bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acclimation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to extremely strong light
Authors: Virtanen Olli , Khorobrykh Sergey , Tyystjärvi Esa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMost photosynthetic organisms are sensitive to very high light, although acclimation mechanisms enable them to deal with exposure to strong light up to a point. Here we show that cultures of wild-type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain cc124, when exposed to photosynthetic photon flux density 3000 μmol m−2 s−1 for a couple of days, are able to suddenly attain the ability to grow and thrive. We compared the phenotypes of control cells and cells acclimated to this extreme light (EL). The results suggest that genetic or epigenetic variation, developing during maintenance of the population in moderate light, contributes to the acclimation capability. EL acclimation was associated with a high carotenoid-to-chlorophyll ratio and slowed down PSII charge recombination reactions, probably by affecting the pre-exponential Arrhenius factor of the rate constant. In agreement with these findings, EL acclimated cells showed only one tenth of the 1O2 level of control cells. In spite of low 1O2 levels, the rate of the damaging reaction of PSII photoinhibition was similar in EL acclimated and control cells. Furthermore, EL acclimation was associated with slow PSII electron transfer to artificial quinone acceptors. The data show that ability to grow and thrive in extremely strong light is not restricted to photoinhibition-resistant organisms such as Chlorella ohadii or to high-light tolerant mutants, but a wild-type strain of a common model microalga has this ability as well.
Halimium as an ectomycorrhizal symbiont: new records and an appreciation of known fungal diversity
Authors: Leonardi Marco , Furtado Ariadne Nóbrega Marinho , Comandini Ornella , Geml József , Rinaldi Andrea C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHalimium is a genus of Cistaceae, containing a small group of shrub species found in open vegetation types and in degraded forest patches throughout the western and central Mediterranean region. We recently described the morpho-anatomical features of the ectomycorrhizae formed by Scleroderma meridionale on Halimium halimifolium, but the mycorrhizal biology of this host plant genus is still largely unexplored. Here, we report new data on the ectomycorrhizal fungal symbionts of Halimium, based on the collection of sporocarps and ectomycorrhizal root tips in pure stands occurring in Sardinia, Italy. To obtain a broader view of Halimium mycorrhizal and ecological potential, we compiled a comprehensive and up-to-date checklist of fungal species reported to establish ectomycorrhizae on Halimium spp. on the basis of field observations, molecular approaches, and mycorrhiza synthesis. Our list comprises 154 records, corresponding to 102 fungal species and 35 genera, revealing a significant diversity of the Halimium ectomycorrhizal mycobiota. Key ectomycorrhizal genera like Russula, Lactarius/Lactifluus, Amanita, Inocybe, and Cortinarius account for more than half of all mycobionts. A large proportion of Halimium fungal species are shared with other host plants in various ecological settings, suggesting a critical role of common mycorrhizal networks in the function played by this shrub in various Mediterranean ecosystems.
Modeling Static Recrystallization in Al-Mg Alloys
Authors: Buken Heinrich , Kozeschnik Ernst 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the present work, the influence of Mg on recrystallization kinetics in Al is analyzed by computer simulation. A comprehensive state parameter-based microstructure model is developed, which describes recrystallization in terms of nucleation and growth. The mechanism of solute drag is fully incorporated, thus accounting for the decrease of grain boundary mobility in the presence of impurity atoms. On the basis of the present approach, the solute binding energy between Mg atoms and grain boundaries is assessed and compared to experimentally measured values. Furthermore, the influence of Mg on dislocation production during strain hardening is modeled. The simulations of the composition and temperature-dependent recrystallization kinetics are verified on experimental studies where excellent agreement is achieved. Both simulation and experiment show that increasing Mg content first decelerates and, later on, accelerates recrystallization kinetics.
Experimental study of enhanced oil recovery by CO2 huff-n-puff in shales and tight sandstones with fractures
Authors: Zhu Chao-Fan , Guo Wei , Wang You-Ping , Li Ya-Jun , Gong Hou-Jian , Xu Long , Dong Ming-Zhe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe fractures and kerogen, which generally exist in the shale, are significant to the CO2 huff-n-puff in the shale reservoir. It is important to study the effects of fractures and kerogen on oil recovery during CO2 huff-n-puff operations in the fracture–matrix system. In this study, a modified CO2 huff-n-puff experiment method is developed to estimate the recovery factors and the CO2 injectivity in the fractured organic-rich shales and tight sandstones. The effects of rock properties, injection pressure, and injection time on the recovery factors and CO2 usage efficiency in shales and sandstones are discussed, respectively. The results show that although the CO2 injectivity in the shale is higher than that in the sandstone with the same porosity; besides, the recovery factors of two shale samples are much lower than that of two sandstone samples. This demonstrates that compared with the tight sandstone, more cycles are needed for the shale to reach a higher recovery factor. Furthermore, there are optimal injection pressures (close to the minimum miscible pressure) and CO2 injection volumes for CO2 huff-n-puff in the shale. Since the optimal CO2 injection volume in the shale is higher than that in the sandstone, more injection time is needed to enhance the oil recovery in the shale. There is a reference sense for CO2 huff-n-puff in the fractured shale oil reservoir for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) purposes.
