bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed Cryoglobulinemia Syndrome (MCS) due to untreated hepatitis B with uncommon presentation: case report and literature review
Authors: Alfraji Nasam , Upadhyaya Vandan D. , Bekampis Christopher , Kuzyshyn Halyna 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) syndrome is a systemic inflammatory syndrome that causes small-to-medium vessel vasculitis due to cryoglobulin-containing immune complexes most commonly caused by chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV), and rarely by chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV). Its clinical presentation is significantly varied, with manifestations ranging from purpura, arthralgia, and myalgia to more severe neurologic and renal involvement. Pulmonary involvement as organizing pneumonia, alveolar hemorrhage, and pulmonary vasculitis have been reported, but appear to be quite rare.

Case presentation
We report an uncommon case of a patient who presented with primary pulmonary syndrome without renal involvement in the setting of MC, due to untreated chronic hepatitis B infection. Early diagnosis and consequent institution of glucocorticoids, B-cell-depleting monoclonal antibody and antiviral therapy led to a favorable outcome and prevented any fatal sequelae.

Conclusion
Pulmonary compromise in MC syndrome is very uncommon and carries a high rate of mortality. Therefore, in patients with HBV presenting with hemoptysis, physicians must carry a high clinical suspicion for alveolar hemorrhage secondary to cryoglobulinemic vasculitis.
A case of Gayet-Wernicke encephalopathy with misleading symptoms
Authors: Hadbi Mohamed , Benalakma Dalila , Fellah Nadia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The dramatic evolution of incoercible vomiting in pregnancy is at the origin of a rare and serious neurological complication known as EGW; its symptomatology is polymorphic posing a diagnostic problem. MRI is the test of choice for screening. Early vitamin supplementation is essential to improve the maternal-fetal prognosis.

Case presentation
A 35-year-old parturient, G5P1, without particular pathological history presented incoercible vomiting at 8 weeks, which led to dehydration, undernutrition, and impairment of general condition. Neurological signs: headaches, confused scored at 14 on the Glasgow scale, amnesia, a cerebellar syndrome, sensory-motor deficit. Ophthalmological examination revealed: edema in the eye fundus, a decrease in visual acuity, nystagmus, and ophthalmoplegia. The biological analysis showed moderate hepatic cytolysis.
Given the polymorphic neurological symptomatology presented by our parturient, several differential diagnoses were evoked: intracranial hypertension (headache - vomiting - decrease in visual acuity - papillary edema), brain stroke (sensory-motor deficit, ground “pregnancy”), deficit in vitamin B12 (sensory-motor deficit, confusion, memory impairment), and GWE (nystagmus-confusion-ataxia). Cerebral MRI has allowed us to establish the diagnosis of GWE.

Conclusion
All pregnant with severe hyperemesis gravidarum should be supplemented with thiamine prior to glucose administration to prevent and improve the prognosis of GWE.
Prospective randomized trial comparing efficacy and safety of intravenous and intra-articular tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Li Moses Man-Lung , Kwok Jojo Yan-Yan , Chung Kwong-Yin , Cheung Kin-Wing , Chiu Kwok-Hing , Chau Wai-Wang , Ho Kevin Ki-Wai 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with significant perioperative blood loss and postoperative allogenic blood transfusion. Tranexamic acid (TXA) reversibly blocks lysine binding sites on plasminogen molecules and inhibits plasmin formation. Comparisons of the efficacy and safety of intra-articular and intravenous TXA in primary TKA have not previously been reported.

Methods
A prospective randomized trial was conducted in 150 patients who underwent TKA, and these patients were randomized into three groups. Patients in Group A were injected by intra-articular TXA according to body weight (20 mg/kg). Patients in Group B received a standard dose of intra-articular TXA (2000 mg), and those in Group C were infused with TXA according to body weight (20 mg/kg) before tourniquet deflation and again 3 h later. Baseline characteristics and data collected at blood transfusion were compared. Differences among four time points (baseline, day 0, day 2, and day 5) were carried out using ANOVA.

