bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divergent SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T‐ and B‐cell responses in severe but not mild COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Oja Anna E. , Saris Anno , Ghandour Cherien A. , Kragten Natasja A.M. , Hogema Boris M. , Nossent Esther J. , Heunks Leo M.A. , Cuvalay Susan , Slot Ed , Linty Federica , Swaneveld Francis H. , Vrielink Hans , Vidarsson Gestur , Rispens Theo , van der Schoot Ellen , van Lier René A.W. , Ten Brinke Anja , Hombrink Pleun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is the causative agent of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Understanding the immune response that provides specific immunity but may also lead to immunopathology is crucial for the design of potential preventive and therapeutic strategies. Here, we characterized and quantified SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific immune responses in patients with different clinical courses. Compared to individuals with a mild clinical presentation, CD4+ T‐cell responses were qualitatively impaired in critically ill patients. Strikingly, however, in these patients the specific IgG antibody response was remarkably strong. Furthermore, in these critically ill patients, a massive influx of circulating T cells into the lungs was observed, overwhelming the local T‐cell compartment, and indicative of vascular leakage. The observed disparate T‐ and B‐cell responses could be indicative of a deregulated immune response in critically ill COVID‐19 patients.
Solar energy and TiO2 nanotubes: Biodiesel production from waste cooking olive oil
Authors: Khaligh Nader Ghaffari , Mihankhah Taraneh , Shahnavaz Zohreh , Zaharani Lia , Johan Mohd Rafie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTiO2 nanotubes have been used as practical heterogeneous nano‐catalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking olive oil using solar energy. Several critical parameters namely the reaction time and temperature and volume ratio of methanol to oil were optimized to obtain high‐quality biodiesel fuel. By using an optimum volume ratio of methanol to WCOO of 8.0:1.0 at 60°C within 4 h, the highest conversion of 91.2 ± 0.7% was obtained. Solar energy was applied to heat the reaction vessel by parabolic trough reflectors, and photovoltaic panels were employed to power a small electric motor for the stirring of the reaction mixture. After completion of the reaction, the nanocatalyst was separated by a centrifuge. The catalyst could be reused up to four times with a 3% reduction in yield of the final product. The variation of five pollutant emissions for a blend of biodiesel: diesel (20:80 vol/vol %) showed a net decrease of the total hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide emissions compared to the pure diesel fuel.
Impact of an 0.2 km3 Rock Avalanche on Lake Eibsee (Bavarian Alps, Germany) – Part II: Catchment Response to Consecutive Debris Avalanche and Debris Flow
Authors: Knapp Sibylle , Anselmetti Flavio S. , Lempe Bernhard , Krautblatter Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe ~0.2 km3 Eibsee rock avalanche impacted Paleolake Eibsee and completely displaced its waters. This study analyses the lake impact and the consequences, and the catchment response to the landslide. A quasi‐3D seismic reflection survey, four sediment cores from modern Lake Eibsee, reaching far down into the rock avalanche mass, nine radiocarbon ages, and geomorphic analysis allow us to distinguish the main rock avalanche event from a secondary debris avalanche and debris flow. The highly fluidized debris avalanche formed a megaturbidite and multiple swashes that are recorded in the lake sediments. The new calibrated age for the Eibsee rock avalanche of ~4080–3970 cal yr BP indicates a coincidence with rockslides in the Fernpass cluster and subaquatic landslides in Lake Piburg and Lake Plansee, and raises the possibility that a large regional earthquake triggered these events. We document a complex history of erosion and sedimentation in Lake Eibsee, and demonstrate how the catchment response and rebirth of the lake are revealed through the complementary application of geophysics, sedimentology, radiocarbon dating, and geomorphology. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
An exploration of genetic association tests for disease risk and age at onset
Authors: Martin Eden R. , Gao Xiaoyi R. , Li Yi‐Ju 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRisk genes influence the chance of an individual developing disease over their lifetime, although the age at onset (AAO) genes influence disease timing. These two categories are not disjoint; a gene that influences AAO might also appear to influence the risk. When an allele influences both AAO and risk, a reasonable question is whether we would have more power to detect association using a statistical test based on risk or AAO. To address this question, we compared power analytically for the Cochran–Armitage trend case–control test for risk and a linear regression case‐only test for AAO. We also used simulations to compare the power of these tests with a 2‐degree of freedom joint test (which combines the risk and AAO statistics) and the Cox proportional hazards survival model testing AAO (with censored data in controls). We found that when there is little heterogeneity, the case–control risk test has more power than the case‐only AAO test (with equivalent sample sizes), but when the model is complex (e.g., with heterogeneity or reduced penetrance), the relationship reverses. The joint test generally outperforms the risk or AAO test alone and ultimately is our recommendation as a powerful alternative in many scenarios.
