bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining grasp selection from arm trajectories via deep learning to enable functional hand movement in tetraplegia
Authors: Bhagat Nikunj , King Kevin , Ramdeo Richard , Stein Adam , Bouton Chad 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Cervical spinal cord injury severely affects grasping ability of its survivors. Fortunately, many individuals with tetraplegia retain residual arm movements that allow them to reach for objects. We propose a wearable technology that utilizes arm movement trajectory information and deep learning methods to determine grasp selection. Furthermore, we combined this approach with neuromuscular stimulation to determine if self-driven functional hand movement could be enabled in spinal cord injury participants.

Methods
Two cervical SCI participants performed arbitrary and natural reaching movements toward target objects in three-dimensional space, which were recorded using an inertial sensor worn on their wrist. Time series classifiers were trained to recognize the trajectories using either a Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm or a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network. As an initial proof-of-concept, we demonstrate real-time classification of the arbitrary movements using DTW only (due to its implementation simplicity), which when used in combination with a high density neuromuscular stimulation sleeve with textile electrodes, enabled participants to perform functional grasping.

Results
Participants were able to consistently perform arbitrary two-dimensional and three-dimensional arm movements which could be classified with high accuracy. Furthermore, it was found that natural reaching trajectories for two different target objects (requiring two different grasp types) were distinct and also discriminable with high accuracy. In offline comparisons, LSTM (mean accuracies 99%) performed significantly better than DTW (mean accuracies 86 and 83%) for both arbitrary and natural reaching movements, respectively. Type I and II errors occurred more frequently for DTW (up to 60 and 15%, respectively), whereas it stayed under 5% for LSTM. Also, DTW achieved online accuracy of 79%.

Conclusions
We demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing arm trajectory information to determine grasp selection using a wearable inertial sensor along with DTW and deep learning methods. Importantly, this technology can be successfully used to control neuromuscular stimulation and restore functional independence to individuals living with paralysis.

Trial registration
NCT, NCT03385005. Registered September 26, 2017
Relation between laboratory cantilever bending test and finite element analysis of five different nickel-titanium rotary instruments
Authors: Ismail Amira Galal , Galal Manar , Zaazou Mohamed H. , Hamdy Tamer M. , Abdelraouf Rasha M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Flexibility during bending is a critical feature that influences the performance and safety of endodontic nickel-titanium rotary instruments. Flexibility of the endodontic files could be assessed via laboratory test or indicated theoretically by finite element analysis (FEA). The aim of the study is to determine the cantilever load required for bending five different nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments (laboratory test) and to calculate maximum von Mises stresses due to bending moment and vertical displacement (deflection) (theoretically by FEA) and compare both results.

Results
TF Adaptive file demonstrates the least cantilever load required for bending, the least von Mises stresses generated and the highest deflection of the endodontic files. Contrary, One Shape file reported the highest cantilever load required for bending, the highest von Mises stresses generated and the least deflection among all the tested endodontic files.

