bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental research on NO emission with coal preheating combustion technology
Authors: Liu Wen , Ouyang Ziqu , Na Yongjie , Cao Xiaoyang , Zhu Shujun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCoal preheating combustion technology was adopted to achieve stable combustion and low NO emission of Shenmu semicoke, and an air‐staging method was also used to further reduce NO emission. A series of experiments have been launched on a 30‐kW coal preheating combustion test rig with a coaxial jet triple channel nozzle. In the study, coal preheated characteristics, combustion behavior, and the formation and destruction mechanisms of NO were discussed. Shenmu semicoke could be preheated up to a temperature above 840°C, and stable combustion was easily established; ~63% of the volatile and 59% of carbon were released and converted into coal gas in the self‐preheating burner. Flame images along the axis of the down‐fired combustor were gained, and the images was dark red without obvious flame fronts. The initial generation of NO in the near field of the preheated fuel nozzle exit had impacts on the NO emission, and lower initial NO generation might result in lower NO emission. By decreasing the inner secondary gas (air), increasing the external secondary air and adding CO2 in the secondary gas, the initial NO could be inhibited effectively, which finally controlled the NO emission. However, the CO emission might increase in turn generally. In the research, the NOX emissions were <180 mg/m3 (@6% O2) with the lowest <80 mg/m3. To achieve an optimal scheme of NO emission and CO emission, some adjustment methods need to be applied synchronously.
Estimating the distribution of heterogeneous treatment effects from treatment responses and from a predictive biomarker in a parallel‐group RCT: A structural model approach
Authors: Laubender Ruediger P. , Mansmann Ulrich , Lauseker Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhen the objective is to administer the best of two treatments to an individual, it is necessary to know his or her individual treatment effects (ITEs) and the correlation between the potential responses (PRs) and under treatments 1 and 0. Data that are generated in a parallel‐group design RCT does not allow the ITE to be determined because only two samples from the marginal distributions of these PRs are observed and not the corresponding joint distribution. This is due to the “fundamental problem of causal inference.” Here, we present a counterfactual approach for estimating the joint distribution of two normally distributed responses to two treatments. This joint distribution of the PRs and can be estimated by assuming a bivariate normal distribution for the PRs and by using a normally distributed baseline biomarker functionally related to the sum . Such a functional relationship is plausible since a biomarker and the sum encode for the same information in an RCT, namely the variation between subjects. The estimation of the joint trivariate distribution is subjected to some constraints. These constraints can be framed in the context of linear regressions with regard to the proportions of variances in the responses explained and with regard to the residual variation. This presents new insights on the presence of treatment–biomarker interactions. We applied our approach to example data on exercise and heart rate and extended the approach to survival data.
Prophylactic salpingectomy for prevention of ovarian cancer at the time of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Tomasch G , Lemmerer M , Oswald S , Uranitsch S , Schauer C , Schütz A-M , Bliem B , Berger A , Lang P F J , Rosanelli G , Ronaghi F , Tschmelitsch J , Lax S F , Uranues S , Tamussino K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Most serous ovarian cancers are now understood to originate in the fallopian tubes. Removing the tubes (salpingectomy) likely reduces the risk of developing high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Numerous gynaecological societies now recommend prophylactic (or opportunistic) salpingectomy at the time of gynaecological surgery in appropriate women, and this is widely done. Salpingectomy at the time of non-gynaecological surgery has not been explored and may present an opportunity for primary prevention of ovarian cancer.

Methods
This study investigated whether prophylactic salpingectomy with the intention of reducing the risk of developing ovarian cancer would be accepted and could be accomplished at the time of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Women aged at least 45 years scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were recruited. They were counselled and offered prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy at the time of cholecystectomy. Outcome measures were rate of accomplishment of salpingectomy, time and procedural steps needed for salpingectomy, and complications.

