bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting SKA3 suppresses the proliferation and chemoresistance of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma via impairing PLK1–AKT axis-mediated glycolysis
Authors: Gao Wei , Zhang Yuliang , Luo Hongjie , Niu Min , Zheng Xiwang , Hu Wanglai , Cui Jiajia , Xue Xuting , Bo Yunfeng , Dai Fengsheng , Lu Yan , Yang Dongli , Guo Yujia , Guo Huina , Li Huizheng , Zhang Yu , Yang Tao , Li Li , Zhang Linshi , Hou Rui , Wen Shuxin , An Changming , Ma Teng , Jin Lei , Xu Wei , Wu Yongyan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpindle and kinetochore-associated complex subunit 3 (SKA3) is a well-known regulator of chromosome separation and cell division, which plays an important role in cell proliferation. However, the mechanism of SKA3 regulating tumor proliferation via reprogramming metabolism is unknown. Here, SKA3 is identified as an oncogene in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and high levels of SKA3 are closely associated with malignant progression and poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that SKA3 promotes LSCC cell proliferation and chemoresistance through a novel role of reprogramming glycolytic metabolism. Further studies reveal the downstream mechanisms of SKA3, which can bind and stabilize polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) protein via suppressing ubiquitin-mediated degradation. The accumulation of PLK1 activates AKT and thus upregulates glycolytic enzymes HK2, PFKFB3, and PDK1, resulting in enhancement of glycolysis. Furthermore, our data reveal that phosphorylation at Thr360 of SKA3 is critical for its binding to PLK1 and the increase in glycolysis. Collectively, the novel oncogenic signal axis “SKA3-PLK1-AKT” plays a critical role in the glycolysis of LSCC. SKA3 may serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target, providing a potential strategy for proliferation inhibition and chemosensitization in tumors, especially for LSCC patients with PLK1 inhibitor resistance.
High-fat diet promotes renal injury by inducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Sun Yue , Ge Xin , Li Xue , He Jinrong , Wei Xinzhi , Du Jie , Sun Jian , Li Xin , Xun Zhe , Liu Weicheng , Zhang Hao , Wang Zhan-You , Li Yan Chun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObesity has been recognized as a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we investigated the mechanism whereby long-term high-fat diet (HFD) feeding induces renal injury in mice. The C57BL/6 mice fed HFD for 16 weeks developed obesity, diabetes, and kidney dysfunction manifested by albuminuria and blood accumulation of BUN and creatinine. The HFD-fed kidney showed marked glomerular and tubular injuries, including prominent defects in the glomerular filtration barrier and increased tubular cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, HFD feeding markedly increased triglyceride and cholesterol contents in the kidney and activated lipogenic pathways for cholesterol and triglyceride synthesis. HFD feeding also increased oxidative stress and induced mitochondrial fission in tubular cells, thereby activating the pro-apoptotic pathway. In HK-2 and mesangial cell cultures, high glucose, fatty acid, and TNF-α combination was able to activate the lipogenic pathways, increase oxidative stress, promote mitochondrial fission, and activate the pro-apoptotic pathway, all of which could be attenuated by an inhibitor that depleted reactive oxygen species. Taken together, these observations suggest that long-term HFD feeding causes kidney injury at least in part as a result of tissue lipid accumulation, increased oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which promote excess programmed cell death.
