bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strain‐Multiplex Metalens Array for Tunable Focusing and Imaging
Authors: Ahmed Rajib , Butt Haider 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMetalenses on a flexible template are engineered metal‐dielectric interfaces that improve conventional imaging system and offer dynamic focusing and zooming capabilities by controlling the focal length and bandwidth through a mechanical or external stretch. However, realizing large‐scale and cost‐effective flexible metalenses with high yields in a strain‐multiplex fashion remains as a great challenge. Here, single‐pulsed, maskless light interference and imprinting technique is utilized to fabricate reconfigurable, flexible metalenses on a large‐scale and demonstrate its strain‐multiplex tunable focusing. Experiments, in accordance with the theory, show that applied stretch on the flexible‐template reconfigurable diffractive metalenses (FDMLs) accurately mapped focused wavefront, bandwidth, and focal length. The surface relief metastructures consisted of metal‐coated hemispherical cavities in a hexagonal close‐packed arrangement to enhance tunable focal length, numerical aperture, and fill factor, FF ≈ 100% through normal and angular light illumination with external stretch. The strain‐multiplex of FDMLs approach lays the foundation of a new class of large‐scale, cost‐effective metalens offering tunable light focusing and imaging.
Chlorinated Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione Polymer Donor: A Small Atom Makes a Big Difference
Authors: Chao Pengjie , Chen Hui , Pu Mingrui , Zhu Yulin , Han Liang , Zheng Nan , Zhou Jiadong , Chang Xiaoyong , Mo Daize , Xie Zengqi , Meng Hong , He Feng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe position of a chlorine atom in a charge carrier of polymer solar cells (PSCs) is important to boost their photovoltaic performance. Herein, two chlorinated D‐A conjugated polymers PBBD‐Cl‐α and PBBD‐Cl‐β are synthesized based on two new building blocks (TTO‐Cl‐α and TTO‐Cl‐β) respectively by introducing the chlorine atom into α or β position of the upper thiophene of the highly electron‐deficient benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione moiety. Single‐crystal analysis demonstrates that the chlorine‐free TTO shows a π‐π stacking distance (dπ‐π) of 3.55 Å. When H atom at the α position of thiophene of TTO is replaced by Cl, both π‐π stacking distance (dπ‐π = 3.48 Å) and Cl···S distance (dCl‐S = 4.4 Å) are simultaneously reduced for TTO‐Cl‐α compared with TTO. TTO‐Cl‐β then showed the Cl···S non‐covalent interaction can further shorten the intermolecular π‐π stacking separation to 3.23 Å, much smaller than that of TTO‐Cl‐α and TTO. After blending with BTP‐eC9, PBBD‐Cl‐β:BTP‐eC9‐based PSCs achieved an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.20%, much higher than PBBD:BTP‐eC9 (10.06%) and PBBD‐Cl‐α:BTP‐eC9 (13.35%) based devices. These results provide an effective strategy for design and synthesis of highly efficient donor polymers by precise positioning of the chlorine substitution.
Preexisting dementia is associated with higher mortality rate in patients with femoral neck fracture
Authors: Rajeev Aysha , Ali Mohammed , Tuinebreijer Wim , Zourob Emadeldeen , Anto Joseph 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the mortality and the influence of age, Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) scores, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grades on patients with dementia and femoral neck fracture (FNF) at 30 days, 4 months, 1 year, and 2 years after undergoing surgery.MethodsOf 1296 patients admitted with FNF, 180 had had prefracture dementia. A retrospective study of these 180 patients was carried out. The patient demographics, including age, sex, presence of diabetes mellitus (DM), lipid profile, AMT score, preoperative comorbidities, ASA grade, and incidence of postoperative delirium, were documented.ResultsA total of 113 patients (62.8%) died postoperatively. The mortality rate was 17.7% (20 patients) at 30 days, 54.9% (62 patients) at 4 months, 77.9% (88 patients) at 1 year, and 87.6% (99 patients) at 2 years. The mortally rate in dementia with FNF was three times higher than that in FNF without dementia and was independent of age, ASA grades, DM, lipid profile, AMT scores, and development of postoperative delirium.ConclusionsDementia should be a principal predictive factor in mortality of FNF and should be a key determinant in all frailty scores.
