bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TMS bursts can modulate local and networks oscillations during lower-limb movement
Authors: Espinoza Arturo I. , Scholl Jamie L. , Singh Arun 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionLower-limb motor functions involve processing information via both motor and cognitive control networks. Measuring oscillations is a key element in communication within and between cortical networks during high order motor functions. Increased midfrontal theta oscillations are related to improved lower-limb motor performances in patients with movement disorders. Non-invasive neuromodulation approaches have not been explored extensively to understand the oscillatory mechanism of lower-limb motor functions. This study aims to examine the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on local and network EEG oscillations in healthy elderly subjects.MethodsEleven healthy elder subjects (67-73 years) were recruited via advertisements, and underwent both active and sham stimulation procedures in a random, counterbalanced design. TMS bursts (θ-TMS; 4 pulses/sec) were applied over the midfrontal lead (vertex) before a GO-Cue pedaling task, and signals were analyzed using time-frequency methods.ResultsTMS bursts increase the theta activity in the local (p=0.02), as well as the associated network during the lower-limb pedaling task (p = 0.02). Furthermore, after task-related TMS burst sessions, increased resting-state alpha activity was observed in the midfrontal region (p= 0.01).ConclusionOur study suggests the ability of midfrontal TMS bursts to directly modulate local and network oscillations in a frequency manner during lower-limb motor task. TMS burst-induced modulation may provide insights into the functional roles of oscillatory activity during lower-limb movement in normal and disease conditions.
Adaptive plasticity in plant traits increases time to hydraulic failure under drought in a foundation tree
Authors: Challis A , Blackman CJ , Ahrens CW , Medlyn BE , Rymer PD , Tissue DT 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe viability of forest trees, in response to climate change-associated drought, will depend on their capacity to survive through genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity in drought tolerance traits. Genotypes with enhanced plasticity for drought tolerance (adaptive plasticity) will have a greater ability to persist and delay the onset of hydraulic failure.Corymbia calophyllapopulations from two contrasting climate-origins (warm-dry and cool-wet) were grown under well-watered and chronic soil water deficit treatments in large containers. Hydraulic and allometric traits were measured and then trees were dried-down to critical levels of drought stress.Significant plasticity was detected in the warm-dry population in response to water-deficit, with adjustments in drought tolerance traits that resulted in longer dry-down times from stomatal closure to 88% loss of stem hydraulic conductance (time to hydraulic failure, THF). Plasticity was limited in the cool-wet population, indicating a significant genotype-by-environment interaction in THF.Our findings contribute information on intraspecific variation in key drought tolerance traits and THF. It highlights the need to quantify adaptive capacity in populations of forest trees facing climate change-type drought to improve predictions of forest die-back.Corymbia calophyllamay benefit from assisted gene migration by introducing adaptive warm-dry populations into vulnerable cool-wet population regions.
Evolving Changes in Cortical and Sub-Cortical Excitability during Movement Preparation: A Study of Brain Potentials and Eye-Blink Reflexes during Loud Acoustic Stimulation
Authors: Nguyen An T. , Tresilian James R. , Lipp Ottmar V. , Tavora-Vieira Dayse , Marinovic Welber 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe presentation of Loud Acoustic Stimuli (LAS) during preparation can trigger motor actions at very short latencies in a phenomenon called the StartReact effect. It was initially proposed that a special, separate sub-cortical mechanism which by-passes slower cortical processes could be involved. We sought to examine the evidence for a separate mechanism against the alternative that responses to LAS can be explained by a combination of stimulus intensity effects and preparatory-states – as proposed by activation models of motor