bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using plasmonics and nanoparticles to enhance the efficiency of solar cells: review of latest technologies
Authors: Olaimat Melad M. , Yousefi Leila , Ramahi Omar M. 
Published: December 2020

With the advances in the field of plasmonics, techniques for trapping and localizing light have become more feasible at the nanoscale. Several works have shown that plasmonics-based photovoltaic devices have yielded an improved absorption capability, enabling the design of thin-layered photovoltaic absorbers. In this review, we shed light on recent advances that employ plasmonics and nano-sized structures and thin-film technologies intended to increase solar cell efficiency. In this work, we provide an overview of the challenges associated with developing high-efficiency solar cells. Despite significant efforts by numerous groups to improve the efficiency of solar cells, practical realization of these concepts has yet to materialize. The conclusions made here hope to encourage researchers to re-examine the factors and challenges that could have created barriers to full realization of all concepts proposed over the past 15 years. In fact, because of the immense impact of improving the efficiency of solar cells on the environment and economy, it is hoped that this review encourages new technology paradigms that can be translated into commercially viable products.
Temperature measurement using a multi-wavelength fiber ring laser based on a hybrid gain medium and Sagnac interferometer
Authors: Cai Xun , Luo Jian , Fu Hongyan , Bu Yikun , Chen Nan 
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a multi-wavelength fiber ring laser (MWFRL) based on a hybrid gain medium and Sagnac interferometer (SI) used for temperature measurement has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Experiments have been carried out with polarization maintaining fibers (PMF) of different lengths, which are incorporated in the SI as sensing elements. Stable multi-wavelength oscillation at 1560 nm band is successfully achieved with the wavelength instability of ±0.08 nm and the signal-to-noise of 42 dB. The experimental results show that the wavelength change of the MWFRL with temperature variation has a good linear response and the temperature sensitivity of 1.8063 ± 0.00933 nm/°C is obtained when the length of the PMF is 1.7 m. As the length of PMF increases, the sensitivity can be improved.
Fifth-order optical nonlinear response of semiconducting 2D LTMD MoS2
Authors: Silva-Neto Manoel L. , Maldonado Melissa , de S. Menezes Leonardo , de Araújo Cid B. , Jawaid Ali M. , Busch Robert , Ritter Allyson J. , Vaia Richard A. , Gomes Anderson S. L. 
Published: December 2020

The effective fifth-order susceptibility,

, of two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting layered transition metal dichalcogenide (LTMD) molybdenum disulfide (

) is reported here for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Using the

-scan technique with a laser operating at 800 nm, 1 kHz, 100 fs, we investigated the nonlinear behavior of

suspended in acetonitrile (concentration, 70 µg/ml). The effective nonlinear refractive index

, proportional to

, was measured for monolayer

nanoflakes, prepared by a modified redox exfoliation method. We also determined the value of the nonlinear refractive index

, which is related to the material’s effective third-order optical susceptibility real part,

. For comparison, we also investigated the nonlinear response of tungsten disulfide (

) monolayers, prepared by the same method and suspended in acetonitrile (concentration, 40 µg/ml), which only exhibited the third-order nonlinear effect in the same intensity range, up to

. Nonlinear absorption was not observed in either

or

.
Medicines prescribed for asthma, discontinuation and perinatal outcomes, including breastfeeding: A population cohort analysis
Authors: Davies Gareth , Jordan Sue , Thayer Daniel , Tucker David , Humphreys Ioan 
Published: December 2020

Objectives
To explore associations between exposures to medicines prescribed for asthma and their discontinuation in pregnancy and preterm birth [<37 or <32 weeks], SGA [<10th and <3rd centiles], and breastfeeding at 6–8 weeks.

