bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feed-forward, feed-back, and distributed feature representation during visual word recognition revealed by human intracranial neurophysiology
Authors: Long Laura , Yang Minda , Kriegeskorte Nikolaus , Jacobs Joshua , Remez Robert , Sperling Michael , Sharan Ashwini , Lega Bradley , Burks Alexis , Worrell Gregory , Gross Robert , Jobst Barbara , Davis Kathryn , Zaghloul Kareem , Sheth Sameer , Stein Joel , Das Sandhitsu , Gorniak Richard , Wanda Paul , Kahana Michael , Mesgarani Nima 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Scientists debate where, when, and how different visual, orthographic, lexical, and semantic features are involved in visual word recognition. In this study, we investigate intracranial neurophysiology data from 151 patients engaged in reading single words. Using representational similarity analysis, we characterize the neural representation of a hierarchy of word features across the entire cerebral cortex. We find evidence of both feed-forward and feedback processing, with early representation of visual and lexical information in lingual gyrus followed by lexical representation in fusiform gyrus and semantic sensitivity in inferior frontal gyrus, with letter representation emerging later in fusiform gyrus. Furthermore, we observed a variety of anatomically heterogeneous temporal response shapes, and these functional populations had significant feature sensitivity. Taken together, our results demonstrate the early influence of lexical, phonological, and semantic features in visual word recognition and reveal feed-forward, feed-back, and anatomically distributed processing mechanisms that contribute to visual word recognition.
EP3 Receptor Deficiency Attenuates Vascular Remodeling and Cognitive Impairment in a Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Model
Authors: Liu Na , Tang Jie , Xue Yang , Zhang Miaoyi , Ren Xue , Mok Vincent , Wang Yilong , Fu Jianhui 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAnti-hypertensive therapy has achieved effective but not complete results in treating cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), suggesting the necessity for additional treatments. Targeting abnormal inflammatory responses has become a research interest. Inhibition of E-prostanoid 3(EP3) receptor has been shown to attenuate vascular remodeling in peripheral organs, but little is known about its role in CSVD. Here, we investigated whether the deletion of EP3 attenuates the development of CSVD.MethodsStroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rat (RHRsp) was used as an animal model of CSVD. The effect of EP3 deletion on the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) in cerebral small arteries of RHRsp was detected by immunofluorescence. Changes in cognitive function and cerebral blood flow (CBF) of RHRsp were evaluated using the Morris water maze test and MRI. In vitro experiments with primary rat brain microvascular smooth muscle cells were used to confirm whether the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) signal takes part in the processResultsCerebral small arteries of RHRsp exhibited increased EP3 expression. Despite no alleviation in hypertension, the deletion of EP3 still reduced the overexpression of ECM in the cerebral small arteries of RHRsp. In vitro experiments indicated that EP3 deletion regulated the expression of ECM by downregulating TGF-β1/Smad signaling. EP3 knockout further attenuated the cognitive impairment of the RHRsp possibly through increased CBF. ConclusionTogether, our results indicate that the deletion of EP3 attenuates the vascular remodeling and vascular cognitive impairment induced by hypertension, and blockade of the EP3 receptor may be a promising strategy for the treatment of CSVD.
A Narrative Account of Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust Critical Care Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic, and Analysis of Outcomes
Authors: Javaid Amar , Swindin Joel , Greenhow Richard , Chikhani Marc 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and associated multisystem disease COVID-19 originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The resultant pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented strain on healthcare services around the world, including the greatest challenge seen by critical care medicine in modern times. This narrative illustrates the response of Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust critical care department to the crisis, including resource allocation and clinical management strategies and illustrates patient outcome for those admitted to critical care during the first pandemic wave.MethodsPatients admitted to critical care whom tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between March-May 2020 were identified for retrospective case review as part of service evaluation. Clinical, laboratory and radiological data was collected. This included patient level data on ventilation and fluid balance.ResultsDuring the three period March-May 2020, retrospective case review showed 109 patients admitted to critical care with COVID-19. 88 (80.7%) of the 109 patients received mechanical ventilation, 21 (19.3%) patients received renal replacement therapy. Critical care mortality was 26 (23.9%) patients and hospital mortality was 27 (24.8%) of the 109 patients.ConclusionThis mortality rate was an unexpected finding based on early literature and help to provide a baseline for comparison hereafter. Commentary is provided for several aspects of care that may account for the low mortality rate and warrant further investigation in the future.
