bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aggressive mimicry in a coral reef fish: The prey's view
Authors: Pierotti Michele E. R. , Wandycz Anna , Wandycz Pawel , Rebelein Anja , Corredor Vitor H. , Tashiro Juliana H. , Castillo Armando , Wcislo William T. , McMillan W. Owen , Loew Ellis R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince all forms of mimicry are based on perceptual deception, the sensory ecology of the intended receiver is of paramount importance to test the necessary precondition for mimicry to occur, that is, model‐mimic misidentification, and to gain insight in the origin and evolutionary trajectory of the signals. Here we test the potential for aggressive mimicry by a group of coral reef fishes, the color polymorphic Hypoplectrus hamlets, from the point of view of their most common prey, small epibenthic gobies and mysid shrimp. We build visual models based on the visual pigments and spatial resolution of the prey, the underwater light spectrum and color reflectances of putative models and their hamlet mimics. Our results are consistent with one mimic‐model relationship between the butter hamlet H. unicolor and its model the butterflyfish Chaetodon capistratus but do not support a second proposed mimic‐model pair between the black hamlet H. nigricans and the dusky damselfish Stegastes adustus. We discuss our results in the context of color morphs divergence in the Hypoplectrus species radiation and suggest that aggressive mimicry in H. unicolor might have originated in the context of protective (Batesian) mimicry by the hamlet from its fish predators rather than aggressive mimicry driven by its prey.
Geographic patterns of Lucanus (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) species diversity and environmental determinants in China
Authors: Chen Dan , Cao Li‐Jun , Zhao Jin‐Ling , Wan Xia , Wei Shu‐Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClarifying the geographic patterns of species diversity and the determinant factors can provide essential information for species conservation and management. Stag beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) of Lucanus are important saproxylic insects and can be used for biomonitoring forests. Most of Lucanus species are facing conservation concerns due to their limited distribution and fragmented habitats, particularly in China, which has the richest species diversity of this genus. The distribution patterns of species diversity of Lucanus at large spatial scales remain portly understood. We studied the distribution patterns of Lucanus and its environmental and geographic determinants in China. Distribution data for 72 species and subspecies were examined. All these species are distributed in southern China except for Lucanus maculifemoratus dybowskyi, which is mainly distributed in north China. The hotspot for Lucanus in China is southeastern Tibet. Our study indicated that the species richness of Lucanus in China was shaped by the precipitation of the wettest and driest month, net primary productivity, digital elevation model, and latitude at a large scale. These variables collectively explained 56.2% of the variation in species richness; precipitation contributed the most (44.1%). Our results provide valuable insights to improve the conservation of Lucanus and can contribute to furthering our understanding of the biogeography of stag beetles in China.
Endothelial dysfunction and the risk of heart failure in a community‐based study: the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Ärnlöv Johan , Sang Yingying , Ballew Shoshana H. , Vaidya Dhananjay , Michos Erin D. , Jacobs David R. , Lima Joao , Shlipak Michael G. , Bertoni Alain G. , Coresh Josef , Blaha Michael , Post Wendy S. , Matsushita Kunihiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsWe aimed to investigate the association between endothelial dysfunction, assessed by brachial flow‐mediated dilation (FMD), and the incidence of heart failure (HF) in the community‐based Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Methods and resultsBrachial artery FMD was measured in a nested case‐cohort sample including 3496 of 6814 Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants without prevalent cardiovascular disease (mean age 61 years, 50% women). Multivariable probability‐weighted Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to examine the association between FMD and incident HF. We also investigated the association between FMD and HF with reduced vs. preserved ejection fraction [HFrEF (left ventricular ejection fraction <45%) vs. HFpEF (left ventricular ejection fraction ≥45%)]. During follow‐up (median 12 years), 149 participants developed incident HF (incidence rate 3.7 events per 1000 person years). There were 56 HFrEF and 69 HFpEF events (incidence rates 1.4 and 1.7 events per 1000 person years, respectively). In multivariable models adjusted for established HF risk factors (age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment, heart rate, diabetes mellitus, history of myocardial infarction, current smoker, and former smoker status), individuals in the highest quartile of FMD (reflecting better endothelial function) had a lower HF risk compared with individuals in the lowest quartile [hazard ratio 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31–0.95]. Lower risk according to higher FMD was particularly evident for HFrEF, but not for HFpEF (hazard ratio per standard deviation increase 0.79, 95% CI 0.64–0.97 vs. 0.99, 95% CI 0.78–1.26, respectively). Results remained similar after adjustment for baseline natriuretic peptide levels. The addition of FMD to established HF risk factors generally rendered no or only modest improvement in C‐statistics [C‐statistics for model with established HF risk factors: 0.774, and with the addition of FMD: 0.776 (delta C 0.002, 95% confidence interval −0.002 to 0.006)].ConclusionsEndothelial dysfunction was independently associated with HF in this community cohort, suggesting a pathophysiological contribution of endothelial function to the development of HF, in particular HFrEF. However, the value of FMD measurements for HF risk prediction seems limited.