Methods
Design. A population-based cohort study.
Setting. The Secure Anonymised Information Linkage [SAIL] databank in Wales, linking maternal primary care data with infant outcomes.
Population. 107,573, 105,331, and 38,725 infants born 2000–2010 with information on premature birth, SGA and breastfeeding respectively, after exclusions.
Exposures. maternal prescriptions for asthma medicines or their discontinuation in pregnancy.
Methods. Odds ratios for adverse pregnancy outcomes were calculated for the exposed versus the unexposed population, adjusted for smoking, parity, age and socio-economic status.

Results
Prescriptions for asthma, whether continued or discontinued during pregnancy, were associated with birth at<32 weeks’ gestation, SGA <10th centile, and no breastfeeding (aOR 1.33 [1.10–1.61], 1.10 [1.03–1.18], 0.93 [0.87–1.01]). Discontinuation of asthma medicines in pregnancy was associated with birth at<37 weeks’ and <32 weeks’ gestation (aOR 1.22 [1.06–1.41], 1.53 [1.11–2.10]). All medicines examined, except ICS and SABA prescribed alone, were associated with SGA <10th centile.

Conclusions
Prescription of asthma medicines before or during pregnancy was associated with higher prevalence of adverse perinatal outcomes, particularly if prescriptions were discontinued during pregnancy. Women discontinuing medicines during pregnancy could be identified from prescription records. The impact of targeting close monitoring and breastfeeding support warrants exploration.
Risk factors associated with high prevalence of intimate partner violence amongst school-going young women (aged 15–24years) in Maputo, Mozambique
Authors: Maguele Maria Suzana , Tlou Boikhutso , Taylor Myra , Khuzwayo Nelisiwe 
Published: December 2020

Background
In many countries, there is evidence that intimate partner violence is prevalent among young women. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with intimate partner violence in young women (aged 15–24 years) attending secondary schools in Maputo, Mozambique.

Method
Using a probability proportional sampling strategy, 431 participants were recruited, and the data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between IPV and sociodemographic and sociocultural factors. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are reported.

Results
Of the 413 participants, 248 (60%) (95% CI: 55.15–64.61) had experienced at least one form of IPV in their lifetime. Then, of the 293 participants who had a partner in the previous 12 months prior to the data collection, 186 (63.4%) (95% CI: 57.68–69.00) reported IPV in the 12 months prior to data collection. The psychological violence was the predominant type of violence, lifetime prevalence 230 (55.7%), and over the previous 12 months 164 (55.9%). The risk of IPV was associated with young women lacking religious commitment (AOR, 1.596, 95% CI: 1.009–2.525, p = 0.046) and if the head of the young women’s household was unemployed (AOR, 1.642 95% CI: 1.044–2.584, p = 0.032). In the bivariate analysis the odds of being abused remained lower among the younger teenage women (OR, 0.458 95% CI: 0.237–0.888, p = 0.021), and higher, among young women if the partner was employed (OR, 2.247 95% CI: 1.187–4.256, p = 0.013) and among the young women believing that males are superior to females (OR, 2.298 95% CI:1.014–5.210. p = 0.046).

Conclusion
These findings reveal a high prevalence of IPV among young women. Comprehensive programs should incorporate socioeconomic empowerment strategies to increase women’s autonomy. There is a need to address religious beliefs through cultural perspectives, to improve social interactions that promote violence free relationships, gender egalitarian norms, and physical and emotional wellbeing for young women.
Characteristics and related factors of emergency department visits, readmission, and hospital transfers of inpatients under a DRG-based payment system: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Huang Pei-Fang , Kung Pei-Tseng , Chou Wen-Yu , Tsai Wen-Chen 
Published: December 2020

Objectives
Taiwan has implemented the Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) since 2010, and the quality of care under the DRG-Based Payment System is concerned. This study aimed to examine the characteristics, related factors, and time distribution of emergency department (ED) visits, readmission, and hospital transfers of inpatients under the DRG-Based Payment System for each Major Diagnostic Category (MDC).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) from 2012 to 2013 in Taiwan. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to examine the factors related to ED visits, readmissions, and hospital transfers of patients under the DRG-Based Payment System.