Targeting the sensory feedback within the swallowing network—Reversing artificially induced pharyngolaryngeal hypesthesia by central and peripheral stimulation strategies
Authors: Muhle Paul , Labeit Bendix , Wollbrink Andreas , Claus Inga , Warnecke Tobias , Wolters Carsten H. , Gross Joachim , Dziewas Rainer , Suntrup‐Krueger Sonja 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPharyngolaryngeal hypesthesia is a major reason for dysphagia in various neurological diseases. Emerging neuromodulation devices have shown potential to foster dysphagia rehabilitation, but the optimal treatment strategy is unknown. Because functional imaging studies are difficult to conduct in severely ill patients, we induced a virtual sensory lesion in healthy volunteers and evaluated the effects of central and peripheral neurostimulation techniques. In a sham‐controlled intervention study with crossover design on 10 participants, we tested the potential of (peripheral) pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES) and (central) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to revert the effects of lidocaine‐induced pharyngolaryngeal hypesthesia on central sensorimotor processing. Changes were observed during pharyngeal air‐pulse stimulation and voluntary swallowing applying magnetoencephalography before and after the interventions. PES induced a significant (p < .05) increase of activation during swallowing in the bihemispheric sensorimotor network in alpha and low gamma frequency ranges, peaking in the right premotor and left primary sensory area, respectively. With pneumatic stimulation, significant activation increase was found after PES in high gamma peaking in the left premotor area. Significant changes of brain activation after tDCS could neither be detected for pneumatic stimulation nor for swallowing. Due to the peripheral cause of dysphagia in this model, PES was able to revert the detrimental effects of reduced sensory input on central processing, whereas tDCS was not. Results may have implications for therapeutic decisions in the clinical context.
Mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy on bereavement grief: Alterations of resting‐state network connectivity associate with changes of anxiety and mindfulness
Authors: Huang Feng‐Ying , Hsu Ai‐Ling , Chao Yi‐Ping , Shang Chloe Mu‐Hsuan , Tsai Jaw‐Shiun , Wu Changwei W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBereavement, the experience of losing a loved one, is one of the most catastrophic but inevitable events in life. It causes grief and intense depression‐like sadness. Recent studies have revealed the effectiveness and proficiency of mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in emotional regulation among bereavement populations. MBCT improves the well‐being of the bereaved by enhancing cognitive performances. Regarding the neural correlates of bereavement grief, previous studies focused on the alleviation of emotion–cognition interferences at specific brain regions. Here, we hypothesized that the bereavement grief fundamentally triggers global alterations in the resting‐state brain networks and part of the internetwork connectivity could be reformed after MBCT intervention. We recruited 19 bereaved individuals who participated the 8‐week MBCT program. We evaluated (a) the large‐scale changes in brain connectivity affected by the MBCT program; as well as (b) the association between connectivity changes and self‐rated questionnaire. First, after MBCT, the bereaved individuals showed the reduction of the internetwork connectivity in the salience, default‐mode and fronto‐parietal networks in the resting state but not under emotional arousal, implying the alleviated attention to spontaneous mind wandering after MBCT. Second, the alterations of functional connectivity between subcortical (e.g., caudate) and cortical networks (e.g., cingulo‐opercular/sensorimotor) were associated with the changes of the mindfulness scale, the anxiety and the emotion regulation ability. In summary, MBCT could enhance spontaneous emotion regulation among the bereaved individuals through the internetwork reorganizations in the resting state.
