bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid optical CDMA and DWDM system implemented under the influence of Non-linear effects
Authors: Alsowaidi Naif , Eltaif Tawfig , Ridzuan Mokhtar Mohd 
Published: March 2020

<span>A hybrid optical CDMA-DWDM system accommodating 12 optical CDMA users carried by 5 DWDM wavelengths at a data rate of 60Gb/s/wavelength with channel spacing of 0.4nm is implemented under the effect of four-wave mixing (FWM). It was found that the FWM effect could be minimized by the use of CDMA technology, where the energy of each bit is spread over the optical sequence code. Over a distance of 105.075km, significant performance of all optical CDMA users in terms of the BER is achieved. The results reveal that the inter-symbol interference (ISI) can be mitigated when the interval of optical signature sequence code is squeezed into 25% of the bit duration. </span>
Wavelet based de-noising for on-site partial discharge measurement signal
Authors: Z. Abdullah A. , Isa M. , M. Arshad S. N. , K. H. Rohani M. N. , A. Halim H. S. , N. Nanyan A. , A. Hamid H. 
Published: March 2020

<span>This paper presents, wavelet based de-noising technique for on-site partial discharge (PD) measurement signal. The signal is measured from medium voltage power cable at 11 kV distribution substation. The best mother wavelet, decomposition level and the type of threshold for the de-noising technique are selected based on the signal to noise ratio (SNR) aggregation. The SNR aggregation is determined based on the minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation parameters. The same standard de-noising procedure is applied for two different PD signals and the selection parameters are done based on the accuracy of de-noising analysis. The analysis is performed in MATLAB software environment and Daubechies 2 (db2) is found as the best mother wavelet at tenth decomposition levels with soft threshold type. This study is specifically performed to develop the de-noising procedure for on-site PD measurement. Overall results indicate that the right selection of the de-noising procedure will help to improve the PD signal detection from on–site measurement.</span>
Optimal power flow model for building integrated photovoltaic systems operating in the Andean range
Authors: Aristizabal Andres Julian , Ospina Daniel , Castaneda Mónica , Zapata Sebastian , Banguero Edison 
Published: March 2020

<p>This paper presents a novel model to evaluate the power output of a building integrated photovoltaic system (BIPVS) operating in the Andean Range. The Optimal Power Flow (OPF) model optimizes the power output of the BIPVS within an electrical system without violating operational limits. The model is validated with the experimental performance of a 6 kW BIPVS installed in Bogota, Colombia. The meteorological data affect the power flow. The model is evaluated under sunny and rainy days to characterize the photovoltaic array performance. The results showed that the AC PV-energy generation was 5,904 kWh/year for 2017 and that there is a correlation factor of 99.87% between the experimental power flow and the proposed model.</p>
Implementation simulink modeling to analysis the transient cases and torque speed characteristic in a three phase induction motors
Authors: Al-barbarawi Omar , Qaryouti Ghazi M. 
Published: March 2020

In this research, has been a developed modular approach for investigation of the dynamic behavior and analysis the steady -state and transient cases for a three-phase induction motor when it is fed with a balanced and unbalanced voltage , and analysis the behavior of the Torque-Speed characteristics at various conditions. This analysis is done systematically by development two mathematically models. Where the first model is proposed to simulate the dynamic behavior of the motor when supplying it at balanced and unbalanced voltage in Matlab/Simulink by using d-q axis theory in the reference frame. This model can investigate and described in details the behavior of the induction motor parameters, and enables the researcher to calculate or investigate any variable for an induction machine parameter ; (e.g. The voltage, current, flux, speed and torque as a function of time) in both cases transient and steady state , when the motor in operation state [11-16]. The other model is proposed to simulate in the Microsoft Excel program, by using the ratio between the conventions of the electromagnetic torque equation(Tem) and maximum torque equation (Tmax) . To study and analysis the behavior of the Torque-Speed characteristics for a 3-phase induction motor. Where this models study's by using Excel program's and Matlab / Simulink to simulation the effect of the various parameters on the dynamic behavior of the motor such as inserting variable external resistance in series with rotor circuit , and when supplying the stator by variable voltage. These Mathematical models could be used for a wide range of motors which has a various horse powers , which needing it in a scientific research and practical applications.
A streaming multi-class support vector machine classification architecture for embedded systems
Authors: Sirkunan Jeevan , Tang Jia Wei , Shaikh-Husin Nasir , Marsono Muhammad Nadzir 
Published: March 2020

