bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When does agriculture enter into conflict with wildlife? A global assessment of parrot–agriculture conflicts and their conservation effects
Authors: Barbosa Jomar M. , Hiraldo Fernando , Romero Miguel Á. , Tella José L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimNo human activity has changed natural habitat availability and ecosystem functioning more than agriculture. As a consequence, species may be forced to use croplands as foraging habitat, resulting in potential conflicts with farmers. To assess the causes and consequences of wildlife–agriculture interactions, we investigated the underlying associations among species traits, climate and landscapes factors that determine parrot species to use croplands, and related them to their conservation status.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe used parrots as a model due to their global distribution, high behavioural plasticity, high proportion of species using croplands (43%) and threatened species (26%). Within the distribution range of the 398 extant parrot species, we calculated annual averages and seasonality of ecosystem productivity, climate conditions and land‐use patterns from satellite data. We then categorized species conservation status using information provided by IUCN.ResultsWe found that habitat degradation, where biodiversity is low and primary productivity is low and intermittent, together with the plasticity of species to use different habitats, is key interrelated conditions that increase the likelihood of species to use croplands worldwide. The persecution of parrots as crop pests varied among regions, being higher for large‐bodied species, those with small distributions, and in highly human‐impacted areas. Moreover, persecution is contributing to the global population decline and extinction risk of parrots, especially in those species with small distribution ranges.Main conclusionsParrot–agriculture conflicts may affect both the conservation of parrot species and their key ecological functions. Our results highlight the importance of using multi‐specific and multi‐source information to understand and predict where and why human–wildlife conflicts may arise, as their main drivers interact and are heterogeneous at large spatial scales. Further studies should evaluate the actual extent and economic impact of crop losses caused by wild species to help solve agriculture–wildlife conflicts.
Postcardiotomy effusive–constrictive pericarditis in a 65‐year‐old man: Noteworthy echocardiographic signs
Authors: Scoglio Martin , Vivekanantham Hari , Arroyo Diego 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEffusive–constrictive pericarditis (eCP) is a rare entity where constriction of the heart occurs through the visceral pericardium, with concomitant presence of a tense effusion in the pericardial space. We present the case of a 65‐year‐old patient with shortness of breath and pericardial effusion, 4 months after aortic and mitral valve replacement for Streptococcus agalactiae endocarditis. The present report focuses on the echocardiographic features of constrictive pericarditis (CP) and provides a brief overview of the pathophysiology, work‐up, and management guidelines.
Untreated dental trauma among homeless people in Midwest Brazil
Authors: Freire Maria do Carmo Matias , Lawder Juliana Aparecida de Campos , Souza João Batista de , Matos Marcos André de 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHomeless people are usually more exposed to traumatic events that may cause dental injuries than those with more stable housing. Previous studies on the oral health condition of this population group have shown high levels of dental caries, periodontal diseases, and tooth loss, but evidence on dental trauma is scarce. Furthermore, there is no report from Latin American countries. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of untreated traumatic dental injuries (TDI) among adult homeless people in a Brazilian capital city. A sample of 102 adults attending a public homeless shelter was clinically examined using the criteria of the 2010 Brazilian National Oral Health Survey. TDI was found in 10.8% of the participants, and the most common types of injury were enamel‐dentin fractures and avulsion. The overall prevalence was relatively low, but the proportion of anterior tooth loss due to trauma and other reasons shows the need for more appropriate health care for this vulnerable population group.
