bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The underlying dimensions of major depressive symptoms in a sample of Chinese earthquake survivor
Authors: Bi Yajie , Wang Li , Cao Chengqi , Fang Ruojiao , Li Gen , Liu Ping , Luo Shu , Hall Brian , Yang Haibo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Experiencing natural disasters is associated with common mental disorders including major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the latent structure of MDD is widely debated, and few studies examined the structure of MDD in Chinese natural disaster survivors. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the factorial validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for DSM-5 major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms in Chinese earthquake survivors.Method: Participants were 1058 Chinese earthquake survivors. Self-reported measures included the PHQ-9 and the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to examine the latent structure of MDD and the associations between latent factors of MDD and different aspects of health-related quality of life, respectively.Results: The model comprised of somatic and non-somatic factors demonstrated significantly better fit than the other competing MDD models in the current sample. Further structural equation modeling analyses indicated that the non-somatic factor was significantly associated with both physical and psychosocial health-related quality of life, while the somatic factor was a uniquely predictor of physical health-related quality of life. Furthermore, the somatic factor was found to partially mediate the relationship between the non-somatic factor and physical health-related quality of life.Conclusions: The MDD symptoms was best captured by a two-factor model comprised of somatic and non-somatic factors in Chinese natural disaster survivors. The two MDD factors were differentially associated with physical and psychosocial health-related quality of life, and the non-somatic factor associated physical health-related quality of life partially through the somatic factor. The current findings add to extant knowledge of latent structure of MDD symptoms, and carry implications for assessment and intervention of post-disaster mental health problems.
Cognitive behavioral group therapy for panic disorder in a general clinical setting: a prospective cohort study with 24-year follow-up
Authors: Bilet Truls , Olsen Thorbjørn , Andersen John Roger , Martinsen Egil W 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The long-term prognosis after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in outpatient groups for panic disorder and agoraphobia is not well known. The purpose of this study was to assess long-term outcomes in terms of psychological health, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), quality of life (QoL) and treatment satisfaction after CBT for panic disorder and agoraphobia.Methods: The sample consisted of 68 patients (61% response rate), who were assessed at pretreatment; at the start and end of treatment; and after 3 months, after one year, and over the long term (M= 24 years; SD = 5.3). The main outcome was the total score on the Phobic Avoidance Rating Scale (PARS-total). At long-term follow-up, HRQoL was measured with the RAND-12 questionnaire, and QoL was measured with two questions from the “Study on European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions”. Patient experiences and treatment satisfaction were assessed by the Generic Short Patient Experiences Questionnaire. A marginal longitudinal model was applied to study the main outcome.Results: The effect size of the change (mean change/SD of pretreatment) in the PARS-total score was (-1.19, p <0.001) at the end of treatment and remained stable thereafter. A PARS-total score reduction of 50% was found in 98% of patients at the long-term follow-up. The patients’ HRQoL and QoL were similar to the expected scores for the general Norwegian population. Of the patients, 95% reported high to very high satisfaction with the CBT, and 93% reported large treatment benefits.Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study has the longest follow-up after group CBT for panic disorder and agoraphobia, showing a good prognosis in ≥ 93% of the participating patients.
Use of sequence analysis for classifying individual antidepressant trajectories to monitor population mental health
Authors: Cherrie Mark , Curtis Sarah , Baranyi Gergő , McTaggart Stuart , Cunningham Niall , Licence Kirsty , Dibben Chris , Bambra Clare , Pearce Jamie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background

Over the past decade, antidepressant prescriptions have increased in European countries and the United States, partly due to an increase in the number of new cases of mental illness. This paper demonstrates an innovative approach to the classification of population level change in mental health status, using administrative data for a large sample of the Scottish population. We aimed to identify groups of individuals with similar patterns of change in usage, validate these groups with other indicators of mental illness, and characterise the population most at risk of increasing mental ill health.

Methods

NHS prescription data were linked to the Scottish Longitudinal Study, a 5.3% sample of the Scottish population (N=151,418). Antidepressant prescription status over the previous six months was recorded for every month for which data were available (January 2009-December 2014), and sequence dissimilarity was computed by optimal matching. Hierarchical clustering was used to create groups of participants who had similar patterns of change, with multi-level logistic regression used to understand group membership.

Results

Five distinct prescription pattern groups were observed, indicating: no prescriptions (76%), occasional prescriptions (10%), continuation of prior use of prescriptions (8%), new course of prescriptions started (4%) or ceased taking prescriptions (3%). Young, white, female participants, of low social grade, residing in socially deprived neighbourhoods, living alone, being separated/divorced or out of the labour force, were more likely to have become prescribed a new course of antidepressants.

