bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vision for the blind: visual psychophysics and blinded inference for decision models
Authors: Smith Philip L. , Lilburn Simon D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEvidence accumulation models like the diffusion model are increasingly used by researchers to identify the contributions of sensory and decisional factors to the speed and accuracy of decision-making. Drift rates, decision criteria, and nondecision times estimated from such models provide meaningful estimates of the quality of evidence in the stimulus, the bias and caution in the decision process, and the duration of nondecision processes. Recently, Dutilh et al. (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 26, 1051–1069, 2019) carried out a large-scale, blinded validation study of decision models using the random dot motion (RDM) task. They found that the parameters of the diffusion model were generally well recovered, but there was a pervasive failure of selective influence, such that manipulations of evidence quality, decision bias, and caution also affected estimated nondecision times. This failure casts doubt on the psychometric validity of such estimates. Here we argue that the RDM task has unusual perceptual characteristics that may be better described by a model in which drift and diffusion rates increase over time rather than turn on abruptly. We reanalyze the Dutilh et al. data using models with abrupt and continuous-onset drift and diffusion rates and find that the continuous-onset model provides a better overall fit and more meaningful parameter estimates, which accord with the known psychophysical properties of the RDM task. We argue that further selective influence studies that fail to take into account the visual properties of the evidence entering the decision process are likely to be unproductive.
A Parametric Model for the Shapes of Black Hole Shadows in Non-Kerr Spacetimes
Authors: Medeiros Lia , Psaltis Dimitrios , Özel Feryal 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is taking the first images of black holes resolved at horizon scales to measure their shadows and probe accretion physics. A promising avenue for testing the hypothesis that astrophysical black holes are described by the Kerr solution to Einstein’s equations is to compare the size and shape of the shadow a black hole casts on the surrounding emission to the predictions of the Kerr metric. We develop here an efficient parametric framework to perform this test. We carry out ray-tracing simulations for several parameterized non-Kerr metrics to create a large data set of non-Kerr shadows that probe the allowed parameter space for the free parameters of each metric. We then perform principal components analysis (PCA) on this set of shadows and show that only a small number of components are needed to accurately reconstruct all shadows within the set. We further show that the amplitude of the PCA components are smoothly related to the free parameters in the metrics and, therefore, that these PCA components can be fit to EHT observations in order to place constraints on the free parameters of these metrics that will help quantify any potential deviations from the Kerr solution.
Early Optical Observations of GRB 150910A: Bright Jet Optical Afterglow and X-Ray Dipole Radiation from a Magnetar Central Engine
Authors: Xie Lang , Wang Xiang-Gao , Zheng WeiKang , Filippenko Alexei V. , Qin Song-Mei , Li Long , Zheng Tian-Ci , Zou Le , Lin Da-Bin , Zhu Yinan , Yuk Heechan , Lu Rui-Jing , Liang En-Wei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Gamma-ray burst (GRB) 150910A was detected by Swift/Burst Alert Telescope (BAT), and then rapidly observed by Swift/XRT, Swift/Ultraviolet-Optical Telescope, and ground-based telescopes. We report Lick Observatory spectroscopic and photometric observations of GRB 150910A, and we investigate the physical origins of both the optical and X-ray afterglows, incorporating data obtained with BAT and XRT. The light curves show that the jet-emission episode lasts ∼360 s with a sharp pulse from BAT to XRT (Episode I). In Episode II, the optical emission has a smooth onset bump followed by a normal decay (α
R,2 ≈ −1.36), as predicted in the standard external shock model, while the X-ray emission exhibits a plateau (α
X,1 ≈ −0.36) followed by a steep decay (α
X,2 ≈ −2.12). The light curves show obvious chromatic behavior with an excess in the X-ray flux. Our results suggest that GRB 150910A is an unusual GRB driven by a newly born magnetar with its extremely energetic magnetic dipole (MD) wind in Episode II, which overwhelmingly dominates the observed early X-ray plateau. The radiative efficiency of the jet prompt emission is η

