bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The seasonal energetic landscape of an apex marine carnivore, the polar bear
Authors: Pagano Anthony M. , Atwood Todd C. , Durner George M. , Williams Terrie M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDivergent movement strategies have enabled wildlife populations to adapt to environmental change. In recent decades, the Southern Beaufort Sea subpopulation of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) has developed a divergent movement strategy in response to diminishing sea ice where the majority of the subpopulation (73–85%) stays on the sea ice in summer and the remaining bears move to land. Although declines in sea ice are generally considered a challenge to energy balance in polar bears residing in some regions of the Arctic, little quantitative data exists concerning the seasonal energy expenditures of this apex marine carnivore. We used GPS satellite collars with tri‐axial accelerometers and conductivity sensors to measure the location, behavior, and energy expenditure of five adult female polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea across seasons of sea ice breakup and minimum extent. Using a Bayesian mixed‐effects model, we found that energy expenditure was influenced by month, ocean depth, and habitat type (sea ice or land). Total energy expenditure from May through September ranged from 37.7 to 47.2 mJ/kg for individual bears. Bears that moved to land expended 7% more energy on average from May through September than bears that remained on the receding sea ice. In August, when bears were moving from the sea ice to land or moving north with the receding pack ice, bears that moved to land spent 7% more time swimming and expended 22% more energy. This means the immediate cost of moving to land exceeded the cost of remaining on the receding summer pack ice. These findings suggest a physiological reason why the majority of the Southern Beaufort Sea subpopulation continues to inhabit a diminishing summer ice platform. However, bears that moved to land spent 29% more time in preferred hunting habitats over the continental shelf than bears that remained on the sea ice. Bears on land also had access to subsistence‐harvested bowhead whale carcasses. Hence, our findings indicate there may be a greater overall energetic benefit to move to land in this region, which suggests that the use of the diminishing summer sea ice may be functioning as an ecological trap.
A rare case of Takotsubo syndrome in a patient 5 months after heart transplantation
Authors: Itzhaki Ben Zadok Osnat , Ben‐Avraham Ben , Hamdan Ashraf , Tovar Ana , Lyon Alexander , Ben Gal Tuvia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTakotsubo syndrome is an acute heart failure syndrome with a pathogenesis that is attributed to sympathetic stimulation. This case report describes a unique case of a 5 month heart‐transplanted female patient who developed apical ballooning on an echocardiography exam performed following an emotional stress event. Detailed clinical investigations and imaging techniques confirmed the diagnosis of Takatsubo syndrome. Our case indicates that Takatsubo's cardiomyopathy should be included in the differential diagnosis of heart‐transplanted patients presenting with sudden graft dysfunction mimicking acute graft rejection or acute coronary syndrome.
Changes in m6A RNA methylation contribute to heart failure progression by modulating translation
Authors: Berulava Tea , Buchholz Eric , Elerdashvili Vakhtang , Pena Tonatiuh , Islam Md Rezaul , Lbik Dawid , Mohamed Belal A. , Renner Andre , von Lewinski Dirk , Sacherer Michael , Bohnsack Katherine E. , Bohnsack Markus T. , Jain Gaurav , Capece Vincenzo , Cleve Nicole , Burkhardt Susanne , Hasenfuss Gerd , Fischer Andre , Toischer Karl 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTAimsDeregulation of epigenetic processes and aberrant gene expression are important mechanisms in heart failure. Here we studied the potential relevance of m6A RNA methylation in heart failure development.Methods and resultsWe analysed m6A RNA methylation via next‐generation sequencing. We found that approximately one quarter of the transcripts in the healthy mouse and human heart exhibit m6A RNA methylation. During progression to heart failure we observed that changes in m6A RNA methylation exceed changes in gene expression both in mouse and human. RNAs with altered m6A RNA methylation were mainly linked to metabolic and regulatory pathways, while changes in RNA expression level mainly represented changes in structural plasticity. Mechanistically, we could link m6A RNA methylation to altered RNA translation and protein production. Interestingly, differentially methylated but not differentially expressed RNAs showed differential polysomal occupancy, indicating transcription‐independent modulation of translation. Furthermore, mice with a cardiomyocyte restricted knockout of the RNA demethylase Fto exhibited an impaired cardiac function compared to control mice.ConclusionsWe could show that m6A landscape is altered in heart hypertrophy and heart failure. m6A RNA methylation changes lead to changes in protein abundance, unconnected to mRNA levels. This uncovers a new transcription‐independent mechanisms of translation regulation. Therefore, our data suggest that modulation of epitranscriptomic processes such as m6A methylation might be an interesting target for therapeutic interventions.