Efficacy and safety of tafamidis doses in the Tafamidis in Transthyretin Cardiomyopathy Clinical Trial (ATTR‐ACT) and long‐term extension study
Authors: Damy Thibaud , Garcia‐Pavia Pablo , Hanna Mazen , Judge Daniel P. , Merlini Giampaolo , Gundapaneni Balarama , Patterson Terrell A. , Riley Steven , Schwartz Jeffrey H. , Sultan Marla B. , Witteles Ronald 
Published: October 2020

AimsTafamidis is an effective treatment for transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR‐CM) in the Tafamidis in Transthyretin Cardiomyopathy Clinical Trial (ATTR‐ACT). While ATTR‐ACT was not designed for a dose‐specific assessment, further analysis from ATTR‐ACT and its long‐term extension study (LTE) can guide determination of the optimal dose.Methods and resultsIn ATTR‐ACT, patients were randomized (2:1:2) to tafamidis 80 mg, 20 mg, or placebo for 30 months. Patients completing ATTR‐ACT could enrol in the LTE (with placebo‐treated patients randomized to tafamidis 80 or 20 mg; 2:1) and all patients were subsequently switched to high‐dose tafamidis. All‐cause mortality was assessed in ATTR‐ACT combined with the LTE (median follow‐up 51 months). In ATTR‐ACT, the combination of all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular‐related hospitalizations over 30 months was significantly reduced with tafamidis 80 mg (P = 0.0030) and 20 mg (P = 0.0048) vs. placebo. All‐cause mortality vs. placebo was reduced with tafamidis 80 mg [Cox hazards model (95% confidence interval): 0.690 (0.487–0.979), P = 0.0378] and 20 mg [0.715 (0.450–1.137), P = 0.1564]. The mean (standard error) change in N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide from baseline to Month 30 was −1170.51 (587.31) (P = 0.0468) with tafamidis 80 vs. 20 mg. In ATTR‐ACT combined with the LTE there was a significantly greater survival benefit with tafamidis 80 vs. 20 mg [0.700 (0.501–0.979), P = 0.0374]. Incidence of adverse events in both tafamidis doses were comparable to placebo.ConclusionTafamidis, both 80 and 20 mg, effectively reduced mortality and cardiovascular‐related hospitalizations in patients with ATTR‐CM. The longer‐term survival data and the lack of dose‐related safety concerns support tafamidis 80 mg as the optimal dose.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01994889; NCT02791230.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPE18 protein inhibits MHC class II antigen presentation and B cell response in mice
Authors: Dolasia Komal , Nazar Faiza , Mukhopadhyay Sangita 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPPE18 protein belongs to PE/PPE family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We reported earlier that PPE18 protein provides survival advantage to M. tuberculosis during infection. In the current study, we found that PPE18 inhibits MHC class II‐mediated antigen presentation by macrophages in a dose‐dependent manner without affecting the surface level of MHC class II or co‐stimulatory molecules. PPE18 does not affect antigen uptake or presentation of preprocessed peptide by macrophages. Antigen degradation was found to be inhibited by PPE18 protein due to perturbation in phagolysosomal acidification. PPE18‐mediated inhibition of MHC class II antigen presentation caused poorer activation of CD4 T cells. Mice infected with M. smegmatis expressing PPE18 exhibited reduced maturation and activation of B cells and had decreased Mycobacteria‐specific antibody titers. Thus M. tuberculosis probably utilizes PPE18 to inhibit MHC class II antigen presentation causing poorer activation of adaptive immune responses. This study may be useful in understanding host–pathogen interaction and open up directions of designing novel therapeutics targeting PPE18 to tackle this nefarious pathogen.
Design of home load management system for load rationing in Pakistan
Authors: Butt Muhammad Bilal , Dilshad Saad , Abas Naeem , Rauf Shoaib , Saleem Muhammad Shoaib 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe fast‐growing electricity demand in Pakistan and other developing countries has posed a severe challenge to electricity distribution systems. Indeed, most of the utility companies have to follow a trend of load shedding to face this difficulty. Load shedding is the “art” of managing the load demand by shedding loads in critical situations where the demand is higher than the total generation to avoid system failure. Although electricity utilities are suggesting consumers reduce the load during peak hours in their monthly bills, the consumers are not willing or aware of this. It is clear how tedious and tiresome it is to remind the customers what the peak hours are, and manually switch off/on the heavy load during peak and off‐peak hours. The estimated cost of the system is around 43$ and 28$ with and without Global System for Mobile Communications module for message notification. Moreover, the distribution feeder has a specific capacity to bear the load in peak hours after this is automatically shut down the whole feeder. In this paper, the simulation analysis of a single‐family house is performed for automatic load reduction during peak hours in Proteus software. A hardware prototype is then designed and applied so as to validate the proposed control system. The results show that the proposed scheme allows for an efficient peak shaving during peak hours. For some typical domestic and commercial consumers, the financial benefits are also calculated. It is concluded that the payback period of this device is almost 1 month if it reduces 50% of load during the 4‐hour peak time. The proposed system may be implemented as a single additional tool/span is already available energy meters and may quickly be adopted by electric utilities of developing countries to avoid the load shedding trend.
