bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Situated algorithms: a sociotechnical systemic approach to bias
Authors: Draude Claude , Klumbyte Goda , Lücking Phillip , Treusch Pat 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose that in order to tackle the question of bias in algorithms, a systemic, sociotechnical and holistic perspective is needed. With reference to the term “algorithmic culture,” the interconnectedness and mutual shaping of society and technology are postulated. A sociotechnical approach requires translational work between and across disciplines. This conceptual paper undertakes such translational work. It exemplifies how gender and diversity studies, by bringing in expertise on addressing bias and structural inequalities, provide a crucial source for analyzing and mitigating bias in algorithmic systems.Design/methodology/approachAfter introducing the sociotechnical context, an overview is provided regarding the contemporary discourse around bias in algorithms, debates around algorithmic culture, knowledge production and bias identification as well as common solutions. The key concepts of gender studies (situated knowledges and strong objectivity) and concrete examples of gender bias then serve as a backdrop for revisiting contemporary debates.FindingsThe key concepts reframe the discourse on bias and concepts such as algorithmic fairness and transparency by contextualizing and situating them. The paper includes specific suggestions for researchers and practitioners on how to account for social inequalities in the design of algorithmic systems.Originality/valueA systemic, gender-informed approach for addressing the issue is provided, and a concrete, applicable methodology toward a situated understanding of algorithmic bias is laid out, providing an important contribution for an urgent multidisciplinary dialogue.
Revising the Kano model for designing an employee compensation system
Authors: Vaez Shahrestani Hossein , Shahin Arash , Teimouri Hadi , Shaemi Barzoki Ali 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to revise the Kano model with a focus on one-dimensional attributes; and second, to use the revised model for categorizing and prioritizing various employee compensation strategies.Design/methodology/approachThe Kano evaluation table has been revised and the one-dimensional attribute has been further extended to three categories ofOO,OMandOA. In the next step, the literature review-based identified strategies have been categorized and prioritized according to the developed Kano model. Consequently, an employee compensation system has been proposed to a process-based manufacturing company as a case study.FindingsFindings indicated that out of the 44 employee compensation strategies, typically 6 were must-be, 13 were one-dimensional, 18 were attractive and 7 were indifferent. Also, the results of the revised Kano model indicated that typically out of the 13 one-dimensional strategies, 7 were one-dimensional tending toward must-be (OM); and 6 were one-dimensional tending toward attractive (OA).Research limitations/implicationsThe case study was limited to one company. The validity of the proposed model can be further studied in a larger population. This study provides managers with a more accurate instrument of decision making in selecting more differentiated employee compensation strategies, which, in turn, might lead to more employee satisfaction.Originality/valueTheoretically, this study is different from existing studies, since almost none of the previous studies extended the Kano evaluation table for one-dimensional attributes. Practically, this study is another evidence of the application of the Kano model in the field of human resource management and in particular contributes to the design of employee compensation systems.
A review of performance-geared contracting
Authors: Odongo Nickson Herbert , Wang Daoping , Bishoge Obadia , Arrive Tsitaire Jean 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of numerous writings addressing quality performance-geared contracting (PC) and self-stated performance.Design/methodology/approachThe study systematically reviewed 134 refereed papers across various fields published between from 2000 to 2018. A categorization framework of PC is suggested addressing fundamental dimensions of its plan and management.FindingsThe relative analysis of pertinent articles advancing interdisciplinary perspective encourages learning and provides knowledge about quality management in organizations especially at individual and organizational levels.Research limitations/implicationsThe outcomes indicate that much of the present-day wide-ranging performance contracting studies do not have robust theoretical grounds. Studies are also inclined to certain theories for instance agency theory and play down other theories with the likelihood of contributing to quality management.Practical implicationsPerformance contracting between citizens and public entities is important in that the written contract limits what the public entities, for instance, the government can and cannot do and informs on the rights and privileges of citizens, thus contracts to form the core of a free society.Originality/valueThis review demonstrates that performance contracting is useful in performance improvement if proper job design and contract management exist.
