bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time to Deliver
Authors: Olabuenaga Pablo Arrocha 
Published: October 2020

Time to Deliver
In 2019, the International Law Commission (ILC) adopted its articles on the prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity and referred them to the UN General Assembly with the recommendation of adopting a multilateral treaty based on them. The General Assembly’s Sixth Committee was unable to take a decision on this matter and deferred its consideration to 2020. This article focuses on how, in resuming its discussion, the Sixth Committee will have a unique opportunity to define the process towards intergovernmental negotiations. This will close a gap in international criminal law, while generating a new dynamic in its relationship with the ILC on codification, breaking its current cyclical inertia of inaction.
2020/14 Sickness absence related to employee’s disability (DK)
Authors: Clasen Christian K. 
Published: October 2020

2020/14 Sickness absence related to employee’s disability (DK)
Recently, the Danish Eastern High Court found that an employee’s sickness absence was a result of the employer’s failure to comply with its obligation to offer reasonable accommodation for the employee’s disability. For that reason the employee, who was dismissed in pursuance of the Danish ‘120-day rule’, was entitled to compensation for unfair dismissal under the Danish Anti-Discrimination Act.
2020/18 Prohibition of dismissal of pregnant employee (RO)
Authors: Suciu Andreea , Mănăilă Teodora 
Published: October 2020

2020/18 Prohibition of dismissal of pregnant employee (RO)
Analysing the national legal framework in relation to the protection of pregnant employees and employees who have recently given birth or are breastfeeding, provisions which transposed the regulations of Directive 92/85/EEC and of the conclusions in case C-103/16, Jessica Porras Guisado – v – Bankia S.A. and Others, the Constitutional Court of Romania ascertained that the dismissal prohibition of a pregnant employee is strictly restricted to reasons that have a direct connection with the employee’s pregnancy status. As for other cases where the termination of the employment contract is the result of disciplinary misconduct, unexcused absence from work, non-observance of labour discipline, or termination of employment for economic reasons or collective redundancies, the employer must submit in writing well-reasoned grounds for dismissal.
2020/20 Dismissal unfair where decision-maker was not given accurate information (UK)
Authors: Gegaden Ludivine 
Published: October 2020

2020/21 Dismissal unfair where decision-maker was not given accurate information (UK)
The dismissal of an employee for gross misconduct was unfair because the investigating officer failed to share significant new information with the manager conducting the disciplinary hearing who decided to dismiss, the Employment Appeal Tribunal has ruled.
2020/22 Works council’s right to inspect remuneration lists (GE)
Authors: Pacholski Robert 
Published: October 2020

2020/23 Works council’s right to inspect remuneration lists (GE)
The Federal Labour Court (Bundesarbeitsgericht, “BAG”) has held that a works council must be provided with the documents necessary for carrying out its duties at any time on request. A works committee or another committee of the works council formed in accordance with the provisions of the Works Constitution Act (Betriebsverfassungsgesetz, “BetrVG”) is entitled to inspect the lists of gross wages. This right to inspect is not limited to anonymized gross pay lists. Data protection considerations do not dictate that the right is limited to anonymized gross payrolls. The processing of personal data associated with the right of inspection is permitted under the European General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) and the German Federal Data Protection Act (Bundesdatenschutzgesetz, “BDSG”).
2020/23 The Supreme Court reiterates the importance of retention of an organizational and functional link between the business factors transferred, a prerequisite in the existence of a transfer of undertaking (GR)
Authors: Mitsopoulou Effie 
Published: October 2020

2020/25 The Supreme Court reiterates the importance of retention of an organizational and functional link between the business factors transferred, a prerequisite in the existence of a transfer of undertaking (GR)
The Greek Supreme Court, in a case about the transfer of a business and the obligation on the transferee to continue employing the transferred employees, underlined the importance of a thorough and genuine control on all factors to be taken into consideration in order to conclude on the existence of a transfer of undertaking or not: the business transferred must retain an autonomous economic identity, in the sense that the functional link between the different factors transferred is retained, thus allowing the new entity to use them in order to exercise an economic activity identical or similar to the previous one.
2020/26 Entitlement to allowance in lieu of untaken paid annual leave had lapsed because of garden leave (NL)
Authors: de Vries Lisa , Vos Jan-Pieter 
Published: October 2020

