bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses
Authors: Mostafaei Hadi , Mori Keiichiro , Hajebrahimi Sakineh , Abufaraj Mohammad , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo present an overall picture of the evidence regarding the association of erectile dysfunction (ED) with cardiovascular disease (CVD).MethodsSystematic reviews and meta‐analyses that studied the association of ED with any CVD were included in this umbrella review. We did not restrict the population to a particular group or age. PubMed, Embase, the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and the PROSPERO register were searched to find relevant systematic reviews, with or without meta‐analyses, from inception to April 2020. The JBI Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses was used for the critical appraisal. Only studies with acceptable quality were included. Two independent reviewers extracted the data using the JBI data extraction tool for qualitative and quantitative data extraction.ResultsThe summary estimate showed a higher risk of CVD (relative risk [RR] 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36–1.54; P < 0.001), coronary heart disease (RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.37–1.64; P < 0.001), cardiovascular‐related mortality (RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.37–1.64; P < 0.001), all‐cause mortality (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.18–1.32; P < 0.001), myocardial infarction (RR 1.55, 95% CI 1.33–1.80; P < 0.001) and stroke (RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.26–1.46; P < 0.001) in patients with ED than in other patients.ConclusionsOur results confirm that ED is an independent predictor of CVD and their outcomes. ED and CVD are two presentations of the same physiological phenomenon. ED normally precedes symptomatic CVD, providing a window of opportunity for healthcare practitioners to screen and detect high‐risk patients early to prevent avoidable morbidity and mortality.
From cartoons to quantitative models in Golgi transport
Authors: Quiros D. Nicolas , Nieto Franco , Mayorga Luis S. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundCell biology is evolving to become a more formal and quantitative science. In particular, several mathematical models have been proposed to address Golgi self‐organisation and protein and lipid transport. However, most scientific articles about the Golgi apparatus are still using static cartoons that miss the dynamism of this organelle.ResultsIn this report, we show that schematic drawings of Golgi trafficking can be easily translated into an agent‐based model using the Repast platform. The simulations generate an active interplay among cisternae and vesicles rendering quantitative predictions about Golgi stability and transport of soluble and membrane‐associated cargoes. The models can incorporate complex networks of molecular interactions and chemical reactions by association with COPASI, a software that handles ordinary differential equations.ConclusionsThe strategy described provides a simple, flexible and multiscale support to analyse Golgi transport. The simulations can be used to address issues directly linked to the mechanism of transport or as a way to incorporate the complexity of trafficking to other cellular processes that occur in dynamic organelles.SignificanceWe show that the rules implicitly present in most schematic representations of intracellular trafficking can be used to build dynamic models with quantitative outputs that can be compared with experimental results.
Use of language in the medical decision‐making process for biologic therapy: Youth and parent perspectives
Authors: David Jennie G. , Daly Brian P. , Chute Douglas , Katz‐Buonincontro Jennifer , Clemente Ignasi , Lipstein Ellen A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundYouth with chronic illnesses and their parents make complex medical decisions and also need to develop medical decision‐making skills for transition of care to adult care. The use of inclusive (e.g. ‘we decided …’) and exclusive (e.g. ‘they decided …’) language in youth and parents' medical decision‐making experiences provides insights into perceptions of engagement. This study assessed youth and parents' perceptions of engagement in medical decision‐making about biologic therapy.MethodsThis exploratory mixed‐methods secondary analysis of semistructured interview data included youth with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and Crohn's disease (CD) and parents. Iterative qualitative coding of interviews generated themes. Exploratory analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) investigated differences in language use between youth and parents.ResultsParents used more inclusive language in perceptions of medical decision‐making experiences than youth, which exploratory analyses found significant (p < 0.05). Youth used more exclusive language than parents in perceptions of medical decision‐making.ConclusionThis research suggests that youth with chronic illnesses perceived limited engagement in medical decision‐making, with parents perceiving higher engagement. This presents challenges for youth as they prepare for the transition to adult care. Future research should assess how inclusive and exclusive language use impacts psychosocial and health outcomes.
