bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change of rhizospheric bacterial community of the ancient wild tea along elevational gradients in Ailao mountain, China
Authors: Zi Haiyun , Jiang Yonglei , Cheng Xiaomao , Li Wanting , Huang Xiaoxia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe rhizospheric microbial community is one of the major environmental factors affecting the distribution and fitness of plants. Ancient wild tea plants are rare genetic resource distributed in Southwest China. In this study, we investigated that rhizospheric bacterial communities of ancient wild tea plants along the elevational gradients (2050, 2200, 2350 and 2500 m) in QianJiaZhai Reserve of Ailao Mountains. According to the Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16 S rRNA gene amplicons,Proteobacteria,AcidobacteriaandActinobacteriawere the dominant phyla with the relative abundance 43.12%, 21.61% and 14.84%, respectively. TheVariibacterwas the most dominant genus in rhizosphere of ancient wild tea plant. Phylogenetic null modeling analysis suggested that rhizospheric bacterial communities of ancient wild tea plants were more phylogenetically clustered than expected by chance. The bacterial community at 2050 m was unique with the highest alpha diversity, tend to cluster the nearest taxon and simple co-occurrence network structure. The unique bacterial community was correlated to multiple soil factors, and the content soil ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) was the key factor affecting the diversity and distribution of bacterial community along the elevational gradients. This study provided the necessary basic information for the protection of ancient tea trees and cultivation of tea plants.
Precision Targeted Ablation of Fine Neurovascular Structures In Vivo Using Dual-mode Ultrasound Arrays
Authors: Aravalli Rajagopal N. , Helden Dusty Van , Liu Dalong , O’Brien Parker , Aldiabat Hasan , Tăbăran Alexandru-Flaviu , O’Sullivan M. Gerard , Clark H. Brent , Osborn John W. , Ebbini Emad S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCarotid bodies (CBs) are chemoreceptors that monitor and register changes in the blood, including the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH, and regulate breathing. Enhanced activity of CBs was shown to correlate with a significant elevation in the blood pressure of patients with hypertension. CB removal or denervation were previously shown to reduce hypertension. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of a dual-mode ultrasound array (DMUA) system to safely ablate the CB in vivo in a spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model of hypertension. DMUA imaging was used for guiding and monitoring focused ultrasound (FUS) energy delivered to the target region. In particular, 3D imaging was used to identify the carotid bifurcation for targeting the CBs. Intermittent, high frame rate imaging during image-guided FUS (IgFUS) delivery was used for monitoring the lesion formation. DMUA imaging provided feedback for closed-loop control (CLC) of the lesion formation process to avoid overexposure. The procedure was tolerated well in over 100 SHR and normotensive rats that received unilateral and bilateral treatments. The measured mean arterial pressure (MAP) exhibited measurable deviation from baseline 2–4 weeks post IgFUS treatment. The results suggest that the direct unilateral FUS treatment of the CB might be sufficient to reduce the blood pressure in hypertensive rats and justify further investigation in large animals and eventually in human patients.
Integral approach to biomacromolecular structure by analytical-ultracentrifugation and small-angle scattering
Authors: Morishima Ken , Okuda Aya , Inoue Rintaro , Sato Nobuhiro , Miyamoto Yosuke , Urade Reiko , Yagi-Utsumi Maho , Kato Koichi , Hirano Rina , Kujirai Tomoya , Kurumizaka Hitoshi , Sugiyama Masaaki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCurrently, a sample for small-angle scattering (SAS) is usually highly purified and looks monodispersed: The Guinier plot of its SAS intensity shows a fine straight line. However, it could include the slight aggregates which make the experimental SAS profile different from the monodispersed one. A concerted method with analytical-ultracentrifugation (AUC) and SAS, named as AUC-SAS, offers the precise scattering intensity of a concerned biomacromolecule in solution even with aggregates as well that of a complex under an association-dissociation equilibrium. AUC-SAS overcomes an aggregation problem which has been an obstacle for SAS analysis and, furthermore, has a potential to lead to a structural analysis for a general multi-component system.
