bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The recent advances in self‐powered medical information sensors
Authors: Zhao Luming , Li Hu , Meng Jianping , Li Zhou 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMonitoring various medical information distributed throughout the body is of great importance in early clinic diagnosis and treatment of disease. To discover abnormal medical signals and find their causes in good time, the human body should be monitored continuously and accurately. To meet the requirements, various battery‐less and self‐powered information acquisition techniques are invented. In this review, the recent advances in self‐powered medical information sensors (SMIS) with different functions, structure design, and electric performance are summarized and discussed. The SMIS mainly involves triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG), pyroelectric nanogenerator (PyNG)/ thermoelectric generator (TEG) and solar cell. Additionally, this review also analyzed the remaining challenges and prospected the development direction of SMIS in future.image
Approach to Designing Systems for Delivering Value
Authors: Kumar Anand , Goruganthula Edwin Anand , Lokku Doji Samson , Natarajan Swaminathan , Nori Kesav V 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHow value emerges from the interactions between different classes of stakeholders (like customers, service providers, suppliers, acquirers and so on) and the ways and means to enhance the interactions is a phenomenon that is increasingly becoming a significant game changer in any human endeavor. Increasingly, stakeholders expect something of interest to emanate for them whenever they participate in an endeavor. This thing that the stakeholders wish to create or experience is subjective and every stakeholder has their own perception of what this thing is. It is often the case that the thing that enthuses a stakeholder is the perceived value that they feel they can obtain; and the thing that they experience or create when participating in the endeavor is the actual value. In this situation, stakeholders often try to minimize the gap between their perceptions and actuals. This is often difficult to achieve as the notion of what is of value is time and stakeholder dependent. In order to address these issues, in this paper, a systematic approach to facilitate stakeholder value creation is presented and the underlying rationale for the approach discussed. This approach is based on the premise that in all human endeavors, goal or purpose of the endeavor, human centric processes, quality of these human‐centric processes, outcomes and the quality of the outcomes determine the value that different stakeholders create or experience. It is essential to understand, establish and articulate the right value influencing factors and criteria so that value is created for all stakeholders. This is further substantiated by the system value cycle wherein value created by the stakeholder by utilizing one or more systems. A set of eight different processes to institutionalize the stakeholder value creation dynamics is also presented to aid in the value co‐creation, sustenance and transformation.
Systems Complexity In Conceiving An Optical Payload For Remote Sensing Spacecraft – A Case Study
Authors: Avinash M , Ravi Chandra Babu G , Nagesh S. K 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRemote sensing satellites have become indispensable tool, offering various applications for the economic development of the country. There is an increasing demand for new generation of remote sensing satellites, which can offer better resolution with wider swath. Optical payloads for such an advanced satellite require bigger optics, tighter fabrication tolerances and better thermal management to give their best performance. It is advantageous to configure these payloads on a standard spacecraft bus. At the same time the standard bus imposes some limitations on the mechanical and electrical parameters of the payload like mass, volume, power, data rate etc., besides the harsh launch environment.Optical payload realization involves multi‐disciplinary teams working in geographically distributed places. Any variation in one parameter/process during the realization phase impacts the system performance and hence may lead to degradation of mission. In addition to this increase in demand for multiple satellites in short period of time, mandates sharing of manpower and facilities among multiple projects at each work centre. Therefore, systems engineering approach and project management tools have become crucial for realization of such a complex system.In this paper, authors have explained the process involved in evolving the Opto‐mechanical design of such a complex optical payload for a remote sensing satellite. It is intended to bring out system complexity involved and the system engineering concepts adapted in the process.
Multi‐objective modeling and analysis of an electric pickup vehicle for range, performance, drivability, handling and ride comfort attributes
Authors: Dharumaseelan Elavarasan , Pitchaikani Anand , Tamilselvam Elanchezhian , Sundstrom Peter , Malik Sidharth 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn today's electric vehicle arena, range, performance, drivability, handling safety and ride comfort are few important attributes an OEM would like to improve on a vehicle. However, they are almost mutually exclusive like greater range & extreme handling safety would need to compromise on drivability & ride comfort and vice versa respectively. Automotive engineers constantly focus on to find the right balance among these attributes by optimum design of the vehicle components. Often these components are multi‐disciplinary involving different engineering domains like mechanical, thermal, electrical, hydraulic & electronics, etc. These complexities demand for model based and systems engineering approach from the start of the development. This emphasizes the need for high fidelity, dynamic vehicle system models suitable for co‐development of different components and controls. In this study, detailed vehicle model representing an electric pickup truck including battery, traction motors, driveline, chassis (suspension, brakes, wheels & mounts) is created in Modelica platform using which multiple vehicle level attributes like range, performance, drivability, handling and ride comfort are studied. Further, it is shown that the simulation speed can be increased by varying fidelity of the subsystems based on study intended within the same model framework.
