bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of digital image analysis on the acrylamide derivative monomers induced apoptosis in rat cerebrum
Authors: Ünver Saraydin Serpil , Saraydin Dursun , Şahin İnan Zeynep Deniz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNowadays, apoptosis is mostly evaluated visually in histological studies. By using the quantitative digital image analysis, this study aimed to investigate the effect of acrylamide‐based monomers (acrylamide [AAm], methacrylamide [MAAm], N‐isopropylacrylamide [NIPAm]) on the cerebrum tissues in rats, which are the most common water‐soluble monomers in the production of polymeric hydrogels used as biomaterials. The Wistar albino rats weighing ~220–240 g were divided into control and three test groups. The control group received 1 mL of saline, and the test groups received 1 mL of aqueous 50 mg/kg/day intramuscular injection of AAm, MAAm, and NIPAm, respectively. At the end of the experiments, brain tissues of all rats euthanized by intramuscular injection of sodium pentobarbital were removed. Terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP nick and labeling (TUNEL) method was applied to brain tissue sections. The monomers have been shown to cause apoptosis due to oxidative stress in cerebrum tissue. Based on apoptosis by tunneling method, quantitative digital image analysis of cell fragments was performed with Olympus cellSens Dimension 1.15 software, and the number, total count area, selected area, average area, and ROI% values of the fragments were found. In addition, the total area and ROI% values of the fragments increased linearly with increasing the molar mass of monomers from the digital image analysis data. Quantitative digital image analysis can facilitate the monitoring of apoptosis caused by the oxidative stress of monomers used in the production of the biomaterials.
Synthesis and antibacterial activity of chalcone derivatives containing thioether triazole
Authors: Chen Ying , Li Pu , Chen Mei , He Jun , Su Shijun , He Ming , Wang Hua , Xue Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe infection of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae (Xoo), Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Citri (Xac) has become a major problem in agricultural production. In this study, a series of novel chalcone derivatives containing thioether triazoles were designed and synthesized. The structures of the novel compounds were systematically characterized via 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and HRMS. Moreover, the antibacterial activity results showed that E10, E11, E15, and E16 have adequate antibacterial activities against Xoo, Rs, and Xac. Among the different compounds, E15 exhibited remarkable inhibitory effect against Xac with an EC50 of 9.1 μg.mL‐1, which was better than that of commercial agent bismerthiazol (54.9 μg.mL‐1). In addition, the possible antibacterial mechanism of the target compound E15 against Xac was studied via scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Effectiveness of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation according to heart failure etiology
Authors: Black‐Maier Eric , Steinberg Benjamin A. , Trulock Kevin M. , Wang Frances , Lokhnygina Yuliya , O'Neal Wanda , Al‐Khatib Sana , Atwater Brett D. , Daubert James P. , Frazier‐Mills Camille , Hegland Donald D. , Jackson Kevin P. , Jackson Larry R. , Koontz Jason I. , Lewis Robert K. , Sun Albert Y. , Thomas Kevin L. , Bahnson Tristram D. , Piccini Jonathan P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCatheter ablation is an important rhythm control therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) with concomitant heart failure (HF). The objective of this study was to assess the comparative efficacy of AF ablation patients with ischemic vs nonischemic heart failure.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, observational cohort study of patients with HF who underwent AF ablation. Outcomes were compared based on HF etiology and included in‐hospital events, symptoms (Mayo AF Symptom Inventory [MAFSI]), and functional status (New York Heart Association class) and freedom from atrial arrhythmias at 12 months.ResultsAmong 242 patients (n = 70 [29%] ischemic, n = 172 [71%] nonischemic), patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy were younger (mean age 64 ± 11.5 vs 69 ± 9.1, P = .002), more often female (36% vs 17%, P = .004), and had higher mean left‐ventricular ejection fraction (47% vs 42%, P = .0007). There were no significant differences in periprocedural characteristics, including mean procedure time (243 ± 74.2 vs 259 ± 81.8 minutes, P = .1) and nonleft atrial ablation (17% vs 20%, P = .6). All‐cause adverse events were similar in each group (15% vs 17%, P = .7). NYHA and MAFSI scores improved significantly at follow‐up and did not differ according to HF etiology (P = .5; P = .10‐1.00 after Bonferroni correction). There were no significant differences in freedom from recurrent atrial arrhythmia at 12‐months between ischemic (74%) and nonischemic patients (78%): adjusted RR 0.63, 95% confidence interval 0.33‐1.19.ConclusionsCatheter ablation in patients with AF and concomitant heart failure leads to significant improvements in functional and symptom status without significant differences between patients with ischemic vs nonischemic HF etiology.
