bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of an anthrax outbreak in Makoni District, Zimbabwe
Authors: Makurumidze Richard , Tafara Gombe Notion , Tapuwa Magure , Tshimanga Mufuta 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In Zimbabwe, anthrax continues to be a disease of public health importance with sporadic outbreaks reported in many parts of the country annually. A human anthrax outbreak occurred in Makoni District Ward 22 and 23 between June 2013 and February 2014. The human anthrax outbreak followed cattle deaths in the wards, which were laboratory confirmed to be due to anthrax. We report the clinical characteristics, distribution of anthrax cases (places, person and time), risk factors for contracting the disease, environmental assessment, district preparedness and response and outbreak prevention and control measures. Methods: We conducted an outbreak investigation with the design of a 1:1 case-control study. Cases and controls were frequency matched against sex. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Environmental assessment, district preparedness and response and outbreak prevention and control measures were assessed using a checklist, observations and key informant interviews. Multivariable unconditional logic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors associated with contracting anthrax. Results: Of the 64 cases, 37 cases and 37 controls were interviewed. All the cases had cutaneous anthrax with the commonest site of eschar being the hand (43%). Most of the cases (89%) were managed according to the national guidelines. On multivariable analysis, source of meat from other villagers [vs butchery, OR = 15.21, 95% CI (2.32-99.81)], skinning [OR = 4.32, 95% CI (1.25-14.94)] and belonging to a religion which permits eating meat from cattle slaughtered due to unknown illness or butchered after an unobserved death [OR = 6.12, 95% CI (1.28-29.37)] were associated with contracting anthrax. The district was poorly resourced and delayed to respond to the outbreak. Conclusion: The described anthrax outbreak resulted from contact and consumption of infected cattle meat. The district office response was delayed and was not prepared to control the outbreak. However, the outbreak was eventually controlled through cattle vaccination; health education and awareness campaigns. The district should strengthen its emergency preparedness and response capacity, revive zoonotic committees, conduct awareness campaign during the high-risk period and improve the surveillance of anthrax during high-risk periods.
A participatory surveillance of marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) morbidity and mortality in Argentina: first results.
Authors: Orozco Maria Marcela , Argibay Hernán D. , Minatel Leonardo , Guillemi Eliana C. , Berra Yanina , Schapira Andrea , Nucci Dante Di , Marcos Andrea , Lois Fernanda , Falzone Martin , Farber Marisa D. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In an era of unprecedented socio-ecological changes, managing wildlife health demands high-quality data collection and the engagement of local communities. Blastocerus dichotomus, the largest South American deer, is Vulnerable to extinction mainly due to habitat loss. Diseases have been recognised as a potential threat, and winter mortality has been historically described in marsh deer populations from Argentina. Field difficulties have, however, prevented in-depth studies of their health status.Results: Between May 2014 and April 2017, we investigated marsh deer morbidity and mortality in the two largest populations in Argentina. We collected data by means of a passive surveillance system that involved a network of researchers, field partners (veterinarians, park rangers, and local community), and decision makers. We sampled dead deer during as well as outside mortality events. A total of 44 marsh deer with different body condition scores were evaluated. We obtained haematology and biochemistry values from animals with good body condition score. Marsh deer with poor body condition had a high burden of the ticks Amblyomma triste and Rhipicephalus microplus. Vector-borne agents such as Theileria cervi, Trypanosoma theileri, Trypanosoma evansi, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Anaplasma platys, Anaplasma odocoilei, Anaplasma marginale, and Candidatus Anaplasma boleense were also found. Haemonchus spp., Ostertagia spp., and Trichostrongylus spp. were the most frequent gastrointestinal parasites in deer with poor body condition. A Multiple Correspondence Analysis reinforced a possible association of winter period with lower body score condition, high tick loads, infection with E. chaffeensis, and presence of harmful gastrointestinal parasites. Conclusions: Our approach allowed the establishment of a participatory surveillance network of marsh deer morbidity and mortality in Argentina. We report and analyse the first data obtained opportunistically within the framework of this network, providing information on the infectious and parasitic agents in marsh deer populations. The occurrence of Fasciola hepatica and Leptospira interrogans serovar pyrogenes is reported for the first time in wild marsh deer from Argentina. Our data will be useful to improve the interpretation of future mortality events. The field implementation of a surveillance network is key to a holistic approach to wildlife diseases.
