bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Catalytic Synthesis of Methyl Lactate and Lactic Acid from Sugars and Their Derivatives
Authors: Mäki‐Arvela Päivi , Aho Atte , Murzin Dmitry Yu. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent developments in sugar transformations to methyl lactate and lactic acid are critically summarized. The highest yield of methyl lactate from glucose obtained over Sn(salen)/octylmethyl imidazolium bromide catalyst was 68 % at 160 °C whereas the highest yield of lactic acid of 58 % was achieved over hierarchical Lewis acidic Sn‐Beta catalysts at 200 °C under inert atmosphere. In addition to the desired products also humins are formed in water whereas in methanol alkyl glucosides‐ and ‐fructosides as well as acetals were generated, especially in the presence of Brønsted‐acidic sites. The main challenges limiting the industrial feasibility of these reactions are incomplete liquid phase mass balance closure, complicated product analysis and a lack of kinetic data. In addition to reporting optimized reaction conditions and catalyst properties also catalyst reuse and regeneration as well as kinetic modelling and continuous operation are summarized.
Boosting Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation by Creating Defects and Lattice‐Oxygen Active Sites on Ni‐Fe Nanosheets
Authors: Chen Chi , Zhang Peili , Wang Mei , Zheng Dehua , Chen Junchi , Li Fusheng , Wu Xiujuan , Fan Ke , Sun Licheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLayered nickel‐iron oxide/hydroxide nanosheets have proven to be the most efficient catalyst for the water oxidation reaction. Introducing structural defects to the nanosheets is a particularly attractive method for increasing the number of active sites and tailoring the intrinsic electronic properties. Herein, defects were introduced on Ni−Fe nanosheets through sequentially electrodoping and dedoping the surface of the material with tetramethylammonium ions. The as‐prepared defect‐rich Ni−Fe nanosheets showed an enhanced catalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) compared with conventional NiFe layered double hydroxides (LDHs), exhibiting an overpotential of only 172 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2. The relationship between pH and OER activity indicated that the lattice oxygens participated in the catalytic OER process as active sites. This work provides new insights into the understanding of the structure‐activity relationship of layered materials and helps to develop new methods to implement defects on such frameworks aided by organic molecules.
Metal‐Organic Framework‐Derived Fe‐Doped Co1.11Te2 Embedded in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotube for Water Splitting
Authors: He Bin , Wang Xin‐Chao , Xia Li‐Xue , Guo Yue‐Qi , Tang Ya‐Wen , Zhao Yan , Hao Qing‐Li , Yu Tao , Liu Hong‐Ke , Su Zhi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA rational design is reported of Fe‐doped cobalt telluride nanoparticles encapsulated in nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotube frameworks (Fe‐Co1.11Te2@NCNTF) by tellurization of Fe‐etched ZIF‐67 under a mixed H2/Ar atmosphere. Fe‐doping was able to effectively modulate the electronic structure of Co1.11Te2, increase the reaction activity, and further improve the electrochemical performance. The optimized electrocatalyst exhibited superior hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performances in an alkaline electrolyte with low overpotentials of 107 and 297 mV with a current density of 10 mA cm−2, in contrast to the undoped Co1.11Te2@NCNTF (165 and 360 mV, respectively). The overall water splitting performance only required a voltage of 1.61 V to drive a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Density function theory (DFT) calculations indicated that the Fe‐doping not only afforded abundant exposed active sites but also decreased the hydrogen binding free energy. This work provided a feasible way to study non‐precious‐metal catalysts for an efficient overall water splitting.
Fast and Chemoselective Addition of Highly Polarized Lithium Phosphides Generated in Deep Eutectic Solvents to Aldehydes and Epoxides
Authors: Cicco Luciana , Fombona‐Pascual Alba , Sánchez‐Condado Alba , Carriedo Gabino A. , Perna Filippo M. , Capriati Vito , Presa Soto Alejandro , García‐Álvarez Joaquín 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHighly polarized lithium phosphides (LiPR2) were synthesized, for the first time, in deep eutectic solvents as sustainable reaction media, at room temperature and in the absence of protecting atmosphere, through direct deprotonation of both aliphatic and aromatic secondary phosphines (HPR2) by n‐BuLi. The subsequent addition of in‐situ generated LiPR2 to aldehydes or epoxides proceeded quickly and chemoselectively, thereby allowing the straightforward access to the corresponding α‐ or β‐hydroxy phosphine oxides, respectively, under air and at room temperature (bench conditions), which are traditionally considered as textbook‐prohibited conditions in the field of polar organometallic chemistry of s‐block elements.
