bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal and spatial variability of PM10 in daycare centres in Perlis
Authors: Sara Y Y , Marianne M A , Abdullah L C , Naimah I , Norazian M N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A good indoor air quality (IAQ) is preferred for a healthy and safe indoor environment especially for children since they are more susceptible to the effects from indoor pollutants. Most of indoor air pollution researches focus on the health effect on the children but they eliminate the possibility of how the environmental factors and daycare characteristics could contribute to this problem. This study investigates the concentration level of PM10 and its relationship with environmental factors and daycare centers characteristics and two different sampling sites, representing residential and near roadside. Gravimetrical method was used in order to present spatiotemporal analysis utilizing descriptive analysis, Pearson Correlation and Coefficient of Divergence (COD) treatments of data. The average indoor concentration in Taska Penyayang 1 Malaysia (TP1M, representing residential setting) were 105.97 ± 40.06 µg/m3 indoor and 50.77 ± 30.85 µg/m3 outdoor. Taska Penyayang Permata (TPP), represented near roadside setting were 59.88 ± 18.53 µg/m3 and 69.09 ± 23.54 µg/m3 indoor and outdoor, respectively. PM10 variations at TP1M was observed to be originated from indoor/local strong sources and was minimally influenced by weather parameters and outdoor infiltration. Infiltration of pollutants occurred at TP1M, showed by large IOR (above unity) while exfiltration of pollutants governed at TPP, indicated by low IOR and insignificant COD values between all of its micro-location. Natural ventilation as practiced by TPP may also be the reason of very much lower levels of PM10 concentration, evidenced by strong positive correlation between number of occupants and inverse correlation between number of activities. Lower frequency of activities accumulates PM10, contributing to its higher level. In contrast, persistent closed-windows and doors may contribute to inadequate ventilation and accumulated air pollutants, as observed at TP1M. This has been evident by higher COD correlation, indicating similar sources of PM10 at micro-environments with outdoor air.
Kinetics and isotherm of cadmium adsorption onto polyethylene microbeads in artificial seawater
Authors: Zon N F , Azman S , Abdullah N H , Supian N S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the interactions between cadmium (Cd) and microplastic under controlled laboratory conditions using low density polyethylene microbeads as model of plastic particles. Cadmium was added to suspensions of artificial seawater to investigate heavy metal adsorption on microbeads surface in five different concentration. Polyethylene microbeads proved to have affinity in providing surface area for cadmium. Microbeads served as an effective sorption surface and concentrated cadmium amount in seawater through adsorption process. The maximum adsorption was monitored for 96 hours. Maximum adsorption capacity determined to be 0.0101 mg/g occurring within 12-48 hours in test concentration. While, kinetic study was performed according to pseudo-first-order kinetic with kd at 0.011 L/g. Using data from pseudo first order, isotherm study was performed in nonlinear regression and dataset was in good agreement with Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich Petterson with coefficient of determination at 0.865, 0.964 and 0.962 respectively. Adsorption of cadmium to polyethylene microbeads has important implications for the potential role of microplastics, in this case microbeads-cadmium contaminated act as a quantified link in aquatic food webs.
Determination of optimum ordinary Portland cement content in solidifying/stabilizing mineral sludge
Authors: Nurliyana I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Binder plays important role in Solidification/Stabilisation (S/S) technique for sludge treatment. However, mineral sludge namely water treatment sludge (WTS) and ceramic sludge (CS) are rarely treated using S/S technique. Therefore, this study was conducted to obtain optimum percentage of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) content as a binder in S/S technique to treat the mineral sludge. Twenty (20) OPC mix proportions at 10% to 100% OPC with 10% increment were prepared to treat both 200 g WTS and 200 g CS. Binder-to-sludge (B/Sd) ratio of one (1) was used. Air curing was applied for all mixes. Compressive strength was conducted at 28 curing days. The compressive strength of treated mineral sludge was then compared to the requirement stipulated in Waste Acceptance Criteria in Landfill at 0.34 MPa. It was found that the optimum percentage of OPC to treat 200g WTS and 200g CS were 50% and 60% respectively.
