bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case of primary cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma with immature features in an old man. Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with immature features or B‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma?
Authors: Ronchi Andrea , Zito Marino Federica , Vitiello Paola , Caccavale Stefano , Argenziano Giuseppe , Crisci Stefania , Franco Renato , Sica Antonello 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrimary cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms primarily occurring in the skin. Although most cases are represented by primary cutaneous follicle center cell lymphoma, primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma and leg‐type diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, other diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas and B‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma may rarely present primarily in the skin. In this setting, the presence of histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of cellular immaturity is exceedingly rare and may represent a diagnostic challenge. We present the first case of a primary cutaneous diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma characterized by diminished expression of CD45, expression of TdT and rearrangement of MYC gene. The differential diagnosis mainly included B‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, and required the genetic analysis of heavy chain (IGH) gene rearrangements.
Intravascular schwannoma: A review of a rare diagnosis
Authors: Dai Annie , Cai Jian‐ping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhile schwannoma is one of the most common types of benign peripheral nerve tumors in adults, a very unique and specific variant of schwannoma, the intravascular variant, is exceedingly rare. There have only been three previously published cases of intravascular schwannomas. Here we describe a fourth case of an intravascular schwannoma in a 47‐year‐old man with an enlarging subcutaneous nodule on his posterior calf. This is the second case of an intravascular schwannoma contained within a vein. Also included is an overview of intravascular schwannomas, including a description and discussion of the histopathological diagnosis, differential diagnoses, and schwannoma variants.
E pluribus unum and civil harmony at election time
Authors: Peters Ted 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOne way to formulate the task of the public theologian at election time is to interpret America's motto, e pluribus unum (out of many, one). Civility both presumes oneness while promoting oneness. After four years of ceaseless divisiveness from the White House, America needs political leadership that promotes a sense of belonging that includes persons of all races, ethnicities, economic classes, ages, genders, and country of origin. The public theologian combats xenophobia and the fear of replacement by demanding police reform, establishing a comprehensive national health delivery system, and comforting those who are anxious about their future in the unum.
The interaction between host and host plant influences the oviposition and performance of a generalist ectoparasitoid
Authors: Traine Juan , Cuny Maximilien A.C. , Bustos‐Segura Carlos , Benrey Betty 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe successful development of parasitoids of herbivores depends on the quality of their host, which is often affected by the host plant. Therefore, a parasitoid’s oviposition decisions will directly depend on the host, but also on plant quality. Here, we investigated the direct effects of host species and the indirect effects of the host’s food plant on the oviposition decisions and performance of the gregarious ectoparasitoid Euplectrus platyhypenae Howard (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). With a series of no‐choice experiments, we determined the oviposition and performance of the parasitoid on: (1) two caterpillar species, fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and velvet armyworm, Spodoptera latifascia Walker, reared on maize (Zea mays L., Poaceae), (2) the same caterpillars reared on maize, bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L., Fabaceae), or squash (Cucurbita pepo L., Cucurbitaceae) leaves, and (3) S. latifascia caterpillars reared on leaves of wild and cultivated lima bean, Phaseolus lunatus L. All these insects and plants originate from Mesoamerica where they have coexisted for thousands of years in the traditional agricultural system known as Milpa in which maize, beans, and squash are planted together. We found that the preferred and best combination of host and host plant for parasitoid performance was S. frugiperda on maize. Parasitoids laid larger clutches, had higher survival, and more females and larger adults emerged from S. frugiperda reared on maize. However, when both caterpillar species were reared on squash, S. latifascia was the better host. Contrary to the literature, S. frugiperda was not able to develop on bean plants. Results from the lima bean experiment showed that parasitoid performance was best when S. latifascia was reared on leaves of cultivated compared to wild lima bean. These findings are discussed in the context of mixed cropping in which the ability of generalist parasitoids to switch among hosts and host plant species could be advantageous for pest management.
