bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethics of information‐gathering interventions in innovative practice
Authors: Earl Jake , Wendler David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInnovative practice involves medical interventions that deviate from standard practice in significant ways. For many patients, innovative practice offers the best chance of successful treatment. Because little is known about most innovative treatments, clinicians who engage in innovative practice might consider including extra procedures, such as scans or blood draws, to gather information about the innovation. Such information‐gathering interventions can yield valuable information for modifying the innovation to benefit future patients and for designing scientific studies of the innovation. However, existing guidelines do not say when or whether it is appropriate to add potentially risky information‐gathering interventions for these purposes. As a result, clinicians may assume that information‐gathering interventions are ethically inappropriate and should not be used in innovative practice. This assumption can lead to seriously negative consequences, such as increasing the likelihood that harmful or ineffective innovations will be adopted and creating new barriers to the development of genuinely beneficial treatments. We argue that health care institutions need to promote the responsible use of information‐gathering interventions as an adjunct to innovative practice, and that these interventions are not clinical research and should not be subject to research oversight.
Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with prior cardiac surgery: An analysis from the International VT Ablation Center Collaborative Group
Authors: Aguilar Martin , Tedrow Usha B. , Tzou Wendy S. , Tung Roderick , Frankel David S. , Santangeli Pasquale , Vaseghi Marmar , Bunch T. Jared , Di Biase Luigi , Tholakanahalli Venkatakrishna N. , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Dickfeld Timm , Weiss J. Peter , Mathuria Nilesh , Vergara Pasquale , Nakahara Shiro , Bradfield Jason S. , Burkhardt J. David , Stevenson William G. , Callans David J. , Della Bella Paolo , Natale Andrea , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Marchlinski Francis E. , Sauer William H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionPatients with prior cardiac surgery may represent a subgroup of patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) that may be more difficult to control with catheter ablation.MethodsWe evaluated 1901 patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy who underwent VT ablation at 12 centers. Clinical characteristics and VT radiofrequency ablation procedural outcomes were assessed and compared between those with and without prior cardiac surgery. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to estimate freedom from recurrent VT and survival.ResultsThere were 578 subjects (30.4%) with prior cardiac surgery identified in the cohort. Those with prior cardiac surgery were older (66.4 ± 11.0 years vs. 60.5 ± 13.9 years, p < .01), with lower left ventricular ejection fraction (30.2 ± 11.5% vs. 34.8 ± 13.6%, p < .01) and more ischemic heart disease (82.5% vs. 39.3%, p < .01) but less likely to undergo epicardial mapping or ablation (9.0% vs. 38.1%, p<.01) compared to those without prior surgery. When epicardial mapping was performed, a significantly greater proportion required surgical intervention for access (19/52 [36.5%] vs. 14/504 [2.8%]; p < .01). Procedural complications, including epicardial access‐related complications, were lower (5.7% vs. 7.0%, p < .01) in patients with versus without prior cardiac surgery. VT‐free survival (75.1% vs. 74.1%, p = .805) and survival (86.5% vs. 87.9%, p = .397) were not different between those with and without prior heart surgery, regardless of etiology of cardiomyopathy. VT recurrence was associated with increased mortality in patients with and without prior cardiac surgery.ConclusionDespite different clinical characteristics and fewer epicardial procedures, the safety and efficacy of VT ablation in patients with prior cardiac surgery is similar to others in this cohort. The incremental yield of epicardial mapping in predominant ischemic cardiomyopathy population prior heart surgery may be low but appears safe in experienced centers.
