bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonpharmacologic Interventions for Reducing Blood Pressure in Adults With Prehypertension to Established Hypertension
Authors: Fu Jinming , Liu Yupeng , Zhang Lei , Zhou Lu , Li Dapeng , Quan Hude , Zhu Lin , Hu Fulan , Li Xia , Meng Shuhan , Yan Ran , Zhao Suhua , Onwuka Justina Ucheojor , Yang Baofeng , Sun Dianjun , Zhao Yashuang 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundNonpharmacologic interventions that modify lifestyle can lower blood pressure (BP) and have been assessed in numerous randomized controlled trials and pairwise meta‐analyses. It is still unclear which intervention would be most efficacious.Methods and ResultsBayesian network meta‐analyses were performed to estimate the comparative effectiveness of different interventions for lowering BP. From 60 166 potentially relevant articles, 120 eligible articles (14 923 participants) with a median follow‐up of 12 weeks, assessing 22 nonpharmacologic interventions, were included. According to the surface under the cumulative ranking probabilities and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) quality of evidence, for adults with prehypertension to established hypertension, high‐quality evidence indicated that the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) was superior to usual care and all other nonpharmacologic interventions in lowering systolic BP (weighted mean difference, 6.97 mm Hg; 95% credible interval, 4.50–9.47) and diastolic BP (weighted mean difference, 3.54 mm Hg; 95% credible interval, 1.80–5.28). Compared with usual care, moderate‐ to high‐quality evidence indicated that aerobic exercise, isometric training, low‐sodium and high‐potassium salt, comprehensive lifestyle modification, breathing‐control, and meditation could lower systolic BP and diastolic BP. For patients with hypertension, moderate‐ to high‐quality evidence suggested that the interventions listed (except comprehensive lifestyle modification) were associated with greater systolic BP and diastolic BP reduction than usual care; salt restriction was also effective in lowering both systolic BP and diastolic BP. Among overweight and obese participants, low‐calorie diet and low‐calorie diet plus exercise could lower more BP than exercise.ConclusionsDASH might be the most effective intervention in lowering BP for adults with prehypertension to established hypertension. Aerobic exercise, isometric training, low‐sodium and high‐potassium salt, comprehensive lifestyle modification, salt restriction, breathing‐control, meditation and low‐calorie diet also have obvious effects on BP reduction.
Outcomes of Atrial Arrhythmia Surgery in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Houck Charlotte A. , de Groot Natasja M. S. , Kardys Isabella , Niehot Christa D. , Bogers Ad J. J. C. , Mouws Elisabeth M. J. P. 
Published: September 2020

Background
The improved life expectancy of patients with congenital heart disease is often accompanied by the development of atrial tachyarrhythmias. Similarly, the number of patients requiring redo operations is expected to continue to rise as these patients are aging. Consequently, the role of arrhythmia surgery in the treatment of atrial arrhythmias is likely to become more important in this population. Although atrial arrhythmia surgery is a well‐established part of Fontan conversion procedures, evidence‐based recommendations for arrhythmia surgery for macroreentrant atrial tachycardia and atrial fibrillation in other patients with congenital heart disease are still lacking.

Methods and Results
Twenty‐eight studies were included in this systematic review. The median reported arrhythmia recurrence was 13% (interquartile range, 4%–26%) during follow‐up ranging from 3 months to 15.2 years. A large variation in surgical techniques was observed. Based on the acquired data, biatrial lesions are more effective in the treatment of atrial fibrillation than exclusive right‐sided lesions. Right‐sided lesions may be more appropriate in the treatment of macroreentrant atrial tachycardia; evidence for the superiority of additional left‐sided lesions is lacking. There are not enough data to support the use of exclusive left‐sided lesions. Theoretically, prophylactic atrial arrhythmia surgery may be beneficial in this population, but evidence is currently limited.