Safety Assurance Case Description Method for Systems Incorporating Off‐Operational Machine Learning and Safety Device
Authors: Fujino Hirotaka , Kobayashi Nobuyuki , Shirasaka Seiko 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTechnology in the field of machine learning (ML) has been advanced in recent years. There have been discussions for applying ML technology especially toward safety critical systems such as automated driving. One of the issues is about the safety assurance of the system utilizing ML. Conventional safety assurance methods are not able to assure the system incorporating ML because “it is difficult to estimate its performance in advance, and it is not possible to grasp the boundaries between what can be done and what cannot be done.”(Ishikawa, 2019) Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assure the safety of systems incorporating ML. This study proposes the safety assurance case description method with seven layers for the system incorporating both off‐operational ML and the safety device. Based on the thought of systems engineering, the seven layers utilize the seven viewpoints decomposed with 1) internal and external system, 2) different states of the system, 3) the factors of the accidents in the system, 4) operating conditions of the system, 5) ML and safety device operation process, 6) output rules of the safety devices, and 7) output restriction method of the safety device. The evaluation method for this proposal indicates whether the subjects could describe using both the proposed description method and an example of the train brake system that incorporates off‐operational ML and safety device. The future study topic is the proposal of the description method for the higher layer of the safety device operation process. Moreover, we plan to work on the proposal of the safety assurance case of a system incorporating on‐operational ML.
Systems Engineering Challenges in Realizations of Spinning Satellite Versus Rotating Payload to Improve Systems Reliability
Authors: Mahto Brindaban , Meena G. , Gupta Abhilash , Khened Amareshwar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSatellites are playing vital role in the astronomical study by scientific community. Whereas making a bigger satellite, catering complex mission requirement for scientific study is not viable due to huge realization duration and launch cost. Configurations of astronomical study satellites are quite different compared to earth observation satellites, in such a way that payloads of former may demand rotating mechanisms. A cost effective spinning satellite configuration is studied to meet the payload rotation requirement for space astronomy exploration. On the other hand, accomplishing the essential requirements is a challenge viz. power generation, stringent payload pointing, attitude updates, telecommand establishment, telemetry links, visibility to data reception ground station for a spinning satellite. This paper is intended to bring out the complexity involved and the systems engineering concepts adopted to achieve the mission goal, mainframe elements redundancy, positive energy balance and high systems reliability to build a cost effective spinning small satellite.
Challenges in the Automation of Eddy Current Evaluation for Aerospace‐Spacecraft Propellant Tanks
Authors: Poornima S , Ramprasad B , Ingersol S , Narayan R , Narayanan G 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn automated system is designed for Eddy current evaluation of spacecraft components with a proven multi‐axis industrial robot interfaced with dynamic electromechanical distance compensation device (EMDC), automated probe exchange, array eddy current probe, precision component fixtures and turntables, eddy current equipments, centralized control system to control robot and eddy current system with seamless handshake capability. Accuracy of the probe guidance system for the entire test period is ensured by the repeatable probe positioning within ±0.05mm by the robot and a minimal lift off error of ± 50μ, achieved by deploying an automated device with a high precision component turntable with positioning accuracy of £0.005°. The component is aligned initially by LASER and fine alignment is established by Infrared based touch‐tool.Automation of eddy current based evaluation technique has made the system state of the art with high probability of defect detection capability at a lesser evaluation time. Also the system has enhanced process confidence level due to the high positional accuracy of the system in comparison with manual methods, with defect detection capabilities up to depth of 0.12mm on a shell of 0.8 mm thickness. The challenges in automation of the system include intricacies due to component's thickness and also due to the complex hemispherical profile of the component. Fixtures were designed to provide enough support for the fragile components with soft pads at the contact area, and alignment of component in turntable to avoid surface run‐out errors, synchronization between turntable and the robot scanning speed, precision maintenance of lift‐off distance between eddy current probe and component surface, array eddy current probe design with multiple elements ensuring defect detection in any orientation are some of the challenges overcome in the automation of eddy current evaluation technique.The challenges in designing an automated eddy current system for evaluation of propellant tanks were systematically overcome with automation to get better defect characterization capability with reduced test time aiding in design optimization of thin walled metallic structures like propellant tanks.
