bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No man is an Island: spatial clustering and access to primary care as possible targets for the development of new community mental health approaches.
Authors: Nascimento Miguel , Lourenço Beatriz , Coelho Ines , Aguiar Joana , Lázaro Mariana , Silva Mariana , Pereira Camila , Neves-Caldas Inês , Gomes Filipe , Garcia Sara , Nascimento Sandra , Pereira Guilherme , Nogueira Violeta , Costa Pedro , Nobre Alice 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: to understand if patients seen at Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa (CHPL) live in geographical clusters or randomly throughout the city, as well as determine their access to the psychiatric hospital and primary care facilities (PCF).
Methods: spatial autocorrelation statistics were performed (queen criterion of contiguity), regarding all patients observed at CHPL in 2017 (at the census subsection level), and considering not only their overall number but also main diagnosis, and admission to the psychiatric ward - voluntary or compulsory.
Distance to the hospital and to the closest PCF was measured (for each patient and the variables cited above), and the mean values were compared.
Finally, the total number of patients around each PCF was counted, considering specified radius sizes of 656 and 1000m.
Results: All 5161 patients (509 psychiatric admissions) were geolocated, and statistical significance regarding patient clustering was found for the total number (p-0.0001) and specific group of disorders, namely Schizophrenia and related disorders (p-0.007) and depressive disorders (p-0.0002).
Patients who were admitted in a psychiatric ward live farther away from the hospital (p-0.002), with the compulsory admissions (versus voluntary ones) living even farther (p-0.004).
Furthermore, defining a radius of 1000m for each PCF allowed the identification of two PCF with more than 1000 patients, and two others with more than 800.
Conclusions: as patients seem to live in geographical clusters (and considering PCFs with the highest number of them), possible locations for the development of programs regarding mental health treatment and prevention can now be identified.
Implementation and adoption of a health insurance support tool in the electronic health record: A mixed methods analysis within a randomized trial
Authors: Hatch Brigit , Tillotson Carrie , Huguet Nathalie , Marino Miguel , Baron Andrea , Nelson Joan , Sumic Aleksandra , Cohen Deborah , DeVoe Jennifer 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: In addition to delivering vital health care to millions of patients in the United States, community health centers (CHCs) provide needed health insurance outreach and enrollment support to their communities. We developed a health insurance enrollment tracking tool integrated within the electronic health record (EHR) and conducted a hybrid implementation-effectiveness trial in a CHC-based research network to assess tool adoption using two implementation strategies.

Methods: CHCs were recruited from the OCHIN practice-based research network. Seven health center systems (23 CHC clinic sites) were recruited and randomized to receive basic educational materials alone (Arm 1), or these materials plus facilitation (Arm 2) during the 18-month study period, September 2016-April 2018. Facilitation consisted of monthly contacts with clinic staff and utilized audit and feedback and guided improvement cycles. We measured total and monthly tool utilization from the EHR. We conducted structured interviews of CHC staff to assess factors associated with tool utilization. Qualitative data were analyzed using an immersion-crystallization approach with barriers and facilitators identified using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Results: The majority of CHCs in both study arms adopted the enrollment tool. The rate of tool utilization was, on average, higher in Arm 2 compared to Arm 1 (20.0% versus 4.7%, p <0.01). However, by the end of the study period, the rate of tool utilization was similar in both arms; and observed between-arm differences in tool utilization were largely driven by a single, large health center in Arm 2. Perceived relative advantage of the tool was the key factor identified by clinic staff as driving tool utilization. Implementation climate and leadership engagement were also associated with tool utilization.

Conclusions: Using basic education materials and low-intensity facilitation, CHCs quickly adopted an EHR-based tool to support critical outreach and enrollment activities aimed at improving access to health insurance in their communities. Though facilitation carried some benefit, a CHC’s perceived relative advantage of the tool was the primary driver of decisions to implement the tool.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02355262, Posted February 4, 2015
Musculoskeletal pain and associated factors among waste collectors in Hanoi, Vietnam: A cross-sectional study.
