bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Different Doses of Intra‐Articular Tranexamic Acid for Reducing Blood Loss and Lower Limb Swelling After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Ye Shuwei , Luo Yue , Li Qianhao , Cai Lijun , Kang Pengde 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveBoth blood loss and lower extremity swelling after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can affect a patient's postoperative recovery. The aim of this trial was to investigate whether different doses of intra‐articular tranexamic acid (TXA) can reduce blood loss and postoperative lower limb swelling.MethodsIn a prospective, randomized‐controlled trial, a total of 225 patients were randomly assigned to three groups from September 2020 through January 2021: intra‐articular injections of 3 g, 1 g of TXA, or placebo (saline solution). The primary outcome indicators were perioperative blood loss and decreased hemoglobin levels. The secondary outcome indicators were lower extremity swelling, functional recovery indicators (hospital for special surgery [HSS] scores, range of motion), visual analog scale [VAS] scores, and transfusion rates and safety outcomes, including thromboembolic events, incidence of wound‐related complications, and length of hospital stay. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), post hoc Bonferroni correction, Pearson chi‐square test and Fisher exact test were used for statistical analysis.ResultsPostoperative blood loss was lower in the 1 and 3 g TXA groups (754.00 ± 409.67 mL and 568.70 ± 408.27 mL, respectively) than in the placebo group (977.32 ± 418.69 mL) (p < 0.001). The maximum postoperative decrease in hemoglobin was lower in the 1 and 3 g TXA groups (2.4 ± 0.9 and 1.8 ± 0.9 g/dL, respectively) than in the placebo group (3.1 ± 1.2 g/dL) (p < 0.001). On postoperative Days 1, 2, and 3, the TXA group presented significantly reduced thigh, suprapatellar, and calf swelling and significantly reduced pain scores during exercise. Compared with that in the low‐dose group, perioperative blood loss was further reduced in the high‐dose TXA group (p = 0.006). However, while patients in the TXA group had improved pain scores, Hospital for Special Surgery scores, and joint range of motion at postoperative rest, these differences were not statistically significant. There were no significant differences in thromboembolic events or complication rates among the three groups.ConclusionTopical TXA in total knee arthroplasty was effective in reducing postoperative blood loss by 24%–43% and in reducing postoperative lower extremity swelling and pain during exercise. Higher doses (3 g) of TXA further controlled perioperative blood loss without affecting postoperative lower extremity swelling, and there was no increase in the incidence of related complications during follow‐up.Trial Registration: This study was a single‐center, prospective, randomized controlled trial (RCT). The trial was approved by the Clinical Trials and Biomedical Ethics Committee at our institution (number: 2018.676), all participants provided written informed consent, and the trial was prospectively registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000035271)
The Scandinavian Journal of Economics at 125: a note from the editors
Authors: Harding Torfinn , Rendahl Pontus , Simonsen Marianne , Wengström Erik 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn honor of the 125th year of The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, this paper highlights some of the influential research published here in the last 25 years, considers current trends in the field, and describes a view of the future of this journal in the overall economics research ecosystem.
Inter‐row soil management affecting soil moisture in non‐irrigated vineyard ecosystems: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Horel Ágota , Bakacsi Zsófia , Vass Csaba , Zsigmond Tibor 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSoil moisture or soil water content (SWC) is crucial for ecosystem functioning, affecting plant health and soil quality. Imbalances in soil moisture can result in reduced fruit production and altered soil biotic and abiotic parameters. Vineyards, especially those located on sloping terrains, or in less fertile soils, are highly susceptible to these issues. An effective nature‐based solution to reduce erosion, improve soil health and increase the biodiversity of soils in vineyards is implementing green cover in the inter‐row spaces. However, trade‐offs related to green cover management need to be carefully evaluated to ensure optimal outcomes. Therefore, we conducted a literature review and a meta‐analysis to analyse how soil water content changes when a green cover (perennial grass or cover crops) management method is used in a vineyard compared to no vegetation or tilled inter‐rows. We found 70 data sets concerning soil water content (SWC) in non‐irrigated vineyards involving tillage and green cover. The data revealed that SWC enhancement depends on the type of green cover, as perennial grass (GC) tended to increase SWC (on average by 15%), whereas cover crops (CC) decreased overall SWC (on average by 20%). Sub‐humid climates showed 35%–73% higher SWC compared to semi‐arid research sites. Temperature zones also revealed that the lower (<12°C) average annual air temperature sites had the highest SWC. In general, the highest average SWC in GC also included the highest soil organic carbon (SOC) content and the lowest average bulk density (1.41 g cm−3) in the data set. However, changes in overall bulk density values were not significant among inter‐row soil management. We found that green cover generally increases penetration resistance (22% for GC and 61% for CC) and reduces the saturated hydraulic conductivities of the soils (i.e. 30% for GC and 79% for CC). However, our data set shows high deviations between research sites' values and climatic conditions, and while there are numerous benefits of green cover use in vineyard inter‐rows, site‐specific assessment is highly recommended prior to making changes in management practices.
