bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Donor‐dominant one‐way matching of human leukocyte antigen‐A/B/DR alleles predicts graft‐versus‐host disease following living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Hirata Masaaki , Yagi Shintaro , Shindo Takero , Yoshizawa Atsushi , Kiguchi Gozo , Kaneshiro Masakatsu , Yurugi Kimiko , Miyachi Yosuke , Iwamura Sena , Yao Siyuan , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: October 2020

AimGraft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) following liver transplantation is rare but fatal. Therefore, it is important to identify possible risk factors before transplantation. Although it has been suggested that donor‐dominant one‐way human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching of three loci (HLA‐A/B/DR) is associated with the occurrence of GVHD, the precise significance of HLA matching including HLA‐C/DQ/DP remains unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the impact of donor‐dominant one‐way HLA matching at six HLA loci at the allele level on GVHD using clinical registry data from 1759 cases who underwent living donor liver transplantation between June 1990 and June 2019. We extracted cases with donor‐dominant one‐way HLA matching at the antigen level and reconfirmed them at the allele level using preserved DNA samples.ResultsThree of four cases (75%) who developed GVHD showed donor‐dominant one‐way HLA matching at three HLA‐A/B/DR loci. These cases also showed donor‐dominant one‐way HLA matching at HLA‐C/DQ/DP. Three of six cases (50%) with donor‐dominant one‐way HLA matching at three loci of HLA‐A/B/DR developed GVHD. Notably, none of the cases with donor‐dominant one‐way HLA matching at one or two HLA‐A/B/DR loci developed GVHD, irrespective of matching status at HLA‐C/DQ/DP. The HLA matching status at the antigen level was revised in 22 of 56 cases, following reconfirmation at the allele level.ConclusionsPairing of donors and recipients with donor‐dominant one‐way HLA matching at three HLA‐A/B/DR loci should be avoided to prevent GVHD. No impact of HLA‐C/DQ/DP on GVHD was identified. For liver transplantation, HLA genotypes should be determined at the allele level.
Performance of Thailand’s universal health coverage scheme: Evaluating the effectiveness of annual public hearings
Authors: Kantamaturapoj Kanang , Marshall Aniqa I. , Chotchoungchatchai Somtanuek , Kiewnin Kamonwan , Patcharanarumol Walaiporn , Tangcharoensathien Viroj 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundLegislative provisions in Thailand's National Health Security Act 2002 mandate annual public hearings for providers, beneficiaries and other stakeholders in order to improve the performance of the Universal Health Coverage Scheme (UCS).ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the annual public hearing process, evaluate its effectiveness and propose recommendations for improvement.MethodIn‐depth interviews were conducted with 29 key informants from various stakeholder groups involved in annual public hearings.ResultsThe evaluation showed that the public hearings fully met the criteria of influence over policy decision and partially met the criteria of appropriate participation approach and social learning. However, there are rooms for improvement on public hearing's inclusiveness and representativeness of participants, adequacy of information and transparency.ConclusionsThree recommendations were proposed a) informing stakeholders in advance of the agenda and hearing process to enable their active participation; b) identifying experienced facilitators to navigate the discussions across stakeholders with different or conflicting interests, in order to reach consensus and prioritize recommendations; and c) communicating policy and management responses as a result of public hearings to all stakeholders in a timely manner.
Natural cause mortality of mental health consumers: A 10‐year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Suggett Joanne , Foster Kim , Lakra Vinay , Steele Michael , Furness Trentham 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPeople with mental illness have substantially lower life expectancy than the general population, with mortality from natural causes most commonly attributed to cardiovascular diseases. The study aim was to identify characteristics of consumers who died of natural causes between 2009 and 2018 at one of Australia’s largest publicly funded mental health services. Data were collected with a retrospective medical record review of 102 consumers. Mean mortality age was 52.4 years (SD = 10.7) (with females 51.9 years [SD = 12.0], and males 52.7 years [SD = 9.9]), which was more than 30 years lower than the Australian population. Cardiovascular diseases were the most frequent mortality cause (39%), followed by respiratory conditions (23%), cancers (20%), and all other causes (19%). Sixty (61%) consumers had at least three co‐occurring physical health conditions. Seventy‐five (74%) smoked tobacco. Consumers who died from cardiovascular diseases were less likely to attend specialist medical follow‐up for their condition (P = 0.004), and more likely to die at home (P = 0.001). Consumers whose mortality age was above 55 years were more likely to have three co‐occurring physical health conditions (P = 0.034). Consumers whose mortality age was below 55 years were more likely to have sub‐optimal nutritional intake (P = 0.014) and higher body mass index (P = 0.008). There is a critical need to close the life expectancy gap for consumers. This requires dedicated focus on reducing mortality risk due to modifiable clinical characteristics which lead to consumer mortality. Mental health nurses play a key role in helping reduce consumers’ mortality and morbidity risk through prevention and early intervention strategies.