Ameliorating the Methodology to Chill Rocket Fuels for Launch Vehicle
Authors: Lamba Ankit Kumar , Chandramouly Vishwas Banavara , Naidu R Krishna Murthy , Damodaram J 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCurrent Launch vehicles of ISRO uses Earth storable propellant such as UH25/MMH and N2O4/MON3 as fuel and oxidizer respectively for their liquid engines. Chilling of these rocket fuels is necessary before loading them in Launch Vehicles to meet the liquid engine requirements so as to meet the desired net positive suction head for the turbo pumps of rocket engines (like VIKAS engines). Pressure fed engine is cooled using regenerative cooling technique. To compensate for the pressure drops in the piping when fuel flows, the chilled propellant makes it heavy in density and helps to maintain greater injection pressure. In ISRO spiral plate heat exchanger is used or chilling the propellants. The chilling activity requires around 10 to 12 hours to chill propellants from ambient to 10° C for given flow rate and effective reynolds number. Reducing this time will be very helpful in reducing the time required for overall system readiness for launch activities. Existing chilling process involves circulating propellant through one heat exchanger using a pump. The storage facility has two heat exchangers and two pumps and out of which only one heat exchanger and one pump is being used and the other act as standby. The paper aims to find possible alternate configurations using the idle heat exchanger and pump and also to study the effect of mass flow rate of propellant on chilling time. Study in this paper is done considering N2O4 propellant. A theoretical model is developed using basic heat transfer equations in MATLAB, it is evaluated by comparing the results with previous mission data. This is later applied on different configurations possible and chilling time for each configuration is calculated. The results obtained suggested that by operating two heat exchanger in parallel and one pump, time required for chilling of propellants can be reduced significantly.
System Design Approach For Service Oriented Communication Using Autosar Methodology
Authors: Chaudhari Nayana P , Isac Sinu J 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAutomotive radars and cameras form the backbone of self‐driving cars, Active safety and Advanced Driver Assistant Systems (ADASs). Streaming sensor, camera and audio data between sensors and Electronic control units (ECUs) requires huge data exchange. Traditionally data communication happens in a signal‐oriented approach where the sender transmits data irrespective of receiver's consumption needs on the network. With introduction of Scalable Service‐Oriented MiddlewarE over Internet Protocol ‐Service Discovery (SOME/IP‐SD), which is a Service oriented communication, the sender transmits the data only when the receiver on network needs the data. The advantage is that the network and connected nodes are not loaded by unnecessary data. This paper describes the system level design approach for the serialization of large data (>1500 bytes) over SOME/IP‐Service Discovery protocol using Autosar methodology in automotive Ethernet in‐vehicle networks. The system design is done using PREEVision tool and the bench evaluation is performed using Freescale hardware and Vector Autosar Basic Software stack. The outcome of this paper is to measure the end to end subscription latency between Client and Server ECUs.
Systems Approach for Integration of Medicine and Therapy to Alleviate Pain of Human Musculoskeletal System
Authors: Ohkami Yoshiaki , Kayo Munehiro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChronic pain and general physical discomfort are common symptoms for those seeking medical or physiotherapy treatment, as this relates to disorders found within the Human Musculoskeletal System (HMS). Since this system is highly complex and large in scale, clinical pain research has been confounded by many complex factors. To help alleviate chronic pain and other symptoms, Asian countries such as Japan, India and China have developed various traditional medicine‐based exercise techniques over many years. Although some are critical of these non‐orthodox medical approaches, others support the ‘overwhelming effort towards integrating alternative medicine into the mainstream’. In addition, these traditional techniques have been enhanced by recent scientific research into the HMS, undertaken by biomedical and mechanical engineers. The goal of our research is to establish a multidisciplinary approach integrating Systems Engineering, traditional oriental techniques, conventional medicine and related science. To pursue such an integrated approach this paper examines the therapist‐guided exercise for restoring human musculoskeletal balance called the Somatic Balance Restoration Therapy (SBRT). The SBRT is a simple but effective self‐exercise therapy with minimal assistance by a trained therapist. This therapy is analyzed by a Systems Engineering Approach using a mechanical engineering method by modeling the human body as a multi‐body subject to a static equilibrium condition. In addition, the wording has been rewritten in functional anatomical terms, enabling smooth communication between specialists of three different disciplines: therapy, conventional medicine and Systems Engineering. Examples will be given to demonstrate an integrated and systematic approach for identifying and remedying malfunctions within the HMS.
