bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distributed resource management in dew based edge to cloud computing ecosystem: A hybrid adaptive evolutionary approach
Authors: Roy Asmita , Midya Sadip , Majumder Koushik , Phadikar Santanu 
Published: July 2020

SummaryTo extend the reach of cloud computing, the concept of edge computing and dew computing is introduced to execute various Internet of things (IoT) application with minimized delay in real time. The requested tasks are allocated computing resources that best suits their purpose. In this work, a novel hybrid hierarchical dew based edge to cloud architecture is developed. The objective of the study is to provide a detailed analysis and validation of real‐time scheduling of IoT application in this hybrid hierarchical ecosystem. The problem of optimally mapping requested tasks to the computing layers is mathematically formulated based on several quality of service factors and solved using the proposed hybrid adaptive metaheuristic algorithm. This is a combination of learning‐based adaptive particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm. The exploitative and exploratory feature of the proposed algorithm helps in achieving better global optima compared with other existing metaheuristic algorithms.
Kinetic model and optimization for enzyme‐assisted hydrodistillation of d‐limonene‐rich essential oil from orange peel
Authors: Waheed Ammara , Akram Sumia , Ashraf Rizwan , Mushtaq Muhammad , Adnan Ahmad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present research has been planned to evaluate the effect of enzymatic maceration on the recovery of essential oil during hydrodistillation of orange (Citrus sinensis L.) peel. In the execution phase, the orange peel was hydrolysed under different conditions regarding enzyme concentration, liquid‐to‐solid ratio, temperature and incubation time, which established that hydrolysis of orange peel with 3.9% (mL/100 g) Viscozyme L® at liquid/solid ratio of 4.0 (mL/g) and 55°C for 3.8 hours can produce essential oil fourfold higher as compared to untreated orange peel. The kinetic modelling of the data further established that the incorporation of enzymatic pretreatment can reduce the extraction time up to 4 hours without any loss of aroma compounds. The GC‐MS analysis of orange peel essential oil obtained under optimum conditions of enzyme‐assisted hydrodistillation (EAHD) revealed the presence of D‐limonene as a major constituent (66%) followed by β‐caryophyllene (23%) and isopropyl myristate (11%). Moreover, the orange peel essential oil expressed via EAHD showed a good tendency to neutralize free radicals and protect linoleic acid under ambient conditions. Henceforth, it might be brought forward that enzyme‐assisted hydrodistillation worked more efficiently and economically than the conventional counterpart.
Immune related proteins and tumor infiltratingCD8+ lymphocytes in hypopharyngeal cancer in relation to human papillomavirus (HPV) and clinical outcome
Authors: Landin David , Ährlund‐Richter Andreas , Mirzaie Leila , Mints Michael , Näsman Anders , Kolev Aeneas , Marklund Linda , Dalianis Tina , Munck‐Wikland Eva , Ramqvist Torbjörn 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundHypopharyngeal cancer (HPSCC) shows a poor clinical outcome, while HPSCC, caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), presents a better outcome. Here, HPCC, immune proteins, and tumor infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes (CD8+ TILs) were evaluated in relation to HPV and outcome.MethodsFresh frozen tissue from four HPV‐positive HPSCC, 39 HPV‐negative HPSCC, and normal samples were analyzed for protein expression by the Proseek immuno‐oncology immunoassay. CD8+ TIL numbers evaluated by immunohistochemistry on 144 formalin‐fixed biopsies were analyzed in relation to clinical outcome.ResultsProteins differing between HPV‐positive and negative HPSCC included CD8A, PD‐L1, Fas ligand, and chemokines. High CD8+ TIL numbers were correlated to improve clinical outcome in HPV‐negative HPSCC.ConclusionsHigh expression of immune proteins in HPV‐positive HPSCC may explain the better clinical outcome. CD8+ TILs are of relevance for outcome of HPV‐negative HPSCC, while tumors with high immune activity but poor patient survival suggest a role for immune therapy.
