bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Too late to act: when crises become tragic
Authors: Clément Mary-Lieta , Roux-Dufort Christophe 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThis article aims to explore the tragic nature of crisis and identify managers’ decision-making processes and strategies when they are trapped by events beyond their understanding and control. In this article, the tragic is viewed as the collision of an overdetermined scenario perceived as inevitable, insurmountable and irreparable and the managers' strategies to free themselves from this scenario and divert its trajectory.Design/methodology/approachWe make a crossed literature review between crisis management and Greek tragedy as proposed by scholars in classical literature.FindingsWe make two theoretical contributions to the literature on crisis management. First, we articulate a set of research proposals into a model to explain how managers' decisions make the crisis tragic. Second, we enrich the field of crisis management by highlighting strategies in order to avoid them.Originality/valueWe use Greek tragedy, not as a metaphor to characterize the consequences of crises as the authors usually do, but as an analytical lens to explore their inexorable, insurmountable and irremediable nature and the decisions made by managers that would make crises tragic.
Isotype selection for antibody-based cancer therapy
Authors: Vukovic N , van Elsas A , Verbeek J S , Zaiss D M W 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe clinical application of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has revolutionized the field of cancer therapy, as it has enabled the successful treatment of previously untreatable types of cancer. Different mechanisms play a role in the anti-tumour effect of mAbs. These include blocking of tumour-specific growth factor receptors or of immune modulatory molecules as well as complement and cell-mediated tumour cell lysis. Thus, for many mAbs, Fc-mediated effector functions critically contribute to the efficacy of treatment. As immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes differ in their ability to bind to Fc receptors on immune cells as well as in their ability to activate complement, they differ in the immune responses they activate. Therefore, the choice of antibody isotype for therapeutic mAbs is dictated by its intended mechanism of action. Considering that clinical efficacy of many mAbs is currently achieved only in subsets of patients, optimal isotype selection and Fc optimization during antibody development may represent an important step towards improved patient outcome. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of the therapeutic effector functions of different isotypes and Fc-engineering strategies to improve mAbs application.
Diameter‐based measurements of the degree of carotid artery stenosis using ultrasonography
Authors: Larsson Annika C. , Rosfors Stefan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFlow velocity measurement by duplex ultrasonography (DUS) is widely accepted as a preoperative method for grading carotid stenoses. Diameter‐based grading is used for angiographic methods, but so far the experience is limited regarding diameter‐based grading using DUS. In 101 cases with different degrees of carotid stenoses, we compared diameter‐ and velocity‐based grading using DUS and evaluated variability and reproducibility for diameter measurements in 38 of the stenoses. In 18% of the cases, suboptimal image quality with calcifications and acoustic shadowing precluded diameter measurements. In the remaining 83 cases, the agreement between velocity‐based and diameter‐based grading for distinction between significant and non‐significant stenosis was 69% with a kappa value of 0.40. Repeated measurements of diameters showed a coefficient of variation of 10% and intraclass coefficients of correlation of 0.9. We conclude that diameter measurement with DUS can be performed with high reproducibility in most patients with carotid stenosis. These measurements can then be used for calculations of the degree of stenosis, to supplement velocity‐based grading. The moderate agreement between diameter‐based and flow velocity‐based grading cannot easily be explained. Discrepancies probably constitute a mixture of methodological errors and hemodynamic factors and need further evaluation.
