bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sentiment of the public: the role of social media in revealing important events
Authors: Daou Hoda 
Published: November 2020

PurposeSocial media is characterized by its volume, its speed of generation and its easy and open access; all this making it an important source of information that provides valuable insights. Content characteristics such as valence and emotions play an important role in the diffusion of information; in fact, emotions can shape virality of topics in social media. The purpose of this research is to fill the gap in event detection applied on online content by incorporating sentiment, more specifically strong sentiment, as main attribute in identifying relevant content.Design/methodology/approachThe study proposes a methodology based on strong sentiment classification using machine learning and an advanced scoring technique.FindingsThe results show the following key findings: the proposed methodology is able to automatically capture trending topics and achieve better classification compared to state-of-the-art topic detection algorithms. In addition, the methodology is not context specific; it is able to successfully identify important events from various datasets within the context of politics, rallies, various news and real tragedies.Originality/valueThis study fills the gap of topic detection applied on online content by building on the assumption that important events trigger strong sentiment among the society. In addition, classic topic detection algorithms require tuning in terms of number of topics to search for. This methodology involves scoring the posts and, thus, does not require limiting the number topics; it also allows ordering the topics by relevance based on the value of the score.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-12-2019-0373
Caught between two fronts: successful aging in the time of COVID-19
Authors: Richter Lukas , Heidinger Theresa 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic poses a great challenge for older people both in terms of the severity of the disease and the negative consequences of social distancing. Assumptions about negative effects on the lives of the elderly, affecting dimensions of successful aging (such as the preservation of social relationships), have thus far been hypothetical and have lacked empirical evidence. The aim of this paper is to shed empirical light on the effects of COVID-19 on the everyday life of older people against the background of the concept of successful aging.

Design/methodology/approach
Data of a standardized, representative telephone survey with residents of Lower Austria, a county of Austria, were used for this secondary analysis. The sample included 521 persons of 60 years of age and older. For this paper, contingency analyses (χ² coefficients, z-tests using Bonferroni correction) and unidimensional correlational analyses were calculated.

Findings
The empirical data show that successful aging along the three dimensions of successful aging is a challenge in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic – leaving the elderly caught between two fronts.

Originality/value
The present work focusses on a unique moment in time, describing the changes to the lives of Austrian elderly because of the social distancing measures imposed to protect against the spread of COVID-19. These changes are discussed in the theoretical framework of successful aging.
Co‐infection best predicts respiratory viral infection in a wild host
Authors: Glidden Caroline K. , Coon Courtney A. C. , Beechler Brianna R. , McNulty Chase , Ezenwa Vanessa O. , Jolles Anna E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

The dynamics of directly transmitted pathogens in natural populations are likely to result from the combined effects of host traits, pathogen biology, and interactions among pathogens within a host. Discovering how these factors work in concert to shape variation in pathogen dynamics in natural host–multi‐pathogen systems is fundamental to understanding population health.

Here, we describe temporal variation in incidence and then elucidate the effect of hosts trait, season and pathogen co‐occurrence on host infection risk using one of the most comprehensive studies of co‐infection in a wild population: a suite of seven directly transmitted viral and bacterial respiratory infections from a 4‐year study of 200 free‐ranging African buffalo Syncerus caffer.

Incidence of upper respiratory infections was common throughout the study—five out of the seven pathogens appeared to be consistently circulating throughout our study population. One pathogen exhibited clear outbreak dynamics in our final study year and another was rarely detected.

Co‐infection was also common in this system: The strongest indicator of pathogen occurrence for respiratory viruses was in fact the presence of other viral respiratory infections. Host traits had minimal effects on odds of pathogen occurrence but did modify pathogen–pathogen associations. In contrast, only season predicted bacterial pathogen occurrence.

