bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions between labile carbon, temperature and land use regulate carbon dioxide and methane production in tropical peat
Authors: Girkin N. T. , Dhandapani S. , Evers S. , Ostle N. , Turner B. L. , Sjögersten S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTropical peatlands are a significant carbon store and contribute to global carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions. Tropical peatlands are threatened by both land use and climate change, including the alteration of regional precipitation patterns, and the 3–4 °C predicted warming by 2100. Plant communities in tropical peatlands can regulate greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes through labile carbon inputs, but the extent to which these inputs regulate the temperature response of CO2 and CH4 production in tropical peat remains unclear. We conducted an anoxic incubation experiment using three peat types of contrasting botanical origin to assess how carbon addition affects the temperature response (Q10) of CO2 and CH4 production. Peats from forested peatlands in Panama and Malaysia, and a converted oil palm and pineapple intercropping system in Malaysia, differed significantly in redox potential, total carbon and carbon: nitrogen ratio. The production of CO2 and CH4 varied significantly among peat types and increased with increasing temperature, with Q10s for both gases of 1.4. Carbon addition further increased gas fluxes, but did not influence the Q10 for CO2 or CH4 production or significantly affect the Q10 of either gas. These findings demonstrate that the production of CO2 and CH4 in tropical peat is sensitive to warming and varies among peat types, but that the effect of root inputs in altering Q10 appears to be limited.
Decolonising technological pedagogical content knowledge of first year mathematics students
Authors: Khoza Simon Bheki , Biyela Audrey Thabile 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDecolonising students’ knowledge of technology, pedagogy, and mathematics content is important because it helps students understand their learning needs. Decolonisation is a process of critiquing and renewing the curriculum. Learning needs are circumstances that demand individuals’ actions in order to address professional, personal, and/or social needs. The purpose of this article is to explore and decolonise students’ knowledge of technology, pedagogy, and content in the learning of first year Bachelor of Education mathematics. Ten students learned a mathematics module at a South African university and were purposively selected to participate in this study. Semi-structured interviews, observation, and reflective activities/questionnaires, framed by critical action research, were used for data generation. The students’ knowledge revealed that the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) was useful when used as the learning framework, which generated curriculum concepts for the module to support the student knowledge of technology, pedagogy, and content. The concepts were learning needs, content, goals, activities, time, environment, community, assessment, and GeoGebra resources. GeoGebra was the main learning resource that helped the students to integrate other resources into the module. The study concluded that, although the technological and content knowledge dominated the learning in other cases of the module, the pedagogical knowledge which was a result of their self-reflection to understand their identities, drove the module all the time. This study, consequently, recommends that students should use their knowledge of technology, pedagogy, and content as taxonomies of learning, in order to address mathematics, individual, and societal needs through the integration of technology.
The Role of Geological Investigations for Dam Siting: Mosul Dam a Case Study
Authors: Sissakian Varoujan K. , Adamo Nasrat , Al-Ansari Nadhir 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDams are engineering structures constructed for different purposes. They are of different sizes, shapes and types. In all cases, many essential studies should be carried out before deciding the location, type and size of the dam. Among those studies is the geological investigations which should be carried out to deduce the geological conditions in the most relevant site, depth of the foundations and their types, cut-off depth, type of the available construction materials, and type of the expected geological hazards. Without proper geological investigations, the siting of a dam will cause serious hazards during construction and during commissioning of the dam. In this study, Mosul Dam case is considered as the consequences of inadequate geological investigations which were carried out by the contractor and supervised by Swiss Consultant. The location of the dam site and its foundations are built over a highly karstified area, where gypsum and limestone beds are exposed and exist deep under the ground surface, and even deeper than the foundations. Accordingly, grouting treatment was carried out and still on going, but all the attempts to have a safe and relevant dam were in vain. In this study we have provided the essential studies which should be included during the geological investigation to have a safe and sound dam.
