bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does an oil boom promote firms’ R&D expenditure? Evidence from Ecuador
Authors: Grijalva Diego F. , Ponsetto Mary Lou , Pontón Yelitza 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine how the expansionary phase of a business cycle driven by an exogenous commodity price shock (oil) affects R&D expenditures among Ecuadorian firms.

Design/methodology/approach
Using two rounds of the Ecuadorian National Science, Technology and Innovation Activities Survey (ACTI 2012 and 2015) and a data set on gross value added (GVA) by industry, we run a sample correction model applied to a panel data of 1,023 firms from 2009 to 2014.

Findings
In deciding whether to invest in R&D, the higher an industry’s GVA, the lower the predicted probability that firms in that industry would invest. Additionally, R&D investments are not procyclical, and there is marginal evidence that they might actually be countercyclical. These findings are consistent with Schumpeter (1939) and Ouyang (2011) and are likely due to an increased opportunity cost of R&D investment during the oil boom.

Originality/value
In this study, we examine a boom period and not a full business cycle. This boom is driven by an exogenous shock, deviating from much of the current literature, which focuses on endogenously driven business cycles. This paper examines how the oil shock impacted a variety of industries, and not just attractive ones. Additionally, this paper adds to the limited literature around R&D and business cycles in Latin America.
Blockchain-based applications in shipping and port management: a literature review towards defining key conceptual frameworks
Authors: Tsiulin Sergey , Reinau Kristian Hegner , Hilmola Olli-Pekka , Goryaev Nikolay , Karam Ahmed 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine and to categorize the tendencies of blockchain-based applications in the shipping industry and supply chain as well as the interrelations between them, including possible correlation of found categories with theoretical background and existing concepts. This study also explores whether blockchain can be adopted into existing maritime shipping and port document workflow management.

Design/methodology/approach
The current study builds a conceptual framework through a systematic project review carried along with scientific and grey literature, published in journals and conference proceedings during the past decade and giving information or proposals on an issue.

Findings
The results showed that reviewed projects can be compiled into three main conceptual areas: document workflow management, financial processes and device connectivity. However, having clear interlinkages, none of the reviewed projects consider all three areas at once. Concepts associated with maritime document workflow received broad support among the reviewed projects. In addition, reviewed projects unintentionally follow the similar goals that were laid down within port management scientific projects before the introduction of blockchain technology.

Originality/value
This study contributes to research by revealing a consistent framework for understanding the blockchain applications within maritime port environment, a less-studied part of blockchain implementation in the supply chain field. Moreover, this work is the first to find out conceptual intersections and correlations between existing projects, mapping current tendencies and potentially increasing knowledge about the field.
A review of two psychological models in knowledge sharing: current trends and future agenda
Authors: Nguyen Tuyet-Mai 
Published: June 2020

PurposeTwo psychological models, the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) are the most common theories used to understand knowledge sharing behaviour. However, the empirical results are inconclusive on whether TRA and TPB can provide reasonable prediction of knowledge sharing attitude, intention and behaviour. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to conduct a review of these models in knowledge sharing.Design/methodology/approachThis study reviews 63 papers to provide a comprehensive picture of these models in knowledge sharing.FindingsTwo main trends of modification were shown in the studies examining these models. Research gaps were identified as a guideline for future researchers to investigate potential moderators and examine these models from the participants’ perspective.Originality/valueThe model serves as a roadmap for future researchers and managers considering their strategy to enhance knowledge sharing.
Climate and soil micro‐organisms drive soil phosphorus fractions in coastal dune systems
Authors: García‐Velázquez Laura , Rodríguez Alexandra , Gallardo Antonio , Maestre Fernando T. , Dos Santos Everaldo , Lafuente Angela , Fernández‐Alonso María José , Singh Brajesh K. , Wang Jun‐Tao , Durán Jorge 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

The importance of soil phosphorus (P) is likely to increase in coming decades due to the growing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition originated by industrial and agricultural activities. We currently lack a proper understanding of the main drivers of soil P pools in coastal dunes, which rank among the most valued priority conservation areas worldwide.

Here, we evaluated the joint effects of biotic (i.e. microbial abundance and richness, vegetation and cryptogams cover) and abiotic (i.e. pH and aridity) factors on labile, medium‐lability and recalcitrant soil P pools across a wide aridity gradient in the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula.

Climate determined the availability of medium‐lability, recalcitrant and total P, but had a minor net effect on labile P, which was positively and significantly related to the presence of plants, mosses and lichens. Medium‐lability P was significantly influenced by soil bacterial richness and abundance (positively and negatively, respectively).

Our results suggest that micro‐organisms transfer P from medium‐lability pool to more labile one. At the same time, increases in bacterial richness associated to biofilms might be involved in the thickening of the medium‐lability P pool in our climosequence.

