bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le processus de construction du jugement évaluatif par les superviseurs de stage en enseignement
Authors: Maes Olivier , Colognesi Stéphane , Van Nieuwenhoven Catherine 
Published: January 2020

Dans le contexte de la formation initiale des enseignants en Belgique francophone, cet article s’intéresse aux stages, plus précisément à la construction du jugement évaluatif des superviseurs durant la coévaluation. Il a pour objectif d’analyser les jugements évaluatifs produits par les superviseurs afin d’identifier si ceux-ci respectent les caractéristiques du jugement professionnel en évaluation, plus particulièrement la singularité de la situation. Cette contribution vise alors à répondre aux deux questions suivantes : Le jugement évaluatif du superviseur respecte-t-il les caractéristiques du jugement professionnel en évaluation ? Dans quelle mesure la singularité de la situation influence-t-elle ce jugement évaluatif ? Pour ce faire, nous avons réalisé des entretiens individuels de huit superviseurs issus d’un même institut de formation. L’analyse du contenu appliquée aux données récoltées a permis de mettre en évidence les caractéristiques du jugement professionnel mis en oeuvre, mais aussi la manière dont les aspects singuliers relatifs au contexte de stage sont pris en compte dans la construction du jugement évaluatif.
Behavior of Foundations on Reinforced Sabkha Soil: A Numerical Study
Authors: Sadek Lamia , M. M. Bahloul Khaled 
Published: January 2020

The aim of this research is to investigate numerically the behavior of strip footings resting on Sabkha soil reinforced using two methods. Firstly, using a layer of compacted sand reinforced with random distributed fibers beneath footing. Secondly, using a layer of compacted sand reinforced with geogrids.
The benefit of mentioned two methods on the improvement of strip footings bearing capacity and decreasing the settlement was investigated using a finite element computer program Plaxis 2D ver. 8.6. It was found that using two methods increases bearing capacity of strip footings significantly specially using first method (fiber reinforced sand layer). It was observed also that the settlement decreased for the same stress values.
Imigração das Mulheres Latinas para o Brasil e o Mercado de Trabalho
Authors: Rodrigues Lavínia De Jesus 
Published: January 2020

<p><span>O referente artigo pretende apresentar, de modo breve, as motivações que levam à migração, tendo o trabalho como um dos principais motivos do deslocamento humano. Desta forma, o recorte a ser realizado vai ser o/a migrante da América Latina que procura o Brasil para melhorar a qualidade de vida, para isto, este/esta migrante quer ser inserido/a no mercado de trabalho, e acaba aceitando qualquer forma de trabalho devido ao medo de ser deportado, muitos destes/destas imigrantes estão vivendo de forma irregular no país. Esse é um dos motivos que leva o/a migrante a não denunciar a superexploração. O/a migrante sai dos seus países de origem fugindo de crises econômicas, perseguições políticas, ideológicas e culturais, se torna alvo vulnerável da exploração da força de trabalho. Esse artigo também vai abordar como a mulher migrante se tornou independente no processo migratório. As mulheres já passam de 50% do total dos imigrantes, elas têm o mesmo propósito dos homens que imigram, elas estão indo a procura de trabalho para que possam se manter no Brasil e ajudar a família que ficou no pais de origem. A pesquisa revela que os cargos ocupados por essas mulheres são relacionados ainda com os cuidados (idosos, de crianças, etc.), empregos domésticos e confecções de roupa. O artigo vai trazer exemplos de como vive o/a imigrante no país e que o Brasil não é bom receptor de imigrantes, ou seja, não possuem estruturas jurídicas, sociais e econômicas para propiciar os/as imigrantes recursos em que eles/elas possam se estabilizar ou ter um recomeço no seu novo local de origem. Atualmente o país vem recebendo grande contingente de venezuelanos/as, vamos, assim, apresentar nesse artigo, de forma sucinta, os motivos que estão levando essa população a se deslocar.</span></p>
Um homem negro de capuz: modos de enunciar a subjetividade negra na série Luke Cage
Authors: Miranda Danielle 
Published: January 2020

