bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating rock physics laboratory data and modelling to improve uplift characterization methodology
Authors: Torset Sondre , Holt Rune M. , Duffaut Kenneth 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTModelling changes in elastic wave velocities in sediments and rocks as they undergo burial and uplift can reveal aspects of their burial history. This has implications in the petroleum risking procedures, as aspects such as hydrocarbon maturation and reservoir quality are key ingredients. Previous modelling for such a purpose assumes constant velocity and porosity during uplift after the cessation of cementation. Laboratory data of a synthetic sandstone formed under stress, and subjected to loading and unloading cycles are used to test this assumption. The experimental P‐wave velocities show a clear increase in stress dependence during the uplift simulation. Besides, the P‐wave anisotropy transforms from negative to positive. These observations are combined to make an updated modelling workflow to mimic the experimental results better. The modelling is conducted in different phases. Loading before cementation is modelled using a triaxial granular medium theory. For the laboratory data, a novel anisotropic formulation of the patchy cement model captures the observed trends. A modified crack model incorporates the stress sensitivity seen during the unloading that simulates uplift. The results of the integrated rock physics workflow mimic the laboratory data very well. A conceptual field example using the rock physics workflow illustrates how the exclusion of the stress dependence during uplift can lead to an underestimation of the exhumation magnitude.
Offset dependence of overburden time‐shifts from ultrasonic data
Authors: Bakk Audun , Holt Rune M. , Bauer Andreas , Dupuy Bastien , Romdhane Anouar 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTDepletion or injection into a reservoir implies stress changes and strains in the reservoir and its surroundings. This may lead to measurable time‐shifts for seismic waves propagating in the subsurface. To better understand the offset dependence of time‐shifts in the overburden, we have systematically quantified the time‐shifts of three different overburden shales in controlled laboratory tests. These experiments may be viewed as an analogue to the time‐shifts recorded from seismic field surveys. For a range of different stress paths, defined as the ratio between the horizontal and the vertical stress changes, the changes of the P‐wave velocities in different directions were measured such that the offset dependence of time‐shifts for different stress paths could be studied. The time‐shifts are stress path dependent, which is particularly pronounced at large offsets. For all stress paths, the time‐shifts exhibit a linearly decreasing trend with increasing offset, that is, a negative offset gradient. At zero offset, for which the ray path is normal to the bedding, the time‐shifts are similar for all investigated stress paths. The isotropic stress path is associated with the smallest offset gradient of the time‐shifts. In contrast, the constant‐mean‐stress path shows the largest gradient with a flip in the polarity of the time‐shifts for the largest offsets. The separate contributions from the strain and velocity changes to the time‐shifts were also quantified. The time‐shifts for the isotropic stress path are dominated by the contribution from velocity changes at all offsets. In contrast, the strain contributes significantly to the time‐shifts at small offsets for the constant‐mean‐stress path. This shows that the offset dependence in pre‐stack seismic data may be a key to understand the changes of subsurface stresses, pore pressure and strain upon depletion or injection. To utilize this knowledge from laboratory experiments, calibrated rock physics models and correlations are needed to constrain the seismic time‐shifts and to obtain an adequately updated geological model reflecting the true anisotropic nature of the subsurface. This may have important implications for improved recovery and safety, particularly in mature fields.
Multi‐site study exploring the experiences of security staff responding to mental health, drug health and behavioural challenges in the emergency department
Authors: Wand Timothy , Bell Nerida , Stack Amanda , Collett Gemma , Cutten Alexa , Murphy Margaret , White Kathryn 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis multi‐site study aimed to give voice to the views and experiences of security staff in assisting with the response to the growing number of people with mental health, drug health and behavioural problems attending EDs.MethodsExplorative qualitative research design, using semi‐structured interviews were conducted with security staff (n = 26) working in three different emergency settings across New South Wales, Australia. The data were analysed thematically.ResultsParticipants recognised that long waiting times in the ED ‘guarding’ patients frequently accounted for escalating behaviour and increased the likelihood of restrictive interventions. Security staff expressed concerns about safety and were uncomfortable with a sense of uncertainty regarding their legal position. They voiced frustration over limited communication and lack of information provided by clinical staff on patient background, and the coordination of incidents and ongoing patient care. There was a perception that security staff are not treated with respect and their input was not valued.ConclusionExpecting non‐clinicians to undertake a clinical role (often under stressful circumstances involving close patient contact) places security staff and patients in a precarious position. Greater clarity regarding the role of security staff and information that allows them to adequately and safely undertake their work is required. If security staff are expected to participate in patient care then access to relevant information and the ability to document their activities and patient interactions should be provided. The vital support role that security staff perform needs to be valued and respected.
