bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial communities of the house fly Musca domestica vary with geographical location and habitat
Authors: Park Rahel , Dzialo Maria C. , Spaepen Stijn , Nsabimana Donat , Gielens Kim , Devriese Herman , Crauwels Sam , Tito Raul Y. , Raes Jeroen , Lievens Bart , Verstrepen Kevin J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
House flies (Musca domestica) are widespread, synanthropic filth flies commonly found on decaying matter, garbage, and feces as well as human food. They have been shown to vector microbes, including clinically relevant pathogens. Previous studies have demonstrated that house flies carry a complex and variable prokaryotic microbiota, but the main drivers underlying this variability and the influence of habitat on the microbiota remain understudied. Moreover, the differences between the external and internal microbiota and the eukaryotic components have not been examined. To obtain a comprehensive view of the fly microbiota and its environmental drivers, we sampled over 400 flies from two geographically distinct countries (Belgium and Rwanda) and three different environments—farms, homes, and hospitals. Both the internal as well as external microbiota of the house flies were studied, using amplicon sequencing targeting both bacteria and fungi. Results show that the house fly’s internal bacterial community is very diverse yet relatively consistent across geographic location and habitat, dominated by genera Staphylococcus and Weissella. The external bacterial community, however, varies with geographic location and habitat. The fly fungal microbiota carries a distinct signature correlating with the country of sampling, with order Capnodiales and genus Wallemia dominating Belgian flies and genus Cladosporium dominating Rwandan fly samples. Together, our results reveal an intricate country-specific pattern for fungal communities, a relatively stable internal bacterial microbiota and a variable external bacterial microbiota that depends on geographical location and habitat. These findings suggest that vectoring of a wide spectrum of environmental microbes occurs principally through the external fly body surface, while the internal microbiome is likely more limited by fly physiology.
Molecular characterization of cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) associated with the erythrocyte antigens in dogs
Authors: Uno Yumiko , Kawakami Shota , Ochiai Kazuhiko , Omi Toshinori 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundN-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is synthesized from its precursor N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) by cytidine-5′-monophospho-N acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH), which is encoded by theCMAHgene. Most mammals have both Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac, but humans and ferrets have only Neu5Ac because of loss-of-function mutations. Dogs and cats are polymorphic for Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac expression like cats, in which theCMAHgene is responsible for the AB Blood group system. Although theCMAHgene has been characterized in many species, not much is known about it in dogs. In this study, we cloned the dogCMAHcDNA, and performed mRNA expression analysis of this gene in several organs. We also identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in theCMAHgene.ResultsWe cloned the 1737-bp open reading frame of the dogCMAHgene. This gene consists of at least 14 coding exons and codes for a polypeptide of 578 amino acids and is located on chromosome 35. The amino acid identities of dogCMAHwith the corresponding sequences from cat, pig, chimpanzee, mouse, and rat were high (89 to 93%). RT-PCR analysis showed that the dogCMAHcDNA was expressed in various tissues. We identified four exonic SNPs (three synonymous and one non-synonymous), 11 intronic SNPs, and an indel in 11 dog breeds by analyzing the nucleotide sequences of the 14 exons, including the coding region ofCMAH.In the genotype of the non-synonymous SNP, c.554 A > G (p.Lys185Arg), in a total of 285 dogs of seven different breeds, the allele G was widely distributed, and the allele A was the most frequent in the Shiba dogs. The dogs expressing Neu5Ac did not carry the loss-of-function deletion ofCMAHfound in humans and ferrets, and it remains unclear whether the point mutations influence the expression of Neu5Ac.ConclusionsWe characterized the canineCMAHgene at the molecular level for the first time. The results obtained in this study provide essential information that will help in understanding the molecular roles of theCMAHgene in canine erythrocyte antigens.
A case of portal venous gas after obstructive transverse colon cancer surgery
Authors: Furutani Yuichiro , Hiranuma Chikashi , Hattori Masakazu , Doden Kenji , Hashizume Yasuo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Portal venous gas has traditionally been considered an inevitable harbinger of death due to its association with bowel necrosis. Recently, an increasing number of cases of portal venous gas have been reported in patients with various clinical conditions and without bowel necrosis. We herein report the case of a patient in whom portal venous gas developed after transverse colon cancer surgery.

Case presentation
A 69-year-old man who had transverse colon cancer underwent insertion of a transanal ileus tube for decompression. Transverse colon resection was performed on the 11th day after the insertion of the transanal ileus tube. The patient had a high fever on the 6th day after the operation. Computed tomography showed portal venous gas over the entire area of the liver and pneumatosis intestinalis in the wall of the ascending colon. There were no signs of anastomotic leakage or bowel necrosis, so we decided to use conservative therapy with fasting and antibiotics. The portal venous gas disappeared on the 19th day after the operation. The patient was discharged in good condition on the 29th day after the operation.

