bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stürmische Zeiten für die Klimaforschung
Authors: Hohenegger Cathy , Klocke Daniel 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungMit dem Fortschritt der Computerleistung rückt der Traum näher, globale numerische Klimasimulationen über 30 Jahre mit einem Modellgitterabstand von 5 km durchzuführen. Solche sturmauflösenden Simulationen erlauben eine bessere Darstellung der Erdoberfläche als konventionelle globale Klimamodelle, wie im IPCC‐Bericht benutzt, die mit einem typischen Gitterabstand von 150 km arbeiten. Sie ermöglichen eine explizite Darstellung der Konvektion, die sich auf feinen Skalen abspielt und durch das Gitterraster konventioneller Klimamodelle fällt. Studien für kleinere Gebiete oder kürzere Zeitperioden haben gezeigt, dass sturmauflösende Klimamodelle den Tagesgang von konvektivem Niederschlag und die Häufigkeitsverteilung von stündlichen Niederschlagswerten besser widerspiegeln als konventionelle Klimamodelle. Es gibt auch Anzeichen, dass die Wechselwirkungen im Klimasystem, etwa zwischen Land und Atmosphäre, in den neuen Modellen anders funktionieren. Zudem deutet sich an, dass feinskalige Aspekte die großräumige Zirkulation der Atmosphäre verändern können. Damit könnten sturmauflösende Klimasimulationen für große Gebiete und lange Zeitperioden Überraschungen bringen.
Das Leuchten des Urknalls
Authors: Schwinn Johannes , Bartelmann Matthias 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungWird der kosmische Mikrowellenhintergrund CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background) von vielen Vordergründen befreit, offenbart er Temperaturschwankungen von einigen zehn Mikrokelvin, die den Zustand des Universums 400 000 Jahre nach dem Urknall widerspiegeln. Die statistische Analyse dieser Schwankungen zeigt charakteristische Strukturen, aus denen sechs kosmologische Parameter direkt bestimmt werden können. Durch die Kombination des CMB mit anderen kosmologischen Beobachtungen können weitere Parameter indirekt abgeleitet werden. Dadurch wurde das kosmologische Standardmodell beeindruckend bestätigt, aber es bleiben auch bis heute ungeklärte Widersprüche bestehen.
Combined Targeted Proteomics and Oxylipin Metabolomics for Monitoring of the COX‐2 Pathway
Authors: Hartung Nicole M. , Ostermann Annika I. , Immenschuh Stephan , Schebb Nils Helge 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe important role of inducible cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in several diseases necessitates analytical tools enabling thorough understanding of its modulation. Analysis of a comprehensive oxylipin pattern provides detailed information about changes in enzyme activities. In order to simultaneously monitor gene expression levels, a targeted proteomics method for human COX‐2 is developed. With limits of detection and quantification down to 0.25 and 0.5 fmol (on column) the method enables sensitive quantitative analysis via LC‐MS/MS within a linear range up to 2.5 pmol. Three housekeeping proteins are included in the method for data normalization. A tiered approach for method development comprised of in silico and experimental steps is described for choosing unique peptides and selective and sensitive SRM transitions while avoiding isobaric interferences. This method combined with a well‐established targeted oxylipin metabolomics method allows to investigate the role of COX‐2 in the human colon carcinoma cell lines HCT‐116, HT‐29, and HCA‐7. Moreover, the developed methodology is used to demonstrate the time‐dependent prostanoid formation and COX‐2 enzyme synthesis in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated human primary macrophages. The described approach is a helpful tool which will be further used as standard operation procedure, ultimately aiming at comprehensive targeted proteomics/oxylipin metabolomics strategies to examine the entire arachidonic acid cascade.
