bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Infractions and Fines Imposed for Illegal Fishing in the State of Pará, Amazon, Brazil
Authors: Pantaleão Gisele de Sousa Lima , Cintra Israel Hidenburgo Aniceto , Silva Kátia Cristina De Araújo , Santos Marcos Antônio Souza dos , Bezerra Andréia Santana 
Published: January 2020

Environmental regulation and the implementation of formal sanctions, including fines, are part of the environmental policy of almost all nations, including Brazil. The Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) is the main environmental body responsible for the supervision of fishing in Brazil. This study aimed to characterize environmental infringements and fines related to illegal fishing in the state of Pará between 2009 and 2016 by means of data interpretation, using the Corporate System of Registration, Collection, and Monitoring of IBAMA, which contains management information on environmental monitoring. A total of 886 notices of infringement against illegal fishing were recorded in Pará, with 2009 having the highest (198) and 2015 the lowest number of notices (42). The main infractions against fishing in the state were for fishing in an unauthorized season or zone and fishing without prior registration, inscription, authorization, license, permit or registration of the competent body, or contrary to obtained permit. According to the notices conducted by IBAMA, fisheries resources have been exploited illegally in estuarine and coastal environments in the state of Pará.
Democratie ligt op straat
Authors: Verloo Nanke 
Published: January 2020

Street-level democracy. Dilemmas and opportunities in government-citizen interactions
The goal of citizens participation increases the moments of contact between politicians, policy makers, welfare professionals and citizens. The shared responsibility for local decision making is not an easy task. Often conflicts emerge between parties with opposing needs and interests. Citizens oppose decisions or organize protest. These moments do not only challenge the goal of participation, they also jeopardize the quality of democracy. The democratic value of contentious moments, however, is often neglected. How can public professionals deal with the dilemma’s and chances that emerge during interactions that happen unexpectedly at the street-level? I answer that question by applying the agonistic approach to democracy to the action repertoire of public professionals dealing with conflict. A dramaturgical analysis of contentious interactions provides insights in how we can recognize and acknowledge contentious citizenship.
Griechisches Erbrecht, insbesondere Ehegattenerbrecht und Pflichtteilsrecht
Authors: Koutsouradis Achilles 
Published: January 2020

Griechisches Erbrecht, insbesondere Ehegattenerbrecht und Pflichtteilsrecht
Die Kodifizierung des griechischen Zivilrechts, um die Mitte des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts, ist durch ihre rechtsvergleichende Perspektive charakterisiert, welche starke Einflüsse aus den europäischen Rechtsordnungen (vor allem des deutschen Rechtskreises) mit einem historisch erklärbaren römisch-byzantinischen Substrat und gewissen Einflüssen der im Lande vorherrschenden orthodoxen Kirche vereint.Die grundlegende Rechtsquelle auf dem Gebiet des Zivilrechts (und des Erbrechts insbesondere) ist das gr. ZGB von 1941 bzw.1947, welches vielfach seit jener Zeit durch Novellen revidiert bzw. ergänzt worden ist. An erster Stelle sei auf das Gesetz Nr.1329/1983 hinzuweisen, welches die verfassungsrechtlich gebotene Gleichberechtigung von Mann und Frau verwirklichte und in diesem Sinne die ehelichen Beziehungen und das Verwandtschaftsrecht (einschließlich der Rechtsstellung von nichtehelichen Kindern) reformierte. Einen neuen Impuls gab ferner das Gesetz Nr.3089/2002 betreffend die medizinisch assistierte Fortpflanzung bei Menschen, welches sehr großzügig das Verwandtschaftsrecht revidierte (Zulassung u.a. von Leihmutterschaften, künstliche Insemination post Mortem des Erzeugers etc.), sowie das Gesetz Nr. 4356/2015 das die registrierte (gleichwie verschiedengeschlechtliche) Partnerschaft, als neue Eheform juris minoris, anerkannte.Der Einfluss des deutschen Rechts ist zwar besonders augenfällig (z.B. Erbschein), aber die Beiträge des schweizerischen (Stellung von nichtehelichen Kindern, Annahme und Ausschlagung