bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral health behaviours and dental caries in low‐income children with special healthcare needs: A prospective observational study
Authors: Lee Jeffrey N. , Scott JoAnna M. , Chi Donald L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDental caries is a significant public health problem for low‐income children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN).AimWe evaluated associations between oral health behaviours (eg diet, fluoride, dental care) and dental caries for CSHCN enrolled in Medicaid, a health insurance programme for low‐income populations that provides comprehensive dental coverage for children.DesignWe recruited 116 CSHCN ages 7‐20 years from Medicaid enrolment files in Washington state, USA. Caregivers completed a 166‐item questionnaire, and children received a dental screening. The outcome was dental caries, defined as total pre‐cavitated, decayed, missing or filled tooth (PDMF) surfaces. We ran log‐linear regression models and generated prevalence rate ratios (PRR).ResultsThe mean age of study participants was 12.4 ± 3.1 years, 41.4% were female, and 38.8% were white. The mean PDMF surfaces were 6.4 ± 9.4 (range: 0‐49). Only sugar‐sweetened beverage intake was significantly associated with dental caries. CSHCN who consumed >4 sugar‐sweetened beverages per week were significantly more likely to have dental caries than those who consumed no sugar‐sweetened beverages (PRR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.37, 4.85; P < .01).ConclusionSugar‐sweetened beverages are an important target for future behavioural interventions aimed at preventing dental caries in low‐income CSHCN.
Influenza response planning for the centers of excellence for influenza research and surveillance: Science preparedness for enhancing global health security
Authors: Moore Kristine A. , Ostrowsky Julia T. , Mehr Angela J. , Osterholm Michael T. ,   The CEIRS Pandemic Planning Committee
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS) network, funded by the US National Institutes of Health, has been operational since 2007 and is tasked with conducting research to improve understanding of influenza viruses. Recently, CEIRS developed an Influenza Response Plan (IRP) to improve science preparedness for the network.MethodsDevelopment of the IRP involved a collaborative process between project staff, CEIRS center directors or their designees, and NIAID CEIRS leadership (referred to as the Pandemic Planning Advisory Committee [PPAC]). Project staff identified and summarized the response capabilities of each center and then worked with the PPAC to identify and rank research priorities for an emergency response using a modified Delphi method.ResultsKey elements of the response plan include tables of response capabilities for each CEIRS center, a framework that outlines and ranks research priorities for CEIRS during an emergency situation, and an operational strategy for executing the research priorities.ConclusionsThe CEIRS IRP highlights the importance of enhancing science preparedness in advance of an influenza pandemic or other influenza‐related zoonotic incident to ensure that research can be carried out expeditiously and effectively in emergency situations and to improve global health security.
Metabolic and perfusion responses to acute hypoglycemia in the rat cortex: A non‐invasive magnetic resonance approach
Authors: Lei Hongxia , Gruetter Rolf 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHypoglycemia is critical condition during diabetic treatment that involves intensive insulin therapy, and it may impair brain function. We aimed to compare cortical responses of three hypoglycemic phases and the restoration of glycemia to control levels after a severe episode in rats using non‐invasive perfusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and localized 1H MR spectroscopy. Under light α‐chloralose anesthesia, cortical blood flow (cCBF) was 42 ± 3 ml/100 g/min at euglycemia (~ 5 mM plasma glucose), was not altered at mild hypoglycemia I (42 ± 4 ml/100 g/min, 2–3.5 mM), increased to 60 ± 8 ml/100 g/min under moderate hypoglycemia II (1–2 mM) and amplified to 190 ± 35 ml/100 g/min at severe hypoglycemia III (< 1 mM). 1H MRS revealed metabolic changes at hypoglycemia I without any perfusion alteration. At hypoglycemia III, glutamine and glutamate decreased, whereas aspartate increased. When animals subsequently regained glycemic control, not all metabolites returned to their control levels, for example, glutamine. Meanwhile, ascorbate was increased with amplified hypoglycemic severity, whereas glutathione was reduced; these compounds did not return to normal levels upon the restoration of glycemia. Our study is the first to report cCBF and neurochemical changes in cortex upon five glycemic stages. The cortical responses of different hypoglycemic phases would explain variable neuronal damages after hypoglycemia and might help identify the degrees of hypoglycemic insults and further improve alternative therapies.
