bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Puerarin Alone and in Pueraria mirifica Extract in Female Cynomolgus Monkeys
Authors: Namken Sureerat , Songvut Phanit , Nuengchamnong Nitra , Kemthong Taratorn , Khemawoot Phisit , Malaivijitnond Suchinda 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Pueraria mirifica is an endemic Thai plant that has been used for rejuvenation and in the relief of various aging diseases. Puerarin is one of the major isoflavones found in this plant and shows several pharmacological activities in relation to the Thai traditional use of P. mirifica. Therefore, comparative pharmacokinetics of pure puerarin alone and that in a P. mirifica extract in cynomolgus monkeys were conducted in order to investigate the pharmacokinetic profiles of the 2 preparations. To this end, puerarin and P. mirifica extract, at an equivalent dose of 10 mg/kg of puerarin, were orally dosed to adult female monkeys for 7 consecutive days. A single intravenous injection of puerarin at a dose of 1 mg/kg was also peformed. Serial blood samples and excreta were collected from 0 – 24 h and 0 – 48 h after dosing. Determination of the puerarin levels and its metabolites in biological samples was conducted by liquid chromatography tandem mass
spectrometry. Plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and creatinine fluctuated in the normal range, with no abnormal physical signs in the animal. The absolute oral bioavailability of puerarin was approximately 1% in both preparations. Accumulation of puerarin was found after oral dosing for 7 consecutive days in both groups. Major metabolites of puerarin found in monkeys were hydroxylation and deglycosylation products. A negligible amount of unchanged puerarin was detected in urine and feces. Pharmacokinetic profiles obtained from this study could help to design the prescribed remedy of puerarin and P. mirifica extract phytopharmaceutical products for human use.
Decarbonylative Synthesis of Aryl Nitriles from Aromatic Esters and Organocyanides by a Nickel Catalyst
Authors: Yamaguchi Junichiro , Iizumi Keiichiro , Kurosawa Miki B. , Isshiki Ryota , Muto Kei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA decarbonylative cyanation of aromatic esters with aminoacetonitriles in the presence of a nickel catalyst was developed. The key to this reaction was the use of a thiophene-based diphosphine ligand, dcypt, permitting the synthesis of aryl nitrile without the generation of stoichiometric metal- or halogen-containing chemical wastes. A wide range of aromatic esters, including hetarenes and pharmaceutical molecules, can be converted into aryl nitriles.
Trapping of Transient Thienyllithiums Generated by Deprotonation of 2,3- or 2,5-Dibromothiophene in a Flow Microreactor
Authors: Okano Kentaro , Yamane Yoshiki , Nagaki Aiichiro , Mori Atsunori 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSelective trapping of (4,5-dibromo-2-thienyl)lithium, known to undergo halogen dance, was achieved in a flow microreactor. This transient thienyllithium, generated by mixing 2,3-dibromothiophene and lithium diisopropylamide at –78 °C for 1.6 seconds, reacted with benzaldehyde. The reaction system is also applicable to other carbonyl compounds to afford the corresponding adducts in good yields. Moreover, the established conditions permit the conversion of 2,5-dibromothiophene into a mixture of the two constitutional isomers. The contrasting results are discussed on the basis of the reaction pathway.
Mudando os conceitos para o diagnóstico da Síndrome do Túnel do Carpo em atletas do halterofilismo do esporte adaptado
Authors: Meirelles Lia Miyamoto , Fernandes Carlos Henrique , Ejnisman Benno , Cohen Moises , dos Santos João Baptista Gomes , Faloppa Flavio 
Published: October 2020

