bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging in chronic headache: our experiences and perspectives
Authors: Dorothy Itanyi Ukamaka , Chinedu Okere Philip , Ifeyinwa Iloanusi Nneka , U Uduma Felix 
Published: October 2020

Background: Headache is a common symptomatology necessitating hospital consultations. Despite the prohibitive cost to patients in Nigeria, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an evaluating tool for headache.
Objectives: To determine the yield of cranial MRI and frequency of significant intracranial lesions among patients with chronic headache.
Methods: A three-year retrospective analysis of cranial MR images and records of patients referred to Medicaid Diagnostic Centre in Abuja, Nigeria on account of chronic headache was done. Data was analyzed using SAS software version 9.3.
Results: 150 patients aged 9 to 73 years (mean= 39.5 years) with chronic headache were studied. There were 54 males and 96 females with a ratio of 1:1.8. 48% and 52% had normal and abnormal MRI findings respectively. Although the number with abnormal MRI was higher than those with normal exams, this difference was not significant (p=0.624). The commonest neoplastic and non-neoplastic abnormalities were pituitary macroadenoma (4%) and sinusitis (21.3%) respectively.
Conclusion: In our study, MRI had a low diagnostic yield in patients with chronic headache. Therefore, it is expedient that physicians stratify patients with chronic headache based on red flag signs to determine the need for cranial MRI in view of financial burden.
Keywords: Chronic headache; MRI; diagnostic yield; sinusitis.
O spotkaniach Andrzeja Pelczara z matematykami francuskimi w roku akademickim 1967/68
Authors: Domoradzki Stanisław 
Published: October 2020

W artykule przybliżamy pobyt A. Pelczara (1937–2010) we Francji i jego spotkania z matematykami pracującymi i goszczącymi w prestiżowym Institut des hautes études scientifiques w Bures-sur-Yvette (IHÉS) i Université Paris XI (Faculté des Sciences d’Orsay). Przyszły twórca krakowskiej szkoły układów dynamicznych miał okazję spotkać, m.in. następujących matematyków: M. Artin, A. Grothendieck, N. Kuiper, B. Malgrange, J. Mather, P. Deligne, R. Thom, Ch. Zeeman. Artykuł powstał dzięki wspomnieniom współuczestnika pobytu we Francji – Jacka Bochnaka, dzisiaj znanego profesora Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. On Andrzej Pelczar’s meetings with French mathematicians in the academic year 1967/68 The article familiarizes the readers with the stay of A. Pelczar (1937–2010) in France and his encounters with mathematicians working and staying in the prestigious Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques in Bures-sur-Yvette (IHÉS) and Université Paris XI (Faculté des Sciences d’Orsay). The future founder of the Kraków school of dynamical systems had an opportunity to meet the following mathematicians, among others: M. Artin, A. Grothendieck, N. Kuiper, B. Malgrange, J. Mather, P. Deligne, R. Thom, Ch. Zeeman. The article was written thanks to the memories of Jacek Bochnak, the companion of Pelczar in France, nowadays a renowned professor of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.
Thailand institutional framework for FTA negotiation
Authors: Suphachalasai Suphat , Mephokee Chanin , Yoonaidharma Sudharma , Khumon Prapanpong , Chan Natharika , Winyuhuttakit Pakorn , Jarungsri Nattakhanya 
Published: October 2020

This article aims to analyze institutional framework relating to the implementation of international trade and investment agreements, especially Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), which Thailand is a member country and going to be a member country, to recommend appropriate guidelines for integration of process and institution to comply with commitments under international trade and investment agreements. The article covers an overview of the institutional mechanism and process of establishing agreement and the implementation of specific areas such as Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT). The article indicates problems of integration of institutional framework in Thailand and renders important recommendations both for general issues (such as Thai government should formulate strategy and create strategic roadmap for trade and investment negotiation) and for specific issues (such as Thailand should conduct a periodical review of existing technical standards to assess their compliance with FTAs).
This article is based on a research project named “Thailand’s Institutional Reform in the Face of International Trade and Investment Obligations” of International Institute for Trade and Development (ITD) conducted using several research methodologies including documentary research, field survey, in-depth interviews and focus group.
Título en español.
Authors: Reinaldo Calero  , Parimal Choudbury  , George E. Pringle  
Published: October 2020

