bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching methodologies for improving dental students’ implementation of ergonomic operator and patient positioning
Authors: Faust Andrea M. , Ahmed Sumitha N. , Johnston Lisa B. , Harmon Jennifer B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) related to operator and patient positioning are prevalent among dentists. Knowledge of correct operator and patient positioning promotes safe working postures that can prevent the development of MSDs. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of inter‐professional teaching on the application of those skills associated with correct operator and patient positioning in dental settings.MethodsA randomized case‐control study was conducted with 83 first‐year dental students at the UNC—Chapel Hill Adams School of Dentistry in 2019. Forty‐one (n = 41) of the students solicited for the project participated. All 83 students in the cohort participated in a didactic lecture on ergonomics and correct operator and patient positioning, along with a pre‐clinical practice session with peer patients. During the clinical practice session, students in the case group received an additional 10 minutes of 1‐on‐1 instruction by a trained physical therapy student or dental faculty member. Two weeks later, the final cohort (n = 41) was assessed by 2 faculty members using a scored rubric on operator and patient positioning for restorative work on an anterior tooth, posterior mandibular tooth, and posterior maxillary tooth.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups with respect to the composite ergonomic positioning score (P = 0.006), operator shoulder abduction position (P = 0.03), and lateral flexion of the spinal column (P = 0.02).ConclusionsHands on instruction with physical therapists and trained dental faculty positively affects ergonomic compliance and provides students with tailored feedback that can be applied to clinical practice.
Sexually transmitted infection screening, prevalence and incidence among South African men and transgender women who have sex with men enrolled in a combination HIV prevention cohort study: the Sibanye Methods for Prevention Packages Programme (MP3) project
Authors: Jones Jeb , Sanchez Travis H , Dominguez Karen , Bekker Linda‐Gail , Phaswana‐Mafuya Nancy , Baral Stefan D , McNaghten AD , Kgatitswe Lesego B , Valencia Rachel , Yah Clarence S , Zahn Ryan , Siegler Aaron J , Sullivan Patrick S 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionMen who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) experience high incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI), and data are needed to understand risk factors for STIs in these populations. The Sibanye Health Project was conducted in Cape Town and Port Elizabeth, South Africa from 2015 to 2016 to develop and test a package of HIV prevention interventions for MSM and TGW. We describe the incidence, prevalence and symptoms of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhea (NG) and syphilis observed during the study.MethodsParticipants completed HIV testing at baseline. All participants who were HIV negative were followed prospectively. Additionally, a sample of participants identified as living with HIV at baseline was selected to be followed prospectively so that the prospective cohort was approximately 20% HIV positive; the remaining participants identified as HIV positive at baseline were not followed prospectively. Prospective participants were followed for 12 months and returned for clinic‐based STI/HIV testing and assessment of STI symptoms at months 6 and 12. Additional HIV/STI testing visits could be scheduled at participant request.ResultsFollowing consent, a total of 292 participants attended a baseline visit (mean age = 26 years), and 201 were enrolled for the 12‐month prospective study. Acceptance of screening for syphilis and urethral NG/CT was near universal, though acceptance of screening for rectal NG/CT was lower (194/292; 66%). Prevalence of urethral CT and NG at baseline was 10% (29/289) and 3% (8/288) respectively; incidence of urethral CT and NG was 12.8/100 person‐years (PY) and 7.1/100 PY respectively. Prevalence of rectal CT and NG at baseline was 25% (47/189) and 16% (30/189) respectively; incidence of rectal CT and NG was 33.4/100 PY and 26.8/100 PY respectively. Prevalence of syphilis at baseline was 17% (45/258) and incidence was 8.2/100 PY. 91%, 95% and 97% of diagnosed rectal NG/CT, urethral NG/CT and syphilis infections, respectively, were clinically asymptomatic.ConclusionsPrevalence and incidence of urethral and rectal STIs were high among these South African MSM and TGW, and were similar to rates in other settings in the world. Clinical symptoms from these infections were rare, highlighting limitations of syndromic surveillance and suggesting the need for presumptive testing and/or treatment to address the STI epidemic among MSM/TGW in South Africa.