Intergroup Competition Enhances Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) In-group Cohesion
Authors: Samuni L. , Mielke A. , Preis A. , Crockford C. , Wittig R. M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn-group cohesion is an essential component of successful intergroup competition in both human and nonhuman animals, likely facilitating group members access to potential benefits. However, when benefits are equally shared among group members, group defense becomes a collective action problem, which might subvert cohesive participation during intergroup competition. There is a lack of consensus across studies and species with regard to the link between in-group cohesion and intergroup competition, likely as a result of species differences in managing the collective action problem. Here, we examine this link in a species with a striking example of collective action during intergroup competition, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus). Using two years of focal-follow data on males and females in two groups at the Taï Forest, Côte d’Ivoire, we investigated the immediate and long-term effects of intergroup competition (border patrols and intergroup encounters) on measures of in-group cohesion, namely modularity, party size, and intergroup aggression. We found that groups’ association patterns were less modular (more cohesive) in months in which they engaged in more border patrols and intergroup encounters. We found that current and greater prior engagement in intergroup competition predicted larger party sizes. Furthermore, current, but not prior engagement in intergroup competition, predicted reduced intragroup aggression by males but not by females. Increased in-group cohesion in chimpanzees likely reduces potential costs of intergroup competition engagement, by facilitating joint participation in current and future intergroup conflicts, overcoming the collective action problem.
An Approach to Improve Dementia Health Literacy in Indigenous Communities
Authors: Webkamigad Sharlene , Warry Wayne , Blind Melissa , Jacklin Kristen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis project aims to improve health literacy in Indigenous communities through the development of evidence-based culturally relevant health promotion materials on dementia that bridge the gap between Indigenous and Western perspectives of the illness. The research team worked in partnership with Health Canada’s First Nations and Inuit Home and Community Care Program (FNIHCC) and consulted with Indigenous elders to utilize a two-eyed seeing framework that draws upon Indigenous knowledge and Western biomedicine. A consolidated review of materials and research involving Indigenous perspectives of Alzheimer’s and age-related dementias led to the development of two culturally appropriate fact sheets. Two Indigenous-specific fact sheets were developed “What is Dementia? Indigenous Perspectives and Cultural Understandings” and “Signs and Symptoms of Dementia: An Indigenous Guide.” The fact sheets prioritize Indigenous knowledge and pay particular attention to Indigenous languages, diverse Indigenous cultures, and literacy levels. The content uses phrasing and words from Indigenous people involved in the research to share information. Biomedical concepts and words were included when necessary but language or presentation of these aspects were often modified to reflect Indigenous conceptualizations. This project provides a foundation for evidence-based knowledge translation in relation to cultural safety in dementia care. Specifically, the researchers outline how health care providers can develop culturally appropriate health promotion material, thus increasing Indigenous cultural understandings of dementia and health literacy.
Distribution of Trapped Magnetic Flux in Superconducting Stacks Magnetised by Angled Field
Authors: Tomkow Lukasz , Smara Anis , Climente-Alarcon Vicente , Glowacki Bartek A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSome novel energy applications require the use of complex shapes of stacks of superconducting tapes as trapped-flux magnets. A trapped-flux magnet magnetised in a superconducting motor may experience an angled magnetising field rather than a field normal to its surface. This will affect the trapped magnetic flux distribution. This work presents the results of the numerical and experimental analyses of the stacks magnetised in an angled magnetic field. The finite element model using H-formulation is developed to compute the induced superconducting currents. The measurements are performed on stacks with different thicknesses and with different orientations against a magnetising field. The resulting distribution of the magnetic flux as well as the electric currents is computed, presented and discussed in details. The importance of the observed distribution patterns is assessed in the context of the implementation of such stacks in a fully superconducting electric motor.
