bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cultural Biography of a Pilgrimage Token: From Hagiographical to Archaeological Evidence
Authors: Boero Dina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Across the eastern Mediterranean, the personnel of late antique pilgrimage sites distributed terracotta tokens stamped with depictions of saints, scenes from the life of Christ, and related imagery. Using primarily hagiographical sources, scholars associate tokens with healing practices, the veneration of icons, and the worship of relics. Certainly, hagiographies offer valuable representations of ritual processes, but they also make claims on the proper distribution, meaning, and use of tokens amidst a diversity of intercessory activities. How, in practice, was a token produced and distributed? How did pilgrims use tokens at and away from pilgrimage complexes beyond the assertions made by hagiographers? This article answers these questions by tracing the “cultural biography” of a token. It analyzes the archaeological contexts of tokens in order to clarify select statuses that a token might occupy during its lifetime, including commodity, gift, domestic object, funerary object, relic, rubbish, and art object. This approach lays the foundation for examining hagiographical claims regarding the use of tokens as one among many assertions in the contested process of harnessing the power of saints. It illustrates the capacity of devotees to exhibit diverse practices as well as the efforts of personnel at pilgrimage sites to shape those practices.
Séquences onomastiques divines à Ostie-Portus
Authors: Van Haeperen Françoise 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe corpus of dedications from the ports of Rome, Ostia, and Portus, is examined through the lens of divine onomastic sequences, as defined by the Mapping Ancient Polytheisms (MAP) team. About forty onomastic attributes have been identified, nearly half of which appear more than once. The agents of these dedications are then investigated, before assessing the extent to which chronological and spatial dimensions have had an impact on the divine onomastic sequences attested at Ostia and Portus. Some reflections are also proposed on: the onomastic attributesaugustus,sanctus,andNumen, frequent in the ports of Rome; divine onomastic sequences linked to groups or individuals; “functional” and “altero-divine” onomastic sequences. Finally, the variety of onomastic sequences that can be applied to the same deity is considered. This research thus testifies to the interest and operability of the tools forged by the MAP team, also in the Latin-speaking world.
Spectral Properties of Fermi Blazars and their Unification Schemes
Authors: Iyida Evaristus U. , Odo Finbarr C. , Chukwude Augustine E. , Ubachukwu Augustine A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We use the distributions of spectral indices (α
v
) of a large homogenous sample of Fermi-detected blazars to re-investigate the relationship between flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and subclasses of BL Lac objects (BL Lacs). We compute the broadband synchrotron and Compton spectral indices from radio-to-X-ray and X-ray to y-ray bands, respectively. Analyses of our data show continuity in the distributions of the spectral indices from FSRQs to HSP through LSP and ISP subclasses of BL Lacs. We find from y-ray luminosity distribution that the jetted radio galaxies form the low-luminosity tail of the distribution, which is suggestive that the sequence can be extended to the young jetted galaxy populations. We observe a significant difference in the shape of Compton and synchrotron spectra: significant anti-correlation (r ∼−0.80) exists between the broadband Compton and synchrotron spectral indices. Furthermore, the broadband spectral indices vary significantly with redshift (z) at low redshift (z < 0.3) and remain fairly constant at high (z ≥ 0.3) redshift. The trend of the variations suggests a form of evolutionary connection between subclasses of blazars. Thus, while selection effect may be significant at low redshift, evolutionary sequence can also be important. Our results are not only consistent with a unified scheme for blazars and their young jetted galaxy counterparts but also suggest that the broadband spectral sequence of blazars is not a secondary effect of redshift dependence.
Relationship of FTO gene variations with NAFLD risk in Chinese men
