bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microtubule dynamics in healthy and injured neurons
Authors: Rolls Melissa M. , Thyagarajan Pankajam , Feng Chengye 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMost neurons must last a lifetime and their microtubule cytoskeleton is an important contributor to their longevity. Neurons have some of the most stable microtubules of all cells, but the tip of every microtubule remains dynamic and, although requiring constant GTP consumption, microtubules are always being rebuilt. While some ongoing level of rebuilding always occurs, overall microtubule stability can be modulated in response to injury and stress as well as the normal developmental process of pruning. Specific microtubule severing proteins act in different contexts to increase microtubule dynamicity and promote degeneration and pruning. After axon injury, complex changes in dynamics occur and these are important for both neuroprotection induced by injury and subsequent outgrowth of a new axon. Understanding how microtubule dynamics is modulated in different scenarios, as well as the impact of the changes in stability, is an important avenue to explore for development of strategies to promote neuroprotection and regeneration.
Ecological drivers of female lion (Panthera leo) reproduction in the Kruger National Park
Authors: Maruping‐Mzileni Nkabeng T. , Ferreira Sam , Young Kim , Funston Paul J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe role of social cues in the reproduction of social mammals, particularly carnivores, has been thoroughly studied and documented in literature. However, environmental cues such as resources of water, food, and shelter have been identified to a lesser extent. Pregnant lions (Panthera leo) are notoriously secretive during the final stages of pregnancy and postpartum. Behavioral indicators depicted by movement patterns obtained by remote detection of collared female lions in the Kruger National Park were necessary for the monitoring of birth timing. Over the study period, eight plus a potential three parturition incidences of collared females were recorded. Of the variables measured (step length, range size, duration, prey biomass, and rainfall), range size during the month of parturition was the most indicative movement pattern of a successful birth. By backdating the potential birth month of the litters, date of conception was calculated and our results revealed a correlation between the birthing peaks of preferred prey during the month of conception. Birth timing in conjunction with remote sensing and ecological factors were thus identified behaviors associated with denning.
Humans shape the year‐round distribution and habitat use of an opportunistic scavenger
Authors: Ramírez Francisco , Afán Isabel , Bouten Willem , Carrasco Josep Lluís , Forero Manuela González , Navarro Joan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResearch focused on evaluating how human food subsidies influence the foraging ecology of scavenger species is scarce but essential for elucidating their role in shaping behavioral patterns, population dynamics, and potential impacts on ecosystems. We evaluate the potential role of humans in shaping the year‐round distribution and habitat use of individuals from a typical scavenger species, the yellow‐legged gull (Larus michahellis), breeding at southwestern Spain. To do this, we combined long‐term, nearly continuous GPS‐tracking data with spatially explicit information on habitat types and distribution of human facilities, as proxied by satellite imagery of artificial night lights. Overall, individuals were mainly associated with freshwater habitats (mean proportion, 95% CI: 40.6%, 36.9%–44.4%) followed by the marine‐related systems (40.3, 37.7%–42.8%), human‐related habitats (13.5%, 13.2%–13.8%), and terrestrial systems (5.5%, 4.6%–6.5%). However, these relative contributions to the overall habitat usage largely changed throughout the annual cycle as a likely response to ecological/physiological constraints imposed by varying energy budgets and environmental constraints resulting from fluctuations in the availability of food resources. Moreover, the tight overlap between the year‐round spatial distribution of gulls and that of human facilities suggested that the different resources individuals relied on were likely of anthropogenic origin. We therefore provide evidence supporting the high dependence of this species on human‐related food resources throughout the annual cycle. Owing to the ability of individuals to disperse and reach transboundary areas of Spain, Portugal, or Morocco, international joint efforts aimed at restricting the availability of human food resources would be required to manage this overabundant species and the associated consequences for biodiversity conservation (e.g., competitive exclusion of co‐occurring species) and human interests (e.g., airports or disease transmission).
Trends in prevalence of comorbidities in heart failure clinical trials
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Samman Tahhan Ayman , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Greene Stephen J. , Alrohaibani Alaaeddin , Anker Stefan D. , Vardeny Orly , Fonarow Gregg C. , Butler Javed 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTAimsThe primary objective of this systematic review was to estimate the prevalence and temporal changes in chronic comorbid conditions reported in heart failure (HF) clinical trials.Methods and resultsWe searched MEDLINE for HF trials enrolling more than 400 patients published between 2001 and 2016.Trials were divided into HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), or trials enrolling regardless of ejection fraction. The prevalence of baseline chronic comorbid conditions was categorized according to the algorithm proposed by the Chronic Conditions Data Warehouse, which is used to analyse Medicare data. To test for a trend in the prevalence of comorbid conditions, linear regression models were used to evaluate temporal trends in prevalence of comorbidities. Overall, 118 clinical trials enrolling a cumulative total of 215 508 patients were included. Across all comorbidities examined, data were reported in a mean of 35% of trials, without significant improvement during the study period. Reporting of comorbidities was more common in HFrEF trials (51%) compared with HFpEF trials (27%). Among trials reporting data, hypertension (63%), ischaemic heart disease (44%), hyperlipidaemia (48%), diabetes (33%), chronic kidney disease (25%) and atrial fibrillation (25%) were the major comorbidities. The prevalence of comorbidities including hypertension, atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease increased over time while the prevalence of smoking decreased in HFrEF trials.ConclusionMany HF trials do not report baseline comorbidities. A more rigorous, systematic, and standardized framework needs to be adopted for future clinical trials to ensure adequate comorbidity reporting and improve recruitment of multi‐morbid HF patients.
