bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0235 Sleep Duration and Timing Associated with Eating Behaviors: Data from NHANES 2015–2016
Authors: Bombarda A , St-Onge M , Seixas A , Williams N , Jean-Louis G , Killgore W D , Wills C C , Grandner M A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Previous studies have shown that, in the laboratory, sleep deprivation leads to unhealthy eating patterns. In real-world samples, lack of sleep is associated with obesity. Few real-world studies of sleep and food intake patterns exist, especially from nationally-representative samples.

Methods
Data from the 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used. NHANES is a national-representative survey collected by the CDC. N=6,291 participants provided data about dietary behaviors and sleep timing. Dietary behaviors included the number of meals not made at home in the past 7 days (NOTHOME), number of fast food/pizza meals in the past 7 days (FASTFOOD), number of pre-made meals in the past 30 days (PREMADE), and number of frozen meals in the past 30 days (FROZEN). Linear regression models examined these as outcomes and predictors including bedtime (minutes), waketime (minutes), sleep duration (hours), and daytime tiredness/fatigue (never, rarely, sometimes, often). Covariates included age, sex, education, income/poverty ratio, race/ethnicity, and body mass index.

Results
Number of meals not made at home (NOTHOME) was associated with a later bedtime (B=2.25, p=0.01) and shorter sleep duration (B=-0.12, p=0.01). FASTFOOD was associated with shorter sleep (B=-0.13,p=0.003) and tiredness/sleepiness sometimes (B=0.77, p=0.007) and often (B=0.55, p=0.03). FROZEN meals were associated with a later waketime (B=3.31, p=0.003) and tiredness/sleepiness sometime (B=1.20, p=0.025) and often (B=1.60, p=0.04). A sleep duration by bedtime interaction was not significant for any outcomes. In models that included overall levels of anxiety, these relationships were maintained.

Conclusion
This is one of the largest studies to show that habitual sleep patterns are associated with real-world food choices. In particular, shorter sleep duration and tiredness/sleepiness are associated with more ready-made and fast food meals. It is possible that lack of sleep leads to worse food choices, or that stress leads to both lack of sleep and easier food options. Given the often poor nutritive value of foods consumed outside the home and pre-prepared foods, these associations may in part explain the influence of sleep on cardiometabolic risk factors.

Support
Dr. Grandner is supported by R01MD011600
0247 Executive Function and Social-Cognitive Predictors of Behavioral Sleep Restriction
Authors: Irish L A , Mead M P , Veronda A C , van Lamsweerde A E , Gunstad J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Although insufficient sleep is a global public health concern, the causes of insufficient sleep in the general population are variable and complex. A substantial number of individuals engage in behavioral sleep restriction (BSR), defined as limiting nocturnal time in bed to less than the recommended total sleep time, but little is known about the factors that influence BSR. Notably, the impact of cognitive processes on BSR has not been empirically tested, though processes such as executive function (EF) and social-cognitive beliefs are clearly relevant to other health-related behaviors. This study sought to investigate the extent to which EF and social-cognitive factors predict BSR.

Methods
Participants included 205 healthy adults aged 18–35. EFs (i.e., inhibitory control, working memory, cognitive flexibility) were assessed with a neurocognitive task battery and social-cognitive factors (i.e., attitudes, norms, perceived behavioral control) related to healthy sleep duration were self-reported, followed by 1 week of actigraphy. BSR was represented as the number of nights that actigraphy-estimated time in bed was fewer than 8 hours.

Results
On average, participants engaged in BSR 3 nights per week. Hierarchical linear regressions were tested separately for EFs and social-cognitive factors. Results revealed that, after controlling for general intelligence, EF did not predict BSR. In contrast, social-cognitive factors did predict BSR (F(202,3)=8.71, p&lt;001), with both attitudes (&#946;=.20, p=.005) and perceived behavioral control (&#946;=.15, p&lt;.001) emerging as significant predictors. Interactions between EFs and social-cognitive factors were also explored, suggesting interactions between inhibitory control and perceived behavioral control (p=.03) as well as cognitive flexibility and attitudes (p=.05).

Conclusion
Taken together, these results highlight the high frequency of BSR and the role that social-cognitive factors may play in facilitating BSR among adults who may otherwise obtain healthy sleep. Efforts to promote sleep health in the general population would benefit from greater understanding of modifiable factors that increase BSR.

