bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness and safety of beta antagonist in burned patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ma Jing , Hu Dingyao , Feng Zhen , Tang Jia , Guo Lanlan , Du Yali , Quan Jinxing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBeta antagonist is one of the most effective and the least toxic pharmacological treatments to attenuate the raised catecholamine effects for burned patients. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of beta blocker compared with placebo or usual care in burned patients, a meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted. We searched the database of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to 10 April 2020. Two investigators independently assessed articles for inclusion and exclusion criteria and selected studies for the final analysis. We performed the meta‐analysis using a random‐effect model. A total of 12 RCTs were included in the study, including 1887 patients. Propranolol‐treated patients have a decrease in length of hospital stay in adults (weighted mean difference [WMD] = −9.06, 95% CIs = [−12.88, −5.24]) and prepare time of graft (WMD = −7.88, 95% CIs = [−12.27, −3.50]). Similarly, the use of propranolol could significantly decrease heart rate (WMD = −15.16, 95% CIs = [−20.37, −9.94]), rate pressure product (WMD = −1.32, 95% CIs = [−1.67, −0.97]), and mean arterial pressure (WMD = −2.75, 95% CIs = [−4.23, −1.26]). Moreover, there is no significant difference between propranolol and placebo with respect to mortality (risk difference [RD] = 0.00, 95% CIs [−0.03, 0.04]), sepsis (RD = −0.03, 95% CIs [−0.09, 0.03]), and events of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and acute stress disorder (RD = −0.01, 95% CIs [−0.07, 0.05]), and also, there is no significant difference in subgroup analysis based on age. The use of beta antagonist in burned patients does reduce length of hospital stay in adults, shorten the preparation time for graft, and reduce heart burden, without increasing mortality, sepsis, or PTSD compared with those who had usual care or placebo. So beta antagonist can be considered as an appropriate treatment strategy in burned patients. More prospective, randomised‐controlled, multi‐centre studies were needed to define their place in therapeutic algorithms.
Urinary cMet as a prognostic marker in immunoglobulin A nephropathy
Authors: An Jung Nam , Li Lilin , Lee Junghun , Yu Seung‐Shin , Kim Jin Hyuk , Lee Jeonghwan , Kim Yong Chul , Kim Dong Ki , Oh Yun Kyu , Lim Chun Soo , Kim Yon Su , Kim Sunyoung , Yang Seung Hee , Lee Jung Pyo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe prediction of prognosis in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is challenging. We investigated the correlation between urinary cMet (ucMet) levels and clinical parameters and examined the effects of cMet agonistic antibody (cMet Ab) in an in vitro IgAN model. Patients diagnosed with IgAN (n = 194) were divided into three groups representing undetectable (Group 1), below‐median (Group 2) and above‐median (Group 3) levels of ucMet/creatinine (ucMet/Cr). Stained kidney biopsy samples were graded according to cMet intensity. Primary‐cultured human mesangial cells were stimulated with recombinant tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and treated with cMet Ab. Our results showed that ucMet/Cr levels positively correlated with proteinuria (P < .001). During the follow‐up, patients in Group 3 showed a significantly lower probability of complete remission (CR; uPCr < 300 mg/g) than those in groups 1 and 2, after adjusting for blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and proteinuria, which influence clinical prognosis (HR 0.60, P = .038); moreover, ucMet/Cr levels were also associated with glomerular cMet expression. After TNF‐α treatment, the proliferation of mesangial cells and increased interleukin‐8 and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 expression were markedly reduced by cMet Ab in vitro. In conclusion, ucMet/Cr levels significantly correlated with proteinuria, glomerular cMet expression, and the probability of CR. Further, cMet Ab treatment alleviated the inflammation and proliferation of mesangial cells. Hence, ucMet could serve as a clinically significant marker for treating IgAN.
Inhibition of root dentin demineralization by ion releasing cements
Authors: Huang Chan‐Te , Blatz Markus B. , Arce Celin , Lawson Nathaniel C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the ability of resin‐modified glass ionomer (RMGI) and bioactive cements to prevent root dentin demineralization.Materials and MethodsFifty molars were prepared at the cementum‐enamel junction (n = 10) and restored with three bioactive cements (Activa Bioactive Cement, ACT; Ceramir Crown and Bridge, CER; and Theracem, THE), a self‐adhesive resin cement (Rely X Unicem 2, UNI), and a RMGI cement (Rely X Luting Plus, LUT). Specimens were cycled for 30 days between a demineralization solution (pH = 4) composed of 0.1 M lactic acid and 3 mM Ca3(PO4)2 for 4 hours and a remineralization solution (pH = 7.0) composed of 1.5 mM Ca, 0.9 mM P, and 20 mM Tris(hydroxymethyl)‐aminomethane for 20 hours. Specimens were sectioned to 100 μm and evaluated with polarized light microscopy. A line was drawn parallel with the zone of demineralization for each tooth. The areas of “inhibition” (external to the line) were measured as positive values and “wall lesions” (pulpal to the line) were measured as negative areas.ResultsSignificant differences were found between materials for “inhibition/wall lesion” areas in root dentin (P < .001) and ranked as (μm2, mean ± SD): LUT (7700 ± 2500) > CER (3800 ± 1900), THE (2100 ± 2600), and ACT (1400 ± 700) > UNI (−2000 ± 1700).ConclusionsBioactive cements showed net areas of demineralization inhibition albeit at a lower level than a reference RMGI cement.Clinical SignificanceRMGI or bioactive cements may be indicated for patients at risk of secondary caries around crown margins.
Mystery pufferfish create elaborate circular nests at mesophotic depths in Australia
Authors: Bond Todd , Mueller Robert J. , Birt Matthew J. , Prince Jane , Miller Karen , Partridge Julian C. , McLean Dianne L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn 2011, the enigma of “mystery circles,” small but complex underwater structures first observed by divers from southern Japan in 1995, was solved when a new species of pufferfish, white‐spotted pufferfish (Torquigener albomaculosus Matsuura 2014), was identified as the responsible agent. To date these circles have been described only from Japan, where they are formed on a sandy seafloor in water depths less than 30 m. A survey of oil field infrastructure on the North West Shelf of Western Australia in 2018 using a remotely operated vehicle and hybrid autonomous underwater vehicle (HAUV) recorded a high‐resolution video and bathymetric data of 21 circular formations with similar features to those described in Japan. The circles display dimensions and morphology like those described from Japan, but were observed in water depths between 129 and 137 m. The HAUV also recorded high‐resolution photographs which captured a Torquigener sp. fish in the immediate vicinity of the circles. An additional circle and Torquigener sp. were observed in images collected by baited remote underwater stereo‐video in a nearby location in 129 m depth. These circles are the first to be found in Australia. The pufferfish species responsible cannot be identified from images collected. Such a discovery not only generates intrigue and wonder among scientists and the general public but also provides an insight into the reproductive behaviour and evolution of pufferfish globally.
