bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signature of high altitude adaptation in the gluteus proteome of the yak
Authors: Xin Jin‐Wei , Chai Zhi‐Xin , Zhang Cheng‐Fu , Zhang Qiang , Zhu Yong , Cao Han‐Wen , Ji Cidan Yang , Chen Xiao‐Ying , Jiang Hui , Zhong Jin‐Cheng , Ji Qiu‐Mei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractYak is the unique Bovidae species in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. A previous proteomic study has compared the yak muscle tissue to one cattle strain using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification approach. In this study, to further investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying yak adaptation, the proteomic profiles of gluteus were compared between yak and one moderate‐altitude cattle strain (Tibetan cattle) and two low‐altitude cattle strains (Holstein and Sanjiang cattle) using a label‐free quantitative method. The comparisons identified 20, 364, 143 upregulated proteins and 4, 6, 37 downregulated proteins in yak, compared with Tibetan, Holstein, and Sanjiang cattle, respectively. Protein–protein interaction analysis indicated that these differentially expressed proteins were mainly related to “oxidative phosphorylation” and “electron transport chain.” Further analysis revealed that NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11, NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4, cytochrome C oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial and cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 were all increased in the yak, suggesting that yak might increase mitochondrial capacity to sustain metabolic rates under high altitude conditions, which might be a long‐term adaptive mechanism underlying adaptation to high altitude environments. Yak increased the level of thioredoxin reductase 2 to protect themselves from oxidative damages. Moreover, the increased expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform and caveolin‐1 in yak suggested that yaks promoted glucose uptake for adaptation to high altitude. These results provided more information to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying yak adaption.
Neuroinflammation at single cell level: What is new?
Authors: Brandão W N , De Oliveira M G , Andreoni R T , Nakaya H , Farias A S , Peron J P S 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMultiple sclerosis is a chronic and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), most prevalent in women, and with an important social and economic cost worldwide. It is triggered by self-reacting lymphocytes that infiltrate the CNS and initiate neuroinflammation. Further, axonal loss and neuronal death takes place, leading to neurodegeneration and brain atrophy. The murine model for studying MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), consists in immunizing mice with myelin-derived epitopes. APCs activate encephalitogenic T CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes that migrate mainly to the spinal cord resulting in neuroinflammation. Most of the knowledge on the pathophysiology and treatment of MS was obtained from EAE experiments, as Th17 cells, anti-alpha4 blocking Abs and the role of microbiota. Conversely, recent technology breakthroughs, such as CyTOF and single-cell RNA-seq, promise to revolutionize our understanding on the mechanisms involved both in MS and EAE. In fact, the importance of specific cellular populations and key molecules in MS/EAE is a constant matter of debate. It is well accepted that both Th1 and Th17 T CD4 lymphocytes play a relevant role in disease initiation after re-activation in situ. What is still under constant investigation, however, is the plasticity of the lymphocyte population, and the individual contribution of both resident and inflammatory cells for the progression or recovery of the disease. Thus, in this review, new findings obtained after single-cell analysis of blood and central nervous system infiltrating cells from MS/EAE and how they have contributed to a better knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammation are discussed.
