bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ca2+–Calcineurin Axis–Controlled NFAT Nuclear Translocation Is Crucial for Optimal T Cell Immunity in an Early Vertebrate
Authors: Wei Xiumei , Li Huiying , Zhang Yu , Li Cheng , Li Kang , Ai Kete , Yang Jialong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Calcium ion (Ca2+) is a widespread and primitive second messenger that regulates physiological cell functions in almost all life beings. Ca2+ influx-induced NFAT activation is essential for T cell function and adaptive immunity. However, whether and how Ca2+ signaling modulates T cell immunity in early vertebrates, especially in nontetrapods, remains largely unknown. To address these questions, a Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) model was employed to investigate the regulation of ancestral T cell immunity by Ca2+–NFAT signaling in jawed fish. In Nile tilapia, an evolutionarily conserved Ca2+–NFAT signaling pathway is involved in the primary adaptive immune response during Streptococcus agalactiae infection. Meanwhile, T cell signals trigger several events along the Ca2+–NFAT axis in this early vertebrate, including Ca2+ influx, calcineurin activation, and NFAT nuclear import. More critically, suppression of Ca2+–NFAT signaling by the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A impairs primordial T cell activation, clonal expansion, and infection clearance. Mechanistically, Nile tilapia NFAT interacts with several other transcription factors for potent gene expression, and T cells in this nontetrapod employ Cabin1 and DYRK1A to regulate NFAT nuclear import and export, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the regulatory mechanism of Ca2+–NFAT signaling on T cell immunity in a nontetrapod species. We suggest that modulation of T cell immunity by Ca2+–NFAT signaling is a primitive strategy that already existed prior to the divergence of bony fish from the tetrapod lineage. The findings of this study provide valuable perspectives for understanding the evolution of adaptive immune system.
Does wild rabbit population size affect connectivity?
Authors: Machado R. , Santos P. 
Published: December 2019

<p>Wild rabbit is a relevant species in the Iberian Peninsula due to its ecological and economic roles. Conservationists and game managers therefore have a shared interest in assuring the existence of resilient and sustainable populations. Although management principles and guidelines are mostly known and understood, often the results are not as good as expected. Local abundance can vary significantly even in short periods, while the colonisation of adjacent territories is uncommon, probably due to the territorial behaviour of the species. Aware that the foundation of nuclei requires interaction among individuals, we hypothesised that rabbit abundance plays a significant part in population connectivity. In order to find out whether the population size affects nuclei connectivity, we conducted a graph theory-based connectivity analysis. The results confirm that connectivity grows with rabbit abundance, but only to a certain degree, and there is a spatial separation of the nuclei regardless of the population size. These outcomes suggest that a comprehensive wild rabbit population increment plan should address both the abundance and spatial distribution, but should not aim at achieving a continuous distribution of wild rabbit with constant or similar abundance. Regarding specific management actions, we argue that in restocking operations new nuclei should be located within dispersal range from the existing ones to promote inter-nuclei connectivity, but not too close, as the nuclei segregation tendency is likely to persist due to the species’ territoriality.</p>
Stories and Narratives as Agencies of Change in Music Education: Narrative Mania or a Resource for Developing Transformative Music Education Professionalism?