Direct Transformation of Glycerol to Propanal using Zirconium Phosphate‐Supported Bimetallic Catalysts
Authors: Gong Honghui , Zhou Chuan , Cui Yan , Dai Sheng , Zhao Xiuge , Luo Ruihan , An Pengfei , Li Huan , Wang Haifeng , Hou Zhenshan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSelective transformation of glycerol to propanal (PA) provides a feasible route towards the sustainable synthesis of high value‐added chemicals. In this work, zirconium phosphate (ZrP) was studied as support and Ru and Co as metal sites for glycerol hydrogenolysis in a continuous‐flow reactor. It was found that ZrP‐supported Co−O species had a moderate selectivity to PA (49.5 %) in glycerol hydrogenolysis. Notably, once Ru species were doped into CoO/ZrP, the resulting catalyst exhibited not only an outstanding catalytic performance for glycerol hydrogenolysis to PA (a selectivity of 80.2 % at full conversion), but also a high stability at least a 50 h long‐term performance. The spent catalyst could be regenerated by calcining in air to remove carbonaceous deposits. Characterization indicated that the acid sites on ZrP played a very critical role in the dehydration of glycerol into acrolein (AE), that the distribution of Co was uniform, basically consistent with that of Zr, P and Ru, and that an especially close contact between Co−O and Ru species was formed on Ru/CoO/ZrP catalyst. The further activity tests and characterizations confirmed that there was a strong interaction between the dispersed Co−O species and Ru0 nanoparticles, which endowed Ru sites with high electronic density. This effect could play a role in facilitating the dissociation of H2, and thus in promoting the hydrogenation reaction. Besides, DFT calculations suggested that the Co−O species can adsorb more strongly the C=C bond of the intermediate AE on a highly coordinatively unsaturated Co (Cocus) site and thus lead to preferential hydrogenation at the C=C bond of AE to PA.
Targeting CD83 in mantle cell lymphoma with anti‐human CD83 antibody
Authors: Li Ziduo , Abadir Edward , Lee Kenneth , Clarke Candice , Bryant Christian E , Cooper Wendy , Pietersz Geoffrey , Favaloro James , Silveira Pablo A , NJ Hart Derek , Ju Xinsheng , Clark Georgina J 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesEffective antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) provide potent targeted cancer therapies. CD83 is expressed on activated immune cells including B cells and is a therapeutic target for Hodgkin lymphoma. Our objective was to determine CD83 expression on non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and its therapeutic potential to treat mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) which is currently an incurable NHL.MethodsWe analysed CD83 expression on MCL cell lines and the lymph node/bone marrow biopsies of MCL patients. We tested the killing effect of CD83 ADC in vitro and in an in vivo xenograft MCL mouse model.ResultsCD83 is expressed on MCL, and its upregulation is correlated with the nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) activation. CD83 ADC kills MCL in vitro and in vivo. Doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (CP), which are included in the current treatment regimen for MCL, enhance the NF‐κB activity and increase CD83 expression on MCL cell lines. The combination of CD83 ADC with doxorubicin and CP has synergistic killing effect of MCL.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that a novel immunotherapeutic agent CD83 ADC, in combination with chemotherapy, has the potential to enhance the efficacy of current treatments for MCL.
SOS: Socially omitting selfishness in IoT for smart and connected communities
Authors: Rehman Ghani ur , Ghani Anwar , Zubair Muhammad , Saeed Muhammad Imran , Singh Dhananjay 
Published: July 2020

SummarySmart and connected communities (SCC) is an emerging field of internet of things (IoT), and it has potential applications to improve human life. The improvement may be in terms of preservation, revitalization, livability, and sustainability of a community. The resources of the nodes and devices in the SCC have certain constraints that may not allow the devices and nodes to cooperate to save their resources such as memory, energy, and buffer, or simply maximize their performance. Thus, to stimulate the nodes to avoid selfish behavior, SSC needs a novel and well‐organized solution to motivate nodes for cooperation. This article aims to resolve the issue of selfish behaviors in SCC and to encourage the nodes for cooperation. A novel mechanism, socially omitting selfishness (SOS), has been proposed to manage/eradicate selfishness using a socially oriented election process. The election process elects different heads based on weight and cooperation (using Vickrey, Clarke, and Groves model). The election of heads and incentive mechanism encourages the nodes to show participation and behave as highly cooperative members of the community. Furthermore, an extended version of the Dempster Shafer model has been used to discourage the selfish behavior of the participating nodes in the SOS scheme. It uses different monitoring and gateway nodes to efficiently employ the proposed scheme. A mathematical model has been developed for the aforementioned aspects and simulated through NS2 simulation environment to analyze the performance of SOS. The results of the proposed scheme outperform the contemporary schemes in terms of average delivery delay, packet delivery ratio, throughput, and average energy.
