bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clay/MgFe2O4 as a Novel Composite for Removal of Cr (VI) From Aqueous Media
Authors: Esmaeili Hossein , Hashemi Seyyed Ali Akbar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this research, clay was modified by MgFe2O4 nanoparticles and was then used to remove Cr (VI) from aqueous media. The properties of the composite were characterized by several analyses such as Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX). According to the BET analysis, specific surface area and mean pores size for the clay/MgFe2O4 composite were obtained 71.23 m2/g and 96.14 °A, respectively, which illustrates that the aforementioned composite had a mesoporous structure. Also, the XRD analysis indicated that the clay/MgFe2O4 composite had a highly crystalline structure. Moreover, the sorption results indicated that the highest removal efficiency of Cr (VI) ion was obtained 96.05% after 15 min and pH value of 4.5. Furthermore, the maximum sorption capacity by the Langmuir model was determined 217.39 mg/g, which was a significant sorption capacity. Moreover, the reusability of the composite was studied after 8 cycles and the results showed that the composite could remove Cr (VI) with a removal efficiency of 94.55% after 4 times reusing the composite, which indicated a significant property of the adsorbent. Furthermore, the Langmuir isotherm was better fitted with the experimental data. Besides, the thermodynamic study indicated that the sorption of Cr (VI) using the clay/MgFe2O4 was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic.
Light‐Driven Proton Transfer for Cyclic and Temporal Switching of Enzymatic Nanoreactors
Authors: Moreno Silvia , Sharan Priyanka , Engelke Johanna , Gumz Hannes , Boye Susanne , Oertel Ulrich , Wang Peng , Banerjee Susanta , Klajn Rafal , Voit Brigitte , Lederer Albena , Appelhans Dietmar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTemporal activation of biological processes by visible light and subsequent return to an inactive state in the absence of light is an essential characteristic of photoreceptor cells. Inspired by these phenomena, light‐responsive materials are very attractive due to the high spatiotemporal control of light irradiation, with light being able to precisely orchestrate processes repeatedly over many cycles. Herein, it is reported that light‐driven proton transfer triggered by a merocyanine‐based photoacid can be used to modulate the permeability of pH‐responsive polymersomes through cyclic, temporally controlled protonation and deprotonation of the polymersome membrane. The membranes can undergo repeated light‐driven swelling–contraction cycles without losing functional effectiveness. When applied to enzyme loaded‐nanoreactors, this membrane responsiveness is used for the reversible control of enzymatic reactions. This combination of the merocyanine‐based photoacid and pH‐switchable nanoreactors results in rapidly responding and versatile supramolecular systems successfully used to switch enzymatic reactions ON and OFF on demand.
Fast Scanning Probe Microscopy via Machine Learning: Non‐Rectangular Scans with Compressed Sensing and Gaussian Process Optimization
Authors: Kelley Kyle P. , Ziatdinov Maxim , Collins Liam , Susner Michael A. , Vasudevan Rama K. , Balke Nina , Kalinin Sergei V. , Jesse Stephen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFast scanning probe microscopy enabled via machine learning allows for a broad range of nanoscale, temporally resolved physics to be uncovered. However, such examples for functional imaging are few in number. Here, using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) as a model application, a factor of 5.8 reduction in data collection using a combination of sparse spiral scanning with compressive sensing and Gaussian process regression reconstruction is demonstrated. It is found that even extremely sparse spiral scans offer strong reconstructions with less than 6% error for Gaussian process regression reconstructions. Further, the error associated with each reconstructive technique per reconstruction iteration is analyzed, finding the error is similar past ≈15 iterations, while at initial iterations Gaussian process regression outperforms compressive sensing. This study highlights the capabilities of reconstruction techniques when applied to sparse data, particularly sparse spiral PFM scans, with broad applications in scanning probe and electron microscopies.
