bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repairing legitimacy through discourses: insights from the Volkswagen’s 2015 diesel scandal
Authors: Florio Cristina , Sproviero Alice Francesca 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This study aims to explore how corporate discourses enact legitimation strategies aimed at repairing pragmatic, moral and cognitive legitimacy types (Suchman, 1995) after a scandal involving sustainability, namely, the Volkswagen’s 2015 diesel scandal.

Design/methodology/approach
By drawing on the discursive nature of legitimacy, this study conducts a critical discourse analysis to identify how the scandal is depicted and which semantic, grammatical and lexical features characterise discourses. It then relates discourses and their features to legitimation strategies that help repair diverse types of legitimacy.

Findings
To repair pragmatic legitimacy, discourses on a few actors and processes enact strategies of creating monitors and avoiding panic. Such discourses include grammatical features only. Discourses on the event, actors, processes and topics of apology, trust and integrity aim to repair moral legitimacy. Enriched with grammatical and lexical features, they mobilise disassociation, excuse, justify and restructure strategies. Discourses on the event, actors, processes and topics of corporate qualities, history and future strategy help repair cognitive legitimacy by enacting an avoiding panic strategy. Grammatical, lexical and semantic features characterise such discourses.

Research limitations/implications
The study reveals the potentials of critical discourse analysis to bring out from texts practical modes of communicating, and specifically those discourses and features of discourses that serve legitimacy purposes.

Originality/value
This study offers insights into the connection among discourses, relegitimation strategies and legitimacy types by combining the discursive nature of legitimacy with critical discourse analysis. It also contributes to the growing literature on how organisations face the legitimacy challenges raised by scandals involving sustainability.
Broad spectrum in vitro microbicidal activity of benzoyl peroxide against microorganisms related to cutaneous diseases
Authors: Okamoto Kazuaki , Kanayama Shoji , Ikeda Fumiaki , Fujikawa Koki , Fujiwara Shiori , Nozawa Naoki , Mori Sachi , Matsumoto Tatsumi , Hayashi Naoki , Oda Masataka 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe in vitro microbicidal activity of benzoyl peroxide against Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Malassezia furfur, Malassezia restricta, and Malassezia globosa was investigated. These strains were incubated for 1 h in the presence of 0.25, 0.5, 1, or 2 mmol/L benzoyl peroxide in phosphate buffered saline supplemented with 0.1% glycerol and 2% Tween 80. After exposure to benzoyl peroxide, counts of viable Gram‐positive bacteria and fungi were markedly decreased, whereas counts of Gram‐negative bacteria were unchanged. Transmission electron microscopy images showed a decrease in electron density and the destruction of C. acnes and M. restricta cell walls after exposure to 2 mmol/L benzoyl peroxide. In conclusion, this study showed that benzoyl peroxide has a potent and rapid microbicidal activity against Gram‐positive bacteria and fungi that are associated with various cutaneous diseases. This suggests that the direct destruction of bacterial cell walls by benzoyl peroxide is an essential mechanism of its rapid and potent microbicidal activity against microorganisms.
Resilience impacts of a secondary disturbance: Meta‐analysis of salvage logging effects on tree regeneration
Authors: Leverkus Alexandro B. , Polo Inés , Baudoux Claire , Thorn Simon , Gustafsson Lena , Rubio de Casas Rafael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Intense controversy surrounds the compounded disturbance of salvage logging, which superimposes an anthropogenic disturbance on already disturbed ecosystems and thereby provides a litmus test of forest regeneration and resilience.

We conducted meta‐analysis to assess whether salvage logging affects tree regeneration, and whether potential effect moderators (disturbance type and severity, logging intensity, time elapsed between disturbance and logging or since logging, forest type and age, regeneration syndrome and aridity) modify this overall effect. Thirty‐seven publications yielded 305 effect sizes for tree density and 135 for height.

We found no significant effect of salvage logging on tree density or height. Also, most effect moderators were not significant. The effect size of salvage logging on tree density increased over time after logging, potentially indicating resilience to initial salvage logging impacts. Tree density in old (>100 years) disturbed forests was less negatively affected by salvage logging than in young (<50 years) and intermediate‐aged forests. Study site and phylogenetic relatedness improved model fit, indicating modulation by local ecological factors and tree species characteristics.

Synthesis. Salvage logging does not produce generalised detrimental effects on tree regeneration. Potential impacts and their mitigation should be assessed upon knowledge of local conditions and species.
Role of carnitine in regulation of blood pressure (MAP/SBP) and gene expression of cardiac hypertrophy markers (α/β‐MHC) during insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia: Role of oxidative stress
Authors: Alanazi Wael A. , Al‐Harbi Naif O. , Imam Faisal , Ansari Mushtaq A. , Alhoshani Ali , Alasmari Abdullah F. , Alasmari Fawaz , Alanazi Mohammed M. , Ali Nemat 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Hyperglycaemia and iatrogenic hypoglycaemia exacerbate several pathogenic mechanisms underlying hypertension and heart diseases. Carnitine is a potent endogenous antioxidant and cellular fatty acid transporter for antioxidative stress and energy production in the cardiovascular system. The current study aimed to find the role of carnitine in the regulation of hypoglycaemia‐induced hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Male rats received insulin glargine (InG) to induce hypoglycaemia followed by D‐carnitine or acetyl‐L‐carnitine for carnitine depletion or carnitine supplementation, respectively. The obtained results showed that carnitine deficiency provoked hypoglycaemia‐induced hypertension. Mean arterial pressure was elevated from 78.16 ± 11.4 to 100 ± 5.11 mm Hg in InG treated group, and from 78.2 ± 8.5 to 123.4 ± 28.2 mm Hg in InG + D‐carnitine treated group. Acetyl‐L‐carnitine resisted the elevation in blood pressure in all hypoglycaemic animals and kept it within the normal values (68.33 ± 6.7 mm Hg). Acetyl‐L‐carnitine increased myocardial carnitine content leading to the attenuation of hypoglycaemia‐induced oxidative stress, which was evaluated through measurement of the oxidative stress biomarkers such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase‐1, heme oxygenase‐I, and glutathione S‐transferase. Moreover, acetyl‐L‐carnitine prevented induction of gene expression of cardiac hypertrophy markers during hypoglycaemic conditions, which was assessed via the evaluation of mRNA expression of α‐myosin heavy chain and β‐myosin heavy chain. These findings demonstrate that carnitine might play an essential role in prevention of hypoglycaemia‐induced hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy through providing energy and antioxidants to the cardiovascular system.
Autologous graft from portal vein for reconstruction of the middle hepatic vein after hepatectomy
Authors: Fan Sheung Tat 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of right or left portal vein retrieved from patient's own hepatectomy specimen as a graft for reconstruction of the middle hepatic vein.MethodologyThree patients had resection of cranial half of the middle hepatic vein with the adjacent tumor. The right or left portal vein was removed from the hepatectomy specimen and used as a graft for reconstruction of the middle hepatic vein.ResultsAfter a follow up period of 2 months to 13 years, the vein graft remained patent. Tumor recurrence was not seen.ConclusionAutologous graft from portal vein in hepatectomy specimen is an effective source for reconstruction of the middle hepatic vein after hepatectomy.
Peripheral inflammation preceeding ischemia impairs neuronal survival through mechanisms involving miR‐127 in aged animals
Authors: Loppi Sanna , Korhonen Paula , Bouvy‐Liivrand Maria , Caligola Simone , Turunen Tiia A. , Turunen Mikko P. , Hernandez de Sande Ana , Kołosowska Natalia , Scoyni Flavia , Rosell Anna , García‐Berrocoso Teresa , Lemarchant Sighild , Dhungana Hiramani , Montaner Joan , Koistinaho Jari , Kanninen Katja M. , Kaikkonen Minna U. , Giugno Rosalba , Heinäniemi Merja , Malm Tarja 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIschemic stroke, the third leading cause of death in the Western world, affects mainly the elderly and is strongly associated with comorbid conditions such as atherosclerosis or diabetes, which are pathologically characterized by increased inflammation and are known to influence the outcome of stroke. Stroke incidence peaks during influenza seasons, and patients suffering from infections such as pneumonia prior to stroke exhibit a worse stroke outcome. Earlier studies have shown that comorbidities aggravate the outcome of stroke, yet the mediators of this phenomenon remain obscure. Here, we show that acute peripheral inflammation aggravates stroke‐induced neuronal damage and motor deficits specifically in aged mice. This is associated with increased levels of plasma proinflammatory cytokines, rather than with an increase of inflammatory mediators in the affected brain parenchyma. Nascent transcriptomics data with mature microRNA sequencing were used to identify the neuron‐specific miRNome, in order to decipher dysregulated miRNAs in the brains of aged animals with stroke and co‐existing inflammation. We pinpoint a previously uninvestigated miRNA in the brain, miR‐127, that is highly neuronal, to be associated with increased cell death in the aged, LPS‐injected ischemic mice. Target prediction tools indicate that miR‐127 interacts with several basally expressed neuronal genes, and of these we verify miR‐127 binding to Psmd3. Finally, we report reduced expression of miR‐127 in human stroke brains. Our results underline the impact of peripheral inflammation on the outcome of stroke in aged subjects and pinpoint molecular targets for restoring endogenous neuronal capacity to combat ischemic stroke.
Short‐term outcomes of endometriosis surgery in Ontario: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Bougie Olga , McClintock Chad , Pudwell Jessica , Brogly Susan B. , Velez Maria P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionOur objective was to compare the short‐term outcomes by type of surgical management of endometriosis in Ontario, Canada and to characterize the population of women undergoing surgical management of endometriosis.Material and methodsWe conducted a population‐based cohort study including women aged 18‐50 years undergoing same‐day or inpatient surgery for endometriosis from 1 April 2002 through 31 March 2018. Surgery was classified as minimally invasive hysterectomy (MIH), total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) or minor or major conservative (uterus‐preserving) surgery. Outcomes examined included length of stay, intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, emergency department visits, ambulatory care visits, and readmission. We estimated the relative risk of these outcomes in minor, major conservative surgery and TAH vs MIH adjusted for age, income quintile, parity, and comorbidities.ResultsA total of 85 605 patients underwent surgery, 12.9% MIH, 22.1% TAH, 36.3% major conservative, and 28.6% minor conservative. The mean age at index surgery was 37.6 ± 7.7 years. Before surgery, 70.6% of patients had visited a physician for pain at least once (64.7% MIH, 69.5% TAH, 71.1% major conservative and 73.4% minor conservative) and 23.5% of patients had sought infertility consultation (5.7% MIH, 6.6% TAH, 29.3% major conservative and 37.1% minor conservative). The overall risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications was 1.5% and 4.7%, respectively. In adjusted models, compared with those undergoing minor conservative surgery, those having major conservative surgery were 1.77 (95% CI 1.49‐2.11) times as likely to experience an intraoperative complication, those having MIH and TAH were 2.55 (95% CI 2.08‐3.13) and 2.34 (95% CI 1.93‐2.82) times as likely to do so, respectively. Similarly, compared with those undergoing minor conservative surgery, those having major conservative surgery were 2.60 (95% CI 2.30, 2.93) times as likely to experience any postoperative complication, and those having MIH and TAH were 4.69 (95% CI 4.11‐5.36) and 5.38 (95% CI 4.76‐6.09) times as likely to do so, respectively.ConclusionsApproximately one‐third of patients undergoing surgical management for endometriosis in Ontario between 2002 and 2018 had a hysterectomy. Overall, complications following surgery were low, and dependent on extent of surgery. These results should help to inform preoperative counseling for patients and health policy development for providers.
Personalized cancer vaccination in head and neck cancer
Authors: Shibata Hirofumi , Zhou Liye , Xu Na , Egloff Ann Marie , Uppaluri Ravindra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCancer is characterized by an accumulation of somatic mutations that represent a source of neoantigens for targeting by antigen‐specific T cells. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a relatively high mutation burden across all cancer types, and cellular immunity to neoantigens likely plays a key role in HNSCC clinical outcomes. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) have brought new treatment options and hopes to patients with recurrent and/or metastatic HNSCC. However, many patients do not benefit from CPI therapies, highlighting the need for novel immunotherapy or combinatorial strategies. One such approach is personalized cancer vaccination targeting tumor‐associated antigens and tumor‐specific antigens, either as single agents or in combination with other therapies. Recent advances in next‐generation genomic sequencing technologies and computational algorithms have enabled efficient identification of somatic mutation‐derived neoantigens and are anticipated to facilitate the development of cancer vaccine strategies. Here, we review cancer vaccine approaches against HNSCC, including fundamental mechanisms of a cancer vaccine, considerations for selecting appropriate antigens, and combination therapies.
