bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medication Management Capacity Among Older Residents of Low-Income Apartment Buildings
Authors: Badawoud Amal , Parsons Pamela , Lu Juan , Peron Emily , Salgado Teresa , Slattum Patricia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
MMC is an essential component of safe and independent living. This cross-sectional study was designed to assess MMC among low-income older persons residing in HUD-subsidized housing, located at one of five apartment buildings in urban Richmond, VA. Medication Management Instrument for Deficiencies in the Elderly (MedMaIDE) was used to measure MMC during individual, face-to-face interviews. Of the 107 participants, 89% were African-American with an average age of 68.5 years (±7.2), an average of 4.9 (±2.9) comorbidities and using approximately 8 (±4.1) medications on a regular basis. The mean deficit in MMC was 3 (±2.0). The most difficult skill was naming all of the medications (69.2%) followed by stating the indication (46.7%) and knowing how or when all of the medications should be taken or identifying existing refills (38.3%). Many older residents of low-income housing experience challenges in managing medications.
Nutritional Strategies to Counteract Mitochondrial Dysfunction and NAD+ Deficiency in Human Sarcopenia
Authors: Feige Jerome 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The causes of impaired skeletal muscle mass and strength during aging are well-studied in healthy populations. Less is known on pathological age-related muscle wasting and weakness termed sarcopenia, which directly impacts physical autonomy and survival. We compared genome-wide transcriptional changes of sarcopenia versus age-matched controls in muscle biopsies from 119 older men of different ethnicity. Individuals with sarcopenia demonstrate a prominent transcriptional signature of mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction in skeletal muscle, with low PGC-1α/ERRα signalling, and downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial proteostasis genes. These changes translate functionally into fewer mitochondria, reduced bioenergetic activity, and NAD+ deficiency in sarcopenic muscle. Our results point to mitochondrial homeostasis as a key mediator of pathological muscle aging. Novel nutritional solutions enhancing muscle strength and performance by enhancing mitochondrial function are being tested clinically and will be reviewed. These include activating mitophagy with Urolithin A or restoring NAD+ levels via tryptophane/kynurenine or with nicotinamide riboside.
Measuring Impact and Sustainability of Evidence-Based Dementia Care Treatment in the Community
Authors: Cigliana Jill , Burch Kari , Mueller Nancy , Bajracharya Smriti 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Through a collaborative agreement with the Administration for Community Living, Memory Care Home Solutions translated the evidence-based program (EBP) Care of Persons with Dementia in their Environments (COPE) into community practice as a covered benefit through Medicare and commercial health insurance for people living with dementia. While many studies have demonstrated the efficacy of family-centered behavioral interventions for this population, few of these interventions have been translated from academic studies into successful community practice. This session will describe the process of translating an EBP into community practice utilizing social work and occupational therapy interventionists with a diverse population of people living in both urban and rural areas of Missouri and Illinois, including modifications required and lessons learned in rural service delivery. Attendees will gain an understanding of the translation process, differential treatment outcomes for people living with dementia and care partners and Medicare billing mechanisms for sustainability.
The Aging Brain: Crossroad of Normal Aging and Dementia
Authors: Tian Qu , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The functional consequences of the aging brain include several aspects of physical and cognitive decline that ultimately cause loss of mobility and dementia. Although in certain individuals, the cognitive and physical correlates of the aging brain occur in parallel, others show decline in one of these functional parameters. Underlying mechanism of this complex process that lead to different manifestations is not well understood. Proposed mechanisms include brain structural changes, tau pathology, specific white matter degeneration, metabolic derangement mostly including lipids metabolism and others. This symposium aims to address the complexity of the aging brain by showcasing studies that span the continuum from normal aging to dementia using data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). The wealth of neuroimaging and phenotype data from the BLSA provides the unique opportunity to investigate neural substrates and predictors of aging phenotype, and mechanisms of age-related neurodegeneration and pathology, such as dementia, and loss of mobility. First, we identify multimodal neuroimaging predictors of important aging phenotypes of gait decline (Sargent/Tian) and memory decline (Bilgel). Second, using advanced quantitative MRI technology, we investigate underlying mechanisms of age-related white matter degeneration through potential oligodendrocyte metabolism (Bouhrara). Third, we demonstrate unique cognitive and neuroimaging profiles of dual memory and gait decline (Tian) and neural substrates for bile acids, the primary cholesterol breakdown products (Varma) in relation to dementia. We seek to generate discussions of mechanisms of the aging brain that connect the age-related phenotypes, such as decline of mobility and cognition, to the development of dementia.