Ketogenic diet in a patient with refractory status epilepticus due to POLG mutation
Authors: Koessler Miriam , Haberlandt Edda , Karall Daniela , Baumann Matthias , Höller Alexander , Scholl‐Bürgi Sabine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present a 16‐year‐old female patient with POLG syndrome, treated with ketogenic diet after she presented with refractory status epilepticus. Initially, benefit of the ketogenic diet could be seen, but the outcome was fatal, with death 3 months after presenting symptoms. Additionally, we give a literature review of the utility of ketogenic diet in patients with POLG disease.
The use of virtual reality computed tomography simulation within a medical imaging and a radiation therapy undergraduate programme
Authors: Gunn Therese , Rowntree Pamela , Starkey Deborah , Nissen Lisa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe use of virtual reality (VR) simulation in the education of healthcare professionals has expanded into the field of medical radiation sciences. The purpose of this research was to report on the student experience of the integration of VR education for both medical imaging (MI) and radiation therapy (RT) students in learning computed tomography (CT) scanning.MethodsA survey was performed to evaluate students’ perceived confidence in performing diagnostic and planning CT scans in the clinical environment following VR CT simulation tutorials. Students from both MI and RT participated in providing quantitative and qualitative data.ResultsThe MI students (n = 28) and RT students (n = 38) provided quantitative results linking their engagement (perceived usefulness, ease of use, enjoyment) with their perceived confidence. The 15 (54%) MI students who recorded a maximum engagement score had a mean confidence score 1.02 higher than the students not fully engaged (Fisher’s exact test 14.549, P = 0.00). The results from the RT cohort revealed 68% of students agreed or strongly agreed to the addition of VR CT simulation helping in the learning of CT.ConclusionIt can be concluded that the integration of innovative learning opportunities such as VR CT simulation has the potential to increase student confidence and improve student preparation for the clinical environment.
Performance analysis of functionalized silicene nanoribbon‐based photodetector
Authors: Kharadi Mubashir A. , Malik Gul‐Faroz A. , Shah Khurshed A. , Khanday Farooq A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this work, performance analysis of functionalized silicene nanoribbons‐ (SiNRs) based photodetector is evaluated using Atomistix Tool kit software. The functionalized SiNRs were obtained by co‐decorating them with lithium atoms on one side and chlorine atoms on the other side. The performance of photodetector is analyzed in terms of spectral response, responsivity and detectivity, which are found to be <450 nm, 8.33 × 103 AW−1, and 4.94 × 1012 Jones, respectively. In addition, the calculated results were compared with modern photodetectors based on other materials. The comparative study reveals that the proposed device offers better performance than these photodetectors. Therefore, the modeled device will find a number of potential applications in optoelectronics.
Assessment of MME methods for seasonal prediction using WMO LC‐LRFMME hindcast dataset
Authors: Kim Gayoung , Ahn Joong‐Bae , Kryjov Vladimir N. , Lee Woo‐Seop , Kim Dong‐Joon , Kumar Arun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDifferent multi‐model ensemble (MME) methods were investigated for their potential to improve the skill of 1‐month lead seasonal forecast products, based on six models from Global Producing Centers (GPCs) for long‐range forecasts (LRFs) designated by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). We first compared the hindcast performance of seven MME methods (simple composite method, SCM; simple linear regression, SLR; multiple linear regression, MLR; best selection anomaly, BSA; multilayer perceptron, MLP; radial basis function, RBF; genetic algorithm, GA) for the global 2‐m temperature and precipitation for 1983–2009. The reference datasets for 2‐m temperature and precipitation are the ERA‐Interim from European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) for hindcast verification. For real‐time verification, the data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis 1 for 2‐m temperature and climate anomaly monitoring system and outgoing longwave radiation precipitation index (CAMS OPI) for precipitation are used. According to our analysis, GA was the most successful MME method in predicting both the global 2‐m temperature and precipitation for all four seasons. GA also showed good performance in predicting the 2‐m temperature and precipitation over the 13 regional climate outlook forum (RCOF) regions in all four seasons, but the range in performance among the RCOF regions varied significantly. In a real‐time forecast period (MAM 2012‐DJF 2015/16), GA outperformed in terms of time‐averaged anomaly pattern correlation coefficient (ACC) and root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) of the 2‐m temperature, although the forecast skill difference (0.02) between GA and SCM was not statistically significant. For the precipitation, both SCM and GA also reveal better performance than other MME methods. During the very strong El Niño event in 2015, individual models show better performance than other years. Nonetheless, these two MME methods outperform all the individual models.
