bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPEN is Required forXistUpregulation during Initiation of X Chromosome Inactivation
Authors: Robert-Finestra Teresa , Tan Beatrice F. , Mira-Bontenbal Hegias , Timmers Erika , Gontan-Pardo Cristina , Merzouk Sarra , Daniele Giaimo Benedetto , Dossin François , van IJcken Wilfred F. J. , Martens John W. M. , Borggrefe Tilman , Heard Edith , Gribnau Joost 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAt initiation of X chromosome inactivation (XCI),Xistis monoallelically upregulated from the future inactive X (Xi) chromosome, overcoming repression by its antisense transcriptTsix.Xistrecruits various chromatin remodelers, amongst them SPEN, which are involved in silencing of X-linked genes incisand establishment of the Xi. Here, we show that SPEN plays an important role in the initiation of XCI.Spennull female mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are defective inXistupregulation upon differentiation. We find thatXist-mediated SPEN recruitment to the Xi chromosome happens very early in XCI, and that SPEN-mediated silencing of theTsixpromoter is required forXistupregulation. Accordingly, failedXistupregulation inSpen−/−ESCs can be rescued by concomitant removal ofTsix. These findings indicate that SPEN is not only required for the establishment of the Xi, but is also crucial in the initiation of the XCI process.
Lipid nanoparticle encapsulated nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines elicit polyfunctional HIV-1 antibodies comparable to proteins in nonhuman primates
Authors: Saunders Kevin O. , Pardi Norbert , Parks Robert , Santra Sampa , Mu Zekun , Sutherland Laura , Scearce Richard , Barr Maggie , Eaton Amanda , Hernandez Giovanna , Goodman Derrick , Hogan Michael J. , Tombacz Istvan , Gordon David N. , Rountree R. Wes , Wang Yunfei , Lewis Mark G. , Pierson Theodore C. , Barbosa Chris , Tam Ying , Shen Xiaoying , Ferrari Guido , Tomaras Georgia D. , Montefiori David C. , Weissman Drew , Haynes Barton F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDevelopment of an effective AIDS vaccine remains a challenge. Nucleoside-modified mRNAs formulated in lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNP) have proved to be a potent mode of immunization against infectious diseases in preclinical studies, and are being tested for SARS-CoV-2 in humans. A critical question is how mRNA-LNP vaccine immunogenicity compares to that of traditional adjuvanted protein vaccines in primates. Here, we found that mRNA-LNP immunization compared to protein immunization elicited either the same or superior magnitude and breadth of HIV-1 Env-specific polyfunctional antibodies. Immunization with mRNA-LNP encoding Zika premembrane and envelope (prM-E) or HIV-1 Env gp160 induced durable neutralizing antibodies for at least 41 weeks. Doses of mRNA-LNP as low as 5 μg were immunogenic in macaques. Thus, mRNA-LNP can be used to rapidly generate single or multi-component vaccines, such as sequential vaccines needed to protect against HIV-1 infection. Such vaccines would be as or more immunogenic than adjuvanted recombinant protein vaccines in primates.
Design, construction, and advantages of 100% online laboratories in an upper division undergraduate biology course
Authors: Brady Emma , Reeves Shalaunda , Maden Malcolm , Harfe Brian D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFor centuries, students have been taught by passively listening to lectures, usually in large groups. In many fields, this type of course delivery is not ideal. In addition, students that have grown up with online access and/or have been forced to take online course during the recent pandemic, are seeking improved online educational experiences. As providers of education, Universities must adapt to this rapidly changing environment. The emergence of exciting, “disruptive” technologies has provided the tools needed for educators to revolutionize the delivery of higher education. The University of Florida, through UF Online, provides students the opportunity to enroll in fully online four-year undergraduate degrees. In this report, we describe the development of fully online laboratories for the upper-division course Evolutionary Developmental Biology, which fulfill the University of Florida’s laboratory requirement. This course is taken by Biology, Zoology, and related majors, including majors in the 100% online Biology degree. The experiments in the virtual laboratories would have been impossible to teach in a residential setting due to time constraints, cost, student safety issues, and regulatory/certification requirements. The ability to perform these experiments online provided University of Florida undergraduates located throughout the world access to unique, one-of-a-kind laboratory experiences. The virtual laboratories allowed students to undertake in-depth exploration and application of course content that is not possible in a residential setting. Completion of the Evolutionary Developmental Biology course provided undergraduate students the opportunity to obtain a science degree without ever visiting the university’s residential campus. During the Fall 2020 term, this course was made available to residential students, thus allowing this cohort of students to continue to make progress, 100% online, towards their undergraduate degree during the COVID19 pandemic.
Land-use and forest floor explain prokaryotic metacommunity structuring and spatial turnover in Amazonian forest-to-pasture conversion areas
Authors: Rocha Fernando Igne , Ribeiro Thiago Gonçalves , Fontes Marcelo Antoniol , Schwab Stefan , Rodrigues Coelho Marcia Reed , Lumbreras José Francisco , da Motta Paulo Emílio Ferreira , Teixeira Wenceslau Geraldes , Cole James , Borsanelli Ana Carolina , dos Santos Dutra Iveraldo , Howe Adina , de Oliveira Aline Pacobahyba , da Conceição Jesus Ederson 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTAdvancing extensive cattle production shifts the forest landscape and is considered one of the main drivers against biodiversity conservation in the Brazilian Amazonia. Considering soil as an ecosystem it becomes vital to identify the effects of land-use changes on soil microbial communities, structure, as well as its ecological functions and services. Herein, we explored relationships between land-use, soil types and forest floor (i.e., association between litter, root layer and bulk soil) on the prokaryotic metacommunity structuring in the Western Amazonia. Sites under high anthropogenic pressure were evaluated along a gradient of ± 800 km. Prokaryotic metacommunity are synergistically affected by soil types and land-use systems. Especially, the gradient of soil fertility and land-use shapes the structuring of the metacommunity and determines its composition. Forest-to-pasture conversion increases alpha, beta, and gamma diversities when considering only the prokaryotes from the bulk soil. Beta diversity was significantly higher in all forests when the litter and root layer were taken into account with the bulk soil. Our argumentation is that the forest floor harbors a prokaryotic metacommunity that adds at the regional scale of diversity a spatial turnover hitherto underestimated. Our findings highlight the risks of biodiversity loss and, consequently, the soil microbial diversity maintenance in tropical forests.
An objective approach to assess colonic pain in mice using colonometry
Authors: Qiao Liya Y , Madar Jonathan 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThe present study presents a non-surgical approach to assess colonic mechanical sensitivity in mice using colonometry, a technique in which colonic stretch-reflex contractions are measured by recording intracolonic pressures during saline infusion into the distal colon in a constant rate. Colonometrical recording has been used to assess colonic function in healthy individuals and patients with neurological disorders. Here we found that colonometry can also be implemented in mice, with an optimal saline infusion rate of 1.2 mL/h. Colonometrograms showed intermittent pressure rises that was caused by periodical colonic contractions. In the sceneries of colonic hypersensitivity that was generated post 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colonic inflammation, following chemogenetic activation of primary afferent neurons, or immediately after noxious stimulation of the colon by colorectal distension (CRD), the amplitude of intracolonic pressure (AICP) was markedly elevated which was accompanied by a faster pressure rising (ΔP/Δt). Colonic hypersensitivity-associated AICPelevation was a result of the enhanced strength of colonic stretch-reflex contraction which reflected the heightened activity of the colonic sensory reflex pathways. The increased value of ΔP/Δt in colonic hypersensitivity indicated a lower threshold of colonic mechanical sensation by which colonic stretch-reflex contraction was elicited by a smaller saline infusion volume during a shorter period of infusion time. Chemogenetic inhibition of primary afferent pathway that was governed by Nav1.8-expressing cells attenuated TNBS-induced up-regulations of AICP, ΔP/Δt, and colonic pain behavior in response to CRD. These findings support that colonometrograms can be used for analysis of colonic pain in mice.
Does coffee taste better with latte art? A neuroscientific perspective
Authors: Hsu Liwei , Chen Yen-Jung 
Published: December 2020

