bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffraction of electromagnetic waves by a resistive half‐plane in magneto‐ionic plasma
Authors: Umul Yusuf Ziya 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe interaction of magnetic polarized electromagnetic wave with a resistive half‐plane in magneto‐ionic plasma is investigated. The method of transition boundary is used for the evaluation of the diffracted wave. The excitation of surface waves is examined in the medium and their diffracted fields are derived by using the diffraction theory for grazing incidence. The uniform field expressions are obtained with the aid of the uniform theory for evanescent waves. The behaviours of the derived scattered waves are studied numerically.
Epilepsy phenotype in individuals with chromosomal duplication encompassing FGF12
Authors: Willemsen Marjolein H. , Goel Himanshu , Verhoeven Judith S. , Braakman Hilde M. H. , de Leeuw Nicole , Freeth Alison , Minassian Berge A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntragenic mutations in FGF12 are associated with intractable seizures, developmental regression, intellectual disability, ataxia, hypotonia, and feeding difficulties. FGF12 duplications are rarely reported, but it was suggested that those might have a similar gain‐of‐function effect and lead to a more or less comparable phenotype. A favorable response to the sodium blocker phenytoin was reported in several cases, both in patients with an intragenic mutation and in patients with a duplication of FGF12. We report three individuals from two families with FGF12 duplications. The duplications are flanked and probably mediated by two long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs). The duplication cases show phenotypic overlap with the cases with intragenic mutations. Though the onset of epilepsy might be later, after the onset of seizures both groups show developmental stagnation and regression in several cases. This illustrates and further confirms that chromosomal FGF12 duplications and intragenic gain‐of‐function mutations yield overlapping phenotypes.
Investigation on Ag‐containing compound generated in manufacturing of low‐temperature polycrystalline Si active matrix organic light‐emitting diode
Authors: Jin Yu , Fu Dongzhi , Lee Julong , Wang Enlai , Lu Yunlei , Xi Wangfeng , Jiang Jijun , Zhu Yangjie , Zhao Xuan , Liu Bin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work, we report a systematic investigation on Ag‐containing compound widely generated in anode wet etching process of low‐temperature polycrystalline Si active matrix organic light‐emitting diode (LTPS‐AMOLED). The formation mechanism of the aforementioned compound was proposed and confirmed by sufficient evidence. The relevant test results show that, unlike traditional metal compounds, this compound cannot be removed by aqueous oxalic acid solution. Furthermore, the reported Ag‐containing compounds grow and migrate in response to electric fields in high‐temperature and high‐humidity environment (85°C, 85% humidity) to short neighboring integrated circuit pads, causing severe product reliability failure. Spectra test results indicate that products with reliability failure are characterized by reduced display brightness and shifted color coordinates. To improve the reliability failure caused by Ag‐containing compounds, five potential schemes are presented, and most of them are conducted in this study.
Experimental validation of a semi‐distributed sequential quadratic programming method for optimal coordination of automated vehicles at intersections
Authors: Hult Robert , Zanon Mario , Frison Gianluca , Gros Sébastien , Falcone Paolo 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn this article, we study the optimal coordination of automated vehicles at intersections. The problem can be stated as an optimal control problem (OCP), which can be decomposed as a bi‐level scheme composed by one nonlinear program (NLP) which schedules the access to the intersection and one OCP per vehicle which computes the appropriate vehicle commands. We discuss a practical implementation of the bi‐level controller where the NLP is solved with a tailored semi‐distributed sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm that enables distribution of most computation to the vehicles. Results from an extensive experimental campaign are presented, where the bi‐level controller and the semi‐distributed SQP are implemented on a test setup consisting of three automated vehicles. In particular, we show that the vehicle‐level controller can enforce the scheduled intersection access beyond the accuracy admitted by the sensor system, and that the bi‐level controller can handle large perturbations and large communication delays, which makes the scheme applicable in practical scenarios. Finally, the use of wireless communication introduces delays in the outer control loop. To allow faster feedback, we introduce a real‐time iteration (RTI) like variation of the bi‐level controller. Experimental and simulated results indicate that the RTI‐like variation offers comparable performance using less computation and communication.
