bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time trends in the prevalence of breastfeeding among schoolchildren from public and private schools in Florianópolis, Southern Brazil: From 2002 to 2013
Authors: Wagner Katia Jakovljevic Pudla , de Fragas Hinnig Patrícia , Rossi Camila E. , de Almeida Alves Mariane , Leite Mauricio S. , de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos Francisco 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe breastfeeding trends from 2002 to 2012/2013, and to investigate whether breastfeeding practices differ between mothers of children in public and private schools.MethodsData were obtained from three school‐based cross‐sectional studies conducted with 7 to 10 years old children. The total sample was 7264 individuals. Data related to breastfeeding were analyzed descriptively and compared using the chi‐square test for heterogeneity or trend.ResultsIn the 10‐year period was observed a decrease in the total percentage of schoolchildren who were not breastfed (12.9%‐10.5%) and an increase in the percentage of schoolchildren breastfed for >12 months (23.9%‐36.7%). In public schools, the increase of breastfeeding for >12 months was independent of maternal age and years of schooling. In private schools, the increase was observed for schoolchildren born to older mothers and to more educated mothers, although the highest percentage was observed for schoolchildren born to less educated mothers.ConclusionsThe results confirm the complexity of determining breastfeeding behaviors, and understanding these dynamics is fundamental to develop and improve programs and actions aimed at encouraging, supporting, and protecting breastfeeding. However, strategies developed in Brazil during the first decade of the 21st century should explain the increase of proportion of breastfed children for more than 12 months, and the concomitant decrease of never breastfeed children in the city of Florianopolis (Southern Brazil).
Carbazole‐Based N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes for the Promotion of Copper‐Catalyzed Palladium‐Free Homo‐/Hetero‐Coupling of Alkynes and Sonogashira Reactions
Authors: Ramsingh Girase Tejpalsingh , Bhilare Shatrughn , Sankar Murthy Bandaru Siva , Chrysochos Nicolas , Schulzke Carola , Sanghvi Yogesh S. , Kapdi Anant R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlkynes are useful synthetic building blocks that occur in many naturally occurring molecules and have the potential to be easily modified for further natural products and drug synthesis applications. Given the‐versatility of the alkyne functionality,‐various synthetic methods (mostly palladium‐based) are known in the literature, allowing the installation to take place under different reaction conditions. A single catalytic system (without Pd) however, if developed could provide a single point solution for the installation of the alkyne moiety and keeping this in mind, we report herein a highly active palladium‐free Cu/carbazole‐based NHC catalyst system allowing homocoupling and heterocoupling of alkynes at ambient temperature. Using a combination of Cu/NHC‐catalyzed homocoupling/deprotection/heterocoupling sequence tetraynes have also been synthesized in good yields. The Cu/NHC catalyst system was also able to catalyze a palladium‐free Sonogashira reaction of synthetically useful nucleosides.
Subsistence strategy was the main factor driving population differentiation in the bidirectional corridor of the African Sahel
Authors: Nováčková Jana , Čížková Martina , Mokhtar Mohammed G. , Duda Pavel , Stenzl Vlastimil , Tříska Petr , Hofmanová Zuzana , Černý Viktor 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe Sahel belt is occupied by populations who use two types of subsistence strategy, nomadic pastoralism and sedentary farming, and who belong to three linguistic families, Niger‐Congo, Nilo‐Saharan, and Afro‐Asiatic. Little is known, however, about the origins of these two populations and their mutual genetic relationships.Materials and MethodsWe have built a large dataset of mitochondrial DNA sequences and Y chromosomal STR haplotypes of pastoralists and farmers belonging to all three linguistic phyla in the western, central, and eastern parts of the Sahel. We calculated pairwise genetic, geographic, and linguistic distances between populations and analyzed the effects of geography, language, and subsistence on population genetic structure.ResultsWe found that subsistence mode significantly contributed to the generally low population structure in the Sahel and that language affiliation plays a more important role for pastoralists than for farmers. We also demonstrated that geographic isolation significantly influenced the population structure of sedentary farmers but not of nomadic pastoralists. Finally, we found haplotypes shared between the Fulani and Arabic‐speaking Baggara, supporting the theory of Baggarization, which explains the recent adaptation of Arabic‐speaking nomads in the Sahel region through contact with autochthonous sub‐Saharan populations.ConclusionsBased on various genetic and archaeological evidence pertaining to the Sahel, we suggest that the idea of a bidirectional Sahelian corridor is valid, but that pastoralists made a more important contribution to its population structure. It is also possible that agropastoralists diverged into farmers and pastoralists in the early stages of formation of the Sahelian gene pool.
