bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
D1, not D2, dopamine receptor activation dramatically improves MPTP-induced parkinsonism unresponsive to levodopa
Authors: Mailman Richard B. , Yang Yang , Huang Xuemei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLevodopa is the Parkinson’s disease standard-of-care, but continued loss of dopamine neurons with disease progression decreases its bioconversion to dopamine, leading to increased side effects and decreased efficacy. In theory, dopamine agonists could equal levodopa, but no approved oral “dopamine agonist” matches the efficacy of levodopa. Although there are consistent data in both primate models and in Parkinson’s disease showing that selective high intrinsic activity D1agonists can equal levodopa, there are no data on whether such compounds would be effective in severe disease when levodopa efficacy is lower or even absent. We compared two approved antiparkinson drugs (levodopa and the D2/3agonist bromocriptine) with the experimental selective D1full agonist dihydrexidine in two severely parkinsonian MPTP-treated non-human primates. Bromocriptine caused no discernable improvement in parkinsonian signs, whereas levodopa caused a small transient improvement in one of the two subjects. Conversely, the full D1agonist dihydrexidine caused a dramatic improvement in both subjects, decreasing parkinsonian signs by ca. 75%. No attenuation of dihydrexidine effects was observed when the two subjects were pretreated with the D2antagonist remoxipride. These data provide evidence that selective D1agonists may provide profound antiparkinson symptomatic relief even when the degree of nigrostriatal degeneration is so severe that current drugs are ineffective. Until effective disease-modifying therapies are discovered, high intrinsic activity D1agonists may offer a major therapeutic advance in improving the quality of life, and potentially the longevity, of late stage Parkinson’s patients.
Diesel2p mesoscope with dual independent scan engines for flexible capture of dynamics in distributed neural circuitry
Authors: Yu Che-Hang , Stirman Jeffrey N. , Yu Yiyi , Hira Riichiro , Smith Spencer L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImaging the activity of neurons that are widely distributed across brain regions deep in scattering tissue at high speed remains challenging. Here, we introduce an open-source system with Dual Independent Enhanced Scan Engines for Large Field-of-view Two-Photon imaging (Diesel2p). Combining novel optical design, adaptive optics, and temporal multiplexing, the system offers subcellular resolution over a large field-of-view (∼ 25 mm2) with independent scan engines. We demonstrate the flexibility and various use cases of this system for calcium imaging of neurons in the living brain.
Pre-determined macromolecular leakage sites with dynamic properties establish endothelial intra-vessel heterogeneity
Authors: Richards M , Venkatraman L , Claesson-Welsh L 
Published: September 2020