Authors: Nguyen Bang Van , Tran Thuy , Hoang Ngan Thi , Nguyen Bich Ngoc , Nguyen Quynh Thuy` 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent among waste collectors in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and risk factors of persistent musculoskeletal disorders among waste collectors in Hanoi, Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was utilized to study 468 waste collectors in 2017. The Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire and questionnaires on demographic and work conditions were used to collect data. Descriptive and Multivariate logistics regression analyses were applied at the significant level p<0.05. Findings: 67.4% waste collectors participating into this study reported musculoskeletal disorders in at least one body region. Lower back was the most affected site, followed by pain in the neck and shoulders. The risk of persistent musculoskeletal disorders associated with age, gender, work hours, work shift, duration of poor postures of the neck and back, carrying heavy objects, and experience of work dissatisfaction, stress or anxiety. Conclusions: High prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among waste collectors and association with self-assessed unfavorable work postures and work-related stress imply the need of mechanical and social support at work for waste collectors to prevent the development of musculoskeletal disorders.
Medical infrared thermal imaging of syringomyelia in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
Authors: Larkin Michael , Loughin Catherine , Marino Dominic , Dewey Curtis , Umbaugh Scott , Sackman Joseph 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background

Medical infrared thermal imaging (MITI) is a non-invasive imaging modality gaining popularity in the veterinary field. An infrared camera captures emission of heat and creates a color map in the form of a thermogram. Topical heat emission is influenced by localized disease processes as a result of autonomic nervous system imbalance. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of using thermography to identify changes in thermographic patterns associated with syringomyelia (SM) presence or absence in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) with Chiari-like Malformation (CLM).

Results

In CKCS with CLM, MITI was most accurate at a texture distance of 6. Optimizing imaging feature sets produced a highest accuracy of 69.9% (95% CI: 59.5-79.0%), with 81.3% sensitivity and 57.8% specificity for identifying the presence of syringomyelia.

Conclusion

Thermographic image analysis is a successful non-invasive, diagnostic test that can be used to screen for syringomyelia presence in a CKCS with CLM.
Potential Prognostic Roles of Serum Lactate and Creatine Kinase Levels in Poisoned Patients
Authors: Golaghaei Alireza , Hassanian-Moghaddam Hossein , Shadnia Shahin , ZAMANI NASIM , Amraei Fatemeh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Examination of serum lactate Level and its changes, as an indicator of tissue oxygenation, as well as level of creatine kinase (CK) inhibitors, as a factor of mortality which partially expresses heart, brain, and muscle damage, may be considered as tools to determine prognosis in critically ill patients. We aimed to evaluate these two factors as potential prognostic factors in critically poisoned patients admitted to our toxicology ICU.
Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study that was performed on poisoned patients referred to emergency department of Loghman Hakim Hospital. One-hundred critically poisoned patients who had been admitted to ICU were conveniently chosen using a random number table and included into the study after obtaining consent forms form their next of kin. Their serum lactate and CK levels were checked on admission. These levels were compared subsequently between survivors and non-survivors to seek for their potential prognostic role.
Results: In a total of 100 patients enrolled, 61 were male. Serum level of lactate (with a cut off of 26 mg/dL) and serum CK with a cutoff point of 169 U/L could have prognosticated death with sensitivity and specificity of 78% and 77% (for lactate) and 74% and 62% (for serum CK), respectively.
Conclusions: In poisoned patients, serum lactate and CK can be used as possible prognostic factors because they rapidly increase in the serum and are easily detectable.
