bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Acute Hemolytic Anemia Severity Through Computational Analysis of G6PDChatham Variant: Designing a New Activator as a Potential Drug
Authors: Alakbaree Maysaa , Suleiman Mustapha , Hashim Abdulsalam Abbas , Al-Hili Ahmed , Shamsir Omar Mohd Shahir , Hasan Ali Farah , Ab Latif Nurriza , Ahmed Hamza Muaawia , Amran Syazwani Itri 
Published: December 2024

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD) is a major enzymatic disease affecting human red blood cells (RBCs), causing hemolytic anemia due to the diminish of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) synthesis and altered redox balance within erythrocytes. This study sought to correct the defect in G6PDChatham (Ala355Thr) caused by the loss of interactions (hydrogen bonds and salt bridges) by docking the AG1 molecule at the dimer interface, thus restoring these lost interactions. The enzyme conformation was then analyzed before and after AG1 binding using molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). The reasons behind the severity of acute hemolytic anemia (AHA) were explained using several parameters, such as root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF), hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, radius of gyration (Rg), solvent accessible surface area (SASA), and covariance matrix analysis. Structural alterations in G6PDChatham, including the absence of interactions in a key region of the variant structure, can significantly impact protein stability and function, subsequently contributing to disease severity. Upon AG1 binding, these missing interactions were resorted to correct the structural defect of the variant. This restoration improves dimer stability and restores G6PD function. To develop new G6PD activators, several new analogues (SY7, SY8, SY9, and SY10) were rationally developed by substituting the linker region of the AG1 structure with other functional groups using the Avogadro software. These compounds were successfully synthesized and docked with G6PDChatham where the best binding affinity ranged between -8.0 and -9.1 kcal/mol. SY8, a promising G6PD activator, is predicted to be easily metabolized and excreted, making it less likely to cause toxicity. Its high drug score, drug-likeness, and favorable safety profile make it a strong candidate for synthesis and cellular testing. The toxicity risk assessment supported the overall drug score, increasing confidence in finding additional small-molecule activators for G6PDD disorder. Amidst the absence of effective treatments, such discovery hopes to improve the lives of those with AHA by assisting the development of appropriate pharmaceuticals for G6PDD.
Phaeochromocytoma mimicking acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Ackfeld Theresa , Beuret Hadrien , Mosar Francesca , Cook Stephane 
Published: December 2024

