bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSX-37 Effect of forage neutral detergent fiber level for feedlot lambs: Digestibility
Authors: Godinez Josue , Castrejón-Pineda Francisco , Plascencia Alejandro , García-Pérez Águeda , Corona Luis 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Fiber plays an important role to maintain the normal functioning of the rumen in cattle fed with high-concentrate diets. However, the optimal incorporation of fiber in the finishing diets should counteract the two main limitations of this ingredient in fattening due to the limitation in the ingestion of the diet and the dilution of diet energy as result to its low energy content. Therefore, efforts have been made to determine the optimal level of NDF in the finishing diets where the negative associative effects of the NDF are avoided without undermining its role as a functional feed in fattening. For the above, eight lambs (30.50± 4.44 kg initial weight) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design in order to evaluate effective neutral detergent fiber (eNDF) levels (4, 8, 12, and 16% diet DM) on growing-finishing diets in lambs. Experiment had 4 period of 21 days each (17-d to diet adaptation and 4-d to sampling). Dietary treatments consisted of a cracked corn-based diet in which the eNDF concentration of diet was manipulated by replacing cracked corn grain by corn stubble. As the level of eNDF increased, intake of DM, MO, NDF, and GE were linearly increased (P &lt; 0.01), but starch intake was decreased. The apparent digestible energy (Mcal/kg) showed a quadratic effect (P &lt; 0.01) being maximal at 8% eNDF level increased. Ruminal pH increased (P &lt; 0.01) from 5.77 to 6.70 as the level of eNDF increased. It is concluded that 4% of eNDF level in corn-cracked based finishing diet is enough so as not affect ruminal health in lambs. Digestible energy was optimized at 8% of eNDF level.
PSX-40 Effects of nutritional plane before breeding on performance of hair sheep
Authors: Lourencon Raquel , Dawson Lionel , Puchala Ryszard , Ribeiro Luana P , Gipson Terry A , Loetz Erick , Rojas Miguel , Calle Mauricio , Scronce Adaven , Goetsch Arthur L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine effects of the nutritional plane before breeding on performance of different hair sheep breeds. Twenty-five Dorper, 27 Katahdin, and 32 St. Croix ewes with initial BW of 65.6, 65.7, and 54.3 kg (SEM=1.95) and body condition score (BCS; 1–5) of 3.35, 3.29, and 3.09, respectively, consumed wheat straw ad libitum for 11 wk before breeding. Ewes of each breed were divided into four groups, with two groups per nutritional plane (NP). Ewes on a low NP (Low-NP) were supplemented with 0.16% BW (DM) of soybean meal (SBM) and ewes on the high NP (High-NP) received 0.8% BW (DM basis) of 0.25% soybean meal and 0.75% ground corn. Ewes were divided into two groups for estrus synchronization. Four rams of each breed were used, two for the first 17 d of breeding and the other two from d 17 to 34. Conception and embryo mortality were determined by ultrasound imaging at 25 and approximately 40 d post-breeding. Average daily gain and BCS change were similar among breeds, but both were greater for High-NP vs. Low-NP (ADG: 57 vs. -4 g, SEM=8.1; BCS change: 0.22 vs. -0.02, SEM=0.041). Wheat straw DMI was greater (P = 0.01) for Low-NP than for High-NP (2.02 and 1.58% BW, respectively; SEM=0.042) and for St. Croix than for Dorper and Katahdin (P = 0.04; 1.96, 1.68, and 1.74% BW, respectively, SEM=0.060). There were no differences in the number of services or conception (P &gt; 0.05), and no embryo mortality was noted. In conclusion, NP did not influence reproductive performance assessed early after breeding despite differences in ADG and BCS change. This may be due to moderate initial BCS and increased straw intake by Low-NP ewes.
