bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LMDZ6A: The Atmospheric Component of the IPSL Climate Model With Improved and Better Tuned Physics
Authors: Hourdin Frédéric , Rio Catherine , Grandpeix Jean‐Yves , Madeleine Jean‐Baptiste , Cheruy Frédérique , Rochetin Nicolas , Jam Arnaud , Musat Ionela , Idelkadi Abderrahmane , Fairhead Laurent , Foujols Marie‐Alice , Mellul Lidia , Traore Abdoul‐Khadre , Dufresne Jean‐Louis , Boucher Olivier , Lefebvre Marie‐Pierre , Millour Ehouarn , Vignon Etienne , Jouhaud Jean , Diallo F. Bint , Lott François , Gastineau Guillaume , Caubel Arnaud , Meurdesoif Yann , Ghattas Josefine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study presents the version of the LMDZ global atmospheric model used as the atmospheric component of the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace coupled model (IPSL‐CM6A‐LR) to contribute to the 6th phase of the international Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). This LMDZ6A version includes original convective parameterizations that define the LMDZ “New Physics”: a mass flux parameterization of the organized structures of the convective boundary layer, the “thermal plume model,” and a parameterization of the cold pools created by reevaporation of convective rainfall. The vertical velocity associated with thermal plumes and gust fronts of cold pools are used to control the triggering and intensity of deep convection. Because of several shortcomings, the early version 5B of this New Physics was worse than the previous “Standard Physics” version 5A regarding several classical climate metrics. To overcome these deficiencies, version 6A includes new developments: a stochastic triggering of deep convection, a modification of the thermal plume model that allows the representation of stratocumulus and cumulus clouds in a unified framework, an improved parameterization of very stable boundary layers, and the modification of the gravity waves scheme targeting the quasi‐biennal oscillation in the stratosphere. These improvements to the physical content and a more well‐defined tuning strategy led to major improvements in the LMDZ6A version model climatology. Beyond the presentation of this particular model version and documentation of its climatology, the present paper underlines possible methodological pathways toward model improvement that can be shared across modeling groups.
Intraocular Lens Power Calculation after Small Incision Lenticule Extraction
Authors: Luft Nikolaus , Siedlecki Jakob , Schworm Benedikt , Kreutzer Thomas C. , Mayer Wolfgang J. , Priglinger Siegfried G. , Dirisamer Martin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith more than 1.5 million Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) procedures having already been performed worldwide in an ageing population, intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in post-SMILE eyes will inevitably become a common challenge for ophthalmologists. Since no refractive outcomes of cataract surgery following SMILE have been published, there is a lack of empirical data for optimizing IOL power calculation. Using the ray tracing as the standard of reference – a purely physical method that obviates the need for any empirical optimization - we analyzed the agreement of various IOL power calculation formulas derived from the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons (ASCRS) post-keratorefractive surgery online calculator. In our study of 88 post-SMILE eyes, the Masket formula showed the smallest mean prediction error [−0.36 ± 0.32 diopters (D)] and median absolute error (0.33D) and yielded the largest percentage of eyes within ±0.50D (70%) in reference to ray tracing. Non-inferior refractive prediction errors and ±0.50D accuracies were achieved by the Barrett True K, Barrett True K No History and the Potvin-Hill formula. Use of these formulas in conjunction with ray tracing is recommended until sufficient data for empirical optimization of IOL power calculation after SMILE is available.
Gas phase Elemental abundances in Molecular cloudS (GEMS)
Authors: Navarro-Almaida D. , Le Gal R. , Fuente A. , Rivière-Marichalar P. , Wakelam V. , Cazaux S. , Caselli P. , Laas J. C. , Alonso-Albi T. , Loison J. C. , Gerin M. , Kramer C. , Roueff E. , Bachiller R. , Commerçon B. , Friesen R. , García-Burillo S. , Goicoechea J. R. , Giuliano B. M. , Jiménez-Serra I. , Kirk J. M. , Lattanzi V. , Malinen J. , Marcelino N. , Martín-Domènech R. , Muñoz Caro G. M. , Pineda J. , Tercero B. , Treviño-Morales S. P. , Roncero O. , Hacar A. , Tafalla M. , Ward-Thompson D. 
Published: April 2020

