bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Root‐finding absorbing boundary condition for anisotropic scalar waves in infinite media
Authors: Lee Jin Ho 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA root‐finding absorbing boundary condition (RFABC) for scalar‐wave propagation problems in infinite anisotropic media was developed. Although the phase velocity and the group velocity in isotropic media have the same sign, the sign of the latter can differ from that of the former in anisotropic media. Therefore, a RFABC for anisotropic scalar waves consistent with the group velocity of the considered media is developed, as the velocity is closely related to the direction of energy propagation. The developed boundary condition is shown to satisfy a criterion for an “enough accurate” boundary condition. The well‐posedness of the boundary condition is proven at the continuous level. Its finite‐element formulation, which ensures well‐posedness at a discrete level, is derived, after which it is demonstrated that accurate and stable solutions to the problem of antiplane shear‐wave propagation in an anisotropic elastic waveguide, an example of anisotropic scalar‐wave propagation, can be obtained using the proposed numerical approach.
ACanis lupusinspired upgraded Harris hawks optimizer for nonlinear, constrained, continuous, and discrete engineering design problem
Authors: Nandi Ayani , Kamboj Vikram Kumar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecently established Harris hawks optimization (HHO) has natural behavior for finding an optimum solution in global search space without getting trapped in previous convergence. However, the exploitation phase of the current Harris hawks optimizer algorithm is poor. In the present research, an improved version of the HHO algorithm, which combines Harris hawks optimizer withCanis lupusinspire grey wolf optimizer (GWO) and named as hHHO‐GWO algorithm, has been proposed to find the solution of various optimization problems such as nonlinear, nonconvex, and highly constrained engineering design problem. In the proposed research, the phase of exploration and exploitation of the existing HHO algorithm has been further improved using GWO algorithm and its performance has been tested for various benchmarks problems including CEC2005 (unimodal, multimodal, and fixed dimensions functions), multimodal functions with variable dimensions, and CEC‐BC‐2017 test functions. Further, the developed hybrid optimizer has been tested for 11 different engineering design and optimization problems and experimental results of hHHO‐GWO have been compared with other optimizer.
Emergence of gram‐negative organisms as the cause of infections in patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Khalife Sara , Hanna‐Wakim Rima , Ahmad Rasha , Haidar Rachid , Makhoul Peter G. , Khoury Nabil , Dbaibo Ghassan , Abboud Miguel R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with sickle cell disease are at higher risk of infections with encapsulated bacteria due to immature immune responses and functional asplenia. We aimed to study our patient population for the emergence of gram‐negative organisms other than Salmonella as the cause of osteomyelitis and document a vast decrease in Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia rates.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of 158 patients with sickle cell disease registered at our hospital. Over a period of 13 years, every patient presenting to the emergency department (ED) with fever had their medical record reviewed for blood cultures, wound cultures, and magnetic resonance imaging results for osteomyelitis.ResultsThe number of patients presenting to the ED with fever was 105, with 581 febrile episodes and 893 blood cultures. Among those, no culture grew Streptococcus pneumoniae, 14 grew coagulase‐negative staphylococci (1.5%), one grew Salmonella enterica Paratyphi B, and three grew Salmonella enterica group C (in the same patient). The total number of osteomyelitis episodes in patients with sickle cell disease presenting with fever and documented by imaging was nine (1.5%). In patients with osteomyelitis, organisms were isolated in four patients (44%), including Enterobacter cloacae, Bacteroides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enterica group C.ConclusionsImmunization against Streptococcus pneumoniae and the use of prophylactic penicillin has virtually eliminated pneumococcal bacteremia among our patients. We observed the emergence of gram‐negative organisms other than Salmonella as the cause of osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease.
Personalized prenatal genomic testing: Couples' experience with choice regarding uncertain and adult‐onset findings from chromosomal‐microarray‐analysis
Authors: Millo Talya , Douiev Liza , Popper Dov , Shkedi‐Rafid Shiri 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundChromosomal‐microarray‐analysis (CMA) can identify variants of uncertain clinical significance, susceptibility‐loci for neurodevelopmental conditions, and risk for adult‐onset conditions. We explored choices made by couples undergoing prenatal CMA, their understanding of these findings, reasons for and against receiving them, and whether they believe parents or professionals should decide which are disclosed.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with women (n = 27) or their partners (n = 15) during the week following prenatal CMA testing and analyzed using grounded theory.ResultsOver half the interviewees (55%) recalled at least two of the three types of CMA results they chose whether to receive. Sixty‐four percent found the choice simple, whereas 36% found it difficult. All participants could clearly explain their choices, which were based on the perceived actionability and psychological impact of the information. Sixty percent viewed their choice favorably, whereas ~21% would have preferred clinicians to decide for them. More women than men, and more decisive than indecisive participants supported parental choice.ConclusionOverall, expectant parents can make informed choices about which uncertain findings about their fetuses they wish to receive, and value the opportunity to tailor results to their values and wishes. Arguments presented provide the basis for a decision‐aid tool for expecting parents.
