bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergent technologies in science and innovations in Kazakhstan
Authors: Issayeva Gulmira Kuzdeualiyevna , Zhussipova Elmira Yelbergenovna , Kuralbayeva Alma Shorayevna , Beisenova Madina Unaibekovna , Maulenkulova Gulbana Erzhigitovna , Zhakipbekova Dinara Saparovna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs soon as the economy of Kazakhstan is highly resource‐oriented despite numerous efforts to change the structure of the national economy, constant assessment of the scientific and innovation sphere of the country is actual and important. By way of qualitative, quantitative, comparative, and descriptive analysis 13 indicators related to science and innovations were investigated to define the level of scientific and innovative development in Kazakhstan. Science and innovation in Kazakhstan are under‐financed and state‐based financing of innovative activities seems to be ineffective, and the innovations are still unprofitable. The scientific human capital is affected by “brain drain,” when best graduates go into business or leave the country to build careers in better financial conditions. Eight indicators are found to be universal and comparable for various countries, and can be applied with the purpose of defining the level of scientific and innovative development of a country or countries. The results of the study can be applied by governmental officials for developing policies related to science and innovations. The methods, set of indicators, and findings of the study can be used by other researchers for investigating and comparing the level(s) of scientific and innovative development in other country or countries.
Evaluation of drug interaction potential of zanubrutinib with cocktail probes representative of CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, P‐gp and BCRP
Authors: Ou Ying C. , Tang Zhiyu , Novotny William , Tawashi Manal , Li Ta‐Kai , Coleman Hugh A. , Sahasranaman Srikumar 
Published: December 2020

