bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unique Spectral Broadening Induced by Exchange Coupling Between Cr3+ Ions in LiAl5O8:Cr3+ Phosphors for Versatile Optical Applications
Authors: Yan Yuqing , Huang Feifeng , Zhu Guanyu , Zhang Yi , Gao Zhexuan , Wang Huanping , Deng Degang , Yu Hua , Xu Shiqing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBroadband near‐infrared (NIR) phosphors activated by Cr3+ ions are critical for developing NIR phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs). The temperature‐dependent behaviors of the narrowband 2E → 4A2 and broadband 4T2 → 4A2 transitions of Cr3+ ions differ, which makes Cr3+‐activated phosphors highly promising for ratio optical thermometers. How to obtain Cr3+‐activated phosphors with both high luminescence efficiency and thermal stability is a challenge. Herein, a strategy of adjusting the doping levels is adopted to precisely control the exchange coupling between Cr3+ ions in LiAl5O8: Cr3+ phosphors. As Cr3+ ions doping concentration increases, the NIR emission shifts from narrowband to broadband. Under heavy doping concentrations, the sample exhibits an unusual broadband emission in a strong crystal field, covering 645 to 1300 nm, with a peak emission wavelength of 950 nm and a FWHM of 295 nm. Simultaneously, a high internal quantum efficiency (IQE = 85%) and excellent thermal stability (I423K/I293K = 86%) are achieved, highlighting the broad application potential of the developed NIR pc‐LEDs. Interestingly, under low‐concentration doping, the sample exhibits dual emission characteristics, and the temperature dependence of its two emission peaks shows opposite trends. Utilizing fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technology, the sample achieves a relative sensitivity of 0.30% K⁻¹, highlighting its promising potential for temperature sensing applications.
Hierarchical Glass Fiber Superstructures with Supramolecular Nanofibers for the Nucleation of Isotactic Polypropylene
Authors: Schröder Dennis , Thanner Jannik , Kreger Klaus , Schmidt Hans‐Werner 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSupramolecular additives are an established class of nucleating agents to modify and control the solid‐state morphology of semi‐crystalline polymers, in particular isotactic polypropylene (iPP). A widely used reinforcement material for iPP is glass fibers (GFs), which significantly improve the mechanical properties. Here, these two types of materials are combined by creating defined hierarchical superstructures composed of glass microfiber nonwovens and supramolecular nanofibers based on selected 1,3,5‐benzetrisamides (BTA). The supramolecular nanofibers are prepared by physical vapor deposition (PVD), a straightforward solvent‐free process. By systematically varying PVD process parameters, it is shown that supramolecular BTA nanofibers can be reproducibly prepared on flat substrates. The morphology of the supramolecular nanofibers can be controlled by substrate temperature, evaporation time, and evaporation rate. The use of GF nonwovens enables the fabrication of hierarchical superstructures with a bottlebrush morphology comprising supramolecular nanofibers of defined length. These hierarchical superstructures are capable of nucleating iPP and thus promote transcrystallization of the iPP from the decorated GFs surface, which ultimately improves the adhesion between the GFs and the iPP. Laminating decorated GF nonwovens between two iPP films clearly increases the mechanical properties of the composites in contrast to composites without nucleating agents.
The R∞$R_\infty$‐property and commensurability for nilpotent groups
Authors: Lathouwers Maarten , Witdouck Thomas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFor finitely generated torsion‐free nilpotent groups, the associated Mal'cev Lie algebra of the group is used frequently when studying the ‐property. Two such groups have isomorphic Mal'cev Lie algebras if and only if they are abstractly commensurable. We show that the ‐property is not invariant under abstract commensurability within the class of finitely generated torsion‐free nilpotent groups by providing counterexamples within a class of 2‐step nilpotent groups associated to edge‐weighted graphs. These groups are abstractly commensurable to 2‐step nilpotent quotients of right‐angled Artin groups.