Quantifying current and future risks of invasiveness of non‐native aquatic species in highly urbanised estuarine ecosystems—A case study of the River Neretva Estuary (Eastern Adriatic Sea: Croatia and Bosnia–Herzegovina)
Authors: Glamuzina Branko , Tutman Pero , Glamuzina Luka , Vidović Zoran , Simonović Predrag , Vilizzi Lorenzo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBiological invasions are a major driver of global environmental change as invasive non‐native species can exert severe environmental impacts on invaded ecosystems. Estuaries are especially vulnerable to biological invasions, which in highly urbanised areas are further facilitated by introduction pathways linked to commercial activities. This study provides a risk screening of non‐native invasive species for the highly urbanised River Neretva Estuary (Eastern Adriatic Sea: Croatia and Bosnia–Herzegovina). In total, 12 species of non‐native aquatic organisms were identified and screened for their invasiveness with the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit. Of these species, eight were classified as carrying a high risk of invasiveness under current climate conditions and nine under future climate conditions. Amongst the high‐risk species, blue crab Callinectes sapidus has already caused impacts in the risk assessment area, where it also represents an important economic resource. The “horizon” species Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum also carried a high risk of invasiveness, which for the latter species applied under predicted global warming. The present findings will contribute towards preventative management and control measures for the conservation of the natural ecosystem of the River Neretva Estuary whilst accounting for aquatic farming demands.
Unique expatriate factors associated with job dissatisfaction among nurses
Authors: Billah S.M.B. , Saquib N. , Zaghloul M.S. , Rajab A.M. , Aljundi S.M.T. , Almazrou A. , Saquib J. 
Published: November 2020

AimTo assess whether expatriate‐specific factors were associated with nurses’ overall job dissatisfaction after controlling for known factors.BackgroundCurrent evidence about job dissatisfaction among nurses in Saudi Arabia is not specific to expatriate nurses. Specific aspects such as job insecurity, fear of litigation, and language barriers have not been assessed in the context of job dissatisfaction.IntroductionThe majority of nurses in the Arab Gulf countries are expatriate. The motive for employment here is purely financial because there is no path to permanent residency.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional electronic survey of 977 expatriate nurses in Al‐Qassim, Saudi Arabia. The survey included questions on demography, job dissatisfaction (overall and related to salary, workload, and teamwork), job characteristics, job duration as an expatriate, communication issues with patients and doctors, fear of litigation, and job insecurity. We used a hierarchical logistic regression to evaluate whether unique factors were associated with overall job dissatisfaction either as a group, or individually.ResultsThe mean age of the nurses was 32 years, and 19% reported overall job dissatisfaction. The unique expatriate factors as a group contributed significantly to the model. Job insecurity, patient communication problems, and shorter job duration were significantly associated with higher overall job dissatisfaction.ConclusionsJob insecurity, job duration, and patient communication were significant correlates of overall job dissatisfaction among expatriate nurses.Implications for nursing policyA longer job contract and organizational initiatives to help new expatriate nurses acculturate will likely decrease feelings of job insecurity and increase job satisfaction.
Hindsight bias and outcome bias in judging directors’ liability and the role of free will beliefs
Authors: Strohmaier Niek , Pluut Helen , van den Bos Kees , Adriaanse Jan , Vriesendorp Reinout 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFollowing a corporate disaster such as bankruptcy, people in general and damaged parties, in particular, want to know what happened and whether the company's directors are to blame. The accurate assessment of directors’ liability can be jeopardized by having to judge in hindsight with full knowledge of the adverse outcome. The present study investigates whether professional legal investigators such as judges and lawyers are affected by hindsight bias and outcome bias when evaluating directors’ conduct in a bankruptcy case. Additionally, to advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these biases, we also examine whether free will beliefs can predict susceptibility to hindsight bias and outcome bias in this context. In two studies (total N = 1,729), we demonstrate that legal professionals tend to judge a director's actions more negatively and perceive bankruptcy as more foreseeable in hindsight than in foresight and that these effects are significantly stronger for those who endorse the notion that humans have free will. This contribution is particularly timely considering the many companies that are currently going bankrupt or are facing bankruptcy amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Role of endothelial function determined by asymmetric dimethylarginine in the prediction of resistant hypertension: A subanalysis of ReHOT trial
