bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
mxkernel: A Novel System Software Stack for Data Processing on Modern Hardware
Authors: Mühlig Jan , Müller Michael , Spinczyk Olaf , Teubner Jens 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEmerging hardware platforms are characterized by large degrees of parallelism, complex memory hierarchies, and increasing hardware heterogeneity. Their theoretical peak data processing performance can only be unleashed if the different pieces of systems software collaborate much more closely and if their traditional dependencies and interfaces are redesigned.We have developed the key concepts and a prototype implementation of a novel system software stack named mxkernel. For MxKernel, efficient large scale data processing capabilities are a primary design goal. To achieve this, heterogeneity and parallelism become first-class citizens and deep memory hierarchies are considered from the very beginning. Instead of a classical “thread” model, mxkernel provides a simpler control flow abstraction: mxtasks model closed units of work, for which mxkernel will guarantee the required execution semantics, such exclusive access to a specific object in memory. They can be a very elegant abstraction also for heterogeneity and resource sharing. Furthermore, mxtasks are annotated with metadata, such as code variants (to support heterogeneity), memory access behavior (to improve cache efficiency and support memory hierarchies), or dependencies between mxtasks (to improve scheduling and avoid synchronization cost). With precisely the required metadata available, mxkernel can provide a lightweight, yet highly efficient form of resource management, even across applications, operating system, and database.Based on the mxkernel prototype we present preliminary results from this ambitious undertaking. We argue that threads are an ill-suited control flow abstraction for our modern computer architectures and that a task-based execution model is to be favored.
Pflege von Menschen mit intellektueller Behinderung im Akutkrankenhaus: Situation der Pflegepersonen
Authors: Polesny Johanna , Schmalhardt Christina , Mrak Lisa , Mayrhofer Laura , Adlbrecht Laura , Nagl-Cupal Martin 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungZiel der ArbeitDas Ziel dieser Forschung ist die Identifizierung der Herausforderungen von Pflegepersonen im akutstationären Bereich im Umgang mit Menschen mit intellektueller Behinderung.ProblemstellungMenschen mit intellektueller Behinderung haben spezielle Bedürfnisse, die Pflegepersonen im Akutkrankenhaus aufgrund von fehlendem Fachwissen und mangelnder Erfahrung vor große Herausforderungen stellt. Auch durch straffe Ablaufprozesse sind Krankenhäuser oftmals nicht auf den optimalen Unterstützungsbedarf dieser Personengruppe ausgerichtet.MethodeEs wurde eine quantitative, deskriptive Querschnittserhebung in 3 österreichischen Krankenhäusern mittels Onlinefragebogen durchgeführt. Der auf Basis der Literatur entwickelte Fragebogen weist die 6 Domänen soziodemografische Daten, Fachwissen, stationäre Rahmenbedingungen, strukturelle Ressourcen, persönliche Einstellungen und Kommunikation auf.ErgebnisseInsgesamt nahmen 81 Pflegepersonen an der Studie teil. Davon fühlen sich 56 % durch die Ausbildung nicht gut auf die Pflege von Menschen mit intellektueller Behinderung vorbereitet. Trotzdem haben 80 % eine positive Einstellung gegenüber der Pflege dieser Menschen. Die Kommunikation mit Menschen mit intellektueller Behinderung stellt für die Befragten keine große Herausforderung dar.SchlussfolgerungTrotz hoher Belastung, Zeitmangel und Defiziten in der Ausbildung stehen Pflegepersonen mit einer grundsätzlich positiven Einstellung der Pflege von Menschen mit intellektueller Behinderung gegenüber und nehmen die Kommunikation nicht als herausfordernd wahr. Dieses Ergebnis steht teilweise in Diskrepanz mit den in der Literatur beschriebenen Herausforderungen.
Trauma History and Mental Health of North Korean Defectors
Authors: Noh Jin-Won , Lee So Hee 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This study aimed to review the mental health status of North Korean defectors (NKDs) and related factors. Interventions to promote their mental health and issues to be dealt with are also reviewed.

Recent Findings
NKDs are often exposed to multiple severely traumatic events, both in North Korea and surrounding their defection. Furthermore, they face sociocultural barriers in adapting to a new society. Past exposure to traumatic events, longer defection periods, forced repatriation, psychological factors, and acculturative stress such as perceived discrimination, low income, family violence, and health complaints contribute to negative effects on mental health and obstruct their adaptation to life in the Republic of Korea.

