bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutation Analysis of DNAJC Family for Early‐Onset Parkinson's Disease in a Chinese Cohort
Authors: Li ChunYu , Ou RuWei , Chen YongPing , Gu XiaoJing , Wei QianQian , Cao Bei , Zhang LingYu , Hou YanBing , Liu KunCheng , Chen XuePing , Song Wei , Zhao Bi , Wu Ying , Shang HuiFang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecently, members of the DnaJ homolog C (DNAJC) family have been identified to be associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. However, most studies are based on European‐ancestry population and no comprehensive analysis is further conducted.ObjectivesIn this study, we aim to systematically explore the associations of DNAJCs by genetic analysis in a large Chinese early‐onset PD (EOPD) cohort.MethodsRare variants were identified using whole exome sequencing in a cohort of 664 unrelated patients with EOPD. Allelic association analysis was performed with Fisher's exact test to clarify the associations at allele level. Gene‐based burden analysis was conducted for both rare variants and damaging variants to illuminate the involvement of DNAJCs in EOPD at the gene level.ResultsIn total, 61 rare variants were identified in the current study. At the allele level, 2 variants, p.T1109R and p.L174H, in DNAJC26 were significant after Bonferroni correction; 2 variants, p.V1271A and p.A476V, in DNAJC26; 2 variants, p.M477T and p.D1670G, in DNAJC13; 1 variant, p.L19I, in DNAJC10; and 1 variant, p.N526S, in DNAJC6 reached nominal significance. Moreover, a novel compound heterozygous mutation in DNAJC6 was identified. At the gene level, gene‐based burden analysis showed a clear enrichment of rare variants in DNAJC26 in patients with EOPD, but not other DNAJCs.ConclusionsOur work identifies novel rare variants of DNAJC26 to be associated with EOPD and enhances our understanding of the role of DNAJC family members in EOPD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Eight‐channel parallel transmit‐receive system for 7 T MRI with optically controlled and monitored on‐coil current‐mode RF amplifiers
Authors: Gudino Natalia , de Zwart Jacco A. , Duyn Jeff H. 
Published: July 2020

PurposeTo demonstrate a practical implementation of an eight‐channel parallel‐transmit system for brain imaging at 7 T based on on‐coil amplifier technology.MethodsAn eight‐channel parallel transmit‐receive system was built with optimized on‐coil switch‐mode current RF power amplifiers. The amplifiers were optically controlled from an eight‐channel interface that was connected to a 7 T MRI scanner. The interface also optically received a down‐converted version of the coil current sensed in each amplifier for monitoring and feedback adjustments.ResultsEach on‐coil amplifier delivered more than 100 W peak power and provided enough amplifier decoupling (<−15 dB) for the implemented eight‐channel array configuration. Phantom and human images were acquired to demonstrate practical operation of this new technology in a 7 T MRI scanner.ConclusionFurther development and improvement of previously demonstrated on‐coil technology led to successful implementation of an eight‐channel parallel‐transmit system able to deliver strong B1 fields for typical brain imaging applications. This is an important step forward toward implementation of on‐coil RF amplification for high‐field MRI.
Saving rodents, losing primates—Why we need tailored bushmeat management strategies
Authors: Bachmann Mona Estrella , Nielsen Martin Reinhardt , Cohen Heather , Haase Dagmar , Kouassi Joseph A. K. , Mundry Roger , Kuehl Hjalmar S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Efforts to curb the unsustainable wildlife trade in tropical forests conceptualize bushmeat as a generic resource, exploited by a homogeneous group. However, bushmeat is composed of miscellaneous species differing in risks of zoonotic disease transmissions, sensitivity to hunting and abundance. If people choose these species for varying reasons, mitigation approaches that neglect specific drivers would likely target abundant species, e.g. rodents. Meanwhile, rare species of greater conservation relevance, like many primates, would be overlooked. Additionally, if reasons vary between user groups, their responsiveness to interventions may differ too.