Phaeochromocytomas are rare catecholamine-secreting tumours, usually benign, originating from chromaffin cells of the adrenal glands. Their typical presentation includes the triad of headaches, sweating and tachycardia due to excessive catecholamine release. However, many patients do not exhibit all three symptoms, making diagnosis challenging. A significant proportion of cases (around 40%) are linked to genetic disorders. Cardiac complications, including life-threatening events, are common.This report details the case of a 43-year-old woman presenting with chest pain, headaches and diaphoresis. Initial ECG showed an anterolateral ST-elevation myocardial infarction pattern, but coronary angiography revealed no arterial disease. The left ventricular angiogram indicated apical ballooning. Elevated blood pressure prompted suspicion of phaeochromocytoma, which was confirmed through positive metanephrine tests.The tumour, located in the right adrenal gland, was successfully removed laparoscopically, and pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis.Phaeochromocytoma should be suspected in patients with unexplained myocardial infarction, labile hypertension and normal coronary arteries, as beta-blockers can be harmful if used in untreated cases.
Advancement in predictive biomarkers for gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosis and related outcomes: a scoping review
Authors: Rathnayake Hasini , Han Luhao , da Silva Costa Fabrício , Paganoti Cristiane , Dyer Brett , Kundur Avinash , Singh Indu , Holland Olivia J 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disorder associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. While GDM is diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance testing between 24–28 weeks, earlier prediction of risk of developing GDM via circulating biomarkers has the potential to risk-stratify women and implement targeted risk reduction before adverse obstetric outcomes. This scoping review aims to collate biomarkers associated with GDM development, associated perinatal outcome and medication requirement in GDM.DesignThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for scoping reviews was used to guide the study.Data sourcesThis review searched for articles on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and the Web of Science from January 2013 to February 2023.Eligibility criteriaThe eligibility criteria included analytical observational studies published in English, focusing on pregnant women with maternal plasma or serum biomarkers collected between 6 and 24 weeks of gestation. Studies were excluded if they evaluated drug effects, non-GDM diabetes types or involved twin pregnancies, microbiota, genetic analyses or non-English publications.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers extracted data. One reviewer extracted data from papers included in the scoping review using Covidence. From the 8837 retrieved records, 137 studies were included.ResultsA total of 278 biomarkers with significant changes in individuals with GDM compared with controls were identified. The univariate predictive biomarkers exhibited insufficient clinical sensitivity and specificity for predicting GDM, perinatal outcomes, and the necessity of medication. Multivariable models combining maternal risk factors with biomarkers provided more accurate detection but required validation for use in clinical settings.ConclusionThis review recommends further research integrating novel omics technology for building accurate models for predicting GDM, perinatal outcome, and the necessity of medication while considering the optimal testing time.
Processes of obstetrical care and outcomes among Ontario physicians versus non-physicians: a population-based study
Authors: Simpson Andrea N , Sutradhar Rinku , McArthur Eric , Cusimano Maria C , Baxter Nancy N 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveWe compared processes of antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum care and obstetrical outcomes between physicians and non-physicians.DesignThis is a population-based retrospective matched cohort study.SettingThe study was conducted in Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsPhysicians and non-physicians residing in high-income urban areas from 1 April 2009 to 26 November 2018 were included. Physicians were matched to non-physicians on maternal age, calendar year, parity, conception by assisted reproductive technology and singleton versus multifetal gestation. We compared processes of antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum care between physicians and non-physicians.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was mode of delivery (caesarean section, C-section vs vaginal delivery). Secondary outcomes included obstetrical anal sphincter injury among those experiencing vaginal birth and differences in urgent healthcare contacts (maternal and neonatal) during the postpartum period.Results7327 physicians were matched 1:5 to 36 185 non-physicians and were well balanced except for comorbidities (physicians had fewer comorbidities). Physicians had more antenatal ultrasounds and invasive prenatal testing, received labour anaesthesia more often and were more often delivered by their own care provider. In adjusted analyses, physicians and non-physicians had a similar risk of C-section (aRR 0.97, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.00, p=0.07). There was no difference in neonatal urgent care contacts; non-physicians had a higher risk of maternal urgent postpartum care (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.22, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.37, p<0.0001).ConclusionsPhysicians and non-physicians of similar age and with similar pregnancy characteristics had a comparable rate of C-section, which may be related to a lack of cost drivers for C-section in Ontario.
Unveiling Poncet Disease: A Rare Presentation with Multiple Tubercular Foci in the Hand and Spine of an Older Patient: A Case Report
Authors: HASHIMOTO Kazuhiko , MORI Shigeshi , IKEDA Terumasa , GOTO Koji 
Published: December 2024

Poncet disease (PD) is a rare form of reactive polyarthritis associated with acute tuberculosis (TB). Multiple TB foci are rare in PD, particularly on the hands. Herein, we describe a case of PD with foci in the trapezium and spine of a 76-year-old man. His medical history included knee arthritis as well as hand and lumbar pain. Radiography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed lytic lesions in the trapezium and spine, which were suspected to be caused by TB infection. An open biopsy of the trapezium and spine was performed. The biopsy results revealed dry necrosis and epithelioid granulation. The diagnosis of PD was made, and the patient was referred to a TB specialty hospital. Our results highlight the importance of considering PD in older patients with multiple TB foci, especially on the hands. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
The Chromatic Number of Kneser Hypergraphs via Consensus Division
Authors: Haviv Ishay 
Published: December 2024

