bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waterbirth: a national retrospective cohort study of factors associated with its use in 46,088 women in England
Authors: Aughey Harriet K , Jardine Jennifer , Moitt Natalie , Fearon Kriss , Hawdon Jane , Pasupathy D , Urganci Ipek , Harris Tina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Waterbirth is widely available in English maternity settings for women who are not at increased risk of complications during labour. Immersion in water during labour is associated with a number of maternal benefits, however for birth in water the situation is less clear, with conclusive evidence on safety lacking and little known about the characteristics of women who give birth in water. This retrospective cohort study uses electronic data routinely collected in the course of maternity care in England in 2015-16 to describe the proportion of births recorded as having occurred in water; the characteristics of women who experienced waterbirth; and the odds of key maternal and neonatal complications associated with giving birth in water.Methods Data was obtained from three population level electronic datasets linked together for the purposes of a national audit of maternity care. The study cohort included women who had no risk factors requiring them to give birth in an obstetric unit according to national guidelines. (1) Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine maternal (postpartum haemorrhage of 1500mls or more, obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI)) and neonatal (Apgar score less than 7, neonatal unit admission) outcomes associated with waterbirth.Results 46,088 low and intermediate risk singleton term spontaneous vaginal births in 35 NHS Trusts in England were included in the analysis cohort. Of these 6264 (13.6%) were recorded as having occurred in water. Waterbirth was more likely in older women up to the age of 40 (adjusted odds ratio (adjOR) for age group 35-39 1.27 95% confidence interval (1.15,1.41)) and less common in women under 25 (adjOR 18-24 0.76 (0.70, 0.82)), those of higher parity (parity ≥3 adjOR 0.56 (0.47,0.66)) or who were obese (BMI 30–34.9 adjOR 0.77 (0.70,0.85)) . Waterbirth was also less likely in black (adjOR 0.42 (0.36, 0.51)) and Asian (adjOR 0.26 (0.23,0.30)) women and in those from areas of increased socioeconomic deprivation (most affluent versus least affluent areas adjOR 0.47 (0.43, 0.52)).There was no association between delivery in water and low Apgar score (adjOR 0.95 (0.66,1.36)) or OASI (adjOR 1.00 (0.86,1.16). or incidence of OASI (adjOR 1.00 (0.86,1.16)). There was an association between waterbirth and reduced incidence of postpartum haemorrhage (adjOR 0.68 (0.51,0.90)) and neonatal unit admission (adjOR 0.65 (0.53,0.78)).Conclusions In this large observational cohort study, there was no association between waterbirth and specific adverse outcomes for either the mother or the baby. There was evidence that white women from higher socioeconomic backgrounds were more likely to be recorded as giving birth in water. Maternity services should focus on ensuring equitable access to waterbirth.
20.8% slot-die coated MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells by optimal DMSO-content and age of 2-ME based precursor inks
Authors: Li Jinzhao , Dagar Janardan , Shargaieva Oleksandra , Többens Daniel , Munir Rahim , Unger Eva 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Solar cells incorporating metal-halide perovskite (MHP) semiconductors are continuing to break efficiency records for solution-processed solar cell devices. Scaling MHP-based devices to larger area prototypes is a crucial step towards commercialization. This requires the development and optimization of scalable process technology for these devices. Here, we demonstrate a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.83% for slot-die coated gas-quenched small-area methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) devices. Our ink is based on 2-methoxy-ethanol (2-ME) with the strongly coordinating solvent dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO) added in small amounts. We found that the amount of DMSO, as well as the age of the precursor solutions, are determining factors in achieving highly efficient and reproducible devices. Through in-depth insight into the film formation process as a function of DMSO content from in-situ X-ray diffraction experiments, we found that just the right amount of DMSO favorably affects thin film growth. Adding 11.77 mol% of DMSO prevents the formation of a crystalline intermediate phase related to MAPbI3 and 2-ME (MAPbI3 -2-ME), reported here for the first time, and inducing the formation of some (DMSO)2MA2Pb3I8 intermediate phase. These results demonstrate that ink composition and process control are critical to enable reproducible large-scale manufacturing of MHP-based devices for commercial applications.
SARS-CoV-2 candidate vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 infection of human cell lines reveals a normal low range of viral backbone gene expression alongside very high levels of SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein expression.