Las relaciones en la estructura de la demanda y la oferta de trabajo se estimaron en la fase agrícola de la industria azucarera. El análisis se basó en series cronológicas que cubrían el periodo comprendido entre 1950-51 y 1965-66. Para calcular los parámetros en dichas estructuras se utilizó un modelo de regresión múltiple lineal, ya que los datos se ajustaban bastante bien a esta forma de ecuación. La demanda de trabajo en ese sector de la industria se expresa como una función de: 1, El área total de caña bajo cultivo, 2, productividad hombre-día por tonelada de caña, y 3, jornal promedio que se paga anualmente en esta empresa, El coeficiente de determinación explica el 89 por ciento de la variación (R2 = 0.8908) anual en la demanda de trabajo. Según la ecuación obtenida, un acre de caña está directamente asociada con 16.23 hombres-días en la demanda de trabajo. En dirección contraria, un aumento de una 0.10 toneladas de caña en la productividad hombre-día y de un dólar en el jornal promedio que se paga por el trabajo agrícola, tienden a reducir la demanda de trabajo en 902,800 hombres-días y 1,809,500 hombres-días, respectivamente. Por otro lado, la oferta de trabajo en ese mismo sector de la industria se expresa coma una función de: 1, El jornal promedio que se paga anualmente por trabajo agrícola, 2, cambios en la población, y 3, el periodo de tiempo. Estos tres factores explican alrededor del 96 por ciento de la variación (R2 = 0.956) anual en la oferta de trabajo. La ecuación de regresión indica que, un aumento de un dólar en el jornal promedio que se paga por trabajo agrícola y de una unidad de cambio en el índice de población, están asociados con un incremento de 845,000 hombres-días y de 367,000 hombres-días, respectivamente, en los recursos humanos disponibles en esa fase de a industria. Pero, por cada año que transcurre la cantidad de trabajo humano disponible está asociada con una reducción de 1,607,000 hombres-días.
The Effect of Various Herbicides on Growth of Dioscorea composita (Hemsl.) Under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: González-Ibáñez Jaime , Cibes-Viadé Héctor R. 
Published: October 2020

A series of tests was conducted under greenhouse conditions to determine the relative usefulness of various herbicides for control of weeds in cortisone yam (Dioscorea composita Hemsl.) plantings. Monuron, Diuron, Neburon, Atrazine, Simazine and Prometryne each were applied at three different rates. Diuron and Monuron were found to be the most toxic of the substituted ureas. The most injurious of the triazines was Atrazine. Simazine, although somewhat toxic, was less so than than Atrazine. No evidence of Prometryne poisoning could be detected. As expected, the number and weight of weeds were significantly lower in the test plots of plants treated with herbicides.
Innovation and the Success of Women's Small Scale Enterprises in Ghana
Authors: Dzisi Smile , Selvarajah Christopher 
Published: October 2020