Association between periodontitis and fibrotic progression of non‐alcoholic fatty liver among Japanese adults
Authors: Kuroe Kei , Furuta Michiko , Takeuchi Kenji , Takeshita Toru , Suma Shino , Shinagawa Takashi , Shimazaki Yoshihiro , Yamashita Yoshihisa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimNon‐alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) is known to develop into liver fibrosis, which increases the risk of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. The association between periodontal condition and fibrotic progression of NAFL is unclear. This study aimed to clarify this longitudinal association.Materials and MethodsAmong 4812 participants aged 35–64 years undergoing annual health check‐ups between 2003 and 2004, and follow‐up 5 years later, 392 participants were diagnosed with NAFL. After excluding participants with liver fibrosis at baseline, 341 participants were followed up for 5 years. NAFL disease fibrosis score of ≥−1.455 was used to evaluate the probability of the presence of liver fibrosis.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period, 10.6% of participants progressed to liver fibrosis. A higher clinical attachment level (CAL) tended to be associated with the incidence of liver fibrosis in the logistic regression analysis (odds ratio [OR] 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94–3.49, p = .074). The stratified analysis by obesity revealed a significant association with higher CAL in obese participants (OR 2.87, 95% CI, 1.23–6.69, p = .015), but not in non‐obese participants.ConclusionHigher CAL was associated with an increased probability of liver fibrosis in obese adults with NAFL.
Longevity of direct diastema closure and recontouring restorations with resin composites in maxillary anterior teeth: A 4‐year clinical evaluation
Authors: Korkut Bora , Türkmen Cafer 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical performance of resin composite restorations and to investigate causes of failure.Materials and MethodsThe longevity of 216 restorations in 53 patients (mean age, 33.3 years) was retrospectively evaluated according to Fédération Dentaire Internationale (FDI) criteria. Dental history and photographic data were used to evaluate diastema closure (n = 199) and recontouring (n = 19) restorations comprising microhybrid (Essentia Universal, GC Corp.), nanohybrid (Ceram.x One, Dentsply Sirona), and nanofilled (Estelite Asteria, Tokuyama Dental) composites. Data were analyzed with the Kaplan–Meier log‐rank test, Cox regression analysis, Pearson chi‐square test. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The overall survival rate was 90.3 % and the mean survival duration was 46.2 months during the for 4 ‐ year study period. The annual failure rate was 0.9 % – 3.4 %. Mean survival durations for diastema closure and recontouring restorations were 46.2 and 45.9 months, respectively (p = 0.328). Mean survival durations for Essentia Universal, Estelite Asteria, and Ceram.x One were 46.1, 46.7, and 45.7 months, respectively (p = 0.677). If we include failed restorations that were repaired and remained functional, the overall survival rate was 100 %.ConclusionLongevity was similar among composites and restoration types. The long‐term clinical performance of monochromatic anterior composite restorations was robust. Composite repair may be suitable for diastema closure and recontouring restorations.Clinical SignificanceThere is a lack of long‐term clinical evidence regarding the performance of direct anterior composite restorations. Monochromatic direct composite restorations may meet both the esthetic and functional expectations with even simpler restorative techniques. This 4 ‐ year follow‐up study evaluated the clinical performance of monochromatic anterior diastema closure and recontouring restorations with three different composite materials. The longevity of the restorations and the reasons for failure were investigated.
Soluble Pearl Extract provides effective skin lightening by antagonizing endothelin
Authors: Wang Jing , Chen Zhixiong , Lu Yaojia , Zhang Lihua , Mo Jiahuan , Cao Fumin , Xie Min , Shen Xinzhong , Yang Anquan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncidence of skin pigmentation disorders has been on the rise globally. This calls for safer and more effective topical skin lightening and freckle‐removing products. In this study, we hypothesized that Soluble Pearl Extract (SPE) may possess endothelin antagonizing compounds with good skin whitening effects.Objectives(a) To determine the effect and mechanisms of SPE on ET‐1‐treated B16 melanoma cells. (b) To explore the cytotoxic effects of SPE on B16 melanoma cells.MethodsCCK‐8 assay was performed to determine how SPE and ET‐1 affect the proliferation rate of B16 melanoma cells, the NaOH lysis assay was conducted to quantify the content of melanin while the tyrosinase activity was determined by DOPA oxidation test. The mRNA and protein expression levels of TYR and TRP‐1 were determined by qRT‐PCR assay and Western blot assay, respectively.ResultsWe found that SPE at 0.1 and 1 μg/mL concentrations has no effect on the proliferation of the cells and 10 nmol/L ET‐1 promoted B16 melanoma cells proliferation. Notably, B16 melanoma cells treated with 10 nmol/L ET‐1 exhibited significantly higher melanin synthesis, tyrosinase activity, TYR, and TRP‐1 mRNA expression levels compared with untreated cells. Of note, the effects of 10 nmol/L ET‐1 treatment were abolished with SPE in a dose‐dependent manner.ConclusionsSPE inhibits endothelin thereby safely and effectively lightening lightens the skin by antagonizing endothelin. Moreover, SPE is safe and effective.