HBV, HCV and HIV among inmates in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Magri Mariana Cavalheiro , Manchiero Caroline , Dantas Bianca Peixoto , Bernardo Wanderley Marques , Abdala Edson , Tengan Fátima Mitiko 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesHepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affect 340 million people worldwide and have a high impact on vulnerable populations. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to estimate the prevalence of these infections among inmates in Latin America and the Caribbean.MethodsSearches were conducted in Medline, Embase, LILACS and Web of Science databases on 17 May 2024, without time or language restriction, according to PRISMA guidelines. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess the bias risk in the selected studies. Meta‐analysis was performed by using the random‐effects model and heterogeneity between studies was assessed with I2 statistic. Subgroup analyses and meta‐regression were performed to investigate possible sources of heterogeneity.ResultsSeventy‐nine studies were included, encompassing over 230,000 inmates. The estimated prevalences of HBV, HCV and HIV were 1.0% (95% CI: 0.0–1.0), 7.0% (95% CI: 6.0–8.0) and 4.0% (95% CI: 3.0–4.0), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed the following prevalences: HBV among females was 1.0% (95% CI: 0.0–3.0) and among males was 10.0% (95% CI: 3.0–17.0); HCV among females and males was 12.0% (95% CI: 7.0%–17.0%); and HIV among females was 10.0% (95% CI: 5.0–15.0) and among males was 8.0% (95% CI: 6.0–10.0).ConclusionsA substantial proportion of inmates in Latin America and the Caribbean are infected with HBV, HCV or HIV, underscoring the need for viral infection testing, primary care for inmates and increased efforts to promote public health policies for the prison system.
The rise of CLAVATA: evidence for CLAVATA3 and WOX signaling in the fern gametophyte
Authors: Renninger Kelley A. , Yarvis Rebekah M. , Youngstrom Christopher E. , Cheng Chi‐Lien 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARYCLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION (CLE) peptides are 12–13 amino acid‐long peptides that serve as positional signals in plants. The core CLE signaling module consists of a CLE peptide and a leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase, but in flowering plants, WUSCHEL‐RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) transcription factors are also incorporated to form negative feedback loops that regulate stem cell maintenance in the shoot and root. It is not known when WOX genes were co‐opted into CLE signaling pathways, only that mosses and liverworts do not require WOX for CLE‐regulated stem cell activities. We identified 11 CLE‐encoding genes in the Ceratopteris genome, including one (CrCLV3) most similar to shoot meristem CLE peptide CLAVATA3. We performed the first functional characterization of a fern CLE using techniques including RNAi knockdown and synthetic peptide dosage. We found that CrCLV3 promotes cell proliferation and stem cell identity in the gametophyte meristem. Importantly, we provide evidence for CrCLV3 regulation of the WOX gene CrWOXA during the developmental stage when female gametangium formation begins. These discoveries open a new avenue for CLE peptide research in the fern and clarify the evolutionary timeline of CLE‐WOX signaling in land plants.
Relationships Among Physical Self-Concept Profiles, Orthorexia Nervosa, and Exercise Addiction in Crossfitters
Authors: Oliver-López Alejandro , Vega-Díaz Marta , Sáenz Andrea , González-García Higinio 
Published: December 2024

The study aimed to examine physical self-concept profiles in Spanish crossfitters and whether these profiles were related to orthorexia nervosa and exercise addiction. A sample of 208 crossfitters (Mage = 34.46; SD = 9.18; 119 men) completed a series of self-report measures. A latent profile analysis was performed, and two profiles emerged as the most suitable option: (a) an average physical self-concept profile (n = 94) and (b) an average-high physical self-concept profile (n = 114). Results revealed that (b) the average-high self-concept profile showed higher scores in exercise addiction and orthorexia nervosa than (a) the average physical self-concept profile. Furthermore, the chi-square test revealed significant differences between genders in profile pertinence, in which females pertained more to (a) the average self-concept profile. In conclusion, these results contribute to the understanding of physical self-concept in CrossFit athletes, emphasizing the importance of considering individual profiles and gender differences when addressing aspects related to mental health and extreme behaviors in the sporting context.
