bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herramienta metodológica de la Gestión de Riesgo Operativo en pos de la optimización del control interno para instituciones bancarias ecuatorianas
Authors: Abril-Fajardo Ximena 
Published: December 2020

eL artículo propuso un análisis de los riesgos, de carácter interno o externo, que se pueden dar en el campo operativo de las entidades bancarias; por ello, se necesita estar preparados para que el impacto de dicho riesgo no sea tan devastador con pérdidas económicas y daños en su imagen institucional. Por lo tanto, es prioritario identificar, oportunamente, eventos no deseados que se pueden generar por errores operativos de las personas, fallas en los sistemas tecnológicos o en la infraestructura que pueden repercutir en un incremento de accidentes de trabajo y procesos no definidos o engorrosos que retrasan el flujo de las operaciones, creando costos y gastos innecesarios. Se concluyó que fue necesaria la creación de una unidad de gestión de integrales, a base de una metodología que podría prever los riesgos a futuro y tomar medidas a fin de evitar riesgos previsibles y no previsibles.Palabras clave: impacto, incertidumbre, mitigar, probabilidad, scoring
Abstract.his article proposes an analysis of the risks that can be an impact in the operative field of banking institutions. These risks may be internal or external which is why financial institutions need to be prepared so that the impact on that banking system will not devastating causing economical loss and damage on the institutional image. Therefore, priorities should be identified to prevent unwanted events that can generate operative errors, technological system and infrastructure damages, which can have repercussions on occupational accidents and undefined processes. These would delay operational processes generating unnecessary costs and expenses. It is necessary to create a Risk management unit that would anticipate the future risks and could avoid those that are predictable and no predictable.Key Words: impact, uncertainty, mitigate, probability, scoring.
Time to reimbursement and negotiation condition in Italy for drugs approved by the European Medicines Agency during the period 2014-2019
Authors: Prada Mariangela , Rossi Letizia , Mantovani Matteo 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The main purpose of this study was comparing median time (TTR, time to reimbursement) between the first Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco (AIFA) pricing and reimbursement (P&R) dossier’s evaluation and patient access in Italy and to observe the key P&R negotiation results for all new active substances approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA)’s Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use between January 2014 and December 2019. We analysed the different factors influencing TTR.
Methods: A panel of medicines for human use approved by the EMA in the period 2014-2019 was considered. All information about authorisation and reimbursement in Italy, including timelines and results from the negotiation, were gathered through EMA and Italian Official Journal databases.
Results: Of 213 new active substances approved from January 2014 to December 2019, 137 obtained reimbursement in Italy, with a median TTR of 7.6 months (228 days). Even if orphan designation, oncology indication, application of Managed Entry Agreements (MEAs; both outcome and financial based) or a discount did not show an impact on TTR, recognition of full innovativeness (n = 27; 20%) was associated with a reduction of 1 month in median TTR. Interestingly, drugs reimbursed with a lower price/daily defined dose showed a reduced TTR (−22%).
Conclusions: Even if the lack of impact of some negotiation conditions was predictable (e.g. oncology indication or orphan status) or the application of a MEA helped to manage possible uncertainties, it did not lead to a quicker completion of the negotiation procedure. Likewise, full innovative drugs showed a shorter TTR underlying the AIFA commitment in recognising, promoting and rewarding innovation.
Evaluation of low doses effect of systemic isotretinoin in monotherapy and combination on qualitative and quantitative composition of microbiota in patients with acne
Authors: Kolodiy A. A. , Gryazeva N. V. 
Published: December 2020

Objective.To evaluate the effect of low doses of systemic isotretinoin in monotherapy and combination on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota in patients with acne with moderate papulo-pustular acne.Materials and methods. 78 patients were monitored on an outpatient basis. Group 1 consisted of 38 patients. This group was divided into two age subgroups: A (12–24 years; n = 18) and B (25–45 years; n = 20). All patients in group 1 received monotherapy in the form of systemic administration of isotretinoin at a dose of 0.5–0.7 mg per 1 kg of body weight per day daily for 6 months. Group 2 consisted of 40 patients who were also divided into two age groups: A (12–24 years; n = 21) and B (25–45 years; n = 19). This group received combination therapy with isotretinoin at a dose of 0.1–0.3 mg per kg of body weight per day daily for 6 months in combination with phototherapy with broadband incoherent light (wavelength 440–950 nm) once every two weeks, a course of 4–6 procedures. To study the features of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the skin microbiota of acne patients, all patients were scraped and smeared with a sterile cotton swab before and after therapy, followed by analysis of microbial markers by chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results. Against the background of monotherapy in patients of different age groups, there was a positive dynamic in relation to the majority of microbiota indicators, its severity in subgroup A (12–24 years) was statistically more significant (p < 0.05). However, the complete normalization of the composition of the facial skin microbiota in both subgroups did not occur. After combination therapy, there was a pronounced positive dynamics and normalization of most indicators of the microbiota of the skin, regardless of age. However, the number of some targeted microorganisms turned out to be slightly higher than normal and after therapy.Conclusions. The use of low-dose isotretinoin monotherapy, as well as its combination with broadband incoherent light, does not allow to completely normalize the composition of the microbiota in patients suffering from acne papulo-pustular form of moderate severity, which requires further study and analysis.
Lichen sclerosus in men: improving diagnostic and treatment methods
Authors: Ignatovskiy A. V. 
Published: December 2020

