bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating mosquito-free outdoor spaces using transfluthrin-treated chairs and ribbons
Authors: Masalu John Paliga , Finda Marceline , Killeen Gerry F. , Ngowo Halfan S. , Pinda Polius G. , Okumu Fredros O. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Residents of malaria-endemic communities spend several hours outdoors performing different activities, e.g. cooking, story-telling or eating, thereby exposing themselves to potentially-infectious mosquitoes. This compromises effectiveness of indoor interventions, notably long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS). This study characterized common peri-domestic spaces in rural south-eastern Tanzania, and assessed protective efficacies of hessian fabric mats and ribbons treated with the spatial repellent, transfluthrin and respectively fitted to chairs and outdoor kitchens, against mosquitoes.Methods Two hundred households were surveyed, and their most-used peri-domestic spaces physically characterized. Protective efficacies of locally-made transfluthrin-emanating chairs and hessian ribbons were tested in outdoor environments of eight households using volunteer-occupied exposure-free double net traps. CDC light traps were used to estimate host-seeking mosquito densities within open-structure outdoor kitchens. Field-collected Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus mosquitoes were exposed underneath the chairs to estimate 24h-mortality. Finally, WHO insecticide susceptibility tests were conducted on wild-caught Anopheles from the villages.Results Approximately half (52%) of houses had verandas. Aside from these verandas, most houses also had peri-domestic spaces where residents stayed most times (67% of houses with verandas and 94% of non-veranda houses). Two-thirds of these spaces were sited under trees, and only one third (34.4%) were built-up. The outdoor structures were usually makeshift kitchens having roofs and partial walls. Transfluthrin-treated chairs reduced outdoor-biting An. arabiensis densities by 70-76% while transfluthrin-treated hessian ribbons fitted to the outdoor kitchens caused 81% reduction in the general peri-domestic area. Almost all the field-collected An. arabiensis (99.4%) and An. funestus (100%) exposed under transfluthrin-treated chairs died. The An. arabiensis were susceptible to non-pyrethroids (pirimiphos methyl & bendiocarb) but resistant to pyrethroids commonly used on LLINs (deltamethrin & permethrin).Conclusion Most houses had actively-used peri-domestic outdoor spaces where exposure to mosquitoes occurred. The transfluthrin-treated chair and ribbons reduced outdoor-biting malaria vectors in these peri-domestic spaces, and also elicited significant mortality among pyrethroid-resistant field-caught malaria vectors. These two new prototype formats for transfluthrin emanators, if developed further, may constitute new options for complementing LLINs and IRS with outdoor protection against malaria and other mosquito-borne pathogens in areas where peri-domestic human activities are common.
Isolation and identification of carotenoid producing yeast and evaluation of antimalarial activity of the extracted carotenoid(s) against P. falciparum
Authors: Sinha Sweta , Chakrabarti Amrita , Singh Gunjan , kumar Kukkala K , Gaur Naseem A , Singh Shailja , paul debarati 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Malaria is a big threat and one of the major diseases and important cause of human illness and death in developing countries, in which majority of deaths were found to be due to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. It is becoming a serious challenge to fight against malaria because of the emergence of Plasmodium falciparum strains resistant to all anti-malarial drugs. As microbial carotenoids are well-known anti-oxidants, performing critical functions in plants and animals, in this study, the extracted microbial carotenoids were tested for their anti-malarial activity. Methods: To determine the anti-malarial activity of microbial carotenoids, five isolated yeast strains were identified, and characterized for their carotenoid production. The evaluation of anti-malarial activity of extracted carotenoids was tested on Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 using in vitro growth inhibition assay. Data was analyzed by FACS (Fluorescence activated cell sorter) and counted via gold standard Geimsa-stained smears. Extracted yeast carotenoids showed a profound inhibitory effect at a certain concentration when compared to β- carotenoid as control. Results: Yeast carotenoids showed a profound inhibitory effect at a concentration of 10-3 µg/µl and 10-4µg/µl when compared to β- carotenoid as control. SYBR Green1 fluorescent dye was used to confirm the decrease in parasitemia at given range of concentration. Egress assay results suggested that treated parasite remained stalled at schizont stage with constricted morphology and were darkly stained. Non-toxicity of carotenoids