bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metastatic hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in CDK 4/6 era
Authors: Lakkavalli Rajeev Krishnappa , Pehalajani Jitendra Kumar , Tirumala Venkatesh , Babu Govind K. , Loknatha Dassappa , Jacob Linu Abraham , Babu Suresh M. C. , Rudresha A. H. , Kadabur Lokesh Nagendrappa , Saldanha Smitha C. , Giri G. V. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
The treatment landscape of metastatic hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer has been changed in recent years. Availability of CDK 4/6 inhibitor and other hormone therapy has changed the treatment algorithm for these patient, we retrospectively analyzed our metastatic HR positive breast cancer patients.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the case records of hr positive metastatic breast cancer patient treated at department of medical oncology from October 2016 to September 2018. Demographical characteristics, site of metastasis, objective response and clinical benefit response and toxicity profile were analyzed.

Results:
We treated a total of 178 patients of MBC with HT at our center during the study period. One hundred fifty-two patients received HT alone (control group) and 26 patients received HT and CDK 4/6 inhibitor (study group). The median age of patients was 56 and 58 years in the control group and study group. The ORR was 41.7 versus 57.9 (95% CI [1.01–2.56]), and the CBR was 66.1% versus 78.9%; (CI [1.18–3.56]) (P < 0.05) of the patients in control and study groups, respectively.

Conclusions:
Among patients with HR-positive, advanced breast cancer, hormone therapy is efficacious addition of CDK 4/6 inhibitor improve the efficacy with tolerable side effects.
Development of a biking index for measuring Mediterranean cities mobility
Authors: Ros-McDonnell L. , De-la-Fuente M.V. , Ros-McDonnell D. , Cardós M. 
Published: January 2020

<p>The European Union, its member states and local authorities have been working for long time on the design of solutions for future sustainable mobility. The promotion of a sustainable and affordable urban transport contemplates the bicycle as a mean of transport. The reasons for analysing the cycling mobility in urban areas, has its origin in the confrontation with motorized vehicles, as a sustainable response to the environment. In this context of sustainable mobility, the research team has studied the use of bicycles in Mediterranean cities, specifically in coastal tourist areas. The present work shows the development of a mobility index oriented to the bicycle, transport that competes with the private vehicle. By means of a survey methodology, the research group proceeded to collect field data and the subsequent analysis of them, for the development of a mobility index adapted to bicycle mobility, and with possibilities to adapt to urban environments.</p>
In vitro and in vivo assessment of biocompatibility of AZ31 alloy as biliary stents: a preclinical approach
Authors: Song Yong , Qin Gaoping , Du Lixue , Hu Haitian , Han Yong 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionBiomaterial technology due to its lack of or minimal side effects in tissues has great potential. Traditionally biomaterials used were cobalt-chromium, stainless steel and nitinol alloys. Biomaterials such as magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) have good biocompatibility and consequently can be a potential material for medical implants. To date, the effects of AZ31 alloy stent on cell apoptosis are still unclear. The current investigation was designed to determine the effect of AZ31 alloy stent on necrosis and apoptosis of common bile duct (CBD) epithelial cells.Material and methodsWe experimented with application of different concentrations of AZ31 alloy stent to primary mouse extrahepatic bile epithelial cells (MEBECs) and estimated the effect on apoptosis and necrotic cells. Apoptosis and pro-apoptosis expression were estimated through real-time PCR. For in vivo protocol, we used rabbits, implanted the AZ31 bile stent, and estimated its effect on the CBD. AZ31 (40%) concentration showed an effect on the apoptotic and necrotic cells.ResultsReal-time PCR revealed that AZ31 (40%) concentration increased the apoptotic genes such as NF-κB, caspase-3, Bax and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio as compared to the control group. In the in vivo experiment, AZ31 alloy stents were implanted into the CBD and showed an effect on the alteration the hema¬tological, hepatic and non-hepatic parameters.ConclusionsTo conclude, it can be stated that AZ31 induces apoptosis via alteration in genes including nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), caspase-3, Bax and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and improved the hematological, hepatic and non-hepatic parameters.
