bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hearing loss in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses‐1 and ‐6 after hematopoietic cell transplantation: A longitudinal analysis
Authors: van den Broek Brigitte T. A. , Smit Adriana L. , Boelens Jaap Jan , van Hasselt Peter M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHearing loss is frequently seen in mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) patients. Although hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) increases overall survival, disease progression is observed in certain tissues. This study describes the course of hearing loss (HL) over time in transplanted MPS patients. Transplanted MPS patients between 2003 and 2018 were included and received yearly audiological evaluation, including auditory brainstem response (ABR) or pure tone audiometry (PTA). Twenty‐eight MPS‐1 and four MPS‐6 patients were analyzed with a median follow‐up of 5 years (range 11 months–16 years). Air conduction threshold improved significantly over time (P < .001) with a PTA 1‐year post‐HCT of 50 ± 0.7 dB to 23 ± 11 dB 13 years post‐HCT. Bone conduction threshold worsened with a PTA 1 year post‐HCT of 10 ± 7 dB to 18 ± 9 dB 13 years post‐HCT (P = .34). The degree of HL varied from mainly mild‐severe early after HCT to normal‐mild at longer follow‐up. The type of HL consisted of mainly conductive in the first years post‐HCT in contrast to mainly sensorineural at longer follow‐up. MRIs of the cerebellopontine angle did not show abnormalities. HL is still seen in patients with MPS despite HCT and consists of a conductive type early after HCT in contrast to a sensorineural type at longer follow‐up in the majority of cases. Yearly follow‐up of HL is necessary to timely intervene, as hearing is important in the speech and language development of children and their academic achievements.
SARS‐CoV‐2‐reactive interferon‐γ‐producing CD8+ T cells in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Giménez Estela , Albert Eliseo , Torres Ignacio , Remigia María José , Alcaraz María Jesús , Galindo María José , Blasco María Luisa , Solano Carlos , Forner María José , Redón Josep , Signes‐Costa Jaime , Navarro David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere is limited information on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) T‐cell immune responses in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells may be instrumental in resolution of and protection from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Here, we tested 25 hospitalized patients either with microbiologically documented COVID‐19 (n = 19) or highly suspected of having the disease (n = 6) for presence of SARS‐CoV‐2‐reactive CD69+ expressing interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) producing CD8+ T cells using flow‐cytometry for intracellular cytokine staining assay. Two sets of overlapping peptides encompassing the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike glycoprotein N‐terminal 1 to 643 amino acid sequence and the entire sequence of SARS‐CoV‐2 M protein were used simultaneously as antigenic stimulus. Ten patients (40%) had detectable responses, displaying frequencies ranging from 0.15 to 2.7% (median of 0.57 cells/µL; range, 0.43‐9.98 cells/µL). The detection rate of SARS‐CoV‐2‐reactive IFN‐γ CD8+ T cells in patients admitted to intensive care was comparable (P = .28) to the rate in patients hospitalized in other medical wards. No correlation was found between SARS‐CoV‐2‐reactive IFN‐γ CD8+ T‐cell counts and SARS‐CoV‐2 S‐specific antibody levels. Likewise, no correlation was observed between either SARS‐CoV‐2‐reactive IFN‐γ CD8+ T cells or S‐specific immunoglobulin G‐antibody titers and blood cell count or levels of inflammatory biomarkers. In summary, in this descriptive, preliminary study we showed that SARS‐CoV‐2‐reactive IFN‐γ CD8+ T cells can be detected in a non‐negligible percentage of patients with moderate to severe forms of COVID‐19. Further studies are warranted to determine whether quantitation of these T‐cell subsets may provide prognostic information on the clinical course of COVID‐19.