γ
≈ 11%. The MD wind emission was detected in both the BAT and XRT bands, making it the brightest among the current sample of MD winds seen by XRT. We infer the initial spin period (P
0) and the surface polar cap magnetic field strength (B

p
) of the magnetar as 1.02 × 1015 G ≤ B

p
≤ 1.80 × 1015 G and 1 ms ≤ P
0
v ≤ 1.77 ms, and the radiative efficiency of the wind is η

w
≥ 32%.
Buckwheat and Avalokiteśvara / Ajda in Avalokiteśvara
Authors: Honda Yutaka 
Published: June 2020

I investigated the situation of the dedication ceremony of buckwheat noodle in two temples. The buckwheat noodle is dedicated to Avalokiteśvara in both temples. These temples have long history from the foundation, however these ceremonies are never old, if anything new. Buckwheat production increased three times in the past thirty years in Japan. Domestic buckwheat is recognized as good taste and good quality. People visit temple and eat the famous buckwheat noodle in temple town. The interests or merits in the both of restaurants’ owners and the temple’s priests agree each other. Increasing of production gives birth to new concerned industry or activity of old industry. We can see that the increase of the crop production has the new potential in the human culture.
Key words: buckwheat, hand-made buckwheat noodle, Avalokiteśvara, Buddhism temple

Izvleček
V dveh templjih je avtor raziskoval obred posvečenja ajdovih rezancev. V obeh so ajdovi rezanci posvečeni božanstvu Avalokiteśvara. Templja imata dolgo zgodovino, toda svečanosti posvečene ajdi so se začele šele v novejšem času. V zadnjih tridesetih letih se je obseg pridelovanja ajde na Japonskem potrojil. Na Japonskem pridelana domača ajda je cenjena zaradi dobrega okusa in kakovosti. Ljudje obiskujejo tempelj, da bi v tempeljskem mestu jedli znano ajdo. Lastniki restavracij in svečeniki v templju skupaj skrbijo za kakovost. Povečana izdelava testenin omogoča pojavljanje novih izdelovalcev in razvoj dosedanjih. Povečano pridelovanje ajde je pomembno tudi z vidika kulturnega razvoja.
Ključne besede: ajda, ročno izdelane ajdove testenine, Avalokiteśvara, budistični tempelj
Functional characterization of an endosperm specific promoter p1062 from common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) for driving tissue specific gene expression / Funkcijske lastnosti endospermskega promotorja p1062 navadne ajde ...
Authors: Dohtdong Lashaihun , Chrungoo Nikhil Kumar 
Published: June 2020

Seed storage proteins of grain crops meet the major dietary protein requirement of over half of the world population. PCR based genome walking the 5’UTR of the gene coding for a lysine rich legumin type protein amplified a 1.1kb DNA fragment representing the promoter region of the gene. Clustal alignment of this sequence with other sequences in the Genbank database clearly showed 100 percent complementary base match of 282 bases at the 3’ end of the sequence, corresponding to nucleotide position 780-1062 with correspondingly similar number of bases on the 5’ end of the 1.7kb Bwleg gene.We detected one prolamin box and three RY-repeat motifs in the sequence. Seven deletion fragments of the putative promoter were generated by 5’ nested PCR and cloned in pCAMBIA1304 upstream of GUS gene after excising the CaMV 35S promoter from the vector. Arabidopsis plants plants harbouring the deletion construct pBwlDF1 to pBwlDF6 clearly showed seed specific expression of the reporter gene. Seeds harbouring the constructs pBwlDF3, pBwlDF4 and pBwlDF5 showed a nearly threefold decrease in GUS activity than those harbouring the construct with full length promoter.
Key words: buckwheat, DNA, promoter, constructs

