bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carotid Atherosclerotic Disease and Risk Factors in Patients with Ischemic Stroke – Study Report –
Authors: Mutu Cătălin Cosmin , Cerei Larisa Georgiana 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is the second frequent vascular disease after myocardial infarction, with different clinical and etiological aspects and various risk factors. Large vessel atherosclerotic disease is the most frequent IS causing pathology, followed by cerebral microangiopathy and cardioembolic events. Cervical arteries Doppler ultrasonography helps identifying the subtype of IS, and by revealing the vascular status of the patient, guides the therapeutic decision and secondary IS prevention. The aim of this paper is to present the results of an observational, retrospective, analytical study on a number of 174 patients with acute IS evaluated by Doppler carotid ultrasound in CVASIC Research Centre of Academic Emergency Hospital of Sibiu from January to December 2018. Materials and methods: All patients with IS admitted in our centre received a Doppler carotid ultrasound evaluation. We observed the degree of carotid stenosis, presence of atherosclerotic risk factors and their influence. Results: The mean age of patients was 71.3 years (36 to 92 years range). 16 (9.19%) patients presented occlusion of internal carotid artery (ICA) on the same side as stroke, 37 (21.26%) had severe carotid stenosis (>70%), 31 (17.81%) presented moderate stenosis (50-70%), the remaining patients had mild or no stenosis. 129 (74,13%) patients presented arterial hypertension, 51 (29.31%) patients had diabetes mellitus, 14 (8.04%) were smokers, 81 (46.56%) had dyslipidemia. Conclusions: A large number of patients had severe carotid stenosis and occlusion. The most common risk factor was arterial hypertension, followed by dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus. Continuous medical education of population at risk regarding good nutrition principles and healthy lifestyle are needed to reduce the social costs of ischemic stroke.
The Ultrasonographic Exam for Acute Appendicitis at Patient’s Bed
Authors: Berghea-Neamţu Cristian-Ştefan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Acute appendicitis is one of the most frequent surgical emergencies in children. The diagnosis of this condition is still a challenge for small pre-school children, and, generally, for children, as the wrong diagnosis is 28-57% for children between 2-12 years old. Therefore, the ultrasonographic exam for suspected acute appendicitis at patient’s bed (POCUS) is a necessary and useful paraclinic exam for supporting the diagnosis. The procedure has established: the quality of use in the emergency department (ED) of POCUS by the pediatric emergency doctors; the performance of ultrasonografic exam (US) in acute appendicitis (AA); reduces associated costs for imaging studies by standardization diagnosis of acute appendicitis through ultrasonographic examination. The ultrasonographic exam can be useful in evaluating children with suspected acute appendicitis and should be first choice for imaging examination. Also, it can reduce the use of CT scan and exposure to radiation, and the annual cost for imaging exams.
Complications of Open Appendectomy Versus Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Children. Comparative Assessment
Authors: Dragoman Alina , Berghea-Neamţu Cristian-Ştefan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Laparoscopic pediatric surgery (LA) is becoming a good alternative in many centres of the entire world, being associated with low risk of surgical complications and it offers a better alternative for the management of the appendectomy than open surgery. The goal of the study was to evaluate a comparative LA versus open appendectomy (OA) through the prism of the clinical results as they were reflected in specialty literature in the last two decades. In general, pediatric laparoscopic surgery has become acceptable in centres of the whole world. Many studies and meta-analyses have proven that laparoscopic surgery is a feasible and secure procedure, with many clinical benefits. Because laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) was associated with low risk of surgical complications, it may be a better alternative for appendectomy than OA.
Particularities of Nursing in Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Vulea Diana , Băcilă Ciprian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been a controversial topic, both in the general population and in the medical community since its initial implementation in 1938. Despite clinical applications and proven efficacy in psychiatric and neurological pathologies, such as schizophrenia, catatonia, psychotic disorders, depressive episodes, Parkinson’s disease and psychiatric pathological conditions that occurr during pregnancy or childbed, reluctance to apply ECT persists due to the low degree of information and professional training. The purpose of this article is to emphasize the importance of informing the medical team of the specific training in the provision of adequate nursing within the electroconvulsive therapy. These premises make an essential contribution to the smooth running of the therapeutic process. Taking into account the close interpersonal contact that the medical nurses have with the patient through the profession specifics, it is the appropriate framework to inform the patient and the family regarding the need to establish electroconvulsive therapy, the risks, but especially its benefits. In conclusion, there is a need to establish training courses for nurses so as to ensure the functioning of the therapeutic team as a unit.
Identification and Classification of Real Estate Features for the Purpose of an Algorithm-Based Valuation– Case Study within Szczecin
Authors: Kokot Sebastian , Gnat Sebastian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Research background: The article discusses the issue of the identification and measurement of market characteristics of real estate for valuation purposes. This problem is the most difficult stage of the whole valuation process in terms of both a substantive, methodological and analytical basis.

