bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of a host–parasitoid interaction clarified by modelling and DNA sequencing
Authors: Mutanen Marko , Ovaskainen Otso , Várkonyi Gergely , Itämies Juhani , Prosser Sean W. J. , Hebert Paul D. N. , Hanski Ilkka 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIt has been hypothesised that the 2‐year oscillations in abundance of Xestia moths are mediated by interactions with 1‐year Ophion parasitoid wasps. We tested this hypothesis by modelling a 35‐year time series of Xestia and Ophion from Northern Finland. Additionally, we used DNA barcoding to ascertain the species diversity of Ophion and targeted amplicon sequencing of their gut contents to confirm their larval hosts. Modelling of the time‐series data strongly supported the hypothesised host–parasitoid dynamics and that periodic occurrence of Xestia moths is mediated by Ophion. DNA barcodes revealed that Ophion included five species rather than just one while targeted amplicon sequencing verified that Ophion does parasitise Xestia. At least one Ophion species employs 1‐year Syngrapha interrogationis as an alternate host, but it did not detectably affect Xestia–Ophion dynamics. We also demonstrate the previously unrecognised complexity of this system due to cryptic parasitoid diversity.
New prognostic model for synchronous metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Naito Sei , Kato Tomoyuki , Ichiyanagi Osamu , Narisawa Takafumi , Kurokawa Masayuki , Yagi Mayu , Ushijima Masaki , Ozawa Michinobu , Kanno Hidenori , Kurota Yuta , Fukuhara Hiroki , Kuboki Yuya , Yamagishi Atsushi , Sakurai Toshihiko , Nishida Hayato , Yamanobe Takuya , Tsuchiya Norihiko 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo create a new model for the prediction of overall survival in synchronous metastatic renal cell carcinoma.MethodsMedical records of 158 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma diagnosed at the Yamagata University Hospital from August 2007 to February 2018 were reviewed. Among them, 77 with synchronous metastatic renal cell carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed using the univariate and multivariate analyses. A new prognostic model was constructed, followed by a bootstrap validation to estimate the model fitting. In addition, these prognostic factors were estimated in 67 metachronous metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients.ResultsFive independent prognostic factors were identified in synchronous metastatic renal cell carcinoma: cT3/4, cN1, high corrected calcium, >3.6 neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and central nerve system metastasis. The number (%) and overall survival (95% confidence interval) in the favorable‐ (0 or 1 risk factor), intermediate‐ (2 risk factors) and poor‐risk (≥3 risk factors) groups were 29 (45.3%) and 67.4 (31.8–NA), 21 (32.8%) and 16.8 (10.0–27.6), and 14 (21.9%) and 9.1 (7.3–13.7) months, respectively. The C‐index was 0.72. Patients in the favorable‐risk group had better overall survival with nephrectomy than without nephrectomy (hazard ratio 0.29, 95% confidence interval 0.09–0.91 with nephrectomy). In metachronous metastatic renal cell carcinoma, these prognostic factors showed no statistical differences in the overall survival.ConclusionsPrognostic factors are completely different between synchronous and metachronous metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The new model for synchronous metastatic renal cell carcinoma can predict a good candidate for cytoreductive nephrectomy.
Bisphosphonates and atrial fibrillation: revisiting the controversy
Authors: Fazmin Ibrahim T. , Huang Christopher L.‐H. , Jeevaratnam Kamalan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBisphosphonates (BPs) are widely prescribed drugs used to treat osteoporosis, commonly arising in postmenopausal women and in chronic glucocorticoid use. Their mechanism of action is through inhibiting osteoclast‐induced bone remodeling, and they also possess calcium sequestering properties. Common side effects involve the gastrointestinal system and rare but serious side effects, including osteonecrosis of the jaw. However, a link between BPs and atrial fibrillation (AF) has been proposed, with early clinical trials, such as the Fracture Intervention Trial and the HORIZON Pivotal Fracture Trial, reporting that BPs are associated with increased risk of AF. Nevertheless, subsequent studies have reported contrasting results, ranging from no effect of BPs to antiarrhythmic effects of BPs. Preclinical and electrophysiological studies on any proarrhythmic effect of BPs are limited in scope and number, but suggest possible mechanisms that include antiangionesis‐related myocardial remodeling, calcium handling abnormalities, and inflammatory changes. Contrastingly, some studies indicate that BPs are antiarrhythmic by inhibiting fibrotic myocardial remodeling. In order to continue established clinical prescribing of BPs within absolute margins of safety, it will be necessary to systematically rule in/rule out these mechanisms. Thus, we discuss these studies and examine in detail the potential mechanistic links, with the aim of suggesting further avenues for research.