on erythrocytes and on human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2 cells) was shown at a given concentration. Conclusions: Anti-oxidant and anti-carcinogenic activity of carotenoids is well established, so we embarked upon predicting anti-parasitic effects of yeast carotenoids to fight the dreaded disease, malaria. Results suggest that the extracted yeast carotenoids was able to kill the parasite by 98.3% and it was non-toxic to RBCs and HepG2 cells. This is the first report which provides strong evidence for anti-malarial effects of extracted yeast-carotenoids, which can be produced via a sustainable and cost-effective strategy and may be scaled up for industrial application. Keywords: Carotenoids, yeast, Rhodotorula, β carotene, Plasmodium falciparum, malaria
Effectiveness of Treating Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease and Co-Existent Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation with Mebicar
Authors: Serediuk Lesia , Vakalyuk Ihor , Tsimbalyuk Ulyana , Bila Lesia 
Published: December 2019

Atrial fibrillation is a disturbance of heart rhythm, which is characterized by frequent contractions of atrial muscle fibers. Stable ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension, heart failure, obesity are risk factors for progression of atrial fibrillation. Psycho-emotional stress, anxiety and depression can be the cause of atrial fibrillation paroxysm as well.
The objective of the research was to study the effect of mebicаr in the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation considering anxiety-depressive symptoms.
Materials and Methods. Observations were performed on patients with stable ischemic heart disease and co-existent paroxysmal atrial fibrillation using clinico-psychopathological research method (structured interview). The level of stress was determined on the L. Rider scale and the 10-Item perceived stress scale; the level of anxiety and depression was determined by means of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The evaluation of the free radical oxidation state was carried out using a spectrophotometric method to determine the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase in the blood serum.
Results. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the higher the level of anxiety-depressive disorders, the more frequent paroxysms of atrial fibrillation. High level of stress was found in 37.50% of men (p<0.01) and 31.25% of women (p<0.05) in Group 2b. The manifestations of the clinical level of anxiety and depression in men of Group 2b (p<0.05) were detected.
Conclusions. The analysis of electrocardiogram indices showed the signs of atrial fibrillation (p<0.05), repolarization abnormalities (p<0.001), left ventricular hypertrophy (p<0.05), and the appearance of extrasystoles (p<0.001). Echocardiographic indices showed the signs of diffuse cardiosclerosis, severe left atrial dilatation (p<0.05) and reduced myocardial contractility, which was statistically confirmed. The use of anxiolytic medication – mebicar – during treatment helped significantly improve the clinical and hemodynamic parameters, which confirmed treatment effectiveness.
Psychological Peculiarities of Professional Burnout of Teachers of High Medical Educational Institutions
Authors: Pobigun Nadiia , Shalamai Uliana 
Published: December 2019

In the article the relevance of the outlined problem in the context of the entrance of Ukraine in the world medical educational space is covered. The essence of the professional burnout of teachers of the higher medical educational institutions (HMEI), which is characterized by the gradual loss of life tone by the subject under influence of prolonged stress in the professional teaching activity and is manifested by symptoms of chronic fatigue, general exhaustion, depersonalization, reduction of professional achievements, etc., is determined too.
The objective of the study – to substantiate reasons, peculiarities, objective and subjective factors of the professional (emotional) burnout of teachers of the HMEI.
In the investigation the historical-systematic, comparative method and objective-specific method are used.
It is emphasized that the syndrome of professional burnout can lead to general decrease of the effectiveness of the professional activity of the teacher, deformation of interpersonal relationships as well as decrease of activity in the creative professional self-improvement, self-development. The threats and risks of the professional burnout of the teachers of medical university in providing the quality of professional training of future healthcare professionals, are characterized.
Transanal Endorectal Pull-Through With or Without Laparoscopic Assistance
Authors: Kurtash Oleh 
Published: December 2019

Hirschsprung’s disease requires surgical treatment. Depending on the form of aganglionosis and severity of pathology, open or minimally invasive, transanal endorectal pull-through with or without laparoscopic assistance may be used.
