bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL KUBIS UNGU (Brassica oleraceae L.) MENURUNKAN KADAR MALONDIALDEHID DAN JUMLAH MAKROFAG JARINGAN PARU TIKUS YANG TERPAPAR ASAP ROKOK
Authors: Ganesha I Gde Haryo , Linawati Ni Made , Satriyasa Bagus Komang 
Published: September 2020

Asap rokok merupakan polutan bagi manusia dan lingkungan. Asap rokok mengandung senyawa radikal bebas yang akan menyebabkan stres oksidatif. Pada kondisi stres oksidatif, radikal bebas menyebabkan peroksidasi lipid membran sel dan merusak organisasi membran sel ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar MDA dan peningkatan jumlah makrofag pada paru. Penggunaan antioksidan dari tumbuhan seperti kubis ungu yang mengandung senyawa flavonoid menjadi salah satu alternative untuk menetralisir terjadinya peningkatan malondialdehyde (MDA) dan peningkatan jumlah makrofag pada paru. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan post-test control group design yang menggunakan 36 ekor tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan, berumur 2-3 bulan, dengan berat badan 200 gram. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa rerata jumlah rerata kadar malondialdehyde (MDA) pada kelompok (P0) adalah 4,575±2,034 dan pada kelompok (P1) adalah 2,451±1,036 (p < 0,001). Sedangkan untuk rerata jumlah makrofag pada kelompok (P0) adalah 4,294±0,619, dan kelompok (P1) adalah 1,839±0,624, (p < 0,000). Hasil ini menunjukan secara bermakna bahwa pemberian ekstrak kubis ungu (Brassica oleraceavar. capitata L.) pada tikus galur wistar (Rattus norvegicus) jantan dapat menurunkan kadar malondialdehyde (MDA) dan dapat menurunkan jumlah makrofag pada paru. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol kubis ungu pada tikus galur wistar jantan dapat menurunkan kadar malondialdehyde (MDA) dan dapat menurunkan jumlah makrofag pada paru. tikus galur wistar jantan yang dipaparkan asap rokok sebanyak 3 batang selama 14 hari.
STUDI RETROSPEKTIF PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIVITAS TETES MATA DENGAN DEKSAMETASON DAN TANPA DEKSAMETASON DALAM MENGATASI KONJUNGTIVITIS
Authors: Meriyani Herleeyana , Ciptawati Ni Wayan , Udayani Ni Nyoman Wahyu 
Published: September 2020

Konjungtivitis adalah inflamasi yang terjadi pada konjungtiva yang secara umum dapat disebabkan oleh infeksi (bakteri, virus), gangguan system imun, gangguan mekanik, maupun neoplastic. Saat ini konjungtivitis masih menjadi masalah kesehatan mata di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan waktu sembuh 2 sediaan yang sudah sering digunakan di Indonesia, dimana sediaan pertama mengandung Neomycin sulphate polymixin B sulphate dan gramicidin dan sediaan kedua mengandung Neomycin sulphate, Polymyxin B sulphate dan dexamethasone dalam mengatasi konjungtivitis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non eksperimental yaitu Cross Sectional dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif di salah satu rumah sakit pemerintah di Bali. Sample diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling dan pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan data sekunder yaitu catatan rekam medis. Subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 56 orang yang terdiri atas 53,57% laki-laki dan 46,43% perempuan. Dilihat dari usia subjek terbanyak ada pada rentang usia 17-30 tahun (28,60%), mayoritas subjek menderita konjungtivitis di salah satu mata sebanyak 51,8%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa penggunaan penggunaan sediaan yang mengandung Neomycin sulphate, Polymyxin B sulphate dan dexamethasone memiliki waktu sembuh yang lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan Neomycin sulphate polymixin B sulphate dan gramicidin (p<0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan tetes mata antibiotic dikombinasi dengan dexamethasone lebih efektif untuk mengatasi konjungtivitis dibandingkan dengan tetes mata tanpa dexamethasone dilihat dari waktu sembuh.
Economic Indicators of Labor Market and Governmental Policies to be Taken for Their Improvement: The Case of Albania
Authors: Deda Eriona , Brajshori Behxhet , Krasniqi Drita 
Published: September 2020

