bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a codified design of recycled aggregate concrete structures: Background for the new fib Model Code 2020 and Eurocode 2
Authors: Tošić Nikola , Torrenti Jean Michel , Sedran Thierry , Ignjatović Ivan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe use of recycled aggregate (RA) to produce recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is a proven way of decreasing the consumption of natural aggregate (NA) and the landfilling of construction and demolition waste. However, adoption of codes for the design of RAC and RAC structures has been lacking. Within the framework of the new fib Model Code 2020 and Eurocode 2, provisions for RAC can be adopted. Therefore, in this study, a comprehensive and critical review of literature on RAC is performed as well as own meta‐analyses of results. Material properties of RAC and structural behavior of reinforced and prestressed RAC members are analyzed, and based on the findings, code adjustments for RAC are proposed. The results show that, in order to incorporate RAC into design codes, changes are necessary in expressions for physical–mechanical properties (volumetric mass, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, fracture energy, peak and ultimate strains, shrinkage strain and creep coefficient), durability‐related properties (minimum concrete cover for durability) and structural behavior (shear strength of members not requiring shear reinforcement and deflections). The recommendations are formulated in terms of the total mass substitution ratio of RA that can be classified as Type A according to standard EN 206 for concrete. The results and findings presented herein can provide an important contribution toward the codification of RAC use and the wider utilization of RA in construction.
The multifaceted eukaryotic cap structure
Authors: Pelletier Jerry , Schmeing T. Martin , Sonenberg Nahum 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe 5′ cap structure is added onto RNA polymerase II transcripts soon after initiation of transcription and modulates several post‐transcriptional regulatory events involved in RNA maturation. It is also required for stimulating translation initiation of many cytoplasmic mRNAs and serves to protect mRNAs from degradation. These functional properties of the cap are mediated by several cap binding proteins (CBPs) involved in nuclear and cytoplasmic gene expression steps. The role that CBPs play in gene regulation, as well as the biophysical nature by which they recognize the cap, is quite intricate. Differences in mechanisms of capping as well as nuances in cap recognition speak to the potential of targeting these processes for drug development. In this review, we focus on recent findings concerning the cap epitranscriptome, our understanding of cap binding by different CBPs, and explore therapeutic targeting of CBP‐cap interaction.This article is categorized under:
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Recognition
RNA Processing > Capping and 5′ End Modifications
Translation > Translation Mechanisms
Modulation of green to red photoconversion of GFP during fluorescent microscopy by carbon source and oxygen availability
Authors: Bidiuk Victoria A. , Agaphonov Michael O. , Alexandrov Alexander I. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStudies have reported on the ability of green fluorescent proteins to photoconvert into a red fluorescent form under various conditions, such as the presence of oxidants, hypoxia, as well as under benign conditions using irradiation with a 405 nm laser. Here, we show that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast green fluorescent protein (GFP) (S65T) fused to different cellular proteins can easily photoconvert into a red form when cells are grown in media with nonfermentable carbon sources. This photoconversion occurs during standard microscopy between glass slide and coverslip but is completely prevented by imaging on pads of solid medium or in a large volume of medium on an inverted microscope. The observed effect was due to rapid hypoxia of cells with respiratory metabolism in standard conditions for upright microscopy. Photoconversion could be prevented by antioxidant treatment, suggesting that it proceeds via the effects of reactive oxidative species emerging in response to oxygen deficiency. Our results show the need for caution during upright microscopy imaging in conditions where there is active respiration and demonstrate simple approaches to prevent unwanted GFP photoconversion. They also provide easy means of performing photoconversion experiments on existing GFP‐bearing cell lines, at least in the case of yeast.
Instanton resummation and the Weak Gravity Conjecture
Authors: Heidenreich Ben , Long Cody , McAllister Liam , Rudelius Tom , Stout John 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We develop methods for resummation of instanton lattice series. Using these tools, we investigate the consequences of the Weak Gravity Conjecture for large-field axion inflation. We find that the Sublattice Weak Gravity Conjecture implies a constraint on the volume of the axion fundamental domain. However, we also identify conditions under which alignment and clockwork constructions, and a new variant of N -flation that we devise, can evade this constraint. We conclude that some classes of low-energy effective theories of large-field axion inflation are consistent with the strongest proposed form of the Weak Gravity Conjecture, while others are not.