Zika virus and its implications on cord blood banking and transplantation
Authors: Stone Elizabeth F. , Shaz Beth H. 
Published: March 2020

KEY IDEAS
Umbilical cord blood is an important cellular therapy product used for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, but the US Food and Drug Administration guidance regarding donor screening to reduce the risk of Zika transmission has decreased the number of licensed, eligible cord blood units available for transplantation.
There is a crucial need for updated travel risk assessment for Zika virus transmission, validated screening tests for Zika virus in umbilical cord blood, and further research on Zika virus transmissibility due to umbilical cord blood products to ensure that umbilical cord blood and related tissues are safe and available for transplantation.
Nonlinear Vibration Analysis of a Flexible Rotor Supported by a Journal Bearing Considering Journal Angular Motion
Authors: Koondilogpiboon Nuntaphong , Inoue Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The effect of bearing length to diameter (L/D) ratio and large disk position on nonlinear vibration of a flexible rotor-bearing system was investigated. The rotor consisted of a shaft modeled by one-dimensional finite elements (FEs) and disks. It was supported by a self-aligning ball bearing (BB) and an axial-groove journal bearing (JB). Two JB's L/D ratios of 0.4 and 0.6, two large disk positions of 340 and 575 mm measured from the BB, and two bearing models that consider both journal's lateral and angular motion (model A) and consider only journal's lateral motion (model B) were investigated. The degrees-of-freedom (DOF) of the equation of motion (EOM) were reduced to those of the boundary DOF by real mode component mode synthesis (CMS) that retains only the first forward and backward modes of the internal DOF. Shooting method and Floquet multiplier analysis were applied to the reduced EOM to obtain limit cycles and their stability, which indicates Hopf bifurcation type. Numerical results indicated that supercritical bifurcation only occurred in the case of L/D = 0.4 and large disk position 575 mm for both bearing models. Otherwise, the subcritical bifurcation occurred except the case of L/D = 0.6 with the large disk position 575 mm that supercritical bifurcation occurred if model B was used. The experiment with the same parameters used in the calculation was conducted as verification. The experimental results showed the same bifurcation type as calculated by using model A.
Visual function is reduced in young adults formerly born prematurely: a population-based study
Authors: Pétursdóttir Dýrleif , Holmström Gerd , Larsson Eva 
Published: March 2020

AimsTo assess visual function in young adults born preterm and compare with full-term individuals of the same age.MethodsYoung adults, born preterm (birth weight ≤1500 g) in 1988–1990, previously included in a population-based study on the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Stockholm County, Sweden were included. A control group of participants born at term, in the same area during the same time period, was used for comparison. Best-corrected visual acuities were assessed at distance and near with logMAR charts. Distance visual acuity was also measured with single symbols to calculate crowding. Visual fields were measured with Humphrey 24-2 and the mean deviation was noted. Contrast sensitivity was assessed with Vistech contrast sensitivity test and the area under the curve was calculated.ResultsFifty-nine preterm (females 37) and 44 full-term (females 18) individuals were included. All individuals were between 25 and 29 years of age. Preterm individuals had significantly lower distance visual acuity (mean −0.08 (SD 0.11) vs −0.14 (SD 0.07) logMAR, p=0.009), near visual acuity (mean −0.08 (SD 0.11) vs −0.13 (SD 0.06) logMAR, p=0.049), mean deviation (mean −1.09 (SD 1.13) vs −0.80 (SD 1.03) dB, p=0.05) and contrast sensitivity (mean 2.02 (SD 0.19) vs 2.16 (SD 0.14), p<0.001) in the better eye compared with full-term individuals. The differences in distance visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were also evident after excluding persons with previous ROP and neurological complications. In multivariable analyses, treated ROP was a risk factor for reduced near visual acuity and visual fields.ConclusionVisual function seems to be reduced in prematurely born individuals even in adulthood. The reason may be prematurity per se since individuals without previous ROP or neurological complications are also affected.SynopsisVisual function, assessed as visual acuity, visual fields and contrast sensitivity, was reduced in young adults born preterm and previously included in a population-based study on the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity, as compared with controls.