Parental attitudes regarding the need for genetic services in a pediatric brain tumor survivorship program
Authors: Zalan Alice , Maga Tara , Perpich Melody , Pillay Smiley Natasha , Weiss McQuaid Shelly 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPediatric brain tumor survivorship populations have not been typically offered genetic services as part of routine care. Genetic services can be defined as family history collection, genetic risk assessment for a patient and family members, and coordination of genetic testing. Prior research has focused on the integration of genetic services in the general pediatric oncology survivorship population and found a need for these services to be implemented. Gathering a family history and providing a genetic risk assessment have previously been determined to be an integral step in determining if an individual's cancer was due to a hereditary predisposition. The purpose of this study was to examine parental attitudes regarding the need for genetic services in their child's pediatric brain tumor survivorship clinic. Twelve semi‐structured interviews were conducted with parents participating in the Brain STAR (Survivors Taking Action and Responsibility) program at Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago. A grounded theory approach was used to code and analyze the results thematically. Five key themes were identified: participants’ perceived benefits and barriers regarding receiving genetic services, desirable time for implementation of these services, relevance of family history, and their thoughts regarding reproductive risk. These results provide insight for genetics professionals regarding the need for genetic services in this population, and how to best implement them.
Microorganization of ovaries and oogenesis of Haplotaxis sp. (Clitellata: Haplotaxidae)
Authors: Urbisz Anna Z. , Martin Patrick , Lagnika Moïssou , Chajec Łukasz , Świątek Piotr 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOvaries of Haplotaxis sp. were studied in active and nonactive states, that is, in a sexually mature specimen and in specimens outside of the reproductive period. Two pairs of ovaries were found in segments XI and XII. Especially in the nonactive state, they were in close contact with copulatory glands. Each ovary was composed of germ cells interconnected with syncytial cysts, which were enveloped by a layer of somatic cells. Within cysts each germ cell had one ring canal connecting it to the common anuclear cytoplasmic mass called a cytophore. During oogenesis clustering germ cells differentiated into nurse cells and oocytes; thus, the oogenesis was recognized as meroistic. Vitellogenic oocytes were detached from the ovaries and continued yolk absorption within the body cavity. Because recent studies have shown the variety of ovaries and germ line cyst organization in clitellates and suggest their evolutionary conservatism at the family or subfamily level, the data presented here can be valid in understanding the phylogenetic relationships among Clitellata. In this context, ovaries found in Haplotaxis sp. resembled those of the “Tubifex” type. “Tubifex” ovaries are characteristic for numerous microdrile taxa (tubificines, limnodriloidines, propappids, lumbriculids, and leech‐like branchiobdellids) and can be regarded as the primary character for these Clitellata in which germ‐line cysts are formed during early oogenesis. As the family Haplotaxidae is currently considered to be paraphyletic and the species studied here belongs to Haplotaxidae sensu stricto, our results support the close relationship of Haplotaxidae sensu stricto to the clade consisting of Lumbriculidae, Branchiobdellida, and Hirudinida, in which lumbriculids are sister to the latter two.
