bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Word2Sent: A new learning sentiment‐embedding model with low dimension for sentence level sentiment classification
Authors: Kasri Mohammed , Birjali Marouane , Beni‐Hssane Abderrahim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWord embedding models become an increasingly important method that embeds words into a high dimensional space. These models have been widely utilized to extract semantic and syntactic features for sentiment analysis. However, using word embedding models cannot be sufficient for sentiment analysis tasks because they do not contain sentiment features. Therefore, word embedding models do not adequately meet the comprehensive needs of sentiment analysis applications that rely on recognizing the polarity of a sentence. In this paper, we propose a sentiment embedding model (Word2Sent model) to tackle the weaknesses of the existing word embedding models for sentiment analysis applications. We developed this model based on the Continuous Bag‐of‐Words model and SentiWordNet lexicon to learn sentiment embedding for each word from its surrounding context words. It preserves semantic and syntactic features and captures implicitly sentiment ones. Besides, it can predict sentiment features in a very low sentiment embeddings dimension than traditional ones. The proposed method provides an improved sentiment classification performance and lowers the computational complexity. Both the accuracy performance and processing time results obtained indicate that the proposed model is particularly promising.
Hydraulic redistribution buffers climate variability and regulates grass‐tree interactions in a semiarid riparian savanna
Authors: Barron‐Gafford Greg A. , Knowles John F. , Sanchez‐Cañete Enrique P. , Minor Rebecca L. , Lee Esther , Sutter Leland , Tran Newton , Murphy Patrick , Hamerlynck Erik P. , Kumar Praveen , Scott Russell L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAnticipating the ability of ecosystems to maintain functional integrity across predicted altered precipitation regimes remains a grand ecohydrological challenge. Overstory trees and understory grasses within semiarid savannas vary in their structure and sensitivity to environmental pressures, underscoring the need to examine the ecohydrological implications of this climatic variability. Whereas precipitation has long been recognized as a key driver of landscape ecohydrology, understanding a site's hydraulic redistribution regime (the balance in downward and upward movement of water and the seasonality of these bidirectional flows) may be equally important to understanding moisture availability to vegetation in these dryland ecosystems. As a result, we linked measures of ecosystem‐scale carbon exchange, overstory tree sap flux and leaf‐level gas exchange to understory whole‐plot and leaf‐level carbon and water exchange within intact and trenched plots (isolating trees from grasses) in a riparian savanna ecosystem. We maintained measurements across 2 years with distinct precipitation regimes. We found that interannual precipitation variability yielded a categorical shift in the directionality and magnitude of the hydraulic redistribution regime—even within this single site. Additionally, we found that connectivity between overstory trees and understory grasses through hydraulic redistribution created a short period of competition within an average rain year but that facilitation of understory function by overstory trees was much greater and lasted longer during drier years. Together, these findings suggest that hydraulic redistribution can serve as a hydrologic buffer against interannual precipitation variability. Given current climate projections of more variable precipitation within and across years, understanding how hydraulic redistribution regimes vary through time will greatly enhance our capacity to anticipate future ecohydrological function.
Improved efficiency in eDNA metabarcoding of benthic metazoans by sieving sediments prior to DNA extraction
Authors: He Xiaoping , Sutherland Terri F. , Abbott Cathryn L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding can be used to rapidly characterize the taxon assemblage of benthic communities in sediments and thus has high potential to complement routine regulatory monitoring of benthic impacts. However, when using DNA extracted directly from subtidal sediments, only a small proportion of metazoan reads are obtained regardless of which available universal primers are used. Developing new metazoan‐specific primers for broad taxonomic amplification is very challenging and may not solve this problem; here, we investigate whether sieving sediments prior to DNA extraction provides a solution. The effect of sieving was tested on 84 sediment samples collected from two salmon farms. Average percentage of metazoan reads was 19.53% and 17.10% in nonsieved samples, and 81.03% and 89.92% in sieved samples at the two sites. Sieving effectively removed Ochrophyta taxa (e.g., seaweed and phytoplankton), but did not remove pelagic metazoans. Average percentage of benthic metazoan reads in sieved samples was 4.1 times of that in nonsieved samples (47.29% versus 11.46%) at one site and 5.7 times (20.03% versus 3.52%) at another. Sieving increased the number of benthic metazoan amplicon sequence variants by 27.67% and 51.30% at the two sites. Relative abundances of only a small fraction of benthic metazoan phyla showed significant differences between sieved and nonsieved samples. These differences can be taken into account when designing a benthic monitoring approach using eDNA metabarcoding. Since sediment sieving can be conducted either in the field or laboratory, and it allows many more samples to be multiplexed on one MiSeq run without compromising sequencing depth of benthic metazoan reads, we suggest this method can greatly increase the efficiency of eDNA metabarcoding for assessing benthic environments.
