bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency Medicine Resident Education on Caring for Patients With Disabilities: A Call to Action
Authors: Rotoli Jason , Backster Anika , Sapp Richard W. , Austin Zachery A. , Francois Czestochowa , Gurditta Kunali , Mirus Carl , McClure Poffenberger Cori 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPeople with disabilities constitute a marginalized population who experience significant health care disparities resulting from structural, socioeconomic, and attitudinal barriers to accessing health care. It has been reported that education on the care of marginalized groups helps to improve awareness, patient–provider rapport, and patient satisfaction. Yet, emergency medicine (EM) residency education on care for people with disabilities may be lacking. The goal of this paper is to review the current state of health care for patients with disabilities, review the current state of undergraduate and graduate medical education on the care of patients with disabilities, and provide suggestions for an improved EM residency curriculum that includes education on the care for patients with disabilities.
Air–water interfacial synthesis of metal–organic framework hollow fiber membranes for water purification
Authors: Wu Wufeng , Jia Miaomiao , Su Jingyi , Li Zhanjun , Li Wanbin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, we report a novel air–water interfacial self‐crystallization (AWISC) method for scalable depositing continuous metal–organic framework (MOF) layers on modification‐free polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fibers. Through importing MOF precursors into porous hollow fiber substrates with outer diameters of 1.2 mm and evaporating aqueous solutions under mild conditions, the metal ions and linkers close to solution surface can be concentrated firstly, thus the crystallization of MOFs will preferentially occur at interface of air and liquid precursors. The formed crystals can block off the pores of substrates to form defect‐free MOF membranes. The prepared ZIF‐8 membranes exhibit superior performance in molecular separation, with high rejections of 94.1 ∼ 99.5% for small molecules (molecular weight: 320 ∼ 800 Da) and large permeance up to 50 L m−2 h−1 bar−1. Moreover, by combining AWISC and microfluidic processing, the high‐performance ZIF‐8 hollow fiber membranes with long length of 30 cm can be easily fabricated in scalability.
Novel continuous process for methacrolein production in numerous droplet reactors
Authors: Zhao Hui , Ran Ran , Wang Lei , Li Chunshan , Zhang Suojiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA continuous process for methacrolein production was constructed by filling w/o Pickering emulsions in a column reactor. Ionic liquid (IL‐[HDEA]Ac) with secondary amine was designed to catalyze propionaldehyde condensation with formaldehyde through the Mannich reaction. Emulsion droplets encapsulated with IL aqueous solution were stabilized with modified SiO2 nanoparticles and dispersed in cyclohexane, which could be observed as numerous reactors. The properties of SiO2 stabilizer, such as wettability, surface groups, and the effect on interfacial tension were investigated. The characteristics of emulsion influenced by stabilizer properties and content were systematically studied. The droplet size, IL concentration and liquid hourly space velocity were optimized. The droplets were evaluated at 0.5 hr−1 for 150 hr without IL leakage and obvious activity decreasing, indicating the excellent stability of the emulsion system. The continuous process showed a 1.25‐fold enhancement in catalysis efficiency and less equipment compared to batch process.
Hopper discharge of cohesive powders using pulsated airflow
Authors: Zhu Lizhuo , Lu Haifeng , Poletto Massimo , Liu Haifeng , Deng Zhiwen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn aerated hopper with pulsated aeration was designed to study the effect of square‐wave pulsated airflow on the discharge characteristics of cohesive and non‐cohesive powders. Experiments were carried out with pulsation frequencies between 0 (continuous) and 50 Hz. Two flow patterns were observed at different aeration rates and pulsation frequencies: intermittent and smooth. For non‐cohesive powders, pulsated aeration has a worsening effect on discharge flow. For cohesive powders, results revealed that pulsated aeration can reduce the minimum aeration necessary to allow continuous discharge. And the maximum discharge rate that can be attained applying pulsated aeration is higher than that of continuous aeration and it is significantly more uniform. The aggregates size of the powder was estimated and used to understand the stabilizing mechanism of pulsated aeration on the aggregative discharge. The model value of the minimum aeration rate and the discharge rate were obtained and compared with the experimental values.
