bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating connectivity into conservation planning for the optimal representation of multiple species and ecosystem services
Authors: Williams Sara H. , Scriven Sarah A. , Burslem David F. R. P. , Hill Jane K. , Reynolds Glen , Agama Agnes L. , Kugan Frederick , Maycock Colin R. , Khoo Eyen , Hastie Alexander Y. L. , Sugau John B. , Nilus Reuben , Pereira Joan T. , Tsen Sandy L. T. , Lee Leung Y. , Juiling Suzika , Hodgson Jenny A. , Cole Lydia E. S. , Asner Gregory P. , Evans Luke J. , Brodie Jedediah F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConservation planning tends to focus on protecting species’ ranges or landscape connectivity but seldom both—particularly in the case of diverse taxonomic assemblages and multiple planning goals. Therefore, information on potential trade‐offs between maintaining landscape connectivity and achieving other conservation objectives is lacking. We developed an optimization approach to prioritize the maximal protection of species’ ranges, ecosystem types, and forest carbon stocks, while also including habitat connectivity for range‐shifting species and dispersal corridors to link protected area. We applied our approach to Sabah, Malaysia, where the state government mandated an increase in protected‐area coverage of approximately 305,000 ha but did not specify where new protected areas should be. Compared with a conservation planning approach that did not incorporate the 2 connectivity features, our approach increased the protection of dispersal corridors and elevational connectivity by 13% and 21%, respectively. Coverage of vertebrate and plant species’ ranges and forest types were the same whether connectivity was included or excluded. Our approach protected 2% less forest carbon and 3% less butterfly range than when connectivity features were not included. Hence, the inclusion of connectivity into conservation planning can generate large increases in the protection of landscape connectivity with minimal loss of representation of other conservation targets.
Growth‐inducing infrastructure represents transformative yet ignored keystone environmental decisions
Authors: Johnson Chris J. , Venter Oscar , Ray Justina C. , Watson James E. M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAs the defining force of the Anthropocene, human enterprise is reshaping Earth's surface and climate. As part of that process, growth‐inducing infrastructure, such as electrical transmission lines, export facilities, and roads, presents nonincremental changes in where and how natural resources are exploited. These projects open intact areas, induce or intensify industrial development, and accelerate carbon emissions. The direct impacts of large‐scale infrastructure are widely acknowledged and policy and legislation exists to account for them in environmental decisions. Yet, decision makers often ignore the secondary, growth‐induced effects, even though they can outweigh the impacts of the initial development. Given the extensive area and magnitude of such impacts, we argue that regulatory or funding approvals for growth‐inducing infrastructure represent keystone decisions. Credible approval processes require the consideration of the full range of impacts resulting from the ensuing growth. This will necessitate a shift in assessment thinking, from the traditional focus on the immediate project footprint to one that recognizes the sustainability implications of approving infrastructure that will transform the trajectory of development at regional and national scales. We identify the characteristics of growth‐inducing infrastructure and provide an overview of methods and policy that can facilitate a deliberate assessment of these keystone decisions.
MLL1 promotes myogenesis by epigenetically regulating Myf5
Authors: Cai Shufang , Zhu Qi , Guo Cilin , Yuan Renqiang , Zhang Xumeng , Nie Yaping , Chen Luxi , Fang Ying , Chen Keren , Zhang Junyan , Mo Delin , Chen Yaosheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesMixed lineage leukaemia protein‐1 (MLL1) mediates histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) trimethylation (me3) and plays vital roles during early embryonic development and hematopoiesis. In our previous study, we found its expression was positively correlated with embryonic myogenic ability in pigs, indicating its potential roles in mammalian muscle development. The present work aimed to explore the roles and regulation mechanisms of MLL1 in myogenesis.Materials and methodsThe expression of MLL1 in C2C12 cells was experimentally manipulated using small interfering RNAs (siRNA). 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, cell cycle assay, immunofluorescence, qRT‐PCR and Western blot were performed to assess myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was conducted to detect H3K4me3 enrichment on myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) promoter. A cardiotoxin (CTX)‐mediated muscle regeneration model was used to investigate the effects of MLL1 on myogenesis in vivo.ResultsMLL1 was highly expressed in proliferating C2C12 cells, and expression decreased after differentiation. Knocking down MLL1 suppressed myoblast proliferation and impaired myoblast differentiation. Furthermore, knockdown of MLL1 resulted in the arrest of cell cycle in G1 phase, with decreased expressions of Myf5 and Cyclin D1. Mechanically, MLL1 transcriptionally regulated Myf5 by mediating H3K4me3 on its promoter. In vivo data implied that MLL1 was required for Pax7‐positive satellite cell proliferation and muscle repair.ConclusionMLL1 facilitates proliferation of myoblasts and Pax7‐positive satellite cells by epigenetically regulating Myf5 via mediating H3K4me3 on its promoter.
