bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of Well-Fixed Tibial Cone in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty—A Uniquely Challenging Yet Necessary Scenario
Authors: Scully William F. , Deren Matthew E. , Sultan Assem A. , Samuel Linsen T. , Nageotte William , Molloy Robert M. , Krebs Viktor E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe number of revision total knee arthroplasties (TKA) performed in the United States continues to increase. While advancements in implant design and surgical technique have led to improved outcomes compared with historical data, these cases remain technically demanding with high rates of aseptic failure and worse patient reported outcome scores compared with primary total knee arthroplasty. One particular problem commonly encountered in revision knee arthroplasty is bone loss, particularly in the epiphyseal region, which negatively impacts the structural integrity of the implants. Various modular metaphyseal sleeves and cones in conjunction with stemmed implants have been designed to enhance metaphyseal fixation, corroborated by multiple studies demonstrating excellent midterm results involving cones, and sleeves. Commercially available revision systems that incorporate metaphyseal cones are currently widely utilized in revision TKA. For tibial defects, both symmetric and asymmetric cone options are available. Excellent midterm results have been reported with use of this device in the setting of severe proximal tibial bone loss in revision TKA surgery. With the enhanced fixation provided by various sleeve and cone augments, implant removal in the setting of recurrent infection or implant failure can be extremely challenging. Consequently, in this work, we sought to describe an algorithmic approach for removing a tibial cone in conjunction with the overlying tibial baseplate. A review of the literature has also been conducted for complex surgical techniques regarding removal of well-fixed implants in revision total knee arthroplasty.
Optimal design of a single-mode trench-assisted homogeneous multicore fibre with a minimum crosstalk level
Authors: Kumar Dablu , Ranjan Rakesh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We have proposed an optimal design of five different core structures (St1 – St5) for a seven-core trench-assisted multicore fibre, whose core radius and relative core/cladding refractive index difference Δ
1 are optimal for single-mode propagation. The crosstalk performance and its reduction (in dB) with respect to variations in fibre design parameters, such as cladding/trench (Δ
2) depth and trench width W
t are investigated. It is shown that some fibre operational parameters, like, fibre bending radius, operating wavelength and fibre length, affect the crosstalk performance. It is found that the crosstalk and its reduction amount are extremely dependent on the values of Δ
1 and Δ
2. The dispersion characteristics of the cores are investigated for all the proposed core structures and the observed dispersion is found to be about – 6 ps nm−1 km−1 at an operating wavelength of 1550 nm. An ultralow crosstalk (less than –100 dB per 100 km) can be achieved mainly with two proposed core structures (St4 and St5) having a suitably higher values of Δ
1 along with a small core radius for single-mode propagation. The multicore fibre design with many cores (up to 55) is demonstrated to ensure a high transmission capacity.
Formation of light with controlled rotation of the polarisation plane by superposing linearly polarised waves
Authors: Kotov V.M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A method is proposed for generating linearly polarised light, whose polarisation plane rotates at a given frequency. The method is based on the double passage of the light through an acousto-optic modulator made of an anisotropic crystal. An experimental prototype based on a paratellurite crystal is fabricated, with the help of which rotation of linearly polarised light of a He – Ne laser (λ = 0.63 μm) is obtained with the frequency controlled by the frequency of sound.
Coherent combining of diode laser beams in a master oscillator – zigzag slab power amplifier system
Authors: Bogatov A.P. , Drakin A.E. , Mikaelyan G.T. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
An integrated zigzag laser diode amplifier, with each segment (zigzag) consisting of three sections, is considered. The operation of this amplifier is analysed. It is shown that the presence of three sections with independent pump currents makes it possible to combine coherently all amplifier output beams. The first two sections in this configuration play the role of a phase shifter, and the third serves as a power amplifier. The influence of fluctuations of the output radiation phase in each segment on the resulting brightness of total output beam of the entire amplifier is investigated.
Mid-IR reflectance spectrum of multilayer graphene: Influence of adsorbate at the graphene – substrate interface
Authors: Frolov V.D. , Pivovarov P.A. , Plotnichenko V.G. , Konov V.I. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Water adsorbate at the interface between graphene and SiO2/Si substrate is found to affect the reflectance spectra of (3 – 6)-layer graphene in the mid-IR range (λ = 2 – 16 μm). The sample under study was previously kept in acetone vapour to remove water adsorbate from the graphene – substrate interface. The graphene reflectance in the range of 8 – 16 μm tends to decrease with recovery of water adsorbate layer at the graphene – substrate interface at room temperature and relative air humidity RH = 40 % – 60 %. The observed effect is most likely caused by the blue shift of the absorption edge at interband transitions due to the change in the Fermi level position in the graphene valence band under the influence of the charge induced in graphene by the water adsorbate film.