Results
In this study, 103,779 inpatients were under the DRG-Based Payment System. Among these inpatients, 4.66% visited the ED within 14 days after their discharge. The factors associated with the increased risk of ED visits within 14 days included age, lower monthly salary, urbanization of residence area, comorbidity index, MDCs, and hospital ownership (p < 0.05). In terms of MDCs, Diseases and Disorders of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (MDC11) conferred the highest risk of ED visits within 14 days (OR = 4.95, 95% CI: 2.69–9.10). Of the inpatients, 6.97% were readmitted within 30 days. The factors associated with the increased risk of readmission included gender, age, lower monthly salary, comorbidity index, MDCs, and hospital ownership (p < 0.05). In terms of MDCs, the inpatients with Pregnancy, Childbirth and the Puerperium (MDC14) had the highest risk of readmission within 30 days (OR = 20.43, 95% CI: 13.32–31.34). Among the inpatients readmitted within 30 days, 75.05% of them were readmitted within 14 days. Only 0.16% of the inpatients were transferred to other hospitals.

Conclusion
The study shows a significant correlation between Major Diagnostic Categories in surgery and ED visits, readmission, and hospital transfers. The results suggested that the main reasons for the high risk may need further investigation for MDCs in ED visits, readmissions, and hospital transfers.
Women’s autonomy and utilization of maternal healthcare in India: Evidence from a recent national survey
Authors: Mondal Dinabandhu , Karmakar Suranjana , Banerjee Anuradha 
Published: December 2020

Objective
The present study aims to examine the association between women’s decision-making autonomy and utilization of maternal healthcare services among the currently married women in India.

Methods
A total of 32,698 currently married women aged 15–49 years who had at least one live birth in the past five years preceding the survey and had information regarding autonomy collected by the National Family Health Survey 2015–16 were used for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed for the analyses of this study.

Results
Utilization of maternal healthcare services was higher among the women having a high level of decision-making autonomy compared to those who had a low autonomy in the household. The regression results indicate that women’s autonomy was significantly associated with increased odds of maternal healthcare services in India. Women with high autonomy had 37% and 33% greater likelihood of receiving ANC (AOR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.25–1.50) and PNC care (AOR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.24–1.42) respectively compared to women having low autonomy. However, no significant association was observed between women’s autonomy and institutional delivery in the adjusted analysis.

Conclusion
This study recommends the need for comprehensive strategies involving improvement of women’s autonomy along with expansion of education, awareness generation regarding the importance of maternity care, and enhancing public health infrastructure to ensure higher utilization of maternal healthcare services that would eventually reduce maternal mortality.
Healthcare financing and social protection policies for migrant workers in Malaysia
Authors: Loganathan Tharani , Chan Zhie X. , Pocock Nicola S. 
Published: December 2020

Background
For Malaysia, a nation highly dependent on migrant labour, the large non-citizen workforce presents a unique health system challenge. Although documented migrant workers are covered by mandatory healthcare insurance (SPIKPA), financial constraints remain a major barrier for non-citizen healthcare access. Malaysia recently extended protection for migrant workers under the national social security scheme (SOCSO), previously exclusive to citizens. This study aims to evaluate healthcare financing and social security policies for migrant workers to identify policy gaps and opportunities for intervention.

Methods
A total of 37 in-depth interviews were conducted of 44 stakeholders from July 2018 to July 2019. A mixed-methods analysis combining major themes from qualitative interviews with policy document reviews was conducted. Descriptive analysis of publicly available secondary data, namely revenues collected at government healthcare facilities, was conducted to contextualise the policy review and qualitative findings.

