bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and Isolation of Asymptomatic Individuals Can Make The Difference in COVID-19 Epidemic Management
Authors: Mayorga Lia , Samartino Clara García , Flores Gabriel , Masuelli Sofía , Sánchez María V. , Mayorga Luis S. , Sánchez Cristián G. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Mathematical modelling of infectious diseases is a powerful tool for the design of management policies and a fundamental part of the arsenal currently deployed to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We present a compartmental model for the disease where symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals move separately. We introduced healthcare burden parameters allowing to infer possible containment and suppression strategies. In addition, the model was scaled up to describe different interconnected areas, giving the possibility to trigger regionalized measures. It was specially adjusted to Mendoza-Argentina’s parameters, but is easily adaptable for elsewhere. Results: Overall, the simulations we carried out were notably more effective when mitigation measures were not relaxed in between the suppressive actions. Since asymptomatics or very mildly affected patients are the vast majority, we studied the impact of detecting and isolating them. The removal of asymptomatics from the infectious pool remarkably lowered the effective reproduction number, healthcare burden and overall fatality. Furthermore, different suppression triggers regarding ICU occupancy were attempted. The best scenario was found to be the combination of ICU occupancy triggers (on: 50%, off: 30%) with the detection and isolation of asymptomatic individuals. In the ideal assumption that 45% of the asymptomatics could be detected and isolated, there would be no need for complete lockdown, and Mendoza’s healthcare system would not collapse. Conclusions: Our model and its analysis inform that the detection and isolation of all infected individuals, without leaving aside the asymptomatic group is the key to surpass this pandemic.
Long-distance airborne dispersal of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 wards
Authors: Nissen Karolina , Krambrich Janina , Akaberi Dario , Hoffman Tove , Ling Jiaxin , Lundkvist Åke , Salaneck Erik 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 can be dispersed and potentially transmitted by aerosols, directly or via ventilation systems. We report detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19 ward ceiling vent openings as well as in ventilation exhaust filters and central ducts up to at least 56 meters from patient areas. As this ventilation system provides low air flow, we propose that viral particles may be readily dispersed in air over vast distances and that further investigations of infectivity of airborne SARS-CoV-2 must be performed.
Availability of laboratory diagnosis of gonorrhoea and its meaning in case reporting in Shandong province, China
Authors: Chen Xinlong , Gan Yanling , liu dianchang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

The aim of this study is to understand the availability of laboratory diagnosis of gonorrhoea in Shandong province and its meaning in case reporting.
Methods

Two surveys were conducted among hospitals providing clinical services for sexually transmitted infection(STI) in Shandong Province in 2012 and 2018. The availability of laboratory tests for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and distribution of reported gonorrhea cases were compared among different hospitals provided clinical services for STI in Shandong province. Descriptive analysis and Chi-square were used for statistical analysis.
Results

Smear, culture and PCR tests for NG were used among 301(74.69%), 123(30.52%), 43(10.67%) hospitals in 2012 and 356(74.48%), 176(36.82%) and 73(15.27%) hospitals in 2018, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the availability of smear among hospitals at different levels (X2 = 12.159, p = 0.000) and with different affiliations(X2 = 4.551, p = 0.033) in 2018. Significant differences were observed in the availability of culture and PCR tests among hospitals at different levels both in 2012 (X2 = 34.532, p = 0.000; X2 = 7.380, p = 0.007) and 2018 (X2 = 49.820, p = 0.000; X2 = 21.658, p = 0.000). The availability of culture and PCR tests for NG among hospitals in 2018 was higher than that in 2012 (X2 = 3.870, p = 0.049; X2 = 4.050, p = 0.044). More hospitals reported gonorrhea cases in 2018 than in 2012 (X2 = 6.768, p = 0.009). A significant difference was observed in distribution of case reporting among hospitals at different levels in 2018 (X2 = 6.975, p = 0.008) and among different types of hospitals both in 2012 (X2 = 52.362, p = 0.000) and 2018 (X2 = 74.478, p = 0.000).