Though a combination of environmental, behavioural, and physiological factors work together to shape disease dynamics, we found pathogen associations best determined infection risk. Our study demonstrates that, in the absence of very fine‐scale data, the intricate changes among these factors are best represented by co‐infection.
Socioeconomic status and the effectiveness of treatment for first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Bennett Daniel , Rosenheck Robert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether patient socioeconomic status (SES) moderates the effectiveness of coordinated specialty care for first‐episode psychosis and to investigate possible mechanisms.Data SourcesA secondary analysis of data from the RAISE‐ETP Trial, which was conducted from 2010‐2014.Study DesignRAISE‐ETP was a cluster‐randomized trial comparing a coordinated specialty care (CSC) intervention called NAVIGATE with usual community care. We constructed a patient SES index based on parental education, parental occupational prestige, and race/ethnicity. After identifying correlates of SES, we used OLS regression analysis to estimate treatment effects on the major study outcomes across quartiles of the index. We also examined whether correlates of SES including the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), and participation in NAVIGATE might account for the observed difference in effectiveness of CSC by SES.Principal FindingsThe trial sample had a similar SES distribution to the US population, and SES was positively correlated with all mental health outcomes and several potential moderators at baseline. CSC substantially improved the main trial outcomes compared to community care for patients in the highest SES quartile but had small and statistically insignificant benefits for the remaining 75% of patients. Intervention participation rates and several potential moderators did not explain this disparity.ConclusionsCSC may be more effective for high‐SES patients with early psychosis than low‐SES patients. Additional research is needed to understand why CSC is less effective for low‐SES patients and to develop methods to increase effectiveness for this subgroup.
The US and EU’s Intellectual Property Initiatives in Asia: Competition, Coordination or Replication?
Authors: Morin Jean‐Frédéric , Cartwright Madison 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntellectual property rights (IPRs) have been a priority for the European Union and the United States. However, over the past two decades, the EU and US have failed to advance their preferred IPRs standards through multilateral forums and have pursued bilateral alternatives instead. How have the EU and US pursued their strategies in this fragmented environment? Looking specifically at the Asia‐Pacific, we compare their bilateral initiatives on IPRs across three strategies: treaty‐making, coercion and socialization. Through this analysis, we examine whether the EU and US’s bilateral actions indicate regulatory competition, coordination or replication. We find that the overall tendency has been towards replication, which raises questions about the reasons for this redundancy and its policy consequences. As the rise of bilateralism is not unique to IPRs, our findings have implications for global governance more generally.
Antioxidant treatment to reduce mortality and serious adverse events in adult surgical patients: A systematic review with meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Pedersen Sofie S. , Fabritius Maria L. , Kongebro Emilie K. , Meyhoff Christian S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundHyperoxia during anesthesia can increase cellular oxidative stress, and perioperative antioxidant treatment may reduce the resulting damage. The aim of this review was to evaluate risks and benefits of antioxidant treatment in surgical patients. We hypothesized that antioxidant treatment reduced mortality compared to placebo/no intervention.MethodsThis systematic review with meta‐analyses and trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted using Cochrane standards and GRADE methodology. Randomized clinical trials comparing perioperative antioxidant treatment vs. placebo/no intervention in adults were included. Primary outcome was mortality at longest follow‐up.ResultsNinety‐seven trials with 8156 patients were included. The most common interventions were N‐Acetylcysteine (36 trials) and vitamin C (29 trials). Trials were primarily performed during cardiac surgery (53 trials). Fifty‐six trials with 4890 patients reported information on mortality (243 events). The meta‐analysis of mortality at longest follow‐up showed a reduced mortality in antioxidant treated patients (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.59; 0.94, I2 0%), however, TSA‐adjusted CI was broadened (0.55‐1.02) and only 31% of the required information size was reached. Furthermore, in the subgroup of three trials with overall low risk of bias the RR for mortality was 1.18 (95% CI 0.39, 3.63). Based on GRADE, our findings are of low quality of evidence due to high risk of bias, imprecision, and indirectness.ConclusionWe found a 26% relative risk reduction of mortality in surgical patients treated with antioxidants but the quality of evidence supporting our findings is low and influenced by clinical heterogeneity and high risk of systematic‐ and random errors.