Summary
It is necessary to develop evidence-based programs to promote NKDs’ mental health and help them to adapt to their new society. An NKD cohort study would be helpful to reveal their long-term mental health prognoses and interactions with pre- and post-migration factors.
Detection of SARS-COV-2 receptor ACE-2 mRNA in thyroid cells: a clue for COVID-19-related subacute thyroiditis
Authors: Rotondi M. , Coperchini F. , Ricci G. , Denegri M. , Croce L. , Ngnitejeu S. T. , Villani L. , Magri F. , Latrofa F. , Chiovato L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
SARS-COV-2 is a pathogenic agent belonging to the coronavirus family, responsible for the current global world pandemic. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) is the receptor for cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2. ACE-2 is a type I transmembrane metallo-carboxypeptidase involved in the Renin-Angiotensin pathway. By analyzing two independent databases, ACE-2 was identified in several human tissues including the thyroid. Although some cases of COVID-19-related subacute thyroiditis were recently described, direct proof for the expression of the ACE-2 mRNA in thyroid cells is still lacking. Aim of the present study was to investigate by RT-PCR whether the mRNA encoding for ACE-2 is present in human thyroid cells.

Methods
RT-PCR was performed on in vitro ex vivo study on thyroid tissue samples (15 patients undergoing thyroidectomy for benign thyroid nodules) and primary thyroid cell cultures.

Results
The ACE-2 mRNA was detected in all surgical thyroid tissue samples (n = 15). Compared with two reporter genes (GAPDH: 0.052 ± 0.0026 Cycles−1; β-actin: 0.044 ± 0.0025 Cycles−1; ACE-2: 0.035 ± 0.0024 Cycles−1), the mean level of transcript expression for ACE-2 mRNA was abundant. The expression of ACE-2 mRNA in follicular cells was confirmed by analyzing primary cultures of thyroid cells, which expressed the ACE-2 mRNA at levels similar to tissues.