Authors: Chen Xuefen , Gao Yong , Yang Xiaobo , Zhang Haiying , Mo Zengnan , Tan Aihua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundFat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is an obesity susceptibility gene and its relationship with the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the relationships of FTO gene variations with NAFLD risk in a Chinese male population.MethodsA 1:2 matched case–control study was performed on 275 cases of NAFLD and 550 controls matched for age. Nine of the FTO gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped.ResultsLogistic regression analysis found that FTO rs1477196 was significantly associated with the susceptibility to NAFLD in recessive genetic models [unadjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22–5.19, P = 0.012] and the relativity weakened after further adjustment for body mass index (BMI), uric acid, metabolic syndrome, smoking, and drinking (adjusted OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 0.96–4.99, P = 0.06). In the obese group, the AA + AG genotypes of rs1121980 and rs9940128 were associated with a decreased risk of NAFLD, when compared with the GG genotype, respectively (rs1121980: adjusted OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.39–0.99, P = 0.044; rs9940128: adjusted OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.38–0.97, P = 0.038). Furthermore, rs1477196 was associated with the severity of NAFLD (OR = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.09–7.94, P = 0.034).ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that the FTO gene was related to the presence and severity of NAFLD in a Chinese male population, and the relationships of the tested SNPs with NAFLD are most probably mediated by BMI.
Designing a diagnostic Total Testing Process as a base for supporting diagnostic stewardship
Authors: Cobbaert Christa , Albersen Arjan , Zwiers Irna , Schippers Pascal , Gillis Judith 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To more comprehensively support clinical management of patients in our hospital, we redesigned the diagnostic Total Testing Process (TTP) from request to report. To that end, clinical needs were identified and a vision on Total Laboratory Automation (TLA) of the TTP was developed. The Delft Systems Engineering Approach was used for mapping a desirable laboratory testing process. The desirable “To Be” diagnostic process was tendered and the translation of a functional design into a specific TLA-configuration – compliant with the vision and the predefined functional design – was accomplished using a competitive dialogue tender variant (based on art. 29 of the EU guideline 2014/24). Realization of this high-end TLA-solution enabled a high-quality testing process with numerous improvements such as clear and supportive digital request forms, specimen consolidation, track and trace and non-conformity registration at the specimen level, better blood management (∼40% less blood sampled), lean and in line processing with increased productivity (42% rise in test productivity per capita), and guaranteed total turn-around-times of medical tests (95% of TLA-rooted in line tests are reported <120 min). The approach taken for improving the brain-to-brain loop of medical testing, as fundament for better diagnostic stewardship, is explained.
Investigations of metallic elements and phenolics in Chinese medicinal plants
Authors: Konieczynski Pawel , Zarkov Aleksej , Viapiana Agnieszka , Kaszuba Mateusz , Bielski Lukasz , Wesolowski Marek 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTraditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) can be contaminated with heavy metals, and therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, and phenolic compounds contents in TCM plants used against civilization diseases. Metals were determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) for Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) for Pb, Cd, and Cr. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and phenolic acid contents were determined by HPLC and UV/vis spectrometry. The contents of the studied elements were highest in Radix Rehmanniae, whereas lowest in Fructus Lycii and Fructus Crataegi. The studied metals were assayed in the decreasing order: Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Pb, and Cd. Radix Rehmanniae Glutinosae Preparata showed the lowest phenolic composition, while Fructus Lycii showed the richest content. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the contents of ferulic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, and Cu, Cr, and Cd were among the most important factors responsible for the differentiation between the investigated medicinal plants. Cluster analysis (CA) showed that the TCM samples originating from the same botanical plant species were often found in the same cluster, which confirms the similar level of studied elements determined within the samples.
Enhancing tribo-mechanical properties and thermal stability of nylon 6 by hexagonal boron nitride fillers
Authors: Randhawa Kawaljit Singh , Patel Ashwin D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Mechanical and tribological properties of nylon 6 and nylon 6/h-BN composites were investigated in this paper. Tensile, hardness, and impact tests were carried out for mechanical properties, while wear tests on pin-on-disc were carried out for tribological properties identification. Abrasion resistance tests were carried out on the TABER apparatus to analyze the abrasive wear of materials. SEM, XRD, and TGA were used to characterize the materials and to understand the distinctive features of nylon 6 and nylon 6/h-BN composites. Experimental results show that the mechanical properties and tribological behavior of nylon 6 got enhanced by the h-BN fillers. Tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were enhanced by 15.2% and 64.5%, respectively, while hardness and impact strength were enhanced by 3.45% and 6%, respectively. COF and wear rate of composites decreased up to 4 wt% filler reinforcement due to smooth transfer film formation. Coefficient of friction (COF) and wear resistance were improved by 10–15% and 8–10%, respectively, at various testing conditions. h-BN reinforcement in the matrix resulted in more weight loss due to abrasion and it reduced the abrasion resistance of nylon 6 by 5.5 times. Thermal stability was slightly increased, and crystallinity was little affected by the h-BN fillers.