<p>Pedestrian detection, face detection, speech recognition and object detection are some of the applications that have benefited from hardware-accelerated SVM. SVM classification computational complexity makes it challenging for designing hardware architecture with real-time performance and low power consumption. On an embedded streaming architecture, test data are stored on external memory and transferred in streams to the FPGA device. The hardware<br />implementation for SVM classification needs to be fast enough to keep up with the data transfer speed. Prior implementation throttles data input to avoid overwhelming the computational unit. This results in a bottleneck in overall streaming architecture as maximum throughput could not be obtained. In this work, we propose a streaming architecture multi-class SVM classification for embedded system that is fully pipelined and able to process data continuously with out any need to throttle data stream input. The proposed design is targeted for embedded platform where test data is transferred in streams from an external memory. The architecture was implemented on Altera Cyclone IV platform. Performance analysis on our proposed architecture is done with regards to the number of features and support vectors. For validation, the results obtained is compared with LibSVM. The proposed architecture is able to produce output rate identical to test data input rate.</p>
An automatic lexicon generation for indonesian news sentiment analysis: a case on governor elections in Indonesia
Authors: Ayu Media A , Wijaya Sony Surya , Mantoro Teddy 
Published: March 2020

Sentiment analysis has been popularly used in analyzing data from the internet. One of the techniques used is lexicon based sentiment analysis. Generating lexicon is not an easy process, and lexicon in Bahasa Indonesia is rarely available. This paper proposes an automatic lexicon generation in Bahasa Indonesia for sentiment analysis purpose. Experiments were performed using the generated lexicon for doing sentiment analysis on Indonesian political news about the 2018 governor election in three provinces in Indonesia. The conducted experiments show promising results where it can predict the candidate’s rank, the election winner, and the percentage of votes for each candidate with better accuracy than the previous work which used manually generated lexicon.
Development and Evaluation of an Objective Tympanic Membrane Visualization Assessment Technique
Authors: Hakimi Amir A. , Lalehzarian Simon P. , Lalehzarian Aaron S. , Azhdam Ariel M. , Boodaie Benjamin D. , Walner David L. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives: To introduce an inexpensive method for objectively evaluating otoscopic visualization of the tympanic membrane wherein learners match what they visualize in standardized patients to tympanic membrane photographs. Methods: Two standardized patients had photographs taken of their tympanic membranes using a commercially-available digital otoscope. First- and third-year medical students were asked to perform an otoscopic examination on each patient using a conventional handheld otoscope and to match what they saw with the correct tympanic membrane image among distractor photographs belonging to other patients. The ability of students to match the standardized patients’ tympanic membrane to the correct photographs was assessed before and after a didactic training session. These measurements were compared between the two cohort groups for construct validity. Results: Fifty-one first-year medical students (with no previous otoscopy experience) and 44 third-year medical students (with otoscopy experience from completing pediatric and family medicine clinical clerkships) were recruited to voluntarily participate in this study. At baseline, a larger percentage of third-year students correctly matched both tympanic membranes compared to first-year students (27% vs 8%, P < .01). After otoscopy training, correct matching of both tympanic membranes significantly improved among both first-year students (8-31%, P < .01) and third-year students (27-54%, P < .01). Conclusion: The use of tympanic membrane photographs from standardized patients provides a novel technique for objectively assessing proficiency in otoscopic visualization of the middle ear. The concept is low cost, uses live patients, and can be easily implemented in pre-clinical instruction and beyond.
Heating and controls use resulting from shared-cost charges in communal network social housing
Authors: Paine Sam , James Patrick , Bahaj AbuBakr , Waggott Andrew 
Published: March 2020