Microstructure of laser metal deposited duplex stainless steel: Influence of shielding gas and heat treatment
Authors: Valiente Bermejo Maria Asuncion , Thalavai Pandian Karthikeyan , Axelsson Björn , Harati Ebrahim , Kisielewicz Agnieszka , Karlsson Leif 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis research work is the first step in evaluating the feasibility of producing industrial components by using Laser Metal Deposition with duplex stainless steel Wire (LMDw). The influence of Ar and N2shielding gases was investigated in terms of nitrogen loss and in the microstructure and austenite content of different deposited geometries. The evolution of the microstructure in the build-up direction of the Ar and N2-shielded blocks was compared in the heat-treated and as-deposited conditions. The susceptibility for oxygen pick-up in the LMDw deposits was also analyzed, and oxygen was found to be in the range of conventional gas-shielded weldments. Nitrogen loss occurred when Ar-shielding was used; however, the use of N2-shielding prevented nitrogen loss. Austenite content was nearly doubled by using N2-shielding instead of Ar-shielding. The heat treatment resulted in an increase of the austenite content and of the homogeneity in the microstructure regardless of the shielding gas used. The similarity in microstructure and the low spread in the phase balance for the as-deposited geometries is a sign of having achieved a stable and consistent LMDw process in order to proceed with the build-up of more complex geometries closer to industrial full-size components.
Ultrasound Guided Intrasac Methotrexate Instillation for Live Cesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Singh Chanchal , Ahuja Meenakshi , Sharma Preety 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA 38-year-old G5P2 with previous 2LSCS, 2D&Cs and hysteroscopic myomectomy presented with a live Cesarean scar ectopic of 7 weeks gestation. Transabdominal ultrasound-guided intrasac potassium chloride and methotrexate instillation was performed under local anesthesia leading to a successful resolution of the ectopic pregnancy.
Performance of Land Surface Schemes in the WRF Model for Climate Simulations over the MENA-CORDEX Domain
Authors: Constantinidou Katiana , Hadjinicolaou Panos , Zittis George , Lelieveld Jos 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLand–atmosphere interactions need to be optimally represented in climate models for the realistic representation of past and future climate. In this work, six different versions of land surface schemes (LSS) are used to simulate the climate over the Middle East–North Africa (MENA) region for the period 2000–2010 with a horizontal resolution of 0.44°, using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The monthly time series output is evaluated against observations for several surface climate variables using statistical metrics (climatology, 5th and 95th percentiles, standard deviation, linear trend) and Taylor diagrams. The resulting biases are presented for the whole MENA domain as well as 7 sub-domains. A ranking procedure objectively retrieves a performance spectrum among the schemes. The LSS that is closest to observations and is, therefore, considered as the best performing is Noah, followed by its augmented version (NoahMP). For these simulations at the relatively coarse horizontal resolution of 50 km, the more elaborate LSSs are not performing very well. These results are useful for the choice of LSS in climate change modelling of the MENA-CORDEX as a whole, as well as its sub-regions.
Dyspareunia in Their Own Words: A Qualitative Description of Endometriosis-Associated Sexual Pain
Authors: Wahl Kate J. , Imtiaz Shermeen , Lisonek Michelle , Joseph K.S. , Smith Kelly B. , Yong Paul J. , Cox Susan M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Dyspareunia has been called the neglected symptom of endometriosis and is underexplored in clinical and research contexts. Understanding the physical experience and patient-important aspects of endometriosis-associated sexual pain can help advance valid measurement of this symptom.

Aims
The goal of this research was to characterize the physical experience of endometriosis-associated dyspareunia in the words of people affected by this condition.

Methods
This was a qualitative descriptive study that included participants with current or previous endometriosis-associated dyspareunia recruited from a data registry. Data collection involved semistructured interviews that began with an open-ended question about dyspareunia followed by prompts related to the nature of sexual pain.

Main Outcome Measures
Interviews transcripts were subjected to qualitative content analysis using a priori (pain site, onset, character, radiation, associations, time course, and exacerbating/relieving factors) and emergent themes.

