bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intangible resources and the growth of women businesses
Authors: Sallah Cynthia Ayorkor , Caesar Livingstone Divine 
Published: January 2020

PurposeIntangible assets are widely considered as key success factors for the growth of businesses in various economies. While the relationship between intangible assets or resources and business growth or performance have been extensively researched in advanced economies, there is limited understanding of the complexity of the phenomenon in developing/emerging markets. In Ghana specifically, there is a dearth of research on the impact of intangible assets on the growth of women businesses. Consequently, this paper aims to investigate how intangible assets available to women entrepreneurs contribute to the performance of their businesses.Design/methodology/approachUsing an exploratory sequential research design (a type of mixed methods design), the data collection was organized into two main phases. The first phase was the qualitative phase where nine respondents were interviewed, and the responses were analysed using thematic analysis. The second phase was the quantitative phase where some 264 questionnaires were collected and analysed using multiple regression analysis.FindingsSpecifically, the findings focused on three intangible resources: social capital, human capital and reputational capital. The study found that, social, human and reputational capital all significantly contributed to the growth of women businesses. The study also showed a positive and significant effect of social capital, reputational capital and human capital on business growth.Practical implicationsThese findings have implications for women entrepreneurs in Ghana. If they must grow their businesses, then using intangible assets alone may not be able to deliver growth in the required proportions. Serious consideration must be given to the significant impact of intra and extra industry networking and the social competency skills of the entrepreneur. The rationality of this assertion hinges on the findings made from this study that social competence can be effectively used to further enhance the effects of the value of one’s intangible assets.Originality/valuePolicymakers in Sub-Saharan Africa and specifically Ghana have accorded high priority to private sector entrepreneurship towards reduction in the dependence of the citizenry on government for jobs. Perhaps, this paper adds to the growing body of knowledge on female entrepreneurship in Ghana to understand how intangible assets available to women entrepreneurs contribute to the performance of their businesses.
Channels of financial sector development and the inequality widening (narrowing) hypothesis – evidence from India
Authors: Mehta Atul , Bhattacharya Joysankar 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The study aims to understand how various channels of financial sector development affect the income inequality across Indian states and whether the inequality widening or narrowing hypothesis of financial development may be confirmed at a sub-national level.

Design/methodology/approach
Using state-wise annual data for the period from 1999-2000 to 2011-2012, a panel data analysis using generalised method of moments (GMM) estimator is conducted for a sample of 15 major Indian states.

Findings
The results confirm the inequality widening hypothesis of financial sector development in India. While each channel affects different section of the population in a different way, their overall effect on the income inequality remains unfavourable.

Originality/value
This paper is the first ever study to provide a comparative empirical evidence for the effect of each channel of financial development on the income inequality in India. The results provide significant insights to the policymakers, practitioners and academia in the financial sector with respect to the efficiency of each channel of financial development in bridging the gap between the poor and rich.
Delineating entrepreneurial orientation efficacy on retailer’s business performance
Authors: Sellappan Palaniappan , Shanmugam Kavitha 
Published: January 2020

PurposeIn today’s technology-led volatile business environment all established businesses are trembling and retailing is no exception. Exploration of the entrepreneurial side of retailers will expose the essential attitudes to survive in the new world order. The present study is an endeavor towards this end.Design/methodology/approachIn this descriptive research, a pre-tested entrepreneurial orientation questionnaire constructed by De Nobrega (2012) was adopted, and it was fine-tuned to suit for the retail environment. Initially, an exploratory study was organized, and it was followed by confirmatory factor analysis. Data collected were analyzed with SPSS 23.0, and the conceptual model was validated in AMOS 23.0.FindingsThe study evinces that the retailer’s entrepreneurial orientation is induced by five factors, namely, autonomy, risk-taking, innovation, competitive aggressiveness and pro-activeness. The study exposes the five dimensions and their ascendancy on business performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is operationalized in a small sample, confined to two types of trade, limited to small and medium retailers in Chennai and all the constructs are measured with the help of perceptual self-reporting scales.Practical implicationsThe study highlights that the art of spearheading retail business performance lies in attitude orientation. This work will propel retailers and trade bodies to nurture the entrepreneurial orientation.Social implicationsThe study emphasizes that boosting entrepreneurial mindset of retailers will enable them to achieve business progress and protects the grass root sector of the society.Originality/valueThis work is the very first study to identify and evaluate the impact of five-dimensional entrepreneurial orientation construct on small and medium retailer’s business performance. The present study is a pioneering empirical contribution to the Indian context.