Characterization of the metabolites of gigantol in rat, dog, monkey, and human hepatocytes using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Jingying , Liu Yang , Liu Chunyan , Shi Qinghong 
Published: April 2020

RationaleGigantol (3′,4‐dihydroxy‐3,5′‐dimethoxybibenzyl) is a bibenzyl compound isolated from Dendrobii Caulis that has been widely used as a medicinal herb in China. To fully understand the mechanism of action of gigantol, it is necessary to determine its metabolic profile.MethodsGigantol at a concentration of 20 μM was incubated with hepatocytes (rat, dog, monkey, and human) at 37°C. After 120 min incubation, the samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The structures of the metabolites were characterized by their molecular masses, product ions, and retention times.ResultsA total of 17 metabolites were detected and structurally identified. The metabolism involved the following pathways: (a) oxidation to form quinone‐methide species and subsequently conjugation with glutathione (GSH); (b) demethylation to form demethylated gigantol, which was further conjugated with GSH; (c) hydroxylation to yield hydroxyl‐gigantol followed by glucuronidation or GSH conjugation; and (d) glucuronidation to form glucuronide conjugates. Glucuronidation was the primary metabolic pathway in all tested species.ConclusionsHydroxylation, demethylation, glucuronidation, and GSH conjugation were the major metabolic pathways of gigantol. This study provides new information on the metabolic profiles of gigantol and helps us understand the disposition of the compound.
My Life as Scientist and Professor
Authors: Banks Peter M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe foundations for my professional life began at Stanford University, thanks to a four year Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps scholarship and, in my fifth year, securing a graduate research assistantship. Although I was enrolled at Stanford as an Electrical Engineering major, I took many physics classes. My Physics teachers included Willis Lamb and Robert Hofstadter (Nobel Prize winning faculty) as well as the renowned Wolfgang Panofsky. In addition, I had close contact with two Physics graduate assistants: Henry Kendall (who later became a Nobel Prize winner) and James Bjorken (who was awarded the coveted Wolf Prize in physics). From these contacts and my classes, I came to learn that Physics would be my lifetime intellectual home. Not incidentally, Kendall and Bjorken were also responsible for my collegiate addiction to rock climbing, usually on the soft sandstone near Stanford but also along the walls of Yosemite Valley and peaks of Tuolumne Meadows.
Distinct microbial communities among different tissues of citrus tree Citrus reticulata cv. Chachiensis
Authors: Wu Yongxian , Qu Mengqiu , Pu Xinhua , Lin Jintian , Shu Benshui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPlant microbiota colonize all organs of a plant and play crucial roles including supplying nutrients to plants, stimulating seed germination, promoting plant growth, and defending plants against biotic and abiotic stress. Because of the economic importance, interactions between citrus and microbes have been studied relatively extensively, especially citrus-pathogen interactions. However, the spatial distribution of microbial taxa in citrus trees remains under-studied. In this study, Citrus reticulata cv. Chachiensis was examined for the spatial distribution of microbes by sequencing 16S rRNA genes. More than 2.5 million sequences were obtained from 60 samples collected from soil, roots, leaves, and phloem. The dominant microbial phyla from all samples were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria. The composition and structure of microbial communities in different samples were analyzed by PCoA, CAP, Anosim and MRPP methods. Variation in microbial species between samples were analyzed and the indicator microbes of each sample group were identified. Our results suggested that the microbial communities from different tissues varied significantly and the microenvironments of tree tissues could affect the composition of its microbial community.
Risk Factors for Blood Transfusion in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty for Mechanical Failure
Authors: Lee Ryan , Lee Danny , Fassihi Safa , Zeller Zachary , Stake Seth , Kappa Jason , Webber Michael , Thakkar Savyasachi C. , Pandarinath Rajeev 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRevision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) is associated with significant intraoperative blood loss requiring transfusion. Given that blood transfusions increase the risk of numerous complications, efforts should be made to determine which patients are at high risk of transfusion and optimize them appropriately. This study aimed to identify independent risk factors associated with blood transfusion in patients undergoing rTHA for mechanical failure. A multi-institutional surgical registry was queried for all patients who underwent rTHA for mechanical failure from 2005 to 2016. Patients were divided into transfused and nontransfused cohorts and underwent univariate analysis for differences in demographic features, preoperative comorbidities, and operative variables. Multivariate regression models were generated to elucidate independent risk factors associated with perioperative blood transfusions. A total of 8,469 rTHA patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria, of which 1,863 (22.0%) received blood transfusions within 72 hours postoperatively. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, age ≥ 65 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.313; p < 0.001), female gender (OR 1.465; p < 0.001), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (OR 1.503; p = 0.003), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; OR 1.307; p = 0.030), hypertension (OR 1.359; p < 0.001), hematologic disorders (OR 1.565; p < 0.001), preoperative blood transfusions (OR 3.851; p < 0.001), systemic sepsis (OR 2.277; p = 0.003), functional dependence (OR 1.416; p = 0.003), open wounds/wound infections (OR 2.878; p < 0.001), and operations lasting at least 175 minutes (OR 4.841; p < 0.001) were all significant independent risk factors for blood transfusions. Obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2; OR 0.818; p = 0.001), smoking history (OR 0.800; p = 0.014), and isolated acetabular component revision (OR 0.730; p < 0.001) were associated with a decreased risk of blood transfusion. Older age, female gender, lower BMI, absence of smoking history, functional dependence, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension, revision of the femoral component, preoperative transfusion, hematologic disorders, sepsis, open wounds/wound infections, COPD, and longer operative time were all independent risk factors for blood transfusions in rTHA performed for mechanical failure. By identifying these risk factors, clinicians can identify and optimize high-risk patients to minimize blood transfusion requirements, thereby reducing the risk of transfusion-associated complications in this patient population.
