bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive dose response pilot study of intravaginal Prostaglandin E2 application in free farrowing sows during parturition
Authors: Bill Ramona , Nathues Heiko , Grahofer Alexander 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background The duration of birth is an important factor influencing the survival of piglets and the health of sows. A prolonged parturition is usually treated with oxytocin, even though several undesirable side effects are described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) of different concentrations as an intravaginal applied gel in sows. MethodsTwelve sows were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: Group I (control group) application of placebo gel; Group II application of 2.0 mg PGE2; Group III application of 1.0 mg PGE2; Group IV application of 0.5 mg PGE2. The gel was administered intravaginal after the birth of the fourth piglet. Total duration of birth (time between first piglet and last placenta), piglet interval and placenta expulsion duration (time between first and last placenta) were recorded, and each piglet was scored for meconium staining and vitality. Furthermore, stillborn piglets were categorized into ante-partum and intra-partum deaths. Results Although no significant differences between the groups were detected, a beneficial tendency in several parameters was observed in group III. The duration of birth was 284 min (average of 14.3 piglets per litter), whereas in all other groups it was more than 400 min (average of 18.0 piglets per litter). The piglet interval was 10.1 min in group II compared to 10.2 min in group III, 16 min in group IV and 21.4 min in group I. In group III the placenta expulsion duration was 119 min in contrast to the other groups with more than 266 min. Severe meconium staining in more than 10% of piglets was observed in group II and IV. Moreover, piglets of group II showed oedematous and haemorrhagic umbilical cords, lethargy and anoxia, and intra-partum deaths were recorded. Conclusion Although the sample size is limited in this study, it is assumed that an application of 1mg PGE2 intra-partum instead of lower or higher dosages has the most beneficial effects on the birth process in sows and on the vitality of piglets. Further investigation is necessary to confirm the positive effect of PGE2 in daily practise.
Scarce Health-care Resources and Higher Case-fatality Rates Early in an Epidemic: Analysis of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Tianmen.
Authors: Hu Jijia , Zhang Zongwei , Wang Wei , Zhang Yingang , Tian Juan , Shao Ning , Liu Nian , Tao Zhihe , Huang Hao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Tianmen had the highest case-fatality rate (CFR) among all the cities in China early in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, but little is known about the details of the epidemic in Tianmen. Our study aims to reveal the causes of the high CFR from the aspects of clinical features, medical resources, and epidemic situation.Methods In this study, we report the admission and outcomes of 341 patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted and hospitalized in the hospital (The First People's Hospital of Tianmen) from January 14 to February 25, 2020. Epidemic information and medical resources across different regions were collected and compared. Results All deaths from COVID-19 in Tianmen occurred in the hospital, and the proportion of patients with critical (8.5%) symptoms in the hospital is higher than the average in China. In addition, the number of affected patients in Tianmen is quite low, but the hospital and the whole city had the highest CFR in the early stage of the epidemic. Completely different from the stable CFR in Hubei Province, the CFR of COVID-19 in the hospital and city dropped dramatically, from the largest value in China to a more average level, within a few days. Analysis of government public documents showed that the per capita medical resources in Tianmen are worse than those of Wuhan and Hubei. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the inadequate capacity to respond to public health emergencies caused by relatively scarce health-care resources is a crucial factor contributing to the higher CFR of infectious diseases in regions with lower economic levels. Such countries and territories should implement strategies earlier to minimize the danger of COVID-19.
Diagnostic accuracy of MRI for detecting cervical invasion in patients with endometrial carcinoma: A meta-analysis
Authors: Bi Qiu , Bi Guoli , Wang Junna , Zhang Jie , Li Hongliang , Gong Xiarong , Ren Lixiang , Wu Kunhua 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Clinical management and the prognosis of endometrial cancer is closely related to cervical invasion. The diagnostic performance of MRI for detecting cervical invasion has not been comprehensively assessed. We aim to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the preoperative assessment of cervical invasion and to analyze the influence of different imaging protocols in patients with endometrial carcinoma.Methods: An extensive search of articles about MRI in assessing cervical invasion in patients with endometrial carcinoma was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Clinical Trials from January 2000 to July 2019. Two reviewers independently evaluated the methodological quality of each study by using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2). Diagnostic accuracy results and additional useful information were extracted. Pooled estimation data was obtained by statistical analysis. Results: A total of 42 eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. Significant evidence of heterogeneity was found for detecting cervical invasion (I2 = 74.1%, P = 0.00 for sensitivity and I2 = 56.2%, P = 0.00 for specificity). And the pooled sensitivity and specificity of MRI were 0.58 and 0.95 respectively. The use of higher field strength (3.0 T) demonstrated higher pooled sensitivity (0.74). Using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) alone presented higher pooled sensitivity (0.86) than using other sequences. Studies that used dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) alone showed higher sensitivity (0.80) and specificity (0.96) than that used T2-weighted image (T2WI) alone.Conclusions: MRI shows high specificity for detecting cervical infiltration in endometrial carcinoma. Using DWI or a 3.0-T device may improve the pooled sensitivity. The use of DCE-MRI demonstrate higher pooled sensitivity and specificity than T2WI.
