bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Utility of Intraoperative Lateral Spread Recording in Microvascular Decompression for Hemifacial Spasm: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Thirumala Parthasarathy D , Altibi Ahmed M , Chang Robert , Saca Eyad E , Iyengar Pragnya , Reddy Rajiv , Anetakis Katherine , Crammond Donald J , Balzer Jeffrey R , Sekula Raymond F 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Microvascular decompression (MVD) is the surgical treatment of choice for hemifacial spasm (HFS). During MVD, monitoring of the abnormal lateral spread response (LSR), an evoked response to facial nerve stimulation, has been traditionally used to monitor adequacy of cranial nerve (CN) VII decompression.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the utility of LSR monitoring in predicting spasm-free status after MVD postoperatively.

METHODS
We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase for relevant publications. We included studies reporting on intraoperative LSR monitoring during MVD for HFS and spasm-free status following the procedure. Sensitivity of LSR, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, and positive predictive value were calculated.

RESULTS
From 148 studies, 26 studies with 7479 patients were ultimately included in this meta-analysis. The final intraoperative LSR status predicted the clinical outcome of MVD with the following specificities and sensitivities: 89% (0.83- 0.93) and 40% (0.30- 0.51) at discharge, 90% (0.84-0.94) and 41% (0.29-0.53) at 3 mo, 89% (0.83-0.93) and 40% (0.30-0.51) at 1 yr. When LSR persisted after MVD, the probability (95% CI) for HFS persistence was 47.8% (0.33-0.63) at discharge, 40.8% (0.23-0.61) at 3 mo, and 24.4% (0.13-0.41) at 1 yr. However, when LSR resolved, the probability for HFS persistence was 7.3% at discharge, 4.2% at 3 mo, and 4.0% at 1 yr.

CONCLUSION
Intraoperative LSR monitoring has high specificity but modest sensitivity in predicting the spasm-free status following MVD. Persistence of LSR carries high risk for immediate and long-term facial spasm persistence. Therefore, adequacy of decompression should be thoroughly investigated before closing in cases where intraoperative LSR persists.
HCN 3–2 survey towards a sample of local galaxies
Authors: Li Fei , Wang Junzhi , Fang Min , Tan Qing-Hua , Zhang Zhi-Yu , Gao Yu , Li Shanghuo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We present observations of HCN 3–2 emissions towards 37 local galaxies using the 10 m Submillimeter Telescope. HCN 3–2 emission is detected in 23 galaxies. The correlation of infrared luminosity (LIR) and the luminosity of HCN 3–2 line emission measured in our sample is fitted with a slope of 1.11 and correlation coefficient of 0.91, which follows the linear correlation found in other dense gas tracers in the literature. Although molecular gas above a certain volume density threshold (i.e., $n_{\rm H_2}\ge 10^4\:$cm−3) statistically gave a similar relation with infrared luminosity, the large scatter of HCN 3–2/HCN 1–0 ratios for galaxies with different LIR indicates that dense gas masses estimated from the line luminosities of only one transition of dense gas tracers should be treated with caution for individual galaxies.
