bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealing the nucleation kinetics of primary Si particles in hypereutectic Al–Si alloys under the influence of P inoculation
Authors: Xu Yijiang , Deng Yun , Casari Daniele , Mathiesen Ragnvald H. , Liu Xiangfa , Li Yanjun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA quantitative study on the kinetics of nucleation of primary Si particles (PSPs), especially under the effect of P inoculation, during isothermal melt solidification of hypereutectic Al–Si(–Cu) alloys has been realized for the first time by using a unique micro-focus in situ X-radiography method, which is impossible by synchrotron X-radiography or tomography methods. The nucleation undercooling and nucleation rate of PSPs have been measured. Besides, TP-1 type solidification test has been carried out. It is found that nucleation undercooling of PSPs is reduced, while nucleation rate and number density of PSPs is increased significantly by P inoculation. Moreover, the influence of cooling rate on the nucleation kinetics of PSPs in the P inoculated alloy was investigated in situ. It is observed that higher cooling rate has the influence of increasing the peak nucleation rate and extending the nucleation temperature ranges of PSPs, in terms of earlier nucleation at lower undercooling and nucleation stopping at higher undercooling, which results in higher number density of PSPs. The decrease in minimum nucleation undercooling with increasing cooling rate in the P inoculated alloy is unexpected, which has been attributed to the extremely slow growth rate of faceted Si crystal on AlP substrates under low undercooling.
Plastic or glass: a new environmental assessment with a marine litter indicator for the comparison of pasteurized milk bottles
Authors: Stefanini Roberta , Borghesi Giulia , Ronzano Anna , Vignali Giuseppe 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeToday plastic is the most used material for food packaging, but its incorrect disposal is creating environmental issues to oceans, soil and air. Someone believes that the solution is to ban plastic and substitute it with glass packaging. Is it the right choice? This study aims at comparing the environmental impact of bottles made of PET, R-PET, non-returnable glass and returnable glass in order to understand which is the most environmental friendly packaging solution.MethodsA literature analysis on the environmental impact of glass and PET bottles is carried out, taking into account their production, transport and disposal phase. Then, an environmental assessment of PET, R-PET, glass and returnable glass bottles, used to package 1 l of pasteurized milk, has been carried out using the life cycle assessment methodology and a new indicator. Inventory data were provided by an important milk processing and packaging factory located in Italy. Results were estimated using some relevant impact categories of the ReCiPe 2016 MidPoint (H) method, then a marine litter indicator (MLI) has been proposed in order to evaluate the polluting potential of milk bottles dispersed into the Mediterranean Sea.Results and discussionLCA results show that R-PET bottle gives the lowest contribution to global warming, stratospheric ozone depletion, terrestrial acidification, fossil resource scarcity, water consumption and human carcinogenic toxicity, followed by PET bottle, returnable glass bottle, and finally non-returnable glass bottle. Glass is the worst packaging option because of high energy demand in the bottle production and its weight and in the transport phase. Some improvements can be obtained with returnable glass, but even if we consider that a bottle could be reused eight times, results are not comparable to the PET or R-PET bottles used only once. However, according to the MLI, returnable glass bottles become the first option, because a lot of plastic bottles could potentially be dispersed into the sea.ConclusionsThe substitution of plastic with glass does not help to reduce the GWP and others LCI categories, while could contribute to reduce the marine litter: overall it is important to dispose correctly packaging materials, investing in recycling and reusing. In particular, great improvements can be obtained using bottles made with recycled materials, as R-PET. In conclusion, it is necessary to disadvantage waste dispersion, giving incentives to returnable packaging and raising people awareness of environmental problems.
“Hey, We Can Do This Together”: Findings from an Evaluation of a Multi-sectoral Community Coalition
Authors: Realmuto Lindsey , Weiss Linda , Masseo Patrick , Madondo Kumbie , Kumar Rashi , Beane Susan , Pagán José A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMulti-sectoral coalitions focused on systemic health inequities are commonly promoted as important mechanisms to facilitate changes with lasting impacts on population health. However, the development and implementation of such initiatives present significant challenges, and evaluation results are commonly inconclusive. In an effort to add to the evidence base, we conducted a mixed-methods evaluation of the Claremont Healthy Village Initiative, a multi-sectoral partnership based in the Bronx, New York City. At an organizational level, there were positive outcomes with respect to expanded services, increased access to resources for programs, improved linkages, better coordination, and empowerment of local leaders—all consistent with a systemic, community building approach to change. Direct impacts on community members were more difficult to assess: perceived access to health and other services improved, while community violence and poor sanitation, which were also priorities for community members, remained important challenges. Findings suggest significant progress, as well as continued need.
Respiratorische Ereigniserkennung unter nichtinvasiver Beatmung (NIV) in Abhängigkeit von der genutzten Flowmessung
Authors: Maarouf Adnan , Domanski Ulrike , Schröder Maik , Franke Karl-Josef , Nilius Georg 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Beim chronisch hyperkapnischem Atemversagen stellt die nächtliche nichtinvasive Beatmung (NIV) die Standardtherapie dar. Die Einstellung auf die NIV erfordert jedoch viel Erfahrung. Nur eine Polysomnografie (PSG) im Schlaflabor ermöglicht die genaue Analyse von residualen Obstruktionen der oberen Atemwege, zentralen Apnoen, Triggerfehlfunktionen und Leckagen. Die Flowmessung unter NIV ist technisch jedoch nicht einfach, insbesondere da normierte Schnittstellen zur Einbindung der Respiratoren in die PSG fehlen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Vergleich eines Druck‑/Flow-Monitors mit den Signalen aus den Schnittstellen der Respiratoren bezüglich der Erkennung sowohl von Apnoen/Hypopnoen als auch von NIV-spezifischen Ereignissen in der PSG.