Conclusion

Poor availability of NG laboratory tests affects case reporting and is a crucial reason leading to high sex ratio and underreporting of gonorrhea cases in Shandong province.
Trial registration
Not applicable
In Cervical Arthroplasty Only Prostheses With Flexible Biomechanical Properties Should Be Used for Achieving a Near-physiological Motion Pattern
Authors: Muehlbauer Manfred , Tomasch Ernst , Sinz Wolfgang , Trattnig Siegfried , Steffan Hermann 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background:In cervical arthroplasty, qualitative motion analysis generally investigates the position of the Center of Rotation (COR) before and after surgery.But is the prae-op COR suitable as reference? We believe that only a comparison against healthy individuals can answer whether a physiological motion pattern has been achieved. The aim of our study was to examine how the COR for flexion / extension after insertion of 3 biomechanically completely different types of disc prosthesescompares to healthy volunteers,and whether and how prosthesis design contributes to a more natural or maybe even worse motion pattern.Methods: In 15 healthy volunteers MRI in flexion and in extension was taken, and the coordinates for the CORs (COR-HV) from C3 to C7 were determined.Thenprae- and post-op flexion-/extension x-rays from 30 patients with a one-level disc prosthesis underwent analysis for determination of COR from C3 to C7; 10 patients who received a Bryan-, a Prestige STLP- or a Discover prosthesis were chosen, respectively. Change of post-op COR position wasinvestigated in relation to the COR-HV.Results:The pre-operative COR is not congruent with the COR found in healthy subjects and therefore cannot be used as reference for investigation whether a disc prosthesis resembles natural motion. However, the comparison with healthy individuals shows that Prosthesis-insertion can change the coordinates of the COR to any direction in all levels from C3/4 to C6/7 regardless of the operated segment. Prostheses with flexible biomechanical properties can contribute to shift the COR towards normal, but devices with unphysiological biomechanical design, like fixed ball-socket designs, for instance, can make the motion pattern even worse.Conclusions: In cervical arthroplasty, the biomechanical concept of the prosthesis has a significant impact whether a near-physiological motion pattern can be achieved or not.As it is rumor but not scientifically proofed that prosthesis-design has no influence on clinical outcome, surgeons should only choose devices with flexible biomechanical properties for disc replacement.
Improved dynamics of sharing research findings in the COVID-19 epidemic compared with the SARS and Ebola epidemics
Authors: Khanali Javad , Malekpour Mohammad Reza , Kolahi Ali-Asghar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: When a new or re-emergent pathogen, such as SARS-CoV-2, causes a major outbreak, rapid access to pertinent research findings is crucial for planning strategies and decision making. We asked whether the speed of sharing research results in the COVID-19 epidemic was higher than the SARS and Ebola epidemics. We also asked whether there is any difference in the most frequent topics investigated before and after the COVID-19, SARS, and Ebola epidemics started. Method: We used PubMed database search tools to determine the time-period it took for the number of articles to rise after the epidemics started and the most frequent topics assigned to the articles. Results: The main results were, first, the rise in the number of articles occurred six weeks after the COVID-19 epidemic started whereas, this rise occurred five months after the SARS and seven months after the Ebola epidemics started. Second, etiology, statistics & numerical data, and epidemiology were the three most frequent topics investigated in the COVID-19 epidemic. However, etiology, microbiology, and genetics in the SARS epidemic, and statistics & numerical data, epidemiology, and prevention & control in the Ebola epidemic were more frequently studied compared with other topics. Third, some topics were studied more frequently after the epidemics started. Conclusion: The speed of sharing results in the COVID-19 epidemic was much higher than the SARS and Ebola epidemics and that there is a difference in the most frequent articles’ topics investigated in these three epidemics. Due to the value of time in controlling epidemics spread, the study highlights the necessity of defining more solutions for rapid providing pertinent research findings in fighting against the next public health emergency.
