bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The optimal drought index for designing weather index insurance
Authors: Bucheli Janic , Dalhaus Tobias , Finger Robert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractClimate change increases the need for better insurance solutions that enable farmers to cope with drought risks. We design weather index insurance using drought indices based on precipitation, soil moisture and evapotranspiration as underlying drought index and compare their risk-reducing potential for winter wheat producers in Eastern Germany. In general, we find that all drought indices can reduce financial risk exposure. However, the largest risk reduction can be achieved if the underlying drought index is tailored individually for each farm. This implies that insurers should offer insurance with farm-specific underlying drought index.
Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries: what is the prognosis?
Authors: Niccoli Giampaolo , Camici Paolo G 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Myocardial infarction in the absence of obstructive coronary stenosis (MINOCA) is a syndrome with several causes, characterized by clinical evidence of myocardial infarction and coronary angiographically normal or almost normal (stenosis ≤50%). MINOCAs represent about 10% of acute coronary syndromes. The causes of MINOCA are manifold and can be classified on the basis of the mechanism in epicardial (unstable plaque not manifested by angiography, epicardial spasm and coronary dissection) or microvascular. The latter in turn can be divided into intrinsic (microvascular spasm, Takotsubo syndrome and coronary embolization) and extrinsic (myocarditis). In the former, the dysfunctional microcirculation causes myocardial necrosis due to reduction of the lumen due to vasoconstriction and / or obstruction, while in the latter, the compression of the lumen occurs ab extrinsic due to myocardial edema. Note that the prognosis of MINOCA is extremely variable and depends on the underlying cause with high risk clinical subsets. A correct diagnostic procedure includes first level tests (clinical / anamnestic examination, ECG, myocardial necrosis enzyme dosage, trans-thoracic echocardiogram, coronary angiography, ventriculogram) and second level tests (intracoronary imaging, coronary vasomotor test, cardiac nuclear magnetic resonance and trans-esophageal or contrast ultrasound). Through this process, it is possible to identify the cause of MINOCA, fundamental for targeting therapy on the disease mechanism, thus constituting a typical example of precision medicine.
Causal relationship between influenza infection and risk of acute myocardial infarction: pathophysiological hypothesis and clinical implications
Authors: Muscente Francesca , De Caterina Raffaele 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Presently several evidences support an association between acute myocardial infarction and influenza infection. The pathophysiology rationale rests on the release of inflammation cytokines, rupture of atherosclerotic plaque, and triggering of prothrombotic events leading to coronary artery occlusion. Several observational evidences support a potential role of influenza vaccine in cardiovascular prevention. It is estimated that the efficacy of influenza vaccine in preventing myocardial infarction could range between 15% and 45%. Notwithstanding the clear recommendation of numerous guidelines concerning patients with cardiovascular diseases, vaccination rates are still low in the high-risk groups. Influenza vaccine as preventive measure of cardiovascular disease still awaits support from randomized clinical trials. Nonetheless, considering the favourable cost-efficacy and safety profile of influenza vaccination, its use should be encouraged in everyday clinical practice.
Cryptogenic stroke over 60 years of age: should patent foramen ovale be closed?
Authors: Gaspardone Achille , Sgueglia Gregory A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is an anatomical communication between the left and the right atrium due to the lack of completed sealing of the fossa ovalis. Epidemiologic data, for the most part derived from young populations studies, suggested that PFO, allowing paradoxical embolization of thrombotic material from the venous to the arterial district, could play a significant role in the pathogenesis of cryptogenic ischaemic cerebral events. Recently, three randomized studies in patients ≤60 years of age demonstrated the superiority of percutaneous closure of PFO over medical antithrombotic treatment. Several studies, on the other hand, indicated that also in older patients with cryptogenic cerebral ischaemia, there was an higher prevalence of PFO in patients at low atherosclerosis and cardioembolic risk, and increased incidence of adverse cerebral events (mostly cryptogenic in patients treated medically, but likely due to a new cause in patients who had percutaneous closure of PFO). Advanced age is associated with more risk factors for deep vein thrombosis, and consequent paradoxical embolization through the PFO, so much so that careful consideration should be given to patients over the age of 60 years with cryptogenic stroke, as to not forgo the benefit of percutaneous closure of PFO, merely for anagraphic consideration. This consideration is particularly poignant in light of the more recent technical advances now available, such as direct percutaneous suture, mostly appealing for elderly patients, for its better tolerability and high safety both peri-procedural and during the follow-up, as well as the lack of necessity for antithrombotic treatment.