Conclusions
The results of the present study demonstrate that the mRNA encoding for the ACE-2 receptor is expressed in thyroid follicular cells, making them a potential target for SARS-COV-2 entry. Future clinical studies in patients with COVID-19 will be required for increase our understanding of the thyroid repercussions of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
A statistical analysis of geomechanical data and its effect on rock mass numerical modeling: a case study
Authors: Małkowski Piotr , Niedbalski Zbigniew , Balarabe Tafida 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGeomechanical data are never sufficient in quantity or adequately precise and accurate for design purposes in mining and civil engineering. The objective of this paper is to show the variability of rock properties at the sampled point in the roadway’s roof, and then, how the statistical processing of the available geomechanical data can affect the results of numerical modelling of the roadway’s stability. Four cases were applied in the numerical analysis, using average values (the most common in geomechanical data analysis), average minus standard deviation, median, and average value minus statistical error. The study show that different approach to the same geomechanical data set can change the modelling results considerably. The case shows that average minus standard deviation is the most conservative and least risky. It gives the displacements and yielded elements zone in four times broader range comparing to the average values scenario, which is the least conservative option. The two other cases need to be studied further. The results obtained from them are placed between most favorable and most adverse values. Taking the average values corrected by statistical error for the numerical analysis seems to be the best solution. Moreover, the confidence level can be adjusted depending on the object importance and the assumed risk level.
The Productivity Gap Among Major European Countries, USA and Japan
Authors: Calcagnini Giorgio , Giombini Germana , Travaglini Giuseppe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper analyzes Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in five European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and UK), the USA and Japan between 1954 and 2017. It uses the common trend– common cycle (CTCC) approach to decompose series in trends and cycles. We find that the seven economies are structurally different and differently affected by similar shocks. We show that trend and cycle innovations are, in most of the cases, negatively correlated as predicted by the ‘opportunity cost’ approach to productivity growth, and that trend innovations are larger than cycle innovations. We provide an interpretation for countries’ differences in TFP performance in recent years that is related to the so-called ‘deep’ determinants in growth literature, such as the presence of efficient markets and institutions. Finally, we present a comparison with the traditional Hodrick and Prescott deterministic filter to highlight the advantages of CTCC methodology that does not require a priori on the nature of the time series.
Some Observations About the Drop-weight Explosive Sensitivity Test
Authors: Rae P. J. , Dickson P. M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe apparent simplicity of the drop-weight apparatus for explosive sensitivity testing hides the reality that it is actually a complex integrated test of both ignition and growth of deflagration. Although the drop-weight test is undeniably a useful screening test for explosive properties, a misunderstanding of the technique’s limitations has blinded many researchers to its limited wider applicability. This monograph discusses how the test actually works, the significant engineering difficulties with standardization between machines, which types of explosives are suited to the test and which are not, and finally offers a few suggestions for alternatives when a more quantified understanding of a material’s response is required for other applications.
Diagnostische Urteile von Lehrkräften erklären – Ein Rahmenmodell für kognitive Modellierungen und deren experimentelle Prüfung
Authors: Leuders Timo , Loibl Katharina , Dörfler Tobias 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Forschungsstand zu diagnostischen Kompetenzen von Lehrkräften – als wesentliche Voraussetzung für Feedback oder adaptives Unterrichten – wird zurzeit als unbefriedigend angesehen, da kaum überzeugende Theorien über die kognitiven Prozesse bei der Genese diagnostischer Urteile bestehen. An dieser Stelle setzt das Rahmenmodell DiaCoM (Explaining Teachers’ Diagnostic Judgements by Cognitive Modeling) an. Das DiaCoM-Rahmenmodell bietet eine theoretische Basis für Forschungsansätze, die diagnostische Urteile von Lehrkräften als Informationsverarbeitungsprozesse erklären wollen. Es konzeptualisiert diagnostisches Urteilen in Bildungskontexten als kognitive Prozesse einer Lehrkraft über Schülerinnen und Schüler (z. B. deren Fähigkeit) oder über Anforderungen (z. B. Aufgabenschwierigkeiten) auf der Grundlage der Informationen, die explizit oder implizit in einer diagnostischen Situation bestehen. Es bezieht sich auf Theorien der kognitiven Informationsverarbeitung und erfordert eine Spezifikation von vier Komponenten: die Personencharakteristika, die Situationscharakteristika, das diagnostische Denken als Informationsverarbeitung und schließlich das Diagnoseverhalten. Der Beitrag stellt dar, wie das DiaCoM-Rahmenmodell als forschungsheuristisches Modell eingesetzt werden kann, um Erklärungswissen zur Genese diagnostischer Urteile zu generieren: Durch Spezifikation der informationsverarbeitenden Prozesse können theoretische Voraussagen darüber getroffen werden, welche Personen- und Situationscharakteristika zu welchem diagnostischen Verhalten führen. Diese Annahmen sind dann einer experimentellen Prüfung durch systematische Variation der Situation oder der Personen (z. B. durch Instruktion) zugänglich.
Die Covid-19-Pandemie: Schlaglicht auf das Spannungsfeld von Biowaffenkontrolle, Biosicherheit und globaler Gesundheit
Authors: Jakob Una 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Covid19-Pandemie ist höchstwahrscheinlich auf einen natürlichen Krankheitsausbruch zurückzuführen. Trotzdem können Anschuldigungen, sie sei durch die absichtliche oder fahrlässige Freisetzung des neuartigen Corona-Virus herbeigeführt worden, bestehende Konflikte und Rivalitäten verstärken. Besitz und Einsatz biologischer Waffen sind völkerrechtlich verboten. Mangelnde Transparenz, fehlende Kontrollen und legitime biologische Forschungen mit hohem Missbrauchspotenzial lassen aber Raum für Desinformation, Fehlwahrnehmungen und Verdächtigungen, wie sie auch am Beispiel der Covid19-Pandemie zu finden sind. Bessere Verifikations- und Untersuchungsmöglichkeiten für das Biowaffenverbot, klarere Regeln für den Umgang mit Verstößen dagegen sowie größere Transparenz im Bereich der sicherheitsrelevanten biologischen Forschung könnten helfen, mögliche Biowaffeneinsätze zu verhindern und negative politische Dynamiken bei ungewöhnlichen Krankheitsausbrüchen einzuhegen. Hierfür müsste unter anderem das Biowaffen-Übereinkommen gestärkt und das Zusammenspiel von biologischer Abrüstung, Biosicherheit und globaler Gesundheit deutlicher fokussiert werden. Eine klare Arbeitsteilung und die Nutzung von Synergien, z. B. in der Gesundheitsvorsorge und im Umgang mit wissenschaftlichen und technologischen Entwicklungen, kämen sowohl der Pandemievorsorge als auch der biologischen Abrüstung zugute.
Superplastic deformation of Mg–9Li–2Al–0.5Sc alloy after grain refinement by KoBo extrusion and cyclic forging
Authors: Dutkiewicz Jan , Kalita Damian , Maziarz Wojciech , Faryna Marek 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe quaternary Mg–9Li–2Al–0.5Sc alloy (in wt%) was prepared from pure components. After homogenization, the alloy was subjected to severe plastic deformation by KoBo extrusion and cyclic forging leading to grain refinement in the range of 0.5–2 µm of hexagonal close-packed (HCP) α phase. Deformed alloys showed high ultimate tensile strength near 200 MPa and good elongation in the range 30–40% at room temperature (RT). Large elongations close to 200% were obtained during the tensile test at a temperature of 200 °C. Deformed samples showed the presence of multiple voids confirming grain boundary sliding mechanism of deformation. Twins on {10$$\overline{1}$$

