bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
M102. MEASURING PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES ASSOCIATED WITH SOCIAL STRESS IN A VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH CHILDHOOD TRAUMA IN EARLY SCHIZOPHRENIA - A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Du Plessis Stéfan , Mckenzie Michelle , Crockart Ivan , Kilian Sanja , Scheffler Frederika , Rosenstein David , Van den Heever David , Andreatta Marta , Pauli Paul , Emsley Robin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
In lower to middle income countries (LMIC), the influences of environmental stress on neurobiological processes involved in the development of schizophrenia is of great importance. High levels of stress may contribute to an increased burden of schizophrenia, including profound functional impairment and disability, decreased productivity, and even elevated mortality. Stress in Schizophrenia has been associated with behavioral disturbances such as maladaptive coping styles as well as well-established physiological abnormalities in sensorimotor gating in the form of abnormal startle responses. In turn, childhood trauma exposure is known to affect physiological stress responses. Indeed, we have found childhood trauma to be associated with both white matter and hippocampal changes in schizophrenia. Few studies, however, have explored the relationship between Childhood trauma and stress responses in schizophrenia. In recent years Virtual Reality (VR) has undergone a resurgence as a viable method for studying fear related physiological stress responses in an ecologically valid manner. Here we aim to investigate the potential relationship between abnormal physiological stress responses in schizophrenia with early life adversity.

Methods
Physiological response data were collected while participants completed a VR paradigm based on the Trier stress test, a well-established social stressor that reliably elicits a stress response in participants in VR and HPA axis attenuation in schizophrenia. Data were also collected in a fear of heights environment, not associated with abnormalities in schizophrenia. Childhood trauma was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). HPA axis stress responses during the course of the task were assessed using saliva cortisol samples collected at key points during the paradigms.

Results
Preliminary data of both the social anxiety and fear of heights scenario will be presented. We will focus specifically on the viability of using VR in a LMIC context.

Discussion
VR could prove to be a cost-effective tool to explore the relationship between childhood trauma, stress sensitivity and schizophrenia.
M223. EXPLORING YOUR PERSONAL IDENTITY: USING USER-CENTRED-DESIGN FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW INTERVENTION FOR SERVICE USERS WITH COMPLEX MENTAL HEALTH NEEDS
Authors: Van der Meer Lisette , Jonker Tessa , Wunderink Charlotte , van Weeghel Jaap , Pijnenborg Marieke (Gerdina) , van Setten Ellie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Introduction: As a human being we give meaning to our stories, in relation to the social and physical context. For people with severe and complex mental health needs, who have been dependent on (intensive) residential psychiatric support for a long time, it is possible that talents and qualities disappear because this part of their identity has been buried under a long psychiatric history. This can result in people’s identity becoming limited to ‘patient’, and the experience of life as meaningless.

Objectives
For these service-users, few interventions aimed at personal recovery are available that match their cognitive and communicative skills. In this project, we developed a new psychosocial intervention to stimulate self-reflection and personal recovery.

Methods
The development of the intervention took place through a “user-centred-design process” (UCD). UCD is an iterative design process in which the needs and wishes of the user are the starting point, and they remain central in the product design circle. Throughout the whole design process, service users, significant others, mental health professionals, peer support workers, artists, and researchers collaborate in order to design a first testable prototype. For each step of design process, we organized focus group meetings and brainstorm sessions with all stakeholders as well as individual interviews with service users. Based on the input in these meetings and interviews, the design was adapted. This was done for each consecutive step, which made the whole design process iterative by nature.

Results
A new psychosocial intervention entitled “This Is Me” was developed as a “journey of discovery” through the lives of service users at both verbal and non-verbal levels. From the UCD process four basic principles underlying the intervention were disentangled that have been incorporated in the intervention: 1) “gaining new experiences”, 2) “attention for (self)stigma”, 3) “equal treatment as a person”, 4) “uniqueness of the individual”. This resulted in an intervention in which service-users, together with a teammate, engage in new experiences. Moreover, they are prompted to reflect on these experiences upon their return. With this process, we aim to support people in (re)discovering roles, talents and characteristics to broaden the identity from ‘patienthood’ to ‘personhood’.

Discussion
Conclusions: UCD was a useful method for the development of a new psychosocial intervention targeting identity for people with complex mental health needs. The process resulted into new knowledge about factors that are important in the (re)development of identity. In addition, we will present the first results of a pilot study in which we assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of the intervention.
M234. QUALITY OF LIFE IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: THE IMPACT OF RESIDUAL SYMPTOMS AND INTERNALIZED STIGMA
Authors: Hofer Alex , Frajo-Apor Beatrice , Kemmler Georg , Pardeller Silvia , Post Fabienne 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Quality of life (QOL) is seen as a key outcome variable in schizophrenia. Factors deemed relevant in this context include the severity of symptoms and internalized Stigma.