Support
This research was supported by an Institutional Development Award (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant number 5P30GM114748.
0299 Total Sleep Deprivation and Time on Task: Not the Same for Sustained Attention and Executive Processes and Poor Benefit of Caffeine
Authors: Erblang M , Quiquempoix M , Vergez A , Van Beers P , Guillard M , Elbaz M , Drogou C , Léger D , Chennaoui M , Sauvet F , Rabat A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Mental Fatigue is commonly questioned regarding time on task or sleep debt effect (Hockey, 2013; Pattyn et al., 2018) or sleep debt effect (Krause et al., 2017). No studies have neither investigated contributions of these two factors for different cognitive processes nor benefit of caffeine.

Methods
24 right-handed and healthy subjects (18–50 years old), with a median chronotype and sleep need participated in a 2-experimental counter-balanced (placebo: PBO and caffeine: COFFEE - 2.5 mg/kg) total sleep deprivation protocol (TSD = 27 hours of continuous wakefulness). Subjective sleepiness (KSS), sustained attention (PC-PVT), inhibition (Go-NoGo) and working memory (2N-Back) capabilities were tested each morning during BASE and TSD (10 min. test session from 9:15 am to 10:15 am). Caffeine was ingested with a decaffeinated drink at 8:30 am.

Results
KSS score (5.6±0.4 vs 3.2±0.3; p&lt;0.001), number of Lapses (9.8±1.7 vs 0.4±0.2; p&lt;0.001), mean response time (RT: 308±4.9 vs 260±9.4; p&lt;0.001) in PVT, errors of commission (6.4±0.4 vs 3.1±0.3; p&lt;0.01) and mean response time (RT: 336±24 vs 301±13; p&lt;0.01) in Go-NoGo were significantly higher after TSD compared to BASE. Neither significant difference in the proportion of correct responses (CR: 0.92±0.015 vs 0.90±0.014; p&gt;0.15) nor RT (592±49 vs 640±28 ms, p &gt; 0,11), were observed in the 2N-Back task. Further analyses showed different TOT x TSD interaction for PVT (after 3 min of task engagement), Go-NoGo (after 6 min) and 2N-Back (after 8 min). Number of Lapses was significantly but partially reduced (5.8±0.4 vs 9.8±1.7; p&lt;0.01) in COFFEE condition compared with PBO with more aversive effects for Go-NoGo errors and 2N-Back BR.

Conclusion
Our results are in accordance with previous studies showing differential kinetic of cognitive deficits under TSD, limited benefit of sleep banking and regular physical activity (Arnal et al., 2015; Rabat et al., 2019; Sauvet et al., 2019) and no benefit of caffeine on executive processes (Gottsellig et coll., 2006; Killgore et coll., 2007, 2012).
Keywords: TSD, TOT, Attention, Executive, Caffeine.

Support
Grants from the French General Directorate for Armament (Contract Number: SAN-1–509).
0309 Stress Induced Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation in the Basal Forebrain is a Result of Sleep Loss
Authors: Chiem E , Nichols I , Paul K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The mechanisms underlying the reciprocal relationship between stress and sleep are unclear. Nitric oxide, a diffusible signaling molecule, plays an important role in physiological stress responses and sleep. The medial septum (MS) and vertical diagonal band (VDB) are sleep regulatory regions of the basal forebrain whose cells express nitric oxide synthase (NOS). In this study, we examined the effects of sleep loss and restraint stress on NOS activation in the MS and VDB.

Methods
Adult male and female C57BL/J6 mice were randomly assigned to a control, total sleep deprivation (TSD), or restraint stress group. TSD was performed for 6h using gentle handling, and restraint was performed for 6h by immobilizing the mice in a plastic restraint device. Both procedures began at light onset in a 12:12 light:dark cycle. Immediately following the procedures, mice were sacrificed, and NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) was measured in the MS and VDB to determine NOS activity.

Results
A multivariate ANOVA revealed main effects of TSD and restraint stress on NADPH-d in the MS (F(2,13) = 7.0921, p = 0.011) and VDB (F(2,13)=6.416, p = 0.014) in females. A post hoc analysis showed a significant difference between control and TSD (p = 0.011 (MS), p = 0.014 (VDB)), and between control and restraint (p = 0.032 (MS), p = 0.048 (VDB)), but no significant difference between TSD and restraint. There is a sex difference in NADPH-d in these regions (p &lt; 0.005) that reverses direction following TSD and restraint stress.

