bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using NMR spectroscopy to investigate the role played by copper in prion diseases
Authors: Alsiary Rawiah A. , Alghrably Mawadda , Saoudi Abdelhamid , Al-Ghamdi Suliman , Jaremko Lukasz , Jaremko Mariusz , Emwas Abdul-Hamid 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrion diseases are a group of rare neurodegenerative disorders that develop as a result of the conformational conversion of normal prion protein (PrPC) to the disease-associated isoform (PrPSc). The mechanism that actually causes disease remains unclear. However, the mechanism underlying the conformational transformation of prion protein is partially understood—in particular, there is strong evidence that copper ions play a significant functional role in prion proteins and in their conformational conversion. Various models of the interaction of copper ions with prion proteins have been proposedfor theCu (II)-binding, cell-surfaceglycoprotein known as prion protein(PrP).Changes in the concentration of copper ions in the brain have been associated with prion diseases and there is strong evidence that copper plays a significant functional role in the conformational conversion of PrP. Nevertheless, because copper ions have been shown to have both a positive and negative effect on prion disease onset, the role played by Cu (II) ions in these diseases remains a topic of debate. Because of the unique properties of paramagnetic Cu (II) ions in the magnetic field, their interactions with PrP can be tracked even at single atom resolution using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Various NMR approaches have been utilized to study the kinetic, thermodynamic, and structural properties of Cu (II)-PrP interactions. Here, we highlight the different models of copper interactions with PrP with particular focus on studies that use NMR spectroscopy to investigate the role played by copper ions in prion diseases.
Recommendations for prioritization, treatment, and triage of breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. the COVID-19 pandemic breast cancer consortium
Authors: Dietz Jill R. , Moran Meena S. , Isakoff Steven J. , Kurtzman Scott H. , Willey Shawna C. , Burstein Harold J. , Bleicher Richard J. , Lyons Janice A. , Sarantou Terry , Baron Paul L. , Stevens Randy E. , Boolbol Susan K. , Anderson Benjamin O. , Shulman Lawrence N. , Gradishar William J. , Monticciolo Debra L. , Plecha Donna M. , Nelson Heidi , Yao Katharine A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic presents clinicians a unique set of challenges in managing breast cancer (BC) patients. As hospital resources and staff become more limited during the COVID-19 pandemic, it becomes critically important to define which BC patients require more urgent care and which patients can wait for treatment until the pandemic is over. In this Special Communication, we use expert opinion of representatives from multiple cancer care organizations to categorize BC patients into priority levels (A, B, C) for urgency of care across all specialties. Additionally, we provide treatment recommendations for each of these patient scenarios. Priority A patients have conditions that are immediately life threatening or symptomatic requiring urgent treatment. Priority B patients have conditions that do not require immediate treatment but should start treatment before the pandemic is over. Priority C patients have conditions that can be safely deferred until the pandemic is over. The implementation of these recommendations for patient triage, which are based on the highest level available evidence, must be adapted to current availability of hospital resources and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic in each region of the country. Additionally, the risk of disease progression and worse outcomes for patients need to be weighed against the risk of patient and staff exposure to SARS CoV-2 (virus associated with the COVID-19 pandemic). Physicians should use these recommendations to prioritize care for their BC patients and adapt treatment recommendations to the local context at their hospital.
Challenges and Successes of Pregnancy Assistance Fund Programs Supporting Young Fathers
Authors: Niland Katherine , Selekman Rebekah 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Since 2010, the Office of Population Affairs (formerly the Office of Adolescent Health) has offered funding to support expectant and parenting youth through the Pregnancy Assistance Fund (PAF). PAF grantees typically focus on serving young mothers, so programs serving young fathers are more limited.

Methods
Based on a purposive sample of nine past and current PAF grantees that serve young fathers, this study describes the overall program designs, provides a detailed view of the challenges to serving young fathers, and identifies key strategies for successful father engagement.

Results
Across grantees, program components were largely the same for both young fathers and mothers. Recruitment and engagement were the most commonly cited challenges to young fathers’ participation in the PAF-funded programs.