The objective of the research was to study the efficiency of using transanal endorectal pull-through with and without laparoscopic assistance for treating Hirschsprung’s disease in children. We compared outcomes between approaches.
Materials and Methods. Over the period 2011-2016, 145 children with Hirschsprung’s disease were surgically treated using transanal endorectal pull-through (n=81) and laparoscopic-assisted transanal endorectal pull-through (n=64). A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were carried out.
Results. We noticed that transanal endorectal pull-through without laparoscopic assistance could be easily used in children under 4 years of age with aganglionosis including the sigmoid colon without significant colon dilatation considering a significant mesosigmoid mobility at such age. In other cases, we used laparoscopic-assisted transanal endorectal pull-through. The advantages of laparoscopic stage included the possibility for correct planning of surgical strategy, a thorough revision of the affected colon, determination of aganglionosis level, mobilization of the mesenterium, elimination of the adhesions and ligaments holding the colon, thereby avoiding tension in coloanal anastomosis, control and prevention of pull-through colon twisting which may cause an obstruction. In older patients, the proximal end of the rectum could be dissected laparoscopically. This allowed transanal endorectal pull-through to be performed quicker and safer. In the postoperative period, patients underwent rehabilitation with good functional results. Two children developed coloanal anastomotic dehiscence which was corrected by open stage treatment.
Conclusions. Age-related and anatomical features of the colon in the patients with Hirschsprung’s disease allowed performing transanal endorectal pull-through with or without laparoscopic assistance. Significant dilation of the colon, aganglionosis above the sigmoid area and the patient’s age over 4 years were indications for performing transanal endorectal pull-through with laparoscopic assistance. In other cases, transanal endorectal pull-through could be performed without laparoscopic assistance. The laparoscopic-assisted transanal endorectal pull-through procedure turned to be a safe and feasible technique for patients with Hirschsprung’s disease.
Changes in the Levels of Modern Biomarkers in Patients with Decompensated Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction Under the Influence of Treatment with Succinic Acid and Arginine Preparations
Authors: Levandovska Khrystyna 
Published: December 2019

The prevalence of heart failure in Europe and worldwide is high. This syndrome is a common cause of hospitalization and has a significant impact on morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs in highly developed countries. The study of biomarkers in heart failure is of wide interest as they can improve diagnosis, predict the development of heart failure and its decompensation, and help in assessing treatment outcomes.
The objective of the research was to study the feasibility of using multiple biomarker strategy for diagnosing decompensated heart failure in the post-infarction period and to assess changes in these markers after treatment with succinic acid and arginine preparations.
Materials and Methods. There were examined 120 patients with Q-QS wave and non-Q wave myocardial infarction complicated by decompensated heart failure. All the patients were divided into 2 groups (depending on Q-QS wave and non-Q wave myocardial infarction) and 4 subgroups (depending on rehabilitation therapy) being homogenous by age and gender.
Results. When studying the dynamics of changes in blood level of N-terminal pro-B-type brain natriuretic peptide and ST2, there was observed its significant reduction in all the patients with prior Q-QS wave myocardial infarction complicated by decompensated heart failure after treatment. The most significant changes were observed in the patients of Group IV who, on the background of basic therapy, received succinic acid and arginine preparations according to the proposed scheme. The combined use of arginine preparations and succinic acid in combination therapy for decompensated heart failure secondary to prior Q-QS wave myocardial infarction allowed reducing blood levels of N-terminal pro-B-type brain natriuretic peptide under conditions of graded exercises. Similar tendencies were observed when determining this indicator in the patients with non-Q wave myocardial infarction complicated by decompensated heart failure after rehabilitation treatment.
Conclusions. The use of succinic acid and arginine preparations when treating the patients with prior Q-QS wave and non-Q wave myocardial infarction complicated by decompensated heart failure allowed us to significantly reduce the level of immunological enzymes such as N-terminal pro-B-type brain natriuretic peptide and ST2, which indicate the presence and development of decompensated heart failure after myocardial infarction.
