bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sensitivity of the Fatigue and Fitness Test for Teams (FFITT) to measure the demands of a rugby match
Authors: Starling Lindsay T. , Nellemann Stacy , Parkes Andrew , Lambert Michael I. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRegular monitoring of players in a team can be a challenge because it is time consuming, expensive and impractical. The Fatigue and Fitness Test for Teams (FFITT) was developed to satisfy the demands of a practical monitoring protocol for frequent use in team sports. This study aimed to quantify the sensitivity of the FFITT and assess the practicality of implementing the FFITT in a rugby team. The FFITT was completed before and after three university 1st XV rugby union matches. The FFITT was sensitive to the demands of a rugby match in some individuals. Grouped results (n = 22 players) revealed a significant reduction in HRR60s of 7 beats post‐match 3 (P = 0.002; ES = 0.52), which is greater than the 5 beats which constitute a meaningful change in fatigue and fitness. A significant reduction in SLJ of 11 cm was also observed post‐match 3 (P = 0.04; ES = 0.69), which is less than the meaningful change (13 cm). On an individual level, meaningful changes occurred in SLJ distance in nine players, in HRR60s in 14 players and in both HRR60s and SLJ in three players. Descriptive analysis of the RTT‐Q revealed that players experienced increased muscle soreness and reduced readiness‐to‐train post‐match 1 and post‐match 2. The FFITT could be successfully completed by the squad in 8 min during their warm‐up. The FFITT satisfies both scientific principles and the coach's demands of a practical monitoring protocol for frequent use in the team sports setting.
Primary productivity of managed and pristine forests in Sweden
Authors: Ahlström Anders , Jong Geerte Fälthammar-de , Nijland Wiebe , Tagesson Torbern 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Land use is affecting 70% of global ecosystems and their functioning. Forest management is a regionally dominant land use and affects forest ecosystems by changing both structure and functioning, but its impact on primary productivity is not well known. Here we investigated the effect of forest management on primary productivity by comparing managed secondary forests with relatively pristine unmanaged primary forests in Sweden. As proxy for primary productivity we used the satellite-based vegetation index NIRv which has been shown to be closely and linearly related to primary productivity. We produced a digital map of 390 primary forests across Sweden, and extracted NIRv over these and surrounding secondary forests forming spatially proximate pairs. By comparing the primary and secondary forests NIRv in the pairs we found that secondary forests on average show higher NIRv, but the highest values were found in primary forests. The difference in NIRv between pairs is related to their difference in mean stand age, and at equal stand age the NIRv of primary forests is higher than in their paired secondary forests. Overall, management leads to increased NIRv through regeneration of forests stands that reduce their mean age. However, primary forests show higher NIRv when controlling for age, despite being found on higher altitudes and on steeper slopes with lower soil moisture, which suggests that forest management other than regeneration is not increasing primary productivity of Swedish forests.
Soybean Phospholipids-Based Extender as an Alternative for Bull Sperm Cryopreservation
Authors: Gunawan M , Kaiin E M , Mudita G S , Chaidir R R A 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis current work investigated the usage of soybean phospholipid (SP) in extenders for bull sperm cryopreservation. The sperm was obtained from Friesian Holstein (FH) bulls using an artificial vagina method. Furthermore, semen samples were pooled and diluted in a Tris egg yolk-based extender (control group; CG) or Tris extender supplemented with SP at different concentrations (G1 = 0.5%, G2 = 1%, G3 = 1.5%, G4 = 2%, G5 = 2.5%) for a final concentration of 25×106spermatozoa/0.25 mL. Subsequently, they were packed in straws (0.25 mL), cryopreserved using liquid nitrogen vapor for 10 minutes, then stored in liquid nitrogen (-196°C). As a result, control group presented significantly higher values in motility, viability and membrane integrity at the stage of dilution, equilibration and post-thawing compared to treatment group (P<0.05). After thawing (37°C/30s), no significant difference was observed between G4 and control group for all parameters observed using Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) (P>0.05). In conclusion, the addition of 2% soybean phospholipid in Tris-based extender can be used for freezing bull semen, producing a satisfied fertility rate in post-thawing stage.