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A single‐center blinded randomized clinical trial to evaluate the anti‐aging effects of a novel HSF™‐based skin care formulation
Authors: Duscher Dominik , Maan Zeshaan N. , Hu Michael S. , Thor Dominik 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundSimilar to chronic wounds, skin aging is characterized by dysfunction of key cellular regulatory pathways. The hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐1α) pathway was linked to both conditions. Recent evidence suggests that modulating this pathway can rejuvenate aged fibroblasts and improve skin regeneration. Here, we describe the application of a novel HIF stimulating factor (HSF™)‐based formulation for skin rejuvenation.MethodsOver a period of 6 weeks using a split‐face study design, the effects on skin surface profile, skin moisture, and transepidermal water loss were determined in 32 female subjects (mean age 54, range 32‐67 years) by Fast Optical in vivo Topometry of Human Skin (FOITSHD), Corneometer, and Tewameter measurements. In addition, a photo documentation was performed for assessment by an expert panel and a survey regarding subject satisfaction was conducted.ResultsNo negative skin reactions of dermatological relevance were documented for the test product. A significant reduction in skin roughness could be demonstrated. The clinical evaluation of the images using a validated method confirmed significant improvement of wrinkles, in particular of fine wrinkles, lip wrinkles, and crow's feet. A significant skin moisturizing effect was detected while skin barrier function was preserved. The HSF™‐based skin care formulation resulted in a self‐reported 94% satisfaction rate.ConclusionWith no negative skin reactions and highly significant effects on skin roughness, wrinkles, and moisturization, the HSF™‐based skin care formulation achieved very satisfying outcomes in this clinical trial. Given the favorable results, this approach represents a promising innovation in aesthetic and regenerative medicine.
Pharmacological screening of fenofibrate-loaded solid dispersion in fructose-induced diabetic rat
Authors: Ghosh Milon Kumar , Wahed Mir Imam Ibne , Khan Rafiqul Islam , Habib Anwar , Barman Ranjan Kumar 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Hyperlipidaemia is a common phenomenon in diabetes mellitus. Fenofibrate (FF) is a good candidate for the treatment of lipid abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes. But the bioavailability as well as therapeutic efficacy of this drug is limited to its dissolution behaviour. Here, the authors assess the therapeutic efficacy of a newly formulated solid dispersion of fenofibrate (SDF) having enhanced dissolution profiles in contrast to pure FF using fructose-induced diabetic rat model.

Methods
Fructose-induced diabetic rat model was developed to assess the pharmacological efficacy of the formulated SDF, and the results were compared with the effects of conventional FF therapy.

Key findings
The 14 days treatment showed better improvement in lipid-lowering potency of SDF than pure FF. SDF containing one-third dose of pure FF showed similar effect in terms of triglyceride, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein lowering efficacy, whereas increased high-density lipoprotein at same extent. The similar dose of SDF produced more prominent effect than FF. Histological studies also demonstrated the enhanced lipid clearance from liver by SDF than FF that was concordant with the biochemical results.

Conclusions
This newly formulated SDF would be a promising alternative for conventional fenofibrate in treating hyperlipidaemia.