Understanding surface roughness of additively manufactured nickel superalloy for space applications
Authors: Shelton Travis Edward , Stelzer Dylan Joseph , Hartsfield Carl R. , Cobb Gregory Richard , O'Hara Ryan P. , Tommila Christopher D. 
Published: January 2020

PurposeFor many applications, including space applications, the usability and performance of a component is dependent on the surface topology of the additively manufactured part. The purpose of this paper is to present an investigation into minimizing the residual surface roughness of direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) samples by manipulating the input process parameters.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the ability to manipulate surface roughness by modifying processing parameters was explored. Next, the surface topography was characterized to quantify roughness. Finally, microthruster nozzles were created both additively and conventionally for flow testing and comparison.FindingsSurface roughness of DMLS samples was found to be highly dependent on the laser power and scan speed. Because of unintended partially sintered particles adhering to the surface, a localized laser fluence mechanism was explored. Experimental results show that surface roughness is influenced by the varied parameters but is not a completely fluence driven process; therefore, a relationship between laser fluence and surface roughness can be incorporated but not completely assumed.Originality/valueThis paper serves as an aid in understanding the importance of surface roughness and the mechanisms associated with DMLS. Rather than exploring a more common global energy density, a localized laser fluence was initiated. Moreover, the methodology and conclusions can be used when optimizing parts via metal additive manufacturing.
Children’s pester power, packaging and unhealthy food preference
Authors: Christino Juliana Maria Magalhães , Cardozo Erico Aurelio Abreu , Silva Thaís Santos , Mazzini Caroline 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThis study aims to understand the extent to which packaging influences Brazilian parents' purchasing willingness based on children's food preferences for unhealthy food products.Design/methodology/approachParents, with children up to 12 years old, answered questions about the positive influence of the packaging on the children, the preferences of the children in their willingness to buy and the propensity to give in to the desires of the children. Data analysis was performed with the statistical software SPSS and Stata used for structural equations modeling.FindingsThe results back the outlined hypotheses and point out that the characteristics of the packaging positively influence children's preferences as well as parents’ who are prone to give in to such influences. In some relationships, there was a minute moderating effect of social desirability and social class.Research limitations/implicationsThe research presents as a limitation the nature of the sample, parents, to the extent that the influences of the packages on the children were analyzed from their perspectives.Practical implicationsFindings from the research can be used to think about preventive public policies to protect children as highly vulnerable subjects. Another practical implication is that the same marketing strategies that are used for unhealthy foods can also be used for healthy foods, improving their linkage to the children once there are evidences that packaging can positively influence their preferences.Originality/valueThe originality of this study is to focus on children's food preferences for unhealthy products and in parents with children up to 12 years old, which is not often investigated by researchers.