Izvleček
Založne beljakovine semen zrnastih poljščin ustrezajo glavnim potrebam po beljakovinah za več kot polovico svetovnega prebivalstva. S PCR in 5’UTR so za kodiranje kakovostnih beljakovin leguminskega tipa pomnožili odlomek 1,1 kb DNK, ki je promotorsko gensko območje. Vzporejanje te sekvence z drugimi sekvencami podatkovne baze genske banke jasno pokaže popolno komplementarnost 282 baz na 3’ koncu sekvence, kar ustreza pozicijam 780-1062 z ustreznim številom baz na 5’ koncu gena 1,7 kb Bwleg. V sekvenci smo odkrili eno prolaminsko škatljo in tri RY-ponovljene motive. Sedem delecijskih fragmentov putativnega promotorja smo generirali z 5’ PCR kloniranjem pCAMBIA1304 navzgor od GUS gena po izločitvi promotorja CaMV 35S iz vektorja. Semena s konstrukti pBwlDF3, pBwlDF4 in pBwlDF5 so izražali skoraj trikratno zmanjšanje GUS aktivnosti v primerjavi s konstrukti, ki so vsebovali polne dolžine promotorjev.
Ključne besede: ajda, DNK, promotor, konstrukti
FCRL4 Is an Fc Receptor for Systemic IgA, but Not Mucosal Secretory IgA
Authors: Liu Yanling , Goroshko Sofiya , Leung Leslie Y. T. , Dong Shilan , Khan Srijit , Campisi Paolo , Propst Evan J. , Wolter Nikolaus E. , Grunebaum Eyal , Ehrhardt Götz R. A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Fc receptor–like (FCRL) 4 is an immunoregulatory receptor expressed on a subpopulation of human memory B cells of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Fc receptor function of FCRL4 was demonstrated by binding of IgA to FCRL4 following heat aggregation of the Ig. In this study, we demonstrate that FCRL4 recognizes J chain–linked systemic IgA in the absence of heat aggregation. We further demonstrate that mucosal secretory IgA is not recognized by FCRL4 and that systemic IgA binding can be competitively inhibited by recombinant secretory component protein. Finally, we provide evidence that primary FCRL4-bearing human memory B cells are constitutively bound to IgA. Our study provides a mechanism for the negative regulatory activity of FCRL4 on AgR-mediated B cell activation.
Early Insights into Immune Responses during COVID-19
Authors: St. John Ashley L. , Rathore Abhay P. S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the newly emerged virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and was recently declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. In its severe form, the disease is characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome, and there are no targeted intervention strategies to treat or prevent it. The immune response is thought to both contribute to the pathogenesis of disease and provide protection during its resolution. Thus, understanding the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is of the utmost importance for developing and testing vaccines and therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the earliest knowledge and hypotheses of the mechanisms of immune pathology in the lung during acute infection as well at the later stages of disease resolution, recovery, and immune memory formation.
The Effectiveness of Group Counseling Based on Problem-Solving on Experiencing Domestic Violence Among Pregnant Women
Authors: Alamshahi Masoumeh , Olfati Forouzan , Shahsavari Saeed , Taherpour Maryam 
Published: June 2020

Introduction:
Domestic violence is highly prevalent during pregnancy and affects both the mother and fetus. Problem-solving training showed to be useful in controlling different crises of life including anger and aggression. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group counseling based on problem-solving on experiencing domestic violence among pregnant women.

Methods:
This study is a clinical trial which was conducted on eighty pregnant women referred to Buin Zahra urban centers in 2019. The individuals were randomly divided into intervention (n = 40) and control (n = 40) groups. Six 45-min sessions for five groups of eight people were implemented for the intervention group. The violence was examined before, immediately, and 3 months after the intervention using the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale instrument. Sociodemographics and obstetrics characteristics were compared using Chi-square. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance at a significance level of < 0.05.

Results:
The baseline characteristics were homogeneous between the two groups. After intervention, the mean score of violence decreased statistically significantly for the intervention group versus control group immediately after (159.28 vs. 190.98, P < 0.001) and 3 months after the intervention (117.85 vs. 198.9, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Group counseling based on problem-solving is effective on the level of domestic violence among pregnant women. Therefore, using this method of counseling during pregnancy can be associated with positive results in reducing domestic violence.
Tinjauan Psiko-Teologi Terhadap Fenomena Kekerasan Dalam Pacaran Pada Remaja
Authors: Harmadi Mariani , Diana Ruat 
Published: June 2020

