bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary embolism in Behcet’s disease: a case report
Authors: Moumtzi Despoina , Kakoura Marianna 
Published: November 2020

Behcet’s disease (BD) is a vasculitis of unknown etiology. It is often correlated with thrombophilic factors such as V Leiden. Pulmonary involvement is reported in 1-10% of patients. The most common manifestations are pulmonary aneurysms while pulmonary embolism is a rare complication. A 41-year old man with BD and V Leiden heterozygosity complained of pleurodynia and fever. Pleurodynia deteriorated in the following days and PE was confirmed by CT angiography, without the presence of aneurysms. After the exclusion of the antiphospholipid syndrome, a therapeutic dose of apixaban was initiated. Two weeks later, pleurodynia relapsed in combination with pleural effusion unilaterally. These findings were attributed to disease exacerbation. For this reason, we decided to enhance the immunosuppressive therapy. Six months later, CTPA showed complete remission of the clots. Vasculitis predisposes to thrombosis with or without coexisting thrombophilia. Clinicians should include them in their differential diagnosis and provide personalized treatment, based on immunosuppressants.
The prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma with oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Saalim Mohd , Sansare Kaustubh , Karjodkar Freny R. , Johaley Satyapal , Ali Ibrahim K. , Sharma Sneha R. , Mehra Archana , Rahman Bushra 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) in patients with OSF.

Materials and Methods:
Of 48,757 patients, we found 300 OSF subjects. Three hundred patients of OSF were checked for OSCC. Both OSF and OSCC with OSF (OSCCwOSF) were diagnosed histopathologically. The prevalence of OSCCwOSF was calculated. Descriptive analysis was done. Chi-square test and t-test were calculated for proportions and mean, respectively, to check any difference among OSF and OSCCwOSF groups. Age-specific relative risk was calculated in OSF and OSCCwOSF groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done among odd ratios of the different variable between OSF and OSCCwOSF groups.

Results:
The prevalence of OSCCwOSF among OSF was 13.7% over a period of 1 year. The mean age of OSCCwOSF group was 43.95 ± 10.22 years in comparison to the OSF group that was 35.51 ± 11.26 years (P < 0.00). The mean habit duration was significantly less in the OSF group when compared to OSCCwOSFgroup for mishri (P = 0.002). Age-specific adjusted relative risk of OSCC in OSF patient increases from 0.33 (18–34 years) to 3.86 (≥65 years)

Conclusion:
It could be concluded that a 13.7% prevalence rate of OSCCwOSF in OSF patients should alert the clinician. Clinicians should, therefore, anticipate OSSC in OSF patients. This awareness could lead to the early diagnosis and management of such OSCC.
Persistence of Markers of Chloroquine Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in Bangladesh
Authors: Johora Fatema Tuj , Elahi Rubayet , Nima Maisha Khair , Hossain Mohammad Sharif , Rashid Humaira , Kibria Mohammad Golam , Mohon Abu Naser , Khan Wasif A. , Haque Rashidul , Alam Mohammad Shafiul 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThe control of malaria, in terms of drug resistance, remains a significant global challenge, with Bangladesh, a malaria-endemic country, being no exception. The aim of this study was to explore antimalarial resistance in Bangladesh by molecular analysis of Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) and P. falciparum multidrug resistance transporter 1 (pfmdr1) genetic markers of P. falciparum. Samples were obtained from uncomplicated malaria patients between 2009 and 2014 from six malaria-endemic districts. Based on parasite transmission intensity, the endemic districts were divided into high-transmission (Chittagong Hill Tracts [CHT]) and low-transmission (non-CHT) regions. Falciparum malaria-positive isolates were genotyped for K76T of the pfcrt gene, and N86Y and Y184F of the pfmdr1 gene: in total, 262 P. falciparum clinical isolates were analyzed. In CHT areas, the prevalence of polymorphisms was 70.6% for 76T, 14.4% for 86Y, and 7.8% for 184F. In non-CHT areas, 76T and 86Y mutations were found in 78.0% and 19.5% of the samples, respectively, whereas no 184F mutations were observed. We compared our data with previous similar molecular observations, which shows a significant decrease in pfcrt 76T mutation prevalence. No pfmdr1 amplification was observed in any of the samples suggesting an unaltered susceptibility to amino alcohol drugs such as mefloquine and lumefantrine. This study provides an updated assessment of the current status of pfcrt and pfmdr1 gene mutations in Bangladesh, and suggests there is persistent high prevalence of markers of resistance to aminoquinoline drugs.
Performance of Dried Blood Spots Compared with Serum Samples for Measuring Dengue Seroprevalence in a Cohort of Children in Cebu, Philippines
Authors: Daag Jedas Veronica , Ylade Michelle , Jadi Ramesh , Adams Cameron , Cuachin Anna Maureen , Alpay Riacarl , Aportadera Emma Teresa Carmela , Yoon In-Kyu , de Silva Aravinda M. , Lopez Anna Lena , Deen Jacqueline 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTDengue seroprevalence data are useful for understanding epidemiologic trends and transmission dynamics, and for making decisions about implementation of dengue control programs. A logistical challenge to seroprevalence surveys is the collection and transport of serum samples. For conducting large and repeated dengue serosurveys, dried blood spots (DBS) would allow easier sample collection, shipment, transport, and storage than standard serum collection methods. Further evidence is needed to understand how well DBS performs compared with standard serum collection methods in laboratory assays. We evaluated the detection of anti-dengue antibodies by IgG indirect ELISA when using DBS compared with sera. Specimens were collected from healthy children in Cebu, Philippines, who would be 9–14 years of age at the time of a mass dengue vaccination program. Using an ELISA index value cutoff of 0.9, 1,285/1,488 (86.4%) of the DBS were seropositive and 203 (13.6%) were seronegative, compared with 1,292/1,488 (86.8%) seropositive and 196 (13.2%) seronegative serum samples. Compared with sera, the DBS method had a 98.3% sensitivity, 92.4% specificity, 98.9% positive predictive value, and 89.2% negative predictive value. Considering the advantages in terms of sample collection, shipment, and storage, DBS sampling may be appropriate for dengue population serosurveys.
Anti-Snake Venom, Anti-Arthritic and Cytotoxic Activities of <i>Tectona grandis</i> L. f. Stem Bark (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Gbolade Adebayo , Adedokun Oluwasegun , Ume Ogochukwu , Onyechege Johnkennedy , Mkparu Cynthia 
Published: November 2020

