bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of Neopestalotiopsis fungi associated with a novel leaf fall disease of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) in Thailand
Authors: Pornsuriya Chaninun , Chairin Thanunchanok , Thaochan Narit , Sunpapao Anurag 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA novel leaf fall disease of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) has been recently noted in Thailand. The fungal pathogens of this disease were identified based on both morphological and molecular characteristics as Neopestalotiopsis cubana and N. formicarum. Portions of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the large subunit (LSU), translation elongation factor 1‐α (TEF1‐α) and β‐tubulin (TUB) genes were PCR amplified with the primer pairs ITS1/ITS4, LR0R/LR5, EF1‐728F/EF2 and T1/Bt2b, respectively. Sequencing of the PCR products and a phylogenetic tree based on the combined ITS, TEF1‐α and TUB confirmed these pathogens as N. cubana and N. formicarum. Pathogenicity test results showed that the pathogens cause leaf spot and leaf fall similar to that observed in natural infections. This is the first report on the novel leaf fall disease of rubber trees in Thailand, with the results demonstrating that it is associated with N. cubana and N. formicarum.
Cross‐protective potential of a live‐attenuated Edwardsiella ictaluri vaccine against Edwardsiella piscicida in channel (Ictalurus punctatus) and channel × blue (Ictalurus furcatus) hybrid catfish
Authors: Griffin Matt J. , Greenway Terrence E. , Byars Todd S. , Ware Cynthia , Aarattuthodiyil Suja , Kumar Ganesh , Wise David J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEdwardsiella piscicida has emerged as an important pathogen of channel × blue catfish hybrids cultured in the southeastern United States. With increasing popularity of hybrid catfish and growing concern over E. piscicida, the crossprotective potential of a live‐attenuated E.ictaluri vaccine was evaluated. An immunization bath of E. piscicida (3 × 107 CFU/ml) protected channel catfish against immersion challenge of wild‐type E. ictaluri (1 × 107 CFU/ml) across multiple temperatures and feeding regimens (relative percent survival [RPS]: 89–100%). Channel catfish immunized orally with a live‐attenuated E. ictaluri vaccine/feed admix (3 × 107 CFU/g of feed) were protected against intracoelomic injections of both high (HD) (7.4x105 CFU/fish; RPS = 85%) and low doses (LD) (1.5 × 105 CFU/fish; RPS = 88%) of E. piscicida. Because of limited feed consumption during vaccination, oral immunization of hybrids was followed by a 30‐min immersion bath with cultured vaccine (5 × 106 CFU/ml). Combinatory oral/bath vaccination was ineffective against HD E. piscicida but was protective against LD E. piscicida (48% RPS) and E. ictaluri (96% RPS). Finally, naïve catfish that survived LD E. piscicida injections were protected against E. ictaluri immersion challenge (2 × 107 CFU/ml; RPS: Hybrids 55%; Channels 75%). Results suggest a live‐attenuated E. ictaluri vaccine can also protect channel and hybrid catfish against E. piscicida.