Analysis of laminar flow and heat transfer in an interrupted microchannel heat sink with different shaped ribs
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Yongji , Zhang Yaning , Li Bingxi , Sundén Bengt 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA numerical study was conducted to investigate the mechanism of laminar flow and heat transfer enhancement in an interrupted microchannel heat sink (IMCHS) with different shaped ribs at Reynolds number ranging from 100 to 900. The global flow features, heat transfer and friction for IMCHS with no ribs, rectangle ribs, triangle ribs and trapezoid ribs are detailed compared. The results show that the local heat transfer and friction performance of IMCHS with ribs show significant increase at the windward side of the ribs. Additionally, the smaller the chamfer of ribs, the larger average heat transfer and friction performance. For IMCHS with rectangle ribs, the maximum increment of Nu and f can reach to 1.81 and 2.59, respectively. Concerning the overall heat transfer performance (PEC), the trapezoid ribs show the best behavior with PEC = 1.65–1.38 at Re = 100–900.
One Hundred Twenty-Seven Subsemilattices and Planarity
Authors: Czédli Gábor 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLet L be a finite n-element semilattice. We prove that if L has at least 127 ⋅ 2n− 8 subsemilattices, then L is planar. For n > 8, this result is sharp since there is a non-planar semilattice with exactly 127 ⋅ 2n− 8 − 1 subsemilattices.
High Content Solid Dispersions for Dose Window Extension: A Basis for Design Flexibility in Fused Deposition Modelling
Authors: Govender Rydvikha , Abrahmsén-Alami Susanna , Folestad Staffan , Larsson Anette 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
This study uses high drug content solid dispersions for dose window extension beyond current demonstrations using fused deposition modelling (FDM) to; i) accommodate pharmaceutically relevant doses of drugs of varying potencies at acceptable dosage form sizes and ii) enable enhanced dose flexibility via modular dosage form design concepts.

Methods
FDM was used to generate ~0.5 mm thick discs of varying diameter (2–10 mm) from melt-extruded feedstocks based on 10% to 50% w/w felodipine in ethyl cellulose. Drug content was determined by UV spectroscopy and dispensing precision from printed disc mass.

Results
Mean felodipine content was within ±5% of target values for all print volumes and compositions including contents as high as ~50% w/w. However, poor dispensing precision was evident at all print volumes.

Conclusions
In pursuit of dose flexibility, this successful demonstration of dose window extension using high content solid dispersions preserves FDM design flexibility by maintaining applicability to drugs of varying potencies. The achieved uniformity of content supports the application of varying content solid dispersions to modular dosage form concepts to enhance dose flexibility. However, poor dispensing precision impedes its utilisation until appropriate compatibility between FDM hardware and materials at varying drug contents can be attained.
Does idiosyncratic risk matter in IPO long-run performance?
Authors: Beaulieu Marie-Claude , Mrissa Bouden Habiba 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper studies how firm-level idiosyncratic risk varies over time and affects both initial public offering (IPO) and matched non-IPO firms’ long-run performance. It revisits the traditional approach to compute the long-run performance by conditioning aftermarket performance on idiosyncratic risk with a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity GARCH-M extension of the standard three-factor Fama and French (3FF) model. Our findings show a positive long-run relationship between idiosyncratic risk and expected returns for almost all IPOs and matched non-IPO firms. We find that, in general, IPOs do not underperform their peers when we adjust long-run abnormal returns for firm-level idiosyncratic risk. We also note that the idiosyncratic risk exposure depends on the IPO profile; it is more important for firms going public in hot-issue markets, undervalued IPOs and high idiosyncratic-risk issues. Thus, this paper suggests that a part of abnormal returns in specific IPOs long-run performance is derived from firm idiosyncratic risk.
Do employees’ generational cohorts influence corporate venturing? A multilevel analysis
Authors: Guerrero Maribel , Amorós José Ernesto , Urbano David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOrganizations are facing an interesting phenomenon in the composition of their workforce: the concurrence of multiple age generations that demand suitable strategies regarding work design, job satisfaction, and incentives. Ongoing entrepreneurship and strategic management debates require a better understanding of the relationship between workplace generational cohorts’ configurations and organizational performance. We propose a conceptual model for understanding how a diversified workforce influences some determinants (i.e., employees’ human capital and attitudes, organizational climate, and environmental conditions) of entrepreneurial organizations’ outcomes (i.e., corporate venturing). Our framework offers insights into corporate venturing determinants for three generational cohorts: Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y. Using a sample of 20,256 employees across 28 countries, our findings lend support to the positive effect of individual and organizational determinants on corporate venturing, as well as how these effects are reinforced per generational cohort. Specifically, our results show that younger generations (millennials) have more propensity to be involved in corporate venturing activities. This study also contributes to thought-provoking implications for entrepreneurial organizational leaders who manage employees from different generations.
