bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Necessity or Luxury? Welfare Work in the Company Towns of the Russian Empire
Authors: Kulikov Volodymyr 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Based on research into company towns in late imperial Russia, the author investigates the reasons why businesses financed welfare work. It is argued that companies targeted different social layers in their towns with various programmes offered as fringe benefits to retain their competitive edge for skilled employees on the labour market. Corporate money was also spent on luxuries such as theatres, social clubs, and similar provisions. All these were designed to attract managers and other salaried professionals whose economic and social weight increased dramatically after the managerial revolution in the late nineteenth century. However, the so-called “principal-agent problem” meant that some salaried managers spent corporate money for their own benefit, effectively turning welfare work into their own privilege. To prevent the misuse of welfare work, business owners had to control and incentivize their salaried managers (agents) to act in accordance with the company stockholders’ (the principals) best interests.
Prior-based Hierarchical Segmentation Highlighting Structures of Interest
Authors: Fehri Amin , Velasco-Forero Santiago , Meyer Fernand 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Image segmentation is the process of partitioning an image into a set of meaningful regions according to some criteria. Hierarchical segmentation has emerged as a major trend in this regard as it favors the emergence of important regions at different scales. On the other hand, many methods allow us to have prior information on the position of structures of interest in the images. In this paper, we present a versatile hierarchical segmentation method that takes into account any prior spatial information and outputs a hierarchical segmentation that emphasizes the contours or regions of interest while preserving the important structures in the image. Several applications are presented that illustrate the method versatility and efficiency.
Assessment of radioactivity from groundwater samples from selected areas of Western Black Sea Region, Turkey
Authors: Özdemir Öge Tuba , Özdemir Firdevs Banu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this study, radon concentration measurements and chemical analyses of groundwater samples were performed in four sampling locations of Bartın Province of Western Black Sea Region, Turkey. 222Rn analysis was carried out in groundwater samples with liquid scintillation counting system in accordance with ASTM D5072 standard. The pH, total hardness, alkalinity and dissolved oxygen parameters of the groundwater samples were also determined. The radon concentrations for the water samples ranged between <3.00 Bq/L–12.03 Bq/L. Thirty eight percentage of the samples slightly exceeded the permissible limit of 11.1 Bq/L specified by USEPA for drinking waters. The annual effective doses of groundwater samples were calculated in the range of 7.41–30.74 μSv/y for ingestion of water (E
w.Ig

), and in the range of 7.31–30.31 μSv/y for inhalation of radon released from water (Ew.Ih
). The total calculated annual effective doses due to ingestion and inhalation were found to be below the limit value of 100 μSv/y specified by the World Health Organization (WHO). The radioactivity measurement results significantly varied for three sampling points but not for one sampling point on two different measurement dates, which is attributed to the differences in geological structure. The chemical analysis results, except for total hardness in two sampling points, were within the permissible limits specified by international standards.
The good sense of Umberto Eco and the common sense of the Echian Encyclopaedia
Authors: Lorusso Anna Maria 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aim of my contribution is to analyse the role that common sense has played in Umberto Eco’s work. After making clear the distinction between good sense and common sense, and highlighting a number of differences with the Scottish philosophy of common sense, I will consider the uses and functions that common sense assumes in Eco’s philosophy: namely, a phenomenological function, a regulatory function and a communicative function. I will demonstrate how the characterisation of common sense in Eco emphasises the importance of the historical dimension of Sens, the importance of the public and social dimension of semiosis, and how common sense plays a fundamental, pragmatic role in the disposition to act, whilst revealing the importance of the Peircian lesson and Eco’s consonance with Peirce’s positions.
Nouns & co. Converging evidence in the analysis of associative plurals
Authors: Mauri Caterina , Sansò Andrea 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA morphosyntactic peculiarity that separates proper names from (most) other noun types is their ability to occur in a special type of plural, called associative plural, whose meaning is X and X’s associated person(s). In this paper, we apply a ‘converging evidence’ methodology to the analysis of associative plurals, by providing a diachronic typology of these plurals through the identification of the more frequent sources of associative plural markers that are attested in a sample of 80 languages, and by looking for emerging constructions for the expression of associative plurality in two corpora of English and Italian, two languages that do not have a grammaticalized way to encode this type of plurality. The analysis will show that associative plurals are likely to grammaticalize from a restricted pool of synchronic sources, and that these sources are mostly indexical sources and sources denoting the plural set, in accordance with the special semantics and referential properties of proper names.
Summe seiner Teile?
Authors: Backes Burkhard 
Published: November 2019

