bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fifth‐generation new radio fiber‐wireless system for long‐reach and enhanced mobile broadband scenarios
Authors: Borges Ramon M. , Pereira Luiz Augusto M. , Ferreira Alexandre C. , Mendes Luciano L. , Spadoti Danilo H. , Cerqueira Sodré Arismar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis work reports the implementation of a fifth‐generation (5G) new radio (NR) fiber‐wireless (FiWi) system for long‐reach and enhanced mobile broadband scenarios. The proposed 5G NR FiWi system includes a 12.5 km optical distribution network based on radio over fiber technology, a 7.5 km supercell in a rural area using the 700 MHz band, digital pre‐distortion (DPD), equalization and a Gbit/s indoor femtocell operating in the 26 GHz band. The 5G NR standard has been applied and DPD and equalization have been efficiently employed to enhance the system performance in mm‐waves. Furthermore, experimental results demonstrate successful implementations of a femtocell with 4 Gbit/s throughput and only 4.6% error vector magnitude, as well as a large cell with 33 Mbit/s throughput and 7.51‐km reach.
Effects of protected areas on welfare of local households: The case of Maasai Mara National Reserve in Kenya
Authors: Mojo Dagne , Oduor Ayub M. O. , Fu Chao , Bai Yunli , Long Huaping , Wang Guoqin , Zhang Linxiu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Protected areas are vital for biodiversity conservation although some have been criticized for not providing adequate socio‐economic benefits to local people. Yet, empirical studies on socio‐economic impacts of protected areas that control for confounding factors are rare.

Here, we assessed the potential impacts of Maasai Mara National Reserve in south‐western Kenya on welfare (indicated by levels of income, consumption and assets) of, and poverty incidence among, 423 randomly selected local households. We used descriptive statistics to summarize demographic and socio‐economic statuses of the households. Then, we estimated effects of the protected area on welfare of the households using ordinary least‐squares regression models and entropy balancing.

The protected area did not have a statistically significant effect on welfare of, and poverty levels among the households. Households that lived within a 5 km radius of the protected area boundary incurred significantly higher economic costs related to crop destruction and livestock depredation than households that lived 5–25 km from the boundary. Nevertheless, the majority of the households (86%) held positive views about the protected area due to its conservation role and direct and indirect benefits that they had already gained and expected to gain from it in the future.

