bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Uterine Sliding Sign in Routine United States Ultrasound Practice
Authors: Young Scott W. , Dahiya Nirvikar , Yi Johnny , Wasson Megan , Davitt John , Patel Maitray D. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesThe study aim was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the uterine sliding sign in predicting deeply infiltrating endometriosis in the setting of non‐physician sonographers performing but not interpreting the maneuver. The impact of uterine sliding sign has not been previously demonstrated in this practice setting.MethodsPhysicians' remote interpretations of transvaginal ultrasound examinations in 2016, before uterine sliding sign, were compared to examinations in 2019 after addition of uterine sliding sign to determine the diagnostic rates. Surgical and histopathological results were reviewed to determine sensitivity and specificity of the respective exam techniques.ResultsTwo hundred eighty‐five transvaginal ultrasounds were performed in 2016 and 390 sliding sign ultrasounds in 2019. The number of deeply infiltrating endometriosis cases identified increased significantly from 2% to 6% during the study period (chi‐square, Fisher's exact test p = .012). The sensitivity and specificity of routine pelvic sonography for detecting deeply infiltrating endometriosis improved from 36%/94% to 68%/98%.ConclusionsUterine sliding sign videos should be included in the standard sonographic protocol for patients presenting with chronic pelvic pain, endometriosis history, or sonographic evidence of endometriosis in the setting of physicians interpreting sonographic images obtained by non‐physicians.
Current Status and Future Trends: Pediatric Intracapsular Tonsillectomy in the United States
Authors: Huoh Kevin C. , Haidar Yarah M. , Dunn Brandyn S. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives1) To assess the current status of pediatric intracapsular tonsillectomy in the United States, and 2) To apply lessons from the scientific literature and adoption of surgical innovation to predict future trends in pediatric intracapsular tonsillectomy.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional survey study and literature review. An anonymous survey was sent to all members of the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology (ASPO) to determine current practices in pediatric tonsillectomy. Statistical analysis was performed to compare differences in individuals who perform intracapsular tonsillectomy as opposed to extracapsular tonsillectomy. A literature analysis of the adoption of new technological advancements and innovative surgical techniques was then performed.ResultsThe survey was sent to 540 pediatric otolaryngologists with a response rate of 42%. Of all respondents, 20% currently perform intracapsular tonsillectomy. The primary reason cited for not performing the procedure was concern for tonsillar regrowth. Time in practice, practice setting, and fellowship status was not associated with an increased incidence of intracapsular tonsillectomy.ConclusionsOnly 20% of pediatric otolaryngologist respondents in the United States perform intracapsular tonsillectomy. Based on the documented advantages of intracapsular tonsillectomy over extracapsular tonsillectomy and an analysis of adoption of novel surgical techniques, we predict a paradigm shift in the specialty toward intracapsular tonsillectomy.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:S1–S9, 2021
A Reactive Template Synthesis of Hierarchical Porous Carbon and Its Application to Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Yan Xiang‐Hui , Xu Hao , Fang Guoli , Xue Tong , Meng Ziwei , Lee Jong‐Min 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHierarchical porous carbons (HPCs) are highly in demand as electrode materials for efficient supercapacitors. Herein, a modified template carbonization approach in conjunction with chemical activation is described for synthesis of HPCs by direct one‐pot pyrolysis of a mixture of glucose (G), reactive template precursor (Zn2(OH)2CO3)(BZC), and K2CO3 (PC) in which in situ ZnO produced from decomposition of Zn2(OH)2CO3 acts as template and K2CO3 as activator, followed by simple acid‐leaching. The resultant undoped carbon [HPC(G‐BZC‐PC)] is endowed with coral reef‐like morphology, 3D porous networks, numerous micro/mesopores, ultrahigh surface area, and goodelectrical conductivity. The specific capacitance delivered by a two‐electrode symmetric supercapacitor with the HPC(G‐BZC‐PC) achieves 241.2 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, which is superior to that of the two control samples prepared without addition of BZC and PC, respectively. Furthermore, the rate capability reaches as high as to 90.5% and 74.6% with current density from 1 to 10 A g−1 and 50 A g−1, respectively, and an excellent cycling stability is observed with more than 98% of retention after 10 000 cycles at 5 A g−1 in 6 m KOH. It is concluded that a cooperative effect deriving from the above‐mentioned unique features contributes to the enhanced supercapacitor performance.
