bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3. Personal Relationships between Co-buried Individuals in the Central European Early Bronze Age
Authors: Rebay-Salisbury Katharina 
Published: December 2020

People were usually buried in single, individual graves in Early Bronze Age Austria and the surrounding areas, but there are some exceptions. In burials of two or more people, it is often the way that bodies were placed in relation to each other that suggests familiarity, if not family. This paper reviews the social relations expressed through co-burials, and aims to better understand relationships between couples, siblings, or parents and children. The chapter particularly highlights mother-child relationships and presents graves of pregnant women and graves of women and children buried together, in order to understand how such individuals were treated by their societies in death. Ages and age gaps between co-buried individuals reveal the most likely ages for life-transitions such as first motherhood and the addition of new family members. The analysis compares evidence from two different, but contemporary cultural groups (Únětice and Unterwölbing) to shed light on prehistoric gender relations, family structures and social organisation through the lens of the burial record.
8. The Old and The Young in Early Medieval Iceland: The Evidence for Three-generational Families in the Household Cemeteries of Skagafjorður, Northern Iceland
Authors: Zoega Guðný 
Published: December 2020

In recent years, a number of early Christian cemeteries have been excavated in the region of Skagafjörður, North Iceland. They belonged to, and were managed by, occupants of individual farms and were in use from around AD 1000-1120. These household cemeteries differ from the sparse pagan burial record in that they are ‘all inclusive’, i.e. they include individuals of both sexes and all ages, and essentially represent all inhabitants of a household. An interesting feature of the cemeteries is the large number of interred infants and relatively large number of ‘older’ individuals. By looking at the osteological data in conjunction with the placement of burials within cemeteries a more detailed picture of the Medieval household emerges, including the perception of the young and the aged and the possible role of three-generation families in the transference of knowledge and life experience. This paper discusses how this unique material can add to the predominantly philological and historical discussions on the nature, composition and social interactions of the Medieval Icelandic household.
9. Together in Death: Demography and Funerary Practices in Contemporary Multiple Internments in Irish Medieval Burial Grounds
Authors: Murphy Eileen 
Published: December 2020

Contemporary multiple interment is a minority burial practice occasionally encountered in Medieval Christian burial grounds that is suggestive of the death of two or more individuals at the same time followed by a conscious decision by the living to bury those individuals together. The study reviews the evidence from thirty-one Irish burial grounds (spanning AD 300 to 1700) to explore the nature of the demographic combinations apparent in these contemporary multiple interments. Drawing upon information gleaned from contemporary historical sources, an attempt will be made to proffer possible scenarios to account for the different demographic configurations apparent in the burials. Funerary practices, in particular, positioning of the bodies, will be explored to see if insights can be gained concerning the nature of the potential social relationships that may have existed between those interred together in each grave. The findings from Ireland will be compared to those of studies of similar burials in Anglo-Saxon England.
Youth Participatory Action Research and Applied Theatre Engagement: Supporting Indigenous Youth Survivance and Resurgence
Authors: Conrad Diane 
Published: December 2020

Pour les jeunes Autochtones du Canada, cette époque a son lot de défis qui ne définissent pas pour autant l’ensemble de leurs réalités. Dans cet article, Diane Conrad s’intéresse au versant pratique de l’engagement théâtral en examinant trois projets de recherche-action participative auxquels ont participé des jeunes Autochtones dans trois contextes différents : en milieu scolaire, dans une prison pour jeunes délinquants et chez un organisme communautaire au service des jeunes de la rue. Elle explore l’importance d’une approche axée sur le théâtre appliqué pour les recherches menées auprès de jeunes Autochtones, faisant valoir qu’elle évite de reproduire des récits unidimensionnels centrés sur les dommages et permet d’ouvrir sur des processus inspirants pour la survie et la résurgence. Conrad met l’accent sur les façons dont la recherche peut aider les jeunes à s’autonomiser et amener les autres à voir la sagesse et l’espoir des jeunes en parallèle avec les luttes qui façonnent leurs réalités.
Opportunities for Qualitative Analysis of Social Media Platforms in Dietetic Research and Practice
Authors: Lynch Meghan , Knezevic Irena , Ryan Kennedy Laborde 
Published: December 2020