Microstructure of metatitanic acid and its transformation to rutile titanium dioxide
Authors: Wu Xiaoping , Liu Yong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe microstructure of metatitanic acid and its transformations to titanium dioxide during calcination have been investigated previously. However, the detailed microstructure of metatitanic acid has not been elucidated. Herein, we report the high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction determinations of the microstructure of metatitanic acid and its transformation to titanium dioxide during calcination. It is the first time that the detailed microstructure of metatitanic acid and its transformation to rutile titanium dioxide during calcination have been observed and elucidated. A mechanism of the transformation from metatitanic acid to crystalline titanium dioxide during calcination is described. The basic building blocks of metatitanic acid are the ultrafine crystals with an averaged diameter of a few nanometres, and these ultrafine crystals aggregate to form the porous primary particles. The primary particles further agglomerate to form the porous secondary particle. During the calcination, metatitanic acid undergoes size enlargement of ultrafine crystals, anatase–rutile transformation, merge of primary particles, and the crystal growth of titanium dioxide.
Vom „Abendland“ in „den Westen“? Die Liberalisierung der Bundesrepublik in der Nachkriegszeit in begriffsgeschichtlicher Sicht
Authors: Trautsch Jasper M. 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
In den ideengeschichtlichen Forschungen zur frühen Bundesrepublik wird gemeinhin angenommen, dass sich die vor allem in konservativen Kreisen weiterhin vorhandenen demokratie- und amerikafeindlichen Einstellungen nach 1945 wie zuvor am „Abendland“ festmachten und die Ablösung dieses Begriffes durch den des Westens in den 1960er Jahren die fortschreitende Liberalisierung Westdeutschlands widerspiegelte. In dieser begriffsgeschichtlichen Studie wird dagegen argumentiert, dass im Gebrauch der Christdemokraten das „Abendland“ in der Nachkriegszeit einen semantischen Wandel erfuhr, indem es zunehmend mit der demokratischen Staatsform assoziiert und als transatlantische Gemeinschaft umgedeutet wurde. Auf diese Weise wurde das „Abendland“ zu einem Synonym statt zu einem Konkurrenzbegriff des Westens. Die Bedeutung dieser semantischen Innovation besteht nicht nur darin, dass es historisch unzutreffend ist, vom Gebrauch des Abendlandbegriffs in der Nachkriegszeit auf eine antidemokratische und antiamerikanische Einstellung zu schließen, sondern auch darin, dass es gerade die Demokratisierung und Amerikanisierung des Abendlandbegriffs in den späten 1940ern und den 1950ern – und nicht die spätere Übernahme des Begriffs des Westens – war, die es den konservativen Gesellschaftsschichten in Westdeutschland ermöglichte, sich liberale Werte zu eigen zu machen. Denn in dem Moment, in dem sie sich als Teil einer demokratisch verfassten transatlantischen Gemeinschaft verstanden, mussten sie sich auch den ideologischen Einflüssen aus ihren westlichen Nachbarstaaten und vor allem aus den USA öffnen.
A kernel- and optimal transport- based test of independence between covariates and right-censored lifetimes
Authors: Rindt David , Sejdinovic Dino , Steinsaltz David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe propose a nonparametric test of independence, termed optHSIC, between a covariate and a right-censored lifetime. Because the presence of censoring creates a challenge in applying the standard permutation-based testing approaches, we use optimal transport to transform the censored dataset into an uncensored one, while preserving the relevant dependencies. We then apply a permutation test using the kernel-based dependence measure as a statistic to the transformed dataset. The type 1 error is proven to be correct in the case where censoring is independent of the covariate. Experiments indicate that optHSIC has power against a much wider class of alternatives than Cox proportional hazards regression and that it has the correct type 1 control even in the challenging cases where censoring strongly depends on the covariate.
On the holomorph of finite semisimple groups
Authors: Blyth Russell D. , Fumagalli Francesco 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Given a finite nonabelian semisimple group G, we describe those groups that have the same holomorph as G, that is, those regular subgroups