Gallic acid improves recognition memory and decreases oxidative‐inflammatory damage in the rat hippocampus with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Diaz Alfonso , Muñoz‐Arenas Guadalupe , Caporal‐Hernandez Karen , Vázquez‐Roque Rubén , Lopez‐Lopez Gustavo , Kozina Anna , Espinosa Blanca , Flores Gonzalo , Treviño Samuel , Guevara Jorge 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MS) results from excessive consumption of high‐calorie foods and sedentary lifestyles. Clinically, insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension are observed. MS has been considered a risk factor in the development of dementia. In the brain, a metabolically impaired environment generates oxidative stress and excessive production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines that deteriorate the morphology and neuronal function in the hippocampus, leading to cognitive impairment. Therapeutic alternatives suggest that phenolic compounds can be part of the treatment for neuropathies and metabolic diseases. In recent years, the use of Gallic Acid (GA) has demonstrated antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects that contribute to neuroprotection and memory improvement in animal models. However, the effect of GA on hippocampal neurodegeneration and memory impairment under MS conditions is still unclear. In this work, we administered GA (20 mg/kg) for 60 days to rats with MS. The results show that GA treatment improved zoometric and biochemical parameters, as well as the recognition memory, in animals with MS. Additionally, GA administration increased hippocampal dendritic spines and decreased oxidative stress and inflammation. Our results show that GA treatment improves metabolism: reducing the oxidative and inflammatory environment that facilitates the recovery of the neuronal morphology in the hippocampus of rats with MS. Consequently, the recognition of objects by these animals, suggesting that GA could be used therapeutically in metabolic disorders that cause dementia.
Assessment of Matourea pratensis (Plantaginaceae: Gratioleae) reveals an older name for Achetaria
Authors: Colletta Gabriel Dalla , Scatigna André Vito , Souza Vinicius Castro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMatourea pratensis is a name published by Aublet in 1775 that has never been typified and whose identity has long been obscure. It was historically associated with Stemodia foliosa, as S. pratensis, a species with reported medical importance and wide distribution in the Neotropics. However, its morphology has also been interpreted as more similar to Achetaria, a genus widely distributed throughout the Neotropics and also with medicinal, ecological and economic value. After an extensive bibliographical survey, along with morphological study of type specimens of M. pratensis, S. foliosa, and Achetaria spp., we conclude that (1) S. foliosa and M. pratensis represent distinct taxa; and (2) M. pratensis is congeneric with Achetaria. As a result, we transfer the currently accepted species of Achetaria to Matourea, proposing eight new combinations (M. azurea, M. caparaoensis, M. crenata, M. erecta, M. latifolia, M. ocymoides, M. platychila, M. scutellarioides). Additionally, we designate lectotypes for M. pratensis, Tetraplacus platychilus f. longifolius, Otacanthus caparaoensis, O. fluminensis, and O. villosus, and a second‐step lectotype for Beyrichia scutellarioides.
Sketching, not representational competence, predicts improved science learning
Authors: Stieff Mike , DeSutter Dane 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRepresentational competence is a target of novel learning environments given the assumption that improved representational competence improves learning in science. There exists little evidence, however, that improving representational competence is positively correlated with learning outcomes across science disciplines. In this report, we argue that the previously reported weak relationships between representational competence and science learning outcomes have resulted from designs that do not explicitly analyze the discipline‐specific skills related to the representational competence construct. Here, we demonstrate through a detailed analysis of students' representation use that at least two demonstrated skills comprising representational competence (e.g., construction and selection) are not strongly related to improved conceptual understanding in the domain. We discuss the implications of these results for the design of future learning environments that aim to improve learning through improved representational competence.
