bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing environmental metabarcoding and trawling survey of demersal fish communities in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada
Authors: Afzali Seyedeh Fatemeh , Bourdages Hugo , Laporte Martin , Mérot Claire , Normandeau Eric , Audet Céline , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBiodiversity assessment is an important part of conservation management that ideally can be accomplished with noninvasive methods without influencing the structure and functioning of ecosystems. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has provided a promising tool to enable fast and comprehensive monitoring of entire ecosystems, but widespread adoption of this technique requires performance evaluations that compare it with conventional surveys. We compared eDNA metabarcoding and trawling data to evaluate their efficiency to characterize demersal fish communities in the Estuary and Gulf of Saint‐Lawrence, Canada. Seawater and bottom trawling samples were collected in parallel at 84 stations. For a subset of 30 of these stations, water was also collected at three different depths (15, 50, and 250 m) across the water column. An eDNA metabarcoding assay based on the 12S mitochondrial gene using the MiFish‐U primers was applied to detect fish eDNA. We detected a total of 88 fish species with both methods combined, with 72 species being detected by eDNA, 64 species detected by trawl, and 47 species (53%) overlapped between both methods. eDNA was more efficient for quantifying species richness, mainly because it detected species known to be less vulnerable to trawling gear. Our results indicated that the relative abundance estimated by eDNA and trawl is significantly correlated for species detected by both methods, while the relationship was also influenced by environmental variables (temperature, depth, salinity, and oxygen). Integrating eDNA metabarcoding to bottom trawling surveys could provide additional information on vertical fish distribution in the water column. Environmental DNA metabarcoding thus appears to be a reliable and complementary approach to trawling surveys for documenting fish biodiversity, including for obtaining relative quantitative estimates in the marine environment.
Towards additively manufacturing excavating tools for future robotic space exploration
Authors: Hofmann Douglas C. , Bordeenithikasem Punnathat , Tosi L. Phillipe , Hendry Morgan , Yahnker Christopher , Sunday Cecily , Pate Andre , Firdosy Samad , Iten Jeremy J. , Nuechterlein Jacob , Stolpe Moritz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMultiple metal alloys, that is, Ti‐6Al‐4 V, 316 L stainless steel, MS1 maraging steel, A2 tool steel, Inconel 625 with TiC and TiB2 reinforcement, and AMZ4 bulk metallic glass, were additively manufactured through laser powder bed fusion and tested as potential excavating tools for future robotic spacecraft landing on icy planetary bodies. Mechanical specific energy as a function of blade hardness was measured for each excavating tool as it trenched through soft and hard salt, where the salt is a regolith simulant for extraterrestrial ice. A2 tool steel, MS1 maraging steel, and bulk metallic glass cutting tools were shown to perform well in the experiments. A method for using the cutting tool as a sensor was also demonstrated.
Dynamic flood topographies in the Terai region of Nepal
Authors: Dingle E.H. , Creed M.J. , Sinclair H.D. , Gautam D. , Gourmelen N. , Borthwick A.G.L. , Attal M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFlood hazard maps used to inform and build resilience in remote communities in the Terai region of southern Nepal are based on outdated and static digital elevation models (DEMs), which do not reflect dynamic river configuration or hydrology. Episodic changes in river course, sediment dynamics, and the distribution of flow down large bifurcation nodes can modify the extent of flooding in this region, but these processes are rarely considered in flood hazard assessment. Here, we develop a 2D hydrodynamic flood model of the Karnali River in the Terai region of west Nepal. A number of scenarios are tested examining different DEMs, variable bed elevations to simulate bed aggradation and incision, and updating bed elevations at a large bifurcation node to reflect field observations. By changing the age of the DEM used in the model, a 9.5% increase in inundation extent was observed for a 20‐year flood discharge. Reducing horizontal DEM resolution alone resulted in a <1% change. Uniformly varying the bed elevation led to a 36% change in inundation extent. Finally, changes in bed elevation at the main bifurcation to reflect observed conditions resulted in the diversion of the majority of flow into the west branch, consistent with measured discharge ratios between the two branches, and a 32% change in inundation extent. Although the total flood inundation area was reduced (−4%), there was increased inundation along the west bank. Our results suggest that regular field measurements of bed elevation and updated DEMs following large sediment‐generating events, and at topographically sensitive areas such as large river bifurcations, could help improve model inputs in future flood prediction models. This is particularly important following flood events carrying large sediment loads out of mountainous regions that could promote bed aggradation and channel switching across densely populated alluvial river systems and floodplains further downstream. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Effect of titania‐silver nanocomposite particle concentration and thermal cycling on characteristics of sodium dodecyl sulfate added paraffin wax thermal energy storage material
