bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Snacking in Japanese nursery school children aged 3–6 years: its characteristics and contribution to overall dietary intake
Authors: Tajima Ryoko , Murakami Kentaro , Asakura Keiko , Fujiwara Aya , Uechi Ken , Sugimoto Minami , Wang Han-Chieh , Masayasu Shizuko , Sasaki Satoshi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:This cross-sectional study evaluated the dietary characteristics of snacks, the contribution of snacks to daily nutrient intake and the association of energy intake (EI) from snacks with the prevalence of nutritional inadequacy in Japanese nursery school children.Design:Foods and nutrients consumed in each eating occasion were assessed by 3-d dietary records. The prevalence of inadequate intake of twenty nutrients assessed by the age- and sex-specific reference values in the Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes was compared according to tertile categories of EI from snacks.Setting:A multi-regional dietary survey based on nursery schools in Japan.ParticipantsA total of 187 boys and 191 girls aged 3–6 years.Results:EI from snacks accounted for 19·5 % (sd 6·9) of total daily EI. Confectionaries accounted for the largest part of EI from snacks (35·3 %), followed by milk (19·5 %). Relative to their energy contribution, snacks accounted for a small proportion for all nutrients examined, except for free sugar, calcium, SFA and riboflavin. Although a higher EI from snacks was associated with favourable profiles for intakes of calcium, iron, thiamine and riboflavin, excessive intakes of free sugar and Na were more prevalent among children with a higher EI from snacks.Conclusions:Although snacks are effective in meeting the requirement of some nutrients among Japanese nursery school children, snacks are generally not nutrient-dense and have an impact on excessive intake of some nutrients. There is hence room for improvement in food choices at snack time.
Telocytes in Different Organs of Vertebrates: Potential Essence Cells of the Meridian in Chinese Traditional Medicine
Authors: Yonghong Shi , Ruizhi Wu , Yue Zhang , Xuebing Bai , Tarique Imran , Chunhua Liang , Ping Yang , Qiusheng Chen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTelocytes (TCs) are very long, non-neuronal, somatic cells whose function is widely believed to be involved in providing connections between different cells within the body. The cellular characteristics of TCs in various organs have been studied by immunohistochemistry, double immunofluorescence and electron microscopy in different vertebrate species, and here we investigate the proposed properties of these cells in the context of the “meridian” in Chinese Traditional Medicine (CTM). The results show that TCs and their long extensions, telopodes (Tps) develop a complicated network by homo- and heterocellular junctions in the connective tissue throughout the body, which can connect the skin with distant organs. In concept, this is the analogue of ancient meridian maps connecting skin acupoints with the viscera. Various active cells and extracellular vesicles including exosomes move along Tps, which, along with developed mitochondria within the podoms of Tps, may account for the structural evidence for “Qi” (vital energy and signal communication) in CTM. Morphological associations of TCs with the nerve, vascular, endocrine, and immune systems are also compatible with previously proposed meridian theories in CTM. Close relationships exist between TCs and collagen fiber bundles and some structures in skin fascia provide the microanatomical support for acupuncture treatment based on the meridian principle. The dynamicity in the distribution and structure of TCs reflects the plasticity of the meridian at the cellular level. As the same attribute, both the meridian and the TC have been associated with various diseases. Here, we summarize structural analogues between the TC and the meridian, suggesting that TCs have the cytological characteristics of the CTM meridian. We, therefore, hypothesize that TCs are the “essence cells” of the CTM meridian, which can connect and integrate different cells and structures in the connective tissue.
From The Law Librarian to Legal Information Management, from Bulletin to Journal: a Jubilee Year
Authors: Wills David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLegal Information Management has reached 50 years since it was launched, under a different name, by the British and Irish Association of Law Librarians (BIALL). In this article the current editor of the journal, David Wills, reviews the history of the journal from its launch in spring 1970 when it took the name The Law Librarian, and describes how it has evolved, often reflecting the changing nature of the legal information profession in those intervening years. He follows the journey as this periodical developed from small beginnings, explains how it was enhanced by successive editors, why it became necessary to change its title in 2001 and describes the move to the current publisher, Cambridge University Press in 2004. He reflects on the current status of the journal, as an electronic product while also retaining its profile in print and, finally, he draws attention to some possible challenges for the future.