Public Policies and Equality of Opportunity for Wellbeing in Multiple Dimensions: A Theoretical Discussion and Evidence from Bolivia
Authors: Krishnakumar Jaya , Nogales Ricardo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRoemer’s equality of opportunity (EOp) theory is increasingly used as the framework for assessing the link between public policies and social justice. Most studies focus on a single (monetary) wellbeing indicator and take individual efforts as being randomly distributed. However, recent development theories have uniformly advocated the use of a multidimensional wellbeing measure and the importance of individual responsibility. We propose a theoretical framework and a modelling tool to include these aspects in an assessment of the connection between public policies and inequality of opportunity for wellbeing within a Romerian setting. Using Bolivian data, we demonstrate the empirical usefulness of our framework and find that Bolivian social programmes are strongly associated with the reduction of unfair inequalities arising from ethnicity and family background, although their levels are far away from being optimal. We highlight the role of effort in this connection and show that it is a fundamental mediating factor.
Computation and investigation of mode characteristics in nonlinear system with tuned/mistuned contact interface
Authors: She Houxin , Li Chaofeng , Tang Qiansheng , Ma Hui , Wen Bangchun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study derived a novel computation algorithm for a mechanical system with multiple friction contact interfaces that is well-suited to the investigation of nonlinear mode characteristic of a coupling system. The procedure uses the incremental harmonic balance method to obtain the nonlinear parameters of the contact interface. Thereafter, the computed nonlinear parameters are applied to rebuild the matrices of the coupling system, which can be easily solved to calculate the nonlinear mode characteristics by standard iterative solvers. Lastly, the derived method is applied to a cycle symmetry system, which represents a shaft-disk-blade system subjected to dry friction. Moreover, this study analyzed the effects of the tuned and mistuned contact features on the nonlinear mode characteristics. Numerical results prove that the proposed method is particularly suitable for the study of nonlinear characteristics in such nonlinear systems.
Familiarizing Students with Definition of Lebesgue Outer Measure Using Mathematica: Some Examples of Calculation Directly from Its Definition
Authors: Wojas Włodzimierz , Krupa Jan , Bojarski Jarosław 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper we present some examples of calculation the Lebesgue outer measure of some subsets of $$\mathbb {R}^2$$R2 directly from definition 1. We will consider the following subsets of $$\mathbb {R}^2$$R2: $$\displaystyle \{(x, y)\in \mathbb {R}^2: 0\le y \le x^2, x\in [0, 1]\}$${(x,y)∈R2:0≤y≤x2,x∈[0,1]}, $$\displaystyle \{(x, y)\in \mathbb {R}^2: 0\le y \le \exp (-x), x\ge 0\}$${(x,y)∈R2:0≤y≤exp(-x),x≥0}, $$\big \{ (x,y) \in \mathbb {R}^2: \ln x \le y \le 0, x\in (0, 1]\big \}$${(x,y)∈R2:lnx≤y≤0,x∈(0,1]}, $$\big \{ (x,y) \in \mathbb {R}^2: 0\le y \le 1/x, x\ge 1\big \}$${(x,y)∈R2:0≤y≤1/x,x≥1}, $$\displaystyle \{(x, y)\in \mathbb {R}^2: 0\le y \le \sin x, x\in [0, \pi /2]\}$${(x,y)∈R2:0≤y≤sinx,x∈[0,π/2]}, $$\displaystyle \{(x, y)\in \mathbb {R}^2: 0\le y \le \exp (x), x\in [0, 1]\}$${(x,y)∈R2:0≤y≤exp(x),x∈[0,1]}, $$\displaystyle \{(x, y)\in \mathbb {R}^2: 0\le y \le \ln (1-2r \cos x+r^2), x \in [0, \pi ]\}$${(x,y)∈R2:0≤y≤ln(1-2rcosx+r2),x∈[0,π]}, $$r>1$$r>1 and some others. We could not find any analogical examples in available literature (except for rectangle and countable sets), so this paper is an attempt to fill this gap. We calculate sums, limits and plot graphs and dynamic plots of needed sets and unions of rectangles sums of which volumes approximate Lebesgue outer measure of the sets, using Mathematica. We also show how to calculate the needed sums and limits by hand (without CAS). The title of this paper is very similar to the title of author’s article (Wojas and Krupa in Math Comput Sci 11:363–381, 2017) which deals with definition of Lebesgue integral but this paper deals with definition of Lebesgue outer measure instead.