2020/28 Entitlement to allowance in lieu of untaken paid annual leave had lapsed because of garden leave (NL)
Applying the ECJ’s Maschek judgment, the Zutphen subdistrict court has found that an employee was not entitled to an allowance in lieu of untaken paid annual leave at the end of the employment relationship, as she had already received special leave. Moreover, the obligation to inform the employee concerning the right to (exercise) paid annual leave did not rest upon the employer.
Fake trailers as imaginary paratexts
Authors: Korsgaard Mathias Bonde 
Published: October 2020

In recent years, trailers have undergone several changes due to the fact that they are now distributed online. The new possibilities in digital production and distribution have also led to the rise of new remix formats that parody and challenge trailer conventions. This article engages with the audiovisual aesthetics of so-called fake trailers in order to deliberate on their paradoxical promotional status. In terms of their audiovisual aesthetics, it is shown how such trailer remixes are driven equally much by the creative (mis)use of sound/music as by rearranging pre-existing shots visually. In terms of their promotional status, it is argued that even though fake trailers have most commonly been seen as proof of an increase in media literacy or as a means for ridiculing trailer conventions, they are nonetheless also firmly entangled in the promotional culture they allegedly aim to denounce. This is exemplified through an examination of the trailer parody "How To Make A Blockbuster Movie Trailer” (2017) made by the remix-duo Auralnauts.
Talking, Walking and Making in Cheetham Park
Authors: Gilmore Abigail , Lang Luciana 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS A CASE STUDY OF AN INTERDISCIPLINARY PROJECT IN A SMALL VICTORIAN PUBLIC PARK IN MANCHESTER. THE PROJECT WAS A COLLABORATION BETWEEN MANCHESTER JEWISH MUSEUM AND THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, WHICH AIMED TO FOSTER PARTICIPATION AND A SENSE OF OWNERSHIP AMONGST LOCAL RESIDENTS, PARK USERS AND MUSEUM VISITORS, AND CREATE A SUSTAINABLE SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE TO LOOK AFTER THIS PARTICULAR PUBLIC SPACE. ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS AND AN ARTIST-IN-RESIDENCE WORKED TOGETHER USING A RANGE OF PARTICIPATORY METHODS WE SUMMARISE AS ‘TALKING, WALKING AND MAKING’. HERE WE REFLECT CRITICALLY THROUGH THE FRAMEWORK OF ‘THE COMMONS’ TO IDENTIFY HOW AND WHY THE PROJECT FAILED TO PRODUCE ITS INTENDED OUTCOMES. WE FOCUS ON ONE OBJECT, THE PARK'S SHELTER; AND ONE EVENT, THE PARK’S 130TH ANNIVERSARY, AS ‘BOUNDARY OBJECTS’ (STAR & GRIESEMER, 1989) TO REVEAL THE DISSONANT WORLD-VIEWS OF THE PROJECT’S PARTICIPANTS, CRITICALLY ASSESS ITS PARTICIPATORY METHODS, AND OFFER REFLEXIVITY FROM A MULTIDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE.
Redefining Failure
Authors: Harper Sarah 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