We show that the Consensus Division theorem implies lower bounds on the chromatic number of Kneser hypergraphs, offering a novel proof for a result of Alon, Frankl, and Lovász and for its generalization by Kříž. Our approach is applied to study the computational complexity of the total search problem
Kneser

p

, which given a succinct representation of a coloring of a
p
-uniform Kneser hypergraph with fewer colors than its chromatic number asks to find a monochromatic hyperedge. We prove that for every prime
p
, the
Kneser

p

problem with an extended access to the input coloring is efficiently reducible to a quite weak approximation of the Consensus Division problem with
p
shares. In particular, for
p
=2, the problem is efficiently reducible to
any non-trivial
approximation of the Consensus Halving problem on normalized monotone functions. We further show that for every prime
p
, the
Kneser

p

problem lies in the complexity class
PPA
-p
. As an application, we establish limitations on the complexity of the
Kneser

p

problem, restricted to colorings with a bounded number of colors.
Revealing the Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells in Burn Healing: A Deeper Understanding of the Therapeutic Mechanisms of Epidermal Stem Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Lu Jianyu , Zhang Wei , Zhu Yushu , Luo Pengfei , Tong Xirui , Xie Sujie , Jiang Luofeng , Guo Xinya , Huang Jie , Gu Minyi , Ding Xinran , Xian Shuyuan , Huang Runzhi , Ji Shizhao , Xia Zhaofan 
Published: December 2024

Background: Burns are a global public health issue and a major cause of disability and death around the world. Stem cells, which are the undifferentiated cells with the potential for indefinite proliferation and multilineage differentiation, have the ability to replace injured skin and facilitate the wound repair process through paracrine mechanisms. In light of this, the present study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis in order to identify research hotspots of stem cell–related burns and assess global research tendencies.Methods: To achieve this objective, we retrieved scientific publications on burns associated with stem cells covering the period from January 1, 1978, to October 13, 2022, from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Bibliometric analyses, including production and collaboration analyses between countries, institutions, authors, and journals, as well as keyword and topic analyses, were conducted using the bibliometrix R package, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer.Results: A total of 1648 burns associated with stem cell documents were published and listed on WOSCC. The most contributive country, institution, journal, and author were the United States, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Burns, and Scheffer C.G. Tseng, respectively. More importantly, combined with historical direct citation network, trend topic analysis, keyword co‐occurrence network, and substantial literature analysis, we eventually summarized the research hotspots and frontiers on burns associated stem cell reasearch.Conclusion: The present study obtained deep insight into the developing trends and research hotspots on burns associated with stem cells, which arouses growing concerns and implies increasing clinical implications. The mechanism and therapeutics of epidermal stem cells (ESCs) for burn wounds and the mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC‐derived exosomes for burns wounds are two research hotspots in this field.
Data from Targeting SHCBP1 Inhibits Tumor Progression by Restoring Ciliogenesis in Ductal Carcinoma
Authors: Shi Wengui , Li Lianshun , Zhao Huiming , Li Zhengyang , Ma Zhijian , Gu Qianlin , Ye Huili , Jiang Xiangyan , Dong Yuman , Qin Long , Zhou Huinian , Yu Zeyuan , Jiao Zuoyi 
Published: December 2024