Results
We found that migrant workers and employers were unaware of SPIKPA enrolment and entitlements. Higher fees for non-citizens result in delayed care-seeking. While the Malaysian government nearly doubled non-citizen healthcare fees revenues from RM 104 to 182 million (USD 26 to 45 million) between 2014 to 2018, outstanding revenues tripled from RM 16 to 50 million (USD 4 to 12 million) in the same period. SPIKPA coverage is likely inadequate in providing financial risk protection to migrant workers, especially with increased non-citizens fees at public hospitals. Undocumented workers and other migrant populations excluded from SPIKPA contribution to unpaid fees revenues are unknown. Problems described with the previous Foreign Workers Compensation Scheme (FWCS), could be partially addressed by SOCSO, in theory. Nevertheless, questions remain on the feasibility of implementing elements of SOCSO, such as recurring payments to workers and next-of-kin overseas.

Conclusion
Malaysia is moving towards migrant inclusion with the provision of SOCSO for documented migrant workers, but more needs to be done. Here we suggest the expansion of the SPIKPA insurance scheme to include all migrant populations, while broadening its scope towards more comprehensive coverage, including essential primary care.
Erratum: Optimization of k value and lag parameter of k-nearest neighbor algorithm on the prediction of hotel occupancy rates
Authors: Akbar Agus Subhan , Kusumodestoni R. Hadapiningradja 
Published: December 2020

This correct the article "Optimasi nilai k dan parameter lag algoritme k-nearest neighbor pada prediksi tingkat hunian hotel (Optimization of k value and lag parameter of k-nearest neighbor algorithm on the prediction of hotel occupancy rates)" in vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 246-254, Jul. 2020; https://doi.org/10.14710/jtsiskom.2020.13648In the original published article, the placement of Figure 8 and Figure 9 less appropriate, which causes the manuscript hard to read. In addition, Table 2 through Table 6 need to be repositioned. These placing errors have been corrected online.The publisher apologizes for these errors.
Asymmetry of Auditory-Motor Speech Processing is Determined by Language Experience
Authors: Tang Ding-lan , Möttönen Riikka , Asaridou Salomi S. , Watkins Kate E. 
Published: December 2020

Speech processing relies on interactions between auditory and motor systems and is asymmetrically organized in the human brain. The left auditory system is specialized for processing of phonemes, whereas the right is specialized for processing of pitch changes in speech affecting prosody. In speakers of tonal languages, however, processing of pitch (i.e., tone) changes that alter word meaning is left-lateralized indicating that linguistic function and language experience shape speech processing asymmetries. Here, we investigated the asymmetry of motor contributions to auditory speech processing in male and female speakers of tonal and non-tonal languages. We temporarily disrupted the right or left speech motor cortex using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and measured the impact of these disruptions on auditory discrimination (mismatch negativity; MMN) responses to phoneme and tone changes in sequences of syllables using electroencephalography (EEG). We found that the effect of motor disruptions on processing of tone changes differed between language groups: disruption of the right speech motor cortex suppressed responses to tone changes in non-tonal language speakers, whereas disruption of the left speech motor cortex suppressed responses to tone changes in tonal language speakers. In non-tonal language speakers, the effects of disruption of left speech motor cortex on responses to tone changes were inconclusive. For phoneme changes, disruption of left but not right speech motor cortex suppressed responses in both language groups. We conclude that the contributions of the right and left speech motor cortex to auditory speech processing are determined by the functional roles of acoustic cues in the listener's native language.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe principles underlying hemispheric asymmetries of auditory speech processing remain debated. The asymmetry of processing of speech sounds is affected by low-level acoustic cues, but also by their linguistic function. By combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG), we investigated the asymmetry of motor contributions to auditory speech processing in tonal and non-tonal language speakers. We provide causal evidence that the functional role of the acoustic cues in the listener's native language affects the asymmetry of motor influences on auditory speech discrimination ability [indexed by mismatch negativity (MMN) responses]. Lateralized top-down motor influences can affect asymmetry of speech processing in the auditory system.
ELAV Proteins Bind and Stabilize C/EBP mRNA in the Induction of Long-Term Memory inAplysia
Authors: Mirisis Anastasios A. , Kopec Ashley M. , Carew Thomas J. 
Published: December 2020