Interleukin IL‐1B gene polymorphism in Tunisian patients with chronic hepatitis B infection: Association with replication levels
Authors: Ben Dhifallah Imen , Ayouni Kaouther , Najjar Ghofrane , Chelbi Hanene , Sadraoui Amel , Hammami Walid , Touzi Henda , Triki Henda 
Published: January 2020

AbstractApproaches based on association studies have proven useful in identifying genetic predictors for many diseases, including susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B. In this study we were interested by the IL‐1B genetic variants that have been involved in the immune response and we analyzed their role in the susceptibility to develop chronic hepatitis B in the Tunisian population. IL‐1B is a potent proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in inflammation of the liver. Polymorphic gene IL‐1 (−511, +3954) was analyzed in a total of 476 individuals: 236 patients with chronic hepatitis B from different cities of Tunisia recruited in Pasteur Institute between January 2017 and December 2018 and 240 controls. Genomic DNA was obtained using the standard salting‐out method and genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐restriction fragment length polymorphism. For −511C>T polymorphism a significant association was found between patients and controls when comparing the genotypic (P = 0.007; χ2 = 9.74 and odds ratio [OR] = 0.60; confidence interval [CI] = 0.41–0.89) and allelic (P = 0.001; χ2 = 10.60) frequencies. When the viral load was taken into account a highly significant difference was found (P = 9 × 10−4; χ2 = 10.89). For +3954C>T polymorphism a significant association was found between patients and controls when comparing genotypic (P = 0.0058; χ2 = 7.60 and OR = 1.67; CI = 1.14–2.46) and allelic (P = 0.0029; χ2 = 8.81) frequencies. T allele can be used as a strong marker for hepatitis B virus disease for both polymorphisms.
Fighting and aggressive sound determines larger male to win male‐male competition in a bark beetle
Authors: Liu Zhu‐Dong , Wickham Jacob D. , Sun Jiang‐Hua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntrasexual selection occurs in male‐male competition over access to females and usually results in the larger male winning. While much research has documented that size matters, little is known about how the larger male wins. Dendroctonus valens is an aggregating monogamous bark beetle in which males have large variation in body size and display intense competition over females. Behavioral observation showed two males fight each other within the gallery by pushing/shoving and stridulated more when two males encountered each other. Experiments using two different‐sized males synchronously competing showed that larger males won 95% of contests. Reciprocal displacement experiments using muted and intact males of different or equal size were used to simulate male‐male competition. Larger males displaced the smaller resident male in 90% of contests, while smaller males prevailed over larger residents in 6.7% of contests. With both males silenced, larger males displaced smaller males in 80% of contests, while smaller males prevailed in 8% of contests. Further experiments using equal‐sized males showed aggressive sound‐emitting males displaced muted males in 67% of contests, yet intact males displaced other intact males in only 37.5% of contests. Sound analysis showed sound pressure level is an honest signal of body size and males chose soft sounds over loud aggressive sounds in assays. Therefore, D. valens males have evolved dual behaviors, fighting and aggressive sounds associated with body size, to assess rivals to compete for a partner, gaining insights in male‐male competition for this species and for other animals.
Contribution of HLA‐B*51:01 and ‐A*26:01 to Behçet's disease and their clinical association in Thai patients
Authors: Louthrenoo Worawit , Kasitanon Nuntana , Pathanapitoon Kessara , Wangkaew Suparaporn , Kuwata Shoji , Nishi Ai , Kaburaki Toshikatsu , Tanaka Rie , Takeuchi Fujio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsTo investigate susceptible human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and their associations with clinical features in Thai patients with Behçet's disease (BD).MethodEighteen HLA‐A and 36 HLA‐B alleles were determined in 42 Thai BD patients and 99 healthy controls (HCs) by reverse line blot assay, and reconfirmed by MICRO SSP assay.ResultsThe BD patients had significantly higher allele frequency (AF) of HLA‐B*51 than the HCs (13.10% vs 5.05%,P = .025). The AF of HLA‐A*26, ‐A*26:01 and ‐B*51:01 also was higher and almost reached statistical significance (5.59% vs 1.52%,P = .054, 5.95% vs 1.52%,P = .054 and 10.71% vs 4.04%,P = .051, respectively). However, the BD patients had significantly higher AF of either HLA‐A*26:01 or ‐B*51:01 (16.67% vs 5.56%,P = .005), or ‐A*26:01 or ‐B*51X (19.05% vs 6.56%,P = .003). The AF of HLA‐B*51:01 and ‐B*51X increased significantly in ‐A*26:01 non‐carrier BD patients (12.16% vs 4.17%,P = .024 and 14.86% vs 5.21%,P = .019, respectively); and that of HLA‐A*26:01 was significantly higher in ‐B*51X non‐carrier BD patients (7.58% vs 1.67%,P = .034). HLA‐B*51:01 associated significantly with the presence of posterior uveitis and visual impairment (18.18% vs 2.50%,P = .031 for both conditions). HLA‐B*51:01 was not observed in BD patients with gastrointestinal involvement or arthritis. Furthermore, the AF of HLA‐B*51:01 was significantly higher in HLA‐A*26:01 non‐carrier BD patients without arthritis (17.30% vs 0%,P = .050).ConclusionHLA‐B*51:01 was a susceptible allele for Thai BD patients, and associated with posterior uveitis and visual impairment. HLA‐A*26:01 was another susceptible allele in HLA‐B*51X non‐carrier patients. The protective effect of HLA‐B*51:01 on arthritis needs further investigation.
