bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A maxillary center incisor with three independent roots and three root canals
Authors: Wang Jia , Zhang Wenyi , Zhou Lei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Three root canals (mesiobuccal, distobuccal and palatal) are rarely found (frequency <1%) in the maxillary central incisor even though root canal morphology in maxillary premolars is highly variable. Therefore, research papers showed that dentists can easily miss the root canals in diagnosis and inflammatory diffusion; which could cause unsuccessful root canal treatment leading to various possible infections and no change in original inflammations. In this report, the diagnose and clinical management of an unusual case of a maxillary center incisor with three independent roots and three root canals is presented, along with a demonstration of using CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) and collaborate with other departments to successfully accomplish an accurate diagnosis of the morphology and quantity of the root canal system.

Patient concerns:
The patient was referred to clinic for his repeatedly abscessed in the gums of the left upper central incisor.

Diagnoses:
Based on clinical and radiographic evidences, the patient was tentatively diagnosed with a chronic periapical periodontitis for #21 tooth.

Interventions:
The patient was performed with the conventional root canal treatment and then clinical observed.

Outcomes:
At the second visit after 7 days, the patient was not sensitive to percussion. After operation for 3 months, and found that the sinus opening had not healed. Then, the patient was undergone with the periodontal flap surgery to remove root infection for 2 weeks.

Lessons:
From this clinical case, the lesson learned is that the previous clinical experiences cannot be used to make judgments or decisions; it requires specific analysis from the information gathered through CBCT(Cone Beam Computed Tomography)and the cooperation between different departments to come up with a responsible decision. In any stomatological hospitals, due to the large number of departments and the strong specialized focuses for each department; it is very important to encourage and support the cooperation between the departments, to limit any judgment bias due to lack of knowledge and maximize each department's strengths.
Wuzi Yanzong Pill for the treatment of male infertility
Authors: Yong Shanshan , Yang Yali , Li Fuhao , Yao Hangyu , Yang Fang , Chang Degui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
The incidence of male infertility is increasing worldwide, and has become an important problem that plagues many married couples. Half of the infertility cases have induced by male infertility. Wuzi Yanzong Pill is a traditional Chinese herbal formula used in treating spermatorrhea, premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, lumbago and male sterility widely. Therefore, in this systematic review, we design to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Wuzi-Yanzong Pill for the treatment of male infertility.

Methods:
The English and Chinese literature published before June 30, 2020 will be searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and Chinese literature in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese biomedical document service system, VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database, WANFANG data. All related randomized controlled trials that meet the eligibility criteria will be included and other studies will be excluded. We will search literature with text keywords “male infertility” or “sperm” or “semen” and “Wuzi Yanzong Pill” or “Wuziyangzong” or “WZYZ”. Progressive motility, sperm concentration, sperm morphology, sperm viability, sperm DNA fragmentation, sperm number per ejaculate, pregnancy rates will be evaluated. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0 will be used to conduct this systematic review. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocols statement is followed in this protocol and the PRISMA statement will be followed in the completed systematic review.

Conclusion:
The efficacy and safety of Wuzi Yanzong Pill in the treatment of male infertility will be e evaluated. The results of this review may provide some help for the clinician's decision.
A clinical study of Yiqi Huayu Jiedu decoction reducing the risk of postoperative gastric cancer recurrence and metastasis
Authors: Hu Yue , Pan Xiaoting , Nie Mengjun , Liu Yuanjie , Zou Xi , Liu Shenlin , Liu Qin , Wang Ruiping , Zhang Li 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
Gastric cancer is a common gastrointestinal tumor, seriously threatening human health. Radical surgery is the preferred treatment for gastric cancer. However, due to the late diagnosis and postoperative recurrence and metastasis, the prognosis is dismal. In China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat gastric cancer for many years. The purpose of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of Yiqi Huayu Jiedu decoction in the treatment of postoperative gastric caner.

