bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-year outcome in first-episode psychosis treated according to an integrated model. Is immediate neuroleptisation always needed?
Authors: Lehtinen V. , Aaltonen J. , Koffert T. , Räkköläinen V. , Syvälahti E. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryIn this multicentre study the two-year outcome of two groups of consecutive patients (total N = 106) with first-episode functional non-affective psychosis, both treated according to the ‘need-specific Finnish model’, which stresses teamwork, patient and family participation and basic psychotherapeutic attitudes, was compared. No alternative treatment facilities were available in the study sites. The two study groups differed in the use of neuroleptics: three of the sites (the experimental group) used a minimal neuroleptic regime whilst the other three (the control group) used neuroleptics according to the usual practice. Total time spent in hospital, occurrence of psychotic symptoms during the last follow-up year, employment, GAS score and the Grip on Life assessment were used as outcome measures. In the experimental group 42.9% of the patients did not receive neuroleptics at all during the whole two-year period, while the corresponding proportion in the control group was 5.9%. The overall outcome of the whole group could be seen as rather favourable. The main result was that the outcome of the experimental group was equal or even somewhat better than that of the control group, also after controlling for age, gender and diagnosis. This indicates that an integrated approach, stressing intensive psychosocial measures, is recommended in the treatment of acute first-episode psychosis.
Quality of life assessment: the World Health Organization
perspective
Authors: Saxena S , Orley J ,   WHOQOL
                        Group
Published: July 2002

Summary
Assessment of quality of life (QoL) and use of this information towards
improvement of health care services is an important area of activity of the
World Health Organization (WHO). This paper briefly discusses the conceptual
basis and the methodology used in WHO's Quality of Life Project (WHOQOL). It
describes the simultaneous development of instruments in widely different
cultures to assess subjective QoL. Use of these instruments in the field of
clinical trials with psychotropics is highlighted.
Changing patterns of mental health care in Greece (1984–1996)
Authors: Madianos M.G. , Tsiantis J. , Zacharakis C. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryGreece joined the European Community in 1981 and, three years later, the Commission of the European Communities provided financial and technical assistance under EEC Regulation 815/84 for the modernisation of the traditional psychiatric care system, with the emphasis on decentralisation of mental health services and the development of community-based services, as well as on deinstutionalization of long-stay patients and improvement of conditions in public mental hospitals. Over the last 11 years, the implementation of the EEC Reg. 815/84 programme contributed to a significant shift towards extramural care and rehabilitation. The role of the large mental hospitals has gradually been diminished and a large number of long-stay patients have been deinstitutionalised. It is commonly accepted that the EEC-funded psychiatric reform programme, despite inadequacies and constraints, had an impact on the changing mental health scene in Greece.
Dysphoric subjective response to neuroleptics in schizophrenia: relationship to extrapyramidal side effects and symptomatology
Authors: Gervin M. , Browne S. , Garavan J. , Roe M. , Larkin C. , O'Callaghan E. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryObjective:Subjective reports of dysphoric responses to neuroleptic medication are common in clinical practice. However, cognitive and affective side effects of neuroleptic medications are difficult to differentiate from the symptoms of schizophrenia. We sought to elucidate the relative contribution of extrapyramidal side effects and symptomatology to dysphoric response.Method:Fifty clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia attending a rehabilitation centre were assessed for extrapyramidal side effects and symptomatology before completing the drug attitude inventory (DAI).Results:Presence of extrapyramidal side effects, found in 28 patients (Z = −1.99, p = 0.05), and severity of negative symptoms (r = −0.47, p = 0.001) were independently associated with dysphoric response, explaining a significant proportion of the variance (R = 0.53, R2 = 25.2%, F = 9.27, df = 2, p = 0.0004).Conclusions:Patients who report a dysphoric response which they associate with neuroleptic medications have more extrapyramidal side effects and more severe negative symptoms. While these responses may be part of the negative symptoms of the illness or due to other factors such as depression, we raise the possibility that they may be clinically indistinguishable from, and be a subjective measure of, the so-called ‘neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome’.
