bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy evaluation of a refrigeration system by calculating the coefficient of performance
Authors: Espinel-Blanco E E , Flores-Solano E , Arévalo-Ruedas J H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The calculation of the coefficient of performance for the refrigeration system in a dairy product processing plant is presented, with the objective of knowing the energy efficiency of the system based on the thermodynamic analysis of the refrigeration cycle. The operation of the cooling system is based on the physical principles related to the heat transfer between two flows, where the cooling fluid fulfills a closed thermodynamic cycle and the system needs to consume energy to extract certain amount of heat. The evaluation of the coefficient of performance was developed following an integrated methodology of three stages. Firstly, the amount of heat necessary to extract from the products to be cooled was determined to estimate the necessary energy consumption. Secondly, the heat gain in the cooling water pipe-lines was then calculated since this magnitude increases energy consumption. Finally, the operating coefficient was determined to evaluate the energy efficiency of the refrigeration cycle. It was verified that the capacity of the installed system is sufficient for the extraction of heat in the products to be cooled according to the operating conditions of the plant and the requirements to maintain the products. The analysis of heat transfer of the cooling water lines showed that the absorption of heat is caused by problems in the insulation of the pipe, which is necessary to inspect through maintenance activities to reduce energy consumption and maintain the thermodynamic efficiency of the cycle with values greater than 70%.
Exploration of types of ventilated air chambers to improve thermal efficiency of bricks in fired clay
Authors: Díaz-Fuentes C X , Colmenares-Uribe A P , Peñaranda-Méndez J G 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe products and construction systems for facades regulate energy transfer in the architectural envelopes. Therefore, this paper developed an exploration of types of ventilated air chambers to improve thermal efficiency of brick for masonry walls in fired clay, taking into account their role in buildings. The methodology involves three fundamental stages: design, simulation and analysis of results. The design stage proposes 3 brick typologies with ventilated air chamber. The second stage simulates the behavior of the heat transfer and heat fluxes of the models in extreme climatic conditions of San Jose de Cucuta, Colombia, in September in Ansys software through the finite element method. Finally, the analysis of results studies the relationship between the incorporation of the ventilated chamber, shape of the product and heat transfer of proposed models, in comparison with the multi-perforated brick. The results indicate that thermal benefit varies between 2.52 °C and 3.64 °C in the interior surfaces of proposed bricks. Moreover, incorporation of ventilated air chamber mitigates heat transfer and reduces energy concentration in the interior sides of new bricks design. In conclusion, innovation in brick design proves that new forms proposition generates added values such as thermal benefits related to comfort. This aspect is important to consider because it establishes a transformative perspective for brick industry through an innovative market that is committed to sustainability of architectural envelopes in order to reduce energy consumption of buildings.
Physical thermal properties and comparative analysis of the ecological straw constructive modules
Authors: Pérez Rojas M C , Mancilla Grimaldo J J , Díaz Fuentes C X 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Understanding the physical and thermal material properties is important, due to it helps to determine the thermal comfort and how green is an architectural space, decreasing the energy consumption and avoiding the use of artificial cooling systems. This research is based on three stages: the design, simulations, and analysis of the results. The first stage developed three modules made of straw as a core material, wood and cardboard reinforcement. Successively, the thermal analysis simulation of the modules was carried out using the software ANSYS to determine each one thermal performance under extreme solar radiation of San Jose de Cucuta, Colombia. Thus, obtaining the temperature distribution exterior-interior and the heat fluxes for each typology. The results of the simulation show better thermal benefit in one specific module compared to the others, demonstrating that the implementation of an air chamber is the best strategy to reduce heat transfer in the design of the module, encouraging the use of straw as a constructive system. This research promotes the development of widely viable innovative sustainable construction solutions to configure any type of architectural enclosure in rural areas surrounding the city.
Analysis of a molding machine using methodologies and theories of design
Authors: García-León R A , Rodríguez-Castilla M , Quintero-Quintero W 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The objective of this work was to design a milk “Panelitas” molding machine, which can provide process technification and quality of life of workers of this industrial sector, which will achieve higher production and thus guarantee an inventory of the products elaborate handmade using methodologies and theories of design. Finally, the results calculated mathematically are supported by the finite element analysis that corroborates the excellent performance of the material selected for the machine, specifically the hopper, which is the most important element. In anything case, the materials exceed the mechanical properties of the material and element selected under the real operation conditions.
