bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REMOVAL OF HARDNESS IN WASTEWATER EFFLUENT USING MEMBRANE FILTRATION
Authors: DUDZIAK Mariusz , KUDLEK Edyta 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The effluents from urban wastewater treatment plant are characterized by high concentrations of both calcium and magnesium salts which contribute to the hardness of this particular water flux. It applies primarily to places where the distribution systems draw water from underground sources. Using hard water, for instance, in households causes the domestic wastewater to be hard as well. The hardness of wastewater is not a normative indicator. However, it is an important scientific aspect in the field of water reclamation. As part of this work, research of the reduction of the overall hardness of effluent from the selected urban wastewater treatment plant in the Upper Silesia (Poland) was commenced. After the preliminary tests it was determined that, according to the common water hardness classification, the hardness of effluent from the researched treatment plant equals the hardness of hard water (350–550 mg CaCO3/L). In order to reduce the hardness of wastewater effluent a membrane filtration, including nanofiltration and reverse osmosis, was proposed. The processes were performed comparatively with the use of composite pipe membranes of PCI Membrane System Inc. (USA). The membrane used for nanofiltration was AFC-30 and the one for reverse osmosis was AFC-80. In both cases the transmembrane pressure was 2.0 MPa, while temperature and feed linear velocity amounted to 20°C and 3.4 m/s, respectively. It was determined that after both the reverse osmosis and nanofiltration the treated wastewaters were very soft. Therefore, the use of these processes, for instance, for productive purposes, may be considered. It should also be borne in mind that the nanofiltration process was more favorable in terms of membrane effectiveness.
ADDITIONAL INSULATION MATERIALS IN A WINDOW FRAME: EXPERIMENTAL AND CFD ANALYSES
Authors: KOPER Piotr , JANKOWSKA Marta 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
During our research, we tested how addition of insulating material inside a PCV window profile affects improvement of its thermal insulation. The tested insulation types were: PIR board, aerogel mat, and 3D printed additional profiles. The analysis of the heat flux passing through the window frame was carried out using the authors’ methodics, based on measurements of the temperature distribution in operating conditions and CDF simulations. The heat flux passing through the profile is calculated numerically, and the results of measurements are used to validate the accuracy of these simulations. For all the tested cases, simulations accurately reproduced the results of measurements. The heat flux drop compared to unmodified profile was about 9.8% for aerogel mat, 6.9% for PIR board, and 4.3% for 3D printed elements.
TRADITION AND INNOVATION IN SERBIAN 21ST CENTURY ARCHITECTURE – TRADITIONAL MATERIALS, MODERN FORMS AND SUGGESTED DESIGNS
Authors: MILOŚEVIĆ Predrag , MILOŚEVIĆ Vladimir , MILOŚEVIĆ Grigor 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
It would seem that the need to preserve traditional building heritage is slowly gaining importance in modern day Serbia. As well as the need to develop modern house types that resembles traditional ones. The old master builders, whilst building homes in local towns and villages not only left their mark on every building they created, but a mark of the times and conditions in which they lived and worked. Their ambitions were furthered by the wish of the inhabitants of the future house, who wanted their dwelling to have aesthetic value beside its functional value, which resulted in many shapes and forms of simple residencies. Traditional forms were always used as a base for developing modern dwellings, least in the sense of proportion and size of buildings. These parameters – the size of the building, rooms and objects – were determined over centuries, and were suited to the proportions of man, his age, height and movement through the building. As a result of these proportions came all the logic in the layout of the home as a whole, even the small details.
IT TECHNOLOGIES IN ARCHITECTURE AND SPACE REPRESENTATION. BRUNO ZEVI METHODS REVISED
Authors: ŚLIWA Aleksandra 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Space representation methods as described by Bruno Zevi in “Architecture as space” are still valid today. Projections, elevations, models, photos and films are commonly used and all of them define the space in a specific way, yet none defines it completely. The development of IT technologies caused emergence of new methods which shape the picture of today’s architecture. Originally, a conventional technical drawing was adapted to the computer environment, but it was the 3D technology that revolutionized spatial representation, by restoring priority to the three-dimensional aspect of reality. Models allow us to explore the virtual reality, which is a huge progress in spatial representation. Thanks to advanced software, buildings of complex structure are formed, bearing testimony of their times – times of IT technologies. A flawless spatial representation method that perhaps will be known in the future should satisfy multi-plane needs of the observer, who experiences the represented space with all senses and impacts it as well.
TECHNICAL CONDITIONS OF THE UNIQUE STRUCTURE OF INVERTED SIPHON – HISTORY & PRESENT
Authors: HULIMKA Jacek , KAŁUŻA Marta 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