Treatment Outcomes in Patients Treated With Galcanezumab vs Placebo: Post Hoc Analyses From a Phase 3 Randomized Study in Patients With Episodic Cluster Headache
Authors: Kudrow David , Andrews J. Scott , Rettiganti Mallikarjuna , Oakes Tina , Bardos Jennifer , Gaul Charly , Riesenberg Robert , Wenzel Richard , Kuruppu Dulanji , Martinez James 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundCluster headache (CH) is a highly disabling primary headache disorder. To date, characterization of outcomes in the preventive treatment of episodic CH, including precise definitions of clinically meaningful attack frequency reduction and impact on acute treatment management, is lacking.MethodsThis was a Phase 3, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study in patients (men or women aged 18‐65 years) diagnosed with episodic CH as defined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders‐3 beta criteria. In this post hoc analysis, we evaluated the median time‐to‐first occurrence of ≥50, ≥75, or 100% reduction from baseline in CH attack frequency, and impact on acute medication use. An anchor‐based assessment of clinically relevant attack frequency reduction using the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI‐I) scores at Week 4 was also assessed.ResultsThe median time‐to‐first occurrence of ≥50, ≥75, or 100% reduction from baseline in CH attacks was consistently shorter (9‐10 days sooner) with galcanezumab vs placebo (median [95% confidence interval, 95% CI]: ≥50%, 5 days [4.0 to 7.0] vs 14 days [6.0 to 19.0]; ≥75%, 11 days [7.0 to 16.0] vs 21 days [13.0 to 26.0]; 100%, 22 days [16.0 to 37.0] vs 32 days [23.0 to 34.0]). Mean reduction from baseline in the overall frequency of weekly pooled acute medication use across Weeks 1‐3 was significantly greater with galcanezumab vs placebo (11.0 vs 5.5; odds ratio, OR [95% CI]: 5.52 [1.02, 10.01];Pvalue = .017). Patients reporting “much better” on the PGI‐I experienced a median weekly CH attack reduction of approximately 43% from baseline across Weeks 1‐3. The overall odds of achieving an attack reduction threshold of 43% across Weeks 1‐3 was significantly higher with galcanezumab vs placebo (Weeks 1‐3: OR [95% CI], 2.60 [1.3 to 5.3]).ConclusionsFaster median time‐to‐first occurrence of response rates, lower frequency of pooled acute medications use, and a greater proportion of patients achieving a response anchored by patient‐reported improvement were observed for galcanezumab vs placebo.
Closing gigantic left atrial appendage using a LAmbre Closure System: First implant experience in North America
Authors: Inohara Taku , Tsang Michael Y. , Lee Christopher , Saw Jacqueline 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionDespite maturing experience and growing procedural familiarity, there remain challenges in percutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) closure due to anatomical complexities.MethodsWe report a complex and extremely large LAA that was successfully closed percutaneously using a LAmbre Closure System (Lifetech Scientific Corp.). Cardiac computed tomography angiography demonstrated a gigantic multilobed LAA measuring 48 × 45.3 mm at the level of the ostium that cannot be occluded by the currently approved LAA closure devices in Canada.ResultsThe manufacturer custom‐made a LAmbre 30/50 mm (lobe/disc) device to fit this patient's LAA according to his CTA, which was successfully deployed under fluoroscopy and transesophageal echocardiogram guidance without procedure‐related complications.ConclusionThe LAmbre device may be considered to close very large LAAs.
Low let‐7d exosomes from pulmonary vascular endothelial cells drive lung pericyte fibrosis through the TGFβRI/FoxM1/Smad/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Xie Han , Gao Yuan‐Mei , Zhang Yong‐Chang , Jia Ming‐Wang , Peng Fang , Meng Qing‐He , Wang Yi‐Chun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) was mediated by the progressive deposition of excessive extracellular matrix, but little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of fibrogenesis by lung pericytes. The mouse PF model was established by treatment with bleomycin, followed by isolation of exosomes from mouse broncho‐alveolar lavage fluids by the centrifuge method. Relative mRNA/microRNA levels and protein expression were assessed by qRT‐PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The binding of let‐7d with gene promoter was validated by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Protein interactions were verified via GST pull‐down and co‐immunoprecipitation. Nuclear retention of Smad3 was analysed by extraction of cytoplasmic and nuclear fraction of pericytes followed by Western blotting. Association of FoxM1 with gene promoter was detected by EMSA and ChIP‐PCR methods. FoxM1 expression is significantly elevated in human lung fibroblasts of PF patients and mouse PF model. The expression of let‐7d is repressed in exosomes derived from broncho‐alveolar lavage fluids of PF mice. Let‐7d or FoxM1 knockdown suppressed the expression of FoxM1, Smad3, β‐catenin, Col1A and α‐SMA expression in mouse lung pericytes under TGF‐β1 treatment. FoxM1 overexpression elevated above gene expression in mouse lung pericytes under TGF‐β1 treatment. Let‐7d directly targets TGFβRI to regulate FoxM1 and downstream gene expression in mouse lung pericytes. FoxM1 directly interacts with Smad3 proteins to promote Smad3 nuclear retention and binds with β‐catenin promoter sequence to promote fibrogenesis. Exosomes with low let‐7d from pulmonary vascular endothelial cells drive lung pericyte fibrosis through activating the TGFβRI/FoxM1/Smad/β‐catenin signalling pathway.
