bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high fat diet with a high C18:0/C16:0 ratio induced worse metabolic and transcriptomic profiles in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Wang Liqiang , Xu Fei , Song Zhenfeng , Han Dan , Zhang jingyi , Chen Linjun , Na Lixin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Differential effects of individual saturated fatty acids (SFAs), particularly stearic acid (C18:0) relative to the shorter-chain SFAs have drawn an interest for more accurate nutritional guidelines. But specific biologic and pathologic functions that can be assigned to particular SFAs are very limited. The present study was designed to compare changes in metabolic and transcriptomic profiles in mice caused by high C18:0 diet and high palmitic acid (C16:0) diet.
Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to a normal fat diet (NFD), a high fat diet with high C18:0 / C16:0 ratio (HSF) or an isocaloric high fat diet with a low C18:0 / C16:0 ratio (LSF) for 10 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance test, 72h-energy expenditure measurement and CT scan of body fat were done before sacrifice. Fasting glucose and lipids were determined by an auto-biochemical analyzer. Blood insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)，and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay methods. Free fatty acids (FFAs) profiles in blood and liver were determined by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Microarray analysis was applied to investigate changes in transcriptomic profiles in liver. Pathway analysis and Gene Ontology analysis were applied to describe the roles of differentially expressed mRNAs.
Results: Compared with NFD group, body weight, body fat ratio, fasting blood glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride, IL-6, serum and liver FFAs including total FFAs, C16:0 and C18:0 were increased in both high fat diet groups, which were much higher in HSF group than those in LSF group. There were much more differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in HSF mice than those in LSF mice, with distinguishable lncRNA, microRNA, and mRNA expression profiles between these two groups. And some biological functions and pathways, except for energy metabolism regulation, were identified that differentially expressed mRNAs between HSF group and LSF group probably involved in.
Conclusion: The high fat diet with a high C18:0/C16:0 ratio induced much severe glucose and lipid metabolic disorders and inflammation, and affected more lncRNAs and mRNAs expression than an isocaloric low C18:0/C16:0 ratio diet in mice.
Apolipoprotein B and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol reveal a high atherogenicity in individuals with type 2 diabetes and controlled low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
Authors: Fonseca Liliana , Paredes Sílvia , Ramos Helena , Oliveira José Carlos , Palma Isabel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Lipid-lowering therapy is guided by Low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), although the CVD risk could be better reflected by other lipid parameters. This study aimed the evaluation of a comprehensive lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and comparation of those achieving and not achieving LDL-c control in respect to other non-conventional lipid parameters. Methods: We characterized a comprehensive lipid profile in 96 T2DM patients. ESC/EAS 2016 and 2019 Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemias were used to define LDL-c targets. Atherogenic lipoprotein profile was compared in patients with LDL-c within and above the target. Results: Only 28.1% and 16.7% of patients had mean LDL-c levels within the 2016 and 2019 guidelines, respectively. In patients with LDL-c within target by the 2016 guidelines, 22%, 25% and 44% presented levels above the recommended range for non-HDL-c, ApoB and oxidized LDL-c, respectively, whereas accordingly to the 2019 guidelines, 50%, 39% and 44% had elevated levels of -HDL-c, ApoB and oxidized LDL-c, respectively. There was a significant strong association of LDL-c and non-HDL-c (r=0.850), ApoB (r=0.656) and oxidized LDL-c (r=0.508). Similarly, non-HDL-c was significantly strongly correlated with ApoB (r=0.808) and oxidized LDL-c (r=0.588). Conclusions: These findings emphasize the limitations of a sole LDL-c measurement for CV risk assessment. Targeting only LDL-c could result in missed opportunities for CV risk reduction in T2DM individuals. Our data suggest that non-HDL-c, ApoB and oxidized LDL-c could be considered as part of these patients’ evaluation allowing a more accurate estimation of CV risk and treatment among these high-risk patients.
