bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of a novel somatic mutation of POU6F2 by whole‐genome sequencing in prolactinoma
Authors: Miao Yazhou , Li Chuzhong , Guo Jing , Wang Hongyun , Gong Lei , Xie Weiyan , Zhang Yazhuo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPituitary adenomas (PAs) are one of the most common intracranial tumors; approximately half of PAs are prolactin (PRL)‐secreting PAs (prolactinomas). The genetic alterations prevalent in prolactinomas are unknown.MethodsHere, we present a patient with an extremely aggressive and giant prolactinoma accompanied by serious destruction of the surrounding bone mass. This patient exhibited resistance to dopaminergic drugs. Through whole‐genome sequencing, we identified two novel somatic mutations in the POU6F2 gene (NM_001166018.2: c. 839 C>T; NM_001166018.2: c. 875A>G).ResultsThis report is the first to identify these somatic mutations in the POU6F2 gene in a prolactinoma. We found that these two mutations obviously decreased the expression level of POU6F2. Inhibition of POU6F2 activity increased the cell proliferation and PRL secretion in rat pituitary cells, but proliferation and PRL secretion were decreased in cells with POU6F2 overexpression.ConclusionsPOU6F2 might play a crucial role in the development of prolactinomas and may be a promising target for developing new therapies against prolactinomas.
Macrofaunal Assemblages on Oyster Aquaculture and Rock Reef Habitat in Long Island Sound
Authors: Mercaldo-Allen Renee , Clark Paul , Liu Yuan , Meseck Shannon , Milke Lisa , Redman Dylan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Trap sampling was used to survey the relative abundance of juvenile fish and invertebrates near three habitats including an off-bottom oyster cage farm (cage farm), a traditional on-bottom oyster culture area (shell bottom), and a natural cobble and boulder reef (rock reef) in a coastal embayment in Long Island Sound near Milford, Connecticut. Ten traps, deployed on two subsites within each habitat (20/habitat), were allowed to soak for ~24 hours, two to three times per week, from June through September 2016. The assemblages of juvenile finfish appeared to be similar on the cage farm and rock reef, while the composition of the invertebrate community was more variable among the three habitats. These preliminary observations suggest that oyster cage farms may provide functional habitat that is populated by structure-oriented finfish communities similar to those that are found on natural rock reefs in Long Island Sound.
Leading collective action to address wicked problems
Authors: Alexander Benjamin N. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe alleviation of wicked problems requires collective action because these issues are characterized by significant uncertainty and complexity. This research extends prior work by examining how conveners' use robust action to navigate wicked problems' defining characteristics in the mobilization process. It provides a longitudinal study of a health care nonprofit attempting to engage other stakeholders in addressing the high costs and inadequate quality of health care in a region of the United States. Specifically, the convener sought to address this wicked problem by developing a health information exchange. The findings relate five robust action tactics through which the convener advanced collective action.
A review of nutrition labeling and food choice in the United States
Authors: Dumoitier Alice , Abbo Vincent , Neuhofer Zachary T. , McFadden Brandon R. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryA proliferation of processed food and labeling claims motivated the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990, which mandated the Nutrition Facts Label. Providing nutrition information is often put forth as a way to change food choice; however, despite efforts to provide dietary information using nutrition labeling, more than a third of the US has obesity and portions of the population continue to under consume vital nutrients. There has been progress beyond the Nutrition Facts Label in recent years with front‐of‐package labeling and menu labeling, which is crucial given changes in consumption trends for food‐away‐from‐home. Additionally, changes were recently made to the Nutrition Facts Label due to lack of awareness, understanding, and ability to effectively improve diet quality. This paper explores the literature to track the evolution of knowledge about attention to nutrition information and how nutrition information affects dietary choices.
High‐accuracy protein structures by combining machine‐learning with physics‐based refinement
Authors: Heo Lim , Feig Michael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractProtein structure prediction has long been available as an alternative to experimental structure determination, especially via homology modeling based on templates from related sequences. Recently, models based on distance restraints from coevolutionary analysis via machine learning to have significantly expanded the ability to predict structures for sequences without templates. One such method, AlphaFold, also performs well on sequences where templates are available but without using such information directly. Here we show that combining machine‐learning based models from AlphaFold with state‐of‐the‐art physics‐based refinement via molecular dynamics simulations further improves predictions to outperform any other prediction method tested during the latest round of CASP. The resulting models have highly accurate global and local structures, including high accuracy at functionally important interface residues, and they are highly suitable as initial models for crystal structure determination via molecular replacement.