AimThis study aims to assess the potential effects of zanubrutinib on the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and drug transporter proteins using a cocktail probe approach.MethodsPatients received single oral doses of probe drugs alone and after at least 8 days of treatment with zanubrutinib 160 mg twice daily in a single‐sequence study in 18 healthy male volunteers. Simultaneous doses of 10 mg warfarin (CYP2C9) and 2 mg midazolam (CYP3A) were administered on Day 1 and Day 14, 0.25 mg digoxin (P‐glycoprotein [P‐gp]) and 10 mg rosuvastatin (breast cancer resistance protein [BCRP]) on Day 3 and Day 16, and 20 mg omeprazole (CYP2C19) on Day 5 and Day 18. Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were estimated from samples obtained up to 12 h post dose for zanubrutinib; 24 h for digoxin, omeprazole and midazolam; 48 h for rosuvastatin; and 144 h for warfarin.ResultsThe ratios (%) of geometric least squares means (90% confidence intervals) for the area under the concentration–time curve from time zero to the last quantifiable concentration in the presence/absence of zanubrutinib were 99.80% (97.41–102.2%) for S‐warfarin; 52.52% (48.49–56.88%) for midazolam; 111.3% (103.8–119.3%) for digoxin; 89.45% (78.73–101.6%) for rosuvastatin; and 63.52% (57.40–70.30%) for omeprazole. Similar effects were observed for maximum plasma concentrations.ConclusionsZanubrutinib 320 mg total daily dose had minimal or no effect on the activity of CYP2C9, BCRP and P‐gp, but decreased the systemic exposure of CYP3A and CYP2C19 substrates (mean reduction <50%).
Glucocorticoid treatment in patients with newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia switches CD14++CD16+ intermediate monocytes from a pro‐inflammatory to an anti‐inflammatory phenotype
Authors: Williams Emily L. , Stimpson Madeleine L. , Lait Philippa J. P. , Schewitz‐Bowers Lauren P. , Jones Lauren V. , Dhanda Ashwin D. , Lee Richard W. J. , Bradbury Charlotte A. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is thought to result from an aberrant adaptive autoimmune response, involving autoantibodies, B and T lymphocytes, directed at platelets and megakaryocytes. Previous reports have demonstrated skewed CD4+ T‐helper subset distribution and enhanced production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 17A and interferon gamma. The role of monocytes (MCs) in ITP is less widely described, but innate immune cells have a role in shaping CD4+ T‐cell phenotypes. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly used for first‐line ITP treatment and modulate a broad range of immune cells including T cells and MCs. Using multiparameter flow cytometry analysis, we demonstrate the expansion of intermediate MCs (CD14++CD16+) in untreated patients with newly diagnosed ITP, with these cells displaying a pro‐inflammatory phenotype, characterised by enhanced expression of CD64 and CD80. After 2 weeks of prednisolone treatment (1 mg/kg daily), the proportion of intermediate MCs reduced, with enhanced expression of the anti‐inflammatory markers CD206 and CD163. Healthy control MCs were distinctly different than MCs from patients with ITP before and after GC treatment. Furthermore, the GC‐induced phenotype was not observed in patients with chronic ITP receiving thrombopoietin receptor agonists. These data suggest a role of MCs in ITP pathogenesis and clinical response to GC therapy.
Prognostic relevance of adding MRI data to WHO 2016 and cIMPACT‐NOW updates for diffuse astrocytic tumors in adults. Working toward the extended use of MRI data in integrated glioma diagnosis
Authors: Roux Alexandre , Tran Stéphane , Edjlali Myriam , Saffroy Raphaël , Tauziede‐Espariat Arnault , Zanello Marc , Gareton Albane , Dezamis Edouard , Dhermain Frédéric , Chretien Fabrice , Lechapt‐Zalcman Emmanuèle , Oppenheim Catherine , Pallud Johan , Varlet Pascale 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAssess the contribution of preoperative MRI data in improving grading of adult astrocytomas reclassified according to the WHO 2016 and cIMPACT‐NOW update 3. Retrospective unicentric cohort study of 679 adult patients treated for newly diagnosed diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors (January 2006–December 2016). We first systematically compared radiological (contrast enhancement present [CE+] vs. absent [CE−]) and histopathological findings (microvascular proliferation present [MPV+] vs. absent [MPV−]) to validate whether this comparing step of neoangiogenesis represents an efficient method to appreciate the representativity of the tumoral sampling. We focused on 629 cases of astrocytomas for radio‐histological integrated analyses. In 598 cases (95.1%), neoangiogenesis evaluated by MRI or histology (CE+/MPV+ or CE−/MPV−) was identical. For the CE+/MPV− and CE−/MPV+ groups (23 cases), the radio‐histological face‐to‐face evaluation allowed us to assess that for 13 cases (56.5%) the reason for this discrepancy was an undersampled tumor. We analyzed the group of CE+/MPV− (n = 8) and CE−/MPV+ (n = 2) in verified image‐guided tumoral samples. Finally, we identified three new prognostic subgroups for molecular glioblastomas: (1) “non‐representative sampling” (n = 9), (2) “Non neoangiogenic glioblastoma at the time of diagnosis, without contrast enhancement and microvascular proliferation” (n = 8), and (3) “contrast enhancing glioblastoma but without microvascular proliferation in a representative sample” (n = 4). Neoangiogenesis processes should be assessed to improve the prognosis accuracy of the current integrated diagnosis. We suggest adding imaging analyses during the neuropathological analysis of astrocytomas in adults.
Presenting problem profiles for adolescents with ADHD: differences by sex, age, race, and family adversity
Authors: Coxe Stefany , Sibley Margaret H. , Becker Stephen P. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundAdolescents with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience developmentally distinct challenges from children and adults with ADHD. Yet no work in this age group identifies treatment‐related phenotypes that can inform treatment matching, development of tailored treatments, and screening efforts.MethodThis study uses Latent Profile Analysis to detect unique presenting problem profiles among adolescents with ADHD and to test whether these profiles differ by key individual characteristics (age, sex, race, family adversity level). Participants were 854 ethnically diverse adolescents (ages 10–17) from the ADHD Teen Integrative Data Analysis Longitudinal (TIDAL) dataset who were assessed at clinical referral. Parent, adolescent, and teacher ratings, educational testing, and school records measured eight key presenting problems at intake.ResultsA three‐profile solution emerged. ADHD simplex (63.7%) was characterized by a mix of the ADHD‐Inattentive and ADHD‐Combined subtypes, moderate impairment levels, and infrequent comorbidities. ADHD + internalizing (11.4%) was characterized by higher likelihood of comorbid anxiety and/or depression. The disruptive/disorganized ADHD (24.9%) profile was characterized by severe organization, time management, and planning (OTP) problems, the ADHD‐Combined subtype, and frequent disruptive behavior at school. Age did not vary across these phenotypes. More females were present in the ADHD + internalizing phenotype; males were more likely to be found in the disruptive/disorganized ADHD phenotype. Higher family adversity and African American race were associated with the disruptive/disorganized ADHD phenotype.ConclusionsAdolescents with ADHD demonstrate varying presenting problem phenotypes that vary by sex, family adversity, and race/ethnicity. Consideration of these phenotypes may inform treatment matching and efforts to improve screening among under‐diagnosed groups.
