bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum MicroRNA Differences Between Fracture in Postmenopausal Women with and without Diabetes
Authors: Ren Cheng , Li Ming , Sun Liang , Li Zhong , Lu Yao , Wang Qian , Ma Teng , Xue Han‐zhong , Zhang Kun 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo screen serum microRNAs (miRNAs) which could discriminate fracture status in postmenopausal women with or without diabetes.MethodsThe miRNA expression profile dataset GSE70318 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. This dataset composed of 74 samples, among these, 55 postmenopausal women was selected for bioinformatics analysis, including 19 osteoporotic fracture patients with type‐2 diabetes, 19 osteoporotic fracture patients without type‐2 diabetes, and 17 healthy control subjects. These samples were divided into two groups: fracture patients with diabetes vs healthy subjects (FH group) and fracture patients without diabetes vs healthy subjects (DFH group). Then, the differentially expressed miRNA (DEMs) in FH group and DFH group were respectively identified. The target genes of DEMs were predicted, followed by functional enrichment analysis. Furthermore, DEMs related to long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were screened, and DEMs‐lncRNA‐target genes network was constructed. Subsequently, principal component analysis (PCA) of DEMs was performed to further explore the expression characteristics of the selected miRNAs in different types of fracture samples. Finally, the expression level of significant DEMs was calculated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to verify the accuracy of the results of bioinformatics analysis.ResultsA total of 18 and 23 DEMs were identified in FH and DFH groups, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that genes in FH group were significantly enriched in regulation of transcription (GO: 0045449) and genes in DFH group were mainly enriched in cellular response to hormone stimulus (GO: 0032870). Meanwhile, pathway analysis indicated that genes in FH group were primarily enriched in T cell receptor signaling pathway (hsa04660) and genes in DFH group were mainly implicated in neurotrophin‐signaling pathway (hsa04722). Moreover, the miRNA‐lncRNA analysis revealed that miR‐155‐5p regulated by lncRNA MIR155HG was up‐regulated in FH group; in addition, the miR‐181c was significantly up‐regulated and miR‐375 was observably down‐regulated in DFH group. Furthermore, PCA analysis suggested that the screened miRNAs were able to differentiate these two types of fractures in postmenopausal women. The miR‐181c and miR‐375 might be regarded as potential predictors for fracture, while miR‐155‐5p might be a candidate diagnostic biomarker for diabetic fracture. Finally, the results of qPCR were consistent with that of microarray data.ConclusionsOverall, these three miRNAs might be regarded as potential diagnostic biomarkers to discriminate fracture status in postmenopausal women with and or without diabetes, and they served a putative role in the pathogenesis of these two diseases. However, these findings were only observed in serum samples and further clinical trials are urgently demanded to validate our results.
Low‐budget, single‐session elimination of CIED pocket infection
Authors: Roshdy Hisham , Seaoud Elshaimaa , Elbelbesy Radwa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe dramatic increase in the use of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) was associated with an increased rate of CIED infection, which has a high management cost.Aim of the StudyTo test the safety and efficacy of a single‐session protocol, aiming to reuse the infected pocket side and the same device and leads in patients with CIED pocket infection.Patients and MethodsWe included patients with isolated pocket infection between January 2015 and November 2019. The Patient was prepared by taking a swab for culture and sensitivity before the procedure. The pocket was debrided and the capsule was removed, the pocket was rinsed with povidone‐iodine and hydrogen peroxide mixture, then packed with gauze sponge soaked with povidone‐iodine. The device was debrided using ultrasonic irrigation and sterilized using gas plasma. The device was reimplanted and the wound was closed in layers.ResultsDuring the period of the study, we had 12 patients with isolated pocket infection. Nine presented with erosion, two with impending erosion, and one with a chronic sinus. Patient's age was 61.5 ± 7.64 years. The infection was diagnosed 14.2 ± 8.22 weeks post device implantation. They were admitted for 7.6 ± 1.54 days postprocedure. The follow‐up duration was 26.5 ± 15 (1.7–52) months. Only one patient (8%) had a recurrence of the infection after 50 days of the procedure.ConclusionOur protocol was successful in treating 92% of device‐related pocket infection without the need to replace the device or the pocket side.
Retrieval of a leadless transcatheter pacemaker from the right pulmonary artery: A case report
Authors: Romeo Emanuele , D'Alto Michele , Cappelli Maurizio , Nigro Gerardo , Correra Anna , Colonna Diego , Sarubbi Berardo , Golino Paolo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis case report describes a procedure of retrieval of a leadless transcatheter pacemaker from the right pulmonary artery 3 days after device implantation. An 80‐year‐old man affected by ischemic cardiomyopathy and sinus node dysfunction was implanted with a leadless transcatheter pacemaker in the low septum of the right ventricle. Three days after the procedure, the leadless pacemaker migrated into a side branch of the right pulmonary artery. The device was successfully removed using two snares hooked to a tine via the proximal retrieval feature.