Astrometry of H2O masers in the W 48 A (G35.20−01.74) H ii region with VERA: A compact disk outflow inside core H-2a
Authors: Chibueze James O , Nagayama Takumi , Omodaka Toshihiro , Nagano Masayuki , Wada Koji , Hirano Ken 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
W 48 A core H-2a is one of the young massive protostellar objects in the W 48 region. We conducted multi-epoch astrometric observations of the water (H2O) masers associated with the W 48 A core H-2a with VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA). The trigonometric annual parallax of W 48 A core H-2a was measured to be 0.433 ± 0.026 mas, corresponding to a distance of $2.31^{+0.15}_{-0.13}$ kpc. This agrees with the revised parallax of 0.412 ± 0.014 mas by Wu et al. (2019, ApJ, 874, 94). We obtained the systemic proper motion and local standard of rest velocity to be (μαcos δ, μδ) = (0.26 ± 0.73, −3.87 ± 0.33) mas yr−1 and vLSR = 41.9 ± 0.9 km s−1, respectively. The distribution of the H2O masers covers an area of 70 mas × 80 mas, corresponding to 160 au × 180 au at the distance of 2.31 kpc. The internal proper motions of the H2O masers trace an east–west bipolar outflow. With the recent absolute position measurement of the 6.7 GHz methanol (CH3OH) masers and their elliptical distribution, whose major axis is perpendicular to the axis of the bipolar outflow, we suggest the presence of a disk outflow system in core H-2a. The spectral energy distribution (SED) of the driving source of core H-2a was previously reported to yield a luminosity and envelope mass of 8000 ± 1000 $W_{\odot}$ and 170 ± 30 $M_{\odot}$, respectively. Refitting the SED with the new distance, we obtained the luminosity to be 3100 ± 388 $L_{\odot}$ and derived the zero age main sequence (ZAMS) stellar mass to be 9 ± 1 $M_{\odot}$. Using our distance measurement, we derived the peculiar motion of W 48 A to be (Us, Vs, Ws) = (1 ± 4, 5 ± 6, −15 ± 5) km s−1.
Susceptibility-guided bismuth quadruple therapies for resistant Helicobacter pylori infections
Authors: Yang Tiankuo , Hu Renwei , Tang Xiaoqiong , Shen Yalin , Tay Alfred , Pi Xuenan , Wang Gang , Debowski Aleksandra W , Stubbs Keith A , Benghezal Mohammed , Marshall Barry J , Li Hong , Tang Hong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Increasing Helicobacter pylori resistance to antibiotics has ledthat molecular testing is appropriate as a sub to adoption of seven different bismuth quadruple therapies (BQT) in China without differentiation of first-line or second-line regimens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of susceptibility-guided BQT for patients who had experienced previous treatment failures. A total of 133 patients was included and H. pylori was successfully cultured from 101 patients (75.9%) for subsequent antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Based on the AST results, 88 patients completed one of five AST-guided 14-day BQT regimens: esomeprazole and bismuth colloidal pectin, along with either, amoxicillin and clarithromycin (EBAC), amoxicillin and levofloxacin (EBAL), amoxicillin and furazolidone (EBAF), amoxicillin and tetracycline (EBAT), or tetracycline and furazolidone (EBTF). H. pylori eradication rates were 100% for EBAC (5/5), EBAL (13/13), EBAF (14/14), and EBTF (43/43), but 76.9% for EBAT (10/13). The three patients that failed the EBAT regimen were all cured after subsequent treatment with the EBTF regimen. Our study demonstrates the excellent efficacy of the AST-guided BQT for referred H. pylori patients, and that the current EBAT regimen, used in clinics, needs to be optimized. In addition, 57 of the isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Analysis of the sequences revealed that point mutations in 23S rRNA correlated well with the phenotypic clarithromycin resistance with a concordance of 91.2%, while the concordance between phenotypic levofloxacin resistance and gyrA point mutations was 82.3%. This suggests that molecular testing is appropriate as a substitute for AST as a more rapid and cost-effective method for determining clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance in Chinese patients.
What is Public? Big Questions Emerging from the Clash of Legal and Policy Paradigms
Authors: Merritt Cullen C , Malatesta Deanna , Carboni Julia L , Wright James E , Kennedy Sheila Suess 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article draws on three main sources to define the constitutional boundaries for outsourcing public goods and services in the age of new governance: (1) public administration research related to public–private distinctions; (2) Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-76, federal policy on “inherently governmental” functions; and (3) the State Action Doctrine, the judiciary’s approach for distinguishing state actors from non-state actors for the purpose of redressing constitutional infringements. While these three sources have developed independently, approach the public–private debate from different vantage points, and allow significant ambiguities to remain, we contend that common ground can be leveraged theoretically to derive criteria to resolve many government outsourcing decisions in a way that is efficient and effective. Our main contribution is in providing first steps toward the development of a modern legal and administrative framework that aligns outsourcing theory and practice with the realities of new governance.