Strategy for Improving Production Performance and Preservation of Madura Cattle
Authors: Siswijono S B , Winarto P S , Prafitri R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Research on strategies to improve the production performance and preservation of Madura Cattle aims to formulate a strategy for Madura Cattle farming management. The study utilized survey method. Data were collected by interview, participatory observation and documentation.The survey results showed that farmers had a negative perception of production performance and they believed that cross-breeding was the best way to improve the appearance of Madura Cattle. Documentation of the study proofed that an important step had been taken by the government in the preservation of Madura Cattle with the establishment of institutional preservation of Madura Cattle. However, the institution for preservation of Madura Cattle only tends to regulate Madura cattle farmers’ obligations without regulating the rights of these farmers. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the institutional preservation of Madura cattle has developed significantly, especially on their efforts to preserve Madura cattle. The result of this study suggested that the establishment of a policy of regulating cross-breeding patterns and the determination of economic incentives were needed as an alternative to the institutional development of Madura Cattle preservation.
The discrepancy in the construction industry of Malaysia: one of the most contributing industries in Malaysia’s economy and the highest contributor of the fatal accidents
Authors: Zid Chaher , Kasim Narimah , Raza Soomro Ali , Laidoune Abdelbaki 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Malaysian construction industry is considered as substantial power for the economy of the country. The value of construction work is increasing year per year. Malaysia’s economy experienced a commendable growth the recent years; basically, the construction industry is statistically significant with economic development and has strong linkages with other industry sectors. However, the Malaysian construction industry is facing many challenges especially the fatal accidents. These last came first on top of the construction sector compared all other industries. This article describes the importance of the construction sector for Malaysia’s economy and its efficient contribution across all states of Malaysia. Furthermore, detailed statistics and analysis were carried out to describe the severity of fatal accidents occurred in construction industry of Malaysia. Besides, recommendations were listed in order to better manage the construction industry without involving in fatal accidents. By taking into account the significant influence of the construction industry on Malaysian economy, full attention should be given to the construction field by the Malaysian government and improve further the construction management in general and the construction safety in particular.
Experimental investigation on pineapple leaf fiber as biomass source for renewable energy application
Authors: Abdullah N , Jamiluddin J , Hagos F Y , Azmi N S N 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDepletion of fossil fuel reserves along with major environmental impacts needs the government and authorities to emphasis on renewable energy resources. Biomass from plantation waste is among the significant resource for renewable energy. Hence, this research was carried out with the primary objective is to evaluate the potential of pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) as an alternative for current biomass resources which are oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) and rice husk (RH). The PALF was obtained from pineapple leaf waste by using hand scrapping technique. Then the characterization process was conducted on the PALF used in the present study to investigate its cellulose contents. Five samples were tested for calorimetric value by using the calorimetric thermometer and bomb cylinder. The calorimetric value test shows that the PALF has a calorimetric average value of 16.93 MJ/Kg. Therefore, the finding reveals that the PALF has high potential as an alternative for current biomass resources for renewable energy application. The utilization of PALF with higher cellulose content compared with the present study expected capable of providing higher calorimetric value result in the future.
Experimental performance analysis of single slope single basin solar still with extended pin fins basin liner in summer and winter climatic conditions
Authors: Agrawal Abhay , Rana R S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this work, the conventional single slope, single basin solar still and modified single slope, single basin solar still with extended pin fins basin liner was fabricated and experimentally investigated in summer and winter climate at Rewa (Lat. 24°33′ 20.81″ N). The modified basin liner was prepared by 2.5 cm long and 0.18 cm diameter mild steel pins which were vertically inserted in the basin liner sheet of mild steel. Each pin was kept at a distance of 1.5 cm from the adjacent pin. The basin liner with pin fins was painted black so that more and more solar energy could be absorbed. The daily productivity values of modified pin fins basin liner solar still during summer and winter were obtained as 4.375 Kg/m2 and 2.565 Kg/m2 respectively. It has been observed that in the modified solar still, 13.2 % more distillate output is obtained than conventional solar still in both summer and winter climate. The increase in the productivity of modified solar still is due to increase in the surface area of basin liner.