Summary
New interpretation of Berlin, Ägyptisches Museum 11405. The object shows traces of voluntary mutilation not dissimilar to the much older ‘reserve heads’. Some elements have been left unfinished. In the light of iconographic parallels in some reliefs, the combination of two embracing scarabs with a human head is identified as an image of Ptah as creator-god.
Two Coptic Homographs and the Missing Link in the Etymology of et-Tôd
Authors: Krueger Frederic 
Published: November 2019

Summary
The commonly accepted etymology of the Arabic toponym et-Tôd as being directly descended from Ḏrtj is diagnosed as incomplete and complemented by a missing intermediate stage: (p') T(w)t(we) = ⲡⲧⲟⲩⲱⲧ, a pseudetymology “the Chapel/Temple” is first attested in a Demotic inscription of the Ptolemaic period and again in two Coptic ostraca of the 6th century CE, probably referring to the temple of et-Tôd and born of a desire to make new sense of the better attested variant ⲧⲟⲟⲩⲧ in which the original etymology was no longer recognizable. Ongoing coexistence of both forms might also explain Arabic variations. The etymology of et-Tôd furthermore shows that two distinct Demotic words for “image” and for “chapel/temple” survive but are obscured by their identical spelling in Coptic as ⲧⲟⲩⲱⲧ, which dictionaries have identified only with the former.
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Enhances Memory Acquisition and Is Associated with Synaptoneurosome Modification in the Rat Hippocampus
Authors: Jung Seung Ho , Hatcher-Solis Candice , Moore Raquel , Bechmann Naomi , Harshman Sean , Martin Jennifer , Jankord Ryan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTranscranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation approach previously shown to enhance memory acquisition, but more studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Here, we examined the effects of anodal tDCS (0.25 mA for 30 min) on the memory performance of male Sprague Dawley rats in the passive avoidance test (PAT) and the associated modifications to the hippocampal proteomes. Results indicate anodal tDCS applied before the acquisition period significantly enhanced memory performance in the PAT. Following PAT, synaptoneurosomes were biochemically purified from the hippocampi of tDCS-treated or sham-treated rats and individual protein abundances were determined by bottom-up liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis. Proteomic analysis identified 184 differentially expressed hippocampal proteins when comparing the sham to the tDCS before memory acquisition treatment group. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) showed anodal tDCS before memory acquisition significantly enhanced pathways associated with memory, cognition, learning, transmission, neuritogenesis, and long-term potentiation (LTP). IPA identified significant upstream regulators includingbdnf,shank3, andgsk3b. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) and protein sequence similarity (PSS) networks show that glutamate receptor pathways, ion channel activity, memory, learning, cognition, and long-term memory were significantly associated with anodal tDCS. Centrality measures from both networks identified key proteins includingdlg,shank,grin, andgriathat were significantly modified by tDCS applied before the acquisition period. Together, our results provide descriptive molecular evidence that anodal tDCS enhances memory performance in the PAT by modifying hippocampal synaptic plasticity related proteins.
A formação profissional em escolas primárias e em escolas normais primárias portuguesas (1844-1926)
Authors: Matos José Manuel , Rodrigues Alexandra , Candeias Rui 
Published: November 2019