Skeleton Preparation Best Practices in the Modern Museum: The Dermestid Approach
Authors: Pahl Aaron 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDermestid beetles are a museums secret powerhouse of skeletal cleaning that have been employed by museums for over 100 years. They are cost‐effective, efficient, and an environmentally friendly method that can double as a fascinating exhibit for the general public. This article serves as an update on the best practices of caring for a dermestid beetle colony and dispels some common misconceptions regarding the limitations to beetle usage. One of the most common arguments is that dermestid beetles should not be fed fresh meat, instead, the meat should be dried before being given to the beetles. However, this is an unnecessary step that increases time and has the potential to introduce other insects or contaminants into the colony.
Tatton‐Brown‐Rahman syndrome: cognitive and behavioural phenotypes
Authors: Lane Chloe , Tatton‐Brown Katrina , Freeth Megan 
Published: December 2019

The aim of this case series was to assess and characterize cognitive abilities, autistic traits, and adaptive behaviour in Tatton‐Brown‐Rahman syndrome (TBRS). The sample included 18 individuals with a clinical and genetic diagnosis of TBRS (11 males, seven females; mean age 17y 7mo, SD 9y 5mo, range 7y 2mo–33y 10mo). The British Ability Scales, Third Edition and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS‐2) were administered to all participants. The Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition and the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales, Third Edition were completed by a parent/caregiver. The majority of participants (n=15) had intellectual disability and General Conceptual Ability scores ranged from 39 to 76 (mean 53.17, SD 12.13). Participants displayed a profile of better verbal ability compared with non‐verbal reasoning ability and spatial ability. Autistic traits were prevalent and eight participants scored above the cut‐off on the ADOS‐2, although symptoms were less pronounced in older individuals. Adaptive functioning was impaired but commensurate with intellectual ability. Overall, TBRS is associated with an uneven cognitive profile and a high prevalence of autistic traits. This has implications for identifying appropriate services and support that may be beneficial for individuals with TBRS.What this paper adds

Tatton‐Brown‐Rahman syndrome is associated with intellectual disability and impaired adaptive functioning.

Autistic traits were prevalent within the sample.

Lower intellectual ability and adaptive behaviour were associated with greater severity of autistic traits.
The three faces of takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a single patient
Authors: Janus Scott E. , Hoit Brian D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhile the classical apical ballooning takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) was first reported in the 1990s, the rarer mid‐ventricular and basal variants were not formally recognized until recently and they remain poorly understood. In this case report, we describe a 67‐year‐old woman who, during her hospitalization for a subarachnoid hemorrhage and subsequent readmission, experienced multiple complications, each of which resulted in a different variant of TC. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a single patient developing all three variants of TC.