Variability of live loads computed from the analysis of internal forces produced during service life of dwellings
Authors: Márquez Peñaranda J F , Gallardo Pérez H J , Vergel Ortega M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the field of civil engineering, live loads are related to the use of the floors of buildings and dwellings. Live loads are produced by weight of people and furniture. Such loads generate internal physical effects such bending moments, shear forces or axial forces on structural elements that can show high uncertainty in magnitude and position. This work proposes the application of a physical-mathematical model which considers such uncertainty when forecasting maximum probable live loads to be used in structural analysis and design of elements. To do so, field data of live loads acting on different floors of 20 dwellings built in San Jose de Cucuta, Colombia, were collected and used to verify the model validity. As a result, it was observed a small difference in forecasted live loads with respect to the live loads prescribed by the national and international structural design standards. Live loads forecasted using the model describe modern trends of use of floors and can be used as safe values for designing structural elements. Physical quantities related to bending moment effects resulted to influence importantly the obtained maximum loads values.
Prediction of particle level behavior in atmospheric air based on laws of physics of motion and geographic interpolation
Authors: Carrillo G , Carrillo G E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Given the global problem of high levels of pollutants in the atmosphere, it is essential to use tools to measure and determine these levels. Unfortunately, it is impossible to have devices that allow direct pollutants’ direct measurements in a place of interest. Due to this limitation, in this work, a computer tool was developed to predict contaminants’ behavior and their concentration levels in a reliable way. In this methodology, equations of the physics of motion were implemented to predict particles’ behavior in a given area and an interpolation technique based on the Kriging method. In the initial stage, a preliminary analysis of the pollution data of the city of Bogota, Colombia, downloaded from the Air quality monitoring network of Bogota, Colombia, was performed. In the next stage, the variables of most significant interest in the analysis were defined, and the data to be characterized is explored. Finally, the selected method’s calculation algorithm is implemented in Python, taking an ArcGIS library as a programming reference. From the results, it was possible to determine the contaminants’ levels for some regions of Bogota, Colombia, between values of 0.067 to a maximum weight of 0.4039 ¼g/m3, for January 2013.
Variable control tool in MATLAB for energy transformation processes
Authors: Cardenas Y , Carrillo G E , Alviz A , Carrillo G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
During the stages of transformation of energy in a process, exercise control over the variables that intervene in it, improve its performance, and identify undesirable conditions in these. Thus, this study is developed as a graphical interface to implement a methodology for controlling variables of energy conversion processes, such as internal combustion engines. The control tool developed in MATLAB variables is based on multivariate statistics. The methods for developing this tool of Graphic User Interface is based on the statistics of principal component analysis and failure statistics such as T2 Hotelling and the Q statistic that allows the control of anomalies presented in the operation’s behavior. About the methodology, first, the input data are normalized, achieving standardization of the observation matrix vs. variables, then the spectral decomposition of the normalized data is performed, reaching the generation of the matrix of auto-values, allowing the age of the projection space of the data. With this based and delimited, it is possible to establish the ranges of observation of the mentioned statisticians. The result obtained from this research corresponds to software that allows the constant observation and analysis of the behavior of each variable of the generation engine. It describes the upper limit, lower limit, arithmetic mean, principal components, graphics of the statistics, and detects the failures in real times.
Improvement of Power Acquisition Characteristic on PV Generation System by Using Active PV Array
Authors: Itako K , Takeda Y , Kudoh T , Koh K 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe PV generation system operates in maximum power of PV array by MPPT control of power conditioning system (PCS). However, there is a problem that maximum power of the PV array configuration greatly decreases by partial shadow. For this problem, the authors previously proposed the active PV array(APV) system which is able to extract total power of the maximum power of each PV panel with preset PV array voltage, equipping each panel with the buck-boost converter(Unit). This APV system is able to maintain the ideal P-V characteristics under all conditions. In this paper, the effect of this method is demonstrated by simulation and experiment. In this investigated condition, it is clarified that the generated power of the proposed APV system is 1.6 times, compared with the conventional PV array system.
CFD Analysis of Tidal Current Turbine Performance with Different Boundary Conditions
Authors: Badshah Saeed , Badshah Mujahid , Hafeez Noman , Jan Sakhi , Ur Rehman Zia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The outcome of Numerical methods such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based on Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) is dependent upon selection of several critical parameters. The effect of boundary conditions, boundary flow modelling and turbulence numerics has been quantified in this study. Steady state RANS CFD simulation are performed by utilizing a Rotating Frame of Reference (RFR) model along with a Shear Stress Transport (SST) closure model. The simulated performance results were compared with experimental data over Tip Speed Ratios (TSR) from 2-9. Four different sets of boundary conditions that can possibly represent an experimental water channel were evaluated. The variation of boundary condition resulted in the variation of prediction error at different TSR’s. Critical variations were observed at the extreme operating conditions of minimum and maximum TSR’s. However, the C

P
prediction error at the optimum TSR was not much affected by the variation of boundary conditions.