Diagnostic Value of Leptin in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease of the Iii Degree in Patients with Excessive Body Weight
Authors: Korzh Nadiia , Ostrovskyy Mykola 
Published: December 2019

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) still remains a serious problem for the public health care system, since it commonly causes disability and mortality among the working population. Frequent combination of COPD with concomitant diseases is a key factor in predicting COPD consequences. Recently, the number of patients with a combination of COPD and overweight is on the increase, which is considered as a mutual aggravating factor and negatively affects the prognosis of the disease in such patients.
The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of leptin in progression of COPD (III degree of bronchial obstruction in patients with overweight) course by studying its level in blood serum.
Materials and methods: There were examined 112 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD GOLD III) in different phases of pathological process. The pulmonary function (PF) test was performed by means of “SPIROKOM” device (Ukraine). The degree of overweight was determined by calculating the body mass index (BMI) using the formula І = m/h² (m – body mass in kilograms, h – height, in square meters (kg/m²). The level of leptin of systemic inflammatory markers was determined by a solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in blood serum: “DRG Leptin Elisa” (Germany).
Results and conclusions: The study revealed that overweight leads to a more severe course of COPD (III degree of bronchial obstruction), and the determination of leptin may serve as a diagnostic criterion in the progression of this pathology.
Improvement of Magnesium and Calcium Deficiency in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Associated with Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease
Authors: Romash Iryna , Mishchuk Vasyl 
Published: December 2019

The objective of the research was to study the effectiveness of course application of magnesium and calcium-containing drugs on the background of conventional therapy on the changes in the content of macronutrients in red blood cells and the activity of matrix metalloproteinase - 9 in the patients with a co-existence of undifferentiated connective tissue disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Materials and Methods. All 75 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease associated with undifferentiated connective tissue disease were divided into three groups: Group I included 25 patients who received Magne-B6 at a dose of 2 tablets 3 times a day in addition to the standard background therapy with “Panocid” at a dose of 40mg once a day; Group II comprised 25 patients who received “Ca-D3 Nycomed” at a dose of 1 tablet 3 times a day in addition to the standard background therapy; Group III included 25 patients who received a combination of “Magne-B6” and “Ca-D3 Nycomed” in addition to the standard background therapy.
Results. In Group I, the proposed complex therapy resulted in a significant increase in Mg2+ by 40.9%. Mg2+ dynamics was less significant in Group II; this index reached the level of 17.9 ± 2.04 µg/g (р"˃0.05); in its turn, Ca2+ level increased to 80.6 ± 2.12 μg/g (p"<0.05) in these patients. Mg2+ and Ca2+ indices showed the most significant positive dynamics in Group III: 21.52 ± 2.47 μg/g (р"<0.05) and 102.7±1.37 µg/g, respectively. After combination treatment, we traced the dynamics of changes in the level of matrix metalloproteinase - 9: it decreased by 39.45% in Group I, by 35.3% in Group II, by 53.18% in Group III and reached the level of 1689.266 ± 14.89 pg/ml, approaching the indicators of the control group.
Сonclusions. Based on the data obtained, it can be argued that simultaneous addition of “Magne-B6” and “Ca-D3 Nikomed” to the standard therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease in the patients with undifferentiated connective tissue disease contributed to a significant decrease in the level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 resulting in reduced degradation and increasing synthesis of new connective tissue components.
Прогнозирование холеретической терапии функциональных расстройств желчного пузыря и сфинктера Одди у детей
Authors: Abaturov A.E. , Babуch V.L. 
