bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food, nutrition and dining information on residential aged care facility websites: A website analysis
Authors: Tan Zavier Kok Shen , Pashley Alice , Ball Lauren , Wright Olivia Renee Louise , Bartrim Karly 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveHigh‐quality food, nutrition and dining are essential tenets of residential aged care facilities (RACF). Residential aged care facilities provide website information on their services for prospective residents, which may offer insight into food, nutrition and dining practices. This study aimed to describe the food, nutrition and dining information on RACF websites.MethodsA cross‐sectional website analysis was conducted on Southeast Queensland (SEQ) RACF websites. Food, nutrition and dining data were extracted verbatim under domains of nutrition care processes, food and menu planning, eating assistance and mealtime experiences, with further subdomains under each. Quantitative content analysis was conducted to describe the information reported on websites, descriptive statistics were used to describe RACF characteristics, and Pearsons χ2 analyses were performed to detect associations between different food, nutrition and dining practices and RACF characteristics.ResultsA total of 268 websites were reviewed. Food, nutrition and dining information were limited, with no subdomains mentioned by all websites. The most frequently mentioned subdomains were the foodservice model (64%, n = 171), allied health services (72%, n = 173) and communal dining (73%, n = 193). Assistive/adaptive equipment to support independence (0%, n = 0), personalised nutrition care plan (0%, n = 1) and reference to food, nutrition or food safety standards (2%, n = 5) were the least mentioned subdomains. Facility characteristics had minimal associations with subdomains.ConclusionsThere are opportunities for RACF to improve the information on food, nutrition and dining information on websites to increase transparency to future residents. The subdomains developed in this study could provide guidance to RACF to enhance online information.
Expression of toll‐like receptors in recurrent pleomorphic adenoma and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
Authors: Jauhiainen Maria K. , Markkanen Anttoni , Atula Timo , Aro Katri , Haglund Caj , Söderlund‐Venermo Maria , Mäkitie Antti A. , Sinkkonen Saku T. , Hagström Jaana 
Published: December 2024

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is a benign salivary gland tumour that may recur or undergo malignant transformation (CXPA). Toll‐like receptors (TLR) mediate immune responses triggered by various agents such as viruses and are related to tumour formation either by stimulating or suppressing their growth, with variation across different tumour entities. We compared TLR immunohistochemical expression in PA, its recurrent counterparts and CXPA and evaluated the effect of virus presence in these tumours. We studied the expression of TLR‐2, ‐3, ‐5, ‐7 and ‐9 in 25 PA, 34 recurrent PA and 15 CXPA tumour samples. In addition, we examined the TLR expression levels in the presence and absence of herpes‐, polyoma‐ and parvovirus DNA in a subset of tumours (n = 20). CXPA expressed significantly more TLR‐5 and TLR‐9 in the nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane compared with benign PA. The presence of virus DNA did not notably affect the TLR expression. TLR expression patterns seem to reflect tumour behaviour but are independent of the presence of viruses tested in this study.
Prediction of pork loin storage period using a compact impedance device
Authors: Terada Kei , Okabe Shuichi , Otsuka Makoto 
Published: December 2024

AbstractManagement of storage period is essential for meat. The purpose of this study was to develop a technique for predicting storage period in pork loins using a compact impedance‐measuring device. Eight measurement positions were placed on pork loin block meat from five fattening pigs, and impedance values at frequencies of 2 and 100 kHz, modified K values (mK values), which are derived from nucleotide‐related substances were collected during storage ranging from 0 to 14 days. We developed regression equations using the storage days or mK values as the objective variable and both the impedance ratio (2 kHz/100 kHz) and the 100 kHz impedance value as the explanatory variable for one‐position measurements, obtaining the coefficients of determination of 0.80 and 0.79, respectively. These results indicated that the compact impedance‐measuring device can be used to predict the storage days of pork loins. In this study, we developed a simple technique for predicting pork loin storage period using a compact impedance‐measuring device that can be applied nondestructively in the meat processing industry.
