bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attention reinforces human corticofugal system to aid speech perception in noise
Authors: Price Caitlin N. , Bidelman Gavin M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPerceiving speech-in-noise (SIN) demands precise neural coding between brainstem and cortical levels of the hearing system. Attentional processes can then select and prioritize task-relevant cues over competing background noise for successful speech perception. In animal models, brainstem-cortical interplay is achieved via descending corticofugal projections from cortex that shape midbrain responses to behaviorally-relevant sounds. Attentional engagement of corticofugal feedback may assist SIN understanding but has never been confirmed and remains highly controversial in humans. To resolve these issues, we recorded source-level, anatomically constrained brainstem frequency-following responses (FFRs) and cortical event-related potentials (ERPs) to speech via high-density EEG while listeners performed rapid SIN identification tasks. We varied attention with active vs. passive listening scenarios whereas task difficulty was manipulated with additive noise interference. Active listening (but not arousal-control tasks) exaggerated both ERPs and FFRs, confirming attentional gain extends to lower subcortical levels of speech processing. We used functional connectivity to measure the directed strength of coupling between levels and characterize “bottom-up” vs. “top-down” (corticofugal) signaling within the auditory brainstem-cortical pathway. While attention strengthened connectivity bidirectionally, corticofugal transmission disengaged under passive (but not active) SIN listening. Our findings (i) show attention enhances the brain’s transcription of speech even prior to cortex and (ii) establish a direct role of the human corticofugal feedback system as an aid to cocktail party speech perception.Ethics statementAll participants provided written informed consent prior in accordance with protocols approved by the University of Memphis IRB.Declaration of interestnone
Embedding based learning for collection selection in federated search
Authors: Garba Adamu , Khalid Shah , Ullah Irfan , Khusro Shah , Mumin Diyawu 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThere have been many challenges in crawling deep web by search engines due to their proprietary nature or dynamic content. Distributed Information Retrieval (DIR) tries to solve these problems by providing a unified searchable interface to these databases. Since a DIR must search across many databases, selecting a specific database to search against the user query is challenging. The challenge can be solved if the past queries of the users are considered in selecting collections to search in combination with word embedding techniques. Combining these would aid the best performing collection selection method to speed up retrieval performance of DIR solutions.Design/methodology/approachThe authors propose a collection selection model based on word embedding using Word2Vec approach that learns the similarity between the current and past queries. They used the cosine and transformed cosine similarity models in computing the similarities among queries. The experiment is conducted using three standard TREC testbeds created for federated search.FindingsThe results show significant improvements over the baseline models.Originality/valueAlthough the lexical matching models for collection selection using similarity based on past queries exist, to the best our knowledge, the proposed work is the first of its kind that uses word embedding for collection selection by learning from past queries.
A qualitative study of school leader experiences adopting and implementing a whole of school physical activity and sedentary behaviour programme: Transform-Us!
Authors: Cassar Samuel , Salmon Jo , Timperio Anna , Koch Sofie , Koorts Harriet 
Published: October 2020

PurposeLittle is known about the experiences of school leaders adopting and implementing real-world, scaled-up physical activity interventions in the Australian educational system. Transform-Us! is a novel physical activity and sedentary behaviour intervention available to all primary schools in Victoria, Australia, since September 2018. This study explored barriers and facilitators experienced by school leaders during the adoption and early implementation phases of Transform-Us!.Design/methodology/approachQualitative study involving seven semi-structured telephone interviews with school leaders implementing Transform-Us! in primary schools in Victoria, Australia. Interview schedules were developed based on the theoretical domains framework (TDF). Interviews were coded using a framework analysis approach.FindingsFour key themes emerged relating to ten of the 14 TDF domains. Themes included: knowledge, goals, implementation factors and leadership. School leaders play a central role in creating a positive implementation environment including the delivery setting (classroom) and a supportive culture (knowledge sharing) in the school. The application of the TDF to the study bridges the gap between theory and practice and identifies potential future implementation strategies which may be further tested in professional practice future studies. Recommendations for increased adoption and sustained implementation related to seven core areas: presence of a school/programme champion(s); collaborative knowledge sharing; online training; school-based workshops; promotion of behavioural and mental health outcomes; teacher autonomy in delivery; and a supportive implementation environment.Originality/valueSchool leaders have a unique scope to influence the adoption and implementation of physical activity and sedentary behaviour interventions. This study outlines specific barriers and facilitators for implementation of a physical activity programme in the Australian educational setting and offers recommendations for programme optimisation.