Field validation of senesced banana leaf extracts for trapping banana weevils on smallholder banana/plantain farms
Authors: Abagale Samson A. , Braimah Haruna , Osafo‐Acquaah Samuel , Powers Stephen J. , van Emden Helmut , Birkett Michael A. , Pickett John A. , Sanda Umar I. , Vuts József 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPalm wine alcohol extract of senesced banana leaf material, Musa spp., was tested for its efficacy in open field trapping of the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus in Ghana from June to August 2015. Modified pitfall and bottle traps were baited with either individual treatments, that is palm alcohol extract, C. sordidus aggregation pheromone or pseudostem or with combinations of extract plus aggregation pheromone or extract plus pseudostem. The combination of extract plus aggregation pheromone was able to lure more weevils into traps compared with the respective individual lures. There was a 2.1‐fold increase in mean catch per week when the palm alcohol extract was used in combination with pheromone compared with using pheromone alone, and a corresponding 2.6‐fold increase when the extract was used with pseudostem in traps. There was no statistically significant interaction between the palm alcohol extract (presence or absence) and treatment (pheromone or pseudostem), but the best combination for maximal catches of adult banana weevils was a combination of palm alcohol extract with aggregation pheromone. Management of banana weevils with attractive banana leaf extract has important practical applications in parts of the world where other management options are too expensive or commercial treatments are in short supply, but where leaf material is cheap and readily available for local use by smallholder farmers.
Capital and Mining Property Relations: Reconsidering Marxist Understanding of Feudal Mining Land
Authors: Graulau Jeannette 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMarxism holds that feudal mining land was characterized by production relations that gave lords the upper hand. Lacking productive capital, mining land was generally a site of coercive feudal‐property relations. The idea is indefensible, as evidence shows that mining lands triggered property arrangements antagonizing lordly power. This article discusses the labor and capital relations that transformed feudal land into mining land. It argues that this transformation challenged the supremacy of feudal lords by triggering property relations relatively unconstrained by feudal lordly power. The article concludes that mining lands were sites of antagonistic relations, were capital confronted feudal landed property, aiming at isolating lords from the gains of mines.
Genome‐wide search for genes affecting the age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Syreeni A. , Sandholm N. , Sidore C. , Cucca F. , Haukka J. , Harjutsalo V. , Groop P.‐H. ,   the FinnDiane Study Group
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundType 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease affecting individuals in the early years of life. Although previous studies have identified genetic loci influencing T1D diagnosis age, these studies did not investigate the genome with high resolution.Objective and methodsWe performed a genome‐wide meta‐analysis for age at diagnosis with cohorts from Finland (Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study), the United Kingdom (UK Genetic Resource Investigating Diabetes) and Sardinia. Through SNP associations, transcriptome‐wide association analysis linked T1D diagnosis age and gene expression.ResultsWe identified two chromosomal regions associated with T1D diagnosis age: multiple independent variants in the HLA region on chromosome 6 and a locus on chromosome 17q12. We performed gene‐level association tests with transcriptome prediction models from two whole blood datasets, lymphocyte cell line, spleen, pancreas and small intestine tissues. Of the non‐HLA genes, lower PNMT expression in whole blood, and higher IKZF3 and ZPBP2, and lower ORMDL3 and GSDMB transcription levels in multiple tissues were associated with lower T1D diagnosis age (FDR = 0.05). These genes lie on chr17q12 which is associated with T1D, other autoimmune diseases, and childhood asthma. Additionally, higher expression of PHF20L1, a gene not previously implicated in T1D, was associated with lower diagnosis age in lymphocytes, pancreas, and spleen. Altogether, the non‐HLA associations were enriched in open chromatin in various blood cells, blood vessel tissues and foetal thymus tissue.ConclusionMultiple genes on chr17q12 and PHF20L1 on chr8 were associated with T1D diagnosis age and only further studies may elucidate the role of these genes for immunity and T1D onset.
