bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrogenesis of Neoarchean Mangikhuta Volcanic Complex, Dongargarh Supergroup, Central India: Insights from Relict Clinopyroxene Chemistry
Authors: Khare Sunil Kumar , Asthana Deepanker 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Clinopyroxene relict magmatic phases in Neoarchean Mangikhuta volcanics are described in detail in terms of their geochemistry for the first time, and their petrogenetic insights obtained. EPMA study indicates their restricted compositional range. Elemental variation diagrams show progressive variation of Al, Ca, Si, Fe+3, Ti, Cr, Aly and Aly/Alz, Ti/Al, Fe+2/Fe+3 elemental ratios with fractionation, which establishes their equilibrium conditions during crystallization differentiation. On pyroxene quadrilateral, they plot along fractionation trend of augite. Ca-Al Tschermak, esseneite and Tp are the “other components” in these clinopyroxenes. Progressive variation of other components indicates decrease of pH2O and fO2 of the magma during fractionation. Other components of clinopyroxenes and chondrite normalized whole rock REE patterns indicate minor fractionation of plagioclase in primitive magma. However, plagioclase became a major precipitating phase in later stage of fractionation. Clinopyroxene geobarometer and geothermometer indicate 0-3 kb pressure and 1100-12500 C temperature of crystallization of Mangikhuta clinopyroxenes. Mangikhuta complex have typically high normative orthopyroxene content (35–45 vol. %) now altered to Mg-Al-Fe chlorite. The Mangikhuta magma was highly aqueous and after genesis, it ascended rapidly giving rise to silica-aluminacalc-alkaline series rocks. In the late magmatic history, there was reaction between orthopyroxene and water and plagioclase and water so that Mg(Al, Fe)SiO3 pyroxene converted to Mg(Fe, Al) chlorite and prehnite.
Hydrochemical Characterization for Groundwater Suitability in a Semi-Arid Area in Sanganer Block, Jaipur District, Rajasthan
Authors: Rahman Abdur , Tiwari K. K. , Mondal N. C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Major hydrochemical ionic concentrations in groundwater has been analyzed during dry and wet periods (pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods, respectively) in a semi-arid Sanganer block, Jaipur district, Rajasthan, India. The standard methods were utilized for evaluating its appropriateness for irrigation and drinking uses. Results indicate that groundwater is moderately alkaline and predominantly Ca-Na-HCO3-type. About 38.8, 33.3, 33.3 and 22.2% samples for TDS, Cl–, NO3– and F– concentrations, respectively, have exceeded the guidelines of drinking water standards in the dry period whereas in the wet period, about 44.4, 33.3, 44.4 and 16.6%, respectively. The EC, SAR, RSC, Na%, KR, and MAR parameters indicate that the majority of samples are unsuitable for irrigation. Gibbs diagram suggests that the hydrochemistry is dominatingly impacted by the evaporation mechanism. Chloro-alkaline indices adapted show that the study area mostly belong to the discharge areas. The corrosivity ratio indicates that only PVC pipes could be utilized in an area of 280 km2 for the groundwater based water supply. Further percentage of pollution index shows that groundwater is adversely impacted partially by the anthropogenic activities. But the Na++K+ vs. Cl– plot illustrates that the combined Na+-K+ contribution is from the silicate weathering.
BIM-based LCA and energy analysis for optimised sustainable building design in Ghana
Authors: Asare Kofi A. B. , Ruikar Kirti D. , Zanni Mariangela , Soetanto Robby 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntegration of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is regarded as useful for making design decisions regarding the environmental and health impacts of building products and materials. This research aimed at studying the process of BIM-LCA integration to assist designers in making sustainable material and product selection decisions in Ghana. A guidance framework for implementation of BIM-LCA supported by energy analysis has been developed to aid optimisation of sustainable design solutions based on simulations using Autodesk Revit as a BIM authoring tool, Green Building Studio and Tally to perform energy and LCA simulations on a hypothetical two-bedroom single-family house. The research considers both operational and embodied carbon effects of the design solution. The framework aligns with the RIBA Plan of Work 2013 Stages 0–2 (i.e. Strategic definition, Preparation and briefing, and Concept design) and presents a systematic approach for BIM-based LCA estimation for the early design stages using the Business Process Modelling Notation. The paper proposes a generic approach which has the potential to incorporate LCA as an integral part to the BIM-enabled design development process. This assists designers in decision-making that consider environmental impacts of materials and energy consumption as part of sustainable building design considerations.