control.To investigate whether cortically mediated preparatory processes are involved in shaping reactions to LAS, we used an auditory reaction task where we manipulated preparation-level within each trial. We contrasted responses to non-intense tones and LAS and examined whether cortical activation, sub-cortical excitability (measured by pre-stimulus EEG and eye-blink startle reflexes, respectively) and the motor response were influenced by preparation-level.As predicted by the activation model, increases in preparation-level were marked by gradual reductions in RT coupled with increases in cortical activation and sub-cortical excitability – at both condition- and trial-levels. Changes in cortical activation influenced motor and auditory but not visual areas – highlighting the wide-spread yet selective nature of preparation. RTs were shorter to LAS than tones, but the overall pattern of preparation-level effects were the same for both stimuli. These results demonstrate that LAS responses are indeed shaped by cortically mediated preparatory processes. The concurrent changes observed in brain and behaviour with increasing preparation reinforces the notion that preparation is marked by evolving brain states which shape the motor response.Key PointsReactions to Loud Acoustic Stimuli can be explained by stimulus intensity and preparation stateWe manipulated movement preparation by altering the temporal position of the imperative stimulusPreparation was marked by reductions in RT, and increased cortical and sub-cortical excitabilityPreparation had the same effect on reactions to Loud Acoustic Stimuli and non-intense tonesThe results highlight the widespread, evolving, and strategic nature of movement preparation
Multi-Omic Profiling of the Liver Across Diets and Age in a Diverse Mouse Population
Authors: Williams Evan G. , Pfister Niklas , Roy Suheeta , Statzer Cyril , Haverty Jack , Ingels Jesse , Bohl Casey , Hasan Moaraj , Čuklina Jelena , Bühlmann Peter , Zamboni Nicola , Lu Lu , Ewald Collin Y. , Williams Robert W. , Aebersold Ruedi 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTSystems biology approaches often use inferred networks of gene expression and metabolite data to identify regulatory factors and pathways connected with phenotypic variance. Generally, study-specific multi-layer “Omics” datasets are used to contextualize generic molecular networks. In this regard separating upstream causal mechanisms, downstream biomarkers, and incidental correlations remains a significant challenge, yet it is essential for designing mechanistic experiments. To address this, we designed a study following a population of 2157 individuals from 89 isogenic BXD mouse strains across their lifespan to identify molecular interactions among genotype, environment, age (GxExA) and metabolic fitness. Each strain was separated into two cohorts, one fed low fat (6% cal/fat) and the other high fat (60% cal/fat) diets. Tissues were collected for 662 individuals (309 cohorts) diverging across age (7, 12, 18, and 24 months), diet, sex, and strain. Transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome data were generated for liver. Of these we identified linear relations among these molecular data with lifespan for the same genomes of mice (Roy et al. 2020), and we defined ∼1100 novel protein-coding genes associated with longevity. We knocked down the ortholog ofCtsdinC. elegans. The treatment reduced longevity both in wildtype and in mutant long-lived strains, thus validating the prediction. Next, to assess the molecular impact of GxExA on gene expression, the multi-omics data was parsed into metabolic networks where connectivity varied due to the independent variables. Differences in edge strengths connecting nodes in these molecular networks according to each variable enabled causal inference by using stability selection, with roughly 21% of novel gene–pathway connections being causally affected by diet and/or age. For instance,Chchd2is activated by aging and drives changes in the proteasome, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial translation transcriptional networks. Together, we have developed a large multi-omics resource for studying aging in the liver, and a resource for turning standard associations into causal networks.
Popular music censorship under Chinese societies: selected Canto-pop case studies in China, Hong Kong and Singapore
Authors: Man Ivy 
Published: August 2020