Results
The hemoglobin levels at postoperative day 5 were 10.6 g/dL for Group A, 10.6 g/dL for Group B, and 10.7 g/dL for Group C. The drain output was 399 ml for Group A, 314 ml for Group B, and 305 ml for Group C (p = 0.03). Group C had significantly less drain output than Group A after post hoc comparisons (p = 0.05), whereas no significant difference was observed between Group A and B (p = 0.09) or between Group B and C.

Conclusion
The weight-adjusted dose of TXA administered intravenously significantly reduced the drain output but not the total blood loss when compared with the weight-adjusted dose of TXA administered intra-articularly. No significant difference was observed in the other parameters among the three groups.

Trial registration
The Joint CUHK-NTEC CREC, CRE-2013.644-T. Registered 1 March 2014.
Otoplasty: a graduated approach
Authors: Ismail Ahmed Soliman 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Bat ear deformity is a common presentation among the ENT patients (22.5%). Many surgical procedures have been described to manage such a problem. A thorough study of the anatomical anomalies contributing to such deformity is required by any plastic surgeon in handling this anomaly.

Results
Modified anterior scoring (Chong-Chet) was done on 45 bat ear deformities in 31 patients. Good surgical results were obtained in 97.7% of patients, and the surgical time ranged from 60 t0 90 min. Postoperative pain and infection were minimal and effectively managed.

Conclusions
The modified Chong-Chet anterior scoring is a reliable and effective surgical tool for managing bat ear deformity done through one postauricular incision. This technique could be used in young as well as adult patients because it renders the auricular cartilage easier to manipulate.
PCSK-9 Inhibitors in a Real-World Setting and a Comparison Between Alirocumab and Evolocumab in Heterozygous FH Patients
Authors: Ceballos-Macías José Juan , Lara-Sánchez Carolina , Flores-Real Jorge , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos Alberto , Ortega-Gutiérrez Guillermo , Vargas-Sánchez Joel , Madriz-Prado Ramón , Derosa Giuseppe , Rodríguez-Benítez Hazel , Baltazar-Romero Ricardo , Lopez-Mezquita Dante José 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A real-world setting study of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) patients who received Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors in a specialized referral center in Mexico City. Ten patients between the ages of 18 and 70 years, with a diagnosis of FH according to Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) criteria, with failure to achieve their Low-density lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) goals, and with standard therapy between 2016 and 2017 enrolled in a simple randomization in which a group of 5 participants received alirocumab (75 mg every 2 weeks) and the remaining 5 patients received evolocumab (140 mg every 2 weeks). Comparative analysis was made, analyzing the means of LDL at baseline at 4, 6, and 12 weeks. The evolocumab group had an average initial LDL-C of 277 mg/dL, which, after 12 weeks of treatment, was significantly reduced to 116 mg/dL; P = 0.04 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.5–310.9). The alirocumab group with a mean initial LDL-C of 229 mg/dL showed a reduction of LDL-C levels at 12 weeks of treatment to 80 mg/dL; P = 0.008 (95% CI: 63.8–233.7). In conclusion, PCSK9 inhibitors are an excellent treatment option in patients with FH who do not reach their LDL-C goals with standard therapy or due to intolerance to the standard therapy. There is no difference in the lipid-lowering effect between both PSCK9 inhibitors.
Mouse models of myocardial infarction: comparing permanent ligation and ischaemia-reperfusion
Authors: De Villiers Carla , Riley Paul R. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a disease of major consequence in the modern world, causing permanent, irreversible damage to the heart. Survivors are at risk for developing further cardiovascular pathologies such as heart failure. Further study of MI injury is crucial to improve the understanding and treatment of the post-MI heart. The most commonly used model for MI in vivo is surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). There are two predominant approaches: permanent ligation (PL), where the LAD is permanently occluded with a suture, or ischaemia-reperfusion (IR), where the LAD is temporarily occluded before removing the suture to restore blood flow and tissue reperfusion. PL results in the majority of the area at risk becoming infarcted, leading to significant apoptotic cell death and a large scar. Conversely, IR salvages some of the area at risk; thus, the scar is smaller and includes reperfusion injury, an additional, albeit smaller, second wave of necrotic damage. PL may be a more appropriate model choice for studies of heart tissue injury and wound healing, owing to the larger, more consistent infarcts, while IR enables the study of reperfusion injury. Both are clinically relevant, and the choice of model depends upon the precise pre-clinical research questions to be addressed.
A causal relationship model of health literacy and health behavior for obesity prevention among primary school students in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Thongsong Ladaporn , Neranon Wanida 
Published: November 2020

