bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the kinematic and kinetic contributions of the human upper body’s joints for ergonomics assessment
Authors: Menychtas Dimitrios , Glushkova Alina , Manitsaris Sotiris 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDuring an eight-hour shift, an industrial worker will inevitably cycle through specific postures. Those postures can cause microtrauma on the musculoskeletal system that accumulates, which in turn can lead to chronic injury. To assess how problematic a posture is, the rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) scoring system is widely employed by the industry. Even though it is a very quick and efficient method of assessment, RULA is not a biomechanics-based measurement that is anchored in a physical parameter of the human body. As such RULA does not give a detailed description of the impact each posture has on the human joints but rather, an overarching, simplified assessment of a posture. To address this issue, this paper proposes the use of joint angles and torques as an alternative way of ergonomics evaluation. The cumulative motion and torque throughout a trial is compared with the average motions and torques for the same task. This allows the evaluation of each joint’s kinematic and kinetic performance while still be able to assess a task“at-a-glance”. To do this, an upper human body model was created and the mass of each segment were assigned. The joint torques and the RULA scores were calculated for simple range of motion (ROM) tasks, as well as actual tasks from a TV assembly line. The joint angles and torques series were integrated and then normalized to give the kinematic and kinetic contribution of each joint during a task as a percentage. This made possible to examine each joint’s strain during each task as well as highlight joints that need to be more closely examined. Results show how the joint angles and torques can identify which joint is moving more and which one is under the most strain during a task. It was also possible to compare the performance of a task with the average performance and identify deviations that may imply improper execution. Even though the RULA is a very fast and concise assessment tool, it leaves little room for further analyses. However, the proposed work suggests a richer alternative without sacrificing the benefit of a quick evaluation. The biggest limitation of this work is that a pool of proper executions needs to be recorded for each task before individual comparisons can be done.
The impact of different levels of oat β-glucan and water on gluten-free cake rheology and physicochemical characterisation
Authors: Karp Sabina , Wyrwisz Jarosław , Kurek Marcin Andrzej 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe demand for new gluten-free (GF) products is still very crucial issue in food industry. There is also a need for bioactive compounds and natural alternatives for food additives. For now, not only providing structure without gluten is major challenge, but also high sensory acceptance and nutritional value are on the top. This study is focused on the effect of high-purity oat β-glucan as a structure-making agent on physicochemical and sensory properties of gluten-free yeast leavened cake. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to set the design of the experiment. Water and oat β-glucan were chosen as independent variables. Enzymatic extraction was conducted in order to obtain pure oat β-glucan (approx. 85%). Physicochemical and microstructure analyses, and a consumer hedonic test were carried out to check the quality of the final product. As a last step, verification was undertaken to compare the predicted and experimental values of the results. The results showed that the optimisation process was crucial in obtaining high-quality, gluten-free yeast leavened cake. The optimised amounts of water and oat β-glucan were 66.12% and 2.63% respectively. This proves that the application of oat β-glucan to gluten-free products is possible and gives positive results in terms of texture, volume and sensory acceptance. Due to oat β-glucan’s pro-health benefits, the final product can be seen as a functional alternative for common gluten-free products in the market.
Study of the structural, ferroelectric, dielectric, and pyroelectric properties of the K0.5Na0.5NbO3 system doped with Li+, La3+, and Ti4+
Authors: Montero-Tavera C. , Durruthy-Rodríguez M. D. , Cortés-Vega F. D. , Yañez-Limón J. M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPure K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) and KNN doped with Li+ (6% mole), La3+(1.66%, 5%, 6% mole), and Ti4+ (10% mole) were prepared by mixture of oxides using high-energy milling and conventional solid-state reaction. The effects of the dopant on the physical properties of pure KNN have been evaluated based on the structural, ferroelectric, pyroelectric, and dielectric measurements. The XRD measurements show that KNN pure sample contains a mixture of monoclinic and orthorhombic crystalline phases, with a slightly higher concentration of monoclinic phase. In contrast, all doped samples show a higher concentration of the orthorhombic phase, as well as the presence of a secondary phase (K6Nb10.8O30), also detected by Raman measurements. The samples with a higher concentration of this secondary phase, also present greater dielectric losses and lower values of remnant polarization. The dielectric measurements allowed us to detect temperatures of structural transitions (orthorhombic-tetragonal, O-T) previous to the ferroelectric-paraelectric transition (tetragonal-cubic, T-C), and also in this set of samples, a direct correlation was found between the values of remnant polarization and the corresponding pyroelectric signal response.