SummaryEndothelial cells display heterogeneous properties based on location and function. How this heterogeneity influences endothelial barrier stability both between and within vessel subtypes is unexplored. We find here that endothelial cells exhibit heterogeneous barrier properties on inter-organ and intra-vessel levels. Using intravital microscopy and sequential stimulation of the ear dermis with vascular endothelial growth factor-A and/or histamine, we observe distinct, reappearing sites, common for both agonists, where leakage preferentially takes place. Further, through repetitive stimulation of the diaphragm and trachea, we find inter-organ conservation of such leakage sites. Qualitatively, pre-determined sites display distinct leakage properties and enhanced barrier breakdown compared to less susceptible regions. Mechanistically, pre-determined sites exhibit lower laminin α5 deposition, which correlates with reduced junctional vascular endothelial (VE)-Cadherin. These data thus highlight functional intra-vessel heterogeneity that defines pre-determined sites which display distinct leakage properties and which may have great impact on pathological vascular leakage and drug delivery.
MICAL2 acts through Arp3B isoform-specific Arp2/3 complexes to destabilize branched actin networks
Authors: Galloni Chiara , Carra Davide , Abella Jasmine V. G. , Kjær Svend , Singaravelu Pavithra , Barry David J , Kogata Naoko , Guérin Christophe , Blanchoin Laurent , Way Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Arp2/3 complex (Arp2, Arp3 and ARPC1-5) is essential to generate branched actin filament networks for many cellular processes. Human Arp3, ARPC1 and ARPC5 exist as two isoforms but the functional properties of Arp2/3 iso-complexes is largely unexplored. Here we show that Arp3B, but not Arp3 is subject to regulation by the methionine monooxygenase MICAL2, which is recruited to branched actin networks by coronin-1C. Although Arp3 and Arp3B iso-complexes promote actin assembly equally efficiently in vitro, they have different cellular properties. Arp3B turns over significantly faster than Arp3 within the network and upon its depletion actin turnover decreases. Substitution of Arp3B Met293 by Thr, the corresponding residue in Arp3 increases actin network stability, and conversely, replacing Arp3 Thr293 with Gln to mimic Met oxidation promotes network disassembly. Thus, MICAL2 regulates a subset of Arp2/3 complexes to control branched actin network disassembly.
Price bubbles in agricultural commodity markets and contributing factors: evidence for corn and soybeans in China
Authors: Mao Qianqian , Ren Yanjun , Loy Jens-Peter 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to detect the existence of price bubbles and examine the possible contributing factors that associate with price bubble occurrences in China agricultural commodity markets.Design/methodology/approachUsing recently developed rolling window right-side augmented Dickey–Fuller test, we first detect the dates of price bubbles in China's two important agricultural commodity markets, namely corn and soybeans. Then, we use a penalized maximum likelihood estimation of a multinomial logistic model to estimate the contributing factors of price bubbles in both markets, respectively.FindingsResults from the bubble detection indicate that price bubbles account for 5.48% (3.91%) of the studied periods for corn (soybeans). More importantly, we find that market liquidity and speculation have opposite effects on the occurrences of bubbles in the corn and soybeans market. World stocks-to-use and exchange rates affect the occurrences of bubbles in a different way for each commodity, as well. Price bubbles are more likely associated with strong economic activity, high interest rates and low inflation levels.Originality/valueThis is the first study considering commodity-specific features into the formation of price bubbles. Through accurately identifying the bubble dates and fixing the estimation bias of rare events models, this study enables us to obtain robust results for each commodity. The results imply that China's corn and soybeans market respond differently to the speculative activity and external shocks from international markets. Therefore, future policy regulations on commodity markets should focus on more commodity-specific factors when aiming at avoiding bubble occurrences.
A multilevel approach to competence management in innovative small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): literature review and research agenda
Authors: Loufrani-Fedida Sabrina , Aldebert Bénédicte 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to improve the understanding of competence management in innovative small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) through a multilevel approach.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts a three-part structure to propose a conceptual and theoretical framework. It first explores the full scope of multilevel approaches to human resource management research, both in theory and in practice. It then reviews the literature on competence management in innovative SMEs, before demonstrating that the topic is a multilevel phenomenon. Finally, it reflects on the research and methodology implications, identifies limitations and provides suggestions for future research.FindingsThis literature review shows that competence management in innovative SMEs is a multilevel phenomenon. It outlines the research and methodology implications, identifies limitations and suggests future research directions.Originality/valueThe overarching contribution is to offer a literature review and a research agenda for a multilevel approach to competence management in the development of innovative SMEs.
New ventures as value cocreators in digital ecosystems
Authors: Prashantham Shameen 
Published: September 2020