Methods/design:
226 eligibility patients altogether will be randomly allocated to the treatment group and the control group at a ratio of 1:1. After enrollment, every patients will obtain 6 months of treatment, as well as 2 years of follow-up. At the end of this study, primary outcomes including 1-year progression-free survival rate, 2-year progression-free survival rate and disease-free survival, secondary outcomes containing tumor markers, TCM syndrome points, quality of life scale, imageological examination and the safety indicators will be assessed.

Discussion:
This study will provide the evidence-based evidence for the efficacy of Yiqi Huayu Jiedu decoction reducing the risk of postoperative gastric cancer recurrence and metastasis, which will be beneficial to form the therapeutic regimen in postoperative gastric cancer with integrated TCM and Western medicine.

Trail registration:
ChiCTR2000032802
Mining prognostic factors of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer patients using nomogram model
Authors: Gao Hongxiang , Dang Yazheng , Qi Tao , Huang Shigao , Zhang Xiaozhi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study is to establish the nomogram model and provide clinical therapy decision-making for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) patients with different metastatic sites using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program.
A total of 10,025 patients of ES-SCLC with metastasis from January 2010 to December 2016 were enrolled from the SEER database. All samples were randomly divided into a derivation cohort and a validation cohort, and the derivation cohort was divided into 6 groups by different metastatic sites: bone, liver, lung, brain, multiple organs, and other organs. Using Cox proportional hazards models to analyze candidate prognostic factors, screening out the independent prognostic factors to establish the nomogram. Compare the different models by Net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement. Concordance index (C-index) and the calibration curve were used to verify the prediction efficiency of the nomogram in the derivation cohort and validation cohort.
In the derivation cohort, the median overall survival was 7 months. The overall survival rates at 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year were 55.07%, 24.61%, and 7.56%, respectively. The median survival time was 10, 8, 7, 9, 7, and 6 months for the 6 groups of different metastatic sites: other, bone, liver, lung, brain, and multiple organs, respectively. Age, sex, race, T, N, distant metastatic site, and chemotherapy were contained in the final nomogram prognostic model. The C-index was 0.6569777 in the derivation cohort and 0.8386301 in the validation cohort.
The survival time of ES-SCLC patients with different metastatic sites was significantly different. The nomogram can effectively predict the prognosis of individuals and provide a basis for clinical decision-making.
What factors affect the methodological and reporting quality of clinical practice guidelines for osteoporosis? Protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Fang Peng-Zhong , Chen Ya-Min , Chen Jin-Lei , Sun Jun-Hao , Tan Jian-Shi , Wang Rui-Rui , Wang Xin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
Osteoporosis is a disease with a high prevalence and low treatment rate, which poses a serious threat to the lives of patients and brings a heavy economic burden. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) provide vital guidance for disease management. Up to now, different countries, regions, and organizations have issued a certain number of CPGs for osteoporosis, but the recommendations in different guidelines are inconsistent. This protocol plans to evaluate the quality of the CPGs for osteoporosis and then make a comparative analysis of the recommendations in the CPGs.

Methods:
Several databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library, as well as the official website of relevant organizations will be searched. Screen and data extraction will be performed by two reviewers independently, and the third reviewer help to resolve the divergence between them. Using the AGREE II instrument and RIGHT checklist to assess the methodological and reporting quality of the CPGs. The extracted recommendations, including but not limited to screening, diagnosis, evaluation and treatment, will be summarized and analyzed, and the results will be presented in tabular form. Bubble charts will be used to show quality differences between CPGs and to describe the correlation between methodological and reporting quality through regression analysis. Excel, EndnoteX9 and SPSS 25.0 will be used.

Result:
To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the existing CPGs of osteoporosis and analyze the similarities and differences between the recommendations, the results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Conclusion:
This study will provide systematic evidence for existing CPGs of osteoporosis and to provide a reference for CPGs users.

Protocol Registration:
INPLASY 202070031.
The operation training for magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy
Authors: Hu Jinlong , yunpeng Huang , Wang Shupeng , Sun Siyu 
Published: August 2020

Background and aim
Magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (MCE) is a safe, noninvasive examination and has a diagnostic accuracy similar to that of standard gastroscopy. Now, MCE is widely used in the clinical practice. However, there is no studies about MCE training. This study aims to report the operation training course of MCE.