Molecular Remodeling in Populus PdKOR RNAi Roots Profiled Using LC‐MS/MS Proteomics
Authors: Abraham Paul E. , Matthiadis Anna , Hettich Robert L. , Kalluri Udaya C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPlant endo‐β‐1,4‐glucanases belonging to the Glycoside Hydrolase Family 9 have functional roles in cell wall biosynthesis and remodeling via endohydrolysis of (1→4)‐β‐d‐glucosidic linkages. Modification of cell wall chemistry via RNA interference (RNAi)‐mediated downregulation of Populus deltoides KORRIGAN (PdKOR), an endo‐β‐1,4‐glucanase familygene was shown to have functional consequences on the composition of secondary metabolome and the ability of modified roots to interact with beneficial microbes. The molecular remodeling that underlies the observed differences at metabolic, physiological, and morphological levels in roots is not well understood. Here a liquid chromatography (LC)‐tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)‐based proteome profiling approach is used to survey the molecular remodeling in root tissues of PdKOR and control plants. A total of 14316 peptides are identified and these mapped to 7139 P. deltoides proteins. Based on 90% sequence identity, the measured protein accessions represent 1187 functional protein groups. Analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) categories and specific individual proteins show differential expression of proteins relevant to plant‐microbe interactions, cell wall chemistry, and metabolism. The new proteome dataset serves as a useful resource for deriving new hypotheses and empirical testing pertaining to functional roles of proteins and pathways in differential priming of plant roots to interactions with microbes.
Theoretical insights into sensing performances of rhodamine‐contained two‐photon fluorescent probes for mercury ion
Authors: Leng Jiancai , Xin Juntao , Zhou Hong , Li Kan , Hu Wei , Zhang Yujin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractActing as a caustic element with high cellular toxicity, mercury may cause serious damage to the neurological and endocrine systems of the living body. Hence, the rapid detection of mercury ions is of significant importance. In this work, photoabsorption and photoemission properties of a series of newly synthesized mercury ion chemosensors based on rhodamine is investigated using the time‐dependent density functional theory. It shows that the fluorescent peaks of the probes are greatly redshifted from about 450 nm to about 530 nm with 5 to 12 times the fluorescence enhancement after reacting with mercury ions. Special attention has been paid to understanding the response mechanism of the probes, and the recognition of mercury ions controlled by the fluorescence resonance energy transfer process is verified theoretically. More importantly, the quadratic response theory has been used to calculate two‐photon absorption properties of these novel chemosensors. With the presence of mercury ion, a two‐photon absorption cross section for the studied probes increases from 35, 19, and 20 GM (1GM=10‐50cm4s/photon) to 155, 147, and 63 GM, respectively, indicating the feasibility of the probes to be used in two‐photon fluorescent microscopy imaging. The investigations demonstrate the donor effect on sensing performance of the sensors, which helps people to understand the structure‐property relationships and further design more effective two‐photon fluorescent probes for mercury ions.
Parallel Ghost Imaging
Authors: Qiu Xiaodong , Zhang Dongkai , Ma Tianlong , Lin Fei , Guo Haoxu , Zhang Wuhong , Chen Lixiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractQuantum‐correlation‐based ghost imaging, also termed quantum ghost imaging, has found applications as diverse as the fundamental tests of quantum mechanics and low‐light‐level imaging. In any previous schemes, however, only biphoton spatial entanglement is utilized, whereas other degrees of freedom of the photons have not yet been explored. Here we break this barrier to present a multichannel parallel ghost imaging system, by exploiting hyperentanglement where photon pairs are simultaneously entangled in polarization, color, and spatial mode. In the experiment, polarization and color entanglements provide 2× 2 independent channels via simultaneous polarization and color multiplexing, while an optical isolator with a delay line is constructed to ensure that spatial entanglement conveys the ghost image in parallel. The method can offer a pathway for high‐capacity quantum image processing and transmission in future quantum network.