HSDN‐GRA: A hybrid software‐defined networking‐based geographic routing protocol with multi‐agent approach
Authors: Alouache Lylia , Nguyen Nga , Aliouat Makhlouf , Chelouah Rachid 
Published: July 2020

SummaryWe propose in this paper a Hybrid Software‐Defined Networking‐based Geographical Routing Protocol (HSDN‐GRA) with a clustering approach. It takes into account three different criteria to select the best relay to send data: (1) the contact duration between vehicles, (2) the available load of each vehicle, (3) and the log of encountered communication errors embedded in each cluster head. The multi‐criteria strategy allows the selection of the most reliable vehicles by avoiding communication problems and ensuring connection availability. Once the hybrid control plane has found out the next eligible neighbor, the data plane will be in charge of dividing and sending data. To validate our approach, HSDN‐GRA has been modeled and implemented in JADE, a multi‐agent platform, to be compared to other multi‐agent based protocols. Simulation results show that HSDN‐GRA achieves good performance with respect to the average routing overhead, the packet drop rate, and the throughput.
Exploring context dependency in eco‐evolutionary patterns with the stick insect Timema cristinae
Authors: Montejo‐Kovacevich Gabriela , Farkas Timothy , Beckerman Andrew , Nosil Patrik 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRapid evolution can influence the ecology of populations, communities, and ecosystems, but the importance of evolution for ecological dynamics remains unclear, largely because the contexts in which evolution is powerful are poorly resolved. Here, we carry out a large observational study to test hypotheses about context dependency of eco‐evolutionary patterns previously identified on the stick insect Timema cristinae. Experiments and observations conducted in 2011 and 2012 documented predator‐mediated negative effects of camouflage maladaptation (i.e., evolutionary dynamics) on: (a) T. cristinae abundance and, (b) species richness and abundance of other arthropods. Here we show that camouflage maladaptation does not correlate with T. cristinae abundance and, instead, is associated with increased abundance and species richness of cohabitating arthropods. We furthermore find that plants with high levels of Timema maladaptation tend to have higher foliar nitrogen, that is, higher nutritional value, and more positive mass‐abundance slopes in the coexisting arthropod communities. We propose explanations for the observed contrasting results, such as negative density‐ and frequency‐dependent selection, feedbacks between herbivore abundance and plant nutritional quality, and common effects of predation pressure on selection and prey abundance. Our results demonstrate the utility of observational studies to assess the context dependency of eco‐evolutionary dynamics patterns and provide testable hypotheses for future work.
Research on design and optimization of the pitching float wave energy converter
Authors: Ma Yong , Ai Shan , Yang Lele , Zhang Aiming , Liu Sen , Zhou Binghao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWave power generation has been the object of extensive renewable energy research and development all over the world. Concerning the application of a wave energy converter to the harsh environment of the South China Sea, a study of the shape and internal layout of a pitching float wave energy converter was performed based on the mechanism of the oscillating‐float generator. Research methods based on potential flow theory and the use of ANSYS‐AQWA software were applied to predict the hydrodynamic performance and energy conversion of the pitching float wave energy converter. The influence of the float shape, width, side radius, and centroid position on the hydrodynamic performance of the float was analyzed. The results show that the pitching performance of the spherical‐bottom float was the best among the three basic shapes examined. The width of the float had the greatest impact on the pitching performance of the float, and the effect of the radius of the float on the pitching performance was also significant. The pitching performance of the float was improved with the realization of a larger radius in the pitching direction. The centroid position and rotational inertia also had a great impact on the pitching performance of the float. The wave energy converter designed in this study lays the foundation and provides reference for further research on the novel, efficient, and stable wave energy converter.