Results
A total of 105 patients were included in the study. The rate of acceptance of salpingectomy was approximately 60 per cent. Salpingectomy was performed in 98 of 105 laparoscopic cholecystectomies (93·3 per cent) and not accomplished because of poor visibility or adhesions in seven (6·7 per cent). Median additional operating time was 13 (range 4–45) min. There were no complications attributable to salpingectomy. One patient presented with ovarian cancer 28 months after prophylactic salpingectomy; histological re-evaluation of the tubes showed a previously undetected, focal serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma.

Conclusion
Prophylactic salpingectomy can be done during elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Short- and long-term mortality after liver transplantation in patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma in the UK
Authors: Wallace D , Cowling T E , Walker K , Suddle A , Rowe I , Callaghan C , Gimson A , Bernal W , Heaton N , van der Meulen J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
The increasing demand for liver transplantation has led to considerable changes in characteristics of donors and recipients. This study evaluated the short- and long-term mortality of recipients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the UK between 1997 and 2016.

Methods
First-time elective adult liver transplant recipients in the UK were identified and four successive eras of transplantation were compared. Hazard ratios (HRs) comparing the impact of era on short-term (first 90 days) and longer-term (from 90 days to 5 years) mortality were estimated, with adjustment for recipient and donor characteristics.

Results
Some 1879 recipients with and 7661 without HCC were included. There was an increase in use of organs donated after circulatory death (DCD), from 0 per cent in era 1 to 35·2 per cent in era 4 for recipients with HCC, and from 0·2 to 24·1 per cent for non-HCC recipients. The 3-year mortality rate decreased from 28·3 per cent in era 1 to 16·9 per cent in era 4 (adjusted HR 0·47, 95 per cent c.i. 0·35 to 0·63) for recipients with HCC, and from 20·4 to 9·3 per cent (adjusted HR 0·44, 0·36 to 0·53) for those without HCC. Comparing era 4 with era 1, improvements were more marked in short-term than in long-term mortality, both for recipients with HCC (0–90 days: adjusted HR 0·20, 0·10 to 0·39; 90 days to 5 years: adjusted HR 0·52, 0·35 to 0·75; P = 0·043) and for non-HCC recipients (0–90 days: adjusted HR 0·32, 0·24 to 0·42; 90 days to 5 years: adjusted HR 0·52, 0·40 to 0·67; P = 0·024).

Conclusion
In the past 20 years, the mortality rate after liver transplantation has more than halved, despite increasing use of DCD donors. Improvements in overall survival can be explained by decreases in short-term and longer-term mortality.
RETRACTED: Long noncoding RNA UCA1 promotes cell growth, migration, and invasion by targeting miR‐143‐3p in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Duan Qingyun , Xu Mei , Wu Meng , Zhang Xiong , Gan Min , Jiang Hongbing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) urothelial carcinoma‐associated 1 (UCA1) is dysregulated in many types of tumors; however, its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. This study aims to determine the effect of lncRNA UCA1 on OSCC.MethodsFifty‐six paired OSCC and adjacent nontumorous tissues were collected and the levels of UCA1, miR‐143‐3p, and MYO6 in the tissues were evaluated by qRT‐PCR. In in vitro experiments, cell viability, migration, and invasion were measured by, respectively, performing CCK‐8, wound healing, and transwell assays. The target relationships among UCA1, miR‐143‐3p, and MYO6 were verified by dual‐luciferase assay. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were carried out to determine the protein levels. Xenograft mouse model was established to explore the effects of UCA1 in vivo.ResultsLevels of UCA1 and MYO6 were increased significantly in OSCC, while the level of miR‐143‐3p was decreased compared with the adjacent nontumorous tissues. UCA1 promoted OSCC cell growth, migration, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo, while miR‐143‐3p reversed the progression. MYO6 was validated as a target for miR‐143‐3p, and MYO6 overexpression reversed the effects of miR‐143‐3p mimic on OSCC cells.ConclusionLncRNA UCA1 contributes to the proliferation and metastasis of OSCC cells by targeting miR‐143‐3p and upregulating its downstream gene MYO6. UCA1 could serve as a promising novel target therapy for treatment of OSCC.
