bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Функционирование неологизмов и окказионализмов из сферы информатики и интернет-коммуникации в современном украинском языке
Authors: Кислюк Лариса 
Published: November 2020

This paper is devoted to the analysis of term generation in the field of computer science and i-net communication using the native word-formative tools of the Ukrainian language. Particular attention is paid to the functioning of such neologisms in common usage (linguistic usus). Ukrainian electronic resources are used as a research material and verification tool. Morphemic, word-formative and comparative analysis of derivatives and the method of periphrasis allowed us to determine the reasons for the production of appropriate and inappropriate special names that can compete with English borrowings in this field.
Volker Oesterreich: O pewnym zabójstwie na tle politycznym i jego wielorakich skutkach
Authors: Nowara-Matusik Nina 
Published: November 2020

Tekst jest skróconym tłumaczeniem następującego artykułu Volkera Oesterreicha: Ausstellung zum Attentat von Carl Ludwig Sand auf August von Kotzebue vor 200 Jahren. Ein politischer Mord mit vielen Folgen – Titel „Lohn der Wahrheit? https://www.rnz.de/panorama/magazin_artikel,-universitaetsbibliothek-mannheim-ausstellung-zum-attentat-von-carl-ludwig-sand-auf-august-von-kotzebu-_arid,428684.html (22.06.2020).
Mariusz Jakosz: Wartościowanie w internetowych komentarzach do artykułów prasowych dotyczących stosunków niemiecko-polskich. Próba analizy pragmalingwistycznej. Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 2016: 222 s.
Authors: Miodek Wacław 
Published: November 2020

Recenzja książki: Mariusz Jakosz: Wartościowanie w internetowych komentarzach do artykułów prasowych dotyczących stosunków niemiecko-polskich. Próba analizy pragmalingwistycznej. Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 2016: 222 s.
Sprawozdanie z 42. Ogólnopolskiej Olimpiady Języka Niemieckiego w województwie śląskim
Authors: Borek Agata , Kozieł Renata 
Published: November 2020

Ogólnopolskia Olimpiada Języka Niemieckiego dla szkół ponadgimnazjalnych jest Wyższa Szkoła Języków Obcych im. Samuela Bogumiła Lindego w Poznaniu.
Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif STAD Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Servis Atas Permainan Bolavoli
Authors: Budiman Agung Pratama  
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to improve learning outcomes for volleyball service service through the STAD learning model. This research uses the Action Research model of Kemmis & McTaggart with the following stages: Planning, implementation of action, observation, repair or reflection. The subjects in this study were students of class X1 SMA Negeri 1 Kediri with a total of 24 male students and 16 female students, the instrument used in this study was the volleyball service observation sheet. Data on service performance results for volleyball cycle I and cycle II test, the results are determined based on individual completeness, classical completeness. students' average ability . The increase in the percentage of learning completeness from the first cycle to the second cycle was 46.925%. The results of this study can be concluded that the application of the cooperative learning model Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) is effective in improving learning outcomes for volleyball service in class X.1 students of SMA Negeri 1 Kediri
Eserewondo Rozongombe
: Livestock as Sites of Power and Resistance in Kaokoveld, Namibia
Authors: Heydinger John 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article details how the ovaHerero of Kaokoveld (north-west Namibia) experienced the precolonial and colonial eras as mediated through their cattle culture. While histories of Namibia rarely use non-Western lenses to interpret processes during the colonial era, this article examines ovaHerero colonial experiences as one episode within a broader history. It draws together archival and published sources to tell the little-known history of a people living in a remote and rugged rural area that nevertheless is of considerable contemporary interest because of wildlife conservation. Yet the ovaHerero of Kaokoveld remain little understood outside exoticised tourism material. Their history holds important lessons for the role of non-human actors in the precolonial and colonial eras, and for how environments, racialised social policies and power politics interacted to help construct contemporary north-west Namibia. Recentring ovaHerero experiences of these eras contributes to postcolonial studies of subaltern groups, the field of human-animal studies and the historiography of Namibia and Southern Africa.
A System Dynamics Approach to Understanding the deep Magma Plumbing System Beneath Dominica (Lesser Antilles)
Authors: Solaro Clara , Balcone-Boissard Hélène , Morgan Daniel Joseph , Boudon Georges , Martel Caroline , Ostorero Léa 
Published: November 2020