PurposeVisual stimulation affects the taste of food and beverages. This study aimed to understand how latte art affects coffee consumption by collecting participants' brainwave data and their taste responses.Design/methodology/approachSeventy subjects participated in a two-stage experiment. Electroencephalography (EEG) was employed to measure brainwave activity. With an interval of one week, each stage involved coffee consumption with and without latte art. The responses to the taste of the coffee were also collected for analysis.FindingsSignificant differences were found in the participants' alpha and beta brainwave bands. When drinking coffee with latte art, the participants' alpha bands were significantly lower, whereas the beta bands were higher. These findings were supported by Bayesian statistics. A significant increase was found in the participants' taste of sweetness and acidity with latte art, and Bayesian statistics confirmed the results for sweetness although the evidence on the increase in acidity was anecdotal. No difference was found in the taste of bitterness.Originality/valueThis study highlights the effect of latte art on coffee consumption. The authors analysed the empirical evidence from this two-stage experimental study in the form of the participants' brainwave data and their responses to taste. This study's original contribution is that it explored the crossmodal effects of latte art on consumers' taste of coffee from a neuroscientific perspective. The results of this study can provide empirical evidence on how to effectively use latte art in practical business environments.
The chimera of choice in UK food policy 1976–2018
Authors: Burges Watson Duika Louise , Draper Alizon , Wills Wendy 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis paper presents a critical discourse analysis of “choice” as it appears in UK policy documents relating to food and public health. A dominant policy approach to improving public health has been health promotion and health education with the intention to change behaviour and encourage healthier eating. Given the emphasis on evidence-based policy making within the UK, the continued abstraction of choice without definition or explanation provoked us to conduct this analysis, which focuses on 1976 to the present.Design/methodology/approachThe technique of discourse analysis was used to analyse selected food policy documents and to trace any shifts in the discourses of choice across policy periods and their implications in terms of governance and the individualisation of responsibility.FindingsWe identified five dominant repertoires of choice in UK food policy over this period: as personal responsibility, as an instrument of change, as an editing tool, as a problem and freedom of choice. Underpinning these is a continued reliance on the rational actor model, which is consonant with neoliberal governance and its constructions of populations as body of self-governing individuals. The self-regulating, self-governing individual is obliged to choose as a condition of citizenship.Research limitations/implicationsThis analysis highlights the need for a more sophisticated approach to understanding “choice” in the context of public health and food policy in order to improve diet outcomes in the UK and perhaps elsewhere.Originality/valueThis is the first comprehensive analysis of the discourse of choice in UK food policy.
Are your employees getting their daily dose of DOSE? – A neuroscience perspective to enhance employee engagement
Authors: Mani Swaminathan , Mishra Mridula 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
To provide an alternative, neuroscience perspective to enhance employee engagement in companies.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors have undertaken extensive literature review to identify the key neurotransmitters that enhances employee motivation. The paper list four neurochemicals - DOSE (Dopamine, Oxytocin, Serotonin and Endorphins) are called “angel chemicals” that enhance the overall well-being of people. The characteristics of these neurochemicals and their impact on employee engagement are discussed briefly in the paper. Care has been taken to ensure the language used in the paper is not medical terminologies but what is widely used in the business world - to make it relevant for HR managers and leaders in the Industry.