Long-term memory (LTM) formation is a critical survival process by which an animal retains information about prior experiences to guide future behavior. In the experimentally advantageous marine molluskAplysia, LTM for sensitization can be induced by the presentation of two aversive shocks to the animal's tail. Each of these training trials recruits distinct growth factor signaling systems that promote LTM formation. Specifically, whereas intact TrkB signaling during Trial 1 promotes an initial and transient increase of the immediate early geneapc/ebpmRNA, a prolonged increase inapc/ebpgene expression required for LTM formation requires the addition of TGFβ signaling during Trial 2. Here we explored the molecular mechanisms by which Trial 2 achieves the essential prolonged gene expression ofapc/ebp. We find that this prolonged gene expression is not dependent onde novotranscription, but thatapc/ebpmRNA synthesized by Trial 1 is post-transcriptionally stabilized by interacting with the RNA-binding protein ApELAV. This interaction is promoted by p38 MAPK activation initiated by TGFβ. We further demonstrate that blocking the interaction of ApELAV with its target mRNA during Trial 2 blocks both the prolonged increase inapc/ebpgene expression and the behavioral induction of LTM. Collectively, our findings elucidate both when and how ELAV proteins are recruited for the stabilization of mRNA in LTM formation. Stabilization of a transiently expressed immediate early gene mRNA by a repeated training trial may therefore serve as a “filter” for learning, permitting only specific events to cause lasting transcriptional changes and behavioral LTM.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT:In the present paper, we significantly extend the general field of molecular processing in long-term memory (LTM) by describing a novel form of pretranslational processing required for LTM, which relies on the stabilization of a newly synthesized mRNA by a class of RNA binding proteins (ELAVs). There are now compelling data showing that important processing can occur after transcription of a gene, but before translation of the message into protein. Although the potential importance of ELAV proteins in LTM formation has previously been reported, the specific actions of ELAV proteins during LTM formation remained to be understood. Our new findings thus complement and extend this literature by demonstrating when and how this post-transcriptional gene regulation is mediated in the induction of LTM.
Bridging the Digital Divide in Dunn County, Wisconsin: A Case Study of NPO use of ICT
Authors: Bogner Elizabeth , Tharp Kevin W. , McManus Mary 
Published: December 2020

Despite years of effort to bridge the digital divide in the U.S., there continues to be a skills gap affecting many not-for-profit organizations. This paper looks at an assessment of the electronic literacy skills of individuals working or volunteering for NPOs in Dunn County, Wisconsin and remediation efforts to address the skills gap that was identified. The Assessment conducted by an AmeriCorps* VISTA leader found literacy skills low, especially as related to social media and web publishing among the staff and volunteers of the NPOs in the study. Remediation efforts were challenging but successful. Follow-up efforts built local, sustainable capacity.
Expanded Urban Planning as a Vehicle for Understanding and Shaping Smart, Liveable Cities
Authors: Staffans Aija , Horelli Liisa 
Published: December 2020

Smart city is currently a trendy concept that has been promoted by many international companies, universities and cities, such as IBM, CISCO, MIT, Shanghai, as well as the European Union. This top down, technocratic approach has been severely criticized in many academic publications. Concurrently there is an increasing buzz emerging from citizens – women and men, who are involved in the application of community informatics for self-organization in urban settings. Consequently, the smart city as a contested concept and an initiative is under social and political construction. We argue that the smart city can be better understood and implemented, when framed from a holistic and integrative perspective as a multi-scalar and multi-dimensional endeavor that is approached through “expanded urban planning”. The aim of the article is to present and discuss the expanded urban planning approach as an alternative story to smart cities. The relevance of this approach is assessed in the light of a case study of Designing for the Smart City, a course for future architects and planners, at the Politecnico di Milano, Italy.