bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of the long noncoding RNA Dreg1 as a novel regulator of Gata3
Authors: Chan Wing Fuk , Coughlan Hannah D , Iannarella Nadia , Smyth Gordon K , Johanson Timothy M , Keenan Christine R , Allan Rhys S 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe eukaryotic genome is three‐dimensionally segregated into discrete globules of topologically associating domains (TADs), within which numerous cis‐regulatory elements such as enhancers and promoters interact to regulate gene expression. In this study, we identify a T‐cell‐specific sub‐TAD containing the Gata3 locus, and reveal a previously uncharacterized long noncoding RNA (Dreg1) within a distant enhancer lying approximately 280 kb downstream of Gata3. Dreg1 expression is highly correlated with that of Gata3 during early immune system development and T helper type 2 cell differentiation. Inhibition and overexpression of Dreg1 suggest that it may be involved in the establishment, but not in the maintenance of Gata3 expression. Overall, we propose that Dreg1 is a novel regulator of Gata3 and may inform therapeutic strategies in diseases such allergy and lymphoma, where Gata3 has a pathological role.
Precipitous weakening of quartz at the α–β phase inversion
Authors: Lawn Brian , Marshall David , Raj Rishi , Hirth Greg , Page Trevor , Yeomans Julie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCrystalline quartz has long been identified as among the weakest of abundant crustal minerals. This weakness is particularly evident around the α–β phase inversion at 573°C, in which Si–O bonds undergo a displacive structural transformation from trigonal to hexagonal symmetry. Here we present data using indentation testing methodologies that highlight the precipitous extent of the transformational weakening. Although the indentations are localized over relatively small specimen contact areas, the data quantify the essential deformation and fracture properties of quartz in a predominantly (but not exclusively) compressive stress field, at temperatures and pressures pertinent to conditions in the earth's crust.
Systematic study of structure and piezoelectric properties of Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 by in situ synchrotron diffraction
Authors: Zhang Yueyun , Liu Hui , Sun Shengdong , Deng Shiqing , Chen Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLead‐based ferroelectric materials are extensively employed in industrial applications and everyday life due to their excellent ferroelectric and piezoelectric performance. Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 (PNN‐PT) is a typical binary relaxor ferroelectric system, whose refined structure and piezoelectric properties have not been systematically investigated. In this study, evolution of electric field‐based crystal structure and variation of ferroelectric, piezoelectric, as well as dielectric properties with composition and temperature of (1 − x)PNN‐xPT (0.32 ≤ x ≤ 0.36) ceramics were studied in full detail. The optimal performance is obtained at 0.66PNN‐0.34PT with maximum piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 560 pC/N and large dielectric constant of 28 684. In situ high‐energy synchrotron diffraction was employed to determine structural origins of enhanced properties of 0.66PNN‐0.34PT. Interestingly, crystal structure of poled 0.66PNN‐0.34PT ceramic is determined to be single monoclinic phase. Furthermore, both its lattice parameters and volume variation present butterfly shape under electric field. It is demonstrated that macroscopic strain of 0.66PNN‐0.34PT stems mainly from intrinsic structure. The present study provides evidence for the relationship between microstructure and macroscopic properties, which is beneficial to the design of new materials with piezoelectric properties.
Political Liberalism and Male Supremacy
Authors: Stark Cynthia A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn Equal Citizenship and Public Reason, Watson and Hartley dispute the claim that Rawls’s doctrine of political liberalism must tolerate gender hierarchy because it counts conservative and orthodox religions as reasonable comprehensive doctrines. I argue that their defense in fact contains two arguments, both of which fail. The first, which I call the ‘Deliberative Equality Argument’, fails because it does not establish conclusively that political liberalism’s demand for equal citizenship forbids social practices of domination, as the authors contend. The second, which I call the ‘Equal Liberties Argument’, fails because it supports a particular version of political liberalism and not the doctrine itself.