Objective of the study.To evaluate the effectiveness of systemic interferon alpha‑2b in the complex therapy of lichen scleroatrophic of the penis.Material and methods. The study involved 26 male patients with a verified diagnosis: lichen scleroatrophic of the penis. The main group was 19 people, the comparison group was 7 men. The duration of the disease in men was from 9 to 12 months. To estimate the area of lesion as well as to estimate their dynamic changes were developed: Scleroatrophic Lichen Area Index (LS-S in men) and Scleroatrophic Lichen Activity Index (LS-A). Treatment in the main group: topical corticosteroid momentasone cream two times a day for 21 days, as well as interferon alpha‑2b suppositories in a dose of 3 million ME two times a day, daily for 10 days, then three times a week for 2 months with subsequent external application of 1–2 times a day for 2 months of ointment with interferon alpha‑2b. In patients with balanopostitis the cream was used in combination with momentazone, economazole, gentamycin and dexpanthenol. Patients from the comparison group received momentazone cream for 21 days, and in case of recurrence of symptoms – the prescription of topical calcineurin inhibitors. Patients of both groups received vitamin E of 200 mg per day for 2 months. The end point of observation for patients of both groups was 3 months after the end of therapy.Results. Against the background of treatment, improvement was achieved in all patients in the main group within 21 days. Subsequent cancellation of topical corticosteroid and continuation of therapy with suppositories and ointment of the interferon alpha‑2b allowed to maintain positive dynamics of the skin process during the whole period of observation. The control group also achieved a positive effect from therapy with topical corticosteroids (cream with momentazone), but after its cancellation, in the period from 4 to 6 weeks, symptoms were recurrent, which required the continuation of therapy with topical calcinerin inhibitors – tacrolimus ointment 0.1% 1–2 times a day for 4 weeks. The use of the LS-A Index showed that the indices of skin manifestations were the fastest to regress than those of the LS-S index assessing the area of lesion.Conclusions. 1. The use of system therapy with interferon alpha‑2b, along with topical GCSs, in the complex treatment can reduce the severity of clinical manifestations of GSAL without resorting to prolonged use of topical GCSs. 2. The use of interferon alpha‑2b in the complex treatment of the genital lichen sclerosus has demonstrated its effectiveness in a small group of patients. 3. Application of the developed Lesion Area Index and Lichen Sclerosus Activity Index in men allow to objectively assess the effectiveness of treatment. 4. Lichen sclerosus assessment indices allow to develop an individual plan of rehabilitation measures. 5. It is expedient to continue studies on pathogenetic mechanisms of influence of alpha‑2b interferon in genital lichen sclerosus.
Microcirculatory and vegetative changes in children with different phenotypes of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Tataurschikova N. S. , Berezhansky P. V. 
Published: December 2020

Microcirculation mechanisms and vegetative-vascular mechanisms have an important pathogenetic significance in the development of allergic inflammation.The purpose of our study was to assess capillaroscopy and heart rate variability in children with allergic rhinitis (AR), depending on the presence of comorbid pathology. All children were divided into three groups: the main group – 29 children with AR in combination with herpes infection or the presence of pathogenic microflora in nasopharyngeal swabs in the amount of more than 106, the comparison group – 23 children with AR, the control group – 26 healthy children. All children with AR had pronounced changes in the microvasculature, which varied depending on the presence of concomitant pathology, along with reactive changes in autonomic regulatory systems towards an increase in the dominance of central regulation mechanisms and the predominance of parasympathetic tone. Children with AR and concomitant pathology did not have a pronounced parasympathetic effect, in contrast to children with AR and children without concomitant pathology, which should be taken into account when drawing up a plan for personalized treatment and rehabilitation.
Aktivitas dan Kinetika Inhibisi Α-Glukosidase oleh Ekstrak Etil Asetat Umbi Lapis Bawang Merah (Allium cepa)
Authors: Yuningtyas Sitaresmi , Noviardi Harry , Mandiri Meita Sari 
Published: December 2020