Moment detection by integrated tactile sensors for partner robot applications
Authors: Fujiyoshi Motohiro , Hata Yoshiyuki , Mima Kazuhiro , Hirano Hideki , Muroyama Masanori , Tanaka Shuji , Nakayama Takahiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper reports on moment detection by three integrated tactile sensors that detect 3‐axis forces. In this study, the three integrated tactile sensors were connected along a serial bus and were mounted in a triangle shape on a circuit board. Out‐of‐plane moment applied on the circuit board was measured using the shearing forces and a geometric relationship of the triangle sensor allay. The principle of the proposed moment detection method was demonstrated. The experimental results showed that the sensitivity and the nonlinearity were 1.10 count/N·m and ±16% full scale, respectively. The resolution of the obtained moment was below 0.015 N∙m. The moment detection ability enables the partner robots to grasp objects correctly and to interact softly with human.
Reactive power control of photovoltaic power generation systems by a wide‐area control system for improving transient stability in power systems
Authors: Kawabe Kenichi , Nanahara Toshiya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs the installed capacity of renewable energy sources is increasing, the role of inverters is becoming more important in the maintenance of power system stability. Therefore, in this study, we propose the use of a wide area control system (WACS) to control the inverters of photovoltaic (PV) systems in a coordinated manner to improve transient stability. In this method, we select PV systems whose reactive power injections are deemed to suppress the acceleration of the critical generator, based on a time‐domain simulation for each possible fault before the fault occurs. When a fault occurs, we trigger the reactive current injections with the selected PV systems that is, the WACS operates as an event‐based emergency control system. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that this method can further improve transient stability compared with an autonomous reactive current support function that is applied to existing PV inverters. The proposed WACS could be a promising approach to address the transient instability phenomena under unscheduled power flow conditions by periodically updating the control table based on real‐time information.
OUTSTEP‐HF: randomised controlled trial comparing short‐term effects of sacubitril/valsartan versus enalapril on daily physical activity in patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Piepoli Massimo F. , Hussain Rizwan I. , Comin‐Colet Josep , Dosantos Ramon , Ferber Philippe , Jaarsma Tiny , Edelmann Frank 
Published: December 2020

AimsOUTSTEP‐HF compared the effect of sacubitril/valsartan vs. enalapril on 6‐min walk test (6MWT) distance, non‐sedentary daytime physical activity and heart failure (HF) symptoms in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Methods and resultsAmbulatory patients (n = 621) with stable symptomatic HFrEF were randomised 1:1 to sacubitril/valsartan (n = 310) or enalapril (n = 311). Changes in physical activity and mean daily non‐sedentary daytime activity from baseline to Week 12 were measured using 6MWT and a wrist‐worn accelerometer device, respectively. After 12 weeks, 6MWT improved by 35.09 m with sacubitril/valsartan [97.5% confidence interval (CI) 27.85, 42.32] and by 26.11 m with enalapril (97.5% CI 18.78, 33.43); however, there was no significant difference between groups [least squares means treatment difference: 8.98 m (97.5% CI −1.31, 19.27); P = 0.0503]. Mean daily non‐sedentary daytime activity decreased by 27 min with sacubitril/valsartan and by 21 min with enalapril [least squares means treatment difference: −6 min (97.5% CI −25.7, 13.4), P = 0.4769] after 12 weeks. 6MWT improved by ≥30 m in 51% of patients in the sacubitril/valsartan group vs. 44% of patients treated with enalapril (odds ratio 1.251, 95% CI 0.895, 1.748). At Week 4, non‐sedentary daytime activity increased by ≥10% in 58% of patients treated with sacubitril/valsartan vs. 64% with enalapril; 58% of patients treated with sacubitril/valsartan reported improved HF symptoms as assessed by patient global assessment vs. 43% with enalapril. However, these differences did not persist at Week 12.ConclusionAfter 12 weeks of treatment, there was no significant benefit of sacubitril/valsartan on either 6MWT or daytime physical activity measured by actigraphy compared with enalapril.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Oxabicyclic Pyrrolidines of Medicinal Relevance: Merging Chemoenzymatic and Catalytic Methods