Nitrogen dioxide concentration and health risk assessment at schools: Case study Tha sala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat province
Authors: Bangroy Jenjira , Janta Rungruang , Kaewrat Jenjira , Rattikansukha Chuthamat , Sichum Surasak 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A Traffic congestion around schools always problem for many schools. The biggest cause of the problem is the parent’s vehicles which they are dropping off and picking up their children from school. Other vehicle belongs to student and teacher in the school. Therefore, high air pollutant level usually found around school. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of pollutant which associated with traffic density because it was emitted from internal combustion of vehicle. This gas causes inflammation of respiratory system and is a precursor of ground level ozone and particulate matter, which are associated with adverse health effects. It is also a source of acid rain which damage an ecological system. This study aims to measure concentration of NO2 from three schools which have different traffic volume and building density in Tha sala district, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, after that, the concentration was applied to evaluate health risk of exposure to NO2 for residents who is living around schools including children and adult. The samples were collected by using passive samplers for 24 Hrs on the working day during February to May 2019. The results shown that the concentration of NO2 at schools in semester start were ranged 48.6-78.1 µg/m3 which were 1.5 time over that in semester break period. Pollutant concentration was relative with traffic volume in the area. Even though, the NO2 level from all schools were accepted by the 24-hours standard of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air (<113 µg/m3) but the toxicological risk assessment distinguished that the resident living around schools in Tha Sala district exposed to NO2 above the recommended limits to human health
Restoration of Hatirjheel Lake by designing submerged aeration system and settling zone
Authors: Anber Fabliha , Iqra Nazeat Ameen , Badruzzaman A.B.M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Hatirjheel Lake is known as the centre of the Dhaka city, the capital of the Bangladesh, a South Asian riverine country. But, unfortunately, soon this lake will be darken due to huge pollution. Therefore, to augment dissolve oxygen level, aeration system has been acknowledged as an effective way for the lake restoration, and an aeration zone and for further improvement settling zone have been designed. First of all, our study is assessed bifurcating the total area into two segments: aeration zone and sedimentation zone. Total oxygen requirement and other fundamental tests have been derived from sample. Later, to meet 83mg/l of oxygen demand number of diffusers of 8in diameter have been enumerated, and additionally three root lobe blowers of a centrifugal pump are selected, and desludging time interval has been computed. Conclusively, the percentage removal of particles has been substantialized through laboratory-based batch column. In our study, we have considered maximum discharge of 6 ft3/s whilst even during the rainy season more than 50% incoming water will be transferred via twin diversion sewers. Therefore, we can say our design is in the satisfactory zone.
Epoxidation of waste cooking oil using catalytic in situ generated performic acid
Authors: Rahman M S A , Jalil M J , Muain M , Gloria V , Azmi I S , Hadi A , Yamin A F M , Morad N 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNowadays, utilizing renewable resources is one of the top research interests among researchers around the world in order to maintain the synthesis of products based on chemicals. Oleic acid (C18:1) derived from palm oil contains the unsaturated double bond (C=C) in its long alkyl chain makes it an attractive fatty acid for the production of eco-friendly epoxide. The epoxidation of waste cooking oil was carried out by using in situ generated performic acid (HCOOOH) to produce epoxidized oleic acid. Epoxy ring-opening also known as epoxide cleavage or epoxide ring degradation occurs in the epoxidation of vegetable oils. It is imperative to minimize process losses via ring-opening in order to achieve good yields and high peroxide values of the epoxidized vegetable oil. In this study, we analysed the effect of agitation speed, the effect of molar ratio of the formic acid to waste cooking oil and the effect of hydrogen peroxide to waste cooking oil molar ratio to epoxidation waste cooking oil.
The Effect of Low Initial C:N Ratio during Composting of Rice Straw Ash with Food Waste in Evaluating the Compost Quality
Authors: Khalib S N B , Zakarya I A , Izhar T N T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The physicochemical and biological changes was examined during composting of rice straw ash with food waste in order to assess the effectiveness as stability and maturity of compost at low initial C:N ratio of 20 with three different aeration rates of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 L/min.kg. The rice straw was burned at 300°C temperature to produced rice straw ash before being used to compost with a food waste. A laboratory-scale of bin composter reactor in a cone-shape was used during the composting process. The composting mixture with aeration rates of 0.6L/min.kg maintained the temperature exceeding 55°C for three days to meet the requirement of pathogen destruction compared to the composting mixture with aeration rate 0.4L/min.kg and 0.8L/min.kg. The final C:N ratio for composting mixture with aeration rates 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8L/min.kg was 11. The pH values and moisture content obtained for all composting mixture was in a range of 7-8 and 40-70%. However, the final germination index in all composting mixture was never over 80%.
