bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of oxide scale growth on a (Ti, Mo)5Si3 based oxidation resistant Mo-Ti-Si alloy at 900-1300∘C
Authors: Majumdar Sanjib , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Pandey Ajoy Kumar , Rao G.V.S. Nageswara 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
High-temperature oxidation behaviour of Mo-40Ti-30Si (at.%) alloy was investigated in the temperature regime of 900-1300∘C in air. Isothermal weight change data recorded up to 100 h of exposure revealed parabolic weight gain kinetics at all the tested temperatures. The protective oxide scale composed with SiO2 (silica) and TiO2 (titania) forming a duplex oxide microstructure consisting of TiO2 particles embedded in the continuous SiO2 matrix. The oxide scale showed parabolic growth kinetics, and the activation energies for the scale growth were found to be 72.2 kJ/mol in 900-1200∘C and 324.9 kJ/mol in 1200-1300∘C. The kinetics of the protective scale growth on the alloy surface was mainly controlled by the growth of the silica film and the inward diffusion of oxygen through the duplex oxide layer.
All-optical targeted drug delivery and real-time detection of a single cancer cell
Authors: Liu Xiaole , Yuan Jie , Wu Dong , Zou Xiaobin , Zheng Qing , Zhang Weina , Lei Hongxiang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Targeted drug delivery and real-time detection both play an important role for studying the specificity of a single cancer cell and the development of anticancer drugs. However, a method that simultaneously enables safe and efficient targeted drug delivery and noninvasive, free-label cell detection is highly desirable but challenging. Here, we report an all-optical method that combines fiber optical tweezers with laser Raman microspectroscopy, which can achieve targeted drug delivery to a single cancer cell using optical manipulation in vitro quickly and accurately by a tapered fiber probe, and simultaneously record the corresponding active characteristics of the targeted cancer cell under the contact of delivered drug through a Raman spectrometer. Using the method, drug delivery and release can be flexibly controlled by turning on/off the trapping laser beam propagating in the fiber, which can avoid the complex systems and is highly autonomous and controllable. Moreover, the detection of cell activity does not require any dye calibration and processing, and it is noninvasive. In addition, for a single suspension cell, optical trapping of the cell using another fiber tip can overcome the low efficiency of targeted drug delivery and the poor stability of the Raman spectrum caused by Brownian motion of the cell. This all-optical method provides a promising approach to conduct pharmacologic studies with the reaction of cancer cell and drugs at the level of a single cell.
Synthesis and crystal structure of (1E,3E)-2-hydroxy-5-methylisophthalaldehyde O,O-di(2-((((E)-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene)amino)oxy)ethyl) dioxime, C35H32N4O7
Authors: Pan Ying-Qi , Yu Meng , Zhang Yu , Dong Wen-Kui 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
C35H32N4O7, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.3625(6) Å, b = 12.7558(7) Å, c = 14.5965(9) Å, α = 68.833(2)°, β = 80.891(2)°, γ = 69.242(2)°, V = 1519.15(16) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0447, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1500, T = 296(2) K.
New fire-resistant epoxy thermosets: nonisothermal kinetic study and flammability behavior
Authors: Hamciuc Corneliu , Vlad-Bubulac Tachita , Serbezeanu Diana , Carja Ionela-Daniela , Hamciuc Elena , Anghel Ion , Enciu Valentin , Şofran Ioana-Emilia , Lisa Gabriela 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
New fire-resistant thermosets are prepared based on a bisphenol A-epoxy resin which is thermally crosslinked in the presence of dicyandiamide and two phenols containing phosphorus atoms. The thermosets are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) tests. A nonisothermal kinetic study is performed based on processing of TGA data applying the method proposed by Vyazovkin. The lifetime prediction analyses establish that the phosphorus-containing polymers could be used at a constant temperature of 200°C up to 200–780 min. The MCC tests reveal an improvement of the flammability behavior, as well as a significant heat release capacity reduction for phosphorus-containing samples compared to the sample which has no phosphorus component.
Characterization and mechanism of accelerated curing of adhesives by
in situ
ultrasonic vibration for bonded joints
Authors: Wang Hui , Yuan Yao , Chen Yizhe 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Ultrasonic vibration can accelerate the curing of epoxy compounds. Previous studies have not explored the nonthermal effects of ultrasound. In this article, we show the accelerated curing process using in situ ultrasonic vibration that removes the thermal effect. The acceleration mechanism of nonthermal effects is clarified. Bisphenol A epoxy resin/low molecular weight polyamide 650 system was used as the adhesive of the joint, and carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP)/aluminum alloy joint was used as the bonding object. Ultrasonic vibration was applied in situ to the CFRP laminate in the joint through an ultrasonic tool head. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize the process of conventional curing and ultrasonic curing of adhesives. Results show that the curing rate of the adhesive can be increased by 2500%. By improving the Kamal model, we describe a new model that can describe the ultrasonic curing process very well. The model shows that ultrasound can reduce the activation energy. Temperature monitoring confirmed that pulsed ultrasound can maintain the temperature of the adhesive stable during the curing process. Dynamic thermomechanical analysis showed that pulsed ultrasound accelerates the curing process and improves the mechanical properties of the adhesive. Ultrasound promotes mass transfer between the resin and the curing agent and increases the collision probability between the reactants, thus increasing the reaction rate.
The effect of specific therapeutic agents on inflammation in sepsis-induced neonatal rats
Authors: Ilhan Nevin , Gul Huseyin Fatih , Susam Solmaz , Ilhan Necip , Bardas Ruken 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Thalidomide and Etanercept on inflammation parameters in a neonatal rat sepsis model induced with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Materials and methods
Four-week-old male Wistar Albino rats were used in the experiment. LPS (5 mg/kg) was administered to rats as sepsis-inducing agent and two anti-inflammatory drugs, Thalidomide and Etanercept were given intraperitoneally as chemotherapeutic agents. The septic neonatal rats were treated with Thalidomide (0.5 mg/kg), Etanercept (1 mg/kg), and a combination of the two. All therapeutic agents were injected half an hour after injecting LPS. It took 24 h to perform the entire experiment. Whereupon, liver tissues of the animals were removed, presepsin of liver tissue and NF-κB levels were measured by ELISA analysis and NF-κB protein expression levels were determined by Western blotting.

