bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fall risk factors for individuals under the age of 65 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Swink Laura A , Schmid Arlene A , Atler Karen E , Klinedinst Tara C , Marchant Tasha P , Marchant David R , Malcolm Matthew P 
Published: October 2019

Introduction The purpose of this study was to examine self-reported falls and fall risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged under 65 years. Methods This study was a cross-sectional analysis of 64 participants at a primary care facility in the western United States of America. The following fall risk factors were examined for differences between groups (fallers vs. non-fallers): age, body mass index, depression, fear of falling, neuropathy, number of medications, sedentary behavior, and visual co-morbidities. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine relationships with self-reported falls (yes/no recent fall as defined by the participant). Results Forty-five percent of participants reported a recent fall. The following fall risk factors produced significant differences between fallers and non-fallers: depression scores ( p = .01), fear of falling ( p < .01), and number of medications currently being taken ( p = .04). Through multivariate logistic regression, the fear of falling score ( p < .01) was the only significant relationship with self-reported falls in the model that included age, body mass index, depression, fear of falling, neuropathy, number of medications, sedentary behavior, and visual co-morbidities. Conclusion Psychological fall risk factors such as fear of falling are factors that should be considered early on in a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus because they may have an effect on falls, as evidenced in this sample of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged under 65 years.
Environmental factors and daily functioning levels among adolescents with executive function deficits
Authors: Fogel Yael , Rosenblum Sara , Josman Naomi 
Published: October 2019

Introduction This study examines parents’ perceptions of environmental factors in home, school and community settings on daily functioning of adolescents with executive function deficits. The aim was to map environmental supports and barriers and identify factors that predict functioning. Method Parents of 81 adolescents (10–14 years) completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY) part B and Child Evaluation Checklist (CHECK). We used the BRIEF scores to form a group of adolescents with executive function deficits ( n = 41) and a matched group with typical development ( n = 40). Correlation and discriminate analyses compared environmental factors across groups (PEM-CY) and identified those that predict daily functioning (CHECK). Results Compared to parents of adolescents with typical development, parents of adolescents with executive function deficits reported significantly more environmental barriers than supports (PEM-CY). School and community social demands of activity predicted the adolescents’ current daily functioning (CHECK). Conclusion Cognitive and social demands of activities appear to be common factors that limit functioning of adolescents with executive function deficits in home, school and community environments. The PEM-CY part B can promote awareness of the main support and barrier factors and help focus goals for efficient intervention programmes for these adolescents.
Boredom in inpatient mental healthcare settings: a scoping review
Authors: Marshall Carrie Anne , McIntosh Emma , Sohrabi Almas , Amir Adam 
Published: October 2019