Dual deficiency of angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 and Mas receptor enhances angiotensin II‐induced hypertension and hypertensive nephropathy
Authors: Ni Jun , Yang Fuye , Huang Xiao‐Ru , Meng Jinxiu , Chen Jiaoyi , Bader Michael , Penninger Josef M. , Fung Erik , Yu Xue‐Qing , Lan Hui‐Yao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAngiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2) and Mas receptor are the major components of the ACE2/Ang 1‐7/Mas axis and have been shown to play a protective role in hypertension and hypertensive nephropathy individually. However, the effects of dual deficiency of ACE2 and Mas (ACE2/Mas) on Ang II‐induced hypertensive nephropathy remain unexplored, which was investigated in this study in a mouse model of hypertension induced in either ACE2 knockout (KO) or Mas KO mice and in double ACE2/Mas KO mice by subcutaneously chronic infusion of Ang II. Compared with wild‐type (WT) animals, mice lacking either ACE2 or Mas significantly increased blood pressure over 7‐28 days following a chronic Ang II infusion (P < .001), which was further exacerbated in double ACE2/Mas KO mice (P < .001). Furthermore, compared to a single ACE2 or Mas KO mice, mice lacking ACE2/Mas developed more severe renal injury including higher levels of serum creatinine and a further reduction in creatinine clearance, and progressive renal inflammation and fibrosis. Mechanistically, worsen hypertensive nephropathy in double ACE2/Mas KO mice was associated with markedly enhanced AT1‐ERK1/2‐Smad3 and NF‐κB signalling, thereby promoting renal fibrosis and renal inflammation in the hypertensive kidney. In conclusion, ACE2 and Mas play an additive protective role in Ang II‐induced hypertension and hypertensive nephropathy. Thus, restoring the ACE2/Ang1‐7/Mas axis may represent a novel therapy for hypertension and hypertensive nephropathy.
Global lockdown: An effective safeguard in responding to the threat of COVID‐19
Authors: Verma Bhupendra Kumar , Verma Mamta , Verma Vikash Kumar , Abdullah Rifah B. , Nath Dilip C. , Khan Hafiz T. A. , Verma Anita , Vishwakarma Ramesh K. , Verma Vivek 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesThe recent outbreak of coronavirus (COVID‐19) has infected around 1 560 000 individuals till 10 April 2020, which has resulted in 95 000 deaths globally. While no vaccine or anti‐viral drugs for COVID‐19 are available, lockdown acts as a protective public health measures to reduce human interaction and lower transmission. The study aims to explore the impact of delayed planning or lack of planning for the lockdown and inadequate implementation of the lockdown, on the transmission rate of COVID‐19.MethodEpidemiological data on the incidence and mortality of COVID‐19 cases as reported by public health authorities were accessed from six countries based on total number of infected cases, namely, United States and Italy (more than 100 000 cases); United Kingdom, and France (50 000‐100 000 cases), and India and Russia (6000‐10 000 cases). The Bayesian inferential technique was used to observe the changes (three points) in pattern of number of cases on different duration of exposure (in days) in these selected countries 1 month after World Health Organization (WHO) declaration about COVID‐19 as a global pandemic.ResultsOn comparing the pattern of transmission rates observed in these six countries at posterior estimated change points, it is found that partial implementation of lockdown (in the United States), delayed planning in lockdown (Russia, United Kingdom, and France), and inadequate implementation of the lockdown (in India and Italy) were responsible to the spread of infections.ConclusionsIn order to control the spreading of COVID‐19, like other national and international laws, lockdown must be implemented and enforced. It is suggested that on‐time or adequate implementation of lockdown is a step towards social distancing and to control the spread of this pandemic.
Vitamin D3‐loaded nanophytosomes for enrichment purposes: Formulation, structure optimization, and controlled release
Authors: Molaveisi Mohammad , Shahidi‐Noghabi Mostafa , Naji‐Tabasi Sara 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study was aimed at using the nanophytosome delivery system to increase stability and controlled release of vitamin D3 due to the low stability of vitamin D3 during storage and digestion conditions. Response surface methodology was utilized to optimize the effect of reaction temperature, and ratios of vitamin D3/lecithin and complex/solvent on the responses. The optimum phytosome was characterized for differential scanning calorimetry, morphology, stability, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), antioxidant activity, moisture content, solubility, and in vitro release kinetics. FTIR spectra indicated the complex between vitamin D3 and lecithin was formed by hydrogen bonds. The optimum phytosome had a protective effect on the antioxidant activity of vitamin D3 and also had a significant increase in the solubility of vitamin D3 into aquatic media. The release of vitamin D3 in the intestine medium followed the Fickian diffusion mechanism. The optimization of variables to produce optimum phytosome increased their stability during storage.Practical applicationsA main part of the people nowadays are suffering with the lack of vitamin D3 majorly related to the loss of 7‐hydrocholesterol resources available in the skin over the years, due to the lack of contact with ultraviolet (UV) light. Several benefits reported for vitamin D3 intake including the increase of calcium and phosphorus absorption in the small intestine and the homeostasis of these minerals in the bloodstream, which prevent diseases as osteoporosis among others. Fat‐soluble vitamins such as vitamin D3 are sensitive compounds that should be protected from oxidation agents. Entrapment of vitamin D3 in phytosomes is an effective way to protect the main properties of vitamin D3 during the storage, production of an enriched food supplement with vitamin D3, and creates a physicochemical barrier against oxidation agents such as free radicals, oxygen, or UV light.