Alcohol‐Specific Communication and Emerging Adult Offspring’s Perceived Parental Approval and Drinking in the Context of Parent Alcohol Expectancies
Authors: Ramer Nolan E. , Paige Katie J. , Colder Craig R. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThere are mixed findings in the literature regarding the association between parental alcohol communication and offspring alcohol use. To clarify this association, this study tested a prospective mediated moderation model in which the association between parental communication about the risks of alcohol use and emerging adult offspring drinking was mediated by offspring perceived parental approval of drinking. Parental alcohol expectancies and use were tested as moderators of the link between communication and perceived approval.MethodThe community sample of 378 emerging adult and caregiver dyads completed 3 annual assessments (first assessment mean age = 19.13). The sample was 54% female and majority White/non‐Hispanic (76%). Caregivers reported on their own alcohol expectancies and use, and emerging adult offspring reported on parental communication of alcohol risks, perceived parental approval of drinking, and their own alcohol use. Multilevel modeling was used to test hypotheses.ResultsMediated moderation was largely supported. More frequent communication about the risks of drinking was prospectively associated with low levels of perceived parental approval of alcohol use, which in turn was associated with low levels of offspring drinking. This pathway depended on parental alcohol expectancies.ConclusionsFindings suggest that including mediators (e.g., perceived approval of drinking) helps to clarify the mixed literature on parental communication about alcohol and that parental attitudes about alcohol can impact the effectiveness with which parents convey the risk of alcohol to offspring.
The importance of forests for an apex predator: spatial ecology and habitat selection by pumas in an agroecosystem
Authors: Azevedo F. C. , Lemos F. G. , Freitas‐Junior M. C. , Arrais R. C. , Morato R. G. , Azevedo F. C. C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe maintenance of viable carnivore populations along human‐dominated landscapes depends on the understanding of the species requirements that are critical to the design of global actions focused on their conservation. Using resource selection function and a spatial analysis approach, we evaluated large carnivore habitat use in a disturbed landscape by studying pumas in a rapidly developing region in Southeast Brazil. Pumas had a mean home‐range size of 203.7 ± 39.8 km2 and showed pronounced territorial behavior through intrasexual overlap (males 22% and females 60%). Our results also revealed a strong habitat association with forest vegetation both at population and individual levels, followed by pasture with shrubs, a type of anthropized habitat that offers cover and prey; the use of this type of landcover was more frequent during night hours. Our study is the first robust home‐range estimation of pumas in Brazil and fills a gap in puma's ecology knowledge in anthropized tropical environments, highlighting the importance of natural habitat patches to this predator along human‐modified areas and reinforcing the species demand for vast and forested areas to thrive. In areas where conservation goals include the maintenance or increase in large predator populations, identifying the limits imposed by anthropogenic landscape changes, and ensuring that these are not exceeded, is paramount for conservation initiatives.
Morphometry of the heart of greater rhea (Rhea americana americana, Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Borges Ryshely Sonaly De Moura , Medeiros Andre De Macedo , Silva Joelma Gomes da , Paiva Ruana Rafaela Lira Torquato , Costa Herson da Silva , Oliveira Moacir Franco de , Moura Carlos Eduardo Bezerra de 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHeart diseases in birds are frequent and generate significant production disorders. Morphometry is a valuable tool to provide fundamental information about heart conditions. Few studies have addressed morphological aspects of the heart of ratite birds, such as the Greater rhea. The present study aimed to analyse rhea heart morphometry, comparing young and adult subjects, in order to provide relevant information for the diagnosis of heart disease in this species. Hearts of young (n = 10) and adult (n = 10) female rheas were used in this research. Heart length and width and sternum length were measured using a caliper. Heart length and width and sternum length in adults were approximately three times greater than in young individuals. The left ventricular wall (LVW) was thicker than the right ventricular wall (RVW) at all ages, and the RVW was thicker in adults when compared to young subjects. The basal and middle RVW regions thicken with advancing age, and the thickness of the interventricular septum (ISW) occupies an intermediate position between the LVW and RVW. In general, an increase in rhea heart thickness and size relative to age is observed. The morphometric variations between young and adult rhea hearts observed in the present study may serve as a comparative subsidy for the diagnosis of cardiac abnormalities observed in this species.
Main and Interactive Effects of Nicotine Product Type on Sleep Health Among Dual Combustible and E‐Cigarette Users
Authors: So Christine J. , Meers Jessica M. , Alfano Candice A. , Garey Lorra , Zvolensky Michael J. 
Published: November 2020