Nonlinearity in interspecific interactions in response to climate change: Cod and haddock as an example
Authors: Durant Joël M. , Ono Kotaro , Stenseth Nils Chr. , Langangen Øystein 
Published: July 2020

AbstractClimate change has profound ecological effects, yet our understanding of how trophic interactions among species are affected by climate change is still patchy. The sympatric Atlantic haddock and cod are co‐occurring across the North Atlantic. They compete for food at younger stages and thereafter the former is preyed by the latter. Climate change might affect the interaction and coexistence of these two species. Particularly, the increase in sea temperature (ST) has been shown to affect distribution, population growth and trophic interactions in marine systems. We used 33‐year long time series of haddock and cod abundances estimates from two data sources (acoustic and trawl survey) to analyse the dynamic effect of climate on the coexistence of these two sympatric species in the Arcto‐Boreal Barents Sea. Using a Bayesian state‐space threshold model, we demonstrated that long‐term climate variation, as expressed by changes of ST, affected species demography through different influences on density‐independent processes. The interaction between cod and haddock has shifted in the last two decades due to an increase in ST, altering the equilibrium abundances and the dynamics of the system. During warm years (ST over ca. 4°C), the increase in the cod abundance negatively affected haddock abundance while it did not during cold years. This change in interactions therefore changed the equilibrium population size with a higher population size during warm years. Our analyses show that long‐term climate change in the Arcto‐Boreal system can generate differences in the equilibrium conditions of species assemblages.
A critical evaluation of the material properties and clinical suitability of in‐house printed and commercial tooth replicas for endodontic training
Authors: Reymus M. , Stawarczyk B. , Winkler A. , Ludwig J. , Kess S. , Krastl G. , Krug R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the suitability of several 3D‐printed resins for the manufacturing of tooth replicas for endodontic training in comparison with commercially available replicas by analysing the properties of the materials and comparing them with real teeth during endodontic training.MethodologyTooth replicas were 3D‐printed using four resins (NextDent Model, NextDent C&B, V‐Print ee and Vero White Plus) and compared with two commercially available products (VDW and Smile Factory) as well as extracted human teeth. Martens hardness, indentation modulus and radiopacity were investigated on these tooth replicas. Experienced dentists evaluated the suitability of the replicas for endodontic training by comparing them with real teeth in terms of appearance, anatomy, radiopacity, similarity to dentine during access opening, canal gauging and canal instrumentation. Data were analysed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Mann–Whitney U‐test.ResultsThe greatest hardness values were recorded for human dentine (P < 0.001), followed by V‐Print ee and the commercial tooth replica of Smile Factory. The greatest radiopacity was associated with VOC and dentine (P < 0.001) in comparison with the other materials tested. The appearance of the in‐house printed tooth replicas was subjectively evaluated by the dentists as being more realistic than the commercially available products. No differences between the replicas was detected during mechanical instrumentation of root canals.ConclusionNone of the tooth replicas were able to simulate human dentine from the perspectives evaluated. V‐Print ee had radiopacity comparable with dentine, but its hardness was not comparable with dentine.
Retrieving a Mature Reformed Doctrine of Original Sin: A Conversation with Some Recent Proposals
Authors: Leslie Andrew M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA ‘broadly Augustinian’ doctrine of original sin continues to receive support in contemporary Catholic and Protestant theological discourse as the best account of human experience and biblical teaching. Notwithstanding this, substantial challenges arise in connection with this doctrine which Catholics and Protestants have classically sought to address in their own ways. With a contemporary Protestant audience in mind, I attempt to rehabilitate the theological viability of the oft‐criticized mature Reformed doctrine of original sin which entails the immediate imputation of Adamic guilt. In dialogue with some recent dogmatic contributions, I draw upon eloquent advocates of the Reformed doctrine, such as Petrus van Mastricht and Francis Turretin, to argue that the notion of immediate imputation continues to provide a coherent and biblically defensible explanation for the just imposition of inherited corruption. Faring somewhat better than other proposals, it deserves reconsideration in contemporary reconstructions of the doctrine, especially in those which might self‐consciously seek to identify with the Protestant confessional tradition.
