bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of hybrid simulation method for seismic performance evaluation of RC coupling beams subjected to realistic boundary condition
Authors: Park Jamin , Strepelias Elias , Stathas Nikos , Kwon Oh‐Sung , Bousias Stathis 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn a building subjected to seismic loading, large compressive force may develop in reinforced concrete (RC) coupling beams because of axial restraint imposed by the neighboring shear walls against the elongation of the coupling beams during the failure process. The axially compressive force can increase the shear stiffness and strength of the coupling beam and may change its failure mode. In this paper, a novel coupling beam testing procedure adopting hybrid simulation method is proposed in which the axial restraint is determined through hybrid simulation and the calculated axial restraint is imposed on a specimen during the test. RC coupling beams were tested by adopting both the proposed test procedure and the conventional testing approach in which the effect of the axial restraint is not accounted for. Test results depict a clear difference in the response of the coupling beam, such as shear capacity and failure mode, depending on the consideration of the axial restraint during the test. The test outcome demonstrates the usefulness and applicability of the proposed test procedure.
Storage stability of soy protein isolate powders containing soluble protein aggregates formed at varying pH
Authors: Guo Fengxian , Lin Luan , He Zhiyong , Zheng Zong‐Ping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSoy protein is wildly used in food industry due to its high nutritional value and good functionalities. However, the poor storage stability of commercial soy protein products has puzzled both the producers and the users for a long time. The current study assessed the changes in protein solubility, aggregation, oxidation, and conformation of soy protein isolate (SPI) with various soluble aggregates formed at different pH values (pH 5–8) during storage. During storage, SPI samples showed a reduced protein solubility (p < .05), an increased protein oxidation (p < .05), and an attenuated conformational enthalpy (∆H). SPI with a higher pH produced more disulfide‐mediated aggregates at the expense of sulfhydryl groups and experienced greater losses of protein tertiary structure and a faster reduction in solubility. Yet, all samples nearly shared similar rising trend during 8‐week storage, which indicated the production of protein carbonyls was insensitive to pH. Soluble aggregates present in fresh SPI samples appeared to induce instability of SPI during storage. These findings suggested SPI prepared at pH 6 was in favor of its storage stability, and soluble aggregates presented in fresh samples should be paid more attention for further study of storage stability kinetics.
Polygenic modelling of treatment effect heterogeneity
Authors: Xu Zhi Ming , Burgess Stephen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMendelian randomization is the use of genetic variants to assess the effect of intervening on a risk factor using observational data. We consider the scenario in which there is a pharmacomimetic (i.e., treatment‐mimicking) genetic variant that can be used as a proxy for a particular pharmacological treatment that changes the level of the risk factor. If the association of the pharmacomimetic genetic variant with the risk factor is stronger in one subgroup of the population, then we may expect the effect of the treatment to be stronger in that subgroup. We test for gene–gene interactions in the associations of variants with a modifiable risk factor, where one genetic variant is treated as pharmacomimetic and the other as an effect modifier, to find genetic subgroups of the population with different predicted response to treatment. If individual genetic variants that are strong effect modifiers cannot be found, moderating variants can be combined using a random forest of interaction trees method into a polygenic response score, analogous to a polygenic risk score for risk prediction. We illustrate the application of the method to investigate effect heterogeneity in the effect of statins on low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Mostly harmless regulation? Electronic cigarettes, public policy, and consumer welfare
Authors: Kenkel Donald S. , Peng Sida , Pesko Michael F. , Wang Hua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractElectronic cigarettes are a less harmful alternative to combustible cigarettes. We analyze data on e‐cigarette choices in an online experimental market. Our data and mixed logit model capture two sources of consumer optimization errors: overestimates of the relative risks of e‐cigarettes and present bias. Our novel data and policy analysis make three contributions. First, our predictions about e‐cigarette use under counterfactual policy scenarios provide new information about current regulatory tradeoffs. Second, we provide empirical evidence about the role consumer optimization errors play in tobacco product choices. Third, we contribute to behavioral welfare analysis of policies that address individual optimization errors. Compared with standard cost–benefit analysis, our behavioral welfare economics analysis leads to much larger estimates of the costs of policies that discourage e‐cigarette use or the benefits of policies that encourage e‐cigarette use.