Hiperglikemia adalah tingginya kadar glukosa darah yang merupakan ciri dari diabetes melitus. Salah satu mekanisme obat bagi keadaan hiperglikemia adalah menghambat aktivitas α-glukosidase di dalam usus halus. Ekstrak umbi lapis bawang merah (Allium cepa) berpotensi sebagai penurun kadar glukosa darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan aktivitas inhibisi dan kinetika enzim α-glucosidase pada ekstrak etil asetat umbi bawang merah sebagai inhibitor α-glukosidase. Umbi lapis bawang merah diekstraksi dengan etil asetat menggunakan metode maserasi. Selanjutnya ekstrak tersebut dihitung IC50 dan aktivitas kinetika enzim α-glukosidase. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa ekstrak etil asetat umbi lapis bawang merah memiliki aktivitas inhibisi terhadap α-glukosidase dengan nilai IC50 adalah 0,43% b/v. Ekstrak etil asetat umbi lapis bawang merah memiliki mekanisme penghambatan unkompetitif terhadap α-glukosidase dengan parameter nilai vmaks adalah 5,862 U/mL. menit dan KM adalah 4,307 mM.
Efektivitas Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol 96% Daun Insulin (Tithonia diversifolia) dan Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata) Sebagai Antihiperglikemik Pada Mencit Putih Jantan
Authors: Utami Novi Fajar , Mbete Florensia Ndole , Effendi E Mulyati 
Published: December 2020

Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan suatu sindroma klinik yang ditandai dengan poliuri, polidipsi, dan polifagi, disertai peningkatan kadar glukosa darah atau hiperglikemia (glukosa puasa ≥ 126 mg/dL atau postprandial ≥ 200 mg/dL atau glukosa sewaktu ≥ 200 mg/dL). Indonesia diperkirakan pada tahun 2030 akan memiliki penderita DM sebanyak 21,3 juta jiwa. Obat yang digunakan untuk masyarakat penderita DM saat ini adalah Meftormin terbukti memiliki efek samping yaitu flatulensi, mual, diare dan nyeri perut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas dan menetapkan dosis efektif kombinasi ekstrak etanol 96% daun insulin dan daun sirsak sebagai antihiperglikemik pada mencit putih jantan yang diinduksi larutan glukosa. Metode penelitian menggunakan 8 kelompok perlakuan dengan masing masing 4 ulangan, yaitu kelompok kontrol positif metformin (1,3 mg/20 g BB), kontrol negatif (akuades), kontrol normal (pakan), Dosis 1 (ekstrak daun sirsak 2,24 mg/ 20 g BB), Dosis 2 (ekstrak daun insulin 0,7 mg/20 g BB), Dosis 3 ( daun insulin 0,7 mg/ 20 g BB dan sirsak 2,24 mg/20 g BB), Dosis 4 (daun insulin 0,7 mg/ 20 g BB dan 1,12 mg/ 20 g BB), Dosis 5 (daun insulin 0,35 mg/ 20 g BB dan 2,24 mg/20 g BB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan pemberian dosis kombinasi daun insulin 0,7 mg/ 20 g BB dan daun sirsak 2,24 mg/20 g BB terbukti efektif menurunkan kadar gula darah dengan rata rata 93,15 mg/dL. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa dosis kombinasi daun insulin dan daun sirsak berpotensi menurunkan kadar gula darah.
Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Kombinasi Daun Beluntas (Pluchea Indica L. Less) dan Rimpang Jahe Merah (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) terhadap Bakteri Penyebab Jerawat
Authors: Fatmi Mindiya , Wibowo Agung Eru , Rahmat Deni 
Published: December 2020