These results suggest that interventions are needed to reduce economic losses caused by wildlife from the protected area and improve its social and economic benefits to local households.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Extrusion of highly filled flexible polymer sheet
Authors: Deshmukh Shruti , Burbine Stephen , Keaney Erin , Banerjee Shib Shankar , Panwar Artee , Peters Christopher , Herndon Mary , Rockosi Derrick , Mead Joey , Barry Carol 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHighly‐filled polymer systems include color masterbatches, feedstocks for powder injection molding, and rigid sheets with high levels of flame retardants, but they have not been explored for flexible sheet. This work investigated the (a) selecting a polymer matrix with enough melt strength and flexibility to form a stable sheet with high filler loading, (b) the maximum achievable filler loading for the sheet, and (c) optimizing the process of extruding a highly‐filled flexible polymer system. Extrusion grade low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) provided sufficient flexibility and permitted a maximum filler loading of 36 vol% (~78 wt%). Good dispersion of the nanoparticle filler, however, required two passes through multiple screw extruders and a small reduction in the viscosity of the LDPE. Sheet with thickness of 415 μm, surface roughness of <1 μm, and sufficient flexibility was extruded continuously at a rate of 10 m/min., but it required a more traditional coat hanger manifold to prevent filler hang up in the sheet die. The filler particles were distributed uniformly through the core and skin of the sheet, giving the sheet good mechanical properties.
Paying the price for standing tall: Fluid mechanics of prostate pathology
Authors: Gat Yigal , Joshua Sharon , Vuk‐Pavlović Stanimir , Goren Menachem 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAge‐dependent increase in the incidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) are both related to cell proliferation and survival controlled by intraprostatic free testosterone (FT) concentration. Paradoxically, BPH and PCa occur as circulating testosterone levels decrease, so any possible relationship between testosterone levels and development of BPH and PCa remains obscure.ResultsIn BPH the enlarging prostate is exposed to high testosterone levels arriving directly from the testes at concentrations about hundredfold higher than systemic FT. This occurs because venous blood from the testes is diverted into the prostate due to the elevated hydrostatic pressure of blood in the internal spermatic veins (ISVs). Elevated pressure is caused by the destruction of one‐way valves (clinically detected as varicocele), a unique phenomenon related to human erect posture. While standing, human males are ISVs vertically oriented, resulting in high intraluminal hydrostatic pressures—a phenomenon not found in quadrupeds. In this communication, we demonstrate the fluid mechanics' phenomena at the basis of varicocele leading to prostate pathology.ConclusionsSo far, varicocele has been studied mostly for its etiologic role in male infertility and, thus, for its effects on the testes. It is becoming clear that varicocele is a major etiologic factor in BPH and likely also in PCa. Restoring normal testicular venous pressure by treatment of the abnormal ISV's in varicocele has been shown to avert the flow from the prostate with the effect of reducing prostate volume, alleviating symptoms of BPH, and increasing concentrations of circulating FT.
Escherichia coli, a common constituent of benign prostate hyperplasia‐associated microbiota induces inflammation and DNA damage in prostate epithelial cells
Authors: Jain Sumeet , Samal Ajit Gopal , Das Biswajit , Pradhan Biswaranjan , Sahu Nilanjan , Mohapatra Debasish , Behera Prativa Kumari , Satpathi Partha Sarathi , Mohanty Akshaya K. , Satpathi Sanghamitra , Senapati Shantibhusan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe role of microbiota in the pathophysiology of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), especially in creating an inflammatory milieu may not be avoided. The major objectives of this study were to investigate the microbial composition of BPH tissues, its association with inflammation and check the effect of clinically isolated bacteria on prostate epithelial cells.MethodsThe study includes 36 patients with a pathological diagnosis of BPH. Following strict aseptic measures, tissues were collected after transurethral resection of prostate, multiple pieces of the resected tissues were subjected to histopathological analysis, bacterial culture and genomic DNA extraction. Microbial composition was analyzed by culture and/or next‐generation sequencing methods. Annotation of operational taxonomy unit has been done with an in‐house algorithm. The extent of inflammation was scored through histological evaluation of tissue sections. The effect of clinical isolates on nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activity and induction of DNA‐damage in the prostate epithelial cells were evaluated.ResultsHistopathological analysis of the BPH tissues showed