Fenomena kekerasan dalam berpacaran bukan hanya terjadi di ruang tertutup atau pribadi saja melainkan sangat mudah ditemukan di ruang publik seperti halaman sekolah, tempat rental komputer, taman, trotoar, kendaraan umum, pada penumpang kendaraan roda dua di tengah lalu lintas. Dan ketika peristiwa itu berlangsung serta disaksikan oleh masyarakat umum, pelaku dan korban tidak merasa terganggu, rikuh, malu, atau berhenti. Padahal kekerasan dalam pacaran di kalangan remaja merupakan salah satu akses kepada kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, apabila hal ini tidak ditangani secara benar sebelum berkelanjutan dengan korban yang mengalami dampak pada fisik, psikis, sosial, moral, ekonomi dan masa depan generasi penerus. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan mengkaji fenomena kekerasan dalam pacaran dari sudut pandang Alkitab dan psikologi, dimana secara psikologis kekerasan seksual yang terjadi pada masa remaja berdampak negatif bagi pelaku maupun korban kekerasan seksual. Adapun kekerasan pada masa berpacaran dapat disebabkan karena remaja mengalami loncatan akibat gejolak hormon dan pesatnya teknologi informasi. Secara teologis hubungan seks sebelum menikah adalah tindakan merusak kehidupan para pelakunya dan kekerasan pada masa berpacaran merupakan tindakan yang bertentangan dengan konsep imago dei. The phenomenon of dating violence does not only occur in closed or private spaces but is very easy to find in public spaces such as school yards, computer rental places, parks, sidewalks, public transportation, on two-wheeled vehicle passengers in the middle of traffic. And when the event took place and was witnessed by the general public, the perpetrators and victims did not feel disturbed, uncomfortable, embarrassed, or stopped. Whereas violence in courtship among adolescents is one access to domestic violence, if this is not handled properly before it is sustained with victims who have an impact on the physical, psychological, social, moral, economic and future generations. The method used is descriptive research by examining the phenomenon of dating violence from the perspective of the Bible and psychology, where psychologically sexual violence that occurs during adolescence has a negative impact on perpetrators and victims of sexual violence. The violence during dating can be caused by adolescents experiencing jumps due to hormone fluctuations and rapid information technology. Theologically sex before marriage is an act of destroying the lives of the perpetrators and violence during dating is an action that is contrary to the concept of Imago dei.
Pain scores among ED patients: correlation with desire for pain medication
Authors: Marco Catherine A. , McGervey Megan , Gekonde Joan , Martin Caitlin 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Pain has been identified as the most common reason for Emergency Department (ED) visits. The verbal numeric rating pain scale (VNRS) is commonly used to assess pain in the ED. This study was undertaken to determine whether VNRS pain scores correlate with desire for pain medication among ED patients. Methods: In this prospective survey study, eligible patients included Emergency Department patients over 18 with painful conditions. The primary outcome measures included self-reported VNRS, ED diagnosis, number of ED visits and number of ED admissions within the past year, and the self-reported desire for pain medication. Results: Among 482 participants in 2012, the median triage pain score was 8 (IQR 6-10); the most frequently occurring score was 10. Overall, there were significant differences in pain scores with patient desire for analgesics. 67% reported desire for pain medications. Patients who did not want pain medications had significantly lower pain scores (median 6; IQR 4-8) compared to those who wanted medication (median 8; IQR 7-10) (p<0.001) and compared to those who were ambivalent about medication (median 7; IQR 6-10) (p=0.01). There was no association between desire for pain medication and demographics including age, gender, race, or insurance status. Conclusions: ED patients who did not desire pain medication had significantly lower pain scores than patients who desired pain medication. Pain scores usually effectively predicted which patients desired pain medications. Desire for pain medication was not associated with age, gender, race, or insurance status.
Primary Pure Angiosarcoma of the Testis: A Case Report
Authors: Jain Samay , Cantley Richard , Philip Justus 
Published: June 2020

Angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive, malignant neoplasm of endothelial-cell origin. A primary angiosarcoma originating in the testicle is extremely rare, with only five previous cases reported in the current literature. We report a case of primary, pure angiosarcoma of the testis in a 63-year-old patient with no history of previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy. By histology, the tumor was a high-grade spindle cell neoplasm, arranged in sheets and poorly-formed vascular channels. The tumor cells were positive for vascular markers (CD31, CD34) by immunohistochemical staining. No evidence of a germ cell component was seen by morphology, immunohistochemistry, or molecular genetic studies. This finding is unique in that it is one of only three reported cases of primary angiosarcomas of the testicle without a germ cell precursor or component.
Streptococcus Intermedius Lung Abscess in a 17-year-old Male
Authors: Levine Jason Andrew , Hovsepyan Karen , Lubarsky Daniel , Mukundan Deepa , Ruddy Jennifer 
Published: June 2020