Methods
Patients with schizophrenia (ICD-10) between the ages of 18 and 65 from outpatient mental health services were included into a cross-sectional study. Apart from the registration of demographic data, various rating scales were used: the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) Scale, and the German version of the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile, the Berliner Lebensqualitätsprofil (BELP).

Results
80 patients (47 males, 33 females) with a mean age of 43.0 ± 10.9 years took part in this study. The mean PANSS total score was 71.1 ±25.4, the mean ISMI score was 61.1 ± 14.7 (range: 29–116), and the BELP subscale overall QoL showed a mean score of 4.73 ± 1.17 (range 1–7). Statistical analysis showed a moderate correlation between QoL and internalized stigma (r=-0.468, correlation with general life satisfaction) and a weak correlation with the PANSS total score (r=-0.246, correlation with general life satisfaction). Internalized stigma but not residual symptoms of the disorder negatively predicted QoL

Discussion
Our results highlight the complex nature of QoL in individuals suffering from schizophrenia and indicate that outpatients’ quality of life correlates moderately with internalized stigma, whereas residual symptoms of the disorder play a secondary role. Accordingly, psychotherapeutic approaches should be applied to reduce internalized stigma, and, ultimately, to improve quality of life.
M236. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE DIMENSIONALITY OF A ROMANIAN TRANSLATION OF THE SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY QUESTIONNAIRE AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH QUALITY OF LIFE, SELF-ESTEEM, AND LIFE SATISFACTION
Authors: Barron David , Vintila Mona , Swami Viren 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
While the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ; Raine, 1991) is an established measure of self-reported schizotypy, the higher-order structure of its ratings has continued to be debated in numerous translations. Here, we examined the psychometric properties of a Romanian translation of the SPQ and assessed associations with quality of life, self-esteem, and satisfaction with life.

Methods
In total, 711 university students (488 women, 223 men) from Romania completed a novel translation of the SPQ online alongside measures of quality of life, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. All participants indicated no immediate family history relating to psychosis.

Results
Using confirmatory factor analysis, we suggest that a 4-dimensional model of SPQ scores had better fit to these data than alternative 3- and 4-factor models. The 4-factor model also demonstrated partial measurement invariance across sex, although sex differences on domain scores were negligible (ηp2 = .01-.02). The 4 SPQ domains were significantly and negatively correlated with all additional measures of quality of life, self-esteem, and satisfaction with life. Further, in predicting scores on these additional measures, the Negative SPQ domain emerged as the strongest predictor, with Paranoid and Disorganised scores also significant predictors.

Discussion
Romanian SPQ scores demonstrated adequate construct and predictive validity vis-à-vis quality of life, satisfaction with life, and self-esteem. Importantly, our findings highlighted the benefit of a Paranoid factor within the SPQ dimensionality, which provides support for a 4-factor conceptualisation of SPQ scores in a hitherto neglected linguistic group.
M245. AN RCT PROTOCOL OF HYBRID-ECT FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Rong Han 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an rapid and effective treatment for schizophrenia patients, ECT may achieve significant antipsychotic effects in the several initial sessions, but significant side effects limit its use. However, our low-charge electrotherapy (LCE) pilot trial demonstrated antipsychotic effects with significantly fewer side effects. The aim of this trial is to propose a novel two-step charge set strategy for ECT treatment, referred to as Hybrid-ECT, try to decrease side effects by using a lower charge while preserving treatment efficacy.

Methods
A randomized, double-blinded, standard-controlled, parallel-group design will be used. We plan to enroll 62 inpatients diagnosed with acute schizophrenia and randomly assign them to routine ECT (control group) or to Hybrid-ECT (treatment group, 3 ECT sessions followed by LCE sessions (approximately half of seizure threshold per session)). The primary outcome measure is the change in total PANSS score after the last ECT/LCE session. The secondary outcome measures include the response rate, remission rate, CGI, auditory hallucination rating scale, and everyday memory questionnaire (EMQ) scales. Neuropsychological metrics include the repeatable battery for the assessments of neuropsychological status (RBANS) and the stroop test, and detailed side effects will be evaluated. Structure and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments during treatment will be performed to explore brain changes between ECT and hybrid-ECT groups. The follow-up phase is set at the one-month after the last ECT/LCE session

Results
No results.