Dynamic and static nature of activated interactions in transition states as elucidated by quantum theory of atoms‐in‐molecules dual functional analysis: A case of ligand exchange at the N of sulfonylimino‐λ3‐bromanes
Authors: Nakanishi Waro , Hayashi Satoko , Nishide Taro , Otsuki Shota 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA method to elucidate the dynamic and static natures of the activated interactions in transition states (TSs) is proposed using quantum theory of atoms‐in‐molecules (QTAIM) dual functional analysis (QTAIM‐DFA). The natures are determined for the ligand exchange at the N of sulfonylimino‐λ3‐bromanes, RBr‐*‐N(SO2CF3)‐*‐X′R′ (R, R′ = Me or Ph, X′ = Br′ or I′). Asterisks (*) emphasize the presence of bond critical points within the interactions in question. While data from the optimized structures of TSs correspond to the static nature, those from the perturbed and optimized structures represent the dynamic nature. The nature of the interactions in Br‐*‐N‐*‐X′ calculated with QTAIM‐DFA, using the perturbed structures generated using the normal coordinates for the imaginary frequencies (NIV), was very similar to that in trigonal bipyramidal adduct formation through charge transfer. The results with NIV were precisely the same as those obtained based on intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC). The high applicability of QTAIM‐DFA is demonstrated when analyzing the activated interactions in TSs.
Using post‐column infused internal standard assisted quantitative metabolomics for establishing prediction models for breast cancer detection
Authors: Huang Marisa , Li Hung‐Yuan , Liao Hsiao‐Wei , Lin Ching‐Hung , Wang Chin‐Yi , Kuo Wen‐Hung , Kuo Ching‐Hua 
Published: November 2019

RationaleBreast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women and its associated mortality is on the rise. Metabolomics is a potential strategy for breast cancer detection. The post‐column infused internal standard (PCI‐IS)‐assisted liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method has been demonstrated as an effective strategy for quantitative metabolomics. In this study, we evaluated the performance of targeted metabolomics with the PCI‐IS quantification method to identify women with breast cancer.MethodsWe used metabolite profiling to identify 17 dysregulated metabolites in breast cancer patients. Two LC/MS/MS methods in combination with the PCI‐IS strategy were developed to quantify these metabolites in plasma samples. Detection models were built through the analysis of plasma samples from 176 subjects consisting of healthy volunteers and breast cancer patients.ResultsThree isotope standards were selected as the PCI‐ISs for the metabolites. The accuracy was within 82.8–114.16%, except for citric acid and lactic acid at high concentration levels. The repeatability and intermediate precision were all lower than 15% relative standard deviation. We have identified several metabolites that indicate the presence of breast cancer. The area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve, sensitivity and specificity of the linear combinations of metabolite concentrations and age with the highest AUROC were 0.940 (0.889–0.992), 88.4% and 94.2% for pre‐menopausal woman, respectively, and 0.828 (0.734–0.922), 73.5% and 85.1% for post‐menopausal women, respectively.ConclusionsThe targeted metabolomics with PCI‐IS quantification method successfully established prediction models for breast cancer detection. Further study is essential to validate these proposed markers.
Contribution of Home Language and Literacy Environment to English Reading Comprehension for Emergent Bilinguals: Sequential Mediation Model Analyses
Authors: Relyea Jackie Eunjung , Zhang Jie , Liu Yu , Lopez Wui Ma. Glenda 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to explore the dimensionality of the English home language and literacy environment (HLLE) construct in multilingual home settings for fourth‐ and fifth‐grade emergent bilinguals. The authors also evaluated a framework of mediating mechanisms underlying the effects of emergent bilinguals’ EnglishHLLEon English reading comprehension by testing the mediation role of morphological awareness and vocabulary. Confirmatory factor analytic results showed that home language use and home literacy environment are two distinct but internally related subdomains embedded within the generalHLLEconstruct. This finding confirms the complex and multifaceted nature ofHLLEas depicted in the literature. Moreover, findings from sequential mediation analyses indicated thatHLLEhad no significant direct effect on English reading comprehension but made a substantial contribution to morphological awareness, which in turn influenced vocabulary and further enhanced reading comprehension. The present study contributes to the current literature by providing a more comprehensive view of the pathways through which emergent bilinguals’HLLEleads to reading comprehension.