Elevated serum levels of soluble interleukin‐2 receptor, neopterin and β‐2‐microglobulin in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: relation to disease severity and autoimmune pathogenesis
Authors: Caforio Alida L.P. , Goldman Jonathan H. , Baig Mirza K. , Mahon Niall J. , Haven Aldwyn J. , Souberbielle Bernard E. , Holt David W. , Dalgleish Angus G. , McKenna William J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:It has not been assessed whether high levels of soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL‐2R), neopterin and β‐2 microglobulin in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy reflect heart failure severity and/or an active autoimmune process. The aim of this study was to relate serum levels of these markers to clinical and autoimmune features.Methods:We studied 60 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, 67 controls with ischemic heart failure and 34 normals.Results:Abnormal levels of sIL‐2R, but not of neopterin and β‐2 microglobulin, were more frequent in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy than in ischemic patients (35% vs. 16%; P ‐ 0.02) or in normals (35% vs. 12%, P ‐ 0.01); mean sIL‐2R levels were, however, similar in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart failure (842 ± 75 vs. 762 ± 93 U/ml, P ‐ NS). In idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy abnormal levels of sIL‐2R were associated with lower peak oxygen consumption (P ‐ 0.008), higher neopterin and HLA class II expression in the myocardium (P ‐ 0.02), but were unrelated to cardiac autoantibody status or titer. In addition, abnormal levels of neopterin were associated with adverse prognosis and higher β‐2 microglobulin; abnormal levels of β‐2 microglobulin with lower echocardiographic percent fractional shortening, higher sIL‐2R and higher neopterin.Conclusions:There is no convincing evidence that abnormal sIL‐2R, neopterin and/or β‐2 microglobulin are disease‐specific markers of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. The lack of association with cardiac autoantibodies suggests that these abnormalities are mainly related to heart failure severity rather than autoimmune pathogenesis. In keeping with this view, high levels of sIL‐2R, neopterin and/or β‐2 microglobulin identified a subset of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy patients with advanced disease and poor prognosis.
Magnetic Actuation Methods in Bio/Soft Robotics
Authors: Ebrahimi Nafiseh , Bi Chenghao , Cappelleri David J. , Ciuti Gastone , Conn Andrew T. , Faivre Damien , Habibi Neda , Hošovský Alexander , Iacovacci Veronica , Khalil Islam S. M. , Magdanz Veronika , Misra Sarthak , Pawashe Chytra , Rashidifar Rasoul , Soto‐Rodriguez Paul Eduardo David , Fekete Zoltan , Jafari Amir 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn recent years, magnetism has gained an enormous amount of interest among researchers for actuating different sizes and types of bio/soft robots, which can be via an electromagnetic‐coil system, or a system of moving permanent magnets. Different actuation strategies are used in robots with magnetic actuation having a number of advantages in possible realization of microscale robots such as bioinspired microrobots, tetherless microrobots, cellular microrobots, or even normal size soft robots such as electromagnetic soft robots and medical robots. This review provides a summary of recent research in magnetically actuated bio/soft robots, discussing fabrication processes and actuation methods together with relevant applications in biomedical area and discusses future prospects of this way of actuation for possible improvements in performance of different types of bio/soft robots.
Degradable and Fully Recyclable Dynamic Thermoset Elastomer for 3D‐Printed Wearable Electronics
Authors: Guo Yifan , Chen Shuo , Sun Lijie , Yang Lei , Zhang Luzhi , Lou Jiaming , You Zhengwei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWearable electronics have become an important part of daily lives. However, its rapid development results in the problem of electronic waste (e‐waste). Consequently, recyclable materials suitable for wearable electronics are highly sought after. In this study, a conductive recyclable composite (PFBC) is designed based on a dynamic covalently cross‐linked elastomer and hierarchical hybrid nanofillers. The PFBC shows excellent wide‐ranging properties including processability, elasticity, conductivity, and stability, which are superior to previous materials used for recyclable electronics, and exhibits outstanding mechanical properties and environmental tolerance including high temperature, high humidity, brine, and ethanol owing to its covalent cross‐linking. Reversible dissociation of Diels–Alder networks allows for convenient processing and recycling. After three recycles, the toughness of the PFBC remained at 10.1 MJ m−3, which is conspicuous among the reported recyclable electronic materials. Three types of PFBC‐based wearable electronics including a triboelectric nanogenerator, a capacitive pressure sensor, and a flexible keyboard, are successfully 3D printed with excellent performance. The PFBC possessed both recyclability and degradability, the combination of which provides a new way to reduce e‐waste. This is the first work to recycle electronics using direct 3D printing and presents promising new design principles and materials for wearable electronics.
