bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Directional launching of surface plasmon polaritons by electrically driven aperiodic groove array reflectors
Authors: Lin Yuanhai , Hoang Thanh Xuan , Chu Hong-Son , Nijhuis Christian A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Access to surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) with directional control excited by electrical means is important for applications in (on-chip) nano-optoelectronic devices and to circumvent limitations inherent to approaches where SPPs are excited by optical means (e.g., diffraction limit). This paper describes directional excitation of surface plasmon polaritons propagating along a plasmonic strip waveguide integrated with an aperiodic groove array electrically driven by an Al–Al2O3–Au tunnel junction. The aperiodic groove array consists of six grooves and is optimized to specifically reflect the SPPs by 180° in the desired direction (+x or −x) along the plasmonic strip waveguide. We used constrained nonlinear optimization of the groove array based on the sequential quadratic programming algorithms coupled with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations to achieve the optimal structures. Leakage radiation microscopy (Fourier and real plane imaging) shows that the propagation direction of selectively only one SPP mode (propagating along the metal–substrate interface) is controlled. In our experiments, we achieved a directionality (i.e., +x/−x ratio) of close to 8, and all of our experimental findings are supported by detailed theoretical simulations.
Cybertheologie
Authors: Winter Roman 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Digitalität
Diese Publikation erscheint im Kontext des vom LOEWE-Programm des Hessischen Ministeriums für Wissenschaft und Kunst geförderten Forschungsschwerpunkts „Religiöse Positionierung: Modalitäten und Konstellationen in jüdischen, christlichen und islamischen Kontexten“ an der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt und der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen.
als kulturell-lebensweltliche Ausprägung digital-technischer Artefaktennutzung und Kommunikation wird zunehmend zum Thema der Geisteswissenschaften, jedoch kaum der Theologie. Der Artikel nähert sich phänomenologisch der Digitalität mithilfe der in Transformation begriffenen Auffassung des menschlichen Leibes. Ziel ist hierbei, mögliche Antworten der christlichen Theologie auf die Kultur- und Lebenswirklichkeit durchdringende Wirkung von Digitalität hermeneutisch zu erschließen. Da sowohl Theologie als auch Digitalität wesentlich mithilfe von Zeichen(prozessen) Wirklichkeit interpretieren, scheint ein hermeneutischer Zugang und dessen Evaluierung eine angemessene theologische Forschungsperspektive zu bieten.
Growth parameters of invasive gibel carpCarassius gibelio(Bloch, 1782) in Lake Marmara (Turkey)
Authors: Ilhan Ali , Sarı Hasan M. , Kurtul Irmak 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine growth parameters, such as age–length and length–weight relationships, as well as condition factors and sex ratio, of theCarassius gibelio(Bloch, 1782) population in Lake Marmara (western region of Turkey), which is one of the most important fishing areas. Fish were caught on a monthly basis by gillnets and trammel nets (mesh size 10–50 mm) between March 2012 and February 2013. A total of 1058 specimens (809 females and 249 males) were examined. The female–male ratio was 1:0.31. The maximum age was determined as VI and V for females and males, respectively. The total length of females and males ranged from 10.0 to 27.5 cm and from 10.2 to 24.0 cm, respectively. Their weight varied from 17.1 to 378.4 g and from 17.7 to 244.9 g, respectively. Length–weight relationship parameters werea= 0.014 andb= 3.040 for females anda= 0.015 andb= 3.039 for males. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters of theC. gibeliopopulation were as follows: L∞= 35.86 cm, k = 0.189 year−1, t0= −1.238 years. Minimum and maximum condition factors were 1.56 for females in October and 1.82 in May and 1.67 for males in September and 1.94 in January.