Assessment of axonal injury in multiple sclerosis: combined analysis of serum light-chain neurofilaments and diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Jalilian Milad , Elhaie Mohammadreza , Sharifi Mohammadreza , Abedi Iraj 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory condition characterised by demyelination and axonal damage in the central nervous system. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) enables non-invasive investigation of microstructural white matter alterations, while serum neurofilament light chain (NFL) holds promise as a fluid biomarker of axonal injury.ObjectivesTo use DTI and serum NFL measurements to evaluate white matter pathology in patients with MS and explore the relationship between in vivo imaging and biochemical indicators of axonal damage.Methods41 patients with relapse-remitting MS and 41 age-matched healthy controls underwent brain MRI including DTI acquisition. Serum samples were analysed for NFL concentrations using ELISA. Region of interest analysis was conducted to derive DTI metrics including fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity. Correlational analyses were used to explore the associations between the imaging and biochemical indices.ResultsPatients exhibited significantly elevated serum NFL levels and altered DTI metrics compared with controls, indicative of axonal/myelin pathology. DTI parameters were positively correlated with serum NFL concentration (p value<0.0001). Visual analogue scale scores demonstrated a significant positive relationship between DTI metrics and NFL, validating their potential as radiological and fluid-based markers of symptom severity.ConclusionsCombined DTI and serum NFL measurements may enhance the evaluation of axonal injury in MS by providing complementary in vivo and biochemical perspectives. The corresponding changes observed between the modalities support their utility as non-invasive biomarkers reflecting pathophysiological processes and clinical status in MS. Larger validation cohorts are needed to determine the clinical applicability.
Drone-based medical delivery in the extreme conditions of Himalayan region: a feasibility study
Authors: Aggarwal Sumit , Nigam Kuldeep , Singh Vikram , Mishra Tanuja , Pandey Ashok Kumar , Kant Rajni , Murhekar Manoj 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionUnmanned aerial vehicles, or drones, have emerged as versatile tools across various sectors, including defence, agriculture, surveillance, mining, infrastructure, emergency response, transportation, geospatial mapping and notably medical supply delivery to challenging terrains. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using drones for delivering essential medical supplies in Keylong, Himachal Pradesh, situated amidst the Middle Himalayan Range, where heavy snowfall during peak winter restricts access to remote regions, posing logistical hurdles for healthcare provision.MethodsThis cross-sectional used a mixed-method approach alongside assessing the drone-based medical delivery. Insights from healthcare workers were documented on sociodemographic characteristics, local healthcare facilities and challenges encountered during drone operations.ResultsA total of 15 sorties were conducted, efficiently transporting 1000 units of medicines and 20 clinical samples. Throughout the drone operation, various technological and health-related challenges were encountered due to the high altitude and the cold weather conditions. Additionally, it has been observed that drones could play a pivotal role in supplementing traditional medical supplies. Particularly, the transportation of the medical supplies in emergency situations and delivery of diagnostic samples from peripheral villages.ConclusionThe study observed that drones present a viable solution for enhancing healthcare accessibility in hard-to-reach regions, particularly for expeditiously delivering diagnostic samples and essential medications during emergencies. The findings underscore the potential of drones to complement existing healthcare systems, providing an efficient means to address logistical challenges in remote areas.
Perceived drivers of the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Mubende and Kassanda districts, Uganda: a qualitative study
Authors: Ninsiima Lesley Rose , Mor Siobhan M , Romano Javier Sánchez , Namakula Lydia Nabawanuka , Kankya Clovice , Kungu Joseph , Mugisha Lawrence , Klein Jörn , Nyakarahuka Luke 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionDuring the most recent Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in Uganda, a cluster of community deaths with epidemiological linkages to the first reported case were identified to have occurred in Mubende, Kassanda and Kampala districts in September 2022. This study aimed to explore perceived drivers of EVD outbreak among affected communities in Mubende and Kassanda districts, Uganda.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive qualitative and participatory epidemiology study using focus group discussions (n=4), in-depth interviews (n=12), key informant interviews (n=12) and participatory landscape mapping. The subcounties of Madudu (Mubende district) and Kikandwa (Kassanda district) were purposively selected within each district because Ebola cases were known to have occurred within these areas. The community expressed their own understanding and perceptions of the drivers of Ebola virus outbreak within these subcounties. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic content analysis in Nvivo V.12 software. Data were analysed using both inductive and deductive approaches, where codes, subthemes and themes in the data were merged with global themes. The results were interpreted in the context of the broader literature on the topic using the social-ecological model and the epidemiological triad using the specific experiences and insights of the study participants. Participant responses were categorised in terms of their themes.ResultsA total of five themes were identified which described the perceived drivers of Ebola virus outbreaks. These included (1) individual: knowledge about EVD (source of the disease and fear due to death of some suspected cases); (2) interpersonal: perceived sources of Ebola virus spillover (ecological, anthropogenic, environmental and cultural); (3) community: impact of EVD to the community (economic loss and survivors lack of support from the government); (4) organisational: health system challenges in outbreaks (delayed laboratory results, poor recording and reporting systems in the facilities and poor surveillance); and (5) policy: recommendations (use of One Health approach and continuous sensitisation).ConclusionsThis study underscores the complex interplay of factors shaping the dynamics of EVD. Understanding Ebola requires not only scientific knowledge but also an appreciation of sociocultural contexts and systemic vulnerabilities within health systems. We therefore recommend comprehensive approaches which integrate scientific expertise with community participation, strengthen health systems and foster collaboration across sectors to mitigate the impact of future outbreaks to address these challenges effectively. Additionally, raising awareness, sensitising the public and safeguarding natural habitats are crucial steps to mitigate the risk of future disease outbreaks.
