bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of excess chlorazol black stains from microcrustacean specimens
Authors: Mugnai R. , Santos A. S. , Corgosinho P. H. C. , Salazar S. S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The preparation of specimens is a crucial aspect of zoological studies. Some specific study techniques or certain taxonomic groups require staining processes. However, an excessive exposure to the staining agents can turn a specimen improper for morphological studies. Here, we report that an excess of chlorazol black, one of the most used stains in biology, can be easily removed from crustacean specimens with a solution of methanol and Extran® detergent or, less effectively, with a solution of methanol and commercial dishwashing soap.
Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of the ecdysone receptor from the spiny lobster Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Decapoda, Palinuridae)
Authors: Zhuo Hong B. , Liang Hua F. , Cai Cai X. , Luo Jia J. , Liang Fei S. , Wen Chong Q. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The ecdysone receptor (EcR) is a crucial nuclear transcription factor that participates in ecdysteroid signalling. In this study, cDNA of EcR in Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758) (PhEcR) was cloned and characterized. PhEcR cDNA was 3141 bp, in which a 12 bp insert/deletion splice variant region in the hinge domain was identified. PhEcR mRNA presented the most abundant expression in the ovary. PhEcR mRNA expression was rapidly upregulated in the premoult stage and downregulated in the ecdysis stage. PhEcR mRNA maintained a relatively high expression level from egg-nauplius stage to embryo stage with compound eye pigments formed. The transcript levels of PhEcR in muscle were up-regulated on the 5th and 10th day after antenna ablation. These data suggest that PhEcR may not only play a vital role in the ecdysteroid signalling, but also have relation to embryonic development and limb regeneration.
The Belarusian Model of Economic Transition and Industrialization
Authors: Song Min Young , Mah Jai S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article discusses the economic development of Belarus, which took the gradualist approach in transition. Rejecting the Washington Consensus—based reform, Belarus experienced a quick recovery during the 1990s and rapid economic growth during the early to mid-2000s. The government took various policy measures to ensure the structure of a centrally planned economy. These measures included price control, emphasis on the large state-owned enterprises, restrictions on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, and tariff protection. Facing limits to economic growth since the late 2000s, the government has undertaken liberalization measures including price decontrol, promotion of small and medium-sized enterprises, derestriction of FDI inflows, and trade liberalization. In the meantime, realizing the role of industrialization, it placed an emphasis on development of the manufacturing sector by lowering tariff rates imposed on capital goods. Finally, the article provides policy implications for the other developing and transition economies pursuing economic development in light of the experience of Belarus.
Changing Paradigms in the Law of the Sea and the Marine Arctic
Authors: Tanaka Yoshifumi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The existence of a sense of common or community interests is a prerequisite to establishing an order in a society, national or international. In this connection, it is notable that the protection of community interests is increasingly important in international law and the law of the sea is no exception. The increasing need for protecting community interests necessitates a new paradigm in the law of the sea. The legal issues regarding the marine Arctic should also be considered in the context of changing paradigms in the law of the sea. Thus this article seeks to overview principal issues of the international law governing the marine Arctic from the viewpoints of a dual paradigm, that is, the law of divided oceans (paradigm I) and the law of our common ocean (paradigm II).
Rising Seas and Retreating Coasts: Implications for the Arctic
Authors: Schofield Clive , Lalonde Suzanne 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article addresses both the physical impacts and international legal issues arising from two interlinked stressors on Arctic coastlines: sea level rise and coastal erosion. Key aspects of the legal regime governing the baselines from which coastal States calculate the outer limits of their maritime zones are reviewed and a synopsis of the practice among the Arctic littoral States is provided. The article then turns to a discussion of the practical and international legal responses available to deal with the present and future challenge of rising seas and retreating coasts. The concluding section offers with some reflections on the way forward for a region experiencing some of the most devastating impacts of climate change.
Benefitting from the Common Heritage of Humankind: From Expectation to Reality
Authors: Jaeckel Aline 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The international seabed ‘Area’ and its mineral resources are the common heritage of mankind and must be administered for the benefit of humankind as a whole. Yet the vision of the benefits to be reaped from the Area has changed over the years. The common heritage concept encapsulates seemingly conflicting developmental, commercial, and ecological imperatives. With seabed mining edging closer to becoming a reality, there is a need to analyse these imperatives and the range of benefits that humankind can (and in some cases already does) derive from the Area. This article critically discusses six categories of benefits that are relevant to seabed mining and assesses them against historical expectations. These are wealth generation and redistribution, advancement of developing States, security of mineral supply, ecosystem services, scientific knowledge, and other uses of the Area.