Nutritional component analyses of kiwifruit in different development stages by metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches
Authors: Xiong Yun , Yan Pei , Du Kui , Li Mingzhang , Xie Yue , Gao Ping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDMetabolites in kiwifruit greatly influence nutritional values; however, the dynamic changes in nutrient composition and the gene expression level of yellow kiwifruit have not been studied so far. To investigate the types and accumulation patterns of metabolites, a metabolomics approach utilizing liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and transcriptomics were used to analyze the yellow flesh of kiwifruit cultivar ‘jinshi 1’ collected at different stages of days after full bloom.RESULTSIn total, 285 metabolites were identified over the kiwifruit developmental stages. The composition of the metabolites of kiwifruit at different stages of development was different. The organic acids contents and their derivatives were higher at the initial stage of development and then gradually decreased. The lipids and amino acids contents fluctuated at different stages of development but did not change significantly. Transcript profiles throughout yellow kiwifruit development were constructed and analyzed, with a focus on the biosynthesis and metabolism of compounds such as sugars, organic acids and ascorbic acid, which are indispensable for the development and formation of quality fruit. The transcript levels of genes involved in sucrose and starch metabolism were consistent with the change in soluble sugar and starch content throughout kiwifruit development. The metabolism of ascorbic acid was primarily through the l‐galactose pathway.CONCLUSIONOur metabolome and transcriptome approach identified dynamic changes in five types of nutrient metabolite levels, and correlations among such levels, in developing fruit. The results provide information that can be used by metabolic engineers and molecular breeders to improve kiwifruit quality. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation and application of simetryn‐imprinted nanoparticles in triazine herbicide residue analysis
Authors: Tong Zhenhao , Han Yi , Gu Lili , Li Ziyi , Du Kang , Kong Guanghui , Liu Donghui , Peng Jian , Shi Junli 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis work provides a simple and rapid method for synthesis uniform simetryn imprinted nanoparticles, which can be used to pretreat the tested samples before detecting. A series of computational approach were employed for design simetryn‐imprinted polymer. Based on the conclusion of theoretical calculation, the simetryn imprinted nanoparticles were synthesized using simetryn as template, methacrylic acid as monomer with different solvent volume and synthesis conditions. The obtained nanoparticles have small size, uniform distribution and high imprinted factor. Scatchard analysis and quantum chemical calculations were applied for evaluating the interaction of simetryn with methacrylic acid in the imprinting process. The selectivity and recognition ability of the simetryn imprinted nanoparticles for six triazine herbicides and two other type herbicides were investigated. The results show that the simetryn imprinted nanoparticles had high selectivity and binding capacity and could be used for the separation and enrichment of four triazine pesticide residues from actual samples. A method of molecularly imprinted matrix solid phase extraction ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was established for detecting four kinds of triazine herbicide residues in tobacco. The recovery rate of terbuthylazine, simetryn, atrazine, and prometryn in tobacco was 84.03–119.05%, and the relative standard deviation was 0.35–10.12%.
