bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADN Recrystallization and Microencapsulation with HTPB by Simple Coacervation
Authors: de Oliveira Silva Jessica , Cardoso Kamila Pereira , Campos Silva Josiane Ribeiro , Kawachi Elizabete Yoshie , Nagamachi Márcio Yuji , de Araujo Ferrão Luiz Fernando 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAmmonium dinitramide (ADN) has been considered the potential substitute for ammonium perchlorate in solid green propellants. However, it has also some drawbacks due to its high hygroscopicity and chemical incompatibility with some of the components present in composite propellant formulations. On the other hand, ADN melts at temperatures below degradation, which makes emulsion crystallization an important method to prepare spherical ADN particles that benefit both propellant slurry processing and casting. Spherical ADN particles were prepared by emulsion crystallization to be used for the microencapsulation studies, and whose method was assessed to better understand which parameters may affect the ADN particles formation. Microencapsulation protects ADN particles as it addresses hygroscopicity besides the given protection from chemical incompatibility. Polyurethane made of hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene was selected as a coating material because of its common use in propellants as a binder. Also, the good performance of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate as a curing agent was such that it was used in the whole study. The number of layers and the processing time played important roles in the formation of the capsule as seen in the impermeability tests. Besides, drying at 50 °C for 168 h showed to be even more beneficial on average for the capsule protective property. Chemical compatibility between the capsule and ADN was confirmed at 60 °C which allows it to be used as a protective coating. However, the obtained average coating thickness of ten microns has to be reduced yet with more efficient protective coating materials.
Complex index assessment of operator's reliability in the control room
Authors: Stojiljkovic Evica , Bijelic Bojan , Haznadarevic Lutvo , Savic Suzana , Grozdanovic Miroljub 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOperator's reliability in control room (CR) is largely influenced by the design of CR elements (control desk, display panel), compliance between the operator and these elements and influence of work environment on operator's work. Therefore, the methodological approach described in this paper was based on multidisciplinary research of human factors (operator's information processing task, motoric and logical task, human error, monotony, overload, stress); workplace (adjustment of workplace to anthropometrical and physiological characteristics of the operator), and indoor environment factors (illumination, brightness, noise level, air temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity). By using results of this research, we determined the values and positions of indicators of operator's reliability in the CR for monitoring and control of soybean oil hexane extraction process in Bioprotein factory. These indicators are then ranked by importance using the paired comparison method. Finally, a complex index of operator's reliability was determined. The index represents the degree of operator's suitability for the performance of a specific task. This research determines quantitative parameters for evaluating the reliability of operator's activities in CR. Those parameters could be used to detect omissions in operator's activities influenced by inadequate ergonomic design of CR elements and negative impacts of a CR environment.
Increase of γ‐Fe2O3/CNT composite quantum capacitance by structural design for performance optimization of electrode materials
Authors: Shunaev Vladislav V. , Ushakov Arseni V. , Glukhova Olga E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPerformance optimization of electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries is one the most important scientific problems. In this paper, we suggest structural design of γ‐Fe2O3/CNT composite for increase of its quantum capacitance that is required by modern energy storage devices capable of quick transfer or accumulation of energy and ensuring long‐term autonomous operation. For this goal, we investigate the specific quantum capacitance of the γ‐Fe2O3/CNT composites with a different content of maghemite by quantum chemical methods. The content of maghemite is varied by length of CNTs as well as by number of γ‐Fe2O3 unit cell the weight ratio equals 13.71%, 20.74%, 26.69%, and 34.30%. It is found that the quantum capacitance grows with increasing maghemite concentration. Calculations show that the value of QC at the Fermi level for γ‐Fe2O3/CNT is correlated with the theoretical specific capacity of the material. Proposed in this work approach to calculating the quantum capacitance with further analysis of its dependence on voltage can be an effective tool for optimizing the content of the composite with the aim of balancing the Faradaic and non‐Faradaic component of its functional activity.