Conclusion
Our findings provide evidence that NOS activity in the basal forebrain may underlie sex differences in stress responses. Since there is no significant difference between the TSD and restraint stress, this suggests that the effect of restraint stress on NOS activation is a result of sleep loss, and not due to induction of a stress mechanism.

Support
This study was partly funded by R01-NS078410 and UCLA start-up funds.
0311 The Impairments in Emotional Perception Following Total Sleep Deprivation and the Restorative Effects of Napping and Time of Day
Authors: Cunningham T J , Bottary R M , Kensinger E A , Stickgold R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The ability to perceive emotions is a socially-relevant skill critical for healthy interpersonal functioning, while deficits in this ability are associated with psychopathology. Total sleep deprivation (TSD) has been shown to have deleterious effects on emotion perception, yet the extent to which these impairments persist across the day with continued wakefulness, or if brief periods of recovery sleep can restore emotion perception abilities, remains unexplored.

Methods
Participants viewed slideshows of faces ranging in emotional expression and were asked to categorize (Happy, Sad, Angry, Neutral) and rate the emotional intensity (1-9) of each face at baseline (2100; Session 1), at 0900 (Session 2) following a night of sleep or TSD, and at 1400 (Session 3) following either continued wakefulness (wake group) or a 90-minute nap opportunity (nap group).

Results
Emotion categorization ability marginally improved from Session 1 to Session 2 following overnight sleep, however, no changes in emotion intensity ratings or vigilance were observed. TSD led to an increase in error rates during vigilance testing [t(46)=2.9, p=0.005] and impairment in emotion categorization ability [t(46)=5.5, p&lt;0.001] from Session 1 to Session 2, although by Session 3 performance levels on both measures returned to baseline for all TSD participants. TSD also led to a decrease in emotional intensity ratings from Session 1 to Session 2, particularly for the highest tertile of emotional faces [6-9; t(46)=6.1, p&lt;0.001]. These ratings remained suppressed at Session 3 in both the wake [t(25)=7.8, p&lt;0.001] and nap [t(18)=3.1, p=0.006] groups.

Conclusion
These results indicate that time of day effects, with or without any additional benefit of a nap, can restore the impairments in vigilance and emotional categorization caused by TSD. The ability to discriminate levels of emotional intensity, however, is not restored by time of day or napping, suggesting that this ability is more sensitive to the impact of TSD.

Support
0312 Performance on a Cognitive Interference Task in Children After One-Night of Sleep Restriction
Authors: de Queiroz Campos G , Dickstein D P , Carskadon M A , Saletin J M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Short sleep contributes to attention failure in conditions such as ADHD. Whether sleep loss affects attentional processes as a task varies in cognitive interference is unclear. We used a multi-source interference task (MSIT) in a sleep restriction paradigm in children with a range of ADHD symptoms to examine how short sleep disrupts attention in these youth.

Methods
Thirteen children (7F, 11.7±1.28 years) with a range of ADHD symptom severity completed a repeated-measures experiment on two consecutive nights in the laboratory: baseline (BSLN; 9.5h time-in-bed) and sleep restriction (SR; 4h time-in-bed). Each morning they took part in an fMRI session including the MSIT, in which participants respond to a series of 3-digit numbers by indicating which digit is different on no-interference (e.g., 003; correct=3) or interference (e.g., 311, correct=3) trials. Performance measures were inverse reaction time (1/RT) and accuracy. A two-way within-subject ANOVA assessed performance across interference and sleep conditions respectively.

Results
1/RT showed main-effects of sleep loss (BSLN vs. SR; F(1,148)=4.01;p&lt;0.05;η 2=0.026) and trial type (no-interference vs. interference; F(1,148)=24.7;p&lt;0.001;η 2=0.143). Responses were slower for interference (BSLN RT: 799.3ms, SR RT: 895.8ms) than no-interference (BSLN RT: 653.2ms, SR RT: 697.4ms) trials. No interaction between interference and sleep loss was found (F(1,148)=0.11;p&gt;0.05;η 2=0.001). Likewise, accuracy was lower (F(1,148) = 31.1, p&lt;.001;η 2=0.174) in interference trials (73.5%) than in no-interference trials (92.2%), however with no effect of sleep loss, nor an interaction of interference and sleep loss (all p’s &gt; .05).