The Polar Code and the Arctic Marine Environment: Assessing the Regulation of the Environmental Risks of Shipping
Authors: Chircop Aldo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Polar Code adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has established a new vessel-source pollution prevention standard for Arctic waters, as well as the Antarctic area. The Polar Code consists of mandatory rules and guidance provisions supplementing international rules to address a range of environmental risks posed by ships in polar operations. This article explores the scope of application of the Polar Code and its interface with other pertinent IMO instruments. The article comments on the limits of application of Polar Code standards in addressing pollution prevention and how they are further nourished, supplemented or facilitated by other IMO instruments, both with respect to pollution prevention as well as other environmental risks posed by shipping in the Arctic context. The article identifies shortcomings and gaps and concludes with possible options for Arctic coastal States that may wish to raise environmental standards to mitigate particular risks.
A new Cretaceous record of Platanoxylon (Platanaceae): the first Mesozoic angiosperm wood from China
Authors: Cheng Ye-Ming , Liu Feng-Xiang , Jin Yue-Gao , Sun Tong-Xing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A new record of Cretaceous platanaceous wood, Platanoxylon sp., is described from Keshan, Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China. The features indicating it belongs to Platanoxylon include: growth rings distinct, wood diffuse-porous, vessels numerous, solitary and in short radial or tangential multiples, perforation plates exclusively scalariform, intervessel pits opposite, elliptical, horizontally elongated, vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits, some fibers with distinctly bordered pits, axial parenchyma diffuse, rays mostly large homocellular multiseriate, rarely uniseriate, and crystals often in ray cells. Fossil platanaceous woods are common in the Northern Hemisphere. Yet, Platanoxylon sp. is China’s first report of fossil Platanaceae wood. It is also China’s first record of Cretaceous angiosperm wood. This wood and compression floras indicate that the Platanaceae were in northern China from the Late Cretaceous to the Eocene.
Interpulse Frequency Diversity System for Second-Trip Suppression and Retrieval in a Weather Radar
Authors: Chandrasekar V. , Kumar Mohit 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA new interpulse frequency diverse technique is introduced for weather radar second-trip suppression and retrieval. Interpulse coding is widely used for second-trip suppression or cross-polarization isolation. Here, a new interpulse scheme is discussed, taking advantage of frequency diverse waveforms. The simulations and performance tests are evaluated, keeping in mind NASA dual-frequency, dual-polarization, Doppler radar (D3R). A new method is discussed to recover velocity and spectral width despite the incoherence in samples due to the change of frequency from pulse to pulse. This technique can recover the weather radar moments over a much higher dynamic range of the second-trip contamination than the popular interpulse phase codes, for second-trip suppression and retrieval under specific phase noise conditions. And it has a bigger recovery region of second-trip velocity if the region is drawn with increasing spectral width (compared to other interpulse codes).
Global Scatterometer Observations of the Structure of Tropical Cyclone Wind Fields
Authors: Tamizi Ali , Young Ian R. , Ribal Agustinus , Alves Jose-Henrique 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA very large database containing 24 years of scatterometer passes is analyzed to investigate the surface wind fields within tropical cyclones. The analysis confirms the left–right asymmetry of the wind field with the strongest winds directly to the right of the tropical cyclone center (Northern Hemisphere). At values greater than 2 times the radius to maximum winds, the asymmetry is approximately equal to the storm velocity of forward movement. Observed wind inflow angle (i.e., storm motion not subtracted) is shown to vary both radially and azimuthally within the tropical cyclone. The smallest observed wind inflow angles are found in the left-front quadrant with the largest values in the right-rear quadrant. As the velocity of forward movement increases and the central pressure decreases, observed inflow angles ahead of the storm decrease and those behind the storm increase. In the right-rear quadrant, the observed inflow angle increases with radius from the storm center. In all other quadrants, the observed inflow angle is approximately constant as a function of radial distance.
