bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) in Acute Symptomatic Seizure (ASyS) Versus Patients With Established Epilepsy
Authors: Newey Christopher R. , Thompson Nicolas R. , George Pravin , Punia Vineet , Hantus Stephen , Lapin Brittany , Gomes Joao , Katzan Irene 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: Acute symptomatic seizures (ASyS) are common in critically ill patients. It is unknown how ASyS affect posthospitalization self-reported health compared to patients with established epilepsy. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study from 2010 to 2018. Patients were identified by an institutional epilepsy database (Ebase). Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were completed as part of standard of care and included the number of seizures in the prior 4 weeks, Liverpool Seizure Severity Scale (LSSS) ictal score, quality of life in epilepsy (QOLIE)-10, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scales, and the PROM Information System Global Health (PROMIS-GH) scale. Mixed-effects models were created to adjust for age, sex, and race and to examine score trajectory over the 1 year after baseline. Results: A total of 15 311 established epilepsy patients and 317 patients with ASyS were identified. When compared to patients with epilepsy, patients with ASyS were older, mostly male, more often black, and had worse baseline scores on the QOLIE-10 ( P < .001), PROMIS-GH Physical Health ( P = .037), and LSSS Ictal ( P = .006) scales. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Mental and Physical Health T-scores were worse than the general population (T-score = 50) for patients with both ASyS (44 and 42.5, respectively) and epilepsy (44.2 and 44.6, respectively). After adjusting for age, sex, and race, patients with ASyS reported 38% fewer seizures ( P = .006) yet worse QOLIE-10 score ( P = .034). We found that scores improved over time for all PROMs except for PROMIS-GH Mental Health. Conclusion: Compared to patients with epilepsy, patients with ASyS had fewer seizures but worse epilepsy-specific quality of life. Independent of group status, scores generally improved over time.
Prognosis of patients receiving induction chemotherapy for locally advanced or lymph node metastatic bladder cancer
Authors: Le Goux Constance , Neuzillet Yann , Rouanne Mathieu , Gachet Julie , Staub Fabrice , Hervé Jean-Marie , Yonneau Laurent , Abdou Ali , Ghoneim Tarek , Théodore Christine , Lebret Thierry 
Published: March 2020