Combining Harvest and Genetics to Estimate Reproduction in Wolves
Authors: Clendenin Heather R. , Adams Jennifer R. , Ausband David E. , Hayden James A. , Hohenlohe Paul A. , Waits Lisette P. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTParameters of reproductive success are important to the management of wildlife populations. Genetic monitoring can be an effective approach for acquiring this important demographic information when traditional methods are unsuccessful, inefficient, or too expensive. This study demonstrates a novel application of genetic data opportunistically collected from harvested game to estimate a minimum annual count of breeding packs of gray wolves (Canis lupus) and to provide a coarse index of harvest vulnerability of young of the year (YOY) across packs. We used 18 microsatellite loci to genotype 98 gray wolf YOY from 2014 and 105 from 2015 harvested in Idaho, USA. Using this genotype data, we reconstructed sibling groups for each cohort using the program COLONY and treated full‐sibling litters as proxies for unique packs. In addition to evaluating our marker panel using simulations, we assessed the accuracy of empirical relationship assignments by adding YOY of known relationship from long‐term study packs to the dataset (27 individuals from 2014 and 61 from 2015) and tracking correctly reconstructed relationships. We varied COLONY input parameters to evaluate the power of relationship assignments under conditions that may be encountered when working with empirical data. We also compared COLONY's estimates of effective number of breeders based on sibship frequency to estimates based on a commonly used linkage‐disequilibrium method. All COLONY runs for both cohorts correctly identified the known sibling relationships. Among the other individuals, changes in the geographic clustering of putative siblings, probabilities of inclusion and exclusion for reconstructed sibling groups, and consistency of relationship assignments across COLONY runs suggested that marker number had a larger effect on accuracy than access to population‐level genetic data. Our estimates of breeding packs subjected to harvest within the state (52 for 2014 and 63 for 2015) differed from estimates reported by Idaho Department of Fish and Game by ≤6 for both years. Among packs that had pups harvested, most packs had 1–2 YOY harvested, whereas other packs had as many as 5 YOY harvested. All estimates of the number of effective breeders had overlapping confidence intervals regardless of method, though sibship frequency‐based estimates had larger confidence intervals than estimates using the linkage disequilibrium method. Our study shows that sibling relationships can be accurately and reliably reconstructed from harvested gray wolves, and demonstrates a valuable new use of samples collected through harvest. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Physical Aging as the Driving Force for Brittle–Ductile Transition of Polylactic Acid
Authors: Zhao Guoqing , Gomes Felipe P. C. , Marway Heera , Thompson Michael R. , Zhu Zhirong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA) is an inherently brittle polymer, exhibiting a high Young's modulus and minimal elongation‐at‐break. To transition its failure mode to one that is much more ductile without loss in strength is challenging. A new strategy combining physical aging with ultraviolet (UV) radiation is carried out to reach the desired mechanical properties of PLA. Characterization of the modified resin is done by mechanical, rheological, and acoustic analysis. With the new processing strategy, the elongation‐at‐break of PLA increases from below 5% up to 18% by conditioning at −40 °C for 48 h followed by UV irradiation for 30 h. Correspondingly, results demonstrate that the yield strength and Young's modulus remain statistically unchanged. The interlocked entanglements inhibit the formation and evolution of subordered structures, which are attributed to the gained ductility. The high entanglement density and few subordered structures in the modified polymer system contribute to the unusual elongation‐at‐break without alteration of the modulus.
Differentiated Hepatic Response to Fructose Intake during Adolescence Reveals the Increased Susceptibility to Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease of Maternal High‐Fat Diet Male Rat Offspring
Authors: Oliveira Lorraine S. , Caetano Bruna , Miranda Rosiane A. , Souza Aline F. P. , Cordeiro Aline , Woyames Juliana , Andrade Cherley B. V. , Atella Georgia C. , Takiya Christina M. , Fortunato Rodrigo S. , Trevenzoli Isis H. , Souza Luana L. , Pazos‐Moura Carmen C. 
Published: January 2020

ScopeNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among adolescents has been related to fructose intake. Additionally, maternal high‐fat diet (mHFD) increases the offspring susceptibility to NAFLD at adulthood. Here, it is hypothesized that mHFD may exacerbate the fructose impact in adolescent male rat offspring, by changing the response of contributing mechanisms to liver injury.Methods and resultsFemale Wistar rats receive standard (mSTD: 9% fat) or high‐fat diet (mHFD: 29% fat) prior mating throughout pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, offspring receive standard chow and, from the 25th to 45th day, receive water or fructose–drinking water (15%). At 46 days old, fructose groups show increased adiposity, increased serum and hepatic triglycerides, regardless of maternal diet. Fructose aggravates the hepatic imbalance of redox state already exhibited by mHFD offspring. The hepatic activation of cellular repair pathways by fructose, such as unfolded protein response and macroautophagy, is disrupted only in mHFD offspring. Fructose does not change the liver morphology of mSTD offspring. However, it intensifies the liver injury already present in mHFD offspring.ConclusionFructose intake during adolescence accelerates the emergence of NAFLD observed previously at the adult life of mHFD offspring, and reveals a differentiated hepatic response to metabolic insult, depending on the maternal diet.
