bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety assessment of homeopathic medicines
Authors: Colalto Cristiano 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRegulatory agencies have to ensure the end‐user safety of botanically derived homeopathic medicines prepared with diluted starting materials derived even from toxic plants. In the case of plant‐derived homeopathic products, assessment must consider the particular characteristics of an extract and its component molecules, even if diluted. The identification and quantification of these molecules have a crucial role in risk assessment, as it allows complete toxicological evaluation in a regulatory perspective. Different results can be achieved using different approaches and references supported by the same regulatory framework, as different methods of preparation used, assays and test analysis performed in compliance with different referent pharmacopoeias. All these facts can introduce a bias in the safety assessment and the paradoxical outcome for homeopathic Adonis vernalis underlines the need for caution. The case also demonstrates the relevance of considering the analytical method for assessment of all herbal medicinal products or herbal supplements, with the purpose of finding the total amount of toxicants as a good approach.
Effectiveness of strontium‐doped brushite, bovine‐derived hydroxyapatite and synthetic hydroxyapatite in rabbit sinus augmentation with simultaneous implant installation
Authors: Lu Da‐Zhuang , Zhang Yan‐Bo , Dong Wei , Bi Wen‐Juan , Feng Xiao‐Jie , Wen Li‐Ming , Sun Hong , Chen Hui , Zang Lu‐Yang , Qi Meng‐Chun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVarious bone substitutes have been applied in sinus augmentation (SA) to overcome insufficient bone height at the posterior maxilla region caused by pneumatized sinus and severe alveolar bone resorption after teeth loss. However, their effectiveness in SA needs to be further elucidated. In this study, strontium‐doped brushite (Sr‐DCPD), a new bone substitute, together with bovine‐derived hydroxyapatite (bHA) and synthetic hydroxyapatite (sHA) was used in rabbit maxillary SA with simultaneous implant installation. The sinus space‐keeping capacity, resorption rate, osteoconductivity, and mechanical properties of regenerated bone, were evaluated by micro‐computed tomography (CT), histological analysis, and mechanical testing. Sr‐DCPD exhibited the best osteoconductivity and new bone formation (<4 weeks), but its final bone regeneration and removal torque of implants at week 12 were the lowest, mainly due to its poor space‐keeping capacity and fast resorption. bHA exhibited the best space‐keeping capacity and slowest resorption rate, but relative lower final bone volume and mechanical properties, while sHA showed good space‐keeping capacity, slower resorption rate, and the best final bone formation and mechanical properties. sHA was most effective for SA and bHA was also an acceptable bone substitute; however, Sr‐DCPD was least effective and not suitable in SA by itself.
Circular RNA circ_0011269 sponges miR‐122 to regulate RUNX2 expression and promotes osteoporosis progression
Authors: Xu Xiqiang , Chen Yuan , Tan Bingyi , Wang Dachuan , Yuan Zenong , Wang Feng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of noncoding RNAs that are widely expressed in human disease. However, circRNAs expression profile and potential mechanism in osteoporosis pathogenesis remain to be further studied. In the present study, a total of 69 circRNAs were identified to be abnormally expressed in osteoporosis patient samples by microarray and bioinformatics analyses. We found that circ_0011269 was notably downregulated in osteoporosis (fold change, 3.94). By means of miRanda algorithm, we constructed the interaction network of circ_0011269‐miRNAs in osteoporosis based on target binding and miR‐122 was enrolled in the network. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay verified the target relationship of miR‐122 and circ_0011269/RUNX2. The expression of circ_0011269 and RUNX2 were gradually increased during osteogenic differentiation while miR‐122 exhibited a decreased expression. Moreover, overexpression of circ_0011269 could promote RUNX2 expression and inhibit osteoporosis. In summary, this study found that circ_0011269 sponges miR‐122 to regulate RUNX2 expression and promotes osteoporosis progression.