Normal modes of strictly resonant and quasi-resonant regimes of electromagnetically induced transparency
Authors: Parshkov O.M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We report the results of a theoretical study of the evolution of a probe pulse under electromagnetically induced transparency conditions in the lambda scheme of degenerate inhomogeneously broadened quantum transitions. It is assumed that the interacting fields are elliptically polarised, and their effect on the medium can be either strictly resonant or quasi-resonant. It is shown that probe light in a medium can be represented as the sum of two normal modes, i.e. quasi-monochromatic elliptically polarised fields propagating independently of each other. The major axis of the polarisation ellipse of the normal mode of the first type is parallel, and that of the second type is perpendicular to the major axis of the polarisation ellipse of the control light. Due to the fact that velocities of normal-mode pulses are different, a single probe pulse entering a medium splits into individual pulses inside the medium, each of which transfers the energy of one of the normal modes. In the case of quasi-resonance, the splitting occurs at a shorter distance than in the case of strict resonance. If normal modes are not phase modulated at the input surface of the medium, then in the case of quasi-resonance they become phase modulated during their propagation inside the medium, whereas this does not occur in the case of strict resonance. It is shown that in the case of quasi-resonance, the phase modulation value of the mode of the second of the above types significantly exceeds that of the first type. The medium transparency for the normal mode of the first type slightly decreases with the transition from the case of strict resonance to the case of quasi-resonance, while the medium transparency for the mode of the second type decreases significantly. The total probe field, which is the sum of the normal modes, has phase modulation before it splits into mode pulses in cases of both strict resonance and quasi-resonance, even if it does not have it on the input surface.
Double integrated laser-thyristor
Authors: Bagaev T.A. , Ladugin M.A. , Padalitsa A.A. , Marmalyuk A.A. , Kurnyavko Yu.V. , Lobintsov A.V. , Danilov A.I. , Sapozhnikov S.M. , Krichevskii V.V. , Zverkov M.V. , Konyaev V.P. , Simakov V.A. , Slipchenko S.O. , Podoskin A.A. , Pikhtin N.A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Comparative experiments are performed on a semiconductor laser with different numbers (one or two) of emitting sections monolithically integrated with an electronic switch (thyristor). It is shown that the functional integration of a laser with a thyristor in one heterostructure makes it possible to achieve efficient operation of the laser in a pulsed regime (up to 50 W), while the use of vertical integration of two laser sections in this device additionally increases the optical output power to 90 W with all other conditions being the same.
Growth of Yb : Na2SO4 crystals and study of their spectral – luminescent characteristics
Authors: Tsvetkov V.B. , Proydakova V.Yu. , Kuznetsov S.V. , Subbotin K.A. , Lis D.A. , Yapryntsev A.D. , Ivanov V.K. , Fedorov P.P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Ytterbium-doped single crystals of the high-temperature hexagonal sodium sulphate modification are grown by the Czochralski method. It is found by energy dispersive analysis that the crystallisation occurs congruently. The Yb : Na2SO4 crystals have additional (with respect to Yb3+ ions) absorption bands in the regions of 650, 850 and 1150 nm, which obviously belong to colour centres. The luminescence spectrum of the Yb : Na2SO4 single crystal noticeably differs from the luminescence spectrum of Yb : YAG crystals by the presence of a broad band without a prominent peak. The luminescence decay curve for the powder is single-exponential with a time constant of 1175 μs, which is somewhat larger than that for the Yb : YAG crystal. The lifetime of the ytterbium excited state does not change during storage of the samples in air for a week.
Magic wavelengths near 800 nm for precision spectroscopy of an inner-shell transition in thulium atoms
Authors: Tregubov D.O. , Golovizin A.A. , Fedorova E.S. , Khabarova K.Yu. , Sorokin V.N. , Kolachevsky N.N. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Differential dynamic polarisability of the inner-shell clock transition at a wavelength of 1.14 μm in the thulium atom is measured by the method of precision laser spectroscopy in the spectral range of 800 – 860 nm. Experimental data approximated by a theoretical model yield the probability of the transition at λ = 809.5 nm: A809.5 = 460(70) s−1. The values of two magic wavelengths are obtained experimentally, namely, λ
m1 = 807.727(18) nm and λ
m2 = 813.3(2) nm, the wavelength of λ
m1 being determined for the first time. Main parameters of an optical lattice at these wavelengths are compared and a conclusion is made that trapping thulium atoms in an optical lattice at λ
m2 is preferable for optical clock operation.
Mercury source changes and food web shifts alter contamination signatures of predatory fish from Lake Michigan
Authors: Lepak Ryan F. , Hoffman Joel C. , Janssen Sarah E. , Krabbenhoft David P. , Ogorek Jacob M. , DeWild John F. , Tate Michael T. , Babiarz Christopher L. , Yin Runsheng , Murphy Elizabeth W. , Engstrom Daniel R. , Hurley James P. 
Published: November 2019