Epilepsy and electroencephalogram evolution in YWHAG gene mutation: A new phenotype and review of the literature
Authors: Stern Tomer , Orenstein Naama , Fellner Avi , Lev‐El Halabi Noa , Shuldiner Alan R. , Gonzaga‐Jauregui Claudia , Lidzbarsky Gabriel , Basel‐Salmon Lina , Goldberg‐Stern Hadassa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA male patient with a de novo mutation in the YWHAG gene and mild phenotype is presented. He had normal delivery and normal development, with normal speech and social milestones. At the age of 9 months, myoclonic seizures started, with generalized epileptiform discharges. The child responded well to levetiracetam monotherapy with complete seizure resolution. Levetiracetam was stopped and he remained seizure‐free for 10 months. His development was appropriate for age according to psychological evaluation and he attended a regular kindergarten. At the age of approximately 4 years, the seizures reappeared with different semiology of staring with eye blinking. Electroencephalogram (EEG) showed multifocal spikes. Brain magnetic resonance imaging did not reveal any structural abnormality. Genetic analysis revealed a de novo likely pathogenic missense variant in the YWHAG gene (c.619G>A p.Glu207Lys). We compared our case to the other cases published in the literature. Our case is unique in its seizure semiology and evolution of EEG. Moreover, in contrast to our case, the majority of cases described in the literature have dysmorphism and intellectual disability or autistic spectrum disorder. This report emphasizes the phenotypic heterogeneity of YWHAG mutation as is the case in other developmental encephalopathies.
Comprehensive Integrative Analyses Identify TIGD5 rs75547282 as a Risk Variant for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Xie Xinyan , Li Li , Wu Hao , Hou Fang , Chen Yanlin , Xue Qi , Zhou Yu , Zhang Jiajia , Gong Jianhua , Song Ranran 
Published: January 2021

Although recent genome‐wide association studies have identified risk loci that strongly associates with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), how to pinpoint the causal genes remains a challenge. We aimed to pinpoint the potential causal genes and explore the possible susceptibility and mechanism. A convergent functional genomics (CFG) method was used to prioritize the candidate genes by combining lines of evidence, including Sherlock analysis, spatio‐temporal expression patterns, expression analysis, protein–protein interactions, co‐expression and association with brain structure. A higher score in the CFG approach suggested that more evidence supported this gene as an ASD risk gene. We screened genes with higher CFG scores for candidate functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A genotyping experiment (602 ASD children and 604 healthy sex‐matched children) and the dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay were followed to validate the effects of SNPs. We identified three genes (MAPT, ZNF285, and TIGD5) as candidate causal genes using the CFG approach. The genotyping experiment showed that TIGD5 rs75547282 was associated with an increased risk of ASD under the dominant model (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.09–1.72, P = 0.006) though the statistical power was limited (5.2%). The T allele of rs75547282 activated the expression of TIGD5 compared with the C allele in the dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Our study indicates that such comprehensive integrative analyses may be an effective way to explore promising ASD susceptibility variants and needs to be further investigated in future research. Genotyping experiments should, however, be based on a larger population sample to increase statistical power.Lay SummaryWe set out to pinpoint the potential causal genes of ASD and explore the possible susceptibility and mechanism by combining lines of evidence from different analyses. Our results show that TIGD5 rs75547282 is associated with the risk of ASD in the Han Chinese population. In addition, a similar framework to seek promising ASD risk variants could be further investigated in future research Autism Res 2021, 14: 631–644. © 2021 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC
Application of natural products for inducing ferroptosis in tumor cells
Authors: Wu Zhengxin , Zhong Mengya , Liu Yu , Xiong Yubo , Gao Zhi , Ma Jingsong , Zhuang Guohong , Hong Xuehui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFerroptosis is a regulated cell death pathway based on the deposition of lipid‐based reactive oxygen species (L‐ROS) in the presence of iron ions. The term was first coined in 2012 by Dixon. Decreased glutathione (GSH) synthesis and low glutathione‐dependent antioxidant peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity are the major causes of ferroptosis. Sensitivity to ferroptosis for example in tumor cells may be further enhanced by high cellular iron concentrations and/or high p53 levels. Therefore, driving ferroptosis in tumor cells could be a new way to treat tumors. Thus far, natural products have played considerable roles in antitumor research and treatment, and some drugs, such as paclitaxel, have proven beneficial in many cancer patients. According to current research, natural products can induce ferroptosis when used alone or in conjunction with other cancer therapies. This review mainly elaborates the main mechanism of ferroptosis and the regulating effects of some natural products on ferroptosis, aiming to create a new space for the research and development of novel anticancer drugs.