To understand the dynamics of magmatic systems, one must first seek to characterize the time-dependent behavior of magma storage and ascent. Herein, we do this through a combination of the Crystal System Approach and careful study of Fe-Mg interdiffusion in orthopyroxene. This allows us to trace the pre-eruptive dynamics of magma plumbing systems, both in space and time. We apply this novel approach on two large silicic eruptions (about 3–5 km3 DRE/eruption) that occurred in the central part of Dominica Island (Lesser Antilles Arc): the eruptions of Layou (∼51 ka) from Morne Diablotins, and Roseau (∼33 ka) from Morne Trois Pitons-Micotrin. For the Roseau eruption, two magmatic environments (MEs) are identified on the basis of orthopyroxene composition, with a dominant reverse-zoning pattern from 50 to 54 to 54–59 mol% enstatite (En), indicating interaction with hotter magma. For the Layou eruption, three MEs are observed as represented by three populations of pyroxenes: En47-51, En51-53 and En53-58. The normal-zoning pathway from En51-53 to En47-51 is significantly registered by crystals, interpreted as convective mixing in a zoned reservoir. The reverse-zoning pathway from En47-51 to En51-53 and also En53-58 is also significantly present, supporting the mixing within the zoned reservoir but also suggesting mixing with a hotter magma, possibly stored in another part of a sub-volcanic mush. The crystal and glass compositions (melt inclusion and matrix glass) from both studied eruptions suggest heating and mixing between different magma pockets located within the mush that were the dominant process for mobilizing eruptible magma. In parallel, we constrain the associated pre-eruptive timescales by modeling the diffusive relaxation of Fe-Mg chemical gradients that originated within the zonation of the same orthopyroxene crystals. Diffusion modeling was considered along the b-axis of 66 zoned orthopyroxene crystals for these two eruptions, at a magmatic temperature of 850 ± 25°C. In light of these results, we propose that the Layou and the Roseau magma reservoirs were rejuvenated and heated by ∼25–50°C about 10 years prior to eruption by the injection of an underplating, hotter magma, creating the observed dominant reverse-zoning patterns of the erupted orthopyroxenes. We thus have evidence that silicic mush can be re-mobilized over timescales of decades prior to eruption, as previously suggested for Santorini and Taupo volcanoes.
Aspirin and 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide Riboside Attenuate Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus Replication by Inhibiting BEFV-Induced Autophagy
Authors: Tseng Hsu-Hung , Huang Wei-Ru , Cheng Ching-Yuan , Chiu Hung-Chuan , Liao Tsai-Ling , Nielsen Brent L. , Liu Hung-Jen 
Published: November 2020

Recent study in our laboratory has demonstrated that BEFV-induced autophagyviaactivation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and Src/JNK pathways and suppression of the PI3K-AKt-mTORC1 pathway is beneficial for virus replication. In the current study, we found that both aspirin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-riboside (AICAR) siginificantly attenuated virus replication by inhibiting BEFV-induced autophagyviasuppressing the BEFV-activated PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and Src/JNK pathways as well as inducing reversion of the BEFV-suppressed PI3K-Akt-mTORC1 pathway. AICAR reversed the BEFV-activated PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and Src/JNK pathways at the early to late stages of infection and induced reversion of the BEFV-suppressed PI3K-AKt-mTORC1 pathway at the late stage of infection. Our findings reveal that inhibition of BEFV-induced autophagy by AICAR is independent of AMPK. Furthermore, we found that AICAR transcriptionally downregulates the ATG related genes ULK1, Beclin 1, and LC3 and enhances Atg7 degradation by the proteasome pathway. Aspirin suppresses virus replication by inhibiting BEFV-induced autophagy. It directly suppressed the NF-κB pathway and reversed the BEFV-activated Src/JNK pathway at the early stage of infection and reversed the BEFV-suppressed PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway at the late stage of infection. The current study provides mechanistic insights into the effects of aspirin and AICAR on BEFV replication through suppression of BEFV-induced autophagy.
Host Genetics Background Influence in the Intragastric Trypanosoma cruzi Infection
Authors: Domingues Carolina Salles , Cardoso Flávia de Oliveira , Hardoim Daiana de Jesus , Pelajo-Machado Marcelo , Bertho Alvaro Luiz , Calabrese Kátia da Silva 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundConsidering the complexity of the factors involved in the immunopathology of Chagas disease, which influence the Chagas’ disease pathogenesis, anti-T. cruzi immune response, and chemotherapy outcome, further studies are needed to improve our understanding about these relationships. On this way, in this article we analyzed the host genetic influence on hematological, histopathological and immunological aspects after T. cruzi infection.MethodsBALB/c and A mice were intragastrically infected with T. cruzi SC2005 strain, isolated from a patient of an outbreak of Chagas disease. Parameters such as parasite load, survival rates, cytokines production, macrophages, T and B cell frequencies, and histopathology analysis were carried out.ResultsBALB/c mice presented higher parasitemia and mortality rates than A mice. Both mouse lineages exhibited hematological alterations suggestive of microcytic hypochromic anemia and histopathological alterations in stomach, heart and liver. The increase of CD8+ T cells, in heart, liver and blood, and the increase of CD19+ B cells, in liver, associated with a high level of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ), confer a resistance profile to the host. Although BALB/c animals exhibited the same findings observed in A mice, the response to infection occurred later, after a considerable parasitemia increase. By developing an early response to the infection, A mice were found to be less susceptible to T. cruzi SC2005 infection.ConclusionsHost genetics background shaping the response to infection. The early development of a cytotoxic cellular response profile with the production of proinflammatory cytokines is important to lead a less severe manifestation of Chagas disease.
Cytomegalovirus-Specific T Cell Epitope Recognition in Congenital Cytomegalovirus Mother-Infant Pairs
Authors: Materne Emma C. , Lilleri Daniele , Garofoli Francesca , Lombardi Giuseppina , Furione Milena , Zavattoni Maurizio , Gibson Laura 
Published: November 2020