Super high‐flux hemodialysis provides comparable effectiveness with high‐volume postdilution online hemodiafiltration in removing protein‐bound and middle‐molecule uremic toxins: A prospective cross‐over randomized controlled trial
Authors: Thammathiwat Theerachai , Tiranathanagul Khajohn , Limjariyakul Maneerut , Chariyavilaskul Pajaree , Takkavatakarn Kullaya , Susantitaphong Paweena , Meesangnin Srichan , Wittayalertpanya Supeecha , Praditpornsilpa Kearkiat , Eiam‐Ong Somchai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough high‐volume postdilution online hemodiafiltration (ol‐HDF) is superior to high‐flux HD in removing all kinds of uremic toxins and improving survival, this treatment is not available in most HD centers. The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness in removals of protein‐bound (indoxyl sulfate [IS]), middle‐molecule [beta‐2 microglobulin (B2M) and alpha‐1 microglobulin (A1MG)], and small‐molecule uremic toxins between super high‐flux HD (SHF‐HD), HD with a novel SHF dialyzer and high‐volume postdilution ol‐HDF in a noninferiority fashion. Fifteen prevalent HD patients were randomly allocated into two sequences of 12‐week treatment periods of SHF‐HD treatment and later high‐volume postdilution ol‐HDF period or vice versa. Each treatment period was divided by a wash‐out phase of 4‐week high‐flux HD. Twelve of 15 patients could complete the study. When compared with high‐volume postdilution ol‐HDF (convective volume of 24.4 ± 3.52 L), SHF‐HD provided comparable reduction ratio values of IS, B2M, and A1MG with mean difference of 5.87 (95% confidence interval [CI] ‐1.63, 13.37), 1.98 (95% CI,‐0.21, 4.18), and 22.96 (95% CI, ‐1.91, 47.83), respectively. The spKt/Vurea was not different. The predialysis levels of all uremic toxins at baseline and after 12‐week treatment did not differ between both groups. Although albumin loss in dialysate in SHF‐HD was greater than high‐volume postdilution ol‐HDF, the serum albumin levels after 12‐week SHF‐HD treatment were significantly higher than baseline. In conclusion, SHF‐HD provides noninferior effectiveness to high‐volume postdilution ol‐HDF in removing various uremic toxins with significantly increased serum albumin levels despite higher albumin loss. SHF‐HD might be an effectively alternative treatment when high‐volume postdilution ol‐HDF is not available.
Management of lower limb fractures in patients with spinal cord injuries
Authors: Koong Denis P. , Symes Michael J. , Sefton Andrew K. , Sivakumar Brahman S. , Ellis Andrew 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundLow‐energy fractures of the lower limb in patients post spinal cord injury (SCI) present significant management challenges. This is the first Australian study to review the experience from a tertiary referral SCI centre and aims to identify trends and suggest therapeutic options.MethodsRetrospective review over a 5‐year period in patients with SCI treated for a lower limb fragility fracture. Patient demographics, spinal injury severity scores, fracture characteristics and treatment were assessed. Time to union, length of stay and treatment‐related complications were also examined.ResultsA total of 38 SCI patients with 42 lower extremity fractures met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 55.7 years and mean duration post‐SCI at fracture was 22.5 ± 12.7 years. The femur (73.8%) was more commonly fractured than the lower leg (26.2%), with extra‐articular distal femoral fractures most prevalent (35.7%). A total of 25 (60%) fractures were managed operatively, and 17 (40%) non‐operatively. The majority of femoral fractures were managed with intramedullary nailing. Tibial fractures were more commonly managed non‐operatively. Eight cases (19.1%) experienced complications, with a significant difference between frequency of complications in non‐operative (35.3%) and operative (8.0%) groups; P = 0.045. All fractures united except one; time to union was shorter in patients treated surgically (13.6 ± 6.4 weeks) compared to those managed non‐operatively (19.1 ± 8.1 weeks).ConclusionsLower limb fragility fractures in patients with SCI can be managed successfully via either operative or non‐operative measures. In this series, fewer complications and shorter time to union were found in patients managed operatively.
