bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predation risk triggers copepod small-scale behavior in the Baltic Sea
Authors: MÖller Klas Ove , St. John Michael , Temming Axel , Diekmann Rabea , Peters Janna , Floeter Jens , Sell Anne F , Herrmann Jens-Peter , Gloe Dominik , Schmidt Jörn O , Hinrichsen Hans H , MÖllmann Christian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Predators not only have direct impact on biomass but also indirect, non-consumptive effects on the behavior their prey organisms. A characteristic response of zooplankton in aquatic ecosystems is predator avoidance by diel vertical migration (DVM), a behavior which is well studied on the population level. A wide range of behavioral diversity and plasticity has been observed both between- as well as within-species and, hence, investigating predator–prey interactions at the individual level seems therefore essential for a better understanding of zooplankton dynamics. Here we applied an underwater imaging instrument, the video plankton recorder (VPR), which allows the non-invasive investigation of individual, diel adaptive behavior of zooplankton in response to predators in the natural oceanic environment, providing a finely resolved and continuous documentation of the organisms’ vertical distribution. Combing observations of copepod individuals observed with the VPR and hydroacoustic estimates of predatory fish biomass, we here show (i) a small-scale DVM of ovigerous Pseudocalanus acuspes females in response to its main predators, (ii) in-situ observations of a direct short-term reaction of the prey to the arrival of the predator and (iii) in-situ evidence of pronounced individual variation in this adaptive behavior with potentially strong effects on individual performance and ecosystem functioning.
Effects of soil moisture, needle age and leaf morphology on carbon and oxygen uptake, incorporation and allocation: a dual labeling approach with 13CO2 and H218O in foliage of a coniferous forest
Authors: Wang Ao , Siegwolf Rolf T W , Joseph Jobin , Thomas Frank M , Werner Willy , Gessler Arthur , Rigling Andreas , Schaub Marcus , Saurer Matthias , Li Mai-He , Lehmann Marco M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of water and assimilates in plants reveals valuable information on plant responses to climatic conditions. Yet, the carbon and oxygen uptake, incorporation and allocation processes determining isotopic compositions are not fully understood. We carried out a dual-isotope labeling experiment at high humidity with 18O-enriched water (H218O) and 13C-enriched CO2 (13CO2) with attached Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) branches and detached twigs of hemiparasitic mistletoes (Viscum album ssp. austriacum) in a naturally dry coniferous forest, where also a long-term irrigation takes place. After 4 h of label exposure, we sampled previous- and recent-year leaves, twig phloem and twig xylem over 192 h for the analysis of isotope ratios in water and assimilates. For both species, the uptake into leaf water and the incorporation of the 18O-label into leaf assimilates was not influenced by soil moisture, while the 13C-label incorporation into assimilates was significantly higher under irrigation compared with control dry conditions. Species-specific differences in leaf morphology or needle age did not affect 18O-label uptake into leaf water, but the incorporation of both tracers into assimilates was two times lower in mistletoe than in pine. The 18O-label allocation in water from pine needles to twig tissues was two times higher for phloem than for xylem under both soil moisture conditions. In contrast, the allocation of both tracers in pine assimilates were similar and not affected by soil moisture, twig tissue or needle age. Soil moisture effects on 13C-label but not on 18O-label incorporation into assimilates can be explained by the stomatal responses at high humidity, non-stomatal pathways for water and isotope exchange reactions. Our results suggest that non-photosynthetic 18O-incorporation processes may have masked prevalent photosynthetic processes. Thus, isotopic variation in leaf water could also be imprinted on assimilates when photosynthetic assimilation rates are low.
Asymmetric acoustic signal recognition led to asymmetric gene flow between two parapatric frogs
Authors: Hsiao Yu-Wei , Tseng Hui-Yun , Nguyen Hung Ngoc , Lin Si-Min 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCorrect discrimination between courtship signals could help to maintain genetic integrity between closely related species. However, asymmetric usage of signals might cause asymmetric gene flow across the contact zone. Buergeria choui and B. otai are sibling-species with a parapatric distribution pattern in Taiwan, having two narrow contact zones on the east and west sides of the island. Combining behavioural experiments with genome-wide RAD-seq analyses, we test whether the ability of signal recognition influences genetic introgression across their species boundary. The playback experiments show that all B. choui populations respond strongest to their own ‘cricket’ trills, while the western population of B. otai have evolved a strong level of reproductive character displacement by showing the inclusive usage of the unique ‘chicken’ signals. In contrast, the eastern B. otai population uses both ‘chicken’ and ‘cricket’ trills, and has a stronger preference for the latter. The weak reproductive character displacement in the eastern population has led to asymmetry genetic introgression from B. choui toward B. otai. Our results support the prediction that a more specialized signal-user, compared to its sibling, generalized signal-user, might have a higher probability of maintaining their genetic integrity in the secondary contact region.
A randomized controlled trial for measuring effects on cognitive functions of adding ketamine to propofol during sedation for colonoscopy
Authors: Tian Liang , Luan Hengfei , Zhu Pin , Zhang Zhiyuan , Bao Hongguang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding ketamine to propofol on cognitive functions in patients undergoing sedation for colonoscopy.

