bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease with Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Disorders
Authors: Shanmugapriya S. , Saravanan A. , Shuruthi S. , Dharsini J. Suriya , Saravanan T. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is commonly associated with impaired quality of life. Chronic symptoms in this highly prevalent disorder could potentially lead to psychological manifestations such as anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders.

Aim:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the magnitude of association of GERD symptoms based on health-related quality of life (GERD-HRQL) with anxiety, depression, and sleep quality using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study done at a tertiary care hospital in 241 participants. Cases were patients diagnosed with GERD, and the control group was participants who did not have GERD, devoid of all gastrointestinal symptoms according to GERD-HRQL. Data on age, gender, body weight, smoking/alcohol intake, and medication history were obtained from 98 cases and 143 matched control subjects. The three questionnaires, namely, GERD-HRQL, HADS, and PSQI questionnaires were administered by a trained blinded interviewer.

Results:
There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) in the mean score of cases in the HADS depression scale (7.35 ± 3.65); the HADS anxiety scale (9.33 ± 4.51) and the mean global PSQI sleep score (4.62 ± 1.96) compared to the controls. Using Pearson's correlation, heart burn (P = 0.036), and regurgitation scores (P = 0.026), including the global quality of life score (P = 0.003), correlated significantly with the anxiety score. We found a statistically significant correlation between heart burn and poor sleep (P = 0.012) but not for regurgitation (P = 0.772).

Conclusions:
This study highlights the increased risk of anxiety, depression, sleep disorder in GERD, and the significant correlation between HRQL, especially heartburn with anxiety and poor sleep quality. This enlightens that specific screening and treatment strategies targeting such psychological manifestations are imperative for overall improved quality of life in GERD patients.
Evaluation of the Management of Urolithiasis with Clinical Study
Authors: Mukesh Chande  , Jaydeep M Gadhavi  
Published: July 2020

Background: Urolithiasis encompasses both renal and ureteric stones. It is estimated that up to 5% of the world population is affected by this disease and the lifetime risk of getting urinary stone is 8-15%. The aim of this study is to look for epidemiological patterns in the disease distribution, understand the causative factors of the disease and assess the existing surgical modalities of treatment of this disease. Subjects and Methods: In the present study 68 cases of Urolithiasis fulfilling the study parameters were admitted and subsequently operated in Medical College and Research Hospital. Results: 65% of the patients were between age group 18-40. The most common site of urinary calculus was lower 1/3ureter followed by lower pole kidney. Diet, fluid intake, diabetes and obesity were significant predisposing factors for urolithiasis. PCNL was the treatment of choice for renal calculus while ECSWL was treatment of choice in upper ureteric calculi and ureteroscopy for lower ureteric calculi. Conclusion: For renal calculi, PCNL is the best treatment modality as of now, but it is associated with greater post-operative morbidity. For stone less than 1cm size, ECSWL is a good alternative to PCNL, but has poor clearance rate and thus greater need for auxiliary procedure. For ureteric calculi, both ECSWL and ureteroscopy have given good results but ECSWL is better tolerated by the patients.
A Study on Raised Serum LDH Level in Acute Intestinal Obstruction – A Marker of Bowel Gangrene
Authors: Anantha Kumar Nateson  , Suresh Nayak Basavanayak  , Sudarsan Srikanth  
Published: July 2020