PSX-34 Ruminating and lying behavior of dairy goats in confinement or grazing
Authors: Ribeiro Luana P , Ischii Sanae , LeShure Shirron , Gipson Terry A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Behavior is a key indicator of animal welfare and wellbeing. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of management system [confinement (C) or grazing (G)] on the behaviors of rumination time (RT) and lying/standing (L/S) in dairy goats. Forty Alpine goats (57.7±5.7 kg) in late lactation were randomly assigned to one of four groups. A replicated switchback design was used with Groups A and C the Confinement-Grazing-Confinement (CGC) sequence and Groups B and D the Grazing-Confinement-Grazing (GCG) sequence. Each group spent 1 wk in each management system. A 40% forage diet was offered free-choice in both systems, with some growing forage available for goats in G as well. Goats were fitted with two tri-axial accelerometers, one in an elastic, nose-band halter and the other attached to the hind leg. Data from tri-axial accelerometers were processed using SAS with prediction equations for RT and L/S. A mixed model analysis was conducted with RT or L/S as the dependent variable, and replicate (1, 2), sequence (CGC, GCG), management system (confinement, grazing), and interactions as independent variables, and animal as random. Rumination time and L/S were not affected (P &gt; 0.10) by sequence or replicate. Goats in G had greater (P &lt; 0.01) RT than those in C (12.7 vs 10.2 min/h; SEM=0.509). Regardless of management system, goats had lower RT in the second week than in the first or third week of the experiment (12.2, 10.2, and 11.9 min/h in wk 1, 2, and 3, respectively; SEM=0.574). Daily L/S behavior was not affected (P &gt; 0.10) by management. Lying time was 726 min/d in C and 699 min/d in G (SEM=16.7). Standing time was 714 min/d in C and 741 min/d in G (SEM=16.7). These results indicate that management system affects rumination time but not lying/standing behavior in dairy goats.
PSX-33 Effect of supplementing different proportions of sericea lespedeza with alfalfa silage on intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance in sheep
Authors: Niyigena Valens , Coffey K P , Coblentz W K , Philipp D , Savin M C , Diaz J , Park S P , Shelby S L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Dietary manipulations to include tannins can change the proportion and amounts of N excreted in the urine and feces as well as improve N-use efficiency in ruminants. This study was conducted to investigate effects on animal digestion parameters of adding different proportions of sericea lespedeza hay (SL) to alfalfa silage. Alfalfa was harvested in June 2018 at 75% bloom, chopped, and then packed at 55% moisture into plastic-lined bins and allowed to ensile for 3 months. Alfalfa silage was either offered alone or mixed with 9, 18, or 27% SL on a DM basis. These diets were offered randomly for ad libitum consumption to 16 ewes (41.8 ± 4.61 kg BW) in a randomized complete block design experiment with 2 periods to provide 4 observations per treatment per experimental period, each consisting of a 14-d dietary adaptation period followed by 5 d of total fecal and urine collection. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS and orthogonal linear and quadratic trend analyses were tested. Digestibility (%) of DM and OM and digestible DM and OM intake (g/kg BW) decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) with increasing SL addition to the diet. Digestibility of NDF and ADF decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) with increasing SL, and apparent absorption (%) of N decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) with increasing SL in the diet. Urinary N excretions (g/d) tended (P = 0.10) to decrease linearly while fecal N (g/day) tended to increase (P = 0.10) linearly with increasing SL proportion in the diet. In this study, supplementation with sericea lespedeza as a tannin source to alfalfa silage decreased forage digestibility and digestible organic matter intake and did not positively influence nitrogen use. The study was supported in part by USDA-ARS specific cooperative agreement 58-3655-4-052 and by USDA NIFA grant 2018-67019-27804.
