bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing basin storage: Comparison of hydrometric‐ and tracer‐based indices of dynamic and total storage
Authors: Cooke Ciara D. , Buttle James M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStorage is a fundamental but elusive component of drainage basin function, influencing synchronization between precipitation input and streamflow output and mediating basin sensitivity to climate and land use/land cover (LULC) change. We compare hydrometric and isotopic approaches to estimate indices of dynamic and total basin storage, respectively, and assess inter‐basin differences in these indices across the Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) region of southern Ontario, Canada. Dynamic storage indices for the 20 study basins included the ratio of baseflow to total streamflow (baseflow index BFI), Q
99 flow and flow duration curve (FDC) slope. Ratios of the standard deviation of the streamflow stable isotope signal relative to that of precipitation were determined for each basin from a 1 year bi‐weekly sampling program and used as indicators of total storage. Smaller ratios imply longer water travel times, smaller young water fractions (F
yw, < ~2–3 months in age) in streamflow and greater basin storage. Ratios were inversely related to BFI and Q
99, and positively related to FDC slope, suggesting longer travel times and smaller F
yw for basins with stable baseflow‐dominated streamflow regimes. Inter‐basin differences in all indices reflected topographic, hydrogeologic and LULC controls on storage, which was greatest in steep, forest‐covered headwaters underlain by permeable deposits with thick and relatively uniform unsaturated zones. Nevertheless, differential sensitivity of indices to controls on storage indicates the value of using several indices to capture more completely how basin characteristics influence storage. Regression relationships between storage indices and basin characteristics provided reasonable predictions of aspects of the streamflow regime of test basins in the ORM region. Such relationships and the underlying knowledge of controls on basin storage in this landscape provide the foundation for initial predictions of relative differences in streamflow response to regional changes in climate and LULC.
Bone mineral density, mechanical properties, and trabecular orientation of cancellous bone within humeral heads affected by advanced shoulder arthropathy
Authors: Zdravkovic Vilijam , Kaufmann Rolf , Neels Antonia , Dommann Alex , Hofmann Jürgen , Jost Bernhard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe mechanical properties of cancellous bone in the humeral head are increasingly interesting due to the increased popularity of stemless prosthetic fixation in the cancellous bone of the metaphysis. Age or pathology‐related systemic osteoporosis, inactivity, or pathology of the shoulder joint may influence the primary bonding of implants that rely on good cancellous bone quality. We assessed the bone mineral density (BMD) and anisotropy using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) (0.04 mm voxel size) and correlated the results with indentation load/displacement response. Resected parts of humeral heads (from patients undergoing total shoulder replacement, n = 18) were used as probes. The region of interest was defined as 2 mm medial from the resection plane, presuming that it mirrored the bone quality lateral to the resection plane. The indentation tests were performed with a large probe (diameter 10 mm) in a single destructive loading procedure. The BMD and trabecular orientation were determined by micro‐CT. Our results showed a correlation between the BMD and the slope of the load/displacement curve. Furthermore, the trabeculae were predominantly oriented orthogonal to the joint surface. In conclusion, the predominant factor determining the bone quality and mechanical resistance to pressure appears to be the BMD, while trabecular orientation could not be related to load/displacement response. Statement of clinical significance: Bone quality predominately determines the mechanical properties of cancellous bone. This might be crucial when prosthetic implants need to be anchored in metaphyseal bone. Therefore, clinical decision‐making processes should also include local BMD measurements.
Compatibilization of polypropylene/poly(glycolic acid) blend with maleated poe/attapulgite hybrid compatibilizer: Evaluation of mechanical, thermal, rheological, and morphological characteristics
Authors: Yang Haicun , Cai Zinan , Liu Haotian , Cao Zheng , Xia Yanping , Ma Wenzhong , Gong Fanghong , Tao Guoliang , Liu Chunlin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this work, the compatibilization effects of hybrid maleated POE/attapulgite hybrid compatibilizer (M‐POE/ATP) on the immiscible polypropylene/poly(glycolic acid) (PP/PGA) blends was investigated. The hybrid compatibilizer integrating strengthening, toughening and compatibilization functions was prepared via one‐step reactive extrusion using peroxidated ATP as the initiator. Then, the effects of compatibilizer dosage on the mechanical, thermal, rheological and morphological characteristics of blends were evaluated in detail. It was found that the hybrid compatibilizer resulted in the significantly enhanced compatibility and mechanical performance. Increased amount of compatibilizer content fractionated and almost wholly suppressed the crystallization process of PGA. The compatibilized blends showed higher thermal stability than pure PGA, and lower storage modulus and complex viscosity at higher shearing frequency. PGA in the blends presented a much lower degradation rate, which lead to the higher strength retention of 81% for the blend with 4 wt% of compatibilizer in buffer solution after 35 days.