Integration of miRNA‐regulatory networks in hepatic stellate cells identifies TIMP3 as a key factor in chronic liver disease
Authors: Azar Fida , Courtet Kevin , Dekky Bassil , Bonnier Dominique , Dameron Olivier , Colige Alain , Legagneux Vincent , Théret Nathalie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsActivation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) is a critical process involved in liver fibrosis. Several miRNAs are implicated in gene regulation during this process but their exact and respective contribution is still incompletely understood. Here we propose an integrative approach of miRNA‐regulatory networks to predict new targets.MethodsmiRNA regulatory networks in activated HSCs were built using lists of validated miRNAs and the CyTargetLinker tool. The resulting graphs were filtered according to public transcriptomic data and the reduced graphs were analysed through GO annotation. A miRNA network regulating the expression of TIMP3 was further studied in human liver samples, isolated hepatic cells and mouse model of liver fibrosis.ResultsWithin the up‐regulated miRNAs, we identified a subnetwork of five miRNAs (miR‐21‐5p, miR‐222‐3p, miR‐221‐3p miR‐181b‐5p and miR‐17‐5p) that target TIMP3. We demonstrated that TIMP3 expression is inversely associated with inflammatory activity and IL1‐ß expression in vivo. We further showed that IL1‐ß inhibits TIMP3 expression in HSC‐derived LX‐2 cells. Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we showed that, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), TIMP3 expression is associated with survival (P < .001), while miR‐221 (P < .05), miR‐222 (P < .01) and miR‐181b (P < .01) are markers for a poor prognosis.ConclusionsSeveral miRNAs targeting TIMP3 are up‐regulated in activated HSCs and down‐regulation of TIMP3 expression is associated with inflammatory activity in liver fibrosis and poor prognosis in HCC. The regulatory network including specific miRNAs and TIMP3 is therefore central for the evolution of chronic liver disease.
Using demographic model selection to untangle allopatric divergence and diversification mechanisms in the Rheum palmatum complex in the Eastern Asiatic Region
Authors: Feng Li , Ruhsam Markus , Wang Yi‐Han , Li Zhong‐Hu , Wang Xu‐Mei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAllopatric divergence is often initiated by geological uplift and restriction to sky‐islands, climate oscillations, or river capture. However, it can be difficult to establish which mechanism was the most likely to generate the current phylogeographical structure of a species. Recently, genomic data in conjunction with a model testing framework have been applied to address this issue in animals. To test whether such an approach is also likely to be successful in plants, we used population genomic data of the Rheum palmatum complex from the Eastern Asiatic Region, in conjunction with biogeographical reconstruction and demographic model selection, to identify the potential mechanism(s) which have led to the current level of divergence. Our results indicate that the R. palmatum complex originated in the central Hengduan Mts and possibly in regions further east, and then dispersed westward and eastward resulting in genetically distinct lineages. Populations are likely to have diverged in refugia during climate oscillations followed by subsequent expansion and secondary contact. However, model simulations within the western lineage of the R. palmatum complex cannot reject a restriction to sky‐islands as a possible mechanism of diversification due to the genetically ambiguous position of one population. This highlights that genetically mixed populations might introduce ambiguity regarding the best diversification model in some cases. Although it might be possible to resolve this ambiguity using other data, sometimes this could prove to be difficult in complex biogeographical areas.
World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Prognostic biomarkers in oral leukoplakia and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia—A systematic review of retrospective studies
Authors: Celentano Antonio , Glurich Ingrid , Borgnakke Wenche S. , Farah Camile S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review retrospective studies examining prognostic potentials of candidate biomarkers to stratify malignant progression of oral leukoplakia (OL) and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL).Materials and MethodsA systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Evidence‐Based Medicine and Web of Science databases targeted literature published through 29 March 2018. Inter‐rater agreement was ascertained during title, abstract and full‐text reviews. Eligibility evaluation and data abstraction from eligible studies were guided by predefined PICO questions and bias assessment by the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. Reporting followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis criteria. Biomarkers were stratified based on cancer hallmarks.ResultsEligible studies (n = 54/3,415) evaluated 109 unique biomarkers in tissue specimens from 2,762 cases (2,713 OL, 49 PVL). No biomarker achieved benchmarks for clinical application to detect malignant transformation. Inter‐rater reliability was high, but 65% of included studies had high “Study Confounding” bias risk.ConclusionThere was no evidence to support translation of candidate biomarkers predictive of malignant transformation of OL and PVL. Systematically designed, large, optimally controlled, collaborative, prospective and longitudinal studies with a priori‐specified methods to identify, recruit, prospectively follow and test for malignant transformation are needed to enhance feasibility of prognostic biomarkers predicting malignant OL or PVL transformation.
