bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful sublingual immunotherapy for severe egg allergy in children: a case report
Authors: Sagara Nagatoshi , Fujita Satoshi , Suzuki Ryohei , Aota Akiko , Akashi Kenichi , Katsunuma Toshio 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Egg allergy is one of the most common food allergies in children. To date, oral immunotherapy (OIT) has been considered as a promising treatment option for egg allergy. However, safety issues remain concerning severe adverse events requiring epinephrine injection. Hence, establishing a safer method to treat egg allergy would be beneficial. We report here two children with egg allergy who were safely treated with sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) before transitioning to OIT.

Case presentation
Patient 1 was a 7-year-old girl and Patient 2 was a 5-year-old girl. Although OIT for egg had been attempted in both patients, severe anaphylactic symptoms were induced by ingesting only 0.1 g of heated whole egg. Therefore, SLIT was conducted with aqueous suspensions consisting of water and heated whole egg powder. Suspensions were administered sublingually, kept in the mouth for 2 min, and spat out immediately thereafter. SLIT was continued for 7 months for Patient 1 and 8 months for Patient 2 due to the exploratory character of the study. Afterwards, the patients successfully transferred to low-dose OIT with 1 g of heated whole egg (≒170 mg of egg protein) daily, and are continuing the therapy as of June 2020. As for adverse reactions, Patient 1 expressed oral cavity itchiness once at the beginning of SLIT. Patient 2 had no adverse reaction. The levels of antigen-specific IgE decreased in both patients after SLIT, and further decreased after switching to OIT.