In this study, we are focused on the analysis of labor market based on economic indicators such as employment, unemployment, and participation in the labor force by trimester data of year 2018 and 2019. Such data have been provided by INSTAT (Institute of Statistics, Albania) publications related to employment rate, unemployment of the population and participation in labor forces in accordance with age group and gender, and after their being elaborated and analyzed, the relevant conclusions have been drawn. In our work, we have used the descriptive method, based in comparative analysis expressed in percentage in relation to economic indicators that we have used in our study. The descriptive analysis is also focused on the interpretation of charts and graphics relying on comparative analysis of age group and gender by trimester and annual change. This study’s purpose mainly aims to show the trimester and annual change for economic indicators that we have taken into study such as employment and unemployment rate and participation in labor forces. The difference between these trimester and annual indicators has been taken in analysis by analyzing the average degree of the respective changes. This study also aims to determine which are some measurements and governmental policies that must be undertaken to improve such economic indicators.
Uma nova proposta para a modelagem da propagação de epidemias
Authors: Kulpel Alexandre R. N. 
Published: September 2020

Desde os primórdios da história a humanidade convive que doenças, muitas com um nível de letalidade e potencial epidêmico relativamente baixo, mas defrontando-se por vezes com epidemias que se desenvolvem com consequências catastróficas e ultrapassando até as barreiras continentais. Este artigo busca entender os mecanismos utilizados atualmente para modelar a propagação de epidemias ao longo da história mais recente e propor ferramentas econceitos que permitam compreender, combater e prevenir a ocorrência de novos surtos epidêmicos.
Memórias Blindadas
Authors: Barbosa Leonardo da Silva 
Published: September 2020

Especialmente nas últimas décadas, tem-se visto, nas principais cidades brasileiras, uma maior valorização do patrimônio histórico, cultural, bem como equipamentos de lazer. Para além do potencial atrativo turístico destes objetos, com o uso e presença constante no cotidiano dos habitantes destes centros, tende-se a formar vínculos de afeto. O presente ensaio etnográfico, então, busca compreender como se dá a relação dos sujeitos próximos (moradores ou não) a um equipamento de lazer (e patrimônio histórico-cultural) importante do município de São Bernardo do Campo (SP): a Cidade da Criança. Por meio de entrevistas com moradores e trabalhadores locais, percebem-se relações e vínculos distintos, dependendo do papel exercido no território.

In the last decades, it has been seen, in the main Brazilian cities, a greater appreciation of historical and cultural patrimony as well as leisure facilities. In addition to the touristic attraction potential of these objects, with the constant use and presence in the daily life it tends to form bonds of affection with the inhabitants of these centers. The present ethnographic essay, then, seeks to understand the relationship of an important leisure equipment (and historical and cultural patrimony as well) of São Bernardo do Campo (SP) with its closest neighbours (residents or not). Through interviews with local residents and workers, different relationships and links are perceived, depending on the role played in the territory.
Participação dos coletivos de cultura da zona sul da cidade de São Paulo na formulação da lei de fomento à cultura da periferia
Authors: Medina Graciela Medina Rivera Guillén 
Published: September 2020

RESUMO
O marco da redemocratização brasileira estabelecido na concretização da Constituição Federal de 1988 abriu portas para a participação social, corroborando uma gestão pública sustentada em pilares democráticos. É pretensão deste artigo a apresentação de um movimento organizado da sociedade cujo objetivo foi a criação e implementação de uma política capaz de dar respaldo às demandas no campo da cultura na periferia da cidade de São Paulo, algo possibilitado pelo cenário da democracia participativa. Ademais, propõe-se uma discussão acerca do conceito de política pública em contraposição à ação pública.
Palavras-chave: participação, cultura, política pública, ação pública.