What they think of us: Meta‐beliefs and solidarity‐based collective action among the advantaged
Authors: Adra Aya , Li Mengyao , Baumert Anna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCollective action researchers have recently started investigating solidarity‐based collective action by advantaged groups. This literature, however, has overlooked intergroup meta‐beliefs (MBs, i.e., beliefs about the outgroup's beliefs), which we argue are crucial, since solidarity inherently involves protesting for the outgroup. In the context of racial inequality in the U.S., we focused on three MBs White Americans could hold: responsibility, inactivity, and allyship. In two studies (Ntotal = 648), we found that inactive and responsible MBs predicted higher collective action tendencies among low White identifiers via guilt and obligation to act. Conversely, we found that both predicted lower collective action tendencies among high White identifiers, via perceived unfairness. Finally, we found that ally MB was positively associated with collective action tendencies, regardless of identification. We highlight the importance of the meta‐perspective in understanding solidarity‐based collective action, and discuss conceptual and practical implications of these findings.
The double‐tree method: An O(n) unsteady aerodynamic lifting surface method
Authors: Jones Bryn , Dunning Peter , Maheri Alireza 
Published: April 2020

SummaryTwo new methods for reducing the computational cost of the unsteady vortex lattice method are developed. These methods use agglomeration to construct time‐saving tree structures by approximating the effect of either a group of vortex rings or query points. A case study shows that combining the two new O(n·log n) tree methods together results in an O(n) method, called the double‐tree method. Other case studies show that the trade‐off between accuracy and speed can be easily and reliably controlled by the agglomeration cutoff distance. For a flat plate with 5 × 200 panels analyzed over 20 time steps, the double‐tree method is 7 times faster than the unsteady vortex lattice method with a <5% difference in the force distribution and total lift coefficient. The case studies suggest that the computational benefit will increase for the same level of accuracy if the size of the problem is increased, making the method beneficial for full‐aircraft analysis within optimization or dynamic load analysis, where the computational cost of the unsteady vortex lattice method can be large.
Synthesis of fumed silica supported Ni catalyst for carbon dioxide conversion to methane
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed Aheed Ali , Saad Mohammed Ali H Saleh , Kumar Anand , Al‐Marri Mohammed J 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, we report the synthesis of a fumed silica supported Ni‐based catalyst for carbon dioxide conversion to methane. Ni/fumed‐SiO2 was prepared by loading the active agent precursor solution on the high surface area fumed SiO2 through the wet impregnation technique. Thereafter, the resulting powder was dried and reduced under hydrogen flow at 750°C for 3 h to get the desired active agent. The CO2 catalytic hydrogenation was performed using a flow reactor between 50 and 650°C temperature, where it showed good catalytic activity and selectivity for methane. In addition, it is found to be highly stable under reaction conditions for 16 h time on stream. Fresh and used (after the stability test) catalyst samples were characterized using different techniques, such as XRD, TEM, SEM/EDX, to investigate the structural and morphological properties, and effect of exposure to reaction conditions on the catalysts. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism was investigated using in‐situ DRIFT in the temperature range 50–450°C. The results revealed the formation of formate species at early reaction stages, followed by CO that was detected as linearly adsorbed on Ni surface, and lastly methane formation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determinants of nursing home choice: Does reported quality matter?
Authors: Schmitz Hendrik , Stroka‐Wetsch Magdalena A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractQuality report cards addressing information asymmetry in the health care market have become a popular strategy used by policymakers to improve the quality of care for older people. Using individual level data from the largest German sickness fund merged with institutional level data, we examine the relationship between reported nursing home quality, as measured by recently introduced report cards, nursing home prices, nursing home's location, and the individual choice of nursing homes. Report cards were stepwise introduced as of 2009, and we use a sample of 2010 that includes both homes that had been evaluated at that time and that had not yet been. Thus, we can distinguish between institutions with above and below average ratings as well as nonrated nursing homes. We find that the probability of choosing a nursing home decreases in distance and price. However, we find no economically significant effect of reported quality on individuals' choice of nursing homes.