Conclusions

The use of sequence analysis for classifying individual antidepressant trajectories offers a novel approach for capturing population-level changes in mental health. By classifying individuals into groups based on their anti-depressant medication use we can better identify the determinants of changes in mental health, from compositional, contextual, to macro political and economic factors.
Sinhala translation of Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale: A valid and reliable tool to detect anxiety among pregnant women
Authors: Priyadarshanie Nirmala , Fernando DMS , Waas MDIA , Senaratna BCV , Goonewardena CSE , Balasuriya A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Anxiety disorders during pregnancy are not routinely assessed in Sri Lanka despite being common and leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes. A screening tool will help early detection and management of anxiety to improve pregnancy outcomes. Our aim was to determine the validity of Sinhala translation of Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) to detect anxiety among Sri Lankan pregnant women.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in antenatal clinics of ateaching hospital in Colombo. PASS was translated to Sinhala language using the standard translation/back-translation method. Pregnant women (n=221) were sequentially recruited and assessed by a psychiatrist until 81 women with anxiety disorder were diagnosed usingInternational Classification of Diseases-10 criteria(gold standard). Sinhala translation of PASS (PASS-S) was administered to all recruited women, including to 139women without anxiety. Receiver-Operator-Characteristics(ROC) analysis was performed, the optimal cut-off score for PASS-S was determined, and its validity was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and positive and negative likelihood ratios.Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’salpha.Test-retest and inter-rater reliabilityfor PASS-S score and anxiety classification were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cohen’s kappa (k), respectively.Results Mean age( + SD) of women was 30( + 5.8) years. Of them,53.7% were multiparous. Psychiatrist diagnosed anxiety disorder in 37.0% of women while PASS-S at its optimal cut-off of 20 classified 37.5% of women as having anxiety. Area under the ROC curve for PASS-S was 0.96 (95% CI0.94-0.99).Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of PASS-S were 0.93(95%CI 0.84-0.97), 0.90(95%CI0.83-0.94), 0.85(95%CI0.75-0.90)and 0.95(95% CI0.89-0.98),respectively. Positive and negative likelihood ratios were 8.8(95%CI 5.3-14.5) and 0.08(95% CI0.04-0.18), respectively. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s alpha 0.95).Four factor structures obtained by exploratory factor analysis were“Generalized anxiety, acute anxiety and adjustment difficulties”,“Social anxiety, excessive worry and specific fears”,”Perfectionism, control andtrauma” and “Generalized anxiety”.Test-retest reliability was high for the PASS-S score (ICC 0.85 [95%CI 0.65-0.96]) and anxiety classification (k0.77 [95%CI 0.34-1.2]).Inter-interviewer reliability was also high(ICC 0.92 [95%CI0.81-0.97] for the PASS-S score and (k0.86 [95%CI0.59-1.1] for anxiety classification).Conclusion Sinhala translation of PASS is a valid and reliable instrument to screen for anxiety disorders among antenatal women in Sri Lanka.
Suicidality and associated social, demographic and clinical factors in Thai patients with acutely treated depressive disorder: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chiddaycha Mayteewat , Lueboonthavatchai Peeraphon 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Some depressed people die by suicide although they are in treatment. The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of suicidality and to identify the associated social, demographic and clinical factors in Thai patients with acutely treated depressive disorders.Patients and methods A sample of 178 in- and outpatients with depressive disorders who were treated within the six-month period of being diagnosed or of a recurrent episode were recruited from a tertiary hospital during November 2017 to April 2018. The associations between suicide risks assessed using the suicidality module of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and various factors including demographic data, depressive severity, interpersonal problems, social support, family relationships, and life stress events were analyzed by chi-square test. Logistic regression was used for identification of the potential predictors of moderate-to-high suicide risk.Results Most of the subjects were single (80.9%), female (68%), and in early adulthood (mean age 28.9, SD 11.2). The prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt within one month, and previous history of suicide attempt during lifetime were 62.4%, 35.4% and 41%, respectively. The prevalence of suicidality (76.4%) and moderate-to-high suicide risk (48.4%) were high. The factors associated with moderate-to-high suicide risk were lower age, no religion, unemployment, history of substance use within one year, moderate-to-severe level of depression, being an in-patient, short duration of treatment, receiving benzodiazepines, having interpersonal role disputes, having interpersonal deficits, low social support, poor family relationships and functioning, and high severity level of health stress events. Potential predictors of moderate-to-high suicide risk were moderate-to-severe levels of depression, poor family relationships and functioning, age of 20 or lower, being an in-patient, and receiving benzodiazepines.Conclusion The prevalence of suicidality in patients with acutely treated depressive disorder was found to be high. Depressive severity and social factors such as poor family relationships were highly associated with suicide risk. Knowledge of these factors may raise awareness of suicide prevention during the course of treatment of depression.