Oncolytic virotherapy in hepato‐bilio‐pancreatic cancer: The key to breaking the log jam?
Authors: Li Yuwei , Shen Yinan , Zhao Ronghua , Samudio Ismael , Jia William , Bai Xueli , Liang Tingbo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTraditional therapies have limited efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and biliary tract cancer, especially for advanced and refractory cancers. Through a deeper understanding of antitumor immunity and the tumor microenvironment, novel immunotherapies are becoming available for cancer treatment. Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy is an emerging type of immunotherapy that has demonstrated effective antitumor efficacy in many preclinical studies and clinical studies. Thus, it may represent a potential feasible treatment for hard to treat gastrointestinal (GI) tumors. Here, we summarize the research progress of OV therapy for the treatment of hepato‐bilio‐pancreatic cancers. In general, most OV therapies exhibits potent, specific oncolysis both in cell lines in vitro and the animal models in vivo. Currently, several clinical trials have suggested that OV therapy may also be effective in patients with refractory hepato‐bilio‐pancreatic cancer. Multiple strategies such as introducing immunostimulatory genes, modifying virus capsid and combining various other therapeutic modalities have been shown enhanced specific oncolysis and synergistic anti‐cancer immune stimulation. Combining OV with other antitumor therapies may become a more effective strategy than using virus alone. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of OV, and to design appropriate dosing and combination strategies.
Evolution of a longitudinal, multidisciplinary, and scalable patient navigation matrix model
Authors: Corbett Cheyenne M. , Somers Tamara J. , Nuñez Christine M. , Majestic Catherine M. , Shelby Rebecca A. , Worthy Valarie C. , Barrett Nadine J. , Patierno Steven R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis Longitudinal patient navigation Matrix Model was developed to overcome barriers across the cancer care continuum by offering prepatients, patients, and their families with support services. The extraordinary heterogeneity of patient needs during cancer screening, risk assessment, treatment, and survivorship as well as the vast heterogeneity of oncology care settings make it nearly impossible to follow a static navigation model. Our model of patient cancer navigation is unique as it enhances the traditional model by being highly adaptable based on both patient and family needs and scalable based on institutional needs and resources (eg, clinical volumes, financial resources, and community‐based resources). This relatively new operational model for system‐wide and systematic navigation incorporates a carefully cultivated supportive care program that evolved over the last decade from a bottom up approach that identified patient and family needs and developed appropriate resources. A core component of this model includes shifting away from department‐centric operations. This model does not require a patient to opt in or independently be able to report their needs or ask for services—it is an opt out model. The multidisciplinary “cross‐training” model can also facilitate reimbursement and sustainability by clarifying the differentiating actions that define navigation services: identification of barriers to quality care and specific actions taken to overcome those barriers, across the full continue of cancer care from community engagement to survivorship or end‐of‐life care.
Understanding supervisee nondisclosures in supervision with videorecording review and interpersonal process recall
Authors: Foskett Allison J. , Van Vliet K. Jessica 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to obtain an in‐depth understanding of supervisees' in‐the‐moment nondisclosure experiences, perceptions and internal processes as they occurred in clinical supervision involving videorecording review. The supervisees who participated in the study were students in their first year of a master's‐level counselling practicum in Western Canada. Utilising interpersonal process recall (IPR) interview methods, supervisees were asked to share their moment‐by‐moment nondisclosures that occurred during a recent videorecorded supervision session in which the supervisory dyad reviewed a videorecording of the supervisee's clinical work. Thematic analysis across cases yielded five overarching themes: (a) validation; (b) safety; (c) growth and accomplishment; (d) performance anxiety; and (e) avoidance. The findings revealed a broad range of positive and negative supervisee nondisclosures that were influenced by the supervision modality of videorecording review and the IPR interview. Implications for clinical supervision, limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Eosinophilic ulcer mimicking malignancy of the lower lip: A case report
Authors: Rahmatpour Rokni Ghasem , Sonthalia Sidharth , Rathod Dipali , Lotti Torello , Goldust Mohamad 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEosinophilic ulcer (EU) is a rare self‐limiting chronic benign lesion of the oral mucosa. It is an uncommon and benign disease, which may leading to diagnostic difficulties. Biopsy is recommended to rule out any malignant etiology.