Conclusions
Conservative treatment for portal venous gas is reasonable for patients without signs of anastomotic leakage or bowel necrosis. However, it is important to carefully observe patients with portal venous gas during conservative treatment because portal venous gas may be life-threatening.
Developing interventions to improve health: a systematic mapping review of international practice between 2015 and 2016
Authors: Croot Liz , O’Cathain Alicia , Sworn Katie , Yardley Lucy , Turner Katrina , Duncan Edward , Hoddinott Pat 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Researchers publish the processes they use to develop interventions to improve health. Reflecting on this endeavour may help future developers to improve their practice.

Methods
Our aim was to collate, describe, and analyse the actions developers take when developing complex interventions to improve health. We carried out a systematic mapping review of empirical research studies that report the development of complex interventions to improve health. A search was undertaken of five databases over 2015–2016 using the term ‘intervention dev*’. Eighty-seven journal articles reporting the process of intervention development were identified. A purposive subset of 30 articles, using a range of published approaches to developing interventions, was selected for in-depth analysis using principles of realist synthesis to identify the actions of intervention development and rationales underpinning those actions.

Results
The 87 articles were from the USA (39/87), the UK (32/87), continental Europe (6/87), and the rest of the world (10/87). These mainly took a pragmatic self-selected approach (n = 43); a theory- and evidence-based approach, e.g. Intervention Mapping, Behaviour Change Wheel (n = 22); or a partnership approach, e.g. community-based participatory research, co-design (n = 10). Ten actions of intervention development were identified from the subset of 30 articles, including identifying a need for an intervention, selecting the intervention development approach to follow, considering the needs of the target population, reviewing published evidence, involving stakeholders, drawing or generating theory, and designing and refining the intervention. Rationales for these actions were that they would produce more engaging, acceptable, feasible, and effective interventions.

Conclusions
Developers take a variety of approaches to the international endeavour of complex intervention development. We have identified and described a set of actions taken within this endeavour regardless of whether developers follow a published approach or not. Future developers can use these actions and the rationales that underpin them to help them make decisions about the process of intervention development.

Trial registration
PROSPERO, CRD42017080545.
Loss of the E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ube2i in oocytes during ovarian folliculogenesis causes infertility in mice
Authors: Rodriguez Amanda , Briley Shawn M. , Patton Bethany K. , Tripurani Swamy K. , Rajapakshe Kimal , Coarfa Cristian , Rajkovic Aleksander , Andrieux Alexandra , Dejean Anne , Pangas Stephanie A. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The number and quality of oocytes within the ovarian reserve largely determines fertility and reproductive lifespan in mammals. An oocyte-specific transcription factor cascade controls oocyte development, and some of these transcription factors, such as newborn ovary homeobox gene (NOBOX), are candidate genes for primary ovarian insufficiency in women. Transcription factors are frequently modified by the post-translational modification SUMOylation, but it is not known whether SUMOylation is required for function of the oocyte-specific transcription factors or if SUMOylation is required in oocytes during their development within the ovarian follicle. To test this, the sole E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme, Ube2i, was ablated in mouse oocytes beginning in primordial follicles. Loss of oocyte Ube2i resulted in female infertility with major defects in stability of the primordial follicle pool, ovarian folliculogenesis, ovulation and meiosis. Transcriptomic profiling of ovaries suggests that loss of oocyte Ube2i caused defects in both oocyte- and granulosa cell-expressed genes, including NOBOX and some of its known target genes. Together, these studies show that SUMOylation is required in the mammalian oocyte during folliculogenesis for both oocyte development and communication with ovarian somatic cells.
Fascial Hydrodissection for Chronic Hamstring Injury
Authors: Courseault Jacques , Kessler Eric , Moran Alexandra , Labbe Andre 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Hamstring muscle injuries (HMI) are common among athletes. HMI can take many months to years to resolve. Often, athletes do not report complete resolution with typical conservative therapy. We present several cases of athletes who presented with chronic hamstring injuries that resolved immediately after being treated with an ultrasound-guided fascial hydrodissection procedure. Following the procedure and graded rehabilitation protocol, athletes reported resolution of pain and tightness in addition to increased performance and a quicker return to play.
A new tool to assess understanding of Down syndrome screening information presented by midwives
Authors: John Sophie , Kirk Maggie , Tonkin Emma , Stuart-Hamilton Ian 
Published: November 2019