Is systemic inflammation a missing link between periodontitis and hypertension? Results from two large population‐based surveys
Authors: Muñoz Aguilera E. , Leira Y. , Miró Catalina Q. , Orlandi M. , Czesnikiewicz‐Guzik M. , Guzik T. J. , Hingorani A. D. , Nart J. , D’Aiuto F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe primary objective was to investigate the relationship between periodontitis and hypertension in two independent large surveys. The secondary objective was to ascertain whether systemic inflammation had a mediation effect in the association.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study analysed representative samples of the US (n = 3460; NHANES 2009/10) and Korean (n = 4539; 2015 KNHANES VI‐3) populations. The association between periodontitis (exposure), hypertension (outcome) and inflammatory markers [C‐reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell counts (WBC)] (mediators) was assessed using multivariate linear and logistic regression models and mediation analysis.ResultsParticipants with periodontitis were more likely to have hypertension (NHANES: OR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0–1.6, P = 0.025; KNHANES: OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0–1.4, P = 0.041) and actual systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg (NHANES: OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1–2.3, P < 0.001; KNHANES: OR = 1.3, 95% CI :1.0–1.6, P < 0.031) than those without the disease. These associations were independent of age, gender, BMI, education level, smoking, alcohol consumption, creatinine, physical activity, presence of other comorbidities and confirmed in participants not taking antihypertensive medications. Diagnosis of periodontitis was directly associated with WBC (in both surveys: NHANES: β ± SE = 0.3 ± 0.1, P < 0.004; KNHANES: β ± SE = 0.3 ± 0.1, P < 0.001) and with CRP levels (in one survey: NHANES: β ± SE = 0.1 ± 0.03, P < 0.007; KNHANES: β ± SE = 0.1 ± 0.04, P > 0.213). Mediation analyses confirmed that CRP acted as a mediator in the association between periodontitis and hypertension in both populations (mediated effect: NHANES: β ± SE = 0.010 ± 0.003, P < 0.001; KNHANES: β ± SE = 0.003 ± 0.001, P = 0.015). WBC acted as a mediator in the KNHANES (mediated effect: β ± SE = 0.004 ± 0.001, P = 0.004) whilst in the NHANES, its effect was dependent of CRP inclusion in the model (mediated effect WBC + CRP: β ± SE = 0.002 ± 0.001, P = 0.001).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that periodontitis is closely linked to hypertension and systemic inflammation is, in part, a mediator of this association.
Text, talk, and body in shift handover interaction: Language and multimodal repertoires for geriatric care work
Authors: Mori Junko , Shima Chiharu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractJapan's rapidly aging population and chronic labor shortages have led the country to consider increased reliance on foreign workers. The government promotes the cultivation of nihongo jinzai ‘Japanese language human resources’ (MOFA, 2013), that is, highly skilled foreign workers proficient in the de facto national language, but in reality, such ideal individuals are scarce. Workplaces thus must explore ways to accommodate workers with limited Japanese competence. By introducing a sequential and multimodal analysis of shift handover interaction between Japanese and foreign care workers at a geriatric facility, the current article critically evaluates the monolingual, logocentric ideology reflected in the ongoing national debate as well as in the institutional convention of information sharing. The examination of the ways in which these workers deploy multimodal semiotic resources for the fulfillment of their duty points to the need for reevaluation of conventional practices in favor of increased affordance of spatial repertoire.