Authors: Almuqrin Abdulaziz , Davidson Andrew D. , Williamson Maia Kavanagh , Lewis Phil , Heesom Kate , Morris Susan , Gilbert Sarah , Matthews David A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 is a recombinant adenovirus vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2. Although replication defective in normal cells, 28kbp of adenovirus genes are delivered to the cell nucleus alongside the SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein gene.Methods: We used direct RNA sequencing to analyse transcript expression from the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 genome in human MRC-5 and A549 cell lines that are non-permissive for vector replication alongside the replication permissive cell line, HEK293. In addition, we used quantitative proteomics to study over time the proteome and phosphoproteome of A549 and MRC5 cells infected with the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine candidate.Results: The expected SARS-CoV-2 S coding transcript dominated in all cell lines. We also detected rare S transcripts with aberrant splice patterns or polyadenylation site usage. Adenovirus vector transcripts were almost absent in MRC-5 cells but in A549 cells there was a broader repertoire of adenoviral gene expression at very low levels. Proteomically, in addition to S glycoprotein, we detected multiple adenovirus proteins in A549 cells compared to just one in MRC5 cells. Conclusions: Overall the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine’s transcriptomic and proteomic repertoire is as expected. The combined transcriptomic and proteomics approaches provide an unparalleled insight into the behaviour of this important class of vaccine candidate and illustrate the potential of this technique to inform future viral vaccine vector design.
The Balance between Oral Health Needs and Supply Induced Demand&nbsp;in Welsh Dental Services
Authors: Richards Wayne , Ameen Jamal , Coll Anne-Marie , Filipponi Teresa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
IntroductionReducing social inequality along with oral health inequality in Wales is a policy objective. In this ecological study the relationships between deprivation, dental workforce and oral health are explored. MethodTwenty-two Unitary Authorities (UAs) serving the population of Wales were studied. The number of dentists were obtained from NHS Business Services as well as the 2019 population figures from StatsWales. As data for whole time equivalent General Dental Practitioner (GDP) workforce were not available, GDP sites were used. The condition of teeth at the age 12 years was used as a measure of oral health from the most recent epidemiological survey available. The relationship between oral health and workforce was established using the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD).ResultsAssociations were observed between dental sites and population as well as between oral health and deprivation. A new composite variable called the University of South Wales Dental Index (USWDI) was introduced by combining the number of dentists with their corresponding WIMD of the most deprived 10% of the population. Using regression modelling the USWDI demonstrated its superiority in using either the number of dentists or the WIMD most deprived 10% alone to predict decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT).ConclusionWorkforce levels have increased and there has been a corresponding improvement in oral health over two decades. At the same time deprived subgroups continue to experience relatively higher levels of disease. A proportion of the general dental services delivered in Wales has continued to be based on the principle of supply induced demand for care rather than oral health need. Improving oral health in a diverse population like Wales cannot be achieved by increasing dental workforce alone. It is necessary to account for levels of deprivation. USWDI as a predictor of DMFT could be a useful tool to monitor the macro delivery of oral health care for the future in Wales.
A ANCESTRALIDADE DO CORPO: DIÁLOGO COM OS MESTRES
Authors: De Sales Silva Sebastião 
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo ciceroneia parte da minha trajetória dentro do curso de Licenciatura em Teatro pela UFRN; apresentarei um diálogo com dois professores, a primeira, a mestra Lara Machado – a mulher que quebrou os meus joelhos, que caminhou metaforicamente sobre o meu corpo, tornando-o um corpo consciente e pulsante; o segundo, um encontro que nomeio como o voo da liberdade como o mestre Robson Haderchpek – o homem que abriu as gaiolas do meu corpo a partir do espetáculo Revoada do Grupo Arkhétypos de Teatro; uma mestra e um mestre que passaram-me o bastão, abrindo caminho para um mestre de si que desabrochou em mim.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ensino-Aprendizagem. Teatro. Grupo Arkhétypos. Espetáculo Revoada.
Impacto del paradigma neoliberal en el curriculum venezolano, durante los gobiernos de COPEI y acción democratica (1970-1998)
Authors: Mora García José Pascual 
Published: October 2020