the presence of inflammation in almost all the tissues with a varied level at different regions of the same tissue section and the level of overall inflammation was different from patients to patients. Microbial culture of tissue samples showed the presence of live bacteria in 55.5% (20 out of 36) of the patient tissues. Majority of the isolates were coagulase‐positive Staphylococcus, E. coli and Micrococcus spp. Further, V3 16S rRNA sequencing of the DNA isolated from BPH tissues showed the presence of multiple bacteria and the most common phylum in the BPH tissues were found to be Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. The E. coli, isolated from one of the tissue was able to activate NF‐κB and induce DNA damage in prostate epithelial cells. Phospho‐histone γH2A.X staining confirmed the presence of cells with damaged DNA lesion in BPH tissues and also correlated with the severity of inflammation.ConclusionOur study has shown that the BPH tissues do have a divergent microbial composition including the commonly found E. coli (phylum Proteobacteria), and these bacteria might contribute to the BPH‐associated inflammation and/or tissue damage. The BPH‐associated E. coli induced NF‐κB signaling and DNA damage in prostate epithelial cells in vitro.
Half‐metallicity, magnetism, mechanical, thermal, and phonon properties of FeCrTe and FeCrSe half‐Heusler alloys under pressure
Authors: Paudel Ramesh , Kaphle Gopi Chandra , Batouche Mohammed , Zhu Jingchuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe half‐metallicity of Heusler alloys is quite sensitive to high pressure and disorder. To understand this phenomenon better, we systematically studied the half‐metallic nature, magnetism, phonon, and thermomechanical properties of FeCrTe and FeCrSe Heusler alloys under high pressure using ab initio calculations based on density functional theory. The ground‐state lattice constants for FeCrTe and FeCrSe alloys are 5.93 and 5.57 Å, respectively, consistent with available theoretical results. Formation energy, cohesive energy, elastic constants, and phonon dispersion confirmed that both compounds are thermodynamically and mechanically stable. The FeCrTe and FeCrSe alloys showed a half‐metallic character with a band gap of 0.68 and 0.58 eV at 0 GPa pressure, respectively, and magnetic moments of 2.01 μB for both alloys, using generalized gradient approximation (GGA) approximation. FeCrTe alloy changes from metallic to half‐metallic above 30 GPa pressure using GGA + U. The elastic properties were scrutinized, and it was found that, at 0 GPa pressure, FeCrTe is ductile, and FeCrSe is brittle. Under pressure, FeCrSe becomes brittle above 10 GPa pressure. Average sound velocity Vm, Debye temperature ƟD, and heat capacity CV were predicted under pressure. These outcomes will improve the integration of Fe‐based half‐Heusler alloys in spintronic devices.
CEO emotions and firm valuation in initial coin offerings: An artificial emotional intelligence approach
Authors: Momtaz Paul P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryHow emotions impact firm valuation is empirically understudied because affective traits are difficult to quantify. However, using artificial emotional intelligence, positive and negative affects can be identified from facial muscle contraction‐relaxation patterns obtained from public CEO photos during initial coin offerings, that is, blockchain‐based issuances of cryptocurrency tokens to raise growth capital. The results suggest that CEO affects impact firm valuation in two ways. First, CEOs' own firm valuations conform more to those of industry peers if negative affects are pronounced (conformity mechanism). Second, investors use CEO affects as signals about firm value and discount when negative affects are salient (signaling mechanism). Both mechanisms are stronger in the presence of asymmetric information.Managerial SummaryThe purpose of this paper is to advance our understanding of how CEOs' affective traits influence firm valuation by both, CEOs themselves and investors. The effect of CEO emotions is plausibly particularly pronounced for start‐up firms, whose success prospects critically depend on their leaders. My results suggest that CEO emotions impact underpricing in initial coin offerings twofold. First, negative emotions are associated with CEOs choosing an underpricing level that closely conforms to their peer firms' average. Second, investors react to negative CEO emotions by demanding higher discounts on firm value. These effects are more pronounced when there is relatively little public information about the ICO firm. My paper is accompanied by artificial emotional intelligence software for implementation in practice and future research.
Polynomization of the Bessenrodt–Ono Inequality
Authors: Heim Bernhard , Neuhauser Markus , Tröger Robert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate a generalization of the Bessenrodt–Ono inequality by following Gian–Carlo Rota’s advice in studying problems in combinatorics and number theory in terms of roots of polynomials. We consider the number of k-colored partitions of n as special values of polynomials $$P_n(x)$$

