bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert 
Published: October 2019

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 11Cagla Atmaca, Pamukkale University, TurkeyFatma Ozudogru, Usak University, TurkeyFroilan D. Mobo, Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, PhilippineGuilherme Tucher, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), BrazilIoannis Syrmpas, University of Thessaly, GreeceJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, UKJon S. Turner, Missouri State University, USALucy Lugo Mawang, Kenyatta University, KenyaMatt Varacallo, University of Kentucky, USAMaurizio Sajeva, Pellervo Economic Research PTT, FinlandMeral Seker, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, TurkeyMichael Wall, Independent Researcher in Music and Music Education, USASamah El-Sakka, Suez University, EgyptSandro Sehic, Oneida BOCES, USASayim Aktay, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, TurkeySelloane Pitikoe, University of Eswatini, EswatiniThada Jantakoon, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, ThailandVeronica Rosa, University Rome, ItalyVjacheslav Ivanovich Babich, Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, UkraineYuxi Qiu, University of Florida, USA Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Turbulent Reactive Flow Modeling in Engines: Simulating Engine Dynamics Using fearce
Authors: Waters Jiajia , Carrington David B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Los Alamos turbulent reactive flow researchers, our modelers, and simulation code developers have succeeded in providing the engine research and development community an encompassing, robust, accurate, and easy-to-use software for engine modeling or simulations. This software is now known as the fearce Toolkit. In this paper, we discuss the physics present in the engine by discussing the methods we have employed to solve the model equations within the toolkit. Provided is background on what has been developed recently at LANL for internal combustion engine modeling.
Impact of Wall Temperature in Large Eddy Simulation of Light-Round in an Annular Liquid Fueled Combustor and Assessment of Wall Models
Authors: Puggelli S. , Lancien T. , Prieur K. , Durox D. , Candel S. , Vicquelin R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The process of ignition in aero-engines raises many practical issues that need to be faced during the design process. Recent experiments and simulations have provided detailed insights into ignition in single-injector configurations and on the light-round sequence in annular combustors. It was shown that large eddy simulation (LES) was able to reliably reproduce the physical phenomena involved in the ignition of both perfectly premixed and liquid spray flames. This study aims at further extending the knowledge on flame propagation during the ignition of annular multiple injector combustors by focusing the attention on the effects of heat losses, which have not been accounted for in numerical calculations before. This problem is examined by developing LESs of the light-round process with a fixed temperature at the solid boundaries. Calculations are carried out for a laboratory-scale annular system. Results are compared in terms of flame shape and light-round duration with available experiments and with an adiabatic LES serving as a reference. Wall heat losses lead to a significant reduction in the flame propagation velocity as observed experimentally. However, the LES underestimates this effect and leads to a globally shorter light-round. To better understand this discrepancy, the study focuses then on the analysis of the near wall region. An a priori analysis underlines the shortcomings associated with the chosen wall law by considering a more advanced wall model that fully accounts for variable thermophysical properties and for the unsteadiness of the boundary layer.
An Approximate Method of Analysis for Laminar Heat Transfer in Liquid-Liquid Taylor Flows in Mini Scale Tubing
Authors: Alrbee K. , Muzychka Y. S. , Duan X. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Heat transfer analysis of liquid-liquid Taylor flow in previous studies almost never shows the effect of slug length on heat transfer. The homogenous or single-phase analysis is often the only method available to deal with flow of multi components. In the present study a new approach is developed to model the segmented liquid-liquid Taylor flow as two separated systems and presenting heat transfer enhancement for each component. The effect of internal circulation and boundary layer renewal within the two fluid components is clearly observed. An experimental setup was assembled using open loop system at mini scale size in which liquid-liquid Taylor flow is heated under a constant wall temperature. Three silicone oils of 1, 3, and 5 cSt were segmented using distilled water at three volume fractions 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75. Finally, heat transfer data of the dimensionless mean wall heat flux shows good agreement with a predictive model proposed in an earlier work by the second author. The results show an impact of the fluid cell dimensions on the rate of heat transfer.