Reframing thalassaemia syndrome as a benign haematopoietic stem cell disorder
Authors: Maggio Aurelio , Napolitano Mariasanta , Taher Ali T. , Bou‐Fakhredin Rayan , Ostuni Mariano Anibal 
Published: December 2024

SummaryThalassaemia, caused by over 250 mutations in the beta globin gene, changes the haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation, leading to ineffective erythropoiesis. This Wider Perspective article overlooks its underlying nature as a benign HSC disorder with a significant impact on the erythroid cell lineage. The simplicity of managing symptoms through transfusions and iron chelation therapy has shifted the focus away from the development of cell‐based treatments. The identification of the beta039 mutation by Chang and Kan in 1979 marked a turning point, suggesting as main approach the molecular level by correcting the beta globin chain imbalances through gene insertion and editing. However, challenges of technology have delayed the implementation of these strategies for over four decades. In contrast, the past two decades have witnessed significant advances in the treatment of HSC disorders of the myeloid clone which are driven by a ‘target cell strategy’. Many current and innovative treatments for thalassaemia are now adopting this approach, highlighting the importance of identifying suitable candidates through risk stratification. This manuscript explores the evolving understanding of thalassaemia syndromes as congenital HSC disorders of the erythroid clone and examines the implications of this perspective for the development of future treatments.
Pharmacodynamics of the orexin type 1 (OX1) receptor in colon cancer cell models: A two‐sided nature of antagonistic ligands resulting from partial dissociation of Gq
Authors: Gratio Valérie , Dragan Paulina , Garcia Laurine , Saveanu Loredana , Nicole Pascal , Voisin Thierry , Latek Dorota , Couvineau Alain 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeOrexins have important biological effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems. Their primary ability is to regulate the sleep–wake cycle. Orexins and their antagonists, via OX1 receptor have been shown to have proapoptotic and antitumor effects on various digestive cancers cell models. We investigated, (1) the ability of orexin‐A and its antagonists to regulate OX1 receptor expression at the cell surface and (2), how OX1 antagonists induced proapoptotic effect in cancer cells models.Experimental ApproachThe OX1 receptor internalisation is determined by imaging flow cytometry in colon cancer cell models and the OX1 receptor coupling to G proteins via bioluminescence resonance energy transfer and molecular dynamic simulation.Key ResultsOrexin‐A induced rapid receptor internalisation within 15 min via β‐arrestin 2 recruitment, whereas antagonists had no effect. Furthermore, Gq is critical for receptor internalisation and signalling pathways, and no other G proteins appear to be recruited. Surprisingly, antagonists induced recruitment and conformational changes in Gq protein. Simulated molecular dynamics of agonists/orexin receptor/Gq complexes show that antagonists exhibits a similar binding mode, stable at the binding site and show conformational changes of ECL2, similar to that of the agonists.Conclusion and ImplicationsOX1 receptor activation induced orexin/β‐arrestin‐dependent internalisation, which was independent of the apoptotic pathway induced by orexins and antagonists. In addition, antagonists activate the Gq protein, suggesting its putative partial dissociation. These results suggest that the development of OX1 receptor targeting molecules, including orexin antagonists with antitumor properties, may pave the way for innovative cancer therapies.
Reference Ranges and Determinants of Thyroid Function and TSH Receptor Antibodies During Early Pregnancy in Nepal
Authors: Bakken Kjersti S. , Niraula Apeksha , Chandyo Ram K. , Ulak Manjeswori , Shrestha Laxman , Sharma Vijay Kumar , Strand Tor A. , Korevaar Tim I. M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveDifferent definitions of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy may lead to under or overtreatment. The aims of this study were to (1) define population‐based pregnancy‐specific reference ranges for thyroid dysfunction during early pregnancy in Nepal and assess the impact of antibody positivity, (2) quantify the diagnostic impact of population‐based reference ranges compared with current practice and (3) assess the determinants of thyroid function and antibody positivity.MethodsA total of 800 healthy pregnant women aged 20–40 years in the Bhaktapur municipality were included. Population‐based reference ranges for thyroid hormones levels were defined as 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles using competitive immunoluminometric assay design. Thyroid disease cases and those with recommended treatment indications were calculated using current non‐pregnancy new reference ranges. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify the determinants of thyroid hormones and antibody levels.ResultsMedian gestational age was 11 weeks. The reference interval was 0.05–3.69 µLU/mL for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and 8.89–15.28 pg/mL for free tetraiodothyronine (fT4) after excluding thyroid peroxidase antibody‐positive women. Compared with the current non‐pregnancy reference ranges, the new calculations increased the number of women who required treatment from 5 to 12 (0.9% increase). We identified 19 women (2.4%) who were positive for TSH receptor antibody (TRAb). We could not identify the determinants of TRAb positivity, and TRAb positivity was not associated with TSH or fT4 levels.ConclusionsWe found meaningful changes using population‐based pregnancy‐specific TSH and fT4 reference intervals and encourage further studies in other low‐ and middle‐income settings. Our findings suggest that population screening for TRAb is not clinically meaningful.Trial RegistrationClinical Trial Registration: U1111‐1183‐4093.
