bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new stunt nematode, Geocenamus chengi n. sp. (Nematoda: Merliniinae) in the rhizosphere of tea (Camellia sinensis) from Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Maria Munawar , Miao Wentao , Castillo Pablo , Zheng Jingwu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The tea plant is native to China; the country has the greatest tea production areas in the world. In an attempt to investigate the nematode biodiversity associated with the tea plantations of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, a population of stunt nematode was detected. This group of nematodes is comprised of migratory ecto-parasites of roots and can subsist on a variety of host plants. Therefore, the detected population was studied carefully using the integrative taxonomy approach and identified as a new species of genus Geocenamus. Geocenamus chengi n. sp. can be characterized by females having six incisures in the lateral field; labial region is dome shaped and slightly offset from the rest of the body having four to five annuli; head framework is weakly developed; deirids are absent; excretory pore is located at the anterior region of basal pharyngeal bulb. Under SEM, the vulva is a transverse slit, vulval lips are elongated and ellipsoidal with epiptygma. The tail is annulated, elongated, and conical having bluntly pointed tip and a terminal hyaline region that forms 21 to 33% of the tail length. Spicule is 22 to 25 μm long, gubernaculum is saucer shaped; bursa is crenated covering the tail until the hyaline tail region. Morphologically, the species is close to G. circellus, G. joctus, G. loofi, G. ordinarius, G. processus, G. tetyllus, and G. tortilis. Phylogenetic relationships of the new species based on D2-D3 expansion domains of 28 S, ITS, and 18 S rRNA genes indicated that G. chengi n. sp. clustered in a separate clade with G. vietnamensis.
Indigenous knowledge and community-based risk assessment of climate change among the Fulani Herder Community of Kpongu, North-Western Ghana
Authors: Napogbong Lambert Abatanie , Domapielle Maximillian Kolbe , Derbile Emmanuel Kanchebe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGiven rising concerns about climate change and development in Africa, this paper draws on Community Risk Assessment for mapping the risks of Fulani Herders to climate change in North-Western Ghana. Herder communities are seldom explored in climate change related studies although their livelihoods largely depend on the natural environment. Thus, a case study of the Fulani Herder Community of Kpongu in the Wa Municipality was conducted. The design employed Participatory Rural Appraisal instruments for data collection and analysis. The results reveal multiple indicators of climate change, including longer dry seasons and dry spells, shrinking sizes of water bodies, formation of iron pans on top soils, stunted growth of grass species, smaller grass stalks and less concentration of grasses. These have culminated into scarcity of fodder and water and increased distances of cattle herding under excruciating sunshine and temperatures in search of feed and water as an adaptive mechanism. The paper underscores that herder knowledge of climate change reveals a drying trend in climate and de-concentration in vegetation, especially grass species. The paper advocates climate change adaptation planning and policy attention to providing supplementary sources of water and feed in support of cattle herding and herder communities for climate change adaptation.
Correlating sludge constituents with digester foaming risk using sludge foam potential and rheology
Authors: Nishiguchi Kota , Winkler Mari K. H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Foam potential and viscometer ramp tests (VRTs) were conducted for three municipal wastewater treatment plants to determine if these methods can relate to mechanisms of foaming to physical and biological constituents in sludge. At all plants, digester volatile solids (VS) concentration correlated (R2 &gt; 0.41) with increases in plastic viscosity, a VRT parameter corresponding to foaming risk. Plastic viscosity also correlated with foam-causing bacteria Gordonia (R2 = 0.38). Foam potential test values increased with Microthrix parvicella (R2&gt; 0.28). For one plant, suspected foam-causing bacteria Mycobacterium negatively correlated with parameters representing foam risk. Microscopic filament counting correlated (R2 = 0.97) with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for Gordonia, suggesting that the more accessible counting method can reliably quantify foam-causing bacteria. Foam potential tests and VRTs resulted in plant-specific correlations with foam-related constituents. Therefore, these tests may provide useful evidence when investigating causes of digester foam events.
Thymoquinone, an Active Compound of Nigella sativa: Role in Prevention and Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Almatroodi Saleh A. , Almatroudi Ahmad , Alsahli Mohammed A. , Khan Amjad A. , Rahmani Arshad H. 
Published: April 2020