Results
A significant increase was detected in presepsin and NF-κB levels in LPS group compared to sham and treatment groups. In Western Blot evaluations, there was a significant decrease in the expression of NF-κB protein in treatment groups compared to sepsis group.

Conclusions
It was observed that Thalidomide and Etanercept had potential effects on the treatment of neonatal sepsis.
A New Class with Decreasing Failure Rate Based on Countable Mixture and Its Application to Censored Data
Authors: Mohammed B. I. , Abu-Youssef S. E. , Sief M. G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A three-parameter generalized Poisson Lomax distribution, which contains two-parameter Lomax distribution as a special case, has to be obtained by a countable mixture with Poisson distribution. The mathematical attributes, as behavior of density and failure rate functions, compounding, moments, moment generating functions, and mean residual life, of this model and the strength-stress reliability function R=P(X&gt;Y) are studied. Additionally, the maximum likelihood estimation of the new model parameters is derived. Lastly, the practical performance of the new model is demonstrated using censored and complete data sets with simulation study.
ДИТИНА ЯК СУБ’ЄКТ ЕСТЕТИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ В КОНТЕКСТІ ВИКЛИКІВ СЬОГОДЕННЯ
Authors: Sirant Nelia 
Published: December 2019

Стаття присвячена висвітленню проблеми естетичного виховання особистості дитини в контексті викликів сьогодення. Автор зазначає, що нині проблема естетичного виховання особистості набуває особливого значення, оскільки загострюються суспільні суперечності, втрачаються загальнолюдські цінності, життєві ідеали дітей та юнацтва. З погляду психології та педагогіки естетичне виховання є актуальною, проте все ж недостатньо дослідженою проблемою. Неупереджений аналіз засвідчує, що погляди вчених на цю важливу проблему неоднозначні, тому утворюють мозаїчну картину на рівні теоретико-емпіричних міркувань.
Мета статті полягає в аналізі теорії естетичного виховання зростаючої особистості, узагальненні психолого-педагогічної та науково-методичної літератури з проблеми, визначенні теоретико-методичних засад дослідження, виокремленні ефективних умов естетичного виховання дітей. Під час роботи над публікацією використано метод історико-педагогічної ретроспективи для з’ясування еволюції поглядів науковців, педагогів на проблему естетичного виховання школярів, теоретичного аналізу, синтезу та узагальнення для виокремлення ефективних умов естетичного виховання зростаючого покоління.
Проаналізовано елементи естетичної культури як важливого складника всебічного розвитку особистості. Доведено, що характер і ступінь розвитку естетичного почуття і естетичного смаку, їх виховання є важливим чинником формування естетичної культури особистості. Автором відзначено, що проблема виховання естетичної культури школярів є надзвичайно актуальною і необхідною для подальшого вивчення та наукового обґрунтування.
FEATURES OF USING METHODS AND FORMS OF THE TEACHING ORGANIZATION IN A SMALL SCHOOL (2ND HALF OF 20TH CENTURY) AND THEIR IMPROVEMENT IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors: Prokopiv Liubov 
Published: December 2019