ABSTRACT
The framework of Brazilian redemocratization established in the implementation of the Federal Constitution of 1988 opened doors for social participation, corroborating public management based on democratic pillars. This article aims to present an organized movement of society whose objective was the creation and implementation of a policy capable of supporting the demands in the field of culture in the periphery of the city of São Paulo, which was possible by the scenario of participatory democracy. In addition, it is proposed a discussion about the concept of public policy as opposed to public action.
Key words: participation, culture, public policy, public action.
Inspirasi Kisah Dalam Menstimulasi Character Building Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Mariana Mariana 
Published: September 2020

The greatest trust of parents and educators is to build character and quip a child with knowledge. Television shows are examples of audio-visual media that affect children’s characteristics. Early childhood is a vulnerable age in all directions of learning. Character planting will be formed easily without thinking deeply about themselves. The choice of their chois can make them behave, speak, speak or can be interpreted as the character that grows will resemble what they often hear and see. This research uses qualitative case study approaches. The technique used and data retrieval uses observation, interviews, documentation and data analysis. The object used as the informant in this study was determined purposively, the reasis more, namely eight early childhood on the road Dewi Khunthi Pulosari Jambon Ponorogo. The results of the study show that there are character education values in the cartoon upin and ipin. There is huge enthusiasm of early childhood in the way of Dewi khunthi. That even character figures in animated film Upin and Ipin provide a stimulus in planting the character of early childhood in accordanece with early childhood development, enter and provide effective example in fosting early childhood character.
Origins of Mass Segregation in Stellar Clusters within the STARFORGE Simulations
Authors: Markey Carleen , Guszejnov Dávid , Offner Stella S. R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Stellar clusters formed within Giant Molecular Clouds are mass segregated. This is either because massive stars are born at the center of the clusters, or because they migrate to the center due to gravitational interactions. We analyze a run from the STARFORGE simulation suite to identify what role the above processes play in determining mass segregation. We find that clusters begin as inversely- or non-mass segregated but contain separate mass-segregated star formation sites. As the cluster evolves, these substructures merge, and the overall cluster becomes more mass segregated due to gravitational interactions.
A Reader Friendly Formalism for the Circumstellar Material-supernova Ejecta Interaction Model
Authors: Liu Liang-Duan , Wang Ling-Jun , Gao He 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The interaction of a SN ejecta with a pre-existing circumstellar material (CSM) is one of the most promising energy sources for a variety of optical transients. Recently, a semi-analytic method developed by Chatzopoulos et al. (2012, hereafter CWV12) has been commonly used to describe the optical light curve behaviors under such a scenario. We find that the expressions for many key results in CWV12 are too complicated for readers to make order of magnitude estimation or parameter dependency judgement. Based on the same physical picture, here we independently re-derive all the formulae and re-establish a set of reader friendly formula expressions. Nevertheless, we point out and correct some minor errors or typos existing in CWV12.
Review of Machine Learning Technologies and Neural Networks in Drug Synergy Combination pharmacological research
Authors: Ter-Levonian Artur S. , Koshechkin Konstantin A. 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Nowadays an increase in the amount of information creates the need to replace and update data process­ing technologies. One of the tasks of clinical pharmacology is to create the right combination of drugs for the treatment of a particular disease. It takes months and even years to create a treatment regimen. Using machine learning (in silico) allows predicting how to get the right combination of drugs and skip the experimental steps in a study that take a lot of time and financial expenses. Gradual preparation is needed for the Deep Learning of Drug Synergy, starting from creating a base of drugs, their characteristics and ways of interacting.
Aim: Our review aims to draw attention to the prospect of the introduction of Deep Learning technology to predict possible combinations of drugs for the treatment of various diseases.
Materials and methods: Literary review of articles based on the PUBMED project and related bibliographic resources over the past 5 years (2015–2019).
Results and discussion: In the analyzed articles, Machine or Deep Learning completed the assigned tasks. It was able to determine the most appropriate combinations for the treatment of certain diseases, select the necessary regimen and doses. In addition, using this technology, new combinations have been identified that may be further involved in preclinical studies.
Conclusions: From the analysis of the articles, we obtained evidence of the positive effects of Deep Learning to select “key” combinations for further stages of preclinical research.
Patrimonialisation « sauvage » et archéologie industrielle de la musique yéménite
Authors: Lambert Jean , al-Akouri Rafik 
Published: September 2020