Methoden
Retrospektiv wurden 20 Aufzeichnungen von Patienten unter NIV, die unter einem standardisierten Protokoll aufgezeichnet worden waren, erneut verblindet ausgewertet. Es erfolgte ein Vergleich der Auswertung dreier verschiedener Verfahren der Flowmessung (effortbasiert, Staudruckmessung, Schnittstelle) hinsichtlich der Häufigkeit von respiratorischen Ereignissen.

Ergebnisse
Durch eine einfach zu integrierende Staudruckmessung mittels Druck‑/Flow-Monitor waren signifikant weniger Ereignisse diagnostizierbar, als wenn der Flow über die Abdomen- und Thoraxgurte oder über die Schnittstelle zu den Respiratoren ermittelt wurde. Auch die NIV-induzierten Ereignisse wie Fehltriggerungen oder Leckagen ließen sich nur mittels der Schnittstelle zuverlässig erkennen.

Schlussfolgerung
Eine Messung des Flows mit einem Standard Druck‑/Flow-Monitor bietet keine ausreichend nachvollziehbaren Ergebnisse. Eine Einbindung des Beatmungsgeräts in die PSG über eine Schnittstelle ist daher zu fordern.
Application of a physics-based lumped parameter model to evaluate reservoir parameters during CO2 storage
Authors: Raziperchikolaee Samin , Mishra Srikanta 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEvaluating reservoir performance could be challenging, especially when available data are only limited to pressures and rates from oil field production and/or injection wells. Numerical simulation is a typical approach to estimate reservoir properties using the history match process by reconciling field observations and model predictions. Performing numerical simulations can be computationally expensive by considering a large number of grids required to capture the spatial variation in geological properties, detailed structural complexity of the reservoir, and numerical time steps to cover different periods of oil recovery. In this work, a simplified physics-based model is used to estimate specific reservoir parameters during CO2 storage into a depleted oil reservoir. The governing equation is based on the integrated capacitance resistance model algorithm. A multivariate linear regression method is used for estimating reservoir parameters (injectivity index and compressibility). Synthetic scenarios were generated using a multiphase flow numerical simulator. Then, the results of the simplified physics-based model in terms of the estimated fluid compressibility were compared against the simulation results. CO2 injection data including bottom hole pressure and injection rate were also gathered from a depleted oil reef in Michigan Basin. A field application of the simplified physics-based model was presented to estimate above-mentioned parameters for the case of CO2 storage in a depleted oil reservoir in Michigan Basin. The results of this work show that this simple lumped parameter model can be used for a quick estimation of the specific reservoir parameters and its changes over the CO2 injection period.
A Generic Method for Estimating and Smoothing Multispecies Biodiversity Indicators Using Intermittent Data
Authors: Freeman Stephen N. , Isaac Nicholas J. B. , Besbeas Panagiotis , Dennis Emily B. , Morgan Byron J. T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBiodiversity indicators summarise extensive, complex ecological data sets and are important in influencing government policy. Component data consist of time-varying indices for each of a number of different species. However, current biodiversity indicators suffer from multiple statistical shortcomings. We describe a state-space formulation for new multispecies biodiversity indicators, based on rates of change in the abundance or occupancy probability of the contributing individual species. The formulation is flexible and applicable to different taxa. It possesses several advantages, including the ability to accommodate the sporadic unavailability of data, incorporate variation in the estimation precision of the individual species’ indices when appropriate, and allow the direct incorporation of smoothing over time. Furthermore, model fitting is straightforward in Bayesian and classical implementations, the latter adopting either efficient Hidden Markov modelling or the Kalman filter. Conveniently, the same algorithms can be adopted for cases based on abundance or occupancy data—only the subsequent interpretation differs. The procedure removes the need for bootstrapping which can be prohibitive. We recommend which of two alternatives to use when taxa are fully or partially sampled. The performance of the new approach is demonstrated on simulated data, and through application to three diverse national UK data sets on butterflies, bats and dragonflies. We see that uncritical incorporation of index standard errors should be avoided.Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.