NOBLE GASES FINGERPRINT THE SOURCE AND EVOLUTION OF ORE-FORMING FLUIDS OF CARLIN-TYPE GOLD DEPOSITS IN THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE, SOUTH CHINA
Authors: Jin Xiao-Ye , Hofstra Albert H. , Hunt Andrew G. , Liu Jian-Zhong , Yang Wu , Li Jian-Wei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Precise constraints on the source and evolution of ore-forming fluids of Carlin-type gold deposits in the Golden Triangle (south China) are of critical importance for a better understanding of the ore genesis and a refined genetic model for gold mineralization. However, constraints on the source of ore fluid components have long been a challenge due to the very fine grained nature of the ore and gangue minerals in the deposits. Here we present He, Ne, and Ar isotope data of fluid inclusion extracts from a variety of ore and gangue minerals (arsenian pyrite, realgar, quartz, calcite, and fluorite) representing the main and late ore stages of three well-characterized major gold deposits (Shuiyindong, Nibao, and Yata) to provide significant new insights into the source and evolution of ore-forming fluids of this important gold province. Measured He isotopes have R/RA ratios ranging from 0.01 to 0.4 that suggest a maximum of 5% mantle helium with an R/RA of 8. The Ne and Ar isotope compositions are broadly comparable to air-saturated water, with a few analyses indicating the presence of an external fluid containing nucleogenic 38Ar and radiogenic 40Ar. Plotted on the 20Ne/4He vs. helium R/RA and 3He/20Ne vs. 4He/20Ne diagrams, the results define two distinct arrays that emanate from a common sedimentary pore fluid or deeply sourced metamorphic fluid end-member containing crustal He. The main ore-stage fluids are interpreted as a mixture of magmatic fluid containing mantle He and sedimentary pore fluid or deeply sourced metamorphic fluid with predominantly crustal He, whereas the late ore-stage fluids are a mixture of sedimentary pore fluid or deeply sourced metamorphic fluid bearing crustal He and shallow meteoric groundwater containing atmospheric He. Results presented here, when combined with independent evidence, support a magmatic origin for the ore-forming fluids. The ascending magmatic fluid mixed with sedimentary pore fluid or deeply sourced metamorphic fluid in the ore stage and subsequently mixed with the meteoric groundwater in the late ore stage, eventually producing the Carlin-type gold deposits in the Golden Triangle.
A Microscale Analysis of Hydrothermal Epidote: Implications for the Use of Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry Mineral Chemistry in Complex Alteration Environments
Authors: Ahmed Ayesha D. , Fisher Louise , Pearce Mark , Escolme Angela , Cooke David R. , Howard Daryl , Belousov Ivan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
High-resolution, quantitative imaging of epidote from the Ann Mason fault block, Yerington district, Nevada, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has revealed at least two types of epidote (type 1 and type 2), each with different major and trace element chemistry. Type 1 epidote is coarser grained, typically greater than 50 μm in diameter, and forms euhedral crystals that display twins and sector zones enriched in Fe, Sr, and Mn. Type 2 epidote is finer grained, typically less than 30 μm in diameter, irregularly zoned with respect to Fe and Al, and forms polycrystalline aggregates that include void space.
Two sources of intragranular compositional variability are defined in this study—one related to different generations of epidote only visible on the microscale, and the other related to crystallographic features such as sector zones and twins. Intragranular compositional variations within Yerington epidotes highlight the potential importance of detailed sample characterization in complex alteration environments prior to undertaking mineral chemistry studies in the context of resource exploration. Based on statistical analysis of LA-ICP-MS spot data from one sample, the optimal number of spot analyses to adequately represent the range in element concentrations within zoned or twinned crystals is determined to be at least 40.
2019/42 Discrimination because of a perceived disability is unlawful (UK)
Authors: Carney Bethan 
Published: January 2020

2019/42 Discrimination because of a perceived disability is unlawful (UK)
The Court of Appeal (CA) has ruled that it was unlawful to discriminate against an employee because of a mistaken perception that she had a progressive condition which would make her unable to perform the full functions of the role in future.
Age and Marital Status as Predictors of Undergraduate Students’ Academic Achievement in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria
Authors: Anyamene A. , I. Akunne L. , D. Ifedioramma C. 