THE EXPECTATION FOR PARTICIPATORY ARTS TO EFFECTIVELY ENGAGE TARGETED COMMUNITIES MIGHT LEAD TO THE CONCLUSION THAT NON-PARTICIPATION IS FAILURE. BUT IS IT NECESSARILY FAILURE? FOR ARTISTS NAVIGATING “ENTANGLED TERRITORIES” (HALVORSEN, 2017) AND “COMPETING NARRATIVES” (THOMPSON, 2009) IN THE MULTI-CULTURAL PARIS BANLIEUE, NON-PARTICIPATION OR REFUSAL IS AN INEVITABILITY THAT NEEDS TO BE EMBRACED. DRAWING ON THEORIES OF PARTICIPATION FROM THE FIELDS OF SOCIALLY ENGAGED PERFORMANCE, SOCIOLOGY, GEOGRAPHY AND CULTURAL STUDIES, THIS ARTICLE EXPLORES THE VALUE AND NUANCES OF INVISIBLE, MINIMAL, PERIPHERAL OR CONDITIONAL PARTICIPATION ENCOUNTERED IN THE NARROW SPACES FOR MANOEUVRE BETWEEN STAKEHOLDERS’ CONFLICTING AGENDAS. IT ARGUES THAT REFUSALS DO NOT NECESSARILY NEGATE THE WORK, AND THAT ATTENDING TO, AND REDEFINING, THESE MOMENTS MAY BE KEY TO UNDERSTANDING NOT ‘HOW TO GET PEOPLE TO PARTICIPATE BETTER’, BUT HOW TO PERCEIVE NON-PARTICIPATION AS AN ELOQUENT AFFIRMATION OF AGENCY AND A SIGNIFICANT PARTICIPATION IN SOMETHING ELSE.
Unfinished Business
Authors: Hope Sophie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
SOCIALLY ENGAGED ART HAS, FOR SOME, BECOME A PROFESSIONALISED, FREELANCE FUNDED FORM OF LABOUR. IT IS WORK THAT INVOLVES EMOTIONAL LABOUR, EMPATHY AND COMPASSION, DEMONSTRATED BY THE TRUST THAT IS OFTEN NEEDED BETWEEN (PAID) ARTISTS AND (UNPAID) PARTICIPANTS IN ORDER FOR PROJECTS TO DEVELOP. IN ORDER TO PRESERVE THE ALREADY PRECARIOUS FUNDING OF THIS INDUSTRY THERE IS A TENDENCY TO PROMOTE THE POSITIVE AND SUCCESSFUL ASPECTS OF THESE PROJECTS. THIS ARTICLE EXPLORES HOW THE IMPERATIVE TO PRESENT THE WORK IN A POSITIVE LIGHT HAS LED TO A CULTURE OF SILENCE AND INDIVIDUALISED ABSORPTION OF FAILURE WHEN THINGS START TO GO WRONG. THROUGH A RE-EXAMINATION OF A SERIES OF PERFORMATIVE INTERVIEWS, THE ARTICLE REFLECTS ON THIS PLAYFUL METHOD FOR SPEAKING OUT ABOUT UNFINISHED, CANCELLED OR COMPROMISED SOCIALLY ENGAGED ART JOBS. IN DOING SO, THE THEATRICAL FRAMEWORKS OF BOTH THE SOCIALLY ENGAGED ART JOB AND RESEARCH INTERVIEW ARE BROUGHT INTO FOCUS.
Drumming Up an Audience
Authors: Bradby Lawrence , Stewart Judith 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
FUNDING STREAMS DESIGNED TO ENABLE WIDER PARTICIPATION WITH CONTEMPORARY VISUAL ART OFTEN FAIL TO MEET THEIR OBJECTIVES. FACED WITH THE NEED TO SHOW INCREASED ENGAGEMENT IN RETURN FOR PUBLIC FUNDING, FEAR OF FAILURE HAS LED MANY ORGANISATIONS TO TURN TO WHAT WE DESCRIBE AS THE ‘ART-SPECTACLE’: PUBLIC ARTWORKS DEVELOPED AS A MEANS OF DEMONSTRATING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION. WHAT IS THE NATURE OF THE ENGAGEMENT WHEN LARGE CROWDS ENCOUNTER AN ART-SPECTACLE? WHEN ART-SPECTACLES APPROPRIATE AN EXISTING CULTURAL FORM AND REBRAND IT AS ‘ART’, BY WHAT CRITERIA CAN IT BE JUDGED A SUCCESS OR FAILURE? OUR DISCUSSION CENTRES ON THE HISTORY TRAIN, AN EVENT THAT FORMED PART OF BRITISH ART SHOW 8 IN NORWICH IN 2016. AS IT RECEIVED FUNDING TO ENGAGE NEW AUDIENCES, WE ASSESS THE HISTORY TRAIN AGAINST THE CRITERIA BY WHICH THE FUNDING WAS AWARDED. WE ALSO LOOK AT THE DEGREE TO WHICH IT MET DEBORD’S (1983) LOGIC OF SPECTACLE AND THE NECESSITY OF VISIBILITY OVER EXPERIENCE.
Demographic Characteristics and Social Anxiety among Tertiary Institution Students in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Omoyemiju Michael Adeniyi , Oluwatosin Sehinde Akintomide 
Published: October 2020