Eclectic flavor groups
Authors: Nilles Hans Peter , Ramos-Sánchez Saúl , Vaudrevange Patrick K. S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The simultaneous study of top-down and bottom-up approaches to modular flavor symmetry leads necessarily to the concept of eclectic flavor groups. These are non-trivial products of modular and traditional flavor symmetries that exhibit the phenomenon of local flavor enhancement in moduli space. We develop methods to determine the eclectic flavor groups that can be consistently associated with a given traditional flavor symmetry. Applying these methods to a large family of prominent traditional flavor symmetries, we try to identify potential candidates for realistic eclectic flavor groups and show that they are relatively rare. Model building with finite modular flavor symmetries thus appears to be much more restrictive than previously thought.
Prediction of survival in patients with IDH-wildtype astrocytic gliomas using dynamic O-(2-[18F]-fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine PET
Authors: Bauer Elena K. , Stoffels Gabriele , Blau Tobias , Reifenberger Guido , Felsberg Jörg , Werner Jan M. , Lohmann Philipp , Rosen Jurij , Ceccon Garry , Tscherpel Caroline , Rapp Marion , Sabel Michael , Filss Christian P. , Shah Nadim J. , Neumaier Bernd , Fink Gereon R. , Langen Karl-Josef , Galldiks Norbert 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Integrated histomolecular diagnostics of gliomas according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of 2016 has refined diagnostic accuracy and prediction of prognosis. This study aimed at exploring the prognostic value of dynamic O-(2-[18F]-fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine (FET) PET in newly diagnosed, histomolecularly classified astrocytic gliomas of WHO grades III or IV.

Methods
Before initiation of treatment, dynamic FET PET imaging was performed in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) and anaplastic astrocytoma (AA). Static FET PET parameters such as maximum and mean tumour/brain ratios (TBRmax/mean), the metabolic tumour volume (MTV) as well as the dynamic FET PET parameters time-to-peak (TTP) and slope, were obtained. The predictive ability of FET PET parameters was evaluated concerning the progression-free and overall survival (PFS, OS). Using ROC analyses, threshold values for FET PET parameters were obtained. Subsequently, univariate Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression survival analyses were performed to assess the predictive power of these parameters for survival.

Results
Sixty patients (45 GBM and 15 AA patients) of two university centres were retrospectively identified. Patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant or O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter-methylated tumours had a significantly longer PFS and OS (both P < 0.001). Furthermore, ROC analysis of IDH-wildtype glioma patients (n = 45) revealed that a TTP > 25 min (AUC, 0.90; sensitivity, 90%; specificity, 87%; P < 0.001) was highly prognostic for longer PFS (13 vs. 7 months; P = 0.005) and OS (29 vs. 12 months; P < 0.001). In contrast, at a lower level of significance, TBRmax, TBRmean, and MTV were only prognostic for longer OS (P = 0.004, P = 0.038, and P = 0.048, respectively). Besides complete resection and a methylated MGMT promoter, TTP remained significant in multivariate survival analysis (all P ≤ 0.02), indicating an independent predictor for OS.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that dynamic FET PET allows the identification of patients with longer OS among patients with newly diagnosed IDH-wildtype GBM and AA.
Drag Reduction and Energy Saving by Spanwise Traveling Transversal Surface Waves for Flat Plate Flow
Authors: Albers Marian , Meysonnat Pascal S. , Fernex Daniel , Semaan Richard , Noack Bernd R. , Schröder Wolfgang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWall-resolved large-eddy simulations are performed to study the impact of spanwise traveling transversal surface waves in zero-pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer flow.
Eighty variations of wavelength, period, and amplitude of the space- and time-dependent sinusoidal wall motion are considered for a boundary layer at a momentum thickness based Reynolds number of $${\rm Re}_\theta = 1000$$Reθ=1000. The results show a strong decrease of friction drag of up to $$26\%$$26% and considerable net power saving of up to $$10\%$$10%. However, the highest net power saving does not occur at the maximum drag reduction. The drag reduction is modeled as a function of the actuation parameters by support vector regression using the LES data.
