bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realistic finite temperature simulations for magnetic and transport properties of ferromagnet
Authors: Tran Hung Ba , Li Hao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Accurately modeling the magnetic and transport properties of ferromagnetic materials at finite temperatures remains a significant challenge in materials science. In this study, we present a comprehensive simulation approach that combines first-principles calculations with Monte Carlo simulations to investigate body-centered cubic (bcc) iron (Fe). We calculate the magnetic exchange coupling constants (Jij) while incorporating thermal lattice vibrations effects, achieving a more realistic temperature-dependent behavior of Jij and the Curie temperature of bcc Fe. Our Monte Carlo simulations employ the classical Heisenberg model enhanced with a quantum fluctuation-dissipation relation, wherein thermal spin fluctuations effects of magnons obey Bose-Einstein statistics. This approach successfully reproduces the spontaneous magnetization curve across a wide temperature range. Our method addresses well-known discrepancies in spontaneous magnetization between the ordinary classical Heisenberg model and experimental results, particularly in the low-temperature regime where spontaneous magnetization follows Bloch’s 3/2 power law in experimental data. Additionally, we demonstrate that our approach accurately reproduces the electrical resistivity and specific heat of bcc Fe, whereas the ordinary classical Heisenberg model fails to capture these temperature-dependent properties. Our findings highlight the importance of considering both thermal lattice vibrations and thermal spin fluctuations effects with Bose-Einstein statistics when modeling ferromagnetic materials, thus enabling more precise predictions of magnetic and transport properties at finite temperatures.
Invariance-based Mendelian Randomization Method Integrating Multiple Heterogeneous GWAS Summary Datasets
Authors: Zhou Xiaohua , Hou Lei , Chen Hao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Various geographical landscapes, diverse lifestyles and genetic structures may lead the heterogeneity among the GWAS summary datasets from distinct populations, especially different ethnic groups. This increases the difficulty in inferring global causal relationships from exposures on the outcome when integrating multiple GWAS summary datasets. We proposed a mendelian randomization (MR) method called MR-EILLS, which leverages the Environment Invariant Linear Least Squares (EILLS) to deduce the global causal relationship that invariant in all heterogeneous populations. The MR-EILLS model works in both univariate and multivariate scenarios, and allows the invalid instrumental variables (IVs) violating exchangeability and exclusion restriction assumptions. In addition, MR-EILLS shows the unbiased causal effect estimations of one or multiple exposures on the outcome, whether there are valid or invalid IVs. Comparing with traditional MR and meta methods, MR-EILLS demonstrates the highest estimation accuracy, the most stable type I error rates, and the highest statistical power. Finally, MR-EILLS is applied to explore the independent causal relationships between 11 blood cells and lung function, using GWAS summary statistics from five ancestries (African, East Asian, South Asian, Hispanics Latinos and European). The results cover most of the expected causal links which have biological interpretations and several new links supported by previous observational literatures.
An actuatable ionogel thermoelectric fiber with aligned mesogens-induced unprecedented thermopower for four-dimensional dynamically adaptive heat harvesting
Authors: Wang Lianjun , Cao Liuqi , Sun Tingting , Zhao Huiru , Shang MengHan , Jiang Wan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Thermoelectric (TE) ionogel is promising material for harvesting low-grade heat owing to their nature of quasi-solid state and giant thermopower. However, current high-performance ionogel at low humidity present multicomponent systems, resulting in a trade-off between TE property, mechanics, and cost, and their device are integrated on planar substrates, erasing their advantage of adapting to complex-shaped geometry. A TE conversion system dynamically adaptive to any curved heat surface while achieving high intrinsic TE performance remains a formidable challenge. Here, an actuated ionogel TE fiber is designed, where the fine-tuning mesogen orientations can generate unprecedented~3-fold thermopower boost (25.8 mV K-1) at low humidity via enlarging the thermal mobility difference of ion inside the liquid crystal elastomer network, accompanied by a~30-fold electrical conductivity boom. Moreover, benefiting from their actuatable and excellent mechanical properties, and internal torque inside weaving structure, a woven gripper-structured TE device achieves a four-dimensional dynamically adaptive ability to complex geometrical heat source, and thus a stable output over time regardless of changing size or temperature of the heat source. Decoupled identification of size/shape and temperature of the heat source can also be enabled. The design concepts of the actuatable TE ionogel and device pave new ways for commercial ionic thermoelectrics.