Conclusions
Few clinical studies have evaluated the efficacy and safety of SLIT for egg allergy. Although the treatment was conducted in only two patients, our results have shown that SLIT is a promising treatment procedure for egg allergy. Further clinical trials will be needed to additionally assess the efficacy and safety of SLIT in children with food allergy.
Asthma and COVID-19: a systematic review
Authors: Mendes Natália F. , Jara Carlos P. , Mansour Eli , Araújo Eliana P. , Velloso Licio A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundSevere coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) presents with progressive dyspnea, which results from acute lung inflammatory edema leading to hypoxia. As with other infectious diseases that affect the respiratory tract, asthma has been cited as a potential risk factor for severe COVID-19. However, conflicting results have been published over the last few months and the putative association between these two diseases is still unproven.MethodsHere, we systematically reviewed all reports on COVID-19 published since its emergence in December 2019 to June 30, 2020, looking into the description of asthma as a premorbid condition, which could indicate its potential involvement in disease progression.ResultsWe found 372 articles describing the underlying diseases of 161,271 patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Asthma was reported as a premorbid condition in only 2623 patients accounting for 1.6% of all patients.ConclusionsAs the global prevalence of asthma is 4.4%, we conclude that either asthma is not a premorbid condition that contributes to the development of COVID-19 or clinicians and researchers are not accurately describing the premorbidities in COVID-19 patients.
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells in breast reconstruction: a brief review on biology and translation
Authors: Fang Jun , Chen Feng , Liu Dong , Gu Feiying , Wang Yuezhen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent developments in adipose-derived stromal/stem cell (ADSC) biology provide new hopes for tissue engineering and regeneration medicine. Due to their pluripotent activity, paracrine activity, and immunomodulatory function, ADSCs have been widely administrated and exhibited significant therapeutic effects in the treatment for autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemic conditions both in animals and human clinical trials. Cell-assisted lipotransfer (CAL) based on ADSCs has emerged as a promising cell therapy technology and significantly improved the fat graft retention. Initially applied for cosmetic breast and facial enhancement, CAL has found a potential use for breast reconstruction in breast cancer patients. However, more challenges emerge related to CAL including lack of a standardized surgical procedure, the controversy in the effectiveness of CAL, and the potential oncogenic risk of ADSCs in cancer patients. In this review, we summarized the latest research and intended to give an outline involving the biological characteristics of ADSCs as well as the preclinical and clinical application of ADSCs.
patRoon: open source software platform for environmental mass spectrometry based non-target screening
Authors: Helmus Rick , ter Laak Thomas L. , van Wezel Annemarie P. , de Voogt Pim , Schymanski Emma L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMass spectrometry based non-target analysis is increasingly adopted in environmental sciences to screen and identify numerous chemicals simultaneously in highly complex samples. However, current data processing software either lack functionality for environmental sciences, solve only part of the workflow, are not openly available and/or are restricted in input data formats. In this paper we presentpatRoon, a newRbased open-source software platform, which provides comprehensive, fully tailored and straightforward non-target analysis workflows. This platform makes the use, evaluation and mixing of well-tested algorithms seamless by harmonizing various common (primarily open) software tools under a consistent interface. In addition,patRoonoffers various functionality and strategies to simplify and perform automated processing of complex (environmental) data effectively.patRoonimplements several effective optimization strategies to significantly reduce computational times. The ability ofpatRoonto perform time-efficient and automated non-target data annotation of environmental samples is demonstrated with a simple and reproducible workflow using open-access data of spiked samples from a drinking water treatment plant study. In addition, the ability to easily use, combine and evaluate different algorithms was demonstrated for three commonly used feature finding algorithms. This article, combined with already published works, demonstrate thatpatRoonhelps make comprehensive (environmental) non-target analysis readily accessible to a wider community of researchers.
A hybrid service selection optimization algorithm in internet of things
Authors: Zhang Xiaofei , Geng Juncheng , Ma Jianwei , Liu Hao , Niu Shuangxia , Mao Wandeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the scale of Internet of Things (IoT) continues to increase, it brings big challenges for service selection in a large-scale IoT. For solving this problem, a service selection method based on the enhanced genetic algorithm is proposed in this paper. To decrease the scale of service selection, this paper uses the lexicographic optimization approach and quality of service (QoS) constraint relaxation technique to find the candidate service with height QoS. Then, the IoT service selection problem is transformed into a single-objective optimization problem adopting a simple weighting method, and the final composite service meeting the user's QoS needs are obtained from the candidate service. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently and quickly achieve a composite service satisfying user's QoS needs, and is more suitable for solving the service composite problem in large-scale IoT services.
Enterprise adoption of cloud computing with application portfolio profiling and application portfolio assessment
Authors: Ramchand Kent , Baruwal Chhetri Mohan , Kowalczyk Ryszard 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the continued appeal and adoption of cloud computing, an assessment of cloud run costs and migration affordability prior to adoption would assist enterprises that have several legacy applications targeted for cloud migration. However, as cloud migrations have become more prevalent, many have been characterised by unsuccessful migration or application modernisation attempts. The primary reason behind the failed attempts is insufficient planning upfront, to identify which legacy applications are suitable to realise the benefits of public or private cloud, leading to time and cost overruns. There is a need for strategic decision making for application portfolios to mitigate the risks of cost overruns and migration delays. Thus, a Rough Order of Magnitude (ROM) of cloud run costs for an application portfolio is required in the planning phase as an input into IT governance. To obtain the ROM cloud run costs, it is necessary to baseline application data, preferably through automated discovery, and perform quantitative analysis of the applications. Therefore, we propose an approach to (a) baseline application data using Application Portfolio Profiling (APP), and (b) perform quantitative analysis of applications using an Application Portfolio Assessment (APA), to inform the legacy application migration decision. APP and APA are proposed as part of a Cloud Computing Considerations for Companies (CCCC) framework that enables an enterprise to make an informed decision regarding which legacy applications are to be migrated as part of enterprise Cloud Computing adoption. This decision is important because of the change in operating model, infrastructure requirements, hidden costs and commercial models inherent with cloud computing adoption. We validate the proposed framework through applying it to a real-world use case scenario that provides the necessary coverage to test the proposed framework.
