bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal effects in gene expression of interspecific coral hybrids
Authors: Chan Wing Yan , Chung Jessica , Peplow Lesa M. , Hoffmann Ary A. , van Oppen Madeleine J. H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMaternal effects have been well documented for offspring morphology and life history traits in plants and terrestrial animals, yet little is known about maternal effects in corals. Further, few studies have explored maternal effects in gene expression. In a previous study, F1 interspecific hybrid and purebred larvae of the coral species Acropora tenuis and Acropora loripes were settled and exposed to ambient or elevated temperature and pCO2 conditions for 7 months. At this stage, the hybrid coral recruits from both ocean conditions exhibited strong maternal effects in several fitness traits. We conducted RNA‐sequencing on these corals and showed that gene expression of the hybrid Acropora also exhibited clear maternal effects. Only 40 genes were differentially expressed between hybrids and their maternal progenitor. In contrast, ~2000 differentially expressed genes were observed between hybrids and their paternal progenitors, and between the reciprocal F1 hybrids. These results indicate that maternal effects in coral gene expression can be long‐lasting. Unlike findings from most short‐term stress experiments in corals, no genes were differentially expressed in the hybrid nor purebred offspring after seven months of exposure to elevated temperature and pCO2 conditions.
Late intervention in the remnant kidney model attenuates proteinuria but not glomerular filtration rate decline
Authors: Veitch Matthew R. , Thai Kerri , Zhang Yanling , Desjardins Jean‐Francois , Kabir Golam , Connelly Kim A. , Gilbert Richard E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe use of animal models to predict the response to new therapies in humans is a vexing issue in nephrology. Unlike patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), few rodent models develop a progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) so that experimental studies frequently report a reduction in proteinuria as the primary efficacy outcome. Moreover, while humans present with established kidney disease that continues to progress, many experimental studies investigate therapies in the prevention rather than in a therapeutic setting.MethodsWe used the remnant kidney (subtotal nephrectomy [SNX]) rat model that develops a decline in GFR in conjunction with heavy proteinuria and hypertension along with the histological hallmarks of CKD in humans, glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Using agents that had been shown to improve GFR as well as proteinuria in the prevention setting, angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition with enalapril and SIRT1 activation with SRT3025, treatment was initiated 6 weeks after SNX.ResultsWhile enalapril reduced blood pressure, proteinuria and histological injury, it did not improve GFR, as measured by inulin clearance. SRT3025 improved neither GFR nor structural damage despite a reduction in proteinuria.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that neither a reduction in proteinuria nor a reversal of structural damage in the kidney will necessarily translate to a restoration of kidney function.
The place of the unconscious in critiques of systematic prejudice: Lessons from MacKinnon and Critical Race Theory
Authors: Bird‐Pollan Stefan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that so called “systematic critiques” of the liberal conception of law in Catherine MacKinnon and Critical Race Theory which have traditionally been seen to reject liberalism should really be understood as subjecting the liberal conception of law as impartial and just to an immanent critique. Critical Race Theory and MacKinnon both seek to unmask the seemingly neutral subject which authorizes law as in reality a hegemonic and oppressive subject. They also employ the tools of liberalism, demanding justice and equal protection under the law. I argue that the apparent contradiction of their demands can be understood by seeing the subject itself as combining these contradictions at the level of the relation between the unconscious and consciousness. The ego strives for rational self‐organization while the unconscious contains sedimented socially transmitted prejudice. There is thus room within both for the struggle for freedom and justice espoused by liberalism at the conscious level as well as for the unconscious perpetuation of prejudice and domination. I conclude that MacKinnon’s work and that of CRT show that liberalism must not be abandoned as post‐structuralism does, but that liberals is in fact aided by its critics.