Hierarchical Optimal Scheduling for Air Conditioner’s Load Aggregator
Authors: Xiaoyu XIE , Zhang Yongjun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a scheduling framework based on air-conditioning load aggregator is first proposed. Then the split constant frequency air-conditioning load is optimized by minute level. The step function characteristic between the average air-conditioning load per hour and the temperature difference set at the beginning and the end of the time is obtained and linearized. A temperature difference-power model suitable for air-conditioning hourly scheduling is established. Secondly, aiming at the multiple load aggregators existing in the distribution area, this paper proposes a non-cooperative game model of air conditioning load aggregators. Considering the problem of discretization of control variables in the game revenue function, this paper introduces continuous intermediate variables, establishes a hierarchical optimization model of the game, and gives the proof that the hierarchical optimization of the game has a unique pure strategy Nash equilibrium solution and the solution method. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulation.
Assessment of Net Oil and Gas Reserves and Analysis of the Influencing Factors under Production Sharing Contracts
Authors: Gui-fang FA , Qian ZOU , Yanjing YI , Zhi-yu LI 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Production sharing contract (PSC) is one of the most commonly used contract type in international petroleum cooperation practices, under which, contractors obtain net reserves composed of in kind “cost oil” and “profit oil” by taking risks, bearing exploration, development and production costs, paying royalties, income taxes and other fees to the government of the resource country (the host government). The net reserves owned by a contractor refer to the remaining economic recoverable reserves that the contractor can obtain during the remaining contract period, which represent the real revenue the contractor can realize. Taking Project XX in Africa for example, this paper analyzed the methods for estimating net oil and gas reserves under PSCs, discussed the impacts of production, decline rate, plan, prices, costs, profit oil sharing and taxes on net reserves from four aspects including technique, economics, commerciality and engineering. In addition, the paper also made sensitivity analysis of the factors having significant influence on net reserves, such as the oil production, oil prices, operation expenses and investment, and put forward some recommendations for optimizing field development strategies to maximize contractors’ economic benefits.
Experimental Study on the Performance of Vortex Tube Cooling Device on a Cooling Jacket
Authors: Fadhli Suhaimi Muhammad , Sheh Hong Lim , Hazwan Yusof Mohd 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A vortex tube is an intriguing simple device which is capable of generating cold and hot streams from a single compressed fluid supply at room temperature. The vortex tube does not require any refrigerants or chemicals to operate which makes it an environmentally friendly device. Still, as a well cooling device, there are fewer or no research works that were conducted on the application of vortex tube. So, the application of vortex tube as a cooling device on a cooling jacket is less explored. Hence, the performance of this application on experimental research is unclear. Therefore, the objectives for this research are to determine the performance of vortex tube as a cooling device on a cooling jacket at different cold mass flow rate and also to determine the performance of vortex tube as a cooling device on a cooling jacket at different inlet pressure. The performance of vortex tube on the cooling jacket is experimented with different cold mass flow rate ranging from 30L/min to 90L/min and different inlet pressure ranging from 200kPa to 500kPa. Both parameters were with several condition, which are conducted at indoor condition, inside an air-ventilated room and outdoor condition, under the sunlight. At the end of the experiment, 90L/min and 500kPa were the optimum value for the performance of vortex tube. It can be concluded that the higher the inlet pressure supplied to the vortex tube, the lower the air temperature produced, and the higher the cold mass flow rate, enables lower cold air generated to the cooling jacket.
Thermal Oxidative Decomposition of Soybean Straw: Thermo-Kinetic Analysis via Thermogravimetric Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Xie T , Wei R C , Gong C Z , Wang J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Keeping in view the energy shortage problem, the bioenergy potential of soybean straw have been evaluated by thermos-kinetic study using thermogravimetric analysis and artificial neural networks. TG-DTG curves at 10, 20, and 30°C min−1 revealed that the thermal oxidative decomposition of soybean straw could be divided into three stages and the second stage (180 to 380°C) would be the most suitable for thermal conversion of soybean straw into energy and chemicals. Kinetics analysis results showed that the activation energy values of models ranges were: KAS (87.57-819.24 KJ mol−1), and OFW (92.01-790.85 KJ mol−1), respectively. The variation of activation energy indicated the thermal decomposition process of soybean straw is complicated and may be consisting of several reactions. Furthermore, an ANN model was applied to predict the thermal decomposition of soybean straw. The good fitness between experimental and predict data (R2
= 0.999) validated the accuracy of the model in predicting the mass loss of thermal oxidative decomposition process.