Les premiers enregistrements commerciaux de musique yéménite furent réalisés à Aden, à la fin des années 1930, à l’époque de la colonie britannique. Ces disques 78 tours furent d’abord édités par une compagnie étrangère, Odeon, puis par plusieurs compagnies locales, dont Aden Crown, Jafferphon et Tahaphon. Rapidement, c’est l’ensemble des traditions musicales urbaines du Yémen, ṣanʿānī, laḥǧī, ḥaḍramī, etc., qui furent ainsi reconnues et diffusées dans l’ensemble du pays, entre 1935 et 1960. On évalue ces premiers enregistrements à plusieurs milliers de disques. Cependant, ils sont encore très mal connus, et il est difficile d’en établir une chronologie, les divers documents disponibles n’étant jamais datés. Dès lors, cette recherche doit recourir à une sorte d’« archéologie industrielle et musicale » tentant de délimiter des fourchettes de dates, des périodes et des corrélations temporelles de manière approximative. Simultanément, l’actuelle « patrimonialisation sauvage » de ces musiques sur la Toile permet un accès aisé à beaucoup d’enregistrements sonores sur les plateformes grand public, en particulier YouTube. Ceci représente un progrès immense pour le processus d’inventaire, mais aussi une solution de stockage très aléatoire que la recherche doit essayer de compenser par un effort accru de documentation, notamment par l’élaboration d’une base de données. La réception des disques par la société yéménite durant ces vingt-cinq années prolifiques du xxe siècle nous montre que ces disques eurent une influence importante sur la pratique musicale, ainsi que sur un aspect plus subtil de la musique yéménite : la définition des genres régionaux qui eut une grande importance dans la construction de l’identité culturelle des Yéménites même à une époque plus récente.
Aziz El‑Shawan
Authors: Castelo‑Branco Salwa El‑Shawan 
Published: September 2020

This article proposes a politically and culturally situated preliminary reading of the biographical and artistic trajectory of Aziz El‑Shawan (1916–1993), a cosmopolitan and nationalist Egyptian composer. The article characterizes the two cosmopolitan cultural formations in Cairo in which he partook and their impact on his career and music: a «modernist capitalist» formation which developed within the framework of colonial rule and the Egyptian monarchy from the late nineteenth century up to the 1952 Egyptian revolution; and a «modernist socialist» formation, partly configured by Soviet political and cultural influence, from the late 1950s up to the early 1970s. The article describes how Aziz El‑Shawan became a composer, the phases of his artistic and professional career and his musical style.
Recording Culture
Authors: Puig Nicolas 
Published: September 2020

Halim el-Dabh (1921-2017) est un collecteur et pionnier des musiques électroniques qui fait aujourd’hui l’objet d’une redécouverte par une nouvelle génération de musiciens égyptiens qui voient en lui un précurseur national. El‑Dabh proposa en effet dès 1944 l’une des premières compositions mondiales électroniques à partir de sons sélectionnés et transformés, à partir de son propre enregistrement effectué dans sa ville natale du Caire. Cette œuvre, avec d’autres du même genre, et le parcours de ce musicien éclectique à la fois compositeur et universitaire, éclaire d’un jour inédit la production et la restitution des savoirs anthropologiques. Ces savoirs ne sont pas tant élaborés à partir d’une « écriture des cultures » que dans l’acte et l’art de les enregistrer et de les restituer sous différentes formes, y compris artistiques. Ce texte s’intéresse à la jeunesse de Halim El‑Dabh pour restituer autant que possible son itinéraire dans un moment technologique et culturel égyptien, tout en le rapportant à des dynamiques plus globales. Car, à l’instar d’autres figures du xxe siècle, Halim El‑Dabh développe des articulations inédites entre collecte, recherche et création qui questionnent les dynamiques coloniales et néocoloniales de conservation et restitution des musiques, et plus largement de production des savoirs.
Archives sauvages et bootleggers des musiques arabes
Authors: France Pierre 
Published: September 2020

Pour quiconque tenterait de compléter et mettre à jour une liste des archives des musiques arabes, la tâche nécessite désormais autant un travail dans les bibliothèques et les archives (publiques mais surtout privées), qu’une capacité à interroger le web et ses usages par de nouveaux entrepreneurs de patrimonialisation, et plus encore sur de nouveaux types de musique. Retraçant l’histoire de ces sites qui ont de fait numérisé et proposé à la diffusion des musiques arabes jusque‑là jamais écoutées au-delà d’un certain cercle (social ou national), ou bien facilité la diffusion de grands classiques autrement impossibles à acheter ou écouter légalement, cet article vise à dégager les formes de cet espace social (et de ses clivages), mais aussi à proposer une réflexion sur les pratiques et le type de patrimonialisation qui s’y joue, qualifiée ici de « sauvage » à la suite des travaux de Cyril Isnart (2009), et où l’on peut distinguer une catégorie spécifique d’acteurs proches des bootleggers d’habitude associés à la musique pop‑rock.
Epidemiology of Boys' Club Lacrosse Injuries During the 2018 Summer Lacrosse Season
Authors: McGinnis Ian William , Mair K. Ellis F. , Mansell Jamie , Collins Christy 
Published: September 2020