PurposeWhile Hong Kong has exercised laissez-faire policy with regard to popular cultural industries, such broadcasting freedom may not fully accepted in countries where state control of the media is tight. This paper aims to have a review and brief discussion on music development and the phenomenon of popular music censorship under Chinese societies including China, Hong Kong and Singapore.Design/methodology/approachAfter a brief discussion on the popular music scene in Hong Kong, China and Singapore, this paper reviews on the possible reasons for popular music censorship issue in the Chinese societies.FindingsIt is found that Canto-pop can be freely broadcast in Hong Kong; however, such freedom is not accepted in China and Singapore due to censorship. While China is sensitive to pro-democratic content in popular music, Singapore's language policies hinder the development of Canto-pop since the 70s.Originality/valueAfter reviewing the reasons for music censorship, in particular Cantonese popular music in the Chinese societies, the paper gives a prediction on the future development of Canto-pop.
Firm receptivity regarding marketplace vs political ties
Authors: Zeiss Jessica , Carlson Les , Harvey Elise Johansen 
Published: August 2020

PurposePrior research has examined the sociopolitical force as simply a part of all types of environmental pressures, yet we argue that this force calls for a unique examination of marketing's role in firm responses to sociopolitical pressures. Understanding the degree to which firms attempt to manage forces and pressures in the external business environment is key to understanding marketing's role in impeding vs aiding public policy initiatives, and is the problem this research investigates.Design/methodology/approachUsing structural equation modeling, data from 71 firms demonstrate that managing the sociopolitical force is, in fact, distinct from managing the other four market-based forces – consumer demand, supplier power, competition and technological shifts. Managing the sociopolitical force is shown to require fundamentally different skills and resources.FindingsResults suggest that firm sociopolitical receptivity drives attempts to influence this unique external business environmental force, in turn limiting marketplace sociopolitical receptivity. Furthermore, attempts to influence such a unique force relies on resource-light marketing resources, which limits resource-heavy marketing.Originality/valueManaging a political force with marketplace ramifications involves strategy that utilizes marketing, but is driven by relationships with social and political agents. This is truly an environmental management concept distinct from the management of the other four market-based forces. The analysis in this study demonstrates that managing another environmental force (i.e. competition force) involves different receptivity influences and marketing tactic outcomes.
RBF-based mesh morphing improvement using Schur complement applied to rib shape optimization
Authors: Mastrippolito Franck , Aubert Stephane , Ducros Frédéric , Buisson Martin 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to improve the radial basis fuction mesh morphing method. During a shape optimization based on computational fluid dynamic (CFD) solvers, the mesh has to be changed. Two possible strategies are re-meshing or morphing. The morphing one is advantageous because it preserves the mesh connectivity, but it must be constrained.

Design/methodology/approach
RBF mesh deformation is one of the most robust and accurate morphing method. Using a greedy algorithm, the computational cost of the method is reduced. To evaluate the morphing performances, a rib shape optimization is performed using the NSGA-II algorithm coupled to kriging metamodels based on CFD. The morphing method is then compared to a re-meshing strategy.

Findings
The authors propose a method, based on Schur complement, to speed-up the greedy process. By using the information of the previous iteration, smaller linear systems are solved and time is saved. The optimization results highlight the interest of using a morphing-based metamodel regarding the resolution time and the accuracy of the interpolated solutions.

Originality/value
A new method based on Schur complement is addressed to speed-up the greedy algorithm and successfully applied to a shape optimization.
Does the supervisory ability of internal audit executives affect the occurrence of corporate fraud? Evidence from small and medium-sized listed enterprises in China
Authors: Zeng Huixiang , Yang Li , Shi Jing 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
Internal audit executives instruct the internal audit department to supervise corporate business management activities, evaluate internal controls and risks and provide recommendations for operating. Therefore, this paper aims to confirm whether and how the supervisory ability of the chief internal audit executive enhances the internal audit department’s function to prevent corporate fraud. Based on the results, this paper further researches the role of the supervisory board position in this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper examines 922 small and medium-sized listed enterprises in China from 2010 to 2017 and empirically investigates the influence of the internal audit executive’s supervisory ability (IAESA) on the occurrence of corporate fraud.

Findings
The results reveal that the IAESA is significantly negatively correlated with the occurrence of corporate fraud. This suppression effect is more pronounced when the internal audit executive is also the company’s supervisor. However, if the internal audit executive is the chairman of the board of supervisors, the suppression effect no longer exists. This paper therefore confirms that the IAESA curbs corporate fraud via the improvement of the internal corporate control level.

Research limitations/implications
Because the sample data was limited by the information disclosure level of the included companies, the sample size was relatively small as compared with those of other studies.

Practical implications
This study not only expands the research perspective in the field of internal audit functions but also provides a decision-making reference for the prevention of corporate fraud.

Social implications
This paper extends an approach that might be able to curb corporate fraud.

Originality/value
A comprehensive index was developed using data envelope analysis to quantify the supervisory ability of internal audit executives. Based on this, this research confirms that the internal audit department performs a “firewall function” to prevent corporate fraud.
Environmental alignment between logistics service providers and shippers – a supply chain perspective
Authors: Huge-Brodin Maria , Sweeney Edward , Evangelista Pietro 
Published: August 2020