3D point‐cloud spatial expansion by total least‐squares line fitting
Authors: Dąbrowski Paweł S. , Zienkiewicz Marek H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPoint‐cloud spatial expansion (PCSE) allows the creation of a new point‐cloud form that presents an alternative geometry of an entire object in a single spatial view. Spatial expansion facilitates the analysis process and introduces an additional spatial parameter describing the point cloud. An important element of the PCSE method is determining the position of the axis of symmetry of a symmetrical object: the procedure for determining the parameters of this axis (set of cross‐sectional centres) of the object’s point cloud by the total least‐squares method is presented. The estimation results were used to create a spatial expansion of the point cloud of a cylindrical object, demonstrating the usefulness of total least‐squares fitting to the PCSE method.
Cooperation with Police in China: Surveillance Cameras, Neighborhood Efficacy and Policing
Authors: Wu Yuning , Sun Ivan Y. , Hu Rong 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveGiven the paucity of research on Chinese cooperation with the police and the underdevelopment of knowledge on the influence of surveillance videos on such cooperation, this study investigates the interplay of surveillance cameras and neighborhood collective efficacy, police fairness, and police effectiveness in shaping public willingness to cooperate with the police.MethodsRelying on face‐to‐face survey interview data collected from 751 residents in a southern city in China, this study used Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis to examine the key correlates of Chinese willingness to cooperate with the police.ResultsThe results reveal positive influences of video surveillance, collective efficacy, police fairness, and police effectiveness on cooperative desires. Notably, the cooperation‐promoting effect of surveillance cameras is most profound among people who live in neighborhoods with high levels of collective efficacy and people who perceive low levels of police fairness.ConclusionThese findings affirm that formal and informal social control interlock in determining the public's cooperative willingness, and reiterate the need for testing theoretical interactions. They also help us understand the underlying reasons that may explain the public's reliance on video surveillance to make their decisions about helping the police in the context of China.
Cognitive Sophistication, Religion, and the Trump Vote
Authors: Sherkat Darren E. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesSupport for Donald has been linked to religious commitments and education, though the issue of how cognitive sophistication may play a role in his support has rarely been examined. This study explores how cognitive sophistication and religion influenced political orientations and Trump voting.MethodsData from the 2018 General Social Survey are examined. Logistic regression is used to predict voting and choice. Structural equation models are estimated to examine the interrelationships between cognitive ability, education, religious commitments, political orientations, and the Trump vote.ResultsCognitive sophistication was found to have a positive effect on voting, but a negative effect on choosing Trump. The influence of cognitive sophistication works through its support for secular beliefs and opposition to biblical inerrancy, influencing Republican partisanship and political conservatism that favored Trump.ConclusionsCognitive sophistication and educational attainment are important for influencing political commitments and the Trump vote, and the effect of cognitive sophistication is entwined with its negative association with religious fundamentalism and positive association with secularism.
Finding learning amidst the maelstrom: Storytelling, trauma, and hope
Authors: Hess Mary E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe are living through a time of uncertainty and change in which our educational priorities can be re‐ordered. A time during which what it means to teach and learn in theology and religious studies can be a vivid and powerful resource to our wider contexts. We are living in a time of context collapse. Narrative is one key route to engaging and sharing context. Pedagogy during this time must be trauma‐informed. Our work in higher education needs to be about igniting curiosity, curating appropriate materials, and sharing practices rather than about covering content.
Pollination from invasive dandelions is unlikely to reduce seed production in the native Japanese dandelion, Taraxacum japonicum