Green nephrology and eco-dialysis: a position statement by the Italian Society of Nephrology
Authors:   On the Behalf of Conservative treatment, Physical activity and Peritoneal dialysis project groups of the Italian Society of Nephrology, Piccoli Giorgina Barbara , Cupisti Adamasco , Aucella Filippo , Regolisti Giuseppe , Lomonte Carlo , Ferraresi Martina , Claudia D’Alessandro , Ferraresi Carlo , Russo Roberto , La Milia Vincenzo , Covella Bianca , Rossi Luigi , Chatrenet Antoine , Cabiddu Gianfranca , Brunori Giuliano 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHigh-technology medicine saves lives and produces waste; this is the case of dialysis. The increasing amounts of waste products can be biologically dangerous in different ways: some represent a direct infectious or toxic danger for other living creatures (potentially contaminated or hazardous waste), while others are harmful for the planet (plastic and non-recycled waste). With the aim of increasing awareness, proposing joint actions and coordinating industrial and social interactions, the Italian Society of Nephrology is presenting this position statement on ways in which the environmental impact of caring for patients with kidney diseases can be reduced. Due to the particular relevance in waste management of dialysis, which produces up to 2 kg of potentially contaminated waste per session and about the same weight of potentially recyclable materials, together with technological waste (dialysis machines), and involves high water and electricity consumption, the position statement mainly focuses on dialysis management, identifying ten first affordable actions: (1) reducing the burden of dialysis (whenever possible adopting an intent to delay strategy, with wide use of incremental schedules); (2) limiting drugs and favouring “natural” medicine focussing on lifestyle and diet; (3) encouraging the reuse of “household” hospital material; (4) recycling paper and glass; (5) recycling non-contaminated plastic; (6) reducing water consumption; (7) reducing energy consumption; (8) introducing environmental-impact criteria in checklists for evaluating dialysis machines and supplies; (9) encouraging well-planned triage of contaminated and non-contaminated materials; (10) demanding planet-friendly approaches in the building of new facilities.
Lidocaine as an element of multimodal analgesic therapy in major spine surgical procedures in children: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study
Authors: Batko Ilona , Kościelniak-Merak Barbara , Tomasik Przemysław J. , Kobylarz Krzysztof , Wordliczek Jerzy 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Introducing the principles of multimodal analgesic therapy is necessary to provide appropriate comfort for the patient after surgery. The main objective of the study was evaluating the influence of perioperative intravenous (i.v.) lidocaine infusion on postoperative morphine requirements during the first 48 h postoperatively in children undergoing major spine surgery.

Materials and methods
Prospective, randomized, double-blind study: 41 children, qualified to multilevel spine surgery, were randomly divided into two treatment groups: lidocaine and placebo (control). The lidocaine group received lidocaine as a bolus of 1.5 mg/kg over 30 minutes, followed by a continuous infusion at 1 mg/kg/h to 6 hours after surgery. The protocol of perioperative management was identical for all patients. Measurements: morphine demand, intensity of postoperative pain (the Numerical Rating Scale), oral feeding initiation time, first attempts at assuming erect position, postoperative quality of life (the Acute Short-form /SF-12/ health survey).