Aims: This study aimed to determine the level of social anxiety across demographic characteristics of tertiary students in Osun State, Nigeria.
Design: The study employed a survey design method.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Educational Foundations and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, between August 2019 and February 2020.
Methodology: A sample of 1600 tertiary institution students (690 male, 910 female; age range 15-38 years) was selected using proportionate stratified sampling technique from four (two public and two private) institutions. Data were collected with the use of Leibowitz Social Anxiety Scale.
Results: Of 1600 students sampled, 0.5% had no symptom of social anxiety while 10.3%, 76.4%, and 12.8% exhibited mild, moderate and severe levels of social anxiety. In addition, there was a significant predictive contribution of demographic factors on students’ social anxiety (R = 0.186, P = 0.000).
Conclusion: The study concluded that social anxiety among tertiary institution students was high. Hence, necessary policies to reduce its degree is required from education policy makers while counselling psychologists and mental health experts are also required to develop effective treatment programmes to mitigate its effects on students.
Livelihood Implications of Pulse in an Operating Cropping System
Authors: Mandal Subham , Mondal Kabita , Ghoshal Swagata , Pal Dibyendu , Biswas Amitava , Acharya S. K. 
Published: October 2020

Aims: To delineate the general status of pulse cultivation and enterprise in West Bengal and estimate the nature, level and direction of interactive relationships among the dependent variables, wages and man-days required in pulse crop cultivation, a set of economic and ecological variables were selected for the study.
Study Design: The locale was selected by purposive sampling technique and the respondents, pulse cultivators, were selected by the simple random sampling method.
Place of Study: Dhanara and Manara GP of the Manbazar-1 and Purulia-1 block of Purulia district in West Bengal were purposively selected for the study.
Methodology: In this study 75 respondents, following pulse cultivation, were selected by the simple random sampling method. A preliminary interview schedule was administered to understand the knowledge, perceptions and attitudes of the people towards climate changes concept, communication and extension system, effect of climate change on pulse production.
The gathered data were analysed with multivariate analysis. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences V20.0 (SPSS) of IBM was used for analyzing the Coefficient of Correlation, Multiple Regression followed by Stepwise Regression.
Results: Education (X2), Size of holding(x6), Cropping Intensity(x8), Distance From Market(x12) and Crop Biodiversity(x16) variables were found to exert strong and determining contribution to estimate dependent variables wages (y1) and man-days (y2) required in pulse crop cultivation and the set of economic and ecological variables as selected for the study.
Conclusion: The present study has uniquely landed on the value of some important empirical revelation. It can be concluded that pulse as a new intern crop enterprise has been responsive to crop biodiversity, soil health management, and distributive nature of land-resource in the form of fragments and also other ecological and economical aspects. This crop has got a big role for stabilizing national economy by putting up a deterrent to export expenditure in procures pulses from outside India.
Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Methylene Blue Adsorption on Polyfurfuryl Alcohol-Derived Templated Carbon and Activated Carbon from H3PO4-Impregnated Moringa oleifera Seed Hull
Authors: Myina O. M. , Wuana R. A. , Eneji I. S. , Ato R. Sha’ 
Published: October 2020