Published: December 2019

Актуальность.На современном этапе важное значение приобретает ранняя диагностика функциональных расстройств желчного пузыря и сфинктера Одди (ФР ЖП и СФО) у детей и своевременное назначение эффективной холеретической терапии. Цель работы: определить прогностические факторы риска развития ФР ЖП и СФО у детей и спрогнозировать эффективность холеретической терапии с добавлением препаратов урсодезоксихолевой кислоты (УДХК). Материалы и методы. Обследованы и пролечены 70 детей с ФР ЖП и СФО в возрасте от 4 до 14 лет. С помощью последовательного (секвенционного) анализа Вальда проанализированы 140 клинико-лабораторных, молекулярно-генетических и инструментально-диагностических параметров, для каждого из них рассчитан относительный риск (ОР) и диагностический коэффициент. Результаты.Факторами риска развития ФГ ЖП и СФО установлены: наличие ФР ЖП и СФО у отца и родственников по линии матери (ОР = 1,60 и ОР = 1,60 соответственно), масса тела при рождении менее 3 кг (ОР = 1,95), возникновение первого эпизода клинико-параклинических проявлений в возрасте от 2 до 6 лет (ОР = 1,47), уровни показателей биохимической гепатограмы: холестерина — 43,7–52,0 ммоль/л (ОР = 1,83), аспартатаминотрансферазы — 45,0–59,0 н/л (ОР = 3,21) и аланинаминотрансферазы — 28,3–38,0 н/л (ОР = 3,21). Определена высокая эффективность холеретической терапии с добавлением препаратов УДХК при ФР ЖП и СФО у детей (ОР = 4,13). Существенное значение приобретает использование УДХК в холеретический терапии в анамнезе заболевания (ОР = 3,67). Установлено, что после получения лечения у детей в качестве протекторного фактора определены уровни экспрессии микро-РНК-378f — 3,07–6,14 усл.ед. (ОР = 0,37), микро-РНК-4311 — 2,51–5,01 усл.ед. (ОР = 0,18), микро-РНК-4714-3р — 3,19–6,38 усл.ед. (ОР = 0,31). Разработаны математические модели, которые можно использовать для установления вероятности развития функциональных расстройств желчного пузыря и сфинктера Одди у детей и для определения эффективности их холеретической терапии. Выводы. Высокие показатели эффективности и простота в использовании математических моделей прогноза вероятности развития функциональных расстройств желчного пузыря и сфинктера Одди у детей и прогнозирования эффективности холеретический терапии с добавлением препаратов урсодезоксихолевой кислоты позволяют рекомендовать их в практической деятельности педиатра, семейного врача и детского гастроэнтеролога для своевременного назначения рациональной терапии и проверки ее эффективности.
Опыт применения препарата Фенокит в лечении атопического дерматита у детей раннего возраста
Authors: Besh L.V. , Matsyura O.I. , Slyuzar Z.L. 
Published: December 2019

Актуальность. Ежегодно около 35 % населения Земли обращаются за медицинской помощью с клиническими симптомами аллергии. Первым ее проявлением, как правило, является пищевая аллергия, которая диагностируется уже в раннем детском возрасте и преимущественно проявляется атопическим дерматитом. На страницах специальной литературы активно обсуждаются дискуссионные вопросы терминологии, клинических особенностей и лечения атопического дерматита. В частности, неоднозначно трактуется применение антигистаминных препаратов в лечении данной патологии у детей раннего возраста. Цель работы — представить собственный опыт применения препарата Фенокит. Материалы и методы. Исследуемую группу составили 50 детей с атопическим дерматитом (легкой или средней тяжести) в возрасте от 1 до 18 мес. Критериями исключения были определены сопутствующие соматические и неврологические заболевания, тяжелая форма атопического дерматита. Мониторинг течения заболевания осуществляли на основании оценки степени тяжести заболевания по индексу SCORAD, интенсивности зуда, регистрации врачом частоты нежелательных явлений и побочных эффектов, качества жизни пациентов. Результаты. Наблюдение детей в течение месяца позволило выявить положительную динамику клинических симптомов (снижение индекса SCORAD с 29,2 до 3,5; регресс зуда с 6,4 до 0,3) и существенное улучшение качества жизни пациентов (с 19,1 до 4,2). В процессе нашего исследования выбыли четверо детей, поскольку возникла необходимость добавления в схему их лечения дополнительных препаратов (топических кортикостероидов). У трех пациентов были зафиксированы побочные эффекты (эпизодическая тошнота, раздражительность), не требующие отмены препарата. Выводы. Антигистаминный препарат Фенокит позволяет эффективно контролировать проявления атопического дерматита у детей раннего возраста.