Electro-magnetic energy extraction from rotating black holes in AdS
Authors: Callebaut Nele , Rodriguez Maria J. , Verlinde Herman 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Force-Free Electrodynamics for black holes in Anti de Sitter is considered. We present new, energy extracting solutions of Force-Free Electrodynamics in Anti de Sitter-Near Horizon Extremal Kerr and Super-Entropic Near Horizon Extremal Kerr geometries. The relevant equations of motion are derived from an action for force-free plasma surrounding spinning black holes with generic asymptotics. We consider the energy flux of electrodynamic fields in rotating frames to argue that the correct measure for energy extraction is the energy flux measured by a rotating observer in the near horizon region. We illustrate this procedure by application to near horizon solutions in Kerr, AdS-Kerr and BTZ.
Towards the classification of rank-r $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 SCFTs. Part I. Twisted partition function and central charge formulae
Authors: Martone Mario 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We derive explicit formulae to compute the a and c central charges of four dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal field theories (SCFTs) directly from Coulomb branch related quantities. The formulae apply at arbitrary rank. We also discover general properties of the low-energy limit behavior of the flavor symmetry of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFTs which culminate with our $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 UV-IR simple flavor condition. This is done by determining precisely the relation between the integrand of the partition function of the topologically twisted version of the 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFTs and the singular locus of their Coulomb branches. The techniques developed here are extensively applied to many rank-2 SCFTs, including new ones, in a companion paper.This manuscript is dedicated to the memory of Rayshard Brooks, George Floyd, Breonna Taylor and the countless black lives taken by US police forces and still awaiting justice. Our hearts are with our colleagues of color who suffer daily the consequences of this racist world.
Two dialects for KZB equations: generating one-loop open-string integrals
Authors: Broedel Johannes , Kaderli André , Schlotterer Oliver 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTwo different constructions generating the low-energy expansion of genus-one configuration-space integrals appearing in one-loop open-string amplitudes have been put forward in refs. [1–3]. We are going to show that both approaches can be traced back to an elliptic system of Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov-Bernard(KZB) type on the twice-punctured torus.We derive an explicit all-multiplicity representation of the elliptic KZB system for a vector of iterated integrals with an extra marked point and explore compatibility conditions for the two sets of algebra generators appearing in the two differential equations.
Making near-extremal wormholes traversable
Authors: Fallows Seamus , Ross Simon F. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We construct a traversable wormhole from a charged AdS black hole by adding a coupling between the two boundary theories. We investigate how the effect of this deformation behaves in the extremal limit of the black hole. The black holes have finite entropy but an infinitely long throat in the extremal limit. We argue that it is still possible to make the throat traversable even in the extremal limit, but this requires either tuning the field for which we add a boundary coupling close to an instability threshold or scaling the strength of the coupling inversely with the temperature. In the latter case we show that the amount of information that can be sent through the wormhole scales with the entropy.
Uplifting supersymmetric AdS6 black holes to type II supergravity
Authors: Suh Minwoo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Employing uplift formulae, we uplift supersymmetric AdS6 black holes from F(4) gauged supergravity to massive type IIA and type IIB supergravity. In massive type IIA supergravity, we obtain supersymmetric AdS6 black holes asymptotic to the Brandhuber-Oz solution. In type IIB supergravity, we obtain supersymmetric AdS6 black holes asymptotic to the non-Abelian T-dual of the Brandhuber-Oz solution. For the uplifted black hole solutions, we calculate the holographic entanglement entropy. In massive type IIA supergravity, it precisely matches the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the black hole solutions.