A combination of 1064 nm Q‐switched fractional ND‐YAG laser with a nonfractional microsecond pulsed technology has a synergistic effect for nonablative facial rejuvenation
Authors: Akerman Lehavit , Lapidoth Moshe , Levi Assi , Sharon Eran , Hilewitz Daniel , Solomon‐Cohen Efrat 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundNon‐ablative fractionated lasers for facial rejuvenation are increasingly preferred over ablative lasers due to their minimal downtime and fewer adverse events. The synergistic effect of the Q‐switched fractional (QSF) 1064‐nm neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser, in combination with the non‐fractional microsecond pulsed technology has yet to be fully evaluated.AimOur objective was to determine the safety and efficacy of this combination treatment for skin rejuvenation.MethodsPatients who underwent treatment using the QSF‐Nd:YAG laser, followed by the non‐fractional microsecond pulsed Nd:YAG were evaluated retrospectively using a novel 3D imaging modality for degree of facial erythema, wrinkles surface area, and wrinkle depth. Pain perception, adverse effects, and patient satisfaction were assessed at the 2‐month post‐treatment follow‐up visit, graded on a scale of 1‐ 5 (1 = not satisfied, 5 = very satisfied).ResultsTen female patients’ ages 44‐67 (mean 55 years) completed both treatment and follow‐up period, with an overall mild improvement in facial erythema and wrinkle surface area (mean improvement of 18% and 19.5% accordingly), as well as a mild improvement in overall wrinkle depth. Pain and adverse effects were mild and transient. Patients' satisfaction was high.ConclusionThe combination of the QSF‐Nd:YAG laser and non‐fractional microsecond pulsed technology, using a single Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser platform, was found safe and effective as a non‐ablative modality for facial rejuvenation, as demonstrated by a novel 3D imaging modality.
Nivolumab‐induced plaque morphea in a malign melanoma patient
Authors: Acar Ayda , Oraloglu Gokturk , Yaman Banu , Karaarslan Isil 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundNivolumab is one of the targeted cancer therapy agent that acts to increase the immune responses by inhibition of antiprogrammed‐death‐receptor 1, which is one of the check points of the immune response. Nivolumab can be used to treat malign melanoma, lung, renal, head and neck, colorectal, hepatocellular cancers, and special cases of Hodgkin lymphoma.AimsWe aimed to report a rarer cutaneous side effect of nivolumab because of the increasing uses of this agent in various cancer treatments.MethodsWe present a 48‐year‐old female, metastatic melanoma patient who developed plaque morphea lesion without any systemic involvement during nivolumab treatment. Plaque lesion responded well to use of topical corticosteroid and calcipotriol.ResultsNumerous cutaneous side effects associated with nivolumab have been reported in the literature. The most common cutaneous side effects are maculopapular rash, pruritus, and vitiligo. Morphea and disorders from this spectrum reported due to PD‐1 inhibitors in the literature are; morphea, sclerodermoid changes, eosinophilic fasciitis, and lichen sclerosis.ConclusionPatients who are treated by PD‐1 inhibitors may be examined carefully in terms of morphea and scleroderma‐like conditions although they are not as common as other cutaneous side effects.