der Erbschaft), wie auch des französischen Rechts (bezüglich der Form der letztwilligen Verfügungen) sind ebenfalls leicht erkennbar.Unter einer dem deutschen, in erster Linie und schweizerischen Rechtssystem ähnlichen Gesamtstruktur, bietet das griechische Recht jedoch zahlreiche Besonderheiten (wie beispielsweise die sog. elterliche Teilung, oder die Zulässigkeit der auflösenden Bedingung des sog. Witwenstandes in der letztwilligen Verfügung des Erblassers zu Lasten seines überlebenden Ehegatten). Das aktuelle griechische Erbrecht ist insbesondere von der relativ schwachen Rechtstellung des überlebenden Ehegatten, den generellen Verbot von Erbverträgen, sowie von gemeinschaftlichen Testamenten, wie auch durch den weitgehenden Pflichtteilschutz und der erbrechtlichen Gleichstellung zwischen ehelichen und nicht ehelichen Kindern geprägt.Alles in Allem. Das griechische Erbrecht, geregelt in den Art. 1710-2035 gr. ZGB (Fünftes Buch wie im BGB), bietet einen eindrücklichen Beispiel der erfolgreichen Vermischung von inländischen Rechtstraditionen, lokalen Gewohnheiten, und ausländischen Vorbildern.
"Dominae viatrices". Viajes y desplazamientos de las mujeres nobles en la Galicia medieval
Authors: GARCÍA-FERNÁNDEZ Miguel 
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer una primera aproximación a los viajes y desplazamientos, tanto cotidianos como excepcionales, en los que participaron las mujeres de la nobleza medieval a partir de diferentes fuentes e interesándonos, sobre todo, por las motivaciones que las impulsaron a viajar por diversos lugares tanto dentro como fuera del viejo reino de Galicia: desde el acceso al estado matrimonial o el ingreso en un monasterio, hasta el deseo de peregrinar, sin olvidar los viajes por los diferentes lugares que conformaron los amplios y dispersos señoríos nobiliarios que poseyeron ellas o sus familias o aquellos otros viajes que fueron realizados con motivo de practicar el ocio, asistir a ceremonias o huir de situaciones complicadas.
The aim of this paper is to offer a first approach to the trips and journeys –both daily and exceptional– , in which medieval noblewomen took part. Particularly, we analyse their motivations for traveling to different places within the kingdom of Galicia and abroad. The main causes to be considered include access to marriage, joining a monastery or the wish to pilgrim. Apart from this, we must take into account their trips throughout the different places that constituted their vast and scattered land, owned by them and their families, as well as the trips meant for leisure, for attending ceremonies or for fleeing from complicated situations.
Las ordenanzas municipales de Guadalajara de mediados del siglo XIV. Un mundo en transición
Authors: LÓPEZ VILLALBA José Miguel 
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es la revisión diplomática de las ordenanzas municipales, uno de los documentos más importantes, pero menos ensayados, entre los creados por la escribanía concejil medieval. El análisis se ha delimitado a las normas municipales más antiguas de la villa de Guadalajara, por su pretérita datación, por su gestión desde la corona y por su interesante contenido sobre el abastecimiento urbano. La principal aportación ha consistido en una exploración documental de las mismas. Asimismo, se han especificado perspectivas para futuros razonamientos diplomáticos a través de investigaciones comparativas. Nuestra propuesta permitirá conocer mejor la instauración y evolución de las ordenanzas municipales en los siglos XIV y XV en el reino de Castilla.
The objective of this paper is to make a review from a diplomacy perspective of the municipal ordinances, which are some of the most important documents among those belonging to the medieval chancellery, despite there is little knowledge about them as studies have been few. The analysis has been limited to the oldest municipal norms of Guadalajara, due to their antiquity, the way they were managed by the crown and due to their interesting content about urban supply. The main contribution consisted in their documentary exploration. Likewise, perspectives for future diplomatic reasonings through comparative research have been specified. Our proposal will therefore allow a deeper knowledge about the installation and evolution of the municipal ordinances in the 14th and 15th centuries in the kingdom of Castile.
