bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pooled Analysis of Fall Incidence From Placebo-Controlled Trials of Denosumab
Authors: Chotiyarnwong Pojchong , McCloskey Eugene , Eastell Richard , McClung Michael R , Gielen Evelien , Gostage John , McDermott Michele , Chines Arkadi , Huang Shuang , Cummings Steven R 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Recent studies suggest that the RANK/RANKL system impacts muscle function and/or mass. In the pivotal placebo-controlled fracture trial of the RANKL inhibitor denosumab in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, treatment was associated with a lower incidence of non-fracture-related falls (p = 0.02). This ad hoc exploratory analysis pooled data from five placebo-controlled trials of denosumab to determine consistency across trials, if any, of the reduction of fall incidence. The analysis included trials in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis and low bone mass, men with osteoporosis, women receiving adjuvant aromatase inhibitors for breast cancer, and men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. The analysis was stratified by trial, and only included data from the placebo-controlled period of each trial. A time-to-event analysis of first fall and exposure-adjusted subject incidence rates of falls were analyzed. Falls were reported and captured as adverse events. The analysis comprised 10,036 individuals; 5030 received denosumab 60 mg subcutaneously once every 6 months for 12 to 36 months and 5006 received placebo. Kaplan–Meier estimates showed an occurrence of falls in 6.5% of subjects in the placebo group compared with 5.2% of subjects in the denosumab group (hazard ratio = 0.79; 95% confidence interval 0.66–0.93; p = 0.0061). Heterogeneity in study designs did not permit overall assessment of association with fracture outcomes. In conclusion, denosumab may reduce the risk of falls in addition to its established fracture risk reduction by reducing bone resorption and increasing bone mass. These observations require further exploration and confirmation in studies with muscle function or falls as the primary outcome. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research..
High prevalence of breastmilk‐acquired cytomegalovirus infection in jaundiced infants
Authors: Hou Juanjuan , Liu Juan , Fan Yingfang , Zheng Hongjun , Zhao Haiyan , Yang Jianmin , Yan Jiamin , Ma Yi , Liu Xia , Li Juan , Jia Xiaoni , Chen Peisong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundOur objective was to evaluate the prevalence and different diagnostic methods of breastmilk (BM)‐acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in a pathologically jaundiced cohort.MethodsA total of 400 infants confirmed with pathological jaundice at The People's Hospital of Qingyang City were screened for BM‐acquired CMV infection between February 2018 and February 2019. A total of 300 infants were finally enrolled in our study. CMV infection was confirmed by detecting both CMV‐DNA in various samples using FQ‐PCR and CMV‐IgM with chemiluminescence. Clinical and other laboratory data were collected from these infants during their hospitalization or regular visits.ResultsNinety‐eight (32.67%) subjects were confirmed to be BM CMV‐DNA–positive, and 18 (18.37%) were diagnosed with a BM‐acquired CMV infection. All 18 (100%) infants with a BM‐acquired CMV infection were CMV‐DNA–positive in urine, while 5 (27.78%) cases and 11 (61.11%) cases were confirmed in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), respectively. Only 6 (33.33%) infants were CMV‐IgM–positive. Birthweight, direct bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and the viral load in BM of the BM‐acquired CMV group were higher than those in the non‐infected group (P < .05). Low birthweight and viral load in BM were risk factors for BM‐acquired CMV infection. Detecting CMV‐DNA in urine samples exhibited better performance than the other methods for screening BM‐acquired CMV infections.ConclusionsOur study found a high prevalence of BM‐acquired CMV infection in jaundiced infants, and detecting CMV‐DNA in a urine sample was the most sensitive method for disease screening.