Value Chain Analysis of Chaya (Mayan Spinach) in Guatemala
Authors: Amaya Nadezda , Padulosi Stefano , Meldrum Gennifer 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChaya is a highly nutritious perennial leafy vegetable native to Mesoamerica. This drought-resistant crop has low production and consumption levels in Guatemala, but has the potential to help agriculture and food systems be more nutritious and resilient. This study analyzed the value chain of chaya in Guatemala, and identified bottlenecks and opportunities for its use-enhancement. This research, the first of its kind applied to this crop in Guatemala, combined Rapid Market Appraisal tools. Small-scale chaya production, consumption, and marketing were observed in three focal sites (Guatemala City, Petén, and Dry Corridor). It was observed that producers are not motivated to produce chaya commercially and vendors are unwilling to sell it because of low demand and profitability. One Guatemalan company identified produces nutraceutical chaya products with few sales points in the country and occasionally abroad. Low demand is a primary bottleneck in the value chain due to lack of consumer awareness, changing eating habits, limited recipes, and availability in home-gardens. There is also a reluctance to grow, consume, or sell a crop perceived as a “food of the poor.” Low prices and profitability were other constraints registered. The findings can inform future interventions for enhancing the use of this crop to fight malnutrition.
Spawning Microhabitat Selection in Wild-Caught Delta Smelt Hypomesus transpacificus under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Lindberg Joan C. , Tsai Yi-Jiun J. , Kammerer Brittany D. , Baskerville-Bridges Bradd , Hung Tien-Chieh 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVery little is understood about the spawning habitat of endangered delta smeltHypomesus transpacificus, which hinders ongoing recovery efforts such as wetland habitat restoration and spawning habitat augmentation. To address this, the spawning response of wild-caughtH. transpacificusto different substrates and water velocities was examined across three experiments. In experiment 1, spawning response to dead wood, pebble, natural and artificialSchoenoplectus acutus, empty tray, and tank floor at water velocities of 1.4 and 8.8 cm/s was tested. Egg deposition on pebble at 8.8 cm/s velocity (78.1% of 7778 total eggs) was significantly greater than that on all other substrate-velocity combinations. In experiment 2, spawning response to naturalS. acutus, dead wood, sand, pebble, cobble, and empty tray at velocities of 8.7 and 15.4 cm/s was tested. Egg deposition on pebble at 15.4 cm/s (61.5% of 36171 total eggs) was significantly greater than that on all substrate-velocity combinations except for sand at 15.4 cm/s. Sand at 15.4 cm/s (22.3%) contained significantly more eggs than all combinations except for pebble at 8.7 and 15.6 cm/s. In experiment 3, egg attachment to naturalS. acutus, dead wood, sand, pebble, cobble, and empty tray when exposed to 14.6 cm/s velocity was tested. Egg loss on sand was significantly greater than that on empty tray and pebble, indicating that egg deposition on sand may have been underestimated in experiment 2. Together, these results indicate thatH. transpacificusselects pebble and sand at higher water velocities for spawning under certain laboratory conditions. These findings are important, as they provide insight into the potential natural habitats that may be used for spawning and thereby inform ongoing habitat restoration efforts.