Embedded researchers in Australia: Survey of profile and experience across medical, nursing and midwifery and allied health disciplines
Authors: Mickan Sharon , Coates Dominiek 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study explores embedded researcher's age, qualifications, research environment and experience in healthcare and academic organisations in Australia and makes comparisons across three core professional disciplines of nursing and midwifery, medicine and allied health.BackgroundThe embedded researcher model, where a researcher is embedded as a core member of the clinical team, offers promise to support the implementation of research evidence into practice. Currently, there is a lack of clarity about how the model has been adopted across the three largest professional disciplines in Australian health care.DesignA cross‐sectional survey was designed and reported, using the STROBE Statement.MethodsA purposive sample of embedded researchers was invited to participate in an exploratory online survey. Embedded researchers worked, or had worked, for a minimum of 30% of their time, in a healthcare organisation doing research or building research capacity. Participant responses were extracted from the survey and imported into SPSS for analysis.ResultsPerspectives of 100 Australian embedded researchers were compared across nursing and midwifery (36%, n = 37), allied health (35%, n = 36) and medicine (26%, n = 27). Professional differences are reported in respondents’ qualifications and experience, employment conditions and their research cultures and environments. Comparatively, most nursing and midwifery embedded researchers were older, more clinically experienced than allied health respondents, who were more research qualified. Medical‐embedded researchers are typically older, more clinically experienced and focussed on producing personally relevant clinical research. Nursing and midwifery embedded researchers reported doing clinical research within their teams, as well as research capacity building, management and clinical practice roles.ConclusionsEmbedded researchers describe different career trajectories across the three largest professional disciplines in Australian health care.Relevance to clinical practiceEmbedded researchers from different professional disciplines enact their work differently. It appears that when they engage in research capacity building via a range of management and networking roles, embedded researchers contribute to their organisation's research culture and receive greater recognition for their achievements.
What affects programme engagement for Māori families? A qualitative study of a family‐based, multidisciplinary healthy lifestyle programme for children and adolescents
Authors: Wild Cervantée EK , Rawiri Ngauru T , Willing Esther J , Hofman Paul L , Anderson Yvonne C 
Published: December 2020

AimIt is important that intervention programmes are accessible and acceptable for groups most affected by excess weight. This study aimed to understand the barriers to and facilitators of engagement for Māori in a community‐based, assessment‐and‐intervention healthy lifestyle programme (Whānau Pakari).MethodsSixty‐four in‐depth, home‐based interviews were conducted with past service users. Half of these were with families with Māori children and half with non‐Māori families. The interviews were thematically analysed with peer debriefing for validity.ResultsMāori families experienced barriers due to racism throughout the health system and society, which then affected their ability to engage with the programme. Key barriers included the institutionalised racism evident through substantial structural barriers and socio‐economic challenges, the experience of interpersonal racism and its cumulative impact with weight stigma, and internalised racism and beliefs of biological determinism. Responses to these barriers were distrust of health services, followed by renewed engagement or complete disengagement. Participants identified culturally appropriate care as that which was compassionate, respectful, and focused on relationship building.ConclusionsWhile Whānau Pakari is considered appropriate due to the approach of the delivery team, this is insufficient to retain some Māori families who face increased socio‐economic and structural barriers. Past instances of weight stigma and racism have enduring effects when re‐engaging with future health services, and inequities are likely to persist until these issues are addressed within the health system and wider society.
Information literacy instruction in early childhood education: the school museum
Authors: Parisi‐Moreno Verónica , Llonch‐Molina Nayra , Selfa Moisés 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInstruction with primary sources promotes learner engagement and behavioural objectives. The school museum is a suitable resource for information literacy instruction in early childhood education. In this paper, we question conventional information literacy instruction. Drawing on a review of the scientific literature on information literacy and a review of educational policies, we argue that instructional innovation is needed in reading instruction in early childhood education. Based on the use of primary sources, we propose the interdisciplinary approach of the school museum as an alternative to the school library. This inquiry has implications for teacher effectiveness, student centred learning, reading motivation, and the school‐community relationship. Finally, we give some recommendations concerning school museum implementation and further research on the topic of school museums.