Findings
Dopamine (Mood elevator that enhances happiness and is associated with memory, learning, planning and productivity), Oxytocin (that enhances bonding, trust and empathy), Serotonin (that helps maintain emotional balance and enhances well-being) and Endorphins (boosts self-esteem and reduces anxiety) are all known to enhance productivity, improve collaboration, increase prosocial behavior, reduce stress and boost the overall well-being of the employees. These concepts are both the necessary goldilocks conditions and celebrated output of having highly engaged workforce. Many of the triggers for synthesizing DOSE in the body needs small modifications in the office environment and cost-effective interventions as shared in the paper. Companies have spent several hundred billion dollars on employee engagement initiatives with limited success. HR leaders now have an alternative, neuroscience perspective to consider as part of their overall employee engagement strategy.

Originality/value
This paper provides insights into this important concept of employee engagement from a neuroscience perspective. Leveraging DOSE to enhance employee engagement is a new concept that HR managers now can use to augment their employee engagement interventions to enhance the teams’ morale.
“Doing diversity”: a narrative examination of veteran teachers’ renewed agency through intersectional teaching
Authors: Shelton Stephanie Anne , Melchior Shelly 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to examine how two White teachers, experienced and award-winning veteran educators, navigated issues of race, class and privilege in their instruction, and ways that their efforts and shortcomings shaped both teacher agency and classroom spaces.

Design/methodology/approach
This study’s methodology centers participants’ experiences and understandings over the course of two years of interviews, classroom observations and discussion groups. The study is conceptually informed by Sara Ahmed’s argument that social justice is often approached as something that education “can do,” which is problematic because it assumes that successful enactment is “intrinsic to the term.” Discussing and/or intending social justice replaces real change, and those leading the conversations believe that they have made meaningful differences. Instead, true shifts in thinking and action are “dependent on forms of institutional commitment […and] how it [diversity/social justice] gets taken up” (p. 241).

Findings
Using an in vivo coding approach – i.e. using direct quotations of participants’ words to name the new codes – the authors organized their findings into two discussions: “Damn – Every Time I’m with the Kids, I Just End Up Feeling Frozen”; and “Maybe I’m Just Not Giving These Kids a Fair Shake – Maybe I’m the Problem”.