Innovation is fast becoming a crucial factor in enterprise performance, growth and survival. In recent years, a growing number of studies have demonstrated how innovation leads to success in larger enterprises. Literature addressing innovation in small enterprises in developing countries is limited; most studies in this field are from developed countries. This study therefore aimed at filling the gap by firstly, exploring the innovations introduced in the Ghanaian women-owned small enterprises, and secondly finding out the relationship between these innovations and the women's business success. The innovative practices explored were the introduction of new products and processes, identification of new sources of raw materials and new markets. Quantitative and qualitative approaches are combined in data collection and analysis. Data has been obtained from a survey of 421 Ghanaian women entrepreneurs and interviews conducted with 50 of those women. The results in the study indicated that the small enterprises engaged in various types of innovative practices such as the adoption of fuel efficient processing methods, diversification of product line, improved packaging and opening of new market outlets. These innovative practices have contributed to the success of the enterprises. Their success factors include self-fulfillment, wealth creation and positive impact on the Ghanaian economy. These findings have policy implications for improved technology and funds allocation to enhance women's role in economic development.
Keywords: Innovation; Business growth; Women-owned small enterprises; Schumpeter's entrepreneurship perspective.
Ghana's Evolutionary Role in a Changing World Economic Order
Authors: Osarcar Barima Joel 
Published: October 2020

The world economy has been passing through interesting and significant changes for several years now promising for some (the emerging countries in particular) and not so promising for others (the developed countries). Huge transfer of resources has taken place and the process is continuing. In this context, it is but natural for African observers to raise the question: African share of world resources remaining somewhat unchanged (as per the World Bank data), what is the role and future of the African countries in this changing scenario? Are they going to be partners in the transfer of resources that is being experienced? An attempt has been made here to examine the case of Ghana – a leading economy in the continent. The author wouldcontendthatalthoughthecountryispoisedtogrowspectacularlyassomeforecasterswouldenvisage,thanks to the prospect of oil revenues, Ghana has to traverse a long way if it is to be noticed in the world bodies. Growth and development must occur in substantive measures from the present state of affairs. Agriculture, almost the backbone for any developing country, must take the lead to offer meaningful support to the more promising industry. The real economy, in its basic form, must be properly understood, developed and managed with strategic investments in place. And this must be followed by or accompanied with a vibrant knowledge-based service economy. Failing this, the burgeoning oil wealth may only be hallucinatory at best.
Keywords: Ghanaianeconomy;Worldeconomicorder;Economicforecast
The Evolution and Current Manufacturing Practice Applied to the traditional Dress of Women in Ghana
Authors: Kuma-Kpobee Mercy Afi 
Published: October 2020

Traditional dress for women in Ghana, known as “slit and kaba”, previously required no standardised sizing and fit, but as this dress has undergone an evolution and taken on more western features, the fit and manufacturing quality have become increasingly important. This paper evaluates the effect of the evolution of the slit and kaba on the current manufacturing processes adopted by the micro and small scale enterprises in Ghana. A qualitative approach was adopted to collect data in three metropolitan centres in Ghana from dressmakers of the traditional dress. An inductive approach through the grounded theory technique was utilised to analyse the data and the findings revealed that the traditional dress has undergone a considerable change in fit and form. The over reliance on trainee apprentices as workers has affected the quality of garments produced in relation to standardisation. It is also evident that most of the dressmakers rely on domestic equipment which is rudimentary in terms of technological development. This paper highlights the importance of skills and adequate equipment in the achievement of fit and quality in the area of garment manufacture in Ghana.
Keywords: Garmentmanufacture;Qualitystandards;Fit;Traditionaldress;Evolution.
Using Multiple Discriminant Analysis to Construct a Statistical Model for Predicting Bank Loan Repay and Default Customers in the Eastern Region of Ghana
Authors: Abledu Godfred Kwame 
Published: October 2020