Long noncoding RNA PRKCQ‐AS1 promotes CRC cell proliferation and migration via modulating miR‐1287‐5p/YBX1 axis
Authors: Cui Guoce , Zhao HongLi , Li Lina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) brings more than 600 000 deaths every year around the globe, making itself the third most frequently occurred carcinoma. The great progress human achieved in diagnosis and treatment of various cancers has failed to reverse this trend. Fortunately, growing evidence has implied the relationship between lncRNAs and cancer progression. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) PRKCQ‐AS1 was heightened in CRC cells and tissues and related with dismal prognosis of CRC patients. Knockdown of PRKCQ‐AS1 would induce a decrease in proliferative and migrating ability of CRC cells. Also, PRKCQ‐AS1 enriched in cytoplasm of CRC cells and negatively regulated miR‐1287‐5p level. More important, PRKCQ‐AS1 could bind to argonaute 2 and function in the RNA‐induced silencing complex with miR‐1287‐5p. Therefore, PRKCQ‐AS1 was a competing endogenous RNA for miR‐1287‐5p. Subsequently, it was validated that miR‐1287‐5p could suppress the proliferative and migratory functions in CRC. Furthermore, PRKCQ‐AS1 could upregulate the mRNA and protein level of YBX1 targeted by miR‐1287‐5p. And YBX1 expression was elevated in CRC cells and tissues. Rescue assays in vitro and in vivo showed that overexpression of YBX1 could partly offset the effect of CRC progression induced by knocking down PRKCQ‐AS1, demonstrating PRKCQ‐AS1 mediating CRC progression via miR‐1287‐5p/YBX1 pathway.
The enhanced extended phenomenological kinetics method to deal with timescale disparity problem among different reaction pathways
Authors: Ding Chen , Weng Jingwei , Shen Tonghao , Xu Xin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKinetic Monte Carlo method can provide valuable mechanistic insights for catalytic systems. Nonetheless, it suffers from the notorious problem of timescale disparity due to the existence of the complex catalytic network that consists of fast events and slow events. Previously, we have proposed the extended phenomenological kinetics (XPK) method that effectively deals with the timescale disparity problem between diffusion and reaction. However, it remains a great challenge to simulate systems with timescale disparity among different reaction pathways, which is important when selectivity is the major concern. In this study, we implement the enhanced XPK method to address this problem. The new algorithm works by identifying states connected through fast transitions and compressing them into a “superstate” when the chosen states satisfy a local steadystate condition. This state compression algorithm simplifies the reaction network by concealing the fast transitions. The accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm are demonstrated by two model systems: selective catalytic hydrogenation and selective catalytic decomposition. The enhanced XPK method is expected to be beneficial to the kinetic simulations of catalytic systems, especially those with complex reaction networks.
Function of DHX33 in promoting Warburg effect via regulation of glycolytic genes
Authors: Peng Cheng , Hou Sheng‐Tao , Deng Chu‐Xia , Zhang Yandong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCancer cells metabolize glucose through glycolysis to promote cell proliferation even with abundant oxygen. Multiple glycolysis genes are deregulated during cancer development. Despite intensive effort, the cause of their deregulation remains incompletely understood. Here in this study, we discovered that DHX33 plays a critical role in Warburg effect of cancer cells. DHX33 deficient cells have markedly reduced glycolysis activity. Through RNA‐seq analysis, we found multiple critical genes involved in Warburg effect were downregulated after DHX33 deficiency. These genes include lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 2 (PKM2), enolase 1 (ENO1), ENO2, hexokinase 1/2, among others. With LDHA, PDK1, and PKM2 as examples, we further revealed that DHX33 altered the epigenetic marks around the promoter of glycolytic genes. This is through DHX33 in complex with Gadd45a—a growth arrest and DNA damage protein. DHX33 is required for the loading of Gadd45a and DNA dioxygenase Tet1 at the promoter sites, which resulted in active DNA demethylation and enhanced histone H4 acetylation. We conclude that DHX33 changes local epigenetic marks in favor of the transcription of glycolysis genes to promote cancer cell proliferation. Our study highlights the significance of RNA helicase DHX33 in Warburg effect and cancer therapeutics.
