bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes Enhance Cell‐Free Bone Regeneration by Altering Their miRNAs Profiles
Authors: Zhai Mengmeng , Zhu Ye , Yang Mingying , Mao Chuanbin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImplantation of stem cells for tissue regeneration faces significant challenges such as immune rejection and teratoma formation. Cell‐free tissue regeneration thus has a potential to avoid these problems. Stem cell derived exosomes do not cause immune rejection or generate malignant tumors. Here, exosomes that can induce osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are identified and used to decorate 3D‐printed titanium alloy scaffolds to achieve cell‐free bone regeneration. Specifically, the exosomes secreted by hMSCs osteogenically pre‐differentiated for different times are used to induce the osteogenesis of hMSCs. It is discovered that pre‐differentiation for 10 and 15 days leads to the production of osteogenic exosomes. The purified exosomes are then loaded into the scaffolds. It is found that the cell‐free exosome‐coated scaffolds regenerate bone tissue as efficiently as hMSC‐seeded exosome‐free scaffolds within 12 weeks. RNA‐sequencing suggests that the osteogenic exosomes induce the osteogenic differentiation by using their cargos, including upregulated osteogenic miRNAs (Hsa‐miR‐146a‐5p, Hsa‐miR‐503‐5p, Hsa‐miR‐483‐3p, and Hsa‐miR‐129‐5p) or downregulated anti‐osteogenic miRNAs (Hsa‐miR‐32‐5p, Hsa‐miR‐133a‐3p, and Hsa‐miR‐204‐5p), to activate the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Consequently, identification of osteogenic exosomes secreted by pre‐differentiated stem cells and the use of them to replace stem cells represent a novel cell‐free bone regeneration strategy.
Chemistry of Advanced Nanomedicines in Cancer Cell Metabolism Regulation
Authors: Yang Bowen , Shi Jianlin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTumors reprogram their metabolic pathways to meet the bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of cancer cells. These reprogrammed activities are now recognized as the hallmarks of cancer, which not only provide cancer cells with unrestricted proliferative and metastatic potentials, but also strengthen their resistance against stress conditions and therapeutic challenges. Although recent progress in nanomedicine has largely promoted the developments of various therapeutic modalities, such as photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, nanocatalytic therapy, tumor‐starving/suffocating therapy, etc., the therapeutic efficacies of nanomedicines are still not high enough to achieve satisfactory tumor‐suppressing effects. Therefore, researchers are obliged to look back to the essence of cancer cell biology, such as metabolism, for tailoring a proper therapeutic regimen. In this work, the characteristic metabolic pathways of cancer cells, such as aerobic respiration, glycolysis, autophagy, glutaminolysis, etc. are reviewed, to summarize the very recent advances in the smart design of nanomedicines that can regulate tumor metabolism for enhancing conventional therapeutic modalities. The underlying chemistry of these nanomedicines by which tumor metabolism is harnessed, is also discussed in a comprehensive manner. It is expected that by harnessing tumor metabolism cancer nanotherapeutics will be substantially improved in the future.
Social networks and member participation in cooperative governance
Authors: Morfi Chrysoula , Nilsson Jerker , Hakelius Karin , Karantininis Kostas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study explored the relations between the farmer‐members' social networks and their interest in cooperative governance, specifically their willingness to be elected representatives. Several researchers assert that member interest in cooperative governance is related to social factors. The empirical basis consists of surveys of random samples of Swedish farmers conducted in 1993, 2003, and 2013. The results indicate a strong relationship between the social networks and the farmers' propensity to participate in cooperative governance. This relationship has persisted even though the investigated 20‐year period was very turbulent for Swedish agriculture. Over time, members have become more willing to be elected when they receive backing from their social networks, with personal networks being more important than professional networks. The professional networks are related only to the level of aspiration and not actual participation in governance. [EconLit Citations: D73, P13, Q13].
