bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐level movement response of invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) to removal
Authors: Bastille‐Rousseau Guillaume , Schlichting Peter E , Keiter David A , Smith Joshua B , Kilgo John C , Wittemyer George , Vercauteren Kurt C , Beasley James C , Pepin Kim M 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDLethal removal of invasive species, such as wild pigs (Sus scrofa), is often the most efficient approach for reducing their negative impacts. Wild pigs are one of the most widespread and destructive invasive mammals in the USA. Lethal management techniques are a key approach for wild pigs and can alter wild pig spatial behavior, but it is unclear how wild pigs respond to the most common removal technique, trapping. We investigated the spatial behavior of wild pigs following intensive removal of conspecifics via trapping at three sites within the Savannah River Site, SC, USA. We evaluated changes in wild pig densities, estimated temporal shifts in home‐range properties, and evaluated fine‐scale movement responses of wild pigs to removal.RESULTSWe observed a significant reduction in the density of wild pigs in one site following removal via trapping while a qualitative reduction was observed in another site. We found little evidence of shifts in pig home‐ranging behavior following removal. However, we did observe a nuanced response in movement behavior of wild pigs to the removal at the scale of the GPS locations (4 h), including increased movement speed and reduced selection for vegetation rich areas.CONCLUSIONOur work provides a better understanding of the impact of removal via trapping on wild pig movement and its implications for management. The lack of shift in home‐range characteristics observed illustrates how targeted trapping could be used to provide temporary relief for species sensitive to wild pig consumption such as ground nesting birds or agricultural crops.
Evaluating a targeted multiple reaction monitoring approach to global untargeted lipidomic analyses of human plasma
Authors: Khan Mostafa J. , Codreanu Simona G. , Goyal Sandeep , Wages Phillip A. , Gorti Santosh K.K. , Pearson Mackenzie J. , Uribe Isabel , Sherrod Stacy D. , McLean John A. , Porter Ned A. , Robinson Renã A.S. 
Published: August 2020