Background: Induction chemotherapy is recommended before surgery for unresectable muscle-invasive bladder cancer, locally advanced or lymph node disseminated disease. These patients’ prognoses cannot be extrapolated from data regarding neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which is performed in operable patients. Objective: We assessed the prognosis of patients undergoing induction chemotherapy for locally advanced or lymph node metastatic bladder cancer. Methods: We analysed patients with cT4NxM0 or cTxN+M0 bladder cancer treated by induction chemotherapy between 2006 and 2016. The tumour extension and node invasion was determined by imaging or histologically after upfront lymph node dissection. Clinical, biological, pathological and patient follow-up data were identified. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were compared by log rank test. Factors associated with the response to induction chemotherapy, operability of patients and survival were determined by multivariable logistic regression. Results: Among 70 patients included in the analysis, 51 (73%) showed response to induction chemotherapy. Progression-free and overall survival were improved in responder patients compared with non-responders ( P<0.0001 and P=0.025, respectively) and for patients who underwent surgery compared with non-operated patients (both P<0.001). On multivariable analysis, poor response was associated with chemotherapy other than methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin ( P=0.016), operability with late response ( P=0.0024) and overall survival with surgery after induction chemotherapy ( P=0.0014). Conclusions: Surgery after induction chemotherapy with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin may improve prognosis with locally advanced or lymph node metastatic bladder cancer. Level of evidence: 4
Urinary retention after total joint arthroplasty of hip and knee: Systematic review
Authors: Cha Yong-Han , Lee Young-Kyun , Won Seok-Hyung , Park Jung Wee , Ha Yong-Chan , Koo Kyung-Hoi 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is a common complication after total joint arthroplasties (TJAs). The POUR is managed with urinary catheterization, which is associated with a risk of urinary tract infection and subsequent periprosthetic joint infection. The purpose of this review was to afford a comprehensive understanding of POUR and its management. Methods: We identified 15 original articles concerning POUR after TJA, which were published from January 2010 to February 2019. The diagnostic method, incidence, risk factors, and management of POUR of the 15 studies were reviewed. Results: The incidence of POUR was ranged from 4.1% to 46.3%. Ultrasound was used for the detection of POUR among the total of the 15 studies. The following factors of old age, male gender, benign prostatic hypertrophy, history of urinary retention, spinal/epidural anesthesia, excessive fluid administration, patient-controlled analgesia, the use of opiates, underlying comorbidities, and poor American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade were risk factors for POUR. Most of the studies did not use indwelling catheterization during surgery. The POUR patients were managed with intermittent catheterization. The most common volume criterion for bladder catheterization was 400 mL. In inevitable use of an indwelling catheter, it should be removed within 48 h. Conclusions: This review provided an up-to-date guide for the detection and management of POUR. Level of Evidence: Level III.
Postoperative radiologic outcome comparison between conventional and computer-assisted navigation total knee arthroplasty in extra-articular tibia vara
Authors: Cho Yongun , Shin Hun-Kyu , Kim Eugene , Park Jai Hyung , Park Se-Jin , Jang Taedong , Jeong Hwa-Jae 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the definite treatment for osteoarthritis. Meanwhile, significant inherent extra-articular varus angulation is associated with abnormal postoperative hip–knee–ankle (HKA) angle. Computer-assisted navigation TKA (CAS-TKA) used in patients who have severe varus deformity. The purpose of this study was to compare postoperative radiologic outcome between CAS-TKA and conventional TKA for extra-articular tibia vara. Methods: A retrospective review of postoperative HKA on standing lower extremity views was conducted in patients who underwent TKA by a single surgeon from 2010 to 2018, including knee with conventional TKA ( n = 83) and CAS-TKA ( n = 246). Extra-articular tibia vara was assessed by measuring the metaphyseal–diaphyseal angle (MDA) of the tibia in preoperative standing lower extremity view. Postoperative alignment was assessed by measuring the HKA in postoperative standing lower extremity view. Results: There was no significant difference in age ( p = 0.063), gender ( p = 0.628), body mass index ( p = 0.426), preoperative range of motion ( p = 0.524), preoperative HKA ( p = 0.306), preoperative MDA ( p = 0.523), or postoperative HKA ( p = 0.416) between the two groups (conventional TKA and CAS-TKA). There was no significant difference in postoperative alignment for cases with MDA ≤4° ( p = 0.351) or MDA >4° ( p = 0.866) in each group. There was a positive correlation between preoperative HKA and postoperative HKA in the CAS-TKA group ( p < 0.001, r = 0.243). However, there was no significant correlation between preoperative HKA and postoperative HKA in the conventional TKA group ( p = 0.732). Conclusions: There was no significant difference in postoperative alignment between conventional TKA and CAS-TKA in extra-articular tibial vara even for cases with MDA >4°.
Human megakaryocytic microparticles induce de novo platelet biogenesis in a wild-type murine model
Authors: Escobar Christian , Kao Chen-Yuan , Das Samik , Papoutsakis Eleftherios T. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Platelet transfusions are used to treat idiopathic or drug-induced thrombocytopenia. Platelets are an expensive product in limited supply, with limited storage and distribution capabilities because they cannot be frozen. We have demonstrated that, in vitro, human megakaryocytic microparticles (huMkMPs) target human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (huHSPCs) and induce their Mk differentiation and platelet biogenesis in the absence of thrombopoietin. In this study, we showed that, in vitro, huMkMPs can also target murine HSPCs (muHSPCs) to induce them to differentiate into megakaryocytes in the absence of thrombopoietin. Based on that, using wild-type BALB/c mice, we demonstrated that intravenously administering 2 × 106 huMkMPs triggered de novo murine platelet biogenesis to increase platelet levels up to 49% 16 hours after administration. huMkMPs also largely rescued low platelet levels in mice with induced thrombocytopenia 16 hours after administration by increasing platelet counts by 51%, compared with platelet counts in thrombocytopenic mice. Normalized on a tissue-mass basis, biodistribution experiments show that MkMPs localized largely to the bone marrow, lungs, and liver 24 hours after huMkMP administration. Beyond the bone marrow, CD41+ (megakaryocytes and Mk-progenitor) cells were frequent in lungs, spleen, and especially, liver. In the liver, infused huMKMPs colocalized with Mk progenitors and muHSPCs, thus suggesting that huMkMPs interact with muHSPCs in vivo to induce platelet biogenesis. Our data demonstrate the potential of huMkMPs, which can be stored frozen, to treat thrombocytopenias and serve as effective carriers for in vivo, target-specific cargo delivery to HSPCs.
Protocol for the EARCO Registry: a pan-European observational study in patients with α1-antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Greulich Timm , Altraja Alan , Barrecheguren Miriam , Bals Robert , Chlumsky Jan , Chorostowska-Wynimko Joanna , Clarenbach Christian , Corda Luciano , Corsico Angelo Guido , Ferrarotti Ilaria , Esquinas Cristina , Gouder Caroline , Hećimović Ana , Ilic Aleksandra , Ivanov Yavor , Janciauskiene Sabina , Janssens Wim , Kohler Malcolm , Krams Alvils , Lara Beatriz , Mahadeva Ravi , McElvaney Gerry , Mornex Jean-François , O'Hara Karen , Parr David , Piitulainen Eava , Schmid-Scherzer Karin , Seersholm Niels , Stockley Robert A. , Stolk Jan , Sucena Maria , Tanash Hanan , Turner Alice , Ulmeanu Ruxandra , Wilkens Marion , Yorgancioğlu Arzu , Zaharie Ana , Miravitlles Marc 
Published: March 2020