Morphology and mechanical behaviors of rigid organic particles reinforced polycarbonate
Authors: Su Yukai , Sai Ting , Ran Shiya , Fang Zhengping , Guo Zhenghong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFor the purpose of promoting mechanical properties of bisphenol‐A polycarbonate (PC) reinforced by rigid organic styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) particles, styrene/acrylonitrile/glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (SAG) was synthesized and applied as compatibilizer for PC/SAN blends. It is found that the phase morphology of PC/SAN/SAG blends is closely related with their mechanical properties. Large continuously distributed SAN phase or spherical dispersed SAN particles with average diameter over 2 μm tend to trigger premature tensile failure of blends due to stress concentration. The incorporation of SAG can simultaneously reinforce and toughen PC/SAN blends by controlling the size and distribution of the dispersed SAN particles. For the blends with fixed PC/SAN ratio, the elongation at break and fracture energy are markedly improved when SAN domain size is reduced by adding appropriate amount of SAG. Typically, for blends with a PC/SAN ratio of 75/25, adding 3 wt% SAG will cause the average diameter of SAN particles to reduce from 2.35 ± 1.20 to 0.74 ± 0.25 μm, meanwhile up to 95% increment in elongation at break and 115% increment in fracture energy is achieved.
Adult Neurogenesis in the Olfactory System: Improving Performance for Difficult Discrimination Tasks?
Authors: Kouremenou Ioanna , Piper Michael , Zalucki Oressia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhat is the function of new neurons entering the olfactory bulb? Many insights regarding the molecular control of adult neurogenesis have been uncovered, but the purpose of new neurons entering the olfactory bulb has been difficult to ascertain. Here, studies investigating the role of adult neurogenesis in olfactory discrimination in mice are reviewed. Studies in which adult neurogenesis is affected are highlighted, with a focus on the role of environment enrichment and what happens during ageing. There is evidence for a role of adult neurogenesis in fine discrimination tasks, as underscored by studies that enhance adult neurogenesis. This is also observed in ageing studies, where older mice with reduced levels of adult neurogenesis perform poorly in olfactory discrimination. Differences in methodology that could account for alternative conclusions, and the importance of specificity in methods being used to investigate the effect of adult neurogenesis in olfactory performance are emphasized.
Bifunctional Reagents for Formylglycine Conjugation: Pitfalls and Breakthroughs
Authors: Janson Nils , Krüger Tobias , Karsten Lennard , Boschanski Mareile , Dierks Thomas , Müller Kristian M. , Sewald Norbert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFormylglycine‐generating enzymes specifically oxidize cysteine within the consensus sequence CxPxR to Cα‐formylglycine (FGly). This noncanonical electrophilic amino acid can subsequently be addressed selectively by bioorthogonal hydrazino‐iso‐Pictet‐Spengler (HIPS) or Knoevenagel ligation to attach payloads like fluorophores or drugs to proteins to obtain a defined payload‐to‐protein ratio. However, the disadvantages of these conjugation techniques include the need for a large excess of conjugation building block, comparably low reaction rates and limited stability of FGly‐containing proteins. Therefore, functionalized clickable HIPS and tandem Knoevenagel building blocks were synthesized, conjugated to small proteins (DARPins) and subsequently linked to strained alkyne‐containing payloads for protein labeling. This procedure allowed the selective bioconjugation of one or two DBCO‐carrying payloads with nearly stoichiometric amounts at low concentrations. Furthermore, an azide‐modified tandem Knoevenagel building block enabled the synthesis of branched PEG linkers and the conjugation of two fluorophores, resulting in an improved signal‐to‐noise ratio in live‐cell fluorescence‐imaging experiments targeting the EGF receptor.