The impact of different computational assumptions in 131I dosimetry for hyperthyroidism therapy
Authors: Abuqbeitah Mohammad , Sağer Sait , Demir Mustafa , Yeyin Nami , Akovalı Burak , Sönmezoğlu Kerim 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe goal of the current study was to investigate the impact of different computational models on 131I dosimetry prior to hyperthyroidism therapy. It was also aimed to highlight an accurate and cost‐effective method for routine dosimetry of graves and toxic adenoma patients.MethodsA cohort of 45 patients was recruited in the current study with Graves (n = 30) and Toxic Adenoma (n = 15) diseases. The eligibility criterion was determined using the patients’ blood test, 99mTc‐ pertechnetate scintigraphy, and ultrasound scan. A properly calibrated thyroid probe equipped with sodium iodide crystal [NaI(Tl)] was used to obtain the uptake measurements at 2, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h following administration of 0.27–0.73 MBq 131I tracer. The absorbed radiation dose of the thyroid gland/nodule was calculated by three different methods. The calculation models were based on the time‐integrated activity (recommended by MIRD), effective half‐life (recommended by EANM), and ellipsoidal‐shape assumption.ResultsThe mean effective half‐life was 138 ± 41 h and 110 ± 48 h in Graves and Toxic Adenoma patients, respectively. The mean residence time was 125 ± 5 h in Graves patients, while it was 93 ± 55 h in Toxic Adenoma. The amount of 131I activity required to deliver 200 Gy to the thyroid gland in Graves patients was calculated as 436 ± 381 MBq, 426 ± 370 MBq, and 488 ± 455 MBq according to MIRD, EANM, and ellipsoidal‐shape model, respectively. However, the activity required to impart 300 Gy in the toxic nodules was computed as 622 ± 332 MBq by MIRD, 907 ± 588 MBq by EANM, and 1060 ± 639 MBq by the ellipsoidal‐shape model. Overall, no significant difference was found between the MIRD and both of the EANM and ellipsoidal‐shape models in the Graves patients (R2 = 0.99, P > 0.05). In contrast, less agreement (R2 = 0.86) was shown between EANM and MIRD in Toxic Adenoma patients with no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05), while the difference was significant (Pvalue < 0.05) between the MIRD and the ellipsoidal‐shape model with moderate association (R2 = 0.66).ConclusionIt was deduced that the effective half‐life‐based model (EANM model) is a successful and affordable method for performing dosimetry in Graves patients. While, unit density sphere model sounds the most appropriate approach to be used in Toxic Adenoma dosimetry. However, using the ellipsoidal‐shape assumption in the thyroid gland/or nodule dose calculation leads to redundantly larger activity administration.
Patients responses to diagnoses of mental disorders: Development and validation of a reliable self‐report measure
Authors: Schnell Thomas , Kehring Anja , Moritz Steffen , Morgenroth Olaf 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesPsychiatric patients are regularly informed about diagnoses. Treatment guidelines assume that informing patients fosters functional coping processes, but few research exists on how patients respond. Thus, the objective was to develop a standardized self‐report measure to assess patients reactions to diagnoses.MethodsFifty nine items were generated based on a qualitative study. The process of item selection and determination of the factor structure were performed on a sample of 252 patients: Results of an explorative factor analysis with a randomly split sub‐sample 1 were cross‐validated by confirmatory factor analysis on sub‐sample 2. The revised 26‐item instrument was revaluated using data from an independent sample of 1.271 patients with different diagnoses.ResultsThree functional and three dysfunctional processing styles emerged from the analyses and provided good model fit in the revaluation study (TLI = 0.935; CFI = 0.943; RMSEA = 0.051; SRMR = 0.048). Variance‐analytical calculations and post hoc analyses revealed significant differences among diagnoses with regard to coping styles, such as schizophrenia was associated with self‐stigmatization and anorexia nervosa showed pronounced over‐identification. Overall, various diagnosis‐dependent specifics were found.ConclusionsAs patients reactions to diagnoses vary substantially, their formation, impact on treatment and overall cause should be investigated in further studies.