The impact of patient safety culture and the leader coaching behaviour of nurses on the intention to report errors: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Chegini Zahra , Kakemam Edris , Jafarabadi Mohammad Asghari , Janati Ali 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: There is growing interest in examining the factors affecting the reporting of errors by nurses. However, little research has been conducted into the effects of perceived patient safety culture and leader coaching of nurses on the intention to report errors.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 256 nurses in the emergency departments of 18 public and private hospitals in Tabriz, northwest Iran. Participants completed the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC), Coaching Behavior Scale and Intention to Report Errors’ questionnaires and the data was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis.Results: Overall, 43% of nurses had an intention to report errors; 50% of respondents reported that their nursing managers demonstrated high levels of coaching. With regard to patient safety culture, areas of strength and weakness were “teamwork within units” (PRR = 66.8%) and “non-punitive response errors” (PRR = 19.7%). Regression analysis findings highlighted a significant association between an intention to report errors and patient safety culture (B = 0.2, CI 95%: 0.1 to 0.3, P < 0.05), leader coaching behavior (B = 0.2, CI 95%: 0.1 to 0.3, P < 0.01) and nurses’ educational status (B = 0. 8, 95% CI: -0.1 to 1.6, P < 0.05).Conclusions: Further research is needed to assess how interventions addressing patient safety culture and leader coaching behaviours might increase the intention to report errors.
Feeding practices in 6-24-month-old children with chronic cholestatic liver diseases: A mixed-method study
Authors: Chen Xiao , Wang Jianshe , Lu Yi , Xie Xinbao , Gu Ying , Latour Jos M. , Zhang Yuxia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Children with chronic cholestatic liver diseases have a high risk of malnutrition. However, nutritional management in China has received little attention, and there has been limited evidence regarding improving these practices. This study aimed to evaluate the feeding status of chronic cholestatic children aged 6-24 months and to explore their parents’ experiences with feeding practices. Methods: A mixed-method study was conducted among parents of 74 children with chronic cholestatic liver diseases. The Infant and Young Child Feeding Index (ICFI) was used to collect quantitative data of feeding practices. In-depth interviews with parents were performed to generate qualitative data. Multivariate analysis was conducted to identify predictors of inappropriate feeding practices. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: Only 16.2% of the children had appropriate feeding practices. In terms of dairy products, the rate of breastfeeding, medium-chain triglyceride formula feeding, and regular formula feeding were 25.7%, 39.2% and 44.6% respectively. The complementary feeding rate was 68.8%, and the age of adding complementary foods was 6.9±1.7 months. Consumption of foods from animal sources was suboptimal, 66.7% of the children aged 6-8 months and 45.5% of the children aged 9-11 months had carbohydrates as a single source of complementary foods and had no intake of meat, eggs or bean products, while in the age group 12-24 months, 52.0% of the children had eggs less than 2 days/week, 60.0% had meat less than 2 days/week, and 60.0% had no intake of bean products. Low literacy of the primary care provider was significantly related to inappropriate feeding practices (adjusted OR 5.52; 95% CI 1.29, 23.66). The result of the interviews indicated that parents generally lacked the scientific knowledge of feeding and thought that the intake of animal source foods and oils would be a burden to the liver and cause damage to the liver functions.Conclusion: Parents generally lacked science-based feeding knowledge and the feeding practices in 6-24-month-old children diagnosed with chronic cholestatic liver diseases fell short of the recommendations in current nutritional guidelines. Appropriate interventions targeting social and cultural family circumstances should therefore be included in supporting parents in feeding practices to improve children’s clinical outcomes.