Minimum Information for Reporting on the Comet Assay (MIRCA): recommendations for describing comet assay procedures and results
Authors: Møller Peter , Azqueta Amaya , Boutet-Robinet Elisa , Koppen Gudrun , Bonassi Stefano , Milić Mirta , Gajski Goran , Costa Solange , Teixeira João Paulo , Costa Pereira Cristiana , Dusinska Maria , Godschalk Roger , Brunborg Gunnar , Gutzkow Kristine B. , Giovannelli Lisa , Cooke Marcus S. , Richling Elke , Laffon Blanca , Valdiglesias Vanessa , Basaran Nursen , Del Bo’ Cristian , Zegura Bojana , Novak Matjaz , Stopper Helga , Vodicka Pavel , Vodenkova Sona , de Andrade Vanessa Moraes , Sramkova Monika , Gabelova Alena , Collins Andrew , Langie Sabine A. S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe comet assay is a widely used test for the detection of DNA damage and repair activity. However, there are interlaboratory differences in reported levels of baseline and induced damage in the same experimental systems. These differences may be attributed to protocol differences, although it is difficult to identify the relevant conditions because detailed comet assay procedures are not always published. Here, we present a Consensus Statement for the Minimum Information for Reporting Comet Assay (MIRCA) providing recommendations for describing comet assay conditions and results. These recommendations differentiate between ‘desirable’ and ‘essential’ information: ‘essential’ information refers to the precise details that are necessary to assess the quality of the experimental work, whereas ‘desirable’ information relates to technical issues that might be encountered when repeating the experiments. Adherence to MIRCA recommendations should ensure that comet assay results can be easily interpreted and independently verified by other researchers.
Asian citrus psyllid adults inoculate huanglongbing bacterium more efficiently than nymphs when this bacterium is acquired by early instar nymphs
Authors: Ammar El-Desouky , George Justin , Sturgeon Kasie , Stelinski Lukasz L. , Shatters Robert G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) transmits the bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas), which causes huanglongbing (citrus greening) disease, in a circulative-propagative manner. We compared CLas inoculation efficiency of D. citri nymphs and adults into healthy (uninfected) citron leaves when both vector stages were reared from eggs on infected plants. The proportion of CLas-positive leaves was 2.5% for nymphs and 36.3% for adults. CLas acquisition by early instar nymphs followed by dissections of adults and 4th instar nymphs revealed that CLas bacterium had moved into the head-thorax section (containing the salivary glands) in 26.7–30.0% of nymphs and 37–45% of adults. Mean Ct values in these sections were 31.6–32.9 and 26.8–27.0 for nymphs and adults, respectively. Therefore, CLas incidence and titer were higher in the head-thorax of adults than in nymphs. Our results suggest that following acquisition of CLas by early instar D. citri nymphs, emerging adults inoculate the bacteria into citrus more efficiently than nymphs because adults are afforded a longer latent period necessary for multiplication and/or translocation of CLas into the salivary glands of the vector. We propose that CLas uses D. citri nymphs mainly for pathogen acquisition and multiplication, and their adults mainly for pathogen inoculation and spread.
Electrocorticographic patterns dominated by low-frequency waves in camphor-induced seizures
Authors: Ferreira Luan Oliveira , de Souza Rafael Dias , de Araújo Silva Fabrício , Costa Francisco Fabrizio Moraes , Farias Rômulo Augusto Feio , Hamoy Akira Otake , de Mello Vanessa Jóia , Lopes Dielly Catrina Favacho , Hamoy Moisés 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCamphor is an aromatic terpene compound found in the essential oils of many plants, which has been used for centuries as a herbal medicine, especially in children. However, many studies have shown that camphor may have major side effects, including neurological manifestation, such as seizures. In the present study, we investigated the electrocorticographic patterns of seizures induced by camphor in male adult Wistar rats. Each rat received 400 mg/kg (i.p.) of camphor prior to monitoring by electrocorticography. The application of camphor resulted a rapid evolution to seizure and marked changes in the electrocorticographic readings, which presented characteristics of epileptiform activity, with an increase in the total power wave. The decomposition of the cerebral waves revealed an increase in the delta and theta waves. The analysis of the camphor traces revealed severe ictal activity marked by an increase in the polyspike wave. Our data thus indicate that camphor may cause seizures, leading to tonic–clonic seizures. Clearly, further studies are necessary to better elucidate the mechanisms through which camphor acts on the brain, and to propose potential treatments with anticonvulsant drugs that are effective for the control of the seizures.