This article is about methods and forms of organization of training in a small school. The problem is actualized in the context of the adopted strategy for modernizing general secondary education, namely the Concept of the New Ukrainian School, in accordance with which the restructuring of the educational sector is being carried out in the rural areas as well. The purpose of the article is to identify features of using methods and forms of teaching organization in a small school (2nd half of the 20th century) and effective methods and forms of teaching organization at the present stage. The article has the following tasks: to describe the methods of teaching organization in a small school in accordance with the selected stages; to specify the basic forms of teaching organization in small schools of the studied period; to identify the effective aspects of implementing the partnership pedagogy in the Carpathian educational space.
In order tosolve the research tasks, the following theoretical methods were used: analysis and systematization of psychological, pedagogical and methodical literature; analysis of archival, sources sociological surveys, questionnaires and interviews
The author conducted questionnaires, surveys and interviews confirmed the effectiveness of the innovative teaching methods selected for implementation in the operation of a small school.
КАРПАТИ ТА ЇХ ВПЛИВ НА ФОРМУВАННЯ МЕНТАЛЬНОСТІ ГУЦУЛІВ
Authors: Khrushch Olena 
Published: December 2019

У статті обґрунтовується ідея впливу природного середовища, у даному випадку гірського, на формування особистості жителів гір, їх ментальності. Саме від навколишнього природного і соціального середовища, способу господарювання, традицій і звичаїв, вірувань, культури життєдіяльності і спілкування залежить формування психології горянина, його менталітет.
Досліджуючи проблему впливу гірського середовища на розвиток та формування ментальності горян, ми звертаємо увагу на те, що життя спільноти в горах сьогодні вирізняється високою духовністю, а не розвинутими технологіями, а також багатими своєрідними традиціями, які необхідно поєднати з інноваційними видами і методами діяльності. Дослідники намагаються вникнути в реальний процес збалансування технологічної раціональності і ще не втраченої духовності, сьогоднішнього прагматизму і романтизму гірських спільнот, наступальної підприємливості і природолюбності мешканців гір.
Для гуцульського менталітету характерне особливе осмислення природи та ставлення до неї. Між ментальністю і ставленням людей до природи існують тісні і непрості взаємини. Люди залежать від природи, природа – від людей. На це звертали увагу ще давньогрецькі мислителі.
На думку автора дослідження, на формування ментальності такої специфічної етноспільноти, як гуцули, не можуть не вплинути сили природи. З давніх-давен по високогір’ю розселялись люди сміливі, сильні і незалежні. Боротьба із силами природи, специфічна система виховання, що ґрунтувалась на засадах етнопедагогіки, трудових традицій і народних звичаїв, – усе це формувало почуття незалежності і власної гідності.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ МЕТОДУ STEM-ПРОЕКТІВ У ПРОЦЕСІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ДОСЛІДНИЦЬКИХ УМІНЬ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ПОЧАТКОВОЇ ШКОЛИ
Authors: Ignatenko Nataliya , Melnychenko Lyudmyla 
Published: December 2019