Innate immune receptors in platelets and platelet-leukocyte interactions
Authors: Dib Paula Ribeiro Braga , Quirino-Teixeira Anna Cecíllia , Merij Laura Botelho , Pinheiro Mariana Brandi Mendonça , Rozini Stephane Vicente , Andrade Fernanda Brandi , Hottz Eugenio Damaceno 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPlatelets are chief cells in hemostasis. Apart from their hemostatic roles, platelets are major inflammatory effector cells that can influence both innate and adaptive immune responses. Activated platelets have thromboinflammatory functions linking hemostatic and immune responses in several physiological and pathological conditions. Among many ways in which platelets exert these functions, platelet expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including TLR, Nod-like receptor, and C-type lectin receptor families, plays major roles in sensing and responding to pathogen-associated or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs, respectively). In this review, an increasing body of evidence is compiled showing the participation of platelet innate immune receptors, including PRRs, in infectious diseases, sterile inflammation, and cancer. How platelet recognition of endogenous DAMPs participates in sterile inflammatory diseases and thrombosis is discussed. In addition, platelet recognition of both PAMPs and DAMPs initiates platelet-mediated inflammation and vascular thrombosis in infectious diseases, including viral, bacterial, and parasite infections. The study also focuses on the involvement of innate immune receptors in platelet activation during cancer, and their contribution to tumor microenvironment development and metastasis. Finally, how innate immune receptors participate in platelet communication with leukocytes, modulating leukocyte-mediated inflammation and immune functions, is highlighted. These cell communication processes, including platelet-induced release of neutrophil extracellular traps, platelet Ag presentation to T-cells and platelet modulation of monocyte cytokine secretion are discussed in the context of infectious and sterile diseases of major concern in human health, including cardiovascular diseases, dengue, HIV infection, sepsis, and cancer.
Early removal of indwelling urinary catheter after radical surgery for early‐stage cervical cancer—A cohort study
Authors: Mengatto Mariana F. , Castro Beatriz G. R. , Nobrega Leandro , Vieira Marcelo A. , Andrade Carlos E. M. C. , Tsunoda Audrey T. , de Andrade Diocésio A. P. , dos Reis Ricardo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the difference between early and delayed removal of indwelling urinary catheter after radical hysterectomy (RH) or radical trachelectomy (RT).MethodsAn ambispective study was conducted in early‐stage cervical cancer patients who underwent RH or RT. Delayed indwelling urinary catheter removal occurred on a postoperative day (POD) 7 in the retrospective group (January 2012‐November 2013), and early removal occurred on POD 1 in the prospective group (May 2014‐June 2017). The postvoid residual (PVR) test was performed after indwelling catheter removal in both groups.ResultsOur sample included 47 patients in the delayed group and 48 in the early one. There was no difference in age, body mass index, tumor size, histology, stage, surgical approach, and intraoperative and postoperative complications. Indwelling urinary catheter reinsertion was needed in 16 (34%) patients in the delayed group and 12 (25%) in the early group (P = .37), with no statistical difference between the median PVR volumes −82.5 and 45 mL (P = .06), respectively. Seven (14.9%) patients in the delayed group presented with 30‐day urinary tract infection vs two (4.2%) in the early group (P = .09).ConclusionsEarly indwelling urinary catheter removal, in regard to the rate of catheter reinsertion and PVR volume, does not differ from delayed removal.
A cross‐sectional analysis of physical activity and weight misreporting in diverse populations: The Seattle Obesity Study III
Authors: Buszkiewicz James , Rose Chelsea , Gupta Shilpi , Ko Linda K. , Mou Jin , Moudon Anne V. , Hurvitz Philip M. , Cook Andrea , Aggarwal Anju , Drewnowski Adam 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBackgroundIn‐person assessments of physical activity (PA) and body weight can be burdensome for participants and cost prohibitive for researchers. This study examined self‐reported PA and weight accuracy and identified patterns of misreporting in a diverse sample.MethodsKing, Pierce and Yakima county residents, aged 21–59 years (n = 728), self‐reported their moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA) and weight, in kilograms. Self‐reports were compared with minutes of bout‐level MVPA, from 3 days of accelerometer data, and measured weights. Regression models examined characteristics associated with underreporting and overreporting of MVPA and weight, the potential bias introduced using each measure and the relation between perceived and measured PA and weight.ResultsMVPA underreporting was higher among males and college educated participants; however, there was no differential MVPA overreporting. Weight underreporting was higher among males, those age 40–49 years and persons with obesity. Weight overreporting was higher among Hispanic participants and those reporting stress, unhappiness and fair or poor health. The estimated PA–obesity relation was similar using measured and self‐reported PA but not self‐reported weight. Perceived PA and weight predicted measured values.ConclusionSelf‐reported PA and weight may be useful should objective measurement be infeasible; however, though population‐specific adjustment for differential reporting should be considered.