Tectona grandis L. f. (Lamiaceae) is famous for timber production and has been used in traditional medicine for treating bronchitis, liver-related roubles, urinary discharge amongst other diseases. Methanol extract of the stem bark was investigated for in vivo antiophidian assay against Bitis arietans and Naja nigricollis. Also, the extract and chromatographic fractions were subjected to cytotoxicity tests using tadpole model and antiarthritic assay by proteinase inhibition. Chromatography of crude methanol extract afforded three highly polar vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) fractions (BVLC-1, BVLC-2 and BVLC-3). BVLC-2 further gave four semi-pure uncharacterized isolates (I, II, III, IV). Only BVLC-2 and BVLC-3 were cytotoxic at 10 - 80 mg/ml, with BVLC-3 being most potent (100% mortality, LC50 40 mg/ml). Concentration-dependent proteinase enzyme inhibition (24 - 71%) at 200 - 1000 μg/ml of BVLC-2 was observed, and this was less (IC50 659.24 μg/ml) than the activity of the standard drug, acetyl salicylic acid. However, neutralization of B. arietans and N. nigricollis snake venoms using methanol extract was not dose-dependent, but the extract atthe least dose, 50 mg/kg offered better protection (75%) on Naja nigricollis envenomed-mice in 48 h. Its activity was comparable to that of the positive antivenin tested at 0.2 mg/kg. These findings justify the folkloric use of T. grandis in the treatment of snake bites, arthritic conditions, and oxidative stress-induced diseases.
Keywords: Tectona grandis, methanol extract, anti-snake venom activity, tadpole cytotoxicity, anti-arthritic activity
Foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental analysis of the sediments penetrated by Sahaiawei-1 well in the Northern Delta Depobelt, Niger Delta Basin
Authors: Itiowe K , Lucas F.A. , Olise C.O. 
Published: November 2020

Foraminifera biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental analysis of the sediments penetrated by Sahaiawei-1 Well in the Northern Delta Depobelt, Niger Delta Basin was carried out in order to determine the foraminifera biozonation, age, paleobathymetry, depositional environment and paleo-oxygen condition of the well. The total foraminifera population recovered was two thousand, three hundred and sixty five (2365), with planktic foraminifera constituting one hundred and fifty four (154) forms, while calcareous benthic and agglutinated benthic foraminifera recovered accounted for two thousand, one hundred and sixty two (2162) and fourty nine (49) of the total foraminifera population respectively. The total foraminifera species recovered was fifty nine (59); planktic accounted for twenty (20) foraminifera species, while calcareous and agglutinated benthic foraminifera accounted for thirty one (31) and eight (8) foraminifera species respectively. Five benthic foramineferabiozones were identified: lumped P7-P13, P5-P6/P7, lumped P3-P4, lumped P1-P2 and M18 Zones of Blow (1969, 1979). The result of the analysis indicates that the entire analysed interval (1800ft – 10680ft) was deposited during the Late Maastrichtian to Late Eocene epoch. The depositional environments of the Well varied from littoral, marginal, shallow and deep marine environments.
Keywords: Biozonation, Calcareous, Arenaceous, Agglutinated, Hyposaline Marshes, Hyposaline Shelf Sea
Assessment of pedestrian mobility on road networks in the City Of Kigali
Authors: Nkurunziza David , Tafahomi Rahman 
Published: November 2020