Four Biomarkers Linked to Activation of Cluster of Differentiation 8–Positive Lymphocytes Predict Clinical Outcomes in Pediatric Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Leonis Mike A. , Miethke Alexander G. , Fei Lin , Maynor Sean , Chapin Catherine A. , Bleesing Jacob J.H. , Alonso Estella M. , Squires Robert H. ,   for the Pediatric Acute Liver Failure Study Group
Published: April 2020

Background and Aims
Immune dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of pediatric acute liver failure (PALF). Our aim was to identify immune activation markers (IAMs) in PALF that are associated with a distinct clinical phenotype and outcome.

Approach and Results
Among 47 PALF study participants, 12 IAMs collected ≤6 days after enrollment were measured by flow cytometry and IMMULITE assay on blood natural killer and cluster of differentiation 8–positive (CD8+) lymphocytes and subjected to unsupervised hierarchical analyses. A derivation cohort using 4 of 12 IAMs which were available in all participants (percent perforin‐positive and percent granzyme‐positive CD8 cells, absolute number of CD8 cells, soluble interleukin‐2 receptor level) were sufficient to define high (n = 10), medium (n = 15), and low IAM (n = 22) cohorts. High IAM was more frequent among those with indeterminate etiology than those with defined diagnoses (80% versus 20%, P < 0.001). High IAM was associated with higher peak serum total bilirubin levels than low IAM (median peak 21.7 versus 4.8 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and peak coma grades. The 21‐day outcomes differed between groups, with liver transplantation more frequent in high IAM participants (62.5%) than those with medium (28.2%) or low IAM (4.8%) (P = 0.002); no deaths were reported. In an independent validation cohort (n = 71) enrolled in a prior study, segregation of IAM groups by etiology, initial biochemistries, and short‐term outcomes was similar, although not statistically significant. High serum aminotransferases, total bilirubin levels, and leukopenia at study entry predicted a high immune activation profile.

Conclusion
Four circulating T‐lymphocyte activation markers identify a subgroup of PALF participants with evidence of immune activation associated with a distinct clinical phenotype and liver transplantation; these biomarkers may identify PALF participants eligible for future clinical trials of early targeted immunosuppression.
A quarter‐century review of HRM in small and medium‐sized enterprises: Capturing what we know, exploring where we need to go
Authors: Harney Brian , Alkhalaf Hadeel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite the proliferation of HRM research, only a small fraction explores the context of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). Where HRM in SMEs has received attention, the literature base remains fragmented and variable, comprising a plurality of definitions, explanations, and methods. To advance understanding, this paper uses a quarter‐century systematic review drawing on an evidence base of 137 peer‐reviewed articles. A cumulative framework is presented capturing key developments and synthesizing existing areas of research focus. Analysis of limitations and knowledge‐gaps finds a failure to differentiate across various types of SMEs, limited appreciation of SME characteristics and contextual conditions, and a dominance of managerial perspectives. An agenda for future research on HRM in SMEs is outlined with respect to definitional parameters, HR practices, HRM–performance, key determinants, and presenting issues. The paper concludes that SMEs offer a unique, fruitful, and timely context for investigations of HRM.
As Smart as a Human? Leveraging Models of Human Intelligence to Assess the Intelligence of Systems
Authors: Brown Barclay R. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTAs we evolve artificial and machine intelligence concepts, and consider their extension into intelligent systems, it becomes important to be able to assess the system's intelligence level. This assessment serves several important needs in systems engineering. First, it enables the tradeoff of system design alternatives based on a system's intelligence, along with other factors including cost and performance. Second, it influences system verification and validation methods. Lastly, it will help stakeholders specify the required system intelligence. Assessing or specifying the system's intelligence presents many challenges and difficulties similar to those faced by psychologists and neurologists in measuring the intelligence of human beings and animals. This article explores some human and animal intelligence assessment concepts and shows their application to assessing a system's intelligence.
A novel frameshift variant in SON causes Zhu‐Tokita‐Takenouchi‐Kim Syndrome
Authors: Tan Ya , Duan Ling , Yang Kai , Liu Qian , Wang Jing , Dong Zhe , Li Zhi , He Yiwen , Yan Yousheng , Lin Li 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundZhu‐Tokita‐Takenouchi‐Kim syndrome is a severe multisystem developmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delay, malformations of the cerebral cortex, epilepsy, vision problems, musculoskeletal abnormalities, and congenital malformations. This syndrome is caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in the SON gene at chromosome 21q22.1.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis of a 4‐year‐old Chinese child who displayed severe intellectual disability, delayed psychomotor development, and facial dysmorphism.MethodsA sequential detection including chromosome karyotyping, chromosome microarray analysis (CMA), and whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was performed on this child. The familial verification of WES result was conducted by Sanger sequencing.ResultsA de novo frameshift variant SON: c.5230delC (p.Arg1744ValfsTer29) was identified in the proband. The identical variant was not found in his family members. The frequencies of this variant in gnomAD/gnomAD_EAS databases were both none.ConclusionsThis study substantiates that SON: c.5230delC (p.Arg1744ValfsTer29) is a pathogenic variant of Zhu‐Tokita‐Takenouchi‐Kim syndrome and it is the first time to report Zhu‐Tokita‐Takenouchi‐Kim syndrome in China.