AimTo identify factors that could influence women's understanding of Down syndrome (DS) screening information presented by midwives.MethodsCurrent literature was scrutinised. Components that could influence women's understanding were identified and a new framework was developed and refined. Measures were selected and developed to create a tool to assess the framework.FindingsA new framework and assessment tool, measuring understanding of screening information and communication (MUSIC), was developed to assess women's understanding of DS screening information, their cognitive status and the midwives' communicative style.ConclusionThis framework is the first of its kind, encompassing both women's cognitive status and midwife communication as an influence on women's understanding. Applying the framework and tool could inform midwifery practice by providing an insight into whether, to what extent and how, cognitive status influences understanding of DS screening information, the importance of tailoring information to each woman and highlighting areas of communication that are most effective.
How do risk management principles fit in with the reality of clinical midwifery?
Authors: Roberts Evette Sebastien 
Published: November 2019

Background Risk assessment and management has become a key focus in midwifery practice, in light of failings in maternity care. Whilst studies have explored risk management within healthcare, it has not looked at its impact on normal midwifery practice. Aim To review the literature exploring how risk management principles fit with clinical midwifery. Methods A literature search was undertaken electronically as well as a search by hand. Nine papers were identified as suitable for the literature review. Data was extracted and used to inform the themes. Findings Three themes were identified: midwives being with women; midwives and normality, and increased sensitivity to risk; and organisational risk technologies and blame. Conclusion There is a mismatch between clinical midwifery culture and risk management. Risk categorisation and increasing risk surveillance clearly have an impact on midwifery practice. However, more research is needed to explore how midwives navigate around these systems.
Current Policy Challenges in Genomic Medicine
Authors: Klein Roger D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Molecular genetic testing has raised a variety of policy issues, ranging from privacy to reimbursement. Recently, payment policies have become of paramount importance as Medicare implemented the first significant change to test pricing since 1984 and announced a broad national coverage policy for the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in cancer patients that contains significant restrictions. Regulatory and oversight concerns have been important topics for discussion as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Congress, and stakeholders have focused on new approaches to regulation of laboratory-developed tests (LDTs). Patents on gene sequences and relationships between genetic variants and clinical phenotypes have been points of contention since the field's inception. Two Supreme Court cases invalidated patents on gene sequences and biological relationships, ushering in the era of NGS and precision medicine. However, a recent legislative proposal threatens to reverse these gains and restore gene patents as barriers to progress in genetic and genomic testing and the implementation of genomic medicine.

CONTENT
This review discusses current issues in payment policy, laboratory oversight, and gene patenting and their potential impacts on genetic and genomic testing.