Discovery of novel benzofuran scaffold as 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors
Authors: Huang Hao , Zhang Jian‐qiu , Liu Jian‐min , Wang Man‐man , Shu Lei , Yan Yi‐le , Zhan Xiao‐hang , Wang Ping , Huan Xue‐ting , Zhang Da‐yong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUND4‐Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) plays an important role in addressing the issue of plant protection research. This study sheds new light on the differences in molecular scaffold from commercialized HPPD inhibitors.RESULTSThe compounds A1‐A18 and B1‐B27 were synthesized for in vitro and greenhouse experiments. The greenhouse experiment data indicated that compounds B14 and B18 displayed excellent herbicidal activity, which was higher compared to that of mesotrione. In vitro testing indicated that the compounds were HPPD inhibitors. Moreover, molecular simulation results show that the compounds B14, B18, and mesotrione shared similar interplay with surrounding residues, which led to a perfect interaction with the active site of Arabidopsis thaliana HPPD. Based on crop selectivity results, compounds B14 and B18 were selected for maize studies (injury≤10%), indicating its potential for weed control in maize fields.CONCLUSIONThese results showed that the pyrazole‐benzofuran structure could be used as possible lead compounds for the development of HPPD inhibitors. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Sustainable control of the rice pest, Nilaparvata lugens, using the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria javanica
Authors: Zhao Qian , Ye Lu , Wang Zhaolei , Li Yanfang , Zhang Yang , Keyhani Nemat O , Huang Zhen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is an insect pest of rice (Oryza sativa) that is distributed worldwide and is responsible for significant crop yield losses. Of particular concern, N. lugens has developed high resistance to several commonly used insecticides. The entomopathogenic fungus, Isaria javanica, offers an alternative to insecticides for the control of rice plant pests.RESULTSWe show that I. javanica caused high mortality of N. lugens nymphs and reduced the survival and fecundity of newly emerged adults in I. javanica‐treated insects. I. javanica persisted on plants up to 17 days after its inoculation under greenhouse conditions carried out in summer and autumn. Rice metabolites supported conidial germination and mycelia growth of I. javanica. A granular formulation of I. javanica conidia controlled N. lugens populations in a field experiment. The granular formulation promoted fungal survival and growth in the field up to 28 days post inoculation, resulting in increased fungal persistence and greater pest control coverage.CONCLUSIONThese data indicate that a granular formulation of I. javanica is able to control N. lugens populations in rice fields. Therefore, this granular formulation can be an alternative to insecticides and can be used in organic fields. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Transformation of glycerate kinase (GLYK) into Metarhizium acridum increases virulence to locust
Authors: Tong Xiwen , Wang Yundan , Li Juan , Hu Shuai , Yang Pengcheng , Kang Le 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDImprovements in the virulence of the fungal pathogen Metarhizium acridum can crucially promote its efficacy to control locusts and grasshoppers. The polysaccharide components of the cell wall remarkably contribute to fungal virulence.RESULTSHere we found that M. acridum lacked the gene families of glycerate‐3‐kinase (GLYK) as the synthesis enzymes of saccharides. We then generated mutants by introducing the GLYK gene from the host‐generalist M. robertsii into the host‐specialist M. acridum. Consequently, compared with the wild‐type strain, the mutant strain (Ma::MrGLYK) increased the level of phospho‐6‐fructose in mycelia, the length and density of the mannan fibril layer on the cell wall. The mutant strains increased the mannan fibril in the cell wall and resistance to heat stress. Further transcriptome analysis showed that compared with the wild‐type strain, topical infection of Ma::MrGLYK strain induced higher expression of genes such as pattern‐recognition proteins, serine protease, and CYP450s in locusts, while reduced the expression of antimicrobial peptide and phenoloxidase activity. Moreover, topical infection and injection of Ma::MrGLYK significantly increased the mortality and shortened the lifespan of locusts compared with wild‐type M. acridum.CONCLUSIONOur study highlighted the application potential of the novel genetically modified fungal mutant of the host‐specialist M. acridum as a biocontrol agent against locust plagues. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficacy and safety of remdesivir in hospitalized Covid‐19 patients: Systematic review and meta‐analysis including network meta‐analysis
Authors: Elsawah Hozaifa Khalil , Elsokary Mohamed Ahmed , Abdallah Mahmoud Samy , ElShafie Ahmed Hanei 
Published: October 2020

