bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
End-to-end automatic differentiation of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from viral pneumonia based on chest CT
Authors: Song Jiangdian , Wang Hongmei , Liu Yuchan , Wu Wenqing , Dai Gang , Wu Zongshan , Zhu Puhe , Zhang Wei , Yeom Kristen W. , Deng Kexue 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In the absence of a virus nucleic acid real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test and experienced radiologists, clinical diagnosis is challenging for viral pneumonia with clinical symptoms and CT signs similar to that of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We developed an end-to-end automatic differentiation method based on CT images to identify COVID-19 pneumonia patients in real time.

Methods
From January 18 to February 23, 2020, we conducted a retrospective study and enrolled 201 patients from two hospitals in China who underwent chest CT and RT-PCR tests, of which 98 patients tested positive for COVID-19 (118 males and 83 females, with an average age of 42 years). Patient CT images from one hospital were divided among training, validation and test datasets with an 80%:10%:10% ratio. An end-to-end representation learning method using a large-scale bi-directional generative adversarial network (BigBiGAN) architecture was designed to extract semantic features from the CT images. The semantic feature matrix was input for linear classifier construction. Patients from the other hospital were used for external validation. Differentiation accuracy was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results
Based on the 120-dimensional semantic features extracted by BigBiGAN from each image, the linear classifier results indicated that the area under the curve (AUC) in the training, validation and test datasets were 0.979, 0.968 and 0.972, respectively, with an average sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 91%. The AUC for external validation was 0.850, with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 75%. Publicly available architecture and computing resources were used throughout the study to ensure reproducibility.

