bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Campylobacter Infection and its Sensitivity in Retail Pork
Authors: Gautam Aasish , Neupane Sushil , Kaphle Krishna 
Published: June 2020

Food safety and security are serious concerns to the world. The growing population, depleting resources demand that judicious production is key and ensuring that the product is safe from the farm is a collective responsibility. Pork is the source of most consumed animal protein on the planet. Concerns of various type from chemical residues, environment pollution and source of pandemic diseases have challenged the growth of the pork industry. There is strong correlation between contamination of pork by pathogens like, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Toxoplasma gondii, Listeria monocytogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Trichinella spiralis and human health hazard. The purpose of this study is to outline the possible risk factors, antibiotic susceptibility pattern, prevalence, possible reason behind high prevalence and developed resistance and possible control measures for Campylobacter spp. (C. coli and C. jejuni). The risk factor analysis-based research clearly indicated that possible contamination is due to unhygienic slaughtering, evisceration and processing practices. Prevalence is more in the retail meat of Nepal than other countries. The commonly used antibiotics in Nepal are not fully sensitive. The developed resistance might be due to overuse or misuse of antibiotics which may lead to post antibiotics era. Strict slaughtering procedure, HACCP (hazard analysis and critical point) and GMP (good manufacturing practices) during slaughtering are prerequisities for Campylobacter control in carcass. We need to focus through individual, policymaker, health professional level for enhancement of pig industry with strict biosecurity measures at farm level of Nepal.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(2): 132-139
Rooftop Gardening as A Need for Sustainable Urban Farming: A case of Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Thapa Sandesh , Nainabasti Anjal , Acharya Sashila , Rai Neha , Bhandari Rakshya 
Published: June 2020

Rooftop gardening is one of the present needs for urban settlement for solving food security problems and promoting sustainable agriculture. To highlight the present status of rooftop gardening in Kathmandu a key informant survey was conducted where 52 respondents were selected where the majority of the rooftop garden maintainers were females (52.8%). All of the respondents have a positive response regarding rooftop gardening and was significant with a year of farming in roofs (χ²= 45, df= 9, P-value=0.000) and the area covered by rooftop farms range from 5-13%. There was a significant monetary value of the soft benefit from rooftop garden as food production ($3456.86), air quality ($11-19), stormwater retention ($20609), and carbon sequestration ($6-7) benefits. However, the traditional method was employed to maintain rooftop gardens with planting materials such as plastic bags, pots, and styrofoam carats. Since constraints were recorded in the study area regarding rooftop farming establishment and also is continuing, thus, there should be proper training for the individuals interested in rooftop gardening which enables them to manage and continue their farms more efficiently.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(2): 241-246
Macroeconomic Determinants of Stock Market Prices in Nepal
Authors: Panta Bhim Prasad 
Published: June 2020

Background: Stock market plays a crucial role in the financial system of a country. It can be viewed as a channel through which resources are properly channelized. It enables the governments and industry to raise long-term capital for financing new projects. The stock markets of developing economies are likely to be sensitive to various macro-economic factors such as GDP, imports, exports, exchange rates etc., when there is high demand on financial products, as a constituent of financial market, ultimately stock market needs to develop. Many factors can be a signal to stock market participants to expect a higher or lower return when investing in stock and one of these factors are macroeconomic variables and thus, macro-economic variables tend to effect on stock market development.
Objective: This study examines the linkage between stock market prices (NEPSE index) and five macro-economic variables, namely; real GDP, broad money supply, interest rate, inflation, and exchange rate using ARDL model and to explain the behavior of the Nepal Stock Exchange Index.
Methods: The ECM which is delivered from ARDL model through simple linear transformation to integrate short run adjustments with long run equilibrium without losing long run information. The analysis has been done by using 25 years' annual data from 1994 to 2019.
Findings: The result suggests that the fluctuation of Nepse Index in long run is strongly associated with broad money supply, interest rate, inflation, and exchange rate.
Conclusion: Though Nepalese stock market is in primitive stage, broad money supply, interest rate, inflation and exchange rate are major factors affecting stock market price of Nepal. So, policies and strategies should be made and directed taking these in to consideration.
Implication: The findings of research can be helpful to understand the behavior of Nepalese stock market and develop policies for market stabilization.
Externalisierung von prozess-spezifischem Mitarbeiterwissen im Produktionsumfeld
Authors: Hörner Lorenz , Schamberger Markus , Bodendorf Freimut 
Published: June 2020

