bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjoint-optimized nanoscale light extractor for nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
Authors: Wambold Raymond A. , Yu Zhaoning , Xiao Yuzhe , Bachman Benjamin , Jaffe Gabriel , Kolkowitz Shimon , Choy Jennifer T. , Eriksson Mark A. , Hamers Robert J. , Kats Mikhail A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We designed a nanoscale light extractor (NLE) for the efficient outcoupling and beaming of broadband light emitted by shallow, negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in bulk diamond. The NLE consists of a patterned silicon layer on diamond and requires no etching of the diamond surface. Our design process is based on adjoint optimization using broadband time-domain simulations and yields structures that are inherently robust to positioning and fabrication errors. Our NLE functions like a transmission antenna for the NV center, enhancing the optical power extracted from an NV center positioned 10 nm below the diamond surface by a factor of more than 35, and beaming the light into a ±30° cone in the far field. This approach to light extraction can be readily adapted to other solid-state color centers.
The road to atomically thin metasurface optics
Authors: Brongersma Mark L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe development of flat optics has taken the world by storm. The initial mission was to try and replace conventional optical elements by thinner, lightweight equivalents. However, while developing this technology and learning about its strengths and limitations, researchers have identified a myriad of exciting new opportunities. It is therefore a great moment to explore where flat optics can really make a difference and what materials and building blocks are needed to make further progress. Building on its strengths, flat optics is bound to impact computational imaging, active wavefront manipulation, ultrafast spatiotemporal control of light, quantum communications, thermal emission management, novel display technologies, and sensing. In parallel with the development of flat optics, we have witnessed an incredible progress in the large-area synthesis and physical understanding of atomically thin, two-dimensional (2D) quantum materials. Given that these materials bring a wealth of unique physical properties and feature the same dimensionality as planar optical elements, they appear to have exactly what it takes to develop the next generation of high-performance flat optics.
Recent progress of dynamic mode manipulation via acousto-optic interactions in few-mode fiber lasers: mechanism, device and applications
Authors: Lu Jiafeng , Shi Fan , Xu Jiangtao , Meng Linghao , Zhang Longkun , Cheng Peikang , Zhou Xuan , Pang Fufei , Zeng Xianglong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe burgeoning advances of spatial mode conversion in few-mode fibers emerge as the investigative hotspot in novel structured light manipulation, in that, high-order modes possess a novel fundamental signature of various intensity profiles and unique polarization distributions, especially orbital angular momentum modes carrying with phase singularity and spiral wave front. Thus, control of spatial mode generation becomes a crucial technique especially in fiber optics, which has been exploited to high capacity space division multiplexing. The acousto-optic interactions in few-mode fibers provide a potential solution to tackle the bottleneck of traditional spatial mode conversion devices. Acousto-optic mode conversion controlled by microwave signals brings tremendous new opportunities in spatial mode generation with fast mode tuning and dynamic switching capabilities. Besides, dynamic mode switching induced by acousto-optic effects contributes an energy modulation inside a laser cavity through nonlinear effects of multi-mode interaction, competition, which endows the fiber laser with new functions and leads to the exploration of new physical mechanism. In this review, we present the recent advances of controlling mode switch and generation employing acousto-optic interactions in few-mode fibers, which includes acousto-optic mechanisms, optical field manipulating devices and novel applications of spatial mode control especially in high-order mode fiber lasers.
In situ charge carrier dynamics of semiconductor nanostructures for advanced photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic applications
Authors: Lai Ting-Hsuan , Katsumata Ken-ichi , Hsu Yung-Jung 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Using in situ ultrafast laser spectroscopic techniques to monitor the charge dynamics of semiconductor photocatalysts under operating conditions is essential for digging out the veritable interactions between charge carriers and the reactive species. This real-time observation is desirable for optimizing individual components and their integration in advanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) and photocatalytic systems, which can achieve the “Holy Grail” of solar energy harvesting and solar fuel generation. This Review summarizes the recent developments of employing transient absorption spectroscopy for in situ measurements of charge dynamics on semiconductor nanostructures. The implications in the PEC and photocatalytic reactions toward hydrogen production and carbon dioxide reduction will be discussed, along with future outlooks and perspectives.
The crystal structure of 4-hydroxybenzene-1,3-diaminium dichloride, C6H10Cl2N2O
Authors: Muller Kina , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
C6H10Cl2N2O, triclinic, P