A Critical Analysis of the Significance of the eCourts Information Systems in Indian Courts
Authors: Mahibha G. , Balasubramanian P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTechnological developments and scientific innovations have enhanced the way people live and work. Courts are places where people seek justice and millions of cases across the globe are examined every day, and judgments are delivered. The courts system in India is on a vast and complex scale. The application and dissemination of information in India has been spreading at a faster pace over the past few decades. This has set the stage for the computerisation of courts to enhance transparency and efficiency in the Indian judicial system. The Indian sub-continent is a highly populated nation and from 2007 the government of India began implementing the eCourts Project as a citizen-centric initiative for expeditious and affordable justice delivery. This article analyses the various dimensions involved in the eCourts process and explains its significance in the justice delivery system in India. In also looks at the various challenges of implementing such a vast system across judicial system of India.
The Impact of SST on the Zonal Variability of the Western Pacific Subtropical High in Boreal Summer
Authors: Li Hong , Xu Fanghua , Lin Yanluan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSummertime western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) is closely related to remote sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in the tropical oceans (TO) and local SSTA in the western North Pacific (WNP). Based on atmospheric reanalysis and multimodel ensemble products, the warming (cooling) of the tropical Indian, tropical central‐eastern Pacific, and tropical Atlantic (tropical western Pacific and WNP) can lead to westward extension of the WPSH, and vice versa. A series of numerical experiments are conducted to quantify the relative importance of remote and local SSTA, including the separate impact of different TO basins. In response to warming (cooling) of the tropical Indian, tropical central‐eastern (western) Pacific, and tropical Atlantic, ascending (descending) motions develop locally and subsequently excite remote baroclinic and barotropic responses. The baroclinic anticyclone west of 140°E contributes to the westward extension of the WPSH. The barotropic anticyclone and descending motion over the WNP can further increase the sea level pressure and strengthen the WPSH. Based on the quasi‐geostrophic omega equation, we find that the anomalous vorticity advection (thermal advection) primarily accounts for the anomalous descending motion in response to remote (local) SSTA. Compared to local SSTA, the remote SSTA can induce larger perturbations, subsequently making the zonal variability of the WPSH more significant. Furthermore, it is found that the westward extension of the WPSH is primarily induced by atmospheric baroclinic (barotropic) response to the SSTA in tropical Indian and tropical Atlantic (tropical Pacific). Overall, the tropical Indian plays the most important role on the zonal movement of the WPSH.
Dynamic Driving Forces of India's Emissions From Production and Consumption Perspectives
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Meng Jing , Guan Dabo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhile India becomes one of the largest carbon emitters in the world with a high emission growth rate, existing studies fail to capture the recent trends and the key driving factors behind it. Here, by using multiregional input‐output analysis and structural decomposition analysis, we measure the contribution of factors to the changes of India's domestic consumption and trade‐related emissions. This study finds that India's per capita consumption has a significant raising effect on India's consumption‐based emissions during 2000–2014; increasing coal proportion (especially in industry and electricity) and ineffective energy efficiency (especially in electricity) continuously push India's production‐based emissions upwards after 2003. Meanwhile, India's domestic industrial chain shows increasing and decreasing effects on domestic consumption and export‐related emissions after 2011, respectively. India's forward industrial chain always drives export‐related emissions upwards. In addition, the major contributor of final demand in domestic consumption emissions transfers from capital investment to household consumption after 2008, while the increasing power of services in export‐related emissions rapidly fades in the same period. India's climbing import‐related emissions embodied in final products shift to light industries, and the intermediate products shift to heavy industries and constructions over time.
The emerging roles of WBP2 oncogene in human cancers
Authors: Tabatabaeian Hossein , Rao Angad , Ramos Alisha , Chu Tinghine , Sudol Marius , Lim Yoon Pin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWW domain-binding protein 2 (WBP2) is an emerging oncoprotein. Over the past decade, WBP2 surfaced as a key node connecting key signaling pathways associated with ER/PR, EGFR, PI3K, Hippo, and Wnt in cancer. In addition to the oncogenic functions of WBP2, this review discusses the latest research regarding the multilevel regulation and modes of action of WBP2 and how they can be exploited for molecular medicine. In translational research, evidence supports the role of WBP2 as a biomarker for early detection, prognosis, and companion diagnostics in breast cancer. Finally, we envision new trends in WBP2 research in the space of molecular etiology of cancer, targeted therapeutics, and precision medicine.