Background: Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is the most common infection acquired before birth and from which about 20% of infants develop permanent neurodevelopmental effects regardless of presence or absence of symptoms at birth. Viral escape from host immune control may be a mechanism of CMV transmission and infant disease severity. We sought to identify and compare CMV epitopes recognized by mother-infant pairs. We also hypothesized that if immune escape were occurring, then one pattern of longitudinal CD8 T cell responses restricted by shared HLA alleles would be maternal loss (by viral escape) and infant gain (by viral reversion to wildtype) of CMV epitope recognition.Methods: The study population consisted of 6 women with primary CMV infection during pregnancy and their infants with cCMV infection. CMV UL83 and UL123 peptides with known or predicted restriction by maternal MHC class I alleles were identified, and a subset was selected for testing based on several criteria. Maternal or infant cells were stimulated with CMV peptides in the IFN-γ ELISpot assay.Results: Overall, 14 of 25 (56%; 8 UL83 and 6 UL123) peptides recognized by mother-infant pairs were not previously reported as CD8 T cell epitopes. Of three pairs with longitudinal samples, one showed maternal loss and infant gain of responses to a CMV epitope restricted by a shared HLA allele.Conclusions: CD8 T cell responses to multiple novel CMV epitopes were identified, particularly in infants. Moreover, the hypothesized pattern of CMV immune escape was observed in one mother-infant pair. These findings emphasize that knowledge of paired CMV epitope recognition allows exploration of viral immune escape that may operate within the maternal-fetal system. Our work provides rationale for future studies of this potential mechanism of CMV transmission during pregnancy or clinical outcomes of infants with cCMV infection.
Severity of Anosmia as an Early Symptom of COVID-19 Infection May Predict Lasting Loss of Smell
Authors: Lechien Jerome R. , Journe Fabrice , Hans Stephane , Chiesa-Estomba Carlos M. , Mustin Vincent , Beckers Eline , Vaira Luigi A. , De Riu Giacomo , Hopkins Claire , Saussez Sven 
Published: November 2020