Mixed Metal–Organic Framework with Multiple Binding Sites for Efficient C2H2/CO2Separation
Authors: Gao Junkuo , Qian Xuefeng , Lin Rui‐Biao , Krishna Rajamani , Wu Hui , Zhou Wei , Chen Banglin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe separation of C2H2/CO2is particularly challenging owing to their similarities in physical properties and molecular sizes. Reported here is a mixed metal–organic framework (M′MOF), [Fe(pyz)Ni(CN)4] (FeNi‐M′MOF, pyz=pyrazine), with multiple functional sites and compact one‐dimensional channels of about 4.0 Å for C2H2/CO2separation. This MOF shows not only a remarkable volumetric C2H2uptake of 133 cm3 cm−3, but also an excellent C2H2/CO2selectivity of 24 under ambient conditions, resulting in the second highest C2H2‐capture amount of 4.54 mol L−1, thus outperforming most previous benchmark materials. The separation performance of this material is driven by π–π stacking and multiple intermolecular interactions between C2H2molecules and the binding sites ofFeNi‐M′MOF. This material can be facilely synthesized at room temperature and is water stable, highlightingFeNi‐M′MOFas a promising material for C2H2/CO2separation.
New functionalization of graphene oxide with N2O2ligand for efficient loading of Cu nanostructures as a heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the synthesis of β‐hydroxy‐1,2,3‐triazoles
Authors: Rakhshanipour Mansoureh , Eshghi Hossein , Bakavoli Mehdi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA new and heterogeneous copper complex immobilized on graphene oxide (GO) was prepared. This was achieved through organic functionalization of GO using 1,8‐diamino‐3,6‐dioxaoctane (DADO) and then inorganic coordination of copper on the edges and basal plane of the functionalized GO (GO‐DADO‐Cu), which was reduced to Cu(0). The chemical structure of the prepared nanocatalyst was analyzed using various techniques. Most of the analyses confirmed the successful anchoring of copper and organic ligand on the GO surface. Moreover, the synthesized nanocatalyst has shown high catalytic activity in the synthesis of β‐hydroxy‐1,2,3‐triazole derivatives under mild reaction conditions (water and room temperature) resulting in good to excellent yields.
Electrical properties of nitric acid and DMSO treated PEDOT:PSS/n‐Si hybrid heterostructures for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Anitha R. , Menon Sumithra S. , Bhalerao Gopalkrishna , Siddham Pradeep , Baskar K. , Singh Shubra 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTOrganic/inorganic heterostructures are an emerging and interesting field of research for optoelectronics. In this work, an efficient organic/inorganic hybrid heterojunction between PEDOT:PSS and n‐type Silicon has been fabricated for optoelectronic applications. Samples with varying thickness of PEDOT:PSS were prepared by spin coating technique and the electrical conductivity of organic layers was modified using DMSO as additive. Post fabrication, the hybrid heterostructures were treated with HNO3 vapor so as to enhance the conductivity of the organic layer. Surface treatment with HNO3 was found to lower the roughness of the organic layer and enhance the transparency of the layer. I–V characteristics reveal optimized behavior of HNO3 treated PEDOT:PSS layer with a low Ideality factor (n~3.2) and a barrier height (ΦB) of 0.8 eV. The findings of the study provide a promising efficient method to enhance the electrical and device properties of PEDOT:PSS/n‐Si heterostructures for optoelectronic applications. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48952.
Longitudinal distribution of uncommon fishes in a species‐rich basin
Authors: Miranda Leandro E. , Killgore Kenneth J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

The spatial organization of fishes in a river system was investigated to evaluate the longitudinal distribution of uncommon species. It was anticipated that overall richness of the fish community would increase in a downstream direction together with habitat extent, but that more uncommon species would occur upstream owing to greater heterogeneity among sites.
