bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of aerialBacillus thuringiensisvar.israelensisapplications in mixed saltmarsh-mangrove systems and use of affordable unmanned aerial systems to identify problematic levels of canopy cover
Authors: Johnson Brian J. , Manby Russell , Devine Gregor J. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn the Australian southeast, the saltmarsh mosquitoAedes vigilax(Skuse) is the focus of area-wide larviciding campaigns employing the biological agentBacillus thuringiensisvar.israelensis (Bti). Although generally effective, frequent inundating tides and considerable mangrove cover can make control challenging. Here, we describe the efficacy and persistence of an aqueousBtisuspension (potency: 1200 International Toxic Units; strain AM65-52) within a mixed saltmarsh-mangrove system and the use of affordable unmanned aerial systems (UAS) to identify and map problematic levels of mangrove canopy cover.RESULTSHigh mangrove canopy density (>40% cover) reduced product deposition by 74.5% (0.013± 0.002 μl/cm2vs. 0.051± 0.006 μl/cm2), larval mortality by 27.7% (60.7± 4.1% vs. 84.0± 2.4%), and ground levelBticoncentrations by 32.03% (1144 ± 462.6 vs. 1683 ± 447.8 spores ml−1) relative to open saltmarsh. Persistence of product post-application was found to be low (80.6% loss at 6 h) resulting in negligible additional losses to tidal inundation 24 h post-application. UAS surveys accurately identified areas of high mangrove cover using both standard and multispectral imagery, although derived index values for this vegetation class were only moderately correlated with ground measurements (R2=0.17-0.38) at their most informative scales.CONCLUSIONThese findings highlight the complex operational challenges that affect coastal mosquito control in heterogeneous environments. The problem is exacerbated by continued mangrove transgression into saltmarsh habitat in the region. Emerging UAS technology can help operators optimize treatments by accurately identifying and mapping challenging canopy cover using both standard and multispectral imaging.
Environmental RNA interference in two-spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticae, reveals dsRNA processing requirements for efficient RNAi response
Authors: Bensoussan Nicolas , Dixit Sameer , Tabara Midori , Letwin David , Milojevic Maja , Antonacci Michele , Jin Pengyu , Arai Yuka , Bruinsma Kristie , Suzuki Takeshi , Fukuhara Toshiyuki , Zhurov Vladimir , Geibel Sven , Nauen Ralf , Grbic Miodrag , Grbic Vojislava 
Published: May 2020