Drug‐induced interstitial lung disease associated with dasatinib coinciding with active tuberculosis
Authors: Tani Nozomi , Kunimatsu Yusuke , Sato Izumi , Ogura Yuri , Hirose Kazuki , Takeda Takayuki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA 69‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with a breakpoint cluster region‐Abelson‐positive chronic myeloid leukaemia and treated with dasatinib for 14 months. She presented with one month of high‐grade fever and persistent dry cough. Chest computed tomography revealed non‐segmental subpleural consolidation, ground‐glass opacities, and interlobular septal thickening. The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and transbronchial lung biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of drug‐induced interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with dasatinib. Then, systemic corticosteroid treatment was initiated, which was effective and the interstitial shadow disappeared after two weeks. The acid‐fast bacilli culture test of BAL fluid after three weeks was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and combination therapy with four antituberculosis drugs was added. It is known that drug‐induced ILD and susceptibility to infection associated with dasatinib occur in a dose‐dependent manner. This is the first case of dasatinib‐induced ILD which coincided with active tuberculosis.
Fault estimation and tolerant control for discrete‐time nonlinear stochastic multiple‐delayed systems with intermittent sensor and actuator faults
Authors: Sun Shaoxin , Dai Jing , Cai Yuliang , Zhang Huaguang 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis article is concerned with the design of the observer and controller to perform fault estimation (FE) and fault tolerant control for the discrete‐time nonlinear stochastic systems with multiple time‐varying state delays and intermittent sensor and actuator faults. In comparison with the present research, the method addressed in this article is more flexible and feasible. A novel adaptive descriptor observer is developed to obtain the error dynamics and then realize n‐step FE. Then, an active observer‐based controller is constructed to stabilize the closed‐loop system. Moreover, an augmented closed‐loop system is acquired and a series of delay‐dependent sufficient conditions are collected by the delay‐dependent Lyapunov function utilizing linear matrix inequalities. The method is less conservative compared with the ones of the existence. At last, a simulation example is presented to demonstrate the advantages and effectiveness of the approach proposed in the article.
Quantized output regulation of minimum‐phase linear uncertain systems
Authors: Lu Maobin , Liu Lu 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis article investigates the robust output regulation problem of a class of minimum‐phase linear uncertain systems subject to limited measurement information. A novel dynamic quantized output feedback control law together with a hybrid quantized feedback control policy is developed. By means of Lyapunov analysis, it is shown that the tracking error tends to zero asymptotically in spite of system uncertainties, disturbances, and limited measurement information. In addition, a special case of the main result leads to the solution of the robust stabilization problem of minimum‐phase linear systems subject to system uncertainties, disturbances, and the quantized output.
Robust switching control design for uncertain discrete‐time switched affine systems
Authors: Albea Sanchez Carolina , Ventosa‐Cutillas Antonio , Seuret Alexandre , Gordillo Francisco 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis article focuses on the design of a robust switching control law for uncertain switched affine systems in the discrete‐time domain. More precisely, a novel control law is introduced whose parameters result from an optimization problem, aiming at reducing the volume of the attractive and invariant set, where the solutions to the closed‐loop system converge to. The design is based on a quadratic Lyapunov function and guarantees global practical stabilization, that is, global stabilization in a neighborhood of a desired operating point and robustness with respect to model uncertainties. Our method and the associated relaxed control law are then compared with existing conditions from the literature and are validated through numerical examples.
River channel response to dam removals on the lower Penobscot River, Maine, United States
Authors: Collins Mathias J. , Kelley Alice R. , Lombard Pamela J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMost geomorphology studies of dam removals have focused on sites with appreciable quantities of stored sediments. There is great interest in channel responses to sediment releases because of potential effects on aquatic and riparian habitats and human uses of these areas. Yet, behind many dams in the Northeast U.S. and other regions of the world only minor accumulations of sediment are present because of small impoundments, run‐of‐river dam design and management (inflow ≈ outflow), low watershed sediment yield, and/or channel beds dominated by coarse sediment and/or bedrock. The two lowermost dams on the Penobscot River in Maine, United States, removed in 2012–2013, exemplified those conditions. Great Works and Veazie dams were about 6 and 10 m high, respectively. Pre‐project geophysical surveys showed coarse substrates dominated the reservoir beds and little sediment was stored in either impoundment—functions of reach geology, late Quaternary history, and upstream dams. Repeat cross‐section surveys in each impoundment, as well as the upstream and downstream reaches, were completed from 2009 to 2015 to evaluate channel morphology responses to the removals. Bed‐sediment grain size and turbidity were also measured to characterize changes in bed texture and suspended sediment. Pre‐ and post‐removal survey comparisons confirmed the expectation that bed elevations, channel shapes, and channel positions would not change substantially. Changes were often within, or close to, our estimated random measurement error. Our study shows that large‐scale physical changes are likely to be minimal when impoundments storing relatively little sediment are removed from erosion‐resistant streambeds. Many dams eligible for removal have these characteristics, making these observations an important case study that is largely unrepresented in the dam removal literature.