Antimicrobial, Anticancer, and Antioxidant Activities of the honey bee products
Authors: Selvaraj Jothi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Propolis, a resinous substance bees produce, has garnered significant attention for its diverse therapeutic properties. This study investigates propolis's antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities, aiming to uncover its potential as a natural bioactive compound in pharmaceutical and health-related applications. The antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated against various bacterial and fungal pathogens, demonstrating broad-spectrum inhibitory effects. Anticancer activity was assessed using in vitro models, highlighting propolis's ability to induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor cell proliferation. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity of propolis was quantified through standard assays, confirming its role in neutralizing free radicals and mitigating oxidative stress. The results indicate that propolis, with its multifaceted bioactivity, holds promise as a natural agent for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Future research should focus on elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects and exploring clinical applications for propolis-based interventions.
Anti-inflammatory action and intraocular kinetics of bromfenac in anterior uveitis depending on the composition of topical formulation
Authors: Blinova E. V. , Lyabushev P. A. , Litvin E. A. , Blinov D. S. , Galchin A. A. , Shikh M. V. , Struts I. S. , Blinov K. D. , Yudina S. D. , Vasilkina O. V. , Zotov S. E. , Shikh E. V. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose: a comparative study of the main characteristics of the anti-inflammatory effect of the ophthalmic dosage form (ODF) of bromfenac — the drug Broxinac and analogues, their local bioavailability, biodistribution and intraocular pharmacokinetics during the inflammatory process in the anterior segment of the rabbit eye.Material and methods. The studies were performed on 40 sexually mature male rabbits of the “Soviet Chinchilla” breed with an experimental model of carrageenan anterior uveitis. The anti-inflammatory and local irritant effect on the cornea, bioavailability and intraocular pharmacokinetics in the anterior chamber humor of ODF - bromfenac drops with various auxiliary components when instilled into the conjunctival sac were determined.Results. Broxinac, containing 0.05 mg/ml benzalkonium chloride as an auxiliary substance, exhibits more pronounced anti-inflammatory properties than existing analogues containing benzalkonium chloride at a concentration of 0.01 mg/ml or not containing it at all. The drug does not cause a local irritant effect when administered every 12 hours for 10 days 1 drop into the conjunctival sac of the eye of an awake rabbit, only minor signs of irritation in the form of closing of the eyelids in some rabbits were noted. When using comparison drugs containing 0.01 mg of the aforementioned preservative, the severity of the local irritant reaction fluctuated in a fairly wide range: from moderate to pronounced. It was established that the dosing form of Broxinac creates high peak concentrations in the anterior chamber humor and vitreous body, which remain within the therapeutic limits for at least 12 hours regardless of the presence of uveitis, with a half-life from the anterior chamber humor, depending on the presence of pathology, from 79 to 89 minutes.Conclusion. The ability of auxiliary components to change the pharmacology of the dosing form is the basis for optimizing the local bioavailability and pharmacodynamics of bromfenac as the active substance of the drug Broxinac. An increase in the concentration of benzalkonium chloride to 0.05 mg / ml (which is 5 times higher than that of the selected analogues) facilitates the passage of bromfenac through the tissue barrier of the eye and prevents presystemic elimination.
Incidence of PAX6 single nucleotide polymorphisms in congenital iridofundal coloboma and other congenital ocular abnormalities: a tertiary care hospital experience from central India
