bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Near‐Infrared Persistent Luminescence in Cr3+‐Doped Magnesium Gallogermanates Featuring Afterglow Emission at Extremely Low Temperature
Authors: Du Jiaren , Poelman Dirk 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRoom‐temperature persistent phosphors emitting in a wide spectral range are extensively explored owing to their commercial interest in applications such as night‐vision signs and medical imaging. However, phosphors featuring long‐lasting near‐infrared emission at extremely low temperature are barely reported so far. Herein, a design of trivalent chromium‐activated magnesium gallogermanates (Mg1+xGa2−2xGexO4:Cr3+) is demonstrated that exhibit strong near‐infrared afterglow emission at low temperature, e.g., −80 °C. Notably, this new persistent phosphor can be efficiently activated even at these low temperatures. A combination of experimental characterizations together with simulations has identified its novel low‐temperature persistent luminescence and good capacity of stabilizing a large number of very shallow traps. The finding of this low‐temperature near‐infrared afterglow property opens up a new frontier for exploring persistent phosphors and provides an opportunity for novel applications at extreme conditions, such as cryopreservation of biological samples.
Universal Oriented van der Waals Epitaxy of 1D Cyanide Chains on Hexagonal 2D Crystals
Authors: Lee Yangjin , Koo Jahyun , Lee Sol , Yoon Jun‐Yeong , Kim Kangwon , Jang Myeongjin , Jang Jeongsu , Choe Jeongheon , Li Bao‐Wen , Le Chinh Tam , Ullah Farman , Kim Yong Soo , Hwang Jun Yeon , Lee Won Chul , Ruoff Rodney S. , Cheong Hyeonsik , Cheon Jinwoo , Lee Hoonkyung , Kim Kwanpyo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe atomic or molecular assembly on 2D materials through the relatively weak van der Waals interaction is quite different from the conventional heteroepitaxy and may result in unique growth behaviors. Here, it is shown that straight 1D cyanide chains display universal epitaxy on hexagonal 2D materials. A universal oriented assembly of cyanide crystals (AgCN, AuCN, and Cu0.5Au0.5CN) is observed, where the chains are aligned along the three zigzag lattice directions of various 2D hexagonal crystals (graphene, h‐BN, WS2, MoS2, WSe2, MoSe2, and MoTe2). The potential energy landscape of the hexagonal lattice induces this preferred alignment of 1D chains along the zigzag lattice directions, regardless of the lattice parameter and surface elements as demonstrated by first‐principles calculations and parameterized surface potential calculations. Furthermore, the oriented microwires can serve as crystal orientation markers, and stacking‐angle‐controlled vertical 2D heterostructures are successfully fabricated by using them as markers. The oriented van der Waals epitaxy can be generalized to any hexagonal 2D crystals and will serve as a unique growth process to form crystals with orientations along the zigzag directions by epitaxy.
Imaging Metal Halide Perovskites Material and Properties at the Nanoscale
Authors: Howard John M. , Lahoti Richa , Leite Marina S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMetal halide perovskites exhibit optimal properties for optoelectronic devices, ranging from photovoltaics to light‐emitting diodes, utilizing simple fabrication routes that produce impressive electrical and optical tunability. As perovskite technologies continue to mature, an understanding of their fundamental properties at length scales relevant to their morphology is critical. In this review, an overview is presented of the key insights into perovskite material properties provided by measurement methods based on the atomic force microscopy (AFM). Specifically, the manner in which AFM‐based techniques supply valuable information regarding electrical and chemical heterogeneity, ferroelectricity and ferroelasticity, surface passivation and chemical modification, ionic migration, and material/device stability is discussed. Continued advances in perovskite materials will require multimodal approaches and machine learning, where the output of these scanning probe measurements is combined with high spatial resolution structural and chemical information to provide a complete nanoscale description of materials behavior and device performance.