Implication of GPRASP2 in the Proliferation and Hair Cell‐Forming of Cochlear Supporting Cells
Authors: Cai Jing , Huang Kun , Li Wenrui , Wang Tianming , Yue Shen , Chen Zhibin , Xing Guangqian , Wei Qinjun , Yao Jun , Cao Xin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTG protein‐coupled receptor‐associated sorting protein 2 (GPRASP2) has been identified as the causative gene for X‐linked recessive syndromic hearing loss (SHL) in our previous study. However, the role of GPRASP2 in auditory function remains unclear. The present study demonstrated that Gprasp2 overexpression in mouse organoids promoted the proliferation of supporting cells (SCs), which was mainly mediated by the Hedgehog signalling pathway. Meanwhile, GPRASP2 promoted hair cell (HC) formation from SCs via β‐catenin signalling. In addition, GPRASP2 deficiency resulted in increased lysosomal degradation of SMO protein, leading to decreased expression of β‐catenin and the Hedgehog pathway transcription factor GLI1. In neomycin‐treated mouse cochlear explant, the smoothened agonist (SAG) recured the HC loss and further facilitated AAV‐ie‐Gprasp2 to promote the proliferation of SCs and formation of HCs. Our results suggested that GPRASP2 could be a potential candidate for gene therapy in the regeneration of HCs.
A Qualitative Analysis of Students' Perceptions and Experiences of Stressors and Well‐Being in Dentistry
Authors: Chan Charlotte Cheuk Kwan , Fok Elise Hoi Wan , Botelho Michael George 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionWell‐being is increasingly regarded as an integral component of a graduating dentist's professional responsibility, yet studies demonstrate significant levels of stress and poor mental health in the dental student population. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore final‐year dental students' perceptions of stressors in dentistry and their experiences of managing their individual well‐being and supporting the well‐being of their colleagues and patients.MethodsA literature search was performed to guide the development of an interview framework which included questions centred around three higher domains based on self, peers and patients. Participants were randomly sampled and the interviews audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. An inductive‐deductive approach was adopted for thematic analysis of the results.ResultsFourteen interviews were conducted, revealing four themes and 15 subthemes. Students were acutely aware of poor well‐being symptoms amongst themselves and their peers. Treating dental patients with mental illness was common but some students expressed uncertainties in managing these patients. The key stressors were assessments and clinical stress. Students frequently sought support from peers and half had received professional help. Barriers to approaching faculty staff were identified. The role of stigma in preventing students from openly sharing their well‐being experiences was discussed.ConclusionA range of curricular and clinical stressors, and potential sources of support to manage these stressors, have been explored from the perspectives of final‐year dental students. From these experiences, action points have been proposed to address knowledge gaps and enhance faculty‐level wellness support for dental students.
