bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary substitution of SFA with MUFA within high-fat diets attenuates hyperinsulinaemia and pancreatic islet dysfunction
Authors: Ralston Jessica C. , Nguyen-Tu Marie-Sophie , Lyons Claire L. , Cooke Aoife A. , Murphy Aoife M. , Falvey Aidan , Finucane Orla M. , McGillicuddy Fiona C. , Rutter Guy A. , Roche Helen M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPreliminary evidence has suggested that high-fat diets (HFD) enriched with SFA, but not MUFA, promote hyperinsulinaemia and pancreatic hypertrophy with insulin resistance. The objective of this study was to determine whether the substitution of dietary MUFA within a HFD could attenuate the progression of pancreatic islet dysfunction seen with prolonged SFA-HFD. For 32 weeks, C57BL/6J mice were fed either: (1) low-fat diet, (2) SFA-HFD or (3) SFA-HFD for 16 weeks, then switched to MUFA-HFD for 16 weeks (SFA-to-MUFA-HFD). Fasting insulin was assessed throughout the study; islets were isolated following the intervention. Substituting SFA with MUFA-HFD prevented the progression of hyperinsulinaemia observed in SFA-HFD mice (P< 0·001). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from isolated islets was reduced by SFA-HFD, yet not fully affected by SFA-to-MUFA-HFD. Markers ofβ-cell identity (Ins2,Nkx6.1,Ngn3,Rfx6,Pdx1andPax6) were reduced, and islet inflammation was increased (IL-1β, 3·0-fold,P= 0·007; CD68, 2·9-fold,P= 0·001;Il-6, 1·1-fold,P= 0·437) in SFA-HFD – effects not seen with SFA-to-MUFA-HFD. Switching to MUFA-HFD can partly attenuate the progression of SFA-HFD-induced hyperinsulinaemia, pancreatic inflammation and impairments inβ-cell function. While further work is required from a mechanistic perspective, dietary fat may mediate its effect in an IL-1β–AMP-activated protein kinaseα1-dependent fashion. Future work should assess the potential translation of the modulation of metabolic inflammation in man.
Generation of relative commutator subgroups in Chevalley groups. II
Authors: Vavilov Nikolai , Zhang Zuhong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the present paper, which is a direct sequel of our paper [14] joint with Roozbeh Hazrat, we prove an unrelativized version of the standard commutator formula in the setting of Chevalley groups. Namely, let Φ be a reduced irreducible root system of rank ≥ 2, let R be a commutative ring and let I,J be two ideals of R. We consider subgroups of the Chevalley group G(Φ, R) of type Φ over R. The unrelativized elementary subgroup E(Φ, I) of level I is generated (as a group) by the elementary unipotents xα(ξ), α ∈ Φ, ξ ∈ I, of level I. Obviously, in general, E(Φ, I) has no chance to be normal in E(Φ, R); its normal closure in the absolute elementary subgroup E(Φ, R) is denoted by E(Φ, R, I). The main results of [14] implied that the commutator [E(Φ, I), E(Φ, J)] is in fact normal in E(Φ, R). In the present paper we prove an unexpected result, that in fact [E(Φ, I), E(Φ, J)] = [E(Φ, R, I), E(Φ, R, J)]. It follows that the standard commutator formula also holds in the unrelativized form, namely [E(Φ, I), C(Φ, R, J)] = [E(Φ, I), E(Φ, J)], where C(Φ, R, I) is the full congruence subgroup of level I. In particular, E(Φ, I) is normal in C(Φ, R, I).
Genome-wide association study for buffalo mammary gland morphology
Authors: Li Jun , Liu Jiajia , Liu Shenhe , Campanile Giuseppe , Salzano Angela , Gasparrini Bianca , Plastow Graham , Zhang Chunyan , Wang Zhiquan , Liang Aixin , Yang Liguo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis research communication describes a genome-wide association study for Italian buffalo mammary gland morphology. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (AX-85117983, AX-8509475 and AX-85117518) were identified to be significantly associated with buffalo anterior teat length, posterior teat length and distance between anterior and posterior teat, respectively. Two significant signals for buffalo mammary gland morphology were observed in two genomic regions on the chromosome 10, and chromosome 20. One of the regions located on the chromosome 10 has the most likely candidate genes ACTC1 and GJD2, both of which have putative roles in the regulation of mammary gland development. This study provides new insights into the genetic variants of buffalo mammary gland morphology and may be beneficial for understanding of the genetic regulation of mammary growth.