Un análisis sensorial del Concilio de Frankfurt del año 794
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ Gerardo Fabián 
Published: January 2020

En las discusiones del Concilio de Frankurt de 794 es posible rastrear elementos de la cultura material esenciales para el conocimiento y la comprensión del cristianismo altomedieval, tanto en lo referente a objetos litúrgicos y devocionales como de la vida cotidiana (relicarios, altares, cruces), que permiten reconstruir “la materia sensible” de aquellos tiempos y el sentir que se aloja entre las líneas de lo escrito a partir de las “marcas sensoriales” y “marcas emocionales” que ponen de manifiesto y que configuran el modelo sensorial de una época. Con estas nociones se reconocen las marcas visuales, auditivas, olfativas, gustativas, táctiles y afectivas presentes en los textos, que identifican a las percepciones que guardan una especial significación para la trama sensorial de una cultura y que nos permiten hablar de la existencia de una comunidad sensorial y emocional carolingia, elaborada, reconocida y sentida entre mediados del siglo VIII y fines del IX.
In the discussions of the Frankfurt Council of 794 some elements of the material culture which are essential for the knowledge and understanding of early medieval Christianity can be traced, both in terms of liturgical and devotional objects and of daily life (reliquaries, altars, crosses). This allows us to reconstruct "the sensible matter" of those times and the thoughts lodged between the lines of what is written, from the "sensorial marks" and "emotional marks" that reveal and shape the sensory model of an era. With these notions we can recognize the visual, aural, olfactory, gustatory, tactile and emotional marks present in the texts, which identify the perceptions that hold a special significance for the sensory plot of a culture and that allow us to speak of the existence of a Carolingian sensory and emotional community, elaborated, recognized and felt between the middle of the 8th century and the end of the 9th century.
Phylogeography of the rare and endangered lycophyteIsoetes yunguiensis
Authors: Zheng Tao , He Xuanze , Ye Honghuan , Fu Wei , Peng Maimai , Gou Guangqian 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundIsoetes yunguiensisQ. F. Wang & W. C. Taylor is a lycophyte of an ancient genus, and it is endemic to China. It is a first-class protected plant in China. This living fossil is used in paleoecology and studies on the evolution of Lycophytes in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. In recent years, human activities have caused the disappearance of several wild populations, and the number of plants in the existing populations is low. Study of the genetic structure, distribution pattern, and historical dynamics ofI.yunguiensisin all areas of its distribution is of guiding significance for its rational and effective protection.MethodsExpressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers were used to study the genetic diversity and structure ofI.yunguiensis, and noncoding chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences were used to study the pedigree, population dynamics history, and glacial shelter ofI. yunguiensis. A maximum entropy model was used to predict the past, present, and future distribution patterns ofI. yunguiensis.ResultsAnalysis with EST-SSR markers revealed thatI. yunguiensisshowed high genetic diversity and that genetic variation was significantly higher within populations than between populations. Based on cpDNA data, it was concluded that there was no significant geographic pedigree in the whole area ofI. yunguiensisdistribution (NST = 0.344 > GST = 0.183,p > 0.05); 21 haplotypes were detected using DnaSP v5. Neutral test and LAMARC simulation showed thatI. yunguiensishas experienced rapid expansion in recent years. The maximum entropy model predicted that the potential distribution area ofI. yunguiensisin the last glacial maximum period has increased significantly compared with the present distribution area, but the future distribution area did not show substantial changes.
Identification and validation of a three-gene signature as a candidate prognostic biomarker for lower grade glioma
Authors: Xiao Kai , Liu Qing , Peng Gang , Su Jun , Qin Chao-Ying , Wang Xiang-Yu 
Published: January 2020

Background
Lower grade glioma (LGG) are a heterogeneous tumor that may develop into high-grade malignant glioma seriously shortens patient survival time. The clinical prognostic biomarker of lower-grade glioma is still lacking. The aim of our study is to explore novel biomarkers for LGG that contribute to distinguish potential malignancy in low-grade glioma, to guide clinical adoption of more rational and effective treatments.