Authors: Kyogoku Daisuke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReproductive interference occurs when closely related species interact reproductively, affecting the fitness of either or both species. Understanding the mechanisms by which reproductive interference reduces fitness can be crucial for effective management and the interpretation of the functional significance of traits. Invasive apomictic dandelions reproductively interfere with the seed production of Taraxacum japonicum, a sexual species native to part of the Japanese archipelago. The simultaneous deposition of both apomictic and conspecific pollen on the stigma of T. japonicum has been hypothesised to lead to interspecific fertilisation, producing empty seeds. However, experimental results appear to vary across studies. The invasive apomict is often assumed to be T. officinale, but other apomicts are morphologically similar to T. officinale, and only some may reproductively interfere with T. japonicum. Here, hand pollination experiments were performed using potted plants to control the identities of apomictic dandelions. No evidence was found for a negative effect of apomictic pollen on T. japonicum. Based on my experimental results and the review of relevant previous studies, I concluded that the simultaneous deposition of apomictic and conspecific pollen likely leads to a normal level of seed production in T. japonicum, suggesting that mechanisms other than interspecific pollen competition for fertilisation underlie reproductive interference by apomictic dandelions on T. japonicum.
Peek at the glass ceiling: gender distribution of leadership among emergency medicine residency programs
Authors: Parsons Melissa , Krzyzaniak Sara , Mannix Alexandra , Rocca Nicole , Chan Teresa M , Gottlieb Michael 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundA gender gap in faculty rank at academic institutions exists; however, data among graduate medical education (GME) programmes are limited. There is a need to assess gender disparities in GME leadership, as a lack of female leadership may affect recruitment, role modelling and mentorship of female trainees. This cross-sectional study aimed to describe the current state of gender in programme leadership (department chair, programme director (PD), associate/assistant PD (APD) and clerkship director (CD)) at accredited Emergency Medicine (EM) programmes in the USA to determine whether a gender gap exists.MethodsA survey was distributed to EM residency programmes in the USA assessing demographics and gender distribution among programme leadership. If no response was received, information was collected via the programme’s website. Data were organised by position, region and length of the programme. We obtained data on the number of female EM physicians in practice and in training/fellowship in 2017 from the Association of American Medical Colleges. Data analysis was completed using descriptive statistics and χ2analysis.ResultsOf the 226 programmes contacted, 148 responded to the survey (66.3%). Among US EM residency programmes, 11.2% of chairs, 34.6% of PDs, 40.5% of APDs and 46.5% of CDs are women. The percentage of female chairs is significantly lower than the percentage of women in practice or in training in EM. The percentage of female PDs did not differ from the percentage of women in practice or in training in EM. The percentage of female APDs and CDs was significantly higher than the percentage of women in practice but did not differ from the percentage in training. There was wide variability across regions. Four-year programmes had more women in PD and APD positions compared with 3-year programmes (p=0.01).ConclusionsWhile the representation of women in educational roles is encouraging, the number of women holding the rank of chairperson remains disproportionately low. Further studies are needed to evaluate reasons for this and strategies to increase gender equality in leadership roles.
DNA damage signalling as an anti-cancer barrier in gastric intestinal metaplasia
Authors: Krishnan Vaidehi , Lim Debbie Xiu En , Hoang Phuong Mai , Srivastava Supriya , Matsuo Junichi , Huang Kie Kyon , Zhu Feng , Ho Khek Yu , So Jimmy Bok Yan , Khor Christopher , Tsao Stephen , Teh Ming , Fock Kwong Ming , Ang Tiing Leong , Jeyasekharan Anand D , Tan Patrick , Yeoh Khay-Guan , Ito Yoshiaki 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveIntestinal metaplasia (IM) is a premalignant stage that poses a greater risk for subsequent gastric cancer (GC). However, factors regulating IM to GC progression remain unclear. Previously, activated DNA damage response (DDR) signalling factors were shown to engage tumour-suppressive networks in premalignant lesions. Here, we interrogate the relationship of DDR signalling to mutational accumulation in IM lesions.DesignIM biopsies were procured from the gastric cancer epidemiology programme, an endoscopic surveillance programme where biopsies have been subjected to (epi)genomic characterisation. IM samples were classified as genome-stable or genome-unstable based on their mutational burden/somatic copy-number alteration (CNA) profiles. Samples were probed for DDR signalling and cell proliferation, using the markers γH2AX and MCM2, respectively. The expression of the gastric stem cell marker, CD44v9, was also assessed. Tissue microarrays representing the GC progression spectrum were included.ResultsMCM2-positivity increased during GC progression, while γH2AX-positivity showed modest increase from normal to gastritis and IM stages, with further increase in GC. γH2AX levels correlated with the extent of chronic inflammation. Interestingly, genome-stable IM lesions had higher γH2AX levels underscoring a protective anti-cancer role for DDR signalling. In contrast, genome-unstable IM lesions with higher mutational burden/CNAs had lower γH2AX levels, elevated CD44v9 expression and modest promoter hypermethylation of DNA repair genesWRN, MLH1andRAD52.ConclusionsOur data suggest that IM lesions with active DDR will likely experience a longer latency at the premalignant state until additional hits that override DDR signalling clonally expand and promote progression. These observations provide insights on the factors governing IM progression.
