bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition‐Metal‐Free Synthesis of Heterobiaryls through 1,2‐Migration of Boronate Complex
Authors: Paul Swagata , Das Kanak Kanti , Manna Samir , Panda Santanu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of a diverse range of heterobiaryls has been achieved by a transition‐metal‐free sp2–sp2 cross‐coupling strategy using lithiated heterocycle, aryl or heteroaryl boronic ester and an electrophilic halogen source. The construction of heterobiaryls was carried out through electrophilic activation of the aryl–heteroaryl boronate complex, which triggered 1,2‐migration from boron to the carbon atom. Subsequent oxidation of the intermediate boronic ester afforded heterobiaryls in good yield. A comprehensive 11B NMR study has been conducted to support the mechanism. The cross coupling between two nucleophilic cross coupling partners without transition metals reveals a reliable manifold to procure heterobiaryls in good yields. Various heterocycles like furan, thiophene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, and indole are well tolerated. Finally, we have successfully demonstrated the gram scale synthesis of the intermediates for an anticancer drug and OLED material using our methodology.
Digital innovations, impacts on marketing, value chain and business models: An introduction
Authors: Sahut Jean‐Michel , Dana Léo‐Paul , Laroche Michel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDigital innovations are changing business models and industries and, in today's world, effective mastery of digital innovations can be greatly advantageous, yet digital innovation literature suffers from major lacunae. We contribute to this literature by providing definitions and analysing specificities of this emerging research stream. We then discuss the impact of digital innovation on marketing, value chain, and business models, focusing on tensions and marketing challenges, the value chain, and the evolutions of business models. We conclude with suggestions for further research.
Rigid‐bar loading on pregnant uterus and development of pregnant abdominal response corridor based on finite element biomechanical model
Authors: Irannejad Parizi Mostafa , Ahmadian Mohammad Taghi , Mohammadi Hadi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDuring pregnancy, traumas can threaten maternal and fetal health. Various trauma effects on a pregnant uterus are little investigated. In the present study, a finite element model of a uterus along with a fetus, placenta, amniotic fluid, and two most effective ligament sets is developed. This model allows numerical evaluation of various loading on a pregnant uterus. The model geometry is developed based on CT‐scan data and validated using anthropometric data. Applying Ogden hyper‐elastic theory, material properties of uterine wall and placenta are developed. After simulating the “rigid‐bar” abdominal loading, the impact force and abdominal penetration are investigated. Findings are compared with the experimental abdominal response corridor, previously developed for a nonpregnant abdomen. “Response corridor” denotes a bounded envelope in response space, within which the system responses usually lie. Results show that at low abdominal penetrations (less than 45 mm), the pregnant abdomen response is highly compatible with the nonpregnant case. While, at large penetrations, the pregnant abdomen demonstrates stiffer behavior. The reason must be the existence of a fetus in the model. This reveals that the existing response corridors would not be reliable to be extended for a pregnant abdomen. Hence, response corridor development for a pregnant abdomen is a crucial task. In this study, a new fixed‐back rigid‐bar loading response corridor is proposed for a pregnant abdomen using the load‐penetration behavior of the developed model. This model and response corridor can help to study the pregnant uterus response to environmental loading and investigate the injury risk to the uterus and fetus.
Semi‐distributed resource management for underlay D2D communication with user's cooperation
Authors: Gour Radhika , Tyagi Anshul 
Published: November 2019

SummaryDevice‐to‐device (D2D) communication is a viable solution proposed by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to handle the enormous number of devices and expected data explosion in 5G. It is competent in enhancing the system performances such as increased data rate, reduced delay, and less power consumption while maintaining a low load on the base station (BS). In this paper, channel assignment and power control scheme is proposed for underlay D2D system where one cellular channel is allowed to be shared among multiple D2D pairs. This will lead to enhanced spectral efficiency on the cost of additional interferences introduced among the D2D and cellular users (CUs). Our aim is to maximize the D2D throughput without degrading the performance of existing CU that is sharing the channel with D2D. This is achieved by maintaining a threshold signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR) for each CU. A centralized channel assignment algorithm based on the well‐known two‐sided preference Gale‐Shapley algorithm is proposed, named as RAbaGS‐HR. Further, suboptimal distributed power control (DPC) algorithms are proposed for both uplink and downlink D2D. The novelty of the work lies in the facts that a channel is shared among multiple D2D users and the optimal power is calculated for all the users sharing the same channel under the full consideration of all kinds of interferences unlike most of the existing work that either assumed the fixed CU power or ignored the interferences among the D2D users. Numerical results show the efficacy of the proposed algorithms in terms of significant gain in throughput with a very low computational cost. In addition to this, the energy efficiency (EE) is also analyzed for different D2D user density, with respect to average circuit power consumption and D2D maximum transmit power.