Authors: Hocine Sofiane , Montagnon Claire , Reddy Vakiti Jithender , Fourquez Jean‐Marie , Hanessian Stephen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTwo approaches to the synthesis of an oxabicyclic pyrrolidine‐6‐one are described using enzymatic resolution and gold‐mediated catalysis as key steps toward enantiopure compounds previously reported as racemic mixtures. Addition of Grignard reagents to the ketone afforded a variety of diversified tertiary alcohols of interest for their reported pharmacological activities.
The perils of succor: The European Union's financial role in the Western Balkans during COVID‐19
Authors: Shehaj Albana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Western Balkans' response to the first wave of COVID‐19 was efficient and swift. The countries’ capacity to mitigate the crisis has been vastly facilitated by EU fiscal disbursements. The funds have enabled governments to implement health and economic policies that counteract the crisis' socioeconomic repercussions. In this article, I examine the temporal effects of EU conditionality on the health outcomes and democratic governance of Balkan states. Identifying three features of the domestic political context—government accountability, the strength of opposition parties, and judicial system effectiveness—I assess the likelihood of divergent effects of the funds on health and democratic outcomes. I argue that while beneficial in the short term, in the long run, the EU funds risk enabling state capture and inadvertently jeopardizing the Western Balkans' post‐pandemic democratic prospects. I empirically substantiate my argument by examining the relationship between prior EU allocations (Instrument for Pre‐Accession Assistance) and clientelism in WB states during 2007–2017.
The validity of the fifth and the 10th Body Mass Index percentile as weight cut‐offs for anorexia nervosa in adolescence: No evidence from quantitative and network investigation of psychopathology
Authors: Monteleone Alessio Maria , Mereu Alberta , Cascino Giammarco , Ruzzi Valeria , Castiglioni Maria Chiara , Patriciello Giuseppina , Criscuolo Michela , Pellegrino Francesca , Vicari Stefano , Zanna Valeria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveAlthough the fifth Body Mass Index (BMI) percentile is the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders ‐5 weight cut‐off criterion to diagnose anorexia nervosa (AN) in children and adolescents, its validity has not been proved, and the 10th percentile value is often applied. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic validity of these weight cut‐offs.MethodWe compared general and eating‐disorder (ED) specific psychopathology in 380 adolescents with AN or atypical AN. They were grouped first with respect to the fifth BMI percentile and then with respect to the 10th BMI percentile and differences between groups were analysed. Network analyses on psychopathological symptoms were also conducted.ResultsAdolescents with BMI above the fifth and the 10th percentile reported more severe ED specific symptomatology compared to those with BMI below these cut‐offs. No significant differences emerged between groups neither in general psychopathology nor in the network structure of psychopathology.ConclusionsThe fifth BMI percentile does not discriminate psychopathology severity in adolescents with AN. From the psychopathology perspective, our findings suggest that adolescents with atypical AN deserve the same clinical and research attention as those with full AN. Future studies are needed to identify a more accurate definition of underweight in adolescents.