Patterns of Daily Physical Activity Across the Spectrum of Visual Field Damage in Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Schrack Jennifer , E Jian-Yu , Mihailovic Aleksandra , Wanigatunga Amal , West Sheila , Gitlin Laura , Li Tianjing , Ramulu Pradeep 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Visual impairment (VI) has been linked with low physical activity (PA) and higher risk of poor function with aging, yet how VI affects daily patterns of physical activity (PA) is undefined. We assessed the association between visual field (VF) damage and: (i) activity fragmentation and (ii) diurnal patterns of PA in 237 glaucoma patients (mean age=70.6, 51.5% men). PA was measured using the Actical hip-worn accelerometer and VF damage was defined by average VF sensitivity. In adjusted linear models, each 5-dB decrement in IVF sensitivity was associated with 16.3 fewer active minutes/day and 2% higher activity fragmentation (both p&lt;.05). In time-of-day analyses, those with lower IVF sensitivity were less active, but this did not vary by time-of-day. Older adults with worse VF damage demonstrate shorter, more fragmented bouts of PA throughout the day, which may reflect lower physiologic functioning. Future work should examine the temporality of this association.
Does Gerofit Exercise Reduce Veterans’ Use of Emergency Department and Inpatient Care?
Authors: Abbate Lauren , Li Jiejin , Veazie Peter , Intrator Orna , Lee Cathy , Katzel Leslie , Pearson Megan , Morey Miriam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Little is known about the relationship between exercise and health care utilization in older adults. This study examined hospitalizations/emergency Department (ED) visits in the 12 months prior to and during 12 months of active Gerofit participation (across 5 sites). Data were compared for each outcome to a propensity matched nearest neighbor sample from the same site [Mean, 95% CI]. Of the 226 Veterans who were active in the program for ≥12 months and enrolled in VA and Traditional Medicare for 12 months prior to Gerofit participation, hospitalizations/ED visits were greater prior to (15.3%/42.0%) than during (6.8%/37.1%) Gerofit participation. Gerofit participants were 8% less likely to have a hospitalization in the 12 months following enrollment than controls [-0.08 (-0.14, -0.02)] but no between-group differences in ED use [-0.00 (-0.11, 0.10)] were observed. Participation in Gerofit may reduce hospitalizations, but its impact on ED use is inconclusive.
Association of Food Insecurity and Sarcopenia: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
Authors: Batsis John , Petersen Curtis , Gooding Tyler 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Understanding the association between food insecurity and sarcopenia can inform policies that address healthcare disparities. We identified 2,965 subjects aged ≥60 years with grip strength and food security data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2011-14. Sarcopenia was defined using grip strength &lt;26kg for men and &lt;16kg for women, and food security with the 18-item US Household Food Security Survey. Logistic regression evaluated the association of food insecurity (referent = full security) with sarcopenia, adjusting for age, sex, marital status, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, smoking, and comorbidities. Mean age (% female) was 76.6 (60.9%) and 68.9 years (53.4%) with and without sarcopenia, respectively. Sarcopenia prevalence was 8.4%. Rates of full food security were higher in those without sarcopenia (90% vs. 84.2%;p&lt;0.001). Food insecurity was strongly associated with sarcopenia (OR 1.79 [1.18, 2.72]), suggesting a need for both longitudinal and interventional studies to target these disparities.
Innovative Interventions: Caring for Persons With Alzheimer’s Disease and Their Caregivers
Authors: Andersen Stacy , Gibson Allison , Marx Katherine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
There are 5.8 million Americans living with Alzheimer’s disease and more than 16 million Americans providing unpaid care for people with AD and related dementias. Since a treatment that can slow or stop progression of this disease has yet to be discovered, novel interventions are sorely needed to maintain cognitive function and quality of life among individuals with dementia, improve the health and well-being of caregivers, and provide assistance in caregiving duties. This symposium addresses novel interventions in the dementia care continuum ranging from social and leisure activities for improving cognition to incorporation of emerging technologies to assist with caregiving and provides recommendations and priorities for future studies. The first presentation introduces evidence that participation in an intergenerational choir can improve cognition, social connectedness, and quality of life among people with dementia and their caregivers. The second presentation systematically assesses recent randomized controlled trials of computerized cognitive training (i.e., brain games) aimed at improving cognitive function among individuals with cognitive impairment or dementia. The third presentation examines the evidence that interventions employing artificial intelligence such as robots may improve care for persons with Alzheimer’s disease and caregivers’ quality of life and provides suggestions for future studies to better assess the efficacy of these interventions. The session concludes with a presentation on a survey method used to build consensus among a panel of experts across academia and industry which identified the emerging technologies that are expected to become the most prevalent in dementia care and provides recommendations for limiting associated risks.
