bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etomidate infusion at low doses is an effective and safe treatment for severe Cushing’s syndrome outside intensive care
Authors: Constantinescu Stefan M , Driessens Natacha , Lefebvre Aurélie , Furnica Raluca M , Corvilain Bernard , Maiter Dominique 
Published: May 2020

Introduction
Intravenous etomidate infusion is effective to rapidly lower cortisol levels in severe Cushing’s syndrome (CS) in the intensive care unit (ICU). Recently, etomidate treatment has also been proposed at lower doses in non-ICU wards, but it is not yet clear how this approach compares to ICU treatment.

Methods
We compared data from patients with severe CS treated with high starting doses of etomidate (median: 0.30 mg/kg BW/day) in ICU or with lower starting doses (median: 0.025 mg/kg BW/day) in non-ICU medical wards.

Results
Fourteen patients were included, among which ten were treated with low starting doses (LD) and four with high starting doses etomidate (HD). All patients had severe and complicated CS related to adrenal carcinoma (n = 8) or ectopic ACTH secretion (n = 6). Etomidate was effective in reducing cortisol levels below 500 nmol/L in a median of 1 day in the HD group compared to 3 days in the LD group (P = 0.013). However, all patients of the HD group had etomidate-induced cortisol insufficiency and needed frequent monitoring, while no patient from the LD group required hydrocortisone supplementation. No patient in either group died from complications of CS or etomidate treatment, but final outcome was poor as six patients in the LD group and all four patients in the HD group died from their cancer during follow-up.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that, for patients with severe CS who do not require intensive organ-supporting therapy, the use of very low doses of etomidate in medical wards should be considered.
An early assessment of the efficacy of medicines in the treatment of patients with COVID-19
Authors: Kolbin A. S. 
Published: May 2020

Coronavirus infection 2019 is considered a modern challenge to the world community. In the absence of vaccines and antivirals, effective and safe medicines are an urgent request from the healthcare system. We have evaluated the medical technologies for COVID-19 which are being examined. The search was conducted on the СlinicalTrials.gov at the beginning of April 2020. As a result it was shown that the growth of new clinical trials in the world devoted to COVID-19 is growing by 65% per week. More often, interventional clinical trials of the II and III phases are carried out. Most studies are planned or conducted in Western Europe (n = 92), China (n = 79), and the United States (n = 51). Surrogate points are usually evaluated, such as: clinical recovery, symptom-based disease relief (fever, cough, diarrhea, myalgia, shortness of breath), lack of progression of shortness of breath, rate of artificial ventilation, rate of admission to the intensive care unit, etc. It is antimalarial drugs that are mainly studied. Currently, it is not possible to discuss the efficacy and safety of a drug in the treatment of COVID-19, as most studies have just begun. The therapeutic regimens proposed now in clinical recommendations have no evidence base, and the studies indicated in them are at best considered hypothesizing.
A survey of examining herd measles immunity in adults over 35 years old
Authors: Rubis L. V. 
Published: May 2020

