bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covert Movement in Multiple‐WhQuestions: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations
Authors: Shlonsky Ur , Villata Sandra , Franck Julie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResults from a new grammaticality‐judgment experiment in French confirm the published finding in English that sentences containing a Superiority violation involving a bare extracted element and a lexically restricted intervener (e.g., ‘What did which student buy?’), a configuration termedinverse inclusion, are more acceptable than those involving a lexically restricted extracted element and a bare intervener (e.g., ‘Which book did who buy’), a configuration termedinclusion. To account for this pattern, we adopt an explicit implementation of covert movement and propose some modifications in the characterization of the class of interveners. Interestingly, experimental findings on extraction fromwhislands attest the opposite pattern: there, inclusion is more acceptable than inverse inclusion. We argue that whereas (overt) extraction fromwhislands is sensitive to the feature content of the extractee and the intervener (i.e., whether or not they are lexically restricted), the degree of (un)acceptability of Superiority violations hinges on the different landing‐site options that the features of the extractee and the intervener permit.
Sterile or nonantibiotic‐responsive pustular dermatitis and canine leishmaniosis: a 14 case series description and a statistical association study on 2420 cases
Authors: Bardagí Mar , Monaco Moira , Fondevila Dolors 
Published: January 2020

RésuméContexteAucune donnée déterminante, clinique ou histopathologique de la dermatite pustuleuse (PustD) du chien atteint de leishmaniose canine (CanL) n'a été identifiée; aucune association entre CanL et PustD n'a été démontrée.ObjectifsCaractériser une série de chiens atteints par CanL et PustD prurigineuse et évaluer une association possible entre les deux conditions.SujetsQuatorze chiens et un recueil de 2 420 cas.Matériels et méthodesUne étude rétrospective clinique et histopathologique a été menée sur 14 chiens. Une immunohistochimie (IHC) Leishmania et une PCR en temps réel pour L. infantum sur des biopsies cutanées ont été réalisées. Une association de PustD avec CanL a été testée avec un test de Fischer à l'aide des données médicales des 2 420 cas.RésultatsLes chiens étaient caractérisés : cliniquement par une dermatite prurigineuse généralisée stérile ou une dermatite papulo‐pustuleuse ne répondant pas aux antibiotiques; et par histopathologie par des pustules neutrophiliques et une dermatite périvasculaire mastocytaire et neutrophilique avec vasodilatation et oedème. L’IHC a montré des leishmanies amastigotes dans six cas et la PCR était positive dans trois des huit cas IHC négatifs. Les traitements anti‐leishmanie et immunomodulateurs ont contrôlé les signes cliniques. La différence de fréquence de PustD chez les chiens avec CanL et sans CanL était statistiquement significative (P < 0.001).ConclusionsUne association existe entre PustD et CanL. Au moins dans les zones d'endémie de Leishmania, CanL devrait être exclue avant tout traitement immunosuppresseur chez les chiens avec PustD avec les caractéristiques précédentes. Grader la CanL à l'aide de procédures diagnostiques telles que IHC et PCR est recommandé. Un traitement anti‐Leishmania et de courtes à moyennes périodes d'anti‐inflammatoires ou d'immunomodulateurs sont efficaces pour contrôler les signes cliniques de PustD.