Random Inspections and Periodic Reviews: Optimal Dynamic Monitoring
Authors: Varas Felipe , Marinovic Iván , Skrzypacz Andrzej 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We study the design of monitoring in dynamic settings with moral hazard. An agent (e.g. a firm) benefits from reputation for quality, and a principal (e.g. a regulator) can learn the agent’s quality via costly inspections. Monitoring plays two roles: an incentive role, because outcomes of inspections affect agent’s reputation, and an informational role because the principal directly values the information. We characterize the optimal monitoring policy inducing full effort. When information is the principal’s main concern, optimal monitoring is deterministic with periodic reviews. When incentive provision is the main concern, optimal monitoring is random with a constant hazard rate.
Does the Transition to Grandparenthood Deter Gray Divorce? A Test of the Braking Hypothesis
Authors: Brown Susan L , Lin I-Fen , Mellencamp Kagan A 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe gray divorce rate, which describes divorce among individuals aged 50 and older, has doubled since 1990. Extending prior research that showed the transition to parenthood has a “braking effect” on divorce, we examined whether the transition to grandparenthood, an emotionally meaningful midlife event that typically renews midlife marriages, exerts an analogous “braking effect” on gray divorce. Using panel data from the 1998–2014 Health and Retirement Study, we found that becoming biological grandparents has a large deterrent effect on gray divorce that persists even after accounting for a host of other factors known to be associated with divorce. However, the transition to step grandparenthood has no protective effect on gray divorce. Our study demonstrates the importance of the larger family system and in particular the life webs connecting the generations for promoting marital stability among midlife couples.
Automation, Occupational Earnings Trends, and the Moderating Role of Organized Labor
Authors: Parolin Zachary 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRoutine-biased technological change has emerged as the dominant explanation for the differential earnings growth of occupations at greater risk of automation, such as machine operators or office clerks, relative to less routine occupations. In contrast, this paper finds that the declining earnings returns to an occupation’s routine task intensity (RTI) can largely be attributed to the decline of organized labor. Using individual-level data on 3.3 million employed adults across the United States from 1983 to 2017, this paper finds that organized labor has two countervailing effects on occupations at greater risk of automation. First, higher union coverage within a state and industry inhibits the decline in earnings returns to an occupation’s RTI. Second, higher union coverage hastens the decline in employment shares of occupations with higher RTI. The result is that occupations at greater risk of automation experience more favorable earnings growth where unions are more resilient, but at the cost of accelerated declines in their employment shares. Counterfactual analyses demonstrate that if union coverage in the United States had remained stable at 1983 levels, the earnings returns to an occupation’s RTI might not have declined from 1983 to 2017, and the observed pattern of occupational earnings polarization in the 1990s might not have occurred. However, the mean RTI of occupations might have declined by an additional 21 percent from 1983 to 2017 relative to the observed decline. The findings suggest that the social consequences of automation are conditional on the strength of organized labor.
A Yield and Cost Comparison of TB Contact Investigation and Intensified Case Finding in Uganda
Authors: Kakinda Michael , Matovu Joseph K. B 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionResource constraints in LMICs limit TB contact investigation despite evidence its benefits outweigh costs, with increased efficiency when compared with intensified case finding (ICF). However, there is limited data on the yield and cost per TB case identified in low resource-settings. We compared the yield and cost per TB case identified for ICF and TB-CI in Uganda.MethodsA retrospective cohort study based on data from 12 Ugandan hospitals was done between April and September 2017. Two methods of TB case finding (i.e. ICF and TB-CI) were used. Regarding ICF, patients either self-reported their signs and symptoms or were prompted by health care workers, and those suspected to have TB were requested to produce a sputum sample. On the other hand, TB-CI was done by home-visiting and screening contacts of TB patients for TB; with those found with signs and symptoms requested to produce sputum samples for examination. TB yield was defined as the ratio of diagnoses to tests, and this was computed per method of diagnosis. The costs per TB case identified (medical, personnel, transportation and training) for each diagnosis method were computed using the activity-based approach, from the health care perspective. Cost data were analyzed using Windows Excel.Results454 index clients’ cases and 2,707 of their household contacts were investigated. Thirty-one per cent of contacts (840/2707) were found to be presumptive TB cases. A total of 7,685 tests were done, 6,967 for ICF and 718 for TB-CI. ICF had a yield of 18.62% (1297/6967) at a cost of USD $120.60 to diagnose a case of TB while TB-CI had a yield of 5.29% (38/718) at an average cost of USD $ 877.57 to diagnose a case of TB.ConclusionRegarding case-finding, the yield of TB-CI was four-times lower and seven-times costlier compared to ICF. These findings suggest that ICF can improve TB case detection at a low cost, particularly in high TB prevalent settings.