Heterostructured Polymer‐Infiltrated Nanoparticle Films with Cavities via Capillary Rise Infiltration
Authors: Kim Baekmin Q. , Qiang Yiwei , Turner Kevin T. , Choi Siyoung Q. , Lee Daeyeon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPolymer‐infiltrated nanoparticle films (PINFs) that have high volume fractions (>50 vol%) of nanoparticles (NPs) possess enhanced properties making them ideal for various applications. Capillary rise infiltration (CaRI) of polymer and solvent‐driven infiltration of polymer (SIP) into pre‐assembled NP films have emerged as versatile approaches to fabricate PINFs. Although these methods are ideal for fabricating PINFs with homogenous structure, several applications including separations, and photonic/optical coatings would benefit from a method that enables scalable manufacturing of heterostructured (i.e., films with variation in structural properties such as porosity, composition, refractive indices, etc.) PINFs. In this work, a new technique is developed for fabricating heterostructured PINFs with cavities based on CaRI. A bilayer composed of densely packed inorganic NP layer atop polymer NP layer is thermally annealed above the glass transition temperature of the polymer NP, which induces CaRI of the polymer into the interstices of the inorganic NP layer. Exploiting the difference in the sizes of the two particles, heterostructured double stack PINFs composed of a PINF and a layer with large cavities are produced at a moderate temperature (<200 °C). Using these heterostructured PINFs, Bragg reflectors that can detect the presence of wetting agents in water are fabricated.
Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Properties of BaCo2Fe16O27 Nanoplatelets and RGO Reinforced PVDF Polymer Composite Flexible Films
Authors: Anand S. , Pauline S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of W‐Type barium hexaferrite (BaCo2Fe16O27) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanofillers reinforced poly(vinylidenefluoride) (PVDF) polymer composite films are reported. Two different amounts of BaCo2Fe16O27 (10 wt% and 30 wt%) nanofillers and fixed amount of RGO (10 wt%) are loaded in PVDF matrix by solvent casting in order to fabricate the multifunctional PVDF/RGO/BaCo2Fe16O27 composite films. The synthesized samples are investigated using various instruments including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis. The microwave properties of PVDF/RGO/BaCo2Fe16O27 composites are tested with vector network analyser (VNA) in 8–12 GHz frequency (X‐Band). The possible mechanism of EMI shielding is investigated from the analysis of complex permittivity and permeability.The resultant flexible films exhibit desirable EMI SE of 35.94 dB at 11.8 GHz for the 10 wt% of BaCo2Fe16O27 addition in PVDF composite for a very small thickness of 0.2 mm. The combination of high dielectric loss ( tanδε = 1.63) and magnetic loss (tanδμ = 0.26) contributes to high absorption of 29.85 dB (>99% attenuation) dominated over reflection. Thus, the simple and cost‐effective fabrication of ultrathin and flexible PVDF/RGO/BaCo2Fe16O27 composite film with low filler content has a great potential as suppresser in electromagnetic fields.
Molecular‐Level Encapsulation Strategy: Host–Guest‐Inclusion‐Complex‐Derived Carbon‐Encapsulated Nanocomposites for High Performance Lithium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Li Lina , Wang Kun , Pei Jian , Qin Zhongzheng , Hu Yongyuan , Dong Qi , Chen Gang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe carbon encapsulation in a pomegranate manner effectively avoids inner‐active pulverization and perfectly provides electronic transmission network during lithiation and delithiation for high performance lithium‐ion batteries. Carbon‐encapsulated homogeneous nanocomposites derived from host–guest inclusion are first realized based on molecular‐level encapsulating of β‐cyclodextrin. On the basis of this unique arrangement, lamellar nanosheet anodes are further prepared using a freeze‐drying method for favoring Li‐ion migration. As results of this design, large reversible capacity, high rate capability, and excellent cycling stability are achieved simultaneously. This host–guest encapsulation at the molecular scale offers a new and effective way for the development of carbon encapsulation electrode materials.