Introduction To identify the scope of existing literature exploring boredom experienced by those using inpatient mental health services, we conducted a scoping review. Method We performed a comprehensive literature search of four databases: Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO. This search resulted in 978 titles and abstracts, which were reviewed by two independent raters. Results A total of 19 studies met the criteria for inclusion. Inter-rater reliability was assessed (k = 0.719 (95% confidence interval 0.500 to 0.938), P < 0.05 (full-text)), resulting in a ‘good’ strength of agreement according to the Practical Statistics for Medical Research. A content analysis resulted in the identification of four primary themes: (a) boredom as an acknowledged problem in inpatient mental health settings; (b) consequences of boredom; (c) models for addressing boredom through meaningful activity; and (d) the occupational therapy role in addressing state and trait boredom. Conclusion Occupational therapists play an important role in addressing the boredom experienced by those receiving treatment for mental illness in hospital settings. Further empirical evidence is needed to develop a better understanding of the influence of boredom on inpatient service users’ mental health, and additional models need to be developed to address this persistent problem.
Making connections between school and home: Exploring therapists’ perceptions of their relationships with families in partnering for change
Authors: Kennedy Jennifer N , Missiuna Cheryl A , Pollock Nancy A , Sahagian Whalen Sandra , Dix Leah , Campbell Wenonah N 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionA recently developed service delivery model, called Partnering for Change, encourages collaboration between occupational therapists, educators and families, and aims to improve children’s participation across school, home and community settings. Partnering for Change has been successful in facilitating equitable access to services and eliminating wait lists; however, it could have a more significant impact through improved capacity-building with families. The purpose of this study is to describe the factors that therapists view as influencing the development of family–therapist relationships in Partnering for Change, and to explore their ideas to improve relationship-building.MethodsFocus groups were completed with 15 occupational therapists who provided Partnering for Change school-based services. Qualitative description methodology and directed content analysis were utilized.ResultsSeveral factors were identified that influenced the development of family–therapist relationships including competing demands; consistency and availability; awareness, readiness and commitment; relationships with schools and educators; and sociodemographic characteristics. Increasing in-person interactions and awareness of occupational therapy services were suggested to improve relationship-building.ConclusionsTherapists should consider innovative ways of overcoming competing demands, utilizing relationships with schools and educators, and participating in mentorship and communities of practice to address the current barriers of family–therapist relationships, and create better opportunities for collaboration.
Appropriateness of using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for primary prophylaxis of febrile neutropenia in solid tumors
Authors: Laali Elahe , Fazli Jinous , Sadighi Sanambar , Mohammadi Mehdi , Gholami Kheirollah , Jahangard-Rafsanjani Zahra 
Published: October 2019

Introduction Febrile neutropenia (FN) is one of the dose-limiting adverse effects of chemotherapy. Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factors (G-CSFs) minimize the incidence of FN and reduce the risk of neutropenia complications. This study was conducted to address the prescription pattern of G-CSF for primary prophylaxis of FN during the first cycle of chemotherapy in solid tumors. Method This prospective observational study was done to investigate the G-CSF prescription pattern in patients receiving the first cycle of chemotherapy for solid tumors and compare it with the NCCN guideline recommendations. Result Based on the guideline, prophylactic G-CSF administration was indicated in 26 of the 96 patients (27.1%) and all of them received G-CSF. On the other hand, 70 patients (72.9%) did not meet the guideline criteria for prophylaxis, but 60 (62.5%) of them received G-CSF. Seven doses of pegfilgrastim and 165 doses of filgrastim were used inappropriately in the study population, which was associated with an economic burden of about 224.7 million IRR (5350 USD). Conclusion Taken together, inconsistencies with the guideline were observed in this prospective evaluation, suggesting that submitting rationalized policies to decrease G-CSF prescription, especially in patients with a lower or intermediate FN risk, yields substantial cost savings.
PTPN2 improves implant osseointegration in T2DM via inducing the dephosphorylation of ERK
Authors: Wang Ya-Nan , Jia Tingting , Zhang Jiajia , Lan Jing , Zhang Dongjiao , Xu Xin 
Published: October 2019

