bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation on Solar Wind Parameters and Total Electron Content Over Middle‐ to Low‐Latitude Regions During Intense Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Mishra Roshan Kumar , Adhikari Binod , Chapagain Narayan Prasad , Baral Rabin , Das Priyanka Kumari , Klausner Virginia , Sharma Manisha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStreams of the particle ejected from the Sun and the extreme space weather conditions like storms, high‐speed streamers (HSSs), interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), corotating interaction regions (CIRs), and interplanetary shocks (IS) termed as geomagnetic storms have massive influence in the climate and components of the Earth's upper atmosphere such as total electron content (TEC). The study of TEC helps to understand variations in ionospheric electron density during geomagnetic storms. Global ionospheric maps of TEC are a real‐time mapping of GPS observations produced by ground‐based stations. In this paper, we have analyzed three intense geomagnetic storms of the year 2015: during 16–21 March 2015 (the St. Patrick's Day storm), 21–24 June 2015, and 18–22 December 2015. We present the variations of IMF‐Bz, solar wind parameters (Vsw, Nsw, and Psw), and geomagnetic indices (AE and SYM‐H) and the variations of vertical total electron content (VTEC) using simultaneous VTEC data from 12 GPS‐TEC stations over the Indian, Australian, Brazilian, and South African regions. We describe contrast in TEC throughout the globe using global ionospheric maps at a regular 2 hr interval of UT during the three intense geomagnetic storms. Moreover, we observed that heavily TEC‐influenced areas were found to be transposing through the equatorial plane starting from eastern sectors to the western sectors. The Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and South Pacific Ocean sectors were affected flowingly. Global ionospheric maps evince that Indian and Brazilian sectors were affected heavily explaining the traveling ionospheric disturbances (TID) and equatorial anomaly as seen in those areas. The equatorial and low‐latitude regions have been mainly affected by geomagnetic storms. All these results suggested that the acute disruption of global winds (surging toward the equator from higher latitudes) and electric fields commenced from magnetosphere‐ionosphere interaction causing the severe modification in the equatorial, low‐latitude region. We also checked the cross correlation of VTEC of LCK3 station and various other stations during the period of high solar and geomagnetic activities; the correlation gradually increased with the nearby stations by latitudes in most of the cases which was another intriguing result. Thus, these results suggested that the storms were affected globally, which is why we believe that variation of TEC over various stations of the globe could turn out to be very helpful in predicting solar wind coupling with the magnetosphere‐ionosphere.
miR-34c-3p targets CDK1 a synthetic lethality partner of KRAS in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Palma Francesco , Affinito Alessandra , Nuzzo Silvia , Roscigno Giuseppina , Scognamiglio Iolanda , Ingenito Francesco , Martinez Lola , Franzese Monica , Zanfardino Mario , Soricelli Andrea , Fiorelli Alfonso , Condorelli Gerolama , Quintavalle Cristina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLung cancer is still the leading cause of death by cancer worldwide despite advances both in its detection and therapy. Multiple oncogenic driver alterations have been discovered, opening the prospective for new potential therapeutic targets. Among them, KRAS mutations represent the most frequent oncogene aberrations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with a negative prognostic impact, but effective therapies targeting KRAS are not well characterized yet. Here, we demonstrate that the microRNA miR-34c-3p is a positive prognostic factor in KRAS-mutated NSCLC patients. Firstly, looking at the TGCA dataset, we found that high miR-34c-3p expression correlated with longer survival of KRAS-mutated NSCLC patients. In vitro assays on immortalized and patient-derived primary NSCLC cells revealed that miR-34c-3p overexpression increased apoptosis and lowered proliferation rate in KRASmut cells. Computational analysis and in vitro assays identified CDK1, one of the most promising lethal targets for KRAS-mutant cancer, as a target of miR-34c-3p. Moreover, the combination of CDK1 inhibition (mediated by RO3306) and miR-34c-3p overexpression resulted in an additive effect on the viability of KRASmut-expressing cells. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that miR-34c-3p is a novel biomarker that may allow tailored treatment for KRAS-mutated NSCLC patients.
Disentangling source of moisture driving glacier dynamics and identification of 8.2 ka event: evidence from pore water isotopes, Western Himalaya
Authors: Kumar Om , Ramanathan A. L. , Bakke Jostein , Kotlia B. S. , Shrivastava J. P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTwo atmospheric circulation patterns, the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and mid-latitude Westerlies control precipitation and thus glacier variability in the Himalaya. However, the role of the ISM and westerlies in controlling climate and thus past glacier variability in the Himalaya is poorly understood because of the paucity of the ice core records. In this article, we present a new Holocene paleorecord disentangling the presence of the ISM and mid-latitude westerlies and their effect on glacier fluctuations during the Holocene. Our new record is based on high-resolution multi-proxy analyses (δ18Oporewater, deuterium-excess, grain size analysis, permeability, and environmental magnetism) of lake sediments retrieved from Chandratal Lake, Western Himalaya. Our study provides new evidence that improves the current understanding of the forcing factor behind glacier advances and retreat in the Western Himalaya and identifies the 8.2 ka cold event using the aforementioned proxies. The results indicate that the ISM dominated precipitation ~ 21% of the time, whereas the mid-latitude westerlies dominated precipitation ~ 79% of the time during the last 11 ka cal BP. This is the first study that portrays the moisture sources by using the above proxies from the Himalayan region as an alternative of ice core records.