µ‐NMR at the point of care testing
Authors: Guo Jiuchuan , Jiang Di , Feng Shilun , Ren Chunhui , Guo Jinhong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNMR shows strong analytical capability for obtaining molecular information on materials and is used in a variety of fields. Micro‐NMR (µNMR) is mainly based on low‐field NMR (LF‐NMR), which makes NMR detection portable and inexpensive. Point‐of‐care testing (POCT) has gradually become an area of major concern, and scientists have made much progress in applying µNMR systems for POCT. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review of the latest development in miniaturization of µNMR systems. Then, we discuss cutting‐edge µNMR‐based applications in POCT and the outlook for future developments.
Pressure boundary condition in a multiphase lattice Boltzmann method and its applications on simulations of two‐phase flows
Authors: Wang Lei , Peng Ze‐Rui 
Published: December 2019

SummaryAs a lattice Boltzmann method, He‐Chen‐Zhang model is widely used in two‐phase simulations. However, the pressure boundary conditions applied in He‐Chen‐Zhang model have hardly been discussed in detail before. In this article, a pressure boundary condition for single‐phase flows is extended to He‐Chen‐Zhang model for simulating two‐phase flows in porous media or in channel. Several cases are conducted for validation. Qualitatively, the displacement of two‐phase flows in porous media or in channel is reproduced; the manipulations of droplet in T‐junction, duct, or needle are simulated. These numerical results match well with the basic physical reality. Quantitatively, we tested the displacement of two‐phase fluids in a channel under specified pressure gradient, and it is found that the velocity profile on the crosssection coincides with the analytical solution exactly. Moreover, for stable displacement of two‐phase flows in a channel, the numerical linear relation between the apparent contact angle and the velocity of contact line coincides well with the theoretical result reported before. The present pressure boundary condition proves to be a reliable method to deal with the problems of two‐phase flows, which are driven by pressure difference.
Paracentesis‐Induced Circulatory Dysfunction With Modest‐Volume Paracentesis Is Partly Ameliorated by Albumin Infusion in Acute‐on‐Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: Arora Vinod , Vijayaraghavan Rajan , Maiwall Rakhi , Sahney Amrish , Thomas Sherin Sarah , Ali Rehmat , Jain Priyanka , Kumar Guresh , Sarin Shiv Kumar 
Published: December 2019

Background and Aims
Paracentesis‐induced circulatory dysfunction (PICD) is a serious complication of large‐volume (>5 L) paracentesis in cirrhosis and is reduced with albumin infusion. There is a lack of data on PICD in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF). Because ACLF patients have greater hemodynamic derangements than patients with decompensated cirrhosis, we investigated whether PICD could develop with modest‐volume paracentesis (MVP) and the role of albumin infusion.

Approach and Results
A total of 80 ACLF patients undergoing <5 L paracentesis were randomized to receive albumin (8 g/dL of ascitic fluid; n = 40) or no albumin (n = 40) and serially followed to detect PICD. Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups, including volume of ascitic tap (4.16 ± 0.23 versus 4.14 ± 0.27 L; P = 0.72) and plasma renin activity (PRA; 20.5 ± 7.03 versus 23.2 ± 8.24 ng/mL/hour; P = 0.12). PICD was more frequent in the no‐albumin group than the albumin group (70% versus 30%; P = 0.001), with higher incidence of hepatic encephalopathy (50% versus 27.5%; P = 0.04), hyponatremia (67.5% versus 22.5%; P < 0.001), acute kidney injury (62.5% versus 30%; P = 0.001), and in‐house mortality (62.5% versus 27.5%; P = 0.003). PRA of 25.15 ng/mL at day 3 had sensitivity and specificity of 71% and 68%, respectively, for development of PICD at day 6. Albumin infusion decreased the incidence of PICD at day 6 (odds ratio, 0.068; 95% confidence interval, 0.011‐0.43; P = 0.005).