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered to compromise implant osseointegration. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) regulates glucose metabolism, systemic inflammation, and bone regeneration. This study aimed to investigate the role of PTPN2 in implant osseointegration in T2DM and explore the potential mechanisms. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats received implant surgery, with or without local overexpression of PTPN2 for three months, and implant osseointegration was examined by histological evaluation, micro-CT analysis, pull-out test, and scanning electron microscope. Rat bone marrow stem cells (RBMSCs) were isolated and exposed to high glucose, and osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by alizarin red staining, ALP assay, and Western blot analysis. Overexpression of PTPN2 could improve impaired implant osseointegration in T2DM rats and promote osteogenic differentiation of RBMSCs in high glucose. In addition, p-ERK level in RBMSCs was increased in high glucose and decreased after PTPN2 overexpression. These results suggest that PTPN2 promotes implant osseointegration in T2DM rats and enhances osteogenesis of RBMSCs in high glucose medium via inducing the dephosphorylation of ERK. PTPN2 may be a novel target for the therapy of impaired implant osseointegration in T2DM patients. Impact statement Using both in vivo and in vitro approaches, we made important findings that PTPN2 promoted implant osseointegration in T2DM rats and enhanced osteogenesis of RBMSCs in high glucose medium. The positive effects of PTPN2 on osteogenesis are related to the dephosphorylation of ERK and the inhibition of MAPK/ERK pathway. PTPN2 may be a novel target for the therapy of impaired implant osseointegration in T2DM patients.
Recurrence of angina after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: the role of coronary microvascular obstruction
Authors: Montone Rocco A , Vetrugno Vincenzo , Santacroce Giovanni , Del Buono Marco Giuseppe , Meucci Maria Chiara , Camilli Massimiliano , Galli Mattia , Leone Antonio M , D’Amario Domenico , Buffon Antonio , Aurigemma Cristina , Burzotta Francesco , Trani Carlo , Niccoli Giampaolo , Crea Filippo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The recurrence of angina after percutaneous coronary intervention affects 20–35% of patients with stable coronary artery disease; however, few data are available in the setting of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. We evaluated the relation between coronary microvascular obstruction and the recurrence of angina at follow-up.

Methods
We prospectively enrolled patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Microvascular obstruction was defined as thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow less than 3 or 3 with myocardial blush grade less than 2. The primary endpoint was the recurrence of angina at follow-up. Moreover, angina status was evaluated by the Seattle angina questionnaire summary score (SAQSS). Therapy at follow-up and the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events were also collected.

Results
We enrolled 200 patients. Microvascular obstruction occurred in 52 (26%) of them. Follow-up (mean time 25.17±9.28 months) was performed in all patients. Recurrent angina occurred in 31 (15.5%) patients, with a higher prevalence in patients with microvascular obstruction compared with patients without microvascular obstruction (13 (25.0%) vs. 18 (12.2%), P=0.008). Accordingly, SAQSS was lower and the need for two or more anti-anginal drugs was higher in patients with microvascular obstruction compared with patients without microvascular obstruction. At multiple linear regression analysis a history of previous acute coronary syndrome and the occurrence of microvascular obstruction were the only independent predictors of a worse SAQSS. Finally, the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events was higher in patients with microvascular obstruction compared with patients without microvascular obstruction.

Conclusions
The recurrence of angina in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention is an important clinical issue. The occurrence of microvascular obstruction portends a worse angina status and is associated with the use of more anti-anginal drugs.
A 3‐day low‐fibre diet does not improve colonoscopy preparation results compared to a 1‐day diet: A randomized, single‐blind, controlled trial
Authors: Taveira Filipe , Areia Miguel , Elvas Luís , Alves Susana , Brito Daniel , Saraiva Sandra , Cadime Ana T 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundAlthough a 1‐day low‐fibre diet before colonoscopy is currently recommended, some endoscopists prescribe a 3‐day diet.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare the influence of a 3‐day versus a 1‐day low‐fibre diet on bowel preparation quality, patient tolerability and adherence.MethodsOutpatients scheduled for total colonoscopy were randomized in two groups, 3‐day versus 1‐day low‐fibre diet, performing a 4‐litre polyethylene glycol split‐dose. The primary outcome was a reduction of inappropriate preparations in the 3‐day low‐fibre diet arm from 15% to 5% (bowel preparation was assessed by the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale). Secondary outcomes were adherence to, difficulty to perform, difficulty to obtain and willingness to repeat the diet. Intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and per‐protocol (PP) analyses were conducted for the primary outcome.ResultsA total of 412 patients were randomized (206 per group). Bowel preparation quality was similar between groups. On ITT analysis (n = 412), adequate bowel preparation was 91.7% (3‐day diet) versus 94.7% (1‐day diet), p = 0.24 and on PP analysis (n = 400) 93.5% versus 96.5%, respectively, p = 0.16. Difficulty to perform the diet was significantly higher on the 3‐day diet, p = 0.04. No differences were found on difficulty to obtain the diet, willingness to repeat the diet, adverse events and intra‐colonoscopy findings.ConclusionA 3‐day low‐fibre diet does not bring benefit to the bowel preparation quality and is harder to perform than a 1‐day diet.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy evidence for declining gliosis in MS patients treated with ocrelizumab versus interferon beta-1a
Authors: MacMillan Erin L , Schubert Julia J , Vavasour Irene M , Tam Roger , Rauscher Alexander , Taylor Carolyn , White Rick , Garren Hideki , Clayton David , Levesque Victoria , Li David KB , Kolind Shannon H , Traboulsee Anthony L 
Published: October 2019