Sentiment‐Apt investors and UK sector returns
Authors: Sakariyahu Rilwan , Sherif Mohamed , Paterson Audrey , Chatzivgeri Eleni 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between sentiment‐apt investors and UK stock returns at industry level over the period January 1988 to December 2017. Using two new sentiment proxies (laggards to leaders and growth opportunity index) for 10 discrete sector groupings, we provide novel evidence on how returns in the UK stock market react to the activities of sentiment‐disposed investors. First, using threshold nonlinear regression, we document a significant relationship between the laggards to leaders sentiment proxy and sectoral returns. Our findings reveal that aggregate returns in the sector are affected by activities of investors who embark on profit‐taking when there is an increase in the proportion of lagging to leading stocks beyond the threshold value. Secondly, when using the growth opportunity sentiment proxy, we report that the increase in growth above the growth threshold value has a significant impact on sector returns. This study further confirms significant impact of non‐threshold variables on sector groupings. Our findings are robust, having been subjected to a range of robustness checks.
Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Proteins in COVID‐19: Current Clinical Development and Clinical Pharmacology Considerations
Authors: Ji Ping , Chen Jianmeng , Golding Amit , Nikolov Nikolay P. , Saluja Bhawana , Ren Yunzhao R. , Sahajwalla Chandrahas G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused by infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 has led to more than 600 000 deaths worldwide. Patients with severe disease often experience acute respiratory distress characterized by upregulation of multiple cytokines. Immunomodulatory biological therapies are being evaluated in clinical trials for the management of the systemic inflammatory response and pulmonary complications in patients with advanced stages of COVID‐19. In this review, we summarize the clinical pharmacology considerations in the development of immunomodulatory therapeutic proteins for mitigating the heightened inflammatory response identified in COVID‐19.
Combined liver and multivisceral resections: A comparative analysis of short and long‐term outcomes
Authors: Júnior Sérgio S. , Coelho Fabricio F. , Tustumi Francisco , Cassenote Alex J. F. , Jeismann Vagner B. , Fonseca Gilton M. , Kruger Jaime A. P. , Ernani Lucas , Cecconello Ivan , Herman Paulo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundEn bloc liver and adjacent organs resections are technically demanding procedures. Few case series and nonmatched comparative studies reported the outcomes of multivisceral liver resections (MLRs).ObjectivesTo compare the short and long‐term outcomes of patients submitted MLRs with those submitted to isolated hepatectomies.MethodsFrom a prospective database, a case‐matched 1:2 study was performed comparing MLRs and isolated hepatectomy. Additionally, a risk analysis was performed to evaluate the association between MLRs and perioperative morbidity, mortality, and long‐term survival.ResultsFifty‐three MLRs were compared with 106 matched controls. Patients undergoing MLRs had longer operative time (430 [320‐525] vs 360 [270‐440] minutes, P = .005); higher estimated blood loss (600 [400‐800] vs 400 [100‐600] mL; P = .011); longer hospital stay (8 [6‐14] vs 7 [5‐9] days; P = .003); and higher postoperative mortality (9.4% vs 1.9%, P = .042). Number of resected organs was not an independent prognostic factor for perioperative major complications (odds ratio [OR], 1 organ = 1.8 [0.54‐6.05]; OR ≥ 2, organs = 4.0 [0.35‐13.84]) or perioperative mortality (OR, 1, organ = 5.2 [0.91‐29.51]; OR ≥ 2, organs = 6.5 [0.52‐79.60]). No differences in overall (P = .771) and disease‐free survival (P = .28) were observed.ConclusionMLRs are feasible with acceptable morbidity but relatively high perioperative mortality. MLRs did not negatively affect long‐term outcomes.
