bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New method for determining the degree of fibrillation of regenerated cellulose fibres
Authors: Ma Yibo , Rissanen Marja , You Xiang , Moriam Kaniz , Hummel Michael , Sixta Herbert 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, we propose a convenient method for testing the fibrillation tendency of man-made cellulosic fibres (MMCFs) and investigate the possibility to apply a commercial crosslinker for Tencel fibres on the ionic liquid-based regenerated cellulosic fibre (Ioncell fibre). The fibrillation tendency of various MMCFs including viscose, Modal, Tencel and Ioncell fibres were examined through wet abrasion by using ball bearing and blending methods. The fibrillation tests using a laboratory blender was found to be a superior method over the ball bearing method in terms of time and energy saving. The fibrillation tendency of the fibres highly depended on their cellulose molecular orientation and the treatment intensity (time, temperature and alkalinity) in the blender. This fibrillation method was also applied to discover the effect of the crosslinking on the fibrillation tendency of the fibres. The Ioncell fibre proved to be suitable for crosslinking treatment to reduce fibrillation using 1,3,5-triacryloyl-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (TAHT)—a commercial Tencel crosslinker.
When Power Plants Leave Town: Environmental Quality and the Housing Market in China
Authors: Deng Guoying , Hernandez Manuel A. , Xu Shu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAir pollution is a major environmental issue in China. This paper exploits the relocation of two major power plants in a large Chinese city as a quasi-natural experiment to examine the effect of changes in the quality of the environment on the housing market. We use an extensive transaction dataset of new apartment units in the affected and neighboring areas. We find that the plants’ closure is associated with a 12–14% increase in prices and 13–31% rise in the volume of transactions in neighborhoods within five kilometers of the plants. We further observe a higher change in prices among more expensive houses. The estimated monthly aggregate effect of the closures on the local housing market is over 50 million US dollars during the first 2 years after the relocations.
Responsible innovation in synthetic biology in response to COVID-19: the role of data positionality
Authors: Bruynseels Koen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSynthetic biology, as an engineering approach to biological systems, has the potential to disruptively innovate the development of vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics. Data accessibility and differences in data-usage capabilities are important factors in shaping this innovation landscape. In this paper, the data that underpin synthetic biology responses to the COVID-19 pandemic are analyzed as positional information goods—goods whose value depends on exclusivity. The positionality of biological data impacts the ability to guide innovations toward societally preferred goals. From both an ethical and economic point of view, positionality can lead to suboptimal as well as beneficial situations. When aiming for responsible innovation (i.e. embedding societal deliberation in the innovation process), it is important to consider hurdles and facilitators in data access and use. Central governance and knowledge commons provide routes to mitigate the negative effects of data positionality.
Identification and management of Lynch syndrome in the Middle East and North African countries: outcome of a survey in 12 countries
Authors: Sina Mohammad , Ghorbanoghli Zeinab , Abedrabbo Amal , Al-Mulla Fahd , Sghaier Rihab Ben , Buisine Marie-Pierre , Cortas George , Goshayeshi Ladan , Hadjisavvas Andreas , Hammoudeh Wail , Hamoudi Waseem , Jabari Carol , Loizidou Maria A. , Majidzadeh-A Keivan , Marafie Makia J. , Muslumov Gurbankhan , Rifai Laila , Seir Rania Abu , Talaat Suzan M. , Tunca Berrin , Ziada-Bouchaar Hadia , Velthuizen Mary E. , Sharara Ala I. , Ahadova Aysel , Georgiou Demetra , Vasen Hans F. A. ,   on behalf of the Middle East Network on Hereditary Colorectal Cancer (HCCN-ME)
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Lynch syndrome (LS), the most common inherited form of colorectal cancer (CRC), is responsible for 3% of all cases of CRC. LS is caused by a mismatch repair gene defect and is characterized by a high risk for CRC, endometrial cancer and several other cancers. Identification of LS is of utmost importance because colonoscopic surveillance substantially improves a patient’s prognosis. Recently, a network of physicians in Middle Eastern and North African (ME/NA) countries was established to improve the identification and management of LS families. The aim of the present survey was to evaluate current healthcare for families with LS in this region.