A high measles incidence rate has been registered in Russia in recent years, with adults being actively involved in the epidemic process (about 40% of patients), thereby underlying relevance of assessing herd immunity in different age groups to measure its risk. The data on examining serum antibodies to measles virus in 402 residents of Petrozavodsk are shown: 164 and 238 subjects were born in 1948–1968 (51–71 years) and 1970–1983 (36–50 years), respectively. It was found that the second group had significantly higher percentage not only of seropositive persons (94.1±1.5 vs. 77.4±3.3%, respectively), but also frequency of detected high IgG level (5 and more IU/l) reaching 39.7±3.5 vs. 15.4±5.8%, respectively. Analysis of vaccination history showed that of 351 people with protective antibody levels, 20.9% were vaccinated once or twice, 14 of them in childhood and 63 within the 15 years prior to the study. Of the 51 people with no measles antibodies or below protective level, 13.7% were vaccinated: five in childhood, and two within the last 15 years. Among those who was born in 1948–1968, 87.1±2.2% provided no information about previous vaccinations and probably were not vaccinated. In this group, percentage of those examined with a protective antibody level was significantly higher than in the 36–50 years group — 87.1±2.2 and 62.2±4.3%, respectively. In addition, 23 subjects confirmed that they recovered after measles in childhood. Of these, antibodies were detected in 21 subjects, including 9 having serum titer at level of 5 or more IU/ml. Until 1969, the Republic of Karelia registered a high level of measles morbidity (477–2176,0 per 100 thousand). The predominance in the group born before 1969, individuals seropositive to measles mainly at high titer, indicates that intense post-infectious immunity was preserved. The lack of protective level of antibodies to measles virus in 22.6% of persons aged 36–50 years (1969–1983 year of birth), due to the low level of post-infectious and insufficient durability of post-vaccination immunity allowing to definer them as a high risk group for measles infection.
Cerebrospinal fluid adenosine deaminase level as a diagnostic marker in adult tuberculous meningitis: a study conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India
Authors: Biswas Biswajit , Ghosh Balaram , Mandal Arpan , Saha Dipan 
Published: May 2020

Background: Tubercular meningitis is one of the highly prevalent form of meningitis in the world and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries like India. Lack of early and timely diagnosis and subsequent initiation of treatment makes the fatality rate even higher. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is most important aspect of lab diagnosis in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) worldwide. The objective of this study was to study the cerebrospinal fluid CSF adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels in TBM and non-TBM meningitis cases and to determine its diagnostic significance as a biochemical marker of TBM infection.Methods: The study population comprised three different patient groups. TBM (n=36), pyogenic meningitis (n=17) and aseptic meningitis group (n=12). Total 75 subjects were enrolled consecutively in the study and CSF specimens were collected from them. ADA and other cytological and biochemical estimation were carried out using standard protocol.Results: ADA level in TBM in compare to non-TBM was more and mean ADA level of TBM, AM and PM are 26.423±3.8, 2.602±0.5 and 6.29±0.3 respectively. There are highly significant differences between the TBM and non-TBM groups and also in compare with individual groups.Conclusions: CSF ADA levels are elevated in the TBM cases as compared to the non-TBM - meningitis cases. Results are statistically significant. It is a simple and inexpensive diagnostic adjunctive test in the rapid and early diagnosis of TBM.
Psychotropic drug utilization in psychiatric outpatient department of a tertiary care government hospital
Authors: Jena Pragyan Paramita , Naik Birendra Narayan , Rath Bhabagrahi 
Published: May 2020