Obstetric hemorrhage in resource‐limited locations: A quality improvement project after adoption of abdominopelvic compression devices
Authors: Kerr Nancy L. , Hauswald Mark , Tamrakar Suman R. , Kalit Solomon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate obstetric hemorrhage outcomes and present data specific to adoption of pneumatic circumferential abdominopelvic compression devices.MethodsTwo resource‐limited locations added low‐cost pneumatic compression devices to their standard protocols for obstetric hemorrhage between 2010 and 2019. Providers in rural Nepal and Papua New Guinea used devices that incorporated a bicycle tube or soccer ball (“Ball and Binder”) to provide abdominopelvic pressure after all available routine treatments had failed. Data were collected during the entire period as part of ongoing obstetric quality improvement. Data presented include obstetric event, etiology of bleeding, need for surgery, transfusion, transport, length of transports, maternal survival, and complications.ResultsCircumferential abdominopelvic compression was used 106 times. The devices were used primarily after vaginal birth with atony, but also for obstetrical lacerations, miscarriages, and post‐abortion bleeding. In all cases the bleeding stopped “promptly.” All women survived, none required hysterectomy, and no complications were reported resulting from device use. Only 15 (14%) patients were transported to a referral hospital.ConclusionIn this quality improvement project, obstetric hemorrhage was controlled when circumferential pressure was applied after usual care had failed.
Repeated evolution of eye loss in Mexican cavefish: Evidence of similar developmental mechanisms in independently evolved populations
Authors: Sifuentes‐Romero Itzel , Ferrufino Estephany , Thakur Sunishka , Laboissonniere Lauren A. , Solomon Michael , Smith Courtney L. , Keene Alex C. , Trimarchi Jeffrey M. , Kowalko Johanna E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEvolution in similar environments often leads to convergence of behavioral and anatomical traits. A classic example of convergent trait evolution is the reduced traits that characterize many cave animals: reduction or loss of pigmentation and eyes. While these traits have evolved many times, relatively little is known about whether these traits repeatedly evolve through the same or different molecular and developmental mechanisms. The small freshwater fish, Astyanax mexicanus, provides an opportunity to investigate the repeated evolution of cave traits. A. mexicanus exists as two forms, a sighted, surface‐dwelling form and at least 29 populations of a blind, cave‐dwelling form that initially develops eyes that subsequently degenerate. We compared eye morphology and the expression of eye regulatory genes in developing surface fish and two independently evolved cavefish populations, Pachón and Molino. We found that many of the previously described molecular and morphological alterations that occur during eye development in Pachón cavefish are also found in Molino cavefish. However, for many of these traits, the Molino cavefish have a less severe phenotype than Pachón cavefish. Further, cave–cave hybrid fish have larger eyes and lenses during early development compared with fish from either parental population, suggesting that some different changes underlie eye loss in these two populations. Together, these data support the hypothesis that these two cavefish populations evolved eye loss independently, yet through some of the same developmental and molecular mechanisms.
Regioselective synthesis of fused ring heterocyclic derivatives of ketene aminals and their biological activities
Authors: Yaqub Muhammad , Batool Javeria , Mahmood Khalid , Ashraf Abida , Perveen Ruqayia , Shafiq Zahid 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA regioselective and convenient methodology was developed to synthesize heterocyclic derivatives, bearing imidazole, piperidines, and azepines rings. The N‐arylnitrones derived from 3‐formylchromones were selected to react with heterocyclic ketene aminal to furnish the structurally attractive and pharmacologically important fused ring heterocycles. The N‐arylnitrone moiety of 3‐formylchromone was used to activate the formyl group for regioselective fused ring heterocycles synthesis, whereas, the effect of substituents at aryl functionality of nitrones were studied to improve the yield of target fused ring heterocyclic products. The synthesized compounds (10‐12) were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic and antifungal influences. In cytotoxic (brine shrimp lethality) assay, compound 11e was found to be active with LD50 = 4.1 × 10−6 μg/mL.
