bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Flow Nasal Cannula versus Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Critical Bronchiolitis: A Randomized Controlled Pilot
Authors: Cesar Regina Grigolli , Bispo Bibiane Ramos Pinheiro , Felix Priscilla Helena Costa Alves , Modolo Maria Carolina Caparica , Souza Andreia Aparecida Freitas , Horigoshi Nelson K. , Rotta Alexandre T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe conducted a randomized controlled pilot study in infants with critical bronchiolitis (n = 63) comparing high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC, n = 35) to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP, n = 28). The primary outcome was treatment failure, defined as the need for bilevel positive pressure ventilation or endotracheal intubation. Treatment failure occurred in 10 patients (35.7%) in the CPAP group and 13 patients (37.1%) in the HFNC group (p = 0.88). Pediatric intensive care unit length of stay was similar between the CPAP and HFNC groups (5 [4–7] days and 5 [4–8] days, p = 0.46, respectively). In this pilot study, treatment with HFNC resulted in a rate of treatment failure similar to CPAP.
Insights into the cognition of mood selection in L2 learners of
Spanish
Authors: Collentine Joseph , Collentine Karina 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

DeKeyser
(2007a) submits that second-language acquisition research
must identify the ideal task-design features for automatizing
grammatical abilities in practice. We therefore report the results
of a study that used meaningful computer assisted language learning
(CALL) practice to promote foreign-language learners’
proceduralization of Spanish mood-selection in relative clauses
(e.g., Busco un libro que es/sea muy interesante)
premised on skill acquisition theory (DeKeyser, 2007b). The results indicate
that, when CALL practice is deliberate, meaningful, and entails
metalinguistic feedback (Cerezo,
2010), learners process mood selection more fluently and
efficiently as practice progresses. The analysis also indicates that
elaborate practice activities (i.e., involving multiple features of
relative clauses) are more effective at promoting grammatical
proceduralization than simple activities.
The seem-class verb paradigm and restructuring in Romance
Authors: Cruz Flores Abel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper examines clitic climbing in contexts
featuring Spanish parecer ‘seem’, a verb that has
been claimed to lack restructuring altogether in Spanish (Gallego, 2009; Torrego, 1996; Zagona, 1982). The paper
identifies several contexts favoring clitic climbing with
parecer. In particular, 3rd person clitic
climbing is favored with psychological predicates and functional
elements such as negation, temporal priority adverbs, and left
dislocated elements. It is argued that Spanish
parecer is a bona fide example of restructuring
(R-parecer). This paper offers an account of
R-parecer in terms of Cinque’s (2004, 2006) approach to restructuring. Moreover,
this paper also investigates whether R-parecer is
subject to Cinque’s
(2004, 2006)
rigidly ordered functional hierarchy of the clause. It is shown that
Spanish parecer and French sembler
‘seem’ deviate from Cinque’s functional hierarchy. The paper
concludes that we must leave open the possibility that lexical verbs
may also give rise to restructuring in Romance.
The Progressive-to-Imperfective shift
Authors: Fuchs Martín , Deo Ashwini , Piñango Maria Mercedes 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Spanish has two markers (claimed to be in free
alternation) to convey that an event is in progress at reference
time: the Simple Present (e.g., canta, ‘sings’) and
the Present Progressive (e.g., está cantando, ‘is
singing’). Based on evidence from sentence
acceptability studies in three different Spanish dialects, we show
that the distribution of the two markers is not random, but
sensitive to contextual modulation. Specifically, results show that
the (ambiguous) Simple Present is more acceptable in contexts where
interlocutors share perceptual access to the event at issue.
Otherwise, participants favor the (unambiguous) Present Progressive.
We conclude that this variation reflects and is constrained by the
well-attested grammaticalization path in which
progressive markers gradually generalize to become imperfective
markers.
Demystifying Salvadoran [sθ]
Authors: Brogan Franny D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the Central American countries of El Salvador,
Honduras, and Nicaragua, /s/ not only weakens to [h] and [Ø] but is
variably produced as a voiceless approximant that is perceptually
similar to interdental [θ]. While this sound, which I refer to as
[sθ], has become a defining characteristic of these
dialects, little is known about its acoustic nature or what drives
its use linguistically. This paper aims to forge a more complete
understanding of this sound in Central America via an exploration of
these components in the Spanish of El Salvador. Acoustic and
sociophonetic analyses of [sθ] in the speech of 72
Salvadorans reveal that this sound can be situated on an
articulatory continuum between [s] and [h] and may be the result of
gestural undershoot within a framework of gradient consonant
lenition.
