bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activated microglia-induced neuroinflammatory cytokines lead to photoreceptor apoptosis in age-related macular degeneration-like mice model
Authors: Wu Jing , Gao Ge , Shi Fanjun , Zhang Chaoyang , Xie Hai , Yang Qian , Liu Dandan , Qu Sichang , Qin Haifeng , Liu Fang , Zhang Jingfa 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is mainly characterized by progressive deposits of drusen and photoreceptor apoptosis. Due to amyloid β (Aβ) is the main component of drusen, there is a great possibility that Aβ-induced activated microglia leads to inflammation, and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of AMD. However, the relationship between activated microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory cytokines and photoreceptor apoptosis still remains unclarified.Results: In this study, we demonstrated that subretinal injection of Aβ1-42 induced the microglia activation and increased inflammatory cytokines, gave rise to photoreceptor apoptosis in mice. Our results were verified in vitro by co-culture of Aβ1-42 activated primary microglia and photoreceptor cell line 661W, and we also performed that p38 MAPK signaling pathway was involved in Aβ1-42 induced microglia activation and inflammatory cytokines release.Conclusions: Overall, our findings indicated that activated microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory cytokines contributed to photoreceptor apoptosis under the stimulation of Aβ1-42. Moreover, this study will provide a potential preventive and therapeutic approach for AMD treatment.
Cardiac involvement in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis: a retrospective study in Chinese population
Authors: Chen Yingying , Zhou Jiaxin , Li Jing , Wu Qingjun , Yang Hongxian , Zhang Shangzhu , Fei Yunyun , Zhang Wen , Zhao Yan , Zhang Fengchun , Zeng Xiaofeng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Cardiac involvement in EGPA indicates poor prognosis and high mortality, while few data about cardiac involvement of EGPA in Chinese population are available. We conducted this study to figure out the clinical characteristics and overall outcome of EGPA patients with cardiac involvement in Chinese population.Methods: We retrospectively collected the clinical data of 83 patients diagnosed with EGPA and analyzed the differences between patients with and without cardiac involvement.Results: The prevalence of cardiac involvement of EGPA in this cohort was 27.7%. Compared with those who without cardiac involvement, EGPA patients with cardiac involvement tended to have younger onset age (mean ± SD, 38.4 ± 10.5 vs. 42.1 ± 15.9 years, p=0.039), higher eosinophil count [median (IQR), 5810 (4020-11090) vs. 2880 (1530-6570) n/μL , p=0.004)], higher disease activity [median (IQR), 20 (16-28) vs. 15 (12-18), p=0.001)] and poorer prognosis (FFS≥1, 100% vs. 38.3%, p=0.001). The most common cardiac manifestation was chest pain (56.5%), and 43.5% of patients were asymptomatic but cardiac abnormalities could be detected by cardiac examinations. With appropriate treatment, the overall outcome of EGPA patients with cardiac involvement in our cohort turned out to be good, with 3 ( 13% ) patients died at acute phase and no patient died during follow-up.Conclusions: Cardiac involvement was common in EGPA and was associated with younger onset age, higher eosinophil count, higher disease activity and poorer prognosis. Comprehensive cardiac examinations and appropriate treatment are essential to improve the prognosis of cardiac involvement.
A 14 transcription factors-associated nomogram predicts the recurrence-free survival of gastric cancer
Authors: Ma Xianxiong , Chen Hengyu , Yang Ming , Ke Zunxiang , Zhao Peng , Li Lei , Tao Kaixiong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: We aimed to construct and validate a novel transcription factors (TFs) signature for the prediction of gastric cancer (GC) patient’s recurrence-free survival (RFS) from TCGA and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and improve the predictive ability of RFS in GC patients.Methods: We searched TCGA database and GEO database to obtain gene expression data and related clinical information for GC. In total, 722 TFs and 384 GC patients with intact clinical information were identified to develop a novel TF signature. All TFs were included in a univariate Cox regression model. We then used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model which included only TFs with P < 0.05 in the univariate model to identify candidate TFs related to RFS. After further adjustment, multivariate Cox regression was performed based on the candidate TFs for the identification of TF signatures in the RFS evaluation of GC patients.Results: We successfully confirmed the high ability of the 14-TF panel for predicting GC patients’ RFS by receiver operating characteristic (ROC). AUCs at 1, 3, 5 years in internal validation dataset were 0.827, 0.817, 0.811, respectively. Some similar results were calculated in external validation dataset (0.808, 0.907, 0.813, respectively) and entire dataset (0.815, 0.849, 0.801, respectively). Besides, our model makes a good distinction between the high-risk group and the low-risk group. Furthermore, a nomogram was developed via risk score, sex, cancer status and tumor grade, and C-index, ROC, the calibration plots as well as decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated good ability and clinical application of the nomogram.Conclusions: We successfully established and validated a novel 14-TF-associated nomogram for predicting the RFS of GC.