Implant framework misfit: A systematic review on assessment methods and clinical complications
Authors: Pan Yu , Tsoi James K. H. , Lam Walter Y. H. , Pow Edmond H. N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe fit of implant‐supported prostheses is of prime importance for the long‐term success of implant therapy.PurposeThis systematic review aimed to evaluate recent evidence on current techniques for assessing implant‐framework misfit, its associated strain/stress, and whether these misfits are related to mechanical, biological, and clinical consequences.Materials and methodsAn electronic search for publications from January 2010 to October 2020 was performed using the Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases with combined keywords on implant‐framework misfit assessments and related clinical complications. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. After full‐text analyses, data extraction was implemented on current techniques of misfit assessment and the relationship between the misfit and the induced strain/stress.ResultsA total of 3 in vivo and 92 in vitro studies were selected, including 47 studies on quantifying the degree of implant‐framework misfit with dimensional techniques, 24 studies measuring misfit‐induced strain/stress with modeling techniques, and 24 studies using both methods. The technical details, advantages, and limitations of each technique were illustrated. The correlation between the implant‐framework misfit and the induced strain/stress has been revealed in vitro, while that with the biological complications and implant/prostheses failure was weak in clinical studies.ConclusionsDimensional and modeling techniques are available to measure the implant‐framework misfit. The passivity of implant‐supported fixed prostheses appeared related to the induced strain/stress, but not the clinical complications. Further studies combining three‐dimensional (3D) assessments using dimensional and modeling techniques was needed.
Total‐evidence backbone phylogeny of Aleocharinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
Authors: Orlov Igor , Leschen Richard A.B. , Żyła Dagmara , Solodovnikov Alexey 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhylogenetic studies of Aleocharinae rove beetles, arguably one of the least known and the largest insect lineages, are compromised by its enormous taxonomic diversity. DNA, a powerful resource for phylogenetics, is not available for numerous extant aleocharine species. We provide a broad comparative morphological study of Aleocharinae to frame molecular datasets for total‐evidence analyses. Using full‐body dissections and slide‐mounting techniques for light microscopy supplemented by scanning electron microscopy, we constructed a morphological matrix across all major taxa focused on non‐inquiline tribes of Aleocharinae and outgroups. Phylogenetic analyses of this matrix concatenated with earlier published DNA loci and including exemplar taxa lacking molecular data, resolved outstanding controversies and, among other novelties, showed that: the Habrocerinae + Trichophyinae clade is sister group to Aleocharinae; Hypocyphtini are sister to the rest of the “higher Aleocharinae”; Taxicerini are sister to Aleocharini; Hoplandriini and Placusini are nested within a polyphyletic Oxypodini; Hoplandriini are sister to Meoticina; and Actocharini are nested within Liparocephalini. For the first time, morphological synapomorphies are identified for some large clades of Aleocharinae. In addition, 1252 high‐resolution microphotographs of aleocharine structures are made available online with the entire matrix for future research.
Benefits of overwintering in the conservation breeding and translocation of a critically endangered amphibian
Authors: Calatayud Natalie E. , Hammond Talisin T. , Gardner Nicole R. , Curtis Michelle J. , Swaisgood Ronald R , Shier Debra M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAt high altitudes, amphibians brumate (over winter) during the winter months, an adaptation that provides protection from harsh weather and minimizes metabolic demand when food resources are scarce. However, brumation in ex situ populations is often avoided due to concerns regarding slow growth rates, compromised immunity, and increased morbidity, and to accelerate growth and sexual maturation. Running counter to these ideas is the hypothesis that husbandry that mimics the environmental conditions under which a species evolved may benefit animal health and reproduction. This may be particularly critical for animals slated for release into the wild. Here, we evaluated the effects of brumation on juvenile southern mountain yellow‐legged frogs (Rana muscosa) in a conservation breeding and release program. Growth measurements, (weight and snout‐urostyle length [SUL]), were examined in three experimental groups: Nonbrumated, 1 or 3‐month brumation. Postrelease survival was also analyzed and compared between nonbrumated and 3‐month brumated frogs. This study indicates that brumated R. muscosa juveniles grow to sizes and weights similar to controls within 3 to 4 months following brumation. Mark‐recapture models suggested that short‐term postrelease survival was not lower and in fact, may be higher in brumated compared to nonbrumated frogs. Results of this study indicate that although brumation entails short‐term costs to growth, this species possesses compensatory growth mechanisms following brumation which allow them to attain similar body size to nonbrumated conspecifics in time for the next winter and that for frogs destined for translocation to the wild, brumation could improve survival outcomes.
Development of the Fearless, Tearless Transition model of care for adolescents with an intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder with mental health comorbidities
Authors: Culnane Evelyn , Loftus Hayley , Efron Daryl , Williams Katrina , Di Iorio Nikki , Shepherd Rebecca , Marraffa Catherine , Lubitz Lionel , Antolovich Giuliana , Prakash Chidambaram 
Published: December 2020

