bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Variation-Based Methodology for Product Family Design
Authors: Nayak Raviraj U. , Chen Wei , Simpson Timothy W. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent years, considerable research has been directed towards the development of methods for designing families of products. In this paper, we present a Variation-Based Platform Design Methodology (VBPDM), which aims to satisfy a range of performance requirements using the smallest variation of the product designs in the family. In the first stage of the VBPDM, the common product platform around which the product family is to be developed is identified. A ranged set of solutions is found, represented by the mean and standard deviation of the input design variables, to meet a range of the different performance requirements for the product family. During this first stage, a compromise Decision Support Problem (DSP) is used to optimize the commonality goal that seeks to minimize the deviation of the input design variables, while satisfying the range of performance requirements. Those design variables that show small deviations are held constant to form the product platform. In the second stage of the VBPDM, each individual product is designed around the common platform such that the functional requirements of the product are best satisfied. As an example, the proposed method is used to develop a family of universal electric motors designed to meet a range of torque requirements. The results are compared against previous work.
Integrated Aerodynamic and Geometric Modeling for Hypersonic Vehicle Design
Authors: Bhungalia Amarshi A. , Zweber Jeffrey V. , Stevenson Mark D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the past, hypersonic aircraft and space launch vehicle designs were dependent on empirical methods that were developed and verified using wind tunnel testing. This process was time consuming and extremely expensive. The vehicle designers were forced to look for improved ways to assess the design because they needed to cut the design costs. This led to the development of high-speed aerodynamic analysis codes. These codes cut the design costs by reducing the number of wind tunnel tests that were required (and eliminating the associated time and expense). Currently, there are many different aerodynamic analysis codes, of different fidelities, available for use in the design process. One of these codes is the Supersonic/Hypersonic Arbitrary Body Program (S/HABP). Versions of S/HABP are implemented with varying pre and post-processing applications. Two of the common ones are the Aerodynamic Preliminary Analysis System (APAS) and Viscous Effects on Complex Configurations (VECC). Both APAS and VECC are stand-alone specialized codes that are not well integrated into the design process. This paper documents an application that was developed to improve the process of generating an aerodynamic analysis mesh for S/HABP from the geometric modeling activities that are needed for the overall vehicle design process.
Design Potential Concept for Reliability-Based Design Optimization
Authors: Choi Kyung K. , Tu Jian , Park Young H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a design potential concept for reliability-based design optimization by integrating the probability analysis into the design optimization process. The reliability-based system parameter design is illustrated by the design potential concept in a unified system space, where design potential surfaces are derived from first-order reliability methods and an adaptive strategy is developed for robust and more efficient probabilistic constraint evaluation. More important, the design potential concept provides an in-depth understanding of reliability-based design optimization and leads to a design potential method that can significantly accelerate the process of robust system parameter design optimization.
Parametric Engineering Design Tools and Applications
Authors: Rohm Tapie , Jones Chris L. , Tucker Scott S. , Jensen C. Greg 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recent collaborations with graduate students in Mechanical Engineering at Brigham Young University and industry, such as United Technologies (OTIS and Pratt & Whitney) and Honeywell (AlliedSignal) have resulted in significant advancements to the interactive and programmatic parametric design methodologies. This paper presents the basics of interactive parametric CAD design as a point-of-departure for our discussion of the programmatic approach. Further it will discuss the advantages and problems of using a programmatic parametric design approach to reduce design cycle time. This programmatic parametric approach involves the combination of vendor provided interactive CAD parametrics and native CAD toolkit development and customization. Finally it will focus on the advantages and drawbacks of this schema by using joint educational/ industrial examples. These advantages include improvements in the design/analysis/ manufacture process as well as in the overall communication between different engineering load centers.
The time and resource commitment to custom CAD development has haunted industry for decades. However, through new techniques and interfaces being explored and developed at BYU we propose a new graphical user interface for custom programming of CAD. This paper discusses the advantages that such an interface would have in reducing programming time and allowing the program to interoperate between multiple CAD packages with varying graphic kernels.
Interval Methods for B-Rep Model Verification and Rectification
Authors: Shen Guoling , Sakkalis Takis , Patrikalakis Nicholas M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Boundary representation (B-rep) models often have geometric specifications inconsistent with their topological structures due to numerical errors. In this paper, we verify the geometric consistency of B-rep models and evaluate existing inconsistencies of such models using interval arithmetic. Moreover, we convert conventional B-rep models into interval solid models to correct them. An interval solid is defined as a collection of non-degenerate boxes whose union covers the intended exact boundary and is guaranteed to be gap-free. An example illustrates our method for model conversion.