Desde a reforma de 1844 que o ensino primário português passou a prever, após um 1o grau de formação genérica centrada na trilogia ler, escrever e contar, um 2o grau, e, entre 1911 e 1926, um 3o grau, designado por superior, com cursos práticos especiais para o ensino agrícola, industrial, comercial ou marítimo, de acordo com a localização das escolas, e que se reconhece também como um embrião de formação. Este artigo pretende pois estudar os modos como as escolas normais primárias abordaram a formação de professores nestas áreas no período 1844-1926 e, emparticular, saber como o ensino da matemática nessas escolas se adaptou a essa finalidade.
Association Between Skin Reaction and Clinical Benefit in Patients Treated with Anti-Programmed Cell Death 1 Monotherapy for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Aso Mari , Toi Yukihiro , Sugisaka Jun , Aiba Tomoiki , Kawana Sachiko , Saito Ryohei , Ogasawara Takahiro , Tsurumi Kyoji , Ono Kana , Shimizu Hisashi , Domeki Yutaka , Terayama Keisuke , Kawashima Yosuke , Nakamura Atsushi , Yamanda Shinsuke , Kimura Yuichiro , Honda Yoshihiro , Sugawara Shunichi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Anti-programmed cell death 1 antibody is a standard therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs), such as skin reactions, are frequently observed. Although skin reactions are associated with clinical efficacy in melanoma, this association in advanced NSCLC and predictors of irAEs remain unclear. Accordingly, this study identified potential correlations of skin reactions with clinical efficacy and clinical predictors of development of skin reactions.

Subjects, Materials, and Methods
We retrospectively surveyed patients with advanced NSCLC who received nivolumab or pembrolizumab monotherapy at Sendai Kousei Hospital (n = 155) during January 2016 to April 2018. Treatment efficacy was evaluated in patients with and without skin reactions, and associated predictive markers were determined. A 6-week landmark analysis was conducted to assess the clinical benefit of early skin reactions.

Results
Skin reactions were observed in 51 patients with a median time to onset of 6.4 weeks. The overall response rate (ORR) was significantly higher in patients with skin reactions (57% vs. 19%, p &lt; .001). Median progression-free survival (PFS) durations of 12.9 and 3.5 months and overall survival durations of not reached and 11.4 months were observed in patients with and without skin reactions, respectively. In the 6-week landmark analysis, the ORR was significantly higher in patients with skin reactions, and skin reactions were significantly associated with increased PFS. A multivariate analysis identified pre-existing rheumatoid factor (RF) as an independent predictor of skin reactions.

Conclusion
Skin reactions appeared beneficial in patients treated with nivolumab/pembrolizumab for advanced NSCLC and could be predicted by pre-existing RF. Further large-scale validations studies are warranted.
Türkiye Tarım Kredi Kooperatifleri için Kurumsal Performans Karnesi Önerisi
Authors: FASAL Abdulkadir , BALABAN Özlem 
Published: November 2019