PurposeVarious suggested paths for greening logistics and supply chains often address the specific perspectives of single supply chain actors. Drawing on stakeholder theory, the purpose of this paper is to develop a deeper understanding of the alignment between logistics service providers (LSPs) and shippers in the context of adopting more environmentally sustainable logistics practices.Design/methodology/approachWith a case study approach, a dual perspective is taken in which both LSPs and shippers were researched. The cases comprise eight LSPs and six shipper companies in Sweden, Italy and Ireland. Information was first analysed in relation to levels of environmental awareness, customer requirements and provider offerings and critical success factors (CSFs) and inhibitors. In a second step, the findings were analysed using stakeholder theory.FindingsLSPs demonstrate higher ambition levels and more concrete offerings compared to shippers' requirements for green logistics services. Paradoxically, customers are an important CSF and also an inhibitor for both LSPs and shippers. Both LSPs and shippers perceive financial factors and senior management priorities as important CSFs. The application of stakeholder theory helps to illuminate the importance of the many secondary stakeholders vs that of one or a relatively small number of primary stakeholders.Originality/valueThe three-dimensional analysis of environmental alignment between LSPs and shippers reinforces existing knowledge and provides new insights. A novel use of stakeholder theory in a supply chain context underlines its usefulness in research of this kind.
Social capital and organizational ambidexterity: the moderating effect of absorptive capacity
Authors: Lee Younggeun , Cortes Andres Felipe , Zhuang Yiming , Herrmann Pol 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of social capital on organizational ambidexterity in the context of emerging economies. Moreover, this paper aims to study the moderating influence of absorptive capacity on the relationship between social capital and organizational ambidexterity.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted two studies using survey data collected from 97 Ecuadorian and 100 Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).FindingsThe authors found that social capital, the extent to which organizational members interact, collaborate and share knowledge with one another and with external actors, has a positive effect on the simultaneous implementation of exploratory and exploitative innovations (i.e. organizational ambidexterity). Moreover, the authors found that absorptive capacity positively strengthens the impact of social capital on organizational ambidexterity.Originality/valueDrawing on the knowledge-based view and the innovation literature, the authors theoretically argue the importance of social capital and absorptive capacity for SMEs to develop and manage exploratory and exploitative innovations simultaneously in emerging economies of different cultures. The authors empirically test proposed hypotheses in Ecuador and China, two emerging markets with important cultural differences, and show the relevance of social capital in multiple settings.
Measuring the gaps between shippers and logistics service providers on green logistics throughout the logistics purchasing process
Authors: Jazairy Amer , von Haartman Robin 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to measure the gaps between the engagements of shippers (i.e. logistics buyers) and logistics service providers (LSPs) in different green logistics practices (GLPs) throughout the key phases of the logistics purchasing process: request for proposal, negotiations, contracting and execution.Design/methodology/approachA large-scale survey of shippers and LSPs in Sweden was conducted. Respondents were 331 firms (169 shippers, 162 LSPs). Mean values of the actors' perceptions were analysed using independent- and paired sample t-tests.FindingsWhile this study supports previous research indicating that LSPs engage more extensively in selling GLPs than shippers do in buying them, it shows that this conclusion does not uniformly apply to all GLPs nor all purchasing phases. Three patterns emerged for the gaps between the actors' buying-selling engagements throughout the purchasing process: (1) steady and wide gaps, (2) steady and narrow gaps and (3) emergent gaps. Distinct GLPs were associated with each pattern. It is also shown that the prioritisation of GLPs is fairly aligned between shippers and LSPs.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to the green logistics purchasing literature by systematically and simultaneously creating three types of distinction, between (1) shippers and LSPs, (2) different GLPs and (3) different logistics purchasing phases. Future studies could replicate the analysis in countries other than Sweden.Practical implicationsManagers of shipper/LSP firms learn tips to spot the GLPs that their partners prioritise, enabling them to modify their purchasing/marketing strategies accordingly.Originality/valueThe three types of distinction represent a novel approach in the green logistics purchasing literature.
The impact of non-urgent patients in emergency departments' operations
Authors: Leite Higor 
Published: August 2020

PurposeGlobally, the presence of non-urgent patients in emergency departments (EDs) is considered one of the main reasons for creating excessive waiting times and overcrowding in units. This paper aims to understand the impact of non-urgent patients in EDs' operations.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on qualitative case studies conducted within two Brazilian EDs, and uses interviews and observations to access the data.FindingsFrom a thematic analysis, three key themes emerged: characteristics of non-urgent demands in EDs, negative aspects of non-urgent patients in EDs, and the impact of the healthcare system model on EDs. These themes bring to light the impact that non-urgent patients have in EDs' operations, and provide theoretical and practical implications.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitation of this work is bound by the understanding of the non-urgent demands in EDs. Therefore, a benchmarking approach (investigating state-of-the-art practices to avoid such impact) was not applied but was suggested for future research instead.Practical implicationsThe research provides significant contributions to practitioners and policymakers, aiding future discussions to improve healthcare coverage and performance.Social implicationsThe research provides significant contributions for managers and policymakers, aiding future discussions to improve healthcare. For instance, the use of well-known techniques (e.g. lean, six sigma) are discussed and suggested to enhance healthcare capacity and performance. Furthermore, the policymakers are called upon to evaluate the healthcare access and provide regulations that involve innovative approaches to widen healthcare access.Originality/valueBased upon empirical data, this research extends the discussions related to non-urgent patient in EDs and is not limited merely to descriptive analysis, but by providing practical propositions and discussions related to the impact of these patients' presence in EDs' operations. Finally, the research provides a range of suggestions for future research related to the EDs' operational performance.