bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of mortality following paclitaxel drug‐coated stent angioplasty of femoropopliteal lesions in real world
Authors: Böhme Tanja , Noory Elias , Beschorner Ulrich , Jacques Börries , Bürgelin Karlheinz , Macharzina Roland , Nührenberg Thomas , Cheung Florian , Neumann Franz‐Josef , Zeller Thomas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the long‐term mortality after paclitaxel‐coated drug‐eluting stent (DES) angioplasty and use of uncoated devices of femoropopliteal lesions in real world practice.BackgroundA meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials reported an increased risk of long‐term mortality after femoropopliteal angioplasty with paclitaxel‐coated devices.MethodsRetrospective mortality analysis of claudicants Rutherford‐Becker class (RBC) 1–4 who underwent DES angioplasty or uncoated balloon or stent angioplasty of femoropopliteal lesions with a follow‐up of 3–7 years.ResultsFrom 2010 to 2016 8,377 patients were treated with femoropopliteal lesions. This analysis included 599 patients. Three‐hundred‐three patients were treated with an uncoated device and 296 patients with a DES. The mean follow‐up period was 51.80 ± 23.40 months (range 0–84). For the entire cohort mortality incidence was 32.3% after uncoated treatment and 22.6% after DES (p < .033). For the entire cohort multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed age (p < .001), diabetes mellitus (p = .010), renal insufficiency (p = .001) and RBC 4 (p < .001) as independent predictors for mortality. After propensity score matching mortality incidence was 32.5% after uncoated treatment and 24.1% after DES (p = .264). After propensity score matching, independent mortality predictors were age (p < .001), hyperlipidemia (p = .035), diabetes mellitus (p = .018) and RBC 4 (p < .001). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that higher paclitaxel dosage was associated with lower mortality.ConclusionIn real world, long‐term mortality rate was lower after DES angioplasty than after treatment with uncoated devices. Mortality predictors were co‐morbidities, risk factors, and disease severity.
Enhanced Photocurrent Generation From a Single‐Mediated Photo‐Bioelectrochemical Cell Using Wild‐Type Anabaena Variabilis Dispersed in Solution
Authors: Lee Jinhwan , Cho Hyejun , Kim Sunghyun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is a growing interest in photosynthetic microorganisms for converting solar energy to electricity aiming at practical application. Despite extensive research, existing methods are suffered from limited photocurrent. Here we report that appreciable photocurrent can be generated in a photo‐bioelectrochemical cell (PBEC) where reduced graphene oxide‐coated ITO electrode is used as an anode and wild type cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis as photo‐biocatalyst that oxidizes water by solar light. With A. variabilis dispersed in buffer and 1,4‐benzoquinone as a redox mediator, our PBEC produced photocurrent of 223 μA cm−2 at an applied voltage of 0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Incident photon to current efficiencies of 0.50 % and 5.2 % were obtained with white and monochromatic light at 660 nm, respectively. A complete PBEC with Pt/C cathode produced Pmax of 13 μW cm−2 at 115 μA cm−2. Methodology in this study can be extended to cover other cyanobacteria, electrode materials, and mediators to further enhance photocurrent and power density. Our results demonstrate the possibility of utilizing cyanobacteria that are ubiquitous in the environment as alternative energy sources.
A Scalable Approach to Na2FeP2O7@Carbon/Expanded Graphite as a Low‐Cost and High‐Performance Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zeng Liyan , Li Fangkun , Xu Xijun , Liu Zhengbo , Shen Jiadong , Zhang Dechao , Li Yu , Liu Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are the most promising candidates as alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), owing to the natural abundance of sodium salt and the low cost. However, the commercial application of SIBs is principally hampered by the absence of suitable cathode materials. Herein, a novel Na2FeP2O7@carbon/expanded graphite (NFPO@C/EG) composite with a unique microstructure was developed through a scalable sol‐gel process followed by a ball‐milling procedure with expanded graphite. Benefiting from the multiscale carbon‐modified structure, the NFPO@C/EG effectively improves the electronic conductivity and, at the same time, shortens the path of sodium ion transmission. As a consequence, the NFPO@C/EG cathode presents a much higher specific capacity and more stable cycling stability than NFPO@C and NFPO. The unique design of NFPO@C/EG endows a high ratio of pseudocapacitance contribution and a large Na+ diffusion coefficient. As a consequence, the NFPO@C/EG cathode displays stable cycle performance (82 mAh g−1 over 400 cycles at 232 mA g−1) and superior rate capability (60 mAh g−1 at a high charge/discharge density of 2320 mA g−1). This multiscale carbon‐modified design concept builds an avenue for the practical application of polyanionic cathode materials and promotes the development of low‐cost SIBs.