Multifractality of light in photonic arrays based on algebraic number theory
Authors: Sgrignuoli Fabrizio , Gorsky Sean , Britton Wesley A. , Zhang Ran , Riboli Francesco , Dal Negro Luca 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany natural patterns and shapes, such as meandering coastlines, clouds, or turbulent flows, exhibit a characteristic complexity that is mathematically described by fractal geometry. Here, we extend the reach of fractal concepts in photonics by experimentally demonstrating multifractality of light in arrays of dielectric nanoparticles that are based on fundamental structures of algebraic number theory. Specifically, we engineered novel deterministic photonic platforms based on the aperiodic distributions of primes and irreducible elements in complex quadratic and quaternions rings. Our findings stimulate fundamental questions on the nature of transport and localization of wave excitations in deterministic media with multi-scale fluctuations beyond what is possible in traditional fractal systems. Moreover, our approach establishes structure–property relationships that can readily be transferred to planar semiconductor electronics and to artificial atomic lattices, enabling the exploration of novel quantum phases and many-body effects.
Autonomic Dysfunction is Associated with Increased Cardiometabolic
Risk in Patients with Childhood-Onset Craniopharyngioma
Authors: Jung Hae Woon , Kim Hwa Young , Kim Ji Young , Cheon Jung-Eun , Kim In-One , Kim Seung-Ki , Shin Choong Ho , Yang Sei Won , Lee Young Ah 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPatients with craniopharyngioma are susceptible to autonomic dysfunction as a
result of hypothalamic damage. We evaluated indices of heart rate
variability (HRV) in patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngioma to
investigate autonomic function and its relationship with components of the
metabolic syndrome (MetS). This cross-sectional, case-only study included 53
patients (10–30 years of age). We measured the standard deviation of
all normal R-R intervals (SDNN) and total power indicating overall HRV, the
root-mean square of the difference of successive R-R intervals (RMSSD) and
high frequency indicating parasympathetic modulation, and low frequency.
These indices were compared according to the presence of the MetS. During
the mean 10.8 years of follow-up, 25% of patients were diagnosed
with the MetS. Patients with the MetS showed significantly lower levels of
SDNN (29.0 vs. 40.6 ms), total power (416.1 vs.
1129.6 ms2), RMSSD (20.1 vs. 34.5 ms), high
frequency (94.7 vs. 338.5 ms2), and low frequency (94.5
vs. 289.4 ms2) than those without (p <0.05, for
all). Individual components of the MetS including insulin resistance, serum
triglycerides levels, and systolic blood pressure were inversely associated
with SDNN, total power, RMSSD and high frequency. Higher overall variability
and parasympathetic modulation were related to decreased odds ratios for
having the MetS (OR 0.91, p=0.029 for SDNN; OR 0.91, p=0.032
for total power). In conclusion, autonomic dysfunction, as evidenced by
reduced HRV indices, is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk in
patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngioma.
Prospecting and Identifying Phyllanthus amarus Lignans with Antileishmanial and Antitrypanosomal Activity
Authors: Conrado Gabrielly Galdino , Grazzia Nathalia , de Oliveira Adriana da Silva S. , Franco Caio Haddad , Moraes Carolina Borsoi , Gadelha Fernanda Ramos , Miguel Danilo Ciccone , Garcia Vera Lucia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTen lignans (1 – 10) were isolated from the hexane-ethyl acetate extract of Phyllanthus amarus leaves. Three of them, cubebin dimethyl ether (3), urinatetralin (4), and lintetralin (7) are described for the first time in this species, while phyllanthin (1), niranthin (2), 5-demethoxyniranthin (5), isolintetralin (6), hypophyllanthin (8), nirtetralin (9), and phyltetralin (10) have been already reported from P. amarus. Among the lignans tested against Trypanosoma cruzi intracellular amastigotes, 2 was the most active with an EC50 of 35.28 µM. Lignans 2, 5, 7, and 9 showed inhibitory effects against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes with EC50 of 56.34, 51.86, 23.57, and 43.27 µM, respectively. During in vitro infection assays, 5 reduced amastigotes by 91% at 103.68 µM concentration, whereas 7 and 9 reduced amastigotes by approximately 84% at 47.5 and 86.04 µM, respectively. Lignans 5, 7, and 9 were more potent in intracellular amastigotes with EC50 of 2.76, 8.30, and 15.83 µM, respectively, than in promastigotes. CC50 for all samples was > 100 µg/mL, thus revealing low cytotoxicity against macrophages, and selectivity against the parasite. L. amazonensis promastigotes treated with compounds 2 and 9 showed decreased respiratory control of 38% and 25%, respectively, suggesting a change in mitochondrial membrane potential and lower ATP production.
