bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphite flake cast iron surface hardening
Authors: Mironova M V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The influence of the operating parameters of electric arc heat treatment of the surface layer of graphite flake cast iron type CП-61 on the structure, microhardness of structural components and the size of the hardening zone is studied. It is shown that controlling the arc power, its speed and the degree of overlap of local hardening zones allows purposefully forming modified structural States with properties most suitable for specific operating conditions in the surface working layer of cast iron. Overlapping of local hardening zones allows purposefully forming modified structures with suitable properties for specific operating conditions in the surface working layer of cast iron rolls. According to the research results, regularities of formation of the structure and phase composition and properties of the surface layer of cast iron type CП-61 under the influence of electric arc heat treatment were obtained. Control of parameters of the processing mode (power and speed of the arc, the degree of overlap of local hardening zones) allows you to purposefully form modified structures with suitable properties for specific operating conditions in the surface working layer of cast iron.
Evolution of the structure of precipitation-hardening steel during heat treatment
Authors: Safonov E N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In order to identify the mechanism of the processes responsible for the formation of the properties of deposited steels of type 15N4M2D2G2AYuF and 20N4M2D2G2YuF, we studied the patterns of formation of their structure and phase composition as a result of heat treatment. The analysis of the results made it possible to recommend tempering at the temperature of 550 °C for two hours as the main mode of heat treatment of these steels. The development of the properties and structure of the deposited steel of the presented type is the result of multi-step interaction of several hardening mechanisms. The main role in the formation of the structure and properties is played by martensitic transformations, as well as solid-solution hardening by interstitial and substitutive atoms. At the first stage, the hardening is caused by the deposition of dispersed intermetallic compounds and carbides. In addition, dispersed particles of intermetallic phases are released at the early stages of aging and slow down the annihilation of dislocations in the matrix. With longer aging, carbides deposited at fixed dislocations contribute to hardening.
Research of features of structure formation in case of surface steel hardening
Authors: Safonov E N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The geometric characteristics, microhardness and features of structure formation were studied in the heat-affected zone during the surface hardening of 09Г2, 20ФЛ, 45XHM, 65Г steels with direct current electric arc in argon. It is shown that the depth of zone with thermally modified structure is 0.7–1.2 mm with a tendency to decrease at maximum values of arc speed. Reheating of previously formed local hardening zone is accompanied by certain decrease in surface hardness, however, by changing the overlapping, the hardness of treated surface can be optimized with achieving of formation of regular structure. A regular gradient structure with periodically changing phase composition and microhardness is formed in the surface layer of steel that has been thermally treated with an electric arc. By changing the parameters of the processing conditions (electric arc current, speed of its movement, overlap of local hardening zones), it is possible to purposefully form a certain structural-phase state of the steel surface with properties that meet the operating conditions.
Sulfur partition by process stages of metallurgical production of JSC EVRAZ NTMK
Authors: Savelyev M V , Sheshukov O Yu , Metelkin A A , Shevchenko O I , Tkachev A S , Shmakov S V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The current level of development of the industry requires the manufacture of steel with high purity in relation to detrimental impurities. Sulfur is one of such impurities that significantly reduces the service properties, the content of which is strictly regulated in the finished product. Deep desulfurization may be achieved through development of cross-cutting technology of metal production as a single process including agglomeration and blast-furnace process and steelmaking. Sulfur partition by metallurgical process stages via conversion from raw materials of the blast-furnace process to steel continuously cast blank is studied in this work. It is shown that removal of sulfur from the half-finished product at the desulfurization plant will not provide the required sulfur content (less than 0.005 %) in the steel ingot. It is determined that the activity plan comprising treatment of the half-finished product at the desulfurization plant, smelting in the converter, treatment of steel at the ladle furnace unit and then in the vacuum vessel is required to obtain the final content of sulfur of less than 0.005%.
Calculation of sulfur removal in ladle furnace unit by means of ionic theory of slags
Authors: Savelyev M V , Sheshukov O Yu , Metelkin A A , Shevchenko O I , Egiazar’yan D K 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article describes issues of sulfur removal in ladle furnace unit. First of all, metal desulfurization in ladle steel treatment units is achieved due to transition of sulfur to the slag phase. Coefficient of partition of sulfur between metal and slag is affected by sulfide capacity of slag, coefficient of activity of sulfur in the metal, oxidation potential of medium and reaction equilibrium constant of partition of sulfur between metal and slag. Temperature of liquid state in the ladle has significant impact on sulfide capacity of slag. Proposed calculation procedure based on provisions of ionic structure of slags allows evaluating a concentration of sulfur in steel on the basis of determination of coefficient of its partition between metal and slag. Optical basicity is suggested as criterion of refining property of slag, it has been shown that the amphoteric oxide Al2O3 is essential to calculation of this indicator. Its impact on sulfide capacity of slag is detected.