Eighteen‐year follow‐up cohort study on hepatitis B and C virus infections related long‐term prognosis among hemodialysis patients in Hiroshima
Authors: Ko Ko , Nagashima Shintaro , Yamamoto Chikako , Takahashi Kazuaki , Matsuo Junko , Ohisa Masayuki , Akita Tomoyuki , Matyakubov Jamshid , Mirzaev Ulugbek , Katayama Keiko , Masaki Takao , Tanaka Junko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence trend of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections and their genotype distribution among hemodialysis patients, determining their long‐term prognosis and the risk factors to the mortality. This cohort study used both the medical data and the blood samples of hemodialysis patients at nine dialysis centers in Hiroshima from 1999 to 2017. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti‐HCV were screened and then amplification was done to positive sera by polymerase chain reaction for genotyping. Data were employed for multiple regressions to determine the associated risk factors. A total of 3968 patients were subdivided into three groups: who started hemodialysis before 1990, during 1991 to 2001, and after 2002. The periodic prevalence of HBsAg decreased from 2.8% to 1.3% and that of anti‐HCV from 33.3% to 9.5% in the three groups. By multiple regressions, the adjusted hazard ratio of diabetes mellitus (DM) ranges from 1.59 to 2.12 and that of HCV RNA positivity ranges from 1.18 to 1.48 (P < .05). Heart failure is the primary cause of death in all groups. Genotype C2 is predominant for HBV and genotype 1b is predominant for HCV. The decreasing trend of both HBV and HCV was found in the cohort. DM and HCV RNA were the significant risk factors leading to poor prognosis among hemodialysis patients. The similar genotype distribution of both HBV and HCV was found as general population. This alarmed to provide early diagnosis, prompt, and adequate treatment to HCV infection among hemodialysis patients.
Meta‐analysis of chest CT features of patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia
Authors: Zheng Ying , Wang Ling , Ben Suqin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to perform a meta‐analysis regarding the chest computed tomography (CT) manifestations of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pneumonia patients. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from 1 December 2019 to 1 May 2020 using the keywords of “COVID‐19 virus,” “the 2019 novel coronavirus,” “novel coronavirus,” and “COVID‐19.” Studies that evaluated the CT manifestations of common and severe COVID‐19 pneumonia were included. Among the 9736 searched results, 15 articles describing 1453 common patients and 697 severe patients met the inclusion criteria. Based on the CT images, the common patients were less frequent to exhibit consolidation (odds ratio [OR] = 0.31), pleural effusion (OR = 0.19), lymphadenopathy (OR = 0.17), crazy‐paving pattern (OR = 0.22), interlobular septal thickening (OR = 0.27), reticulation (OR = 0.20), traction bronchiectasis (OR = 0.40) with over two lobes involved (OR = 0.07) and central distribution (OR = 0.18) while more frequent to bear unilateral pneumonia (OR = 4.65) involving one lobe (OR = 13.84) or two lobes (OR = 6.95) when compared with severe patients. Other CT features including ground‐glass opacities (P = .404), air bronchogram (P = .070), nodule (P = .093), bronchial wall thickening (P = .15), subpleural band (P = .983), vascular enlargement (P = .207), and peripheral distribution (P = .668) did not have a significant association with the severity of the disease. No publication bias among the selected studies was suggested (Harbord's tests,P > .05 for all.) We obtained reliable estimates of the chest CT manifestations of COVID‐19 pneumonia patients, which might provide an important clue for the diagnosis and classification of COVID‐19 pneumonia.
Multiphasic scaffold for scapholunate interosseous ligament reconstruction: A study in the rabbit knee
Authors: Lui Hayman , Vaquette Cedryck , Denbeigh Janet M. , Bindra Randy , Kakar Sanjeev , van Wijnen Andre J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractScapholunate interosseous ligament tears are a common wrist injury in young and active patients that can lead to suboptimal outcomes after repair. This research aims to assess a multiphasic scaffold using 3D‐printing for reconstruction of the dorsal scapholunate interosseous ligament. The scaffold was surgically implanted in vivo in the position of the native rabbit medial collateral ligament. Two branches of treatment were implemented in the study. In the first group, the rabbits (n = 8) had the knee joint fixed in flexion for 4 weeks using 1.4 mm K‐wires prior to sample harvesting. The second group (n = 8) had the rabbit knee joint immobilized for 4 weeks prior to K‐wire removal and mobilization for an additional 4 weeks prior to sample harvesting. Overall, samples were harvested at 4 weeks post‐surgery (immobilized group) and eight weeks post‐surgery (mobilized group). Mechanical tensile testing (n = 5/group) and histology (n = 3/group) of the constructs were conducted. Tissue integration and maturation were observed resulting in increased mechanical strength of the operated joint at 8 weeks (P < .05). Bone and ligament tissues were regenerated in their respective compartments with structural and mechanical properties approaching those reported for the human dorsal SLIL ligament. Clinical Significance: This proof of concept study has demonstrated that the synthetic multiphasic scaffold was capable of regenerating both bone and ligament while also withstanding the physiological load once implanted in the rabbit knee. The artificial scaffold may provide an alternative to current techniques for reconstruction of scapholunate instability or other ligament injuries in the hand and wrist.