Enhanced Pulsed Dye Laser for Facial Rejuvenation
Authors: Victor Ross Edward , Chodkiewicz Hubert , Javvaji Srimanasi , Zumwalt Jonathan , Kutscher Tuvia D. , Tran Cassandra 
Published: August 2020

Background and ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of an enhanced pulsed dye laser (PDL) for treatment of facial‐dyschromia.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThirteen patients were enrolled in the study. Nine patients were female, four were male, with a mean age of 61 years. All patients presented with either facial telangiectasia, rosacea, pigment, or a combination thereof. At the initial evaluation, test spots were performed to determine the subject's response to selected treatment parameters. In the study, the enhanced 595 nm PDL deployed a spot size range of 5–12 mm with fluences ranging from 8 to 18 J/cm2. Pulse duration was 10 milliseconds. Enhancements in this device included the option for contact or cryogen spray cooling, increased maximum pulse energy, increased repetition rate, option for addition of radiofrequency (RF), an option for a 15 mm spot size, and longer dye life. The smaller spots were used only for focal low contrast pigmented lesions that persisted after overall facial treatment with the larger spot. Smaller fluences were applied for general rejuvenation with the 12 mm spot (mean ~9 J/cm2). Sapphire contact cooling was applied at 10°C. A smaller area of the skin was reserved (typically pre‐auricular area) for addition of RF energy just before the pulse (40–70 J/cm3) over 100 milliseconds with a 20 milliseconds delay between the end of the RF pulse and beginning of the laser pulse. The minimum fluence that achieved vessel closure/vessel bluing and/or slight immediate pigment darkening was applied based on test spots performed just before treatment to the entire face. Determinations of improvement were made by evaluation of photographs with standard settings using polarized and nonpolarized images. Up to three treatments were performed approximately 1 month apart with follow‐up visits 1 and 3 months after the final treatment.ResultsEvaluation by a panel of blind observers determined a mean clearance of at least 50% in all lesions, while 77% of lesions had 50–75% clearance, and 23% of lesions had 76–100% clearance. Pain was approximately 4/10. Subjective lesion improvement and satisfaction rates were 3 out of 4 and 3.6 out 4, respectively.ConclusionAn enhanced PDL is effective in one pass treatments for facial rejuvenation with considerably less operative time than previous commercially available systems. A second pass applied to focal challenging lesions results in even more improvement, in a single treatment session. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Phylogeography of the marine pathogen, Vibrio vulnificus, revealed the ancestral scenarios of its evolution
Authors: Bisharat Naiel , Koton Yael , Oliver James D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVibrio vulnificus is the leading cause of seafood‐associated deaths worldwide. Despite the growing knowledge about the population structure of V. vulnificus, the evolutionary history and the ancestral relationships of strains isolated from various regions around the world have not been determined. Using the largest collection of sequence and isolate data of V. vulnificus to date, we applied ancestral character reconstruction to study the phylogeography of V. vulnificus. Multilocus sequence typing data from 10 housekeeping genes were used for the inference of ancestral states and reconstruction of the evolutionary history. The findings showed that the common ancestor of all V. vulnificus populations originated from East Asia, and later evolved into two main clusters that spread with time and eventually evolved into distinct populations in different parts of the world. While we found no meaningful insights concerning the evolution of V. vulnificus populations in the Middle East; however, we were able to reconstruct the ancestral scenarios of its evolution in East Asia, North America, and Western Europe.