Patients' interpersonal problems as moderators of depression outcomes in a randomized controlled trial comparing mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy and a group version of the cognitive‐behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy in chronic depression
Authors: Probst Thomas , Schramm Elisabeth , Heidenreich Thomas , Klein Jan‐Philipp , Michalak Johannes 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesInterpersonal problems were examined as moderators of depression outcomes between mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP) in patients with chronic depression.MethodsPatients received treatment‐as‐usual and, in addition, were randomized to 8‐weeks of MBCT (n = 34) or 8‐weeks of CBASP (n = 34). MBCT and CBASP were given in a group format. The Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM‐D) was the primary and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐II) the secondary outcome. The subscales of the Inventory of interpersonal problems (IIP‐32) were moderators. Multilevel models were performed.ResultsHigher scores on the “vindictive/self‐centered” subscale were associated with a better outcome in MBCT than in CBASP (HAM‐D: p < .01; BDI‐II: p < .01). Higher scores on the “nonassertive” subscale were associated with a better outcome in CBASP than in MBCT (HAM‐D: p < .01; BDI‐II: p < .01).ConclusionsIf these results can be replicated in larger trials, MBCT should be preferred to CBASP in chronically depressed patients being vindictive/self‐centered, whereas CBASP should be preferred to MBCT in chronically depressed patients being nonassertive.
Comprehensive geriatric intervention in community‐dwelling older adults: a cluster‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Watanabe Yuya , Yamada Yosuke , Yoshida Tsukasa , Yokoyama Keiichi , Miyake Motoko , Yamagata Emi , Yamada Minoru , Yoshinaka Yasuko , Kimura Misaka ,   for Kyoto‐Kameoka Study Group
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn longevity societies, one of the most serious social issues is sarcopenia and/or frailty. Preventing them is important for maintaining independence and quality of life in the older population. This study investigated the effect of a self‐monitoring comprehensive geriatric intervention programme (CGIP) on physical function and muscle size in community‐dwelling older adults. We compared the effects of a CGIP using weekly class‐styled (CS) sessions and a home‐based (HB) programme.MethodsThe 526 participants were randomized into one of two groups (CS 251, HB 275) based on their residential districts. We conducted a 12 week CGIP, which consisted of low‐load resistance exercise, physical activity increments, oral function improvements, and a nutritional guide. All participants were encouraged to attend two 90 min lectures that included instructions on the CGIP. They were provided with exercise materials (triaxial‐accelerometers/pedometers, ankle weights, and elastic bands) and diary logs. The CS group attended 90 min weekly sessions and independently executed the programme on other days, whereas the HB group only received instructions on how to execute the programme. Physical functions, such as knee extension strength (KES), normal and maximum walking speed, the timed up‐and‐go test, and anterior thigh muscle thickness (MT), were measured and analysed using intention‐to‐treat analysis before and after the 12 week intervention.ResultsOf the 526 participants identified, 517 (CS 243 age 74.0 ± 5.4 women 57.2%, HB 274 age 74.0 ± 5.6 women 58.8%) were enrolled. Nine (CS 8, HB 1) were excluded from the analysis because they did not participate in the pre‐intervention measurements. Both interventions significantly improved KES (CS 18.5%, HB 10.6%), normal walking speed (CS 3.7%, HB 2.8%), and MT (CS 3.2%, HB 3.5%). Greater improvement of KES was observed in the CS group (P = 0.003). Maximum walking speed (CS 4.7%, HB 1.8%; P = 0.001) and timed up‐and‐go (CS −4.7%, HB −0.2%; P < 0.001) significantly improved in the CS group only.ConclusionsThe intervention was effective in preventing sarcopenia and/or frailty. Most physical functions and MT improved after both interventions. The HB intervention is cost‐effective and may help prevent sarcopenia and/or frailty in the large older population.