Background: Bowel gangrene is a major abdominal catastrophe associated with high mortality rate. Intestinal obstruction accounts for 20% of all surgical emergencies around the world. The present study aims to estimate the LDH levels in patients with acute intestinal obstruction and correlate with bowel viability. Subjects and Methods: In this study, the estimation of serum LDH was conducted in 45 cases of acute intestinal obstruction who were admitted in surgical wards. After fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria the study subjects were recruited. All the cases were thoroughly examined. Time of presentation and onset of symptoms were noted. Under aseptic conditions, 3 ml venous blood samples were collected from the study subjects, centrifuged at 3000 rpm and separated serum sample was used for the estimation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the estimated value of serum LDH is compared with the viability of the bowel intra operatively. Results: The total number of patients presented with obstruction is 45 out of which 25 were found to have elevated LDH which is about 55.56%. Out of 25 patients presented with elevated LDH, 20 patients found to have gangrenous bowel. 60% presented with abdominal pain and 40% had irreducible swelling. Most commonly associated symptoms are vomiting (84%) followed by abdominal distension (40%), obstipation (36%), pyrexia (24%), blood in stools (8%) and diarrhoea (4%). Per rectal examination showed 76% had normal faecal staining, 12% blood stained faeces and 8% empty. Complications observed were anastomotic leak 8%, wound infection 16%, wound gaping 8%, burst abdomen 8%. Conclusion: The present study results indicate that ischemic changes in any part of the bowel can cause elevation in the serum levels of LDH and a higher value of >1000 IU/L strongly indicates an underlying gangrenous change. It is a less invasive, cost effective and easily available diagnostic tool to diagnose bowel ischemia/gangrene. Hence it is more useful in centres where the diagnostic facilities are limited.
Comparison of Multifactor Vs Independent Marker in Predicting Severity of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Vijaykumar C Bada  
Published: July 2020

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory process with a highly variable clinical course. This study was conducted to compare the multifactor vs independent marker in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis. Subjects and Methods: The present study comprised of 50 patients of acute pancreatitis. In all patients, reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), PMN-Elastase (PMN-E), Procalcitonin (PCT), RANSON”s score, GLASGOW score, APACHE-II score, APACHE-O score and Balthazar’s CTSI score was recorded. Results: There were 45 males and 5 females in the study. There were 12 (22.64%) obese patients in this study. The age of the patients was a significant indicator to discriminate or predict patients with mild or severe pancreatitis. With an AUROC of 0.6004, it was found that age was a poor predictor of the severity of acute pancreatitis. Obesity of the patients was a significant indicator to discriminate or predict patients with mild or severe pancreatitis. With an AUROC of 0.6004, it was found that age is a poor predictor of the severity of acute pancreatitis. Organ failure at admission is more likely to reflect severe cases, it is found to be a poor predictor of severity in acute pancreatitis. The mean CTSI score in the study was 3.57 (SD 2.64), with a median of 2 and ranged from 1 to 10. It was higher in severe pancreatitis and a CTSI score of >=3 was significantly associated with patients with acute pancreatitis by bivariate analysis. Conclusion: The authors found that overall, CRP was the best predictor, followed by IL-6, CTSI score, PCT, Glasgow, Ranson’s and APACHE-II. PMN-Elastase, Age, obesity and organ failure at admission are poor predictors of severity of acute pancreatitis.
ANALISIS INTERNAL CONTROL ATAS PENERIMAAN PENDAPATAN PREMI ASURANSI PADA PT. ASURANSI BINA GRIYA UPAKARA MAKASSAR
Authors: Tawakkal Ujianti 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk berusaha mencari dan menemukan penjelasan mengenai sistem dan prosedur akuntansi dalam hubungannya dengan internal kontrol perusahaan terhadap penerimaan pendapatan premi asuransi dan untuk menambah pengetahuan bagi penulis dalam bidang sistem internal control penerimaan dan pendapatan premi asuransi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Analisis komperatif yang menggambarkan internal control atas penerimaan premi asuransi pada PT. Asuransi Binagriya Upakara di Makassar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PT. Asuransi Binagriya Upakara adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang usaha perasuransian dengan mengadakan penutupan asuransi jiwa dan premi merupakan sumber utama pendapatan perusahaan. Dengan semakin berkembangnya perusahaan ini, maka semakin luas pula ruang lingkup yang diawasi oleh pimpinan perusahaan, sehingga penerapan internal control atas prosedur-prosedur yang telah ditetapkan sangat diperlukan. Struktur organisasi disertai dengan penetapan tugas, wewenang dan tanggung jawab yang jelas merupakan salah satu unsur internal control. Premi sebagai sumber utama pendapatan perusahaan, maka kebenaran perhitungan premi asuransi jiwa merupakan dasar pokok penerapan sistem internal kontrol dari pada prosedur-prosedur penerimaan pendapatan premi selanjutnya. maka untuk memenuhi hal ini sangat diperlukan pengecekan atas kebenaran perhitungan premi, baik pada bagian yang membuat kwitansi penagihan maupun bagian lainnya.
Sociological Implications on Safety of Journalism as a Profession in Nigeria
Authors: Muyideen Ogunmefun Folorunsho , Akeem Raheem Olalekan 
Published: July 2020