Authors: de Oliveira Beraldo Daniel , Rodrigues Cássio J. , Quinto Beata M. R. , Batista Marcelo C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe authors conducted a subanalysis of the ReHOT (Resistant Hypertension Optimal Treatment) study to evaluate the association between endothelial dysfunction and resistant hypertension in a population of patients treated in a staged fashion for hypertension. One hundred and three hypertensive patients were followed for 6 months and participated in seven visits (V0‐V6) 28 days apart. There was a first phase (V0‐V3) of antihypertensive adjustment with three drugs and determination of resistant hypertension and a second randomized phase (V3‐V6) of treatment with a fourth drug (clonidine or spironolactone) in the hypertensive patients characterized as resistant. Of the 103 patients included, 86 (83.5%) underwent the randomization visit (V3), 71 were characterized as non‐resistant hypertensives (82.5%), and 15 as resistant hypertensives (17.5%). Serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) was shown to be an independent predictor of resistant hypertension after adjustment for multiple variables (OR: 11.42, 95% CI: 1.02‐127.71, P = .048), and in addition, there was a reduction in blood pressure levels and ADMA values during follow‐up with a positive correlation in both groups and a greater reduction in the group of resistant hypertensives. We demonstrated that ADMA was an independent predictor of resistant hypertension, and we observed that the improvement in blood pressure levels obtained with the treatment was proportional to the reduction in ADMA values, suggesting a complementary role of ADMA not only as a stratification tool for the occurrence of resistant hypertension, but also as a possible therapeutic target in this population.
Insights into disparities observed with COVID‐19
Authors: Carethers J.M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe onset of human disease by infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 causing COVID‐19 has revealed risk factors for disease severity. There are four identified factors that put one at high risk for infection and/or mortality creating a disparity: age, co‐morbidities, race/ethnicity and gender. Data indicate that the older a person is, and/or the presence of obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease place one at higher risk for COVID‐19. In the United States, specific race/ethnicities, particularly African Americans and Native Americans, are strong COVID‐19 risk components. Male gender has also emerged as a severity risk factor. For age and racial/ethnicities, the accumulation of health co‐morbidities is common precipitating mechanisms. In particular, underlying socio‐economic structures in the United States likely drive development of co‐morbidities, putting affected populations at higher risk for severe COVID‐19. Sudden cardiac death triggered by a common sodium channel variant in African Americans with COVID‐19 has not been evaluated as a cause for racial disparity. There is no evidence that racial/ethnic differences for COVID‐19 are caused by ABO blood groups, use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or from amino acid substitutions in the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein. There is growing evidence that androgen‐enabled expression of ACE2 receptors and the serine protease TMPRSS2, two permissive elements engaging the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein for infection, may contribute to severe COVID‐19 in men. Overall, COVID‐19 has generated disparities for who is infected and the severity of that infection. Understanding the mechanisms for the disparity will help nullify the differences in risk for COVID‐19.
Reinterpreting Law's Silence: Examining the Interconnections between Legal Doctrine and the Rise of Immaterial Labour
Authors: ROSE EMILY 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecent years have seen a rise in immaterial labour in the United Kingdom and other developed economies. Sociological explanatory accounts of these developments focus primarily on economic drivers. Little, if any, inquiry has been made into the potential role of law. This article seeks to identify the aspects of law that may be constitutive of employer and worker perceptions of the acceptability (or otherwise) of employer demands for immaterial labour. Two key contributions are made. The first is a setting‐out of a methodological approach to exploring the constitutive effect of law that emphasizes the internal operation of legal doctrine as critical to understanding its sociological implications. The second is the development of substantive knowledge on the potential role of law vis‐à‐vis the rise of immaterial labour.