Signal Intensity and Volume of Pituitary and Thyroid Glands in Preterm and Term Infants
Authors: Otani Sayo , Fushimi Yasutaka , Iwanaga Kogoro , Tomotaki Seiichi , Yokota Yusuke , Oshima Sonoko , Sakurama Azusa , Wicaksono Krishna Pandu , Hinoda Takuya , Sakata Akihiko , Nakajima Satoshi , Okada Tomohisa , Takita Junko , Kawai Masahiko , Togashi Kaori 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundHypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) maturation has not been extensively evaluated using neonatal MRI, even though both structures are visualized on MRI.HypothesisThat signal intensity and volume of pituitary and thyroid (T) glands on MRI in neonates may be interrelated.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsIn all, 102 participants.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T, T1‐weighted pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition (PETRA).AssessmentThe volume of interest of the anterior pituitary (AP), posterior pituitary (PP), and T on MRI were defined on T1‐PETRA by two radiologists, and volumes of AP (AP_vol) and thyroid (T_vol) were calculated. Gestational age (GA), chronological age (CA), GA+CA, birth weight (BW), and thyroid function were recorded. Mean and maximum signal intensities of AP, PP, and T were normalized using signals from the pons and spinal cord as follows: signal ratio of anterior pituitary/pons (AP/pons), signal ratio of posterior pituitary/pons (PP/pons), and signal ratio of thyroid/cord (T/cord) T/cord, respectively.Statistical TestsCorrelations between signal intensity and volume measures and GA, CA, GA+CA, and BW were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient or Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Thyroid function analysis and Tmean/cord, Tmax/cord, and T_vol were evaluated using the Steel–Dwass test.ResultsAPmean/pons correlated positively with GA (ρ = 0.62, P < 0.001) and BW (ρ = 0.74, P < 0.001), and negatively with CA (ρ = −0.86, P < 0.001) and GA+CA (ρ = −0.46, P < 0.001). PPmean/pons correlated positively with GA (ρ = 0.49, P < 0.001) and BW (ρ = 0.63, P < 0.001), and negatively with CA (ρ = −0.70, P < 0.001) and GA+CA (r = −0.38, P < 0.001). Tmean/cord correlated positively with GA (ρ = 0.48, P < 0.001) and BW (ρ = 0.55, P < 0.001), and negatively with CA (ρ = −0.59, P < 0.001) and GA+CA (ρ = −0.22, P = 0.03). AP_vol correlated positively with GA (ρ = 0.68, P < 0.001) and BW (ρ = 0.73, P < 0.001), and negatively with CA (ρ = −0.72, P < 0.001). T_vol correlated positively with GA (ρ = 0.50, P < 0.001) and BW (ρ = 0.61, P < 0.001), and negatively with CA (ρ = −0.54, P < 0.001). APmean/pons correlated positively with Tmean/cord (ρ = 0.61, P < 0.001).Data ConclusionSignal and volume of pituitary and thyroid glands correlated positively with GA and BW, and negatively with CA in neonates.Level of Evidence4Technical Efficacy Stage5
Admission fasting plasma glucose is an independent risk factor for 28‐day mortality in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Yang Ping , Wang Nan , Wang Jingjing , Luo Ailin , Gao Feng , Tu Ye 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHyperglycemia commonly occurs in severe cases with COVID‐19. In this study, we explored the associations between admission fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 28‐day mortality in COVID‐19 patients. In this single centre retrospective study, 263 adult patients with COVID‐19 were included. Demographic and clinical information were collected and compared between patients with and without diabetes. Cox regression analyses were used to investigate the risk factors of 28‐day mortality in hospitals. Of 263 patients, 161 (61.2%) were male, 62 (25.6%) had a known history of diabetes, and 135 (51.3%) experienced elevated FPG (>7.0 mmol/L) at hospital admission. The median FPG in patients with diabetes was much higher than in patients without diabetes (12.79 vs. 6.47 mmol/L). Patients with diabetes had higher neutrophil count and D‐dimer, less lymphocyte count, lower albumin level, and more fatal complications. Multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that age (per 10‐year increase) (hazard ratio [HR], 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–1.74), admission FPG between 7.0 and 11.0 and ≥11.1 mmol/L (HR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.11–3.25 and HR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.21–3.64, respectively), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.31–6.39), and cardiac injury (HR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.33–3.47) were independent predictors of 28‐day mortality in COVID‐19 patients. Hyperglycemia on admission predicted worse outcome in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19. Intensive monitoring and optimal glycemic control may improve the prognosis of COVID‐19 patients.
