivity and substantially higher specificity compared with both Pap (P &lt; .001) and manual DS (P &lt; .001), respectively. Compared with Pap, AI-based DS reduced referral to colposcopy by one-third (41.9% vs 60.1%, P &lt; .001). At a higher cutoff, AI-based DS had similar performance to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions cytology, indicating a risk high enough to allow for immediate treatment. The classifier was robust, showing comparable performance in 2 cytology systems and in anal cytology.ConclusionsAutomated DS evaluation removes the remaining subjective component from cervical cancer screening and delivers consistent quality for providers and patients. Moving from Pap to automated DS substantially reduces the number of colposcopies and also achieves excellent performance in a simulated fully vaccinated population. Through cloud-based implementation, this approach is globally accessible. Our results demonstrate that AI not only provides automation and objectivity but also delivers a substantial benefit for women by reduction of unnecessary colposcopies.
Less Fragmented Than We Thought? Toward Clarification of a Subdisciplinary Linkage in Communication Science, 2010–2019
Authors: Song Hyunjin , Eberl Jakob-Moritz , Eisele Olga 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
With the explosive growth in research topics, communication science is said to be more fragmented and hyper-specialized than ever before, producing an increasing number of small, niche research topics that lack intellectual coherence as a whole. While such issues have been a central concern for the field, there has been a relative lack of systematic effort to map the topical interconnections among different communication science subfields, answering the question of how they remain empirically fragmented. Using full-texts of scholarly articles published in the top 20 communication science journals from 2010 to 2019, we provide systematic evidence to such claims in terms of their actual contents and their connectivity patterns. Drawing on extant works concerning the sociology of science and structures of scientific knowledge, as well as on topic modeling and simulation-based inferences on network topological features, we find that subdisciplinary linkage in communication is more frequent than we often think.
Cosmic evolution of molecular gas mass density from an empirical relationship between L1.4 GHz and L′CO
Authors: Orellana-González G , Ibar E , Leiton R , Thomson A P , Cheng C , Ivison R J , Herrera-Camus R , Messias H , Calderón-Castillo P , Hughes T M , Leeuw L 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Historically, GHz radio emission has been used extensively to characterize the star-formation activity in galaxies. In this work, we look for empirical relationships amongst the radio luminosity, the infrared luminosity, and the CO-based molecular gas mass. We assemble a sample of 278 nearby galaxies with measurements of radio continuum and total infrared emission, and the 12CO J = 1–0 emission line. We find a correlation between the radio continuum and the CO emission line (with a scatter of 0.36 dex), in a large sample of different kinds of galaxies. Making use of this correlation, we explore the evolution of the molecular gas mass function and the cosmological molecular gas mass density in six redshift bins up to z = 1.5. These results agree with previous semi-analytic predictions and direct measurements: the cosmic molecular gas density increases up to z = 1.5. In addition, we find a single plane across five orders of magnitude for the explored luminosities, with a scatter of 0.27 dex. These correlations are sufficiently robust to be used for samples where no CO measurements exist.
Evidence for coupling of evolved star atmospheres and spiral arms of the Milky Way
Authors: Gorski Mark D , Barmby Pauline 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
It is imperative to map the strength and distribution of feedback in galaxies to understand how feedback affects galactic ecosystems. H2O masers act as indicators of energy injection into the interstellar medium. Our goal is to measure the strength and distribution of feedback traced by water masers in the Milky Way. We identify optical counterparts to H2O masers discovered by the HOPS survey. The distribution and luminosities of H2O masers in the Milky Way are determined using parallax measurements derived from the second Gaia Data Release. We provide evidence of a correlation between evolved stars, as traced by H2O masers, and the spiral structure of the Milky Way, suggesting a link between evolved stars and the Galactic environment.
8 in 10 Stars in the Milky Way Bulge experience stellar encounters within 1000 AU in a gigayear
Authors: McTier Moiya A S , Kipping David M , Johnston Kathryn 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
The Galactic bulge is a tumultuous dense region of space, packed with stars separated by far smaller distances than those in the Solar neighbourhood. A quantification of the frequency and proximity of close stellar encounters in this environment dictates the exchange of material, disruption of planetary orbits, and threat of sterilizing energetic events. We present estimated encounter rates for stars in the Milky Way bulge found using a combination of numerical and analytical methods. By integrating the orbits of bulge stars with varying orbital energy and angular momentum to find their positions over time, we were able to estimate how many close stellar encounters the stars should experience as a function of orbit shape. We determined that ∼80 per cent of bulge stars have encounters within 1000 AU and that half of bulge stars will have &gt;35 such encounters, both over a gigayear. Our work has interesting implications for the long-term survivability of planets in the Galactic bulge.
The binary evolution of SAX J1808.4−3658: implications of an evolved donor star
Authors: Goodwin A J , Woods T E 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Observations of the accretion powered millisecond pulsar SAX J1808.4−3658 have revealed an interesting binary evolution, with the orbit of the system expanding at an accelerated rate. We use the recent finding that the accreted fuel in SAX J1808.4−3658 is hydrogen depleted to greatly refine models of the progenitor and prior evolution of the binary system. We constrain the initial mass of the companion star to 1.0–1.2 M⊙, more massive than previous evolutionary studies of this system have assumed. We also infer the system must have undergone strongly non-conservative mass transfer in order to explain the observed orbital period changes. We include mass loss due to the pulsar radiation pressure on the donor star, inducing an evaporative wind which is ejected at the inner Lagrangian point of the binary system. The resulting additional loss of angular momentum resolves the discrepancy between conservative mass transfer models and the observed orbital period derivative of this system. We also include a treatment of donor irradiation due to the accretion luminosity, and find this has a non-negligible effect on the evolution of the system.