Prevalence of and factors associated with unmet dental need among the US adult population in 2016
Authors: Taylor Heather , Holmes Ann M. , Blackburn Justin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesUnderstanding and addressing contributing factors to unmet dental need is an important public health challenge. This study investigated the prevalence of, and factors associated with, self‐reported unmet dental need using a nationally representative sample of US adults.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study using the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (MEPS) from 2016. The weighted prevalence of unmet dental need was estimated among individuals aged 18 years or older. Chi‐squared and multivariate logit regression with marginal effects (ie absolute risk differences) were used to measure the association of unmet dental need with respondent characteristics.ResultsThe prevalence of adults reporting unmet dental need was 6% (95% CI: 5.5 to 6.5). Adults with dental insurance were 1.7 percentage points (95% CI: −2.8 to −0.6) less likely to report unmet dental needs than adults without dental insurance. Those with middle income were 2.3 percentage points (95% CI: 1.2 to 3.4), those with low income were 3.3 percentage points (95% CI: 1.7 to 5.0), and those with poor/negative/near‐poor income were 4.2 percentage points (95% CI: 2.7 to 5.7) more likely to report an unmet dental need than adults with high income. Both Hispanics (−1.7 percentage points [95% CI: −2.8 to −0.6]) and non‐Hispanic Blacks (−1.1 percentage points [95% CI: −2.1 to −0.1]) were less likely to report an unmet dental need than whites. Smoking, education, general health status, chronic disease and marital status were also significantly associated with reporting an unmet dental need.ConclusionsFuture policies should continue to address cost and coverage barriers to adult dental care, as these remain significant barriers to access, particularly for low‐income adults. Future research should evaluate the reasons adults report unmet dental need and explore how adults' judgment of dental need compares to providers' clinical judgment. Additionally, research that explores how race and ethnicity affect perceptions of unmet dental need is warranted.
An international pragmatic randomized controlled trial to compare a single‐use negative‐pressure dressing versus the surgeon’s preference of dressing to reduce the incidence of surgical site infection following emergency laparotomy: the SUNRRISE trial protocol
Authors:   The SUNRRISE Study Group on behalf of the Northwest Research Collaborative and the West Midlands Research Collaborative
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimSurgical site infection (SSI) is a common complication following emergency laparotomy, occurring in around 25% of patients in UK practice. The adoption of single‐use negative‐pressure dressings (SUNPDs) has been proposed as a prophylactic method of reducing the rate of SSI. The primary aim of the randomized controlled trial (RCT) described herein is to determine if a SUNPD reduces SSI at 30 days after an emergency laparotomy.MethodThe Single Use Negative pRessure dressing for Reduction In Surgical site infection following Emergency laparotomy (SUNRRISE) study is an international, multicentre, pragmatic, phase III RCT with internal feasibility phase. As stated, the primary aim is to determine if a SUNPD reduces SSI at 30 days postoperatively. Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a SUNPD or a dressing of the surgeon's preference. Outcome assessors will be blinded to treatment allocation. The primary outcome measure is SSI within 30 days of surgery as defined by the US Centers for Disease Control criteria. A total of 840 patients will be required to detect a relative reduction of 40% in SSI rates (from 25% to 15%) with 90% power accounting for a 20% attrition rate.DiscussionSUNRRISE is an international, multicentre RCT evaluating the prophylactic use of SUNPD in primary closed emergency laparotomy wounds for the reduction of SSI. Our hypothesis is that a SUNPD is superior to the surgeon's preference of dressing in reducing SSIs at 30 days. The findings may influence dressing choice following emergency abdominal surgery in the future.
Mothers’ Milk: How Gender and Immigration Obscure Agricultural Expertise and Care Work in Dairyland
Authors: Ortiz Cristina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGender is a key lens through which to understand industrial agricultural production in rural twenty‐first century communities. Here, I examine the gendered imaginaries of dairy production that perpetuate the meaning of “farmer” as masculine and white. The expertise of Mexican immigrant workers, and particularly that of women on spousal visas, challenges such assumptions and highlights the role of unremunerated labor in sustaining the industrial food chain. Everyday experiences of gender and race are shaped not only by local‐level assumptions but also by federal‐level immigration policies and employer recruitment practices that result in a mostly male immigrant agricultural workforce. In this article, I draw on interviews with rural Minnesota community members, as well as local and regional news coverage, to examine how gender and race intersect to marginalize the work and expertise of Mexican immigrants in the rural Midwest. In this case, Mexican immigrant mothers frame their labor as part of a complex calculus of immigration benefits and sacrifices.
Real‐time artificial intelligence for endoscopic diagnosis of early esophageal squamous cell cancer (with video)
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Xiao , Li Zhen , Shao Xue‐Jun , Ji Rui , Qu Jun‐Yan , Zheng Meng‐Qi , Sun Yi‐Ning , Zhou Ru‐Chen , You Hang , Li Li‐Xiang , Feng Jian , Yang Xiao‐Yun , Li Yan‐Qing , Zuo Xiu‐Li 
Published: December 2020

Background and aimsEndoscopic diagnosis of early esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) is complicated and dependent on operators' experience. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model for automatic diagnosis of early ESCC.MethodsNon‐magnifying and magnifying endoscopic images of normal/noncancerous lesions, early ESCC, and advanced esophageal cancer (AEC) were retrospectively obtained from Qilu Hospital of Shandong University. A total of 10,988 images from 5075 cases were chosen for training and validation. Another 2309 images from 1055 cases were collected for testing. One hundred and four real‐time videos were also collected to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the AI model. The diagnostic performance of the AI model was compared with endoscopists by magnifying images and the assistant efficiency of the AI model for novices was evaluated.ResultsThe AI diagnosis for non‐magnifying images showed a per‐patient accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 99.5%, 100%, 99.5% for white light imaging, and 97.0%, 97.2%, 96.4% for optical enhancement/iodine straining images. Regarding diagnosis for magnifying images, the per‐patient accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 88.1%, 90.9%, and 85.0%. The diagnostic accuracy of the AI model was similar to experts (84.5%, P = 0.205) and superior to novices (68.5%, P = 0.005). The diagnostic performance of novices was significantly improved by AI assistance. When it comes to the diagnosis for real‐time videos, the AI model showed acceptable performance as well.ConclusionsThe AI model could accurately recognize early ESCC among noncancerous mucosa and AEC. It could be a potential assistant for endoscopists, especially for novices.
Teaching Lean Principles in Nonmanufacturing Settings Using a Computer Equipment Order Quotation Administrative Process
Authors: Terpend Regis , Shannon Patrick 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTAs organizations continue to expand their implementation of Lean practices, business schools and corporate training organizations have developed numerous games and simulations aimed at teaching Lean concepts in manufacturing settings. However, simulations have lagged behind the most recent adaptations of Lean outside of the factory in services, and more specifically, in office settings. In this article, we present a Lean simulation game, referred to as “Computer Solutions, Inc.” that provides participants with hands‐on experience in applying Lean principles in a nonmanufacturing setting.The simulation takes place in the order‐quote department at “Computer Solutions, Inc.,” a company that specializes in designing customized computer solutions for small businesses. The order‐quote process is purely office‐based and involves such activities as collecting information, processing information, filling out documents, and forwarding those documents to different parts of the organization. This simulation is implemented as a “pencil‐and‐paper” exercise that can be performed by students in the classroom.Our simulation brings some unique benefits that are often missing from current Lean manufacturing‐based simulations. It involves multiple rounds of Lean improvements that can span several weeks, providing students a chance to identify wastes and to make a thoughtful application of Lean tools and techniques. Students also get to experience the challenges of group dynamics that are often present in team‐based improvement efforts.
