bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroimaging of Cerebral Blood Flow and Sodium in Women with Lipedema
Authors: Petersen Kalen J. , Garza Maria , Donahue Paula M. C. , Harkins Kevin D. , Marton Adriana , Titze Jens , Donahue Manus J. , Crescenzi Rachelle 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveLipedema is characterized by pain, fatigue, and excessive adipose tissue and sodium accumulation of the lower extremities. This case‐control study aims to determine whether sodium or vascular dysfunction is present in the central nervous system.MethodsBrain magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 3 T in patients with lipedema (n = 15) and control (n = 18) participants matched for sex, age, race, and BMI. Standard anatomical imaging and intracranial angiography were applied to evaluate brain volume and vasculopathy, respectively; arterial spin labeling and sodium magnetic resonance imaging were applied to quantify cerebral blood flow (CBF) (milliliters per 100 grams of tissue/minute) and brain tissue sodium content (millimoles per liter), respectively. A Mann‐Whitney U test (significance criteria P < 0.05) was applied to evaluate group differences.ResultsNo differences in tissue volume, white matter hyperintensities, intracranial vasculopathy, or tissue sodium content were observed between groups. Gray matter CBF was elevated (P = 0.03) in patients with lipedema (57.2 ± 9.6 mL per 100 g/min) versus control participants (49.8 ± 9.1 mL per 100 g/min).ConclusionsFindings provide evidence that brain sodium and tissue fractions are similar between patients with lipedema and control participants and that patients with lipedema do not exhibit abnormal radiological indicators of intracranial vasculopathy or ischemic injury. Potential explanations for elevated CBF are discussed in the context of the growing literature on lipedema symptomatology and vascular dysfunction.
Oxidation time effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on thermal, mechanical, and cure kinetics of epoxy‐based nanocomposites
Authors: Frankowiak Juliana C. , Bello Roger H. , Coelho Luiz A. F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this work, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were oxidized in a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acid (3:1 v/v) using two distinct times (9 and 18 hours). The effects of different oxidation levels and concentrations of MWCNT on curing kinetics, thermal, and mechanical properties of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether nanocomposites were studied. The nanocomposites were produced using in situ polymerization technique at two different volume fractions (0.15% and 0.50% v/v) without using solvents. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that MWCNT were in fact oxidized and just 9 hours of acid treatment showed a greater amount of oxygen on the MWCNT surfaces. Results of differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis showed small variations in the glass transition temperatures of the nanocomposites, indicating alterations in the quality of the interphase matrix/carbon nanotubes. Concerning the thermogravimetric analysis results, the most thermally stable samples were those containing 0.15% v/v of pristine and 18 hours of oxidized MWCNT, which also had the highest stiffness of all nanocomposites. Finally, the cure kinetics of nanocomposites is fairly represented by Kamal and Sourour's semiempirical model with an autocatalytic behavior at 100°C and 120°C, but decelerated at 140°C.
Sustainable, rigid imide building blocks as promising substitutes for phthalic anhydride in alkyd resins
Authors: Hayden Douglas R , Papegaaij Alwin , Reuvers Bart , Buijsen Paul , Koning Cor 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNew, highly rigid bio‐based building blocks were synthesized from renewable raw materials. In a first reaction step, an imide was made from citraconic anhydride and the amino acid glycine. This imide was subsequently reacted with sorbic acid using Diels–Alder chemistry, furnishing a double‐ring structure. This new, very rigid renewable building block was then incorporated into alkyd resins by standard polycondensation chemistry and technology. The resulting, >80 wt% renewable, alkyd resins were evaluated as white paints in a preliminary way by solvent casting from xylene. The properties of the renewable coatings look promising, some even outperforming those of standard commercial alkyd resins. For further enhancing the sustainability of the systems discussed, turning these highly bio‐based alkyd resins into stable aqueous emulsions is a must. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Atomic Layer Deposition‐Assisted Fabrication of Co‐Nanoparticle/N‐Doped Carbon Nanotube Hybrids as Efficient Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Han HyukSu , Paik Ju Won , Ham MinJi , Kim Kang Min , Park Jin Kuen , Jeong Young Kyu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTransition metal (TM)‐based carbon hybrids have numerous applications in the field of regenerative electrochemical energy. The synergetic effects of high conductivity of carbon supports and abundant catalytic active sites in TMs make these hybrids promising oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts. However, strategies for modulating the catalytic active species in the above hybrids are limited despite being highly sought after. Furthermore, the exact roles of chemical species in the hybrids (e.g., N, C, or TM) mainly responsible for this high OER performance remain unknown. Herein, an innovative approach based on atomic layer deposition is developed to tune the true active species in Co nanoparticle/N‐doped carbon nanotube (Co/N‐CNT) hybrids. Specifically, the configuration predominantly promoting water oxidation in an alkaline medium is identified as pyridinic N–Co–C. Furthermore, a physicochemical intact interface between metallic Co nanoparticles and conductive N‐CNTs is demonstrated to induce synergetic effects for accelerating charge transfer and enhancing electrocatalytic activity as well as stability in the hybrid catalysts. The optimized hybrid catalyst is revealed to exhibit outstanding alkaline OER activity and stability, outperforming RuO2, a benchmark novel OER electrocatalyst.
Evolution in dynamic software product lines
Authors: Quinton Clément , Vierhauser Michael , Rabiser Rick , Baresi Luciano , Grünbacher Paul , Schuhmayer Christian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany software systems today provide support for adaptation and reconfiguration at runtime, in response to changes in their environment. Such adaptive systems are designed to run continuously and may not be shut down for reconfiguration or maintenance tasks. The variability of such systems has to be explicitly managed, together with mechanisms that control their runtime adaptation and reconfiguration. Dynamic software product lines (DSPLs) can help to achieve this. However, dealing with evolution is particularly challenging in a DSPL, as changes made at runtime can easily lead to inconsistencies. This paper describes the challenges of evolving DSPLs using an example cyber‐physical system for home automation. We discuss the shortcomings of existing work and present a reference architecture to support DSPL evolution. To demonstrate its feasibility and flexibility, we implemented the proposed reference architecture for two different DSPLs: the aforementioned cyber‐physical system, which uses feature models to describe its variability, and a runtime monitoring infrastructure, which is based on decision models. To assess the industrial applicability of our approach, we also implemented the reference architecture for a real‐world DSPL, an automation software system for injection molding machines. Our results provide evidence on the flexibility, performance, and industrial applicability of our approach.
Competition of technology standards in Industry 4.0: An innovation ecosystem perspective
Authors: Jiang Hong , Gao Sipeng , Zhao Shukuan , Chen Hong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the era of Industry 4.0, innovation of complex technology systems and the development of intelligent technologies rely on technology standards. Therefore, the competition of technology standards becomes vital for enterprises to gain competitive advantage. In order to help enterprises obtain competitive advantage by adopting the proper strategy in the competition of technology standards, this paper integrates the concept of innovation ecosystem with technology standard competition and develops a mechanism based on Lotka‐Volterra model. In specific, five possible results of technology standard competition are predicted, and corresponding strategic options for enterprises are discussed.
Network‐regulated organ allometry: The developmental regulation of morphological scaling
Authors: Vea Isabelle M. , Shingleton Alexander W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMorphological scaling relationships, or allometries, describe how traits grow coordinately and covary among individuals in a population. The developmental regulation of scaling is essential to generate correctly proportioned adults across a range of body sizes, while the mis‐regulation of scaling may result in congenital birth defects. Research over several decades has identified the developmental mechanisms that regulate the size of individual traits. Nevertheless, we still have poor understanding of how these mechanisms work together to generate correlated size variation among traits in response to environmental and genetic variation. Conceptually, morphological scaling can be generated by size‐regulatory factors that act directly on multiple growing traits (trait‐autonomous scaling), or indirectly via hormones produced by central endocrine organs (systemically regulated scaling), and there are a number of well‐established examples of such mechanisms. There is much less evidence, however, that genetic and environmental variation actually acts on these mechanisms to generate morphological scaling in natural populations. More recent studies indicate that growing organs can themselves regulate the growth of other organs in the body. This suggests that covariation in trait size can be generated by network‐regulated scaling mechanisms that respond to changes in the growth of individual traits. Testing this hypothesis, and one of the main challenges of understanding morphological scaling, requires connecting mechanisms elucidated in the laboratory with patterns of scaling observed in the natural world.This article is categorized under:

Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Regulation of Size, Proportion, and Timing
Comparative Development and Evolution > Organ System Comparisons Between Species
Application of diatomite for sorption of Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn from aqueous solutions: kinetic, thermodynamic studies and application of response surface methodology (RSM)
Authors: Piri Marziyeh , Sepehr Ebrahim , Samadi Abbas , Farhadi Khalil , Alizadeh Mohammad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractContamination of water and soil with toxic metals is a serious environmental issue. To study the Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn sorption behavior by diatomite, batch experiments were carried out with increasing levels of initial concentration (0–200 mg/L) under different contact times (0–360 min) and temperatures (283, 293, 303, and 313 K). The effects of concentration (0–200 mg/L), pH (3–6), and ionic strength (0.01–0.06 mol/L) on the sorption were modeled using response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that adsorption data were well‐fitted by the Langmuir equation. The sorption of metals intensified by increasing initial concentration and pH but ionic strength had inverse effect. High value for R2 (0.99) and adjusted R2 (0.99) showed that the removal of ions can be described by response surface method. One‐way ANOVA showed (p‐value < 0.0001) that quadratic model is the best model for determining the interaction of variables. The values of the sorption energy parameter from Dubinin–Radushkevich model (E < 8 kJ K−1 mol−1) and negative values of ∆G showed that the sorption of the metals was physical and spontaneous. The positive values of enthalpy (ΔH) indicated that the sorption reaction of metals was endothermic at 283–313 K.Practitioner points