Assessment of distal radioulnar joint stability in healthy subjects: Changes with dominant hand, sex, and age
Authors: Yuine Hiroshi , Yoshii Yuichi , Iwai Koichi , Ishii Tomoo , Shiraishi Hideki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to elucidate the differences in distal radioulnar stability in dominant/nondominant hand, sex, and age. Bilateral wrists of 60 healthy subjects were evaluated using force‐monitoring ultrasonography. This apparatus was developed to apply cyclic compression and measure applied force to displacement during an ultrasound exam. The transducer was placed on the dorsal side of the distal radioulnar joint, and the center of the ulnar head was displayed on the monitor. The distance between the dorsal surface of the distal radius and the ulnar head was measured at an initial and at a pressed‐down position. The radioulnar displacement, applied force to displacement, and displacement‐to‐force ratio were evaluated. The results were compared between the dominant and nondominant hands, and between males and females, and among different age groups. There were no significant differences in the parameters between the dominant and nondominant hands. The applied force to displacement was significantly greater in the male group compared with the female group. There were significant effects for the different age groups in all parameters (displacement: F = 3.67, p = .008; applied‐force: F = 3.08, p = .019; displacement‐to‐force ratio: F = 4.66, p = .002). Our results indicated that the stability of distal radioulnar joint differed depending on age and sex. Age and sex should be considered when assessing distal radioulnar joint stability.
Validation of the laser‐induced fluorescence effect of aromatic amino acids, protoporphyrin IX, and tetracycline hydrochloride on hydroxyapatite
Authors: Zhang Kainan , Cai Xinjie , Guo Yaru , Liu Chuanzi , Jiang Tao , Wang Yining 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChanges in mineral content (mainly phosphate) are important for detecting primary dental caries. However, so far, there has not been a device that can provide detailed information on the changes in organic and inorganic content of dental caries during the caries development and sensitively found early dental caries. DIAGNOdent has been widely used as a laser device for detecting dental caries, but it does not provide information about dental inorganics. Our experiment synthesised hydroxyapatite‐aromatic amino acids (HA‐AAAs), protoporphyrin IX (HA‐PPIX), and tetracycline hydrochloride (HA‐TCN) complexes as a simple biological mineralization model related to teeth in vitro and achieved single‐factor control to avoid impurity interference so that the test results are accurate. For the first time, Raman and DIAGNOdent were used to detect HA‐AAAs, HA‐PPIX, and HA‐TCN and determine the fluorescence characteristics of each organic substance. Our results show that Raman results are consistent with DIAGNOdent readings when detecting complexes and that Raman relative intensity (RRI) calculated by Raman spectroscopy can directly reflect the phosphate content in the sample. This implies that Raman is possible to replace DIAGNOdent as a novel and more accurate caries detector after conversion of the spectrum results.
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for melanoma
Authors: Lee Ann Y. , Brady Mary S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of immunotherapy, especially checkpoint blockade inhibitors, in the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma. More recently, improvements in survival have been reported in patients with high‐risk resectable melanoma when these agents are used in the adjuvant setting. Increasing interest in neoadjuvant immunotherapy for high‐risk resectable melanoma has been fueled by early reports of significant efficacy. We review the rationale and data behind utilizing neoadjuvant immunotherapy.