SUMMARY
Coverage and reimbursement policies present serious challenges to genetic and genomic testing. The potential for FDA regulation of LDTs looms as a significant threat to diagnostic innovation, patient access, and the viability of molecular genetic testing laboratories. Changes in patent law could cause gene patents to reemerge as barriers to the advancement of genomic medicine.
The Belt and Road Initiative: The Cornerstone of the New-Fangled Financial Institutionalism Led by China
Authors: Galán Enrique Martínez , Leandro Francisco José 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The debate about the benefits and the risks brought both to People’s Republic of China and to the other participant countries by the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has been gaining momentum in the academic and in the political landscapes. We argue that the BRI is the main pillar of the new financial institutionalism proposed by China to redefine the current global financial architecture and that, consequently, the initiative needs to be considered in that context. This paper (i) reviews the timeline that led to this Chinese-led new financial institutionalism, (ii) proposes two theoretical frameworks to define the concept of multilateral financial statecraft and of new financial institutionalism led by China, and (iii) enumerates the main differences and similarities observed between this new financial institutionalism and the one dominated by the Bretton Woods-related institutions that gradually emerged after World War II, such as the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Marshall Plan, and the Asian Development Bank.
Diversity and temperature adaptability of cultivable fungi in marine sediments from the Chukchi Sea
Authors: Luo Ye , Xu Wei , Luo Zhu-Hua , Pang Ka-Lai 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In recent years, the Arctic has become a hot spot for microbial research. However, fungal diversity in the Chukchi Sea (adjacent to the Arctic Ocean) is little known. The purpose of this study was to explore fungal diversity in sediments of the Chukchi Sea and the temperature adaptability of the cultured fungi. A total of 74 fungal strains were isolated from nine marine sediment samples collected from the Chukchi Sea. These fungi were identified based on morphological characteristics and sequence comparison of the internal transcribed spacers of the ribosomal DNA (ITS-rDNA) with the GenBank reference sequence database. Amongst these fungi, 61 strains belonged to the Ascomycota and 13 strains were affiliated with the Basidiomycota. The dominant genus was Penicillium. These fungal strains were cultured at 4°C, 10°C, and 25°C to determine their temperature adaptability. Most strains were able to grow at 4°C, and Thelebolus ellipsoideus was identified as a psychrophilic fungus. Our results revealed a high fungal diversity in marine sediments of the Chukchi Sea and found that some fungal species (Penicillium chrysogenum, Eutypella scoparia, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium tenuissimum, C. perangustums and Thelebolus ellipsoideus) isolated from these sediments were able to grow at 10°C and 4°C.
Evaluating sample stability in the clinical laboratory with the help of linear and non-linear regression analysis
Authors: Pum Joachim K.W. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As it is common practice for laboratories to store patient samples for a predefined period, allowing clinicians to request additional tests on previously collected samples, knowledge about sample stability is indispensable for the laboratorian. A common approach to estimating the maximum storage time is to use a discrete study design, measuring the analyte of interest at various time-points and then checking for significant differences with the help of a statistical test, such as Student’s t-test, Wilcoxon’s test or an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Because only discrete time intervals are considered, stability data can just be approximated. Alternatively, a continuous study design, as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) for performing stability experiments for in vitro diagnostic reagents, can also be adopted by the clinical laboratory to evaluate the stability of biological samples. The major advantage of this approach is that it allows laboratories to define individual stability limits for different medical situations and offers more flexibility when choosing time-points for measurements. The intent of this paper is to demonstrate the evaluation of sample stability in the clinical laboratory with a continuous study design implemented with linear or non-linear regression analysis. Appropriate statistical modeling and acceptance criteria are presented, stability functions are described briefly, and checking the overall validity of the results is discussed.
Regularized Collocation in Distribution of Diffusion Times Applied to Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Pereverzev Sergei V. , Solodky Sergiy G. , Vasylyk Vitalii B. , Žic Mark 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper is inspired by recently proposed approach for interpreting data of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
(EIS) in terms of Distribution of Diffusion Times (DDT). Such an interpretation requires to solve a Fredholm integral
equation of the first kind, which may have a non-square-integrable kernel. We consider a class of equations with
above-mentioned peculiarity and propose to regularize them in weighted functional spaces. One more issue associated
with DDT-problem is that EIS data are available only for a finite number of frequencies. Therefore, a regularization
should unavoidably be combined with a collocation. In this paper we analyze a regularized collocation in weighted
spaces and propose a scheme for its numerical implementation. The performance of the proposed scheme is illustrated by
numerical experiments with synthetic data mimicking EIS measurements.
On a group analogue of the Heyde theorem
Authors: Myronyuk Margaryta 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Heyde proved that a Gaussian distribution on a real line is characterized by the symmetry of the conditional distribution of one linear form given another.
The present article is devoted to an analogue of the Heyde theorem in the case when random variables take values in a locally compact Abelian group and the coefficients of the linear forms are integers.
Aberrant mitochondrial bioenergetics in the cerebral cortex of the Fmr1 knockout mouse model of fragile X syndrome
Authors: D’Antoni Simona , de Bari Lidia , Valenti Daniela , Borro Marina , Bonaccorso Carmela Maria , Simmaco Maurizio , Vacca Rosa Anna , Catania Maria Vincenza 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Impaired energy metabolism may play a role in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders including fragile X syndrome (FXS). We checked brain energy status and some aspects of cell bioenergetics, namely the activity of key glycolytic enzymes, glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle and mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complexes, in the cerebral cortex of the Fmr1 knockout (KO) mouse model of FXS. We found that, despite a hyperactivation of MRC complexes, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is compromised, resulting in brain energy impairment in juvenile and late-adult Fmr1 KO mice. Thus, an altered mitochondrial energy metabolism may contribute to neurological impairment in FXS.
Embeddings of harmonic mixed norm spaces on smoothly bounded domains in ℝn
Authors: Arsenović Miloš , Jovanović Tanja 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The main result of this paper is the embedding

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\mathcal{B}^{s,r}_\beta({\it\Omega})\hookrightarrow
\mathcal{B}^{s_1,r_1}_{\beta+(n-1)\big(\frac 1s-\frac
1{s_1}\big)}({\it\Omega}),
\end{array}$$
0 < r ≤ r1 ≤ ∞, 0 < s ≤ s1 ≤ ∞, β > –1, of harmonic functions mixed norm spaces on a smoothly bounded domain Ω ⊂ ℝn. We also extend a result on boundedness, in mixed norm, of a maximal function-type operator from the case of the unit disc and the unit ball to general domains in ℝn.
Crystal structure of (5,5′-bitetrazole-1,1′-diolate)-bis(1,10-phenanthroline)-copper(II), C26H16CuN12O2
Authors: Jiaping Zhu , Gang Wang , Dang Wu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
C26H16CuN12O2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 18.800(4) Å, b = 21.224(4) Å, c = 14.436(3) Å, β = 112.094(6)°, V = 5337.1(18) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0468, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1287, T = 296(2) K.