A Janus‐type Heterogeneous Surfactant for Adipic Acid Synthesis
Authors: Vafaeezadeh Majid , Wilhelm Christian , Breuninger Paul , Ernst Stefan , Antonyuk Sergiy , Thiel Werner R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA highly water‐dispersible heterogeneous Brønsted acid surfactant was prepared by synthesis of a bi‐functional anisotropic Janus‐type material. The catalyst comprises ionic functionalities on one side and propyl‐SO3H groups on the other. The novel material was investigated as a green substitute of a homogeneous acidic phase transfer catalyst (PTC). The activity of the catalyst was investigated for the aqueous‐phase oxidation of cyclohexene to adipic acid with 30 % hydrogen peroxide even in a decagram‐scale. It can also be used for the synthesis of some other carboxylic acid derivatives as well as diethyl phthalate.
Tuning Surface Electronic Structure of Two‐Dimensional Cobalt‐Based Hydroxide Nanosheets for Highly Efficient Water Oxidation
Authors: Qiao Chen , Rafai Souleymen , Cao Tai , Wang Zhitao , Wang Haoyu , Zhu Youqi , Ma Xilan , Xu Pengcheng , Cao Chuanbao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHighly exposing active sites and well tuning their electronic configuration are great challenges toward highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate an in situ surface modification strategy for α and β‐Co(OH)2 nanosheets to boost their OER activities via a simple substitution of their surface hydroxyl functional groups by carboxylate or acetic anhydridate ones, respectively. This in situ surface modification can increase the areal densities of active sites and reduce the OER energy barriers while maintaining initial structure and morphology. Experimental results show that the modified catalysts can present much larger electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) and lower OER onset overpotential in comparison with the fresh ones. In case of carboxylate‐modified α‐Co(OH)2 nanosheets, the onset overpotential has decreased from 266 to 233 mV and the required overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 has decreased from 309 to 288 mV on glassy carbon electrode. Density of states (DOS) calculations reveal an optimized adsorption energy of reaction intermediates. Remarkably, tuning surface electronic structure of catalyst by appropriately choosing highly electronegative functional groups can be considered as an efficient approach to enhance its OER activity.
Cause‐specific mortality in survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer
Authors: Armenian Saro H. , Xu Lanfang , Cannavale Kimberly L. , Wong F. Lennie , Bhatia Smita , Chao Chun 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundFew studies have adequately addressed long‐term survival (>20 years from diagnosis) among survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancers.MethodsIn this retrospective, population‐based cohort study in a US integrated health care system, the authors examined cause‐specific mortality in 2‐year survivors of AYA cancers (patients aged 15‐39 years who were diagnosed between 1990 and 2012; N = 10,574) matched (by age, sex, and calendar year) to individuals without cancer (N = 136,683) to determine whether mortality rates changed over time. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for mortality were estimated using multivariable Poisson regression. A multivariable Cox model was used to examine predictors of cause‐specific mortality among AYA cancer survivors.ResultsThrough December 31, 2014, 1352 deaths were observed among AYA cancer survivors, yielding an overall survival rate of 78.5% at 25 years after diagnosis. Overall, AYA cancer survivors were at 10.4‐fold increased risk for death (95% CI, 9.7‐fold to 11.2‐fold increased risk for death) compared with the matched noncancer cohort, and this risk remained elevated at >20 years after diagnosis (IRR, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.0‐4.3). The absolute excess risk for death from any cause was 12.7 per 1000 person‐years (95% CI, 11.9‐13.4 per 1000 person‐years). Starting at 15 years after diagnosis, the incidence of second cancer‐related mortality exceeded the rate of recurrence‐related mortality, and similar trends were observed for deaths from other health‐related conditions. The 8‐year cumulative incidence of mortality declined over time (before 2000, 12.6%; 2000‐2006, 10.1%; after 2006, 7.3%; P < .001), largely because of declines in recurrence‐related mortality. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, cancer stage at diagnosis, and cancer treatment predicted cause‐specific mortality.ConclusionsThe current data highlight the need for specialized, long‐term follow‐up care for AYA cancer survivors.
