bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilateral Well Construction with Fluidic Diode AICD Completion Technologies: Case Study, North West Shelf, Western Australia
Authors: Shahreyar Noman , Corona Georgina , Miller Bryan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Multilateral completions are vital in the oilfield development of thin-layered reservoirs by enhancing field economics and oil productivity through improved reservoir exposure while reducing operating costs. Gas and water coning in thin oil columns can compromise production longevity. The first successful subsea implementation of dual-lateral infill horizontal wells completed with autonomous inflow control devices (AICDs) is discussed. The reservoir is located in an offshore field in the North West Shelf, Australia, and includes a thin oil rim with gas and water breakthrough challenges.
Long horizontal wells are typically completed as open hole with standalone screens (SAS) or gravel packs, which can create nonuniform reservoir influx along the wellbore. Water or gas coning can cause uneven reservoir drainage that can result in valuable bypassed oil being left in the reservoir. Advanced well architecture using multilateral horizontal wells with AICDs has been used to extend production life while also reducing production costs and handling and treating unwanted fluid. Technical Advancement of Multilaterals (TAML) Level 5 dual-lateral AICD completion design considerations along with the implementation methodology and well flow performance with AICD completion are discussed.
The primary objective when designing these infill wells was to access bypassed oil. Two dual-lateral horizontal wells were successfully drilled with a total reservoir length of approximately 10 km. Both of the sandface completions were enhanced with the deployment of fluidic diode AICDs and swellable isolation packers placed along the main bore and lateral to create a uniform drawdown while also limiting both gas and water production sourced from an existing gas cap and water aquifer.
The first case study in the offshore field in Australia where advanced completion techniques were used in combination with a TAML Level 5 dual-lateral AICD completion to maximize reservoir exposure, enhance oil production, and control gas/water breakthrough to increase oil recovery is discussed.
Implementing Managed Pressure Drilling Technique in Drilling an Offshore Exploration Well
Authors: Cai Xiao , Guo Qingfeng , Zhao Qing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The managed pressure drilling technique has been widely applied in land to solve different technical and well control issues as well as ensuring the safety of field personnel. Offshore exploration drilling is one of the most challenging operations due to its nature of drilling hazards and facing environment. There is a great need of applying managed pressure technique in offshore drilling. A new MPD equipment is developed, which is named as pressure control drilling system (PCDS), and performs its first application in offshore drilling to reach its further potential.
The PCDS is applied in an exploration well located in the gulf of Bohai to perform a near-balanced drilling operation for the purpose of reducing the density of drilling fluid. It utilizes the microflux control technique to precisely monitor the wellbore condition and detect the overflow and loss of circulation in time. The technique of constant bottom hole pressure is used by the PCDS to maintain the bottom hole pressure constant and minimize the fluctuations of bottom hole pressure during making connections and round trip, enhancing the drilling performance.
The equivalent circulating density of 1.08-1.09 g/cm3 is obtained by the proposed PCDS using the solid-free drilling fluid with a density of 1.03g/cm3. While nearby wells use the drilling fluid with the density of 1.15-1.20 g/cm3 at the same Stratum. Cooperated with the drilling fluid of lower density, utilization of the proposed pressure control drilling system significantly avoids the formation damage. The chip hold-down effect is minimized by the proposed PCDS to increase the ROP. The average ROP of nearby wells is 4.02 m/h. While the average ROP of the well using the proposed PCDS is 7.23 m/h, indicating the increase of 80 percent. With the assistance of the proposed PCDS, the drilling team set a single bit footage record of 312.88 m and daily footage record of 163 m, which demonstrates a great improvement of operation efficiency. No drilling compliancy occurs during drilling in the target stratum. Utilization of PCDS dramatically minimizes the potential of well control and ensures the down-hole safety.
This application is a successful attempt of the pressure control drilling system in the offshore operation, demonstrating the wide range of applications of the PCDS. Proper utilization of the PCDS can optimize the offshore drilling operation, prevent drilling issues such as well kick and loss of circulation, minimize the non-productive time and therefore reduce the drilling cost.