Teaching in the pandemic: reconceptualizing Chilean educators' professionalism now and for the future
Authors: González Álvaro , Fernández María Beatriz , Pino-Yancovic Mauricio , Madrid Romina 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis essay explores the effects of school buildings closure during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on Chilean teachers' and principals' professional role and values, highlighting implications for reconceptualizing educators' professionalism for the post-pandemic era.Design/methodology/approachCompeting versions of Chilean educators' professionalism during the pandemic were analyzed based on government guidelines, national teachers' association statements, news reports and testimonies from teachers and principals collected from webinars.FindingsThe guidelines that the ministry issued after school building were required to close motivated educators to challenge a version of professionalism founded on new public management (NPM) policies, which mandated external control and emphasized students' academic outcomes. By challenging the dominant NPM perspective of professionalism, educators advocated for professional autonomy as well as students' and communities' well-being.Originality/valueThis essay offers insights into how the Chilean school system's response to the crisis evidenced competing notions of educators' professionalism. As the pandemic continues to be an ongoing phenomenon, four implications for reconceptualizing educators' professionalism are drawn, which could inform and offer guidance to practitioners and policymakers in the post-pandemic era.
Crisis and opportunity in teacher preparation in the pandemic: exploring the “adjacent possible”
Authors: Tsui Amy B.M. , Chan Carol K.K. , Harfitt Gary , Leung Promail 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis paper draws on Kauffman's theory of the “adjacent possible” to make sense of the practices which have emerged in response to school and university closures in Hong Kong and reflects on what opportunities exist in this current global crisis.Design/methodology/approachThis paper drew on qualitative data from two emergent practices – the e-practicum and co-teaching on an online platform – in a teacher preparation program at the University of Hong Kong. The data set included online teaching resources produced by student teachers (STs), reflections from STs, feedback from mentors and university tutors, interactions on an online platform and interviews with co-teaching team members.FindingsThe authors found “emergent practices” were developed in response to the pandemic by pushing the boundaries of existing practices and exploring the opportunities hovering at the edges of the possible. These practices were still evolving, but they contained elements that can morph into innovative practices in teacher preparation.Originality/valueThis paper provides a perspective on where opportunity in a crisis can be found and what innovation means in an educational context.
Climate’s role in Earth’s shifting spheres
Authors: Robertson Robin 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to present the physics of climate and climate change in an accessible manner to the layman in the context of shifting spheres.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents the physics of climate and climate change in an accessible manner to the layman in the context of shifting spheres. This is a viewpoint and more of a literature review than new findings.

Findings
Earth's climate is changing due to man's influence.

Social implications
Climate change will be a major factor in the future of our society.

Originality/value
The text is original. The information is not. There is recent information in this article. The author even updated things during the review process. The science is always improving.
Governance and administrative process of the Light Rail Train project in Palembang, Indonesia
Authors: Hairi Muhammad Akbar 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe paper investigates the governance and administrative process in the Palembang Light Rail Train (LRT) project in Indonesia and gives suggestions on the strategic development of the LRT project for creating a desakota technopole in Palembang.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts both STEEP (Social, Technological, Environmental, Economic, Political) analysis and desakota technopole theoretical framework. The STEEP analysis is used to explain the Palembang LRT project which is to meet one of the city’s high-tech urban transportation goals. The desakota technopole framework is used as a strategic urban planning guideline for the further development of Palembang.FindingsThis paper has three findings. First, based on STEEP analysis, Palembang needs smart urban transportation, such as LRT, to solve the present and future traffic problems. Second, the governance and administrative process in the LRT project is mandated to national companies as part of a national government infrastructure policy financed over multiple years through the national budget. Third, it is critical for national, provincial, and local governments to adopt a desakota technopole framework strategy to meet long-term targets.Originality/valueThis paper highlights Indonesia experience towards making a desakota technopole, using the Palembang LRT project policy as the key driver under investigation.
Volunteering: what drives and retains it? An analysis of motivational needs together with organizational policies and practices
Authors: Ashfaq Fouzia , Butt Mattiullah , Ilyas Sehrish 
Published: October 2020

PurposeDrawing on expectancy theory, this research explores how and when volunteers’ motivational drives for volunteering relate to organizational policies and practices. The paper analyses four areas of motivational association – affiliation, beliefs, career development and egoistic motives – together with organizational human resource (HR) policies and practices.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a qualitative approach and through 17 interviews of the volunteer managers associated with 13 non-profit organizations (NPOs) examined that how through HR policies and practices, an NPO efficiently taps motivational drives of volunteers and maintains their spirit of volunteering.FindingsThe findings of the study indicated that the same behaviour may serve different functions for different individuals. Most of the motivational drives need to be tapped with specific tasks and events to become a source of fulfilment for volunteers, this plays a vital role in their decisions to continue volunteering. NPOs’ HR practices without volunteers’ motivation cannot serve any purpose. In the same vein, volunteers’ motivation cannot sustain for a longer period if it is not properly linked with organizational HR practices.Research limitations/implicationsThe research findings may lack generalizability because of the selected research approach.Originality/valueA great part of existing research, not previously captured in literature, is focussed on the assessment of the motivational underpinnings with respect to HR policies and practices.