Daun beluntas (Pluchea indica L. Less) dan rimpang jahe merah (Zinngiber officinalle Roscoe) merupakan tanaman yang mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antibakteri penyebab jerawat. Daun beluntas mengandung senyawa anti bakteri yang berasal dari alkaloid, flavonoid bebas jenis flavonol, steroid dan tanin. Ekstrak rimpang jahe merah mengandung flavonoid, minyak atsiri, polifenol, dan saponin. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen yang bertujuan untuk menguji kombinasi ekstrak daun beluntas dan rimpang jahe merah yang efektif sebagai anti jerawat yang diuji terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acne dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Daun beluntas dan rimpang jahe merah masing-masing diekstraksi secara maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Ekstrak selanjutnya dikombinasi dan diuji terhadap bakteri P. acne dan S. epidermidis dengan perbandingan konsentrasi daun dan beluntas jahe merah 1,5:1,5 ; 0,75:1,5 dan 2,25:1,5. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan konsentrasi daun beluntas dan beluntas jahe merah pada perbandingan 2,25% : 1,5% memiliki aktivitas yang lebih baik pada Staphylococcus epidermidis sebesar 7,2 mm dan pada konsentrasi 0,75% : 1,5% efektif terhadap bakteri bakteri Propionibacterium acne dengan diameter daya hambat sebesar 8,3 mm.
SOCIAL COMMUNICATION OF ADDEWATANG PUTTA SERENG RITUAL IN BONE REGENCY
Authors: Kadir Bustan , Bahfiarti Tuti , Farid Muhammad 
Published: December 2020

The diversity that exists in Indonesia should be one of the reasons why communication is important to be studied, and depth analysed. Diversity will produce harmony when it managed by good communication and understanding. This study analysed social life in the Addewatang Putta Sereng ritual practised by a community in Bone Regency as a form of diversity. Focusing on communication behaviour in the Addewatang Putta Sereng ritual, this study would first (1) analysed religious messages, and subsequently (2) identify social communication in the Addewatang Putta Sereng ritual. This research used a qualitative method by using the ethnographic communication approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, then analysed using ethnographic data analysis. The results of this study indicated that the implementation of the Addewatang Putta Sereng ritual is a symbol of the belief (ateppekeng) and gratitude (asukkurukeng) of Ujung people towards the figure of Putta Sereng and God Almighty. Social communication in the Addewatang Putta Sereng ritual forms harmonious communication patterns, consisting of resistance and responsive communication practised by community groups that are resistant and conservative to the Addewatang Putta Sereng ritual.
KEBENCIAN DAN AMARAH TOKOH EKSIL DALAM CERPEN TANAH AIR DAN ASMARA DAN KEMATIAN DI PERBATASAN TIGA NEGARA KARYA MARTIN ALEIDA
Authors: Amir Syahwan Alfianto , Lewa Inriati , Badaruddin M. Syafri 
Published: December 2020