Conclusion
These data provide evidence that partial sleep loss disrupts attention processes in children, yet these differences do not appear to depend on cognitive interference in our sample. Future analyses will examine whether ADHD symptoms distinguish individual differences, as well as analyze fMRI data to probe neural processes underlying attention control.

Support
K01MH09854 (to JMS); Brown University UTRA (to GDQC).
0335 Frontal Expression of NREM Sleep Oscillations are Associated with Executive Function in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Lui K K , Mander B A , Radom-Aizik S , Chappel-Farley M G , Dave A , Chen I Y , Benca R M , Neikrug A B 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The prefrontal cortex, an area known for executive functioning (including inhibition and self-monitoring) develops during childhood and adolescents, with a pattern of posterior to anterior brain development. Slow-wave activity (SWA) in NREM sleep, tracks brain development with high SWA power migrating from occipital to frontal region as brain maturation occurs. This pilot study aimed to examine whether slow wave topography is correlated with executive function in youth.

Methods
Seventeen healthy children and adolescents (ages 11-17; 10 females) underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG) with high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG). Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) was administered to assess executive function. SWA (SWA1: 0.5-1 Hz; SWA2: 1-4.5 Hz) and spindle (slow sigma: 11-13 Hz; fast sigma: 13-16 Hz) activity was analyzed with spectral analysis using Welch’s method. BRIEF subscales of inhibition and monitor were correlated with SWA and sigma power across all derivations, with Holm-Bonferroni correction (126 channels). Significant derivations were then controlled for sex and self-reported Tanner stage using multiple regression

Results
BRIEF-Inhibition scale (i.e., ability to repress impulsivity) and SWA1 in anterior frontal derivations were negatively correlated (R2=0.58, p=0.047 corrected). BRIEF-Monitor scale (i.e., self-perception of one’s own behavior and interpersonal awareness) was negatively correlated with fast sigma in anterior frontal derivations (R2=0.65, p=0.013 corrected). These associations were significant after controlling for sex and Tanner stage.

Conclusion
These results support the hypothesis that NREM sleep oscillations are associated with executive function and reflect changes in neuroplasticity related to “back-to-front” brain maturation. Future longitudinal studies should combine multi-modal neuroimaging of brain structure and local sleep with comprehensive assessments of executive function to evaluate the possible link between local sleep and development of higher-order cognition in frontal brain regions in youth.

Support
NCATS grant #UL1TR001414 & PERC Systems Biology Fund
0343 Associations of Endogenous Hormones and Phthalate Exposure with Subjective and Objective Sleep Measures in Midlife Women
Authors: Hatcher K M , Smith R L , Li Z , Flaws J A , Davies C R , Mahoney M M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Impaired sleep during the menopausal transition reduces quality of life and increases risk of multiple diseases. The changing hormonal milieu during midlife is associated with impaired sleep. Endocrine disrupting chemicals, such as phthalates, may also contribute to the increased prevalence of sleep disturbances in midlife women. Phthalates are known to impact the endogenous hormones associated with sleep. However, the link between phthalate exposure and sleep quality remains unexplored.

Methods
We recruited 26 midlife women (median age 50 years) through the Carle Regional Sleep Disorders Center in Urbana, Illinois. Subjective sleep was assessed through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and self-reported frequency of sleep disturbances, insomnia, and restless sleep. Objective sleep was measured using actigraphy and manual sleep logs (7-day average). Serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, free estradiol, and free testosterone were quantified using ELISAs from a single sample from each participant. Phthalate metabolites were quantified from urine using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Covariates, including depression, hot flashes, quality of life, demographics, and lifestyle factors, were measured via surveys.

Results
Preliminary unadjusted logistic regression was used to determine the association between hormone values and subjective sleep quality binomial variables, including daytime sleepiness, sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, sleep duration, number of sleep disturbances, and frequency of sleep disturbances. Each of these subjective sleep measures is significantly associated with one or more hormones.

