bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced fractional anisotropy in projection, association, and commissural fiber networks in neonates with prenatal methamphetamine exposure
Authors: Warton Fleur L. , Taylor Paul A. , Warton Christopher M. R. , Molteno Christopher D. , Wintermark Pia , Zöllei Lilla , van der Kouwe Andre J. , Jacobson Joseph L. , Jacobson Sandra W. , Meintjes Ernesta M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrenatal exposure to methamphetamine is associated with neurostructural changes, including alterations in white matter microstructure. This study investigated the effects of methamphetamine exposure on microstructure of global white matter networks in neonates. Pregnant women were interviewed beginning in mid‐pregnancy regarding their methamphetamine use. Diffusion weighted imaging sets were acquired for 23 non‐sedated neonates. White matter bundles associated with pairs of target regions within five networks (commissural fibers, left and right projection fibers, and left and right association fibers) were estimated using probabilistic tractography, and fractional anisotropy (FA) and diffusion measures determined within each connection. Multiple regression analyses showed that increasing methamphetamine exposure was significantly associated with reduced FA in all five networks, after control for potential confounders. Increased exposure was associated with lower axial diffusivity in the right association fiber network and with increased radial diffusivity in the right projection and left and right association fiber networks. Within the projection and association networks a subset of individual connections showed a negative correlation between FA and methamphetamine exposure. These findings are consistent with previous reports in older children and demonstrate that microstructural changes associated with methamphetamine exposure are already detectable in neonates.
A comparative UPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐MS untargeted metabolomics investigation of different parts of Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels
Authors: Fan Ruiyi , Peng Cheng , Zhang Xinxin , Qiu Diyang , Mao Genlin , Lu Yusheng , Zeng Jiwu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, the non‐targeted large‐scale plant metabolomics (UPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐MS) was performed for the comparison of chemical profiling of the leaves, barks, flowers, peels, pulps, and seeds of Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels (called “wampee”). A total of 364 metabolites were identified, and 62 potential biomarkers were selected by the multivariate statistical analysis. Hierarchical cluster analysis suggested that the selected biomarkers were significant differential metabolites among various parts of wampee. Metabolic pathway analysis showed a significant enrichment of the “Flavone and flavonol synthesis” and “Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis” pathway. This study provides important information for the isolation and identification of functional components from different tissues of wampee and the metabolic biosynthesis pathway elucidation in detail.
The heterogeneous impact of environmental regulations on low‐carbon economic transformation in China: Empirical research based on the mediation effect model
Authors: Wang Xinli , Huang Yuansheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe heterogeneous impacts of environmental regulation on China's low‐carbon economic transformation has attracted much attention. This paper uses the provincial panel data of China as the sample, by constructing a dynamic intermediary effect model, this paper empirically tests the intermediary effect and path difference of different environmental regulation policies on carbon dioxide emission reduction. The study found that whether China's environmental regulatory policies can influence the intensity of carbon emissions through mediation effects is closely related to the type of policy. China's ordered environmental regulation policy can force technological innovation to indirectly curb carbon emissions, but a high carbon industry structure indirectly promotes carbon emissions. Carbon trading pilots have a negative intermediary effect on carbon emissions through industrial structure and technological innovation. The eastern mainly directly suppress carbon emissions through the market incentive policy, the central mainly relies on the command‐controlled environmental policy to achieve backward emission reduction, the western produces a green paradox. The Chinese government must fully consider the heterogeneity of environmental policies constantly improve and optimize the combination of environmental regulation policies. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absence of R‐Ras1 and R‐Ras2 causes mitochondrial alterations that trigger axonal degeneration in a hypomyelinating disease model
Authors: Alcover‐Sanchez Berta , Garcia‐Martin Gonzalo , Escudero‐Ramirez Juan , Gonzalez‐Riano Carolina , Lorenzo Paz , Gimenez‐Cassina Alfredo , Formentini Laura , de la Villa‐Polo Pedro , Pereira Marta P. , Wandosell Francisco , Cubelos Beatriz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFast synaptic transmission in vertebrates is critically dependent on myelin for insulation and metabolic support. Myelin is produced by oligodendrocytes (OLs) that maintain multilayered membrane compartments that wrap around axonal fibers. Alterations in myelination can therefore lead to severe pathologies such as multiple sclerosis. Given that hypomyelination disorders have complex etiologies, reproducing clinical symptoms of myelin diseases from a neurological perspective in animal models has been difficult. We recently reported that R‐Ras1−/− and/or R‐Ras2−/− mice, which lack GTPases essential for OL survival and differentiation processes, present different degrees of hypomyelination in the central nervous system with a compounded hypomyelination in double knockout (DKO) mice. Here, we discovered that the loss of R‐Ras1 and/or R‐Ras2 function is associated with aberrant myelinated axons with increased numbers of mitochondria, and a disrupted mitochondrial respiration that leads to increased reactive oxygen species levels. Consequently, aberrant myelinated axons are thinner with cytoskeletal phosphorylation patterns typical of axonal degeneration processes, characteristic of myelin diseases. Although we observed different levels of hypomyelination in a single mutant mouse, the combined loss of function in DKO mice lead to a compromised axonal integrity, triggering the loss of visual function. Our findings demonstrate that the loss of R‐Ras function reproduces several characteristics of hypomyelinating diseases, and we therefore propose that R‐Ras1−/− and R‐Ras2−/− neurological models are valuable approaches for the study of these myelin pathologies.