Methods
A questionnaire was developed that addressed the following issues: availability of clinical management guidelines for LS; attention paid to family history of cancer; availability of genetic services for identification and diagnosis of LS; and assessment of knowledge of LS surveillance. Members of the network and authors of recent papers on LS from ME/NA and neighbouring countries were invited to participate in the survey and complete the online questionnaire.

Results
A total of 55 individuals were invited and 19 respondents from twelve countries including Algeria, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestine, Tunisia, and Turkey completed the questionnaire. The results showed that family history of CRC is considered in less than half of the surveyed countries. Guidelines for the management of LS are available in three out of twelve countries. The identification and selection of families for genetic testing were based on clinical criteria (Amsterdam criteria II or Revised Bethesda criteria) in most countries, and only one country performed universal screening. In most of the surveyed countries genetic services were available in few hospitals or only in a research setting. However, surveillance of LS families was offered in the majority of countries and most frequently consisted of regular colonoscopy.

Conclusion
The identification and management of LS in ME/NA countries are suboptimal and as a result most LS families in the region remain undetected. Future efforts should focus on increasing awareness of LS amongst both the general population and doctors, and on the improvement of the infrastructure in these countries.
Effects of photoperiod and light spectra on growth and pigment composition of the green macroalga Codium tomentosum
Authors: Marques Rúben , Cruz Sónia , Calado Ricardo , Lillebø Ana , Abreu Helena , Pereira Rui , Pitarma Bárbara , da Silva Jorge Marques , Cartaxana Paulo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCodium tomentosum is a marine green macroalga with multiple value-added applications that is being successfully used as an extractive species in sustainable integrated multi-trophic aquaculture systems. Nonetheless, growth conditions of this species at an early development phase still require optimization. The present study addresses, under controlled laboratory conditions, the effects of photoperiod (long vs. short-day) and light spectra (white, blue, and red light) on growth and pigment composition of C. tomentosum. Relative growth rate was approximately 2× higher under long-day photoperiod (average of 39.2 and 20.1% week−1 for long and short-day, respectively). Concentrations per dry weight of major pigments such as chlorophyll a (Chla) and siphonoxanthin (Siph) were significantly higher under long-day photoperiod. Relative growth rates were higher under red light, intermediate under white light, and lower under blue light. These last results were rather surprising, as Siph-Chla/Chlb light harvesting complexes of Codium have increased absorption in the blue-green region of the light spectra. Changes in carbon allocation patterns caused by the spectral composition of light and overgrowth of green microalgae in blue light cultures could explain the differences recorded for relative growth rate. Long-day photoperiod and light sources with preferential emission at the red region of the light spectra were identified as optimal for growth of C. tomentosum at early development stages. These lighting conditions can reduce the time required to reach the necessary biomass before transfer to grow-out systems. Overall, these findings can shorten production time, increase macroalgal productivity, and enhance aquaculture revenues.
CPS Based Liquid Metal Divertor Target for EU-DEMO
Authors: Roccella S. , Dose G. , de Luca R. , Iafrati M. , Mancini A. , Mazzitelli G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPower exhaust is a key mission in the roadmap to the realization of a future fusion reactor. Among the different solutions, the use of liquid metals as plasma facing materials are of interest due to their potential increased lifetime. Several liquid metal limiters have been successfully tested in the Frascati Tokamak Upgrade over the last 10 years. Liquid materials such as lithium and tin have been investigated using capillary porous systems (CPSs), and their impact on plasma performance has been explored. From such experience, a liquid metal divertor (LMD) concept design, CPS-based, is here proposed. Tin has been preferred as plasma facing material. The proposed LMD would operate, in low evaporative regime, with matching heat exhausting capabilities to those of the baseline ITER-like divertor. Continuous refilling of the CPS is guaranteed with a reservoir at the back of the unit, where the metal is kept liquid through a gas heating circuit. The study has been carried out using ANSYS and the thermal results will be shown. All the design choices are compatible with the current materials and the constraints adopted for the DEMO W divertor. Using such configuration, thermal loads up to 20 MW/m2 are exhausted while keeping the surface temperature below 1250 °C. The design foresees values of pressure, temperature and flow rate of the water coolant in the same range expected for the W DEMO divertor, thus facilitating the integration of such solution in the current cassette design. Technological and practical aspects are addressed, i.e. tin corrosion and CPS wettability. Possible solutions to prevent tin corrosion, and its compatibility with structural materials, will be outlined.