Introduction:To evaluate the recovery rate of loss of smell (LOS) with objective olfactory testing in COVID-19 patients.Methods:Adults with confirmed COVID-19 and self-reported sudden LOS were prospectively recruited through a public call from the University of Mons (Belgium). Epidemiological and clinical data were collected using online patient-reported outcome questionnaires. Patients benefited from objective olfactory evaluation (Sniffin-Sticks-test) and were invited to attend for repeated evaluation until scores returned to normal levels.Results:From March 22 to May 22, 2020, 88 patients with sudden-onset LOS completed the evaluations. LOS developed after general symptoms in 44.6% of cases. Regarding objective evaluation, 22 patients (25.0%) recovered olfaction within 14 days following the onset of LOS. The smell function recovered between the 16th and the 70th day post-LOS in 48 patients (54.5%). At the time of final assessment at 2 months, 20.5% of patients (N= 18) had not achieved normal levels of olfactory function. Higher baseline severity of olfactory loss measured using Sniffin-Sticks was strongly predictive of persistent loss (p&lt; 0.001).Conclusion:In the first 2 months, 79.5% of patients may expect to have complete recovery of their olfactory function. The severity of olfactory loss, as detected at the first Sniffin-Sticks-test, may predict the lack of mid-term recovery.
Fibrotic Changes Depicted by Thin-Section CT in Patients With COVID-19 at the Early Recovery Stage: Preliminary Experience
Authors: Yang Zhen Lu , Chen Chong , Huang Lu , Zhou Shu Chang , Hu Yu Na , Xia Li Ming , Li Yan 
Published: November 2020

Objectives: To analyze follow-up CTs of patients recovering from COVID-19 in Wuhan, focusing on fibrotic change and its relevant risk factors.Methods: From January 13 to February 27, 2020, 166 hospitalized patients meeting our criteria were included. The scores of fibrotic patterns on follow-up CT were evaluated. Patients were designated as group 1 (with CT evidence of fibrotic pattern) and group 2 (without CT evidence of fibrotic pattern). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to explore risk factors for fibrotic change in patients with COVID-19.Results: The follow-up CTs were obtained on 56 days (median, IQR 51–63 days) after symptom onset. Of the 166 patients (mean age, 57 ± 15 years; 69/166 male), 46% (76/166) had CT evidence of fibrotic change and 77% (127/166) were severe or critical cases. Among patients with fibrotic change on CT, 84% (64/76) got a minimal or mild score of fibrosis. The high total score on peak CT, peak eosinophils, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and advancing age were related to lung fibrotic change in patients with COVID-19.Conclusion: Forty six percentages of patients (mainly severe or critical cases) with COVID-19 showed fibrotic change on follow-up CT at early recovery phase, while the extent of fibrosis was not large. The advancing age, high total score on peak CT, peak eosinophils and ESR were associated with fibrotic change depicted by CT in patients recovering from COVID-19. An extended follow up by CT imaging and pulmonary function testing is necessary to fully assess the sequela of COVID-19.
Association of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 and Cellular Fibronectin and Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Lu , Deng Linghui , Yuan Ruozhen , Liu Junfeng , Li Yuxiao , Liu Ming 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The role of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and cellular fibronectin (c-Fn) in acute ischemic stroke is controversial. We systematically reviewed the literature to investigate the association of circulating MMP-9 and c-Fn levels and MMP-9 rs3918242 polymorphism with the risk of three outcome measures after stroke.Methods: We searched English and Chinese databases to identify eligible studies. Outcomes included severe brain edema, hemorrhagic transformation, and poor outcome (modified Rankin scale score ≥3). We estimated standardized mean differences (SMDs) and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: Totally, 28 studies involving 7,239 patients were included in the analysis of circulating MMP-9 and c-Fn levels. Meta-analysis indicated higher levels of MMP-9 in patients with severe brain edema (SMD, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.18–1.35; four studies, 419 patients) and hemorrhagic transformation (SMD, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.41–1.59; 11 studies, 1,709 patients) but not poor outcome (SMD, 0.30; 95% CI, −0.12 to 0.72; four studies, 759 patients). Circulating c-Fn levels were also significantly higher in patients with severe brain edema (SMD, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.18–1.93; four studies, 419 patients), hemorrhagic transformation (SMD, 1.75; 95% CI, 0.72–2.78; four studies, 458 patients), and poor outcome (SMD, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.16–0.76; two studies, 210 patients). Meta-analysis of three studies indicated that the MMP-9 rs3918242 polymorphism may be associated with hemorrhagic transformation susceptibility under the dominant model (TT + CT vs. CC: OR, 0.621; 95% CI, 0.424–0.908; P = 0.014). No studies reported the association between MMP-9 rs3918242 polymorphism and brain edema or functional outcome after acute stroke.Conclusion: Our meta-analysis showed that higher MMP-9 levels were seen in stroke patients with severe brain edema and hemorrhagic transformation but not poor outcome. Circulating c-Fn levels appear to be associated with all three outcomes including severe brain edema, hemorrhagic transformation, and poor functional outcome. The C-to-T transition at the MMP-9 rs3918242 gene appears to reduce the risk of hemorrhagic transformation.
Concomitant Immunosuppressive Therapy Use in Eculizumab-Treated Adults With Generalized Myasthenia Gravis During the REGAIN Open-Label Extension Study
Authors: Nowak Richard J. , Muppidi Srikanth , Beydoun Said R. , O'Brien Fanny L. , Yountz Marcus , Howard James F. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction:Chronic, broad-spectrum immunosuppressive therapy (IST) can be associated with side effects in many people with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), and treatment guidelines recommend that the IST dose be tapered once patients achieve a stable treatment response. We therefore examined IST use in eculizumab-treated patients with refractory gMG.Methods:The REGAIN open-label extension (OLE) enrolled 117 adults with refractory anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive gMG who had completed the 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled REGAIN study of eculizumab. Eligible patients had received ≥2 ISTs for ≥1 year or ≥1 IST with intravenous immunoglobulin or plasma exchange ≥4 times in 1 year, without symptom control. During REGAIN, changes in concomitant MG therapies were not permitted; during the OLE, they were permitted at the investigators' discretion. Participants received eculizumab 1,200 mg every 2 weeks for up to 4 years; concomitant prednisone and related corticosteroids (PRED), azathioprine (AZA), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) use was recorded. Changes in MG Activities of Daily Living and Quantitative MG total scores, MG exacerbations, and adverse events were also recorded.Results:At last OLE assessment, 88.0% (103/117) of participants were using ≥1 IST vs. 98.3% (115/117) at OLE baseline. During the OLE, 76.9% (90/117) of patients experienced a total of 719 IST changes. Almost half of participants [48.7% (57/117)] stopped or decreased ≥1 IST owing to MG symptom improvement, representing 38.9% (280/719) of all changes. In patients who decreased and/or stopped ≥1 IST, mean daily doses of PRED, AZA, and MMF decreased between OLE baseline and last assessment by 60.8% [standard deviation (SD), 28.07;P&lt; 0.0001], 89.1% (SD, 25.77;P&lt; 0.0001), and 56.0% (SD, 32.99;P&lt; 0.0001), respectively. Improved clinical outcomes were observed with eculizumab regardless of IST changes during the OLE, and eculizumab's safety profile was similar in patients who used PRED, AZA, and MMF.Conclusions:Use of ISTs by patients with previously refractory gMG decreased during eculizumab treatment in the REGAIN OLE. Clinical improvements with eculizumab were maintained by patients in all groups, including those who decreased and/or stopped concomitant ISTs.Trial registration:www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01997229, NCT02301624.
Hybrid Recanalization for the Treatment of Carotid/Vertebral In-stent Restenosis or Occlusion: Pilot Surgery Experiences From One Single Center
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhao Peng , Sun Tao , Han Mengtao , Wang Yunyan , Wu Wei , Li Xingang , Wang Donghai 
Published: November 2020