Published: January 2020

Aims: To determine marital status and age as predictor of undergraduate students’ academic achievement in tertiary institutions in Nigeria.
Study Design: Ex-post facto research design.
Materials and Methods: The sample for the study was 632 100 level students selected using simple random sampling technique of balloting without replacement. The data collected were pre-existing results of 100 level students on Use of English retrieved from the respective departments. Data collected was analyzed using simple regression analysis.
Results: The findings of the study revealed that marital status of the undergraduate students had R2 change of 0.000. This indicates that marital status had the predictive power of 0.00 percent for undergraduates’ academic achievement in Use of English course. Also, at 1 df numerator, 631 df denominator and P value = .05 level of significant, the calculated F value = 0.85 is less than the critical F value = 3.84. Therefore, marital status of the university undergraduates is not a significant predictor of their academic achievement in Use of English course taught in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Similarly, age of the undergraduate students had R2 change of 0.020. This indicates that age had the predictive power of 2.00 percent for undergraduates’ academic achievement in Use of English course. Also, at 1df numerator, 631df denominator and P value .05, the calculated F value = 14.06 and is greater than the critical F value of 3.84. This implies that age of university undergraduates is a significant predictor of their academic achievement in Use of English course.
Conclusion: Based on the analysis, it was concluded that age of university undergraduates is a significant predictor of their academic achievement in Use of English course in tertiary institutions. It was also deduced that marital status of undergraduates is not a significant predictor of their academic achievement in tertiary institutions.
Advancements and Challenges in Potassium Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Rajagopalan Ranjusha , Tang Yougen , Ji Xiaobo , Jia Chuankun , Wang Haiyan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDemand for energy in day to day life is increasing exponentially. However, existing energy storage technologies like lithium ion batteries cannot stand alone to fulfill future needs. In this regard, potassium ion batteries (KIBs) that utilize K ions in their charge storage mechanism have attracted considerable attention due to their unique properties and are therefore established as one of the future battery systems of interest among the scientific community. Nevertheless, the development and identification of appropriate electrode materials is very essential for practical applications. This review features the current development in KIBs electrode and electrolyte materials, the present challenges facing this technology (in the commercial aspect), and future aspects to develop fully functional KIBs. The potassium storage mechanisms, evolution of the KIBs, and the advantages and disadvantages of each category of materials are included. Additionally, various approaches to enhance the electrochemical performances of KIBs are also discussed. This review is not only an amalgamation of different viewpoints in literature, but also contains concise perspectives and strategies. Moreover, the potential emergence of a novel class of K‐based dual ion batteries is also analyzed for the first time.
Ultrahigh Stability 3D TI Bi2Se3/MoO3 Thin Film Heterojunction Infrared Photodetector at Optical Communication Waveband
Authors: Yang Ming , Han Qi , Liu Xianchao , Han Jiayue , Zhao Yafei , He Liang , Gou Jun , Wu Zhiming , Wang Xinran , Wang Jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInfrared (IR) detection at 1300–1650 nm (optical communication waveband) is of great significance due to its wide range of applications in commerce and military. Three dimensional (3D) topological insulator (TI) Bi2Se3 is considered a promising candidate toward high‐performance IR applications. Nevertheless, the IR devices based on Bi2Se3 thin films are rarely reported. Here, a 3D TI Bi2Se3/MoO3 thin film heterojunction photodetector is shown that possesses ultrahigh responsivity (Ri), external quantum efficiency (EQE), and detectivity (D*) in the broadband spectrum (405–1550 nm). The highest on–off ratio of the optimized device can reach up to 5.32 × 104. Ri, D*, and the EQE can reach 1.6 × 104 A W−1, 5.79 × 1011 cm2 Hz1/2 W−1, and 4.9 × 104% (@ 405 nm), respectively. Surprisingly, the Ri can achieve 2.61 × 103 A W−1 at an optical communication wavelength (@ 1310 nm) with a fast response time (63 µs), which is two orders of magnitude faster than that of other TIs‐based devices. In addition, the device demonstrates brilliant long‐term (>100 days) environmental stability under environmental conditions without any protective measures. Excellent device photoelectric properties illustrate that the 3D TI/inorganic heterojunction is an appropriate way for manufacturing high‐performance photodetectors in the optical communication, military, and imaging fields.