To date, most qualitative knowledge about individual eating patterns and the food environment has been derived from traditional data collection methods, such as interviews, focus groups, and observations. However, there currently exists a large source of nutrition-related data in social media discussions that have the potential to provide opportunities to improve dietetic research and practice. Qualitative social media discussion analysis offers a new tool for dietetic researchers and practitioners to gather insights into how the public discusses various nutrition-related topics. We first consider how social media discussion data come with significant advantages including low-cost access to timely ways to gather insights from the public, while also cautioning that social media data have limitations (e.g., difficulty verifying demographic information). We then outline 3 types of social media discussion platforms in particular: (i) online news article comment sections, (ii) food and nutrition blogs, and (iii) discussion forums. We discuss how each different type of social media offers unique insights and provide a specific example from our own research using each platform. We contend that social media discussions can contribute positively to dietetic research and practice.
"التناص" في الرواية المغاربية
Authors: Bouali Abderrahmane Abdellah 
Published: December 2020

"التناص" Intertextuality مفهوم نقدي مركزي جديد، وهو آلية من الآليات الإبداعية الحديثة، طرحت على نقاد عصر الحداثة. وقد شغل هذا المفهوم جهود الكثير من هؤلاء الباحثين والدارسين والنقاد والمنظرين وأصحاب شعرية الخطاب الروائي، غربيين وشرقيين، عربا وأجانب، حتى أصبح مفهوما تدور حوله الأبحاث والدراسات والتطبيقات، بل وأصبح حقلا من حقول النقد الأدبي المُهمة والبليغة الفائدة، وبات يشكل بذلك، بالفعل، أداة من أدوات تحليل الخطاب ذات الأهمية الفائقة.
والتناص شغل في الرواية مساحة لافتة للانتباه. وفي هذا البحث سوف نبحث في مجموعة من الروايات العربية المغاربية لنحلل ما فيها من تناص أدبي. وقد وقع اختيارنا على أربع روايات متميزة، لأصحابها عدد من النصوص المتميزة وتجربة قيمة في مجال الكتابة الروائية. أما الروايات فهي: رواية "رحيل البحر" للمغربي محمد عز الدين التازي، ورواية "أسرار صاحب الستر" للتونسي إبراهيم درغوثي، ورواية "مرايا متشظية" للجزائري عبد المالك مرتاض، ورواية "التبر" لليبي إبراهيم الكوني.
الأبعاد الدلاليّة للخطاب الندائيّ في سورة يوسف
Authors: Ghareeb Qadir Fakhrya 
Published: December 2020

تهدف هذه الدراسة الموسومة بـ (الأبعاد الدلاليّة للخطاب الندائيّ في سورة يوسف في القرآن الكريم – دراسة في ضوء نظريّة الأفعال الكلاميّة) الكشف عن الأبعاد الدلاليّة للخطاب القرآني الوارد في قصة يوسف في القرآن الكريم ورصْد مقاصده ، وإلقاء الضوء على دلالاته الصريحة والخفية، المباشرة وغير المباشرة ، أي على ما ينجزه من أفعال كلاميّة وعلى وفق نظرية الأفعال الكلامية ومعطياتها ، وتشقُّ الدراسة طريقها إلى ذلك عبر ثلاثة محاور رئيسة معنونة على هذا النحو:
المحور الأول: التأسيس البنائيّ والتنظيريّ لنظرية الأفعال الكلامية
المحور الثاني: الخطاب الندائيّ ركائزه وإنجازاته وقواه الفعليّة
المحور الثالث: الخطاب الندائيّ في سورة يوسف دلالاته وإنجازاته الفعليّة
وتنهي الدراسة مشوارها بخاتمة موجزَة مودَع فيها أبرز الاستنتاجات ومسرد بأسماء الكتب والمراجع المعوَّل عليهما في إنجاز عملها.
المنهج التجريبي في فكر فلاسفة العلم (روجر بيكون) و(فرنسيس بيكون)
Authors: Shareef Nadwa Mohammed M. 
Published: December 2020

