bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Granadaene Photobleaching Reduces the Virulence and Increases Antimicrobial Susceptibility ofStreptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Jusuf Sebastian , Dong Pu-Ting , Hui Jie , Ulloa Erlinda R. , Liu George Y. , Cheng Ji-Xin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStreptococcus agalactiae, also known as Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is increasingly recognized as a major cause of soft tissue and invasive diseases in the elderly and diabetic populations. Antibiotics like penicillin are used with great frequency to treat these infections, although antimicrobial resistance is increasing among GBS strains and underlines a need for alternative methods not reliant on traditional antibiotics. GBS hemolysin/cytolysin and granadaene pigment are two major linked virulence factors that contribute to GBS pathogenicity. Here we show that photobleaching of the antioxidant granadaene renders the pathogen more susceptible to killing by mouse macrophages and to hydrogen peroxide killing. Photo-treatment also leads to loss of activity of the linked hemolysin/cytolysin although photobleaching disproportionally affected the activity of the two factors. Treatment with light also affected GBS membrane permeability and contribute to increased susceptibility to the cell membrane active antibiotic daptomycin and to penicillin. Overall our study demonstrates a dual effect of photobleaching on the virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility of GBS and suggests a novel approach for the treatment of GBS infection. Our findings further provide new insight on the relationship between GBS hemolysin and the granadaene pigment.ImportanceFor elderly individuals or those with chronic underlying conditions (such as diabetes), skin infections caused byStreptococcus agalactiaerepresent a significant risk for the development of invasive disease.S. agalactiaestrains are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics. By utilizing blue light to neutralize the granadaene pigment present inS. agalactiae, this paper presents a non-invasive and non-antibiotic reliant process capable of reducing GBS virulence while increasing the antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacterium. The differential effect of blue light on the linked GBS hemolysin/cytolysin and granadene pigment further provides new insight on the relationship between the two virulence factors. Overall photo-treatment represents a novel strategy for the treatment ofS. agalactiaeinfections.
Genetic program activity delineates risk, relapse, and therapy responsiveness in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Wall Matthew A. , Turkarslan Serdar , Wu Wei-Ju , Danziger Samuel A. , Reiss David J. , Mason Mike J. , Dervan Andrew P. , Trotter Matthew W.B. , Bassett Douglas , Hershberg Robert M. , de Lomana Adrián López García , Ratushny Alexander V. , Baliga Nitin S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite recent advancements in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), nearly all patients ultimately relapse and many become refractory to their previous therapies. Although many therapies exist with diverse mechanisms of action, it is not yet clear how the differences in MM biology across patients impacts the likelihood of success for existing therapies and those in the pipeline. Therefore, we not only need the ability to predict which patients are at high risk for disease progression, but also a means to understand the mechanisms underlying their risk. We hypothesized that knowledge of the biological networks that give rise to MM, specifically the transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) and the mechanisms by which mutations impact gene regulation, would enable improved predictions of disease progression and actionable insights for treatment. Here we present a method to infer TRNs from multi-omics data and apply it to the generation of a MM TRN that links chromosomal abnormalities and somatic mutations to downstream effects on gene expression via perturbation of transcriptional regulators. We find that 141 genetic programs underlie the disease and that the activity profile of these programs fall into one of 25 distinct transcriptional states. These transcriptional signatures prove to be more predictive of outcomes than do mutations and reveal plausible mechanisms for relapse, including the establishment of an immuno-suppressive microenvironment. Moreover, we observe subtype-specific vulnerabilities to interventions with existing drugs and motivate the development of new targeted therapies that appear especially promising for relapsed refractory MM.
Mechanism and quantitative evaluation model of slip-induced loosening for bolted joints
Authors: Sun Qingchao , Lin Qingyuan , Yang Bin , Zhang Xianlian , Wang Lintao 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
Bolted joints are the most common type of mechanical connections, and improving the anti-loosening performance of bolts for the reliable performance of mechanical and building structures is highly significant.

Design/methodology/approach
Because of the lack of sufficient theoretical basis for the evaluation and design of anti-loosening bolts, a quantitative evaluation model exhibiting the following two evaluation criteria for anti-loosening bolts is introduced: bolt rotation angular acceleration criterion and critical transverse load criterion. Based on the relationship among bolt tension, transverse load and bolt rotation angular acceleration, a critical transverse load calculation model is put forward, and the mechanism by which the critical transverse load increases with the increase of bolt tension is revealed.

Findings
Based on the above model, a new type of anti-loosening bolt is designed, which generates additional bolt tension when the transverse load increases, and then improves the critical transverse load of the bolt. The effectiveness of the new type of anti-loosening bolt is verified by theoretical calculations and experiments.