The risk of thrombosis in essential thrombocythemia is associated with the type of CALR mutation: A multicentre collaborative study
Authors: Pérez Encinas Manuel M. , Sobas Marta , Gómez‐Casares María Teresa , Abuin Blanco Aitor , Noya Pereira María Soledad , Raya José María , Andrade‐Campos Marcio M. , Álvarez Larrán Alberto , Lewandowski Krzysztof , Łukasz Szukalski , Hernández Boluda Juan Carlos , Ferrer‐Marín Francisca , Fox María Laura , Gołos Aleksandra , Gasior Kabat Mercedes , Magro Mazo Elena , Czyż Anna , Martín Martín Alejandro , Bellosillo Paricio Beatriz , Quinteiro García Celsa , González Martín Jesús María , Stuckey Ruth 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesIn patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET), after the JAK2V617F driver mutation, mutations in CALR are common (classified as type 1, 52‐bp deletion or type 2, 5‐bp insertion). CALR mutations have generally been associated with a lower risk of thrombosis. This study aimed to confirm the impact of CALR mutation type on thrombotic risk.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated 983 ET patients diagnosed in Spanish and Polish hospitals.ResultsWith 7.5 years of median follow‐up from diagnosis, 155 patients (15.8%) had one or more thrombotic event. The 5‐year thrombosis‐free survival (TFS) rate was 83.8%, 91.6% and 93.9% for the JAK2V617F, CALR‐type 1 and CALR‐type 2 groups, respectively (P = .002). Comparing CALR‐type 1 and CALR‐type 2 groups, TFS for venous thrombosis was lower in CALR‐type 1 (P = .046), with no difference in TFS for arterial thrombosis observed. The cumulative incidence of thrombosis was significantly different comparing JAK2V617F vs CALR‐type 2 groups but not JAK2V617F vs CALR‐type 1 groups. Moreover, CALR‐type 2 mutation was a statistically significant protective factor for thrombosis with respect to JAK2V617F in multivariate logistic regression (OR: 0.45, P = .04) adjusted by age.ConclusionsOur results suggest that CALR mutation type has prognostic value for the stratification of thrombotic risk in ET patients.
Corporate stakeholders, corporate valuation and ESG
Authors: Cornell Bradford , Shapiro Alan C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn addition to explicit contracts, corporations issue their stakeholders implicit claims, including fair treatment of employees and the promise of continuing service to customers. Corporate value is created by selling these implicit claims for more than it costs to honour them. Recently, a new class of non‐investor stakeholders, related to environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues, has arisen. Although many ESG advocates stress their role in creating shareholder value, they do not explain how this value creation occurs. This paper shows that implicit claims provide a critical link that ties non‐investor stakeholders and ESG to shareholder value, both its creation and its possible destruction.
Subseafloor Archaea reflect 139 kyrs of paleodepositional changes in the northern Red Sea
Authors: More Kuldeep D. , Wuchter Cornelia , Irigoien Xabier , Tierney Jessica E. , Giosan Liviu , Grice Kliti , Coolen Marco J. L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe vertical distribution of subseafloor archaeal communities is thought to be primarily controlled by in situ conditions in sediments such as the availability of electron acceptors and donors, although sharp community shifts have also been observed at lithological boundaries suggesting that at least a subset of vertically stratified Archaea form a long‐term genetic record of coinciding environmental conditions that occurred at the time of sediment deposition. To substantiate this possibility, we performed a highly resolved 16S rRNA gene survey of vertically stratified archaeal communities paired with paleo‐oceanographic proxies in a sedimentary record from the northern Red Sea spanning the last glacial–interglacial cycle (i.e., marine isotope stages 1–6; MIS1‐6). Our results show a strong significant correlation between subseafloor archaeal communities and drastic paleodepositional changes associated with glacial low vs. interglacial high stands (ANOSIM; R = .73; p = .001) and only a moderately strong correlation with lithological changes. Bathyarchaeota, Lokiarchaeota, MBGA, and DHVEG‐1 were the most abundant identified archaeal groups. Whether they represented ancient cell lines from the time of deposition or migrated to the specific sedimentary horizons after deposition remains speculative. However, we show that the majority of sedimentary archaeal tetraether membrane lipids were of allochthonous origin and not produced in situ. Slow post‐burial growth under energy‐limited conditions would explain why the downcore distribution of these dominant archaeal groups still indirectly reflect changes in the paleodepositional environment that prevailed during the analyzed marine isotope stages. In addition, archaea seeded from the overlying water column such as Thaumarchaeota and group II and III Euryarchaeota, which were likely not have been able to subsist after burial, were identified from a lower abundance of preserved sedimentary DNA signatures, and represented direct markers of paleoenvironmental changes in the Red Sea spanning the last six marine isotope stages.
Barriers and facilitators to integrate oral health care for older adults in general (basic) care in East Netherlands. Part 1: Normative integration
Authors: Niesten Dominique , Gerritsen Anneloes E. , Leve Verena 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveto synthesise a framework of barriers and facilitators in the normative integration of oral health care (OHC) into general health care for frail older adults at macro (system), meso (organisation and interprofessional integration) and micro (clinical practice) levels.BackgroundIdentification of these barriers and facilitators is expected to promote better and more appropriate care.MethodsFor this qualitative study, comprising 41 participants, representatives of 10 different groups of (professional) care providers, and OHC receivers (home‐dwelling, and nursing home patients) in East Netherlands were interviewed. Transcripts of the in‐depth, topic‐guided interviews were thematically analysed. In a subsequent workshop with 52 stakeholders, results and interpretations were discussed and refined.ResultsTwo main themes were identified: (1) a compartmentalised care culture in which OHC and general health care are seen as two separate realms, and (2) prioritisation, awareness and attitude regarding OHC integration. Subthemes such as low political attention (macro level); unclear responsibilities, hierarchical relations and the lack of vision of organisations (meso level); and poor awareness and low prioritisation by care providers and patients (micro level) were identified as potential barriers. Subthemes such as leadership (meso level), and the supportive personality of individual caregivers and ownership of patients (micro level) were identified as facilitators.ConclusionBarriers and facilitators in normative OHC integration in The Netherlands are interrelated and apparent at macro‐, meso‐ and micro levels. They are mainly related to (a) a compartmentalised care culture, and (b) related low prioritisation, and poor awareness of and attitude towards (integration of) oral health (care).
“All are welcome here?”: Navigating race, class, gender, sexual orientation, age, and disability in American feminist coffeehouses of the 1970s and 1980s
Authors: Ketchum Alex D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the 1970s and 1980s, feminists in the United States began businesses in order to financially support themselves while enacting women's movement politics. Owning and operating a feminist business in a permanent location required large capital investment in order to rent space, buy supplies, and pay workers. Women's, and especially lesbians', social positioning due to discriminatory gender, racial, and sexual orientation laws affected whether or not being able to own a restaurant or store was even possible. Coffeehouses provided an alternative means through which to build feminist communities, with lower initial capital required than restaurants. Feminist coffeehouses in this article will primarily refer to recurring temporary public spaces that served refreshments and provided entertainment. This model of feminist organization expanded participation in some ways; without high fixed costs, coffeehouses enabled women with less money, women from marginalized racial groups, and women with marginalized sexual orientations the ability to create spaces centered on food, drink, and socializing. However, these spaces were not utopic; racism, ageism, trans‐exclusionism, and classism created tension in their respective communities. As coffeehouse organizers tried to address various inequalities, their approach in treating each identity category as discrete often erased women who experienced multiple forms of oppressions simultaneously.