N
≃
G

{N\simeq G}

of

S
⁢

(
G
)

{S(G)}

, the group of permutations on the set G, such that

N

S
⁢

(
G
)

⁢

(
N
)

=

N

S
⁢

(
G
)

⁢

(

ρ
⁢

(
G
)

)

{N_{S(G)}(N)=N_{S(G)}(\rho(G))}

, where ρ is the right regular representation of G.
Optimal control of a viscous generalized θ-type dispersive equation with weak dissipation
Authors: Fan Guobing , Yang Zhifeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the problem for optimal control of a viscous generalized

θ

\theta

-type dispersive equation (VG

θ

\theta

-type DE) with weak dissipation. First, we prove the existence and uniqueness of weak solution to the equation. Then, we present the optimal control of a VG

θ

\theta

-type DE with weak dissipation under boundary condition and prove the existence of optimal solution to the problem.
(p,Q) systems with critical singular exponential nonlinearities in the Heisenberg group
Authors: Pucci Patrizia , Temperini Letizia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe paper deals with the existence of solutions for(p,Q)(p,Q)coupled elliptic systems in the Heisenberg group, with critical exponential growth at infinity and singular behavior at the origin. We derive existence of nonnegative solutions with both components nontrivial and different, that is solving an actual system, which does not reduce into an equation. The main features and novelties of the paper are the presence of a general coupled critical exponential term of the Trudinger-Moser type and the fact that the system is set inℍn{{\mathbb{H}}}^{n}.
The lncRNA UBE2R2-AS1 suppresses cervical cancer cell growth in vitro
Authors: Liu Chunyan , Li Huajun , Yin Qinan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose
This study explores the effects and mechanisms of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) UBE2R2-AS1 activity in the cervical cancer development.

Methods
Thirty-four pairs of normal adjacent and cancer tissues were collected from cervical cancer patients. Pathology was evaluated by HE staining, and UBE2R2-AS1 expression was evaluated by in situ hybridization assays. HeLa and SiHa cells were respectively divided into negative control, pcDNA 3.1 vehicle control and lncRNA-expressing groups. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by CCK8 expression and flow cytometry. The number of invading cells and the wound healing rate were measured by transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. Relative protein levels (caspase-3, caspase-8, MMP-2 and MMP-9) were measured by Western blot.

Results
Compared with adjacent normal tissues, UBE2R2-AS1 expression was significantly suppressed in cancer tissues correlated with the increasing stage. UBE2R2-AS1 suppressed cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis, as well as decreased cell invasion and wound healing in cervical cancer cell lines. UBE2R2-AS1 overexpression significantly upregulated caspase-3 and caspase-8 protein expressions and significantly downregulated MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expressions by Western blot.