PSX-25 Narasin inclusion and levels of forage on performance of feedlot lambs
Authors: Sardinha Lairana A , Polizel Daniel M , Miszura Alexandre A , Limede Arnaldo C , Barroso José P R , Martins André S , Oliveira Gabriela B , Ferreira Evandro M , Biava Janaina S , Pires Alexandre Vaz 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determinate the effects of forage levels and narasin inclusion on the performance of feedlot lambs. Forty-four lambs were allotted in a randomized complete block design, defined by initial body weight (BW), in a 2x2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was forage (coastcross hay) inclusion (10 or 20%, DM basis) and the second factor was narasin (0 or 13 ppm). The experimental diets were isonitrogenous (17.4%, DM basis). The experiment lasted 112 days, divided into two periods of 56 d each. The lambs were weighed after a fasting period of 14 hours on days 0, 56, and 112. Average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI) and feed efficiency (FE) were determined in each period. Data were analyzed as repeated measures over time using the MIXED procedure of SAS and the LSMEANS option was used to obtain the means. The effects were considered significant when P &lt; 0.05. There was no interaction between forage levels and narasin inclusion. Narasin did not affect the DMI, ADG, and FE. There was hay levels and period interaction for DMI and ADG. Increase levels of hay did not affect the DMI during the first period; however, 20% of hay inclusion increased DMI in the second period (1.16 vs 1.30 kg/d; P = 0.01). The inclusion of 10% of hay increased the ADG in the first period (0.28 vs 0.24 kg/d; P &lt; 0.01), however, there was no effect in the second period. Consequently, 10% of forage inclusion increased the FE (0.23 vs 0.21; P = 0.01). In summary, diets containing 10% of forage improves the FE, and narasin inclusion did not affect the lamb’s performance.
PSX-23 Effect of feeding ‘Serala’ sericea lespedeza hay on indicators of gastrointestinal parasitism in goats
Authors: Hazard Tony , Whitley Niki , Batchu Phaneendra , Pulsifer Chelsea , Kouakou Brou , Terrill Thomas H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Thirty-eight intact Spanish male goats 5–6 months old and 26.1 ± 0.16 kg BW were used in a 7-week trial to investigate effects of Serala sericea lespedeza (SER; Lespedeza cuneata) on gastrointestinal parasitism. Naturally-infected goats were individually housed in 1.5x1.5 m pens. Treatments consisted of SER hay (n = 13), and bermudagrass hay without (n = 13; CON) or with anthelminitic treatment (n = 12; CDW). A corn-soybean meal-based supplement ensured isonitrogenous (18%), isocaloric diets. Diets were fed to 10% orts. Treatments were assigned for similar initial FEC and BW. At the start of the study and weekly thereafter, fecal and blood samples were collected for determination of fecal egg counts (FEC) and coccidia oocyst counts (FOC) via the modified McMaster’s technique (eggs or oocysts per gram feces; epg or opg) and percentage packed red blood cell volume (PCV) via microhematocrit centrifugation. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedures of SAS for repeated measures. The FEC and PCV were impacted by a treatment by day interaction (P &lt; 0.0001) in which, compared to day 0, FEC was lower and PCV was higher for each weekly sample for CDW (P &lt; 0.003; ranges: FEC: 315 ±332 epg to 573±332 epg, PCV: 17.5±1.2% to 27.8±1.2%). For CON, FEC were only lower (P &lt; 0.0008) on week 7 (day 0 2630±327 epg vs 1015±332 epg week 7) while PCV was higher on week 5 through 7 for CON (range PCV 18.4 ± 1.2% to 23.6 ± 1.2%). For SER, FEC were lower at week 4 (P &lt; 0.02; 1413±320 epg) and 7 (P &lt; 0.0001; 884±320 epg) compared to day 0 (2688±329 epg) while PCV was higher for each weekly sample for SER (P &lt; 0.04; PCV: 18.0±1.2% to 25.7±1.2%). Overall, there were no effects of SER on FEC and FOC, but PCV was improved.