Influences of advanced glycosylation end products on the inner blood-retinal barrier in a co-cultural cell model in vitro
Authors: Yuan Chen , Mo Ya , Yang Jie , Zhang Mei , Xie Xuejun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) are harmful factors that can damage the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB). However, their effects on iBRB co-culture models in vitro have not been reported. This study is to understand the interactive effects of different concentrations of AGEs at different time points on rat retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMEC) and rat retinal Müller glial cell (RMGC) co-culture models. Methods: RMEC of Sprague-Dawley rat was isolated and cultured, identified by anti-CD31 flow cytometry and immunocytometry with von Willebrand factor polyclonal antibody. Similarly, RMGC of Sprague-Dawley rat was identified by H&E staining, and immunohistochemical method with antibodies of Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamine synthetase (GS). The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value was measured with the Millicell electrical resistance system to observe the leakage of the barrier. The Transwell cell for co-cultured RMEC with RMGC were used to construct an iBRB model and tested with the addition of AGEs at final concentrations of 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L, respectively, for 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours.Results: AGEs in vitro iBRB model constructed by RMEC and RMGC co-culture led to the imbalance of VEGF and PEDF, and the permeability of the RMEC layer increased because TEER decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In the AGEs intervention the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was increased, while pigment epithelial derivative factor (PEDF) decreased, respectively, in a dose- and time-dependent manner by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Conclusions: The intervention with AGEs led to change of the RMEC layer transendothelial resistance and ratio of VEGF/PEDF. The iBRB in vitro model is a good tool to study the pathogenesis of retinal vascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and to evaluate the candidate drugs on the diseases.
Detection of carbapenemase-resistant Enterobacterales in blood culture in 15 minutes
Authors: Baer Daria , Azrad Maya , Saleh Nora , Peretz Avi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Bacteremia leading to sepsis and organ dysfunction is a life-threatening situation. One major challenge in treatment of sepsis is the uprising prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria, such as Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). In recent years several molecular assays have been developed for the detection of CRE mechanisms, enabling rapid results reporting. We evaluated the performance of NG-Test CARBA 5 (NG Biotech) kit for detection of CRE, directly from patients’ blood culture.Methods: Carbapenemase-producing (CP) CRE-positive isolates (n=38) and non-carbapenemase CRE (non-CP) isolates (n=10), previously identified using the routine methods practiced at the clinical microbiology laboratory of the Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Israel were used in this analysis. Variable concentrations of the bacterial isolates were added to a suspension composed of blood unit and saline simulating the composition of a blood culture. Samples were then transferred to an anaerobic blood culture bottle and later tested it with the NG-Test CARBA 5 (NG Biotech) kit, that identifies the CRE mechanism in 15 minutes.Results: The NG-Test CARBA 5 kit correctly identified 43 samples (89.5%). The sensitivity and specificity of the kit were 86.8% and 100%, respectively.Conclusions: The NG-Test CARBA 5 kit is a reliable and accessible tool for the rapid diagnosis of CRE bloodstream infections.
Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Coastal Water: An Emerging Threat
Authors: Cohen Regev , Paikin Svetlana , Rokney Assaf , Rubin-Blum Maxim , Astrahan Peleg 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background To assess the environmental aspects of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) epidemiology in nearshore aquatic bodies.MethodsEnterobacteriaceae were cultured from coastal and estuary water near Netanya, Israel in June and July of 2018. Growth rates in freshwater and seawater media were determined. Bacteria were identified by VITEK2® and their antimicrobial susceptibility was tested according to the CLSI guidelines. Enterobacteriaceae genomes were sequenced to elucidate their resistome and carbapenemase types. ResultsAmong other clinical strains, four CPE were isolated from two river estuaries (Poleg and Alexander Rivers) and from coastal water at a popular recreational beach (Beit Yanai). Molecular analysis and genome sequencing revealed the persistent presence of rare beta-lactamase resistance genes, including blaIMI-2 and a previously unknown blaIMI-20 allele, which were not found among the local epidemiological strains. Genome comparisons revealed the high identity of riverine and marine CPE that were cultivated month apart. Growth rate measurements show that the environmental strains grow best is freshwater, yet viable in marine media. ConclusionsWe suggest that nearshore CPE contamination may originate from a single source via a riverine route, based on the high similarity of riverine and marine CPE genomes, and the viability of these bacteria in marine and freshwater media. We discuss the clinical implications of these findings, and stress the urgent need to assess the role of the aquatic environment in CPE epidemiology.
