bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the anisotropic confinement-dependent brittleness of a Utah coal
Authors: Kim Bo-Hyun , Walton Gabriel , Larson Mark K. , Berry Steve 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChanges of failure mechanism with increasing confinement, from extensional to shear-dominated failure, are widely observed in the rupture of intact specimens at the laboratory scale and in rock masses. In an analysis published in 2018, both unconfined and triaxial compressive tests were conducted to investigate the strength characteristics of 84 specimens of a Utah coal, including the spalling limits, the ratio of apparent unconfined compressive strength to unconfined compressive strength (UCS), the damage characteristics, and the post-yield dilatancy. These mechanical characteristics were found to be strongly anisotropic as a function of the orientation of the cleats relative to the loading direction, defined as the included angle. A total of four different included angles were used in the work performed in 2018. The authors found that the degree of anisotropic strength differed according to the included angle. However, the transition from extensional to shear failure at the given confinements was not clearly identified. In this study, a total of 20 specimens were additionally prepared from the same coal sample used in the previous study and then tested under both unconfined and triaxial compressive conditions. Because the authors already knew the most contrasting cases of the included angles from the previous work using the four included angles, they chose only two of the included angles (0° and 30°) for this study. For the triaxial compressive tests, a greater confining stress than the mean UCS was applied to the specimens in an attempt to identify the brittle-ductile transition of the coal. The new results have been compiled with the previous results in order to re-evaluate the confinement-dependency of the coal behavior. Additionally, the different confining stresses are used as analogs for different width-to-height (W/H) conditions of pillar strength. Although theW/Hratios of the specimens were not directly considered during testing, the equivalentW/Hratios of a pillar as a function of the confining stresses were estimated using an existing empirical solution. According to this relationship, theW/Hat which in situ pillar behavior would be expected to transition from brittle to ductile is identified.
La stéatopathie dysmétabolique
Authors: Zampaglione Lucia , Ferrari Jacopo , Goossens Nicolas 
Published: September 2020

RésuméLa stéatopathie dysmétabolique (NAFLD) est une maladie hépatique à évolution lente qui comprend un spectre allant de la stéatose hépatique non alcoolique, à la stéatohépatite non alcoolique (NASH) et dans les cas graves, la cirrhose. La NAFLD est la pathologie hépatique la plus répandue dans les pays occidentaux industrialisés, dont la Suisse, avec une prévalence en croissance rapide reflétant celle de l’obésité et du diabète de type 2. Un panel d’experts a récemment proposé l’utilisation d’une nomenclature alternative, la stéatose hépatique associée à un dysfonctionnement métabolique (MAFLD) dont l’utilisation reste discutée. Bien qu’il existe un pipeline de développement de médicaments très actif et que de nombreux médicaments sont actuellement en essai clinique de phase II et III, aucun traitement pharmacologique n’a encore été approuvé pour la NASH. Dans certains cas une chirurgie bariatrique pourra être discutée. Néanmoins, à l’heure actuelle, la prise en charge reste centrée sur les mesures hygiéno-diététiques et le suivi par le médecin de premier recours ou le spécialiste en fonction du stade d’hépatopathie et des comorbidités.
BLOCKS WITH SMALL-DIMENSIONAL BASIC ALGEBRA
Authors: SAMBALE BENJAMIN 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLinckelmann and Murphy have classified the Morita equivalence classes of p-blocks of finite groups whose basic algebra has dimension at most
$12$
. We extend their classification to dimension
$13$
and
$14$
. As predicted by Donovan’s conjecture, we obtain only finitely many such Morita equivalence classes.
Paternalism as Punishment
Authors: Birks David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, I argue that even if we hold that at least some paternalistic behaviour is impermissible when directed towards innocent persons, in certain cases, the same behaviour is permissible when directed towards criminal offenders. I also defend the claim that in some cases it is morally preferable to behave paternalistically towards offenders as an alternative to traditional methods of punishment. I propose that the reason paternalistic behaviour is sometimes permissible towards an offender is the same reason that inflicting intentional harm on an offender is permissible – namely, that it is sometimes a morally justified method of punishing an offender for his wrongdoing.