Phase equilibrium and diffusivities of hydrofluorocarbons in a synthetic polyol ester lubricant
Authors: Morais Ana Rita C. , Simoni Luke D. , Douglas Justin T. , Scurto Aaron M. , Shiflett Mark B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDetailed knowledge about the thermophysical properties of refrigerant/lubricant systems, such as solubility and diffusivity, are required for the design, operation, and long‐term reliability of heating, ventilation, air‐conditioning, and refrigeration equipment. Herein, vapor–liquid equilibrium of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane (R‐134a), pentafluoroethane (R‐125), and difluoromethane (R‐32) in a polyol ester oil (ISO VG 32) were measured using a gravimetric microbalance at temperatures ranging from 248.15 to 348.15 K and up to 1.0 MPa of pressure. The experimental solubility data of each refrigerant/lubricant system were successfully modeled using the nonrandom two liquid activity coefficient model. A one‐dimensional diffusion equation was applied on time‐dependent absorption data to determine binary diffusion coefficients (D) for the refrigerants in the ISO VG 32 lubricant. Finally, Stokes–Einstein diffusing radius calculations support the hypothesis that HFCs dissolve into ISO VG 32 lubricant as individual molecules rather than associated complexes.
Simulation‐based equations of state for the Lennard‐Jones fluid: Apparent success and hidden failure
Authors: Alsaifi Nayef M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work, we utilize concepts from bifurcation theory to pinpoint hidden defects in accurate multiparameter simulation‐based equations of state for the Lennard‐Jones (LJ) fluid. The proposed bifurcation diagrams track the evolution of volume roots as temperatures vary at constant pressure. We critically evaluate four distinct types of LJ‐based equations of state: modified Benedict‐Webb‐Rubin equation (with three different parameter sets), Kolafa and Nezbeda, Mecke et al, and Thol et al. For each model, we mainly construct two bifurcation diagrams at subcritical and supercritical isobars. The unphysical behaviors associated with the studied equations involve spurious two‐phase separation regions, distorted volume‐temperature behavior, unphysical branches, unphysical turning points, and multiplicity in volume roots. Our proposed bifurcation diagram provides a reliable and simple technique to pinpoint hidden defects in equations of state‐based merely on temperature, volume, and pressure without the need of their partial derivatives or thermodynamic potentials.
Selective removal of magnesium from lithium‐rich brine for lithium purification by synergic solvent extraction using β‐diketones and Cyanex 923
Authors: Li Zheng , Binnemans Koen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the production of battery‐grade and high‐purity Li2CO3, it is essential to remove magnesium impurities. The state‐of‐the‐art solvent extraction (SX) process using Versatic Acid 10 and D2EHPA co‐extracts 3.3–5.5% lithium, while removing 86–98% magnesium. Here, we demonstrate that synergic SX systems containing a β‐diketone (HPMBP, HTTA or HDBM) and Cyanex 923 are highly selective for magnesium extraction over lithium (separation factor α > 1,000). The extracted magnesium and lithium complexes have the stoichiometry of [Mg∙A2∙(C923)2] and [Li∙A
x∙(C923)2] (x = 1, 2), respectively (A represents deprotonated β‐diketone). The three β‐diketone synergic SX systems all considerably outperformed the Versatic Acid 10 system for magnesium removal from a synthetic solution containing 24 g L−1 Li and 0.24 g L−1 Mg. In a three‐stage batch counter‐current extraction, the HPMBP and Cyanex 923 synergic SX system removed 100% magnesium with only 0.6% co‐extraction of lithium. This excellent Mg/Li separation is the best result reported so far.