Efficacy and safety outcomes of one generic nifedipine versus ADALAT long‐acting nifedipine for hypertension management
Authors: Tung Ying‐Chang , Hsu Tzyy‐Jer , Lin Chia‐Pin , Hsiao Fu‐Chih , Chu You‐Chia , Chen Wen‐Jone , Chu Pao‐Hsien 
Published: October 2020

AbstractData regarding the long‐term outcomes of generic antihypertensive drugs are limited. This nationwide retrospective database analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a generic versus brand‐name nifedipine for hypertension treatment. Patients who were prescribed generic or brand‐name nifedipine between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2013, were identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. The efficacy outcomes included all‐cause mortality and the composite cardiovascular (CV) outcome, including CV death, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, non‐fatal stroke, coronary revascularization, and hospitalization for heart failure. Safety outcomes included headache, peripheral edema, constipation, acute kidney injury, hypotension, syncope, new diagnosis of cancer, and cancer death. Among the 98 335 patients who were eligible for analysis, 21 087 (21.4%) were prescribed generic nifedipine. Both the generic and the brand‐name groups included 21 087 patients after propensity score matching. At a mean follow‐up of 4.1 years, the generic nifedipine was comparable to the brand‐name drug with regard to all‐cause mortality (7.2% vs. 7.1%; hazard ratio [HR] 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95–1.09) and the composite CV outcomes (11.6% vs. 11.9%; HR 0.97; 95% CI 0.92–1.03). The generic nifedipine was associated with higher rates of headache, peripheral edema, and constipation but a modest reduction in the risk of newly diagnosed cancer (7.1% vs. 7.8%; subdistribution HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.84–0.97). The risks of acute kidney injury, hypotension, syncope, and cancer death were not significantly different between the two groups. In conclusion, the generic nifedipine was comparable to the brand‐name drug with regard to the risks of all‐cause mortality and the composite CV outcome. The finding of cancer risk could be chance and should be interpreted with caution.
m6A methyltransferase METTL3 promotes retinoblastoma progression via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Zhang Han , Zhang Ping , Long Chongde , Ma Xinqi , Huang Hao , Kuang Xielan , Du Han , Tang Han , Ling Xiangtian , Ning Jie , Liu Huijun , Deng Xizhi , Zou Yuxiu , Wang Renchun , Cheng Hao , Lin Shuibin , Zhang Qingjiong , Yan Jianhua , Shen Huangxuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRetinoblastoma (RB) is a common intraocular malignancy in children. Due to the poor prognosis of RB, it is crucial to search for efficient diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Studies have shown that methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3), a major RNA N (6)‐adenosine methyltransferase, is closely related to the initiation and development of cancers. Nevertheless, whether METTL3 is associated with RB remains unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the function and mechanisms of METTL3 in the regulation of RB progression. We manipulated METTL3 expression in RB cells. Then, cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were analysed. We also analysed the expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway members. Finally, we incorporated subcutaneous xenograft mouse models into our studies. The results showed that METTL3 is highly expressed in RB patients and RB cells. We found that METTL3 knockdown decreases cell proliferation, migration and invasion of RB cells, while METTL3 overexpression promotes RB progression in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, two downstream members of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, P70S6K and 4EBP1, were affected by METTL3. Our study revealed that METTL3 promotes the progression of RB through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways in vitro and in vivo. Targeting the METTL3/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling axis could be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of RB.