Results
Patient data did not differ demographically. Compared to the control group, lidocaine treatment reduced the demand for morphine during the first 24h [95% CI 0.13 (0.11-0.28) mg/kg, p = 0.0122], 48h [95% CI 0.46 (0.22-0.52) mg/kg, p = 0.0299] after surgery and entire hospitalization [95% CI 0.58 (0.19-0.78) mg/kg, p = 0.04]; postoperative pain intensity; nutritional withdrawal period [introduction of liquid diet (p = 0.024) and solid diet (p = 0.012)], and accelerated the adoption of an upright position [sitting (p = 0.048); walking (p = 0.049)]. The SF-12 generic health survey did not differ between groups before operation, 2 months and 4 years after surgery.

Conclusions
Perioperative lidocaine administration, as a part of the applied analgesic therapy regimen, may decrease postoperative opioid demand and accelerates convalescence of children undergoing major surgery.
OPTIMAL ASSET ALLOCATION FOR DC PENSION DECUMULATION WITH A VARIABLE SPENDING RULE
Authors: Forsyth Peter A. , Vetzal Kenneth R. , Westmacott Graham 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe determine the optimal asset allocation to bonds and stocks using an annually recalculated virtual annuity (ARVA) spending rule for DC pension plan decumulation. Our objective function minimizes downside withdrawal variability for a given fixed value of total expected withdrawals. The optimal asset allocation is found using optimal stochastic control methods. We formulate the strategy as a solution to a Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) Partial Integro Differential Equation (PIDE). We impose realistic constraints on the controls (no-shorting, no-leverage, discrete rebalancing) and solve the HJB PIDEs numerically. Compared to a fixed-weight strategy which has the same expected total withdrawals, the optimal strategy has a much smaller average allocation to stocks and tends to de-risk rapidly over time. This conclusion holds in the case of a parametric model based on historical data and also in a bootstrapped market based on the historical data.
“Africa for the Africans?” – Mapmaking, Lagos, and the Colonial Archive
Authors: Adelusi-Adeluyi Ademide 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn early colonial Lagos, struggles over race, place and identity were played out over ownership of land, and ended with the displacement of sections of the indigenous population. “Africa for the Africans” combines texts and maps to narrate the history of 1860s Lagos. This article demonstrates how, with Geographic Information Systems (GIS), European colonial maps can be used to analyze the significance of changing urban spatial relationships in 1860s Lagos. Though much of this analysis employs GIS, it also leans heavily on other tools for making timelines, story maps and vector diagrams. This process of creating digital representations of the past also has pedagogical applications, as these methods can be extended to the classroom for undergraduates learning about African history.
DENIAL OF HISTORY? YASUKUNI VISITS AS SIGNALING
Authors: Fujita Taisuke , Kusano Hiroki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUnder what conditions would Japanese leaders visit the controversial Yasukuni Shrine and why? Previous studies have focused primarily on the domestic benefits and effects of such visits, claiming that leaders employ visits to follow their own conservative ideology and gain domestic political support. Given the harsh international criticism that tends to ensue, however, political leaders should also consider the cost and international effects of such visits. This study proposes three necessary conditions for such visits: a conservative ruling party, a government enjoying high popularity, and Japan's perception of a Chinese threat. With regard to the latter, a security threat from China has allowed Japan to use these visits as a credible signal of its resolve against China. Comparative analyses of Japanese cabinets after the mid-1980s support this argument.
PARTY COMPETITION AND IDEOLOGY IN HONG KONG: A NEW MANIFESTO CODING DATASET
Authors: Wong Mathew Y. H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study provides a new dataset on the ideological positions of political parties in Hong Kong, which is a hybrid regime with electoral elements. Using this dataset, the study challenges the non-ideological view of party competition in Hong Kong by identifying an ideological dimension to the elections held between 1998 and 2016. It is shown that parties do position themselves along an identifiable left–right spectrum, with shifts that can be meaningfully interpreted, and that the aggregate ideology of the electorate appears to be linked to the level of economic growth. The ideological dimension provides a novel perspective on local politics that looks beyond the dominant pro-democracy versus pro-Beijing divide while also shedding light on the recent changes underlying the latter. This study provides valuable objective data for analyzing political competition dynamics and contributes to the comparative literature by incorporating Hong Kong into the framework of the manifesto coding project.