Development of fast multi‐slice apparent T1 mapping for improved arterial spin labeling MRI measurement of cerebral blood flow
Authors: Ji Yang , Lu Dongshuang , Jiang Yinghua , Wang Xiaoying , Meng Yuguang , Sun Phillip Zhe 
Published: September 2020

PurposeTo develop fast multi‐slice apparent T1 (T1app) mapping for accurate cerebral blood flow (CBF) quantification with arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI.MethodsFast multi‐slice T1app was measured using a modified inversion recovery echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence with simultaneous application of ASL tagging radiofrequency (RF) and gradient pulses. The fast multi‐slice T1app measurement was compared with the single‐slice T1app imaging approach, repeated per slice. CBF was assessed in healthy adult Wistar rats (N = 5) and rats with acute stroke 24 hours after a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (N = 5).ResultsThe fast multi‐slice T1app measurement was in good agreement with that of a single‐slice T1app imaging approach (Lin's concordance correlation coefficient = 0.92). CBF calculated using T1app reasonably accounted for the finite labeling RF duration, whereas the routine T1‐normalized ASL MRI underestimated the CBF, particularly at short labeling durations. In acute stroke rats, the labeling time and the CBF difference (ΔCBF) between the contralateral normal area and the ischemic lesion were significantly correlated when using T1‐normalized perfusion calculation (R = 0.844, P = .035). In comparison, T1app‐normalized ΔCBF had little labeling time dependence based on the linear regression equation of ΔCBF = −0.0247*τ + 1.579 mL/g/min (R = −0.352, P = .494).ConclusionsOur study found fast multi‐slice T1app imaging improves the accuracy and reproducibility of CBF measurement.
Racial and ethnic disparities in survival of children with brain and central nervous tumors in the United States
Authors: Haizel‐Cobbina Joseline , Spector Logan G. , Moertel Christopher , Parsons Helen M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite improvements in overall survival for pediatric cancers, treatment disparities remain for racial/ethnic minorities compared to non‐Hispanic Whites; however, the impact of race on treatment outcomes for pediatric brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the United States is not well known.MethodsWe included 8713 children aged 0‐19 years with newly diagnosed primary brain and CNS tumors between 2000 and 2015 from the Census Tract‐level SES and Rurality Database developed by Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. We used chi‐square tests to assess differences in sociodemographic, cancer, and treatment characteristics by race/ethnicity and Kaplan‐Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models to examine differences in 10‐year survival, adjusting for these characteristics.ResultsAmong 8713 patients, 56.75% were non‐Hispanic White, 9.59% non‐Hispanic Black, 25.46% Hispanic, and 8.19% from “other” racial/ethnic groups. Median unadjusted survival for all pediatric brain tumors was 53 months, but varied significantly by race/ethnicity with a median survival of 62 months for non‐Hispanic Whites, 41 months for non‐Hispanic Blacks, and 40 months for Hispanic and other. Multivariable analyses demonstrated minority racial groups still had significantly higher hazard of death than non‐Hispanic Whites; Hispanic (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.25 [1.18‐1.31]); non‐Hispanic Black (aHR 1.12 [1.04‐1.21]); other (aHR 1.22 [1.12‐1.32]). Results were consistent when stratified by tumor histology.ConclusionWe identified disparities in survival among racial/ethnic minorities with pediatric brain and CNS tumors, with Hispanic patients having the highest risk of mortality. Eliminating these disparities requires commitment toward promoting heath equity and personalized cancer treatment.