Designing An On‐board Macro Executor For Payload (MEP) For Optimized Payload Operations Of Earth Observation Satellites
Authors: Rao Chaitra , Nagesh S K 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEarth Observation (EO) from Space has proved to be an indispensable tool for providing valuable information on natural resources and environment on various spatial and temporal scales. These satellites have been used in various applications viz., agriculture & soils, land form and land use/ land cover studies, water resources, forestry, agricultural drought assessment & flood monitoring, cartography, town planning and coastal zone monitoring. The Resourcesat series of satellites not only caters to the National users but also for other global resource applications. The Resourcesat series payload platform incorporates three optical remote sensing cameras, viz., Linear Imaging Self Scanner (LISS‐3/L3), Advanced Wide Field of view Sensor (AWIFS/AW) and LISS‐4/L4. LISS‐4 provided 5.8m resolution imageries in three VNIR bands (B2, B3 & B4) with 70km swath, LISS‐3 provides 23.5m resolution in four bands (3 VNIR and 1 SWIR) with 140 km swath. AWIFS provides spatial resolution of 56 m in four bands with 740 km swath. The three cameras can be independently operated based on the demand from various user agencies. It is necessary to optimally use the on‐board resources within the boundaries of Mission constraints yet achieve the maximum throughput in terms of imageries from the payload. The satellites are equipped with payload operation sequencers which can be ground programmed based on the payload operation plan arrived at. The on‐board sequencers have to cater to the varying ground requirements of various payload, download and record modes of operations, which involves sequencing of various sub events to achieve one payload operation session.This paper brings out the evolution of the design of the on‐board sequencer of Resourcesat‐2A from Resourcesat‐1 and Resourcesat‐2. The MEP, a macro based programmable sequencer was designed, developed and implemented on‐board Resourecesat‐2A which provided total flexibility in programming the sub‐events, sequencing and also reduced the commanding load. The system is so built such that it can be configured for any satellite to perform any payload operation.
Effect of Aerobic or Resistance Exercise, or Both, on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Metabolism in Obese Older Adults While Dieting: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Armamento-Villareal Reina , Aguirre Lina , Waters Debra L , Napoli Nicola , Qualls Clifford , Villareal Dennis T 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Weight loss therapy of older adults with obesity is limited by weight loss–induced decrease in bone mineral density (BMD), which could exacerbate ongoing age-related bone loss and increase the risk for fractures. Therefore, it is recommended that weight loss therapy of older adults with obesity should include an intervention such as regular exercise to reduce the concomitant bone loss. However, the most appropriate exercise types to combine with weight loss therapy in this older population is unknown. In a randomized controlled trial, we performed a head-to-head comparison of aerobic or resistance exercise, or both, during matched ~10% weight loss in 160 older adults with obesity. We measured changes in BMD (total hip, femoral neck, trochanter, intertrochanter, one-third radius, lumbar spine) and bone markers. Changes between groups were analyzed using mixed-model repeated measures analyses of variance. After 6 months of intensive lifestyle interventions, BMD decreased less in the resistance group (−0.006 g/cm2 [−0.7%]) and combination group (−0.012 g/cm2 [−1.1%]) than in the aerobic group (−0.027 g/cm2 [−2.6%]) (p = 0.001 for between-group comparisons). Serum C-telopeptide, procollagen type 1 N-propeptide, and osteocalcin concentrations increased more in the aerobic group (33%, 16%, and 16%, respectively) than in the resistance group (7%, 2%, and 0%, respectively) and combination group (11%, 2%, and 5%, respectively) (p = 0.004 to 0.048 for between-group comparisons). Multiple regression analyses revealed that the decline in whole body mass and serum leptin were the independent predictors of the decline in hip BMD (multiple R = 0.45 [p &lt; .001]). These findings indicate that compared with aerobic exercise, resistance and combined aerobic and resistance exercise are associated with less weight loss–induced decrease in hip BMD and less weight loss–induced increase in bone turnover. Therefore, both resistance and combined aerobic and resistance exercise can be recommended to protect against bone loss during weight loss therapy of older adults with obesity. (LITOE ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01065636.) © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
There is no (95, 40, 12, 20) strongly regular graph
Authors: Azarija Jernej , Marc Tilen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe show that there is no (95, 40, 12, 20) strongly regular graph and, consequently, there is no (96, 45, 24, 18) strongly regular graph, no nontrivial regular two‐graph on 96 vertices, and no partial geometry pg(4, 9, 2). The main idea of the result is based on the star complement technique and requires a moderate amount of computation.