Detecting pathogenic variants in autoimmune diseases using high‐throughput sequencing
Authors: Field Matt A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSequencing the first human genome in 2003 took 15 years and cost $2.7 billion. Advances in sequencing technologies have since decreased costs to the point where it is now feasible to resequence a whole human genome for $1000 in a single day. These advances have allowed the generation of huge volumes of high‐quality human sequence data used to construct increasingly large catalogs of both population‐level and disease‐causing variation. The existence of such databases, coupled with a high‐quality human reference genome, means we are able to interrogate and annotate all types of genetic variation and identify pathogenic variants for many diseases. Increasingly, sequencing‐based approaches are being used to elucidate the underlying genetic cause of autoimmune diseases, a group of roughly 80 polygenic diseases characterized by abnormal immune responses where healthy tissue is attacked. Although sequence data generation has become routine and affordable, significant challenges remain with no gold‐standard methodology to identify pathogenic variants currently available. This review examines the latest methodologies used to identify pathogenic variants in autoimmune diseases and considers available sequencing options and subsequent bioinformatic methodologies and strategies. The development of reliable and robust sequencing and analytic workflows to detect pathogenic variants is critical to realize the potential of precision medicine programs where patient variant information is used to inform clinical practice.
Brucella abortus–infected platelets modulate the activation of neutrophils
Authors: Trotta Aldana , Milillo M Ayelén , Serafino Agustina , Castillo Luis A , Birnberg Weiss Federico , Delpino M Victoria , Giambartolomei Guillermo H , Fernández Gabriela C , Barrionuevo Paula 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBrucellosis is a contagious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. Platelets (PLTs) have been widely involved in the modulation of the immune response. We have previously reported the modulation of Brucella abortus–mediated infection of monocytes. As a result, PLTs cooperate with monocytes and increase their inflammatory capacity, promoting the resolution of the infection. Extending these results, in this study we demonstrate that patients with brucellosis present slightly elevated levels of complexes between PLTs and both monocytes and neutrophils. We then assessed whether PLTs were capable of modulating functional aspects of neutrophils. The presence of PLTs throughout neutrophil infection increased the production of interleukin‐8, CD11b surface expression and reactive oxygen species formation, whereas it decreased the expression of CD62L, indicating an activated status of these cells. We next analyzed whether this modulation was mediated by released factors. To discriminate between these options, neutrophils were treated with supernatants collected from B. abortus–infected PLTs. Our results show that CD11b expression was induced by soluble factors of PLTs but direct contact between cell populations was needed to enhance the respiratory burst. Additionally, B. abortus–infected PLTs recruit polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells to the site of infection. Finally, the presence of PLTs did not modify the initial invasion of PMN cells by B. abortus but improved the control of the infection at extended times. Altogether, our results demonstrate that PLTs interact with neutrophils and promote a proinflammatory phenotype which could also contribute to the resolution of the infection.
Hemocyte‐specific FREP13 abrogates the exogenous bacterial population in the hemolymph and promotes midgut endosymbionts in Anopheles stephensi
Authors: Chauhan Charu , Das De Tanwee , Kumari Seena , Rani Jyoti , Sharma Punita , Tevatiya Sanjay , Pandey Kailash C , Pande Veena , Dixit Rajnikant 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe immune blood cells “hemocytes” of mosquitoes impart a highly selective immune response against various microorganisms/pathogens. Among several immune effectors, fibrinogen‐related proteins (FREPs) have been recognized as key modulators of cellular immune responses; however, their physiological relevance has not been investigated in detail. Our ongoing comparative RNA‐sequencing analysis identified a total of 13 FREPs originating from naïve sugar‐fed, blood‐fed, bacterial challenged and Plasmodium vivax–infected hemocytes in Anopheles stephensi. Transcriptional profiling of the selected seven FREP transcripts showed distinct responses against different pathophysiological conditions, where an exclusive induction of FREP12 after 10 days of P. vivax infection was observed. This represents a possible role of FREP12 in immunity against free circulating sporozoites and needs to be explored in the future. When challenged with live bacterial injection in the thorax, we observed a higher affinity of FREP13 and FREP65 toward Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria in the mosquito hemocytes, respectively. Furthermore, we observed increased bacterial survival and proliferation, which is likely compromised by the downregulation of TEP1, in FREP13 messenger RNA–depleted mosquito hemolymph. In contrast, after blood‐feeding, we also noticed a significant delay of 24 h in the enrichment of gut endosymbionts in the FREP13‐silenced mosquitoes. Taken together, we conclude that hemocyte‐specific FREP13 carries the unique ability of tissue‐specific regulation, having an antagonistic antibacterial role in the hemolymph, and an agonistic role against gut endosymbionts.