Resumo
Objetivo Examinar a prevalência da síndrome do túnel do carpo em atletas do halterofilismo do esporte adaptado.
Métodos Este estudo avaliou a presença e a intensidade da dor (escala numérica), a parestesia noturna (autorrelato), e a compressão nervosa (sinais de Tinel e de Phalen) em atletas do halterofilismo do esporte adaptado em cadeira de rodas e sem cadeira de rodas. O diagnóstico clínico da síndrome do túnel do carpo foi confirmado pela presença de dois ou mais sinais/sintomas.
Resultados Vinte e nove atletas de halterofilismo de esporte adaptado foram avaliados. Nenhum dos atletas relatou a presença de dor ou parestesia noturna. O sinal de Tinel estava presente em 1 (3,45%) atleta de cadeira de rodas. O teste de Phalen positivo estava presente em 3 (10,35%) atletas (1 em cadeira de rodas e 2 sem cadeira de rodas). Testes positivos de sinais de Tinel e de Phalen foram encontrados concomitantemente em 2 (6,89%) atletas (1 em cadeira de rodas e 1 sem cadeira de rodas).
Conclusão A síndrome do túnel do carpo foi diagnosticada clinicamente em 2 (6,89%) dos 29 atletas com deficiência física.
Tympanic Membrane Retractions in patients with Williams Syndrome: A Controlled Study
Authors: Oliveira Marcelo Wierzynski , Lavinsky Joel , Valerio Marcel Machado , Felix Temis Maria , Lavinsky Luiz 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction The role of elastin in tympanic retractions and chronic otitis media is not well established. Williams Syndrome (WS), a pathology related to a mutation in the elastin gene, could generate tympanic retractions.
Objective To compare the prevalence of tympanic retractions among patients with WS and controls.
Methods WS patients (n = 43 ears) and controls (n = 130 ears) were evaluated by digital otoscopic examination and the degree of tympanic membrane retraction was classified by 2 blinded experienced otolaryngologists.
Results The agreement rate between the evaluators was 71.1% for pars tensa and 65% for pars flaccida retraction (p < 0.001). The pars tensa and pars flaccida retractions are present in patients with WS after an adjusted residue of respectively - 2.8 and - 2.6 (p = 0.011 and p = 0.022) compared with controls.
Conclusions Tympanic membrane retractions are not more common in the WS group when compared with controls.
Decreased Incidence of CSF Leaks after Skull Base Fractures in the 21st Century: An Institutional Report
Authors: Stopa Brittany M. , Leyva Oscar A. , Harper Cierra N. , Truman Kyla A. , Corrales C. Eduardo , Smith Timothy R. , Gormley William B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are a possible complication in patients with skull base fractures (SBFs). The widely cited incidence of CSF leaks is 10 to 30% in SBF patients; however, this estimate is based only on a few outdated studies. A recent report found CSF leaks in <2% SBF patients, suggesting the incidence may be lower now. To investigate this, we report here our institutional series.
Design This study is a retrospective chart review.
Setting The study was conducted at two major academic medical centers (2000–2018).
Participants Adult patients with SBF were included in this study.
Main Outcome Measures Variables included age, gender, CSF leak within 90 days, management regimen, meningitis within 90 days, and 1-year mortality.
Results Among 4,944 patients with SBF, 199 (4%) developed a CSF leak. SBF incidence was positively correlated with year of clinical presentation (r-squared 0.78, p < 0.001). Among CSF leaks, 42% were conservatively managed, 52% were treated with lumbar drain, and 7% required surgical repair. Meningitis developed in 28% CSF leak patients. The 1-year mortality for all SBF patients was 11%, for patients with CSF leaks was 12%, and for patients with meningitis was 16%.
Conclusion In the largest institutional review of SBF patients in the 21st century, we found CSF leak incidence to be 4%. This is lower than the widely cited range of 10 to 30%. Nevertheless, morbidity and mortality associated with this complication remains clinically significant, and SBF patients should continue to be monitored for CSF leaks. We provide here our institutional treatment algorithm for these patients that may help to inform the treatment strategy at other institutions.
Noninvasive Monitoring in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: De Backer Daniel , Vincent Jean-Louis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere has been considerable development in the field of noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring in recent years. Multiple devices have been proposed to assess blood pressure, cardiac output, and tissue perfusion. All have their own advantages and disadvantages and selection should be based on individual patient requirements and disease severity and adjusted according to ongoing patient evolution.
Use of Vacuum-suction in Depressed Skull Fractures – Case Report and Technical Nuances of Nonoperative Treatment
Authors: Faleiro Rodrigo Moreira , Cavalheiro Sérgio , Belo João Tiago Alves , Moraes Vítor Vieira de Souza , dos Santos Aieska Kellen Dantas , Pontes Ellano de Brito , Teixeira Rodrigo de Oliveira , Silva Aretha Miranda , Costa Nathalia Lacerda Eller 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUp to 20% of victims from skull fractures are represented by the pediatric population, and 50% of these lesions are depressed skull fractures. The treatment is multimodal in nature, ranging from conservative treatment to open surgical repair. The last one is associated, although in a small proportion, to complications, such as infections, hematomas and even death, besides the risks of the anesthetic procedure itself. The authors of the present article present a case report of the successful treatment of a depressed skull fracture in a newborn patient, using the vacuum-suction technique. The use of vacuum-suction may be beneficial for the pediatric patients, as it is a quick, non-invasive procedure, without the need for general anesthesia.
Tubular Microdiscectomy versus Conventional Surgery for Sciatica. A Comparative Prospective Enzyme Study