Opportunities and challenges for restoration of the Merced River through Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park, USA
Authors: Booth Derek B. , Ross‐Smith Katie , Haddon Elizabeth K. , Dunne Thomas , Larsen Eric W. , Roche James W. , Stock Greg M. , Mahacek Virginia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSuccessful river restoration requires understanding and integration of multiple disciplinary perspectives, including evaluations of past and ongoing watershed processes, local geomorphic response, and impacts unique to human activity. Nowhere is this more apparent than along the Merced River in Yosemite National Park, USA, where both an outstanding natural landscape and the consequences of over a century of human disturbances continue to interact. An intact upstream watershed highlights the importance here of local impacts on geomorphic response. Incision and the resulting decoupling of the channel from its adjacent late‐Holocene floodplain are consequences of reduced channel roughness, likely from de‐snagging the river, and instream gravel mining in the 19th and early 20th century. Riparian‐zone disturbance by visitor use has damaged riparian vegetation and soils, inducing channel widening. Revetments and channel‐spanning bridges, the latter being visible and oft‐cited impacts to fluvial processes, have distorted the natural evolution of meanders and induced local channel narrowing. The historical rate of sediment export from Yosemite Valley has greatly exceeded replenishment from upstream and lateral sources, creating a deficit that now inhibits recovery via passive restoration of more natural channel form and function. Climate change may amplify now‐diminished fluvial processes but also exacerbate the rate of sediment export. These conditions, reflecting a complex intersection of geologic history, modern geomorphic processes, and human interactions, demonstrate how a limited influx of sediment coupled with intensive human use can have long‐term consequences for riverine conditions, restoration opportunities, and social engagement with the riverine landscape.
Carryover effects of silicon‐rich amendments in rice paddies
Authors: Limmer Matt A. , Seyfferth Angelia L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.) readily accumulates the nutrient silicon (Si) and the toxin arsenic (As), elements that can interact antagonistically both in the plant and in the soil. Thus, many studies have been performed where Si‐rich materials are incorporated into soils to increase plant‐available Si and thereby decrease plant As. However, studies have not examined the dissolution kinetics of Si from Si‐rich materials over multiple seasons and the resulting effects on rice systems. Here, we analyzed the porewater chemistry, CH4 emissions, and rice elemental concentrations from rice paddies in Year 2 that had been amended with Si‐rich materials (silicate fertilizer, rice husk, and charred rice husk) in Year 1. After two crop cycles, plant‐available Si and plant Si concentrations remained elevated in Si‐amended paddies. Silicon‐rich amendments also decreased plant As concentrations, although this effect was only observed in the vegetative tissues. Husk treatment resulted in the lowest porewater redox, highest CH4 emissions, and highest porewater inorganic As. Porewater concentrations and dynamics of inorganic As, dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO) differed for each amendment, but Si‐rich amendments exhibited elevated inorganic and organic As early in the growing season. These Si‐rich amendments can continue to provide Si and impact rice systems two growing seasons after application.