This paper analyzed and assessed the pedestrians’ mobility issues that are affecting their free movement and safety in the City of Kigali by outlining the major challenges in the City and providing alternative solutions and measures for improving the mobility and safety of pedestrians. The methodology of the paper was designed based on qualitative method with application of structured and unobtrusive. Referring to the paper findings about the mobility challenges of pedestrians within the City of Kigali, it is noted that the mobility of the pedestrians and their safety is still low and typical problems including road crossing viewed as the second challenges about pedestrians mobility, walking along very close to the road networks due to insufficient footpaths, lacking of enough road signs, lacking of information about pedestrian behavior on road networks, and improper functioning of existing traffic signals as the first challenge. The paper found that the majority of road networks in the City of Kigali did not provide walkways, traffics signals designs and availability is very poor and some of them not functioning, zebra crossing facilities were not provided adequately, pedestrians shelter on bus stop are almost absent and ignored, vehicles travelling speed is still high and does not allow pedestrians to move freely, and the mobility of physically challenged people has been forgotten and there is a need of introducing the pedestrian overpass bridges in clouded zones of the city center, Nyabugogo, Kicukiro and Remera-Giporoso areas of the City of Kigali.
Keywords: Mobility, Pedestrian Safety, Road Networks, Traffic Signals, Pedestrians.
Hydrogeochemical assessment of groundwater of Igboora Area, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Akanbi O.A. , Sanni W. , Oshin O. , Olatunde A.G. 
Published: November 2020

The people of Igboora rely on groundwater for their domestic water supply. A hydrogeochemical study was carried out on twenty-seven groundwater samples collected from various boreholes across the study area to determine the suitability of the groundwater for drinking purpose. The total dissolve solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of the water were measured in the field directly, while the concentrations of major ions were done in the laboratory using flame photometry and spectrophotometry methods. The hydrogeochemical facies classes was done with piper plot and the likely enrichment source(s) of the chemical facies were interpreted with Gibbs plot in conjunction with correlation analysis. The results showed that the pH was between 5.0 and 6.7 at an average (av.) of 5.8; TDS ranged from 50 – 280 (av. 183) mg/L and EC was 110 – 560 (av. 373) μS/cm. The concentrations of the major cations in mg/L were: 5 – 105.5 Ca2+, 1 – 11.9 Mg2+, 0 - 95 Na+, 0 – 112 K+, while for anions the ranges were, 9 - 58 HCO3 - , 6.8 – 28.8 CO3 2-, 1.1 – 29.4 SO4 2-, 2.9 – 26 Cl- and 16 – 90.5 for NO3 -. From the mean values, the order of the cationic dominance was Ca2+ > K+ > Na+ > Mg2+ while that of anionic was NO3 -> HCO3 - > CO3 2- > CI- > SO4 2- . The hydrogeochemical facies in the groundwater was mainly Ca-HCO3 type with minor occurrences of Na-HCO3 and Ca- Na-HCO3 types. Enrichment source of the cationic chemical facies was mainly rock dominated, while that of the anionic were from meteoric and biogenic sources. From the results of correlation analyses, the TDS has direct and positive relationships with most chemical constituents, indicating that the analysed ionic constituents dominated the dissolved solids in the groundwater. The groundwater can be said to be potable except that the water in the boreholes is slightly acidic and nitrate concentration exceeded recommended limit of 50 mg/L in many of the samples.
Foraminiferal analysis of AE-1 well, Agbada formation Onshore, Western Niger Delta Basin: Implication for biozonation and age dating
Authors: Amiewalan Florence O. , Balogun Frankie .O. 
Published: November 2020