Primary aeromedical retrieval crew composition: Do different teams impact clinical outcomes? A descriptive systematic review
Authors: Laverty Colin , Tien Homer , Beckett Andrew , Nathens Avery , Rivest-Caissy JP , da Luz Luis Teodoro 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesMilitary Forward Aeromedical Evacuation and civilian Helicopter Emergency Medical Services are widely used to conduct Primary Aeromedical Retrieval. Crew composition in Primary Aeromedical Retrieval missions varies considerably. The ideal composition is unknown. Thus, we conducted a descriptive systematic review on mortality and other outcomes for different Primary Aeromedical Retrieval crew compositions.MethodsMedline, Embase, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched up to January 2020. Results were reported per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Studies of adult trauma air transported by different crews were included. Population, injury severity, crew composition, procedures, and outcomes, including mortality, were abstracted. Risk of bias was assessed using previously validated tools. A lack of reported effect measures precluded a quantitative analysis.ResultsSixteen studies met inclusion criteria (3 prospective studies, 1 case-control, and 12 retrospective). Overall, studies reported a mortality benefit associated with advanced health care providers. This was most apparent in patients with severe but survivable injuries. In this population, early rapid sequence induction, endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, thoracostomies, blood products transfusion, and treatment of hemorrhagic shock are better performed by advanced providers and may improve outcomes. The quality of evidence reported a moderate risk of bias in the included studies.ConclusionsOverall, findings were divergent but showed a trend to decreased mortality in patients treated by advanced providers with interventions beyond the basic paramedic level. This trend was most significant in patients with severe but survivable injuries. These results should be cautiously interpreted because most studies were observational, had small sample sizes, and had a high potential for confounding factors.
Reading Modern Art in the Arab World from Morocco and Qatar
Authors: Powers Holiday 
Published: October 2020

AbstractModern Art in the Arab World is a collection of approximately 125 primary documents dealing with the debates around modernism in the Arab world dating between 1882 to 1987. This essay responds to the book from two perspectives: first, as an academic researching modernism in Morocco, and second, as a Qatar-based professor that teaches undergraduate courses about modern and contemporary Arab art. The book highlights a broadly defined and heterogeneous Arab world that extends from Morocco to the Gulf, and the selected texts create new conversations between these varied movements. It is evidence of the changing nature of this field of study. As a tool for teaching, the book offers signposts about what the editors consider to be the most significant debates and events in a given place while also creating the possibility for reading these movements transnationally.
Effect of supplementing palmitic acid and altering the dietary ratio of n-6:n-3 fatty acids in low-fibre diets on production responses of dairy cows
Authors: Ghasemi E. , Golabadi D. , Piadeh A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSupplementing palmitic acid (C16 : 0) in combination with modifying the dietary n-6:n-3 fatty acid (FA) ratio may benefit energy metabolism and milk responses of dairy cows. Twelve Holstein cows (70 (sd 11) days in milk) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square and allocated to four low-fibre diets (18·5 % forage neutral-detergent fibre) supplemented with no FA (CON), or 2·4 % C16 : 0-enriched supplement (PAL), 2·4 % mixture (2:1) of C16 : 0 and n-6 FA (PW6), and mixture (2:1) of C16 : 0 and n-3 FA (PW3). The dietary ratio of n-6:n-3 was increased with PW6 (10:1) and decreased with PW3 (2·8:1), whereas PAL alone made no change in the ratio (about 7:1). Compared with CON, all FA-supplemented treatments increased milk yield. However, feed and energy intakes were higher in PAL than PW3 or PW6, resulting in greater feed efficiency for PW3 and PW6 than PAL. Dietary FA supplements decreased milk protein concentration but tended to increase protein yield. Compared with CON and FA mixtures, PAL increased milk fat content and tended to increase milk SFA and atherosclerotic index. The concentration of milk n-3 FA was similar between CON and PW3. Feeding PAL increased milk energy output and decreased energy partitioning towards body reserves (−4·2 %), while this measure was positive for other treatments. Blood TAG and NEFA concentrations, but not β-hydroxybutyrate, were increased by FA-supplemented treatments. Feeding C16 : 0 combined with either n-6 or n-3 FA enhanced feed efficiency, alleviated the negative impacts on body energy reserves, but lowering the dietary n-6:n-3 ratio improved the FA profile of milk.