Authors: Bose Prabhu , Amirtham Valan Arasu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present work focuses on analyzing the thermal properties of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 wt% of titania‐silver nanocomposite particles dispersed paraffin wax (NCDPW) PCM without and with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant for both non‐cycled and thermal cycled samples. NCDPW without and with SDS was prepared using electromagnetic stirring and ultrasonication process. 1 wt% titania‐silver NCDPW with SDS in the mass ratio of 1:0.25 (NCP:SDS) is identified as optimum with an enhancement in thermal conductivity of 66.59%, better thermal decomposition stability upto 372°C, good physical interaction between nanocomposite particles (NCP) and paraffin wax (PW). Also, an enhancement in thermal storage efficiency (97.15%), reduction in onset melting time (35.50%) and onset freezing time (29.23%) compared to PW even after several thermal cycling process is achieved. Further, it showed a reduction in melting onset temperature to 59.2°C, an enhancement in melting heat capacity potential by 7.2% and freezing heat capacity potential by 7.7% after thermal cycling process. On the whole, the thermal properties of the base PW are increased due to the addition of titania‐silver NCP with SDS proving it, a promising energy storage medium for thermal energy storage.
Identification and characterization of design fires and particle emissions to be used in performance‐based fire design of nuclear facilities
Authors: Perović Darko , Van Hees Patrick , Madsen Dan , Malmborg Vilhelm , Gren Louise , Pagels Joakim , Rios Oriol , La Mendola Saverio 
Published: July 2020

SummaryCERN operates one of the most complex particle accelerator facilities in the world. Several different hazards, including fires, are present and need to be investigated and reduced to a tolerable level. Toward this goal, CERN aims at developing a catalog containing detailed fire dynamics descriptions of combustible items present in its facilities. This paper contributes to this catalog in two ways. First, through the development of a design fire calculator for electrical cabinets that allows the determination of potential design fire curves for any number of electrical cabinets/racks. The second contribution was to experimentally characterize the smoke production rates and smoke particle properties of the most common cables and insulating oils used at CERN by coupling a fast particle mobility analyzer to a cone calorimeter. The two particle size modes (accumulation and nucleation mode) could be linked to the fire properties and heat release rate. Accumulation mode particles (~200 nm) were associated with high heat release rates and high soot emissions from the flame. This study identifies a necessity to consider ultrafine particle emissions with low mass emissions but high number emissions in relation to risk assessments pertaining to nuclear facilities and dispersion of radioactive aerosols to the surrounding environment.
Spannungszustände in Abraumförderbrückenkippen
Authors: Rosenzweig Tino , Szczyrba Sebastian , Kudla Wolfram 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIm Lausitzer Braunkohlerevier sind infolge des Braunkohlentagebaus ausgedehnte Innenkippenflächen entstanden, in denen unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen eine Gefährdung durch Bodenverflüssigung besteht. Eine spontane Bodenverflüssigung kann eintreten, wenn der ursprünglich herrschende Gleichgewichtszustand durch ein Initial gestört wird. Die nötige Initialenergie ist dabei direkt vom Spannungszustand abhängig. Durch die Verkippungstechnologie mit schrägen Schüttscheiben kann sich der Spannungszustand in Innenkippen vom Spannungszustand natürlich abgelagerter Böden unterscheiden. In einem aktiven Tagebau wurde daher ein umfangreiches Messprogramm umgesetzt, um den Spannungszustand in Innenkippen beim Überschütten und Fortschreiten des Tagebaus zu erfassen. Hierfür wurden 16 Spannungsmessstationen in vier Geberlagen und vier Messquerschnitten installiert und von einer F60‐Abraumförderbrücke (AFB) überschüttet. Dabei wurde an jeder Spannungsmessstation die Horizontalspannung in Strossenrichtung σxx und senkrecht zur Strossenrichtung σyy sowie die Vertikalspannung σzz gemessen. Die Messergebnisse wurden mit numerischen Berechnungen nachvollzogen. Die Messergebnisse und die Ergebnisse der numerischen Berechnungen zeigen, dass in Innenkippen kein homogener Spannungszustand vorherrscht, der allein über einen Erdruhedruckbeiwert beschrieben werden kann.