A mutation in the ribosomal protein uS12 reveals novel functions of its universally conserved PNSA loop
Authors: Datta Madhurima , Pillai Maalavika , Modak Mamata Jayant , Liiv Aivar , Khaja Faisal Tarique , Hussain Tanweer , Remme Jaanus , Varshney Umesh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe ribosomal protein uS12 is conserved across all domains of life. Recently, a heterozygous spontaneous mutation in human uS12 (corresponding to R49K mutation immediately downstream of the universally conserved 44PNSA47 loop in Escherichia coli uS12) was identified for causing ribosomopathy, highlighting the importance of the PNSA loop. To investigate the effects of a similar mutation in the absence of any wild‐type alleles, we mutated the rpsL gene (encoding uS12) in E. coli. Consistent with its pathology (in humans), we were unable to generate the R49K mutation in E. coli in the absence of a support plasmid. However, we were able to generate the L48K mutation in its immediate vicinity. The L48K mutation resulted in a cold sensitive phenotype and ribosome biogenesis defect in the strain. We show that the L48K mutation impacts the steps of initiation and elongation. Furthermore, the genetic interactions of the L48K mutation with RRF and Pth suggest a novel role of the PNSA loop in ribosome recycling. Our studies reveal new functions of the PNSA loop in uS12, which has so far been studied in the context of translation elongation.
An Open‐Label Pilot Study Investigating Noninvasive High‐Frequency Peripheral Nerve Fiber Stimulation in Chronic Pain
Authors: Hegarty Dominic A. , Bretherton Beatrice 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveProviding sustained and effective treatment via the peripheral nervous system for the management of chronic pain is challenging. Application of noninvasive high‐frequency stimulation at or near the painful area may benefit those with chronic pain. This open‐label pilot survey examined the impact of this stimulation on pain intensity, activities of daily living, functional capacity, and medication consumption after 2 weeks of treatment.MethodsStimulation was administered at home using the summation of two high‐frequency sinusoidal alternating signals at 3858 and 3980 Hz delivered between two electrodes placed directly over one or two locations of pain. Individuals completed a survey after 2 weeks to assess pain, activities of daily living (ADL), pain medication consumption, quality of life (QoL), mood, sleep, functional outcomes, and satisfaction.Results463 individuals (372 males; 91 females) retuned the completed survey after 2 weeks of treatment. Pain and ADL scores significantly improved at follow‐up compared with baseline (pain mean difference: 3.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.86, 3.24; ADL mean difference: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.60, 2.04). Corresponding improvements in QoL, sleep, mood, functional outcomes, and satisfaction were noted. On average, 8.00 ± 11.11 hours of pain relief were reported with 54% experiencing reductions in pain medication consumption. 98% would use the stimulation in the future.ConclusionTwo weeks of noninvasive high‐frequency peripheral nerve fiber stimulation appeared to confer positive effects in individuals with chronic pain. Future research employing a control group/arm is needed to establish the long‐term impact of this bioelectric technique in specific pain cohorts.
Taxonomic revisions based on genetic analysis of type specimens of Ulva conglobata, U. laetevirens, U. pertusa and U. spathulata (Ulvales, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Hughey Jeffery R. , Gabrielson Paul W. , Maggs Christine A. , Mineur Frédéric , Miller Kathy Ann 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARYGenetic analysis of type material of various Ulva species has shown that many names have been misapplied. DNA sequences of two of the specimens on the lectotype sheet of U. australis from South Australia showed that U. australis is conspecific with specimens called U. pertusa from Japan. However, type material of U. pertusa has not been sequenced, nor have other type specimens with type localities in Japan and Australia, including U. conglobata f. conglobata and U. conglobata f. densa from the former, and U. laetevirens and U. spathulata from the latter. To determine if these names have been correctly applied, targeted DNA sequencing of the rbcL gene was performed on (i) the lectotype specimen of U. laetevirens, (ii) the lectotype and two syntype specimens of U. pertusa, (iii) the lectotype and two syntype specimens of U. congoblata f. conglobata and (iv) two specimens on the holotype sheet of U. conglobata f. densa. In addition, high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) analysis was carried out on an isotype specimen of U. spathulata. Phylogenetic analysis of the resulting rbcL gene sequences supports the taxonomic conclusions that U. laetevirens, U. pertusa and U. spathulata are synonyms of U. australis, and U. conglobata f. conglobata and U. conglobata f. densa represent a single separate and distinct species, U. conglobata. These genetic data contribute to the taxonomy of Ulva and further demonstrate that analyzing DNA from type material is the only currently known reliable method to correctly apply names in this genus.