Lockdown measures and relative changes in the age-specific incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain
Authors: De Salazar P.M. , Gómez-Barroso D. , Pampaka D. , Gil J.M. , Peñalver B. , Fernández-Escobar C. , Lipsitch M. , Larrauri A. , Goldstein E. , Hernán M.A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDuring the first months of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic in 2020, Spain implemented an initial lockdown period on 15 March followed by a strengthened lockdown period on 30 March when only essential workers continued to commute to work. However, little is known about the epidemic dynamics in different age groups during these periods.We used the daily number of coronavirus 2019 cases (by date of symptom onset) reported to the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network among individuals aged 15–19 years through 65–69 years. For each age groupg, we computed the proportion PrE(g) of individuals in age groupgamong all reported cases aged 15–69 years during the pre-lockdown period (1−10 March 2020) and the corresponding proportion PrL(g) during two lockdown periods (initial: 25 March−3 April; strengthened: 8–17 April 2020). For each lockdown period, we computed the proportion ratios PR(g) = PrL(g)/PrE(g). For each pair of age groupsg1,g2, PR(g1)>PR(g2) implies a relative increase in the incidence of detected SARS-CoV-2 infection in the age groupg1compared withg2for the lockdown periodvs.the pre-lockdown period.For the initial lockdown period, the highest PR values were in age groups 50–54 years (PR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.12,1.30) and 55–59 years (PR = 1.19; 1.11,1.27). For the second lockdown period, the highest PR values were in age groups 15–19 years (PR = 1.26; 0.95,1.68) and 50–54 years (PR = 1.20; 1.09,1.31).Our results suggest that different outbreak control measures led to different changes in the relative incidence by age group. During the initial lockdown period, when non-essential work was allowed, individuals aged 40–64 years, particularly those aged 50–59 years, had a higher relative incidence compared with the pre-lockdown period. Younger adults/older adolescents had an increased relative incidence during the later, strengthened lockdown. The role of different age groups during the epidemic should be considered when implementing future mitigation efforts.
Obsessive–compulsive disorder—contamination fears, features, and treatment: novel smartphone therapies in light of global mental health and pandemics (COVID-19)
Authors: Jalal Baland , Chamberlain Samuel R. , Robbins Trevor W. , Sahakian Barbara J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis review aims to shed light on the symptoms of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) with a focus on contamination fears. In addition, we will briefly review the current therapies for OCD and detail what their limitations are. A key focus will be on discussing how smartphone solutions may provide approaches to novel treatments, especially when considering global mental health and the challenges imposed by rural environments and limited resources; as well as restrictions imposed by world-wide pandemics such as COVID-19. In brief, research that questions this review will seek to address include: (1) What are the symptoms of contamination-related OCD? (2) How effective are current OCD therapies and what are their limitations? (3) How can novel technologies help mitigate challenges imposed by global mental health and pandemics/COVID-19.
The impact of including babies on the effectiveness of dialectical behaviour therapy skills groups in a community perinatal service
Authors: Greaves Adele E. , McKenzie Hannah , O’Brien Rachel , Roberts Anna , Alexander Kate 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground:Perinatal mental illnesses are a major public health issue, which untreated can have devastating impacts on women and their families. Problems with emotion regulation are a common feature across perinatal mental illnesses.Aims:This study sought to evaluate the impacts of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) skills groups for mothers and babies in a community perinatal service. We hypothesised that community perinatal DBT skills groups that included babies would reduce distress and improve emotional regulation.Method:A mixed-methods within-subjects design was utilised with outcome measures collected pre- and post-intervention. Qualitative interviews exploring mothers’ experiences of bringing their baby to group were also conducted.Results:Results indicated that DBT skills groups significantly improved levels of psychological distress and emotional regulation.Conclusions:Community perinatal DBT skills groups are effective when babies are present. Moreover, benefits of including babies were identified, under the themes of Self as Mother, Shared Experience, and Impact of Babies.