Applications of diatomite increased the sorption of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu from aqueous solutions.

Diatomite, as low‐cost adsorbent, had significant potential to sorption of ions.

The sorption of heavy metals by adsorbent intensified by increasing initial concentration and pH but ionic strength had inverse effect.

High value for R2 (0.99) and adj‐R2 (0.99) showed that removal of metals can be described by response surface method (RSM) and the initial concentration of metal was the most significant factor.
Saccharomyces cerevisiaeandHanseniaspora uvarummixed starter cultures: Influence of microbial/physical interactions on wine characteristics
Authors: Pietrafesa Angela , Capece Angela , Pietrafesa Rocchina , Bely Marina , Romano Patrizia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe growing trend in the wine industry is the revaluation of the role of non‐Saccharomycesyeasts, promoting the use of these yeasts in association withSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Non‐Saccharomycesyeasts contribute to improve wine complexity and organoleptic composition. However, the use of mixed starters needs to better understand the effect of the interaction between these species during alcoholic fermentation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of mixed starter cultures, composed by combination of differentS. cerevisiaeandHanseniaspora uvarumstrains, on wine characteristics and to investigate the role of cell‐to‐cell contact on the metabolites produced during alcoholic fermentation. In the first step, threeH. uvarumand twoS. cerevisiaestrains, previously selected, were tested during mixed fermentations in natural red grape must in order to evaluate yeast population dynamics during inoculated fermentation and influence of mixed starter cultures on wine quality. One selected mixed starter was tested in a double‐compartment fermentor in order to compare mixed inoculations ofS. cerevisiae/H. uvarumwith and without physical separation. Our results revealed that physical contact betweenS. cerevisiaeandH. uvarumaffected the viability ofH. uvarumstrain, influencing also the metabolic behaviour of the strains. Although different researches are available on the role of cell‐to‐cell contact‐mediated interactions on cell viability of the strains included in the mixed starter, to our knowledge, very few studies have evaluated the influence of cell‐to‐cell contact on the chemical characteristics of wine.
Remote Sensing of Geodiversity as a Link to Biodiversity
Authors: Record Sydne , Dahlin Kyla M. , Zarnetske Phoebe L. , Read Quentin D. , Malone Sparkle L. , Gaddis Keith D. , Grady John M. , Costanza Jennifer , Hobi Martina L. , Latimer Andrew M. , Pau Stephanie , Wilson Adam M. , Ollinger Scott V. , Finley Andrew O. , Hestir Erin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTwo common approaches to conserving biodiversity are conserving the actors (species) and conserving the stage (habitat). Many management efforts focus on conserving the actors, but a major challenge to this strategy is uncertainty surrounding how species’ geographic ranges might shift in response to global change, including climate and land use change. The Nature Conservancy has moved to conserving the stage, with the aim of maintaining the processes that generate and support biodiversity. This strategy requires knowing how biodiversity responds to geodiversity—the abiotic features and processes that define the stage. Here we explore how remote sensing illuminates the relationship between biodiversity and geodiversity. We introduce a variety of geodiversity measures and discuss how they can be combined with biodiversity data. We then explore the relationship between biodiversity and geodiversity with tree biodiversity data from the US Forest Inventory and Analysis Program and geodiversity data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission as a case study and proof of concept. We find that whereas beta diversity was not well explained by geodiversity, both alpha and gamma diversities were positively related to geodiversity. We also outline the challenges and opportunities of using remote sensing to understand the relationship between biodiversity and geodiversity.
Scaling Functional Traits from Leaves to Canopies
Authors: Serbin Shawn P. , Townsend Philip A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this chapter, we begin by exploring the relationship between plant functional traits and functional diversity and how this relates to the characterization and monitoring of global plant biodiversity. We then discuss the connection between leaf functional traits and their resulting optical properties (i.e., reflectance, transmittance, and absorption) and how this related to remote sensing (RS) of functional diversity. Building on this, we briefly discuss the history of RS of functional traits using spectroscopy and imaging spectroscopy data. We include a discussion of the key considerations with the use of imaging spectroscopy data for scaling and mapping plant functional traits across diverse landscapes. From here we provide a review of the general methods for scaling and mapping functional traits, including empirical and radiative transfer model (RTM) approaches. We complete the chapter with a discussion of other key considerations, such as field sampling protocols, as well as current caveats and future opportunities.
Linking Foliar Traits to Belowground Processes
Authors: Madritch Michael , Cavender-Bares Jeannine , Hobbie Sarah E. , Townsend Philip A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAbove- and belowground systems are linked via plant chemistry. In forested systems, leaf litter chemistry and quality mirror that of green foliage and have important afterlife effects. In systems where belowground inputs dominate, such as grasslands, or in ecosystems where aboveground biomass is frequently removed by burning or harvesting, foliar traits may provide important information regarding belowground inputs via exudates and fine-root turnover. Many, if not most, of the plant traits that drive variation in belowground processes are also measurable via remote sensing technologies. The ability of remote sensing techniques to measure fine-scale biodiversity and plant chemistry over large spatial scales can help researchers address ecological questions that were previously prohibitively expensive to address. Key to these potential advances is the idea that remotely sensed vegetation spectra and plant chemistry can provide detailed information about the function of belowground processes beyond what traditional field sampling can provide.
Inflammation and fibrosis in Crohn’s disease: location-matched histological correlation of small bowel ultrasound features
Authors: Bhatnagar Gauraang , Rodriguez-Justo Manuel , Higginson Antony , Bassett Paul , Windsor Alastair , Cohen Richard , Halligan Steve , Taylor Stuart A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the utility of mural and extramural sonographic features of Crohn’s Disease as potential imaging biomarkers of inflammation and fibrosis against whole-mount histological sections.