The use of modified Silastic nasal splints as frontal sinus stents: a technical note
Authors: Shahidi S , Jama G M , Ahmed S K 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic frontal sinus surgery is frequently complicated by post-operative stenosis and obstruction of the frontal sinus outflow tract, resulting in recurrent disease. Frontal sinus stents may help prevent re-occlusion of the frontal neo-ostia.ObjectiveThis paper presents a simple and cost-effective approach to frontal sinus stenting using modified Silastic nasal splints.Results and conclusionThe current technique provides an effective, reliable and inexpensive method for achieving post-operative frontal sinus outflow tract patency.
Intelligent model-based optimization of cutting parameters for high quality turning of hardened AISI D2
Authors: Pourmostaghimi Vahid , Zadshakoyan Mohammad , Badamchizadeh Mohammad Ali 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes an intelligent model-based optimization methodology for optimizing the production cost and material removal rate subjected to surface quality constraint in turning operation of hardened AISI D2. Unlike traditional approaches, this paper deals with finding optimum cutting parameters considering the real condition of the cutting tool. Tool flank wear is predicted by the model obtained using genetic programming. On the basis of the predicted flank wear value, the surface roughness of work piece is estimated by neural networks. Applying the particle swarm optimization algorithm, the optimum machining parameters are determined. The simulation and experimental results show that machining with proposed intelligent optimization methodology has higher efficiency than conventional techniques with constant optimized cutting parameters.
Excess length of hospital stay, mortality and cost attributable to Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection and recurrence: a nationwide analysis in Japan
Authors: Kimura T. , Stanhope S. , Sugitani T. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of infectious diarrhoea in hospitalised patients, representing a substantial economic burden driven mainly by increased length of hospital stay (LoS). Currently in Japan, limited evidence on CDI-associated excess LoS is available. We conducted a retrospective, matched-cohort study using a large, Japanese, hospital-based administrative database. CDI was defined as CDI treatment plus either CDI diagnosis or positive enzyme immunoassay result. Propensity score matching at the time of CDI or recurrent CDI (rCDI) onset was applied to adjust baseline confounding and immortal time bias. The analysis included 5 994 054 hospitalisation records during 2008–2017, of which 11 823 were identified as CDI and 1359 as rCDI. The median excess LoS attributable to CDI and rCDI was 3 days and 6.5 days, respectively. The excess mortality attributable to CDI was 6.9%; there was no excess mortality attributable to rCDI (−1.9%). The median difference in costs attributable to CDI and rCDI during the residual stay was JPY 130 296 (USD 1185) and JPY 81 054 (USD 737) per hospitalisation, respectively. By adjusting the biases, the burden of CDI in Japan was evaluated. The findings could support decision making and resource allocation for CDI management in Japanese hospitals.
Toddler dysregulated fear predicts continued risk for social anxiety symptoms in early adolescence
Authors: Buss Kristin A. , Cho Sunghye , Morales Santiago , McDoniel Meghan , Webb Ann Frank , Schwartz Adam , Cole Pamela M. , Dorn Lorah D. , Gest Scott , Teti Doug M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIdentifying early risk factors for the development of social anxiety symptoms has important translational implications. Accurately identifying which children are at the highest risk is of critical importance, especially if we can identify risk early in development. We examined continued risk for social anxiety symptoms at the transition to adolescence in a community sample of children (n = 112) that had been observed for high fearfulness at age 2 and tracked for social anxiety symptoms from preschool through age 6. In our previous studies, we found that a pattern of dysregulated fear (DF), characterized by high fear in low threat contexts, predicted social anxiety symptoms at ages 3, 4, 5, and 6 years across two samples. In the current study, we re-evaluated these children at 11–13 years of age by using parent and child reports of social anxiety symptoms, parental monitoring, and peer relationship quality. The scores for DF uniquely predicted adolescents’ social anxiety symptoms beyond the prediction that was made by more proximal measures of behavioral (e.g., kindergarten social withdrawal) and concurrent environmental risk factors (e.g., parental monitoring, peer relationships). Implications for early detection, prevention, and intervention are discussed.