Neuartiger Nachweis für die Gebrauchstauglichkeit von Asphaltinnendichtungen in Staudämmen
Authors: Tynior Roger , Meier Thomas , von Wolffersdorff Peter‐Andreas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFür Staudämme sind Sicherheitsnachweise nach DIN 19700‐11 zu führen. Dazu gehört auch der Gebrauchstauglichkeitsnachweis für Asphaltinnendichtungen (AID). Danach dürfen nur begrenzte Verformungen auftreten, sodass es zu keinen Rissbildungen im Asphaltmaterial kommen kann. Für diese Dichtungsart liegt bisher kein allgemein verbindliches und in breiter Anwendung praktiziertes Berechnungsverfahren vor. Aufbauend auf dem Materialverhalten des Asphaltbetons wird als hinreichendes Hauptkriterium die Einhaltung definierter Grenzhauptspannungsverhältnisse formuliert, die nicht unterschritten werden dürfen. Als Zusatzkriterium sind definierte Grenzverformungen der Volumenänderung einzuhalten. Unter Verwendung eines vereinfachten Stoffmodells für den Asphaltbeton wird anhand eines adäquaten Finite‐Elemente‐(FE)‐Modells für einen Damm mit AID dieser Nachweis für die AID bei den maßgeblichen Belastungsfällen geführt.
Noninvasive Risk Stratification After HCV Eradication in Patients With Advanced Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Semmler Georg , Binter Teresa , Kozbial Karin , Schwabl Philipp , Hametner‐Schreil Stefanie , Zanetto Alberto , Gavasso Sabrina , Chromy David , Bauer David J.M. , Simbrunner Benedikt , Scheiner Bernhard , Bucsics Theresa , Stättermayer Albert F. , Pinter Matthias , Steindl‐Munda Petra , Schöfl Rainer , Russo Francesco Paolo , Simioni Paolo , Trauner Michael , Ferenci Peter , Reiberger Thomas , Mandorfer Mattias 
Published: July 2020

Background and Aims
Risk stratification after cure from hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a clinical challenge. We investigated the predictive value of noninvasive surrogates of portal hypertension (liver stiffness measurement [LSM] by vibration‐controlled transient elastography and von Willebrand factor/platelet count ratio [VITRO]) for development of hepatic decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with pretreatment advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) who achieved HCV cure.

Approach and Results
A total of 276 patients with pretreatment ACLD and information on pretreatment and posttreatment follow‐up (FU)‐LSM and FU‐VITRO were followed for a median of 36.6 months after the end of interferon‐free therapy. FU‐LSM (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC]: 0.875 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.796‐0.954]) and FU‐VITRO (AUROC: 0.925 [95% CI: 0.874‐0.977]) showed an excellent predictive performance for hepatic decompensation. Both parameters provided incremental information and were significantly associated with hepatic decompensation in adjusted models. A previously proposed combined approach (FU‐LSM < 12.4 kPa and/or FU‐VITRO < 0.95) to rule out clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH, hepatic venous pressure gradient ≥10 mm Hg) at FU assigned most (57.3%) of the patients to the low‐risk group; none of these patients developed hepatic decompensation. In contrast, in patients in whom FU‐CSPH was ruled in (FU‐LSM > 25.3 kPa and/or FU‐VITRO > 3.3; 25.0% of patients), the risk of hepatic decompensation at 3 years following treatment was high (17.4%). Patients within the diagnostic gray‐zone for FU‐CSPH (17.8% of patients) had a very low risk of hepatic decompensation during FU (2.6%). The prognostic value of this algorithm was validated in an internal (n = 86) and external (n = 162) cohort.