RationaleThe Lipidyzer platform was recently updated on a SCIEX QTRAP 6500+ mass spectrometer and offers a targeted lipidomics assay including 1150 different lipids. We evaluated this targeted approach using human plasma samples and compared the results against a global untargeted lipidomics method using a high‐resolution Q Exactive HF Orbitrap mass spectrometer.MethodsLipids from human plasma samples (N = 5) were extracted using a modified Bligh–Dyer approach. A global untargeted analysis was performed using a Thermo Orbitrap Q Exactive HF mass spectrometer, followed by data analysis using Progenesis QI software. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)‐based targeted analysis was performed using a QTRAP 6500+ mass spectrometer, followed by data analysis using SCIEX OS software. The samples were injected on three separate days to assess reproducibility for both approaches.ResultsOverall, 465 lipids were identified from 11 lipid classes in both approaches, of which 159 were similar between the methods, 168 lipids were unique to the MRM approach, and 138 lipids were unique to the untargeted approach. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine species were the most commonly identified using the untargeted approach, while triacylglycerol species were the most commonly identified using the targeted MRM approach. The targeted MRM approach had more consistent relative abundances across the three days than the untargeted approach. Overall, the coefficient of variation for inter‐day comparisons across all lipid classes was ∼ 23% for the untargeted approach and ∼ 9% for the targeted MRM approach.ConclusionsThe targeted MRM approach identified similar numbers of lipids to a conventional untargeted approach, but had better representation of 11 lipid classes commonly identified by both approaches. Based on the separation methods employed, the conventional untargeted approach could better detect phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin lipid classes. The targeted MRM approach had lower inter‐day variability than the untargeted approach when tested using a small group of plasma samples. These studies highlight the advantages in using targeted MRM approaches for human plasma lipidomics analysis.
Molecular and biological functions of TRIM‐NHL RNA‐binding proteins
Authors: Connacher Robert P. , Goldstrohm Aaron C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe TRIM‐NHL family of proteins shares a conserved domain architecture and play crucial roles in stem cell biology, fertility, and development. This review synthesizes new insights that have revolutionized our understanding of the molecular and biological functions of TRIM‐NHL proteins. Multiple TRIM‐NHLs have been shown to bind specific RNA sequences and structures. X‐ray crystal structures of TRIM‐NHL proteins in complex with RNA ligands reveal versatile modes of RNA recognition by the NHL domain. Functional and genetic analyses show that TRIM‐NHL RNA‐binding proteins negatively regulate the protein expression from the target mRNAs that they bind. This repressive activity plays a crucial role in controlling stem cell fate in the developing brain and differentiating germline. To highlight these paradigms, we focus on several of the most‐extensively studied TRIM‐NHL proteins, specifically Drosophila and vertebrate TRIM71, among others. Brat is essential for development and regulates key target mRNAs to control differentiation of germline and neural stem cells. TRIM71 is also required for development and promotes stem cell proliferation while antagonizing differentiation. Moreover, TRIM71 can be utilized to help reprogram fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells. Recently discovered mutations in TRIM71 cause the neurodevelopmental disease congenital hydrocephalus and emphasize the importance of its RNA‐binding function in brain development. Further relevance of TRIM71 to disease pathogenesis comes from evidence linking it to several types of cancer, including liver and testicular cancer. Collectively, these advances demonstrate a primary role for TRIM‐NHL proteins in the post‐transcriptional regulation of gene expression in crucial biological processes.This article is categorized under:
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Translation > Translation Regulation
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
Predicted yeast interactome and network‐based interpretation of transcriptionally changed genes
Authors: Jin Jie , Tao Yu‐Tian , Ding Xiao‐Bao , Guo Wen‐Ping , Ruan Li , Yang Qiao‐lei , Chen Peng‐Cheng , Yao Heng , Zhang Hai‐bo , Chen Xin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae, budding yeast, is a widely used model organism and research tool in genetics studies. Many efforts have been directed at constructing a high‐quality comprehensive molecular interaction network to elucidate the design logic of the gene circuitries in this classic model organism. In this work, we present the yeast interactome resource (YIR), which includes 22,238 putative functional gene interactions inferred from functional gene association data integrated from 10 databases focusing on diverse functional perspectives. These putative functional gene interactions are expected to cover 18.84% of yeast protein interactions, and 38.49% may represent protein interactions. Based on the YIR, a gene set linkage analysis (GSLA) web tool was developed to annotate the potential functional impacts of a set of transcriptionally changed genes. In a case study, we show that the YIR/GSLA system produced more extensive and concise annotations compared with widely used gene set annotation tools, including PANTHER and DAVID. Both YIR and GSLA are accessible through the website http://yeast.biomedtzc.cn.
On the reduction of negative weights in MC@NLO-type matching procedures
Authors: Frederix R. , Frixione S. , Prestel S. , Torrielli P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We show how a careful analysis of the behaviour of a parton shower Monte Carlo in the vicinity of the soft and collinear regions allows one to formulate a modified MC@NLO-matching prescription that reduces the number of negative-weight events with respect to that stemming from the standard MC@NLO procedure. As a first practical application of such a prescription, that we dub MC@NLO-∆, we have implemented it in the MadGraph5_aMC@NLO framework, by employing the Pythia8 Monte Carlo. We present selected MC@NLO-∆ results at the 13 TeV LHC, and compare them with MC@NLO ones. We find that the former predictions are consistent with the latter ones within the typical matching systematics, and that the reduction of negative-weight events is significant.
On the phase space in Double Field Theory
Authors: Lescano Eric , Mirón-Granese Nahuel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We present a model of (double) kinetic theory which paves the way to describe matter in a Double Field Theory background. Generalized diffeomorphisms acting on double phase space tensors are introduced. The generalized covariant derivative is replaced by a generalized Liouville operator as it happens in relativistic kinetic theory. The section condition is consistently extended and the closure of the generalized transformations is still given by the C-bracket. In this context we propose a generalized Boltzmann equation and compute the moments of the latter, obtaining an expression for the generalized energy-momentum tensor and its conservation law.
A cornucopia of AdS5 vacua
Authors: Bobev Nikolay , Fischbacher Thomas , Gautason Fridrik Freyr , Pilch Krzysztof 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We report on a systematic search for AdS5 vacua corresponding to critical points of the potential in the five-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 SO(6) gauged supergravity. By employing Google’s TensorFlow Machine Learning library, we find the total of 32 critical points including 5 previously known ones. All 27 new critical points are non-supersymmetric. We compute the mass spectra of scalar fluctuatons for all points and find that the non- supersymmetric AdS5 vacua are perturbatively unstable. Many of the new critical points can be found analytically within consistent truncations of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 supergravity with respect to discrete subgroups of the S(O(6) × GL(2, ℝ)) symmetry of the potential. In par- ticular, we discuss in detail a $$ {\mathrm{\mathbb{Z}}}_2^3 $$

ℤ
2
3

-invariant truncation with 10 scalar fields and 15 critical points. We also compute explicitly the scalar potential in a $$ {\mathrm{\mathbb{Z}}}_2^2 $$