Discussion
This research will propose a simple but completely novel ECT strategy that aims to rapidly relieve psychosis symptoms and minimize side effects. If Hybrid-ECT is found to have the potentiality mentioned above, this could have important implications for future ECT strategies in treating schizophrenia patients in the acute phase. In addition, by using the detailed neuropsychological assessments and MRI scanning, this study may improve the knowledge of ECT-related antipsychotic mechanisms.
M246. DIGITAL SELF-MONITORING AND EMBODIMENT IN FIRST EPISODE PSYCHOSIS: ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Berkhout Susan , Zaheer Juveria , Remington Gary 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Smartphone technology has seen expanding interest across nearly all areas of medicine, including psychiatry, where app-based technologies frequently function as proxies for digitized behavioural phenotypes (Firth and Torous 2015). In the area first episode psychosis especially, there has been a rising interest in the use of digital platforms for patient self-management as well as for assessment of symptom domains (Ben-Zeev et al. 2014; Bell et al. 2018).

Methods
This paper discusses findings from a 3 year-long ethnographic study carried out within a first episode psychosis program in Toronto, Canada, in combination with a discourse analysis of the clinical and research literature relating to the use of self-monitoring technologies within first episode psychosis contexts. The qualitative data consists of formal and informal interviews with psychiatric service users, family members, and clinicians (n=45 interviews), in addition to observational field work within the clinical setting. Data were analyzed thematically within an interpretivist-constructivist frame, and triangulated through reflexive field notes, member-checking, and the authors’ clinical experience within the field. Themes were reviewed with senior clinicians in the first episode clinic setting as well as psychiatric service users for reliability and fidelity.

Results
Self-monitoring technologies are increasingly used in both research and clinical care settings, most frequently related to the management of medication side effects and the tracking of the phenomenological aspects of psychotic and psychotic-like experiences. The uptake of these technologies by psychiatric service users in this setting was varied: at times, symptom and side effect tracking faciliated conversations about uncomfortable topics such as sexual side effects of antipsychotics, while in other instances the use of self-monitoring technologies was intrusive. Challenges with self-monitoring were likely to arise when issues relevant to understanding complex phenomena such as medication adherence were prematurely narrowed or when experiential narratives were foreclosed by the structure imposed by the technologies themselves. Resistance to self-monitoring arose in novel and interesting ways.

Discussion
Engaging in self-monitoring, whether for side effect tracking or phenomenological analysis of moment-to-moment experiences have significant material effects on those engaged in such practices. When we consider the study findings through the lens of contemporary mental health ethics, we can appreciate how such technologies carry with them a potential for what has been termed “epistemic injustice” (Medina 2013; Fricker 2007), even at the same time as they offer potentially novel, meaningful forms of health care engagement. Grappling with this tension is of critical importance in light of the expansion of such platforms in both clinical and research environments
M247. PAST AND ANTICIPATED HUMILIATION MAY CONTRIBUTE TO ANXIETY AND PRONENESS TO PSYCHOSIS EXPERIENCES IN A COMMUNITY SAMPLE
Authors: Lee Stuart , Rancie Tim , Lin Toh Wei , Penita Phaybian , Moseley Peter , Rossell Susan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Childhood adversity is a risk factor for psychosis. Bullying, abuse, neglect and family conflict can cause biological (e.g. stress hyper-reactivity) and psychological (e.g. negative beliefs about self and perceived threat from others) changes that may lead to psychopathology in adulthood. Past and anticipated humiliation is associated with proneness to persecutory ideation in non-clinical samples. However, whether this is associated with proneness to other positive psychosis symptoms is unclear. This study measured how humiliation is related to hallucination-like experiences (HLE) and intrusive thinking assessed via the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale Extended and disorganisation assessed via the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief Revised, and if increased anxiety mediates this relationship.

Methods
This cross-sectional study recruited a community sample of 92 adults (62% female; Mean [SD] age = 27.3 [10.8]) who completed measures of past/anticipated humiliation, risky family environment, family socioeconomic status, state anxiety and proneness to positive psychotic 1 2020 Congress of the Schizophrenia International Research Society symptoms. Serial mediation tested for direct and indirect relationships among study variables.

Results
Worse past and anticipated humiliation, risky family environments and state anxiety correlated with more severe intrusive thoughts, multisensory HLEs and disorganisation (r range 0.23–0.54). Serial mediation showed that of the historical factors, only past humiliation predicted anticipated humiliation (p &lt; 0.001), which in turn was the only unique predictor of state anxiety (p = 0.004). The relationship then differed for proneness to different positive psychosis symptoms. Only state anxiety was a unique predictor of audio-visual HLEs (p = .03) and intrusive thoughts (p = .01), whereas both past humiliation and anxiety predicted disorganisation and multisensory HLEs (both p &lt; .03).