Assessing the efficacy of a tongue image analyzing system (TIAS) for the objective diagnosis of static blood: An observational, retrospective, single‐center study of Japanese Kampo medicine
Authors: Kainuma Mosaburo , Matsumura Chiaki , Kawashiri Takehiro , Kobayashi Daisuke , Murakami Aya , Nakaguchi Toshiya , Namiki Takao , Shimazoe Takao 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTAimStatic blood (SB) is an important pathological concept of Kampo medicine. Although tongue findings are very useful in the diagnosis of SB, the relation between the severity of SB and tongue color (TC) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between the severity of SB and TC obtained by the use of a Tongue image analyzing system (TIAS).MethodsWe analyzed data from 227 new patients (age 20–85) who visited the Kyushu University Hospital Kampo Clinic between 2013 and 2018. The SB score was calculated based on the diagnostic criteria by Terasawa et al. and classified into three groups: non‐static blood (NSB) ≤20 points, SB 20.5 to 39.5 points, severe static blood (SSB) ≥40 points. TC was measured by the device‐independent international commission on Illumination 1976L*a*b* color space standards at four points: (i) edge; (ii) posterior; (iii) middle; and (iv) apex.ResultsSB and SSB occurred significantly more frequently in women and patients were of younger age than in the NSB group (P < 0.05). Analysis of TC found 1L* and 4L* to be significantly lower (P < 0.05), and 1a*, 2a*, 3a*, and 4a* significantly higher in SSB than in NSB (P < 0.05). The cutoff value of 2a* and the combination of 1L* + 1a* for SSB prediction obtained from the ROC curve were 2a*, 25.78 (Se: 43%, Sp: 85%, AUC: 0.65), 1L* + 1a*: 1L*, 61.31 and 1a*, 26.16 (Se: 51%, Sp: 82%, AUC: 0.65).ConclusionTC diagnosis with TIAS would be a useful screening tool for judging the severity of SB.
Land management in a post‐Brexit UK: An opportunity for integrated catchment management to deliver multiple benefits?
Authors: Klaar Megan J. , Carver Stephen , Kay Paul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent environmental policy bills outlined by the UK government in the wake of Brexit highlight an intention by the government to take a more holistic approach to land and water management. While previous legislation has taken a siloed approach to landscape management, often focusing on point source pollutions, the Agriculture and Environment Bills present the opportunity for effective protection of the environment while providing wider environmental benefits such as reduced flood risk, increased biodiversity and provision of cultural services. We outline how and why previous European Union legislation has failed to deliver the intended environmental improvements relating to agricultural land management in the UK. We highlight how the adoption of integrated catchment management and proposed “payment‐for‐outcome” schemes at a large scale could be used to push the United Kingdom into the forefront of sustainable farming, land management and championing environmental benefits to society.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Science of Water > Water Quality
Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Human Water > Water Governance
Privatizing climate adaptation: How insurance weakens solidaristic and collective disaster recovery
Authors: Lucas Chloe H. , Booth Kate I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs losses from extreme weather events grow, many governments are looking to privatize the financing and incentivization of climate adaptation through insurance markets. In a pure market approach to insurance for extreme weather events, individuals become responsible for ensuring they are adequately covered for risks to their own properties, and governments no longer contribute funds to post‐disaster recovery. Theoretically, insurance premiums signal the level of risk faced by each household, and incentivize homeowners to invest in adaptive action, such as retrofitting, or drainage work, to reduce premiums. Where risk is considered too high by insurance markets, housing is devalued, in theory leading to retreat from risky areas. In this review article, we evaluate the suitability of private insurance as a mechanism for climate adaptation at a household and community level. We find a mismatch between social understandings of responsibility for climate risks, and the technocratic, market‐based home insurance products offered by private insurance markets. We suggest that by constructing increasingly individualized, technical, and calculative evaluations of risk, market‐based models of insurance for extreme weather events erode the solidaristic and collective discourses and practices that support adaptive behavior.This article is categorized under:
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation
Cyclic Flats of a Polymatroid
Authors: Csirmaz Laszlo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPolymatroids can be considered as “fractional matroids” where the rank function is not required to be integer valued. Many, but not every notion in matroid terminology translates naturally to polymatroids. Defining cyclic flats of a polymatroid carefully, the characterization by Bonin and de Mier of the ranked lattice of cyclic flats carries over to polymatroids. The main tool, which might be of independent interest, is a convolution-like method which creates a polymatroid from a ranked lattice and a discrete measure. Examples show the ease of using the convolution technique.