Response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in myeloid neoplasms associated with PCM1‐JAK2, BCR‐JAK2 and ETV6‐ABL1 fusion genes
Authors: Schwaab Juliana , Naumann Nicole , Luebke Johannes , Jawhar Mohamad , Somervaille Tim C.P. , Williams Mark S. , Frewin Rebecca , Jost Philipp J. , Lichtenegger Felix S. , La Rosée Paul , Storch Nicola , Haferlach Torsten , Horny Hans‐Peter , Fabarius Alice , Haferlach Claudia , Burchert Andreas , Hofmann Wolf‐Karsten , Cross Nicholas C.P. , Hochhaus Andreas , Reiter Andreas , Metzgeroth Georgia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report on 18 patients with myeloid neoplasms and associated tyrosine kinase (TK) fusion genes on treatment with the TK inhibitors (TKI) ruxolitinib (PCM1‐JAK2, n = 8; BCR‐JAK2, n = 1) and imatinib, nilotinib or dasatinib (ETV6‐ABL1, n = 9). On ruxolitinib (median 24 months, range 2‐36 months), a complete hematologic response (CHR) and complete cytogenetic response (CCR) was achieved by five of nine and two of nine patients, respectively. However, ruxolitinib was stopped in eight of nine patients because of primary resistance (n = 3), progression (n = 3) or planned allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo SCT, n = 2). At a median of 36 months (range 4‐78 months) from diagnosis, five of nine patients are alive: four of six patients after allo SCT and one patient who remains on ruxolitinib. In ETV6‐ABL1 positive patients, a durable CHR was achieved by four of nine patients (imatinib with one of five, nilotinib with two of three, dasatinib with one of one). Because of inadequate efficacy (lack of hematological and/or cytogenetic/molecular response), six of nine patients (imatinib, n = 5; nilotinib, n = 1) were switched to nilotinib or dasatinib. At a median of 23 months (range 3‐60 months) from diagnosis, five of nine patients are in CCR or complete molecular response (nilotinib, n = 2; dasatinib, n = 2; allo SCT, n = 1) while two of nine patients have died. We conclude that (a) responses on ruxolitinib may only be transient in the majority of JAK2 fusion gene positive patients with allo SCT being an important early treatment option, and (b) nilotinib or dasatinib may be more effective than imatinib to induce durable complete remissions in ETV6‐ABL1 positive patients.
Tumor mutational load predicts time to first treatment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis beyond the CLL international prognostic index
Authors: Kleinstern Geffen , O'Brien Daniel R. , Li Xing , Tian Shulan , Kabat Brian F. , Rabe Kari G. , Norman Aaron D. , Yan Huihuang , Vachon Celine M. , Boddicker Nicholas J. , Call Timothy G. , Parikh Sameer A. , Bruins Laura , Bonolo de Campos Cecilia , Leis Jose F. , Shanafelt Tait D. , Ding Wei , Cerhan James R. , Kay Neil E. , Slager Susan L. , Braggio Esteban 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNext‐generation sequencing identified about 60 genes recurrently mutated in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We examined the additive prognostic value of the total number of recurrently mutated CLL genes (i.e., tumor mutational load [TML]) or the individually mutated genes beyond the CLL international prognostic index (CLL‐IPI) in newly diagnosed CLL and high‐count monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis (HC MBL). We sequenced 59 genes among 557 individuals (112 HC MBL/445 CLL) in a multi‐stage design, to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for time‐to‐first treatment (TTT), adjusted for CLL‐IPI and sex. TML was associated with shorter TTT in the discovery and validation cohorts, with a combined estimate of continuous HR = 1.27 (CI:1.17‐1.39, P = 2.6 × 10−8; c‐statistic = 0.76). When stratified by CLL‐IPI, the association of TML with TTT was stronger and validated within low/intermediate risk (combined HR = 1.54, CI:1.37‐1.72, P = 7.0 × 10−14). Overall, 80% of low/intermediate CLL‐IPI cases with two or more mutated genes progressed to require therapy within 5 years, compared to 24% among those without mutations. TML was also associated with shorter TTT in the HC MBL cohort (HR = 1.53, CI:1.12‐2.07, P = .007; c‐statistic = 0.71). TML is a strong prognostic factor for TTT independent of CLL‐IPI, especially among low/intermediate CLL‐IPI risk, and a better predictor than any single gene. Mutational screening at early stages may improve risk stratification and better predict TTT.