Altered dynamic interactions within frontostriatal circuits reflect disturbed craving processing in internet gaming disorder
Authors: Zeng Ningning , Wang Min , Dong Haohao , Du Xiaoxia , Dong Guang-Heng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with internet gaming disorder (IGD) are generally characterized by impaired executive control, persistent game-craving, and excessive reward-seeking behaviors. However, the causal interactions within the frontostriatal circuits underlying these problematic behaviors remain unclear. Here, spectral dynamic causal modeling (spDCM) was implemented to explore this issue.MethodsResting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 317 online game players (148 IGD subjects and 169 recreational game users (RGUs)) were collected. Using independent component analysis, we determined six region of interests within frontostriatal circuits for further spDCM analysis, and further statistical analyses based on the parametric empirical Bayes framework were performed.ResultsCompared with RGUs, IGD subjects showed inhibitory effective connectivity from the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) to the right caudate and from the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to the left OFC; at the same time, excitatory effective connectivity was observed from the thalamus to the left OFC. Correlation analyses results showed that the directional connection from the right OFC to the right caudate was negatively associated with addiction severity.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the disrupted causal interactions between specific regions might contribute to dysfunctions within frontostriatal circuits in IGD, and the pathway from the right OFC to the right caudate could serve as a target for brain modulation in future IGD interventions.
An ASP approach for reasoning in a concept-aware multipreferential lightweight DL
Authors: Giordano Laura , Theseider Dupré Daniele 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper we develop a concept aware multi-preferential semantics for dealing with typicality in description logics, where preferences are associated with concepts, starting from a collection of ranked TBoxes containing defeasible concept inclusions. Preferences are combined to define a preferential interpretation in which defeasible inclusions can be evaluated. The construction of the concept-aware multipreference semantics is related to Brewka’s framework for qualitative preferences. We exploit Answer Set Programming (in particular,asprin) to achieve defeasible reasoning under the multipreference approach for the lightweight description logic ξ$\mathcal L_ \bot ^ + $.
Mi casa es tu casa? The Limits of Inter-systemic Dispute Resolution
Authors: Camarena Rodrigo , Condon Bradly J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe ‘new NAFTA’ agreement between Canada, Mexico, and the United States maintained the system for binational panel judicial review of antidumping and countervailing duty determinations of domestic government agencies. In US–Mexico disputes, this hybrid system brings together Spanish and English-speaking lawyers from the civil and the common law to solve legal disputes applying domestic law. These panels raise issues regarding potential bicultural, bilingual, and bijural (mis)understandings in legal reasoning. Do differences in language, legal traditions, and legal cultures limit the effectiveness of inter-systemic dispute resolution? We analyze all of the decisions of NAFTA panels in US–Mexico disputes regarding Mexican antidumping and countervailing duty determinations and the profiles of the corresponding panelists. This case study tests whether one can actually comprehend the ‘other’. To what extent can a common law, English-speaking lawyer understand and apply Mexican law, expressed in Spanish and rooted in a distinct legal culture?