MSC-AS1 knockdown inhibits cell growth and temozolomide resistance by regulating miR-373-3p/CPEB4 axis in glioma through PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Li Chong , Feng Shiyu , Chen Ling 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been widely reported to regulate the development and chemoresistance of a variety of tumors. Temozolomide (TMZ) is a first-line chemotherapy for treatment of glioma. However, the effect and the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA MSC-AS1 (MSC-AS1) in TMZ-resistant glioma remain unrevealed. Levels of MSC-AS1, microRNA-373-3p (miR-373-3p), and cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 (CPEB4) were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). All protein expression was detected by western blot. Cell viability and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of TMZ was assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell cloning ability and apoptosis were examined by colony formation and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were performed to verify the correlation between miR-373-3p and MSC-AS1 or CPEB4. The xenograft models were established to determine the effect of MSC-AS1 in vivo. MSC-AS1 was up-regulated in TMZ-resistant glioma tissues and cells, and glioma patients with high MSC-AS1 expression tend to have lower overall survival rate. MSC-AS1 suppression reduced the IC50 value of TMZ and proliferation, promoted apoptosis and TMZ sensitivity, and affected PI3K/Akt pathway in TMZ-resistant glioma cells. MSC-AS1 acted as miR-373-3p sponge, and miR-373-3p directly targeted CPEB4. Silencing miR-373-3p reversed the promoting effect of MSC-AS1 or CPEB4 knockdown on TMZ sensitivity. Furthermore, MSC-AS1 knockdown inhibited TMZ-resistant glioma growth in vivo by regulating miR-373-3p/CPEB4 axis through PI3K/Akt pathway. Collectively, MSC-AS1 knockdown suppressed cell growth and the chemoresistance of glioma cells to TMZ by regulating miR-373-3p/CPEB4 axis in vitro and in vivo through activating PI3K/Akt pathway.
Iterative arrays with finite inter-cell communication
Authors: Kutrib Martin , Malcher Andreas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIterative arrays whose internal inter-cell communication is quantitatively restricted are investigated. The quantity of communication is measured by counting the number of uses of the links between cells. In particular, iterative arrays are studied where the maximum number of communications per cell occurring in accepting computations is drastically bounded by a constant number. Additionally, the iterative arrays have to work in realtime. We study the computational capacity of such devices. For example, a result is that a strict and dense hierarchy with respect to the constant number of communications exists. Due to their very restricted communication, the question arises whether the usually studied decidability problems such as, for example, emptiness, finiteness, inclusion, or equivalence become decidable for such devices. However, it can be shown that all such decidability questions remain undecidable even if only four communications per cell are allowed. Finally, the undecidability results are shown to hold as well for one-way and two-way cellular automata having at most four communications per cell.
Numerical and experimental analysis of the bi-stable state for frictional continuous system
Authors: Tonazzi D. , Passafiume M. , Papangelo A. , Hoffmann N. , Massi F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnstable friction-induced vibrations are considered an annoying problem in several fields of engineering. Although several theoretical analyses have suggested that friction-excited dynamical systems may experience sub-critical bifurcations, and show multiple coexisting stable solutions, these phenomena need to be proved experimentally and on continuous systems. The present work aims to partially fill this gap. The dynamical response of a continuous system subjected to frictional excitation is investigated. The frictional system is constituted of a 3D printed oscillator, obtained by additive manufacturing that slides against a disc rotating at a prescribed velocity. Both a finite element model and an experimental setup has been developed. It is shown both numerically and experimentally that in a certain range of the imposed sliding velocity the oscillator has two stable states, i.e. steady sliding and stick–slip oscillations. Furthermore, it is possible to jump from one state to the other by introducing an external perturbation. A parametric analysis is also presented, with respect to the main parameters influencing the nonlinear dynamic response, to determine the interval of sliding velocity where the oscillator presents the two stable solutions, i.e. steady sliding and stick–slip limit cycle.
On the optimization of n-sub-step composite time integration methods
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Zhang Runsen , Xing Yufeng , Masarati Pierangelo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA family of n-sub-step composite time integration methods, which employs the trapezoidal rule in the first $$n-1$$