Synthesis and properties of novel colorless and thermostable polyimides containing cross‐linkable bulky tetrafluorostyrol pendant group and organosoluble triphenylmethane backbone structure
Authors: Li Bin , Yan Ziran , Zhang Tianyong , Jiang Shuang , Wang Kaijun , Wang Di , Liu Yiwei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA colorless and high temperature resistant fluorinated polyimide (PI) film based on a novel cross‐linkable diamine monomer 4,4′‐diamino‐4″‐(2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐4‐ethylenephenoxy) triphenylmethane (DFPTM) was successfully prepared. The special triphenylmethane backbone and the bulky tetrafluorostyrol pendant group in DFPTM gave the PI material eximious solubility in organic solvents, high tensile properties, good thermal stability, and excellent optical transparency (cutoff wavelength for 331 nm and light transmittance above 94% at 450 nm). Furthermore, the styryl could initiate self‐crosslinking reaction to form a dense three‐dimensional network structure by thermal curing. Hence, the cross‐linked PI film showed superior combination property (including excellent resistance to solvents). It's Tg increased by 57.1–306.0°C, the 5% thermal weight‐loss temperature improved by 10.2% to 500.0°C, and the tensile strength enhanced by 17.5% to 39.7 MPa. Moreover, after thermal curing, the cross‐linked PI attained a lower elongation at break from 8.1 to 3.9%, and the thermal expansion coefficient reduced from 82.2 to 68.8 ppm/°C without obvious loss of optical transparency (cutoff wavelength for 347 nm and light transmittance remained 93.0% at 450 nm).
A High-Order Discontinuous Galerkin Solver for Multiphase Flows
Authors: Manzanero Juan , Redondo Carlos , Rubio Gonzalo , Ferrer Esteban , Valero Eusebio , Gómez-Álvarez Susana , Rivero-Jiménez Ángel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe present a multiphase model for incompressible flows of two immiscible fluids. Our model solves one shared set of incompressible Navier–Stokes equations for the two phase flow and an additional equation: the Cahn–Hilliard equation, for the evolution of the two fluids distribution. The introduced model is discretised in space using a high-order Discontinuous Galerkin Spectral Element Method (DGSEM). Time discretisation is performed by means of an efficient implicit-explicit approach that enables to maintain the time step restriction of a typical one phase Navier–Stokes solver. We show the validity and efficiency of our model and implementation in two classical two-dimensional test cases: the spinodal decomposition and the rising bubble.
Mathematiklehrveranstaltung neu – digital und invertiert
Authors: Peterfi Marc , Daniel Manfred 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungStudierende im ersten Semester stehen in MINT-Fächern vor der Herausforderung, den Übergang von der Schulmathematik zur Hochschulmathematik zu meistern. Im Projekt optes wird das Ziel verfolgt, die Studierenden bei diesem Übergang zu unterstützen. Dieser betrifft nicht nur die Zeit vor der Aufnahme des Studiums, sondern im Besonderen auch die ersten Semester in einem Studiengang mit mathematischen Lehranteilen.
Schlusswort
Authors: Mersch André 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungAuf welchem Wege auch immer Sie sich die Beiträge erschlossen haben - linear oder kreuz und quer - wir hoffen, Sie sind reicher geworden. Mindestens an Erkenntnis, im Idealfall an Erfahrung durch den Einsatz der Konzepte und Materialien.
Structure constants in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM at finite coupling as worldsheet g-function
Authors: Jiang Yunfeng , Komatsu Shota , Vescovi Edoardo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe develop a novel nonperturbative approach to a class of three-point functions in planar$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 SYM based on Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz (TBA). More specifically, we study three-point functions of a non-BPS single-trace operator and two determinant operators dual to maximal Giant Graviton D-branes in AdS5×S5. They correspond to disk one-point functions on the worldsheet and admit a simpler and more powerful integrability description than the standard single-trace three-point functions. We first introduce two new methods to efficiently compute such correlators at weak coupling; one based on largeNcollective fields, which provides an example of open-closed-open duality discussed by Gopakumar, and the other based on combinatorics. The results so obtained exhibit a simple determinant structure and indicate that the correlator can be interpreted as a generalization ofg-functions in 2d QFT; an overlap between an integrable boundary state and a state corresponding to the single-trace operator. We then determine the boundary state at finite coupling using the symmetry, the crossing equation and the boundary Yang-Baxter equation. With the resulting boundary state, we derive the ground-stateg-function based on TBA and conjecture its generalization to other states. This is the first fully nonperturbative proposal for the structure constants of operators of finite length. The results are tested extensively at weak and strong couplings. Finally, we point out that determinant operators can provide better probes of sub-AdS locality than single-trace operators and discuss possible applications.