Mild cognitive impairment in spontaneous intracranial hypotension and its rapid reversal by repair of a spinal cerebrospinal fluid leak
Authors: Wolf Katharina , Volz Florian , El Rahal Amir , Overstijns M. , Lützen Niklas , Zander Charlotte , Shah Mukesch J. , Urbach Horst , Beck Jürgen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) report difficulties in concentration and memory. To objectify these deficits, we implemented standard cognitive tests into our routine SIH workup.MethodRetrospective, single‐center report of cognitive standard tests among patients with SIH consecutively admitted from May to July 2023. Cognitive testing involved the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA©, alternate versions, 0–30 points, 30 points for best performance, ≤26 indicating mild cognitive impairment at age >64 years), and the Trail Making Test, part B (TMT B, z‐scores adjusted to age and education) to test for executive function. Both were administered at admission, and within 36–72 h after surgical repair of the spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.ResultsA total of 18 patients with an active spinal CSF leak were tested at admission (seven with ventral, three with lateral leak, and eight with CSF‐venous fistula). There was no profound brain sagging as described in brain sagging dementia. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 53.6 (11) years. Bern scores ranged between 0 and 9, median 6.5. The mean (SD) MoCA score at admission was 26.5 (2) points, with five patients (28%) scoring <26 points indicative of mild cognitive impairment. Performance in the TMT B was impaired in nine patients (50%, z‐score ≥2). Upon targeted treatment of the CSF leak, the mean (SD) MoCA score immediately improved to 28.5 (1), p = 0.001 (n = 14), as did performance on the TMT B (mean [SD] 2.1 [2] vs. 1.1 [1], p = 0.015, n = 13).DiscussionSpontaneous intracranial hypotension with an active spinal CSF leak is associated with cognitive impairment and surgical closure of the leak led to rapid improvement. We conclude that there may be a causal relationship between cognitive dysfunction and spinal CSF loss. We suggest considering spinal CSF leaks as a treatable cause in patients with mild cognitive impairment and with pre‐dementia. This may ultimately necessitate thorough screening of brain and spine magnetic resonance images in patients with mild cognitive impairment.
An NF‐κB‐regulated cytokine enhances the antiviral resistance of silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Wei Dongmei , Liu Jinming , Hu Jie , Zhang Beilei , Pan Yumeng , Xia Qingyou , Wang Fei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInsect NF‐κB‐like factor, Relish, is activated by viral infection and induces the production of antiviral proteins. In this study, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of BmE cells expressing the active form of BmRelish (BmRelishact) and identified BmVago‐like as the most strongly‐induced secreted‐protein. Expression of BmVago‐like was specifically triggered by Bombyx mori Nucleo Polyhedro Virus (BmNPV) infection and regulated by BmSTING‐BmRelish pathway. Incubating the fresh culture of cells with supernatant medium of BmVago‐like expressing cells or recombinant BmVago‐like protein (rBmVago‐like) significantly increased antiviral resistance. On the contrary, reducing the expression of Bmvago‐like by RNA interference (RNAi) in BmE cells as well as in silkworm larvae impaired antiviral response. Furthermore, we constructed transgenic silkworm line over‐expressing BmVago‐like (BmVago‐likeOV) and found they had markedly lower viral load and higher survival rate after BmNPV infection compared with the wild‐type control. Co‐immunoprecipitation assay showed Bmintegrin β1 interacts with BmVago‐like and it was involved in BmVago‐like mediated antiviral response. Finally, we found the expression level of signalling molecules in the JAK–STAT pathway increased in rBmVago‐like‐treated cells and BmVago‐likeOV silkworm larvae but decreased in RNAi‐treated cells. In summary, our research uncovered an inducible antiviral response in silkworm mediated by cytokine BmVago‐like, which is the downstream effector of BmSTING‐BmRelish pathway and functions as an antiviral cytokine.
Trichophyton mentagrophytes delays wound healing in ob/ob mice
Authors: Aruga Kohsuke , Takehara Kimie , Kametaka Satoshi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA wide variety of microbial species, including Trichophyton spp., have been detected in diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). In particular, Trichophyton spp. cause tinea pedis (i.e., athlete's foot) and onychomycosis. However, investigations regarding the correlation between Trichophyton spp. and delayed wound healing are limited to case reports. Moreover, histological changes in wounds caused by Trichophyton spp. remain unclear. In this study, we sought to confirm the delayed wound healing phenotype caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection in a full‐thickness excisional wound ob/ob mouse model through histopathological analysis. The inoculation of skin wounds in ob/ob mice with T. mentagrophytes sporules resulted in significant delay on wound healing. Further histopathological analyses demonstrated that the delayed wound healing in ob/ob mice was accompanied by reduced collagen fibre formation and inhibited granulation tissue formation, with spores and elongated mycelia retained in the wound bed and along the wound edges. This suggests that T. mentagrophytes colonization of wounds potentially contributes to delayed wound healing in patients with diabetes. These results suggest that neglected tinea pedis is a potential risk factor for delayed wound healing and progression to refractory wounds in patients with DFU.