Conclusion
This study provides an efficient recognition method for coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia, using an end-to-end design to implement targeted and effective isolation for the containment of this communicable disease.
Factors Associated with Prolonged Recipient Hepatectomy Time During Liver Transplantation: A Single‐Centre Experience
Authors: Ausania F. , Al Shwely F. , Farguell J. , Beltrán J. , Calatayud D. , Sánchez‐Cabús S. , Ferrer J. , Rull R. , Fuster J. , García‐Valdecasas J. C. , Martínez‐Palli G. , Fondevila C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecipient hepatectomy during liver transplantation can be a challenging operation and can increase cold ischaemic time. The aim of this study is to assess factors associated with prolonged recipient hepatectomy.MethodsFrom 2005 to 2015, 930 patients were submitted to liver transplantation in our hospital. Prolonged hepatectomy time was defined as operative time >180 min (from knife on skin to total hepatectomy). Patients undergoing early liver retransplantation and living donation were excluded.ResultsA total of 715 patients were included in our study. Median age at transplantation was 53 (18–70) years, and median BMI was 26.2 (16–40). Median hepatectomy time was 131 min. Prolonged hepatectomy time occurred in 89 (12.4%) patients. At univariate analysis, previous decompensated cirrhosis with variceal bleeding and/or ascites, higher BMI and previous abdominal surgery were associated with prolonged operating time. Higher surgeon experience and acute liver failure were associated with shorter hepatectomy time. At multivariate analysis, previous episodes of variceal bleeding (p = 0.027, OR 1.78), BMI > 27 (p = 0.01, OR 1.75), previous abdominal surgery (p = 0.04, OR 1.68) and surgeon experience (p = 0.007, OR 2.04) were independently associated with operating time. Prolonged hepatectomy time was significantly associated with cold and total ischaemic time and intraoperative bleeding (p < 0.001, p = 0.002 and p = 0.002, respectively).ConclusionsRecipient BMI, previous episodes of variceal bleeding, previous abdominal surgery and surgeon experience are independently associated with hepatectomy duration. These factors can be helpful to identify those patients with potentially prolonged hepatectomy time, and therefore, strategies can be put in place to optimize outcomes in this group of patients.
Welche Bedeutung hat die Bindehaut als möglicher Übertragungsweg für eine SARS-CoV-2-Infektion?
Authors: Lange Clemens , Wolf Julian , Auw-Haedrich Claudia , Schlecht Anja , Boneva Stefaniya , Lapp Thabo , Agostini Hansjürgen , Martin Gottfried , Reinhard Thomas , Schlunck Günther 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungAktuelle Studien haben bei ca. 1 % aller COVID-19-Patienten eine Bindehautentzündung beschrieben und spekuliert, dass SARS-CoV‑2 über die Bindehaut übertragen werden kann. In der vorliegenden Arbeit rekapitulieren wir die molekularen Mechanismen des Eintritts von SARS-CoV‑2 in die Wirtszelle und diskutieren die aktuelle Studienlage zu einer möglichen konjunktivalen Transmission. Derzeit geht man davon aus, dass SARS-CoV‑2 das membrangebundene Angiotensin-konvertierende Enzym 2 (ACE2) sowie die Membran-gebundene Serinprotease TMPRSS2 benötigt, um in die Wirtszelle einzudringen. Aktuelle Studien weisen darauf hin, dass COVID-19-Patienten nur sehr selten Virus-RNA im Tränenfilm und Bindehautabstrichen aufweisen und dass ACE2 und TMPRSS2 in der Bindehaut nur in sehr geringen Mengen gebildet werden, was eine konjunktivale Infektion durch SARS-CoV‑2 über diese Mediatoren wenig wahrscheinlich macht. Dennoch halten wir die derzeitige Studienlage für zu begrenzt, um eine abschließende Aussage treffen zu können, und empfehlen konsequente und adäquate Schutzmaßnahmen für medizinisches Personal, das in engem Kontakt mit verdächtigen und bestätigten COVID-19-Patienten steht.
The impact of atmospheric N deposition and N fertilizer type on soil nitric oxide and nitrous oxide fluxes from agricultural and forest Eutric Regosols
Authors: Song Ling , Drewer Julia , Zhu Bo , Zhou Minghua , Cowan Nicholas , Levy Peter , Skiba Ute 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAgricultural and forest soils with low organic C content and high alkalinity were studied over 17 days to investigate the potential response of the atmospheric pollutant nitric oxide (NO) and the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) on (1) increased N deposition rates to forest soil; (2) different fertilizer types to agricultural soil and (3) a simulated rain event to forest and agricultural soils. Cumulative forest soil NO emissions (148–350 ng NO-N g−1) were ~ 4 times larger than N2O emissions (37–69 ng N2O-N g−1). Contrary, agricultural soil NO emissions (21–376 ng NO-N g−1) were ~ 16 times smaller than N2O emissions (45–8491 ng N2O-N g−1). Increasing N deposition rates 10 fold to 30 kg N ha−1 yr−1, doubled soil NO emissions and NO3− concentrations. As such high N deposition rates are not atypical in China, more attention should be paid on forest soil NO research. Comparing the fertilizers urea, ammonium nitrate, and urea coated with the urease inhibitor ‘Agrotain®,’ demonstrated that the inhibitor significantly reduced NO and N2O emissions. This is an unintended, not well-known benefit, because the primary function of Agrotain® is to reduce emissions of the atmospheric pollutant ammonia. Simulating a climate change event, a large rainfall after drought, increased soil NO and N2O emissions from both agricultural and forest soils. Such pulses of emissions can contribute significantly to annual NO and N2O emissions, but currently do not receive adequate attention amongst the measurement and modeling communities.
Five-year results of heart rate control with ivabradine or metoprolol succinate in patients after heart transplantation
Authors: Rivinius Rasmus , Helmschrott Matthias , Rahm Ann-Kathrin , Darche Fabrice F. , Thomas Dierk , Bruckner Tom , Doesch Andreas O. , Katus Hugo A. , Ehlermann Philipp 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Cardiac graft denervation causes inadequate sinus tachycardia in patients after heart transplantation (HTX) which is associated with reduced survival. This study investigated the 5-year results of heart rate control with ivabradine or metoprolol succinate in patients after HTX.

Methods
This registry study analyzed 104 patients receiving either ivabradine (n = 50) or metoprolol succinate (n = 54) within 5 years after HTX. Analysis included patient characteristics, medication, echocardiographic features, cardiac catheterization data, cardiac biomarkers, heart rates, and post-transplant survival including causes of death.

Results
Demographics and post-transplant medication revealed no significant differences except for ivabradine and metoprolol succinate use. At 5-year follow-up, patients with ivabradine had a significantly lower heart rate (73.3 bpm) compared to baseline (88.6 bpm; P < 0.01) and to metoprolol succinate (80.4 bpm; P < 0.01), a reduced left ventricular mass (154.8 g) compared to baseline (179.5 g; P < 0.01) and to metoprolol succinate (177.3 g; P < 0.01), a lower left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP; 12.0 mmHg) compared to baseline (15.5 mmHg; P < 0.01) and to metoprolol succinate (17.1 mmHg; P < 0.01), and a reduced NT-proBNP level (525.4 pg/ml) compared to baseline (3826.3 pg/ml; P < 0.01) and to metoprolol succinate (1038.9 pg/ml; P < 0.01). Five-year post-transplant survival was significantly better in patients with ivabradine (90.0%) versus metoprolol succinate (68.5%; P < 0.01).