Completing the Classification of Representations of SLn with Complete Intersection Invariant Ring
Authors: BRAUN LUKAS 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe present a full list of all representations of the special linear group SLnover the complex numbers with complete intersection invariant ring of homological dimension greater than or equal to two, completing the classification of Shmelkin. For this task, we combine three techniques. Firstly, the graph method for invariants of SLndeveloped by the author to compute invariants, covariants and explicit forms of syzygies. Secondly, a new algorithm for finding a monomial order such that a certain basis of an ideal is a Gröbner basis with respect to this order, in between usual Gröbner basis computation and computation of the Gröbner fan. Lastly, a modification of an algorithm by Xin for MacMahon partition analysis to compute Hilbert series.
A Fundamental Class for Intersection Spaces of Depth One Witt Spaces
Authors: Wrazidlo Dominik J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBy a theorem of Banagl–Chriestenson, intersection spaces of depth one pseudomanifolds exhibit generalized Poincaré duality of Betti numbers, provided that certain characteristic classes of the link bundles vanish. In this paper, we show that the middle-perversity intersection space of a depth one Witt space can be completed to a rational Poincaré duality space by means of a single cell attachment, provided that a certain rational Hurewicz homomorphism associated to the link bundles is surjective. Our approach continues previous work of Klimczak covering the case of isolated singularities with simply connected links. For every singular stratum, we show that our condition on the rational Hurewicz homomorphism implies that the Banagl–Chriestenson characteristic classes of the link bundle vanish. Moreover, using Sullivan minimal models, we show that the converse implication holds at least in the case that twice the dimension of the singular stratum is bounded by the dimension of the link. As an application, we compare the signature of our rational Poincaré duality space to the Goresky–MacPherson intersection homology signature of the given Witt space. We discuss our results for a class of Witt spaces having circles as their singular strata.
Influence of Operative Time in the Results of Infrainguinal Bypass for Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia
Authors: Almorza Cristina , Marcos Lidia , Diaz Carles , Galarza Andrés , Casajuana Eduard , Mateos Eduard , Clara Albert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn increased operative time (OT) has been associated with a higher rate of adverse outcomes after several surgical procedures although scarce evidence exists for infrainguinal bypass surgery (IBS) and its impact beyond the postoperative period. The aim of this study was to define surgical characteristics related to a prolonged OT in IBS for chronic limb threatening ischemia and its influence on postoperative and 1‐year outcomes.Materials and methodsRetrospective study of 249 consecutive patients (mean age 72.4 years, 73.1% male) undergoing IBS for CLI between 2008 and 2018. The characteristics related to the duration of surgery and its impact on outcome were assessed with a multiple linear regression and a multivariate logistic regression, respectively.ResultsInterventions associated with a prolonged OT included the bypass to a below‐the‐knee artery (additional 36 min, p = 0.002), the need for an alternative vein or a hybrid PTFE‐vein graft (additional 37 min, p = 0.02) and inflow associated procedures (additional 47 min, p < 0.001). OT was associated with a higher rate of postoperative complications (OR for each additional 30 min 1.123, 95% CI 1.021–1.234) and need for a sociosanitary facility at discharge (OR 1.143, 95% CI 1.033–1.265). At 1‐year of follow‐up, OT was related to a higher major amputation rate (OR 1.201, 95% CI 1.036–1.393) and non‐significantly to mortality (OR 1.125, 95% CI 0.999–1.268).ConclusionsA prolonged OT is a risk factor for adverse outcomes after IBS that extends beyond the immediate postoperative period. Further research is needed to evaluate how an expected high OT might influence decision‐making.