Personal protective equipment in the COVID-19 pandemic and the use of cooling-wear as alleviator of thermal stress
Authors: Luze Hanna , Nischwitz Sebastian P. , Kotzbeck Petra , Fink Julia , Holzer Judith C. J. , Popp Daniel , Kamolz Lars-Peter 
Published: December 2020

Summary
Background
High temperatures at workplaces lead to health-related risks and premature exhaustion. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires many health professionals to perform under unfavorable conditions. Personal protective equipment (PPE) causes thermal stress and negatively affects performance.

Patients, materials and methods
This pilot project investigated the effects of PPE and additional cooling wear on physiological parameters and concentration of six healthy staff members of the Plastic Surgery Department of the Medical University of Graz, Austria during simulated patient care. In this study two 1‑hour cycles with patient care-related tasks with PPE and PPE + cooling-wear, respectively, were conducted. A third cycle with scrubs exclusively served as baseline/negative control. The assessment occurred immediately pre-cycles and post-cycles.

Results
Pre-cycle assessments showed no significant differences between the cycles. After PPE cycle, increased physical stress levels and decrements in concentration capacity were observed. Physiological parameters were significantly less affected in the cooling cycle, while concentration capacity slightly increased.

Conclusion
COVID-19 PPE causes considerable thermal stress, ultimately affecting human performance. As opportunity to withstand thermal stress, and improve patients’ and professionals’ safety, cooling-wear can be considered relevant. Medical personnel performing in exceptional situations may particularly benefit from further development and investigation of cooling strategies.
Flexible iterative ensemble smoother for calibration of perfect and imperfect models
Authors: Rammay Muzammil Hussain , Elsheikh Ahmed H. , Chen Yan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIterative ensemble smoothers have been widely used for calibrating simulators of various physical systems due to the relatively low computational cost and the parallel nature of the algorithm. However, iterative ensemble smoothers have been designed for perfect models under the main assumption that the specified physical models and subsequent discretized mathematical models have the capability to model the reality accurately. While significant efforts are usually made to ensure the accuracy of the mathematical model, it is widely known that the physical models are only an approximation of reality. These approximations commonly introduce some type of model error which is generally unknown and when the models are calibrated, the effects of the model errors could be smeared by adjusting the model parameters to match historical observations. This results in a bias estimated parameters and as a consequence might result in predictions with questionable quality. In this paper, we formulate a flexible iterative ensemble smoother, which can be used to calibrate imperfect models where model errors cannot be neglected. We base our method on the ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (ES-MDA) as it is one of the most widely used iterative ensemble smoothing techniques. In the proposed algorithm, the residual (data mismatch) is split into two parts. One part is used to derive the parameter update and the second part is used to represent the model error. The proposed method is quite general and relaxes many of the assumptions commonly introduced in the literature. We observe that the proposed algorithm has the capability to reduce the effect of model bias by capturing the unknown model errors, thus improving the quality of the estimated parameters and prediction capacity of imperfect physical models.
Microstructure evolution-based design of thermal post-treatments for EBM-built Alloy 718
Authors: Goel Sneha , Zaninelli Enrico , Gårdstam Johannes , Klement Uta , Joshi Shrikant 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Alloy 718 samples were fabricated by electron beam melting (EBM) additive manufacturing process. The work focused on systematic investigation of response of the material to various thermal post-treatments, involving hot isostatic pressing (HIPing), solution treatment (ST) and two-step aging, to tailor post-treatment procedure for EBM-built Alloy 718. Results showed that HIPing at lowered temperature can be used for attaining desired defect closure while preserving grain size. Subjecting the material to ST, with or without prior HIPing, mainly caused precipitation of δ phase at the grain boundaries with prior HIPing decreasing the extent of δ phase precipitation. Moreover, results suggest that the utility of ST, with prior HIPing, could be dictated by the need to achieve a certain δ phase content, as the typically targeted homogenization after ST had already been achieved through HIPing. Detailed investigation of microstructural evolution during subsequent aging with and without prior HIPing showed that a significantly shortened aging treatment (‘4 + 1’ h), compared to the ‘standard’ long treatment (‘8 + 8’ h) traditionally developed for conventionally produced Alloy 718, might be realizable. These results can have significant techno-economic implications in designing tailored post-treatments for EBM-built Alloy 718.