Background Magnetic resonance spectroscopy quantitatively monitors biomarkers of neuron-myelin coupling (N-acetylaspartate (NAA)), and inflammation (total creatine (tCr), total choline (tCho), myo-inositol (mI)) in the brain. Objective This study aims to investigate how ocrelizumab and interferon beta-1a differentially affects imaging biomarkers of neuronal-myelin coupling and inflammation in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Forty patients with relapsing MS randomized to either treatment were scanned at 3T at baseline and weeks 24, 48, and 96 follow-up. Twenty-four healthy controls were scanned at weeks 0, 48, and 96. NAA, tCr, tCho, mI, and NAA/tCr were measured in a single large supra-ventricular voxel. Results There was a time × treatment interaction in NAA/tCr ( p = 0.04), primarily driven by opposing tCr trends between treatment groups after 48 weeks of treatment. Patients treated with ocrelizumab showed a possible decline in mI after week 48 week, and stable tCr and tCho levels. Conversely, the interferon beta-1a treated group showed possible increases in mI, tCr, and tCho over 96 weeks. Conclusions Results from this exploratory study suggest that over 2 years, ocrelizumab reduces gliosis compared with interferon beta-1a, demonstrated by declining ml, and stable tCr and tCho. Ocrelizumab may improve the physiologic milieu by decreasing neurotoxic factors that are generated by inflammatory processes.
Complications and imaging artifacts related to MRI in patients with intramedullary osteosynthesis after proximal femur fracture
Authors: Raven Tim Friedrich , Boxriker Sonja , Mammadov Javad , Petrov Kiril , Moghaddam Arash , Friedl Wilhelm 
Published: October 2019

Background: Fractures of the proximal femur is one of the most frequent human injuries, and most of the patients are treated with osteosynthesis, such as intramedullary nails. These patients often require magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in their further lives due to various reasons. This raises the question of whether complications with implanted osteosynthesis material such as implant loosening, burning, dislocation, or other complications are to be expected or whether an MRI examination is even suitable with regard to imaging artifacts. Methods: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the rate and type of complications after MRI examinations in patients with inserted intramedullary osteosynthesis device. Furthermore, artifacts in MRI caused by this device were assessed. Results: MRI scans of the head (20 of 62), spine (20 of 62), pelvis (10 of 62), and lower extremity (6/62) were performed. Three of the 62 patients received an MRI of the abdomen, and 2 of the 62 patients received an MRI of the thorax and the upper extremity. Of the 62 patients, noneexperienced complications during the immediate examination. Similarly, none of the patients showed early complications within the first 2 weeks after MRI. In our long-term follow-up examination, no long-term complication after MRI was observed in the recorded 15 patients. Artifacts were found in 14 patients: in MRI scans of the pelvis (10/10), of the abdomen (2/3), and of the lower extremity (2/6). Conclusion: There were no complications during the MRI scan, in the first 2 weeks after MRI, or in the recorded long-term results. MRI with an enclosed intramedullary nail provided good image quality unless the immediate implant site was imaged. MRI diagnosis is thus possible in patients with an inserted intramedullary nail. The inserted intramedullary nail should therefore not be an exclusion criterion when sectional imaging with MRI is required.
Bilateral Globe Penetration From Electromyography Electrode Placement for Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring
Authors: Bowen Randy C. , Possin Michael E. , Altaweel Michael M. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: This interventional case report discusses inadvertent bilateral temporal globe penetration during placement of intramuscular wire electrodes to the lateral rectus muscles for intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) via electromyography. Methods: An 11-year-old girl underwent surgical resection of massive medulloblastoma within the fourth ventricle, requiring IONM. Placement of an electrode in each lateral rectus muscle resulted in bilateral globe penetration, with choroidal rupture, retinal tears, and hemorrhage. Results: Sterile needle perforation of the globe did not result in endophthalmitis. Encircling laser retinopexy was performed, and no retinal detachments occurred. Conclusions: Insertion of needle electrodes without guidance imaging can potentially lead to globe penetration and incorrect electrode placement. Direct visualization with ultrasound, electromyography, or other advanced image-guided systems may offer a safe solution for electrode placement to avoid injury. Verbal patients should be made aware of postoperative warning signs of globe penetration. For nonverbal patients, a postoperative dilated exam is warranted.
Corporate Governance: Role of HR
Authors: Anand Ritu 
Published: October 2019