Phosphotungstic acid‐enhanced microCT: Optimized protocols for embryonic and early postnatal mice
Authors: Lesciotto Kate M. , Motch Perrine Susan M. , Kawasaki Mizuho , Stecko Timothy , Ryan Timothy M. , Kawasaki Kazuhiko , Richtsmeier Joan T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundGiven the need for descriptive and increasingly mechanistic morphological analyses, contrast‐enhanced microcomputed tomography (microCT) represents perhaps the best method for visualizing 3D biological soft tissues in situ. Although staining protocols using phosphotungstic acid (PTA) have been published with beautiful visualizations of soft tissue structures, these protocols are often aimed at highly specific research questions and are applicable to a limited set of model organisms, specimen ages, or tissue types. We provide detailed protocols for micro‐level visualization of soft tissue structures in mice at several embryonic and early postnatal ages using PTA‐enhanced microCT.ResultsOur protocols produce microCT scans that enable visualization and quantitative analyses of whole organisms, individual tissues, and organ systems while preserving 3D morphology and relationships with surrounding structures, with minimal soft tissue shrinkage. Of particular note, both internal and external features of the murine heart, lungs, and liver, as well as embryonic cartilage, are captured at high resolution.ConclusionThese protocols have broad applicability to mouse models for a variety of diseases and conditions. Minor experimentation in the staining duration can expand this protocol to additional age groups, permitting ontogenetic studies of internal organs and soft tissue structures within their 3D in situ position.
Evaluation of Terrestrial Laser Scanner and Structure from Motion photogrammetry techniques for quantifying soil surface roughness parameters over agricultural soils
Authors: Martinez‐Agirre Alex , Álvarez‐Mozos Jesús , Milenković Milutin , Pfeifer Norbert , Giménez Rafael , Valle José Manuel , Rodríguez Álvaro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe surface roughness of agricultural soils is mainly related to the type of tillage performed, typically consisting of oriented and random components. Traditionally, soil surface roughness (SSR) characterization has been difficult due to its high spatial variability and the sensitivity of roughness parameters to the characteristics of the instruments, including its measurement scale. Recent advances in surveying have greatly improved the spatial resolution, extent, and availability of surface elevation datasets. However, it is still unknown how new roughness measurements relates with the conventional roughness measurements such as 2D profiles acquired by laser profilometers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) and Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry techniques for quantifying SSR over different agricultural soils. With this aim, an experiment was carried out in three plots (5 × 5 m) representing different roughness conditions, where TLS and SfM photogrammetry measurements were co‐registered with 2D profiles obtained using a laser profilometer. Differences between new and conventional roughness measurement techniques were evaluated visually and quantitatively using regression analysis and comparing the values of six different roughness parameters. TLS and SfM photogrammetry measurements were further compared by evaluating multi‐directional roughness parameters and analyzing corresponding Digital Elevation Models. The results obtained demonstrate the ability of both TLS and SfM photogrammetry techniques to measure 3D SSR over agricultural soils. However, profiles obtained with both techniques (especially SfM photogrammetry) showed a loss of high‐frequency elevation information that affected the values of some parameters (e.g. initial slope of the autocorrelation function, peak frequency and tortuosity). Nevertheless, both TLS and SfM photogrammetry provide a massive amount of 3D information that enables a detailed analysis of surface roughness, which is relevant for multiple applications, such as those focused in hydrological and soil erosion processes and microwave scattering. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconstruction of Grenfell Tower fire. Part 1: Lessons from observations and determination of work hypotheses
Authors: Guillaume Eric , Dréan Virginie , Girardin Bertrand , Benameur Faiz , Fateh Talal 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe Grenfell Tower fire occurred on 14 June 2017, killing 72 people. The pattern and speed of vertical and horizontal fire spread characterize this catastrophic event. Plentiful video and photographic data of the fire spread available has been carefully verified and concatenated into a database. The verified data have been superimposed on a projection of the Grenfell Tower in order to track the development of the fire. The surface that is unburnt, burning, or extinguished, as well as the presence of internal fire at any given location, is thus recorded for the duration of the fire. An analysis of the results showed that the initial vertical propagation can be divided into three phases. After the façade ignited at the fourth floor, vertical propagation over time is linear, with a vertical fire spread rate of around 3.5 m/min until the fire reached the sixth floor. Then fire propagation decelerated. Finally, fire spread accelerated with a power four dependence. The maximum vertical fire spread rate was around 8 m/min as the fire reached the crown at the top of the building. Horizontal spread proved to be greatest at the level of the crown (0.293 ± 0.005 m/min). There is a linear relationship between speed of horizontal fire spread and height. These correlations and observations yield important conclusions, and eight different hypotheses capable of explaining the global behaviour of the fire are suggested.