Interaction between oocytes, cortical germ cells and granulosa cells of the mouse and bat, following the dissociation–re-aggregation of adult ovaries
Authors: Porras-Gómez Tania Janeth , Moreno-Mendoza Norma 
Published: March 2020

SummaryIt is widely accepted that the oocyte plays a very active role in promoting the growth of the follicle by directing the differentiation of granulosa cells and secreting paracrine growth factors. In turn, granulosa cells regulate the development of the oocytes, establishing close bidirectional communication between germ and somatic cells. The presence of cortical cells with morphological characteristics, similar to primordial germ cells that express specific germline markers, stem cells and cell proliferation, known as adult cortical germ cells (ACGC) have been reported in phyllostomid bats. Using magnetic cell separation techniques, dissociation–cellular re-aggregation and organ culture, the behaviour of oocytes and ACGC was analyzed by interacting in vitro with mouse ovarian cells. Bat ACGC was mixed with disaggregated ovaries from a transgenic mouse that expressed green fluorescent protein. The in vitro reconstruction of the re-aggregates was evaluated. We examined the viability, integration, cellular interaction and ovarian morphogenesis by detecting the expression of Vasa, pH3, Cx43 and Laminin. Our results showed that the interaction between ovarian cells is carried out in the adult ovary of two species, without them losing their capacity to form follicular structures, even after having been enzymatically dissociated.
Why should geological criteria used on Earth not be valid also for Mars? Evidence of possible microbialites and algae in extinct Martian lakes
Authors: Rizzo Vincenzo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDuring the Noachian period, 4.1-3.7 Gys ago, the Martian environment was moderately similar to the one on present Earth. Liquid water was widespread in a neutral environment, volcanic activity and heat flow more vigorous, and atmospheric pressure and temperature were higher than today. These conditions may have favoured the spread of life on the surface of Mars. The recognition that different planets and moons share rocky material cast in space by meteoroid impact entails that life creation is not necessary for each single planetary body, but could travel through the Solar system on board of rock fragments. Studies conducted on the past forms of Martian life have already highlighted possible positive matches with microbialite-like structures, referable to the geo-environmental conditions in the Noachian and Hesperian. However, by necessity, these studies are on predominantly micro and meso-scopic scale structures and doubts arise as to their attribution to the biogenic world. We suggest that in the identification of Martian life, we are currently in a position similar to the one of Kalkowsky who in 1908, based solely on morphological and sedimentological arguments, hypothesized the (now accepted) view of the biotic origin of stromatolites. Our analysis of thousands of images from Spirit, Opportunity and Curiosity has provided a selection of images of ring-shaped, domal and coniform macrostructures that resemble terrestrial microbialites such as the ring-shaped stromatolites of Lake Thetis, and stacked cones reminiscent of the group of terrestrialConophyton. Notably, the latter were detected by Curiosity in the mudstone known as ‘Sheepbed’, the same outcrop where past organic molecules have been detected and where the occurrence of microbial-induced sedimentary structures (MISS) and of many more microbialitic micro, meso and macrostructures has already been hypothesized. Some of the structures discussed in this work are so complex that alternative biological hypotheses can be formulated as possible algae. Alternate, non-abiotic explanations are examined but we find difficult to explain some of such structures in the context of normal sedimentary processes, both syngenetic or epigenetic.
Systematic observations on Galactic Interstellar isotope ratios
Authors: Zhang J. S. , Yan Y. T. , Liu W. , Yu H. Z. , Chen J. L. , Henkel C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe are performing systematic observation studies on the Galactic interstellar isotopic ratios, including 18O/17O, 12C/13C, 14N/15N and 32S/34S. Our strategy focuses on combination of multi-transition observation data toward large samples with different Galactocentric distances. Our preliminary results show positive Galactic radial gradients of 18O/17O and 12C/13C. In both cases, the ratio increases with the Galactocentric distance, which agrees with the inside-out scenario of our Galaxy. Observations of other isotopes such as 14N/15N and 32S/34S are on-going.
First TSI results and status report of the CLARA/NorSat-1 solar absolute radiometer
Authors: Walter Benjamin , Andersen Bo , Beattie Alexander , Finsterle Wolfgang , Kopp Greg , Pfiffner Daniel , Schmutz Werner 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Compact Lightweight Absolute Radiometer (CLARA) is orbiting Earth on-board the Norwegian NorSat-1 micro-satellite since 14th of July 2017. The first light total solar irradiance (TSI) measurement result of CLARA is 1360.18 W m−2 for the so far single reliable Channel B. Channel A and C measured significantly lower (higher) TSI values and were found being sensitive to satellite pointing instabilities. These channels most likely suffer from electrical interference between satellite components and CLARA, an effect that is currently under investigation. Problems with the satellite attitude control currently inhibit stable pointing of CLARA to the Sun.