Subject-predicate code-switching
Authors: Koronkiewicz Bryan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
There is continued debate on what determines the
rule-governed behavior of intrasentential code-switching. Central to
this debate is whether it is essential to differentiate between the
languages involved, i.e., a matrix language and an
embedded language. In favor of such an approach
is Myers-Scotton’s
(1993, 2002)
Matrix Language Frame Model, whereas MacSwan’s (1999, 2014) Minimalist approach to
code-switching operates independently of such a notion. To compare
these two frameworks, a written Acceptability Judgment Task was
completed by highly proficient Spanish-English bilinguals. The
results suggest that the (un)grammaticality of the subject-predicate
switch in embedded contexts does not align with the predictions made
by the proposal by Jake
(1994), an analysis that operates under the Matrix
Language Frame Model. Proposals within the Minimalist approach to
code-switching, both van
Gelderen and MacSwan (2008) and González-Vilbazo and Koronkiewicz (2016),
however, are effective at predicting grammaticality.
The differing behavior of loanwords in the Spanish of technology
and of fashion and beauty
Authors: Morin Regina , Robles Damián 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This comparative study of loanwords in the language
of technology and of fashion and beauty in Spanish shows that their
behavior is starkly different in these semantic fields. Data from
Spanish language web pages show that lexical borrowing is more
frequent in fashion than in technology, borrowability of parts of
speech varies across these fields, technology loanwords are almost
exclusively Anglicisms but in fashion they come also from other
languages and have a more complex etymology, there is greater
morphological integration among technology than fashion loanwords,
and borrowing in technology is often accompanied by a kind of
metalinguistic commentary that reflects attitudes and beliefs that
is not seen in the fashion data.
Casting light on the Spanish creole debate
Authors: Sessarego Sandro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper provides a legal perspective on the
“Spanish Creole debate”, the debate concerning the paucity of
Spanish creoles in the Americas (Lipski 2005; McWhorter 2000). In so doing, it presents
the Legal Hypothesis of Creole Genesis (LHCG) (Sessarego 2015, 2017a) and tests it on Colombian Chocó, a
remote region, far away from urban centers and legal courts, where
law could hardly be enforced during the colonial period.
System-internal and system-external phonic expressivity
Authors: Joseph Brian D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The expressive function of language as realized
phonically is explored here through an examination of the major role
that affricates play in various Balkan languages, but especially
Greek and Albanian, in marking words as showing emotion, affect,
color, and similar sorts of expressive dimensions. Moreover, it is
argued that language contact is an important causal factor here, in
part through the enhancement of already existing tendencies in the
languages in question and in part through the recognition that
system-external elements can have an “exotic” character and thus can
be especially suitable for participating in phonic expressivity.
Language that thinks us
Authors: Moyle Julian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
My study directs attention to a text that would at first
seem unpromising for an investigation into iconicity given that it
is produced by an arbitrary constraint: the requirement that each
chapter restricts itself to the use of a single vowel. I offer
firstly a close analysis of Chapter E of Christian Bök’s
Eunoia. What is overtly a retelling of
The Iliad is read as an allegory about language
and about notions of iconicity and arbitrariness. The investigation
then goes on to explore how the use of the lipogrammatic constraints
lead to the production of a set of concentrated ‘grammars’. Each
‘grammar’ is shown to generate a distinctive conceptual framework
even though this ‘thinking’ is independent of human agency and is
produced by the arbitrary constraint. I conclude by considering how
this affects our perspectives on iconicity and on language.
Levels of iconicity in classical and modern English-language
haiku
Authors: Tabakowska Elżbieta 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter analyzes haiku poems
written in English, focusing on iconicity as a property of the
genre, based on its formal and semantic restrictions. Iconic miming
is argued to be an inherent aspect of poetics and Langacker’s
theoretical concept of dimensions of imagery in his cognitive theory
of language and grammar is presented as an instrument of analysis
for the selected poems. The fundamental assumption which underlies
the cognitive model of grammar is that language offers to its users
alternate ways of construing conceived situations for purposes of
linguistic expression, with individual parameters of meaning
construal making up a set of dimensions of imagery. Apart from
phonemic iconicity, iconic graphic representation and synesthesia,
the author illustrates the poets’ use, and the readers’ potential
interpretations, of cases of iconicity stemming from such aspects of
imagery as the grammatical distinction between things and relations,
as well as the oppositions between definiteness and indefiniteness,
figure and ground, and temporal and atemporal relations. In
conclusion, the author states that though the cognitive theory of
construal was formulated as part of a theory of language, the model
clearly finds direct application to the analysis of literary texts,
with the genre of haiku providing a salient
instance.