MR‐Based Electrical Conductivity Imaging of Liver Fibrosis in an Experimental Rat Model
Authors: Kim Jin Woong , Kim Hyun Bum , Hur Young Hoe , Choi Bup Kyung , Katoch Nitish , Park Ji Ae , Kim Hyung Joong , Woo Eung Je 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundLiver fibrosis is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. Electrical conductivity imaging at low frequency can provide novel contrast because the contrast mechanisms originate from the changes in the concentration and mobility of ions in the extracellular space.PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility of an MR‐based electrical conductivity imaging that can detect the changes in a tissue condition associated with the progression of liver fibrosis.Study TypeProspective phantom and animal study.Animal ModelFibrosis was induced by weekly intraperitoneal injection of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in 45 male Sprague–Dawley rats.Field Strength/Sequence3T MRI with a multispin‐echo pulse sequence.AssessmentThe percentage change of conductivity (Δσ, %) in the same region‐of‐interest (ROI) was calculated from the DMN‐treated rats based on the values of the normal control rats. The percentage change was also calculated between the ROIs in each DMN‐treated group.Statistical TestsOne‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a two‐sample t‐test were performed.ResultsLiver tissues in normal control rats showed a uniform conductivity distribution of 56.6 ± 4.4 (mS/m). In rats more than 5 weeks after induction, the fibrous region showed an increased conductivity of ≥12% compared to that of the corresponding normal control rats. From regional comparisons in the same liver, the fibrous region showed an increased conductivity of ≥11% compared to the opposite, less induced region of rats more than 5 weeks after induction. Liver samples from the fibrous region represent tissue damages such as diffuse centrilobular congestion with marked dilatation of central veins from the histological findings. Immunohistochemistry revealed significant levels of attenuated fibrosis and increased inflammatory response.Data ConclusionThe increased conductivity in the fibrous region is related to the changes of the extracellular space. The correlation between the collagen deposition and conductivity changes is essential for future clinical studies.Level of Evidence 2Technical Efficacy Stage 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:554–563.
Solvent‐resistant microfluidic paper‐based analytical device/spray mass spectrometry for quantitative analysis of C18‐ceramide biomarker
Authors: Azizov Shavkatjon , Sharipov Mirkomil , Lim Jae‐Min , Tawfik Salah M. , Kattaev Nuritdin , Lee Yong‐Ill 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe developed a highly efficient and low‐cost organic solvents‐resistant microfluidic paper‐based analytical device (μPAD) coupled with paper spray mass spectrometry (PS‐MS) for quantitative determination of C18‐ceramide as a prognostic biomarker for several diseases. Several models of μPAD patterns have been examined to select the most resistant and efficient microchannel barriers, which can provide continuous spray at ionization zone and prevent “coffee ring” effect. Moreover, the developed μPAD has enabled the analysis of low concentration of C18‐ceramide because of the maximum supply of deposited analyte through microchannel. The MS results confirmed the formation of doubly and singly charged metal ion complexes between ceramide and different metal ions. Notably, the complexation that occurs between lithium ions and C18‐ceramide showed a high relative abundance compared with other formed complexes. Taking into account the relative abundance of complex [Cer + Li]+ at 572.8 m/z, it can be considered as a stable ion and therefore be used for the analysis of C18‐ceramide at low concentrations. Complexation of C18‐ceramide and lithium confirmed with quantum chemical calculations. The proposed method represents good linearity with a regression coefficient of 0.9956 for the analysis of C18‐ceramide and reaches a limit of detection to 0.84 nM. It has been adapted successfully for practical application in human serum samples with high recovery values in range of 92%–105%. The developed μPAD‐MS technique provides clear advantages by reducing the experimental steps and simplifying the operation process and enables to identify subnanomolar concentration of C18‐ceramide in human serum samples.
The influence of mesoscale land–seabreeze circulation on local wind climatology in the Svalbard fjords of Kongsfjorden and Hornsund
Authors: Kitowska Małgorzata , Makuch Przemysław , Petelski Tomasz , Piskozub Jacek 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe analyse data series (1992–2013) of wind measurements from meteorological stations in Ny‐Ålesund and Hornsund on Svalbard and then have them compared to surface layer winds from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis. We find significant discrepancies between the local wind direction and directions of wind compatible with the analysis of large‐scale pressure fields. We argue that one of the most important factors controlling wind directions in the Svalbard fjords is the difference in temperature between the neighbouring glaciers and surface sea temperatures of open waters warmed by the west Spitsbergen current. This creates atmospheric circulation patterns similar to the land breeze in temperate climates. We show that the frequency of simultaneous breeze‐type circulation events on the northern and southern fjords of Spitsbergen is highly correlated with sea–land temperature difference on monthly timescales. A Monte Carlo analysis of breeze probabilities rejects the null hypothesis of independent breeze events in both fjords. This result shows that breeze events are not independent where two fjords placed at opposite ends of Spitsbergen's west coast are concerned, and we also posit that the breeze occurrence is largely controlled by the synoptic situation. Such large‐scale wind phenomena should have an impact on air–sea heat fluxes to the east of Spitsbergen.