<div>Abstract<p>Primary cilia detect and transmit environmental signals into cells. Primary cilia are absent in a subset of ductal carcinomas characterized by distinctive biological activities, and recovery of cilia with normal functionality has been shown to have therapeutic potential in some cancer types. Therefore, elucidation of the underlying mechanism and clinical significance of ciliary loss in ductal carcinomas could help develop effective treatment strategies. Here, we identified a link between Shc1-binding protein (SHCBP1) and cilia in ductal carcinomas. Shcbp1 knockout in transgenic mice profoundly impeded tumor progression and metastasis, prolonging survival. Single-cell transcriptome analysis revealed a functional connection between SHCBP1 deficiency and increased tumor ciliogenesis. SHCBP1 ablation restored ciliogenesis in unciliated ductal carcinoma by promoting the proximity between the midbody remnant (MBR) and centrosome through enhanced Rab8 GTPase activity and Rab8<sup>GTP</sup> positioning within the MBR. Inhibition of tumor progression by SHCBP1 loss relied on the recovery of ciliogenesis. Analysis of a large cohort of patients with ductal carcinoma revealed a negative correlation between SHCBP1-induced ciliary loss and patient prognosis. Restoring ciliogenesis via SHCBP1 ablation elicited therapeutic effects in patient-derived xenograft models. Together, this study delineates that induction of MBR-centrosome proximity through SHCBP1-deficiency reactivates ciliogenesis, offering unique opportunities for the treatment of unciliated ductal carcinomas.</p><p><b>Significance:</b> SHCBP1 depletion rescues tumor ciliogenesis by enhancing Rab8 GTPase activity to restore the proximity of the midbody remnant to the centrosome, which impedes progression of ductal carcinomas and suggests potential therapeutic strategies.</p></div>
Engineering of Generative Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing Models to Accurately Identify Arrhythmia Recurrence
Authors: Feng Ruibin , Brennan Kelly A. , Azizi Zahra , Goyal Jatin , Deb Brototo , Chang Hui Ju , Ganesan Prasanth , Clopton Paul , Pedron Maxime , Ruipérez-Campillo Samuel , Desai Yaanik B. , De Larochellière Hugo , Baykaner Tina , Perez Marco V. , Rodrigo Miguel , Rogers Albert J. , Narayan Sanjiv M. 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Large language models (LLMs) such as Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) excel at interpreting unstructured data from public sources, yet are limited when responding to queries on private repositories, such as electronic health records (EHRs). We hypothesized that prompt engineering could enhance the accuracy of LLMs for interpreting EHR data without requiring domain knowledge, thus expanding their utility for patients and personalized diagnostics.

METHODS:
We designed and systematically tested prompt engineering techniques to improve the ability of LLMs to interpret EHRs for nuanced diagnostic questions, referenced to a panel of medical experts. In 490 full-text EHR notes from 125 patients with prior life-threatening heart rhythm disorders, we asked GPT-4-turbo to identify recurrent arrhythmias distinct from prior events and tested 220 563 queries. To provide context, results were compared with rule-based natural language processing and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer-based language models. Experiments were repeated for 2 additional LLMs.

RESULTS:

In an independent hold-out set of 389 notes, GPT-4-turbo had a balanced accuracy of 64.3%±4.7% out-of-the-box at baseline. This increased when asking GPT-4-turbo to provide a rationale for its answers, a structured data output, and in-context exemplars, to a balanced accuracy of 91.4%±3.8% (
P
<0.05). This surpassed the traditional logic-based natural language processing and BERT-based models (
P
<0.05). Results were consistent for GPT-3.5-turbo and Jurassic-2 LLMs.

CONCLUSIONS:
The use of prompt engineering strategies enables LLMs to identify clinical end points from EHRs with an accuracy that surpassed natural language processing and approximated experts, yet without the need for expert knowledge. These approaches could be applied to LLM queries for other domains, to facilitate automated analysis of nuanced data sets with high accuracy by nonexperts.
Review of the literature on the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in vascular malformations.
Authors: Achiti A. , Seinturier C. , Blaise S. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction Vascular malformations (VascM) are difficult to diagnose and manage because of their heterogeneous presentations. Ultrasound represents the first imaging exam for patients with vascular malformations. In some cases, additional and sometimes functional imaging will be necessary to confirm the diagnosis or to highlight a vascular network of drainage. Doppler ultrasound could be not enough and a certain number of complementary examinations are then required. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is used in current practice in the vascular field and in particular the monitoring of aortic stents. Method We present here the interest of using CEUS in VascM through a review of the literature. The search was carried out from Pubmed from 1975 to 2023 using the following keywords « vascular malformation » and « contrast enhanced ultrasound » / « venous malformation” and “contrast enhanced ultrasound”/ “venous malformation and contrast enhanced ultrasound”. Results The first search found 887 articles. Among them, 124 articles were retained after the selection of the formats. After reading the abstracts, only 9 articles were retained due to the non-selection of articles dealing with other explorations or irrelevance, as they did not deal with vascular malformation. At the end, 17 articles were selected. Discussion and conclusion CEUS allows very usefull dynamic analysis of the perfusion in the diagnosis of VascM . CEUS with time analysis is a promising imaging method for the evaluation of perfusion before and after percutaneous treatment of vascular malformations. Area under the curve reduction indicates therapy-induced changes in perfusion. Nevertheless, CEUS is not yet a standardized test for diagnosing or characterizing peripheral vascular malformations. However, its safety allows it to be used for the diagnosis and even the follow up of the VascM. Unfortunately, we haven’t been able to find any randomized studies comparing CESU with other techniques.
Metformin efficacy and safety as an adjunctive treatment for irritability in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Bazrafshan Zahra , Mohammadi Parsa , Hasanzadeh Alireza , Sanjari Moghaddam Mohammad , Kabiri Maryam , Sanjari Moghaddam Hossein , Abdolghaffari Amir Hossein , Mohammadi Mohammad-Reza , Akhondzadeh Shahin 
Published: December 2024