Gas Compressor Driver Selection for Offshore Application
Authors: Mohamed Ir. Abdul , Mustafa Kamal Ir. Ahmed , Baharuddin Kamaruzaman , Arudra Siva Sankara 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the offshore oil and gas exploration business, safety, reliability, environmental concerns and costs play vital roles. Gas compressors have been widely used in offshore applications to meet a wide range of duties such as gas lift, injection, export and separation. Traditionally, gas turbines have been chosen as the driver for gas compressors. However, with the advancement in technology, electric motors are now being utilized as an alternate solution to drive these gas compressors. The advancement in offshore power generation and power from shore technologies has shown that a centralized offshore power generation utilising larger prime movers based on electric motors or aero derivative multi-spool gas turbines provide advantages in both size and weight.
This paper explains selection of the drive for gas compressors specifically making a choice between gas turbines and electric motor drives. Both technologies are proven to be mature are able to cater for various power ranges, applications and environments. Nevertheless, the selection process for offshore gas compressor drivers is still considered a grey area due to various aspects that influence and affect the selection of driver for an optimized offshore solution. The harsh nature of offshore locations warrants robustness to ensure high reliability and availability, minimal maintenance, clean emissions, small footprint, low fuel consumption and low initial investment. A parametric study based on an actual operating offshore facility was performed to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each driver type.
An existing offshore facility that utilized gas turbines as the driver for both power generation and gas compression was set as Base Case for this study. The Alternate Case required that the gas compression system utilize electric motor drives as the driver and upsizing of the power generation system to cater for the motors electrical load was now increased. The optimum driver was determined based on cost (CAPEX and OPEX), reliability, availability, efficiency, power requirement (electrical system, power generation & distribution), dimension, layout and emissions.
The findings of this study are expected to be a benchmark reference for driver selection for future offshore gas compression systems of similar operation and power range.
Hunting Pore Pressures with MPD on Deepwater Exploration Well in Myanmar
Authors: Arkayamas Panit , Rattanachan Sarit , Maheshwari Mukesh , Tang Jose Ricardo , See Joon Song , Boontawatnitirut Chodthanin , Follet Meth 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a method used in combination with Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) to determine real time pore pressures while drilling a deepwater exploration well. Not only was the pore pressure accurately determined but additional procedures were implemented to improve efficiency. This deepwater well was the first time MPD used on a semisubmersible rig in Myanmar by both operator and the drilling contractor. MPD was used on all the well sections below the surface casing with the main objectives for MPD listed as follows:
Safe and efficient drilling of the well to planned TD. Elimination of contingency casing strings. Enhanced influx detection. Determination of pore and fracture pressure while drilling.
The expected pore pressure based on seismic interpretation for the well was provided by the geoscience team. It was presented as minimum and maximum pore pressures. Fracture pressures were provided as sand fracture (minimum) and shale fracture pressures (maximum). A large uncertainty in pore pressures was expected. MPD was combined with real time pore pressure prediction to estimate pore pressures. MPD procedures were reviewed and amended as required to reflect the actual well architecture, actual equipment, and rig capabilities.
Most MPD projects are designed to maintain a Constant Bottom Hole Pressure (CBHP) and not to determine pore pressures. Since a significant pore pressure ramp was expected as soon as drilling started below the surface casing a solution had to be found. Methods to make connections and dummy connections were reviewed and discussed to assist the determination of pore pressures using connection and background gas indicators. The devised procedure could be used for all drillstring connections including any dummy connections made throughout the entire well to provide the real time pore pressure team with consistent data. Additional procedures were developed to ensure that bottom hole circulating pressures were maintained using a combination of MPD choke pressures and increasing mud weights while drilling.
The paper presents the procedures that were developed and implemented to successfully drill the exploration well to TD. These procedures have now been field tested and proven to be successful not only to accurately determine pore pressures but also to ensure mud weight management. The procedures will be used again on future wells to determine pore pressures and manage BHP to ensure that maximum benefits are derived from MPD operations on deepwater exploration wells.