Rational Design of a ZnII MOF with Multiple Functional Sites for Highly Efficient Fixation of CO2 under Mild Conditions: Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Das Rajesh , Muthukumar D. , Pillai Renjith S. , Nagaraja C. Mallaiah 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts suitable for carbon capture and utilization (CCU) under mild conditions is a promising step towards mitigating the growing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. Herein, we report the construction of a hydrogen‐bonded 3D framework, {[Zn(hfipbba)(MA)]⋅3 DMF}n (hfipbba=4,4′‐(hexaflouroisopropylene)bis(benzoic acid)) (HbMOF1) utilizing ZnII center, a partially fluorinated, long‐chain dicarboxylate ligand (hfipbba), and an amine‐rich melamine (MA) co‐ligand. Interestingly, the framework possesses two types of 1D channels decorated with CO2‐philic (−NH2 and −CF3) groups that promote the highly selective CO2 adsorption by the framework, which was supported by computational simulations. Further, the synergistic involvement of both Lewis acidic and basic sites exposed in the confined 1D channels along with high thermal and chemical stability rendered HbMOF1 a good heterogeneous catalyst for the highly efficient fixation of CO2 in a reaction with terminal/internal epoxides at mild conditions (RT and 1 bar CO2). Moreover, in‐depth theoretical studies were carried out using periodic DFT to obtain the relative energies for each stage involved in the catalytic reaction and an insight mechanistic details of the reaction is presented. Overall, this work represents a rare demonstration of rational design of a porous ZnII MOF incorporating multiple functional sites suitable for highly efficient fixation of CO2 with terminal/internal epoxides at mild conditions supported by comprehensive theoretical studies.
Incorporation of Boron into Uranium Metallacycles: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Boron‐Containing Uranacycles Derived from Bis(alkynyl)boranes
Authors: Ma Wangyang , Douair Iskander , Maron Laurent , Ye Qing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe reaction of uranacyclopropene complex (C5Me5)2U[η2‐1,2‐C2(SiMe3)2] with B‐aryl bis(alkynyl)borane PhB(C≡CPh)2 led to the first six‐membered uranium metallaboracycle, while the reaction with B‐amino bis(alkynyl)borane (Me3Si)2NB(C≡CPh)2 afforded an unexpected uranaborabicyclo[2.2.0] complex via [2+2] cycloaddition. The reaction with CuCl revealed the non‐innocent property of the rearranged bis(alkynyl)boron species towards oxidant. The reactions with isocyanide DippNC: (Dipp=2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3) and isocyanate tBuNCO afforded the novel uranaborabicyclo[3.2.0] complexes. All new complexes have been structurally characterized. DFT calculations were performed to provide more insights into the electronic structures and the reaction mechanism.
Two‐Photon Initiating Efficiency of a Ditopic Alkoxynitrostilbene Reacting through a Self‐Regenerative Mechanism
Authors: Hobeika Nelly , Chaumeil Helene , Mhanna Rana , Jin Ming , Wu Xingyu , Spangenberg Arnaud , Versace Davy‐Louis , Morlet‐Savary Fabrice , Malval Jean‐Pierre 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe photophysical properties and the photoinitiating reactivity of a ditopic alkoxynitrostilbene were compared to those of its single branch chromophore used as a reference. Whereas a trivial additive effect is observed when considering the one‐ and two‐photon absorption properties, a clear and very significant amplification has been highlighted for the photoreactivity of this free radical photoinitiator which was used as a hydrogen abstractor in presence of an aliphatic amine co‐reactant. We indeed demonstrate that the proximity of two nitroaromatics moieties within the same molecular architecture gives rise to an original cycling mechanism based on a stepwise photo triggering of each photoredox center followed by a subsequent regenerative process. The combination of a high two‐photon absorption cross‐section (δ780nm≈330 GM) with a strong enhancement in photoreactivity makes this nitrostilbene bichromophore a very suitable candidate for two‐photon polymerization applications.
