bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate insulin resistance via PTEN-mediated crosstalk between the PI3K/Akt and Erk/MAPKs signaling pathways in the skeletal muscles of db/db mice
Authors: Chen Guang , Fan Xiao-yan , Zheng Xiao-peng , Jin Yue-lei , Liu Ying , Liu Shuang-chun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Globally, 1 in 11 adults have diabetes mellitus and 90% of the cases are type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Asia is the epicenter of this global T2DM epidemic. T2DM and its complications have contributed significantly to the burden of mortality and disability worldwide. Insulin resistance (IR) is a central defect in T2DM, and although multiple drugs have been developed to ameliorate IR, the limitations and accompanying side effects cannot be ignored. Thus more effective methods are required to improve IR.Methods: In the current study, db/m and db/db mice were injected with human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) via tail vein injection (IV), intraperitoneal injection (IP) and skeletal muscle injection (IM). Body weight, fasting blood glucose and the survival rates were monitored. Furthermore, the anti-IR effects and potential mechanisms of transplanted HUC-MSCs were investigated in db/db mice in vivo.Results: The results showed that HUC-MSC transplantation by IM was safer compared with IV and IP, and the survival rate reached 100% in the IM transplanted mice. HUC-MSCs can stabilize localization and differentiation in skeletal muscle tissue and significantly ameliorate IR. Potential regulatory mechanisms are associated with downregulation of inflammation; regulating the balance between PI3K/Akt and ERK/MAPK signaling pathway via PTEN, but was not associated with the IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling pathway.Conclusions: These results suggest HUC-MSC transplantation by IM may be a novel therapeutic direction to prevent IR and increase insulin sensitivity.
BMSCs transplantation downregulated NF-κB signaling pathways by being induced to differentiate into neurons in Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model
Authors: Liu Guo-yi , Kong Fan-yi , Ma Shu , Fu Li-yan , Geng Jia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex, progressive neuroinflammatory disease associated with autoimmunity and poorly find an effective therapeutic strategy. Currently, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is widely used to study the pathogenesis of MS.Methods: In our study, we performed flow cytometry to identify BMSCs. To systematically evaluate whether BMSCs can be differentiate into neuron cells, astrocytes and oligodendrocyte, we analyzed the biomarkers by immunofluorescence labeling. We demonstrated the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem Cells (BMSCs) transplant on the EAE animal model, and determined the expression of MAP-2, GFAP, and MBP in the cortex and hippocampus of mice.Results: Our results showed that BMSCs could be induced to differentiate into neuron cells astrocytes and oligodendrocyte. BMSCs transplant improved the survival rate, neurological function scores, and obvious remyelination of mice in BMSCs transplantation group was significantly higher than EAE group (P<0.01). Morever, BMSCs transplant decreased the levels of IL-2, IL-10, IL-17 and IL-22 in the serum of EAE mice. Western blotting showed that the expression of NF-κB, IκB-α and IL-17 was decreased in BMSCs transplant group.Conclusions: Herein, our results revealed that BMSCs were transplanted into the brain of EAE mice, differentiated into neurons, improved the survival rate, neurological function recovery and the extent of demyelination in EAE mice by downregulation of NF-κB signaling pathway.
Tongue microbiome of smokeless tobacco users
Authors: Halboub Esam , Alakhali Mohammed , Al-Amir Abdulwahhab H. , Homeida Husham E. , Baraniya Divyashri , Chen Tsute , Al-Hebshi Nezar Noor 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The possibility that smokeless tobacco may contribute to oral carcinogenesis by influencing the oral microbiome has not been explored. This cross sectional study sought to assess the effect of using hammah, a form of smokeless tobacco prevalent in Arabia, on the tongue microbiome. Tongue scarping samples were obtained from twenty-nine shammah users (SU; 27.34±6.9 years) and 23 shammah non-users (SNU; 27.7±7.19 years) and analyzed with 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V1-V3). Species-level taxonomy assignment of the high-quality, merged reads was obtained using a previously described BLASTn-based algorithm. Downstream analyses were performed with QIIME, LEfSe, and R.Results: A total of 178 species, belonging to 62 genera and 8 phyla were identified. Genera Streptococcus , Leptotrichia , Actinomyces , Veillonella , Haemophilus , Prevotella and Neisseria accounted for more than 60% of the average microbiome. There were no differences between the two groups in species richness and alpha-diversity, but PCoA showed significant separation (P=0.015, ANOSIM). LEfSe analysis identified 22 species to be differentially abundant between the SU and SNU. However, only 7 species maintained a false discovery rate of ≤ 0.2 and could cluster the two groups separately: Rothia mucilaginosa , Streptococcus sp. oral taxon 66, Actinomyces meyeri , Streptococcus vestibularis Streptococcus sanguinis and a potentially novel Veillonella species in association with SU, and Oribacterium asaccharolyticum with SNU.Conclusion: Shammah use induces tongue microbiome changes that may be relevant to oral carcinogenesis, namely enrichment of species with high acetaldehyde production potential, which warrants further investigation.
