bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Das „Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile“: Übersetzung ins Deutsche, kulturelle Adaption und Pretest
Authors: Schönfelder Birgit , Mayer Hanna , Hahn Sabine 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Aufgrund der demografischen Alterung und der komplexen physischen, psychischen und sozialen Bedürfnisse älterer Menschen sind diese eine wichtige Patientengruppe im Akutkrankenhaus. Krankenhausaufenthalte können ohne altersgerechte Pflege die unabhängige Ausübung der Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens der älteren Patienten verschlechtern.

Ziel
Das Ziel war die Übersetzung und kulturelle Adaption des „Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile“ in die deutsche Sprache zur Einschätzung altersgerechter Pflege in deutschsprachigen Krankenhäusern.

Methoden
Das „Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile“, das die altersgerechte Versorgung von älteren Patienten im Akutkrankenhaus auf institutioneller und personeller Ebene einschätzt, wurde nach Übersetzung ins Deutsche einer quantitativen und qualitativen Testung unterzogen.

Ergebnisse
Die Überprüfung der Inhaltsvalidität ergab für den Scale Content Validity Index – Average einen Mittelwert von 0,86 (Relevanz) und 0,92 (Übersetzung). Das Cognitive Debriefing des übersetzten „Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile“ ergab die Notwendigkeit zu weiteren sprachlichen Adaptionen. Zudem zeigten sich Mängel in der theoretischen Fundierung des Instruments.

Schlussfolgerungen
Altersgerechte Krankenhausaufenthalte sind ein aktuelles Thema von hoher Relevanz für die Betroffenen und die Gesundheitsversorgung. Benötigt werden ein theoretisch fundierter Fragebogen und ein strukturiertes Vorgehen, um durch gesicherten Erkenntnisgewinn zur Praxisentwicklung beizutragen.
Biased teacher expectations of students with migration backgrounds: Analysis with nationality stereotype clusters
Authors: Neuenschwander Markus P. , Garrote Ariana 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStudent migration backgrounds and socioeconomic status can bias teacher expectations. Such expectations can lead to discrimination as they are the basis for unfair teacher assessment and exclusion from learning opportunities. To identify students at risk of experiencing low biased expectations, researchers used a grouping of nationalities based on the stereotype content dimensions of competence and warmth. The migration backgrounds of 1036 students in grades 4–6 in Switzerland were grouped into four clusters (i.e., 1 = competent, warm; 2 = medium competent, cold; 3 = incompetent, cold; 4 = incompetent, warm). Students without migration backgrounds served as reference group. Blockwise multilevel regression analyses showed that teacher expectations for student mathematical achievement were lower for students in cluster 2 compared to the reference group of students without migration backgrounds after controlling for mathematics achievement, the highest value of the parents’ occupations (HISEI), and home language. Similar results were found for teacher expectations in German. Stepwise logistic multilevel regression analyses indicated that students with migration backgrounds from cluster 2 were significantly more likely expected by teachers to enter a school track with basic demands than students without migration backgrounds after controlling for achievement in mathematics and German, HISEI, and home language. Thus, some students with migration backgrounds are particularly at risk of being discriminated against by teachers. These findings must be discussed in teacher education and used to develop preventive strategies, considering the negative influence of biased low teacher expectations on students’ educational careers and, therefore, their participation in society.
Computational Methods in Landscape Ecology
Authors: Hesselbarth Maximilian H. K. , Nowosad Jakub , de Flamingh Alida , Simpkins Craig E. , Jung Martin , Gerber Gemma , Bosch Martí 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Landscapes can be defined as mosaics of different land covers, habitats, ecosystems, or land-use systems. The link between spatial heterogeneous patterns and ecological processes is the core concept in the research field of landscape ecology. Nowadays, advanced computational methods are essential to the field due to its cross-disciplinary nature, the increasing availability of data, and the complexity of landscape systems.

Recent Findings
This review provides an overview of recent developments in computational methods that have advanced the research field of landscape ecology. We focus on key topics such as spatial patterns, connectivity, landscape genetics, sampling, simulations and modeling, and spatial planning.