Toward spatio‐temporal delineation of positive interactions in ecology
Authors: Tumolo Benjamin B. , Calle Leonardo , Anderson Heidi E. , Briggs Michelle A. , Carlson Sam , MacDonald Michael J. , Reinert J. Holden , Albertson Lindsey K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGiven unprecedented rates of biodiversity loss, there is an urgency to better understand the ecological consequences of interactions among organisms that may lost or altered. Positive interactions among organisms of the same or different species that directly or indirectly improve performance of at least one participant can structure populations and communities and control ecosystem process. However, we are still in need of synthetic approaches to better understand how positive interactions scale spatio‐temporally across a range of taxa and ecosystems. Here, we synthesize two complementary approaches to more rigorously describe positive interactions and their consequences among organisms, across taxa, and over spatio‐temporal scales. In the first approach, which we call the mechanistic approach, we make a distinction between two principal mechanisms of facilitation—habitat modification and resource modification. Considering the differences in these two mechanisms is critical because it delineates the potential spatio‐temporal bounds over which a positive interaction can occur. We offer guidance on improved sampling regimes for quantification of these mechanistic interactions and their consequences. Second, we present a trait‐based approach in which traits of facilitators or traits of beneficiaries can modulate their magnitude of effect or how they respond to either of the positive interaction mechanisms, respectively. Therefore, both approaches can be integrated together by quantifying the degree to which a focal facilitator's or beneficiary's traits explain the magnitude of a positive effect in space and time. Furthermore, we demonstrate how field measurements and analytical techniques can be used to collect and analyze data to test the predictions presented herein. We conclude by discussing how these approaches can be applied to contemporary challenges in ecology, such as conservation and restoration and suggest avenues for future research.
Impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on field instruction and remote teaching alternatives: Results from a survey of instructors
Authors: Barton Daniel C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEducation in ecology and evolution often utilizes field instruction to teach key learning outcomes. Remote teaching of learning outcomes that have been traditionally taught in the field, necessitated by the COVID‐19 pandemic, presents unique challenges for students, instructors, and institutions. A survey of 117 faculty conducted during spring 2020 revealed substantial reduction of learning outcomes typically taught in the field, and frequent substitutions of less active and more instructor‐centered remote activities for field activities. The survey revealed generally negative instructor views on many remote teaching substitutions, yet also showed several approaches that instructors regarded as more effective, despite potential challenges with equitably teaching them. I suggest several models of remote substitutions for traditional field teaching of identification, field techniques, data collection, and study design in the context of the results of this survey.
Surfactant‐directed Pd‐nanoparticle assemblies as efficient nanoreactors for water remediation
Authors: Huang Binbin , Xie Qianqian , Yang Zhan , Lei Chao , Chen Wenqian , Tang Xiang , Maran Flavio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDevising new catalytic systems for the efficient removal of organic chlorides from contaminated sites has important benefits for the human health. Efficiency requires the use of performing catalysts and the extraction of the contaminant from the environment. Here we describe a novel strategy that combines both aspects. A one‐pot surfactant‐directed approach allows the preparation of ultrafine palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) finely dispersed inside well‐ordered geometric structures, ranging from loose vesicles to nanocubes, from cylindrical to spherical assemblies. These assemblies work as nanoreactors where hydrophobic organic chlorides can be concentrated in the surfactant‐tail environment and efficiently reduced by the PdNP catalysts. As a proof‐of‐concept, we studied the dechlorination of the notorious pollutant 4‐chlorophenol. The nanoreactors display rapid dechlorination ability, excellent catalytic activity, and good stability and recyclability. This study provides a new methodology for effective water remediation that combines the advantages of both extraction and supported heterogeneous catalysis.image
The maternal brain: Region‐specific patterns of brain aging are traceable decades after childbirth
Authors: de Lange Ann‐Marie G. , Barth Claudia , Kaufmann Tobias , Anatürk Melis , Suri Sana , Ebmeier Klaus P. , Westlye Lars T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPregnancy involves maternal brain adaptations, but little is known about how parity influences women's brain aging trajectories later in life. In this study, we replicated previous findings showing less apparent brain aging in women with a history of childbirths, and identified regional brain aging patterns linked to parity in 19,787 middle‐ and older‐aged women. Using novel applications of brain‐age prediction methods, we found that a higher number of previous childbirths were linked to less apparent brain aging in striatal and limbic regions. The strongest effect was found in the accumbens—a key region in the mesolimbic reward system, which plays an important role in maternal behavior. While only prospective longitudinal studies would be conclusive, our findings indicate that subcortical brain modulations during pregnancy and postpartum may be traceable decades after childbirth.
Unique Cholangiocyte‐Targeted IgM Autoantibodies Correlate With Poor Outcome in Biliary Atresia
Authors: Luo Yuhuan , Brigham Dania , Bednarek Joseph , Torres Richard , Wang Dong , Ahmad Sara , Mack Cara L. 
Published: August 2020

Background and Aims
The etiology of biliary atresia (BA) is not known and is likely multifactorial, including a genetic predisposition, a viral or environmental trigger, an aberrant autoimmune response targeting cholangiocytes, and unique susceptibilities of the neonatal bile ducts to injury. Damaged cholangiocytes may express neo self‐antigens and elicit autoreactive T‐cell‐mediated inflammation and B‐cell production of autoantibodies. The aim of this study was to discover autoantibodies in BA that correlated with outcomes.

Approach and Results
An autoantigen microarray encompassing approximately 9,500 autoantigens was used to screen for serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies in patients with BA or other liver disease controls. Validation of candidate autoantibodies by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay on a second cohort of subjects (6‐12 months following Kasai portoenterostomy) and correlations of autoantibodies with outcomes were performed (serum bilirubin levels and need for liver transplant in first 2 years of life). Mean anti‐chitinase 3‐like 1 (CHI3L1), anti‐delta‐like ligand (DLL‐4), and antisurfactant protein D (SFTPD) IgM autoantibodies in BA were significantly higher compared with controls, and IgM autoantibody levels positively correlated with worse outcomes. Immunofluorescence revealed cholangiocyte‐predominant expression of CHI3L1, DLL‐4, and SFTPD. The humoral autoantibody response was associated with C3d complement activation and T‐cell autoimmunity, based on detection of cholangiocyte‐predominant C3d co‐staining and peripheral blood autoreactive T cells specific to CHI3L1, DLL‐4 and SFTPD, respectively.

Conclusions
BA is associated with cholangiocyte‐predominant IgM autoantibodies in the first year after Kasai portoenterostomy. Anti‐CHI3L1, anti‐DLL‐4, and anti‐SFTPD IgM autoantibody correlations with worse outcomes and the detection of C3d on cholangioctyes and antigen‐specific autoreactive T cells suggest that autoimmunity plays a role in the ongoing bile duct injury and progression of disease.
Similarities and differences in international and comparative human resource management: A review of 60 years of research
Authors: Sanders Karin , De Cieri Helen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article, we review similarities and differences in articles in the research field of international and comparative human resource management (HRM), published inHuman Resource Managementover the past 60 years. The extensive review and analysis, based on 189 conceptual articles, reviews, and empirical studies, identified several trends. First, the two distinct research streams in this research field (HRM in MNEs and comparative HRM) have grown over the decades and moved from conceptual articles in the beginning to almost exclusively empirical studies in more recent years. Second, in addition to the two research streams, in more recent years we identified a third research stream that combines elements of HRM in MNEs and comparative HRM research. Third, the research field has become more feminized, with an increasing number of female (first) authors, and has become more international, with more authors affiliated with non‐US universities in the more recent time periods. Finally, while the research streams show some differences in the content of their research, we do not find evidence that the streams developed in isolation. Based on our analysis, we provide suggestions for future research on international and comparative HRM and identify current implications for HR practitioners.
Role of the legal and financial environments in determining the efficiency of working capital management in European SMEs
Authors: Mättö Markus , Niskanen Mervi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on whether the rule of law or capital market development can explain observed differences in working capital levels and trade credit in SMEs from 13 EU countries. Our findings indicate that the working capital levels are lower and working capital management is thus more efficient in countries with safer legal systems and better investor protection. We also find that operating in a market‐based capital system has a negative effect on the cash conversion cycle (CCC). This implies that firms operating in countries with a market‐based system as opposed to a bank‐based system have better opportunities to manage their working capital. Our findings indicate that country‐level legal instruments explain much of the cross‐country differences observed in working capital. The results also suggest that working capital practices and the extent to which trade credit is used are a product of the legal system and the financial systems in place in each country. If the financial system changes, the trade credit practices can also be expected to change.