The role of polyphenols in poultry nutrition
Authors: Abdel‐Moneim Abdel‐Moneim E. , Shehata Abdelrazeq M. , Alzahrani Seraj O. , Shafi Manal E. , Mesalam Noura M. , Taha Ayman E. , Swelum Ayman A. , Arif Muhammad , Fayyaz Muhammad , Abd El‐Hack Mohamed E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the last two decades, poultry and animal industries became increasingly interested in using plant‐based feed supplements, herbs and their derivatives to retain or enhance their health and productivity. These health benefits for the host mainly attributed to the secondary plant metabolites, namely polyphenols. Polyphenols are renowned for their antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti‐mutagenic and anti‐inflammatory properties. However, despite these advantages of polyphenols, they have been characterized by poor absorption in the gut and low concentration in target cells that compromise their role as effective antioxidants. The low bioavailability of polyphenols necessitates the need for further investigations to harness their full potential in poultry farms. This review is existing evidence about the bioavailability of polyphenols and their antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, detoxification properties and their impacts on poultry performance.
Optimizing Fluency Training for Speaking Skills Transfer: Comparing the Effects of Blocked and Interleaved Task Repetition
Authors: Suzuki Yuichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn an exploration of the effects of task‐repetition practice on fluency development, English‐as‐a‐foreign language learners performed three oral narrative tasks involving six‐frame cartoons for 3 consecutive days. They engaged in task‐repetition practice under either a blocked (Day 1: A‐A‐A; Day 2: B‐B‐B; Day 3: C‐C‐C) or an interleaved (Day 1: A‐B‐C; Day 2: A‐B‐C; Day 3: A‐B‐C) task repetition schedule. The results yielded by a posttest involving new six‐frame cartoons indicated that blocked practice resulted in greater fluency development (faster articulation rate and shorter mid‐clause pause duration) than did interleaved practice. Moreover, the learners in the blocked‐practice group tended to pause more frequently at clause boundaries. Blocked practice also led to significantly longer mean length of run and higher phonation/time ratio during training, although this advantage failed to transfer to meaningful pretest–posttest changes. These dynamic fluency developmental patterns are discussed to elucidate the underlying proceduralization in L2 speech processes.
Rice stripe virus coat protein induces the accumulation of jasmonic acid, activating plant defence against the virus while also attracting its vector to feed
Authors: Han Kelei , Huang Haijian , Zheng Hongying , Ji Mengfei , Yuan Quan , Cui Weijun , Zhang Hehong , Peng Jiejun , Lu Yuwen , Rao Shaofei , Wu Guanwei , Lin Lin , Song Xuemei , Sun Zongtao , Li Junmin , Zhang Chuanxi , Lou Yonggen , Chen Jianping , Yan Fei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe jasmonic acid (JA) pathway plays crucial roles in plant defence against pathogens and herbivores. Rice stripe virus (RSV) is the type member of the genus Tenuivirus. It is transmitted by the small brown planthopper (SBPH) and causes damaging epidemics in East Asia. The role(s) that JA may play in the tripartite interaction against RSV, its host, and vector are poorly understood. Here, we found that the JA pathway was induced by RSV infection and played a defence role against RSV. The coat protein (CP) was the major viral component responsible for inducing the JA pathway. Methyl jasmonate treatment attracted SBPHs to feed on rice plants while a JA‐deficient mutant was less attractive than wild‐type rice. SBPHs showed an obvious preference for feeding on transgenic rice lines expressing RSV CP. Our results demonstrate that CP is an inducer of the JA pathway that activates plant defence against RSV while also attracting SBPHs to feed and benefitting viral transmission. This is the first report of the function of JA in the tripartite interaction between RSV, its host, and its vector.