Functional rescue of an ABCB11 mutant by ivacaftor: A new targeted pharmacotherapy approach in bile salt export pump deficiency
Authors: Mareux Elodie , Lapalus Martine , Amzal Rachida , Almes Marion , Aït‐Slimane Tounsia , Delaunay Jean‐Louis , Adnot Pauline , Collado‐Hilly Mauricette , Davit‐Spraul Anne , Falguières Thomas , Callebaut Isabelle , Gonzales Emmanuel , Jacquemin Emmanuel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground & AimThe canalicular bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11) of hepatocytes is the main adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter responsible for bile acid secretion. Mutations in ABCB11 cause several cholestatic diseases, including progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (PFIC2) often lethal in absence of liver transplantation. We investigated in vitro the effect and potential rescue of a BSEP mutation by ivacaftor, a clinically approved cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR/ABCC7) potentiator.MethodsThe p.T463I mutation, identified in a PFIC2 patient and located in a highly conserved ABC transporter motif, was studied by 3D structure modelling. The mutation was reproduced in a plasmid encoding a rat Bsep‐green fluorescent protein. After transfection, mutant expression was studied in Can 10 cells. Taurocholate transport activity and ivacaftor effect were studied in Madin‐Darby canine kidney (MDCK) clones co‐expressing the rat sodium‐taurocholate co‐transporting polypeptide (Ntcp/Slc10A1).ResultsAs the wild‐type protein, BsepT463I was normally targeted to the canalicular membrane of Can 10 cells. As predicted by 3D structure modelling, taurocholate transport activity was dramatically low in MDCK clones expressing BsepT463I. Ivacaftor treatment increased by 1.7‐fold taurocholate transport activity of BsepT463I (P < .0001), reaching 95% of Bsepwt activity. These data suggest that the p.T463I mutation impairs ATP‐binding, resulting in Bsep dysfunction that can be rescued by ivacaftor.ConclusionThese results provide experimental evidence of ivacaftor therapeutic potential for selected patients with PFIC2 caused by ABCB11 missense mutations affecting BSEP function. This could represent a significant step forward for the care of patients with BSEP deficiency.
Environmental enrichment induces intergenerational behavioural and epigenetic effects on fish
Authors: Berbel‐Filho Waldir M. , Berry Nikita , Rodríguez‐Barreto Deiene , Rodrigues Teixeira Sofia , Garcia de Leaniz Carlos , Consuegra Sofia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractParental effects influence offspring phenotypes through pre‐ and post‐natal routes but little is known about their molecular basis, and therefore their adaptive significance. Epigenetic modifications, which control gene expression without changes in the DNA sequence and are influenced by the environment, may contribute to parental effects. We investigated the effects of environmental enrichment on the behaviour, metabolic rate and brain DNA methylation patterns of parents and offspring of the highly inbreed mangrove killifish (Kryptolebias marmoratus). Parental fish reared in enriched environments had lower cortisol levels, lower metabolic rates and were more active and neophobic than those reared in barren environments. They also differed in 1,854 methylated cytosines (DMCs). Offspring activity and neophobia were determined by the parental environment. Among the DMCs of the parents, 98 followed the same methylation patterns in the offspring, three of which were significantly influenced by parental environments irrespective of their own rearing environment. Our results suggest that parental environment influences the behaviour and, to some extent, the brain DNA methylation patterns of the offspring.
The role of the interview in residency selection: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Gordon Emily K. B. , Clapp Justin T. , Heins Sarah J. , Gaulton Timothy G. , Lane‐Fall Meghan B. , Aysola Jaya , Baranov Dimitri Y. , Fleisher Lee A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractContextResidency programmes invest considerable time and resources in candidate interviews as a result of their perceived ability to reveal important social traits. However, studies examining the ability of interviews to predict resident performance have shown mixed findings, and the role of the interview in candidate evaluation remains unclear. This mixed‐methods study, conducted in an anaesthesiology residency programme at a large academic medical centre, examined how interviews contributed to candidate assessment and whether the addition of behavioural questions to interviews altered their role in the evaluation process.MethodsDuring the 2018‐2019 residency selection season in the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care at the University of Pennsylvania, independent ratings for each interviewee were collected from faculty interviewers. Consensus ratings subsequently established by committee were also collected. Committee meetings were audiorecorded and transcribed for qualitative analysis. Behavioural questions were integrated into half of interview days. Ratings of candidates interviewed on behavioural question days were compared statistically with those of candidates interviewed on non‐behavioural question days.ResultsQualitative analysis showed that interviewers heavily emphasised candidates’ application files in evaluating the interviews. Interviewers focused on candidates’ academic records and favoured candidates whose interview behaviours were consistent with their applications and whose applications demonstrated similarities to interviewers’ traits. The addition of behavioural questions demonstrated little ability to alter these dynamics. Quantitatively, there were no significant differences in candidate rating outcomes between behavioural and non‐behavioural interviewing days, whereas a higher medical school rating and higher score on the United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 were associated with a more favourable consensus rating.ConclusionsResidency candidates’ application files predisposed interviewers’ experience and evaluation of interviews, preventing the interviews from providing discrete assessments of interpersonal qualities, even when behavioural questions were included. In the continued effort to perform well‐rounded assessments of residency candidates, further research and reflection on the role of interviewing in evaluation are necessary.