Cervical Radiculopathy Caused by a Vertebral Artery Loop: Is a Focused Fluoroscopic‐Guided Cervical Epidural Steroid Injection a Possible Treatment Modality?
Authors: Croci Davide Marco , Koetsier Eva , Maino Paolo , Reinert Michael , Robert Thomas , Scarone Pietro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe describe a case of a patient suffering with cervical radiculopathy due to vertebral artery loop with nerve root compression, treated with an epidural steroid injection. A 37‐year‐old man presented with a 2‐year history of right‐sided radicular pain along the C7 dermatome. Imaging showed a right‐sided loop of the vertebral artery at the V1–V2 transition with contact on the C7 nerve root. The pain was resistant to conservative treatment, and the decision was made to perform a focused fluoroscopy‐guided translaminar epidural steroid injection near the C7 nerve root. The procedure was uneventful, and the symptoms resolved completely after the procedure. Targeted epidural steroid injection might be a useful and safe diagnostic and therapeutic approach in patients affected by cervical radiculopathy due to a VA loop. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a VA loop associated with cervical radiculopathy treated with this technique.
Building ‘a compassionate armour’: The journey to develop strength and self‐compassion in a group treatment for complex post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Ashfield Emily , Chan Carmen , Lee Deborah 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesComplex post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with severe difficulties in emotional regulation, interpersonal relationships, and shame. For individuals with these difficulties, exposure‐based treatment for PTSD symptoms is less effective and can even be harmful. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of change at an individual and group level for individuals completing treatment for complex PTSD.DesignConstructivist grounded theory was used to develop an explanatory theoretical model of the change process.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 11 women with a diagnosis of complex PTSD who had completed the group treatment.ResultsThe theoretical model captured change as an ongoing journey, which continued after treatment finished. Participants identified three essential aspects of the group that brought about change. The first was the group itself, in which valued relationships were formed. Additionally, participants described two key mechanisms – developing a comprehensive understanding of themselves and their difficulties, and experiencing their emotions and compassion from others.ConclusionsThe key mechanisms of change were the relationships formed within the group and the need for a deeper understanding of the self in order to reduce shame and prepare for exposure‐based treatment. Further support is provided for a phase‐based approach to complex PTSD treatment. Psychoeducation alone, however, was not sufficient, and it was also crucial that participants could safely access their emotions and experience compassion from others in order for change to come about.Practitioner pointsImportant aspects of treatment for complex PTSD are emphasised to inform professional practice. In particular, the role of relationships is altering self‐perceptions through group therapy.Other key elements included participants building an understanding of themselves and their difficulties through psychoeducation, developing compassion for others and themselves, and safely accessing their emotions.This study also builds upon the body of evidence for the benefits of phase‐based treatment which addresses shame and emotional regulation prior to exposure therapy.
Previous antibiotic use and the development of Kawasaki disease: a matched pair case‐control study
Authors: Fukazawa Mitsuharu , Fukazawa Mitsuru , Nanishi Etsuro , Nishio Hisanori , Ichihara Kiyoshi , Ohga Shouichi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundKawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile illness with systemic vasculitides, mostly affecting infants and young children. The etiology of KD is still unclear; however, altered gut microbiota have been recently implicated as a contributing factor for the development of vasculitis.MethodsWe conducted an age‐ and gender‐matched case‐control study on 50 patients and 200 control subjects to search for potential factors leading to intestinal dysbiosis associated with KD. Data were analyzed using conditional multivariable logistic regression.ResultsPrevious antibiotic administration was associated with the patients who developed KD (odds ratio [OR] 11.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.7−29.1, P < 0.0001), but not other variables, including breastfeeding and group nursery. In subgroup analyses, cesarean birth was indicated as an associated factor in addition to previous antibiotic administration in infants under 12 months of age (OR: 8.0, 95% CI: 1.8−34.4, P = 0.005), but not in older children.ConclusionsThe association between previous antibiotic administration and the onset of KD was demonstrated. Antibiotics may contribute to the development of KD by affecting the intestinal microbiota in infants and young children.