Kurzfassung
Mitarbeiter im direkten Produktionsumfeld sind durch die zunehmende Komplexität in der industriellen Produktion mit immer weiter steigenden Anforderungen an ihre Tätigkeiten konfrontiert. Das Wissen über individuelle Produktionsprozesse und spezifische Problem-lösungsstrategien liegt dabei oftmals nicht in expliziter Form, sondern hauptsächlich als implizites Erfahrungswissen vor. Zur Verfügbarmachung von produktionsbezogenem Wissen ist deshalb ein systematisches Vorgehen zur Wissensexternalisierung, -speicherung und -wiederverwendung erforderlich. Basierend auf einer Kombination und Adaption verschiedener Methoden aus den Bereichen des Wissensmanagements sowie der Sozialforschung stellt dieser Beitrag zuerst einen Ansatz zur Externalisierung von prozessspezifischem Mitarbeiterwissen vor. Anschließend findet eine Verprobung der entwickelten Methodik in einem kontinuierlichen Fertigungsszenario statt.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Indentation of Orthotropic Microplates with Finite Thickness
Authors: Melaibari A. , Wagih A. , Eltaher M. A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article presents comparative experimental and numerical studies to investigate the deformation and contact force of orthotropic microplates under indentation test. A simple model is developed to obtain the 3D homogenized elastic properties of orthotropic materials. In the FE simulation, the microplate is assumed to be a fully elastic orthotropic composite, and the indenter is a rigid body. Experimental indentation test is performed to obtain load-displacement curve, indentation profile, and maximum indentation depth. The numerical studies are performed to investigate the effect of indenter radius, material orthotropy, and microplate thickness on deformation of microplate under indentation load and contact pressure. The numerical model is applied to simulate two different load conditions: microplate rested on a fully supported rigid fixture, and microplate rested on a hollow support rigid fixture with circular cut-out. Numerical and experimental studies achieve excellent agreement and good correlation proving the validity of the proposed homogenization model. These parametric studies proved that the indentation behavior of orthotropic laminated structures is material independent and it depends greatly on the plate thickness.
Pengukuran, Assessment dan Evaluasi dalam Pembelajaran Matematika
Authors: Zainal Nur Fitriani 
Published: June 2020