Methods
Twelve Crohn’s disease patients (Mean age 35(25–69), 7 males) underwent small bowel ultrasound prior to small bowel resection. Two radiologists in consensus graded multiple parameters including mural, mucosal and submucosal thickness, submucosal/mesenteric echogenicity and clarity and mural Doppler signal in 50 selected bowel cross-sections. Matching with histological sampling sites was facilitated via scanning of the resected specimen. A histopathologist scored acute and chronic inflammation, and fibrosis (using histological scoring systems) following analysis of whole mount block sections. The association between sonographic observations and histopathological scores was examined via univariable and multivariable analysis.

Results
In univariate analyses, bowel wall thickness (regression co-efficient and 95% CI 0.8 (0.3, 1.3) p = 0.001), mesenteric fat echogenicity (8.7(3.0, 14.5) p = 0.005), submucosal layer thickness (7.4(1.2, 13.5) p = 0.02), submucosal layer clarity (4.4(0.6, 8.2) p = 0.02) and mucosal layer thickness (4.6(1.8, 7.4) p = 0.001) were all significantly associated with acute inflammation. Mesenteric fat echogenicity (674(8.67, 52404) p = 0.009), submucosal layer thickness (79.9(2.16, 2951) p = 0.02) and mucosal layer thickness (13.6(1.54, 121) p = 0.02) were significantly associated with chronic inflammation. Submucosal layer echogenicity (p = 0.03), clarity (25.0(1.76, 356) p = 0.02) and mucosal layer thickness (53.8(3.19, 908) p = 0.006) were significantly associated with fibrosis. In multivariate analyses, wall and mucosal thickness remained significantly associated with acute inflammation (p = 0.02), mesenteric fat echogenicity with chronic inflammation (p = 0.009) and mucosal thickness (p = 0.006) with fibrosis.

Conclusion
Multiple sonographic parameters are associated with histological phenotypes in Crohn’s disease although there is overlap between ultrasonic stigmata of acute inflammation, chronic inflammation and fibrosis.

Graphic Abstract
Effect of nicorandil administration on cardiac burden and cardio-ankle vascular index after coronary intervention
Authors: Sato Shuji , Takahashi Mao , Mikamo Hiroshi , Kawazoe Masayo , Iizuka Takuo , Shimizu Kazuhiro , Noro Mahito , Shirai Kohji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMyocardial injury is a problem associated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study aimed to clarify the role of nicorandil administration in preventing myocardial injury. This study included patients with stable angina who underwent PCI from November 2013 to June 2016. Of 58 consecutive patients, the first 20 patients received only saline infusion after PCI (control group); the other 38 patients received a continuous intravenous infusion of nicorandil and saline after PCI (nicorandil group). Troponin I and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels were measured. Vascular parameters, such as blood pressure (BP), cardiac output, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), and estimated systemic vascular resistance (eSVR), were measured. Troponin I of both groups increased 12 h after PCI. Changes in BNP levels between immediately after PCI and 12 h after PCI were significantly higher in the control than in the nicorandil group (10.8 ± 44.2 vs. − 2.6 ± 14.6 pg/ml, p = 0.04). In the nicorandil group, BP, eSVR, and CAVI decreased significantly at 12 h after PCI compared with those immediately after PCI (p < 0.0001), whereas no change was observed in the control group. In a single linear analysis, the change in BP (r = 0.36, p < 0.01) and nicorandil administration (r = − 0.47, p < 0.001) was significantly correlated with the change in CAVI, multiple regression analysis revealed that the changes in CO and eSVR were significant contributing factors for the changes in CAVI. PCI could result in myocardial injury and/or cardiac burden in patients with stable angina. Nicorandil administration after PCI may be effective in relieving the burden by decreasing arterial stiffness (CAVI).