bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of power ultrasound on the extraction of black caraway (Carum carvi L.) and evaluation of their qualitative properties using response surface methodology
Authors: Shaterabadi Dariush , Aboonajmi Mohammad , Ghorbani Javid Majid , Arabhosseini Akbar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this research, ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) with two types of continuous and pulsed sonication extraction was compared with the Soxhlet method in the evaluation of qualitative traits of caraway seeds as a medicinal plant. Treatment conditions were performed at three levels of treatment (continuous and on–off levels), ultrasound power (100, 200, and 300 W), and sonication duration (10, 15, and 20min) using the response surface methodology (RSM) to compare them. Results indicated that yield of the dry extract weight and amount of ascorbic acid increased by the intensity and sonication duration directly but about DPPH radical scavenging capacity there is no direct relation, actually comparing DPPH radical scavenging capacity yields showed that it increased initially from 100W to 200 W, then from 200 to 300W, the result was reversed. It is due to the occurrence of power peaks during extraction , degradation of more and better plant matrices, and better released of the extract in low powers. Results also showed that pulsed sonication method was more effective than continuous to extraction of sensitive components.
Flavor compounds in Vine Tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata) infusions
Authors: Carneiro Renata C. V. , Wang Hengjian , Duncan Susan E. , O'Keefe Sean F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVine tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata) is a tea traditionally used in Chinese herbal medicine that is rich in the natural antioxidant dihydromyricetin (ampelopsin). In addition to its multiple health benefits, vine tea extracts and dihydromyricetin have been suggested as potential natural antioxidants for food applications, such as soybean oil and meat products. However, there is still little information available on vine tea chemistry, and in particular the volatile profile and sensory characteristics, which can affect product acceptability and restrict its use as a natural antioxidant. The objective of this exploratory study was to identify potential volatile components present in vine tea in order to support further research and applications in the food industry. Vine tea infusions brewed from commercial samples were characterized by acidic pH values and a dark, reddish‐yellow color. Twenty‐one volatile compounds were identified as potential flavor components of vine tea, including aldehydes and ketones. Further studies are suggested to quantify the volatile compounds and understand their importance to vine tea's aroma profile. Sensory studies are also suggested to access consumer's acceptability of vine tea and products containing vine tea as an ingredient.
The Hang Up
Authors: Sullivan Laura Specker 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOver the past year, our ethics service has had numerous consultations involving patients who use the emergency department for regular dialysis. Sometimes, they have access to outpatient hemodialysis that they forgo; other times, they've been “fired” from this kind of outpatient facility, and so the ED is their last option. In most of these cases, we're called because the patient is disruptive once admitted to the ICU and behavior plans haven't helped. But the call from a resident this March 2020 morning was different, the patient had end‐stage renal disease and often missed hemodialysis, but he wasn't disruptive. “It's just that he comes in after using cocaine, and given scarcity with the coronavirus and ICU beds….” I have come to think that this is one of the more insidious effects of the pandemic: that there will be a resurgence of the view that some patients deserve health care by virtue of their compliant behavior and that those who are nonadherent don't.
Duties toward Patients with Psychiatric Illness
Authors: Conrad Rachel C. , Baum Matthew L. , Shah Sejal B. , Levy‐Carrick Nomi C. , Biswas Jhilam , Schmelzer Naomi A. , Silbersweig David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPatients with psychiatric illness feel the brunt of the intersection of many of our society's and our health care system's disparities, and the vulnerability of this population during the Covid‐19 pandemic cannot be overstated. Patients with psychiatric illness often suffer from the stigma of mental illness and receive poor medical care. Many patients with severe and persistent mental illness face additional barriers, including poverty, marginal housing, and food insecurity. Patients who require psychiatric hospitalization now face the risk of transmission of Covid‐19 due to the inherent difficulties of social distancing within a psychiatric hospital. Patients whose freedom and self‐determination have been temporarily overruled as they receive involuntary psychiatric treatment deserve a setting that maintains their health and safety. While tele‐mental health has been rapidly expanded to provide new ways to access psychiatric treatment, some patients may have limitations in technological literacy or access to devices. The social isolation, economic fallout, and potential traumatization related to the current pandemic will disproportionately affect this vulnerable population, and society's duties to them must be considered.
Vulnerable Children in a Dual Epidemic
Authors: Levine Carol 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTwo epidemics—Covid‐19 and opioid use disorder (OUD) —are creating short‐ and long‐term mental and physical health risks for vulnerable children and adolescents. Information about the risks to children from exposure to the coronavirus is still fragmentary, but even many healthy children are not getting appropriate health care, such as vaccinations or monitoring of developmental milestones during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Children living in poverty are at heightened risk. Youngsters who are already dealing with OUD in their families—2.2 million as of 2017—face serious consequences stemming from trauma and stress. Although not officially designated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as “adverse childhood experiences” (“ACEs”), these situations meet the CDC's criteria for inclusion, such as death or separation from a parent. It is important to recognize and meet the needs of all these children now and not just when the long‐term consequences become apparent.