Direct comparison of three residual risk models for hepatitis B virus window period infections using updated input parameters
Authors: Lelie Nico , Vermeulen Marion , van Drimmelen Harry , Coleman Charl , Bruhn Roberta , Reddy Ravi , Busch Michael , Kleinman Steve 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesComparison of two models for estimating residual transfusion transmission risk by NAT screened window period (WP) donations in South African repeat donors gave identical results for HIV but not for HBV. In order to understand discrepant HBV modelling outcomes, the values of input parameters in three HBV WP risk models were reviewed and subsequently applied to the same South African screening data generated by HBsAg PRISM and two NAT assays (Ultrio and Ultrio Plus). Two of the models were also compared using individual donation (ID)‐NAT screening data from different geographical regions.MethodsValues of input parameters were derived from two published data sources and used in three risk models [(1) the incidence rate–WP risk day equivalent model, (2) the NAT yield WP ratio model and (3) the anti‐HBc‐negative HBsAg yield period ratio model] and subsequently applied to the same ID‐NAT screening data.ResultsThe HBV WP transmission risk in South African repeat donations during a one‐year Ultrio Plus NAT screening period was estimated as 22, 43 and 17 per million, respectively, for the three models, as compared to 56, 117 and 48 per million for HBsAg PRISM screening. The approximate two‐fold higher estimate calculated with the NAT yield WP ratio model was corroborated in repeat donations from three of four regions in a multi‐regional study. When another set of model input values (with shorter viraemia periods and a higher proportion of acute occult infections) was applied to the South African screening data, the relative difference in risk estimates between the three models became smaller.ConclusionsWindow period risk modelling for HBV is more complex than for HIV. Multiple factors affect the modelling outcomes. These include the values used for the length of transient HBsAg and HBV‐DNA‐positive phases, the proportion of acute occult and vaccine breakthrough infections and the assumption of random appearance of donors throughout the entire acute resolving infection phase. A substantial proportion of HBV WP NAT yields have very low viral load and lack donor follow‐up data calling into question their definitive classification into the early acute (infectious) replication stage. Since these possible WP NAT yields most highly impact the NAT yield WP ratio model, we recommend relying on the more conservative estimates of the incidence rate–WP risk day equivalent model.
Application Scope of Limit Load Criterion for Ductile Material Pipes With Circumferentially External Cracks
Authors: Hasegawa Kunio , Li Yinsheng , Lacroix Valery , Mares Vratislav 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Bending stress at plastic collapse for a circumferentially cracked pipe is predicted by limit load criterion provided by the Appendix C of the ASME Code Section XI. The equation of the Appendix C is applicable for pipes with both external and internal surface cracks. On the other hand, the authors have developed a more precise equation taking into account the pipe mean radii at noncracked area and at cracked ligament area. From the comparison of Appendix C equation and the new equation, the plastic collapse stress estimated by the Appendix C equation gives about 20% less conservative bending capacity prediction for external cracked pipes with large crack angle and small Rm/t, where Rm is the pipe mean radius and t is the pipe wall thickness. This paper discusses the limitation scope to use the limit load criterion of the Appendix C equation.
Adaptive Inspirational Design Stimuli: Using Design Output to Computationally Search for Stimuli That Impact Concept Generation
Authors: Goucher-Lambert Kosa , Gyory Joshua T. , Kotovsky Kenneth , Cagan Jonathan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Design activity can be supported using inspirational stimuli (e.g., analogies, patents) by helping designers overcome impasses or in generating solutions with more positive characteristics during ideation. Design researchers typically generate inspirational stimuli a priori in order to investigate their impact. However, for a chosen stimulus to possess maximal utility, it should automatically reflect the current and ongoing progress of the designer. In this work, designers receive computationally selected inspirational stimuli midway through an ideation session in response to the contents of their current solution. Sourced from a broad database of related example solutions, the semantic similarity between the content of the current design and concepts within the database determines which potential stimulus is received. Designers receive a particular stimulus based on three experimental conditions: a semantically near stimulus, a semantically far stimulus, or no stimulus (control). Results indicate that adaptive inspirational stimuli can be determined using latent semantic analysis (LSA) and that semantic similarity measures are a promising approach for real-time monitoring of the design process. The ability to achieve differentiable near versus far stimuli was validated using both semantic cosine similarity values and participant self-response ratings. As a further contribution, this work also explores the impact of different types of adaptive inspirational stimuli on design outcomes using a newly introduced “design innovation” measure. The design innovation measure mathematically captures the overall goodness of a design concept by uniquely combining expert ratings across easier to evaluate subdimensions of feasibility, usefulness, and novelty. While results demonstrate that near inspirational stimuli increase the feasibility of design solutions, they also show the significant impact of the overall inspirational stimulus innovativeness on final design outcomes. In fact, participants are more likely to generate innovative final design solutions when given innovative inspirational stimuli, regardless of their experimental condition.