Comparison of suprapatellar versus infrapatellar approaches of intramedullary nailing for distal tibia fractures
Authors: Lu Yao , Wang Gen , Hu Bin , Ren Cheng , Sun Liang , Wang Zhimeng , He Changjun , Xue Hanzhong , Li Zhong , Zhang Kun , Ma Teng , Wang Qian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to analyze and compare the clinical and functional outcomes of distal tibia fractures treated with intramedullary nailing (IMN) using the suprapatellar (SP) and infrapatellar (IP) surgical approaches.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in 63 patients with distal fractures that were treated with IMN between August 2014 and August 2018. A total of 27 and 36 patients underwent IMN using the SP and IP techniques, respectively. The surgical time, blood loss, closed reduction rate, rate of adjuvant reduction technique, fracture healing time, and complications were reviewed in this study. Anterior knee pain was assessed using the visual analog scale. The Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale were used as clinical measurements.Results: A total of 63 patients, with a minimum follow-up of 12 months, were evaluated. The average surgical time, blood loss, rate of adjuvant reduction technique, closed reduction rate, fracture healing time, and Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale score were insignificantly different (P>0.05) between the two groups. However, the SP approach was superior to the IP approach in terms of pain score, AOFAS score, and fracture deformity rate (P<0.05).Conclusions: In the treatment of distal tibia fractures, the SP IMN technique is associated with a significantly higher functional outcome, lower knee pain, and lower rate of fracture deformity than the IP IMN technique.
Quality Of Selected Anti-retroviral Medicines: Tanzania Mainland Market As A Case Study
Authors: Mziray Sophia , MAGANDA BETTY , Mwamwitwa Kissa , Fimbo Adam M. , Kisenge Seth , Sambu Gerald , Mwalwisi Yonah H. , Bitegeko Adonis , Alphonce Emmanuel , Khea Akida , Shewiyo Danstan H. , Kaale Eliangiringa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still health problem worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan African countries, such as Tanzania. Anti-retroviral medicines (ARVs) have significantly reduced morbidity, mortality and improved the quality of life of people living with HIV infection. Thus, good quality ARVs is amongst the key factors which guarantee successful therapeutic outcomes and prevention of development of drug resistant strains. This study was aimed at monitoring the quality of ARVs circulating on the Tanzania Mainland market.Methodology This was a prospective cross sectional study. ARVs samples were collected in 20 regions of Tanzania Mainland, between 2012 and 2018. All samples were subjected to screening testing using the Global Pharma Health Fund ® Mini-Lab kits. Sampled ARV’s that failed screening test or yielded doubtful results and ten percent (10%) of all that complied with the screening test requirements were subjected to confirmatory testing using full pharmacopoeia monographs at the Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority (TMDA), quality control laboratory prequalified by the World Health Organisation. Samples collected from the medicine distribution outlets were also subjected to product information review.Results A total of 2,630 samples were collected, of which 83.7% (2200/2630) were from port of entry (POEs). Out of the 430 samples which were subjected to product information review, 25.6% (110/430) failed to comply with the packaging and labelling requirements. All sampled ARV’s that were screened and conformed to the specifications, except of the fixed dose combination (FDC) lopinavir/ritonavir 0.27% (7/2630) and lamivudine/zidovudine/nevirapine 0.27% (7/2630) that failed the disintegration test. In confirmatory testing using full pharmacopoeia monographs, all samples conformed to the requirements, except of FDC stavudine/lamivudine/nevirapine which failed disintegration 2% (2/100) and assay tests 1% (1/100) respectively. Samples failing the assay test had low content of stavudine (86.6%) versus specification limits (90% -110%).Conclusion The quality of majority of ARVs circulating on the Tanzania Mainland market was good. The existence of number of ARVs circulating on Tanzania Mainland market which do not comply with product information requirements was significant. These results call for continuous monitoring of quality of medicines circulating on the Tanzania market.