Exploration of the food‐related guilt concept
Authors: Yu Huizi , Chambers Edgar , Koppel Kadri 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere is a continuous need to explore how consumers engage with healthy and sustainable eating behaviors. “Guilt” is a complicated belief that impacts consumers' eating behavior. Consumer‐based characteristics of food that might aid in identifying the perceptions of “guilt‐free,” “less guilt,” or “guilt” were investigated using focus groups. A sorting task was applied to identify product‐grouping patterns by consumers based on different levels of guilt perceptions they had with 18 food and beverage products. Four categories of 45 factors were identified that could elicit guilt perceptions, including (a) intrinsic and (b) extrinsic product characteristics, (c) situational factors, and (d) social‐cultural factors, indicating the complexity and multidimensionality of the “guilt” concept. Moreover, guilt perceptions were found to have a potential impact on leading consumers to seek healthier and sustainable food solutions by positively impacting their food choice, eating and drinking behavior.Practical applicationsThis study showed the importance of understanding the role of guilt in eating behavior, and how guilt is related to product, situational, and social‐cultural factors. The findings set up the theoretical foundation for next step, building up new scales to measure quantitatively food‐related guilt.
Meanings of Loss Among Japanese Suicide Bereaved: Content Analysis of Open‐Ended Responses1
Authors: Kawashima Daisuke , Kawano Kenji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough the importance of meaning‐making among suicide bereaved has been reported, the detailed contents of the process remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the content categories of sense‐making and benefit‐finding in Japanese suicide loss survivors. We conducted content analysis of responses to open‐ended questions in 99 participants. The results indicated that sense‐making activities comprised seven categories, including Deceased was relieved from pain and Suicide is inevitable in modern society. Benefit‐finding also comprised eight categories, such as Treat others with compassion and Live one day at a time with gratitude. The implications of the results are discussed in terms of sociocultural contexts of suicide postvention.
Effects of rifampicin on plasma pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in goats
Authors: Şahiner Hande Sultan , Kum Cavit 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe investigated the pharmacokinetic profile of co‐administration of tulathromycin with rifampicin. Healthy male goats were allocated to three groups (n = 8) as Group A (single dose 2.5 mg/kg tulathromycin s.c.), B (10 mg kg−1 day−1 rifampicin p.o. daily for 7 days and single dose 2.5 mg/kg tulathromycin s.c. on 8th day), and C (10 mg kg−1 day−1 rifampicin p.o. daily for 21 days and single dose 2.5 mg/kg tulathromycin s.c. on 8th day). Blood samples were collected from jugular veins. Plasma samples were analyzed for tulathromycin by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Peak plasma concentration (Cmax) values of tulathromycin were 1,390 ± 173, 958 ± 106, and 807 ± 116 ng/ml in groups A, B, and C, respectively. Cmax value of group A was greater than other groups (p < .05). Mean residence time based on time zero to last sample time (MRTlast) values were 52 ± 1, 56 ± 4 and 66 ± 4 hr in A, B, and C groups, respectively whereas mean residence time based on time zero extrapolated to infinity (MRTINF_obs) values were 69 ± 4, 85 ± 5, and 86 ± 4 hr, respectively. MRTlast and MRTINF_obs values were greater in B and C groups than group A (p < .05). These findings suggest that rifampicin administration may change several pharmacokinetic parameters of tulathromycin in goats.
Nurses' experiences of caring for patients during a prolonged critical illness
Authors: Minton Claire , Batten Lesley 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe literature regarding nurses' experiences of caring for chronically critically ill (CCI) patients is scant, however, there are subtleties within the literature, identifying nurses are often challenged providing care to this patient group. This can lead to feeling frustrated, lack of control, and distress.Aims and objectivesAs part of a larger study, this paper reports nurses' experiences of caring for patients during a prolonged critical illness in the intensive care unit (ICU).DesignA longitudinal, qualitative, instrumental, multi‐case study consisting of six cases from four New Zealand ICUs was conducted. Theoretical underpinnings were informed by the Chronic Illness Trajectory Framework. The principles of consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research were applied in reporting the methods and findings.MethodsPatients, family members, nurses, and other health care professionals constituted the participant groups in the larger body of work. Data were collected from observations, conversations, interviews, and document review. Data were analysed by identifying themes, developing vignettes, and trajectory mapping.ResultsNurses' experiences of caring for CCI patients in the ICU can be framed by a prolonged critical illness trajectory that is unpredictable, problematic, and prolonged. Nurses experienced distress in one of the phases in the trajectory because of uncertainty about a positive outcome for the patient related to multiple complications, with anxiety, delirium, and the suffering they witnessed. Nurses were frustrated and challenged to meet all the patient's needs because of the many tasks they needed to complete over the shift.ConclusionUnderstanding the trajectory of a prolonged critical illness from the perspective of nurses, allows for challenges to be identified and is the first step in improving practice through the education of nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding the challenges posed by caring for CCI patients will assist in improving their interactions and prioritizing their care for nurses.