Injuries in Netball-A Systematic Review
Authors: Downs Christopher , Snodgrass Suzanne J. , Weerasekara Ishanka , Valkenborghs Sarah R. , Callister Robin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundNetball is estimated to be played by more than 20 million people worldwide, but there is evidence of high injury incidence. A thorough understanding of the types and rates of netball injuries is essential for effective injury management and prevention strategies to be developed and implemented. This systematic review summarises the published findings with respect to injury types, participant characteristics and any identified risk factors for netball injuries.MethodsA librarian-assisted computer search of seven scientific databases was conducted for studies reporting on netball injuries. Inclusion criteria were studies published in English, in peer-reviewed journals, which reported data on injuries and variables (e.g. age and competition level) that have been proposed as possibly associated with netball injury risk.ResultsForty-six studies (43.5% prospective, 37% hospital/insurance records, 19.5% retrospective) from 45 articles were included after screening. The majority of studies (74%) were conducted in Australia or New Zealand. There was little consistency in the definition of ‘injury’. Elite or sub-elite level players were included in 69% of studies where the level of competition was reported. The duration of injury surveillance was generally related to the format of competition from which data were collected. Self-report questionnaires were used in 48% of studies and only 26% of studies used qualified health professionals to collect data courtside. Injuries to the ankle and knee were the most common (in 19 studies) although the incidence varied considerably across the studies (ankle 13–84% and knee 8–50% of injuries). Prevention of ankle and knee injuries should be a priority. Children sustained more upper limb injuries (e.g. fractures) compared with adults who sustained more lower limb injuries (e.g. ankle and knee sprains/strains). A large number of potential risk factors for injury in netball have been investigated in small numbers of studies. The main circumstances of injury are landings, collisions and falls.ConclusionFurther studies should be directed towards recreational netball, reporting on injury incidence in players by age and utilising high-quality, standardised methods and criteria. Specific injury diagnosis and a better understanding of the circumstances and mechanisms of injury would provide more meaningful data for developing prevention strategies.
Legionnaires’ disease in the time of COVID-19
Authors: Cassell Kelsie , Davis J Lucian , Berkelman Ruth 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDue to similarities in initial disease presentation, clinicians may be inclined to repeatedly test community-acquired pneumonia cases for COVID-19 before recognizing the need to test for Legionnaires’ disease. Legionnaires’ disease is an illness characterized by pneumonia that has a summer/early fall seasonality due to favorable conditions forLegionellagrowth and exposure.Legionellaproliferate in warm water environments and stagnant sections of indoor plumbing and cooling systems. During the ongoing pandemic crisis, exposures to aerosolized water from recently reopened office or retail buildings should be considered as an epidemiologic risk factor forLegionellaexposure and an indication to test. The majority of Legionnaires’ disease cases occurring each year are not diagnosed, and some experts recommend that all patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia without a known etiology be tested forLegionellainfection. Proper diagnosis can increase the likelihood of appropriate and timely antibiotic treatment, identify potential clusters of disease, and facilitate source attribution.
Sexuality, sexual expression in long-term care and the law
Authors: Aziz Victor M. , Slack Philip 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARYBalancing risk and safety in long-term care settings can be challenging while providing and respecting patients’/residents’ needs and rights in terms of sexual expression. We look at factors affecting the expression of sexuality, including staff attitudes and reactions, and the lack of policies governing sexuality. We review the various statute and case law, other legislative and quasi-legal provisions governing sexuality and sexual expression. Finally, we consider the need for clear policies and training for both staff and family members.
Isotyping and Semi-Quantitation of Monkey Anti-Drug Antibodies by Immunocapture Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Huang Xiaoxiao , Xu Xiaobin , Partridge Michael A. , Chen Jihua , Koehler-Stec Ellen , Sumner Giane , Qiu Haibo , Torri Albert , Li Ning 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere is an urgent demand to develop new technologies to characterize immunogenicity to biotherapeutics. Here, we developed an immunocapture LC-MS assay to isotype and semi-quantify monkey anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) to fully human monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs. ADAs were isolated from serum samples using an immunocapture step with the Fab of the full-length mAb cross-linked to magnetic beads to minimize matrix interference. A positive monoclonal antibody control against the human immunoglobulin kappa light chain was used as a calibration standard for ADA quantitation. The final LC-MS method contains 17 multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions and an optimized 15-min LC method. The results suggested that IgG1 was the most abundant isotype in ADA-positive samples. IgG2 and IgG4 were identified at lower levels, whereas IgG3 and IgA levels were only observed at very minor levels. In addition, levels of total ADA measured by the LC-MS assay were comparable to results obtained using a traditional ligand binding assay (LBA). The LC-MS ADA assay enabled rapid immunogenicity assessment with additional isotype information that LBAs cannot provide.
Subcutaneous Injection Performance in Yucatan Miniature Pigs with and without Human Hyaluronidase and Auto-injector Tolerability in Humans
Authors: Shi Galen H. , Connor Robert J. , Collins David S. , Kang David W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 (rHuPH20) facilitates subcutaneous (SC) delivery of co-administered therapeutic agents by locally and transiently degrading hyaluronan in the SC space, and can be administered with therapeutics using a variety of devices. Two SC delivery studies were carried out to assess auto-injector (AI) performance, each in 18 Yucatan miniature pigs. Abdominal injections were administered using three auto-injectors of 1 mL (AI1) and 2 mL (AI2 and sAI2) with different injection speeds and depths (5.5–7.5 mm) and two pre-filled syringe (PFS) devices of 1 and 2 mL. The injection included a placebo buffer with and without rHuPH20 to evaluate the effect of rHuPH20 on SC injection performance. The feasibility of using similar devices to deliver a placebo buffer in humans was investigated. rHuPH20 was not studied in humans. In miniature pigs, postinjection swelling was evident for most PFS/AI injections, particularly 2 mL. Swelling heights and back leakage were typically lower with rHuPH20 co-administration versus placebo for most device configurations (1 or 2 mL PFS or AI). Auto-injections with versus without rHuPH20 also resulted in reduced swelling firmness and faster swelling resolution over time. Slow injections with rHuPH20 had shorter and more consistent injection time versus placebo. In humans, minimal injection site swelling and negligible back leakage were observed for 2-mL injections of placebo, while more erythema was observed in humans versus miniature pigs. Even at high delivery rates with PFS or AI, the addition of rHuPH20 resulted in improved SC injection performance versus placebo in miniature pigs.
Optimal Bezier curve transition for low-loss ultra-compact S-bends
Authors: Yi Dan , Zhang Yaojing , Tsang Hon Ki 
Published: January 2021