Classification of vulnerability levels using multivariate biomarkers in schizophrenia: a machine-learning approach
Authors: Caldani Simona , Vialatte François-Benoît , Baelde Aurélien , Bucci Maria Pia , Bendjemaa Narjes , Mam-Lam-Fook Célia , Gaillard Raphaël , Krebs Marie-Odile , Amado Isabelle 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disease involving cognitive and motor impairments. Motor dysfunctions, such as eye movements or neurological soft signs (NSS), are proposed as endophenotypic markers. Methods Machine-learning method applied on oculomotor performances using comprehensive testing with prosaccades, antisaccades, memory-guided saccade tasks and smooth pursuit, as well as NSS assessment, was used to discriminate patients with schizophrenia (SZ), full siblings of patients (FS) and healthy volunteers (C). Results The most reliable classification was between C and SZ, with only 15% and 12% of error rates for validation and test, whereas the SZ vs . FS classification provided the highest error rates (32% of error rate in both validation and test). Interestingly, NSS were selected as the best predictor, together with a combination of measures, for the two classifications: C vs . SZ, SZ vs . FS. In addition, memory-guided saccades were consistently selected among the best two multimodal features for the classifications involving the control group (C vs. SZ or FS). Conclusions Taken together, these results emphasize the importance of neurological soft signs and sensitive oculomotor parameters, especially memory-guided saccades. This classification provides promising avenues for improving early detection of / early intervention in psychosis.
Prevalence and Distribution Pattern of Mood Swings in Thai Adolescents: School-based Survey
Authors: Angsukiattitavorn Suleemas , Seeherunwong Acharaporn , Panitrat Rungnapa , Tipayamongkholgul Mathuros 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Mood Swings (MS) is a condition widely discussed as a prominent feature with psychiatric patients. However, there is a lack of research related MS. Methods: This school-based, cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution pattern of mood swings on personal and contextual determinants in Thai adolescent. The participants were 2,598 students in high school and vocational school in Bangkok and central region of Thailand. Results : the prevalence of mood swings was 26.4%. It was most frequent among the vocational students in Bangkok, there was 37.1%. The distribution of mood swings could be found in adolescents who had risk behaviors and who resided in hazardous situation. The probabilities of MS by characteristic in those 15 – 24 years old were: bullying involvement 36.9% (n=1293), problematic social media use 55.9%(n=127), high expressed emotion in family 36.6% (n=1256), and studying in vocational program 29.5%(n=1,216) and school located in Bangkok 32.4%(n=561). Also, substance use was a risk to MS as with cannabis 41.8%(n=55) and heroin users 48.0%(n=25). Hierarchical logistic regression analysis showed that being female, the family history of mental problems, bullying involvement, problematic social media use, high expressed emotion in family, and the interaction between vocational programs and metropolitan/urban residence were impacted adolescent mood swings (p < .05). Conclusions: our ﬁndings indicate that the pattern of mood swings was associated with signiﬁcant bullying involvement, social media use, family circumstance and school characteristics. The public needs greater awareness of mood swings patterns and the positive implications of MS screening. Moreover, early preventive interventions which may stem later mental illness are needed. Keywords : Mood swings, Adolescent, Prevalence, Distribution
Cultural adaptation of the mental health first aid guidelines for assisting a person at risk of suicide to China: a Delphi expert consensus study
Authors: Lu Shurong , Li Wenjing , Oldenburg Brian , Wang Yan , Jorm Anthony F. , He Yanling , Reavley Nicola J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Suicide is a significant public health concern in China and there is a need for evidence-based suicide prevention programs to assist people in the community who may be in a position to support those in their social networks who are at risk of suicide. English-language mental health first aid guidelines for this purpose have been developed. However, due to differences in culture, language and health systems, guidelines for English-speaking countries require cultural adaptation for use in China. Methods A Delphi expert consensus study was conducted among mainland Chinese panellists with a diverse range of expertise in suicide crisis intervention (n = 56). Using the mental health first aid guidelines used in English-speaking countries as a basis, a questionnaire containing 141 statements on how to help a person at risk of suicide was developed and translated. Panellists were asked to rate their importance of each item for inclusion in the Chinese