bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IT Role in Fulfillment of Profit & Loss Sharing (PLS) Mechanism
Authors: Bidabad Bijan , Allahyarifard Mahmoud 
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we are going to introduce a new IT master solution to improve non-usury banking performance. All divine religions emphasize on usury prohibition. It is concluded that with some IT solutions, it may be possible to fulfill the worldly requirement by use of IT systems without any incredulity. Since depositors are shareholders of Non-Usury Bank Corporation (NU Bank Co), therefore integrated information systems can provide suitable infrastructure for transactions recording and management done by all participants' chains; and the end of process the yields of investment capital of depositors that invest in real economy can be distributed by safe delivery channels such as branches, ATM, WEB, Meaningful WEB. IT (as BPR, ERP, CRM, SCM, MES, MEX, HRM, WFM) that use single and integrated data warehouses) accompanying with standardization in all processes not only prepare PLS mechanism as main difference between conventional and non-usury banking but also simplify risk management and decline operational risk in comparison with conventional non-usury banking. Foundation of real non-usury banking can be based on an integrated IT system that links depositors, NU Bank Co, business partners, investors, stock exchange agencies, social security organization, certificate authorities (CA). Therefore, all related sectors may access the working flow of capital; IT processes, investment returns, and this causes stability in financial markets and achieve social justice establishment. In this paper, we are going to find a solution to this question: is it possible to connect depositors, bank, and investors in an integrated IT system to bring out PLS mechanism? Accordingly, we use a new kind of bank named by "Non-Usury Bank Corporation (Nu bank Co)" to fulfill the PLS criterion. This kind of non-usury bank will be capable of being established in different commercial law systems around the world. Thus, it will provide a suitable environment to automate non-usury banking operations that connect profits of depositors, bank, and loaners all together by using financial automatic communication channels.
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Payment of Zakat in Special Capital Region (DKI) of Jakarta
Authors: Sedjati Dwi Poetra , Basri Yuzwar Z. , Hasanah Uswatun 
Published: April 2020

The objective of this research is for analyzing and describing matters that affect the willingness of the community in the DKI Jakarta in paying the zakat. This is done through a theoretical model of knowledge, attitude, religiousness, motivation, and income of the Muslim community in their payment of the zakat. This model will specifically empirically test the direct effects of knowledge, attitude, motivation, religiousness, and income of the Islamic community to the impacts of the willingness of the Islamic community in paying the zakat. This research is conducted by taking a total of 430 Islam community members as research objects in 5 region of DKI Jakarta, by using the purposeful sampling technique. The total of respondents as the research population is 430 persons. For interpreting and analyzing the data, the analytical technique used is the Structural Equation Model (SEM) using the AMOS software. The result of the hypothesis testing has verified that the factors of knowledge, attitude, religiousness, motivation, and income of the Muslim community have significantly increased their willingness to pay the zakat. Also the model used in this research is acceptable and is valid, as indiccated by the appropriateness index, all of which have met the requirements. The results of this study indicate that there is the potential for increasing the zakat revenue through increasing the willingnes/interest of the muzakki to pay the zakat, as such increased interest is affected by the increasing knowledge, attitude, religiousness, motivation, and income of the muzakki. This has increased the conviction that the zakat has a very strategic function in the economy of the state, namely as one of the instruments for distributing wealth and increase the wellbeing of society as a whole.
Equilibrium in Ethic Economics
Authors: Bidabad Bijan 
Published: April 2020

We will study the concept of equilibrium in conventional and ethic economics in this paper. By a general review of the subject of equilibrium from basic sciences' point of view, we will study the meaning of equilibrium at different levels of micro, macro, and international economics; and by considering the lust and anger powers of human being, the concept of optimizing human behavior in Neoclassical theory will be studied. The hypothesis of “rational behavior” and philosophical and the root of thoughts and human behavior modeling in neoclassical economics will be analyzed from pleasure or utilitarianism-based point of view. By putting forward the concept of “perfection” as materializing innate power of creatures, we introduce the concept of ethic science so that we will review the correctness and goodness of actions and qualities of the human being in the process of optimizing economic behavior. Level of equilibrium in the powers as prescribed by ethic science with the meaning of preventing overindulgence and under-indulgence will be discussed. The meaning of equilibrium in ethic economics is a global optimum and in the form of utility point of view, has a broader domain of qualities and intellectualities and human being spirituals always at least is in a position that is better than Neoclassical optimized behavior (which is a local optimum).Some qualities related to economic behavior and overindulgence and under-indulgence and their equilibrium have also been considered. Equilibrium in ethic economics means using resources and locating everything in its right position and in the direction of obtaining human being perfection. Putting things in their right position is the optimal use of them from a mathematical point of view, and perfection is defined as reaching the ultimate innate of every creature. This means that in order to maximize the utility, resources should be used in a manner that in addition to ensuring human being material needs, assure the necessary background for maximizing mental and spiritual growth and elevation of him.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3402335
Ethic Economics, Fair Economy, New Economy, Sustainability and other Related Disciplines
Authors: Bidabad Bijan 
Published: April 2020

