bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interscallop separations of the posterior mitral valve leaflet: a solution to the ‘borderline RHD’ conundrum?
Authors: Hunter Luke David , Monaghan Mark , Lloyd Guy , Lombard Carl , Pecoraro Alfonso Jan Kemp , Doubell Anton Frans , Herbst Philipus George 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThe World Heart Federation (WHF) criteria incorporate a Doppler-based system to differentiate between ‘physiological’ and ‘pathological’ mitral regurgitation (MR)—a sole criterion sufficient for the diagnosis of WHF ‘borderline’ rheumatic heart disease (RHD). We have identified that interscallop separations (ISS) of the posterior mitral valve (MV) leaflet, can give rise to pathological MR in an otherwise-normal MV. We aimed to establish and compare the prevalence of ISS-related MR among South African children at high and low risk for RHD.MethodsA prospective cross-sectional echocardiographic study of 759 school children (aged 13–18) was performed. Cases with MR≥1.5 cm underwent a second comprehensive study to determine the prevalence of RHD according to the WHF guideline and establish the underlying mechanism of MR.ResultsOf 400 high-risk children, two met criteria for ‘definite RHD’ (5 per 1000 (95% CI 1.4 to 18.0); p=0.5) and 11 for ‘borderline RHD’ (27.5 per 1000 (95% CI 15.4 to 48.6)). Of 359 low-risk children, 14 met criteria for borderline RHD (39 per 1000 (95% CI 23.4 to 64.4)). Comprehensive echocardiography identified an underlying ISS as the mechanism of isolated pathological MR in 10 (83.3%) high-risk children and 11 low-risk children (78.5%; p>0.99).ConclusionsISS are a ubiquitous finding among South African schoolchildren from all risk profiles and are regularly identified as the underlying mechanism of WHF pathological MR in borderline RHD cases. A detailed MV assessment with an emphasis on ascertaining the underlying mechanism of dysfunction could reduce the reported numbers of screened cases misclassified as borderline RHD.
Relationship between nitrate headache and outcome in patients with acute stroke: results from the efficacy of nitric oxide in stroke (ENOS) trial
Authors: Beishon Lucy , Woodhouse Lisa J , Bereczki Daniel , Christensen Hanne K , Collins Ronan , Gommans John , Kruuse Christina , Ntaios George , Ozturk Serefnur , Phillips Stephen , Pocock Stuart , Szatmari Szabolcs , Wardlaw Joanna , Sprigg Nikola , Bath Philip M 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionNitrate-induced headache is common and may signify responsive cerebral vasculature. We assessed the relationship between nitrate headache and outcome in patients with acute stroke.Materials and methodsPatients were those randomised to glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) versus no GTN in the efficacy of nitric oxide in stroke trial. Development of headache by end of treatment (day 7), and functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale, primary outcome) at day 90, were assessed. Analyses are adjusted for baseline prognostic factors and give OR and mean difference (MD) with 95% CI.ResultsIn 4011 patients, headache was more common in GTN than control (360, 18.0% vs 170, 8.5%; p<0.001). Nitrate-related headache was associated with: younger age, female sex, higher diastolic blood pressure, non-total anterior circulation syndrome, milder stroke and absence of dysphasia (p<0.05). Nitrate headache was not associated with improved functional outcome (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.10, p=0.30) or death (day 90) (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.02, p=0.062), but reduced death or deterioration (day 7) (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.82), death in hospital (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.88) and improved activities of daily living (Barthel index, MD 3.7, 95% CI 0.3 to 7.1) and cognition (telephone interview cognitive screen, MD 2.0, 95% CI 0.7 to 3.3) (day 90). Non-nitrate headache was not associated with death, disability or cognition.Discussion and conclusionDevelopment of a nitrate headache by day 7 after stroke may be associated with improved activities of daily living and cognitive impairment at day 90, which was not seen with non-nitrate headache.
Inconsistent centralised versus non-centralised ischaemic stroke aetiology
Authors: Suo Yue , Jing Jing , Meng Xia , Li Zixiao , Pan Yuesong , Jiang Yong , Yang Xiaomeng , Liu Huan , Yan Hongyi , Liu Liping , Zhao Xingquan , Wang Yilong , Li Hao , Wang Yongjun 
Published: November 2020