Banks that lend to small businesses and individuals need to quickly assess the creditworthiness of prospectiveborrowers so as to reduce the probability of issuing bad loans while attempting to maintain their own profitability. It was for these reasons that credit institutions have made several attempts at modeling and reliably forecasting credit default using numerous statistical approaches. The objective of the study was to develop a model which could be used to identify likely future defaulters. The population for the study was all financial institutions were in the Eastern Region of Ghana. A number of banks that could give the needed data for the study was purposefully chosen and a random sample of 150 customers were randomly selected to provide data on the study variables which include customers’ financial standing, reason to loan, employment and demographic information. The statistical model obtained indicated four important influences - total asset, total income, family size and number of years with current employer as the most discriminating variables between the repay and default group. The validity of the model was confirmed using several diagnostic analytical procedures. The importance of examining a model’s sensitivity and specificity in the context of one’s specific, real-world objectives was also discussed.
Keywords: Loan repay and default; Creditworthiness; Prospective borrowers; Statistical models in banking; Multiple discriminant analysis.
International Remittances and Economic Growth in Ghana: Does the Measure Of Financial Development Matter?
Authors: Antwi Samuel , Koranteng Eugene Oware , Koranteng Eugene Oware 
Published: October 2020

Empirical results of the effect of international remittances on economic growth of individual countries and groups of countries have yielded mixed results. This study is intended to add to the debate on the impact of international remittances on the aggregate output of individual countries, Ghana in this case. An earlier panel data study found a negative impact of remittance on real GDP and prompted further research on the topic for individual countries and groups of countries. The papers which followed and were able to correct for endogeneity in the models, found a mild positive impact of private unrequited remittances on economic growth. The impact of remittances on economic growth of a particular country depends on the proportion of remittances invested and consumed, the level of financial development and the quality of institutions in the country. This study used time series data from 1990 to 2014 on Ghana and found a positive impact of remittances on the growth rate of real GDP. Engel and Granger Cointegration test and Error Correction Models were used. Remittances were found to be pro-cyclical. Granger causality tests which corrects for the errors of cointegrated variables found causality running from financial development to remittances and from remittances to real GDP. Remittances have been found in other studies to benefit the Ghanaian economy by reducing poverty and sustaining the current account. This study shows a positive impact of remittances on aggregate output. Thus requiring policies to increase the flows and encourage their investment.
Keywords: International Remittances, Economic Growth, Ghana, Financial Development.
Assessment of coping with stress in patients with schizophrenic in a Community Mental Health Centre, in Turkey
Authors: Gulay Tasdemir Yigitoglu  , Gulseren Keskin  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: To assess schizophrenia patients’ approach toward coping with stress in terms of demographic variables.
Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the State Hospital Community Mental Health Centre, Turkey, from November 1, 2013, to April 30, 2014, and comprised patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Data was collected using Sociodemographic Information Form, and the Coping Assessment Questionnaire Inventory. It was analysed using SPSS 18.
Results: Of the 53 patients, 14(26.4%) were females, and 39(73.5%) were males. The overall mean age was 38±10.66 years. Highest mean score was recorded for the emotion-focussed coping subscale which was 63.49±10.64. Female patients used emotional social support, focussing on problems and venting emotions techniques (p<0.05). Patients who did not use alcohol received higher scores from religious coping subscales, while patients who used alcohol scored higher from substance use and dysfunctional coping subscales (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Most schizophrenia patients were found to be using emotion-focussed coping methods.
Continuous....
Development of Economic Science Through the Concept of Economic Competition
Authors: Orynbet Perizat , El-Hodiri Mohamed 
Published: October 2020

Many authors present the term "competitiveness" in a sense of ability to defeat rivals to achieve goals. Moreover, many economists rely on the definition of "competition" as a "contest". Competition is a continuous trend of methods of strive in different areas constantly applying new approaches. Competitiveness can ensure the continuity of this process. Competition is a struggle, that is, the ability to take action in any situation at any time to overcome it. Competition is the contest of organizations in the same market sector with similar interests. The intensity and structure of competition affect its forms and level. In general, the concepts of competition and competitiveness are studied in depth and comprehensively in Economics. Despite of that there is no unified definition of these concepts among scholars, and each researcher provides various definitions from own perspective of the field of study. This article discusses the history of the concept of economic competition in chronological order. The authors analyzed the basic conceptual approaches of economic thoughts of the development of economic competition according to their classifications. The main attention is paid to the concept of competition in the economic sense. The author offers a vision of the concept of economic competition This indicates the complexity and importance of the issue, as well as the need for further theoretical and practical research in this area.
Implementasi Kebijakan Pengentasan Kemiskinan Melalui Program Bedah Rumah
Authors: Tondo Simson 
Published: October 2020