We assessed this possibility for three common strategies to mitigate bushmeat use, which are: development‐based—reducing reliance on bushmeat; educational—increasing environmental and school education; and cultural—promoting environmentally friendly habits.

We interviewed 348 hunters, 202 traders and 985 consumers of bushmeat around Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire, and tested if factors related to the above strategies affected selection for primates, duikers and rodents.

Our analyses revealed that people chose taxa for very different reasons. Users with shared characteristics favoured similar taxa; hunters economically reliant on bushmeat income targeted primates and duikers, while hunters and consumers nutritionally reliant on wildlife protein preferred rodents. Different groups used the same taxa for varying reasons. For example, hunting of primates was associated with economic needs, while their consumption appeared a matter of status. Meanwhile, cultural habits, like religion, specifically affected consumption and taboos inhibited the use of primates; environmental awareness was linked to lower utilization of most taxa within most user groups.

Our results demonstrate that educational‐, cultural‐, and development‐based strategies may address different needs and taxa. Consumers may present a key target group, as they rejected rare species for multiple cultural and educational reasons. Notably, the widespread effect of environmental awareness could facilitate large‐scale demand‐reduction approaches. Nevertheless, there is no one‐size‐fits‐all solution and campaigns need to be tailored to specific taxa and user groups. Ultimately, clear target definitions, prior in‐depth research, community‐driven solutions and tools from marketing and psychology may help to design novel strategies that encompass the diversity of bushmeat species and its users.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
A hidden message: Decoding artistic intent
Authors: Rogala Jacek , Bajno Beata , Wróbel Andrzej 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how art makes impressions upon the perceiver has been a fundamental topic of philosophical interest since the time of ancient Greece. However, the extent of artistic perception and aesthetic appreciation has been the topic of empirical studies only recently, following the emergence of psychology as an independent field of science. The present study discusses the hypothesis that the impression created by artwork on the viewer can be predicted by examining activity of neuronal networks. In particular, we focus on neural activity evoked by abstract stimuli that matches elements of the viewers' previously learned conceptual dictionary. We show that artistic appreciation fundamentally depends on how easily the author's intent expressed in his or her artwork can be abstracted and decoded, on a neuronal level, into new or merged concept networks. More diverse intellectual and personal experiences—and their corollary neural networks—may facilitate the creation of new networks. These new networks, in turn, modulate the extent to which art can be apprehended and appreciated.
Computer modeling of a potential agent against SARS‐Cov‐2 (COVID‐19) protease
Authors: Lesk Arthur M. , Konagurthu Arun S. , Allison Lloyd , Garcia de la Banda Maria , Stuckey Peter J. , Abramson David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe have modeled modifications of a known ligand to the SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) protease, that can form a covalent adduct, plus additional ligand‐protein hydrogen bonds.
Metabolic profiling of senkyunolide A and identification of its metabolites in hepatocytes by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with diode‐array detector and high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Hui , Liu Chunjuan , Wang Minghua , Sui Yong 
Published: July 2020

RationaleSenkyunolide A is one of the bioactive constituents originally isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. To better understand the action of this constituent, it is necessary to study the metabolic profiles in different species.MethodsFor the metabolic stability study, senkyunolide A at a concentration of 0.5 μM was individually incubated with hepatocytes of mouse, rat, dog, monkey and human at 37°C for 2 h. For metabolite profiling and identification, senkyunolide A (10 μM) was incubated with hepatocytes and the incubation samples were analyzed by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with diode‐array detector and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC/DAD‐HRMS). The identities of the metabolites were characterized by accurate masses, product ions and retention times.ResultsSenkyunolide A was metabolically unstable in hepatocytes. The in vitro half‐lives were 136.2, 60.6, 33.65, 55.96 and 138 min in mouse, rat, dog, monkey and human hepatocytes, respectively. Furthermore, a total of 14 metabolites were detected. M1 and M9 were the most abundant metabolites in all species. The metabolic pathways of senkyunolide A involved the following pathways: (1) hydroxylation to form 10‐ and 11‐hydroxysenkyunolide A, which further underwent epoxidation followed by GSH conjugation; (2) epoxidation followed by epoxide hydrolysis or GSH conjugation; and (3) aromatization to form 3‐butylphthalide followed by hydroxylation.ConclusionsHydroxylation, epoxidation, aromatization and GSH conjugation were the main metabolic pathways of senkyunolide A. This study provides an overview of the metabolic profiles of senkyunolide A, which is helpful for a better understanding of the action of this compound.