The Bound‐State Soliton Solution of the Generalized Inhomogeneous Hirota Equation
Authors: Wang Yilin , Li Biao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe develop the Riemann‐Hilbert (RH) method for the generalized inhomogeneous Hirota equation with zero boundary condition. The RH problem is related to two kinds of scattering data: simple poles and one ‐order pole. Here, we consider that when the scattering data have one or more higher order poles, the formulas of bound‐state (BS) solitons and multiple BS solitons are obtained, and the interaction between solitons and BS solitons are shown.
New Results for Periodic Discrete Nonlinear SchröDinger Equations
Authors: Xu Xiaoliang , Chen Huiwen , Ouyang Zigen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTConsider the nonlinear difference equations of the form , where is a Jacobi operator given by for and are real valued ‐periodic sequences, and . Applying critical point theory and a new analytical method, we obtain that the above problem has ground state solutions and infinitely many geometrically distinct solutions under the local superlinear condition uniformly in for some set instead of the global superlinear condition uniformly in .
Identities and Approximation Formulas for Faulhaber'S Formula Revealing in Applications of Moment Generating Function, Distribution, and Arithmetic Functions
Authors: Simsek Buket , Simsek Yilmaz , Sukruoglu Elif 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to derive many novel formulas involving the sum of powers of consecutive integers, the Bernoulli polynomials, the Stirling numbers and moments arise from conditional probability, moment generating functions and arithmetic functions by using the methods and techniques, which are used in discrete distributions in statistics such as uniform distribution, moment generating functions, and other probability distributions. Moreover, relations among the generalized Euler totient function, finite distributions containing special numbers and polynomials, discrete probability formula, and other special functions are given. By using the Riemann zeta function and the Liouville function, we derive a novel moment formula for probability distribution on the set positive integers. Finally, by using approximation formulas for certain family of finite sums, we derive formulas not only for the sum of powers of consecutive integers involving the Bernoulli polynomials, but also for the conditional probability involving the Laplace rule of succession.
Global and Regional Prevalence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Meta‐Analysis Based on a Systematic Review
Authors: Gebrye T. , Jeans E. , Yeowell G. , Mbada C. , Fatoye F. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a considerable concern, impacting individual health and socio‐economic factors. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of CTS prevalence would offer valuable insights for healthcare planning, improving outcomes and reducing the burden on affected individuals.MethodsIn line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a meta‐analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of CTS. Medline, CINAHL, AMED, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies published from 1 January 2012 to 10 October 2024. The pooled prevalence rates were determined using a random effects model.ResultsThe search yielded 548 initial findings, 103 duplicate records were eliminated, and only 31 of these papers were deemed relevant for inclusion in this review. The prevalence estimates were sourced from 15 different countries, including the United States (n = 8), Saudi Arabia (n = 5), Ethiopia (n = 3), Turkey (n = 2), Iran (n = 2) and Brazil (n = 2), among others. Each of the following countries contributed one study: China, France, Germany, India, Kuwait, the United Kingdom, Korea, the Netherlands, and Sweden. In total, the included studies analysed 5,311,785 individuals, revealing a prevalence of CTS ranging from 0.003 to 0.743. The random‐effects meta‐analysis yielded an overall prevalence estimate of 0.144, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.067–0.282, based on 30 studies.ConclusionThe prevalence estimates for CTS are notably high, highlighting the need for effective surgical management strategies. Developing and implementing these interventions is crucial to enhancing health outcomes for individuals affected by CTS.
