bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epicurus’ “Kinetic” and “Katastematic” Pleasures. A Reappraisal
Authors: Liebersohn Yosef Z. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper I shall offer new definitions for what seem to be the most dominant terms in Epicurus’ theory of pleasures - “kinetic” and “katastematic”. While most of the scholarly literature treats these terms as entirely concerned with states of motion and states of stability, I shall argue that the distinction concerns whether pain is or is not removed by this or that pleasure. As the removal of pain is a necessary condition for the Epicurean goal of ataraxia and aponia, “katastematic” pleasure, having to do with the removal of pain, is the necessary pleasure pertaining both to the process of removing pain and to its result, namely the absence of pain, while “kinetic” pleasure is an unnecessary pleasure having nothing to do with the removal of pain, e.g. it starts after pain has been removed. If my analysis and interpretation prove correct, the two conventional classifications - “kinetic-katastematic” and “necessary-unnecessary” - turn out to be referring to the same phenomenon and are aspects of one classification. Moreover, this new interpretation resolves some of the main problems arising from our testimonia concerning “kinetic” and “katastematic” pleasures.
Verità e opinione in Platone. Una nuova edizione della Doxa di Yvon Lafrance
Authors: Fronterotta Francesco 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper, I discuss the new edition of Y. Lafrance’s La théorie platonicienne de la Doxa (first edition 1981), trying to examine the Author’s reconstruction and interpretation of Plato’s conception of δόξα in the dialogues.
Conflicts of Atomisms. Some Major Differences between Democritus and Colotes
Authors: Piergiacomi Enrico 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The paper compares the thought of Democritus and that of Colotes. It is argued that the two thinkers diverge at least in three noteworthy respects: 1) they disagree about the nature of knowledge, for Democritus identifies it with a process which goes from raw (and untrustworthy) sensation to intellectual understanding, whereas Colotes affirms the truth of every sensation and its fundamental role in the use of reason; 2) they have contrary opinions on the practice of “pleasing”, since the former totally rejects this as a damaging form of obsequiousness, while the latter allows a form of pleasing which is good, i.e. which can lead to pleasure and security; 3) they describe death differently, for Democritus affirms that it consists in the loss of most of the soul atoms (which also allows, to a certain degree, the phenomenon of the “return to life”), whereas Colotes may have followed Epicurus in depicting death as the complete loss of soul particles. Such an investigation suggests, on both historical and philosophical grounds, that Democritus and Colotes did not embrace the same kind of atomism, but two atomisms, which start from different premises and pursue different goals.
Platonic and Stoic Dialectic in Philo
Authors: Filler Elad 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper, dealing with Platonic and Stoic dialectic in Philo, I wish to make a proposal that may offer some solution to the problem of the surprising absence of a proper use of the dialectic of the late Platonic dialogues in Philo’s works. Philonic scholars have not, to the best of my knowledge, raised this question; but Philo’s very rare allusions to Plato’s later dialogues were noted in David T. Runia’s comprehensive study on Philo and Plato’s Timaeus.
Unterwelt und Purgatorium
Authors: Hübner Wolfgang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this thesis the different notions of Hades that appear in the heterogeneous works of gre co-roman literature are in quired and interpreted with enormous scrutiny. The philosophical texts are written mostly by Plato and the Platonists (in particular Heraclides Ponticus, Plutarchus, and Proclus). They have to be compared with Christian ideas of purgatory originating in the early Middle Ages. Eschatology must be explained not only with regard to the cosmologies, that change during the centuries, but also on a solid base of astronomical and astrological knowledge.
Small Stories, Local Places: A Place-Oriented Approach to Rural Crises