Multiple Epithelial Origin Complications Following Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft for Root Coverage
Authors: Wang Ying S. , Bissonnette Caroline , Brett Christopher , McNamara Kristin K. , Tatakis Dimitris N. 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionThe subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) and flap combination is a highly predictable root coverage procedure, with low complication rates. To our knowledge, this article reports the first case of two late SCTG complications, epithelial cell discharge, and subsequent epidermal inclusion cyst (EIC) formation.Case PresentationA 35‐year‐old male presented with a 3‐mm deep Miller Class II recession defect on the mandibular right canine and mesial root of mandibular right first molar. A mild discomfort was reported at 8 weeks after envelope flap+SCTG in #27. At 4 months after the procedure, the patient presented with persistent discomfort and minimally compressible recipient site diffuse swelling with discharge, which was cytologically diagnosed as normal epithelial cells. One year postoperatively, enlargement of the lesion was seen, and excisional biopsy was performed simultaneously with SCTG in #30. The lesion was diagnosed as EIC. At 8 months follow‐up, the site healed uneventfully, the patient remained asymptomatic, and the site exhibited scar formation and no recurrence of the lesion.ConclusionThis report highlights epithelial cell discharge and EIC formation as a rare yet possible SCTG complication and emphasizes the importance of an excisional biopsy as the means to obtain a definitive diagnosis and manage this complication.
Reinforced conservative management of post‐dural puncture headache in a patient with a rare case of tethered cord syndrome using an abdominal binder: A case report
Authors: Park Miyeong , Yu Hokyung , Park Jiyoung , Sohn Ju‐Tae , Park Kyeong‐Eon , Hwang Yeran , Kim Sunmin , Ok Seong‐Ho 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn abdominal binder could be used effectively in a patient showing CSF leakage in the coccygeal area with post‐dural puncture headache, which is not controlled by conventional compressive dressing.
Bio‐inspired hybrid algorithm to optimize pilot tone positions in polar‐code‐based orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing–interleave division multiple access system
Authors: Marne Hemlata , Mukherji Prachi , Jadhav Makarand , Paranjape Sachin 
Published: January 2021

SummaryIn this paper, a hybrid bio‐inspired algorithm is proposed to enhance the performance of channel estimation of the orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing–interleave division multiple access (OFDM–IDMA) system. This algorithm is a fusion of the lion algorithm and group search optimization algorithm named as SU‐LA, scrounger updated lion algorithm. It works on the optimal selection of pilot tone positions that ensure the attainment of the least value of mean square error. Polar code is used for error detection and correction along with Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) and 16 QAM techniques. Carrier frequency offset (CFO), user, and Eb/No factors are selected to analyze their impact on the BER performance in the presence of Rayleigh channel. It is observed that the proposed SU‐LA‐based system with the QAM technique achieves 91.23% enhancement in BER at zero CFO as compared to harmony search‐based system for Eb/No of 12 dB. Further, in the presence of 0.1 CFO, the proposed system retains BER performance. The experimentation is also carried with 16 QAM over various CFOs and the number of users. The BER performance of the proposed system is also superior to the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA)‐based system. The effect of peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) and symbol time offsets is not considered.