Context. Sulphur is one of the most abundant elements in the Universe. Surprisingly, sulphuretted molecules are not as abundant as expected in the interstellar medium and the identity of the main sulphur reservoir is still an open question.
Aims. Our goal is to investigate the H2S chemistry in dark clouds, as this stable molecule is a potential sulphur reservoir.
Methods. Using millimeter observations of CS, SO, H2S, and their isotopologues, we determine the physical conditions and H2S abundances along the cores TMC 1-C, TMC 1-CP, and Barnard 1b. The gas-grain model NAUTILUS is used to model the sulphur chemistry and explore the impact of photo-desorption and chemical desorption on the H2S abundance.
Results. Our modeling shows that chemical desorption is the main source of gas-phase H2S in dark cores. The measured H2S abundance can only be fitted if we assume that the chemical desorption rate decreases by more than a factor of 10 when nH > 2 × 104. This change in the desorption rate is consistent with the formation of thick H2O and CO ice mantles on grain surfaces. The observed SO and H2S abundances are in good agreement with our predictions adopting an undepleted value of the sulphur abundance. However, the CS abundance is overestimated by a factor of 5−10. Along the three cores, atomic S is predicted to be the main sulphur reservoir.
Conclusions. The gaseous H2S abundance is well reproduced, assuming undepleted sulphur abundance and chemical desorption as the main source of H2S. The behavior of the observed H2S abundance suggests a changing desorption efficiency, which would probe the snowline in these cold cores. Our model, however, highly overestimates the observed gas-phase CS abundance. Given the uncertainty in the sulphur chemistry, we can only conclude that our data are consistent with a cosmic elemental S abundance with an uncertainty of a factor of 10.
Radio spectral properties and jet duty cycle in the restarted radio galaxy 3C388
Authors: Brienza M. , Morganti R. , Harwood J. , Duchet T. , Rajpurohit K. , Shulevski A. , Hardcastle M. J. , Mahatma V. , Godfrey L. E. H. , Prandoni I. , Shimwell T. W. , Intema H. 
Published: April 2020