AimFirst, to understand the barriers to achieving effective transition and the supports required from the perspective of parents and carers, adolescents with intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder and co‐existing mental health disorders (often termed ‘dual disability’), and those who provide services to this group. Second, to develop an informed model of shared care to improve the transition of adolescents with dual disabilities.MethodCarers and a young adult with a dual disability were surveyed about their experience of transition care. Other key stakeholders including paediatricians, general practitioners, and policy makers were also interviewed. These data informed the model of care.ResultsPaediatricians and general practitioners reported difficulties establishing working relationships to foster smooth transitions, and carers reported lacking a regular general practitioner with adequate expertise to care for people with dual disabilities. A process of shared care between paediatricians and general practitioners was developed and initiated by a dedicated transition manager, who assisted with care coordination and service linkages. Standardized clinical assessment tools were also introduced to determine patient and carer support needs.InterpretationThis study highlights the potential to improve transition outcomes for adolescents with dual disabilities and their carers through early transition planning, consistent methods of assessing patient and carer needs, and shared care.What this paper adds

Adolescents with co‐occurring disabilities require a collaborative health and disability service interface.

Fearless, Tearless Transition is a new approach to transitioning adolescents with dual disabilities from paediatric to adult care.

Carers of adolescents with dual disabilities require support navigating and negotiating services.

Engaging general practitioners and paediatricians in shared care early during the transition process is essential.
Clinical pointers from developing self‐awareness
Authors: Rochat Philippe 
Published: December 2020

Seven typical developmental steps are described as cardinal changes leading children from implicit embodied self‐awareness at birth, self‐consciousness by 2 years, and the adoption of an ethical stance toward others by the preschool years (3–5y). This development may be a useful benchmark for clinicians. In this review, some clinical pointers are outlined in relation to each developmental step, but with a particular focus on the testing of self‐awareness in children with developmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, and intellectual disability.What this paper adds

There are seven major steps in early self and social awareness.