Authors: Westerlund Heidi Maria 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
By synthetizing a compilation of theoretical lenses and exemplifying narration in one institution’s community building, this inquiry explores the idea of stories and narratives as important strategic agencies of change for music education professional communities. More specifically, it examines narrating as forward-looking and as a source for creating identities for academic communities and organizations, and how the meaning, related to narration, anticipates action. It also highlights the importance of identifying Future Narratives in nodal situations that present the potential for changing the course of action. Through theoretical exploration and practical illustrations, the inquiry aims to trace the connection between narration, meaning, action, and imagination in supporting the emergence of desirable scenarios as well as the significance of language and positive narration in developing a sense of transformative music education professionalism.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for English Linguistics Research, Vol. 8, No. 4
Authors: Su Camille 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEnglish Linguistics Research (ELR) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether ELR publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 4Alina Andreea Dragoescu Urlica, University of Life Sciences, RomaniaGirolamo Tessuto, University of Naples, ItalyHülya Tuncer, Çukurova University, TurkeyKate Short-Meyerson, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, USANassier Al-Zubaidi, University of Baghdad, IraqOmer Elsheikh Hago Elmahdi, Taibah University, Saudi ArabiaSawsan M.A. Ahmed, Taif University, Saudi ArabiaWagdi Bin-Hady, Hadhramout University, YemenWin Whelan, St. Bonaventure University, USAZeineb Ayachi Ben Abdallah, Higher Institute of Human Sciences Jendouba, Tunisia Best Regards,Camille SuEditorial Assistant, English Linguistics ResearchSciedu Press*************************************Add: 9140 Leslie St. Suite 110, Beaver Creek, Ontario, L4B 0A9, CanadaTel: 1-416-479-0028 ext. 210Fax: 1-416-642-8548E-mail1: elr@sciedupress.com E-mail2: elr@sciedupress.org Website: http://elr.sciedupress.com
DETERMINATION OF THE MECHANISM OF PHENOMENAXY OF BENZOPHENONES WITH PHENOLS WITH THE HELP OF CNP EFFECTS
Authors: Arshinov Alexander V. , Porkhun Vladimir I. , Aristova Yulia V. 
Published: December 2019

The study of elementary acts of charge transfer occurring in conjugated systems under photoirradiation conditions is the most important task of chemical physics. Such studies allow us to obtain new ideas about the directions of generation of radical and ion-radical structures and to form approaches to the transformation of photoenergy into other types of energy. The currently developed general theoretical framework for proton-electron transfer reactions (PETR) is applicable to a wide range of experimentally studied reactions in solutions, proteins and electrochemistry, which play a crucial role in various chemical and biological processes, including photosynthesis, various enzyme reactions and energy devices. Currently, there is a methodology for simulating mixed quantum and classical molecular dynamics for PETR reactions; moreover, non-adiabatic dynamics methods have been developed for modeling ultrafast nonequilibrium dynamics of photoinduced PETR reactions for model systems. This paper discusses the results of the study of elementary stages and a detailed analysis of the internal mechanisms of stable generation of radio emission in photochemical reactions using the effects of chemical polarization of nuclei using the example of phototransformations of benzophenones with various electron donors. According to the results of studies conducted in a modified sensor of a multi-core NMR spectrometer with simultaneous recording of the spectrum, detailed mechanisms and elementary acts of photoreduction of benzophenones with triethylamine, N, N-diethyl-p-toluidine and N, N-dimethylaniline, as well as phenols and aniline, were established. It was found that the benzophenone photoreduced in two stages (first electron transfer, then proton) or one (transfer of a hydrogen atom only).
Efterord: NORDISK KUNSKAPSHISTORIA INFÖR 2020-TALET
Authors: Heidenblad David Larsson , Östling Johan 
Published: December 2019

Med våra avslutande reflektioner vill vi rikta blicken framåt och fråga oss vad det kunskapshistoriska fältet kan bli under 2020-talet. För tillfället befinner fältet sig i ett viktigt formerande skede. Det mest utmärkande draget är att det i dag fyller en integrativ funktion. Detta temanummer är en manifestation av detta. Men för att kunskapshistoria ska utvecklas till ett verkligt värdefullt historievetenskapligt fält krävs det mer. Det behöver utveckla sin generativa potential. En väg framåt som vi pekat på här är att utforma nya analytiska begrepp, metoder och perspektiv. En annan kan vara att forskningskluster bildas kring speciella teman och fenomen, företrädesvis sådana som inte överlappar med etablerade forskningsfält. En tredje väg är samarbeten mellan olika lokala kunskapshistori- ska forskningsmiljöer och forskargrupper, både inom och utanför Norden.