Association of chemosensory dysfunction and COVID‐19 in patients presenting with influenza‐like symptoms
Authors: Yan Carol H. , Faraji Farhoud , Prajapati Divya P. , Boone Christine E. , DeConde Adam S. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundRapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and concern for viral transmission by ambulatory patients with minimal to no symptoms underline the importance of identifying early or subclinical symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection. Two such candidate symptoms include anecdotally reported loss of smell and taste. Understanding the timing and association of smell/taste loss in COVID‐19 may help facilitate screening and early isolation of cases.MethodsA single‐institution, cross‐sectional study evaluating patient‐reported symptoms with a focus on smell and taste was conducted using an internet‐based platform on adult subjects who underwent testing for COVID‐19. Logistic regression was employed to identify symptoms associated with COVID‐19 positivity.ResultsA total of 1480 patients with influenza‐like symptoms underwent COVID‐19 testing between March 3, 2020, and March 29, 2020. Our study captured 59 of 102 (58%) COVID‐19–positive patients and 203 of 1378 (15%) COVID‐19–negative patients. Smell and taste loss were reported in 68% (40/59) and 71% (42/59) of COVID‐19–positive subjects, respectively, compared to 16% (33/203) and 17% (35/203) of COVID‐19–negative patients (p < 0.001). Smell and taste impairment were independently and strongly associated with COVID‐19 positivity (anosmia: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 10.9; 95% CI, 5.08‐23.5; ageusia: aOR 10.2; 95% CI, 4.74‐22.1), whereas sore throat was associated with COVID‐19 negativity (aOR 0.23; 95% CI, 0.11‐0.50). Of patients who reported COVID‐19–associated loss of smell, 74% (28/38) reported resolution of anosmia with clinical resolution of illness.ConclusionIn ambulatory individuals with influenza‐like symptoms, chemosensory dysfunction was strongly associated with COVID‐19 infection and should be considered when screening symptoms. Most will recover chemosensory function within weeks, paralleling resolution of other disease‐related symptoms.
Use of Google Trends to investigate loss‐of‐smell‒related searches during the COVID‐19 outbreak
Authors: Walker Abigail , Hopkins Claire , Surda Pavol 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundInitial reports describing coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) were dominated by the presence of cough, breathlessness, and fever; anecdotal reports suggested anosmia may also be a manifestation. We used Google Trends (GT) to investigate whether there was a surge in individuals searching for information related to smell loss during the COVID‐19 epidemic in Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, France, Iran, and The Netherlands.MethodsGT was used to explore internet activity related to loss of smell in the 8 aforementioned countries. Spearman rank analysis was performed to correlate loss‐of‐smell‒relative search volumes (RSVs), with the increases of daily confirmed cases of COVID‐19 and deaths attributed to disease. As a control event, we also performed analysis of smell‐related searches during the last UK influenza epidemic of 2009.ResultsIn all 8 countries, we observed strong correlations between daily RSVs related to loss of smell, increases of daily COVID‐19+ cases and deaths ranging from 0.633 to 0.952. All correlations were statistically significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionThere is a strong correlation between the frequency of searches for smell‐related information and the onset of COVID‐19 infection in Italy, Spain, UK, USA, Germany, France, Iran, and The Netherlands. We hypothesize this may relate to a previously underrecognized symptom.
Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and cognitive function in the Age‐Related Eye Disease Studies 1 & 2
Authors: Keenan Tiarnán D. , Agrón Elvira , Mares Julie A. , Clemons Traci E. , van Asten Freekje , Swaroop Anand , Chew Emily Y. ,   for the AREDS and AREDS2 Research Groups
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe objective was to determine whether closer adherence to the alternative Mediterranean Diet (aMED) was associated with altered cognitive function.MethodsObservational analyses of participants (n = 7,756) enrolled in two randomized trials of nutritional supplements for age‐related macular degeneration: Age‐Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) and AREDS2.ResultsOdds ratios for cognitive impairment, in aMED tertile 3 (vs 1), were 0.36 (P = .0001) for Modified Mini‐Mental State (<80) and 0.56 (P = .001) for composite score in AREDS, and 0.56 for Telephone Interview Cognitive Status‐Modified (<30) and 0.48 for composite score (each P < .0001) in AREDS2. Fish intake was associated with higher cognitive function. In AREDS2, rate of cognitive decline over 5 to 10 years was not significantly different by aMED but was significantly slower (P = .019) with higher fish intake.DiscussionCloser Mediterranean diet adherence was associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment but not slower decline in cognitive function. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) haplotype did not influence these relationships.