Discussion
Successful strategies for serving young fathers included recruiting from places that fathers naturally frequent, creating program space welcoming to fathers, and hiring staff who understand the experiences of young fathers.
The effect of CO2-enriched water salinity on enhancing oil recovery and its potential formation damage: an experimental study on shaly sandstone reservoirs
Authors: Yazdani Sadati Ehsan , Sahraei Eghbal , Rahnema Milad , Rashidi Aghdam Sohail , Reyhani Mahsheed 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMany experimental investigations on carbonated water injection (CWI) have shown an increase in oil recovery which CWI is defined as the process of injecting CO2-saturated water in oil reservoirs as a displacing fluid. In every enhanced oil recovery method, the potential formation damage of the injected fluid is considered. This is due to the fact that the injection of incompatible fluids often causes clay swelling and fines migration and thus impairs the formation permeability. Permeability reduction by clay particles mostly depends on its distribution which can be pore lining, pore bridging, dispersed or combination of these causing pore blocking or pore-throat diameter reduction. Besides, fine migration is considered as an important mechanism of recovery improvement during injection of low-salinity water in sandstone oil reservoirs. The present paper investigates the impact of injection of carbonated water and brines with the different salt concentrations on oil recovery and formation damage focusing on permeability variation. The investigation has been done on 12 relatively homogeneous clay-containing sandstone cores, while the compositions of the injection water were varied from 40,000 to 1000 ppm, at 176° F and 2000 psi. The amount of recovery improvement and permeability drop recorded in all tests and the fine effluent of two experiments were analysed using XRD, one for CWI and one for WF (water flooding). In all salinities, CWI has shown more oil recovery improvement than conventional water. CWI of 40,000 ppm showed the minimum permeability reduction of 6 percent, while the highest permeability was obtained by injection of water with 1000 ppm. Maximum ultimate oil recoveries of 61.2% and 42% were achieved by 1000 ppm both for CWI and WF, respectively. In comparison with brine injection, CWI resulted in more permeability drop in salinity above critical salt concentration (CSC), while below CSC, WF has caused more formation damage than CWI. Experimental results also showed that fine migration was the main reason behind formation damage. It was also revealed that permeability was significantly reduced due to fine production in the effluent.
Barite–Micromax mixture, an enhanced weighting agent for the elimination of barite sag in invert emulsion drilling fluids
Authors: Basfar Salem , Mohamed Abdelmjeed , Elkatatny Salaheldin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWeighting agents are mixed with the drilling mud to provide the high density required to control high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) wells throughout the drilling operation. Solids sag occurs when the weighting agent separates from the liquid phase and settles down, causing variations in the drilling fluid density. This study evaluates barite–manganese tetroxide (Micromax) mixture to eliminate solids sag issue encountered with weighted invert emulsion drilling fluids at HPHT conditions. Micromax additive was added to barite-weighted fluids in different concentrations, 0, 15, and 30 wt% of the total weighting agent. Static and dynamic sag tests were used to evaluate the sag tendency of the new formulation under static and dynamic conditions. The performance of the new formulation was evaluated by measuring the electrical stability, density, rheological, viscoelastic, and filtration properties of the drilling fluid. The obtained results showed that Micromax additive improves drilling fluid stability by reducing the sag tendency. Adding only 30 wt% of Micromax additive eliminated barite sag issue in both dynamic and static conditions at 350 °F. 30 wt% Micromax increased the base fluid density by 5.4% and the yield point by 115% and maintained the gel strength value at 12 lb/100 ft2, while it reduced the plastic viscosity by 30%. The addition of Micromax additive improved the viscoelastic properties of the drilling fluid by maintaining a higher storage modulus to the loss modulus ratio when compared with the barite sample (in the range 4–4.5). Furthermore, 30 wt% Micromax improved the filtration performance by reducing the filtrate volume, filter cake weight, and filter cake thickness by 50%.