Functional objective parameters which may discriminate patients with mild cognitive impairment from cognitively healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis using an instrumented kinematic assessment
Authors: Fuentes-Abolafio Iván José , Stubbs Brendon , Pérez-Belmonte Luis Miguel , Bernal-López María Rosa , Gómez-Huelgas Ricardo , Cuesta-Vargas Antonio 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
a systematic review in 2015 showed kinematic gait and balance parameters which can discriminate patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from cognitively healthy individuals.

Objective
this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to summarise and synthesise the evidence published after the previous review about the functional objective parameters obtained by an instrumented kinematic assessment which could discriminate patients with MCI from cognitively healthy individuals, as well as to assess the level of evidence per outcome.

Methods
major electronic databases were searched from inception to August 2019 for cross-sectional studies published after 2015 examining kinematic gait and balance parameters, which may discriminate patients with MCI from cognitively healthy individuals. Meta-analysis was carried out for each parameter reported in two or more studies.

Results
Ten cross-sectional studies with a total of 1,405 patients with MCI and 2,277 cognitively healthy individuals were included. Eight of the included studies reported a low risk of bias. Patients with MCI showed a slower gait speed than cognitively healthy individuals. Thus, single-task gait speed (d = −0.44, 95%CI [−0.60 to −0.28]; P &lt; 0.001), gait speed at fast pace (d = −0.48, 95%CI [−0.72 to −0.24]; P &lt; 0.001) and arithmetic dual-task gait speed (d = −1.20, 95%CI [−2.12 to −0.28]; P = 0.01) were the functional objective parameters which best discriminated both groups.

Conclusion
the present review shows kinematic gait parameters which may discriminate patients with MCI from cognitively healthy individuals. Most of the included studies reported a low risk of bias, but the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation criteria showed a low level of evidence per outcome.
Systematic relevance of the pollen morphology for theRondeletiacomplex (Cinchonoideae, Rubiaceae)
Authors: Torres-Montúfar Alejandro , Ramírez-Arriaga Elia , Martínez-Hernández Enrique , Ochoterena Helga 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSeventeen morphologically related genera have been considered as the Rondeletia complex, traditionally in Rondeletieae. Molecular studies agree that this is a polyphyletic group and some genera have been transferred to Guettardeae. Nevertheless, no solid morphological characters support this hypothesis. Our aim is to explore pollen morphology to see if this source of characters has systematic value. Our study uses light and scanning electron microscopy for 30 species of both tribes representing 14 genera. The most important characters are polar outline, endoaperture type and nexine discontinuities. Our results do not permit diagnosis of tribes, but they show that the genera formerly included in the Rondeletia complex, but now placed in Guettardeae, have nexine discontinuities in polar areas: endofissures (Rogiera) or endocracks (Arachnothryx complex: Arachnothryx-Gonzalagunia-Javorkaea-Renistipula). Palynological data also confirm a close relationship of Rondeletia with Stevensia, corroborating their synonymy, and of Arachnothryx with Gonzalagunia-Javorkaea-Renistipula, providing evidence of their close relationship. We conclude that pollen is a useful source of characters for supporting main lineages, but further research is still necessary for other genera, including Blepharidium, Machaonia, Mazaea and additional Rondeletia spp.