P
n

(
x
)

. We prove for all real numbers $$x >2 $$

x
>
2

and $$a,b \in \mathbb {N}$$

a
,
b
∈
N

with $$a+b >2$$

a
+
b
>
2

the inequality: $$\begin{aligned} P_a(x) \, \cdot \, P_b(x) > P_{a+b}(x). \end{aligned}$$

P
a

(
x
)

·

P
b

(
x
)

>

P

a
+
b

(
x
)

.

We show that $$P_n(x) < P_{n+1}(x)$$

P
n

(
x
)

<

P

n
+
1

(
x
)

for $$x \ge 1$$

x
≥
1

, which generalizes $$p(n) < p(n+1)$$

p
(
n
)
<
p
(
n
+
1
)

, where p(n) denotes the partition function. Finally, we observe for small values, the opposite can be true, since, for example: $$P_2(-3+ \sqrt{10}) = P_{3}(-3 + \sqrt{10})$$

P
2

(
-
3
+

10

)

=

P
3

(
-
3
+

10

)

.
Do plant volatiles confuse rather than guide foraging behavior of the aphid hyperparasitoid Dendrocerus aphidum?
Authors: de Boer Jetske G. , Hollander Petra J. , Heinen Daan , Jagger Divya , van Sliedregt Pim , Salis Lucia , Kos Martine , Vet Louise E. M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMany species of parasitoid wasps use plant volatiles to locate their herbivorous hosts. These volatiles are reliable indicators of host presence when their emission in plants is induced by herbivory. Hyperparasitoids may also use information from lower trophic levels to locate their parasitoid hosts but little is known about the role of volatiles from the plant–host complex in the foraging behavior of hyperparasitoids. Here, we studied how Dendrocerus aphidum (Megaspilidae) responds to plant and host volatiles in a series of experiments. This hyperparasitoid uses aphid mummies as its host and hampers biological control of aphids by parasitoids in greenhouse horticulture. We found that D. aphidum females were strongly attracted to volatiles from mummy-infested sweet pepper plants, but only when clean air was offered as an alternative odor source in the Y-tube olfactometer. Hyperparasitoid females did not have a preference for mummy-infested plants when volatiles from aphid-infested or healthy pepper plants were presented as an alternative. These olfactory responses of D. aphidum were mostly independent of prior experience. Volatiles from the host itself were also highly attractive to D. aphidum, but again hyperparasitoid females only had a preference in the absence of plant volatiles. Our findings suggest that plant volatiles may confuse, rather than guide the foraging behavior of D. aphidum. Mummy hyperparasitoids, such as D. aphidum, can use a wide variety of mummies and are thus extreme generalists at the lower trophic levels, which may explain the limited role of (induced) plant volatiles in their host searching behavior.
Central values of L-functions of cubic twists
Authors: Rosu Eugenia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe are interested in finding for which positive integersDwe have rational solutions for the equation$$x^3+y^3=D.$$x3+y3=D.The aim of this paper is to compute the value of theL-function$$L(E_D, 1)$$L(ED,1)for the elliptic curves$$E_D: x^3+y^3=D$$ED:x3+y3=D. For the case ofpprime$$p\equiv 1\mod 9$$p≡1mod9, two formulas have been computed by Rodriguez-Villegas and Zagier. We have computed formulas that relate$$L(E_D, 1)$$L(ED,1)to the square of a trace of a modular function at a CM point. This offers a criterion for when the integerDis the sum of two rational cubes. Furthermore, when$$L(E_D, 1)$$L(ED,1)is nonzero we get a formula for the number of elements in the Tate–Shafarevich group and we show that this number is a square whenDis a norm in$${\mathbb {Q}}[\sqrt{-3}]$$Q[-3].
Thermal stress-related spatiotemporal variations in high-latitude coral reef benthic communities
Authors: Jones Nicholas P. , Figueiredo Joana , Gilliam David S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHigh-latitude coral reef communities have been postulated as the first areas to undergo reorganisation under climate change. Tropicalisation has been identified in some high-latitude communities and is predicted in others, but it is unclear how the resident benthic taxa are affected. We conducted a long-term (2007–2016) assessment of changes to benthic community cover in relation to thermal stress duration on the Southeast Florida Reef Tract (SEFRT). Thermal stress events, both hot and cold, had acute (thermal stress duration affected benthic cover that year) and chronic (thermal stress duration affected benthic cover the following year) impacts on benthic cover. Chronic heat stress was associated with declines in cover of the reef-building coral families Acroporidae, Montastraeidae, Meandrinidae, Mussidae and Siderastreidae, which coupled with the absence of cold stress and rising annual temperatures boosted macroalgae cover. Cover of smaller, weedy coral families, Poritidae, Agariciidae and Astrocoeniidae, was either unaffected or positively related to heat stress duration and rising mean temperature. Thermal stress was related to spatiotemporal variations in benthic cover on the SEFRT, likely enhanced by local stressors, such as elevated nutrients and sedimentation. Coral and octocoral cover declined within four of six sub-regions, sponge cover increased in half of the sub-regions, and macroalgae cover increased in four sub-regions during the study. Under current conditions, increased macroalgae and weedy coral cover are anticipated to inhibit reef recovery.
On Specific Factors in Graphs
Authors: Bujtás Csilla , Jendrol’ Stanislav , Tuza Zsolt 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt is well known that if $$G = (V, E)$$