Wireless sensor networks and machine learning meet climate change prediction
Authors: Anh Khoa Tran , Quang Minh Nguyen , Hai Son Hoang , Nguyen Dang Khoa Cao , Ngoc Tan Dinh , VanDung Nguyen , Hoang Nam Nguyen , Ngoc Minh Duc Dang , Trung Tin Nguyen 
Published: January 2021

SummaryClimate change is one of the main challenges faced by the development of every country. For countries producing agricultural commodities, the climate affects the quantity and quality of products. Many methods have been proposed to keep track of climate. One traditional method is the weather station model, which indicates the temperature, wind speed, and direction and extent of cloud cover. However, this method of predicting climate change has low accuracy due to geographical variation, for example, mountainous or forested areas. Recently, a combination of wireless sensor networks (WSN) and machine learning (ML) has been considered for prediction with the Internet of Things (IoT), for instance, through a wireless body area network. For climate change prediction, we design and develop a control system that uses node sensors to collect data in sandhills and beaches, with data management conducted via a web application with three components. The first component is designed to collect data from the node sensors. The second component is mainly used to control the system through a web application. The third component uses linear regression in ML to analyze the data to predict weight and volume. The complete system has been tried and tested in real time on a 10‐m2 area of a beach at Binh Thuan province, Vietnam, where sensor node data were wirelessly collected over a cloud using a web application. This enabled assessment of the current state of the land at a coastal sandy beach, as well as prediction of the risk level of desertification and natural disasters.
Design network intrusion detection system using support vector machine
Authors: Ajdani Mahdi , Ghaffary Hamidreza 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe growing use of the Internet and the existence of vulnerable points in networks have made the usage of intrusion detection systems as one of the most important security elements. This study aimed to present a method to design an analytical framework of detecting destructive data with respect to three factors including time, users' information, and scale. The design can be applied for big data. In the proposed method, to train data, the time has been divided into subperiods exploiting users' review information during each period of time, and the data have been trained. Also, storing methods have been applied for scalability to enhance the speed and reduce the volume of computations. The method used in this study is a combination of hardware‐software method to detect destructive data to cluster them (VIRUS TOTAL Dataset). Also, the proposed method applied a new algorithm of modified vector machine, and the efficiency of the algorithm has promoted support vector machine (SVM), designed to operate better than previous methods. The results showed that the proposed method is more acceptable than other previous methods. The results indicated that the method works with the accuracy of 0.97 which can be fairly accepted.
A Hybrid Crow Search and Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm‐based Reliable Non‐Line‐of‐Sight Node Positioning Scheme for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks
Authors: A. Christy Jeba Malar , M. Deva Priya , Janakiraman Sengathir 
Published: January 2021

SummaryVehicular Ad hoc NETwork (VANET) facilitates ubiquitous connectivity for establishing Vehicle‐to‐Vehicle (V2V) communication and supporting Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs). This vehicle communication requires complete coverage within the target range for ensuring reliable message dissemination. High density of vehicles in the intersections introduces challenges due to obstacles such as buildings, foliage, and other moving vehicles, preventing exchange of information about location and message update between vehicles. Non‐Line‐of‐Sight (NLOS) nodes also introduce broadcasting storm problem leading to congestion that prevents emergency messages from reaching the target vehicular nodes. Integration of meta‐heuristic Crow Search Algorithm (CSA) and Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm (GWOA) minimizes the objective function of NLOS localization problem without the solution being trapped into local optima. In this paper, a Hybrid Crow Search and GWOA‐based NLOS Positioning Scheme (HCSGWOA‐NLOS‐PS) is proposed to handle the issue of broadcast storm and facilitate reliability in emergency message delivery. The proposed HCSGWOA‐NLOS‐PS utilizes the benefits of Time of Arrival (ToA) and geographical information‐based cooperative localization agent for attaining efficient NLOS node positioning in the network. It uses the benefits of CSA and GWOA for positioning the NLOS nodes based on the intelligence derived from the crows' conduit and the social attacking behavior of gray wolves that are ideal for balancing the tradeoff between exploration and exploitation. The simulation results of the proposed HCSGWOA‐NLOS‐PS confirm a mean emergency message delivery of 11.82%, neighborhood awareness of 12.38% with reduced localization error rate of 2.36% and minimized delay of 8.64% when compared to the baseline approaches.