AbstractComprehensive understanding of pleiotropic roles of RNAi machinery highlighted the conserved chromosomal functions of RNA interference. The consequences of the evolutionary variation in the core RNAi pathway genes are mostly unknown, but may lead to the species-specific functions associated with gene silencing. The two-spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticae, is a major polyphagous chelicerate pest capable of feeding on over 1,100 plant species and developing resistance to pesticides used for its control. A well annotated genome, susceptibility to RNAi and economic importance, makeT. urticaean excellent candidate for development of an RNAi protocol that enables high-throughput genetic screens and RNAi-based pest control. Here, we show that the length of the exogenous dsRNA critically determines its processivity and ability to induce RNAiin vivo. A combination of the long dsRNAs and the use of dye to trace the ingestion of dsRNA enabled the identification of genes involved in membrane transport and 26S proteasome degradation as sensitive RNAi targets. Our data demonstrate that environmental RNAi can be an efficient reverse genetics and pest control tool inT. urticae. In addition, the species-specific properties together with the variation in the components of the RNAi machinery makeT. urticaea potent experimental system to study the evolution of RNAi pathways.
Germline mutagenesis ofNasonia vitripennisthrough ovarian delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein
Authors: Chaverra-Rodriguez Duverney , Benetta Elena Dalla , Heu Chan C. , Rasgon Jason L. , Ferree Patrick M. , Akbari Omar S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 gene editing is a powerful technology to study the genetics of rising model organisms, such as the jewel waspNasonia vitripennis. However, current methods involving embryonic microinjection of CRISPR reagents are challenging. Delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein into female ovaries is an alternative that has only been explored in a small handful of insects, such as mosquitoes and whiteflies. Here, we developed a simple protocol for germline gene editing by injecting Cas9 ribonucleoprotein in adultN. vitripennisfemales using either ReMOT control (Receptor-Mediated Ovary Transduction of Cargo) or BAPC (Branched Amphiphilic Peptide Capsules) as ovary delivery methods. We demonstrate efficient delivery of protein cargo such as EGFP and Cas9 into developing oocytes via P2C peptide and BAPC. Additionally, somatic and germline gene editing have been demonstrated. This approach will greatly facilitate CRISPR-applied genetic manipulation in this and other rising model organisms.
Predictions of COVID-19 dynamics in the UK: short-term forecasting and analysis of potential exit strategies
Authors: Keeling Matt J. , Hill Edward M. , Gorsich Erin E. , Penman Bridget , Guyver-Fletcher Glen , Holmes Alex , Leng Trystan , McKimm Hector , Tamborrino Massimiliano , Dyson Louise , Tildesley Michael J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundEfforts to suppress transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the UK have seen non-pharmaceutical interventions being invoked. The most severe measures to date include all restaurants, pubs and cafes being ordered to close on 20th March, followed by a “stay at home” order on the 23rd March and the closure of all non-essential retail outlets for an indefinite period. Government agencies are presently analysing how best to develop an exit strategy from these measures and to determine how the epidemic may progress once measures are lifted. Mathematical models are currently providing short and long term forecasts regarding the future course of the COVID-19 outbreak in the UK to support evidence-based policymaking.MethodsWe present a deterministic, age-structured transmission model that uses real-time data on confirmed cases requiring hospital care and mortality to provide up-to-date predictions on epidemic spread in ten regions of the UK. The model captures a range of age-dependent heterogeneities, reduced transmission from asymptomatic infections and produces a good fit to the key epidemic features over time. We simulated a suite of scenarios to assess the impact of differing approaches to relaxing social distancing measures from 7th May 2020, on the estimated number of patients requiring inpatient and critical care treatment, and deaths. With regard to future epidemic outcomes, we investigated the impact of reducing compliance, ongoing shielding of elder age groups, reapplying stringent social distancing measures using region based triggers and the role of asymptomatic transmission.FindingsWe find that significant relaxation of social distancing measures from 7th May onwards can lead to a rapid resurgence of COVID-19 disease and the health system being quickly overwhelmed by a sizeable, second epidemic wave. In all considered age-shielding based strategies, we projected serious demand on critical care resources during the course of the pandemic. The reintroduction and release of strict measures on a regional basis, based on ICU bed occupancy, results in a long epidemic tail, until the second half of 2021, but ensures that the health service is protected by reintroducing social distancing measures for all individuals in a region when required.DiscussionOur work confirms the effectiveness of stringent non-pharmaceutical measures in March 2020 to suppress the epidemic. It also provides strong evidence to support the need for a cautious, measured approach to relaxation of lockdown measures, to protect the most vulnerable members of society and support the health service through subduing demand on hospital beds, in particular bed occupancy in intensive care units.
Influences and aspirations in the production of national projects in Lebanon and Kuwait
Authors: Mazzetto Silvia , El-Khoury Roula 
Published: May 2020

PurposeBy looking at a selection of iconic modern projects designed by or commissioned to the prominent but not well-examined architect Sami Abdul Baki both in Lebanon and Kuwait during his most productive years in the 50s, this paper attempts to identify first main trends, influences and ideologies that shaped these works at the peak of modern architectural development in the region. Through these examples, the paper then aims at retracing predominant trajectories of intellectual capital exchange and transfer of knowledge between Lebanon and Kuwait. These can go far beyond their territorial boundaries, without claiming a single grand-narrative that describes the modern architectural development in any of the two countries.Design/methodology/approachThe data collected from discourse analysis, interviews and biographical notes were mapped into a schematic diagram illustrating a complex network of connections and multidisciplinary involvement in projects.FindingsHowever, the outcome did not generate a dominant theme for the projects or expertise of the architect.Originality/valueIt is very likely that Sami Abdul Baki's strong political dimension and quality as a mediator or facilitator in addition to his strong network of contacts played a significant role in the project commissions that he has won as an architect/engineer in Kuwait, Lebanon, Germany and other countries.
A bicomplex finite element method for wave propagation in homogeneous media
Authors: Reum Thomas , Toepfer Hannes 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the advantageous applicability of the bicomplex analysis in the context of the Finite Element Method (FEM). This method can be applied for wave propagation problems in various environments.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the bicomplex number system is introduced and accordingly the differential equation for time-harmonic Maxwell’s equations in homogeneous media is derived in detail. Besides that, numerical simulations of wave propagation are performed and compared to the traditional approach based on classical FEM related to the Helmholtz equation. The appropriate error norm is investigated for different discretizations.

Findings
The results show that the use of bicomplex analysis in FEM leads to the higher accuracy of the electromagnetic field determination compared to the traditional Helmholtz approach. By using the bicomplex-valued formulation, the complex-valued electric and magnetic fields can be found directly and no additional FEM calculations are necessary to get the whole field.