Background: The aim of the study was to develop a research instrument to study the levels of health literacy for obesity prevention (HLFOP), as well as health behavior for obesity prevention (HBFOP). In addition, we investigated the causal relationship model between health literacy and health behavior for obesity prevention among primary school students in Bangkok, Thailand. Methods: A cross-sectional study among 600 participants who were primary school students (aged 9-13 years) was conducted. The participants were selected from schools in all parts of Bangkok using multi-stage random sampling technique. The research instrument to assess HLFOP and HBFOP, constructed by the researchers, were utilized for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and structural equation model through linear structural relationship. Results: We found that HBFOP was directly influenced by heath literacy in the category of Critical Literacy with an effect size of 0.65 (p < 0.01), and was indirectly influenced in the category of Basic Literacy and Interactive Literacy through Critical Literacy with effect sizes of 0.46 and 0.58 (p<0.01), respectively. The model was consistent with the empirical data, with Chi-Square=13.68, df=7, p=0.05721, RMSEA (root mean square error of approximation)= 0.040, SRMR (standardized root mean square residual)= 0.017 NFI (normal fit index)=0.99, GFI (goodness of fit index)=0.99, and AGFI (adjusted goodness of fit index)=0.97. Conclusions: HLFOP was influential on HBFOP in primary school students in the Bangkok Metropolis. The categories that were particularly influential were: 1) Basic Literacy: accessing health information skills; 2) Interactive Literacy: communication skills; and 3) Critical Literacy: media literacy and self-management skills.
Schrift als Komponente der Bildschirmfläche am Beispiel der deutschen Nachrichtensendungen
Authors: Kapuścińska Anna 
Published: November 2020

The article focusses the written components of the screen surface in television news programs. The semiotic perspective represented in this article legitimises the viewpoint that they are not (ordinary) language signs. The main concern of this article is the status of the written text (as a semiotic medium) in the construction patterns of the news programs. It is argued that the written texts appear in the news programs increasingly as graphical elements, so that their visual presence becomes primary to their language meaning. This tendency is discussed in the article on the example of three news programs in the German television between 1996 and 2016.
V- and W-band microwave generation and modulation using semiconductor lasers at period-one nonlinear dynamics
Authors: Tseng Chin-Hao , Lin Chun-Ting , Hwang Sheng-Kwang 
Published: November 2020

Microwave generation and modulation over the V- and W-bands are investigated using a semiconductor laser subject to both comb-like optical injection and direct modulation. The former not only excites period-one (P1) nonlinear dynamics for tunable microwave generation but also improves the stability and purity of such generated microwaves. The latter upconverts data onto the generated microwaves by superimposing the data effectively only onto the lower oscillation sideband of the P1 dynamics, which prevents the data from dispersion-induced degradation over fiber distribution. As a result, microwaves that are continuously tunable from 40 to 110 GHz with a 3-dB linewidth of less than 1 Hz and with phase noise better than

−

95

d
B
c

/

H
z

at 10-kHz offset are generated. A bit-error ratio better than the forward error correction limit,