Arguing with Each Other about Arguing with God The Mystery of Suffering and the Meaning of God, Anson HughLaytner, Resource Publications, Eugene, 2019 (ISBN 9781532675546), xvii + 176 pp., pb $25
Authors: Blumenthal David R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe question of suffering and God is as old as humanity. Anson Laytner offers a very modern reading of this problem based on a learned knowledge of the Jewish sources and his own very personal experiences of death and of God. The whole is set in the context of the Book of Iyyov (Job). Rejecting the supernatural understanding of God, Laytner proposes an acceptance of God as a presence and force for good, together with a healthy spirituality based on our newer understanding of our place in the universe, on modern cosmology, on the apparent laws of nature, and on mutual respect for our various faith traditions. The reviewer disagrees and affirms the personalist theological language of the biblical and Jewish traditional sources. In addition, he affirms the ability, indeed the obligation, of the believer to adopt a theology and, indeed, a liturgy of protest. To keep such a theology and praxis from overwhelming those who took them seriously, he suggests that protest theology and protest liturgy have to alternate with healing theology and healing practice. In this essay, Laytner responds to the critique.
Business, Economics, and Theology: Working for the Holistic Flourishing of CreationBudgeting for A Healthy Church: Aligning Finances with Biblical Priorities for Ministry, Jamie Dunlop, Zondervan, 2019 (ISBN 978‐0‐310‐09386‐2), 176 pp., pb $14.99The Economics of Neighborly Love: Investing in Your Community's Compassion and Capacity, TomNelson, IVP, 2017 (ISBN 978‐0‐8308‐4392‐3), x + 222 pp., pb $16A Catholic Spirituality for Business: The Logic of Gift, MartinSchlag and DomènecMelé (eds), The Catholic University of America Press, 2019 (ISBN 978‐0‐8132‐3169‐3), xviii + 262 pp., pb $34.95
Authors: Ann Puen Stephanie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHow does one practice the Christian faith commitment through financial management or business? The three books in this review respond to this question from three perspectives: from a macroeconomic perspective, the perspective of pastoral ministry within a Christian church, and the perspective of working within more pluralistic and non‐sectarian organizations. This piece focuses on three key takeaways from the books: first, all three argue for a proper use of resources in a way that cares for the well‐being of creation, especially the most marginalized, while also giving concrete principles to reflect on and apply depending on the context one finds themselves in. Second, all three also discuss the importance of both individual effort and structural change. Lastly, all three books offer some insight into handling conflict in decision making in organizations.
A Double Machine Learning Approach to Estimate the Effects of Musical Practice on Student’s Skills
Authors: Knaus Michael C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the dose–response effects of making music on youth development. Identification is based on the conditional independence assumption and estimation is implemented using a recent double machine learning estimator. The study proposes solutions to two highly practically relevant questions that arise for these new methods: (i) How to investigate sensitivity of estimates to tuning parameter choices in the machine learning part? (ii) How to assess covariate balancing in high-dimensional settings? The results show that improvements in objectively measured cognitive skills require at least medium intensity, while improvements in school grades are already observed for low intensity of practice.
Evaluating Art Morally
Authors: Schellekens Elisabeth 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhat is the value of art? Standard responses draw on the different kinds of value that we tend to ascribe to individual artworks. In that context, none have been more significant than aesthetic value and moral value. To understand what makes an artwork valuable we then need to examine the interaction between these two kinds of value and how this contributes (or not) to the artwork's final value. The main aim of this article is to highlight two areas of concern for interaction theories, in order to improve our understanding of the dynamic relations between kinds of value in art. In the first instance, I shall outline the main tenets of the three leading interaction theories. Next, I shall discuss what it might mean to say that an artwork has moral value, in an attempt to establish on what grounds interaction theories base their central claims. Subsequently, I will look at how our conception of art's moral value affects the possibility of a bona fide form of value interaction, or one capable of shaping a work's final value in conjunction with its aesthetic value. Finally, I shall turn to a discussion of the notion of aesthetic value.