A dependence of the spanwise pressure drag on the wavelength is found. A substantial attenuation of the near-wall turbulence intensity and especially a weakening of the near-wall velocity streaks are observed. Similarities between the current actuation technique and the method of a spanwise oscillating wall without any normal surface deflection are reported. In particular, the generation of a directional spanwise oscillating Stokes layer is found to be related to skin-friction reduction.
Error estimates for the finite element approximation of bilinear boundary control problems
Authors: Winkler Max 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article a special class of nonlinear optimal control problems involving a bilinear term in the boundary condition is studied. These kind of problems arise for instance in the identification of an unknown space-dependent Robin coefficient from a given measurement of the state, or when the Robin coefficient can be controlled in order to reach a desired state. Necessary and sufficient optimality conditions are derived and several discretization approaches for the numerical solution of the optimal control problem are investigated. Considered are both a full discretization and the postprocessing approach meaning that we compute an improved control by a pointwise evaluation of the first-order optimality condition. For both approaches finite element error estimates are shown and the validity of these results is confirmed by numerical experiments.
Evaluating the Role of Autistic Traits, Social Anxiety, and Social Network Changes During Transition to First Year of University in Typically Developing Students and Students on the Autism Spectrum
Authors: Lei Jiedi , Brosnan Mark , Ashwin Chris , Russell Ailsa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis is the first longitudinal study to quantitatively evaluate changes in social network structure (SNS) and perceived social support (PSS) amongst first-year students on the autism spectrum (n = 21) and typically developing (TD; n = 182) students transitioning to university. The relative impact of changes in SNS/PSS, students’ social anxiety and autistic traits, on first-year university transition outcomes were also examined. Both groups gained friends over time who provided better support quantity and quality during first year of university. Social anxiety showed long-term differential negative impact on students on the autism spectrum and TD students’ academic, social and personal/emotional adjustments, and institutional attachment, suggesting stakeholders should focus on delivering interventions to reduce social anxiety to improve university transition outcomes.
A Fair Governance: On Inequality, Power and Democracy
Authors: Barucca Paolo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCan governments keep the pace of global markets? It is a defining characteristic of the present times, tested and measured within multiple studies, that we are living in an increasingly interconnected economy in which giant companies emerge and compete presenting new goods and products at a global scale. The competing environment of international markets produces quickly growing creatures that old nation-states struggle to understand, monitor and, consequently, regulate. In this regard, the selection process taking place in the market seems to be far more effective and greedy than the selection process we apply to our governments. In this paper I discuss the basic theoretical mechanisms for the persistence of wealth concentration, introducing a general game-theoretical framework to connect governance, market economy, and wealth distribution, and to rethink democracy and fairness in policy-making, especially with the aim of global sustainability governance.
IS “RACE” MODERN?
Authors: Hochman Adam 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRace theorists have been unable to reach a consensus regarding the basic historical question, “is ‘race’ modern?” I argue that this is partly because the question itself is ambiguous. There is not really one question that race scholars are answering, but at least six. First, is theconcept of racemodern? Second, is there a modern concept of race that isdistinct from earlier race concepts? Third, are“races” themselvesmodern? Fourth, areracialized groupsmodern? Fifth, are themeans and methods associated with racializationmodern? And sixth, are themeanings attached to racialized traitsmodern? Because these questions have different answers, the debate about the historical origins of “race” cannot be resolved unless they are distinguished. I will explain the ways in which “race” is and is not modern by answering these questions, thereby offering a resolution to a seemingly intractable problem.