Nursing professionals’ experiences of person‐centred practices in hospital settings
Authors: Tiainen Minna , Suominen Tarja , Koivula Meeri 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPerson‐centred culture has been studied very little in Scandinavian Countries, yet it significantly affects in the care experiences of patients and staff. Current research indicates there are many factors restricting or enabling person‐centred care in the hospital setting.AimThe purpose of this study was to describe person‐centred practice in hospital settings and the factors associated with it.MethodData were collected from nursing professionals (N = 276) in a purposefully selected city hospital in one hospital district in Finland. The professionals worked in inpatient wards that had the average duration of treatment period more than one day. The Person‐Centred Practice Inventory‐Staff (PCPI‐S) instrument was used to obtain data via an electronic questionnaire. Data were analysed statistically.ResultsA 30% response rate was achieved (n = 82). Person‐centred practice was described in positive ways. Nursing professionals’ assessments of the implementation of person‐centred practice were fairly positive, prerequisites (mean = 3.93, SD = 0.40), the care environment (mean = 3.64, SD = 0.50) and the care process (mean = 3.98, SD = 0.42). There were a few background factors such as the nursing professionals’ age, job title, work experience in current unit, employment relationship and the number of nursing professionals in the ward that were associated with how they assessed the prerequisites of person‐centred practice. Nursing professionals’ demographic variables such as their job title and working experience in nursing associated with how they assessed the implementation of person‐centredness in the care environment and the care process.ConclusionsNursing professionals have the ability to implement person‐centred practice. However, newly graduated or less experienced nursing professionals need support to explore person‐centredness in their work.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of Toxoplasma gondii in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Europe
Authors: Fanelli Angela , Battisti Elena , Zanet Stefania , Trisciuoglio Anna , Ferroglio Ezio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to summarize the available knowledge on the seroprevalence of T. gondii in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Europe. A computerized literature search of electronic databases (PubMed and CAB abstracts) was performed along with hand searches of library resources for relevant papers, books, abstracts and conference proceedings. A random‐effect model was employed to calculate pooled seroprevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals, and I2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. Further, moderator analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of geographical area on the seroprevalence in roe deer. From a total of 190 studies initially identified, 16 and 8 articles were included for roe deer and red deer, respectively. These comprise 3,913 roe deer and 2,913 red deer from different European countries. The pooled seroprevalence was estimated to be 29% (95% CI: 23%–35%) in roe deer and 15% (95% CI: 10%–20%) in red deer. High heterogeneity was detected in the seroprevalence data within each species. In roe deer, the pooled seroprevalence estimate was significantly different according to geographical area with 40% (95% CI: 31%–49%) in Western Europe, 31% (95% CI: 21%–43%) in Northern Europe, 27% (95% CI: 15%–41%) in Eastern Europe and 21% (95% CI: 14%–28%) in Southern Europe. The present study indicates a moderate exposure to T. gondii in roe deer and red deer in Europe, with very high prevalence in Western Europe. Our results highlight the significant risk associated to the consumption of venison, encouraging proper handling and cooking of game meat to prevent toxoplasmosis in humans.