Advanced Filter Membrane Separator for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Qin Yao , Liu Ping , Zhang Qi , Wang Qi , Sun Dan , Tang Yougen , Ren Yu , Wang Haiyan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries with low cost and inherent safety are considered to be the next‐generation energy storage device. However, they suffer from poor cycling stability and low coulombic efficiency caused by the serious zinc dendrites during the cycling. In this work, a porous water‐based filter membrane is first proposed as separator due to its good toughness and uniform pore distribution. The results demonstrate that the symmetrical cell using a filter membrane can cycle over 2600 h with a low voltage hysteresis of 47 mV. Moreover, an aqueous Zn//NaV3O8·1.5H2O cell based on the filter membrane is constructed, which demonstrates a high capacity retention of 83.8% after 5000 cycles at 5 A g−1. The mechanism research results reveal that the excellent dendrites inhibiting the ability of the filter membrane should be attributed to its uniform pore distribution rather than its composition. This work proposes a filter membrane separator and reveals the great influence of separator on the zinc stripping/plating process, which will shed light on the development of high‐performance aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.
Halide Perovskite, a Potential Scintillator for X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Zhou Faguang , Li Zhizai , Lan Wei , Wang Qian , Ding Liming , Jin Zhiwen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractScintillator is a unique class of luminescent materials, which is extensively used in many fields such as nondestructive testing, medical imaging, space probes, etc. Compared with the disadvantages of traditional scintillator materials which have high cost, are fragile, have long response time and low spatial resolution disadvantages, metal halide perovskites are considered to be the most potential scintillator materials in X‐ray detection and medical imaging due to their preeminent performance of radiative absorption, carrier transportation, high photoluminescence, high atomic number (Z), high‐quality elements, and low‐temperature solution process. However, this material has blemishes such as poor stability and low luminous efficiency in the application of X‐ray detection. In recent years, many start‐of‐art and momentous works have been carried out to solve these problems. Herein, it is intended to summarize the progress of perovskite scintillators to date and propose a scheme for the development of their bottlenecks. First, the physical phenomena and main parameters of scintillators are summarized. Second, the classification of scintillator materials and their application of perovskite scintillators are outlined. Finally, the issues that remain in the application of perovskite scintillators and provide a simple outlook for possible directions in future applications are discussed.
Fetal–placental blood flow and neurodevelopment in childhood: population‐based neuroimaging study
Authors: Sammallahti S. , Tiemeier H. , Louwen S. , Steegers E. , Hillegers M. , Jaddoe V. W. V. , White T. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveAntenatal Doppler measurements of the fetal umbilical and cerebral circulations can predict perinatal complications; however, it is unclear if subtle variations in antenatal Doppler measurements are associated with long‐term neurodevelopmental outcome. In this study, we examined whether antenatal Doppler measurements of the fetal–placental circulation are associated with cognitive and motor abilities and brain morphology in childhood.MethodsTo evaluate differences in long‐term sequelae across the continuum of the umbilical and cerebral artery circulations in the general population, we utilized a population‐based longitudinal cohort study approach. In women from the Generation R study, we measured second‐ and third‐trimester umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA‐PI). Children underwent non‐verbal intelligence testing at 4–8 years of age, and at 8–12 years they underwent finger‐tapping tests to measure fine motor skills, balance beam tests to measure gross motor skills and brain magnetic resonance imaging. We assessed the relationships between prenatal UA‐PI and neurodevelopmental outcome using linear regression. We adjusted for child age and sex, maternal age, education, parity and smoking status.ResultsThe study sample included 2803 pregnancies. Higher third‐trimester UA‐PI was associated with poorer fine motor performance (0.41 (95% CI, 0.11–0.70) fewer taps on the finger‐tapping test per 1 SD higher UA‐PI) and gross motor performance (0.64 (95% CI, 0.20–1.08) fewer steps on the balance beam test per 1 SD higher UA‐PI). One SD higher third‐trimester UA‐PI was also associated with 0.65 (95% CI, 0.04–1.25) points lower intelligence quotient; however, unlike the associations with motor abilities, this finding did not persist after correction for multiple testing. Higher second‐trimester UA‐PI was associated with smaller brain volume (6.1 (95% CI, 1.0–11.3) cm3 reduction per 1 SD higher UA‐PI), but the association did not persist after correction for multiple testing.ConclusionHigher placental vascular resistance may have mild adverse effects on neurodevelopmental outcome at school age. While these effects are subtle at population level, we encourage future research into the role of early circulation in brain development. This information could be used to develop targeted interventions. © 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.