Originality/value
The proposed model and method set a preliminary theoretical foundation for the evaluation of bolt anti-loosening performance and the design of a new anti-loosening bolt.
Unfurling the cultural value of street art experiences
Authors: Green Amelia , Gray Steffen 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to begin unfurling the cultural value of street art experiences by opening up an audience-centred research stream sensitive to the nuances of this art form.Design/methodology/approachThe paper develops a two-part model through which to investigate how everyday citizens experience street art. The methodology involves a purposeful literature review, and direct assessment of how the nuances of street art could pertain to audience experiences.FindingsThe first part of the model conceptualises the characteristics that distinguish contemporary street art from other art forms. To help further guide future research, the second part distinguishes six layers that frame street art audience experiences: (1) “the art”, (2) artist's intentions for the art, (3) the street artist, (4) experiential context, (5) social contexts and (6) audience interpretive lenses.Research limitations/implicationsThe investigative model provides a constructive stimulus for substantive empirical inquiries into the dynamics, complexities and implications of everyday street art experiences.Practical implicationsThe research stream developed could inform appropriate approaches to facilitating street art, and collaboration amongst street artists, facilitators, municipal representatives and policymakers.Originality/valueThe paper helps to open up an audience-centred approach to street art that intersects with recent developments in arts experience, cultural value and arts marketing.
Towards a spectacularly dynamic and pluralist “normal science”: pragmatism, communication, IMP and BtoB marketing research
Authors: Lowe Sid , Rod Michel , Hwang Ki-Soon 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to promote the use of pragmatism within industrial marketing and purchasing (IMP), business-to-business (B2B)/network research with its enhanced emphasis on developing adaptable, workable solutions to practical problems. The usability of findings and the study produced means that implications and impact become a natural part of the research process rather than an afterthought concluding a research project. Although the reader might feel that the approach oscillates between viewing pragmatism in its everyday sense (through the use of terminology such as “a pragmatic approach […].,” the intent is to elevate the discussion to one where pragmatism is viewed as a guiding philosophy.

Design/methodology/approach
It blends literature review and conceptual contemplation and challenges convention by “reading against the grain” (Brown and Wijland, 2018).

Findings
The authors do this to challenge convention and advocate for pluralism and diversity, theoretical evolution based on empirical evidence and increased sensitivity to the critical role of discourse, semiotics and abduction as a catalyst between theory, method and empirical activities. This conceptual blending portrays “activities” and beliefs as mutually constituted through the symbolic mediation of rhetoric and discourse.

Research limitations/implications
Existing elements of American pragmatism and discourse are identified as already a tacit constituent of the IMP oeuvre. Combining these approaches more explicitly is advocated as a suitable basis for a potential future “IMP 3” research agenda with significant potentials afforded to IMP and B2B marketing research.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the development and dissemination of alternative and critical perspectives in marketing theory. The implication is that activities must usually be justified by actors within communication as believable and this process always involves mixtures of rational and non-rational appeals. Existing elements of American pragmatism and discourse are identified as already a tacit constituent of the IMP oeuvre. Combining these approaches more explicitly is advocated as a suitable basis for a potential future “IMP 3” research agenda with significant potentials afforded to IMP and B2B marketing research.
FDI and tourism futures: a dynamic investigation for a panel of small island economies
Authors: Fauzel Sheereen 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
Based on a panel vector error correction model (PVECM), this study aims to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on tourism development in a selected group of 17 small island economies during 1995-2018. In the long run, a positive and direct relationship was found between foreign investment and tourists’ arrival. Moreover, economic performance and tourists’ income were also found to be key determinants of tourism development. It is further observed that there is bidirectional causality between the two variables. Hence, one can argue that FDI is a key element for tourism development. So, if the countries can attract more FDI and grow economically, these elements will contribute positively to the sector in the future.

Design/methodology/approach
This work uses rigorous dynamic time series analysis, namely, a dynamic PVECM, which takes into account dynamism and endogeneity issues in tourism modelling. Furthermore, the PVECM is also appropriately suited for integrating short- and long-run analysis.

Findings
The results confirm that FDI has been an important ingredient in the tourism development of the island economies in the long run. Interestingly, a bidirectional causality between FDI and tourism development is validated. Moreover, growth will as well be important. So, if the country can attract more FDI and grow economically, these elements will attract the tourists of the future.

