bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Mechanical Properties of 3D‐Printed, CAD/CAM, and Conventional Denture Base Materials
Authors: Prpić Vladimir , Schauperl Zdravko , Ćatić Amir , Dulčić Nikša , Čimić Samir 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate and compare the mechanical properties (flexural strength and surface hardness) of different materials and technologies for denture base fabrication. The study emphasized the digital technologies of computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and three‐dimensional (3D) printing.Materials and MethodsA total of 160 rectangular specimens were fabricated from three conventional heat‐polymerized (ProBase Hot, Paladon 65, and Interacryl Hot), three CAD/CAM produced (IvoBase CAD, Interdent CC disc PMMA, and Polident CAD/CAM disc), one 3D‐printed (NextDent Base), and one polyamide material (Vertex ThermoSens) for denture base fabrication. The flexural strength test was the three‐point flexure test, while hardness testing was conducted using the Brinell method. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics (α = 0.05).ResultsDuring flexural testing, the IvoBase CAD and Vertex ThermoSens specimens did not fracture during loading. The flexural strength values of the other groups ranged from 71.7 ± 7.4 MPa to 111.9 ± 4.3 MPa. The surface hardness values ranged from 67.13 ± 10.64 MPa to 145.66 ± 2.22 MPa. There were significant differences between the tested materials for both flexural strength and surface hardness. There were also differences between some materials with the same polymerization type. CAD/CAM and polyamide materials had the highest flexural strength values. Two groups of CAD/CAM materials had the highest surface hardness values, while a third, along with the polyamide material, had the lowest. The 3D‐printed materials had the lowest flexural strength values.ConclusionsGenerally, CAD/CAM materials show better mechanical properties than heat‐polymerized and 3D‐printed acrylics do. Nevertheless, a material's polymerization type is no guarantee of its optimal mechanical properties.
The Longitudinal Development of Fine‐Phonetic Detail: Stop Production in a Domestic Immersion Program
Authors: Casillas Joseph V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study explored the initial stages of adult second language (L2) learning with a special focus on the acquisition of the target language sound system. The aim was to analyze the longitudinal development of Spanish stop voicing contrasts in an immersion learning context. Native English‐speaking late learners of Spanish provided production data for Spanish stops on a weekly basis throughout a domestic immersion program. The data were analyzed using Bayesian multilevel models and generalized additive mixed models. The analyses revealed phonetic learning in voiced stops over the course of the immersion program, though learners’ production was inconsistent and did not fall within native ranges for most stop segments. The results suggest that L2 phonetic category formation can occur at an early stage of development and follows a nonlinear trajectory that is subject to individual and segment‐specific variability. Furthermore, L2 phonetic representations are unstable during the early stages of learning.
Diverse groups of fungi are associated with plastics in the surface waters of the Western South Atlantic and the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Lacerda Ana L. d. F. , Proietti Maíra C. , Secchi Eduardo R. , Taylor Joe D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMarine plastic pollution has a range of negative impacts for biota and the colonization of plastics in the marine environment by microorganisms may have significant ecological impacts. However, data on epiplastic organisms, particularly fungi, is still lacking for many ocean regions. To evaluate plastic associated fungi and their geographic distribution, we characterised plastics sampled from surface waters of the western South Atlantic (WSA) and Antarctic Peninsula (AP), using DNA metabarcoding of three molecular markers (ITS2, 18S rRNA V4 and V9 regions). Numerous taxa from eight fungal phyla and a total of 64 orders were detected, including groups that had not yet been described associated with plastics. There was a varied phylogenetic assemblage of predominantly known saprotrophic taxa within the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. We found a range of marine cosmopolitan genera present on plastics in both locations, i.e., Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Wallemia and a number of taxa unique to each region, as well as a high variation of taxa such as Chytridiomycota and Aphelidomycota between locations. Within these basal fungal groups we identified a number of phylogenetically novel taxa. This is the first description of fungi from the Plastisphere within the Southern Hemisphere, and highlights the need to further investigate the potential impacts of plastic associated fungi on other organisms and marine ecosystems.