Goal: The aim of the research is to outline and explore on the basis of literature studies as well as developed problems to be solved in the process of mass valuation together with the presentation of an exemplary solution.

Methodology: In the theoretical part a hypothetical-deductive method which consists of developing a certain hypothesis and deducing its consequences was applied. The empirical section uses the method of scientific discussion among scientists and practicing valuers and, for the presentation of the results; some graphical methods were used for a statistical analysis.

Results: As a result of the conducted research, criteria to be used in identifying and classifying market characteristics for the purposes of valuation were identified and a set of market characteristics of properties was developed along with a method of identifying their states for the purposes of mass valuation.

Novelty: The article proves that the problem of the identification and classification of market characteristics of real estate for valuation purposes is extremely important from the point of view of the valuation process and the results obtained as a result of it as well. In addition, for some features, it is proposed to develop special measures such as the plot shape attractiveness ratio. This meets the problem of the objective measurement of market features of real estate. In relation to other features, the legitimacy of the expert approach was pointed out.
An Assessment of the Nexus Between Government Expenditure and Inflation in Nigeria
Authors: Oyerinde Adewale Atanda 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Research Background: The on-going debate concerning the exact relationship that exists between inflation and government expenditure especially in the long and short run prompted this research.

Purpose: The study assesses the relationship between government expenditure and inflation in Nigeria. Apart from government expenditure and inflation rate, other variables such as exchange rate and money supply are included to ensure a robust model.

Research Methodology: Secondary data from 1980 to 2017 were collected and analysed using the Johansen Cointegration analysis and vector error correction model.

Results: The results showed that apart from the bi-directional relationship that exists between the variables, there exists a strong relationship between government expenditure and inflation rate and that a significant impact is sustained from the short run through the long run. The exchange rate and money supply also exhibit a strong association with government expenditure.

Novelty: The study has underscored the importance of the inflation rate in Nigeria as it affects government spending by focusing more on inflation rather than the movement that was the focus of most of the previous studies. It has also shown the causality flow from both inflation and government expenditure, which hitherto remains contentious.
Sector Diversification of Statements of Comprehensive Income Illustrated with the Example of Entities Listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange
Authors: Prewysz-Kwinto Piotr 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Research background: The rules of preparing the statement of comprehensive income are included in the International Accounting Standard 1 “Presentation of Financial Statements” which gives a lot of freedom in the way information is presented in these documents. So the following question was asked whether the way of presenting information regarding results between enterprises representing the same industries manifests similarities or differences?

Purpose: The main aim of this paper is to verify whether despite the high level of flexibility given by IAS 1 in presenting information, the statements of comprehensive income prepared by entities belonging to the same sectors, manifest significant similarities.

Research methodology: The research covered the financial statements prepared for the financial years 2015–2017 and by almost 200 entities listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange and representing 14 different industries. The method of descriptive statistics was used in the quantitative analysis.

Results: The results obtained allowed to show many similarities in statements drawn up by entities representing the same sectors concerning among others: the forms of drawing up this document, the variant of a statement, its internal construction and presentation of other comprehensive income.

Novelty: Research on sector differentiation of information in the statement of comprehensive income on a group of entities listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange has not been conducted yet.
Information and Strategic Aspects of Financial Statements in the Assessment of their Users
Authors: Voss Grażyna 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Research background: General purpose financial statements constitute a source of financial information used by different groups of stakeholders. However, the frequency of changes concerning the form and content of reports insinuates uncertainty in relation to the credibility and thorough understanding of included information.

Purpose: The aim of the article is to verify the suitability and utilisation of financial statements in decision-making processes and evaluation of their reliability as assessed by unit managers and tax advisors.

Research methodology: In the first half of 2018 a survey was conducted among 60 tax advisors concerned with legal and tax services of economic entities and an identical survey was conducted among 60 managers of entities recognised as big economic entities functioning in the area of Kuyavian-Pomeranian and Pomeranian Voivodships.