S-bends with a widening of the width at the mid-bend and a Bezier curve transition are proposed and demonstrated for low-loss S-bends. The increased optical confinement and reduced transition loss enable low insertion loss (IL) and compact S-bends with longitudinal offsets as small as 2.5 µm and a wide operating bandwidth (

∼

100

n
m

) on a 220 nm thick silicon-on-insulator platform. The simulation results show ILs less than (0.22, 0.20, 0.20, 0.20) dB in the wavelength range of (1.5–1.6) µm, while the minimum ILs are (0.13, 0.13, 0.15, 0.16) dB for lateral offsets of (3, 6, 9, 12) µm. The experimental results show that ILs remain less than (0.41, 0.38, 0.36, 0.39) dB for the mid-bend widening Bezier (MWB) S-bends.
A unique group of scabies mite pseudoproteases promotes cutaneous blood coagulation and delays plasmin-induced fibrinolysis
Authors: Fernando Deepani D. , Reynolds Simone L. , Hartel Gunter , Cribier Bernard , Ortonne Nicolas , Jones Malcolm K. , Fischer Katja 
Published: January 2021

Background
Scabies, a highly contagious skin disease affecting more than 200 million people worldwide at any time, is caused by the parasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei. In the absence of molecular markers, diagnosis requires experience making surveillance and control challenging. Superficial microthrombi in the absence of vasculitis in scabies-affected skin are a recognised, yet unexplained histopathological differential of scabies infection. This study demonstrates that a family of Scabies Mite Inactivated Cysteine Protease Paralogues (SMIPP-Cs) excreted by the mites plays a role in formation of scabies-induced superficial microthrombi.

Methodology/Principal findings
A series of in vitro and ex vivo experiments involving two representative recombinant SMIPP-Cs was carried out. In the presence of SMIPP-Cs, the thrombin clotting time (TCT), fibrin formation and plasmin induced fibrinolysis were monitored in vitro. The ultrastructure of the SMIPP-C—modulated fibrin was analysed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Immuno-histological analyses were performed ex vivo, to localise the SMIPP-C proteins within scabies infected skin biopsies. SMIPP-Cs displayed pro-coagulant properties. They bound calcium ions, reduced the thrombin clotting time, enhanced the fibrin formation rate and delayed plasmin-induced fibrinolysis. The SMIPP-Cs associated with fibrin clots during fibrinogen polymerisation and did not bind to preformed fibrin. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the fibrin clots formed in the presence of SMIPP-Cs were aberrant and denser than normal fibrin clots. SMIPP-Cs were detected in microthrombi which are commonly seen in scabietic skin.

Conclusions/Significance
The SMIPP-Cs are the first scabies mite proteins found in sub-epidermal skin layers and their pro-coagulant properties promote superficial microthrombi formation in scabetic skin. Further research is needed to evaluate their potential as diagnostic or therapeutic target.
Effect of early oxygen therapy and antiviral treatment on disease progression in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective study of medical charts in China
Authors: Long Lu , Wu Liang , Chen Lang , Zhou Daixing , Wu Hongyu , Lu Donghao , Li Honglin , Duan Xiaoxia , Han Yutong , Li Xianzhi , Wang Qiuxia , Zhang Jing 
Published: January 2021

Background
Until now, no antiviral treatment has been proven to be effective for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The timing of oxygen therapy was considered to have a great influence on the symptomatic relief of hypoxemia and seeking medical intervention, especially in situations with insufficient medical resources, but the evidence on the timing of oxygen therapy is limited.

Methods and findings
Medical charts review was carried out to collect the data of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection confirmed in Tongji hospital, Wuhan from 30th December 2019 to 8th March 2020. In this study, the appropriate timing of oxygen therapy and risk factors associated with severe and fatal illness were identified and the effectiveness of antivirus on disease progression was assessed. Among 1362 patients, the prevalence of hypoxia symptoms was significantly higher in those patients with severe and fatal illness than in those with less severe disease. The onset of hypoxia symptoms was most common in the second to third week after symptom onset, and patients with critical and fatal illness experienced these symptoms earlier than those with mild and severe illness. In multivariable analyses, the risk of death increased significantly when oxygen therapy was started more than 2 days after hypoxia symptoms onset among critical patients (OR, 1.92; 95%CI, 1.20 to 3.10). Compared to the critically ill patients without IFN-a, the patients who were treated with IFN-a had a lower mortality (OR, 0.60; 95%CI, 0.39 to 0.91).

Conclusions
Early initiation of oxygen therapy was associated with lower mortality among critical patients. This study highlighted the importance of early oxygen therapy after the onset of hypoxia symptoms. Our results also lend support to potentially beneficial effects of IFNα on critical illness.