Conclusion
The finite element analysis validated the results of the laboratory cantilever bending test for the examined nickel-titanium rotary instruments.
Hydrothermal-sedimentary dolomite — a case from the Middle Permian in eastern Junggar Basin, China
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Liu Yi-Qun , Li Hong , Jiao Xin , Zhou Ding-Wu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Middle Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimusar Sag, eastern Junggar Basin, NW China, was deposited in a salt lake within an intracontinental rift basin with intense hydrothermal activity. Hydrothermal-sedimentary dolomite in the form of three types of dolostones, namely, analcime-feldspar dolostone (AFD), silicic dolostone (SD) and buddingtonite-albite dolostone (BAD), related to syn-sedimentary hydrothermal activity at lake bottom was discovered. The characteristics and formation mechanism of the dolomite were studied based on micron-scale petrographic and isotopic geochemical research. The syn-depositional formation of these dolostones was indicated by their rock-mineral features and syn-sedimentary deformation stage. The dolomite was composed of relatively poorly ordered proto-dolomite crystals with micron-sized spherical or sub-spherical morphology and coexisted with hydrothermal minerals, including analcime, buddingtonite, albite and chalcedony. Albite clasts were replaced by the dolomite, indicating high-temperature conditions during formation. The remarkably low strontium isotopic compositions of the dolostones (87Sr/86Sr with an average of 0.705687) indicated that mantle-derived materials might have involved in the ore-forming fluid. The dolostones had positive δ13CPDB values (with an average of 6.94‰) and negative δ18OPDB values (with an average of − 8.12‰). Based on the δ18OPDB values, the formation temperatures of the dolomite were at least ~ 25 °C higher than those of the penecontemporaneous dolomite in the Lucaogou Formation in the study area. It is concluded that the dolomite precipitated from hydrothermal fluid erupting at the lake bottom. The possible genetic models are described. We suggest that the hydrothermal-sedimentary dolomite is an important genetic type, and this study may help increase the awareness of this understudied type of dolomite.
Drug-eluting stent for acute Blalock-Taussig shunt thrombosis in a child—case report
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Arun , Sasidharan Bijulal , Menon Sabarinath , Krishnamoorthy Kavassery Mahadevan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Blalock-Taussig shunt (BTS) continues to have a relatively high operative and short-term mortality, even in the current era. We report the use of drug-eluting stent in a child with acute shunt thrombosis, which has not been reported in the literature to date.

Case presentation
A 7-month-old boy with double outlet right ventricle, severe pulmonary stenosis, and normally related great arteries underwent BTS placement for cyanotic spells. Ten days after discharge, he presented with shock due to a blocked BTS. He underwent emergency percutaneous revascularization of the shunt with a drug-eluting stent and is doing well at 9 months’ follow-up on dual antiplatelet therapy.

Conclusions
Drug-eluting stents may be used in children with BTS thrombosis.
Vitamin D Supplementation Modulates ICOS+ and ICOS− Regulatory T Cell in Siblings of Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Savastio Silvia , Cadario Francesco , D’Alfonso Sandra , Stracuzzi Marta , Pozzi Erica , Raviolo Silvia , Rizzollo Stefano , Gigliotti Luca , Boggio Elena , Bellomo Giorgio , Basagni Chiara , Bona Gianni , Rabbone Ivana , Dianzani Umberto , Prodam Flavia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Vitamin D plays an immunoregulatory activity. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between blood serum 25(OH)D levels and Th17 and Treg circulating subsets, mainly Treg/inducible costimulatory-positive (ICOS+), which seems to have a protective role in autoimmunity, in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and their healthy siblings (S). The secondary aim was to evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on these subsets.

Patients and Methods
22 T1D and 33 S were enrolled. Glucose, hemoglobin A1c, 25 OH vitamin D (25[OH]D), T helper type 17 (Th17; CD4+CCR6+), regulatory T cells (Treg; CD4+CD25+Foxp3+), and Treg/ICOS+ cells were evaluated. According to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes, subjects were classified as “at risk” (HLA+), “protective haplotypes” (HLA−; “nested controls”), and “undetermined” (HLAUND). T1D and S subjects were supplemented with cholecalciferol 1000 IU/die and evaluated after 6 months.

Results
Vitamin D insufficiency (74.4%) and deficiency (43%) were frequent. S subjects with 25(OH)D levels &lt;25 nmol/L had Th17, Treg (p &lt; 0.01), and Treg/ICOS+ (P &lt; 0.05) percentages higher than subjects with 25(OH)D &gt;75 nmol/L. Treg/ICOS+ percentages (P &lt; 0.05) were higher in HLA− S subjects compared to percentages observed in S with T1D. At baseline, in S subjects, a decreasing trend in Th17 and Treg/ICOS+ values (P &lt; 0.05) from vitamin D deficiency to sufficiency was observed; 25(OH)D levels were negative predictors of Treg/ICOS+ (R2 = 0.301) and Th17 percentages (R2 = 0.138). After 6 months, supplemented S subjects showed higher 25(OH)D levels (P &lt; 0.0001), and lower Th17 (P &lt; 0.0001) and Treg/ICOS+ (P &lt; 0.05) percentages than at baseline; supplemented T1D patients only had a decrease in Th17 levels (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Serum 25(OH)D levels seem to affect Th17 and Treg cell subsets in S subjects, consistent with its immunomodulating role. HLA role should be investigated in a larger population.
Long-term Change in Physiological Markers and Cognitive Performance in Type 2 Diabetes: The Look AHEAD Study
Authors: Carmichael Owen T , Neiberg Rebecca H , Dutton Gareth R , Hayden Kathleen M , Horton Edward , Pi-Sunyer F Xavier , Johnson Karen C , Rapp Stephen R , Spira Adam P , Espeland Mark A 
Published: August 2020