Graphical abstract
Theoriekonstruktion durch Theorienvergleich – eine soziologische Theorietechnik
Authors: Anicker Fabian 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungTheorienvergleiche sind nicht nur ein kollektives Unternehmen zur Sicherung fachlicher Standards. Sie können auch dem eigenen produktiven Umgang mit Theorienvielfalt dienen und eignen sich sogar für die Konstruktion neuer Theorien. Es wird gezeigt, dass in der Praxis soziologischer Theorie bereits eine Technik der Theoriekonstruktion durch Theorienvergleich besteht und diese implizite Technik in einem allgemeinen Schema expliziert werden kann. Die Strategie bei der Herausarbeitung dieser Theorietechnik besteht im rekonstruktiven Reverse Engineering von Schlüsseltexten der soziologischen Theorie. Dabei wird nicht nach den Inhalten, sondern nach den Texten zugrundeliegenden Strategien der Theoriekonstruktion und -darstellung gefragt und nach Möglichkeiten gesucht, diese in eine kontextunabhängige Form zu bringen. Durch diesen Beitrag zum methodischen Selbstbewusstsein der soziologischen Theorie soll die Praxis der Theoriekonstruktion leichter erlernbar und die Darstellung theoretischer Innovationen transparenter gemacht werden.
Von performativen Äußerungen zum Performative Turn. Performativitätstheorien zwischen Sprach- und Medienparadigma
Authors: Gertenbach Lars 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff der Performativität hat in den Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften der letzten Jahre eine beachtliche Karriere aufzuweisen, bleibt aber inhaltlich oftmals unbestimmt. Gleiches gilt für den proklamierten Performative Turn. Ausgehend von aktuellen Debatten um das Performativitätskonzept, wie sie etwa im Anschluss an die Schriften von Karen Barad und Michel Callon geführt werden, sollen diese Diskussionen im Beitrag genauer sortiert und einer kritischen Reflexion unterzogen werden. Er beginnt zunächst mit einer Rekonstruktion der Sprechakttheorie von John Austin und der kulturwissenschaftlichen Aneignung des Begriffs der Performativität, bevor er sich anschließend eingehender der soziologischen Theorie zuwendet. Im Fokus stehen hierbei Pierre Bourdieu und Judith Butler, die als Gegenpositionen zu Barad und Callon begriffen werden können. Um die Differenz dieser beiden Varianten des Performative Turns genauer zu fassen, wird schließlich mithilfe neuerer Medientheorien zwischen zwei maßgeblichen Theoriemodellen unterschieden: einem sprachtheoretischen und einem medientheoretischen. Dadurch ist es möglich, Missverständnisse und Ungenauigkeiten in der bisherigen Auseinandersetzung aufzudecken und den Innovationsgehalt sowie die Schwachstellen der unterschiedlichen Positionen genauer abzuschätzen.
The Gift of Aphrodite in Iliad 24.30
Authors: Mancilla Cristian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the famous story of Paris’ choice, he favoured the goddess who offered him ‘grievous lust’ (μαχλοσύνην ἀλɛγɛινήν). This is what Homer tells us in Il. 24.30. It has not often been noticed that Cratinus (5th cent. BC) and Lucian (2nd cent. AD) mention another gift – that Aphrodite's bribe was to make Paris irresistible to women. This alternative version happens to correspond to a high degree with several literary and artistic representations of the same story, telling it in a manner that implies or suggests the variant account. This paper argues that the set of instances containing this alternative gift may be based on an actual episode within the oral tradition. Homer himself seems to hint at this link when he refers to the ‘grievous lust’ of Paris. The Homeric reference to the alternative gift was acknowledged by Herbert Rose in 1951, even though he rejected the line in Homer which mentioned the Judgement of Paris (Il. 24.30). This seeming contradiction of Rose's accepting the alternative gift while rejecting the Judgement makes his explanation rather atypical. His uncommon viewpoint, nevertheless, will allow us to identify the presence of this alternative gift in many literary and artistic works, whether explicitly mentioned, implied, or suggested.
