bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statens eller familiens børn? Tvang og omsorg i mødet mellem nytilkomne familier og danske daginstitutioner
Authors: Bregnbæk Susanne , Arent Annelise , Martiny-Bruun Asger , Jørgensen Nanna Jordt 
Published: November 2020

ResuméNytilkomne familier bliver mødt med mange krav fra den danske velfærdsstat. Et af kravene er, at de skal sende deres 0-6 årige børn i dagtilbud, så forældrene kan gå på sprogskole eller komme i praktik. Artiklen belyser nogle af de dilemmaer, der opstår i forældresamarbejdet i mødet mellem pædagoger og nytilkomne familier. Disse dilemmaer udspringer af den myndighedsrolle som pædagogerne har, samtidig med at de ofte får en tæt relation til forældrene, og har et oprigtigt ønske om at hjælpe både børn og forældre til at kunne navigere rundt i det danske samfund. Artiklen bygger på etnografisk feltarbejde i fire kommuner, og de valgte eksempler viser, hvordan pædagogerne navigerer mellem omsorg og magtudøvelse, og hvordan magtrelationen mellem forældre og pædagoger kan være uklar for forældrene og i nogle tilfælde også for pædagogerne selv. Artiklen giver ikke svar på dilemmaerne, men peger på behovet for en stadig professionel refleksion over de pædagogiske udfordringer i forældresamarbejdet samt over den politiske kontekst, som forældresamarbejde med nytilkomne familier indgår i. AbstractChildren of the state or children of the family? Care and coercion in the encounter between refugee families and Danish day-care institutions. Newly arrived families in Denmark are faced with multiple requirement by the Danish welfare state and it is mandatory that they send their children to Danish day-care institutions. Based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out in four day-care institutions in Denmark this article sheds light on some of the dilemmas that arise in the encounter between refuge families and Danish pedagogues. More specifically we focus on the notion “forældresamarbejde” – a term which connotes the widespread idea that parents and institutions must communicate in an intimate way and work together to create the best circumstances for the concerted cultivation of children. Through concrete ethnographic cases we discuss how pedagogues attempt to manage the dilemma between caring for children without disempowering their parents and argue that the pedagogical task requires tact and sensitivity faced with dilemmas that admit no easy resolution since they are inherently contradictory.
Methylthioadenosine (MTA) boosts cell‐specific productivities of Chinese hamster ovary cultures: dosage effects on proliferation, cell cycle and gene expression
Authors: Verhagen Natascha , Zieringer Julia , Takors Ralf 
Published: October 2020

A major goal for process and cell engineering in the biopharmaceutical industry is enhancing production through increasing volumetric and cell‐specific productivities (CSP). Here, we present 5′‐deoxy‐5′‐(methylthio)adenosine (MTA), the degradation product of S‐(5′‐adenosyl)‐L‐methionine (SAM), as a highly attractive native additive which can boost CSP by 79% when added to exponentially growing cells at a concentration of 250–300 μm. Notably, cell viability and cell size remain higher than in non‐treated cultures. In addition, cell cycle arrests first in S‐, then in G2‐phase before levelling out compared to non‐treated cultivations. Intensive differential gene analysis reveals that expression of genes for cytoskeleton mediated proteins and vesicle transport is amplified by treatment. Furthermore, the interaction of MTA with cell proliferation additionally stimulated recombinant protein formation. The results may serve as a promising starting point for further developments in process and cell engineering to boost productivity.
Calculating and estimating second cancer risk from breast radiotherapy using Monte Carlo code with internal body scatter for each out‐of‐field organ
Authors: Takata Takeshi , Shiraishi Kenshiro , Kumagai Shinobu , Arai Norikazu , Kobayashi Takenori , Oba Hiroshi , Okamoto Takahide , Kotoku Jun’ichi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOut‐of‐field organs are not commonly designated as dose calculation targets during radiation therapy treatment planning, but they might entail risks of second cancer. Risk components include specific internal body scatter, which is a dominant source of out‐of‐field doses, and head leakage, which can be reduced by external shielding. Our simulation study quantifies out‐of‐field organ doses and estimates second cancer risks attributable to internal body scatter in whole‐breast radiotherapy (WBRT) with or without additional regional nodal radiotherapy (RNRT), respectively, for right and left breast cancer using Monte Carlo code PHITS. Simulations were conducted using a complete whole‐body female model. Second cancer risk was estimated using the calculated doses with a concept of excess absolute risk. Simulation results revealed marked differences between WBRT alone and WBRT plus RNRT in out‐of‐field organ doses. The ratios of mean doses between them were as large as 3.5–8.0 for the head and neck region and about 1.5–6.6 for the lower abdominal region. Potentially, most out‐of‐field organs had excess absolute risks of less than 1 per 10,000 persons‐year. Our study surveyed the respective contributions of internal body scatter to out‐of‐field organ doses and second cancer risks in breast radiotherapy on this intact female model.