Propositions as Structured Cognitive Event‐Types
Authors: Davis Wayne A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAccording to act theories, propositions are structured cognitive act‐types. Act theories appear to make propositions inherently representational and truth‐evaluable, and to provide solutions to familiar problems with alternative theories, including Frege’s and Russell’s problems, and the third‐realm and unity problems. Act theories have critical problems of their own, though: acts as opposed to their objects are not truth evaluable, not structured in the right way, not expressed by sentences, and not the objects of propositional attitudes. I show how identifying propositions with other cognitive event‐types, namely thoughts, has the perceived virtues of act theories without the defects.
Selective visual attention to emotional pictures: Interactions of task‐relevance and emotion are restricted to the late positive potential
Authors: Schindler Sebastian , Straube Thomas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe temporal dynamics of top‐down voluntary and bottom‐up driven emotional attention are a matter of debate. Both emotion and task‐relevance have been shown to affect the early posterior negativity (EPN) and the late positive potential (LPP) during the processing of emotional pictures, whereas there are mixed findings related to interactions of emotion and task‐relevance. In this preregistered study, we used Bayesian models to test this interplay between emotion and task‐relevance. Participants (N = 104) were presented negative, neutral, and positive International Affective Picture System (IAPS) pictures, and block‐wise were asked to respond either to negative, neutral, or positive pictures, rendering one stimulus category task‐relevant and the remaining stimuli task‐irrelevant. Bayesian models showed evidence for the absence of interactions between task‐relevance and emotion. Furthermore, models showed parallel emotion and task effects for the EPN and late stages of the LPP. Additional interactive effects were found during an early LPP interval (400 to 600 ms), with increased LPP amplitudes when emotion was rendered task‐relevant. Taken together, the results revealed distinct but parallel temporal onsets of task‐relevance and emotion effects, followed by task and emotion interactions in the early LPP. Thus, based on this high‐powered study employing Bayesian analysis, evidence is provided that interactions between task‐relevance and emotion do not emerge before the LPP time window. These results further inform theories proposing early parallel and late interactive processes of the emotional salience of stimuli and top‐down attention.
Porosity in chalk – roles of elastic strain and plastic strain
Authors: Fabricius Ida Lykke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChalks originate as Cretaceous to Recent pelagic or hemipelagic calcareous ooze, which indurate via burial diagenesis to chalk and limestone. Because they accumulate in pelagic settings with high environmental continuity, chalks may form thick formations and even groups. For this reason, and because chalks have a simple mineralogy (low magnesium calcite, silica and clays), they are ideal for the study of diagenetic processes including the depth‐related decrease of porosity. It is the aim of this study to illustrate how the evaluation of in situ elastic strain can help in understanding these processes including the interplay between stress‐controlled diagenetic processes and processes furthered by thermal energy. Petrophysical core and well data can be used for analyses of how porosity reduction via pore collapse and pressure dissolution is related to in situ elastic strain. The data in question are: depth, density of overburden, pore pressure, ultrasonic P‐wave velocity and dry density/porosity. The analysis reveals that the transition from ooze to chalk is associated with high elastic strain and consequent pressure dissolution at calcite–particle contacts causing contact cementation. The transition from chalk to limestone is also associated with high elastic strain, especially at clay–calcite interphases causing development of stylolites via pressure dissolution, and consequent pore‐filling cementation. Following each transformation the elastic strain drops rapidly. The observation of this diagenesis‐related pattern in elastic strain of the sedimentary rock is novel and should not only be helpful in understanding the porosity development in sedimentary basins, but also add basic scientific insight.