1
‾

$&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 4.8274(4) Å, b = 8.0556(7) Å, c = 12.0648(10) Å, α = 71.237(4)°, β = 78.739(4)°, γ = 72.950(4)°, V = 422.06(6) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0225, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0614, T = 190 K.
Oriental Sensitivity: Towards a Poetics of Global Studies
Authors: Metzger Sean 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis essay elaborates “Oriental sensitivity” as a methodology for studying Chinese cultural flows in locations outside of that nation-state as an index of globalization. The article specifically draws on research that investigates the practice of tai chi on Martinique in dialogue with a larger discourse of Chinese currents in the Atlantic. Oriental sensitivity expands but also specifies Edward Said’s notion of Orientalism in relation to several of his commentators and in relation to the case study by emphasizing the ways in which individual bodies might knowingly and unknowingly structure an Orientalist encounter. The methodology facilitates an analysis of the convergence of ecology, kinship, migrant labor and phenomenology in thinking about how transnational Chinese movements might matter.
Noise at the time of COVID 19: The impact in some areas in Rome and Milan, Italy
Authors: Pagès Rosa Maria Alsina , Alías Francesc , Bellucci Patrizia , Cartolano Pier Paolo , Coppa Ilaria , Peruzzi Laura , Bisceglie Alessandro , Zambon Giovanni 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed in Italy at the end of January 2020, when the first positive cases for the virus were identified. At the beginning of March, the virus had spread to all Italian regions and on 10 March 2020 the lockdown phase began, limiting the movement of people and prohibiting almost all commercial activities, businesses and non-essential industries. As a result, millions of people were forced to stay at home, causing a drastic drop in traffic volume, which significantly changed the acoustic environment and air quality of cities. On 4 May 2020, the lockdown was partially lifted and activities were progressively reopened. Therefore, traffic gradually started to increase and, consequently, the noise emitted by motor vehicles. This behaviour was confirmed by the data collected by the DYNAMAP system, an automatic platform developed within the LIFE DYNAMAP project, providing real time traffic noise maps in terms of sound pressure levels and impacts at receivers (people and dwellings exposed to noise level bands). In this paper traffic and non-traffic-related noise events in the cities of Rome and Milan from March to May 2020 are analysed and compared to the corresponding values in 2019 to evaluate the effects of the lockdown period.
Assessing the value of a diversified by-product portfolio to allow for increased production flexibility in pulp mills
Authors: Svensson Elin , Edland Rikard , Langner Christian , Harvey Simon 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a model for design optimization of pulp mill steam utility systems subject to variations in energy prices and steam demands. A Scandinavian Kraft pulp mill is used as case study to investigate investment opportunities in lignin extraction and new turbines. The model enables solutions to be identified that are more flexible than the solutions that would have been identified with a corresponding model using, for example, annual average values for key input data. The results from the case study show that lignin extraction has a potential to contribute to flexibility in pulp mill electric power production under certain conditions provided that the mill invests in both lignin extraction and condensing turbine capacity. However, the potential electric power production flexibility will vary over time. In the studied mill, with a capacity increased to around 1.3 million tonnes/a of pulp, it is estimated to vary between 15 and 30 MW. Furthermore, investment in new condensing turbine capacity only seems to be attractive if electricity prices that are considerably higher than the spot prices of recent years are assumed. Such prices may occur if there is a clear value of tradable electricity certificates or if future electricity prices rise significantly.
From reflex to reflection: Moving from the space of causes to the space of reasons and back
Authors: Furstenberg Ariel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article proposes to narrow the gap between the space of reasons and the space of causes. By articulating the standard phenomenology of reasons and causes, we investigate the cases in which the clear-cut divide between reasons and causes starts to break down. Thus, substituting the simple picture of the relationship between the space of reasons and the space of causes with an inverted and complex one, in which reasons can have a causal-like phenomenology and causes can have a reason-like phenomenology. This is attained by focusing on “swift reasoned actions” on the one hand, and on “causal noisy brain mechanisms” on the other hand. In the final part of the article, I show how an analogous move, that of narrowing the gap between one’s normative framework and the space of reasons, can be seen as an extension of narrowing the gap between the space of causes and the space of reasons.