Effect of protective glasses on radiation dose to eye lenses during whole breast irradiation
Authors: Nakamura Tokiko , Suzuki Shoichi , Kato Kyoichi , Pongnapang Napapong , Hayashi Naoki , Kurokawa Chie , Kobayashi Ikuo , Negishi Toru , Matsunami Tamaki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe efficacy of radiotherapy for breast cancer has greatly improved owing to better irradiation methods. Radiotherapy aims to deliver therapeutic doses to predetermined target volumes while sparing surrounding healthy tissues. However, there are few reports on radiation exposure to eye lenses, and the recommended exposure limits to ocular lens have been substantially reduced in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the amount of radiation exposure to eye lenses using optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) and determine whether wearing special protective devices to protect the eyes, as an organ at risk, during whole breast irradiation, is necessary.MethodsThis experiment used OSLDs on water‐equivalent phantom to measure the change in scattered radiation dose due to the difference of irradiation field while using 4‐ and 6‐MV photons of TrueBeam linear accelerator. Using a total treatment dose of 50 Gy, a target was positioned to approximate the breast, and a plan was formulated to deliver 2 Gy per treatment by tangential irradiation. The mean (SD) irradiation dose at the lens position outside the irradiation field was reported.ResultsThe scattered radiation dose outside the irradiation field was more affected by the irradiation field size than by the radiation energy. The out‐of‐field irradiation dose with a larger field of view was higher than that with a smaller field of view. The use of 0.07‐ and 0.83‐mm‐thick lead shield protective glasses reduced the radiation dose by 56.1% (P < .001) and 55.6% (P < .001), respectively.ConclusionsIn this experimental model, the amount of radiation the eye was exposed to during whole breast irradiation was determined by the distance of the eye from the radiation field edge and by wearing protective glasses. In clinical practice, the protection offered by eyeglasses may reduce the risk of long‐term side effects and allow the use of higher intensive radiotherapy.
Organocatalytic Remote Asymmetric Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Oxa‐Diels‐Alder Reaction of Allyl Ketones with Isatin‐Derived Unsaturated Keto Esters
Authors: Lin Ye , Hou Xi‐Qiang , Li Bing‐Yu , Du Da‐Ming 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA remote cascade asymmetric inverse‐electron‐demand oxa‐Diels‐Alder reaction of allyl ketones with isatin‐derived β,γ‐unsaturated α‐keto esters has been developed in the presence of a chiral bifunctional squaramide catalyst. Taking advantage of the secondary amide activating group, a series of enantioenriched 3,4’‐pyranyl spirooxindole derivatives bearing three contiguous chiral centers were attained in high yields (84 to >99%) with excellent enantioselectivities (96–99% ee). Moreover, the gram‐scale synthesis and the construction of 1‐benzazepine scaffold by the product were also demonstrated.magnified image
Präbiotisch plausible RNA‐Aktivierung kompatibel mit ribozymkatalysierter Ligation
Authors: Song Emilie Yeonwha , Jiménez Eddy Ivanhoe , Lin Huacan , Le Vay Kristian , Krishnamurthy Ramanarayanan , Mutschler Hannes 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRNA‐katalysierte RNA‐Ligation wird häufig als Schlüsselreaktion für die Ursprünge der Biologie angesehen. Da jedoch typische Reaktionswege zur Aktivierung von RNA‐Substraten mit der Ribozymkatalyse inkompatibel sind, bleibt unklar, wie präbiotische Systeme aktivierte Bausteine in ausreichender Menge generieren und aufrechterhalten konnten, um zunehmend größere und komplexere RNAs zu bilden. Hier demonstrieren wir die In‐situ‐Aktivierung von RNA‐Substraten unter Bedingungen, die mit der katalytischen Aktivität von Haarnadelschleifen‐Ribozymen vereinbar sind. Wir fanden heraus, dass Diamidophosphat (DAP) und Imidazol die Entstehung von Mono‐ und Oligoribonukleotiden mit 2′,3′‐zyklischen Phosphaten aus monophosphorylierten Vorläufermolekülen in gefrorenem Wassereis ermöglichen können. Diese beständige Aktivierung erlaubt die schrittweise Entstehung langer RNA‐Stränge. Unsere Ergebnisse liefern ein plausibles Szenario für die Erzeugung energiereicher Substrate, die eine ribozymkatalysierte RNA‐Synthese in Abwesenheit eines hoch entwickelten Metabolismus gestatten.
