bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeted neonatal echocardiography-guided therapy pre-embolisation for congenital hepatic vascular malformation: inhaled nitric oxide to prevent paradoxical embolisation to the systemic circulation
Authors: Bischoff Adrianne R. , McNamara Patrick J. , Giesinger Regan E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractArteriovenous malformations may present with significant haemodynamic compromise in the neonatal period, typically with high output cardiac failure that may be accompanied by hypoxia and right ventricular dysfunction. Targeted neonatal echocardiography performed by trained neonatologists provides an enhanced physiology-based approach that can guide treatment and minimise complications. We present a case of a large hepatic vascular malformation whose therapy was guided by targeted neonatal echocardiography to prevent paradoxical embolisation of procedural glue to the systemic circulation.
Backjumping is Exception Handling
Authors: ROBBINS ED , KING ANDY , HOWE JACOB M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractISO Prolog provides catch and throw to realize the control flow of exception handling. This pearl demonstrates that catch and throw are inconspicuously amenable to the implementation of backjumping. In fact, they have precisely the semantics required: rewinding the search to a specific point and carrying of a preserved term to that point. The utility of these properties is demonstrated through an implementation of graph coloring with backjumping and a backjumping SAT solver that applies conflict-driven clause learning.
Selected root plant supplementation reduces indices of exercise-induced muscle damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Doma Kenji , Devantier-Thomas Baily , Gahreman Daniel , Connor Jonathan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of selected root plants (curcumin, ginseng, ginger and garlic) on markers of muscle damage and muscular performance measures following muscle-damaging protocols. We included 25 studies (parallel and crossover design) with 353 participants and used the PEDro scale to appraise each study. Forest plots were generated to report on standardised mean differences (SMD) and p-values at 24 and 48 hours following the muscle-damaging protocols. The meta-analysis showed that the supplemental (SUPP) condition showed significantly lower levels of indirect muscle damage markers (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and myoglobin) and muscle soreness at 24 hours and 48 hours (p < 0.01) than the placebo (PLA) condition. The inflammatory markers were significantly lower for the SUPP condition than the PLA condition at 24 hours (p = 0.02), although no differences were identified at 48 hours (p = 0.40). There were no significant differences in muscular performance measures between the SUPP and PLA conditions at 24 hours and 48 hours (p > 0.05) post-exercise. According to our qualitative data, a number of studies reported a reduction in oxidative stress (e.g., malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase) with a concomitant upregulation of anti-oxidant status, although other studies showed no effects. Accordingly, selected root plants minimised the level of several biomarkers of muscle damage, inflammation and muscle soreness during periods of exercise-induced muscle damage. However, the benefits of these supplements in ameliorating oxidative stress, increasing anti-oxidant status and accelerating recovery of muscular performance appears equivocal, warranting further research in these outcome measures.
How Do Brazilian Fires Affect Air Pollution and Public Health?
Authors: Marlier M. E. , Bonilla E. X. , Mickley L. J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFires burning across the Amazon in the summer of 2019 attracted global attention for the widespread destruction of natural ecosystems and regional smoke production. Using a combination of satellite fire observations and atmospheric modeling, Nawaz and Henze (2020, https://doi.org.10.1029/2020GH000268) provide new evidence for the widespread regional public health consequences attributed to these fires. They find that approximately 10% of premature deaths in Brazil due to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are attributable to smoke pollution and highlight how fire locations play a critical role in determining downwind health impacts.
Scaling Laws for the Length Scale of Energy‐Containing Eddies in a Sheared and Thermally Stratified Atmospheric Surface Layer
Authors: Ayet A. , Katul G. G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the atmospheric surface layer (ASL), a characteristic wavelength marking the limit between energy‐containing and inertial subrange scales can be defined from the vertical velocity spectrum. This wavelength is related to the integral length scale of turbulence, used in turbulence closure approaches for the ASL. The scaling laws describing the displacement of this wavelength with changes in atmospheric stability have eluded theoretical treatment and are considered here. Two derivations are proposed for mildly unstable to mildly stable ASL flows one that only makes use of normalizing constraints on the vertical velocity variance along with idealized spectral shapes featuring production to inertial subrange regimes, while another utilizes a co‐spectral budget with a return‐to‐isotropy closure. The expressions agree with field experiments and permit inference of the variations of the wavelength with atmospheric stability. This methodology offers a new perspective for numerical and theoretical modeling of ASL flows and for experimental design.