Temporally and sex‐specific effects of maternal perinatal stress on offspring cortical gyrification and mood in young adulthood
Authors: Mareckova Klara , Miles Amy , Andryskova Lenka , Brazdil Milan , Nikolova Yuliya S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMaternal stress during pregnancy and shortly thereafter is associated with altered offspring brain development that may increase risk of mood and anxiety disorders. Cortical gyrification is established during the prenatal period and the first 2 years of life and is altered in psychiatric disorders. Here, we sought to characterize the effects of perinatal stress exposure on offspring gyrification patterns and mood dysregulation in young adulthood. Participants included 85 young adults (56.5% women; 23–24 years) from the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC) with perinatal stress data across four distinct timepoints and structural MRI data from young adulthood. Perinatal stress exposure was measured as maternal stress during first and second half of pregnancy, first 6 months, and 6–18 months after birth. Cortical gyrification and mood dysregulation were quantified using local gyrification index (LGI), computed with Freesurfer, and the Profile of Mood States questionnaire, respectively. Perinatal stress predicted cortical gyrification in young adulthood, and its timing influenced location, direction, and sex‐specificity of effects. In particular, whereas early prenatal stress was associated with sex‐dependent medium‐to‐large effects in large temporal, parietal, and occipital regions (f2 = 0.19–0.38, p < .001), later perinatal stress was associated with sex‐independent small‐to‐medium effects in smaller, more anterior regions (f2 = 0.10–0.19, p < .003). Moreover, in females, early prenatal stress predicted higher LGI in a large temporal region, which was further associated with mood disturbance in adulthood (r = 0.399, p = .006). These findings point out the long‐term implications of perinatal stress exposure for cortical morphology and mood dysregulation.
Rehearsal of tactile working memory: Premotor cortex recruits two dissociable neuronal content representations
Authors: Schmidt Timo Torsten , Schröder Pia , Reinhardt Pablo , Blankenburg Felix 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecent working memory (WM) research has focused on identifying brain regions that retain different types of mental content. Only few neuroimaging studies have explored the mechanism of attention‐based refreshing, which is a type of rehearsal and is thought to implement the dynamic components of WM allowing for update of WM contents. Here, we took advantage of the distinct coding properties of the superior parietal lobe (SPL), which retains spatial layout information, and the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), which retains frequency information of vibrotactile stimuli during tactile WM. In an fMRI delayed match‐to‐sample task, participants had to internally rehearse sequences of spatial layouts or vibratory frequencies. Our results replicate the dissociation of SPL and IFG for the retention of layout and frequency information in terms of activation differences between conditions. Additionally, we found strong premotor cortex (PMC) activation during rehearsal of either stimulus type. To explore interactions between these regions we used dynamic causal modeling and found that activation within the network was best explained by a model that allows the PMC to drive activity in the SPL and IFG during rehearsal. This effect was content‐specific, meaning that the PMC showed stronger influence on the SPL during pattern rehearsal and stronger influence on the IFG during frequency rehearsal. In line with previously established PMC contributions to sequence processing, our results suggest that it acts as a content‐independent area that flexibly recruits content‐specific regions to bring a WM item into the focus of attention during the rehearsal of tactile stimulus sequences.
Prognostic value of immune‐related genes and immune cell infiltration analysis in the tumor microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Zizhuo , Yuan Huangbo , Huang Jia , Hu Dianxing , Qin Xu , Sun Chaoyang , Chen Gang , Wang Beibei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the few malignant tumors that respond well to immunotherapy. We aimed to investigate the immune‐related genes and immune cell infiltration of HNSCC and construct a predictive model for its prognosis.MethodsWe calculated the stromal/immune scores of patients with HNSCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas using the Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data algorithm and investigated the relationship between the scores and patients' prognosis. Three machine learning algorithms (LASSO, Random Forest, and Rbsurv) were performed to screen key immune‐related genes and constructed a predictive model. The immune cell infiltrating was calculated by the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource algorithm.ResultsThe stromal and immune scores significantly correlated with prognosis. A 6‐gene signature was selected and displayed a robust predictive effect. The expressions of key genes were associated with immune infiltrating. GSE65858 validated the results.ConclusionOur study comprehensively analyzed the tumor microenvironment of HNSCC and constructed a robust predictive model, providing a basis for further investigation of therapy.