Recent Progress of Two‐Dimensional Metal‐Organic Frameworks and Their Derivatives for Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis
Authors: Huang Wei , Tang Jing , Diao Fangyuan , Engelbrekt Christian , Ulstrup Jens , Xiao Xinxin , Mølhave Kristian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe development of high‐performance transition metal−based electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is paramount for electrochemical secondary metal‐air batteries and water splitting. Two‐dimensional (2D) metal‐organic framework (MOF) nanosheets have recently emerged as a novel class of efficient electrocatalysts for OER, due to a high specific surface area, ultrasmall thickness and abundance of active sites. Here, we summarize recent progress in the preparation and characterization of 2D transition metal−based MOFs (e. g. Ni, Co and Cu), as well as their composites and derivatives, including metals/alloys, metal oxides/chalcogenides and metal phosphides/hydroxides, as OER electrocatalysts reported over the past several years. Design principles and preparation routes are presented. The performance of the electrocatalysts is directly compared in terms of overpotential (η) (thermodynamics) and electrocatalytic current density (kinetics), as well as operational stability (economics). Many of these materials exhibit superior catalytic activity compared to the noble metal−based catalysts such as RuO2 (η<300 mV at 10 mA cm−2), and considerable stability with negligible decay with operation over several hours to days. Challenges and perspectives of applying 2D MOFs and their derivatives for OER electrocatalysis are also discussed.
Controlling the Surface Functionalization of Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles by Sequence‐Defined Macromolecules
Authors: van der Meer Selina Beatrice , Seiler Theresa , Buchmann Christin , Partalidou Georgia , Boden Sophia , Loza Kateryna , Heggen Marc , Linders Jürgen , Prymak Oleg , Oliveira Cristiano L. P. , Hartmann Laura , Epple Matthias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUltrasmall gold nanoparticles (diameter about 2 nm) were surface‐functionalized with cysteine‐carrying precision macromolecules. These consisted of sequence‐defined oligo(amidoamine)s (OAAs) with either two or six cysteine molecules for binding to the gold surface and either with or without a PEG chain (3400 Da). They were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, 1H NMR diffusion‐ordered spectroscopy (DOSY), small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The number of precision macromolecules per nanoparticle was determined after fluorescent labeling by UV spectroscopy and also by quantitative 1H NMR spectroscopy. Each nanoparticle carried between 40 and 100 OAA ligands, depending on the number of cysteine units per OAA. The footprint of each ligand was about 0.074 nm2 per cysteine molecule. OAAs are well suited to stabilize ultrasmall gold nanoparticles by selective surface conjugation and can be used to selectively cover their surface. The presence of the PEG chain considerably increased the hydrodynamic diameter of both dissolved macromolecules and macromolecule‐conjugated gold nanoparticles.
PhI(OTf)2 Does Not Exist (Yet)**
Authors: Tania  , Houston Sevan D. , Sharp‐Bucknall Lachlan , Poynder Tiffany B. , Albayer Mohammad , Dutton Jason L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhI(OTf)2 has been used for the past 30 years as a strong I(III) oxidant for organic and inorganic transformations. It has been reported to be generated in situ from the reactions of either PhI(OAc)2 or PhI=O with two equivalents of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMS‐OTf). In this report it is shown that neither of these reactions generate a solution with spectroscopic data consistent with PhI(OTf)2, with supporting theoretical calculations, and thus this compound should not be invoked as the species acting as the oxidant for transformations that have been associated with its use.