Background and purposeThe Trial of Org 10 172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) system is the most widely used aetiological categorisation system in clinical practice and research. Limited studies have validated the accuracy of routine aetiological diagnosis of patients with ischaemic stroke according to the TOAST criteria when the reported subtype is assumed to be correct. We investigated the agreement between centralised and non-centralised (site-reported, at discharge) stroke subtypes in the Third China National Stroke Registry (CNSR-III), and analysed the influence of classification consistency on evaluation during hospitalisation and for secondary prevention strategy.MethodsAll patients with ischaemic stroke from the CNSR-III study with complete diffusion-weighted imaging data were included. We used multivariable Cox proportional-hazard regression models to evaluate the factors associated with consistency between centralised and non-centralised stroke subtypes. Sensitivity analyses were conducted of the subgroup of patients with complete information.ResultsThis study included 12 180 patients (mean age, 62.3 years; and women, 31.4%). Agreement between centralised and non-centralised subtype was the highest for the large-artery atherosclerosis subtype stroke (77.4% of centralised patients), followed by the small-vessel occlusion subtype (40.6% of centralised patients). Agreements for cardioembolism and stroke of other determined aetiology subtypes were 38.7% and 12.2%, respectively. Patient-level and hospital-level factors were associated with the inconsistency between centralised/non-centralised aetiological subtyping. This inconsistency was related to differences in secondary prevention strategies. Only 15.3% of the newly diagnosed patients with cardioembolism underwent centralised subtyping with indications to receive oral anticoagulants at discharge. In comparison, 51.3% of the consistent cardioembolism group and 42.0% of the centrally reassigned cardioembolism group with anticoagulation indications were prescribed oral anticoagulants.ConclusionsSubstantial inconsistency exists between centralised and non-centralised subtyping in China. Inaccurate aetiological subtyping could lead to inadequate secondary prevention, especially in patients with cardioembolic stroke.
Switching stories: user testimonials on juul.com continue to contradict JUUL’s switch ≠ cessation narrative
Authors: Patterson Joanne G , LaPolt Devin T , Miranda Alexis R , Zettler Patricia J , Berman Micah , Roberts Megan E , Keller-Hamilton Brittney , Ferketich Amy K 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundIn January 2019, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) market leader Juul Labs (JUUL) launched an advertising campaign encouraging adult smokers to ‘make the switch’ from combustible cigarettes to JUUL. Our primary aim was to describe consumer perceptions of JUUL as communicated by members of JUUL’s online social community via testimonials promoted on JUUL’s website.MethodsUser testimonials that were displayed on the JUUL website in December 2019 and January 2020 were collected and coded by three reviewers. A total of 220 testimonials were coded for primary and secondary themes (eight codes within four broader themes).ResultsTestimonial writers were, on average, 43.0 years old (range 28 to 74) and reported using JUUL for an average of 21.8 months (range 9 to 59 months). The most prominent theme, present in nearly half of the testimonials, was a description of how to use JUUL, with a mention of JUUL’s benefits and tips on how to use the product. Nearly four in 10 statements encouraged smokers to give JUUL a try or noted that JUUL is a better product compared with cigarettes. About one in 10 statements focused on switching from smoking cigarettes to using JUUL.ConclusionThis study presents a foundation for understanding how adult users describe JUUL, including their experiences using JUUL to ‘switch’ or stop smoking. Currently, the effectiveness of ENDS for smoking cessation is not supported by substantial evidence; however, if cessation is defined as ‘quitting combustible tobacco products’, then regulators should be aware that switch and cessation messages may not be distinct.
Simulating the density reduction and equity impact of potential tobacco retail control policies
Authors: Caryl Fiona M , Pearce Jamie , Reid Garth , Mitchell Richard , Shortt Niamh K 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundReducing the provision of tobacco is important for decreasing inequalities in smoking and smoking-related harm. Various policies have been proposed to achieve this, but their impacts—particularly on equity—are often unknown. Here, using national-level data, we simulate the impacts of potential policies designed to reduce tobacco outlet density (TOD).MethodsTobacco retailer locations (n=9030) were geocoded from Scotland’s national register, forming a baseline. Twelve policies were developed in three types: (1) regulating type of retailer selling tobacco, (2) regulating location of tobacco sales, and (3) area-based TOD caps. Density reduction was measured as mean percentage reduction in TOD across data zones and number of retailers nationally. Equity impact was measured using regression-based Relative Index of Inequality (RII) across income deprivation quintiles.ResultsPolicies restricting tobacco sales to a single outlet type (‘Supermarket’; ‘Liquor store’; ‘Pharmacy’) caused >80% TOD reduction and >90% reduction in the number of tobacco outlets nationally. However, RIIs indicated that two of these policies (‘Liquor store’, ‘Pharmacy’) increased socioeconomic inequalities in TOD. Equity-promoting policies included ‘Minimum spacing’ and exclusion zones around ‘Child spaces’. The only policy to remove statistically significant TOD inequalities was the one deliberately targeted to do so (‘Reduce clusters’).ConclusionsUsing spatial simulations, we show that all selected policies reduced provision of tobacco retailing to varying degrees. However, the most ‘successful’ at doing so also increased inequalities. Consequently, policy-makers should consider how the methods by which tobacco retail density is reduced, and success measured, align with policy aims.
Intricate partial waves in nuclear scattering
Authors: von Geramb Heinrich Viktor 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article is meant as an encomium of the life-span endeavor of Jacques Raynal to relate nuclear scattering density matrices with numerical methods. The mathematical investigations he made involved intricate hypergeometric coupling algebras and transformations. He was among the first to appreciate the general importance of these studies. His efforts over 60 years are most praiseworthy and, for them, Jacques has gained much respect.
High-Dimensional Estimation, Basis Assets, and the Adaptive Multi-Factor Model
Authors: Zhu Liao , Basu Sumanta , Jarrow Robert A. , Wells Martin T. 
Published: November 2020