Red‐coated rocks on the seashore: The esthetics and geology of prehistoric rock art in Alta, Arctic Norway
Authors: Tansem Karin , Storemyr Per 
Published: December 2020

AbstractResearch suggests that the World Heritage rock engravings in Alta, Northern Norway, were made along the seashore over a period of 5000 years. The postglacial rebound and consequent land uplift have caused a continuous displacement of the shoreline, now situating the earliest rock art panels up to 26 m above sea level. By examining the rock surfaces at Hjemmeluft and other sites, using field observations and geological analyses, we found that the pronounced red bedrock surfaces in the current seashore zone are composed of inorganic iron films related to a high content of magnetite in the native sandstone. Coupled with an interpretation of regional environmental history, we also found that it is highly likely that the rock art was originally carved on rocks with red iron films, rocks that are now generally gray. Due to the land uplift and subsequent covering of the rock art with lichen, moss, and turf, the red color has waned at the rock art sites. This knowledge may renew interpretation and understanding of the location of rock art in Alta and may have implications for conservation and management.
Active DNA demethylation—The epigenetic gatekeeper of development, immunity, and cancer
Authors: Prasad Rahul , Yen Timothy J. , Bellacosa Alfonso 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDNA methylation is a critical process in the regulation of gene expression with dramatic effects in development and continually expanding roles in oncogenesis. 5‐Methylcytosine was once considered to be an inherited and stably repressive epigenetic mark, which can be only removed by passive dilution during multiple rounds of DNA replication. However, in the past two decades, physiologically controlled DNA demethylation and deamination processes have been identified, thereby revealing the function of cytosine methylation as a highly regulated and complex state—not simply a static, inherited signature or binary on‐off switch. Alongside these fundamental discoveries, clinical studies over the past decade have revealed the dramatic consequences of aberrant DNA demethylation. In this review we discuss DNA demethylation and deamination in the context of 5‐methylcytosine as critical processes for physiological and physiopathological transitions within three states—development, immune maturation, and oncogenic transformation; and we describe the expanding role of DNA demethylating drugs as therapeutic agents in cancer.
Prediction of brain age and cognitive age: Quantifying brain and cognitive maintenance in aging
Authors: Anatürk Melis , Kaufmann Tobias , Cole James H. , Suri Sana , Griffanti Ludovica , Zsoldos Enikő , Filippini Nicola , Singh‐Manoux Archana , Kivimäki Mika , Westlye Lars T. , Ebmeier Klaus P. , de Lange Ann‐Marie G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe concept of brain maintenance refers to the preservation of brain integrity in older age, while cognitive reserve refers to the capacity to maintain cognition in the presence of neurodegeneration or aging‐related brain changes. While both mechanisms are thought to contribute to individual differences in cognitive function among older adults, there is currently no “gold standard” for measuring these constructs. Using machine‐learning methods, we estimated brain and cognitive age based on deviations from normative aging patterns in the Whitehall II MRI substudy cohort (N = 537, age range = 60.34–82.76), and tested the degree of correspondence between these constructs, as well as their associations with premorbid IQ, education, and lifestyle trajectories. In line with established literature highlighting IQ as a proxy for cognitive reserve, higher premorbid IQ was linked to lower cognitive age independent of brain age. No strong evidence was found for associations between brain or cognitive age and lifestyle trajectories from midlife to late life based on latent class growth analyses. However, post hoc analyses revealed a relationship between cumulative lifestyle measures and brain age independent of cognitive age. In conclusion, we present a novel approach to characterizing brain and cognitive maintenance in aging, which may be useful for future studies seeking to identify factors that contribute to brain preservation and cognitive reserve mechanisms in older age.