Effects of salinity, organic acids and alkalinity on the growth of calcite spherulites: Implications for evaporitic lacustrine sedimentation
Authors: Mercedes‐Martín Ramon , Rao Ashit , Rogerson Mike , Sánchez‐Román Mónica 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLacustrine non‐skeletal carbonates exhibit a diversity of petrographies due to interactions between physico‐chemical and biologically influenced mechanisms. Despite the suggestion that evaporative concentration was involved in the formation of spherulite and shrubby‐bearing carbonate successions in the Pre‐Salt Cretaceous alkaline lakes of the South Atlantic, no consensus exists about the water chemistries promoting these exotic mineral textures. In this work, an experimental approach was developed to evaluate how changes in salinity (NaCl) and biopolymer concentrations (alginic acid) impact calcite growth dynamics from saline and alkaline synthetic solutions. Hydrochemical and petrographical data from selected modern saline/alkaline environments were compared with experimental datasets to further estimate how the underlying (bio)chemical conditions and lake locations probably converge to allow the formation of calcite spherulite grains in evaporitic settings. Spherulitic calcite from Recent saline lakes and experiments arise from waters with moderate to high [Calcium]/[Alkalinity] ratios ([Ca]/[Alk]) rather than in calcium‐depleted and alkaline‐rich environments which tend to produce single‐crystal calcites during abiotic water mixing or lake evaporation. This observation is consistent with the assembly of polycrystalline textures being a kinetically controlled feature, forced by remarkably high rates of nucleation. Also, the data analysed do not support a causative relationship between evaporite‐driven salinity fluctuations and the preferential formation of spherulites, shrubs or their intermediate textures. Ubiquitous in saline lakes, organic substances can lower the kinetic thresholds for spherulitic calcite aggregation while microbial photosynthesis can also raise pH, altogether enhancing calcite supersaturation and promoting spherulite formation in waters with moderate‐high [Ca]/[Alk] ratios and high salinities. Localised observations of abiotic spherulites in Recent soda lakes can occur in restricted mixing zones where [Ca]/[Alk] ratios are enhanced. This work highlights the roles of concentration regimes associated with biopolymers and microbial metabolism against the background salinity fluctuations in determining the morphological and textural transitions in lacustrine carbonate minerals.
Deeper burning in a boreal fen peatland 1‐year post‐wildfire accelerates recovery trajectory of carbon dioxide uptake
Authors: Morison Matthew , van Beest Christine , Macrae Merrin , Nwaishi Felix , Petrone Richard 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPeatlands contain a globally significant store (30%) of soil carbon (C). Within the Canadian Western Boreal Plains, where peatlands are a dominant feature, the climate is becoming warmer and drier, coupled with an increase in forest fire incidence. The response of peatlands to forest fire is likely to be a key determinant in the future of C storage of Boreal peatlands. This study examined the impacts of fire on key environmental controls on CO2 fluxes at the plot‐scale (using static chambers) between burned and unburned understory vegetation throughout the growing season of 2017 in a treed fen impacted by the Horse River wildfire (2016) in Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada. Both gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and total respiration (Rtot) were less at burned plots compared with unburned. Temporal patterns varied between the plots, where both component of CO2 fluxes at the unburned plots were largest in June, whereas at the burned plots, CO2 fluxes peaked in the late growing season. GEP and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) showed a positive relationship with depth of burn, with the deepest burned areas showing significantly greater CO2 uptake, coinciding with both increased bioavailable phosphorus and greater moss recolonization. At the unburned plots, soil temperature was a dominant control on CO2 fluxes. This work demonstrates the importance of the depth of burn to post‐fire carbon fluxes and how a knowledge of burn severity and depth can inform understanding of the recovery trajectory of northern peatlands following fire disturbance.