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment compared to the Hall Technique for occluso-proximal carious lesions in primary molars; 36-month follow-up of a randomised control trial in a school setting
Authors: Araujo Mariana Pinheiro , Innes Nicola Patricia , Bonifácio Clarissa Calil , Hesse Daniela , Olegário Isabel Cristina , Mendes Fausto Medeiros , Raggio Daniela Prócida 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) and the Hall Technique (HT) are both minimally invasive, non-aerosol generating procedures (non-AGPs). They seem to have never been directly compared, nor has the HT been studied in a non-clinical setting. This study compared the HT and ART restorations placed in a school setting after 36 months.Methods: Children (5-10 yo) who had a primary molar with an occluso-proximal carious lesion were allocated to the ART or HT arms. Primary outcome: restoration survival over 36-months (using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, log rank test, and Cox regression). Secondary outcomes: 1) occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) (1, 2, 3, 4 weeks) and 2) child self-reported discomfort; 3) treatment acceptability (immediately following interventions); 4) Child Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL), before treatment and after 6 months and 5) a post-hoc analysis of time to tooth exfoliation (1, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 months).Results: One-hundred and thirty-one children (ART=65; HT=66) were included (mean age=8.1±1.2). At 36 months, 112 (85.5%) children were followed-up. Primary outcome: restoration survival rates ART=32.7% (SE=0.08; 95%CI=0.17-0.47); HT=93.4% (0.05; 0.72-0.99), p<0.001; Secondary outcomes: 1) OVD returned to pre-treatment state within 4 weeks; 2) treatment discomfort was higher for the HT (p=0.018); 3) over 70% of children and parents showed a high acceptability for treatments, with crown aesthetics being a concern for around 23% of parents; 4) Child OHRQoL improved after six months; and 5) teeth treated with the HT exfoliated earlier than those in the ART group (p=0.007).Conclusions: Both ART and the HT were acceptable to child participants and their parents and all parents thought both restorations protected their child’s tooth. However, the crown appearance concerned almost a quarter of parents in the HT arm. Children experienced less discomfort in the ART group. Although both treatments can be performed in a non-clinical setting and have the advantage of being non-aerosol generating procedures (non-AGPs), the HT had almost three times higher survival rates (93.4%) for restoring primary molar occluso-proximal cavities compared to ART (32.7%).