Driving of Outer Belt Electron Loss by Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Structures: Analysis of Balloon and Satellite Data
Authors: Breneman A. W. , Halford A. J. , Millan R. M. , Woodger L. A. , Zhang X.‐J. , Sandhu J. K. , Capannolo L. , Li W. , Ma Q. , Cully C. M. , Murphy K. R. , Brito T. , Elliott S. S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present observations of ~10–60 min solar wind dynamic pressure structures that drive large‐scale coherent ~20–100 keV electron loss from the outer radiation belt. A combination of simultaneous satellite and Balloon Array for Radiation‐belt Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL) observations on 11–12 January 2014 shows a close association between the pressure structures and precipitation as inferred from BARREL X‐rays. Specifically, the structures drive radial ExB transport of electrons up to 1 Earth radii, modulating the free electron energy available for low‐frequency plasmaspheric hiss growth, and subsequent hiss‐induced loss cone scattering. The dynamic pressure structures, originating near the Sun and commonly observed advecting with the solar wind, are thus able to switch on scattering loss of electrons by hiss over a large spatial scale. Our results provide a direct link between solar wind pressure fluctuations and modulation of electron loss from the outer radiation belt and may explain long‐period modulations and large‐scale coherence of X‐rays commonly observed in the BARREL data set.
A method for large-scale implantation of 3D microdevice ensembles into brain and soft tissue
Authors: Sigurdsson Stefan A. , Yu Zeyang , Lee Joonhee , Nurmikko Arto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWireless networks of implantable electronic sensors and actuators at the microscale (sub-mm) level are being explored for monitoring and modulation of physiological activity for medical diagnostics and therapeutic purposes. Beyond the requirement of integrating multiple electronic or chemical functions within small device volumes, a key challenge is the development of high-throughput methods for the implantation of large numbers of microdevices into soft tissues with minimal damage. To that end, we have developed a method for high-throughput implantation of ~100–200 µm size devices, which are here simulated by proxy microparticle ensembles. While generally applicable to subdermal tissue, our main focus and experimental testbed is the implantation of microparticles into the brain. The method deploys a scalable delivery tool composed of a 2-dimensional array of polyethylene glycol-tipped microneedles that confine the microparticle payloads. Upon dissolution of the bioresorbable polyethylene glycol, the supporting array structure is retrieved, and the microparticles remain embedded in the tissue, distributed spatially and geometrically according to the design of the microfabricated delivery tool. We first evaluated the method in an agarose testbed in terms of spatial precision and throughput for up to 1000 passive spherical and planar microparticles acting as proxy devices. We then performed the same evaluations by implanting particles into the rat cortex under acute conditions and assessed the tissue injury produced by our method of implantation under chronic conditions.
Design rules for dense and rapid Lissajous scanning
Authors: Wang Junya , Zhang Gaofei , You Zheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLissajous microscanners are very popular in compact laser-scanning applications, such as solid-state light detection and ranging (LIDAR), owing to their high-quality factor and low power consumption. In the Lissajous scanner driven by a two-axis micro-electro-mechanical system scanning mirror (MEMS-SM), the design theory is insufficient to meet the temporal and spatial resolution at the same time. In this paper, the greatest common divisor of the two-axis driving frequency is used as the temporal resolution, the concept of the fill factor (FF) is used to describe the spatial resolution of the scanner, and a general algorithm for calculating the FF is presented. Combined with the characteristics of the Lissajous trajectory, three design rules of the general Lissajous scanner are proposed, and the design theory of the Lissajous scanner enabling MEMS LIDAR is perfected. Experimental results show that the proposed design rules can effectively meet the LIDAR design requirements.