1
¯

2} planes were identified using electron backscatter diffraction analysis, being in a good agreement with the earlier observation of Mg–Li and Mg–Sc alloys. Intermetallic phases such as cubic MgSc were identified in deformed alloys mostly within HCP α phase, whereas HCP MgSc2 particles were observed within body-centered cubic (BCC) β phase. Intermetallic phases were responsible for RT strengthening of alloys and slightly lower tensile elongation during superplastic deformation. Formation of the HCP α phase was observed within the BCC β phase in tensile deformed alloys. Atomic-level nucleation of HCP phase within the β phase was identified by the use of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy technique.
The role of negative emotional reactivity and neighborhood factors in predicting marijuana use during early adolescence
Authors: Tache Rachel M. , Rabinowitz Jill A. , Gepty Andrew A. , Lambert Sharon F. , Reboussin Beth A. , Reynolds Maureen D. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionNegative emotional reactivity and the neighborhood environment have been individually associated with marijuana use outcomes; however, less is known about whether neighborhood factors differentiate the association between negative emotional reactivity and marijuana use. The present study examined whether neighborhood risk (i.e., neighborhood problems) and protective factors (i.e., neighborhood social cohesion) moderated the relation between negative emotional reactivity and marijuana use during early adolescence. Methods. Participants were 775 adolescents (M = 10.95 ± 0.88 years; 69% male; 76% Caucasian), who reported on their past month frequency of marijuana use at Time 1 (when adolescents were 10‐12 years old) and Time 2 (when adolescents were 12‐14 years old). Mothers reported on neighborhood problems and neighborhood social cohesion at Time 1. Youth reported on their negative emotional reactivity at Time 2.ResultsNegative binomial regression analyses indicated that neighborhood problems moderated the relationship between negative emotional reactivity and marijuana use. In particular, in the context of low neighborhood problems, individuals with lower negative emotional reactivity were at attenuated risk for marijuana use compared to individuals higher in negative emotional reactivity. In the context of high neighborhood problems, individuals were at heightened risk for marijuana consumption regardless of their negative emotional reactivity levels.ConclusionsFindings suggest that individual‐level factors alone do not sufficiently account for early marijuana use and that neighborhood problems play a role in risk for or abstention from using marijuana during early adolescence. Implications for prevention and intervention for marijuana use during adolescence are discussed.
Girl2Girl: How to develop a salient pregnancy prevention program for cisgender sexual minority adolescent girls
Authors: Ybarra Michele L. , Price‐Feeney Myeshia , Prescott Tonya , Goodenow Carol , Saewyc Elizabeth , Rosario Margaret 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionAlthough sexual minority girls are more likely than heterosexual girls to be pregnant during adolescence, programs tailored to their needs are non‐existent. Here we describe the iterative development of Girl2Girl, a text messaging‐based pregnancy prevention program for cisgender lesbian, gay, bisexual and other sexual minority (LGB+) girls across the United States.MethodsFour activities are described: 1) 8 online focus groups to gain feedback about intended program components (n = 160), 2) writing the intervention content, 3) 4 online Content Advisory Teams that reviewed and provided feedback on the salience of drafted intervention content (n = 82), and 4) a beta test to confirm program functionality, the feasibility of assessments, and the enrollment protocol (n = 27). Participants were 14–18‐year‐old cisgender LGB+ girls recruited nationally on social media. Across study activities, between 52% and 70% of participants were 14–16 years of age, 10–22% were Hispanic ethnicity, and 30–44% were minority race.ResultsFocus group participants were positive about receiving text messages about sexual health, although privacy was of concern. Thus, better safeguards were built into the enrollment process. Teens in the Content Advisory Teams found the content to be approachable and compelling, although many wanted more gender‐inclusive messaging. Messages were updated to not assume people with penises were boys. Between 71 and 86% of participants in the beta test provided weekly feedback, most of which was positive; no one withdrew during the seven‐week study period.ConclusionsThis careful step‐by‐step iterative approach appears to have resulted in a high level of intervention feasibility and acceptability.
Proteinuric and nonproteinuric chronic kidney disease among patients with sickle cell anaemia (HbSS) attending a tertiary hospital in north-eastern Nigeria ☆
Authors: Sulaiman Mohammed Maina , Ladu Adama Isah , Abba Aisha Mohammed , Bukar Audu Abdullahi 
Published: October 2020