An Investigation to Assess the Cause of Accident due to Flyrock in an Opencast Coal Mine: A Case Study
Authors: Sawmliana C. , Hembram Panchanan , Singh R. K. , Banerjee S. , Singh P. K. , Roy P. Pal 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe paper deals with the investigation carried out to find out the possible reason of the flyrock incident causing fatality of one person at Bhurkunda ‘Á’ Colliery of Central Coalfields Limited (CCL). The flying fragment travelled up to 280 m from the blasting source causing the accidental death. The blasts were conducted in overburden rock strata consisting of medium grained sandstone and shale. The blasthole diameter used in the blast was 160 mm, and the average hole depth was 6.0 m. Site mixed emulsion (SME) explosive was used in the blast, and explosive charge per hole was 50.00 kg. Non-electric initiation systems were used for in-hole explosive and surface hole-to-hole initiations. The design parameters used in the blast were thoroughly analyzed using blast simulation software to check any anomaly in the blast design viz. sequence of hole firing, success rate of burden movement, maximum charge per delay fired within 8 ms windows, etc. The different flyrock fragments prediction models were used to assess the maximum possible travel distance of the flying in the blast. A synonymous blast was also conducted in the mines to replicate the blast where flyrock accident occurred. All the blasting events were recorded and monitored using a digital video camera. The simulation results of the blast showed the success rate of burden relief more than 80% with sufficient delay intervals for the rock movement during the blast. The maximum possible travel distance of flying fragments based on different flyrock prediction models was 227 m. In the synonymous blast, only vertical throws of the flying fragments up to 70 m (approximate) height were observed. It was difficult to find out the exact cause of flyrock incident. However, based on the detailed investigation, it was concluded that the possible cause of flying fragments travelling up to a distance of 280 m could be due to the presence of a weak zone in the rock strata.
Monitor or Advise? How Family Involvement Affects Supervisory Board Roles in Family Firms
Authors: van Aaken Dominik , Göbel Maximilian , Meindl Daniel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper examines how the involvement of family members in family firms affects the roles of supervisory boards in two-tier board systems. Taking an agency and resource-based perspective, we argue that the occurrence of monitoring and advisory tasks of the board depends on the entanglement of family management and family ownership. This entanglement creates special governance requirements for family firms in two-tier board systems. We use a unique dataset of 186 German family firm observations to show that family involvement in management as well as a high family ownership reduces the occurrence of the monitoring tasks that the supervisory board performs. Moreover, we show that a growing number of owning family branches increases the monitoring tasks. We also provide evidence that family involvement increases the occurrence of the advisory tasks in relation to the monitoring ones.
Integrating human-centred design approach into Sustainable-Oriented 3D Printing Systems
Authors: Rossi Emilio , Di Nicolantonio Massimo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractModern 3D printing systems have become pervasive and widely used both in professional and in informal contexts, including sustainable-oriented ones. However, the risk to create very effective but non-sustainable solutions is very high since 3D printing systems could potentially increase the environmental emergencies and the unsustainable growth. In the transition process toward sustainable ways of production and consumption, the so-called human factor still plays an important role in the achievement of sustainable-oriented actions; it drives the adoption of proper lifestyles that directly and indirectly influence the ways through which such technologies are used. Therefore, future Sustainable 3D Printing Systems should integrate the humans in the systems’ development. This study presents two important results: (a) it presents a set of interdisciplinary ‘Sustainable 3D Printing Systems’, which compose a promising sustainable-oriented scenario useful to support the transition processes toward sustainable designs and productions, and (b) it proposes a new strategy for the integration of human-centred aspects into Sustainable 3D Printing Systems, by combining insights from human-centred design approach.
Surface and subsurface radar equations for radar sounders
Authors: Haynes Mark S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis work is a collection of radar equations for low-frequency radar sounding and radar in general that emphasize the form of the radar equation for different target and source geometries. This is meant as a handbook for scientists and engineers that work with or analyze radar sounder systems and interpret radar sounding echoes. Lookup tables summarize the results and derivations are provided for each equation.