A Mixed Community of Skin Microbiome Representatives Influences Cutaneous Processes more than Individual Members
Authors: Loomis Kristin H , Wu Susan K , Ernlund Amanda , Zudock Kristina , Reno Allison , Blount Kianna , Karig David Karl 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background

Skin, the largest organ of the human body by weight, hosts a diversity of microorganisms that can influence health. The microbial residents of the skin are now appreciated for their roles in host immune interactions, wound healing, colonization resistance, and various skin disorders. Still, much remains to be discovered in terms of the host pathways influenced by skin microorganisms, as well as the higher-level skin properties impacted through these microbe-host interactions. Towards this direction, recent efforts using mouse models pointed to pronounced changes in the transcriptional profiles of the skin in response to the presence of a microbial community. However, there is a need to quantify the roles of microorganisms at both the individual and community-level in healthy human skin. In this study, we utilize human skin equivalents to study the effects of individual taxa and a microbial community in a precisely controlled context. Through transcriptomics analysis, we identify key genes and pathways influenced by skin microbes, and we also characterize higher-level impacts on skin processes and properties through histological analyses.

Results

The presence of a microbiome on a 3D skin tissue model led to significantly altered patterns of gene expression, influencing genes involved in the regulation of apoptosis, proliferation, and the extracellular matrix (among others). Moreover, microbiome treatment influenced the thickness of the epidermal layer, reduced the number of actively proliferating cells, and increased filaggrin expression. Many of these findings were evident upon treatment with the mixed community, but either not detected or less pronounced in treatments by single microorganisms, underscoring the impact that a diverse skin microbiome has on the host.

Conclusions

This work contributes to the understanding of how microbiome constituents individually and collectively influence human skin processes and properties. The results show that, while it is important to understand the effect of individual microbes on the host, a full community of microbes has unique and pronounced effects on the skin. Thus, in its impacts on the host, the skin microbiome is more than the sum of its parts.
Sevoflurane postconditioning ameliorates neuronal migration disorder through Reelin/Dab1 and improves long-term cognition in neonatal rats after hypoxic-ischemic injury
Authors: Zhang Yahan , Gao Qiushi , Wu Ziyi , Xue Hang , Li Chang , Zhao Ping 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Sevoﬂurane postconditioning (SPC) had been reported to attenuate developing brain injury after hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy (HIE)via inhibiting neural necrosis and autophagy process. Moreover, recent report elucidated sevoflurane may involve in neural cells migration after injury. Here we hypothesize neuronal migration and long-term cognition were ruined after HIE and SPC alleviated these injuries .Classical Rice–Vannucci model of Hypoxia-ischemia was conducted on P7 pups , which was followed by SPC at the 1 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC 2.4%) for 30 min. Piceatannol which can cleave Reelin into proteolytic fragments was used to detect whether Reelin/Dab1 is involved in neuroprotection exerted by SPC. Our findings suggest that hypoxia-ischemia disrupted cytoarchitecture of dentate gyrus (DG) by inhibiting the migration of dentate neurons of hippocampus, which may eventually lead to long-term cognition deficits. However, SPC could relieve the restricted hippocampal neurons from the subgranular zone of hippocampi combined with the repair of hippocampal-dependent memory function damaged by HIE through attenuating the overactivation of the Reelin/Dab1pathway. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SPC plays a pivotal role in ameliorating neuronal migration disorder and maintain normal cytoarchitecture and spatial learning ability of DG by regulating the Reelin/Dab1 downstream signaling pathway. This indicates the potential therapeutic use of SPC in treating HIE perinatally.
Prevalence of hypertension and its risk factor among textile workers in low-and-middle-income countries: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Ali Naureen , Feroz Anam 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTextile workers are exposed to various hazards in the textile industry that might result in different ailments including hypertension (HTN). However, few attempts have been made to systematically review the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factor among textile workers in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). This review aims to identify the factors and burden of hypertension; considering that modifiable factors can be prevented in this high risk population.MethodsWe will carry out the systematic literature search on the major electronic databases including PubMed, CINAHL Plus, Science Direct, and Cochrane between January 2000 and December 2019, to identify the prevalence and incidence along with risk factors of hypertension in adults’ textile workers in LMIC. Two researchers will independently search the databases. The search strategy will be piloted to ensure sufficient specificity and sensitivity. We will limit the search findings to human studies conducted in the adult workers.DiscussionThis review will highlight the proportion of hypertension along with its risk factor among textile workers in LMICs. Given that, some of the factors can be prevented in this high-risk population, we will call on health, experts to prioritize policies and commission and conduct programs to support the improvement in their health. The findings of this review will be made publicly available and the results will be disseminated via presentations and peer-reviewed publicationsConclusionThe review provides detailed information about the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension that will help to progress the health of textile workers in LMICs.