Perception of attractive and unattractive face groups is driven by distinct spatial frequencies
Authors: Ying Haojiang , Cheng Wenxuan , Deepu Rajan Nidhi , Xu Hong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOur visual system is able to extract information on facial attractiveness from groups of faces that contain both coarse and detailed information. This raises the question: What information is extracted from a face group? Is the attractiveness perception of multiple faces driven by high or low spatial frequency that can highlight the local or global information of the faces, respectively? In the first experiment, we adapted participants to four unattractive faces with full bandwidth (FB), high spatial frequency (HSF), and low spatial frequency (LSF). We observed significant aftereffects in the HSF faces adaptation condition, which suggests that the perception of multiple unattractive faces is largely driven by HSF information. In the second experiment, we found a similar but different pattern in the direct‐rating tasks, suggesting distinct perception mechanisms in unattractive versus attractive faces. In the third experiment, both the adaptation and direct‐rating paradigms suggested that perception of multiple attractive faces is largely driven by LSF information. Overall, results from the three experiments together found that perception of multiple attractive and unattractive faces depends on visual information from different spatial frequencies, suggesting distinctive mechanisms in processing attractive and unattractive groups of faces.
A highly efficient protocol for transforming Cuscuta reflexa based on artificially induced infection sites
Authors: Lachner Lena Anna‐Maria , Galstyan Levon , Krause Kirsten 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe parasitic plant genus Cuscuta is notoriously difficult to transform and to propagate or regenerate in vitro. With it being a substantial threat to many agroecosystems, techniques allowing functional analysis of gene products involved in host interaction and infection mechanisms are, however, in high demand. We set out to explore whether Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation of different plant parts can provide efficient alternatives to the currently scarce and inefficient protocols for transgene expression in Cuscuta. We used fluorescent protein genes on the T‐DNA as markers for transformation efficiency and transformation stability. As a result, we present a novel highly efficient transformation protocol for Cuscuta reflexa cells that exploits the propensity of the infection organ to take up and express transgenes with the T‐DNA. Both, Agrobacterium rhizogenes and Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying binary transformation vectors with reporter fluorochromes yielded high numbers of transformation events. An overwhelming majority of transformed cells were observed in the cell layer below the adhesive disk’s epidermis, suggesting that these cells are particularly susceptible to infection. Cotransformation of these cells happens frequently when Agrobacterium strains carrying different constructs are applied together. Explants containing transformed tissue expressed the fluorescent markers in in vitro culture for several weeks, offering a future possibility for development of transformed cells into callus. These results are discussed with respect to the future potential of this technique and with respect to the special characteristics of the infection organ that may explain its competence to take up the foreign DNA.
Assessing competencies of healthcare professionals caring for parents with cancer: The development of an innovative assessment tool
Authors: Johannsen Lene M. , Frerichs Wiebke , Inhestern Laura , Bergelt Corinna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis paper describes the development of an assessment tool capturing competencies of healthcare professionals (HCPs) in caring for cancer patients with minor children.MethodsWe combined the methods of clinical case vignettes and situational judgement tests (SJTs). Scenarios were created based on literature and interviews with patients, HCPs, and experts. We pretested the instrument by conducting cognitive interviews with n = 6 HCPs, who gave feedback on realism, clarity, and difficulty of the scenarios.ResultsThe developed assessment tool measures the following competencies: HCPs' (1) application of knowledge, (2) behavioural responses to clinical scenarios, (3) attitudes regarding the relevance of integrating the parental role in cancer care, and (4) empathic behaviour towards affected parents. Results of the cognitive interviews indicate that the scenarios are perceived as realistic and clear.ConclusionsWe provide an innovative approach by methodologically combining clinical case vignettes and SJTs. Next, the assessment tool will be applied in the context of a pilot evaluation of a newly developed training for HCPs that aims at enhancing their competencies in caring for cancer patients with minor children.