DOING WITHOUT ACTION TYPES
Authors: DUIJF HEIN , BROERSEN JAN , KUNCOVÁ ALEXANDRA , RAMÍREZ ABARCA ALDO IVÁN 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the analysis of ability, where ability is to be understood in the epistemic sense—in contrast to what might be called a causal sense. There are plenty of cases where an agent is able to perform an action that guarantees a given result even though she does not know which of her actions guarantees that result. Such an agent possesses the causal ability but lacks the epistemic ability. The standard analysis of such epistemic abilities relies on the notion of action types—as opposed to action tokens—and then posits that an agent has the epistemic ability to do something if and only if there is an action type available to her that she knows guarantees it. We show that these action types are not needed: we present a formalism without action types that can simulate analyzes of epistemic ability that rely on action types. Our formalism is a standard epistemic extension of the theory of “seeing to it that”, which arose from a modal tradition in the logic of action.
Evaluating the Potential of Legumes to Mitigate N2O Emissions From Permanent Grassland Using Process‐Based Models
Authors: Fuchs Kathrin , Merbold Lutz , Buchmann Nina , Bellocchi Gianni , Bindi Marco , Brilli Lorenzo , Conant Richard T. , Dorich Christopher D. , Ehrhardt Fiona , Fitton Nuala , Grace Peter , Klumpp Katja , Liebig Mark , Lieffering Mark , Martin Raphaël , McAuliffe Russell , Newton Paul C. D. , Rees Robert M. , Recous Sylvie , Smith Pete , Soussana Jean‐François , Topp Cairistiona F. E. , Snow Val 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA potential strategy for mitigating nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from permanent grasslands is the partial substitution of fertilizer nitrogen (Nfert) with symbiotically fixed nitrogen (Nsymb) from legumes. The input of Nsymb reduces the energy costs of producing fertilizer and provides a supply of nitrogen (N) for plants that is more synchronous to plant demand than occasional fertilizer applications. Legumes have been promoted as a potential N2O mitigation strategy for grasslands, but evidence to support their efficacy is limited, partly due to the difficulty in conducting experiments across the large range of potential combinations of legume proportions and fertilizer N inputs. These experimental constraints can be overcome by biogeochemical models that can vary legume‐fertilizer combinations and subsequently aid the design of targeted experiments. Using two variants each of two biogeochemical models (APSIM and DayCent), we tested the N2O mitigation potential and productivity of full factorial combinations of legume proportions and fertilizer rates for five temperate grassland sites across the globe. Both models showed that replacing fertilizer with legumes reduced N2O emissions without reducing productivity across a broad range of legume‐fertilizer combinations. Although the models were consistent with the relative changes of N2O emissions compared to the baseline scenario (200 kg N ha−1 yr−1; no legumes), they predicted different levels of absolute N2O emissions and thus also of absolute N2O emission reductions; both were greater in DayCent than in APSIM. We recommend confirming these results with experimental studies assessing the effect of clover proportions in the range 30–50% and ≤150 kg N ha−1 yr−1 input as these were identified as best‐bet climate smart agricultural practices.