Corporate governance is one of the most important differentiators of business that is distilled from an organisation’s culture, its policies and ethics, especially of the people running the business, and the way it deals with various stakeholders. It represents the relationship among stakeholders that is used to determine and control the strategic direction and performance of organisations. This article establishes the role of corporate governance as an enabler and explores the scope—by protecting valuations of a company, determining industrial competitiveness or differentiating a good mergers and acquisitions deal from a bad one—rather than the barrier it has become today. The article emphasises the sustainability and effective implementation of governance practices through self-regulation and voluntary adoption of ethical code of business conduct, which will naturally ensure compliance with every statutory law and guideline. Considering that the workforce today is multigenerational in an age of hyper-globalisation, one of the key tasks is to garner respect, acceptability and adherence to code of conduct by each employee. It further elaborates on the relevant regulatory laws and rules framed by the government, which act as a broader framework for calibrating the company-level ethical compass. The role of human resources (HR) is to embed corporate governance in all aspects of the business. This article dwells on the fact that HR is responsible for not just formulating code of conduct and policies, but also getting them embedded in spirit within the DNA of every employee. It encompasses various organisational and strategic interventions such as employee communication, effective control systems structuring, corporate sustainability, senior management selection, development and succession planning, international presence, diversity and inclusion mindset, setting the culture, promoting a safe workplace, etc. With the Companies Act in 2013 paving the way for a shift in mindset from a regime of control to that of liberalisation and self-regulation—something that the corporates needed to compete globally—HR plays a crucial role of being the enablers of change and not just ‘personnel management’.
ClinGen Myeloid Malignancy Variant Curation Expert Panel recommendations for germline RUNX1 variants
Authors: Luo Xi , Feurstein Simone , Mohan Shruthi , Porter Christopher C. , Jackson Sarah A. , Keel Sioban , Chicka Michael , Brown Anna L. , Kesserwan Chimene , Agarwal Anupriya , Luo Minjie , Li Zejuan , Ross Justyne E. , Baliakas Panagiotis , Pineda-Alvarez Daniel , DiNardo Courtney D. , Bertuch Alison A. , Mehta Nikita , Vulliamy Tom , Wang Ying , Nichols Kim E. , Malcovati Luca , Walsh Michael F. , Rawlings Lesley H. , McWeeney Shannon K. , Soulier Jean , Raimbault Anna , Routbort Mark J. , Zhang Liying , Ryan Gabriella , Speck Nancy A. , Plon Sharon E. , Wu David , Godley Lucy A. 
Published: October 2019

Key Points
The ClinGen MM-VCEP has specified RUNX1-specific curation rules to address gene function, gene-specific domains, and phenotypic criteria. RUNX1-specific criteria resulted in a reduction in CONF and VUS variants by 33%, emphasizing the need for expert variant curation.