Results: The surveys conducted in selected groups of stakeholders make it possible to indicate the areas in which the presented contents are not fully used and do not provide any basis for them to be recognised as compatible with the rules of ethics.

Novelty: For the first time, questionnaires were conducted in various groups of users of financial statements, they determined the level of their interest in particular elements of the report and the principles of accounting ethics.
Psychological correlates of nonspecific electrodermal responses
Authors: Bari Dindar S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Spontaneous fluctuations in electrodermal responses are known as nonspecific electrodermal responses (NS.EDRs). The use of NS.EDRs as a tool in applied psychophysiological research has resulted in a variety of publications. NS.EDRs are examined separately as associated with the (as a biomarker of) levels of anxiety. The aim of this study was to compare changes (in terms of amplitude, frequency and time components) in NS.EDRs at two different (pre and post of an external stimulus) resting phases. NS.EDRs (nonspecific skin conductance responses (NS.SCRs), nonspecific skin potential responses (NS.SPRs), and nonspecific skin susceptance responses (NS.SSRs)) were recorded from 50 apparently healthy volunteers simultaneously at the same skin area. They were scored as NS.SCRs and NS.SSRs for changes greater than 0.02 μS and NS.SPRs greater than 0.02 mV. It was found that NS.EDRs, in particular NS.SCRs and NS.SPRs, were significantly changed in the second resting period, following the specific stimulus. More specifically, the amplitude of NS.EDRs were significantly decreased for NS.SCRs (p<0.001) and for NS.SPRs (p<0.005), but NS.SSRs remained stable. Moreover, the rise time of NS.SCRs was decreased in the second resting time. Furthermore, the frequency of responses was also changed. The computed NS.EDRs, in particular NS.SCRs and NS.SPRs could be of psychological interest and be used to study the electrodermal responses in detail. NS.SSRs were found to be robust with respect to nonspecific stimuli at various relaxation periods and their role was found to be less important in analysis of NS.EDRs in comparison to NS.SCRs and NS.SPRs at low frequency (20 Hz AC current). This should be considered in analysis of NS.EDRs. The computed NS.EDRs, especially NS.SCRs and NS.SPRs may be used as a useful measure of arousal due to their fast response and sensitivity to nonspecific stimuli and may also be used in assessment of individual differences.
Probing for stomach using the Focused Impedance Method (FIM)
Authors: Haque Rashida , Kadir Muhammad Abdul , Rabbani K Siddique-e 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
For probing deep organs of the body using electrical impedance, the conventional method is to use Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT). However, this would be a sophisticated machine and will be very expensive when a full 3D EIT is developed in the future. Furthermore, for most low income countries such expensive devices may not deliver the benefits to a large number of people. Therefore, this paper suggests the use of simpler techniques like Tetrapolar Impedance Measurement (TPIM) or Focused Impedance Method (FIM) in probing deeper organs. Following a method suggested earlier by one of the authors, this paper studies the possibility of using TPIM and FIM for the stomach. Using a simplified model of the human trunk with an embedded stomach, a finite element simulation package, COMSOL, was used to obtain transfer impedance values and percentage contribution of the stomach region in the total impedance. For this work, judicious placement of electrodes through qualitative visualizations based on point sensitivity equations and equipotential concepts were made, which showed that reasonable contribution of the stomach region is possible through the use of TPIM and FIM. The contributions were a little over 20% which is of similar order of the cross-sectional area percentage of the stomach with respect to that of the trunk. For the case where the conductivity of the stomach region was assumed about 4 times higher, the contributions increased to about 38%. Through further studies this proposed methods may contribute greatly in the study of deeper organs of the body.
Questioning the aloe vera plant and apple memristors
Authors: Pabst Oliver , Andersen Steinar , Bhatti Soban Ali , Brevik Jørgen , Fallaas Simen Anthony , Fjeldstad Mads , Gubaidulin Artiom , Madsen Kjetil Vermundsen , Nomedal Mats Ricardo , Slettemoen Sondre Fortun , Adriaenssens Halvard Yri , Hansen Sean Andre , Myrvik Tommy , Rostad Eivind , Skår Torleif , Tuv Kristian , Wood Sebastian Edmund Pedersen , Åsen Daniel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Non-linear electrical properties of a (biological) tissue can be revealed by non-linear electrical measurements, which means that the applied stimulus itself affects the measurement. If resulting voltage–current plots exhibit pinched hysteresis loops, the underlying tissue may be classified as a memristor, a state dependent resistor. The aloe vera plant and apples have been found to be memristors. However, polarization processes on the electrodes are also non-linear and may affect the measurement. Apples and aloe vera conduct electrical current very well and it is likely that the recordings are actually dominated by the polarization impedance of the electrodes. Here, we study the non-linear properties of aloe vera and apples with two different measurement electrode types. Furthermore, we measured also on the extracted liquids from one aloe vera leaf and one apple, leading to similar results. We concluded, unlike previous studies on these subjects, that the memristive properties originate from electrochemical reactions on the electrodes rather than the apples or aloe vera themselves.