A nondegenerate convective-reaction-density-dependent diffusion model of in vitro glioblastoma tumor growth
Authors: Stepien Tracy L. , Rutter Erica M. , Kuang Yang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe propose a model for in vitro glioblastoma multiforme brain tumor growth, which uses density-dependent diffusion to capture both the proliferative and migratory behavior of the cancer cells. The model is compared to well-known experimental data and is analyzed for the existence of traveling wave solutions.
Impact of city and residential unit lockdowns on prevention and control of COVID-19
Authors: Shao Peng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith respect to the asymptomatic transmission characteristics of the novel coronavirus that appeared in 2019 (COVID-19), a susceptible-asymptomatic-infected-recovered-death (SAIRD) model that considered human mobility was constructed in this study. The dissemination of COVID-19 was simulated using computational experiments to identify the mechanisms underlying the impact of city and residential lockdowns on controlling the spread of the epidemic. Results: The implementation of measures to lock down cities led to higher mortality rates in these cities, due to reduced mobility. Moreover, implementing city lockdown along with addition of hospital beds led to improved cure and reduced mortality rates. Stringent implementation and early lockdown of residential units effectively controlled the spread of the epidemic, and reduced the number of hospital bed requirements. Collectively, measures to lock down cities and residential units should be taken to prevent the spread of COVID-19. In addition, medical resources should be increased in cities under lockdown. Implementation of these measures would reduce the spread of the virus to other cities and allow appropriate treatment of patients in cities under lockdown.
Gain-of-function mutations amplify cytotoxic FAM111 protease activity in human genetic disorders
Authors: Hoffmann Saskia , Pentakota Satyakrishna , Mund Andreas , Haahr Peter , Coscia Fabian , Gallo Marta , Mann Matthias , Taylor Nicholas M. I. , Mailand Niels 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDominant missense mutations in the human serine protease FAM111A underlie perinatally lethal gracile bone dysplasia and Kenny-Caffey syndrome1–3, yet howFAM111Amutations lead to disease is not known. We show that FAM111A proteolytic activity suppresses DNA replication and transcription by displacing key effectors of these processes from chromatin, triggering rapid programmed cell death by Caspase-dependent apoptosis to potently undermine cell viability. Patient-associated point mutations in FAM111A exacerbate these phenotypes by hyperactivating its intrinsic protease activity. Moreover, FAM111A forms a complex with the uncharacterized homologous serine protease FAM111B, point mutations in which cause a hereditary fibrosing poikiloderma syndrome4, and we demonstrate that disease-associated FAM111B mutants display amplified proteolytic activity and phenocopy the cellular impact of deregulated FAM111A catalytic activity. Thus, patient-associatedFAM111AandFAM111Bmutations may drive multisystem disorders via a common gain-of-function mechanism that relieves inhibitory constraints on their protease activities to powerfully undermine cellular fitness.
