bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discerning the dietary habits of the smooth butterfly ray Gymnura lessae using two distinct methods, otolith identification and metagenetics
Authors: Jargowsky Matthew B. , Cooper Pearce T. , Ajemian Matthew J. , Colvin Michael E. , Drymon J. Marcus 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTwo different methods, metagenetics and free‐otolith identification, were used to identify prey in the stomach contents of 531 Gymnura lessae captured by trawling in Mobile Bay, Alabama 2016–2018. Both methods were found to produce analogous results and were therefore combined into a single complete dataset. All prey were teleosts; the families Sciaenidae and Engraulidae were the most important prey (prey specie index of relative importance 89.3% IPSRI). Multivariate analyses indicated that the diet of G. lessae varied with sex and seasonality. Specifically, variability was probably due to morphologically larger females consuming larger teleost prey species compared with males, whereas seasonal variability was probably due to changes in the available prey community composition. The findings indicate that both metagenetics and free otolith identification, used independently or complementarily, offer robust means of characterising dietary habits for teleost‐specialised species such as G. lessae, which may play an important role in the structure and maintenance of coastal food webs such as those in Mobile Bay.
Microbiological evidences for gastric cardiac microflora dysbiosis inducing the progression of inflammation
Authors: Yan Ruijing , Guo Yi , Gong Qingyun , Chen Man , Guo Yuanning , Yang Peng , Huang Hao , Huang Haihua , Huang Wen , Ma Zikai , Zheng Zhijian , Tian Dongping , Su Min 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and AimNowadays, anti‐inflammation treatment is a promising approach for preventing tumorigenesis, and human microflora is closely related to inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the gastric cardiac microbiome and identify inflammation‐related microorganisms for gastric cardiac inflammation.MethodsWe performed 16S rRNA sequencing on a total of 11 healthy individuals and 89 individuals with different degree of gastric cardiac inflammation. Immunohistochemistry was used for verifying candidate bacteria. Phylogenetic reconstruction of unobserved states (picrust) was used for predicting the pathways involved by cardiac microflora.ResultsThe resident phyla in normal were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroides, and Actinobacteria, and the dominant genus in normal were Halomonas, shewanella, and Comamonas. In the progression of gastric cardiac inflammation, the diversity of cardiac microflora did not change (P > 0.05). However, the composition structure of cardiac microflora varied between healthy and inflamed tissues (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, there were 64 species parallel increased with inflammation degree, especially Helicobacter pylori, Lactobacillus spp. Additionally, inflammation‐related species were detected (P < 0.05), including H. pylori, Acinetobacter ursingii, and Streptococcus agalactiae. Higher H. pylori colonization was positively related to the progression of cardiac inflammation (γ coefficient = 0.678, P < 0.001), and it also influenced the cardiac microbial community structure. Cardiac microflora also participated in DNA repair pathways and is affected by the relative abundance of H. pylori (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsCardiac microflora dysbiosis, especially the increasing of the relevant abundance of H. pylori, promotes the progression of cardiac inflammation.
Early life microbial exposure, child neurocognition and behaviour at 2 years of age: A birth cohort study
Authors: Senn Elizabeth , Symeonides Christos , Vuillermin Peter , Ponsonby Anne‐Louise ,   the Barwon Infant Study Investigator Group
Published: November 2019

AimTo investigate the relationship between factors which influence external microbial exposures (FEMEs), previously identified to be protective or to increase the risk of the development of allergic disease, and cognition and behaviour in infants 2 years of age in an Australian population.MethodThe Barwon Infant Study is a birth cohort (n = 1074) in Victoria, Australia. Comprehensive questionnaire, clinical and biological measures were collected at multiple time oints. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the associations between 56 FEMEs and 3 outcomes; cognition (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BAYLEY‐III)) (n = 667, mean (standard deviation) age = 2.45 (0.14) years), internalising and externalising behaviour (Child Behavior Checklist) (n = 666, mean (standard deviation) age = 2.45 (0.14) years).ResultsOverall, there were no consistent patterns or dose response found within an outcome nor across all three outcomes, although there was some evidence for individual associations. Breastfeeding and child care were associated with higher cognitive scores (adjusted mean difference (95% confidence interval) = 3.20 (0.23–6.17) and 0.68 (0.12–1.24), respectively), and increasing sibling number was associated with lower internalising behaviour (adjusted mean difference (95% confidence interval) = −4.13 (−6.34, −1.91)).ConclusionIn contrast to allergic disease, there was an absence of epidemiological evidence to support the association between these FEMEs and cognition and behaviour. Direct investigations into the relationship between exposures which influence gut‐microbial composition and cognition and behaviour are now needed.