Prevalence and Determinants of Antenatal Depression Risk Among Urban Women Seeking Antenatal Clinical Care at a District Hospital in Ghana
Authors: Adarkwa Opei Kwafo , Opoku Douglas Aninng , Larsen‐Reindorf Roderick E. , Owusu‐Dabo Ellis , Boamah Benedicta , Adarkwa Magdalene , Obirikorang Christian , Nartey Yvonne A. , Adjei Timothy Kwabena , Mohammed Aliyu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo determine the prevalence and factors associated with antenatal depression risk among pregnant women attending antenatal care at a district hospital in Kumasi, Ghana.Study DesignThis was a hospital‐based cross‐sectional study.MethodsA questionnaire was used to collect data from 207 pregnant women attending antenatal care at Manhyia District Hospital from September 2020 to November 2020. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to screen for depression risk. Factors associated with antenatal depression risk were evaluated using logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of antenatal depression risk was 13.5% (n = 28). The most commonly reported intimate partner violence that contributed to depression risk was physical abuse (16.9%, n = 35). Factors such as physical abuse (AOR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.13–10.02), domestic abuse (AOR = 3.88, 95% CI: 1.01–15.00) and self‐harm ideation (AOR = 8.50, 95% CI: 2.44–29.63) were associated with increased odds of antenatal depression risk among the study participants.ConclusionThis study revealed a low prevalence of antenatal depression risk. Extra attention should be given to factors such as intimate partner violence (domestic and physical abuse) and self‐harm ideation. Also, screening all pregnant women, especially those with risk factors, for the risk of antenatal depression and early diagnosis and treatment of the risk of depression are important for the health of the mother, fetus and newborn.
Association of atrial fibrillation with lamotrigine: An observational cohort study
Authors: Kim Sodam , Welch Landon , Santos Bertha De Los , Radwański Przemysław B. , Munger Mark A. , Kim Kibum 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundDrug‐induced atrial fibrillation (AF) is recognized as an important causal association. Lamotrigine (LTG) is a widely prescribed neurological agent with Class IB antiarrhythmic properties at therapeutically relevant concentrations. The United States Food and Drug Administration has issued a warning for a higher risk of LTG proarrhythmic events in patients with structural heart disease (SHD) and/or myocardial ischemia. This study evaluated the incidence of AF with LTG use.MethodsA retrospective observational study was performed using a large healthcare claims database of adult participants analyzing 2 years AF incidence. The analytic cohort included adult participants with bipolar I disorder (BPD), partial seizures (PSZ), or generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTSZ). Exposure to LTG was compared with commonly prescribed alternative agents as the control comparators (CTR). Participants were free from supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias during the 6 months baseline period prior to the index LTG or CTR date. Kaplan–Meier estimator calculated 2 years cumulative AF incidence, with participants censored at last enrollment, treatment switching, or discontinuation. The AF association hazard ratios (HR) for LTG versus CTR were adjusted for baseline characteristics.ResultsThe analytic cohort with BPD, PSZ, and GTSZ consisted, respectively, of 150,470 LTG versus 204,704 CTR, 9565 LTG versus 21,595 CTR, and 5505 LTG versus 15,513 CTR patients. In a predominantly middle‐aged female population at baseline, the prevalence of cardiovascular conditions was low. The 12 months cumulative incidence of AF for LTG versus CTR was 0.764% versus 0.642% among BPD, 0.833% versus 0.646% among PSZ, and 0.585% versus 0.338% among GTSZ, respectively. The adjusted 365‐day HR [95% confidence interval CI] of AF for LTG versus CTR in the BPD, PSZ, and CTSZ groups was 1.257 [1.088–1.453], 1.651 [1.104–2.468], and 1.451 [0.770–2.734], respectively.ConclusionsIn adult AF‐naïve participants, LTG has a strong association with increased AF risk compared with commonly prescribed alternatives.
Proline variants in the BRCA1 coiled‐coil domain disrupt folding and binding to PALB2
Authors: Baker Chrissy N. S. , Pajela Precious Grace C. , Martin Davis E. , Dzyuba Sergei V. , Stewart Mikaela D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInherited mutations in the genes coding for the tumor suppressor proteins BRCA1 and PALB2 can lead to increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Upon DNA damage, these two proteins form a complex to promote double‐stranded break repair via homologous recombination. Missense mutations in either BRCA1 or PALB2 that disrupt this important interaction result in loss of effective DNA damage repair and are associated with breast tumorigenesis. However, the overwhelming majority of missense mutations found in the binding domains of these two genes remain classified as variants of unknown significance. Here we report an in vitro assay for assessing the effect of variants of unknown significance on the heterodimerization of PALB2 and BRCA1 that recapitulates the effect of the known deleterious mutations. We apply the assay to several variants of unknown significance in BRCA1 which reveals other mutations in this region that also disrupt binding, including a mutation of a residue not predicted to directly interact with PALB2. Structural analysis indicates that all BRCA1 mutations to proline tested disrupt α‐helix formation and therefore are not well tolerated even when located at positions outside of the PALB2‐binding interface. This assay and the structural hypothesis described will be helpful for assessing risk for variants identified in the future in the BRCA1/PALB2 interaction domains.