PSX-1 Preference for inorganic sources of magnesium and phosphorus in sheep
Authors: Villalba Juan J , Pedernera Mariana , Mereu Alessandro 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We determined whether sheep discriminate among mineral supplements containing P and Mg and if they modify their selection as a function of need. During 3 consecutive days, 40 lambs under a basal diet of alfalfa pellets and barley grain were offered 4-way choices among= (1) MgO-powder form (MgO-82% Mg), (2)MgO-coarse form (C-MgO-82% Mg), (3) Magnesium Phosphate (Bolifor® Mag33-33% Mg, 2.7% P), and (4)Magnesium Phosphate (Bolifor® MGP-25% Mg, 15% P), and 2-way choices between MGP and each of the other minerals, and between MgO and C-MgO (Baseline). Subsequently, lambs were randomly assigned to 4 groups (10 lambs/group) and fed rations such that the levels of Mg and P were low (LMg-LP), adequate (NMg-NP), low in Mg and adequate in P (LMg-NP), or adequate in Mg and low in P (NMg-LP). After 29 d, groups received again the described choices (post-deficiency). Intake and preference indexes during choice tests were analyzed as a split-plot design with lambs nested within group and day as the repeated measure. During Baseline, lambs ate and preferred Mag33 &gt; C-MgO = MGP &gt; MgO (P &lt; 0.05). This pattern remained during post-deficiency, but lambs in LMg showed the greatest preference for Mag33 (P &lt; 0.05). All lambs preferred C-MgO over MgO or MGP (P &lt; 0.05), but lambs in LMg-NP showed the greatest preference for C-MgO (P &lt; 0.05) and the lowest preference for MGP (P &lt; 0.05). Serum concentrations of P (7.1 to 8.4±0.2 mg/dL) and Mg (3.0 to 3.9±0.1 mg/dL) increased after post-deficiency tests relative to Baseline (P &lt; 0.05). Lambs discriminated among different mineral sources and the physical form of MgO influenced preference. Groups in low Mg diets favored sources of Mg with no or low concentration of P, and when P was adequate (LMg-NP), they reduced their preference for the source with the greatest concentration of P (MGP).
PSX-11 Effects of lamb’s breed and energy concentration of diet on nutrient digestibility and growth performance
Authors: Pereira Anderson , Lima Hyane , Freitas Leonardo M , Parente Henrique , Lima Antônio , Xavier Lavínia , Zanine Anderson , Anjos Luana dos , Oliveira Graziele , Bandeira Danrley , Rocha Karlyene , Filho Miguel A Moreira , Parente Michelle 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The accumulation of subcutaneous adipose deposits occurs in many genotypes of animals adapted to tropical arid conditions. In sheep, good adaptation of fat-tailed sheep breeds, as Rabo Largo, to arid environmental conditions and food shortages can also undergo digestive and metabolic adaptation, including a greater capacity for digestion of poor roughage. Forty lambs (18±3 kg initial BW) were assigned in a randomized completely block design with a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments, with 2 breeds – B (Santa Inês- SI and Rabo Largo-RL) and 2 diets – D (low and high energy), resulting in four treatments: SILE, SIHE, RLLE and RLHE. Lambs (20 SI and 20 RL) were individually penned during 43 d and fed 1 of 2 diets with different concentrate: roughage ratio: low energy-LE (with 70% hay and 10.7% CP, DM basis) and high energy-HE (70% concentrate and 12.7% CP, DM basis). At the end of performance period, the intake was recorded and total feces collected for 5 d. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and when a significant effect (P &lt; 0.05) was found, means were compared using Tukey’s method. The G:F ratio had effect only for D (0.12, 0.22, 0.10 and 0.24 for SILE, SIHE, RLLE and RLHE, respectively). There was observed an effect of D and B (P &lt; 0.05) for all variables related to growth and digestibility, with higher means for SI and HE, except for NDF intake (495, 322, 340 and 268 g/d for SILE, SIHE, RLLE and RLHE, respectively) and NDF digestibility (63, 58, 59 and 45% for SILE, SIHE, RLLE and RLHE). It was observed an interaction D x B on CP intake, NDF intake and NDF digestibility. Breed and diets affected the performance and digestibility of lambs. However, RLLE increased the NDF digestibility, but decreased the ADG, suggesting higher fat depots accumulation.