Triangulating School Climate: Areas of Convergence and Divergence Across Multiple Levels and Perspectives
Authors: Bottiani Jessika H. , Johnson Sarah Lindstrom , McDaniel Heather L. , Bradshaw Catherine P. 
Published: December 2019

Highlights

Observed classroom and school environmental factors relate to how students perceive school climate.

Observations account for large proportions of the shared variation in school climate perceptions.

Findings suggest the utility of outside observations to explain variation in school climate.
Characterization of the gut microbiota of Nicaraguan children in a water insecure context
Authors: Piperata Barbara A. , Lee Seungjun , Mayta Apaza Alba C. , Cary Adelaide , Vilchez Samuel , Oruganti Pallavi , Garabed Rebecca , Wilson Warren , Lee Jiyoung 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe gut microbiota varies across human populations. The first years of life are a critical period in its development. While delivery mode and diet contribute to observed variation, the additional contribution of specific environmental factors remains poorly understood. One factor is waterborne enteric pathogen exposure. In this pilot study, we explore the relationship between household water security and the gut microbiota of children.MethodsFrom Nicaraguan households (n = 39), we collected drinking water samples, as well as fecal samples from children aged one month to 5.99 years (n = 53). We tested water samples for total coliforms (CFU/mL) and the presence of common enteric pathogens. Composition and diversity of the gut microbiota were characterized by 16S rRNA sequencing. Households were classified as having drinking water that was “low” (<29 CFU/mL) or “high” (≥29 CFU/mL) in coliforms. We used permutational analyses of variance and Mann‐Whitney U‐tests to identify differences in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota of children living in these two home types.ResultsInsecure access led households to store drinking water and 85% tested positive for coliforms. High concentrations ofSalmonellaandCampylobacterwere found in water and fecal samples. Controlling for age, the gut microbiota of children from high coliform homes were compositionally different and less diverse than those from low coliform homes.ConclusionsResults indicate that research exploring the ways water insecurity affects human biology should consider the gut microbiome and that investigations of inter‐population variation in the gut microbial community of children should consider pathogen exposure and infection.
Transition‐Metal‐Functionalized DNA Double‐Crossover Tiles: Enhanced Stability and Chirality Transfer to Metal Centers
Authors: Rousina‐Webb Alexander , Lachance‐Brais Christophe , Rizzuto Felix J. , Askari Mohammad S. , Sleiman Hanadi F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe double crossover junction (DX) is a fundamental building block for generating complex and varied structures from DNA. However, its implementation in functional devices is limited to the inherent properties of DNA itself. Here, we developed design strategies to generate the first metal–DX DNA tiles (DXM) by site‐specifically functionalizing the tile crossovers with tetrahedral binding pockets that coordinate CuI. These DX junctions bind two CuI ions independently at distinct sites, display greater thermal stability than native DX tiles upon metalation, and melt in a cooperative fashion. In addition, the right‐handed helical chirality of DNA is transferred to the metal centers. Our tiles display high metal ion selectivity, such that CuII is spontaneously reduced to CuI in situ. By modifying our design over three generations of tiles, we elucidated the thermodynamic and geometric requirements for the successful assembly of DXM tiles, which have direct applicability in developing robust, stable DNA‐based materials with electroactive, photoactive, and catalytic properties.
Dielectric elastomer film with anisotropic actuation deformation on film plane
Authors: Jin Yukai , Gao Xiang , Luo Yingwu 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTA new dielectric elastomer (DE) film, which was able to show anisotropic large plane deformation actuated by an external electric field, was designed and synthesized. Specifically, an asymmetric di‐vinyl monomer cyclohex‐3‐enylmethyl acrylate (CEA) was incorporated into the middle block of poly(styrene‐b‐butyl acrylate‐b‐styrene) as potential crosslinking points. By widely used UV curing technique through a mask, the DE films could be locally hardened any area one selected. This could break the symmetry of the actuation deformation on the DE film plane, maximizing the deformation in a given direction while the actuation area strain remained unchanged. The actuation strainy/strainx reached 2.3, strain in x direction was 10.3% while in y direction was 23%, when the DE film of S(BA‐ran‐CEA)S with 2.5 mol % CEA incorporated was locally hardened in the form of soft and hard belt of 1 mm width alternatively along y direction. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48795.