Significance
Elevated mercury in fish poses risks to fish-consuming wildlife and humans. Tracing sources of mercury by analyzing stable isotope ratios leads to improved source-receptor understanding and natural resource management. This work utilizes fish and sediment archives to trace the response to recent domestic mercury mitigation actions. Fish and sediments rapidly responded to a source perturbation contemporaneous with the reduction of mercury in the late 1980s. Subsequently, energetic pathways were altered due to dreissenid invasions, which dampened the expected decrease in fish mercury concentration. These findings reveal the importance of domestic mercury sources relative to global mercury to the Great Lakes. Results also show methylmercury concentrations in fish are sensitive to changes in trophic structure and diet driven by invasive species.
A single combination gene therapy treats multiple age-related diseases
Authors: Davidsohn Noah , Pezone Matthew , Vernet Andyna , Graveline Amanda , Oliver Daniel , Slomovic Shimyn , Punthambaker Sukanya , Sun Xiaoming , Liao Ronglih , Bonventre Joseph V. , Church George M. 
Published: November 2019

Significance
Human and animal longevity is directly bound to their health span. While previous studies have provided evidence supporting this connection, therapeutic implementation of this knowledge has been limited. Traditionally, diseases are researched and treated individually, which ignores the interconnectedness of age-related conditions, necessitates multiple treatments with unrelated substances, and increases the accumulative risk of side effects. In this study, we address and overcome this deadlock by creating adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based antiaging gene therapies for simultaneous treatment of several age-related diseases. We demonstrate the modular and extensible nature of combination gene therapy by testing therapeutic AAV cocktails that confront multiple diseases in a single treatment. We observed that 1 treatment comprising 2 AAV gene therapies was efficacious against all 4 diseases.
Improving breast cancer sensitivity to paclitaxel by increasing aneuploidy
Authors: Rodrigues-Ferreira Sylvie , Nehlig Anne , Moindjie Hadia , Monchecourt Clarisse , Seiler Cynthia , Marangoni Elisabetta , Chateau-Joubert Sophie , Dujaric Marie-Eglantine , Servant Nicolas , Asselain Bernard , de Cremoux Patricia , Lacroix-Triki Magali , Arnedos Monica , Pierga Jean-Yves , André Fabrice , Nahmias Clara 
Published: November 2019

Significance
Low levels of ATIP3 in breast tumors are associated with increased response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and ATIP3 silencing in breast cancer cells potentiates the effects of paclitaxel, highlighting the importance of this predictive biomarker to select breast cancer patients who are sensitive to taxane-based chemotherapy. ATIP3 depletion promotes mitotic abnormalities, including centrosome amplification and multipolar spindle formation, which is a source of chromosome segregation errors and aneuploidy. Excessive aneuploidy in ATIP3-deficient cells treated with low doses of paclitaxel results in massive cell death.
Flow directionality of pristine meandering rivers is embedded in the skewing of high-amplitude bends and neck cutoffs
Authors: Guo Xingyan , Chen Dong , Parker Gary 
Published: November 2019