<p class="Normal1"><span>Percebendo as ausências que encontramos nas imagens audiovisuais das séries televisivas quando se tratam de subjetividades negras e acreditando na importância da emergência de novos conteúdos que avancem nesse sentido, o objetivo desse texto </span><span>é discutir os modos de visibilidade negra que estão sendo constituídos na série web televisiva <em>Luke Cage</em>, produzida pela parceria Marvel/Netflix. Interessa refletir sobre a atualização do super-herói negro Luke Cage em relação à sua origem nas histórias em quadrinhos dos anos 70. A análise permite reconhecer um herói que não usa máscaras ou capas, mas, sim, um signo político que marca os processos de estigmatização da população negra masculina: o uso do capuz ressignificado como marcador </span><span>da desumanização realizada pelos sistemas de opressão que condicionam certos grupos humanos a espaços limitados. Identificamos uma produção audiovisual em que a personagem protagonista é um homem negro, super-herói que constitui-se a partir de um contexto político e de tensões policiais com a população negra e suburbana dos Estados Unidos, e que celebra em seu enredo ícones da cultura negra. Defendemos, nesse sentido, a importância da atualização do que é dizível, pensável, sobre as subjetividades masculinas negras nas produções culturais, com maior abertura de visibilidades não estigmatizadas para a população negra.</span></p>
A liberdade é uma luta constante, de Angela Davis
Authors: Schneider Silvia Danielle 
Published: January 2020

<p>“A Liberdade é uma luta constante” é constituída por 10 capítulos, divididos entre entrevistas e discursos feitos por Davis, ao longo dos anos de 2013 a 2015. A autora discorreu sobre o racismo, sexismo, feminismo, violências, desvelando as estruturas sociais que atuam na manutenção destas categorias. A resenha apresenta e problematiza diversas questões abordadas por Davis, traçando paralelos com a atual conjuntura do Brasil.</p><p> </p>
Miradas múltiplas ao aborto legal no Uruguai contemporâneo
Authors: Carneiro Rosamaria Giatti 
Published: January 2020

<p>Este artigo se dispõe a refletir sobre o aborto legal no Uruguai, partindo de seu processo histórico e de sua prática contemporânea, recuperados e tecidos por múltiplos olhares. Olhares aqui a serem explorados e postos em relação, com o objetivo de se complexificar um fenômeno social para além das leis. Dessa maneira, o artigo contempla as perspectivas de feministas, divergentes entre si a depender da geração e foco de atenção, e de profissionais de saúde envolvidos com o reconhecimento do aborto legal no país. Por ser essa sua leitura, figura com uma importante leitura de umas das leis mais avançadas sobre aborto na América Latina, que acontece, entretanto, a partir de sua vida social e das bocas dos que acompanham esses processos em sua materialidade. Para tanto, recorre a pesquisa qualitativa de cunho etnográfico empreendida em Montevideo durante os meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2019. </p>
A dominância de membros interfere no equilíbrio de força muscular do joelho de corredores recreacionais?
Authors: Neves Murilo Pires , Conceição Cristiano Sena da , Gomes Neto Mansueto 
Published: January 2020

<p><strong>Introdução: </strong>cerca de 5% da população brasileira pratica corrida de rua, e a falta de preparo físico das pessoas para esse esporte contribui para o aumento no índice de lesões, sendo o joelho uma das articulações mais acometidas. Sabendo que os parâmetros musculares interferem diretamente no desempenho e que a destreza de membros pode suscitar inferências relativas ao aumento de força no membro dominante, torna-se importante avaliar a força e a relação de equilíbrio muscular do joelho destes atletas tanto no membro dominante quanto no contralateral. <strong>Objetivo: </strong>verificar o equilíbrio muscular dos extensores e flexores de joelho dominante e não dominante em corredores recreacionais. <strong>Metodologia: </strong>foram incluídos 111 indivíduos com idade entre 18 e 65 anos, de ambos os sexos, praticantes de corrida há pelo menos 4 meses contínuos, sem histórico de lesão nos últimos 3 meses. Os participantes foram entrevistados e encaminhados para a coleta da força muscular isocinética dos grupos extensor e flexor do joelho com protocolo de 60°/s, 180°/s e 300°/s. As variáveis de interesse estudadas foram: membro dominante, tempo de prática de corrida, torque máximo, trabalho total e potência. Foram calculados os Índices de Deficiência Muscular (IDM) sendo admitido como referencial de equilíbrio até 10% na diferença entre os membros. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Instituto de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal da Bahia, sob parecer de nº 2.621.166. <strong>Resultados: </strong>o IDM indicou que 54,1% dos extensores de joelho estavam equilibrados e que 55,9% dos flexores de joelho encontravam-se numa relação de desequilíbrio muscular. <strong>Conclusão: </strong>a dominância de membros não é um fator ligado ao desequilíbrio de forças no membro inferior. Este achado de desequilíbrio de força entre joelhos pode estar ligado à predisposição de lesão e deve orientar as equipes multiprofissionais de saúde a definir um trabalho preventivo de treinamento muscular e esportivo.<strong> </strong></p>