Arguments for the cognitive social sciences
Authors: Kaidesoja Tuukka , Sarkia Matti , Hyyryläinen Mikko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article analyses the arguments for the integration between the cognitive and social sciences. We understand interdisciplinary integration as an umbrella term that includes different ways of bringing scientific disciplines together. Our focus is on four arguments based on different ideas about how the cognitive sciences should be integrated with the social sciences: explanatory grounding, theoretical unification, constraint and complementarity. These arguments not only provide different reasons why the cognitive social sciences—i.e. disciplines and research programs that aim to integrate the social sciences with the cognitive sciences—are needed but also subscribe to different visions as to how these sciences might look like. We discuss each argument in three stages: First, we provide a concrete example of the argument. Second, we reconstruct the argument by specifying its premises, inferential structure and conclusion. Third, we evaluate the argument by analyzing its presuppositions, the plausibility of its premises, the soundness of its inferences and potential conceptual ambiguities. In the final discussion, we compare these arguments and identify the most compelling reasons why the cognitive social sciences are needed.
Post‐occlusive reactive hyperemic response of skin microcirculation among extremely obese patients in the short and long term after bariatric surgery
Authors: Gryglewska Barbara , Głuszewska Anna , Zarzycki Bartosz , Dzieża‐ Grudnik Anna , Fedyk‐Łukasik Małgorzata , Major Piotr , Budzyński Andrzej , Gąsowski Jerzy , Grodzicki Tomasz 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess changes of post‐occlusive reactive hyperemic response in skin microcirculation among extremely obese patients 10 days and 6 months after bariatric surgery for patients with and without hypertension.MethodsSkin blood flow was measured using PeriFlux laser Doppler fluxmetry. Data were analyzed in the entire group and two subgroups: with and without hypertension.ResultsData from 88 patients (mean age 42.1 ± 11.2 years, 40.5% men) were analyzed. Six months after bariatric surgery, the time to reach peak flows had been shortened (2.4 ± 1.7 vs 2.1 ± 1.0 seconds, P < .05) and the area of hyperemia had increased (1027 ± 791 vs 1386 ± 699 AU*s, P < .05). The total power of post‐occlusive reactive hyperemic after occlusion had been augmented mainly with power intensification of endothelial and myogenic origin. Post‐occlusive reactive hyperemic parameters had changed mainly in the subgroup with hypertension. Variations of anthropometric parameters, metabolic characteristic, and adipokines mainly influenced on studied hyperemic flow parameters variations after the intervention in multiple regression analysis.ConclusionCutaneous post‐occlusive reactive hyperemic reactivity in time and frequency domains improved 6 months after bariatric surgery, and improvements in microvascular function were observed mainly in patients with hypertension. Variations of anthropometric parameters, metabolic characteristics, and adipokines had influence on hyperemic flow reactivity.
The chaperone MeHSP90 recruits MeWRKY20 and MeCatalase1 to regulate drought stress resistance in cassava
Authors: Wei Yunxie , Liu Wen , Hu Wei , Yan Yu , Shi Haitao 
Published: November 2019

Summary

The 90 kDa heat shock protein (HSP90) is widely involved in various developmental processes and stress responses in plants. However, the molecular chaperone HSP90‐constructed protein complex and its function in cassava remain elusive.