يتميز الفكر الإنساني بتواصله، اذ يأخذ اللاحق من السابق ويفيد منه ،وان التميز الحقيقي للفيلسوف انما يبرز في فهمه لتراث السابقين من خلال منهج جديد يعكس استقلاله وابداعه، وقدرة منهجه على طرح تصورات جديدة تسهم في تقدم المرحلة التي يعيشها، وقد أسهم المفكرون والعلماء العرب والمسلمون في النهضة العلمية الحديثة التي تعيشها اوروبا والتي يشهد بها الاوربيون أنفسهم ، وقد حددت الباحثة هدف البحث في تعرف المنهج التجريبي في فكر فلاسفة العلم (روجر بيكون) و(فرنسيس بيكون)، وفيما يتعلق بمنهجية البحث فقد اتبعت الباحثة المنهج التاريخي الوصفي التحليلي البنائي والمقارن منهجا تسير عليه في تحقيق وتحليل البيانات، ومن أبرز النتائج التي توصلت اليها الباحثة:
ساهم روجر بيكون في نهضة العلم ورفع من قيمة التجربة العلمية ومنهج الاستقراء، وجاء بعده فرنسيس بيكون الذي رفض منطق ارسطو المعروف بالاورجانون اذ وجد ان منطق ارسطو يقوم على القياس فلايجعلنا نكتشف شيء جديد ، ولايمكن ان يقود لسيطرة عملية على الطبيعة ، فمن الضروري تغييره بالمنهج التجريبي الاستقرائي بمعناه الحديث بدءا بالتجربة الحسية والملاحظات الدقيقة والتجارب العلمية واستخراج النتائج بحذر ، كما نصح بعدم الفصل بين العقل والتجربة فالأنفع عمليا هو الاصدق نظريا
التوزيع المكاني لمقومات السياحة الصحراوية في منطقة الهضبة الغربية من العراق
Authors: Adnan Hasson Luay 
Published: December 2020

استهدف البحث التوزيع المكاني لمقومات الجذب السياحي في الهضبة الصحراوية التي تحتل الأقسام الغربية والجنوبية الغربية من العراق، وقد بين البحث أن المنطقة تمتلك مقومات تكاد تكون متكاملة للعرض السياحي إذ شهدت تنوعا في المقومات الطبيعية والتي تمثلت بالموقع الجغرافي الفريد والتنوع في المظاهر الجيومورفولوجية والتنوع الأحيائي فضلاً عن توافر المقومات البشرية والتي تمثلت بالمواقع التاريخية والتراثية والدينية والضيافة والخدمات التكميلية المساعدة ،كما بين البحث إمكانية إقامة العديد من أشكال السياحة في منطقة الدراسة كالسياحة الصحراوية والبيئية والمغامرات والمؤتمرات والعلمية والدينية والثقافية وغيرها من أشكال السياحة ،كما تطرق البحث إلى عدد من تجارب الدول في هذا المجال من اجل الإفادة منها في عملية الاستثمار السياحي في المستقبل، وقد خرج البحث بتوصيات يمكن أن تسهم في توجيه أنظار الجهات ذات العلاقة إلى الاهتمام بالسياحة ودعم اقتصاد البلد من خلال استثمار تلك المقومات ودعم التنمية السياحية.
A body-shaped lumbar-sacral support for improving car-seat comfort
Authors: Naddeo Alessandro , Di Brigida Liliana , Fontana Carlotta , Montese Jessica , Quartuccia Manuel , Nasti Mario , Pisani Matteo Maria , Turco Vito , De Stefano Marco , Fiorillo Iolanda , Califano Rosaria 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, the ergonomic study of the driving position is a critical aspect of automotive design. Indeed, due to the rising needs on the market, one focus for car industries is to improve the perceived comfort related to the cars’ interior. Driving a car for a prolonged time could cause complaints in some body-regions, especially in the lumbar-sacral area. Thus, special lumbar-sacral supports for driver seat has been proposed for reducing this kind of complaints. OBJECTIVE: Development of two virtual and physical models of lumbar-sacral support for improving both the lumbar/sacral and overall perceived comfort while driving. METHODS: Two prototypes of lumbar/sacral support have been realized: the first one was integrated into the seat, and the second one was shaped as a removable pillow (removable support). Fifty participants were asked to rate the perceived comfort in lab tests performed on a seating-buck by comparing three configurations (5 min each): a standard seat, seat with the removable support, seat with integrated support. Subjective data (by questionnaires) and objective data (interface pressure between backrest and driver) have been acquired and statistically processed. In addition, real driving tests have been performed to test the actual performance of the removable support in term of perceived comfort comparing it with the standard seat. RESULTS: Statistical correlations between subjective and objective data showed interesting results in comfort improvement through the adopted solutions. Real driving tests showed an improvement in comfort perception with the lumbar-sacral support towards the standard seat. CONCLUSIONS: Thanks to the virtual prototyping and the application of previous knowledge, coming from literature and experience, a solution for improving the overall comfort and reduce the lumbar/sacral pain while driving has been developed, tested, and assessed.
A model-based approach for the analysis of aircraft seating comfort
Authors: Vanacore Amalia , Lanzotti Antonio , Percuoco Chiara , Capasso Agostino , Vitolo Bonaventura 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Aircraft seating comfort has a significant impact on passenger on-board experience. Its assessment requires the adoption of well-designed strategies for data collection as well as appropriate data analysis methods in order to obtain accurate and reliable results. OBJECTIVES: This paper focuses on the assessment of aircraft seating comfort based on subjective comfort responses collected during laboratory experiments and taking into account seat features and passenger characteristics. METHODS: The subjective comfort evaluations have been analyzed using a model-based approach to investigate the relationship between overall seating comfort and specific seat/user characteristics. RESULTS: The results show that the overall seating comfort perception is significantly influenced by the thickness of the seat pan, the backrest position (upright or reclined), the age of the passenger and the passenger perception of being comfortably supported at the lumbar region. CONCLUSIONS: The adopted model-based approach allows the analysis of subjective seating comfort data taking into account their ordinal nature as well as the dependency between evaluations provided by the same subject.
Pengaruh Budaya 5R dan Kinerja Karyawan terhadap Lingkungan Kerja di Sinter Plant PT.XYZ
Authors: Anthony Muhamad Bob 
Published: December 2020