High intensity exercise downregulates FTO mRNA expression during the early stages of recovery in young males and females
Authors: Danaher Jessica , Stathis Christos G. , Wilson Robin A. , Moreno-Asso Alba , Wellard R. Mark , Cooke Matthew B. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Physical exercise and activity status may modify the effect of fat mass- and obesity-associated (FTO) genotype on body weight and obesity risk. To understand the interaction between FTO’s effect and physical activity, the present study investigated the effects of high and low intensity exercise on FTO mRNA and protein expression, and potential modifiers of exercise-induced changes in FTO in healthy-weighted individuals. Methods Twenty-eight untrained males and females (25.4 ± 1.1 years; 73.1 ± 2.0 kg; 178.8 ± 1.4 cm; 39.0 ± 1.2 ml.kg.min -1 VO 2peak ) were genotyped for the FTO rs9939609 (T>A) polymorphism and performed isocaloric (400 kcal) cycle ergometer exercise on two separate occasions at different intensities: 80% (HI) and 40% (LO) VO 2peak . Skeletal muscle biopsies ( vastus lateralis ) and blood samples were taken pre-exercise and following 10 and 90 mins passive recovery.Results FTO mRNA expression was significantly decreased after HI intensity exercise ( p =0.003). No differences in basal and post-exercise FTO protein expression were evident between FTO genotypes. Phosphorylated AMPK and AS160 were significantly increased following HI intensity exercise ( p <0.05). Multivariate models of metabolomic data (O2PLS-DA) were unable to detect any significant metabolic differences between genotypes with either exercise trial ( p >0.05). However, skeletal muscle glucose accumulation at 10 mins following HI ( p =0.021) and LO ( p =0.033) intensity exercise was greater in AA genotypes compared to TT genotypes. Conclusion Our novel data provides preliminary evidence regarding the effects of exercise on FTO expression in skeletal muscle. Specifically, high intensity exercise downregulates expression of FTO mRNA and suggests that in addition to nutritional regulation, FTO could also be regulated by exercise.
Sleep Deprivation Induces Neuroinflammation and Depressive-like Behaviors by Impairing the Regulation of Circadian Clock Genes Expression in Rats
Authors: Xing Chen , Zhou Yanzhao , Xu Huan , Ding Mengnan , Zhang Yifan , Hu Meiru , huang xin , Song Lun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Sleep loss leads to a spectrum of mood disorders such as anxiety, cognitive dysfunction and motor coordination impairment in many individuals. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Methods: In this study, we examined the effects of sleep deprivation (SD) on depression and the mechanism by subjecting rats to a slowly rotating platform for 3 days to mimic the process of sleep loss. Sleep-deprived animals were tested behaviorally for anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. We further studied the effects of SD on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, and at the end of the experiment, brains were collected to measure the circadian clock genes expression in the hypothalamus, glial cell activation and inflammatory cytokine alterations. Results: Our results indicated that SD for 3 days resulted in anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. SD exaggerated cortisol response to HPA axis, significantly altered the mRNA profile of circadian clock genes, and induced neuroinflammation by increasing the expression of glial cell markers, including the microglial marker ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) and the astroglial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The expression of M1 and M2 microglial markers (Arg-1 and CD206, respectively) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) were increased in the brain. Conclusion: These results indicated that SD for 3 days induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in rats by impairing the regulation of circadian clock genes and inducing neuroinflammation, ultimately resulting in brain injury.