Evaluasi merupakan salah satu komponen penting dan tahap yang harus ditempuh oleh guru untuk mengetahui keefektifan pembelajaran. Hasil yang diperoleh dari evaluasi dapat dijadikan pertimbangan bagi guru dalam memperbaiki dan menyempurnakan program dan kegiatan pembelajaran. Istilah-istilah yang digunakan dalam sistem evaluasi, yaitu pengukuran, penilaian, dan evaluasi. Penelitian ini merupakan library research yang mengkaji referensi tentang pengukuran, assessment, dan evaluasi dalam pembelajaran matematika. Dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, evaluasi didahului oleh penilaian (assessment), sedangkan penilaian didahului oleh pengukuran. Dalam pengukuran, dilakukan kegiatan membandingkan hasil pengamatan dengan kriteria. Kemudian, hasil pengukuran ditafsirkan dan dideskripsikan dalam proses penilaian. Selanjutnya, evaluasi, yaitu menetapkan nilai atau implikasi perilaku. Jenis instrumen yang digunakan pada penilaian adalah tes dan non-tes. Langkah dalam menganalisis hasil non-tes, yaitu: a) mentransfer data kualitatif hasil angket menjadi data kuantitatif dan b) membandingkan total skor (rerata skor) tiap siswa dengan total skor netral (rerata skor netral). Di sisi lain, langkah yang digunakan untuk menganalisis hasil tes, yaitu: a) menskor dan b) penafsiran skor tes.
A comparison of the perioperative outcomes of anterior surgical techniques for the treatment of multilevel degenerative cervical myelopathy
Authors: Badhiwala Jetan H. , Leung Sean N. , Ellenbogen Yosef , Akbar Muhammad A. , Martin Allan R. , Jiang Fan , Wilson Jamie R. F. , Nassiri Farshad , Witiw Christopher D. , Wilson Jefferson R. , Fehlings Michael G. 
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVEDegenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is the most common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in adults. Multilevel ventral compressive pathology is routinely managed through anterior decompression and reconstruction, but there remains uncertainty regarding the relative safety and efficacy of multiple discectomies, multiple corpectomies, or hybrid corpectomy-discectomy. To that end, using a large national administrative healthcare data set, the authors sought to compare the perioperative outcomes of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF), and hybrid corpectomy-discectomy for multilevel DCM.METHODSPatients with a primary diagnosis of DCM who underwent an elective anterior cervical decompression and reconstruction operation over 3 cervical spinal segments were identified from the 2012–2017 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Patients were separated into those undergoing 3-level discectomy, 2-level corpectomy, or a hybrid procedure (single-level corpectomy plus additional single-level discectomy). Outcomes included 30-day mortality, major complication, reoperation, and readmission, as well as operative duration, length of stay (LOS), and routine discharge home. Outcomes were compared between treatment groups by multivariable regression, adjusting for age and comorbidities (modified Frailty Index). Effect sizes were reported by adjusted odds ratio (aOR) or mean difference (aMD) and associated 95% confidence interval.RESULTSThe study cohort consisted of 1298 patients; of these, 713 underwent 3-level ACDF, 314 2-level ACCF, and 271 hybrid corpectomy-discectomy. There was no difference in 30-day mortality, reoperation, or readmission among the 3 procedures. However, on both univariate and adjusted analyses, compared to 3-level ACDF, 2-level ACCF was associated with significantly greater risk of major complication (aOR 2.82, p = 0.005), longer hospital LOS (aMD 0.8 days, p = 0.002), and less frequent discharge home (aOR 0.59, p = 0.046). In contrast, hybrid corpectomy-discectomy had comparable outcomes to 3-level ACDF but was associated with significantly shorter operative duration (aMD −16.9 minutes, p = 0.002).CONCLUSIONSThe authors found multiple discectomies and hybrid corpectomy-discectomy to have a comparable safety profile in treating multilevel DCM. In contrast, multiple corpectomies were associated with a higher complication rate, longer hospital LOS, and lower likelihood of being discharged directly home from the hospital, and may therefore be a higher-risk operation.
Unilateral pallidotomy as a potential rescue therapy for cervical dystonia after unsatisfactory selective peripheral denervation
Authors: Lai Yijie , Huang Peng , Zhang Chencheng , Hu Liangyun , ME  , Deng Zhengdao , Li Dianyou , Sun Bomin , Liu Wei , Zhan Shikun 
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVESelective peripheral denervation (SPD) is a widely accepted surgery for medically refractory cervical dystonia (CD), but when SPD has failed, the available approaches are limited. The authors investigated the results from a cohort of CD patients treated with unilateral pallidotomy after unsatisfactory SPD.METHODSThe authors retrospectively analyzed patients with primary CD who underwent unilateral pallidotomy after SPD between April 2007 and August 2019. The Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) was used to evaluate symptom severity before surgery, 7 days postsurgery, 3 months postsurgery, and at the last follow-up. TWSTRS subscores for disability and pain and the 24-item Craniocervical Dystonia Questionnaire (CDQ-24) were used to assess quality of life.RESULTSAt a mean final follow-up of 5 years, TWSTRS severity subscores and total scores were significantly improved (n = 12, mean improvement 57.3% and 62.3%, respectively, p = 0.0022 and p = 0.0022), and 8 of 12 patients (66.7%) were characterized as responders (improvement ≥ 25%). Patients with rotation symptoms before pallidotomy showed greater improvement in TWSTRS severity subscores than those who did not (p = 0.049). The most common adverse event was mild upper-limb weakness (n = 3). Patients’ quality of life was also improved.CONCLUSIONSUnilateral pallidotomy seems to offer an effective and safe option for patients with CD who have otherwise experienced limited benefits from SPD.
Reliability and quality of online patient education videos for lateral lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: White Michael D. , Latour Kristy , Giordano Martina , Taylor Tavis , Agarwal Nitin 
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVEThere is an increasing trend among patients and their families to seek medical knowledge on the internet. Patients undergoing surgical interventions, including lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF), often rely on online videos as a first source of knowledge to familiarize themselves with the procedure. In this study the authors sought to investigate the reliability and quality of LLIF-related online videos.METHODSIn December 2018, the authors searched the YouTube platform using 3 search terms: lateral lumbar interbody fusion, LLIF surgery, and LLIF. The relevance-based ranking search option was used, and results from the first 3 pages were investigated. Only videos from universities, hospitals, and academic associations were included for final evaluation. By means of the DISCERN instrument, a validated measure of reliability and quality for online patient education resources, 3 authors of the present study independently evaluated the quality of information.RESULTSIn total, 296 videos were identified by using the 3 search terms. Ten videos met inclusion criteria and were further evaluated. The average (± SD) DISCERN video quality assessment score for these 10 videos was 3.42 ± 0.16. Two videos (20%) had an average score above 4, corresponding to a high-quality source of information. Of the remaining 8 videos, 6 (60%) scored moderately, in the range of 3–4, indicating that the publication is reliable but important information is missing. The final 2 videos (20%) had a low average score (2 or below), indicating that they are unlikely to be of any benefit and should not be used. Videos with intraoperative clips were significantly more popular, as indicated by the numbers of likes and views (p = 0.01). There was no correlation between video popularity and DISCERN score (p = 0.104). In August 2019, the total number of views for the 10 videos in the final analysis was 537,785.CONCLUSIONSThe findings of this study demonstrate that patients who seek to access information about LLIF by using the YouTube platform will be presented with an overall moderate quality of educational content on this procedure. Moreover, compared with videos that provide patient information on treatments used in other medical fields, videos providing information on LLIF surgery are still exiguous. In view of the increasing trend to seek medical knowledge on the YouTube platform, and in order to support and optimize patient education on LLIF surgery, the authors encourage academic neurosurgery institutions in the United States and worldwide to implement the release of reliable video educational content.
Expression of Ki-67 and CD34 on blood and bone marrow cells of CML patients with different response to imatinib and nilotinib therapy
Authors: Perekhrestenko T. , Melnyk U. , Goryainova N. , Diagil I. 
Published: June 2020