Evidence‐based topical treatments (azelaic acid, salicylic acid, nicotinamide, sulfur, zinc, and fruit acid) for acne: an abridged version of a Cochrane systematic review
Authors: Liu Haibo , Yu Haiyan , Xia Jun , Liu Ling , Liu Guanjian , Sang Hong , Peinemann Frank 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe effects of topical azelaic acid, salicylic acid, nicotinamide, sulfur, zinc, and fruit acid (alpha‐hydroxy acid) for acne are unclear. We aimed to assess the effects of these topical treatments by collecting randomized controlled trials.MethodsWe searched The Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and LILACS up to May 2019. We also searched five trials registers. Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Meta analyses were performed by using Review Manager 5 software.ResultsWe included a total of 49 trials involving 3880 participants. In terms of treatment response (measured using participants’ global self‐assessment of acne improvement, PGA), azelaic acid was probably less effective than benzoyl peroxide (RR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.72‐0.95). However, there was probably little or no difference in PGA when comparing azelaic acid to tretinoin (RR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.78‐1.14). There may be little or no difference when comparing salicylic acid to tretinoin (RR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.92‐1.09). There were no studies measured PGA when evaluating nicotinamide. With respect to alpha‐hydroxy acid, there may be no difference in PGA when comparing glycolic acid to salicylic‐mandelic acid (RR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.88‐1.26). We were uncertain about the effects of sulfur and zinc. Adverse events associated with these topical treatments were always mild and transient.ConclusionsModerate‐quality evidence was available for azelaic acid and low‐ to very‐low‐quality evidence for other topical treatments. Risk of bias and imprecision limit our confidence in the evidence.
Temperature Screening for SARS‐CoV‐2 in Nursing Homes: Evidence from Two National Cohorts
Authors: McConeghy Kevin W. , White Elizabeth , Panagiotou Orestis A. , Santostefano Christopher , Halladay Christopher , Feifer Richard A. , Blackman Carolyn , Rudolph James L. , Mor Vince , Gravenstein Stefan 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESInfection screening tools classically define fever as 38.0°C (100.4°F). Frail older adults may not mount the same febrile response to systemic infection as younger or healthier individuals. We evaluate temperature trends among nursing home (NH) residents undergoing diagnostic SARS‐CoV‐2 testing and describe the diagnostic accuracy of temperature measurements for predicting test‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study evaluating diagnostic accuracy of pre–SARS‐CoV‐2 testing temperature changes.SETTINGTwo separate NH cohorts tested diagnostically (e.g., for symptoms) for SARS‐CoV‐2.PARTICIPANTSVeterans residing in Veterans Affairs (VA) managed NHs and residents in a private national chain of community NHs.MEASUREMENTSFor both cohorts, we determined the sensitivity, specificity, and Youden's index with different temperature cutoffs for SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction results.RESULTSThe VA cohort consisted of 1,301 residents in 134 facilities from March 1, 2020, to May 14, 2020, with 25% confirmed for SARS‐CoV‐2. The community cohort included 3,368 residents spread across 282 facilities from February 18, 2020, to June 9, 2020, and 42% were confirmed for SARS‐CoV‐2. The VA cohort was younger, less White, and mostly male. A temperature testing threshold of 37.2°C has better sensitivity for SARS‐CoV‐2, 76% and 34% in the VA and community NH, respectively, versus 38.0°C with 43% and 12% sensitivity, respectively.CONCLUSIONA definition of 38.0°C for fever in NH screening tools should be lowered to improve predictive accuracy for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Stakeholders should carefully consider the impact of adopting lower testing thresholds on testing availability, cost, and burden on staff and residents. Temperatures alone have relatively low sensitivity/specificity, and we advocate any threshold be used as part of a screening tool, along with other signs and symptoms of infection.
