bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing secure and memorable passwords
Authors: Kävrestad Joakim , Lennartsson Markus , Birath Marcus , Nohlberg Marcus 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
Using authentication to secure data and accounts has grown to be a natural part of computing. Even if several authentication methods are in existence, using passwords remain the most common type of authentication. As long and complex passwords are encouraged by research studies and practitioners alike, computer users design passwords using strategies that enable them to remember their passwords. This paper aims to find strategies that allow for the generation of passwords that are both memorable and computationally secure.

Design/methodology/approach
The study began with a literature review that was used to identify cognitive password creation strategies that facilitate the creation of passwords that are easy to remember. Using an action-based approach, attack models were created for the resulting creation strategies. The attack models were then used to calculate the entropy for passwords created with different strategies and related to a theoretical cracking time.

Findings
The result of this study suggests that using phrases with four or more words as passwords will generate passwords that are easy to remember and hard to attack.

Originality/value
This paper considers passwords from a socio-technical approach and provides insight into how passwords that are easy to remember and hard to crack can be generated. The results can be directly used to create password guidelines and training material that enables users to create usable and secure passwords.
Postponement practices in the Brazilian Southeast wine sector
Authors: Ferreira Karine Araujo , Toledo Mylena Letícia , Rodrigues Lásara Fabrícia 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the application of the postponement strategy by wineries in the state of Minas Gerais (Southeastern Brazil), in order to identify the types of postponement adopted by these companies, the implementation process and the results obtained after their adoption.Design/methodology/approachTwelve exploratory case studies were conducted in wine-producing companies, as well as on-site visits and semi-structured interviews with the managers of the companies surveyed.FindingsThe adoption of form postponement was verified in the companies studied mainly for table wine production, occurring most commonly during the bottling and labeling stages.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper analyzed the application of the postponement strategy in Southeast Brazil. Future research should analyze the application of this strategy in other regions of the country and abroad.Practical implicationsThe information acquired in this research can contribute to a more adequate practical application of the postponement strategy in a little-known industry sector.Originality/valueIn addition to discussing and verifying the application of the postponement strategy in the wine industry, this research presents information to assist in its implementation, use and consolidation.
A poisoned Chalice: homophobia and codes of conduct
Authors: Poesche Jurgen 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of requirements for firms’ codes of conduct when addressing homophobia in the context of continued colonialism and coloniality.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a literature study.FindingsFirst, occidental firms’ codes of conduct are shown to endanger indigenous homosexual individuals by endangering the protection offered by their indigenous ethics and society. Second, it is shown that tackling homophobia in firms’ codes of conduct on the foundation of occidental ethics forces homosexual individuals to conform to occidental homosexual identities in a world of a multitude of indigenous and hybrid homosexualities and identities render firms’ codes of conduct expressions of continued colonialism and coloniality. Third, a sole reliance on occidental conceptualizations of homophobia is shown to potentially camouflage unethical nationalistic and xenophobic intents.Research limitations/implicationsAdditional research is needed on the dynamics of coexisting multiple indigenous homosexual identities, and reliable ways to determine the substance of indigenous homosexual identities need to be developed in the context of continued colonialism and coloniality.Practical implicationsFirms need to be cognizant of conflicting identities, hybrid identities and changing identities over time while avoiding to use purported protection against homophobia as a camouflage for nationalistic and xenophobic purposes.Social implicationsThe paper ways to address the protection against homophobia in firms' codes of conduct in the context of continued colonialism and coloniality.Originality/valueThis paper closes a gap in the literature by considering firms’ codes of conduct as favouring homophobia as a result of continued colonialism and coloniality.
Frugivore species maintain their structural role in the trophic and spatial networks of seed dispersal interactions
Authors: Rumeu Beatriz , Donoso Isabel , Rodríguez‐Pérez Javier , García Daniel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Trophic relationships have inherent spatial dimensions associated with the sites where species interactions, or their delayed effects, occur. Trophic networks among interacting species may thus be coupled with spatial networks linking species and habitats whereby animals connect patches across the landscape thanks to their high mobility. This trophic and spatial duality is especially inherent in processes like seed dispersal by animals, where frugivores consume fruit species and deposit seeds across habitats.

We analysed the frugivore–plant interactions and seed deposition patterns of a diverse assemblage of frugivores in a heterogeneous landscape in order to determine whether the roles of frugivores in network topology are correlated across trophic and spatial networks of seed dispersal.

We recorded fruit consumption and seed deposition by birds and mammals during 2 years in the Cantabrian Range (N Spain). We then constructed two networks of trophic (i.e. frugivore–plant) and spatial (i.e. frugivore–seed deposition habitat) interactions and estimated the contributions of each frugivore species to the network structure in terms of nestedness, modularity and complementary specialization. We tested whether the structural role of frugivore species was correlated across the trophic and spatial networks, and evaluated the influence of each frugivore abundance and body mass in that relationship.