Context.Restarted radio galaxies represent a unique tool for investigating the duty cycle of the jet activity in active galactic nuclei (AGN). The radio galaxy 3C388 has long been claimed to be a peculiar example of an AGN with multi-epoch activity because it shows a very sharp discontinuity in the GHz spectral index distribution of its lobes.Aims.We present here for the first time a spatially resolved study of the radio spectrum of 3C388 down to MHz frequencies aimed at investigating the radiative age of the source and constraining its duty cycle.Methods.We used new low-frequency observations at 144 MHz performed with the Low Frequency Array and at 350 MHz performed with the Very Large Array that we combined with archival data at higher frequencies (614, 1400, and 4850 MHz).Results.We find that the spectral indices in the lower frequency range, 144−614 MHz, have flatter values (αlow∼ 0.55−1.14) than those observed in the higher frequency range, 1400−4850 MHz, (αhigh∼ 0.75−1.57), but they follow the same distribution across the lobes, with a systematic steepening towards the edges. However, the spectral shape throughout the source is not uniform and often deviates from standard models. This suggests that mixing of different particle populations occurs, although it remains difficult to understand whether this is caused by observational limitations (insufficient spatial resolution and/or projection effects) or by the intrinsic presence of multiple particle populations, which might be related to the two different outbursts.Conclusions.Using single-injection radiative models, we compute that the total source age is ≲80 Myr and that the duty cycle is aboutton/ttot ∼ 60%, which is enough to prevent the intracluster medium from cooling, according to X-ray estimates. While to date the radio spectral distribution of 3C388 remains a rare case among radio galaxies, multi-frequency surveys performed with new-generation instruments will soon allow us to investigate whether more sources with the same characteristics exist.
Dermatoskopie, sequenzielle Videodermatoskopie, Ganzkörperfotografie, künstliche Intelligenz – was bringt uns die Zukunft?
Authors: Deinlein T. , Hofmann-Wellenhof R. , Haenssle H. A. , Blum A. 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Dermatoskopie ist mittlerweile ein fester Bestandteil einer jeden dermatologischen Untersuchung. Mit dieser Technik konnten die Früherkennung von Malignomen der Haut und deren Vorstufen deutlich verbessert und unnötige Exzisionen benigner Hautläsionen reduziert werden. Der Einsatz der Dermatoskopie umfasst mittlerweile auch die Beurteilung von entzündlichen und parasitären Dermatosen sowie Haarerkrankungen. Bei definierten Risikogruppen für ein Melanom sollte der Zwei-Schritte-Algorithmus, bestehend aus Ganzkörperfotografie und Videodermatoskopie, in entsprechenden Zeitintervallen zur Anwendung kommen. Mit dieser Methode können Melanome meist in einem sehr frühen Stadium entdeckt werden, da Veränderungen bestehender Muttermale sowie neu entstandene Läsionen früher festgestellt werden. In den letzten Jahren konnten mehrere Studien nachweisen, dass speziell geschulte neuronale Netzwerke Malignome der Haut, insbesondere Melanome, mit einer sehr hohen Treffsicherheit diagnostizieren können. Wie diese Computer-gestützte Diagnostik mithilfe einer künstlichen Intelligenz in den klinischen Alltag integriert werden kann und welche Vorteile sich hiervon ableiten lassen, ist derzeit noch nicht geklärt.
Kapillarmikroskopie – wann, wie und wofür?
Authors: Sander O. , Sunderkötter C. 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Übersichtsarbeit stellt die aktuelle Datenlage zur Bedeutung der Kapillarmikroskopie in der nicht invasiven Abklärung von Akroperfusionsstörungen und insbesondere der Früherkennung der Sklerodermie/Systemsklerose dar. Hier sind die Kenntnis des Normalbefundes und die Differenzierung zum sklerodermietypischen Muster entscheidend. Aber auch für die Verlaufsbeurteilung und Prognoseabschätzung der Sklerodermie ist die Kapillarmikroskopie ein sinnvolles Instrument. Die solideste Prädiktion kann dabei die Kapillardichte liefern.
Representation and reconstruction of covariance operators in linear inverse problems
Authors: Lila Eardi , Arridge Simon , Aston John A D 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We introduce a framework for the reconstruction and representation of functions in a setting where these objects cannot be directly observed, but only indirect and noisy measurements are available, namely an inverse problem setting. The proposed methodology can be applied either to the analysis of indirectly observed functional images or to the associated covariance operators, representing second-order information, and thus lying on a non-Euclidean space. To deal with the ill-posedness of the inverse problem, we exploit the spatial structure of the sample data by introducing a flexible regularizing term embedded in the model. Thanks to its efficiency, the proposed model is applied to MEG data, leading to a novel approach to the investigation of functional connectivity.
Beach adaptation to intraseasonal sea level changes
Authors: Abessolo G O , Almar R , Jouanno J , Bonou F , Castelle B , Larson M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Coastal areas such as beaches with steep upper slope and flat low-tide terrace, are expected to be increasingly affected by sea level changes. Related impacts due to the paramount rise in sea level have been intensively investigated, but there is still little evidence of the impact of shorter timescales variations on the coast, particularly those induced by trapped coastal waves. Using the latest advances in video bathymetric estimation, daily observations over 3.5 years (February 2013 to June 2016) on Grand Popo Beach (West Africa) reveal that intraseasonal sea level variations impact the beach profile. The intraseasonal sea level variations are dominated by the propagation of wind forced coastal trapped waves with periods ranging 15–95 days. It is shown that the beach goes through a transient state with a deformation of the profile: an intraseasonal sea level rise leads to a 2 m erosion of the upper beach and a widening of the flat terrace at the lower beach. Although the underlying mechanism must be tested through beach profile modelling, this study highlights the active adaptation of the beach profile to variations in sea level.
Psychological support in times of COVID-19: the Essen community-based CoPE concept
Authors: Bäuerle Alexander , Skoda Eva-Maria , Dörrie Nora , Böttcher Juliane , Teufel Martin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The SARS CoV-2-virus (COVID-19) pandemic is pushing national and international structures to their limits. Little is known about treatment options to combat the novel virus, but the same applies to the effects of COVID-19 on people’s mental health. In Germany, as in many other countries, governmental actions impact peoples’ individual freedom. These highly necessary actions to slow down the spread of the virus, however, are a burden to the community. We established a structured concept to support psychological burdened people in Essen, which is located in the Ruhr area, a metropolitan region with more than 5.1 million inhabitants in the heart of the federal state North Rhine Westphalia. The psychological burden following the spread of the virus and individual restrictions should not be neglected.
Impaired Dilator Reactivity of Middle Cerebral Arteries in Goto‐Kakizaki Rats with Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Halvorson Brayden , Whitehead Shawn , McGuire John , Frisbee Jefferson 
Published: April 2020

Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a highly prevalent disease and is associated with the development of cerebrovascular disease. The objective of the study was to determine whether alterations to the regulation of cerebral vascular tone exist in a non‐obese model of T2DM and to determine the mechanistic contributors to changes in this response. Middle cerebral arteries (MCA) from 17–18‐wk‐old male Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and Goto‐Kakizaki (GK) were isolated and cannulated with glass micropipettes. Vascular reactivity was assessed in response to challenge with acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), reductions in Po2, 5‐HT, and increased intraluminal pressure. Vessels were treated with the competitive nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L‐NAME, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, and the cell‐permeable superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic TEMPOL to support interpretation of mechanistic contributors to changes in vessel reactivity. Similar measurements of vascular reactivity to methacholine (MCh), phenylephrine, SNP, and reductions in PO2 were measured in aortic ring preparations, along with measurements of vascular NO production and metabolites of arachidonic acid. There was an impairment of vessel dilation within the MCA and aorta of GK in response to ACh/MCh and hypoxia but not SNP. Decreased vascular NO release and ratio of PGI2/TxA2 were measured within the aorta in response to hypoxia, and increasing MCh concentration. No change was seen in the constrictor response to either 5‐HT or phenylephrine within the MCA or aorta respectively or in the myogenic activation of the MCA. Treatment with L‐NAME severely blunted the dilator reactivity of both the MCA and aorta, while TEMPOL showed mild improvements in GK, and indomethacin yielded improved dilator reactivity to MCh in GK but blunted it in WKY. These results suggest that the vasodilator reactivity of the MCA and aorta of GK in response to endothelium‐dependent dilator stimuli is impaired vs. WKY. This may be due to decreased NO bioavailability and altered arachidonic acid metabolism as a result of a pro‐oxidant pro‐inflammatory condition present in T2DM. The lack of change to the constrictor response of MCA and aorta in GK suggests a lack of structural remodeling as a result of T2DM at this age.Support or Funding InformationAmerican Heart Association and National Institutes of Health (USA); Canadian Institutes for Health Research and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Effect of Stimulus Choice on an EEG-Based Objective Measure of Speech Intelligibility
Authors: Verschueren Eline , Vanthornhout Jonas , Francart Tom 
Published: April 2020

Objectives:
Recently, an objective measure of speech intelligibility (SI), based on brain responses derived from the electroencephalogram (EEG), has been developed using isolated Matrix sentences as a stimulus. We investigated whether this objective measure of SI can also be used with natural speech as a stimulus, as this would be beneficial for clinical applications.

Design:
We recorded the EEG in 19 normal-hearing participants while they listened to two types of stimuli: Matrix sentences and a natural story. Each stimulus was presented at different levels of SI by adding speech weighted noise. SI was assessed in two ways for both stimuli: (1) behaviorally and (2) objectively by reconstructing the speech envelope from the EEG using a linear decoder and correlating it with the acoustic envelope. We also calculated temporal response functions (TRFs) to investigate the temporal characteristics of the brain responses in the EEG channels covering different brain areas.