Salman Rushdie’s iconic syntax and its translation into
French
Authors: Utudji Mariane 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Among the varied stylistic liberties that characterise
Salman Rushdie’s baroque writing style, two opposite syntactic
peculiarities stand out. The ‘syntax of continual flow’, which is
achieved through psychological sequencing and juxtaposition, tends to mimic the
protagonist’s inner state, while the ‘syntax of restraint’, which
consists of very short and elliptical constructions, reflects the
tense atmosphere of the depicted scene. Both mark exophoric iconicity in that they mirror the diegesis of Rushdie’s
narratives. This paper aims to discover how this diagrammatic
iconicity can be translated into French. It consists in an analysis
of two selected extracts from Midnight’s
Children (1981), Rushdie’s second novel, and their French
translations by Jean Guiloineau. It turns out that, owing to the
discrepancies between the English and the French syntactic systems
and constraints, the translator cannot simply mimic the syntax of
the original text. Yet its iconicity can be preserved through an
approach based on custom-made strategies. Rushdie’s iconic syntax of
continual flow can only be preserved if the translator compensates
for its lack of punctuation marks by resorting to small syntactic
and semantic modifications aiming to ensure that his version is
comprehensible enough. As for the syntax of restraint, although its
main device, the zero article, generally cannot be retained in
French, the translator may manage to recreate its iconicity through
an appropriate and consistent combination of determiners.
In the kingdom of shadows
Authors: Sadowski Piotr 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The essay identifies some of the cognitive processes
underlying the appeal of photography and film. Unlike painting or
drawing, the photographic media are primarily indexical, with the
implied physical connection between object and image. Like painting
however, photographic media are also iconic, in the sense of
perceived resemblance between object and its representation. Also,
the restricted angle of vision caused by the photographic/cinematic
frame privileges the observer, creating composition and semantic
tensions between objects within the frame. These properties of the
photographic media are cognitively supported by human instinctive
alertness to indexical signs and moving objects, by the assumption
of identity between objects that happen to be similar, and by innate
preferences for viewpoints that allow the observer the advantage of
seeing without being seen. It is the evolutionary stability of these
cognitive dispositions that gives photography and film their
universal appeal.
Resemblance metaphors and embodiment as iconic markers in medical
understanding and communication by non-experts
Authors: Tercedor Sánchez Maribel , Ramos-Bossini Antonio Jesús Láinez 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper analyses resemblance metaphors as a cognitive
device that can enhance understanding of medical realities,
upholding their relevance in terminological work. It deals with
metaphorical images as facilitators of comprehension of medical
entities, from the perspective of embodiment. A twofold study was
carried out: a spontaneous production task in which drawings of
depression were made, and resemblance metaphors analyzed, and a
corpus-based analysis of embodied views of depression. The drawings
are made through embodied representations of concepts or perceptual
symbolic simulations having their parallels in language use as
observed in the CanFor corpus of online discussions about
cancer.
The iconic, indexical, and symbolic in language
Authors: Nöth Winfried 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper examines diverse forms of overlap between
iconic, indexical, and symbolic signs in language. Against linguists
who postulate such hybrids as “iconic symbols” or “indexical
symbols” in language, it argues that in such cross-classifications
of verbal signs, symbols are confounded with legisigns. On the other
hand, the paper also shows how symbols may include elements of
iconicity as well as elements of indexicality. Evidence is given
from examples of onomatopoeic words, diagrammatic icons, and proper
names. Furthermore, the paper points out the necessity of
distinguishing between the nature of verbal signs as such and the
one of the signs of their interpretants. It shows how verbal signs
that are predominantly symbols (as signs) are mentally interpreted
as icons (mental images) and indices (that refer to previous
situations of experience).
Computational phraseology and translation studies
Authors: Colson Jean-Pierre 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The notion of phraseology is now used across a wide range of
linguistic disciplines but it is conspicuously absent from most studies in
the area of Translation Studies (e.g. Delisle, 2003; Baker and
Saldanha, 2011). The paradox is that many practical difficulties
encountered by translators and interpreters are directly related to
phraseology in the broad sense (Colson,
2008, 2013), and this
can also clearly be seen in the failure of machine translation systems to
deal efficiently with the translation of phraseological units (PUs).
We argue that phraseology and translation studies have much to
gain from cross fertilisation, because both disciplines are regularly
criticised for their lack of coherent terminological description and for the
insufficient number of reproducible experiments they involve.
Decoding phraseology in the source text is far from easy for
translators and interpreters, all the more so as they are usually not native
speakers of the source language. Finding a natural formulation in the target
language and avoiding translationese requires an excellent
mastery of the phraseology of the target language. Even experienced
professionals sometimes fail to detect the fixed or semi-fixed character of
a source text construction. We argue that algorithms derived from text
mining and information retrieval techniques can be efficient and
(computationally) cost-effective in order to build up unfiltered collections
of recurrent fixed or semi-fixed phrases, from which translators could gain
information about the number of PUs in the source text. Such an algorithm
has been proposed in Colson (2016)
and has been implemented in a web application enabling translators and
language professionals to automatically retrieve most PUs from a source
text. Other tools should be developed in order to bridge the gap between the
findings of computational phraseology and the practice of translation and
interpreting.