Symbolism and social order among the Igbo
Authors: Agama Christian Sunday 
Published: November 2020

In this essay, I argue that though symbolism performs many roles in different cultures, it has a uniquely moral one in Igbo land. That unique role which symbolism performs in the pristine communalistic Igbo society concerns the regulation of human freedoms and actions in order to maintain social order. But is this something that can be sustained in a modern Igbo society that is more individualistic than communalistic? This paper is of the view that through the proper maintenance of such symbolism: social control between individuals and groups shall be more coordinated in the contemporary Igbo world; regulate and checkmate the Igbo moral consciousness of oneness; control some cultural maladjustment and bring more about social unity in Igbo land.
Keywords: Symbol, Symbolism, Social Order, Igbo, Oji
Nietzsche’s idea of eternal recurrence and the notions of reincarnation in Onyewuenyi and Majeed
Authors: Ojimba Anthony Chimankpam , Agada Ada 
Published: November 2020

This paper examines Nietzsche’s idea of eternal recurrence and the notions of reincarnation in Onyewuenyi and Majeed with a view to showing how convergence and divergence of thought in the Nietzschean, Onyewuenyean and Majeedean philosophy contexts can inform cross-cultural philosophizing. Nietzsche’s idea of eternal recurrence represents his deep thought, which claims that every aspect of life returns innumerable times, in an identical fashion. On the other hand, Onyewuenyi posits that reincarnation is un-African as he conceives it as the theory that when the soul separates from the body, at death, it informs another body for another span of life, while Majeed sees evidence of the African rootedness of the belief in reincarnation, based on his study of the Akan people of Ghana and concedes that the belief, itself, is irrational, since there is no scientific or empirical basis for it. Attempts are made to highlight the dynamics of Nietzsche’s idea of eternal recurrence and to articulate the essential ingredients of Onyewuenyean and Majeedean conceptions of reincarnation. These forms of thought will be examined critically to exhibit their convergence and divergence in the context of cross-cultural philosophizing.
Keywords: eternal recurrence, reincarnation, will to power, vital force, cross-cultural philosophy, spirit-world
The phenomenon of Skolombo in Calabar and the challenge of urban subalternism
Authors: Okoli Al Chukwuma 
Published: November 2020

This paper examines the phenomenon of Skolombo in Calabar (Nigeria) in relation to the challenge of urban subalternism in that context. This is against the backdrop of the evolution of the Skolombo into a rising urban subaltern category involved in the underworld and ant-social activities. By means of exploratory and conversational discourse that relies on extant literature as well as insights from personal communications, the paper posits that Skolombo phenomenon represents an existential struggle by abandoned and rejected street children who are surviving against structural societal victimization. Away from home, these children have found the streets, not only an inevitable abode but also a space for opportunistic survival. Over the years, they have evolved a pattern of street living characterized, among other things, by restiveness, touting, gangsterism, and criminality. Associated with this pattern of existence is an emerging subaltern identity that highlights a crisis of urbanity in Calabar metropolis of Nigeria.