Closing the gap: actualising shared decision-making through effective medication abortion patient follow-up care
Authors: Fagot Erin 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundEffective care dearth in USA healthcare systems can be augmented by patient engagement and shared decision-making (SDM). These effective care strategies can facilitate medical abortion follow-up care (ensuring patients are not experiencing a continuing pregnancy) and follow-up options access.Local problemThe quality improvement project clinic had a state-mandated waiting period, requiring additional visits. This delayed care for all abortion patients, creating travel, and cost barriers. The clinic had some of the lowest medical abortion follow-up rates out of its entire national network.MethodsFour ‘Plan-Do-Study-Act’ (PDSA) cycles built on clinical changes, implementing an Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality serum human chorionic gonadotropin guideline. Medical abortion patient cohort size doubled during each PDSA cycle.InterventionsThrough four interventions (team engagement, patient engagement, Beta follow-up and contraception SDM), standardised follow-up care was integrated into clinic workflow with contraception SDM tools and an Option Grid.ResultsMost intervention measures were successful, with staff offering follow-up options counselling to all medical abortion patients by the end of the project. The Beta follow-up rate (84%) was higher than the overall follow-up rate (52%–73%), but the goal of a 92% overall follow-up rate was not met. Contraception SDM streamlined counselling but long-acting reversible contraception insertion rates did not increase.ConclusionsEffective care enabled the majority of medical abortion patients to choose Beta follow-up as their preferred follow-up method, especially those with a travel barrier. Beta follow-up gives assurance to close the follow-up gap over time.
Methane and carbon dioxide emissions from yearling beef heifers and mature cows classified for residual feed intake under drylot conditions
Authors: Manafiazar G. , Baron V.S. , McKeown L. , Block H. , Ominski K. , Plastow G. , Basarab J.A. 
Published: March 2020

This study quantified methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production from beef heifers and cows classified for residual feed intake adjusted for off-test backfat thickness (RFIfat) and reared in drylot during cold winter temperatures. Individual performance, daily feed intake, and RFIfat were obtained for 1068 crossbred and purebred yearling heifers (eight trials) as well as 176 crossbred mature cows (six trials) during the winters of 2015–2017 at two locations. A portion of these heifers (147 high RFIfat; 167 low RFIfat) and cows (69 high RFIfat; 70 low RFIfat) was monitored for enteric CH4 and CO2 emissions using the GreenFeed Emissions Monitoring (GEM) system (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD, USA). Low RFIfat cattle consumed less feed [heifers, 7.80 vs. 8.48 kg dry matter (DM) d−1; cows, 11.64 vs. 13.16 kg DM d−1] and emitted less daily CH4 (2.5% for heifers; 3.7% for cows) and CO2 (1.4% for heifers; 3.4% for cows) compared with high RFIfat cattle. However, low RFIfat heifers and cows had higher CH4 (6.2% for heifers; 9.9% for cows) and CO2 yield (7.3% for heifers; 9.8% for cows) per kilogram DM intake compared with their high RFIfat pen mates. The GEM system performed at air temperatures between +20 and −30 °C. Feed intake of heifers and mature cows was differently affected by ambient temperature reduction between +20 and −15 °C and similarly increased their feed intake at temperatures below −15 °C. In conclusion, low RFIfat animals emit less daily enteric CH4 and CO2, due mainly to lower feed consumption at equal body weight, gain, and fatness.