Pupillary and Attentional Responses to Infant Facial Expressions in Mothers Across Socioeconomic Variations
Authors: Yrttiaho Santeri , Bruwer Belinda , Zar Heather J. , Donald Kirsten A , Malcolm‐Smith Susan , Ginton Lee , Hoffman Nadia , Vuong Eileen , Niehaus Dana , Leppänen Jukka M. , Stein Dan J. 
Published: December 2020

Maternal responses to infant facial expressions were examined in two socioeconomically diverse samples of South African mothers (Study I, N = 111; and Study II, N = 214; age: 17–44 years) using pupil and gaze tracking. Study I showed increased pupil response to infant distress expressions in groups recruited from private as compared to public maternity clinics, possibly reflecting underlying differences in socioeconomic status (SES) across the groups. Study II, sampling uniformly low‐SES neighborhoods, found increased pupil dilation and faster orientation to expressions of infant distress, but only in the highest income group. These results are consistent with maternal physiological and attentional sensitivity to infant distress cues but challenge the universality of this sensitivity across socioeconomic diversity.
EMU: Efficient Muscle Simulation in Deformation Space
Authors: Modi V. , Fulton L. , Jacobson A. , Sueda S. , Levin D.I.W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEMU is an efficient and scalable model to simulate bulk musculoskeletal motion with heterogenous materials. First, EMU requires no model reductions, or geometric coarsening, thereby producing results visually accurate when compared to an FEM simulation. Second, EMU is efficient and scales much better than state‐of‐the‐art FEM with the number of elements in the mesh, and is more easily parallelizable. Third, EMU can handle heterogeneously stiff meshes with an arbitrary constitutive model, thus allowing it to simulate soft muscles, stiff tendons and even stiffer bones all within one unified system. These three key characteristics of EMU enable us to efficiently orchestrate muscle activated skeletal movements. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach via a number of examples with tendons, muscles, bones and joints.
The association between changes of gustatory function and changes of salivary parameters: A pilot study
Authors: Zhu Yunmeng , Feron Gilles , Von Koskull Dorothee , Neiers Fabrice , Brignot Helene , Hummel Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the pilot study was to explore which of the salivary parameters best reflects improvement or deterioration of taste function.MethodsA total of 14 patients were included. Taste ability was measured using taste strips and patients rated their symptom strength using visual analogue scales. Salivary parameters (flow rate, total proteins, proteolysis, catalase, total anti‐oxidative capacity [TAC], carbonic anhydrase VI [caVI], and pH) were determined and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered. All these parameters were measured twice with a one‐year interval to acquire the changes of data.ResultsPatients with decreased taste function exhibited a decrease in salivary proteolysis and caVI, and an increase in salivary total protein. Patients with increased taste function also showed an increase in salivary total protein. Δ Salivary flow rate was negatively correlated with Δ taste strip scores. Δ Salivary pH was significantly lower in patients with increased taste function compared to patients with decreased taste function. Δ BDI was positively correlated with both Δ symptoms ratings. Across all patients, symptom ratings decreased while salivary total protein increased; salivary flow rate, proteolysis and caVI decreased significantly compared with baseline.ConclusionsThe present longitudinal results suggest that changes of both taste function and taste complaints were accompanied by changes in salivary parameters, indicating that salivary parameters have the potential to be useful in the diagnosis of patients with qualitative taste disorders.
Assisted colonization of a regionally native predator impacts benthic invertebrates in fishless mountain lakes
Authors: Banting Allison L. K. , Taylor Mark K. , Vinebrooke Rolf D. , Carli Chris M. , Poesch Mark S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe intentional introduction of native cold‐water trout into high‐elevation fishless lakes has been considered a tool to build resilience to climate change (i.e., assisted colonization); however, ecological impacts on recipient communities are understudied. The purpose of this study was to inform native cold‐water trout recovery managers by assessing potential consequences of translocating a regionally native trout (westslope cutthroat trout; Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) into fishless mountain lakes. This study compared littoral benthic invertebrate richness, diversity, community structure and abundance between three groups of lakes (fishless, native trout, nonnative trout) in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. While richness and diversity were preserved across all lake groups, other lines of evidence suggested that the introduction of native westslope cutthroat trout into fishless lakes can alter littoral benthic invertebrate communities in similar ways as nonnative brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). The community structure of cutthroat trout lakes resembled brook trout lakes compared to that of fishless lakes. For example, both trout‐lake groups contained a lower density of free‐swimming ameletid mayflies and a higher density of certain burrowing taxa. Risk assessments for trout‐recovery actions should consider the potential for collateral damage to recipient invertebrate communities. Future research should identify possible cascading trophic effects on species subsidized by invertebrate prey.
Fish assemblages of the St. Joseph River Watershed, Indiana: Effects of mainstem dams
Authors: Pyron Mark , Deegan Daragh J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe tested for effects of two dams on fish assemblages in the St. Joseph River, Indiana. Fishes were collected by boat electrofisher twice annually, at 23 sites from 1998 to 2018. Fish collection data were aggregated into CPUE counts of species per 500 m, and CPUE were pooled across sites above and below the dams. We used multivariate analyses to test for spatial and temporal variation for assemblages above and below dams. Assemblages above and downstream of the dams differed significantly when examined by collection year. The effects (abundances of fish species) of the dams on fish assemblages were different at the South Bend dam from those at the Elkhart dam. Trajectories of temporal change in fish assemblages above and below dams were all gradual and directional. Temporal variation in fish abundance categorised into trophic traits (guilds) differed by location. We suggest that moderate to high stress from anthropogenic impacts on the St. Joseph River appears to result in high assemblage variation above and below dams. The St. Joseph River fish community appears to be unstable, likely from multiple anthropogenic impacts to water quality, habitat degradation and hydrologic alteration. We found that 25 of 33 hydrologic variables in four of five Indicators of Hydrological Alteration groups were significantly altered from 1931 to 2019. However, hydrology variation as potential disturbance events did not visually match observed temporal assemblage variation.
Modification of national OSCE due to COVID‐19 – Implementation and students’ feedback
Authors: Hytönen Hanna , Näpänkangas Ritva , Karaharju‐Suvanto Terhi , Eväsoja Taina , Kallio Anu , Kokkari Anne , Tuononen Tiina , Lahti Satu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimThe aims were to describe the development of a modified national online OSCE during COVID‐19 and assess related student feedback.Material and methodsThe modified online OSCE comprising of eight question entities was organised simultaneously in all four dental institutes of Finland using the Moodle virtual learning environment. All fourth‐year students (n = 179) attended the examination online at home. Student feedback was collected via an anonymous questionnaire with multiple‐choice questions and open‐ended questions concerning attitudes towards the modified online OSCE, as well as content and usability of the question entities in the examination. Means and standard deviations were calculated for multiple‐choice questions. Content analysis was used for open‐ended questions.ResultsOf 179 students, 119 (66%) consented to the study. Students experienced they had received adequate information (mean 3.8; SD 1.2), had a positive attitude before the examination (4.0; 1.0) and found the practice test useful (3.7; 1.1) (range 1–5). Technical implementation (2.7; 0.7) and the difficulty of the questions (2.9; 0.6) (range 1–4) were found to be good. The teaching students received during their studies was sufficient (3.2; 0.5) (range 1–4). Content (mean 3.2; 0.4) and usability (2.9; 0.4) of the question entities were good (range 1–4). The themes arising from open‐ended questions were importance and practicality of the topic (in questions) in relation to the work of a dentist and gratitude for the rapid conversion of the OSCE into an online examination despite COVID‐19. The themes arising from negative experiences included difficulties in completing the examination within the time allocated, and dissatisfaction with the model answers provided after the examination.ConclusionThe positive student feedback towards the modified online OSCE encourages including an online examination to complement the traditional OSCE.