Research into in-service deterioration of ball-rolling rolls
Authors: Rubcov V Ju , Shevchenko O I , Spirina A S , Pankova N A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This work features research findings on causes of deterioration occurring in ball-rolling rolls. The causes of such deterioration may originate not only in the excessive loads application and the use of bottleneck operating parameters but also in the specific process being implemented and the equipment used to heat-treat the rolling rolls. The deterioration occurring in roll flanges having a relatively small thickness was used to demonstrate that, to prevent the deterioration of ball-rolling roll flanges, the mill design must accommodate the minimum allowable flange widths obtained as a function of maximum allowable loads and the roll pass calculations. The next example of roll deterioration involved the use of a gas furnace to implement the heating stage of the quench hardening process for rolls made of 35KhGSA steel, which, as a result, developed roll deterioration. The use of rolls of the same steel grade, which were heat-treated in an arc furnace prior to being quenched, has been shown to deliver long-lasting positive results evidenced by many years of their operation. Rolls made of 5KhNM steel have also been shown to respond well to the heat treatment preceding the quenching process, but this time, the treatment was implemented in a gas furnace.
Ultrasound effect on electrospark cementation process
Authors: Shevchenko O I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The process of carburizing is well-studied and is one of the traditional processes of the thermochemical treatment of steel. The process has disadvantages such as high energy consumption, long exposure time, complicated processing of large products and surfaces. Electrospark deposition with a carbon electrode is proposed as an alternative process. The carburizing extent and the working layer depth can be increased when the process is used in the ultrasonic vibration field. A resonant vibration introducing circuit with a standing wave generated in the specimen tested is implemented to identify the influence of specific ultrasonic wave areas on the hardened layer formed. The highest carbon saturation of the surface layer was found in the standing ultrasonic wave oscillation node area, where cyclic stretching and compression of the medium contribute to the excess phases release. The carbon in the martensite estimated by the c/a ratio was 0.78% by weight. The highest cementite layer depth and transition zone size are in the ultrasonic wave antinode area, where the highest dynamic medium particles displacement is observed under the influence of vibrations. It is shown that the base metal structure component dispersiveness is responsible for the increased hardened layer depth.
Raising of energy efficiency of thermal performance of layered metallurgical units using layered type of natural gas combustion
Authors: Matyukhin V I , Matyukhina A V , Dudko V A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
While heating lump materials there are some difficulties such as poorly organized process of grate firing, conditions deterioration of gas-air mixture creation, limited discharge of combustion products out of a layer due to additional aerodynamic drag occurrence when gases flow. Grate firing of gaseous fuel can be completed in a dense layer of lump materials which have different chemical composition and particle-size distribution. To do this, it is necessary to provide formation of high-temperature area and complete thermal generation process directly between separate elements of treated materials. It allows providing specified temperature-time conditions of heat treatment of the different layer sections. Also, it is required to limit the direct contact of the high temperature zones with external boundaries of the unit smelting chamber and environment for increasing reliability and effectiveness. In this paper, we present existent heat-exchange schemes in grate process units during the heat treatment of lump materials. An ability of grate firing of gaseous fuel while organizing a delivery of prepared gas-air mixture into a dense layer or separate tuyer gas and air supply with separate flows is shown. Usage of indicated ways of feeding allows decreasing energy demands and improving quality of products delivered.
Use of temporary gas flow to improve the efficiency of metallurgical units operation
Authors: Matyukhin V I , Matyukhina A V , Zhuravlyov S Ya , Yamshanova N V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the results of industrial tests on dust deposition due to the use of an unsteady gas flow. JSC SUMZ (Revda) applied the technology with the use of acoustic radiators to organize in-furnace dust deposition at Vanyukov furnace. The design of the radiator included a nozzle pipe, air nozzle, resonator and focusing surface. Based on the surface area of the furnace molten pool and recommended specific acoustic power values for in-furnace dust condensing, the total acoustic field sound power was calculated. The optimal number and location of acoustic radiators was determined. The analysis of the data of industrial tests of the use of the acoustic field energy in the working space of the PZhV, as well as the results of tests on the converter No. 2 of JSC ‘SUMZ’, the cyclone of the firing multi-hearth furnace of JSC ‘SVYATOGOR’, the dust chamber of the Waelz furnace and cleaning of the heat exchange surfaces of the boiler on waste gases (JSC ‘Chelyabinsk Zinc Plant’).