Investigation of the Sharkskin melt instability using optical Fourier analysis
Authors: Gansen Alex , Řehoř Martin , Sill Clemens , Polińska Patrycja , Westermann Stephan , Dheur Jean , Hale Jack S. , Baller Jörg 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTAn optical method allowing the characterization of melt flow instabilities typically occurring during an extrusion process of polymers and polymer compounds is presented. It is based on a camera‐acquired image of the extruded compound with a reference length scale. Application of image processing and transformation of the calibrated image to the frequency domain yields the magnitude spectrum of the instability. The effectiveness of the before mentioned approach is shown on Styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds, covering a wide range of silica filler content, extruded through a Göttfert capillary rheometer. The results of the image‐based analysis are compared with the results from the sharkskin option, a series of highly sensitive pressure transducers installed inside the rheometer. A simplified version of the code used to produce the optical analysis results is included as supplementary material. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48806.
Improving melt strength of polypropylene by minimal branching and blending
Authors: Guapacha Jorge , Barbosa Jonathan , Vallés Enrique M. , Quinzani Lidia M. , Failla Marcelo D. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBranched polypropylenes (PPb) with markedly improved melt strength were produced without significantly affecting the processability of the original PP. A two‐step process of functionalization with MA and crosslinking with m‐XDA was used, both by batch mixing and by extrusion. Branching degrees of ~0.06 LCB/1000 monomer units or smaller were obtained. All PPbs display clear and significant strain hardening, being the PPb obtained by extrusion the one that shows the largest melt strength. This polymer has a zero‐shear‐rate viscosity slightly smaller than that of PP while its strain‐hardening index is about 10 times higher. Moreover, the nonlinear behavior of PP at elongation begins at a time similar to its terminal relaxation time or larger, while the ratio of these times reduces significantly with branching. PP/PPb blends were prepared to extend the range of obtainable melt strength in PP. They display rheological behavior between those of the mixed polymers with slight positive deviation. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48845.
A turn‐off fluorescence probe based on terpyridine for pH monitoring
Authors: Zhuge Xiangxue , Li Jinyan , Li Yexin , Yuan Chunxue 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA new pH‐dependent fluorescence probe 2,8‐bis((E)‐4‐([2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridin]‐4′‐yl)styryl)‐6H,12H‐5,11‐methanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine (TBPTP) based on Tröger's base (TB) bound to terpyridine was designed and synthesized. Photophysical properties and titration experiments of TBPTP were investigated by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. TBPTP exhibited high sensitivity in an acidic environment with the working pH range 7.2–2.5, especially having a good liner response to pH changes in the range 2.5–4.3, which suggested that TBPTP is a good candidate for pH monitoring.
A rare form of discoid lupus erythematosus as a rosacea and angiofibroma: A case report
Authors: Mokhtari Fatemeh , Ganjei Zakiye 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe rare presentation of DLE can be rosacea‐/angiofibroma‐like lesions which should be considered in patients with red‐pink to skin‐color papules with flushing and photosensitivity.
Polydopamine – its Prolific Use as Catalyst and Support Material
Authors: Molnár Árpád 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPolydopamine is a mussel‐inspired functional material with a unique ability to form surface coatings. It is a green, environmentally benign product available very easily for a multitude of varied applications. This review attempts to collect useful information with respect to polydopamine‐based catalytic studies with the use of polydopamine and modified polydopamine preparations loaded with varied catalytically active species including metal ions and metal particles. Major sections are about the use of polydopamine as catalyst material, utilization of immobilized enzymes, removal of toxic materials, results in organic synthesis, and fuel cell applications. A few examples of chiral catalysis and results of recycling studies are also treated. Data collected and analyzed indicate the importance and high potential of polydopamine‐based catalysts in sustainable chemistry.