Mn‐ and Mn/Cu‐doped PIN‐PMN‐PT piezoelectric ceramics for high‐power transducers
Authors: Watson Beecher H. , Brova Michael J. , Fanton Mark A. , Meyer Richard J. , Messing Gary L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe effects of acceptor doping with manganese as either MnO2 or MnNb2O6 (MnN) with CuO on the dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of PIN‐PMN‐PT ceramics were investigated. The 2% MnNb2O6‐doped PIN‐PMN‐PT (6Pb(Mn1/3Nb2/3)O3‐25Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3‐34Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐35PbTiO3) ceramics possessed hard properties such as high coercive field (EC) of 11.7 kV/cm, low dielectric loss (tan δ) of 0.7%, and high electromechanical quality factor (QM) of 1011. These properties were diminished in MnO2‐doped ceramics because of lower oxygen vacancy defect concentration, and exaggerated grain growth resulted in >20 µm grain size. Co‐doping with 2 mol% MnNb2O6 and 0.5 mol% CuO retained hardened properties such as high EC of 9.6 kV/cm, low tan δ of 0.6%, and high QM of 1029. MnNb2O6‐doped and MnNb2O6 + Cu co‐doped ceramics display excellent figures of merit for resonance and off‐resonance applications as well as high energy conversion efficiencies which make them promising candidates for high‐power transducer elements.
Testing trade‐offs and the dominance–impoverishment rule among ant communities
Authors: Sheard Julie K. , Nelson Annika S. , Berggreen Jeppe D. , Boulay Raphael , Dunn Robert R. , Sanders Nathan J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimAnt communities are believed to be structured by competition, with dominant species competitively excluding subordinates (the dominance–impoverishment rule). However, a high number of seemingly similar species coexist, possibly due to interspecific trade‐offs. Here, we examine the evidence for the dominance–impoverishment rule across a broad latitudinal gradient and explore whether trade‐offs explain coexistence within and among ant communities.Location40 sites in 19 countries across Europe, western North America and northern South America.TaxonFormicidae.MethodsWe conducted 2‐hr baiting experiments at each site. Three dominance scores were calculated for each species at each site where it occurred. We then examined the relationship between ant dominance and diversity and tested for the generality of three trade‐offs (dominance–discovery, dominance–thermal tolerance and dominance–generalism) within and among ant communities along with the possible effects of environmental variables on these trade‐offs.ResultsWe found no support for the dominance–impoverishment rule. Instead, overall species richness at baits was positively correlated with the number of dominant species and exhibited a unimodal relationship with the relative abundance of dominant ants. Moreover, we found little consistent evidence for the three interspecific trade‐offs.Main conclusionAlthough total species richness at baits is positively correlated with species richness of dominant species and, to a point, increasing worker numbers of dominants, trade‐offs among species do not appear to shape broad‐scale patterns of coexistence among ants. Species richness declines only when the numbers of dominant workers are very high. Together, these results suggest that while trade‐offs and the dominance–impoverishment rule might promote coexistence or shape ant communities in some locations, the evidence for their being general across communities is scant.