Conclusion
FU‐LSM/FU‐VITRO are strongly and independently predictive of posttreatment hepatic decompensation in HCV‐induced ACLD. An algorithm combining these noninvasive markers not only rules in or rules out FU‐CSPH, but also identifies populations at negligible versus high risk for hepatic decompensation. FU‐LSM/FU‐VITRO are readily accessible and enable risk stratification after sustained virological response, and thus facilitate personalized management.
Evaluation of a pharmacist's impact on antimicrobial prescribing in an urgent care center
Authors: Fabian Amy , Blaine Bruce , Linnertz Sara , Conn Kelly M. , Avery Lisa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe urgent care (UC) setting is an opportunity for pharmacists to promote antimicrobial stewardship (AS).ObjectivesThe primary objective is to determine compliance with antibiotic prescribing recommendations for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI), skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), upper respiratory tract infections (URI), and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) before, during, and after the presence of an AS pharmacist in an UC.MethodsSingle‐center, retrospective, observational, pre‐ (December 10, 2018‐January 6, 2019), intervention (January 7, 2019‐February 3, 2019), and post‐ (February 4, 2019‐March 3, 2019) study. All nonpregnant, adult patients with a chief complaint consistent with UTI, SSTI, URI, or LRTI were included. Patients transferred to another facility, not seen by a provider, presented for a follow‐up visit, with multiple sites of infection, or treated for a bite, wound, or surgical site infection were excluded. Compliance was a composite end point of guideline adherent antibiotic prescribing, empiric selection, duration, and/or dosage. Secondary outcomes included composite outcome components and subgroup analysis of disease states. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the intervention and other predictors of compliance.ResultsA total of 1930 patients were screened with 439 440, and 430 patients included in the pre‐, intervention, and post‐groups. Demographics were similar between groups, except for age (P = .001) and influenza diagnoses (P < .001). Likelihood of receiving guideline compliant therapy at pre‐intervention (57%), intervention (69%), and post‐intervention (73%) showed substantial improvement (P < .001). Controlling for background variables, participants were almost two times more likely to receive guideline compliant therapy at intervention than at pre‐intervention (odds ratio [OR] = 1.96, P < .001).ConclusionsAn AS pharmacist's presence in an UC significantly increased compliance with antibiotic prescribing recommendations. The largest impact was in reducing antibiotic treatment of viral infections and optimizing antibiotic dosing.
The effect of a multimodal stewardship approach on antibiotic prescribing for outpatients with acute respiratory tract infections: Order set implementation and education
Authors: Peterson Eric , Fergus Jonathan , Yost Christine , Qu Lihua , Chittick Paul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionAlthough antimicrobial stewardship initiatives in the outpatient setting have been increasing, the effect of order set implementation on antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) has not been fully established.ObjectiveThis study's objective was to determine the impact of order sets and education on antibiotic prescribing for ARTI in the outpatient setting.MethodsThis was a quasi‐experimental research study conducted from January 2015 through December 2016. The study was conducted at an adult ambulatory care clinic associated with a tertiary care medical center. Order sets and prescriber education were created and implemented to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of ARTI. The primary end point was a composite of antibiotic prescribing frequency for ARTI. Secondary objectives included antibiotic appropriateness, patients requiring follow‐up clinic visits, and development of Clostridioides difficile infection.ResultsA total of 3292 patients were included in the study. Unspecified respiratory tract infection (RTI) was the most common diagnosis. Antibiotic prescribing decreased from 33% to 24% in the postintervention period (relative risk 0.74 [0.64‐0.85], P = <.0005). Antibiotic appropriateness was increased in the postintervention period (70%‐85%, P = <.0005) and significant reductions in clinic revisits were observed in the postintervention group, from 2.3% to 0.2% (odds ratio 15.2 [3.6‐64.1], P = .0002).ConclusionsImplementation of order sets and education to aid in the management of ARTI at an outpatient clinic resulted in an overall decrease in antibiotic prescribing, improvements in antibiotic appropriateness, and decreased 30‐day clinic revisits. Order sets and education should be considered as a part of a multimodal approach to outpatient antimicrobial stewardship.