Treatments and modification to improve the reaction to fire of wood and wood based products—An overview
Authors: Popescu Carmen‐Mihaela , Pfriem Alexander 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARYWood and wood‐based products are widely used for structural building elements, but due to their composition, they are susceptible of combusting if exposed to fire. Fire safety is an important issue of building safety, especially when the building's fire load contents enhance the risks of fire spread. Therefore, the involved materials are very important to address the fire safety requirements. When existing timber structures are involved, the most usual way to improve its reaction to fire is to treat wood with fire retardant materials.The idea of this paper is to give an overall overview, on the existing fire‐retardant and intumescent coating materials, modification, and treatments that can be applied to wood and wood‐based products in order to improve their reaction to fire.
Effects of hurricanes, mudslides, flooding, and riverine erosion on the erasure of archaeological sites in tropical, highland Honduras
Authors: Johnson Erlend M. , Baarli B. Gudveig , Johnson Markes E. , Gomez Zuñiga Pastor R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSite destruction and obfuscation are significant processes that hinder archaeological interpretations. This article focuses on a few natural taphonomic agencies impinging on archaeological site preservation in highland Central American settings. Precipitation and drainage are especially crucial in these riverine environments. Access to water for consumption and agriculture were vital factors in the determination of settlement patterns. Over time, a mixture of both gradual and catastrophic processes ranging from moderate rainstorms to hurricanes are known to trigger flooding, riverine erosion, and landslides with the potential to destroy or obscure vulnerable valley sites. Examples are given of Classic Period (A.D. 200–900) archaeological sites from the Cucuyagua and Sensenti valleys in western Honduras affected by catastrophic weather events during occupation and after site abandonment. Mudslides and landslides, in particular, are highlighted as significant destructive processes that remain under‐discussed in regional literature. Furthermore, we highlight the possible causal role of hurricanes in provoking both landslides and flooding. Finally, we consider the impact of these events in our particular study area.
Critical evaluation of copy number variant calling methods using DNA methylation
Authors: Kilaru Varun , Knight Anna K. , Katrinli Seyma , Cobb Dawayland , Lori Adriana , Gillespie Charles F. , Maihofer Adam X. , Nievergelt Caroline M. , Dunlop Anne L. , Conneely Karen N. , Smith Alicia K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent technological and methodological developments have enabled the use of array‐based DNA methylation data to call copy number variants (CNVs). ChAMP, Conumee, and cnAnalysis450k are popular methods currently used to call CNVs using methylation data. However, so far, no studies have analyzed the reliability of these methods using real samples. Data from a cohort of individuals with genotype and DNA methylation data generated using the HumanMethylation450 and MethylationEPIC BeadChips were used to assess the consistency between the CNV calls generated by methylation and genotype data. We also took advantage of repeated measures of methylation data collected from the same individuals to compare the reliability of CNVs called by ChAMP, Conumee, and cnAnalysis450k for both the methylation arrays. ChAMP identified more CNVs than Conumee and cnAnalysis450k for both the arrays and, as a consequence, had a higher overlap (~62%) with the calls from the genotype data. However, all methods had relatively low reliability. For the MethylationEPIC array, Conumee had the highest reliability (57.6%), whereas for the HumanMethylation450 array, cnAnalysis450k had the highest reliability (43.0%). Overall, the MethylationEPIC array provided significant gains in reliability for CNV calling over the HumanMethylation450 array but not for overlap with CNVs called using genotype data.
Longer term effects of biological control on tamarisk evapotranspiration and carbon dioxide exchange
Authors: Snyder Keirith A. , Scott Russell L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBiological control of Tamarix spp. (tamarisk) with Diorhabda spp. (tamarisk beetle) was initiated in several states in the Western United States in 2001. We analysed 12 years of evapotranspiration (ET), net ecosystem production (NEP), and beetle abundance data from a tamarisk‐invaded site in Western Nevada along the Truckee River. Diorhabda carinulata (northern tamarisk beetle) appeared at the site in 2007. Large beetle outbreaks and associated defoliation of the tamarisk occurred in 2008 and 2009, then the beetle population was highly variable from year to year. Since 2016, the beetle population declined. Growing season ET noticeably declined from direct beetle herbivory in 2008, 2009, and 2010, but the decline in ET was seasonally transient as trees regrew leaves. In 2012 and 2013, total growing season ET was low, likely due to the combined effects of drought and beetle herbivory pressure. Total seasonal ET losses and NEP were primarily driven by annual precipitation with higher values in wetter years and reduced values when precipitation fell below 100 mm. In the last 2 years of the study, 2017–2018, there were few to no beetles observed at the site, and we measured increased tamarisk leaf area index, ET, and NEP. Since 2010 at the study site, no further releases of the beetles have occurred due to wildlife concerns, and subsequent declines in beetle populations where such that the “outbreak” conditions apparently required to impair tamarisk physiological function and significantly reduce ET have not occurred. ET and photosynthesis were highly correlated (r2 ≥ .91) to the Landsat‐satellite normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Using a relationship between growing season ET and NDVI, we estimated ET for five additional tamarisk sites along several southwestern U.S. rivers. In the 2005 to 2018 analysis period, NDVI‐estimated ET declined at all sites after beetle arrival with three sites showing a recovery in pre‐beetle ET rates in subsequent years. At the other three sites, ET rates have not recovered to pre‐beetle levels.
EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: Carbetocin versus rectal misoprostol for management of third stage of labor among women with low risk of postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Maged Ahmed M. , Waly Mohamed , Fahmy Radwa M. , Dieb Amira S. , Essam Aimy , Salah Noha M. , Hussein Eman A. , Nabil Hala 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare effectiveness and safety of carbetocin and misoprostol for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) among low‐risk women.MethodsRandomized controlled trial among 150 pregnant women with low risk of PPH admitted for vaginal delivery at Kasr Al Ainy Hospital, Cairo, Egypt, between July 2018 and May 2019. Participants were assigned to two groups by a web‐based randomization system ensuring allocation concealment. After neonatal delivery, the carbetocin group received one ampoule of carbetocin (100 μg/mL) intravenously and the misoprostol group received two rectal tablets of misoprostol (800 μg) for active management of the third stage. Blood pressure, blood loss, and hemoglobin levels were monitored. The primary outcome measure was need for additional uterotonic drugs.ResultsThe carbetocin group had significantly less blood loss (P<0.001), shorter third stage (P<0.001), and less need for additional uterotonics (P=0.013) or uterine massage (P=0.007). The two drugs were hemodynamically safe. Hemoglobin levels after delivery were comparable in the two groups (P=0.475). Adverse effects were more common in the misoprostol group (P<0.001).ConclusionAmong low‐risk women, carbetocin seems to be a better alternative to misoprostol for active management of the third stage of labor; it reduced blood loss and use of additional uterotonic drugs.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03556852
Assessment of sublethal ecotoxicity of solvents on larvae of a model native amphibian (Lithobates pipiens)
Authors: Young Sarah D. , Gavel Melody J. , Gutierrez‐Villagomez Juan M. , Forbes Mark R. , Robinson Stacey A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCarrier solvents are used frequently in toxicity testing to assist hydrophobic chemicals into solution, but such solvents may have toxic effects on test subjects. Amphibians are model organisms in toxicity studies; however, little is known about the direct effects of solvents on native amphibians. Following modifications to standardized guidelines for native species, we used acute 96‐hour exposures to assess the direct effects of three common solvents on survival, differences in morphology and occurrence of abnormalities of northern leopard frog larvae (Lithobates pipiens). The solvents, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol (ETOH) and acetone (ACE) were used at nominal concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 μL/L. We also conducted a 30‐day exposure to assess the direct chronic effects of DMSO at 1 and 5 μL/L, on larval growth, development and sex differentiation, but found no effects. Acute exposure to solvents also had no effect on the survival of larvae, but we found significant abnormalities in tadpoles acutely exposed to 100 μL/L ACE. Acute exposure to DMSO and ETOH had further concentration‐dependent effects on larval morphological traits. Our study suggests that DMSO and ETOH at ≤20 μL/L may be used as solvents in amphibian ecotoxicological studies, but ACE should be limited to ≤50 μL/L in ecotoxicity studies and perhaps much less (≤10 μL/L) in studies with other amphibians, based on a review of existing literature. We emphasize pilot studies when using solvents on acute and chronic ecotoxicity tests, using native amphibians.
Synthesis of 1‐amidoalkyl‐2‐naphthol derivatives using a magnetic nano‐Fe3O4@SiO2@Hexamethylenetetramine‐supported ionic liquid as a catalyst under solvent‐free conditions
Authors: Bahrami Somayeh , Jamehbozorgi Saeed , Moradi Shahram , Ebrahimi Sattar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHexamethylenetetramine‐functionalized silica‐coated nano‐Fe3O4 particles (MNPs@Hexamethylenetetramine) were prepared as a reusable heterogeneous catalyst using a facile process. The catalyst was synthesized and characterized using infrared, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer. This magnetic nanocatalyst was employed as an efficient, reusable, and environmentally benign heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of amidoalkylnaphthol derivatives from a one‐pot three‐component condensation reaction of beta‐naphthol, aldehydes, and amides in good to excellent yields, Moreover, this catalyst can be easily recovered by using a magnetic field and directly reused for at least seven runs without sign ificant loss of its activity.