Authors: Edwards Gemma 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSince the British EU Referendum in 2016, there has been an ongoing media narrative of division: Remain voters against Leave voters, experts against ordinary people, the capital rich against the capital poor, and metropolitan centres against regional peripheries. This article explores the way in which theatre might offer a response to the perceived failure in understanding between these entrenched positions, using the lens of place. Making an argument for an ideological and dramaturgical shift from questions of voice – which have so far dominated theatrical critical discourse in response to Brexit – to place, I explore the potential of this change in focus and scale in relation to Matt Hartley’s play Here I Belong (2016) which toured with Pentabus Theatre – a professional rural touring company from the Midlands – to rural communities across England in 2016 and 2018. It is through this contact with rural communities that I propose that theatre can make a critical intervention: telling smaller stories about local places offers a way to reconnect with such communities during this crisis of communication.
Multifunctional carriers for controlled drug delivery
Authors: Yaroslavov Alexander A. , Sybachin Andrey V. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the review we describe a method for concentration of anionic liposomes with encapsulated water-soluble substances within a small volume via electrostatic liposome adsorption on the surface of polymer particles with grafted cationic chains (spherical polycationic brushes), or cationic microgel particles. Dozens of intact liposomes can be bound to each polymer particle, the resulting polymer/liposome complex does not dissociate into the original components in a physiological solution. This allows fabrication of multi-liposomal complexes (MLCs) with a required ratio of encapsulated substances. Two approaches are discussed for the synthesis of stimuli-sensitive MLCs. The first is to incorporate the conformation switch, morpholinocyclohexanol-based lipid, into the liposomal membrane thus forming pH-sensitive liposomes capable of releasing their cargo when acidifying the surrounding solution. These liposomes complexed with the brushes release encapsulated substances much faster than the uncomplexed liposomes. The second is to adsorb liposomes on cationic thermo-responsive microgels. The resulting MLCs contracts upon heating over a volume phase transition temperature from the swollen to the collapsed state of microgel, thus causing the adsorbed liposomes to change drastically their morphology and release an encapsulated substance. Complexation of anionic liposomes with chitosan microgels and polylactide micelles gives MLCs which degrade in the presence of enzymes down to small particles, 10–15 nm in diameter. A novel promising approach suggests that immobilized liposomes can act as a capacious depot for biologically active compounds and ensure their controllable leakage to surrounding solution.
Some aspects of the formation and structural features of low nuclearity heterometallic carboxylates
Authors: Sidorov Aleksey A. , Gogoleva Natalia V. , Bazhina Evgeniya S. , Nikolaevskii Stanislav A. , Shmelev Maksim A. , Zorina-Tikhonova Ekaterina N. , Starikov Andrey G. , Kiskin Mikhail A. , Eremenko Igor L. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Heterometallic carboxylate complexes are of paramount interest in pure and applied coordination chemistry. Despite that plurality of such type compounds have been published to date, synthetic aspects of their chemistry often remain in the shadow of intriguing physical properties manifesting by these species. Present review summarizes reliable data on direct synthesis of low nuclearity molecular compounds as well as coordination polymers on their base with carboxylate-bridged {M2Mg} (M = Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+), {M2Li2} (M = Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, VO2+), {M2Ln2} and {M2Ln} (M = Cu2+, Zn2+, Co2+) metal cores. Structural features and stabilization factors are considered and principal outcomes are confirmed by quantum-chemical calculations. Particular attention is paid to consideration of ligand-exchange reactions that allow controllable modification of heterometallic metal core under mild conditions giving diverse molecular complexes with modified ligand environment or Metal-Organic Frameworks with permanent porosity.
Efficient algorithm for testing goodness-of-fit for classification of high dimensional data
Authors: Jakimauskas Gintautas 
Published: May 2020