Bu çalışmada, ülkemiz tarım sektörü açısından
önemli konumda bulunan kooperatiflerin kurumsal performanslarında artış
sağlayacak, yöneticiler için karar verme süreçlerine katkıda bulunacak ve
kooperatiflerin kendi yapılarına uyarlayarak kullanabilecekleri çok boyutlu
ölçme ve değerlendirme sistemini baz alan kurumsal performans karnesi
oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında
verilerin elde edilmesinde kullanılan anket formu yöneticilerden oluşan 5
kişilik bir çalışma grubu ile yapılan 9 haftalık çalışmalar sonucu
oluşturulmuştur. Sonrasında anket formu Tarım Kredi Kooperatifleri Merkez
Birliği ve 17 Bölge Birliğinde çalışan 140 yöneticiye gönderilmiştir.
Yöneticiler tarafından 105 ankete geri dönüş yapılmıştır. Çalışma
sonucunda tarımsal kooperatiflerde finansal ve ortak boyutunun ön planda
olduğu, öğrenme ve gelişme boyutunun
arka planda kaldığı tespit edilerek, konuya yönelik çözüm önerileri
geliştirilmiştir.
Doğrusal Olmayan Kanonik Korelasyon Analizi ile Seçilmiş Demografik ve Sosyo-Kültürel Kavramların Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÖZKAN Mustafa 
Published: November 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kategorik değişken gruplarının
değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan önemli yöntemlerden biri olarak bilinen Gifi
terminolojisinin son aşaması olan doğrusal olmayan kanonik korelasyon
analizinin (OVERALS) kullanımıdır. Bu amaçla, Türkiye'deki bireylerin,
seçilen demografik ve sosyo-kültürel kavramlar açısından farklılık gösterip
göstermedikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada, öncelikle OVERALS hakkında gerekli
genel bilgiler verilmiştir. Sonrasında, veriler SPSS 24.0 paket programı ile test
edilmiştir. Araştırma için, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) tarafından her yıl
gerçekleştirilen yaşam memnuniyeti anketinin 2017 mikro verileri kullanılmış ve
9876 adet geçerli anket verisinden faydalanılmıştır. OVERALS sonuçlarına göre, bitirilen okul,
cinsiyet, bilim, moda, ekonomi, spor ve kültür kavramlarının, Türkiye'de
demografik ve sosyo-kültürel açıdan ayırma gücü yüksek değişkenlerdir. Çalışmada
hangi demografik ve sosyo-kültürel kavramlar arasında toplumsal benzerlik ya da
farklılıklar olduğu da değerlendirilmiştir.
Virus respiratorios identificados de pacientes hospitalizados en una institución de alta complejidad
Authors: Viola Luz Marina , Pacheco Robinson , Rosso Fernando , Villegas Adriana 
Published: November 2019

Introducción: Las Infecciones Respiratorias Agudas (IRA) son un grupo de enfermedades con sintomatología respiratoria similar, causadas por bacterias o virus que se adquieren por contacto directo o a través del aire.
Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de virus respiratorios identificados por RT-PCR múltiplex y detección por microarreglos, en la Fundación Valle del Lili entre junio de 2013 y diciembre de 2014.
Métodos: Realizamos un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, se evaluaron registros de pacientes hospitalizados en la FVL entre junio de 2013 y diciembre de 2014. Las muestras fueron evaluadas por RT-PCR múltiplex y detección por microarreglos (CLART PneumoVir), se aplicó estadística descriptiva.
Resultados: De 161 muestras, 96 (60 %) fueron positivas. El servicio con la mayor proporción de pacientes positivos fue la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos-UCI (56%). El 32 % de los aislamientos positivos se identificaron en pacientes mayores de 60 años. Los virus más frecuentemente detectados fueron: Rinovirus (30%), Influenza (H1N1/ 2009) (12 %) y Bocavirus (12 %). Influenza A (H1N1/2009) fue la cepa más comúnmente aislada entre los virus de la gripe (12%), seguido de un 11% (17 casos) con coinfección viral. No se identificó el patrón estacional.
Conclusión: La RT-PCR múltiplex y la detección por microarreglos para la identificación de los virus de mayor circulación en el mundo, son herramientas útiles, sensibles y rápidas. A diferencia de lo reportado por la literatura científica, en este estudio se observó mayor porcentaje de pruebas positivas en adultos y no se observó estacionalidad para ninguno de los virus evaluados
ANALYSIS OF EXPERT VALIDATION ON DEVELOPING FACTORS INFLUENCING CAREER CHOICE MALAYSIAN VOCATIONAL COLLEGE TEACHERS’ MODEL
Authors: Mutalib M. R. Abdul , M. I. Mahmud , Affandi, H. Mohd , I. Irawan , Rus R Che 
Published: November 2019