Evolution of humankind in forming economic order of the society passed from caring only individual benefit to looking for social interests. This was what followed in the last millenniums. In this paper, we review this evolutionary process that starts from utilitarianism and reaches to ethical approach in defining human being behavior. It concludes that following what the divine prophets and messengers have understood and legislated are more appropriate for human well-being both in their materialistic and spiritual lives.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3402337
Overconsumption in Ethic Economics and Sustainable Development
Authors: Bidabad Bijan 
Published: April 2020

Squandering or spending more than need, which is a concept in ethic economics, which has been reconsidered under the subject of sustainable development at the present time. It is shown on the whole that the increase of per-capita consumption, the effects on the environment will increase; in other words, the environmental carrying capacity will decrease. At present world conditions, squandering means aggression to others' rights and in addition to be disagreeable, but by compiling rules, it can be regarded in the domain of offense and crime at national and global levels. This is because squanderer endangers the environment and interests of others for her own benefit.As a model to use resources to serve human being needs for present and coming generations, sustainable development is put forward, which coincides with disagreeability of squandering in ethic economics. In spite of considering the sustainability of the environment, this concept takes into account the areas such as economics, socio-politics, and variety of cultural and life realms regarding intellectualism, sentiments, ethical and spiritual subjects. Regarding the chain of production, it also points to squandering as a topic in industrial ecology. Industrial ecology recommends converting industrial production processes from linear to circular systems in which, scraps and wastes are recycled as factors of other productions. Clean technology and its related regulations and cleaner production are also related to squandering concept in production.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3402347
Factors Affecting Small Scale Home-Based Business Performance: A Literature Review
Authors: Idris Zainab 
Published: April 2020

Business performance is paramount for businesses to grow, develop, expand and diversify. Lots of business fails at early stage due to so many factors. The study paper identify factors influencing home- based business performance using secondary source and came up with factors like owner’s gender, sources of finance, information and communication technology, age of business, managerial know- how, customer, and innovation plays a significant role in the performance of small business in which home based is one. The paper recommends that home- based business have great potential of becoming large businesses if properly managed and will contribute towards economic development. Also the paper will contribute to the field of entrepreneurship as related to the growth and development of home-based businesses. The paper suggests that future studies should apply empirical analysis to further verify the study variables relationships.
Subscribers’ Attitude towards Direct Mail Infiltration from Unknown Sources
Authors: Chinwendu Okonkwo Deborah , Chinwuba Moguluwa Shedrach 
Published: April 2020