ELISA for the Detection of the Prohibited Doping Agent Higenamine
Authors: Nuntawong Poomraphie , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Sakamoto Seiichi , Morimoto Satoshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHigenamine is a natural benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid produced by various plants. In the World Anti-Doping Agency report of 2020, higenamine is classified as a class S3 (selective and nonselective β2-agonist) prohibited substance. To minimize the problems resulting from the misuse of higenamine-containing products as well as from the abuse of doping agents in sport, numerous higenamine-detection methods have been investigated. In the present study, a monoclonal antibody against the (S)-enantiomer of higenamine was successfully produced and applied in the indirect competitive ELISA to detect the content of (S)-higenamine in plant samples and related products. By immunizing BALB/c mice with higenamine-BSA, the aforementioned monoclonal antibody was produced even when the hapten number, which was the higenamine molecules conjugated to the BSA molecule, was relatively low (approximately 4). The MAb was characterized and utilized in the established icELISA assay with a detectable range of 7.81 – 125 ng/mL. The assay limit of detection (LOD) was 4.41 ng/mL, indicating higher sensitivity than the conventional HPLC-UV methods. Various validation processes demonstrated that icELISA was precise, with the maximum CV (%) of the intra- and inter-assays of 11.58% and 10.18%, respectively. Moreover, the assay was accurate, with the recovery rates of spiked (S)-higenamine ranging from 82% to 113%, and sufficiently reliable for the detection of (S)-higenamine in various kinds of samples. Notably, the present study describes the first immunoassay for (S)-higenamine.
The Bilobe Flap for Nasal Reconstruction
Authors: Okland Tyler S. , Lee Yu Jin , Sanan Akshay , Most Sam P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRepair of nasal defects is technically challenging due to inelastic nasal skin and unforgiving nasal geometry. The bilobe flap is a double transposition flap that can transpose skin from cephalad to caudad to repair defects of the lower third of the nose. However, pincushioning may complicate this flap, yielding untoward aesthetic outcomes. We review our single surgeon series of patients who underwent bilobe flap reconstruction of nasal defects, and describe our surgical technique to minimize pincushioning and poor aesthetic outcomes. This was a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent bilobe flap reconstruction of nasal defects at a tertiary referral facial plastic and reconstructive surgery clinic between January 1, 2010 and February 12, 2019. All postoperative clinic notes were analyzed for complications, reports of unfavorable cosmetic outcome, and rates of revision procedures. Surgical technique is described. In the analysis, 125 patients were included, of whom 84 (67%) patients were women, and the mean (standard deviation) age was 60.7 (12.5) years. Complications were reported in 20 (16%) patients, including scars, pincushioning, and nasal obstruction. Five patients underwent revision surgery (4%), including scar revision and z-plasty. Pincushioning was reported in four patients (3.2%), of whom three underwent scar revision procedures. One patient had alar notching requiring correction. There was no statistically significant association between ear cartilage graft and complications (p = 0.84) or requirement of intervention (p = 1.0). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression did not show statistically significant association between size of the defect and the presence of complications (p > 0.05). The bilobe flap is an excellent transposition flap for the repair of small nasal tip defects. By adequately thinning the transposition flap of excess subcutaneous tissue prior to inset, rates of poor aesthetic outcomes, revision procedures, and pincushioning are minimized.
The Influence of the Insertion Angle on Middle and Lower Face Tissue-Mechanics When Treating the Nasolabial Folds with Facial Suspension Threads—An Experimental Split-Face Cadaveric Study
Authors: Braun Martin , Frank Konstantin , Freytag David L. , Gotkin Robert H. , Lachman Nirusha , Hsu Gloria , Gavril Diana L. , Silva Maria V. , Bialowas Christie , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA novel treatment approach to address the nasolabial fold is the insertion facial suspension threads. However, there is a paucity of data available to guide insertion techniques and material selection. Three female and two male cephalic specimens of Caucasian ethnicity (73.6 ± 6.5 years; 21.41 ± 2.2 kg/m2) were included into this experimental split-face study. One facial side was treated with polycaprolactone (PCL) thread: 180 mm, bidirectional, 18G 100 mm cannula, 20 degrees trajectory, preauricular approach whereas the contralateral side was treated with polydioxanone (PDO) thread: 100 mm, bidirectional, 19G, 60 mm cannula, 50 degrees trajectory, infraorbital approach. Three-dimensional imaging outcome measures included vertical and horizontal skin displacement and volume changes at the nasolabial sulcus, at the labiomandibular sulcus, and along the jawline. Comparing PCL 180 mm 20 degrees to PDO 100 mm 50 degrees: vertical lifting effect 1.42 ± 2.63 mm versus 1.24 ± 1.88 mm (p = 0.906); horizontal lifting effect 3.42 ± 1.44 mm versus –2.02 ± 1.84 mm (p = 0.001); nasolabial volume change –0.80 ± 0.65 mL versus –0.52 ± 0.17 mL (p = 0.367); labiomandibular volume change –0.45 ± 0.42 mL versus –0.16 ± 0.16 mL (p = 0.191); jawline volume change 0.02 ± 0.43 mL versus –0.01 ± 0.21 mL (p = 0.892). The study provides objective evidence for the short-term effectiveness of facial suspension threads in treating the nasolabial folds. The results point toward a better aesthetic outcome when utilizing long facial suspension threads that can effect full-face changes as compared with short facial suspension threads.
Ligaclip for Preauricular Skin Tags in the Newborn
Authors: Schonauer Fabrizio , Guastafierro Antonio , Grasso Elisabetta , Izzo Sara , Nicoletti Giovanni Francesco , D'Andrea Francesco 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction Skin tags are benign lesions, that often represent only an aesthetic problem; if subjected to trauma, they can occasionally bleed with possible infection and pain. When they occur in the preauricular region, attention should be paid to the diagnosis and approach; in fact, controversy exists in the differential diagnosis between hair follicle nevi, accessory tragus, and skin tag. Misdiagnosis and failure of treatment can lead to serious consequences, such as chondritis.
Materials and Methods In our retrospective study, we evaluated 19 newborns affected by single, unilateral skin tag in the preauricular region. Each patient underwent a careful clinical examination; lesions without a pilosebaceous unit and with a thin, soft pedicle were treated in the nursery with Ligaclip (Johnson & Johnson).
Results Skin tag falls between day 7 and 10. We had no cases of edema, cellulitis, clip loss, or bleeding. Scarring results were extremely satisfactory at 3-month follow-up.
Conclusion We believe that after a careful clinical examination, cases of skin tags in the preauricular area can be selected and treated with Ligaclip. This procedure can be considered rapid, safe, economical, and simple in the newborn patients.
Suspected Placenta Accreta: Using Imaging to Stratify Risk of Morbidity
Authors: Matthews Kathy C. , Fields Jessica C. , Chasen Stephen T. 
Published: June 2020

Objective This study was aimed to compare clinical outcomes and use of interventions in women with suspected accreta based on the degree of antenatal suspicion.
Study design This was a retrospective cohort study of women with suspected accreta from 2007 to 2019. Included patients had one or more imaging studies suggestive of accreta. Cases were classified as “lower risk” if imaging showed possible signs of accreta including mild or superficial myometrial infiltration, an abnormal uterine contour, an abnormal uteroplacental interface, or loss of the retroplacental hypoechoic zone and “higher risk” if there was clear evidence of more than superficial myometrial infiltration, placental tissue extruding beyond the uterine serosa, bridging vessel(s), or placental lacunae with high velocity and/or turbulent flow. The primary study outcome was a composite maternal morbidity including cesarean hysterectomy, transfusion of blood or blood products, unintentional cystotomy, or intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and Mann–Whitney U-test were used for analysis.