Rationale and objectivesAlpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic condition that leads to an increased risk of emphysema and liver disease. Despite extensive investigation, there remain unanswered questions concerning the natural history, pathophysiology, genetics and the prognosis of the lung disease in association with AATD. The European Alpha-1 Clinical Research Collaboration (EARCO) is designed to bring together researchers from European countries and to create a standardised database for the follow-up of patients with AATD.Study design and populationThe EARCO Registry is a non-interventional, multicentre, pan-European, longitudinal observational cohort study enrolling patients with AATD. Data will be collected prospectively without interference/modification of patient's management by the study team. The major inclusion criterion is diagnosed severe AATD, defined by an AAT serum level <11 µM (50 mg·dL−1) and/or a proteinase inhibitor genotype ZZ, SZ or compound heterozygotes or homozygotes of other rare deficient variants. Assessments at baseline and during the yearly follow-up visits include lung function testing (spirometry, body plethysmography and diffusing capacity of the lung), exercise capacity, blood tests and questionnaires (symptoms, quality of life and physical activity). To ensure correct data collection, there will be designated investigator staff to document the data in the case report form. All data will be reviewed by the EARCO database manager.SummaryThe EARCO Registry aims to understand the natural history and prognosis of AATD better with the goal to create and validate prognostic tools to support medical decision-making.
Investigating Size-Dependent Conductive Properties on Individual Si Nanowires
Authors: Hu X. F. , Li S. J. , Wang J. , Jiang Z. M. , Yang X. J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPeriodically ordered arrays of vertically aligned Si nanowires (Si NWs) are successfully fabricated by nanosphere lithography combined with metal-assisted chemical etching. By adjusting the etching time, both the nanowires’ diameter and length can be well controlled. The conductive properties of such Si NWs and particularly their size dependence are investigated by conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM) on individual nanowires. The results indicate that the conductance of Si NWs is greatly relevant to their diameter and length. Si NWs with smaller diameters and shorter lengths exhibit better conductive properties. Together with the I–V curve characterization, a possible mechanism is supposed with the viewpoint of size-dependent Schottky barrier height, which is further verified by the electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) measurements. This study also suggests that CAFM can act as an effective means to explore the size (or other parameters) dependence of conductive properties on individual nanostructures, which should be essential for both fabrication optimization and potential applications of nanostructures.
Nanoscale Effect of Zirconia Filler Surface on Mechanical Tensile Strength of Polymer Composites
Authors: Kan Kai , Moritoh Daiki , Matsumoto Yuri , Masuda Kanami , Ohtani Masataka , Kobiro Kazuya 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA characteristic effect of a nano-concave-convex structure of a zirconia nanoparticle assembly with an inherent porous structure and huge surface area enabled us to introduce systematic surface modification by thermal treatment to smooth surface and polymer impregnation to mask the nano-concave-convex structure of the zirconia nanoparticle assembly. A polymer composite prepared from 30 wt% poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) containing 0.02 wt% zirconia nanoparticle assembly with the inherent nano-concave-convex surface structure showed the highest tensile strength in mechanical tensile testing. However, both sintered zirconia nanoparticle assembly with smooth surface and zirconia nanoparticle assemblies with polymer masked surface showed lower strength with longer elongation at break in mechanical tensile testing.
Testicular volume: correlation of ultrasonography, orchidometer and caliper measurements in children
Authors: Anyanwu Lofty-John C. , Sowande Oludayo A. , Asaleye Christianah M. , Saleh Mohammed K. , Mohammad Aminu M. , Onuwaje Mayomi , Olajide Timothy A. , Talabi Ademola O. , Elusiyan Jerome B. E. , Adejuyigbe Olusanya 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Testicular size assessment is an important and initial technique for the evaluation of gonadal function. Our study aims to determine the correlation between paediatric testicular volumes measured with the orchidometer, high-resolution ultrasonography (US) and intra-operative measurements using calipers.