Validated MAGIC and GWAS population mapping reveals the link between vitamin E content and natural variation in chorismate metabolism in tomato
Authors: Burgos Estanislao , Belen De Luca Maria , Diouf Isidore , de Haro Luis A. , Albert Elise , Sauvage Christopher , Tao Zhao J. , Bermudez Luisa , Asís Ramon , Nesi Adriano N. , Matringe Michel , Bréhélin Claire , Guiraud Thomas , Ferrand Carine , Atienza Isabelle , Jorly Joana , Mauxion Jean P. , Baldet Pierre , Fernie Alisdair R. , Quadrana Leandro , Rothan Christophe , Causse Mathilde , Carrari Fernando 
Published: November 2020

SummaryTocochromanols constitute the different forms of vitamin E (VTE), essential components of the human diet, and display a high membrane protectant activity. By combining interval mapping and genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), we unveiled the genetic determinants of tocochromanol accumulation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits. To enhance the nutritional value of this highly consumed vegetable, we dissected the natural intraspecific variability of tocochromanols in tomato fruits and genetically engineered their biosynthetic pathway. These analyses allowed the identification of a total of 25 quantitative trait loci interspersed across the genome pinpointing the chorismate–tyrosine pathway as a regulatory hub controlling the supply of the aromatic head group for tocochromanol biosynthesis. To validate the link between the chorismate–tyrosine pathway and VTE, we engineered tomato plants to bypass the pathway at the arogenate branch point. Transgenic tomatoes showed moderate increments in tocopherols (up to approximately 20%) and a massive accumulation of tocotrienols (up to approximately 3400%). Gene expression analyses of these plants reveal a trade‐off between VTE and natural variation in chorismate metabolism explained by transcriptional reprogramming of specific structural genes of the pathway. By restoring the accumulation of alpha‐tocotrienols (α‐t3) in fruits, the plants produced here are of high pharmacological and nutritional interest.
Prevalence and predictors of poor sexual well-being over 5 years following treatment for colorectal cancer: results from the ColoREctal Wellbeing (CREW) prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Frankland Jane , Wheelwright Sally , Permyakova Natalia V , Wright David , Collaço Nicole , Calman Lynn , Winter Jane , Fenlon Deborah , Richardson Alison , Smith Peter W , Foster Claire 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo describe prevalence and predictors of poor sexual well-being for men and women over 5 years following treatment for colorectal cancer.DesignProspective longitudinal study, from presurgery to 5 years postsurgery, with eight assessment points. Logistic regression models predicted sexual well-being from presurgery to 24 months and 24 months to 60 months; time-adjusted then fully adjusted models were constructed at each stage.SettingTwenty-nine hospitals in the UK.ParticipantsPatients with Dukes’ stage A–C, treated with curative intent, aged ≥18 years and able to complete questionnaires were eligible.Outcome measuresThe dependent variable was the Quality of Life in Adult Cancer Survivors sexual function score. Independent variables included sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics.ResultsSeven hundred and ninety participants provided a sexual well-being score for at least one time point. Thirty-seven per cent of men and 14% of women reported poor sexual well-being at 5 years. Baseline predictors for men at 24 months included having a stoma (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.20) and high levels of depression (OR 2.69/2.01, 95% CI 1.68 to 4.32/1.12 to 3.61); men with high self-efficacy (OR confident 0.33/0.48, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.61/0.24 to 1.00; very confident 0.25/0.42, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.49/0.19 to 0.94) and social support (OR 0.52/0.56, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.81/0.35 to 0.91) were less likely to report poor sexual well-being. Predictors at 60 months included having a stoma (OR 2.30/2.67, 95% CI 1.22 to 4.34/1.11 to 6.40) and high levels of depression (OR 5.61/2.58, 95% CI 2.58 to 12.21/0.81 to 8.25); men with high self-efficacy (very confident 0.14, 95% CI 0.047 to 0.44), full social support (OR 0.26; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.53) and higher quality of life (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.98) were less likely to report poor sexual well-being. It was not possible to construct models for women due to low numbers reporting poor sexual well-being.ConclusionsSeveral psychosocial variables were identified as predictors of poor sexual well-being among men. Interventions targeting low self-efficacy may be helpful. More research is needed to understand women’s sexual well-being.