Usefulness of pre‐operative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in diagnosis and management of forme fruste choledochal cyst in children
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Moon Suk Bae , Zang Jingyu , Liu Jun , Weng Hao , Wang Xuefeng , Wang Jun , Chen Jie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundForme fruste choledochal cyst (FFCC), characterized by a minimally dilated common bile duct (CBD) and associated pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM), is difficult to diagnose in a timely manner in clinical practice. However, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can clearly delineate CBD and PBM. Hence, we evaluated the value of ERCP in the diagnosis and management of FFCC.MethodsThe medical records of patients diagnosed with FFCC were retrospectively reviewed. From January 2003 to December 2010, patients underwent surgery without ERCP (non‐ERCP group); from January 2011, all patients underwent pre‐operative ERCP (ERCP group). Demographics, laboratory results, perioperative data and post‐operative complications were compared between the two groups.ResultsThere were 24 patients in the ERCP group and 11 in the non‐ERCP group. Laboratory data improved to a greater extent after ERCP. ERCP was superior to both magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and ultrasonography in delineating CBD and PBM. In the ERCP group, 20 of the 24 patients were noted to have filling defects in the biliary tract and underwent pre‐operative endoscopic sphincterotomy. Intra‐operative blood loss was lower and transfusion less frequent in the ERCP group (P < 0.05). There were no ERCP‐related complications.ConclusionsERCP can accurately delineate the minimal CBD dilatation, associated pancreaticobiliary tract abnormalities and PBM of FFCC. ERCP can improve the perioperative and post‐operative results of paediatric patients with FFCC.
Detection of candidate polymorphisms around the QTL for fat area ratio to rib eye area on BTA7 using whole‐genome resequencing in Japanese Black cattle
Authors: Sasazaki Shinji , Kawaguchi Fuki , Nakajima Ayaka , Yamamoto Raito , Akiyama Takayuki , Kohama Namiko , Yoshida Emi , Kobayashi Eiji , Honda Takeshi , Oyama Kenji , Mannen Hideyuki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn our previous study, we performed genome‐wide association study (GWAS) to identify the genomic region associated with Fat area ratio to rib eye area (FAR) and detected a candidate in BTA7 at 10–30 Mbp. The present study aims to comprehensively detect all polymorphisms in the candidate region using whole‐genome resequencing data. Based on whole‐genome resequencing of eight animals, we detected 127,090 polymorphisms within the region. Of these, 31,945 were located within the genes. We further narrowed the polymorphisms to 6,044 with more than five allele differences between the high and low FAR groups that were located within 179 genes. We subsequently investigated the functions of these genes and selected 170 polymorphisms in eight genes as possible candidate polymorphisms. We focused on SLC27A6 K81M as a putative candidate polymorphism. We genotyped the SNP in a Japanese Black population (n = 904) to investigate the effect on FAR. Analysis of variance revealed that SLC27A6 K81M had a lower p‐value (p = .0009) than the most significant SNP in GWAS (p = .0049). Although only SLC27A6 K81M was verified in the present study, subsequent verification of the remaining candidate genes and polymorphisms could lead to the identification of genes and polymorphisms responsible for FAR.