Originality/value
Relatively few studies have rigorously studied the relationships between FDI and tourism development, particularly with respect to developing countries and small island states which rely heavily on tourism as well as FDI. As such existing research has neglected dynamic and reverse causality analysis in their respective FDI-tourism modelling. This study thus attempts to address the above and supplement the literature by investigating the direct and indirect relationship between FDI and tourism development for the case of small island economies over the period 1995-2018. Moreover, the implication of foreign capital inflows on tourism futures will as well be developed.
Fabrication and characterization of mixed thin-/thick-film thermoelectric microgenerator based on constantan/chromium and silver arms
Authors: Gierczak Mirosław Gracjan , Prociów Eugeniusz , Dziedzic Andrzej 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to focus on the fabrication and characterization of mixed thin-/thick-film thermoelectric microgenerators, based on magnetron sputtered constantan (copper–nickel alloy) and screen-printed silver. To improve the adhesion of the constantan layer to the applied substrates, the additional chromium sublayer was used. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of chromium sublayer on the electrical and thermoelectric properties of such hybrid microgenerators.

Design/methodology/approach
Fabrication of such structures consisted of several steps – magnetron sputtering of the chromium and then constantan layer, exposing the first arms of thermocouples, applying the second arms by screen-printing technology and firing the prepared structures in a belt furnace. The structures were made both on Al2O3 (alumina) and low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) substrates.

Findings
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, for the first time, laser ablation process was applied to fabricate the first arms of thermocouples from a layer of constantan only or constantan with a chromium sublayer. Geometric measurements have shown that the mapping of mask pattern by laser ablation technique is very accurate.