Along with decentralization, poverty alleviation efforts are not only the responsibility of the central government but also the local government by presenting various policies. One policy that is considered to empower the community is the policy of poverty alleviation through home surgery program conducted by North Halmahera District Government precisely in North Loloda District. The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation of poverty alleviation policy through home surgery program. The results of this study show the implementation of the home surgery program is not in accordance with the program objectives and expectations of the program itself, this is seen from: First, the lack of communication or socialization directly to the community about the home surgery program. Secondly, the manpower who used to make the house is a Civil Servant who certainly has no expertise in working and making homes and budgets that are not available in the North Halmahera District Budget in 2011 and part of the budget is collected of the contributions of certain parties. Thirdly, local governments do not have a commitment in terms of honesty and democratic, wherein the implementation of programs in the field there are still jobs that are not on the target program and there is injustice in determining target families. Fourth, the implementation of the program is not in accordance with the mechanism as expected because the project of home surgery program is not planned and planned in the Regional Budget in 2011, also some of the funds collected from non-governmental organizations and Civil Servants and labor in use work is a civil servant.
SIMULAÇÃO COMPUTACIONAL DE UM INCÊNDIO NATURAL COMPARTIMENTADO
Authors: Corrêa Cristiano 
Published: October 2020

RESUMO
A presente pesquisa apresenta os resultados de simulações computacionais de incêndio experimental ensaiado em contêiner. Para tanto foi utilizado dois softwares de fluidodinâmica computacional, o Fire Dynamics Simulator – FDS e o OZone. As simulações realizadas mostraram que o FDS, por ser um software que não possui interface gráfica, acaba tornando a modelagem trabalhosa e demorada, uma vez que sua entrada de dados é inteiramente feita através de documentos de texto. Entretanto, quando devidamente calibrado, o modelo é capaz de oferecer ao usuário diversos dados como: temperatura, deslocamento de fumaça, concentração de oxigênio, consideração de dispositivos de combate a incêndio (sprinklers), dentre uma infinidade de outros, que podem abrir um leque de opções de estudos a serem realizados no contexto da Segurança Contra Incêndio em Edificações - SCIE. Já o OZone possui uma interface gráfica agradável e intuitiva, e que tornam a modelagem de incêndios mais fácil e rápida, gerando rapidamente resultados, entretanto, a quantidade de variáveis obtidas, na grande maioria dos casos, é bem mais limitada em comparação com as obtidas através do FDS. Concluindo que os simuladores são ferramentas importantes, sobretudo quando calibrados através de resultados experimentais, na proposição de soluções para os desafios da SCIE.
An Interlocking Fibrillar Polymer Layer for Mechanical Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jeong Seonju , Lee Inhwa , Kim Taek‐Soo , Lee Jung‐Yong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAtmospheric and mechanical stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) must be guaranteed for successful commercialization. A fibrillar polymer, poly[N‐9′‐heptadecanyl‐2,7‐carbazole‐alt‐5,5‐(4′,7′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐2′,1′,3′‐benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT), is reported as an efficient hole transfer layer (HTL) which significantly improves air and mechanical stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). PCDTBT fibrils formed at the grain boundaries of perovskite layer induce the highest fracture energies in the PSCs, which provide extrinsic reinforcement and shielding for enhanced mechanical and chemical stability. Debonding energy increases by 30% for the PSCs with PCDTBT fibrils, which fractures at 2.66 J m−2, compared to the devices without PCDTBT fibrils at 2.09 J m−2; more importantly, the threshold debonding driving force of the PCDTBT fibril‐based devices is greatly improved by twofold under ambient conditions.