ℤ
2
2

-invariant extension of that truncation to 18 scalar fields and reproduce 17 of the 32 critical points from the numerical search. Finally, we show that the full potential as a function of 42 scalar fields can be studied analytically using the so-called solvable parametrization. In particular, we find that all critical points lie in a ℤ2-invariant subspace spanned by 22 scalar fields.
Janus on the brane
Authors: Gutperle Michael , Uhlemann Christoph F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe present a non-supersymmetric deformation of probe branes describing conformal defects of codimension two in AdS/CFT. The worldvolume of the probe branes is deformed from AdSp× S1 embedded in an AdSp+2× ℳD − p − 2 background to an embedding of Janus form, which uses an AdSp−1 slicing of AdSp and in which the brane bends along the slicing coordinate. In field theory terms this realizes conformal interfaces on codimension- two defects. We discuss these “Janus on the brane” solutions for AdS3× S1 D3-branes in the AdS5× S5 solution of Type IIB, realizing interfaces on surface defects in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM, and show that similar solutions exist for probe branes in AdSp+2× S9−p vacua of M-theory and in the AdS6× S4 solution of massive Type IIA.
Superbalance of holographic entropy inequalities
Authors: He Temple , Hubeny Veronika E. , Rangamani Mukund 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The domain of allowed von Neumann entropies of a holographic field theory carves out a polyhedral cone — the holographic entropy cone — in entropy space. Such polyhedral cones are characterized by their extreme rays. For an arbitrary number of parties, it is known that the so-called perfect tensors are extreme rays. In this work, we constrain the form of the remaining extreme rays by showing that they correspond to geometries with vanishing mutual information between any two parties, ensuring the absence of Bell pair type entanglement between them. This is tantamount to proving that besides subadditivity, all non-redundant holographic entropy inequalities are superbalanced, i.e. not only do UV divergences cancel in the inequality itself (assuming smooth entangling surfaces), but also in the purification thereof.
Composition and Shape of Hadrianic Domes
Authors: Cipriani Luca , Fantini Filippo , Bertacchi Silvia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn-depth studies on the design of the domes of the Octagonal Hall of the Small Baths and the Vestibule of the Golden Court at Hadrian’s Villa in Tivoli have been conducted starting from 3D surveys carried out with active and passive sensors. Through the comparison of the ichnographia and orthographia of these emblematic examples of architectural experimentation, common elements and features have emerged which, thanks to the integrated use of new measurement technologies, have allowed us to hypothesise dimensioning systems of the vertical structures together with possible criteria for defining the intrados–extrados relationship. Hadrian’s architects’ use of precise grid-based designs to facilitate the achievement of target quantities (required areas and volumes) as well as modules aimed at defining alignments of horizontal and vertical structures emerge clearly, providing useful elements for an integrated reading of the individual buildings to support the archaeological investigation.
Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty has higher revisions than total knee arthroplasty at long term follow-up: a registry study on 6453 prostheses
Authors: Di Martino A. , Bordini B. , Barile F. , Ancarani C. , Digennaro V. , Faldini C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyse long-term unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) focusing on survivorship, causes of failure and revision strategy.

Methods
This study is a retrospective analysis of data from a regional arthroplasty registry for cases performed between 2000 and 2017. A total of 6453 UKAs were identified and the following information was analysed: demographic data, diagnosis leading to primary implant, survivorship, complication rate, causes of failure, revision strategies. UKA registry data were compared with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) registry data of 54,012 prostheses, which were implanted in the same time period.

Results
6453 UKAs were included in the study: the vast majority of them (84.4%) were implanted due to primary osteoarthritis followed by deformity (7.1%) and necrosis of the condyle (5.1%). When compared to TKA, UKA showed lower perioperative complication rate (0.3% compared to 0.6%) but higher revision rate (18.2% at 15 years, compared to 6.2% for TKA). No correlation was found between diagnosis leading to primary implant and prosthesis survival. The most frequent cause of failure was total aseptic loosening (37.4%), followed by pain without loosening (19.8%). Of the 620 UKAs requiring revision, 485 were revised with a TKA and 61 of them required a re-revision; on the other hand, of the 35 cases where another UKA was implanted, 16 required a re-revision.

Conclusion
UKA is associated with fewer perioperative complications but higher revision rates when compared to TKA. Its survivorship is not affected by the diagnosis leading to primary implant. Revision surgery of a failed UKA should be performed implanting a TKA, which is associated with a lower re-revision rate when compared to another UKA.