An inverted siphon is sometimes used to enable a watercourse to pass under an obstacle. Such solution is usually applied for irrigation and sewage canals, but it is rarely observed in the case of rivers. There are two such passages in Poland the bigger one is the Klodnica River siphon under the Gliwice Canal, commissioned in 1936. The first part of the paper presents the history of the Gliwice Canal and, simultaneously, of the Klodnica River siphon. The further part describes the structure of the siphon and its usage assumptions as well as the technical condition of the construction after nearly 80 years of operation, including inspection results concerning the underwater parts. The description is supplemented with results of chemical examinations. Basic repair recommendations are also provided.
THE USAGE OF ULTRASOUNDS TO DISINTEGRATE ESCHERICHIA COLI BACTERIA CONTAINED IN TREATED WASTEWATER
Authors: HAWRYLIK Eliza 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Sewage and sewage sludge is a place of the occurrence of many microorganisms, including pathogenic and relatively pathogenic bacteria. They may reach other environments, e.g. receiver waters or soil, thus creating a biological threat.
The aim of this paper was to study, in laboratory conditions, the effect of low-frequency ultrasound on the disintegration of Escherichia coli bacteria present in purified wastewater. E. coli bacilli and ultrapure water were used for the study. The samples were exposed to ultrasounds at 20 and 40 kHz for variable time of sonication and at two different modes of the ultrasonic cleaner operation: continuous and pulsed. Studies have shown that ultrasound has an effective impact on E. coli bacilli. Already the 3-minute interaction of ultrasounds at 20 kHz with the pulsation mode of impact of the device caused a decrease in the number of these bacteria by over 90%. The 20-minute operation of 40 kHz ultrasound waves resulted in a decrease in the amount of bacteria by nearly 70% compared to the control.
The obtained results, therefore, indicate the possibility of using the disintegration process of low frequency ultrasounds for removing Escherichia coli bacteria present in treated wastewater.
THE INVESTMENT EXPENDITURES ON ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND WATER MANAGEMENT IN POLAND IN 2003–2017
Authors: OSZCZAPIŃSKA Katarzyna 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyse the investment expenditures on environment protection and water management, taking into account tangible effects created in 2003–2017. The considered time period has been selected to evaluate the impact of Poland’s accession to the European Union on environment protection development.
Information about investment expenditures and created tangible effects were collected from Local Data Bank within Statistics Poland [1]. The research included increase in four basic areas within environment protection among nine domains listed in CEPA (Classification of Environmental Protection Activities): sewage and water management, air protection and waste management [2]. Moreover, analysis of funding sources, investment directions in division into environment protection and water management domains as well as the increase in the amount of new fixed assets were presented. While analysing outlays on fixed assets for environment protection it can be noticed that in 2003–2017, the investment costs on wastewater management and water protection represented the highest percentage from all tasks. These expenditures amounted on average PLN 70.6 per capita in Poland in 2017. The second most subsidized domain in terms of investing in fixed assets in 2017 was protection of ambient air and climate (PLN 60.2 per capita), while waste management with PLN 22.6 per capita was in third place.
Effect of gas type and salinity on performance of produced water desalination using gas hydrates
Authors: Fakharian Hajar , Ganji Hamid , Naderifar Abbas , Mofrad Hossein Rahimi , Kakavand Majid 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In recent years, formation of gas hydrate has been considered as a suitable method for brine water desalination. In this study, for saline produced water treatment, design of experiment with two factors, the type of gas and electrical conductivity of initial brine solution (EC0) as a measure of salinity, were applied and removal efficiencies were analyzed. For this purpose, two different hydrate formers, CO2 and natural gas (NG) were separately mixed with different produced water samples. The hydrate formation reactions were carried out at 274.2 K in 35 and 95 bar, respectively, and removal efficiencies of produced water samples were tested. It has been found that with a three-stage hydrate process, 86% of dissolved minerals can be removed by the desalination process using CO2 hydrate formation gas while this amount will be 82% when NG is applied as hydrate former. Analysis of experiments indicated that the desalting efficiency depends on the hydrate-forming gas (CO2 &gt; NG) as well as the amount of EC0 (high EC0 &gt; low EC0).
Impact pressure distribution of inverted arch plunge pool for large discharge
Authors: Wang Yu , Hu Yaan , Gu Jinde , Peng Yu , Xue Yang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In view of high water head and large discharge in the release structures of hydraulic projects, the inverted arch plunge pool has been put forward due to higher overload capability and stability. Impact pressure on the bottom is a serious concern in design safety precautions, however, the quantitative impact pressure distribution in the inverted arch plunge pool is not yet elucidated. In this study, a novel approach is presented to estimate the impact pressure of an inverted arch plunge pool. Impact pressure characteristics are experimentally investigated under different hydraulic conditions. The results detailed the effect of relative discharge coefficient and the deflection angle relative to the vertical central axis of the plunge pool bottom. The predicting formulas of impact pressure distribution are derived within small relative errors, and the proposed approaches have good applicability in three case studies. The achievements of this investigation are used to define issuance parameters relevant for engineering practice.
Electrical capacitance of resistive film in plane-layered medium
Authors: Konnikov I. A. 
Published: November 2019