Structural Changes of Au(111) Single‐Crystal Electrode Surface in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Rudnev Alexander V. , Ehrenburg Maria R. , Molodkina Elena B. , Abdelrahman Areeg , Arenz Matthias , Broekmann Peter , Jacob Timo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDespite a persistent interest in using ionic liquids (ILs) as an electrolyte for various electrochemical applications, the fundamental understanding of the processes at the electrode/IL interface is still at a preliminary stage. Herein, we employ electrochemical in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to investigate structural changes of a Au(111) single‐crystal surface in four ILs: 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide [BMP][DCA], 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide [BMP][TFSI], 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dicyanamide [EMIm][DCA], and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate [EMIm][OAc]. The STM data demonstrate a significant effect of IL ions on the potential ranges of Au(111) surface stability/instability and on the intensity and pattern of the occurring surface changes. Moreover, the effect of both the anion and cation on the surface stability is considerable in a wide range from high negative to high positive potentials. Apparently, not only strong ion adsorption but also the arrangement of IL ions at the electrolyte side of the interface has a significant impact on the stability of the gold surface.
Stereochemical Rules Govern the Soft Self‐Assembly of Achiral Compounds: Understanding the Heliconical Liquid‐Crystalline Phases of Bent‐Core Mesogens
Authors: Lehmann Anne , Alaasar Mohamed , Poppe Marco , Poppe Silvio , Prehm Marko , Nagaraj Mamatha , Sreenilayam Sithara P. , Panarin Yuri P. , Vij Jagdish K. , Tschierske Carsten 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA series of bent‐shaped 4‐cyanoresorcinol bisterephthalates is reported. Some of these achiral compounds spontaneously form a short‐pitch heliconical lamellar liquid‐crystalline phase with incommensurate 3‐layer pitch and the helix axis parallel to the layer normal. It is observed at the paraelectric‐(anti)ferroelectric transition, if it coincides with the transition from random to uniform tilt and with the transition from anticlinic to synclinic tilt correlation of the molecules in the layers of the developing tilted smectic phase. For compounds with long chains the heliconical phase is only field‐induced, but once formed it is stable in a distinct temperature range, even after switching off the field. The presence of the helix changes the phase properties and the switching mechanism from the naturally preferred rotation around the molecular long axis, which reverses the chirality, to a precession on a cone, which retains the chirality. These observations are explained by diastereomeric relations between two coexisting modes of superstructural chirality. One is the layer chirality, resulting from the combination of tilt and polar order, and the other one is the helical twist evolving between the layers. At lower temperature the helical structure is replaced by a non‐tilted and ferreoelectric switching lamellar phase, providing an alternative non‐chiral way for the transition from anticlinic to synclinic tilt.