Methods
The MCE training data of trainees without gastroscopy experience was reviewed. The characteristics of trainees, training course, training time and training results were recorded.

Results
The MCE training data of five technical people were included in the present study. All participants were females with mean age of 32-years-old (range 30–34 years). All the participants finished the training course in 4 days. We reviewed the data of the first 10 MCE examination performed by the participant. Three participants could finish the whole stomach observation in all 10 patients (10/10). Two participants could finish the whole stomach observation in nine patients (9/10).

Conclusion
After the systematic training course, technical staff can be trained for MCE operation. Further studies should be conducted to observe the learning curve of MCE operation.
Paediatric inflammatory bowel disease in India: a prospective multicentre study
Authors: Srivastava Anshu , Sathiyasekharan Malathi , Jagadisan Barath , Bolia Rishi , Peethambaran Maya , Mammayil Geetha , Acharya Bhaswati , Malik Rohan , Sankaranarayanan Srinivas , Biradar Vishnu , Malhotra Smita , Philip Mathew , Poddar Ujjal , Yachha Surender Kumar 
Published: August 2020

Background
Paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) is increasing across the world. However, information from India is sparse. This multicentre study evaluated the demographics, clinical phenotype and outcome of PIBD from India.

Methods
Data of children (≤18 years) with PIBD were collected using a proforma containing details of demographics, clinical profile, extraintestinal manifestations (EIM), investigations, disease extent and treatment.

Results
Three hundred twenty-five children [Crohn’s disease: 65.2%, ulcerative colitis: 28.0%, IBD unclassified (IBDU): 6.7%, median age at diagnosis: 11 (interquartile range 6.3) years] were enrolled. 6.9% children had family history of IBD. Pancolitis (E4) was predominant in ulcerative colitis (57.8%) and ileocolonic (L3, 55.7%) in Crohn’s disease. Perianal disease was present in 10.9% and growth failure in 20.9% of Crohn’s disease cases. Steroids were the initial therapy in 84.2%, 5-amino salicylic acid in 67.3% and exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in 1.3% cases. Overall, immunomodulators and biologics were given to 84.3 and 17.9% cases, respectively, and 2.9% cases underwent surgery. Very early onset IBD (VEOIBD) was seen in 60 (19.2%) children. IBDU was commoner in the VEOIBD than the older-PIBD (18/60 vs 4/253; P < 0.001). VEOIBD-Crohn’s disease patients more often had isolated colonic disease than the older Crohn’s disease (45.4% vs 11.8%; P < 0.001). Prevalence of perianal disease, EIM, therapeutic requirements and outcome were not different between VEOIBD and older-PIBD.

Conclusion
Disease location and phenotype of PIBD in Indian children is similar to the children from the west. However, the therapeutic options of EEN, biologics and surgery are underutilized. VEOIBD accounted for 19.2% of PIBD.
Negative 11C-choline PET/computed tomography imaging in restaging of patients with prostate cancer with serum prostate-specific antigen values >20 ng/mL
Authors: Telo Silvi , Fanti Stefano , Nanni Cristina , Lambertini Alessandro , Picchio Maria , Gianolli Luigi , Schiavina Riccardo , Bianchi Lorenzo , Briganti Alberto , Mapelli Paola , Castellucci Paolo , Farolfi Andrea 
Published: August 2020

Objective
Several studies have reported about the performance of 11C-choline-PET/computed tomography (CT) (choline) in patients with biochemical recurrent (BCR) prostate cancer, but there is a lack of information regarding negative choline in the same clinical setting. Our aim was to retrospectively analyse negative choline in a cohort of BCR-patients with high prostate-specific antigen (PSA).