Music and Brain Health: Recommendations From the Global Council on Brain Health, an AARP Collaborative
Authors: Lock Sarah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Music is a complex auditory stimulus that resonates on a physiological, psychological, and spiritual level for people around the world. This symposium will provide highlights from the Global Council on Brain Health consensus report aimed at helping the public to understand the potential that music holds for supporting and enriching brain health. The Global Council on Brain Health (GCBH) is an independent collaborative of scientists, clinicians, scholars, and policy experts convened by AARP to provide evidence-based advice on what people and professionals can do to maintain and improve brain health. The Council translates scientific research into actionable recommendations for the public that will help drive behavior change in individuals across communities and cultures. Issue specialists from around the world were brought together to build consensus, issue recommendations, and offer practical tips. Moreover, we will feature research from our issue experts and provide an overview of the impact of music participation on older adults, including those with dementia. Data from surveys fielded by AARP research, developed in consultation with the GCBH, will also be featured. In sum, this presentation will highlight the work of the Council at the forefront of this international effort to translate advancements in brain health research to the wider public, with an emphasis on individuals aged50 and older.
Me & My Wishes Videos: Congruence of End-of-Life Preferences Between Residents With Dementia, Family, and Staff
Authors: Neller Sarah , Towsley Gail , Wong Bob 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Me & My Wishes are person-centered videos of long term care residents (ages 65-95) living with dementia discussing their preferences for care including end-of-life (EOL) medical intervention. We evaluated the congruence of six EOL treatment preferences between the residents’ personal videos, medical records (e.g. advance directive), and surveys of family (n= 49) and staff (n=37; 118 responses) knowledge of their preferences. Results were highly discordant. Treatments with the most discordance when comparing videos to comparison groups were IV fluids (medical record, 57.1%) and life support (family, 69.4%; staff, 82.2%). Residents reported EOL treatments were considered acceptable if they were temporary, would relieve suffering, or enabled a return to baseline health. These caveats may lead to discordance if they are not conveyed to family or staff. Our findings highlight the need for conversations among residents living with dementia and their caregivers to improve understanding, congruence and adherence of resident EOL preferences.
Impact of Pain and Discomfort on the Lives of Cognitively Impaired Older Adults and Their Informal Caregivers
Authors: Noh Hyunjin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This qualitative study explored the impact of pain and discomfort on the lives of cognitively impaired older adults and their caregivers from the caregiver perspective. Forty-three individuals of age 19+, who identified themselves as primary caregiver to a chronically or seriously ill older adult (age 50+) with cognitive impairment, such as Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia, were recruited at various community settings. Individual, face-to-face interviews were conducted to ask participants how they thought their care-recipient’s pain and discomfort affected the care-recipient’s and the caregiver’s life respectively. Inductive, thematic analysis of interview transcripts revealed several key themes: compromised mobility, limited social interaction or activities, and depressive symptoms in both care-recipients and caregivers; aggravated cognitive decline in care-recipients; and poorer physical health in caregivers. Participants wanted more information on the disease trajectory and available services, particularly home-based therapies and social activities for care-recipients, which provides future program/practice implications.
Defining the Participatory Aspect in Health and Dementia Care Research
Authors: Roes Martina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the last decade, the terms ’engagement’, ‘involvement’, ‘patient-public involvement (PPI)’ and/or ‘participatory research’ have been increasingly used in literature. However, it seems that each author has their own definition of the terms and there is not consensus on what constitutes engagement, involvement or participation in health care research. In a broad sense, it seems that PPI can be understood as a co-design strategy, but the terms are not used consistently. Definitions of participation in research tend toward describing the methodological aspect of research rather than mapping appropriate use of methods. Representation of the diversity of society is also challenging and involvement of people with dementia is often neglected. To improve participatory research and outcomes, it is valuable to understand applied methods. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of literature reviews that analyzed methodological concepts and application of these participatory concepts. This presentation will provide key results of this review. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Patient/Person Engagement in Research Interest Group.
Dual Sensory Impairment and Cognitive Performance, MCI, and Dementia in Older Adults: The ARIC Neurocognitive Study
Authors: Deal Jennifer , Park Junghyun , Reed Nicholas , Abraham Alison , Lin Frank , Windham B Gwen , Sharrett A Richey 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Dual sensory impairment (DSI) affects 11.3% of adults aged ≥80 years. Hearing and vision impairments are each associated with cognitive decline and dementia, but DSI’s impact is unknown. All-cause dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were adjudicated using longitudinal cognitive information. Ten neurocognitive tests were summarized using latent variable methods. Hearing was measured using pure tone better-ear thresholds (0.5-4 kHz) and vision with better-eye presenting distance visual acuity and/or contrast sensitivity. In 881 adults (79±4 years, 44% black, 64% female), DSI (vs. no hearing or vision impairment) was cross-sectionally associated with -0.17 standard deviations (SD) [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.32, -0.02] lower global cognitive score and an 87% increased odds (95% CI: 1.01, 3.45) of combined MCI/dementia, after full adjustment for demographic and clinical factors. Future longitudinal research should elucidate the mechanism underlying this association to determine if treatment can delay cognitive decline and MCI/dementia in older adults.