The reliability characteristics of the REFLECT rubric for assessing reflective capacity through expressive writing assignments: A&nbsp;replication study
Authors: Grierson Lawrence , Winemaker Samantha , Taniguchi Alan , Howard Michelle , Marshall Denise , Zazulak Joyce 
Published: August 2020

Introduction The medical education community has implemented writing exercises that foster critical analysis and nurture reflective capacity. The REFLECT rubric (Wald et al. 2012) was developed to address the challenge of assessing these written reflections. The objective of this replication work is to explore the reproducibility of the reliability characteristics presented by the REFLECT developers.
Methods Five raters evaluated narratives written by medical students and experienced clinicians using the REFLECT rubric. Reliability across rubric domains was determined via intraclass correlation coefficient and internal consistency was determined via Cronbach’s alpha.
Results Intraclass coefficients demonstrated poor reliability for ratings across all tool criteria (0.350–0.452) including overall ratings of narratives (0.448). Moreover, the internal consistency between scale items was also poor across all criteria (0.529–0.621).
Discussion We did not replicate the reliability characteristics presented in the original REFLECT article. We consider these findings with respect to the contextual differences that existed between our study and the Wald and colleagues study, pointing particularly at the possible influence that repetitive testing and refinement of the tool may have had on their reviewers’ shared understanding of its use. We conclude with a discussion about the challenges inherent to reductionist approaches to assessing reflection.
Signal Ambiguity and Misinterpretation of Fetal Heart Rate: A Report of Two Cases and an Overview of Suspicious Patterns
Authors: Ramadan Mohamad K. , Yamout Walaa , Kharroubi Mariam , Malas Abir , Khazaal Janoub , Yared Georges , Badr Dominique A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractElectronic Fetal Heartrate Monitoring (EFHM) is the standard method for fetal well-being surveillance used during labor and delivery. There are, however, situations when tracings displayed by the EFHM are ambiguous and misleading. We present two cases where the Maternal Heart Rate (MHR) artefacts were mistaken for Fetal Heart Rate (FHR). In the first case, MHR masked the severity of fetal distress and caused a delayed and inappropriate management with subsequent poor neonatal outcome. In the second case, MHR was misinterpreted as FHR causing embarrassment of the birth attendants upon delivery of a dead macerated newborn. FHR should initially and continuously be verified as the actual origin of the signal displayed on the EFHM before any intervention is undertaken. Understanding the EFHM patterns produced by FHR or MHR and the utilization of modern EFHMs that apply concomitant recording and displaying of MHR and FHR can avert problems associated with signal ambiguity.
The Association Between the Social Determinants of Health and HIV Control in Miami-Dade County ZIP Codes, 2017
Authors: Rojas Dayana , Melo Anamarie , Moise Imelda K. , Saavedra Jorge , Szapocznik José 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
There were 28,055 people living with HIV (PLWH) in Miami-Dade County (MDC) in 2017; 40.1% was either out of care or was not virally suppressed (uncontrolled HIV). The purpose of this study was to determine the association between the social determinants of health (SDOH) and the number of persons with uncontrolled HIV in MDC.