Los gobiernos democráticos de los partidos políticos Copei y Acción democrática se alternaron el poder en Venezuela entre 1969-1998, y fue precisamente en esta etapa que emerge el paradigma neoliberal educación. En primer lugar, nos proponemos develar que las teorías del Curriculum recibieron su impacto y tipificaron un modelo educativo que fue privilegiando al llamado “darwinismo social” en el que se privilegia a los sectores de mejores ingresos económicos y marginando los sectores más vulnerables. El presente estudio se conecta con una línea de investigación que analiza las historia del currículum en Venezuela, cuyos resultados han sido presentados a la comunidad científica en informes precedentes, (Mora-García, 2004; Mora-García, 2013; Mora-García, 2014; Rojas & Mora-García, 2019). Se realiza una revisión nueva de la literatura especializada en la relación neoliberalismo y curriculum, con la finalidad de establecer propuestas y conclusiones válidas. Son aproximaciones que nos dan nuevas luces sobre un tema que requiere ser analizado recurrentemente.
Hypothetical Role of Growth Factors to Reduce Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Significantly through Trained Biological Transformations
Authors: Muresanu Cristian , Somasundaram Siva G. , Vissarionov Sergey V. , Gavryushova Liliya V. , Nikolenko Vladimir N. , Mikhaleva Liudmila M. , Kirkland Cecil E. , Aliev Gjumrakch 
Published: October 2020