Solar Perforated Panels Installed on a Window With Different Perforation Ratios: Energy and Illuminance Analyses
Authors: Alawadhi Esam M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Daylight is utilized in a green building to minimize the energy usage and maximize the comfort of the residents. Daylight provides the comfort to the residents by naturally illuminating the interior space, and reduces energy consumed by artificial lightings. However, daylight increases the energy for cooling, and discomfort visual condition. Two panels with square holes are installed externally on a west-facing façade window. The perforation ratio of panels is 25%, and all experimental measurements are conducted in June. When no solar perforated panel in installed, measured illuminance in the room reaches as high as 13,000 Lux, and with a one solar perforated panel is installed, the peak illuminance in the room is decreased 90%. If the second solar perforated panel is installed, the illuminance in the room becomes uniform, and around 200 Lux. Moreover, the illuminance is nearly independent with time, between 2 PM and 5 PM.
Modeling the Creep Damage of P91 Steel Using Peridynamics
Authors: Kulkarni Shank S. , Tabarraei Alireza , Wang Xiaonan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Creep is an important failure mechanism of metal components working at a high temperature. To ensure the structural integrity and safety of systems working at high temperature it is essential to predict failure due to creep. Classical continuum based damage models are used widely for modeling creep damage. A more recently developed non-local mechanics formulation called peridynamics has displayed better performance in modeling damage with respect to classical local mechanics methods. In this paper, the peridynamic formulation is extended to model creep in metals. We have chosen Liu-Murakami creep model for developing a peridynamic formulation for modeling creep. The proposed formulation is validated by simulating creep tests for P91 steel and comparing the results with experimental data from the literature.
A Nonlinear Visco-Hyper Elastic Constitutive Model for Modeling Behavior of Polyurea at Large Deformations
Authors: Kulkarni Shank S. , Tabarraei Alireza 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The fantastic properties of polyurea such as flexibility, durability, and chemical resistance have brought it a wide range of application in various industries. Effective prediction of the response of polyurea under different loading and environmental conditions necessitates the development of an accurate constitutive model. Similar to most polymers, the behavior of polyurea depends on both the strain and strain rate. Therefore, the constitutive model should be able to capture both these effects on the response of polyurea. To achieve this objective, in this paper, a nonlinear visco-hyper elastic constitutive model is developed by the superposition of a hyperelastic and a viscoelastic model. The proposed constitutive model can capture the behavior of polyurea under compressive as well as tensile loading conditions at various strain rates. Four parameter Ogden model is used to model the hyperelastic behavior of polyurea. The viscoelastic behavior is modeled using a three-parameter standard linear solid (SLS) model. The material parameters of the model are found by curve fitting of the proposed model to the experimental data. Comparison of the proposed model and the experimental data shows that the proposed model can closely reproduce the stress-strain behavior of polyurea under a wide range of strain rates (−6500 to 294 /s).
Modeling and Simulation of a Superconductive Linear Motor
Authors: Al-Allaq Aiman , Jaksic Nebojsa 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Recent work and advances have showed great development in the field of linear motors, one being the integration of superconductors with the design and implementation of linear motors. In this approach, instead of using the traditional metallic conductors for the motor stator and rotor (to create the electromagnetic core), it was proposed, that the use of superconductor wires would yield greater and more efficient motors. One of the advantages of having perfect conductivity is stronger and more consistent magnetic field for the motor, allowing by that greater transitional speeds. However, until now, there have been no reported designs that could be used in real-world applications. This work is based on an existing design. However, we create a design model of functional linear induction motor using high temperature superconductor wires for the magnetic core. Moreover, a comparison is made between the actual performance specifications (core current, magnetic flux, and magnetic force), with those obtained from experimental simulation methods (using ANSYS Electromagnetic suit or COMSOL Multiphysics software packages). The design model is tested to verify the simulation results, and its suitability for engineering applications.
