bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERBANDINGAN KUALITAS MATERIAL BEARING MERK SKF, FMB, NKK, DAN JAL TERHADAP TERHADAP SIFAT FISIS DAN MEKANIS
Authors: Masyrukan Masyrukan , Ngafwan Ngafwan , Nugroho Taufik Surya 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas bahan yang digunakan pada empat merk bearing (SKF, FMB, NKK, dan JAL) berdasarkan data-data pengujian sifat- sifat mekanik serta struktur intern (struktur mikro) pada benda uji tersebut dan dapat membandingkan ketahanan dan kekuatan keempat merk bearing tersebut berdasarkan analisis pengujian terhadap kegunaannya. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi pengujian kekerasan menggunakan alat Micro Vickers Hardness Tester, pengamatan struktur mikro menggunakan alat Olympus Metallurgical Microscope dan Olympus Phtomicrographics Systems, serta pengujian kekasaran permukaan menggunakan alat Surfcorder. Pengujian kekerasan maupun struktur mikro dilakukan pada bagian cincin luar bantalan (outer bearing) dan ball bearing. Sedangkan pengujian kekasaran permukaan hanya pada bagian outer bearing. Setelah dilakukan semua pengujian dapat disimpulkan bahwa berdasarkan kekuatan, kekerasan (ketahanan aus) serta kekasaran permukaan pada bagian outer bearing dan ball bearing maka merk yang memenuhi kualitas optimum adalah merk FMB karena sudah mencukupi dengan parameter kerja bantalan sehingga membuat umur pakai lebih panjang pada aspek penggunaan yang sama. Kata kunci: bearing, kekerasan, struktur mikro, kekasaran permukaan ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the quality of materials used in four bearing brands (SKF, FMB, NKK, and JAL) based on data testing of mechanical properties as well as internal structure (micro structure) on the specimens and can compare the endurance and the strength of the four brands bearings based on the test analysis of its usefulness. The tests include hardness testing using the Micro Vickers Hardness Tester tool, microstructure observation using Olympus Metallurgical Microscope and Olympus Phtomicrographics Systems, and surface roughness testing using Surfcorder tool. Hardness testing and microstructure are performed on outer bearing and ball bearing parts. While the surface roughness testing only on the outer bearing. After all tests, it can be concluded that based on strength, hardness (wear resistance) and surface roughness on outer bearing and ball bearings, the brand that meets the optimum quality is the FMB brand because it is sufficient with the bearing working parameters that make longer life on the same aspect of use. Keywords: bearing, strengthness, microstructure, surface roughness
The family social status role in formation of competitive orientation and competitiveness of high school students
Authors: Gulyayeva L. V. , Semenov M. Y. 
Published: October 2019

The family is one of the key factors influencing values, attitudes to work, professional self-determination and life plans of high school students. The article is devoted to the consideration of family social status role of modern high school students in formation of their competitive orientation and competitiveness.The article analyzes results of theoretical works of Russian and foreign researchers devoted to the analysis of family social capital influence to the educational strategies of adolescents. The methodological basis of the study was a questionnaire survey of high school students conducted in the cities of Tyumen, Tobolsk, Ishim and rural areas of the Tyumen region. IBM SPSS Statistics 23 was used to analyze the data.Considering family social status as the basis of young people “social start” in adulthood, authors note the dual nature of the role of this characteristic in the process of social adaptation of the younger generation. Based on the analysis of the data of questionnaire survey of high school students, the authors conclude differences of opinion on the importance of competitiveness as a necessary quality of personality.According to the results of the study it is shown that in addition to the level of family income, significant characteristics in their social status that affect the competitive orientation and competitiveness of high school students are also the level of parent’s education and their composition (full or single-parent families). It was confirmed that there is a correlation between the respondents’ assessment of personal competitive potential and the socio-professional status of the family.As possible directions for further research can be considered the study of the impact of the level of regional development on competitiveness formation process of high school students, as well as the role of teachers in this process.
The Inverse Precise Placement of Numbers Based at Pythagoras 1:3 and the Precise Configuration of Numbers as the Basis of a Unified Theorem That Binds the Physics of Mass, Space, Energy and the Torque Power (Inertia) That Sustains the Finite Universe.
Authors: Cameron Vinoo 
Published: October 2019