These bacterial‐mediated transfers would confer resistance to the labile P pool under future climate change and uncover an important role of soil micro‐organisms as modulators of the geochemical P cycle.
Temperature modulates compensatory responses to food limitation at metamorphosis in a marine invertebrate
Authors: Torres Gabriela , Giménez Luis 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Under climate change, increased temperatures combined with food limitation may be critical for species with complex life cycles, if high growth rates characterize the larval development.

We studied the effect of increased temperature and food limitation on larval survival and on functional traits (developmental time, body mass, growth) at moulting and metamorphosis in the crab Carcinus maenas.

We followed the approach of models of metamorphosis integrating responses of body mass and developmental time to increased temperature and food limitation. We also evaluated if body mass decreased with temperature (according to the temperature‐size rule) and if developmental time followed an inverse exponential reduction (expected from some metabolic theories), as both trends are relevant for modelling effects of climate change on fitness and population connectivity.

Larvae produced by four females were reared separately from hatching to metamorphosis to the megalopa at two food conditions (ad libitum and food limitation), and at four temperatures covering the range experienced in the field (<20°C) and those expected from climate change (>20°C).

In general, body mass did not decrease with temperature, nor developmental time followed an inverse exponential response to temperature (under ad libitum food conditions).

At low temperatures (<20°C), food limitation resulted (in general) in small reductions in larval survival. Body mass and nitrogen content were little affected by food limitation while effects on carbon content were small. Increased developmental time partially or fully compensated for reduced growth rates. We interpreted this response as adaptive, as minimizing fitness costs associated to reduced body mass.

Increased temperatures (>20°C) exacerbated the effect of food limitation on mortality in larvae from three females. Developmental time was longer and larvae metamorphosed with reduced body mass, carbon and nitrogen content. Thus, compensatory responses failed and multiple fitness costs should be expected in individuals facing food limitation at increased temperatures.

We propose that integrative studies of traits at metamorphosis could be a basis to develop a mechanistic understanding of how species with complex life cycles will respond to climate change. Such models could eventually include hormonal and metabolic regulation of development as drivers of responses to environmental change.
Livestock grazing impacts components of the breeding productivity of a common upland insectivorous passerine: Results from a long‐term experiment
Authors: Malm Lisa E. , Pearce‐Higgins James W. , Littlewood Nick A. , Karley Alison J. , Karaszewska Ewa , Jaques Robert , Pakeman Robin J. , Redpath Stephen M. , Evans Darren M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

The intensity of pastoral management in areas of High Nature Value farming is declining in some regions of Europe but increasing in others. This affects open habitats of conservation concern, such as the British uplands, where bird species that benefit from low‐intensity grazing may be most sensitive to such polarization. While experimental manipulations of livestock grazing intensities have improved our understanding of upland breeding bird responses in the short term, none have examined the long‐term impacts of altered management on reproductive success.

Using a replicated landscape‐scale experiment that started in 2003, we investigated the effects of four grazing treatments (intensive sheep; low‐intensity sheep; low‐intensity mixed sheep and cattle; and no grazing) on the breeding productivity of meadow pipits Anthus pratensis, the most common upland passerine. Surveys were carried out systematically during early (2003 and 2004) and late (2015 and 2016) sampling periods of the experiment to compare the short‐ and long‐term effects of grazing treatments on breeding density and productivity of pipits specifically, but also on the overall bird community.

Pipit breeding density was lowest under low‐intensity sheep grazing while the highest egg‐stage nest survival was observed in the same treatment, although no significant treatment effects were detected on overall nest survival or fledgling output. There were no significant differences in treatment effects between the sampling periods on any breeding variable, but overall nest survival was lower in the later sampling period across all treatments.

Breeding bird species richness differed between treatments in the later sampling period, with highest species richness in the ungrazed treatment.