Pathophysiological roles of chronic low‐grade inflammation mediators in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Rostamtabar Maryam , Esmaeilzadeh Sedigheh , Tourani Mehdi , Rahmani Abolfazl , Baee Masoud , Shirafkan Fatemeh , Saleki Kiarash , Mirzababayi Sajedeh S. , Ebrahimpour Soheil , Nouri Hamid Reza 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common hormonal imbalance disease in reproductive‐aged women. Its basic characteristics are ovulatory dysfunction and ovarian overproduction of androgens that lead to severe symptoms such as insulin resistance, hirsutism, infertility, and acne. Notwithstanding the disease burden, its underlying mechanisms remain unknown, and no causal therapeutic exists. In recent years, further studies showed that inflammation processes are involved in ovulation and play a key role in ovarian follicular dynamics. Visceral adipose tissue can cause inflammatory response and maintenance of the inflammation state in adipocytes by augmented production of inflammatory cytokines, monocyte chemoattractant proteins, and recruitment of the immune cell. Therefore, the PCOS can be related to a low‐grade inflammation state and inflammatory markers. Investigating the inflammatory processes and mediators that contribute to the commencement and development of PCOS can be a critical step for better understanding the pathophysiology of the disease and its treatment through inhibition or control of related pathways. In the present review, we discuss the pathophysiological roles of chronic low‐grade inflammation mediators including inflammasome‐related cytokines, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and IL‐18 in PCOS development.
Bovine peripheral blood MSCs chemotax towards inflammation and embryo implantation stimuli
Authors: Calle Alexandra , Gutiérrez‐Reinoso Miguel Ángel , Re Michela , Blanco Javier , De la Fuente Julio , Monguió‐Tortajada Marta , Borràs Francesc Enric , Yáñez‐Mó María , Ramírez Miguel Ángel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a great potential in regenerative medicine because of their multipotential and immunoregulatory capacities, while in early pregnancy they could participate in the immunotolerance of the mother towards the embryo. Peripheral blood constitutes an accessible source of MSCs. We successfully isolated peripheral blood MSC (pbMSCs) lines, with or without previous bone marrow mobilization. All pbMSCs lines obtained in both conditions presented classical MSC markers and properties, alkaline phosphatase activity and multipotent capacity to differentiate among adipogenic, osteogenic or chondrogenic lineages, and suppressed the proliferation of T cells. pbMSCs showed migratory capacity without cytokine stimulation while increasing their migration rate in the presence of inflammatory or embryo implantation stimuli. Interestingly, in contrast to MSCs derived from endometrial tissue, three pbMSCs lines also showed increased migration towards the IFN‐τ implantation cytokine. Moreover, the secretome produced by an early implantation stage embryonic trophectoderm cell line showed a chemoattractant effect in pbMSCs. Our results suggest that circulating MSCs are present in the peripheral blood under healthy conditions. The fact that both the inflammation and implantation signals induced pbMSCs chemotaxis highlights MSC heterogeneity and suggests that their migratory capacity may differ according to their tissue of origin and would suggest the possible active recruitment of MSCs from bone marrow during pregnancy to repress the immune response to prevent the embryo rejection by the maternal organism.
Fused bicyclic 1,2,4‐triazoles with one extra sulfur atom: Synthesis, properties, and biological activity
Authors: Slivka Mikhailo V. , Korol Natalia I. , Fizer Maksym M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFused heterocyclic systems with 1,2,4‐triazole scaffold arouse great interest from researchers in the branch of heterocyclic and medical chemistry because of their wide biological activities as they are considered as fungicidal, antimicrobial, analgesic, bronchodilators, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory agents, and they are G‐quadruple stabilizers; the molecular docking data for coumarin‐containing 1,2,4‐triazoles indicate their ability to act as a urease inhibitor. Therefore, the present review aims to investigate new trends in the chemistry of heterocycles incorporating thiazolo[3,2‐b][1,2,4]triazoles, thiazolo[2,3‐c][1,2,4]triazoles, thiazino[5,1‐b][1,2,4]triazoles, thiazino[3,4‐b][1,2,4]triazoles, triazolothiazepines, and their biological characteristics. The main sections discuss: (a) the synthetic routes to the production of substituted fused heterocyclic systems, which include condensation reactions, multiple bond annulation, and the reactions of electrophilic heterocyclization. (b) Description of chemical and biological characteristics of these fused heterocycles.