У статті методологічно обґрунтовано та визначено дидактичний потенціал методу STEM-проектів у процесі формування дослідницьких умінь майбутніх учителів початкової школи, що актуально у контексті Нової української школи та підготовки студентів до проведення досліджень із використанням інноваційних інструментів. Із цією метою застосовано методи контент-аналізу та узагальнення зарубіжного педагогічного досвіду.
Охарактеризовано сутність дослідницьких умінь як одного зі складників професійної компетентності майбутніх учителів початкової школи та процесу їх формування. Розкрито дидактичне значення методу STEM-проектів (STEM Project Based Learning, STEM PBL) та його характерну ознаку – чітко виражений інтегрований підхід до виконання проекту. Встановлено, що у процесі формування дослідницьких умінь студентів спеціальності «Початкова освіта» метод STEM-проектів виконує такі функції: практико зорієнтовану, пізнавальну, комунікативну, цифрову, розвивально-виховну.
Визначено, що застосування методу STEM-проектів у процесі формування дослідницьких умінь майбутніх учителів початкової школи має відповідати критеріям цілеспрямованості, складності, професійної спрямованості та вимогам, серед яких: актуальність і дослідницький характер теми проекту; чітко визначені в навчальній програмі місце та час його виконання; відповідність проблеми дослідження напряму підготовки студентів; закладені у меті та завданнях можливості вивчення об’єкта, процесу чи явища на основі інтегрованого підходу; забезпечення взаємозв’язку теоретичних знань із практикою. Розроблено системний варіант інтеграції STEM-галузей за темою проекту «Критичне мислення як одне з ключових умінь у ХХІ столітті».
З’ясовано, що застосування STEM-проектного навчання сприяє підготовці майбутнього компетентного вчителя-дослідника, тому актуальним напрямом є вивчення дидактичного потенціалу STEM у процесі формування дослідницьких умінь студентів спеціальності «Початкова освіта».
FSHR-1/GPCR Regulates the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Kim Sungjin , Sieburth Derek 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is an evolutionarily conserved adaptive response that functions to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis following mitochondrial damage. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the nervous system plays a central role in responding to mitochondrial stress by releasing endocrine signals that act upon distal tissues to activate the UPRmt. The mechanisms by which mitochondrial stress is sensed by neurons and transmitted to distal tissues are not fully understood. Here, we identify a role for the conserved follicle-stimulating hormone G protein-coupled receptor, FSHR-1, in promoting UPRmt activation. Genetic deficiency of fshr-1 severely attenuates UPRmt activation and organism-wide survival in response to mitochondrial stress. FSHR-1 functions in a common genetic pathway with SPHK-1/sphingosine kinase to promote UPRmt activation, and FSHR-1 regulates the mitochondrial association of SPHK-1 in the intestine. Through tissue-specific rescue assays, we show that FSHR-1 functions in neurons to activate the UPRmt, to promote mitochondrial association of SPHK-1 in the intestine, and to promote organism-wide survival in response to mitochondrial stress. We propose that FSHR-1 functions cell nonautonomously in neurons to activate UPRmt upstream of SPHK-1 signaling in the intestine.
PD-L1 Expression on Circulating Tumor Cells May Be Predictive of Response to Pembrolizumab in Advanced Melanoma: Results from a Pilot Study
Authors: Khattak Muhammad A. , Reid Anna , Freeman James , Pereira Michelle , McEvoy Ashleigh , Lo Johnny , Frank Markus H. , Meniawy Tarek , Didan Ali , Spencer Isaac , Amanuel Benhur , Millward Michael , Ziman Melanie , Gray Elin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
PD-1 inhibitors are routinely used for the treatment of advanced melanoma. This study sought to determine whether PD-L1 expression on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can serve as a predictive biomarker of clinical benefit and response to treatment with the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab.

Methods
Blood samples were collected from patients with metastatic melanoma receiving pembrolizumab, prior to treatment and 6–12 weeks after initiation of therapy. Multiparametric flow cytometry was used to identify CTCs and evaluate the expression of PD-L1.

Results
CTCs were detected in 25 of 40 patients (63%). Patients with detectable PD-L1+ CTCs (14/25, 64%) had significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) compared with patients with PD-L1− CTCs (26.6 months vs. 5.5 months; p = .018). The 12-month PFS rates were 76% versus 22% in the PD-L1+ versus PD-L1− CTCs groups (p = .012), respectively. A multivariate linear regression analysis confirmed that PD-L1+ CTC is an independent predictive biomarker of PFS (hazard ratio, 0.229; 95% confidence interval, 0.052–1.012; p = .026).