Psychological, Social and Technical Factors Influencing Electronic Medical Records Systems Adoption by U.S. Physicians: A Systematic Model
Authors: El-Yafouri Raghid , Klieb Leslie , Sabatier Valérie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Wide adoption of electronic medical records (EMR) systems in the United States can lead to better quality medical care at a lower cost. Despite the laws and financial subsidies by the U.S. government for service providers and suppliers, the adoption has been slow. Understanding the EMR adoption drivers for physicians and the role of policymaking can translate into increased adoption rate and enhanced information sharing between medical care providers. Methods: Physicians across the United States were surveyed to gather primary data on their psychological, social, and technical perceptions toward EMR systems. This quantitative study builds on the Theory of Planned Behavior, the Technology Acceptance Model, and the Diffusion of Innovation theory to propose, test, and validate an innovation adoption model for the health care industry. 382 responses were collected and data were analyzed via linear regression to uncover the effects of 12 variables on the intention to adopt EMR systems.Results: Regression model testing uncovers that government policymaking or mandates and other social factors have little or negligible effect on physicians’ intention to adopt an innovation. Rather, physicians are directly driven by their attitudes and ability to control, and indirectly motivated by their knowledge of the innovation, the financial ability to acquire the system, the holistic benefits to their industry, and the relative advancement of the system compared to others.Conclusions: A unidirectional mandate from the government is not sufficient for physicians to adopt an innovation. Government, health care associations, and EMR system vendors can benefit from our findings by working toward increasing the physicians’ knowledge of the proposed innovation, socializing how medical care providers and the overall industry can benefit from EMR system adoption, and solving for the financial burden of system implementation and sustainment.
Identifying Exosomes as a Messenger Unit During Heterochronic Parabiosis for Amelioration of Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Lee Mijung , Im Wooseok , Kim Manho 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background:Huntington’s disease (HD) starts its pathology long before clinical manifestation, however, there is no therapy to cure it completely and only a few studies have been reported for delaying the progression of HD. We demonstrated the blood sharing effect by heterochronic parabiosis in HD and explored the underlying mechanism for transferring positive factors in the young blood serum.A shared blood circulation by heterochronic parabiosis has improved behavioral performance and HD pathology through mediation of mitochondria dysfunction and cell death. Furthermore, the messenger unit for the effective components in young blood is identified for the first time to the best of our knowledge.Methods:R6/2 mice were surgically connected with young wild-type mice (n=13), old wild-type mice (n=8), or R6/2 mice (n=6) to examine the effect of heterochronic parabiosis.Parabionts composed of 5- to 6-week-old transgenic and wild-type mice were observed for 6 weeks in a single cage. The in vitro cellular model of HD cells were treated by the 200 μg/mlblood serum of the young or old mice, and by the exosomes isolated from thereof. Thein vitro cellular model of HD were developed by differentiating neural stem cells cultured from SVZ of the brain.Results:After the heterochronic parabiosis, the weight loss and survival of HD mice was improved, and also, mutant Huntingtin aggregation (EM48 p<0.005), improvement of mitochondria dysfunction (PGC-1a p<0.05, p-CREB/CREB p<0.005), cell death (p53 p<0.05, Bax p<0.05, Cleaved-caspase3 p<0.05),and cognition (DCX p<0.5) showed a near complete restoration. In addition, treatment of exosomes from young blood serum to thein vitro cellular model of HD improved mutant Huntingtin aggregation (EM48 p<0.05), mitochondria biogenesis (p-CREB/CREB p<0.005), cell death (p53 p<0.05, Bax p<0.005, Cleaved-caspase3 p<0.05, Bcl-2 p<0.05), and cell proliferation (WST-1 p<0.005).Conclusions:We found that the overall pathology of HD is improved by the shared blood circulation through heterochronic parabiosis, furthermore, we demonstrated that the exosomes are messengers for transferring positive factors,showing the potential of exosomes from young bloodfor the amelioration of HD.