Background: Mental disorders are associated with significant distress in social, occupational and other important activities. Of the ten health conditions contributing to the DALYs, four are psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric disorders form an important public health priority and major causes of morbidity. Psychotropic drugs had a remarkable impact in psychiatric practice. The utilization, clinical practice, effectiveness and safety in real life situation need continuous study.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out by analyzing prescriptions of patients who visited the OPD of the psychiatry department of VIMSAR, Burla for a period of 4 months. Patients of all ages and both sexes were included in this study with exclusion of patients suffering from epilepsy and cases with uncertain diagnosis. The prescribing pattern was analyzed using WHO basic drug indicators.Results: Average number of drugs per prescription was 3.17. Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) was the most common psychiatric condition (44%) with a male predominance followed by schizophrenia. Olanzapine was the most common antipsychotic used. The most frequently used fixed dose combination was tri-hexiphenydyl and risperidone. Prescribing frequency of different psychotropic drugs (antipsychotics, antianxiety, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressant, mood stabilizers) were compared.Conclusions: The study advocated a rational use of psychotropic drugs with fewer deviations due to socio-economic status of patients and prescription practices of healthcare providers.
A study on mean anion gap over 6 hours after admission as a predictor of pediatric mortality in pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Jain Mayank , Jain Priya , Lal Sandeep Narayan , Ranjan Vivek 
Published: May 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The aims of the study was to correlate change in anion gap at 0 and 6 hours of admission with mortality in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Fifty children up to 12 years of age, admitted in PICU were included in the study. Blood gas anion gap levels were taken at 0 and 6 hours of admission and change in anion gap was calculated. Final outcome was recorded. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 50 patients enrolled in the study, 18 (36%) patients died and 32 (64%) survived. Mortality was higher in group with increased anion gap after 6 hours of admission as compared to survived. Change in anion gap was higher in expired patient as compared to survivors.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Mortality was higher in group with increased anion gap after 6 hours of admission.</p>
Nasopharyngeal cancers in University of Port Harcourt teaching hospital: a five year review
Authors: Uju Ibekwe Matilda 
Published: May 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Nasopharyngeal cancer though an uncommon head and neck cancer, has high morbidity and mortality. It is a cancer that has peculiar geographic variations and hence has been studied by a lot of researchers globally. It however has not been studied as an entity in the South region. This study was to determine the clinical and histologic presentations as well as the prevalence of this disease in Port Harcourt.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Hospital based retrospective review of all patients with confirmed diagnosis of nasopharyngeal cancer seen within the period of January 2014 to December 2018 at ENT Department University of Port Harcourt teaching hospital. The hospital records were the source of data. The demographics, clinical presentations, histology, investigations and outcome were all collated from the records and were analyzed with IBM SPSS version 25. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Forty-one patients were studied with age range of 12-85 years. The mean age was 43±15.1 years. Male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Age 40 to 49 years was the most affected. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma was the commonest cancer recorded 68.29% followed by non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 19.5%. Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest histologic type 43.9%. Commonest symptoms were neck swelling and nasal congestion 24.55%. Age distribution showed a statistical difference with histology of cancer. Mortality of 4.87 was recorded; the rest was lost to follow up.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the commonest cancer in the nasopharynx. It is significantly related with age. Patients often present late and it has very high morbidity and mortality rate. Attention to early vague symptoms will enhance early diagnosis, treatment therefore prognosis.</p>
Does epithelial mesenchymal transition markers snail and slug correlate with clinical stage of oral cancer: a clinico-pathological study of 258 patients
Authors: Arya Suvercha , Arora Vipin , Taneja Harish C. , Gogoi Priyanka 
Published: May 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Head and neck cancers are the 6th most common cancers worldwide. In contrast, according to population-based cancer registries these constitute the commonest cancer in Indian men and third most common cancer in women. Oral cancer is the commonest head neck cancer, attributed to rampant smoking and chewing of tobacco and areca nut in India. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the process in which committed epithelial cells undergo transformation into mesenchymal phenotype, that has invasive properties and thus contribute to metastatic potential of cancers.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The current study was undertaken to correlate the expression of EMT markers snail and slug with tumor stage at the time of presentation. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In present study, snail positivity was 60% in patients presenting at stage 1, 73% in stage 2, 85% in stage 3 and 90% in stage 4 patients. There was no significant association between clinical staging and snail positivity (p=0.549). Slug positivity was 40% in patients presenting at stage 1, 26.7% in stage 2, 59% in stage 3 and 77% in stage 4 patients. There was significant association between clinical staging and Slug positivity (p=0.002). Either snail or slug expression was found in 89.53% patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We found that EMT marker slug expression was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage of oral cancer at the time of presentation.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
A comparative study between tinnitus masking and tinnitus retraining therapy on perceived tinnitus handicap and cognition
Authors: Chatterjee Indranil , Gore Geeta 
Published: May 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Since last one decade there were no such studies done in India on the efficacy of tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) on tinnitus treatment. Here, in this study we try to find out whether TRT is an effective tool than tinnitus masking as a treatment procedure of tinnitus in Indian context.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 60 participants (with no prior history of presence of hearing loss) were divided into two groups. Group 1 was consisted of 30 subjects provided tinnitus masking using relief app at the ease of their home environment for 2 months. Group 2 was consisted of another 30 subjects have been provided tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) for 2months (60 sessions). The design is experimental design. The study was carried out in eight phases. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The findings of this study suggested that both the tinnitus masking therapy as well as TRT helped tinnitus sufferers to improve after 60 days of therapy continuation at initial stage. But a significant marked difference was found in terms of performance in participants from group 2 who had undergone TRT i.e., they performed very well after one month of post transfer therapeutic sessions than those who had undergone tinnitus masking therapy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The findings of this study are suggestive of that TRT is more effective than tinnitus masking therapy in tinnitus individuals even after one month of stopping therapy sessions. It also suggests that TRT has a long-term effect on tinnitus management than tinnitus masking.</p>
Study of laryngeal lesions undergoing microlaryngeal surgery in a tertiary health centre
Authors: K. S. Gangadhara , Vadva Chaitanya , S. Sridhara 
Published: May 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Patients with laryngeal lesions were evaluated for age and sex ratio, analysis of clinical features, videolaryngoscopic findings and histopathological features. Assessment of therapeutic role of microlaryngeal surgery (MLS) by telescopic method and also prognosis after surgery and voice therapy were evaluated.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective institutional based study. A total of 18 patients with vocal cord lesions the chief complaint being hoarseness of voice were subjected to surgery in a tertiary health centre. After thorough evaluation patients underwent MLS by telescopic method. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our study 6 patients stand out to be benign lesions and 12 patients stand out to be pre malignant and malignant lesions. Improvement in voice after surgery was reported in all patients. No recurrence was reported after 6-8 months of follow-up.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> MLS is a good tool as it is precise and cost effective. MLS by telescopic method is a good therapeutic tool in both benign and malignant vocal cord lesions.</p>
Tracheostomy in paediatric patients
Authors: Saraf Aditiya , Begh Raies Ahmad , Jyoti Deep , Jamwal Padam Singh 
Published: May 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The objective of the study was to evaluate paediatric tracheostomies in the Department of ENT, GMC.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present prospective study was performed in the Department of ENT, GMC Jammu from January 2018 to 2020 on 20 paediatric patients (&lt;17 years of age). All children were evaluated with respect to age, indication of tracheostomy, complications (intra-operative and post-operative) and mortality. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The most common indication for tracheostomy was prolonged intubation (85%). Intraoperative complication in the form of creation of false passage was seen in 1 patient (5%). The most common early post-operative complication was tube obstruction (20%). Late complication in the form of stomal granulation was seen in 2 patients (10%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Over the years, more specific indications for tracheostomy are followed and better results are observed. Paediatric tracheostomy at our institute was associated with less procedure related morbidity and mortality.</p>
Pemahaman Wajib Belajar 12 Tahun di Sekolah Bawang Banjarmasin
Authors: Hasanah Mahmudah , Mutiani Mutiani 
Published: May 2020