Originality/value
The participants centered a participatory examination of intersectionality, rather than the previous teacher-mandated one. They “put into action” -xplorations of intersectionality that were predicated on students’ identities and experiences, thus making intersectionality a lived concept, rather than an intellectual one, and transforming students’ and their own engagement.
Benchmarking model for culture of urban traffic-safety management in India: interpretive structural modeling framework
Authors: Pradhan Vishal , Bhattacharya Sonali 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
Researchers have studied processes of improving road traffic-safety culture by explicitly evaluating the socio-psychological phenomenon of traffic-risk. The implicit traffic-system cues play an important role in explaining urban traffic-culture. This paper aims to ascertain an interpretive framework of the alternative processes of road traffic safety culture is antecedent to promote traffic-safety behaviour in Indian urban context. Subsequently, the authors discussed the reasons for those relationships exists.

Design/methodology/approach
Four experts of the urban traffic-safety domain participated in total interpretive structural modelling (TISM) study by completing an interpretive consensus-driven questionnaire. The drafted interpretive model was evaluated for road users proactive action orientation about the traffic-safety decision.

Findings
The evolved directed graph (digraph) of the culture of urban traffic-safety management was a serial three-mediator model. The model argued: In the presence of traffic-risk cues, people may become apprised to safety goals that initiate traffic-safety action. Consequently, expectancy-value evaluation motivates the continuation of traffic-safety intention that may lead to the implementation of adaptation plan (volitional control), thus habituating road users to traffic-safety management choice.

Practical implications
The modellers of traffic psychology may empirically estimate and test for the quality criteria to ascertain the applicability of the proposed mechanism of urban traffic-safety culture. The decision-makers should note the importance of arousal of emotions regarding traffic-risk, reduce the impact of maladaptive motivations and recursively improve control over safety actions for promoting safety interventions.

Originality/value
The authors attempted to induce an interpretive model of urban traffic-safety culture that might augment extant discussion regarding how and why people behave in an urban traffic system.
Analytical framework, typology and retail experience design process for integrated relational brand experience
Authors: Paik Hyoyon , Lee Jee Hyun 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis study aims to explore how a relational brand experience can be designed using an integrated retail experience. It addresses the research gap between relational brand experience strategy, retail experience design, as well as online-offline integration, by providing applicable tools and knowledge.Design/methodology/approachBased on a literature review, a relational experience analytical framework (REAF) was developed as a diagnostic tool for relational brand experience. A case study was then conducted using the REAF to determine the relational brand experience factors, strategies in practice and related initiatives.FindingsThree distinguishing integrated relational brand experience factors were identified (online-offline integration, overall activeness and the centre of relationships). A typology for an integrated relational brand experience was established with clarifying experiential characteristics and the required initiatives for each type. Based on the findings, a framework was proposed for an integrated brand experience design and its application in the retail experience design process.Practical implicationsThe frameworks and strategies proposed can serve as a guide to industry professionals in designing integrated relational brand experiences.Originality/valueThe theoretical contributions of this study are in clarifying the relational brand experience dimensions and an integrated relational brand experience strategy typology. It also illustrates the strategic application of integrated retail experience based on a brand experience strategy using the proposed framework and the process.
The impact of ageing on aggression among sport fans: the mediating role of fan hatred
Authors: Icekson Tamar , Toder Alon Anat , Shuv-Ami Avichai , Sela Yaron 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe growing proportion of older fans and their potential economic value have increased the need for an improved understanding of age differences in fan behaviour. Building on socioemotional selectivity theory, the current study examines the impact of age differences on fan hatred as well as on the extent to which fans actually engage in aggressive activities and fans' perceptions of the levels of appropriateness of certain physical and verbal acts of aggression.Design/methodology/approachThe study used an online panel-based survey that offered access to a real-world population of sport fans. The participants were 742 fans of professional football (soccer).FindingsResults from structural equation modelling indicated that older fans reported lower levels of fan hatred, lower self-reported aggression and lower acceptance of physical and verbal aggression. Moreover, fan hatred partially mediated the relationship between age and levels of aggression and between age and acceptance of verbal aggression. In addition, fan hatred fully mediated the relationship between age and acceptance of physical aggression.Originality/valueThe current study makes two important contributions. First, it demonstrates that sport clubs may particularly benefit from understanding the potential but often neglected importance of older sport fans in relation to the problematic phenomenon of fan aggression. Second, it offers a thorough theoretical account of the manner in which fan hatred plays a significant role in the relationships between age and fan aggressiveness.