Assessing leadership in junior resident physicians: using a new multisource feedback tool to measure Learning by Evaluation from All-inclusive 360 Degree Engagement of Residents (LEADER)
Authors: Bharwani Aleem , Swystun Dana , Oddone Paolucci Elizabeth , Ball Chad G , Mack Lloyd A , Kassam Aliya 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe multifaceted nature of leadership as a construct has implications for measuring leadership as a competency in junior residents in healthcare settings. In Canada, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada’s CanMEDS physician competency framework includes theLeaderrole calling for resident physicians to demonstrate collaborative leadership and management within the healthcare system. The purpose of this study was to explore the construct of leadership in junior resident physicians using a new multisource feedback tool.MethodsTo develop and test the Learning by Evaluation from All-Inclusive 360 Degree Engagement of Residents (LEADER) Questionnaire, we used both qualitative and quantitative research methods in a multiphase study. Multiple assessors including peer residents, attending physicians, nurses, patients/family members and allied healthcare providers as well as residents’ own self-assessments were gathered in healthcare settings across three residency programmes: internal medicine, general surgery and paediatrics. Data from the LEADER were analysed then triangulated using a convergent-parallel mixed-methods study design.ResultsThere were 230 assessments completed for 27 residents. Based on key concepts of theLeaderrole, two subscales emerged: (1)Personal leadership skillssubscale (Cronbach’s alpha=0.81) and (2)Physicians as active participant-architects within the healthcare system(abbreviated toactive participant-architectssubscale, Cronbach’s alpha=0.78). There were seven main themes elicited from the qualitative data which were analogous to the five remaining intrinsic CanMEDS roles. The remaining two themes were related to (1) personal attributes unique to the junior resident and (2) skills related to management and administration.ConclusionsFor healthcare organisations that aspire to be proactive rather than reactive, we make three recommendations to develop leadership competence in junior physicians: (1) teach and assess leadership early in training, (2) empower patients to lead and transform training and care by evaluating doctors, (3) activate frontline care providers to be leaders by embracing patient and team feedback.
Neighbourhood walking tours for physicians-in-training
Authors: Cross Jeremiah Joseph , Arora Anita , Howell Benjamin , Boatright Dowin , Vijayakumar Pavithra , Cruz Lee , Smart Jerry , Spell Virginia , Greene Ann , Rosenthal Marjorie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSocial and economic factors have a profound impact on patient health. However, education about these factors has been inconsistently incorporated into residency training. Neighbourhood walking tours may help physician-residents learn about the social determinants of health (SDoH). We assessed the impact of a neighbourhood walking tour on physician-residents’ perceptions of SDoH, plans for counselling patients and knowledge of community resources. Using a community-based participatory research approach, in 2017 we implemented a neighbourhood walking tour curriculum for physician-residents in internal medicine, internal medicine/primary care, emergency medicine, paediatrics, combined internal medicine/paediatrics and obstetrics/gynaecology. In both pre-tour and post-tour, we asked participants to (1) rank the importance of individual-level and neighbourhood-level factors affecting patients' health, (2) describe strategies used to improve health behaviours and (3) describe knowledge of community resources. Eighty-one physician-residents participated in walks (pre-tour surveys (93% participation rate (n=75)), and post-tour surveys (53% participation rate (n=43)). Pre-tour, the factor ranked most frequently affecting patient health was ‘access to primary care’ (67%) compared with post-tour: ‘income’ (44%) and ‘transportation’ (44%). In describing ways to improve diet and exercise, among pre-tour survey respondents, 67% discussed individual-level strategies and 16% discussed neighbourhood-level, while among post-tour survey respondents, 39% of respondents discussed individual-level strategies and 37% discussed neighbourhood-level. Percentage of respondents aware of community resources changed from 5% to 76% (p&lt;0.001). Walking tours helped physician-residents recognise the importance of SDoH and the value of community resources, and may have broadened frameworks for counselling patients on healthy lifestyles.
Crossover exponents, fractal dimensions and logarithms in Landau–Potts field theories
Authors: Safari M. , Vacca G. P. , Zanusso O. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe compute the crossover exponents of all quadratic and cubic deformations of critical field theories with permutation symmetry $$S_q$$

