bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperdense artery sign, symptomatic infarct swelling and effect of alteplase in acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Wu Simiao , Mair Grant , Cohen Geoff , Morris Zoe , von Heijne Anders , Bradey Nick , Cala Lesley , Peeters Andre , Farrall Andrew J , Adami Alessandro , Potter Gillian , Liu Ming , Lindley Richard I , Sandercock Peter A G , Wardlaw Joanna M 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundAlteplase improves functional outcomes of patients with acute ischaemic stroke, but its effects on symptomatic infarct swelling, an adverse complication of stroke and the influence of CT hyperdense artery sign (HAS) are unclear. This substudy of the Third International Stroke Trial aimed to investigate the association between HAS and symptomatic infarct swelling and effect of intravenous alteplase on this association.MethodsWe included stroke patients whose prerandomisation scan was non-contrast CT. Raters, masked to clinical information, assessed baseline (prerandomisation) and follow-up (24–48 hours postrandomisation) CT scans for HAS, defined as an intracranial artery appearing denser than contralateral arteries. Symptomatic infarct swelling was defined as clinically significant neurological deterioration ≤7 days after stroke with radiological evidence of midline shift, effacement of basal cisterns or uncal herniation.ResultsAmong 2961 patients, HAS presence at baseline was associated with higher risk of symptomatic infarct swelling (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.42 to 3.44). Alteplase increased the risk of swelling (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.11 to 2.57), with no difference between patients with and those without baseline HAS (p=0.49). In patients with baseline HAS, alteplase reduced the proportion with HAS at follow-up (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.50 to 0.91), where HAS disappearance was associated with reduced risk of swelling (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.47).ConclusionAlthough alteplase was associated with increased risk of symptomatic infarct swelling in patients with or without baseline HAS, it was also associated with accelerated clearance of HAS, which in return reduced swelling, providing further mechanistic insights to underpin the benefits of alteplase.
H2S promotes developmental brain angiogenesis via the NOS/NO pathway in zebrafish
Authors: Jiang Weiqing , Liu Chen , Deng Mingzhu , Wang Fei , Ren Xiao , Fan Yilin , Du Jiulin , Wang Yonggang 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundHydrogen sulphide (H2S) is considered as the third member of the gasotransmitter family, along with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide. H2S has been reported to induce angiogenesis by promoting the growth, migration and tube-like structure formation of endothelial cells. Those studies were conducted in conditions of cell culture, mouse Matrigel plug assay model, rat wound healing model or rat hindlimb ischaemia model. Recent in vivo studies showed the physiological importance of H2S in muscle angiogenesis. However, the importance of endogenous H2S for brain angiogenesis during development remains unknown. We therefore aimed at determining the role of H2S in brain vascular development.Methods and resultsBoth knockdown and knockout of H2S-producing enzymes, cystathionine β-synthase (cbs) and cystathionine γ-lyase (cth), using morpholino oligonucleotides and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9-mediated mutation, impaired brain vascular development of larval zebrafish. Incubation with the slow-releasing H2S donor GYY4137 alleviated the defects of brain vascular development incbsandcthmorphants. Quantitative analysis of the midbrain vascular network showed that H2S enhances angiogenesis without affecting the topological structure of the brain vasculature. Mechanically, nitric oxide synthase 2a (nos2a) expression and NO production were decreased in bothcbsandcthmorphants. Overexpression ofnos2aby coinjection ofcbsorcthMO with full-length zebrafish nos2a mRNA alleviated the brain vascular developmental defects incbsandcthmorphants.ConclusionWe conclude that H2S promotes brain developmental angiogenesis via the NOS/NO pathway in zebrafish.
Finite Characterization of the Coarsest Balanced Coloring of a Network
Authors: Stewart Ian 
Published: November 2020

Balanced colorings of networks correspond to flow-invariant synchrony spaces. It is known that the coarsest balanced coloring is equivalent to nodes having isomorphic infinite input trees, but this condition is not algorithmic. We provide an algorithmic characterization: two nodes have the same color for the coarsest balanced coloring if and only if their [Formula: see text]th input trees are isomorphic, where [Formula: see text] is the number of nodes. Here [Formula: see text] is the best possible. The proof is analogous to that of Leighton’s theorem in graph theory, using the universal cover of the network and the notion of a symbolic adjacency matrix to set up a partition refinement algorithm whose output is the coarsest balanced coloring. The running time of the algorithm is cubic in [Formula: see text].