AbstractContextThe effects of physiological improvements on cognitive function among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are not fully understood.ObjectiveTo determine whether improvements in physiological markers (body weight, blood sugar control, and physical activity) during intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) are associated with enhancements in cognitive function in older adults with T2DM.DesignMultisite randomized controlled trial.SettingAcademic research centers.Patients or Other ParticipantsParticipants were aged 45–76 years, with T2DM.InterventionThe Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) study, a randomized, controlled clinical trial of ILI.Main Outcome MeasureTwo to 3 cognitive assessments were collected from 1089 participants, the first and last occurring a mean (standard deviation) of 8.6 (1.0) and 11.5 (0.7) years after enrollment.ResultsGreater improvement in blood sugar control was associated with better cognitive scores (fasting glucose and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test [AVLT]: P = 0.0148; fasting glucose and Digit Symbol Coding (DSC): P = 0.0360; HbA1C and DSC: P = 0.0477); but weight loss had mixed associations with cognitive scores (greater body mass index [BMI] reduction and worse AVLT overall: P = 0.0053; and greater BMI reduction and better DSC scores among those overweight but not obese at baseline: P = 0.010). Associations were strongest among those who were overweight (not obese) at baseline, and among those with a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline.ConclusionsImprovements in glycemic control, but not necessarily weight status, during ILI may be associated with better subsequent cognitive performance. These associations may differ by adiposity and CVD history.
The experience of children with parents diagnosed with young onset dementia: a systematic literature review
Authors: Wang Ning , Brooke Joanne 
Published: August 2020

Background: Young onset dementia (YOD) may develop rapidly and affect those who have dependent children. There remains a lack of understanding of the impact on children living with a parent with YOD. Aims: To explore published literature in order to understand the impact on children living with a parent with YOD. Methods: A systematic search of the following databases—Medline; PsychINFO; CINAHL; and Scopus—for literature published from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2018. Findings: Three major themes were identified: first, coping, which comprised two sub-themes of avoiding the situation and being empowered. Second, change, which encompassed two sub-themes of change of personality and change of family role. The third was loss. Conclusions: There remains a need to raise awareness and develop support services for children of parents with YOD. Community nurses are the best place healthcare professionals to identify and support the needs of both the person with YOD and their children.
Waiting lists for symptomatic joint arthritis are not benign
Authors: Morris James Alexander , Super Jonathan , Huntley Daniel , Ashdown Thomas , Harland William , Anakwe Raymond 
Published: August 2020

Aim Restarting elective services presents a challenge to restore and improve many of the planned patient care pathways which have been suspended during the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. A significant backlog of planned elective work has built up representing a considerable volume of patient need. We aimed to investigate the health status, quality of life, and the impact of delay for patients whose referrals and treatment for symptomatic joint arthritis had been delayed as a result of the response to COVID-19. Methods We interviewed 111 patients referred to our elective outpatient service and whose first appointments had been cancelled as a result of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Patients reported significant impacts on their health status and quality of life. Overall, 79 (71.2%) patients reported a further deterioration in their condition while waiting, with seven (6.3%) evaluating their health status as ‘worse than death’. Conclusions Waiting lists are clearly not benign and how to prioritize patients, their level of need, and access to assessment and treatment must be more sophisticated than simply relying on the length of time a patient has been waiting. This paper supports the contention that patients awaiting elective joint arthroplasty report significant impacts on their quality of life and health status. This should be given appropriate weight when patients are prioritized for surgery as part of the recovery of services following the COVID-19 pandemic. Elective surgery should not be seen as optional surgery—patients do not see it in this way.
Spatial-diversity detection of optical vortices for OAM signal modulation
Authors: Anguita Jaime A. , Cisternas Jaime E. 
Published: August 2020