Results
A total of 17 participants completed interviews. Mean participant age was 33.3 years and most were identified as white, college-educated, heterosexual, and partnered. Location, onset, and character were important; interrelated features of endometriosis-associated dyspareunia were: (i) introital pain began with initial penetration and had pulling, burning, and stinging qualities and (ii) pelvic pain was experienced with deep penetration or in certain positions and was described as sharp, stabbing, and cramping. Dyspareunia ranged from mild to severe, had a marked psychosocial impact for some participants, and was managed using a variety of treatments and strategies.

Conclusion
The endometriosis-associated dyspareunia experienced by participants was heterogenous in presentation, severity, and impact. Our findings have implications for the development of valid patient-reported outcome measures of this symptom.
Frequency Selection to Avoid Medium Effects on RCS of Conducting Objects With Plane E Wave Polarization
Authors: El‐Ocla Hosam 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe aim to select the range of frequencies where the medium parameters have less effects on the scattered waves, and as a result we achieve high precision of computed radar cross section (RCS). Ideal object detection can be obtained through calculation of RCS assuming a plane wave incidence in the far field. Numerical results are conducted to investigate effects of medium characteristics and target configuration on its RCS. We postulate convex illumination region of partially convex contour. Targets are taking fairly large sizes in the range of five wavelengths to suit the practical dimensions of objects such as aircraft. In this work, waves propagation from targets in free space and random medium are considered while assuming E polarization of incident wave.
Breaking Location of Internal Solitary Waves Over a Sloping Seabed
Authors: Cavaliere Davide , la Forgia Giovanni , Adduce Claudia , Alpers Werner , Martorelli Eleonora , Falcini Federico 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present a semi‐analytical model for predicting the breaking location of internal solitary waves (ISWs) over a sloping seabed. Our conceptual model is based on laboratory experiments, performed in a wave tank, that reproduce the ISW breaking mechanisms and show how the steepening of the trailing edge leads to verticalization of the wave profile during the shoaling phase. We derive the location of ISWs breaking, that is, the wave verticalization point, through two‐layer, interfacial theoretical models and conservation of wave mass. We apply our model to the case of tidally forced ISWs that are generated in the Strait of Messina (Central Mediterranean Sea), where northward traveling ISWs are expected to refract and break over the frontal slope of Capo Vaticano. Our application is then assessed through numerical investigations, which allow to consider realistic field conditions in terms of water column stratification and geometrical setting. Our results, and the expected ISW‐induced bed shear stress, suggest a link between the predicted breaking locations and the occurrence of sediment resuspension over that specific portion of the slope.
Space Diversity Mitigation Effects on Ionospheric Amplitude Scintillation With Basis on the Analysis of C/NOFS Planar Langmuir Probe Data
Authors: Costa Emanoel , Roddy Patrick A. , Ballenthin John O. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe present contribution applies a modified version of a well‐known weak‐scatter scintillation model to the propagation paths between an Earth station and two geostationary satellites, as they are affected by drifting ionospheric irregularities detected by the planar Langmuir probe onboard the Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite. This study considers one year of data from a limited altitude range, two longitude sectors and frequencies to analyze the mitigation effects from the angular distance between the geostationary satellites on the space diversity gain, considering the statistical distributions of the amplitude scintillation index S4. The results indicate that the space diversity gain increases with the angular distance between geostationary satellites. However, once the angular distance between the geostationary satellites reaches a certain limit (approximately 20°), the space diversity gain no longer increases. Additionally, these gains are high at the L1 frequency and less impressive at an Ultra High Frequency (UHF). It is shown that these observations are consistent with the South American and Indian‐Asian equatorial and low‐latitude ionospheric environments, also characterized through the same data and the scintillation formulation.
Power fluctuation and allocation of hybrid energy storage system based on optimal exponential smoothing method and energy entropy
Authors: Xidong Zheng , Xiubo Jiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn order to solve the problems of power quality reduction and power fluctuation caused by large‐scale wind power grid‐connected, an advanced control strategy to smooth the power fluctuation and allocation of hybrid energy storage system is proposed. Based on theoretical researches, the mathematical model of hybrid energy storage system is adopted to well analyse the fluctuation and smoothing strategy of wind power. Compared with the traditional filtering algorithms, the study proposes a method combined optimal exponential smoothing with complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise and normalized energy entropy to improve the accuracy of grid‐connected output power and power allocation. Furthermore, the fuzzy control theory is used to improve the reliability of the algorithm after obtaining the smoothed power output and initial power allocation instructions. To prove the validity of the algorithm, case studies are constructed to demonstrate the performance in this paper. Experiments and example simulations show that the proposed method can effectively realize adaptive power allocation and improve the accuracy of identification. After effectively improving the efficiency and service life of the energy storage system, it provides a basis for large‐scale grid operation.