Background:Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide and the current mode of cancer treatment causes side effects on normal cells and are still the key challenges in its’ treatment. However, natural products or active compounds of medicinal plants have shown to be safe, affordable, and effective in diseases cure.Methods:In this context, scientific studies evidence the health-promoting effects of natural products, which work through its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activity. Thymoquinone (TM), a predominant active compound of Nigella sativa, has confirmed anti-neoplastic activity through its ability to regulate various genetic pathways. In addition, thymoquinone has established anti-cancerous effects through killing of various cancerous cells,and inhibiting the initiation, migration, invasion, and progression of the cancer. The anti-cancer effects of TM are chiefly mediated via regulating various cell signaling pathways such as VEGF, bcl2/bax ratio, p53, NF-kB, and oncogenes.Results:The anti-cancer drugs have limitations in efficacy and also causes adverse side effects on normal cells. The combination of anti-cancer drugs and thymoquinone improves the efficacy of drugs which is evident by decrease resistance to drugs and regulation of various cell signaling pathways. Moreover, combination of anti-cancer drugs as well as thymoquinone shows synergistic effect on killing of cancer cells and cells viability. Thus, TM, in combination with anti-cancer drugs, can be a good strategy in the management of various types of cancer.Conclusion:In this review article, we deliver an outline of thymoquinone role in cancer inhibition and prevention of cancer-based on in vivo and in vitro studies. Further studies on thymoquinone based on clinical trials are highly required to explore the benefits of thymoquinone in cancer management.
Differences in the Expression Pattern of mRNA Protein SEMA3F in Endometrial Cancer in vitro under Cisplatin Treatment
Authors: Kieszkowski Przemysław , Dąbruś Dariusz , Grabarek Beniamin O. , Boroń Dariusz 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Semaphorin 3F (SEMA3F) plays a substantial role in carcinogenesis, because
of its role in inducing angiogenesis, and creating a microenvironment for the developing tumor.

Objective:
The purpose of this work was to assess the impact of cisplatin, depending on the concentration
and exposure time on the expression pattern of SEMA3F in an endometrial cancer cell line.

Materials and Methods:
Cultures of the Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells were incubated with cisplatin
with the following concentrations: 2.5μM; 5μM; and 10μM and for the following periods of time:
12; 24; and 48 hours. Cells not incubated with the drug constituted the control in the experiment. To
determine the effect of cisplatin on the expression of SEMA3F, the real-time quantitative reverse transcription
reaction (RtqPCR; mRNA) was used, as well as the ELISA assay (protein). The statistical
analysis was done with the admission of p<0.05.

Results:
The silencing of SEMA3F expression on the transcriptome and proteome levels in a culture
unexposed to the effects of cisplatin in comparison to endometrial cancer cells under the influence of
cisplatin (p<0.05) were noted. Along with an increase in the concentration of the drug used, the number
of copies of the gene transcript, during the shortest incubation period had a gradual increase. Only
for the highest concentration of the drug, substantial statistical differences in the expression of the
SEMA3F protein between 24 and 48 hour incubation periods (p<0.05) were determined.

Conclusions:
Using cisplatin in an endometrial cancer cell culture results in an increased expression of
SEMA3F, which advantageously affects the normalization of the neoplastic angiogenic process and
lowers the proliferation of the cells making up the mass of the tumor.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: The Effectiveness of Probiotics for Viral Gastroenteritis
Authors: Ansari Fereshteh , Pashazadeh Fariba , Nourollahi Elaheh , Hajebrahimi Sakineh , Munn Zachary , Pourjafar Hadi 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Probiotics can be used for the treatment of viral gastroenteritis.