All over the world, Journalists are known as the fourth realm of the Estate charged with the responsibility of disseminating information to the societal members. Despite the contribution of the noble profession towards nation building, large number of journalist in the past and recent time in Nigeria faces series of challenges ranging from kidnapping, assault, harassment, torture, arbitrary detention, murder, imprisoned at the virtue of saving the nation. The gravity and magnitude of the prevalence insecurity in the profession has gotten to a state of psychological trauma and lost of interest for the profession. Several publications were reviewed; Anomie (Robert Merton) and Situational Crime Prevention (Ronald Clarke) theories were adopted. Qualitative method and purposive sampling technique was adopted in conducting in-depth interviews among 10 public members and 25 journalists from 4 media print Organisations, 3 radio stations and 2 television stations in Nigeria, In Nigeria journalist are faced with numerous insecurity issues and there is an urgent need to readdress the issues to save the nation from retrogressive development. Several recommendations are stated to safe the profession( a) the struggle for the survival of the profession should not be left alone to either the Government or the journalists it should be collectively addressed by all, More so, proactive methods, deterrence measures target hardening, access and facilitators control needs to be in placed to tackle the menace
Religion, Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction: Expediters or Hindrances for Global Peace
Authors: Awada Ghada 
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the study was to examine the validity of the argument indicating that the religious nature of the terrorist groups accounts for the increase in the violence of terrorist acts today. The study also intended to explore the relationship between terrorism and religion and to address whether or not there has been interrelatedness between religion and terrorism. Another purpose was to explore the scope of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) and to examine how religion was exploited to disseminate terrorism and eradicate global peace and how the possession of WMD could influence global peace. The study employed a meta-analysis of literature which pointed out the significance of religion and the controversy as to whether or not religion triggered terrorist violence. Incidents such as 9/11, the 2005 London underground attack, Paris attack, and 2019 attack in New Zealand were analyzed to serve the purposes of the study. The findings showed the main triggers and incentives behind the terrorist attacks waged in the name of religion. Overall, the findings of the study emphasized the influence of religion on terrorism, and vice versa. The study rendered conclusions that delved into infamous attacks and recognized terrorism as caused by religion or perceptions fogged by media and stereotypes.
Effect of Ginger and Cinnamon on the Proximate Composition and Sensory Properties of Corn Ogi
Authors: Emelike N. J. T. , Ujong A. E. , Achinewhu S. C. 
Published: July 2020