Covid‐19: Exposing the Lack of Evidence‐Based Practice in Medicine
Authors: Reisman Jonathan , Wexler Anna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Covid‐19 pandemic has altered the shape of medicine, making in‐person interactions risky for both patients and health care workers. Now, before scheduling in‐person appointments or procedures, physicians are forced to reconsider if they are truly necessary. The pandemic has thus thrown into relief the difference between evidence‐based medical care and traditional aspects of care that lack a strong evidentiary component. In this essay, we demonstrate how this has played out in prenatal care, as well as in other aspects of medical care, during the pandemic. The extent to which these changes will persist beyond the most emergent phases of the pandemic is not clear, though insurance reimbursement practices and patient expectations will be determining factors. One thing, however, is certain: the longer the pandemic continues, the more difficult it will be for providers and patients to return to pre‐Covid norms.
Excavating the Personal Genome: The Good Biocitizen in the Age of Precision Health
Authors: Lee Sandra Soo‐Jin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe rise of genomic technologies has catalyzed shifts in the health care landscape through the commercialization of genome sequencing and testing services in the genomics marketplace. The development of consumer genomics into a growing array of information technologies aimed at collecting, curating, and broadly sharing personal data and biological materials reconstitutes the meaning of health and reframes patients into biocitizens. In this context, the good biocitizen is expected to assume personal responsibility for health through consumption of genomic information and acquiescence to public and private efforts at data surveillance and aggregation. These shifts raise fundamental questions about how competing interests of the public, the state, and corporate entities will be reconciled and what trade‐offs are demanded for the promise of precision health.
This is US: Geography of evidence in top health economics journals
Authors: Hirvonen Kalle 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Journal of Health Economics and Health Economics are arguably the top two journals in the field of health economics. Together, they published 1,679 empirical research articles in the past decade (2010–2019). In line with analyses based on earlier periods, the empirical evidence in top health economics journals continues to be dominated by the United States (37% of all empirical articles), whereas studies based on low‐income countries remain rare (2%). Countries with higher disease burdens receive generally less attention from health economists publishing at the top of their field. Reflecting this, more research was published based on data from the Nordic countries (27 million people) than from sub‐Saharan Africa and South Asia regions combined (2.9 billion people). Finally, one‐third of the empirical articles did not indicate the country of evidence in the title or the abstract, possibly to signal external validity of the findings. This practice was particularly common for articles based on data from North America with more than half of the articles omitting the country of evidence from the title and the abstract. The study concludes by exploring some hypotheses that may explain these findings.
A comparative study on the physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles released in vivo from CoCrMo tapers and cement–stem interfaces of total hip replacements
Authors: Crainic Alina M. , Callisti Mauro , van Veelen Arjen , Michalik Agnes , Milton James A. , Palmer Martin R. , Cook Richard B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe good biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of the bulk CoCrMo alloy has resulted in it being used in the manufacture of implants and load bearing medical devices. These devices, however, can release wear and corrosion products which differ from the composition of the bulk CoCrMo alloy. The physicochemical characteristics of the particles and the associated in vivo reactivity are dictated by the wear mechanisms and electrochemical conditions at the sites of material loss. Debris released from CoCrMo hip bearings, taper junctions, or cement–stem interfaces can, therefore, have different chemical and morphological characteristics, which provide them with different in vivo toxicities. Here, we propose to assess and compare the characteristics of the particles released in vivo from CoCrMo tapers and cement–stem interfaces which have received less attention compared to debris originating from the hip bearings. The study uses state‐of‐art characterization techniques to provide a detailed understanding of the size, morphology, composition, and chemistry of the particles liberated from the wear and corrosion flakes from revised hip replacements, with an enzymatic treatment. The phase analyses identified Cr2O3 nanoparticles released from tapers and cement–stem interfaces, whose composition did not vary with origin or particle morphology. The size distributions showed significantly smaller particles were released from the stems, compared to the particles originating from the corresponding tapers. The investigation demonstrates that the tribocorrosive processes occurring at the taper and stem interfaces both result in Cr2O3 nanoparticle formation.