The parasitic capaciences of film resistors can dramatically affect the output parameters of a microelectronic unit. A technique for computation of these capacitances is necessary for construction of mathematical models for CAD which are to be employed at the stage of circuit simulation, this stipulating the actuality of developing the technique for computations of the capacitances. The article presents analytic expressions for the capacitance of a current-carrying rectangular high-resistance film conductor (resistor), i. e., resistor stripe. The expressions describe the dependence of the capacitance on a non-uniformity of the charge distribution along the vector of the current density. The bounds within which the resistor’s capacitance changes with the ultimate change of the load resistance from 0 to ¥ are found. The estimation of the error caused by a computation of a resistor’s capacitance using formulae intended for a computation of a conductor capacitance is presented. A substantial nonlinearity of the input impedance of the film resistor is revealed. The nonlinearity is caused by a charge redistribution which takes place if the film resistor’s load resistance changes during the functioning of the integrated circuit.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Synchronous Chat Sessions to Treat Adolescent Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Topooco Naira , Byléhn Sandra , Dahlström Nysäter Ellen , Holmlund Jenny , Lindegaard Johanna , Johansson Sanna , Åberg Linnea , Bergman Nordgren Lise , Zetterqvist Maria , Andersson Gerhard 
Published: November 2019

Background
Depression is a common and serious problem among adolescents, but few seek or have access to therapy. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapies (ICBTs), developed to increase treatment access, show promise in reducing depression. The inclusion of coach support in treatment is desired and may be needed.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of an ICBT protocol blended with weekly real-time therapist sessions via chat; blended treatment, for adolescent depression, including major depressive episode (MDE). The protocol has previously been evaluated in a controlled study.

Methods
In a two-arm randomized controlled trial, adolescents 15 to 19 years of age were recruited through a community setting at the national level in Sweden (n=70) and allocated to either 8 weeks of treatment or to minimal attention control. Depression was assessed at baseline, at posttreatment, and at 12 months following treatment (in the intervention group). The primary outcome was self-reported depression level as measured with the Beck Depression Inventory II at posttreatment. The intervention was offered without the need for parental consent.