Methods and Results
We retrospectively analysed all choline-scans performed at two high-volume imaging centres between 2005 and 2018, selecting those of interest according to the following inclusion criteria: (1) proven prostate cancer treated either with radical prostatectomy or primary external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), (2) BCR after radical prostatectomy or EBRT, (3) PSA serum values >20 ng/mL at the time of scan and (4) scan reported as negative for active disease. Overall, among 5792 scans performed for BCR-prostate cancer, 14 matched the inclusion criteria and were classified as follows: 5/14(36%) inaccurate reports, 3/14(21%) questionable underestimation of positive findings, originally described as unclear, 6/14(43%) negatives. Choline showed a high detection rate in BCR-prostate cancer patients with PSA >20 ng/mL.

Conclusions
Although negative reports can be found in this clinical setting, in our review various disease-relevant findings were identified in more than half of the cases originally reported as negative warranting a double reading in such cases to avoid false-negative reports.
Semiquantitative assessment of fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in primary tumours on dynamic PET/computed tomography for lymph node metastasis evaluation in patients with lung cancer: a prospective study
Authors: Yamanaka Moriaki , Shinya Takayoshi , Otomi Yoichi , Kubo Michiko , Arai Yuta , Toba Hiroaki , Bando Yoshimi , Otsuka Hideki , Harada Masafumi 
Published: August 2020

Objective
To semiquantitatively estimate fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in primary lung cancer cells using dynamic and dual-time-point (DTP) PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) to obtain a diagnostic index for lymph node metastasis.

Methods
Forty-five patients with lung cancer underwent dynamic and DTP PET/CT examinations. All primary lesions and lymph node metastases were evaluated pathologically. At each time phase, we assessed the maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumour volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the primary tumours. We investigated the relationship between semiquantitative index and the presence of lymph node metastasis for each case and for all cases satisfying indications for segmentectomy. In cases with lymph node metastasis, we assessed the SUVmax of pathologically proven metastatic lymph nodes and nonmetastatic lymph nodes in each dynamic phase for evaluating temporal change.

Results
Among 45 patients, 15 had 17 lymph node metastasis. SUVmax, MTV and TLG of primary tumours at each time phase were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). In receiver operating characteristic analysis, dynamic second and third phases showed high diagnostic ability for lymph node metastasis. The temporal change in SUVmax in the dynamic phase between primary tumours and metastatic lymph nodes were significantly different (P = 0.065). The temporal change in SUVmax was significantly lower in nonmetastatic lymph nodes than in primary tumours and metastatic lymph nodes (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Semiquantitative assessment of FDG uptake in dynamic second and third phases and the assessment of temporal changes in SUVmax on dynamic PET/CT scans were important predictors in diagnosing lymph node metastasis.
Near normalization of peripheral blood markers in HIV-infected patients on long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy: a case–control study
Authors: Brochado-Kith Oscar , Martinez Isidoro , Berenguer Juan , Medrano Luz Maria , González-García Juan , Garcia-Broncano Pilar , Jiménez-Sousa María Ángeles , Carrero Ana , Hontañón Victor , Muñoz-Fernández María Ángeles , Fernández-Rodríguez Amanda , Resino Salvador 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
To explore the differences in peripheral blood markers between HIV well controlled patients on long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy (HIV-group) and age-matched healthy controls, to evaluate the benefits of virological suppression in those patients.

Methods:
We performed a case–control study in 22 individuals in the HIV-group and 14 in the healthy control-group. RNA-seq analysis was performed from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Peripheral blood T-cell subsets were evaluated by flow cytometry and plasma biomarkers by immunoassays. All P values were corrected by the false discovery rate (q values).

Results:
Only the serine/arginine repetitive matrix 4 gene, which is involved in alternative RNA splicing events, was differentially expressed between HIV and healthy control groups (q value ≤0.05 and fold-change ≥2). However, 147 differentially expressed genes were found with a more relaxed threshold (P value ≤0.05 and fold-change ≥1.5), of which 67 genes with values of variable importance in projection at least one were selected for pathway analysis. We found that six ribosomal genes represented significant ribosome-related pathways, all of them downregulated in the HIV-group, which may be a strategy to facilitate viral production. T cells subset and plasma biomarkers did not show significant differences after false discovery rate correction (q value >0.05), but a noncorrected analysis showed higher values of regulatory CD4+ T cells (CD4+CD25+CD127−/low), MCP-1, and sVEGF-R1 in the HIV-group (P value ≤0.05).