I samtliga fall menar vi att det bör finnas en genuin strävan att visa hur en kunskapshistorisk ingång påverkar utformning, genomförande och resultat. Det ska betyda något annat att bedriva kunskapshistoria än bokhistoria, idéhistoria, mediehistoria, vetenskapshistoria eller utbildningshistoria. Kan vi lyckas med detta realiseras fältets potential. Det finns det alla möjligheter till under 2020-talet.
Comparison of Clinical Use of Ocular-surface Disease Index Questionnaire, Tear Film Break-up time, and Schirmer Tests in Diagnosing Dry-eye
Authors: Suman Suwarna , Goyal Prachi 
Published: December 2019

Aims: To evaluate and compare the diagnostic values and clinical utility of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, the tear film break-up time test (TBUT), and the Schirmer’s test in diagnosing dry eye disease in patients presenting with dry eye symptoms.
Study Design: A prospective observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, AIIMS Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. Two-month period between July 2016 and September 2016.
Methodology: We have included 100 patients aged >20 years having foreign body sensations, burning sensations, pain, dryness, blurred vision, photophobia, redness in the study. Routine ophthalmological examination was performed after OSDI questionnaire, followed by TBUT and Schirmer’s test and outcomes were evaluated.
Results: The mean age of 100 participants was 43 ± 15.97years (range 20–78 years). The mean OSDI, TBUT, and Schirmer’s test scores were 58.67± 12.12 (range 30.0–88.9), 5.77 ± 3.49 seconds (range 0–17 seconds), and 09.78 ± 7.93 mm (range 0–32.5 mm), respectively. There was a statistically highly significant inverse correlation between the OSDI and TBUT (r = −0.597, P = <0.0001), statistically significant correlation between TBUT and Schirmer test (r= -0.227, p= 0.023), whereas no significant correlation noted between the OSDI and Schirmer’s test (r= -0.142, p= 0.158).
Conclusion: The prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) is increasing these days. For early recognition and treatment, we need rapid, reliable and less invasive diagnostic test in daily practice. The OSDI together with the TBUT is less time consuming, easy to perform and can be useful in diagnosis of DED.
Light Detection in Open‐Circuit Voltage Mode of Organic Photodetectors
Authors: Kielar Marcin , Hamid Tasnuva , Wiemer Martin , Windels François , Hirsch Lionel , Sah Pankaj , Pandey Ajay K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOrganic photodetectors (OPDs) are promising candidates for next‐generation light sensors as they combine unique material properties with high‐level performance in converting photons into electrical signals. However, low‐level light detection with OPD is often limited by device dark current. Here, the open‐circuit voltage (Voc
) regime of OPDs is shown to be efficient for detecting low light signals (<100 µW cm−2). It is established that the light‐dependence of Voc exhibits two distinct regimes as function of irradiance: linear and logarithmic. Whereas the observed logarithmic regime is well understood in organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs), it is shown experimentally and theoretically that the linear regime is due to the non‐infinite shunt resistance of the OPD device. Overall, OPDs composed of rubrene and fullerene show photovoltage light sensitivity across nine orders of magnitude with a detection limit as low as 400 pW cm−2. A photovoltage responsivity of 1.75 V m2 W−1 demonstrates highly efficient performance without the necessity to supress high dark current. This approach opens up new possibilities for resolving low light signals and provides simplified design rules for OPDs.