Fish were collected between 1995 and 2014 at 85 sites distributed throughout the Duck River Basin, Tennessee, USA. A site usually consisted of four habitat types: riffles, runs, pools and shoreline. Each habitat type was sampled with a multipass electrofishing protocol.
In all, 136 native fish species were collected. Of these, 71% were classified as uncommon but represented only 16% of the total count of fish collected. As expected, overall species richness increased downstream, but contrary to expectation, uncommon species did too. Some uncommon species were restricted exclusively to tributaries and headwaters, some to tributaries and mainstem, many to mainstem only, but the largest fraction of uncommon species occurred throughout the basin, but even this last group increased in richness downstream.
Conservation often focuses on uncommon species. This study suggests that a greater number of uncommon species can be conserved with an emphasis on large downstream reaches, which not only include more aquatic habitat to support larger concentrations of fish, but also shelter the uncommon species that tend to require the most protection.
Comparison of actual porcine tooth crown development stages and computer image analysis
Authors: Dai Xiaohua , Lian Xiaoli , Xiao Ling , Shang Jianwei , Zhang Le , Zhang Qingzhi , Wang Yue , Zou Huiru 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTooth developmental stage evaluation is important in dental and chronological age estimation, and it is important for accurate diagnoses and appropriate treatment in dental practice. It is routinely assessed by clinical observations and radiographic techniques. This study aimed at ascertaining tooth developmental stage judgments made by examiners and Mimics software according to the Nolla method with radiographs. Meanwhile, the true tooth developmental stages would be explored with histological analysis. Twenty freshly slaughtered porcine heads were collected and hemisected, and both the left and right mandibular samples were numbered. The developmental stages of the second and third permanent molars (M2 and M3) were evaluated by examiners and Mimics software analysis. The ratio of the radiopaque calcified area to the dental follicle (RCA/DF) at different stages was calculated. Both non‐decalcified and decalcified samples were processed for histologic observation. The results showed significant differences between RCA/DF ratios from different developmental stages. There was a high positive correlation between the examiners' evaluation results and Mimics analysis results. Radiograph judgments and histology observation results were consistent from Stages 2–6. However, radiograph images of Stage 1 samples showed only crypts present, while under a surgical operating microscope, a bell‐shaped tooth germ was observed. This was also confirmed by normal and hard tissue histology. In conclusion, radiograph judgments made by either examiners or Mimics software were both reliable. Mimics analysis can be a useful tool in evaluating tooth developmental stages. However, judgments need to be made cautiously in early developmental stages.
Association of the Polymorphism rs13259960 in SLEAR With Predisposition to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Fan Zhen , Chen Xiaowei , Liu Lu , Zhu Caihong , Xu Jinhua , Yin Xianyong , Sheng Yujun , Zhu Zhengwei , Wen Leilei , Zuo Xianbo , Zheng Xiaodong , Zhang Yaohua , Xu Jingkai , Huang He , Zhou Fusheng , Sun Liangdan , Luo Jianjun , Zhang Dongdong , Chen Xiaomin , Cui Ya , Hao Yajing , Cui Yong , Zhang Xuejun , Chen Runsheng 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveGenome‐wide association studies have identified many susceptibility loci for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, most of these loci are located in noncoding regions of the genome. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pervasively expressed and have been reported to be involved in various diseases. This study aimed to explore the genetic significance of lncRNAs in SLE.MethodsA genome‐wide survey of SLE risk variants in lncRNA gene loci was performed in Han Chinese subjects (4,556 with SLE and 9,451 healthy controls). The functional relevance of an SLE risk variant in one of the lncRNA genes was explored using biochemical and molecular cell biology analyses. In vitro loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function strategies were used to clarify the functional and phenotypic relevance of this SLE susceptibility lncRNA. Moreover, correlation of this lncRNA with the degree of apoptosis in the peripheral blood of SLE patients was evaluated.ResultsA novel SLE susceptibility locus in a lncRNA gene, designated SLEAR (for SLE‐associated RNA), was identified at the single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs13259960 (odds ratio 1.35, Pcombined = 1.03 × 10−11). The A>G variation at rs13259960, located in an intronic enhancer, was found to impair STAT1 recruitment to the enhancer that loops to the SLEAR promoter, resulting in decreased SLEAR production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with SLE (3 with the G/G genotype, 22 with A/G, and 103 with A/A at rs13259960; P = 0.0241). Moreover, SLEAR interacted with the RNA binding proteins interleukin enhancer binding factor 2, heterogeneous nuclear RNP F, and TATA‐binding protein–associated factor 15, to form a complex for transcriptional activation of the downstream antiapoptotic genes. In addition, SLEAR regulated apoptosis of Jurkat cells in vitro, and its expression level was correlated with the degree of cell death in the peripheral blood of patients with SLE (r = 0.824, P = 2.15 × 10−8; n = 30).ConclusionThese findings suggest a mechanism by which the risk variant at rs13259960 modulates SLEAR expression and confers a predisposition to SLE. Taken together, these results may give insights into the etiology of SLE.