Results:
For both stimulus types, the correlation between the speech envelope and the reconstructed envelope increased with increasing SI. In addition, correlations were higher for the natural story than for the Matrix sentences. Similar to the linear decoder analysis, TRF amplitudes increased with increasing SI for both stimuli. Remarkable is that although SI remained unchanged under the no-noise and +2.5 dB SNR conditions, neural speech processing was affected by the addition of this small amount of noise: TRF amplitudes across the entire scalp decreased between 0 and 150 ms, while amplitudes between 150 and 200 ms increased in the presence of noise. TRF latency changes in function of SI appeared to be stimulus specific: the latency of the prominent negative peak in the early responses (50 to 300 ms) increased with increasing SI for the Matrix sentences, but remained unchanged for the natural story.

Conclusions:
These results show (1) the feasibility of natural speech as a stimulus for the objective measure of SI; (2) that neural tracking of speech is enhanced using a natural story compared to Matrix sentences; and (3) that noise and the stimulus type can change the temporal characteristics of the brain responses. These results might reflect the integration of incoming acoustic features and top-down information, suggesting that the choice of the stimulus has to be considered based on the intended purpose of the measurement.
Advances in endocrine and targeted therapy for hormone-receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer
Authors: Shen Le-Sang , Jin Xiao-Yan , Wang Xu-Meng , Tou Lai-Zhen , Huang Jian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Nearly 70% of breast cancer (BC) is hormone-receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, and endocrine therapy is the mainstay of treatment for this subtype. However, intrinsic or acquired endocrine resistance can occur during the endocrine treatment. Based on insights of endocrine resistance mechanisms, a number of targeted therapies have been and continue to be developed. With regard to HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced BC, aromatase inhibitor (AI) is superior to tamoxifen, and fulvestrant is a better option for patients previously exposed to endocrine therapy. Targeted drugs, such as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, play a significant role in the present and show a promising future. With the application of CDK4/6 inhibitors becoming common, mechanisms of acquired resistance to them should also be taken into consideration.
Dexmedetomidine attenuates inflammation and pancreatic injury in a rat model of experimental severe acute pancreatitis via cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway
Authors: Huang Dong-Ya , Li Qiang , Shi Chen-Yuan , Hou Chao-Qun , Miao Yi , Shen Hong-Bing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Excessive inflammatory responses play a critical role in the development of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and controlling such inflammation is vital for managing this often fatal disease. Dexmedetomidine has been reported to possess protective properties in inflammatory diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether dexmedetomidine pre-treatment exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in rats with SAP induced by sodium taurocholate, and if so, to determine the potential mechanism.

Methods
SAP was induced with sodium taurocholate. Rats received an intraperitoneal injection of dexmedetomidine 30 min before sodium taurocholate administration. α-bungarotoxin, a selective alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAchR) antagonist, was injected intra-peritoneally 30 min before dexmedetomidine administration. The role of the vagus nerve was evaluated by performing unilateral cervical vagotomy before the administration of dexmedetomidine. Efferent discharge of the vagal nerve was recorded by the BL-420F Data Acquisition & Analysis System. Six hours after onset, serum pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α] and interleukin 6 [IL-6]) levels and amylase levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an automated biochemical analyzer, respectively. Histopathological changes in the pancreas were observed after hematoxylin and eosin staining and scored according to Schmidt criteria.

Results
Pre-treatment with dexmedetomidine significantly decreased serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and amylase, strongly alleviating pathological pancreatic injury in the rat model of SAP (TNF-α: 174.2 ± 30.2 vs. 256.1±42.4 pg/ml; IL-6: 293.3 ± 46.8 vs. 421.7 ± 48.3 pg/ml; amylase: 2102.3 ± 165.3 vs. 3186.4 ± 245.2 U/L). However, the anti-inflammatory and pancreatic protective effects were abolished after vagotomy or pre-administration of α-bungarotoxin. Dexmedetomidine also significantly increased the discharge frequency and amplitude of the cervical vagus nerve in the SAP rat model (discharge frequency: 456.8 ± 50.3 vs. 332.4 ± 25.1 Hz; discharge amplitude: 33.4 ± 5.3 vs. 20.5 ± 2.9 μV).

Conclusions
Dexmedetomidine administration attenuated the systemic inflammatory response and local pancreatic injury caused by SAP in rats through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway involving vagus- and α7nAChR-dependent mechanisms.