Considering the Astro-tourism Potential in Indonesia using GCIS-MCDA
Authors: Yuna Dwi Y. , Premadi Premana W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe developed a method to identify potential astro-tourism sites by considering parameters characteristically relevant to astronomical observation such as air quality, dark sky quality, annual average cloud coverage, as well as terrain feature. Applying this method on Indonesia by perusing data from Geographic Information System and applying Multi Criteria Decision Analysis we identify a number of potential astro-tourism sites. We cross correlate this with Indonesia Tourist Destination to produce a list of recommended sites. Fulfilling the astrotourism criteria is one sure way towards sustainable tourism.
Identifying Hydrogeochemical Conditions for Fault Self‐Sealing in Geological Storage
Authors: Patil Vivek V. , McPherson Brian J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInjection of anthropogenic
into a subsurface reservoir will significantly impact the geochemistry, porosity, and permeability of the reservoir. If a fault or fracture penetrates the reservoir,
‐enriched brine may migrate into that fault, eventually sealing it via precipitation or opening it up via dissolution. The goal of this study was to identify and quantify such conditions of fault self‐sealing or self‐enhancing. We found the Damköhler number (
) provides a meaningful framework for characterizing the propensity of (fault) systems to seal or open up. We tailored a spatiotemporally varying
framework and applied it to simplified fault models with eight conditions derived from four geologic compositions and two reservoir conditions. The four geologic compositions were chosen such that three of them were representative of distinct geologic end‐members (sandstone, mudstone, and dolomitic limestone) and one was a mixed composition based on an average of three end‐member compositions. The two sets of
‐
conditions chosen included one for
in a gaseous phase (“shallow conditions”) and the other for supercritical phase
(“deep conditions”). Simulation results suggest that fault sealing via carbonate precipitation was a possibility for shallow conditions within limestone and mixed composition settings. The concentration of cations in the water was found to be an important control on the carbonate precipitation. A key conclusion suggested by the results of this study is that carbonate precipitation in the near‐surface (top 50–100 m) depths of a fault is the most likely mechanism of “self‐sealing” for most geological settings.
Control of Fault Weakening on the Structural Styles of Underthrusting‐Dominated Non‐Cohesive Accretionary Wedges
Authors: Bauville Arthur , Furuichi Mikito , Gerbault Muriel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnderthrusting is a typical process at compressive margins responsible for nappe stacking and sediment subduction. In nature, underthrusting is often associated with weak basal faults, although static mechanical analysis (critical taper theory) suggests that weak basal faults promote accretion while strong basal faults promote underthrusting. We perform mathematical analyses and numerical simulations to determine whether permanent fault weakening promotes or inhibits underthrusting. We investigate the control of permanent fault weakening on the dynamics of a strong‐based (
) non‐cohesive wedge (
and
are internal and basal friction, respectively). We control the wedge material strength by a spatially constant fluid overpressure factor (
), and fault strength by a plastic strain weakening factor (
). First, we use the critical taper theory to determine a mechanical mode diagram that predicts structural styles. Then, we perform numerical simulations of accretionary wedge formation to establish their dynamical structural characteristics. We determine a continuum of structural styles between three end‐members which correspond to the theoretical mechanical mode transitions. Style 1 is characterized by thin tectonic slices and little to no underthrusting. Style 2 shows thick slices, nappe stacking, and shallow gravity‐driven tectonics. Style 3 displays the complete underthrusting of the incoming sediments, that are exhumed when they reach the backstop. We conclude that in the condition of an initially strong wedge base, permanent fault weakening promotes underthrusting. Thus, this contribution enlightens the control of the dynamic evolution of material properties on the formation of subduction channels, slope instabilities, and antiformal nappe stacks.