Desflurane anesthesia shifts the circadian rhythm phase depending on the time of day of anesthesia
Authors: Imai Ryo , Makino Hiroshi , Katoh Takasumi , Kimura Tetsuro , Kurita Tadayoshi , Hokamura Kazuya , Umemura Kazuo , Nakajima Yoshiki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDesflurane is one of the most frequently used inhalational anesthetics in clinical practice. A circadian rhythm phase-shift after general anesthesia with sevoflurane or isoflurane has been reported in mice, but few studies have reported this effect with desflurane. In the present study, we examined the rest/activity rhythm of mice by counting the number of running wheel rotations, and we found that desflurane anesthesia caused a phase shift in the circadian rhythm that was dependent on the time of day of anesthesia. We also found that desflurane anesthesia altered the relative mRNA expression of four major clock genes (Per2, Bmal, Clock, and Cry1) in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). These results are important for elucidating the effects of desflurane on the SCN, which is the master clock for the mammalian circadian rhythm. Further studies on the relationship between anesthesia and circadian rhythm may lead to the prevention and treatment of postoperative complications related to circadian rhythms.
miR-371b-5p promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer via SCAI
Authors: Luo Xue , Zhang Xiaolei , Peng Jianming , Chen Yan , Zhao Wenhui , Jiang Xiuling , Su Landi , Xie Mingqi , Lin Bo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: Multiple gene targets have been reported for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however, the accompanying genetic tolerance was reported increasingly. Therefore, it is important to find new biomarkers or therapeutic targets in treatment of NSCLC.
Methods: The expression levels of miR-371b-5p were detected by qRT-PCR in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. To evaluate the effect of miR-371b-5p on NSCLC progression, we first transfected the miR-371b-5p inhibitor for construction of the miR-371b-5p down-regulated cell model. Then the cell proliferation, migration, invasion and cell apoptosis were detected. In addition, the expression levels of adhesion factors were detected. The target gene of miR-371b-5p was identified by bioinformatics analysis, and rescue experiment was conducted to validate the effect of miR-371b-5p on proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC.
Results: Our findings revealed that the miR-371b-5p was overexpressed in NSCLC and could markedly promote the cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Expression levels of both intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were significantly down-regulated when treated by miR-371b-5p inhibitor. Moreover, dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that the miR-371b-5p targeted SCAI in regulation of cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and the expression of miR-371b-5p was negatively associated with SCAI in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Rescue experiment revealed that the miR-371b-5p could rescue the effect of SCAI on cell proliferation, migration and invasion.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that the miR-371b-5p and SCAI may serve as novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NSCLC.
Impact assessment of high‐power domestic EV charging proliferation of a distribution network
Authors: Zaidi Arsalan , Sunderland Keith , Conlon Michael 
Published: October 2020

Transport electrification is becoming the mainstream as a means to improve efficiency, performance, and sustainability of transportation systems. Electrical vehicles (EVs) can help to de‐carbonise the environment, but a downside is the technical issues presented to the low‐voltage distribution network. To quantify the stochastic nature of transport‐affected electrification, probabilistic load flow is employed. Monte Carlo‐based simulation is applied to accommodate the probabilistic uncertainties associated with variable EV charging patterns. This study considers high‐power charging (up to 11 kW) at the domestic level while monitoring power quality variations (voltage drop, voltage unbalance factor, voltage sag) standards. This work focuses on the Irish and UK, distribution system operator's–transmission system operator's perspectives, as it will help to identify the likely impacts due to high‐EV charger proliferation at household locations. The results indicate that if a 3.68 kW charger is used at the domestic level, it is possible for 40% of total household consumers to connect EVs directly to the distribution network without any power quality breaches. Furthermore, the proliferation of EV can be increased up to 100% if constrained to the start, and middle portions of the network (relative to the feeder substation transformer). For higher charger capacities (up to 11 kW), a bottleneck is presented regarding a resultant voltage unbalance factor.