Subclinical atrial fibrillation: when to give NAO?
Authors: Patti Giuseppe , Sticchi Alessandro 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is defined as subclinical (SAF) when occurs without symptoms and is discovered only during the interrogation of permanent or temporary cardiac implantable devices. The significant interest in this condition derives from the fact that could easily be otherwise undiagnosed, portending to a potential serious neurological and cardiovascular consequences. The diagnosis of SAF is important for both the primary form and for patients after a stroke, and an appropriate management of antithrombotic treatment becomes a central instrument of prevention. Atrial fibrillation carries a five times increase in the thromboembolic risk. The subclinical asymptomatic forms of atrial tachyarrhythmias and fibrillation, diagnosed by interrogation of implantable cardiac devices, foretell a non-irrelevant risk of stroke, significantly higher than the one for patients without rhythm disturbances. Regardless the cause, the long-lasting asymptomatic arrhythmias, in patients with a significant risk profile, predict more important consequences and can justify anticoagulant treatment, also in primary prevention settings.
(Epicardial and microvascular) angina or atypical chest pain: differential diagnoses with cardiovascular magnetic resonance
Authors: Baggiano Andrea , Guglielmo Marco , Muscogiuri Giuseppe , Guaricci Andrea Igoren , Del Torto Alberico , Pontone Gianluca 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Angina pectoris is a chest discomfort caused by myocardial ischaemia, and it is classified as ‘typical’ or ‘atypical’ if specific features are present. Unfortunately, there is a heterogeneous list of cardiac diseases characterized by this symptom as onset sign. Mostly, angina is due to significant epicardial coronary artery stenosis, which causes inadequate oxygen supply increase after raised myocardial oxygen demand. In the absence of significant epicardial stenoses, another potential cause of angina is microvascular dysfunction, related to inadequate response of resistance coronary vessels to vasodilator stimuli. The unique capability of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in providing extremely detailed morphological and functional information, along with precise stress perfusion defects and wall motion abnormalities depiction, translates it into the test with one of the best diagnostic performance and prognostic stratification among non-invasive cardiac imaging modality. Moreover, CMR is also extremely accurate in detecting non-ischaemic cardiac causes of chest pain (such as myocardial and pericardial inflammation, or stress-related cardiomyopathy), and is very useful in helping physicians to correctly approach patients affected by chest pain.
Cardiac amyloidosis: do not forget to look for it
Authors: Porcari Aldostefano , Falco Luca , Lio Veronica , Merlo Marco , Fabris Enrico , Bussani Rossana , Sinagra Gianfranco 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Amyloidosis is a systemic disease due to buildup of protein material in the extracellular space, which can affect the heart, mainly in its light chain and transtyretin forms. Historically this condition has been considered very uncommon, and it was certainly under-diagnosed. Today is well known that in certain group of patients its prevalence is, indeed, very high (25% in patients over the age of 80 years; 32% in patients over 75 years with heart failure and preserved systolic function, and 5% in post-mortem series of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). Some genetically determined form of transthyretin amyloidosis are quite common in certain populations, such as Caribbean origin African-Americans. The wide spectrum of signs, symptoms, and first-level tests often overlapping among various other conditions, represent a diagnostic challenge for the clinical cardiologist. The opportunity to reach the diagnosis with non-invasive testing (first and foremost scintiscan with bone markers), as well as encouraging results of newer classes of drugs, raised the interest in this condition, so far burdened by an ominous prognosis. Early diagnosis of amyloidosis should always be guided by clinical suspicion but should also be supported by a multidisciplinary approach, aimed at optimizing the prognosis of the condition. Despite the newer drugs now available, a late diagnosis affect negatively the prognosis, and the opportunity to implement disease-modifying therapies (e.g. liver transplant in ATTR, or bone marrow transplant in AL) able to cure or at least delay the progression of the disease.