Let us have a sample satisfying d-dimensional Gaussian mixture model (d is supposed to be large). The problem of classification of the sample is considered. Because of large dimension it is natural to project the sample to k-dimensional (k = 1, 2, . . .) linear subspaces using projection pursuit method which gives the best selection of these subspaces. Having an estimate of the discriminant subspace we can perform classification using projected sample thus avoiding ’curse of dimensionality’. An essential step in this method is testing goodness-of-fit of the estimated d-dimensional model assuming that distribution on the complement space is standard Gaussian. We present a simple, data-driven and computationally efficient procedure for testing goodness-of-fit. The procedure is based on well-known interpretation of testing goodness-of-fit as the classification problem, a special sequential data partition procedure, randomization and resampling, elements of sequentialtesting.Monte-Carlosimulations are used to assess the performance of the procedure.
Exact bounds for tail probabilities of martingales with bounded differences
Authors: Dzindzalieta Dainius 
Published: May 2020

We consider random walks, say Wn = {0, M1, . . ., Mn} of length n starting at 0 and based on a martingale sequence Mk = X1 + ··· + Xk with differences Xm. Assuming |Xk| \leq 1 we solve the isoperimetric problem
Bn(x) = supP\{Wn visits an interval [x,∞)\}, (1)
where sup is taken over all possible Wn. We describe random walks which maximize the probability in (1). We also extend the results to super-martingales.For martingales our results can be interpreted as a maximalinequalitiesP\{max 1\leq k\leq n Mk \geq x\} \leq Bn(x).The maximal inequality is optimal since the equality is achieved by martingales related to the maximizing random walks. To prove the result we introduce a general principle – maximal inequalities for (natural classes of) martingales are equivalent to (seemingly weaker) inequalities for tail probabilities, in our caseBn(x) = supP{Mn \geq x}.Our methods are similar in spirit to a method used in [1], where a solution of an isoperimetric problem (1), for integer x is provided and to the method used in [4], where the isoperimetric problem of type (1) for conditionally symmetric bounded martingales was solved for all x ∈ R.
On measure concentration in graph products
Authors: Šileikis Matas 
Published: May 2020

Bollobás and Leader [1] showed that among the n-fold products of connected graphs of order k the one with minimal t-boundary is the grid graph. Given any product graph G and a set A of its vertices that contains at least half of V (G), the number of vertices at a distance at least t from A decays (as t grows) at a rate dominated by P(X1 + . . . + Xn \geq t) where Xi are some simple i.i.d. random variables. Bollobás and Leader used the moment generating function to get an exponentialbound for this probability. We insert a missing factor in the estimate by using a somewhat more subtle technique (cf. [3]).
Comparative Basic-Words of Standard Arabic Palestinian and Tunisian
Authors: Suparno Darsita , Iroth Santje Inneke , Chairul Syifa Fauzia , Azwar Muhammad 
Published: May 2020

This paper studies comparative linguistics on the process of word-formation that occurs in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), Palestinian Arabic (PLS), and Tunisian Arabic (TNS). It is addressed to portray the process of the verb, adjective, and noun formation in three Arabic languages by using Plag’s theory and to identify sameness and contrariness of basic words by using Hock’s theory. This study used 220 of Morris Swadesh's basic vocabulary as the main guidelines for obtaining data. The criteria were adopted to analyze the data were orthographic, sound-change, phonological and morpheme contrast. This research used descriptive qualitative. The source of the data was basic-word vocabulary. The data were gathered by conducting an in-depth interview with five post-graduate students of the Arabic Department at Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta as informants to get information. The data were analyzed by using structural linguistics, especially phonology, morphology, and semantics. This investigation informed several aspects of findings such as processes of cognates, back-formation, phonological variations, prefixes, clipping, derivation, acronym, loanword, blending, and metathesis of MSA, PLS and TNS. Using the Swadesh vocabulary list, the results of this study found 207 vocabularies for each language, such as MSA, Tunisian, and Palestinian. Using word categorization, it has found that these vocabularies have categorized into five words classes, namely, nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, determiner.
Pencegahan Primer Membentuk Masyarakat Sehat Di Era Covid-19
Authors: Fitriasari Nikma 
Published: May 2020

The situation of the growth of COVID-19 cases is very fast in Indonesia. Primary prevention efforts become the most appropriate prevention because there is no drug for COVID-19 therapy. This research aims to further study the proper and rational primary prevention to establish a healthy society as an effort to prevent transmission of COVID-19. Primary prevention can be done in the form of health promotion and special protection. Primary prevention through promotion is done by selectively selecting information from social media, applying a cough ethic, consumption of nutritious food, and exercise. Primary prevention through special protection is done by resignation. cleaning hands regularly, using masks, social distancing and self-isolation, and avoiding unprotected contact with wild animals.Keyword: COVID-19, primary prevention, healthy society Abstrak Situasi pertumbuhan kasus COVID-19 sangat cepat di Indonesia. Upaya pencegahan primer menjadi pencegahan yang paling tepat karena belum ada obat untuk COVID-19. Penelitia ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji lebih jauh tentang pencegahan primer yang tepat dan rasional untuk membentuk masyarakat sehat sebagai upaya pencegahan penularan kasus COVID-19. Pencegahan primer dapat dilakukan berupa promosi kesehatan dan perlindungan khusus. Pencegahan primer melalui promosi dilakukan dengan selektif memilih informasi dari media sosial, menerapkan etika batuk, konsumsi makanan bergizi, dan olahraga. Pencegahan primer melalui perlindungan khusus dilakukan dengan resignasi. membersihkan tangan secara rutin, menggunakan masker, social distancing dan isolasi diri, serta menghindari kontak tanpa pelindung dengan hewan liar.Kata Kunci: COVID-19, pencegahan primer, masyarakat sehat
Filtros mentales, coaching y Atención Temprana centrada en la familia
Authors: Orcajada Sánchez Noelia , García Sánchez Francisco Alberto 
Published: May 2020

