bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NF‐κB/Relish readjusts miR‐100 expression and recovers immune homeostasis in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Yao Xiaolong , Lin Lu , Ye Zifeng , Huo Miaomiao , Jin Ping , Ma Fei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe regulation and maintenance of immune homeostasis are essential for animal survival, but the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we used the model organism Drosophila melanogaster to uncover a potential mechanism by which the nuclear factor‐κB transcription factor Relish and miR‐100 cooperatively regulate innate immune homeostasis. We first demonstrated in vitro and in vivo that miR‐100 can negatively regulate the immune responses of the Imd pathway by inhibiting the expression of TAK1‐associated binding protein 2 (Tab2) gene. Second, we found that Relish, an important transcription factor in the Drosophila Imd pathway, could not only modulate the expressions of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to promote immune responses, but also bind to the promoter region of miR‐100 and activate its transcription to inhibit immune responses. Third, the dynamic expression of genes profiling indicated that the Relish/miR‐100/Tab2 regulatory axis could contribute to innate immune homeostasis in Drosophila. Together, our findings reveal the dual role of Relish in immune regulation, that is, Relish promotes the expression of AMPs to resist pathogen infection in the early immune response, while in the late immune stages, Relish readjusts the expression of miR‐100 to negatively control immune responses to avoid excessive immunity thus maintaining immunohomeostasis. Meanwhile, our study provides a new perspective for further understanding the complex regulatory mechanism of immune homeostasis in animals.
To analyze the efficacy and safety of plasma exchange in the treatment of anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis
Authors: Li Jing , Huang Binghai , Lao Qifang , Zou Longtao , Xie Kaiqing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionTo investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of plasma exchange (PE) in the treatment of glucocorticoid‐insensitive patients with serum anti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (anti‐NMDA) receptor antibody‐negative and serum anti‐NMDA receptor antibody‐positive encephalitis.MethodsThe clinical data of 20 patients with anti‐NMDA receptor antibody encephalitis treated between January 2015 and December 2022 were collected. The general information, clinical symptoms, auxiliary examination, treatment (hormone, PE, etc.), adverse reactions, clinical efficacy, and other related data were retrospectively compared and analyzed.ResultsA total of 8 cases had adverse reactions (9.76%, 8/82), including 4 cases (4.88%, 4/82) of allergy and 2 cases (2.44%,2/82) of thrombocytopenia. In patients with anti‐NMDA receptor antibody encephalitis who were not sensitive to glucocorticoids, the effective rate of PE was 80.0% (p = 0.0005).ConclusionPE combined with glucocorticoid is more effective than glucocorticoid alone in the treatment of anti‐NMDA receptor antibody encephalitis patients with positive or negative anti‐NMDA receptor antibodies. Most adverse reactions were mild and easy to manage. It does not cause obvious blood cell loss. PE is a safe and acceptable treatment. However, our study has limitations, and due to the small number of people and the fact that plasmapheresis was performed after glucocorticoid therapy, further prospective clinical studies are warranted.
Effects of Livestock Grazing on Spatiotemporal Interactions Between Snow Leopards and Ungulate Prey
Authors: Xu Kai , Xiao Wenhong , Hu Dazhi , Holyoak Marcel , Ji Chengpeng , Zhang Juntao , Ma Duifang , Xiao Zhishu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSpatiotemporal interactions between predators and prey are central to maintaining sustainable functioning ecosystems and community stability. For wild ungulates and their predators, livestock grazing is an important anthropogenic disturbance causing population declines and modifying their interactions over time and space. However, it is poorly understood how fine‐scale grazing affects the spatiotemporal responses of predators, prey, and their interactions. Two opposing hypotheses describe a dichotomy of possible effects. The human shield hypothesis states that people can protect prey because predators avoid areas with high human‐induced mortality risk, whereas in the human competitor hypothesis, humans compete for prey and negatively impact predators through reduced prey availability. We used camera‐trapping data from the Gansu Qilianshan National Nature Reserve in Northwest China to measure occupancy, daily activity patterns, and spatiotemporal interactions between snow leopards (Panthera uncia), the dominant predator, and their ungulate prey in areas with contrasting grazing intensities. The results of grazing were consistent with both the human‐shield and human‐competitor hypotheses, affecting spatiotemporal patterns and interactions of predators and prey. For the primary prey species, blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur), their spatial and temporal patterns were affected by grazing, which led to a reduction in interaction frequencies with snow leopards. For secondary prey, grazing led to reduced interaction frequencies with snow leopards for white‐lipped deer (Przewalskium albirostris) and red deer (Cervus yarkandensis), but increased frequencies for alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster). Our results indicate how both competition among livestock and prey and predator or prey avoidance of grazed areas can impact populations and predator–prey interactions. Our findings are relevant to grazing management and snow leopard conservation.