On the contribution of groundwater to streamflow in laterite catchments of the Darling Range, south‐western Australia
Authors: Grigg Andrew Haden , Kinal Joe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn deeply weathered laterite catchments of the Darling Range in south‐western Australia, the direct contribution (i.e., discharge) of permanent groundwater to streamflow has long been considered as minor. Instead, downslope shallow throughflow was thought to dominate, generating more than 90% of streamflow. We used a chemical hydrograph separation approach to estimate annual groundwater discharge for three catchments over periods of up to 39 years, and found that direct groundwater contributions to streamflow were far more variable across catchments and through time than has previously been acknowledged. The estimated proportion of annual streamflow sourced directly from groundwater ranged from 0 to 93% and was related linearly to the size of the groundwater discharge area in the catchment valley floor. In contrast, contributions from shallow sources including shallow throughflow varied primarily and linearly with annual rainfall. However, the response to rainfall was “amplified” in a predictable way by the size of the groundwater discharge area, consistent with the variable source area concept. We derived a functional relationship between catchment annual rainfall‐runoff ratio and groundwater discharge area and successfully applied this to a further four catchments, inferring that the results were broadly applicable across the Darling Range. The implications for an improved understanding of streamflow generating processes in the study region, and for laterite catchments generally, are discussed.
A Critical Review of a Recommended Analytical and Classification Approach for Organic Fluorinated Compounds with an Emphasis on Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
Authors: Fiedler Heidelore , Kennedy Todd , Henry Barbara J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Organic fluorinated compounds have been detected in various environmental media and biota. Some of these compounds are regulated locally (e.g., perfluorononanoic acid maximum contaminant level in drinking water by the New Jersey Dept. of Environmental Protection), nationally (e.g., perfluorooctanoic acid maximum acceptable concentration in drinking water by Health Canada), or internationally (e.g., Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants). Globally, regulators and researchers seek to identify the organic fluorinated compounds associated with potential adverse effects, bioaccumulation, mobility, and persistence to manage their risks, and, to understand the beneficial attributes they bring to products such as first responder gear, etc. Clarity is needed to determine the best analytical method for the goal of the analyses (e.g., pure research or analysis to determine the extent of an accidental release, monitoring groundwater for specific compounds to determine regulatory compliance, and establish baseline levels in a river of organic fluorinated substances associated with human health risk prior to a clean-up effort). Analytical techniques that identify organic fluorine coupled together with targeted chemical analysis will yield information sufficient to identify public health or environmental hazards. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:331–351. © 2020. W.L. Gore & Associates Inc. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
KEY POINTS
This paper provides new and important clarity on fluorine-containing compounds, their uses, toxicological, chemical, and physical properties in relation to environmental occurrence, analysis, and how the interpretation of the analytical data is critical to effective regulation. To effectively protect public health and the environment, efforts must focus on those fluorinated compounds that pose the greatest risk, which necessitates an understanding of exposure pathways and determination of the concentration of the hazardous substance therein. Since national and internationally accepted standards do not always exist, this paper addresses analytical approaches so that fluorinated organic compounds can be identified and quantified appropriately.
Correlations of spot urinary sodium and potassium with blood pressure in pregnant women: A longitudinal study in Southern Thailand
Authors: Jandee Kasemsak , Liabsuetrakul Tippawan , Sriwimol Wilaiwan , Musigavon Panudda , Suksai Manaphat , Dyereg Jaeuddress 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the changes of spot urinary sodium and potassium and blood pressure (BP) throughout pregnancy and their correlations in southern Thailand.MethodsA longitudinal study was conducted in southern Thailand from March 2018 to November 2019. Spot urinary excretion of sodium per creatinine (U[Na+]/[Cr]), potassium per creatinine (U[K+]/[Cr]) and U[Na+]/[K+] ratios, and BP were measured at four time points throughout pregnancy. A one‐way analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni correction with post hoc analysis was used to identify significant differences between time points. The correlations were measured using Pearson’s correlation coefficients.ResultsA total of 327 pregnant women were included. Both systolic and diastolic BPs decreased gradually from up to 14 weeks of pregnancy to 18–22 weeks and then increased until 30–34 weeks. Mean spot U[Na+]/[Cr] ratios did not significantly change during the study period. Mean spot U[K+]/[Cr] ratios gradually increased, and spot U[Na+]/[K+] ratios gradually decreased. The correlation of spot U[Na+]/[Cr] and U[K+]/[Cr] ratios with BPs was weakly negative at all four time points.ConclusionsSpot U[Na+]/[Cr] and U[K+]/[Cr] ratios are inversely correlated with BPs; weak correlations are found among pregnant women in southern Thailand. Further research in different populations is required to confirm its correlation and broader use.