Self‐assembling cyclic peptide‐oligonucleotide conjugates: Synthetic strategies and the effect of cyclic topology on self‐assembly and base pairing
Authors: Kye Mahnseok , Zhang Zhihao , Lim Yong‐beom 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMolecules often take advantage of cyclic topology to enable enhancement of their properties such as thermal stability, binding affinity to targets, and self‐assembly profiles. Despite the advantages of cyclization, peptide‐oligonucleotide conjugates (POCs) have not fully utilized the cyclic topology, presumably due to a dearth of generalized synthetic methods. Here, we report a feasible way to synthesize self‐assembling cyclic POCs using a thiol‐maleimide reaction and copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) in the solution phase and evaluate the properties of cyclic POCs such as molecular conformation, Watson‐Crick base pairing, and self‐assembly profile in comparison to those of linear POCs. Although there is a marginal difference between cyclic POCs and linear POCs in terms of their overall conformation, the self‐assembly profile is greatly affected. The cyclic POCs form homogeneous spherical aggregates, while the linear POCs form a heterogeneous population of fibrous and spherical aggregates. On the other hand, these cyclic POCs show less efficiency in Watson‐Crick base pairing to complementary cyclic POCs than linear POCs, which subsequently affects the self‐assembly of each duplex POC. Our study provides a synthetic method for self‐assembling cyclic POCs as well as a better understanding of the effect of cyclic topology on the overall conformation, self‐assembly, and Watson‐Crick base pairing of POCs.
Current progress towards understanding the biodegradation of synthetic condensation polymers with active hydrolases
Authors: Johnson Amber N , Barlow Daniel E , Kelly Abigail L , Varaljay Vanessa A , Crookes‐Goodson Wendy J , Biffinger Justin C 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNatural and synthetic polymers represent a challenging source of raw materials to harvest and control in our environment. All polymeric materials eventually deteriorate and degrade over time due to changes in the inter‐ or intramolecular bonding resulting from biological and/or environmental exposure. Microorganisms use a combination of cellular hydrolytic and oxidative chemical processes to release carbon sources from polymers. Specifically, polyesters and polyurethanes are susceptible to hydrolysis by catabolic enzymes released by fungi, bacteria and archaea in the environment, and these polymer classes make up 35% of global polymer production. This review focuses on the activity of lipases, cutinases, esterases and proteases with polyesters and polyurethanes reported in articles from 2018 or later as well as new advances and key trends in both fundamental and applied biodegradation research efforts. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Plasma Metabolomic and Lipidomic Profiling of a Genetically Modified Mouse Model of Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I
Authors: Liu Jia , Zhao Mingming , Zhu Yizhang , Zheng Lemin , Yin Yuxin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall and is becoming the principal cause of death globally. The reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) mediated by scavenger receptor class B type I (SR‐BI) is a major protection mechanism against atherosclerosis. To investigate the metabolome changes and to find potential biomarkers involved in RCT, nontargeted metabolomics and nontargeted lipidomics are applied to SR‐BI knockout mice that are fed a high fat and high cholesterol diet. SR‐BI knockout mice and controls are told apart using multidimensional statistical analysis, and potential biomarkers are found and identified. The pathophysiological meaning of the biomarkers and the perturbed metabolic pathways are also addressed, which could provide new evidence for atherosclerosis studies.
Phosphoproteomic Effects of Acute Depletion of PP2A Regulatory Subunit Cdc55
Authors: Plank Michael , Berti Marina , Loewith Robbie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProtein phosphatase regulatory subunits are increasingly recognized as promising drug targets. In the absence of an existing drug, inducible degradation provides a means of predicting candidate targets. Here auxin‐inducible degradation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae PP2A regulatory subunit Cdc55 in combination with quantitative phosphoproteomics is employed. A prevalence of hyperphosphorylated phosphopeptides indicates that the approach successfully identified direct PP2ACdc55 targets. PRM follow up of data‐dependent acquisition results confirmed that vacuolar amino acid transporters are among the proteins most strongly affected by Cdc55 depletion.