Teaching Capstone Thermal Systems Design Using ANSYS ICEPAK Based Projects
Authors: Anderson Kevin R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper describes the use of ANSYS ICEPAK software in teaching a senior level capstone thermal systems design course in a Mechanical Engineering curriculum. The use of ANSYS ICEPAK software tools in the thermal design course allows our undergraduates the preparation they need to become competitive and productive in today’s private industry sector. The paradigm of learn-by-doing adopted by the college is used in the thermal design course by exposing students to the use of ANSYS ICEPAK software in order to complete a design project in the thermal design course. The senior level capstone thermal design course is a three-unit semester course. Students are broken into teams and are tasked to solve a variety of thermal-fluid, heat transfer related design problem scenarios. The student teams are tasked to design an electronic systems thermal management system using PCBS, fans, heat sinks, heat pipes, etc. in order to meet a set of pre-defined requirements. In this manner, the use of the ICEPAK projects serves to build the soft skills (report writing and technical presentation) of the students. This paper will include examples of ANSYS ICEPAK based thermal design projects and methods of assessment and illustrations of how the thermal design course addresses the Mechanical Engineering program’s ABET objectives and outcomes related to senior design capstone design courses.
Numerical Comparisons of Heat Transfer From a Single Jet Emanating From a Slot Nozzle Impinging on an Isothermal Plate
Authors: Tibabisco Cristian , Vargas-Díaz Salvador , Salamah Samir A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Impingement jets are used in different cooling applications where it is required to remove large amounts of heat. Heat transfer in the stagnation point for a single jet impinging on an isothermal plate is investigated with four turbulence models. Two models are RANS (Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes): Transition SST and Transition κ–κl–ω. The other two models are URANS (Unsteady Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes): SAS and DES-SST. This paper explores the best turbulence model for thermal design and cooling purposes. Results are validated with experimental data reported by Gardon & Akfirat. These four turbulence models are available in the commercial CFD software package ANSYS FLUENT 18.1. Special attention is paid to the heat transfer in the impingement region through evaluation of Nusselt number in the stagnation point. Different dimensionless nozzle-to-plate distances are considered in this work (z/b = 14 to z/b = 40), and two different Reynolds numbers are used Re = 11,000 y Re = 22,000. Three turbulence models are within reasonable accuracy (10%) of the experimental data, but some turbulence models have problems with convergence and grid independence, especially the URANS models. Based on these results, the best turbulence model for applications in heating and cooling systems where impingement heat transfer is critical is the Transition κ–κl–ω.
Enhancing the Frictional Behaviour of H-BN Reinforced Nanocomposites Through Laser Shock Peening
Authors: Joel J. , Anthony Xavior M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this research work, LM6 Aluminum alloy based metal matrix composites reinforced with varying amounts (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 wt%) of boron nitride (BN) having 10 to 30 nanometers average size were developed by using powder metallurgy and squeeze casting routes. The mechanical and tribological properties are analyzed for the samples developed through the two different routes and the influence of the process on the properties is discussed. Thus developed nano composite is studied for the effect of weight percentage addition of nano H-BN particle on the bulk and surface properties. Mechanical testing and advanced characterization methods are used to study the effect of the nano H-BN addition to the matrix material and to evaluate the composite for its suitability as a potential friction material used in strategic sectors. It has been inferred that the presence of nano H-BN have improved the bulk and surface properties. Further, it has been established that the powder metallurgy route has some favorable results when compared to squeeze casting in terms of certain properties. Thus fabricated composites were subjected to laser shock peening process to study its impact on the surface and wear characteristics. The 0.6 wt% H-BN reinforced composites fabricated separately by Powder metallurgy and Squeeze casting method are exposed to laser shock peening process and it was inferred that there is a significant improvement on the surface and wear properties when compared to normal specimen.