Encapsulation increases the in vitro bioaccessibility of probiotics in yoghurt
Authors: Ajlouni Said , Ranadheera Chaminda Senaka , Chua Ee Ling 
Published: October 2020

This study examined the encapsulation efficacy of probiotics in yoghurts, product physicochemical properties, the best timing to add encapsulated probiotics during yoghurt manufacturing (before or after fermentation) and their in vitro bioaccessibility. Three different yoghurt types were produced including plain and with encapsulated probiotics added before and after fermentation. A significant (P < 0.05) reduction in total probiotic count was observed in yoghurts containing encapsulated probiotics after 21 days of refrigerated storage. However, the total probiotic count increased during the in vitro colonic fermentation when yoghurts containing encapsulated probiotics were used, indicating increased bioaccessibility of probiotics in the colon.
Migrants encounters of a lifestyle destination: From coastal idyll to activated city
Authors: Buckle Caitlin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLifestyle destinations draw migrants in with a promise of certain place encounters. However, these place encounters are likely to change over time, particularly with increased amenity migration and associated development. In this article, I consider the lifestyle destination settlement of Maroochydore and surrounding suburbs in the Sunshine Coast in Queensland, Australia. Plans to build a central business district (CBD) have been approved, with the local council aiming to build infrastructure for growing populations. However, these plans may jeopardise the imaginary of Maroochydore as a quiet sea change idyll that draws lifestyle migrants and tourists to the area. In order to understand the potential impact of a CBD to migrants' place encounters, I interviewed 34 migrants of different ages and life stages to Maroochydore and surrounds (the Maroochy area) as part of a larger study. I used narrative, visual, and virtual visitation methods to explore their prior place‐based experiences and current encounters with the area. Housing form and density were the most discussed material components related to the CBD, likely because of fears that high‐rise buildings affect an imagined coastal lifestyle. Employment and transport were the most discussed day‐to‐day practices potentially affected by the CBD. Participants thought the CBD positively affected public transport services but had little effect on future employment opportunities. The challenges discussed in this article have implications for how lifestyle communities manage and maintain positive place encounters, balancing the realities of growing development with idyllic expectations.
Outcomes of traumatised immature teeth treated with apexification or regenerative endodontic procedure: a retrospective study
Authors: Pereira Andrea Cardoso , Oliveira Matheus Lima , Cerqueira‐Neto Ana Carolina C. L. , Vargas‐Neto Júlio , Nagata Juliana Yuri , Gomes Brenda P.F.A. , Ferraz Caio Cezar Randi , de Almeida José Flávio Affonso , de‐Jesus‐Soares Adriana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study compares the clinical success rate and continued radiographic root development of apexification and regenerative endodontic procedure in traumatised immature permanent teeth, and proposes a method to evaluate apical convergence, namely apical angle. Clinical and radiological data were collected from 44 treated teeth (22 with apexification and 22 with regenerative endodontic procedure). The preoperative and follow‐up periapical radiographs were analysed to calculate the percentage changes in root length, root width, apical diameter and apical angle. The success rates for complete healing with apexification and regenerative endodontic procedure were 86.36% and 95.45%, respectively. Radiographically, regenerative endodontic procedure showed significantly greater percentage changes in root width only (P < 0.05). Apexification and regenerative endodontic procedure provide satisfactory outcomes concerning clinical success rates. Continued root development in regenerative endodontic procedure was similar to apexification, except for root width. Apical angle allowed us to assess the convergence of the root canal walls.