El profesional de Atención Temprana que implementa unas Prácticas Centradas en la Familia, lo hace convencido de los buenos resultados de estas prácticas. De ello dejan evidencia tanto estudios originales como trabajos de revisión sistemática y meta-análisis. Ahora bien, el profesional siempre presenta dudas en torno a su propia práctica y a su capacidad para alcanzar el nivel de implicación que quiere de las familias. Entender la interpretación del adulto sobre su realidad y sus competencias, ayuda al profesional a ponerse en el lugar de las familias, para conseguir su implicación desde su perspectiva y lenguaje propios. En este artículo abordaremos la identificación y comprensión de los filtros del adulto. Esto se hará dentro de unas estrategias de coaching adaptadas a las necesidades de la Atención Temprana, que será de especial utilidad para favorecer la reflexión en las familias.*** Filtros Mentais, coaching e Intervenção Precoce centrada na família *** O profissional de Intervenção Precoce que implementa práticas centradas na família o faz convencido dos bons resultados dessas práticas. Para tanto, busca evidências tanto em estudos originais, quanto em revisões sistemáticas e de meta-análise. No entanto, o profissional sempre apresenta dúvidas sobre sua própria prática e sua capacidade de atingir o nível de envolvimento que deseja das famílias. Compreender a interpretação que o adulto faz sobre sua realidade e suas competências ajuda o profissional a se colocar no lugar da família, de modo a conseguir seu envolvimento a partir de sua própria perspectiva e linguagem. Neste artigo, abordaremos a identificação e o entendimento dos filtros do adulto. Isso será feito dentro de estratégias de treinamento adaptadas às necessidades da Intervenção Precoce, que serão especialmente úteis para incentivar a reflexão nas famílias. Palavras-chave: filtros mentais, coaching, Intervenção Precoce
Podwójne ubezpieczenie tego samego przedmiotu ubezpieczenia przy ubezpieczeniu odpowiedzialności cywilnej
Authors: Malarczyk Magdalena 
Published: May 2020

W artykule przedstawiona została instytucja podwójnego ubezpieczenia. Autorka scharakteryzowała umowę ubezpieczenia – pojęcie, obowiązki stron umowy i rodzaje ubezpieczeń. Następnie opisano instytucję podwójnego ubezpieczenia w Kodeksie cywilnym oraz wykazano istnienie luki w prawie w przypadku podwójnego ubezpieczenia odpowiedzialności cywilnej.
Kolejno autorka przeanalizowała możliwość analogicznego stosowania art. 518 k.c., art. 376 § 1 k.c., art. 441 k.c., art. 828 k.c., art. 405 k.c. oraz art. 8241 k.c. w celu wyeliminowania wspomnianej luki w prawie. W ten sposób poczyniono analizę przepisów prawnych poprzez możliwość ich analogicznego zastosowania w przypadku podwójnego ubezpieczenia odpowiedzialności cywilnej, której efektem jest wykazanie przez autorkę, że do omawianej instytucji zastosowanie powinien znaleźć art. 8241 k.c. stosowany per analogiam.
Права ребенка в Украине и Польше: правовой и социологический компаративный анализ
Authors: Prots Aleksandra 
Published: May 2020

Prawa dziecka na Ukrainie i w Polsce: komparatystyka prawno-socjologiczna
W artykule rozpatrywane jest zagadnienie praw dziecka, ich klasyfikacja zgodnie z międzynarodowymi standardami w ustawodawstwie Ukrainy i Polski. Na podstawie wyników przeprowadzonych badań socjologicznych wskazano, w jaki sposób dzieci na Ukrainie i w Polsce same oceniają przestrzeganie ich praw w rodzinie, szkole oraz ogólnie w państwie. Została stwierdzona słuszność zapożyczenia pozytywnego doświadczenia państw europejskich, m.in. Polski, w zakresie ochrony praw, wolności i interesów prawnych dzieci.
Sposób kreacji Prezesa Narodowego Banku Polskiego w ujęciu historyczno prawnym
Authors: Zych Radosław 
Published: May 2020