Factors associated with the awareness of vaginal fistula among women of reproductive age: findings from the 2018 Nigerian demographic health cross-sectional survey
Authors: Morhason-Bello Imran O , Kareem Yusuf Olushola , Abdus-Salam Rukiyat A , Bello Oluwasomidoyin O , Lawal Olatunji O , Akinlusi Fatimat Motunrayo , Abegunde Linda O , Ojengbede Oladosu 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionInvoluntary leakage of urine and or stool per vaginam (vaginal fistula) after childbirth remains a public health challenge in Africa and South East Asia. To the best of our knowledge, there is no previous national data that examined the awareness of vaginal fistula among women in Nigeria.AimTo determine the prevalence of awareness of urinary/faecal incontinence due to vaginal fistula, and the associated risk factors among women with no previous experience of incontinence.MethodsWe used a cross-sectional study, the 2018 Nigerian Demographic Health Survey, to analyse awareness of vaginal fistula among women with no previous leakage of urine or stool. The primary outcome was childbirth experience, and other variables were demographics, access to information and reproductive or sexual history. The descriptive, univariate and multivariable models were presented.ResultsOf 26 585 women interviewed, 50 (0.2%) who had experienced fistula were excluded from the risk factor analysis. The mean age of women with childbirth experience was 32.8±8.6 years, while that of women without childbirth experience was 20.3±6.2 years. The prevalence of vaginal fistula awareness was 52.0%. Factors associated with the awareness include the following: childbirth experience (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.14; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.30); age of 20–24 years (AOR=1.36; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.56) and older; currently working (AOR=1.35; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.49) and ownership of a mobile phone (AOR=1.16; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.27). Other associated factors include the following: having at least secondary education; wealth quintiles, ethnicity, regional location, religion, access to radio, newspaper and internet; age up to 17 years at first sex; history of previous termination of pregnancy and use of contraception.ConclusionA significant number of young women with no childbirth experience had low level of awareness. We recommend vaginal fistula awareness programmes that will target women at risk of vaginal fistula and the inclusion of other useful questions to improve the quality of information in future surveys.
Patients’ accounts of living with and managing inflammatory bowel disease in rural Southern New Zealand: a qualitative study
Authors: Richard Lauralie , Noller Geoff , Derrett Sarah , Sullivan Trudy , Doolan-Noble Fiona , McCombie Andrew , Schultz Michael , Ho Christine , Stokes Tim 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo explore how adults living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in rural New Zealand manage their condition and engage with healthcare providers.DesignQualitative exploratory design with semi-structured interviews analysed thematically.Setting and participantsInterviews were conducted with 18 people living with IBD in the Otago region of the South Island.ResultsFive important constructs were identified: (1) journey to confirming and accepting diagnosis; (2) importance of the relationship with the healthcare team; (3) support from others; (4) learning how to manage IBD and (5) care at a distance—experiences of rurality. Pathways to confirming diagnosis involved two contrasting journeys: a long and slow process where diagnosis remained unclear for a prolonged period, and a more acute process where diagnosis typically came as a shock. Central to the acceptance process was acknowledging the chronicity of the condition, which involved feelings of grief but also the fear of judgement and stigma. Building a strong relationship with the specialist was central to medical management, particularly in the initial stage following diagnosis. Support from others was critical, enabling participants to progress through acceptance of the disease and developing confidence in its everyday management. Participants shared different strategies on how to manage IBD, describing a ‘trial and error’ process of ‘finding what is right’ at different stages of the condition. Managing IBD rurally involved challenges of access to specialist care, with perceptions of delayed referrals and concerns about disparities in specialist access compared with urban counterparts. Rural living also had financial implications—cost of time and cost of mobilising resources for long travels to the urban centre for treatments.ConclusionsFindings from this study provide a rich understanding of the complex health journeys of people living with IBD and the challenges of managing the condition rurally.