A Prognostic Nomogram and Web-based Real-Time Calculator for Predicting CSS and OS of Primary Rectal Adenocarcinoma Patients
Authors: Wang Zhenshuang , Yang Yi , Jing Jingjing , Yuan Yuan , Xing Chengzhong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to construct a clinical prognostic model of primary rectal adenocarcinoma (RAC) to assist in clinical diagnosis and treatment. MethodsPrimary RAC patients from 2010 to 2015 were selected from the surveillance, epidemiology and end results (SEER). The relevant significant variables were used to develop the prognosis model. A score was determined for each prognostic factor in the model. The Kaplan–Meier method and the log-rank test were used to establish and distinguish the survival curves. The accuracy of predictive model was assessed by receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) curve, concordance index (C-index), and decision curve analysis (DCA). ResultsA total of 8069 primary RAC were retrieved in this study. The overall survival（OS）model was established based on 14 variables. The CSS nomogram were constructed using 12 variables. The C-indexes for the training set of OS and CSS were 0.769 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.761–0.777) and 0.793 (95% CI 0.784–0.802) respectively. The C-indexes for the validation set of OS and CSS were 0.776 (95% CI 0.768–0.784) and 0.794 (95% CI 0.785–0.803) respectively. High-quality calibration plots were observed and the model displayed a favorable outcome compared with (TNM) stage and SEER stage of primary RAC based on DCA curve. We then divided the patients into low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk groups, showing that patients with primary RAC in the high-risk group had a poor prognosis. A primary RAC prognosis prediction model has been shown by a predicted nomogram for 3 or 5 years and a real-time web-based calculator. ConclusionsIn conclusion, we established a clinical prognosis model for primary RAC for the first time based on a variety of risk factors including individual differences, tumor-related factors, and diagnostic and therapeutic factors, which is more effective than TNM stage in predicting the prognosis of patients. The clinical prediction model visualized by the nomogram for 3 and 5 years and the web-based real-time calculator are helpful to optimize clinical work, facilitate patient consultation and clinical individualized treatment.
Value of Machine Learning with CE-MRI Radiomics for Early Prediction of Pathological Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in HER2-positive Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Li Qin , Xiao Qin , Li Jianwei , Wang Zhe , Wang He , Gu Yajia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Backgrouds To assess the value of radiomics based on multiphases contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(CE-MRI) for early prediction of pathological complete response(pCR) to neoadjuvant therapy(NAT) in patients with human epithelial growth factor receptor 2(HER2) positive invasive breast cancer.Methods A total of 127 patients with newly diagnosed primary HER2 positive invasive breast cancer underwent CE-MRI before NAT and performed surgery after NAT. Radiomic features were extracted from the 1st postcontrast CE-MRI phase(CE1) and multi-phases CE-MRI(CEm). With selected features using a forward stepwise regression, 23 machine learning classifiers based on CE1 and CEm were constructed respectively. The performence of classifiers were assessed and compared. Results For the task of pCR classification, 6 radiomic features from CE1 and 6 from CEm were selected for the final machine learning models respectively. The linear SVM based on CEm outperformed the Logistic regression model using CE1 with an AUC of 0.84 vers 0.69. In mass and non-mass enhancement groups, the accuracy of linear SVM achieved 76% and 84%. Whereas in unifocal and unilateral multifocal cases, 79% and 75% accuracy were achieved by linear SVM. Conclusion Multiphases CE-MRI imaging may offer more heterogeneity information in the tumor and provide a non-invasive approach for early prediction of pCR to NAT in patients with HER2 positive invasive breast cancer.