In this study, we report that HSP90 is essential for drought stress resistance in cassava by regulating abscisic acid (ABA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using two specific protein inhibitors of HSP90 (geldanamycin (GDA) and radicicol (RAD)). Among 10 MeHSP90s, the transcript of MeHSP90.9 is largely induced during drought stress. Further investigation identifies MeWRKY20 and MeCatalase1 as MeHSP90.9‐interacting proteins. MeHSP90.9‐, MeWRKY20‐, or MeCatalase1‐silenced plants through virus‐induced gene silencing display drought sensitivity in cassava, indicating that they are important to drought stress response.
MeHSP90.9 can promote the direct transcriptional activation of MeWRKY20 on the W‐box element of MeNCED5 promoter, encoding a key enzyme in ABA biosynthesis. Moreover, MeHSP90.9 positively regulates the activity of MeCatalase1, and MeHSP90.9‐silenced cassava leaves accumulate more H2O2 under drought stress.
Taken together, we demonstrate that the MeHSP90.9 chaperone complex is a regulator of drought stress resistance in cassava.
Periodontal pathogens and clinical parameters in chronic periodontitis
Authors: Boyer Emile , Martin Bénédicte , Le Gall‐David Sandrine , Fong Shao B. , Deugnier Yves , Bonnaure‐Mallet Martine , Meuric Vincent 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe use of next generation sequencing and bioinformatics has revealed the complexity and richness of the human oral microbiota. While some species are well known for their periodontal pathogenicity, the molecular‐based approaches for bacterial identification have raised awareness about new putative periodontal pathogens. Although they are found increased in case of periodontitis, there is currently a lack of data on their interrelationship with the periodontal measures. We processed the sequencing data of the subgingival microbiota of 75 patients with hemochromatosis and chronic periodontitis in order to characterize the well‐described and newly identified subgingival periodontal pathogens. We used correlation tests and statistical models to assess the association between the periodontal pathogens and mean pocket depth, and to determine the most relevant bacterial biomarkers of periodontitis severity. Based on correlation test results, nine taxa were selected and included in the statistical models. The multiple linear regression models adjusted for systemic and periodontal clinical variables showed that mean pocket depth was negatively associated with Aggregatibacter and Rothia, and positively associated with Porphyromonas. Furthermore, a bacterial ratio that was previously described as a signature of dysbiosis in periodontitis (%Porphyromonas+%Treponema+%Tannerella)/(%Rothia+%Corynebacterium) was the most significant predictor. In this specific population, we found that the best model in predicting the mean pocket depth was microbial dysbiosis using the dysbiosis ratio taxa formula. While further studies are needed to assess the validity of these results on the general population, such a dysbiosis ratio could be used in the future to monitor the subgingival microbiota.
Pre‐zygotic reproductive isolation between two synchronopatric Opuntia (Cactaceae) species in the Brazilian Chaco
Authors: Fachardo A. L. S. , Sigrist M. R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Opuntia (Cactaceae) is known for high rates of hybridization and ploidisation, resulting in the formation of new species. The occurrence of two sympatric and closely related species of Opuntia, O. elata and O. retrorsa, in Brazilian Chaco enabled us to test the hypothesis that pre‐zygotic reproductive isolation mechanisms operate in both species.

We monitored the flowering period, as well as floral biology, and compared the morphological variation of floral structures through measurements, performed intra‐ and interspecific cross‐pollination tests, and recorded the guild of floral visitors and pollinators.

Flowering was seasonal and highly synchronous. Floral biology exhibits similar strategies, and although floral morphology differs significantly in many of the compared structures, such morphological variation does not result in the selection of exclusive pollinators. Floral visitors and pollinators are oligolectic bees shared by both species. Opuntia elata and O. retrorsa are self‐compatible. While interspecific cross‐pollination (bidirectional) resulted in germination, the pollen tube did not penetrate the stigma.