Results
This is a prospective observational study of 127 boys presenting to our institution with non-emergent scrotal conditions between January 2007 and October 2008. Volume estimates of both testes were measured using the Prader orchidometer. The patient was then sent to a radiologist who measured the testicular volumes using US, being blinded to the orchidometer estimates. At surgery, the testicular dimensions on the side of the pathology were obtained with a vernier caliper. The testicular volumes by US and caliper were calculated using the formula 0.71 × Length × Width × Height. The relationship between the measured volumes was determined using Pearson’s correlation statistic and Student’s t test. The level of significance for all analysis was set at p < 0.05. Their ages ranged from 18 days to 13 years (median 3 years). There was significant correlation between testicular volumes (for both sides, i.e. right and left) measured with the orchidometer and US (r = 0.544; 0.537, p < 0.001), significant correlation between testicular volumes measured with the orchidometer and caliper (r = 0.537; 0.638, p < 0.001) and also significant correlation between volumes measured by US and caliper (r = 0.382; 0.829, p < 0.01).

Conclusion
Prader orchidometer testicular volume estimates correlate significantly with US estimates in children. In resource-constrained settings, it could be used for an accurate and quick testicular volume assessment.
Fatty acid biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1) in buffalo milk
Authors: Li Zhipeng , Lu Suyu , Cui Kuiqing , Shafique Laiba , Rehman Saif ur , Luo Chan , Wang Zhiqiang , Ruan Jue , Qian Qian , Liu Qingyou 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Buffalo milk is considered as a highly nutritious food owing to its higher contents of fatty acids (FA) and rich nutrient profile. Higher fat contents of buffalo milk make it suitable for processing to develop various healthy and nutritious products. Moreover, buffalo milk contains more unsaturated FAs (UFA) such as oleic and linolenic acid, which are important from the human health point of view owing to their desirable physiological effects. However, inadequate information is available about the chemical composition and mechanism of FA synthesis in buffalo milk. In this study, we hypothesized that expression of SCD1 gene could alter the biosynthesis of FA in epithelial cells of mammary gland and subsequently affect the FA contents in buffalo milk. We investigated the transcriptional and biological role of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1) in the buffalo mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) during FA and triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis.

Results
Results revealed that unsaturated fatty acid contents were much higher in concentration in buffalo milk as compared to Holstein cow. Significant increase in the expression level of FAS, ACACA, SREBP1, PPARG, GPAT, and AGPAT genes was observed in response to altered expression of SCD1 in buffalo milk. Moreover, change in SCD1 gene in BMECs also mediated the expression of genes related to FA biosynthesis subsequently leading to alter the FA composition. Overexpression of SCD1 significantly increased the expression of genes associated with FA and TAG synthesis leading to enhance FA and unsaturated FA contents in BMECs. However, down-regulation of SCD1 exhibited opposite consequences.

Conclusion
Our study provides mechanistic insights on transcriptional regulation of SCD1 to alter FA and TAG synthesis through directly or indirectly mediating biosynthesis and metabolic pathways in BMECs. We provide preliminary findings regarding engineering of FA contents in buffalo milk through SCD1 signaling.
Genetic diversity among cultivated beets (Beta vulgaris) assessed via population-based whole genome sequences
Authors: Galewski Paul , McGrath J. Mitchell 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Diversification on the basis of utilization is a hallmark of Beta vulgaris (beet), as well as other crop species. Often, crop improvement and management activities are segregated by crop type, thus preserving unique genome diversity and organization. Full interfertility is typically retained in crosses between these groups and more traits may be accessible if the genetic basis of crop type lineage were known, along with available genetic markers to effect efficient transfer (e.g., via backcrossing). Beta vulgaris L. (2n =18) is a species complex composed of diverged lineages (e.g., crop types), including the familiar table, leaf (chard), fodder, and sugar beet crop types. Using population genetic and statistical methods with whole genome sequence data from pooled samples of 23 beet cultivars and breeding lines, relationships were determined between accessions based on identity-by-state metrics and shared genetic variation among lineages.

Results
Distribution of genetic variation within and between crop types showed extensive shared (e.g. non-unique) genetic variation. Lineage specific variation (e.g. apomorphy) within crop types supported a shared demographic history within each crop type, while principal components analysis revealed strong crop type differentiation. Relative contributions of specific chromosomes to genome wide differentiation were ascertained, with each chromosome revealing a different pattern of differentiation with respect to crop type. Inferred population size history for each crop type helped integrate selection history for each lineage, and highlighted potential genetic bottlenecks in the development of cultivated beet lineages.

Conclusions
A complex evolutionary history of cultigroups in Beta vulgaris was demonstrated, involving lineage divergence as a result of selection and reproductive isolation. Clear delineation of crop types was obfuscated by historical gene flow and common ancestry (e.g. admixture and introgression, and sorting of ancestral polymorphism) which served to share genome variation between crop types and, likely, important phenotypic characters. Table beet was well differentiated as a crop type, and shared more genetic variation within than among crop types. The sugar beet group was not quite as well differentiated as the table beet group. Fodder and chard groups were intermediate between table and sugar groups, perhaps the result of less intensive selection for end use.