Sensitive capacitive pressure sensors based on graphene membrane arrays
Authors: Šiškins Makars , Lee Martin , Wehenkel Dominique , van Rijn Richard , de Jong Tijmen W. , Renshof Johannes R. , Hopman Berend C. , Peters Willemijn S. J. M. , Davidovikj Dejan , van der Zant Herre S. J. , Steeneken Peter G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe high flexibility, impermeability and strength of graphene membranes are key properties that can enable the next generation of nanomechanical sensors. However, for capacitive pressure sensors, the sensitivity offered by a single suspended graphene membrane is too small to compete with commercial sensors. Here, we realize highly sensitive capacitive pressure sensors consisting of arrays of nearly ten thousand small, freestanding double-layer graphene membranes. We fabricate large arrays of small-diameter membranes using a procedure that maintains the superior material and mechanical properties of graphene, even after high-temperature annealing. These sensors are readout using a low-cost battery-powered circuit board, with a responsivity of up to $$47.8$$
47.8
aF Pa−1 mm−2, thereby outperforming the commercial sensors.
Mapping inertial migration in the cross section of a microfluidic channel with high-speed imaging
Authors: Zhou Jian , Peng Zhangli , Papautsky Ian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe wide adoption of inertial microfluidics in biomedical research and clinical settings, such as rare cell isolation, has prompted the inquiry of its underlying mechanism. Although tremendous improvement has been made, the mechanism of inertial migration remains to be further elucidated. Contradicting observations are not fully reconciled by the existing theory, and details of the inertial migration within channel cross sections are missing in the literature. In this work, for the first time, we mapped the inertial migration pathways within channel cross section using high-speed imaging at the single-particle level. This is in contrast to the conventional method of particle streak velocimetry (PSV), which provides collective information. We also applied smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) to simulate the transient motion of particles in 3D and obtained cross-sectional migration trajectories that are in agreement with the high-speed imaging results. We found two opposing pathways that explain the contradicting observations in rectangular microchannels, and the force analysis of these pathways revealed two metastable positions near the short walls that can transition into stable positions depending on the flow condition and particle size. These new findings significantly improve our understanding of the inertial migration physics, and enhance our ability to precisely control particle and cell behaviors within microchannels for a broad range of applications.
Enhancing photovoltages at p-type semiconductors through a redox-active metal-organic framework surface coating
Authors: Beiler Anna M. , McCarthy Brian D. , Johnson Ben A. , Ott Sascha 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSurface modification of semiconductors can improve photoelectrochemical performance by promoting efficient interfacial charge transfer. We show that metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are viable surface coatings for enhancing cathodic photovoltages. Under 1-sun illumination, no photovoltage is observed for p-type Si(111) functionalized with a naphthalene diimide derivative until the monolayer is expanded in three dimensions in a MOF. The surface-grown MOF thin film at Si promotes reduction of the molecular linkers at formal potentials >300 mV positive of their thermodynamic potentials. The photocurrent is governed by charge diffusion through the film, and the MOF film is sufficiently conductive to power reductive transformations. When grown on GaP(100), the reductions of the MOF linkers are shifted anodically by >700 mV compared to those of the same MOF on conductive substrates. This photovoltage, among the highest reported for GaP in photoelectrochemical applications, illustrates the power of MOF films to enhance photocathodic operation.
Highly efficient synthesis of non-planar macrocycles possessing intriguing self-assembling behaviors and ethene/ethyne capture properties
Authors: Mao Lijun , Hu Yang , Tu Qian , Jiang Wei-Ling , Zhao Xiao-Li , Wang Wenjing , Yuan Daqiang , Wen Jin , Shi Xueliang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt has been a challenging topic and perpetual task to design and synthesize covalent macrocycles with characteristic self-assembling behaviors and excellent host-guest properties in supramolecular chemistry. Herein, we present a family of macrocyclic diphenylamine[n]arenes (DPA[n]s, n = 3–7) consisting of methyldiphenylamine units through a facile one-pot synthesis strategy. Unlike many other reported macrocyclic arenes, the resultant non-planar DPA[n]s feature intrinsic π-π stacking interactions, interesting self-assembling behaviors and ethene/ethyne capture properties. Specifically, strong multiple intermolecular edge-to-face aromatic interactions in DPA[3] have been systematically investigated both in solid and solution states. The intriguing findings on the intermolecular edge-to-face stacking interaction mode in the macrocycle would further highlight the importance of noncovalent π-π interaction in supramolecular self-assembly. This study will also shed light on the macrocyclic and supramolecular chemistry and, we expect, will provide a direction for design and synthesis of covalent macrocycles in this area.
