bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Brownian separable permuton
Authors: Maazoun Mickaël 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Brownian separable permuton is a random probability measure on the unit square, which was introduced by Bassino, Bouvel, Féray, Gerin and Pierrot (2016) as the scaling limit of the diagram of the uniform separable permutation as size grows to infinity. We show that, almost surely, the permuton is the pushforward of the Lebesgue measure on the graph of a random measure-preserving function associated to a Brownian excursion whose strict local minima are decorated with independent and identically distributed signs. As a consequence, its support is almost surely totally disconnected, has Hausdorff dimension one, and enjoys self-similarity properties inherited from those of the Brownian excursion. The density function of the averaged permuton is computed and a connection with the shuffling of the Brownian continuum random tree is explored.
STRONG COMPLETENESS OF MODAL LOGICS OVER 0-DIMENSIONAL METRIC SPACES
Authors: GOLDBLATT ROBERT , HODKINSON IAN 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe prove strong completeness results for some modal logics with the universal modality, with respect to their topological semantics over 0-dimensional dense-in-themselves metric spaces. We also use failure of compactness to show that, for some languages and spaces, no standard modal deductive system is strongly complete.
Dual band circular polarized bow tie slotted patch antenna over high impedance surface for WiMAX application
Authors: Goodwilll Kumar , Singh Neha , Kartikeyan M.V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA novel planar dual-band bow-tie slotted patch antenna backed by high-impedance surface (HIS) is designed at 2.5 and 3.5 GHz for wireless application. The antenna employs coplanar waveguide fed patch and bow-tie slot as radiating elements. The bow-tie slot enables dual-band operation for the antenna. The HIS is made asymmetric in design to make it polarization dependent. This polarization-dependent HIS is eventually designed to reflect circularly polarized waves from linearly polarized incident waves.
High-isolation diplexer based on dual-mode substrate integrated waveguide resonator
Authors: Song Kaijun , Luo Mou , Zhong Cuilin , Chen Yuxuan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA high-isolation diplexer based on a dual-mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) resonator is proposed in this paper. Based on the theory of the dual-mode resonator, the miniaturized diplexers are designed by using the SIW dual-mode resonators. The superior isolation of the diplexers is obtained because the two operating modes of the dual-mode SIW resonators are not directly coupled and there is no interference with each other. In order to further improve the isolation of the circuit, the number of the order of the diplexer is added. Equivalent circuits are given to analyze and design the dual-mode high-isolation diplexers. Detailed analyses are given according to the equivalent circuits. The dual-mode third-order and fourth-order diplexers are designed and fabricated. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones. The total sizes of the fabricated third-order and fourth-order diplexers are 1.78λg × 2.64λg and 1.79λg × 3.63λg, respectively.
Seed retention of winter annual grass weeds at winter wheat harvest maturity shows potential for harvest weed seed control
Authors: Soni Neeta , Nissen Scott J. , Westra Philip , Norsworthy Jason K. , Walsh Michael J. , Gaines Todd A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDowny brome, feral rye, and jointed goatgrass are problematic winter annual grasses in central Great Plains winter wheat production. Integrated control strategies are needed to manage winter annual grasses and reduce selection pressure exerted on these weed populations by the limited herbicide options currently available. Harvest weed-seed control (HWSC) methods aim to remove or destroy weed seeds, thereby reducing seed-bank enrichment at crop harvest. An added advantage is the potential to reduce herbicide-resistant weed seeds that are more likely to be present at harvest, thereby providing a nonchemical resistance-management strategy. Our objective was to assess the potential for HWSC of winter annual grass weeds in winter wheat by measuring seed retention at harvest and destruction percentage in an impact mill. During 2015 and 2016, 40 wheat fields in eastern Colorado were sampled. Seed retention was quantified and compared per weed species by counting seed retained above the harvested fraction of the wheat upper canopy (15 cm and above), seed retained below 15 cm, and shattered seed on the soil surface at wheat harvest. A stand-mounted impact mill device was used to determine the percent seed destruction of grass weed species in processed wheat chaff. Averaged across both years, seed retention (±SE) was 75% ± 2.9%, 90% ± 1.7%, and 76% ± 4.3% for downy brome, feral rye, and jointed goatgrass, respectively. Seed retention was most variable for downy brome, because 59% of the samples had at least 75% seed retention, whereas the proportions for feral rye and jointed goatgrass samples with at least 75% seed retention were 93% and 70%, respectively. Weed seed destruction percentages were at least 98% for all three species. These results suggest HWSC could be implemented as an integrated strategy for winter annual grass management in central Great Plains winter wheat cropping systems.