Originality/value
The direct bicomplex formulation overcomes the use of the second order derivatives, which leads to the higher accuracy. In general, accurate calculations of the wave propagation in FEM is still an open problem and the approach described in this paper is a contribution to this class of problems.
Model order reduction techniques applied to magnetodynamic T-Ω-formulation
Authors: Müller Fabian , Crampen Lucas , Henneron Thomas , Clénet Stephane , Hameyer Kay 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to use different model order reduction techniques to cope with the computational effort of solving large systems of equations. By appropriate decomposition of the electromagnetic field problem, the number of degrees of freedom (DOF) can be efficiently reduced. In this contribution, the Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD) and the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) are used in the frame of the T-Ω-formulation, and the feasibility is elaborated.

Design/methodology/approach
The POD and the PGD are two methods to reduce the model order. Particularly in the context of eddy current problems, conventional time-stepping algorithms can lead to many numerical simulations of the studied problem. To simulate the transient field, the T-Ω-formulation is used which couples the magnetic scalar potential and the electric vector potential. In this paper, both methods are studied on an academic example of an induction furnace in terms of accuracy and computational effort.

Findings
Using the proposed reduction techniques significantly reduces the DOF and subsequently the computational effort. Further, the feasibility of the combination of both methods with the T-Ω-formulation is given, and a fundamental step toward fast simulation of eddy current problems is shown.

Originality/value
In this paper, the PGD is combined for the first time with the T-Ω-formulation. The application of the PGD and POD and the following comparison illustrate the great potential of these techniques in combination with the T-Ω-formulation in context of eddy current problems.
Managing open innovation from a knowledge flow perspective: the roles of embeddedness and network inertia in collaboration networks
Authors: Shi Xiaoxiao , Lu Lu , Zhang Wei , Zhang Qingpu 
Published: May 2020

PurposeBuilding on theories of inter-organizational knowledge flows and social network, we explored how two types of collaboration network embeddedness (NE) (i.e. structural embeddedness (SE) and relational embeddedness (RE)) drive firms' inbound and outbound open innovation (OI) practices from a knowledge flow perspective, and further examined these relationships are to what extent contingent on network inertia (NI).Design/methodology/approachIn this empirical research, the authors collected a sample of patents in the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) industry over the period of 2000–2018. Then the authors examined the direct roles of SE and RE in collaboration networks on firms' inbound and outbound OI practices from a knowledge flow perspective, and the moderating role of NI by using negative binomial regression.FindingsEmpirical results from our study of 96 firms showed that both bridging structural holes position in collaboration networks (i.e. SE) and having stronger tie strength (i.e. RE) would positively affects firms' inbound OI practices, whereas only having stronger tie strength in collaboration networks (i.e. RE) would facilitate outbound OI practices. In addition, NI strengthens the relationships between SE and firm OI practice, but weakens the positive roles of RE on firm OI practice.Originality/valueThis empirical research provides new insights into whether and how firms can grasp the benefits of collaboration NE to conduct OI activities by exploring NI contingencies. It further sheds lights on the scope of the NE–OI issue from a knowledge flow perspective by extending its research context to UAV industry.
Prescribers’ and dispensers' views about generic medicines and international non-proprietary name prescribing – a mixed methods study in Portugal
Authors: Pinho Micaela 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThis study aims to explore the views of pharmacy professionals (PPs) in Portugal about generic medicines and international non-proprietary name (INN) prescribing and compare them with the views of general practitioners (GPs).Design/methodology/approachA self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 185 community PPs and 85 GPs. Their perceptions were examined using a five-point Likert scale applied to statements focusing on five main topics of interest: motivation, safety, users’ perceptions and knowledge, advantages and disadvantages of generic medicines and INN prescribing. Daily experiences and suggestions for decreasing health and pharmaceutical expenses were explored through open-ended questions. Nonparametric tests were used to compare attitudes between both groups and to explore associations between the level of agreement and respondents’ demographic characteristics. Content analysis was used to categorize the answers to the open-ended questions.FindingsGenerally, GPs expressed more negative opinions toward generics and INN prescribing than PPs. GPs perceived generics as less effective, less safe, inferior in quality, more likely to cause side effects and believed that users do not trust them. Both groups believed that patients remain very confused and ill-informed about generics, only adhering to them because of their low cost and expressed concerns about the existence of an excessive number of generic medicines and the lack of patients’ responsibility toward medicines costs.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study represents the first attempt to elicit and compare Portuguese GPs and PPs opinions concerning INN prescribing.
Spending privately for education despite having a free public education policy: evidence from Sri Lankan household surveys
Authors: Pallegedara Asankha , Sisira Kumara Ajantha 
Published: May 2020