This work probes the kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous phase on a templated carbon (TC) synthesized from polyfurfuryl alcohol using kaolinite template at 773 K; and activated carbon produced by the pyrolysis of H3PO4-impregnated Moringa oleifera seed hull (MOSH) at 723 K. Factors such as initial concentration of MB (1-3 mg/50 mL), reaction time (0-60 min.) and temperature (302-328 K) for the process were investigated using isotherms, sorption kinetics and thermodynamics. From the results obtained, adsorption of MB on TC fits both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms well. The Langmuir isotherm describes adsorption of MB on the activated carbon from MOSH (MOSHC) better than the Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption capacities of the active carbons observed for MB were 29.3 mg/g for TC and 29.8 mg/g for MOSHC. The thermodynamic values evaluated: (14.15 kJ/mol. and 11.48 kJ/mol.), (87.93 kJ/mol. K and 49.55 kJ/mol. K) and (7.10 kJ/mol. and 14.26 kJ/mol.) for TC and MOSHC respectively, indicate endothermic and physical nature of adsorption, and enhanced randomness at the adsorbate-adsorbent interface. The sticking probability ( ) values (3.25 x 10–3 and 1.36 x 10–4 for TC and MOSHC respectively) show that the probability of MB molecules sticking on the surfaces of these active carbons is very high, with that for MOSHC being higher. Negative values (– 12.28 to – 14.68 kJ/mol.K and – 3.56 to – 4.92 kJ/mol.K) for TC and MOSHC respectively, at 302–328 K confirms a spontaneous adsorption process dominated by physisorption. Adsorption of MB on TC supports multilayer formation and was dominated by pseudo-second order kinetics while its adsorption on MOSHC was dominated by pseudo-first order kinetics with a single MB molecule occupying more than one active site. MOSHC, the low-cost adsorbent prepared, is thus very assuring for the removal of organic pollutants like MB from aqueous systems.
Effects of Heavy Metals on Agronomic Attributes of Some Selected Cereal Crops (Zea mays and Sorghum bicolor)
Authors: Ameh G. I. , Nwamba H. O. , Nwani C. D. , Ofordile E. C. 
Published: October 2020

Aims: To investigate the effect of Heavy metals on the growth of Zea mays (Z. mays) and Sorghum bicolour (S. bicolour).
Study Design: Laboratory-experimental design was used in this study.
Place of Study: The heavy metal polluted soil samples were collected from Crush Rock Industries Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, while control soil samples were obtained from the Zoological Garden of the Department of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology.
Methodology: The seeds of the two plants were collected from the Enugu State Ministry of Agriculture. The experimental setup consisted of 16 contaminated potted soils, 8 each for Z. mays and S. bicolor. Another 8 potted soils not contaminated with heavy metals served as control. Fourteen days after germination, the following growth parameters were measured (in cm); plant heights, number of leaves, stem girth, and leaf area.
Results: The polluted soil sample was slightly acidic; (pH was 6.34±0.29). It had a higher cation exchange capacity (21.80±0.33), Cd (25.18±0.34), Cr (10.20±0.21), Cu (28.54±0.49), Pb (9.92±0.36), but lesser soil organic carbon (0.87±0.10). Plant samples cultivated in contaminated soil showed the least favourable vegetative growth.
Conclusion: Comparing the results obtained from the control sample, it was deduced that these heavy metals have adverse effect on the vegetative growth of Z. mays and S. bicolor.
Vaginal Microbiocenosis Features in HIV-positive Women of Fertile Age
Authors: Marianian Anait Yuryevna , Rashidova Maria Alexandrovna , Kolesnikova Lyubov Ilinichna 
Published: October 2020

