bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic Environment Effect: Foreign Investment Variables, Exports and Dollar Exchange Rates
Authors: Hariyani Diyah Santi , Liliek Nur S , Rezawati Helda 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The increase of foreign debt can be affected by inter-state trade in which there are foreign investment, exports, and imports. The value of foreign investment, exports, and imports of a country is affected by the dollar exchange rate. This study aims to test empirically the influence of foreign investment, exports and imports of foreign debt with the dollar exchange rate as an intervening variable. The data used in this study are secondary data which is available at Bank of Indonesia (BI), The Ministry of Finance, UNCTAD FDI / TNC database and BPS data from 1986 to 2017. The data analysis technique used is path analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, foreign investment variables, exports and dollar exchange rates do not directly affect foreign debt, but imports directly affect foreign debt. Dollar exchange rate as an intervening variable for export and import variables has an indirect influence on foreign debt in Indonesia in from 1986 to 2017, while foreign investment variable on foreign debt of dollar rate does not become an intervening variable.
Critical Philosophical Study on Policy in Educational Institution: Response to the global competitive environment
Authors: Sathasivan  , Dodi Limas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article explores the development of compensation and rewards policies in educational institution. The global era with its systematized characteristics makes educational institutions have to reformulate how they should appreciate the performance of their employees. The performance of an organization or institution, including educational institution, always strongly associated with the welfare of its employees. Basically, educational institutions need the same stimulation as other institutions, especially in terms of financial administration. the concept of compensation and reward becomes an aspect that must be pursued because it can motivate employee performance to improve over time. However, it will always be associated with compensation and rewards given to them. This article compiled by using literature study of qualitative approach. This article will also be fitted with some discussion about the essence of compensation and rewards, the Islamic viewpoint of it, and the types of each, by reviewing some of literature on human resources. Providing adequate compensation and rewards will greatly help improve employee performance, even though the amount is not so large. However, the essence of providing compensation and the award is as a form of empathy shown by the management of the educational institution to its employees. Compensation and rewards management is absolutely necessary in order to maintain optimum performance of all members in an educational institution. The policies should be determined equally and wisely so that the performance of all parties are always in a good condition and it will surely increasing day after day. Therefore, the development of compensation and rewards policies must be carried out continuously.
Perspective of Constitutional Law: The Right of Inquiry of People’s Representative Environment
Authors: Fahmi Sudi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to examine the authority of the Parliament in the use of the right of inquiry according to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and to explore the legal consequences of the implementation of right of inquiry within Indonesian system. This normative legal research employs a qualitative approach, i.e. legislation, concept, historical, philosophy and case. The sources of legal material consist of primary, secondary and tertiary legal sources based on literature research. The descriptive analysis on the legal material is presented in interpretative, evaluative and argumentative analyses. The results of the research reveals the authority of People’s Representative Council, alternatively called the House of Representatives (DPR) uses the right of inquiry according to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia as part of carrying out the function of supervision and the balance of the executive power. The meaning of the right of inquiry of the DPR of the Republic of Indonesia as a form or an implementation of the supervisory function of other branches of power and in accordance with the principle of check and balance for the realization of balanced power. Furthermore, the legal consequences of the right of inquiry in Indonesia’s constitutional system can provide a reason for the DPR to deliver opinions about violations committed by the government or the President.
Increasing Sweet Corn Production: Fertilizing Zea Mays Saccharata, Sturt Context in Pekanbaru. Indonesia
Authors: Surtinah Surtinah 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Sweet corn production in Pekanbaru is still low when compared with national production. This is due to environmental factors dominated by the Red Yellow Podsolik lands (PMK). The data were analyzed by qualitative descriptive by comparing between fertilized and untreated fertilizers and compared with descriptions of sweet corn yields that can be achieved. Fertilization in the cultivation of sweet corn proved to increase the yield of sweet corn in various regions. The soil for sweet corn cultivation in Pekanbaru should be given organic or inorganic fertilizers and organizer substances. The combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers is recommended to be tested, this is related to the efficient use of inorganic fertilizers. Biological organic fertilizers are recommended to be tested on sweet corn cultivation in locations with PMK type of soil.
Electricity Used in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) 1 Pekanbaru: Saving or Wasteful Situation?
Authors: Halilintar Masnur Putera , Arlenny  , Kurniawan  , Zondra Elvira 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This research was conducted at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri I (MIN 1), a state Islamic elementary school in Pekanbaru. The school is located on Jalan Sumatra Pekanbaru. The school consists of 21 classrooms, one teacher’s room, one administration' room. 1 Principal's office, 1 Vice Principal room, and one emergency room. The buildings use electricity as the source of energy for daily activities, such as for lighting, computer, printers, scanners, water pump, air conditioners and many more. From the data of the research, the electricity is not become a problem for schools, because of the fewer uses of power in educational activities — the use of electrical energy only for lighting the classrooms if the weather not good. The electricity mostly used for office and administration activities such as for the computer, printers, air conditioning, and teaching activities. From the data and the electrical used by MIN 1 Pekanbaru are not too high.
Level Subgroup Homomorphism in Fuzzy Subgroup
Authors: Rahmawati Miftah Sigit , Kahar Muhammad Syahrul , Amri Irman , Soekarta Rendra 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
For all arbitrary set X with characteristic functions is known as fuzzy subsets. On group X, fuzzy subgroups can be formed appropriate with some axioms. In fuzzy subgroup there is sub set with some properties that known as level subgroups of fuzzy subgroup. This paper investigated the properties that exist on fuzzy subgroups. The properties associated with the image and pre-image homomorphism of fuzzy subgroups. Furthermore, investigated some properties associated with image and pre-image an level subgroup homomorphism on fuzzy subgroup
Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumors of the Ovary
Authors: Ye Yuhong , Lv Chengyu , Xu Songhua , Chen Yupeng , Qian Ru , Wang Pengcheng , Wang Shie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective
To explore the clinical and pathologic features of ovarian juvenile granulosa cell tumors (JGCTs).