Use of eltrombopag for patients 65 years old or older with immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: González‐López Tomás José , Sánchez‐González Blanca , Jarque Isidro , Bernat Silvia , Fernández‐Fuertes Fernando , Caparrós Isabel , Soto Inmaculada , Fernández‐Rodríguez Angeles , Bolaños Estefanía , Pérez‐Rus Gloria , Pascual Cristina , Hernández‐Rivas José Angel , López‐Ansoar Elsa , Gómez‐Nuñez Marta , Martínez‐Robles Violeta , Olivera Pavel , Yera Cobo Maria , Peñarrubia María Jesús , Fernández‐Miñano Carmen , de Cabo Erik , Martínez Badas María Paz , Perdomo Germán , García‐Frade Luis Javier 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundEltrombopag is useful for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). However, results of clinical trials may not accurately mirror clinical practice reality. Here we evaluated eltrombopag for primary and secondary ITP in our ≥65‐year‐old population.MethodsA total of 106 primary ITP patients (16 with newly diagnosed ITP, 16 with persistent ITP, and 74 with chronic ITP) and 39 secondary ITP patients (20 with ITP secondary to immune disorders, 7 with ITP secondary to infectious diseases, and 12 with ITP secondary to lymphoproliferative disorders [LPD]) were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsMedian age of our cohort was 76 (interquartile range, IQR, 70‐81) years. 75.9% of patients yielded a platelet response including 66.2% complete responders. Median time to platelet response was 14 (IQR, 8‐21) days. Median time on response was 320 (IQR, 147‐526) days. Sixty‐three adverse events (AEs), mainly grade 1‐2, occurred. The most common were hepatobiliary laboratory abnormalities (HBLAs) and headaches. One transient ischemic attack in a newly diagnosed ITP and two self‐limited pulmonary embolisms in secondary ITP were the only thrombotic events observed.ConclusionEltrombopag showed efficacy and safety in ITP patients aged ≥65 years with primary and secondary ITP. However, efficacy results in LPD‐ITP were poor. A relatively high number of deaths were observed.
Permafrost soil complexity evaluated by laboratory imaging Vis‐NIR spectroscopy
Authors: Mueller Carsten W. , Steffens Markus , Buddenbaum Henning 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe biogeochemical functioning of soils (e.g., soil carbon stabilization and nutrient cycling) is determined at the interfaces of specific soil structures (e.g., aggregates, particulate organic matter (POM) and organo‐mineral associations). With the growing accessibility of spectromicroscopic techniques, there is an increase in nano‐ to microscale analyses of biogeochemical interfaces at the process scale, reaching from the distribution of elements and isotopes to the localization of microorganisms. A widely used approach to study intact soil structures is the fixation and embedding of intact soil samples in resin and the subsequent analyses of soil cross‐sections using spectromicroscopic techniques. However, it is still challenging to link such microscale approaches to larger scales at which normally bulk soil analyses are conducted. Here we report on the use of laboratory imaging Vis–NIR spectroscopy on resin embedded soil sections and a procedure for supervised image classification to determine the microscale soil structure arrangement, including the quantification of soil organic matter fractions. This approach will help to upscale from microscale spectromicroscopic techniques to the centimetre and possibly pedon scale. Thus, we demonstrate a new approach to integrate microscale soil analyses into pedon‐scale conceptual and experimental approaches.Highlights
Quantification of soil constituents using Vis‐NIR spectroscopy.
New approach to use resin embedded soil core sections with intact structure.
Reproducible quantification of soil constituents important for soil carbon storage.
Vis‐NIR as promising tool for upscaling from microscale to pdeon scale.
Studying the spatial and temporal changes in aeolian sand transport in a wind tunnel using 3D terrestrial laser scanning
Authors: Wang Xuesong , Zhang Chunlai , Cen Songbo , Dai Yujie , Zou Xueyong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe spatial and temporal changes in aeolian sand transport are important in modelling wind erosion and parameterizing sand dunes and ripples. In this study, we explored the wind erosion processes that occur in sand beds using a Trimble 3D laser scanner. We found that the erosion intensity varied with distance along the sand bed and that the sand bed surface could be divided into three zones. In the pre‐bowl zone, the sand bed surface showed small and uniform variation, indicating weak erosion intensity in this zone. Downwind of the pre‐bowl zone, the bowl zone developed where the sand surface was eroded seriously and a kind of morphology analogous to blowouts occurred. The post‐bowl zone, which followed the bowl zone, was characterized by alternating accumulation and erosion. Wind velocity affected the spatial development of this bed morphology, whereas the erosion duration only affected the erosion depth. We developed an equation of the form QL = Qsat/(1 + e(−10(L‐s)/k)) to describe the relationship between sediment flux (QL) and bed length (L) in the pre‐bowl and bowl zones and found the fitting coefficients R2 were very high (1.0, 0.98, 0.97 at wind velocities 10.0, 11.0 and 12.0 m s−1, respectively). Using a fine spatial resolution for the measurements revealed features of the sand flux profile that were missed at coarser resolution. However, it will be necessary to use a longer sand bed to study the full length of the post‐bowl zone.Highlights
The erosion intensity at different sites of the sand bed was studied.