Event‐triggered H‐infinity stabilization for singular systems with state delay
Authors: Du Zhaoping , Hu Songlin , Li Jianzhen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the problems of stability analysis, controller design, and H∞ control for singular systems with state delay and disturbance based on event‐triggered control. Firstly, the corresponding model of this system is proposed, taking into consideration issues of regular, impulse free, and stability. According to the model, the admissible condition is derived in terms of Lyapunov‐Krasovskii stability theory, and the co‐design method of the H∞ controller and event‐triggered scheme is also presented based on the above results. The presented method emphasizes the employment of event‐triggered control to a class of singular systems with time delay. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Output Feedback Fault‐Tolerant Control of Heterogeneous Multi‐Agent Systems
Authors: Yadegar Meysam , Meskin Nader 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the design of an output feedback fault‐tolerant control (FTC) scheme for heterogeneous multi‐agent systems subject to loss of effectiveness and time‐varying additive actuator faults as well as external disturbances. The main aim of the proposed FTC approach is to maintain the behavior of a multi‐agent system after the occurrence of faults and external disturbances similar to the desired healthy and undisturbed one. The proposed FTC scheme does not depend on the implemented mission of the multi‐agent systems and it can be easily augmented to the existing nominal controller of each agent. Simulation results corresponding to a team of AUVs demonstrate and illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed FTC scheme.
Using a Self‐Clustering Algorithm and Type‐2 Fuzzy Controller for Multi‐robot Deployment and Navigation in Dynamic Environments
Authors: Jhang Jyun‐Yu , Lee Chin‐Ling , Lin Cheng‐Jian , Young Kuu‐Young 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study proposes a novel method for multi‐robot deployment and navigation under dynamic environments. To automatically determine the location deployment of multiple robots, a grid‐based method and self‐clustering algorithm (SCA) were used to simplify the environmental information and automatically deploy robot locations. In the navigation process, a behavior selector automatically turns on towards goal mode or wall‐following mode (WFM) depending on environmental conditions. WFM control adopts an interval type‐2 fuzzy controller (IT2FC). The parameters of the IT2FC are adjusted by using the dynamic group whale optimization algorithm (DGWOA). The proposed DGWOA uses a dynamic group and Lévy flight strategy to overcome the problem of falling into a local minimum solution. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method can successfully complete navigation tasks under dynamic environments.
Distributed convex optimization based on ADMM and belief propagation methods
Authors: Ma Wenlong , Zhang Huanshui , Fu Minyue 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe consider a distributed convex optimization problem in which a connected network of agents collaboratively seeks to minimize the sum of their local objective functions over a common decision variable. We propose a new distributed optimization method in the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) framework, But our method combines the celebrated Belief Propagation(BP) algorithm and relaxation iteration method to achieve distributed optimization. Numerical simulation shows that our proposed algorithms have good convergence speed. We also discuss the trade‐off between the convergence rate and the required communication and computational complexities.