Conclusion
Patients receiving ivabradine showed a superior heart rate reduction and a better left ventricular diastolic function along with an improved 5-year survival after HTX.
Whey protein consumption following fasted exercise reduces early postprandial glycaemia in centrally obese males: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Allerton Dean M. , West Daniel J. , Stevenson Emma J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Acute submaximal exercise and whey protein supplementation have been reported to improve postprandial metabolic and appetite responses to a subsequent meal independently. We aimed to examine the combination of these strategies on postprandial responses to a carbohydrate-rich breakfast.

Methods
Twelve centrally obese males (age 41 ± 3 years, waist circumference 123.4 ± 2.9 cm), completed three trials in a single-blind, crossover design. Participants rested for 30 min (CON) or completed 30 min low–moderate-intensity treadmill walking (51 ± 1% $${{\dot{V}O}}_{\text{2peak}}$$

V
˙

O

2peak

) followed immediately by ingestion of 20 g whey protein (EX + PRO) or placebo (EX). After 15 min, a standardised breakfast was consumed and blood, expired gas and subjective appetite were sampled postprandially. After 240 min, an ad libitum lunch meal was provided to assess energy intake.

Results
During EX + PRO, post-breakfast peak blood glucose was reduced when compared with EX and CON (EX + PRO: 7.6 ± 0.4 vs EX: 8.4 ± 0.3; CON: 8.3 ± 0.3 mmol l−1, p ≤ 0.04). Early postprandial glucose AUC0–60 min was significantly lower under EX + PRO than EX (p = 0.011), but not CON (p = 0.12). Over the full postprandial period, AUC0–240 min during EX + PRO did not differ from other trials (p > 0.05). Peak plasma insulin concentrations and AUC0–240 min were higher during EX + PRO than CON, but similar to EX. Plasma triglyceride concentrations, substrate oxidation and subjective appetite responses were similar across trials and ad libitum energy intake was not influenced by prior fasted exercise, nor its combination with whey protein supplementation (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Following fasted low–moderate-intensity exercise, consuming whey protein before breakfast may improve postprandial glucose excursions, without influencing appetite or subsequent energy intake, in centrally obese males.

Trial registration number
NCT02714309.
Enhanced axonal response of mitochondria to demyelination offers neuroprotection: implications for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Licht-Mayer Simon , Campbell Graham R. , Canizares Marco , Mehta Arpan R. , Gane Angus B. , McGill Katie , Ghosh Aniket , Fullerton Alexander , Menezes Niels , Dean Jasmine , Dunham Jordon , Al-Azki Sarah , Pryce Gareth , Zandee Stephanie , Zhao Chao , Kipp Markus , Smith Kenneth J. , Baker David , Altmann Daniel , Anderton Stephen M. , Kap Yolanda S. , Laman Jon D. , Hart Bert A.‘t , Rodriguez Moses , Watzlawick Ralf , Schwab Jan M. , Carter Roderick , Morton Nicholas , Zagnoni Michele , Franklin Robin J. M. , Mitchell Rory , Fleetwood-Walker Sue , Lyons David A. , Chandran Siddharthan , Lassmann Hans , Trapp Bruce D. , Mahad Don J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAxonal loss is the key pathological substrate of neurological disability in demyelinating disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the consequences of demyelination on neuronal and axonal biology are poorly understood. The abundance of mitochondria in demyelinated axons in MS raises the possibility that increased mitochondrial content serves as a compensatory response to demyelination. Here, we show that upon demyelination mitochondria move from the neuronal cell body to the demyelinated axon, increasing axonal mitochondrial content, which we term the axonal response of mitochondria to demyelination (ARMD). However, following demyelination axons degenerate before the homeostatic ARMD reaches its peak. Enhancement of ARMD, by targeting mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial transport from the cell body to axon, protects acutely demyelinated axons from degeneration. To determine the relevance of ARMD to disease state, we examined MS autopsy tissue and found a positive correlation between mitochondrial content in demyelinated dorsal column axons and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) deficiency in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neuronal cell bodies. We experimentally demyelinated DRG neuron-specific complex IV deficient mice, as established disease models do not recapitulate complex IV deficiency in neurons, and found that these mice are able to demonstrate ARMD, despite the mitochondrial perturbation. Enhancement of mitochondrial dynamics in complex IV deficient neurons protects the axon upon demyelination. Consequently, increased mobilisation of mitochondria from the neuronal cell body to the axon is a novel neuroprotective strategy for the vulnerable, acutely demyelinated axon. We propose that promoting ARMD is likely to be a crucial preceding step for implementing potential regenerative strategies for demyelinating disorders.
The Schläfli Fan
Authors: Joswig Michael , Panizzut Marta , Sturmfels Bernd 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSmooth tropical cubic surfaces are parametrized by maximal cones in the unimodular secondary fan of the triple tetrahedron. There are $$344\, 843 \,867$$