Laboratory Trends for Removable Prosthodontics: A Comparison of Two Surveys
Authors: Yarborough Alexandra B. , Clark Wendy Auclair , Givan Daniel A. , De Kok Ingeborg J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurpose The purpose of this survey was to assess dental laboratory technicians’ perceptions of the quality of communication and techniques used when receiving removable prosthodontic cases. Additionally, responses were compared to a 2009 survey and changes in trends were evaluated.Materials and Methods An eleven‐question anonymous response survey was developed based on a 2009 survey that assessed dental laboratory technicians’ perceptions. The survey was distributed via Qualtrics to members of the National Association of Dental Laboratories (NADL) The survey included questions related to detail of instruction, quality of work received, design of the prosthesis, and type of articulator used. Responses were compared to those received in 2009.Results Fifty‐two survey responses were received from dental laboratory technicians. Of these, 12 did not provide removable prosthodontics services and were excluded. The remaining 40 responses were analyzed. Of these, only 3.7% of the responding laboratory technicians reported receiving work authorizations from dentists that were complete enough to do their best work. While roughly half of the respondents (48.49%) expected a dentist to send a design for a cast partial denture framework, most respondents (72.5%) answered that they designed the majority of the partial denture frameworks they fabricated. The majority of respondents reported that complete denture impressions were not border molded in custom trays, and that most dentists did not rearrange or modify a wax setup for complete or partial dentures. These findings were consistent with the trends reported in the 2009 survey.Conclusions Most dental laboratory technicians answered that based on their selected techniques, dentists tend to complete clinical procedures that minimize patient chair time. While the surveyed technicians appeared satisfied with the quality of work they received, there was a consistent message that communication was frequently inadequate, limiting the technicians ability to fabricate their best work.
Differences in Loneliness Across the Rural‐Urban Continuum Among Adults Living in Washington State
Authors: Abshire Demetrius A. , Graves Janessa M. , Amiri Solmaz , Williams‐Gilbert Wendy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeRural residents may be at higher risk for loneliness than urban residents due to factors such as social isolation, poorer health, and socioeconomic disadvantage. To date, there have been few studies examining rural‐urban differences in loneliness among adults in the United States. We examined differences in loneliness across the rural‐urban continuum among adult residents living in Washington State.MethodsStratified random sampling was used to select 2,575 adults from small rural, large rural, suburban, and urban areas who were invited to complete a survey on factors affecting health. Data were obtained from 616 adults (278 from small rural, 100 from large rural, 98 from suburban, and 140 from urban areas) from June 2018 through October 2019. Loneliness was measured using the UCLA Loneliness Scale (3rd version). Multivariable linear and logistic regressions were used to examine geographic differences in loneliness (measured continuously and dichotomously).FindingsMean unadjusted loneliness scores were lower in suburban compared to urban areas (35.06 vs 38.57, P = .03). The prevalence of loneliness was 50.7%, 59.0%, 40.8%, and 54.3% in small rural, large rural, suburban, and urban areas, respectively. Suburban living was associated with lower odds for being lonely compared to urban living (unadjusted OR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.34‐0.98), but this association was not statistically significant in the adjusted model (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.33‐1.19).ConclusionLoneliness is a prevalent health issue across the rural‐urban continuum among Washington State adults.