Detection of endometriosis using immunocytochemistry of P450 Aromatase expressions in eutopic endometrial cells obtained from menstrual sloughing: A diagnostic study
Authors: Madjid Tita Husnitawati , Jumadi  , Judistiani Raden Tina Dewi , Hernowo Bethy Suryawathy , Faried Ahmad 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective. To explore the possibility of a new diagnostic approach of endometriosis based on immunocytochemistry scoring of Aromatase P450 expressions in endometrial cells collected from menstrual sloughing. This is a case control study. Immuncytochemistry scores vs. histopathological examination in one tertiary- and secondary-level hospital in Bandung; two secondary level hospital in Garut and Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia. Thirty five patients with and without endometriosis were enrolled. All subjects had diagnostic procedures for endometriosis suspicion, with addition menstrual blood samples for cytopathological examination. The specimens were sent for immunocytochemistry assessment of P450 Aromatase expressions (ICAPEC). The previous procedure resulted in cut-off point of histo score (H-score), sensitivity, specificity, (+) and (-) ICAPEC predictive value.Results. The P450 Aromatase expression in endometrial cells of women with endometriosis was significantly stronger than without one. The cut-off point of H-scores to detect endometriosis was >4. By this criteria, H-score had 94.6% sensitivity, 90.9% specificity, 92% positive predictive value and 93% negative predictive value. Immunocytochemistry scoring of Aromatase P450 expression in endometrial cells (ICAPEC) derived from menstrual blood specimen was a good candidate as alternatives approach in diagnostic procedure of endometriosis. Application and evaluation in clinical practice would provide the economically benefit in diagnostic procedure.
Factors Influencing Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in patients with CMVD and OCAD
Authors: Mayala Henry Anselmo , Magesa Mafuru , Mkangala Abdalah , Mayala Mark , Pallangyo Pedro , Minja Dickson , Janabi Mohamed , Zhao-hui Wang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective: The aim of our research was to evaluate the relationship involving LVEF, LDL, BNP, Troponin I and CFR, and to determine the predictors of LVEF in patients with CMVD and OCAD, and in patients with CMVD.

Results: The mean age was 58.5±12.5 years. Approximately 60% of the patients were women. Chest pain was the common symptom in both conditions around 45% followed by chest tightness which was 25%. In patients OCAD and CMVD we found low density lipoprotein-c (LDL-c) had significant inverse relationship with LVEF (r= -0.323, P= 0.042), LVEF also had significant negative relationship with BNP, and Troponin-I. While a significant direct relationship turned out to be observed linking LVEF with CFR (r= 0.422, P=0.007). Left ventricular ejection fraction had significant negative relationship with LDL-C (r= -0.489, P=0.029), and BNP (r= -0.472, P=0.035) in patients with OCAD only. Age, blood pressure, lipid levels, RDW, HbA1C, symptoms, NYHA classification, Alcohol drinking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, troponin levels and BNP were the predictors for LVEF in CMVD patients. We depicted a strong negative relationship between LVEF and biomarkers (LDL-c, BNP, Troponin-I), with a significant positive association between LVEF and CFR.
VAL-U: Psychometric properties of a Values and Civic Attitudes Scale for University Students’ Service-Learning
Authors: Ruiz-Ordóñez Yolanda , Mateu Amparo Salcedo , Turbi-Pinazo Ángel Manuel , Novella-García Carlos , Moret-Tatay Carmen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The service-learning disciplines can offer a unique opportunity for civic development in university students, as there is a large body of research that links them to values and civic attitudes regarding a vast number of ecological issues and citizen variables. Moreover, one should bear in mind that these students are future generations that will face many pressing social and environmental issues of a citizen nature. Methods: given the need to develop instruments to measure the impact of a learning-service methodology in university students’ values as well as civic attitudes, as the University can be considered a learning step prior to the professional field, the current scale was proposed for the Spanish University population. The main objective of this study was to analyse the internal consistency and factor structure of the proposed VAL-U scale in the Spanish population. Results: The scale confirmed good psychometric properties. Furthermore, the results have shown high reliability and optimal goodness of fit indices. Conclusions: the VAL-U scale might be considered a valuable tool for assessing resilience in the Values and Civic Attitudes Scale for Spanish-speaking University Students’ Service-Learning.
MRI Guided Surgical Planning and 3D Procedure Simulation for Partial Gland Cryoablation of the Prostate
Authors: Wake Nicole , Rosenkrantz Andrew B. , Sodickson Daniel K. , Chandarana Hersh , Wysock James S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose This study reports on the development of a novel 3D surgical planning technique to provide pre-ablation treatment planning for partial gland prostate cryoablation (cPGA). Methods Consecutive patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-visible (PI-RADS v2 score ≥ 3) and biopsy confirmed prostate cancer undergoing partial gland cryoablation (cPGA) (n=20) were prospectively enrolled in an IRB approved study investigating advanced methods of data visualization for treatment planning. All patients enrolled in the study underwent image segmentation of the prostatic capsule, index lesion, urethra, rectum, and neurovascular bundles based upon multi-parametric MRI data. Segmented imaging data were converted to 3D, 3D prostate models were viewed in computer-aided design (CAD) software, and virtual cryotherapy probes with -40°C isotherm volumes were created. Pre-treatment 3D prostate cancer models derived from MRI data were utilized to predict the number of and placement of cryotherapy probes to achieve confluent treatment volume. Treatment efficacy was measured with 6 month post-operative MRI, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) at 3 and 6 months, and treatment zone biopsy results at 6 months were evaluated. Outcomes from 3D planning were compared to outcomes from a series of 20 patients undergoing cPGA using traditional 2D planning techniques. Results The number of cryotherapy probes utilized matched the 3D plan in 16/20 (80%) of patients. 3D planning predicted a greater number of cryoprobes than 2D planning. Treatment zone biopsy was performed in 13/17 patients in the 3D cohort and was negative in 12 of these (92.9%). For the 3D group, 6 month biopsy was not performed in 4 (20%) due to undetectable PSA, negative MRI, and negative MRI Axumin PET. For the group with traditional 2D planning, treatment zone biopsy was positive in 3/14 (21.4%) of the patients, p = 0.056). Conclusions 3D prostate cancer models derived from mpMRI data provide novel guidance for planning confluent treatment volumes for cPGA. This study prompts further investigation into the use of 3D treatment planning techniques.
Determinants of Glycemic Control among Urban Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A mediation analysis from real-world evidence
Authors: Silva-Tinoco Rubén , Cuatecontzi-Xochitiotzi Teresa , Torre-Saldaña Viridiana De la , León-García Enrique , Serna-Alvarado Javier , Orea-Tejeda Arturo , Castillo-Martínez Lilia , Gay Juan G. , de-León David Cantú , Prada Diddier 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Evidence suggests there is a relationship between determinants of health and worse diabetes outcomes, especially among individuals with low socioeconomic status and education level. Few studies have shown the relationship between diabetes knowledge, self-care behaviors, and clinical outcomes in low-income urban populations. This study aimed to explore the determinants of glycemic control (GC) in a low-income urban population and to provide insight into the pathways of the effect of diabetes knowledge on GC. Methods A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with type 2 diabetes (PwD) from 28 primary care outpatient centers located in Mexico City. Using the multivariable-adjusted models, we determined the associations between diabetes knowledge, self-care behaviors, and GC. The mediation analyses used linear regression models, where the significance of indirect effects was calculated with bootstrapping. Results The population (N=513) had a mean age of 53.8 years (standard deviation: 11.3 yrs.), and 65.9% were women. Both socioeconomic status and level of education were directly associated with diabetes knowledge. Using multivariable-adjusted linear models, we found that diabetes knowledge was associated with GC (β: -0.102, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] -0.189, -0.014). Diabetes knowledge was also independently associated with self-care behavior (for physical activity: β: 0.181, 95% CI 0.088, 0.273), and self-care behavior was associated with GC (for physical activity: β: -0.112, 95% CI -0.194, -0.029).The association between diabetes knowledge and GC was lost after adjustment for self-care behaviors, especially physical activity (β: -0.084, 95% CI -0.182, 0.014, p -value: 0.062). Finally, the mediation models showed that the effect of diabetes knowledge on GC was 17% independently mediated by physical activity ( p -value: 0.049). Conclusions Socioeconomic and educational gradients influence diabetes knowledge among primary care patients with type 2 diabetes. Self-care activities, particularly physical activity, mediated the effect of diabetes knowledge on GC. Our results indicate that diabetes knowledge should be reinforced in low-income PwD, with an emphasis on the benefits physical activity has on improving GC.