Co‐Occurrence of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Frailty among Community‐Dwelling Older Men
Authors: Bauer Scott R. , Scherzer Rebecca , Suskind Anne M. , Cawthon Peggy , Ensrud Kristine E. , Ricke William A. , Covinsky Kenneth , Marshall Lynn M. ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Research Group
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESTo estimate associations between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and phenotypic frailty in older men.DESIGNCross‐sectional study.SETTINGCommunity‐dwelling men recruited from 2000 to 2002 from six U.S. academic centers for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study.PARTICIPANTSA total of 5,979 men aged 65 and older.MEASUREMENTSThe independent variable was LUTS severity (none/mild, moderate, or severe) assessed with the American Urologic Association Symptom Index. Participants were categorized as frail, intermediate stage, or robust using an adapted Cardiovascular Health Study index (components: low lean mass, weakness, exhaustion, slowness, and low physical activity). Associations were estimated with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from multivariable multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders of age, other demographics, health‐related behaviors, and comorbidities.RESULTSThe prevalence of frailty was 7%, 11%, and 18% among men with none/mild, moderate, and severe LUTS, respectively. Moderate and severe LUTS, overall and by storage and voiding subscores, were associated with higher odds of both intermediate stage and frailty in all models. After adjustment for confounders, the odds of frailty was 1.41 times higher among men with moderate LUTS (95% CI = 1.14–1.74) and 2.51 times higher among men with severe LUTS (95% CI = 1.76–3.55), compared with none/mild LUTS. Severe LUTS was associated with a greater odds of individual frailty components exhaustion and low physical activity.CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of phenotypic frailty is higher among older community‐dwelling men with moderate or severe LUTS compared with those with mild or no LUTS. The positive association between LUTS severity and frailty among older men appears independent of age and known frailty risk factors. Although the temporal direction of this association and the utility of LUTS or frailty interventions in this population remain unclear, the high co‐occurrence of these conditions could lead to earlier identification of frailty when clinically appropriate.
Biomarker changes with systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Seo Joonbum , Payne Jessie Rosie , Novo Matos Jose , Fong Wesley Wynne , Connolly David J. , Luis Fuentes Virginia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundN‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and cardiac troponin‐I (cTnI) are biomarkers commonly evaluated in cats with suspected heart disease. Many cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM), but its influence on circulating NT‐proBNP or cTnI concentrations is currently unknown.Hypothesis/ObjectivesCats with HCM and SAM (HCMSAM+) have higher NT‐proBNP and cTnI concentrations than do cats with HCM but without SAM (HCMSAM−).AnimalsOne hundred forty cats with HCM: 70 with SAM and 70 without SAM.MethodsRetrospective case‐to‐case study. Cats were recruited if diagnosed with HCM by echocardiography and results were available for NT‐proBNP or cTnI concentrations or both. Cats with SAM were matched to those without SAM for clinical presentation, left atrial (LA) size and left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening.ResultsA total of 119 NT‐proBNP and 123 cTnI results were available. The HCMSAM+ cats had higher median concentrations than did HCMSAM− cats for NT‐proBNP (729 pmoL/L; interquartile range [IQR], 275‐1467 versus 65 pmoL/L; IQR, 25‐271; P < .001) and cTnI (0.27 ng/mL; IQR, 0.10‐0.81 versus 0.07 ng/mL; IQR, 0.01‐0.43; P = .002). In general linear models for both NT‐proBNP and cTnI, the independent explanatory variables were SAM, congestive heart failure, maximal LV wall thickness, and LA size.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceFor cats with HCM and equivalent LA size and LV systolic function, those with SAM had higher NT‐proBNP and cTnI concentrations than did those without SAM. Presence of SAM should be considered when interpreting biomarker concentrations in cats with HCM.
Developing and Validating an Academic Vocabulary List in Russian: A Computational Approach
Authors: TALALAKINA EKATERINA , STUKAL DENIS , KAMROTOV MIKHAIL 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo date, attempts at empirically validating a construct of academic vocabulary in the form of a frequency list in languages other than English remain conspicuously absent in peer‐reviewed journals. This study aims to close this gap by using Russian as a case study to develop an academic vocabulary list and prove its viability through a variety of data science methods, including cross‐validation and out‐of‐sample coverage. Our findings support the utility of such a construct in Russian and its potential impact on teaching Russian for academic purposes.
Primitivism in theZhuangzi: An introduction
Authors: Saunders Frank 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBooks 8–10 and sections of books 11–16 of theZhuangzianthology represent an important and underappreciated contribution to Warring States ethical and political philosophy, known as “primitivism.” This article offers a general introduction to Zhuangist primitivism. It focuses on primitivism's exploration and development of a normative conception of human nature, particularlyxing性, as well as primitivism's subsequent rejection of the elaborate moral, social, political, and cultural artifices championed by their philosophical opponents, chiefly the Ruists and the Mohists. After a brief introduction to Zhuangist primitivism and the limited scholarship on it, I divide this discussion into three parts pertaining to the primitivists' three distinct approaches to and uses of human nature, which in turn serve as the basis for primitivist ethics and political thought.
Neuromuscular fatigability amplitude and aetiology are interrelated across muscles
Authors: Chartogne Martin , Rahmani Abderrahmane , Nicolon Lucie , Jubeau Marc , Morel Baptiste 
Published: August 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Is neuromuscular fatigability interrelated between different muscle groups from the same individual during isometric all‐out exercise?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Although the average decrease can vary between muscles, an individual demonstrates interrelated fatigability aetiology regardless of the muscle group tested. The inter‐individual variability provides evidence of different profiles common between muscles, which can be regarded as an individual characteristic.