Tin Telluride Quantum Dots as a Novel Saturable Absorber for Q‐Switching and Mode Locking in Fiber Lasers
Authors: Ahmed Safayet , Qiao Junpeng , Cheng Ping Kwong , Saleque Ahmed Mortuza , Hossain Mohammad Ismail , Zeng Long‐Hui , Zhao Jia , Qarony Wayesh , Tsang Yuen Hong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTin telluride (SnTe) quantum dots (QDs) have attracted considerable interest in the optoelectronic field owing to their favorable properties over conventional QDs, such as a relatively large Bohr radius (95 nm) and low toxicity level. However, till date, the nonlinear optical properties and ultrafast photonics applications of SnTe QDs have remained unexplored. In this study, SnTe QDs with an average diameter of 74 nm (smaller than the Bohr radius of SnTe) are fabricated via a liquid‐phase exfoliation method. Consequently, the nonlinear saturable absorption properties of such SnTe QDs are explored by realizing a modulation depth of 2.2% and saturable intensity of 1.67 GW cm−2. The prepared QDs are then used as saturable absorber (SA) in the erbium‐doped fiber laser ring cavity system. Moreover, Q‐switched and mode‐locked laser pulses with a pulse width of 1.81 µs and 691 fs are generated, respectively. Harmonic mode‐locking with a high repetition rate of 62.1 MHz (fifth order) is experimentally realized. This is the first demonstration, to the authors’ knowledge, of using SnTe QDs‐SA for generating ultrafast laser pulses along with high‐repetition‐rate harmonic mode‐locking pulses. Therefore, this study will establish a new research scope for SnTe QDs in ultrafast photonics, nonlinear photonics, frequency combs, and optical communications.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Regioselective 3‐Fluoroallylic Cyanation
Authors: Middel Christoph , Zygalski Lukas , Meinecke Jannick , Koert Ulrich 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA rhodium catalyzed allylic cyanation of 3‐fluoroallylic trifluoroacetates with TMSCN and a bulky phosphite ligand gives 3‐fluoroallylic nitriles with a good substrate scope and high Z/E‐selectivity. For dialkylated substrates the fluorine substituent controls the regioselectivity in favor of the distal product. For the stereoselectivity of the allylic cyanation selected scalemic substrates showed inversion of the stereocenter and some or no stereoerosion.magnified image
Wood‐Inspired Cement with High Strength and Multifunctionality
Authors: Wang Faheng , Du Yuanbo , Jiao Da , Zhang Jian , Zhang Yuan , Liu Zengqian , Zhang Zhefeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTaking lessons from nature offers an increasing promise toward improved performance in man‐made materials. Here new cement materials with unidirectionally porous architectures are developed by replicating the designs of natural wood using a simplified ice‐templating technique in light of the retention of ice‐templated architectures by utilizing the self‐hardening nature of cement. The wood‐like cement exhibits higher strengths at equal densities than other porous cement‐based materials along with unique multifunctional properties, including effective thermal insulation at the transverse profile, controllable water permeability along the vertical direction, and the easy adjustment to be water repulsive by hydrophobic treatment. The strengths are quantitatively interpreted by discerning the effects of differing types of pores using an equivalent element approach. The simultaneous achievement of high strength and multifunctionality makes the wood‐like cement promising for applications as new building materials, and verifies the effectiveness of wood‐mimetic designs in creating new high‐performance materials. The simple fabrication procedure by omitting the freeze‐drying treatment can also promote a better efficiency of ice‐templating technique for the mass production in engineering and may be extended to other material systems.