Background and ObjectivesE‐cigarette use is associated with concurrent use of combustible cigarettes among adults and may increase the risk of future combustible cigarette use in adolescents and young adults. Detrimental effects of combustible cigarette use on sleep health are well documented, but little is known about the additive effects of concurrent e‐cigarette use. The current study examined the main and interactive effects of daily nicotine product frequency on various components of sleep health.MethodsTwo hundred and twenty‐seven dual‐product users (54.2% female,Mage = 36.89, SD = 10.17) completed questionnaires regarding demographic information, average number of cigarettes smoked per day, average number of times e‐cigarettes used per day, and sleep health.ResultsCombustible cigarette frequency uniquely predicted shorter sleep duration, whereas e‐cigarette frequency uniquely predicted increased daytime dysfunction due to sleepiness. Further, there was an interactive effect of combustible and electronic cigarettes on the use of sleeping medications.Discussion and ConclusionsFindings may suggest differential adverse effects on sleep, depending on the type of nicotine product used, and highlight potential intervention targets for users. Future work should examine these associations prospectively and/or use objective measurements of sleep and nicotine use to further elucidate the nature of these relationships.Scientific SignificanceThis is the first study to explore the main and interactive effects of dual‐product use on various dimensions of subjective sleep quality. This is important to investigate, given that dual nicotine users are at greater risk for physical health problems as well as the adverse effects of nicotine on sleep health. (Am J Addict 2020;00:00–00)
Caravan explosions: a case series of burns patients at the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital
Authors: Swift Kate , Vujcich Elizabeth , Matthews Teresa , Reade Michael C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCaravan explosions due to gas cylinder explosions or gas leaks are responsible for a small but significantly injured group of burns patients. Those involved in explosions are sometimes assumed to be at risk of primary blast wave injury; however, the likelihood of such injuries is unclear. The aim of this research was to seek evidence of primary blast injury in groups defined by clinicians as having sustained burns in explosive and non‐explosive events.MethodsThis is a single‐centre case series of patients with caravan‐related burns from 2009 to 2019, identified using the burns data registry at the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital. Patients were divided into two groups based on the mechanism of injury, with injuries sustained from either a gas bottle explosion (group 1) or from gas ignition (group 2).ResultsTwenty‐one patients were identified over the 10‐year period. The explosion group suffered more extensive burns, with a median % total body surface area of 31% (23.5–43.5) and 9.5% (5–20) in group 1 and group 2, respectively (P = 0.01). There was a numerically longer median hospital and intensive care unit length of stay in group 1. In multivariable analysis, there were no statistically significant predictors of intensive care unit or hospital length of stay. None of the patients appeared to have suffered any of the expected effects of primary blast wave injury.ConclusionGas bottle explosions in caravans uncommonly, if ever, result in a blast wave of sufficient energy to cause primary blast injury.
Is sufficient experience performing open gastrectomies necessary to start laparoscopic distal gastrectomy training?