Discussion
Anxious anticipation about potential harm in interpersonal interactions, likely caused by cumulative past humiliation, may increase proneness to positive psychosis experiences through increased difficulty controlling negative emotions and the frequency and content of worrying thoughts and memories.
S3. DOES SWITCHING OR AUGMENTING HELP WITH ANTIPSYCHOTIC-RELATED SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Allen Kirsty , Baban Alan , Munjiza Jasna , Pappa Sofia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Sexual dysfunction is one of the most frequently occurring side-effects of antipsychotic medication, impacting both quality of life and adherence to treatment. Despite this, limited evidence-based guidance on treatment options is available. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize and analyze the evidence on the management of antipsychotic-related sexual dysfunction, specifically taking note of the more recently developed antipsychotics that have been incorporated

Methods
EMBASE, Medline, and PsychINFO databases were searched using search terms related to sexual or erectile dysfunction, treatments, and antipsychotics. 2 reviewers independently assessed papers for the inclusion criteria for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of treatments for antipsychotic-related sexual dysfunction, including adjunctive medications and a switch of antipsychotic. Studies were excluded if participants did not have recorded sexual dysfunction at baseline.

Results
The primary outcome measure was any change in sexual function. Results 6 RCTs were identified, all of which investigated different interventions; hence, it was not possible to synthesize the data quantitatively. Results were overall limited by small sample size, brief treatment duration, and the potential for bias. 2 studies, one assessing adjunctive sildenafil and the other adjunctive aripiprazole, reported a reduction in antipsychotic-related sexual dysfunction.

Discussion
Due to the lack of high-quality data, no clinical recommendations can be made. Our findings highlight the paucity of high-quality research in this area, and conjecture that it may be difficult to recruit participants with antipsychotic-related sexual dysfunction. Future research may be necessary to unlock and address these difficulties. Furthermore, fully powered future studies should focus on the management of sexual dysfunction rather than the surrogate marker of hyperprolactinemia.
S5. DOES THE TIME OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION ALTER THE ADVERSE EVENT RISK OF LURASIDONE?
Authors: Hagi Katsuhiko , Tadashi Nosaka , Pikalov Andrei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Lurasidone is once a day oral medication, which could be administered any time of the day, but the relationship between the timing of administration and the risk of developing adverse events has not been systematically evaluated.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether there is a difference in the risk of adverse events between lurasidone administration in the morning and at night in the treatment of adult schizophrenia.

Methods
Randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) of lurasidone in adults with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia were analyzed for the incidence of akathisia, somnolence, and nausea.
We compared the risk of each adverse event and the risk differences (RDs) for each lurasidone dose versus placebo in patients taking lurasidone in the morning (AM dosing group) and those taking lurasidone at night (PM dosing group).

Results
Nine RCTs were included in the analysis (six RCTs with AM dosing and three RCTs with PM dosing). In the AM dosing group, lurasidone doses of 20, 40, 80, and 120 mg/day were evaluated, and in the PM dosing group, lurasidone doses of 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/day were evaluated.
The risk of akathisia increased in a dose-dependent manner in AM dosing group, this tendency, however, was not observed in PM dosing group. In addition, RD tended to be larger in AM dosing group than in PM dosing group at the same dose [AM dosing group: 20 mg/day=-4.1%, no significantly different from placebo (ns); 40 mg/day=7.1%, p&lt;0.001; 80 mg/day=9.1%, p&lt;0.001; 120 mg/day=20.3%, p&lt;0.001, PM dosing group: 20 mg/day=3.2%, ns; 40 mg/day=2.3%, ns; 80 mg/day=8,7%, p&lt;0.001; 160 mg/day=6.5%, p&lt;0.01].
Similarly, the risk of somnolence increased in a dose-dependent manner in AM dosing group, however, this tendency was not clearly observed in PM dosing group. RD tended to be larger in AM dosing group than in PM dosing group at the same dose (AM dosing group: 20 mg/day=0.1%, ns; 40 mg/day=3.6%, p&lt;0.05; 80 mg/day=4.9%, p&lt;0.01; 120 mg/day=9.3%, p&lt;0.001, PM dosing group: 20 mg/day=-0.4%, ns; 40 mg/day=2.8%, p&lt;0.05: 80 mg/day=0.2%, ns; 160 mg/day=5.8%, p&lt;0.05).
There was no clear dose-dependent trend associated with nausea and RD was similar between AM and PM dosing group (AM dosing group: 20 mg/day=0.2% ns; 40 mg/day=3.8%, p&lt;0.05; 80 mg/day=3.8%, ns; 120 mg/day=6.6%, ns, PM dosing group: 20 mg/day=-1.6%, ns; 40 mg/day=-1.7%, ns; 80 mg/day=5.5%, p&lt;0.01; 160 mg/day=2.8%, ns).

Discussion
The risk of adverse events in the treatment of schizophrenia with lurasidone can vary depending on the timing of administration. In particular, for akathisia and somnolence, the incidence risks were reduced when lurasidone was administered in PM. Unlike with AM administration, the dose-dependence in the risks of these adverse events were not observed in lurasidone PM administration.
The timing of lurasidone administration could be considered in effort to minimize potential adverse events.