Prevalence of CBAVD in azoospermic men carrying pathogenic CFTR mutations ‐ Evaluated in a cohort of 639 non‐vasectomized azoospermic men
Authors: Fedder Jens , Jørgensen Mette W. , Engvad Birte 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMen with obstructive azoospermia (OA) due to impaired development of the genital tract often carry at least one Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator CFTR mutation.ObjectiveTo determine the frequency of Congenital Bilateral Absence of Vas deferens (CBAVD) in men with azoospermia carrying CFTR gene mutations.Materials and methodsNon‐vasectomized men with azoospermia referred to our andrological center were consecutively included. All men underwent palpation of the scrotal parts of the Vasa deferentia, ultrasonography of the testicles and hormone profile, and genetic analyses. Testicular biopsy was usually performed. A panel of 32 of the most important CFTR mutations was examined from genomic DNA isolated from blood lymphocytes. Either multiplex PCR analysis or a next‐generation sequencing technique was performed.ResultsAmong the 639 men with azoospermia, 69 (10.8%) had at least one CFTR mutation. Of the 43 patients with at least one of the two CFTR mutations, ΔF508 and R117H, 19 (44.2%) showed CBAVD, 2 (4.7%) Congenital Unilateral Absence of Vas deferens (CUAVD), and 22 (51.2%) presence of the scrotal parts of the Vasa deferentia. In contrast, only 1/21 men (4.8%) with an isolated IVS8‐5T variant showed CBAVD. Among the further 20 men with an isolated IVS8‐5T variant, 11 had a history of cryptorchidism. Among the 570 men without CFTR mutations, CBAVD was found in only two men and CUAVD in one. FSH level was higher and testicular volume lower in men with present Vasa deferentia compared to those without (P < .001; Student's t test). Thirty‐one men with either ΔF508 or R117H mutations, or both, had a testicular biopsy. Motile spermatozoa were found in 100% of 16 cases with CBAVD but in only 6 out of 15 cases with present Vasa deferentia (P < .01; Fisher's exact test).Discussion and conclusionsCBAVD was found in ~ 44% of men with ΔF508/R117H mutations. The data may support that CFTR mutations might affect male fertility through other mechanisms than obstruction of the genital tract. For a practical, clinical purpose analysis for only ΔF508, R117H and IVS8‐5T seems sufficient until further research shows anything else.
Occupational Licensing and the Skills Mismatch of Highly Educated Migrants
Authors: Tani Massimiliano 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article studies occupational licensing as a possible cause of education–occupation mismatches of highly educated migrants. Based on data from the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Australia (LSIA), the empirical analysis applies the Propensity Score Matching estimator to identify a suitable control group. Licensing raises hourly wages and reduces over‐education for those working in licensed jobs, and correspondingly it produces worse labour market outcomes for those who do not gain licensure. These results are robust to omitted variable bias and alternative matching approaches. They also persist over time, suggesting that the sole market forces of supply and demand are not enough to reduce the mismatch faced by highly educated migrants after settlement.
Oligodendrocyte‐specific deletion of FGFR2 ameliorates MOG35‐55‐induced EAE through ERK and Akt signalling
Authors: Kamali Salar , Rajendran Ranjithkumar , Stadelmann Christine , Karnati Srikanth , Rajendran Vinothkumar , Giraldo‐Velasquez Mario , Berghoff Martin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) are involved in demyelinating pathologies including multiple sclerosis (MS). In our recent study, oligodendrocyte‐specific deletion of FGFR1 resulted in a milder disease course, less inflammation, reduced myelin and axon damage in EAE. The objective of this study was to elucidate the role of oligodendroglial FGFR2 in MOG35‐55‐induced EAE. Oligodendrocyte‐specific knockout of FGFR2 (Fgfr2ind−/−) was achieved by application of tamoxifen; EAE was induced using the MOG35‐55 peptide. EAE symptoms were monitored over 62 days. Spinal cord tissue was analysed by histology, immunohistochemistry and western blot. Fgfr2ind−/− mice revealed a milder disease course, less myelin damage and enhanced axonal density. The number of oligodendrocytes was not affected in demyelinated areas. However, protein expression of FGFR2, FGF2 and FGF9 was downregulated in Fgfr2ind−/− mice. FGF/FGFR dependent signalling proteins were differentially regulated; pAkt was upregulated and pERK was downregulated in Fgfr2ind−/− mice. The number of CD3(+) T cells, Mac3(+) cells and B220(+) B cells was less in demyelinated lesions of Fgfr2ind−/− mice. Furthermore, expression of IL‐1β, TNF‐α and CD200 was less in Fgfr2ind−/− mice than controls. Fgfr2ind−/− mice showed an upregulation of PLP and downregulation of the remyelination inhibitors SEMA3A and TGF‐β expression. These data suggest that cell‐specific deletion of FGFR2 in oligodendrocytes has anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects accompanied by changes in FGF/FGFR dependent signalling, inflammatory cytokines and expression of remyelination inhibitors. Thus, FGFRs in oligodendrocytes may represent potential targets for the treatment of inflammatory and demyelinating diseases including MS.