Purpose – The study was carried out to describe individuals’ outlook by unearthing inherent dispositions assumed as a result of indiscriminate influx of unwanted mails directly into subscribers’ mobile devices from unscrupulous service providers, which eventually results into certain attitudes that may be either positive or negative. The study was directed towards determining subscribers’ general reaction towards direct mail infiltration from unknown sources and their resulting attitude; and also ascertaining whether they view these mails as an invasion of their privacy.
Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopted the descriptive research design, and used the survey method to gain an understanding into individuals’ outlook towards unsolicited text messages. 114 copies of the structured questionnaire were distributed to individuals who own a mobile phone within the Enugu metropolis, Nigeria. Respondents were purposively selected as only mobile phone owners who are educated were deemed eligible for the study. A total of 82 usable copies of the questionnaire were analysed using frequencies, percentages and the one-sample t-test statistic was used to test the hypotheses.
Findings – The results show that subscribers have a distaste for unsolicited text messages and therefore react unfavourably, as most of them would either delete the messages the moment they are identified as unwanted, or delete them immediately after reading them. This inadvertently brings about the formation of a negative attitude towards unsolicited direct mails generally . It further reveals that the influx of unsolicited text messages during odd hours is a breach of ethical standards as regards to privacy. Consequently, individuals prefer that their consent be sought first by service providers before bombarding them with those mails.
Practical implications – This paper addresses an important issue affecting individuals in this information age. As the spread of information becomes more rapid, certain areas of concern arise. This paper addresses those areas especially with respect to privacy matters as a way of emphasizing the significance of ethics in what is supposed to be an ordered system.
Originality/Value – The novelty of this paper is evident in its demonstration of individuals’ innate feelings and its exposition of inherent attitude patterns in a setting where ethics is undermined. It utilizes the opinions gathered to elucidate the need for more cultured patterns of self-expression and communicating to others.
Organizational Design and Rules in Rastin Profit and Loss Sharing Banking
Authors: Bidabad Bijan , Mohammadi Roohollah , Sherafati Mahshid 
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This paper aims to explain the organizational structure of Rastin Profit and Loss Sharing (PLS) Banking. Rastin Banking is a full Islamic Banking System with all necessary parts for banking operations that can be installed in conventional and Islamic banks both.
Design: Rastin Banking complies with the nature of the financial intermediary activity (the partnership of depositor in the yields of the fund receiver via the bank). To fulfill this goal, particular organizational structure, accompanying with instruments and workflow are defined.
Findings: To handle Rastin Banking, particular theoretical and operational regulatory frameworks should be defined to fulfill the participation operations. In this paper, we will have a look at the necessary organizational structure to setup Rastin Banking.
Research limitations: This plan was formed and tested in Bank Melli Iran in order to propose a model for other banks as well.
Practical implications: In this system, the investment return of the participation is distributed to the parties of the financial partnership (depositor, entrepreneur, and bank), and it is done by eliminating fixed interest rate, and it is based on the real economy profit (return) of the activity.
Social implications: Rastin Banking can lead to important positive effects on growth and economic welfare through money and capital markets. Interest rate as an essential factor in conventional banking is not usable in Islamic banking and other similar institutions that work based on partnership, such as mutual funds and saving and loan associations.
Originality/value: Approach of this system is entirely different from conventional banking. In addition to removing usury in banking activities, Rastin Banking uses the best practical ethic finance to creating safe and public confidence environment for banking operations.
Article Type: Technical paper
Evaluation of the effects of diabetes mellitus and metformin usage on serum vitamin B12 levels in cobalamin deficient subjects
Authors: AVCI Duygu Nurdan , ERSOY Canan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract: Introduction:Although there are studies evaluating vitamin B12 levels in different patient groups, there is none encountered in Turkish adult patients with or without DM reported in the English literature.The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible additional effects of diabetes and metformin usage on serum levels of vitamin B12 in cobalamin deficient Turkish adult patients. Material and Methods:Medical records of subjects ≥18 years of age, having a vitamin B12 level &lt;180 pg/mL were screened, consecutive 98 subjects were included in the study. Results:Among a total of 75 female and 23 male subjects with a mean age of 51.3±15.9 years and vitamin B12 level of 139.3±29.2 pg/mL, 34 had the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 64 had no diabetes diagnosis. Mean ages were 59.0±10.8 years for diabetics and 47.2±16.8 years for nondiabetics. Vitamin B12 levels were found to be insignificantly low in people with the diagnosis of diabetes compared to without diabetes (131.2±30.6 and 143.5±27.7 pg/mL, respectively, p=0.05). Vitamin B12 levels had no correlation with diabetes duration, presence of complications, metformin usage duration. Conclusions:In conclusion, our results demonstrated that people with diabetes had lower levels of vitamin B12 compared to nondiabetics but this fact could not solely be explained by the duration of disease, accompanying complications, metformin treatment duration. All patients with or without the diagnosis of diabetes should be encouraged for sufficient vitamin B12 intake and all possible factors that lead to deficiency should be eliminated.
Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events prolonged by phosphorus cycle feedbacks
Authors: Beil Sebastian , Kuhnt Wolfgang , Holbourn Ann , Scholz Florian , Oxmann Julian , Wallmann Klaus , Lorenzen Janne , Aquit Mohamed , Chellai El Hassane 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) document major perturbations
of the global carbon cycle with repercussions for the Earth's climate and
ocean circulation that are relevant to understanding future climate trends.
Here, we compare the onset and development of Cretaceous OAE1a and OAE2 in
two drill cores with unusually high sedimentation rates from the Vocontian
Basin (southern France) and Tarfaya Basin (southern Morocco). OAE1a and OAE2
exhibit remarkable similarities in the evolution of their carbon isotope
(δ13C) records, with long-lasting negative excursions preceding
the onset of the main positive excursions, supporting the view that both
OAEs were triggered by massive emissions of volcanic CO2 into the
atmosphere. However, there are substantial differences, notably in the
durations of individual phases within the δ13C positive
excursions of both OAEs. Based on analysis of cyclic sediment variations, we
estimate the duration of individual phases within OAE1a and OAE2. We
identify (1) a precursor phase (negative excursion) lasting ∼430 kyr for OAE1a and ∼130 kyr for OAE2, (2) an onset phase
of ∼390 and ∼70 kyr, (3) a peak phase of
∼600 and ∼90 kyr, (4) a plateau phase of
∼1340 and ∼200 kyr, and (5) a recovery phase of
∼380 and ∼440 kyr. The total duration of the
positive δ13C excursion is estimated at 2700 kyr for OAE1a and
790 kyr for OAE2, and that of the main carbon accumulation phase is estimated at 980 and
180 kyr. The long-lasting peak, plateau and recovery phases imply
fundamental changes in global nutrient cycles either (1) by submarine
basalt–seawater interactions, (2) through excess nutrient inputs to the
oceans by increasing continental weathering and river discharge, or (3) through nutrient recycling from the marine sediment reservoir. We
investigated the role of phosphorus in the development of carbon
accumulation by analysing phosphorus speciation across OAE2 and the
mid-Cenomanian Event (MCE) in the Tarfaya Basin. The ratios of organic
carbon and total nitrogen to reactive phosphorus (Corg∕Preact and
Ntotal∕Preact) prior to OAE2 and the MCE hover close to or below
the Redfield ratio characteristic of marine organic matter. Decreases in
reactive phosphorus resulting in Corg∕Preact and
Ntotal∕Preact above the Redfield ratio during the later phase of
OAE2 and the MCE indicate leakage from the sedimentary column into the water
column under the influence of intensified and expanded oxygen minimum zones.
These results suggest that a positive feedback loop, rooted in the benthic
phosphorus cycle, contributed to increased marine productivity and carbon
burial over an extended period of time during OAEs.
Monitoring of the reconstruction process in a high mountainous area affected by a major earthquake and subsequent hazards
Authors: Tang Chenxiao , Liu Xinlei , Cai Yinghua , Van Westen Cees , Yang Yu , Tang Hai , Yang Chengzhang , Tang Chuan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Recovering from major earthquakes is a challenge, especially in mountainous environments where postearthquake hazards may cause substantial impacts for prolonged periods of time. Although such impacts were reported in the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake and the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, careless reconstruction in hazard-prone areas and consequently huge losses were
witnessed following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in the Sichuan province of
China, as several reconstructed settlements were severely damaged by mass
movements and floods. In order to summarize experiences and identify
problems in the reconstruction planning, a monitoring of one of the
settlements, the town of Longchi, was carried out by image interpretation and field investigation. Seven inventories containing buildings, farmlands, roads and mitigation measures were made to study the dynamics of elements at risk and exposure over a period of 11 years. It was found that the total economic value of the newly reconstructed buildings was several times more than in the preearthquake situation in 2007, because of enormous governmental investment. Postseismic hazards were not sufficiently taken into consideration in the recovery planning before the catastrophic debris flow disaster in 2010. As a result, the direct economic loss from postseismic disasters was slightly more than the loss caused by the Wenchuan earthquake itself. The society showed an impact-adapt pattern, experiencing losses from disasters and then gaining resistance by abandoning buildings in hazard-prone areas and installing mitigation measures. The locations potentially exposed to postearthquake hazards were summarized, and a possible timetable for reconstruction was proposed. Problems might be encountered in hazard assessment, and possible solutions were discussed.
Differential Pulse Polarography Method for the Determination of Trace Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn, Se and Cu in Black Tea Leaves
Authors: Kalayc Sukru , Somer Guler 
Published: April 2020