Determination of Brain Metabolite T1 Without Interference From Macromolecule Relaxation
Authors: An Li , Araneta Maria Ferraris , Victorino Milalynn , Shen Jun 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundJ‐coupled metabolites are often measured at a predetermined echo time in the presence of macromolecule signals, which complicates the measurement of metabolite T1.PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility and benefits of measuring metabolite T1 relaxation times without changing the overlapping macromolecule baseline signals.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsFive healthy volunteers (three females and two males; age = 27 ± 7 years).Field Strength/Sequence7T scanner using a point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS)‐based spectral editing MR spectroscopy (MRS) sequence with inversion recovery (IR).AssessmentF‐tests were performed to evaluate if the new approach, which fitted all the spectra together and used the same baselines for the three different IR settings, significantly reduced the variances of the metabolite T1 values compared to a conventional fitting approach.Statistical TestsCramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB), within‐subject coefficient of variation, and F‐test.ResultsThe T1 relaxation times of N‐acetylaspartate (NAA), total creatine (tCr), total choline (tCho), myo‐inositol (mI), and glutamate (Glu) were determined with CRLB values below 6%. Glutamine (Gln) T1 was determined with a 17% CRLB, and the T1 of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) was determined with a 34% CRLB. The new approach significantly reduced the variances (F‐test P < 0.05) of NAA, Glu, Gln, tCr, tCho, and mI T1s compared to the conventional approach.Data ConclusionKeeping macromolecule signals intact by using only long IR times allowed the use of a single macromolecule spectral model for different IR settings and significantly reduced the variances of NAA, Glu, Gln, tCr, tCho, and mI T1s.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage1
Altered Whole‐Brain Functional Networks in Drug‐Naïve, First‐Episode Adolescents With Major Depression Disorder
Authors: Wu Baolin , Li Xuekun , Zhou Jun , Zhang Meng , Long Qingyun 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundNeuroimaging studies have demonstrated disrupted brain functional networks in major depression disorder (MDD); however, alterations to whole‐brain networks specifically associated with adolescent MDD remain poorly understood.PurposeTo investigate the topological architecture of intrinsic brain functional networks in drug‐naïve, first‐episode adolescent MDD patients using graph theoretical analysis.Study typeProspective.SubjectsIn all, 109 adolescent MDD patients and 70 healthy control subjects.Field Strength/Sequences3.0T; gradient‐echo echo‐planar imaging sequence.AssessmentAfter the construction of whole‐brain functional networks by thresholding partial correlation matrices of 90 brain regions, we calculated the topological properties (eg, small‐world, efficiency, and nodal centrality) using graph theoretical analysis.Statistical TestsA chi‐squared test was used to compare the gender‐ratio difference, and a two‐sample t‐test was used in the comparison of age. We compared network measures between the two groups using nonparametric permutation tests. Exploratory partial correlation analyses were used to determine the relationships between the topological metrics showing significant between‐group differences and the clinical variables for adolescent MDD patients.ResultsSmall‐world architecture in brain functional networks was identified for both the MDD and control groups. However, depressed adolescents exhibited lower characteristic path length, normalized characteristic path length and clustering coefficient, and higher global efficiency than controls (false discovery rate [FDR] q < 0.05). Compared with controls, depressed adolescents exhibited increased nodal centralities in the default mode regions, including the right anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri, left posterior cingulate gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus (medial part), bilateral hippocampus, and bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, and decreased nodal centralities in the orbitofrontal, temporal, and occipital regions (FDR q < 0.05).Data ConclusionThis study indicated that drug‐naïve, first‐episode adolescent MDD patients exhibit disruptions in whole‐brain functional networks.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage2 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2020;52:1790–1798.