Comparison of two protocols for early treatment of dentoskeletal Class III malocclusion: Modified SEC III versus RME/FM
Authors: Fabozzi Filomena Federica , Nucci Ludovica , Correra Antonia , d'Apuzzo Fabrizia , Franchi Lorenzo , Perillo Letizia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the short‐term cephalometric outcomes of the protocols modified splints, Class III elastics, chincup (SEC III) and rapid maxillary expansion and facial mask (RME/FM) for the early treatment of growing subjects with Class III dentoskeletal malocclusion.Settings and sample populationThis retrospective observational study included 20 patients (11 males, nine females) treated with the modified SEC III protocol and 31 patients (16 males, 15 females) treated with the RME/FM one. The sample was evaluated before (T1, mean age 7.9 ± 1.0 years) and at the end of treatment (T2, mean age 9.0 ± 1.0 years). Statistical comparisons between the two groups were performed with independent sample t tests.ResultsBoth the modified SEC III and the RME/FM sample groups showed significantly favourable effects in terms of maxillary advancement (SNA +1.3° and +1.5°, respectively), control of mandibular projection (SNB −0.5° and −0.8°, respectively), and intermaxillary relationships (ANB +1.8° and +2.3°, respectively; Wits +3.4 and +1.9 mm, respectively). The modified SEC III group showed a statistically significant greater control in the intermaxillary divergency considering the SN to Pal. Pl. (P < 0.006) and Pal. Pl. to Mand. Pl. angle (P < 0.002) with a difference of 2.3 mm between the two groups.LimitationsThe main limitations of this study are its retrospective nature and the short‐term outcomes.ConclusionEarly treatment of growing patients with dentoskeletal Class III disharmonies is efficient using either modified SEC III or RME/FM protocols. However, a higher vertical control is achieved with the modified SEC III.
Effectiveness of a 3D mapping benchmark for ablation in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia
Authors: Yamamoto Masanori , Tachibana Motomi , Banba Kimikazu , Hasui Yusuke , Matsumoto Kensuke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAvoiding excessively fast junctional rhythm (JR) during slow pathway (SP) modification for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) helps prevent serious atrioventricular block. This study investigated the usefulness of a predictive ablation point that lies near the boundary line between appropriate and excessively fast JRs with three‐dimensional (3D) electroanatomical mapping in AVNRT patients.MethodsParticipants were 141 consecutive patients with common AVNRT who received anatomical ablation to an antegrade SP at our institution between August 2013 and December 2019. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A, treated using a location marker that predicts successful ablation sites in a 3D mapping system, and Group B, treated prior to the development of this marker and therefore without it.ResultsThe average age was 61.9 ± 16.9 years, and 41.1% of patients were male. Excessively fast JRs appeared less frequently in Group A than in Group B, though this difference did not reach significance. The distance from the His bundle to the successful ablation point was significantly longer in Group A than in Group B (13.4 ± 4.5 vs 10.8 ± 4.4 mm, P < .01). The number of ablations near the successful ablation point was significantly lower in Group A (6.5 ± 5.2 vs 11.4 ± 9.9, P < .01), and a greater number of accelerated JRs at the successful ablation point were observed in Group A (46.9 ± 29.2 vs 32.8 ± 19.2, P < .01).ConclusionUsing our benchmark for a predictive successful ablation point in 3D mapping simplifies and improves common AVNRT ablation procedures.
Hospital outcomes for pediatric heart transplant recipients undergoing tracheostomy: A multi‐institutional analysis
Authors: Spinner Joseph A. , Denfield Susan W. , Puri Kriti , Morris Shaine A. , Costello John M. , Moffett Brady S. , Wang Yunfei , Shekerdemian Lara S. , Tunuguntla Hari P. , Price Jack F. , Heinle Jeffrey S. , Adachi Iki , Dreyer William J. , Cabrera Antonio G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTracheostomy is associated with increased mortality and resource utilization in children with CHD. However, the prevalence and hospital outcomes of tracheostomy in children with HTx are not known. We describe the prevalence and compare the post‐HTx hospital outcomes of pediatric patients with Pre‐TT and Post‐TT to those without tracheostomy. A multi‐institutional retrospective cohort study was performed using the Pediatric Health Information System database. Hospital mortality, mediastinitis, LOS, and costs were compared among patients with Pre‐TT, Post‐TT, and no tracheostomy. Pre‐TT was identified in 29 (1.1%) and Post‐TT was identified in 41 (1.6%) of 2603 index HTx hospitalizations. Patients with Pre‐TT were younger and more likely to have CHD, a non‐cardiac birth defect, or an airway anomaly compared to those without Pre‐TT. Pre‐TT was not independently associated with increased post‐HTx in‐hospital mortality. Age at HTx < 1 year, CHD, and Post‐TT were associated with increased in‐hospital mortality. Pre‐TT that occurred during the HTx hospitalization and Post‐TT were associated with increased resource utilization. Tracheostomy was not associated with mediastinitis.