Tools of the trade: trade flexibility with respect to margins and buyers
Authors: Asche Frank , Oglend Atle , Straume Hans-Martin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAccess to highly disaggregated trade data allows for a more nuanced investigation of different margins of trade, and the factors known to influence them. In this paper, the number of importers and shipments to each importer is investigated together with the more traditional margins. Potential explanatory factors of these trade margins are combined from three literature strands in addition to the standard gravity variables; firm productivity, per-unit shipment costs and country-specific trade costs. The empirical results show, not unexpectedly, that insights from all these different strands of literature influence trade margins significantly. In particular, the number of shipments per importer increases with distance, degree of remoteness and per-shipment cost, and the number of importers decreases with the distance, remoteness and per-unit shipping cost. This indicates that increased trade costs make exporters economize in existing networks. Finally, disaggregating the data into three main product categories using Rauch’s classification, trade patterns are shown to vary by product group.
Effects of Different Types of Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kemmler Wolfgang , Shojaa Mahdieh , Kohl Matthias , von Stengel Simon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this sub-analysis of a comprehensive meta-analysis, we aimed to determine the effect of different types of exercise on (areal) bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. A systematic review of the literature according to the PRISMA statement included (a) controlled trials, (b) with at least one exercise and one control group, (c) intervention ≥ 6 months, (d) BMD assessments at lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN) or total hip (TH), (e) in postmenopausal women. Eight electronic databases were scanned without language restrictions up to March 2019. The present subgroup analysis was conducted as a mixed-effect meta-analysis with “type of exercise” as the moderator. The 84 eligible exercise groups were classified into (a) weight bearing (WB,n = 30) exercise, (b) (dynamic) resistance exercise (DRT,n = 18), (c) mixed WB&DRT interventions (n = 36). Outcome measures were standardized mean differences (SMD) for BMD-changes at LS, FN and TH. All types of exercise significantly affect BMD at LS, FN and TH. SMD for LS average 0.40 (95% CI 0.15–0.65) for DRT, SMD 0.26 (0.03–0.49) for WB and SMD 0.42 (0.23–0.61) for WB&DRT. SMD for FN were 0.27 (0.09–0.45) for DRT, 0.37 (0.12–0.62) for WB and 0.35 (0.19–0.51) for WB&DRT. Lastly, SMD for TH changes were 0.51 (0.28–0.74) for DRT, 0.40 (0.21–0.58) for WB and 0.34 (0.14–0.53) for WB&DRT. In summary, we provided further evidence for the favorable effect of exercise on BMD largely independent of the type of exercise. However, in order to generate dedicated exercise recommendations or exercise guideline, meta-analyses might be a too rough tool.
Pelvic lymph-node staging with 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT prior to extended pelvic lymph-node dissection in primary prostate cancer - the SALT trial -
Authors: Jansen B. H. E. , Bodar Y. J. L. , Zwezerijnen G. J. C. , Meijer D. , van der Voorn J. P. , Nieuwenhuijzen J. A. , Wondergem M. , Roeleveld T. A. , Boellaard R. , Hoekstra O. S. , van Moorselaar R. J. A. , Oprea-Lager D. E. , Vis A. N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThe detection of lymph-node metastases (N1) with conventional imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) is inadequate for primarily diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa). Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT is successfully introduced for the staging of (biochemically) recurrent PCa. Besides the frequently used68gallium-labelled PSMA tracers,18fluorine-labelled PSMA tracers are available. This study examined the diagnostic accuracy of18F-DCFPyL (PSMA) PET/CT for lymph-node staging in primary PCa.MethodsThis was a prospective, multicentre cohort study. Patients with primary PCa underwent18F-DCFPyL PET/CT prior to robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) with extended pelvic lymph-node dissection (ePLND). Patients were included between October 2017 and January 2020. A Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre (MSKCC) nomogram risk probability of ≥ 8% of lymph-node metastases was set to perform ePLND. All images were reviewed by two experienced nuclear physicians, and were compared with post-operative histopathologic results.ResultsA total of 117 patients was analysed. Lymph-node metastases (N1) were histologically diagnosed in 17/117 patients (14.5%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for the18F-DCFPyL PET/CT detection of pelvic lymph-node metastases on a patient level were 41.2% (confidence interval (CI): 19.4–66.5%), 94.0% (CI 86.9–97.5%), 53.8% (CI 26.1–79.6%) and 90.4% (CI 82.6–95.0%), respectively.Conclusion18F-DCFPyL PET/CT showed a high specificity (94.4%), yet a limited sensitivity (41.2%) for the detection of pelvic lymph-node metastases in primary PCa. This implies that current PSMA PET/CT imaging cannot replace diagnostic ePLND. Further research is necessary to define the exact place of PSMA PET/CT imaging in the primary staging of PCa.