PurposeTo stimulate further research aimed at understanding how value can be cocreated by participants in digital ecosystems, this paper draws attention to new ventures as focal actors in innovation ecosystems orchestrated by hub firms.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual article that imports the notion of network oscillation (a pattern of brokerage-closure-brokerage) from social network studies to the conversation on digital ecosystems.FindingsOne potential pattern that a new venture may pursue to increase its prospects of cocreating value in an innovation ecosystem includes: (1) brokerage to gain managerial attention from a business unit of the hub firm, (2) switching to closure to attract attention from the wider hub firm (e.g. headquarters) and (3) reverting to brokerage to pursue synergistic network expansion opportunities from the wider interfirm ecosystem.Research limitations/implicationsThe exploratory ideas in this paper can help advance both entrepreneurship and information systems research.Originality/valueThis paper offers preliminary ideas on egocentric network dynamics associated with a new venture partnering with a large ecosystem hub firm. Such a perspective is appropriate since achieving value creation through active partnering requires building and strengthening ties over time across the hub firm's ecosystem.
Budgetary responses to COVID-19: the case of South Korea
Authors: Kim Bong Hwan 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis paper presents the details, circumstances and issues relating to Korea's budgetary responses to COVID-19.Design/methodology/approachThe author analyzes the details and consequences of budget responses to COVID-19 of Korea.FindingsKorea has implemented two supplementary budgets, worth 50 tn KRW, which were approved by the National Parliament within an average of 13 days. This was an exceptionally quick approval by the Parliament. While these prompt actions help the government provide necessary measures to combat the pandemic, hasty decisions may have long-term consequences on fiscal soundness. Effective handling of COVID-19 in Korea increased the approval rating for the current administration.Originality/valueThis is consistent with the argument by Bartels (2013) who states that ordinary citizens assess politicians and policies primarily on the basis of visible evidence of success or failure. Because evaluations on government projects other than handling crisis is out of people's interests during pandemic, inefficient projects tend to be maintained. For future, it is desirable to have a fiscal rule beforehand to address a crisis.
Reflections on the Austrian COVID-19 budgetary emergency measures and their potential to reconfigure the public financial management system
Authors: Seiwald Johann , Polzer Tobias 
Published: September 2020