Fermion and graviton in Dirac–Born–Infeld braneworld models
Authors: Mazani Esmaeil , Tofighi Ali , Sorkhi Masoumeh Moazzen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study the braneworld models with non-standard kinetic term of Dirac–Born–Infeld (DBI) type in two case which are (I) in usual gravity and (II) in f(T) gravity. In each of these cases, we examine gravity localization on branes and show that both models are stable and capable of gravity localizing in a similar manner to the standard case of braneworld models. In addition, we investigate the problem of fermion localization in both models and by considering the Yukawa coupling as a function of the warp factor, we show that the massless zero mode of fermion fields are localized on both types of the the branes. Meanwhile, the effect of parameters in both models is addressed on the zero mode and massive mode of graviton and fermion and the effective potentials. Finally, we study the gauge hierarchy problem in both models and we show that by choosing the appropriate parameters, both models are able to solve the gauge hierarchy problem between the Tev scale and the Planck scale.
On the hypotheses of Penrose’s singularity theorem under disformal transformations
Authors: Bittencourt Eduardo , Carvalho Gabriel G. , Lobo Iarley P. , Santana Leandro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe analyze how the hypotheses of Penrose’s singularity theorem (1965) are modified by the action of disformal transformations (defined in terms of light-like vectors) upon a given space-time metric. In particular, we investigate the transformation of the null energy condition and the existence of closed trapped surfaces in such scenario, in order to derive conditions upon the background metric and the disformal vector that guarantee the validity of Penrose’s theorem for disformal metrics. Then, we explain how to apply this technique for static and spherically symmetric space-times in general.
Electron collisions with molecules and molecular clusters
Authors: Gorfinkiel Jimena D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
State-of-the art computational studies of electron collisions with molecules and small molecular clusters are illustrated with results obtained from the application of the R-matrix method and the UKRMol/UKRMol+ suites. High-level calculations of electronic excitation cross sections and core-excited resonances, mainly of core-excited shape character, show excellent agreement with experiment for mid-size molecules like pyrimidine and thiophene. Simpler calculations are paving the way for an in-depth understanding of the effect of hydration on resonance formation: how the shift in resonance energy depends on the characteristics of the hydrogen bond and the resonance being studied. Finally, applications of the software to a little studied process, interatomic coulombic electron capture are also illustrated.

Graphical abstract
Historicizing the Left: A Review of Michał Siermiński "Dekada Przełomu: polska lewica opozycyjna 1968-1980", Warszawa: Książka i Prasa 2016
Authors: Ost David 
Published: March 2020

This review of Michał Siermiński Dekada przełomu: Polska lewica opozycyjna 1968–1980 [Transformative Decade: The Polish Oppositionist Left 1968–1980] critiques the author’s focus on ideas by offering a class-based understanding of the changes in Polish oppositionist politics, makes a case for the leftism of the “Civil Society” program of the 1970s, and argues that the old oppositionists’ discussions of the Church and “nation” were not violations of leftism but a way to frame the left so as to make it more acceptable to more people. The left faces very different tasks and problems now than it did in the 1970s or 1980s, which explains why Siermiński could write such a left-wing critique today. Yet while his book is extremely valuable, and the present left does certainly need a new program, it could still use some of the self-governing ideas of the 1970s in its current struggle against neoliberalism.