Effects of wakeful resting versus social media usage after learning on the retention of new memories
Authors: Martini Markus , Heinz Alexander , Hinterholzer Johanna , Martini Caroline , Sachse Pierre 
Published: January 2020

SummaryCommunication and information sharing via social media platforms is a common and popular activity. The majority of existing studies indicate that social media usage has detrimental effects on learning and memory. However, it is an open question as to whether social media usage affects memory even after learning. To test this, healthy young adults learned and immediately recalled a vocabulary list. Subsequent to recall, participants either wakefully rested for 8 min or used social media for 8 min. A delayed recall test took place after the wakeful resting condition and the social media condition and again after 1 day. Our results showed that social media usage, compared with wakeful resting, had detrimental effects on memory performance over both retention intervals. We assume that social media usage interfered with memory consolidation of learned vocabularies and suggest that learners opt for wakeful resting over social media usage as a learning‐break activity.
Rational Design of Spinel Cobalt Vanadate Oxide Co2VO4 for Superior Electrocatalysis
Authors: Mu Chuan , Mao Jing , Guo Jiaxin , Guo Qianjin , Li Zhiqing , Qin Wenjing , Hu Zhenpeng , Davey Kenneth , Ling Tao , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractElectrochemical energy devices, such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries, convert chemical energy directly into electricity without adverse environmental impact. Attractive alternatives to expensive noble metals used in these renewable energy technologies are earth‐abundant transition metal oxides. However, they are often limited by catalytic and conductive capabilities. Here reported is a spinel oxide, Co2VO4, by marrying metallic vanadium atomic chains with electroactive cobalt cations for superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)—a key process for fuel cells, metal–air batteries, etc. The experimental and simulated electron energy‐loss spectroscopy analyses reveal that Co2+ cations at the octahedral sites take the low spin state with one eg electron , favoring advantageous ORR energetics. Measurement of actual electrical conductivity confirms that Co2VO4 has several orders of magnitude increase when compared with benchmark cobalt oxides. As a result, a zinc–air battery with new spinel cobalt vanadate oxide as the ORR catalyst shows excellent performance, together with a record‐high discharge peak power density of 380 mW cm−2. Crucially, this is superior to state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C‐based device and is greatest among zinc–air batteries assembled with metal, metal oxide, and carbon catalysts. The findings present a new design strategy for highly active and conductive oxide materials for a wide range of electrocatalytic applications, including ORR, oxygen evolution, and hydrogen evolution reactions.
Optical Vacuum Sensor Based on Lanthanide Upconversion—Luminescence Thermometry as a Tool for Ultralow Pressure Sensing
Authors: Runowski Marcin , Woźny Przemysław , Lis Stefan , Lavín Víctor , Martín Inocencio R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCurrently the lowest optically determinable pressure values are around 102 bar, making the pressure below inaccessible for optical detection. This work shows for the first time how to overcome these limitations, and optically monitor the low pressure values in a vacuum region (from ≈10−5 to 10−2 bar), utilizing the light‐induced and pressure‐governed heating–cooling of the material. Herein, the well‐defined temperature dependency of the luminescence intensity ratio of the Er3+ thermally‐coupled levels (TCLs), is used to monitor the elevation of local temperature of the upconverting material (YVO4:Yb3+‐Er3+), induced by a NIR laser irradiation. The unprecedented enhancement (≈20 times) of the laser‐induced heating of the sample observed under vacuum conditions, is used to convert the luminescent thermometer into the remote vacuum sensor. The variations of pressure in the system are correlated with changes of the band intensity ratio (525/550 nm) of Er3+ TCLs, which are further applied for the remote, contactless vacuum sensing.
