bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Housing Context and Social Networks Among Lower Income Older Adults
Authors: Webster Noah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Housing context among lower income older adults plays an important role in shaping access to resources and ultimately well-being. We know very little about how housing influences access to social resources. This study examines the association between housing context (multi-unit vs. free-standing homes) and network structure among a U.S. nationally representative sample of independent living, lower income (&lt;$15,000 in past year) adults age 65+ from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (N=1,795). Regression analyses indicate the housing-networks link is moderated by martial/partner status and gender. Among those married/living with a partner, living in multi-unit buildings (compared to free-standing homes) is associated with larger networks (i.e., more people to talk with about important things). Among women, living in multi-unit buildings was associated with more friends and neighbors in one’s network. Findings highlight variation in access to social resources across housing contexts. Findings should inform policy aimed at reducing social isolation.
Something Old, Something New: The Modernization of the Older Americans Act
Authors: Bangerter Lauren , Prusaczyk Beth , Kaskie Brian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Older Americans Act (OAA) is the foremost federal law focused on the wellbeing of aging adults in the US. Since its conception 1965, the OAA has sought to optimize the lives of aging Americans, with emphasis on low-income adults, through programs that promote nutrition, transportation, support caregivers, offer employment, and combat elder abuse. This symposium will explore the modernization of the 2020 OAA, which was last reauthorized in 2016. Presentations 1 and 2 will focus on important updates to the definitions used throughout OAA (Title I). Presentation 3 will cover several noteworthy changes to improving grants for states and community programs on aging’s (Title II). Presentation 4 will provide additional context to amendments made to modernize activities for health, independence, and longevity (Title III) prioritize senior Community Service Employment Programs (Title IV) and enhance grants for Native Americans (Title V). Presentation 5 explores the modernizing allotments for vulnerable elder rights protection activities and other programs (Title IV) included changes in funding and home and community-based best practices and elder justice activities. Collectively, these presentations will provide an overview of the key changes in the reauthorization of the OAA. This work will allow GSA attendees to understand the specific efforts to modernization this critical legislation to better serve the aging US population.
Title 1 Changes: Bringing the Older Americans Act Definitions to 2020
Authors: Eagen Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This session will review the changes to Title I of the Reauthorization of the Older Americans Act. This title provides important updates and modernization to the definitions used throughout the Older Americans Act. Some definitions were modified such as adding the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, chronic pain management, and screening for suicide risk to evidence-based health promotion programs under the definition of disease prevention and health promotion services. Other changes include services to provide screening for fall-related injuries, services that are responses to public health emergencies, and services to prevent and address negative health effects associated with social isolation. Title I also includes a series of important including access to person-centered services and coordinating services provided by aging and disability resource centers. Several other changes to Title I will be discussed.
Positive Attributes of Aging and Connections to Health: Evidence From the National Poll on Healthy Aging
Authors: Solway Erica , Allen Julie Ober , Kirch Matthias , Singer Dianne , Kullgren Jeffrey , Malani Preeti 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study explored the prevalence of positive attributes of aging among older adults in a nationally representative sample age 50-80 ((N=2,048, 52% female, 71% White). Nearly 70% of older adults reported that people sought their guidance because of their wisdom and experience. Older adults reported that, as they have gotten older, they have become more comfortable with themselves (88%), have a strong sense of purpose (80%), feel more positively about aging (67%), and have found their life to be better than they had thought it would be (65%). Over half (52%) of those who said their lives were better than they thought reported very good or excellent physical health. Among those who disagreed, only one out of four (25%) reported very good/excellent physical health; similar results were found for mental health (48% vs. 22%). This session will describe positive attributes of aging and their association to physical and mental health.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Care Receipt at Older Ages: A Comparative European Study
Authors: Floridi Ginevra , Carrino Ludovico , Glaser Karen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study is among the first to investigate whether and how socioeconomic inequalities in the receipt of formal and/or informal care by disabled older adults vary across long-term care (LTC) systems. We link data from the SHARE survey with LTC system indicators for 136 regions in 12 European countries in 2015. Using multinomial multilevel models with cross-level interactions, we test whether and how income and wealth gradients in the receipt of only informal, only formal, and mixed care vary with the number of beds in residential LTC facilities across regions. We find pro-rich inequalities in the receipt of formal and mixed care only in regions with low or intermediate numbers of LTC beds, and no inequalities in regions with greater availability of residential beds. Our findings suggest that the presence of extensive formal LTC services may lead to a fairer distribution of formal and mixed care use across socioeconomic groups.