Discovery of deep-water coral frameworks in the northern Red Sea waters of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Qurban Mohammad A. , Krishnakumar Periyadan K. , Joydas Thadickal V. , Manikandan Karuppasamy P. , Ashraf T. T. M. , Sampath Goutham , Thiyagarajan Duraisamy , He Song , Cairns Stephen D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper reports a deep-water coral framework (a single colonial bush or a larger bioconstruction of coral covering the sea bottom), formed entirely by the scleractinian coral Eguchipsammia fistula (Alcock, 1902) (Dendrophylliidae), in the northern Red Sea waters of Saudi Arabia at a depth of about 640 m. The framework consists of mostly live corals with a total area of about 10 m2 and the length of the individual coral branches range from 12 to 30 cm. Although E. fistula is ubiquitous, this discovery is the second record of a framework formed by this species and the first discovery of a large living reef in the Red Sea. The results of the genetic study indicate the potential existence of a genetic variation of E. fistula in the Red Sea. This discovery implies that the Red Sea has favorable habitats for framework-forming DWC species and highlights the need for conducting more systematic surveys for understanding their distribution, abundance, and ecology.
Effects of straw mulching practices on soil nematode communities under walnut plantation
Authors: Song Dagang , Tariq Akash , Pan Kaiwen , Chen Wenkai , Zhang Aiping , Sun Xiaoming , Ran Yi , Zeng Fanjiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAgricultural management techniques such as mulching with crop straw can impact soil properties and may in turn change the structure and function of the soil food web. We investigated different straw mulching types and straw mulching coverage levels on soil nematodes community structure in walnut orchards. We set up a randomized experimental design with three straw mulch types, and three straw mulch distance treatments in a walnut plantation. The results indicated that the number of soil nematodes after straw mulching was lower than that found in the control (CK). However, the metabolic and structure footprints of the omnivore-predator nematodes showed higher values as compared to CK. The abundances of plant parasite and omnivore-predator nematodes were negatively correlated with ammonium nitrogen (NH4+–N) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), whereas soil moisture content (SM) had a negative correlation with the abundance of total nematodes. High structure index (SI), maturity index (MI) and low enrichment index (EI) values revealed a structured soil food web, medium soil enrichment, and fungal decomposition channel under themix strawmulching treatments. Soil nematodes should be used as an indicator of soil functional changes resulting from straw mulching.
Association between the combined effects ofGSTM1present/null andCYP1A1MspI polymorphisms with lung cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Wen-Ping , He Xiao-Feng , Ye Xiang-Hua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground: Many studies have been performed to explore the combined effects of glutathione-S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) present/null and cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) MspI polymorphisms with lung cancer (LC) risk, but the results are contradictory. Two previous meta-analyses have been reported on the issue in 2011 and 2014. However, several new articles since then have been published. In addition, their meta-analyses did not valuate the credibility of significantly positive results.Objectives: We performed an updated meta-analysis to solve the controversy following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Methods: False-positive report probability (FPRP), Bayesian false discovery probability (BFDP), and the Venice criteria were used to verify the credibility of meta-analyses.Results: Twenty-three publications including 5734 LC cases and 7066 controls met the inclusion criteria in the present study. A significantly increased risk of LC was found in overall analysis, Asians and Indians. However, all positive results were considered as ‘less-credible’ when we used the Venice criteria, FPRP, and BFDP test to assess the credibility of the positive results.Conclusion: These positive findings should be interpreted with caution and results indicate that significant associations may be less-credible, there are no significantly increased LC risk between the combined effects of GSTM1 present/null and CYP1A1 MspI polymorphisms.
Experiences With and Lessons Learned From Developing, Implementing, and Evaluating a Support Program for Older Hearing Aid Users and Their Communication Partners in the Hearing Aid Dispensing Setting
Authors: Meijerink Janine F. J. , Pronk Marieke , Kramer Sophia E. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
The SUpport PRogram (SUPR) study was carried out in the context of a private academic partnership and is the first study to evaluate the long-term effects of a communication program (SUPR) for older hearing aid users and their communication partners on a large scale in a hearing aid dispensing setting. The purpose of this research note is to reflect on the lessons that we learned during the different development, implementation, and evaluation phases of the SUPR project.