Methods:
In this randomized, double-blinded, and controlled study, 200 patients were randomly allocated to ketamine/propofol admixture group (Group KP, n = 100), and propofol group (Group P, n = 100). Patients in Group KP received 0.25 mg/kg of ketamine and 0.5 mg/kg of propofol. Patients in Group P received 0.5 mg/kg propofol. Cognitive functions were measured using CogState battery before and after the colonoscopy procedure. Ninety five patients in Group KP and 92 patients in Group P had completed the CogStates tests and were included in the data analysis.

Results:
Compared with before procedure baseline, the performance on detection and identification tasks were significantly impaired after the procedure in both Group KP (P = .004, P = .001) and Group P patients (P = .005, P < .001). However, one-card learning accuracy and One-back memory was only impaired in Group KP patients (P = .006, P = .040) after the endoscopy but left intact in Group P patients. Group KP patients showed more severe impairment in one-card learning accuracy compared with Group P patients (P = .044). Group KP patients have better 5 minutes MAP (P = .005) and were also less likely to suffer from complications such as respiratory depression (P = .023) and hypotension (P = .015). OAA/S scores, BIS, MAP, complications, recovery times, and endoscopist and patient satisfaction were similar between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:
Although adding ketamine to propofol for sedation in colonoscopy provided fewer complications such as respiratory depression and hypotension, it also causes more impairment in cognitive functions.
Adult Jejuno-jejunal intussusception due to inflammatory fibroid polyp
Authors: Kao Yi-Kai , Chen Jian-Han 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Intussusception is defined as the invagination or telescoping of a proximal portion of the intestine into the distal portion of the intestine. Intussusception can occur at any age but is more common among children. Most cases of intussusception in adults have a pathological lead point. Inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP) is a rare benign tumor-like lesion arising from the submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract that can cause intussusception in adults. Here, we report a case of adult intussusception due to IFP. We also present a literature review of 31 reports including 34 cases between 2012 and December 2019, which shows a mean age of 45.4 ± 14.2 years and female dominance (23/34) of intussusception due to IFP.

Patient concerns:
A 47-year-old man presented with a half-day history of epigastric abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed distension and tenderness of the upper abdomen. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated intussusception of the jejunum along with a suspicious jejunal mass associated with mesenteric lymphadenopathies.

Diagnosis:
Intussusception of the jejunum along with a suspicious jejunal mass, and histopathological examination of the resected specimen showed IFP.

Interventions:
The patient underwent emergency laparotomy. The intussusception was resected without attempts for reduction.

Outcomes:
The postoperative period was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on the fourth postoperative day.