Extending Cycle Life of Mg/S Battery by Activation of Mg Anode/Electrolyte Interface through an LiCl‐Assisted MgCl2 Solubilization Mechanism
Authors: Fan Haiyan , Zheng Zhaozhao , Zhao Lijuan , Li Wanfei , Wang Jian , Dai Mimi , Zhao Yuxing , Xiao Jianhua , Wang Guang , Ding Xiaoyu , Xiao Hai , Li Jun , Wu Yang , Zhang Yuegang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNon‐nucleophilic electrolytes that can reversibly plate/strip Mg are essential for realizing high‐performance rechargeable Mg/S batteries. In contrast to organometallic electrolytes, all‐inorganic electrolytes based on MgCl2‐AlCl3 complexes are more cost‐effective and hold better stability to air and moisture. A recently developed electrolyte that contains tetrahydrofuran solvated divalent Mg cation, [Mg·6THF][AlCl4]2, has exhibited decent compatibility with the sulfur cathode. However, it suffers a large overpotential and short cycle life, which hinders its applications in Mg/S batteries. Here, an efficient plating/stripping of Mg is realized successfully by using LiCl to dissolve MgCl2 from the electrolyte/electrode interface. As a result, the overpotential of Mg plating/stripping is remarkably reduced to 140/140 mV at a current density of 500 µA cm−2. Both experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the LiCl‐assisted solubilization of MgCl2 facilitates the exposure of fresh surface on the Mg anode. Utilizing such an LiCl‐activation strategy, Mg/S full batteries with a significantly extended cycle life of over 500 cycles, as well as coulombic efficiency close to 100%, are achieved successfully. This work demonstrates the role of LiCl‐assisted interface activation on extending the cycle‐life Mg/S batteries with all‐inorganic electrolytes.
Photothermal Janus Anode with Photosynthesis‐Shielding Effect for Activating Low‐Temperature Biological Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Wang Wei , You Shijie , Qi Dianpeng , Liu Zhiyuan , Liu Dongmei , Ma Ming , Cui Fuyi , Ren Nanqi , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBiological wastewater treatment (BWT), which is used to manage global wastewater, suffers from a sharp decrease in microbial activity at low temperature (<10 °C). Photothermal technology with a high energy efficiency theoretically exceeding 80% has the potential to activate low‐temperature BWT. However, photothermal BWT is threatened by the propagation of photosynthetic algae in wastewater under irradiation, and these microorganisms can suppress the functional bacteria or even kill anaerobic species by photosynthetically releasing oxygen. Herein, taking microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as a representative biological reactor, a photothermal Janus anode (PTJA) is designed, composed of a carbon black/polydimethylsiloxane photothermal nonporous layer and a graphite felt porous layer to promote low‐temperature BWT. Unlike traditional symmetrical porous anodes, the nonporous layer of the PTJA can isolate the wastewater in the porous layer from light irradiation during photothermal conversion, thus preventing photosynthetic algae from poisoning anaerobic functional microbes. Under ≈1 sun illumination, the PTJA MFC exhibits 1.6 and 24.2 times higher organic pollutant removal rate and power density generation, respectively, than MFCs using traditional anodes for low‐temperature BWT (7.0 ± 2.0 °C). This development can allow novel utilization of solar energy and is a promising resolution for low‐temperature BWT.
Ultra‐Early Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rats Using Ultrasound Imaging of Hollow Double‐Layer Silica Nanospheres
Authors: Guo Mengzhe , Du Wencheng , Lyu Nan , Chen Xi , Du Yan , Wang Haibo , Yang Dongzhi , Wu Shihua , Liang Jun , Pan Yuanjiang , Tang Daoquan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTimely diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) strongly impacts the survival rate of patients. The authors report the development of a two‐shell hollow silica contrast agent useful for ultrasound (US) imaging, which is able to provide ultra‐early diagnosis of AMI. To target the characterization of fast blood flow and high blood pressure in the heart, two shells of hollow silica are adopted with opposite polarities, which assemble based on amino and perfluorodecyl silanes. The external amino silane facilitates the attachment of disease‐targeted groups, while the internal perfluorodecyl silane provides great US imaging contrast. The material also possesses superior water dispersity, controllable morphology, low toxicity, and biodegradability both in vitro and in vivo, thus promoting its applications in the ultra‐early diagnosis of AMI in rats, and is particularly useful for delineation of myocardial necrosis sites.