In this work a new and simple polarographic method has been established for the determination of trace elements present in tea. After digestion with acids, tea samples were analyzed using various electrolytes such as acetate and ammonia at different pH values in the presence or absence of EDTA. Thus, it was possible tochoosethe best medium for the determination of6 trace elements in one tea sample. Polarographic peaks of copper and iron could be separated in HAc at about pH =7 in the presence of EDTA and their quantities were determined. Ni and Zn peaks could be separated and determined in ammonia buffer at about pH= 10. Lead could be determined at pH= 2HAc electrolyte. Selenite, was determined from its hydrogen catalytic peak in KCl, pH= 2 medium in the presence of Mo (VI). The LOD was found as 2.4x10-7 for instead of (S/N=3).The trace element ranges in black tea were found as, Fe 35 μg/g, Cu 45 μg/g, Ni 19 μg/g, Zn 22 μg/g, Pb 28 μg/g and Se 77 μg/g.
Health-Related Quality of Life among University Healthcare Academics
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Al-Saikhan Fahad I. , Iqbal Muhammad Zahid 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Having a good health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is important to ensure good job performance. However, it is subjective and it cannot be measured easily. This study aimed to evaluate HRQoL among universityhealthcare academics in public andprivate universities.
Method: In this study,a stratified random sampling approach was employed. The strata were created based on departments in the universities. A random sample from each stratum was taken in a number proportional to the stratum's size when compared to the overall target population. A validated questionnaire comprising two sections was administered online to collect the data. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis H test) were applied using SPSS version 22.
Results: Out of all the total 130 respondents, 57 (43.8%) were from a private university and the other 73 (56.2%) were from a public university. There were 61 (46.9%) male respondents and 69 (53.1%) female respondents. HRQoL according to the studied domains of the DUKE health profile was associated with various demographic and socioeconomic variables such as type of institution, department/faculty, age, gender, number of children, and years of experience.
Conclusion:The demographic and socioeconomic variables were strongly associated with the HRQoL among university healthcare academics.