Optimal allocation of resources between control and surveillance for complex eradication scenarios
Authors: Parsa Mahdi , Ramsey David , Barnes Belinda 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

To ensure the success of complex invasive‐species eradication programs across large areas, efficient and effective resource allocation is crucial. This study incorporates analytical Bayesian solutions and measures of uncertainty into a framework of progressive management to guide optimal resource allocation between control (mop‐ups) and surveillance programs.

Shannon entropy is used to quantify uncertainty, accounting for often highly skewed and bimodal distributions, and the expected value of perfect information (EVPI) is incorporated to assess the potential benefits of reducing uncertainty in key model parameters.

Results demonstrate that strategies that hedge against uncertainty can improve the robustness of management outcomes substantially with only marginal increases in expected costs, and EVPI analysis identifies conditions under which investment into control or surveillance becomes worthwhile.

By systematically integrating uncertainty measures into the decision‐making process, this study provides a framework that leads to more reliable outcomes from eradication programs implemented progressively over large areas.
Ten practical guidelines for microclimate research in terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: De Frenne Pieter , Beugnon Rémy , Klinges David , Lenoir Jonathan , Niittynen Pekka , Pincebourde Sylvain , Senior Rebecca A. , Aalto Juha , Chytrý Kryštof , Gillingham Phillipa K. , Greiser Caroline , Gril Eva , Haesen Stef , Kearney Michael , Kopecký Martin , le Roux Peter C. , Luoto Miska , Maclean Ilya , Man Matěj , Penczykowski Rachel , van den Brink Liesbeth , Van de Vondel Stijn , De Pauw Karen , Lembrechts Jonas J. , Kemppinen Julia , Van Meerbeek Koenraad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Most biodiversity dynamics and ecosystem processes on land take place in microclimates that are decoupled from the climate as measured by standardised weather stations in open, unshaded locations. As a result, microclimate monitoring is increasingly being integrated in many studies in ecology and evolution.

Overviews of the protocols and measurement methods related to microclimate are needed, especially for those starting in the field and to achieve more generality and standardisation in microclimate studies.

Here, we present 10 practical guidelines for ground‐based research of terrestrial microclimates, covering methods and best practices from initial conceptualisation of the study to data analyses.

Our guidelines encompass the significance of microclimates; the specifics of what, where, when and how to measure them; the design of microclimate studies; and the optimal approaches for analysing and sharing data for future use and collaborations. The paper is structured as a chronological guide, leading the reader through each step necessary to conduct a comprehensive microclimate study. At the end, we also discuss further research avenues and development in this field.

With these 10 guidelines for microclimate monitoring, we hope to stimulate and advance microclimate research in ecology and evolution, especially under the pressing need to account for buffering or amplifying abilities of contrasting microhabitats in the context of global climate change.
Stress and coping in Australian male farmers
Authors: Mitten Michele Anne , Molenberghs Pascal 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionFarmers face high levels of stress, often related to unique farming industry stressors. Coping strategies in dealing with stress, can be less (avoidant) or more (approach) effective. No previous research has investigated coping strategies across a range of farming‐specific stressors.ObjectiveTo determine levels of stress in various categories and the relationship between these stressors and coping strategies used.DesignCross‐sectional survey, using self‐report questionnaire. Independent variables included five stressor categories, and two types of coping.ParticipantsOne hundred and twenty‐five rural male farmers, over 18 years of age, across Australia.Main Outcome MeasuresDemographic data were collected in addition to responses regarding stress and coping. The Australian Family Farming Stressor Scale, comprising five stressor categories, measured the stressors unique to Australian farming. The Brief COPE (B‐COPE) measured approach and avoidant coping strategies.ResultsA total of 125 responses to the survey were analysed, with ages ranging from 19 to 84. While varying levels of stress were found in all stressor categories, Daily Stressors rated highest, followed by Financial Stressors. Higher levels of avoidant coping were utilised for Family Stressors, whereas higher levels of approach coping were utilised for farm‐related stressors.ConclusionsFindings indicate that the rating of stressors may be determined by current affairs, such as Daily Stressors rating highest. This could be due to the lack of available workforce during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Furthermore, coping strategy findings could better inform clinical practice in assisting farmers in utilising their approach coping skills across all stressors.
Baseline characteristics of patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy in Australia: analysis from the MYelopathy NAtural History registry
Authors: Najib Nashwa , Yataganbaba Alper , Briggs Nancy E. , Ghahreman Ali , Mobbs Ralph , Rao Prashant J. , Hansen Mitchell , Davies Mark , Kohan Saeed , Kulkarni Vinay , Sial Alisha , Ambikaipalan Anuruthran , Diwan Ashish D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundDegenerative Cervical Myelopathy (DCM) is the most common cause of non‐traumatic, chronic spinal cord dysfunction worldwide, causing debilitating disability with a diminishing quality of life. The natural history of DCM is poorly understood. This is a preliminary report of the first 60 patients recruited to the MYelopathy NAtural History (MYNAH) Registry.MethodsMYNAH Registry is an investigator‐initiated, multicenter, prospective, non‐interventional, longitudinal, national observational study (Registry ID ACSQHC‐ARCR‐258). Given the observational nature of the Registry, participants' clinical management plan is neither changed nor affected. Participants are recruited via an opt‐in approach. A patient with DCM diagnosed by a spine/neurosurgeon after 1st January 2018 onwards is eligible to participate regardless of their surgical status. The Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are NDI, EQ5D5L and EQ‐VAS; and the Practitioner‐Reported Outcome Measures (PrROMs) are mJOA Score and Nurick Grade.ResultsSixty participants (n = 60) have now been recruited of which male participants 34 (56.7%) and females are 26 (43.3%), with a mean age of 62.3 years (SD 14.1) and biospecimens for Proteomics have been collected from 33 (66%) participants. The median mJOA Score was 16.5 (8–18), with myelopathy severity recorded as mild in 42 (70%), moderate in 13 (21.7%) and severe in 5 (8.3%) participants. Median Nurick Grade 0 (0–5), NDI 14 (0–45), EQ5D5L Score 0.850 (−0.288–1) and EQ‐VAS 70 (10–96).ConclusionsThe MYNAH National DCM Registry in Australia is a novel spinal surgical initiative, that will inform the decision(s) to proceed with the scientific, evidence‐based and personalised management of DCM globally in the future.
Cheers to tomorrow? Alcohol use predicts poorer mood and well‐being the next day in young adults
Authors: Gawn Jenna , Cooper Jack R. H. , Fletcher Benjamin D. , Conner Tamlin S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlcohol use is embedded within university culture. While the consequences of alcohol use on next‐day physical health are well‐known, less is known about the consequences to next‐day emotional health. This study investigated the relationship between alcohol use and next‐day mood and well‐being using two daily diary studies with New Zealand university students. Participants completed a daily diary for 13 days (Study 1, n = 1114; 30.6% men, Mage = 19.6) or 7 days (Study 2, n = 212; 24.5% men, Mage = 19.4) where they reported previous night's alcohol consumption and sleep quality, along with today's mood and well‐being. Night‐time alcohol consumption was categorised into low‐risk (women 1–4 drinks, men 1–5 drinks), medium‐risk (women 5–9 drinks, men 6–11 drinks) and high‐risk (women 10+ drinks, men 12+ drinks) according to New Zealand public health guidelines. Across both studies, medium‐ and especially high‐risk drinking, but not low‐risk drinking, was associated with lower next‐day positive mood and well‐being compared to nondrinking days. Poorer sleep quality partially accounted for the relationship of drinking with next‐day mood and well‐being in Study 1, but less so in Study 2. Findings suggest that interventions could promote lower risk drinking behaviours to benefit students' well‐being.