Deep reinforcement learning for long‐term pavement maintenance planning
Authors: Yao Linyi , Dong Qiao , Jiang Jiwang , Ni Fujian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInappropriate maintenance and rehabilitation strategies cause many problems such as maintenance budget waste, ineffective pavement distress treatments, and so forth. A method based on a machine learning algorithm called deep reinforcement learning (DRL) was developed in this presented research in order to learn better maintenance strategies that maximize the long‐term cost‐effectiveness in maintenance decision‐making through trial and error. In this method, each single‐lane pavement segment can have different treatments, and the long‐term maintenance cost‐effectiveness of the entire section is treated as the optimization goal. In the DRL algorithm, states are embodied by 42 parameters involving the pavement structures and materials, traffic loads, maintenance records, pavement conditions, and so forth. Specific treatments as well as do‐nothing are the actions. The reward is defined as the increased or decreased cost‐effectiveness after taking corresponding actions. Two expressways, the Ningchang and Zhenli expressways, were selected for a case study. The results show that the DRL model is capable of learning a better strategy to improve the long‐term maintenance cost‐effectiveness. By implementing the optimized maintenance strategies produced by the developed model, the pavement conditions can be controlled in an acceptable range.
Automatic detection method of cracks from concrete surface imagery using two‐step light gradient boosting machine
Authors: Chun Pang‐jo , Izumi Shota , Yamane Tatsuro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAutomated crack detection based on image processing is widely used when inspecting concrete structures. The existing methods for crack detection are not yet accurate enough due to the difficulty and complexity of the problem; thus, more accurate and practical methods should be developed. This paper proposes an automated crack detection method based on image processing using the light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), one of the supervised machine learning methods. In supervised machine learning, appropriate features should be identified to obtain accurate results. In crack detection, the pixel values of the target pixels and geometric features of the cracks that occur when they are connected linearly should be considered. This paper proposes a methodology for generating features based on pixel values and geometric shapes in two stages. The accuracy of the proposed methodology is investigated using photos of concrete structures with adverse conditions, such as shadows and dirt. The proposed methodology achieves an accuracy of 99.7%, sensitivity of 75.71%, specificity of 99.9%, precision of 68.2%, and an F‐measure of 0.6952. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can detect cracks with higher performance than the pix2pix‐based approach. Furthermore, the training time is 7.7 times shorter than that of the XGBoost and 2.3 times shorter than that of the pix2pix. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can detect cracks with high accuracy.
Prognostic significance of smoking and alcohol history in young age oral cavity cancer
Authors: Lee Sung Uk , Moon Sung Ho , Choi Sung Weon , Cho Kwan Ho , Park Joo Yong , Jung Yuh‐Seok , Ryu Junsun , Ryu Chang Hwan , Yun Tak , Kim Tae Hyun , Youn Sang Hee , Oh Eun Sang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess prognostic factors of patients with operable oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), focusing on the associations with smoking/alcohol exposure and age.Materials and MethodsA total of 247 patients with OSCC who received curative surgery ± adjuvant radiotherapy were analyzed. The patient subgroups were divided according to pretreatment smoking/alcohol exposure. Individuals aged 45 years or less were classified as younger patients.ResultsThe median follow‐up was 52.2 months. The 5‐year locoregional progression‐free survival (LRFFS), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS), overall survival (OS), and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) rates were 85.2%, 88.3%, 78.1%, and 83.5%, respectively. An advanced stage, differentiation, and lympho‐vascular space invasion were significantly associated with lower OS and CSS. In a subgroup analysis of younger patients (n = 49), more smoking/alcohol exposure was significantly associated with better OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05–0.95,p = .043). With increasing age, the HR for smoking/alcohol exposure with respect to OS increased up to 11.59 (95% CI: 1.49–89.84,p = .019) in older patients.ConclusionYounger OSCC patients with non‐ or less smoking/alcohol exposure showed unfavorable outcomes. The prognostic significance of pretreatment smoking/alcohol exposure changed from favorable to detrimental with increasing age in operable OSCC.