PSX-5 Reproductive organ weights, morphology and sperm reserves in intact and short scrotum post-pubertal male dairy sheep lambs
Authors: Wildeus Stephan , Schoenian Susan , Sponenberg D Philip , Bennett Mary Beth , O’Brien Dahlia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study evaluated the use of short-scrotum castration to create sterile ram lambs. East Friesian x Lacaune male lambs born in February on a commercial sheep dairy were left intact (n = 19; IN) or rendered short-scrotum (n = 17; SS) within 10 d of birth. At 3 mo of age lambs were transferred to the study site and grazed as one group, while being supplemented with a grain mixture at 0.7 kg/d. Lambs were harvested at 6 mo of age, and reproductive tract of 5 IN and 5 SS lambs collected at random and shipped cold overnight for processing. Testis and epididymis were weighed. Segments of the left testis and epididymis were processed for histology, while a subsample of testicular parenchyma and epididymal segments of the right side were used to determine sperm reserves by tissue homogenization. Differences between testis types were determined using GLM of SAS. Testes and epididymal weights were reduced (P &lt; 0.001) in SS (115 and 22 g) compared to IN (364 and 50 g) lambs. Seminiferous tubule diameter was also smaller (P &lt; 0.001) in SS (142 µm) than IN (234 µm) lambs. Daily sperm production per gram testicular parenchyma (DSPG) was not different between types (3.8 vs. 2.3 million sperm/g; P = 0.06), but total daily sperm production was lower (P &lt; 0.01) in SS (0.23 billion) than IN (1.34 billion) ram lambs. Considerable variation was noted in DSPG in IN lambs suggesting still incomplete development at this age, and accounting for the lack of a significant difference. Epididymal sperm reserves were markedly reduced (P &lt; 0.001) in SS (0.1 billion) compared to IN (10.5 billion), and decreased along the epididymis, supported by evidence of phagocytic action by the epididymal epithelium. Data suggest that ram lambs rendered short-scrotum shortly after birth develop smaller testes with reduced sperm production, making them effectively infertile.
PSXIII-26 Are consumers’ culinary skills related to their purchasing attitudes towards pork?
Authors: Argemí-Armengol Imma , Villalba Daniel , Ripoll Guillermo , Teixeira Alfredo , Latorre María Ángeles , Álvarez-Rodríguez Javier 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Consumers’ food-related lifestyles may affect purchasing attitudes towards meat. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of consumers’ culinary skills on their attitudes towards pork in two country regions of North-Eastern Spain and Portugal. Survey data were collected through an on-line questionnaire (Catalonia, n = 442; Aragon, n = 342; Northern Portugal, n = 190; all of whom consumed pork). Each respondent was asked questions regarding consumer purchasing habits that were used to segment the consumers through hierarchical clustering according to their culinary skills. A 5-point Likert scale was used to assess the importance of intrinsic and extrinsic cues towards pork (20 questions). Wilcoxon tests with pair-wise comparisons were conducted to cross consumer clusters with their purchasing drivers. Two optimal clusters were identified: “uninvolved” consumers that liked cooking to a lesser extent (P &lt; 0.001), normally ate out on working days (P &lt; 0.001), considered traditional recipes best (P = 0.008), spent less time cooking (P &lt; 0.001), did not like changes in their meals (P &lt; 0.001), considered less important meal planning for family nutrition (P &lt; 0.001), enjoyed to a lesser extent shopping for food (P &lt; 0.001), payed less attention to advertisements (P = 0.03) and food label information (P &lt; 0.001) than “innovative cook lovers.” Interestingly, the two clusters did not differ in enjoying social eating out, following a shopping list, preferring butchers rather than supermarkets, or over the counter purchases rather than packaged meat. “Best before date,” “safety” and “appeal (colour, drip loss)” were the most important criteria for purchase decision in both clusters. The “price” importance was greater (P &lt; 0.05) whereas “cooking ease” was less valued (P = 0.04) by “innovative cook lovers” than by “uninvolved” consumers. The least rated driver was “slaughter method,” although it was scored greater by “innovative cook lovers” than by “uninvolved” consumers (P = 0.04). In summary, innovative cook lovers may be more exigent consumers (price and animal welfare sensitive).
