bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A big-data analysis of political rhetoric relating the developments of the United States, China, and global powers
Authors: Carter Patrick , Wang Jeffrie , Chau Davis 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe similarities between the developments of the United States (U.S.) and China into global powers (countries with global economic, military, and political influence) can be analyzed through big data analysis from both countries. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether or not China is on the same path to becoming a world power like what the U.S. did one hundred years ago.Design/methodology/approachThe data of this study is drawn from political rhetoric and linguistic analysis by using “big data” technology to identify the most common words and political trends over time from speeches made by the U.S. and Chinese leaders from three periods, including 1905-1945 in U.S., 1977-2017 in U.S. and 1977-2017 in China.FindingsRhetoric relating to national identity was most common amongst Chinese and the U.S. leaders over time. The differences between the early-modern U.S. and the current U.S. showed the behavioral changes of countries as they become powerful. It is concluded that China is not a world power at this stage. Yet, it is currently on the path towards becoming one, and is already reflecting characteristics of present-day U.S., a current world power.Originality/valueThis paper presents a novel approach to analyze historical documents through big data text mining, a methodology scarcely used in historical studies. It highlights how China as of now is most likely in a transitionary stage of becoming a world power.
The hemolymph of Biomphalaria snail vectors of schistosomiasis supports a diverse microbiome
Authors: Chevalier Frédéric D. , Diaz Robbie , McDew‐White Marina , Anderson Timothy J. C. , Le Clec'h Winka 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe microbiome ‐ the microorganism community that is found on or within an organism's body ‐ is increasingly recognized to shape many aspects of its host biology and is a key determinant of health and disease. Microbiomes modulate the capacity of insect disease vectors (mosquitoes, tsetse flies, sandflies) to transmit parasites and disease. We investigate the diversity and abundance of microorganisms within the hemolymph (i.e. blood) of Biomphalaria snails, the intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni, using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the bacterial 16S V4 rDNA. We sampled hemolymph from five snails from six different laboratory populations of B. glabrata and one population of B. alexandrina. We observed 279.84 ± 0.79 amplicon sequence variants per snail. There were significant differences in microbiome composition at the level of individual snails, snail populations and species. Snail microbiomes were dominated by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes while water microbiomes from snail tank were dominated by Actinobacteria. We investigated the absolute bacterial load using qPCR: hemolymph samples contained 2784 ± 339 bacteria/μl. We speculate that the microbiome may represent a critical, but unexplored intermediary in the snail–schistosome interaction as hemolymph is in very close contact with the parasite at each step of its development.
Do outliers matter? The predictive ability of average skewness on market returns using robust skewness measures
Authors: Bo Xu Chong , Han Jianlei , Liao Yin , Shi Jing , Yan Wu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe used robust skewness measures to revisit a recent theory that the average asymmetry (measured by the average monthly skewness values across firms) can negatively predict future market returns. Skewness measures employed in previous studies are moment‐based which are normally sensitive to outliers of returns. We thus consider a quantile‐based robust skewness measure and find that the predictive power of the average skewness to market returns no longer exists. Instead, we find a negative relation between the average expected (or ex‐ante) skewness and market returns, suggesting that investors’ average expectation on skewness can negatively predict market returns.
Ideology, Not Affect: What Americans Want from Political Representation
Authors: Costa Mia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHow do citizens want to be represented by elected officials in an era of affective polarization? Contemporary narratives about American politics argue that people embrace elite expressions of negative partisanship, above and beyond representation on policy. Using three conjoint experiments, I examine how individuals weigh the relative value of substantive representation on issues, constituency service, and partisan affect. The findings challenge the notion that Americans are primarily motivated by their affective, partisan identities and demonstrate the value of policy congruence and service responsiveness in terms of perceptions of political representation. The implication is that people evaluate elected officials in ways that we would expect them to in a healthy, functioning representative democracy, rather than one characterized by partisan animus. Even if polarization is driven by “affect, not ideology,” citizens prioritize representational styles centered around the issues that matter to them.