The Core Vocabulary: The Foundation of Proficient Comprehension
Authors: Hiebert Elfrieda H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA group of words, labeled the core vocabulary, can be expected to be prominent across all texts. Scholarship made possible by digital databases of words and new analytic systems has shown that approximately 2,500 morphological families account for most of the words in texts—an average of 91.5% of all words in the Common Core State Standards exemplars from kindergarten through College and Career Ready. The rare vocabulary of texts is so extensive and varied that, without a foundation in the core vocabulary, students are likely to struggle with the meanings of rare words. Words are in the core vocabulary because they represent critical concepts, are part of morphological or word families that share a root word, and are often versatile in their meaning and function. The author describes the semantic, morphological, and multiple‐meaning knowledge represented by these 2,500 word families and ways in which teachers can foster these proficiencies.
Optimal orientation of fibre composites for strength based on Hashin’s criteria optimality conditions
Authors: Ferreira Rafael T. L. , Ashcroft Ian A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Hashin’s strength criteria are usually employed in first ply failure and damage-onset analysis of fibre-reinforced composites. This work presents optimality conditions of local material orientations for these criteria, in terms of principal stresses and material strength parameters. Each criterion (matrix tensile/compressive, fibre tensile/compressive modes) has its conditions separately derived, analytically, based on a fixed stress field assumption. The conditions found show that orientations which coincide and do not coincide with principal stress directions may minimise local failure indices. These solutions are employed in a proposed algorithm, named HA-OCM (Hashin Optimality Criteria Method), which selectively satisfies the matrix failure modes (either tensile or compressive), iteratively and finite element-wise in composites. It is demonstrated that the HA-OCM is able to design single-layer plane structures with improved failure loads in comparison with designs following only maximum (in absolute) principal stress orientations. Results show that the material orientations have a trend to end up either aligned or at 90° with maximum in absolute principal stress directions. Global optima for compliance are, however, not guaranteed. To give an idea of gains in terms of failure loads, some HA-OCM designs show improvements of 71% and 140%, for example, in comparison with principal stress design.
High-Level Expression of Alkaline Phosphatase by Adeno-Associated Virus Vector Ameliorates Pathological Bone Structure in a Hypophosphatasia Mouse Model
Authors: Nakamura-Takahashi Aki , Tanase Toshiki , Matsunaga Satoru , Shintani Seikou , Abe Shinichi , Nitahara-Kasahara Yuko , Watanabe Atsushi , Hirai Yukihiko , Okada Takashi , Yamaguchi Akira , Kasahara Masataka 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHypophosphatasia (HPP) is a systemic skeletal disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP). We recently reported that survival of HPP model mice can be prolonged using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector expressing bone-targeted TNALP with deca-aspartate at the C terminus (TNALP-D10); however, abnormal bone structure and hypomineralization remained in the treated mice. Here, to develop a more effective and clinically applicable approach, we assessed whether transfection with TNALP-D10 expressing virus vector at a higher dose than previously used would ameliorate bone structure defects. We constructed a self-complementary AAV8 vector expressing TNALP driven by the chicken beta-actin (CBA) promoter (scAAV8-CB-TNALP-D10). The vector was injected into both quadriceps femoris muscles of newborn HPP mice at a dose of 4.5 × 1012 vector genome (v.g.)/body, resulting in 20 U/mL of serum ALP activity. The 4.5 × 1012 v.g./body-treated HPP mice grew normally and displayed improved bone structure at the knee joints in X-ray images. Micro-CT analysis showed normal trabecular bone structure and mineralization. The mechanical properties of the femur were also recovered. Histological analysis of the femurs demonstrated that ALP replacement levels were sufficient to promote normal, growth plate cartilage arrangement. These results suggest that AAV vector-mediated high-dose TNALP-D10 therapy is a promising option for improving the quality of life (QOL) of patients with the infantile form of HPP.
Facilitators and barriers for performing comprehensive medication reviews and follow-up by multiprofessional teams in older hospitalised patients
Authors: Kempen Thomas Gerardus Hendrik , Kälvemark Amanda , Sawires Maria , Stewart Derek , Gillespie Ulrika 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
There is a lack of knowledge about factors that influence the performance of comprehensive medication reviews (CMRs) by multiprofessional teams in hospital practice. This study aimed to explore the facilitators and barriers for performing CMRs and post-discharge follow-up in older hospitalised patients from the healthcare professional perspective.