We propose a method for identifying orbital angular momentum (OAM) states within a vortex superposition using a Shack–Hartmann (SH) sensor as a spatial-diversity detector. We define a local OAM at every pixel of the SH image, from which we construct an OAM spectrum. The topological charges are determined from the OAM spectrum using a low-complexity algorithm, resulting in estimates that are robust to beam wandering. Data from a 200 m experimental transmission are successfully tested using the proposed technique.
Eleições e Financiamentos de Campanhas no Brasil
Authors: Costa Maycon Yuri Nascimento 
Published: August 2020

Esta resenha apresenta uma contribuição importante para a Ciência Política, que é o livro de Vitor de Moraes Peixoto, publicado pela Editora Garamond em 2016, com o título "Eleições e Financiamentos de Campanhas no Brasil".
Colonoscopy and Reduction of Colorectal Cancer Risk by Molecular Tumor Subtypes: A Population-Based Case-Control Study
Authors: Hoffmeister Michael , Bläker Hendrik , Jansen Lina , Alwers Elizabeth , Amitay Efrat L. , Carr Prudence R. , Kloor Matthias , Herpel Esther , Roth Wilfried , Chang-Claude Jenny , Brenner Hermann 
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:
In previous studies, the protective effect of colonoscopy was generally stronger for distal colorectal cancer than for proximal colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate whether reduction of CRC risk through colonoscopy varies according to major tumor markers and pathways of CRC.

METHODS:
This is a population-based case-control study from Germany, including 2,132 patients with a first diagnosis of CRC and information on major molecular tumor markers and 2,486 control participants without CRC. Detailed participant characteristics were collected by standardized questionnaires. Information on previous colonoscopy was derived from medical records. Polytomous logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between previous colonoscopy and subtypes of CRC.

RESULTS:
Overall, we observed strong risk reduction of CRC after colonoscopy that was weaker for microsatellite instable (MSI) than for non-MSI CRC (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50–0.97 vs OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.24–0.33), for CpG island methylator phenotype high CRC than for CpG island methylator phenotype low/negative CRC (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.34–0.59 vs OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.25–0.34), for BRAF-mutated than for BRAF nonmutated CRC (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.42–0.91 vs OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.25–0.35), for KRAS nonmutated than for KRAS-mutated CRC (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.29–0.40 vs OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.20–0.32), and for CRC classified into the sessile serrated pathway than for CRC of the traditional pathway (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.36–0.91 vs OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.25–0.37). After colonoscopy with the detection of adenomas or hyperplastic polyps, no risk reduction was found for sessile serrated pathway CRC, MSI, and BRAF-mutated subtypes.

DISCUSSION:
Our study extends the molecular understanding of existing differences in risk reduction of proximal and distal CRCs reported by previous studies and may imply important information for improving strategies for timely detection of relevant precursors.
Manuais de ensino de História oitocentistas: reflexões sobre o cristianismo na história escolar no Império do Brasil
Authors: Farias Júnior José Petrúcio de , Guimarães Selva 
Published: August 2020