In vivo immunotoxicity of Gd2O3:Eu3+ nanoparticles and the associated molecular mechanism
Authors: Zheng Cunjing , Tian Xiumei , Cai Jing , Huang Long , Wang Shunxin , Yang Fanwen , Ma Yanping , Xie Fukang , Li Li 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe in vivo toxicity of Gd2O3:Eu3+ nanoparticles (NPs) used as dual‐modal nanoprobes for molecular imaging has not been studied, and the corresponding molecular mechanism of immunotoxicity remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity, in vitro apoptosis, and in vivo immunotoxicity of Gd2O3:Eu3+ NPs. The NPs showed little immunotoxicity to BALB/c mice. We explored the possible role of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway and found that reactive oxygen species could act as secondary messengers in cellular signaling, inhibiting PI3K expression in the liver. The immune suppression caused by PI3K inhibition helped the mice adapt to stress. The immunotoxicities caused by Gd2O3:Eu3+ and gadodiamide, a commonly used contrast agent, were not significantly different, and the mice were able to tolerate the immunotoxicity caused Gd2O3:Eu3+ NPs in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results suggest that Gd2O3:Eu3+ NPs are sufficiently biocompatible to be used safely in preclinical applications and show promise as bio‐imaging agents. Moreover, the in vivo molecular mechanism of immunotoxicity caused by the Gd2O3:Eu3+ NPs provides a platform for further research on the immunotoxicity of nano‐sized biomaterials.
Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits Ca2+ influx and downregulates CaSR by upregulating microRNA‐16 in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
Authors: Liu Jin‐jun , Tang Ming‐ming , Zhu Ming‐li , Xie Cai‐xia , Kang Pin‐fang , Ling Xuan , Zhang Heng , Wang Xiao‐jing , Tang Bi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDocosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is reported to have the potential to ameliorate pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), while the specific mechanism is still obscure. This study aims to investigate the function of DHA in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and explore the underlying mechanism. In our study, DHA was used to incubate PASMCs. Cytosolic‐free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) was measured using Fluo‐3 AM method. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect microRNA‐16 (miR‐16) and calcium‐sensing receptor (CaSR) messenger RNA expression levels. CCK‐8 assay, BrdU assay, and Transwell assay were employed to detect the effects of DHA on proliferation and migration of PASMCs. CaSR was confirmed as a direct target of miR‐16 using dual‐luciferase assay, polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis. It was found that DHA significantly inhibited PASMC proliferation and migration and decreased [Ca2+]cyt. After transfection of miR‐16 mimics, proliferation and migration ability of PASMCs were significantly inhibited, whereas opposite effects were observed after miR‐16 inhibition. [Ca2+]cyt was also inhibited by miR‐16 transfection. DHA then promoted the expression of miR‐16, and the effects of DHA on PASMCs were annulled when miR‐16 was inhibited. CaSR was identified as a direct target of miR‐16. CaSR was inhibited directly by miR‐16 and indirectly by DHA. In conclusion, DHA inhibits the proliferation and migration of PASMCs, and probably ameliorates PAH via regulating miR‐16/CaSR axis.
Evaluation on the separated effect of 13 hemoglobin variants by a new automatic Hba1c analyzer
Authors: Li Rui , Tang Huamei , Kan Lijuan , Xiong Dan , Cheng Xuedi , Xu Yan , Liu Xiancheng , Zhang Xiuming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a new type of automatic glycated hemoglobin analyzer on the separation of abnormal hemoglobin.MethodsSamples diagnosed as hemoglobin variants by capillary electrophoresis and gene testing were selected, and HbA1c analyzer was used for separation and detection.ResultsA total of 13 hemoglobin variants in 40 samples could be separated from the normal peaks.ConclusionsThe variant mode of hemoglobin HbA1c can identify a variety of hemoglobin variants, and the type of variants can be preliminarily determined according to the retention time and characteristic peak shape of the variants.