In defense of dignity: Reflections on the moral function of human dignity
Authors: Árnason Vilhjálmur 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper defends human dignity in two ways. First, by confronting the criticism that human dignity does not serve an important function in contemporary moral discourse and that its function can be sufficiently performed by other moral terms. It is argued that this criticism invites a danger of moral reductionism, which impoverishes moral discourse. The authority of moral philosophy to correct widely shared moral intuitions, rooted in experiences of grave injustices and wrongs, is questioned. Secondly, dignity is defended by showing what is needed to uphold it, both in theory and practice. It is argued, and demonstrated through examples, that human dignity as a universal value ascribed to human beings and the virtue of dignified action are intimately related. This is fleshed out in terms of Kant’s analysis of respect in the practical sense and of virtue as a commitment to the value of dignity as a constitutive end of our moral order. It is furthermore argued that theoretical attempts to ground respect for dignity in human capacities lead to a moral impasse. It is necessary to act as if every human being is worthy of respect. This practical approach requires institutions and specified moral obligations that are integral to the democratic ethos and the rule of law, which guarantees the equal status of human beings. This practical task requires that we consistently tease out and act on the implications of these principles rather than seek deeper justification for the equal worth of humans, articulated in the term human dignity.
Heterozygous PAX6 mutations may lead to hyper‐proinsulinaemia and glucose intolerance: A case–control study in families with congenital aniridia
Authors: Tian Wei , Zhu Xiao‐Rong , Qiao Chun‐Yan , Ma Ying‐Nan , Yang Fang‐Yuan , Zhou Zhen , Feng Jian‐Ping , Sun Ran , Xie Rong‐Rong , Lu Jing , Cao Xi , Zhou Jian‐Bo , Yang Jin‐Kui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimPAX6 is a transcription factor involved in embryonic development of many organs, including the eyes and the pancreas. Mutations of PAX6 gene is the main cause of a rare disease, congenital aniridia (CA). This case–control study aims to investigate the effects of PAX6 mutations on glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in families with CA.MethodsIn all, 21 families with CA were screened by Sanger sequencing. Patients with PAX6 mutations and CA (cases) and age‐matched healthy family members (controls) were enrolled. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to detect diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Insulin and proinsulin secretion were evaluated.ResultsAmong 21 CA families, heterozygous PAX6 mutations were detected in five families. Among cases (n = 10) from the five families, two were diagnosed with newly identified diabetes and another two were diagnosed with IGT. Among controls (n = 12), two had IGT. The levels of haemoglobin A1c were 36 ± 4 mmol/mol (5.57 ± 0.46%) and 32 ± 5 mmol/L (5.21 ± 0.54%) in the cases and the controls, respectively (p = 0.049). More importantly, levels of proinsulin in the cases were significantly higher than that of the controls, despite similar levels of total insulin. The areas under the curve of proinsulin in the cases (6425 ± 4390) were significantly higher than that of the controls (3709 ± 1769) (p = 0.032).ConclusionPAX6 may participate in the production of proinsulin to insulin and heterozygous PAX6 mutations may be associated with glucose metabolism in CA patients.
Management guideline for Werner syndrome 2020. 3. Diabetes associated with Werner syndrome
Authors: Takemoto Minoru , Kubota Yoshitaka , Taniguchi Toshibumi , Motegi Sei‐ichiro , Taniguchi Akira , Nakagami Hironori , Maezawa Yoshiro , Koshizaka Masaya , Kato Hisaya , Tsukamoto Kazuhisa , Mori Seijiro , Kuzuya Masafumi , Yokote Koutaro 
Published: November 2020

AimsTo evaluate the characteristics of diabetes associated with Werner syndrome.MethodsA literature search was done with search term “Werner syndrome” and “Diabetes”.Results and ConclusionsPrevalence of diabetes is extremely high in Werner syndrome. Diabetes associated with Werner syndrome is classified as “accompanied with other diseases and conditions and the one occurring mainly in association with other genetic syndromes.” This type of diabetes is marked by accumulated visceral fat and high insulin resistance, despite low body mass index. Thiazolidine derivatives and metformin are effective for glycemic control. New antidiabetic drugs, such as dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists, could be potentially beneficial for patients with Werner syndrome. Furthermore, the establishment of diet therapy as well as exercise therapy is warranted. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 142–145.