Gene Mutation Characteristics and Clinical Prognosis of Head and Neck Mucosal Melanoma
Authors: Yin Gaofei , Guo Wei , Liu Hongfei , Duan Hanyuan , Cui Chuanliang , Kong Yan , Huang Zhigang , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: As a highly malignant tumor type, the mucosal type is the second most common pathological subtype in China. In this study, we analyzed the results and clinical data for C-KIT, NRAS, PDGFRA and BRAF genotypes in patients, to explore the characteristics of gene mutation in head and neck mucosal melanoma and the correlation between the four common gene mutation types and prognosis.Methods: C-KIT (exons 9, 11, 13, 17 and 18), NRAS (exons 1 and 2), PDGFRA (exons 12, 14 and 18) and BRAF (exons 11 and 15) were analyzed by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing in patients. The Chi-squared test, Log rank test and Cox regression model were used to analyze the risk factors. Results: In total, 96 patients were included in the study. 14 (14.58%) patients had the C-KIT mutation, 6 (6.25%) had the BRAF mutation, 23 (23.96%) had the PDGFRA mutation, and 12 (12.50%) had the NRAS mutation. The NRAS mutation (P = 0.037, 95%CI: 1.050–4.572) was an independent factor affecting postoperative distant metastasis. The mutation types of different primary tumor sites were different. The BRAF mutation was more common in the nasopharynx and other sites (P = 0.008), whereas the NRAS mutation was more common in the nasal cavity/sinus (P = 0.043).Conclusion: The specificity of this genotype may have some guiding significance for treatment of patients with head and neck mucosal melanoma, but this study did not find any correlation with survival time, and this needs further analysis with a larger dataset.
Clinical&nbsp;Analysis of Suction Drainage in Cementless Hip Replacement: A Prospective Randomised Study
Authors: Bartosz Pawel , Marczynski Wojciech , Para Marcin , Kogut Maciej , Białecki Jerzy 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Several studies have suggested that the use of drains did not improve surgical outcomes after hip replacement. There is still a lack of strict recommendations for drainage use.Methods: Prospective, randomised study was performed. The analysis included 100 patients. Inclusion criteria: idiopathic hip osteoarthritis. Exclusion criteria: secondary coxarthrosis, autoimmune disease, coagulopathy, venous/arterial thrombosis, hepatic/renal insufficiency, cement, or hybrid endoprostheses. Results: We found smaller haematomas in the no-drainage group (9.76 mm vs. 10.33 mm, p = 0.653). The visual analogue scale score was lower in the no-drainage group (5 vs. 6). Less bloodloss in the no-drainage group (1,124 ml vs 1,224 ml, p = 0.59). Two patients had a deep joint infection in the no-drainage group, none in the drainage group.Conclusion: It is noteworthy that two cases of early infections were observed in the no-drainage group, whereas there were no such complications in the drainage group. Further research is warranted to validate our findings.Trial registration: The study was successfully retrospectively registered in Clinicaltrial.gov with identification number: NCT04333264 (03/04/2020). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04333264?term=NCT04333264&draw=2&rank=1
A Wnt5a-Cdc42 axis controls aging and rejuvenation of hair-follicle stem cells
Authors: Tiwari Rajiv , Mishra Pratibha , Martin Nicola , George Nikhil , Sakk Vadim , Soller Karin , Nalapareddy Kodandaramireddy , Nattamai Kalpana , Kochanek Karin , Florian Maria , Geiger Hartmut 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Normal hair growth occurs in cycles, comprising growth (anagen), cessation (catagen) and rest (telogen). Upon aging, the initiation of anagen is significantly delayed, which results in impaired hair regeneration. Hair regeneration is driven by hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). We show here that aged HFSCs present with a decrease in canonical Wnt signaling and a shift towards non-canonical Wnt5a driven signaling which antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling. Elevated expression of Wnt5a in HFSCs upon aging results in elevated activity of the small RhoGTPase Cdc42 as well as a change in the spatial distribution of Cdc42 within HFSCs. Treatment of aged HFSC with a specific pharmacological inhibitor of Cdc42 activity termed CASIN to suppress the aging-associated elevated activity of Cdc42 restored canonical Wnt signaling in aged HFSCs. Treatment of aged mice in vivo with CASIN induced anagen onset and increased the percentage of anagen skin areas. Aging-associated functional deficits of HFSCs are at least in part intrinsic to HFSCs and can be restored by rational pharmacological approaches.