The roughness of the bed surface increased with increasing erosion duration.
A sigmoid curve could describe the changes of erosion along the fetch length.
Dialogue as Debate: Interfaith Conversations Based on the Concept of Vāda
Authors: Baindur Meera 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPhilosophical and religious traditions of the Indian subcontinent had a special form of dialogue (formal debate) called vāda that sought to fulfil the function of reflective and critical thinking when in dialogue within themselves and with each other. These were used as literary tropes in textual commentaries as well as in oral contexts of teaching and debate. In this essay, I discuss the philosophical background of vāda and its description and nuances. I firmly believe that this philosophical tradition of dialogue in Indian traditions of thought, among the various sects within the Hindu fold as well as with Buddhist and Jaina faiths, could inform interfaith dialogue. A variant of this form of debate or dialogue between different and often varying faiths can be a cause for a deeper and radical engagement, not only with other faiths but also as an exercise in self‐reflectivity of religious traditions.
Why preen others? Predictors of allopreening in parrots and corvids and comparisons to grooming in great apes
Authors: Morales Picard Alejandra , Mundry Roger , Auersperg Alice M. , Boeving Emily R. , Boucherie Palmyre H. , Bugnyar Thomas , Dufour Valérie , Emery Nathan J. , Federspiel Ira G. , Gajdon Gyula K. , Guéry Jean‐Pascal , Hegedič Matjaž , Horn Lisa , Kavanagh Eithne , Lambert Megan L. , Massen Jorg J. M. , Rodrigues Michelle A. , Schiestl Martina , Schwing Raoul , Szabo Birgit , Taylor Alex H. , van Horik Jayden O. , von Bayern Auguste M. P. , Seed Amanda , Slocombe Katie E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAllogrooming in primates serves not only a hygienic function, but also plays a crucial role in maintaining strong affiliative bonds between group members, which in turn, underpin the emergence of cooperative behavior. In contrast, although allopreening occurs in many avian species, we know little about its social functions. Our study addresses this issue by investigating allopreening in a broad comparative data set including six corvid and nine parrot species. We assessed whether rates of allopreening initiations, proportion of time spent allopreening, and the number of grooming partners in captive group‐housed birds were comparable to patterns observed in captive chimpanzees and bonobos. While parrots and corvids were found to have similar rates of social grooming to bonobos and chimpanzees,Panspecies dedicated significantly more time to social grooming. Animals in larger groups had more grooming partners, but when controlling for the number of potential partners, birds tended to have fewer grooming interaction partners thanPanspecies. We then investigated whether allopreening in parrots and corvids was predicted by behavioral markers of affiliative social bonds (close physical proximity, active feeding, and low levels of agonistic behavior). Results revealed that providing allopreening to a partner was significantly predicted by often being in close proximity, but not engagement in active feeding or agonistic behavior. We examined the region allopreened in a subset of species and found that preening a partner's head was predicted by both close physical proximity and active feeding, while body allopreening was only predicted by close physical proximity. Head preening may confer more hygienic benefits to recipients, and thus, may be more selectively provided to valued partners. Results support the hypothesis that allopreening in corvids and parrots helps maintain social bonds with an individual's most important social partners, showing some similarities to allogrooming in primates.