Background: Antidiabetic medications have shown efficacy in alleviating autism symptoms. However, there is a lack of clinical research on the impact of metformin on irritability associated with autism. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of metformin as an adjuvant therapy with risperidone for managing irritability in children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Methods: This is a randomized, 10-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the children’s autism clinic of Roozbeh Hospital (Tehran, Iran) from March 2024 to May 2024. Participants were divided into two groups of risperidone plus metformin (500 mg per day) and risperidone plus placebo and were assessed at baseline, weeks 5 and 10 with the aberrant behavior checklist-community scale (ABC-C). Results: A total of 55 patients were included in the final analysis. Irritability (primary outcome measure) sharply decreased in the metformin compared to the placebo group ( p = 0.008). Among the other four subscales of ABC-C, the hyperactivity/noncompliance score showed a significant drop during the baseline-to-week-5 period ( p = 0.021). In addition, inappropriate speech subscales decreased significantly from baseline-to-week 5 in the metformin compared to the placebo group ( p = 0.045). No other significant finding was observed among ABC-C scores for lethargy/social withdrawal or stereotypic behavior subscales. Conclusion: Metformin demonstrated promising results in reducing irritability in ASD patients, which is in concordance with previous studies. However, further studies are required before any broad clinical recommendation.
The effect of wearing a weight belt on one-repetition maximum for the parallel back squat and its relation to performance measures
Authors: Enoki Shota , Shiba Junpei , Hakozaki Taisei , Kuzuhara Kenji 
Published: December 2024

Background The use of a weight belt reportedly increases intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), which, in turn, increases the one repetition maximum (RM) of squatting. However, the effect of a weight belt on 1RM of squatting, and the correlation between 1RM with and without a weight belt and athletic performance is unclear. Objective This study aimed to determine the effect of using a weight belt on the 1RM for parallel back squats (BSQs), and to examine the relationship between 1RM and 1RM/body weight (BW) with and without a weight belt and performance measures. Methods This cross-sectional study included 26 male college athletes. The 1RM for BSQs with and without a weight belt, and its correlations with performance tests, such as the 30-m sprint, 505 agility test, and vertical jump (VJ), were assessed. The 1RM for parallel BSQs was measured by a certified strength and conditioning specialist. Results The 1RM for BSQs with the weight belt (116.35 ± 18.03 kg) was significantly higher than without the weight belt (113.56 ± 17.48 kg, mean difference = 2.79 ± 6.13 kg [95%CI, 0.314–5.266], p = 0.029). A significant correlation was only found between the 1RM/BW for BSQs without a weight belt and VJ height ( p = 0.045, r = 0.396 [95%CI, 0.010–0.697]). Conclusions Use of a weight belt improves the 1RM of the parallel BSQ, although the relationship between 1RM/BW of parallel squats and other performance metrics might be slightly masked when a belt is used during measurement of squat strength.