3.8
×

10

−
3

, is achieved for 12-Gb/s 16-quadrature amplitude modulation data after 25-km fiber distribution.
Dual-longitudinal-mode CW self-sweeping operation in Er-doped fiber laser
Authors: Kashirina Ekaterina K. , Lobach Ivan A. , Kablukov Sergey I. 
Published: November 2020

A new type of sweeping operation—dual-mode continuous-wave (CW) self-sweeping—is demonstrated in an erbium-doped fiber laser with a sweeping range of 2.8 nm in a region of 1605 nm. The laser generates two adjacent longitudinal modes of equal intensity, but at some moments of time, one of the modes with lower frequency begins to vanish and a new one with even higher frequency starts to grow. As a result, the self-sweeping of lasing frequency with CW intensity dynamics is observed.
Tunable metamaterial-based silicon waveguide
Authors: Han Yuxi , Lin Jie , Lin Yu-Sheng 
Published: November 2020

A tunable metamaterial (MM)-based silicon (Si) waveguide is presented that is composed of an MM nanodisk array on a Si-on insulator substrate. A significant modulation efficiency of transmission intensity could be realized by elevating individually or simultaneously the column number of MM nanodisks. For a convenient description, an MM-based Si waveguide with one, two, three, four, and five columns of MM nanodisks are denoted as MM-1, MM-2, MM-3, MM-4, and MM-5, respectively. Transmission intensity of MM-based Si waveguides could be switched between on and off states by driving different columns of MM nanodisks on the Si waveguide surface. Transmission intensities could be attenuated from 100% to 56%, 24%, 6%, 1%, and 0% for MM-1, MM-2, MM-3, MM-4, and MM-5, respectively, at the wavelength of 1.525 µm. Furthermore, the MM-5 device is exposed to an ambient environment with different refraction indices. It exhibits a linear relationship of resonance dips and refraction indexes. The proposed design of the MM-based Si waveguide provides potential possibilities in an optical switch, variable optical attenuator, and sensor applications.
Massively parallel amplitude-only Fourier neural network
Authors: Miscuglio Mario , Hu Zibo , Li Shurui , George Jonathan K. , Capanna Roberto , Dalir Hamed , Bardet Philippe M. , Gupta Puneet , Sorger Volker J. 
Published: November 2020

Machine intelligence has become a driving factor in modern society.
However, its demand outpaces the underlying electronic technology due
to limitations given by fundamental physics, such as capacitive
charging of wires, but also by system architecture of storing and
handling data, both driving recent trends toward processor
heterogeneity. Task-specific accelerators based on free-space optics
bear fundamental homomorphism for massively parallel and real-time
information processing given the wave nature of light. However,
initial results are frustrated by data handling challenges and slow
optical programmability. Here we introduce a novel amplitude-only
Fourier-optical processor paradigm capable of processing large-scale

∼

(

1000

×

1000

)

matrices in a single time step and
100 µs-short latency. Conceptually, the information flow direction is
orthogonal to the two-dimensional programmable network, which
leverages

10

6

parallel channels of display
technology, and enables a prototype demonstration performing
convolutions as pixelwise multiplications in the Fourier domain
reaching peta operations per second throughputs. The required
real-to-Fourier domain transformations are performed passively by
optical lenses at zero-static power. We exemplary realize a
convolutional neural network (CNN) performing classification tasks on
2 megapixel large matrices at 10 kHz rates, which latency-outperforms
current graphic processing unit and phase-based display technology by
1 and 2 orders of magnitude, respectively. Training this optical
convolutional layer on image classification tasks and utilizing it in
a hybrid optical-electronic CNN, shows classification accuracy of 98%
(Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology) and 54%
(CIFAR-10). Interestingly, the amplitude-only CNN is inherently robust
against coherence noise in contrast to phase-based paradigms and
features a delay over 2 orders of magnitude lower than
liquid-crystal-based systems. Such an amplitude-only massively
parallel optical compute paradigm shows that the lack of phase
information can be accounted for via training, thus opening
opportunities for high-throughput accelerator technology for machine
intelligence with applications in network-edge processing, in data
centers, or in pre-processing information or filtering toward
near-real-time decision making.
Overweight/obesity as the potentially most important lifestyle factor associated with signs of pneumonia in COVID-19
Authors: Sacco Vanessa , Rauch Barbara , Gar Christina , Haschka Stefanie , Potzel Anne L. , Kern-Matschilles Stefanie , Banning Friederike , Benz Irina , Meisel Mandy , Seissler Jochen , Lechner Andreas 
Published: November 2020