Low‐profile and wideband gain enhanced Fabry–Perot cavity antenna using gradient PRS and AMC
Authors: Li Zhi‐peng , Peng Lin , Ma Jing , Shi Bin , Zhao Qi‐xiang , Jiang Xing , Li Si‐min 
Published: October 2020

Low‐profile and wideband gain enhancement Fabry–Perot cavity antennas (FPCA) is proposed using gradient Partially Reflective Surface (PRS) and gradient Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC). A wideband source antenna is designed with a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 58.1% (6.1–11.1 GHz). The PRS is constructed by a complementary frequency‐Selective Surfaces (FSS) with a square hole and four small patches in a unit, which realizes phase increasing with frequency. The PRS and the AMC are gradient alone x‐direction to achieve wideband phase compensation. While they are uniform in y‐direction to realize better gain enhancement. Compared with the source antenna, the gain enhancement of the proposed FPCA is about 4–7 dBi. Moreover, the simulated and measured 3‐dB gain bandwidths are 7.26–10.33 GHz (34.8%) and 6.8–10.8 GHz (46%), respectively. The gain enhanced bandwidth is about 52.3% (6.5–11.1 GHz). The impedance bandwidth is 6–11.1 GHz (59.65%). By using the gradient size AMC, the profile of the FPCA is reduced from 0.5λ0 to 0.2λ0, where λ0 is the wavelength of 8.5 GHz. The proposed FPCA has the characteristics of wide impedance bandwidth, wide 3‐dB gain bandwidth, wide gain enhanced bandwidth and low‐profile.
Low‐power up‐conversion folded CMOS mixer for 2–12 GHz ultra‐wideband applications
Authors: Chen Jun‐Da , Qian Jia‐bin 
Published: October 2020

This study presents an ultra‐wideband up‐conversion mixer chip that operates within the frequency range of 2–12 GHz using TSMC 0.18 μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The architecture is based on that of a Gilbert cell mixer. The design of the transconductance stage is based on an inverting amplifier. Two series resonant inductors are used to increase the conversion gain of the mixer, and a transformer that consists of two self‐made inductors reduces the spatial requirement of the chip. This up‐mixer achieves a 12.48 dB conversion gain and features an excellent gain flatness value of ±1.2 dB. The local oscillator (LO)‐to‐radio‐frequency isolation is 44–20 dB, the input third‐order intercept point (IIP3) is −6.8 to −8 dBm and the DC power consumption is 5.084 mW for a supply voltage of 1 V. The total size of the chip for the up‐mixer is 1.2 × 1.2 mm2, including the pad frames.
Performance prediction and experimental study of variable displacement vane oil pump
Authors: He Shang Hong , Liu Xiang , Xiao Shixuan , Liu Guangming , Cai Hao 
Published: October 2020

In order to fully predict the performance of variable displacement vane oil pump (VDVP) during concept design phase， one‐dimensional simulation software AMESim is used to model the centralised parameters of VDVP. Several important performance indexes of VDVP are predicted, including the flow, pressure, torque and initial variable point, it is proved by the bench test that the simulation results have a good correlation with the test results. In addition, the effect of leakage on volumetric efficiency is studied, external leakage is smaller than internal leakage, and the higher the temperature, the larger the leakage. The force characteristics of VDVP are studied. Under extreme conditions, the maximum pressure of the internal chamber is about 15.9 bar, and the maximum forces of the stator and rotor are 1920 and 1653 N, respectively. The effect of temperature on the frictional power is studied. Under low‐temperature conditions, the viscous frictional power is much greater than the dry frictional power, while the high temperature is the opposite.
Infrared interferometric imaging of the compact dust disk around the AGB star HR3126 with the bipolar Toby Jug Nebula
Authors: Ohnaka K. , Schertl D. , Hofmann K.-H. , Weigelt G. 
Published: October 2020

Aims. The asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star HR3126, associated with the arcminute-scale bipolar Toby Jug Nebula, provides a rare opportunity to study the emergence of bipolar structures at the end of the AGB phase. Our goal is to image the central region of HR3126 with high spatial resolution.
Methods. We carried out long-baseline interferometric observations with AMBER and GRAVITY (2–2.45 μm) at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer with spectral resolutions of 1500 and 4500, speckle interferometric observations with VLT/NACO (2.24 μm), and imaging with SPHERE-ZIMPOL (0.55 μm) and VISIR (7.9–19.5 μm).
Results. The images reconstructed in the continuum at 2.1–2.29 μm from the AMBER+GRAVITY data reveal the central star surrounded by an elliptical ring-like structure with a semimajor and semiminor axis of 5.3 and 3.5 mas, respectively. The ring is interpreted as the inner rim of an equatorial dust disk viewed from an inclination angle of ~50°, and its axis is approximately aligned with the arcminute-scale bipolar nebula. The disk is surprisingly compact, with an inner radius of a mere 3.5 R⋆ (2 au). Our 2-D radiative transfer modeling shows that an optically thick flared disk with silicate grains as large as ~4 μm can simultaneously reproduce the observed continuum images and the spectral energy distribution. The images reconstructed in the CO first overtone bands reveal elongated extended emission around the central star, suggesting the oblateness of the star’s atmosphere or the presence of a CO gas disk inside the dust cavity. The object is unresolved with SPHERE-ZIMPOL, NACO, and VISIR.
Conclusions. If the disk formed together with the bipolar nebula, the grain growth from sub-micron to a few microns should have taken place over the nebula’s dynamical age of ~3900 yrs. The non-detection of a companion in the reconstructed images implies that either its 2.2 μm brightness is more than ~30 times lower than that of the red giant or it might have been shredded due to binary interaction.
Effect of Coulomb diffusion of ions on the pulsational properties of DA white dwarfs
Authors: Althaus Leandro G. , Córsico Alejandro H. , De Gerónimo Francisco 
Published: October 2020

Context. Element diffusion is a key physical process that substantially affects the superficial abundances, internal structure, pulsation properties, and evolution of white dwarfs.
Aims. We study the effect of Coulomb separation of ions on the cooling times of evolving white dwarfs, their chemical profiles, the Brunt–Väisälä (buoyancy) frequency, and the pulsational periods at the ZZ Ceti instability strip.
Methods. We followed the full evolution of white dwarf models in the range 0.5 − 1.3 M⊙ derived from their progenitor history on the basis of a time-dependent element diffusion scheme that incorporates the effect of gravitational settling of ions due to Coulomb interactions at high densities. We compared the results for the evolution and pulsation periods of ZZ Ceti stars with the case where this effect is neglected.
Results. We find that Coulomb sedimentation profoundly alters the chemical profiles of ultra-massive (M⋆ ≳ 1 M⊙) white dwarfs throughout their evolution, preventing helium from diffusing inward toward the core, and thus leading to much narrower chemical transition zones. As a result, significant changes in the g-mode pulsation periods as high as 15% are expected for ultra-massive ZZ Ceti stars. For lower mass white dwarfs, the effect of Coulomb separation is much less noticeable. It causes period changes in ZZ Ceti stars that are below the period changes that result from uncertainties in progenitor evolution, but larger than the typical uncertainties of the observed periods.
Conclusions. Coulomb diffusion of ions profoundly affects the diffusion flux in ultra-massive white dwarfs, driving the gravitational settling of ions with the same A/Z (mass to charge number). We show that it strongly alters the period spectrum of such white dwarfs, which should be taken into account in detailed asteroseismological analyses of ultra-massive ZZ Ceti stars.
Medizinische Tauglichkeit für kommerzielle suborbitale Raumflüge
Authors: Ullrich Oliver 
Published: October 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGKommerzielle Flüge mit „Suborbital Reusable Launch Vehicles (sRLV)“ werden einen wichtigen Markt des Weltraumtourismus darstellen und auch die Zugangsmöglichkeiten zu Schwerelosigkeit für Forschung und Entwicklung signifikant erhöhen. Demgegenüber sind das medizinische Wissen und Raumflugerfahrung mit Personen, die nicht die stringenten medizinischen Tauglichkeitskriterien eines Berufsastronauten erfüllen, verschwindend gering. Aktuell existiert keine internationale Gesetzgebung oder Organisation zur Regulation von suborbitalen Raumflügen und nur die USA hat bisher durch die Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Anforderungskriterien an die medizinische Tauglichkeit für die bemannte kommerzielle Raumfahrt erlassen. Im Zentrum der FAA-Richtlinien steht die Minimierung des Risikos für Gesundheit und Sicherheit der Besatzungsmitglieder oder Passagiere und die informierte Einwilligung des „space flight participant“ in alle mit dem Raumflug verbundenen Risiken. Der Erwerb raumfahrtmedizinischen Wissens und Erfahrung mit „space flight participants“ kann sich als extrem wertvoll für die zukünftige Exploration des Weltraums durch den Menschen erweisen.