Failed schemes of relatedness in domestic work: Filipina domestic workers in Greece
Authors: Topali Pinelopi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article examines the development of Filipina domestic workers' ideas regarding their work, as well as the relational models of work they apply in Greek households during their stay in the country over time. These models are produced in the context of an ambivalent legal environment, are constructed in relation to models applied by employers and are informed by Filipino ideas concerning reciprocity and the relational construction of power. Inside the Greek household and its hierarchical structures all these Filipino working models fail, confirming the resilience of the private/public split as Filipina domestic workers finally move from live‐in to live‐out work.
Aquatic Compared With Land‐Based Exercises on Gross Motor Function of Children/Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Pauluka Elton , Ceolin Luize Souto , Fontanela Laís Coan , dos Santos Adriana Neves 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimThis study aimed to compare gross motor function between aquatic‐ and land‐based exercises in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodsThe authors conducted an electronic search of nine databases from their inception to 21 November 2024 (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020194121). Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials involving aquatic‐based exercises for children and adolescents with CP, assessing gross motor function using standardized scales or tests. Three authors independently extracted data using a predetermined Excel form. The risk of bias was assessed with the PEDro scale. The body of evidence was synthesized using the GRADE approach. Meta‐analysis was conducted using the Revman 5.3 program.ResultsA total of 369 children aged 2–18 years from 15 studies were included. Most participants were ambulatory and classified as having spastic hemiparetic or diparetic CP. The majority of studies had a high risk of bias and small sample sizes. Aquatic‐based exercises were categorized as aquatic physical therapy, Halliwick, swimming exercises, gait training and exercises. Low‐quality evidence indicated that aquatic physical therapy resulted in higher gross motor function than land‐based exercises (SMD = 0.47, n = 93, 4 trials, I2 = 5%, p = 0.03), with a small effect size. No significant differences were found for Halliwick or swimming exercises.InterpretationThere is low‐quality evidence, because of high risk of bias, imprecision and inconsistency, suggesting that aquatic‐based exercises are comparable with land‐based exercises. Future research should focus on well‐designed interventions with adequate sample sizes to compare the combination of aquatic‐ and land‐based therapies with land‐based therapy alone.
Family Media Practices in a Post‐Pandemic Future: Conversations From a Transglobal Research Project
Authors: Coulter Natalie , García‐Gómez Diana Carolina , Healy Sarah , Jeong Hyeon‐Seong , Mauk Maureen , Sheppard Lindsay C. , Willett Rebekah , Zhao Xinyu ‘Andy’ 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article is co‐written by a team of researchers who worked together during the pandemic to conduct parallel research projects in their home countries, collectively referencing the project as Children, Media and Pandemic Parenting. Our article consists of a series of curated thought pieces, drawing on interviews with parents in Australia, Canada, China, Colombia, South Korea and the United States. The pieces consider how family media practices gained greater degrees of nuance during the pandemic through an examination of four interlinked themes: Screen time, creativity, schooling and regulation. We discuss how the intensified presence of digital technologies in domestic life was accompanied by an intensified sense of parental responsibility, creating undue pressure to make the ‘right’ decisions while often feeling ill‐equipped to do so. We argue that parents could be better supported to make considered choices about media practices in the home if responsibilities were more widely distributed to include the likes of cultural institutions and, where appropriate (e.g., in the instance of tech companies), regulated by Government. Ideally, this support would be accompanied by the development of a range of tools that are responsive to the complex and evolving needs of families.