Fairness of Scoring in Online Job Marketplaces
Authors: Elbassuoni Shady , Amer-Yahia Sihem , Ghizzawi Ahmad 
Published: November 2020

We study fairness of scoring in online job marketplaces. We focus on group fairness and aim to algorithmically explore how a scoring function, through which individuals are ranked for jobs, treats different demographic groups. Previous work on group-level fairness has focused on the case where groups are pre-defined or where they are defined using a single protected attribute (e.g., whites vs. blacks or males vs. females). In this article, we argue for the need to examine fairness for groups of people defined with any combination of protected attributes (the-so called subgroup fairness). Existing work also assumes the availability of worker’s data (i.e., data transparency) and the scoring function (i.e., process transparency). We relax that assumption in this work and run user studies to assess the effect of different data and process transparency settings on the ability to assess fairness.To quantify the fairness of a scoring of a group of individuals, we formulate an optimization problem to find a partitioning of those individuals on their protected attributes that exhibits the highest unfairness with respect to the scoring function. The scoring function yields one histogram of score distributions per partition and we rely on Earth Mover’s Distance, a measure that is commonly used to compare histograms, to quantify unfairness. Since the number of ways to partition individuals is exponential in the number of their protected attributes, we propose a heuristic algorithm to navigate the space of all possible partitionings to identify the one with the highest unfairness. We evaluate our algorithm using a simulation of a crowdsourcing platform and show that it can effectively quantify unfairness of various scoring functions. We additionally run experiments to assess the applicability of our approach in other less-transparent data and process settings. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in assessing fairness of scoring in a real dataset crawled from the online job marketplace TaskRabbit.
Face identity disentanglement via latent space mapping
Authors: Nitzan Yotam , Bermano Amit , Li Yangyan , Cohen-Or Daniel 
Published: November 2020

Learning disentangled representations of data is a fundamental problem in artificial intelligence. Specifically, disentangled latent representations allow generative models to control and compose the disentangled factors in the synthesis process. Current methods, however, require extensive supervision and training, or instead, noticeably compromise quality.
In this paper, we present a method that learns how to represent data in a disentangled way, with minimal supervision, manifested solely using available pre-trained networks. Our key insight is to decouple the processes of disentanglement and synthesis, by employing a leading pre-trained unconditional image generator, such as StyleGAN. By learning to map into its latent space, we leverage both its state-of-the-art quality, and its rich and expressive latent space, without the burden of training it.
We demonstrate our approach on the complex and high dimensional domain of human heads. We evaluate our method qualitatively and quantitatively, and exhibit its success with de-identification operations and with temporal identity coherency in image sequences. Through extensive experimentation, we show that our method successfully disentangles identity from other facial attributes, surpassing existing methods, even though they require more training and supervision.
Unbiased warped-area sampling for differentiable rendering
Authors: Bangaru Sai Praveen , Li Tzu-Mao , Durand Frédo 
Published: November 2020

Differentiable rendering computes derivatives of the light transport equation with respect to arbitrary 3D scene parameters, and enables various applications in inverse rendering and machine learning. We present an unbiased and efficient differentiable rendering algorithm that does not require explicit boundary sampling. We apply the divergence theorem to the derivative of the rendering integral to convert the boundary integral into an area integral. We rewrite the converted area integral to a form that is suitable for Monte Carlo rendering. We then develop an efficient Monte Carlo sampling algorithm for solving the area integral. Our method can be easily plugged into a traditional path tracer and does not require dedicated data structures for sampling boundaries.
We analyze the convergence properties through bias-variance metrics, and demonstrate our estimator's advantages over existing methods for some synthetic inverse rendering examples.