PurposeCrises constitute stress tests for public sectors, with public financial management (PFM) systems having to respond to emergency needs. In this study, the authors analyze (1) what elements of the Austrian PFM system have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) what mechanisms have been applied to close identified gaps in the PFM system and to ensure alignment with budget principles. The authors then reflect on these PFM measures.Design/methodology/approachThe research departs from the pre-crisis configuration of the Austrian PFM system. Making use of a data triangulation strategy, the paper analyses draft laws and regulations with corresponding explanatory notes and impact assessments, transcripts from debates in the federal Parliament and articles and commentaries issued by various stakeholders.FindingsThe analysis of five areas relevant to the reconfiguration of the Austrian PFM system shows that the pandemic has caused an external shock, but at the same time, the current system has not been challenged in substance and has been utilized to react to the pandemic—resulting in (ad hoc) modifications. The system has proved robust and crisis responsive; however, in a reactive pattern, emerging ad hoc elements have been integrated, with a number of defensive mechanisms ensuring compliance with budget principles. In addition, in some areas, more proactive actions have been taken for closing system gaps (e.g. risk disclosure).Originality/valueThe authors evaluate the likelihood of (proposed, decided and implemented) emerging elements or revisions to a PFM system being embedded into the existing PFM system, alongside reflecting on results and necessary further adjustments.
Citizen science versus professional data collection: Comparison of approaches to mosquito monitoring in Germany
Authors: Pernat Nadja , Kampen Helge , Jeschke Jonathan M. , Werner Doreen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDue to the recent emergence of invasive mosquito species and the outbreaks of mosquito‐borne diseases in Europe, research on the ecology and diversity of the mosquito fauna has returned to scientific agendas. Through a nationwide surveillance programme in Germany, mosquitoes have been monitored actively by systematically operated traps since 2011, and passively by the ‘Mückenatlas’ (mosquito atlas) citizen science project launched in 2012.To assess the performance of both monitoring methods we compared the two respective datasets with regard to habitat coverage, species composition and the ability to detect invasive mosquitoes. The datasets include observations from the beginning of the project until the end of 2017.We found significant differences in species composition caused by land use types and the participants’ recording activity. Active monitoring performed better in mapping mosquito diversity, whereas passive monitoring better detected invasive species, thereby using data from private premises scientists usually cannot access.Synthesis and applications. Active and passive monitoring is complementary. Combining them allows for the determination of mosquito diversity, efficient detection of emerging invasive species and the initiation of rapid‐response actions against such invaders. The ‘Mückenatlas’ sets an example for the usefulness of citizen science when included in a national monitoring programme, an approach that may be worth copying for tackling the global spread of arthropod vectors of disease agents.
Mismatched spatial scales can limit the utility of citizen science data for estimating wildlife‐habitat relationships
Authors: Bauder Javan M. , Cervantes Alyson M. , Avrin Alexandra C. , Whipple Laura S. , Farmer Morgan J. , Miller Craig A. , Benson Thomas J. , Stodola Kirk W. , Allen Maximilian L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhile most carnivore populations are declining worldwide, some species are successfully living in human‐modified landscapes. For example, coyotes (Canis latrans) have expanded their range across North America and into many urban areas making it important to understand factors influencing broad‐scale patterns of occurrence. We used citizen science data in the form of coyote observations by archery deer hunters from throughout the state of Illinois to evaluate factors affecting coyote detection and occupancy. Our statewide participant‐level occupancy estimate (0.63) was 58% greater than our naïve occupancy estimate (0.40) while detection probability was <0.25, highlighting the importance of using modeling frameworks that account for imperfect detection when modeling occupancy of cryptic species with low detection rates. Time period (AM/PM) had the largest effect on detection of coyotes, with detections greater in the AM. The number of hours hunted (analogous to effort) also impacted coyote detection, with more hours hunted increasing coyote detections. In contrast, none of the landscape covariates examined had strong effects on coyote occupancy. While coyote ubiquity and generalist habitat use may at least partially explain our results, we suspect it also is because the landscape covariates were measured at the county level, as more precise participant location data were unavailable, whereas participants effectively surveyed a much smaller area. Since scale affects the strength and direction of species‐habitat relationships, this scale mismatch is likely an important limitation when using many sources of citizen scientist observations to infer species‐habitat relationships for widespread generalist species when precise participant location data are unavailable.
Metabolic flexibility of SUP05 under low DO growth conditions
Authors: Mattes Timothy E. , Ingalls Anitra E. , Burke Susan , Morris Robert M. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryChemoautotrophic bacteria from the SUP05 clade often dominate anoxic waters within marine oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) where they use energy gained from the oxidation of reduced sulfur to fuel carbon fixation. Some of these SUP05 bacteria are facultative aerobes that can use either nitrate or oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor making them ideally suited to thrive at the boundaries of OMZs where they experience fluctuations in dissolved oxygen (DO). SUP05 metabolism in these regions, and therefore the biogeochemical function of SUP05, depends largely on their sensitivity to oxygen. We evaluated growth and quantified differences in gene expression in Ca. T. autotrophicus strain EF1 from the SUP05 clade under high DO (22 μM), anoxic, and low DO (3.8 μM) concentrations. We show that strain EF1 cells respire oxygen and nitrate and that cells have higher growth rates, express more genes, and fix more carbon when oxygen becomes available for aerobic respiration. Evidence that facultatively aerobic SUP05 are more active and respire nitrate when oxygen becomes available at low concentrations suggests that they are an important source of nitrite across marine OMZ boundary layers.
The impact of the endophytic bacterial community on mulberry tree growth in the Three Gorges Reservoir ecosystem, China
Authors: Xie Jie , Xu Weifang , Zhang Meng , Qiu Changyu , Liu Jia , Wisniewski Michael , Ou Ting , Zhou Zeyang , Xiang Zhonghuai 
Published: September 2020

