bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Heat Treatment and Additive LiF on the Properties of Solid‐State Electrolyte of Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3
Authors: Lv Jinhang , Zheng Ruilin , Lv Peng , Wei Wei 
Published: July 2020

A solid electrolyte of LAGP [Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3] contained 0.5 wt% LiF was prepared by using low‐volatile raw materials. The effects of different heat treatment conditions (750–900 °C, 4–10 h) and additive (LiF) on the ionic conductivity, structural morphology, and crystal transformation process were investigated in detail. EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopies) showed that the ionic conductivity of LAGP contained 0.5 wt% LiF had a highest value of 3.17 × 10−4 S cm−1 with low activation energy (0.31 eV) after treating 825 °C for 6 h, more than LAGP of 2.45 × 10−4 S cm−1. DSC analysis and SEM images indicated that adding a small amount of LiF to LAGP not only can lower the glass transition temperature (from 513 °C to 507 °C) and crystallization temperature (from 622 °C to 605 °C), but also can modify the grain boundary and increase the relative density of LAGP (from 95.8% to 97.7%).
Risk Stratification Based on Chronic Liver Failure Consortium Acute Decompensation Score in Patients With Child‐Pugh B Cirrhosis and Acute Variceal Bleeding
Authors: Lv Yong , Wang Zhengyu , Li Kai , Wang Qiuhe , Bai Wei , Yuan Xulong , Yu Tianlei , Niu Jing , Yang Zhiping , Zhu Xuan , Zhao Jianbo , Xue Hui , Jiang Zaibo , Zhuge Yuzheng , Zhang Chunqing , Sun Junhui , Ding Pengxu , Ren Weixin , Li Yingchun , Zhang Kewei , Zhang Wenguang , Guo Wengang , Luo Bohan , Li Xiaomei , Yuan Jie , Han Na , Zhu Ying , He Chuangye , Yin Zhanxin , Fan Daiming , Han Guohong 
Published: July 2020

Background and Aims
Optimal candidates for early transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in patients with Child‐Pugh B cirrhosis and acute variceal bleeding (AVB) remain unclear. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that risk stratification using the Chronic Liver Failure Consortium Acute Decompensation score (CLIF‐C ADs) may be useful to identify a subgroup at high risk of mortality or further bleeding that may benefit from early TIPS in patients with Child‐Pugh B cirrhosis and AVB.

Approach and Results
We analyzed the pooled individual data from two previous studies of 608 patients with Child‐Pugh B cirrhosis and AVB who received standard treatment between 2010 and 2017 in China. The concordance index values of CLIF‐C ADs for 6‐week and 1‐year mortality (0.715 and 0.708) were significantly better than those of active bleeding at endoscopy (0.633 [P < 0.001] and 0.556 [P < 0.001]) and other prognostic models. With X‐tile software identifying an optimal cutoff value, patients were categorized as low risk (CLIF‐C ADs <48), intermediate risk (CLIF‐C ADs 48‐56), and high risk (CLIF‐C ADs >56), with a 5.6%, 16.8%, and 25.4% risk of 6‐week death, respectively. Nevertheless, the performance of CLIF‐C ADs for predicting a composite endpoint of 6‐week death or further bleeding was not satisfactory (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve [AUC], 0.588). A nomogram incorporating components of CLIF‐C ADs and albumin, platelet, active bleeding, and ascites significantly improved the prediction accuracy (AUC, 0.725).

Conclusions
In patients with Child‐Pugh B cirrhosis and AVB, risk stratification using CLIF‐C ADs identifies a subgroup with high risk of death that may derive survival benefit from early TIPS. With improved prediction accuracy for 6‐week death or further bleeding, the data‐driven nomogram may help to stratify patients in randomized trials. Future external validation of these findings in patients with different etiologies is required.
Examining the causal relationship between globalization and energy consumption in MINT countries: Evidence from bootstrap panel granger causality
Authors: Fahimi Amin , Olasehinde‐Williams Godwin , Akadiri Seyi Saint 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the causal relationships between globalization and energy consumption for MINT member countries (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey) over the period 1970–2015, while controlling for the effect of gross domestic product. To control for common unobserved shocks and country‐specific heterogeneity inherent in panel data analyses, we employ the cross‐sectional augmented ADF and IPS tests to confirm the panel stationarity properties. We test for causal relations at country and panel levels through the Emirmahmutoglu & Kose, Economic Modelling, 2011, 28(3), 870–876 panel causality test for heterogeneous mixed panels. The causality results show that globalization is strongly related to energy consumption in MINT countries. Specifically, at the country level, we detect feedback causality between globalization and energy consumption in Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey, and find unidirectional causality running from globalization to energy consumption in Mexico. At the panel level, we also detect feedback causality between both variables. In general, our results lend credence to previous findings on globalization‐driven energy consumption hypothesis for MINT countries. Useful policy insights are also provided on the basis of our findings.
Financial innovation and economic growth: Empirical evidence from China, India and Pakistan
Authors: Nazir Muhammad Rizwan , Tan Yong , Nazir Muhammad Imran 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the causal relationship between financial innovation and economic growth in China, India, and Pakistan over the period of 1970–2016. Using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound testing and Granger causality‐based Error Correction Model (ECM), this study finds that financial innovation generally has a positive and statistically significant impact on economic growth in the short‐run and long‐run. These results show that in the long‐run, monetary management and credit flow to the private sector play an essential role in economic growth. The trade openness and gross capital formation contribute considerably to the economic growth in China, India, and Pakistan. For robustness, this study also applies the Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) method. The findings of this study suggest that the financial sector plays an essential role in supporting innovation activity in Asian countries.
Direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing companies tell their customers to ‘see a genetic counselor'. How do genetic counselors feel about direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing?
Authors: Hsieh Vicky , Braid Tamara , Gordon Erynn , Hercher Laura 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProfessional societies, the FDA, and many direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing (DTC‐GT) companies have highlighted the value of counseling from a medical professional with genetics expertise in order to enhance the value and minimize the risks associated with DTC‐GT. However, there is limited information available identifying genetic counselors' own views on DTC‐GT, their willingness to counsel consumers based on DTC‐GT results, and their experiences to date seeing DTC‐GT consumers in a clinical setting. We surveyed genetic counselors accessed through mailing lists associated with the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) and the American Board of Genetic Counseling (ABGC). Response rate was estimated to be 12.2% (n = 482). A majority of all respondents (56.4%, n = 263) described themselves as feeling negatively or very negatively toward DTC‐GT; only 6.9% (n = 32) described themselves as feeling positively or very positively. While 90.9% of respondents (n = 398) believed that DTC‐GT would be improved with the involvement of genetic counselors, only 31.2% agreed or strongly agreed that they are comfortable providing counseling to DTC‐GT consumers (n = 142). Clinical counseling of DTC‐GT consumers is not routine but it is also not uncommon; 40.1% of all respondents (n = 189) have seen at least one consumer in clinic for the sole purpose of reviewing DTC‐GT results. The results of our study suggest that most respondents would be more accepting of DTC‐GT if genetic counseling was a part of the process, but the majority of counselors do not feel comfortable providing this service.
Synthesis and antimycobacterial screening of new 4‐(4‐(1‐benzyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)quinoline derivatives
Authors: Thakare Prashant P. , Walunj Yogesh , Chavan Abhijit , Bobade Vivek D. , Sarkar Dhiman , Mhaske Pravin C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA new series of 4‐(4‐(1‐benzyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)quinoline (6a‐t) have been synthesized by a click reaction of 4‐(4‐ethynyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)quinoline (4a‐d) with a substituted benzyl azide (5a‐e). The starting alkyne derivatives 4a‐d are obtained from Bestmann‐Ohira reaction of 1‐phenyl‐3‐(quinolin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbaldehyde and dimethyl(1‐diazo‐2‐oxopropyl)phosphonate. The newly synthesized compounds are screened against M. tuberculosis H37Ra dormant and active, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis strains at 30 μg/mL concentration. Most of the screened compounds showed good to moderate antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra strains. The synthesized derivatives of quinolinyl‐pyrazole‐4‐carbaldehyde and quinolinyl‐pyrazole‐4‐ethyne reportd good to moderate activity against both strains of M. tuberculosis H37Ra. Ten derivatives of quinolinyl‐pyrazole presented good activity against B. subtilis. These results suggested that further optimization and development of quinolinyl‐pyrazolyl‐1,2,3‐triazole moeity could serve as lead compounds for antimycobacterial activity.
Coagulation dysfunction is associated with severity of COVID‐19: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhu Jieyun , Pang Jielong , Ji Pan , Zhong Zhimei , Li Hongyuan , Li Bocheng , Zhang Jianfeng , Lu Junyu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo systematically analyze the blood coagulation features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients to provide a reference for clinical practice. An electronic search in PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP databases to identify studies describing the blood coagulation features of COVID‐19 patients from 1 January 2020 to 21 April 2020. Three reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, then, the meta‐analysis was performed by using Stata 12.0 software. Thirty‐four studies involving 6492 COVID‐19 patients were included. Meta‐analysis showed that patients with severe disease showed significantly lower platelet count (weighted mean differences [WMD]: −16.29 × 109/L; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −25.34 to −7.23) and shorter activated partial thromboplastin time (WMD: −0.81 seconds; 95% CI: −1.94 to 0.33) but higher D‐dimer levels (WMD: 0.44 μg/mL; 95% CI: 0.29‐0.58), higher fibrinogen levels (WMD: 0.51 g/L; 95% CI: 0.33‐0.69) and longer prothrombin time (PT; WMD: 0.65 seconds; 95% CI: 0.44‐0.86). Patients who died showed significantly higher D‐dimer levels (WMD: 6.58 μg/mL; 95% CI: 3.59‐9.57), longer PT (WMD: 1.27 seconds; 95% CI: 0.49‐2.06) and lower platelet count (WMD: −39.73 × 109/L; 95% CI: −61.99 to −17.45) than patients who survived. Coagulation dysfunction is common in severe COVID‐19 patients and it is associated with severity of COVID‐19.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection causes pulmonary shunt by vasodilatation
Authors: Brito‐Azevedo Anderson , Pinto Eduardo Costa , de Cata Preta Corrêa Gabriel Angelo , Bouskela Eliete 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPatients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) may present a significant hypoxemia. The exactly mechanism of such hypoxemia in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is not well described. It has been suggested that microthrombosis contributes to this mechanism, increasing pulmonary dead space. However, dead spaces would not be sensible to oxygen supplementation, and also, enlargement of pulmonary vessels it has been evidenced. Shunt mechanism by vasodilatation, instead, could explain decubitus dependence in oxygenation by blood redistribution as observed in these patients, and moreover, would be more sensible to oxygen supplementation than dead spaces. We hypothesized that SARS‐CoV‐2 causes an intrapulmonary vascular dilatation (IPVD), determining a shunt mechanism by vasodilatation. We performed contrast‐enhanced transthoracic echocardiography to search IPVD shunt in patients with confirmed COVID‐19, hospitalized in an intensive care unit. Ten patients were recruited; one patient was excluded due to low quality of echocardiographic image, and nine patients were included. IPVD was found in seven (78%) patients, with different grades, including patient with normal compliance and the one without invasive ventilation. We demonstrated that shunt by IPVD is present among patients with COVID‐19, and this mechanism is probably implicated in significant hypoxemia observed.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in persons living with HIV: A single center prospective cohort
Authors: Maggiolo Franco , Zoboli Fabio , Arosio Marco , Valenti Daniela , Guarneri Davide , Sangiorgio Lorena , Ripamonti Diego , Callegaro Annapaola 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInformation about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in HIV‐infected individuals is scarce. In this prospective study, we included HIV (human immunodefeciency virus)‐infected individuals (people living with HIV [PLWHIV]) with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and compared them with PLWHIV negative for SARS‐CoV‐2. We compared 55 cases of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with 69 asymptomatic PLWHIV negative for SARS‐CoV‐2 reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and/or serology. There was no significant difference between SARS‐CoV‐2 positive or negative patients for age distribution, gender, time with HIV infection, nadir CD4‐cell counts, type and number of co‐morbidities, current CD4 and CD8 counts and type of anti‐HIV therapy. Positive patients presented with a median of three symptoms (interquartile range, 1‐3). Most common symptoms were fever (76%), dyspnea (35%), anosmia (29%) non‐productive cough (27%), fatigue 22%), and ageusia (20%). Ten patients (18%) were completely asymptomatic. Four (7.2%) subjects died of coronavirus disease 2019. Factors significantly (P < .05) associated with death included age and number of co‐morbidities, while time from HIV infection and lower current CD4 counts were significant only in univariate analysis. HIV‐infected individuals are not protected from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or have a lower risk of severe disease. Indeed, those with low CD4 cell counts might have worse outcomes. Infection is asymptomatic in a large proportion of subjects and this is relevant for epidemiological studies.
Weight, height, weight change, and risk of incident atrial fibrillation in middle‐aged men and women
Authors: Johansson Cecilia , Lind Marcus M. , Eriksson Marie , Johansson Lars 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnthropometric factors are reported to be risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF), but it is unclear whether weight change in mid‐life is associated with AF. We aimed to study the possible associations of weight, height, and weight change with the risk of incident AF in men and women.MethodsOur study cohort included 108 417 persons (51% women) who participated in a population‐based health examination in northern Sweden at 30, 40, 50, or 60 years of age. The health examination included weight and height measurement and collection of data regarding cardiovascular risk factors. Within this cohort, 40 275 participants underwent two health examinations with a 10‐year interval. We identified cases with a first‐ever diagnosis of AF through the Swedish National Patient Registry.ResultsDuring a total follow‐up of 1 469 820 person‐years, 5154 participants developed incident AF. The mean age at inclusion was 46.3 years, and mean age at AF diagnosis was 66.6 years. After adjustment for potential confounders, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and body surface area (BSA) were positively associated with risk of incident AF in both men and women. Among participants who underwent two health examinations 10 years apart, 1142 persons developed AF. The mean weight change from baseline was a gain of 4.8%. Weight gain or weight loss was not significantly associated with risk of incident AF.ConclusionsHeight, weight, BMI, and BSA showed positive associations with risk of incident AF in both men and women. Midlife weight change was not significantly associated with AF risk.
Predicting complete winter ice coverage at Lake George, New York
Authors: Watson Campbell D. , Auger Guillaume , Tewari Mukul , Treinish Lloyd A. , Johnston Kenneth E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIce records at Lake George, an oligotrophic and dimictic freshwater lake in upstate New York, United States reveal that it has failed to freeze over completely 13 times since 1990. This transition from annual to intermittent ice cover is analogous to many other dimictic freshwater lakes globally. Over 60 years of meteorological observations from a nearby airport are analysed and a complicated picture emerges when considering the specific characteristics of each year. For example, Lake George froze over in 1983 and 2007 despite the air temperature having a net warming effect on the lake in the month prior to ice‐in. Simple machine learning classifiers are trained using local weather data to predict the presence of complete ice coverage on Lake George and are found to perform adequately compared to observations, with one configuration having an accuracy of 91%. Using downscaled data from a coupled‐climate model through to 2,100, projections with the trained classifiers suggest complete ice coverage will be a phenomenon of the past by the mid‐to‐late 21st Century. Furthermore, by 2080–2,100 the mean air temperature is projected to warm up to +8.0 C under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5. These projections will be of concern to the communities and policy makers of Lake George responsible for the management of the ecological and socio‐economic systems.
Use of a magnetic covalent organic framework material with a large specific surface area as an effective adsorbent for the extraction and determination of six fluoroquinolone antibiotics by HPLC in milk sample
Authors: Guan Shuping , Wu Hao , Yang Liu , Wang Zhuliang , Wu Jianmin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA magnetic covalent organic framework material was synthesized with a core‐shell structure using a simple solvothermal method. It was prepared with Fe3O4 as the magnetic core, covalent organic framework as the shell, which synthesized from 1,3,5‐triformylphloroglucinol and p‐phenylenediamine by Schiff base reaction. Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, and nitrogen adsorption‐desorption were used to characterize magnetic adsorbent. It has showed a large specific surface area (505.6 m2/g), which can provide many adsorption sites. Moreover, the saturation magnetization value was 48.4 emu/g enough to be separated by external magnet. Six kinds of fluoroquinolones (enoxacin, fleroxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin, and lomefloxacin) were extracted by magnetic solid phase extraction with the magnetic adsorbent. High‐performance liquid chromatography detects the entire adsorption and desorption process to further evaluate the optimal extraction and desorption conditions. Under the optimal chromatographic conditions, this method showed a low detection limit (0.05 to 0.20 μg/L), good linearity in the range of 0.5 to 200 μg/L, and the enrichment factor reaches 115.5‐127.3. The spiked recovery of the fluoroquinolones in milk sample ranged from 90.4 to 101.2%.
Low expression of transferrin receptor 2 predict poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients
Authors: Zhao Qian‐Fu , Ji Jun , Cai Qu , Wang Chao , Shi Min , Zhou Chen‐Fei , Zhu Zheng‐Gang , Zhang Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study was to detect the expression level of transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2) in gastric cancer and to analyze its value in predicting the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Real‐time PCR (RT‐qPCR) was applied to detect the mRNA expression of TfR2 in gastric cancer tissues and paired adjacent nontumorous tissues. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting were used to determine the protein expression of TfR2 in gastric cancer, and the relationship with the prognosis of gastric cancer patients was analyzed. The results were: (1) The mRNA and protein levels of TfR2 in gastric cancer tissues were remarkably lower than those in adjacent nontumorous gastric tissue (P < .05). (2) Clinicopathological analysis showed that the expression level of TfR2 was significantly correlated with TNM stage of patients (P = .047). (3) The results of univariate survival analysis showed that histological grade, T stage, N stage, M stage, Lauren's classification, and TfR2 expression level influenced the overall survival of gastric cancer patients. Multivariate survival analysis showed that low TfR2 expression (HR = 1.671, 95%CI: 1.006‐2.774, P = .047), poor differentiation (HR = 2.123, 95%CI: 1.188‐3.795, P = .011), and M1 stage (HR = 8.541, 95%CI: 3.416‐21.353, P < .001) were independent risk factors affecting the overall survival of gastric cancer patients. In conclusion, TfR2 exhibited low expression in gastric cancer tissue, and is an independent prognostic factor of gastric cancer patients.
Macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) gene polymorphisms are associated with disease susceptibility and with circulating MIF levels in active non‐segmental vitiligo in patients from western Mexico
Authors: Garcia‐Orozco Alejandra , Martinez‐Magaña Itzel Alejandra , Riera‐Leal Annie , Muñoz‐Valle José Francisco , Martinez‐Guzman Marco Alonso , Quiñones‐Venegas Ricardo , Sánchez‐Zuno Gabriela Athziri , Fafutis‐Morris Mary 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe macrophage migration inhibiting factor (MIF) is a protein that promotes the activation of immune cells and the production of other proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IFN‐γ, which have proposed to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. The study aimed to assess the association between MIF polymorphisms (−794 CATT5‐8 and −173 G>C), MIF in situ expression, and MIF serum concentrations with susceptibility and disease activity in patients with non‐segmental vitiligo (NSV) from western Mexico.MethodsThe study included 111 patients with NSV and 201 control subjects. Genotyping was performed by conventional PCR (−794 CATT5‐8) and PCR‐RFLP (−173 G>C) methods. MIF mRNA expression was quantified by real‐time PCR and MIF serum concentrations were determined by ELISA kit. Histopathological samples were analyzed by automated immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe MIF polymorphisms were associated with NSV susceptibility. Serum concentrations of MIF were higher in patients with active NSV and correlated negatively with the years of evolution. The depigmented skin from patients with active vitiligo showed a high expression of MIF.ConclusionMIF polymorphisms increase the risk of NSV in the western Mexican population. The serum concentrations of MIF and in situ expression are associated with active NSV.