Purpose of study: The teaching profession is often seen as a non-rewarding career due to high burden duties that the teachers must endure. Consequently, many teachers lose interest in teaching, which resulted in a lack of job satisfaction. However, this profession has been chosen due to intrinsic, extrinsic and altruistic motivation. In view of this, there are some factors that are not explored in depth in a teaching career at Vocational Colleges.The purpose of this study is to explore Malaysian Vocational College teachers’ career choice. The goals of this research are to discover factors that lead Malaysian Vocational College teachers to pursue teaching and to identify the sub-factors in preparing them to be vocational teachers.
Methodology: The development of the constructs Malaysian Vocational College teachers’ career choice is based on 114 literature review articles. This goal is accomplished through 5 panels of experts consensus through the online questionnaires. Online questionnaires are chosen to conduct the survey because of its good review and user-friendliness. All levels of the agreement will be elevated by using the Fliess Kappa (K ) because more than 2 respondents. Fleiss Kappa is then used to evaluate the level of agreement between the raters.
Result: There are six major key factors found: family influence, socio-cultural influence, individual, situational and spiritual. There are 130 items developed and the overall finding K value is 0.55. Nevertheless, the K value within six major key factors is 0.4 to 0.86. The expert panels agree that this questionnaire might be acceptable with some improvement based on their additional comments in the online form. Based on this validation process, this questionnaire can be used in selecting the quality of Malaysian Vocational College teachers or TVET instructors. For the next step, this questionnaire will be conducted on 52 excellent teachers at Malaysian Vocational Colleges to understand in depth the key factors that significantly influence the decision of an individual to enter the vocational teaching profession in Malaysian Vocational Colleges.
Implications/Applications: In the future, the findings on this research will expose rich sources on the field of teaching and will be helpful to identify some high-quality TVET teachers in Malaysian Vocational College.
REFLECTION OF LABOR MARKET INTERESTS AND EXPECTATIONS IN EDUCATIONAL ORDER FOR CONTEMPORARY SCHOOL
Authors: V. Rogach Olga , V. Frolova Elena , M. Ryabova Tatyana , A. Vetrova Ekaterina 
Published: November 2019

Purpose of the study: The main objective of the study was the analysis of key labor market request content for the secondary education system, the level of employers' expectations compliance and actual learning outcomes, the research of resources and partnership interaction limitations of all interesting subjects in the process of an educational order development.
Methodology: The main method was the questionnaire survey of experts (individual entrepreneurs, the heads of industrial and structural divisions) of Moscow (N = 316). The results of the expert survey showed the interest of employers in close cooperation with school in order to reflect the interests of the labor market in the educational order adequately.
Results: The most motivated group is a small business, the leaders of the lowest level in the sphere of trade and service, who directly interact with the school graduates in the process of their early start of labor activity. The experts noted the problems in the development of the social competencies among schoolchildren: excessive self-esteem, an excessive level of claims, low level of willingness to work in a team, the lack of such qualities as responsiveness and responsibility. The cooperation between school and employers is limited to traditional sponsorship practices. The interaction of employers and educational institutions is quite fragmentary, it depends on a variety of random factors (personal and situational motives), which does not ensure the stability and the effectiveness of social partnership.
Applications of this study: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students.
Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research, the model of Reflection of Labor Market Interests and Expectations in Educational Order for Contemporary School is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL ASSESSMENT OF FUTURE TEACHERS AT THE FIRST STAGE OF THEIR PROFESSIONAL TRAINING
Authors: N. Voloshina Lyudmila , K. Buslovskaya Lyudmila , Ju. Kovtunenko Alexey , P. Ryzhkova Yulia , A. Prokopenko Yulia 
Published: November 2019

Purpose of the study: The topicality of the research is determined by the social order for a healthy personality, awareness of education possibilities to improve the adaptative potential, competitiveness, and activity.
Methodology: The assessment of the health state was based on the medical examination results in the clinic of Belgorod National Research University. Somatometric, somatoscopic and physiometric methods were used to define the functional state of the students’ organism.
Results: The health of a growing person starts with the health of his family and the teacher. The quality of the pedagogical strategy and the tactics of healthy generation education are defined by the teacher’s ability to design a personal model of safe behavior and to assess his own health adaptive risks and students too. Adaptative potential assessment of a future teacher as an integral health indicator at the primary stage of his professional training will determine the measures to prevent misadaptation and design strategies for personal safe behavior.
Applications of this study: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students.
Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research, the model of the Adaptive Potential Assessment of Future Teachers at the First Stage of their Professional Training is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.