Objective:
This systematic review is to evaluate the evidence regarding the effect of probiotics on human
cases of viral gastroenteritis.

Methods:
The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics against placebo or
standard treatment for viral gastroenteritis. A comprehensive search of Cochrane Library, EMBASE,
MEDLINE via PubMed and Ovid databases, and unpublished studies (till 27 January 2018) was conducted
followed by a process of study selection and critical appraisal by two independent reviewers.
Randomized controlled trials assessing probiotic administration in human subjects infected with any
species of gastroenteritis viruses were considered for inclusion. Only studies with a confirmed viral
cause of infection were included. This study was developed using the JBI methodology for systematic
reviews, which is in accordance with the PRISMA guideline. Meta-analysis was conducted where feasible.
Data were pooled using the inverse variance method with random effects models and expressed
as Mean Differences (MDs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed by
Cochran Q statistic and quantified by the I2 statistic. We included 17 RCTs, containing 3,082 patients.

Results:
Probiotics can improve symptoms of viral gastroenteritis, including the duration of diarrhea
(mean difference 0.7 days, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.09 days, n = 740, ten trials) and duration of hospitalization
(mean difference 0.76 days, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.92 days, n = 329, four trials).

Conclusion:
The results of this review show that the administration of probiotics in patients with viral
gastroenteritis should be considered.
Diminished Returns of Educational Attainment on Heart Disease among Black Americans
Authors: Assari Shervin , Cobb Sharon , Saqib Mohammed , Bazargan Mohsen 
Published: April 2020

Background:Socioeconomic Status (SES) indicators, such as educational attainment, are social determinants of heart disease. Marginalization related Diminished Returns (MDRs) refer to smaller health benefits of high SES for racial and ethnic minorities compared to the majority group. It is still unknown, however, if MDRs also apply to the effects of education on heart disease.Purpose:Using a nationally representative sample, we explored racial/ethnic variation in the link between educational attainment and heart disease among American adults.Methods:We analyzed data (n=25,659) from a nationally representative survey of American adults in 2013. The first wave of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health - Adult (PATH-Adult) study was used. The independent variable was education (college graduate, high school graduate, less than a high school diploma). The dependent variable was any heart disease. Age and gender were the covariates. Race, as well as ethnicity, were the moderators. Logistic regressions were used to analyze the data.Results:Individuals with higher educational attainment had lower odds of heart disease. Race and ethnicity showed statistically significant interactions with education, suggesting that the protective effect of higher education on reducing odds of heart disease was smaller for Hispanic and Black people than for non-Hispanic and White individuals.Conclusion:Education reduces the risk of heart disease better among non-Hispanic Whites than for Hispanics and Blacks. Therefore, we may expect a disproportionately higher than expected risk of heart disease in Hispanics and Blacks with high educational attainment. Future research should test if the presence of high levels of environmental and behavioral risk factors contribute to the high risk of heart disease in highly educated Black and Hispanic Americans. Policymakers should not reduce health inequalities to just gaps in SES because disparities are present across SES levels, with high SES Blacks and Hispanics remaining at risk of health problems.
Antibacterial Activity of Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) Against Bacterial Oral Pathogen of Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC10556, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212: An in Vitro Study
Authors: Damayanti Lisda , Evaangelina Ida Ayu , Laviana Avi , Herdiyati Yetty , Kurnia Dikdik 
Published: April 2020