Celem niniejszego artykułu było zbadanie sposobu kreacji (powoływania i odwoływania) Prezesa Narodowego Banku Polskiego w kontekście pozycji ustrojowej polskiego banku centralnego – jako okoliczności mającej istotne znaczenie dla funkcjonowania Banku i jego Prezesa. W prowadzonych badaniach zastosowana została metoda historyczno-prawna oraz językowa. Zbadane zostały polskie akty normatywne różnej rangi, akty prawa międzynarodowego, polskie orzecznictwo sądowe oraz literatura w zakresie wyznaczonym tytułem artykułu.
Narodowy Bank Polski został powołany na podstawie dekretu z 1945 r. Jednak idea jego utworzenia pojawiła się w 1944 r., mimo to ustrojodawca nie uwzględnił go w przepisach małej konstytucji z 1947 r. Stan pominięcia NBP przez akt normatywny o najwyższej randze ustrojowej trwał stosunkowo długo. Sposób kreowania Prezesa NBP przechodził ewolucję, która wynikała z częstych zmian prawa odnośnie do tej materii.
W podsumowaniu wypada zaakcentować najważniejsze konkluzje. Moim zdaniem, nieopublikowanie przez rząd w Monitorze Polskim statutu NBP z listopada 1959 r. spowodowane było świadomością przyjęcia na poziomie uchwały regulacji contra legem wynikających z art. 6 ust. 4 ustawy o NBP z 1958 r. odnoszących się do sposobu kreacji Prezesa NBP. Ustawy z 1982 r. zrywały z długoletnią praktyką podporządkowania NBP organom wykonawczym na rzecz kreowania go przez Sejm. Mała Konstytucja z 1992 r. była pierwszym aktem tej rangi, który regulował elementy funkcjonowania banku centralnego. Jednak pełniejsze postanowienia w tej materii zawiera Konstytucja RP z 1997 r. Współcześnie, tryb powoływania i kadencja Prezesa NBP zyskały rangę konstytucyjną, co utrudnia możliwość dokonywania zmian w tej materii. De lege ferenda, rozważenia wymaga postulat konstytucjonalizacji także trybu odwołania Prezesa NBP.
Cost of hospitalisation and length of stay due to hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Naser Abdallah Y. , Alwafi Hassan , Alsairafi Zahra 
Published: May 2020

Objective: This study aims to estimate the length of stay and hospitalisation cost of hypoglycaemia, and to identify determinants of variation in the length of stay and hospitalisation cost among individual patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using inpatients records for patients with diabetes mellitus who had been hospitalised due to hypoglycaemic events in two private hospitals in Amman, Jordan between January 2009 and May 2017. All hospitalisation costs were inflated to the equivalent costs in 2017. Hospitalisation cost was estimated from the patient’s perspective in Jordanian dinars (JOD). Descriptive analyses and correlation between sociodemographic or clinical characteristics with the cost and length of stay were explored. Predictors of hypoglycaemic hospitalisation cost and length of stay were determined using logistic regression.
Results: During the study period a total of 126 patients with diabetes mellitus were hospitalised due to an incident of hypoglycaemia. The mean patient age was 64.2 (SD=19.6) years; half were male. Patients admitted for hypoglycaemia stayed in hospital for a median duration of two days (IQR=2 days). The median cost of hospitalisation for hypoglycaemia was 163.2 JOD (USD 230.1) (IQR=216.3 JOD). We found that the Glasgow coma score was positively associated with length of stay (0.345, p=0.008), and older age was correlated with higher hospitalisation cost (0.207, p=0.02). Patients with a family history of diabetes had higher hospitalisation costs and longer duration of stay (0.306 and 0.275, p<0.05). In addition, being a male patient (0.394, p<0.05) and with an absence of smoking history was associated with longer duration of stay (0.456, p<0.01), but not with higher hospitalisation cost.
Conclusions: Costs associated with the incidence of hypoglycaemic events are not low and constitute a large cost component of managing and treating diabetes mellitus. Male patients and patients having a family history of diabetes should receive extra care and education on the prevention of hypoglycaemic events, and a treatment de-intensification approach should be considered if necessary, so we can prevent its associated hospitalisation costs and length of stay.