Results A total of 78 women had a suspected accreta on imaging, 36 with “lower risk” features and 42 with “higher risk” features. There were no differences in baseline maternal demographics. Women in the “higher risk” group were more likely to have a placenta previa (p < 0.01) and preoperative consultation with gynecologic oncology (p = 0.04). There was a significant difference in composite maternal morbidity between patients with “lower risk” and “higher risk” features of accreta on imaging (50 vs. 92.9%, p < 0.01). Median gestational age at planned and actual delivery were earlier in the “higher risk” group (36.6 vs. 34.9 weeks, p < 0.01; 36.0 vs. 34.7 weeks, p < 0.01).
Conclusion Stratification of women with suspected accreta based on imaging corresponded to rates of maternal morbidity and operative complications, and appears to have been used clinically in selecting timing of delivery and interventions.
Key Points
Climate change and agricultural trade in central Asia: evidence from Kazakhstan
Authors: Yu Xiaohua , Luo Hengrong , Wang Hanjie , Feil Jan-Henning 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Agriculture in Central Asia faces tremendous challenges due to climate change. International agricultural trade is seen in the literature as a potential adaption to climate change. However, little attention has been paid to the effect of climate change on cereal trade in Central Asia. This study takes Kazakhstan as an example to empirically analyze the effect of climate change on cereal trade by including them as determinants in the gravity model. Our results show that climatic changes in Kazakhstan, measured by precipitation and temperature, could increase the export of wheat and rice and the import of maize, and decrease the import of wheat. Specifically, as a major crop in Kazakhstan, increasing precipitation by 1 millimeter during the major cropping season from May to August, will significantly enhance export of wheat by 0.7% and reduce the import by 1.7%; increasing temperature by 1°C during the same cropping season will significantly increase export of wheat by 21.9% and reduce the import by 49.4%. As an important cereal trade country in the world, the dramatic adjustments of cereal trade patterns resulting from climate change in Kazakhstan might affect global food security.
Defect generation and dynamics during quenching in finite size homogeneous ion chains
Authors: Pedregosa-Gutierrez J , Mukherjee M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
An equally spaced linear chain of ions provides a test-bed for studying the defect formation during a topological phase transition from a linear to a zig-zag configuration. By using a particular axial potential leading to an homogeneous ion chain, the boundary conditions are not needed, allowing new rich defect dynamics to appear on an homogeneous system. A semi-empirical expression for the critical transition frequency provides an excellent agreement to the numerical results for low ion numbers. The non-adiabatic crossing of the phase transition shows different power-laws for the defect probability density for different quench rates regions. Information regarding defect dynamics is obtained through the measurement of the defect density at different times during the quench. By comparing the defect density and the correlation length dynamics among the different number of trapped ions, the role of the different defect loss mechanism can be deduced. An excellent agreement with the predictions given by the homogeneous Kibble–Zurek model is found on a finite size system of 30 ion system which can be tested in present ion trap experimental set-ups.
Unique water scarcity footprints and water risks in US meat and ethanol supply chains identified via subnational commodity flows
Authors: Brauman Kate A , Goodkind Andrew L , Kim Taegon , Pelton Rylie E O , Schmitt Jennifer , Smith Timothy M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Within the US, supply chains aggregate agricultural production and associated environmental impacts in specific downstream products and companies. This is particularly important for meat and ethanol, which consume nearly half of global crop production as feed and feedstocks. However, lack of data has thus far limited the ability to trace inputs and impacts of commodity crops through domestic supply chains. For the first time, we use a commodity-flow model to link spatially distributed water resource impacts of corn and soy to individual meat and ethanol processing facilities. This creates transparency in the supply chains, illuminating substantial variation in embedded irrigation water and water scarcity footprints among meat and ethanol processed at different facilities. By calculating unique blue water scarcity footprints for end-products, we show that beef processed in Iowa or Illinois, for example, has fewer water impacts than chicken processed in California and pork processed in Oklahoma. We find that over 75% of irrigated feed embedded in meat is consolidated in six companies and 39% of irrigated feedstock for ethanol is consolidated in five companies, with potentially negative impacts to supply costs and risk management. This subnational variation and consolidation of impacts in key supply chains creates opportunities for producers and consumers of agriculture-based products to make management, investment, and sustainability decisions about those products.