Authors: Cherkaoui Mandour , Jalal Kasouati , Jawad Laaguili , Miloudi Gazzaz , Brahim El Mostarchid 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective Muscle injury is inevitable during surgical exposure of the spine, and it is quantified by the release of creatine phosphokinase. The aim of the present study is to make a comparison between tubular microdiscectomy and conventional microdiscectomy by using the pre- and postoperative serum concentrations of creatine phosphokinase as an indicator of muscle injury.
Materials and Methods A total of 28 patients who underwent surgery for lumbar disc herniation were allocated into 2 groups: 12 patients (group A) operated by transflaval microdiscectomy, and 16 patients (group B) operated by tubular microdiscectomy. The serum concentration of total creatine phosphokinase was measured before surgery (creatine phosphokinase 1) and 1 day after surgery (creatine phosphokinase 2).
Results There were 12 women and 16 men; the mean age of the patients and the mean duration of the surgery were respectively 49.5 years and 56 minutes for group A, and 47.3 years and 60 minutes for group B. The p-values of creatine phosphokinase 1, creatine phosphokinase 2 and the creatine–phosphokinase ratio were respectively 0,34; 0,31; and 0,57 (p < 0.05).
Conclusion The present study demonstrated that there was no significant difference between tubular microdiscectomy and conventional microdiscectomy according to the analysis of the levels of creatine phosphokinase.
Hypoglossal-Facial Anastomosis for Facial Nerve Reconstruction: Outcomes using the Side-to-End Surgical Technique
Authors: Ruschel Leonardo Gilmone , Duarte Joel Sanabria , De La Cruz Jonathan , Merida Kristel Back , Nogueira Gustavo Fabiano , de Oliveira Matheus Fernandes , Ramina Ricardo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction The side-to-end hypoglossal-facial anastomosis (HFA) technique is an excellent alternative technique to the classic end-terminal anastomosis, because it may decrease the symptoms resulting from hypoglossal-nerve transection.
Methods Patients with facial nerve palsy (House-Brackmann [HB] grade VI) requiring facial reconstruction from 2014 to 2017were retrospectively included in the study.
Results In total, 12 cases were identified, with a mean follow-up of 3 years. The causes of facial paralysis were due to resection of posterior-fossa tumors and trauma. There was improvement in 91.6% of the patients (11/12) after the HFA. The rate of improvement according to the HB grade was as follows: HB III - 58.3%; HB IV - 16.6%; and HB II - 16.6%. The first signs of improvement were observed in the patients with the shortest time between the paralysis and the anastomosis surgery (3.5 months versus 8.5 months; p = 0.011). The patients with HB II and III had a shorter time between the diagnosis and the anastomosis surgery (mean: 5.22 months), while the patients with HB IV and VI had a longer time of paresis (mean: 9.5 months; p = 0.099). We did not observe lingual atrophy or changes in swallowing.
Discussion and Conclusion Hypoglossal-facial anastomosis with the terminolateral technique has good results and low morbidity in relation to tongue motility and swallowing problems. The HB grade and recovery appear to be better in patients operated on with a shorter paralysis time.
Political leadership and non-state actors in the greening of Botswana
Authors: Mogende Emmanuel , Ramutsindela Maano 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The global environmental crisis has drawn increasing attention to how state power should be deployed towards achieving ecological objectives. Hence, scholars have debated the form and functions that the state might take within a sustainable political-economic model. The concept of the green state is central to this debate but the concept itself raises further questions about whether and how African states fit into this categorisation. In this article, we contribute to these debates by arguing that Botswana has been greening over time and that the Ian Khama regime took this process to a high level through the hunting ban in 2014. The country orchestrated its greener model of capitalist accumulation and gross domestic growth through the wildlife economy, which is anchored on environmental policies that fuse together domestic and global interests. Between 1966 and 2018, political leaders authorised these policies that in turn shaped power relations in the wildlife sector, particularly between the state and the private sector, to the detriment of local communities.
On the existence of Killing fields in smooth spacetimes with a compact Cauchy horizon
Authors: Ithurralde Martín Reiris , Bianchi Ignacio Bustamante 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We prove that the surface gravity of a compact non-degenerate Cauchy horizon in a smooth vacuum spacetime, can be normalized to a non-zero constant. This result, combined with a recent result by Oliver Petersen and István Rácz, end up proving the Isenberg–Moncrief conjecture on the existence of Killing fields, in the smooth differentiability class. The well known corollary of this, in accordance with the strong cosmic censorship conjecture, is that the presence of compact Cauchy horizons is a non-generic phenomenon. Though we work in 3 + 1, the result is valid line by line in any n + 1-dimensions.
BRST deformations and stability in the higher derivative Chern–Simons gauge theory
Authors: Dai Jialiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We show the procedure of BRST deformations of the free Chern–Simons gauge theory with the higher derivatives in antifield formalism and obtain the consistent interactions in the master action at different orders. The key ingredient in our analysis is the local BRST-cohomology which plays a crucial role in the determination of the first-order deformation, also the Jacobi identity is needed since it will greatly simplify the calculations for us. Making using of the Dirac’s method, we give a detailed Hamiltonian analysis both for the free and interacting systems and exhibit that the number of physical degrees of freedom is unchanged after the deformation process. Moreover, we demonstrate that the free higher derivative system can be stabilized from the viewpoint of the existence of another bounded conserved quantities which are different from the canonical energy.