Higher-order finite elements for embedded simulation
Authors: Longva Andreas , Löschner Fabian , Kugelstadt Tassilo , Fernández-Fernández José Antonio , Bender Jan 
Published: November 2020

As demands for high-fidelity physics-based animations increase, the need for accurate methods for simulating deformable solids grows. While higherorder finite elements are commonplace in engineering due to their superior approximation properties for many problems, they have gained little traction in the computer graphics community. This may partially be explained by the need for finite element meshes to approximate the highly complex geometry of models used in graphics applications. Due to the additional perelement computational expense of higher-order elements, larger elements are needed, and the error incurred due to the geometry mismatch eradicates the benefits of higher-order discretizations. One solution to this problem is the embedding of the geometry into a coarser finite element mesh. However, to date there is no adequate, practical computational framework that permits the accurate embedding into higher-order elements.
We develop a novel, robust quadrature generation method that generates theoretically guaranteed high-quality sub-cell integration rules of arbitrary polynomial accuracy. The number of quadrature points generated is bounded only by the desired degree of the polynomial, independent of the embedded geometry. Additionally, we build on recent work in the Finite Cell Method (FCM) community so as to tackle the severe ill-conditioning caused by partially filled elements by adapting an Additive-Schwarz-based preconditioner so that it is suitable for use with state-of-the-art non-linear material models from the graphics literature. Together these two contributions constitute a general-purpose framework for embedded simulation with higher-order finite elements.
We finally demonstrate the benefits of our framework in several scenarios, in which second-order hexahedra and tetrahedra clearly outperform their first-order counterparts.
Differentiable vector graphics rasterization for editing and learning
Authors: Li Tzu-Mao , Lukáč Michal , Gharbi Michaël , Ragan-Kelley Jonathan 
Published: November 2020

We introduce a differentiable rasterizer that bridges the vector graphics and raster image domains, enabling powerful raster-based loss functions, optimization procedures, and machine learning techniques to edit and generate vector content. We observe that vector graphics rasterization is differentiable after pixel prefiltering. Our differentiable rasterizer offers two prefiltering options: an analytical prefiltering technique and a multisampling anti-aliasing technique. The analytical variant is faster but can suffer from artifacts such as conflation. The multisampling variant is still efficient, and can render high-quality images while computing unbiased gradients for each pixel with respect to curve parameters.
We demonstrate that our rasterizer enables new applications, including a vector graphics editor guided by image metrics, a painterly rendering algorithm that fits vector primitives to an image by minimizing a deep perceptual loss function, new vector graphics editing algorithms that exploit well-known image processing methods such as seam carving, and deep generative models that generate vector content from raster-only supervision under a VAE or GAN training objective.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЕРЕБІГУ ВАГІТНОСТІ ТА СТАН НОВОНАРОДЖЕНИХ У ЖІНОК ІЗ ДОБРОЯКІСНИМИ ПУХЛИНАМИ ЯЄЧНИКІВ
Authors: Boichuk O. H. , Hulii D. Ya. 
Published: November 2020

Мета дослідження – вивчення перебігу гестаційного процесу і перинатальних наслідків у вагітних жінок із доброякісними новоутвореннями яєчників (ДПЯ).
Матеріали та методи. Для оцінки перебігу вагітності, пологів, післяпологового періоду і морфофункціонального стану фетоплацентарної системи обстежено 50 вагітних жінок, які склали 3 клінічні групи: 1-ша – основна група – 14 вагітних із доброякісними пухлинами яєчників, яким проведено оперативне втручання; 2-га – група порівняння – 16 вагітних із доброякісними пухлинами яєчників, які отримували консервативне лікування; 3-тя – контрольна група – 20 пацієнток із фізіологічним перебігом вагітності. Всім пацієнткам проводили ультразвукове дослідження плода та плацентарного комплексу, морфологічне дослідження плаценти. Дослідження здійснювали на апараті «Toshiba-GF123» (Японія), працювали в масштабі реального часу із секторальними і вагінальними датчиками із частотою 3,5 і 7,0 МГц. Ультразвукову фетометрію здійснювали в режимі реального часу загальноприйнятими методами.
Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. За результатами наших досліджень, термінові пологи в основній групі відбулися у 11 ((80±5,9) %) вагітних, передчасні пологи – у 3 ((17,8±5,7) %) і запізнілі – в однієї ((2,2±2,2) %) вагітної. Частоту передчасних пологів у пацієнток групи порівняння спостерігали в 2,5 раза рідше. У контрольній групі всі вагітності завершились вчасними пологами. Синдром затримки розвитку плода (СЗРП) встановили у 3-х ((6,7±6,7) %) новонароджених основної групи і у 2-х ((9,5±6,4) %) групи порівняння. При цьому у цих пацієнток перебіг вагітності ускладнився розвитком прееклампсії, що є можливою причиною розвитку ЗРП.
Висновки. Наявність доброякісних пухлин і пухлиноподібних утворень яєчників не перешкоджає настанню і прогресуванню вагітності. Однією з проблем ведення вагітності у жінок із доброякісними пухлинами яєчників є вибір тактики їх лікування.
ФОРМУВАННЯ КОМУНІКАТИВНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ ЛІКАРІВ НА ЕТАПІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ
Authors: Kinash I. O. 
Published: November 2020

Стаття присвячена проблемі формування комунікативної компетентності майбутніх медичних працівників. На основі аналізу сучасної наукової літератури проаналізовано різні підходи до визначення та інтерпретації сутності феномену «комунікативна компетентність майбутніх лікарів». У статті розглянуто різні підходи до визначення сутності понять «компетенція», «компетентність», «культурологічна компетентність». Подано порівняльний аналіз понять «компетентність» і «компетенція». Визначено структуру комунікативної компетентності майбутніх лікарів. Акцентовано увагу на гнучкості спілкування, емпатійності, рефлективності, комунікативних уміннях тощо.
Доведено, що комунікативна компетентність є одним із основних пріоритетів сучасної якісної освіти та однією із важливих складових професійної культури лікарів.
Сформульовано принципи та підходи, які покладено в основу формування комунікативної компетентності майбутніх лікарів. Розглянуто основні напрямки формування комунікативної компетентності в закладах вищої медичної освіти.
Питання комунікативної компетентності порушено філософами, психологами, педагогами, вченими-лікарями. У їхніх дослідженнях доведено необхідність розвитку комунікативної компетентності кожної особистості як у соціальній, так і професійній сферах.
Гострота проблеми формування комунікативної компетентності в царині комунікативної підготовки працівників медичної сфери визначена соціальним замовленням, яке має чітко окреслену законодавчу базу: «Національна доктрина розвитку освіти України у ХХІ столітті», Закон України «Про освіту», Закон України «Про вищу освіту» та ін. В офіційних урядових документах зазначається, що одним із пріоритетних напрямків реформування сучасної вищої освіти є підготовка високо­квалі­фікованих кадрів, здатних до творчої праці та професійного розвитку, які вміють на високому професійно-етичному рівні у складних умовах сьогодення ефективно вирішувати гострі проблеми медичної галузі.
Цим зумовлено підвищення вимог до професійних та особистісних якостей майбутніх медичних працівників. Клю­чова роль у реалізації зазначених ідей належить закладам вищої медичної освіти, оскільки саме тут формуються професійне мислення, комунікативна компетентність та майстерність майбутнього лікаря на етапі професійної підготовки.
Gammarus liuruiyui sp. nov. (Amphipoda, Gammaridae), a new blind species from Tian Shan, China
Authors: Zheng Yami , Hou Zhonge , Li Shuqiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A new species of the genus Gammarus Fabricius, 1775 is described and illustrated from the Tian Shan, China. Gammarus liuruiyui sp. nov. is characterized by eyes being absent; pereopods V-VII bases not expanded; uropod III with scale-like inner ramus, second article of outer ramus vestigial; and posterior margins of epimeral plates nearly straight. Detailed morphological comparisons with related species are discussed. Genetic distances of the new species and related species are provided as proof of the species delimitation.