Platin(II)‐Komplexe mit Bis(pyrazolyl)boratliganden: Gesteigerte molekulare Rigidität bei zweizähnigen Ligandsystemen
Authors: Soellner Johannes , Pinter Piermaria , Stipurin Sergej , Strassner Thomas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPlatin(II)‐Komplexe mit cyclometallierten N‐heterocyclischen Carbenliganden können verwendet werden, um tiefblaue Emitter zur Anwendung in organischen Leuchtdioden zu entwickeln. Die photophysikalischen Eigenschaften der resultierenden Moleküle sind jedoch auch stark abhängig von dem eingesetzten Hilfsliganden. Im angeregten Zustand erlauben diese oft Moleküldeformationen, die zu strahlungslosen Relaxationsprozessen führen und damit die erreichbare Quantenausbeute schmälern. Die Verwendung von auf Bis(pyrazolyl)boraten basierenden Hilfsliganden erzwingt aufgrund ihrer tetraedrischen Geometrie eine hohe molekulare Rigidität. Der erhöhte sterische Anspruch der Liganden in der Koordinationssphäre hemmt Deformationsprozesse und führt zu hocheffizienten, tiefblauen Platin(II)‐Emittern mit CIE‐Koordinaten unterhalb von (0.15; 0.15).
Site‐Selective Alkenylation of Unactivated C(sp3)−H Bonds Mediated by Compact Sulfate Radical
Authors: Ueda Mitsuhiro , Kamikawa Kazuya , Fukuyama Takahide , Wang Yi‐Ting , Wu Yen‐Ku , Ryu Ilhyong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA broad variety of unactivated acyclic and alicyclic substrates cleanly undergo site‐selective alkenylation of unactivated C(sp3)−H bonds with 1,2‐bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethene in the presence of persulfate. This simple transformation furnishes (E)‐2‐alkylvinylphenylsulfones in up to 88 % yield. In contrast with the previously reported decatungstate protocol, the current method is applicable to alkenylation of sterically hindered C−H bonds. This important advantage significantly broadens the substrate scope, and is attributed to the compact size of the sulfate radical employed in the C−H activation and cleavage.
Atomic Sandwiched p‐n Homojunctions
Authors: Wu Yu , Liu XiaoQing , Zhang Huijuan , Li Jian , Zhou Miao , Li Liang , Wang Yu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSemiconductor p‐n junctions have been explored and applied in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, but serious carrier recombination and sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) dynamics have demanded further progress in p‐n junction photoelectrode design. Here, via a controllable NH3 treatment, we construct sandwiched p‐n homojunctions in three‐unit‐cells n‐type SnS2 (n‐SnS2) nanosheet arrays using nitrogen (N) as acceptor dopants. The optimal N‐doped n‐SnS2 (pnp‐SnS2) with such unique structure achieves a record photocurrent density of 3.28 mA cm−2, which is 21 times as high as that of n‐SnS2 and the highest value among all the SnS2 photoanodes reported so far. Moreover, the stoichiometric O2 and H2 evolution from water was achieved with Faradaic efficiencies close to 100 %. The superior performance could be attributed to the facilitated electron–hole separation/transfer, accelerated surface OER kinetics, prolonged carrier lifetime, and improved structural stability.