Effect of Dedicated In‐Person Interpreter on Satisfaction and Efficiency in Otolaryngology Ambulatory Clinic
Authors: Johnston Douglas R. , Lavin Jennifer M. , Hammer Allison Rose , Studer Abbey , Harding Colin , Thompson Dana M. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveIn a large academic children’s hospital ambulatory clinic, the increasing demand for Spanish interpretation exceeds the Interpreting Services Department capacity, necessitating telephone interpretation. By adding a dedicated Spanish interpreter in the otolaryngology clinic, we aimed to decrease visit times for Spanish‐speaking patients and increase satisfaction. Additional aims explored if dedicated Spanish interpreters could increase patients seen per session.MethodsA quality improvement initiative investigated baseline state compared to 2 tests of change using video interpretation and dedicated, in‐person interpretation. Time permitting, interpreters contacted patients before the visit to decrease missed appointments and late arrivals. Measures included clinic visit times, late arrivals, missed appointments, and family/employee satisfaction scores. Actuarial statistics forecasted if on‐site Spanish interpreters would affect patients seen per session and the potential addition of sessions.ResultsIn‐person interpretation reduced visit times for Spanish‐speaking patients from 55 to 48 minutes (P =. 01) and 57 to 48 minutes for all patients (P <. 0001). Nearly 50% of video calls experienced technical difficulties. Families and employees preferred in‐person over video and phone interpretation. No‐show visits decreased by 25% and late arrivals by 17%.DiscussionImplementing dedicated Spanish interpreters may increase productivity and enhance family experience.Implications for PracticeReducing patient visit time by 9 minutes permits 2 additional patients per clinic session (1560 visits, 390 surgeries per year). Applied institution‐wide, the intervention could create 29% more capacity in the ambulatory schedule (31,000 additional visits) and reduce actuarial need for ambulatory sessions in the same clinic space.
Adverse Events in Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulator Implantation: 5‐Year Analysis of the FDA MAUDE Database
Authors: Bellamkonda Nikhil , Shiba Travis , Mendelsohn Abie H. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveUse of hypoglossal nerve stimulator implantation has dramatically improved the surgical treatment of multilevel airway collapse during obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Understanding causes of adverse events and their impact on patients undergoing stimulator implantation will help improve patient preparation and surgical practices to avoid future complications.Study DesignThis study is a retrospective review of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database, a publicly available voluntary reporting system.SettingNational patient event database.MethodsThe MAUDE database was searched for reports associated with the terms “hypoglossal nerve stimulator” and “Inspire,” being the only currently FDA‐approved system for upper airway stimulation for OSA. All records were searched with the events limited in dates between May 2014 and September 2019.ResultsA total of 132 patient reports were identified over the 5‐year inclusion period, containing 134 adverse events. The reported adverse events resulted in 32 device revision procedures as well as 17 explantations. Device migration and infection were 2 of the most commonly reported adverse events. Complications not witnessed in previous large‐scale clinical trials included pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and lead migration into the pleural space.ConclusionPrevious data have demonstrated hypoglossal nerve stimulator implantation results in reliable OSA improvement. However, a number of technical difficulties and complications still exist during the perioperative period, which should be communicated to patients during the surgical consent process.
Identification of hub genes in colon cancer via bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Liu Jun , Sun Gui-Li , Pan Shang-Ling , Qin Meng-Bin , Ouyang Rong , Huang Jie-An 
Published: September 2020

Objectives This study aimed to investigate hub genes and their prognostic value in colon cancer via bioinformatics analysis. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of expression profiles (GSE33113, GSE20916, and GSE37364) obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were identified using the GEO2R tool and Venn diagram software. Function and pathway enrichment analyses were performed, and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. Hub genes were verified based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases. Results We identified 207 DEGs, 62 upregulated and 145 downregulated genes, enriched in Gene Ontology terms “organic anion transport,” “extracellular matrix,” and “receptor ligand activity”, and in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway “cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction.” The PPI network was constructed and nine hub genes were selected by survival analysis and expression validation. We verified these genes in the TCGA database and selected three potential predictors ( ZG16, TIMP1, and BGN) that met the independent predictive criteria. TIMP1 and BGN were upregulated in patients with a high cancer risk, whereas ZG16 was downregulated. The immunostaining results from HPA supported these findings. Conclusion This study indicates that these hub genes may be promising prognostic indicators or therapeutic targets for colon cancer.
LMX1B-associated gankyrin expression predicts poor prognosis in glioma patients
Authors: Guo Xu , Piao Haozhe , Xue Yixue , Liu Yunhui , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: September 2020

Objective To explore the potential of the transcription factor LMX1B and downstream gankyrin as prognostic biomarkers of glioma. Methods The expression levels of gankyrin and LMX1B were detected in 52 normal brain specimens and 339 glioma specimens. Correlations of gankyrin and LMX1B expression levels with pathological stages and clinical characteristics were statistically analyzed. Furthermore, the binding of LMX1B to the gankyrin promoter was evaluated using ALGGEN PROMO. Results Levels of LMX1B and gankyrin were significantly increased in tumor tissue, and were significantly associated with advanced glioma grade and poor survival. Compared with gankyrin- and LMX1B-negative glioma, the mean survival of patients with higher gankyrin and LMX1B expression was significantly reduced, from 83.46 to 18.87 months and from 63.79 to 18.29 months, respectively. Furthermore, LMX1B had a moderate positive correlation with gankyrin expression (Pearson’s r = 0.650), and it was also found to act as a transcription factor with NF-κB and E47 on the gankyrin promoter. Conclusions Increased expression of LMX1B and gankyrin has independent prognostic value in glioma patients. The transcription factor LMX1B may have an upstream role in the mechanism of action.