Proteomic and metabolic profile analysis of low-temperature storage responses in Ipomoea batata Lam. tuberous roots
Authors: Cui Peng , Li Yongxin , Cui Chenke , Huo Yanrong , Lu Guoquan , Yang Huqing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is one of the seven major food crops grown worldwide, with 70-75% of production in China. Cold stress often can cause protein expression pattern and substance contents variations for tuberous roots of sweetpotato during low-temperature storage. Recently, we developed proteometabolic profiles of the fresh sweetpotatoes (cv. Xinxiang) in an attempt to discern the cold stress-responsive mechanism of tuberous root crops during post-harvest storage.Results: For roots stored under 4℃ condition, the CI index, REC and MDA content in roots were significantly higher than them at control temperature (13℃). The activities of SOD, CAT, APX, O2.- producing rate, proline and especially soluble sugar contents were also significantly increased. Most of the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were implicated in pathways related to metabolic pathway (~22%), especially phenylpropanoids (~10%) and followed by starch and sucrose metabolism (~3%). Proteins including L-ascorbate peroxidase 3 and catalase were down-regulated during low temperature (4℃) storage. α-amylase, sucrose synthase and fructokinase were significantly up-regulated in starch and sucrose metabolism, while β-glucosidase, glucose-1-phosphate adenylyl-transferase and starch synthase were opposite. Furthermore, metabolome profiling revealed that glucosinolate biosynthesis, tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis as well as protein digestion and absorption played a leading role in metabolic pathways of sweetpotato roots. More importantly, leucine, tryptophan, tyrosine, isoleucine and valine were all significantly up-regulated in glucosinolate biosynthesis. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD017728.Conclusions: Our proteomic and metabolic profile analysis of sweetpotato roots stored at low temperature reveal that the antioxidant enzymes activities, proline and especially soluble sugar content were significantly increased. Most of the DEPs were implicated in phenylpropanoids and followed by starch and sucrose metabolism. The discrepancy between proteomic (L-ascorbate peroxidase 3 and catalase) and biochemical (APX/CAT enzyme activity) data may be explained by higher H2O2 levels and increased glutathione and ascorbate redox states, which enhanced the CAT/APX enzyme activity indirectly. Glucosinolate biosynthesis played a leading role in metabolic pathways of sweetpotao roots. More importantly, leucine, tryptophan, tyrosine, isoleucine and valine were all significantly up-regulated in glucosinolate biosynthesis.
How does the self-reported health of undergraduate nursing students change during their degree programme? Survey results from a Scottish University
Authors: Evans Josie , Andreis Federico , Cameron Dawn M , Eades Claire E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The lifestyle behaviours, and the physical and mental health of nurses, are poorer than those of other allied health professionals, and of the general population. However, these were no less favourable among first year undergraduate nursing students at a Scottish Higher Education Institution (HEI) than among similar people of the same age. We compared health and health behaviours among the same cohort of undergraduate nursing students over the course of their degree. Methods: An anonymous self-complete repeat cross-sectional survey was administered during a timetabled teaching session at three time-points to undergraduate nursing students at the start of Years 1, 2 and 3 of their programme. They had received written information about the study previously. Results: Self-reported health did not change significantly over time, but there was a clear decline over the three years in the proportions of students rating their mental health as excellent/very good/good and a concomitant increase in those rating their mental health as fair/poor. Correspondingly, the mean WEMWBS wellbeing score declined over the three years, with the proportion of students with a score of <46 (indicating either high risk of major depression, or in high risk of psychological distress and increased risk of depression) increasing from one quarter to one half. This effect was captured and described using a Bayesian regression analysis. The most noticeable change in health behaviours was a decline in physical activity levels over the study period. The proportion of students managing 150 minutes of weekly physical activity decreased from three quarters to two thirds. This was reflected in higher self-reported sedentary time, although there were no observable trends over time in mean BMI, or proportions of students categorised as overweight or obese. Conclusions: This paper suggests that there may be a decline in mental health and in participation in physical activity among nursing students over the course of their degree. We recommend the incorporation of an intervention into the undergraduate nursing curriculum that promotes and encourages regular physical activity, offering students the opportunity to learn about health promotion and lifestyle change in practice, to improve their own physical health, and to address mental wellbeing.
Prevalence and Correlates of Mycoplasma genitalium Infections among Patients Attending a Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinic in Guangdong, China a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Zhao PZ , Ke WJ , Wang LY , Tso Lai Sze , Chen ZY , Liao YY , Liang CM , Chen HR , Ren XQ , Huang JM , Ong JJ , Yang F , Yang Ligang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) causes urogenital tract infections and is associated with reproductive morbidity. Although MG has been reported across many regions and population groups, it is not yet routinely tested for in China. Our study contributes to current research by reporting the prevalence and correlates of MG infection in patients attending a sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic in Guangdong from Jan 2017-May 2018.Methods: Urethral (from 489 men) and endo-cervical (from 189 women) samples, blood samples, and patient histories (via questionnaires) were collected. Doctors clinically diagnosed anogenital warts (GW) during the examination (n=678). The presence of MG was evaluated using an in-house via polymerase chain reaction protocol. We also tested all participants for herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), syphilis and HIV. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to evaluate factors associated with MG.Results: MG was detected in 7.2% (49/678) of the patients (men, 7.4%; women, 6.9%). The MG positivity rate was 14.2% among symptomatic patients, and 5.6% for asymptomatic patients , respectively. Only 36.7% (18/49) Mg positive patients were symptomatic. Among the MG-infected patients, 10.2% were co-infected with CT, 6.1% with NG, 8.2% with HSV-2, 4.1% with syphilis and 22.4% with GW. Presentation with clinical symptoms was significantly associated with MG infection [OR=2.52 (2.03-3.13)]. In our analysis, MG was not associated with other STIs.Conclusions: MG is a relatively common infection among individuals attending an STI clinic in Guangdong Province. Routine testing of symptomatic patients may be necessary, and more epidemiological studies are needed to provide evidence for future testing guidelines,
Dorsal approach with Glissonian approach in laparoscopic anatomic hepatectomy for right lobe
Authors: Wang Shaohe , Yue Yang , Zhang Wenjie , Liu Qiaoyu , Sun Beicheng , Sun Xitai , Yu Decai 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Laparoscopic anatomic hepatectomy (LAH) has gradually become a routine surgical procedure. We previously reported that Glissonian approach combined with major hepatic vein first was effective for LAH. Because dorsal approach could effectively expose the major hepatic vein, we merged it with Glissonian approach in LAH for the right lobe.