Comparison of Er,Cr:YSGG laser to minimally invasive surgical technique in the treatment of intrabony defects: Six‐month results of a multicenter, randomized, controlled study
Authors: Clem Donald , Heard Rick , McGuire Michael , Scheyer E. Todd , Richardson Chris , Toback Gregory , Gwaltney Chad , Gunsolley John C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this publication is to report on the six‐month clinical results and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) comparing the surgical use of the erbium, chromium‐doped: yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser (ERL) and minimally invasive surgical technique (MIST) for the treatment of intrabony defects in subjects with generalized periodontitis stage III, grade B.MethodsFifty‐three adults (29 females and 24 males; aged 19 to 73 years) with 79 intrabony defects were randomized following scaling and root planing (SRP) to receive ERL monotherapy (n = 27) or MIST (n = 26). Recession, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), treatment time, and PROs were assessed and compared for each treatment group. Clinical measurements were recorded at baseline, 4 to 6 weeks following SRP, and 6 months following surgical therapy.ResultsThe following primary and secondary outcome variables were non‐inferior with the following margins: CAL with a non‐inferiority margin of 0.6 mm (p = 0.05), PD with a non‐inferiority margin of 0.5 mm (p = 0.05). Recession with a non‐inferiority margin of 0.4 mm (p = 0.05). Faster procedure times were found for ERL (16.39 ± 6.21 minutes) versus MIST (20.17 ± 5.62 minutes), p = 0.0002. In the first 2 to 3 days of post‐therapeutic diary outcomes, subjects reported less bruising, facial swelling, and use of ice pack for the ERL group.ConclusionsThis is the first multicenter, randomized, masked, and controlled study demonstrating the ERL is not inferior to MIST in terms of clinical outcomes but is superior in PROs for the surgical treatment of intrabony defects.
Choosing the left fork: Steven Offenbacher and understanding maternal periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Boggess Kim A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSteven Offenbacher was one of the first researchers to identify periodontal disease as a risk factor for various adverse pregnancy outcomes. Cohort and case‐controlled studies of pregnant women have demonstrated periodontal disease as a risk factor for preterm birth, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction. Periodontal therapy during the second trimester improves maternal oral health but fails to reduce the risk of preterm birth. A possible association between periodontal disease and gestational diabetes has also been reported. In one model, periodontal bacteria gain access to the systemic circulation, and thereby the placenta, resulting in local inflammation, placental dysfunction, and, consequently, adverse pregnancy outcomes. It is crucial to increase awareness of the links between maternal periodontal and adverse pregnancy outcomes and to promote oral health prophylaxis during pregnancy.
On the productive function of furnaces in archaeological sites
Authors: Rossi Manuela , De Riso Nunzia , Caterino Marco , Ferraro Giarita , Cicala Luigi , Ferrara Bianca , Gassner Verena , Vergara Alessandro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe knowledge on the material production from archaeological sites contains valuable information on the technological advances and on the commercial routes of a civilization. Archaeologists can face some ambiguities in the assessment of the productive function of furnaces emerging from excavation when archaeological markers are not available due to a poor conservation state. A protocol to discriminate among the production of lime and ceramics is the major aim of this work. Indeed, herein, we address the possibility to assist archaeologists by a vibrational spectroscopy‐based identification of furnace productive function using a proper sampling, particularly to discriminate between kiln for ceramics from calcara. The proposed analytical procedure supported by a geological survey of the area was established, defining also the application limits, by investigating four cases, one from the sanctuary of Hera at the mouth of river Sele (Paestum), two from Velia (Eastern and Southern quarters), and the fourth from Roscigno. Some care during sampling from furnaces and in the interpretation of possible interferences in Raman and FT‐IR spectra are also discussed.