SignificanceThe bends of alluvial meandering rivers often double back on themselves, showing skewing. This skewing may be directed upstream or downstream. How skewing evolves as bends develop remains incompletely understood. Our analysis shows that, on 20 reaches of nearly pristine alluvial meandering rivers, downstream skewing dominates when the bends are relatively straight, but upstream skewing increasingly dominates as bend sinuosity increases. This provides a guide for interpreting bend evolution and offers a useful comparison with numerical models. The results suggest that rivers often carry an imprint of the direction of the flow that created them, through the shape of their high-amplitude bends and neck cutoffs. This provides a reference tool for estimating paleoflow direction on Earth and other planets.
Maternal diabetes induces autism-like behavior by hyperglycemia-mediated persistent oxidative stress and suppression of superoxide dismutase 2
Authors: Wang Xiumin , Lu Jianping , Xie Weiguo , Lu Xiaoyun , Liang Yujie , Li Min , Wang Zichen , Huang Xiaodong , Tang Mingxi , Pfaff Donald W. , Tang Ya-Ping , Yao Paul 
Published: November 2019

Significance
Hyperglycemia induces persistent oxidative stress and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) suppression in neurons. SOD2 suppression is caused by oxidative stress-mediated histone methylation and subsequent dissociation of Egr1 on the SOD2 promoter. Maternal diabetes induces autism-like behavior in offspring with SOD2 suppression in the amygdala in rats, while SOD2 overexpression in the amygdala ameliorates autism-like behavior. Postnatal treatment of the blood–brain barrier-permeable antioxidant resveratrol partly restores this effect. This study describes a potential mechanism for maternal diabetes-induced autism-like behavior in offspring.
Unintegrated HIV-1 DNAs are loaded with core and linker histones and transcriptionally silenced
Authors: Geis Franziska K. , Goff Stephen P. 
Published: November 2019

Significance
Retroviruses are characterized by the reverse transcription of the viral RNA genome into DNA and the integration of that DNA to form the provirus. However, little is known about the nature of unintegrated HIV-1 DNAs early upon delivery into the nucleus. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we found that both core and H1 linker histones are deposited onto unintegrated HIV-1 DNAs. We also confirmed transcriptional silencing of unintegrated HIV-1 DNAs and determined the presence of posttranslational histone modifications characteristic of inactive chromatin. Our results will help to increase the efficiency of expression from nonintegrating HIV-1–based vectors and after transient transfections with DNA.
Deubiquitination of phosphoribosyl-ubiquitin conjugates by phosphodiesterase-domain–containingLegionellaeffectors
Authors: Wan Min , Sulpizio Alan G. , Akturk Anil , Beck Wendy H. J. , Lanz Michael , Faça Vitor M. , Smolka Marcus B. , Vogel Joseph P. , Mao Yuxin 
Published: November 2019

SignificanceUbiquitination is a vital posttranslational modification in eukaryotes. A variety of microbial pathogens exploit this pathway during their infection.Legionella pneumophila, the causative bacterial pathogen of Legionnaires’ disease, has been shown to hijack host ubiquitination pathway via a large number of effectors. Recent studies revealed a family of effectors catalyzing a type of ubiquitin (Ub)-dependent posttranslational modification, namely PR-ubiquitination. Here we report 2 players, DupA and DupB, involved in this unconventional pathway. We found that DupA and DupB function as PR-Ub–specific deubiquitinases and play a role in regulating the PR-ubiquitination levels of host targets. Our results not only provide an expanding view of the PR-ubiquitination pathway, but also may facilitate the future identification of PR-ubiquitination pathways in eukaryotes.
Metaphors in German newspaper articles on multidrug-resistant bacteria in clinical contexts, 1995–2015
Authors: Peters Joachim , Dykes Natalie , Habermann Mechthild , Ostgathe Christoph , Heckel Maria 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe study investigates the usage of metaphorical structures in the German press discourse on multi-resistant pathogens in the clinical context by applying methods of qualitative discourse analysis to a corpus of 900 newspaper and magazine articles published between 1995–2015. The study shows that metaphors are of key importance for the processes of knowledge transfer, emotion production and persuasion. Metaphors are assigned to one of three general principles (mechanising explanation patterns, gain and loss of control, agentivity and personification) and to seven dominant source domains which structure the discourse through frequent argumentation structures: war, economy, space, machines, water, police and crime, sports and games. The occurrence of metaphor is – as previous research in other areas has shown – universal to all examined press texts; variation is limited to the thematic focus of individual argumentation structures between the different texts.
Las creencias de los profesores de español como lengua extranjera sobre los estilos de aprendizaje
Authors: Domínguez Pelegrín Javier , López Quero Salvador , Andión Herrero María Antonieta 
Published: November 2019