Both the trophic and the spatial networks were modular and specialized. Trophic modules matched medium‐sized birds with fleshy‐fruited trees, and small bird and mammals with small‐fruit trees and shrubs. Spatial modules associated birds with woody canopies, and mammals with open habitats. Frugivore species maintained their structural role across the trophic and spatial networks of seed dispersal, even after accounting for frugivore abundance and body mass.

The modularity found in our system points to complementarity between birds and mammals in the seed dispersal process, a fact that may trigger landscape‐scale secondary succession. Our results open up the possibility of predicting the consumption pattern of a diverse frugivore community, and its ecological consequences, from the uneven distribution of fleshy‐fruit resources in the landscape.
Advances in Osteometric Sorting: Utilizing Diaphyseal CSG Properties for Lower Limb Skeletal Pair‐Matching
Authors: Bertsatos Andreas , Chovalopoulou Maria‐Eleni 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPair‐matching of bilateral elements is a major component of resolving commingled remains both in forensic and bioarchaeological contexts. This study presents a new method of osteometric pair‐matching of the lower limbs which relies on 3D digital models of the femur and tibia bones. The proposed method, which is accompanied by a freely available open‐source implementation, automatically computes a number of osteometric variables including cross‐sectional geometric properties from an assemblage of left and right bone antimeres and calculates probabilistically the appropriate matching pairs as well as single elements, whose bones antimere is not present in the given assemblage. The method has been extensively tested on a skeletal sample comprising 396 femurs and 422 tibias from the Athens collection. Our results in testing commingled assemblages with no disparity show that the method’s sensitivity is 1 for sorting femurs and 0.997 for sorting tibias, whereas in assemblages with moderate disparity the sensitivity is 0.999 and 0.992 respectively. Our results further indicate that sensitivity is unaffected by the size of the commingled assemblage although the percentage of identified true matching pairs drops as the number of commingled elements increases. This means that all identified antimeres matched to an individual are still very accurately sorted despite not every individual being identified in very large assemblages. The proposed method can facilitate the sorting process of commingled remains both accurately and efficiently, while leaving a very small percentage of unsorted elements that may require further techniques for further individualization.
In vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of Yerba Mate extract in colon cancer models
Authors: Garcia‐Lazaro Rocio S. , Lamdan Humberto , Caligiuri Lorena G. , Lorenzo Norailys , Berengeno Andrea L. , Ortega Hugo H. , Alonso Daniel F. , Farina Hernan G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractYerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill. Aquifoliaceae) is a native South American tree and has a large amount of bioactive compounds. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the so‐called westernized diseases and is the third most common cancer in both men and women. Efficient strategies for the treatment of CRC are extensively being explored including dietary intervention. The objective of our research was to evaluate the effects of Yerba Mate extract on cell proliferation, invasive capacity of tumor cells, and angiogenesis. For this, in vitro and in vivo experimentation was carried out using CRC models. The extract was generated by aqueous extraction and prepared according to traditional American procedure of preparing mate infusion. In vitro results showed that the Yerba Mate extract inhibits CT26 and COLO 205 cell proliferation with IC50 values of 0.25 and 0.46 mg/mL, respectively. We demonstrated by TUNEL assay that one of the mechanisms by which Yerba Mate extract decreases cell proliferation is by induction of apoptosis. In a murine syngeneic tumor model, oral administration of Yerba Mate extract in a dose of 1.6 g/kg/day significantly inhibited angiogenesis and tumor growth without affecting biological parameters or body weight. Our findings suggest that Yerba Mate may be a promising agent for the treatment of colon cancer and could be used as an herbal medicine or functional food ingredient.Practical ApplicationConsidering the chemical composition and presence of phenolic compounds with their free‐radical scavenging activities and bioactivities against colon cancer cells, Yerba Mate can be a promising candidate as healthy food sources in human nutrition, and also be considered a natural source of potential antitumor agents. Taking into account the economic importance of Yerba Mate in Argentina, this vegetable would have a greater commercial value as a functional food.