Variability of monsoon inversion over the Arabian Sea and its impact on rainfall
Authors: Dwivedi Sanjeev , Yesubabu Viswanadhapalli , Ratnam M. Venkat , Dasari Hari Prasad , Langodan Sabique , Raj S. T. Akhil , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work investigates the spatial and temporal variability of the monsoon inversion (MI) over the Arabian Sea for the study of 37‐years period (1980–2016) using MERRA version2 (MERRA2) reanalysis and downscaled simulations generated with the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model. After validating the downscaled products with the observations from four radiosonde stations (Salalah, Mumbai, Goa and Mangalore), we analysed the variability of MI from diurnal to seasonal scales. The diurnal evolution of the MI suggests that radiative cooling over the Arabian Peninsula at night, together with the onset of boundary layer jets along the coast of Oman, play an important role in amplifying the intensity and spatial extent of the MI during night and into the early morning hours. A seasonal analysis of the simulated winds and MI reveals that WRF reproduced the monsoon characteristics as observed in MERRA2 reanalysis, including the spatial and vertical orientations of the MI. The downscaled winds are slightly overestimated (by 1–2 m⋅s−1) over the Arabian Sea, which resulted in an increased simulated wind shear over the western Arabian Sea, ultimately manifested in the form of an enhanced MI. We further investigated the variability of the lower tropospheric wind speed and associated changes in MI over the 37‐year period. This reveals a significant decreasing trend during the summer monsoon over the western Arabian Sea. We argue that this led to a decreasing trend in the lower tropospheric wind shear and advection of temperature and hence, reduced the frequency of occurrence of the MI (shown in graphical abstract).
Slope instabilities in steep cultivation systems: Process classification and opportunities from remote sensing
Authors: Tarolli Paolo , Pijl Anton , Cucchiaro Sara , Wei Wei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe cultivation of steep slopes is a widespread practice in hilly and mountainous areas around the world. Such environments often result in particular agricultural systems linked with unique local values of historical and cultural heritage, economy, and food security. However, steep‐slope agriculture is inherently exposed to slope instability processes, which are now widely aggravated due to natural (e.g., growing rainfall aggressiveness) and anthropogenic factors (e.g., unsuitable maintenance or agronomic practices). In the literature, among the many articles published on soil erosion, a specific focus on the analysis of slope instabilities in steep cultivation systems is lacking. The purpose of this article is, therefore, to create a specific overview of this problem, with some useful insights into the role of remote sensing. We introduce the problem first, highlighting the main issues related to slope instabilities in steep cultivated areas. Then we provided a classification of key published papers, based on the different types of mass movements studied and their location in the world. The spatial comparison of past research and estimated global hazard of the mass movement in agricultural areas highlighted a relevant bias: a strong scientific focus on southern European countries, yet large rural areas are at risk on all continents, many of these unexplored by science. The third section is related to the contribution of remote sensing technologies (e.g., LiDAR and RPAS photogrammetry) in mapping the investigated processes. This study could help to guide future research for better management of such socio‐economically relevant agricultural landscapes.
Metabolism of Storage Lipids and the Role of Lipid Droplets in the Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Hapala Ivan , Griac Peter , Holic Roman 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStorage lipids, triacylglycerols (TAG), and steryl esters (SE), are predominant constituents of lipid droplets (LD) in fungi. In several yeast species, metabolism of TAG and SE is linked to various cellular processes, including cell division, sporulation, apoptosis, response to stress, and lipotoxicity. In addition, TAG are an important source for the generation of value‐added lipids for industrial and biomedical applications. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is a widely used unicellular eukaryotic model organism. It is a powerful tractable system used to study various aspects of eukaryotic cellular and molecular biology. However, the knowledge of S. pombe neutral lipids metabolism is quite limited. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge of the homeostasis of storage lipids and of the role of LD in the fission yeast S. pombe with the aim to stimulate research of lipid metabolism and its connection with other essential cellular processes. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of fission yeast in lipid biotechnology and recent achievements in the use of S. pombe in the biotechnological production of valuable lipid compounds.