Development of radial-shear rolling mill special stands for continuous cast billets deformation
Authors: Iskhakov R V , Gamin Yu V , Kadach M V , Budnikov A S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article offers the structure of the three-roll stand for radial-shear rolling that is designed to deformation of continuous cast billets. The stand can be installed in the pipe rolling mill manufacturing line that shall ensure manufacturing flexibility. To achieve the objective set, elaboration of working rolls integration with the drive as well as verification against the allowable torque and strength calculations in SolidWorks Simulation were performed at the design stage. For the major part of the frame, stresses do not exceed 60 MPa and the design rigidity rate will be 2.86 MN/mm. The special stand has a specific frame structure to ensure its mounting on the existing equipment base. The configuration of rolls sets is selected considering the possibility of integration with the spindle assemblies of the group drive and maximum allowable cross angle (≤ 15°). The developed design proves to have sufficient strength margin with the relatively small weight. The special radial-shear rolling mill stand will allow increasing total strain degree and reducing the number of billets sizes.
Determination of cutting forces based on DMG MORI CTX300 ecoline CNC lathe drive power data
Authors: Starostin A P , Elkind D M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Modern machine building needs demand for machines and control systems which provide higher accuracy of machining. For this purpose, setup methods are being researched and accuracy of machines and devices is being improved. The main topic of this paper is a tool path predistortion system which is necessary for improvement of shaft turning accuracy when a steady rest cannot be used on a CNC machines. Calculation of such tool path requires one to know the cutting force during turning on a CNC lathe. The research in question allowed to determine the dependence of cutting force during turning on the power consumed by the feed drive, cutting depth, cutting velocity, and feed value. An equation for further calculation applicable to a specific lathe in the turning process was derived. This equation serves as basis for adaptive turning of shafts and other parts with the aid of a mathematical model, which must account for the cutting force. Application of this formula in a CNC controlled lathe’s parametric program will provide for higher accuracy of turning without special devices.
Development of the identifier system of indicators for improving the information potential of the holding
Authors: Dolzhenkova E V , Iurieva L V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article presents the system of competitively-balanced indicators, which makes it possible to assess different spheres of activity of industrial enterprises of the holding for the purpose of improving its information potential. In order to manage metallurgical holding activities, it is proposed to combine accounting and analytical procedures used for strategic decision-making aimed at information potential increasing. For this purpose, the authors’ identifier system of indicators includes three blocks: strategic, operational and tactical. When classifying indicators according to the management levels, the following points are taken into account: preliminary analysis of the structural elements in each indicator, consideration of triggers, need for expert assessment. Basing on values dynamics, the results of the calculations make it possible to identify positive trends for some enterprises and negative trends for other enterprises of the holding. They also help to determine the reasons for the increase or decrease of the integral evaluation of one metallurgical enterprise compared to another. All these increases the efficiency of strategic decision-making in the holding management. Besides, the proposed model gives the possibility for determining the assumptions for its implementation in each metallurgical enterprise, thereby increasing the information potential of the entire holding.
Ejector jet mill with external pressure
Authors: Barakovskikh D S , Shishkin S F 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Jet mills are used to produce fine products in many industries. Spiral jet mills and fluidized bed jet mills are widely used. They differ in that the destruction of particles occurs as a result of the abrasion process. The use of impact ejector jet mills is limited by a relatively low consumable concentration of material. When the consumable concentration of the material increases the acceleration speed of particles and the material grinding degree decrease. To eliminate this disadvantage a new method and design of an ejector jet mill for fine grinding of bulk materials has been developed (patent of Russian Federation No. 2711252). The technological process occurs at excessive external pressure of the ejected gas. It is shown that it is feasible to increase the pressure at the beginning of the acceleration tube when the pressures ratio of the working and secondary gas is higher than the critical one. It increases the consumption concentration of bulk material and the acceleration speed of crushed particles. This allows reducing the specific energy consumption and increasing the grinding degree. Experimental studies have confirmed an increase in the consumption concentration by 1.6–1.9 times and an increase in the grinding degree by 1.3–1.7 times compared to a typical ejector jet mill.