Foraminiferal and sedimentological analysis was carried out using ditch cutting samples from intervals 2700 ft. - 10,185 ft. in AE-1 well. The samples were composited at 60 ft. into ninety four (94) ditch cutting samples. The standard micropaleontological sample procedures to recover the foraminiferal biofacies assemblages was utilized, followed by analysis and interpretation of the obtained results. The sedimentological analysis reveals five lithofacies - sandstone, sandy shale, shaly sand, mudstone and sandy clay which constitute part of the Agbada Formation of the Niger Delta. The foraminiferal fauna recovered from the samples studied comprised of twenty four species grouped into nineteen genera from niniteen families and nineteen subfamilies. A few number of miscellaneous microfossils such as Ostracoda, Holothuroidea and Echinoderm remains were recovered. The total count of foraminiferal defined from this well is four hundred and nineteen (419). The planktic foraminiferal count was two hundred and forty two (242) (57.8 % of the total count) while the benthics foraminiferal count was one hundred and seventy seven (177) (42.2 % of the total count). Among the benthic forms, the calcareous consists of one hundred and forty nine forms (149) (33.4 % of the total benthic count) while the agglutinating benthic forms were thirty seven (37) (8.8 % of the total benthic count). One (1) planktic (Chiloguembelinacubensis) and three (3) benthic (Eponidesberthelotianus, Hanzawaiastratonii and Nonionellaauris) informal foraminiferal zones were established in the well. The age of the AE-1 well sediments has been interpreted to belong to Early Oligocene - Early Miocene in comparism with foraminiferal markers species whose stratigraphic ranges are well established in the Niger Delta and globally. This inferred the presence of the Rupelian - Burdigalian sediments in the Niger Delta.
Keywords: Foraminiferal, Biozone, Age, Rupelian, Burdigalian.
A retrospective analysis and monitoring of the spread of Covid-19 in Nigeria
Authors: Nnamdi Edike , Odunayo Braimah Joseph , Agbedeyi Odimientimi Desmond 
Published: November 2020

This study is aimed at analyzing and monitoring the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria using some selected statistical tools. The data used for the study comprised of daily reported new cases of the pandemic as of 18th August 2020. The data was sourced from the Nigeria Center for Disease Control (NCDC). Some time-series models were used to estimate the trend and make forecasts of the prevalence of the pandemic while control charts were employed in monitoring the variations in the mean number of new COVID-19 cases reported daily. The Individual values, MovingAverage and Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) control charts were employed for this purpose. The study revealed that, although efforts to contain the spread of the virus are yielding some positive results, the daily spread of the virus in Nigeria is out of control. It was recommended that the government should intensify measures to curb the spread of the virus in the country.
Keywords: COVID-19, pandemic, control charts, Trend, EWMA, Moving Average.
Lithofacies characterization and quantitative mineralogical analysis of the sediments from Sahaiawei-1well in the northern Delta Depobelt of the Niger Delta Basin
Authors: Lucas F.A. , Itiowe K , Avwenagha E.O. , Eruebi B.T. 
Published: November 2020

The sediments of Sahaiawei-1 Well in the Northern Delta Depobelt are represented by sand and shale alternation. Lithofacies characterization and X-ray diffraction technique were used to characterize the sediments from the well in order to characterize the lithofacies, identify the minerals present, determine environment of deposition and identify potential zones for hydrocarbon exploitation. The lithofacies characterization was based on the textural properties, mineralogical composition, fossil content, homogeneity and heterogeneity of the lithofacies units of the well. The lithofacies analysis for Sahaiawei-1 Well identified four (4) lithofacies types of mainly sandstone, shaly sandstone, sandy shale and shale; and fourteen (14) lithofacies zones. The result of the X-ray diffraction analysis identified the following clay minerals – kaolinite, illite/muscovite, chlorite and sepiolite; carbonates and non-clay minerals. Therefore, due to the high percentage of kaolinite in Sahaiawei-1 Well (2% to 39.87%), it could be concluded that pore filing kaolinite may have more effect on the reservoir quality than the pore bridging illite and pore lining chlorite.
Keywords: alternation, lithofacies, X-ray diffraction, reservoir, mineralogy
Incidence and management of <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> canker on <i>Jatropha curcas</i> L. in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Nwogwugwu J.O. , Batcho A.A. , Time I 
Published: November 2020