Wajib belajar (Wajar) 12 tahun merupakan hak bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia. Pelaksanaan Wajar 12 tahun diharapkan mampu mendorong peningkatan mutu lulusan dan mutu pendidikan di Indonesia. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemahaman wajar 12 tahun melalui pendampingan yang dilakukan di Sekolah Bawang Banjarmasin. Pemilihan lokasi didasari oleh peserta didik di Sekolah Bawang didominasi oleh anak gelandangan, kuli angkut, maupun remaja putus sekolah. Pelaksanaan pendampingan dilakukan setiap hari sabtu pada 21 April dan 12 Mei 2018. Penyampaian materi digunakan metode ceramah bervariasi serta mengedepankan prinsip pendekatan saintifik dalam kurikulum 2013. Hasil pengabdian dipaparkan, yakni; 1) peserta didik yang mengenyam pendidikan di Sekolah Bawang Banjarmasin didominasi oleh masyarakat yang kurang mampu bekerja di Pasar Lima sebagai juru parkir, kuli angkut, buruh kupas bawang, 2) Sekolah Bawang Banjarmasin banyak memiliki buku yang tidak up to date sehingga tidak menarik perhatian peserta didik, dan 3) lingkungan di Sekolah Bawang Banjarmasin sangat kumuh. Hal ini dikarenakan lokasi berdekatan dengan pasar. Pengabdian masyarakat memberikan motivasi bagi peserta didik yang belajar di Sekolah Bawang karena mereka diberikan pengalaman belajar dengan metode yang beragam. Pengabdian masyarakat sebagai langkah konkret bentuk kepedulian sosial dari lembaga Program Studi Pendidikan IPS FKIP ULM.The 12-year compulsory education is a right for all Indonesian people. Implementation of the 12-year Fair is expected to be able to encourage improvement in the quality of graduates and the quality of education in Indonesia. This article aims to describe a reasonable understanding of 12 years through mentoring conducted at the Sekolah Bawang, Banjarmasin. The location selection is based on students in Sekolah Bawang which are dominated by homeless children, porters, and teenagers who drop out of school. The assistance is carried out every Saturday on April 21 and May 12, 2018. The submission of material used varied lecture methods and emphasizes the principles of the scientific approach in the 2013 curriculum. Service results are presented, namely; 1) students who study in Sekolah Bawang are dominated by people who are less able to work in Pasar Lima as parking attendants, porters, onion peel workers, 2) Sekolah Bawang have many books that are not up to date so that they do not attract the attention of participants students, and 3) the environment in Sekolah Bawang is very dirty. This is because the location is close to the market. Community service motivates students who study at Sekolah Bawang because they are given learning experiences with a variety of methods. Community service as a concrete step in the form of social care from the Social Studies Department FKIP ULM.
Pendampingan Pengelolaan Laboratorium IPA bagi Guru SMA Negeri 1 Amuntai
Authors: Sholahuddin Arif , Suharto Bambang , Sanjaya Rahmat Eko , Mahdian Mahdian , Saadi Parham , Elfa Noor 
Published: May 2020