Conclusion
Our results are consistent with literature identifying associations between hormones and subjective sleep in midlife women. Additional analyses will determine associations between hormones and objective sleep, and phthalates with both subjective and objective sleep measures. Excitingly, our study will be among the first to investigate the association between endocrine disruption and sleep quality in this population.

Support
Carle Illinois Seed Grant Program
0349 Circadian Patterns of Blood Pressure Differ Between Retired Night Shift Workers and Retired Day Workers
Authors: Lehrer M , Bowman M A , Buysse D J , Hall M H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Approximately 15% of full-time employees in the U.S. work outside the traditional daytime schedule. These individuals exhibit circadian rhythm abnormalities and increased rates of cardiovascular disease compared to day shift workers. Altered circadian patterns of cardiovascular function may persist into retirement even after returning to a normal nocturnal sleep schedule, and may contribute to the elevated cardiovascular disease burden among retired night shift workers. The purpose of this study was to determine whether circadian rhythms of cardiovascular indicators differed between retired night shift workers and retired day workers.

Methods
Participants (N = 72, 53% females, 83% non-Hispanic White, mean age: 68.66 years) were 33 retired night shift workers and 39 retired day workers who completed a 60-hour sleep/circadian laboratory assessment. Blood pressure and heart rate were assessed hourly during a 24-hour constant routine protocol. Multilevel cosinor analysis estimated group differences in circadian rhythms of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR). Covariates included age, sex, race, education, and body mass index.

Results
The 24-hour pattern of DBP (bsine*shiftwork = 1.47, [95% CI: 0.58, 2.35], p = 0.002) and MAP (bsine*shiftwork = 1.38, [95% CI: 0.28, 2.50], p = 0.015) differed between retired night shift workers and retired day workers. Retired night shift workers displayed a later trough of DBP and MAP compared to retired day workers. No group differences were found for circadian rhythms of SBP or HR.

Conclusion
Retired night shift workers exhibited altered circadian rhythms of blood pressure, which may indicate a circadian “scarring” of night shift work that persists after a return to normal daytime schedule. Future research should investigate explanations for observed differences and the extent to which chronic alterations in cardiovascular circadian rhythms affect morbidity and mortality.

Support
R01AG047139, T32HL082610, T32HL07560, UL1TR001857
0368 Sleep Health Among Transgender Women of Color in New York City: Preliminary Analyses of the Turnnt Study
Authors: Duncan D , Schneider J , Radix A , Harry-Hernandez S , Callander D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Little is known about sleep health among transgender and gender diverse populations. Even less is known about sleep among transgender women of color, a population that experiences considerable health disparity.

Methods
Interim baseline data were analyzed from the TURNNT (Trying to Understand Relationships, Networks and Neighborhoods among Transgender women of color) Study, an ongoing cohort of 350 HIV-negative transgender women of color in New York City. At baseline, items from the widely-used Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to measure typical sleep duration and subjective sleep quality. For example, typical sleep duration was measured with the PSQI item, “During the past month, how many hours of actual sleep did you get each night?”. Participant responses were analyzed descriptively; the Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess bivariate associations.

Results
As of November 2019, there were n=31 participants enrolled in TURNNT. Nearly half of participants earned less than $30,000 per year (48%) and in the 6 months before participation 61% had experienced food insecurity and 13% reported being unstably housed. Participants reported typically receiving 2-12 hours of sleep per night (median=6 hours). With short sleep defined as &lt;7 hours per night, 55% reported this during the month prior to participation in the study, while 29% of participants rated their overall sleep quality as poor. Typical sleep duration was equivalent among participants with lower or higher incomes (5.5 vs 7 hours, p=0.3), but those who faced food insecurity reported less sleep (5 vs 7 hours, p&lt;0.05) as did those who experienced housing instability (3.5 vs 7 hours, p&lt;0.05).

Conclusion
Poor sleep health was common among our sample of transgender women of color, especially among those experiencing food insecurity and housing instability. Future research should examine multi-level correlates of poor sleep health such as network structures and neighborhood environments.

Support
The TURNNT (Trying to Understand Relationships, Networks and Neighborhoods among Transgender women of color) Study is funded through grants from the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (Grant Numbers: R01MD013554 and 3R01MD013554-02S1; Principal Investigator: Dustin T. Duncan, ScD).