Promoting leadership and quality improvement through external inspections of management of sepsis in Norwegian hospitals: a focus group study
Authors: Husabø Gunnar , Teig Inger Lise , Frich Jan C , Bondevik Gunnar Tschudi , Hovlid Einar 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveInspections and other forms of external assessment may contribute to positive changes in the health services, but the mechanisms of such change remain unclear. We did a study to explore how external inspections may foster clinical improvement in hospitals.DesignFocus group study.SettingStatutory inspections of sepsis treatment in hospital emergency departments in Norway.ParticipantsClinicians, managers and inspection teams involved with the inspections of sepsis treatment in emergency departments at four different hospitals. Twelve focus group interviews were carried out, with a total of 47 participants.ResultsThree themes emerged as central for understanding how the inspections could contribute to clinical improvement in the emergency departments: (1) increasing awareness about the need to improve the quality of care by providing data on clinical performance, (2) building acceptance for improvement through professional credibility and focus on clinical practice, and (3) fostering leadership commitment.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the inspections have the potential to enhance hospital management and staff’s understanding of complicated care processes and help strengthen the organisational commitment to bring about systemic quality improvements.
Parenting a child with congenital cytomegalovirus infection: a qualitative study
Authors: Vandrevala Tushna , Barber Victoria , Mbire-Chigumba Evas , Calvert Anna , Star Caroline , Khalil Asma , Griffiths Paul , Book Alexander S , Book Gayle M , Heath Paul , Jones Christine E 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundCongenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common infectious cause of congenital disability, which can cause lifelong impairments including sensorineural hearing loss and developmental delay. This study aimed to explore the experiences of parenting a child with congenital CMV and the impact this has on families.MethodsTen parents living with a child with congenital CMV in the UK participated in semistructured interviews and data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe findings illustrate that delays in making the diagnosis of congenital CMV are associated with parental distress and lack of knowledge about CMV among medical professionals can exacerbate this distress. Parents expressed frustration about not knowing about CMV infection during their pregnancies and therefore not having the opportunity to take measures to reduce their risk of acquiring CMV while pregnant. The uncertainty about the long-term outcomes of children with congenital CMV adds additional emotional burden for parents. Family and wider societal networks have the potential to facilitate coping and alleviate stress, but the lack of awareness of CMV acts as a barrier to receiving support from family and friends.ConclusionsThere is a need to increase awareness of CMV among medical professionals, pregnant women and wider society to improve the diagnostic process and to provide better support for families caring for children with congenital CMV infection.
Real-world evaluation of perception, convenience and anticoagulant treatment satisfaction of patients with atrial fibrillation switched from long-term vitamin K antagonist treatment to dabigatran
Authors: Choi Eue-Keun , Lee Young-Soo , Chern Alan Koay Choon , Jiampo Panyapat , Chutinet Aurauma , Hanafy Dicky Armein , Trivedi Prabhav , Zhai Dongmei , Oh Yong Seog 
Published: November 2020

Background and purposeReal-world data about treatment convenience and satisfaction in Asian non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients after switching from vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) to non-VKA oral anticoagulants were evaluated.MethodsIn this non-interventional study involving 49 sites across five countries in Southeast Asia and South Korea, 379 stable NVAF patients who switched from VKA therapy to dabigatran during routine clinical practice were recruited and followed up for 6 months. Treatment convenience and satisfaction were evaluated using Perception on Anticoagulant Treatment Questionnaire-2 (PACT-Q2). Through post hoc analysis, factors associated with improved treatment convenience scores at visit 2 were described.ResultsTreatment convenience and satisfaction significantly improved after switching from VKAs to dabigatran at visit 2 and visit 3 (convenience: p<0.001 each vs baseline; satisfaction: p=0.0174 (visit 2), p=0.0004 (visit 3) compared with baseline). Factors predictive of higher (>80th percentile) response on treatment convenience were female sex, younger age (<75 years), higher baseline stroke risk, higher creatinine clearance and absence of concomitant hypertension, stroke or gastrointestinal diseases.ConclusionDabigatran was associated with a significant improvement in treatment convenience and satisfaction after switching from VKAs when used for stroke prevention in NVAF patients from Southeast Asia and South Korea.