Male sterility and reduced female fertility in SCAPER-deficient mice
Authors: Tatour Yasmin , Bar-Joseph Hadas , Shalgi Ruth , Ben-Yosef Tamar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMutations in S-phase cyclin A-associated protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (SCAPER) cause a recessively inherited multisystemic disorder whose main features are retinal degeneration and intellectual disability. SCAPER, originally identified as a cell cycle regulator, was also suggested to be a ciliary protein. Because Scaper mutant males are sterile, we set up to characterize their phenotype. The testes of Scaper mutant mice are significantly smaller than those of WT mice. Histology revealed no signs of spermatogenesis, and seminiferous tubules contained mainly Sertoli cells with a few spermatogonia/spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). In WT testes, SCAPER is expressed by SSCs and in the various stages of spermatogenesis, as well as in Sertoli cells. In WT spermatozoa SCAPER is not expressed in the flagellum but rather in the head compartment, where it is found both in the nucleus and in the perinuclear region. Scaper mutant females present reduced fertility, manifested by a significantly smaller litter size compared to WT females. Mutant ovaries are similar in size but comprised of significantly less primordial and antral follicles, compared to WT ovaries, while the number of atretic follicles is significantly higher. In WT ovarian follicles SCAPER is expressed in the somatic granulosa cells as well as in the oocyte. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that SCAPER is a crucial component in both male and female reproductive systems. We hypothesize that the reproductive phenotype observed in Scaper mutant mice is rooted in SCAPER’s interaction with cyclin A/Cdk2, which play an important role, however different, in male and female gonads.
Hormone replacement therapy for open heart surgery in a patient with panhypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus
Authors: Takagi Kazuyoshi , Tayama Eiki 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We present an unusual case of a patient with panhypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus who underwent aortic valve replacement. We successfully managed these complicated endocrine disorders by using appropriate hormonal replacement therapy.
Successful repair of critical bronchial stenosis with coexisting bronchomalacia and congenital heart defects in infants by slide bronchoplasty
Authors: Tong Phuc Duy , Nguyen Hung Dang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Isolated bronchial stenosis in infancy is rare, difficult to manage and becomes more complex when associated with congenital heart defects. Given the small luminal diameter and the proximity of the lung parenchyma to the bronchial lesion in infants, reconstruction of the bronchial stenosis is surgically challenging. We present 2 infant cases having isolated critical bronchial obstruction with congenital heart defects, which were successfully managed by primary one-stage slide bronchoplasty with concomitant heart repair. Both cases had excellent results after the surgery and did well at home without requiring respiratory support.
Patients undergoing surgery for oligometastatic oesophageal cancer survive for more than 2 years: bootstrapping systematic review data
Authors: Schizas Dimitrios , Mylonas Konstantinos S , Kapsampelis Panagiotis , Bagias George , Katsaros Ioannis , Frountzas Maximos , Hemmati Pouya , Liakakos Theodoros 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Oesophageal cancer oligometastasis is a state of limited systemic disease characterized by ˂5 metastases. Without surgery average survival is 4–12 months. We sought to estimate patient prognosis following the surgical resection of oligometastatic disease from oesophageal cancer.

METHODS
Eligible studies were identified through systematic search of PubMed and the Cochrane Library (end-of-search date: 20 November 2019). We estimated cumulative 1-, 3- and 5-year, as well as overall survival using bootstrap methodology with 1 000 000 repetitions per outcome.