Reducing the radar cross section while maintaining the performance of a coplanar waveguide-fed antenna with an absorptive metasurface
Authors: Fernández-Álvarez Humberto , Gómez María Elena De Cos , Andrés Fernando Las-Heras 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The paper presents, for the first time, an analysis of the optimum arrangement of a coplanar waveguide-fed monopole antenna and a metasurface absorber (MSA), aiming to reduce the antenna’s in-band radar cross section (RCS) without perturbing its radiation properties. The proposed arrangement will show that the efficiency of the antenna, of great interest in many applications (such as the internet of things), can be preserved, contrary to results of previous papers focused on combining these structures. Moreover, the final structure will be easily embeddable (with an optimum number of unit-cells) as well as conformable. A proper analysis of the losses and currents on the structure will be provided for a better understanding of the interaction phenomena that arise. Good agreement between simulation and measurement results can be observed, corroborating the proper performance of the structure. Furthermore, bistatic reductionis obtained as well as monostatic RCS reduction, due to the angular stability of the employed MSA. Finally, it will be shown that the introduction of loaded resistors will be preferable to the use of a lossy dielectric to improve the RCS reduction whilst maintaining the antenna performance.
Electronic transport through a driven quantum wire: possible tuning of junction current, circular current and induced local magnetic field
Authors: Ganguly Sudin , Maiti Santanu K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We propose a new route of getting controlled electron transmission through a molecular wire having a single loop geometry, by irradiating the loop with an arbitrarily polarized light. Along with conventional junction current, a new current called bias driven circular current can be established in the loop under certain conditions depending on the junction configuration. This current, on the other hand, induces a strong magnetic field that can even reach to few tesla. All the physical phenomena can be regulated selectively by adjusting the irradiation parameters. In addition, we put forward another new route of regulating transport behavior by introducing a new path due to the proximity of the contact electrodes for a typical junction configuration. Employing a tight-binding framework, we include the effect of light irradiation within a minimal coupling scheme following the well known Floquet ansatz. Using the wave-guide theory we compute two-terminal transmission probability, and the currents are determined through the Landauer–Büttiker formalism. The present analysis may be utilized to investigate transport phenomena in any other molecular wires as well as tailor-made geometries having simple and/or complex loop sub-structures.
Synthesis of highly dense MoO2/MoS2 core–shell nanoparticles via chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Withanage Sajeevi S , Charles Vanessa , Chamlagain Bhim , Wheeler Robert , Mou Shin , Khondaker Saiful I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Nanostructure morphologies of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are gaining much interest owing to their catalytic, sensing, and energy storage capabilities. Here, we report the synthesis of highly dense MoO2/MoS2 core–shell nanoparticles, a new form of TMD nanostructure, via chemical vapor deposition using new growth geometry where a thin film of MoO3 was used as a source substrate for Mo as opposed to using MoO3 powder used in conventional studies. To grow the MoO2/MoS2 core–shell nanoparticles, we precisely control the carrier gas flow rate and sulfur vapor introduction time with respect to the melting of a MoO3 thin film used for Mo precursor. Scanning electron microscope image shows dense coverage of nanoparticles of 50–120 nm in size. The transmission electron microscopy image shows that the nanoparticles consist of crystalline MoO2 core covered with a few layer MoS2 shell. Raman and energy dispersive spectroscopy characterizations further confirm the chemical composition of the nanoparticle containing MoO2 and MoS2. We discuss the growth conditions under which the nanoparticles grow and elucidate its growth mechanism. We also discuss how a small but controllable changes in growth condition could lead to other highly dense growth of vertical/lateral MoO2/MoS2 plates in both source and growth substrates due to the unique growth geometry used in this study.
NV center pumped and enhanced by nanowire ring resonator laser to integrate a 10 μm-scale spin-based sensor structure
Authors: Guo Hao , Gao Yanjie , Qin Yue , Wang Shixin , Liu Yusong , Zhang Zhenrong , Li Zhonghao , Wen Huanfei , Tang Jun , Ma Zongmin , Li Yanjun , Liu Jun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this work, we propose a 10 μm-scale spin-based sensor structure, which mainly consists of a nanowire (NW) ring resonator laser, nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defects in a nanodiamond (ND) and a microwave (MW) antenna. The NW laser was bent into a ring with a gap to pump the NV defects in the ND which was assembled in the gap with the diameter of ∼8 μm. And the fluorescent light of NV defects was enhanced by the NW ring resonator about 8 times. Furthermore, the NW laser pulse was produced by the optical switch and a simple plus-sequences was designed to get the Rabi oscillation signal. Based on the Rabi oscillation, a Ramsey-type sequence was used to detect the magnetic field with the sensitivity of 83 nT √Hz−1 for our 10 μm-scale spin-based sensor structure. It proves the spin state in our structure allows for coherent spin manipulation for more complex quantum control schemes. And our structure fulfills the fundamental requirements to develop chip-scale spin-based sensors.
Examining the isotope effect on CH decay and H exchange reactions: H(2S) + CH(D/T)(2Π)
Authors: Zhang Lulu , Liu Dong , Song Yuzhi , Gao Feng , Meng Qingtian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The influence of the isotope substitution on the H + CH(D, T) reactions is analyzed in detail by the method of quasi-classical trajectory on the