Objective/Background:
Individuals with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) may manifest various forms of renal abnormalities. Proteinuria is an early marker of renal dysfunction and a strong risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in both patients with SCA and non-SCA population. Currently, the degree of attention given to proteinuric CKD far exceeds that of nonproteinuric CKD, and risk factors that might trigger a progressive decline of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the absence of proteinuria have not been well evaluated in SCA. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and laboratory parameters among SCA patients with proteinuric and nonproteinuric CKD.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital in north-eastern Nigeria between January 2013 and April 2018. Clinical variables including age of diagnosis of SCA, frequency of vaso-occlusive crises, number of hospitalizations per annum and transfusion therapy were collected. Laboratory data including haematological profile and renal function test were obtained from routine blood sampling.

Results:
A total of 257 patients with SCA (HbSS) were enrolled during the study period of which 42 had proteinuric CKD, and 48 had nonproteinuric CKD. The two groups were matched for the number of hospital admission (p = .063) and blood transfusion per year (p = .450), frequency of painful crisis (p = .210), systolic blood pressure (p = .084) and diastolic blood pressure (p = .400). In the proteinuric CKD group, the mean serum creatinine was higher (332.17 mmol/L, p = .001) and the estimated GFR was lower (31.88 mL/min, p = .046). The serum alkaline phosphatase was higher in the nonproteinuric CKD group (81.81 IU/L, p = .012).

Conclusion:
Nonproteinuric CKD was more frequent than proteinuric CKD in our study population; however, the proteinuric group presented with more advanced disease.
The Autonomous Pinger Unit of the Acoustic Navigation Network in EnEx-RANGE: an autonomous in-ice melting probe with acoustic instrumentation
Authors: Weinstock Lars Steffen , Zierke Simon , Eliseev Dmitry , Linder Peter , Vollbrecht Cornelius , Heinen Dirk , Wiebusch Christopher 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Autonomous Pinger Unit (APU) is an electro-thermal drill with acoustic instrumentation developed for the project EnEx-RANGE in view of a future space mission for the sub-surface exploration of Saturn's moon Enceladus. A main goal is the development of navigation technology for an acoustic guidance system allowing maneuvering a probe through glacial ice. In total 13 APUs were built and tested in terrestrial analog scenarios on alpine glaciers. The APUs form a spatially distributed network that defines a system of reference for the navigation of the maneuverable probe to a point of interest. The APUs have a novel melting head, slow control systems, and a modern system-on-chip (SoC) module that controls the probe and processes the recorded data. The APUs use acoustic emitters and receivers to measure the transit time of acoustic signals between them, allowing for the position reconstruction of all APUs by trilateration. Several auxiliary sensors monitor the internal state of the probe and assist the position estimation. With this instrumentation, the APUs have the ability of dynamically optimizing themselves within the network by changing their position. This paper gives an overview of the developed APU hardware and presents performance results from the field tests.