Authors: Yamada Takanobu , Kano Kazuki , Fujikawa Hirohito , Komori Keisuke , Watanabe Hayato , Shimoda Yota , Shiozawa Manabu , Morinaga Soichiro , Aoyama Toru , Numata Masakatsu , Tamagawa Hiroshi , Rino Yasushi , Masuda Munetaka , Ogata Takashi , Oshima Takashi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionLaparoscopic gastrectomy has become a standard procedure for treatment of gastric cancer, and hence, the opportunity for trainees to perform open gastrectomies may decrease. We investigated whether laparoscopic distal gastrectomy, performed by surgical trainees without sufficient experience performing open gastrectomies, was feasible and safe.Patients and MethodsWe compared short‐term outcomes in patients when laparoscopic distal gastrectomies were performed by experienced trainees (ET group; n = 124) and inexperienced trainees (IT group; n = 98) from 2013 to 2019.ResultsThe operation time was significantly shorter in the ET group (median time: 253 minutes vs 286 minutes, P < 0.001). The incidence of grade ≥ 2 postoperative complications did not differ significantly between the groups. In the multivariate analysis, experience performing open gastrectomies was not an independent predictor of postoperative complications.ConclusionLaparoscopic distal gastrectomies performed by trainees, with insufficient experience performing open gastrectomies, are as feasible and safe as that performed by ET.
The hyolaryngeal apparatus of three species ofScinax(Scinaxinae: Hylidae: Anura) and comparison with other Hylidae species
Authors: Arenas‐Rodríguez Angélica , Hoyos Julio Mario 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe hyolaryngeal apparatus includes the arytenoid, cricoid and hyoid cartilages, and varied sizes and shapes can be distinguished between species. Although the larynx is an important morphological structure for sound production in frogs, few studies describe the structures and processes of its parts in hylids. We studied the hyolaryngeal anatomy of both males and females ofScinax ruber(Laurenti, 1768), using clearing and double staining methods, comparing it with that ofScinax wandae(Pyburn and Fouquette, 1971), Scinax kennedyi(Pyburn, 1973) and other hylid species. We found thatS. ruberhas the largest arytenoid cartilage of any species of the subfamily Scinaxinae studied to date. We described both the laryngeal differences among threeScinaxspecies and the interspecific variability in the shapes of the projections of the arytenoid in the males of these species. The taxonomic characters (presence/absence of processes of the cartilage of Santorini, oesophageal process or bronchial processes) described here can play a key role in differentiating these species fromScinaxspecies and from other species. In addition, we want to contribute to the natural history and comparison of the larynges inScinaxand within the genus and the Hylidae.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes among 2347 patients aged ≥85 years with major lymphoma subtypes: a Nordic Lymphoma Group study
Authors: Wästerlid Tove , Oren Gradel Kim , Eloranta Sandra , Glimelius Ingrid , El‐Galaly Tarec C. , Frederiksen Henrik , Smedby Karin E. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThere is a lack of data regarding treatment and prognosis for the growing group of oldest old patients with lymphoma. Therefore, we studied 2347 patients aged ≥85 years from the Danish and Swedish lymphoma registers 2000–2016 (Denmark) and 2007–2013 (Sweden). Outcome was assessed using relative survival (RS). The 2‐year RS overall for patients with aggressive lymphomas was 38% [95% confidence interval (CI) 35–42%], of whom 845 (66%) patients received active treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, other). For aggressive lymphomas, not receiving active treatment was associated with an inferior 2‐year RS of 12% (95% CI 9–17%) compared to 49% (95% CI 45–53%) for patients who received active treatment (excess mortality rate ratio 2·84, 95% CI 2·3–3·5; P < 0·0001). For patients with indolent lymphoma, the 2‐year RS was 77% (95% CI 72–82%). Here, 383 (46%) patients received active treatment at diagnosis, but did not have better 2‐year RS (75%, 95% CI 67–81%) compared to those who did not receive active treatment (83%, 95% CI 74–89%). We conclude that outcomes for the oldest old patients with lymphoma are encouraging for several subtypes and that active treatment is associated with improved outcome amongst the oldest old patients with aggressive lymphomas, indicating that age itself should not be a contraindication to treatment.