Evidence of localized and widespread pressure pain hypersensitivity in patients with tension-type headache: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , Plaza-Manzano Gustavo , Navarro-Santana Marcos J , Olesen Jes , Jensen Rigmor H , Bendtsen Lars 
Published: September 2020

Objective This meta-analysis evaluates pressure pain sensitivity values in symptomatic and distant pain-free areas comparing individuals with tension-type headache to controls. Databases and data treatment Electronic databases were searched for cross-sectional or prospective case-control studies comparing pressure pain thresholds in patients with tension-type headache to headache-free controls. Data were extracted by three reviewers. The methodological quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Meta-analyses of trigeminal, extra-trigeminal (neck) and distant pain-free areas in tension-type headache were compared to headache-free controls. Frequency of tension-type headache and gender were taken into account. Results Twenty studies were included. Patients with tension-type headache exhibited lower pressure pain thresholds than headache-free controls: Trigeminal (MD −49.11 kPa, 95% CI −66.05 to −32.17), cervical spine (MD −88.17 kPa, 95% CI −108.43 to −67.92) and distant pain-free areas (MD −98.43 kPa, 95% CI −136.78 to −60.09). Differences were significant for chronic, episodic, and mixed episodic and chronic tension-type headache within the trigeminal and neck (symptomatic areas), but only significant for chronic tension-type headache (MD −102.86, 95% CI −139.47 to −66.25 kPa) for distant pain-free areas. In general, women had lower pressure pain thresholds than men. The methodological quality ranged from fair (45%) to good (40%). The results showed a high heterogeneity and publication bias. Conclusion This first meta-analysis addressing pressure pain thresholds differences in symptomatic and distant pain-free areas between patients with tension-type headache and controls found low to moderate evidence supporting the presence of pressure pain hypersensitivity in the trigeminal and neck areas in tension-type headache in comparison with headache-free controls. Sensitivity to pressure pain was widespread only in chronic, not episodic, tension-type headache (moderate evidence). Registration number: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/R29HY
‘Employ Your Mind’: a pilot evaluation of a programme to help people with serious mental illness obtain and retain employment
Authors: Miles Anne , Crosse Caroline , Jenkins Zoe , Moore Gaye , Fossey Ellie , Harvey Carol , Castle David 
Published: September 2020

Objective: Cognitive impairments contribute to difficulty in obtaining employment for people with severe mental illnesses (SMIs). We describe a pilot evaluation of a programme, Employ Your Mind (EYM), which integrates cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) with vocational rehabilitation. Method: Sixty participants with SMIs enrolled in EYM, a 6-month programme that combines CRT exercises, individual project work and group reflection sessions about social interaction and cognitive functioning. Participants completed assessments of cognitive function (Audio Recorded Cognitive Screen, Wechsler Digit Span Task), psychosocial function (Work and Social Adjustment Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale) and abilities related to work (Dialogue about Working Ability, Self-Assessment of Thinking Skills) at baseline and postprogramme. Paired t-tests were used to compare assessments of participants who completed the programme between the two time points. Results: The programme was completed by 22 individuals. These individuals demonstrated significant improvement in cognitive function, social and work-related function, and subjective thinking ability after completing the EYM programme. Conclusion: The EYM programme is effective in improving cognition, impairments related to work and social function, and subjective thinking skills for some individuals with SMIs. Future evaluation of the programme should focus on enhanced retention and assessment of employment outcomes.
Parent- and child-reported anxiety disorders differentiating major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder in children and adolescents
Authors: Vance Alasdair , Winther Jo 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To date, specific parent- and child-defined anxiety disorders associated with dysthymic disorder (DD; DSM-5 persistent depressive disorder equivalent) with and without major depressive disorder (MDD) have not been investigated in children and adolescents. Method: In a cross-sectional study, we compared point prevalence rates of parent- and child-reported anxiety disorders in DD alone ( N = 154), MDD alone ( N = 29), comorbid DD and MDD ( N = 130) and anxiety disorders alone ( N = 126) groups. Results: DD alone and MDD alone did not differ with respect to comorbid anxiety disorders from parent and child reports, while parent-reported panic disorder (PD) was significantly increased in the DD and MDD group compared to the other three groups as was child-reported post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to the MDD alone and anxiety disorders alone groups. In contrast, specific phobia (SpPh) was significantly increased in the anxiety disorders alone group compared to the DD and MDD group. Conclusion: The findings suggest that specific fear-related anxiety disorders, especially parent-reported PD and child-reported PTSD, may aid the early recognition of DD and MDD.