Bronchiectasis associated with electronic cigarette use: A case series
Authors: Mull Eric S. , Shell Richard , Adler Brent , Holtzlander Melissa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBronchiectasis (BE) is defined as a permanent, irreversible dilation of the bronchial tree. In the pediatric population, this disease process is most commonly associated with patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, BE unrelated to CF is increasingly noted as a cause of chronic respiratory related morbidity worldwide. Chronic inflammation and recurrent infection result in cellular cascades that lead to irreversible structural changes of the airways. When these architectural changes occur, they confer extensive risks to morbidity usually due to continued infections. In the adult population, BE has been associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which is mainly caused by cigarette smoking. In this report, the authors reviewed various cases of BE in the pediatric population at our institution. After a comprehensive case by case review, we compiled details of three cases of newly diagnosed BE where the most likely inciting factor was the electronic cigarette use. Common features of the three cases included at least a year of e‐cigarette use with conjunction of tetrahydrocannabinol and radiologic findings of BE, ground glass opacities, and nodule formation.
Atypical cardiopulmonary manifestations in pediatric Behçet's disease
Authors: Ben‐David Yael , Gur Michal , Ilivitzki Anat , Khoury Asaad , Bentur Lea , Butbul Aviel Yonatan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundBehçet's disease (BD) is a multisystem autoinflammatory disease of unknown etiology. Cardiopulmonary involvement is rare, especially in young patients, and carries high morbidity and mortality rates.AimOf 26 patients with pediatric BD enlisted in our center, we encountered three patients with severe atypical cardiorespiratory presentations. Our aim was to describe the manifestations and the course that led to the diagnosis of BD.ResultsThree adolescents presented with intracardiac thrombi and left anterior descending obstruction causing myocardial infarction, pulmonary artery aneurysm with pulmonary embolism in situ, and suspected epiglottitis. Two patients had a delayed diagnosis of BD, and all had a good response to anti‐inflammatory agents.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that pediatric BD is associated with atypical cardiopulmonary manifestations which maybe life threatening. Since diagnosis maybe challenging, a high index of suspicion is needed especially in young patients, to promptly diagnose and treat these complications. Cardiopulmonary signs and symptoms, though uncommon, maybe the first manifestation and a clue to the diagnosis of this rare disease.
Optimization and field demonstration of the Lygus pratensis (Hemiptera: Miridae) sex pheromone
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zhang Xiaofang , Wyckhuys Kris A G , Yao Yongsheng , Li Haiqiang , Lu Wei , Lu Yanhui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe plant bug Lygus pratensis Linnaeus is a widely distributed polyphagous herbivore that increasingly attains outbreak population levels on cotton in northwestern China. Although the sex pheromone of L. pratensis from the United Kingdom has been identified as hexyl butyrate, (E)‐2‐hexenyl butyrate and (E)‐4‐oxo‐2‐hexenal, at a ratio of 100:25:24, this volatile blend does not prove attractive to Chinese field populations.RESULTSIn this study, we identified and optimized the sex pheromone of L. pratensis strains from northwestern China. In coupled gas chromatography and electro‐antennogram detection (GC–EAD) assays, three compounds within whole‐body extracts of virgin L. pratensis females elicited antennal responses: hexyl butyrate, (E)‐2‐hexenyl butyrate and (E)‐4‐oxo‐2‐hexenal. In field trials, a 20:1:30 ratio blend was the most attractive to L. pratensis males.CONCLUSIONTraps baited with this synthetic pheromone blend present considerable advantages over traditional sweep‐net sampling for L. pratensis population monitoring. It can readily be incorporated into monitoring schemes and integrated pest management packages.
Fast finite‐time adaptive event‐triggered tracking for uncertain nonlinearsystems
Authors: Sun Zong‐Yao , Zhou Chao , Liu Zhen‐Guo , Meng Qinghua 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis article investigates the fast finite‐time adaptive tracking control via event‐triggered mechanism for a class of high‐order uncertain nonlinear systems. An adaptive tracking controller is constructed for the first time by utilizing a new fast finite‐time performance function and a serial of transformations equipped with a barrier function and event‐triggering rules, which guarantees that the tracking error is restricted in a time‐varying prescribed region and converges to an arbitrarily small constant in a faster speed compared with some traditional finite‐time control strategies. A remarkable feature of this article is to avoid Zeno phenomenon without taking a derivative with respect to the absolute value of the event‐triggered error which may not be differentiable at some discrete points. Finally, a simulation example is provided to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of theoretical results.