Interaction of Fire, Vegetation, and Climate in Tropical Ecosystems: A Multiproxy Study Over the Past 22,000 Years
Authors: Ruan Y. , Mohtadi M. , Dupont L. M. , Hebbeln D. , van der Kaars S. , Hopmans E. C. , Schouten S. , Hyer E. J. , Schefuß E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFire causes dramatic energy and matter exchanges between biosphere and atmosphere on a regional to global scale. Predicting fires, however, is hindered by the complex interplay of fire, climate, and vegetation. Paleo‐fire records provide critical information beyond instrumental records that cover only the past few decades and may be used to assess the role of fire in large‐scale and long‐term environmental changes. Here we present a 22,000‐year multiproxy record of fire regime from a sediment core retrieved offshore South Java, Indonesia. We use microcharcoal in combination with two molecular markers of burning, levoglucosan and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, to reconstruct fire occurrence as well as fire intensity in the past. We show that fire occurrence and intensity were high during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; around 21,000 years ago) and low during the Heinrich Stadial 1 and the early Holocene. Both fire regime and vegetation in tropical regions with high annual rainfall were primarily controlled by rainfall seasonality. However, fire additionally stabilized the savannah (rainforest)‐dominated ecosystem during the LGM (early Holocene) but caused transitions between the two vegetation types during the deglaciation and the late Holocene.
Sex-specific associations between co-exposure to multiple metals and visuospatial learning in early adolescence
Authors: Rechtman Elza , Curtin Paul , Papazaharias Demetrios M. , Renzetti Stefano , Cagna Giuseppa , Peli Marco , Levin-Schwartz Yuri , Placidi Donatella , Smith Donald R. , Lucchini Roberto G. , Wright Robert O. , Horton Megan K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe predisposition, severity, and progression of many diseases differ between males and females. Sex-related differences in susceptibility to neurotoxicant exposures may provide insight into the cause of the observed discrepancy. Early adolescence, a period of substantial structural and functional brain changes, may present a critical window of vulnerability to environmental exposures. This study aimed to examine sex-specific associations between co-exposure to multiple metals and visuospatial memory in early adolescence. Manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu) were measured in blood, urine, hair, nails, and saliva of 188 participants (88 girls; 10–14 years of age). Visuospatial memory skills were assessed using a computerized maze task, the virtual radial arm maze (VRAM). Using generalized weighted quantile sum regression, we investigated sex-specific associations between the combined effect of exposure to the metal mixture and visuospatial working memory and determined the contribution of each component to the outcome. The results suggest that sex moderates the association between the metal mixture and visuospatial learning for all outcomes measured. In girls, exposure was associated with slower visuospatial learning and driven by Mn and Cu. In boys, exposure was associated with faster visuospatial learning, and driven by Cr. These results suggest that (a) the effect of metal co-exposure on learning differs in magnitude, and in the direction between sexes, and (b) early adolescence may be a sensitive developmental period for metal exposure.
Surrounding vascular geometry associated with basilar tip aneurysm formation
Authors: Zhang Jian , Can Anil , Lai Pui Man Rosalind , Mukundan Srinivasan , Castro Victor M. , Dligach Dmitriy , Finan Sean , Gainer Vivian S. , Shadick Nancy A. , Savova Guergana , Murphy Shawn N. , Cai Tianxi , Weiss Scott T. , Du Rose 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHemodynamic stress is thought to play an important role in the formation of intracranial aneurysms, which is conditioned by the geometry of the surrounding vasculature. Our goal was to identify image-based morphological parameters that were associated with basilar artery tip aneurysms (BTA) in a location-specific manner. Three-dimensional morphological parameters obtained from CT-angiography (CTA) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) from 207 patients with BTAs and a control group of 106 patients with aneurysms elsewhere to control for non-morphological factors, who were diagnosed at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital between 1990 and 2016, were evaluated. We examined the presence of hypoplastic, aplastic or fetal PCoAs, vertebral dominance, and diameters and angles of surrounding parent and daughter vessels. Univariable and multivariable statistical analyses were performed to determine statistical significance. Sensitivity analyses with small (≤ 3 mm) aneurysms only and with angles excluded, were also performed. In multivariable analysis, daughter–daughter angle was directly, and parent artery diameter and diameter size ratio were inversely associated with BTAs. These results remained significant in the subgroup analysis of small aneurysms (width ≤ 3 mm) and when angles were excluded. These easily measurable and robust parameters that are unlikely to be affected by aneurysm formation could aid in risk stratification for the formation of BTAs in high-risk patients.