Determinants of stock market returns in emerging markets: The linkage between institutional quality and macro liquidity
Authors: Nguyen Canh P. , Schinckus Christophe , Su Thanh D. , Chong Felicia H. L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article identifies that the institutional framework of a country and its liquidity are the main key drivers of stock market returns. To study this, we used the worldwide governance indicators as proxies to measure institutional quality. We apply the Sys‐GMM to model the correlational relationship of our variables. Our analysis for both institutional quality and macro liquidity in this study differs from the mainstream literature. In this paper, we modelled the stock market returns by adding the quality of a country's institutional framework and the country's liquidity level (measured by M2 account of money supply) to redefine classical models found in the mainstream literature. Sys‐GMM is applied for a panel of 34 emerging countries between 2002 and 2013. We observed an excess of liquidity for the country's level positively affects stock market returns in these countries. This positive influence is actually enhanced through the development of an adequate institutional framework. In this context, a high national liquidity volatility, as it is often observed in emerging countries, is not necessarily a bad thing for the financial markets and their influence can actually be enhanced through an adequate institutional structure to promote long‐term wealth for the society's well‐being and not only the wealth resulting from temporary capital market returns.
Comparison of cytotoxicity of Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO nanocomplexes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro
Authors: Yan Dejian , Xue Zhiyong , Li Shuang , Zhong Cheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNovel metal and metal oxide‐based nanocomplexes are being developed due to their superior properties compared with nanoparticles (NPs) based on single composition. In this study, we synthesized Ag‐coated ZnO (Ag/ZnO) and Ag‐doped ZnO (Ag@ZnO) NPs. The cytotoxicity and mechanisms associated with the synthesized NPs were investigated to understand the influence of Ag positions on biocompatibility of the NPs. After exposure to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), Ag/ZnO, Ag@ZnO, and ZnO NPs all significantly induced cytotoxicity, but the cytotoxic effects of Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO NPs were more modest in comparison with ZnO NPs. At cytotoxic concentrations, all NPs significantly induced intracellular Zn ions, which suggested a role of excessive Zn ions on cytotoxicity of NPs. All types of NPs significantly induced the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress genes including DNA damage‐inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3), X‐box binding protein 1 (XBP‐1), and ER to nucleus signaling 1 (ERN1), but Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO NPs were less effective to induce DDIT3 and XBP‐1 expression compared with ZnO NPs. Not surprisingly, only ZnO NPs significantly induced the expression of caspase 3. Combined, the results from this study showed that Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO NPs were less cytotoxic and less potent to induce ER stress gene expression compared with ZnO NPs, but there were no significant differences between Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO NPs. Our results may provide novel understanding about the biocompatibility of Ag–ZnO nanocomplexes.
Cerium oxide nanoparticles elicit antitumourigenic effect in experimental breast cancer induced by N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea and benzo(a)pyrene in female Wistar rats
Authors: Adebayo Olayinka A. , Akinloye Oluyemi , Adaramoye Oluwatosin A. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThe use of cerium oxide nanoparticles [CeO2NPs] in the biomedical field has continued to gain prominence due to its potent antioxidant property. This study was designed to assess the antitumorigenic effect of CeO2NPs in rats administered N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea [NMU] and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Twenty four female Wistar rats were equally assigned into four groups and treated with normal saline (control), [NMU + BaP], [NMU + BaP+CeO2NPs], and [NMU + BaP + vincristine]. Animals were pretreated with NMU and BaP three times (age 7, 10, and 13 weeks). Thereafter, vincristine and CeO2NPs were administered twice and three times per week, respectively, for 13 weeks. Results showed that the administration of NMU and BaP increased serum nitric oxide [NO] and myeloperoxidase [MPO] by 220% and 132%, respectively, whereas the activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases and level of total bilirubin remained unchanged. Furthermore, mammary inflammatory [NO and MPO] and oxidative stress (LPO) markers were increased by 37%, 19%, and 24%, respectively. Mammary superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, and glutathione‐S‐transferase were significantly decreased in [NMU + BaP]‐administered rats by 165%, 146%, 35%, and 36%, respectively. Immunohistochemistry showed downregulation of Bax, p53, and caspase‐3, while histology revealed the presence of malignant epithelial cells with pyknotic nuclei and high nucleocytoplasm in [NMU + BaP]‐administered rats. Treatment with CeO2NPs attenuated oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation and restored the cytoarchitecture of the tissue. Overall, CeO2NPs show an antitumourigenic effect in experimental breast cancer by targeting pathways linked to inflammation and apoptosis.