Future patient distribution and incidence in hemato-oncology: a study using data from the cancer registry in Kanagawa, Japan
Authors: Narimatsu Hiroto , Nakamura Sho , Sakaguchi Masahiko , Katayama Kayoko 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe distribution of patients with hematological malignancies will probably markedly change because society is aging. We assessed the expected incidence rates of leukemia, malignant lymphoma, and multiple myeloma using estimates of the nation’s population and Kanagawa Cancer Registry data.METHODSTo estimate the future incidence, we multiplied the 2010 rate by the predicted population according to age groups.RESULTS The total number of patients newly diagnosed as having hematological malignancy in Kanagawa in 2010 was 1,970. This was predicted to increase to 2,581 in 2025 and to decrease to 2,712 in 2040. Trends were almost the same for all three hematological malignancies. The incidence rates of the three hematological malignancies were predicted to continuously increase in patients aged ≥65 years: a 169% (450/266) increase in leukemia, 167% (1205/722) increase in malignant lymphoma, and 169% (309/183) increase in multiple myeloma from 2010 to 2040. In the group of patients aged <65 years, the incidence rates of these hematological malignancies were predicted to decrease.CONCLUSIONS The distribution of patients will change in the future: the number of elderly patients will increase, and the number of patients living in urban areas will increase. This prediction may have a great impact on the future health care plan.
Higher Locoregional Recurrence in Hormone Receptor-Negative Breast Cancer Patients with Residual Disease after Neoadjuvant Treatment Undergoing Breast Conservation Surgery
Authors: Chou Hsu-Huan , Chung Wei-Shan , Ding Rong-Yao , Kuo Wen-Ling , Yu Chi-Chang , Tsai Hsiu-Pei , Shen Shih-Che , Chu Chia-Hui , Lo Yung-Feng , Chen Shin-Cheh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has been the standard treatment for locally advanced breast cancer for the purpose of downstaging or for conversion from mastectomy to breast conservation surgery (BCS). There is still a high locoregional recurrence (LRR) rate after NAC. The aim of this study was to determine predictive factors for locoregional recurrence (LRR) in breast cancer patients after NAC. Materials and Methods: Between 2005 and 2017, 1047 breast cancer patients underwent BCS or mastectomy after NAC in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou. We obtained data regarding patient and tumor characteristics, chemotherapy regimens, clinical tumor response, tumor subtypes and pathological complete response (pCR), type of surgery, and recurrence.Results: The median follow-up time was 45.1 months (range 0.1-160.3 months). The mean initial tumor size was 4.89 cm (SD ±2.95 cm). Of the 1047 NAC patients, 232 (22.2%) achieved pCR. The BCS and mastectomy rates were 41% and 59%, respectively. Overall, 240 patients experienced tumor recurrence (22.9%). Thirty-five cases of LRR (14.3%) were noted following BCS, of which 4.3% achieved pCR. Multivariate analysis indicated that independent factors for the prediction of LRR included hormone receptor negative/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HR-/HER2+) subtype, HR-/HER2- subtype, and failure to achieve pCR. Further investigation according to the molecular subtype showed that following BCS, HR-/HER2+ non-pCR group had significantly increased LRR compared with the HR+/HER2+ pCR group (22.2% vs 6.3%, p<0.05), and the HR-/HER2-non-pCR group had significantly increased LRR compared with the HR-/HER2-pCR group (0% vs 20.4%, p<0.005). Conclusion: Pathological response after NAC is related to the risk of developing LRR. The LRR rate was higher in non-pCR patients after NAC, especially in hormone receptor-negative patients undergoing BCS. Therefore, both the pathological response status and molecular subtype should be carefully considered when considering candidates for BCS after NAC.