Lessons:
Intussusception in adults is rare, especially that secondary to IFP. The most commonly used diagnostic tool for adult intussusception is abdominal CT, and the optimal management is resection of the involved bowel segment without reduction if malignancy cannot be ruled out.
An Investigation of Tongue-Palatal Contact Changes in Patients With Skeletal Mandibular Lateral Deviation After Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy
Authors: Kaku Masato , Kojima Shotoku , Yamamoto Ichiro , Yamamoto Taeko , Kagawa Haruka , Shimoe Saiji , Tanimoto Kotaro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the changes in tongue-palatal contact patterns in patients with mandibular lateral deviation by electropalatography (EPG) before and after sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO). Ten mandibular asymmetry patients who underwent SSRO participated in the study. Tongue-palatal contact patterns for the production of /t/ and /s/ sounds were observed using EPG before surgery and 3 months after surgery, and the changes in EPG pattern were examined. The number of electrode contacts in the 2 vertical columns of the EPG plate was calculated both in the mandibular deviation side and the nondeviation side. The EPG patterns for /t/ and /s/ showed asymmetry before surgery but became normal after surgery. Before surgery, the number of electrode contacts in the 2 vertical columns in the mandibular deviation side was significantly lower than that in the nondeviation side and the normal participants during /t/ and /s/ articulation. However, the number of electrode contacts in the deviation side significantly increased after surgery. This study demonstrated that the tongue-palatal contact patterns for /t/ and /s/ articulation shifted to the direction of mandibular deviation and improved after SSRO.
Pharmacological Methods of Postoperative Pain Management After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Review of Meta-analyses
Authors: Eftekhariyazdi Mitra , Ansari Mojgan , Darvishi-Khezri Hadi , Zardosht Roghayeh 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the optimal approach for patients with symptomatic cholecystolithiasis. Although LC has some advantages, many patients experience postoperative pain.

Methods:
In this review, we aimed to study the available information and meta-analyses of pharmacological methods of postoperative pain management in patients undergoing LC. Two researchers conducted a literature search in multiple databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library). Papers on pharmacological management of postoperative pain for patients undergoing LC were considered eligible. All meta-analyses, with or without a systematic search, were included in our review. The researchers read the study titles and abstracts to identify relevant articles and appraise the full-text manuscripts. Of 145 papers, the full-text of 11 articles, which met the inclusion criteria, was studied. Information, including the authors’ names, publication data, type of review, patients’ characteristics, interventions, outcomes, sample size, pooled effect size, publication bias, and statistical and methodological heterogeneity, was extracted. The collected data were presented descriptively, without further statistical analysis.