Research on the Performance of Pd-Catalyst Based on Chroma and COD
Authors: Shi Liang , Shen Yukai , Wang Junfei , Zhang Yongli 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Heterogeneous CWAO process was used to treat refractory organic waste-water. The performance of Pd-catalyst (Pd-Fe-Co-Ce/FSC) was investigated. The chroma and COD removal rate of waste-water were taken as evaluation indexes. The chroma of the blank water sample is about 300 times higher than that of the first, second and third waste-water. The first use is obviously much smaller than the second and third use, while the second and third use are not very different in chroma. With the decomposement of the organic matter, COD of waste-water decreased. Therefore, under the effect of Pd-catalysts, by the method of CWAO, waste-water can be processed effectively. From the first, second and third use sequence, COD value is from low to high, COD removal rate is gradually reduced slightly, so it can be seen that the treatment effect of catalyst on water sample is increased in 120 min. The experimental results show that the chroma of the treated water sample is about 300 times lower than that without catalyst, and the COD removal rates of the water sample are 85.7%, 83.8% and 82.1% respectively in the first, second and third time of catalyst. These show that the Pd-Fe-Co-Ce/FSC catalyst has good activity and stability.
Mitigating Energy Requirement in Transport System Via Material Selection
Authors: Adekomaya Oludaisi , Majozi Thokozani 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In view of sudden changes in climatic weather conditions, resulting in variation and dislocation of environment and biodiversity, there has been new initiatives in automotive industry to develop a lighter and sustainable materials to mitigate fossil fuel demand in transport system and improve the overall vehicular part maintenance. In almost all the developed part of the world, major car manufacturer have evolved new composite materials to replace original equipment body as government regulations become stricter in response to worsening environmental degradation. The concept of this paper is to report findings on new material formation using hand lay-up as manucturing technique. In this paper, part of the novel approach in transport system is the possibility of payload reduction through the adaptation of new materials as external and internal parts of the system. Five materials were processed in this work with two specimens oriented at varying degree (30° and 60°) while the other three were without degree of orientation. The payload of these materials were estimated using all the conceptual parameters of a typical vehicle system and the findings from this research showed that 10%wt. of fibre at 30° orientation in the matrix, will possibly offer the lowest panel weight as presented in this paper. This study may be investigated further with a view to test the energy consumption of this new material via-a-viz other reinforced composite materials.
Experimental Study on Distributed Household Solar Power Generation and Heating Integrated System
Authors: Mingzhi Zhao , Shuai Wang , Liling Wu , Dan Zhang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The current researches on the utilization of solar energy resources are mostly for the purpose of efficient utilization, ignoring the actual energy demand based on user needs. Therefore, this paper designs a new type of concentrated solar power generation system, taking user needs as the first goal and Achieve full and effective use of energy. Calculate and analyze the structure size of the reflective condenser in the condenser system. Use the optical simulation software Trace-pro to simulate the condenser to find out the best reflection installation angle and the most reasonable condenser of the condenser reflector. Light efficiency. At the same time, a 100W distributed household solar power generation system experimental bench was set up to study the output power of the concentrating system of the experimental system. The results show that: when the incident angle of the light reaches above 60°, the uniformity will obviously increase, and the intensity of solar radiation will have a significant effect on the improvement of the uniformity of light concentration; The output power is about 87.58W. Compared with non-concentrating systems, the power increase is about 11.42%.
Research on PCA-LSTM-based Short-term Load Forecasting Method
Authors: Fang QianSheng , Zhong YongXiang , Xie ChenLei , Zhang HongYan , Li ShanShou 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Accurate load forecasting not only makes the power company’s power dispatch more reasonable, but also improves the economics and safety of grid operation. In order to make load forecasting more accurate, it is necessary to use a variety of factors that affect load changes, such as temperature and holidays, to build a huge data set, which will reduce the speed of calculations. In addition, deep learning has advantages over traditional prediction methods in time series prediction. Therefore, this paper adopts a load prediction method based on principal component analysis (PCA) and long short-term memory neural network (LSTM). First, build a multi-dimensional data set with a time series. Second, PCA is used to reduce the dimensionality of the data set, retaining the feature that the sum of the proportions of the k-dimensional principal components reaches or exceeds 85%. Thirdly, the LSTM was trained using the data set and a load prediction model was obtained, with a correlation coefficient of 94%. Finally, the experimental simulation is compared with the traditional method. Experimental results show that the method has higher accuracy and practicability.