SummaryRemdesivir is an antiviral agent that has shown broad‐spectrum activity, including against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Clinical trials investigating the role of remdesivir in coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) reported conflicting results. This study aimed to systematically review the best available evidence and synthesize the results. Several electronic databases were searched for candidate studies up to 12 October 2020. Studies eligible for meta‐analysis were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Primary outcomes are the recovery and mortality rates, while secondary outcomes are the safety profile of remdesivir. The main effective measures are the rate ratio (RR) and rate difference (RD). Four clinical trials and one observational study were included. Remdesivir treatment for 10 days increased the recovery rate on day 14 by 50% among severe Covid‐19 patients (RR = 1.5, 95%CI = 1.33–1.7), while on day 28 it was increased by 14% among moderate and severe Covid‐19 patients (RR = 1.14, 95%CI = 1.06–1.22). Additionally, remdesivir decreased the mortality rate on day 14 by 36% among all patients (RR = 0.64, 95%CI = 0.45–0.92) but not on day 28 (RR = 1.05, 95%CI = 0.56–1.97). Nonmechanically ventilated Covid‐19 patients showed better response to remdesivir in the recovery (RR = 0.3, 95%CI = 0.13–0.7) and mortality (RR = 2.33, 95%CI = 1.24–4.4) rates on day 14. Remdesivir reduced serious adverse effects by absolute 6% and no significant Grade 3 or 4 adverse effects were reported. At this early stage of the pandemic, there is evidence that remdesivir can be safely administered for hospitalized Covid‐19 patients. It improves the recovery rate in both moderate and severe patients but, the optimal effect is achieved for those who are severely affected but not mechanically ventilated.
Intricate interplay between Covid‐19 and cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Keri Vishakh C. , Hooda Amit , Kodan Parul , R L Brunda , Jorwal Pankaj , Wig Naveet 
Published: October 2020

SummaryCovid‐19 disease can involve any organ system leading to myriad manifestations and complications. Cardiovascular manifestations are being increasingly recognised with the improved understanding of the disease. Acute coronary syndrome, myocarditis, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy; heart failure and thromboembolic disease have all been described. The elderly and those with prior cardiac diseases are at an increased risk of mortality. Overlapping symptomatology, ability of drugs to cause QTc interval (start of Q wave to the end of T wave) prolongation on electrocardiogram and arrhythmias, potential drug interactions, the need to recognise patients requiring urgent definitive management and provide necessary bedside interventions without increasing the risk of nosocomial spread have made the management challenging. In the background of a pandemic, non‐Covid‐19 cardiac patients are affected by delayed treatment and nosocomial exposure. Triaging using telemedicine and artificial intelligence along with utilization of bedside rapid diagnostic tests to detect Covid‐19 could prove helpful in this aspect.
Design and Fluorescence Localization of Lipid‐Rich Domains in Multiphase Coacervate Droplets Based on AIE‐Active Molecules**
Authors: Jia Liyan , Ji Zhen , Ji Yan‐ming , Zhou Chengcheng , Xing Guo‐wen , Qiao Yan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLiquid‐liquid phase separation has been recognized as an approach to realize cellular compartmentalization and create subdivisions of intracellular space into functional membraneless organelles. Multiphase coacervate droplets with complex, nested inner phases as a generic phenomenon are known to be involved in significant biochemical processes and facilitate specific functions. Herein, we present a strategy to develop molecular self‐sorting complexation that leads to the formation of lipid‐rich sub‐compartments in membraneless coacervate microdroplets. We also show the specific localization and visualization of hydrophobic lipid domains within multiphase hydrophilic droplets under a fluorescence microscope by developing a rationally synthesized aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active molecule. The AIE probe with a tetraphenylethylene core and four water‐soluble glucosamine units exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity towards the lipid‐rich microdomains. We anticipate that the design of fluorescently localized self‐sorting liquid droplets will shed light on the research of mimicking multicompartalized organelles and help to understand dynamic reorganization of sub‐divided space in protocell systems.
Capturing and Marking Raccoons for Individual Recognition in Camera Studies using Tail‐fur Clipping and Dyes
Authors: Geller Gregory A. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTI developed a method of marking raccoons (Procyon lotor) for individual recognition under trail camera surveillance using restraint cones, tail‐fur clipping, and hair dyeing in an old field‐agricultural habitat matrix in southwest Wisconsin, USA, during 2012 and 2018–2019. I live‐trapped and marked 29 individual raccoons and monitored them using trail cameras during early May to mid‐August. Fur‐clipping and dye markings typically remained recognizable using camera imagery for approximately 2 months, depending on proximity to monitoring cameras, vegetation structure, and onset of the annual pelage molt; thus, these techniques have potential value in short‐term field studies where individual animal histories are desired. The described procedure can be safely and quickly performed by a single person with minimal stress to the animal and does not require the administration of sedating drugs. Although restraining cones and similar marking methods have been used for decades, refinements specific to their combined use in raccoon‐related camera studies are absent from published literature. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
GLSMs for exotic Grassmannians
Authors: Gu Wei , Sharpe Eric , Zou Hao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper we explore nonabelian gauged linear sigma models (GLSMs) for symplectic and orthogonal Grassmannians and flag manifolds, checking e.g. global symmetries, Witten indices, and Calabi-Yau conditions, following up a proposal in the math community. For symplectic Grassmannians, we check that Coulomb branch vacua of the GLSM are consistent with ordinary and equivariant quantum cohomology of the space.