Objective: Ogi is a fermented cereal gruel produced from maize, sorghum or millet. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of ginger and cinnamon on the proximate composition and sensory properties of corn ogi.
Methodology: Ogi slurry was prepared from corn and fortified with 5% ginger, 5% cinnamon, 5% ginger: 5% cinnamon and 2.5% ginger: 2.5% cinnamon spices and 100% corn ogi as control. The samples were analyzed for proximate composition and sensory properties using standard methods.
Results: The results obtained from this study indicated that there was an increase in the moisture, ash, protein and fat contents of corn ogi spiced with ginger and cinnamon and a decrease in carbohydrate content. These increases were observed to be significant (p<0.05) with corn ogi samples spiced with ginger than for cinnamon except for crude fiber which was higher in ogi spiced with cinnamon. Moisture content of the ogi samples ranged from 8.53-9.79%, crude protein 5.13-6.37%, ash 0.19-0.30%, crude fiber 0.29-0.81%, carbohydrate 78.93-81.64% and energy contents 387.77-391.98 kcal. The inclusion of cinnamon and ginger had no significant (p<0.05) effect on the sensory properties of the unsweetened spiced ogi samples. Mean scores obtained for unsweetened ogi samples were low. Upon sweetening with sugar, these scores were increased for all sensory attributes. Sensory evaluation of sweetened ogi samples showed that the control sample was more preferred for all sensory attributes and this was followed closely by sample ogi spiced with 5% ginger.
Conclusion: This study recommends the use of ginger at 5% for the fortification of corn ogi which will result in ogi with sensory properties similar to 100% corn ogi. It also showed the potential of fortifying corn ogi with ginger and cinnamon, either singly or as a blend, to enhance the nutritional quality of corn ogi.
Determinants of Anemia, Diabetes and Hypertension among Urinary Tract Infected Pregnant Women Attending in a Selected Hospital, Kathmandu
Authors: Thakur Shikha , Nagpal Komal Lata 
Published: July 2020

Aims: Urinary tract infection (UTI) occurs in all age groups, more common in women due to short urethra and its close proximity to anus and vagina. UTI is defined as “microscopic finding of >10 pus cells/high power field (40x) in urine”. The purpose of the study is to find the risk factor associated with pregnancy and the different non-communicable diseases (Anemia, Diabetes and hypertension) of UTI.
Study Design: A cross-sectional comparative study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out under the supervision of OPJS University and field study was carried out in Kathmandu, Nepal from March 2019 to October 2019.
Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study was done among UTI pregnant 510 women aged 18 years to 45 years. A convenient sampling technique was used. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect the data. Descriptive statistics along with unadjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) and a P < 0.05 was considered significant for data analysis.
Results: Anemia, diabetes and hypertension among UTI infected pregnant women was 62.7, 32.9 and 30.2 respectively. There were significant associations between educational status, ethnicity, age and occupation of UTI infected pregnant women with anemia, diabetes and hypertension. Similarly, there was a significant association between gestational period, gestational age at the beginning of prenatal care, the gender of the infant, history of delivery and Anemia, diabetes and hypertension.
Conclusions: Based on the findings the study concluded that, anemia, diabetes and hypertension remain a prevalent problem of UTI infected pregnant women.
Rabies in Eswatini: What are the Issues and Challenges?
Authors: Dlamini B. N. , Mdluli S. , Mudyanavana C. , Chikuni N. E. , Masarirambi M. T. 
Published: July 2020

National efforts to control canine rabies have encountered some challenges, hence the disease is becoming endemic in Eswatini. The purpose of this study was to establish the extent to which resources and other relevant constraints may have an impact on implementing the national rabies programms in the country. In this study retrospective data going as far back as 1999 to 2018 was used to highlight the rabies situation in the country. The available insight into the existing and previous control measures may become useful guidelines for designing and implementing future control strategies.
The major challenges identified were issues of vaccine and vaccination, government fiscal challenges, High birth rate of stray dogs were responsible for the rabies virus circulation in the domestic environment, provision of diagnostic facilities for testing of vaccine efficacy, vaccine quality, healthy dog carriers, check for vaccination antibody titres.
Observations from this study were that the continuing efforts of the competent authority to spearhead the rabies control programms were acceptable and commendable considering the challenges encountered. A few recommendations are outlined for possible consideration as a contribution towards the rabies disease elimination.
Effect of Backgrinding Tape Lamination on Die Alignment
Authors: Bacquian Bryan Christian , Gomez Frederick Ray 
Published: July 2020