Adsorption of fluorinated greenhouse gases on activated carbons: evaluation of their potential for gas separation
Authors: Sosa Julio E , Malheiro Carine , Ribeiro Rui PPL , Castro Paulo J , Piñeiro Manuel M , Araújo João MM , Plantier Frédéric , Mota José PB , Pereiro Ana B 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing awareness of the release of fluorinated gases (F‐gases) into the atmosphere is instigating the development of techniques to capture them from refrigerants. In this work, the adsorption of difluoromethane (R‐32), pentafluoroethane (R‐125), and 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane (R‐134a) on four different activated carbons (ACs) is studied. Additionally, the selectivity of the ACs for the components of commercial refrigerants, R‐410A and R‐407F, is evaluated.ResultsThe estimation of the density of the adsorbed phase as a function of temperature allows the experimental fractional loading of each F‐gas on any of the ACs to be correlated as a temperature‐independent function of its reduced pressure, which is described by Tóth or dual‐site Langmuir equations or as an exponential function of the adsorption potential under the framework of the Adsorption Potential theory (APT). It is shown that the APT can be generalized with excellent accuracy to the systems studied if an adsorbate‐dependent affinity coefficient is used as a shifting factor to bring the characteristic curves of all F‐gases into a single one for each AC. R‐32 is the F‐gas most adsorbed by all adsorbents, followed by R‐134a, and by R‐125. All ACs are selective for R‐125 in R‐410A commercial refrigerants, especially at lower pressures. Additionally, all ACs are selective for R‐125 and R‐134a over R‐32 in R407‐F commercial refrigerant.ConclusionThe utilization of ACs for adsorption of the three most used F‐gases is promising. By selecting ACs with different porous characteristics, it is possible to evaluate their influence on the selectivity for the components of different commercial refrigerants. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Behavioural and brain ultrastructural changes following the systemic administration of propionic acid in adolescent male rats. Further development of a rodent model of autism
Authors: Lobzhanidze Giorgi , Japaridze Nadezhda , Lordkipanidze Tamar , Rzayev Fuad , MacFabe Derrick , Zhvania Mzia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractShort chain fatty acids, produced as gut microbiome metabolites but also present in the diet, exert broad effects in host physiology. Propionic acid (PPA), along with butyrate and acetate, plays a growing role in health, but also in neurological conditions. Increased PPA exposure in humans, animal models and cell lines elicit diverse behavioural and biochemical changes consistent with organic acidurias, mitochondrial disorders and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). ASD is considered a disorder of synaptic dysfunction and cell signalling, but also neuroinflammatory and neurometabolic components. We examined behaviour (Morris water and radial arm mazes) and the ultrastructure of the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (electron microscopy) following a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of PPA (175 mg/kg) in male adolescent rats. PPA treatment showed altered social and locomotor behaviour without changes in learning and memory. Both transient and enduring ultrastructural alterations in synapses, astro‐ and microglia were detected in the CA1 hippocampal area. Electron microscopic analysis showed the PPA treatment significantly decreased the total number of synaptic vesicles, presynaptic mitochondria and synapses with a symmetric active zone. Thus, brief systemic administration of this dietary and enteric short chain fatty acid produced behavioural and dynamic brain ultrastructural changes, providing further validation of the PPA model of ASD.
The labile fractions of metals and arsenic in mining‐impacted soils are explained by soil properties and metal source characteristics
Authors: Guzman‐Rangel Georgina , Martínez‐Villegas Nadia , Smolders Erik 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIsotopically exchangeable metals in soil, also termed labile metals, are reversibly bound to soil surface and are a better index of the environmental risk of the metals than are their total concentrations. In this study, labile fractions of potentially toxic elements were surveyed in metal mining‐impacted soils of Mexico to test the relative importance of soil properties (pH, effective cation exchange capacity, organic matter, etc.) or attributes of the mines (ore type and lithology, metal mineralogy, etc.) on the fractions of labile elements. Mining waste‐impacted soils, corresponding uncontaminated soils and mining waste were collected around 11 metal mines in Mexico presenting contrasting ore types. Pseudo‐total concentrations and labile fractions of Cd, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu, and As were determined by aqua regia digestion and isotope dilution, respectively. Pseudo‐total concentrations of these elements ranked: waste > contaminated soil > uncontaminated soils, and Zn and As dominated the concentrations of toxic elements. The labile fractions (% of total) in the soils ranked, with median values in brackets, Pb (22) > Cd (18) > Cu(15) > Ni∼Zn(13) > As(9). The labile fractions of waste samples were slightly higher than those of soil samples suggesting either a high weathering of mining wastes or the stabilization of heavy metals by soil. Stepwise multiple regression showed that soil properties rather than source attributes primarily explained the %E of most elements, except for Zn and As for which the ore lithology was the dominant factor. This study showed that earlier generic models explain metal lability adequately in mining waste‐impacted soils.