Conclusions
PICD is common and develops even with MVP in ACLF patients. Albumin infusion decreases the incidence of PICD and mortality in patients with ACLF. Clinical trial identifier: NCT02467348
Dissolved organic matter in surface runoff in the Loess Plateau of China: The role of rainfall events and land‐use
Authors: Li Zhongwu , Peng Hao , Xie Binggeng , Liu Chun , Nie Xiaodong , Wang Danyang , Huang Mei , Xiao Haibing , Shi Lin , Zhang Xuqin , Jiang Jieyu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExploring the chemical characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is important for understanding the fate of laterally transported organic matter in watersheds. We hypothesized that differences in water‐extractable organic matter (WEOM) in soils of varying land uses and rainfall events may significantly affect the quality and the quantity of stream DOM. To test our hypotheses, characteristics of rainfall‐runoff DOM and WEOM of source materials (topsoil from different land uses and gullies, as well as typical vegetation) were investigated at two adjacent catchments in the Loess Plateau of China, using ultraviolet–visible absorbance and excitation emission matrix fluorescence with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Results indicated that land‐use types may significantly affect the chemical composition of soil WEOM, including its aromaticity, molecular weight, and degree of humification. The PARAFAC analysis demonstrated that the soils and stream water were dominated by terrestrial/allochthonous humic‐like substances and microbial transformable humic‐like fluorophores. Shifts in the fluorescence properties of stream DOM suggested a pronounced change in the relative proportion of allochthonous versus autochthonous material under different rainfall patterns and land uses. For example, high proportions of forestland could provide more allochthonous DOM input. This study highlights the relevance of soils and hydrological dynamics on the composition and fluxes of DOM issuing from watersheds. The composition of DOM in soils was influenced by land‐use type. Precipitation patterns influenced the proportion of terrestrial versus microbial origins of DOM in surface runoff. Contributions of allochthonous, terrestrially derived DOM inputs were highest from forested landscapes.
Challenges and perspectives for manganese‐based oxides for advanced aqueous zinc‐ion batteries
Authors: Zhao Yinlei , Zhu Yunhai , Zhang Xinbo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLi‐ion batteries (LIBs) with excellent cycling stability and high‐energy densities have already occupied the commercial rechargeable battery market. Unfortunately, the high cost and intrinsic insecurity induced by organic electrolyte severely hinder their applications in large‐scale energy storage. In contrast, aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are being developed as an ideal candidate because of their cheapness and high security. Benefiting from high operating voltage and acceptable specific capacity, recently, manganese‐based oxides with different various crystal structures have been extensively studied as cathode materials for aqueous ZIBs. This review presents research progress of manganese‐based cathodes in aqueous ZIBs, including various manganese‐based oxides and their zinc storage mechanisms. In addition, we also discuss some optimization strategies that aim at improving the electrochemical performance of manganese‐based cathodes, and the design of flexible aqueous ZIBs based on manganese‐based cathodes (MZIBs). Finally, this review summarizes some valuable research directions, which will promote the further development of aqueous MZIBs.image
Oligochitosan‐modified three‐dimensional graphene free‐standing electrode for electrochemical detection of imidacloprid insecticide
Authors: Zhai Xingchen , Zhang Min , Chen Pan , Siriphithakyothin Thanawat , Liu Jingyi , Zhao Haitian , Yang Xin , Abd El‐Aty A.M. , Baranenko Denis A. , Hacimüftüoğlu Ahmet , Wang Jing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA simple sensor based on an oligosaccharide‐modified three‐dimensional graphene (OCS‐3D‐G) free‐standing electrode was developed for the electrochemical determination of the insecticide imidacloprid (IDP). OCS can interact with graphene oxide sheets by π–π and electrostatic interactions, leading to graphene oxide sheets arranged as regular and dense porous structures. Therefore, compared with other modifier carbohydrates, OCS‐3D‐G is more suitable for electrochemical sensing. OCS‐3D‐G was synthesized by a hydrothermal method and then fabricated as an electrochemical sensor, and its characterization was done and electrochemical behavior studied in detail. The optimized sensor showed good reproducibility, selectivity, and stability, and responded linearly over a wide concentration range (1.0–50.0 μM) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.51 μM. Finally, the proposed sensor was used for the determination of IDP in brown rice, and the results were in line with those obtained from high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It is thereby shown that the developed free‐standing electrode is simple and cheap and can be used as a disposable electrode.