Policy Series: The Older Americans Act Reauthorization: Major Successes and Shortcomings
Authors: Lindberg Brian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This session provides an update on the2020 Older Americans Act (OAA) reauthorization process and passage of the new law “Supporting Older Americans Act of2020.” Presenters will provide insights on both the content of the new law and the process that led to the bicameral, bipartisan legislation. Speakers will include representatives of the aging network and other stakeholders, who will discuss key changes to the OAA and how they may be implemented over the next five years.
Age-Friendly Care, PA: A Collaborative for Age- and Dementia-Friendly Care
Authors: Husser Erica , Fick Donna , Hupcey Judith , Knecht Fredo Jenny 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Penn State College of Nursing (including the Center for Geriatric Nursing Excellence [CGNE] and Center for Nursing Research [CNR]) has partnered with the Primary Health Network (PHN) to work collaboratively toward implementing the 4Ms framework of an Age-Friendly Health System at PHN’s primary care sites in Pennsylvania. PHN is the largest FQHC in the state and spans 16 counties in PA and 2 in Ohio. Twenty of PHN’s PA primary care sites are in rural counties, and both rural and urban sites serve older adult populations with major health disparities. Connecting primary care practices with local community resources and programs is an important step in serving rural populations, and we have used the ECHO model to help facilitate connections. This session will focus on how we are using the ECHO model to engage our partners in a collaborative learning environment.
Using Subjective and Objective Measures of Financial Situation to Improve Program Outcomes for Older Adults
Authors: Ortiz Hector , Mutchler Jan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Researchers in the field of aging rely on various measures of financial security to assess the needs of older adults and the outcomes of interventions. Recently, subjective measures have gained attention among researchers and organizations that serve older adults. This symposium brings together researchers from academia, government, and the non-profit sector to discuss the relationship between subjective financial well-being and objective financial situation. The first project describes the relationship between the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s Financial Well-being Score and the Elder Index. The CFPB Financial Well-Being Score provides a standardized and validated measure of a person’s sense of financial security and freedom in the present and future. The Elder Index provides a measure of older adults’ income against the average income needed for adults age 65 or older to live independently in their communities. The second project discusses the findings of a study into the changes in outcomes among older adults assisted through the National Council on Aging’s Benefits Enrollments Centers. The third project describes the overall findings and changes in financial well-being among SCSEP participants who attended a series of financial education workshops offered through the Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging’s subsidiary Empowering and Strengthening Ohio’s People. Together, the studies show that both measures are, on average, strongly correlated and predictive of a range of factual experiences such as material hardship and financial stress. The studies, however, show that subjective measures may help identify and target underlying behavioral and attitudinal factors that influence people’s satisfaction with their economic situation.
New Computational Approaches to Aging Research
Authors: Levine Morgan E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Aging is associated with numerous changes at all levels of biological organization. Harnessing this information to develop measures that accurately and reliably quantify the biological aging process will require systems biology approaches. This talk will illustrate how epigenetic data can be integrated with cellular, physiological, proteomic, and clinical data to model age-related changes that propagate up the levels—finally manifesting as age-related disease or death. I will also describe how network modeling and machine learning approaches (linear and non-linear) can be used to identify causal features in aging from which to generate novel biomarkers. Given the complexity of the biological aging process, modeling of systems dynamics over time will both lead to the development of better biomarkers of aging, and also inform our conceptualization of how alterations at the molecular level propagate up levels of organization to eventually influence morbidity and mortality risk.
Sex-Dimorphism in Aging Gene Regulation: Are We Missing Half of the Picture?
Authors: Benayoun Bérénice , Lu Ryan , Sampathkumar Nirmal , Kim Min Hoo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The existence of human supercentenarians reveals a surprising predictor for exceptional longevity: being female. Not only are 33 out of 34 living supercentenarians women, women are also more resistant to most diseases responsible for age-related morbidity in the US. However, because most molecular aging studies generally opt to use only one sex, sex-driven differences in aging remain poorly understood. A key compartment that can actively respond to sex-specific inputs throughout life is the immune system. Indeed, the majority of age-related diseases share common inflammatory mechanisms, a phenomenon described as “inflamm-aging”. Macrophages play an important role in the inflammatory response throughout life, and are considered major mediators of this phenomenon. Thus, to unbiasedly dissect sex differences in immune aging, we generated ‘omics’ data from 4 and 20 months old female and male mice. Intriguingly, we found that transcriptional aging in primary macrophage populations varies strongly between sexes, with up to 20-fold more aging changes in female vs. male cells. Pathways specifically downregulated in females with aging included lysosome, inflammation and phagolysosome. We confirmed experimentally that metabolic preferences of macrophages are indeed directly modulated in this context (e.g. glycolytic preference for male-derived cells). Our results support the notion that there are functional differences in aging trajectories in the immune system of female vs. male mice. Our research could provide new insights into the molecular underpinnings of sex-dimorphism in aging and disease.