Design and demonstration of a tri‐band frequency selective surface for space applications in X, K, and Ka bands
Authors: Abdollahvand Mousa , Forooraghi Keyvan , Encinar Jose A. , Atlasbaf Zahra , Martinez‐de‐Rioja Eduardo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA novel tri‐band frequency selective surface (FSS) is proposed for space antenna systems in the X, K, and Ka bands. The FSS structure is based on a two‐layer configuration, where the unit‐cell elements at each layer consist of two pairs of rectangular‐shaped dipoles and a square ring. The FSS has been designed to be transmissive at 11.5 GHz (X band) and totally reflective at 20 GHz (K band) and 30 GHz (Ka band). The reflection losses in K and Ka bands are less than 0.1 dB for incidence angles varying from 0° to 45°. Also, the transmission losses in X band are less than 0.5 dB for incidence angles of up to 30°. A 30‐cm prototype of the proposed two‐layer FSS has been fabricated and tested. Both simulation and measurement results show a good agreement and a satisfactory performance in the three operating bands.
Calculating nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts in solvated systems
Authors: Casabianca Leah B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shift is extremely sensitive to molecular geometry, hydrogen bonding, solvent, temperature, pH, and concentration. Calculated magnetic shielding constants, converted to chemical shifts, can be valuable aids in NMR peak assignment and can also give detailed information about molecular geometry and intermolecular effects. Calculating chemical shifts in solution is complicated by the need to include solvent effects and conformational averaging. Here, we review the current state of NMR chemical shift calculations in solution, beginning with an introduction to the theory of calculating magnetic shielding in general, then covering methods for inclusion of solvent effects and conformational averaging, and finally discussing examples of applications using calculated chemical shifts to gain detailed structural information.
Enhancing computer‐assisted structure elucidation with DFT analysis of J‐couplings
Authors: Buevich Alexei V. , Elyashberg Mikhail E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractComputer‐assisted structure elucidation (CASE) is the class of expert systems that derives molecular structures primarily from one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance data. Contemporary CASE systems, including Advanced Chemistry Development/Structure Elucidator (ACD/SE), consider cross‐peaks in heteronuclear multiple bond coherence (HMBC) and correlation spectroscopy (COSY) spectra as two‐ or three‐bond correlations by default. However, four and more bond correlations (nonstandard correlations [NSCs]) could be present in these spectra too. The indiscriminate addition of NSCs to the CASE computations is prohibitively expensive. To address this problem, the ACD/SE program performs a logical analysis of observed correlations and determines the minimum number of NSCs. Guided by this information, a more efficient fuzzy structure generation (FSG) algorithm is subsequently applied. Until now, the FSG algorithm was utilized without any verification of the reliability of found NSCs. Here, we report a verification method for NSCs based on the relationship between NSCs and J‐couplings computed with high accuracy density functional theory (DFT) methods. We used the example of strychnine to show that 41 (32%) of 8‐Hz HMBC cross‐peaks were NSCs and were consistent with 4–6JCH couplings greater than 0.3 Hz. This cutoff value was largely confirmed by the analysis of NSCs in 11 real‐world natural products elucidated by ACD/SE. Additionally, utilizing the example of the CASE study of cleospinol A, we showed that the DFT‐computed J‐couplings of NSCs can distinctively differentiate the correct structure among six proposed isomers. The proposed approach of NSC verification should further improve the robustness of CASE analysis and can help reveal potential problems with reported experimental data.
JEDI:JointEstimationDiffusionImaging of macroscopic and microscopic tissue properties
Authors: Frank Lawrence R. , Zahneisen Benjamin , Galinsky Vitaly L. 