Conclusions
To be able to provide recommendations for arrhythmia surgery in patients with congenital heart disease, future studies should report outcomes according to the type of preoperative arrhythmia, underlying congenital heart disease, lesion set, and energy source. This is essential for determining which surgical techniques should ideally be applied under which circumstances.
Rare localization of angiolipoma in the gastrointestinal tract: a case series
Authors: Sun Juan , Kang Weiming , Zeng Ziyang , Zhang Zimu , Wang Xianze 
Published: September 2020

Objective Angiolipoma is a benign tumor that rarely occurs in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This case series was performed to increase clinicians’ understanding of the diagnosis and management of GI angiolipoma. Methods We evaluated the clinical presentations, diagnoses, and treatments of 3 patients with angiolipoma in the upper GI tract in our hospital and 27 cases reported in the literature. Results Among all 30 cases of GI angiolipoma, 2 originated in the esophagus, 4 in the stomach, 2 in the duodenum, 1 in the jejunum, 7 in the ileum, 1 in the cecum, 9 in the colon, 2 in the rectum, and 2 in both the duodenum and colon. Conclusion Angiolipoma of the GI tract may be more likely to occur in middle-aged and elderly men and be located in the ileum and colon. The clinical manifestations generally involve upper GI hemorrhage and lower GI pain and obstruction. Computed tomography and endoscopy may be effective diagnostic techniques, but postoperative histopathologic examination is still the gold standard. The management of angiolipoma in the GI tract depends on the size and type of lesion. Most cases in the present series were managed by complete surgical resection, after which no recurrence was found.
Bone Marrow Stimulation in Arthroscopic Repair for Large to Massive Rotator Cuff Tears With Incomplete Footprint Coverage
Authors: Kim Chul , Lee Yun-Jae , Kim Sung-Jae , Yoon Tae-Hwan , Chun Yong-Min 
Published: September 2020