The paper proposes a new algorithm for the high-dimensional financial data — the Groupwise Interpretable Basis Selection (GIBS) algorithm, to estimate a new Adaptive Multi-Factor (AMF) asset pricing model, implied by the recently developed Generalized Arbitrage Pricing Theory, which relaxes the convention that the number of risk-factors is small. We first obtain an adaptive collection of basis assets and then simultaneously test which basis assets correspond to which securities, using high-dimensional methods. The AMF model, along with the GIBS algorithm, is shown to have a significantly better fitting and prediction power than the Fama–French 5-factor model.
Generalized Fractional Hadamard and Fejér–Hadamard Inequalities for Generalized Harmonically Convex Functions
Authors: Jung Chahn Yong , Yussouf Muhammad , Chu Yu-Ming , Farid Ghulam , Kang Shin Min 
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we define a new function, namely, harmonically

α
,
h
−
m

-convex function, which unifies various kinds of harmonically convex functions. Generalized versions of the Hadamard and the Fejér–Hadamard fractional integral inequalities for harmonically

α
,
h
−
m

-convex functions via generalized fractional integral operators are proved. From presented results, a series of fractional integral inequalities can be obtained for harmonically convex, harmonically

h
−
m

-convex, harmonically

α
,
m

-convex, and related functions and for already known fractional integral operators.
Redução da força de preensão manual entre idosos longevos
Authors: Tavares Darlene Mara dos Santos , Oliveira Nayara Gomes Nunes , Marchiori Gianna Fiori , Santos Lara Lacerda Soares 
Published: November 2020