Using C. elegans to Find Genes, Mechanisms, and Drugs to Slow Cognitive Decline
Authors: Murphy Coleen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cognitive decline is one of the most important losses of human quality of life with age. To find new treatments that might slow these declines, it is useful to have short-lived, rapidly aging models in which to identify possible treatments. We found that C. elegans also lose their ability to learn and remember with age, along with other neuronal functions (axon regeneration, motility, etc.), and these declines are staved off by reduction in the insulin signaling pathway, which also extends lifespan. Both the mechanisms that regulate neuronal functions and the mechanisms that slow decline are well conserved evolutionarily, suggesting that we can use worms to identify new genes and compounds that might slow decline. Additionally, we have developed new C. elegans models of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, and through genetic, genomic, and metabolic studies we have found new approaches that may slow these declines.
Modulation of the Aging Drosophila Brain and Susceptibility to Neurodegeneration
Authors: Bonini Nancy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Human neurodegenerative diseases, like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia, are late-onset progressive neurodegenerative disorders for which few cures or treatments are available. To develop new insight, we have been using the model organism Drosophila. We can re-create disease-associated protein toxicity in the fly brain, and then take advantage of the powerful molecular genetic approaches to define pathways and mechanisms. The fly is allowing us to reveal mechanistic understanding that we can then extend to the human condition. These studies have highlighted multiple novel pathways involved in longterm integrity of the brain. Among these processes, we have defined epigenetic pathways critical for longterm brain health. These pathways typically converge on stress pathway players, highlighting that boosting the ability of the nervous system to combat stress may help promote healthful brain aging and resistance to degenerative disease pathways.
Linking Epigenetics, Metabolism and Cancer: Lessons From SIRT6
Authors: Mostoslavsky Raul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent years, chromatin regulators have emerged as key modulators in cancer. We discovered that the mammalian histone deacetylase SIRT6 is a key chromatin factor, modulating expression of metabolic, developmental, and ribosomal protein genes. In recent studies, we identified a loss of function mutation in SIRT6 behind a human syndrome of perinatal lethality. In the context of cancer, we found SIRT6 to act as a robust tumor suppressor, by modulating glucose metabolism. As Otto Warburg described decades ago, cancer cells exhibit glycolytic metabolism, where pyruvate, instead of contributing to ATP production in the mitochondria, is converted to lactate even under normoxia conditions. We found SIRT6 as the first chromatin factor in charge of suppressing the Warburg effect in colon and skin cancer. At the cellular level, SIRT6 inactivation leads to increased cellular glucose uptake, higher lactate production and decreased mitochondrial activity. Our results indicate that SIRT6 directly regulates expression of several key glycolytic and ribosomal genes, co-repressing Hif1a and Myc, respectively, and acting as a histone H3 lysine9 (H3K9) and lysine 56 (H3K56) deacetylase. Notably, we recently identified SIRT6 as the first deacetylase to specifically inhibit transcriptional elongation, rather than initiation, in its targets. Strikingly, we determined in new studies that such glycolytic switch provides an advantage even at the early initiating cancer stem cells stage, in what we identified as the cell-of-origin for the Warburg effect. In addition, we found SIRT6 to act as a robust tumor suppressor in the context of pancreatic cancer. However, in this case, SIRT6 did not influence metabolism, but rather silenced expression of the developmental gene Lin28b, in this way protecting against aggressive undifferentiated pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Our studies highlight the important role epigenetic factors, such as SIRT6, play in protecting against tumor progression by providing “epigenetic plasticity”, inhibiting adaptive responses in transformed cells.
Novel Roles for the Sirtuin Deacylase SIRT5 in Normal Physiology and in Cancer
Authors: Lombard David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent deacylases that regulate diverse cellular processes such as metabolic homeostasis and genomic integrity. Mammals possess seven sirtuin family members, SIRT1-SIRT7, that display diverse subcellular localization patterns, catalytic activities, protein targets, and biological functions. Three sirtuins, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5, are primarily located in the mitochondrial matrix. SIRT5 is a very inefficient deacetylase, instead removing negatively charged post-translational modifications (succinyl, glutaryl, and malonyl groups) from lysines of its target proteins, in mitochondria and throughout the cell. SIRT5 plays only modest known roles in normal physiology, with its major functions occurring in the heart under stress conditions. In contrast, in specific cancer types, including melanoma, we have identified a major pro-survival role for SIRT5. We have traced this function of SIRT5 to novel roles for this protein in regulating chromatin biology. New insights into mechanisms of SIRT5 action in cancer, and in normal myocardium, will be discussed.