In dwellings connected to district or communal heating schemes occupants are commonly charged based on actual heat consumption, providing a direct link between heat consumption and weekly heating cost. This article investigates how the use of fixed-rate, shared-cost charging without dwelling-level metering affects the heating and controls use in communal network social housing. Living room and radiator temperatures in 50 flats were monitored over a winter heating season and occupants surveyed at monitoring install and removal. The primary stated and observed heating strategy was to leave the heating always on and control through the radiator thermostatic radiator valves. Of people who used timer control, total heating hours reduced with increased frequency of manual intervention. Mean indoor temperatures up to 27.7°C were observed, implying many residents are adapted to higher indoor temperatures. Thus, the current model encourages wasteful behaviour and education on use of controls is key to transitioning residents to charging for actual heat use. Practical application: This article intends to inform the landlords of communal network social housing schemes on the impacts that shared-cost recovery methods of charging for heat has on heating and controls use. This charging method can impact the behaviour of the network occupants resulting in higher heat consumption, overall higher heating costs and subsequently higher carbon emissions from the site if occupants are not adequately trained in how to operate their heating effectively. Where similar charging methods are implemented, the article hopes to inform operators of the potential vulnerabilities of the network occupants to changes in the method of charging for heat.
Patient values and preferences regarding VTE disease: a systematic review to inform American Society of Hematology guidelines
Authors: Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta Itziar , Zhang Yuan , Brundisini Francesca , Florez Ivan D. , Wiercioch Wojtek , Nieuwlaat Robby , Begum Housne , Cuello Carlos A. , Roldan Yetiani , Chen Ru , Ding Chengyi , Morgan Rebecca L. , Riva John J. , Zhang Yuqing , Charide Rana , Agarwal Arnav , Balduzzi Sara , Morgano Gian Paolo , Yepes-Nuñez Juan José , Rehman Yasir , Neumann Ignacio , Schwab Nicole , Baldeh Tejan , Braun Cody , Rodríguez María Francisca , Schünemann Holger J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Values and preferences relate to the importance that patients place on health outcomes (eg, bleeding, having a deep venous thrombosis) and are essential when weighing benefits and harms in guideline recommendations. To inform the American Society of Hematology guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) disease, we conducted a systematic review of patients’ values and preferences related to VTE. We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature from inception to April of 2018 (PROSPERO-CRD42018094003). We included quantitative and qualitative studies. We followed Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidance for rating the certainty and presenting findings for quantitative research about the relative importance of health outcomes and a grounded theory approach for qualitative thematic synthesis. We identified 14 quantitative studies (2465 participants) describing the relative importance of VTE-related health states in a widely diverse population of patients, showing overall small to important impact on patients’ lives (certainty of the evidence from low to moderate). Additionally, evidence from 34 quantitative studies (6424 participants) and 15 qualitative studies (570 participants) revealed that patients put higher value on VTE risk reduction than on the potential harms of the treatment (certainty of evidence from low to moderate). Studies also suggested a clear preference for oral medication over subcutaneous medication (moderate certainty). The observed variability in health state values may be a result of differences in the approaches used to elicit them and the diversity of included populations rather than true variability in values. This finding highlights the necessity to explore the variability induced by different approaches to ascertain values.
Prevalence of latent tuberculosis among refugee children in Malaysia
Authors: Wong Yen Jun , Lee Shaun Wen Huey 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionTuberculosis remains one of the top 10 major causes of global mortality, imposing social–economic and medical challenges in Malaysia. Refugees sheltered in Malaysia are a high-risk population but basic health checks upon their arrival, including tuberculosis screening, are not practised. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors of tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among refugee children in Malaysia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed in three refugee schools in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, using tuberculin skin tests or interferon-γ release assays. Participants who tested positive were sent for further examination with chest radiography to confirm the tuberculosis diagnosis.ResultsFrom April 2018 to April 2019, we screened 430 refugee children with a median age of 13.0 years. Most of the children were born in Myanmar (n=274, 63.7%) and Pakistan (n=60, 14.0%). No children were diagnosed with active tuberculosis but 55 of the children (12.8%) were diagnosed with LTBI. Children with LTBI were generally older (OR 3.01, 95% CI 1.71–5.29; p<0.001) than those without LTBI infection. Sex, history of bacille Calmette–Guérin vaccination and country of birth were not associated with increased risk of LTBI.ConclusionThe relatively high LTBI burden among refugee children in this study poses an indication of possible LTBI risk among this population nationwide, and thus would be an important group to target for preventive therapy. This provides a unique opportunity for researchers to further examine and implement well-structured preventive strategies in combating the endemic infectious disease in Malaysia.
Value of clinical examination in the assessment of penetrating neck injuries: a retrospective study of diagnostic accuracy test
Authors: Isaza-Restrepo Andrés , Quintero-Contreras Julián Andrés , Escobar-DiazGranados Jorge , Ruiz-Sternberg Ángela María 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are many high-volume trauma centers in limited resource environments where a thorough clinical examination of patients may contribute to a more economical, accurate, and widely applicable method of determining the proper management of patients with penetrating neck injuries. The purpose of this study was to validate thorough physical examination as a reliable diagnostic tool in these patients.MethodsWe performed an observational retrospective study of a diagnostic accuracy test where we compared clinical findings (symptoms and soft signs on admission of the patient) with the definitive findings according to the gold standard test for each particular situation (selective studies, clinical observation and surgical exploration). The study was conducted at Hospital Occidente Kennedy (HOK) between August 2009 and June 2010.ResultsThe sample consisted of the clinical records of 207 (n = 207) patients who went to the emergency room for penetrating neck wounds at Hospital Occidente Kennedy (HOK). Of the total sample, 36.2% (n = 75) of patients were considered “asymptomatic” as they didn’t present with any soft signs of injury. Vascular soft signs were present in 57% (n = 118) of the patients, soft signs of the airway and the upper gastrointestinal tract were present in 15.9% (n = 33) and 21.3% (n = 44) of the patients respectively. The sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of any soft sign to determine injuries which require surgical repair was 97.4% [CI] [86.5–99.5%] and 98.7% [CI] [92.8–99.8%] respectively, with a range of confidence [CI] of 95%.ConclusionsOur study’s main findings suggest that patients with neck injuries and no vascular, airway, or gastrointestinal soft sign can be safely managed with a conservative approach. It is important to emphasize the value of the clinical examination since there are many contexts in the modern world where a considerable amount of the population is afflicted by neck trauma and treated under conditions where technological resources are limited.
Genetic diversity of Bacillus anthracis Ames lineage strains in China
Authors: Zhang Enmin , Zhang Huijuan , He Jinrong , Li Wei , Wei Jianchun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Anthrax is an endemic disease that persists in the rural regions of China. The global genetic population structure of B.anthracis has also been defined by the canonical single-nucleotide polymorphisms (canSNP) and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). Five canSNP lineages were found in China, and the A.Br.Ames lineage has been the second predominant group in recent years in China. The objective of this study was to reveal genetic diversity of the Ames lineage strains by MLVA.