Computational screening approaches for investigating potential activity of phytoligands against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Thakur Pallavi , Singh Shivam , Narsingh Swami , Singh Namita , Sharma Rakesh Kumar 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective: SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19, a life-threatening respiratory illness with high rates of morbidity and mortality. As on date, there is no specific medicine to prevent or treat COVID-19. Therefore, there is an acute need to identify evidence-based holistic and safe mitigators.Methods: The present study is aimed to screen ligands of herbal origin using rationale based bioprospection analysis and subsequently predict their binding potential subdue the major drug targets for novel Coronavirus by employing computer-aided virtual screening. Further, comparative analysis of the binding potential of an approved chemical analogue and selected herbal ligands were also predicted. The selection of receptors was performed based on their pathophysiological relevance, as assessed by a PubMed based keyword hits matrix analysis. The drug likeliness and ADMETox descriptors of 24 herbal ligands were computationally predicted. Docking studies were further conducted with those phytoligands that qualified these parameters. An existing antimalarial drug, hydroxychloroquine, was also docked with all the selected viral receptors and its theoretical binding energy was set up as a standard for comparison as well as scrutinization of binding energies of the phytoligands. Results: The docking studies suggested that the herbal ligand, namely, gamma-glutamyl-S-allylcysteine demonstrated highly significant binding energies with viral spike glycoprotein, endoribonuclease and main protease (binding energy ≥ -490 kcal/mol for all the tested viral receptors).Conclusion: Gamma-glutamyl-S-allylcysteine demonstrated more significant binding potential as compared to the known chemical analogue, i.e., hydroxychloroquine, as observed in the computational docking studies. This study serves to present pre-eminent information for further clinical studies highlighting the utility of herbal ligands as probable lead molecules for mitigating novel Coronavirus infection.
Pregnancy during the evolving pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A rapid scoping review of evidence in the published literature
Authors: Hasan Md Zabir , Kibria Gulam Muhammed Al , Alam Tasmeer 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BackgroundWith more than 1 million confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide and more than 50,000 deaths, the pandemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV-2) is rapidly evolving. SARS-CoV-2 can also pose a higher risk to pregnant women, due to their immunosuppression during pregnancy. This study investigates the emerging and most UpToDate published scientific literature on the clinical feature and management recommendations for pregnant women with COVID-19.MethodA wide range of published scientific literature was systematically searched from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and “Global research on coronavirus disease (COVID-19)” managed by the World Health Organization, published between 1 January 2019 to 27 March 2020. No limitations were used for geographical location, and articles published in English were included in the review. Results for the eligible studies were charted, analyzed, and presented in a narrative format. ResultOur study identified 52 unique articles, and 29 of those articles were included in this review after fulltext screening. Participants were mostly in their third trimester and presented with fever, dry cough, myalgia, shortness, and difficulty in breathing. Ground-glass opacity in the computerized tomography scan of the chest was the cardinal feature of COVID-19 pneumonia. Except for two participants, severe pneumonia did not occur among pregnant women. Pregnant women with COVID-19 were treated with a wide range of antiviral drugs. Higher episodes of preterm birth and cesarean delivery were observed; however, it cannot be explicitly attributed to the SARS-CoV-2. There is no published evidence on the vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Pregnancy with COVID-19 infection must be managed by a collaborative team of healthcare professionals during antenatal, delivery, or postnatal stage. Detailed contact tracing, investigating travel history, radiological assessment, and laboratory tests with regular fetal health monitoring must be done. ConclusionThe emerging evidence of higher perinatal complications puts pregnant women in a further vulnerable condition. Cautiousness is imperative during the clinical management of pregnant women with COVID-19, as there is no approved treatment regime available at this moment. More research is necessary to fill the gaps in the knowledge of the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 among pregnant women.
Roles of Medicinal Plants and Constituents in Gynecological Cancer Therapy: Current Literature and Future Directions
Authors: Akkol Esra Küpeli , Dereli Fatma Tuğçe Gürağaç , Sobarzo-Sánchez Eduardo , Khan Haroon 
Published: April 2020