Kinematic Approximation of Ruled Surfaces Using NURBS Motions of a Cylindrical Cutter
Authors: Xia J. , Ge Q. J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with the problem of 5-axis machining of ruled surfaces. It is well known that a ruled surface may be efficiently machined with a cylindrical cutter using the side milling process. This paper studies the problem of planning the tool motion for side milling of ruled surfaces as a kinematic approximation problem. The goal is to develop a new method for synthesizing a Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (or NURBS) motion such that the swept surface of such a motion with a cylindrical cutter closely approximates a given ruled surface. First a NURBS motion is used to interpolate or approximate a set of discrete cutter locations for the side milling of a given ruled surface. Then the deBool control positions of the NURBS motion is fine-tuned to minimize the error between the swept surface of the cylindrical cutter under the NURBS motion and the desired ruled surface. In this way, the tool motion is represented by the set of deBoor control positions and associated knot sequence as opposed to a huge set of discrete cutter locations.
Experimental Design Issues for Simultaneous Fitting of Forward and Inverse Metamodels
Authors: Barton Russell R. , Meckesheimer Martin , Simpson Timothy W. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In engineering design, approximations to engineering simulation or analysis models can provide quick, approximate predictions of system or part performance as a function of system/part design parameters. There are often preliminary requirements for performance, which can be mapped to specific values of design parameters via an inverse model. Typically, only forward models exist explicitly, but an inverse approximation can be fitted. The quality of an approximation depends on the set of runs (the experiment design) used to fit the approximation. This paper examines experiment design construction strategies for simultaneously fitting forward and inverse approximation models, using the commonly applied measure of D-optimality.
Layered Manufacturing of Thin-Walled Parts
Authors: McMains Sara , Smith Jordan , Wang Jianlin , Séquin Carlo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We describe a new algorithm we have developed for making partially hollow layered parts with thin, dense walls of approximately uniform thickness, for faster build times and reduced material usage. We have implemented our algorithm on a fused deposition modeling (FDM) machine, using separate build volumes for a loosely filled interior and a thin, solid, exterior wall. The build volumes are derived as simple boolean combinations of slice contours and their offsets. We make use of an efficient algorithm for computing the Voronoi diagram of a general polygon as part of the process of creating offset contours. Our algorithm guarantees that the surface of the final part will be dense while still allowing an efficient build.
Interval Method for Interrogation of Implicit Solid Models
Authors: Chang Jack , Ganter Mark , Storti Duane 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Computer-aided design/manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems intended to support automated design and manufacturing applications such as shape generation and solid free-form fabrication (SFF) must provide not only methods for creating and editing models of objects to be manufactured, but also methods for interrogating the models. Interrogation refers to any process that derives information from the model. Typical interrogation tasks include determine surface area, volume or inertial properties, computing surface points and normals for rendering, and computing slice descriptions for SFF.
While currently available commercial modeling systems generally employ a boundary representation (B-rep) implementation of solid modeling, research efforts have considered implicit modeling schemes as a potential source of improved robustness. Implicit implementations are available for a broad range of modeling operations, but interrogation operations have been widely considered too costly for many applications.
This paper describes a method based on interval analysis for interrogating implicit solid models that aims at achieving both robustness and efficiency.
Can Finite Element Models Be Used to Aid in Calibrating a Crash Sensing System?
Authors: Lin Chin-Hsu , Neal Mark , Wang J. T. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A study is presented to address the question “Can finite element models be used to aid in calibrating a crash sensing system?” Details that are crucial for using a single vehicle model to simulate multiple testing conditions were identified and incorporated in a chosen vehicle model. The vehicle model was then used to simulate a set of no-deployment and all-deployment calibration events. The simulated results were compared with test data to assess the capability of the existing nonlinear finite element analysis in aiding sensing system calibration.
Application of Topological Optimization Program to the Danner Test Simulation
Authors: Mayer Robert R. , Maurer Detlev , Bottcher Curd 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study used a topological optimization program, TOPOPT, to optimize the crashworthiness performance of a small vehicle in a Danner test simulation. The Danner test is a low-speed test used by insurance companies to help set insurance premiums. New designs with added holes were developed using TOPOPT, and a procedure for applying the program to future vehicle programs was established.