Cell-Based Therapies for Alveolar Bone and Periodontal Regeneration: Concise Review
Authors: Moreno Sancho Federico , Leira Yago , Orlandi Marco , Buti Jacopo , Giannobile William V. , D'Aiuto Francesco 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Current regenerative strategies for alveolar bone and periodontal tissues are effective and well adopted. These are mainly based on the use of a combination of synthetic/natural scaffolds and bioactive agents, obviating the incorporation of cells. However, there are some inherent limitations associated with traditional techniques, and we hypothesized that the use of cell-based therapies as part of comprehensive regenerative protocols may help overcome these hurdles to enhance clinical outcomes. We conducted a systematic review of human controlled clinical trials investigating the clinical and/or histological effect of the use of cell-based therapies for alveolar bone and periodontal regeneration and explored the translational potential of the different cell-based strategies identified in the included trials. A total of 16 studies (11 randomized controlled trials, 5 controlled clinical trials) were included for data synthesis and qualitative analysis with meta-analyses performed when appropriate. The results suggest a clinical benefit from the use of cell therapy. Improved outcomes were shown for alveolar ridge preservation, lateral ridge augmentation, and periodontal regeneration. However, there was insufficient evidence to identify best-performing treatment modalities amongst the different cell-based techniques. In light of the clinical and histological outcomes, we identify extraction socket and challenging lateral and vertical bone defects requiring bone block grafts as strong candidates for the adjuvant application of mesenchymal stem cells. Given the complexity, invasiveness, and costs associated with techniques that include “substantial manipulation” of tissues and cells, their additional clinical benefit when compared with “minimal manipulation” must be elucidated in future trials. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1286&1295
Software availability and entry
Authors: Bennett Victor M. , Hall Todd A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryWhat happens to market structure as an industry's operations lean ever more on software? We find that software availability is associated with an increase in entry and an increase in exit by the oldest and most established firms. We suggest three potential mechanisms and, through post hoc analysis, determine which is most consistent with observed patterns. We find the effect of software availability on entry is stronger in settings with more available IT talent, more permissive labor policies, and greater demand uncertainty. Observed patterns are most consistent with software enhancing labor productivity and thus reducing exposure to uncertainty.Managerial SummaryManagers and policymakers are concerned with whether technologies like software and robotics spreading to new industries can make powerful firms even harder to unseat. For software, we find evidence consistent with the opposite: as software becomes more prevalent, entry by new firms increases and the likelihood that older firms exit increases. The patterns of entry we observe are consistent with the following mechanism. Software allows the same number of employees to serve a wider range of production levels, meaning that potential startups are less likely to be deterred by uncertain demand.
Investigation on dielectrical and space charge characteristics of peek insulation used in aerospace high‐voltage system
Authors: Liu Zili , Wang Li , Hou Xinbin , Wu Jiang 
Published: November 2019

Because of the insulation issue in the high‐voltage system of spacecrafts, the dielectric and space charge characteristics of polyether‐ether‐ketone (PEEK) insulating material are studied in this paper. The electric conduction, trap parameters and space charge characteristic of PEEK, especially the space charge distribution after 50 keV high‐energy electron radiation, are measured and analyzed, respectively. From the test results, a low DC conductivity (∼10−16 S/cm) and an activation energy of 0.1–0.2 eV are estimated. It indicates that the conductivity is insensitive to the temperature. In addition, a deep chemical trap (2 eV) is evaluated in the PEEK sample. The slight space charge accumulation and the high threshold field for charge injection of the PEEK sample are dominated by the pulsed electro‐acoustic (PEA) results. Compared to the polyimide sample (PI), the space charge accumulations are lower in PEEK, and the charge dispersions in the PEEK after irradiation are faster than those in PI. Based on the experimental results, it can be inferred that the space charge properties are ascribed to the deep traps. From the microstructure analysis, it can be seen that the benzene ring and carbonyl group in the PEEK chemical structure would introduce deep traps, resulting in a higher injection barrier and less space charge accumulation. The results show that PEEK sample is a superior insulating material, and the excellent dielectric and space charge characteristics are beneficial for application in spacecraft. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Epitranscriptomic marks: Emerging modulators of RNA virus gene expression
Authors: Netzband Rachel , Pager Cara T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEpitranscriptomics, the study of posttranscriptional chemical moieties placed on RNA, has blossomed in recent years. This is due in part to the emergence of high‐throughput detection methods as well as the burst of discoveries showing biological function of select chemical marks. RNA modifications have been shown to affect RNA structure, localization, and functions such as alternative splicing, stabilizing transcripts, nuclear export, cap‐dependent and cap‐independent translation, microRNA biogenesis and binding, RNA degradation, and immune regulation. As such, the deposition of chemical marks on RNA has the unique capability to spatially and temporally regulate gene expression. The goal of this article is to present the exciting convergence of the epitranscriptomic and virology fields, specifically the deposition and biological impact of N7‐methylguanosine, ribose 2′‐O‐methylation, pseudouridine, inosine, N6‐methyladenosine, and 5‐methylcytosine epitranscriptomic marks on gene expression of RNA viruses.This article is categorized under:
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Factors affecting recruitment into General Practice: a double binary choice approach
Authors: Davison Ian , McManus Chris , Brown Celia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recruitment to General Practice (GP) is currently low in many countries. Here we focus on two binary choices for junior doctors: first, whether to apply to GP; second, whether to accept a GP training place if offered. Previous attitudinal studies have indicated factors claimed to affect recruitment. The current study goes further by quantifying the relative impact of different factors on the propensity of candidates to apply to GP and accept a training place. An online questionnaire was sent to candidates applying to United Kingdom (UK) specialty training in 2015. Descriptive statistics and a path analysis evaluated the importance of various factors on GP applications. Our results were synthesised with an analysis of data from the online applications portal. With 3838 candidates responding to the survey, the path analysis showed that personality and previous GP experiences were strongly associated with the decision to apply. There was some evidence that it was easier to enter GP than other specialties; in terms of deciding whether to accept, the evidence suggests GP was a backup plan for around 9% of candidates who accepted a GP post. Our results indicate that recruitment initiatives should focus on candidates who apply to GP but not as first choice or consider GP but do not apply, particularly by providing substantial experience of GP and accentuating the positives of the specialty such as work-life balance and the intellectual challenge of working with patients in primary care. Acceptance of a GP place may also depend on competition for places in other specialties.