The Influence of ENSO on the Structure of Internal Tides in the Xisha Area
Authors: Zhai Rong‐Wei , Chen Gui‐Ying , Liang Chang‐Rong , Shang Xiao‐Dong , Xie Jie‐Shuo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBased on mooring data in the Xisha area of the South China Sea from August 2007 to December 2016, we found that the diurnal internal tides (ITs) had a tendency to weaken from 2008 to 2016, while the semidiurnal ITs were enhanced from 2011 to 2015. The diurnal and semidiurnal ITs in the Xisha area were negatively and positively correlated with the Niño 3.4 Index, respectively. It was also found that the large‐scale El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can influence ITs. The link between ENSO and ITs is stratification. The upper‐ocean stratification of the Xisha area in El Niño years was stronger than that in La Niña years. Under the effects of stratification, the structures of diurnal and semidiurnal ITs showed different patterns during El Niño and La Niña years; both were dominated by low modes in La Niña years but displayed more signals of high modes in El Niño years.
Resolution of Lava Tubes With Ground Penetrating Radar: The TubeX Project
Authors: Esmaeili S. , Kruse S. , Jazayeri S. , Whelley P. , Bell E. , Richardson J. , Garry W. B. , Young K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRemote sensing surveys of the Moon and Mars show evidence of lava tubes, which are potential safe havens for human crews and their equipment. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) can be used to map tubes because the void/rock interface at tube ceilings and floors strongly reflects radar pulses. We have tested the capacity of GPR to sense lava tube geometry at Lava Beds National Monument in California, USA. GPR and detailed light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data are presented for two tubes: Skull Cave, with a few meters of overburden, diameter ~10–20 m, and a rubbly floor; and Valentine Cave, with similarly thin overburden, diameter ~1–3 m, and a flatter smoother floor. On both caves GPR clearly resolves the ceiling and permits good estimates of the cave width as validated with LiDAR data. Where GPR fails, the primary cause is inferred to be strong out‐of‐plane effects due to complex 3‐D geometries. Recovery of the floor position requires migrating the GPR data with a 2‐D velocity model, as signal velocity is faster in void space. We find that floor position is recoverable in caves whose voids are taller than the radar wavelength (~3 m in this study). Forward modeling assuming planetary parameters suggests that GPR should be similarly successful on the Moon or Mars.
Timing of Syenite‐Charnockite Magmatism and Ruby and Sapphire Metamorphism in the Mogok Valley Region, Myanmar
Authors: Searle M. P. , Garber J. M. , Hacker B. R. , Htun Kyi , Gardiner N. J. , Waters D. J. , Robb L. J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Mogok metamorphic belt (MMB) extends for over 1,000 km along central Burma from the Andaman Sea to the East Himalayan syntaxis and represents exhumed lower and middle crustal metamorphic rocks of the Sibumasu plate. In the Mogok valley region, the MMB consists of regional high‐grade marbles containing calcite + phlogopite + spinel + apatite ± diopside ± olivine and hosts world class ruby and sapphire gemstones. The coarse‐grained marbles have been intruded by orthopyroxene‐ and clinopyroxene‐bearing charnockite‐syenite sheet‐like intrusions that have skarns around the margins. Syenites range from hornblende‐ to quartz‐bearing and frequently show layering that could be a primary igneous texture or a later metamorphic overprint. Calc‐silicate skarns contain both rubies and blue sapphires with large biotites. Rubies occur in marbles with scapolite, phlogopite, graphite, occasional diopside, and blue apatite. Both marbles and syenites have been intruded by the Miocene Kabaing garnet‐muscovite‐biotite peraluminous leucogranite. New mapping and structural observations combined with U‐Th‐Pb zircon, monazite, and titanite geochronology from syenites, charnockites, leucogranites, meta‐rhyolite‐tuffs, and skarns have revealed a complex multiphase igneous and metamorphic history for the MMB. U‐Pb zircon ages of the charnockite‐syenites fall into three categories, Jurassic (170–168 Ma), latest Cretaceous to early Paleocene (~68‐63 Ma), and late Eocene–Oligocene (44–21 Ma). New ages from five samples suggest that metamorphism in the presence of garnet and melt occurred between ~45 and 24 Ma. U‐Pb titanite ages from the ruby marbles and meta‐skarns at Le Oo mine in the Mogok valley are 21 Ma, similar to titanite ages from an adjacent syenite (22 Ma). U‐Th‐Pb dating shows that all the metamorphic ages are Late Cretaceous–early Miocene and related to the India‐Sibumasu collision.