Longer term follow-up of the randomized phase III trial SWOG S0777: bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone vs. lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients (Pts) with previously untreated multiple myeloma without an intent for immediate autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT)
Authors: Durie Brian G. M. , Hoering Antje , Sexton Rachael , Abidi Muneer H. , Epstein Joshua , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Dispenzieri Angela , Kahanic Stephen P. , Thakuri Mohan C. , Reu Frederic J. , Reynolds Christopher M. , Orlowski Robert Z. , Barlogie Bart 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSWOG S0777, a randomized phase III trial, compared bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone (VRd) with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd). This updated analysis includes 460 patients evaluable for survival endpoints: 225 eligible and analyzable patients were randomized to Rd and 235 to VRd. The 6-month induction was six 28-day cycles of Rd and eight 21-day cycles of VRd followed by Rd maintenance for all patients. Median follow up is 84 months. Median PFS is 41 months for VRd and 29 months for Rd: stratified hazard ratio (96% Wald Confidence Interval) was 0.742 (0.594, 0.928) and one-sided stratified log-rankP-value 0.003. Median OS for VRd is still not reached with median OS for Rd being 69 months: stratified hazard ratio (96% Wald Confidence Interval) was 0.709 (0.543, 0.926) and stratified two-sidedP-value was 0.0114. Both PFS and OS were improved with VRd versus Rd adjusting for age (P-values: 0.013 [PFS]; 0.033 [OS])). Median duration of Rd maintenance was 17.1 months. The addition of bortezomib to lenalidomide dexamethasone for induction therapy results in a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in PFS as well as better OS. VRd continues to represent an appropriate standard of care irrespective of age.
GALNT6 promotes invasion and metastasis of human lung adenocarcinoma cells through O-glycosylating chaperone protein GRP78
Authors: Song Jing , Liu Wenwen , Wang Jianzhen , Hao Junxia , Wang Yingyan , You Xin , Du Xiaohui , Zhou Yang , Ben Jing , Zhang Xinri , Ye Mingliang , Wang Qi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma remains a threat to human health due to its high rate of recurrence and distant metastasis. However, the molecular mechanism underlying lung adenocarcinoma metastasis remains yet incompletely understood. Here, we show that upregulated expression of polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase6 (GALNT6) in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. In lung adenocarcinoma cells, GALNT6 over-expression promoted epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), wound healing, and invasion which could be significantly reversed by GALNT6 silencing. GALNT6 silencing also mitigated the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma and prolonged the survival of xenograft tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, GALNT6 directly interacted with, and O-glycosylated chaperone protein GRP78, which promoted EMT by enhancing the MEK1/2/ERK1/2 signaling in lung cancer cells. Therefore, GALNT6 is emerging as novel positive regulator for the malignancy of human lung adenocarcinoma. Targeting GALNT6-GRP78-MEK1/2/ERK1/2 may thus represent a new avenue to develop therapeutics against lung cancer metastasis.