Background: There is no research on incomplete footprint coverage with single-row repair related to bone marrow stimulation (BMS) in large to massive rotator cuff tears (RCTs). Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to compare the clinical results and structural integrity between BMS and non-BMS groups that underwent arthroscopic repair of large to massive rotator cuff tears with <50% footprint coverage. It was hypothesized that both groups would exhibit improved clinical outcomes at 2 years after surgery but the BMS group would have significantly better clinical outcomes and structural integrity. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This study included 98 patients who underwent arthroscopic repair with <50% footprint coverage for large to massive RCTs with (BMS group; n = 56) or without (non-BMS group; n = 42) BMS. Functional outcomes at the 2-year follow-up were assessed using the visual analog scale for pain score, subjective shoulder value; American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score; University of California, Los Angeles, shoulder score; and active range of motion. Structural integrity was evaluated using magnetic resonance arthrography or computed tomography arthrography results at 6 months postoperatively. Results: At the 2-year follow-up, all functional outcomes significantly improved in both groups compared with preoperative values ( P < .001). However, there were no significant postoperative differences between groups. On follow-up magnetic resonance arthrography or computed tomography arthrography, the overall retear rate was not significantly different between the BMS group (30.3%; 17/56) and the non-BMS group (35.7%; 15/42). Conclusion: While both groups exhibited functional improvement after single-row repair with <50% footprint coverage for large to massive RCTs, BMS did not produce better clinical outcomes or structural integrity.
History of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy as a predictive factor for transfusion requirement in elderly trauma patients in intensive care: A retrospective registry–based cohort analysis
Authors: Kim Se Heon , Sul Young Hoon , Lee Jin Young , Ye Jin Bong , Lee Jin Suk , Kim Hong Rye , Yoon Soo Young , Kim Joong Suck 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: With increased life expectancy, the proportion of elderly trauma admissions has increased. Elderly patients frequently have underlying diseases necessitating anticoagulant/antiplatelet medication, which worsens coagulopathy. We ascertained the relationship between preinjury anticoagulants/antiplatelet medication use and transfusion requirements in patients older than 65 years. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled patients admitted to the trauma intensive care unit of Chungbuk National University Hospital during January 2016 to June 2019. Data on medication history, clinical features, and component transfusions were analyzed with the chi-square test, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and analysis of covariance. Results: Overall, 142 and 324 (overall 466) patients did and did not receive anticoagulant/antiplatelet medication, respectively. Falls were more frequent ( p < 0.001) in the medicated group ( n = 36; 25.4% vs n = 25; 7.7%). Head and neck injuries were more frequent among patients in the medicated group (58.5% vs 46.6%, p = 0.02), and they had a lower Injury Severity Score (ISS; 18.2 vs 20.2, p = 0.03), with no difference in serum hemoglobin level and coagulation function. The non-medicated group received more red blood cell transfusions within 4 h of arrival (2.24 vs 1.42 units, p = 0.03). Post hoc analysis revealed differences in red blood cell transfusions within 4 h of arrival between the non-medicated and warfarin groups (2.24 vs 0.33 units). Patients with head and neck injuries received less red blood cells than patients with other injuries (head and neck 1.07; chest and abdomen 2.73; pelvic and extremity 3.34 units, p < 0.001). On linear regression analysis, the Injury Severity Score and Glasgow Coma Scale score influenced the transfusion volume. Multivariate analysis controlled for Injury Severity Score, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and main injury site showed no intergroup differences in transfusion requirements. Conclusion: Preinjury anticoagulant/antiplatelet medication use was not significantly associated with transfusion amounts in patients older than 65 years.
Vancomycin Dosing Practices among Critical Care Pharmacists: A Survey of Society of Critical Care Medicine Pharmacists
Authors: Flannery Alexander H , Hammond Drayton A , Oyler Douglas R , Li Chenghui , Wong Adrian , Smith Andrew P , Yeo Qiu Min , Chaney Whitney , Pfaff Caitlin E , Plewa-Rusiecki Angela M , Juang Paul 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Critically ill patients and their pharmacokinetics present complexities often not considered by consensus guidelines from the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists. Prior surveys have suggested discordance between certain guideline recommendations and reported infectious disease pharmacist practice. Vancomycin dosing practices, including institutional considerations, have not previously been well described in the critically ill patient population. Objectives: To evaluate critical care pharmacists’ self-reported vancomycin practices in comparison to the 2009 guideline recommendations and other best practices identified by the study investigators. Methods: An online survey developed by the Research and Scholarship Committee of the Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology (CPP) Section of the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) was sent to pharmacist members of the SCCM CPP Section practicing in adult intensive care units in the spring of 2017. This survey queried pharmacists’ self-reported practices regarding vancomycin dosing and monitoring in critically ill adults. Results: Three-hundred and sixty-four responses were received for an estimated response rate of 26%. Critical care pharmacists self-reported largely following the 2009 vancomycin dosing and monitoring guidelines. The largest deviations in guideline recommendation compliance involve consistent use of a loading dose, dosing weight in obese patients, and quality improvement efforts related to systematically monitoring vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity. Variation exists regarding pharmacist protocols and other practices of vancomycin use in critically ill patients. Conclusion: Among critical care pharmacists, reported vancomycin practices are largely consistent with the 2009 guideline recommendations. Variations in vancomycin dosing and monitoring protocols are identified, and rationale for guideline non-adherence with loading doses elucidated.
Modern trabecular metal-backed glenoid components in total shoulder arthroplasty: What is the evidence? A systematic review
Authors: Malahias Michael-Alexander , Chytas Dimitrios , Kostretzis Lazaros , Trellopoulos Angelos , Brilakis Emmanouil , Antonogiannakis Emmanouil 
Published: September 2020