344

843

867

such cones, organized into a database of $$14\,373\,645$$

14

373

645

symmetry classes. The Schläfli fan gives a further refinement of these cones. It reveals all possible patterns of lines on tropical cubic surfaces, thus serving as a combinatorial base space for the universal Fano variety. This article develops the relevant theory and offers a blueprint for the analysis of big data in tropical geometry.
Outcomes and quality of life after major bile duct injury in long-term follow-up
Authors: Koppatz Hanna , Sallinen Ville , Mäkisalo Heikki , Nordin Arno 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Recently new standards for reporting outcomes of bile duct injury (BDI) have been proposed. It is unclear how these treatment outcomes are reflected in quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study was to report outcomes and QOL after repair of major BDI and compare repairs by hepatobiliary surgeon to repairs by non-hepatobiliary surgeons.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of patients treated for major (Strasberg E-type) BDI after cholecystectomy at a tertiary hepatobiliary center. Outcomes were assessed using Cho-Strasberg proposed standards. QOL was assessed using Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the gastrointestinal QOL-index (GIQLI). Patients undergoing uneventful cholecystectomy matched by age, urgency, and duration of follow-up were used as controls.

Results
Fifty-two patients with major BDI treated between 2000 and 2016 were included (42% male, median age 53 years). Thirty-seven (71%) patients attained primary patency (29 (83%) if primarily operated by a hepatobiliary surgeon). Actuarial primary patency rate (grade A result) at 1, 3, and 5 years was 58%, 56%, and 53% in the whole cohort, and 83%, 80%, and 80% in patients primary treated by a hepatobiliary surgeon, respectively. At 3-year follow-up 6 (11.5%) patients obtained grade B, 10 (19.2%) grade C, and 7 (13.5%) grade D result. QOL was similar in patients with BDI and controls (median SF-36 physical component 51.7 and 53.6, p = 1.0, mental component 53.3 and 53.4, p = 1.0, GIQLI 109.0 and 123.0, p = 0.174, respectively) at median 90 (IQR 70–116) months from cholecystectomy. QOL was similar regardless of outcome grade.

Conclusion
First attempt to repair a severe BDI should be undertaken by a hepatobiliary surgeon. However, long-term QOL is not affected even by severe BDI, and QOL is not associated with the grade of the outcome.
A transformer-based approach to irony and sarcasm detection
Authors: Potamias Rolandos Alexandros , Siolas Georgios , Stafylopatis Andreas - Georgios 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFigurative language (FL) seems ubiquitous in all social media discussion forums and chats, posing extra challenges to sentiment analysis endeavors. Identification of FL schemas in short texts remains largely an unresolved issue in the broader field of natural language processing, mainly due to their contradictory and metaphorical meaning content. The main FL expression forms are sarcasm, irony and metaphor. In the present paper, we employ advanced deep learning methodologies to tackle the problem of identifying the aforementioned FL forms. Significantly extending our previous work (Potamias et al., in: International conference on engineering applications of neural networks, Springer, Berlin, pp 164–175, 2019), we propose a neural network methodology that builds on a recently proposed pre-trained transformer-based network architecture which is further enhanced with the employment and devise of a recurrent convolutional neural network. With this setup, data preprocessing is kept in minimum. The performance of the devised hybrid neural architecture is tested on four benchmark datasets, and contrasted with other relevant state-of-the-art methodologies and systems. Results demonstrate that the proposed methodology achieves state-of-the-art performance under all benchmark datasets, outperforming, even by a large margin, all other methodologies and published studies.
The reproducibility of electronic color measurements of the marginal gingiva
Authors: Staedt Henning , Mally Eva , Scheller Herbert , Wentaschek Stefan , Kämmerer Peer Wolfgang , Kasaj Adrian , Devigus Alessandro , Lehmann Karl Martin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction
This study evaluated the reproducibility of electronic color determination system evaluations of the marginal gingiva, which could be important for adhesive cervical fillings or prosthetic restorations that imitate the gingiva.

