bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel user authentication method based on body composition analysis
Authors: Laka Pawel , Korzeb Zbigniew , Mazurczyk Wojciech 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAuthentication is the process of confirming one’s identity. There is a steadily growing need to protect confidential, especially financial, data, as banks provide their services online through their ubiquitous systems. This paper presents a novel authentication method based on the analysis of body composition. A trusted system that relies on the biometric authentication has been designed, implemented, and evaluated, showing a false accept rate (FAR) of 0%, while its false reject rate (FRR) is 2.65%. As the proposed solution requires virtually no special action from the user during the authentication process, it can be seen as suitable for incorporation into existing multifactor authentication solutions.
Microstructure Characteristics of ECAP Processed 1050 Aluminum After Deformation and 5 Years Later
Authors: Wroński M. , Wierzbanowski K. , Malik R. , Wroński S. , Wojtas D. , Baczmański A. , Tarasiuk J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Modification of microstructure parameters of severely deformed 1050 aluminum after 5 years of recovery at ambient temperature was studied. The samples of 1050 aluminum were extruded using ECAP technique. The EBSD maps were recorded for the initial material and for the deformed samples. Next, the latter samples were left at ambient temperature during 5 years and a full EBSD study of the material was repeated. It was found that all microstructure parameters and textures have changed after this period. This is due to recovery and partial recrystallization, which took place in the samples during 5 years. The presented modifications of material microstructure are important, e.g., in the aspect of long time service of mechanical parts produced by severe plastic deformation techniques.

Graphic Abstract
The Impact of Personal Values, Gender Stereotypes, and School Climate on Homophobic Bullying: a Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Bacchini Dario , Esposito Concetta , Affuso Gaetana , Amodeo Anna Lisa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionSchools are among the most homophobic social contexts, where students who do not conform to gender norms are at high risk of stigma and discrimination.MethodUsing a multilevel approach, the aim of the current was to examine whether adolescents’ engagement in homophobic bullying behavior was associated with personal values and stereotyped victim-blaming attributions at individual level, and perceptions of school as a community and frequency of teachers’ reaction to bullying incidents at classroom level. Data were collected in 2010. The sample consisted of 2718 Italian middle and high school students (53.2% females; mean age = 15.36,SD = .85) from 144 classrooms.ResultsResults showed that self-transcendence values reduced the risk of engaging in homophobic bullying, whereas both self-enhancement values and stereotyped victim-blaming attributions were positively associated with homophobic bullying. At classroom level, only negative perceptions of school as a community had a unique positive contribution on homophobic bullying, over and above other individual and contextual factors. Two cross-level interactions were found, indicating that self-transcendence values had a significant effect in decreasing homophobic bullying in classrooms where teacher support was perceived as low, whereas stereotyped victim-blaming attributions had a significant effect in increasing homophobic bullying in classrooms where teacher support was perceived as high.ConclusionThese findings provide further support to the social-ecological perspective as a useful guiding framework for understanding the complexity of factors predicting homophobic bullying.Policy ImplicationsEfforts should be made to develop clear anti-bullying school policies explicitly dealing with the issue of homophobic bullying.
Comparative evaluation of multi-basin production performance and application of spatio-temporal models for unconventional oil and gas production prediction
Authors: Wigwe M. E. , Bougre E. S. , Watson M. C. , Giussani A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractModern data analytic techniques, statistical and machine-learning algorithms have received widespread applications for solving oil and gas problems. As we face problems of parent–child well interactions, well spacing, and depletion concerns, it becomes necessary to model the effect of geology, completion design, and well parameters on production using models that can capture both spatial and temporal variability of the covariates on the response variable. We accomplish this using a well-formulated spatio-temporal (ST) model. In this paper, we present a multi-basin study of production performance evaluation and applications of ST models for oil and gas data. We analyzed dataset from 10,077 horizontal wells from 2008 to 2019 in five unconventional formations in the USA: Bakken, Marcellus, Eagleford, Wolfcamp, and Bone Spring formations. We evaluated well production performance and performance of new completions over time. Results show increased productivity of oil and gas since 2008. Also, the Bakken wells performed better for the counties evaluated. We present two methods for fitting spatio-temporal models: fixed rank kriging and ST generalized additive models using thin plate and cubic regression splines as basis functions in the spline-based smooths. Results show a significant effect on production by the smooth term, accounting for between 60 and 95% of the variability in the six-month production. Overall, we saw a better production response to completions for the gas formations compared to oil-rich plays. The results highlight the benefits of spatio-temporal models in production prediction as it implicitly accounts for geology and technological changes with time.