Assessment of Water Supply and Demand in the Lower Mahi Sub-basin using WEAP Model
Authors: ManiRanjan K , Shashi Ranjan K , Roshni T , Drisya J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study deals with the future water demand assessment in Lower Mahi Sub-basin, Bihar, India using Water Evaluation and Planning Model (WEAP). The river Mahi is flowing through the Mahi sub-basin, which is a tributary to the Ganga river. Understanding and analyzing the past and present water supply and demand scenarios and prediction of future scenarios are indispensable for this area. In the WEAP model development phase, two scenarios are considered: past scenario (2004-2013), present and future scenarios (2016-2021) together. The water supply nodes used are Mahi river, groundwater and canals from Gandak river. The results from the trend of supply and demand shows that the sub-basin is water deficit for most part of year except during July to September. The water deficit is also observed during Rabi season when there is no rainfall or availability of surface water is nil for the crops, especially wheat. This results in more and more usage of groundwater and hence leads to groundwater depletion. By analyzing the results of the WEAP Model for the present and future scenario, a depletion in groundwater storage at a faster rate is observed with the existing climatic conditions and increased population, livestock and industry.
Surface water – Groundwater Coupled Modelling for Watershed Water Resources Sustainability Assessment
Authors: Husna A , Suwarman R , Ramdhan AM 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere are limited studies in Cisangkuy Watershed which shows the water resources availability and variability with respect to changing climates and land use. Uncertainties due to climate change and population growth have created a critical water resources situation for Cisangkuy Watershed. These uncertainties come from undescribed quantification of surface water – groundwater interaction. Investigating spatio-temporal variability of recharge-discharge is a critical initial step for water-resource management. The main objective of this study is to set up a physically-based spatially distributed SWAT and MODFLOW for the analysis of the different hydrological and hydrogeological component. The objectives to be achieved include 1) identifying the characteristics and distribution of river stream recharge -discharge 2) assessing surface water and groundwater quantity. The result shows that calibrated SWAT-MODFLOW model can represent surface water – groundwater interaction in Cisangkuy Watershed spatio-temporally. Baseflow from aquifer discharge is main factor that give contribution to river discharge in study area, so we can conclude that Cisangkuy Watershed has a good potential of water resources on the low area, but also has high potential of disaster due to groundwater like flood and landslide.This study is expected to develop water resources management in Indonesia. So that water resources sustainability can be analyzed from the aspect of the quantity of surface water and groundwater.
Sensitivity analysis of the SWAT model to spatial distribution of precipitation in streamflow simulation in an Arctic watershed
Authors: Bui M T , Lu J , Nie L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study approached a physically based, semi-distributed SWAT model to test the model sensitivity to the spatial distribution of precipitation. Ten scenarios of precipitation from five scattered rain gauges in an Arctic watershed Målselv in northern Norway were used as inputs to run the SWAT model. Streamflows were simulated. The model runs at monthly time interval based on the historical data of precipitation from 1979-2012. The study used statistical parameters, values of long-term average monthly streamflow and streamflow hydrograph between simulated and observed data for sensitivity analysis. The study found that the result of streamflow simulation is highly sensitive with spatial distribution of rain gauges input. For instance, the scenarios integrating rain gauge number 3, locating inside the watershed with lower precipitation amount than average of selected rain gauges, provided model unsatisfactory (statistical coefficient NSE < 0.5) in streamflow simulation. However, streamflow simulation is satisfactory (NSE: 0.5-0.6) at hydro-gauging station Lundberg far away from rain gauge 3. The hydrograph showed underestimated streamflow simulation in scenario 3,5,6-10 that integrated rain gauge 3, while scenario 1,2,4 that excluded rain gauge 3 showed reasonable agreement between simulated and observed flow. Underestimated streamflow was only found in scenario 3 and 5 at Lundberg. Moreover, the curves of average monthly streamflow showed that the simulated peak discharge in scenario 1,2,4 was performed better than the remaining scenarios.
Grid Search Based SVM Approach for Sea Level Rise
Authors: Pramada S.K. , Archana Sajith O , Sithara S , Thampi Santosh G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sea level rise is one of the most damaging impacts of climate change. Rising sea levels leads to loss of coastal wetlands, coastal flooding, degradation of coastal ecosystem, sinking of islands and general loss of quality of life. Countries which are located in low-lying areas as well as small islands are concerned that their land areas would be decreased due to inundation and coastal erosion. In this paper, a hybrid wavelet and grid search based support vector machine was used for statistical downscaling of sea level using climatic variables. The results of the hybrid model were compared with the observed sea level data and the results indicate that the hybrid wavelet and grid search based support vector machine can be used for future sea level projection. Thus the effect of sea level rise on low lying island can be studied with the model.