Spinal Epidural Abscess in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Talamonti Giuseppe , Colistra Davide , Crisà Francesco , Cenzato Marco , Giorgi Pietro , D'Aliberti Giuseppe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective: To report the peculiarities of spinal epidural abscess in COVID-19 patients, because we observed an unusually high number of these patients following the outbreak of SARS-Corona Virus-2.Methods: We reviewed the clinical documentation of six consecutive COVID-19 patients with primary spinal epidural abscess that we had to surgically manage during a two-month period. These cases were analyzed for what concerns both the viral infection and the spinal abscess.Results: Abscess was primary in all cases meaning that no evident infective source was found. Primary abscess represents the rarest form of spinal epidural abscess, which is usually secondary to invasive procedures or spreading from adjacent infective sites, such as spondylodiscitis and generally occurs in patients with diabetes, obesity, cancer, or other chronic disease. In all cases, there was mild lymphopenia but the spinal abscess occurred regardless the severity of the viral disease, the immunologic state, and the presence of bacteremia. Obesity was the only risk factor and was reported just in two patients. All patients but one were hypertensive. The preferred localizations were cervical and thoracic, whereas the classic abscess generally occurs at lumbar level. No patient had history of pyogenic infection, even though previous asymptomatic bacterial contaminations were reported in three cases.Conclusion: We wonder about the concentration of this uncommon disease in a so short period. To our knowledge, cases of epidural spinal abscess in COVID-19 patients have been not yet reported. Accordingly, we ignore if the SARS-Corona Virus-2 may really predispose to spinal epidural abscesses. However, we hypothesize that, in our patients, the spinal infection could have depended on the coexistence of an initially asymptomatic bacterial contamination. The well-known COVID-19-related endotheliitis might have created the conditions for retrograde bacterial invasion of the correspondent spinal epidural space. Anyway, the spinal epidural abscess carries significantly high morbidity and mortality. It is difficult to diagnose, especially in compromised COVID-19 patients but it should be kept in mind because early diagnosis and treatment are crucial.
Type 1 diabetes onset triggered by COVID-19
Authors: Marchand Lucien , Pecquet Matthieu , Luyton Cédric 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The epidemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Some data describing characteristics and prognosis of patients with COVID-19 and diabetes are now available, for example for hospitalized patients in the CORONADO study. Potential links between diabetes and COVID-19 infection were already described. Indeed Angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been identified as the receptor for the coronavirus spike protein, and ACE is expressed on pancreatic beta cells. It was suggested that SARS-CoV2 could induce beta cell damage and new onset diabetes, but the phenotype of these new cases of diabetes has not been described.This observation presented in that paper highlights the fact that COVID-19 infection may also trigger type 1 diabetes onset. Viral infection, in particular by enteroviruses but also by coronaviruses, is a well-known environmental trigger for the development of type 1 diabetes. In the case presented herein, there was a short delay between COVID-19 infection and diabetes onset. It remains to determine if the hyperinflammation/cytokine storm described with this infection could accelerate the onset of type 1 diabetes in genetically susceptible individuals.The relationship between SARS-CoV2 exposition and autoimmune diabetes development must be further studied, and incidence of type 1 diabetes will be carefully observed in the next months.
Regenerative Effect of Mesenteric Fat Stem Cells on ccl4-Induced Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Nazhvani Fatemeh Dehghani , Haghani Iman , Nazhvani Seifollah Dehghani , Namazi Fatemeh , Ghaderi Abbas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Liver cirrhosis is a chronic disease in which normal liver tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue, leads to liver malfunction. Although transplantation is the most certain cure, stem cell therapies are shedding light on efforts to regenerate cirrhotic liver. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the regenerative potential of mesenteric fat stem cells in CCL4-induced liver cirrhosis in an animal model.Methods: Thirty rats were treated with the mixture of CCL4 and olive oil intraperitoneally by a dose of 0.2 ml (0.1 ml CCL4 and 0.1 ml olive oil) every other day for 16 weeks till cirrhosis signs appeared. Fifteen rats were randomly selected as control group. Others treated by mesenteric fat derived mesenchymal stem cells transferred into the liver parenchyma.Results: After 5 weeks, rats received stem cells had improved clinically by increased movements, appetite, improvement in overall behavior and decreased abdomen size. Histopathologically, liver cells showed state of regeneration and forming new colonies.Conclusion: Liver cirrhosis was induced successfully. The mesenchymal stem cells derived from mesenteric adipose tissue could improve hepatic status, as cirrhotic livers were regenerated back into normal parenchyma. Rats’ clinical behavior also reached healthy status.