Objetivos: Descrever as características sociodemográficas e de saúde dos longevos, identificar a ocorrência da redução da força de preensão manual dos longevos e verificar os fatores associados à redução da força de preensão manual dos longevos. Métodos: Estudo transversal e analítico, com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido com 313 idosos longevos da comunidade de uma Macrorregião de Saúde do Estado de Minas Gerais. Na coleta dos dados aplicaram-se: Miniexame do Estado Mental; Questionário estruturado elaborado pelo Grupo de Pesquisa em Saúde Coletiva; Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física; versão brasileira do Short Physical Performance Battery; Teste de força de preensão manual; Índice de massa corporal e questão referente à ocorrência de queda. Procederam-se às análises: descritiva, teste Qui-quadrado e regressão logística múltipla (p<0,05). Resultados: Houve predomínio de longevos do sexo feminino (64,2%); com 80-90 anos de idade (86,6%); 1-5 anos de estudo (53,0%); renda ≤1 salário mínimo (55,3%); viúvos (63,3%); que moravam acompanhados (75,7%); inativos fisicamente (51,4%); com desempenho físico moderado/bom (55,9%); sem ocorrência de quedas nos últimos 12 meses (68,4%); eutróficos (39,9%) e com cinco ou mais morbidades (62,9%). A maioria dos longevos (60,4%) apresentou redução da força de preensão manual que se associou à ocorrência de quedas nos últimos 12 meses (p=0,042) e à inatividade física (p<0,001). Conclusão: A redução na força de preensão manual dos idosos longevos foi relacionada à ocorrência de quedas e inatividade física, tais fatores contribuem para planejamento do cuidado gerontológico na prática clínica.
Gal-1 (Galectin-1) Upregulation Contributes to Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression by Enhancing Vascular Inflammation
Authors: Chiang Ming-Tsai , Chen I-Ming , Hsu Fu-Fei , Chen Yen-Hui , Tsai Min-Shao , Hsu Yaw-Wen , Leu Hsin-Bang , Huang Po-Hsun , Chen Jaw-Wen , Liu Fu-Tong , Chen Ying-Hwa , Chau Lee-Young 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular degenerative disease causing sudden rupture of aorta and significant mortality in elders. Nevertheless, no prognostic and therapeutic target is available for disease management. Gal-1 (galectin-1) is a β-galactoside–binding lectin constitutively expressed in vasculature with roles in maintaining vascular homeostasis. This study aims to investigate the potential involvement of Gal-1 in AAA progression.

Approach and Results:
Gal-1 was significantly elevated in circulation and aortic tissues of Ang II (angiotensin II)–infused apoE-deficient mice developing AAA. Gal-1 deficiency reduced incidence and severity of AAA with lower expression of aortic MMPs (matrix metalloproteases) and proinflammatory cytokines. TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) induced Gal-1 expression in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells and adventitial fibroblasts. Gal-1 deletion enhanced TNFα-induced MMP9 expression in fibroblasts but not vascular smooth muscle cells. Cysteinyl-labeling assay demonstrated that aortic Gal-1 exhibited susceptibility to oxidation in vivo. Recombinant oxidized Gal-1 induced expression of MMP9 and inflammatory cytokines to various extents in macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts through activation of MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase signaling. Clinically, serum MMP9 level was significantly higher in both patients with AAA and coronary artery disease than in control subjects, whereas serum Gal-1 level was elevated in patients with AAA but not coronary artery disease when compared with controls.

Conclusions:
Gal-1 is highly induced and contributes to AAA by enhancing matrix degradation activity and inflammatory responses in experimental model. The pathological link between Gal-1 and AAA is also observed in human patients. These findings support the potential of Gal-1 as a disease biomarker and therapeutic target of AAA.
Junctional Localization of Septin 2 Is Required for Organization of Junctional Proteins in Static Endothelial Monolayers
Authors: Kim Joanna , Cooper John A. 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
Septin 2 is localized at junctions in human microvascular endothelial monolayers. The junctional localization of septin 2 is necessary for organization of cell-cell adhesion proteins of endothelial cells.

Approach and Results:
Septin 2 was depleted at junctions by suppression of expression using shRNA, treatment with inflammatory cytokine, TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α, and ectopic overexpression of septin 2 phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate binding mutant defect in interaction with plasma membrane. Under those conditions, organizations and expression levels of various junctional proteins were analyzed. Confocal images of immunofluorescence staining showed substantial disorganization of adherens junctional proteins, nectin-2 and afadin, TJP (tight junction protein), ZO (zonula occludens)-1, and intercellular adhesion protein, PECAM-1 (platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1). Immunoblots for those proteins did not show significant changes in expression except for nectin-2 that highly increased in expression. Significant differential gene expression profiles and biological pathway analysis by septin 2 suppression and by TNF-α treatment using RNA-seq showed common overlapping pathways. The commonalities in expression may be consistent with the similar effects on the overall organization of cell-cell adhesion proteins.