Procedure
This research note describes the procedures that were followed during the different phases of the SUPR project and provides a critical discussion to describe the strengths and weaknesses of the approach taken.

Conclusion
This research note might provide researchers and intervention developers with useful insights as to how aural rehabilitation interventions, such as the SUPR, can be developed by incorporating the needs of the different stakeholders, evaluated by using a robust research design (including a large sample size and a longer term follow-up assessment), and implemented widely by collaborating with a private partner (hearing aid dispensing practice chain).
The Content and Quality of Information About Hyperacusis Presented Online
Authors: Smith Sandra N. , Smallwood Ethan , Sereda Magdalena , Adams Bethany , Hoare Derek J. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
Hyperacusis is a disorder characterized by reduced sound tolerance leading to ear pain, emotional distress, and reduced quality of life. Many people with hyperacusis turn to the Internet for information and support from online communities to discuss their condition. The purpose of this study was to assess the content and quality of hyperacusis information presented online.

Method

The three most used Internet search engines were used to identify relevant websites using the single search term
hyperacusis
. Fifteen websites were selected for analysis. Details of the purpose, audience, and content of each website were extracted using a bespoke data extraction form. The quality of the information on each website was rated using the validated DISCERN questionnaire.

Results
There was a wide disparity in the quality and content of hyperacusis information across websites. The website Hyperacusis Focus achieved the highest overall DISCERN score. Hyperacusis Focus and U.K. National Health Service websites were the most comprehensive online resources for health care professionals and patients, respectively. Wikipedia was judged useful for both health care professionals and patients. In general, hyperacusis-related information was accurate. However, no single website provided a complete account of hyperacusis, and some were judged to be selective in the information they provided.

Conclusions
The Internet provides an important source of information for those who have hyperacusis and those who care for them. Revisions to the websites reviewed here are needed for each to provide a complete account of hyperacusis.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12869717
Evaluation of Hearing Aids in Everyday Life Using Ecological Momentary Assessment: What Situations Are We Missing?
Authors: Schinkel-Bielefeld Nadja , Kunz Patricia , Zutz Anja , Buder Bastian 
Published: September 2020

Background
Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a method to evaluate hearing aids in everyday life that uses repeated smartphone-based questionnaires to assess a situation as it happens. Although being ecologically valid and avoiding memory bias, this method may be prone to selection biases due to questionnaires being skipped or the phone not being carried along in certain situations.