Background : The hybrid recanalization of internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA) in-stent restenosis or occlusion using a combination of endarterectomy and endovascular intervention has achieved technical success. We present our surgical experiences to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of the hybrid technique for the treatment of in-stent restenosis and occlusion.Methods : A cohort of 12 refractory patients with in-stent restenosis or occlusion who underwent hybrid recanalization, a combination of endarterectomy and endovascular intervention, were retrospectively analyzed. Medical records, including presenting symptoms, comorbidities, contralateral ICA/VA findings, use of antiplatelet drugs, postoperative complications, and angiographic outcomes, were collected.Results : Among 415 consecutive patients with ICA, common carotid artery, and V1 segment lesions, 12 refractory patients (2.89%) with 13 cases were enrolled in our study (1 female and 11 male). All patients underwent successful hybrid recanalization. There were no cases of postoperative stroke or death. Only two patients sustained hoarseness, but it resolved within 2 weeks after surgery. Three patients were treated with dual antiplatelet (aspirin and clopidogrel), seven with single antiplatelet (aspirin), one with single antiplatelet (clopidogrel), and one with single antiplatelet (ticagrelor). All patients were followed up in the outpatient department according to the protocol, with a mean follow-up period of 13 months (range, 6–24 months). No death or recurrent symptoms occurred during the regular follow-up period.Conclusion : The hybrid technique maybe a safe and feasible treatment option to recanalize in-stent restenosis or occlusion with acceptable complications.