Published: January 2020

PurposeA new method for enhancing the sensitivity of diffusion MRI (dMRI) by combining the data from single (sPFG) and double (dPFG) pulsed field gradient experiments is presented.MethodsThis method uses our JESTER framework to combine microscopic anisotropy information from dFPG experiments using a new method called diffusion tensor subspace imaging (DiTSI) to augment the macroscopic anisotropy information from sPFG data analyzed using our guided by entropy spectrum pathways method. This new method, called joint estimation diffusion imaging (JEDI), combines the sensitivity to macroscopic diffusion anisotropy of sPFG with the sensitivity to microscopic diffusion anisotropy of dPFG methods.ResultsIts ability to produce significantly more detailed anisotropy maps and more complete fiber tracts than existing methods within both brain white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) is demonstrated on normal human subjects on data collected using a novel fast, robust, and clinically feasible sPFG/dPFG acquisition.ConclusionsThe potential utility of this method is suggested by an initial demonstration of its ability to mitigate the problem of gyral bias. The capability of more completely characterizing the tissue structure and connectivity throughout the entire brain has broad implications for the utility and scope of dMRI in a wide range of research and clinical applications.
A densification mechanism to model the mechanical effect of methane hydrates in sandy sediments
Authors: De La Fuente Maria , Vaunat Jean , Marín‐Moreno Héctor 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARYRecent pore‐scale observations and geomechanical investigations suggest the lack of true cohesion in methane hydrate‐bearing sediments (MHBSs) and propose that their mechanical behavior is governed by kinematic constrictions at pore‐scale. This paper presents a constitutive model for MHBS, which does not rely on physical bonding between hydrate crystals and sediment grains but on the densification effect that pore invasion with hydrate has on the sediment mechanical properties. The Hydrate‐CASM extends the critical state model Clay and Sand Model (CASM) by implementing the subloading surface model and introducing the densification mechanism. The model suggests that the decrease of the sediment available void volume during hydrate formation stiffens its structure and has a similar mechanical effect as the increase of sediment density. In particular, the model attributes stress‐strain changes observed in MHBS to the variations in sediment available void volume with hydrate saturation and its consequent effect on isotropic yield stress and swelling line slope. The model performance is examined against published experimental data from drained triaxial tests performed at different confining stress and with distinct hydrate saturation and morphology. Overall, the simulations capture the influence of hydrate saturation in both the magnitude and trend of the stiffness, shear strength, and volumetric response of synthetic MHBS. The results are validated against those obtained from previous mechanical models for MHBS that examine the same experimental data. The Hydrate‐CASM performs similarly to previous models, but its formulation only requires one hydrate‐related empirical parameter to express changes in the sediment elastic stiffness with hydrate saturation.
Registration of ‘Mela CL+’ soft white winter wheat
Authors: Gill K. S. , Kumar N. , Randhawa H. S. , Carter A. H. , Yenish J. , Morris C. F. , Baik B.‐K , Higginbotham R. W. , Guy S. O. , Engle D. A. , Chen X. M. , Murray T. D. , Lyon D. J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract‘Mela CL+’ (Reg. no. CV‐1157, PI 675008; PVP 201500291) is a soft white common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar carrying two‐gene tolerance to imazamox herbicide, also known as Clearfield Plus, that was developed and released by the Agricultural Research Center, Washington State University, in October 2013. It was tested under the experimental designations EBC2F3‐3‐20 and WA008155. Mela CL+ was developed using a marker‐assisted backcross selection method involving a cross between the soft white winter (SWW) wheat cultivar ‘Eltan’ and CL0618, an Australian hard red spring line carrying the two‐gene Clearfield technology. The two‐gene Clearfield technology present in Mela CL+ was due to two mutation alleles Als1 and Als2 of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene copies located on the long arm of chromosomes 6B and 6D. Mela CL+ has high grain yield potential and intermediate plant height and is well adapted to the dryland production areas of the Pacific Northwest (PNW) with <300 mm of annual precipitation. Tested in multiple locations and years, Mela CL+ showed herbicide tolerance equivalent to Clearfield Plus check cultivar ‘AP503 CL2’ and greater tolerance than single‐gene Clearfield cultivars grown in the PNW. Mela CL+ has end‐use quality characteristics similar to cultivars ‘ORCF‐102’, ‘Stephens’, and ‘Xerpha’. As compared to Eltan, Mela CL+ has better stripe rust resistance, whereas the level of snow mold and Cephalosporium stripe tolerance is equal.