Background A number of papers have been published reporting on the clinical performance of modern trabecular metal-backed glenoid components in total shoulder arthroplasty. However, no systematic review of the literature has been published to date. Methods The US National Library of Medicine (PubMed/MEDLINE), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and EMBASE were queried for publications from January 1980 to October 2019 utilizing keywords pertinent to total shoulder arthroplasty, trabecular metal, and clinical outcomes. Results Overall, seven articles were included for analysis (322 operated shoulders, mean follow-up range: 2–4 years). The survival rate of modern trabecular metal-backed glenoid components was 96% (309 out of 322 cases) at 43 months mean follow-up, while the rate of aseptic loosening was 0.3% (1 out of 322 cases). There were 35 cases (10.9%) with glenoid component radiolucency (one of them required revision), and 37 cases (11.5%) of metal debris formation, with four of them undergoing revision. Conclusions There was low quality evidence to show that the use of modern trabecular metal-backed glenoid components in total shoulder arthroplasty may be safe and effective at short-term follow-up. However, this analysis showed alarmingly high rates of both radiolucency of the glenoid component and metal debris formation which raise concern for potential failure of this glenoid component in the long term. Therefore, we feel that modern trabecular metal-backed glenoid components should be still used with caution as part of a structured surveillance or research program until we know if there is a detriment to the prosthesis in the medium to long term. Level: Systematic review, IV.
Is Less Really More? Economic Evaluation of Minimally Invasive Surgery
Authors: Chung Andrew S. , Ballatori Alexander , Ortega Brandon , Min Elliot , Formanek Blake , Liu John , Hsieh Patrick , Hah Raymond , Wang Jeffrey C. , Buser Zorica 
Published: September 2020

Study Design: Review. Objective: A comparative overview of cost-effectiveness between minimally invasive versus and equivalent open spinal surgeries. Methods: A literature search using PubMed was performed to identify articles of interest. To maximize the capture of studies in our initial search, we combined variants of the terms “cost,” “minimally invasive,” “spine,” “spinal fusion,” “decompression” as either keywords or MeSH terms. PearlDiver database was queried for open and minimally invasive surgery (MIS; endoscopic or percutaneous) reimbursements between Q3 2015 and Q2 2018. Results: In general, MIS techniques appeared to decrease blood loss, shorten hospital lengths of stay, mitigate complications, decrease perioperative pain, and enable quicker return to daily activities when compared to equivalent open surgical techniques. With regard to cost, primarily as a result of these latter benefits, MIS was associated with lower costs of care when compared to equivalent open techniques. However, cost reporting was sparse, and relevant methodology was inconsistent throughout the spine literature. Within the PearlDiver data sets, MIS approaches had lower reimbursements than open approaches for both lumbar posterior fusion and discectomy. Conclusions: Current data suggests that overall cost-savings may be incurred with use of MIS techniques. However, data reporting on costs lacks in uniformity, making it difficult to formulate any firm conclusions regarding any incremental improvements in cost-effectiveness that may be incurred when utilizing MIS techniques when compared to equivalent open techniques.
Acute kidney injury following supine mini-PNL versus retrograde intrarenal surgery in patients with renal stones < 3 cm: a prospective comparative study
Authors: Yığman Metin , Tangal Semih , Candar Tuba , Gökçe Mehmet İlker 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The purpose of the current study was to prospectively compare mini-PNL and RIRS for development of acute kidney injury (AKI), success, and complication rates in a cohort of patients with kidney stones less than 3 cm.

Methods
In this prospective study, data of 60 consecutive patients underwent mini-PNL (n = 31) or RIRS (n = 29) was investigated. Urinary NGAL levels were measured preoperatively and at postoperative 6th hour to evaluate AKI. Success and complication rates were also compared.

Results
The mean stone size was significantly higher in the mini-PNL group (24.6 mm vs. 18.2 mm, p = 0.02). The mean postoperative NGAL levels were 45.6 ± 12.4 and 48.1 ± 13.6 for the mini-PNL and RIRS groups, respectively. The increase was statistically significant for both groups (p: 0.01). The difference between the two groups for mean postoperative NGAL measurements was not statistically significant (p = 0.47). The SFR was significantly higher in the mini-PNL group (96.7% vs. 79.3%, p = 0.04). The complication rates were similar for the two groups (p = 0.99). The mean duration of operation was 48.2 ± 22.5 min in the mini-PNL group and 62.6 ± 18.1 min in the RIRS group (p = 0.03). The median duration of hospitalization was 1 day for both groups.