Factors Affecting Residents’ Adoption of Energy-efficient Lighting in Rural Areas of China
Authors: Huang Ying 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Energy conservation is one of the core topics to address the goals for sustainable development. Approximately 40% of the total energy are consumed by buildings currently [1]. Energy consumed by lighting accounts for about 20% among all the segments in buildings. Therefore, it’s extremely important to improve the energy efficiency of lighting in buildings. However, this process is relatively slow in the rural areas of China, despite the government’s policies and subsidies on lighting efficiency. According to the current study, only about half of the dwellings in the rural areas has adopted energy saving light sources. The aim of current study is to reveal the key factors that affect the adoption of energy-efficient lighting in the rural areas of Fujian province in China, and provide valuable information for addressing the barriers. From the survey data collected from 321 valid responses, it becomes clear that for the residents who lived in the rural area, their personal characteristics, the perceived ease of use, the perceived lighting quality, and the impact of indoor lighting on their health were not associated with the actual use of the energy-efficient light sources at home. On the other hand, social support, awareness of the technology, and the perception of cost effectiveness were identified to be significantly correlated with the acceptance of energy-efficient light sources. A mediation analysis further shows an important causal relationship among these factors. Social support significantly improves the users’ awareness toward energy-efficient lighting designs, which would influence their perception on the cost effectiveness, which in turn would translate into actual adoption of energy-efficient light sources. These findings will pave the way for better understanding of the influencing factors for the acceptance of energy-efficient light sources, and provide the policy makes with valuable information for the formation and implementation of favourable policies and support programs, in order to speed up the spread of energy-efficient light sources in rural areas of China.
Research on the Properties of Several Marine Active Substances to Eliminate Superoxide Anions
Authors: Wang Qingyu , Zhang Guobao , Chen Xin , Xu Feng , Chen Deke , Deng Yucheng , Chen Hua , Sun Huili 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Using hydroxyl radicals as an in vitro antioxidant model and using ascorbic acid (Vc) as a positive control, four important marine activities of trehalose, carboxymethyl chitosan, glucosamine hydrochloride, and rippled paphia small molecule peptide were studied Antioxidant ability of the substance in vitro. The experimental results show that the four marine active substances have good antioxidant properties, and their antioxidant properties show a certain positive correlation with the concentration; carboxymethyl chitosan has a stronger ability to eliminate hydroxyl radicals than the other three marine active substances. When the concentration was 4 g/L, the elimination rate of para-hydroxyl radicals reached 91.71%.
Performance Evaluation and Life Management of SCR Denitration Catalyst
Authors: Lu Chao , Wang Dong , Zhu Wentao , Wang Fengji , Du Zhen , Zhu Yue 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A plate-type catalyst for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitration system of a 600MW coal-fired power plant was studied. The denitration process characteristics and physical and chemical properties of the desulfurization process at different operating times were tested and analyzed. The results show that the content of active components of the catalyst decreases, and the content of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals increases. The deposition of fly ash and the wear of the catalyst during operation are the main reasons for the denitrification performance of the catalyst. Catalyst activity decreased by 21.6m/h after add installation in 2016. It was found that the catalyst in operation could not meet the operation requirements of the denitration equipment in 2018. Based on this, the catalyst replacement proposal was given, and the denitration catalyst was replaced for the operation of the power plant. Provide a reference and use this method as a life management mode for denitration catalysts.
Seismic Analysis of a Soil Slope to Develop Correlations for Factor of Safety Considering Horizontal and Vertical Seismic Coefficients
Authors: Khan Muhammad Israr , Wang Shuhong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Seismic analysis of soil slopes is required to get safe factor of safety value for slope design. Especially in earthquake zones. Factor of safety value is always effected by seismic coefficients, such as horizontal and vertical coefficients. Normally a variation in factor of safety values is observed in normal analysis of a slope where seismic coefficients are kept zero as compare to seismic analysis where seismic coefficients are considered in the analysis. In this research, seismic horizontal coefficients as well as vertical seismic coefficients are used to find the factors of safety. Correlations are developed between factor of safety values and seismic coefficients. The correlation can be used to find the factor of safety in any slope stability project for a homogenous slopes. The outcome of this work are the correlations. These correlations can be used to find the factor of safety values considering horizontal seismic coefficient, vertical seismic coefficient and both.
Monitoring and Simulation of CO2 Exchange of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in the Liaohe Delta Wetland, China
Authors: Jia Q Y , Yu W Y , Wen R H , Wang X Y , Li X L 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Eddy correlation technique was used to obtain the carbon fluxes (2012 and 2013) in the coastal wetlands of the Liaohe Delta. The carbon flux daily data were used to validate the biogeochemical models that are parameterized by data such as meteorology and water level (Wetland-DNDC). The observation results showed that the trend of carbon flux in the Liaohe Delta is absorption in growing season and weak discharge in non-growing season. The model results showed significant linear correlation with the observation, the simulation result was relatively correct. The results showed that the trend of Reed output is consistent with that of simulation. The annual carbon sequestration capacity was estimated to be 1502.24g-CO2-m−2 on an average in the recent 30 years, with a fluctuating increase trend. Further analysis explained the correlation between environmental factors such as temperature, precipitation and CO2 content and the annual carbon sequestration amount. Correlation between CO2 content and annual absorption was followed by temperature, with no correlation with precipitation. The carbon sequestration capacity of the Liaohe Delta increases with change of climate.