Phase diagrams of the Ziff–Gulari–Barshad model on random networks
Authors: Vilela Edda B. , Fernandes Henrique A. , Paranhos Costa Fábio L. , Gomes Paulo F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, we revisited the Ziff–Gulari–Barshad (ZGB) model in order to study the behavior of its phase diagram when two well‐known random networks play the role of the catalytic surfaces: the random geometric graph and the Erdös–Rényi network. The connectivity and, therefore, the average number of neighbors of the nodes of these networks can vary according to their control parameters, the neighborhood radius α, and the linking probability p, respectively. In addition, the catalytic reactions of the ZGB model are governed by the parameter y, the adsorption rate of carbon monoxide molecules on the catalytic surface. So, to study the phase diagrams of the model on both random networks, we carried out extensive steady‐state Monte Carlo simulations in the space parameters (y, α) and (y, p) and showed that the continuous phase transition is greatly affected by the topological features of the networks while the discontinuous one remains present in the diagram throughout the interval of study.
Numerical simulation of a generalized anomalous electro‐diffusion process in nerve cells by a localized meshless approach in Pseudospectral mode
Authors: Roohani Ghehsareh Hadi , Seidzadeh Maryam Sadat , Etesami Seyed Kamal 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPseudospectral techniques are known as powerful tools and highly accurate solvers to deal with partial differential equations. In the current work, a local meshless technique in Pseudospectral mode is employed to deal with an interesting and general mathematical model which describes anomalous electrodiffusion of ions in spiny dendrites, the two‐dimensional variable‐order time fractional nonlinear cable equation. For this purpose, at first step a second‐order implicit difference method and a modified second‐order weighted and shifted Grünwald difference scheme are used to discretize the appearing integer and variable order fractional time derivatives, respectively. Then a local Pseudospectral meshless method based on the sufficiently smooth compactly supported radial point interpolation basis functions is formulated for solving the semidiscretized problem. The main advantage of the proposed computational technique is that it leads to a sparse and better‐conditioned system of algebraic equations. Finally, some numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate and verify the performance and accuracy of the method.
Bioactive compounds and quality evaluation of ‘Wonderful’ pomegranate fruit and juice as affected by deficit irrigation
Authors: Tarantino Annalisa , Difonzo Graziana , Lopriore Giuseppe , Disciglio Grazia , Paradiso Vito Michele , Gambacorta Giuseppe , Caponio Francesco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPersistent water shortage, typical of Mediterranean agricultural systems, has driven production methods towards the use of regulated deficit irrigation (DI) strategies, which may allow important water savings. To evaluate the extent to which pomegranate (cv. ‘Wonderful’) attributes may differ depending on the irrigation application rates, we investigated the effect of four different irrigation regimes (100, 75, 50, and 25% of maximum crop evapotranspiration – ETC) on their morpho‐pomological, physico‐chemical properties, and bioactive compounds.RESULTSThe weight and the size of whole fruits, and the number of arils and their weight per fruit, decreased significantly with the restriction of ETC water volumes applied to the crop. Minor differences were observed in soluble solids, pH, color of fruit skins, arils, and juices, although total acidity, maturity index, vitamin C, glucose, and fructose were not affected. However, total phenol content and antioxidant activity in juices were higher in the samples subjected to the DI treatments than in those submitted to full irrigation, showing the highest value at 50% ETC. A similar trend was found for anthocyanins delphinidin‐3,5‐diglucoside and delphinidin‐3‐glucoside, reaching the highest concentration at 50% ETC. Among non‐anthocyanin compounds, punicalagins and pedunculagin were more concentrated in the 75% ETc samples.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study indicate that the DI strategy throughout all the growing season is likely to have important implication for the pomegranate's physical, chemical, and phytochemical properties. Knowledge of them is useful in view of their processing and nutritional properties. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Factors associated with the use of vertical rectus abdominus myocutaneous flap reconstruction following abdominoperineal resection for anorectal cancer
Authors: Nichols David S. , Satteson Ellen , Harbor Patrick , DeFranzo Anthony , David Lisa , Thompson James T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesFollowing abdominoperineal resection (APR), primary closure of the perineal defect is often possible. Some patients, however, require flap reconstruction. Identifying these patients preoperatively is critical to facilitate comprehensive patient counseling and optimize surgical efficacy.MethodsA retrospective review of patients undergoing APR over a 10‐year period was performed to identify predictive factors for patients requiring reconstruction with a vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous (VRAM) flap as opposed to primary closure. Student's t and Fisher's exact tests were utilized for statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 158 patients underwent APR, 29 of whom (18%) required a VRAM flap. A higher average skin resection area was seen among those requiring flap reconstruction (P < .0001). Flap reconstruction was also associated with current smoking status (P = .0197), anal tumor location (P < .0001), and neoadjuvant radiation (P = .0457). Although not statistically significant, average tumor diameter was larger in the VRAM flap group compared with the primary closure group.ConclusionsWhile the appropriate method of closure for those undergoing APR should be considered on an individual case basis, patients who smoke, have a tumor located at the anus, or require large skin resection are more likely to need flap reconstruction.
The Potential Unique Impacts of Hope and Resilience on Mental Health and Well‐Being in the Wake of Hurricane Harvey
Authors: Long Laura J. , Bistricky Steven L. , Phillips Colleen A. , D'Souza Johann M. , Richardson Angela L. , Lai Betty S. , Short Mary , Gallagher Matthew W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNatural disasters can lead to mental health problems, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Higher levels of loss and/or disruption and prior trauma exposure constitute risk factors for mental illness, whereas protective factors, including hope and resilience, support positive functioning. The present cross‐sectional study used structural equation modeling to examine the relative influence of resilience and hope on mental health and well‐being 1–3 months after Hurricane Harvey made landfall in August 2017, among a sample of 829 adults in the Greater Houston, Texas area. Resilience was more strongly associated with reduced PTSD symptoms, β = −.31, 95% CI [−.42, −.21], than was hope, β = −.17, 95% CI [−;.30, −.04], whereas hope was more strongly associated with components of well‐being, βs = .47–.63. Hope was positively associated with posttraumatic growth, β = .30, 95% CI [.19, .41], whereas resilience was negatively associated with posttraumatic growth, β = −.24, 95% CI [−.35, −.12]. These associations remained consistent after considering risk factors, although more variance in trauma‐related outcomes was risk factors were included in the model. The present results suggest that considering the influence of both risk and resilience factors provides an enhanced picture of postdisaster mental health.
Measuring Trauma Exposure: Count Versus Variety of Potentially Traumatic Events in a Binational Sample
Authors: Rasmussen Andrew , Romero Sara , Leon Michelle , Verkuilen Jay , Morales Priscilla , Martinez‐Maganalles Sophia , García‐Sosa Icelini 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTraumatic event checklists typically ask respondents to indicate whether they have experienced particular types of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and then sum these endorsements to gauge cumulative trauma exposure. However, the sum of these endorsements indicates the variety of PTEs respondents have experienced rather than the count of exposure events. The main objective of the present study was to explore the association between PTE count and variety to examine assumptions regarding the use of traumatic event checklists to measure cumulative trauma exposure. The limited empirical research suggests that count and variety are strongly associated; however, there may be variation in magnitude concerning whether participants’ environments confer an increased or decreased risk of exposure. We present Life Event Checklist data from a large sample of Mexican and U.S. participants (n = 1,820), which allowed us to compare reports of count and variety. Count and variety were strongly correlated, Kendall's tau‐b = .74, such that count accounted for 54.6% of the variance in variety. A negative binomial regression analysis revealed that this association was moderated by county and municipio homicide rate, used as a proxy for violent crime, but not by natural disaster history. Variety was more strongly associated with scores on the Posttraumatic Stress Checklist for DSM‐5, Kendall's tau‐b = .26, than was PTE count, Kendall's tau‐b = .22, Fisher's z = −8.04, p < .001. Although there are challenges in estimating PTE counts, the present findings suggest that PTE variety is not a good proxy for cumulative trauma exposure.
Sulphide‐induced stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen absorption of copper in deoxygenated water at 90°C
Authors: Forsström Antti , Becker Richard , Hänninen Hannu , Yagodzinskyy Yuriy , Heikkilä Mikko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStress corrosion cracking (SCC) of oxygen‐free phosphorous‐alloyed copper was investigated in sulphide‐ and chloride‐containing deoxygenated water at 90°C with sulphide concentrations of 0.001 and 0.00001 M. Several intergranular defects were found in the specimen exposed to the high sulphide environment. Similar defects were not found in the low sulphide environment, where only slight corrosion on grain boundaries and slip lines occurred. Hydrogen content measurements show an increase in hydrogen uptake of the plastically deformed specimens, which is dependent on the sulphide concentration and on plastic deformation of copper. However, the highest hydrogen content was measured in friction stir welds, welded in air without shielding gas, and tested in the high sulphide environment. The embedded oxide particles in the weld metal act as local hydrogen trapping sites and selectively react with the sulphide solution. A relatively thick air‐formed oxide film covers the copper canisters when deposited, which transforms into a sulphide film in the repository conditions. Thus, some of the coupon specimens were pre‐oxidised. The conversion of the pre‐existing Cu2O film into Cu2S film occurs quickly and the transformation is almost 100% efficient. The structure and properties of the Cu2S films, susceptibility of copper to sulphide‐induced SCC and hydrogen uptake of copper in reducing, anoxic repository conditions are discussed.