This paper is based on the precise inverse cone of Pythagoras 1:3. As in section 1 of this paper, all mathematics presented in this paper is by precise mathematics equations and the author has maintained by proof that the base numbers constant from which all physics constants can be derived are -1 to 19 ( the value 6 is as per this paper is the constant for expansion of all bounded space and 19 is the patent “end value” of the base constant numbers as shown in section 1 and referenced in this section11). Numbers as created and as placed at the cone of Pythagoras 1:3 are precise manifestation of the numbers of linear composite. However, this paper shows that the invention of designated angles (Trigonometry) is an approximate arbitrary arrangement invented by man, based on the created fixed angle of 90 degrees and is certainly flawed as shown here in this paper. Likewise, any attempts to measure curvature by linear numbers is fraught with much error. The author maintains that “If the atomic density and structure of meteorites from far space have the same configuration as those found on this earth, then by all created logic , these numbers configuration presented in these two papers and the book (The God of Papa Einstein and Sir Isaac Newton) are a constant unified theorem of all the space and mass ( Quantum mechanics) in the universe”. Einstein’s Theory of relativity and all other interstellar phenomena are not addressed in the context of this paper because all this is observed science phenomena and not a physical science, and this paper deals with precise numbers configuration as in the section 1 of the paper. Einstein’s relativity is a real observed natural phenomenon, not science by itself, it is a natural aberration of the fact that observed relativity is due to inherent curvature and linear relationship between any two points in the universe and because of the spiral progression of curved space. Neither does light bend it appears to bend, nor does time really dilate in real terms even though it is a real observed phenomenon, neither numbers or distances dilate by any continuum, unfortunately, that is why Einstein’s misconception about time dilation is a Theory and will always be Theory.
STUDI VIABILITAS ISOLAT BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT YANG DIISOLASI DARI ASINAN REBUNG BAMBU TABAH TERHADAP pH RENDAH DAN GARAM EMPEDU
Authors: Wasis Nurul Octavia , Semadi Antara Nyoman , Wayan Gunam Ida Bagus 
Published: October 2019

Tabah bamboo shoot pickle is one of the fermented food which is the source of lactic acid bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is beneficial to health because it has the ability as a probiotic. Lactic acid bacteria that have probiotic criteria should have resistance to low pH and bile salts. This study aims to determine isolates of lactic acid bacteria isolated from tabah bamboo shoot pickle resistant to low pH and bile salts (NaDC). Lactic acid bacteria were tested to low pH by using MRS broth that have different pH (pH 2, pH 3, pH 4 and pH 6.2 as a control) incubated at 37ºC for 3 hours. isolates were survive in low pH then continued in bile salt resistance test with 0.3% bile salt concentration for 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes and 24 hours. The results showed that three isolates out of 88 isolates had ability to grow in low pH and in medium supplemented by NaDC 0,3%. The isolates are AR 3057, AR 3101 and AR 6152 which can be used as candidat of probiotic.
Keywords : Tabah bamboo shoot pickle, lactic acid bacteria, probiotic, low pH, bile salt
HASIL STUDI PENDAHULUAN TENTANG KONTAMINAN ANTHRAQUINONE (9,10-AQ) PADA TEH INDONESIA
Authors: Suprihatini Rohayati , - Shabri , Maulana Hilman 
Published: October 2019