n
-
1

sub-steps and a general formula in the last one, is discussed in this paper. A universal approach to optimize the parameters is provided for any cases of $$n\ge 2$$

n
≥
2

, and two optimal sub-families of the method are given for different purposes. From linear analysis, the first sub-family can achieve nth-order accuracy and unconditional stability with controllable algorithmic dissipation, so it is recommended for high-accuracy purposes. The second sub-family has second-order accuracy, unconditional stability with controllable algorithmic dissipation, and it is designed for heuristic energy-conserving purposes, by preserving as much low-frequency content as possible. Finally, some illustrative examples are solved to check the performance in linear and nonlinear systems.
Quality of life of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients under brace treatment: a brief communication of literature review
Authors: Wang Huan , Tetteroo Daniel , Arts J. J. Chris , Markopoulos Panos , Ito Keita 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To identify the life domains that are most frequently reported to be affected in scoliosis patients undergoing brace treatment.

Methods
A search within the PubMed database was conducted and a total of 60 publications were selected. We classified the studies based on the methods used to measure patients’ quality of life (QoL) and categorized the life domains reported to be affected.

Results
Self-image/body configuration was the most reported affected domain of patients’ QoL, identified in 32 papers, whilst mental health/stress was the second most reported affected domain. Mental health was identified in 11 papers, and 11 papers using the BSSQ questionnaire reported medium stress amongst their participants. Vitality was the third most reported affected domain, identified in 12 papers.

Conclusions
Our review indicates that scoliotic adolescents treated with bracing suffer in their quality of life most from psychological burdens. To improve these patients’ life quality, more attention should be focussed on supporting their mental health.
PET/CT Imaging of 89Zr-N-sucDf-Pembrolizumab in Healthy Cynomolgus Monkeys
Authors: Li Wenping , Wang Yuchuan , Rubins Daniel , Bennacef Idriss , Holahan Marie , Haley Hyking , Purcell Mona , Gantert Liza , Hseih SuChun , Judo Michael , Seghezzi Wolfgang , Zhang Shuli , van der Veen Elly L. , Lub-de Hooge Marjolijn N. , de Vries Elisabeth G.E. , Evelhoch Jeffrey L. , Klimas Michael , Hostetler Eric D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Programmed cell death-1 receptor (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) are the targets for immunotherapy in many cancer types. Although PD-1 blockade has therapeutic effects, the efficacy differs between patients. Factors contributing to this variability are PD-L1 expression levels and immune cells present in tumors. However, it is not well understood how PD-1 expression in the tumor microenvironment impacts immunotherapy response. Thus, imaging of PD-1-expressing immune cells is of interest. This study aims to evaluate the biodistribution of Zirconium-89 (89Zr)-labeled pembrolizumab, a humanized IgG4 kappa monoclonal antibody targeting PD-1, in healthy cynomolgus monkeys as a translational model of tracking PD-1-positive immune cells.

Procedures
Pembrolizumab was conjugated with the tetrafluorophenol-N-succinyl desferal-Fe(III) ester (TFP-N-sucDf) and subsequently radiolabeled with 89Zr. Four cynomolgus monkeys with no previous exposure to humanized monoclonal antibodies received tracer only or tracer co-injected with pembrolizumab intravenously over 5 min. Thereafter, a static whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) scan was acquired with 10 min per bed position on days 0, 2, 5, and 7. Image-derived standardized uptake values (SUVmean) were quantified by region of interest (ROI) analysis.