Este texto apresenta resultados de uma investigação acerca dos compêndios de História Universal, de Victor Duruy e Pedro Parley, aprovados e adotados pelo Estado Imperial brasileiro para o ensino da História nas escolas secundárias de 1854 a 1878. Neste período, aconteceram as Reformas Educacionais de Couto Ferraz (1854) e de Leôncio de Carvalho de 1878. Analisa-se, então, no contexto dessas Reformas, o papel dos Manuais didáticos, na disseminação do Cristianismo, do ideal de Nação e de cidadania, a partir da histórica escolar. Para impor ideias e preceitos politicas e culturais o Estado Imperial aprovou o Regulamento da Instrução Primária e Secundária, cuja responsabilidade era fiscalizar e orientar o ensino público e particular nos níveis primário e secundário, estabelecendo normas para o exercício da liberdade de ensino.
Silver sulfadiazine loaded breathable hydrogel sponge for wound healing
Authors: Pandey Anamika , Momin Munira , Chando Anita 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Patients with serious injury need special care and treatment to control the infection, as wound sepsis is one of the major causes of death. Silver sulfadiazine (SSD) is widely used as an antimicrobial agent which promotes healing and re-epithelialization. However, due to certain drawbacks such as inflammation and cytotoxicity, the need for novel drug delivery modality emerges. The objective of this study was to develop natural polymeric (chitosan and gelatin) hydrogel sponges containing SSD and evaluate its efficacy in wound healing using animal models.

Methods
SSD containing hydrogel sponges were prepared by solvent casting technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to evaluate morphological characteristics of the hydrogel sponges. Anti-thrombogenic property, drug release studies, drug release kinetics, antimicrobial property, and wound healing effect were also studied in detail.

Results
The optimized batch of hydrogel sponges (CG4) consists of 1% SSD wt., 10% wt. Gelatin, 1% wt. Chitosan and honey 7.5% wt. as plasticizer. At the 12th hour, in vitro and ex vivo drug release was found to be 76.994±0.67% and 24.22±0.57% respectively. CG4 batch had enhanced in vitro antimicrobial activity as compared to conventional marketed cream. The developed SSD hydrogel sponges showed a faster rate of wound healing as compared to a marketed cream. Animals treated with CG4 formulation showed complete angiogenesis and re-epithelialization by 8th day, whereas 12 days were required for complete wound healing with marketed cream.

Conclusions
The prepared hydrogel sponges can serve as a potential alternative for wound healing dressing as compared to the marketed product.
The challenges of diagnosing diabetes in childhood
Authors: Pucci Mairi , Benati Marco , Lo Cascio Claudia , Montagnana Martina , Lippi Giuseppe 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, whereby type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) alone involves nearly 15 million patients. Although T1DM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are the most common types, there are other forms of diabetes which may remain often under-diagnosed, or that can be misdiagnosed as being T1DM or T2DM. After an initial diagnostic step, the differential diagnosis among T1DM, T2DM, Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) and others forms has important implication for both therapeutic and behavioral decisions. Although the criteria used for diagnosing diabetes mellitus are well defined by the guidelines of the American Diabetes Association (ADA), no clear indications are provided on the optimal approach to be followed for classifying diabetes, especially in children. In this circumstance, both routine and genetic blood test may play a pivotal role. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to provide, through a narrative literature review, some elements that may aid accurate diagnosis and classification of diabetes in children and young people.
Modeling the Impact of Riparian Vegetation on Flow Structure and Bed Sediment Distribution in Rivers
Authors: Morri Mabrouka , Soualmia Amel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The effect of instream vegetation growth has largely been ignored by hydrological and geomorphological research in river environments, which focused instead on the function of riparian vegetation as a regulator of bank stability or as a buffer for dissolved and particulate matter entering the channel from the hillside. However, in many lowland streams, instream vegetation can be very intensive, resulting in high biomass levels during the growing season. Instream plants have a significant influence on the dynamics of flow, sediment, and nutrients. Plant growth can cause increased frictional resistance to flow and can have a short-to medium-term effects on the geomorphology of the channel. Additionally, plant development influences the velocity of river flow, affects sedimentation dynamics and increases flood risk. To achieve a balance between flooding and ecological management of rivers in the presence of vegetation, a reliable method is required to predict the resistance of channels. In the current study, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic and morphodynamic model is developed and applied using a new scaling expression of shear stress based on vegetation characteristics. These first attempts at field simulations showed qualitatively acceptable results and demonstrated the effectiveness of the model in predicting hydraulic parameters in the presence of vegetation. This model is useful in predicting the effect of vegetation on stream flow and river morphology, as well as in managing flood hazards and stream ecology.