RESULTS
We investigated six studies involving 420 patients who underwent metastasectomy for oligometastasis from oesophageal cancer. Adenocarcinoma [77.3%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 62.8–87.3] was the most prevalent histological type followed by squamous cell carcinoma (22.7%; 95% CI 12.7–37.2). Metastatic lesions were typically synchronous (91.5%; 95% CI 87.5–94.1). Overall, 73.5% (95% CI 67.5–78.6) of the patients underwent resection of the primary and metastatic tumours synchronously. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was utilized in the majority of the patients (66.7%; 95% CI 49.5–80.3) followed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (33.3%; 95% CI 19.6–50.5). The mean overall survival was 24.5 months (95% CI 14.4–34.6). One-year survival was 88.3% (95% CI 85.6–90.8). Three-year survival and 5-year survival were 36.3% (95% CI 15.3–7.3) and 23.8% (95% CI 12.0–35.7), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients undergoing surgical resection of oesophageal oligometastasis survive for more than 24 months. Therefore, loco-regional control of oligometastatic disease appears to improve survival by at least 100%.
Brand-Name Antidepressants Outperform Their Generic Counterparts in Preventing Hospitalization for Depression: The Real-World Evidence from Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Chih-Wei , Lee Sheng-Yu , Yang Yao-Hsu , Wang Liang-Jen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Generic antidepressants are approved on the market based on evidence of bioequivalence to their brand-name versions. We aimed to assess whether generic antidepressants exert equal effectiveness as their brand-name counterparts for treating patients with depressive disorders.

Methods
In a nationwide, population-based cohort in Taiwan from 1997 through 2013, patients with a diagnosis of a depressive disorder aged between 18 and 65 years who were new users of antidepressant drugs were classified into either the brand-name group or the generic group. All patients were followed up until medication discontinuation or the end of the study period. We assessed the risk for hospitalization as a primary outcome and augmentation therapy, daily dose, medication discontinuation, or switching to another antidepressant as secondary outcomes.

Results
A total of 277 651 brand-name users (35.8% male; mean age: 41.2 years) and 270 583 generic users (35.8% male; mean age: 41.0 years) were divided into 10 different antidepressant groups (fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, escitalopram, citalopram, venlafaxine, mirtazapine, moclobemide, imipramine, and bupropion). We found that patients treated with the generic form of sertraline, paroxetine, escitalopram, venlafaxine, mirtazapine, and bupropion demonstrated significantly higher risks of psychiatric hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratios ranged from 1.20–2.34), compared to their brand-name counterparts. The differences between brand-name antidepressants and their generic counterparts in secondary outcomes varied across different drugs.

Conclusions
Compared to most generic antidepressants, brand-name drugs exhibited more protective effects on psychiatric hospitalization for depressive patients. These findings could serve as an important reference for clinicians when encountering patients with depressive disorder.
Planarity in Higher-Dimensional Contact Manifolds
Authors: Acu Bahar , Moreno Agustin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe obtain several results for (iterated) planar contact manifolds in higher dimensions. (1) Iterated planar contact manifolds are not weakly symplectically co-fillable. This generalizes a 3D result of Etnyre [ 14] to a higher-dimensional setting, where the notion of weak fillability is that due to Massot-Niederkrüger-Wendl [ 38]. (2) They do not arise as nonseparating weak contact-type hypersurfaces in closed symplectic manifolds. This generalizes a result by Albers-Bramham-Wendl [ 4]. (3) They satisfy the Weinstein conjecture, that is, every contact form admits a closed Reeb orbit. This is proved by an alternative approach as that of [ 2] and is a higher-dimensional generalization of a result of Abbas-Cieliebak-Hofer [ 1]. The results follow as applications from a suitable symplectic handle attachment, which bears some independent interest.
Global Rigidity of 2D Linearly Constrained Frameworks
Authors: Guler Hakan , Jackson Bill , Nixon Anthony 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA linearly constrained framework in $\mathbb{R}^d$ is a point configuration together with a system of constraints that fixes the distances between some pairs of points and additionally restricts some of the points to lie in given affine subspaces. It is globally rigid if the configuration is uniquely defined by the constraint system. We show that a generic linearly constrained framework in $\mathbb{R}^2$ is globally rigid if and only if it is redundantly rigid and “balanced”. For unbalanced generic frameworks, we determine the precise number of solutions to the constraint system whenever the rigidity matroid of the framework is connected. We obtain a stress matrix sufficient condition and a Hendrickson type necessary condition for a generic linearly constrained framework to be globally rigid in $\mathbb{R}^d$.