Plutonic processes in transitional oceanic plateau crust: Structure, age and emplacement of the South Rallier du Baty laccolith, Kerguelen Islands
Authors: Ponthus Léandre , de Saint Blanquat Michel , Guillaume Damien , Le Romancer Marc , Pearson Norman , O’Reilly Suzanne , Grégoire Michel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe syenitic rocks of South Rallier du Baty Intrusive Complex (SRBIC) represent intrusions into the oceanic plateau basalts of the south‐western Kerguelen Islands. The SRBIC was previously interpreted as a typical ring complex due to magma emplacement with cauldron subsidence. Our new structural and geochronological data reveal that it is a laccolith built between 11.6 and 7.9 Ma by successive injections of magma sheets around the crust–mantle boundary, with an average injection rate between 0.8 and 1.4 × 10−4 km3/year. These results establish strong similarities between the SRBIC, the only recorded example of a felsic laccolith in an oceanic intraplate setting, and many continental plutons emplaced in various geodynamic setting. The SRBIC thus has the characteristics of a continental plutonic complex emplaced in an oceanic plateau crust. We postulate the critical parameter relevant to causing such similarities and plutonic magmatism is crustal thickness.
Sl‐lncRNA15492 interacts with Sl‐miR482a and affects Solanum lycopersicum immunity against Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Jiang Ning , Cui Jun , Hou Xinxin , Yang Guanglei , Xiao Yu , Han Lu , Meng Jun , Luan Yushi 
Published: May 2020

SummaryLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the resistance of plants to infection by pathogens via interactions with microRNAs (miRNAs). Long non‐coding RNAs are cleaved by miRNAs to produce phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs), which, as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), function as decoys for mature miRNAs, thus inhibiting their expression, and contain pre‐miRNA sequences to produce mature miRNAs. However, whether lncRNAs and miRNAs mediate other molecular mechanisms during plant resistance to pathogens is unknown. In this study, as a positive regulator, Sl‐lncRNA15492 from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Zaofen No. 2) plants affected tomato resistance to Phytophthora infestans. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments and RNA ligase‐mediated 5′‐amplification of cDNA ends (RLM‐5′ RACE) also revealed that Sl‐miR482a was negatively involved in tomato resistance by targeting Sl‐NBS‐LRR genes and that silencing of Sl‐NBS‐LRR1 decreased tomato resistance. Sl‐lncRNA15492 inhibited the expression of mature Sl‐miR482a, whose precursor was located within the antisense sequence of Sl‐lncRNA15492. Further degradome analysis and additional RLM‐5′ RACE experiments verified that mature Sl‐miR482a could also cleave Sl‐lncRNA15492. These results provide a mechanism by which lncRNAs might inhibit precursor miRNA expression through antisense strands of lncRNAs, and demonstrate that Sl‐lncRNA15492 and Sl‐miR482a mutually inhibit the maintenance of Sl‐NBS‐LRR1 homeostasis during tomato resistance to P. infestans.