The Impact of fungal pathogens on man is enormous, stretching from infecting humans to destroying a third of all food crops annually thereby causing economic losses and impacting global poverty. As a result, fungal disease incidence was assessed under natural field infection and data were collected randomly from 12 months old jatropha seedlings with cankers. Colletotrichum spp. isolated from the diseased sampled were interacted with known fungi and bacteria biocontrol agents. The experiment was carried out on completely randomized design (CRD) in the laboratory. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and statistically different means were separated using LSD (p≤0.05). The dual culture interaction proved that all the BCA used, possessed antagonistic potential, and could serve best for prophylactic protection. Plant diseases may be suppressed by the activities of one or more plant-associated microbes hence keeping them in check below threshold levels. This will help to maintain the quality and abundance of food, thereby mitigating hunger. Negative environmental consequences caused by excessive use and misuse of agrochemicals, requires that healthier and costeffective approaches to disease management should be adopted.
Keywords: Biodiesel; Agrochemicals; Biocontrol agent; Dual culture; Pathogens
Isolation of lupeol from the stem bark of <i>Leptadenia hastata</i> (Pers.) Decne
Authors: Mailafiya M.M. , Pateh U.U. , Hassan H.S. , Sule M.I. , Bila A.H. , Musa T.L. , Atinga V , Achika J.I. 
Published: November 2020

Dried stem bark powder of Leptadania hastata was subjected to maceration with methanol to afford crude methanol extract, which was partitioned with n-hexane, ethylacetate, chloroform and n- butanol to afford different their respective fractions. Extensive phytochemical screening of the n-hexane fraction using column chromatography resulted to the isolation of a white solid substance. The substance was identified as of lupeol using IR, 1D – NMR, 2D – NMR data and by comparison with reference spectral data.
Keywords: Leptadenia hastata, Isolation, Lupeol, 1D – NMR, 2D – NMR
Evaluation of whitefly population and weather effect of cassava mosaic incidence on commonly grown cassava in Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Time I , Okoroafor E , Nwogwugwu J.O. , Batcho A.A. 
Published: November 2020

Vector population and weather are critical in virus disease incidence and could be strategic for its management in agriculture. To investigate the influence of whitefly population and weather on Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD) in cassava, TMS 419 and TME 30572, commonly grown in the state were planted. The varieties were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design in four replicates and left to natural infection by CMD viruses. At two weeks after planting and fortnightly, whitefly population counts were taken, CMD incidence was estimated and severity scored on 5- point scale. Daily temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction were obtained as secondary data. Data were analysed using ANOVA at p=0.05. Whitefly population (18/plant) was significant (P≤0.05) in the first 30 days at 26.9-27.1oC, 42% humidity, 10 Km/hr wind speed and when the wind direction was in the East or North-East. The vector population then declined until the end of experiment. Cassava mosaic incidence changed with whitefly population, humidity and wind speed. Disease incidence in cassava plots was low (3.6%). TME30572 maintained lower disease incidence (3.0%) and severity (2.0) during the study. R2 indicated that 27, 42 and 57% of whitefly population could be explained by temperature, humidity and wind speed, respectively while 4% of the disease incidence could be explained by the whitefly population. The number of CMD infected plants peaked (4%) when population of whitefly was 18/plant, above which the disease reduced at 0.0017 rate per unit change in the vector population. Mosaic disease incidence in cassava plots was influenced by vector population as conditioned by the weather.
Keywords: Bemisia tabaci, Cassava, Cassava Mosaic Disease, Nigeria, Weather, Whitefly vector
ЭССЕ ЖАНРЫНЫҢ ӨЗІНЕ ТӘН ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕРІ
Authors: Жолшаева М. С. , Тұрысбек А. Қ. 
Published: November 2020

Аңдатпа. Мақалада жоғарғы сынып оқушылары жазатын шығаршылық жұмыстың бір түрі – эссе жанры қарастырылды. Жалпы орта білім беретін мектептердің бағдарламасына енгізілгеніне ұзақ уақыт болмаған бұл жазба жұмысының төңірегінде көптеген сұрақтар туындады. Сол сұрақтардың бір қатарына зерттеу жұмысы жасалды. Нәтижесінде эссе жанрына анықтама беріліп, ерекшеліктері талданды. Эссе мен шығарманың жазылу мақсатына, жанрлық құрылымына, көлеміне, берілген тақырыбына қарай айырмашылықтары көрсетілді. Қосымша мысалдар келтірілді. Эссе жазу барысында жоғары сынып оқушылары жиі жіберетін қателіктері сұрыпталып, айқындалды. Әр қайсысы мысалдармен дәйектелді. Мақаланы жазу барысында Білім және Ғылым министрлігі, Ұлттық тестілеу орталығы эссе жазу бойынша дайындаған әдістемелік нұсқаулығы басшылыққа алынды. Нұсқаулықтағы эссе тақырыптары, эсселер, эссенің құрылымы, эссе түрлеріне байланысты мәліметтер пайдаланылды.