Methods
The RNA-seq data for LGG was downloaded from UCSC Xena and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). By a robust likelihood-based survival model, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis, we developed a three-gene signature and established a risk score to predict the prognosis of patient with LGG. The three-gene signature was an independent survival predictor compared to other clinical parameters. Based on the signature related risk score system, stratified survival analysis was performed in patients with different age group, gender and pathologic grade. The prognostic signature was validated in the CGGA dataset. Finally, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was carried out to find the co-expression genes related to the member of the signature and enrichment analysis of the Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway were conducted for those co-expression network. To prove the efficiency of the model, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves of our model and other models are constructed.

Results
In this study, a three-gene signature (WEE1, CRTAC1, SEMA4G) was constructed. Based on the model, the risk score of each patient was calculated with LGG (low-risk vs. high-risk, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.198 (95% CI [0.120–0.325])) and patients in the high-risk group had significantly poorer survival results than those in the low-risk group. Furthermore, the model was validated in the CGGA dataset. Lastly, by WGCNA, we constructed the co-expression network of the three genes and conducted the enrichment of GO and KEGG. Our study identified a three-gene model that showed satisfactory performance in predicting the 1-, 3- and 5-year survival of LGG patients compared to other models and may be a promising independent biomarker of LGG.
Clinical outcome of endonasal endoscopic prelacrimal approach in managing different maxillary pathologies
Authors: Lin Yu Hsuan , Chen Wei-Chih 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to evaluate the treatment outcomes of endoscopic prelacrimal recess approaches (EPLAs) in managing different sinus pathologies, analyzing associated adverse events and post-treatment quality-of-life.MethodsWe enrolled 21 consecutive patients (22 lesions) who received endoscopic sinus surgical procedures with EPLAs in two tertiary medical institutes between 2015 and 2018. Quality-of-life and self-rated symptom severity data were collected using the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcomes Test (SNOT-22) and 10-point visual analog scales (VAS), respectively.ResultsA total of 21 patients (mean age (standard deviation) 51.7 (14.5) years; 16(76.2%) male) were followed up for 12.7 months. The most common symptoms were nasal discharge and nasal airway obstructions. Nine lesions (40.9%) were sinonasal papilloma’s, seven lesions were other types of neoplasms (31.8%; five benign and two malignant), two were trauma-related (9.1%), and four inflammatory diseases (18.2%). Patients with non-papilloma lesions had higher presurgical SNOT-22 than those with papillomas (P-value = 0.021). After EPLAs, non-papilloma patients had significant improvements in SNOT-22 and VAS (P-values = 0.012 and 0.012, respectively), while those with papillomas had only marginally significant improvements in VAS (P-value = 0.061). The most common adverse events was temporary cheek/tooth numbness (n= 11), and patients with sinonasal papillomas were more likely to have post-treatment complications than those with other disease entities.ConclusionsEPLAs were found to effectively manage various sinus diseases. Short-term life-quality improvements were promising. Future large-scale studies with longer follow-up periods are recommended.
Adaptive neural output feedback control for uncertain nonlinear systems with input quantization and output constraints
Authors: Wang Min , Zhang Tianping , Yang Yuequan 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIn this paper, we are concerned with the problem of adaptive output‐feedback tracking control for nonlinear systems with input quantization, unmodeled dynamics, and output constraints. A novel quantizer with the advantages of hysteresis and uniform quantizer is introduced to handle input signals. A barrier Lyapunov function is employed to solve the output constraints. The state unmodeled dynamics is solved by using a Lyapunov description, and neural networks are used to approximate the unknown smooth functions produced in the adaptive control design process. The controller design is simplified by combining the new quantizer with dynamic surface control method. The mathematical derivation shows the stability of the closed‐loop system and the effectiveness of output constraints. Simulation illustrates and clarifies the theoretical findings.