Accuracy of Ultrasound to Predict Neonatal Birth Weight Among Fetuses With Gastroschisis
Authors: Fisher James E. , Tolcher Mary C. , Shamshirsaz Alireza A. , Espinoza Jimmy , Sanz Cortes Magdalena , Donepudi Roopali , Belfort Michael A. , Nassr Ahmed A. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo determine the accuracy of ultrasound estimation of fetal weight among fetuses with gastroschisis and how the diagnosis of fetal growth restriction (FGR) affects the timing of delivery.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study including all fetuses with a diagnosis of gastroschisis at our institution from November 2012 through October 2017. We excluded multiple gestations, pregnancies with major structural or chromosomal abnormalities, and those for which prenatal and postnatal follow‐up were unavailable. Performance characteristics of ultrasound to predict being small for gestational age (SGA) were calculated for the first and last ultrasound estimations of fetal weight.ResultsOur cohort included 75 cases of gastroschisis. At the initial ultrasound estimation, 15 of 58 (25.9%) fetuses met criteria for FGR; 48 of 70 (68.6%) met criteria at the time of the last ultrasound estimation (median, 34.7 weeks). Cesarean delivery was performed for 37 of 75 (49.3%), with FGR and concern for fetal distress as the indication for delivery in 17 of 37 (45.9%). Only 6 of 17 (35.3%) of the neonates born by cesarean delivery for an indication of FGR and fetal distress were SGA. The initial ultrasound designation of FGR corresponded to SGA at birth in 8 of 15 (53.3%), whereas the last ultrasound estimation corresponded to SGA in 17 of 48 (35.4%). The initial ultrasound estimation agreed with the last ultrasound estimation before delivery with the diagnosis of FGR in 13 of 15 (86.7%).ConclusionsUltrasound in the third trimester was sensitive but had a low positive predictive value and low accuracy for the diagnosis of SGA at birth for fetuses with gastroschisis. A large proportion of fetuses were born by cesarean delivery with indications related to FGR or fetal concerns.
Mechanical Recycling of Packaging Plastics: A Review
Authors: Schyns Zoé O. G. , Shaver Michael P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe current global plastics economy is highly linear, with the exceptional performance and low carbon footprint of polymeric materials at odds with dramatic increases in plastic waste. Transitioning to a circular economy that retains plastic in its highest value condition is essential to reduce environmental impacts, promoting reduction, reuse, and recycling. Mechanical recycling is an essential tool in an environmentally and economically sustainable economy of plastics, but current mechanical recycling processes are limited by cost, degradation of mechanical properties, and inconsistent quality products. This review covers the current methods and challenges for the mechanical recycling of the five main packaging plastics: poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and poly(vinyl chloride) through the lens of a circular economy. Their reprocessing induced degradation mechanisms are introduced and strategies to improve their recycling are discussed. Additionally, this review briefly examines approaches to improve polymer blending in mixed plastic waste streams and applications of lower quality recyclate.
Biocompatible Polymer Nanocomposites Integrating Magnetic Polyoxomolybdates for Enhanced MRI and On‐Site Activated Photothermal Properties
Authors: Zhou Tingting , Wan Guofeng , Kong Xueping , Li Bao , Wu Lixin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work reports the ionic composition of a PEGylated and chemically crosslinked polyethyleneimine with a gadolinium‐coordinated polyoxomolybdate cluster, K17[Gd(P2Mo17O61)2], via electrostatic interaction. The prepared composites form nanoobjects with an average size of ≈27 nm at dried state and maintain structural stability in aqueous solution. While the biocompatibility on HeLa cells is demonstrated, the polymer‐shielded multifunctional nanoplatform shows both the combined magnetic resonance imaging and redox‐triggered photothermal conversion effect. As a contrast agent, the T1‐weighed relaxivity reaches up to 22.77 mm−1 s−1. The photothermal conversion of the prepared composites can be aroused by yielding a broad near infrared (NIR) adsorption through on‐site reduction of the glutathione that is enriched in the tumor environment. The high efficiency ≈61.0% under the irradiation of 808 nm NIR laser illustrates a distinct treatment capability according to cell counting Kit‐8 assay while the obvious inhibition for the growth of tumor cells is observed.