Automated Segmentation of Graft Material in 1‐Stage Sinus Lift Based on Artificial Intelligence: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Xi Yue , Li Xiaoxia , Wang Zhikang , Shi Chuanji , Qin Xiaoru , Jiang Qifeng , Yang Guoli 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesAccurate assessment of postoperative bone graft material changes after the 1‐stage sinus lift is crucial for evaluating long‐term implant survival. However, traditional manual labeling and segmentation of cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images are often inaccurate and inefficient. This study aims to utilize artificial intelligence for automated segmentation of graft material in 1‐stage sinus lift procedures to enhance accuracy and efficiency.Materials and MethodsSwin‐UPerNet along with mainstream medical segmentation models, such as FCN, U‐Net, DeepLabV3, SegFormer, and UPerNet, were trained using a dataset of 120 CBCT scans. The models were tested on 30 CBCT scans to evaluate model performance based on metrics including the 95% Hausdorff distance, Intersection over Union (IoU), and Dice similarity coefficient. Additionally, processing times were also compared between automated segmentation and manual methods.ResultsSwin‐UPerNet outperformed other models in accuracy, achieving an accuracy rate of 0.84 and mean precision and IoU values of 0.8574 and 0.7373, respectively (p < 0.05). The time required for uploading and visualizing segmentation results with Swin‐UPerNet significantly decreased to 19.28 s from the average manual segmentation times of 1390 s (p < 0.001).ConclusionsSwin‐UPerNet exhibited high accuracy and efficiency in identifying and segmenting the three‐dimensional volume of bone graft material, indicating significant potential for evaluating the stability of bone graft material.
The Use of Long‐Term Monthly Basiliximab Infusions as Rescue Maintenance Immunosuppression in Pancreas Transplant Recipients
Authors: Chen Jeanne M. , Mangus Richard S. , Sharfuddin Asif A. , Powelson John A. , Yaqub Muhammad S. , Adebiyi Oluwafisayo O. , Jan Muhammad Y. , Lutz Andrew J. , Fridell Jonathan A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis single‐center retrospective study was designed to evaluate the use of basiliximab as an alternative rescue maintenance immunosuppression in situations where standard maintenance immunosuppression is not tolerated after a pancreas transplant. All pancreas transplants performed between January 11, 2006, and January 6, 2022, were reviewed. All recipients received rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) induction with tacrolimus + sirolimus maintenance for simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) and additional low‐dose mycophenolic acid for pancreas transplant alone (PTA). Basiliximab 40mg IV q 4 weeks was either added to or in replacement of adjunct immunosuppression in cases of medication intolerance. All recipients who received ≥3 months of basiliximab with ≥1 year follow‐up were included. 29/557 (5.2%) recipients (5 SPK and 24 PTA) were identified. Median time to switch was 13 months. When compared 1:2 to matched controls on standard immunosuppression, there was no difference in pancreas rejection, allograft loss, or mortality. Eleven recipients had 13 episodes of pancreas rejection at a median of 28 months post conversion. Eight pancreas allografts failed at a median of 28 months post conversion, and there were five deaths—all occurring in PTA, 4/5 occurring ≥1 year after discontinuation of basiliximab. Renal allograft rejection occurred in one SPK and there was one renal allograft loss. Five PTA developed renal failure. Ten remain on basiliximab (2/5 SPK, 8/24 PTA) at a median of 44 months with good pancreas and kidney function; 4 pts > 4 years. Basiliximab can be considered an alternative rescue maintenance strategy in pancreas transplant recipients who failed other conventional agents.
Communicating Through Sound in Museums: A Genre‐Based Framework
Authors: Cortez Alcina 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSound, often perceived as intangible, is now increasingly recognized as a tangible entity, sparking significant research interest. Museum practitioners and curators are particularly drawn to sound's interactional prospects, its expressive capabilities, and its ability to convey meaning, whether in representational, emotional, aesthetic/hedonistic, or sensorial terms. I initially proposed a typology that classifies multimodal museum practices centered on sound. This was the focal point of my article Museums as Sites for Displaying Sound Materials: A Five‐Use Framework (Cortez 2022), where I delineated five categories—each pinpointing a distinct area of practice. The present article introduces two revisions. Firstly, it expands this theoretical framework by introducing two additional categories. Secondly, it further solidifies the entire framework by adopting a genre‐based approach, inspired by Michael Halliday's functional grammar. My insights into each category are illustrated with real‐world‐examples from the 104 exhibitions I have visited, showcasing sound in various creative ways.