Effect of Acetylsalicylic Acid on Angiogenesis Through Assessment of Microvascular Density, VEGF-A, Interleukin-1 and PDGF-B Receptors on Rat Myocardium that Undergo Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure
Authors: Martha Januar Wibawa , Hilmanto Dany , Soelaeman M. Rachmat , Setiawan  , Febrianora Mega 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Myocardial hypoxia in coronary artery disease (CAD) may induce angiogenic response by activating proangiogenic mediators; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A) and Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-B), and proinflammatory mediator Interleukin-1 (Il-1). Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was known could reduce tumor growth by inhibiting angiogenesis process. Objective The study aimed to assess the effect of ASA on the angiogenesis in myocardial tissue which induced by hypobaric hypoxia exposure.Methods This was an experimental study with double interventions: hypobaric hypoxia exposure and ASA administration. The subjects were divided equally and randomly into four groups: I) control group without any intervention, II) hypobaric hypoxia exposure only, III) hypobaric hypoxia with low dose of ASA (2mg/kgs), and IV) hypobaric hypoxia with high dose of ASA (10 mg/kgs) for 14 days. Hypobaric hypoxia exposure was performed intermittently in a hypobaric chamber. At the end of the study, rats’ myocardial walls were extracted and examined for their microvascular density with Hematoxylin-Eosin and anti-CD34 immunostaining. The hearts were also studied for the expression of VEGF-A, Interleukin-1 (Il-1), and PDGF-B receptors by immunohistochemistry, and were assessed by histopathology sections using histoscore. Results The study subjects were 32 Wistar rats, aged 18-20 weeks weighing 250-350 grams. There were significant differences in microvascular density in both HE (median 4 vs. 2, p=0.021) and anti CD34 stainings (median 3 vs. 1, p=0.028), as well as VEGF A (median 10.5 vs. 3, p=0.002) and Il-1 (median 10.5 vs 3.5, p=0.004) receptors expressions between ASA and without ASA groups. Furthermore, there were differences in microvascular density using anti-CD34 (median 3 vs. 1, p=0.035) and VEGF-A receptor expression (median 6 vs. 2, p=0.022) between low dose and high dose of ASA group. Conclusion The administration of ASA may decrease angiogenic response of hypobaric hypoxia exposure. High dose of ASA may reduce angiogenesis process stronger than low dose of ASA.
Phytoestrogenic Effects of Various Levels of Soy Isoflavones in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Mazhar Nishaf , Nisa Mehr Un , Arshad Muhammad Sajid 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Soy isoflavones (SI) has estrogenic effect in tissues by binding to estrogen receptors and might be beneficial for women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) by reduction in testosterone, cholesterol , Insulin , weight gain, inflammatory markers and oxidative stress. Methods: The study was plane to examine the effect of various levels of SI on nutrient intake, digestibility, lipid profile, insulin and reproductive hormones of estradiol-valerate (4mg/rat/IM) PCOS induced rat models. Thirty-Six Wistar 45 days old rats weighing 95 ± 5g were divided into 4 groups, each having 9 rats: C (control: without SF), SF10 (SF 0.10g/Kg BW), SF15 (SF 0.15g/Kg BW) and SF20 (SF 0.20g/Kg BW). SF was given through the oral gavage. Food and water were offered ad libitum and intake was recorded daily. Body weight was recorded on weekly basis. During last week of trial, collected feces by total collection method and blood samples were used to calculate nutrient digestibility and biochemical analysis respectively. The Completely Randomized Design and LSD test were used to analyze the data. Results: The significant results were observed in female rats fed SF10, SF15 and SF20 compared to C. Estrogen, progesterone and prolactin were (P<0.05) high in rats fed SF diet that was 4 and 30% increase from C respectively. Insulin, Testosterone, FSH and LH were lowest in rats fed diet SF20. Significant (P<0.05) reduction in cholesterol was observed in rats fed SF15 and SF20 as compared to C. Serum HDL was improved (P<0.05) in all SIF 0.10 , SIF 0.15 and SIF 0.20 as 26.88±1.59 (mg/dl), 32.40±1.42 (mg/dl) and 53.44±1.50 (mg/dl) in comparison to PC. Serum LDL was significantly reduced to 68.89±4.36 (mg/dl) in SIF 0.20 , and to 108.20±4.14 (mg/dl) in SIF 0.15 whereas, insignificant reduction was observed in SIF 0.10 (127.75±4.62 mg/dl) as compared to PC. Highly significant reduction was noted in triglycerides level in SIF 0.20 as 115.00±2.04 (mg/dl), however, significant reduction was observed in both SIF 0.10 and SIF 0.15 as compared to PC after three months of treatment with soy isoflavones.Conclusions: It is concluded that soy isoflavones have potential role on reproductive hormones, insulin levels, weight, lipid profile and nutrient digestibility in PCOS induced rats.