The continuing growth and development on semiconductor package miniaturization have become a particular interest and focus semiconductor industry. The importance of thinner packages also demands a thinner vertical structure of the integrated circuit (IC) design with silicon die or the wafer playing essential role in package thinning. As the wafer goes thinner, problems may occur in the wafer preparation or pre-assembly. With the introduction of new wafer preparation technologies such as dicing before grinding and laser die attach film (DAF) cut, technical challenges were inevitable. The paper focused on the effect of backgrinding tape lamination on die alignment. Tensionless lamination helped eliminate the horizontal pressure applied into the tape thus mitigating the die mis-alignment problem. For future works, the configuration could be applied on wafers with similar technology and/or application.
Neurohistological Study of the Interactive Influence of Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Sida acuta and Rauvolfia vomitoria on the Hippocampus of Albino Rats
Authors: Okon Kingsley A. , Bassey Enobong I. , Edet Iboro E. , Samuel Grace U. 
Published: July 2020

Aim: To provide information on the interactive influence of Sida acuta and Rauvolfia vomitoria on the hippocampus of albino rats using neurohistological parameter.
Methods: Thirty-five (35) female adult albino rats were used for the experiment. They were randomly divided into seven groups of five animals in each group. Group 1: The control group was given feed and water ad libitum for 28 days. Groups 2-7 served as the experimental groups. Group 2: Received 200 mg/kg body weight of Sida acuta leaf extract for 14 days. Group 3: Received 212.5 mg/kg body weight of Rauvolfia vomitoria leaf extract for 14 days. Group 4: Received 200 mg/kg body weight of Sida acuta and 212.5 mg/kg body weight of Rauvolfia vomitoria leaf extract for 14 days. Group 5: Received 200 mg/kg body weight of Sida acuta leaf extract for 14 days, then 212.5 mg/kg body weight of Rauvolfia vomitoria for the remaining 14 days. Group 6: Received 400 mg/kg body weight of Sida acuta leaf extract for 14 days, then 425 mg/kg body weight of Rauvolfia vomitoria for the remaining 14 days. Group 7: Received 600 mg/kg body weight of Sida acuta leaf extract for 14 days, then 850 mg/kg body weight of Rauvolfia vomitoria for the remaining 14 days.
Results: Sida acuta at the tested dose of 200 mg/kg body weight induced degeneration of pyramidal cells when compared to the control, Rauvolfia vomitoria at the tested dose of 212.5 kg/mg body weight exhibited neuroprotective effect, co-administration of both Sida acuta at 200 mg/kg body weight and Rauvolfia vomitoria at 212.5 mg/kg body weight and administration of Rauvolfia vomitoria after Sida acuta at increasing doses significantly reverse these changes to near normal when compared to the group that received 200 mg/kg body weight of Sida acuta for 14 days.
Conclusion: Rauvolfia vomitoria had the potential of ameliorating the neurodegenerative effect caused by the Sida acuta leaf extract on the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus albino rats.
Investigating the effects of exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on job burnout syndrome and the severity of depression; the role of oxidative stress
Authors: Bagheri Hosseinabadi Majid , Khanjani Narges , Ebrahimi Mohammad Hossein , Mousavi Seyed Habib , Nazarkhani Fereshteh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This study was designed to investigate the possible effect of exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on occupational burnout syndrome and the severity of depression experienced among thermal power plant workers and the role of oxidative stress.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 115 power plant workers and 124 administrative personnel of a hospital were enrolled as exposed and unexposed groups, respectively, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (Cat), and total antioxidant capacity were measured in serum samples. Exposure to electric and magnetic fields was measured using the IEEE Std C95.3.1 standard at each workstation. The burnout syndrome and the severity of depression were assessed using the Maslach Burnout and Beck Depression Inventory.

Results
The levels of MDA and SOD were significantly lower in the exposed group than the unexposed group. The exposed group reported a higher prevalence of burnout syndrome and higher depression severity. Multiple linear regression showed that work experience, MDA level, and levels of exposure to magnetic fields are the most important predictor variables for burnout syndrome and severity of depression. In addition, a decrease in the level of Cat was significantly associated with increased burnout syndrome.

Conclusion
The thermal power plant workers exposed to ELF-EMFs are at risk of burnout syndrome and depression. These effects may be caused directly by exposure to magnetic fields or indirectly due to increased oxidative stress indices.