Background:Caries and periodontitis are dental diseases caused by bacteria ofS. sanguinis,S. mutans,andE. faecaliswith three main etiological factors of the host, substrate, and time.Objective:This study proposed to investigate the antibacterial effects of Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideusLam.) against oral bacteria ofE.faecalis,S. mutans, andS. sanguinis.Materials and Methods:The Buah Merah was extracted with different solvents to yieldn-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and H2O extracts. The concentrations of single and mixture extracts were adjusted for antibacterial assay against bacteria ofE. faecalis,S. mutans, andS. sanguinisstrains through agar well diffusion assay with chlorhexidine, fosfomycin, and quercetin used as positive controls.Results:The ethyl acetate extract showed highest antibacterial activity against three oral bacterial ofE. faecalis,S. mutans, andS. sanguiniswith inhibition zones values of 9.3, 12.3, and 17.9 mm at 40%, respectively, together with their MIC and MBC values of 1250 & 2500, 0.312 & 0.625, and 0.312 & 0.625 ppm, respectively. For the formulation of extracts, combinations samples test gave various effects to different bacteria, with the best activity showed by methanol-ethyl acetate (M-Ea) extracts againstS. mutanswith an inhibition zone of 16.25 mm at 40 ppm. The strong and synergistic effect of methanol extract againstS. mutanswas supported by inhibition zones of the formulation of methanol extract-fosfomycin which showed an inhibition zone of 25.9 mm at 10 ppm.Conclusion:The extracts of Buah Merah demonstrated antibacterial activity against oral bacteria ofE. faecalis,S. mutans,andS. sanguinisand gave important information for furtherin vivoclinical studies to determine the exact dosages and its effectiveness in practical application. These results prove the antimicrobial effects of Buah Merah extracts as alternative natural drugs with synergistic effects of active constituents.
Investigating The Implementation of a Collaborative Learning in Practice Model of Nurse Education in a Community Placement Cluster: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Williamson Graham R , Bunce Jane , Kane Adele , Jamison Caroline , Clarke Danny 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Attracting new graduate nurses to work in the community is problematic, and this has contributed to shortages in this sector in the United Kingdom and internationally. This paper reports the findings of a pilot study to implement Collaborative Learning in Practice in one region of the United Kingdom, which was intended to increase placement capacity, introduce students to this sector, and accelerate their learning and development of key skills and behaviors.

Study Aim:
To investigate the views of student nurses and the staff supporting them on placement about their experiences of implementing Collaborative Learning in Practice.

Methods:
We conducted four focus group interviews between winter 2018 and spring 2019, with 31 staff and students in two English counties in the South West of England. These were transcribed and analysed using the Framework Method; themes were discussed and agreed by the research team.

Results:
Three themes emerged: Peer support, which concerned the benefits of being in placement with other students; Developing and learning, which was about the acquisition of skills including leadership; and Organisation, which related to issues and concerns involved in the preparation and daily management of the collaborative learning in practice experience.

Conclusion:
Some positive aspects were reported, particularly in relation to hospice and General Practice Nursing placements. Most clear was the supportive potential for peer learning fostered by Collaborative Learning in Practice. Less positive aspects were the potential for horizontal violence and some aspects of nursing home experiences. We believe more work needs to be done to make nursing homes an attractive option for students and new graduates, and regarding visual materials for pre-placement preparation.
Penerapan model pembelajaran reciprocal teaching ditinjau dari kemampuan penalaran matematis peserta didik pada materi bangun datar segiempat
Authors: Andira Trini , Santoso Budi , Yusup Muhammad 
Published: April 2020