Objective
The occurrence of pneumonia separates severe cases of COVID-19 from the majority of cases with mild disease. However, the factors determining whether or not pneumonia develops remain to be fully uncovered. We therefore explored the associations of several lifestyle factors with signs of pneumonia in COVID-19.

Methods
Between May and July 2020, we conducted an online survey of 201 adults in Germany who had recently gone through COVID-19, predominantly as outpatients. Of these, 165 had a PCR-based diagnosis and 36 had a retrospective diagnosis by antibody testing. The survey covered demographic information, eight lifestyle factors, comorbidities and medication use. We defined the main outcome as the presence vs. the absence of signs of pneumonia, represented by dyspnea, the requirement for oxygen therapy or intubation.

Results
Signs of pneumonia occurred in 39 of the 165 individuals with a PCR-based diagnosis of COVID-19 (23.6%). Among the lifestyle factors examined, only overweight/obesity was associated with signs of pneumonia (odds ratio 2.68 (1.29–5.59) p = 0.008). The observed association remained significant after multivariate adjustment, with BMI as a metric variable, and also after including the antibody-positive individuals into the analysis.

Conclusions
This exploratory study finds an association of overweight/obesity with signs of pneumonia in COVID-19. This finding suggests that a signal proportional to body fat mass, such as the hormone leptin, impairs the body’s ability to clear SARS-CoV-2 before pneumonia develops. This hypothesis concurs with previous work and should be investigated further to possibly reduce the proportion of severe cases of COVID-19.
A machine learning approach to predict ethnicity using personal name and census location in Canada
Authors: Wong Kai On , Zaïane Osmar R. , Davis Faith G. , Yasui Yutaka 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundCanada is an ethnically-diverse country, yet its lack of ethnicity information in many large databases impedes effective population research and interventions. Automated ethnicity classification using machine learning has shown potential to address this data gap but its performance in Canada is largely unknown. This study conducted a large-scale machine learning framework to predict ethnicity using a novel set of name and census location features.MethodsUsing census 1901, the multiclass and binary class classification machine learning pipelines were developed. The 13 ethnic categories examined were Aboriginal (First Nations, Métis, Inuit, and all-combined)), Chinese, English, French, Irish, Italian, Japanese, Russian, Scottish, and others. Machine learning algorithms included regularized logistic regression, C-support vector, and naïve Bayes classifiers. Name features consisted of the entire name string, substrings, double-metaphones, and various name-entity patterns, while location features consisted of the entire location string and substrings of province, district, and subdistrict. Predictive performance metrics included sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, F1, Area Under the Curve for Receiver Operating Characteristic curve, and accuracy.ResultsThe census had 4,812,958 unique individuals. For multiclass classification, the highest performance achieved was 76% F1 and 91% accuracy. For binary classifications for Chinese, French, Italian, Japanese, Russian, and others, the F1 ranged 68–95% (median 87%). The lower performance for English, Irish, and Scottish (F1 ranged 63–67%) was likely due to their shared cultural and linguistic heritage. Adding census location features to the name-based models strongly improved the prediction in Aboriginal classification (F1 increased from 50% to 84%).ConclusionsThe automated machine learning approach using only name and census location features can predict the ethnicity of Canadians with varying performance by specific ethnic categories.