Efficient Palladium‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Carbocyclization to Seven‐Membered Heterocycles
Authors: Liu Jie , Bäckvall Jan‐E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe use of molecular oxygen in palladium‐catalyzed oxidation reactions is highly widespread in organic chemistry. However, the direct reoxidation of palladium by O2 is often kinetically unfavored, thus leading the deactivation of the palladium catalyst during the catalytic cycle. In the present work, we report a highly selective palladium‐catalyzed carbocyclization of bisallenes to seven‐membered heterocycles under atmospheric pressure of O2. The use of a homogenous hybrid catalyst (Co(salophen)‐HQ, HQ=hydroquinone) significantly promotes efficient electron transfer between the palladium catalyst and O2 through a low‐energy pathway. This aerobic oxidative transformation shows broad substrate scope and functional group compatibility and allowed the preparation of O‐containing seven‐membered rings in good yields in most cases.
Response rate and local recurrence after concurrent immune checkpoint therapy and radiotherapy for non–small cell lung cancer and melanoma brain metastases
Authors: Qian Jack M. , Martin Allison M. , Martin Kate , Hammoudeh Lubna , Catalano Paul J. , Hodi F. Stephen , Cagney Daniel N. , Haas‐Kogan Daphne A. , Schoenfeld Jonathan D. , Aizer Ayal A. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundPrior literature has suggested synergy between immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) and radiotherapy (RT) for the treatment of brain metastases (BrM), but to the authors' knowledge the optimal timing of therapy to maximize this synergy is unclear.MethodsA total of 199 patients with melanoma and non–small cell lung cancer with BrM received ICT and RT between 2007 and 2016 at the study institution. To reduce selection biases, individual metastases were included only if they were treated with RT within 90 days of ICT. Concurrent treatment was defined as RT delivered on the same day as or in between doses of an ICT course; all other treatment was considered to be nonconcurrent. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess time to response and local disease recurrence on a per‐metastasis basis, using a sandwich estimator to account for intrapatient correlation.ResultsThe final cohort included 110 patients with 340 BrM, with 102 BrM treated concurrently and 238 BrM treated nonconcurrently. Response rates were higher with the use of concurrent treatment (70% vs 47%; P < .001), with correspondingly lower rates of progressive disease (5% vs 26%; P < .001). On multivariable analysis, concurrent treatment was found to be associated with improved time to response (hazard ratio, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.18‐2.63 [P = .006]) and decreased local recurrence (hazard ratio, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23‐0.78 [P = .006]). This effect appeared to be greater for melanoma than for non–small cell lung cancer, although interaction tests were not statistically significant. Only 1 of 103 metastases which had a complete response later developed disease progression.ConclusionsConcurrent RT and ICT may improve response rates and decrease local recurrence of brain metastases compared with treatment that was nonconcurrent but delivered within 90 days. Further study of this combination in prospective, randomized trials is warranted.
Study of the color characteristics of residential buildings in Shanghai
Authors: Wang Jiangbo , Zhang Lingyun , Gou Aiping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn 2018, Shanghai launched a campaign to renovate the façade of old residential areas. With the renovation of the façade of these residential buildings, problems such as chaotic colors, dull colors, and strongly conflicting colors of walls have increasingly occurred. In this article, the color data of building samples were obtained by field investigation and the color attribute grading evaluation of residential buildings was carried out by introducing evaluation factors; thus, the evaluation results of these buildings were finally obtained. Based on the analysis of the quantity and proportion of each color attribute at different evaluation levels, the color characteristics of residential buildings in Shanghai were finally summarized. Overall, Shanghai residential buildings are “warm colored” in hue, “bright” in lightness, and “partial white” in chromaticness. The research results provide theoretical support for the forward‐looking and scientific nature of color planning for residential buildings in the future and can serve as a reference for the selection of the main colors of building walls.
Complementary colors: A literature review
Authors: Pridmore Ralph W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractArticles from a broad search of the literature dating from 1704 are cited and described briefly in order to provide an overview of complementary colors and associated research areas, especially chromatic induction (ie, complementary afterimages) as the principal research area. The literature shows that complementary colors have roles in all aspects of color appearance and color vision. Forty specific roles are described, which can be divided into three general roles of complementary color: color mixture, color constancy (or chromatic adaptation), and color perception (or appearance).