Plasmonic nano-aperture label-free imaging (PANORAMA)
Authors: Ohannesian Nareg , Misbah Ibrahim , Lin Steven H. , Shih Wei-Chuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLabel-free optical imaging of nanoscale objects faces fundamental challenges. Techniques based on propagating surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) have shown promises. However, challenges remain to achieve diffraction-limited resolution and better surface localization in SPR imaging. LSPR imaging with dark-field microscopy on metallic nanostructures suffers from low light throughput and insufficient imaging capacity. Here we show ultra-near-field index modulated PlAsmonic NanO-apeRture lAbel-free iMAging (PANORAMA) which uniquely relies on unscattered light to detect sub-100 nm dielectric nanoparticles. PANORAMA provides diffraction-limited resolution, higher surface sensitivity, and wide-field imaging with dense spatial sampling. Its system is identical to a standard bright-field microscope with a lamp and a camera – no laser or interferometry is needed. In a parallel fashion, PANORAMA can detect, count and size individual dielectric nanoparticles beyond 25 nm, and dynamically monitor their distance to the plasmonic surface at millisecond timescale.
Conservative route to genome compaction in a miniature annelid
Authors: Martín-Durán José M. , Vellutini Bruno C. , Marlétaz Ferdinand , Cetrangolo Viviana , Cvetesic Nevena , Thiel Daniel , Henriet Simon , Grau-Bové Xavier , Carrillo-Baltodano Allan M. , Gu Wenjia , Kerbl Alexandra , Marquez Yamile , Bekkouche Nicolas , Chourrout Daniel , Gómez-Skarmeta Jose Luis , Irimia Manuel , Lenhard Boris , Worsaae Katrine , Hejnol Andreas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe causes and consequences of genome reduction in animals are unclear because our understanding of this process mostly relies on lineages with often exceptionally high rates of evolution. Here, we decode the compact 73.8-megabase genome ofDimorphilus gyrociliatus, a meiobenthic segmented worm. TheD. gyrociliatusgenome retains traits classically associated with larger and slower-evolving genomes, such as an ordered, intact Hox cluster, a generally conserved developmental toolkit and traces of ancestral bilaterian linkage. Unlike some other animals with small genomes, the analysis of theD. gyrociliatusepigenome revealed canonical features of genome regulation, excluding the presence of operons andtrans-splicing. Instead, the gene-denseD. gyrociliatusgenome presents a divergent Myc pathway, a key physiological regulator of growth, proliferation and genome stability in animals. Altogether, our results uncover a conservative route to genome compaction in annelids, reminiscent of that observed in the vertebrateTakifugu rubripes.
TZM-gfp cells: a tractable fluorescent tool for analysis of rare and early HIV-1 infection
Authors: Gludish David W. , Boliar Saikat , Caldwell Shannon , Tembo Dumizulu L. , Chimbayo Elizabeth T. , Jambo Kondwani C. , Mwandumba Henry C. , Russell David G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHere we describe TZM-gfp, a novel HIV-1 reporter cell derived from the same parental clone JC.53, used previously to generate the widely-utilized indicator cell line TZM-bl. We re-engineered JC.53 cells to express GFP under regulation of HIV Tat and Rev. We characterize the new reporter cell line to show that TZM-gfp cells are equally susceptible to HIV infection, exhibit minimal background signal, and can report HIV infection in rare cells from a bulk population of experimentally-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages. We demonstrate the utility and sensitivity of the cells in detection of even a single HIV-positive macrophage by fluorescence-assisted correlative electron microscopy, using the GFP signal to guide imaging of HIV virions in primary co-culture. Finally, we used TZM-gfp cells for viral capture during co-culture with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, showing that TZM-gfp can support outgrowth and analyses of patient-derived primary HIV-1 isolates.