AbstractNeuromuscular fatigability is commonly attributed to central and peripheral origins. However, there is strong evidence of interactions between these two mechanisms. According to the idea that peripheral fatigability might be centrally regulated, one can hypothesize that neuromuscular fatigability would be correlated between different muscle groups at the individual level.Thirty‐two healthy participants (16 women and 16 men) completed two 5 min fatiguing exercises [60 isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs)] with finger flexors (FFs) and ankle plantar flexors (PFs) in two randomized sessions. Neuromuscular testing was conducted before, during (every six MVCs) and directly after the fatigue procedure. The force asymptote (FA) was calculated as the asymptote of the force–time relationship. Changes (post‐ vs. pre‐fatigue) in the exercise‐evoked force (ΔDb100), voluntary activation (ΔVA) and central activation ratio (∆CAR) were also investigated.Significant correlations were found between FFs and PFs for FA, ΔDb100 and ΔVA (r = 0.65, r = 0.63 and r = 0.50, respectively). A significant negative correlation between ∆CAR and ∆Db100 was evidenced for both PFs (r = −0.82) and FFs (r = −0.57).Neuromuscular fatigability is correlated between different muscle groups at the individual level. The results support the idea that a restrained motor drive prevents large peripheral perturbations and that individuals exhibit correlated fatigability aetiology regardless of the muscle group tested. Widely different central/peripheral profiles can be found amongst individuals, and a part of the fatigability aetiology can be regarded as an individual characteristic.
Simulation training programme to improve the integrated response of teams in
mental health crisis care
Authors: Ortega Vega Marta , Williams Leonie , Saunders Aleks , Iannelli Hannah , Cross Sean , Attoe Chris 
Published: August 2020