Long-chain Saturated Fatty Acid Species Are Not Toxic to Human Pancreatic Β-cells and May Offer Protection Against Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Induced β-cell Death
Authors: Thomas Patricia , Leslie Kaiyven A , Welters Hannah J , Morgan Noel G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) although the causal links remain unclear. A feature shared by both conditions however is systemic inflammation and raised levels of circulating fatty acids (FFA). It is widely believed that in obese individuals genetically prone to T2D, elevated levels of plasma FFA may contribute towards the death and dysfunction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells in a process of (gluco)lipotoxicity. In support of this, in vitro studies have shown consistently that long-chain saturated fatty acids (LC-SFA) are toxic to rodent β-cells during chronic exposure (>24h). Conversely, shorter chain SFA and unsaturated species are well tolerated, suggesting that toxicity is dependent on carbon chain length and/or double bond configuration. Despite the wealth of evidence implicating lipotoxicity as a means of β-cell death in rodents, the evidence that a similar process occurs in humans is much less substantial. Therefore, the present study has evaluated the effects of chronic exposure to fatty acids of varying chain length and degree of saturation, on the viability of human β-cells in culture. We have also studied the effects of a combination of fatty acids and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Strikingly, we find that LC-FFA do not readily promote the demise of human β-cells and that they may even offer a measure of protection against the toxic effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, these findings imply that a model in which elevated circulating LC-FFA play a direct role in mediating β-cell dysfunction and death in humans, may be overly simplistic.
Percutaneous Transluminal Stenting for Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Caused by Malignant Tumors : A Single Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Liu Haitao , Li Yahua , Wang Yang , Yan Lei , Zhou Pengli , Han Xinwei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives：To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous stent placement in the treatment of superior vena cava syndrome caused by malignant tumors.Methods：To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 32 patients with superior vena cava syndrome who underwent percutaneous endovascular stent treatment in our department from 2015 to 2019 due to malignant tumors, and summarize the patient’s gender, age, tumor type, endovascular treatment plan, complications and postoperative follow-up.Results：All patients successfully underwent percutaneous intraluminal stent placement with digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Thirty seven endovascular stents were implanted in 32 patients, including 21 Eluminexx stents, 12 Wallstent stents, and 4 covered stents..The technical success rate was 100%, and there were no serious surgery-related complications.The remission rate of clinical symptoms was 53.1% (17 / 32) in 24 hours and 84.4% (27 / 32) in 48 hours. The follow-up period was 1.5-24 months, with an average follow-up period of 6.5 months. During the follow-up, 3 patients had re-stenosis and 1 patient had secondary thrombosis in the stent. The symptoms were relieved after the second treatment.Conclusion: For superior vena cava syndrome caused by malignant tumors, percutaneous endoluminal stent therapy can quickly and effectively relieve the clinical symptoms of patients, and the incidence of complications is low. It should be used as a first-line treatment.
Association of Body Mass Index With Postoperative Early Adverse Outcomes in Acute Type a Aortic Dissection Patients in Fujian Province, China: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Lin Lingyu , Lin Yanjuan , Chen Qiong , Peng Yanchun , Li Sailan , Chen Liangwan , Huang Xizhen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Abnormal body mass index (BMI) has been related to a higher risk of adverse perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, the effects of BMI in patients with acute type A aortic dissection (AAAD) on postoperative outcomes remain unclear. The aims of this study were to explore the relationships of BMI and postoperative early adverse outcomes in AAAD patientsMethods: Patients who underwent AAAD surgery at Fujian Province Cardiac Medical Research Center from June 2013 to March 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. They were divided into three groups on the basis of Chinese BMI classification established by the World Health Organization: normal group (BMI 18.5-23.9 kg/m2), overweight group (BMI 24-27.9 kg/m2), and obesity group (BMI > 28kg/m2). Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were collected. Multivariable and univariable logistic regression analysis models were performed to identify whether BMI was independently associated with postoperative adverse outcomes.Results: Of 777 cases, 31.9% were normal weight, 52.5% were overweight, and 15.6% were obese. The percentage of prolonged mechanical ventilation (44.9% vs 55.8% vs 66.1%, respectively; P<0.001) and the median duration of intensive care unit stays (8.1 vs 9.5 vs 12.0 days, respectively; P<0.001) were higher and longer in the overweight and obese group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a higher risk of postoperative early adverse outcomes in the overweight (odds ratio [OR]: 2.374, 95%CI: 1.647–3.422), and obese patients (OR: 3.659, 95%CI: 2.122–6.308) with reference to the normal BMI patients, and age, heart rate, and surgery duration were also associated with postoperative early adverse outcomes (P<0.05).Conclusion: Overweight and obese patients are independently associated with higher postoperative early adverse outcomes in patients who underwent AAAD surgery.