Dexmedetomidine attenuates LPS‐mediated BV2 microglia cells inflammation via inhibition of glycolysis
Authors: Meng Fufeng , Yu Wenhua , Duan Wenming , Wang Tianhai , Liu Yahua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMicroglia inflammation induces pro‐inflammatory cytokines and pro‐inflammatory enzymes expression, thus leading to inflammation‐mediated neuronal cell death. Increased intracellular glycolysis participates in LPS‐mediated microglia inflammation. Dexmedetomidine exhibits neuroprotective effects in some situations. In this study, we mainly focused on whether and how dexmedetomidine inhibits LPS‐mediated cellular glycolysis and inflammation in BV2 cells. LPS induced pro‐inflammatory cytokines and pro‐inflammatory enzymes expression, and increased glycolysis capacity in BV2 cells. Moreover, inhibition of glycolysis by 2DG attenuated LPS‐induced pro‐inflammatory cytokines and pro‐inflammatory enzymes expression. Moreover, LPS upregulated hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) expression and decreased sirt1 expression. Dexmedetomidine counteracted these effects induced by LPS. Further, 2‐methoxyestradiol, a HIF1α inhibitor, could inhibit LPS‐mediated glycolysis and inflammation in BV2 cells, which was similar to the effects of dexmedetomidine. In addition, these effects of dexmedetomidine could be reversed by EX527, a sirt1 inhibitor. The present study indicated that dexmedetomidine, via upregulation of sirt1 expression, inhibited HIF‐1α expression and glycolysis, thus reducing LPS‐mediated inflammation in BV2 cells.
Does biofilm origin matter? Biofilm responses to non‐flow period in permanent and temporary streams
Authors: Timoner Xisca , Colls Miriam , Salomón Samia M. , Oliva Francesc , Acuña Vicenç , Sabater Sergi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

In some regions, climate change is increasing the variability of rainfall and the frequency of extreme events such as drought. Consequently, non‐flow periods have grown in length and frequency, both in temporary and in formerly permanent streams. Water abstraction for human use may further prolong these dry periods.

We analysed the resistance and resilience of biofilms from permanent and temporary streams to non‐flow conditions. This was achieved by exposing cobbles (collected from permanent and temporary streams) with intact biofilm to 31 days of non‐flow, followed by 20 days of stream flow in artificial stream channels. Biofilm resistance and resilience were assessed at a structural (algal biomass, pigment composition, and algae and cyanobacteria composition) and functional level (photosynthetic efficiency and community metabolism).

Algal taxa in biofilms from permanent and temporary streams differed throughout the experiment. Biofilms from permanent streams were less resistant to non‐flow than those from temporary streams at structural level. Permanent stream biofilms also presented lower resilience at a structural level, but responded similarly to temporary stream biofilms at a functional level.

Our investigation shows how the non‐flow period disturbed permanent stream biofilms, and suggests that temporary stream biofilms will have greater adaptive capacity as hydroperiod becomes shorter due to climate change.
Dietary fatty acids promote sleep through a taste‐independent mechanism
Authors: Pamboro Estelle L. S. , Brown Elizabeth B. , Keene Alex C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConsumption of foods that are high in fat contribute to obesity and metabolism‐related disorders. Dietary lipids are comprised of triglycerides and fatty acids, and the highly palatable taste of dietary fatty acids promotes food consumption, activates reward centers in mammals and underlies hedonic feeding. Despite the central role of dietary fats in the regulation of food intake and the etiology of metabolic diseases, little is known about how fat consumption regulates sleep. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, provides a powerful model system for the study of sleep and metabolic traits, and flies potently regulate sleep in accordance with food availability. To investigate the effects of dietary fats on sleep regulation, we have supplemented fatty acids into the diet of Drosophila and measured their effects on sleep and activity. We found that flies fed a diet of hexanoic acid, a medium‐chain fatty acid that is a by‐product of yeast fermentation, slept more than flies starved on an agar diet. To assess whether dietary fatty acids regulate sleep through the taste system, we assessed sleep in flies with a mutation in the hexanoic acid receptor Ionotropic receptor 56D, which is required for fatty acid taste perception. We found that these flies also sleep more than agar‐fed flies when fed a hexanoic acid diet, suggesting the sleep promoting effect of hexanoic acid is not dependent on sensory perception. Taken together, these findings provide a platform to investigate the molecular and neural basis for fatty acid‐dependent modulation of sleep.