Results and Conclusions:
Very low to low–quality evidence indicated that pharmacological agents, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, lidocaine, parecoxib, nefopam, dexamethasone, and magnesium sulfate, could decrease pain intensity in patients undergoing LC. Moreover, moderate to high–quality evidence showed that intravenous infusion of ketamine and opioids, as well as pregabalin, was effective in pain control. Further, robust clinical trials are needed with several arms (eg, pharmacological agents) to compare the efficacy and safety of analgesics under similar clinical conditions and to find optimal regimens for pain management in patients undergoing LC.
Precision association of lymphatic disease spread with radiation-associated toxicity in oropharyngeal squamous carcinomas
Authors: Wentzel Andrew , Luciani Timothy , van Dijk Lisanne V. , Taku Nicolette , Elgohari Baher , Mohamed Abdallah S. R. , Canahuate Guadalupe , Fuller Clifton D. , Vock David M. , Marai G. Elisabeta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeUsing a cohort of 582 head and neck cancer patients with nodal disease, we employed clustering over a novel graph-based geometrical representation of lymph node spread in order to identify groups of similar patients. We show that these groups are significantly correlated with radiation-associated dysphagia (RAD), and predictive of late aspiration and feeding tube toxicity.Materials and methodsAll patients received radiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) and had non-metastatic affected lymph nodes in the head and neck. Affected lymph nodes were segmented from pretreatment contrast-enhanced tomography scans and categorized according to consensus guidelines. Similar patients were clustered into 4 groups according to a graph-based representation of affected lymph nodes. Correlation between dysphagia associated symptoms and patient groups was calculated.ResultsOut of 582 patients, 26% (152) experienced toxicity during a follow up evaluation 6 months after completion of radiotherapy treatment. Patient groups identified by our approach were significantly correlated with dysphagia, feeding tube, and aspiration toxicity (p <.0005). Conclusion: Our work successfully stratified a patient cohort into similar groups using a structural geometry, graph-encoding of affected lymph nodes in OPC patients, that were predictive of late radiation-associated dysphagia. Our results suggest that structural geometry-aware characterization of affected lymph nodes can be used to better predict radiation-associated dysphagia at time of diagnosis, and better inform treatment guidelines.
Genetic associations of adult height with risk of cardioembolic and other subtypes of ischaemic stroke: a Mendelian randomisation study in multiple ancestries
Authors: Linden Andrew B , Clarke Robert , Hopewell Jemma C , Guo Yu , Whiteley William N , Lin Kuang , Turnbull Iain , Chen Yiping , Yu Canqing , Lv Jun , Offer Alison , Hammami Imen , Bennett Derrick , Walters Robin G , Li Liming , Chen Zhengming , Parish Sarah ,   for the China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTaller adult height is associated with lower risks of ischaemic heart disease in both observational and Mendelian randomisation studies, but little is known about the causal relevance of height for different subtypes of ischaemic stroke and the mechanisms involved.MethodsHeight-associated genetic variants (up to 2,931) from previous genome-wide association studies were used to construct genetic instruments in different populations. Two-sample Mendelian randomisation approaches were used to examine the associations of genetically-determined height with ischaemic stroke and its subtypes in multiple ancestries (MEGASTROKE: 60,341 ischaemic stroke cases) supported by additional cases in Europeans (UK Biobank: 4,055 cases) and in Chinese (China Kadoorie Biobank: 10,297 cases). The associations of genetically-determined height with established cardiovascular and other risk factors were also examined in Europeans (UK Biobank: 336,750 participants) and Chinese (China Kadoorie Biobank: 58,277 participants).ResultsGenetically-determined height was inversely associated with ischaemic stroke (4% [95% CI: 1–7] lower risk per 1 standard deviation taller height in MEGASTROKE). This masked much stronger opposing associations of height with different subtypes, with a 12% (95% CI: 6–17) higher risk of cardioembolic stroke, 11% (6–16) lower risk of large-artery stroke, and 14% (9–18) lower risk of small-vessel stroke. Genetically-determined height was strongly positively associated with atrial fibrillation, lean body mass and lung function, and inversely associated with levels of LDL cholesterol and blood pressure in both Europeans and Chinese.ConclusionsIn multiple ancestries, genetic associations support the causal relevance of taller adult height for higher risk of cardioembolic stroke (in addition to atrial fibrillation) and lower risk of other ischaemic strokes, highlighting the need to properly differentiate subtypes of ischaemic stroke in both clinical practice and research.
Evaluation of indirect damage and damage saturation effects in dose-response curves of hypofractionated radiotherapy of early-stage NSCLC and brain metastases