Error-Tolerance and Error Management in Lightweight Description Logics
Authors: Peñaloza Rafael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe construction and maintenance of ontologies is an error-prone task. As such, it is not uncommon to detect unwanted or erroneous consequences in large-scale ontologies which are already deployed in production. While waiting for a corrected version, these ontologies should still be available for use in a “safe” manner, which avoids the known errors. At the same time, the knowledge engineer in charge of producing the new version requires support to explore only the potentially problematic axioms, and reduce the number of exploration steps. In this paper, we explore the problem of deriving meaningful consequences from ontologies which contain known errors. Our work extends the ideas from inconsistency-tolerant reasoning to allow for arbitrary entailments as errors, and allows for any part of the ontology (be it the terminological elements or the facts) to be the causes of the error. Our study shows that, with a few exceptions, tasks related to this kind of reasoning are intractable in general, even for very inexpressive description logics.
Tribological response of waste tire rubber as micro-fillers in automotive brake lining materials
Authors: Pai Anand , Subramanian Sayikumar , Sood Tribhuvan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractElastomeric materials show promise as potential micro-fillers in brake linings. They can provide vibration damping and acoustic advantages in intermittent and abrupt impact applications such as braking. The elastomeric material can be salvaged from non-biodegradable automotive tires, thereby providing an opportunity to reuse materials that will otherwise be discarded in landfills. Both tribological and thermomechanical performances of the waste tire rubber were assessed to determine their potential for use as micro-fillers in the brake linings of commercial vehicles with a gross weight less than 16 tons. Accordingly, the brake lining materials were fabricated with fine waste tire rubber particulates (WTRPs) as the micro-fillers, phenolic-R resin as the binder, graphite as the dry lubricant, laterite as the co-filler, and coconut coir for natural fiber reinforcement. The effects of increasing the WTRP weight fraction on the brake response of the linings were analyzed, and the different compositions were benchmarked against a commercial brake lining. Mechanical characterization comprising compressive strength, hardness, density, and porosity studies were carried out. Frictional and wear characteristics of the linings were analyzed using a rotary tribometer with simultaneous thermal monitoring. The manufactured lining with 15 wt% WTRPs exhibited a mean friction coefficient of ~0.38, a specific volumetric loss rate of 1,662 µm3/(N·m), and improved thermal response. Using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), wear surface morphology studies compared the relative development of primary and secondary plateaus and revealed the redistribution of wear debris, leading to the stability of the coefficient of friction.
Lessons and tips for designing a machine learning study using EHR data
Authors: Arbet Jaron , Brokamp Cole , Meinzen-Derr Jareen , Trinkley Katy E. , Spratt Heidi M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMachine learning (ML) provides the ability to examine massive datasets and uncover patterns within data without relying ona prioriassumptions such as specific variable associations, linearity in relationships, or prespecified statistical interactions. However, the application of ML to healthcare data has been met with mixed results, especially when using administrative datasets such as the electronic health record. The black box nature of many ML algorithms contributes to an erroneous assumption that these algorithms can overcome major data issues inherent in large administrative healthcare data. As with other research endeavors, good data and analytic design is crucial to ML-based studies. In this paper, we will provide an overview of common misconceptions for ML, the corresponding truths, and suggestions for incorporating these methods into healthcare research while maintaining a sound study design.
Antimicrobial prescribing practices at a tertiary-care center in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 across the continuum of care
Authors: Stevens Ryan W. , Jensen Kelsey , O’Horo John C. , Shah Aditya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn a single-center review of antibiotic prescribing in COVID-19 patients, 10% of patients received antimicrobials, and inpatients encounters had the highest rate and spectrum of prescribing. Prescribing rate, spectrum, and duration appeared to increase with disease severity in inpatients. Antimicrobial prescribing in patients managed in ambulatory encounters was less common.
The Scottish East India Company of 1617: Patronage, Commercial Rivalry, and the Union of the Crowns
Authors: Wagner Joseph 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe history of the Scottish East India Company of 1617 is a history of partnerships and rivalries within and between Scotland and England. The company was opposed by the merchants of the royal burghs in Scotland and by the East India Company, Muscovy Company, and Privy Council in England. At the same time, it was supported by the Scottish Privy Council and was able to recruit Dutch, English, and Scottish investors. The interactions between these groups were largely shaped by the union of the crowns, which saw James VI accede to the thrones of England and Ireland and move his court to London. Scotland was thus left with an absentee monarch, decreasing the access of Scottish merchants to the king while increasing the importance of court connections in acquiring that access. Regal union also created opportunities for Scots to become part of the London business world, which, in turn, could lead to backlash from English interests. Having developed in this context, the Scottish East India Company speaks to how James VI and I approached patronage and policy in his multiple kingdoms, how commercial rivalries developed in England and Scotland, and how trading companies played a role in constitutional developments in Stuart Britain.