Recycled Utilization of a Nanoporous Au Electrode for Reduced Fabrication Cost of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Fengjiu , Liu Jinzhe , Lu Zheng , Dai Pengfei , Nakamura Tomoya , Wang Shenghao , Chen Luyang , Wakamiya Atsushi , Matsuda Kazunari 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) using metal electrodes have been regarded as promising candidates for next‐generation photovoltaic devices because of their high efficiency, low fabrication temperature, and low cost potential. However, the complicated and rigorous thermal deposition process of metal contact electrodes remains a challenging issue for reducing the energy pay‐back period in commercial PSCs, as the ubiquitous one‐time use of a contact electrode wastes limited resources and pollutes the environment. Here, a nanoporous Au film electrode fabricated by a simple dry transfer process is introduced to replace the thermally evaporated Au electrode in PSCs. A high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.0% is demonstrated in PSCs with the nanoporous Au film electrode. Moreover, the electrode is recycled more than 12 times to realize a further reduced fabrication cost of PSCs and noble metal materials consumption and to prevent environmental pollution. When the nanoporous Au electrode is applied to flexible PSCs, a PCE of 17.3% and superior bending durability of ≈98.5% after 1000 cycles of harsh bending tests are achieved. The nanoscale pores and the capability of the porous structure to impede crack generation and propagation enable the nanoporous Au electrode to be recycled and result in excellent bending durability.
Reconfigurable Magnetoresistive Sensor Based on Magnetoelectric Coupling
Authors: Su Wei , Wang Zhiguang , Chen Yicheng , Zhao Xinger , Hu Chaojie , Wen Tao , Hu Zhongqiang , Wu Jingen , Zhou Ziyao , Liu Ming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMeasurement of magnetic signal from an arbitrary direction is of vital importance for applications in magnetic navigation, space science, indoor positioning, and magnetic gesture recognition. However, magnetoresistive sensors, as vector magnetometers, are only suitable for detection of magnetic signals along the magnetic hard axis. Magnetoelectric coupling is introduced to control the magnetic anisotropy of a magnetoresistive pattern, realizing a 90° rotation of the magnetic hard axis and thus the sensing direction of the tunable sensor. The sensitivity along the initial magnetic easy axis can be enhanced 12.7‐fold while that along the initial hard axis can be depressed to be only 4.7% of the original value through magnetic anisotropy engineering. The tailorable directional sensitivity of the electric‐field reconfigurable sensor speaks to the strong potential of this system for practical applications requiring testing of localized magnetic fields, for example, magnetic diagnosis or biomagnetic characterization.
Construction of Defect‐Rich RhCu Nanotubes with Highly Active Rh3Cu1 Alloy Phase for Overall Water Splitting in All pH Values
Authors: Cao Dong , Xu Haoxiang , Cheng Daojian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe combination of precious metals with non‐noble metals is an effective way to develop highly efficient, stable, and low cost electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. Herein, RhCu nanotubes (NTs) with rich structural defects are successfully synthesized by a mixed‐solvent strategy, which display superior activity and excellent stability for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction in all pH values. In particular, it only needs 8, 12, and 57 mV to deliver the current density of 10 mA cm−2 for HER in alkaline, acidic, and neutral conditions, respectively. Experiments combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the exposure of a suitable composition of a highly active Rh3Cu1 alloy phase through acid etching is the key to improve electrocatalytic performance, since it weakens the adsorption free energy of atomic oxygen and hydrogen, as well as facilitating the dissociation of water molecules. In addition, the structural defects can also boost the catalytic performance because the adsorption of reactants can be largely enhanced. The results provide a simple method to prepare alloy NTs as highly efficient electrocatalysts for overall water splitting in all pH values.
Hole Transport Materials in Conventional Structural (n–i–p) Perovskite Solar Cells: From Past to the Future
Authors: Kim Guan‐Woo , Choi Hyuntae , Kim Minjun , Lee Junwoo , Son Sung Yun , Park Taiho 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWith the application of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites to liquid‐type solar cells, the unprecedented development of perovskite solar cells (Per‐SCs) has been boosted by the introduction of solid‐state hole transport materials (HTMs). The removal of liquid electrolyte has lead to improved efficiency and stability. Supported by high‐quality perovskite films, the certified efficiency of Per‐SCs has reached 25.2%. For Per‐SCs assembled in a conventional structure (n–i–p), the hole transport layer (HTL) plays an extra role in preventing the perovskite layer from external stimuli. In summary, the successful design and fabrication of the HTL must meet various requirements in terms of solubility, hole transport, recombination prevention, stability, and reproducibility, to name but a few. Many research strategies are focused on the development of high‐performance HTMs to meet such requirements. Such strategies for the development of HTMs employed in conventional n–i–p solar cells are reviewed herein. A vision of the future HTMs is proposed in this review based on the already proposed solutions and current trends.