CH

2

(

X

˜

3

A
″
)

potential energy surface. By calculating the integral cross sections (ICSs), rate constants, and product vibrational and rotational state resolved ICSs, we find that when the isotope substitution effect promotes the R1 (CH decay) reaction, it can inhibit the R2 (H exchange) reaction. The analysis of differential cross sections (DCSs) indicates that H + CH(D/T) for R1 reaction is dominated by indirect reaction mechanism in the lower collision energy region, and governed by direct reaction mechanism in the high collision energy region. Finally, the calculated distributions of P(θ

r
) and P(ϕ

r
) show that the product rotational angular momentum

j
′

is slightly oriented along the positive y-axis for R1 reaction, but for R2 reaction, there are no clear peak structures, so the polarization is not significant.
Absolute frequency of 87Sr at 1.8 × 10−16 uncertainty by reference to remote primary frequency standards
Authors: Nemitz Nils , Gotoh Tadahiro , Nakagawa Fumimaru , Ito Hiroyuki , Hanado Yuko , Ido Tetsuya , Hachisu Hidekazu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The optical lattice clock NICT-Sr1 regularly reports calibration measurements of the international timescale TAI. By comparing measurement results to the reports of eight primary frequency standards, we find the absolute frequency of the 87Sr clock transition to be

f

S
r

=
429

228

004

229

873.082

76

H
z

, with a fractional uncertainty of less than 1.8 × 10−16 approaching the systematic limits of the best realization of the SI second. Our result is consistent with other recent measurements and further supported by the loop closure over the absolute frequencies of 87Sr, 171Yb and direct optical measurements of their ratio.