Knowledge and opinions of the genetic counseling profession of high school students from underrepresented backgrounds
Authors: Urli Joanna , Connors Philip D. , Channaoui Nadine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe field of genetic counseling began in the 1960s, with young, white women quickly comprising the profession's core constituency. The field has made many efforts to increase its racial and ethnic diversity with little success. The 2019 Professional Status Survey, distributed by the National Society of Genetic Counselors, reported that 90% of the respondents identified as white, 95% as female, and 70% under the age of 40. This qualitative study explored the current career interests of high school students from underrepresented backgrounds as well as their understanding of and thoughts about the genetic counseling profession. Sixteen semi‐structured interviews were performed with high school students from the Boston Preparatory Charter School. Major themes emerged reflecting that the participants (a) were science‐minded and empathetic, (b) had not heard of genetic counseling but were interested in learning more about it, and (c) provided perspectives different from those historically over‐represented in the genetic counseling workforce. Implications for genetic counselors include the need for improved recruitment strategies accessible to individuals of underrepresented backgrounds who might be interested in the profession and the importance of acknowledging that valuable contributions and improvements to the field could be made by such individuals. Future studies could encompass a larger sample size; explore the interests, opinions, and perspectives of high school students with minority identities other than racial and/or ethnic minority; or assess the success of current or new recruitment methods.
Reevaluating the synthesis of 2,5‐disubstituted‐1H‐benzimidazole derivatives by different green activation techniques and their biological activity as antifungal and antimicrobial inhibitor
Authors: Penieres‐Carrillo José‐Guillermo , Ríos‐Guerra Hulme , Pérez‐Flores Javier , Rodríguez‐Molina Braulio , Torres‐Reyes Ángeles , Barrera‐Téllez Francisco , González‐Carrillo Jessica , Moreno‐González Lessly , Martínez‐Zaldívar Alejandro , Nolasco‐Fidencio Juan‐Jesús , Matus‐Meza Audifás‐Salvador , Luna‐Mora Ricardo‐Alfredo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA comparative study concerned with the preparation of diversely substituted‐1H‐benzimidazole under different green activation techniques and conventional methods is reported. Data are collected for infrared, ultrasound, microwave, and simultaneous irradiation with US and IR sources, as this last strategy shows an important improvement. Further, the small library of potentially bioactive benzimidazole 17‐76 synthesized was screened as an antifungal and antimicrobial agent. Strong activity against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus was observed. Remarkably, 2‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐5‐phenylamino‐1H‐benzimidazole 63 resulted better than that of reference drugs miconazole with a zone of inhibition up to 42 mm. Likewise, 2‐(2‐aminophenyl)‐1H‐benzimidazole 21 showed substantial antimicrobial activity against MRSA strain. When assayed by the microdilution method, this azaheterocyclic compound presented a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≥ 16.4 μg/100 mL and a bacterial percentage reduction of 96%.
Synthesis, characterization, and antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of pyrazolo derivatives
Authors: Sicak Yusuf , Oruç‐Emre Emine E. , Öztürk Mehmet , Karaküçük‐İyidoğan Ayşegül , Nadeem Said 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTwenty‐four pyrazolo derivatives (1–4)(a‐f) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, 1H, and 13C NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were also investigated for their antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities. The compounds (3–4)(a‐f) carrying morpholine ring were more active than the piperidinyl containing compounds (1–2)(a‐f) in both activities. The compound 4f showed higher activity in both assays as compared with the others. Additionally, the anticholinesterase activity test provided higher values than the galantamine in the BChE assay. Therefore, compound 4f can be used as anticholinesterase agent and/or anticholinesterase assay standard.