Background
This report presents the findings of a simulation programme to improve the
integrated response of teams working in mental health crisis (MHC) care. The
programme consisted of the delivery of five interprofessional training courses
that aimed to improve the core skills of teams working in MHC care.

Methods
Questionnaires were conducted pre-training and post-training, measuring
participants’ human factors using the Human Factors SKills for Healthcare
Instrument, as well as self-reported learning experience using free text
questions.

Results
The results found a significant change in human factors scores across all
courses. Additionally, thematic analysis of the free text questions showed that
participants identified improvements in communication, teamwork and clinical
knowledge across all courses, with improvements in other skills in specific
courses.

Conclusion
Overall, the findings suggest a positive impact of the simulation
programme across a range of personal and clinical skills, developing further
the case for including simulation training in routine mental healthcare
education programmes. Future research should consider the long-term impact of
interprofessional simulation training in MHC teams to gain further insight into
the efficacy of this training modality.
Changes in the fatty acid composition of steer subcutaneous fat, including biohydrogenation products, are minimal when finished on combinations of corn and barley grains and silages
Authors: Vahmani P. , Johnson J.A. , Sutherland B.D. , Penner G.B. , Prieto N. , Aalhus J.L. , Juárez M. , López-Campos Ó. , Dugan M.E.R. 
Published: August 2020

Corn production in Western Canada has increased with development of short-season varieties partially offsetting the use of barley as a silage and grain source. The current study evaluated effects of silage and cereal-grain source on subcutaneous fat (SCF) composition of finishing cattle. Steers (465 ± 28.0 kg) were assigned to 24 pens (12 steers per pen) in a 2 × 3 factorial design for an 89 d finishing study. Diets contained corn silage or barley silage at 8% [dry matter (DM)] combined either dry-rolled barley grain (BG; 86% of DM), corn grain (CG; 85% of DM), or an equal blend of BG and CG (85% of DM). Bone-in ribeyes were collected from four steers per pen, and subcutaneous fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. Feeding dry-rolled CG increased dietary fat and 18:2n-6 concentrations, resulting in small increases in 18:2n-6, total n-6 fatty acids, and n-6/n-3 ratios in SCF (P < 0.05). There were no changes in proportions of major trans-18:1 isomers (t10-18:1 or t11-18:1), the main natural isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (cis9,t11–18:2), or n-3 fatty acids. Substitution of dry-rolled CG for BG in finisher diets can, therefore, be done without substantially altering the fatty acid composition of beef fat, including polyunsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation products.
Teaching CS undergrads online to work with others effectively
Authors: Hazzan Orit 
Published: August 2020