S
q

in $$d=6-\epsilon $$

d
=
6
-
ϵ

(Landau–Potts field theories) and $$d=4-\epsilon $$

d
=
4
-
ϵ

(hypertetrahedral models) up to three loops. We use our results to determine the $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
-expansion of the fractal dimension of critical clusters in the most interesting cases, which include spanning trees and forests ($$q\rightarrow 0$$

q
→
0

), and bond percolations ($$q\rightarrow 1$$

q
→
1

). We also explicitly verify several expected degeneracies in the spectrum of relevant operators for natural values of q upon analytic continuation, which are linked to logarithmic corrections of CFT correlators, and use the $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
-expansion to determine the universal coefficients of such logarithms.
Light dark matter scattering in gravitational wave detectors
Authors: Lee Chun-Hao , Nugroho Chrisna Setyo , Spinrath Martin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present prospects for discovering dark matter scattering in gravitational wave detectors. The focus of this work is on light, particle dark matter with masses below 1 $$\hbox {GeV}/\text {c}^{2}$$

GeV
/

c
2

. We investigate how a potential signal compares to typical backgrounds like thermal and quantum noise, first in a simple toy model and then using KAGRA as a realistic example. That shows that for a discovery much lighter and cooler mirrors would be needed. We also give some brief comments on space-based experiments and future atomic interferometers.
D-bound and the Bekenstein bound for the surrounded Vaidya black hole
Authors: Hadi H. , Darabi F. , Atazadeh K. , Heydarzade Y. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe study the Vaidya black hole surrounded by the exotic quintessence-like, phantom-like and cosmological constant-like fields by means of entropic considerations. Explicitly, we show that for this thermodynamical system, the requirement of the identification of the D-bound and Bekenstein entropy bound can be considered as a thermodynamical criterion by which one can rule out the quintessence-like and phantom-like fields, and prefer the cosmological constant as a viable cosmological field.