Revisiting the Gross–Zagier discriminant formula
Authors: Ye Dongxi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe derive a formula for the discriminant of the ring class polynomial of conductor N associated to the j‐invariant and an imaginary quadratic field of odd discriminant using the theory of Borcherds lifts. When d is a prime and , the formula recovers the Gross–Zagier discriminant formula.
Improving stochastic analysis for tradeoffs in multi‐criteria value models
Authors: Caddell John , Dabkowski Matthew , Driscoll Patrick J. , DuBois Patrick 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn multi‐criteria value modelling (MCVM), uncertainty clouds decision making by complicating choices that inevitably must be made among an offering of competing alternatives. In stochastic MCVM settings involving value versus cost (risk) tradeoffs, exposing and communicating ramifications that choice instigates becomes increasingly difficult directly in response to the increased sophistication of mathematical methods needed to distinguish between alternatives, leaving the decision maker potentially unprepared for eventual opportunity or disaster. This article introduces an approach called realization analysis that leverages stochastic simulation, probability theory and tradespace geometry to estimate full spectrum outcome probabilities in an effort to enrich decision making and reduce the potential for surprise or regret, demonstrating its effectiveness when competing alternatives are tightly co‐mingled in their potential realizations causing issues for traditional stochastic dominance methods. The approach is surprisingly straightforward to implement, with results easily communicated to technical and non‐technical decision makers. A brief acquisition case study involving competing alternatives is presented to illustrate how this approach offers advantages for multi‐criteria decision analysis practice.
Emerging use of senolytics and senomorphics against aging and chronic diseases
Authors: Martel Jan , Ojcius David M. , Wu Cheng‐Yeu , Peng Hsin‐Hsin , Voisin Laurent , Perfettini Jean‐Luc , Ko Yun‐Fei , Young John D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSenescence is a state of cell cycle arrest that plays an important role in embryogenesis, wound healing and protection against cancer. Senescent cells also accumulate during aging and contribute to the development of age‐related disorders and chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and liver disease. Molecules that induce apoptosis of senescent cells, such as dasatinib, quercetin, and fisetin, produce health benefits and extend lifespan in animal models. We describe here the mechanism of action of senolytics and senomorphics, many of which are derived from plants and fungi. We also discuss the possibility of using such compounds to delay aging and treat chronic diseases in humans.
During Hospitalization, Older Patients at Risk for Malnutrition Consume <0.65 Grams of Protein per Kilogram Body Weight per Day
Authors: Weijzen Michelle E. G. , Kouw Imre W. K. , Geerlings Phil , Verdijk Lex B. , van Loon Luc J. C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is prevalent in hospitalized patients. To support muscle maintenance in older and chronically ill patients, a protein intake of 1.2–1.5 g/kg/d has been recommended during hospitalization. We assessed daily protein intake levels and distribution in older patients at risk for malnutrition during hospitalization.MethodsIn this prospective, observational study, we measured actual food and food supplement consumption in patients (n = 102; age, 68 ± 14 years; hospital stay, 14 [8–28] days) at risk of malnutrition during hospitalization. Food provided by hospital meals, ONS, and snacks and the actual amount of food (not) consumed were weighed and recorded for all patients.ResultsHospital meals provided 1.03 [0.77–1.26] protein, whereas actual protein consumption was only 0.65 [0.37–0.93] g/kg/d. Protein intake at breakfast, lunch, and dinner was 10 [6–15], 9 [5–14], and 13 [9–18] g, respectively. The use of ONS (n = 62) resulted in greater energy (1.26 [0.40–1.79] MJ/d, 300 [100–430] kcal/d) and protein intake levels (11 [4–16] g/d), without changing the macronutrient composition of the diet.ConclusionDespite protein provision of ∼1.0 g/kg/d, protein intake remains well below these values (∼0.65 g/kg/d), as 30%–40% of the provided food and supplements is not consumed. Provision of ONS may increase energy and protein intake but does not change the macronutrient composition of the diet. Current nutrition strategies to achieve the recommended daily protein intake in older patients during their hospitalization are not as effective as generally assumed.