Summary. Aim: To assess the expression of Ki-67 protein and CD34 antigen on peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients with different response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) imatinib (IM) and nilotinib (NI) therapy. Patients and Methods: BM aspirate and PB samples from 41 CML patients treated with IM and NI were studied by cytogenetic, molecular genetic, and flow cytometry methods. According to the response to TKIs, the patients were distributed into the optimal response, warning, and treatment failure groups. Results: The patients with optimal response to TKI therapy showed the lowest levels of Ki-67 expression in PB and BM compared with the patients from warning and falure treatment groups, however, Ki-67 expression was close to the reference values in PB (0.7 ± 0.3)%, only in NI-treated patients, The highest expression of Ki-67 in PB was observed in patients from treatment failure groups. In PB of patients who received NI and did not achieve optimal response, CD34+ cell count increased by almost 4 times compared with that in the optimal response group. The results indicated that CD34+ cell pool expanded in patients with poor response to both IM and NI. In patients with optimal response to NI therapy, CD34+ cell counts in PB were within the reference range ​​and did not exceed 0.5%. Similar results were observed for Ki-67 and CD34+ in BM hematopoietic cells. Conclusions: Ki-67 expression and CD34+ cell count in PB and BM of CML patients increased with the acquisition of clonal resistance to IM and NI. NI provides a deeper molecular response compared with IM.
Toll like receptors agonists-based nanomedicines as veterinary immunotherapies
Authors: Parra Federico L , Morilla María J , Romero Eder L 
Published: June 2020

<img src=” https://s3.amazonaws.com/production.scholastica/article/13493/large/prnano_482020_ga.jpg?1593185863”> Many infections affecting animals enter across mucosa, needing of secretory immunity to reject the disease; protection against some pathogens must be early, fast, and specifically elicited, while from others must be wide enough to fight against variable serotypes. Today, however, most veterinary vaccines are injectable (not recommended for chicken and small fishes), aimed to control clinical signs instead of eradicating the disease and poor inducers of secretory immunity. These drawbacks are compensated by vaccination with live attenuated agents, by using potentially toxic oily adjuvants and with indiscriminate use of antibiotics. In this review, the benefits of commercial and experimental nanomedicines acting as immunostimulants and vaccine adjuvants made of toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists loaded in nanoparticles (NP-TLR agonists), are presented. NP-TLR agonists induce a magnified, site-limited triggering of innate immunity; also allow modifying the administration route from injectable to mucosal or nebulized, provide structural protection to TLR agonists and avoid their diffusion far from the administration site. Future implementation of immunotherapies based on NP-TLR agonists will be discussed as a function of scale production feasibility.
Elevated circulating endothelin-1 as a potential biomarker for high-risk COVID-19 severity
Authors: Farhangrazi Z Shadi , Moghimi S Moein 
Published: June 2020