Supporting the Transition From Hospital to Home for Older Adults: Case Study Results
Authors: Weeks Lori , Barber Brittany , MacDougall Eileigh Storey , Moody Elaine , Steeves-Dorey Lexi , Warner Grace , Macdonald Marilyn , Misener Ruth Martin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is often during transitions between health services that many issues arise for older adults, such as care that is poorly coordinated, additional burden placed on family and friend caregivers, and inappropriate placement in nursing homes. The Home Again program delivered by the provincial health authority in Nova Scotia, Canada, provides transitional care through providing additional support beyond what is normally provided through home care services to help older adults transition home after a hospital admission. The purpose of this research was to identify what factors contribute to older adults being placed unnecessarily in a nursing home when they could receive care through the Home Again program. Through using a retrospective multiple case study design, we analyzed interviews for five cases including older adult patients, their family or friend caregivers, and healthcare professionals in each case. Results indicate all hospitalized patients experienced a major health event or rapidly declining health. All family and friend caregivers experienced burnout and frustration from the lack of sufficient home care supports and quality of services available, such as services provided throughout the night. Healthcare professionals discussed that patients were placed on a waiting list for nursing homes due to lack of home care supports and resources for caregivers. This study contributes to our knowledge about better processes to ensure that hospitalized older adults are not unnecessarily admitted to nursing homes which can result in reduced healthcare costs and improved delivery and quality of care to older adults and their family and friend caregivers.
Development of the African Killifish as a New Model to Study Aging and Suspended animation
Authors: Brunet Anne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We have pioneered a new model organism for aging research, the naturally short-lived African killifish Nothobranchius furzeri. The African killifish lives in ephemeral pools of water in Africa, and has evolved a short life cycle adapted to this habitat. Its embryos can also resist drought until the next wet season in a state of ‘suspended life’. In laboratory conditions, the African killifish has a maximal lifespan of about 4-6 months, and is, so far, the shortest-lived vertebrate that can be bred in captivity. We have successfully transformed this natural short-lived vertebrate into a usable model organism for aging research, including de novo assembly of the genome and CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome-editing. Our goal is to use this model to discover new principles underlying aging, longevity, and ‘suspended animation’ in vertebrates.
3D Team Care Management Trial: Study Design Features and Participant Characteristics
Authors: Fortinsky Richard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This clinical trial was designed in partnership with a Medicare Advantage (MA) plan, with the goal of comparing two care management approaches for its MA policyholders age &gt;65 living with cognitive vulnerability. To test the efficacy of the 3D Team, we are using a randomized design, with the comparison group receiving telephonic care management currently offered to MA members. In this presentation, detailed aspects of the study design, characteristics of the study population, and patterns of 3D team referrals will be explained. To date, 390 older adults and 306 informal caregivers are enrolled in the trial toward a recruitment goal of 576 older adults and 380 caregivers. Among older adults, 40% have depression only, 23% have dementia only, and the rest have more than one of these conditions and/or delirium. Most common referrals by 3D Team nurse practitioners are to the community health educator and to physical and occupational therapy.
Advancing Alzheimer’s Disease Care and Services Among Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Authors: Smith Lenora , Thorpe Roland 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Research shows consistent and adverse disparities among racial and ethnic minorities compared to non-Hispanic Whites in the prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer’s disease, mortality, participation in clinical trials, use of medications and other interventions, health care expenditures, and quality-of-life outcomes. The literature suggests numerous underlying causes, including factors related to measurement of the disease, genetics, socioeconomic factors, cultural differences, lack of culturally competent interventions, and discrimination in services and care. Although these disparities are well known, little is known about the effectiveness of various strategies to address these differences within the context of Alzheimer’s disease services and care. This symposium aims to contribute to this knowledge. The first presentation examines the role of race with marital status and risk for dementia using data from the Health and Retirement Study. Results suggest differences for unmarried White and unmarried older adults of color, which can inform dementia care services. The second presentation highlights the opportunities and challenges of facilitating cognitive impairment screenings among African American congregations. The third presentation introduces attitudes about brain donation among African American research participants and suggestions to increase involvement. The symposium concludes with a presentation on hearing care disparities in dementia with practical recommendations on how to close this gap in hearing care. The findings from these papers contribute significantly to the impact of ethnoracial differences in dementia and the need to include more diverse populations in ADRD research to promote equity. Alzheimer’s Disease Research Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.