Interaction between tacrolimus, MELD score and acute kidney injury after liver transplantation. Analysis on a large contemporary bicenter meld‐era series
Authors: Ciria Rubén , Gómez‐Luque Irene , Cortés Miriam , Khorsandi Shirin E. , Ayllón Maria D. , Rodríguez‐Perálvarez Manuel , López‐Cillero Pedro , De La Mata Manuel , O'Grady John , Heaton Nigel , Briceño Javier 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) after liver transplantation (LT) is a common problem with complex management. The aims were to analyze the profile of AKI‐RIFLE categories in the post‐transplant setting of a wide multicentre cohort of patients in the MELD era and to specifically determine the effect of tacrolimus‐based (TACRO) immunosuppressive regimes on the development of AKI.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 550 (2007‐2012) consecutive patients transplanted at Reina Sofia, Cordoba, and King's College Hospital, London, was performed. Inclusion criterion was to have CNI as part of initial immunosuppression immediately after LT.ResultsAfter exclusion criteria, a total of 477 patients were analyzed. Incidence of AKI within the first 2 weeks after LT was 65.8% (AKI‐Risk), 41.3% (AKI‐Injury), and 12.3% (AKI‐Failure). The development of any type of AKI had no impact on short‐ and/or long‐term survival up to 3 years after the transplant. Moreover, AKI was almost universal in the early post‐transplant period and TACRO trough concentrations during the first 2 weeks after the transplant were not predictors of AKI in none of its categories in the multivariate analyses.ConclusionsLow‐TACRO‐based regimes were not as useful as expected in the prevention of AKI when analyzed in the context of a large contemporary LT series.
Islet autotransplantation improves glycemic control in patients undergoing elective distal pancreatectomy for benign inflammatory disease
Authors: Siegel Matthew , Barlowe Trevor , Smith Kerrington D. , Chaidarun Sushela S. , LaBarre Nicolas , Joseph Elmunzer Badih , Morgan Katherine A. , Gardner Timothy B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIslet autotransplantation (IAT) is increasingly being performed to mitigate against the diabetic complications of pancreatic resection in patients with benign inflammatory pancreatic disorders; however, the glycemic benefit of IAT in patients undergoing partial pancreatic resection is not known. We aimed to determine whether IAT improved glycemic outcomes in patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy for benign inflammatory disease. We performed a multicenter, retrospective case‐control study of patients who underwent distal pancreatic resection with IAT at two U S tertiary care centers. The primary outcome was the mean change in pre‐ vs post‐operative HgA1c following transplant as well as the development of new post‐operative diabetes. Nine patients requiring distal pancreatectomy for benign disease underwent IAT and were compared to 13 historical controls without IAT. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. With a median follow‐up of 22 months, those who received an IAT had a smaller increase in their pre‐ vs post‐operative HgA1c (0.42 vs 2.83, P = .004), and one case patient (14.3%) vs three control patients (23.1%) developed new post‐operative diabetes (P = .581). We conclude that patients undergoing distal pancreatic resection for benign inflammatory disease should be considered for IAT, as long‐term glycemic outcomes appear to be improved in those undergoing transplant.
Requirements to participate in haemophilia clinical trials
Authors: Mahlangu Johnny N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionClinical trials in haemophilia product development are expanding rapidly however, the number of sites and expertise in the clinical trial conduct is limited. Guidance on the requirement for conducting clinical trials is requiredAimThe aim of this paper is to outline generic requirements to participate in clinical trials in haemophiliaMaterialsThis paper describes three elements which are the requirements for success conduct of haemophilia clinical trials. These are the study product, study participant, and the global regulatory and ethics frameworkResults and conclusionIn haemophilia clinical trials, requirements for participate in studies are many and include considerations of study product, study participant and ethical and regulatory framework. When these elements are in place, it is possible to conduct haemophilia clinical trials anywhere in the world.
Heavy menstrual bleeding in women with inherited bleeding disorders
Authors: Djambas Khayat Claudia , Gouider Emna , von Mackensen Sylvia , Abdul Kadir Rezan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHeavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is the commonest bleeding symptom among women with inherited bleeding disorders (IBD). Since HMB starts at the very onset of menarche and continues throughout the reproductive life, the health related quality of life of these women is affected and they are at an increased risk of developing iron‐deficiency anemia. Because of the entrenched stigma and taboos, women and girls are often reluctant to discuss the problem of HMB within their families and do not seek medical advice. Increased awareness and multidisciplinary management approach for the management of these women are essential in ensuring an optimal outcome. It is important to take a careful history and undertake a thorough gynecological assessment to exclude other underlying/concomitant causes of HMB. Iron supplementation is essential. Strategies for decreasing menstrual blood flow are similar to those used for HMB in general with the addition of desmopressin and replacement therapy and the exclusion of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Tranexamic acid and/or hormonal intervention are usually recommended as first‐line therapy. Treatment choice should be individualized taking into account whether the woman wishes to preserve her fertility, if she requires contraception, the type of IBD, the severity of bleeding, and her social and religious background as well as acceptability and availability of the treatment options.