Literatur am Bildschirm
Authors: Schwabe Annika , Brandl Lukas , Boomgaarden Hajo G. , Stocker Günther 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDie Digitalisierung des Lesens nimmt mit der Verbreitung digitaler Lesegeräte und der Verfügbarkeit digitaler Texte zu, so dass das Lesen von Büchern auf dem Bildschirm zu einem dauerhaften Phänomen werden könnte. Nach zentralen Thesen kulturwissenschaftlicher ebenso wie kommunikationswissenschaftlicher Theoriebildung gehen unterschiedliche Lesemedien mit einem unterschiedlichen Leseverhalten und unterschiedlichen Leseerfahrungen einher. Ausgehend von der Frage, inwiefern sich die Leseerfahrung bei literarischen Texten durch das jeweilige Lesemedium verändert, bietet dieser Forschungsbericht einen systematischen und detaillierten Überblick über die Ergebnisse von 42 bisher dazu durchgeführten empirischen Studien und versucht damit die interdisziplinäre Kommunikation zwischen empirischer Leseforschung und Literaturwissenschaft zu intensivieren. Auf der Basis der bislang durchgeführten Studien kann die These, ein digitales Lesemedium würde sich negativ auf das Verstehen von narrativen Texten auswirken, nicht bestätigt werden. Im Gegenteil scheint es hinsichtlich des Textverständnisses, der zentralen Dimension in den meisten Studien, keinen Unterschied zu machen, ob am Bildschirm oder gedruckt gelesen wird. Diese empirischen Befunde werden abschließend einer kritischen Einschätzung und Diskussion unterzogen. Dabei werden mehrere Forschungslücken bzw. Desiderata einer künftigen Leseforschung genannt, insbesondere die Herausforderung, den Leseprozess im Allgemeinen und den Einfluss digitaler Lesemedien auf die Leseerfahrung im Besonderen adäquat zu operationalisieren und zu messen. Denn im Vergleich zu informativen Texten erfordert vor allem das Lesen von Literatur Analyseinstrumente, die der Komplexität der Texte und dem multidimensionalen Leseprozess gerecht werden.
Eosinophils are dispensable for the regulation of IgA and Th17 responses in Giardia muris infection
Authors: Yordanova Ivet A. , Lamatsch Martin , Kühl Anja A. , Hartmann Susanne , Rausch Sebastian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsIgA and Th17 responses are pivotal for the control of Giardia infections. Eosinophils support IgA class switching, the survival of intestinal IgA+ plasma cells at steady state and can control Th17 activity in the small intestine. To see whether eosinophils regulate adaptive immune responses during giardiasis, we investigated Giardia muris infections in wild‐type BALB/c and eosinophil‐deficient ∆dblGATA‐1 mice.Methods and resultsInfected ∆dblGATA‐1 mice did not differ markedly in parasite control from wild‐type mice. Confirming previous studies, naive ∆dblGATA‐1 mice displayed diminished IgA+ B cell frequencies in Peyer's patches. However, IgA class switching and intestinal IgA secretion in response to G muris infection were comparable in wild‐type BALB/c and ∆dblGATA‐1 mice. Both strains displayed similarly low intestinal Th17 responses, accompanied by a mild expansion of type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3).ConclusionsContrasting previous reports on overt small intestinal Th17 activity in eosinophil‐deficient mice, IL‐17A production is kept in check in the absence of eosinophils during Giardia infection. Suboptimal homeostatic IgA responses in the absence of eosinophils are transiently fostered in infected mice and the maintenance of IgA+ plasma cells appears to be restored during persisting Giardia infection.
Integrated pest and disease management in aquaponics: A metadata‐based review
Authors: Folorunso Ewumi Azeez , Roy Koushik , Gebauer Radek , Bohatá Andrea , Mraz Jan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAquaponics has the potential to produce sustainable, high‐quality food through integration of hydroponics and aquaculture, but its commercialization is stalled by bottlenecks in pest and disease management. We reviewed integrated pest and disease management steps and techniques in hydroponics to qualify as suitable techniques for different aquaponic designs. Non‐chemical prophylactic measures are highly proficient for pest and disease prevention in all designs. Still, the use of chemical control methods remains highly complicated for all systems. We simulated 10–20% runoff concentrations of 9 pesticides in the common UVI design and compared them with NOEC, LC50of fish. Endosulfan seems most toxic with runoff AI (20.7 μg L−1) exceeding LC50(10.2 μg L−1) and NOEC (0.05 μg L−1). At 20% runoff, most chemical pesticides pose risks in aquaponic systems. Natural pesticides were also discussed as potential alternatives with low acute toxicity to fish, but little is known about their effects on water and bacteria. While insecticides and herbicides are replaceable by well‐established commercial biocontrol measures, fungicides and nematicides would still be relevant in aquaponics due to low efficiency of alternatives (e.g. natural enemies, entomopathogenic fungus). Monitoring and cultural control are the first approaches to contain pest population below the action threshold. Biological controls, in general, are adaptable to a larger extent. Further studies are required on how to utilize indigenous microbial community in aquaponics (dominated by Proteobacteria; effective at ~103–109 CFU mL−1) as a frontline defence.