Conclusion:
T-cell subsets, plasma biomarkers, and gene expression were close to normalization in HIV-infected patients on long-term suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy compared with healthy controls. However, residual alterations remain, mainly at the gene expression, which still reveals the impact of HIV infection in these patients.
Evaluation of Lacrimal Drainage Function in the Anophthalmic Socket by Dacryoscintigraphy
Authors: Yildiz Aysegul Mavi , Sendul Selam Yekta , Karapapak Murat , Yildiz Ali Atakhan , Guven Dilek 
Published: August 2020

Purpose:
To investigate whether impaired lacrimal pump function is a possible cause of discharge in patients wearing an artificial eye compared with the remaining healthy eye.

Methods:
Consecutive patients wearing unilateral ocular prosthesis for ≥6 months were included in this retrospective study. Excluded were any deformities of eyelids or nasal passage, socket complications such as entropion, ectropion, ptosis, infection, pyogenic granuloma, contracted socket, obstruction of nasolacrimal duct diagnosed with lacrimal irrigation and a difference greater than 2 mm in terms of protrusion between two eyes detected by Hertel exophthalmometry. Patients were asked to score the levels of tearing and mucopurulent discharge between 0 and 5 to assess lacrimal drainage function subjectively. Furthermore, dacryoscintigraphy was performed to assess the functional status of the lacrimal system objectively.

Results:
Included were 32 subjects (12 females, 20 males; aged 32.94 ± 17.62, range 13–78). Mean duration of prosthetic wearing 26.41 ± 21.30 (6–72) months. The mean subjective scores of tearing and mucopurulent discharge were 1.56 ± 1.67 and 1.94 ± 1.63, respectively. The rate of functional stenosis was significantly higher in the anophthalmic socket side as compared to the healthy side (P = 0.002). The rates of a presac, preduct, and intraduct obstruction was notes as n = 9, n = 10, n = 1 and n = 0, n = 6, n = 2 in the anophthalmic side and the companion eye, respectively (P = 0.021).

Conclusion:
Compared to paired healthy eyes, the ocular prosthesis exhibited significantly higher rates of functional lacrimal duct obstruction, especially at the presac level. The alterations in orbital volume and tear film composition in addition to reduced corneal reflex blinking may lead to the failure of lacrimal pump function in artificial eyes.
Conical Biosilicate Implant for Volume Augmentation in Anophthalmic Sockets
Authors: Brandão Simone Milani , Schellini Rodolfo Artioli , Peitl Oscar , Zanotto Edgar Dutra , Matayoshi Suzana , Meneghim Roberta Lilian Fernandes de Sousa , Schellini Silvana Artioli 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The ideal implant for anophthalmic socket reconstruction has yet to be developed. Biosilicate, a highly bioactive glass-ceramic, has been used in the composition of conical implants, which were initially tested in rabbit orbits with excellent results. However, the use of this material and the conical shape of the implants require further study in the human anophthalmic socket. Thus, we propose the use of a new conical implant composed of Biosilicate for orbital volume augmentation in anophthalmic sockets. This prospective, randomized study included 45 patients receiving conical implants composed of either Biosilicate or polymethylmethacrylate (control). Patients were evaluated clinically before and 7, 30, 60, 120, and 180 days after implantation. Systemic evaluations, laboratory tests, and computed tomography of the orbits were performed preoperatively and 180 days postoperatively. Both groups had good outcomes with no significant infectious or inflammatory processes. Only 1 patient, in the Biosilicate group, had early implant extrusion. Laboratory tests were normal in both groups. Computed tomography scans showed that the implants in both groups were well positioned. The new conical implant composed of Biosilicate was successfully used for anophthalmic socket reconstruction. This implant may provide a good alternative to the only conical implant currently available on the market, which is composed of porous polyethylene.