Dynamics of Single‐Stranded RNA Looping Probed and Photoregulated by Sulfonated Pyrene
Authors: Xu Jie , Tojo Sachiko , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Kawai Kiyohiko 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRNAs especially the noncoding RNAs which lack protein‐coding capacity but have critical functions in a wide range of cellular processes have received increased attention. They are reported to be associated with normal development and physiology, and their disruption would cause cancer. RNAs are dynamic molecules and the structural transition of them is fundamental to many RNA‐involved cellular processes. The study of transition dynamics is critical to gaining knowledge on how the transition occurs, what factors govern the transition, and how to externally regulate the transition. Previously, we have reported the synthesis of sulfonated pyrene, SPy, and its application as a photoregulator for single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) looping. Herein, we studied the dynamics of single‐stranded RNA (ssRNA) looping in aqueous solution by using SPy as both a probe and a photoregulator. The rate of end‐to‐end loop formation in ssRNA regulated by SPy upon photostimulation suggests a retarding impact of the ribose 2′‐OH. The results also attest that (rU)n sequences are endowed with higher flexibility compared with (dT)n sequences and demonstrate the slowing down effect of C5‐CH3 group in thymine base on the looping dynamics of polythymine sequences. The photoregulated ssRNA looping observed herein occurs at μs to tens of μs time scales. All the findings provide important insight into the flexibility and structural transition dynamics of oligonucleotides.
Assaying the importance of system complexity for the systems engineering community
Authors: Potts Matthew W. , Sartor Pia A. , Johnson Angus , Bullock Seth 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHow should organizations approach the evaluation of system complexity at the early stages of system design in order to inform decision making? Since system complexity can be understood and approached in several different ways, such evaluation is challenging. In this study, we define the term “system complexity factors” to refer to a range of different aspects of system complexity that may contribute differentially to systems engineering outcomes. Views on the absolute and relative importance of these factors for early–life cycle system evaluation are collected and analyzed using a qualitative questionnaire of International Council on Systems Engineers (INCOSE) members (n = 55). We identified and described the following trends in the data: there is little between‐participant agreement on the relative importance of system complexity factors, even for participants with a shared background and role; participants tend to be internally consistent in their ratings of the relative importance of system complexity factors. Given the lack of alignment on the relative importance of system complexity factors, we argue that successful evaluation of system complexity can be better ensured by explicit determination and discussion of the (possibly implicit) perspective(s) on system complexity that are being taken.