Level of evidence
Level 3, therapeutic study.
A domain mapping approach for elliptic equations posed on random bulk and surface domains
Authors: Church Lewis , Djurdjevac Ana , Elliott Charles M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article, we analyse the domain mapping method approach to approximate statistical moments of solutions to linear elliptic partial differential equations posed over random geometries including smooth surfaces and bulk-surface systems. In particular, we present the necessary geometric analysis required by the domain mapping method to reformulate elliptic equations on random surfaces onto a fixed deterministic surface using a prescribed stochastic parametrisation of the random domain. An abstract analysis of a finite element discretisation coupled with a Monte-Carlo sampling is presented for the resulting elliptic equations with random coefficients posed over the fixed curved reference domain and optimal error estimates are derived. The results from the abstract framework are applied to a model elliptic problem on a random surface and a coupled elliptic bulk-surface system and the theoretical convergence rates are confirmed by numerical experiments.
Osteoporosis is a Predictive Factor for Nephrolithiasis in an Adult Free-Living Caucasian Population From Southern Italy: A Longitudinal Retrospective Study Based on a General Practice Database
Authors: Rendina Domenico , D’Elia Lanfranco , Evangelista Marco , De Filippo Gianpaolo , Giaquinto Alfonso , Barone Biagio , Piccinocchi Gaetano , Prezioso Domenico , Strazzullo Pasquale 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOsteoporosis and nephrolithiasis are common multifactorial disorders with high incidence and prevalence in the adult population worldwide. Both are associated with high morbidity and mortality if not correctly diagnosed and accurately treated. Nephrolithiasis is considered a risk factor for reduced bone mineral density. Aim of this retrospective longitudinal study was to evaluate if osteoporosis is a predictive factor for the nephrolithiasis occurrence. Free-living subjects referring to “COMEGEN” general practitioners cooperative operating in Naples, Southern Italy. Twelve thousand seven hundred ninety-four Caucasian subjects (12,165 female) who performed bone mineral density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and have a negative personal history for nephrolithiasis. Subjects aged less than 40 years or with signs or symptoms suggestive of secondary osteoporosis were excluded from the study. In a mean lapse of time of 19.5 months, 516 subjects had an incident episode of nephrolithiasis. Subjects with osteoporosis had an increased risk of nephrolithiasis than subjects without osteoporosis (Hazard Ratio = 1.33, 95% Confidence Interval 1.01–1.74, p = 0.04). Free-living adult subjects over the age of 40 with idiopathic osteoporosis have an increased risk of incident nephrolithiasis, suggesting the advisability of appropriate investigation and treatment of the metabolic alterations predisposing to nephrolithiasis in patients with osteoporosis. The study protocol was approved by the ASL Napoli 1 Ethical Committee, protocol number 0018508/2018
Differences in incubation behaviour and niche separation of two competing flycatcher species
Authors: Koski Tuuli-Marjaana , Sirkiä Päivi M. , McFarlane S. Eryn , Ålund Murielle , Qvarnström Anna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Food availability sets the stage for incubation behaviour of a female bird and thereby indirectly determines the nest temperature, which in turn affects development and metabolism of avian embryos. Changes in development and metabolism in turn are known to influence offspring’s ability to adjust to environmental changes later in life. However, few studies have investigated the role of interspecific differences in incubation behaviour in relation to niche separation between competing sibling species. We studied the effects of habitat quality (in terms of caterpillar availability) on incubation behaviour of two ecologically similar and closely related species, collared and pied flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis and F. hypoleuca), in their hybrid zone on the island of Öland, Sweden. Even though both species prefer caterpillar-rich deciduous forests as nesting sites, collared flycatchers, whose nestlings have higher energetic demands, are able to nest only in deciduous forests, whereas pied flycatchers have more flexible habitat requirements. Overall, higher food availability was associated with increased nest attendance, higher incubation temperature and a lower number of foraging trips across species. In addition, collared flycatchers had more frequent and shorter foraging trips across habitat types, allocated more heat to eggs and therefore maintained higher nest temperatures compared to pied flycatchers. We argue that the higher heat allocation or the need to maintain a higher nest temperature for embryo development may constrain collared flycatchers to focus on relatively more profitable prey. Our results highlight the importance of considering incubation behaviour in the context of understanding species differences in niche use.

Significance statement
Niche separation plays an important role in mitigating effects of competition between closely related species. Whether species differences in incubation behaviour relate to differences in niche use remains unknown. We compared incubation behaviour of two sympatric flycatcher species that differ in sensitivity to food availability. The competitively more dominant and larger species, the collared flycatcher, whose nestlings are more sensitive to food shortages, made more frequent foraging trips but allocated more heat to eggs, leading to higher nest temperature despite lower nest attendance, compared to pied flycatchers. These interspecific differences may be a result of differences in embryo sensitivity or female physiology and contribute to the niche separation between the species, which in turn can facilitate coexistence.