A General Method for Transition Metal Single Atoms Anchored on Honeycomb‐Like Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhang Shan , Yang Yong , Wang Liguang , Mu Zijie , Zhu Haishuang , Zhu Xiaoqing , Xing Huanhuan , Xia Hongyin , Huang Bolong , Li Jing , Guo Shaojun , Wang Erkang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExcavating and developing highly efficient and cost‐effective nonnoble metal single‐atom catalysts for electrocatalytic reactions is of paramount significance but still in its infancy. Herein, reported is a general NaCl template‐assisted strategy for rationally designing and preparing a series of isolated transition metal single atoms (Fe/Co/Ni) anchored on honeycomb‐like nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix (M1‐HNC‐T1‐T2, M = Fe/Co/Ni, T1 = 500 °C, T2 = 850 °C). The resulting M1‐HNC‐500‐850 with M‐N4 active sites exhibits superior capability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with the half‐wave potential order of Fe1‐HNC‐500‐850 > Co1‐HNC‐500‐850 > Ni1‐HNC‐500‐850, in which Fe1‐HNC‐500‐850 shows better performance than commercial Pt/C. Density functional theory calculations reveal a choice strategy that the strong p–d‐coupled spatial charge separation results the Fe‐N4 effectively merges active electrons for elevating d‐band activity in a van‐Hove singularity like character. This essentially generalizes an optimal electronic exchange‐and‐transfer (ExT) capability for boosting sluggish alkaline ORR activity. This work not only presents a universal strategy for preparing single‐atom electrocatalyst to accelerate the kinetics of cathodic ORR but also provides an insight into the relationship between the electronic structure and the electrocatalytical activity.
Emerging 2D Materials Produced via Electrochemistry
Authors: Yang Sheng , Zhang Panpan , Nia Ali Shaygan , Feng Xinliang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract2D materials are important building blocks for the upcoming generation of nanostructured electronics and multifunctional devices due to their distinct chemical and physical characteristics. To this end, large‐scale production of 2D materials with high purity or with specific functionalities represents a key to advancing fundamental studies as well as industrial applications. Among the state‐of‐the‐art synthetic protocols, electrochemical exfoliation of layered materials is a very promising approach that offers high yield, great efficiency, low cost, simple instrumentation, and excellent up‐scalability. Remarkably, playing with electrochemical parameters not only enables tunable material properties but also increases the material diversities from graphene to a wide spectrum of 2D semiconductors. Here, a succinct and critical survey of the recent progress in this research direction is presented, comprising the strategic design, exfoliation principles, underlying mechanisms, processing techniques, and potential applications of 2D materials. At the end of the discussion, the emerging trends, challenges, and opportunities in real practice are also highlighted.
Cu2O Nanoparticles with Both {100} and {111} Facets for Enhancing the Selectivity and Activity of CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene
Authors: Gao Yugang , Wu Qian , Liang Xizhuang , Wang Zeyan , Zheng Zhaoke , Wang Peng , Liu Yuanyuan , Dai Ying , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan , Huang Baibiao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCu2O nanoparticles (NPs) enclosed with different crystal facets, namely, c‐Cu2O NPs with {100} facets, o‐Cu2O NPs with {111} facets, and t‐Cu2O NPs with both {111} and {100} facets, are prepared and their electrocatalytic properties for the reduction of CO2 to C2H4 are evaluated. It is shown that the selectivity and activity of the C2H4 production depend strongly on the crystal facets exposed in Cu2O NPs. The selectivities for the C2H4 production increases in the order, c‐Cu2O < o‐Cu2O < t‐Cu2O, (with FEC2H4 = 38%, 45%, and 59%, respectively). This study suggests that Cu2O NPs are more likely responsible for the selectivity and activity for the C2H4 production than the metallic Cu NPs produced on the surface of Cu2O NPs. This work provides a new route for enhancing the selectivity of the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction by crystal facet engineering.