A Spatially Explicit, Empirical Estimate of Tree‐Based Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Forests of the United States
Authors: Staccone Anika , Liao Wenying , Perakis Steven , Compton Jana , Clark Christopher M. , Menge Duncan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractQuantifying human impacts on the nitrogen (N) cycle and investigating natural ecosystem N cycling depend on the magnitude of inputs from natural biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Here, we present two bottom‐up approaches to quantify tree‐based symbiotic BNF based on forest inventory data across the coterminous United States and SE Alaska. For all major N‐fixing tree genera, we quantify BNF inputs using (1) ecosystem N accretion rates (kg N ha−1yr−1) scaled with spatial data on tree abundance and (2) percent of N derived from fixation (%Ndfa) scaled with tree N demand (from tree growth rates and stoichiometry). We estimate that trees fix 0.30–0.88 Tg N yr−1across the study area (1.4–3.4 kg N ha−1yr−1). Tree‐based N fixation displays distinct spatial variation that is dominated by two genera,Robinia(64% of tree‐associated BNF) andAlnus(24%). The third most important genus,Prosopis, accounted for 5%. Compared to published estimates of other N fluxes, tree‐associated BNF accounted for 0.59 Tg N yr−1, similar to asymbiotic (0.37 Tg N yr−1) and understory symbiotic BNF (0.48 Tg N yr−1), while N deposition contributed 1.68 Tg N yr−1and rock weathering 0.37 Tg N yr−1. Overall, our results reveal previously uncharacterized spatial patterns in tree BNF that can inform large‐scale N assessments and serve as a model for improving tree‐based BNF estimates worldwide. This updated, lower BNF estimate indicates a greater ratio of anthropogenic to natural N inputs, suggesting an even greater human impact on the N cycle.
Sensitivity of the Latitude of the Westerly Jet Stream to Climate Forcing
Authors: Chen Gang , Zhang Pengfei , Lu Jian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe latitude of the westerly jet stream is influenced by a variety of climate forcings, but their effects on the jet latitude often manifest as a tug of war between tropical forcing (e.g., tropical upper‐tropospheric warming) and polar forcing (e.g., Antarctic stratospheric cooling or Arctic amplification). Here we present a unified forcing‐feedback framework relating different climate forcings to their forced jet changes, in which the interactions between the westerly jet and synoptic eddies are synthesized by a zonal advection feedback, analogous to the feedback framework for assessing climate sensitivity. This framework is supported by a prototype feedback analysis in the atmospheric dynamical core of a climate model with diverse thermal and mechanical forcings. Our analysis indicates that the latitude of a westerly jet is most sensitive to the climate change‐induced jet speed changes near the tropopause. The equatorward jet shift also displays a larger deviation from linearity than the poleward counterpart.
SAMI3 Simulations of Ionospheric Metallic Layers at Arecibo
Authors: Krall J. , Huba J. D. , Nossa E. , Aponte N. , Drob D. P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Naval Research Laboratory Sami3 is Also a Model of the Ionosphere (SAMI3) ionosphere/plasmasphere code is used to examine the physics of metallic layers at altitudes from 80 to 160 km. Results are presented near the simulated location of the Arecibo observatory (18°N, 66°W). We find that simulations, using winds from the empirical horizontal wind model, produce layers consistent with those observed at Arecibo. Specifically, we find upper semidiurnal and lower diurnal traces similar to those identified in previous observational surveys. While metallic layers are shaped by meridional winds, zonal winds, and electric fields, much of the observed structure is produced if only meridional wind forces are included in the model. Stratification below 110 km, where the ions are very weakly magnetized, is supported mainly by meridional wind shear.
Implementation of U.K. Earth System Models for CMIP6
Authors: Sellar Alistair A. , Walton Jeremy , Jones Colin G. , Wood Richard , Abraham Nathan Luke , Andrejczuk Miroslaw , Andrews Martin B. , Andrews Timothy , Archibald Alex T. , de Mora Lee , Dyson Harold , Elkington Mark , Ellis Richard , Florek Piotr , Good Peter , Gohar Laila , Haddad Stephen , Hardiman Steven C. , Hogan Emma , Iwi Alan , Jones Christopher D. , Johnson Ben , Kelley Douglas I. , Kettleborough Jamie , Knight Jeff R. , Köhler Marcus O. , Kuhlbrodt Till , Liddicoat Spencer , Linova‐Pavlova Irina , Mizielinski Matthew S. , Morgenstern Olaf , Mulcahy Jane , Neininger Erica , O'Connor Fiona M. , Petrie Ruth , Ridley Jeff , Rioual Jean‐Christophe , Roberts Malcolm , Robertson Eddy , Rumbold Steven , Seddon Jon , Shepherd Harry , Shim Sungbo , Stephens Ag , Teixiera Joao C. , Tang Yongming , Williams Jonny , Wiltshire Andy , Griffiths Paul T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe describe the scientific and technical implementation of two models for a core set of experiments contributing to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The models used are the physical atmosphere‐land‐ocean‐sea ice model HadGEM3‐GC3.1 and the Earth system model UKESM1 which adds a carbon‐nitrogen cycle and atmospheric chemistry to HadGEM3‐GC3.1. The model results are constrained by the external boundary conditions (forcing data) and initial conditions. We outline the scientific rationale and assumptions made in specifying these. Notable details of the implementation include an ozone redistribution scheme for prescribed ozone simulations (HadGEM3‐GC3.1) to avoid inconsistencies with the model's thermal tropopause, and land use change in dynamic vegetation simulations (UKESM1) whose influence will be subject to potential biases in the simulation of background natural vegetation. We discuss the implications of these decisions for interpretation of the simulation results. These simulations are expensive in terms of human and CPU resources and will underpin many further experiments; we describe some of the technical steps taken to ensure their scientific robustness and reproducibility.
The ACSL3-LPIAT1 signaling drives prostaglandin synthesis in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Saliakoura Maria , Reynoso-Moreno Inés , Pozzato Chiara , Rossi Sebastiano Matteo , Galié Mirco , Gertsch Jürg , Konstantinidou Georgia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEnhanced prostaglandin production promotes the development and progression of cancer. Prostaglandins are generated from arachidonic acid (AA) by the action of cyclooxygenase (COX) isoenzymes. However, how cancer cells are able to maintain an elevated supply of AA for prostaglandin production remains unclear. Here, by using lung cancer cell lines and clinically relevant KrasG12D-driven mouse models, we show that the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL3) channels AA into phosphatidylinositols to provide the lysophosphatidylinositol-acyltransferase 1 (LPIAT1) with a pool of AA to sustain high prostaglandin synthesis. LPIAT1 knockdown suppresses proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of lung cancer cell lines, and hinders in vivo tumorigenesis. In primary human lung tumors, the expression ofLPIAT1is elevated compared with healthy tissue, and predicts poor patient survival. This study uncovers the ACSL3-LPIAT1 axis as a requirement for the sustained prostaglandin synthesis in lung cancer with potential therapeutic value.
Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) and the neuro-ophthalmologic effects of microgravity: a review and an update
Authors: Lee Andrew G. , Mader Thomas H. , Gibson C. Robert , Tarver William , Rabiei Pejman , Riascos Roy F. , Galdamez Laura A. , Brunstetter Tyson 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProlonged microgravity exposure during long-duration spaceflight (LDSF) produces unusual physiologic and pathologic neuro-ophthalmic findings in astronauts. These microgravity associated findings collectively define the “Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome” (SANS). We compare and contrast prior published work on SANS by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Space Medicine Operations Division with retrospective and prospective studies from other research groups. In this manuscript, we update and review the clinical manifestations of SANS including: unilateral and bilateral optic disc edema, globe flattening, choroidal and retinal folds, hyperopic refractive error shifts, and focal areas of ischemic retina (i.e., cotton wool spots). We also discuss the knowledge gaps for in-flight and terrestrial human research including potential countermeasures for future study. We recommend that NASA and its research partners continue to study SANS in preparation for future longer duration manned space missions.