Methods
Clinical data, histopathologic observations, immunohistochemical results, FOXL2 mutation status, and follow-up information of 7 JGCT cases were studied.

Results
The patients most commonly presented with abdominal distension and pain (5 cases), followed by precocious puberty (1 case) and a pelvic mass (1 case). Six patients had stage I disease, and 1 had stage IV disease. The microscopic examinations typically showed lobular growth punctuated by variably sized and shaped follicles. Rare features included a reticular-cystic appearance mimicking a yolk sac tumor (2 cases), a lobular appearance similar to a sclerosing stromal tumor (1 case), strands and cords (1 case), pseudopapillary appearance (2 cases), spindle cell appearance (1 case), microcystic appearance (1 case), hobnail cells (1 case), and rhabdomyoid cells (1 case). No FOXL2 mutation was encountered. After a median follow-up of 53 months, only 1 patient with a strongly diffuse TP53-positive tumor died of the disease, and 2 successfully had babies.

Conclusions
JGCT is a rare neoplasm with a wide morphologic spectrum and is easily confused with other tumors. Familiarity with the characteristics, rare atypical appearances, and immunohistochemical results may aid in obtaining a correct diagnosis.
Predicting the stability of mutant proteins by computational approaches: an overview
Authors: Marabotti Anna , Scafuri Bernardina , Facchiano Angelo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A very large number of computational methods to predict the change in thermodynamic stability of proteins due to mutations have been developed during the last 30 years, and many different web servers are currently available. Nevertheless, most of them suffer from severe drawbacks that decrease their general reliability and, consequently, their applicability to different goals such as protein engineering or the predictions of the effects of mutations in genetic diseases. In this review, we have summarized all the main approaches used to develop these tools, with a survey of the web servers currently available. Moreover, we have also reviewed the different assessments made during the years, in order to allow the reader to check directly the different performances of these tools, to select the one that best fits his/her needs, and to help naïve users in finding the best option for their needs.
Influence of Processing Pipeline on Cortical Thickness Measurement
Authors: Kharabian Masouleh Shahrzad , Eickhoff Simon B , Zeighami Yashar , Lewis Lindsay B , Dahnke Robert , Gaser Christian , Chouinard-Decorte Francois , Lepage Claude , Scholtens Lianne H , Hoffstaedter Felix , Glahn David C , Blangero John , Evans Alan C , Genon Sarah , Valk Sofie L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In recent years, replicability of neuroscientific findings, specifically those concerning correlates of morphological properties of gray matter (GM), have been subject of major scrutiny. Use of different processing pipelines and differences in their estimates of the macroscale GM may play an important role in this context. To address this issue, here, we investigated the cortical thickness estimates of three widely used pipelines. Based on analyses in two independent large-scale cohorts, we report high levels of within-pipeline reliability of the absolute cortical thickness-estimates and comparable spatial patterns of cortical thickness-estimates across all pipelines. Within each individual, absolute regional thickness differed between pipelines, indicating that in-vivo thickness measurements are only a proxy of actual thickness of the cortex, which shall only be compared within the same software package and thickness estimation technique. However, at group level, cortical thickness-estimates correlated strongly between pipelines, in most brain regions. The smallest between-pipeline correlations were observed in para-limbic areas and insula. These regions also demonstrated the highest interindividual variability and the lowest reliability of cortical thickness-estimates within each pipeline, suggesting that structural variations within these regions should be interpreted with caution.
Resistance-Conferring Mutations on Whole-Genome Sequencing of Fluoroquinolone-resistant and -Susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates: A Proposed Threshold for Identifying Resistance
Authors: Maruri Fernanda , Guo Yan , Blackman Amondrea , van der Heijden Yuri F , Rebeiro Peter F , Sterling Timothy R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is conferred by DNA gyrase mutations, but not all fluoroquinolone-resistant Mtb isolates have mutations detected. The optimal allele frequency threshold to identify resistance-conferring mutations by whole-genome sequencing is unknown.