Abstract— PT. XYZ is one of the large and multinational companies engaged in steel production in Indonesia and in the first half of 2019 PT. XYZ faces a challenge that is the many employees in the sinter plant do not implement the 5R culture. Sinter plant is the main supplier plant for the blast furnace plant at PT. XYZ which functions to combine a raw material mixture at high temperatures to produce a product known as sinter ore. This research was conducted at PT. XYZ. The data obtained was then processed and analyzed using the SPSS version 26 program. Based on the results of data processing and analysis, it was found that all indicators used in this study had good validity and reliability. The results of data processing and analysis in this study also found that 5R culture (X1) and employee performance (X2) had an influence on the work environment (Y).Keywords— 5R Culture, Employee Performance, Work Environment. Abstrak— PT. XYZ adalah salah satu perusahaan besar dan multinasional yang bergerak di bidang produksi baja di Indonesia dan pada semester pertama tahun 2019 PT. XYZ menghadapi tantangan yaitu banyaknya karyawan di sinter plant yang tidak melaksanakan budaya 5R. Sinter plant merupakan plant pemasok utama untuk blast furnace plant di PT. XYZ yang berfungsi untuk menggabungkan suatu raw material mixture pada temperatur tinggi sehingga menghasilkan produk yang dikenal dengan nama sinter ore. Penelitian ini dilakukan di sinter plant PT. XYZ. Data yang didapat kemudian diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan program SPSS versi 26. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data dan analisa tersebut didapat bahwa semua indikator-indikator yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini memiliki keabsahan (validitas) dan keandalan (reliabilitas) yang baik. Hasil pengolahan data dan analisa dalam penelitian ini juga mendapatkan bahwa budaya 5R (X1) dan kinerja karyawan (X2) mempunyai pengaruh terhadap lingkungan kerja (Y).Kata kunci— Budaya 5R, Kinerja Karyawan, Lingkungan Kerja.
El derecho natural para la salvación de la humanidad del hombre.
Authors: Sartea Claudio 
Published: December 2020

El articulo toma inspiración del reciente discurso de Benedicto XVI al Parlamento alemán. Haciendo hincapié en la recuperación del concepto clásico de derecho natural, el Pontífice pone en evidencia su papel insustituible en la correcta organización teórica y práctica de la relación entre derecho y poder, entre ordenamiento jurídico y Estado. Como para reflexionar sobre el derecho natural hace falta entender qué es la "naturaleza" del único animal jurídico, el hombre, nos vemos empujados a tomarnos mucho más en serio la antropología filosófica y la capacitad metafísica misma de nuestra razón. En fin, el artículo es para en considerar lo laical que se muestra esta perspectiva en contra de los detractores del derecho natural como algo exclusivamente confesional, es decir, simplemente y reductivamente "católico".
ENERGY PROPAGATION OF THE LOW-FREQUENCY PULSE ENERGY IN VITYAZ BAY
Authors: Манульчев Д.С. 
Published: December 2020

Представлены результаты натурных исследований распространения низкочастотного акустического импульсного сигнала в бухте Витязь, Японское море. Измерения были проведены с помощью цифровых радиогидроакустических буев и импульсного пневмоизлучателя, свешиваемого с борта катера. Показано, что на трассе длиной 2,2 км со средней глубиной 30 м формируется сигнал в виде двух импульсов с соизмеримыми амплитудами и с задержкой 0,19 с, что, по-видимому, связано с наличием накопленного в бухте осадочного слоя. Данное предположение подтверждается численным моделированием путем введения в модельный волновод песочно-илистой подложки как канала распространения энергии импульсного сигнала.
The paper presents the results of field studies on the propagation of a low- frequency acoustic pulse signal in Vityaz Bay, Japanese Sea. The measurements were carried out using digital radio-acoustic buoys and a pulsed air emitter hanging from the side of the boat. It was shown that on a 2.2 km long path with an average depth of 30 m, a signal is formed in the form of two pulses with comparable amplitudes and with a delay of 0.19 s, which is apparently due to the presence of a sedimentary layer accumulated in the bay. This assumption is confirmed
by numerical simulation by introducing into the model waveguide a sandy-silty substrate as a pulse energy signal propagation channel.
ON SOUND SCATTERING IN THE UPPER LAYER
AND ON THE SHELF OF THE NORTH-WEST PACIFIC OCEAN
Authors: Буланов В.А. , Корсков И.В. , Стороженко А.В. 
Published: December 2020