Fractional residual power series method for the analytical and approximate studies of fractional physical phenomena
Authors: Ismail Gamal Mohamed , Abdl-Rahim Hamdy Ragab , Ahmad Hijaz , Chu Yu-Ming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article, analytical exact and approximate solutions for fractional physical equations are obtained successfully via efficient analytical method called fractional residual power series method (FRPSM). The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense. Three applications are discussed, showing the validity, accuracy and efficiency of the present method. The solution via FRPSM shows excellent agreement in comparison with the solutions obtained from other established methods. Also, the FRPSM can be used to solve other nonlinear fractional partial differential equation problems. The final results are presented in graphs and tables, which show the effectiveness, quality and strength of the presented method.
Sustainability consolidation via employment of biomimetic ecomaterials with an accentuated photo-catalytic potential: emerging progressions
Authors: Jaffri Shaan Bibi , Ahmad Khuram Shahzad , Thebo Khalid Hussain , Rehman Faisal 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Environmental pollution produced due to direct and untreated release of toxic organic pollutants such as dyes from the textile industries is not only effect the human life but also contaminates the ecosystem through different transferal modes. Green nanomaterials synthesized by using biological reducing agents offer sustainable, economically viable, facile, rapid and eco-friendly approach with photocatalytic degradation efficiencies >90% for organic dyes over the other traditional technologies. Current review has for the first time comprehensively abridged the suitability of green nanoparticles over chemogenic nanoparticles, the remediative role of these biogenic nanoparticles with major emphasis on the recent progressions in the photocatalysis of different toxic dyes and pollutants. Unlike physicochemically processed nanoparticles, biogenic nanoparticles has profound contribution to the sustainable development goals due to their cleaner and economical synthesis in addition to their detoxifying role. Meticulous review of the publications are strongly suggestive of the adoptability of biogenic nanoparticles at an implementation scale for their auspicious remediative role in addition to facile fabrication, natural reducing agents based synthetic mode, toxicity free and sustainable nature. However, the studies are also indicative of the need for utilization of biogenic synthesis at practical scale to derive maximum sustainability and ecological benefits.
Between interpretation and the subject: Revisiting Bakhtin’s theory of polyphony
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yu Hongbing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper affords a critical and historical reappraisal of Bakhtin’s theory of polyphony. It addresses the issue of the subjectivity of interpretation in the reception and formulation of this highly influential theory in literary semiotics. Following a revaluation of three major patterns of interpretation of polyphony that have emerged in the global field of literary theory since 1929, as well as Bakhtin’s shift in emphasis in 1963, we find that Bakhtin’s theorizing of polyphony, based on his seemingly inconsistent interpretation of Dostoevsky’s novels, was defined by his own subjectivity as well. An obvious consequence of such subjective predispositions in both the reception of Bakhtin’s theory and his own treatment of Dostoevsky’s polyphonic novels is that they have instigated a type of perpetuating availability bias in approaching the theory of polyphony. This revelation is key to understanding the wholeness of the theory of polyphony from a diachronic perspective. By tracing the cultural and intellectual sources of Dostoevsky’s polyphonic creation, this paper attempts to reframe and restore the Bakhtinian idea of polyphony to its fullness, which we believe can be encapsulated in one phrase: harmony without uniformity.
Association study of polymorphisms in ABCA7, clusterin, and MS4A6A genes with Alzheimer’s disease in the Egyptian population
Authors: Abd Elrahman Hanem G. , Ramadan Abeer , Saleh Eman M. , Saleh Alia A. , Sabry Noha A. , Mohamed Mohamed R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a genetically heterogeneous brain disease which is associated with a decrease in thinking capacity and changes in personality. Various gene polymorphisms could be associated with the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.