Catholic Power and the Irish City: Modernity, Religion, and Planning in Galway, 1944–1949
Authors: Butler Richard J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA major town planning dispute between church and state in Galway in the 1940s over the location for a new school provides a lens for rethinking Ireland's distinctive engagement with modernity. Using town planning and urban governance lenses, this article argues that existing scholarship on the postwar Irish Catholic Church overstates its hegemonic power. In analyzing the dispute, it critiques the undue focus within European town-planning studies on the state and on the supposedly “rational” agendas of mid-century planners, showing instead how religious entities forged parallel paths of urban modernity and urban governance. It thus adds an Irish and an urban-planning dimension to existing debates within religious history about urbanization and secularization, showing how adaptive the Irish Catholic Church was to high modernity. Finally, with its focus on a school building, it brings a built environment angle into studies of education policy in Ireland. In seeking to revisit major historiographical debates within town planning, religious history, and studies of urban modernity, the article makes extensive use of the recently opened papers of Bishop Michael Browne of Galway, a noted public intellectual within the Irish Catholic Church and a European expert on canon law.
The rationale for a multi-step therapeutic approach based on antivirals, drugs and nutrients with immunomodulatory activity in patients with coronavirus-SARS2-induced disease of different severities
Authors: Fiorino Sirio , Zippi Maddalena , Gallo Claudio , Sifo Debora , Sabbatani Sergio , Manfredi Roberto , Rasciti Edoardo , Rasciti Leonardo , Giampieri Enrico , Corazza Ivan , Leandri Paolo , de Biase Dario 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn December 2019, a novel human-infecting coronavirus, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was recognised to cause a pneumonia epidemic outbreak with different degrees of severity in Wuhan, Hubei Province in China. Since then, this epidemic has spread worldwide; in Europe, Italy has been involved. Effective preventive and therapeutic strategies are absolutely required to block this serious public health concern. Unfortunately, few studies about SARS-CoV-2 concerning its immunopathogenesis and treatment are available. On the basis of the assumption that the SARS-CoV-2 is genetically related to SARS-CoV (about 82 % of genome homology) and that its characteristics, like the modality of transmission or the type of the immune response it may stimulate, are still poorly known, a literature search was performed to identify the reports assessing these elements in patients with SARS-CoV-induced infection. Therefore, we have analysed: (1) the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV; (2) the clinical signs and symptoms and pathogenic mechanisms observed during the development of acute respiratory syndrome and the cytokine release syndrome; (3) the modification of the cell microRNome and of the immune response in patients with SARS infection; and (4) the possible role of some fat-soluble compounds (such as vitamins A, D and E) in modulating directly or indirectly the replication ability of SARS-CoV-2 and host immune response.
Risk-Neutral Skewness, Informed Trading, and the Cross Section of Stock Returns
Authors: Chordia Tarun , Lin Tse-Chun , Xiang Vincent 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, we use volatility surface data from options contracts to document a strong, robust, and positive cross-sectional relation between risk-neutral skewness (RNS) and subsequent stock returns. The differential return between high- and low-RNS stocks amounts to 0.17% per week. Preannouncement RNS is positively related to earnings announcement returns, and the positive RNS–return relation is more pronounced for other nonscheduled news releases. This suggests that it is informed trading that drives the positive relation between RNS and subsequent stock returns. We also find that RNS contains incremental information beyond trading signals captured by option-implied volatility and volume.
New diagnostic characters forAmphiodiaandOphiophragmus(Amphiuridae, Ophiuroidea, Echinodermata)
Authors: Chagas Gisella C.S. , Alitto Renata A.S. , Serrano Helena , Granadier Gabriela , Guilherme Pablo D.B. , Borges Michela 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe generaOphiophragmusandAmphiodiaare amphiurids that are considered taxonomically difficult due to their great resemblance, few diagnostic characters and synonymy problems. Our aim is to redescribe the species using scanning electron microscopy and morphometry of diagnostic structures, and to provide new information for the identification of these Ophiuroidea. FiveAmphiodiaspp. and sixOphiophragmusspp. recorded in Brazil were rigorously redescribed. The descriptions include new diagnostic characters derived from external morphology, arm microstructures and morphometry. We also provided comparative analyses of species with shared characters such asAmphiodia riiseiandAmphiodia trychna. The geographic and bathymetric distributions of the studied species were updated, and new records are provided. All the information presented may be used in taxonomic, ecological and phylogenetic studies, helping to fill gaps in the knowledge of the biodiversity, ecology and evolution of these Ophiuroidea. Conclusively, all the tools applied here assisted in the identification of genera and species and could be useful in other taxonomic studies of Echinodermata.