<img src=” https://s3.amazonaws.com/production.scholastica/article/13525/large/prnano_512020_ga.jpg?1593450067”> There is a disproportionately higher rate of adverse outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients of male sex, select ethnicity, and individuals with obesity and those that tend to have endothelial dysfunction (e.g., hypertensives, diabetics and individuals with coronary heart disease and respiratory system diseases). Endotheliitis across vascular beds of multiple organs, thrombosis and ischaemia are among common pathological features of severe COVID-19 cases. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is the most potent vasoconstrictor of the human cardiovascular system and a culprit of endothelial dysfunction. Elevated circulating ET-1 levels are a predictor of cardiovascular disease status and have been correlated with racial/ethnic differences in microvascular and macrovascular diseases severity and prognosis as well as with old age associated endothelial dysfunction. Here, we propose elevated circulating ET-1 levels as a plausible biomarker and prognostic tool in predicting individuals at high risk of developing severe COVID-19. In addition to this, we also propose ET-1 gene variants and expression patterns might also cause predisposition for an increased risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection severity in some individuals and/or populations. READ THE ARTICLE (https://doi.org/10.33218/001c.13525)
A LEITURA DE IMAGENS DO TRATADO MATHESIS BICEPS: VETUS ET NOVA NA ARTICULAÇÃO ENTRE HISTÓRIA DA MATEMÁTICA E ENSINO
Authors: Pereira Marisa Raquel de Melo , Trivizoli Lucieli M. 
Published: June 2020

O presente estudo apresenta alguns resultados de nossa pesquisa de mestrado em que apresentamos uma proposta didática buscando a articulação entre História da Matemática e ensino por meio da leitura de imagens presentes no tratado Mathesis Biceps: Vetus et Nova (1670) de JuanCaramuel y Lobkowitz (1606 – 1682). A partir do estudo dos contextos de produção do referido tratado, da busca de informações sobre seu autor e pautados na didática da pedagogia histórico-crítica elencamos conteúdos de Matemática do Ensino Fundamental que podem ser explicados tendo comoponto de partida a leitura das imagens escolhidas. Para esse texto, apresentamos nossas ideias para a proposta de trabalho dos conteúdos de Proporcionalidade e Semelhança, com ênfase na Semelhança de Triângulos.
CONCEPÇÕES DE MATEMÁTICA E DE REALIDADE: UMA PERSPECTIVA DE ESTUDANTES DE LICENCIATURA
Authors: Puhl Cassiano Scott , Lara Isabel Cristina Machado de 
Published: June 2020

Este artigo apresenta um estudo de caso com licenciandos de Matemática de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior particular do município de Porto Alegre, cujo objetivo é identificar a percepção que possuem acerca de Matemática, de realidade, e o modo como entendem a realidade nos livros didáticos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário virtual, enviado para todos os acadêmicos, com perguntas abertas, obtendo uma amostra de 14 licenciandos. O método de análise foi a Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD), definindo as categorias a priori para a concepção de Matemática e de Realidade e categorias emergentes para a percepção dos licenciandos sobre a realidade nos livros didáticos. A análise evidencia que os participantes associam a realidade com o mundo externo, sendo perceptível pelos sentidos. Em relação à Matemática, identificam-se duas categorias distintas: Ciência exata de verdades absolutas; Ciência em desenvolvimento de verdades relativas. Além disso, constatou-se que as percepções de realidade e de Matemática dos licenciandos tem implicação direta no modo como percebem a realidade nos livros didáticos, pois a maioria entendeque exercícios contextualizados representam a realidade. Por fim, têm-se fortes indícios que os licenciandos não sabem diferenciar o significado entre contexto e realidade.