Photocaged Nanobodies Delivered into Cells for Light Activation of Biological Processes
Authors: Jedlitzke Benedikt , Mootz Henning D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe have recently reported photocaged nanobodies, termed photobodies, that can be light‐activated in their antigen binding properties due to the removal of the photolabile protection group. We aimed to establish the delivery and activation of photobodies inside mammalian cells, because intracellular protein manipulation and detection by using antibodies and antibody fragments like nanobodies is highly attractive, however, the spatial and temporal control of their application in cells is extremely limited. AntiGFP photobodies with ortho‐nitrobenzyltyrosine in the paratope region were delivered into HeLa cells using the bead‐loading technique. Light‐activation was carried out with spatial control in single cells to trigger binding to a GFP tag fused to endogenously expressed target proteins. By means of its fused nuclear localization sequence, an activated photobody dragged the GFP fusion protein into the nucleus, the kinetics of which could be monitored using live cell microscopy. These results show the potential of photobodies for intracellular applications.
Organic Ionic Plastic Crystal‐Based Composite Membranes for Light Gas Separation: The Impact of Varying Ion Type and Casting Method
Authors: Ramos Fernando , Forsyth Maria , Pringle Jennifer M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe promise of organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) for development of a novel type of gas separation membrane with competitive gas selectivity for CO2/N2 was recently demonstrated. This work aimed to design more selective membranes by investigating a different type of OIPC and a new membrane preparation method. Two different OIPCs were solvent‐cast or co‐cast with poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF), and their gas transport properties were compared. The first OIPC, methyl(diethyl)isobutylphosphonium hexafluorophosphate ([P122i4][PF6]), was previously studied using the co‐cast method, and this was used as a benchmark. The second, N‐methyl‐N‐ethylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([C2mpyr][FSI]), was investigated for the first time for gas separation applications, achieving high selectivities (α
>40). The thermophysical properties of the composites indicated that the co‐casting method is a good way to fabricate solid, mechanically stable and durable membranes. Additionally, the enhanced molecular interactions indicated in OIPC/PVDF co‐cast composites point to a new approach for synthesis of other highly selective OIPC‐based membranes.
Building N‐Heterocyclic Carbene into Triazine‐Linked Polymer for Multiple CO2 Utilization
Authors: Yue Chengtao , Wang Wenlong , Li Fuwei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe development of new CO2 detection technologies and CO2 “capture‐conversion” materials is of great significance due to the growing environmental crisis. Here, multifunctional triazine‐linked polymers with built‐in N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) sites (designated as NHC‐triazine@polymer) are presented for simultaneous CO2 detection, capture, activation, and catalytic conversion. NHC‐triazine@polymer were readily obtained through polymerization of cyanophenyl‐substituted NHC. The obtained film‐like polymers exhibited interesting CO2‐triggered fluorescence “turn‐on” response and CO2‐sensitive reversible color change. Both NHC and triazine sites could act as efficient binding sites for CO2, and the CO2 uptake of NHC and triazine reached 1.52 and 1.36 mmol g−1, respectively. Notably, after being captured by NHC, CO2 was activated into a zwitterionic adduct NHC−CO2 that could be easily transformed into cyclic carbonate in the presence of epoxides. Moreover, NHC‐triazine@polymer were stable and active catalysts for the conversion of low‐concentration CO2 in a gas mixture (7 vol %) into cyclic carbonates as well as for hydrosilylation of CO2 to formamides.