Fear of progression in parents of childhood cancer survivors: A dyadic data analysis
Authors: Peikert Mona L. , Inhestern Laura , Krauth Konstantin A. , Escherich Gabriele , Rutkowski Stefan , Kandels Daniela , Bergelt Corinna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveFear of progression (FoP), also referred to as fear of cancer recurrence, is gaining increasing interest in survivorship research as it constitutes a great burden for patients and relatives. However, only little is known about FoP in parents of childhood cancer survivors. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of FoP on quality of life (QoL) in parental couples.MethodsWe analyzed dyadic data of 197 couples parenting childhood cancer survivors (aged 0‐17 years at diagnosis of leukemia or central nervous system tumor) after the end of intensive cancer treatment. The actor‐partner interdependence model calculated by structural equation modelling was used to examine actor effects (effect of one's own FoP on one's own QoL) and partner effects (effect of one's own FoP on the partner's QoL).ResultsEighty‐one percentage of the parents reported moderate or high FoP levels. Mothers reported higher FoP levels (p < .01) and lower overall QoL levels than fathers (p < .01). The results revealed a significantly positive intra‐dyadic correlation between FoP of mothers and fathers of the same dyad (r = .431, p < .001). We found significantly negative actor effects for both mothers and fathers for the overall QoL (p < .001) as well as for several QoL subscales. No significant partner effects were found.ConclusionsMost parents reported elevated levels of FoP. Our results show that FoP in parents of childhood cancer survivors is strongly negatively associated with QoL. Parental FoP should therefore be explored in future research and needs to be targeted by health care providers.
From the carer's mouth: A phenomenological exploration of carer experiences with head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Halkett Georgia KB , Golding Raelee M. , Langbecker Danette , White Rohen , Jackson Melanie , Kernutt Elizabeth , O'Connor Moira 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveReceiving a diagnosis of head and neck cancer is devastating for patients and family carers and causes high levels of distress. Previous studies report that carer distress levels exceed that of patients, but go largely unnoticed by health professionals. To date, there is a paucity of studies that have described carers' perspectives of the lived experience of caring for a loved one diagnosed with head and neck cancer. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of carers of patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer.MethodsThis qualitative study was informed by descriptive phenomenology. Carers of patients who had been diagnosed with head and neck cancer within the last 6 years were recruited from participating hospitals in Perth, Western Australia. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 20 carers of patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer. Thematic analysis was conducted to gain an understanding of participants lived experiences.ResultsKey themes identified were: Silent Suffering, Gamut of Emotions, Causal Attribution, Changing Priorities, Gaining Support, and Coping. The changing priorities themes highlights that carers prioritised (a) being available for their loved one and (b) taking an active role in managing head and neck cancer symptoms and side effects.ConclusionsCarers of patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer experience distress. Instead of seeking support, carers often elected to suffer in silence. Implications for practice include screening for carer distress and providing specific interventions focused on caring for someone diagnosed with head and neck cancer.
Changes in lifestyle among prostate cancer survivors: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Bergengren Oskar , Enblad Anna Pia , Garmo Hans , Bratt Ola , Holmberg Lars , Johansson Eva , Bill‐Axelson Anna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveLong‐term information on lifestyle changes among prostate survivors is lacking. In this nationwide, population‐based study we investigated the prevalence of lifestyle changes, factors associated with lifestyle changes and associations between lifestyle changes and general quality of life.MethodsAll men registered in the National Prostate Cancer Register of Sweden diagnosed in 2008 with low‐risk prostate cancer at age 70 years or younger were sent a questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals for factors potentially associated with lifestyle change.ResultsOut of 1288, 1720 men (75%) were responded. A total of 279 (22%) reported a positive lifestyle change regarding diet or exercise. Poor functional outcomes after treatment was associated with exercising less (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2‐2.1) and less interest in social activities and relationships (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.5‐2.1). Men who exercised more (OR 7.9, 95% CI 4.4‐14) and men who had an increased interest in relationships and social activities (OR 5.2, 95% CI 2.1‐13) reported higher general quality of life.ConclusionsA considerable proportion of men reported making positive lifestyle changes after the prostate cancer diagnosis. The time after diagnosis may be a teachable moment that facilitates lifestyle interventions. Poor functional outcomes after treatment may reduce the willingness to engage in positive lifestyle change, which need be considered when supporting men after treatment. Men who made a positive lifestyle change, regardless of whether it was exercise or regarding relationships and social activities more often reported a high level of general quality of life.