Seed germination characteristics of Maianthemum dilatatum (Wood) Nels. et Macbr. (Asparagaceae)
Authors: Kawano Hitomi , Kanazawa Yumiko , Suzuki Kojiro , Ohara Masashi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe seed germination characteristics of Maianthemum dilatatum were investigated in a laboratory experiment and the results compared with those of other species in the subfamily Asparagoideae, LILIACEAE (Engler's system). M. dilatatum seeds mature in late September to October in montane to subalpine areas across Japan. Germination percentages and rates were low for fresh seeds at 10 to 30°C. Seeds cold stratified for 4 months or longer showed increased germination percentages and rates. The seeds lost germinability with decreasing moisture content. The seeds germinated well in dark conditions. The process of germination from the cotyledonary sheath/petiole breaking through the seed coat to the appearance of the first and second leaves was examined. After emergence of the cotyledonary sheath/petiole, a root emerged from it, and additional roots appeared after 1–2 months. The plumule emerged from the cotyledonary sheath/petiole after the seedling had three roots. Seeds dispersed in autumn, and germinate slowly in the next spring after exposure to low temperature even though dark condition as buried seed. We compared the seed germination characteristics among species in the Asparagoideae or with other recent taxonomy, and found that seedlings of Paris verticillate and Trillium apetalon, which belong to Melanthiaceae, and Streptopus streptopoides Var. japonica and Clintonia udensis, which belong to Liliaceae (linear cotyledon), were different from Asparagaceae, showing a globose cotyledon in the APG II.
Measuring the size of the shadow economy in 30 provinces of China over 1995–2016: The MIMIC approach
Authors: Chen Hailin , Schneider Friedrich , Sun Qunli 
Published: November 2019

AbstractApplying the multiple indicators and multiple causes (MIMIC) approach, the present paper measured the size of the shadow economies in China's provinces over 1995–2016. The results show that the average size of the shadow economy in 30 provinces of China increased from 13.55% in 1995 to 14.39% in 2009, and then decreased to 12.30% in 2016. There are obvious variations in the size of the shadow economies in different districts of China. The average size of the shadow economy is lowest in provinces in the eastern district and highest in the western district. In addition, the causes and consequences of the shadow economies in China's provinces have also been analysed using the MIMIC approach, and the results show that tax burden, complexity of the tax system, intensity of regulation, unemployment, employment in the agricultural sector and economic openness have significant positive effects on China's shadow economy, while the ratio of direct taxes to indirect taxes, fiscal autonomy and income levels have significant negative effects on China's shadow economy. Using the growth rate of energy consumption as the benchmark indicator, the MIMIC analysis shows that the shadow economy has significant positive effects on the development of the official economy and income inequality while having a significant negative effect on the labour participation rate.
Sibling violence: Understanding experiences, impacts, and the need for nuanced responses
Authors: Elliott Karla , Fitz‐Gibbon Kate , Maher JaneMaree 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSibling violence is an under‐researched field, and the impact of adolescent family violence (AFV) in particular on siblings is not yet well understood. The Australian study Investigating Adolescent Family Violence in Victoria elicited responses from siblings who had experienced AFV from their brothers or sisters, as well as reflections from parents and practitioners on the difficulties of addressing AFV directed towards siblings. This article explores characteristics of sibling violence identified in this study, impacts of the violence on siblings, parents, and families, and responses to sibling violence in Victoria, Australia. Siblings described experiencing severe physical, psychological, and emotional violence, and beyond this recounted a range of difficulties such as not being believed by the adults in their lives; the violence being dismissed as normal sibling behavior; an inability to access support services without the help of parents or other adults; sadness and distress at the loss of the sibling relationship; and resentment towards parents for their perceived inaction against the violence. Practitioners highlighted the dearth of services and resources available for siblings affected by AFV, and the inadequacies of current Child Protection responses. This research sheds light on the hidden issue of sibling violence and highlights the need for nuanced responses rather than a one‐size‐fits‐all approach.