Wind erosion of soil influenced by clay amendment in the inland Pacific Northwest, USA
Authors: Pi Huawei , Huggins David R. , Sharratt Brenton 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSoil clay content is one of the primary intrinsic soil properties affecting soil erodibility and ecological processes, but few studies have tested the effects of clay amendment on wind erosion of soil. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate the effect of progressive clay amendment on wind erosion of soil in the inland Pacific Northwest, where there is a high soil erodibility risk due to the arid and semiarid environment and sandy soils. Clay amendment significantly increased crust crushing energy when physical soil crusts formed after simulated rainfall. Crusts were then subject to simulated tillage to create an erodible soil surface before determining wind erosion in a wind tunnel. Soil loss significantly decreased with increasing clay amendment, even for low clay amendments (2%), soil loss at this percentage of clay amendment was 13.1–99.7% lower as compared with a soil surface devoid of clay amendment for the four soil types. The rate of change in erosion decreased with increasing amounts of clay amendment. Clay amendment was more effective in decreasing soil loss for two sandy loams or soil types with lower clay content. Clay amendment decreased soil loss primarily due to its impact on increasing aggregate geometric mean diameter (GMD), but aggregate crushing energy is also important in decreasing soil loss in terms of decreasing abrasion flux. Clay amendment is thus an effective way to restrain land deterioration in terms of increasing crust crushing energy, aggregate GMD, and decreasing abrasion flux.
Machine Learning‐Based Optoacoustic Tissue Classification Method for Laser Osteotomes Using an Air‐Coupled Transducer
Authors: Nguendon Kenhagho Hervé , Canbaz Ferda , Gomez Alvarez‐Arenas Tomas E. , Guzman Raphael , Cattin Philippe , Zam Azhar 
Published: July 2020

Background and ObjectivesUsing lasers instead of mechanical tools for bone cutting holds many advantages, including functional cuts, contactless interaction, and faster wound healing. To fully exploit the benefits of lasers over conventional mechanical tools, a real‐time feedback to classify tissue is proposed.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn this paper, we simultaneously classified five tissue types—hard and soft bone, muscle, fat, and skin from five proximal and distal fresh porcine femurs—based on the laser‐induced acoustic shock waves (ASWs) generated. For laser ablation, a nanosecond frequency‐doubled Nd:YAG laser source at 532 nm and a microsecond Er:YAG laser source at 2940 nm were used to create 10 craters on the surface of each proximal and distal femur. Depending on the application, the Nd:YAG or Er:YAG can be used for bone cutting. For ASW recording, an air‐coupled transducer was placed 5 cm away from the ablated spot. For tissue classification, we analyzed the measured acoustics by looking at the amplitude‐frequency band of 0.11–0.27 and 0.27–0.53 MHz, which provided the least average classification error for Er:YAG and Nd:YAG, respectively. For data reduction, we used the amplitude‐frequency band as an input of the principal component analysis (PCA). On the basis of PCA scores, we compared the performance of the artificial neural network (ANN), the quadratic‐ and Gaussian‐support vector machine (SVM) to classify tissue types. A set of 14,400 data points, measured from 10 craters in four proximal and distal femurs, was used as training data, while a set of 3,600 data points from 10 craters in the remaining proximal and distal femur was considered as testing data, for each laser.ResultsThe ANN performed best for both lasers, with an average classification error for all tissues of 5.01 ± 5.06% and 9.12 ± 3.39%, using the Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers, respectively. Then, the Gaussian‐SVM performed better than the quadratic SVM during the cutting with both lasers. The Gaussian‐SVM yielded average classification errors of 15.17 ± 13.12% and 16.85 ± 7.59%, using the Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers, respectively. The worst performance was achieved with the quadratic‐SVM with a classification error of 50.34 ± 35.04% and 69.96 ± 25.49%, using the Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers.ConclusionWe foresee using the ANN to differentiate tissues in real‐time during laser osteotomy. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC