bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KNOWLEDGE OF AGEISM AND ATTITUDES ABOUT AGING AS A CORE COMPETENCY FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Marrs Sarah , Gendron Tracey , Waters Leland , Inker Jenny , McIntyre Maddie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Senior mentoring programs have been established that provide medical students exposure to a community-dwelling older adult mentor with whom they meet multiple times throughout the program. The goal of these programs is to expose students to healthy older adults, increase knowledge of geriatrics, and prepare them to care for an aging population. However, even while participating in a senior mentoring program, health professions students still demonstrate some discriminatory language towards older adults (e.g., Gendron, Inker, & Welleford, 2018). In fact, research suggests ageist practices occur, intentionally or not, among health professions in disciplines such as medicine, nursing, and social work and even within assisted and long-term care facilities (e.g., Bowling, 1999; Dobbs et al., 2008; Kane & Kane, 2005). We evaluated a senior mentoring program to gauge the impact of a new pedagogical approach and to gain a deeper understanding of the learning gained in relation to ageism and elderhood. This qualitative content analysis explored first-year medical students’ opinions of their own aging and attitudes towards caring for older adults. Students (n = 216) participating in a brief curriculum model of a senior mentoring program responded to the following open-ended prompts before and after the program: 1) How do you feel about your own aging?; 2) How do you feel about working with older adult patients after you complete your medical training? Responses suggest that students’ views of their own aging and views towards towards working with older patients are positively impacted by their experiences in the senior mentoring program.
LEARNING LIFE COURSE CONCEPTS THROUGH FILM
Authors: Hall Lisa C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper explains how students learned foundational concepts through viewing a commercial film. The students (mostly social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences majors) were enrolled in a survey course for the gerontology major in a Program of Merit-certified Bachelor of Science program. Elements of the life course (transitions, counter-transitions, trajectory, age norms and timetables, sequence, duration, and social clock), and types of aging (biological, psychological, social, chronological, functional and subjective) are evident in the 2008 fictional film, The Curious Case of Benjamin Button. An adaptation of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s short story by the same name, the film chronicles a man’s life who was born physiologically old and dies as an infant with dementia. A multi-phased, active learning approach was used in which students (1) read about the abstract concepts from a textbook, (2) viewed the film while simultaneously identifying and applying concepts through notetaking, reflective writing prompts, and class discussion, (3) defined concepts and critically analyzed the contents in a written assessment, and (4) recalled definitions of concepts, eight weeks later, in a multiple choice final exam. Over three-quarters of students scored 80% or higher on the written assessment. Students under the active learning approach demonstrated higher recall on the final exam compared to students who were under the previous approach of standard lecture. Though these findings indicate that active learning through film is effective, they were realized retrospectively while attempting to improve a course’s learning outcomes. A planned, cross-sectional study could better account for variability and yield more conclusive results.
USING NEURAL NETWORK TO UNCOVER CELL TYPES THROUGH SNRNA SEQUENCING
Authors: Paryani Fahad , Menon Vilas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The advent of single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNAseq) has allowed for the exploration of genetic signatures of the numerous cells in the brain. In particular, snRNAseq data can provide new insights into how many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s Disease, alter cells in the brain. One major challenge with analyzing snRNAseq data is the lack of a systematic way to classify the various cell types across different datasets. To address this challenge, we developed a general classifier (“DeepSeq”) that uses state-of-the-art deep learning approaches. We trained our model on multiple snRNAseq datasets derived from post-mortem brain tissue in individuals with and without clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease from the ROSMAP cohorts. The two snRNAseq datasets contained 70,064 nuclei and 170,275 nuclei. The two studies employed different clustering techniques, and identified 44 and 18 putative cell types. To map these disparate cluster identities across datasets, we extracted the most relevant genes and trained two separate networks, one on each dataset. We then validated each classifier separately on the holdout cells. The resulting classifier accuracy were 87% and 94%. To map clusters across datasets, we then applied each classifier to the other dataset. Both classifiers yielded mappings that reflected the overall biology, correctly categorizing the nuclei into broad and fine cell type classes. Although validation on additional datasets would expand the generality of this approach, our results show that DeepSeq is an easily implementable classification tool that can assign identity to nuclei in new snRNAseq datasets without the need for preprocessing or cross-batch alignment.
EXERCISE ACUTELY IMPROVES COGNITION IN HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS: THE ROLE OF AROUSAL
Authors: Cummins Pearl N , Kent James , Weng Timothy , Magnottta Vincent , Pierce Gary , Voss Michelle 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Previous researchers have reported that aerobic exercise improves cognition in older adults; however, few researchers have examined the role of arousal on improvements in cognition after exercise. The purpose of this study was to understand how changes in arousal acutely affect changes in cognitive performance after a single session of light compared to moderate intensity aerobic exercise. Cognitively normal older adults (N = 34) were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial where they were asked to complete the N-back task with faces, a cognitive task used to test working memory, in an fMRI scanner. On separate days, the task was completed before and 15 to 20 minutes after light and moderate intensity exercise. An intervention was also completed, but our question focuses on the acute effects of exercise rather than training. Arousal was measured before and after exercise through a questionnaire and a direct measure of physiological activation of the sympathetic nervous system with galvanic skin response (GSR). On average, resting GSRs decreased from pre- to post-exercise scan; however, the change was not statistically significant. The decrease in arousal after light exercise indicated that older adults had decreased sympathetic activity after both light and moderate intensity exercise. By contrast, N-back task performance improved most after moderate compared to light intensity exercise. Together, evidence that sympathetic activity tended to decrease generally for both intensities, whereas cognitive improvements were more specific, suggests that changes in arousal at rest were not a critical factor connecting exercise and improved working memory in this study.
SELF-PERCEPTION OF AGING AND ASSOCIATED CHARACTERISTICS AMONG OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Barnes Timothy L , Musich Shirley , Wang Shaohung , Kraemer Sandra , Yeh Charlotte 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Positive self-perception of aging has been linked to better physical and psychosocial health outcomes among older adults. Negative self-perception of aging has been associated with poorer health consequences including depression, limited mobility, and mortality. Despite significant findings, the comprehensiveness and quality of self-perception of aging research still warrants further investigation, especially when identifying factors for intervention. Using a large random stratified sample of AARP Medicare Supplement insured members, age≥65 years, with continuous coverage for ≥12 months, self-perception of aging and various socio-demographic, medical, and psychosocial characteristics were examined using Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression models. Self-perception of aging was measured using the five-item Attitudes Towards Own Aging subscale. Characteristics of interest included age, gender, health status, resilience, purpose, optimism, social network, physical activity, depression, falls, vision, hearing, oral health, and sleep quality. Propensity weighting was used to adjust for potential survey non-response bias. Of weighted survey respondents (N=14,046), 59% exhibited a positive self-perception, while 41% exhibited a negative self-perception. Respondents with a positive self-perception were more likely to be healthier, younger (&lt;75 years), more active (≥3days), less depressed, have more diverse social networks, higher resilience, and purpose. Negative self-perception was associated with poorer health, older age, depression, and poorer vision, hearing, oral health, and sleep quality. The strongest characteristics associated with positive self-perception were purpose, resilience, physical activity, and social networks. Depression and sleep quality were the strongest characteristics associated with negative self-perception. Interventions targeting these characteristics could be beneficial in promoting positive self-perception of aging and health over time.
A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON THE COGNITION AND EXPERIENCES MOBILITY DEVICES USE IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS PATIENTS OF CHINA
Authors: Dai Fumin , Jiang Mengdie , Jia Wenwen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The benefits of mobility devices for knee Osteoarthritis Patients include reducing burden of knee joint, enhancing confidence and increasing autonomy, yet many who might benefit from using mobility devices do not use them. The purpose of this study is to explore the cognition and using experiences about mobility devices use in patients with knee osteoarthritis of China. Naturalistic inquiry research was adopted, 15 patients with knee osteoarthritis were recruited and Semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed based on conventional content analysis methodology. Two themes of using experiences about mobility devices were extracted, including positive feelings, negative feelings. Cognition about mobility devices use included light consciousness, incorrect attitude. Mobility devices have a positive effect on knee osteoarthritis patients, but some patients lack sufficient understanding and face many problems in the use of mobility devices. Policy Support, greater physician involvement, positive peer modules, and safe, visually appealing devices would promote greater acceptance and satisfaction of mobility devices with knee osteoarthritis patients.
MITOCHONDRIAL-DERIVED PEPTIDE, SHLP2, A NOVEL PROTECTIVE FACTOR IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Authors: Kim Su Jeong , Devgan Anjali , Mehta Hemal H , Cohen Pinchas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants are associated with a wide range of diseases of aging, from diabetes to Alzheimer’s, as well as with longevity itself. However, to date, little work has thoroughly examined the functional roles of mtDNA variants in such age-related diseases or the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) in these conditions. Our lab hypothesizes that mtDNA SNPs could affect MDPs, and we recently showed that a mtDNA SNP is associated with reduced circulating levels of an MDP called humanin and with cognitive decline. How other mtDNA SNPs affect MDPs and disease risk has yet to be analyzed. Remarkably, a recent paper showed a mtDNA SNP (m.2158 T&gt;C) reduces the risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Of note, this SNP changes lysine (K) 4 to arginine (R) of a MDP called SHLP2, which is encoded by the 16S rRNA region of the mtDNA. SHLP2 acts as a neuroprotective factor and as a metabolic regulator. We hypothesized that K4R SHLP2 – produced by individuals who carry mtDNA m.2158 T&gt;C – is a protective factor for Parkinson’s disease. Cycloheximide-treated pulse-chase experiments additionally showed that K4R SHLP2 is more stable than WT SHLP2. WT SHLP2 has a polyubiquitination whereas K4R SHLP2 diminish the polyubiquitination. K4R SHLP2 more potently inhibits PD toxin (MPP+) induced apoptosis in neuronal cells. K4R SHLP2 reverse the mitochondrial membrane potential loss and mitochondria respiration defect in TFAM heterozygous knockout MEFs. Altogether, SHLP2 has the therapeutic potential as a precision medicine in PD.
PURPOSE AND NUMBER OF CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS AMONG OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Sayer Janis , Smith Jennifer L , O’Brien Cate , Bihary Joseph G , O’Connor Dugan , Basic Ajla 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
An overwhelming three-quarters of persons age 65 and over have multiple chronic health conditions (Gerteis et al., 2014). With a growing population of older adults, understanding the factors that predict health and reduce the risk of chronic disease is critical. Recent evidence finds that a high sense of purpose- “the belief that one’s life is purposeful and meaningful” (Ryff & Keyes, 1995, p. 720)- is associated with positive health outcomes among older adults. This study investigated the association between purpose and number of chronic conditions among older adults, and whether the relationship depended on age. The study included 6148 older adults (mean age=83.8) who participated in a larger study on wellness. Participants completed a survey that included a measure of sense of purpose and questions about chronic health conditions. Data were analyzed controlling for demographics, optimism, pessimism, social contact, BMI, physical activity, and smoking. Lower levels of purpose were significantly associated with higher numbers of chronic conditions. There was a significant interaction between purpose and age, such that relatively younger older adults with high levels of purpose had fewer chronic conditions. There was no relationship between purpose and number of chronic conditions for the oldest adult participants. The results add new findings to the body of research that demonstrates that sense of purpose is associated with chronic disease. As sense of purpose is modifiable, interventions that increase purpose among older adults, with an emphasis on the youngest-old, should be developed and implemented.
CHILDREN CAREGIVERS’ EXPERIENCES OF OLDER ADULTS WITH DEMENTIA IN CARE TRANSITION: A QUALITATIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Khiewchaum Rungnapha 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background/Purpose: Young and adult children have experienced caring for people who have been diagnosed with dementia. Caregiving needs affect family members who become the primary caregivers in care transition from hospital to home. This study aims to synthesize primary qualitative research on the experiences of children caregivers of older adults with dementia. Method: This is a systematic review describing young and adult child caregivers’ experiences in caring for patient with dementia in home-based care. Data sources were published literature written in English from CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed, and PsychoINFO (published from January 1976 to October 2018). The thematic synthesis approach was also applied to generate theory generating meta-synthesis research (TGMS). and to describe the process of caring for demented patients by caregivers. Result: Eight primary studies reporting 388 potential studies were included. Four themes emerged: 1) well-being which included encouraging and destructive well-being; 2) role transition which included positive or negative role transformations; 3) caregiver needs which included medical and nursing information or knowledges and health care services/community services; and 4) the challenge of dementia which included symptoms of dementia which were impairing. Conclusion The findings of this meta-synthesis study support evidence of well-being among adult children in caring for people with dementia in transition phases. We present thematic synthesis that could be useful to professionals working with caregivers and patients with dementia. We suggest that research importance should shift towards the development and evaluation of care transitions intervention, especially professionals preparing support after diagnosis.
MUSIC IN THE LIFE COURSE: A FOCUS ON DEMENTIA
Authors: Couve Amanda , Kotarba Joseph A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The music experiences of Baby Boomers (born 1946 to 1965) continue to evolve as they age, with the Beatles and the Blues remaining key features. Baby boomers grew up in the post-World War II period when the variety of media technologies and outlets grew tremendously. Baby boomers continue this trend to experience and enjoy music through media such as theme cruises, community center activities, formal concerts, TV music awards programs, iPhones, and house concerts. The value of music in caring for the increasing number of Baby Boomers living with dementia is also increasing. For example, music can help patients recall pleasant and calming moments in their past, while helping enhance body movement and balance through dance. The audience’s’ takeaways will be ideas for creative marketing of music to the elderly; for integrating music into senior living situations, and for celebrating technology’s contributions to the culture of aging.
FACTORS INFLUENCING HEALTH BEHAVIORS OF KOREAN OLDER ADULTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Shin So Young , Mun Ji Mi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of disease-related knowledge, depression, and family support on health behaviors of older patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: The subjects were 139 older patients with coronary artery disease who had visited the internal medicine outpatient clinic at one general hospital located in metropolitan city B, Korea. A set of self-reported questionnaire was administered to assess general characteristics, disease-related knowledge, depression, family support, and health behaviors of the subjects. Collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. Results: The mean (±SD) age of the subjects was 70.86 (±4.70) years. Health behaviors of the subjects had significant negative correlations with disease-related knowledge (r=-.17, p=.050) and depression (r=-.32, p&lt;.001) while having a significant positive correlation with family support (r=.67, p&lt;.001). In the final multiple regression analysis, factors influencing health behaviors of subjects were medication intake status (β=-.17, p=.009), depression (β=-.15, p=.017) and family support (β=.61, p&lt;.001). The explanatory power of the subjects’ medication intake status, disease-related knowledge, depression and family support on health behaviors was 48.9% (F=33.97, p&lt;.001). Conclusion: Medication intake status, depression, and family support had significant influences on health behaviors of older patients with coronary artery disease. Improvements in medication intake, depression, and family support for older patients with coronary artery disease may be beneficial for their health behaviors, and ultimately, have a positive effect on their recovery from the disease and well-being.
HOW A RURAL COMMUNITY ADAPTS TO AN AGING POPULATION USING AN ALLIANCE
Authors: Sisofo Briana , Asman Anne R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Older adult populations in rural America are growing more rapidly than ever before, but most do not have the facilities and resources to support the growth. Good health and quality of life are the driving forces in these communities. However, they need assistance in restructuring their support for older adult services and education, housing, social engagement opportunities, and care for aging-in-place. Summit County Utah is a federally recognized rural community and may act as a functioning model for recognizing and addressing these aging issues for other rural areas within the United States. The Summit County Aging Alliance (SCAA) is a unique union of multiple federal, state and local agencies and, concerned and influential citizens who are helping to create the programs and services needed such as the submission of grants, the reassessment of the senior center, the creation of open communication between county and city politicians, connection of locals with key stakeholders, and growth to geriatric medicine in the area. SCAA is one of the five priorities of the Summit County Health Department Mental Wellness Alliance. SCAA focuses on the issues that are crucial for an older adult to sustain a healthy lifestyle in a rural community.
GAIT UNSTEADINESS AS AN INDICATOR OF COGNITIVE STATUS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
Authors: Kang Gu Eon , Yang Jacqueline , Zhou He , Wang Changhong , Akhtar Bareera , xu Brian , Beckmann Guillermo , Najafi Bijan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Neuropathic individuals are at risk of falls, however potential impact of cognitive impairment in neuropathic individuals is not well-understood. Since cognitive impairment is considered an independent risk factor for falls, knowing its potential, additional impact may help better understand underlying mechanism of risk of falls in neuropathic individuals. We aimed to investigate stride-to-stride variability in neuropathic individuals with cognitive impairment (NP-Cog-Impaired) and without cognitive impairment (NP-Cog-Intact) during normal and dual-task walking. Neuropathic symptoms and cognitive status was measured using maximum vibration perception threshold (VPTmax) in the feet and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), respectively. We analyzed data from 19 NP-Cog-Impaired (8 men; 68.5±9.1 years; 29.0±6.2 kg/m2; VPTmax=27.2±12.1 volts; MoCA=19.6±2.4) and 25 NP-Cog-Intact (15 men; 66.5±9.1 years; 31.3±5.9 kg/m2; VPTmax=26.3±12.7 volts; MoCA=25.6±1.6). We collected movement data using five inertial sensors (LEGSysTM, BioSensics LLC, Watertown, MA) attached on the shanks, thighs and lower back. We used previously validated algorithm to calculate coefficient of variations (CV) of stride velocity and stride length. CV of stride velocity and stride length were significantly greater for the NP-Cog-Impaired group (11.07±5.22% and 7.31±3.20%, respectively) than for the NP-Cog-Intact group (7.31±3.20% and 4.81±2.80%, respectively) for dual-task walking but not for normal walking. Between normal and dual-task walking, CV of stride velocity and stride length increased 43.2% (significantly) and 46.4% (marginally), respectively, from normal walking to dual-task walking for the NP-Cog-Impaired group but not for the NP-Cog-Intact group. Results suggest that cognitive impairment may be an additional risk factor of falls in neuropathic individuals.