Seizures of Clandestinely Produced Tablets in Santa Catarina, Brazil: The Increase in NPS from 2011 to 2017
Authors: de Souza Júnior José Luiz , Silveira Filho Jair , Boff Bruna S. , Nonemacher Karina , Rezin Kéttulin Z. , Schroeder Samilla D. , Ferrão Marco F. , Danielli Letícia J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEcstasy is the name given to a large group of substances known as “club drugs” traded in the form of tablets, powder and liquid that present a varied composition, including mainly 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and analogous substances, in addition to the growing presence of new psychoactive substances. Based on this, clandestinely produced tablets (“ecstasy tablets”) seized by police in Santa Catarina in the period from 2011 to 2017 were analyzed. During the study period, 3472 seizures occurred, which resulted in total 498,443 tablets seized. Seventy nine substances were identified. In the year 2011, about 90% of the tablets contained MDMA. This number decreased to 66.6% in 2017. On the other hand, there was an increase in the number of tablets that mainly contained synthetic cathinones, as well as tryptamine and piperazine derivatives. Police seizures in the metropolitan region of Florianópolis and on the coast prevailed over the rest of the state.
Review article: Primary aeromedical retrievals in Australia: An interrogation and search for context
Authors: King Jemma C , Franklin Richard C , Robertson Anita , Aitken Peter J , Elcock Mark S , Gibbs Clinton , Lawton Luke , Mazur Stefan M , Edwards Kristin H , Leggat Peter A 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrimary aeromedical retrievals are a direct scene response to patients with a critical injury or illness using a medically equipped aircraft. They are often high‐acuity taskings. In Australia, information on primary retrieval taskings is housed by service providers, of which there are many across the country. This exploratory literature review aims to explore the contemporary peer‐reviewed literature on primary aeromedical retrievals in Australia. The focus is on adult primary aeromedical retrievals undertaken in Australia and clinical tools used in this pre‐hospital setting. Included articles were reviewed for research theme (clinical and equipment, systems and/or outcomes), data coverage and appraisal of the evidence. Of the 37 articles included, majority explored helicopter retrievals (n = 32), retrieval systems (n = 21), compared outcomes within a service (n = 10) and explored retrievals in the state of New South Wales (n = 19). Major topics of focus included retrieval of trauma patients and airway management. Overall, the publications had a lower strength of evidence because of the preponderance of cross‐sectional and case‐study methodology. This review provides some preliminary but piecemeal insight into primary retrievals in Australia through a localised systems lens. However, there are several areas for research action and service outcome improvements suggested, all of which would be facilitated through the creation of a national pre‐hospital and retrieval registry. The creation of a registry would enable consideration of the frequency and context of retrievals, comparison across services, more sophisticated data interrogation. Most importantly, it can lead to service and pre‐hospital and retrieval system strengthening.
Calcium transcriptionally regulates movement, recombination and other functions of Xylella fastidiosa under constant flow inside microfluidic chambers
Authors: Chen Hongyu , De La Fuente Leonardo 
Published: November 2019

SummaryXylella fastidiosa is a xylem‐limited bacterial pathogen causing devastating diseases in many economically important crops. Calcium (Ca) is a major inorganic nutrient in xylem sap that influences virulence‐related traits of this pathogen, including biofilm formation and twitching motility. This study aimed to adapt a microfluidic system, which mimics the natural habitat of X. fastidiosa, for whole transcriptome analysis under flow conditions. A microfluidic chamber with two parallel channels was used, and RNA isolated from cells grown inside the system was analysed by RNA‐Seq. Ca transcriptionally regulated the machinery of type IV pili and other genes related to pathogenicity and host adaptation. Results were compared to our previous RNA‐Seq study in biofilm cells in batch cultures (Parker et al., 2016, Environ Microbiol 18, 1620). Ca‐regulated genes in both studies belonged to similar functional categories, but the number and tendencies (up‐/downregulation) of regulated genes were different. Recombination‐related genes were upregulated by Ca, and we proved experimentally that 2 mM Ca enhances natural transformation frequency. Taken together, our results suggest that the regulatory role of Ca in X. fastidiosa acts differently during growth in flow or batch conditions, and this can correlate to the different phases of growth (planktonic and biofilm) during the infection process.