Hearing Loss and Frailty Among Older Adults: The ARIC Neurocognitive Study
Authors: Reed Nicholas , Garcia-Morales Emmanuel , Palta Priya , Lin Frank , Coresh Josef , Schrack Jennifer , Deal Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Hearing Loss (HL) is common among older adults and is associated with factors (e.g., walking speed and social isolation) that may mediate an association with frailty. In the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, frailty was defined as a composite variable (unintentional weight loss, energy expenditure, walking speed, low energy, and grip strength) while HL was measured using pure-tone audiometry. Among, 3179 participants in 2015-2017, 251 (7.9%) were frail. In a model adjusted for demographic and clinical risk factors, mild HL (n=1263; Odds Ratio[OR]=1.42; 95%Confidence Interval[CI]=1.01-2.01) and moderate HL (n=854; OR=1.67; 95%CI=1.09-2.55) were associated with higher odds of frailty relative to those without HL (n=1063). Among participants who completed an ARIC visit 2-years later, the odds of developing frailty tended to be higher among those with mild (OR=1.46; 95%CI=0.91-2.33) and moderate HL (OR=1.43; 95%CI=0.77-2.67). Future research should focus on mechanisms underlying association and determine the impact of treatment of HL. Part of a symposium sponsored by Sensory Health Interest Group.
Changing Safety Net Healthcare Systems to Age-Friendly Healthcare Systems: Lessons Learned
Authors: Faul Anna , Tumosa Nina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC) are important safety net providers in disadvantaged communities. As outpatient clinics in these areas, they qualify for specific reimbursement systems under Medicare and Medicaid. Age-friendly health care is an urgent need to be able to provide quality healthcare to more than 46 million Americans age 65 and older, with that number projected to double to more than 98 million by 2060. Friendly healthcare systems require a focus on the 4Ms framework and is focused on improving the health of people at every life stage and in every community across the country. The 4Ms are as follows: 1) What Matters: Aligning care with each older adult’s specific health outcome goals and care preferences; 2) Medications: If medications are necessary, use age-friendly medications that do not interfere with What Matters, Mentation or Mobility; 3) Mentation: Prevent, identify, treat and manage depression, dementia and delirium across settings of care and 4) Mobility: Ensure that older adults move safely every day in order to maintain function and do What Matters. An age-friendly health system is one in which every older adult’s care is guided by these evidence-based practices (the 4Ms), where the care causes no harms, and where the care is consistent with what matters to older adults and their families. In this symposium five Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Programs at five diverse universities will share their experiences with supporting FQHC in their areas to become age-friendly healthcare systems. The unique lessons learned at these different sites will be shared.
Art for a Lifetime
Authors: Schramel Alexis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Art for a lifetime was a bi-weekly programming opportunity in a long-term care (LTC) community taught by students and faculty. We predicted that 1) Resident physical and mental abilities may influence art-making preferences and 2) residents would be concerned about their perceived lack of creativity. Findings revealed that residents with arthritis preferred working with larger forms (e.g., collage and sculpture) and residents with dementia preferred working with bright, colorful materials. Private one-on-one sessions were beneficial for increasing resident confidence and for working on individual projects. Programming also allowed for increased social opportunities among residents, offering occasions to reflect on life experiences. Overall, facilitators of art programming need to quickly adjust and adapt programming based on resident abilities and preferences. Expanding art programming to other long-term care facilities is important for providing increased opportunities for autonomy and decision making, areas that often become more limited when living in LTC.
Associations of Living Environment Attributes with Attitudes Towards Aging Among Older Adults in Shanghai China
Authors: Ye Minzhi , Chen Lin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study examined the relationships between several attributes of living environment and attitudes towards aging among persons of age 75 years and older in Shanghai, China. The data were collected using self-administered surveys in a study of successful aging in 2018. Respondents included 139 persons of age 75 years and older living in 12 neighborhoods in Shanghai. Attitudes towards aging were measured by indices of happiness, time use and worry about the future. Using BaiduMap and GIS ArcPro, we quantified accessibility to neighborhood living resources as numbers of recreational facilities, medical facilities, parks, and grocery stores located within 500 meters of each respondent’s home. The analysis found that more positive attitudes towards aging were correlated with less depressive symptom as measured by CES-D and greater numbers of neighborhood resources near home, especially greater number of grocery stores near home. In conclusion, accessibility to neighborhood resources may influence attitudes towards aging.