A simple Risk-Based Strategy for Hepatitis C virus Screening Among Incarcerated People in a Low- to Middle-Income Setting
Authors: Hariri Sanam , Sharafkhah Maryam , Alavi Maryam , Roshandel Gholamreza , Fazel Abdolreza , Amiriani Taghi , Motamed-Gorji Nazgol , Bazazan Abolfazl , Merat Shahin , Poustchi Hossein , Malekzadeh Reza 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is among the highest priority diseases in custodial settings; however, the diagnosis remains suboptimal among people in custody. This study aimed to validate a short survey for identifying people with HCV infection in a provincial prison in Iran.Methods: Between July and December 2018, residents and newly admitted inmates of Gorgan central prison completed a questionnaire, including data on the history of HCV testing, drug use, injecting drug use, sharing injecting equipment, and imprisonment. Participants received rapid HCV antibody testing, followed by venipuncture for RNA testing (antibody-positive only). Each enrollment question (yes/no) was compared with the testing results (positive/negative).Results: Overall, 1892 people completed the questionnaire, including 621 (34%) who were currently on opioid agonist therapy (OAT); 30% of participants had been tested for HCV previously. About 71% had a history of drug use, of whom 13% had ever injected drugs; 56% had ever shared injecting equipment. Prevalence of HCV antibody and RNA was 6.9% (n=130) and 4.8% (n=90), respectively. The antibody prevalence was higher among people on OAT compared to those with no history of OAT (11.4% vs. 4.0%). History of drug use was the most accurate predictor of having a positive HCV antibody (sensitivity: 95.2%, negative predictive value: 98.9%) and RNA testing (sensitivity: 96.7%, negative predictive value: 99.5%). Sensitivity of the drug use question was lowest among people with no OAT history and new inmates (87% and 89%, respectively). Among all participants, sensitivity and negative predictive value of the other questions were low and ranged from 34% to 54% and 94% to 97%, respectively.Conclusions: In resource-limited settings, HCV screening based on having a history of drug use could replace universal screening in prisons to reduce costs. Developing tailored screening strategies together with further cost studies are crucial to address the current HCV epidemic in low- to middle-income countries.
Suppressive Effect of Genistein on Childhood Cell Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by Inducing Dicer and AGO2
Authors: Piroozian Fatemeh , Varkiyani Hoda Bagheri , Samiei Afshin , Najar Amirhosein Bradaran , Afsa Masoumeh , MalekZadeh Kianoosh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is one of the most prevalent malignancies. Dysregulation of microRNAs in some cancers suggests their role in pathogenesis of the disease. Dicer and AGO2, two factors participate in biogenesis of miRNAs can exert a crucial function in development of the cancers. On the other hand, it has been proved that, genistein has anticancer effects against some cancer cells. Methods In the present study, it was attempted to assess alteration in the mRNA expression of the Dicer and AGO2 genes, and then evaluating inhibitory effect of genistein on Dicer and AGO2 genes. Up-regulation of Dicer and down-regulation of AGO2 were observed in 40 patients with childhood ALL compared to 35 healthy controls. Results Alteration in the expression of these genes directed to a correlation with progression of the disease. Genistein had anti-proliferative effect against ALL cancer cells through increasing mortality rate via induction of apoptosis and decreasing growth rate of malignant cells. The genistein significantly increased the mRNA level of Dicer particularly in two cells (Molt-17 and Nalm-6). Up-regulation of AGO2 that occurred as a result of genistein administration was significant in the 4 cell lines compared to non-treated cells. Conclusions The concordance in alteration of AGO2 and Dicer mRNA expressions in B-ALL cell lines caused by genistein administration suggests existence of another mechanism of this compound as chemotherapeutic agent against ALL cell line.
Differences of Interest in Human Body Structures Among Paramedics from Various Specialized Fields: A Study Aiming at an Effective Anatomical Instruction
Authors: Sakamoto Noboru , Komiyama Masatoshi , Miyaso Hidenobu , Sugata Yota , Mori Chisato , Shimizu Eiji , Matsuno Yoshiharu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to identify human body areas in which paramedical students are particularly eager to observe and that are of interest in relation to the type of healthcare profession by means of a questionnaire after anatomical observation. A total of 840 students from 27 schools who visited Chiba University School of Medicine for anatomical tours, were examined after responding to the open questionnaire along with their consent. Terms of the human body structure that were of high interest were abstracted from the responses, and the frequency was analyzed according to individual specialized field. As a result, 1746 words were abstracted overall, and a high level of interest was identified in the nervous system (482 words), digestive system (425 words), cardiovascular system (305 words), musculoskeletal system (254 words), and respiratory system (183 words) sequentially. When considering individual specialized fields, the highest interest was found in the nervous system by nurses, acupuncturists, and emergency medical technicians, the digestive system by pharmacists and nutritionists, and the musculoskeletal system by rehabilitationists. When providing instruction during the observation, explanation should focus on areas of higher interest, as clarified in this study. At the same time, instruction in less interesting but are still important areas for the students in their specialized field must be provided with ingenuity to cultivate interest.Mini-abstract: Highly interesting human body structures were the nervous system, digestive system, and musculoskeletal system, for nurses, acupuncturists, and emergency medical technicians; pharmacists and nutritionists; and the rehabilitation field, respectively.