Response of Nitrogen Loading to the Chesapeake Bay to Source Reduction and Land Use Change Scenarios: A SPARROW‐Informed Analysis
Authors: Miller Matthew P. , Capel Paul D. , García Ana María , Ator Scott W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn response to concerns regarding the health of streams and receiving waters, the United States Environmental Protection Agency established a total maximum daily load for nitrogen in the Chesapeake Bay watershed for which practices must be in place by 2025 resulting in an expected 25% reduction in load from 2009 levels. The response of total nitrogen (TN) loads delivered to the Bay to nine source reduction and land use change scenarios was estimated using a Spatially Referenced Regression on Watershed Attributes model. The largest predicted reduction in TN load delivered to the Bay was associated with a scenario in which the mass of TN as fertilizer applied to agricultural lands was decreased. A 25% decrease in the mass of TN applied as fertilizer resulted in a predicted reduction in TN loading to the Bay of 11.3%, which was 2.5–5 times greater than the reductions predicted by other scenarios. Eliminating fertilizer application to all agricultural land in the watershed resulted in a predicted reduction in TN load to the Bay of 45%. It was estimated that an approximate 25% reduction in TN loading to the Bay could be achieved by eliminating fertilizer applied to the 7% of subwatersheds contributing the greatest fertilizer‐sourced TN loads to the Bay. These results indicate that management strategies aimed at decreasing loading from a small number of subwatersheds may be effective for reducing TN loads to the Bay, and similar analyses are possible in other watersheds.
A randomized clinical study to compare intrapleural infusion with intravenous infusion of bevacizumab in the management of malignant pleural effusion in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Nie Keke , Zhang Zhen , You Yunhong , Zhuang Xingjun , Zhang Chunling , Ji Youxin 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundTo compare the efficiency and toxicity of bevacizumab by intrapleural or intravenous infusion in the management of malignant pleural effusion in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsSensitizing mutation negative NSCLC patients with malignant pleural effusion were randomized into two groups in 1:1 ratio. The pleural effusion was completely drained in 24 hours; one group received intrapleural infusion and the second group received intravenous infusion of bevacizumab at a dose of 7.5 mg per kg bodyweight. The serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was tested before and 72 hours after injection of bevacizumab. Computerized tomography (CT) scan to evaluate pleural effusions was carried out at four weeks for each patient and their survival followed‐up.ResultsA total of 67 patients were screened and 43 enrolled into the study. The response rate was 80% (16 of 20) in the intrapleural group and 66.7% (14 of 21) in the intravenous group. The median duration of response (DoR) of pleural effusion was 4.50 months and 3.70 months, respectively. The median serum VEGF level at 72 hours decreased 67.25% in the intrapleural group and 57.19% in the intravenous group compared to baseline level (P = 0.276). The median serum VEGF level at 72 hours decreased 52.02% compared to baseline level in patients’ DoR less than three months and 68.33% in patients' DoR longer than three months, respectively (P = 0.014). The main side effects noted were mild to moderate hypertension, proteinuria and epistaxis.ConclusionsBevacizumab intrapleural infusion had higher efficiency and higher safety than intravenous infusion in the management of malignant pleural effusion caused by NSCLC. The decreased level of serum VEGF at 72 hours after bevacizumab treatment was closely related to the response rate and duration of the response of pleural effusion.