Adjunct therapies in treatment of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Goyal Itivrita , Sattar Alamgir , Johnson Megan , Dandona Paresh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn spite of developments with novel insulin preparations, novel modes of insulin delivery with insulin infusion pumps, and the facility of continuous glucose monitoring, only 20% of patients with type 1 diabetes are under adequate control. The need for innovation is clear, and, therefore, the use of adjunct therapies with other pharmacological agents currently in use for type 2 diabetes, has been tried. Currently, pramlintide is the only agent licensed for use in this condition in addition to insulin. Global trials have been conducted with liraglutide, a glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA), dapagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, and sotagliflozin, an inhibitor of both SGLT1 and SGLT2 transporters. While dapagliflozin and sotagliflozin have now been licensed for clinical use in this condition in Europe and Japan, they have hitherto not been licensed in the United States due to a small increase in the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis. However, these agents reduce glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by 0.4%, reduce glycemic oscillations, and do not increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Liraglutide, on the other hand, induced a smaller reduction in HbA1c and thus was not considered for a license. However, further trials are currently being conducted with a combination of semaglutide, the most potent GLP‐1RA, and dapagliflozin to determine whether this approach would yield better outcomes.
Fluorescence‐based detection of field targets using an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle system
Authors: Kaye Thomas G. , Pittman Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHere we describe a proof‐of‐concept autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system that utilizes the fluorescence characteristics unique to different materials to scan and acquire targets in the field that includes fossils, rocks and minerals, organisms and archaeological artefacts. This is possible because these targets are often highly fluorescent against lower fluorescence backgrounds and may exhibit different colours. To detect these targets from a moving UAV, we utilize laser‐stimulated fluorescence. This involves an intense laser beam that—unlike regular UV light—can project greater distances and generate sufficient fluorescence for targets to be detected on the UAV camera many metres above the ground.The system involves a lightweight UAV programmed to fly a waypoint pattern autonomously at night over the area of interest. LIDAR maintains its height above the terrain. A near‐UV laser is projected across the ground as a horizontal line directly below the UAV. Co‐mounted with the laser is a small highly sensitive video camera stabilized on a motion‐controlled gimbal that records the laser line during the flight. An intermittent, powerful white light strobe flashes during the flight to record the UAV's ground position in the scanned area. The UAV returns with the laser video at the end of each autonomous mission. This video is post‐processed, extracting the laser line data into a long continuous scan image showing the fluorescing ground targets.Initial analysis determines what colour the targets fluoresce so that a specific colour range can be extracted from the image to identify the locations of the detected targets. The white light strobe images are then used to quickly follow‐up on the detections.This system holds the promise of becoming the lowest ‘ground truth’ layer in the mix of high‐altitude map data produced by satellite‐ and airplane‐based Geographic Information Systems. With centimetre resolution and the geochemical differences shown via fluorescence, this system will increase the scale and efficiency of data collection involving fossils, rocks and minerals including mineable materials, fluorescent organisms including biogenic mineral producers like shellfish as well as archaeological artefacts. Thus, the fields of evolution, ecology, Earth and planetary science, archaeology and other subjects involving fluorescent targets would all benefit from this new system.
Hybrid resection of massive rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor using laparoscopic and transanal approaches
Authors: Nagakari Kodai , Matoba Shuichirou , Toda Shigeo , Maeda Yusuke , Ueno Masashi , Kuroyanagi Hiroya 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare, and radical surgery such as abdominoperineal resection is necessary for large rectal GISTs to obtain tumor‐free resection margins. Here, we describe a 77‐year‐old man with a locally advanced non‐metastatic GIST in the left anterolateral wall of the lower rectum. Tumor size was estimated to be 73 mm, and invasion of the left seminal vesicle and prostate was suspected. Chemotherapy with imatinib mesylate reduced the tumor size, creating a slight gap between the tumor and anterior organs. Therefore, we performed sphincter‐sparing partial rectal resection using a hybrid method of laparoscopic and transanal approaches. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient remains disease‐free on adjuvant chemotherapy 12 months after surgery. This case suggests that a hybrid method of laparoscopic and transanal surgery allows oncological and function‐preserving excision of large rectal GISTs.
Who’s afraid of perfectionist moral enhancement? A reply to Sparrow
Authors: Huang Pei‐hua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRobert Sparrow recently argued that state‐driven moral bioenhancement is morally problematic because it inevitably invites moral perfectionism. While sharing Sparrow’s worry about state‐driven moral bioenhancement, I argue that his anti‐perfectionism argument is too strong to offer useful normative guidance. That is, if we reject state‐driven moral bioenhancement because it cannot remain neutral between different conceptions of the good, we might have to conclude that all forms of moral enhancement programs ought not be made compulsory, including the least controversial and most popular state‐driven program: compulsory (moral) education. In this paper, I argue that, instead, the spirit of Sparrow’s worry should be recast in the language of the capability approach—an approach that strives to enhance people’s capabilities to develop their own conceptions of the good by restricting itself from endorsing thick conceptions of the good. The distinction made regarding thick and thin conceptions of the good helps to capture sentiments against state‐driven bioenhancement programs without falling prey to the issues I raise against Sparrow’s anti‐perfectionist arguments.