Gene Balance Predicts Transcriptional Responses Immediately Following Ploidy Change in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Song Michael J. , Potter Barney I. , Doyle Jeff J. , Coate Jeremy E. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The gene balance hypothesis postulates that there is selection on gene copy number (gene dosage) to preserve the stoichiometric balance among interacting proteins. This presupposes that gene product abundance is governed by gene dosage and that gene dosage responses are consistent for interacting genes in a dosage-balance-sensitive network or complex. Gene dosage responses, however, have rarely been quantified, and the available data suggest that they are highly variable. We sequenced the transcriptomes of two synthetic autopolyploid accessions of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and their diploid progenitors, as well as one natural tetraploid and its synthetic diploid produced via haploid induction, to estimate transcriptome size and dosage responses immediately following ploidy change. Similar to what has been observed in previous studies, overall transcriptome size does not exhibit a simple doubling in response to genome doubling, and individual gene dosage responses are highly variable in all three accessions, indicating that expression is not strictly coupled with gene dosage. Nonetheless, putatively dosage balance-sensitive gene groups (Gene Ontology terms, metabolic networks, gene families, and predicted interacting proteins) exhibit smaller and more coordinated dosage responses than do putatively dosage-insensitive gene groups, suggesting that constraints on dosage balance operate immediately following whole-genome duplication and that duplicate gene retention patterns are shaped by selection to preserve dosage balance.
A critical discourse analysis to explain the failure of BoP strategies
Authors: Landrum Nancy E. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to highlight differences between business and non-business literature regarding base of the pyramid (BoP) and subsistence contexts and reveal discourse’s powerful role in influencing goals, solutions and outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses critical discourse analysis to review a convenience sample of business versus non-business literature on the BoP and subsistence contexts.

Findings
Discourse used in business literature on the BoP is oriented toward hegemonic Western capitalist approaches that result in the depletion of resources, resource inequalities, poverty and increased consumption, dependence and environmental degradation and, therefore, cannot alleviate poverty.

Research limitations/implications
There are two primary limitations: the study relied on a convenience sample that was not random and comparatively, the business BoP literature is not as mature as the non-business subsistence literature and, therefore, the BoP field of study is not yet fully developed.

Practical implications
Discourse has a powerful role in revealing assumptions and guiding actions. A change in BoP discourse toward a strength-based approach can serve as a model of sustainability and can help powerful entities enact structural and systemic change.

Originality/value
This paper reveals the role of discourse in business BoP literature and how it perpetuates and even exacerbates the problems they were designed to alleviate: depletion of resources, resource inequalities, poverty and increased consumption, dependence and environmental degradation. The paper challenges researchers, economists and powerful guiding entities to reorient their discourse of the BoP to be more aligned with those of non-business researchers of subsistence markets.
Adaptive reuse of open spaces in historical buildings
Authors: Kıran Çakır Hatice , Aydın Dinçer , Arabulan Selin 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the use of open and green spaces (OGS) of a historical building after the adaptive reuse of the building. The relationship between the use of OGSs and the perceived environments of the users is examined.Design/methodology/approachTo determine the OGS use preferences of the users and to obtain quantitative data, a survey was conducted. The data were evaluated using descriptive statistics in SPSS. Also, observation method was used to determine the frequency measurements of OGS. Thus, the relationships between the results were identified statistically.FindingsIt has been determined that the outdoor space features of a historical building should be arranged following its new function. The use of OGSs was affected by the physical properties of the spaces, accessibility and time spent in the settlement.Originality/valueThe historical building itself and its interior spaces, as well as the open, semi-open and green spaces of the building, are affected by the adaptive reuse process. However, the fact that only a few studies in the literature focus on the outdoor environment of the re-functionalized historical buildings makes this study original and unique.
Climate for innovation and employee creativity
Authors: Liu Jieqiong , Wang Yanfei , Zhu Yu 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis study proposes a moderated mediation model that examines the roles that openness to change and psychological capital (PsyCap) may play in the relationship between climate for innovation and employee creativity.Design/methodology/approachPath modeling analysis with software Mplus 7 is conducted to test our moderated mediation model.FindingsThe results show that climate for innovation promotes openness to change, which in turn encourages employee creativity, and PsyCap moderates not only the relationship between climate for innovation and openness to change but also the indirect effect of climate for innovation on employee creativity through openness to change.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough we attempt to avoid common method bias by collecting data in two waves, the six-month time interval separating the two waves of data collection may not be long enough to detect the causal relationship between climate for innovation and employee creativity. In addition, this study is conducted in companies located in China, which may raise the question of generalizability to other cultures.Originality/valueThe main contribution is building a moderated mediation model to uncover the potential mediating mechanism and boundary conditions associated with the influence of climate for innovation on employee creativity.