UV‐light mediated decomposition of a polyester for enrichment and release of semiconducting carbon nanotubes
Authors: Bodnaryk William J. , Li Kelvin , Adronov Alex 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurification of single‐walled carbon nanotubes using conjugated polymers to selectively disperse either semiconducting or metallic nanotubes is effective and has received significant attention. However, the interaction between the conjugated polymer and the nanotube surface is very strong, making it difficult to remove the adsorbed polymer. Here, we report a poly(carbazole‐co‐terephthalate) polymer that is not only selective for semiconducting carbon nanotubes but can also be largely removed from the nanotube surface via irradiation with UV light. Irradiation of the polymer‐nanotube dispersion causes degradation of ester linkages in the polymer backbone, effectively cutting the polymer into fragments that no longer bind strongly to the nanotube surface. Characterization of the electronic nature of the samples was carried out via the combination of absorption, Raman, and fluorescence spectroscopy. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis allowed determination of the amount of polymer left on the nanotube surface after irradiation and indicated that a large proportion of the polymer is removed. The reported methodology opens new possibilities for purification of semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes and their isolation from the polymeric dispersant.
Clinical characteristics of acute respiratory syndrome with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children in South China
Authors: Zheng Guilang , Wang Bangqin , Zhang Hua , Xie Chuxing , Zhang Yuehua , Wen Zhihong , Guo Qingyun , Zhu Hong , Ye Guojing , Liang Jiayi , Meng Qiong , Xie Jingquan , Jiang Suhua , Liu Guojun , Gao Wenjun , Wang Yanhao , Guo Yuxiong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundA retrospective study was conducted to summarize the clinical information of childhood infections during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) epidemic.MethodsChildren with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in 11 hospitals from three provinces of South China were included in the study. Clinical information was collected and compared with children and adults infected by SARS‐CoV‐2 in Wuhan.ResultsIn total, 52 children were enrolled, including 28 boys. The median age was 9 years (interquartile range [IQR], 4‐12); 44.2% cases were of clustered occurrences, 40.4% patients had fever, 48.1% had cough, and 46.2% had a high lymphocyte count. No abnormalities were found in the liver and kidney function. Also, 82.7% of patients received antiviral therapy, but such therapy did not shorten the time to virus negativity or hospital stay (P = .082). The time to virus negativity was 12.0 days (IQR, 8.0‐16.8) and hospital stay was 14.5 days (IQR, 10.3‐17.9). Compared with reports in Wuhan, there were more acute upper respiratory tract infection (AURTI) and fewer pneumonia cases (P = .000). Compared with the non‐ICU adult COVID‐19 in Wuhan, these children's diseases were relatively mild, with fewer complications.ConclusionsChildren with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection had a mild fever, lymphocyte elevation was more common than reduction, and antiviral treatment had no obvious effect. The overall clinical manifestations were mild, and the prognosis was good.
Healthcare utilization and costs of pediatric home mechanical ventilation in Canada
Authors: Nonoyama Mika L. , Katz Sherri L. , Amin Reshma , McKim Douglas A. , Guerriere Denise , Coyte Peter C. , Wasilewski Marina , Zagorski Brandon , Rose Louise 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildren using home mechanical ventilation (HMV) live at home with better quality of life, despite financial burden for their family. Previous studies of healthcare utilization and costs have not considered public and private expenditures, including family caregiver time. Our objective was to examine public and private healthcare utilization and costs for children using HMV, and variables associated with highest costs.MethodsLongitudinal, prospective, observational cost analysis study (2012‐2014) collecting data on public and private (out‐of‐pocket, third‐party insurance, and caregiving) costs every 2 weeks for 6 months using the Ambulatory Home Care Record. Functional Independence Measure (FIM), WeeFIM, and Caregiving Impact Scale (CIS) were measured at baseline and study completion. Regression modeling examined a priori selected variables associated with monthly costs using Andersen and Newman's framework for healthcare utilization, relevant literature, and clinical expertise. Data are reported in 2015 Canadian dollars ($1CAD = $0.78USD).ResultsForty two children and their caregivers were enrolled. Overall median (interquartile range) monthly healthcare cost was $12 131 ($8159‐$15 958) comprising $9929 (89%) family caregiving hours, $996 (9%) publicly funded, and $252 (2%) out‐of‐pocket (<1% third‐party insurance) costs. With higher FIM score (lower dependency), median costs were reduced by 4.5% (95% confidence interval: 8.3%‐0.5%), adjusted for age, sex, tracheostomy, and daily ventilation duration. Note: since the three cost categories did not sum to the total statistically derived median cost, the percentage of each category used the sum of median public + caregiver lost time + private out‐of‐pocket + third‐party insurance as the denominator.ConclusionsFor HMV children, most healthcare costs were due to family caregiving costs. More dependent children incur highest costs. The financial burden to family caregivers is substantial and needs to considered in future policy decisions related to pediatric HMV.