Summary
The review highlights key innovations, challenges, and potential future directions in the field, emphasizing the role of computational methods in addressing complex ecological questions.
EnConv: enhanced CNN for leaf disease classification
Authors: Thanjaivadivel M. , Gobinath C. , Vellingiri J. , Kaliraj S. , Femilda Josephin J. S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Detecting leaf diseases in plants is essential to maintain crop yield and market value. Machine learning has shown promise in detecting these diseases as it can group data into predetermined categories after examining it from various angles. However, machine learning models require a thorough knowledge of plant diseases, and processing time can be lengthy. This study proposes an enhanced convolutional neural network that utilizes depthwise separable convolution and inverted residual blocks to detect leaf diseases in plants. The model considers the morphological properties and characteristics of the plant leaves, including color, intensity, and size, to categorize the data. The proposed model outperforms traditional machine learning approaches and deep learning models, achieving an accuracy of 99.87% for 39 classes of different plants such as tomato, corn, apple, potato, and more. To further improve the model, global average pooling was used in place of the flatten layer. Overall, this study presents a promising approach to detect leaf diseases in plants using an enhanced convolutional neural network with depthwise separable convolution and inverted residual blocks. The results show the potential benefits of using this model in agriculture to improve the early detection of plant diseases and maintain crop yield and market value.
Human pose feature enhancement for human anomaly detection and tracking
Authors: Nou Sotheany , Lee Joong-Sun , Ohyama Nagaaki , Obi Takashi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHuman pose, represented as a set of keypoints, is a principal feature in pose-based human anomaly detection and tracking. However, using keypoint alone for both tasks encounter loss during heavy occlusion or missed keypoint detection, which leads to lower the model’s performance. To address these challenges, we propose a method that employs multi-object tracking as the tracker, incorporating human pose estimation to maintain robust tracking even when keypoint detection fails. Additionally, we introduce a pose selection module that selects the most appropriate pose and recovers the incomplete pose of each individual target. Accurately determining the most representative pose of each individual is crucial, as it enhances the precision of activity recognition and improves anomaly detection accuracy. Our pose selection module leverages various pose estimation models to generate diverse pose candidates for each tracked object, and then the similarity scores between those poses are computed to identify the most significant one. Our approach demonstrates improved performance, achieving an accuracy of up to 86.4%, surpassing state-of-the-art methods.
The Evolution of Codes of Conduct to Ensure Labor Rights in Global Supply Chains
Authors: Vandenbroucke Sarah 
Published: December 2024

The EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) marks a significant step in the evolution of transnational corporate governance, moving away from the predominantly voluntary nature of corporate social responsibility toward a more binding regulatory framework. A key feature of this shift is the introduction of mandatory requirements for companies to adopt codes of conduct—private policies that set out standards, such as labor rights, which must be enforced across global supply chains. As expectations grew for businesses to integrate human rights and environmental risk assessments into their due diligence processes,1 codes of conduct became an increasingly common way for companies to demonstrate their commitment to social and environmental concerns. Today, nearly 80 percent of European multinationals have adopted such codes.2
A structured approach to developing an introductory statistics course for graduate students: Using data to teach about data
Authors: Lee Lisa Eunyoung , Vyravanathan Sobiga , Panzarella Tony , Gillan Caitlin , Harnett Nicole 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background/Objective
It was identified in the largest graduate unit of the Faculty of Medicine of a major Canadian University that there was a critical unmet curricular need for an introductory statistics and study design course. Based on the collective findings of an external institute review, both quantitative and qualitative data were used to design, develop, implement, evaluate, and refine such a course.

Methods
In response to the identified need and inherent challenges to streamlining curriculum development and instructional design in research-based graduate programs representing many biomedical disciplines, the institute used the analyze, design, develop, implement and evaluate instructional design model to guide the data-driven development and ongoing monitoring of a new study design and statistics course.

Results
The results demonstrated that implementing recommendations from the first iteration of the course (Fall 2021) into the second iteration (Winter 2023) led to improved student learning experience (3.18/5 weighted average (Fall 2021) to 3.87/5 (Winter 2023)). In the second iteration of the course, a self-perceived statistics anxiety test was administered, showing a reduction in statistics anxiety levels after completing the course (2.41/4 weighted average before the course to 1.65/4 after the course).

Conclusion
Our experiences serve as a valuable resource for educators seeking to implement similar improvement approaches in their educational settings. Furthermore, our findings offer insights into tailoring course development and teaching strategies to optimize student learning.
Plant taxonomic turnover and diversity across the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary in northeastern Montana
Authors: Wilson Deibel Paige K. , Wilson Mantilla Gregory P. , Strömberg Caroline A. E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) mass extinction was a pivotal event in Earth history, the latest among five mass extinctions that devastated marine and terrestrial life. Whereas much research has focused on the global demise of dominant vertebrate groups, less is known about changes among plant communities during the K/Pg mass extinction. This study investigates a suite of 11 floral assemblages leading up to and across the K/Pg boundary in northeastern Montana constrained within a well-resolved chronostratigraphic framework. We evaluate the impact of the mass extinction on local plant communities as well as the timing of post-K/Pg recovery. Our results indicate that taxonomic composition changed significantly from the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene; we estimate that 63% of latest-Cretaceous plant taxa disappeared across the K/Pg boundary, on par with other records from North America. Overall, taxonomic richness dropped by ~23–33% from the Late Cretaceous to the Paleocene, a moderate decline compared with other plant records from this time. However, richness returned to Late Cretaceous levels within 900 kyr after the K/Pg boundary, significantly faster than observed elsewhere. We find no evidence that these results are due to preservational bias (i.e., differences in depositional environment) and instead interpret a dramatic effect of the K/Pg mass extinction on plant diversity and ecology. Overall, plant communities experienced major restructuring, that is, changes in relative abundance and unseating of dominant groups during the K/Pg mass extinction, even though no major (e.g., family-level) plant groups went extinct and communities in Montana quickly recovered in terms of taxonomic diversity. These results have direct bearing on our understanding of vegetation change during diversity crises, the differing responses of plant groups (e.g., angiosperms vs. gymnosperms), and spatial variation in extinction and recovery timing.
The conformational landscape of TRiC ring-opening and its underlying stepwise mechanism revealed by cryo-EM
Authors: Jin Mingliang , Zang Yunxiang , Wang Huping , Cong Yao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The TRiC/CCT complex assists in the folding of approximately 10% of cytosolic proteins through an ATP-driven conformational cycle, playing a crucial role in maintaining protein homeostasis. Despite our understanding of ATP-driven TRiC ring closing and substrate folding, the process and mechanisms underlying TRiC ring-opening and substrate release remain largely unexplored. In this study, by determining an ensemble of cryo-EM structures of yeast TRiC in the presence of ADP, including three intermediate transition states, we present a comprehensive picture of the TRiC ring-opening process. During this process, CCT3 detects the loss of γ-phosphate and initiates with the dynamics of its apical protrusion, and expands to the outward leaning of the consecutive CCT6/8/7/5 subunits. This is followed by significant movements of CCT2, CCT4, and especially CCT1 subunits, resulting in the opening of the TRiC rings. We also observed an unforeseen temporary separation between the two rings in the CCT2 side, coordinating the release of the originally locked CCT4 N-terminus, which potentially participates in the ring-opening process. Collectively, our study reveals a stepwise TRiC ring-opening mechanism, provides a comprehensive view of the TRiC conformational landscape, and sheds lights on its subunit specificity in sensing nucleotide status and substrate release. Our findings deepen our understanding of protein folding assisted by TRiC and may inspire new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.
Modern infrastructure? The long transition in urban water infrastructure in Milan, Naples, and Venice, c.1800–c.1910
Authors: Valenti Salvatore 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The narrative of technological conquest, modernisation and sanitary improvements has been influential in shaping the historiography of nineteenth-century water infrastructures. Although technological and scientific changes were important elements, however, the transition from the early modern system of water provision to an industrial one also involved resistance, conflict, and competition between different social groups. This article focuses on the issues of drinking water accessibility and related conflicts. It examines archival records of the daily water management, infrastructure projects, and municipal minutes of nineteenth-century Milan, Naples and Venice, as well as documents produced by local communities. Contrary to the consolidated narrative of decline and decay succeeded by innovation, the article contends that the early modern water infrastructure was complex, composed of many elements assembled into a whole, and that differences between these and modern water systems should be sought not in the assumed degree of systematicity. Instead, the division between the two types of systems was manifested in the latter type's scale and its driving concepts, derived from a view of the future for which modern water infrastructures were planned. Simultaneously, the creation of new social boundaries and the increase in inequalities in water access were among the products of modern infrastructure.
Replication studies in second language acquisition research: Definitions, issues, resources, and future directions