Gene Similarity Networks Unveil a Potential Novel Unicellular Group Closely Related to Animals from the Tara Oceans Expedition
Authors: Arroyo Alicia S , Lannes Romain , Bapteste Eric , Ruiz-Trillo Iñaki 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Holozoa clade comprises animals and several unicellular lineages (choanoflagellates, filastereans, and teretosporeans). Understanding their full diversity is essential to address the origins of animals and other evolutionary questions. However, they are poorly known. To provide more insights into the real diversity of holozoans and check for undiscovered diversity, we here analyzed 18S rDNA metabarcoding data from the global Tara Oceans expedition. To overcome the low phylogenetic information contained in the metabarcoding data set (composed of sequences from the short V9 region of the gene), we used similarity networks by combining two data sets: unknown environmental sequences from Tara Oceans and known reference sequences from GenBank. We then calculated network metrics to compare environmental sequences with reference sequences. These metrics reflected the divergence between both types of sequences and provided an effective way to search for evolutionary relevant diversity, further validated by phylogenetic placements. Our results showed that the percentage of unicellular holozoan diversity remains hidden. We found novelties in several lineages, especially in Acanthoecida choanoflagellates. We also identified a potential new holozoan group that could not be assigned to any of the described extant clades. Data on geographical distribution showed that, although ubiquitous, each unicellular holozoan lineage exhibits a different distribution pattern. We also identified a positive association between new animal hosts and the ichthyosporean symbiont Creolimax fragrantissima, as well as for other holozoans previously reported as free-living. Overall, our analyses provide a fresh perspective into the diversity and ecology of unicellular holozoans, highlighting the amount of undescribed diversity.
Giant Island Mice Exhibit Widespread Gene Expression Changes in Key Metabolic Organs
Authors: Nolte Mark J , Jing Peicheng , Dewey Colin N , Payseur Bret A 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIsland populations repeatedly evolve extreme body sizes, but the genomic basis of this pattern remains largely unknown. To understand how organisms on islands evolve gigantism, we compared genome-wide patterns of gene expression in Gough Island mice, the largest wild house mice in the world, and mainland mice from the WSB/EiJ wild-derived inbred strain. We used RNA-seq to quantify differential gene expression in three key metabolic organs: gonadal adipose depot, hypothalamus, and liver. Between 4,000 and 8,800 genes were significantly differentially expressed across the evaluated organs, representing between 20% and 50% of detected transcripts, with 20% or more of differentially expressed transcripts in each organ exhibiting expression fold changes of at least 2×. A minimum of 73 candidate genes for extreme size evolution, including Irs1 and Lrp1, were identified by considering differential expression jointly with other data sets: 1) genomic positions of published quantitative trait loci for body weight and growth rate, 2) whole-genome sequencing of 16 wild-caught Gough Island mice that revealed fixed single-nucleotide differences between the strains, and 3) publicly available tissue-specific regulatory elements. Additionally, patterns of differential expression across three time points in the liver revealed that Arid5b potentially regulates hundreds of genes. Functional enrichment analyses pointed to cell cycling, mitochondrial function, signaling pathways, inflammatory response, and nutrient metabolism as potential causes of weight accumulation in Gough Island mice. Collectively, our results indicate that extensive gene regulatory evolution in metabolic organs accompanied the rapid evolution of gigantism during the short time house mice have inhabited Gough Island.
Mast Cell Tryptase Promotes Inflammatory Bowel Disease–Induced Intestinal Fibrosis
Authors: Liu Bin , Yang Mu-Qing , Yu Tian-Yu , Yin Yang-Yang , Liu Ying , Wang Xiao-Dong , He Zhi-Gang , Yin Lu , Chen Chun-Qiu , Li Ji-Yu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Intestinal fibrosis is the final pathological outcome of chronic intestinal inflammation without specific therapeutic drugs, which leads to ileus and surgical intervention. Intestinal fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). The role of mast cells (MCs), which are members of the sentinel immune cell population, is unknown in intestinal fibrosis.

Methods
In this study, we analyzed changes in MCs, tryptase proteins, and ECM components in human fibrotic and control patient intestines. We constructed dextran sodium sulfate–induced intestinal fibrosis models using wild-type mice, MC-reconstituted mice, and MC-deficient mice to explore the role of MCs and tryptase in intestinal fibrosis. The roles and mechanisms of MCs and tryptase on fibroblasts were evaluated using human MCs (HMC-1 and LAD-2), commercial tryptase proteins, human colon fibroblasts (CCD-18Co fibroblasts), the tryptase inhibitor APC366, and the protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) antagonist ENMD-1068.