Retrospective Study of Prosthetic Augmentation Mammoplasty in Transwomen
Authors: Balakrishnan T. M. , Nagarajan Sandeep , Jaganmohan J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction Hormonal therapy and gender-conforming surgeries are the treatments of choice in appropriately selected male-to-female transsexuals. The Prosthetic Augmentation Mammoplasty (PAM) in transwomen is the second most common sex conforming procedure performed in our department.
Aim This study was aimed to assess the esthetic outcomes of PAM performed from 2007 to 2017 in 42 transwomen.
Patients and Methods It is a retrospective study wherein the documents of 42 transwomen who had undergone PAM were reviewed. Twenty-three transwomen who had pinch fold thickness more than 2.5 cm had undergone subglandular/subfascial (SG/SF) plane augmentation; rest had dual plane augmentation. All the cases were followed-up for an average period of 45 months. A validated institutional score for subjective assessment and objective assessment (by two independent observers) were used at the end of follow-up period.
Statistical Analysis Used Student’s t-test was used for statistical analysis.
Results On an average, 92.85% of transwomen achieved grade-A score with both subjective and objective assessment scoring system.
Conclusion PAM gives a finishing and colossal touch for transwomen to orient their somatic sex to psychic sex. To get the best cosmetic outcomes and lasting results the PAM in transwomen has to be made a more reasoning and scientific procedure rather than an emotional and irrational procedure. Author’s PAM approach facilitates transwomen to rejoice their veritable total genderness in harmony with their gender identity.
Hearing and balance complaints as presenting symptoms of petrous bone malignancies
Authors: Tealdo Giulia , Zanoletti Elisabetta 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
Hearing loss and imbalance are specific symptoms of inner ear disease which could hide severe condition, such as endolymphatic sac tumour (ELST) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The audiologist or the otologist, starting from not specific audiologic and vestibular symptoms can be faced by malignant tumours with severe prognosis, where early diagnosis can make the difference in outcome of treatment.

Methods:
We assessed the presenting symptoms, the audiological pattern, therapy and outcomes in 17 cases of ear malignancies (seven patients affected by ELST and ten by SCC).

Results:
All of ELST cases reported hearing loss as presenting symptom. Dizziness and imbalance were present in most cases. The mean diagnostic delay from the clinical onset was 26 months. Most patients were treated with extensive lateral skull base procedures. The recurrence rate and disease free-survival were 20% and 80%, respectively. In SCC patients, ear pain was the most frequent symptom, followed by dizziness and fullness. In all cases, treatment involved surgery with large extensive procedures. The recurrence and disease free-survival were 50% and 50%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Ear malignancies are difficult to detect, a specific audiological and vestibular symptoms should not be underestimated, early diagnosis and therapy influence the unfavourable outcome.
The impact of organizational storytelling on organizational performance within Jordanian telecommunication sector
Authors: Khdour Naser , Masa'deh Ra'ed , Al-Raoush Atef 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis study aims to assess the impact of organizational storytelling on organizational performance by undertaking telecommunication companies located in the Middle Eastern nation of Jordan.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative design has been adopted to identify the impact of organizational storytelling on organizational performance, recruiting 460 employees at managerial levels from three telecom companies (Umniah, Zain and Orange). A step-wise regression analysis has been applied to analyze the data collected using a close-ended structured questionnaire.FindingsA total of 284 male and 176 female employees took part in the study. The study has found a positive and significant impact of organizational learning, change management, corporate culture, training and development and leadership and indicated that these determinants positively related to organizational performance. Findings showed a positive and significant impact of organizational storytelling on organizational performance based on its components.Practical implicationsThis study has contributed to identifying the impact of organizational storytelling on organizational performance in the telecommunication sector in Jordan.Originality/valueThis study is among the few to analyses the impact of organizational storytelling based on training and development, change management, corporate culture, organizational learning and development and leadership on the organizational performance of telecom companies in Jordan.