Identification of sources of resistance to common bacterial blight in common bean in Ethiopia
Authors: Tumsa Kidane , Shimelis Hussein , Laing Mark , Mukankusi Clare , Mathew Isack 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCommon bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli and X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli var. fuscans is one of the major biotic constraints limiting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production and productivity in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to identify new sources of CBB resistance from a diverse panel of genotypes to develop CBB‐resistant common bean varieties. One hundred and ten diverse accessions were evaluated for CBB resistance at three hotspot sites (Melkassa, Arsi Negelle and Mieso) for two seasons (2017 and 2018) in Ethiopia. Data on mean disease severity on leaf (SL) and mean disease severity on pod (SP), the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), number of pods per plant (PP), number of seeds per pod (SPP) and grain yield (GY) were collected. Data were subjected to standard analysis of variance and principal component analysis. The genotype × site interaction (G × E) had significant (p < .05) effect on all assessed traits. This indicated the presence of marked variation among tested genotypes in CBB resistance across the testing sites. Genotypes including SEC21, SEC23, SMC21, VAX6, SEC12, SEC25, SMC22, VAX5, SEC20, SEC22, SEC24, SEC26, SMC16 SMC24, VAX6, SEC25, SEC21, SEC23 and SMC21 exhibited lower values of SL, SP and AUDPC which are useful genetic resources for future CBB resistance breeding programmes. Nasir provided a grain yield of 3.45 ton/ha followed by VAX1 (2.86 ton/ha) and Hawassa Dume (2.83 ton/ha). Further, CBB‐resistant and high yielding genotypes had the higher PPP and SPP making them ideal candidates for common bean breeding in Ethiopia or similar agro‐ecologies emphasizing CBB resistance and enhanced agronomic traits.
Clinical utility of liver biopsies in dogs undergoing splenectomy
Authors: Clarke E. , Levien A. S. , Bennett R. A. , Perry S. , Daniel G. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of neoplasia detected on liver biopsy obtained at the time of splenectomy in dogs with splenic masses.Materials and MethodsRetrospective study of medical records of dogs with splenic masses from which liver biopsies were taken following splenectomy.ResultsMalignant splenic neoplasia was detected in 50 of 113 (44.2%) of the dogs undergoing splenectomy. Neoplastic liver disease was detected on biopsy from 1 of 40 (2.5%) dogs with a grossly normal liver and from 20 of 69 (28.9%) dogs with a grossly abnormal liver. Dogs with a grossly abnormal liver had a ~ 16 times (95% CI: 2.5‐170) higher chance of being diagnosed with liver neoplasia on biopsy. Haemoabdomen was also associated with an increased likelihood of liver neoplasia on biopsy at the time of splenectomy.Clinical SignificanceA liver biopsy taken from grossly normal liver is a low‐yield diagnostic test but liver biopsy is recommended following splenectomy if the liver appears abnormal at surgery.
Evaluation of renal and hepatic blood value screening before non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug administration in dogs
Authors: Chalifoux N. V. , Kaiman G. , Drobatz K. J. , Thawley V. J. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the potential association between signalment, history and physical examination findings and elevated renal and hepatic blood values before non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug administration in dogs. Secondary objectives were to investigate clinicopathologic differences between dogs that were and were not prescribed a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug.Materials and MethodsMedical records of 81 dogs that underwent renal and hepatic blood value screening before drug administration via a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug blood panel were reviewed retrospectively. Patient signalment, history and physical examination findings were recorded.ResultsSix (7%) dogs had an elevated blood urea nitrogen, 2 (2%) dogs had an elevated creatinine, 24 (30%) dogs had an elevated alanine aminotransferase, 29 (36%) had an elevated aspartate aminotransferase and 14 (17%) had an elevated alkaline phosphatase. Forty‐five (56%) dogs had an elevation in at least 1 renal or hepatic blood value. Dogs less than 8 years of age and with a longer duration of clinical signs were less likely to have an elevated renal or hepatic blood value. Dogs with elevated hepatic blood values were less likely to be prescribed a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug; however, this was not true for elevated renal parameters alone.Clinical SignificanceThe results of this preliminary study suggest that blood value screening before non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug administration may be important for dogs greater than 8 years of age. Hepatic enzyme elevations may play a greater role in clinical decision making in comparison to renal parameters.
Longitudinal relations between sleep and cognitive functioning in children: Self‐esteem as a moderator
Authors: Saini Ekjyot K. , Gillis Brian T. , Elmore‐Staton Lori , Buckhalt Joseph A. , El‐Sheikh Mona 
Published: October 2020

SummaryShort and poor‐quality sleep disrupt cognitive functioning, yet associations vary across studies, underscoring the importance of examining individual differences and moderators of risk. Utilizing a multi‐method, two‐wave longitudinal design, we examined self‐esteem as a moderator of relations between actigraphy‐derived sleep duration (minutes) and quality (efficiency, long‐wake episodes) and children's cognitive functioning 1 year later. During the first study wave (T1), participants were 243 children (47% female) with a mean age of 10.4 years (SD = 8.0 months). The sample was representative of its community, with 37% identifying as Black/African American and 63% White/European American. Children completed a self‐esteem measure and wore actigraphs for seven consecutive nights. Participants returned to the lab 1 year later and completed a standardized assessment of cognitive functioning. Results indicated that self‐esteem moderated longitudinal associations between sleep quality and cognitive functioning. Specifically, children with both better sleep quality and higher self‐esteem performed better relative to other children in the sample.
Functional characterization of the HMP‐P synthase of Legionella pneumophila (Lpg1565)
Authors: Paxhia Michael D. , Swanson Michele S. , Downs Diana M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe production of the pyrimidine moiety in thiamine synthesis, 2‐methyl‐4‐amino‐5‐hydroxymethylpyrimidine phosphate (HMP‐P), has been described to proceed through the Thi5‐dependent pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other yeast. Previous work found that ScThi5 functioned poorly in a heterologous context. Here we report a bacterial ortholog to the yeast HMP‐P synthase (Thi5) was necessary for HMP synthesis in Legionella pneumophila. Unlike ScThi5, LpThi5 functioned in vivo in Salmonella enterica under multiple growth conditions. The protein LpThi5 is a dimer that binds pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate (PLP), apparently without a solvent‐exposed Schiff base. A small percentage of LpThi5 protein co‐purifies with a bound molecule that can be converted to HMP. Analysis of variant proteins both in vivo and in vitro confirmed that residues in sequence motifs conserved across bacterial and eukaryotic orthologs modulate the function of LpThi5.ImportanceThiamine is an essential vitamin for the vast majority of organisms. There are multiple strategies to synthesize and salvage this vitamin. The predominant pathway for synthesis of the pyrimidine moiety of thiamine involves the Fe‐S cluster protein ThiC. An alternative pathway utilizes Thi5, a novel enzyme that uses PLP as a substrate. The Thi5‐dependent pathway is poorly characterized in yeast and has not been characterized in Bacteria. Here we demonstrate that a Thi5‐dependent pathway is necessary for thiamine biosynthesis in Legionella pneumophila and provide biochemical data to extend knowledge of the Thi5 enzyme, the corresponding biosynthetic pathway, and the role of metabolic network architecture in optimizing its function.
Frequent attenders' experiences of encounters with healthcare personnel: A systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Huhtakangas Moona , Tuomikoski Anna‐Maria , Kyngäs Helvi , Kanste Outi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRather than measure demographic factors such as socioeconomics, the aim of this study was to examine the lived experience of frequent attenders by synthesizing findings on their encounters with healthcare personnel. The Scopus, CINAHL, PsycARTICLES, and PubMed (Medline) databases were searched in May 2020 in order to screen studies by title and abstract (n = 1794) and full‐text (n = 20). Findings from the included studies (n = 6) were then pooled using meta‐aggregation, yielding the following results: difficulties in resolving frequent attenders' situations may create “service circles,” frustrating patients with their situation; frequent attenders' own expertise regarding their condition should be recognized and valued alongside that of healthcare professionals when performing collaborative care; a lack of empathy and disparagement may make frequent attenders feel misunderstood and unappreciated; frequent attenders should be recognized as individuals by taking their circumstances into account and providing support accordingly. Frequent attenders' experiences demonstrate the importance of shared decision‐making, continuity of care, and acknowledging these patients' individual circumstances. Identifying the variety of frequent attenders' service needs by synthesizing their experiences is a practical way of organizing patient‐centered healthcare services.