Association between pet ownership and physical activity levels, atopic conditions, and mental health in Singapore: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Goh Ying Xian , Tan Joel Shi Quan , Syn Nicholas L. , Tan Beverley Shu Wen , Low Jia Ying , Foo Yi Han , Fung Waikit , Hoong Brandon Yi Da , Pang Junxiong ,   Phase IV CHP 2020 Group 8, Lim Qi Xuan , Wee Jieying , Ng Terence Yan Ming , Chow Hsin Han Elisha , Ng Yu Ling , Chong Jiamin Charmaine , Yeo Charmaine Yan , Tan Lorraine Hui En , Sim Abigail E Xuan , Abdurrahman Ahmad bin Hanifah Marican , Soon Carissa-Jill Yinn , Wee Ian Jun Yan , Ng Julia Yu Xin , Lim Xin Chen , Ng Lloyd Jee Hean , Lim Mervin Nathan Han Hui , Ong Wei Ren , Ong Wen Tao Daniel , Tan Ryan Gabriel , Viganeshwari S. Hema , Pillai Santhosh S/O Sasidaran , Chan Shawn Soon Han , Kamil Siti Humaira Bte Mohd , Soh Isabel , Su Mengyue , Tan Yu Xiang , Chew Valerie Tian Wei , Yang Lily Wei Yun , Yee Mun Yike Fiona 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough existing literature increasingly suggests a positive influence of pet ownership on human physical activity levels, results from many European, American, and Japanese studies have been inconsistent. How pet ownership impacts mental health and atopy is likewise controversial and whether distinct demographic subgroups experience differential effects is unclear. This cross-sectional study surveyed participants (n = 823) via a self-administered online questionnaire. Comparisons of outcomes between pet owners and non-pet owners with subgroup analyses were performed within a propensity score-matched subset (n = 566) of respondents. There were no differences in physical activity levels or mental health scores between pet owners and non-pet owners. In subgroup analyses, compared to non-pet owners, main pet caregivers reported 14.1 (95% CI 2.79–25.3) and 19.0 (95% CI 4.70–33.3) more minutes per week of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity respectively and higher SF-36 emotional well-being (β = 2.7, 95% CI 0.100–5.32) and energy scores (β = 3.8, 95% CI 0.410–7.27). Age was a significant effect modifier of the association between pet ownership and emotional well-being, energy and social functioning scores, with greater scores above the ages of 39, 35 and 39 years old respectively (interaction p = 0.043, 0.044, 0.042). Finally, pet acquisition was associated with worsening of allergic rhinitis, while pet ownership cessation was associated with improvement of allergic rhinitis and eczema symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first study addressing the public health impact of pet ownership in Southeast Asia and its findings add contextual nuance to suggest potential benefits derived from pet ownership.
GIANT: galaxy-based tool for interactive analysis of transcriptomic data
Authors: Vandel Jimmy , Gheeraert Céline , Staels Bart , Eeckhoute Jérôme , Lefebvre Philippe , Dubois-Chevalier Julie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTranscriptomic analyses are broadly used in biomedical research calling for tools allowing biologists to be directly involved in data mining and interpretation. We present here GIANT, a Galaxy-based tool for Interactive ANalysis of Transcriptomic data, which consists of biologist-friendly tools dedicated to analyses of transcriptomic data from microarray or RNA-seq analyses. GIANT is organized into modules allowing researchers to tailor their analyses by choosing the specific set of tool(s) to analyse any type of preprocessed transcriptomic data. It also includes a series of tools dedicated to the handling of raw Affymetrix microarray data. GIANT brings easy-to-use solutions to biologists for transcriptomic data mining and interpretation.