New Insight Into a Volcanic System: Analogue Investigation of Bubble‐Driven Deformation in an Elastic Conduit
Authors: Manta Fabio , Emadzadeh Adel , Taisne Benoit 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAnalogue and numerical simulations have been widely used to describe the mechanisms of bubble and slug ascent during volcanic eruptions as well as their formation and explosion mechanisms. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanical interaction between the fluid and the surrounding medium. In this work, we report the results from analogue experiments designed to show how deformation of the conduit walls induced by the rising slugs is related to the radiation and propagation of seismic and geodetic signals. For the first time, we investigate the dynamics of bubbles in an elastic conduit unveiling the relationship between slugs and crustal strain accumulation around the conduit. Moreover, we discuss the retroactive effects of the deformed conduit wall on the dynamics of a rising slug, particularly, how the flow is affected, and the eventual implications on the intensity of the eruption. Our results show that the combination of an elastic conduit with a large volume of gas may lead to the development of a new type of slug, here defined as a “super slug,” characterized by tapering towards the tail and a much higher ascent velocity and inner pressure compared with ordinary slugs. This newly observed behavior could be linked to vigorous explosive events.
Seafloor Geodesy in Shallow Water With GPS on an Anchored Spar Buoy
Authors: Xie Surui , Law Jason , Russell Randy , Dixon Timothy H. , Lembke Chad , Malservisi Rocco , Rodgers Mel , Iannaccone Giovanni , Guardato Sergio , Naar David F. , Calore Daniele , Fraticelli Nicola , Brizzolara Jennifer , Gray John W. , Hommeyer Matt , Chen Jing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMeasuring seafloor motion in shallow coastal water is challenging due to strong and highly variable oceanographic effects. Such measurements are potentially useful for monitoring near‐shore coastal subsidence, subsidence due to petroleum withdrawal, strain accumulation/release processes in subduction zones and submerged volcanoes, and certain freshwater applications, such as volcano deformation in caldera‐hosted lakes. We have developed a seafloor geodesy system for this environment based on an anchored spar buoy topped by high‐precision GPS. Orientation of the buoy is measured using a digital compass that provides heading, pitch, and roll information. The combined orientation and GPS tracking data are used to recover the three‐dimensional position of the seafloor marker (anchor). A test system has been deployed in Tampa Bay, Florida, for over 1 year and has weathered several major storms without incident. Even in the presence of strong tidal currents which can deflect the top of the buoy several meters from vertical, daily repeatability in the corrected three‐component position estimates for the anchor is 1–2 cm or better.
Emergent Relationships Among Sea Ice, Longwave Radiation, and the Beaufort High Circulation Exposed Through Parameter Uncertainty Analysis
Authors: Urrego‐Blanco Jorge R. , Hunke Elizabeth C. , Urban Nathan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUsing a perturbed parameter ensemble of a coupled climate model, emerging relationships are identified between sea ice area, net surface longwave radiation, and the atmospheric circulation over the Beaufort gyre. There is a strong positive correlation between sea ice area and the net longwave radiation over the ocean‐ice surface during the melting season and a negative correlation during the freezing season. The mechanisms responsible for the longwave radiation balance at the surface are mainly driven by sea ice variations in the freezing season and by clouds in the melting season. A strong positive (negative) correlation is also found between the fall (summer) total sea ice area in the Arctic and the sea level pressure over the Beaufort High region. It is argued that as sea ice coverage is lost, static stability losses are severe in fall, resulting in enhanced evaporation, vertical motions, and weakening of the general large‐scale anticyclonic circulation of the Beaufort High.