Drugs against SARS‐CoV‐2: What do we know about their mode of action?
Authors: Valle Coralie , Martin Baptiste , Touret Franck , Shannon Ashleigh , Canard Bruno , Guillemot Jean‐Claude , Coutard Bruno , Decroly Etienne 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe health emergency caused by the recent Covid‐19 pandemic highlights the need to identify effective treatments against the virus causing this disease (SARS‐CoV‐2). The first clinical trials have been testing repurposed drugs that show promising anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 effects in cultured cells. Although more than 2400 clinical trials are already under way, the actual number of tested compounds is still limited to approximately 20, alone or in combination. In addition, knowledge on their mode of action (MoA) is currently insufficient. Their first results reveal some inconsistencies and contradictory results and suggest that cohort size and quality of the control arm are two key issues for obtaining rigorous and conclusive results. Moreover, the observed discrepancies might also result from differences in the clinical inclusion criteria, including the possibility of early treatment that may be essential for therapy efficacy in patients with Covid‐19. Importantly, efforts should also be made to test new compounds with a documented MoA against SARS‐CoV‐2 in clinical trials. Successful treatment will probably be based on multitherapies with antiviral compounds that target different steps of the virus life cycle. Moreover, a multidisciplinary approach that combines artificial intelligence, compound docking, and robust in vitro and in vivo assays will accelerate the development of new antiviral molecules. Finally, large retrospective studies on hospitalized patients are needed to evaluate the different treatments with robust statistical tools and to identify the best treatment for each Covid‐19 stage. This review describes different candidate antiviral strategies for Covid‐19, by focusing on their mechanism of action.
Biaxiales Tragverhalten von Gewebemembranen nach DIN EN 17117‐1
Authors: Uhlemann Jörg , Stranghöner Natalie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMit DIN EN 17117‐1 liegt seit etwa einem Jahr erstmals eine europäische Norm zur Durchführung und Auswertung von biaxialen Zugversuchen an beschichteten Textilien vor, wie sie im Membranbau Anwendung finden. Der vorliegende Beitrag bietet eine Vorstellung, Analyse und Bewertung der neuen Regelungen. Besondere Neuerungen gegenüber der bisherigen Versuchspraxis wie Regelungen zur Probekörpergeometrie, zum Lastprotokoll und der Belastungsgeschwindigkeit werden erläutert und bewertet. Der Beitrag zeigt den Unterschied zwischen elastischen Bemessungs‐ und Vergleichskonstanten und zeigt beispielhaft deren Anwendung und Interpretation.
Spiele im Schatten
Authors: Göppert Knut , Paech Christoph 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWandelbare Leichtbaukonstruktionen mit Membranen erfreuen sich immer größerer Beliebtheit. Durch eine adaptive Gebäudehülle steigt die Funktionalität des Gebäudes und innerhalb von Minuten kann z. B. ein Sportstadion in eine Mehrzweckarena umgewandelt werden. Im Mai 2019 wurde das Al‐Janoub‐Stadion in Katar eröffnet. Mit seinem 10 800 m2 großen wandelbaren Membrandach ist es ein Meilenstein in der modernen Stadionarchitektur. Dabei wurde das innovative Konzept des wandelbaren Innendachs optimal in das Erscheinungsbild der Gesamtarchitektur integriert. Innerhalb von 30 Minuten ist das wandelbare Membrandach verfahrbar, sodass der gesamte Stadioninnenraum verschattet ist. Die Möglichkeit der Verschattung ist in einem Gebiet mit starker Sonneneinstrahlung essenziell. Ein wandelbares Membrandach hilft dabei, selbst unter extremen Bedingungen die Temperaturen zu reduzieren und den Nutzerkomfort zu gewährleisten.