Swimming alone? Why linking flood risk perception and behavior requires more than “it's the individual, stupid”
Authors: Rufat Samuel , Fekete Alexander , Armaş Iuliana , Hartmann Thomas , Kuhlicke Christian , Prior Tim , Thaler Thomas , Wisner Ben 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA common assertion in discussions of flooding is that risk perception is critical and is linked to risk‐mitigating behavior. Furthermore, many assert that the adverse effects of floods could be reduced by changes in risk communication, thereby influencing risk perception to foster mitigating behavior. We argue that these assertions are based on quite questionable underlying assumptions: That stakeholders are generally aware of flood risk, that they have the capacity to engage in disaster risk reduction, and that their actions can be effective. The belief in and policies influenced by these three questionable assertions support, in turn, policies that shift responsibility for flood risk reduction onto individuals and homeowners, without regard for social and spatial justice issues. In contrast, we argue that context matters to understanding the complexity of the relation between flood risk perception and behavior, local power relations, and other constraints and opportunities that affect stakeholders. While the academic community has long played a pivotal role in supporting practical flood risk management, future research should take a more critical perspective on the underlying assumptions and focus on improving coordination across theories, methods, and variables, fostering comparative studies across disciplines, contexts, and scales.This article is categorized under:Engineering Water > Planning WaterHuman Water > Water as Imagined and RepresentedScience of Water > Water Extremes
Swampland constraints on 5d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 supergravity
Authors: Katz Sheldon , Kim Hee-Cheol , Tarazi Houri-Christina , Vafa Cumrun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We propose Swampland constraints on consistent 5-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supergravity theories. We focus on a special class of BPS magnetic monopole strings which arise in gravitational theories. The central charges and the levels of current algebras of 2d CFTs on these strings can be calculated by anomaly inflow mechanism and used to provide constraints on the low-energy particle spectrum and the effective action of the 5d supergravity based on unitarity of the worldsheet CFT. In M-theory, where these theories are realized by compactification on Calabi-Yau 3-folds, the special monopole strings arise from wrapped M5-branes on special (“semi-ample”) 4-cycles in the threefold. We identify various necessary geometric conditions for such cycles to lead to requisite BPS strings and translate these into constraints on the low-energy theories of gravity. These and other geometric conditions, some of which can be related to unitarity constraints on the monopole worldsheet, are additional candidates for Swampland constraints on 5-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supergravity theories.
The Higgs and leptophobic force at the LHC
Authors: Pérez Pavel Fileviez , Golias Elliot , Murgui Clara , Plascencia Alexis D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Higgs boson could provide the key to discover new physics at the Large Hadron Collider. We investigate novel decays of the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson into leptophobic gauge bosons which can be light in agreement with all experimental constraints. We study the associated production of the SM Higgs and the leptophobic gauge boson that could be crucial to test the existence of a leptophobic force. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to have a simple gauge extension of the SM at the low scale, without assuming very small couplings and in agreement with all the experimental bounds that can be probed at the LHC.
Imitation of action-effects increases social affiliation
Authors: Dignath David , Born Gregory , Eder Andreas , Topolinski Sascha , Pfister Roland 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImitating someone’s actions influences social-affective evaluations and motor performance for the action model and the imitator alike. Both phenomena are explained by the similarity between the sensory and motor representations of the action. Importantly, however, theoretical accounts of action control hold that actions are represented in terms of their sensory effects, which encompass features of the movement but also features of an action’s consequence in the outside world. This suggests that social-affective consequences of imitation should not be limited to situations in which the imitator copies the model’s body movements. Rather, the present study tested whether copying the perceived action-effects of another person without imitating the eventual body movements increases the social-affective evaluation of this person. In three experiments, participants produced visual action-effects while observing videos of models who performed either the same or a different movement and produced either the same or a different action-effect. If instructions framed the action in terms of the movement, participants preferred models with similar movements (Experiment 1). However, if instructions framed the action in terms of the to-be produced action-effect in the environment, participants preferred models with similar action-effects (Experiments 2 and 3). These results extend effect-based accounts of action control like the ideomotor framework and suggest a close link between action control and affective processing in social interactions.
Mentalisierung bei Störungen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis
Authors: Richter Felix , Steinmair Dagmar , Löffler-Stastka Henriette 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Konzept der Mentalisierungsfähigkeit, etabliert ausgehend von der Theory of Mind (ToM), beinhaltet jene menschliche Fähigkeit, die eigenen mentalen Zustände (z. B. Gedanken, Gefühle, Motive) sowie entsprechend jene des Gegenübers, in einen Sinn- und Bedeutungszusammenhang zu bringen und aus diesem mehr oder weniger tiefen Verständnis hilfreiche Erklärungsmodelle für Verhalten zu generieren. Entwickeln und entfalten sich menschliche mentale Funktionen und Fähigkeiten im „Gegenseitigen-aufeinander-bezogen-Sein“, so impliziert diese Weltsicht das Individuum als im Wesentlichen sozial determiniert. Leidensdruck infolge depressiver als auch schizophreniformer Störungen resultiert ganz wesentlich aus eingeschränkter Mentalisierungsfähigkeit, dies unabhängig von der unterschiedlichen Ätiologie der genannten Störungen.Die folgenden Ausführungen legen dar, inwieweit Defizite in der Mentalisierung bei schizophreniformen Störungsbildern in Erscheinung treten. Diese Defizite sind gekennzeichnet durch eine mangelhafte Ausbildung von Metarepräsentationen und zeigen je nach Symptomatik verschiedene prämentalistische Verarbeitungsmodi und deren spezifische Ausformungen (Hypo‑/Hypermentalisieren). An einer geschilderten Fallvignette wird dies verständlich.