SETDB1 promotes the progression of colorectal cancer via epigenetically silencing p21 expression
Authors: Cao Nan , Yu Yali , Zhu Hua , Chen Meng , Chen Ping , Zhuo Mingxing , Mao Yujuan , Li Lianyun , Zhao Qiu , Wu Min , Ye Mei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSETDB1, a histone H3K9 methyltransferase, has been reported to be upregulated in a variety of tumors and promotes cancer development. However, the exact pathogenesis of SETDB1 in human colorectal cancer (CRC) is hitherto unknown. Here, we showed that SETDB1 expression was highly amplified in CRC. Functionally, SETDB1 downregulation in SW480 and HCT116 cells reduced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and increased CRC cells apoptosis. In contrast, SETDB1 overexpression promoted CRC cells proliferation, migration, and invasion. High expression of SETDB1 was associated with a more aggressive phenotype in vitro. Flow cytometry showed that cell cycle was arrested in G1 phase after SETDB1 silencing. Furthermore, depletion of SETDB1 in vivo suppressed CRC cells proliferation. Mechanistically, p21 was identified as the target of SETDB1. After transfected with siSETDB1, expression of p21 was distinctly increased. In contrast, expression of p21 was significantly decreased after overexpression SETDB1. We also showed that SETDB1 could be involved in the regulation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCT116 cells. Moreover, we confirmed that SETDB1 could regulate the activity of p21 promoter by dual-luciferase repoter assay, and proved that SETDB1 could bind to the promoter of p21 and regulate its H3K9me3 enrichment level by ChIP-PCR experiment. Finally, we verified that silencing of SETDB1 inhibited CRC tumorigenesis in vivo. In conclusion, our results indicate that SETDB1 is a major driver of CRC development and might provide a new therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of CRC.
The micropeptide LEMP plays an evolutionarily conserved role in myogenesis
Authors: Wang Lantian , Fan Jing , Han Lili , Qi Haonan , Wang Yimin , Wang Hongye , Chen Suli , Du Lei , Li Sheng , Zhang Yunbin , Tang Wei , Ge Gaoxiang , Pan Weijun , Hu Ping , Cheng Hong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn recent years, micropeptides have been increasingly identified as important regulators in various biological processes. However, whether micropeptides are functionally conserved remains largely unknown. Here, we uncovered a micropeptide with evolutionarily conserved roles in myogenesis. RNA-seq data analysis of proliferating mouse satellite cells (SCs) and differentiated myotubes identified a previously annotated lncRNA, MyolncR4 (1500011K16RIK), which is upregulated during muscle differentiation. Significantly, MyolncR4 is highly conserved across vertebrate species. Multiple lines of evidence demonstrate that MyolncR4 encodes a 56-aa micropeptide, which was named as LEMP (lncRNA encoded micropeptide). LEMP promotes muscle formation and regeneration in mouse. In zebrafish, MyolncR4 is enriched in developing somites and elimination of LEMP results in impaired muscle development, which could be efficiently rescued by expression of the mouse LEMP. Interestingly, LEMP is localized at both the plasma membrane and mitochondria, and associated with multiple mitochondrial proteins, suggestive of its involvement in mitochondrial functions. Together, our work uncovers a micropeptide that plays an evolutionarily conserved role in skeletal muscle differentiation, pinpointing the functional importance of this growing family of small peptides.
Lipid-encapsulated siRNA for hepatocyte-directed treatment of advanced liver disease
Authors: Woitok Marius Maximilian , Zoubek Miguel Eugenio , Doleschel Dennis , Bartneck Matthias , Mohamed Mohamed Ramadan , Kießling Fabian , Lederle Wiltrud , Trautwein Christian , Cubero Francisco Javier 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLipid-based RNA nanocarriers have been recently accepted as a novel therapeutic option in humans, thus increasing the therapeutic options for patients. Tailored nanomedicines will enable to treat chronic liver disease (CLD) and end-stage liver cancer, disorders with high mortality and few treatment options. Here, we investigated the curative potential of gene therapy of a key molecule in CLD, the c-Jun N-terminal kinase-2 (Jnk2). Delivery to hepatocytes was achieved using a lipid-based clinically employable siRNA formulation that includes a cationic aminolipid to knockdownJnk2(namedsiJnk2). After assessing the therapeutic potential ofsiJnk2treatment, non-invasive imaging demonstrated reduced apoptotic cell death and improved hepatocarcinogenesis was evidenced by improved liver parenchyma as well as ameliorated markers of hepatic damage, reduced fibrogenesis in 1-year-old mice. Strikingly, chronicsiJnk2treatment reduced premalignant nodules, indicative of tumor initiation. Furthermore,siJnk2treatment led to a significant activation of the immune cell compartment. In conclusion,Jnk2knockdown in hepatocytes ameliorated hepatitis, fibrogenesis, and initiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and hence might be a suitable therapeutic option, to define novel molecular targets for precision medicine in CLD.