Synthesis of some 5‐arylidene‐2‐(4‐acetamidophenylimino)‐thiazolidin‐4‐one derivatives and exploring their breast anticancer activity
Authors: Abumelha Hana M. A. , Saeed Ali 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTen 2‐(4‐acetamidophenylimino)‐5‐arylidenethiazolidin‐4‐one derivatives 6a‐k were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity against MCF‐7 cell line (breast adenocarcinoma). The synthetic approach involves cyclocondensation of N,N′‐bis(4‐acetamidophenyl)‐thiourea (3) with ethyl bromoacetate in ethanol and sodium acetate to furnish the 2‐(4‐acetamidophenylimino)‐4‐thiazolidinone derivative 4, which underwent Knoevenagel condensation reaction with some substituted aldehydes to afford the targeted 2‐(4‐acetamidophenylimino)‐5‐arylidenethiazolidin‐4‐ones 6a‐k. The 4‐chlorobenzylidene‐thiazolidin‐4‐one compound 6h exhibited strong inhibitory effect on the growth of breast cancer cell with IC50 (58.33 ± 1.74μM), very close to that of the reference drug doxorubicin (IC50 48.06 ± 0.36μM).
NGLY1 deficiency: Novel patient, review of the literature and diagnostic algorithm
Authors: Lipiński Patryk , Bogdańska Anna , Różdżyńska‐Świątkowska Agnieszka , Wierzbicka‐Rucińska Aldona , Tylki‐Szymańska Anna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesTogether with the lysosomal storage diseases, NGLY1 deficiency is a congenital disorder of deglycosylation (NGLY1‐CDDG). Since the first report in 2012, 26 patients have been described. All but one were diagnosed by exome or genome sequencing; the remaining one was identified by finding an increased concentration of an urinary marker.The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, biochemical, and molecular features of the first Polish patient diagnosed with NGLY1‐CDDG, to provide an overview of the literature and to propose a diagnostic algorithm.ResultsA Polish patient presented with global developmental delay, hyperkinetic movement disorder, stagnation of head growth, hypolacrimia, elevated serum transaminases, and hypolipidemia in infancy. Whole exome sequencing revealed two heterozygous nonsense variants in the NGLY1 gene (a novel and an unreported). Literature review revealed global developmental disability in all reported patients, and hyperkinetic movements as well as alacrima/hypolacrima in nearly all.ConclusionsNGLY1‐CDDG should be considered in patients with developmental disability associated with a hyperkinetic movement disorder and alacrimia/hypolacrima. Absence of the latter two symptoms does not rule out this diagnosis.
Targeting microglia L‐type voltage‐dependent calcium channels for the treatment of central nervous system disorders
Authors: Hopp Sarah C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCalcium (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous mediator of a multitude of cellular functions in the central nervous system (CNS). Intracellular Ca2+is tightly regulated by cells, including entry via plasma membrane Ca2+permeable channels. Of specific interest for this review are L‐type voltage‐dependent Ca2+channels (L‐VDCCs), due to their pleiotropic role in several CNS disorders. Currently, there are numerous approved drugs that target L‐VDCCs, including dihydropyridines. These drugs are safe and effective for the treatment of humans with cardiovascular disease and may also confer neuroprotection. Here, we review the potential of L‐VDCCs as a target for the treatment of CNS disorders with a focus on microglia L‐VDCCs. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, have attracted recent attention for their emerging inflammatory role in several CNS diseases. Intracellular Ca2+regulates microglia transition from a resting quiescent state to an “activated” immune‐effector state and is thus a valuable target for manipulation of microglia phenotype. We will review the literature on L‐VDCC expression and function in the CNS and on microgliain vitroandin vivoand explore the therapeutic landscape of L‐VDCC‐targeting agents at present and future challenges in the context of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, neuropsychiatric diseases, and other CNS disorders.