Methods
Two molecular typing methods, canSNP and MLVA with 15markers were used to study the genetic relationship among the Ames lineage strains. The outbreak information associated with these strains was also collected and investigated.

Results
From 2007 to 2018, a total of 21 human anthrax infection outbreaks (68 patients) associated with B. anthracis Ames lineage strains were reported in China. Ames lineage strain-associated human anthrax is mainly distributed in the northern part of China, including the provinces of Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Gansu, and Xinjiang. In the study, a total of 30 Ames lineage strains were included and 10 MLVA15 genotypes were identified. These strains were mainly found in northeast China, Inner Mongolia and Liaoning. In recent years, the Ames lineage strains were isolated in the two provinces every year. The 18 Ames lineage strains isolated from Inner Mongolia were divided into eight MLVA15 genotypes. From 2010 to 2015, there were continuous reports of outbreaks in Keyouzhongqi County, Inner Mongolia, and the strains that were isolated annually in succession belonged to the MLVA15–30 genotype.

Conclusions
The Ames lineage strains are widely distributed in northern China. Their genetic diversity can be illustrated by the results of the MLVA. The genetic characteristics of the Ames lineage strains from outbreaks in different provinces varied. In some areas, human anthrax outbreaks occurred annually in succession, and these related strains grouped together. These observations indicate that the local environment was persistently contaminated with B. anthracis spores, vaccination of livestock should become the fundamental control measure in the areas.
Epigenetic loss of heterozygosity of Apc and an inflammation-associated mutational signature detected in Lrig1+/−-driven murine colonic adenomas
Authors: Preston Jessica L. , Stiffler Nicholas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe loss of a single copy of adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc)in leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (Lrig1)-expressing colonic progenitor cells induces rapid growth of adenomas in mice with high penetrance and multiplicity. The tumors lack functional APC, and a genetic loss of heterozygosity ofApcwas previously observed.MethodsTo identify genomic features of early tumorigenesis, and to profile intertumoral genetic heterogeneity, tumor exome DNA (n = 9 tumors) and mRNA (n = 5 tumors) sequences were compared with matched nontumoral colon tissue. Putative somatic mutations were called after stringent variant filtering. Somatic signatures of mutational processes were determined and splicing patterns were observed.ResultsThe adenomas were found to be genetically heterogeneous and unexpectedly hypermutated, displaying a strong bias toward G:C > A:T mutations. A genetic loss of heterozygosity ofApcwas not observed, however, an epigenetic loss of heterozygosity was apparent in the tumor transcriptomes. Complex splicing patterns characterized by a loss of intron retention were observed uniformly across tumors.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that early tumors originating from intestinal stem cells with reducedLrig1andApcexpression are highly mutated and genetically heterogeneous, with an inflammation-associated mutational signature and complex splicing patterns that are uniform across tumors.