G
=
(
V
,
E
)

is a connected multigraph and $$X\subset V$$

X
⊂
V

is a subset of even order, then G contains a spanning forest H such that each vertex from X has an odd degree in H and all the other vertices have an even degree in H. This spanning forest may have isolated vertices. If this is not allowed in H, then the situation is much more complicated. In this paper, we study this problem and generalize the concepts of even-factors and odd-factors in a unified form.
Biomechanical and metabolic aspects of backward (and forward) running on uphill gradients: another clue towards an almost inelastic rebound
Authors: Rasica L. , Porcelli S. , Minetti A. E. , Pavei G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
On level, the metabolic cost (C) of backward running is higher than forward running probably due to a lower elastic energy recoil. On positive gradient, the ability to store and release elastic energy is impaired in forward running. We studied running on level and on gradient to test the hypothesis that the higher metabolic cost and lower efficiency in backward than forward running was due to the impairment in the elastic energy utilisation.

Methods
Eight subjects ran forward and backward on a treadmill on level and on gradient (from 0 to + 25%, with 5% step). The mechanical work, computed from kinematic data, C and efficiency (the ratio between total mechanical work and C) were calculated in each condition.

Results
Backward running C was higher than forward running at each condition (on average + 35%) and increased linearly with gradient. Total mechanical work was higher in forward running only at the steepest gradients, thus efficiency was lower in backward running at each gradient.

Conclusion
Efficiency decreased by increasing gradient in both running modalities highlighting the impairment in the elastic contribution on positive gradient. The lower efficiency values calculated in backward running in all conditions pointed out that backward running was performed with an almost inelastic rebound; thus, muscles performed most of the mechanical work with a high metabolic cost. These new backward running C data permit, by applying the recently introduced ‘equivalent slope’ concept for running acceleration, to obtain the predictive equation of metabolic power during level backward running acceleration.
Combined systemic inflammation score (SIS) correlates with prognosis in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer receiving palliative chemotherapy
Authors: Markus M. , Abendroth A. , Noureddine R. , Paul A. , Breitenbuecher S. , Virchow I. , Schmid K. W. , Markus P. , Schumacher B. , Wiesweg M. , Wendling J. , Mende B. , Siveke J. T. , Schuler M. , Kasper S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The prognosis of patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains dismal. New cytotoxic agents such as nab-paclitaxel and liposomal irinotecan (nal-Iri) have extended the armamentarium of therapeutic options in the last years. Nowadays, sequential therapeutic strategies with moderately toxic chemotherapeutic protocols can be administered to the patients. However, prognostic and predictive biomarkers are still missing to identify those patients, which profit most from a “continuum of care” concept rather than receiving intensive first-line protocols such as FOLFIRINOX. To this end, we retrospectively evaluated the impact of the systemic inflammation as one essential hallmark of cancer in patients with advanced PDAC treated with sequential systemic.

Methods
A cohort of 193 PDAC patients treated at our center from January 2005 to August 2011 were retrospectively evaluated for the following systemic inflammatory response (SIR) markers: neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte–monocyte ratio (LMR) C-reactive protein (CRP), and the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS). SIR markers were correlated with clinico-pathological findings, response to chemotherapy and overall survival (OS) using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional models.

Results
All evaluated SIR markers were significantly associated with OS in patients with metastatic disease but not in patients with locally advanced PDAC. Interestingly, all SIR markers were only prognostic in patients not receiving antibiotics as surrogate marker for systemic bacterial infections. Based on the evaluated SIR markers, we propose a new Systemic Inflammation Score (SIS), which significantly correlated with reduced OS (HR: 3.418 (1.802–6.488, p < 0.001)) and the likelihood of receiving further-line systemic therapies (p = 0.028).

Conclusion
Routinely assessed SIR biomarkers have potential to support therapeutic decision making in patients with metastatic PDAC.