Chronic immobilization stress induces anxiety-related behaviors and	affects brain essential minerals in male rats
Authors: Sahin Zafer , Ozkurkculer Alpaslan , Kalkan Omer Faruk , Ozkaya Ahmet , Koc Aynur , Koca Raviye Ozen , Solak Hatice , Gormus Zulfikare Isik Solak , Kutlu Selim 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Alterations of essential elements in the brain are associated with the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. It is known that chronic/overwhelming stress may cause some anxiety and/or depression. We aimed to investigate the effects of two different chronic immobilization stress protocols on anxiety-related behaviors and brain minerals. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups as follows ( n = 10/group): control, immobilization stress-1 (45 minutes daily for 7-day) and immobilization stress-2 (45 minutes twice a day for 7-day). Stress-related behaviors were evaluated by open field test and forced swimming test. In the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups, percentage of time spent in the central area (6.38 ± 0.41% and 6.28 ± 1.03% respectively, p < 0.05) and rearing frequency (2.75 ± 0.41 and 3.85 ± 0.46, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) were lower, latency to center area (49.11 ± 5.87 s and 44.92 ± 8.04 s, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively), were higher than the control group (8.65 ± 0.49%, 5.37 ± 0.44 and 15.3 ± 3.32 s, respectively). In the immobilization stress-1 group, zinc (12.65 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.001), magnesium (170.4 ± 1.7 ppm, p < 0.005) and phosphate (2.76 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were lower than the control group (13.87 ± 0.16 ppm, 179.31 ± 1.87 ppm and 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, respectively). In the immobilization stress-2 group, magnesium (171.56 ± 1.87 ppm, p < 0.05), phosphate (2.44 ± 0.07 ppm, p < 0.001) levels were lower, and manganese (373.68 ± 5.76 ppb, p < 0.001) and copper (2.79 ± 0.15 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were higher than the control group (179.31 ± 1.87 ppm, 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, 327.25 ± 8.35 ppb and 2.45 ± 0.05 ppm, respectively). Our results indicated that 7-day chronic immobilization stress increased anxiety-related behaviors in both stress groups. Zinc, magnesium, phosphate, copper and manganese levels were affected in the brain.
Intermittency and Passive Scalar Nature of Electron Density Fluctuations in the High‐Latitude Ionosphere at Swarm Altitude
Authors: Consolini G. , De Michelis P. , Alberti T. , Coco I. , Giannattasio F. , Tozzi R. , Carbone V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSome physical processes due to Sun‐Earth interaction can influence the configuration and the dynamics of the high‐latitude ionospheric plasma, particularly during geomagnetically disturbed periods. A possible consequence of this interaction is the occurrence of turbulent fluctuations that can be observed both in magnetic and electric fields and plasma density. Here, we focus on the intermittent nature of high‐latitude ionospheric electron density fluctuations during geomagnetically disturbed periods as observed by one of the satellites of the ESA‐Swarm constellation. The most obvious finding emerging from this study is the strong intermittent character of electron density fluctuations and the existence of an agreement between the anomalous scaling features of electron density fluctuations and those expected from a passive scalar quantity in fluid turbulence. This latter result supports the view of a passive scalar behavior of electron density in the high‐latitude ionosphere that can have significant implications in the field of Space Weather studies.
Interaction Between a Southwestward Propagating MSTID and a Poleward Moving WSA‐Like Plasma Patch on a Magnetically Quiet Night at Midlatitude China Region
Authors: Sun Longchang , Xu Jiyao , Zhu Yajun , Yuan Wei , Chen Zhiqing , Hao Yongqiang , Hu Lianhuan , Zhang Donghe , Guo Bing , Zhao Xiukuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we first investigate the effects of a postevening Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA)‐like plasma patch on a southwestward propagating medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbance (MSTID) over Xinglong, China (40.4°N, 117.6°E; Mlat. ~30.4°N). We found that some of this kind of WSA‐like plasma patches moved northward from the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) regions to midlatitudes, as they traveled westward into China. During 2012–2016, these plasma patches frequently occurred during the period of May–August with a monthly occurrence rate of over 20%, causing nighttime plasma density enhancements (NPDEs) in midlatitudes of China. Over 50% of these structures were accompanied by concurrent MSTID and Es. We propose that an intense polarization electric field (PEF) associated with an MSTID/Es from the more northern regions of EIA could frequently drive these plasma patches poleward. On the night of 27 June 2014 (Kp < 2−), either an MSTID and an intense Es layer (the maximum foEs >12 MHz) occurred at the onset of the poleward motion of a WSA‐like plasma patch, lending credence to this possibility. The observed plasma patch was pushed poleward to interact with the observed MSTID, causing some poleward extending C‐shaped airglow depletions/enhancements of the MSTID in a transition region where the ionosphere changed from a collapse region to an uplifted one. We attributed those poleward extending airglow depletions to the interaction between the MSTID and the plasma patch because of the secondary gradient drift instability and those of airglow enhancements to the redistribution of plasma.