Stability Conditions for Affine Type A
Authors: Apruzzese P. J. , Igusa Kiyoshi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We construct maximal green sequences of maximal length for any affine quiver of type A. We determine which sets of modules (equivalently c-vectors) can occur in such sequences and, among these, which are given by a linear stability condition (also called a central charge). There is always at least one such maximal set which is linear. The proofs use representation theory and three kinds of diagrams shown in Fig. 1. Background material is reviewed with details presented in two separate papers Igusa (2017a, b).
A simulation model to investigate impacts of facilitating quality data within organic fresh food supply chains
Authors: Leithner Magdalena , Fikar Christian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDemand for and production of organic fresh food play an increasing role worldwide. As a result, a growing amount of fresh fruits and vegetables has to be transported from predominantly rural production regions to customers mostly located in urban ones. Specific handling and storage conditions need to be respected along the entire supply chain to maintain high quality and product value. To support organic food logistics operations, this work investigates benefits of facilitating real-time product data along delivery and storage processes. By the development of a simulation-based decision support system, sustainable deliveries of organic food from farms to retail stores are investigated. Generic keeping quality models are integrated to observe impacts of varying storage temperatures on food quality and losses over time. Computational experiments study a regional supply chain of organic strawberries in Lower Austria and Vienna. Results indicate that the consideration of shelf life data in supply chain decisions allow one to reduce food losses and further enables shifting surplus inventory to alternative distribution channels.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Life on Venus and the interplanetary transfer of biota from Earth
Authors: Joseph Rhawn Gabriel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEvidence and observations favoring the hypothesis that Venus is habitable, and the celestial mechanisms promoting the interplanetary transfer of life, are reviewed. Venus may have been contaminated with Earthly life early in its history via interplanetary transfer of microbe-laden bolide ejecta; and this seeding with life may have continued into the present via spacecraft and due to radiation pressure and galactic winds blowing microbial-laden dust ejected from the stratosphere via powerful solar winds, into the orbit and atmosphere of Venus. Venus may have had oceans and rivers early in its history until 750 mya, and, hypothetically, some of those species which, theoretically, colonized the planet during that time, may have adapted and evolved when those oceans evaporated and temperatures rose. Venus may be inhabited by a variety of extremophiles which could flourish within the lower cloud layers, whereas others may dwell 10 m below the surface where temperature may be as low as 200 ∘C—which is within the tolerance level of some hyperthermophiles. Speculation as to the identity of mushroom-shaped specimens photographed on the surface of Venus by the Russian probe, Venera 13 support these hypotheses.
Reality and Super-Reality: Properties of a Mathematical Multiverse
Authors: McKenzie Alan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEver since its foundations were laid nearly a century ago, quantum theory has provoked questions about the very nature of reality. We address these questions by considering the universe—and the multiverse—fundamentally as complex patterns, or mathematical structures. Basic mathematical structures can be expressed more simply in terms of emergent parameters. Even simple mathematical structures can interact within their own structural environment, in a rudimentary form of self-awareness, which suggests a definition of reality in a mathematical structure as simply the complete structure. The absolute randomness of quantum outcomes is most satisfactorily explained by a multiverse of discrete, parallel universes. Some of these have to be identical to each other, but that introduces a dilemma, because each mathematical structure must be unique. The resolution is that the parallel universes must be embedded within a mathematical structure—the multiverse—which allows universes to be identical within themselves, but nevertheless distinct, as determined by their position in the structure. The multiverse needs more emergent parameters than our universe and so it can be considered to be a superstructure. Correspondingly, its reality can be called a super-reality. While every universe in the multiverse is part of the super-reality, the complete super-reality is forever beyond the horizon of any of its component universes.