National parks influence habitat use of lowland tapirs in adjacent private lands in the Southern Yungas of Argentina
Authors: Rivera Luis Osvaldo , Martinuzzi Sebastian , Politi Natalia , Bardavid Sofia , de Bustos Soledad , Chalukian Silvia , Lizárraga Leonidas , Radeloff Volker , Pidgeon Anna 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Protected areas are cornerstones of conservation efforts worldwide. However, protected areas do not act in isolation because they are connected with surrounding, unprotected lands. Few studies have evaluated the effects of protected areas on wildlife populations inhabiting private lands in the surrounding landscapes. The lowland tapir Tapirus terrestris is the largest terrestrial mammal of the Neotropics and is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. It is necessary to understand the influence of landscape characteristics on the tapir's habitat use to enable effective conservation management for this species. Our objectives were to (1) determine the potential distribution of the lowland tapir's habitat in the Southern Yungas of Argentina, and (2) evaluate the role of protected areas and other covariates on tapir habitat use in adjacent private lands. We used records of lowland tapirs to model the species' potential distribution and determined habitat use with occupancy modelling. Based on the covariates found to be significant in our models, we constructed predictive maps of probability of habitat use and assessed the area of potential habitat remaining for the species. Probability of habitat use was higher in the vicinity of two national parks and small households than further away from them. We found that in 85% of the lowland tapir's potential distribution the probability of habitat use is high (> 0.5). These areas are near the three national parks in the study area. The probability of detecting lowland tapirs increased with distance to roads. We conclude that national parks play a key role in the persistence of lowland tapir populations on adjacent private lands.
A Magnetometry Survey of the Second Augustan Legionary Fortress at Lake Farm, Dorset
Authors: Stewart Dave , Cheetham Paul , Russell Miles 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTA magnetometry survey of the Roman fort at Lake Farm, near Wimborne Minster in Dorset, first discovered in 1959, has upgraded the status of this site to a full legionary fortress: a major base of thelegioII Augusta during the subjugation of the Durotriges and other tribes of south-west Britain. The interior layout of the fortress was identified for the first time, together with the original road and river connections, extensive areas of extramural activity and evidence for an earlier phase of the site as a marching camp.
Rationalization is a suboptimal defense mechanism associated with clinical and forensic problems
Authors: Brody Stuart , Costa Rui Miguel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCushman argues that “rationalization is rational.” We show that there is reasonable empirical clinical and forensic psychological evidence to support viewing rationalization as a quite suboptimal defense mechanism. Rationalization has been found to be associated not only with poorer emotional development, but also with a broad range of antisocial behavior, including not only shoplifting, but also pedophilia and murder.
Evidence for the rationalisation phenomenon is exaggerated
Authors: Stafford Tom 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The evidence for rationalisation, which motivates the target article, is exaggerated. Experimental evidence shows that rationalisation effects are small rather than gross and, I argue, largely silent on the pervasiveness and persistence of the phenomenon. At least some examples taken to show rationalisation also have an interpretation compatible with deliberate, knowing reason-responsiveness on the part of participants.
Age-friendly cities and communities: a review and future directions
Authors: Torku Alex , Chan Albert Ping Chuen , Yung Esther Hiu Kwan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe unprecedented increase in the ageing population, coupled with urbanisation, has led to a vast number of research publications on age-friendly cities and communities (AFCC). However, the existing reviews on AFCC studies are not sufficiently up-to-date for AFCC researchers. This paper presents a thorough analysis of the annual publication trend, the contributions of authors and institutions from different countries, and the trending research themes in the AFCC research corpus through a systematic review of 98 publications. A contribution assessment formula and thematic analysis were used for the review. The results indicated a growing AFCC research interest in recent times. Researchers and institutions from the United States of America, Canada, United Kingdom and Hong Kong made the highest contribution to the AFCC research corpus. The thematic analysis classified the AFCC research corpus into four main themes: conceptualisation; implementation and development; assessment; and challenges and opportunities. The themes indicate the current and future research patterns and issues to be considered in the development of AFCC and for interested researchers to make proposals for future research. Future directions are proposed, including suggestions on adopting new assessment methods and instruments, collaboration and cross-nation comparative research, considering older adults as place-makers and conducting a prior participatory analysis to maximise the participation of older adults.