Whole Exome Sequencing of Simultaneous Primary Multifocal Lung Cancer (SMPLC): Case Report and Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Zhu Donglin , Shen Minghong , Lv Jinghuan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: To understand the molecular mechanism of synchronous multifocal lung cancer (SMLC) is of great significance for the differential diagnosis of intrapulmonary metastasis (IM) and synchronous multiple primary lung cancer (SMPLC). Recently, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has become a useful tool for understanding SMLC. Case presentation: In this study, two lesions of a 61-year-old man with lung cancer were detected by whole exome sequencing (WES) and the correlation between different lesions was analyzed at the molecular level. Lesion 1 was adenocarcinoma and lesion 2 was squamous cell carcinoma. Gene mutation and copy number variation (CNV) are different in the two lesions. The genome of lesion 2 is more unstable. The clonal evolution analysis showed that there was no obvious evolutionary relationship between the two lesions, and both lesions were independent double primary lesions. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the alternate genes of the two lesions were inconsistent in function and pathway. PCA analysis was performed using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the GTEx database, and it was found that the changed genes in these two lesions were significantly separated from the control group, and the changes of TP53 and EGFR genes in the TCGA database were further described. Conclusions: These results indicate that NGS may provide new ideas for SMLC classification.
A Comprehensive Ultrastructure and Transcriptome Analyses of Early Regeneration in Ophryotrocha Xiamen Sp. Nov. (Annelida: Dorvilleidae)
Authors: Chen Ruanni , Mukhtar Irum , Wei Shurong , Wu Siyi , Chen Jianming 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIn recent years, significant progress has been made using powerful genetic approaches with newly developed models for understanding on regeneration, however, the molecular and cellular basis of early regeneration remains unclear. Annelids of the genus Ophryotrocha have long been subjects of research use as model species in ecological, toxicological, reproductive, and regenerative investigations. Although, Ophryotrocha spp., are amenable to molecular, cellular, and functional analyses, still in need to explore new model organisms in this genus to understand regeneration mechanisms. Here, we focus on a newly identified Ophryotrocha species for its early regeneration developmental mode.ResultsBased on detailed morphological (K-maxillae, rosette gland, and chromosome number) and molecular analyses, we present, O. xiamen as a new suitable model species to investigate the early regeneration mechanism. The comparative transcriptome analysis showed the gene expression patterns were related to transcriptional regulation, energy metabolism profiles and structure and signal transduction during early stages of regeneration. Data also exhibited that genes such as neurotrypsin, Nos2, DMBT1, SCO spondin, and endotubin associated to regulate inflammation, enterocyte differentiation, apoptosis, and neuroepithelial, were up-regulated during early regeneration stages (wound healing and blastema formation). Additionally, most of the known regeneration-related genes of annelids were also identified in O. xiamen which enabled to explore the precise functions of genes involved in regeneration process.ConclusionsThis study enriches the identification of genus Ophryotrocha in Chinese coastal zones, an area with high abundances of annelids. The comparative transcriptome analysis provided the whole expression changes during early regeneration process. Morphology and molecular shred of evidences in O. xiamen revealed similar features of early regeneration with other invertebrates. Information on potential candidate genes associated with early regeneration in O. xiamen, will be useful for further studies.