Streptococcus intermedius lung abscess and empyema is a chronic infectious process associated with a high morbidity and mortality. It is typically seen in adults, and is considered a rare disease process in the pediatric population. Our case describes a 17 year old male presenting with 3 months of cough associated with later development of chest and back pain. He was later found to have a severe empyema secondary to Streptococcus intermedius. This case underlines a rare diagnosis in the pediatric population, as well as a association with smoking and vaping.
Performance of Molecular Breast Imaging as an Adjunct Diagnostic Tool
Authors: Shermis Robin B , Redfern Roberta E , Bazydlo John , Naimy Gabriel , Kudrolli Haris , Chen John 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: The aim was to retrospectively assess the performance of molecular breast imaging (MBI) as an adjunct diagnostic tool when symptoms could not be explained by conventional imaging, or when mammography or ultrasound findings were equivocal.
Methods: The analysis was comprised of women who underwent further testing with MBI after diagnostic mammography and/or targeted ultrasound. Outcome measures included sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed and analyzed as a performance measure.
Results: In 301 women with a complete reference standard, 18 (6.0%) were diagnosed with cancer. MBI detected cancer in 16 subjects; two interval cancers occurred. 15 of the 16 cancers detected by MBI were invasive. Overall sensitivity of MBI in this sample was 88.9 % (95% CI 65.6 – 98.6), with 97.5% specificity (95% CI 95.0 – 99.0). Positive predictive value (PPV) was 69.6%, while negative predictive value for recall (NPV) was calculated as 99.3%. ROC curves demonstrated excellent performance (area under the curve = 0.933).
Conclusions: MBI is a valuable diagnostic tool for further evaluation or to guide management when conventional imaging is incomplete. The majority of tumors in this study were invasive carcinomas with node negative status, important for timely treatment.
A Case Report of Clobazam Toxicity Related to Cannabidiol and Clobazam Drug-drug Interaction
Authors: Kheireldin Rowida 
Published: June 2020

The interest in the anti-seizure efficacy of cannabinoids (CBD)has significantly increased over the past decade. Trials have shown a remarkable reduction in the frequency of convulsive seizures in Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes patient population. Studies have shown that CBD reacts with Clobazam leading to a significant increase in the levels of N-desmethylclobazam, the active metabolite of Clobazam. We present a case of a patient with Dravet syndrome who presented to the emergency department with altered mental status secondary to Clobazam toxicity related to CBD and Clobazam drug-drug interaction. We present a case of a patient with Dravet syndrome who presented to the emergency department with altered mental status. Patient was hospitalized and Clobazam was held off. Clobazam level and N-desmethylclobazam levels were obtained and came back elevated at 512 ng/mL and 15020 ng/mL respectively (reference range 30-300 ng/mL and 300 to 3000 ng/mL respectively).
Rowida Kheireldin (a) (1) Naeem Mahfooz (b)
Percepção de agricultores familiares sobre suas condições de saúde e do ambiente
Authors: Scussel Pâmela , Radunz Amanda Fabris Oliveira , Busato Maria Assunta 
Published: June 2020

A agricultura é uma prática essencial para o desenvolvimento da sociedade e da manutenção da economia mundial. A agricultura familiar caracteriza-se pela utilização de mão-de-obra e gerenciamento familiar. A produção agrícola familiar é responsável por parte significativa da produção de alimentos no Brasil, que aporta para o abastecimento do mercado consumidor e contribui para a segurança alimentar e nutricional tanto dos consumidores como das famílias agricultoras. Objetivo: analisar a percepção de agricultores familiares sobre suas condições de saúde e as do ambiente. Metodologia: foram realizadas entrevistas com doze agricultores familiares de Seara, município do Oeste do estado de Santa Catarina. A análise dos resultados está apresentada de forma descritiva observando os núcleos temáticos manifestados nas entrevistas. Conclusão: os participantes do estudo produzem expressiva diversidade de alimentos e priorizam, para consumo próprio, alimentos oriundos da propriedade, livres de agrotóxicos. Os agricultores familiares têm clareza da necessidade e importância do cuidado com a terra e com o ambiente onde vivem, e compreendem que, para o ciclo da agricultura familiar dar certo, todo o ambiente deve ser respeitado, o que contribui para a promoção da saúde.