Professional development perspectives across gender and age groups of under‐qualified rural NEETs
Authors: de Almeida Amanda Nunes , Simões Francisco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOur study explored how self‐efficacy perceptions are associated with Perceived Barriers (PB), meaning beliefs about constraints on current/future vocational development, and Professional Expectations (PE) among rural, under‐qualified youths Not in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET). We also analyzed how the connections between these factors varied across gender and age groups. One hundred and eighty‐eight NEETs participated in this study (58.20% female; (M = 23.05; standard deviation = 1.96). Through linear regression analysis using PROCESS macros, we found that higher self‐efficacy was associated with stronger PB, after accounting for the effects of training offers and income. Moreover, men showing stronger self‐efficacy also displayed stronger PB, while men depicting weaker self‐efficacy presented weaker PB, compared with women in similar conditions. Being offered more training opportunities resulted in stronger perceptions of professional barriers for these NEETs. Thus, rural, under‐qualified NEETs require person‐centered approaches from employment services, to support their transition to employment/training.
A road map for the future: An exploration of attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs among African Americans to tailor health promotion of cancer‐related genetic counseling and testing
Authors: Lumpkins Crystal Y. , Philp Alisdair , Nelson Katherine L. , Miller Lynn M. , Greiner Keith Allen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAfrican Americans (AA), the second largest racial/ethnic minority group in the United States (US), carry the largest mortality burden of cancer compared with other racial/ethnic groups (Cancer Facts & Figures for African Americans, 2019–2021, American Cancer Society).One solution to address this disparity is through cancer‐related genetic counseling and testing (CGT). Although CGT is utilized among the general population, it remains underutilized among AA populations. Community‐engaged and community‐driven health promotion programs within faith‐based organizations (FBOs) have been successfully implemented and delivered among AA populations (Israel et al., American Journal of Public Health, 100, 2010, 2094). FBOs are well positioned for cancer‐related health promotion and equipped as conduits of health education and information distribution for cancer prevention. In the present pilot study, a community‐based participatory approach (CBPR) was used to collect exploratory data on attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs toward CGT and uptake among an AA sample in the Midwest. Focus groups were conducted in two churches where respondents (N=34) answered a pre‐focus group survey prior to a discussion. Respondents were largely unaware of CGT and thought of testing as primarily for ancestral discovery and not for an inheritable disease. Themes identified through qualitative analysis included emotional experiences with cancer; perception of cancer risk; different pictures of genetic testing; other things to worry about; trust in the healthcare system/faith in God and the healthcare system; and ideas and insights regarding promotion of CGT. These primary themes showed participants’ perceptions of CGT were shaped by their experiences with cancer, faith, faith communities/FBOs, and cost and access to CGT. Overall, participants within these organizations had positive perceptions about the church as a conduit of genetic testing information but had mixed opinions about the rationale for completing CGT. These findings have implications for genetic counselors, medical providers, and health promotion personnel as to how AA faith populations view CGT and the utility of FBOs as promoters of CGT information.
The impact of COPD and smoking history on the severity of COVID‐19: A systemic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Qianwen , Meng Meng , Kumar Rahul , Wu Yinlian , Huang Jiaofeng , Lian Ningfang , Deng Yunlei , Lin Su 
Published: April 2020

AbstractComorbidities are associated with the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This meta‐analysis aimed to explore the risk of severe COVID‐19 in patients with pre‐existing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and ongoing smoking history. A comprehensive systematic literature search was carried out to find studies published from December 2019 to 22 March 2020 from five databases. The languages of literature included English and Chinese. The point prevalence of severe COVID‐19 in patients with pre‐existing COPD and those with ongoing smoking was evaluated with this meta‐analysis. Overall 11 case series, published either in Chinese or English language with a total of 2002 cases, were included in this study. The pooled OR of COPD and the development of severe COVID‐19 was 4.38 (fixed‐effects model; 95% CI: 2.34‐8.20), while the OR of ongoing smoking was 1.98 (fixed‐effects model; 95% CI: 1.29‐3.05). There was no publication bias as examined by the funnel plot and Egger's test (P = not significant). The heterogeneity of included studies was moderate for both COPD and ongoing smoking history on the severity of COVID‐19. COPD and ongoing smoking history attribute to the worse progression and outcome of COVID‐19.