Methods
Physicians and ward-based pharmacists were recruited from an ongoing trial at four hospitals in Sweden. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 physicians and 7 pharmacists. Interview topics were working processes, resources, competences, medication-related problems, intervention effects and collaboration. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Identified subthemes were categorised as facilitators or barriers and grouped into overarching main themes.

Results
In total, 21 facilitators and 25 barriers were identified across all CFIR domains and grouped in 6 main themes: (a) CMRs and follow-up are needed, but not in all patients; (b) there is a general belief in positive effects; (c) lack of resources is an issue, although the performance of CMRs may save time; (d) pharmacists’ knowledge and skills are valuable, but they need more clinical competence; (e) compatibility with hospital practice is challenging, and roles and responsibilities are unclear and (f) personal contact at the ward is essential for physician-pharmacist collaboration.

Conclusion
Multiple facilitators and barriers for performing CMRs and post-discharge follow-up in older hospitalised patients exist. These factors should be addressed in future initiatives with similar interventions by multiprofessional teams to ensure successful implementation and performance in hospital practice.
The impact of patient characteristics on enzalutamide pharmacokinetics and how this relates to treatment toxicity and efficacy in metastatic prostate cancer patients
Authors: Benoist Guillemette E. , van Oort Inge M. , Burger David M. , Mehra Niven , van Erp Nielka P. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of patient characteristics, age and body mass index (BMI), on pharmacokinetics of enzalutamide, and to study the relationships between drug exposure and enzalutamide efficacy and toxicity, in mCRPC patients.

Methods
Data were collected in a longitudinal cohort study (ANDROPS) and a prospective observational study (ILUMINATE), both in mCRPC patients treated with enzalutamide. To investigate the influence of age and BMI on exposure, enzalutamide and N-desmethylenzalutamide levels were compared by ANOVA. To investigate the relation of exposure versus time to progression (TTP), the sum plasma levels were divided into quartiles and compared by Kaplan–Meier analysis. To assess the relation of exposure with fatigue, plasma levels in patients experiencing fatigue vs. no fatigue were compared by and independent t test.

Results
Data of 68 mCRPC patients were included for analysis. Plasma levels were not different for age or BMI. No difference in TTP between both studies was observed (383 days (95% CI 287–859), and 567 days (95% CI 351–NR), p = 0.36). Kaplan–Meier analysis of quartiles of sum levels showed no difference for TTP. Fatigue was reported by 22 patients, no difference in sum plasma levels was observed between patients with and without fatigue.

Conclusions
We observed that age and BMI did not influence systemic exposure in patients treated with enzalutamide. No relation of exposure with efficacy or fatigue was observed. Further research using enzalutamide at a lower dose is needed to understand the relation of enzalutamide exposure and fatigue.
Dose reduction for CT coronary calcium scoring with a calcium-aware image reconstruction technique: a phantom study
Authors: Booij Ronald , van der Werf Niels R. , Budde Ricardo P. J. , Bos Daniel , van Straten Marcel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective
To assess the dose reduction potential of a calcium-aware reconstruction technique, which aims at tube voltage-independent computed tomography (CT) numbers for calcium.

Methods and materials
A cardiothoracic phantom, mimicking three different patient sizes, was scanned with two calcium inserts (named D100 and CCI), containing calcifications varying in size and density. Tube voltage was varied both manually (range 70–150 and Sn100 kVp) and automatically. Tube current was automatically adapted to maintain reference image quality defined at 120 kVp. Data was reconstructed with the standard reconstruction technique (kernel Qr36) and the calcium-aware reconstruction technique (kernel Sa36). We assessed the radiation dose reduction potential (volumetric CT dose index values (CTDIvol)), noise (standard deviation (SD)), mean CT number (HU) of each calcification, and Agatston scores for varying kVp. Results were compared with the reference acquired at 120 kVp and reconstructed with Qr36.

Results
Automatic selection of the optimal tube voltage resulted in a CTDIvol reduction of 22%, 15%, and 12% compared with the reference for the small, medium, and large phantom, respectively. CT numbers differed up to 64% for the standard reconstruction and 11% for the calcium-aware reconstruction. Similarly, Agatston scores deviated up to 40% and 8% for the standard and calcium-aware reconstruction technique, respectively.

Conclusion
CT numbers remained consistent with comparable calcium scores when the calcium-aware image reconstruction technique was applied with varying tube voltage. Less consistency was observed in small calcifications with low density. Automatic reduction of tube voltage resulted in a dose reduction of up to 22%.