Results
Over two weeks, 162 adolescents registered and completed the baseline screening. Eligible participants (n=70) were on average 17.5 years of age (SD 1.15), female (96%, 67/70), suffered from MDE (76%, 53/70), had no previous treatment experience (64%, 45/70), and reported guardian(s) to be aware about their depression state (71%, 50/70). The average intervention completion was 74% (11.8 of 16 modules and sessions). Following the treatment, ICBT participants demonstrated a significant decrease in depression symptoms compared with controls (P<.001), corresponding to a large between-group effect (intention-to-treat analysis: d=0.86, 95% CI 0.37-1.35; of completer analysis: d=0.99, 95% CI 0.48-1.51). A significant between-group effect was observed in the secondary depression outcome (P=.003); clinically significant improvement was found in 46% (16/35) of ICBT participants compared with 11% (4/35) in the control group (P=.001).

Conclusions
The results are in line with our previous study, further demonstrating that adolescents with depression can successfully be engaged in and experience significant improvement following ICBT blended with therapist chat sessions. Findings on participants’ age and baseline depression severity are of interest in relation to used study methods.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02363205; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02363205
Quantifying Donor Effects on Transplant Outcomes Using Kidney Pairs from Deceased Donors
Authors: Kerr Kathleen F. , Morenz Eric R. , Thiessen-Philbrook Heather , Coca Steven G. , Wilson F. Perry , Reese Peter P. , Parikh Chirag R. 
Published: November 2019

Background and objectives
In kidney transplantation, the relative contribution of donor versus other factors on clinical outcomes is unknown. We sought to quantify overall donor effects on transplant outcomes for kidney donations from deceased donors.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
For paired donations from deceased donors resulting in transplants to different recipients, the magnitude of donor effects can be quantified by examining the excess of concordant outcomes within kidney pairs beyond chance concordance. Using data from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network between the years 2013 and 2017, we examined concordance measures for delayed graft function, death-censored 1-year graft failure, and death-censored 3-year graft failure. The concordance measures were excess relative risk, excess absolute risk, and the fixation index (where zero is no concordance and one is perfect concordance). We further examined concordance in strata of kidneys with similar values of the Kidney Donor Profile Index, a common metric of organ quality.

Results
If the transplant of the kidney mate resulted in delayed graft function, risk for delayed graft function was 19% higher (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 18% to 20%), or 1.76-fold higher (95% CI, 1.73- to 1.80-fold), than baseline. If a kidney graft failed within 1 year, then the kidney mate’s risk of failure was 6% higher (95% CI, 4% to 9%), or 2.85-fold higher (95% CI, 2.25- to 3.48-fold), than baseline. For 3-year graft failure, the excess absolute risk was 7% (95% CI, 4% to 10%) but excess relative risk was smaller, 1.91-fold (95% CI, 1.56- to 2.28-fold). Fixation indices were 0.25 for delayed graft function (95% CI, 0.24 to 0.27), 0.07 for 1-year graft failure (95% CI, 0.04 to 0.09), and 0.07 for 3-year graft failure (95% CI, 0.04 to 0.10). Results were similar in strata of kidneys with a similar Kidney Donor Profile Index.

Conclusions
Overall results indicated that the donor constitution has small or moderate effect on post-transplant clinical outcomes.
FROM STREET DANCES AND 'BREAKING' TO NIGHT CLUBBING: POPULAR ENTERTAINMENT AS CULTURAL AND SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN CONTEMPORARY ATHENS
Authors: Koutsougera Natalia 
Published: November 2019

This paper is an anthropological portrayal of two cultural forms of popular entertainment, with a central emphasis on their dance practices: hip hop dance styles and night clubbing. Their main components are discussed in relation to emotions, materials and regulatory language and how these surround the sense of authenticity of the self, grounding the notion of the popular. Breakdance, street dances of the Athens hip hop scene and night clubbing practices in the western suburbs of Athens unravel in a descriptive manner in order to illuminate their interwoven elements in terms of authenticity and the permutations of the popular. The cultural and symbolic agendas of the subjectivities and collectivities engaged in these popular cultural forms unveil, along with the ways global and local discourses intersect, to produce a territory for identity formation. By highlighting the key aspects of popular entertainment in contemporary Greece, the aim of this article is to contribute to the anthropological study of popular culture by pointing out its role in the processes of shaping and performing subjectivity and in the production of authenticity.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI OUTCOME TERAPI PASIEN PNEUMONIA DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT FATMAWATI JAKARTA
Authors: Setiadi Feri , Kumala Shirly , R Hesty Utami , Subhan Ahmad 
Published: November 2019