Background:Given the evidence of little or no therapeutic benefit of injection-based growth factor therapies, it has been proposed that a naturally triggered uninterrupted blood circulation of the growth factors would be superior.Objective:We seek to stimulate discussions and more research about the possibility of using the already available growth factors found in the prostate gland and endometrium by starting novel educable physiology, known as biological transformations controlled by the mind.Methods:We summarized the stretch-gated ion channel mechanism of the cell membrane and offer several practical methods that can be applied by anyone, in order to stimulate and enhance the blood circulation of the growth factors from the seminal fluid to sites throughout the body. This study describes, in detail, the practical application of our earlier published studies about biological transformations.Results:A previously reported single-patient case study has been extended, adding more from his personal experiences to continually improve this novel physiological training and extending the ideas from our earlier findings in detail.Conclusion:The biological transformation findings demonstrate the need for additional research to establish the benefits of these natural therapies to repair and rejuvenate tissues affected by various chronic diseases or aging processes.
Socio-demographic Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Mothers of Primary School Children Living in a Rural Health and Demographic Surveillance System Site, South Africa
Authors: Modjadji Perpetua 
Published: October 2020

Background:South Africa continues to have significant high prevalence rate of overweight/obesity relative to its African counterparts, particularly, among women, owing to several factors such as nutrition transition and socio-demographic factors. Nonetheless, little is known about the socio-demographic determinants of overweight/obesity, especially in the rural settings.Objective:To investigate the socio-demographic determinants of overweight and obesity among mothers of primary school children living in a rural Dikgale Health and Demographic Surveillance System Site in South AfricaMethods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 508 mothers of primary school children from a rural setting. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing the body weight by height squared and the prevalence of overweight (BMI ≥ 25–29.9 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) were determined. The socio-demographic variables were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to ascertain any relationships with overweight/obesity as an outcome measure. Data were analyzed using STATA 14.Results:The response rate was 98%. The mean age of mothers was 37±7years. Mothers were charecterized by singlehood (63%), unemployed (82%) and low literacy (41%). The odds of being overweight/obese were significantly higher among mothers living with spouses as household heads (AOR=3.5 95%CI: 1.97-6.31), had two to three pregnancies (AOR=2.4, 95%CI: 1.40-4.20), and five pregnancies and above (AOR=2.5, 95%CI: 1.0-6.37). Mothers who lived in households with a monthly income between $344.84 and $524,60 were less likely to be overweight or obese (AOR=0.31 95%CI: 0.14-0.70). Additionally, age, marital status and age at first pregnancy were significantly associated with being overweight/obese (χ2test, p<0.05).Conclusion:The key determinants of overweight/obesity were living in spouse-headed household, household monthly income and more than one pregnancy. Evidence-based strategies that focus on strengthening the social aspects while addressing overweight and obesity among mothers of primary school children living in a rural Dikgale HDSS site, South Africa.
Effectiveness of Educational Interventions to Increase Knowledge of Evidence-Based Practice Among Nurses and Physiotherapists in Primary Health Care: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Verloo Henk , Melly Pauline , Hilfiker Roger , Pereira Filipa 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) in daily health care practice is strongly encouraged; it is widely recognized as a means to improve the quality and safety of health care for patients and reduce avoidable costs. Primary care nurses and physiotherapists face numerous challenges in trying to ensure that they deliver effective daily care. Broadly promoted educational interventions aim to increase the integration and implementation of EBP in their daily practice.ObjectiveThis systematic review will retrieve and evaluate publications examining the effectiveness of educational interventions to increase the integration and implementation of EBP among nurses, nurse practitioners, and physiotherapists active in primary care.MethodsWe will conduct a systematic review of published articles in relevant professional, scientific journals (from their start dates) and in the following electronic databases, from inception until October 31, 2020: Medline Ovid SP (from 1946), PubMed (NOT Medline[sb]; from 1996), Embase.com (from 1947), CINAHL Ebesco (from 1937), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Wiley (from 1992), PsycINFO Ovid SP (from 1806), Web of Science Core collection (from 1900), PEDro (from 1999), the JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports (from 1998), and the Trip Database (from 1997). We will use the predefined search terms of “evidence-based practice,” “nurses,” or “physiotherapists” and combinations with other terms, such as “educational interventions.” We will also conduct a hand search of the bibliographies of all the relevant articles and a search for unpublished studies using Google Scholar, the ProQuest Dissertations and Theses dissemination, Mednar, WorldCat, OpenGrey, and Grey Literature Report. We will consider publications in English, French, German, and Portuguese.ResultsThe electronic database searches were completed in October 2020. Retrieved articles are currently being screened, and the entire study is expected to be completed by March 2021.ConclusionsThis systematic review will provide specific knowledge about the effectiveness of educational interventions to increase the implementation and integration of EBP in the daily practice of nurses and physiotherapists providing primary care services. Its findings will inform us about the types and frequencies of the most successful educational interventions.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42017077309; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=77309International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/17621
Impact of Teleconsultation on Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in the Brazilian Public Health System: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (TELEconsulta Diabetes Trial)
Authors: Rodrigues Daniela Laranja Gomes , Belber Gisele Silvestre , Padilha Frederica Valle De Queiroz , Spinel Ligia Fonseca , Moreira Frederico Rafael , Maeyama Marcos Aurélio , Pinho Ana Paula Neves Marques , Júnior Álvaro Avezum 
Published: October 2020

Background
Although the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) offers universal health coverage, access to quality care is often limited by social inequality and location. Although telemedicine has been shown to be an important tool in the efforts to overcome this problem, because it can provide access to specialist care and break the geographical barriers to health care, there are no national studies demonstrating its use in public health.