European markets have implemented the Commission Regulation (EU) Number 1146/2014 of 23 October 2014 of the MRL for Anthraquinone (9,10-AQ) is 0.02 ppm. After this implementation for 9,10-AQ for tea in the European market, there has been a decreased by 33.6% in Indonesian tea exports. This paper will explain the preliminary study results of 9,10-AQ in Indonesian tea that consist of (1) the results of 9.10- AQ content of Indonesian tea samples, (2) 9,10-AQ content on fresh tea shoot and in each stage of tea processing, (3) the content of 9.10-AQ in tea liquor, and (4) results of antioxidant activity analysis of Indonesian tea in free radical scavenging by DPPH analysis (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl). Samples selection selected from West Java and East Java as center of tea producing province in Indonesia with incidence of high 9,10-AQ levels in tea. The results show that the 9,10-AQ content depend on drying system technologies. The data conclude that 9,10-AQ level increase due to withering process by 0.004 ppm and in drying process it increase higher (0.007 ppm). The data of 9,10-AQ level of tea liquor are all below the MRL, therefore brewed tea is safe for health. Antioxidant activity of Indonesian tea with 9,10-AQ level above the MRL (0.043 ppm) is very strong that very potential to reduce the negative effects of tea contaminants by free radicals scavenging.
Keywords: Antraquinone, Maximum Residue Level (MRL), Preliminary Study Results, Indonesian Tea, European Market
Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Gelatin dari Ceker Ayam dengan Proses Hidrolisis
Authors: Suryati Suryati , ZA Nasrul , Meriatna Meriatna , Suryani Suryani 
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji proses pembuatan gelatin dari ceker ayam dengan proses hidrolisis asam. Gelatin adalah hidrokoloid yang berasal dari hewan yang berfungsi untuk meningkatkan kekentalan dan pembentuk gel dalam berbagai produk pangan. Proses pengolahan hidrolisis dilakukan dengan variasi perendaman 5 hari, 10 hari dan 15 hari, dengan menggunakan HCl 7% sebagai larutan perendam kaki ayam. Suhu perendaman digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 50oC, 60oC, 70oC, 80oC dan 90oC, dengan waktu hidrolisa untuk masing-masing sampel selama 4 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen tertinggi yang didapat adalah 13,96%, pada proses perendaman selama 10 hari dengan suhu hidrolisis 90oC. Kadar air yang terbaik 14,98% dengan waktu perendaman selama 10 hari dan suhu hidrolisis 60oC, dan kadar abu yang terbaik 3% diperoleh dengan perendaman selama 15 hari dan suhu hidrolisis 70oC. Analisis FTIR menunjukkan adanya serapan khas gugus fungsi gelatin pada daerah Amida A, Amida I, Amida II dan Amida III.
PEMANFAATAN GETAH RUMBIA SEBAGAI PEREKAT PADA PROSES PEMBUATAN BRIKET ARANG TEMPURUNG KELAPA
Authors: Muhammad Muhammad , Ishak Ishak , Lidia Nani 
Published: October 2019

Penelitian pembuatan briket dari tempurung kelapa yang menggunakan getah rumbia sebagai perekat telah selesai dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kelayakan getah rumbia sebagai bahan perekat dan memanfaatkan limbah tempurung kelapa sebagai bahan baku pembuatan briket, yang selanjutnya dapat meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat pendesaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan proses yaitu pengumpulan bahan baku, pengeringan bahan baku, karbonisasi tempurung kelapa, pengecilan ukuran bahan dan pemisahan berdasarkan ukuran (pengayakan). Setelah penyiapan karbon tempurung dilakukan, maka getah rumbia digunakan sebagai perekat dalam pembuatan adonan briket arang tempurung. Proses selanjutnya adalah pencetakan, pengempaan dan pengeringan briket. Penentuan mutu briket yang telah dikeringkan meliputi kadar air, laju pembakaran dan nilai kalor dengan perbandingan arang-perekat adalah 2:1, 4:1 dan 6:1. Kadar air yang diperoleh berkisar antara 6,4-8,4%, laju pembakaran berkisar antara 0,052- 0,07 gr/min, sedangkan nilai kalor yang didapat bervariasi terhadap mesh karbon yang digunakan, yaitu untuk 50 mesh adalah 26651 kal/gram, sedangkan untuk 80 mesh adalah 29327 kal/.
Simulasi Kontrol PID pada Boiler Sistem Tenaga Uap
Authors: Pratiwi Indah Diah , Wusnah Wusnah , ZA Nasrul 
Published: October 2019

Kontrol PID (Proportional Integrated and Differential) merupakan salah satu jenis kontroler yang paling banyak digunakan di dunia industri. Luasnya penggunaan kontroler ini dilatarbelakangi oleh beberapa hal, salah satunya adalah dalam banyak kasus telah terbukti menghasilkan unjuk kerja relatif memuaskan. Boiler merupakan alat yang sangat penting pada sebuah industri karena steam yang dihasilkan biasanya digunakan untuk power plant dan listrik yang dihasilkan digunakan untuk mengoperasikan peralatan lain dan digunakan untuk kebutuhan proses industri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mencari waktu terbaik kontrol PID dalam merespon gangguan dengan setting nilai Kc, Ti dan Td. Penelitian ini menggunakan simulasi Hysys mode dynamic kontroler dengan menentukan PV (Process Variabel) dan OP (Output Target Object), ditentukan nilai PV maximum dan PV minimum, dengan memvariasikan nilai Kc, Ti, Td dan temperatur setpoint (270ºC, 275ºC 280ºC, 285ºC, 290ºC). Berdasarkan dari hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan maka diperoleh waktu tercepat kontrol PID dalam merepon gangguan yaitu pada nilai Kc= 0,7; Ti= 1; Td= 0 dengan waktu rata-rata selama 1,170417 menit. Variasi nilai Kc, Ti dan Td tidak mempengaruhi besarnya heat flow yang dibutuhkan boiler. Kata Kunci:Gangguan, Heat Flow, Set point, Temperatur, Waktu
Aplikasi Kontrol PID Heat Exchanger Pabrik Etilen Glikol dengan Kapasitas 100.000 Ton/Tahun
Authors: Maulinda Leni , Nisa Chairun , Muhammad Muhammad 
Published: October 2019