Thermography based breast cancer detection using self‐adaptive gray level histogram equalization color enhancement method
Authors: Arul Edwin Raj Anthony Muthu , Sundaram Muniasamy , Jaya Thirassama 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe early detection of tumor is necessary to save a number of lives. In women, the temperature of the affected area of the tumor is warmer than the unaffected area; therefore the thermography technique can be used to capture the cancerous breast images with a thermal infrared by identifying the temperature difference between them. Color enhancement of the captured breast image is an important consideration for early detection of tumor at this stage. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a self‐adaptive gray level histogram equalization approach to enhance the color of the IR image for early detection of the tumor. This approach does not require any manual feeding of parameters toward images. The final classification of tumorous and non‐tumorous breast images can obtain through certain procedures, which includes, image acquisition, pre‐processing, segmentation, feature extraction and classification. This paper emphasizes the support vector machine (SVM) technique to classify the tumor IR thermography images. The proposed approach is implemented in MATLAB and the experimental results shows an outstanding color enhancement of IR images and better classification compared to other existing methods such as CLAHE, BIi‐histogram equalization and adaptive histogram equalization. The performance was evaluated by using evaluation metrics such as sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity of thermography breast image by the SVM classifier adapted with various color enhancement approaches are found to be 91.6%, 90%, and 87.5%. This approach helps in medical field for early diagnosis with high reliability.
Atomistic hybridparticle‐fieldmolecular dynamics combined withslip‐springs: Restoring entangled dynamics to simulations of polymer melts
Authors: Wu Zhenghao , Kalogirou Andreas , De Nicola Antonio , Milano Giuseppe , Müller‐Plathe Florian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn hybrid particle‐field (hPF) simulations (J. Chem. Phys.,2009130, 214106), the entangled dynamics of polymer melts is lost due to chain crossability. Chains cross, because the field‐treatment of thenonbondedinteractions makes them effectively soft‐core. We introduce a multi‐chain slip‐spring model (J. Chem. Phys.,2013138, 104907) into the hPF scheme to mimic the topological constraints of entanglements. The structure of the polymer chains is consistent with that of regular molecular dynamics simulations and is not affected by the introduction of slip‐springs. Although slight deviations are seen at short times, dynamical properties such as mean‐square displacements and reorientational relaxation times are in good agreement with traditional molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical predictions at long times.
Association study of genetic variants at TTC32‐WDR35 gene cluster with coronary artery disease in Chinese Han population
Authors: Xu Ying , Zhuo Yang , Ye Mengliang , Li Mengmeng , Tang Xiaojun , Zhou Li 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundTTC32‐WDR35 gene cluster has been genome‐wide significantly associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the common variants in this region contributing to CAD risk remain elusive.MethodsWe performed a case‐control study enrolling 935 CAD cases and 935 age‐sex‐frequency‐matched controls from unrelated southwest Chinese Han population. Five variants were determined by TaqMan assay.ResultsThis study indicated that rs721932 CG genotype was associated with CAD risk (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.54‐0.86; P = .001). Stratified analysis showed that the risk associated with rs12617744 AA genotype was robust in male (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.42‐0.93, P = .02). The gene dosage of the risk allele at rs12617744 showed a significant association with left circumflex artery disease (P = .027) and the number of vascular lesions in patients (P = .034). Moreover, the gene dosage of rs721932 risk allele was associated with vascular lesion numbers (P = .048) and the progression of CAD (P = .028). Compared with carriers of major alleles, the AA genotype of rs12617744 and GG genotype of rs721932 were both associated with plasma HDL level (P = .009 and 0.004, respectively). Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) results showed significantly different TTC32 expression of subjects as a function of SNPs (rs2278528, rs7594214, and rs721932) genotype in the artery. Besides, FPRP analysis did support the strong links between polymorphisms and CAD risk.ConclusionsSNP rs721932 at TTC32‐WDR35 Gene Cluster was associated with CAD risk, and rs12617744 was associated with the risk of CAD among males. Both SNPs may contribute to the regulation of plasma HDL levels and possibly to the severity of CAD in Chinese Han population.