Adjuvant antibiotic‐loaded bone cement: Concerns with current use and research to make it work
Authors: Schwarz Edward M. , McLaren Alex C. , Sculco Thomas P. , Brause Barry , Bostrom Mathias , Kates Stephen L. , Parvizi Javad , Alt Volker , Arnold William V. , Carli Alberto , Chen Antonia F. , Choe Hyonmin , Coraça‐Huber Débora C. , Cross Michael , Ghert Michelle , Hickok Noreen , Jennings Jessica Amber , Joshi Manjari , Metsemakers Willem‐Jan , Ninomiya Mark , Nishitani Kohei , Oh Irvin , Padgett Douglas , Ricciardi Benjamin , Saeed Kordo , Sendi Parham , Springer Bryan , Stoodley Paul , Wenke Joseph C. ,   Hospital for Special Surgery 2019 Biofilm Symposium Workgroup
Published: January 2020

AbstractAntibiotic‐loaded bone cement (ALBC) is broadly used to treat orthopaedic infections based on the rationale that high‐dose local delivery is essential to eradicate biofilm‐associated bacteria. However, ALBC formulations are empirically based on drug susceptibility from routine laboratory testing, which is known to have limited clinical relevance for biofilms. There are also dosing concerns with nonstandardized, surgeon‐directed, hand‐mixed formulations, which have unknown release kinetics. On the basis of our knowledge of in vivo biofilms, pathogen virulence, safety issues with nonstandardized ALBC formulations, and questions about the cost‐effectiveness of ALBC, there is a need to evaluate the evidence for this clinical practice. To this end, thought leaders in the field of musculoskeletal infection (MSKI) met on 1 August 2019 to review and debate published and anecdotal information, which highlighted four major concerns about current ALBC use: (a) substantial lack of level 1 evidence to demonstrate efficacy; (b) ALBC formulations become subtherapeutic following early release, which risks induction of antibiotic resistance, and exacerbated infection from microbial colonization of the carrier; (c) the absence of standardized formulation protocols, and Food and Drug Administration‐approved high‐dose ALBC products to use following resection in MSKI treatment; and (d) absence of a validated assay to determine the minimum biofilm eradication concentration to predict ALBC efficacy against patient specific micro‐organisms. Here, we describe these concerns in detail, and propose areas in need of research.
Role of pharmacists in reducing antibiotic prescribing errors in an emergency department
Authors: Amiri Jabalbarez Farzin , Dabaghzadeh Fatemeh , Oghabian Zohreh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinical pharmacists and clinically trained pharmacists can detect and correct prescribing errors by reviewing physicians' orders. In addition, prescribing errors related to antibiotics occur frequently in emergency departments (EDs).AimThis study evaluated the role of pharmacists in reducing antibiotic prescribing errors in an ED.MethodsOne clinically trained pharmacist spent 4 h/day in the ED for 30 days. The pharmacist attended the ward rounds and reviewed medical records to identify prescribing errors related to antibiotics, and corrected these errors in consultation with emergency physicians. The types and severity of antibiotic prescribing errors were determined. The corrected errors were also classified.ResultsAntibiotics had been prescribed for 110 of 267 patients (41.20%). In all, 180 antibiotic prescriptions were identified for 57 patients, of which 78 had prescribing errors. The most common types of errors were incorrect drug selection (48/78; 61.50%) and wrong dose (19/78; 24.40%), and the most common actual severities were Type B (30/78; 38.46%) and Type C (35/78; (44.87%). In addition, 41 of 78 antibiotic prescribing errors were accepted as errors by emergency physicians. The corrected prescribing errors were categorised as two (4.88%) intercepted potential adverse drug events (ADEs), 35 (85.36%) mitigated ADEs and four (9.76%) ameliorated ADEs.ConclusionPharmacists have a significant role in the identification and correction of antibiotic prescribing errors. In addition, collaboration between physicians and pharmacists can lead to more appropriate antibiotic use in hospitals.
Reminders for medication adherence in Type 2 diabetes management apps
Authors: Jimenez Geronimo , Lum Elaine , Huang Zhilian , Theng Yin Leng , Boehm Bernard O. , Car Josip 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMedication adherence is important for glycaemic control. However, less than half of those with Type 2 diabetes take medications as prescribed. One of the known barriers to medication adherence is forgetfulness. Given the current ubiquity of smartphones, diabetes self‐management apps represent a valuable avenue for providing medication reminders to help users adhere to their medication treatments and improve health outcomes. We assessed 181 diabetes management apps for the presence of medication reminder features and compared their characteristics with the evidence provided in studies showing the effectiveness of SMS reminders. We found that only 55.8% of the apps had a basic medication reminder function, although those that had them conformed to the characteristics of SMS reminders shown to be effective. This is an important missed opportunity for diabetes management apps to contribute not only to improving medication adherence, but also in having a positive effect on the health outcomes of this population.