guidelines. They were also encouraged to suggest any additional statements that were not included in the original questionnaire. Statements were accepted for inclusion in the adapted guidelines if they were endorsed by at least 80% of panellists as essential or important. Results Consensus was achieved after two survey rounds on 152 statements for inclusion in the adapted guidelines for China, with 141 adopted from the guidelines for English-speaking countries and 11 generated from the comments of panellists. Conclusions While the adapted guidelines were similar to the guidelines for English-speaking countries, they also incorporated actions specific to the Chinese context, including Chinese attitudes towards suicide, the role of families and friends and removal of the means of suicide. Further research is needed to investigate the use of the guidelines by the Chinese public and the implementation of Mental Health First Aid training in appropriate settings in China.
Lifestyle changes and outcomes of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment: a 4-year longitudinal study
Authors: Katayama Osamu , Lee Sangyoon , Bae Seongryu , Makino Keitaro , Shinkai Yohei , Chiba Ippei , Harada Kenji , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Longitudinal studies have shown that mild cognitive impairment (MCI; a precursor of dementia) reverts to normal cognition (NC). However, we couldn’t find any reports that have examined the lifestyle activity change patterns of elderly people diagnosed as having MCI and their outcomes in a longitudinal study. We determined the lifestyle activity change patterns among elderly people with MCI. Methods The participants in this study were 769 community-dwelling elders who were ≥65 years old with MCI at baseline. Four years later, participants were classified into reverters who recovered from MCI to NC, maintainers who maintained MCI, and converters who had global cognitive impairment (GCI) or Alzheimer disease (AD). We used latent class analysis (LCA) to classify changes in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and cognitive, social, and productive activities of the participants. Subsequently, we performed a multinomial logistic regression analysis with reversion status as dependent variable (the most typical, converters as reference group) and cluster membership as independent variables. Results The reversion rate of 769 participants was 33.3%. The reverters were maintaining multidomain lifestyle activities, converters had discontinued multidomain lifestyle activity or were inactive, and maintainers were maintaining productive activities. According to logistic regression analysis, the activity pattern of continuing to engage in multidomain lifestyle activities and start activity were more likely to recover from MCI to NC (P <.05). Conclusions Elderly participants with MCI who continued their multidomain lifestyle activities were more likely to recover to NC. Even if it does not lead to NC, continuing productive activities is important to maintaining MCI without converting.
Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus Circulating among Injecting Drug Users (IDU) in Kilifi County, Kenya.
Authors: Mainga Robert Onchong'a , Eddy Odari Okoth , Peter Borus Kimutai , Allan Ole Kwallah , James Murith Gikunda , Vincent Ruttoh Kiplangat , Charles Mwandawiro Smiti , Raphael Lihana Wekesa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Hepatitis C virus is a major global health problem estimated to infect over 170 million people globally with the most common route of infection being injecting drug use (IDU). Treatment for HCV infection has traditionally been shown to be genotype specific; however the available drugs are still expensive and out of reach in many developing countries. To improve on monitoring, there is need to continuously document the genotypic burden and epidemiology in different populations arises. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the circulating genotypes and link the data to the socio-demographics of injecting drug users in Kilifi County along the Kenyan coastline. Methods: Using a random sampling method, this was a cross-sectional prospective study conducted among 127 injecting drug users, whereby ethical clearance was sought from Kenyatta National Hospital/ University of Nairobi Ethical and Research review committee (KNH/UON-ERC), and Reference number P366/07/2017 on 25 th September 2017. Serology for HCV was done followed by nucleic acid amplification and eventual genotyping. Socio-demographic data was collected using questionnaire administered at the sites. Results: A total of 28 (23 males and 5 females) samples out of 127 samples were positive for HCV giving a prevalence of 22.1%. The modal age group was 25- 49 years. Of the positive samples, 11 were amplified by PCR, all from the male IDUs. Prevalent genotypes included genotype 1a (13%) and genotype 4a (87%). Both genotype 1a and 4a were only found in males. Conclusion: Although it is the first time to report HCV4a in Kilifi town and Mtwapa as compared to Watamu and Malindi which had both HCV1a and HCV4a. Tourists born in countries where HCV prevalence is high are supposed to be screened before accessing entry to Kilifi County. No clinical trial was conducted. The study reveals the burden of HCV infection among IDUs in Kilifi County. The Government should formulate policies for intervention on testing and treatment of HCV in Kilifi County targeting IDUs in order to minimize spread to other populations.