Value assessment of oncology drugs using a weighted criterion‐based approach
Authors: Ezeife Doreen A. , Dionne Francois , Fares Aline Fusco , Cusano Ellen Laura Rose , Fazelzad Rouhi , Ng Wenzie , Husereau Don , Ali Farzad , Sit Christina , Stein Barry , Law Jennifer H. , Le Lisa , Ellis Peter Michael , Berry Scott , Peacock Stuart , Mitton Craig , Earle Craig C. , Chan Kelvin K. W. , Leighl Natasha B. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundGlobally, the rising cost of anticancer therapy has motivated efforts to quantify the overall value of new cancer treatments. Multicriteria decision analysis offers a novel approach to incorporate multiple criteria and perspectives into value assessment.MethodsThe authors recruited a diverse, multistakeholder group who identified and weighted key criteria to establish the drug assessment framework (DAF). Construct validity assessed the degree to which DAF scores were associated with past pan‐Canadian Oncology Drug Review (pCODR) funding recommendations and European Society for Medical Oncology Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO‐MCBS; version 1.1) scores.ResultsThe final DAF included 10 criteria: overall survival, progression‐free survival, response rate, quality of life, toxicity, unmet need, equity, feasibility, disease severity, and caregiver well‐being. The first 5 clinical benefit criteria represent approximately 64% of the total weight. DAF scores ranged from 0 to 300, reflecting both the expected impact of the drug and the quality of supporting evidence. When the DAF was applied to the last 60 drugs (with reviewers blinded) reviewed by pCODR (2015‐2018), those drugs with positive pCODR funding recommendations were found to have higher DAF scores compared with drugs not recommended (103 vs 63; Student t test P = .0007). DAF clinical benefit criteria mildly correlated with ESMO‐MCBS scores (correlation coefficient, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.009‐0.59). Sensitivity analyses that varied the criteria scores did not change the results.ConclusionsUsing a structured and explicit approach, a criterion‐based valuation framework was designed to provide a transparent and consistent method with which to value and prioritize cancer drugs to facilitate the delivery of affordable cancer care.
The effects of Medicaid expansion on labor market outcomes: Evidence from border counties
Authors: Peng Lizhong , Guo Xiaohui , Meyerhoefer Chad D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper provides new empirical evidence on the employment and earning effects of the recent Medicaid expansion. Unlike most existing studies that use a conventional state and year fixed effects approach, our main identification strategy is based on the comparison of employment and wages in contiguous county‐pairs in neighboring states (i.e., border counties) with different Medicaid expansion status. Using the 2008–2016 Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, we estimate a set of distributed lag models in order to examine the dynamic effects of Medicaid expansion. Results from our preferred specification suggest a statistically significant decrease in total employment of 1.2% 1 year after the expansion of Medicaid. This translates into a 37% decrease in employment among newly eligible Medicaid enrollees under the strong assumption that Medicaid coverage did not crowd out private insurance coverage. We also find that this disemployment effect is transitory: 2 years after the Medicaid expansion employment returns to preexpansion levels. We do not find any statistically significant effect of the Medicaid expansion on wages at any point.
Hydrologic connectivity at the hillslope scale through intra‐snowpack flow paths during snowmelt
Authors: Webb Ryan W. , Wigmore Oliver , Jennings Keith , Fend Mike , Molotch Noah P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe seasonal snowmelt period is a critical component of the hydrologic cycle for many mountainous areas. Changes in the timing and rate of snowmelt as a result of physical hydrologic flow paths, such as longitudinal intra‐snowpack flow paths, can have strong implications on the partitioning of meltwater amongst streamflow, groundwater recharge, and soil moisture storage. However, intra‐snowpack flow paths are highly spatially and temporally variable and thus difficult to observe. This study utilizes new methods to non‐destructively observe spatio‐temporal changes in the liquid water content of snow in combination with plot experiments to address the research question: What is the scale of influence that intra‐snowpack flow paths have on the downslope movement of liquid water during snowmelt across an elevational gradient? This research took place in northern Colorado with study plots spanning from the rain‐snow transition zone up to the high alpine. Results indicate an increasing scale of influence from intra‐snowpack flow paths with elevation, showing higher hillslope connectivity producing larger intra‐snowpack contributing areas for meltwater accumulation, quantified as the upslope contributing area required to produce observed changes in liquid water content from melt rate estimates. The total effective intra‐snowpack contributing area of accumulating liquid water was found to be 17, 6, and 0 m2 for the above tree line, near tree line, and below tree line plots, respectively. Dye tracer experiments show capillary and permeability barriers result in increased number and thickness of intra‐snowpack flow paths at higher elevations. We additionally utilized aerial photogrammetry in combination with ground penetrating radar surveys to investigate the role of this hydrologic process at the small watershed scale. Results here indicate that intra‐snowpack flow paths have influence beyond the plot scale, impacting the storage and transmission of liquid water within the snowpack at the small watershed scale.