Authors: Gago-Arias Araceli , Neira Sara , Pombar Miguel , Gómez-Caamaño Antonio , Pardo-Montero Juan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn this work we aim to investigate the possible contribution of indirect damage and damage saturation to tumor control probabilities (TCP) obtained with SBRT/SRS treatments for early-stage NSCLC and brain metastases.MethodsWe have constructed a dataset of early-stage NSCLC and brain metastases response to different fractionations. Dose-response curves were fitted to models based on the linear-quadratic (LQ), the linear-quadratic-linear (LQL), and phenomenological modifications of the LQ model to account for indirect cell damage. We used the Akaike-Information-Criterion formalism to compare performance, and studied the stability of the results with changes in fitting parameters and perturbations on dose/TCP values.ResultsIn NSCLC, a modified LQ model with a beta-term increasing with dose yields better results than the LQ model. This rank remains consistent when different fitting parameters are changed, and only the inclusion of very fast accelerated proliferation can eliminate the superiority of the modified LQ. In brain, the LQL model yields the best-fits, and the ranking is not affected by variations of fitting parameters or dose/TCP perturbations.ConclusionsA modification of the LQ model with a beta-term increasing with dose provides better fits to NSCLC dose-response curves. For brain metastases, the LQL provides the best fit. This may be interpreted as a net contribution of indirect damage in NSCLC, and damage saturation in brain metastases. The results for NSCLC are borderline significant, while those for brain are clearly significant. Our results can assist on the design of optimal radiotherapy for NSCLC and brain metastases, aiming at avoiding over/under-treatment. Dose prescription to such tumors may be reevaluated according to the reported evidence.
The Role of Social Media in Disseminating Plastic Surgery Research: The Relationship between Citations, Altmetrics and Article Characteristics
Authors: Grant Michael C , Scott-Bridge Kai R , Wade Ryckie G 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSocial media (SoMe) enables publishers and authors to disseminate content immediately and directly to interested end-users, on a global scale. Alternative metrics (altmetrics) are non-traditional bibliometrics which describe the exposure and impact of an article on freely available platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, Wikipedia and the news. Altmetrics are strongly associated with ultimate citation counts in various medical disciplines, except plastic surgery which represents the rational for this study.MethodsAltmetric explorer was used to extract altmetrics and citation rates for articles published during 2018 in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (PRS), the Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, the Annals of Plastics Surgery and Plastic Surgery (also known as Chirurgie Plastique). Multivariable negative binomial regression was used to estimate the relationship between citations and predictors (presented as the incidence rate ratio, IRR with 95% confidence interval, CI). Results: Overall, 1215 plastic surgery articles were captured which were cited 3269 times. There was a strong and independent association between the number of mentions in SoMe and the number of times an article was cited (adjusted IRR 1.01 [95% CI 1.01, 1.1]), whereby each mention in SoMe (e.g. Tweets or Facebook posts) translated to one additional citation. Evidence synthesis articles (e.g. systematic reviews) were cited twice as often as other articles and again, the use of SoMe to advertise these outputs was independently associated with more citations (IRR 2.0 [95% CI 1.3, 3.2]).ConclusionsDissemination of plastic surgery research through social media channels increases an articles impact as measured by citations.
Previous psychopathology predicted severe COVID-19 concern, anxiety and PTSD symptoms in pregnant women during lockdown in Italy
Authors: Ravaldi Claudia , Ricca Valdo , Wilson Alyce , Homer Caroline , Vannacci Alfredo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractItaly was the first COVID-19 pandemic epicenter among European countries and established a period of full lockdown, consisting of travel bans, mandatory staying at home and temporary closure of non-essential businesses. Similar measures are known risk factors for psychological disturbances in the general population, still very little is known about their impact on pregnant women’s mental health during COVID-19 pandemic.The national survey “COVID-19 related Anxiety and StreSs in prEgnancy, poSt-partum and breaStfeeding” (COVID-ASSESS) was conducted during the first month of full lockdown in Italy. The questionnaire was specifically developed to examine COVID-19 concerns and included the psychometric tests NSESSS for PTSD and STAI-Y for anxiety. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to explore the association of the concern, anxiety and PTSD symptoms with age, gestational weeks, parity, days of lockdown, assisted reproductive technology use, psychopathological history and previous perinatal losses.Out of 1015 pregnant women reached, 737 (72.6%) fully answered the questionnaire; no woman reported a COVID-19 infection. Median age was 34.4 years [quartiles 31.7, 37.2], median days in lockdown were 13.1 [11.0, 17.0], median gestational weeks were 27.8 [19.8, 34.0]. Clinically significant PTSD symptoms were present in 75 women (10.2%, NSESSS cut-off 24) and clinically significant anxiety symptoms were present in 160 women (21.7%, STAI-Y1 cut-off 50). Women were less worried about their own health than the health of their baby and of their elderly relatives. Previous anxiety predicted higher concern and PTSD symptoms; previous depression and anxiety were independently associated with current PTSD symptoms.