A Thin Self‐Feeding Janus Metasurface for Manipulating Incident Waves and Emitting Radiation Waves Simultaneously
Authors: Li Si Jia , Li Yun Bo , Li He , Wang Zheng Xing , Zhang Chen , Guo Ze Xu , Li Rui Qi , Cao Xiang Yu , Cheng Qiang , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA thin metasurface has shown powerful capabilities in controlling either incident electromagnetic (EM) waves or radiation waves, but is difficult for both. Here, a self‐feeding Janus metasurface (SFJ‐MS) is proposed to manipulate the incident EM waves and emit the radiated waves simultaneously, which can realize the polarization conversion of incident waves, scattering control, EM wave radiation, and radiation‐beam steering. On the upper of SFJ‐MS, a diagonal‐split square ring and a rectangular patch with rotation for radiation are designed to introduce anisotropy in the meta‐atom for converting the polarization of incident EM waves. On the bottom of SFJ‐MS, a self‐feeding microstructure converts the alternating current into the excitation of SFJ‐MS to emit the EM waves to free space. The multiple functions of SFJ‐MS are comprehensively substantiated by measured results, which are in agreements with the stringent simulations. This SFJ‐MS, with lightweight, compact, low profile, and power‐efficient features, can find potential applications in phased array radar systems, wireless communication systems, polarimetric radar imaging systems, and target detection systems.
CEOs' reputation, quality management and environmental innovation: The roles of stakeholder pressure and resource commitment
Authors: Konadu Renata , Owusu‐Agyei Samuel , Lartey Theophilus A. , Danso Albert , Adomako Samuel , Amankwah‐Amoah Joseph 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we examine how and when chief executive officers' (CEOs') reputation enhances environmental innovation by considering quality management as a mediating mechanism of this relationship. In addition, we introduce stakeholder pressures (primary and secondary stakeholder pressures) as important contingencies of the relationship between CEOs' reputation and quality management. Moreover, we test the moderating role of resource commitment on the quality management‐environmental innovation relationship. We test our research model using data from a manufacturing industry sample of 217 firms from Ghana. We find that quality management mediates the relationship between reputation and environmental innovation. Moreover, the relationship between CEOs' reputation and quality management is amplified when levels of both primary and secondary stakeholder pressures are greater. Finally, our findings show that the effect of quality management on environmental innovation is enhanced when resource commitment is greater. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
The receptive field for visceral pain referred orofacially by the vagus nerves
Authors: Myers Daniel E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe nociceptive receptive field of the vagus nerves in animals includes virtually the entire thoracic, abdominal and laryngopharyngeal regions. However, the role of the vagus nerves in the transmission of visceral pain in humans, with the exception of pain from coronary artery diseases, is believed to be insignificant.AimThe purpose of this report is to map out the clinical visceral pain receptive field of the vagus nerves relative to its nociceptive counterpart in animals.Materials and MethodsThe PubMed database and PMC were searched for case reports of patients with orofacial pain believed by the author(s) of the article to be referred from underlying non‐cardiac thoracic, laryngopharyngeal or abdominal diseases. Reports of diseases for which non‐neural explanations for the orofacial spread of pain were suggested were excluded.ResultsA total of 52 case reports of jaw pain and/or otalgia referred from laryngopharyngeal and noncardiac thoracic sources were discovered. In addition, a multicenter prospective study found that 25.8% of more than 3,000 patients with thoracic aortic dissection experienced pain in the head and neck region. In stark contrast, no case reports of orofacially referred pain from abdominal diseases were found.DiscussionThe results indicate that the laryngopharyngeal and thoracic portions of the vagal receptive field are capable of referring pain orofacially while the abdominal portion is not. The roles of the somatotopic organization of the trigeminal sub nucleus caudalis and neuromodulation in this referral of pain were discussed.ConclusionReferred orofacial pain can lead to delayed diagnosis and poorer outcome in visceral diseases.
Improved fuzzy‐assisted multimedia‐assistive technology for engineering education
Authors: Li Na , Chen Xuhua , Subramani Selvakumar , Kadry Seifedine N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPresently, technological developments within the academic and online education sectors have enabled mobile data‐based interactive strategies to impact transformative learning innovations for improving the learning experience. Nowadays, fuzzy logic has become a part of engineering educational systems, and it provides uncertainty‐defining logic. In this paper, the following method has been proposed for the engineering educational system: Recommending groups in E‐learning‐based fuzzy learning approach with multimedia‐assistive technology. In the recent past, assistive technologies have served as a tool or platform for resolving problems and improved learning through many factors, such as critical thinking, multimodal communication, and motivational approaches for students. Currently, the application of fuzzy logic in education has helped in making decisions in an effective manner. These technologies and experiments have significant roles in student success, because a classical student evaluation and a group study approach for high‐quality learning are no longer sufficient.