Design, synthesis and herbicidal evaluation of novel uracil derivatives containing an isoxazoline moiety
Authors: Yang Jichun , Guan Aiying , Wu Qiao , Cui Dongliang , Liu Changling 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlyphosate is the most widely used and successful herbicide discovered to date, but its utility is now threatened by the occurrence of several glyphosate‐resistant weed species. Saflufenacil is a relatively new herbicide developed by BASF in 2010. It is a highly effective selective herbicide showing excellent control on broadleaf weeds (more than 90 species), significantly superior to other protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor herbicides at the level of weeds controlled. It is also effective against glyphosate‐resistant Conyza canadensis if used in combination with glyphosate. A series of novel uracil‐based PPO inhibitors containing an isoxazoline moiety were designed via the intermediate derivatization method, synthesized using a key saflufenacil raw material as starting material and evaluated for herbicidal activity.RESULTSThe target compounds were characterized by 1H NMR and high‐resolution electrospray mass spectra. Bioassays indicated that some title compounds can control efficiently and effectively both broadleaf weeds and grassy weeds at low doses, especially the glyphosate‐resistant weeds C. canadensis and Eleusine indica.CONCLUSIONThis work provides a basis for further studies of 9b for control of a wider range of weeds, particularly for glyphosate‐resistant weeds.
Ultrasensitive Fluorescent Detection of Tetracycline Based on Selective Supramolecular Interaction of Nitrogen Chlorine Co–Doped Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Gu Bingli , Chen Da , Gao Bo , Liu Zhiduo , Wang Zihao , Wang Ting , Yang Yongsheng , Guo Qinglei , Wang Gang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHerein, a simple bottom‐up method for producing nitrogen and chlorine co‐doped graphene quantum dots (N, Cl‐GQDs) was proposed by utilizing citric acid and 3,4‐dichloroaniline via hydrothermal treatment, and a fluorescent sensor for the detection of tetracycline was demonstrated. These synthesized N, Cl‐GQDs consist mostly of 1–3 layers with a uniform size of about 4.5 nm. Strong blue fluorescence with a quantum yield of 23.2 % was observed from the obtained N, Cl‐GQDs when irradiated with a 365 nm UV light. Systematic studies indicate that N, Cl‐GQDs have several superior features, including excitation‐independent emission, high monodispersity, good stability and water solubility. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity of N, Cl‐GQDs could be significantly quenched by the addition of a small amount of tetracycline. Finally, a fluorescent probe for the detection of tetracycline with a detection limit of 68 nM was proved, which exhibits great potentials for biosensors and biological imaging.
Deep Eutectic Solvents Consisting of 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Chloride and Biobased 2‐Pyrrolidone for Reversible SO2 Capture
Authors: Lv Meng , Yang Dezhong , Chen Jie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDeep eutectic solvents are regarded as promising materials for capturing sulfur dioxide (SO2), a toxic and acidic gas. Using biobased material to synthesis DESs is in agreement with the principles of sustainable chemistry. In this work, DESs consisting of biobased 2‐pyrrolidone (2‐Pyr) and solid ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([Emim][Cl]) were used to capture SO2. The SO2 absorption capacities of three DESs, including [Emim][Cl]:2‐Pyr(2 : 1, molar ratio), [Emim][Cl]:2‐Pyr(1 : 1) and [Emim][Cl]:2‐Pyr(1 : 2), at various conditions were determined. The hydrogen bonding interactions between [Emim][Cl] and 2‐Pyr were studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique. The thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was applied to study the thermal stability of DESs. The results indicated that these DESs based on 2‐Pyr could efficiently absorb SO2. In particular, [Emim][Cl]:2‐Pyr(2 : 1) revealed a high SO2 uptake capacity of 1.36 g SO2/g solvent at 1.0 atm, and it also showed an attractive uptake capacity of 0.160 g SO2/g solvent even at 2000 ppm of SO2. Moreover, the absorption mechanism was investigated by using FTIR and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra.