bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Constituents from Endophytic Fungus Annulohypoxylon cf. stygium in Leaves of Anoectochilus roxburghii
Authors: Gao Shuo , Tian Wen‐Jing , Liao Zu‐Jian , Wang Guang‐Hui , Zeng De‐Quan , Liu Xiang‐Zhong , Wang Xiao‐Yao , Zhou Hu , Chen Hai‐Feng , Lin Ting 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe chemical investigation on endophytic fungus Annulohypoxylon cf. stygium in leaves of Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. has been performed. Sixteen compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as (−)‐notoamide A, (−)‐notoamide B, (+)‐versicolamide B, notoamide C, notoamide D, stephacidin A, sterigmatocystin, dihydrosterigmatocystin, secosterigmatocystin, versiconol, averufanin, kipukasin D, kipukasin E, diorcinal, palmarumycin CP2 and (−)‐(3R)‐mellein methyl ether, respectively, by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. All the compounds were isolated from Annulohypoxylon genus for the first time. Sterigmatocystin and palmarumycin CP2 showed selective cytotoxic activities against HepG2, HeLa, MCF‐7 and HT‐29.
A chemometric approach to compare Portuguese native hops with worldwide commercial varieties
Authors: Martins Zita E. , Machado Júlio C. , Cunha Sara C. , Barata Ana Maria , Ferreira Isabel M.P.L.V.O. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA diversity of native hops can be found in Portugal, but little is known concerning their volatile and sensory profiles. Nowadays, the exponential growth of the craft beer sector and the preference for more flavoured beers promote the research of unexplored wild hops that have the advantage of being well adapted to the Portuguese edaphoclimatic conditions. Therefore, the goal of this study was to characterize the volatile profile of 75 native Portuguese hops and compare with 34 commercial varieties by means of headspace solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC/MS), in order to select those that present similarities with commercialized hops and confirm by check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) analysis if they present similar organoleptic characteristics. Due to the complexity of hop volatile profile and the great number of samples analysed, robust chemometric treatment of chromatographic and sensorial data was required to make reliable conclusions. Twelve Portuguese hops present a volatile profile and sensory characteristics quite similar to some commercial varieties, because 11 Portuguese hops were grouped with the European varieties Challenger, Hallertauer Magnum and Perle, both in volatile profile and sensory analysis and one clustered with American registered varieties.
Conservation production systems in the mid‐southern USA: III. Zone tillage for furrow‐irrigated soybean
Authors: Bryant C.J. , Krutz L.J. , Reynolds D.B. , Locke M.A. , Golden B.R. , Irby T. , Steinriede R.W. , Spencer G.D. , Mills B.E. , Wood C.W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMid‐southern U.S. soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] producers are frequently encouraged to adopt no‐tillage systems to capture the associated environmental benefits; however, adoption is minimal due to the need for raised seedbeds for irrigation and drainage purposes. This research was conducted to determine if zone tillage systems, with and without a tillage radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. longipinnatus) cover crop, can maintain yield, profitability, and water use efficiency relative to that of a conservation tillage system with subsoiling. The effects of conservation systems on soybean grain yield, net returns above specified costs, and water use efficiency were investigated near Stoneville, MS on a Dubbs silt loam (Fine‐silty, mixed, active, thermic Typic Hapludalfs). Relative to a conservation tillage system with subsoiling, switching to a zone tillage system with or without a cover crop had no effect on soybean grain yield (P = .4986), net returns above specified costs (P = .3724), or water use efficiency (P = .5652). Our data indicate that mid‐southern U.S. soybean productivity and profitability are maintained in zone‐tillage systems.
Transforming Photocatalytic g‐C3N4/MoSe2 into a Direct Z‐Scheme System via Boron‐Doping: A Hybrid DFT Study
Authors: Ai Changzhi , Li Jin , Yang Liang , Wang Zhipeng , Wang Zhao , Zeng Yamei , Deng Rong , Lin Shiwei , Wang Cai‐Zhuang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractZ‐scheme photocatalytic systems are an ideal band alignment structure for photocatalysis because of the high separation efficiency of photo‐induced carriers while simultaneously preserving the strong reduction activity of electrons and oxidation activity of holes. However, the design and construction of Z‐scheme photocatalysts is challenging because of the need for appropriate energy band alignment and built‐in electric field. Here, we propose a novel approach to a Z‐scheme photocatalytic system using density functional theory calculations with the HSE06 hybrid functional. The undesirable type‐I g‐C3N4/MoSe2 heterojunction is transformed into a direct Z‐scheme system through boron doping of g‐C3N4 (B‐doped C3N4/MoSe2). Detailed analysis of the total and partial density of states, work functions and differential charge density distribution of the B‐doped C3N4/MoSe2 heterojunction shows the proper band alignment and existence of a built‐in electric field at the interface, with the direction from g‐C3N4 to MoSe2, demonstrating a direct Z‐scheme heterojunction. Further investigation on the absorption spectra reveals a large enhancement of the light absorption efficiency after boron doping. The results consistently confirm that electronic structures and photocatalytic performance can be effectively manipulated by a facile boron doping. Modulating the band alignment of heterojunctions in this way provides valuable insights for the rational design of highly efficient heterojunction‐based photocatalytic systems.
From Electronic Waste to Suzuki−Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction in Water: Direct Valuation of Recycled Palladium in Catalysis
Authors: Lacanau Valentin , Bonneté Françoise , Wagner Patrick , Schmitt Martine , Meyer Daniel , Bihel Frédéric , Contino‐Pépin Christiane , Bourgeois Damien 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFrom electronic waste to Pd‐catalyzed reaction! The straightforward valuation of palladium recovered from electronic waste is reported here. Following a classical leaching stage, palladium is selectively extracted from a complex aqueous mixture of metallic cations into an organic phase. Afterwards, the judicious choice of a surfactant enables stabilization of palladium during back extraction cycles, and the direct preparation of an aqueous micellar solution, which can be employed in a model Suzuki−Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction. Clean phase separation is observed, and distribution of all components between organic and aqueous phases is mastered. The proposed process avoids several waste generating steps dedicated to palladium isolation and ultimate purification, as well as the preparation of palladium pre‐catalyst. This novel approach enables a better use of both natural resources and industrial wastes, through new cycles in circular economy.
A Durable Ruddlesden‐Popper Cathode for Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells
Authors: Huan Daoming , Zhang Lu , Li Xinyu , Xie Yun , Shi Nai , Xue Shuangshuang , Xia Changrong , Peng Ranran , Lu Yalin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProtonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) have been proved as an efficient energy converter at intermediate temperatures. To accelerate the kinetics of the proton‐involved oxygen reduction reaction (p‐ORR), developing efficient and durable cathodes is of great importance for improving PCFCs. In this work, a new triple‐layered Ruddlesden‐Popper (R−P) structure oxide, Sr3EuFe2.5Co0.5O10−δ (3‐SEFC0.5), was developed as a potential single‐phase cathode for PCFCs, showing high oxygen non‐stoichiometry and desirable structural thermal stability. By employing this highly active and stable single‐phase cathode, the PCFC demonstrated unprecedented low polarization resistances and exceptionally great peak power densities, which were approximately 0.030 Ω cm2 and 900 mW cm−2 measured at 700 °C, respectively. These findings not only manifest the effectiveness of optimal doping in improving the structural stability and electrocatalytic activity in the multi‐layered perovskite family, but also highlight the great potential of using multi‐layered R−P series oxides as highly active and durable catalysts for PCFCs.
Achieving Near‐Unity CO Selectivity for CO2 Electroreduction on an Iron‐Decorated Carbon Material
Authors: Hu Xin‐Ming , Mendoza Daniela , Madsen Monica Rohde , Joulié Dorian , Lassalle‐Kaiser Benedikt , Robert Marc , Pedersen Steen U. , Skrydstrup Troels , Daasbjerg Kim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA straightforward procedure has been developed to prepare a porous carbon material decorated with iron by direct pyrolysis of a mixture of a porous polymer and iron chloride. Characterization of the material with X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and electron microscopy indicates the presence of iron carbide nanoparticles encapsulated inside the carbon matrix, and elemental mapping and cyanide poisoning experiments demonstrate the presence of atomic Fe centers, albeit in trace amounts, which are active sites for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The encapsulated iron carbide nanoparticles are found to boost the catalytic activity of atomic Fe sites in the outer carbon layers, rendering the material highly active and selective for CO2 reduction, although these atomic Fe sites are only present in trace amounts. The target material exhibits near‐unity selectivity (98 %) for CO2‐to‐CO conversion at a small overpotential (410 mV) in water. Furthermore, the material holds potential for practical application, as a current density over 30 mA cm−2 and a selectivity of 93 % can be achieved in a flow cell.
Understanding the Formation of Deep Eutectic Solvents: Betaine as a Universal Hydrogen Bond Acceptor
Authors: Abranches Dinis O. , Silva Liliana P. , Martins Mónia A. R. , Pinho Simão P. , Coutinho João A. P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe mechanism of formation of betaine‐based deep eutectic solvents (DES) is presented for the first time. Due to its polarity unbalance, it was found that betaine displays strong negative deviations from ideality when mixed with a variety of different organic substances. These results pave the way for a comprehensive design of novel deep eutectic solvents. A connection to biologically relevant systems was made using betaine (osmolyte) and urea (protein denaturant), showing that these two compounds formed a DES, the molecular interactions of which were greatly enhanced in the presence of water.
Heterogeneous Non‐noble Catalyst for Highly Selective Production of Linear α‐Olefins from Fatty Acids: A Discovery of NiFe/C
Authors: Zhang Zihao , Lin Wenwen , Li Yafei , Okejiri Francis , Lu Yubing , Liu Jixing , Chen Hao , Lu Xiuyang , Fu Jie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCatalytic deoxygenation of even‐numbered fatty acids into odd‐chain linear α‐olefins (LAOs) has emerged as a complementary strategy to oligomerization of ethylene, which only affords even‐chain LAOs. Although enzymes and homogeneous catalysts have shown promising potential for this application, industrial production of LAOs through these catalytic systems is still very difficult to accomplish to date. A recent breakthrough involves the use of an expensive noble‐metal catalyst, Pd/C, through a phosphine ligands‐assisted method for LAOs production from fatty acid conversion. This study presents a unique, cost‐friendly, non‐noble bimetallic NiFe/C catalyst for highly selective LAOs production from fatty acids through decarbonylative dehydration. In the presence of acetic anhydride and phosphine ligand, a remarkable improvement in the yield of 1‐heptadecene from the conversion of stearic acid was found over the supported bimetallic catalyst (NiFe/C) as compared to corresponding monometallic counterparts (Ni/C and Fe/C). Through optimization of the reaction conditions, a 70.1 % heptadecene yield with selectivity to 1‐heptadecene as high as 92.8 % could be achieved over the bimetallic catalyst at just 190 °C. This unique bimetallic NiFe/C catalyst is composed of NiFe alloy in the material bulk phase and a surface mixture of NiFe alloy and oxidized NiFeδ+ species, which offer a synergized contribution towards decarbonylative dehydration of stearic acid for 1‐heptadecene production.
Hidden diversity in Antarctica: Molecular and morphological evidence of two different species within one of the most conspicuous ascidian species
Authors: Ruiz Micaela B. , Taverna Anabela , Servetto Natalia , Sahade Ricardo , Held Christoph 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Southern Ocean is one of the most isolated marine ecosystems, characterized by high levels of endemism, diversity, and biomass. Ascidians are among the dominant groups in Antarctic benthic assemblages; thus, recording the evolutionary patterns of this group is crucial to improve our current understanding of the assembly of this polar ocean. We studied the genetic variation within Cnemidocarpa verrucosa sensu lato, one of the most widely distributed abundant and studied ascidian species in Antarctica. Using a mitochondrial and a nuclear gene (COI and 18S), the phylogeography of fifteen populations distributed along the West Antarctic Peninsula and Burdwood Bank/MPA Namuncurá (South American shelf) was characterized, where the distribution of the genetic distance suggested the existence of, at least, two species within nominal C. verrucosa. When reevaluating morphological traits to distinguish between genetically defined species, the presence of a basal disk in one of the genotypes could be a diagnostic morphological trait to differentiate the species. These results are surprising due to the large research that has been carried out with the conspicuous C. verrucosa with no differentiation between species. Furthermore, it provides important tools to distinguish species in the field and laboratory. But also, these results give new insights into patterns of differentiation between closely related species that are distributed in sympatry, where the permeability of species boundaries still needs to be well understood.
The production cost analysis of oil palm waste activated carbon: a pilot‐scale evaluation
Authors: Lai Jia Yen , Ngu Lock Hei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOil palm waste has been widely used in activated carbon (AC) by applying various activation methods and degrees of processing. The aim of this paper was to conduct technoeconomic assessment for pilot‐scale oil palm based AC (OPbAC) production to evaluate cost of these methods using different activation and post‐activation surface modification processes. Based on the assumptions in earlier publications, the pilot‐scale evaluation was estimated by summation of fixed capital investment with total annual operating costs according to the percentages of total equipment cost reported in the literature. The proposed investment in constructing and operating three different types of AC manufacturing facility is investigated by the net present value (NPV) method. The evaluation revealed that the physical activation process required lower fixed capital investment ($2.12 million) and annual operating cost ($1.53 million) compared to chemical and physiochemical processes with respective total fixed capital investment ($6.32 million) and total annual operating cost ($2.57 million). The NPV results reported that positive NPVs are evaluated for all three manufacturing facilities and the proposed investments associated with these facilities are acceptable. The highest production cost related to chemical activation with ZnCl2 in the presence or absence of an oxidizing gas was estimated to be $3.24 per kg AC, whereas the lowest production cost of $2.72 per kg AC was found for steam activation that required no additional purchase of commodity chemicals. On the other hand, a modification by impregnation using magnesium oxide estimates the highest additional modified AC product cost at $8.60 per kg AC given its high purchased chemical price. These findings are beneficial in providing preliminary insights in terms of economic aspects for OPbAC production. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnostic performance of culture filtered protein 10‐specific perforin in pediatric patients with active tuberculosis
Authors: Cai Qinzhen , Shen Xin , Li Hongze , Yao Cong , Sun Na , Wang Jun , Wu Huan , Yuan Chunhui , Xiang Jie , Xiang Yun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)‐specific perforin were significantly increased in patients with tuberculosis. This study aims to evaluate the diagnosis value of Mtb‐specific perforin in pediatric patients with tuberculosis.MethodsDiagnostic performance of perforin levels induced by 6‐kDa early secreted antigen target (ESAT6) or culture filtered protein 10 (CFP10) were evaluated in eighty‐six samples from children participants by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of perforin and INF‐γ of CD4+, CD8+ T cells in response to CFP10 stimulation.ResultsAfter ex vivo stimulation, levels of ESAT6/CFP10‐specific perforin in LTBI patients were significantly higher than active TB (ATB) patients, non‐tuberculosis infection (non‐TB), and health control (HC) individuals. The diagnostic efficacy of CFP10‐specific perforin for TB diagnosis was significantly higher than ESAT6‐specific perforin and T‐SPOT assay, and when 0.74 ng/mL was taken as the cutoff value, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 97.83%, 87.5%, and 93.02%. CFP10‐specific perforin in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in ATB patients compared to HCs and further increased in LTBI patients. However, INF‐γ was mainly secreted by CD4+ T cells and showed no significant difference between LTBI and ATB patients. In addition, CFP10‐specific perforin can effectively distinguish between ATB and LTBI with the cutoff value of 1.80 ng/mL. Sensitivity and specificity were 88.46% and 85.62%, respectively.ConclusionsCFP10‐specific perforin may be used as a novel cellular immunity‐based diagnostic marker of pediatric patients with tuberculosis, and with the potential for discriminating ATB from LTBI.
Understanding global teleconnections to surface air temperatures in Japan based on a new climate classification
Authors: Oettli Pascal , Nonaka Masami , Kuroki Masahiko , Koshiba Hiroyuki , Tokiya Yosuke , Behera Swadhin K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUtilizing the self‐organizing map (SOM), a type of artificial neural network, a new classification of the climate of Japan is proposed. The SOM is applied on the monthly mean surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies, extracted from 762 stations. Considering the strong seasonal cycle in mid‐latitudes, the classification is performed for two distinct seasons, boreal winter and boreal summer. Applied on monthly average temperature, to capture the seasonal signal, the SOM is an easily implementable interesting tool to (a) objectively capture the patterns present in the input data, and (b) identify the source of interannual variability, which is crucial for power demand forecasting. While modulated by local conditions, SAT in Japan is mainly influenced by large‐scale circulation. It is found in this study that stronger relationships exist for tropics with southern regions and for extra‐tropics with northern regions, in the seasonally oriented teleconnection patterns. In winter, the regions are organized along a north–south orientation, with a secondary west–east orientation in the central part of the country. This organization is a function of the strength of the link with the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans sea‐surface temperatures. Changes in the speed of the westerly jet, together with the modulation of the Western Pacific (WP)‐like and Eurasian (EU)‐like patterns, are also important for SAT in Japan in winter. In summer, the main organization follows a west–east orientation. The Pacific Japan (PJ)‐like pattern plays an important role in the geographical distribution of the SAT, together with the existence of mid‐latitude and subtropical wave trains, like the Silk Road (SR)‐like pattern.
Stability Study and Clinical Evaluation of Lipid Injectable Emulsion in Parenteral Nutrition Admixtures Used for Preterm Neonates
Authors: Sayed Ola Abd El‐Aziz , Hassan Sahar B. , Abdelkader Ayat , Elsabahy Mahmoud , Abdelaziz Nafisa H. R. , El‐Sayed Ahmed M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntravenous administration of parenteral nutrition (PN) admixtures containing 4‐oil lipid injectable emulsion (ILE) in preterm neonates is usually prohibited because of limited clinical data. The authors evaluated the stability, safety, and efficacy of PN admixtures containing 4‐oil ILE, for the first time, in preterm neonates.MethodsA series of PN admixtures were prepared for consecutive administration in preterm neonates over a period of 15 days. Admixture stability was assessed after 24 hours of storage at 25 and 37 °C via visual inspection and measurement of mean droplet size (MDS). Safety and efficacy of the admixtures in preterm neonates were assessed via serum triglyceride levels and body weight increase measurements, respectively.ResultsPN admixtures were stable at 25 °C and had MDS ˂500 nm. After 15 days, there was a significant increase in body weight (P ≤ .0001) and level of serum triglycerides (P ≤ .0001), compared with the level before PN administration.ConclusionsPN admixtures containing 4‐oil ILE were stable at 25 °C and showed instability at 37 °C. Therefore, it is recommended to keep the temperature during administration of PN admixtures at 25 °C. PN admixtures were well tolerated and safe over a period of 8 days while providing a balanced fatty acid supply. Tight monitoring of serum triglyceride level is essential, particularly in neonates of low birth weight and/or young gestational age, to avoid hypertriglyceridemia. Hence, the use of these PN admixtures is expected to be beneficial in terms of being cost‐effective and reducing the contamination risks.
Exploring the barriers of adherence to dietary recommendations among patients with type 2 diabetes: A qualitative study in Iran
Authors: Mostafavi‐Darani Firoozeh , Zamani‐Alavijeh Fereshteh , Mahaki Behzad , Salahshouri Arash 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsType 2 diabetes is a major global health concern, and its prevalence is rapidly increasing throughout the world. The present study was conducted to explore the experiences of patients and healthcare providers to identify the social barriers to patients' adherence to their recommended diet and thus help the design of future interventions.DesignThis study was conducted as a qualitative study with content analysis approach.MethodsThe present qualitative study was conducted from November 2016–July 2017. Data were collected through 38 unstructured in‐depth interviews with 33 T2D patients and their treatment supervisors and field notes. The interview transcripts were coded using the MAXQDA 10 software. To extract categories and themes, the thematic analysis approach was used. We followed the COREQ Checklist to ensure rigour in our study.ResultsThe analysis of the study revealed the emergence of five categories of perceived barriers including social priorities and rivalries, family's food habits, poor social support, social impasses and dominant food patterns.