How mathematics anxiety affects students' inflexible perseverance in mathematics problem‐solving: Examining the mediating role of cognitive reflection
Authors: Jiang Ronghuan , Liu Ru‐de , Star Jon , Zhen Rui , Wang Jia , Hong Wei , Jiang Shuyang , Sun Yan , Fu Xinchen 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundToo many students persevere in relying upon one (sometimes suboptimal) strategy for solving a wide range of problems, even when they know more efficient strategies. Although many studies have mentioned such phenomena, few studies have examined how emotional factors could affect this type of inflexible perseverance in strategy use.AimsTo examine whether mathematics anxiety could affect students' inflexible perseverance in strategy use and whether this effect could be mediated by cognitive reflection, which is the ability to engage in deliberate reasoning.Sample and methodIn Study 1, 164 undergraduate students' (18–22 years) mathematics anxiety, cognitive reflection, and performance in overcoming inflexible perseverance were measured by a questionnaire battery. Structural equation models were used to examine the correlations between these variables. In Study 2, 98 undergraduate freshmen (17–18 years) were assigned to two groups, where one group's mathematics anxiety was temporarily induced by task instructions, while the other group served as a control group. Cognitive reflection and inflexible perseverance of the two groups were compared.ResultsStudy 1 showed that mathematics anxiety was negatively correlated with students' performance on overcoming inflexible perseverance, while cognitive reflection mediated such an effect. Study 2 showed that compared to the control group, the experimental group showed lower cognitive reflection, which led to lower performance in overcoming inflexible perseverance.ConclusionsMathematics anxiety was showed to impair students' ability to engage in deliberate reasoning and was associated with inflexible use of strategies. Alleviating students' mathematics anxiety should be considered when promoting students' strategic flexibility.
Fast effectiveness of a solubilized low‐dose budesonide nasal spray in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Zieglmayer Petra , Schmutz René , Lemell Patrick , Unger‐Manhart Nicole , Nakowitsch Sabine , Goessl Andreas , Savli Markus , Zieglmayer René , Prieschl‐Grassauer Eva 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundBudesonide, a poorly water‐soluble corticosteroid, is currently marketed as a suspension. Budesolv is a novel aqueous formulation containing dissolved budesonide showing increased local availability in preclinical models. Budesolv contains ~85% less corticosteroid than the marketed comparator.ObjectiveThe study (EudraCT:2018‐001324‐19) was designed to assess non‐inferiority of Budesolv compared to Rhinocort® Aqua 64 (RA) and early onset of action.MethodsIn a three‐way cross‐over double‐blinded randomized trial, Budesolv 10 was compared to RA and placebo in grass pollen allergic rhinoconjunctivitis volunteers (n = 83 (ITT); n = 75 (PP)). On day 1, participants entered the Vienna Challenge Chamber (VCC) for 6 hours; first treatment took place at 1:45 hours after entry. Participants treated themselves for further 6 days; on day 8, the last treatment was applied before entering the VCC. Subjective symptom scores, nasal airflow and nasal secretion were measured regularly during allergen challenge.ResultsBudesolv 10 was equally effective compared to RA with respect to TNSS and nasal airflow after eight days of treatment with a strongly reduced dose (more than 80% reduction). After first dose, only Budesolv 10 showed a significant reduction of nasal and respiratory symptoms starting 90 minutes (P < .05) and 15 minutes (P < .05) after application onwards, respectively, demonstrating an early onset of efficacy. A clinically significant 1 point reduction in nasal symptom score was reached at 195 minutes (P < .05) after application.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe novel preservative‐free, aqueous low‐dose budesonide formulation is highly efficacious even after an initial single treatment. Thus, Budesolv 10 appears to be an effective acute treatment for allergic rhinitis as well as for AR comorbidities like mild asthma and conjunctivitis.
How do biologicals and other novel therapies effect clinically used biomarkers in severe asthma?
Authors: Upham John W. , Jurak Lisa M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile there has been much interest in using biomarkers to select patients for particular targeted therapies, there has been much less attention paid to how these biomarkers change in patients once treatment begins. This is an area of great interest to practising clinicians, especially respiratory physicians and allergists who manage severe asthma. In this article, we review monoclonal antibodies and related targeted therapies, especially those that are currently available or in late stage clinical trials, focussing on the differential effects such agents have on biomarkers in widespread clinical practice such as eosinophils, FeNO and total IgE. Serial measurements of biomarkers can be useful in determining whether a particular targeted therapy is having its expected biological effect and invaluable in assessing the reasons for treatment failure should that occur.