Heat Transfer Investigation of an Additively Manufactured Minichannel Heat Exchanger
Authors: Rastan Hamidreza , Abdi Amir , Ignatowicz Monika , Hamawandi Bejan , Lee Poh Seng , Palm Björn 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study investigates the thermal performance of laminar single-phase flow in an additively manufactured minichannel heat exchanger both experimentally and numerically. Distilled water was employed as the working fluid, and the minichannel heat exchanger was made from aluminum alloy (AlSi10Mg) through direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). The minichannel was designed with a hydraulic diameter of 2.86 mm. The Reynolds number ranged from 175 to 1360, and the heat exchanger was tested under two different heat fluxes of 1.5 kWm−2 and 3 kWm−2. A detailed experiment was conducted to obtain the thermal properties of AlSi10Mg. Furthermore, the heat transfer characteristics of the minichannel heat exchanger was analyzed numerically by solving a three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer using the COMSOL Multiphysics® to verify the experimental results. The experimental results were also compared to widely accepted correlations in literature. It is found that 95% and 79% of the experimental data are within ±10% range of both the simulation results and the values from the existing correlations, respectively. Hence, the good agreement found between the experimental and simulation results highlights the possibility of the DMLS technique as a promising method for manufacturing future multiport minichannel heat exchangers.
Thermoreflectance Wall Temperature Measurement in Annular Two-Phase Flow
Authors: Chan Jason , Fehring Brian E. , Morse Roman W. , Dressler Kristofer M. , Nellis Gregory F. , Hurlburt Evan T. , Berson Arganthaël 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A thermoreflectance method to measure wall temperature in two-phase annular flow is described. In high heat flux conditions, momentary dry-out occurs as the liquid film vaporizes, resulting in dramatic decreases in heat transfer coefficient. Simultaneous liquid and vapor thermoreflectance measurements allow calculations of instantaneous and time-averaged heat transfer coefficients. Validation, calibration and uncertainty of the technique are discussed.
A Compact Condenser for Thermal Desalination: Experimental Characterization and System Level Impact
Authors: Safarkoolan Ramuel , Mu Xingsen , Narayanan Vinod 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Condensation heat transfer occurs in a variety of applications such as power generation, desalination, and thermal management. In this paper, the system level impact of using a microchannel condenser in multi-stage flash desalination is presented using a simple thermal model of the condenser. The condenser is comprised of several plates with internal microscale pin fin arrays through which cooling fluid (brine) flows. Externally, water vapor condenses in between the plates and is drained by gravity. The fabrication and thermal performance of a small-scale microchannel condenser is experimentally characterized. Condensation experiments are performed under sub-atmospheric conditions relevant to multi-stage flash desalination stage temperatures with varying flow rates of the cooling fluid, cooling fluid inlet temperature and condensation pressure.
Flow Maldistribution Effects on the Temperature Uniformity in Double-Layered Microchannel Heat Sinks
Authors: Nonino Carlo , Savino Stefano 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A numerical investigation is carried out on the effects of flow maldistribution on the temperature uniformity and overall thermal resistance in double-layered microchannel heat sinks. Different flow maldistribution models accounting for the effects of some typical header designs are considered together with different combinations of the average inlet velocity in the two layers of microchannels for a given total mass flow rate. The numerical simulations are carried out using an in-house FEM procedure previously developed by the authors for the analysis of cross-flow microchannel heat exchangers.
High Heat Flux Dissipation Using Symmetric Dual-Taper Manifold in Pool Boiling
Authors: Chauhan Aranya , Kandlikar Satish G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The trend of miniaturization in electronics presents a great challenge in the thermal management of devices. The continuous increase in the number of transistors in the processor leads to high heat flux generation, limiting the performance of the device. Boiling heat transfer offers a great heat removal competency while maintaining the low chip temperatures. The critical heat flux (CHF) dictates the maximum heat removal ability, and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) defines the efficiency of the boiling process. This pool boiling study is focused on using a manifold containing a symmetric dual taper over the heating surface. The heat transfer performance of this configuration is evaluated for different taper angles in the manifold. The macro-convection assisted by vapor columns during boiling enhance the CHF and HTC limit significantly. A CHF of 287 W/cm2 with an HTC of 116 kW/cm2°C was achieved with a plain copper surface, representing greater than a 2-fold increases in each over a plain surface.
Paediatric exhaled CO2detector causes leaks
Authors: Martherus Tessa , den Hoed Annika , Cramer Sophie J E , Tan Ratna N G B , Hooper Stuart B , te Pas Arjan B 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo assess leakage caused by the Pedi-Cap.MethodsBench test I: Pedi-Caps were connected between the Neopuff and a test lung and placed underwater to detect the leak. Bench test II: the disposable Avea VarFlex Flow Transducer measured the leak. Retrospective analysis: recordings of intubations in the delivery room were analysed.ResultsThe (rippled) male end of the Pedi-Cap is the origin of the leak. In bench test I, 32% of the Pedi-Caps caused inevitable extensive leaks and 34% caused leaks that diminished after sealing the end. In bench test II (n=44) and the retrospective analysis (n=17), the flow transducer measured 22% (18–60) and 39% (8–82) leakage, respectively. Leakage decreased after removal of the Pedi-Cap (before vs after; 17% (7–75) vs 4% (2–10), p=0.004).ConclusionThe Pedi-Cap causes the leak which can compromise respiratory support. We recommend to remove the Pedi-Cap directly after change of colour and to be cautious when using the device as evaluation tool.