The Failure of Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Li Metal Anode: Structural Uniformity or Mechanical Strength?
Authors: Shen Xin , Zhang Rui , Chen Xiang , Cheng Xin‐Bing , Li Xiaoyan , Zhang Qiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPractical application of lithium (Li) metal anodes has been hindered by Li dendrite growth, which renders a low Coulombic efficiency and short lifespan of working Li metal batteries. A stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is crucial in suppressing the formation of Li dendrites. Herein the local stress and deformation evolvement status of a SEI layer during Li electrodeposition are investigated through a quantitative electrochemical–mechanical model based on a finite element method. Furthermore, the impacts of structural uniformity and mechanical strength on the stability of the SEI under different working conditions are investigated. Improving the structural uniformity of SEI is the most effective way to enhance the stability of SEI, which regulates ion transportation. In addition, pursuing extremely high mechanical strength is shown to be pointless, and a moderate elastic modulus of 3.0 GPa is suggested. This work affords an insight into the rational design of stable SEI layers and sheds light on a possible pathway toward practical applications of Li metal anodes.
Toward High Energy Density All Solid‐State Sodium Batteries with Excellent Flexibility
Authors: Yao Yu , Wei Zhenyao , Wang Haiyun , Huang Huijuan , Jiang Yu , Wu Xiaojun , Yao Xiayin , Wu Zhong‐Shuai , Yu Yan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAll solid‐state sodium batteries (ASSBs) have attracted considerable attention due to their enhanced safety, long lifespan, and high energy density. However, several challenges have plagued the development of ASSBs, especially the relatively low ionic conductivity of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), large interfacial resistance, and low stability/compatibility between SSEs and electrodes. Here, a high‐performance all solid‐state sodium battery (NVP@C|PEGDMA‐NaFSI‐SPE|Na) is designed by employing carbon coated Na3V2(PO4)3 composite nanosheets (NVP@C) as the cathode, solvent‐free solid polymer electrolyte (PEGDMA‐NaFSI‐SPE) as the electrolyte and metallic sodium as the anode. The integrated electrolyte and cathode system prepared by the in situ polymerization process exhibits high ionic conductivity (≈10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature) and an outstanding electrolyte/electrode interface. Benefiting from these merits, the soft‐pack ASSB (NVP@C|PEGDMA‐NaFSI‐SPE|Na) delivers excellent cycling life over 740 cycles (capacity decay of only 0.007% per cycle) and maintains 95% of the initial reversible capacity with almost no self‐discharge even after resting for 3 months. Moreover, the bendable ASSB exhibits a high capacity of 106 mAh g−1 (corresponds to energy density of ≈355 Wh kg−1) at 0.5 C despite undergoing repeated bending for 535 cycles. This work offers a new strategy to fabricate high‐performance flexible ASSBs with a long lifespan and excellent flexibility.
Soft Template‐Controlled Growth of High‐Quality CsPbI3 Films for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Cheng , Yang Yi , Xia Xin , Ding Yong , Arain Zulqarnain , An Shijie , Liu Xuepeng , Cristina Roldán Carmona , Dai Songyuan , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe unfavorable morphology and inefficient utilization of phase transition reversibility have limited the high‐temperature‐processed inorganic perovskite films in both efficiency and stability. Here, a simple soft template‐controlled growth (STCG) method is reported by introducing (adamantan‐1‐yl)methanammonium to control the nucleation and growth rate of CsPbI3 crystals, which gives rise to pinhole‐free CsPbI3 film with a grain size on a micrometer scale. The STCG‐based CsPbI3 perovskite solar cell exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 16.04% with significantly reduced defect densities and charge recombination. More importantly, an all‐inorganic solar cell with the architecture fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO)/NiOx/STCG‐CsPbI3/ZnO/indium‐doped tin oxide (ITO) is successfully fabricated to demonstrate its real advantage in thermal stability. By suppressing the inductive effect of defects during the phase transition and utilizing the unique reversibility of the phase transition for the high‐temperature‐processed CsPbI3 film, the all‐inorganic solar cell retains 90% of its initial efficiency after 3000 h of continuous light soaking and heating.