Agronomic biofortification with selenium impacts storage proteins in grains of upland rice
Authors: Reis Heitor Pontes Gestal , de Queiroz Barcelos Jéssica Pigatto , Silva Vinícius Martins , Santos Elcio Ferreira , Tavanti Renan Francisco Rimoldi , Putti Fernando Ferrari , Young Scott D , Broadley Martin R , White Philip J , dos Reis André Rodrigues 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSelenium (Se) is an essential element for humans and animals. Rice is one of the most commonly consumed cereals in the world, so the agronomic biofortification of cereals with Se may be a good strategy to increase the levels of daily intake of Se by the population. This study evaluated the agronomic biofortification of rice genotypes with Se and its effects on grain nutritional quality. Five rates of Se (0, 10, 25, 50, and 100 g ha
−1) were applied as selenate via the soil to three rice genotypes under field conditions.RESULTSSelenium concentrations in the leaves and polished grains increased linearly in response to Se application rates. A highly significant correlation was observed between the Se rates and the Se concentration in the leaves and grains, indicating high translocation of Se. The application of Se also increased the concentration of albumin, globulin, prolamin, and glutelin in polished grains.CONCLUSIONBiofortifying rice genotypes using 25 g Se ha
−1 could increase the average daily Se intake from 4.64 to 66 μg day−1. Considering that the recommended daily intake of Se by adults is 55 μg day−1, this agronomic strategy could contribute to alleviating widespread Se malnutrition. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Antihyperlipidaemic effect of microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum LIP‐1 on hyperlipidaemic rats
Authors: Yao Caiqing , Tian Wenjing , Song Jiaojiao , Wang Junguo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrevious studies have shown that Lactobacillus plantarum LIP‐1 (hereafter LIP‐1) has an obvious hypolipidemic effect, and microencapsulated probiotics can ensure the strains live through the gastrointestinal tract. Although there has been much research on both preparation and assessment methods for probiotics microcapsules, most assessments were made in vitro and few were validated in vivo. In this study, the protective effect of microencapsulation and the possible hypolipidemic mechanisms of probiotic LIP‐1 were evaluated in rats. Treatments included rats fed on a normal diet, a high‐fat diet, and a high‐fat diet with an intragastric supplement of either non‐microencapsulated LIP‐1 cells (NME LIP‐1) or microencapsulated LIP‐1 (ME LIP‐1). Lipid metabolism indicators were measured during the experiment and following euthanasia.RESULTSMicroencapsulation increased survival and colonization of LIP‐1 in the colon. ME LIP‐1 was superior to NME LIP‐1 in reducing cholesterol. The mechanisms behind the hypolipidemic effect exerted by LIP‐1 are possibly due to promoting the excretion of cholesterol, improving antioxygenic potentials, enhancing recovery from the injury in the liver, cardiovascular intima and intestinal mucosa, promoting the generation of short‐chain fatty acids, and improving lipid metabolism.CONCLUSIONSThis study confirms that microencapsulation provides effective protection of LIP‐1 in the digestive system and the role of LIP‐1 in the prevention and cure of hyperlipidaemia, providing theoretical support for probiotics to enter clinical applications. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Spiral stir bar sorptive extraction with polyaniline‐polydimethylsiloxane sol‐gel packings for the analysis of trace estrogens in environmental water and animal‐derived food samples
Authors: Fan Wenying , He Man , You Linna , Chen Beibei , Hu Bin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA spiral stir bar was proposed by using stainless steel spring as the extraction phase carrier to avoid the extraction phase friction and increase the amount of extraction phase for improving extraction efficiency. The extraction phase is filled in the cavity of the spring, resulting in a larger amount of the extraction phase than that conventionally coated on glass stir bar or stainless steel wire. Polyaniline‐polydimethylsiloxane sol‐gel packed spiral stir bar was prepared and evaluated for the extraction of five estrogens. The prepared spiral stir bar presented good extraction efficiency/preparation reproducibility and long lifetime (more than 150 reused times) for target estrogens. Based on it, a method of spiral stir bar sorptive extraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra‐violet detection was developed for the analysis of trace estrogens in environmental and food samples. The detection limit for five estrogens was 0.11–.31 µg/L, with the enrichment factors of 83.0–118‐fold (maximal enrichment factor: 200‐fold). The reproducibility evaluated with each estrogen of 5 µg/L (n = 5) was 5.8–8.9%. The method was successfully applied for the determination of estrogens in environmental water and animal‐derived food samples.