A Tsunami Warning System Based on Offshore Bottom Pressure Gauges and Data Assimilation for Crete Island in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Heidarzadeh Mohammad , Satake Kenji , Mulia Iyan E. , Yamada Masaki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Eastern Mediterranean Basin (EMB) is under the threat of tsunami events triggered by various causes including earthquakes and landslides. We propose a deployment of Offshore Bottom Pressure Gauges (OBPGs) around Crete Island, which would enable tsunami early warning by data assimilation for disaster mitigation. Our OBPG network consists of 12 gauges distributed around Crete Island, with a 100‐km interval, based on three criteria to select the locations. The station network must have a good azimuthal coverage and have enough (>50 km) distance from the coast, and the OBPGs are placed at the locations where the most energetic wave dynamics occur, which is confirmed by Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis of pre‐calculated tsunami scenarios. We demonstrate three test cases comprising a hypothetical seismogenic tsunami in east Sicily, a hypothetical landslide tsunami in the Aegean Sea, and the real tsunami event of the May 2020 off the Crete earthquake. Our designed OBPG network achieves an accuracy of 88.5% for the hypothetical seismogenic tsunami and 87.3% for the hypothetical landslide tsunami with regard to the forecasting of first tsunami peak. For the real event of May 2020, it predicts the tsunami arrival at tide gauge NOA‐04 accurately; the observed and forecasted amplitudes of the first wave are 5.0 cm and 4.5 cm, respectively. The warning lead time for the May 2020 event was ~10 min. Therefore, our results reveal that the assimilation of OBPG data can satisfactorily forecast the amplitudes and arrival times for tsunamis in the EMB.
Mean Climate and Tropical Rainfall Variability in Aquaplanet Simulations Using the Model for Prediction Across Scales‐Atmosphere
Authors: Rios‐Berrios R. , Medeiros B. , Bryan G. H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAquaplanet experiments are important tools for understanding and improving physical processes simulated by global models; yet, previous aquaplanet experiments largely differ in their representation of subseasonal tropical rainfall variability. This study presents results from aquaplanet experiments produced with the Model for Prediction Across Scales‐Atmosphere (MPAS‐A)—a community model specifically designed to study weather and climate in a common framework. The mean climate and tropical rainfall variability simulated by MPAS‐A with varying horizontal resolution were compared against results from a recent suite of aquaplanet experiments. This comparison shows that, regardless of horizontal resolution, MPAS‐A produces the expected mean climate of an aquaplanet framework with zonally symmetric but meridionally varying sea‐surface temperature. MPAS‐A, however, has a stronger signal of tropical rainfall variability driven by convectively coupled equatorial waves. Sensitivity experiments with different cumulus parameterizations, physics packages, and vertical grids consistently show the presence of those waves, especially equatorial Kelvin waves, in phase with lower‐tropospheric convergence. Other models do not capture such rainfall‐kinematics phasing. These results suggest that simulated tropical rainfall variability depends not only on the cumulus parameterization (as suggested by previous studies) but also on the coupling between physics and dynamics of climate and weather prediction models.
Biofilm matrix disrupts nematode motility and predatory behavior
Authors: Chan Shepherd Yuen , Liu Sylvia Yang , Seng Zijing , Chua Song Lin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In nature, bacteria form biofilms by producing exopolymeric matrix that encases its entire community. While it is widely known that biofilm matrix can prevent bacterivore predation and contain virulence factors for killing predators, it is unclear if they can alter predator motility. Here, we report a novel “quagmire” phenotype, where Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms could retard the motility of bacterivorous nematode Caenorhabditis elegans via the production of a specific exopolysaccharide, Psl. Psl could reduce the roaming ability of C. elegans by impeding the slithering velocity of C. elegans. Furthermore, the presence of Psl in biofilms could entrap C. elegans within the matrix, with dire consequences to the nematode. After being trapped in biofilms, C. elegans could neither escape effectively from aversive stimuli (noxious blue light), nor leave easily to graze on susceptible biofilm areas. Hence, this reduced the ability of C. elegans to roam and predate on biofilms. Taken together, our work reveals a new function of motility interference by specific biofilm matrix components, and emphasizes its importance in predator–prey interactions.