The Yemeni Conflicts: A Mismatch Theory Interpretation
Authors: Cambrini Rebecca , Zanotti Luca 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article examines the causes of the current centrist and secessionist civil conflicts in Yemen. We argue that it is possible to explain the outbreak of the struggle of the Houthis against the central government as well as the acceleration of southern secessionist demands in light of the mismatch theory developed by Herrera, Morelli, and Nunnari (2019). In line with this model, we show that the two conflicts erupted once the relatively low political-economic power of the Houthis and of the southern secessionists was no longer matched by a parallel imbalance in their relative military strength vis-à-vis the central government. To examine the implications of the theory in Yemen, we use qualitative evidence on the two ongoing conflicts. The Yemeni case suggests that conflicts exhibiting a non-parallel asymmetry in relative military strength and political-economic power between the warring actors can be interpreted in light of the mismatch theory, regardless of their direction or the objectives their players pursue.
Effect of gamma radiation on the structural, thermal and optical properties of PMMA/Sn0.75Fe0.25S2 nanocomposite
Authors: Alhazime Ali A. , El-Shamy Nesreen T. , Benthami Kaoutar , Barakat Mai ME. , Nouh Samir A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Nanocomposite films of polymethylmethacrylate PMMA with Sn0.75Fe0.25S2 nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated by both thermolysis and casting techniques. Changes in PMMA/Sn0.75Fe0.25S2 nanocomposite (NCP) due to gamma irradiation have been measured. XRD results indicate that the gamma doses of 10–80 kGy cause intermolecular crosslinking that reduces the ordered portion in the NPs. Bonding between the NPs and the host PMMA was confirmed by FTIR. TGA results indicate an enhancement in thermal stability in the NCP films irradiated with doses 20–80 kGy. The optical band gap was reduced from 3.23 to 2.47 eV upon gamma irradiation up to 80 kGy due bonding between the NPs and PMMA which enhanced the amorphous part of the NPs. Finally, the color variation between the blank and irradiated films (ΔE) was determined. Color changes immensely when the PMMA/Sn0.75Fe0.25S2 NCP films are gamma irradiated. Values of ΔE were as much as 31.6 which is an acceptable match in commercial reproduction on printing presses.
Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis of iNOS/NOS2 in gastric and colorectal cancer
Authors: Lu Mingbei , Wu Suping , Cheng Guoxiong , Xu Chaobo , Chen Zhengwei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective The aim of the present work was to investigate the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (iNOS/ NOS2) in colorectal and gastric cancers and evaluate its association with patient’s prognosis by integrated bioinformatics analysis.

Methods The data for present study was obtained from the TCGA, GTEx, and STRING database. iNOS/NOS2 mRNA expression in normal tissue and colorectal, and gastric cancer tissuea were investigated through the GTEx and TCGA database. iNOS/NOS2 gene mutations and frequency were analyzed in the TCGA database using the cBioPortal online data analysis tool. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of iNOS/NOS2 was constructed by STRING database. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway of iNOS/NOS2 and relevant proteins involved in the PPI network were enriched and demonstrated by the bubble plot. Comparison of the overall survival(OS) and disease free survival(DFS) between samples expressing high and low levels of iNOS/NOS2 was analysis based on the TCGA databases through the GEPIA online data analysis tool.

Results For colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and rectal adenocarcinoma(READ) iNOS/NOS2 mRNA expression levels in tumor tissue were significant higher than those of corresponding normal colorectal tissue (p<0.05). iNOS/NOS2 mutations were identified in both colorectal cancer and gastric cancer. Missense substitutions and synonymous substitution were the top two mutation types for colorectal and gastric cancer. The top positive and negative co-expressed genes correlated with iNOS/ NOS2 were TRIM40 (rpearson=0.56, p<0.05) and GDPD5 (rpearson=-0.41, p<0.05) in colorectal cancer respectively andCASP5 (rpearson=0.63,p<0.05) and PIAS3 (rpearson=-0.43,p<0.05) in gastric cancer. Twenty one proteins were included in the PPI network with 51 nodes and 345 edges which indicated the PPI enrichment wassignificant (p=1.0e-16). The KEGG of the included genes were mainly enriched in metabolic pathway and Jak-STAT signaling pathway. There was a significant difference indisease free survival (DFS) between samples expressing high and low iNOS/NOS2 (HR=0.37, p=0.044) in rectal cancer. The difference was not statistical between iNOS/NOS2 high and low expressing groups for overall survival(OS) or DFS in the colon cancer or gastric cancer(p>0.05).

Conclusions iNOS/NOS2 mRNA isup-regulated in tumor tissue compared to corresponding normal tissue in colorectal and gastric cancer which implement it in the development of colorectal and gastric cancers.
Cannabissucht und ihre Folgen
Authors: Thomasius Rainer 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Regelmäßiger, in der Adoleszenz beginnender Cannabiskonsum ist mit einem erhöhten Risiko für psychische Erkrankungen, kognitive Einbußen und Einschränkungen von Bildungserfolg verbunden. In der deutschen Suchthilfe stellen CannabiskonsumentInnen die zweitgrößte Gruppe nach Kontaktanlässen wegen Alkoholmissbrauchs. Die Behandlungserfolge bei Cannabisabhängigkeit sind moderat. Ein Viertel der Therapieteilnehmenden bleibt mittelfristig abstinent.
Global experience of HVDC composite insulators in outdoor and indoor environment
Authors: Akbar Mohammad , Mehmood Basharat 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHigh-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission is known as green-energy transfer technology and has recently become an attractive alternative of high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) due to its high-power transmission capability and lower power loss. Use of composite insulators on direct current (DC) transmission lines experienced rapid growth in recent years due to their high hydrophobicity and better performance in contaminated environment than conventional ceramic insulators. During their service operation on DC lines, insulators are prone to more accumulation of contaminants due to unidirectional electric field. The contaminants under wet conditions allow leakage current to flow on the insulator surface. Being organic in nature, polymeric insulators have a tendency to age under the combined effects of electrical and environmental stresses. To fully understand the long-term aging performance of DC composite insulators, a detailed survey was considered necessary. Towards that end, this paper critically summarizes worldwide experience of aging performance of composite insulators in the field as well as in laboratory conditions.
Immersed boundary method for multiphase transport phenomena
Authors: Xiao Wei , Zhang Hancong , Luo Kun , Mao Chaoli , Fan Jianren 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Multiphase flows with momentum, heat, and mass transfer exist widely in a variety of industrial applications. With the rapid development of numerical algorithms and computer capacity, advanced numerical simulation has become a promising tool in investigating multiphase transport problems. Immersed boundary (IB) method has recently emerged as such a popular interface capturing method for efficient simulations of multiphase flows, and significant achievements have been obtained. In this review, we attempt to give an overview of recent progresses on IB method for multiphase transport phenomena. Firstly, the governing equations, the basic ideas, and different boundary conditions for the IB methods are introduced. This is followed by numerical strategies, from which the IB methods are classified into two types, namely the artificial boundary method and the authentic boundary method. Discussions on the implementation of various boundary conditions at the interphase surface with momentum, heat, and mass transfer for different IB methods are then presented, together with a summary. Then, the state-of-the-art applications of IB methods to multiphase flows, including the isothermal flows, the heat transfer flows, and the mass transfer problems are outlined, with particular emphasis on the latter two topics. Finally, the conclusions and future challenges are identified.
Das Kind als autarke Persönlichkeit
Authors: Maiwald Kai-Olaf 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Text versteht sich als Beitrag zu einer Soziologie der Erziehung und zur Gegenwartsdiagnose modernen Erziehungshandelns. Ausgehend von einem interaktionstheoretisch entwickelten Konzept von Erziehung, das eine konstitutive Machtasymmetrie zwischen Eltern und Kindern in den Vordergrund stellt, werden Befunde eines empirischen Forschungsprojekts vorgestellt. Exemplarische Analysen von Interviews mit Jugendlichen und ihren Eltern stellen einen spezifisch modernen Typus von Erziehungshandeln vor, der insbesondere durch eine latente Haltung des „Nicht-erziehen-Wollens“ gekennzeichnet ist. Weitere Merkmale sind eine ausbleibende Konfrontation der Kinder mit normativen Erwartungshaltungen, eine Nivellierung der Generationendifferenz sowie eine kontrafaktische Autonomieunterstellung. Insgesamt erscheint in dieser Haltung das Kind als eine immer schon fertige und erzieherisch nicht zu beeinflussende Person, als eine „autarke Persönlichkeit“. Die Folgen dieses Erziehungshandelns für das familiale Gefüge sowie für das Selbstverhältnis der in diesem sozialisatorischen Milieu aufgewachsenen Jugendlichen werden diskutiert.
Phase stability analysis of shocked ammonium dihydrogen phosphate by X-ray and Raman scattering studies
Authors: Aswathappa Sivakumar , Saranraj Arumugam , Dhas Sathiyadhas Sahaya Jude , Showrilu Kondaviti , Britto Dhas Sathiyadhas Amalapushpam Martin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Impact of shock waves on non-linear optical materials bring about a lot of unknown behaviors of materials and such kinds of shock wave recovery experiments are highly required for the better understanding of material-property relationship. In the present context, we have performed experiments on the impact of structural properties of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) samples under shock wave loaded conditions and the results of the test samples have been evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) technique. Interestingly, prismatic face of ADP shows loss of degree of crystallinity whereas pyramidal face shows enhancement of crystalline nature with respect to number of shock pulses due to shock wave induced dynamic re-crystallization. Hence, the present problem is worthy enough to unearth and understand the anisotropic nature of the ADP crystal and their structural modifications at shock wave loaded conditions.
SUPPLIER MANAGEMENT PRACTICE AND SERVICE QUALITY: CRITICAL REVIEW ON MEDIATING ROLE OF OUTSOURCING SERVICE PROVIDER CAPABILITIES
Authors: Conny Wang Man Wah , Tan Cheng Ling , Abdul Wahid Nabsiah 
Published: December 2020

The increased demand for properties become part of the investment assets in Hong Kong. Facilities management practitioners need to face the challenges of proper maintenance and services to maintain the value of the property assets. Based on the literature, facilities management companies can benefit from the share of market strength through their service providers. Hence, with the increasing demand for quality services, facilities management companies need to strive for survival and maintain their business power in the industry. Nonetheless, literature shows that the service quality in facilities management is lacking. Past research put less attention in conducting a critical review of research articles related to supplier management practice in the facilities management industry. Additionally, the review identified a missing link of supplier management practice and service quality with the presence of outsourcing service provider capabilities as a mediator. The critical review outcome assists the development of a framework to link the relationships among supplier management practice, outsourcing service provider capabilities and service quality. This paper attempts to provide important supports for facilities management companies to capture the disposition of the company. For having better leverage organizational context by exploiting relationships with outsourcing service providers, this paper extends Resource-based View Theory into outsourcing and service quality context. Thus, this paper attempts to fill important gaps in the above contexts. Finally, this paper suggests several recommendations for future study directions in the area of service quality in the facilities management industry.
Testing an Empirical Green’s Function Method for Determining the Rupture Parameters of the 24 April 2014 Vancouver Island Earthquake
Authors: Paul Collin , Cassidy John F. , Dosso Stan E. , Hutchinson Jesse 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTIn this article, we examine the 24 April 2014 Mw 6.4 earthquake offshore Vancouver Island using a surface-wave empirical Green’s function (EGF) deconvolution method and compare the results with SeaJade II double-difference aftershock locations. The 24 April event was well recorded and provides the first opportunity to evaluate the suitability of surface-wave EGF deconvolution to constrain rupture details for moderate-sized earthquakes in areas lacking dense seismic arrays. Our surface-wave EGF deconvolution results agree with the aftershock distribution and previously determined centroid moment tensor results. This agreement suggests that this technique is valid for events of this magnitude in a sparsely networked region. We used an Mw 5.3 earthquake about 21 km from the 24 April epicenter as the primary EGF source event and applied stacking to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Our analysis used broadband seismic data from 105 regional and teleseismic stations. Given the small magnitudes of these events, an aftershock (Mw 4.8) was considered a secondary EGF source to verify key observations. The relative source time functions obtained from this study reveal an overall rupture direction of 143°±6°, extent of 28±2  km, and duration of 16.7±0.3  s. We also determined that the rupture occurred in multiple, distinct subevents, but the deconvolution was unable to determine the subevent parameters. Double-difference aftershock relocations using both onshore and offshore seismometers indicate a 32±2  km unilateral rupture with strike of 146°±2°. These independently determined rupture parameters agree with previously determined centroid moment tensor results with a nodal plane striking 150°±6°.