Development of Molybdenum Isotopic Certified Reference Materials with SI‐traceable Property Values
Authors: Song Pan‐shu , Wang Jun , Ren Tong‐xiang , Zhou Tao , Wang Song , Zhou Yuan‐jing 
Published: November 2020

Molybdenum isotopes have been widely studied and applied to various fields of Earth and planetary sciences in recent years. Inspired by the increasing demand for reliable and comparable measurement data, three molybdenum isotopic reference materials have been developed by the National Institute of Metrology (China), including one natural‐abundance iCRM (GBW 04504) and two isotopically enriched iCRMs of 97Mo (GBW 04505) and 100Mo (GBW 04506), respectively. The property values of isotope amount ratios and isotopic abundances of these iCRMs have been certified by fully calibrated mass spectrometry using a multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometer. The instrumental mass bias correction was performed using five synthetic isotope mixtures, which were gravimetrically prepared by all seven high‐purity molybdenum isotope materials. The determined absolute molybdenum isotopic compositions of GBW 04504, 04505 and 04506 are thus traceable to the SI units kilogram and mole. On the basis of the assessment in ISO Guide 35: 2017, these iCRMs exhibited sufficient homogeneity and stability for the application of molybdenum isotope‐ratio determinations. The δ98/95MoNIST SRM 3134 value of GBW 04504 was measured as −0.31 ± 0.07‰ (1sm) relative to the delta zero reference material NIST SRM 3134 (Lot No. 130418).
Different immune and functional effects of urban dust and diesel particulate matter inhalation in a mouse model of acute air pollution exposure
Authors: Shaw Odette M , Sawyer Gregory M , Hurst Roger D , Dinnan Hannah , Martell Sheridan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIncreased global industrialization has increased air pollution resulting in 3 million annual deaths globally. Air pollutants could have different health effects, so specific models to identify the different immune effects are needed. The aim of this study was to determine the immune effects and lung function of acute exposure to two different pollution sources using a mouse model. Three intranasal challenges with either urban dust or diesel particulate matter resulted in significant (P < 0.001) immune cell infiltration into the lung, which was mostly because of an increased (P < 0.001) percentage of neutrophils. We found that exposure to either urban dust or diesel particulate matter significantly increased the lung tissue concentration of the neutrophil chemoattractant cytokine CXCL5 when compared with naïve controls. The urban dust challenge also significantly increased the concentration of the proinflammatory cytokine CCL20, but diesel particulate matter did not. The urban dust challenge significantly (P < 0.001) decreased tissue compliance and ability to stretch, and increased total airways constriction and lung tissue stiffness. In comparison, diesel particulate matter exposure slightly, but significantly (P = 0.022), increased tissue compliance and did not affect other lung function parameters. Although both urban dust and diesel particulate matter induced immune cell infiltration into the lung resulting in lung inflammation, their detrimental effects on cytokine production and lung function were quite different. This may be attributed to the variation in particulates that comprise these pollutants that directly interact with the lung tissue and consequently elicit a different functional response.
The influence of iodide on glass transition temperature of high‐pressure nuclear waste glasses
Authors: Jolivet Valentin , Morizet Yann , Hamon Jonathan , Paris Michael , Suzuki‐Muresan Tomo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe glass transition temperature (Tg) is a key parameter to investigate for application in nuclear waste immobilization in borosilicate glasses. Tg for several glasses containing iodine (I) has been measured in order to determine the I effect on Tg. Two series of glass composition (ISG and NH) containing up to 2.5 mol% I and synthesized under high pressure (0.5 to 1.5 GPa) have been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The I local environment in glasses has been determined using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and revealed that I is dissolved under its iodide form (I−). Results show that Tg is decreased with the I addition in the glass in agreement with previous results. We also observed that this Tg decrease is a strong function of glass composition. For NH, 2.5 mol% I induces a decrease of 24°C in Tg, whereas for ISG, 1.2 mol% decreases the Tg by 64°C. We interpret this difference as the result of the I dissolution mechanism and its effect on the polymerization of the boron network. The I dissolution in ISG is accompanied by a depolymerization of the boron network, whereas it is the opposite in NH. Although ISG corresponds to a standardized glass, for the particular case of I immobilization it appears less adequate than NH considering that the decrease in Tg for NH is small in comparison to ISG.