A Novel Flow Cytometric Method to Study Cytotoxic Activity in Whole Blood Samples
Authors: Rico Laura G. , Ward Michael D. , Bradford Jolene A. , Petriz Jordi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFor several decades, cell‐mediated cytotoxicity has been measured using the 51Cr release assay. This assay, however, has several drawbacks and flow cytometry has been used as an alternative to measure cytotoxic activity. Here, we present a quantitative method for cell‐mediated cytotoxicity studies, preserving cellular function with minimal sample manipulation. Cytotoxic activity is simply and reproducibly measured as the ability of cytotoxic cells to lyse K562 target cells previously loaded with Calcein‐AM vital stain. After spiking a known number of fluorescent viable K562 target cells into whole blood, cell mixtures are incubated for 2 h in a cell incubator and the remaining spiked cells are counted by flow cytometry. In order to discriminate nucleated cells, erythrocytes, and debris, unlysed whole blood is stained with a cell permeable DNA vital fluorescent dye. Cell‐mediated lysis is measured by comparing target counts for different effector‐to‐target ratios. Since the cytotoxicity of these dyes is relatively low, this method can be broadly applied to studies of innate immune response to tumors and infections, especially where target‐killing activity might be compromised by small volume samples or low frequency of cytotoxic cells. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Leukocyte immunoglobulin‐like receptor B1 and B4 (LILRB1 and LILRB4): Highly sensitive and specific markers of acute myeloid leukemia with monocytic differentiation
Authors: Churchill Hywyn R. O. , Fuda Franklin S. , Xu Jing , Deng Mi , Zhang Cheng Cheng , An Zhiqiang , Zhang Ningyan , Chen Pu , Bergstrom Colin , Kansagra Ankit , Collins Robert , John Samuel , Koduru Prasad , Chen Weina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) with monocytic differentiation (M‐AML) remains a diagnostic challenge largely due to lack of sensitive and specific markers for immature monocytes. The immunoglobulin‐like inhibitory receptors, LILRB1 and LILRB4, are expressed on monocytes but have not yet been systematically evaluated in the clinical setting.MethodsWe evaluated the diagnostic performance of LILRB1 and LILRB4 as monocytic markers for both immature and mature monocytes in comparison to other myelomonocytic markers including CD14, CD15, CD33, CD36, and CD64 in eight cases of control bone marrow (BM, 5) and peripheral blood (PB, 3), 64 cases of (M‐AML), and 57 cases of AML without monocytic differentiation (NM‐AML) by flow cytometric immunophenotyping.ResultsIn control BM, LILRB1 and LILRB4 were consistently expressed on monocytes at all stages of maturation, from CD34+/CD14− monocytic precursors to CD14−/dim+ maturing and CD14+ mature monocytes. In M‐AML, LILRB1 and LILRB4 were consistently expressed on monocytes, regardless of the degree of maturity, from CD14−/dim+ monoblasts/promonocytes to CD14+ mature monocytes but were not expressed on myeloblasts. The diagnostic performances as a monocytic marker assessed by sensitivity/specificity were 100%/100% for LILRB1/LILRB4, 100%/82% for CD11b, 80%/100% for CD14, 100%/81% for CD64, 100%/58% for CD15/CD33, and 89%/97% for CD36/CD64.ConclusionThe co‐expression of LILRB1/LILRB4 outperformed other myelomonocytic markers as a highly sensitive and specific marker for monocytes at all stages of maturation and could reliably distinguish M‐AML from NM‐AML. LILRB4 additionally represents a novel therapeutic target for treating M‐AML.
A second endoscopic ultrasound with fine‐needle aspiration for cytology identifies high‐risk pancreatic cysts overlooked by current guidelines
Authors: Faias Sandra , Pereira Luisa , Fonseca Ricardo , Chaves Paula , Dias Pereira António , Cravo Marília 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic ultrasound with fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) is recommended for diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs). Its role in surveillance is unclear. Our goal was to determine if a second EUS‐FNA changes diagnosis or management of PCLs.MethodsA retrospective analysis of an EUS database, searching for EUS‐FNAs in PCLs from 2007 to 2017 was performed. Demographics, cyst characteristics, and FNA results were compared in patients under surveillance, performing a single or two consecutive EUS‐FNAs.ResultsOf 203 PCLs referred for EUS‐FNA, surveillance was decided in 128 (63%). Data of 105 (82%) patients with a single EUS‐FNA were compared with 23 (18%) with two EUS‐FNAs during surveillance. Patients were younger in this latter group (P = .055), whereas CEA levels were marginally higher (P = .078) and a mass/nodule were more frequent (P = .006). The mean time between EUS‐FNAs was 38 months (4.7‐118.8) for 18 patients maintaining surveillance vs 18 months (2.9‐56.9) in the four referred for surgery (P = NS) after two EUS‐FNAs (two NETs, one IPMN‐HGD, and one MCN‐LG). A high correlation in CEA level between consecutive EUS‐FNAs (r2 = 0.945, P < .01) was present, with a change of category observed (cut‐off level = 192 ng/mL) in two patients only. Of four patients with a second EUS‐FNA with conclusive cytology, two had NETs confirmed on resection.ConclusionsRepeating EUS‐FNA in surveillance of PCLs with clinical suspicion of malignancy increased neoplasm diagnoses, changing decision toward surgery in almost 20% of patients while excluding IPMNs with mucin nodules from unnecessary resections. A second EUS‐FNA for cytology appears justified in some PCLs, particularly for diagnosing NETs.