Material and methods
In 50 subjects, the L*, a*, and b* color coordinates were evaluated five times at a point in the marginal area of a central incisor using different electronic color determination systems: (SP) Shadepilot, (ES) Easyshade, (CE) Crystaleye, and (SV) X-Rite. The mean color difference (ΔE) and its standard deviation between the five measurements from each participant were calculated separately for each device. Further ICC for interdevice reliability was determined.

Results
The L*, a*, and b* color coordinates and ΔE values differed significantly among the systems (p < 0.001). Within each patient and measurement system, ΔE ranged from 1.4 to 3.2 (SD 1.1–2.5), L* from 2.6 to 5.7 (SD 2.6–5.7), a* from 11.9 to 21.3 (SD 3.6–3.9), and b* from 15.1 to 28.9 (SD 1.7–4.3). Interdevice reliability ranged between 0.675 and 0.807.

Conclusions
Color determination of the marginal gingiva using the electronic tooth color determination systems tested herein showed limited reproducibility. The results obtained with the different measurement systems differed enormously.

Clinical relevance
These results show that the electronic color measurement devices tested allow no high reproducible determination of color coordinates of the marginal gingiva.
Self-injury from early adolescence to early adulthood: age-related course, recurrence, and services use in males and females from the community
Authors: Steinhoff Annekatrin , Ribeaud Denis , Kupferschmid Stephan , Raible-Destan Nesrin , Quednow Boris B. , Hepp Urs , Eisner Manuel , Shanahan Lilly 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdolescent self-injury is a widespread public health problem, but long-term longitudinal studies from European countries are rare. Self-injury in males and sex differences are poorly understood. This study describes the prevalence, frequency, age-related course, and recurrence of, and mental health services use related to adolescent self-injury. Data came from a Swiss prospective-longitudinal cohort study (N = 1482). Adolescents (52% male) reported frequency of self-injury and mental health services use (including reasons for and types of services use, hospitalizations) at ages 13, 15, 17, and 20. Between ages 13–20, 27% of adolescents reported self-injury at least once. In males, prevalence decreased from 12 to 5%; in females self-injury peaked at age 15 (16%) and then decreased (11% at age 20). In males, recurrence of self-injury increased after age 15 (from odds ratio [OR] < 3 to OR > 10); in females, recurrence was high from age 13 onwards (OR > 5). Predictors of recurrence included childhood/early adolescent internalizing symptoms and early self-injury onset. Typically, less than half of adolescents with self-injury used mental health services. Males with self-injury used services mainly for externalizing problems, learning difficulties, and attention/concentration problems; females for depression or self-injury, family problems, and victimization. Types of services used changed with age, and adolescents with self-injury had increased rates of hospitalization. There are notable sex differences in the longitudinal course of self-injury and reasons for related mental health services use. Treating early internalizing symptoms could be a promising target for preventing recurrent self-injury. Males are at particular risk of not receiving adequate treatment for self-injury.
Three-dimensional Analysis of Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope Sections Reveals an Array of Microtubules in the Cleavage Furrow of Sea Urchin Eggs
Authors: Larkin K. , Danilchik M.V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOur recent observation that microtubules (MTs) are required for completion of division (abscission) led us to analyze MT organization during cytokinesis. Although many studies of MTs in sea urchin eggs have been done, computer-aided analysis of optical sections described herein reveals a new MT assemblage, which we call furrow MTs. This assemblage comprises bundles of MTs that lie in the cleavage furrow. Furrow MTs become apparent when the furrow has progressed approximately one-third of the way through the egg and persist to abscission. Furrow MTs are 8–24-µm long and arc across the base of the cleavage furrow. Acetylated tubulin is localized primarily in the furrow suggesting a distinct MT population. Three-dimensional analysis of optical sections suggests that furrow MTs are spatially distinct from midbody and astral MTs.