Disparities in Deep Brain Stimulation Use for Parkinson’s Disease in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Crispo James A.G. , Lam Melody , Le Britney , Richard Lucie , Shariff Salimah Z. , Ansell Dominique R. , Squarzolo Melanie , Marras Connie , Willis Allison W. , Seitz Dallas 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT:Objective:To examine whether sociodemographic characteristics and health care utilization are associated with receiving deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery for Parkinson’s disease (PD) in Ontario, Canada.Methods:Using health administrative data, we identified a cohort of individuals aged 40 years or older diagnosed with incident PD between 1995 and 2009. A case-control study was used to examine whether select factors were associated with DBS for PD. Patients were classified as cases if they underwent DBS surgery at any point 1-year after cohort entry until December 31, 2016. Conditional logistic regression modeling was used to estimate the adjusted odds of DBS surgery for sociodemographic and health care utilization indicators.Results:A total of 46,237 individuals with PD were identified, with 543 (1.2%) receiving DBS surgery. Individuals residing in northern Ontario were more likely than southern patients to receive DBS surgery [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15–4.34]; however, regional variations were not observed after accounting for medication use among older adults (AOR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.26–4.21). Patients living in neighborhoods with the highest concentration of visible minorities were less likely to receive DBS surgery compared to patients living in predominantly white neighborhoods (AOR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.16–0.46). Regular neurologist care and use of multiple PD medications were positively associated with DBS surgery.Conclusions:Variations in use of DBS may reflect differences in access to care, specialist referral pathways, health-seeking behavior, or need for DBS. Future studies are needed to understand drivers of potential disparities in DBS use.
Short-Term Effects of Mitigation Measures for the Containment of the COVID-19 Outbreak: An Experience From Northern Italy
Authors: Moirano Giovenale , Schmid Maurizio , Barone-Adesi Francesco 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTWe evaluated the short-term effects of mitigation measures imposed by the Italian government on the first 10 municipalities affected by Sars-Cov-2 spread. Our results suggest that the effects of containment measures can be appreciated in about approximately 2 wk.
Pilot cohort study of obstructive sleep apnoea in community-dwelling people with schizophrenia
Authors: Myles H. , Myles N. , Vincent A. D. , Wittert G. , Adams R. , Chandratilleke M. , Liu D. , Mercer J. , Vakulin A. , Chai-Coetzer C. L. , Galletly C. 
Published: April 2020

Objectives:We aimed to assess the incidence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in people with schizophrenia, to explore clinical associates with OSA and how well OSA screening tools perform in this population.Methods:All patients registered in a community outpatient Clozapine clinic, between January 2014 and March 2016, were consecutively approached to participate. Participants were screened for OSA using at home multichannel polysomnography (PSG) and were diagnosed with OSA if the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) was >10 events/hr. Univariate comparison of participants to determine whether AHI > 10 events/hr was associated with demographic factors, anthropometric measures and psychiatric symptoms and cognition was performed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the commonly used sleep symptoms scales and OSA screening tools were also determined.Results:Thirty participants were recruited, 24 men and 6 women. Mean age was 38.8 (range: 25–60), and mean body mass index (BMI) was 35.7 (range 19.9–62.1). The proportion of participants with OSA (AHI > 10 events/hr) was 40%, 18 (60%) had no OSA, 4 (13%) had mild OSA (AHI 10.1–20), zero participants had moderate OSA (AHI 20.1–30) and 8 (27%) had severe OSA (AHI > 30). Diagnosis of OSA was significantly associated with increased weight, BMI, neck circumference and systolic blood pressure. Diagnosis of OSA was not significantly associated with Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale, Montgomery Asperger’s Depression Rating Scale, Personal and Social Performance scale or Brief Assessment of Cognition for Schizophrenia scores. All OSA screening tools demonstrated poor sensitivity and specificity for a diagnosis of OSA.Conclusion:OSA was highly prevalent in this cohort of people with schizophrenia and was associated with traditional anthropometric OSA risk factors.