Handheld fans for dyspnoea in respiratory failure: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Yue Dan , Xie Xuqin , Chen Gaoyu , Luo Zhimei , Fan Linjie , Sun Desheng 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveFan therapy is widely acknowledged as an essential component in the management of dyspnoea with numerous studies supporting its efficacy in alleviating dyspnoea among patients with chronic illnesses. However, there is limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of fan therapy in reducing dyspnoea in patients with respiratory failure undergoing continuous oxygen therapy. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of fan therapy in mitigating dyspnoea in this specific patient population through a randomised controlled trial.MethodsParticipants meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. In the experimental group, a handheld fan (HHF) was directed at the face, while in the control group the fan was aimed at the legs. Both interventions were conducted at a distance of 15–30 cm for 10 min. Key physiological and subjective measures, including heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, facial skin temperature and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, were recorded immediately after fan therapy.ResultsThe experimental group demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in VAS scores (p<0.05) compared with the control group indicating that fan therapy effectively alleviates dyspnoea in patients with respiratory failure receiving continuous oxygen therapy.ConclusionHHFs are affordable, widely accessible and highly effective in relieving dyspnoea with minimal risk. Therefore, fan therapy should be considered as a complementary treatment for patients with respiratory failure and incorporated alongside standard therapeutic interventions for the condition.
Response Mechanism of Nonlinear Energy Sink with Geometrically Nonlinear Damping Attached to Damped Primary System
Authors: Zhao Hongzhen , Li Jing , Zhu Shaotao , Zhang Yufeng 
Published: December 2024

With the increasing performance requirements of vibration suppression devices for precision instruments and structural safety, there is an urgent need to explore efficient and stable vibration absorbers. This paper aims to investigate the response mechanism of a geometrically nonlinear coupled system under harmonic excitation, taking into account the damping of the primary system, which is often overlooked in research. The slow variation equation of the system is derived by the complexification-averaging method, from which the bifurcation analysis is conducted, and the influences of the two types of damping on the bifurcation are thoroughly discussed. Moreover, two motion triggering conditions are analyzed, namely, the threshold for the transition from intra-well periodic to inter-well chaos, and the threshold for the occurrence of strongly modulated response, some typical parameters are selected for numerical verification. Furthermore, the damping dissipation ratio is defined to evaluate the damping efficiency of the system, and the numerical results indicate that the optimal working efficiency can be achieved when the system first performs steady-state motion across two potential energy wells. Finally, the energy spectrum is calculated by the Romberg algorithm to verify the vibration reduction performance of the proposed model.
A Pilot Study on Developed Shoes That Enhance Gait Parameters Without Increasing Muscle Activity
Authors: Abiko Teppei , Murata Shin , Kai Yoshihiro , Nakano Hideki , Sakamoto Masashi , Suzuki Keita , Matsuo Dai , Kawaguchi Michio 
Published: December 2024

This pilot study investigated the potential of a newly developed shoe design to improve gait parameters without altering muscle activity in healthy women. The shoe design features a V‐shaped heel and a high‐elasticity midsole, which are intended to enhance stability during heel contact and promote efficient load transfer throughout the gait cycle. Ten study participants underwent a randomized crossover design, wearing developed and general shoes during the trials. Spatiotemporal gait data and muscle activity were measured to assess the impact of the shoe design developed on gait efficiency. Significant improvements in gait speed, step and stride length, and swing time were observed with the developed shoes, indicating improved gait efficiency. Importantly, these improvements were achieved without significant changes in muscle activity, suggesting that the developed shoe design improves gait efficiency without increasing muscle workload. Considering the limitations of the small sample size and the exploratory nature of this pilot study, further research with a larger cohort is necessary to validate these preliminary findings.Trial Registration: Clinical Trial Registry identifier: UMIN000054260