Subjective mental health, incidence of depressive symptoms in later life, and the role of epigenetics: results from two longitudinal cohort studies
Authors: Perna Laura , Zhang Yan , Matias-Garcia Pamela R. , Ladwig Karl-Heinz , Wiechmann Tobias , Wild Beate , Waldenberger Melanie , Schöttker Ben , Mons Ute , Ihle Andreas , Kliegel Matthias , Schwettmann Lars , Peters Annette , Brenner Hermann 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe role of self-perceived general health in predicting morbidity and mortality among older people is established. The predictive value of self-perceived mental health and of its possible biological underpinnings for future depressive symptoms is unexplored. This study aimed to assess the role of mental health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and of its epigenetic markers in predicting depressive symptoms among older people without lifetime history of depression. Data were based on a subgroup (n = 1 492) of participants of the longitudinal ESTHER study. An epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of mental HRQOL was conducted using DNA from baseline whole blood samples and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the predictive value of methylation beta values of EWAS identified CpGs for incidence of depressive symptoms in later life. The methylation analyses were replicated in the independent KORA cohort (n = 890) and a meta-analysis of the two studies was conducted. Results of the meta-analysis showed that participants with beta values of cg27115863 within quartile 1 (Q1) had nearly a two-fold increased risk of developing depressive symptoms compared to participants with beta values within Q4(ORQ1vsQ4 = 1.80; CI 1.25–2.61). In the ESTHER study the predictive value of subjective mental health for future depressive symptoms was also assessed and for 10-unit increase in mental HRQOL scores the odds for incident depressive symptoms were reduced by 54% (OR 0.46; CI 0.40–0.54). These findings suggest that subjective mental health and hypomethylation at cg27115863 are predictive of depressive symptoms, possibly through the activation of inflammatory signaling pathway.
A 3-year follow-up study of atropine treatment for progressive myopia in Europeans
Authors: Polling Jan Roelof , Tan Emily , Driessen Sjoerd , Loudon Sjoukje E. , Wong Hoi-Lam , van der Schans Astrid , Tideman J. Willem L. , Klaver Caroline C. W. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Atropine is the most powerful treatment for progressive myopia in childhood. This study explores the 3-year effectiveness of atropine in a clinical setting.

Methods
In this prospective clinical effectiveness study, children with progressive myopia ≥ 1D/year or myopia ≤ −2.5D were prescribed atropine 0.5%. Examination, including cycloplegic refraction and axial length (AL), was performed at baseline, and follow-up. Outcome measures were spherical equivalent (SER) and AL; annual progression of SER on treatment was compared with that prior to treatment. Adjustments to the dose were made after 1 year in case of low (AL ≥ 0.3 mm/year) or high response (AL < 0.1 mm/year) of AL.

Results
A total of 124 patients were enrolled in the study (median age: 9.5, range: 5–16 years). At baseline, median SER was −5.03D (interquartile range (IQR): 3.08); median AL was 25.14 mm (IQR: 1.30). N = 89 (71.8%) children were persistent to therapy throughout the 3-year follow-up. Median annual progression of SER for these children was −0.25D (IQR: 0.44); of AL 0.11 mm (IQR: 0.18). Of these, N = 32 (36.0%) had insufficient response and were assigned to atropine 1%; N = 26 (29.2%) showed good response and underwent tapering in dose. Rebound of AL progression was not observed. Of the children who ceased therapy, N = 9 were lost to follow-up; N = 9 developed an allergic reaction; and N = 17 (19.1%) stopped due to adverse events.

Conclusion
In children with or at risk of developing high myopia, a starting dose of atropine 0.5% was associated with decreased progression in European children during a 3-year treatment regimen. Our study supports high-dose atropine as a treatment option for children at risk of developing high myopia in adulthood.