Synthesis and applications. Livestock grazing management can have different outcomes for different upland birds. Our results showed that, with time, meadow pipit breeding productivity tended to be higher when sheep grazing intensity was reduced and/or mixed with cattle, and lower when livestock were removed, but not significantly so. Removal of grazing, however, can significantly increase bird species richness. The long‐term experiment showed an overall decline in fledglings regardless of grazing treatments, potentially a result of increased predator numbers harboured by nearby developing woodland, highlighting the importance of considering wider landscape processes in grazing management decisions.
The Mechanisms Underlying the Intergenerational Transmission of Disadvantage: Three Examples from Australia
Authors: Vera‐Toscano Esperanza 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe growing debate on the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage has refocused discussion on the factors that influence this intergenerational process. This study provides a short review of the central mechanisms underlying the intergenerational transmission of (dis)advantage and illustrates the importance of these mechanisms using findings from three recent studies undertaken in Australia using Australian household and administrative longitudinal data.
Intergenerational Mobility Research: Current Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Mooi‐Reci Irma 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article discusses major challenges facing intergenerational mobility research in three main domains: (1) the (dis)connection between theory and empirical applications; (2) data gaps; and (3) measurement concerns. In doing so, it highlights theoretical and empirical extensions to better describe, explain and predict complex intergenerational transmission processes in the light of new and rapid administrative data linkages, more mature survey data and other forms of big data. The article concludes with future directions for research.
Visualising Time: A Compendium of Time Series Plots
Authors: Hirschberg Joe , Lye Jenny 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGraphs are important for highlighting relationships within a data series or across several series. Modern computer software has provided flexibility in the construction of graphic displays that would have been impossible with the tools that were available to researchers only a few decades ago. This article illustrates a variety of different graphical presentations for time ordered or time series data that can now be constructed. These include time series plots, bar charts, range plots, radar charts, scatter plots, heat maps and seasonality plots. For each graph type presented, we discuss the best practice for their construction.
Pre‐eclampsia‐like syndrome induced by severe COVID‐19: a prospective observational study
Authors: Mendoza M , Garcia‐Ruiz I , Maiz N , Rodo C , Garcia‐Manau P , Serrano B , Lopez‐Martinez RM , Balcells J , Fernandez‐Hidalgo N , Carreras E , Suy A 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate the incidence of clinical, ultrasonographic and biochemical findings related to pre‐eclampsia (PE) in pregnancies with COVID‐19, and to assess their accuracy to differentiate between PE and the PE‐like features associated with COVID‐19.DesignA prospective, observational study.SettingTertiary referral hospital.ParticipantsSingleton pregnancies with COVID‐19 at >20+0 weeks.MethodsForty‐two consecutive pregnancies were recruited and classified into two groups: severe and non‐severe COVID‐19, according to the occurrence of severe pneumonia. Uterine artery pulsatility index (UtAPI) and angiogenic factors (soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1/placental growth factor [sFlt‐1/PlGF]) were assessed in women with suspected PE.Main outcome measuresIncidence of signs and symptoms related to PE, such as hypertension, proteinuria, thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzymes, abnormal UtAPI and increased sFlt‐1/PlGF.ResultsThirty‐four cases were classified as non‐severe and 8 as severe COVID‐19. Five (11.9%) women presented signs and symptoms of PE, all five being among the severe COVID‐19 cases (62.5%). However, abnormal sFlt‐1/PlGF and UtAPI could only be demonstrated in one case. One case remained pregnant after recovery from severe pneumonia and had a spontaneous resolution of the PE‐like syndrome.ConclusionsPregnant women with severe COVID‐19 can develop a PE‐like syndrome that might be distinguished from actual PE by sFlt‐1/PlGF, LDH and UtAPI assessment. Healthcare providers should be aware of its existence and monitor pregnancies with suspected pre‐eclampsia with caution.Tweetable abstractThis study shows that a pre‐eclampsia‐like syndrome could be present in some pregnancies with severe COVID‐19.
Postmortem Changes of Female External Genitalia and Their Importance in Suspected Sexual Abuse
Authors: Al‐Saif Dalia M. , Al‐Farayedhi Maram A. , Al‐Shamsi Ghadah A. , Al‐Bayat Marwah I. , Almadani Osama M. , Kharoshah Magdy A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExamination of the female external genitalia to assess for sexual abuse is performed in living individuals, and the interpretation of the findings is based on evidence‐based studies. However, in the deceased, no such studies are available, and postmortem changes could present as suspicious findings that can be mistaken for trauma. Patches of discoloration in the hymen were reported previously in one case as hypostasis (i.e., livor and lividity), and based on this finding, it was listed as a finding that is not associated with trauma. This was a retrospective study that was conducted in the Center of Forensic and Legal Medicine in Dammam, Saudi Arabia over a 4‐year period. The study included 30 deceased women in whom photographic documentation of their external genitalia was assessed for postmortem changes. The postmortem interval ranged from less than 24 h to more than 100 days, and the ages of these deceased women were in the 20–40 year‐old age group. In cases where the hymen, vagina, and/or fossa navicularis were clearly visible, none of these areas showed any hypostatic discoloration. A comparison between antemortem and postmortem appearance of the hymen in one case clearly showed the absence of hypostatic changes in the hymen. In conclusion, any discoloration of the external genitalia that is detected in a female decedent requires serious consideration.
Hydroxypropyl β‐cyclodextrin improving multiple stresses tolerance of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis
Authors: Cui Lianming , Lin Songyang , Yi Juanjuan , Liu Xin , Hao Limin , Ji Yizhi , Lu Laizheng , Ji Zhenyu , Kang Qiaozhen , Lu Jike 
Published: June 2020