Transcendentality and Nothingness in Sartre's Atheistic Ontology
Authors: Leung King-Ho 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article offers a reading of Sartre's phenomenological ontology in light of the pre-modern understanding of ‘transcendentals’ as universal properties and predicates of all determinate beings. Drawing on Sartre's transcendental account of nothingness in his early critique of Husserl as well as his discussion of ‘determination as negation’ inBeing and Nothingness, this article argues that Sartre's universal predicate of ‘thenot’ (lenon) could be understood in a similar light to the medieval scholastic conception of transcendentals. But whereas the scholastics saw the transcendental properties of oneness, truth, and goodness as reflections of God's divine perfections, Sartre's predicate of the ‘not’ operates as an atheistic transcendental which signifies thenon-being of God – that God isnot. By comparing Sartre's phenomenological ontology to medieval theological metaphysics, this article not only highlights the atheist underpinnings of Sartre's entire ontological schema inBeing and Nothingnessbut also offers a new way of interpreting Sartre as a systematic transcendental metaphysician.
Jalapeno or jalapeño: Do diacritics in consonant letters modulate visual similarity effects during word recognition?
Authors: Marcet Ana , Ghukasyan Hnazand , Fernández-López María , Perea Manuel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrior research has shown that word identification times to DENTIST are faster when briefly preceded by a visually similar prime (dentjst; i↔j) than when preceded by a visually dissimilar prime (dentgst). However, these effects of visual similarity do not occur in the Arabic alphabet when the critical letter differs in the diacritical signs: for the target the visually similar one-letter replaced prime (compare and is no more effective than the visually dissimilar one-letter replaced prime Here we examined whether this dissociative pattern is due to the special role of diacritics during word processing. We conducted a masked priming lexical decision experiment in Spanish using target words containing one of two consonants that only differed in the presence/absence of a diacritical sign: n and ñ. The prime-target conditions were identity, visually similar, and visually dissimilar. Results showed an advantage of the visually similar over the visually dissimilar condition for muñeca-type words (muneca-MUÑECA < museca-MUÑECA), but not for moneda-type words (moñeda-MONEDA = moseda-MONEDA). Thus, diacritical signs are salient elements that play a special role during the first moments of processing, thus constraining the interplay between the “feature” and “letter” levels in models of visual word recognition.
Rapid shift in naming efficiency on a rapid automatic naming task by young Spanish-speaking English language learners
Authors: McMillen Stephanie , Jarmulowicz Linda , Mackay Michael M. , Oller D. Kimbrough 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present study analyzed lexical processing efficiency in Spanish-speaking English language learners (ELLs) and their monolingual English-speaking peers from kindergarten through second grade. Specifically, changes in the patterns of speed and accuracy on a rapid object-naming task were evaluated across languages for the ELL children and across the groups of children. Repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated that ELL children have a rapid shift in language processing efficiency from Spanish to English by the end of kindergarten. Results also showed that by the end of kindergarten ELL children were slightly faster and more accurate in English compared with their monolingual peers. This work provides perspective on how lexical processing is impacted by the development of a dual lexical system. We discuss how lexical density, strength of lexical connections, and environmental constraints may influence this rapid shift in lexical processing efficiency for young Spanish-speaking ELL children.
The role of word reading and oral language skills in reading comprehension in Syrian refugee children
Authors: Al Janaideh Redab , Gottardo Alexandra , Tibi Sana , Paradis Johanne , Chen Xi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCanada has resettled more than 57,000 Syrian refugees since 2015 (Government of Canada, 2017). However, little is known about refugee children’s language and literacy development. The present study evaluated Syrian refugee children’s performance on language and literacy measures in English and Arabic, and examined whether the simple view of reading model is applicable in both of their languages. Participants consisted of 115 Syrian refugee children 6–13 years of age. They received a battery of language and literacy measures including word reading, vocabulary, oral narratives, and reading comprehension in both English and Arabic. Compared to the normative samples, refugee children performed poorly on English standardized measures. They also demonstrated difficulties in Arabic, as more than half of the children were not able to read in the language. Despite the relatively low performance, there was evidence to support the simple view of reading model in both languages. In addition, oral language skills played a larger role in English reading comprehension in the older group than the younger group. This age-group comparison was not carried out in Arabic due to reduced sample size. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.