Ultrasonic Characterization of the Elastic Constants in an Aging Ti-6Al-4V ELI Alloy
Authors: Carreon Hector 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we report the experimental data of the elastic properties of the young and shear modulus based on the variation in the ultrasonic velocity parameter during the microstructural evolution in a Ti-6Al-4V alloy with two varying microstructures, bimodal and acicular respectively. The two different initial microstructures, were treated thermally by aging at 515°C, 545°C and 575°C at different times from 1 min to 576hr to induce a precipitation process. Ultrasonic measurements of shear and longitudinal wave velocities, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image processing, optical microscopy (OM) and microhardness were performed, establishing a direct correlation with the measurements of the ultrasonic velocity and the elastic properties developed during the thermal treatment of the artificial aging. The results of the ultrasonic velocity show a very clear trend as the aging time progresses, which is affected by precipitation of Ti3Al particles inside the α phase. In this way, we can know, in a fast and efficient way, the elastic properties developed during the heat treatment of aging at long times, since the presence of these precipitates hardens the material microstructure affecting the final mechanical properties.
Verification of CFD Prediction Accuracy of Flow Turbulence Induced Vibration Loadings Around a Pipe Bend
Authors: Hu Xidong , Qian Shaoxiang , Matsuura Kota , Kataoka Shunji 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Bends widely used in process piping systems can cause strong pressure fluctuations on pipe wall for a high-velocity flow, and hence, flow induced vibration (FIV) of piping occurs. Currently, the FIV assessment is made primarily based on the guideline published by Energy Institute. However, it is based on very conservative assumptions, and thus, results in excessive design of piping systems. The coupling analysis of CFD/FEA (Computational Fluid Dynamics/Finite Element Analysis) is expected to be a useful approach for more proper FIV assessment. The present study mainly aims at verifying CFD prediction accuracy of wall pressure fluctuations or FIV loadings around a pipe bend.
In CFD benchmark study, large eddy simulations (LES) with dynamic Smagorinsky model (DSM) were performed for a 90° mitred bend used in the experiments in literature, under two different flow velocity conditions. The benchmark simulation results show that the power spectral density (PSD) of the LES-predicted wall pressure fluctuations at the sampling locations is near to the experimental results with moderate conservativeness desirable for engineering applications. Also, the LES-predicted peak frequencies are close to the experimental data. Therefore, it is suggested that the applied numerical approaches be applicable to predict the FIV loadings with moderately high accuracy for engineering applications.
Enhancing the Cell Viability in High Throughput Deterministic Lateral Displacement Separation of Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Aghilinejad Arian , Landry Christopher , Cha George , Chen Xiaolin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cancer is among a major health concerns all over the world. Cancer metastasis, which defines as the migration of malignant cells from original sites to distant organs, is the main reason of death due to cancer and there is growing evidence that Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) are responsible for initiating the metastasis. Due to the importance of these bioparticles in biotechnology and medicine, there is a growing interest to study and separate them through different techniques especially microfluidic label-free technologies. One such technology, termed Deterministic Lateral Displacement (DLD) has recently shown promising abilities to separate cells and particles of different sizes. However, DLD is a separation method that takes advantages of the predictable flow laminae of low Reynolds number (Re) fluid flow. In order to achieve higher device throughput, effects of higher Reynolds number flow on DLD device should be studied. Additionally, the higher flow rates would apply higher forces and shear stresses on the cells which threaten the cell’s viability. In this study, employing numerical simulation, the effect of high Re number on DLD device for separating cancer cells has been investigated. Specifically, we conducted force analysis and by focusing on the downstream gap distance between the posts, we improved the device which results in less cell deformation. Our developed numerical model and presented results lay the groundwork for design and fabrication of high-throughput DLD microchips for enhanced separation of CTCs.