Na2SO4 deposit‐induced hot corrosion of BN‐coated α‐SiC
Authors: Herweyer L. A. , Opila E. J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBN coated α‐SiC was exposed to ~2.5 mg/cm2 of Na2SO4 for 0.75‐144 hours between 700°C and 1100°C in a 0.1% SO2‐O2 gaseous environment. A combination of SEM, EDS, ICP‐OES, XRD, and optical profilometry was used to determine that BN induced a previously unobserved form of Na2SO4 deposit‐induced hot corrosion of SiC below the melting temperature of Na2SO4 (Tm = 884°C). Above the melting temperature of Na2SO4 BN did little to alter the hot corrosion behavior of SiC, due to B2O3 volatility. Substrate attack below the melting temperature of Na2SO4 was found to result in rivulet recession features, whereas deep, localized pitting occurred above the melting temperature of Na2SO4. Initially, the mixture of Na2SO4 and BN led to the formation of a Na2O‐ and B2O3‐containing liquid silicate and accelerated corrosion which after prolonged exposure, resulted in the partial crystallization into a lath‐like tridymite and cristobalite mixture. Prolonged exposure resulted in a flattening of SiC consumption rates after exposure for several hours at 1000°C and after several days at 800°C, resulting in decreased SiC oxidation/corrosion kinetics.
Historical climatic instability predicts the inverse latitudinal pattern in speciation rate of modern mammalian biota
Authors: Morales‐Barbero Jennifer , Gouveia Sidney F. , Martinez Pablo A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEvolutionary rate explanations for latitudinal diversity gradients predict faster speciation and diversification rates in richer, older and more stable tropical regions (climatic stability hypothesis). Numerous modern lineages have emerged in high latitudes, however, suggesting that climatic oscillations can drive population divergence, at least among extratropical species (glacial refugia hypothesis). This conflicting evidence suggests that geographical patterns of evolutionary rates are more complicated than previously thought. Here, we reconstructed the complex evolutionary dynamics of a comprehensive data set of modern mammals, both terrestrial and marine. We performed global and regional regression analyses to investigate how climatic instability could have indirectly influenced contemporary diversity gradients through its effects on evolutionary rates. In particular, we explored global and regional patterns of the relationships between species richness and assemblage‐level evolutionary rates and between evolutionary rates and climatic instability. We found an inverse relationship between evolutionary rates and species richness, especially in the terrestrial domain. Additionally, climatic instability was strongly associated with the highest evolutionary rates at high terrestrial latitudes, supporting the glacial refugia hypothesis there. At low latitudes, evolutionary rates were unrelated to climatic stability. The inverse relationship between evolutionary rates and the modern latitudinal diversity gradient casts doubt on the idea that higher evolutionary rates in the tropics underlie the current diversity patterns of modern mammals. Alternatively, the longer time spans for diversity to accumulate in the older and more stable tropics (and not high diversification rates) may explain the latitudinal diversity gradient.
Evaluation of facial artery course variations and depth by Doppler ultrasonography
Authors: Ten Barış , Kara Taylan , Kaya Tamer İrfan , Yılmaz Mustafa Anıl , Temel Gülhan , Balcı Yüksel , Türsen Ümit , Esen Kaan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs deep nasolabial folds (NLF) are associated with facial aging, there is an increasing demand for esthetic correction with filler injections. Understanding the anatomy of the angular artery (AA) and facial artery (FA) around the NLF region is essential for ensuring the safety of dermal filler injections into the NLF. The purpose of this study was to provide detailed vascular anatomical information on the course and depth of AA and FA around NLF using Doppler ultrasound on live cases.MethodsFA was observed from the origin level adjacent to the mandible corpus to the end of its terminal branch AA in 168 hemifaces of 84 cases with Doppler ultrasonography.ResultsWe made a classification of the FA course based on the NLF. The minimum and maximum depths of the FA along its course were measured in 84 cases. The results showed that its course may be highly superficial (2.5 mm at the mandibular origin, 3.7 mm at the cheilion, 3.7 mm at the nasal ala) or it may follow a very deep course near the periosteum (15.0 mm at the mandibular origin, 18.7 mm at the cheilion, 23.5 mm at the nasal ala). FA depth was varied between 5.98 mm and 6.62 mm at the mandibular origin, between 8.36 mm and 9.20 mm at the cheilion, between 9.52 mm and 10.51 mm at the nasal ala at a 95% confidence interval.ConclusionsThis study suggests that there is no absolutely safe depth or region for nasolabial fold filler injections.