Learning the latent structure of collider events
Authors: Dillon B. M. , Faroughy D. A. , Kamenik J. F. , Szewc M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe describe a technique to learn the underlying structure of collider events directly from the data, without having a particular theoretical model in mind. It allows to infer aspects of the theoretical model that may have given rise to this structure, and can be used to cluster or classify the events for analysis purposes. The unsupervised machine-learning technique is based on the probabilistic (Bayesian) generative model of Latent Dirichlet Allocation. We pair the model with an approximate inference algorithm called Variational Inference, which we then use to extract the latent probability distributions describing the learned underlying structure of collider events. We provide a detailed systematic study of the technique using two example scenarios to learn the latent structure of di-jet event samples made up of QCD background events and either$$ t\overline{t} $$tt¯or hypotheticalW′ → (ϕ→WW)Wsignal events.
Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequalities for a class of non-symmetric and non-doubling hypoelliptic semigroups
Authors: Garofalo Nicola , Tralli Giulio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn his seminal 1934 paper on Brownian motion and the theory of gases Kolmogorov introduced a second order evolution equation which displays some challenging features. In the opening of his 1967 hypoellipticity paper Hörmander discussed a general class of degenerate Ornstein–Uhlenbeck operators that includes Kolmogorov’s as a special case. In this note we combine semigroup theory with a nonlocal calculus for these hypoelliptic operators to establish new inequalities of Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev type in the situation when the drift matrix has nonnegative trace. Our work has been influenced by ideas of E. Stein and Varopoulos in the framework of symmetric semigroups. One of our objectives is to show that such ideas can be pushed to successfully handle the present degenerate non-symmetric setting.
Use of an anti-reflux catheter to improve tumor targeting for holmium-166 radioembolization—a prospective, within-patient randomized study
Authors: van Roekel Caren , van den Hoven Andor F. , Bastiaannet Remco , Bruijnen Rutger C. G. , Braat Arthur J. A. T. , de Keizer Bart , Lam Marnix G. E. H. , Smits Maarten L. J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this study was to investigate whether the use of an anti-reflux catheter improves tumor targeting for colorectal cancer patients with unresectable, chemorefractory liver metastases (mCRC) treated with holmium-166 (166Ho)-radioembolization.

Materials and methods
In this perspective, within-patient randomized study, left and right hepatic perfusion territories were randomized between infusion with a Surefire® anti-reflux catheter or a standard microcatheter. The primary outcome was the difference in tumor to non-tumor (T/N) activity distribution. Secondary outcomes included the difference in infusion efficiency, absorbed doses, predictive value of 166Ho-scout, dose-response relation, and survival.

Results
Twenty-one patients were treated in this study (the intended number of patients was 25). The median T/N activity concentration ratio with the use of the anti-reflux catheter was 3.2 (range 0.9–8.7) versus 3.6 (range 0.8–13.3) with a standard microcatheter. There was no difference in infusion efficiency (0.04% vs. 0.03% residual activity for the standard microcatheter and anti-reflux catheter, respectively) (95%CI − 0.05–0.03). No influence of the anti-reflux catheter on the dose-response rate was found. Median overall survival was 7.8 months (95%CI 6–13).

Conclusion
Using a Surefire® anti-reflux catheter did not result in a higher T/N activity concentration ratio in mCRC patients treated with 166Ho-radioembolization, nor did it result in improved secondary outcomes measures.

Trial registration
clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02208804
Card-Based Cryptographic Logical Computations Using Private Operations
Authors: Ono Hibiki , Manabe Yoshifumi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes new card-based cryptographic protocols to calculate logic functions with the minimum number of cards using private operations under the semi-honest model. Though various card-based cryptographic protocols were shown, the minimum number of cards used in the protocol has not been achieved yet for many problems. Operations executed by a player where the other players cannot see are called private operations. Private operations have been introduced in some protocols to solve a particular problem or to input private values. However, the effectiveness of introducing private operations to the calculation of general logic functions has not been considered. This paper introduces three new private operations: private random bisection cuts, private reverse cuts, and private reveals. With these three new operations, we show that all of AND, XOR, and copy protocols are achieved with the minimum number of cards by simple three-round protocols. This paper then shows a protocol to calculate any logical functions using these private operations. Next, we consider protocols with malicious players.