Effects of Andersson lesion treatment in ankylosing spondylitis: A medical record review study focused on medium‐ to long‐term outcomes
Authors: Wu Minhao , Yan Feifei , Ping Ansong , Lei Jun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Andersson lesion (AL) treatments and prognostic factors using medium‐ to long‐term follow‐up data and discuss the clinical characteristics and treatment of AL. Forty‐eight consecutive AL cases at our center from June 2011 to March 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, including 13 cases treated conservatively and 35 treated surgically. Epidemiological characteristics, treatment modalities, clinical features and outcomes, and prognostic factors of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) recovery rate were reviewed. Neurological functional recovery was evaluated by American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) classification. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by JOA score, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and Cobb's angle. The mean overall follow‐up duration was 44.5±18.5 months (range, 27–85 months). There were 36 male and 12 female patients, with a mean age of 49.4±13.1 years (range, 26–72 years). The most common lesion location was the thoracolumbar region, i.e., T10‐L2 (n=33; 68.8%), followed by the thoracic (n=10) and lumbar (n=5) regions. Patients treated surgically showed significantly better JOA scores, VAS scores and Cobb's angles at the final follow‐up than did patients treated conservatively (P<.05). Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses identified two prognostic factors of the JOA score recovery rate: treatment modality (OR=0.157; 95%CI, 0.028–0.89; P=.036) and bone fusion (OR=9.965; 95%CI, 2.052–48.387; P=.004). Conservative treatment and bone nonunion predict worse JOA score recovery. Surgery remains the optimal treatment for AL in ankylosing spondylitis patients, with better clinical efficacy demonstrated by medium‐ to long‐term follow‐up data.
Multiple jeopardy: Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in vasculitic flare
Authors: Misra Durga Prasanna , Jain Neeraj , Harikrishnan Gangadharan , Agarwal Vikas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA 57‐year old gentleman had presented a year back with inflammatory oligoarthritis and vasculitic neuropathy, diagnosed as unclassifiable vasculitis, initiated on oral corticosteroids and intravenous cyclophosphamide (monthly X 6). His disease stabilized and he had been maintained on azathioprine, which had to be stopped due to acute pancreatitis with subsequent pseudocyst formation, requiring percutaneous drainage suspecting infection. Within a week of pseudocyst drainage, he developed sudden onset pain in left upper limb, with absent left upper limb pulses, loss of motor function of left hand, myocardial ischemia, and extensive thrombosis of the left upper limb arteries. Neuropathy in the left upper limb was either vasculitic, or ischemic due to arterial thrombosis. However, multifocal thrombosis suggested an ongoing vasculitic flare. In view of possible infected pancreatic pseudocyst, intravenous methylprednisolone pulse was contra‐indicated. Hence, he was offered intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy, despite the risk of potentially worsening the prevalent prothrombotic state. On the second day of IVIG, he developed transiently tingling and weakness of right hand with vasculitic rashes, which subsequently resolved, reaffirming the suspicion of vasculitic flare. After completing IVIG therapy, the weakness in his left hand had markedly improved. His myocardial ischemia had also recovered, with a repeat echocardiography showing normalization of prior left ventricular hypokinesia. In the intervening period, the pseudocysts were drained, following which he was initiated on rituximab. This case highlights numerous challenges in the initial diagnosis, distinguishing vasculitic from ischemic neuropathy, and the management of vasculitic flare during infection.
US agricultural exports and labor market adjustments
Authors: He Xi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study empirically investigates the impact of US agricultural exports on farm and nonfarm employment and tests how individuals adjust to agricultural export shocks. Based on the data from 1991 to 2017 and a Bartik‐style instrument that exploits cross‐regional variation in agricultural export exposure stemming from initial differences in agricultural specialization and temporal variation in predicted US exports from exogenous tariff reductions, we find that a 1% increase in agricultural exports increases farm employment by 0.302% and has no statistically significant impact on nonfarm employment. The individual‐level analysis shows that, in response to positive agricultural export demand shocks, natives with a college degree are more likely to become self‐employed and start farm activities and while non‐natives without a college degree are more likely to become hired farmworkers. A back‐of‐the‐envelope calculation based on the estimates of agricultural trade elasticities of employment shows that on balance, job gains due to US agricultural exports are slightly larger than job loss due to agricultural imports, resulting in a net gain of around 0.24 million farm jobs over 1991–2017.
Using, risking, and consent: Why risking harm to bystanders is morally different from risking harm to research subjects
Authors: Walen Alec 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSubjects in studies on humans are used as a means of conducting the research and achieving whatever good would justify putting them at risk. Accordingly, consent must normally be obtained before subjects are exposed to any substantial risks to their welfare. Bystanders are also often put at risk, but they are not used as a means. Accordingly—or so I argue—consent is more often unnecessary before bystanders are exposed to similar substantial risks to their welfare.