Cough and you’ll miss it
Authors: Molloy Seana , Batchelor Gemma , McCadden Luke , Moore Rebecca , Bourke Thomas , Thompson Andrew 
Published: October 2019

­A 9-month-old boy presented to the emergency department with acute wheeze. He had a background of cleft lip repair at 4 months and was awaiting palatoplasty. He had mild eczema but had never had a previous wheezy episode, and was awaiting cardiology follow-up for a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). He had been at the child minder when symptoms began abruptly with no witnessed event. On assessment, the wheeze had resolved, saturations were 98% breathing air, respiratory rate was 34 breaths per minute and he was afebrile. He was discharged home with safety net advice.He represented 2 days later with cough, wheeze and shortness of breath. On examination, he had subcostal recession and there was reduced air entry on the right. There was no wheeze, crepitations or obvious organomegaly. Oxygen saturations were 98% breathing air, respiratory rate was 38 breaths per minute and he was afebrile. Oral amoxicillin was given.QuestionsGiven the history what is the likely diagnosis?BronchiolitisCongestive heart failureForeign body aspirationPneumoniaReactive airways diseaseWhich investigation would be most useful at this stage?BronchoscopyChest X-rayCT chestEchocardiogramPoint-of-care respiratory stripWhat is the next step in the management?Intravenous ceftriaxone/clarithromycinIntravenous diureticsNeedle thoracocentesisOral steroids and inhaled bronchodilatorRigid bronchoscopyWhat are the long term complications of an undiagnosed foreign body?Answers can be found on page 2.
Long-term follow-up of quiescent choroidal neovascularisation associated with age-related macular degeneration or pachychoroid disease
Authors: Forte Raimondo , Coscas Florence , Serra Rita , Cabral Diogo , Colantuono Donato , Souied Eric H 
Published: October 2019

AimsTo evaluate the long-term progression of quiescent type 1 choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or with pachychoroid disease.MethodsAll cases of quiescent type 1 CNV with a minimum follow-up of 12 months seen at the Department of Ophthalmology of University Paris Est, Creteil and at the Centre Ophtalmologique de l’Odeon, Paris, between June 2009 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) of eyes not showing CNV activation during 24 months was evaluated for quantitative analyses of CNV status biomarkers (fractal dimension, lacunarity, vessel density, aspect ratio, CNV area).ResultsA total of 67 eyes (65 patients, 43 females, mean age 76.63±9.7 years) with quiescent CNV and a mean follow-up of 49.56±27.3 (12–112) months were included. Of 28 eyes showing activation of quiescent CNV, 12 eyes with pachychoroid-associated CNV showed reduced visual loss (−3.28 ETDRS letters, p=0.7 vs −13.03 ETDRS letters, p=0.02), greater choroidal thinning (−59.5 µm, p=0.03 vs – 16.36 µm, p=0.3) and needed less antivascular endothelial growth factor intravitreal injections (IVI) (0.09 vs 0.21, p=0.01) than 16 eyes with AMD-associated CNV. CNV area was the only OCT-A biomarker to significantly change during 24 months in inactive quiescent CNV (+29.5%, p=0.01, in pachychoroid group and +27.1%, p=0.03, in the AMD group).ConclusionIn the long-term follow-up, inactive quiescent CNV showed an increase of CNV area without significant changes of the other OCT-A biomarkers. Quiescent type 1 CNV undergoing activation showed greater response to IVI when associated to pachychoroid.