:
Gynecologic cancers, including cervical, primary peritoneal, ovarian, uterine/endometrial,
vaginal and vulvar cancers and gestational trophoblastic disease, are characterized by abnormal cell
proliferation in female reproductive cells. Due to the variable pathology of these cancers and the lack
of appropriate screening tests in developing countries, cancer diagnosis can be reported in advanced
stages in most women and this situation adversely affects prognosis and clinical outcomes of illness.
For this reason, many researchers in the field of gynecological oncology have carried out many studies.

:
The treatment of various gynecological problems, which cause physical, biological and psychosocial
conditions such as fear, shame, blame and anger, has been important throughout the history. Treatment
with herbs has become popular nowadays due to the serious side effects of the synthetic drugs used in
treatment and the medical and economical problems caused by them. Many scientists have identified
various active drug substances through in vivo and in vitro biological activity studies on medicinal
plants from the past to the present. While the intrinsic complexity of natural product-based drug discoveries
requires highly integrated interdisciplinary approaches, scientific and technological advances
and research trends clearly show that natural products will be among the most important new drug
sources in the future.

:
In this review, an overview of the studies conducted for the discovery of multitargeted drug molecules
in the rational treatment of gynecological cancers is presented.
Advances in Studies on Stroke-Induced Secondary Neurodegeneration (SND) and Its Treatment
Authors: Datta Aishika , Sarmah Deepaneeta , Kalia Kiran , Borah Anupom , Wang Xin , Dave Kunjan R. , Yavagal Dileep R. , Bhattacharya Pallab 
Published: April 2020

Background:
The occurrence of secondary neurodegeneration has exclusively been observed
after the first incidence of stroke. In humans and rodents, post-stroke secondary neurodegeneration
(SND) is an inevitable event that can lead to progressive neuronal loss at a region distant to initial infarct.
SND can lead to cognitive and motor function impairment, finally causing dementia. The exact
pathophysiology of the event is yet to be explored. It is seen that the thalami, in particular, are susceptible
to cause SND. The reason behind this is because the thalamus functioning as the relay center and is
positioned as an interlocked structure with direct synaptic signaling connection with the cortex. As SND
proceeds, accumulation of misfolded proteins and microglial activation are seen in the thalamus. This
leads to increased neuronal loss and worsening of functional and cognitive impairment.

Objective:
There is a necessity of specific interventions to prevent post-stroke SND, which are not properly
investigated to date owing to sparsely reproducible pre-clinical and clinical data. The basis of this
review is to investigate about post-stroke SND and its updated treatment approaches carefully.

Methods:
Our article presents a detailed survey of advances in studies on stroke-induced secondary neurodegeneration
(SND) and its treatment.

Results:
This article aims to put forward the pathophysiology of SND. We have also tabulated the latest
treatment approaches along with different neuroimaging systems that will be helpful for future reference
to explore.

Conclusion:
In this article, we have reviewed the available reports on SND pathophysiology, detection
techniques, and possible treatment modalities that have not been attempted to date.
Nurses' Knowledge and Skills to Manage Patients with Psychological Distress in Emergency Departments
Authors: AlShibi Ahmad N. , Hamdan-Mansour Ayman M. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Identifying and managing patients with psychological distress is a challenge to nurses at emergency departments at hospitals not specialized in psychiatric mental health. This requires that nurses must be equipped with knowledge and skills to fulfill patients’ needs.

Objectives:
The purpose of this study is to identify the knowledge and skills of nurses to manage patients with psychological distress in emergency departments.

Methods:
A convenience sample of 307 registered nurses working at emergency departments completed and returned a package of surveys regarding knowledge and skills to manage patients with psychological distress in emergency departments.

Results:
Although nurses were found to have a high level of knowledge about managing psychological distress, their level of skills was lower. Nurses were found to encounter difficulty in identifying signs and symptoms of patients with psychological distress at emergency departments. A significant and positive correlation was found between nurses’ knowledge and skills (r =.68, p < .001). Statistical and significant differences were found in the knowledge of nursesin relation to their previous experience of receiving training and courses in managing psychological distress (p < .05).