Conclusion
Our results reveal the potential of CTCs as a noninvasive real-time biopsy to evaluate PD-L1 expression in patients with melanoma. PD-L1 expression on CTCs may be predictive of response to pembrolizumab and longer PFS.
Novel Risk Scoring System for Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Martini Dylan J. , Liu Yuan , Shabto Julie M. , Carthon Bradley C. , Hitron Emilie Elise , Russler Greta Anne , Caulfield Sarah , Kissick Haydn T. , Harris Wayne B. , Kucuk Omer , Master Viraj A. , Bilen Mehmet Asim 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) criteria are the gold standard for risk-stratifying patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC). We developed a novel risk scoring system for patients with mRCC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 100 ICI-treated patients with mRCC at Winship Cancer Institute from 2015 to 2018. Several baseline variables were collected, including markers of inflammation, body mass index (BMI), and sites of metastatic disease, and all were considered for inclusion in our risk scoring system. Upon variable selection in multivariable model, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), BMI, and number and sites of metastases at baseline were used for risk score calculation. Patients were categorized using four-level risk groups as good (risk score = 0), intermediate (risk score = 1), poor (risk score = 2), or very poor (risk score = 3–4). Cox's proportional hazard model and the Kaplan-Meier method were implemented for survival outcomes.ResultsMost patients were male (66%) with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (72%). The majority (71%) received anti–programmed cell death protein-1 monotherapy. Our risk scoring criteria had higher Uno's concordance statistics than IMDC in predicting overall survival (OS; 0.71 vs. 0.57) and progression-free survival (0.61 vs. 0.58). Setting good risk (MLR &lt;0.93, BMI ≥24, and D_Met = 0) as the reference, the OS hazard ratios were 29.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.64–238.9), 6.58 (95% CI, 0.84–51.68), and 3.75 (95% CI, 0.49–28.57) for very poor, poor, and intermediate risk groups, respectively.ConclusionRisk scoring using MLR, BMI, and number and sites of metastases may be an effective way to predict survival in patients with mRCC receiving ICI. These results should be validated in a larger, prospective study.
Combined Effect of Sarcopenia and Systemic Inflammation on Survival in Patients with Advanced Stage Cancer Treated with Immunotherapy
Authors: Bilen Mehmet Asim , Martini Dylan J. , Liu Yuan , Shabto Julie M. , Brown Jacqueline T. , Williams Milton , Khan Amir I. , Speak Alexandra , Lewis Colleen , Collins Hannah , Kissick Haydn T. , Carthon Bradley C. , Akce Mehmet , Shaib Walid L. , Alese Olatunji B. , Pillai Rathi N. , Steuer Conor E. , Wu Christina S. , Lawson David H. , Kudchadkar Ragini R. , El-Rayes Bassel F. , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Owonikoko Taofeek K. , Harvey R. Donald , Master Viraj A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Sarcopenia and inflammation have been associated with poor survival in patients with cancer. We explored the combined effects of these variables on survival in patients with cancer treated with immunotherapy.

Methods
We performed a retrospective review of 90 patients enrolled on immunotherapy-based phase I clinical trials at Emory University from 2009 to 2017. Baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were used as surrogates of inflammation. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was derived from the skeletal muscle density calculated from baseline abdominal computed tomography images. Optimal cutoffs for continuous inflammation biomarkers and SMI were determined by bias-adjusted log-rank test. A four-level risk stratification was used to create low-risk (PLR &lt;242 and nonsarcopenic), intermediate-risk (PLR &lt;242 and sarcopenic), high-risk (PLR ≥242 and nonsarcopenic), and very-high-risk (PLR ≥242 and sarcopenic) groups with subsequent association with survival.

Results
Most patients (59%) were male, and the most common cancers were melanoma (33%) and gastrointestinal (22%). Very high-risk, high-risk, and intermediate-risk patients had significantly shorter overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 8.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.65–27.01; p &lt; .001; HR, 5.32; CI, 1.96–14.43; p = .001; and HR, 4.01; CI, 1.66–9.68; p = .002, respectively) and progression-free survival (HR, 12.29; CI, 5.15–29.32; p &lt; .001; HR, 3.51; CI, 1.37–9.02; p = .009; and HR, 2.14; CI, 1.12–4.10; p = .022, respectively) compared with low-risk patients.

Conclusion
Baseline sarcopenia and elevated inflammatory biomarkers may have a combined effect on decreasing survival in immunotherapy-treated patients in phase I trials. These data may be immediately applicable for medical oncologists for the risk stratification of patients beginning immunotherapeutic agents.