Lessons learned from ramping up a Canadian Take Home Naloxone programme during a public health emergency: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Young Sympascho , Williams Sierra , Otterstatter Michael , Lee Jennifer , Buxton Jane 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesThis study describes the 2016 expansion of the British Columbia Take Home Naloxone (BCTHN) programme quantitatively and explores the challenges, facilitators and successes during the ramp up from the perspectives of programme stakeholders.DesignMixed-methods study.SettingThe BCTHN programme was implemented in 2012 to reduce opioid overdose deaths by providing naloxone kits and overdose recognition and response training in BC, Canada. An increase in the number of overdose deaths in 2016 in BC led to the declaration of a public health emergency and a rapid ramp up of naloxone kit production and distribution. BCTHN distributes naloxone to the five regional health authorities of BC.ParticipantsFocus groups and key informant interviews were conducted with 18 stakeholders, including BC Centre for Disease Control staff, urban and rural site coordinators, and harm reduction coordinators from the five regional health authorities across BC.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTake Home Naloxone (THN) programme activity, qualitative themes and lessons learnt were identified.ResultsIn 2016, BCTHN responded to a 20-fold increase in demand of naloxone kits and added over 300 distribution sites. Weekly numbers of overdose events and overdose deaths were correlated with increases in THN kits ordered the following week, during 2013–2017. Challenges elicited include forecasting demand, operational logistics, financial, manpower and policy constraints. Facilitators included outsourcing kit production, implementing standing orders and policy changes in naloxone scheduling, which allowed for easier hiring of staff, reduced paperwork and expanded client access.ConclusionFor THN programmes preparing for potential increases in naloxone demand, we recommend creating an online database, implementing standing orders and developing online training resources for standardised knowledge translation to site staff and clients.
Evaluating the efficacy of Internet-Based Exercise programme Aimed at Treating knee Osteoarthritis (iBEAT-OA) in the community: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Gohir Sameer Akram , Greenhaff Paul , Abhishek Abhishek , Valdes Ana M. 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionKnee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease worldwide. As of today, there are no disease-modifying drugs, but there is evidence that muscle strengthening exercises can substantially reduce pain and improve function in this disorder, and one very well tested physiotherapy protocol is the ‘Better Management of Patients with Osteoarthritis’ developed in Sweden. Given the high prevalence of knee OA, a potentially cost-effective, digitally delivered approach to treat knee OA should be trialled. This study aims to explore the benefits of iBEAT-OA (Internet-Based Exercise programme Aimed at Treating knee Osteoarthritis) in modulating pain, function and other health-related outcomes in individuals with knee OA.Methods and analysisA randomised controlled trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a web-based exercise programme in a population with knee OA compared with standard community care provided by general practitioners (GPs) in the UK. We anticipate recruiting participants into equal groups. The intervention group (n=67) will exercise for 20–30 min daily for six consecutive weeks, whereas the control group (n=67) will follow GP-recommended routine care. The participants will be assessed using a Numerical Rating Scale, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, the Arthritis Research UK Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, 30 s sit to stand test, timed up and go test, quantitative sensory testing, musculoskeletal ultrasound scan, muscle thickness assessment of the vastus lateralis, and quadriceps muscles force generation during an isokinetic maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Samples of urine, blood, faeces and synovial fluid will be collected to establish biomarkers associated with changes in pain and sleep patterns in individuals affected with knee OA. Standard parametric regression methods will be used for statistical analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee (ref: 18/EM/0154) and the Health Research Authority (protocol no: 18021). The study was registered in June 2018. The results of the trial will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT03545048
Smoking susceptibility among non-smoking school-going adolescents in Malaysia: findings from a national school-based survey
Authors: Lim Kuang Hock , Ghazali Sumarni Mohd , Lim Hui Li , Cheong Kee Chee , Teh Chien Huey , Lim Kuang Kuay , Heng Pei Pei , Cheah Yong Kang , Lim Jia Hui 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveThe identification of susceptible non-smoking adolescents is an essential step in reducing smoking initiation among adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and factors associated with smoking susceptibility among non-smoking school-going adolescents in Malaysia.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingPrimary and secondary schools in Malaysia.Participants11 246 non-smoking school-going adolescents.Outcome measuresThe prevalence and factors associated with smoking susceptibility among non-smoking school-going adolescents in Malaysia.ResultsApproximately 14% of non-smokers were susceptible to smoking, and the prevalence of susceptibility was significantly higher among males, ever-smokers and e-cigarette users. The odds of susceptibility to smoking were higher among males, e-cigarette users, those aged 12 years and under and those who had ever smoked or tried cigarettes. Students from schools with educational programmes on the health effects of second-hand smoke (SHS) and who perceived smoking to be harmful were less likely to be susceptible to smoking.ConclusionSmoking susceptibility is prevalent among school-going adolescents. A comprehensive approach that enhances or reinforces health education programmes on the adverse health effects of smoking and SHS among school children, that considers multiple factors and that involves all stakeholders is urgently needed to reduce the prevalence of smoking susceptibility among vulnerable subgroups, as identified from the present findings.