Pallidal Connectivity Profiling of Stimulation‐Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Tsuboi Takashi , Charbel Marc , Peterside David T. , Rana Mohit , Elkouzi Ahmad , Deeb Wissam , Ramirez‐Zamora Adolfo , Lemos Melo Lobo Jofili Lopes Janine , Almeida Leonardo , Zeilman Pamela R. , Eisinger Robert S. , Foote Kelly D. , Okromelidze Lela , Grewal Sanjeet S. , Okun Michael S. , Middlebrooks Erik H. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe aim of this study is to identify anatomical regions related to stimulation‐induced dyskinesia (SID) after pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and to analyze connectivity associated with SID.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed the clinical and imaging data of PD patients who experienced SID during the monopolar review after pallidal DBS. We analyzed structural and functional connectivity using normative connectivity data with the volume of tissue activated (VTA) modeling. Each contact was assigned to either that producing SID (SID VTA) or that without SID (non‐SID VTA). Structural and functional connectivity was compared between SID and non‐SID VTAs. “Optimized VTAs” were also estimated using the DBS settings at 6 months after implantation.ResultsOf the 68 consecutive PD patients who underwent pallidal implantation, 20 patients (29%) experienced SID. SID VTAs were located more dorsally and anteriorly compared with non‐SID and optimized VTAs and were primarily in the dorsal globus pallidus internus (GPi) and dorsal globus pallidus externus (GPe). SID VTAs showed significantly higher structural connectivity than non‐SID VTAs to the associative cortex and supplementary motor area/premotor cortex (P < 0.0001). Simultaneously, non‐SID VTAs showed greater connectivity to the primary sensory cortex, cerebellum, subthalamic nucleus, and motor thalamus (all P < 0.0004). Functional connectivity analysis showed significant differences between SID and non‐SID VTAs in multiple regions, including the primary motor, premotor, and prefrontal cortices and cerebellum.ConclusionSID VTAs were primarily in the dorsal GPi/GPe. The connectivity difference between the motor‐related cortices and subcortical regions may explain the presence and absence of SID. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Screening lncRNAs with diagnostic and prognostic value for human stomach adenocarcinoma based on machine learning and mRNA‐lncRNA co‐expression network analysis
Authors: Li Qun , Liu Xiaofeng , Gu Jia , Zhu Jinming , Wei Zhi , Huang Hua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundStomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), is one of the most lethal malignancies around the world. The aim of this study was to find the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) acting as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of STAD.MethodsBase on TCGA dataset, the differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were identified between STAD and normal tissue. The machine learning and survival analysis were performed to evaluate the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of lncRNAs for STAD. We also build the co‐expression network and functional annotation. The expression of selected candidate mRNAs and lncRNAs were validated by Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and GSE27342 dataset. GSE27342 dataset were also to perform gene set enrichment analysis.ResultsA total of 814 DEmRNAs and 106 DElncRNAs between STAD and normal tissue were obtained. FOXD2‐AS1, LINC01235, and RP11‐598F7.5 were defined as optimal diagnostic lncRNA biomarkers for STAD. The area under curve (AUC) of the decision tree model, random forests model, and support vector machine (SVM) model were 0.797, 0.981, and 0.983, and the specificity and sensitivity of the three model were 75.0% and 97.1%, 96.9% and 96%, and 96.9% and 97.1%, respectively. Among them, LINC01235 was not only an optimal diagnostic lncRNA biomarkers, but also related to survival time. The expression of three DEmRNAs (ESM1, WNT2, and COL10A1) and three optimal diagnostic lncRNAs biomarkers (FOXD2‐AS1, RP11‐598F7.5, and LINC01235) in qRT‐PCR validation was were consistent with our integrated analysis. Except for FOXD2‐AS1, ESM1, WNT2, COL10A1, and LINC01235 were upregulated in STAD, which was consistent with our integration results. Gene set enrichment analysis results indicated that DNA replication, Cell cycle, ECM‐receptor interaction, and P53 signaling pathway were four significantly enriched pathways in STAD.ConclusionOur study identified three DElncRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers of STAD. Among them, LINC01235 also was a prognostic lncRNA biomarkers.
Digitalisierung ‐‐ Perspektiven für den Chemieunterricht
Authors: Huwer Johannes , Banerji Amitabh , Thyssen Christoph 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSensoren im Smartphone, Erklärvideos, Formel‐Apps oder virtuelle Labore reichern Lernen und Experimentieren in den Naturwissenschaften an. Digitale Medien dienen als Lernwerkzeuge oder werden selbst zum Lerngegenstand. Allerdings erfordert die Digitalisierung des Chemieunterrichts nicht nur Geräte und Software an den Schulen, sondern auch didaktische Konzepte für die Aus‐ und Fortbildung der Lehrkräfte.