Setting
This cross-sectional study included PLWH 15 and older with uncontrolled HIV in MDC, 2017. Data on PLWH’s viral load, age, gender, mode of HIV transmission, and race/ethnicity were aggregated to the ZIP code level. All five SDOH per HealthyPeople 2020 were represented: economic stability, education, social and community context, health and healthcare, and neighborhood and built environment.

Methods
Descriptive analyses on all study variables and a principal component analysis on the SDOH variables were performed. To account for overdispersion, multivariate negative binomial regressions were run while controlling for confounders and testing for significant interactions.

Results
The results of the regression analysis indicated that an increase in Factor 1 (economic stability, education, and health and healthcare determinants) was associated with a statistically significant increase in the number of PLWH with uncontrolled HIV. Additionally, we found a significant interaction between Factor 1 and White race. Among persons of low socioeconomic status, White race is associated with a reduction in PLWH with uncontrolled HIV.

Conclusions
These results suggest that reducing poverty and increasing education and rates of health insurance should result in significant reductions in PLWH with uncontrolled HIV. These results have the potential to influence future policy, interventions for retention, adherence, and continuity of care to improve suppression rates in MDC.
Some computations on the characteristic variety of a line arrangement
Authors: Papini Oscar , Salvetti Mario 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe find monodromy formulas for line arrangements that are fibered with respect to the projection from one point. We use them to find 0-dimensional translated components in the first characteristic variety of the arrangement "Equation missing" determined by a regular n-polygon and its diagonals. We also find new 1-dimensional translated components which generalize the well-known case of the $$B_3$$