Opuntia elata and O. retrorsa are closely related; however, they are isolated and do not hybridise in Brazilian Chaco. We found that both have weak pre‐pollination barriers, but that they are strongly isolated by pollen–pistil incompatibility, i.e. post‐pollination barrier.
Who Does It Better? Comparing Immigration Detention Facility Performance in an Intergovernmental and Intersectoral Context
Authors: Bauer Zachary , Johnston Jocelyn M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractContracting for prison services has been a topic of discussion for decades. Absent from this discussion is the relationship between contracting for immigration detention and confinement quality, a topic that has gained relevance as the detained immigrant population recently surpassed 440,000 per year. Detaining immigrants presents unique challenges because of detainee characteristics, the performance standards governing facilities, and the intersectoral and intergovernmental arrangements used to manage detention facilities. This research conducts the first‐known large‐N study that evaluates the confinement quality of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement's detention facilities to determine the effect, if any, of contracting on performance. The findings suggest that all detention facilities have deficiencies that threaten the well‐being of detained immigrants, but, broadly, privately contracted detention facility environments are less safe and secure than their public counterparts. The authors use contracting theory to explain why this performance disparity might exist and conclude with a discussion of the practical implications of this research.
Retrospective study evaluating the performance of risk factors for invasive mold infections in liver transplantation
Authors: Neyra Karyna M. , Brizendine Kyle D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundMold infections in liver transplant are associated with high mortality. Guidelines recommend prophylaxis targeted against mold based upon risk factors of fulminant hepatic failure, retransplantation, reoperation, and renal replacement therapy post‐transplant. It is not known if these factors identify risk of mold infection at every center.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted of adult liver transplant recipients at a single center from 2010 to 2014. The association between risk factors and invasive mold infection and effect of antifungal prophylaxis were determined.ResultsFive hundred thirty‐four liver transplant recipients were identified. The overall incidence of invasive mold infection was 0.9% (N = 5). The incidence in patients with (N = 128) and without (N = 406) risk factors was 0.78% and 0.98%, respectively. Antifungal prophylaxis with mold activity was administered to 23/128 (18%) with risk factors, and none developed infection. No mold‐active prophylaxis was given to 105/128 (82%) with risk factors, and incidence of mold infection was 0.95% (N = 1). Number needed to treat was 105.ConclusionsTraditional risk factors for mold infection in liver transplant performed poorly. These results underscore the importance of transplant center‐specific data to inform adoption of an antifungal prophylactic strategy. Studies are needed to determine alternative risk factors to facilitate appropriate targeting of antifungals.
Variables familiares relacionadas con el bullying y el cyberbullying: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Machimbarrena Juan M. , González-Cabrera Joaquín , Garaigordobil Maite 
Published: November 2019

Objetivo. Revisar los estudios que han analizado la relación de bullying/cyberbullying con variables delcontexto familiar. Método. Revisión sistemática, basada en el protocolo Prisma, de los documentos registrados en las principales bases de datos de psicología, que incluían las palabras clave bullying/cyberbullying y familia/padres, entre 2004 y 2017. Setenta y cuatro artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados. La revisión evidenció las siguientes variables familiares asociadas con cada rol: (a) víctimas de bullying: padres/madres autoritarios, punitivos o permisivos; hogares disfuncionales, baja armonía familiar, conflictos, pobre comunicación; reciben muchas críticas, bajo apoyo/atención parental o sobreprotección; (b) cibervíctimas: padres/madres autoritarios o negligentes, conflictos familiares, bajo apoyo parental, padres/madres distantes, vínculos emocionales negativos; (c) agresores de bullying: padres/madres autoritarios, punitivos o permisivos, hogares disfuncionales, conflictos entre padres/madres, violencia doméstica, reciben rechazo, crítica y poco afecto parental; (d) ciberagresores: padres/madres autoritarios, negligentes o permisivos, y conflictos familiares. Por último, resultaron factores protectores: padres/madres democráticas, equilibrados, sin conflictos domésticos, cohesión familiar, interacciones de calidad, fácil comunicación padres-hijos, padres/madres apoyan a sus hijos, son cercanos y fomentan el apego seguro. Conclusión. Algunas variables familiares pueden ser relevantes, aunque en la probabilidad de convertirse en víctima o agresor de bullying y cyberbullying influyan otros factores, como los personales.