AbstractL. lactis is known as industrial starter in the fermentation of dairy and meat products, and it plays an important role in human health as an edible probiotic. During industrial production, L. lactis often experiences different stresses that delay the growth and decrease the survival in some serious conditions. In this study, the protective effects of hydroxypropyl β‐cyclodextrin (HP β‐CD) on L. lactis under multiple stresses were investigated. The microbial cells were treated with different stresses including heat, NaCl, cold, and H2O2 stresses, and the results were showed by measuring the OD600 or spot plating method. The growth and tolerance were improved when HP β‐CD was added during different stress conditions, better than that of trehalose. Besides, the scanning electron microscopic and fluorescence spectrum studies showed that HP β‐CD could combine with L. lactis to protect the cell structure, suggesting that HP β‐CD may act as a protective agent of L. lactis. Therefore, HP β‐CD could be considered as a potential protective agent to be applied in food industry, and its protective mechanism on L. lactis still needs further investigation.
Effects of superfine grinding on asparagus pomace. Part I: Changes on physicochemical and functional properties
Authors: Gao Wenjie , Chen Feng , Zhang Lianfu , Meng Qingran 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe effects of superfine grinding on the physicochemical and functional properties of asparagus pomace were investigated. The results showed that in terms of the specific surface area, water solubility, soluble dietary fiber content, and ratio of insoluble dietary fiber to soluble dietary fiber, finer samples usually possessed better physicochemical properties compared with coarse samples. However, grinding samples excessively to produce small particle sizes could reduce the water‐holding capacity, oil‐binding capacity, and swelling capacity. In addition, the extraction of both free and bound phenolics in asparagus pomace powder samples and the samples’ absorption of both nitrite ion and glucose showed typical bell‐shaped curves, demonstrating that superfine grinding could significantly impact the various properties of asparagus pomace. This study should provide insights into the effect of micronization on the functionalities of fiber‐rich food materials.Practical ApplicationThis article deals with the effects of superfine grinding on the physicochemical and functional properties of asparagus pomace. The results showed that the properties of asparagus pomace did not always improve gradually with decreasing particle size. With a decrease in granularity, some parameters showed a bell‐shaped curve whereas others initially increased and then stabilized, indicating that in actual production, the crushing particle size should be determined according to actual needs or target parameters.
Safety of photosynthetic Synechococcus elongatus for in vivo cyanobacteria–mammalian symbiotic therapeutics
Authors: Williams Kiah M. , Wang Hanjay , Paulsen Michael J. , Thakore Akshara D. , Rieck Mary , Lucian Haley J. , Grady Frederick , Hironaka Camille E. , Chien Athena J. , Farry Justin M. , Shin Hye Sook , Jaatinen Kevin J. , Eskandari Anahita , Stapleton Lyndsay M. , Steele Amanda N. , Cohen Jeffrey E. , Woo Y. Joseph 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus (SE) has been shown to rescue ischaemic heart muscle after myocardial infarction by photosynthetic oxygen production. Here, we investigated SE toxicity and hypothesized that systemic SE exposure does not elicit a significant immune response in rats. Wistar rats intravenously received SE (n = 12), sterile saline (n = 12) or E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, n = 4), and a subset (8 SE, 8 saline) received a repeat injection 4 weeks later. At baseline, 4 h, 24 h, 48 h, 8 days and 4 weeks after injection, clinical assessments, blood cultures, blood counts, lymphocyte phenotypes, liver function tests, proinflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulins were assessed. Across all metrics, SE rats responded comparably to saline controls, displaying no clinically significant immune response. As expected, LPS rats exhibited severe immunological responses. Systemic SE administration does not induce sepsis or toxicity in rats, thereby supporting the safety of cyanobacteria–mammalian symbiotic therapeutics using this organism.
Characteristics of patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis on magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Toshima Hiroo , Ogura Ichiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionTemporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction is a common condition that is best evaluated with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the patients with TMJ osteoarthrosis on MR imaging.MethodsThe MR images of 206 TMJs of 103 patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) were evaluated retrospectively in this study. The relationship between osteoarthrosis and age, gender, TMJ pain and MR imaging findings, such as disc displacement with or without reduction and TMJ effusion, was analysed.ResultsThe patients with TMJ osteoarthrosis (mean: 51.6 years) were significantly older than those without osteoarthrosis (mean: 44.8 years, P = 0.027). The incidence of the patients with TMJ osteoarthrosis was significantly different between with (10.0 %) and without reduction (57.0 %, P < 0.001). Logistic multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that disc displacement without reduction was significant in patients with TMJ osteoarthrosis (odds ratio = 12.285, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study suggests that characteristics of the patients with TMJ osteoarthrosis on MR imaging include older and disc displacement without reduction.