The longitudinal effect of antipsychotic burden on psychosocial functioning in first-episode psychosis patients: the role of verbal memory
Authors: Ballesteros Alejandro , Sánchez Torres Ana M. , López-Ilundáin Jose , Mezquida Gisela , Lobo Antonio , González-Pinto Ana , Pina-Camacho Laura , Corripio Iluminada , Vieta Eduard , de la Serna Elena , Mané Anna , Bioque Miquel , Moreno-Izco Lucía , Espliego Ana , Lorente-Omeñaca Ruth , Amoretti Silvia , Bernardo Miguel , Cuesta Manuel J. ,   PEPs Group
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious literature supports antipsychotics’ (AP) efficacy in acute first-episode psychosis (FEP) in terms of symptomatology and functioning but also a cognitive detrimental effect. However, regarding functional recovery in stabilised patients, these effects are not clear. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to investigate dopaminergic/anticholinergic burden of (AP) on psychosocial functioning in FEP. We also examined whether cognitive impairment may mediate these effects on functioning.MethodsA total of 157 FEP participants were assessed at study entry, and at 2 months and 2 years after remission of the acute episode. The primary outcomes were social functioning as measured by the functioning assessment short test (FAST). Cognitive domains were assessed as potential mediators. Dopaminergic and anticholinergic AP burden on 2-year psychosocial functioning [measured with chlorpromazine (CPZ) and drug burden index] were independent variables. Secondary outcomes were clinical and socio-demographic variables.ResultsMediation analysis found a statistical but not meaningful contribution of dopaminergic receptor blockade burden to worse functioning mediated by cognition (for every 600 CPZ equivalent points, 2-year FAST score increased 1.38 points). Regarding verbal memory and attention, there was an indirect effect of CPZ burden on FAST (b = 0.0045, 95% CI 0.0011–0.0091) and (b = 0.0026, 95% CI 0.0001–0.0006) respectively. However, only verbal memory post hoc analyses showed a significant indirect effect (b = 0.009, 95% CI 0.033–0.0151) adding premorbid IQ as covariate. We did not find significant results for anticholinergic burden.ConclusionCPZ dose effect over functioning is mediated by verbal memory but this association appears barely relevant.
Rational lines on cubic hypersurfaces
Authors: BRANDES JULIA , DIETMANN RAINER 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe show that any smooth projective cubic hypersurface of dimension at least 29 over the rationals contains a rational line. A variation of our methods provides a similar result over p-adic fields. In both cases, we improve on previous results due to the second author and Wooley.We include an appendix in which we highlight some slight modifications to a recent result of Papanikolopoulos and Siksek. It follows that the set of rational points on smooth projective cubic hypersurfaces of dimension at least 29 is generated via secant and tangent constructions from just a single point.
Changes in nesting numbers and breeding success of African White-backed Vulture Gyps africanus in north-central Botswana
Authors: LEEPILE LEUNGO B. L. , MAUDE GLYN , HANCOCK PETE , READING RICHARD P. , BRIDGES BRIAN , HARTLEY ROBYN , AMAR ARJUN 
Published: April 2020

SummaryAfrican White-backed Vultures were recently uplisted to ‘Critically Endangered’ by IUCN due to declines across their range. Poisoning is widely accepted as the major reason for these declines. Botswana supports a high number of this species (breeding pairs > c.1,200), but as yet no published information exists on their breeding success in the country. However, mass poisonings within Botswana and neighbouring countries have killed thousands of White-backed Vultures in recent years. We therefore expected that nesting numbers may have declined in this region if these poisoning events killed local breeding birds. We used information from aerial surveys conducted between 2006 and 2017 in Khwai and Linyanti, two important breeding areas for this species in north-central Botswana, to determine if there was any change in nesting numbers and breeding success of White-backed Vultures. Results showed an overall 53.5% decline in nesting numbers, with a greater decline in Linyanti than in Khwai. In both areas, breeding success was significantly lower in 2017 than it was 10 ten years earlier. We recommend that similar repeat surveys are continued to provide greater confidence in the trends of both nesting numbers and breeding performance. Population viability analysis suggested that if the productivity levels detected in 2017 were a true indication of current productivity levels for this population, and if recent high poisoning rates continue, this population could be extirpated from the area in the next 13 years.