A Passive Fault-Tolerant Switched Control Approach for Linear Multivariable Systems: Application to a Quadcopter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Model
Authors: Başak Hasan , Kemer Emre , Prempain Emmanuel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes synthesis algorithms for the design of passive state- and output-feedback fault-tolerant controllers. Sufficient conditions for the existence and the construction of such fault-tolerant controllers are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) which can be solved efficiently. The state-feedback fault-tolerant controller consists of a family of state-feedback gains switched appropriately according to a stabilizing switching signal so that the closed-loop system satisfies a performance requirement expressed in terms of system L2 norm. Similarly, the output feedback controller consists of a family of full-order linear, time-invariant controllers switched according to a stabilizing signal that depends only on the controller states. Both approaches are passive in the sense that they do not rely on the detection and/or the estimation of the faults. The proposed approaches are tested on a nonlinear model of a quadcopter. Simulation results show that satisfactory stability, tracking, and disturbance rejection are maintained despite of time-varying actuator faults.
Validity of the FINDRISC as a prediction tool for diabetes in a contemporary Norwegian population: a 10-year follow-up of the HUNT study
Authors: Jølle Anne , Midthjell Kristian , Holmen Jostein , Carlsen Sven Magnus , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Bjørngaard Johan Håkon , Åsvold Bjørn Olav 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveThe Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) is a recommended tool for type 2 diabetes prediction. There is a lack of studies examining the performance of the current 0–26 point FINDRISC scale. We examined the validity of FINDRISC in a contemporary Norwegian risk environment.Research design and methodsWe followed 47 804 participants without known diabetes and aged ≥20 years in the HUNT3 survey (2006–2008) by linkage to information on glucose-lowering drug dispensing in the Norwegian Prescription Database (2004–2016). We estimated the C-statistic, sensitivity and specificity of FINDRISC as predictor of incident diabetes, as indicated by incident use of glucose-lowering drugs. We estimated the 10-year cumulative diabetes incidence by categories of FINDRISC.ResultsThe C-statistic (95% CI) of FINDRISC in predicting future diabetes was 0.77 (0.76 to 0.78). FINDRISC ≥15 (the conventional cut-off value) had a sensitivity of 38% and a specificity of 90%. The 10-year cumulative diabetes incidence (95% CI) was 4.0% (3.8% to 4.2%) in the entire study population, 13.5% (12.5% to 14.5%) for people with FINDRISC ≥15 and 2.8% (2.6% to 3.0%) for people with FINDRISC <15. Thus, FINDRISC ≥15 had a positive predictive value of 13.5% and a negative predictive value of 97.2% for diabetes within the next 10 years. To approach a similar sensitivity as in the study in which FINDRISC was developed, we would have to lower the cut-off value for elevated FINDRISC to ≥11. This would yield a sensitivity of 73%, specificity of 67%, positive predictive value of 7.7% and negative predictive value of 98.5%.ConclusionsThe validity of FINDRISC and the risk of diabetes among people with FINDRISC ≥15 is substantially lower in the contemporary Norwegian population than assumed in official guidelines. To identify ~3/4 of those developing diabetes within the next 10 years, we would have to lower the threshold for elevated FINDRISC to ≥11, which would label ~1/3 of the entire adult population as having an elevated FINDRISC necessitating a glycemia assessment.