Keywords: Calabar, Skolombo, street living, subaltern identity, urban criminality, urban subalternism
Optimisation of Artificial Lifts Using Prosper Nodal Analysis for BARBRA-1 Well in Niger Delta
Authors: Odjugo Tega , Baba Yahaya , Aliyu Aliyu , Okereke Ndubuisi , Oloyede Lekan , Onifade Olabisi 
Published: November 2020

Hydrocarbon exploration basically requires effective drilling and efficient overpowering of frictional and viscosity forces. Normally, frictional power losses occur in deep well systems and it is essential to analyse each component of any well system to determine where exactly pressure is lost, and this can be done using Nodal Analysis. In this study, nodal analysis has been carried out with the use of PROSPER, a software for well performance, design and optimisation. Artificial lifts can then be used to solve the problem of frictional power losses. To increase the production of Barbra 1 well in the Niger Delta and hence extend its functional life, we have applied nodal analysis. Modelling results for three artificial lift methods; continuous gas lift, intermittent gas lift and electrical submersible pump were found to be 1734.93 bbl/day, 451.50 bbl/day and 2869 bbl/day respectively. The output from the well performance without artificial lift was 1370.99 bbl/day by applying Darcy’s model. Meanwhile, the output from the well without artificial lift is 89.90 bbl/day when aided with productivity index (PI) entry, the normal model for intermittent gas lift. Hence, from the comparative analysis of the results obtained from this study, it was deduced that when artificial lifts are employed, the well output increases significantly from 1370.99bbl/day to 2869 bbl/day (electrical submersible pump). This study concludes that wells such as Barbra 1 are good candidates for artificial lift, and this is evidenced by increasing productivity.
Keywords: Production optimisation, nodal analysis, prosper simulator and barbra well.
Thermodynamic and Optimization Studies of Castor Leaf Extract as Corrosion Inhibitor on Stainless Steel (301)
Authors: Okewale A.O. , Adebayo A.T. 
Published: November 2020

Inhibition of stainless steel corrosion in acidic medium with castor leaf extract was studied using the Gravimetric measurement. The mechanisms of inhibition, influence of temperature on inhibition efficiency and weight loss were determined for temperature range 40 oC – 80 oC at 7 hours immersion time. An increased in temperature showed a decreased in the inhibition efficiency of the castor leaf extract which resulted to increase in weight loss of the stainless steel. The value of rate constant for the corrosion process ranges from 0.333 – 1.225 hr−1, this is seen to be directly relative to the inhibitor concentrations. Activation energy, enthalpy of activation, and entropy values ranges from 74.000 - 136.377 kJ/mol, 71.820 – 133.620 kJ/mol, and 9.860 – 178.110 J/molK respectively. Rise in activation energy with inhibitor concentration confirmed physisorption adsorption mechanism for stainless steel surface corrosion. In order to obtain the optimum weight loss, optimization of the process variables was carried out using the Box – Behnken Design plan and desirability function of response surface methodology (RSM). Four parameters were varied viz; time of immersion, HCl concentration, inhibitor’s concentration, and temperature alongside their effects on weight loss of the stainless steel were verified. The optimal conditions predicted from the second order quadratic model were time (9.10 hours), HCl concentration (3.97 M), concentration of inhibitor (240.90 ppm), and temperature (78.67 oC) with 2.978 g as the weight loss. Statistically, the results showed that 95.03% of the variation in total weight loss of stainless steel can be connected to the experimental variables examined.
Keywords: Weight loss, activation parameters, adsorption, optimization, stainless steel, castor leaf
Experimental Investigation of Temperature Effects on Low Salinity Enzyme Enhanced Oil Recovery Process
Authors: Udoh Tinuola H. 
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the effect of temperature on low salinity brine and combined low salinity enzyme oil recovery processes in sandstone rock sample was experimentally investigated. The core flooding displacement tests were conducted with the injection of the enzyme in post-tertiary mode after secondary high salinity brine and tertiary low salinity brine injection processes. Effluents analyses of each of the flooding were carried out and used to evaluate the effect of temperature on rock-fluid interactions and enhanced oil recovery processes. The results showed that tertiary low salinity brine injection and post-tertiary enzyme injection increased recovery by 2.4-8.72% over the secondary high salinity brine flooding at 25 oC. Also, increase in oil recovery (0.57-13.18%) was observed with increase in the system temperature from 25 oC to 70 oC. Furthermore, the effluent of the 70 oC flooding was associated with the earliest low salinity brine ionic breakthrough front at 10 injected pore volume, while the 25 oC flooding breakthrough front occurred at 22 pore volume. However, no obvious effect of temperature on pH of the effluents was observed with all the floodings, but temperature effects were observed with the conductivity and ionic concentrations of all the effluents as evident by varied breakthrough times. Hence, the observed increased recovery in this study is attributable to combined effects of electric double-layer expansion, oil viscosity reduction and interfacial tension reduction. This novel study of the combined low salinity enzyme injection process is significant for the design of enzyme enhanced oil recovery processes.