The co‐occurrence between symptoms of internet gaming disorder and psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence: prospective relations or common causes?
Authors: Hygen Beate Wold , Skalická Věra , Stenseng Frode , Belsky Jay , Steinsbekk Silje , Wichstrøm Lars 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundInternet gaming disorder (IGD) is highlighted as a condition for further study in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM‐5). Some studies indicate that IGD appears comorbid with other psychiatric disorders. We examine concurrent and prospective links between symptoms of IGD and symptoms of common psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence to determine whether observed comorbidity is a result of (a) reciprocal relations or (b) common underlying causes.MethodsA community sample (n = 702) of Norwegian children completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Interview (IGDI) to assess DSM‐5 defined IGD symptoms at ages 10, 12 and 14 years. The Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA) assessed symptoms of depression, anxiety, attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) at the same time points.ResultsA Random Intercept Cross‐lagged Panel Model (RI‐CLPM), which captures pure within‐person changes and adjusts for all unmeasured time‐invariant factors (e.g., genetics, parent education) revealed no associations between IGD symptoms and psychopathology, except that increased IGD symptoms at ages 10 and 12 predicted decreased symptoms of anxiety two years later.ConclusionsNo support emerged for concurrent or prospective relations between IGD and psychiatric symptoms, except in one case: increased IGD symptoms forecasted reduction in anxiety symptoms. Observed co‐occurrence between IGD symptoms and mental health problems can mainly be attributed to common underlying factors.
Effects of ipragliflozin versus metformin in combination with sitagliptin on bone and muscle in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Subanalysis of a prospective, randomized, controlled study (PRIME‐V study)
Authors: Koshizaka Masaya , Ishikawa Ko , Ishibashi Ryoichi , Maezawa Yoshiro , Sakamoto Kenichi , Uchida Daigaku , Nakamura Susumu , Yamaga Masaya , Yokoh Hidetaka , Kobayashi Akina , Onishi Shunichiro , Kobayashi Kazuki , Ogino Jun , Hashimoto Naotake , Tokuyama Hirotake , Shimada Fumio , Ohara Emi , Ishikawa Takahiro , Shoji Mayumi , Ide Shintaro , Ide Kana , Baba Yusuke , Hattori Akiko , Kitamoto Takumi , Horikoshi Takuro , Shimofusa Ryouta , Takahashi Sho , Nagashima Kengo , Sato Yasunori , Takemoto Minoru , Newby L. Kristin , Yokote Koutaro ,   the PRIME‐V study group
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionRecent randomized clinical trials have suggested that sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors might reduce cardiovascular events and heart failure, and have renal protective effects. Despite these remarkable benefits, the effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on bone and muscle are unclear.Materials and MethodsA subanalysis of a randomized controlled study was carried out to evaluate the effects of the sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, ipragliflozin, versus metformin on bone and muscle in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (baseline body mass index ≥22 kg/m2 and hemoglobin A1c 7–10%) who were already receiving sitagliptin. These patients were randomly administered ipragliflozin 50 mg or metformin 1,000–1,500 mg daily. The effects of these medications on the bone formation marker, bone alkali phosphatase; the bone resorption marker, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP‐5b); handgrip strength; abdominal cross‐sectional muscle area; and bone density of the fourth lumbar vertebra were evaluated.ResultsAfter 24 weeks of treatment, the changes in bone density of the fourth lumbar vertebra, handgrip strength and abdominal cross‐sectional muscle area were not significantly different between the two groups. However, TRACP‐5b levels increased in patients treated with ipragliflozin compared with patients treated with metformin (median 11.94 vs −10.30%, P < 0.0001), showing that ipragliflozin can promote bone resorption.ConclusionsThere were no adverse effects on bone or muscle when sitagliptin was used in combination with either ipragliflozin or metformin. However, ipragliflozin combination increased the levels of TRACP‐5b. A long‐term study is required to further understand the effects of this TRACP‐5b increase caused by ipragliflozin.