Objectives
This study aimed at exploring the association of ABCA7 rs3764650, CLU rs11136000, and MS4A6A rs610932 genetic variants with AD in a sample of the Egyptian population.

Methods
DNA extraction was done from peripheral blood. Genotyping was done using PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in 100 Alzheimer patients of age 60 years old or above and 100 cognitively normal controls. DNA sequencing was done for eight samples with different genotypes to confirm the results.

Results
No significant difference was found in genotypic or allelic distribution of CLU rs11136000 between patients and controls. the frequency of CLU CC genotype among AD patients, was lower in Apo E 4 carriers compared to Apo E 4 non-carriers with a significant difference (p=0.003). No significant difference was found in genotypic or allelic distribution of ABCA7 rs3764650 and MS4A6A rs610932 between patients and controls.

Conclusion
We concluded that AD not associated with Clustrin rs11136000, ABCA7 rs3764650 and MS4A6A rs610932 genes polymorphism.
The Heroic Programme of Sherlock
Authors: Falkenhayner Nicole 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecent years have seen a resurgence of heroic figures and heroizing narratives, pointing to a possible change in contemporary attitudes towards the heroic in contrast to earlier cynicism and irony. While the renewed prominence of heroizations in popular culture has sparked increasing academic interest in the field of cultural studies and has seen wide academic discussion, it has not yet been specifically addressed from the perspective of studies on the role of the heroic in culture. This article outlines the specific strategy the series’ producers and writers followed to recast the archetypal detective, Sherlock Holmes, as a popular hero figure for the present, with a focus on both the discursive as well as the audio-visual elements of this representation. The article makes the argument that figures in twenty-first-century British popular culture reinstall the heroic while they are simultaneously aware of the pitfalls and the ambiguity of sympathy for the hero.
Orthoamide und Iminiumsalze, CII. Umsetzungen eines Orthoamids der Phenylpropiolsäure mit tertiären CH-aciden Verbindungen
Authors: Kantlehner Willi , Lehmann Hansjörg , Vettel Markus , Frey Wolfgang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The orthoamide derivative of phenylpropiolic acid reacts with tertiary CH-acidic compounds as alkylmalonic acid dialkylesters under formation of 1,1-diamino-allenes wich rearrange to give 2-alkoxycarbonyl-1,1-diamino-1,3-butadienes by migration of an alkoxycarbonyl group. Perchloric acid transforms these butadienes to amidinium perchlorates. The crystal structure of an amidinium perchlorate derived from cinnamic acid has been determined.
Neue Schläuche, alter Wein? Eine Bestandsaufnahme digitaler Bildungsangebote in und zur Corona-Krise
Authors: Käbisch David 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die Corona-Pandemie hat einen großen Einfluss auf das Denken, Fühlen und Handeln der Menschen sowie die Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden von Schülerinnen und Schülern. Der Religionsunterricht an öffentlichen Schulen in Deutschland kann daher eine wichtige Rolle spielen, die damit einhergehenden Herausforderungen zu thematisieren. Dieser Beitrag analysiert unter dieser Voraussetzung Open Educational Resources (OER), die zwischen März und August 2020 erschienen sind. Die untersuchten digitalen Bildungsangebote decken eine große Breite an Themen ab, darunter die Globalisierung von Religion und Bildung, ethische Herausforderungen der Corona-Krise sowie Konflikte um Deutungsmacht- und Wahrheitsansprüche. Dessen ungeachtet bleibt die Frage bestehen, wie es dem Religionsunterricht gelingen kann, sich im Fächerkanon allgemeinbildender Schulen Gehör zu verschaffen.
Ist religiöse Bildung systemrelevant? Überlegungen aus der Perspektive kirchlicher Bildungsmitverantwortung
Authors: Haese Bernd-Michael 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel stellt den Begriff der Systemrelevanz als Maßstab für religiöse Bildung in Frage. Die damit unweigerlich verbundene Hierarchisierung von unterschiedlichen Weltzugängen widerspricht modernen Bildungstheorien, die auf Differenzkompetenz und Handlungsfähigkeit abzielen, und unterstützt eine verlässliche Verankerung des Religionsunterrichts im Schulbetrieb nicht. Dort droht der Religionsunterricht derzeit zwischen Organisationsnöten und begründetem Anspruch auf verfassungskonforme Erteilung verloren zu gehen.
Do nurses have the switch factor?
Authors: Mulders Greta , Uitslager Nanda , Alavian Sharon , Wareing Anne , Stein Oldenburg Kathi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Switching between clotting factor products is becoming increasingly common as product choice increases and financial pressure grows to choose the most cost-effective options. Guidance on carrying out the switch recommends a complex and long process that may benefit from being defined in a protocol. Haemophilia nurses may be responsible for managing product switches; anecdotal evidence suggests that clinical practice is variable.

Aim
To explore the role of specialist nurses in switching between clotting factor products and their use of a protocol.

Method
Nurses attending the 2018 World Federation of Hemophilia Congress were surveyed about clinical practice at their treatment centre and use of a protocol for switching clotting factor products.

Results
Of 192 nurses attending the conference, 49 nurses returned completed questionnaires, 45 of which were included in the study after exclusions. Responses were exclusively from economically developed countries. Almost all respondents (96%) had direct experience of switching. Half of those who responded to a question about protocol-based switching reported that switches were based on a protocol. When authorship was reported, the protocol was written by haemophilia nurses in about half of cases. Practice about blood testing to determine individual pharmacokinetic parameters prior to the switch was variable, but most nurses (86%) reported screening for inhibitors prior to switching. Respondents agreed to share their protocols among their peers, although only four were received by the research team.

Conclusions
Clinical practice in switching between clotting factor products is variable. Some nurses are switching treatments for patients without the supported of a written protocol, whereas others are involved in writing and implementing protocols. Sharing protocols is a first step in helping to establish best practice.
Para-Public Organizations as Subjects of Financial Law
Authors: Gorlova E. N. 
Published: November 2020

The paper examines the classification of subjects of financial law; it is proposed that, along with public and private entities, they should also include para-public entities. The authors suggest defining para-public entities as authorized legal entities established by law for exercising public administration, providing public services and performing other public functions. This category is based on the need to implement public interests in modern conditions. The author analyses foreign experience concerning delegation of government powers to para-public organizations in Brazil and the United Kingdom. The author has examined the legal status of non-state organizations, performing public functions. It is proposed to use a contractual method of regulation of financial relations, including the application of standard form contracts (public contracts) in financial law. The introduction of the institution of contract, autonomy, financial independence and self-government into the mechanism of public administration will help to solve a number of key problems of financial activity. At the same time, it is necessary to develop the institution of standard form contracts (public contracts) already existing in financial law, by which we propose to refer to the agreement concluded in the established form for public purposes by two or more entities, one of which is a public authority, and aimed at the realization of the public interest.