Context
In the past 10 years, participation in boys' youth and high school lacrosse has increased by 33%. Among many club teams and tournaments, athletes may not have access to medical coverage. Additionally, these athletes face a higher volume of play than in traditional scholastic sport settings.

Objective
To describe the injury characteristics of boys' nonscholastic youth and high school club lacrosse athletes over the course of a summer season.

Design
Descriptive epidemiology study.

Patients or Other Participants
Boys' nonscholastic youth and high school lacrosse athletes, aged 8 to 18 years, who competed in tournaments.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Athletic trainers at tournaments were given standardized injury report forms to document patient encounters. These reports were then entered into the Datalys Injury Surveillance Tool.

Results
Over the summer tournament season, 233 injuries were reported in 109 342 athlete-exposures (AEs) for an injury rate of 2.13 per 1000 AEs (95% confidence interval = 1.87, 2.42). The most frequently injured body parts were the head and/or face (n = 51, 22%), arm and/or elbow (n = 34, 15%), and hand and/or wrist (n = 29, 12%). The most common diagnoses were contusions (n = 63, 27%), concussions (n = 44, 19%), fractures (n = 39, 17%), and sprains (n = 35, 15%). The most often injured position was midfielder (n = 65, 41%), followed by defense (n = 48, 30%), attack (n = 36, 23%), and goalkeeper (n = 9, 6%). The concussion rate was 0.4 per 1000 AEs (95% confidence interval = 0.28, 0.52).

Conclusions
The injury rate experienced by boys' nonscholastic club lacrosse athletes was similar to the rates of their high school counterparts as well as school-sponsored football and wrestling athletes. Because of the risk of injury, athletic training services should be available for youth and high school club lacrosse tournaments.
Patient Care Documentation in the Secondary School Setting: Unique Challenges and Needs
Authors: Kasamatsu Tricia M. , Nottingham Sara L. , Eberman Lindsey E. , Neil Elizabeth R. , Welch Bacon Cailee E. 
Published: September 2020

Context
Athletic trainers (ATs) recognize patient care documentation as an important part of clinical practice. However, ATs using 1 electronic medical record (EMR) platform reported low accountability and lack of time as barriers to documentation. Whether ATs using paper, other EMRs, or a combined paper-electronic system exhibit similar behaviors or experience similar challenges is unclear.

Objective
To explore ATs' documentation behaviors and perceived challenges while using various systems to document patient care in the secondary school setting.

Design
Qualitative study.

Setting
Individual telephone interviews.

Patients or Other Participants
Twenty ATs (12 women, 8 men; age = 38 ± 14 years; clinical experience = 15 ± 13 years; from National Athletic Trainers' Association Districts 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10) were recruited via purposeful and snowball-sampling techniques.

Data Collection and Analysis
Two investigators conducted semistructured interviews, which were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Following the consensual qualitative research tradition, 3 researchers independently coded transcripts in 4 rounds using a codebook to confirm codes, themes, and data saturation. Multiple researchers, member checking, and peer reviewing were the methods used to triangulate data and enhance trustworthiness.

Results
The secondary school setting was central to 3 themes. The ATs identified challenges to documentation, including lack of time due to high patient volume and multiple providers or locations where care was provided. Oftentimes, these challenges affected their documentation behaviors, including the process of and criteria for whether to document or not, content documented, and location and timing of documentation. To enhance patient care documentation, ATs described the need for more professional development, including resources or specific guidelines and viewing how documentation has been used to improve clinical practice.

Conclusions
Challenges particular to the secondary school setting affected ATs' documentation behaviors, regardless of the system used to document care. Targeted professional development is needed to promote best practices in patient care documentation.