Whither extensions?
Authors: Pereplyotchik David 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPaul Pietroski develops an iconoclastic account of linguistic meaning. Here, I invite him to say more about what it implies about the relations between language, truth, and conceptual content. Readers concerned with securing the objectivity of conceptual thought may be worried about his claims that typical concepts “have no extensions” and that they “fit one another better than they fit the world.” Others might applaud his anti‐extensionalism in natural‐language semantics but fear that his account re‐raises familiar problems about extensions at the level of psychology.
Vimentin citrullination probed by a novel monoclonal antibody serves as a specific indicator for reactive astrocytes in neurodegeneration
Authors: Jang B. , Kim M.J. , Lee Y.J. , Ishigami A. , Kim Y.S. , Choi E.K. 
Published: April 2020

AimsVimentin citrullination, the calcium (Ca2+)‐dependent peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD)‐mediated conversion of an arginine residue of vimentin to a citrulline residue, has emerged as a pathophysiological outcome of autoimmune diseases and neurodegeneration. However, the roles, functions, and expression of citrullinated vimentin have not yet been elucidated because available antibodies are limited.MethodsWe developed mouse monoclonal IgG1 and IgM specific for vimentin citrullinated at position R440 or R450 and applied Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescent staining to investigate the pathogenesis of prion diseases in animal models, in patients with prion diseases, and in vitro.ResultsVimentin was found to be highly citrullinated at R440 and R450, and these citrullinated forms were mainly expressed in reactive astrocytes in the brain tissues of scrapie‐infected mice. Full‐length and cleaved forms of citrullinated vimentin were found in the cerebral cortices of sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (sCJD) patients. The distribution of citrullinated vimentin was mainly confirmed in vimentin‐, GFAP‐, and YKL‐40‐positive reactive astrocytes. Biochemically, citrullination promoted resistance to the caspase‐3‐ and caspase‐9‐mediated fragmentation of vimentin. Additionally, citrullination led to increased cytoplasmic and integral membrane/organelle vimentin enrichment, which indicated changes in the intrinsic solubility and distribution of vimentin.ConclusionsOur observations suggest that citrullinated vimentin acts as a specific indicator for the reactive state of astrocytes under abnormal neurological conditions. In addition, these novel antibodies will be helpful for studying the role of citrullinated vimentin in the pathogenesis of human disorders.
Healthcare professionals knowledge on cancer‐related fatigue: A cross‐sectional survey in Oman
Authors: AL Maqbali Mohammed , Gracey Jackie , Dunwoody Lynn , Rankin Jane , Hacker Eileen , Hughes Ciara 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCancer‐related fatigue is a common and distressing cancer symptom that negatively affects quality of life. The main objective of this study was to determine health professionals' knowledge relating to cancer patients' fatigue in Oman and identify current management practices of cancer‐related fatigue. A cross‐sectional survey design using Qualtrics® software was performed. The survey had five sections and comprised 32 items. A total of 138 healthcare professionals working in Oman participated in the study (response rate 63.9%). Nearly three quarters of the participants were nurses (74.6%, n = 103). The mean level of knowledge of cancer‐related fatigue was 16.6/23, with 50% of participants having the expected level of knowledge above 12. The result indicated that professional discipline and work experience each were significantly associated with overall level of knowledge. Participants identified the need for guidelines, assessment tools, and training for the oncology staff to help improve the quality of life of patients with cancer‐related fatigue.
miR319a/TCP module and DELLA protein regulate trichome initiation synergistically and improve insect defenses in Populus tomentosa
Authors: Fan Di , Ran Lingyu , Hu Jian , Ye Xiao , Xu Dan , Li Jianqiu , Su Huili , Wang Xianqiang , Ren Sha , Luo Keming 
Published: April 2020

Summary

Trichomes are specialized epidermal cells that contribute to plant resistance against herbivores. Their formation is controlled precisely by multiple genetic and environmental signals. Previous studies have shown that microRNA319 (miR319) and gibberellin (GA) signaling are involved in trichome development in Arabidopsis, but little is known about their interaction between these factors.

Here we reported that the miR319a/TEOSINTE BRANCHED/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) module participates in trichome initiation synergistically with GA signaling in Populus tomentosa. We demonstrated that overexpression of miR319a decreased transcription levels of its targeted TCPs and significantly elevated leaf trichome density in transgenic poplar, resulting in decreasing insect herbivory. Conversely, repressing miR319a by short tandem target mimics (STTM) elevated TCP expression levels and decreased trichome density in transgenic plants.

The trichome phenotype of 35S:miR319a plants could be abolished by introducing a miR319a‐resistant form of TCP19. Furthermore, the miR319a‐targeted TCP19 interacted directly with REPRESSOR OF ga1‐3 (RGA), a downstream repressor of GA signaling. TCP19 and RGA synergistically inhibited the GLABROUS1 (GL1)‐induced expression of trichome marker gene GLABRA2 (GL2), thereby repressing leaf trichome initiation.

Our results provide an insight into the molecular mechanism by which miR319/TCP19 module and GA signaling coordinated regulating trichome initiation in P. tomentosa.
Inferior and Intra‐/Peri‐Articular Superior Sacroiliac Joint Injection Approaches Under Ultrasound Guidance to Treat Metastasis‐Related Posterior Pelvic Bone Pain
Authors: Oh Daniel Chun‐suk , First Lucas , Rakesh Neal , Oh Hanna , Gulati Amitabh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundNumerous mechanical and pathologic variables contribute to sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain. The oncologic population has additional considerations, including tumor burden causing fracture, nerve compression, joint instability, and periosteal inflammation. Post‐treatment changes may also restrict joint mobility, causing transitional pain. Currently, fluoroscopically guided SIJ injections, aimed at the inferior one third of the SIJ, are the gold standard for treatment but have only been described in the nononcologic population. Ultrasound (US) guidance may confer several benefits, including positioning, ease of procedure, lower costs, and, importantly, guidance to avoid neovascularization, metastatic disease, and other soft tissue structures.ObjectivesWe aim to describe the advantages of US‐guided SIJ injections for refractory malignant SIJ pain from extra‐articular tumors. We then describe our technique and decision framework for accessing the superior or inferior SIJ in patients with metastatic sacroiliac pain.MethodsA retrospective review was performed on 5 patients with refractory malignant SIJ pain who underwent US‐guided superior or inferior approach SIJ injection. Using imaging and outcomes, we developed a decision framework.ResultsPatients received either inferior or superior approach SIJ injections depending on location of tumor, extent of tumor invasion, and stability of the SIJ as per our framework. All patients reported improvement in pain and function without complications.ConclusionsWe propose a decision framework for inferior vs. superior approach US‐guided SIJ injections in the oncologic population with SIJ pain from metastases to the pelvis or sacrum. Having multiple techniques to approach the SIJ is important in the oncologic population, in whom metastatic tumor burden poses a technical challenge to performing these injections.
Pathogenicity and fungicide sensitivity of Pythium and Phytopythium spp. associated with soybean in the Huang‐Huai region of China
Authors: Feng Hui , Chen Jiajia , Yu Ze , Li Ke , Li Zhe , Li Yaxin , Sun Zhe , Wang Yuanchao , Ye Wenwu , Zheng Xiaobo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPythium and Phytopythium spp. cause seed decay, damping off, and root rot in soybean, wheat, and many other crops. However, their diversity and importance as pathogens, particularly in different crop rotation systems, are largely unknown. A survey was conducted in the Huang‐Huai region, one of the main areas of soybean–wheat rotation farming in China. In 2016–2018, we collected 300 soybean seedlings and 150 field soil samples from several representative locations, and identified 26 Pythium and 6 Phytopythium spp. from 212 isolates, based on internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 sequences. The pathogenicity of these isolates was evaluated by growing soybean and wheat seeds in dishes and pots containing oomycete cultures. We found that 12 Pythium spp. (but no Phytopythium spp.) showed high pathogenicity on soybean and/or wheat, and nine of them (75%) were highly pathogenic on both crops. Among the nine species, Pythium spinosum, Pythium ultimum, Pythium species 1 (tentatively designated as ‘Candidatus Pythium huanghuaiense’), Pythium aphanidermatum, and Pythium myriotylum were highly abundant among all isolates (15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, and 5%, respectively). Nine species were selected for testing of sensitivity to the fungicides metalaxyl and mefenoxam. The EC50 values were all less than 10 μg/ml, indicating little resistance. Minimum inhibitory concentration values indicated isolates were about twice as sensitive to mefenoxam as to metalaxyl. These results provide a systematic understanding of Pythium and Phytopythium species associated with soybean in the Huang‐Huai region, which is important for disease management and breeding programmes.
Experiences of participating in individual placement and support: a meta‐ethnographic review and synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Moen Ellen Å. , Walseth Liv T. , Larsen Inger Beate 
Published: April 2020

AimTo provide increased understanding about how work applicants, employment specialists, social workers in the welfare service and clinicians in mental healthcare service experience participating in individual placement and support (IPS).MethodsWe searched in several databases and identified 17 studies published from 2007 to 2017 in Sweden, USA, Canada, UK, Australia and Denmark, and applied meta‐ethnographic reinterpretation and synthesis.ResultsThe employment specialists followed the core ideas of IPS, where work is seen as a way to recover. They saw the work applicants’ preferences and needs as important for health and well‐being, and crucial for successful work rehabilitation. In order to reach these goals, they offered a personal relationship to the work applicants. Work applicants clearly appreciated this personalised recovery‐oriented mindset. Furthermore, work applicants needed the employment specialists as culture brokers between health‐related questions and the expectations met in the labour market. Social workers lacked resources to such personalised support, and they were under demand of welfare regulations made for a ‘train then place’ model, which conflicts with the view that work leads to recovery as IPS sees it in their ‘place then train’ model. The scarce knowledge of the clinicians’ experiences in the present study suggests that they are sceptical to work as a way to recover, which is in conflict with IPS.ConclusionsThe work applicants highlighted the significance of the individualised support they received. Social workers and some clinicians found it difficult to provide this important personalised support towards work. Conflicting mindsets between the traditional gradual work rehabilitation paradigm and the IPS approach as a way of recovering might explain these frustrations and distance.Recommendations for practice.An improvement of IPS may depend on more cooperation based on an acceptance of the recovery‐oriented mindset, which for some will mean an acceptance of new knowledge.
Global REACH 2018: Andean highlanders, chronic mountain sickness and the integrative regulation of resting blood pressure
Authors: Simpson Lydia L. , Meah Victoria L. , Steele Andrew R. , Gasho Christopher , Howe Connor A. , Dawkins Tony G. , Busch Stephen A. , Oliver Samuel J. , Moralez Gilberto , Lawley Justin S. , Tymko Michael M. , Vizcardo‐Galindo Gustavo A. , Figueroa‐Mujíca Rómulo J. , Villafuerte Francisco C. , Ainslie Phillip N. , Stembridge Mike , Steinback Craig D. , Moore Jonathan P. 
Published: April 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does chronic mountain sickness (CMS) alter sympathetic neural control and arterial baroreflex regulation of blood pressure in Andean (Quechua) highlanders?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Compared to healthy Andean highlanders, basal sympathetic vasomotor outflow is lower, baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity is similar, supine heart rate is lower and cardiovagal baroreflex gain is greater in mild CMS. Taken together, these findings reflect flexibility in integrative regulation of blood pressure that may be important when blood viscosity and blood volume are elevated in CMS.