A hadronic transport analysis on the Δ mass in Au + Au reactions at 1.23 AGeV
Authors: Reichert Tom , Hillmann Paula , Limphirat Ayut , Herold Christoph , Bleicher Marcus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study is motivated by upcoming data from the high acceptance di‐electron spektrometer (HADES) collaboration at gesellschaft für schwerionenforschung, which presented preliminary data on a possible mass shift of the Δ(1232) resonance in central Au + Au reactions at Elab = 1.23 AGeV. This effect is explored via the Ultra Relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics transport model, allowing us to track down each decaying Δ(1232) resonance and check whether it can be reconstructed. The obtained results show that the apparent mass shift on the order of 50 MeV can be explained by a late‐stage formation effect and a long‐evolving Δ ↔ N + π cycle.
Complementary duality of the Inca's cosmovision: An astrophysics perspective
Authors: Gamarra Milton Rojas , Gullberg Steven R. , Estrázulas Mônica , Horvath Jorge , Zen Vasconcellos César A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this contribution, we seek to identify conceptual elements in the Inca and pre‐Inca cultures (Andean primordial civilizations) that are consonant and exhibit convergence with science, and more specifically with astronomy and astrophysics. Moreover, this procedure may allow, as a consequence of an analysis based on some aspects of epistemology and astrophysics, a deeper discussion within a structuralist/poststructuralist point of view. Finally, in this investigation, we seek to identify epistemological contributions in these cultures that may broaden our view on the area of archaeoastronomy.
Zur Einspannwirkung von Eisenbahngleisen
Authors: Bigelow Hetty , Hoffmeister Benno , Feldmann Markus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDie Systemsteifigkeiten von Eisenbahnbrücken werden durch die über die Brückenenden hinauslaufenden Gleise positiv beeinflusst. Gemäß aktueller Normenlage lässt sich dieser Effekt im Modell durch ein separat vom Überbau modelliertes Gleis abbilden, das über nichtlineare Längsfedern mit dem Überbau bzw. dem anschließenden Dammbereich verbunden wird. Eine Systemvereinfachung mit einer linearen horizontalen Ersatzfeder, welche den Beitrag des Dammbereichs abbildet und sich für die Modellierung eines Einfeldsystems mit Balken‐ oder Plattenelementen in eine Drehfeder am gelenkigen Auflager umrechnen lässt, wurde im 1. Teil dieses Beitrags in der Bautechnik 07/2016 hergeleitet.Der vorliegende Beitrag behandelt den Einfluss und die Berücksichtigung des Durchrutschens des Gleises im Schotterbett, die durch eine nichtlineare horizontale Ersatzfeder bzw. Drehfeder am Auflager (nichtlineare Charakteristik gemäß Normung) modelliert werden.Die Notwendigkeit der Einbeziehung der nichtlinearen Effekte wird exemplarisch für zwei reale WiB‐Brückenbauwerke in Einfeldbauweise mit Schotteroberbau diskutiert. Dazu werden numerische Überfahrtssimulationen mit äquivalenten Einmassensystemen durchgeführt.
Impact of enzymatic reduction on bivalent bispecific antibody fragmentation and loss of product purity upon reoxidation
Authors: Swope Nicole , Chung Wai Keen , Cao Mingyan , Motabar Dana , Liu Dengfeng , Ahuja Sanjeev , Handlogten Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAntibody disulfide bond (DSB) reduction during manufacturing processes is a widely observed phenomenon attributed to host cell reductases present in harvest cell culture fluid. Enzyme‐induced antibody reduction leads to product fragments and aggregates that increase the impurity burden on the purification process. The impact of reduction on bivalent bispecific antibodies (BisAbs), which are increasingly entering the clinic, has yet to be investigated. We focused on the reduction and reoxidation properties of a homologous library of bivalent BisAb formats that possess additional single‐chain Fv (scFv) fragments with engineered DSBs. Despite all BisAbs having similar susceptibilities to enzymatic reduction, fragmentation pathways were dependent on the scFv‐fusion site. Reduced molecules were allowed to reoxidize with and without low pH viral inactivation treatment. Both reoxidation studies demonstrated that multiple, complex BisAb species formed as a result of DSB mispairing. Furthermore, aggregate levels increased for all molecules when no low pH treatment was applied. Combined, our results show that complex DSB mispairing occurs during downstream processes while aggregate formation is dependent on sample treatment. These results are applicable to other novel monoclonal antibody‐like formats containing engineered DSBs, thus highlighting the need to prevent reduction of novel protein therapeutics to avoid diminished product quality during manufacturing.