Resumen
Este estudio se adscribe al ámbito de la cognición del profesor de idiomas. En él analizamos las creencias sobre
los estilos de aprendizaje de una muestra de 301 profesores de español como lengua extranjera. Centramos el análisis en dos
cuestiones: la delimitación conceptual sobre los estilos de aprendizaje y sus implicaciones en la enseñanza de la lengua. En ambos
casos, el análisis parte de una revisión bibliográfica que permitirá contrastar las creencias de los profesores con las
aportaciones de los expertos en la materia. De este modo, podemos determinar las relaciones existentes entre sus creencias, sus
conocimientos y su práctica docente. De la interpretación de los datos se desprenden tanto coincidencias como incongruencias entre
las creencias de los profesores y las propuestas de los investigadores. Asimismo, se constata una relación discordante entre lo
que los profesores creen y lo que hacen en el aula.
Valoración de profesores y alumnos coreanos sobre el componente cultural en aulas de ELE
Authors: Song Yerim 
Published: November 2019

Resumen
En este estudio se analiza la valoración de profesores y alumnos acerca del tratamiento del componente cultural en
cursos universitarios de español como lengua extranjera en la República de Corea. Una vez analizados los cuestionarios
administrados a la planta de profesores y a 312 alumnos de una universidad coreana, se examinan los resultados resaltando las
similitudes y diferencias entre docentes y educandos. Las respuestas se agrupan en tres temas: tratamiento del componente
cultural, actividades culturales en clase y contenidos culturales. Finalmente, se considera tanto la reflexión sobre la práctica
docente en los cuestionarios del profesorado como la experiencia de aprendizaje en los del alumnado. El objetivo de este artículo
es mostrar la importancia de la selección del componente cultural y su incorporación a la clase de lengua, así como una mayor
integración de la lengua española y la cultura hispánica dentro del plan de estudios universitarios en Corea del Sur.
In silico evaluation of the thermal stress induced by MRI switched gradient fields in patients with metallic hip implant
Authors: Arduino Alessandro , Bottauscio Oriano , Brühl Rüdiger , Chiampi Mario , Zilberti Luca 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This work focuses on the in silico evaluation of the energy deposed by MRI switched gradient fields in bulk metallic implants and the consequent temperature increase in the surrounding tissues. An original computational strategy, based on the subdivision of the gradient coil switching sequences into sub-signals and on the time-harmonic electromagnetic field solution, allows to realistically simulate the evolution of the phenomena produced by the gradient coils fed according to any MRI sequence. Then, Pennes’ bioheat equation is solved through a Douglas–Gunn time split scheme to compute the time-dependent temperature increase. The procedure is validated by comparison with laboratory results, using a component of a realistic hip implant embedded within a phantom, obtaining an agreement on the temperature increase better than 5%, lower than the overall measurement uncertainty. The heating generated inside the body of a patient with a unilateral hip implant when undergoing an Echo-Planar Imaging (EPI) MRI sequence is evaluated and the role of the parameters affecting the thermal results (body position, coil performing the frequency encoding, effects of thermoregulation) is discussed. The results show that the gradient coils can generate local increases of temperature up to some kelvin when acting without radiofrequency excitation. Hence, their contribution in general should not be disregarded when evaluating patients’ safety.