PurposeCompared to other neighbouring South Asian countries, Sri Lanka performs well in terms of education outcomes. Education is provided by the government for free from primary school level to the first-degree University level, yet households’ private education expenses are steadily increasing over time. Thus, this paper analyses trends and determinants of household private education expenditures using the country-wide micro-data from 1990 to 2013.Design/methodology/approachUsing Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 1990/91, 2002 and 2012/13 data along with annual school census data, this paper examines the relationship between private education expenditure patterns and the observed changes of reported both demand-side and supply-side factors. In particular, the present paper analyses determinants of household private education expenditures within the two-part model econometric framework by taking into account location and time fixed-effects.FindingsThe results show that trend of spending privately for education is increasing over time with rising household income. Rural, Tamil and Islamic households and those headed by less-educated members are less likely to spend privately for education. The results also confirm that improved-supply-side factors can significantly lower the household burden arising from out-of-pocket education expenditure.Research limitations/implicationsUnavailability of panel data and missing data on several districts due to security concerns are limitations of the study.Social implicationsThe trend of increasing private education expenses has implications on equity concerns of education in Sri Lanka, and it can undermine the purpose of free public education policy.Originality/valueTo our knowledge, this is the first study for Sri Lanka that examines patterns and determinants of private education expenditures using nationwide data for last two decades. This paper applies novel econometric techniques to account for various issues in household survey data analysis.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-07-2019-0445
The family grilling consumption experience in Mexico
Authors: Morton Flor , Treviño Teresa , Quintanilla Claudia 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the ritual, roles and symbolic meanings of family grilling consumption experiences in northeast Mexico.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopted a phenomenological approach and conducted 73 in-depth interviews and in situ observations during family grilling experiences.

Findings
Based on an examination of the phases, symbolic meanings, and ritual elements of grilling events in Mexico, the results of this study identify a third type of family food consumption ritual, the escape ritual, which has different characteristics than routine and festive family food consumption rituals.

Practical implications
The findings indicate the emergence of a more sophisticated family grilling experience that uses new accessories and products. Companies could align their marketing strategies for grilling products and segment their communication messages based on the roles of participants and the symbolic meanings identified in this study.

Originality/value
This research studies an experience in light of both ritual and escapism literature.
Women’s participation in the offshore and inshore fisheries entrepreneurship
Authors: Uduji Joseph Ikechukwu , Okolo-Obasi Elda Nduka , Asongu Simplice 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the multinational oil companies’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in Nigeria. Its special focus is to investigate the impact of the global memorandum of understanding (GMoU) on women involved in offshore and inshore fisheries entrepreneurship in the coastal communities of the Niger Delta region.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper adopts a survey research technique, aimed at gathering information from a representative sample of the population, as it is essentially cross-sectional, describing and interpreting the current situation. A total 800 respondents were sampled across the coastal communities of the Niger Delta region.

Findings
The results from the use of a combined propensity score matching and logit model indicate that the GMoU model is gender insensitive, as extensive inequality restrains fisherwomen’s participation in the offshore and inshore fisheries entrepreneurship, often due to societal norms and customs that greatly frustrate women’s development in fisheries.

Practical implications
This implies that if fisherwomen continue in this unfavourable position, their reliance on menfolk would remain while trying to access financial support and decision-making regarding fisheries entrepreneurship development.

Social implications
The inshore and offshore fisheries entrepreneurship development can only succeed if cluster development boards of GMoUs are able to draw all the resources and talents and if fisherwomen are able to participate fully in the GMoUs intervention plans and programme.

Originality/value
This research contributes to the gender debate in fisheries entrepreneurship development from a CSR perspective in developing countries and rationale for demands for social projects by host communities. It concludes that business has an obligation to help in solving problems of public concern, and that CSR priorities in Sub-Saharan Africa should be aimed towards addressing the peculiarity of the socio-economic development challenges of the countries and be informed by socio-cultural influences.
Analysis of free vibrations in transradially isotropic spherically symmetric thermoelastic spheres
Authors: Sharma Nivedita 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this manuscript is to study the vibration characteristics of the spherically symmetric solid and hollow spheres poised of a homogeneous thermoelastic material, based on the three dimensional coupled thermoelasticity.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, matrix Fröbenius series solution is used to derive the frequency equations, for the field functions. Results have been applied on rigidly fixed boundary conditions.FindingsThe main finding of this paper is that the frequency of vibration of spherically symmetric sphere (structure is independent of theta and phi) increases with the increase of radius, for solid spheres and for hollow spheres with thickness to mean radius ratio. Deformation in the given materials increases with thickness to mean radius ratio of the hollow sphere.Originality/valueA numerical simulation has been done with the help of functional iteration method for solid and hollow thermoelastic spheres made of zinc and poly methyl meth acrylate materials for different boundary conditions. The computer simulated results in contempt of frequency, damping of vibration modes and displacement have been obtained graphically and compared with the existed results.