Conclusions
In patients with renal stones < 3 cm in diameter, mini-PNL in supine position provides higher SFR and shorter operative times with similar rates of complications and AKI when compared with RIRS. Mini-PNL should be considered as the primary treatment option together with RIRS for renal stones and should not be ruled out for being a more invasive option.
Regulation of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression: cholesterol-dependent and – independent signaling pathways with relevance to inflammatory lung disease
Authors: He Patrick , Gelissen Ingrid C. , Ammit Alaina J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe role of the ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in maintaining cellular lipid homeostasis in cardiovascular disease is well established. More recently, the important beneficial role played by ABCA1 in modulating pathogenic disease mechanisms, such as inflammation, in a broad range of chronic conditions has been realised. These studies position ABCA1 as a potential therapeutic target in a diverse range of diseases where inflammation is an underlying cause. Chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are driven by inflammation, and as such, there is now a growing recognition that we need a greater understanding of the signaling pathways responsible for regulation of ABCA1 expression in this clinical context. While the signaling pathways responsible for cholesterol-mediated ABCA1 expression have been clearly delineated through decades of studies in the atherosclerosis field, and thus far appear to be translatable to the respiratory field, less is known about the cholesterol-independent signaling pathways that can modulate ABCA1 expression in inflammatory lung disease. This review will identify the various signaling pathways and ligands that are associated with the regulation of ABCA1 expression and may be exploited in future as therapeutic targets in the setting of chronic inflammatory lung diseases.
Mass radical treatment of a group of foreign workers to mitigate the risk of re-establishment of malaria in Sri Lanka
Authors: Marasinghe Manonath M. , Karunasena Vissundara M. , Seneratne Arundika S. , Herath Hema D. B. , Fernando Deepika , Wickremasinghe Rajitha , Mendis Kamini N. , Ranaweera Dewanee 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Following malaria elimination, Sri Lanka was free from indigenous transmission for six consecutive years, until the first introduced case was reported in December 2018. The source of transmission (index case) was a member of a group of 32 migrant workers from India and the location of transmission was their residence reporting a high prevalence of the primary vector for malaria. Despite extensive vector control the situation was highly susceptible to onward transmission if another of the group developed malaria. Therefore, Mass Radical Treatment (MRT) of the group of workers for Plasmodium vivax malaria was undertaken to mitigate this risk.

Method
The workers were screened for malaria by microscopy and RDT, their haemoglobin level assessed, and tested for Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) using the Care Start RDT and Brewers test prior to treatment with chloroquine (CQ) 25 mg/kg body weight (over three days) and primaquine (PQ) (0.25 mg/kg/day bodyweight for 14 days) following informed consent. All were monitored for adverse events.

Results
None of the foreign workers were parasitaemic at baseline screening and their haemoglobin levels ranged from 9.7–14.7 g/dl. All 31 individuals (excluding the index case treated previously) were treated with the recommended dose of CQ. The G6PD test results were inconclusive in 45% of the RDT results and were discrepant between the two tests in 31% of the remaining test events. Seven workers who tested G6PD deficient in either test were excluded from PQ and the rest, 24 workers, received PQ. No serious adverse events occurred.

Conclusions
Mass treatment may be an option in prevention of reintroduction settings for groups of migrants who are likely to be carrying latent malaria infections, and resident in areas of high receptivity. However, in the case of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale, a more reliable and affordable point-of-care test for G6PD activity would be required. Most countries which are eliminating malaria now are in the tropical zone and face considerable and similar risks of malaria re-introduction due to massive labour migration between them and neighbouring countries. Regional elimination of malaria should be the focus of global strategy if malaria elimination from countries is to be worthwhile and sustainable.