A new method of decision tree based transient stability assessment using hybrid simulation for real‐time PMU measurements
Authors: Behdadnia Tohid , Yaslan Yusuf , Genc Istemihan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn recent years, machine learning (ML) techniques have gained popularity in facilitating real‐time transient stability assessment and prediction for early detection of blackouts in power systems. Conventionally, synchrophasor measurements, as the real‐time indicators of system dynamics, are fed into the ML‐based models. However, if the quality of the synchrophasors used in the process of developing and application of the ML models is not validated, these models could suffer from unreliability issues due to the unrealistic quantities obtained through simulations and due to the interference of erroneous measurements encountered during their application. In this paper, after investigating the properties of different simulation methods, a new hybrid‐type simulator that generates a realistic dataset in a feasible time is proposed. Using this simulator, the distortion of the time‐series data due to the dynamics of practical phasor measurement units (PMUs) following a disturbance is analysed and the intervals in which the PMU measurements are significantly erroneous are determined. Moreover, a new method of time‐series data arrangement for the dataset to be used in ML models is proposed. With this method, the erroneous parts of the time‐series measurements are effectively removed, while the remaining relevant information is retained to enhance the transient stability prediction accuracy.
Face alignment based on fusion subspace and 3D fitting
Authors: Zhang Jiahui , Di Lan , Liang Jiuzhen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe traditional face alignment approaches based on cascade regression have achieved satisfactory result on the frontal face, but for the face with large changes in posture and expression, a single initial shape will lead to the result falling into local optimum. In order to solve this problem, a two‐stage cascade regression model for face alignment is proposed, which generates coarse initial shape from the aligned salient shape. The first stage is used to align the salient shape that contains some prominent landmarks. To enhance the robustness of authors' method, the fusion subspace is used to divide the samples, and each subset trains cascade regression model separately. The alignment results of the first stage are used to generate the coarse initial shapes for the second stage through 3D fitting. The second stage is still based on cascade regression, which is used to further predict the full shape. The experimental results demonstrate the proposed method can achieve state‐of‐art performance, especially in unconstrained conditions with various poses.
Features' value range approach to enhance the throughput of texture classification
Authors: Akoushideh Alireza , Maybodi Babak Mazloom‐Nezhad , Shahbahrami Asadollah 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe definition of an image's category from a database with huge texture categories needs massive computation and time cost. Existing texture classification works focus on texture representation to improve the accuracy and efficiency of classification. This research wants to reduce the categories of the main classifier to decrease the comparison time of classification. To overcome computation time, a features' value range (FR) approach to enhance the throughput of texture classification is proposed. The proposed approach decreases the number of candidate categories as a pre‐classifier in a two‐step serial classification. With the decrease in the number of candidates, the main classifier can work on a few categories to find the final category. Here, configuration parameters are defined and some criteria are proposed for evaluating the FR approach. The performance of the FR is evaluated in the presence of different levels of Gaussian noise. Finally, it is shown that using effective features (EF) and hardware implementation approaches can extend the applicability of the FR approach. Experimental results depicted that the throughput of the final decision increased up to 14.85× with considerable reliability.
A remote‐sensing image enhancement algorithm based on patch‐wise dark channel prior and histogram equalisation with colour correction
Authors: Dharejo Fayaz Ali , Zhou Yuanchun , Deeba Farah , Jatoi Munsif Ali , Du Yi , Wang Xuezhi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe object identification within an image captured during rough weather conditions (such as haze, fog) poses difficulty due to the reduction of an image. The rough weather conditions lead not only to the variation of the image's visual effect but also to the disadvantage of post‐processing of an image. Furthermore, it causes inconvenience of all types of instruments that rely on optical imaging, such as satellite remote‐sensing systems, aerial photo systems, outdoor monitoring systems, and object identification systems, respectively. Hence, the improvement and restorement of the visual effects and enhanced post‐processing are needed. This research introduces a new image enhancement approach for image dehazing based on dark channel prior and piecewise linear transformation; also, the histogram equalisation technique, i.e. contrast limited adaptive histogram equalisation is applied. A dark channel prior is well known for its simplicity and productivity. In this work, the dark channel prior to a new angle is analysed in the first step, where average patch sizes are estimated for the computation of haze densities. Furthermore, the sky is approximated up to 5–10% of the hazy images, which has a good effect in removing the haze from the image. Using the dark channel, the proposed algorithm significantly boosted the effects of the dark images as well as reduced the influence of haze and noise. Eventually, for colour correction, the piecewise linear transformation technique is applied, which enhances the colour close to the original image. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves the visibility of the algorithm on dark remote‐sensing images as well as on hazy natural images.