Publishing in the Haemophilia Journal: Opportunities and challenges for developing countries
Authors: Hermans Cedric 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBetter access to haemophilia treatment and care is currently changing the life of a great many patients with haemophilia or other inherited bleeding diseases in numerous developing countries. These changes are encouraging while stimulating local research initiatives and projects that deserve to be communicated through scientific publications. This paper addresses several opportunities and challenges, providing guidance to scientists, clinicians, researchers and health professionals from developing countries who are actively involved in multidisciplinary haemophilia care, while wishing to publish their reports in Haemophilia, the official, global, multidisciplinary journal of the World Federation of Haemophilia (WFH), the European Haemophilia and Allied Disorders (EAHAD) organization and the Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research Society (HTRS) of North America, focusing on inherited bleeding diseases. Several strategies and pathways designed to encourage, help and support successful publications from developing countries are herein discussed.
Scheduling of network tasks to minimize the consumed energy
Authors: Belter Bartosz , Mika Marek , Węglarz Jan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the problem of scheduling network tasks that have to be performed in a given computer network. Each network task consists of the transmission of data files between two nodes of the network and has to be performed in an a priori known time window in such a way that the energy consumed by the network equipment during the transmission of all the considered tasks is minimized. The entire mathematical model of this scheduling problem is proposed. Some results of computational experiments are also presented to show energy savings achieved through implementation of the proposed model in the interdata center network.
Masked and white coat hypertension, the double trouble of large arteries: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Antza Christina , Vazakidis Polychronis , Doundoulakis Ioannis , Bouras Emmanouil , Haidich Anna‐Bettina , Stabouli Stella , Kotsis Vasilios 
Published: May 2020

AbstractArterial damage of large arteries, addressed as c‐f PWV, is recognized as independent predictor for future cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the association of the four hypertension phenotypes with carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (c‐f PWV), in untreated patients. PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched to identify studies comparing c‐f PWV levels between normotensives, sustained hypertensives, white‐coat hypertensives (WCH), and masked hypertensives (MH). Meta‐analysis was performed to compare the difference c‐f PWV levels between these groups. Newcastle‐Ottawa quality assessment scale for cross‐sectional studies was used to assess study quality. MH and WCH patients had significantly increased c‐f PWV values compared to the normotensive groups (d = 0.96 m/s, 95% CI: 0.49‐1.42; I2 = 85%, P < .01 for MH and d = 0.85 m/s, 95% CI: 0.48‐1.22; I2 = 89%, for WCH). Moreover, the sustained hypertensive population was found to have significantly increased values of c‐f PWV compared to MH (d = −0.70 m/s, 95% CI: −0.87 to −0.54; I2 = 12%, P = .33) but not compared to WCH population (d = −0.75 m/s, 95% CI: −1.52‐0.02; I2 = 96%,). Finally, there was no significant difference between MH and WCH population (d = 0.06 m/s, 95% CI: −1.04 to 1.15; I2 = 96%,). MH and WCH population may have increased values of c‐f PWV compared to the normotensive group. These results demonstrate that these phenotypes are not clinically innocent, in the untreated population.
Safflower yellow improves insulin sensitivity in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice by promoting peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ2 expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue
Authors: Yan Kemin , Wang Xiangqing , Zhu Huijuan , Pan Hui , Wang Linjie , Yang Hongbo , Liu Meijuan , Jin Ming , Zang Baoxia , Gong Fengying 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionSafflower yellow (SY) and its main component, hydroxysafflor yellow A, have been demonstrated to show anti‐obesity effects. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ2 (PPARγ2) is a critical transcription factor in adipose tissue metabolism. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of SY in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice, and further investigate the mechanism involving PPARγ2.MethodsHigh‐fat diet‐induced obese mice were given 120 mg/kg/day SY for 8 weeks. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were carried out. Fat mass and serum levels of glucose and insulin were measured. The expression of insulin signaling pathway‐related genes and PPARγ2 in the adipose tissue was measured. In vitro, the effects of SY (0–500 mg/L) and hydroxysafflor yellow A (0–100 mg/L) on PPARγ2 promoter activities and PPARγ2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes or adipocytes were also detected.ResultsSafflower yellow reduced fat mass, decreased glucose levels and improved insulin sensitivity in obese mice. SY also increased the mRNA levels of insulin signaling pathway‐related genes, and increased PPARγ2 mRNA levels by 39.1% in subcutaneous adipose tissue (P < 0.05). In vitro, SY and hydroxysafflor yellow A significantly enhanced PPARγ2 promoter activities by 1.3–2.1‐fold, and increased PPARγ2 mRNA levels by 1.2–1.6‐fold in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes or adipocytes (P < 0.05).ConclusionsSY could reduce fat mass, decrease glucose levels and improve insulin sensitivity in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice. The probable mechanism is to increase PPARγ2 expression by stimulating PPARγ2 promoter activities, further increasing the expression of insulin signaling pathway‐related genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue.