bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heavy-elements heritage of the falling sky
Authors: Recio-Blanco Alejandra , Fernández-Alvar Emma , de Laverny Patrick , Antoja Teresa , Helmi Amina , Crida Aurélien 
Published: November 2020

Context. A fundamental element of galaxy formation is the accretion of mass through mergers of satellites or gas. Recent dynamical analyses based on Gaia data have revealed major accretion events in the history of the Milky Way. Nevertheless, our understanding of the primordial Galaxy is hindered because the bona fide identification of the most metal-poor and correspondingly oldest accreted stars remains challenging.
Aims. Galactic archaeology needs a new accretion diagnostic to understand primordial stellar populations. Contrary to α-elements, neutron-capture elements present unexplained large abundance spreads for low-metallicity stars, which could result from a mixture of formation sites.
Methods. We analysed the abundances of yttrium, europium, magnesium, and iron in Milky Way satellite galaxies, field halo stars, and globular clusters. The chemical information was complemented by orbital parameters based on Gaia data. In particular, we considered the average inclination of the orbits.
Results. The [Y/Eu] abundance behaviour with respect to the [Mg/Fe] turnovers for satellite galaxies of various masses reveals that higher-luminosity systems, for which the [Mg/Fe] abundance declines at higher metallicities, present enhanced [Y/Eu] abundances, particularly in the [Fe/H] regime between −2.25 dex and −1.25 dex. In addition, the analysis has uncovered a chemo-dynamical correlation for both globular clusters and field stars of the Galactic halo, accounting for about half of the [Y/Eu] abundance spread. In particular, [Y/Eu] under-abundances typical of protracted chemical evolutions are preferentially observed in polar-like orbits, pointing to a possible anisotropy in the accretion processes.
Conclusions. Our results strongly suggest that the observed [Y/Eu] abundance spread in the Milky Way halo could result from a mixture of systems with different masses. They also highlight that both nature and nurture are relevant to the formation of the Milky Way since its primordial epochs, thereby opening new pathways for chemical diagnostics of the build-up of our Galaxy.
Acute Physiological Responses to Four Running Sessions Performed at Different Intensity Zones
Authors: Nuuttila Olli-Pekka , Kyröläinen Heikki , Häkkinen Keijo , Nummela Ari 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study investigated acute responses and post 24-h recovery to four running sessions performed at different intensity zones by supine heart rate variability, countermovement jump, and a submaximal running test. A total of 24 recreationally endurance-trained male subjects performed 90 min low-intensity (LIT), 30 min moderate-intensity (MOD), 6×3 min high-intensity interval (HIIT) and 10×30 s supramaximal-intensity interval (SMIT) exercises on a treadmill. Heart rate variability decreased acutely after all sessions, and the decrease was greater after MOD compared to LIT and SMIT (p<0.001; p<0.01) and HIIT compared to LIT (p<0.01). Countermovement jump decreased only after LIT (p<0.01) and SMIT (p<0.001), and the relative changes were different compared to MOD (p<0.01) and HIIT (p<0.001). Countermovement jump remained decreased at 24 h after SMIT (p<0.05). Heart rate during the submaximal running test rebounded below the baseline 24 h after all sessions (p<0.05), while the rating of perceived exertion during the running test remained elevated after HIIT (p<0.05) and SMIT (p<0.01). The current results highlight differences in the physiological demands of the running sessions, and distinct recovery patterns of the measured aspects of performance. Based on these results, assessments of performance and recovery from multiple perspectives may provide valuable information for endurance athletes, and help to improve the quality of training monitoring.
Nanoencapsulation of Plant Volatile Organic Compounds to Improve Their Biological Activities
Authors: Mun Hakmin , Townley Helen E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlant volatile organic compounds (volatiles) are secondary plant metabolites that play crucial roles in the reproduction, defence, and interactions with other vegetation. They have been shown to exhibit a broad range of biological properties and have been investigated for antimicrobial and anticancer activities. In addition, they are thought be more environmentally friendly than many other synthetic chemicals 1. Despite these facts, their applications in the medical, food, and agricultural fields are considerably restricted due to their volatilities, instabilities, and aqueous insolubilities. Nanoparticle encapsulation of plant volatile organic compounds is regarded as one of the best strategies that could lead to the enhancement of the bioavailability and biological activity of the volatile compounds by overcoming their physical limitations and promoting their controlled release and cellular absorption. In this review, we will discuss the
biosynthesis and analysis of plant volatile organic compounds, their biological activities, and limitations. Furthermore, different types of nanoparticle platforms used to encapsulate the volatiles and the biological efficacies of nanoencapsulated volatile organic compounds will be covered.
Can Small-side Games Provide Adequate High-speed Training in Professional Soccer?
Authors: Asian-Clemente Jose , Rabano-Muñoz Alberto , Muñoz Borja , Franco Jesus , Suarez-Arrones Luis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim was to compare the running activity in official matches with that achieved in two small-sided games, designed with the same relative area per player but with different constraints and field dimensions, aiming to stimulate high-speed and very-high-speed running. Seventeen young professional players played one 5 vs. 5+5 with 2 floaters, varying in terms of whether there was a change of playing area (SSGCA) or not change (SSGNC). Running activity was monitored using GPS and the following variables were recorded: total distance covered; high-speed distance (18–21 km·h−1); very high-speed distance (>21 km·h−1); peak speed; accelerations and decelerations between 2–3 m·s−2 and above 3 m·s−2. SSGCA achieved statistically higher total distance, high-speed, peak speed and number of accelerations and decelerations than SSGNC (large to small magnitude). Both drills showed statistically greater high speed, number of accelerations and decelerations than official matches (large to small magnitude). Moreover, SSGCA exhibited statistically more total distance and distance at higher speed than official matches (moderate and small magnitude, respectively). In contrast, official matches showed statistically higher peak speeds than both training tasks and more very high speed than SSGNC (large and moderate magnitude, respectively). Coaches could use SSGCA to promote greater running activity in soccer players.
Surgical Treatments of Epilepsy
Authors: Ahmad Shahjehan , Khanna Ryan , Sani Sepehr 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNearly 30% of epilepsy patients are refractory to medical therapy. Surgical management of epilepsy is an increasingly viable option for these patients. Although surgery has historically been used as a palliative option, improvements in technology and outcomes show its potential in certain subsets of patients. This article reviews the two main categories of surgical epilepsy treatment—resective surgery and neuromodulation. Resective surgery includes temporal lobe resections, extratemporal resections, laser interstitial thermal therapy, and disconnection procedures. We discuss the three main types of neuromodulation—vagal nerve stimulation, responsive neurostimulation, and deep brain stimulation for epilepsy. The history and indications are explored for each type of treatment. Given the myriad types of resection and neuromodulation techniques, patient selection is reviewed in detail, with a discussion on which patients are most likely to benefit from different treatment strategies. We also discuss outcomes with examples of the pertinent landmark trials and their results. Finally, complications and surgical technique are reviewed. As new indications emerge and patient selection is refined, surgical management will continue to evolve as an adjuvant therapy for epileptic patients.
Incidence of Scaphoid Fractures and Associated Injuries at US Trauma Centers
Authors: Wells Matthew E. , Nicholson Tyler C. , Macias Reuben A. , Nesti Leon J. , Dunn John C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgound The scaphoid is the most commonly fractured carpal bone and often presents as a diagnostic challenge. Fractures can often go unnoticed on initial radiographic evaluation and clinical presentation can vary significantly among patients. Awareness of high-risk cohorts assists practitioners in making the appropriate clinical diagnosis of acute scaphoid fracture.Materials and Methods The National Trauma Data Bank is the world's largest trauma data repository. Utilizing the 2016 public use file, we isolated scaphoid fractures by anatomic fracture location by utilizing International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision coding. Reported cases of distal pole (S62.01), waist (S62.02), and proximal pole (S62.03) were included. This data was then queried to determine trends in mechanism of injury, demographic information, and associated injuries.Results There were a total of 968,665 patients with 2,769 cases of reported scaphoid fractures resulting in 286 scaphoid fractures per 100,000 person-years. Males were more likely to sustain a scaphoid fracture than females. The most commonly encountered associated injuries were distal radius fractures, distal ulnar fractures, and nonscaphoid carpal bone fractures, respectively.Conclusions Scaphoid fractures presenting to trauma centers are more commonly reported among males and those involved in motor vehicle accidents or falls. Appropriate scaphoid-specific radiographic imaging should be obtained as well as wrist and elbow images to evaluate for concomitant injuries, especially distal radius fractures.
Validation of the Macroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Status Using the Oxford Classification System in Relation to Cartilage Defects on the Medial Tibial Plateau in Osteoarthritic Knees
Authors: Hiranaka Takafumi , Hida Yuichi , Tanaka Toshikazu , Okimura Kenjiro , Fujishiro Takaaki , Okamoto Koji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the relationships between anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) grading using the Oxford classification system and cartilage defects on the medial tibial plateau to clarify the validity of the system. We studied the location and size of a full-thickness cartilage defect of the medial tibial plateau in 154 knees (97 patients) treated by unicompartmental (113) or total (41) knee arthroplasty between April 2017 and January 2018, and analyzed their relationship to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) grade, Grade 1 (normal), Grade 2 (synovial damage), Grade 3 (longitudinal split), Grade 4 (friable and fragmented), and Grade 5 (absent). Significant trends in decreased posterior preserved cartilage, increased defect length, and posteriorized defect center were associated with increasing ACL grade. Multiple comparison analysis revealed that the measurements were significantly different between ACL functional (Grades 1–3) and ACL deficient (Grades 4 and 5). On the other hand, the anterior preserved cartilage was consistent among the Grades. The macroscopic Oxford ACL classification system well described the disease progression where the cartilage defect extends posteriorly with ACL damage. However, 38% of ACL deficient knees had well-preserved posterior cartilage with no evident tibial anterior translation.
Sobre los pares aspectuales en polaco
Authors: Wilk-Racięska Janna 
Published: November 2020

Resumen
El artículo aborda las relaciones fundamentales entre los verdaderos pares aspectuales polacos, es decir, los que
representan única y exclusivamente las relaciones terminativas. Además se describe la estrecha relación existente entre la formación de
estos pares y el aspecto léxico. El estudio, asentado en las investigaciones más recientes de los aspectólogos eslavos (polacos, rusos,
etc.,), expone unas regularidades que permiten desmitificar por lo menos una parte del aspecto eslavo. A fin de confirmar su validez cada
análisis va ilustrado con unos ejemplos extraídos de los libros y revistas en español y en polaco, así como del Diario Oficial de la Unión
Europea (versiones española DO UE y polaca DU UE).
Wormhole solutions with scalar field and electric charge in modified gravity
Authors: Godani Nisha , Samanta Gauranga C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we have considered the modification of general relativity and presence of extra matter part for the exploration of traversable wormhole solutions. In particular, we have considered the background of f(R, T) gravity under the effect of scalar field and electric charge, which play the role of additional matter part. The energy conditions are detected in the presence of both scalar field and electric charge and the results are compared. Further, the existence of photon spheres, due to the strong gravitational lensing, is examined and the formation of relativistic images is studied.
Development and prospects for the introduction of a low-emission combustion system for ground-based gas turbine engines and gas turbine units
Authors: Biryuk V V , Vorotyntsev I E , Tyulkin D D , Tsybizov Yu I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Today, more and more “stringent” requirements are established in the world for the emission of harmful substances in the combustion products of gas turbines operated and newly developed, which is why the issue of ensuring environmental safety is relevant. The article presents the basic principles of organizing low - emission fuel combustion based on a generalization of experience in the successful operation of gas turbines of the NK family, which ensured that modern requirements for reliability and environmental safety are met. An example is given of the modernization of the gas turbine combustion chamber in order to reduce the levels of emissions of harmful substances. The experience of introducing into serial production of additive technology for the manufacture of basic elements of low-emission combustion chamber using selective laser melting technology is described.
Experimental and numerical study of the interaction of subcooled water with saturated steam in a horizontal pipe
Authors: Volkov G J , Kapustin A V , Melikhov V I , Melikhov O I , Nikonov S M , Baybakov V D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Interaction of subcooled water with saturated steam in horizontal tube can produce so-called condensation induced water hammers, which may be dangerous for integrity of NPP equipment. This phenomenon has been investigated at the special test facility developed at Electrogorsk Research and Engineering Center. Test section of the test facility is horizontal tube of inner diameter of 64 mm and a length of 3 m. It has been performed several experimental runs, where subcooled water was supplied to the end of the tube filled by saturated steam. Another end of the tube was connected to separator vessel. System pressure, water subcooling and water flow rate were variable parameters. There were a lot of condensation induced water hammers, observed during experiments. Experimental data have been analysed with thermal-hydraulic codes WAHA and RELAP5, based on two-phase, two-fluid model.
The blast air preheating of an power boiler CHP ZIGM
Authors: Ziganshina S K , Kudinov A A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To improve the efficiency of the steam-turbine thermal power plant by reducing heat loss in a cold source by regenerating part of the heat of condensation of steam exhaust in the turbine, it is proposed to preheat the boiler blast air in a heat exchanger with circulating water heated in a steam turbine condenser. Saving of heat energy in monetary terms due to the use of part of the heat of condensation of steam in the turbine during preheating of the blast air of the ener-gy boiler BKZ-420-140 NGM of the Samara Thermal Power Plant to 20 °C is 13.244 mln rub/year. The design of an air-preheating unit for preheating the blast air of the power boiler BKZ-420-140 NGM has been developed, in which the heating coolant is circulating water heated in a steam turbine condenser. Variant calculations were carried out, as a result of which the main thermal performance parameters of the installation were determined at different boiler loads and outdoor temperatures.
Economic efficiency evaluation of applying the general-purpose heat and power plant based on the reciprocating steam engine
Authors: Razuvaev A V , Kobzev R A , Ya Redko I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the application perspectives of the general-purpose heat and power plant based on the reciprocating steam engine for driving various mechanisms. Renewable energy sources are used as fuel for the plant operation. The economic efficiency estimating calculation results of the proposed general-purpose heat and power plant on site are represented.
Analysis of the experiment KROTOS-44 of melt-water explosive interaction using the code VAPEX
Authors: Melikhov V I , Melikhov O I , Saleh B , Shkel A A , Alkhutov M S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The basic aim of KROTOS test facility is to provide experimental data on fuel coolant interaction phenomena during severe accidents in nuclear power plants. The presented article is devoted to validate the VAPEX code developed at the Department of NPP in Moscow Power Engineering Institute. The experiment K-44 was simulated using the VAPEX code, this experiment has a significant importance because it allows to clearly observe the growth and propagation of pressure waves. The calculated data for the explosion stage obtained by the VAPEX code are in a good agreement with the experimental data, which confirms the adequacy of the VAPEX code for the analysis of fuel coolant interaction in case of severe accidents in nuclear power plants.
Remote area power supply system for oil leakage detection systems and stop valves drives for pipelines
Authors: Belsky A A , Yu Glukhanich D , Ivanchenko D I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper describes problem of electrical power supply of data collection points for leakage detection and stop valve control systems, designed for emergency shutoff of fault parts of oil pipelines in areas without centralized power supply. Autonomous electrical power supply complex, based on thermoelectric generators and photovoltaic panels, was proposed as a solution. Structure and parametric sufficiency of power supply system were established. Computer model for estimation of autonomous power system effectiveness was developed and validated.
Application peculiarities of the high-temperature fluids containing nanoparticles in gas-tube boilers
Authors: Slobodina E N , Mikhailov A G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper considers the application peculiarities of the high-temperature fluids containing nanoparticles in gas-tube boilers. The classification of nanofluids obtaining methods is presented, one-step and two-stepmethods for preparing the product are considered. The main thermophysical properties of materials are described. The values of the thermal conductivity coefficient for some materials that are usually used as the base ones for mixing liquids and nanoparticles are represented. The mechanisms of heat transfer in nanofluids in the forced and free convection and boiling processes determining the gas-tube boiler efficiency are considered. Criteria dependences of calculating the heat transfer in the free and forced convection and boiling when nanofluids flowing through the heat generators are proposed. It is proved that when adding nanoparticles to the base liquid, an increase in the heat transfer coefficient will be observed if its thermal conductivity is increased. Besides, the convective heat transfer is affected by the density and viscosity of the nanofluid. When the liquid boils, the critical heat flux increases, and the determining factor of the heat transfer coefficient is the particles concentration. The represented data are prerequisites of developing the efficient gas-tube boiler with a high-temperature fluid.
A numerical simulation of hydrogen-oxygen mixture combustion in a water-cooled combustion chamber
Authors: Egorov A N , Ryzhkov A A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The efficiency of hydrogen combustion in an oxygen environment under various conditions is considered as a fundamental part of the nuclear power plant combination with hydrogen technology. The paper analyses two computational models: The Chemical Equilibrium and Steady Diffusion Flamelet models. A numerical simulation of the hydrogen-oxygen mixture combustion at stoichiometric conditions and heat transfer process in a water-cooled combustion chamber has been performed. It is shown that the most efficient hydrogen combustion is at a pressure of 6 MPa for both models. Additionally, the peak temperature of the cooling water is observed at a pressure of around 1.75 MPa. It is established that the Steady Diffusion Flamelet model has an advantage over the Chemical Equilibrium model while the use of the latter can fail to predict a correct combustion profile.
Feasibility of hydrogen-air energy storage gas turbine system for the solar power plant in Yakutsk region
Authors: Chukhin N I , Schastlivtsev A I , Shmatov D P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
For the solar power plants unsteady power generation is one of the main drawbacks, which must be taken into account. The hydrogen-air energy storage gas turbine system is considered in this paper for the Yakutsk region in Russia. This place with no centralised electrical grid has enough solar insolation level to supply with the power the settlement of several households with the average power consumption of 3 kW. The calculations show that 52 photovoltaic panels of the specific type are optimal number from the power balance data. It is supposed that in the months with the surplus of solar power the system works in generation mode and in the other months in storage mode. Also some reserve is planned for the supply during night in the storage mode by the gel batteries. After that the volumes and masses were determined for the reservoirs containing air, hydrogen and oxygen for the energy storage. The air reservoir for the compressed air energy storage (CAES) has the biggest volume 121 m3 according to the calculations. The gas turbine (GT) of 5 kW suits the system in the power generation mode. The special hydrogen-air combustion chamber is required for the GT unit.