Представлены результаты исследований рассеяния звука в верхнем слое морской воды в северо-западной части Тихого океана. Измерения коэффициентов рассеяния звука проводились на различных частотах от 12 до 100 кГц на шельфе и в открытом океане. Исследования представляли интерес в связи с возможностью оперативно в процессе движения судна проводить мониторинг изменчивости структуры морской среды. Проведение долговременных исследований рассеяния звука на планктоне и других микронеоднородностях морской среды в бухте Витязь залива Петра Великого Японского моря с применением акустических донных систем позволило определить вариации рассеяния звука, связанного с наличием пузырьков и суточных вариаций планктона в толще моря. Показаны возможности и проведены оценки биомассы вдоль длинных трасс в различных морях северо-западной части Тихого океана на основе рассеяния звука.
The results of studies of sound scattering in the upper layer of sea water in the North-Western Pacific Ocean are presented. Sound scattering coefficients
were measured at various frequencies from 12 to 100 kHz on the shelf and in the open ocean. The research was of interest because it was possible to monitor the variability of the marine environment structure quickly during the ship’s movement. Long-term studies of sound scattering on plankton and other micro-heterogeneities of the marine environment in Vityaz Bay, Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan, using acoustic bottom systems, allowed us to determine variations in sound scattering associated with the presence of bubbles and diurnal variations of plankton in the sea column. The possibilities of biomass along long trails in various seas of the North-West Pacific Ocean based on sound scattering are shown and estimated.
Waking Up From "Conjecture" As Well As From "Dream"
Authors: Latour Bruno 
Published: December 2020

As every ethnographer knows, in addition to the many blunders every one of us commits in the course of our fieldwork, there exist also graver mistakes when we sense a mistaken regime of reality granted to an entity. It is at those moments, usually the most revealing in the course of our inquiries, when we try to repair broken relations by some innovative move to define the status of the contrasting realities that have been open to misinterpretation. During the last quarter century I have attempted, quite systematically, to increase the number of templates by which the so-called Moderns account for themselves; not, to be sure, in their official representation (they remain staunch adepts of the Object-Subject Operating System and will swear that they are obedient naturalists), but by looking for the many occasions where they express dissatisfaction with such an official view of themselves. What I think I have documented are the protestations by many different people that a skewed template is being used to account for the mode of existence of the agencies that are most attached to them.
Merenkulun valtiontukien strateginen legitimointi
Authors: Lehto Katriina , Vinnari Eija 
Published: December 2020

Strategic legitimation of state shipping subsidies
Our purpose was to identify strategies through which different actors construct the legitimacy of state subsidies to shipping. To this end, we analysed documents and interviews using Critical Discourse Analysis. Five discourses were identified as legitimating state shipping subsidies: preventing outflagging, securing employment, maintaining logistical routes and security of supply, promoting tourism, and guaranteeing conformity among EU countries. To conclude, shipping subsidies have a legitimate position among the most important decision-making stakeholder groups in Finland, which ensures the stability and continuity of the subsidizing.
Julkisten ICT-hankintojen käyttäjäkeskeisyyden edellytysten kriittinen tarkastelu
Authors: Kautonen Heli , Nieminen Marko 
Published: December 2020

The article, titled A Critical look at the prerequisites of user-centred ICT procurements in the public sector, examines the challenges of digitalisation. It focuses on the requirements of user-centredness in the acquisition of information and communication technology (ICT) in the public sector. Previous research has examined the development of information systems and digital services through theoretical models of acceptance and success. These models are conceptually linked with the models of user-centred design (UCD). However, user-centric viewpoints do not always thrive in organisations. In this article, we present qualitative research that explores the social practices of public sector ICT procurement. We analyse the discourse in a set of public tendering notices critically and observe shortcomings in tools, competencies and attitudes that guide the procurement process. We conclude the article with suggestions towards a more user-centric approach.