On Supramolecular Polymerization: Interview with Takuzo Aida
Authors: Aida Takuzo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProf. Takuzo Aida is one of the most visible materials chemists thanks to his many creative contributions to the broad field of supramolecular chemistry. Over the past two decades he has ingeniously utilized self‐assembly across scales and between various components to access a breathtaking variety of complex materials with fascinating properties. For example, the Aida Lab has pioneered conducting “bucky gel” by dispersing carbon nanotubes in ionic liquids as well as “aqua materials”, in which a tiny amount of additive renders water mechanically robust. From his personal insight he shares in this Interview, we can learn how his research evolved since his undergraduate studies. Moreover, he shares his vision on the importance of supramolecular polymers (Supra‐Plastics) to realize a sustainable society.
A Minimalist Single‐Layer Metasurface for Arbitrary and Full Control of Vector Vortex Beams
Authors: Bao Yanjun , Ni Jincheng , Qiu Cheng‐Wei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVector vortex beams (VVBs) possess ubiquitous applications from particle trapping to quantum information. Recently, the bulky optical devices for generating VVBs have been miniaturized by using metasurfaces. Nevertheless, it is quite challenging for the metasurface‐generated VVBs to possess arbitrary polarization and phase distributions. More critical is that the VVBs' annular intensity profiles demonstrated hitherto are dependent on topological charges and are hence not perfect, posing difficulties in spatially shared co‐propagation of multiple vortex beams. Here, a single‐layer metasurface to address all those aforementioned challenges in one go is proposed, which consists of two identical crystal‐silicon nanoblocks with varying positions and rotation angles (i.e., four geometric parameters throughout). Those four geometric parameters are found to be adequate for independent and arbitrary control of the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light. Perfect VVBs with arbitrary polarization and phase distributions are successfully generated, and the constant intensity profiles independent of their topological charges and polarization orders are demonstrated. The proposed strategy casts a distinct perception that a minimalist design of just one single‐layer metasurface can empower such robust and versatile control of VVBs. That provides promising opportunities for generating more complex vortex field for advanced applications in structural light, optical micromanipulation, and data communication.
Blue Light‐Promoted N−H Insertion of Carbazoles, Pyrazoles and 1,2,3‐Triazoles into Aryldiazoacetates
Authors: Stivanin Mateus L. , Fernandes Alessandra A. G. , da Silva Amanda F. , Okada Celso Y. , Jurberg Igor D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBlue light irradiation of aryldiazoacetates leads to the formation of free carbenes, which can react with carbazoles, pyrazoles and 1,2,3‐triazoles to afford the corresponding N−H inserted products. These reactions are performed under air and at room temperature, allowing the mild preparation of a variety of motifs found in biologically relevant targets.magnified image
Graphene/Au Hybrid Antenna Coil Exfoliated with Multi‐Stacked Graphene Flakes for Ultra‐Thin Biomedical Devices
Authors: Tetsu Yuma , Kido Yusuke , Hao Meiting , Takeoka Shinji , Maruyama Takeshi , Fujie Toshinori 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFlexible electronics with organic substrates have been developed for bio‐conformable devices and soft robotics. Although biodegradable polymers are preferred substrates for biomedical applications, they have poor heat durability, which precludes printing of conductive lines that require annealing at high temperatures (>250 °C). The fabrication of an ultra‐flexible, inkjet‐printed antenna coil with a resistivity of 4.30 × 10−5 Ω‐cm is reported. It involves annealing of a graphene/Au antenna coil printed on a glass substrate and transferring onto a 182‐nm‐thick poly(D, L‐lactic acid) nanosheet by exfoliation of multi‐stacked graphene flakes. Then, a light‐emitting device, powered wirelessly, even in the rounded, twisted, or attached states, is fabricated by mounting a blue LED chip on the nanosheet antenna coil. The self‐deploying device is also stored in a water‐soluble capsule, injected into a silicone bag, released from the dissolved capsule, and operated wirelessly. This work facilitates the hybridization of conductive lines and biodegradable polymers on ultra‐flexible biomaterials for the biomedical application of flexible electronics.