Sedimentary Record of Arc‐Continent Collision Along Mesozoic SW North America (Siuna Belt, Nicaragua)
Authors: Andjić Goran , Escuder‐Viruete Javier , Baumgartner‐Mora Claudia , Baumgartner Peter O. , Mitchell Simon F. , Caron Michèle , Caus Esmeralda 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe western margin of the Caribbean Plate is a typical example where oceanic and continental terranes have amalgamated by subduction, collision, and strike‐slip processes. The boundaries between these blocks, as well as their tectonostratigraphic records, are generally covered by younger deposits and dense tropical vegetation, which may hamper reconstructing the accretionary evolution of the convergent margin. In that context, the study of overlap sedimentary assemblages represents an important tool to constrain the accretion timing of terranes. In northern Central America, the geology of the suture zone between the Chortis Block and the exotic Siuna Intraoceanic Arc indicates that the two terranes were assembled together during a Hauterivian arc‐continent collision (approximately 134–131 Ma). The exotic origin of the intraoceanic arc is based on the nature of metamorphic blocks within and the kinematics of the Siuna Serpentinite Mélange. The short duration of the collision event is suggested by coeval exhumation of the Siuna Serpentinite Mélange and Chortis‐derived coarse sedimentation (El Amparo Formation) along the suture zone, rapidly followed by onset of pelagic sedimentation (Rio Matis Formation). Although the collision appears to have been short lived and preserved only in the suture zone, postcollisional extension affected intra‐arc to back‐arc settings of the Chortis Block and led to the formation of kilometer‐thick extensional basins. We envisage that the convergent margin inboard of SW Mexico—represented by the fringing Guerrero Intraoceanic Arc and the Mixteca continental terrane—underwent similar postcollisional extension, whereas the western margin of the proto‐Caribbean oceanic realm experienced onset of WSW dipping subduction beneath the accreted Siuna Intraoceanic Arc.
Three‐Phase Fractional‐Flow Theory of Foam‐Oil Displacement in Porous Media With Multiple Steady States
Authors: Tang Jinyu , Castañeda Pablo , Marchesin Dan , Rossen William R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the interplay of foam and nonaqueous phases in porous media is key to improving the design of foam for enhanced oil recovery and remediation of aquifers and soils. A widely used implicit‐texture foam model predicts phenomena analogous to cusp catastrophe theory: The surface describing foam apparent viscosity as a function of fractional flows folds backwards on itself. Thus, there are multiple steady states fitting the same injection condition J defined by the injected fractional flows. Numerical simulations suggest the stable injection state among multiple possible states but do not explain the reason. We address the issue of multiple steady states from the perspective of wave propagation, using three‐phase fractional‐flow theory. The wave‐curve method is applied to solve the two conservation equations for composition paths and wave speeds in 1‐D foam‐oil flow. There is a composition path from each possible injection state J to the initial state I satisfying the conservation equations. The stable displacement is the one with wave speeds (characteristic velocities) all positive along the path from J to I. In all cases presented, two of the paths feature negative wave velocity at J; such a solution does not correspond to the physical injection conditions. A stable displacement is achieved by either the upper, strong‐foam state, or lower, collapsed‐foam state but never the intermediate, unstable state. Which state makes the displacement depends on the initial state of a reservoir. The dependence of the choice of the displacing state on initial state is captured by a boundary curve.
On the Exact Distribution of Correlated Extremes in Hydrology
Authors: Lombardo F. , Napolitano F. , Russo F. , Koutsoyiannis D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe analysis of hydrological hazards usually relies on asymptotic results of extreme value theory, which commonly deals with block maxima or peaks over threshold (POT) data series. However, data quality and quantity of block maxima and POT hydrological records do not usually fulfill the basic requirements of extreme value theory, thus making its application questionable and results prone to high uncertainty and low reliability. An alternative approach to better exploit the available information of continuous time series and nonextreme records is to build the exact distribution of maxima (i.e., nonasymptotic extreme value distributions) from a sequence of low‐threshold POT. Practical closed‐form results for this approach do exist only for independent high‐threshold POT series with Poisson occurrences. This study introduces new closed‐form equations of the exact distribution of maxima taken from low‐threshold POT with magnitudes characterized by an arbitrary marginal distribution and first‐order Markovian dependence, and negative binomial occurrences. The proposed model encompasses and generalizes the independent‐Poisson model and allows for analyses relying on significantly larger samples of low‐threshold POT values exhibiting dependence, temporal clustering, and overdispersion. To check the analytical results, we also introduce a new generator (called Gen2Mp) of proper first‐order Markov chains with arbitrary marginal distributions. An illustrative application to long‐term rainfall and streamflow data series shows that our model for the distribution of extreme maxima under dependence takes a step forward in developing more reliable data‐rich‐based analyses of extreme values.