A transition to stable one-dimensional swimming enhances E. coli motility through narrow channels
Authors: Vizsnyiczai Gaszton , Frangipane Giacomo , Bianchi Silvio , Saglimbeni Filippo , Dell’Arciprete Dario , Di Leonardo Roberto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLiving organisms often display adaptive strategies that allow them to move efficiently even in strong confinement. With one single degree of freedom, the angle of a rotating bundle of flagella, bacteria provide one of the simplest examples of locomotion in the living world. Here we show that a purely physical mechanism, depending on a hydrodynamic stability condition, is responsible for a confinement induced transition between two swimming states inE. coli. While in large channels bacteria always crash onto confining walls, when the cross section falls below a threshold, they leave the walls to move swiftly on a stable swimming trajectory along the channel axis. We investigate this phenomenon for individual cells that are guided through a sequence of micro-fabricated tunnels of decreasing cross section. Our results challenge current theoretical predictions and suggest effective design principles for microrobots by showing that motility based on helical propellers provides a robust swimming strategy for exploring narrow spaces.
Extrinsic nature of the broad photoluminescence in lead iodide-based Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites
Authors: Kahmann Simon , Tekelenburg Eelco K. , Duim Herman , Kamminga Machteld E. , Loi Maria A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTwo-dimensional metal halide perovskites of Ruddlesden–Popper type have recently moved into the centre of attention of perovskite research due to their potential for light generation and for stabilisation of their 3D counterparts. It has become widespread in the field to attribute broad luminescence with a large Stokes shift to self-trapped excitons, forming due to strong carrier–phonon interactions in these compounds. Contrarily, by investigating the behaviour of two types of lead-iodide based single crystals, we here highlight the extrinsic origin of their broad band emission. As shown by below-gap excitation, in-gap states in the crystal bulk are responsible for the broad emission. With this insight, we further the understanding of the emission properties of low-dimensional perovskites and question the generality of the attribution of broad band emission in metal halide perovskite and related compounds to self-trapped excitons.
Prediction of organic homolytic bond dissociation enthalpies at near chemical accuracy with sub-second computational cost
Authors: St. John Peter C. , Guan Yanfei , Kim Yeonjoon , Kim Seonah , Paton Robert S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) of organic molecules play a fundamental role in determining chemical reactivity and selectivity. However, BDE computations at sufficiently high levels of quantum mechanical theory require substantial computing resources. In this paper, we develop a machine learning model capable of accurately predicting BDEs for organic molecules in a fraction of a second. We perform automated density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the M06-2X/def2-TZVP level of theory for 42,577 small organic molecules, resulting in 290,664 BDEs. A graph neural network trained on a subset of these results achieves a mean absolute error of 0.58 kcal mol−1 (vs DFT) for BDEs of unseen molecules. We further demonstrate the model on two applications: first, we rapidly and accurately predict major sites of hydrogen abstraction in the metabolism of drug-like molecules, and second, we determine the dominant molecular fragmentation pathways during soot formation.
Interneuron hypomyelination is associated with cognitive inflexibility in a rat model of schizophrenia
Authors: Maas Dorien A. , Eijsink Vivian D. , Spoelder Marcia , van Hulten Josephus A. , De Weerd Peter , Homberg Judith R. , Vallès Astrid , Nait-Oumesmar Brahim , Martens Gerard J. M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractImpaired cognitive functioning is a core feature of schizophrenia, and is hypothesized to be due to myelination as well as interneuron defects during adolescent prefrontal cortex (PFC) development. Here we report that in the apomorphine-susceptible (APO-SUS) rat model, which has schizophrenia-like features, a myelination defect occurred specifically in parvalbumin interneurons. The adult rats displayed medial PFC (mPFC)-dependent cognitive inflexibility, and a reduced number of mature oligodendrocytes and myelinated parvalbumin inhibitory axons in the mPFC. In the developing mPFC, we observed decreased myelin-related gene expression that persisted into adulthood. Environmental enrichment applied during adolescence restored parvalbumin interneuron hypomyelination as well as cognitive inflexibility. Collectively, these findings highlight that impairment of parvalbumin interneuron myelination is related to schizophrenia-relevant cognitive deficits.