AbstractThe high‐altitude maladaptation syndrome chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is characterized by excessive erythrocytosis and frequently accompanied by accentuated arterial hypoxaemia. Whether altered autonomic cardiovascular regulation is apparent in CMS is unclear. Therefore, during the 2018 Global REACH expedition to Cerro de Pasco, Peru (4383 m), we assessed integrative control of blood pressure (BP) and determined basal sympathetic vasomotor outflow and arterial baroreflex function in eight Andean natives with CMS ([Hb] 22.6 ± 0.9 g·dL−1) and seven healthy highlanders ([Hb] 19.3 ± 0.8 g·dL−1). R–R interval (RRI, electrocardiogram), beat‐by‐beat BP (photoplethysmography) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; microneurography) were recorded at rest and during pharmacologically induced changes in BP (modified Oxford test). Although [Hb] and blood viscosity (7.8 ± 0.7 vs. 6.6 ± 0.7 cP; d = 1.7, P = 0.01) were elevated in CMS compared to healthy highlanders, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance and mean BP were similar between groups. The vascular sympathetic baroreflex MSNA set‐point (i.e. MSNA burst incidence) and reflex gain (i.e. responsiveness) were also similar between groups (MSNA set‐point, d = 0.75, P = 0.16; gain, d = 0.2, P = 0.69). In contrast, in CMS the cardiovagal baroreflex operated around a longer RRI (960 ± 159 vs. 817 ± 50 ms; d = 1.4, P = 0.04) with a greater reflex gain (17.2 ± 6.8 vs. 8.8 ± 2.6 ms·mmHg−1; d = 1.8, P = 0.01) versus healthy highlanders. Basal sympathetic vasomotor activity was also lower compared to healthy highlanders (33 ± 11 vs. 45 ± 13 bursts·min−1; d = 1.0, P = 0.08). In conclusion, our findings indicate adaptive differences in basal sympathetic vasomotor activity and heart rate compensate for the haemodynamic consequences of excessive erythrocyte volume and contribute to integrative blood pressure regulation in Andean highlanders with mild CMS.
Cohort study evaluating management of burns in the community in clinical practice in the UK: costs and outcomes
Authors: Guest Julian F , Fuller Graham W , Edwards Jacky 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate health outcomes, resource use and corresponding costs attributable to managing burns in clinical practice, from initial presentation, among a cohort of adults in the UK.DesignRetrospective cohort analysis of the records of a randomly selected cohort of 260 patients from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database who had 294 evaluable burns.SettingPrimary and secondary care sectors in the UK.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPatients’ characteristics, wound-related health outcomes, healthcare resource use and total National Health Service (NHS) cost of patient management.ResultsDiagnosis was incomplete in 63% of patients’ records as the location, depth and size of the burns were missing. Overall, 70% of all the burns healed within 24 months and the time to healing was a mean of 7.8 months per burn. Sixty-six per cent of burns were initially managed in the community and the other 34% were managed at accident and emergency departments. Patients’ wounds were subsequently managed predominantly by practice nurses and hospital outpatient clinics. Forty-five per cent of burns had no documented dressings in the patients’ records. The mean NHS cost of wound care in clinical practice over 24 months from initial presentation was an estimated £16 924 per burn, ranging from £12 002 to £40 577 for a healed and unhealed wound, respectively.ConclusionsDue to incomplete documentation in the patients’ records, it is difficult to say whether the time to healing was excessive or what other confounding factors may have contributed to the delayed healing. This study indicates the need for education of general practice clinicians on the management and care of burn wounds. Furthermore, it is beholden on the burns community to determine how the poor healing rates can be improved. Strategies are required to improve documentation in patients’ records, integration of care between different providers, wound healing rates and reducing infection.