Ralstonia solanacearum infection induces tobacco root to secrete chemoattractants to recruit antagonistic bacteria and defensive compounds to inhibit pathogen
Authors: Feng Yali , Kang Yue , Wang Zhibo , Du Chenyang , Tan Jun , Zhao Xiuyun , Qi Gaofu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant root exudates play crucial roles in maintaining the structure and function of the whole belowground ecosystem and regulating the interactions between roots and soil microorganisms. Ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt disease in many plants, while root exudate‐mediated inhibition of pathogen infection is poorly understood. Here, we characterize the chemical divergence between root exudates of healthy and diseased tobacco plants and the effects of that variability on the rhizosphere microbial community and the occurrence of bacterial wilt.RESULTSCompared with the healthy plants, root exudates in diseased plants showed distinct exudation patterns and metabolite profiles including increased amounts of flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids and defense‐related hormones, as well as distinct bacterial community composition, as illustrated by an increased abundance of Ralstonia and decreased abundances of Bacillus and Streptomyces in diseased plants rhizosphere. Pathogen infection stimulated roots to secrete more defensive compounds to inhibit pathogen growth. Change of root exudates modulated rhizosphere microbial community. Specific root exudates could benefit plants by attracting antagonistic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and inhibiting pathogens. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens could utilize specific root exudates as carbon sources. Benzyl cinnamatel promoted the biofilm formation and colonization of B. amyloliquefaciens on roots.CONCLUSIONTo defend against pathogen invasion, tobacco plants recruited antagonistic and plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria to the rhizosphere by modifying root exudate profiles. Specific signal molecules are recommended to recruit beneficial microorganisms for controlling bacterial wilt. The results provide insights concerning the metabolic divergence of root exudates integral to understanding root‐microorganism interaction. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Design, synthesis, molecular docking and antimicrobial evaluation of benzoylurea derivatives containing difluoromethyl (trifluoromethyl) pyrimidine
Authors: Wu Wenneng , An Jiansong , Lan Wenjun , Chen Haijiang , Fei Qiang , Xu Su , Yin Rongxiu , Yang Lin‐Lin , Yang Song 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe reduction in agricultural product quality and yield caused by fungal and bacterial plant diseases has led to considerable economic losses in global crop production and poses a threat to human health. The primary method of control remains the use of chemical agents. In an effort to develop novel and highly effective antimicrobial agents, a series of benzoylurea derivatives incorporating a difluoromethyl (trifluoromethyl) pyrimidine structure were designed and synthesized.RESULTSIn this study, we designed and synthesized a series of novel benzoylurea derivatives containing difluoromethyl (trifluoromethyl) pyrimidine fragments. Several of the synthesized compounds exhibited notable antifungal activity in vitro against PS, CBC, BBC and TBC. Their efficacy surpassed that of the positive controls HM and Pyr. Notably, 6s demonstrated an EC50 value of 4.10 μg mL−1, significantly lower than the 31.25 μg mL−1 for Pyr. In antibacterial assays, 6s also showed an 87.49% inhibition rate against Xoc. Moreover, in vivo tests against CBC revealed a protective efficacy of 59.39% at a concentration of 25 μg mL−1. Molecular docking simulations further supported its strong activity. To explore the mechanism of action of 6s on CBC, we conducted scanning electron microscopy, succinate dehydrogenase enzyme assays, and measurements of dry weight, membrane permeability, cellular contents, and ROS.CONCLUSIONThis study underscores the potential of benzoylurea derivatives containing difluoromethyl (trifluoromethyl) pyrimidine fragments as lead compounds for the management of CBC. The results offer important insights and pave the way for the development of novel fungicides, contributing to improved crop protection strategies in agriculture. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Mechanism and strategy of self‐assembly of quaternary ammonium surfactant molecules to regulate pesticide droplet impact and wetting of hydrophobic surfaces
Authors: He Lifei , Liu Xiaolong , Kong Xianhao , Zhang Pengjiu , Liu Zhongfang , Yang Jing , Fan Renjun , Gao Yue 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDSurfactants regulate the interaction between pesticide droplets and the surfaces of plants on which they are sprayed. The influence of the key structural functional groups of surfactants on the interaction between pesticide droplets and hydrophobic pear leaves has not been explored. The behavior of Imidacloprid (Imid) droplets regulated by cationic quaternary ammonium surfactants with different structures on hydrophobic pear leaves and their bouncing dynamics were studied.RESULTSThe properties of pesticide droplets regulated by rosin‐based bicationic quaternary ammonium salt and ethylene (dodecyl polyoxyethylene/tetradecyl polyoxyethylene) chloride/ammonium bromide were well matched with those of pear leaves with a waxy layer. This structure was closely related to the double‐chain structure corresponding to that of double N‐head groups in quaternary ammonium surfactants. Quaternary ammonium surfactants regulate the wetting of droplets by forming semi‐micellar structures near the three‐phase contact line, which drives the droplets to wet and spread on the leaf. The quaternary ammonium surfactant containing the double N‐head structure enabled strong wetting and adhesion of pesticide droplets on the hydrophobic surface. The key structural functional groups of different quaternary ammonium surfactants directionally modified the impact kinetics of Imid droplets on the leaf surfaces and their changing trend.CONCLUSIONThe double N‐head structure played a key role in the molecular structure of quaternary ammonium surfactants, and the hyperbranched ethylene oxide (EO) chain played a small role in the molecular structure. These results clearly indicate how the structure of key functional groups of quaternary ammonium surfactants regulated the interface adhesion of pesticide droplets on the leaf surfaces and explain the microscopic mechanism of their interaction. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Modeling telomere shortening process
Authors: Han Panpan , Zhou Yang , Deng Weihua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCell senescence has attracted much attention in the long history of human beings, and telomere shortening (TS) is one of the main concerns in the study of cell senescence. To reveal the microscopic mechanism of TS process, we model it based on molecular stochastic process from the perspective of nonequilibrium statistical physics. We associate the TS process with the continuous time random walk and derive the Fokker–Planck equation to describe the length distribution of the TS. We further modify the model describing the TS process, similar to the anomalous tempered diffusion, and derive the Feynman–Kac equation characterizing the functional distribution of the TS process. Finally, we study the statistics related to the critical telomere length lc, including the occupation time and first passage time. These two kinds of statistics help us understand the time scale of cell senescence.
Quantum Depletion of Superconductivity in 3D Diamond Nanowires
Authors: Zhang Gufei , Collienne Simon , Zulkharnay Ramiz , Ke Xiaoxing , Liu Liwang , Li Songyu , Zhang Sen , Zhang Yongzhe , Li Yejun , Mortensen N. Asger , Moshchalkov Victor V. , Zhu Jiaqi , Silhanek Alejandro V. , May Paul W. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSuperconducting nanowires underpin the development of a variety of highly advanced quantum devices such as single‐photon detectors and quantum circuits. In 1D superconducting nanowires, topological fluctuations of the superconducting order parameter, known as phase slips, severely influence the electrical transport. In 3D systems, however, phase‐slip events are generally considered to be insignificant. Here, details on the observation of a reentrant resistive state in 3D superconducting diamond nanowires (DNWs) are reported. This exotic resistive state alters the trend of the superconducting transition with an abrupt change of the temperature and magnetic‐field coefficients of resistivity and the current coefficient of voltage. This reentrant resistive state is interpreted as being a result of quantum phase slips in the bamboo‐like DNWs consisting of multiple sequential grain‐boundary‐grain junctions. The results provide the first evidence that quantum phase slips can also play a crucial role in determining the electrical transport properties of 3D superconducting nanowires.