Pore‐Scale Visualization and Quantification of Transient Solute Transport Using Fast Microcomputed Tomography
Authors: Van Offenwert Stefanie , Cnudde Veerle , Bultreys Tom 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSolute transport is important in a variety of applications regarding flow in porous media, such as contaminant groundwater remediation. Most recent experimental studies on this process focus on field‐scale or centimeter‐scale data. However, solute spreading and mixing are strongly influenced by pore‐scale heterogeneity. To study this, we developed a novel methodology to quantify transient solute concentration fields at the pore scale using fast laboratory‐based microcomputed tomography. Tracer injection experiments in samples with different degrees of pore‐scale heterogeneity (porous sintered glass and Bentheimer sandstone) were imaged in 3D by continuous scanning at a time resolution of 15 s and a spatial resolution of 13.4 μm. While our calibration experiments indicated a high uncertainty (1σ) on the concentration in single voxels due to imaging noise (± 27% of the total concentration range), we show that coarse gridding these values per individual pore significantly lowers the uncertainty (± 1.2%). The resulting pore‐based tracer concentrations were used to characterize the transport by calculating the solute's arrival time and transient (filling) time in each pore. The average velocities estimated from the arrival times correspond well to the interstitial velocities calculated from the flow rate. This suggests that the temporal resolution of the experiment was sufficient. Finally, the pore‐based transient filling times, the global concentration moment and the global scalar dissipation rate calculated from our experiments, indicated more dispersion in the sandstone sample than in the more homogeneous sintered glass. The developed method can thus provide more insight in the influence of pore‐scale heterogeneity on solute transport.
How the weather affects the pain of citizen scientists using a smartphone app
Authors: Dixon William G. , Beukenhorst Anna L. , Yimer Belay B. , Cook Louise , Gasparrini Antonio , El-Hay Tal , Hellman Bruce , James Ben , Vicedo-Cabrera Ana M. , Maclure Malcolm , Silva Ricardo , Ainsworth John , Pisaniello Huai Leng , House Thomas , Lunt Mark , Gamble Carolyn , Sanders Caroline , Schultz David M. , Sergeant Jamie C. , McBeth John 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPatients with chronic pain commonly believe their pain is related to the weather. Scientific evidence to support their beliefs is inconclusive, in part due to difficulties in getting a large dataset of patients frequently recording their pain symptoms during a variety of weather conditions. Smartphones allow the opportunity to collect data to overcome these difficulties. Our study Cloudy with a Chance of Pain analysed daily data from 2658 patients collected over a 15-month period. The analysis demonstrated significant yet modest relationships between pain and relative humidity, pressure and wind speed, with correlations remaining even when accounting for mood and physical activity. This research highlights how citizen-science experiments can collect large datasets on real-world populations to address long-standing health questions. These results will act as a starting point for a future system for patients to better manage their health through pain forecasts.
Multiwavelength observations of GRB 140629A
Authors: Hu Y.-D. , Oates S. R. , Lipunov V. M. , Zhang B.-B. , Castro-Tirado A. J. , Jeong S. , Sánchez-Ramírez R. , Tello J. C. , Cunniffe R. , Gorbovskoy E. , Caballero-García M. D. , Pandey S. B. , Kornilov V. G. , Tyurina N. V. , Kuznetsov A. S. , Balanutsa P. V. , Gress O. A. , Gorbunov I. , Vlasenko D. M. , Vladimirov V. V. , Budnev N. M. , Balakin F. , Ershova O. , Krushinski V. V. , Gabovich A. V. , Yurkov V. V. , Gorosabel J. , Moskvitin A. S. , Burenin R. A. , Sokolov V. V. , Delgado I. , Guziy S. , Fernandez-García E. J. , Park I. H. 