Patient involvement in diabetes‐related foot ulcers: What do patients need and prefer when undergoing treatment at multidisciplinary outpatient foot centres? A phenomenological hermeneutic study
Authors: Hansen Carrinna Aviaja , Hjelmgaard Camilla Misha Holde , Kristensen Marlene Østermark , Berthelsen Connie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe adopted a qualitative descriptive design to gain a broad understanding of the experiences, needs and preferences. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 21 patients with diabetes‐related foot ulcers using an interview guide. Patients were recruited from the four multidisciplinary foot centres in the Eastern Danish Region of Zealand. The methodology utilised a phenomenological hermeneutical perspective, allowing participants to share their experiences. The data analysis was inspired by Paul Ricoeur's philosophy of text interpretation. Three themes were identified: (1) Becoming dependent on patient involvement to cope and comprehend, (2) Experiences and needs regarding the involvement of relatives and equals and (3) Being vulnerable and limited by diabetes‐related foot ulcers while striving for normality. This study emphasised the complexity of, and the highly burdensome, life that the participants experienced living with treatment‐required diabetes‐related foot ulcers while needing individualised and family‐centred approaches, which are highly dependent on the healthcare professionals' communication skills. One of the most crucial aspects of patient care is providing individualised and person‐centred information. The information necessitates the enhancement of healthcare professionals' communication skills. By emphasising the need for family‐centred strategies, we can improve health and well‐being by involving patients, relatives and patients' networks as active team players in the care process.
Frailty, social deprivation, and mortality among Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries
Authors: Zhong Lily , Sison Stephanie Denise M. , Cheslock Megan , Liu Yuchen , Newmeyer Natalie , Kim Dae Hyun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe geographic distribution of frailty and social deprivation, and their association with mortality in the United States, have not been well studied.MethodsWe estimated claims‐based frailty index (CFI) (range: 0–1) and area‐level social deprivation index (SDI) (range: 0–100) in a 5% random sample of 1,207,323 Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries 65 years and older. We examined the prevalence of frailty (defined as CFI ≥ 0.25) and the mean SDI and estimated their correlation by state and county. The association of frailty and social deprivation with one‐year mortality was estimated using logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, and dual eligibility status.ResultsThe study population had the following characteristics: mean age of 76 years, 56% female, 10.3% with frailty, and 24.0% with high social deprivation (SDI ≥ 67). The correlation between frailty and social deprivation was weak (ρ = 0.39 by state and 0.28 by county). The risk of death for the total study population was 4.5%. The age, sex, dual eligibility, and SDI‐adjusted risk of death for robust, pre‐frail, and frail individuals was 1.8%, 4.4%, and 13.3%, respectively. The age, sex, dual eligibility‐adjusted risk of death for low, medium, and high SDI regardless of frailty was 4.4%, 4.7%, and 4.6%, respectively. In robust beneficiaries, the adjusted risk of death for low, medium, and high social deprivation was 1.6%, 1.9% (odds ratio [OR]: 1.21 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.15, 1.27]), and 2.0% (1.31 [1.24, 1.38]), respectively, whereas in beneficiaries with frailty, the corresponding risk by social deprivation was 13.4%, 13.7% (1.03 [0.99, 1.07]), and 12.9% (0.96 [0.92, 1.00]).ConclusionThis study identifies regions of the United States that may be most vulnerable from frailty and social deprivation. These findings emphasize the significance of frailty and social deprivation on mortality and the need for community‐based preventative health programs such as frailty screening to improve health outcomes for Medicare beneficiaries living with frailty.