Clinical profile of ultrasonographic features and visual evoked potential changes in patients of ocular trauma with opaque media – A prospective study
Authors: Sajid Noorjahan , Sen Priyangee , Das Jayanta 
Published: December 2020

To study the ultrasonographic features and VEP changes in eyes with ocular trauma having opaque media and the effect of such changes on the visual prognosis of these patients. A prospective study of total 80 patients with ocular trauma attending the eye outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital was conducted. Their USG B scan and VEP examination was done in the Radiology department and Neuromedicine department respectively.Blunt trauma was the cause of ocular injury in 60% of the patients, penetrating trauma in 25% and rest 15% had non-mechanical injury caused by acid burns, firecrackers.Complications of ocular trauma e.g. cataract, vitreous haemorrhage and retinal detachment etc. could be detected to the extent of 93.12% accuracy by ultrasonography alone as compared to only 70.22% by clinical examination when both clinical examination and ultrasonography were combined together, 100% accuracy in diagnosis was reached. 96.25% of control eyes had a visual evoked potential latency, ranging between 81-110 msec and 88.75% had a VEP amplitude ranging from 6-15 µv. 66.25% of injured eyes had delayed visual evoked potential latency with the mean latency at 123 msec and about 41.25% had reduced VEP amplitude with the mean amplitude at 6.125 µv. Thus both the latency and amplitude were decreased significantly in injured eyes as compared to control eyes. Good post-treatment visual acuity was achieved in only 27.5% of patients. : UBM is a very useful primary investigation to detect the posterior segment pathology in case of opaque media in traumatic eye. The VEP is affected in case of sight threatening findings. Thus VEP studies were more accurate than USG in predicting vision threatening ocular damage and the final visual outcome in this study.
The Effects of Particulate Matter on C57BL/6 Peritoneal and Alveolar Macrophages
Authors: Rahmani Hoda , Sadeghi Somaye , Taghipour Niloofar , Roshani Mohsen , Amani Davar , Ghazanfari Tooba , Mosaffa Nariman 
Published: December 2020

The presence of ambient particulate matter (PM) poses more dangers to human health than that of other common air pollutants such as Carbon dioxide (Co2) and ozone. Epidemiologic studies show a direct correlation between PM and the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The immune system seems to play a critical role in the process of these diseases. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effect of Tehran particulate matter in two aerodynamic diameters (PM2.5 and PM10) on alveolar macrophages (AM) from C57/BL6 mice.
To evaluate the inflammatory effects of PMs, cultured alveolar, and peritoneal macrophages were treated with PM2.5 & PM10 (concentrations of 5 µg/mL and 10 µg/mL). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-10 (representatives of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, respectively) were assessed in the culture supernatant by ELISA. Expression of arginase and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) genes was carried out by quantitative real-time PCR. Different functional types of cultured alveolar macrophages (M1, M2) were also determined in this study.
Our results suggest that PM2.5 induces M1 inflammatory phenotype in comparison with PM10. We found Also, an increase in TNF-α and M1-related gene expression (iNOS), as well as a decrease in both IL-10 and M2 phenotype genes (Arginase). Moreover, a reduction in phagocytic capacity and increased apoptosis function of macrophage cells were detected.
PM2.5 as a major component in hydrocarbons has a considerable effect on polarizing the alveolar macrophages to an inflammatory phenotype and eliciting lung inflammation in mice.