SummaryPlant‐associated microbes influence plant performance and may also impact biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. The microbiome of mulberry trees planted for ecological restoration in the hydro‐fluctuation belt of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China, exhibited distinct patterns of localization. The endosphere exhibited lower α‐diversity relative to the rhizosphere, but was more closely related to host growth status, especially in stem tissues. Pantoea was the predominant bacterial genus inhabiting the stems of two well‐growing plants, while sequences identified as Pseudomonas and Pantoea were abundant in poorly growing plants. The complexity of the endophytic community was more connected to growth status in well‐growing plants than it was in poorly growing plants. Among 151 endophytes cultured from collected samples of mulberry, 64 exhibited plant growth‐promoting (PGP) potential in vitro and the majority of beneficial taxa were harvested from well‐growing plants. Collectively, the present study indicates that the recruitment of beneficial endophytes may contribute to mulberry fitness under abiotic stress, and it provides a foundation for the development of a new strategy in vegetation restoration.
Digital systemic practices in Europe: a survey before the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Borcsa Maria , Pomini Valeria , Saint‐Mont Uwe 
Published: September 2020

Knowledge regarding digital practices in the field of systemic therapy is poor. A few surveys have been conducted in non‐European countries investigating the provision of digitally based therapy, counselling, training, and supervision by systemic family and couple therapists (SCFTs). Thus, a survey aiming to investigate the use of information and communication technology (ICT) among European SCFTs was launched in 2017. A sample of 220 SCFTs was included in the survey. The majority were residents in Greece, France and Italy. Descriptive analysis compared SCFTs’ digital practices and concerns from the above three countries with those from the rest of Europe. Results showed that 81.4 per cent of European SCFTs used ICT for clinical purposes and 47.7 per cent in training and supervision. Main concerns among European SCFTs related to the quality of therapeutic relationship, ethical and legal issues, and a lack of national and transnational regulation.Practitioner points

ICT use and e‐therapy increase access to mental health services and maintain therapeutic contact

Systemic individual therapy, supervision and training are workable online settings

Legislation regulating ICT use in therapy, supervision and training (e.g. General Data Protection Regulation) has to be respected

Training and continuous education in online practices enhance therapists’ and clients’ options, and ensure digital safeness and effective treatment
External validation of models to predict the outcome of pregnancies of unknown location: a multicentre cohort study
Authors: Christodoulou E , Bobdiwala S , Kyriacou C , Farren J , Mitchell‐Jones N , Ayim F , Chohan B , Abughazza O , Guruwadahyarhalli B , Al‐Memar M , Guha S , Vathanan V , Gould D , Stalder C , Wynants L , Timmerman D , Bourne T , Van Calster B 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo validate externally five approaches to predict ectopic pregnancy (EP) in pregnancies of unknown location (PUL): the M6P and M6NP risk models, the two‐step triage strategy (2ST, which incorporates M6P), the M4 risk model, and beta human chorionic gonadotropin ratio cut‐offs (BhCG‐RC).DesignSecondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.SettingEight UK early pregnancy assessment units.PopulationWomen presenting with a PUL and BhCG >25 IU/l.MethodsWomen were managed using the 2ST protocol: PUL were classified as low risk of EP if presenting progesterone ≤2 nmol/l; the remaining cases returned 2 days later for triage based on M6P. EP risk ≥5% was used to classify PUL as high risk. Missing values were imputed, and predictions for the five approaches were calculated post hoc. We meta‐analysed centre‐specific results.Main outcome measuresDiscrimination, calibration and clinical utility (decision curve analysis) for predicting EP.ResultsOf 2899 eligible women, the primary analysis excluded 297 (10%) women who were lost to follow up. The area under the ROC curve for EP was 0.89 (95% CI 0.86–0.91) for M6P, 0.88 (0.86–0.90) for 2ST, 0.86 (0.83–0.88) for M6NP and 0.82 (0.78–0.85) for M4. Sensitivities for EP were 96% (M6P), 94% (2ST), 92% (N6NP), 80% (M4) and 58% (BhCG‐RC); false‐positive rates were 35%, 33%, 39%, 24% and 13%. M6P and 2ST had the best clinical utility and good overall calibration, with modest variability between centres.Conclusions2ST and M6P performed best for prediction and triage in PUL.Tweetable abstractThe M6 model, as part of a two‐step triage strategy, is the best approach to characterise and triage PULs.