Factors related to COVID-19 severity and mortality based on comparison between Henan and Zhejiang: an observational study
Authors: Ji Wangquan , Liang Ruonan , Zhu Peiyu , Yang Haiyan , Chen Shuaiyin , Zhang Weiguo , Jin Yuefei , Duan Guangcai 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread across China and the world, since outbreak at the end of 2019. Although COVID-19 is generally considered as self-limiting, some of cases develop in to fatal respiratory restress, multiple organ failure and even sudden death. According to the data released by the provincial health commissions, there are obvious regional differences in COVID-19 mortality. To explore possible factors of COVID-19 related severity and mortality in laboratory-confirmed cases from Henan and Zhejiang.Methods: We collected the public data released by the government. We analyzed and compared the possible factors, including initial symptoms, gender, age, place of residence, time interval from onset to diagnosis, epidemiological history and the grade of hospital for patient’s treatment in laboratory-confirmed cases. Student’s t-test, Chi-square (2) test, Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) test and Mann-Whitney U rank sum test were used complied with the applicable conditions. Statistical test was performed with a level of significance α=0.05.Results: Death cases in Henan were mainly from male, elderly infected persons and those who had a history of contact with patients and underlying basic diseases. Henan had the higher proportion of cases with fever and the lower proportion of asymptomatic infection, and had higher proportions of imported male cases with a contact history, and elderly cases living in rural areas, relative to Zhejiang. The time interval of confirmed cases in rural areas of Henan was 0.8 day longer than that in Zhejiang. Hospitals grade for patients’ treatment in Henan was lower than Zhejiang.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that initial symptoms, age, place of residence, gender, the time interval from onset to diagnosis and the grade of designated hospital for patient’s treatment are possible factors behind COVID-19 related severity or mortality. This study will provide useful information for public health authorities to develop disease prevention strategies.
Revealing the full-length transcriptome of caucasian clover rhizome development
Authors: Yin Xiujie , Yi Kun , Zhao Yihang , Hu Yao , Li Xu , He Taotao , Liu Jiaxue , Cui Guowen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum M.Bieb.) is a strongly rhizomatous, low-crowned perennial leguminous and ground-covering grass. The species may be used as an ornamental plant and is resistant to cold, arid temperatures and grazing due to a well-developed underground rhizome system and a strong clonal reproduction capacity. However, the posttranscriptional mechanism of the development of the rhizome system in caucasian clover has not been comprehensively studied. Additionally, a reference genome for this species has not yet been published, which limits further exploration of many important biological processes in this plant. Result: We adopted PacBio Sequencing and Illumina Sequencing to identify differentially expressed transcripts in five tissues taproot (T1), horizontal rhizome (T2), swelling of taproot (T3), rhizome bud (T4) and rhizome bud tip (T5) of the caucasian clover rhizome. In total, we obtained 19.82 GB clean data and 80,654 nonredundant transcripts were analyzed. Additionally, we identified 78,209 open reading frames (ORFs), 65,227 coding sequences (CDSs), 58,276 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), 6,821 alternative splicing (AS) sites, 24,29 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 4,501 putative transcription factors (TFs)from 64 different families. Compared with other tissues, T5 exhibited more differentially expressed genes, and co-upregulated genes in T5 are mainly annotated as involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. We also identified betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) as a highly expressed gene specific to T5. WGCNA cluster analysis of transcription factors and physiological indicators were combined to reveal 11 candidate genes (MEgreen-GA3), three of which belong to the HB-KNOX family, that are up-regulated in T3. We analyzed 276 differential transcripts involved in hormone signaling and transduction, and the largest number of transcripts are associated with the IAA signaling pathway, with significant upregulation in T2 and T5. Conclusions: Taken together, this study contributes to our understanding of gene expression across five different tissues and provides preliminary insight into rhizome growth and development in caucasian clover.