Keywords: Enhanced oil recovery, enzyme, sandstone, low salinity, core flooding, temperature.
Mobile Robot Path Planning in an Obstacle-free Static Environment using Multiple Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Yinka-Banjo C.O. , Agwogie U. 
Published: November 2020

This article presents the implementation and comparison of fruit fly optimization (FOA), ant colony optimization (ACO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms in solving the mobile robot path planning problem. FOA is one of the newest nature-inspired algorithms while PSO and ACO has been in existence for a long time. PSO has been shown by other studies to have long search time while ACO have fast convergence speed. Therefore there is need to benchmark FOA performance with these older nature-inspired algorithms. The objective is to find an optimal path in an obstacle free static environment from a start point to the goal point using the aforementioned techniques. The performance of these algorithms was measured using three criteria: average path length, average computational time and average convergence speed. The results show that the fruit fly algorithm produced shorter path length (19.5128 m) with faster convergence speed (3149.217 m/secs) than the older swarm intelligence algorithms. The computational time of the algorithms were in close range, with ant colony optimization having the minimum (0.000576 secs).
Keywords: Swarm intelligence, Fruit Fly algorithm, Ant Colony Optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization, optimal path, mobile robot.
Diversity Control in Evolutionary Computation using Asynchronous Dual-Populations with Search Space Partitioning
Authors: Bashir H.A. 
Published: November 2020

Diversity control is vital for effective global optimization using evolutionary computation (EC) techniques. This paper classifies the various diversity control policies in the EC literature. Many research works have attributed the high risk of premature convergence to sub-optimal solutions to the poor exploration capabilities resulting from diversity collapse. Also, excessive cost of convergence to optimal solution has been linked to the poor exploitation capabilities necessary to focus the search. To address this exploration-exploitation trade-off, this paper deploys diversity control policies that ensure sustained exploration of the search space without compromising effective exploitation of its promising regions. First, a dual-pool EC algorithm that facilitates a temporal evolution-diversification strategy is proposed. Then a quasi-random heuristic initialisation based on search space partitioning (SSP) is introduced to ensure uniform sampling of the initial search space. Second, for the diversity measurement, a robust convergence detection mechanism that combines a spatial diversity measure; and a population evolvability measure is utilised. It was found that the proposed algorithm needed a pool size of only 50 samples to converge to optimal solutions of a variety of global optimization benchmarks. Overall, the proposed algorithm yields a 33.34% reduction in the cost incurred by a standard EC algorithm. The outcome justifies the efficacy of effective diversity control on solving complex global optimization landscapes.
Keywords: Diversity, exploration-exploitation tradeoff, evolutionary algorithms, heuristic initialisation, taxonomy.
Rainfall Intensity Analysis for Synoptic Stations in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Oyegoke S.O. , Adebanjo A.S. , Ododo H.J. 
Published: November 2020

With the large inter-annual variability of rainfall in Northern Nigeria, a zone subject to frequent dry spells which often result in severe and widespread droughts, the need for intense study of rainfall and accurate forecast of rainfall intensity duration frequency (IDF) curves cannot be over emphasized. The Intensity Duration Frequency relationship is a mathematical relationship between the rainfall intensity and rainfall duration for given return periods. Using a subset of the network of fifteen continuous auto recording rain gauges available in Northern Nigeria, a total of seven different time durations ranging from 12 minutes to 24 hours were developed for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years. The maximum data series so obtained was fitted to Gumbel’s Extreme Value Type 1 distribution. Linear Regression Analysis was then used to obtain the intensity-duration relationships for the various locations from which Intensity-Duration Frequency (IDF) curves were generated using Microsoft Excel for various return periods.
Keywords: Extreme rainfall, intensity, duration, frequency, Northern Nigeria