Valorization of the green waste parts from sweet potato (Impoea batatas L.): Nutritional, phytochemical composition, and bioactivity evaluation
Authors: Hong Jingyang , Mu Taihua , Sun Hongnan , Richel Aurore , Blecker Christophe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the present study, leaves from 13 sweet potato cultivars were collected as raw materials. The nutritional and functional composition, antioxidant activity, and sunscreen activity of different sweet potato leaf samples were determined, and the comprehensive nutritional quality was calculated by gray relational analysis. Results showed that the nutritional and functional components are significantly different between different cultivars. Tainong71 showed the highest comprehensive nutritional quality, followed by Fu22, Ningcai, Fu23, Ecai10, Zhecai726, Ecai1, Fu18, Pushu53, Guangcai5, Shulv1, Guangcai2, and Zhecai1. The antioxidant activity varied from 3.94 to 16.75 g Trolox equivalent/100 g dry weight. Pushu53 showed the highest sunscreen activity, with the sun protection factor 24.65. There was a positive correlation between antioxidant activity and sunscreen activity (r = .737, p = .004). In conclusion, sweet potato leaves possess high nutritional and functional properties, and have the huge potential to be used as green leafy vegetables and sunscreen agent.
Antidepressant use and orthostatic hypotension in older adults living with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer disease
Authors: Dyer Adam H , Murphy Claire , Briggs Robert , Lawlor Brian , Kennelly Sean P ,   for the NILVAD Study Group
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesAntidepressant use is often reported as a risk factor for Orthostatic Hypotension (OH), however this relationship has never been explored in those with mild/moderate Alzheimer Disease (AD), who may represent a particularly vulnerable cohort.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional analysis of baseline data from the NILVAD study. Participants with mild‐moderate AD were recruited from 23 centres in nine countries. Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure (SBP/DBP) was recorded in the seated position and after both 1 and 5 minutes of standing. OH was defined as a drop of ≥20 mmHg SBP/≥10 mmHg DBP. We examined the relationship between antidepressant use, orthostatic BP drop and the presence of OH, controlling for important covariates.ResultsOf 509 participants (72.9 ± 8.3 years, 61.9% female), two‐fifths (39.1%; 199/509) were prescribed a regular antidepressant. Antidepressant use was associated with a significantly greater SBP and DBP drop at 5 minutes (β: 1.83, 0.16‐3.50, P = .03 for SBP; β: 1.13, 0.02‐2.25, P < .05 for DBP). Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) use was associated with a significantly greater likelihood of OH (OR 2.0, 1.1‐3.6, P = .02). Both findings persisted following robust covariate adjustment.ConclusionsIn older adults with AD, antidepressants were associated with a significantly greater SBP/DBP drop at 5 minutes. SSRI use in particular may be a risk factor for OH. This emphasises the need to screen older antidepressant users, and particularly those with AD, for ongoing orthostatic symptoms in order to reduce the risk of falls in this vulnerable cohort.
Decreased expression of interferon‐stimulated genes in B cells of patients with chronic hepatitis C during interferon‐free therapy potentially suggests the eradication of hepatitis C virus in the B cells: A cohort study
Authors: Arai Jun , Ito Takayoshi , Shimozuma Yuu , Uchikoshi Manabu , Nakajima Yoko , Sakaki Masashi , Uozumi Shojiro , Kajiwara Atsushi , Sugiura Ikuya , Otoyama Yumi , Nozawa Hisako , Kurihara Toshikazu , Eguchi Junichi , Nomura Norihiro , Sakuma Dai , Sato Masashi , Deguchi Yoshio , Yoshida Hitoshi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is monitored by the host innate immunity that includes the endogenous interferon (IFN), which up‐regulates IFN‐stimulated genes (ISGs). HCV is both hepatotropic and lymphotropic, but HCV replication in lymphoid cells is a controversial issue. Here, we analyzed the mRNA levels of the ISGs in B cells of HCV‐infected patients during antiviral therapy and investigated the effects of viral eradication.MethodsOne hundred and eighty‐one patients with chronic hepatitis C and 26 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Levels of HCV RNA and mRNA of ISGs in B cells isolated from the patients were monitored before, during, and after antiviral therapy.ResultsHCV RNA was detected in B cells of 133/175 (76.0%) patients who achieved sustained virologic response (SVR) before therapy was started. The positive ratio of HCV RNA in B cells was higher in patients with genotype 1 and the non‐major genotype of interleukin 28B. HCV RNA in B cells of most patients disappeared 1 week after antiviral therapy was started. The baseline expression of ISG mRNA was significantly higher in the patients than in the healthy volunteers. Levels of ISG mRNA were increased and remained high throughout the IFN‐based therapy. In contrast, levels of ISG mRNA in patients who achieved SVR were significantly decreased 1 week after the IFN‐free therapy was started and remained low during the therapy.ConclusionsThese results suggested that IFN‐free therapy potentially eradicated HCV in the B cells, leading to the down‐regulation of endogenous ISGs. The level of ISG mRNA could be used as a marker for viral eradication in B cells.