Results
Regardless of whether the colon was a human colon or a mouse colon, the fibrotic intestinal tissue had increased MC infiltration and a higher expression of ECM proteins or genes than that of the control group. The dextran sodium sulfate–induced intestinal fibrosis in MC-deficient mice was alleviated compared with that in wild-type mice. After MC reconstruction in MC-deficient mice, the alleviating effect disappeared. Tryptase, as a content stored in MC granules, was released into fibrotic intestinal tissues in the form of degranulation, resulting in an increased expression of tryptase. Compared with the control group, the tryptase inhibition group (the APC366 group) had reduced intestinal fibrosis. The CCD-18Co fibroblasts, when cocultured with MCs or treated with tryptase proteins, were activated to differentiate into myofibroblasts and secrete more ECM proteins (such as collagen and fibronectin). The underlying mechanism of fibroblast activation by tryptase was the activation of the PAR-2/Akt/mTOR pathway.

Conclusions
We found that MC tryptase promotes inflammatory bowel disease–induced intestinal fibrosis. The underlying mechanism is that tryptase promotes the differentiation of fibroblasts into fibrotic-phenotype myofibroblasts by activating the PAR-2/Akt/ mTOR pathway of fibroblasts.
The Role of Amici Curiae in Light of Recent Developments in Investment Treaty Arbitration: Legitimizing the System?
Authors: Baltag Crina 
Published: June 2020

Abstarct
Recent developments in investment arbitration and international investment law, in general, are prompting the review of the role of amici curiae in investment arbitration proceedings. The latest initiatives addressing the challenges to the investor-State dispute settlement (‘ISDS’) system, including under the auspices of the UNCITRAL Working Group III, alluded to the participation of the amici in ISDS proceedings. The new generation of international investment agreements (‘IIAs’) is also tackling an enhanced role of amicus curiae, whereas the proposal for the amendment of the ICSID Arbitration Rules includes sizeable amendments to Rule 37(2), to reflect these developments and other concerns raised so far in the practice. This paper addresses the role of amici curiae in these turbulent times for ISDS, emphasizing that, before anything, the role of these non-disputing parties is to assist arbitral tribunals.
Exploitative abuses in digital markets: between competition law and data protection law
Authors: Buiten Miriam Caroline 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Online platforms increasingly offer consumers services ‘for free’, in exchange for collecting consumers’ personal data. This business model is highly successful, leading some online platforms to gain substantial market power. This market power can cause consumer harm—not through higher prices, but in the form of privacy harm. This article considers what role competition law and data protection law can play in mitigating this harm to privacy. The article considers how we can conceptualize exploitative abuse of dominance cases in zero-price markets. The article calls into question if data protection laws should play a role in antitrust abuse assessments, against the background of the Bundeskartellamt antitrust investigation into Facebook’s data collection practices. The article argues that, even in digital markets that unequivocally link market power with data privacy concerns, competition law and data protection law have complementary but distinct roles to play.
Privacy, Personalization, and Price Discrimination
Authors: Hidir Sinem , Vellodi Nikhil 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We study a bilateral trade setting in which a buyer has private valuations over a multi-product seller’s inventory. We introduce the notion of an incentive-compatible market segmentation (IC-MS)—a market segmentation compatible with the buyer’s incentives to voluntarily reveal their preferences. Our main result is a characterization of the buyer-optimal IC-MS. It is partially revealing, comprised primarily of pooling segments wide enough to keep prices low but narrow enough to ensure trade over relevant products. We use our results to study a novel design problem in which a retail platform seeks to attract consumers by calibrating the coarseness of its search interface. Our analysis speaks directly to consumer privacy and the debate regarding product steering versus price discrimination in online retail.