Marker-trait association analysis for drought tolerance in smooth bromegrass
Authors: Saeidnia Fatemeh , Majidi Mohammad Mahdi , Mirlohi Aghafakhr 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Little information is available on the application of marker-trait association (MTA) analysis for traits related to drought tolerance in smooth bromegrass. The objectives of this study were to identify marker loci associated with important agronomic traits and drought tolerance indices as well as fining stable associations in a diverse panel of polycross derived genotypes of smooth bromegrass. Phenotypic evaluations were performed at two water environments (normal and drought stress) during two years and association analysis was done with 626 SRAP markers. Results The results of population structure analysis identified three main subpopulations possessing significant genetic differences. Under normal irrigation, 68 and 57 marker-trait associations were identified using general linear model (GLM) and mixed linear mode1 (MLM), respectively. While under deficit irrigation, 61 and 54 markers were associated with the genes controlling the studied traits, based on these two models, respectively. Some of the markers were associated with more than one trait. It was revealed that markers Me1/Em5-11, Me1/Em3-15, and Me5/Em4-7 were consistently linked with drought-tolerance indices. Conclusion Following marker validation, the MTAs reported in this panel could be useful tools to initiate marker-assisted selection (MAS) and targeted trait introgression of smooth bromegrass under normal and deficit irrigation regimes, and possibly fine mapping and cloning of the underlying genes and QTLs.
Demographical history and genetic differentiation of an endemic and endangered Ulmus lamellosa (Ulmus)
Authors: Hou Huimin , Ye Hang , Wang Zhi , Wu Jiahui , Gao Yue , Han Wei , Na Dongchen , Sun Genlou , Wang Yiling 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Ulmus lamellosa, an endemic and endangered species and one ancient species of Ulmus, has undergone the climate oscillations and geographical changes. Elucidating its demographical and genetic differentiation is very important for understanding the evolutionary history and ecological adaption of forests in Northern China. Results: According to ITS and Aat sequences, eighteen and twenty-three haplotypes were detected respectively. The haplotype distribution was polymorphic in most populations. All levels-phylogeographic clades were geographically structured, namely THM, YM and YSM groups. Within U. lamellose, higher genetic diversity and significant genetic variation were present, YSM and THM had a relatively higher diversity than that of YM. The divergence of U. lamellosa intraspecies haplotypes occurred during Miocene-Pliocene that associated with Tertiary major geological and/or climatic events, which was supported by the gene exchanges among three groups. During the glaciation, YSM and THM regions might be regarded as refugia for U. lamellose. A range expansion was not expected at the evolutionary process, except the THM group based on ITS data. The series Mountains uplift (such as Yanshan Mountains and Taihang Mountains) in North China after Miocene-Pliocene and subsequently Quaternary climatic oscillations further promoted the divergence among populations. Conclusions: Geographical topology and climate change played a critical role on the phylogeographic structure of U. lamellosa, leaded to the current pattern of U. lamellosa. These results would provide important information and clues for the demographical study of the trees in Northern China.
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli activates nitrate respiration to benefit from the inflammatory response for acceleration of infection
Authors: Nada Risa , Ebihara Shinya , Yen Hilo , Tobe Toru 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: For successful colonization, enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) injects virulence factors, called effectors, into target cells through the type three secretion system (T3SS), which is composed of a needle and basal body. Under anaerobic conditions, the T3SS machinery remains immature and does not have a needle structure. However, activation of nitrate respiration enhances the completion of the T3SS machinery. Because nitric oxide released by the host inflammatory response increases nitrate concentration, we sought to determine the effect of the inflammatory response on EHEC colonization. Results: The colony-forming capacity was increased in accordance with the increase of nitrate in the medium. The addition of the nitric oxide-producing agent NOR-4 also enhanced the colonization capacity, which was dependent on nitrate reductase encoded by the narGHJI genes. Culture supernatant of epithelial cells, which was stimulated by a cytokine mixture, enhanced the colony-forming capacity of wild-type EHEC but not of the narGHJI mutant. Finally, colony formation by wild-type EHEC on epithelial cells, which were preincubated with heat-killed bacteria, was higher than the narGHJI mutant, and this effect was abolished by aminoguanidine hydrochloride, which is an iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor. Conclusions: These results indicate that the inflammatory response enhances EHEC colonization by increasing nitrate concentration.