Penalaran matematis merupakan salah satu aspek penting yang sangat dibutuhkan peserta didik dalam mempelajari matematika. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan penalaran matematis peserta didik, salah satunya dengan penerapan model pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pembelajaran dan kemampuan penalaran matematis peserta didik melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching pada materi bangun datar segiempat di kelas VII. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 34 peserta didik kelas VII.5 yang berasal dari SMP Negeri 13 Palembang. Data dikum­pulkan menggunakan observasi dan tes. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah data hasil observasi kegiatan peserta didik pada saat diterapkan model pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching dan data hasil tes untuk melihat kemampuan penalaran matematis peserta didik setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran Reci­procal Teaching. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil pene­litian menun­jukkan bahwa (1) keaktifan peserta didik selama diterapkan model pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching berada pada kategori “sangat aktif” dengan persentase rata-rata 88,71%; (2) kemampuan penalaran matematis peserta didik setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching berada pada kategori “cukup” dengan rata-rata skor sebesar 67,89.Kata kunci: Pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching, penalaran matematis, pembelajaran matematika Applying of reciprocal teaching-learning model viewed from students’ mathematical reasoning on the quadrilateral matter AbstractThe mathematical reasoning was one of the important aspects that students need in learning mathematics. Various efforts have been made to improve students’ mathematical reasoning skills, one of which was the application of the Reciprocal Teaching learning model. This research was a quantitative descriptive research that aims to explain the process of learning implementation and student’s mathematical reasoning ability by using the Reciprocal Teaching learning model on the quadrilateral matter in class VII. The subjects of this research were 34 students of class VII.5 from SMP (Junior High School) Negeri 13 Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia. Data were collected using observations and tests. The data obtained in this research were the observation data of students activities when applied the Reciprocal Teaching learning model and the test results data to see students’ mathematical reasoning abilities after applying the Reciprocal Teaching learning model. The results of research showed that (1) student activity during applying the Reciprocal Teaching learning model was in the “very active” category with an average percentage of 88.71%; (2) students’ mathematical reasoning abilities after applying the Reciprocal Teaching learning model was in the “enough” category with an average score of 67.89.
Keefektifan pendekatan CTL dan discovery ditinjau dari prestasi, kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kecemasan matematika
Authors: Prasetyawan Enggar 
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mendeskripsikan keefektifan dan perbedaan keefektifan pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) dan Discovery ditinjau dari prestasi belajar, kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan kecemasan matematika. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain nonequivalent groups prestest-posttest. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Ngaglik. Sampel penelitian ini adalah kelas X MIA 2 dan X MIA 4 yang diperoleh melalui pemilihan secara acak dari empat kelas yang masing-masing siswanya berjumlah 31 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah tes prestasi belajar berupa soal pilihan ganda yang terdiri dari 20 butir soal, tes kemampuan berpikir kritis berupa soal uraian yang terdiri dari 4 butir soal, dan angket kecemasan matematika yang terdiri dari 32 butir pernyataan. Pengujian keefektifan pendekatan CTL dan discovery dilakukan dengan uji one sample t-test. Pengujian perbedaan keefektifan antara pendekatan CTL dan Discovery dilakukan dengan uji MANOVA (Hotteling’s Trace). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) pendekatan CTL dan discovery efektif ditinjau dari prestasi belajar, kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan kecemasan matematika, (2) tidak ada perbedaan keefektifan pendekatan CTL dan Discovery ditinjau dari prestasi belajar, kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan kecemasan matematika. Effectiveness of CTL and discovery approach viewed from students’ achievement, critical thinking ability, and math anxiety AbstractThis study aimed to describe the effectiveness and difference of effectiveness between of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) and discovery approach viewed from students’ learning achievement, critical thinking ability, and math anxiety. This research was quasi experiment with nonequivalent groups prestest-posttest design. The population in this study was all students of class X of SMAN 2 Ngaglik. The sample of the study was the students of X MIA 2 and X MIA 4 which is determined randomly from four classes which each of that classes consist of 31 students. The instruments used to collect data were a learning achievement test consisting of 20 multiple choice questions, a critical thinking ability test consisting of 5 essays, and math anxiety questionnaires that consisted of 32 statements. To determine the effectiveness of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) and Discovery approach, one sample t-test was used. To discover the difference of effectiveness between Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach and Discovery approach MANOVA (Hotteling’s Trace) was used. The results show that (1) Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) and Discovery approach are effective viewed from student’s learning achievement, critical thinking ability, and math anxiety,(2) there is no difference in effectiveness between Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach and Discovery approach viewed from student’s learning achievement, critical thinking ability, and math anxiety.