What matters more: The size of the corpora or their quality?
Authors: Mitkov Ruslan , Taslimipoor Shiva 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study investigates (and compares) the impact of the size and
the similarity/quality of comparable corpora on the specific task of
extracting translation equivalents of verb-noun collocations from such
corpora. The comprehensive evaluation of different configurations of English
and Spanish corpora sheds some light on the more general and perennial
question: what matters more – the quantity or quality of corpora?
Empirical variability of Italian multiword expressions as a useful
feature for their categorisation
Authors: Squillante Luigi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In contemporary linguistics the definition of those entities
which are referred to as multiword expressions (MWEs) remains controversial.
It is intuitively clear that some words, when appearing together, have some
“special bond” in terms of meaning (e.g. black hole, mountain chain), or
lexical choice (e.g. strong tea, to fill a form), contrary to free
combinations. Nevertheless, the great variety of features and anomalous
behaviours that these expressions exhibit makes it difficult to organise
them into categories and gives rise to a great amount of different and
sometimes overlapping terminology.
So far, most approaches in corpus linguistics have focused on
trying to automatically extract MWEs from corpora by using statistical
association measures, while theoretical aspects related to their definition,
typology and behaviours arising from quantitative corpus-based studies have
not been widely explored, especially for languages with a rich morphology
and relatively free word order, such as Italian.
This contribution attests that a systematic analysis of the
empirical behaviour of Italian MWEs in large corpora, with respect to
several parameters, such as syntactic and lexical variations, is useful for
outlining a categorisation of the expressions in homogeneous sets which
approximately correspond to what is intuitively known as multiword units
(“polirematiche” in the Italian lexicographic tradition) and lexical
collocations. The importance of this kind of approach is that the resulting
categorisation of MWEs is grounded on empirical data rather than relying on
intuitive and not-always-coherent linguistic definitions.
The variational features taken into account are (1) the
possibility for the expressions to be syntactically transformed, and (2) the
possibility for one of the component to be replaced with a synonym. These
features can be automatically and quantitatively investigated using
ad hoc designed tools, whose methodology is fully
explained, if an annotated corpus and a list of expressions are provided. It
is possible to show that the kind of attested variations and the magnitude
of variation appear highly correlated to the grammatical structure of a
given phrase, indicating that the bond between the components for a
multiword unit or a lexical collocation can be formed by activating
different kinds of restrictions, depending on the considered grammatical
pattern.
How context determines meaning
Authors: Hanks Patrick 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
It is an extraordinary fact that, although most speakers and
writers of the English language (or, we may presume, any other language)
believe that they are capable of expressing any meaning that they want to
with considerable precision, the behaviour of the words they use is highly
variable, with much variation in phraseology as well as subtle semantic
distinctions. Even more extraordinary is the fact that only some of the
logically predictable variants of any given phrase are accepted by native
speakers as idiomatic.
This chapter shows how meanings are associated with
phraseological norms rather than with words in isolation. It also
illustrates the phenomenon of alternation among phraseological norms and
shows how phraseological norms are not merely conformed to, but also
exploited creatively in ordinary language use. Underlying this paper is the
proposition that words in isolation do not have a determinable meaning per
se. Instead they have meaning potential, different facets of
which are activated in different contexts.
By detailed corpus pattern analysis of the verb
blow, which typically expresses the causation of
movement, we explore the relationship between core meaning and a rich set of
patterns of idiomatic phraseology – phrasal verbs, idioms, and proverbs.
Detecting semantic difference
Authors: Taslimipoor Shiva , Corpas Pastor Gloria , Rohanian Omid 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Semantic discrimination among concepts is a daily exercise for
humans when using natural languages. For example, given the words,
airplane and car, the word
flying can easily be thought and used as an attribute
to differentiate them. In this study, we propose a novel automatic approach
to detect whether an attribute word represents the difference between two
given words. We exploit a combination of knowledge-based and co-occurrence
features (collocations) to capture the semantic difference between two words
in relation to an attribute. The features are scores that are defined for
each pair of words and an attribute, based on association measures, n-gram
counts, word similarity, and Concept-Net relations. Based on these features
we designed a system that run several experiments on a SemEval-2018 dataset.
The experimental results indicate that the proposed model performs better,
or at least comparable with, other systems evaluated on the same data for
this task.