Purpose
This investigation analyzed which situations are underrepresented in questionnaire responses and physically measured objective EMA data (e.g., sound level), and how such underrepresentation may depend on different triggers.

Method
In an EMA study, 20 subjects with hearing impairment provided daily information on reasons for missed data, that is, skipped questionnaires or missing connections between their phone and hearing aids.

Results
Participants often deliberately did not bring the study phone to social situations or skipped questionnaires because they considered it inappropriate, for example, during church service or when engaging in conversation. They answered fewer questions in conversations with multiple partners and were more likely to postpone questionnaires when not in quiet environments.

Conclusion
Data for social situations will likely be underrepresented in EMA. However, these situations are particularly important for the evaluation of hearing aids, as individuals with hearing impairment often have difficulties communicating in noisy situations. Thus, it is vital to optimize the design of the study to find a balance between avoiding memory bias and enabling subjects to report retrospectively on situations where phone usage may be difficult. The implications for several applications of EMA are discussed.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12746849
A Framework of Motoric Complexity: An Investigation in Children With Typical and Impaired Speech Development
Authors: Case Julie , Grigos Maria I. 
Published: September 2020

Introduction
The current work presents a framework of motoric complexity where stimuli differ according to movement elements across a sound sequence (i.e., consonant transitions and vowel direction). This framework was then examined in children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), other speech sound disorders (SSDs), and typical development (TD).

Method

Twenty-four children (CAS,
n
= 8; SSD,
n
= 8; TD,
n
= 8), 5–6 years of age, participated in this study. The children produced words that varied in motoric complexity while transcription, acoustic, and kinematic data were collected. Multidimensional analyses were conducted to examine speech production accuracy, speech motor variability, and temporal control.

Results
Analyses revealed poorer accuracy, longer movement duration, and greater speech motor variability in children with CAS than TD (across all measures) and other SSDs (accuracy and variability). All children demonstrated greater speech motor variability and longer duration as movement demands increased within the framework of motoric complexity. Diagnostic grouping did not mediate performance on this task.

Conclusions
Results of this study are believed to reveal gradations of complexity with increasing movement demands, thereby supporting the proposed framework of motoric complexity. This work also supports the importance of considering motoric properties of sound sequences when evaluating speech production skills and designing experimental and treatment stimuli.
β Cas: The first δ Scuti star with a dynamo magnetic field
Authors: Zwintz K. , Neiner C. , Kochukhov O. , Ryabchikova T. , Pigulski A. , Müllner M. , Steindl T. , Kuschnig R. , Handler G. , Moffat A. F. J. , Pablo H. , Popowicz A. , Wade G. A. 
Published: September 2020

Context. F-type stars are characterised by several physical processes such as different pulsation mechanisms, rotation, convection, diffusion, and magnetic fields. The rapidly rotating δ Scuti star β Cas can be considered as a benchmark star to study the interaction of several of these effects.
Aims. We investigate the pulsational and magnetic field properties of β Cas. We also determine the star’s apparent fundamental parameters and chemical abundances.
Methods. Based on photometric time series obtained from three different space missions (BRITE-Constellation, SMEI, and TESS), we conduct a frequency analysis and investigate the stability of the pulsation amplitudes over four years of observations. We investigate the presence of a magnetic field and its properties using spectropolarimetric observations taken with the Narval instrument by applying the least-squares deconvolution and Zeeman-Doppler imaging techniques.
Results. The star β Cas shows only three independent p-mode frequencies down to the few ppm-level; its highest amplitude frequency is suggested to be an n = 3, ℓ = 2, m = 0 mode. Its magnetic field structure is quite complex and almost certainly of a dynamo origin. The atmosphere of β Cas is slightly deficient in iron peak elements and slightly overabundant in C, O, and heavier elements.
Conclusions. Atypically for δ Scuti stars, we can only detect three pulsation modes down to exceptionally low noise levels for β Cas. The star is also one of very few δ Scuti pulsators known to date to show a measurable magnetic field and the first δ Scuti star with a dynamo magnetic field. These characteristics make β Cas an interesting target for future studies of dynamo processes in the thin convective envelopes of F-type stars, the transition region between fossil and dynamo fields, and the interaction between pulsations and magnetic field.
Hot Exoplanet Atmospheres Resolved with Transit Spectroscopy (HEARTS)
Authors: Hoeijmakers H. J. , Seidel J. V. , Pino L. , Kitzmann D. , Sindel J. P. , Ehrenreich D. , Oza A. V. , Bourrier V. , Allart R. , Gebek A. , Lovis C. , Yurchenko S. N. , Astudillo-Defru N. , Bayliss D. , Cegla H. , Lavie B. , Lendl M. , Melo C. , Murgas F. , Nascimbeni V. , Pepe F. , Ségransan D. , Udry S. , Wyttenbach A. , Heng K. 
Published: September 2020