Authors: Jain Sh. , Lakhtakia S. , Choudhary P. , Pandey S. K. , Chandravanshi Sh. L. , Tiwari A. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose of this study is to identify selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the PAX6 gene and to assess their correlation with congenital iridofundal colobomas and other congenital ocular anomalies.Material and methods. It was a case-control study done on 45 patients aged from 75 days to 58 years (mean age 29.36 ± 14.4 years) with irido-fundal coloboma and 45 healthy controls aged 35.23 ± 13.92 years. Ocular examination was done by using slit-lamp microscopy inspection, fundoscopy and intraocular pressure measurement. Genotyping was done by using the polymerase chain reaction — restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.Results. Two irido — fundal coloboma patients showed CT (+/-) heterozygous genotype of rs667773 SNP and the rest were wild-type CC (-/-) homozygous genotype. All controls showed CC-/- wild-type homozygous genotype. PAX6 SNP rs3026354 showed CC (-/-) wild-type homozygous genotype condition in all patients. Neither CG (+/-) heterozygous nor homozygous GG (+/+) genotype was reported in patients and controls. SNP rs662702, genotype pattern was CC-/- wild type homozygous in all patients and controls. CC genotype frequency was 95.56 and CT genotype was 4.4% while C allele frequency was 97.78 and T allele frequency was 2.22 % in rs667773 C>T SNP. rs3026354C>G SNP had 100 % CC genotype and C allele frequency in both case and control populations. SNP rs 662702C>T showed 100 % CC genotype and C allele frequency in the case and control respectively.Conclusion. The elevated frequency of the CC genotype with C allele was more common in irido fundal patients. Two heterozygous CT genotype of rs667773C>T SNP were reported in two irido-fundal coloboma patients.
Body mass index and age at menarche as predictors of adverse reproductive outcomes
Authors: Mateykovich E. A. , Ziyadinov A. A. , Novikova V. A. , Radzinsky V. E. , Polyakova V. A. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The continuum and pregnancy outcomes in adolescent girls and women of reproductive age, differences between them are partly predetermined by pregestational factors, in particular body mass characteristics. Today, the key role is assigned to the age at menarche, which indicates the achievement of mature reproductive function.Aim. To identify and compare the relationship between the age at menarche combined with the pregestational body mass index (BMI) and the adverse reproductive outcome (ARO) variant in women of reproductive age and adolescent girls.Materials and methods. At total of 967 women with ARO were enrolled in the prospective cohort multicenter study. The patients were divided into cohorts based on their age groups (adolescent girls (n = 182) or women of reproductive age (n = 785)) and the ARO variants. Four groups of women were identified: women with non-developing pregnancy (NDP) (n = 244), women with extrauterine pregnancy (EP) (n = 115), women with spontaneous miscarriage (SM) (n = 299), and women with preterm birth (PB) (n = 309).Results and discussion. It was found that a later ARO corresponds to a higher BMI: a more probable BMI for SM is over 23, for NDP is 23 and less; for PB is over 25, for SM is 25 and less. No threshold BMI limit distinguishing between EP and NDP was identified. The BMI for adolescent girls is generally significantly lower than the BMI for women of reproductive age; it is significantly higher in EP as compared with women of reproductive age and comparable in SM. A trend towards a higher BMI in SM compared to NDP both in women of reproductive age with BMI over 24 and in adolescent girls with BMI over 20 but with different threshold limits is shown. The threshold BMI limit distinguishing PB from SM in reproductive age is 25 and higher, and in adolescent girls it does not reach 23.Conclusion. In clinical practice, it is recommended to use navigators for predicting ARO variants based on pregestational BMI and/or age at menarche, taking into account the age group of patients, which are obtained using classification trees.
Water politics in Pakistan: The internal and external dynamics
Authors: Lad Rahul M. , Jaybhaye Ravindra G. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Pakistan, mostly an arid and semi-arid geographic area, paradoxically harbours significant surface and groundwater resources vital for its sustenance. The nation heavily relies on the intricate network of the Indus River system, one of the largest contiguous irrigation networks globally. Despite this, Pakistan faces mounting pressure on its water resources. Hence, this paper delves into the multifaceted factors influencing Pakistan's water availability, categorizing them into internal and external determinants. The internal factors pertain to elements within the nation's borders, while the external factors transcend its sovereign control. The research underscores the imperative for Pakistan to prioritize addressing internal factors that predominantly impact its water resources. Moreover, a growing realization suggests the need for Pakistan to steer away from securitizing water resources. Such an approach complicates fostering amicable relations with its upper riparian neighbours, crucial for collectively addressing challenges such as climate change. Striving for co-operation rather than confrontation is pivotal for navigating these shared challenges sustainably. Finally, the paper concludes that adopting a desecuritized approach towards water resources, coupled with a nuanced focus on internal factors, presents a promising strategy for mitigating water-related concerns in Pakistan.
Causal mechanisms of 100 accidents in sewage system facilities
Authors: Chen Ang , Wu Miao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