Could aspartame exacerbate caffeine effects on renal maturation in rat's offspring? A biochemical and histological study
Authors: Fareed Shimaa Anter , Mostafa Heba El‐Sayed 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCaffeine and aspartame (ASP) are mostly used as a diet regimen to reduce overweight. The risk increase if used during critical life periods that may affect the development of fetal organs.ObjectiveTo evaluate the individual and combined effects of maternal exposure to caffeine and ASP during gestation and lactation on the kidneys' development of rats' offspring.MethodsPregnant rats were divided randomly into four groups; Group I (control group). Group II (ASP group): ASP was given at a dose of 40 mg of /kg/day. Group III (Caffeine group): caffeine was given at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day. Group IV (ASP & caffeine group); where previous doses of ASP and caffeine were given at the same time. All the treatments were given by oral gavage from the first day of pregnancy until postnatal day 30. Kidneys of rats' offspring were dissected and tested for detection of oxidative stress markers and for histopathological & immunohistochemical examination.ResultsThis study showed a high significant increase in oxidative load (malondialdehyde) in renal tissues in group IV associated with decreased activities of total glutathione and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase). Histological and morphometric examination results showed delayed maturation of renal tissues in Group II and III, but more deleterious effects were observed in group IV with a lot of pathological changes in renal tissues.ConclusionThe extensive use of caffeine and ASP should be controlled to avoid the risk of their toxicity.
Production of trimeric SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein by CHO cells for serological COVID‐19 testing
Authors: Johari Yusuf B. , Jaffé Stephen R. P. , Scarrott Joseph M. , Johnson Abayomi O. , Mozzanino Théo , Pohle Thilo H. , Maisuria Sheetal , Bhayat‐Cammack Amina , Lambiase Giulia , Brown Adam J. , Tee Kang Lan , Jackson Philip J. , Wong Tuck Seng , Dickman Mark J. , Sargur Ravishankar B. , James David C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe describe scalable and cost‐efficient production of full length, His‐tagged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spike glycoprotein trimer by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that can be used to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in patient sera at high specificity and sensitivity. Transient production of spike in both human embryonic kidney (HEK) and CHO cells mediated by polyethyleneimine was increased significantly (up to 10.9‐fold) by a reduction in culture temperature to 32°C to permit extended duration cultures. Based on these data GS‐CHO pools stably producing spike trimer under the control of a strong synthetic promoter were cultured in hypothermic conditions with combinations of bioactive small molecules to increase yield of purified spike product 4.9‐fold to 53 mg/L. Purification of recombinant spike by Ni‐chelate affinity chromatography initially yielded a variety of co‐eluting protein impurities identified as host cell derived by mass spectrometry, which were separated from spike trimer using a modified imidazole gradient elution. Purified CHO spike trimer antigen was used in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay format to detect immunoglobulin G antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 in sera from patient cohorts previously tested for viral infection by polymerase chain reaction, including those who had displayed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) symptoms. The antibody assay, validated to ISO 15189 Medical Laboratories standards, exhibited a specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 92.3%. Our data show that CHO cells are a suitable host for the production of larger quantities of recombinant SARS‐CoV‐2 trimer which can be used as antigen for mass serological testing.
Effect of mental rehearsal on team performance and non-technical skills in surgical teams: systematic review
Authors: Gabbott B , Tennent D , Snelgrove H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Simulation-based training in medical education has become a common method to develop both technical and non-technical skills in teams. Mental rehearsal (MR) is the cognitive act of simulating a task in our heads to pre-experience tasks imaginatively. It has been used widely to improve individual and collective performance in fields outside healthcare, and offers potential for more efficient training in time-pressured surgical and medical team contexts. This study aimed to review the available literature to determine the impact of MR on team performance and non-technical skills in healthcare.

Methods
MEDLINE, Embase, British Educational Index, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycInfo and Cochrane databases were searched for the period 1994–2018. The primary outcome measure was improvement in team performance and non-technical skills. Study quality of RCTs was assessed using the Medical Education Research Quality Instrument. The reported impacts of MR in all included studies were mapped on to the Kirkpatrick framework for evaluation of educational interventions.

Results
Eight studies with 268 participants were identified that met the inclusion criteria, of which there were six randomized trials, one prospective pragmatic trial and one qualitative study. Three studies found MR to be effective in improving team non-technical skills. MR practices were varied and often poorly defined. MR benefited team non-technical skills when it was specifically designed to do so, but was not an automatic consequence of technical MR alone. The majority of studies demonstrated benefits of MR for technical performance, but only three showed positive impacts on teamwork. Overall the studies were of low quality and lacked sufficient discriminatory focus to examine impacts on teamwork dynamics.