Resveratrol attenuates cigarette smoke induced endothelial apoptosis by activating Notch1 signaling mediated autophagy
Authors: Zong Dandan , Liu Xiang-ming , Li Jin-hua , Ouyang Ruo-yun , Long Ying-jiao , Chen Ping , Chen Yan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Endothelial apoptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our previous studies have validated Notch1 as an anti-apoptotic signaling in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced endothelial apoptosis. Resveratrol (RESV) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that exhibits an anti-apoptotic activity in endothelial cells that exposed to many kinds of destructive stimulus. However, the effects of resveratrol on Notch1 signaling in CS-induced endothelial apoptosis have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether RESV can protect endothelial cells from cigarette smoke induced apoptosis via regulating Notch1 signaling. Methods HUVECs were pretreated with RESV for 2 h, followed by cotreatment with 2.5%CSE for 24h to explore the role of RESV in CSE induced endothelial apoptosis. 3-MA or rapamycin was used to alter autophagic levels. Lentivirus Notch1 intracellular domain (LV-N1ICD) or γ-secretase inhibitor (DAPT) were used to change Notch1 expression. The expression of Notch1, autophagic and apoptotic markers were examined by Western blot and the apoptosis rate was detected by Flow cytometry analysis. Results Our results showed that activating autophagy reduced CSE-induced endothelial apoptosis, while blocking autophagy promoted cell apoptosis in HUVECs. RESV pretreatment attenuated the CSE-induced endothelial apoptosis and activated Notch1 signaling. RESV pretreatment also increased LC3b-II and Beclin1 production, decreased p62 and mTOR expression. 3-MA treatment inhibited autophagy and aggravated CSE induced apoptosis, while rapamycin promoted autophagy, led to a decrease in cell apoptosis. LV-N1ICD transfection upregulated autophagy and reduced apoptosis. However, this protective effect was abolished by 3-MA treatment. In cells treated with DAPT, autophagy was decreased, while apoptosis was increased. RESV partly rescued the DAPT induced apoptosis by activating Notch1 signaling. Conclusion In HUVECs, RESV attenuates CSE induced endothelial apoptosis by inducing autophagy in a Notch1-dependent manner.
Can dorzolamide/timolol-fixed combination effectively treat primary open-angle glaucoma? A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qi Yan-Xiu , Liu Hong-wei , Su Xing-jie , Han Lin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a very common disorder, and it is the second leading reason that leads to blindness worldwide after cataracts. Previous studies have reported that dorzolamide/timolol-fixed combination (DTFC) can be used to treat patients with POAG. However, there are still inconsistent results. Thus, this study will systematically investigate the efficacy and safety of DTFC for the treatment of patients with POAG.Methods: A comprehensive search will be carried out in the electronic databases of Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHI, ACMD, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data from origin to the March 1, 2020. There are no limitations related to the language and publication status. Only randomized controlled trials that assessed the efficacy and safety of DTFC for the treatment of POAG will be included. Two researchers will independently undertake record selection, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment. Any divisions will be solved by discussion with a third researcher. We will perform statistical analysis using RevMan 5.3 softwareDiscussion: This study will summarize present evidence to identify the efficacy and safety of DTFC for the treatment of POAG through mean intraocular pressure, best corrected visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, bioelectric activity of the retina, rate of progression of glaucoma, quality of life, and adverse events. The results of this study will help to determine whether DTFC is effective and safety for the treatment of POAG.Systematic review registration: INPLASY202040120.