Ultrabright NIR‐II Emissive Polymer Dots for Metastatic Ovarian Cancer Detection
Authors: Zhou Xiaobo , Liu Qiyu , Yuan Wei , Li Zhenhua , Xu Yuliang , Feng Wei , Xu Congjian , Li Fuyou 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntraoperative diagnosis of metastatic tumors is of significant importance to the treatment of ovarian cancer. NIR‐II fluorescence imaging holds great promise for facile detection of tumor in situ with high sensitivity and resolution. Herein, a kind of NIR‐II fluorescent polymer dots (NIR‐II Pdots) with high brightness is developed for real‐time detection of metastatic ovarian cancer via NIR‐II fluorescence imaging. The NIR‐II Pdots are constructed via the self‐assembly of NIR‐II emissive aggregation induced emission luminogens (NIR‐II AIEgens) and poly (styrene)‐graft‐poly(ethylene glycol) in water. Such NIR‐II Pdots show very high fluorophore contents of nearly 30% and high quantum yield of 5.4% at emission maximum near 1020 nm. Further modification of the NIR‐II Pdots with targeting peptides yields NIR‐II Pdots‐GnRH, which can afford enhanced affinity of NIR‐II Pdots to ovarian cancer. Upon intravenous injection of the NIR‐II Pdots, whole‐body organs and vessels, peritoneal and lymphatic metastases of ovarian cancer are clearly visualized by NIR‐II fluorescence imaging. Under the guidance of NIR‐II fluorescence imaging, the metastatic foci with the diameter down to ≈2 mm can be facilely eliminated. The results indicate preclinical potential value of the NIR‐II Pdots for metastatic ovarian cancer detection.
Sequential Modulations of Tumor Vasculature and Stromal Barriers Augment the Active Targeting Efficacy of Antibody‐Modified Nanophotosensitizer in Desmoplastic Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Yan Yue , Chen Binlong , Wang Zenghui , Yin Qingqing , Wang Yaoqi , Wan Fangjie , Mo Yulin , Xu Bo , Zhang Qiang , Wang Siling , Wang Yiguang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractActive‐targeted nanoparticles are attractive carriers due to their potentials to facilitate specific delivery of drugs into tumor cells while sparing normal cells. However, the therapeutic outcomes of active‐targeted nanomedicines are hampered by the multiple physiological barriers in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, an epidermal growth factor receptor‐targeted ultra‐pH‐sensitive nanophotosensitizer is fabricated, and the regulation of the TME to augment the active targeting ability and therapeutic efficacy is pinpointed. The results reveal that tumor vasculature normalization with thalidomide indiscriminately enhance the tumor accumulation of passive and active targeted nanoparticles, both of which are sequestered in the stromal bed of tumor mass. Whereas, photoablation of stromal cells located in perivascular regions significantly improves the accessibility of antibody‐modified nanophotosensitizer to receptor‐overexpressed cancer cells. After sequential regulation of TME, the antitumor efficacy of antibody‐modified nanophotosensitizer is drastically enhanced through synergistic enhancements of tumor accumulation and cancer cell accessibility of active‐targeted nanoparticles. The study offers deep insights about the intratumoral barriers that hinder the active‐targeted nanoparticles delivery, and provides a basis for developing more effective strategies to accelerate the clinical translation of active‐targeted nanomedicines.
Soil health conditions under cotton production in North Carolina
Authors: Franzluebbers Alan J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) and N fractions are considered important indicators of soil health due to their multifunctional roles in storing and supplying nutrients, enhancing soil physical properties, and feeding soil biological activity and plant nutrition. Soil health condition from 120 fields under cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivation in North Carolina was assessed from soil analyses associated with a survey of historical management. Surface residue was collected, and soil was sampled at 0‐to‐10‐cm, 10‐to‐30‐cm, and 30‐to‐60‐cm depths. Soil properties varied by physiographic region of Piedmont, Coastal Plain, and Flatwoods. Conservation tillage was the dominant form of cotton cultivation, but many farms used inversion tillage for other crops in the rotation sequence. Soil‐test biological activity averaged 138 and 92 mg kg−1 3 d−1 under continuous conservation tillage and frequent tillage, respectively, in the surface 10‐cm depth (p < .001), and the tillage effect persisted into the 10‐to‐30‐cm depth (44 and 37 mg kg−1 3 d−1, p < .05). Cover cropping and animal manure had fewer and smaller effects on soil properties. History of animal manure application elevated (p < .05) soil‐test P (229 vs. 179 g m−3), Cu (4.3 vs. 1.6 g m−3), and Zn (10.0 vs. 4.0 g m−3). Intermittent tillage in the rotation sequence was the largest impediment to sustained SOC, total soil N accumulation, and soil microbial properties. This assessment illustrated positive soil health condition from farmer adoption of conservation tillage, but further improvements will be possible only with more continuous practice of conservation approaches.