Published: October 2019

Aims.We investigate the long gamma-ray burst (GRB) 140629A through multiwavelength observations to derive the properties of the dominant jet and its host galaxy.Methods.The afterglow and host galaxy observations were taken in the optical (Swift/UVOT and various facilities worldwide), infrared (Spitzer), and X-rays (Swift/XRT) between 40 s and 3 yr after the burst trigger.Results.Polarisation observations by the MASTER telescope indicate that this burst is weakly polarised. The optical spectrum contains absorption features, from which we confirm the redshift of the GRB as originating atz = 2.276 ± 0.001. We performed spectral fitting of the X-rays to optical afterglow data and find there is no strong spectral evolution. We determine the hydrogen column densityNHto be 7.2 × 1021cm−2along the line of sight. The afterglow in this burst can be explained by a blast wave jet with a long-lasting central engine expanding into a uniform medium in the slow cooling regime. At the end of energy injection, a normal decay phase is observed in both the optical and X-ray bands. An achromatic jet break is also found in the afterglow light curves ∼0.4 d after trigger. We fit the multiwavelength data simultaneously with a model based on a numerical simulation and find that the observations can be explained by a narrow uniform jet in a dense environment with an opening angle of 6.7° viewed 3.8° off-axis, which released a total energy of 1.4 × 1054erg. Using the redshift and opening angle, we find GRB 140629A follows both the Ghirlanda and Amati relations. From the peak time of the light curve, identified as the onset of the forward shock (181s after trigger), the initial Lorentz factor (Γ0) is constrained in the range 82–118. Fitting the host galaxy photometry, we find the host to be a low mass, star-forming galaxy with a star formation rate of log (SFR) 1.1+0.9−0.4M⊙yr−1. We obtain a value of the neutral hydrogen density by fitting the optical spectrum, logNHI = 21.0 ± 0.3, classifying this host as a damped Lyman-alpha. High ionisation lines (N V, Si IV) are also detected in the spectrum.
Time Tracking of Standard Ultrasound Examinations in Pediatric Hospitals and Pediatric Medical Practices – A Multicenter Study by the Pediatric Section of the German Society of Ultrasound in Medicine (DEGUM)
Authors: Regensburger Adrian P. , Knieling Ferdinand , Feldkamp Axel , Rascher Wolfgang , Diesch Katharina , Woelfle Joachim , Prokosch Hans-Ulrich , Jüngert Jörg 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurpose Ultrasonography is the primary imaging modality in pediatrics but still lacks sufficient reimbursement in Germany. In this multicenter study, national data for the duration of standard ultrasound in pediatrics were systematically documented in order to specify the actual time required.Materials and Methods N = 10 hospitals (N = 5 university hospitals, N = 5 non-university hospitals) and N = 3 medical practices in Germany recorded the entire process of an ultrasound examination in a special protocol developed by the Pediatric Section of the DEGUM. The duration of each of seven single steps during ultrasonography (from data input to final discussion of the results) of different organ systems was logged.Results In total, N = 2118 examinations from different organ systems were recorded. N = 10 organ systems were examined frequently (> 30 times). The total duration of an ultrasound examination was statistically significantly longer in hospitals compared to medical practices (median (IQR) 27 min. (18–38) vs. 12 min. (9–17), p < 0.001). The “hands-on” patient time was approximately one half of the total required time in both settings (49.9 % vs. 48.9 %). Ultrasonography of the abdomen and brain lasted longer in university hospitals than in non-university hospitals (p < 0.001, and p = 0.04, respectively). Cooperation and age did not uniformly correlate with the total duration.Conclusion This study provides novel comprehensive national data for the duration of standardized ultrasound examinations of children and adolescents in Germany. These data are essential for a further evaluation of the economic costs and should support better remuneration in the future.