Rainwater harvesting for supplemental irrigation under tropical inland valley swamp conditions*
Authors: Blango Mohamed M. , Cooke Richard A.C. , Moiwo Juana P. , Sawyerr Patrick A. , Kangoma Emmanuel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAgricultural water management, if well implemented, could increase water supply and food security across the developing world. Simple earth dams or reservoirs are sufficient in this case for gravity‐driven irrigation to support agricultural production throughout the year. This is critical for regions with little energy and limited farm irrigation, but abundant precipitation. In Sierra Leone, energy especially as electricity is hardly available and farming is over 80% rainfed. This critical shortfall has limited crop cultivation to almost entirely the wet season in the country. Here, we developed an earthen micro‐dam and analysed its potential for rainwater harvesting and supplemental irrigation in the dry season in an inland valley swamp at Njala University. For the 2014–2017 dry season cropping period, average daily evaporation, seepage and irrigation from the 4.2 × 104 m3 dam were respectively 2.84, 0.51 and 7.76 mm. Thus, with 124 mm (79.5 m3) dam water irrigation and 409 mm precipitation in the dry season, grain yield increased by 67% (1430 kg ha¯¹) over that (2130 kg ha¯¹). This implies that the additional rice harvest in the dry season in excess of the rice harvest in the wet season was 67%. In other words, the harvest in the dry season was 3560 kg ha¯¹. The higher harvest in the dry season was attributed to the more favourable crop growth conditions (including solar radiation and supplemental irrigation) in the dry season than in the wet season. The additional harvest in the dry season could be significant in closing food security gaps, especially in tropical Africa where rainfall is plenty and energy availability limited.
Evaluation of corneal structures in myopic eyes more than twenty‐two years after photorefractive keratectomy
Authors: Montorio Daniela , Cennamo Gilda , Menna Feliciana , Donna Piero , Napolitano Pasquale , Breve Maria Angelica , Fiore Ugo , Cennamo Giovanni , Rosa Nicola 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate corneal epithelial thickness (CET), corneal densitometry (CD) in 84 myopic eyes (57 patients) more than 22 years after photorefractive keratectomy, using anterior segment‐optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) and Scheimpflug imaging system. The CET was significantly higher in all operated eyes than in unoperated eyes in central sector. A statistically significant increase in CD in corneal anterior layer of central sector was shown in groups of operated eyes with greater ablation depth respect to unoperated eyes. While there was no significant difference in CD between the operated eyes groups with lower ablation depth and unoperated eyes. A significant trend toward higher values in anterior CD with deeper ablations in central sector was found. These noninvasive imaging techniques allow to better understand the corneal remodeling process after photoablation and to monitor the patients over time.
Legendre G‐array pairs and the theoretical unification of several G‐array families
Authors: Arasu K. T. , Bulutoglu D. A. , Hollon J. R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe investigate how Legendre ‐array pairs are related to several different perfect binary ‐array families. In particular we study the relations between Legendre ‐array pairs, Sidelnikov‐Lempel‐Cohn‐Eastman ‐arrays, Yamada‐Pott ‐array pairs, Ding‐Helleseth‐Martinsen ‐arrays, Yamada ‐arrays, Szekeres ‐array pairs, Paley ‐array pairs, and Baumert ‐array pairs. Our work also solves one of the two open problems posed by Ding. Moreover, we provide several computer search‐based existence and nonexistence results regarding Legendre ‐array pairs. Finally, by using cyclotomic cosets, we provide a previously unknown Legendre ‐array pair.