lncRNA RHPN1‐AS1 promotes the progression of endometrial cancer through the activation of ERK/MAPK pathway
Authors: Zhang Xian‐juan , Qi Guang‐tao , Zhang Xiao‐min , Wang Li , Li Fang‐fang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the function of long noncoding RNA RHPN1 antisense RNA 1 (lncRNA RHPN1‐AS1) in the progression of endometrial cancer (EC) and its underlying molecular mechanisms.MethodsThe RHPN1‐AS1 expression was measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) in EC tissues and cells. The cell clones, proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration and invasion in Ishikawa and HEC‐1A cells were respectively measured by colony formation assay, cell counting kit‐8 assay (CCK‐8) assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay and transwell assay. In addition, the protein expressions in Ishikawa and HEC‐1A cells were measured using western blot and Immunofluorescence assay.ResultsOur data showed the RHPN1‐AS1 expression was significantly upregulated in both EC tissues and cells. The expression of RHPN1‐AS1 was significantly correlated with FIGO stage, histological grade, and lymph node metastasis. Additionally, silencing RHPN1‐AS1 could inhibit proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration and invasion, and also promote apoptosis in Ishikawa and HEC‐1A cells. Moreover, silencing RHPN1‐AS1 could markedly elevate the expressions of caspase‐3 and Bax, but reduce the Bcl‐2 expression in Ishikawa and HEC‐1A cells. We also found that silencing RHPN1‐AS1 could significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of MEK and ERK in Ishikawa and HEC‐1A cells. After U0126 pretreatment, the inhibition effect of silencing RHPN1‐AS1 on the phosphorylation of MEK and ERK was strengthened.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that RHPN1‐AS1 could facilitate cell proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as inhibit apoptosis via activating ERK/MAPK pathway in EC.
Effects of nonstarch polysaccharide hydrolase of plant protein‐based diets on growth, nutrient digestibility, and protease/amylase activities of Yellow River carp, Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Guan Dongyan , Wang Zhen , Han Haojun , Sun Huiwen , Li Yang , Wan Wenju , Wang Jiting 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) hydrolase (primarily xylanase and β‐glucanase), present in plant protein‐based diets, on growth, nutrient digestibility, and protease/amylase activity of Yellow River carp, Cyprinus carpio var.. Six hundred fish were randomly allocated to four groups in five replicates and fed diets with different NSP enzyme levels (0, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1%) for 56 days. The addition of 0.05 and 0.1% NSP enzymes to diets significantly improved the specific growth and protein efficiency rates and reduced the feed intake and feed conversion rates (p < .05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, energy, crude fiber, crude ash, and some amino acids was also significantly improved with 0.05 and 0.1% NSP enzymes (p < .05). The protease activity of hepatopancreas in fish fed the diet with 0.1% NSP enzymes was significantly higher than that of the control diet (p < .05). For four sample‐collecting time points, except for 5 hr after feeding, the protease activity in the middle‐rear intestine of the 0.025% enzyme group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < .05). Addition of 0.025 or 0.05% NSP enzymes did not affect hepatopancreas amylase activity but increased the amylase activity of the front and middle‐rear intestines to a certain extent. However, a high dose of NSP enzymes (0.1%) inhibited hepatopancreas amylase activity. Determination of the effects of NSP enzymes on growth, nutrient digestibility, and endogenous enzyme activity indicated that the addition of 0.05% NSP enzymes in diets is optimal for Yellow River carp.