Efficient Use of Finite Element Analysis in Early Design Phases
Authors: Eriksson Martin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The utilization of analytical/numerical techniques and methodologies within product development and design is seldom discussed in the literature. This leads to a loss of a holistic perspective on product development and design. The exclusion of analysis methods and techniques implies that their impact on the development/design procedures is considered negligible and is not regarded as a constituent part in the establishment of a generic product development procedure model.
The overall focus of the work presented in this paper has been to show how extensions and adaptations of available techniques can be introduced in the mechanical engineering design process, or design process for short, to promote the general holistic perspective of product development. The example presented emphasizes the value of combining Design of Experiments (DOE) and Finite Element (FE) analysis into an effective tool to be used in the early phases of the design process to predict, at least to some extent, the final behavior of the product-to-be.
Rapid Systematic Product Design
Authors: Grote Karl-H. , Torby Bruce J. , Kimura Ikuo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a design methodology to develop better quality, less expensive products in the shortest possible product development cycle, focusing on prototyping issues such as rapid prototyping (RP) and virtual prototyping (VP). Along with details of the proposed design methodology, brief overviews of the conventional product development, concurrent engineering, each stage of the product development cycle, RP and VP are described. Moreover, to make use of both RP and VP in the course of product development, their advantages and disadvantage are discussed.
“Intelligent” Optimal Design of Materials and Structures What Does it Mean?
Authors: Zarka Joseph 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The engineers have to face very important problems in the design, the test, the survey and the maintenance of their structures. These problems did not yet get full answer even from the best people in the world. Usually in these problems (such as no satisfactory constitutive modeling of materials, no real control of the accuracy of the numerical simulations, no real definition of the initial state and/or the effective loading of the structure), there is no solution and the experts do not understand the problem in its whole. Moreover, the available data may be not statistically representative (i.e. are in limited number), fuzzy, qualitative and missing in part.
We propose a practical solution the «Intelligent Optimal Design of Materials and Structures» where the actual best knowledges of the researchers/experts are intelligently mixed to the results of experiments or real returns. Several examples of applications are given in this serial set of papers to explain the real meaning and power of this approach.
Tool for Assembly Locating Scheme Definition
Authors: Lindkvist Lars , Söderberg Rikard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Locating schemes control the stability of a system, which has a major impact on the way variation propagates through that system and affects overall critical dimensions. The definition of the locating scheme should be made early in the design process in order to eliminate the need for costly modifications later on. This paper presents a tool that aids the designer in selecting the optimal locating scheme definition. It requires only the basic geometry of the components and is therefore easy to use early in the design process. The tool graphically indicates in which way the locating scheme should be modified to increase the stability of the system. The objective function for the stability of the system can be a number of defined critical dimensions or the general stability of all the components. The tool can be used for single part fixturing as well as for complete assemblies. Color coding is used to quickly identify sensitive areas of the assembly and as an easy way to compare different concepts. The use of the tool is shown in a number of examples.
A Team-Based Design for Manufacture Methodology
Authors: Appleton E. , Garside J. A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is now widely accepted that the majority of the cost involved in manufacture is determined in the design stage. Although it is obviously important to keep assembly and manufacturing costs as low as possible, by the effective and efficient use of operators and automation, in many ways, attempting cost saving at the production stage is equivalent to ‘closing the stable door after the horse has bolted’. Design for manufacture has existed since manufacture began. Indeed, much of the skill of the early craftsmen was based upon a knowledge of how to use processes efficiently. As design and production evolved into separate functions within manufacture the knowledge about efficient use of processes was retained by designers because of their shop floor experience. As design has become more complex, specialised function knowledge about how to design to make manufacture efficient has manifested itself in case material and hints on what not to do. Generally these hints are focused on particular processes. More recently these hints and guides have been collected together in a systematic way. Pioneers such as Boothroyd and Dewhurst (1) have been educating industry on the matter of Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DFMA) for many years and a considerable awareness has been created. At the present time DFMA is widely recognised but take up of the methods has been less than necessary if the full benefit is to be achieved.
An Open Model Updating Software: Application to Car Suspension Model Updating
Authors: Abouelainine Abderrahim , Morelle Patrick 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The open model updating software described here is built on a quadratic programming method with a sensitivity analysis, for constrained optimization problem with bounded variables. The updating software is tested here with a numerical car suspension model in the objective to minimize the deviation between measures and simulations. The appropriate results obtained here show the efficiency of the updating software.
A Study on Computer Aided Bionic Design System Based on Self-Organization of Modelons
Authors: Wu Yizhong , Xiao Renbin , Zhong Yifang , Shi Hanmin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
All the design activities of new products are top-down processes, in turn, conceptual design, functional design, structural design and detailed design. Unfortunately, design activity under the most traditional CAD systems belongs to a bottom-up process that has many disadvantages such as low efficiency, difficulty of modification and limitation of original thoughts of designers.
This paper will describe a new approach for product design, i.e., computer aided bionic design (CABD), integrating both top-down and bottom-up process, which imitates partible attribute of functional structure and self-organization mechanism of cells of organism. Bionic design includes constructing of modelons that constitute a product through computer aided conceptual design (CACD) and structural design, building of product’s local structural gene and global structural gene through self-organization planning of constraints, generating of modelons and automatic assembling of modelons based on the self-organization mechanism under the control of product structural gene. A prototype system based on this approach has been implemented and an example will be presented in this paper.
Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Link Mechanisms by Combining Decomposition and Mini-Max Relaxation
Authors: Fujita Kikuo , Hirokawa Noriyasu , Inoue Masafumi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes an efficiency improvement method for the multidisciplinary design optimization of link mechanisms. While behavior of a link mechanism is dominated by kinematic relationships, it is restricted under various other conditions such as structural strength, etc. Thus, the design problem of a link mechanism is obviously multidisciplinary. Further, since the motion of a link mechanism is sequentially time-dependent, the optimization problem can be formulated as a mini-max type one. Under these characteristics, this paper proposes a design optimization method of link mechanisms by combining non-hierarchic coupled system decomposition and mini-max relaxation. Then, after the multidisciplinary design problem of a link mechanism used in hydraulic shovels is modeled and formulated based on skeleton based kinematic analysis and beam-theory based strength analysis, its design optimization with the proposed method is demonstrated. The numerical results show more than about four times of speedup and robust performance as compared with a conventional optimization method.
On the Interaction Between the Dynamic Contact Load and the Surface Wear of a Plastic Gear Pair
Authors: Kuang J. H. , Lin A. D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Due to the merits, for example, silent operation, self-lubrication, and light weight, etc., the demand for plastic gears increases tremendously. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the interaction between the dynamic contact loads and the sliding wear depths of a meshing plastic gear pair. Parameters, such as time-varying mesh stiffness, damping ratio, tooth errors, etc., are included in the gear dynamic model presented. As to the mesh stiffness, finite element results will be used to curve fit the flexible stiffnesses at different contact points. The values of the damping ratio and the friction coefficient are referenced to the experimental results in the papers cited. In addition to the studies of the parameters involved in the dynamic model, the wear equation proposed by Archard is used to calculate the wear depths of the running gear pair. With the gear dynamic model and the wear model developed, a computation algorithm is designed to simulate the interaction of the sliding wears and the dynamic contact loads.
The Disassembly Matrix for Computer-Aided Disassembly
Authors: Huang Yuan Mao , Huang Chun-Ting 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study proposes an effective and feasible method that improves the existing methods for disassembly. The elements of three dimensional interference matrices in the directions of x, y and z axes are considered as the low bit, middle bit and high bit, respectively, for the elements of the proposed disassembly matrix in the binary system. By using the Boolean operation and the deep-first-search method, the algorithm is developed and a software program is generated to create all of the possible disassembly sequences and directions of components in the tree diagram. With the grades for change of the disassembly directions, the optimum disassembly sequences can be determined. This disassembly matrix not only can help disassemble the disposed devices but also can evaluate the potential products during design.
First Order Analysis for Automotive Body Structure Design
Authors: Nishigaki Hidekazu , Nishiwaki Shinji , Amago Tatsuyuki , Kikuchi Noboru 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The concept of Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) was first proposed by J. Lemon at SDRC, and has been widely accepted in automotive industries. CAE numerically estimates the performance of automobiles and proposes alternative ideas that lead to the higher performance without building prototypes. However, most automotive designers cannot directly utilize CAE since specific well-trained engineers are required to achieve sophisticated operations. Moreover, CAE requires a huge amount of time and many modelers to construct an analysis model. In this paper, we propose a new concept of CAE, First Order Analysis (FOA), in order to overcome these problems and to quickly obtain optimal designs. The basic ideas include (1) graphic interfaces for automotive designers using Microsoft/Excel (2) use of sophisticated formulations based on the theory of mechanics of material, (3) the topology optimization method. Further, some prototypes of software are presented to confirm the method for FOA presented here.