Development of tool selection process for milling of pocket features
Authors: Gordeeva T A , Kugaevskii S S , Starostin A P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In modern production, three-dimensional modeling of workpieces has become a logical stage in the development of the technological process. Engineering analysis, process design, CNC mill tool path design, final inspection of products and other aspects are done basing on 3D models and have become the norm in the manufacturing industry. This research aimed at deriving mathematical tools which could be used in the process of CAM software development and modernization. Structural and process related elements can be automatically recognized on the basis of a 3D model. English literature refers to such elements as features. A set of parameters necessary for the description of a pocket design feature characteristics was reviewed. Available process solutions for CNC machining of said feature were analyzed. Special attention was given to selection of the roughing and finishing mills, as well as roughing and finishing cut strategy development. A tool parameter selection algorithm was developed for CNC milling of a pocket feature.
Development of super-professional competencies of the production personnel in the context of university supplementary education programs
Authors: Myslyakova Yu G , Kurashova M V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the article, the authors explore development of super-professional competencies of the production personnel of enterprises of the military-industrial complex. Here are the most popular supplementary education programs implemented by UrFU and UrGEU and ensuring formation of professional and super-professional competencies effectiveness of which ensures competitive ability of employees and ability of enterprises themselves to switch over to the neo-industrial way of their development. Authors also suggested an express-method of assessing a quality of development of super-professional competencies of personnel in the context of universities. This method has been tested at production personnel of the enterprises of JSC EVRAZ NTMK and JSC ‘Research and production corporation ‘UralVagonZavod’ who listened to supplementary education programs. Results that have been received confirm necessity of creation of centers of supplementary vocational education expanding implementation of spectrum of competence-based university programs for development of super-professional competencies of the production personnel of enterprises of the military-industrial complex.
To the issue of transformation of ‘old industrial area’ geobrand through example of Sverdlovsk Region
Authors: Myslyakova Yu G , Kurashova M V , Shcherbinin M M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The authors of the article present the results of theoretical and methodological review of term ‘old industrial area’, in the result of which its features and identical problems of functioning were identified. Similarity of such regions is demonstrated in correlation of economic downfall with level of social strain; difficulty of industrial fields transformation; disinclination to accessibility of innovations; imperfection of financial institutions and problems of industrial heritage valorization. Transformation of ‘old industrial area’ is considered through example of Sverdlovsk Region. The authors defined several directions of its implementation and explained geotransformation of the considered region from a historically developed image of a ‘state stronghold’ to the image of developing region with modern capital acquiring features of international metropolitan city. The article describes formation of new dynamically developing image of ‘capital area’ for Sverdlovsk Region having innovative path of evolution in terms of ability to engage young people both from different parts of Russia and various countries. Taking into account a number of facts it is also the evidence that intensification of trend of migration to the capital of Sverdlovsk Region for educational reasons is directly related to its image of a big city.
Role of management of industrial enterprises in formation of labor migration trend in region
Authors: Kurashova M V , Nadeina Ye A , Myslyakova Yu G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the article it is justified, that one of the options to solve the problem of increase of a labor migration trend of young population of a small mono-city or of a highly specialized city is integration of a talent management concept into a management system of its basic industrial enterprise. The body of evidence for this justification was composed by the results of the research of essence of notion ‘talent’ and its management features, as well as conclusions obtained in the course of survey of pupils of eleventh grades of schools in Nizhny Tagil, as well as of students of technical schools and universities of this city. The following provisions have been determined as specific recommendations to reduce the migration outflow of young people: the concept of talent management at an industrial enterprise has not only corporate, but also territorial effectiveness in solving the socio-demographic problems of the city; it is necessary to minimize not so much labor as educational migration of the young population, since it has a transformational nature and a stable form of appearance; talent management programs shall be adapted to conditions of functioning of highly specialized cities.
Difficulties of succession pipeline in large industrial enterprises of Nizhny Tagil in studies of tendencies of competitiveness of higher technical education
Authors: Shcherbinin M M , Potanin V V , Chetverikov S E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
There have been significant changes in the higher education system in Russia recently. The possibility to apply for post-secondary education to several universities according to the results of the Unified State Examination (USE) and the transition to the two-level structure of higher education have significantly changed the landscape of competitiveness not only between individual universities, but also between large cities, which have become centers of mass attraction of applicants and young specialists. The number of students studying federally funded has been decreasing over the years. As a result, regional universities suffer a shortage of applicants, while local industrial enterprises suffer a shortage of young qualified personnel. The described problems are fully demonstrated in the system of higher education and training of young engineering personnel for large industrial enterprises in Nizhny Tagil. The article reviews the results of the study on the motivational field of academic migration of young people from the Nizhny Tagil city, conducted in February-March 2020.