A practical nomogram for predicting cancer-specific survival in patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Wen Qian , Wang Xinwen , Wang Xiaoye , Bai Tiao , Tao Mei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: It has limitations in predicting patient survival to use of the traditional American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system alone.Objectives: We aimed to establish and evaluate a comprehensive prognostic nomogram and compare its prognostic value with the AJCC staging system in adults diagnosed with ccRCC.Patients and Methods: We used the SEER database to identify 24477 cases of ccRCC between 2010 and 2015. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the development cohort, we used multivariate Cox proportional-hazards analyses to select significant variables, and used R software to establish a nomogram for predicting the 3-year and 5-year survival rates of ccRCC patients. In the development and validation cohorts, we compared our survival model with the AJCC prognosis model to evaluate the performance of the nomogram by calculating the concordance index (C-index), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and performing calibration plotting and decision curve analyses (DCAs). Results: Eleven identified independent prognostic factors were used to establish the nomogram. Age at diagnosis, being unmarried, higher grades, larger tumor size, higher AJCC stage, lymph node metastases, bone metastases, liver metastases, lung metastases, radiotherapy, and no surgery were risk factors for the survival of ccRCC. The C-index, AUC, NRI, IDI, and calibration plots demonstrated the good performance of the nomogram compared to the AJCC staging system. Moreover, the 3-year and 5-year DCA curves showed that the nomogram yielded net benefits that were greater than the traditional AJCC staging system.Conclusion: This study is the first to indicate that married status is an important prognostic parameter in ccRCC. Our results also demonstrate that the developed nomogram can predict survival more accurately than the AJCC staging system alone. The prognostic factors were easily obtained.
Seed characterization and early Nitrogen metabolism performance of seedlings from Altiplano and Coastal ecotypes of Quinoa
Authors: Pinto/Irish Katherine , Alvarez Rodrigo , Pena Teodoro Coba de la , Ibanez Cristian , Vergara Alexander , Castro Patricio , Castro Catalina , Sanhueza Carolina , Bascunan-Godoy Luisa 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Early seed germination and a functional root system development during establishment are crucial attributes contributing to nutrient competence under marginal nutrient soil conditions. Chenopodium quinoa Willd (Chenopodiaceae) is a rustic crop, able to grow in marginal areas. Altiplano and Coastal/Lowlands are two representative zones of quinoa cultivation in South America with contrasting soil fertility and edaphoclimatic conditions. In the present work, we hypothesize that the ecotypes of Quinoa from Altiplano (Socaire) and from Lowland (Faro) have developed differential adaptive responses in order to survive under conditions of low availability of N in their respective climatic zones of Altiplano and Lowlands. In order to understand intrinsic differences for N competence between ecotypes, seed metabolite profile and germinative capacity were studied. Additionally, in order to elucidate the mechanisms of N uptake and assimilation at limiting N conditions during establishment, germinated seeds of both ecotypes were grown at either sufficient nitrate (HN) or low nitrate (LN) supply. We studied the photosynthetic performance, protein store, root morphometrical parameters, activity and expression of N-assimilating enzymes, and the expression of nitrate transporters of roots in plants submitted to the different treatments. Results: Seeds from the Altiplano ecotype presented higher content of free N-related metabolites and faster seed germination rate compared to the Lowland ecotype. Seedlings of both ecotypes presented similar physiological performance at HN supply, but at LN supply their differences were exalted. At LN, Socaire plants showed an increased root biomass (including a higher number and total length of lateral roots), a differential regulation of a nitrate transporter (a NPF6.3 -like homologue) belonging to the Low Affinity Transport System (LATS), and an upregulation of a nitrate transporter (a NRT2.1 -like homologue) belonging to the High Affinity nitrate Transport System (HATS) regard to Faro. These responses as a whole could be linked to a higher amount of stored proteins in leaves, associated to an enhanced photochemical performance in Altiplano plants, in comparison to Lowland quinoa plants. Conclusions: These differential characteristics of Socaire over Faro ecotypes could involve an adaptation to enhanced nitrate uptake under the brutal unfavorable climate conditions of Altiplano.