Clinical pointers related to each of the seven steps are provided.
Financial inclusion and economic status of the states of India: An empirical evidence
Authors: Ghosh Shantanu , Sahu Tarak Nath 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFinancial inclusion, especially for a developing nation like India, plays a vital role in framing policies to ensure the development of the underprivileged. Applying the maximum–minimum technique for normalization and inverse of the Euclidean distance for consolidation, the present study attempts to construct an index of financial inclusion across all the states and union territories of India for 2003–2018. It further explores the effect of regional classifications and productivity on the achievement of financial inclusion. Analysis suggests Chandigarh be placed at the top in terms of mean financial inclusion scores for the study period. In addition, comparison among the regional classifications advocates for significant differences. Whereas the difference between the groups based on productivity remains nonsignificant. Theoretical propositions expect uniform achievement in financial inclusion among the states of a country. However, certain macroeconomic and other factors seem to reduce the esteemed equity.
Face‐like configurations modulate electrophysiological mismatch responses
Authors: Galigani Mattia , Ronga Irene , Bruno Valentina , Castellani Nicolò , Rossi Sebastiano Alice , Fossataro Carlotta , Garbarini Francesca 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe human face is one of the most salient stimuli in the environment. It has been suggested that even basic face‐like configurations (three dots composing a downward pointing triangle) may convey salience. Interestingly, stimulus salience can be signaled by mismatch detection phenomena, characterized by greater amplitudes of event‐related potentials (ERPs) in response to relevant novel stimulation as compared to non‐relevant repeated events. Here, we investigate whether basic face‐like stimuli are salient enough to modulate mismatch detection phenomena. ERPs are elicited by a pair of sequentially presented visual stimuli (S1‐S2), delivered at a constant 1‐s interval, representing either a face‐like stimulus (Upright configuration) or three neutral configurations (Inverted, Leftwards, and Rightwards configurations), that are obtained by rotating the Upright configuration along the three different axes. In pairs including a canonical face‐like stimulus, we observe a more effective mismatch detection mechanism, with significantly larger N270 and P300 components when S2 is different from S1 as compared to when S2 is identical to S1. This ERP modulation, not significant in pairs excluding face‐like stimuli, reveals that mismatch detection phenomena are significantly affected by basic face‐like configurations. Even though further experiments are needed to ascertain whether this effect is specifically elicited by face‐like configuration rather than by particular orientation changes, our findings suggest that face essential, structural attributes are salient enough to affect change detection processes.
Basomedial amygdala activity in mice reflects specific and general aversion uncontrollability
Authors: Ineichen Christian , Greter Alexandra , Baer Mischa , Sigrist Hannes , Sautter Eva , Sych Yaroslav , Helmchen Fritjof , Pryce Christopher R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLearning adaptive behaviour to control aversion is a major brain function. Detecting the absence of control is also important, although chronic uncontrollable aversion can impact maladaptively on stimulus processing in general. The mouse basomedial amygdala (BMA) contributes to aversion processing with high BMA activity associated with active behavioural responding. The overall aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between aversion (un)controllability, BMA activity and behaviour. Fibre photometry of GCaMP6‐expressing BMA neuron populations was applied in freely behaving adult male mice during exposure to mild electrical shocks, and effects of specific or general (un)controllability were investigated. In a discrete learned helplessness (LH) effect paradigm, mice underwent discrete sessions of pre‐exposure to either escapable shock (ES) or inescapable shock (IES) followed by an escape test. IES mice acquired fewer escape attempts than ES mice, and this co‐occurred with higher aversion‐related BMA activity in the IES group. After 30 days, ES and IES mice were allocated equally to either chronic social stress (CSS)—exposure to continuous uncontrollable social aversion—or control handling (CON), and on days 5 and 15 underwent an IES session. CSS mice made fewer escape attempts than CON mice, and this was now associated with lower aversion‐related BMA activity in the CSS group. These findings suggest that mouse BMA activity is higher when discrete aversion is uncontrollable but becomes lower following chronic uncontrollable aversion exposure. Therefore, BMA activity could be a neural marker of adaptive and maladaptive states consequent to specific and general uncontrollability, respectively.
Christ‐Centred Solidarity in a Time of Pandemic
Authors: Muers Rachel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe article proposes a reading of Colossians 1:15‐20 for the time of COVID‐19, arguing that the assertion that all things “hold together” in the incarnate Christ should lead Christians not only to practise solidarity with those most at risk, but also to evaluate societal and systemic responses to COVID‐19 in the light of their effects on the most vulnerable members of society. The article considers the use and misuse of the rhetoric of self‐sacrificial love or loving self‐sacrifice, and the use and misuse of the image of warfare – arguing that in both of these areas, Christian communities offer urgent challenges and correctives on the basis of their traditions of Christ‐centred solidarity.