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Orit Hazzan on the challenges of taking a CS soft skills class online after teaching it in a classroom for a decade.
Nicotine Exposure by Device Type among Adult Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Users in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, 2015–2016
Authors: Rostron Brian L. , Coleman Blair , Cheng Yu-Ching , Kimmel Heather L. , Oniyide Olusola , Wang Lanqing , Chang Cindy M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
Previous studies have examined the characteristics of open and closed system electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) users, but population-level information on nicotine exposure among these users has not been available.

Methods:
We analyzed nicotine biomarker and survey data from Wave 3 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study collected from October 2015 to October 2016. We identified 277 exclusive ENDS users and 468 dual cigarette and ENDS users and analyzed concentrations of nicotine and its metabolites obtained from urine samples by device type and other characteristics, such as frequency of use and e-liquid flavor.

Results:
Among exclusive ENDS users, open system users had higher levels of total nicotine exposure (TNE-2) than closed system users [8.8 μmol/g creatinine (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.3–14.8 μmol/g vs. 2.0 μmol/g (95% CI = 0.7–5.4 μmol/g)]. However, TNE-2 concentrations were similar when open and closed system users were stratified as daily [26.4 μmol/g (95% CI = 20.1–34.7 μmol/g) vs. 27.1 μmol/g (95% CI = 16.4–44.9 μmol/g)] and nondaily [0.5 μmol/g (95% CI = 0.1–1.9 μmol/g) vs. 0.2 μmol/g (95% CI = 0.0–0.7 μmol/g)] ENDS users. Dual users generally had higher nicotine exposure than exclusive users.

Conclusions:
Nicotine exposure was observed to be higher among exclusive open system ENDS users compared with closed system users, but levels were similar when users were stratified by frequency of use.

Impact:
These results suggest that exclusive ENDS users with similar use patterns receive comparable levels of nicotine, regardless of whether they use open or closed system devices.
The XPO1 Inhibitor KPT-8602 Synergizes with Dexamethasone in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Verbeke Delphine , Demeyer Sofie , Prieto Cristina , de Bock Charles E. , De Bie Jolien , Gielen Olga , Jacobs Kris , Mentens Nicole , Verhoeven Bronte Manouk , Uyttebroeck Anne , Boeckx Nancy , De Keersmaecker Kim , Maertens Johan , Segers Heidi , Cools Jan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
KPT-8602 (Eltanexor) is a second-generation exportin-1 (XPO1) inhibitor with potent activity against acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in preclinical models and with minimal effects on normal cells. In this study, we evaluated whether KPT-8602 would synergize with dexamethasone, vincristine, or doxorubicin, three drugs currently used for the treatment of ALL.

Experimental Design:
First, we searched for the most synergistic combination of KPT-8602 with dexamethasone, vincristine, or doxorubicin in vitro in both B-ALL and T-ALL cell lines using proliferation and apoptosis as a readout. Next, we validated this synergistic effect by treatment of clinically relevant B- and T-ALL patient-derived xenograft models in vivo. Finally, we performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) to determine the mechanism of synergy.

Results:
KPT-8602 showed strong synergism with dexamethasone on human B-ALL and T-ALL cell lines as well as in vivo in three patient-derived ALL xenografts. Compared with single-drug treatment, the drug combination caused increased apoptosis and led to histone depletion. Mechanistically, integration of ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data revealed that addition of KPT-8602 to dexamethasone enhanced the activity of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) and led to increased inhibition of E2F-mediated transcription. We observed strong inhibition of E2F target genes related to cell cycle, DNA replication, and transcriptional regulation.

Conclusions:
Our preclinical study demonstrates that KPT-8602 enhances the effects of dexamethasone to inhibit B-ALL and T-ALL cells via NR3C1- and E2F-mediated transcriptional complexes, allowing to achieve increased dexamethasone effects for patients.