Descriptions of a new species of Minpotamon Dai & Türkay, 1997, and a monotypic new genus of aquatic freshwater crab (Brachyura, Potamidae) from eastern Guangdong, China
Authors: Mao Si-Ying , Huang Chao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A new genus new species of freshwater crab and a new Minpotamon Dai & Türkay, 1997 species are described from eastern Guangdong, China, based on morphology and mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences. The new genus, Teoswamon gen. nov., is established for T. scolasticum sp. nov., which resembles species from several other genera from Guangdong, but its unique combination of carapace, male gonopod and female vulvae characters set it apart from others. Minpotamon kityang sp. nov. is almost identical with Minpotamon nasicum (Dai, Chen, Song, Fan, Lin & Zeng, 1979) externally, but differs drastically in the male gonopod morphology. Molecular analysis supports the current taxonomic treatments. Teoswamon scolasticum sp. nov. forms its own lineage closely related to Huananpotamon Dai & Ng, 1994. Minpotamon kityang sp. nov. clusters with Minpotamon nasicum, but their genetic distance is of an interspecific level.
The identity of Hyastenus pleione (Herbst, 1803) and description of a new species from China (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea, Epialtidae)
Authors: Lee Bee Yan , Ng Peter K. L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The poorly known epialtid crab, Hyastenus pleione (Herbst, 1803), from the Indian Ocean is re-described on the basis of the type material. Large sized specimens of a similar looking species from China are here assigned to a new species. The new species differs from H. pleione in having fewer large granules on the carapace, a blunt distal angle of the basal antennal article with the outer margin slightly constricted medially, possessing only one branchial granule along the lateral margin of the carapace, and has a relatively more elongate male first gonopod with the subdistal part weakly dilated.
Contributions to the knowledge of Leucosiidae VII. Liusius gen. nov. (Crustacea, Brachyura)
Authors: Shih Yi-Jia , Ho Ping-Ho , Galil Bella S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A new genus, Liusius, is established for the East Asian leucosiid crab Leucosia longimaculata Chen & Fang, 1991. The new genus differs from Leucosia s. str. and allied genera in having the shaft of the male first gonopod coiled eight times on its axis, bearing a distal setose lobe topped by a digitate process, and prominently swollen female vulvae opening distad. The molecular phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA supports the morphological observations. The species is redescribed and illustrated.
Enthusiasm and Platonic furor in the Origins of Cartesian Science: The Olympian Dreams
Authors: Gómez López Susana 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the Olympica, the lost manuscript wherein Descartes described
his famous three dreams, he wrote that on the night of Saint Martin in 1619 he
felt asleep in a state of enthusiasm. He interpreted the dreams
that ensued as the divine revelation of the principles of a new and admirable
science. I here propose that the Olympica were a literary
fiction devised by Descartes to legitimize his arrival on the philosophical
scene by proposing the principles of a new science. The function of dreams as
the best way to reach true wisdom is in line with a long philosophical
tradition. This paper offers an attempt to understand the Cartesian
enthusiasm in its context, that is, before the criticism of
enthusiasm as something incompatible with reason became widespread and when it
was still linked to the Platonic theory of furor –
poetic and divine – the state that allows the subject access to the
truth.
Leviathan: The Metamorphosis of a Medieval Image
Authors: Khaimovich Boris 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The image of Leviathan held a special fascination for artists who decorated wooden synagogues and illustrated manuscripts from the eighteenth century through the first half of the twentieth century in Eastern Europe. They usually depicted this biblical and Talmudic creature as a giant fish coiled round in a circle. A leviathan of the same shape appears at first in Jewish manuscripts produced in Germany and regions under the cultural influence of German Jews in the thirteenth century. The appearance of this image was inspired, probably, by piyutim (liturgical songs) written in this time in the same region. The Jewish commentary tradition of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries demonstrates a renewed surge of interest in this particular creature. It can be assumed that the special interest in Leviathan, both in the verbal and in the visual tradition, was correlated with the expectation of messianic times. The Leviathan represents the only image in the vault paintings of wooden synagogues that possesses a direct connection to traditional texts and manifests continuity with the Middle Ages visual traditions. In light of this, investigation into the Leviathan image in synagogue paintings is of special significance. The use of this image by Jewish artists may also shed indirect light on the meaning of other depictions that are compositionally related, and thus furnish a partial answer to the intriguing questions of the character and significance of those paintings. The present article is devoted to precisely these aspects of the Leviathan image; i.e., the genesis of its form and its semantics in synagogue paintings.