Aim and Objective of Our Study: The aim and objective of our study is to analyze the research data that has been studying the effect of HIV infection on vaginal microbiocenosis and further, to determine the differences in dysbiotic disorders in seronegative and seropositive women. We have also assessed the effect of vaginal microbiota on pre-exposure prophylaxis of HIV.
Materials and Methods: Evaluation of the Russian and other countries results on the microbiota of HIV-positive women studies, published in international databases.
Results: The analysis of the research data aimed at studying the effect of HIV infection on the vaginal microbiocenosis indicates that dysbiotic disorders in HIV-infected patients are significantly more frequent. It has been revealed that the atypical clinical picture of changes in the vaginal microbiocenosis prevails. It has been noted that there is a correlation of vaginal microbiocenosis in HIV-positive women and indicators of systemic immunity, CD4 + cell levels.
Conclusion: Based on analysis of published in international databases Russian and other countries studies results on the HIV-positive women microbiota, it was found that there is a need for additional studies of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota of HIV-positive women. It is need to assess the of the vaginalmicrobiotaand other possible connected factors ability to change the concentration of antiretroviral drugs.
Ego-Identity of Women in the Reproductive Age with Pcos and Their Socio-Demographic Determinants
Authors: Marianian Anait Yuryevna , Kuzmin Mikhail Yuryevich , Markova Daria Pavlovna 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The purpose of the research is to identify the ego-identity nature of women of reproductive age with PCOS and socio-demographic factors determining this pattern.
Methods: The methods, used in the study, are as follows: "SEI-test" by EL Soldatova, Life-Line test by A.A. Kronik, «Twenty statements test» (TST) by M. Kuhn and T. McPartland; the total sample included 140 women (70 women with PCOS, 70 without PCOS).
Results: In women of reproductive age, diagnosed with PCOS, the status of Ego-identity Achievement prevails compared to women without this diagnosis. Patients with PCOS also show much less complete representation of their past and future life. Finally, women PCOS describe themselves in categories related to identity social component (career, self-development, etc.), rather than the interpersonal component (family sphere). Influence analysis of socio-demographic factors on the identity of women with PCOS showed that a greater number of external factors determine their identity compared to women without this diagnosis. The ego-identity of such women depends on their marital status and place of residence.
Conclusion: Women of reproductive age with PCOS, the status of Ego-identity Achievement prevails, compared to women without PCOS, similar by marital, age, and social status. It means they are responsible for their choice and control over their emotions.
Essential, not peripheral: Addressing health care workers’ mental health concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Guerrini Christi J , Storch Eric A , McGuire Amy L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this Opinion, we synthesize recent evidence regarding the mental health impacts of the pandemic with an emphasis on health care workers. Departing from the literature that has already been published on this topic, we focus on health care workers with mental health concerns that preexisted the pandemic and discuss evidence suggesting that this population has suffered disproportionately from pandemic conditions.
COVID‐19: A Cloud with a Silver Lining for Renewable Energy?
Authors: Khanna Madhu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCOVID‐19 has led to an unprecedented reduction in demand for energy for transportation and electricity, a crash in prices and employment in the fossil fuel industries and record‐breaking reductions in global carbon emissions. This paper discusses whether this “demand destruction” could spell the beginning of the end for fossil fuels or a temporary recession and the imperative to recover from the current crisis by “building back better” and not the same as before. There are encouraging signs for the renewable energy industry that could make COVID‐19 a cloud with a silver lining; whether this is the case will depend not only on the technological realities and social response to the crisis but also on political will and foresight.
Revisiting the Digital Divide in the COVID‐19 Era
Authors: Lai John , Widmar Nicole O. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe digital divide limits opportunities for those without ready access to Internet. Movement online of essential activities during COVID‐19 took inadequate Internet service from inconvenient to emergency/crisis for many households. A negative correlation between rurality and Internet speed was found at the county level, highlighting the struggle for rural areas. Schools tackle challenges of providing equitable educational access by attempting to provide access for students, while even households with service available struggle to maintain sufficient speeds and/or can afford it. Essential activities moved online, yet sufficient Internet is an essential public service that remains unattainable for many US households.