Red Nationalism? A Brief Overview of the Origins of Polish Stalinism
Authors: Kozłowski Michał 
Published: March 2020

This article argues against the still-dominant idea that Polish Stalinism must be interpreted in “exteriority” and “rupture” due to the Soviet Union’s political grip over the country. The period of Stalinist rule constitutes a particularly dense and fecund time in Polish history, one that can only be understood within the framework of Poland’s past and present: the period's origins and metahistory. The discursive gesture of depriving certain historical actors of their legitimate agency echoes the struggles over ethnicity and politics within Polish socialist circles at the turn of the twentieth century. There is, however, a disturbing paradox in the historical outcome of this distant debate: The ones who carried out the project of a Polish mono-ethnic state were the disciples of Polish revolutionary internationalists.
Stalinism the Polish Way
Authors: Zawadzka Anna 
Published: March 2020

This is the first part of the introduction to issue 8/19 of Studia Litteraria et Historica. The issue focuses on an anthropological and sociological analysis of the years 1945–1956 in Poland and, to some degree, on a deconstruction of contemporary Polish narratives on Stalinism. The author discusses the reasons for reexamining the subject, along with the methodological basis of such reexamination. The article also offers a polemical discussion of Andrzej Leder’s interpretation of Poland’s Stalinist period.
Vertical Temperature Structure Associated with Evaporation of Stratiform Precipitation in Idealized WRF Simulations
Authors: Virman M. , Bister M. , Sinclair V. A. , Räisänen J. , Järvinen H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA recent study based on observations has shown that after precipitation over tropical oceans rather shallow temperature structures occur in the lower troposphere and that their magnitude depends on climatological low- to midtropospheric humidity. As any process that produces temperature perturbations in the lower troposphere can be of great significance for the formation of atmospheric deep convection, the vertical temperature structure associated with evaporation of stratiform precipitation and its sensitivity to low- to midtropospheric humidity are studied by conducting three-dimensional, high-resolution, idealized simulations with the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. In the simulations, rainwater with mixing ratio and number concentration characteristic of stratiform precipitation associated with mesoscale convective systems is added in a large round area at roughly 560 hPa. Evaporative cooling and subsidence warming below result in a cold anomaly at roughly 560–750 hPa and, especially, a warm anomaly at roughly 750–900 hPa. The cold-over-warm anomalies are stronger with smaller low- to midtropospheric relative humidity in the initial conditions, with the maximum magnitude of the warm anomaly ranging between 0.7 and 1.2 K. The temperature anomalies propagate to the environment and still remain present after precipitation stops. The results show that evaporation of stratiform precipitation alone can lead to temperature structures, which are on the same order of magnitude as the observed ones, that potentially inhibit subsequent convection by increasing convective inhibition. Therefore, the representation of microphysical processes affecting the location, amount, and vertical and horizontal distribution of stratiform precipitation and its evaporation in numerical models requires special attention.
Modeling of Water Fluxes and Budget in Nam Co Basin during 1979–2013
Authors: Tong Kai , Su Fengge , Li Chunhong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, we established a hydrologic modeling framework over the Nam Co Lake basin by linking a glacier-melt scheme with a physically based, distributed land surface hydrologic model, and a heat-balance model was used for water surface evaporation. Hydrologic processes including evapotranspiration from land regions, runoff from both glacierized and nonglacierized areas, and lake surface evaporation were continuously modeled for 1979–2013, and then lake level changes were reconstructed. Rainfall runoff, snowmelt runoff, and glacier runoff contributed 59%, 28%, and 13% of total runoff, respectively. For the high-altitude region, runoff was mostly generated from glaciers. The lake had a positive water budget in most of the years with an average lake level depth of 128.8 mm, resulting in a total rise of approximately 4.5 m. Precipitation and precipitation-induced runoff were the main water supplies and played a dominant role in lake growth. Although the glacier runoff only contributed 13% of the total runoff, it played an important role in controlling the water level. The rising temperature led to increasing evaporation in two ways: one was providing an energy source for evaporation, and the second was extending the ice-free period. This mitigated the recent expansion of the lake, but on the other hand, it led to increasing glacier runoff into the lake. Hence, the rising temperature had two diametrically opposed effects on lake water balance.