bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors affecting the short-term efficacy of non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis: a multilevel modelling analysis
Authors: Liu Hui-Jie , Wang Bo , Wang Ao-Chen , Zhang Dan-Hong , Mao Cui , Li Qiu-Hong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: This current study is aimed to analyze the prognostic factors affecting the short-term efficacy of non-surgical treatment of patients in periodontitis from stage Ⅱ to stage Ⅳ by the multilevel modelling analysis.Materials and Methods: A total of 58 patients with chronic periodontitis were included in this study. Patients were clinically explored before and 3 months after the treatment and the difference in probing depth was determined [ Reduction of probing depth (Δ PD) = baseline PD - finial probing depth (FPD)]. Three different levels were analyzed: patients, teeth and sites to construct a multi-layer linear model.Results: Probing depth (PD) improved significantly compared with that before treatment (p < 0.05), in which FPD was (3.90±1.39) mm, and the ΔPD was (1.79±0.97) mm. Compared with the mesial sites and distal sites of the multi-rooted teeth, the number of PD ≥ 5mm or PD < 5mm after the treatment was significantly different (P < 0.05), and the proportion of PD < 5mm was higher in mesial sites. The null model showed that Δ PD varied greatly between groups at various levels (P <0.001), with prediction variable of site level, tooth level, and patient level accounted for 66%, 18%, and 16% of the overall difference, respectively. The complete model showed that the Δ PD of smokers was significantly lower than that of non-smokers (P < 0.001). The Δ PD of the mesial and distal sites was larger than that of the buccolingual central site (P < 0.001). The Δ PD of single-rooted teeth was larger than that of multi-rooted teeth (P < 0.001). The baseline PD, tooth mobility (TM), bleeding index (BI), clinical attachment loss (CAL) were significantly negatively correlated with Δ PD (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Patients with periodontitis from stage Ⅱ to stage Ⅳ, who are non-smoking, have good compliance, good awareness of oral health, and low percentage sites with PD ≥ 5mm at baseline, single rooted teeth with hypomobility, less clinical attachment loss and lower bleeding index and sites of mesial or distal can obtain an ideal short-term efficacy of non-surgical treatment.
New Mineral Names*,†
Authors: Belakovskiy Dmitriy I. , Cámara Fernando , Uvarova Yulia 
Published: January 2021

In this issue
This New Mineral Names has entries for 14 new species, including amamoorite, ammoniomathesiusite, aravaite, arsenowagnerite, fluorarrojadite-(BaNa), fluorcarmoite-(BaNa), folvikite, gadolinite-(Nd), goryainovite, kruijenite, natrowalentaite, nollmotzite, qatranaite, and triazolite.
LUGAR QUE A ESCOLA OCUPA PARA ALUNOS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: MOTIVOS PARA SUA PERMANÊNCIA NESSE ESPAÇO
Authors: Tessaro Mônica , Trevisol Maria Teresa Ceron , Bernardi Luci Dos Santos 
Published: January 2021