Constitutional Resilience Between Rupture of History and Continuity of Resistance
Authors: Magliacane Alessia J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The overture of the paper provides a brief survey of the philosophical positions (from Aristotle to the contemporary debate) focusing the conjecture of the legal and constitutional continuum as a problematic presupposition of theories of constituent power. The positions of the authors that we can call as continuist authors (up to Kelsen and the neo-normativism, including Soviet jurists and theorists of the constitutional cycles) constitutes the dominant part of the theoretical evolution. We discuss it (respectfully) even if we openly criticize it, with a peculiar debate involving that other position called as discontinuist (whose authors are especially Marxists philosophers, anti-fascist intellectuals like Piero Gobetti, and their references in philosophy such as Leibniz and Vico).
In the first movement of the paper, we reconstruct the equivoque at the basis of the conjecture of the continuum. It corresponds to a «three-time» scheme of constitutional dynamics: (revolutionary) rupture – transition – constitution. This structure makes useless (conceptually unusable, and perhaps sources of logical contradictions) both rupture and transition.
The second and final movement underlines the theoretical demand to consider the transition and the constitution as coextensive domains. Transition is, in other words, already Constitution, and the constitution is always a transition. To the latter ones, we introduce and add another phenomenon characterizing the historical phase of the transition, namely the Resistance.
The fact of resistance escapes the constitutionalisation, and imposes upon the latter a necessary character of transition.
Immutable Values – Durability of the Constitution from a Historical Perspective and Contemporary
Authors: Szymański Łukasz 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
On the dogmatic basis, many constitutional classifications stand out, some of them have been functioning for hundreds of years based on a few basic statements, others update in different intervals temporal internal political forces of individual states. Factors influencing the durability of basic legal acts are numerous and diverse. The assumption of the construction of constitutional acts is their durability and rigidity of the rules they regulate. The features of constitutional laws are the invariability of provisions, the scope and detail of regulations, the degree of public involvement in the process of making them, and superiority in relation to other legal acts established by state authorities. It seems impossible to indicate the factors implying the necessity to make changes in the basic acts. However, one may wonder how much influence on their functioning exerts, for example, changes in the system of international forces and international law, ongoing armed conflicts or international integration processes. The aim of the article is to indicate the catalog of factors determining the constitution’s durability as a fundamental legal act in the state. The author would like to answer the question whether it is possible in the rapidly changing modern world to maintain the basic principles from a few or several decades ago. The comparative analysis will be based on the indicated objective of the basic laws of selected countries.
Constitutional Tribunal in an Argument with the President, Government and Parliament of the Polish Republic in 2015
Authors: Górski Grzegorz , Górska-Szymczak Joanna 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The judicial decision of the Constitutional Tribunal from 3rd December 2015 (K/34/15) is the subject of the analysis. In this case the Tribunal considered the matter of the constitutional character of the act on the Constitutional Tribunal from June 2015.
The authors focused on the question of justification of the Tribunal opinion regarding the regulations which were the basis for the appointment of five judges of the Constitutional Tribunal by the Sejm of VII term.
While discussing the justification of the Tribunal the authors emphasize that the Tribunal justified its opinion, according to which it acknowledged the constitutional basis for the appointment of three individuals and questioned the constitutional character of the same regulations in case of two others, in an entirely superficial manner.
The authors present as a significant element of their reasoning the circumstances of adopting by the American Supreme Court in 1803 the adjudication in the Marbury v. Madison case in order to emphasize in this context the weight of rational and thorough argumentation of the grave constitutional matters. Taking the above into account, it is even more clearly visible that in the discussed judicial decision the Constitutional Tribunal limited its reaction to the laconic set of arguments regarding this key matter.