Health and socio-economic inequalities by sexual orientation among older women in the United Kingdom: findings from the UK Household Longitudinal Study
Authors: Bécares Laia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLesbian, gay, bisexual and queer (LGBQ) women living in the United Kingdom (UK) experience worse health than their heterosexual peers throughout their lives, but less is known about health inequalities in older age. This study uses population-level data to examine inequalities among LGBQ older women and women who prefer not to disclose their sexuality, compared to heterosexual women. Analyses use data from women aged 50 and older who were active in Waves 3 and 7 of the UK Household Longitudinal Study (also known as Understanding Society) (N = 8,209) to examine inequalities in socio-economic conditions, health and alcohol consumption across sexual orientation groups. LGBQ older women are on average younger and have higher socio-economic resources than their heterosexual peers. In contrast, women who prefer not to disclose their sexual orientation are older and have the lowest income and educational qualifications. Results of the health inequalities analyses show that LGBQ older women are almost twice as likely as heterosexual older women to engage in harmful alcohol consumption. Older women who prefer not to disclose their sexuality have worse physical and mental health than heterosexual older women. The health of LGBQ older women and women who prefer not to disclose their sexual orientation is one of the most neglected research areas in UK gerontology. Findings of this study contribute to our understanding of their social and health circumstances, and illuminate methodological limitations in existing data.
Clinical efficacy and safety of switch from bosentan to macitentan in children and young adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension: extended study results
Authors: Aypar Ebru , Alehan Dursun , Karagöz Tevfik , Aykan Hakan , Ertugrul İlker 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground:Macitentan is an orally active, potent, dual endothelin receptor antagonist and is the only registered treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension that significantly reduced morbidity and mortality in a long-term study.Aim:We have recently reported that switch from bosentan to macitentan significantly improved exercise capacity in children and young adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension in a 24-week prospective study and well tolerated without adverse events. We now aimed to evaluate clinical efficacy, safety of switch in a larger patient population, in a 24-month prospective study.Methods:This is a single-institution, 24-month prospective study. Patients ≥12 years with idiopathic/heritable, pulmonary arterial hypertension, or related to CHD or residual pulmonary arterial hypertension due to repaired congenital systemic-to-pulmonary shunts and on bosentan treatment were included. Concomitant treatment with oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors/inhaled prostanoids was allowed. Outcome measures included change from baseline to 24 months, in the 6-minute walk distance, functional class, oxygen saturation at rest/after walk distance test, and natriuretic peptide levels. Safety end points included adverse events, laboratory abnormalities.Results:Twenty-seven patients (19 adults/8 children, mean age: 21.1 ± 6.3 years (12–36), weight: 53.1 ± 15.7 kgs (26–87)) were included. Mean duration of macitentan treatment: 22.3 ± 3.9 months (9–24). Six-minute walk distance significantly improved from baseline (mean: 458 ± 79 m (300–620)) at 6 months (mean: 501 ± 73 m (325–616) + 43 m) (p < 0.05), at 12 months (mean: 514 ± 82 m (330–626) + 56 m) (p < 0.05), and at 24 months (mean: 532 ± 85 m (330–682) + 74 m) (p < 0.05). We observed a significant improvement during the first 6 months but no incremental improvement after 6 months (p > 0.05). Macitentan did not significantly change functional class, oxygen saturation, and natriuretic levels (p > 0.05). None of the patients had anaemia, hepatotoxicity, and peripheral edema.Conclusions:Our study is the first study which showed that switch from bosentan to macitentan improved exercise capacity in children and young adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension significantly in the first 6 months and compared to baseline in 24 months and well tolerated without adverse events.