Context.WASP-121 b is a hot Jupiter that was recently found to possess rich emission (day side) and transmission (limb) spectra, suggestive of the presence of a multitude of chemical species in the atmosphere.Aims.We survey the transmission spectrum of WASP-121 b for line-absorption by metals and molecules at high spectral resolution and elaborate on existing interpretations of the optical transmission spectrum observed with theHubbleSpace Telescope (HST).Methods.We applied the cross-correlation technique and direct differential spectroscopy to search for sodium and other neutral and ionised atoms, TiO, VO, and SH in high-resolution transit spectra obtained with the HARPS spectrograph. We injected models assuming chemical and hydrostatic equilibrium with a varying temperature and composition to enable model comparison, and employed two bootstrap methods to test the robustness of our detections.Results.We detect neutral Mg, Na, Ca, Cr, Fe, Ni, and V, which we predict exists in equilibrium with a significant quantity of VO, supporting earlier observations by HST/WFC3. Non-detections of Ti and TiO support the hypothesis that Ti is depleted via a cold-trap mechanism, as has been proposed in the literature. Atomic line depths are under-predicted by hydrostatic models by a factor of 1.5 to 8, confirming recent findings that the atmosphere is extended. We predict the existence of significant concentrations of gas-phase TiO2, VO2, and TiS, which could be important absorbers at optical and near-IR wavelengths in hot Jupiter atmospheres. However, accurate line-list data are not currently available for them. We find no evidence for absorption by SH and find that inflated atomic lines can plausibly explain the slope of the transmission spectrum observed in the near-ultraviolet with HST. The Na ID lines are significantly broadened (FWHM~50 to 70 km s−1) and show a difference in their respective depths of ~15 scale heights, which is not expected from isothermal hydrostatic theory. If this asymmetry is of astrophysical origin, it may indicate that Na Iforms an optically thin envelope, reminiscent of the Na Icloud surrounding Jupiter, or that it is hydrodynamically outflowing.
Sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir for patients with failure of previous direct-acting antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C: Results from the German Hepatitis C-Registry (DHC-R)
Authors: Wedemeyer Heiner , Vermehren Johannes , Serfert Yvonne , Cornberg Markus , Stoehr Albrecht , Klinker Hartwig , Simon Karl-Georg , Teuber Gerlinde , Deterding Katja , Schulze zur Wiesch Julian , Jung Maria-Christina , Manns Michael P. , Zeuzem Stefan , Sarrazin Christoph 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite the high effectiveness of direct-acting antivirals for the treatment of hepatitis C, a small proportion of patients do not respond to approved regimens. The combination regimen of SOF/VEL/VOX was recently approved for patients with failure to prior NS5A-based treatment. In this German real-world cohort including patients with cirrhosis (27.3 %) and previous decompensation events, 12 weeks of SOF/VEL/VOX resulted in high virologic response rates irrespective of disease severity and prior DAA regimen. Adverse events were mostly mild or moderate and comparable to those seen in the approval studies.