Originality/value
The determined Seebeck coefficient of the realized structures was about 40.4 µV/K. After firing the exemplary structures at 850°C peak temperature, Seebeck coefficient is increased to an average value of 51 µV/K.
Magnesium sulphate for fetal neuroprotection at imminent risk for preterm delivery: a systematic review with meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Wolf HT , Huusom LD , Henriksen TB , Hegaard HK , Brok J , Pinborg A 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundOrdinary meta‐analyses indicate that magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) treatment in women at imminent risk for preterm delivery decreases the offspring's risk of cerebral palsy (CP). However, repetitive testing of cumulative data calls for statistical caution, e.g. by trial sequential analysis (TSA), for which there are previously insufficient samples to draw a firm conclusion. Recently, a randomised controlled trial (RCT) provided additional data that potentially increased the sample size such that a new TSA might detect a statistically significant effect.ObjectivesTo assess the possible fetal neuroprotective effect of MgSO4for women at imminent risk for preterm delivery in an updated systematic review with meta‐analysis and TSA.Search strategyWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane andClinicalTrials.govon 8 October 2019. The search strategy clustered terms describing the MgSO4intervention and preterm delivery.Selection criteriaRCTs.Data collection and analysisTwo reviewers extracted the data. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed‐effects models. A TSA was applied to the primary outcome, CP. The quality of the evidence was assessed using GRADE. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration: CRD42019151441).Main resultsWe identified six eligible trials (5917 women). MgSO4intervention in women at imminent risk for preterm birth decreased the offspring's CP risk (meta‐analysis RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.54–0.85; TSA RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.48–0.97).ConclusionsThis systematic review with meta‐analysis and TSA shows conclusively that MgSO4, when given to women at imminent risk for preterm delivery, decreases the offspring's CP risk.Tweetable abstractAntenatal magnesium sulphate decreases the risk of cerebral palsy in children born preterm.
Phylogenetic and sequence analyses of insect transferrins suggest that only transferrin 1 has a role in iron homeostasis
Authors: Najera Diana G. , Dittmer Neal T. , Weber Jacob J. , Kanost Michael R. , Gorman Maureen J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIron is essential to life, but surprisingly little is known about how iron is managed in nonvertebrate animals. In mammals, the well‐characterized transferrins bind iron and are involved in iron transport or immunity, whereas other members of the transferrin family do not have a role in iron homeostasis. In insects, the functions of transferrins are still poorly understood. The goals of this project were to identify the transferrin genes in a diverse set of insect species, resolve the evolutionary relationships among these genes, and predict which of the transferrins are likely to have a role in iron homeostasis. Our phylogenetic analysis of transferrins from 16 orders of insects and two orders of noninsect hexapods demonstrated that there are four orthologous groups of insect transferrins. Our analysis suggests that transferrin 2 arose prior to the origin of insects, and transferrins 1, 3, and 4 arose early in insect evolution. Primary sequence analysis of each of the insect transferrins was used to predict signal peptides, carboxyl‐terminal transmembrane regions, GPI‐anchors, and iron binding. Based on this analysis, we suggest that transferrins 2, 3, and 4 are unlikely to play a major role in iron homeostasis. In contrast, the transferrin 1 orthologs are predicted to be secreted, soluble, iron‐binding proteins. We conclude that transferrin 1 orthologs are the most likely to play an important role in iron homeostasis. Interestingly, it appears that the louse, aphid, and thrips lineages have lost the transferrin 1 gene and, thus, have evolved to manage iron without transferrins.
Synthesis of triethylene tetramine–modified water‐insoluble corn flour caged in magnetic chitosan resin and its adsorption application for removal of patulin from apple juice
Authors: Guo Caixia , Han Li , Guo Meng , Li Meiping , Yu Ligang , Yang Yukun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, triethylene tetramine–modified water‐insoluble corn flour caged in magnetic chitosan resin (TETA‐WICF/MCR) was firstly prepared, which indicates novel aspects for immobilization and chemically modification of mycotoxin adsorbents. The TETA‐WICF/MCR was characterized using zoom stereo microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), and magnetic separation performance analysis. Experimental results confirmed successful layer by layer modification of chitosan, biosorbent water‐insoluble corn flour (WICF), TETA onto the surface of magnetic beads. The mean diameter of the TETA‐WICF/MCR was 2.63 mm with good magnetic‐responsive ability. Subsequently, the adsorption performance of the TETA‐WICF/MCR obtained toward patulin was assessed in batch adsorption system and the results demonstrated that the adsorption process was strongly depended on adsorbent dosage, contact time, temperature, and initial patulin concentration. The results of SEM images and FTIR analysis showed obvious changes in the porous structure of TETA‐WICF/MCR after adsorbing patulin, and ‐NH2 and ‐OH groups were predominantly involved in the adsorption of patulin. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics followed the mechanism of pseudo‐second‐order model, and equilibrium data were well fitted in the Freundlich isotherm model. It was also found that the TETA‐WICF/MCR had good reusability without any adverse changes in apple juice.Practical ApplicationPatulin is a regulated toxin biosynthesized by certain fungi that contaminate agricultural commodities, such as fruits, juices, and other beverages. Several approaches have been studied to reduce patulin levels in apple juice and other aqueous systems. There is need for more low‐cost and eco‐friendly adsorbent capable of detoxifying patulin contaminated. In this sense, triethylene tetramine–modified water‐insoluble corn flour caged in magnetic chitosan resin (TETA‐WICF/MCR) was first prepared and exhibits easy solid–liquid separation and high adsorption capacity for removing patulin from contaminated apple juice.
The association between arterial pulse waveform analysis device and in‐hospital mortality in high‐risk non‐cardiac surgeries
Authors: Takeda Chikashi , Takeuchi Masato , Mizota Toshiyuki , Yonekura Hiroshi , Nahara Isao , Joo Woo J. , Dong Li , Kawasaki Yohei , Kawakami Koji 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundPerioperative goal‐directed fluid therapy is used for haemodynamic optimization in high‐risk surgeries. Cardiac output monitoring can be performed by a specialized pressure transducer for arterial pulse waveform analysis (S‐APWA). No study has assessed whether real‐world use of S‐APWA is associated with post‐operative outcomes; therefore, using a Japanese administrative claims database, we retrospectively investigated whether S‐APWA use is associated with in‐hospital mortality among patients undergoing high‐risk surgery under general anaesthesia.MethodsAdult patients who underwent high‐risk surgery under general anaesthesia and arterial catheterization between 2014 and 2016 were divided into S‐APWA and conventional arterial pressure transducer groups, then compared regarding baseline factors and outcomes. Logistic regression analysis was performed to compare in‐hospital mortality. Subgroup analyses evaluated S‐APWA efficacy and outcomes based on the type of surgery and patients’ comorbidity.ResultsS‐APWA was used in 6859 of 23 655 (29.0%) patients; the crude in‐hospital mortality rate was 3.5%. Adjusted analysis showed no significant association between S‐APWA use and in‐hospital mortality rate (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76‐1.07; P = .25). S‐APWA use was associated with significantly lower in‐hospital mortality in patients undergoing vascular surgery (aOR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.49‐0.94), and significantly higher in‐hospital mortality in patients undergoing lower limb amputation (aOR = 2.63; 95% CI: 1.32‐5.22). S‐APWA use and in‐hospital mortality were not significantly associated with other subgroups.ConclusionS‐APWA use was not associated with in‐hospital mortality in the entire study population. However, S‐APWA was associated with decreased in‐hospital mortality among vascular surgery and increased in‐hospital mortality among lower limb amputation.