The complete chloroplast genome of Myriophyllum spicatum reveals a 4‐kb inversion and new insights regarding plastome evolution in Haloragaceae
Authors: Liao Yi‐Ying , Liu Yu , Liu Xing , Lü Tian‐Feng , Mbichi Ruth Wambui , Wan Tao , Liu Fan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMyriophyllum, among the most species‐rich genera of aquatic angiosperms with ca. 68 species, is an extensively distributed hydrophyte lineage in the cosmopolitan family Haloragaceae. The chloroplast (cp) genome is useful in the study of genetic evolution, phylogenetic analysis, and molecular dating of controversial taxa. Here, we sequenced and assembled the whole chloroplast genome of Myriophyllum spicatum L. and compared it to other species in the order Saxifragales. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of M. spicatum is 158,858 bp long and displays a quadripartite structure with two inverted repeats (IR) separating the large single copy (LSC) region from the small single copy (SSC) region. Based on sequence identification and the phylogenetic analysis, a 4‐kb phylogenetically informative inversion between trnE‐trnC in Myriophyllum was determined, and we have placed this inversion on a lineage specific to Myriophyllum and its close relatives. The divergence time estimation suggested that the trnE‐trnC inversion possibly occurred between the upper Cretaceous (72.54 MYA) and middle Eocene (47.28 MYA) before the divergence of Myriophyllum from its most recent common ancestor. The unique 4‐kb inversion might be caused by an occurrence of nonrandom recombination associated with climate changes around the K‐Pg boundary, making it interesting for future evolutionary investigations.
Conditional female strategies influence hatching success in a communally nesting iguana
Authors: Moss Jeanette B. , Gerber Glenn P. , Laaser Tanja , Goetz Matthias , Oyog TayVanis , Welch Mark E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe decision of females to nest communally has important consequences for reproductive success. While often associated with reduced energetic expenditure, conspecific aggregations also expose females and offspring to conspecific aggression, exploitation, and infanticide. Intrasexual competition pressures are expected to favor the evolution of conditional strategies, which could be based on simple decision rules (i.e., availability of nesting sites and synchronicity with conspecifics) or on a focal individual's condition or status (i.e., body size). Oviparous reptiles that reproduce seasonally and provide limited to no postnatal care provide ideal systems for disentangling social factors that influence different female reproductive tactics from those present in offspring‐rearing environments. In this study, we investigated whether nesting strategies in a West Indian rock iguana, Cyclura nubila caymanensis, vary conditionally with reproductive timing or body size, and evaluated consequences for nesting success. Nesting surveys were conducted on Little Cayman, Cayman Islands, British West Indies for four consecutive years. Use of high‐density nesting sites was increasingly favored up to seasonal nesting activity peaks, after which nesting was generally restricted to low‐density nesting areas. Although larger females were not more likely than smaller females to nest in high‐density areas, larger females nested earlier and gained access to priority oviposition sites. Smaller females constructed nests later in the season, apparently foregoing investment in extended nest defense. Late‐season nests were also constructed at shallower depths and exhibited shorter incubation periods. While nest depth and incubation length had significant effects on reproductive outcomes, so did local nest densities. Higher densities were associated with significant declines in hatching success, with up to 20% of egg‐filled nests experiencing later intrusion by a conspecific. Despite these risks, nests in high‐density areas were significantly more successful than elsewhere due to the benefits of greater chamber depths and longer incubation times. These results imply that communal nest sites convey honest signals of habitat quality, but that gaining and defending priority oviposition sites requires competitive ability.