The safety of urban sewage system facilities, including wastewater treatment plants and pipeline facilities, has become increasingly critical due to accidents. Numerous accidents frequently occur during the construction and operation phases, posing a significant threat to human health and jeopardizing lives. This paper investigates safety incidents and analyzes their causes to identify common patterns. The results indicate that human factors are the primary contributors to accidents, with those involving chemical and toxic gas poisoning standing out as particularly severe incidents. This paper proposes several measures to reduce accident risks, emphasizing the need for stronger supervision, the establishment of a regular management system, and the resolution of key technical challenges.
Harzianolides H-J: Three New Butenolides Isolated from the Fungus Trichoderma harzianum
Authors: Zhou Chengzeng , Ge Yichao , Wu Bin 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Marine fungi have been recognized as new sources for the discovery of
valuable secondary metabolites, providing lead compounds for drug discovery and development.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the secondary metabolites from the
marine-derived fungus Trichoderma harzianum ZN-4 and evaluate their antifungal activity.

Method:
Fungus strain Trichoderma harzianum ZN-4 was initially fermentated using a PDB liquid
medium. Subsequently, extensive chromatographic methods were applied to isolate the fermentation
cultures of ZN-4, and the chemical structures of isolate compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D
NMR, ECD, and HRESIMS. The antifungal activity was evaluated using the broth microdilution
method.

Result:
Three new butenolides, harzianolides H–J (1–3), were isolated from T. harzianum ZN-4, and
cultivated on a sterilized PDB medium. Activity evaluation showed that compounds 1−3 exhibited
potent antifungal activity with MIC values of 12.5−100 μg/mL against the phytopathogenic fungus
Pestalotiopsis theae.

Conclusion:
This study not only enriched the structural diversity of the harzianolide family but also
revealed their anti-P. theae activity, which may be potential antifungal agents.
Recent Outbreaks and Factsheet of Future Global Pandemic Marburg Virus: A Looming Threat
Authors: Arora Sanchit , Sharma Ashwani , Iqbal Ramsha , Gugulothu Dalapathi , Sharma Kalicharan , Jain Divya , Singh Kuldeep 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:
The Marburg virus (MARV), which belongs to the family Filoviridae, is the cause of Marburg virus disease (MVD), a disease that can be fatal. Laboratories employees of Marburg and Frankfurt cities of Germany, and Belgrade city of Yugoslavia (now Serbia), contracted an infection caused by a hitherto unidentified infectious pathogen in August 1967. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), MARV is one of the most im-portant issues in the world. With a case fatality rate ranging from 24.0 to 88.0%, the virus is very dangerous, underscoring the need for public awareness. This outbreak was deter-mined to be caused by the MARV, one of the deadliest viruses that infect humans. However, African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops), which were imported from Uganda and transported to all three locations, were discovered to be the virus's primary source, while fruit bats (Rosettus aegyptiacus), which belong to the Pteropodidae family, act as the MARV's natural hosts.
The disease's pathophysiology indicates significant antiviral suppression as a result of alter-ations in gene expression and the synthesis of interferon-stimulated genes in the hepatic cells. Along with the advent of hemorrhagic manifestations, which can result in a patient's death, the condition may worsen and cause abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, phar-yngitis, diarrhea, and other symptoms. The countermeasures against MVD are outlined in this article, with an emphasis on the ecology, traits, virion proteins, pathology, and trans-mission of MARV clinical aspects along with diagnostic, patient therapy, and management.
Revolutionizing Glioblastoma Immunotherapy Conquering Transport and Biological Challenges, Innovating Combinatorial Approaches for
Unprecedented Treatment Success
Authors: Prajapati Shatrudhan , Yadav Shikha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:
Glioblastomas are the most common primary brain cancer and present many challenges
in treatment, with the current standard-of-care treatments yielding a median survival rate of
less than 15 months. While immunotherapy against cancer has been very effective in some cancers,
its application in glioblastoma has been limited so far. The following review touches upon
some of the critical challenges associated with successful immunotherapy in glioblastoma, covering
transport-related obstacles presented by the blood-brain barrier, biological complexity
within the central nervous system, and the interplay between glioblastoma and immune cells.
Ongoing clinical trials testing the efficacy of different immunotherapeutic strategies, including
immune checkpoint blockade, vaccination, and adoptive cell transfer, are discussed. These strategies
are inherently challenged by the low immunogenicity of glioblastoma, the unique immuneprotective
mechanisms of the immune system within the CNS, and the predominant features of
the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. Current therapeutic modalities reviewed include
surgical resection, radiation therapy, and temozolomide-based chemotherapy, with discussions
on new forms of approaches to enhance immune activation: vaccines, oncolytic viruses,
and adoptive cell therapies such as CAR T cells and NK cells. The perpetual problem of resistance
to immunotherapy underlines the need for combination strategies and precise testing
within advanced in-vitro and animal tumor models, considering the large variability in glioblastomas.
Nanotubes and Nanodiamonds in 3D printing: Enhancing Mechanical and Biological Properties of Nanocomposites through Advanced Formulation
Technologies
Authors: Jain Chirag , Garg Teena , Chauhan Shikha Baghel , SIngh Indu 
Published: December 2024

Aim:
With the aim to improve the thermal and mechanical characteristics of nanocomposites
for cutting-edge engineering applications, this work looks at how nanotubes and nanodiamonds
can be integrated into 3D printing processes.

Background:
The performance of 3D-printed products has been greatly enhanced by the addition
of nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes (Carbon nanotubes) as well as nanodiamonds into polymer
matrices. While nanodiamonds offer remarkable hardness and thermal stability, carbon nanotubes
are widely recognized for their better electrical conductivity and bending strength. Their
qualities make them the best options for raising the calibre of nanocomposites that are 3D printed.

Objective:
This paper looks at the effects of dispersion, functionalization, and synthesis of nanotubes
and nanodiamonds on the mechanical and thermal properties of nanocomposites, taking into
account the environmental impact, obstacles, and applications of these materials.

Method:
The techniques for adding nanotubes and nanodiamonds to 3D printing formulations
were the main topic of a thorough literature study. A number of important factors were examined,
including stability, toughness, elasticity, and tensile strength. The influence of uniform particle
spread on overall composite performance as well as developments in dispersion technologies were
reviewed in the paper.

Results:
The study found that the incorporation of nanotubes and nanodiamonds into 3D printing
processes significantly improved the mechanical and biological properties of nanocomposites. These
nanomaterials improved electrical conductivity and thermal stability, making them suitable for
applications in electronics, aerospace, and biomedical fields. However, challenges such as high
costs, ecological impacts, and long-term stability assessments remain.

Conclusion:
Although there is potential for next-generation materials with the incorporation of
nanotubes along with nanodiamonds in 3D-printed nanocomposites, issues such as uniform nanoparticle
dispersion still need to be resolved.