An Analytical Review of Different Approaches to Wastewater Discharge Standards with Particular Emphasis on Nutrients
Authors: Preisner Michał , Neverova-Dziopak Elena , Kowalewski Zbigniew 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite the implementation of strict legal standards concerning nutrient loads within wastewater discharges in all European Union (EU) Member States it was not possible to achieve good ecological and chemical water status by 2015 in all EU countries. The main reasons for this situation are the imperfections of the legislation tools regarding the standardization of wastewater quality and the methodology of determining the conditions for wastewater introduction into receivers. The study aims to review and analyze the currently existing in various countries legal regulations setting the standards for wastewater discharged into receivers, which were intended for surface water protection and eutrophication mitigation. Besides the EU effluent standards, the regional and national regulations in chosen EU Member States (e.g., Germany, Sweden, and Denmark) have been reviewed. Moreover, the Helsinki Commission recommendations for signatory countries within the Baltic Sea catchment and the approaches for wastewater quality standardization in non-EU countries (e.g., Russia, Belarus, Switzerland, China, USA, Canada, and Dubai) were assessed. The analysis of the reviewed legal regulations allowed to diversify the methodological approaches for setting effluent quality standards in different regions and countries and to assess the effectiveness of existing legal tools in the field of eutrophication mitigation with the consideration of the environmental and economic reasonability. The results suggest that the receiver-oriented policies used among others in Switzerland and China are the most reasonable in terms of eutrophication mitigation.
The EQ-5D-3L administered by text message compared to the paper version for hard-to-reach populations in a rural South African trauma setting: a measurement equivalence study
Authors: Burnand Henry G. , McMahon Samuel E. , Sayers Adrian , Tshengu Tembisa , Gibson Norrie , Blom Ashley W. , Whitehouse Michael R. , Wylde Vikki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Administering patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) by text message may improve response rate in hard-to-reach populations. This study explored cultural acceptability of PROMs and compared measurement equivalence of the EQ-5D-3L administered on paper and by text message in a rural South African setting.

Materials and methods
Participants with upper or lower limb orthopaedic pathology were recruited. The EQ-5D was administered first on paper and then by text message after 24 h and 7 days. Differences in mean scores for paper and text message versions of the EQ-5D were evaluated. Test–retest reliability between text message versions was evaluated using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs).

Results
147 participants completed a paper EQ-5D. Response rates were 67% at 24 h and 58% at 7 days. There were no differences in means between paper and text message responses for the EQ-5D Index (p = 0.95) or EQ-5D VAS (p = 0.26). There was acceptable agreement between the paper and 24-h text message EQ-5D Index (0.84; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.78–0.89) and EQ-5D VAS (0.73; 95% CI 0.64–0.82) and acceptable agreement between the 24-h and 7-day text message EQ-Index (0.72; CI 0.62–0.82) and EQ-VAS (0.72; CI 0.62–0.82). Non-responder traits were increasing age, Xhosa as first language and lower educational levels.

Conclusions
Text messaging is equivalent to paper-based measurement of EQ-5D in this setting and is thus a viable tool for responders. Non-responders had similar socioeconomic characteristics and attrition rates to traditional modes of administration. The EQ-5D by text message offers potential clinical and research uses in hard-to-reach populations.