Depressed demand for crop insurance contracts, and a rationale based on third generation Prospect Theory
Authors: Feng Hongli , Du Xiaodong , Hennessy David A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhen actuarially fair insurance for a major risk is available then standard economic theory posits that those subject to the risk should insure. In agriculture, it is common for producers to decline contract offers where presubsidy premiums just cover average losses and subsidies are substantial. This paper seeks to shed light on why demand is curtailed. In a mail survey of U.S. corn and soybean producers we solicited Willingness to Pay (WTP) for actuarially fair insurance at different coverage levels. We find demand to be so low that median WTP is no larger than fair premium when adjusted down by current subsidy rates, which pay for one half or more of most premium charges. WTP as a share of the fair rate is especially low when risk of loss is high. There is limited evidence that respondents appreciate the convex relationship between coverage level and expected indemnity payoff. Third generation Prospect Theory is shown to be consistent with observed findings. In particular, a strong distaste for paying premium can be rationalized by loss aversion. Furthermore, when high revenue outcomes are more likely than not, that is, negative skewness, then higher loss aversion, greater decision weight distortions and greater risk aversion will decrease WTP.
The tempo of puberty and its relationship to adolescent health and well‐being: A systematic review
Authors: Cheng Hoi Lun , Harris Stella R. , Sritharan Myuran , Behan Matthew J. , Medlow Sharon D. , Steinbeck Katharine S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimEmerging evidence suggests that pubertal tempo, that is rate of passage through puberty, has relevance to adolescent mood and behaviour. However, its wider health and developmental significance remain unclear. This systematic review sought to clarify the relationship of pubertal tempo to indicators of health and development, and to document tempo definitions and pubertal durations reported in the literature.MethodsEight electronic databases were searched from earliest record to July 2018. Study eligibility: healthy participants; age 8‐21 years; ≥2 longitudinal measures of puberty; analysis of tempo against a health or developmental indicator.ResultsThirty‐eight studies met eligibility, and these reported on diverse tempo definitions and seven health‐ and development‐related domains. Data sets with varying tempo definitions converged on an association of rapid pubertal progression to: (a) higher adiposity during childhood and adolescence in both sexes; and (b) lower psychosocial well‐being in adolescent males. Later thelarche unanimously predicted faster progression to menarche in females, but this compensation was largely undetected when alternate definitions of pubertal timing and/or tempo were used. Duration of puberty ranged from 2.5‐4.1 years.ConclusionPubertal tempo may be clinically relevant when considering trajectories of adiposity and psychosocial well‐being among adolescents, especially males. Consensus on the definition of tempo would facilitate between‐study comparisons.
Physical Activity in Peri‐Urban Communities: Testing Intentional and Implicit Processes within an Ecological Framework
Authors: Olson Jenny L. , Ireland Michael J. , March Sonja , Biddle Stuart J. H. , Hagger Martin S. 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundGiven the substantive health inequalities in peri‐urban communities and the potential for physical activity to promote health in these communities, identifying modifiable physical activity determinants in this population is important. This study explored effects of the peri‐urban environment and psychological constructs on physical activity intentions and behavioural automaticity guided by an integrated theoretical framework.MethodsPeri‐urban Australians (N = 271) completed self‐report measures of environmental (i.e. physical/social environment, and neighbourhood selection), motivational (i.e. autonomous motivation), and social cognition (i.e. attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioural control [PBC]) constructs, past behaviour, intentions, and automaticity.ResultsA well‐fitting path analytic model revealed that: autonomous motivation predicted all social cognition constructs; subjective norms and PBC, but not attitudes; autonomous motivation predicted intentions and automaticity; and subjective norms and PBC mediated effects of autonomous motivation on intentions. Of the environmental constructs, only neighbourhood selection was related to intentions, mediated by PBC.ConclusionsAutonomous motivation is an important correlate of physical activity intentions and automaticity, and subjective norms and PBC also related to intentions. Individuals perceiving a supportive environment were more likely to report positive PBC and intentions. Targeting change in autonomous motivation, and normative and control beliefs may help enhance physical activity intentions and automaticity in peri‐urban communities.