Preparation of Nano-spherical Iron Phosphate by Hydrothermal Method and Its Application as the Precursor of Lithium Iron Phosphate
Authors: Guo Ju , Wu Fuyong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
First, nano-spherical iron phosphate was prepared using the hydrothermal method. Then, the carbothermal reduction method was applied to synthesize the LiFePO4/C composite material capable of good carbon coating effect with the prepared nano-spherical iron phosphate as a precursor. By means of scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, Zeta potentiometer, inductively coupled plasma spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemical testing, and other methods, the material was characterized and tested for its morphology, particle size, composition, structure, and electrochemical performance. According to the test results, when the initial mass concentration of Fe3+ in the reaction solution is 2%, the amount of N and S impurity is merely 19 and 27 ppm, respectively. In the meantime, particle size is small, with a range of roughly 50–100 nm, and a spherical morphology is shown. The synthesized LiFePO4/C retains its nano-spherical morphology, which leads to a desirable carbon coating effect and an excellent electrochemical performance. The first charge–discharge specific capacity at 0.1 C rate reached 163.7 and 161.4 mAh/g, the charge–discharge efficiency was 98.6%, and the capacity retention rate at 50 charge–discharge cycles at 1 C rate reached 98.52%.
Underlying Mechanisms of the Electrolyte Structure and Dynamics on the Doped-Anode of Magnesium Batteries Based on the Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Liu Y. , Yan H.H. , Cui X.Y. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs a potential energy storage cell, the rechargeable magnesium (Mg) battery is limited by poor solid-state diffusion of Mg2+. Hence, the fundamental mechanisms between the electrolyte and the Mg electrode need to be deeply explored. In this work, a doped-Mg electrode/MgCl2 aqueous electrolyte system is constructed to explore the electrolyte structure and transport properties of ions through molecular dynamics simulations. Then, extensive simulations are conducted to study the effect of the doping levels on the electrode/electrolyte interface and ionic diffusivity. According to the number densities of different electrodes (i.e., Mg–Zn, Mg–Al, Mg–Si, and pure Mg), the Mg–Si electrode shows the strongest attraction to the ions in the electrolyte, indicating that the Mg–Si electrode can provide a higher ion storage performance. Moreover, the simulation results also show that the electrode capacitance presents a similar non-monotonic relationship with the increase of potential well depth under different doping ratios. At the doping ratio of 9%, the potential well depth has the strongest impact on the electric double layer (EDL) thickness compared with that of the other two doping ratios. The diffusion coefficient of water molecules weakly depends on the doping ratios and electrode materials. In contrast, the diffusion coefficient of ions varies strongly with the electrode materials, which could change up to 10–30% from its reference value (the diffusion coefficient of the Mg electrode system). This study will potentially provide an understanding of the influences of doped-Mg metal anodes on the structure and transport characteristics of Mg rechargeable batteries.
A Hybrid Finite Element Modeling: Artificial Neural Network Approach for Predicting Solder Joint Fatigue Life in Wafer-Level Chip Scale Packages
Authors: Chen Zhiwen , Zhang Zhao , Dong Fang , Liu Sheng , Liu Li 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Fatigue life prediction of electronic devices is of great importance in both research and industry. Traditionally, fatigue tests and finite element modeling (FEM) are the two main methods. This paper presents a new hybrid approach (FEM combined with artificial neural network, (ANN)) for fatigue life prediction. Finite element models on wafer-level chip scale packages (WLCSP) with different chip thickness, PCB thickness, and solder joint pitches were created to evaluate the effect of structure parameters on the increase in maximum creep strain under thermal fatigue load. Modified Coffin–Manson equation was then employed to estimate the corresponding fatigue life. ANNs were built, and then trained, tested, and optimized with the datasets from modeling to predict increase in maximum creep strain and fatigue life. For the ANN built for strain prediction, prediction accuracy of the optimal network was 97% in accuracy tests and 93% in generalization tests. Accuracy of the other ANN for predicting fatigue life was 94.2% in accuracy tests and 88% in generalization tests. This hybrid method shows very promising application in fatigue life estimation of electronic devices which requires much less time and lower cost.