Methods

Twenty patients who underwent LAH from January 2017 to November 2018 were retrospectively analysed. Of these patients, seven patients underwent laparoscopic right hemihepatectomy (LRH group), seven patients who underwent laparoscopic right posterior hepatectomy (LRPH group), and six patients who underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy for segment 7 (LS7 group). First, the paracaval portion of caudate lobe along the IVC was transected through dorsal approch after the corresponding hepatic pedicles were isolated through Glissonian approach. Next, the liver parenchyma was transected by dorsal approach until the corresponding major hepatic vein was exposed from its trunk to the root. Then, the liver parenchyma was transected by a ventral approach. Finally, the root of the major hepatic vein was transected.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 53.8 years and the male: female ratio was 8:12. The median operation time was 306.0 ± 58.2 min and the mean estimated volume of blood loss was 412.5 ± 255.4 mL. The mean duration of postoperative hospital stay was 10.2 days. The mean Pringle maneuver time was 64.8 ± 27.7 min. Five patients received transfusion of 2–4 U of red blood cells. Two patients suffered from transient hepatic dysfunction and one suffered from pleural effusion. None of the patients underwent conversion to an open procedure. The operative duration, volume of the blood loss, Pringle maneuver time, and postoperative hospital stay duration did not differ significantly among the LRH, LRPH, and LS7 groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Dorsal approach combined with Glissonian approach for right lobe in LAH is feasible and effective, although it is essential to include more cases for further study.
Antimicrobial resistance among GLASS pathogens in conflict and non-conflict affected settings in the Middle East: A systematic review
Authors: Truppa Claudia , Abo-Shehada Mahmoud N. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In spite of the evident general negative effects of armed conflict on countries’ health systems and populations’ health outcomes, little is known about similar impacts of conflicts on the spread of antimicrobial resistances (AMR). This review was to address this evidence gap and describe:1. Patterns of AMR in the Middle East (ME) and resistance profiles of pathogens included in the Global AMR Surveillance System (GLASS) supported by the World Health Organization;2. Differences in proportions of AMR isolates between conflict and non-conflict countries. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and searching five electronic databases. Subject heading and free text were searched for “antimicrobial resistances” and “Middle East”, to identify observational studies on AMR published from January 2011 to June 2018. Data were extracted from included articles on a predefined set of variables. Percentages of AMR were analysed as median and interquartile ranges. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: A total of 132 articles met the inclusion criteria. Included studies showed heterogeneity in study design, laboratory methods and standards for interpretation of results, and an overall high risk of bias. Main findings were the following:1. High proportions of carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter spp. (median 74.2%: range), and both carbapenem resistance (median 8.1% and 15.4% for E. coli and K. pneumoniae respectively) and ESBL-production (median 32.3% and 27.9% for E. coli and K. pneumoniae respectively) amongst Enterobacteriaceae. S. aureus isolates showed a median methicillin resistance percentage of 45.1%, while vancomycin resistance was almost absent. A median of 50% of the strains of S. pneumoniae showed non-susceptibility to penicillin. 2. Similar trends were observed in conflict and non-conflict affected countries.Conclusions: There is a lack of standardization in the methodological approach to AMR research in the Middle East. The proportion of antibiotic resistances among specific GLASS pathogens is high, particularly among Acinetobacter spp.