Objective
This study aims to test the hypothesis that remote consultation can be as effective as standard face-to-face consultation for type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Brazilian public health system and to assess the associated costs related to teleconsultation in public health scenarios, for patients referred from Primary Health Care units of the SUS for specialist care.

Methods
This is a pragmatic, phase 2, unicentric, open-label, noninferiority, blinded allocation, data-blinded, centrally randomized clinical trial. The inclusion criteria will be adults, both sexes, ≥18 years old, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥8%. Outcomes will be evaluated by assessing symptoms, laboratory exams, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, adverse events, and satisfaction level for 6 months. The costs of the teleconsultation will be assessed using the time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) method to compare the costs with the face-to-face consultations. The noninferiority margin was set at 0.5%. Assuming an SD of 1.3% for both groups, true difference between the means of zero, and a type I error level of 5% (one-sided), it was estimated that 117 individuals per group would be necessary to achieve 90% power. Statistical analysis of the efficacy will be done using intention-to-treat and per-protocol approaches.

Results
The results from this trial will be reported according to the CONSORT guidelines. The trial was approved by the institutional review board on October 5, 2019. Data collection started in January 2019 and is expected to finish in 2022. At the time of manuscript submission, 18 participants were recruited.

Conclusions
Our expectations are that providing remote access to health care will result in improvements in the health and quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes and reduce costs and that both patients and clinicians will benefit from and be satisfied with this technology.

Trial Registration
Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos RBR-8gpgyd; https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-8gpgyd

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/23679
Salve Domina. Hinweise auf lesende und schreibende Frauen im Römischen Reich
Authors: Luginbühl Josy 
Published: October 2020

Während Darstellungen von lesenden und schreibenden Frauen in der römischen Antike nicht selten sind und auch in der Forschung schon mehrfach behandelt wurden, können sie nur sehr eingeschränkte Erkenntnisse über die effektive Fähigkeit zu lesen und zu schreiben liefern. Persönliche Gegenstände aus dem Fundmaterial wie Schreibgeräte oder beschriftete Gegenstände besitzen dagegen einen direkten Bezug zu ihren Besitzerinnen und erlauben so eine ganz andere Perspektive. Hinweise auf lesende und schreibende Frauen geben beispielsweise Grabbeigaben in Form von Schreibgerät, Liebesgeschenke, aber auch Brieffragmente, Graffiti oder Grabinschriften. Diese Quellen werden in Beispielen vorgestellt und sollen an die Vielfalt und die Problematiken der weiblichen Literalität heranführen. While representations of women who read and write are not rare in Roman antiquity and have been the subject of ample research, they deliver only restricted information about the effective ability to read and write. However, personal belongings as writing instruments or inscribed objects, coming from archeological material, provide a direct connection with their owners and therefore a completely different perspective. Funerary objects like writing instruments as well as love gifts, fragments of letters, graffiti or grave inscriptions can serve as indications in this regard. In this paper, examples of these sources are going to be presented in order to give an idea of the diversity and the difficulty of female literacy.
The Medium Is the Message Is the Metaphor: Cool Reason and the Young Intellectual Public of Marshall McLuhan
Authors: Deshaye Joel 
Published: October 2020

Background Following recent reappraisals of the work of media and communications theorist Marshall McLuhan, this article argues that an overlooked aspect of his appeal and celebrity is not only his famous use of metaphor, but also a countercultural stance suggested by this use of metaphor.Analysis Applying Michael Warner’s arguments about publics to McLuhan’s rhetorical style, the article focuses partly on 1) the 1967 film This Is Marshall McLuhan: The Medium Is the Massage and how it might have addressed an audience of countercultural youth; and 2) related texts that helped to construct McLuhan’s celebrity.Conclusions and implications Ultimately, the article historicizes McLuhan’s celebrity to explain both its relatively short heyday in the 1960s and the comeback that can be attributed to the development of his young audience into teachers and reappraisers.