Performance analysis of randomized arbitration interframe space tuning algorithm for enhanced distributed channel access in IEEE 802.11p based vehicular network
Authors: Antony Justin Gopinath , Balasubramanian Nithya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Internet of Vehicle (IoV) aims to provide efficient vehicular communication by enhancing connectivity and user safety. IEEE 802.11p, a medium access control protocol, plays a vital role in the IoV protocol stack, which uses the enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) method for channel contention. To deal with safety and nonsafety vehicular applications, EDCA adopts four access categories (AC), and each AC manages the channel access based on the priority of packets along with the contention window size and arbitration interframe spacing number (AIFSN). However, these contention parameters are fixed for each AC, and it does not account the real‐time network traffic. Hence, the fine‐tuning of AIFSN values and maintaining strict priority are challenging tasks for the highly dynamic vehicular network. To address these issues, this article proposes a novel probabilistic approach, namely, the randomized AIFSN tuning (RAT) algorithm for EDCA. It updates AIFSN value for every retransmission based on the vehicle density and contention intensity by preserving the strict priority behavior of the AC queues. A three‐dimensional Markov model is developed to analyze the proposed algorithm in terms of collision probability and throughput. The proposed RAT algorithm is simulated using the NS3 network simulator along with simulations for urban mobility (SUMO) for the real‐time traffic, and results are compared with other related algorithms in terms of packet loss, goodput, packet delivery ratio, and delay of each AC queue. These results reveal that the proposed RAT algorithm outperforms related algorithms under varying vehicle density.
Potential pest invasion risk posed by international sweet cherry trade
Authors: Lu Guocai , Zhao Zihua , Pan Xubin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTrade has long been considered a potent pathway throughout the global spread of alien species, while related links between them remain poorly tested at a global scale. We therefore took sweet cherry, an emerging commercial fresh fruit, as a case study to explore the international trade patterns and its impact on global pest transfer. We used data on annual bilateral trade volume between countries from 1961 to 2016 (from FAOSTAT) and the current occurrence of sweet cherry pests per country (from CABI). The international sweet cherry trade was highly concentrated, especially in Europe with obvious intracontinental self‐selling. Cluster analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling divided the 66 producing countries into five groupings on pest compositional similarities, for which both the short geographical distance and trade pattern above‐mentioned might be responsible. Meanwhile, the country‐level pest species richness increased linearly with the log of production and proportionally over‐represented in specific countries with large import volumes. Overall, ongoing regional and global cooperation for most trading countries should be promoted to improve international regulations, and to maximize the benefits of pest records in terms of facilitating trade and reducing invasion risks of alien species. This is particularly essential for China, who has already granted sweet cherry market permits to 10 main producing countries. Of those, all but three were in the same grouping as China which poses the greatest risk for pest introduction and establishment.
Research constituents, intellectual structure, and collaboration pattern in the Journal of Forecasting: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Baker H. Kent , Kumar Satish , Pattnaik Debidutta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study provides a retrospective of the Journal of Forecasting (JoF) between 1982 and 2019. Evidence shows a considerable increase in JoF's productivity and influence since 1982. For example, a JoF article, on average, receives more than 18 citations, and contributions from 65 nations appear in the journal. All articles have a forecasting implication, but JoF encourages a wide range of contexts recently featuring value‐at‐risk and financial econometrics. Factors with a positive association with JoF citations include the number of references, article length, article age, special issue, and number of authors.
PARP inhibition in prostate cancer
Authors: Nientiedt Cathleen , Duensing Anette , Zschäbitz Stefanie , Jäger Dirk , Hohenfellner Markus , Stenzinger Albrecht , Duensing Stefan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDefects in DNA damage repair genes are more common in prostate cancer than previously thought. These alterations provide an opportunity for precision oncology approaches and a number of studies have now shown that PARP inhibitors can have significant antitumor activity in men with DNA damage repair‐deficient metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer. This review summarizes the key clinical trials related to the use of PARP inhibitors in prostate cancer. Besides clinical outcomes, toxicity, and PARP inhibitor resistance, the role of different DNA repair genes in the response to PARP inhibition will be discussed.