PSXIII-27 Meat and fat quality of gilts intended for Spanish dry-cured ham: effect of immunocastration and feeding
Authors: Pérez-Ciria Leticia , Miana-Mena Francisco Javier , Ripoll Guillermo , Latorre María Ángeles 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Currently, gilts intended for Spanish high quality dry-cured ham are characterized by lack of fatness detected at backfat depth covering the ham and also in the intramuscular fat content, necessary for an optimum dry-curing process and for the consumer acceptability, respectively. Trying to solve it, a trial was carried out with 90 Duroc x (Landrace x Large White) females to assess the impact of immunocastration and different diets on meat and fat quality. Half of gilts were entire (EG) and the other half were immunocastrated (IG) by two injections of Vacsincel® at 58 and 76 kg of body weight (BW). Three diets were tested (76–134 kg BW) in both groups: A=control, B=high net energy content and C=low lysine level. A sample of meat from each carcass (n = 15) and 48 samples of subcutaneous fat chosen at random (n = 8) were analyzed. Data were processed as a factorial 2 (sexes) x 3 (diets) using the GLM procedure of SAS. Meat from IG showed lower moisture (P = 0.04) and higher intramuscular fat content (P = 0.01) than that from EG. Fat from IG presented higher proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (P = 0.002) and lower of polyunsaturated (PUFA) (P = 0.02) and PUFA:SFA ratio (P = 0.007) than that from EG, but the n6:n3 ratio was not influenced. About feeding, the only effects observed were that in IG, diet C and B increased the water holding capacity (P &lt; 0.01). It can be concluded that immunocastration improved the chemical composition of meat, but feeding had scarce effects on pork quality. Besides, fat from EG seems healthier but fat from IG would be fitter for technological processes, such as curing. This work (Project AGL2016-78532-R) was funded by MINECO.
PSXIII-20 Low birth weight pigs gain muscle more efficiently than normal birth weight pigs when limit-fed sow milk replacer formula
Authors: Yonke Joseph , Seymour Kacie 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Postnatal muscle growth is impaired in low birth weight (LBWT) neonatal pigs. Dietary leucine supplementation has been established as a dietary intervention to enhance muscle growth in growing animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of supplementing LBWT neonatal pig diets with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) to enhance the rate of protein accretion. Twenty-four pigs were housed in individual cages starting at 1 d of age. LBWT and normal birth weight (NBWT) were defined when birth weight was 2 SD below or within 0.5 of the litter average. Each LBWT pig was matched with a NBWT same sex littermate and assigned to either the control diet or supplemented with 1% BCAA in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. Diets were isocaloric, isonitrogenous and met NRC requirements. Pigs were fed 250 ml/kg BW/day of control or BCAA sow milk replacers. Carotid and jugular catheters were surgically placed on day 21 for blood sampling. Body composition was measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry on day 0 and 28. On day 29, blood samples were taken over 4 h following a meal. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.4. Plasma leucine, isoleucine, and valine concentrations were greater in pigs fed BCAA (P &lt; 0.001). LBWT pigs had lower weight gain (P &lt; 0.001), average daily gain (P &lt; 0.01), and feed conversion (P &lt; 0.0001), and accreted protein more efficiently (P &lt; 0.0001) than NBWT pigs regardless of diet. Although BCAA supplementation had no effect, these data suggest that LBWT pigs grow leaner and more efficiently than NBWT pigs when limit-fed.