Conclusions:
Localization of septin 2 at cell junctions are required for the arrangement of junctional proteins and the integrity of the barrier formed by endothelial monolayers.
Identifying with a Religious Character
Authors: Soto-Sanfiel María T. , Mäder Marie Therese 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study examines the extent to which audience’s identification with a religious character relates to variables of the message, the cultural setting in which it is consumed, and the viewer. Four hundred and eight students from Spanish (Mean
Age = 20.36, SD = 3.24) and Swiss universities (Mean
Age = 22.16, SD = 2.76) were assigned to one of two narratives portraying a religious character (Mormon or Muslim). Before watching the film, they completed a questionnaire (gender, age, religious background, religious affiliation, religiosity, and spirituality). After the viewing, they indicated their identification with the character from the film. Results show that identification relates to the religion portrayed and the cultural context in which the film is viewed. Individuals with a personal link to religion identify to a greater extent. Moreover, individuals associate aspects of their spirituality and religiosity to dimensions of identification depending on the religion portrayed. The cultural setting impacts this association.
<p><strong>Nomenclatural adjustments in Brazilian Cereeae (Cactaceae)</strong></p>
Authors: TAYLOR NIGEL P. , ZAPPI DANIELA C. 
Published: November 2020

Recent taxonomic activity has resulted in taxa belonging to Cactaceae tribe Cereeae from limestone outcrops in Eastern Brazil being upgraded as a species and genus, respectively: Melocactus pachyacanthus Buining & Brederoo (1975: 1) subsp. viridis N.P. Taylor (1991: 40) and Pilosocereus Byles & Rowley (1957: 66) subg. Gounellea Zappi (1994: 36). However, two of the new names associated with these changes have proved to be either illegitimate or invalid under the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature for plants and fungi (Turland et al. 2018). The following notes provide legitimate or valid names for the taxa involved.
Combining Radar Attenuation and Partial Beam Blockage Corrections for Improved Quantitative Application
Authors: Gou Yabin , Chen Haonan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPartial beam blockage (PBB) correction is an indispensable step in weather radar data quality control and subsequent quantitative applications, such as precipitation estimation, especially in urban and/or complex terrain environments. This paper developed a novel PBB correction procedure based on the improved ZPHI method for attenuation correction and regional specific differential propagation phase (KDP)–reflectivity (ZH) relationship derived from in situ raindrop size distribution (DSD) measurements. The practical performance of this PBB correction technique was evaluated through comparing the spatial continuity of reflectivity measurements, the consistency between radar-measured and DSD-derived KDP and ZH relationships, as well as rainfall estimates based on R(ZH) and R(KDP). The results showed that through incorporating attenuation and PBB corrections (i) the spatial continuity of ZH measurements can effectively be enhanced; (ii) the distribution of radar-measured KDP versus ZH is more consistent with the DSD-derived KDP versus ZH; (iii) the measured ZH from a C-band radar in the PBB-affected area becomes more consistent with collocated S-band measurements, particularly in the rainstorm center area where ZH is larger than 30 dBZ; and (iv) rainfall estimates based on R(ZH) in the PBB-affected area are incrementally improved with better spatial continuity and the performance tends to be more comparable with R(KDP).
Clinical Factors Associated With Response to Fecal Diversion in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Buhulaigah Hassan , Truong Adam , Zaghiyan Karen , Fleshner Phillip 
Published: November 2020

Up to 80% of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients require surgery. Fecal diversion is used selectively in CD proctocolitis refractory to medical treatment or advanced perianal disease. This study examines associations between clinical features in predicting clinical response (CR) to fecal diversion in CD. Charts of CD patients undergoing fecal diversion for medically refractory disease or perianal disease were reviewed. Clinical response was assessed focusing on improvements in urgency, abdominal and perineal pain, decreased anal fistula drainage, and weight gain. Univariate binary logistic regression and multivariate forward-stepwise modeling analysis were used to determine associations with CR. The study cohort comprised 79 patients. After a median follow-up of 36 (3-192) months, 40 (51%) patients achieved a CR. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed both age at diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] 1.05; confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.09; P = .007) and disease duration (HR .91; CI .86-.96; P = .001) to be significantly associated with CR. Later age of onset (HR 1.05; CI 1.01-1.10; P = .002) and shorter disease duration (HR .91; CI .86-.97; P = .02) remained significant on multivariate analysis. This largest reported series of fecal diversion for refractory CD in the biologic drug era revealed that young age at diagnosis and long disease duration are associated with a lower CR.