Structural Orientation and Anisotropy in Biological Materials: Functional Designs and Mechanics
Authors: Liu Zengqian , Zhang Zhefeng , Ritchie Robert O. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBiological materials exhibit anisotropic characteristics because of the anisometric nature of their constituents and their preferred alignment within interfacial matrices. The regulation of structural orientations is the basis for material designs in nature and may offer inspiration for man‐made materials. Here, how structural orientation and anisotropy are designed into biological materials to achieve diverse functionalities is revisited. The orientation dependencies of differing mechanical properties are introduced based on a 2D composite model with wood and bone as examples; as such, anisotropic architectures and their roles in property optimization in biological systems are elucidated. Biological structural orientations are designed to achieve extrinsic toughening via complicated cracking paths, robust and releasable adhesion from anisotropic contact, programmable dynamic response by controlled expansion, enhanced contact damage resistance from varying orientations, and simultaneous optimization of multiple properties by adaptive structural reorientation. The underlying mechanics and material‐design principles that could be reproduced in man‐made systems are highlighted. Finally, the potential and challenges in developing a better understanding to implement such natural designs of structural orientation and anisotropy are discussed in light of current advances. The translation of these biological design principles can promote the creation of new synthetic materials with unprecedented properties and functionalities.
Formation of Surface Protic Ionic Liquid Nanodroplets for Nanofabrication
Authors: Yu Haitao , Dyett Brendan P. , Pathirannahalage Sachini Kadaoluwa , Li Miaosi , Drummond Calum J. , Greaves Tamar L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFemtoliter droplets at solid interfaces attract significant interest as the basic units in many physical and biological processes. One challenge in the application of these tiny droplets is their fast evaporation rate in air due to their large surface‐to‐volume ratio. Ionic liquids with low volatility present an opportunity to overcome this challenge. The advanced properties of ionic liquids (ILs) have enabled them to be widely applied in chemical reactions, biopolymers, molecular self‐assembly and separations. At interfaces, the wettability of ILs is pursued in next‐generation lubricants and battery technology. Previously, IL droplets at solid surfaces have been prepared by nanodispensing, micropipette, and solvent evaporation. Here, the solvent exchange protocol is extended to yield protic ionic liquid droplets at the interface with controlled size, distribution, location, and stability in both liquid and air surroundings. During growth, the droplets demonstrate an interesting dewetting dynamic. This behavior has not been observed for molecular liquids during solvent exchange and suggests interesting interfacial dynamics of the ionic liquid. One proof‐of‐concept application of using surface nanodroplets of the protic ionic liquid ethylammonium nitrate for compartmentalized reactions and templating SiO2 nanostructures is demonstrated. This work broadens and intertwines the opportunities of ILs and nanodroplets.
Local Leukocyte Invasion during Hyperacute Human Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kollikowski Alexander M. , Schuhmann Michael K. , Nieswandt Bernhard , Müllges Wolfgang , Stoll Guido , Pham Mirko 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveBridging the gap between experimental stroke and patients by ischemic blood probing during the hyperacute stage of vascular occlusion is crucial to assess the role of inflammation in human stroke and for the development of adjunct treatments beyond recanalization.MethodsWe prospectively observed 151 consecutive ischemic stroke patients with embolic large vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation who underwent mechanical thrombectomy. In all these patients, we attempted microcatheter aspiration of 3 different arterial blood samples: (1) within the core of the occluded vascular compartment and controlled by (2) carotid and (3) femoral samples obtained under physiological flow conditions. Subsequent laboratory analyses comprised leukocyte counting and differentiation, platelet counting, and the quantification of 13 proinflammatory human chemokines/cytokines.ResultsForty patients meeting all clinical, imaging, interventional, and laboratory inclusion criteria could be analyzed, showing that the total number of leukocytes significantly increased under the occlusion condition. This increase was predominantly driven by neutrophils. Significant increases were also apparent for lymphocytes and monocytes, accompanied by locally elevated plasma levels of the T‐cell chemoattractant CXCL‐11. Finally, we found evidence that short‐term clinical outcome (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale at 72 hours) was negatively associated with neutrophil accumulation.InterpretationWe provide the first direct human evidence that neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes, accompanied by specific chemokine upregulation, accumulate in the ischemic vasculature during hyperacute stroke and may affect outcome. These findings strongly support experimental evidence that immune cells contribute to acute ischemic brain damage and indicate that ischemic inflammation initiates already during vascular occlusion. Ann Neurol 2020;87:466–479