The Characteristic Recovery Time as a Novel, Noninvasive Metric for Assessing In Vivo Cartilage Mechanical Function
Authors: Cutcliffe Hattie C. , Davis Keithara M. , Spritzer Charles E. , DeFrate Louis 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a disease characterized by the degeneration of cartilage tissue, and is a leading cause of disability in the United States. The clinical diagnosis of OA includes the presence of pain and radiographic imaging findings, which typically do not present until advanced stages of the disease when treatment is difficult. Therefore, identifying new methods of OA detection that are sensitive to earlier pathological changes in cartilage, which may be addressed prior to the development of irreversible OA, is critical for improving OA treatment. A potentially promising avenue for developing early detection methods involves measuring the tissue’s in vivo mechanical response to loading, as changes in mechanical function are commonly observed in ex vivo studies of early OA. However, thus far the mechanical function of cartilage has not been widely assessed in vivo. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a novel methodology that can be used to measure an in vivo mechanical property of cartilage: the characteristic recovery time. Specifically, in this study we quantified the characteristic recovery time of cartilage thickness after exercise in relatively young subjects with asymptomatic cartilage. Additionally, we measured baseline cartilage thickness and T1rho and T2 relaxation times (quantitative MRI) prior to exercise in these subjects to assess whether baseline MRI measures are predictive of the characteristic recovery time, to understand whether or not the characteristic recovery time provides independent information about cartilage’s mechanical state. Our results show that the mean recovery strain response across subjects was well-characterized by an exponential approach with a characteristic time of 25.2 min, similar to literature values of human characteristic times measured ex vivo. Further, we were unable to detect a statistically significant linear relationship between the characteristic recovery time and the baseline metrics measured here (T1rho relaxation time, T2 relaxation time, and cartilage thickness). This might suggest that the characteristic recovery time has the potential to provide additional information about the mechanical state of cartilage not captured by these baseline MRI metrics. Importantly, this study presents a noninvasive methodology for quantifying the characteristic recovery time, an in vivo mechanical property of cartilage. As mechanical response may be indicative of cartilage health, this study underscores the need for future studies investigating the characteristic recovery time and in vivo cartilage mechanical response at various stages of OA.
Development and mining of a database of historic European paper properties
Authors: Strlič Matija , Liu Yun , Lichtblau Dirk Andreas , De Bruin Gerrit , Knight Barry , Winther Thea , Kralj Cigić Irena , Brereton Richard G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA database of historic paper properties was developed using 729 samples of European origin (1350–1990), analysed for acidity, degree or polymerisation (DP), molecular weight of cellulose, grammage, tensile strength, as well as contents of ash, aluminium, carbonyl groups, rosin, protein, lignin and fibre furnish. Using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and principal component analysis, the data were examined with respect to methods of manufacture, as well as chemical stability of paper. Novel patterns emerged related to loss of DP and accumulation of carbonyl groups and acidity with time and the role of lignin and rosin, as well as rate of degradation (k = 10−5 year−1) at room conditions. In-depth understanding of long-term degradation of lignin and rosin is needed to better understand the relationships between composition and degradation of historic paper. This study highlights the importance of mining significant volumes of analytical data, and its variability, obtained from real historic objects.