Results
89Zr-N-sucDf-pembrolizumab was synthesized with high radiochemical purity (> 99 %) and acceptable molar activity (> 7 MBq/nmol). In animals dosed with tracer only, 89Zr-N-sucDf-pembrolizumab distribution in lymphoid tissues such as mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils increased over time. Except for the liver, low radiotracer distribution was observed in all non-lymphoid tissue including the lung, muscle, brain, heart, and kidney. When a large excess of pembrolizumab was co-administered with a radiotracer, accumulation in the lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils was reduced, suggestive of target-mediated accumulation.

Conclusions
89Zr-N-sucDf-pembrolizumab shows preferential uptake in the lymphoid tissues including the lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils. 89Zr-N-sucDf-pembrolizumab may be useful in tracking the distribution of a subset of immune cells in non-human primates and humans.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02760225
Is Free Speech in Danger on University Campus? Some Preliminary Evidence from a Most Likely Case
Authors: Revers Matthias , Traunmüller Richard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough universities play a key role in questions of free speech and political viewpoint diversity, they are often associated with the opposite of a free exchange of ideas: a proliferation of restrictive campus speech codes, violent protests against controversial speakers and even the firing of inconvenient professors. For some observers these trends on university campuses are a clear indicator of the dire future for freedom of speech. Others view these incidents as scandalized singular events and regard campus intolerance as a mere myth. We take an empirical look at some of the claims in the debate and present original survey evidence from a most likely case: the leftist social science studentship at Goethe University Frankfurt. Our results show that taking offense is a common experience and that a sizable number of students are in favor of restricting speech on campus. We also find evidence for conformity pressures on campus and that both the desire to restrict speech and the reluctance to speak openly differ significantly across political ideology. Left-leaning students are less likely to tolerate controversial viewpoints and right-leaning students are more likely to self-censor on politically sensitive issues such as gender, immigration, or sexual and ethnic minorities. Although preliminary, these findings may have implications for the social sciences and academia more broadly.
Jung, feindselig, rechts!? Menschenfeindliche, rechtspopulistische und -extreme Orientierungen im intergenerativen Vergleich
Authors: Zick Andreas , Berghan Wilhelm , Mokros Nico 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Hinblick auf den Umgang mit Rechtsextremismus und anderen antidemokratischen Orientierungen ist zu beobachten, dass diese häufig als ‚Jugendproblem‘ wahrgenommen und verhandelt werden. Insbesondere, wenn rechtsextreme Straftaten von Heranwachsenden verübt werden. Große Teile pädagogischer Praxis der Demokratieförderung und Rechtsextremismusprävention richten sich an junge Menschen bzw. junge Erwachsene und auch die erziehungswissenschaftliche Forschung behandelt traditionell Rechtsextremismus in weiten Teilen im Rahmen der Jugendforschung. Selten wird die Frage gestellt, ob es tatsächlich eine empirisch nachweisbare Konzentration antidemokratischer Orientierungen in dieser Altersgruppe gibt. Dies zu wissen, wäre für Grundfragen nach den Bedingungen und Möglichkeiten politischer Sozialisation und Bildung relevant und ebenso wäre es fatal, wenn angesichts der Häufung bestimmter Phänomene in einer demografischen Gruppe ein Stereotyp in die Forschung einzieht. Der Beitrag hat daher ein recht einfaches Anliegen. Er stellt empirische Beobachtungen aus einer aktuellen bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Umfrage bereit und prüft statistisch, ob es zwischen menschenfeindlichen, rechtspopulistischen und rechtsextremen Einstellungen, die Orientierungen bilden, Unterscheide zwischen Altersgruppen gibt. Die Analyse zeigt, dass 18- bis 30-Jährige im Vergleich zu älteren Generationen zwar einzelnen rechtsextremen Einstellungsdimensionen auffallend zustimmen, nicht jedoch in der ganzen Breite menschenfeindlicher Einstellungen. In Bezug auf diese zeigen Ältere höhere Zustimmung. Die Auswertungen legen nahe, die Fokussierung auf jüngere Altersgruppen und ihre politische Sozialisation viel enger und genauer in den Kontext der empirisch beobachtbaren gesellschaftlichen Stimmungen zu setzen.