High Permittivity CaCu3Ti4O12 Particle‐Induced Internal Polarization Amplification for High Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Kim Jihye , Ryu Hanjun , Lee Jeong Hwan , Khan Usman , Kwak Sung Soo , Yoon Hong‐Joon , Kim Sang‐Woo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHere, a composite material based on the butylated melamine formaldehyde (BMF) and high permittivity CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) particles as a triboelectric dielectric material for stable high output triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is proposed. CCTO particles, which have the high permittivity of 7500, can potentially result in the formation of strong internal polarization into the dielectric material under the electric field from triboelectric charges. As a consequence, the charge induction on the bottom electrode is enhanced thereby increasing the triboelectric output performance. A rotation‐type freestanding mode TENG based on BMF–CCTO 1 wt% composite material demonstrates high performance power output of a root‐mean‐square voltage and current density with 268 V and 25.8 mA m−2, respectively. The strategy of incorporating the high permittivity CCTO particles can be universally applied to any triboelectric polymer matrix in order to enhance the output performance of TENGs.
Ecofriendly Chemical Activation of Overlithiated Layered Oxides by DNA‐Wrapped Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Kim Ju‐Myung , Park Jae‐Ho , Jo Eunmi , Kim Hyung‐Seok , Kim Seung‐Hyeok , Chang Wonyoung , Chung Kyung Yoon , Lee Sang‐Young 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite their exceptionally high capacity, overlithiated layered oxides (OLO) have not yet been practically used in lithium‐ion battery cathodes due to necessary toxic/complex chemical activation processes and unsatisfactory electrochemical reliability. Here, a new class of ecofriendly chemical activation strategy based on amphiphilic deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA)‐wrapped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) is demonstrated. Hydrophobic aromatic bases of DNA have a good affinity for MWCNT via noncovalent π–π stacking interactions, resulting in core (MWCNT)‐shell (DNA) hybrids (i.e., DNA@MWCNT) featuring the predominant presence of hydrophilic phosphate groups (coupled with Na+) in their outmost layers. Such spatially rearranged Na+–phosphate complexes of the DNA@MWCNT efficiently extract Li+ from monoclinic Li2MnO3 of the OLO through cation exchange reaction of Na+–Li+, thereby forming Li4Mn5O12‐type spinel nanolayers on the OLO surface. The newly formed spinel nanolayers play a crucial role in improving the structural stability of the OLO and suppressing interfacial side reactions with liquid electrolytes, eventually providing significant improvements in the charge/discharge kinetics, cyclability, and thermal stability. This beneficial effect of the DNA@MWCNT‐mediated chemical activation is comprehensively elucidated by an in‐depth structural/electrochemical characterization.
Tribovoltaic Effect on Metal–Semiconductor Interface for Direct‐Current Low‐Impedance Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Jiang Dongdong , Zhao Junqing , Liu Guoxu , Bu Tianzhao , Zhang Chi , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a new energy technology that is enabled by coupled contact electrification and electrostatic induction. The conventional TENGs are usually based on organic polymer insulator materials, which have the limitations and disadvantages of high impedance and alternating output current. Here, a tribovoltaic effect based metal–semiconductor direct‐current triboelectric nanogenerator (MSDC‐TENG) is reported. The tribovoltaic effect is facilitated by direct voltage and current by rubbing a metal/semiconductor on another semiconductor. The frictional energy released by the forming atomic bonds excites nonequilibrium carriers, which are directionally separated to form a current under the built‐in electric field. The continuous average open‐circuit voltage (10–20 mV), short‐circuit direct‐current output (10–20 µA), and low impedance characteristic (0.55–5 kΩ) of the MSDC‐TENG can be observed during relative sliding of the metal and silicon. The working parameters are systematically studied for electric output and impedance characteristics. The results reveal that faster velocity, larger pressure, and smaller area can improve the maximum power density. The internal resistance is mainly determined by the velocity and the electrical resistance of semiconductor. This work not only expands the material candidates of TENGs from organic polymers to semiconductors, but also demonstrates a tribovoltaic effect based electric energy conversion mechanism.