Invasions of rainbow trout and brown trout in Japan: A comparison of invasiveness and impact on native species
Authors: Hasegawa Koh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMany species of salmonids have been stocked into waters outside of their native range. The invasiveness and impact of these species on native species varies depending on their biological traits, and on environmental conditions, such as climate. In Japan, rainbow trout and brown trout, both listed in 100 of the world's worst invasive alien species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, occur as non‐native species. The invasiveness of these two species is thought to be related to seasonal flooding, given flood waters can physically damage fry and prevent population establishment. Rainbow trout have successfully invaded waters in Hokkaido, northern Japan, where the likelihood of flooding is low between June and July, when their fry emerge, but successful invasions are rare in regions south of Hokkaido. Brown trout, however, have successfully invaded waters not only in Hokkaido, but also other regions. Since brown trout have a similar life history to the native white‐spotted charr and masu salmon, with fry emerging before the flood season, they are more suited to the Japanese climate than Rainbow trout. Rainbow and brown trout interact with native species in various ways, but a common outcome of these interactions is the displacement of native charr species. Legal regulations of non‐native salmonids should be based on understandings of the ecological traits of each invasive species and regional impacts on native species. Given the ongoing nature of climate change, the nature and extent of the effects of rainbow and brown trout on native species might also change.
Erasmus student mobility flows
Authors: Breznik Kristijan , Skrbinjek Vesna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article identifies student mobility flows using Erasmus data from 2007–2008 to 2013–2014. We used the software programmes “R” for statistical analysis and “Pajek” for analysis of networks. Findings provide an overview of student mobility from three perspectives. We find the most balanced relative outbound and inbound mobility in Spain, Switzerland, Austria and Poland. Moreover, Spain and Italy exchange the most students between each other. Overall, the core centres for student mobility are Spain, France, Germany and Italy. Smaller countries, such as Luxemburg, Malta and Liechtenstein, have large numbers of mobile students considering the size of the country's student population. The network analysis revealed three groups of countries: (1) good receivers and senders (Spain, Italy, and Germany), (2) good receivers only (Finland, Sweden, the United Kingdom and Portugal) and (3) good senders only (Belgium and the Czech Republic).
MYC rearrangement and MYC/BCL2 double expression but not cell‐of‐origin predict prognosis in R‐CHOP treated diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Xu Jie , Liu Jing‐Lan , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Huang Wenting , Khoury Joseph D , McDonnell Timothy J. , Tang Guilin , Schlette Ellen , Yin C. Cameron , Bueso‐Ramos Carlos E. , Lin Pei , Li Shaoying 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be classified as germinal center B cell–like (GCB) or activated B cell–like (ABC)/non‐GCB based on cell‐of‐origin (COO) classification. This study evaluated the prognostic significance of COO classification in 250 patients diagnosed with de novo DLBCL who received R‐CHOP therapy. We also assessed whether the genomic status of MYC, BCL2, or MYC/BCL2 double expression (DE) could provide additional prognostic information for DLBCL patients.MethodsThe clinicopathologic features and outcome of patients with GCB DLBCL were compared to patients with non‐GCB DLBCL using Fisher's exact test. The prognostic significance of COO, MYC‐R, and MYC/BCL2 DE were studied using multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis.ResultsThere were 162 men and 88 women with a median age of 62 years (range, 18‐86). Forty‐five of 250 (18%) cases harbored MYC rearrangement (R). The frequency of MYC‐R was much higher in GCB than in non‐GCB tumors (40/165, 24% vs 5/85, 6%) (P = .0001). MYC/BCL2 DE was observed in 53 of 125 (42%) cases. COO classification failed to predict overall survival (OS) in DLBCL patients, either those patients with MYC‐R were included (P = .10) or not (P = .27). In contrast, MYC‐R and MYC/BCL2 DE significantly correlated with inferior OS (P = .0001 and P = .001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, MYC‐R and MYC/BCL2 DE were still independent prognostic factors in DLBCL patients.ConclusionsMYC‐R and MYC/BCL2 DE are independent prognostic factors for DLBCL patients treated with R‐CHOP. In this cohort, COO classification failed to stratify patient outcome.