Comparative analysis of DNA repeats and identification of a Fesreba centromeric element in fescues and ryegrasses
Authors: Zwyrtková Jana , Němečková Alžběta , Čížková Jana , Holušová Kateřina , Kapustová Veronika , Svačina Radim , Kopecký David , Till Bradley John , Doležel Jaroslav , Hřibová Eva 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Cultivated grasses are an important source of food for domestic animals worldwide. Better knowledge of their genomes can speed up development of cultivars with better quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The most widely grown grasses are tetraploid ryegrass ( Lolium ) species and diploid and hexaploid fescues ( Festuca ) species. In this work we characterized repetitive DNA sequences and their contribution to genome size in seven fescue and ryegrass species. Results Partial genome sequences were produced by Illumina technology and used for genome-wide comparative analyses using RepeatExplorer pipeline. Retrotransposons were found to be the most abundant repeat types in all seven grass species. Athila element of Ty3/gypsy family showed most striking difference in copy numbers in nuclear genomes between fescues and ryegrasses. The sequence data enabled the assembly of an LTR element Fesreba, which is highly enriched in centromeric and (peri)centromeric regions in all species. A combination of FISH with a probe specific to Fesreba element and immunostaining with CENH3 antibody showed their colocalization and indicated a possible role of Fesreba in centromere function. Conclusions Comparative analysis of repeatome in a set of fescues and ryegrasses provided new insights into their genome organization and divergence, including the assembly of LTR element Fesreba. The element was abundant in centromeric regions of the fescues and ryegrasses and may have a role in function of their centromeres.
Viral Characteristics and Clinical Presentation in Dengue Co-infection—Findings from a Facility Based Observational Study in Odisha, India
Authors: Turuk Jyotirmayee , Palo Subrata Kumar , Rath Sonalika , Sabat Jyotsnamayee , Subhadra Subhra , Panda Sailendra , Pati Sanghamitra 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Dengue is a widespread disease affecting many countries and about two fifth of the world is at risk for this disease. In India, the dengue incidence has increased in recent past and emerged as an important health problem in many states including Odisha. Cases with dengue co-infection with other diseases usually have atypical clinical presentation.Methods: A facility based longitudinal study was carried out over a period of one year to determine the dengue co-infection and its outcome. The suspected cases were clinically assessed following a standard case report format and serological investigations including serotyping were carried out.Results: 33.6% samples were dengue positive of which 78.5% were positive for NS1 Ag, 26.6% positive for dengue IgM and 5.1% to both. Among the dengue positive cases, 60.9% were male and mean age was 31.52 (+/- 17.03) years. High occurrence of cases was during May to November with maximum in August. Among the 975 dengue positives, 57 (5.8%) were found to have co-infection. Chikungunya was the most common co-infection in 71.9%, followed by herpes simplex (HSV) (7%) and other diseases. Fever was the most common presenting symptom (98.2%), followed by myalgia (91.2%), pain abdomen (12.3%), Rash/lesion (8.8%), burning micturition (5.3%), Petechiae (1.7%) and Pruritus (1.7%) among the co-infected cases.While DEN-2 serotype was observed in majority (74.1%) more than two serotypes was found in 5.85% of dengue positives .Conclusions: All the four dengue serotypes were found to be circulating with DEN-2 as the most predominant one. About 5.8% of dengue cases have co-infection (mainly with chikungunya) and clinically present with atypical signs and symptoms.
The origin and spread of CRF85_BC, driven by heterosexual trasmission among older people in Sichuan, China
Authors: su ling , Feng Yi , Liang Shu , Zeng Yali , Li Yiping , Yang Hong , Li Ye , Wei Dongbin , Yuan Dan , Wang Qiushi Wang , Lai Wenhong , Zhang Linglin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
BackgroudCRF_BC recombinants, including CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC, were considered the predominant subtypes in China. Since the discovery of HIV-1 circulating recombinant form CRF 85_BC in southwest china in 2016, this BC recombinant forms had been reported in different region of China. However, the history and magnitude of CRF85_BC transmission had not been investigated.MethodWe conducted the most recent molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 among newly reported HIV-1 infected patients in Sichuan in 2019 by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 1291 pol sequences. Then, we used maximum likelihood approach and the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling of pol sequences to reconstruct the phylogeographic and demographic dynamics of the CRF85_BC.ResultsHIV-1 CRF85_BC (68/1291, 5.27%) became the fourth most prevalent strain revealing a significant increase in local population. CRF85_BC were only found in heterosexually infected individuals and the majority of CRF85_BC (95.45%) were circulating among the people living with HIV aged 50 years and over (PLHIV50+), which suggests a unique prevalent pattern. We further found that the founder lineages of CRF85_BC were likely to have first emerged in Yunnan, a province of Southwest China bordering Sichuan, in the early 2000s. Then, It spread exponentially to various places (including Guangxi, Sichuan, et al) and later on became endemic around 2008.5 (2007.0-2010.5) in Sichuan.ConclusionTaken together, our ﬁndings on HIV-1 subtype CRF85_BC infections provide new insights into the spread of this virus and extend the understanding of the HIV epidemic in China.