Analisando o contexto da modernidade líquida, é possível observar que a escola vem recebendo um grupo de alunos cada vez mais heterogêneo, caracterizados pelas diversidades sociais, culturais, econômicas, políticas, étnicas e de gênero. É nesse local marcado por diferenças que os jovens passam parte de seu tempo, estabelecem laços afetivos e compartilham experiências, concedendo motivos por permanecerem ali. Considerando que a educação é destacada por muitos jovens como um meio para ultrapassar as fronteiras sociais e econômicas, objetiva-se com esse artigo analisar os motivos, atribuídos por alunos que frequentam o ensino fundamental, para sua permanência na escola. O artigo possui como base empírica uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa. A coleta dos dados se deu por meio da técnica do Grupo Focal, e na análise utilizou-se a metodologia da Análise Textual Discursiva. Os dados revelaram que os principais incentivos listados pelos jovens sobre a permanência na escola são os bons professores e os pais.
Water, sanitation and hygiene coverage and practices of a semi-arid county in the Eastern region of Kenya
Authors: Kithuki Kioko , Opanga Yvonne , Watulo Elda , Marita Enock 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Despite substantial progress in sanitation and hygiene in Kenya, its semi-arid regions still experience poor environmental conditions. Kitui County, a semi-arid region, is characterized by water supply shortages, poor sanitation and poor hygiene coverage. This study covers water, sanitation and hygiene coverage and practices in two subcounties of Kitui County. A cross-sectional survey using mixed methods of data collection was adopted. Seven hundred and fifty-seven households were included and household heads were interviewed. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Five focused group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted and data analyzed thematically. These revealed that a majority of people obtain their water from rivers (39.9%), with 57.4% walking more than 2 km to water sources. Only 11.9% of all water sources were available throughout the year. A total of 47.4% of people use 13.3 liters/capita/day with an average cost of Ksh. 35 per 20 liter jerry can, which was reported as costly. A total of 43.6% of people felt that the water they collected was not enough to meet their requirements. Filtering was the most common form of water purification, with a majority of people perceiving clear water as safe for drinking. Latrine coverage stood at 56.4% and open defecation at 8.5%. Access to safe and adequate water supply, hygiene and sanitation services to the community continues to be poor and hence WASH interventions need to be scaled up for meeting recommended national standards.
Experimental analysis of a novel helical air gap membrane distillation system
Authors: Shahu Vandita T. , Thombre S. B. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Membrane distillation presents one of the feasible solutions to fresh water problems. The present study aims to develop an innovative helical air gap membrane distillation (HAGMD) system and to analyze its behavior under different operating conditions. In this design the condenser is made up of a cylindrical copper tube with continuous helical fins over it, that increases the total available condensation area by almost 45% and enhances the overall heat transfer throughout the module. The presence of fins in the gap also reduces the total air gap width by almost 64% and therefore improves the flux production. A detailed experimental analysis is carried out for a better understanding of the underlying phenomenon. The effect of feed water temperature, feed flow rate, cold flow rate, coolant temperature and feed salinity on the performance of HAGMD is investigated experimentally. The analysis shows that the finned condenser results in very high flux. The maximum flux obtained from the system was 20 kg/m2 hr with feed of 5 g/liter salinity and a diving force temperature difference of 45 °C.
Screening of two freshwater green microalgae in pulp and paper mill wastewater effluents in Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Bhatti Shabana , Richards Robert , McGinn Patrick 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the use of microalgae as feedstock for many marketable products, such as animal/aqua feeds, bioplastics and fertilizers, has gained renewed interest due to their fast growth potential coupled with relatively high lipid, carbohydrate and nutrient content. An algal biorefinery at an industrial site has the potential to sustainably and profitably convert carbon dioxide emissions into microalgal biomass and concomitantly reduce nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewaters. Industrial wastewaters are a potential alternative to traditional media used for large-scale microalgal cultivation. Pulp and paper mills are major consumers of water resources and discharge a huge amount of water to nearby lakes or rivers. This study investigated whether pulp and paper mill waste water is suitable for microalgal cultivation with the aim of achieving significant biomass production. Six different process waters from one Canadian pulp and paper mill were tested with two freshwater green microalgae. All of these waters were unable to support growth of microalgae due to inadequate nutrient concentrations, colour, turbidity and possible toxicity issues.
Effects of algal bloom (AB) on sediment microorganisms with special functions at different AB stages in Chaohu Lake
Authors: Bao Hongfu , Li Yiwei , Diao Xiaojun , Wang Shuguang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Algal bloom (AB) is a serious water environment problem in China, but it is still unclear how AB affects microorganisms with special functions (such as nitrogen-, phosphorus-, sulfur- and iron-related bacteria) at different AB stages. Samples of water and sediment were taken in the AB region and free algal bloom (FAB) region of Chaohu Lake at different AB stages, and the numbers of N-, P-, S- and Fe-related bacteria were determined by culture-dependent methods. Results showed that during the whole experiment, numbers of N-, P-, S-, and Fe-related bacteria in the AB region were significantly higher than those in the FAB region, especially at the AB outbreak stage. In the FAB region, numbers of above bacteria showed little variation with time. In the AB region, however, numbers of N-, S-, and Fe-related bacteria evidently changed as ‘Λ’-type with AB process. They presented an upward trend at the AB formation stage and the initial stage of AB outbreak, and then showed a downward trend. Numbers of P-related bacteria also showed a similar trend as the above bacteria, but they kept high level for long time at the AB outbreak stage. This study indicated that AB produced different effects on microorganisms with special functions at different AB stages.
Value relevance: efeitos das especificidades contábeis das empresas brasileiras do segmento de construção civil e incorporação imobiliária
Authors: Braga Paula Graciely da Silva , Silva do Carmo Carlos Henrique , Ferreira da Cunha Moisés 
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Analisar se a relevância da informação contábil, em relação ao valor de mercado, possui características diferentes nas empresas do segmento de construção civil e incorporação imobiliária em comparação com entidades dos demais segmentos.
Metodologia: A janela temporal da pesquisa abrangeu o período de 2011 a 2017, sendo a amostra final composta por 182 empresas listadas na Bovespa, das quais 20 são do setor de construção civil e incorporação imobiliária. Foi estimada regressão com dados em painel de efeitos fixos com base no modelo econométrico desenvolvido por Barth, Clinch e Israeli (2016).