Conclusion
MR can improve technical performance, but the benefits on non-technical skills are less clear. Future research should look at longitudinal mixed-method evaluation designs and focus on real clinical teams.
Application of quinpirole in the paraventricular thalamus facilitates emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in mice
Authors: Ao Yawen , Yang Bo , Zhang Caiju , Li Sirui , Xu Haibo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and PurposeDopamine is well‐known to contribute to emergence from anesthesia. Previous studies have demonstrated that the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) in the midline nuclei is crucial for wakefulness. Moreover, the PVT receives dopaminergic projections from the brainstem. Therefore, we hypothesize that the dopaminergic signaling in the PVT plays a role in emergence from isoflurane anesthesia.MethodsWe used c‐Fos immunohistochemistry to reveal the activity of PVT neurons in three groups: The first group (iso+EM‐) underwent the anesthesia protocol and was sacrificed before emergence. The second group (iso+EM+) underwent passive emergence from the same anesthesia protocol. The last group (oxy+) received oxygen. D2‐like agonist quinpirole (2 or 4 mM) or D2‐like antagonist raclopride (2 or 5 mM) was microinjected into the PVT, and their effects on emergence and induction time were analyzed. Surface cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings were used to explore the effects of quinpirole injection into the PVT on cortical excitability during isoflurane anesthesia. The activity of PVT neurons after quinpirole injection was assessed by c‐Fos immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe number of c‐Fos‐positive nuclei for the iso+EM+ group was significantly higher than the oxy+ and iso+EM‐ groups. Application of quinpirole (4 mM) into the PVT shortened emergence time compared with the saline group (p < .01). In contrast, administration of raclopride (2 mM) delayed emergence time (p < .05). Neither quinpirole nor raclopride exerted an effect on induction time. EEG analyses showed that quinpirole (4 mM) decreased the burst suppression ratio during isoflurane anesthesia (p < .01). The number of c‐Fos‐positive nuclei for the quinpirole (4 mM) group was significantly higher than saline group (p < .01).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the activity of PVT neurons is enhanced after emergence from anesthesia, and the dopaminergic signaling in the PVT may facilitate emergence from isoflurane anesthesia.
The case for a qualitative lesion assessment system for coronary angiography
Authors: Jones Tara L. , Golomb Mordechai , Dranow Elizabeth , Welt Frederick G.P. , Shah Pinak B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince the advent of coronary angiography, the standard for reporting of coronary lesion severity has been to utilize percent diameter stenosis (%DS). Given the imperfections of %DS as well as the widespread availability of intraprocedural intracoronary imaging and physiology assessment, it is time to consider a simpler yet more clinically relevant lesion assessment system. We compiled ten actual cases and presented these cases to 10 operators, providing 100 independent lesion assessments. For each case, operators were asked to describe lesions using %DS and a simplified lesion assessment system. We assessed the relationship between %DS and qualitative lesion assessment as well as the relationship of both measurements to the chosen plan. Greater variability exists with %DS than with qualitative lesion assessment. Despite this, there is good correlation between %DS and the qualitative lesion assessment (ρ = 0.8221). There remains overlap of lesion assessment using the qualitative lesion assessment tool suggesting that even with this simpler tool, there remains interobserver variability (ICC = 0.5164, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.2924‐0.7955). When assessing how both lesion assessment, there appears to be a stronger correlation between the qualitative lesion assessment and the chosen plan versus the %DS and the chosen plan (ρ = 0.9069 vs ρ = 0.8001, P < .01). Given the superior performance of the proposed qualitative system and the ability to estimate lesion severity using both anatomic and clinical factors, we feel that professional societies and clinicians should begin to embrace this simplified means of lesion assessment.
Home treatment of type VI mucopolysaccharidosis (Maroteaux‐Lamy syndrome) an alternative at this time of COVID‐19 pandemic: A case in Peru
Authors: Cortez Miranda Jenny Lucy , Blacido Trujillo Lincoln , Liendo Chocano María Elena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report a patient with mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, on long‐term enzyme replacement home therapy. Results support the efficacy and safety benefits, with additional advantage of home therapy to minimize the risk of community‐transmitted infections.