Conclusion:
Nurses need to improve the level of knowledge in order toidentify the psychological and physical signs and symptoms of psychological distress, as well as to be equipped with skills that make them capable tof providing proper care and meeting patients’ needs with psychological distress at emergency departments.
Kesiapan mahasiswa pendidikan matematika dalam praktik pengalaman lapangan di sekolah
Authors: Aminullah Aminullah , Santosa Rusgianto Heri 
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesiapan mahasiswa pendidikan matematika se-Kota Mataram dalam melaksanakan Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) di sekolah yang ditinjau dari: kesiapan kompetensi pedagogi mahasiswa dan kesiapan kompetensi kepribadian mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan concurrent embedded strategy of mixed method. Sampel penelitian terdiri atas 104 mahasiswa pendidikan matematika yang melaksanakan PPL di sekolah, yang ditentukan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes, daftar ceklis, lembar observasi, dan angket. Analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif kuantitatif dengan kecenderungan kesiapan dalam lima kategori yaitu sangat siap, siap, cukup, kurang, dan sangat kurang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) kompetensi pedagogi mahasiswa masuk kategori cukup, (2) wawasan kompetensi pedagogi masuk kategori siap, (3) kemampuan menyusun RPP masuk kategori siap, (4) kemampuan melaksanakan pembelajaran masih kurang, (5) kemampuan menilai hasil belajar masuk kategori cukup, dan (6) kompetensi kepribadian mahasiswa masuk kategori cukup. The readiness of mathematics education students in mataram city in the teaching practicum at schools AbstractThis study aimed to describe the readiness of mathematics education students in Mataram City in implement the teaching practicum at schools in terms of the pedagogic competence and the personal competence. This study using the approach of the concurrent embedded strategy of mixed methods. The study sample consisted of 104 mathematics education students who carried out the teaching practicum at schools, which was determined using purposive sampling technique. The study instruments consist of a test, checklists, observation sheets, and questionnaires. The data were analyzed by means of the descriptive statistics using readiness tendencies in five categories: very ready, ready, fairly ready, poor, and very poor. The results of the study show that (1) the pedagogical competence of students was in the fairly ready category, (2) the pedagogic competence knowledge was in the ready category, (3) the ability to design lesson plans was in the ready category, (4) the ability to implement teaching was in the poor category, (5) the ability to assess students’ learning achievements was in the fairly ready category, and (6) the personal competence was in the fairly ready category.
Analisis kemampuan menyelesaikan soal HOTS model TIMSS dan kepercayaan diri siswa sekolah menengah pertama
Authors: Mandini Gity Wulang , Hartono Hartono 
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kemampuan siswa SMP di Kabupaten Wonosobo dalam menyelesaikan soal HOTS model TIMSS dan mendeskripsikan kepercayaan diri siswa SMP di Kabupaten Wonosobo. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian survei. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP di Kabupaten Wonosobo pada tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode stratified proportional random sampling dan diperoleh 99 siswa sebagai sampel yang terbagi dalam 4 sekolah, yaitu 1 sekolah kategori tinggi, 2 sekolah kategori sedang, dan 1 sekolah kategori rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kemampuan menyelesaikan soal HOTS model TIMSS siswa SMP Kabupaten Wonosobo dalam kategori sedang (85,9%). Selanjutnya dilihat untuk masing-masing indikator dari soal HOTS model TIMSS, indikator memadukan/ mensintesis, menganalisis, memberikan alasan, dan menyelesaikan masalah non-rutin berada pada kategori sedang, hanya terdapat 1 indikator yang berada pada kategori rendah yaitu menggeneralisasi. Sedangkan untuk kepercayaan diri siswa SMP di Kabupaten Wonosobo berada pada kategori sedang (56,6%). Bila dilihat untuk masing-masing aspek, bahwa aspek keyakinan akan kemampuan diri, optimis, objektif, dan bertanggung jawab berada pada kategori sedang, untuk aspek rasional dan realistis berada pada kategori rendah An analysis of junior high school students’ability in solving HOTS model TIMSS and self-confidence AbstractThe purpose of this study were to analyze the ability of junior high school students in Wonosobo to solve the HOTS model TIMSS problem and to describe the self-confidence of junior high school students in Wonosobo. This study was a survey. The population was all 8th grade of Wonosobo Junior High School in the academic year 2016/2017. Sampling used was stratified proportional random sampling method. The samples consisted of 99 students from 4 representative schools, namely 1 school for high category, 2 schools for medium cateogry, and 1school for low category. The results showed that the ability to solve the HOTS model TIMSS problem of junior high school students in Wonosobo was in the medium category (85.9%). Furthermore, for each indicator of HOTS model TIMSS problem, found that indicators integrate/ synthesize, analyze, justify, and solve non-routine problems were in medium category, there was only 1 indicator that in low category that is generalization. As for self-confidence of junior high school students in Wonosobo was in medium category (56.6%). When viewed from each aspects, aspect of belief in self-ability, optimist, objective, and responsible were in medium category, aspect of rational and realisticis was in low category.