Resultados: Os resultados apontam que, em relação às empresas que não são do segmento de construção civil, o mercado atribui relevância a todas as variáveis contábeis presentes no modelo. Já em relação às empresas do setor de construção civil e incorporação imobiliária os resultados trazem evidências estatísticas de que, em relação ao valor de mercado, os números contábeis das entidades do setor de construção civil e incorporação imobiliária possuem relevância informacional diferente das entidades brasileiras dos demais segmentos. Os resultados também indicam que os métodos de reconhecimento de receitas específicos adotados pelo setor de construção civil e incorporação refletem na relevância de seus números contábeis em relação ao valor de mercado das empresas.
Contribuições do Estudo: O estudo contribui com a literatura atual ao analisar a o poder informacional dos relatórios financeiros em um setor específico. Os resultados contribuem com os profissionais que elaboram as demonstrações financeira pois sinaliza a necessidade de melhoria da qualidade informacional. Também sinaliza aos agentes normatizadores que as normas destinadas especificamente a estes setores, podem estar acarretando a redução da qualidade informacional das demonstrações financeiras.
Balanced scorecard e a questão ambiental: um estudo sobre a percepção dos controllers
Authors: Maria do Rosário da Silva  , Cunha Callado Antônio André 
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: A presente pesquisa objetivou analisar a percepção dos controllers sobre o Balanced Scorecard e a questão ambiental e descrever o perfil destes profissionais.
Metodologia: Metodologicamente, é uma pesquisa exploratória-descritiva de abordagem quantitativa, com procedimento do tipo survey. O tratamento dos dados foi feito por meio da estatística descritiva. O período de coleta foi de novembro de 2018 a janeiro de 2019 ao qual foram enviados 343 questionários para um grupo de profissionais controllers que fazem parte na rede sociais LinkedIn do Brasil que atuam ou atuaram nesta função, logrando êxito em 27 questionários respondidos.
Resultados: Os respondentes tem idade entre 35 e 44 anos. 77,78% tem formação em Ciências Contábeis, 62,96% possui especialização. Possuem em média 11 anos de formação e 16 anos de atuação profissional como controller. Sobre a percepção dos respondentes em relação ao Balanced Scorecard e a questão ambiental, constatou-se que duas nomenclaturas foram bem aceitas, sendo elas: Balanced Scorecard Sustentável e Green Balanced Scorecard. Tendo estes, uma estrutura composta por indicadores ambientais inseridos em suas quatro perspectivas tradicionais.
Contribuições do Estudo: é um tema atual e relevante dentro do contexto da gestão e contabilidade e também das ferramentas de gestão empresarial. Uma vez que o BSC é explorado em sua forma tradicional. A partir da revisão bibliográfica identificaram-se poucos estudos sobre o BSC e a questão ambiental. Com isto, a pesquisa buscou contribuiu de forma empírica evidenciando o que os profissionais da área de controladoria entendem sobre o BSC Ambiental, e a melhor forma que este poderá ser aplicado nas organizações.
A study about the determinant factors of the capital structure of Brazilian companies: a quantile regression analysis
Authors: Osvaldo Martins Quintella Junior  , Claudio Ulysses Ferreira Coelho  
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The present paper aims to analyses the determinants of capital structure of ninety-four organizations from the five hundred largest Brazilian companies according to 2018 Exame magazine yearbook.
Methodology: For this research we used information from financial statements of the five hundred largest Brazilian companies. Data inference was made through descriptive statistical analysis and quantile regression analysis. The data was obtained through the companies’ websites and through economática software. The descriptive and econometric analysis were performed using Stata 12 software.
Results: The results indicate that the variables such as size and structure of the assets are significant in some quantiles to determine how companies adopt a particular capital structure. In addition, the results indicate the relationship between firm size and total debt level is positive for 25th quantile of the sample. Another point to note is that the asset structure variable has a positive relationship with the long-term debt variable for the 75th and 95th quantiles.
Contributions of the study: This research is an important contribution for finance literature considering that the quantile regression method was used. The scarcity of research using this method is notorious. Moreover, the results obtained in other works on the subject are not yet convergent about the relevant variables to determine the capital structure.
Budget Planning for education: overcoming a challenge
Authors: Jander Ângelo Diogo Ferreira  , Naiany Gabrielle Pereira Lima  , Juliana Saraiva Moreira  , Odemir Vieira Baêta  , Carla Beatriz Marques Rocha e Mucci  
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This teaching case was prepared from observations of issues experienced by the municipality of Cachoeiro de Santa Cruz, and adapted for didactic purposes, with the objective of assisting in the construction of an effective government budget planning. Its purpose is to foster reflection on the limitations and potentialitys of municipal budget management and also to propose solutions to funds for basic and fundamental education, in scenarios of material and financial restrictions.
Methodology: The proposal presents mechanisms for the construction of planning, in order to mitigate the problems related to the lack of vacancies, the hiring and maintenance of qualified personnel and the investment in quality education. Secondary data were obtained from the website of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the Basic Education Development Index (IDEB), the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira (INEP) and the Transparency Portal of the City Hall. All numerical data were intentionally extracted and modified from the 2017 Budget Report.
Results: With the application of this teaching case, students are expected to develop knowledge, skills and attitudes that prompt analysis and critical thinking about the described scenario, allowing participants to take an assertive stance and appropriate decisions budget management.
Contributions of the Study: The case was developed for application in the Public Finance and Budget Management disciplines, both for undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Administration, Accounting, Economics and other related areas, in purpose to discuss issues and encourage the interest of the participants as to the best way to build a appropriate government budget planning.
Dihydroartemisinin Ameliorates Decreased Neuroplasticity-Associated Proteins and Excessive Neuronal Apoptosis in APP/PS1 Mice
Authors: Zhao Yueyang , Long Zhimin , Liu Yuanjie , Luo Min , Qiu Yu , Idris Nur F.B. , Song Aijia , Wang Kejian , He Guiqiong 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the worst neurodegenerative disorders
worldwide, with extracellular senile plaques (SP), subsequent intracellular neurofibrillary tangles
(NFTs) and final neuron loss and synaptic dysfunction as the main pathological characteristics. Excessive
apoptosis is the main cause of irreversible neuron loss. Thus, therapeutic intervention for these
pathological features has been considered a promising strategy to treat or prevent AD. Dihydroartemisin
(DHA) is a widely used first-line drug for malaria. Our previous study showed that DHA treatment
significantly accelerated Aβ clearance, improved memory and cognitive deficits in vivo and restored
autophagic flux both in vivo and in vitro.

Methods:
The present study intended to explore the neuroprotective effect of DHA on neuron loss in
APP/PS1 double-transgenic mice and the underlying mechanisms involved. Transmission electron
microscope (TEM) analysis showed that DHA significantly reduced the swollen endoplasmic reticulum
(ER) in APP/PS1 mice. Western blot analysis indicated that DHA upregulated the level of NeuN,
NeuroD, MAP2, and synaptophysin and promoted neurite outgrowth. Meanwhile, DHA greatly corrected
the abnormal levels of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and rescued the neuronal loss
in the hippocampal CA1 area. Western blot analysis revealed that DHA notably down-regulated the
protein expression of full length caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax. In parallel, the expression of
the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 increased after oral DHA treatment.

Results:
Altogether, these results indicate that DHA protected AD mice from neuron loss via promoting
the expression of BDNF and other neuroplasticity-associated proteins and suppressing the inhibition
of neuronal apoptosis.
1,3,4-Thiadiazolo (3,2-Α) Pyrimidine-6-Carbonitrile Scaffold as PARP1 Inhibitors
Authors: Kaviarasan Lakshmanan , Eldhose Elizabeth , Krishnamurthy Praveen T. , Rajagopal Kalirajan , Mohammed Manal , Prudviraj Pulla , Byran Gowramma 
Published: January 2021

Background:
1,3,4-thiadiazolo pyrimidine is a lead molecule that is versatile for a wide variety of biological
activities and in continuation of our interest in establishing some novel heterocyclic compounds for antitumor
activity.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to synthesize series of 5-amino-7-(substituted aldehyde)-2[(naphthalene-2-yloxy)methyl] -
[1,3,4]thiadiazolo-[3,2-α]-pyrimidine-6- carbonitrile derivative and evaluated for their possible in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity.

Methods:
Herein, we report the synthetic scheme, which was followed for the preparation of a series of title
compounds B1- B9 outlined in scheme 1. The intermediate 5-[(naphthalen-2- yloxy)methyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazolo-
2-amine was prepared by heating 2-naphthoxyacetic acid and thiosemicarbazide in the presence of phosphoryl
chloride at a temperature of 65-75°C. The obtained compound reacted with malononitrile and an appropriate
amount of aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes in refluxing ethanol yielded 5-amino-7-(substituted
aldehyde)-2[(naphthalene-2-yloxy)methyl] -[1,3,4]thiadiazolo-[3,2-α]-pyrimidine-6- carbonitrile derivatives
(B1 – B9). The purity of the synthesized compounds was ensured by various spectral analyses.

Results:
In in silico molecular docking studies, compounds B3 and B9 show binding affinity like known PARP1
inhibitor olaparib. The cellular evaluation indicates that the anticancer profile of compounds B1, B3, and B9
is significant when compared to the standard drug (olaparib) against MDA-MB-232 cell line and compounds
B3, B6, and B7 are the most active against MCF-7 cell lines. The most active compound B3 was subjected to
acute oral toxicity studies by OECD 423 guidelines and in vivo anti-cancer studies were carried out using DMBA
induced model.

Conclusion:
The in silico docking study of the newly synthesized compounds was performed; the results
showed good binding mode in the active site of PARP1 enzyme. In silico ADME properties of synthesized compounds
were also studied and showed good drug-like properties.
Determination of Solute-Solute and Solute-Solvent Interaction of Pyrimidine-5-Carbonitrile in Aqueous DMSO at 298.15 K
Authors: Aher Jayraj S. , Kardel Anant V. , Lokhande Dnyneshawar D. , Gaware Manoj R. , Bhagare Arun M. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
In this reported work, we have used 80 % aqueous dimethyl sulphoxide
(DMSO) for density and viscosity measurement of pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile at 298.15
K. The obtained experimental results show that as concentration increases density and viscosity
increases. From the results of density and viscosity, we have found apparent molar
volume, limiting apparent molar volume, semi-empirical parameters, Falkenhagen coefficients
and Jones Dole coefficients.

Method:
The apparent molar volume and limiting apparent molar volume having negative values indicated electostrictive
solvation of ions and weak or absence of ion solvent interactions respectively.

Result & Discussion :
Falkenhagen coefficients are independent of concentration and possess
positive values that shows strong solute-solute interactions. Jones-Dole coefficient with
negative value shows weak solute-solvent interactions. The strong solute-solute interactions
were present in A-1 as compared to A-2 compound because of the high electronegativity of
oxygen atom. These parameters provides information about the type of the molecular interactions
such as solute-solute, solute-solvent and solvent-solvent.

Conclusion:
We have reported density and viscosity study of 4-amino-2-hydroxy-6-
phenylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile and 4-amino-2-mercapto-6-phenylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile
in 80 % aqueous DMSO solution at 298.15 K. A stronger molecular association is
observed in A-2 than A-1 shown by negative values of Øv.