Tujuan kegiatan pengabdiaan masyarakat ini ialah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan pengelola laboratorium dalam mengelola laboratorium IPA. Kegiatan ini melibatkan peserta yakni guru-guru mata pelajaran eksakta di SMAN 1 Amuntai. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah metode kombinasi yaitu ceramah, demonstrasi, dan sosialisasi formal dengan penyampaian materi secara teoritis (ceramah) tentang pengelolaan dan manajemen laboratorium IPA, kemudian diikuti dengan praktik lapangan di laboratorium IPA. Praktek lapangan berupa kunjungan ke laboratorium IPA untuk melakukan manajeman secara langsung dalam hal tata letak dan desain laboratorium IPA. Hasil kegiatan ini ialah peserta telah memperoleh wawasan dan pengetahuan terkait manajemen, pengelolaan dan K3 laboratorium. Artinya, kegiatan ini bisa menjadi pedoman dalam meningkatkan kualitas mutu dan pengelolaan laboratorium di sekolah. The purpose of this community service activity is to improve the skills of laboratory managers in managing the science laboratory. This activity involved the participants, the exact subject of teachers at SMAN 1 Amuntai. The method of carrying out activities carried out is a combination method, namely lectures, demonstrations, and formal socialization with the delivery of theoretical material (lectures) about the management and management of the Natural Sciences laboratory, then followed by field practice in the Natural Sciences laboratory. Field practice in the form of a visit to the science laboratory to conduct direct management in terms of the layout and design of the science laboratory. The result of this activity is that the participants have gained insight and knowledge related to management, management, and laboratory K3. That is, this activity can be a guideline in improving the quality and management of laboratories in schools.