Heat exchangers are tools used to transfer heat energy between a solid surface and fluid or inside different particles and in thermal contact. The objective of the study was to determine the optimum values of Kc, Ti and Td which were applied to the control equipment of the ethylene glycol preparation exchanger. This research also uses design expert software to help get optimum vlue of Kc, Ti and Td before applied to PID system. Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) is a controller to determine the precision of an instrumentation system with the characteristics of feedback on the system. As the methodology of this research is to create a steady state Heat Exchanger model, then change the steady state model into a dynamic model, so create a PID model control, then tuning the PID control and testing PID controls, by disturbing the set point. The result of applying PID control system then got the fastest average time with value Kc = 3, Ti = 0,01 Td = 0,04 that is 0,77 minutes. At a temperature of 147.6 air vapor rate of 290.8 Kg / hr; at a temperature of 148.6 found velocity speed of 297.7 Kg / hr; At temperature 149.6 air vapor rate 305.0 Kg / hour; At a temperature of 149.7 air vapor rate of 305.8 Kg / hour and at a temperature of 150 air vapor rate of 308.1 Kg / Hour. Keywords:heat exchanger, PID, set point
Optimasi Pengendalian Flow Control DEA Absorber Menggunakan Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) Control Dengan Metode Respon Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Muhammad Muhammad , Maharani Azizi , Leni Maulinda 
Published: October 2019

Absorbsi merupakan salah satu cara untuk memisahkan atau mengurangi suatu konsituen dalam fasa gas dengan menggunakan solvent atau penyerap tertentu secara relative yang dapat melarutkan atau menyerap konsituen yang diinginkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menentukan nilai Kc, Ti dan Td terbaik pada kontrol PID DEA absorber Perta Arun Gas. Sistem kontrol Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) merupakan controller untuk menentukan presisi suatu sistem instrumentasi dengan karakteristik adanya umpan balik pada sistem tersebut (Feed Back). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) atau metode permukaan respon adalah sekumpulan metode-metode matematika dan statistika yang digunakan dalam pemodelan dan analisis, yang bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh beberapa variabel kuantitatif terhadap suatu variabel respon dan untuk mengoptimalkan variabel respon tersebut. Adapun metodologi dari penelitian ini adalah membuat model steady state DEA absorber menjadi model dynamic, lalu membuat model kontrol PID, setelah itu melakukan tuning terhadap kontrol PID dan melakukan pengujian terhadap kontrol PID dengan melakukan gangguan pada PV. Hasil dari pengaplikasian sistem kontrol PID maka mendapatkan waktu tercepat dengan nilai Kc = Kc = 0,1, Ti = 0,01, dan Td = 0,00001 dengan waktu 0,510 menit. Kata kunci: Absorbsi, PID, Present Value, Controller
Pemanfaatan Pati Batang Ubi Kayu dan Pati Ubi Kayu untuk Bahan Baku Alternatif Pembuatan Plastik Biodegradable
Authors: Rahmadani Sry 
Published: October 2019

Plastik biodegradable adalah plastik yang dapat terdegradasi oleh mikroorganisme dan terbuat dari bahan yang dapat diperbaharui, sehingga tidak merusak lingkungan. Pada penelitian ini plastik dibuat dengan bahan utamanya berasal dari pati batang ubi kayu dan pati ubi kayu, dengan memvariasikan suhu yaitu dengan suhu 550C dan 600C dan3 variasi volume gliserol yaitu 6%, 7%, 8%. Untuk meningkatkan karakteristik dari plasik dibutuhkan penambahan bahan yaitu gliserol. Fungsi penambahan gliserol agar plastik yang dihasilkan fleksibel. Pada penelitian ini, diperoleh hasil karakterisasi terbaik untuk uji ketahanan tarik pada variasi gliserol 8% dan suhu 600C didapatkan dengan nilai 274,6 MPa. Sedangkan elongasi terbaik pada variasi gliserol 6% dan suhu 550C didapatkan dengan nilai 147,12 %. Untuk hasil penelitian uji degradasi yaitu plastik pada penelitian ini mampu terurai secara sempurna selama 15 hari.
Opioids and Migraine: Opioid Awareness and Frequency of Use among Turkish Migraineurs
Authors: Ertem D. H. , Basarir C. I. , Baran G. , Gonderten N. , Ilik F. 
Published: October 2019

Despite the inadequate evidence of effi cacy and safety of opioid use for the treatment of migraine, it has been reported that patients with moderate to severe migraine headaches are prescribed opioids. Migraineurs may experience serious health impacts from opioids such as headache-related disability, psychiatric and cardiovascular comorbidities. The reduction of the risk of opioid abuse and prevention of an opioid epidemic are important public health challenges. The aim of this study was to assess the awareness of opioid therapy for migraine and the frequency of use among Turkish patients with episodic and chronic migraine. Materials and methods: consecutive migraine patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed and used by the researchers to assess the patients’ awareness of an opiod treatment option and the frequency of use of opioids for migraine treatment. Results. One hundred two patients were enrolled, of which 72 had episodic migraine and 30 had chronic migraine. All subjects reported that they had not been offered or prescribed any kind of opioids by general practitioners and neurologists for their headache. Besides, only 7 % of patients declared that they had heard of opioid treatment for migraine but they had never consulted their doctors about its effects. Conclusions. Our fi ndings demonstrated that opioids were not preferred as an option for acute or preventive migraine treatment by Turkish migraineurs and their physicians. The reduction of opioid prescription will help to prevent the development of medication overuse and opiate-induced headaches and drug addiction.
Mucocele Apendicular como causa infrecuente de abdomen agudo
Authors: Asquel Cadena Víctor Hugo , Espín Beltrán Mayra Lorena , Soto Viera Paola Susana , Ganchala Padilla Marcia Karina 
Published: October 2019

Introducción: Los tumores apendiculares tienen una baja incidencia y constituyen un pequeño grupo dentro de la patología de este órgano, en el que predominan ampliamente los procesos inflamatorios. Se diagnostica un tumor apendicular primario en 0.9 a 0.14% de las apendicectomías. Entre los tumores benignos los más frecuentes son el cistodenoma mucinoso; el tumor mucoso, que es el más común del apéndice y se asocia con cistodenomas de ovario y tumores colónicos. Otro tumor benigno es el mucocele simple.
Objetivo: Describir un caso clínico enfocado en el mucocele apendicular, como causa infrecuente de abdomen agudo.
Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, presentación de caso clínico en el Hospital Básico “IESS Latacunga”, caso que fue tratado en el Servicio de Cirugía General del hospital.
Resultados: Paciente de 59 años que por cuadro de dolor abdominal de 4 días de evolución, de localización difusa, 15 horas antes de su ingreso el dolor se localiza en fosa iliaca derecha, a tipo cólico, de moderada intensidad, se acompañaba de nauseas que llegan al vómito en dos ocasiones, alza térmica y anorexia. Al examen físico: signos vitales dentro de parámetros normales, abdomen tenso, depresible, doloroso a la palpación superficial y profunda en fosa iliaca derecha, con presencia de masa de aproximadamente 7 cm x 5 cm de diámetro, puntos apendiculares positivos. Los exámenes de laboratorio mostraron: leucocitosis más neutrofilia. Ecografía abdominal: apéndice cecal no visible, no se observa líquido libre en cavidad abdominal.
Se realizó laparotomía exploratoria, donde se identificó masa compleja conformada por ciego, epiplón mayor íleon terminal y un apéndice quístico de aproximadamente 10 cm de diámetro mayor; para lo cual se realizó hemicolectomia derecha más íleo transverso anastomosis termino terminal. Paciente con evolución favorable, es dada de alta al quinto día. El estudio anatomopatológico dio como resultado una Neoplasia quística mucinosa de bajo grado (cistodenoma mucinoso) y adenoma tubular con displasia de bajo grado.
Conclusiones: El mucocele apendicular es el tumor benigno más común del apéndice. El diagnóstico definitivo se lo realiza posterior a intervención quirúrgica, como un hallazgo y con el reporte del histopatológico como en el caso descrito. Los estudios de imagen son de gran utilidad para su identificación.; debe considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial de una masa pélvica derecha, porque clínica y radiológicamente es fácil de confundir con una apendicitis complicada