B
3

-deleted arrangement.
Dangerous Work, Intention, and the Ethics of Hazard Pay
Authors: Bailey Adam D. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTIs offering hazard pay ethically permissible when the pay premium is the only reason that a dangerous job is accepted? Robert C. Hughes argues that it is not. Central to his argument is the claim that in such cases, workers intend the foreseeable risks of harm as a means to the pay premium. Herein I question the plausibility of this claim and then develop a conception of the concept of means sufficient to make it plausible. By so doing, I provide support for Hughes’s stringent position.
Bleomycin for Head and Neck Venolymphatic Malformations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Finitsis Stephanos , Faiz Khunsa , Linton Janice , Shankar Jai Jai Shiva 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT:Background:Venolymphatic malformations are rare benign vascular lesions of the head and neck. Sclerotherapy has become the first-line therapy of these lesions with bleomycin being a sclerosing agent commonly used.Purpose:To perform a systematic review of the published literature to synthesize evidence on the safety and efficacy of bleomycin for the treatment of head and neck venolymphatic malformations.Data sources:A systematic review of the literature (January 1995–May 2019) was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to identify studies on sclerotherapy of venolymphatic malformations of the head and neck.Study selection:A total of 32 studies with participants met the inclusion criteria among which 1121 patients were included in the systematic review.Data analysis:Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. The primary outcome was the subjective or objective reduction of lesion size as well as minor and major complications.Data synthesis:The bleomycin/pingyangmycin sclerotherapy achieved subjective or objective lesion size reduction in 96.3% (95% CI 94.1%–98.5%) of patients. Minor complications were observed in 16.2% and major complications in 1.1%.Conclusion:Bleomycin is a highly effective treatment of venolymphatic malformations of the head and neck with a low rate of major adverse events. This study represents an update on the “available” evidence, but only low-to-moderate quality studies were available.Limitations:This study reviewed 32 studies performed in different parts of the world, but there was heterogeneity of the study designs and interventions.
The Effect of a Simulated Fire Disaster Psychological First Aid Training Program on the Self-efficacy, Competence, and Knowledge of Mental Health Practitioners
Authors: Park Jung Suk , Choi Yun-Jung 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:This study developed a simulation program using standardized patients for the training of mental health practitioners in psychological first aid and evaluated its effect on learners’ self-efficacy and psychological first aid performance competence and knowledge. The simulation used in this program was of a fire disaster.Methods:Thirty participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group, a comparison group, and a control group. The experimental group participated in simulation training after attending a two-hour psychological first aid lecture. The comparison group was given only the two-hour lecture and the control group was given a psychological first aid handout to study individually. The results of pre- and post-intervention questionnaires were then statistically analyzed.Results:The participants’ self-efficacy, performance competency, and knowledge improved in all groups, and there were some statistically significant differences between the three groups. The experimental group showed a greater improvement in self-efficacy and performance than the other groups.Conclusions:The psychological first aid simulation training program was effective in improving three qualities of mental health practitioners: self-efficacy, performance competency, and knowledge. Further research is required for the development of various learning scenarios for iterative psychological first aid education.
Public awareness of tetralogy of Fallot after Jimmy Kimmel Live! television episode: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Greiner Benjamin , Lee Abraham , Checketts Jake , Hartwell Micah 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPersons with rare disorders, such as tetralogy of Fallot, often feel socially isolated due to poor public awareness of the disorder. On 1 May 2017, Jimmy Kimmel aired a segment on Jimmy Kimmel Live! highlighting the impact of tetralogy of Fallot on his son and how the public can learn more about the disorder.MethodsWe tracked public interest in tetralogy of Fallot using Google Trends and Twitter after the episode and constructed an autoregressive integrated moving average algorithm to calculate search volumes had Kimmel not aired the episode.ResultsGoogle searches and the number of Tweets for tetralogy of Fallot increased by 3063.27% and 4672.62%, respectively, above expected.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that television talk shows may represent strong outlets for increasing public awareness of rare disorders.
The construction of patent claims
Authors: Booton David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper highlights two recurring facets of the way UK courts approach the construction of patent claims: the adoption of methods typically applied to the interpretation of contracts and the recognition that immaterial variations not expressly claimed nevertheless fall within the scope of protection. Drawing on the normative implications arising out of Ronald Coase's paper on the problem of social cost, this paper argues that the patent system operates as a substitute for an explicit bargain between economically active entities operating in the market under which a duty is accepted by one party in return for acceptance of a burden of risk by the other. This perspective incorporates both the static costs and the dynamic benefits of the system and accords with the monopoly-profit-incentive theory most commonly advanced in support of the patent system. It is shown how the contemporary approach to claims construction is supported by the object of giving effect to the presumed intentions of the parties to this hypothetical bargain and that this underpins both the implication of terms which go beyond those expressly agreed to by parties to a contract and the construction of patent claims so as to embrace immaterial variations not expressly within their scope.