Extending the Domain of the Value of a Statistical Life
Authors: Viscusi W. Kip 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe value of a statistical life (VSL) establishes the money-risk tradeoff that U.S. government agencies have used for four decades to monetize the mortality reduction benefits of proposed regulations. This article advocates the adoption of the VSL more generally both for policy evaluation purposes and for setting the magnitude of regulatory sanctions involving fatalities. Agencies currently employ the inconsistent practice of using the VSL to set the stringency of regulations, while at the same time, reverting to very low monetary values of sanctions for violations that result in fatalities. Reform of penalty levels to reflect the VSL will require increasing the current statutory limits on regulatory penalties. Revamping the penalty structure also will incentivize private companies to incorporate the VSL in their corporate risk analyses. Government agencies, including those concerned with national defense, similarly could profit from greater expansion of the use of the VSL in policy decisions.
Ancient handbooks and Graeco-Egyptian collections of alchemical recipes
Authors: Martelli Matteo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA fluid terminology was used in antiquity to refer to scientific or philosophical writings that, in some respects, may be equated with what one would call today a handbook or manual. In particular, this paper will explore a group of treatises that may be counted as examples of ancientencheiridia, a Greek term that could mean ‘hand-knife’, ‘handbook’ and even ‘napkin, towel’. All these meanings have something to tell us about the nature and the history of ancientencheiridia, some of which can be identified with well-known pieces of Graeco-Roman literature. However, the spectrum of ancientencheiridiacan be further enlarged by exploring sources that are often neglected. After giving an up-to-date overview of ancient ‘handbooks’, the article will discuss the termencheiridionin Graeco-Egyptian alchemical literature. In fact, fresh textual investigations of the Syriac tradition of Zosimus of Panopolis point to the circulation of ancient recipe books that bore this title. On the one hand, this investigation will shed new light on the tradition of other important collections of alchemical recipes, such as the medievalMappae clavicula. On the other, it will highlight some strategies that ancient alchemical authors developed in selecting, reorganizing and legitimizing earlier alchemical recipes.
From under the elbow to pointing to the palm: Chinese metaphors for learning medicine by the book (fourth–fourteenth centuries)
Authors: Hanson Marta 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article focuses on transformations in the main metaphors in ancient to late medieval titles of Chinese medical books used to convey to potential readers their ‘learning-by-the-book’ contents. It finds that in contrast to the European preference for hand metaphors in the genre terms – enchiridions, manuals and handbooks – the Chinese medical archive preserves bodily metaphors within which the hand metaphor appears only rarely in the early medieval period and is then superseded by metaphors that rely on the fingers and palms more than the hands per se. This longue durée survey from roughly the fourth to the fourteenth centuries of the wide-ranging metaphors for ‘handy medical books’ places their historical emergence and transformation within the history of Chinese medical manuscripts and printed texts. Metaphors in medical titles conveyed to potential readers at the time significant textual innovations in how medical knowledge would be presented to them. For later historians, they provide evidence of profound changes in managing an increasingly complex and expanding archive of Chinese medical manuscripts and printed texts. Innovations in textual reorganization intended to facilitate ‘learning by the book’ were often creatively captured in an illuminating range of genre distinctions, descriptors and metaphors.
Estimating the predictive value of negative severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) results: A prospective study
Authors: Hirschwerk David , Foley Mathew , Lesser Martin , Farber Bruce , Crawford James M. , Davidson Karina W. , Berry Gregory J. , Smith Elizabeth , Kast Charles , Volel Vladimir , McGinn Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe performed a prospective study of 501 patients, regardless of symptoms, admitted to the hospital, to estimate the predictive value of a negative nasopharyngeal swab for severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). At a positivity rate of 10.2%, the estimated negative predictive value (NPV) was 97.2% and the NPV rose as prevalence decreased during the study.