This research aims to elaborate the manifestations of hate and anger of the exile characters in the short stories of Tanah Air and Asmara dan Kematian di Perbatasan Tiga Negara by Martin Aleida. This research used qualitative analysis by using descriptive method. The technique of data collections used library research or content analysis. The result of the study shows that hate and anger of the exile characters in both short stories by Martin Aleida, according to the psychology existential by May divided into two categories. These categories come to animate the story that starring by the characters who deliberately labelled as an exile. There are two types of hate and anger in the exile characters is hate and anger of the regime and hate and anger of their self. In the short story of Tanah Air, the two categories come to affirm the occasion of a phenomenon and in the short story Asmara dan Kematian di Perbatasan Tiga Negara, only one category that begins to build the occasion of the short story. The result that the exile characters reveal their existence by showing hate and anger to the regime.
Yoğun Bakım Hastalarında Gelişen Sağlık Hizmeti İle İlişkili Acinetobacter Baumanii Bakteriyemilerinin Retrospektif Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YILDIZ Emel , TOKUR Murat , YILDIZ Emel , ARIK Özlem , ALKAN ÇEVİKER Sevil 
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Çalışmada YBÜ’nde yatan hastalarda gelişen sağlık hizmeti ile ilişkili (SHİ) A. baumannii bakteriyemilerinin klinik özelliklerinin irdelenmesi ve bu enfeksiyon gelişen hastalarda sağkalımı etkileyen risk faktörlerinin saptanması amaçlandı.
Yöntem: Yoğun bakım ünitelerinde yatan ve A. baumannii’ye bağlı SHİ bakteriyemi tanısı konulan, erişkin hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Kan kültürlerinde A. baumannii üremesi saptanan ve ilgili hekim/enfeksiyon hekimi tarafından SHİ bakteriyemi tanısı konulan hastalara ait verilere retrospektif olarak hasta dosyaları ve hastane otomasyon sisteminden ulaşıldı. Yaş, cinsiyet, antibiyotik kullanım öyküleri, yatış tanısı, altta yatan hastalıklar, uygulanan invazif girişimler gibi risk faktörleri, SAPS II değerleri ve hastaların mortalite durumları değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya 36 vaka dahil edildi. Vakaların ortalama yaşı (67,3611 (±18) min:20, max:98) ve %55,5 (n:20) erkek idi. En sık ek hastalık hipertansiyon (%22) ve en sık yoğun bakıma yatış tanısı travma (%30) idi. Hastaların yoğun bakıma yatış ortalama SAPS II skoru 54,05+/-16,21 (min:20/max 79) idi. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, uygulanan invaziv işlemler ve antibiyotik tedavileri, mortalite açısından karşılaştırıldığında; yaş, hastanede kalış süresi, SAPS II puanı mortalite gelişen grupta anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu. Vakalar mortalite gelişen ile mortalite gelişmeyen olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Mortalite gelişen gruptaki hastaların yaş ortalamasının, ortalama hastanede kalış süresi, SAPS II skoru, SAPS II yüzde değerlerinin daha yüksek olduğu saptandı.
Sonuç: Gereksiz antibiyotik tedavisinden kaçınmak ve sıkı enfeksiyon kontrol önlemleri gibi kontrol edilebilir risk faktörlerinin ortadan kaldırılması, A. baumannii kaynaklı bakteriyemileri ve buna bağlı ölümleri azaltabilir. Hastanede uzun süreli kalış, steroid ve antibiyotik maruziyeti varlığı, sınırlı terapötik seçenekleri olan A.baumanii bakteriyemili hastalarda artmış mortalite riskine neden olabilir.
Önlisans Öğrencilerinin Depresyon ve Gündüz Uykululuk Düzeyi Bakımından İncelenmesi
Authors: YAĞCİ ŞENTÜRK Aysun , OKUR Elif 
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Önlisans öğrencilerinde depresyon ve gündüz uykululuk düzeyini belirlemek ve bunlara etki eden faktörleri ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve Metot: Araştırma sağlıkla ilgili programları içeren bir meslek yüksekokulunda 130 katılımcıyla yürütüldü. Veriler sosyo-demografik veri formu, Beck Depresyon Envanteri ve Epworth Uykululuk Ölçeği kullanılarak elde edildi. Veriler IBM SPSS Statistics 23,0 paket programı ile analiz edildi. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı, parametrik ve nonparametrik testler ile korelasyon analizleri kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 20±1,57 ve %79,2’si kadındı. Öğrencilerin %35,4’ünde depresyon bulguları mevcutken, %30’unda artmış gündüz uykululuğa rastlandı. Hem depresyon hem de artmış gündüz uykululuk oranı kadın öğrencilerde, erkek öğrencilerden anlamlı derecede yüksekti(p
Efektifitas Sistem Pengendalian Intern dalam Mencegah Kecurangan di Perusahaan Daerah
Authors: Humam Haidar , Ardini Lilis , Kurnia Kurnia 
Published: December 2020

Sistem pengendalian internal pada Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Tirta Kahuripan Kabupaten Bogor dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui apakah sistem manajemen sudah dilaksanakan dengan baik atau tidak dan menghindari terjadinya kebocoran biaya. Sistem pengendalian intern yang dilakukan di PDAM Kabupaten Bogor dalam hal pemisahan tugas dan wewenang masih belum berjalan maksimal dengan bukti adanya rangkap jabatan. Hal tersebut dikhawatirkan akan adanya penyalahgunaan wewenang jabatan yang berakibat pada kecurangan. Sistem pengendalian intern sangat diharapkan bisa mencegah sebuah kecurangan yang akan terjadi. Hal yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis keefektifan penerapan sistem pengendalian intern sebagai upaya pengendalian ataupun bahkan pencegahan kejadian tindakan kecurangan. Metode kualitatif diterapkan dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah melalui observasi (observation) dan wawancara (in depth interview). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa PDAM Tirta Kahuripan Kabupaten Bogor yang telah berhasil melaksanakan sistem pengendalian intern secara efektif. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari buku laporan evaluasi kinerja selama 3 tahun terakhir yang mengalami peningkatan dan berhasil mendapatkan prestasi terbaik urutan ke-2 se-Indonesia oleh Badan Peningkatan Penyelenggaraan Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum (BPPSPAM) atas Badan Pengawas Keuangan dan Pembangunan. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi percontohan bagi pelaksanaan sistem internal oleh stakeholders.