Conclusion

UBE2R2-AS1 suppressed cervical cancer cell biological activities and might represent an antitumor factor in cervical cancer.
Die Mobilmachungs- und Kriegsvorbereitungen der Sowjetunion in den 1950er und 1960er Jahren
Authors: Uhl Matthias 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der Aufsatz möchte eine Antwort darauf geben, wie die Wirtschaftsplaner der Staatlichen Plankommission der UdSSR (Gosplan) die sowjetischen Streitkräfte im Kriegsfall mit den vom Militär geforderten Waffen und Rüstungsgütern ausstatten wollten. Gefragt wird deshalb, welche Mengen von welchen Waffen für den Ernstfall bereitzustellen waren. Zudem wird versucht festzustellen, ob die Mobilmachungsplanungen mit der Militärstrategie der Sowjetunion in den 1950er und 1960er Jahren übereinstimmten oder ob Rüstungsmanager und Militärs unterschiedliche Vorstellungen von einem künftigen Krieg und seiner Vorbereitung besaßen. In einem zweiten Abschnitt werden die Planung der materiellen Versorgung der Bündnispartner des Warschauer Vertrages mit der benötigten Bewaffnung im Ernstfall betrachtet. So wird beispielsweise untersucht, ob die Rüstungsindustrie der Sowjetunion in der Lage war, die Bündnispartner im Falle eines Krieges ausreichend mit Waffen und Gerät auszustatten. Abschließend widmet sich der Beitrag der Zivilverteidigung der UdSSR unter den Bedingungen eines allumfassenden Raketen-Kernwaffenkrieges.
Kriegs-BND: Planungen für die Mobilmachung des Bundesnachrichten-dienstes von 1953 bis 1968
Authors: Keßelring Agilolf 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND) war im Untersuchungszeitraum 1953 bis 1968 ein Auslandsnachrichtendienst mit Fähigkeiten eines Militärnachrichtendienstes. Im Kriegsfall wäre dieser mobilisiert und seine Zentrale nach Spanien verlegt worden. Dieser »Kriegs-BND« wäre seinen Aufgaben nach ein Militärnachrichtendienst gewesen. Mit Aufbau der Bundeswehr wäre er auf über 12 000 Mitarbeiter aufgewachsen. Er wäre, in sechs jeweils von einem aktiven oder Brigadegeneral der Reserve der Bundeswehr geführten Abteilungen gegliedert sowie von Generalleutnant der Reserve Gehlen geführt, der amerikanischen CIA unterstellt worden. Dies zeigt, wie die Bundesrepublik Deutschland in der Nachkriegszeit für den potenziellen Kriegsfall Regelungen anstrebte, um trotz des angenommenen Verlustes weiter Teile des Staatsterritoriums ein Höchstmaß an staatlicher Souveränität zu bewahren.
S. Grovus und Aya Yani – Zwei verschwundene Konstantinopeler Kirchen
Authors: Effenberger Arne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper examines reports of Eremya Çelebi Kömürcüyan (1637 – 1695) and Luigi Fernando Marsili (1679/80 in İstanbul) on three churches still existing in the late seventeenth century. Their topographical informations are compared with early pictorial representations of Constantinople/İstanbul (Hartmann Schedel, 1493; Giovanni Andrea Vavassore, c. 1530/50; Onufrio Panvinio, 1600; Pîrî Reis, 16th century; Franceso Scarella, c. 1686) in order to check whether the churches can be identified with those depicted here. The church of Aya Yani (St John) mentioned by Eremya Çelebi must have been located south of the Stable Gate (Ahırkapı). Marsili describes a church near the Sultan’s stables and a further one inside the Seraglio Garden. The location of the stables can be determined using the İstanbul-view from Matrakçı Nasuh (1537). The church of Aya Yani and „the church near the stables“ must therefore be identical. In Schedel’s illustration, the church in the Seraglio is erroneously designated as S. Grovus, whereas on the Düsseldorf copy after Buondelmonti’s Liber insularum Archipelagi (1485/90) it is labelled s. Maria. The building can be identified with the church of the Theotokos of the Hodegoi Monastery. Regarding the church depicted on the vedute of Vavassore and Panvinio in the former area of the imperial palace, the thesis already established by Cyril Mango is maintained, according to which the remains of the Nea Ekklesia can be seen here. Little is known about the original form of the Nea Ekklesia, but there is evidence from written sources that it was erected above substructures with underground spaces that were open to the public. If the church that Eremya Çelebi saw south of the Stable Gate, while Marsili located it near the Sultan’s stables, can be identified with the Nea Ekklesia, as suggested in this essay, then considerable remains of the building must have been still present at the end of the seventeenth century.
Contesting Hyperglobal Framings: An Analytical Approach
Authors: Harvey Rachel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSince the term globalization erupted in public and academic discourses in the late-1980s, the hyperglobal perspective has been a prominent framing offered to understand global phenomena. Despite important challenges, it has remained extremely popular with its rhetoric exerting a powerful influence across the political spectrum, and in business and policy circles. This article argues that one reason for this durability is its inadvertent reproduction by the traditional understandings of “local” and “global” utilized in frameworks critiquing the hyperglobal perspective. More specifically, as scholars have noted, the global-local tends to be marked by dichotomous binaries and placed in a scalar hierarchy where the global overpowers the local. To side-step the issues emerging from the global-local approach, a conceptual rubric focusing on the “global-particular” relationship is offered as an alternative. This orientation helps prevent the importation of the dichotomous binaries and scalar hierarchies that reproduce hyperglobal imaginaries. As a result, it is easier to retain the complexity and contingency of global dynamics, and by extension, challenge hyperglobal framings. A case study of the global foreign exchange market is used to elaborate on the framework and to show why it provides a stronger point of departure for researching and theorizing globalization.