A Novel Solid Artificial Diet for Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) Larvae With Fitness Parameters Assessed by Two-Sex Life Table
Authors: Liu Xiangrui , Lin Xianwu , Li Jing , Li Fen , Cao Fengqin , Yan Rihui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), is a serious pest of many fruits and vegetables throughout the world. Here we have developed an easy and quick-to-prepare solid medium with multiple benefits including reductions in post-rearing waste, storage space, and labor for rearing Z. cucurbitae larvae. The development time from egg to pupa was 19.11 d when larvae were reared on the artificial diet, slightly longer than 17.73 d on pumpkin and 17.13 d on cucumber. Zeugodacus cucurbitae achieved higher values of pupal weight, length, and width on the artificial diet than two natural diet controls. The rates of pupation and adult emergence of Z. cucurbitae grown on the solid medium were comparable with those on pumpkin and cucumber. Furthermore, determined by age-specific two-sex life table method, the age-specific survival rate of Z. cucurbitae was higher on the artificial diet than cucumber but lower than pumpkin. The reproductive ability and population dynamics of Z. cucurbitae were not significantly affected on the solid medium compared with those on the two natural diets. The results suggest that our solid artificial diet is excellent for rearing Z. cucurbitae larvae in laboratory and may be used for its mass rearing, therefore facilitating its research and control.
Transfusion Requirements and Blood Bank Support in Heart and Lung Transplantation
Authors: Yoo Dong-Won , Lee Hyun-Ji , Oh Seung-Hwan , Kim In Suk , Kim Hyung-Hoi , Je Hyung Gon , Kim Dohyung , Cho Woo Hyun , Kim Jeong Su , Lee Soo Yong , Yeo Hye Ju 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
Transplantations may require massive transfusion of blood products. Therefore, blood banks need to predict, prepare, and supply the required amount of blood products.

Methods
We measured the volume of transfused blood components as red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate in 54 and 89 patients who received heart and lung transplantation, respectively, in our hospital between January 2012 and December 2019.

Results
Platelets were the most frequently transfused blood component. Transfusion volumes during heart and lung transplantation surgeries differed: red blood cells, 7.83 units vs 14.84 units; fresh frozen plasma, 2.67 units vs 12.29 units; platelets, 13.13 units vs 23.63 units; and cryoprecipitate, 1.74 units vs 2.57 units; respectively. The average transfusion volume of transplants was different each year.

Conclusion
Periodic evaluation of transfusion requirements will facilitate the efficient management of blood products at the time of transplantation and help blood banks predict changes in blood requirements.
A mechanism of spark motion in inner acceleration region to investigate subpulse drifting in pulsars
Authors: Basu Rahul , Mitra Dipanjan , Melikidze George I 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Coherent radio emission in pulsars is excited due to instabilities in a relativistically streaming non-stationary plasma flow, which is generated from sparking discharges in the inner acceleration region (IAR) near the stellar surface. A number of detailed works have shown the IAR to be a partially screened gap (PSG) dominated by non-dipolar magnetic fields with continuous outflow of ions from the surface. The phenomenon of subpulse drifting is expected to originate due to variable $\boldsymbol {E}\times \boldsymbol {B}$ drift of the sparks in PSG, where the sparks lag behind corotation velocity of the pulsar. Detailed observations show a wide variety of subpulse drifting behaviour where subpulses in different components of the profile have different phase trajectories. But the drifting periodicity is seen to be constant, within measurement errors, across all components of the profile. Using the concept of sparks lagging behind corotation speed in PSG as well as the different orientations of the surface non-dipolar magnetic fields, we have simulated the expected single pulse behaviour in a representative sample of pulsars. Our results show that the different types of drifting phase behaviour can be reproduced using these simple assumptions of spark dynamics in a non-dipolar IAR.