Spectrally Selective Absorbers/Emitters for Solar Steam Generation and Radiative Cooling‐Enabled Atmospheric Water Harvesting
Authors: Li Yang , Lin Chongjia , Huang Jingyuan , Chi Cheng , Huang Baoling 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRenewable energy harvesting from the sun and outer space have aroused significant interest over the past decades due to their great potential in addressing the energy crisis. Furthermore, the harvested renewable energy has benefited another global challenge, water scarcity. Both solar steam generation and passive radiative cooling‐enabled atmospheric water harvesting are promising technologies that produce freshwater in green and sustainable ways. Spectral control is extremely important to achieve high efficiency in the two complementary systems based on absorbing/emitting light in a specific wavelength range. For this reason, a broad variety of solar absorbers and IR emitters with great spectral selectivity have been developed. Although operating in different spectral regions, solar selective absorbers and IR selective emitters share similar design strategies. At this stage, it is urgent and necessary to review their progress and figure out their common optical characteristics. Herein, the fundamental mechanisms and recent progress in solar selective absorbers and IR selective emitters are summarized, and their applications in water production are reported. This review aims to identify the importance of selective absorbers/emitters and inspire more research works on selective absorbers/emitters through the summary of advances and the establishment of the connection between solar absorbers and IR emitters.
A real‐world efficacy and safety analysis of combined carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (KRd) in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Rocchi Serena , Tacchetti Paola , Pantani Lucia , Mancuso Katia , Rizzello Ilaria , di Giovanni Bezzi Chiara , Scalese Marco , Dozza Luca , Marzocchi Giulia , Martello Marina , Barilà Gregorio , Antonioli Elisabetta , Staderini Michela , Buda Gabriele , Petrini Mario , Cea Michele , Quaresima Micol , Furlan Anna , Bonalumi Angela , Cavo Michele , Zamagni Elena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCarfilzomib–lenalidomide–dexamethasone (KRd) has been approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). We conducted a retrospective analysis of 197 RRMM patients (pts) between January 2016 and March 2018 in six Italian hematologic centers, with the aim to evaluate efficacy and safety of KRd in real‐life. At KRd initiation 27% carried high risk cytogenetic abnormalities (HRCA) [del17p and/or t(4;14) and/or t(14;16)], median number of prior lines of therapy was 2 (1–8), nearly all pts (96%) received prior bortezomib (18% refractory) while 45% were exposed to lenalidomide (R; 22% refractory). At the median of 12.5 months, 52% of the pts had discontinued treatment, mainly (66%) for progression. Main grade 3–4 adverse events were neutropenia (21%), infections (11%), and hypertension (6%). Overall, the response rate was 88%. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 19.8 months and 1‐year overall survival (OS) rate was 80.6%. By subgroup analysis, extended PFS and OS were observed for pts who received ≤2 prior lines of therapy (HR = 0.42, p < 0.001 and HR = 0.35, p = 0.001, respectively), not refractory to prior R (HR = 0.37, p < 0.001, and HR = 0.47, p = 0.024), without HRCA (HR = 0.33, p = 0.005 and HR = 0.26, p = 0.016) and achieving ≥ very good partial response (VGPR; HR = 0.17, p < 0.001 and HR = 0.18, p < 0.001). In conclusion, KRd demonstrated to be effective in RRMM pts treated in real‐world setting, without new safety concerns. Better survival outcomes emerged for pts with ≤2 prior lines of therapy, achieving at least a VGPR, and without HRCA.
What has single‐cell RNA sequencing revealed about microglial neuroimmunology?
Authors: Kubick Norwin , Henckell Flournoy Patrick C. , Klimovich Pavel , Manda Gina , Mickael Michel‐Edwar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe use of single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) in microglial research is increasing rapidly. The basic workflow of this approach consists of isolating single cells, followed by sequencing. scRNA‐seq is capable of examining microglial heterogeneity on a cellular level. However, the results gained from applying this technique suffer from discrepancies due to differences between applied methods characteristics such as the number of cells sequenced and the depth of sequencing. This review aims to shed more light on the recent developments that happened in this field and how they are related to the methods used. To do that, we track the progress and limitations of various scRNA‐seq methods currently available. The review then summarizes the current knowledge gained using scRNA‐seq in the field of microglia, including novel subpopulations associated with function and development under homeostasis as well during several pathological conditions such as Alzheimer, lipopolysaccharide response, and HIV in relation to the methods employed. Our review points out that despite major developments found using this technique, current scRNA‐seq methods suffer from high cost, low yields, and nonstandardization of generated data. Additional development of scRNA‐seq methods will raise our awareness of microglia's heterogeneity and plasticity under healthy and pathological conditions.