Authors: McManus Kevin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA long-standing concern in the field of second language acquisition is that replication studies are not only infrequent but also poorly designed, reported, and labeled. This special issue responds to an urgent need for action by showcasing eleven high-quality replication studies. In doing so, this collection highlights exemplary standards in replication study design and reporting. This introduction to the special issue provides readers with a point of reference for what replication research is, including why replication studies are needed, issues about originality and innovation in replication research, how replication studies can be designed and conducted, and recent advances and resources to support future replication efforts in the field. The introduction concludes with an overview of each study in the special issue, highlighting its main components and discussing how the replication strengthens the field and advances knowledge and understanding about the topic.
Who Can Govern from a House on Fire? International Order, State Responsibility, and the Problem of Solar Radiation Modification
Authors: Young Danielle N. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis essay argues that the possibility of governing the development and deployment of solar radiation modification (SRM) technology is predicated on the assumption of a liberal international order informed by an understanding of state responsibility. However, this order is experiencing a period of disruption that has placed stress on extant and emerging global governance regimes and brought the assumption of their efficacy and viability into doubt. In addition, international order and existing global governance of technologies with planetary implications, such as nuclear weapons, have become the increasing focus of criticism because of the inequities embedded within these institutions, calling into question how much of a roadmap the existing governance architecture can or should provide. Leading developers and proponents of SRM have advocated for cooperative, transparent, science-led governance, which parallels the language of early nuclear governance advocates, but there is a long history of displacement and disruption of indigenous and otherwise marginalized populations without meaningful consultation to accommodate technological developments driven by powerful, industrialized countries. Developing an ethical framework for the governance of SRM will be challenging under the current conditions of increasing tensions and confrontations between major powers that may have non–climate-related interests in developing and controlling SRM technology. This essay will reflect on whether the current international order, stable or unstable, is capable of producing ethical governance of SRM.
Sisters, liaisons, and dangerous things: A cognitive approach to a Nahua metaphor of early colonial stories
Authors: Madajczak Julia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article unpacks a Nahuatl metaphor based on the kin term hueltiuh, “man's elder sister,” used in multiple sixteenth-century Nahuatl texts and their Spanish derivatives. Through a minute analysis of several Nahua stories, the article identifies various roles described with this term: spies, “toothed-vagina” femmes fatales, heart-eating monsters, and seducers. Applying a method borrowed from cognitive linguistics, it then constructs a model of “man's elder sister,” which explains the application of this metaphor to different contexts. In Nahua stories, hueltiuh is usually a female mediator who throws the male characters off balance, leading to a new status quo. Confusingly, this metaphor often appears where one would expect a real kinship term and in a way that makes identifying its symbolic meaning difficult. These complications have led scholars to see (only) genealogical information in stories concerned with symbolic rather than genealogical relations between elite members or deities. The results presented here allow for refining our understanding of some famous Nahua narratives, such as the one on Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl's abandonment of Tollan. They also invite a rethinking of our views on the Nahua (Aztec) pantheon of gods, whose figurative “family bonds” may, in fact, indicate complex nonkinship relations and dependencies.
What women landowners want to know about conservation
Authors: Tong Jingyi , Benning Jamie , DeLong Catherine , Schultz Madeline , Zhang Wendong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Women own or co-own almost half of the land in the US Midwest and women landowners are playing an increasingly important role in production and financial decision-making. Despite their growing influence, women landowners are less engaged in conservation programs and networks, primarily due to inadequate access to conservation services and resources, leading to a scenario where men continue to dominate participation in both governmental and private conservation initiatives. The existing body of literature further echoes this disparity, with women's perspectives and voices markedly underrepresented in the United States' conservation discourse. Aiming to bridge this gap, this article delves into the attitudes of women landowners toward conservation using a 2021 survey conducted with 135 Iowa women landowners. The survey sought to shed light on their interests in various conservation topics, their concerns regarding conservation decision-making, and their preferences concerning the sources of information and the methods through which educational content is delivered. We find that women landowners are most interested in government conservation programs, followed by soil erosion control, soil fertilizer improvement, and cover crops. We provide statistical evidence that more women operating landowners are interested in conservation topics and concerned about conservation issues than women non-operating landowners in general. We further explore the variations in conservation interests among women landowners, considering their demographic and farm-specific characteristics, to highlight the diverse perspectives within this group. Additionally, we examine the preferred channels through which women landowners wish to receive educational information, offering valuable insights for policymaking and extension services. The results underscore a preference for a mix of delivery methods among women landowners, with a particular inclination toward virtual platforms, such as periodic (e-)newsletters and webinars, and printed materials such as fact sheets or infographics, over traditional in-person formats. This nuanced understanding of women landowners' educational preferences and conservation interests serves as a foundational step toward fostering more inclusive conservation programs and networks that effectively engage and represent women in the agricultural sector.