Berdasarkan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas)2018 prevalensi pneumonia di jakarta 2.3 %. Pneumoni mempunyai case fatality rate (CFR) yang tinggi yaitu 7.6% sehingga beresiko mempunyai outcome terapi yang tidak baik. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi outcome terapi pasien pneumonia di RSUP Fatmawati. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara retrospektif dengan metode cross sectional pada pasien pneumonia (hospital acquired pneumonia/HAP dan community-acquired pneumonia/CAP) yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi selama periode januari-september 2018. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengkajian data rekam medis pasien. Ada dua jenis outcome terapi yang digunakan yaitu pasien pulang/sembuh dan pasien meninggal. Analisis faktor yang mempengaruhi outcome dilakukan dengan uji chi square menggunakan SPSS. Selama penelitian didapatkan 40 pasien memenuhi kriteria inklusi terdiri dari 22 HAP dan 18 CAP. Hasil umur pasien (65.0%) berada pada kelompok usia 17-65 tahun. Lebih banyak pasien laki-laki (57.5%) dibandingkan pasien perempuan (42.5%). Sebagian besar pasien (37.5%) di rawat selama 8-14 hari. Penggunaan antibiotik (35.0%) terbanyak digunakan antibiotik ceftriaxone golongan sefalosporin. Proporsi pasien dengan outcome sembuh/pulang sebanyak (52.5%) dan pasien meninggal ( 47.5%). Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan faktor yang signifikan mempengaruhi outcome adalah penyakit penyerta (P=0.022) Adapun faktor yang tidak ada hubungan bermakna terhadap outcome pasien pneumonia yaitu: usia pasien, lama perawatan dan kerasionalan antibiotik.
PENGARUH PELAYANAN HOME CARE APOTEKER TERHADAP TINGKAT KEPATUHAN, KEPUASAN DAN OUTCOME KLINIS PASIEN HIPERTENSI DI APOTEK
Authors: Y Ricky Chaerul , R Hesty Utami , Anggriani Yusi , Saragih Sahat 
Published: November 2019

Prevalensi hipertensi menurut Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2018 sebesar 34,1% meningkat 8,3% dibandingkan Riskesdas 2013. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Apotek X (kelompok intervensi) dan Apotek Y (Kelompok kontrol). Penelitian ini dilakukan secara prospektif selama tiga bulan dengan desain quasy experimental. Home care dilakukan melalui pemberian edukasi oleh apoteker dan pengukuran tekanan darah bulan ke-1 sampai ke-3.Untuk mengukur kepatuhan digunakan pill count. Untuk mengukur kepuasan digunakan kuesioner kepuasan pelanggan yang diberikan pada awal dan akhir penelitian. Outcome diukur tekanan darah setiap bulan. Data diperoleh dari 110 responden (60 kelompok intervensi dan 50 kelompok kontrol). Pada tingkat kepatuhan diawal penelitian semua responden di kedua kelompok masuk ke dalam kategori tidak patuh. Setelah dilakukan intervensi terdapat perbedaan pada kelompok intervensi dimana 90% responden kelompok intervensi menunjukan kepatuhan, tetapi tidak terjadi perubahan di kelompok kontrol (p-value 0,00). Untuk parameter kepuasan tidak terjadi perubahan pada bulan pertama dan bulan terakhir penelitian dimana tingkat kepuasan merasa puas di kelompok intervensi dan cukup puas pada kelompok kontrol. Untuk outcome klinis pada kondisi awal tidak ada perbedaan tekanan darah di dua kelompok. Setelah dilakukan intervensi penurunan sistol sebesar 14,8 mmHg pada kelompok intervensi dan penurunan sistol dikelompok kontrol 1,8 mmHg (p-value 0,00). Penurunan diastol 3,6 mmHg kelompok intervensi dan 3,4 mmHg kelompok kontrol (p-value 0,833). Dari hasil ini disimpulkan pemberian edukasi melalui home care dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan, kepuasan dan outcome klinis pasien hipertensi.