Key Points
• The calcium-aware image reconstruction technique allows for consistent CT numbers when varying the tube voltage.
• Automatic reduction of tube voltage results in a reduced radiation exposure of up to 22%.
• This study stresses the known limitations of the current Agatston score technique.
Randomized Multiresolution Scanning in Focal and Fast E/MEG Sensing of Brain Activity with a Variable Depth
Authors: Rezaei A. , Koulouri A. , Pursiainen S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe focus on electro-/magnetoencephalography imaging of the neural activity and, in particular, finding a robust estimate for the primary current distribution via the hierarchical Bayesian model (HBM). Our aim is to develop a reasonably fast maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation technique which would be applicable for both superficial and deep areas without specific a priori knowledge of the number or location of the activity. To enable source distinguishability for any depth, we introduce a randomized multiresolution scanning (RAMUS) approach in which the MAP estimate of the brain activity is varied during the reconstruction process. RAMUS aims to provide a robust and accurate imaging outcome for the whole brain, while maintaining the computational cost on an appropriate level. The inverse gamma (IG) distribution is applied as the primary hyperprior in order to achieve an optimal performance for the deep part of the brain. In this proof-of-the-concept study, we consider the detection of simultaneous thalamic and somatosensory activity via numerically simulated data modeling the 14-20 ms post-stimulus somatosensory evoked potential and field response to electrical wrist stimulation. Both a spherical and realistic model are utilized to analyze the source reconstruction discrepancies. In the numerically examined case, RAMUS was observed to enhance the visibility of deep components and also marginalizing the random effects of the discretization and optimization without a remarkable computation cost. A robust and accurate MAP estimate for the primary current density was obtained in both superficial and deep parts of the brain.
Using Smartphones as Experimental Tools—a Follow-up: Cognitive Effects by Video Analysis and Reduction of Cognitive Load by Multiple Representations
Authors: Hochberg Katrin , Becker Sebastian , Louis Malte , Klein Pascal , Kuhn Jochen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMobile devices (smartphones or tablets) as experimental tools (METs) offer inspiring possibilities for science education, but until now, there has been little research studying this approach. Previous research indicated that METs have positive effects on students’ interest and curiosity. The present investigation focuses on potential cognitive effects of METs using video analyses on tablets to investigate pendulum movements and an instruction that has been used before to study effects of smartphones’ acceleration sensors. In a quasi-experimental repeated-measurement design, a treatment group uses METs (TG, NTG = 23) and a control group works with traditional experimental tools (CG, NCG = 28) to study the effects on interest, curiosity, and learning achievement. Moreover, various control variables were taken into account. We suppose that pupils in the TG have a lower extraneous cognitive load and higher learning achievement than those in the CG working with traditional experimental tools. ANCOVAs showed significantly higher levels of learning achievement in the TG (medium effect size). No differences were found for interest, curiosity, or cognitive load. This might be due to a smaller material context provided by tablets, in comparison to smartphones, as more pupils possess and are familiar with smartphones than with tablets. Another reason for the unchanged interest might be the composition of the sample: While previous research showed that especially originally less-interested students profited most from using METs, the current sample contained only specialized courses, i.e., students with a high original interest, for whom the effect of METs on their interest is presumably smaller.
Impact of a Reform Towards Shared Parental Leave on Continued Fertility in Norway and Sweden
Authors: Duvander Ann-Zofie , Lappegard Trude , Johansson Mats 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt has been argued that a generous family policy aimed at a gender-equal division of childcare and economic responsibility will have a positive impact on childbearing. In this study, we investigate whether fathers’ parental leave use is related to continued childbearing and whether there has been a policy effect on fertility behavior due to the introduction of the father’s quota in Norway and Sweden. Fathers’ parental leave use may affect fertility by easing women’s work burden at home and thus enhancing the degree of compatibility between childrearing and female employment, and it may increase fathers’ interest in children and childcare. To distinguish causality from selection in the effects observed, we use the natural experiment of the introduction of the father’s quotas. The results indicate that the reforms did not influence fertility in Norway but that Swedish couples with a lower income had a temporary higher third-birth risk. Fathers in this group showed the greatest increase in leave use after the reform.
Disaster Preparedness for Clinics – Further Study from Haiti
Authors: Kaufman Benjamin , Hussain Sadia , Riscinti Matthew , Bloem Christina , Arquilla Bonnie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjective:This team created a manual to train clinics in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to effectively respond to disasters. This study is a follow-up to a prior study evaluating disaster response. The team returned to previously trained clinics to evaluate retention and performance in a disaster simulation.Background:Local clinics are the first stop for patients when disaster strikes LMICs. They are often under-resourced and under-prepared to respond to patient needs. Further effort is required to prepare these crucial institutions to respond effectively using the Incident Command System (ICS) framework.Methods:Two clinics in the North East Region of Haiti were trained through a disaster manual created to help clinics in LMICs respond effectively to disasters. This study measured the clinic staff’s response to a disaster drill using the ICS and compared the results to prior responses.Results:Using the prior study’s evaluation scale, clinics were evaluated on their ability to set up an ICS. During the mock disaster, staff was evaluated on a three-point scale in 13 different metrics, grading their ability to mitigate, prepare, respond, and recover in a disaster. By this scale, both clinics were effective (36/39; 92%) in responding to a disaster.Conclusion:The clinics retained much prior training, and after repeat training, the clinics improved their disaster response. Future study will evaluate the clinics’ ability to integrate disaster response with country-wide health resources to enable an effective outcome for patients.