Predictors of the need for supportive femoral approach during transvenous extraction of pacemaker and defibrillator leads in Japanese patients
Authors: Isawa Tsuyoshi , Honda Taku , Yamaya Kazuhiro , Taguri Masataka 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudies on femoral approach during transvenous lead extraction (TLE) are limited.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 75 patients undergoing TLE from September 2014 through November 2019 via supportive femoral approach (Femoral/Superior group; n = 22) and superior approach alone (Superior group; n = 53).ResultsNo significant between‐group differences were observed regarding patients’ baseline characteristics except for a higher incidence of access vein occlusion in the Femoral/Superior group (59.1% vs. 31.4%; P = .037). The Femoral/Superior group exhibited significantly longer dwell times of the oldest extracted lead (median: 13.4 years; interquartile range [IQR]: 8.8‐21.2 years vs. median, 7.2 years; IQR: 3.7‐10.8 years; P < .001) and a higher incidence of passive fixation ventricular pacemaker lead (81.8% vs. 39.6%; P = .001). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that access vein occlusion (odds ratio [OR]: 4.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08‐15.3; P < .001) and dwell time of the oldest extracted lead (per year) (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09‐1.37; P = .038) were predictors of the need for supportive femoral approach. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that 11.8 years from implant was the cutoff for the need for supportive femoral approach (sensitivity 68.2%, specificity of 81.1%, area under the curve 0.81).ConclusionsAccess vein occlusion and long dwell time of the oldest extracted lead predict a high probability of the need for supportive femoral approach. Supportive femoral approach may be necessary in patients with leads that are implanted for >11.8 years and whose access veins are occluded.
The NICE UK geographic search filters for MEDLINE and Embase (Ovid): Post‐development study to further evaluate precision and number‐needed‐to‐read when retrieving UK evidence
Authors: Ayiku Lynda , Levay Paul , Hudson Thomas , Finnegan Amy 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe National Institute for Health and Care Excellence's (NICE) United Kingdom (UK) geographic search filters for MEDLINE and Embase (OVID) retrieve evidence in literature searches for UK‐focused research topics with high recall. Their precision and number‐needed‐to‐read (NNR) was examined previously in case studies using a single review. This paper details a larger post‐development study that was conducted to test the NICE UK filters' precision and NNR more extensively.MethodsThe filters' recall of included UK references from 100 reviews was calculated. As reproducible search strategies were not available for every review, the MEDLINE filter's precision and NNR were calculated using strategies from 25 reviews. Strategies from nine reviews were used for the Embase filter.ResultsThe MEDLINE filter achieved an average of 96.4% recall for the included UK references from the 100 reviews and the Embase filter achieved an average of 97.4% recall. Compared to not using a filter, the MEDLINE filter achieved an average of 98.9% recall for the 25 reviews. Precision was increased by an average of 7.8 times, reducing the NNR from 357 to 46. The Embase filter achieved an average of 97.1% recall for the nine reviews. Precision was increased by an average of 5.1 times, reducing the NNR from 746 to 146.ConclusionThere is more evidence to demonstrate that the NICE UK filters retrieve the majority of UK evidence from MEDLINE and Embase while increasing precision and reducing NNR. The filters can save time spent on selecting evidence for UK‐focused research topics.
Management of orthopedic oncology patients during coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Şahbat Yavuz , Buyuktopcu Omer , Topkar Osman Mert , Erol Bulent 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe new measures implemented in hospitals also altered the operation of orthopedics and traumatology departments. The main purpose of this article is to discuss how orthopedic oncology clinics should be organized during the pandemic and to present the process management scheme for patients requiring orthopedic surgery, including trauma surgery, from diagnosis to treatment, together with our experiences. Instead of thinking about the global emergence of the epidemic, it is time to act decisively. At first glance, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and orthopedics may seem to be unrelated disciplines, but the provision of healthcare services to patients who require them proves that these two fields are parts of the same whole. Our experiences in treating neutropenic, lymphocytopenic, and chemotherapy patients seem to have proven beneficial during this process. We operated on 10 biopsy patients, 15 primary bone sarcomas, 9 soft tissue sarcomas, and 82 trauma patients within this time frame. Only three patients were suspected to have COVID‐19 before admission. The early identification, strict isolation, and effective treatment of these patients prevented any nosocomial infections and disease‐related comorbidities. This success is the result of the multidisciplinary cooperation of the Ministry of Health, our hospital, and our clinic.