Methods
Phenotypically ofloxacin-resistant and lineage-matched ofloxacin-susceptible Mtb isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing at an average coverage depth of 868 reads. Polymorphisms within the quinolone-resistance–determining region (QRDR) of gyrA and gyrB were identified. The allele frequency threshold using the Genome Analysis Toolkit pipeline was ~8%; allele-level data identified the predominant variant allele frequency and mutational burden (ie, sum of all variant allele frequencies in the QRDR) in gyrA, gyrB, and gyrA + gyrB for each isolate. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves assessed the optimal measure of allele frequency and potential thresholds for identifying phenotypically resistant isolates.

Results
Of 42 ofloxacin-resistant Mtb isolates, area under the ROC curve (AUC) was highest for predominant variant allele frequency, so that measure was used to evaluate optimal mutation detection thresholds. AUCs for 8%, 2.5%, and 0.8% thresholds were 0.8452, 0.9286, and 0.9069, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were 69% and 100% for 8%, 86% and 100% for 2.5%, 91% and 91% for 0.8%. The sensitivity of the 2.5% and 0.8% thresholds were significantly higher than the 8% threshold (P = .016 and .004, respectively) but not significantly different between one another (P = .5).

Conclusions
A predominant mutation allele frequency threshold of 2.5% had the highest AUC for detecting DNA gyrase mutations that confer ofloxacin resistance, and was therefore the optimal threshold.
Urbanising climate justice: constructing scales and politicising difference
Authors: Goh Kian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCentral debates in urban studies often appear to neglect the most urgent issues confronting cities and regions. Discourses on generalised urban processes, historical difference and planetary urbanisation rarely take, as a primary object of analysis, intertwined global climate change and urban change. Climate change is often considered generalised, affecting everyone everywhere. But its impacts are unevenly distributed and experienced. It links generalised processes and particular impacts and actions with implications for urban theory. This article builds on theories of multiscalar research and the politics of location to develop a conceptual framework of urban change through the lens of climate justice.
Technical Validity of a Customized Assay of Sensitivity to Endocrine Therapy Using Sections from Fixed Breast Cancer Tissue
Authors: Lau Rosanna , Du Lili , Chen Eveline , Fu Chunxiao , Gould Rebekah , Marczyk Michal , Sinn Bruno V , Layman Rachel , Bedrosian Isabelle , Valero Vicente , Symmans W Fraser 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
We translated a multigene expression index to predict sensitivity to endocrine therapy for Stage II–III breast cancer (SET2,3) to hybridization-based expression assays of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections. Here we report the technical validity with FFPE samples, including preanalytical and analytical performance.

Methods
We calibrated SET2,3 from microarrays (Affymetrix U133A) of frozen samples to hybridization-based assays of FFPE tissue, using bead-based QuantiGene Plex (QGP) and slide-based NanoString (NS). The following preanalytical and analytical conditions were tested in controlled studies: replicates within and between frozen and fixed samples, age of paraffin blocks, homogenization of fixed sections versus extracted RNA, core biopsy versus surgically resected tumor, technical replicates, precision over 20 weeks, limiting dilution, linear range, and analytical sensitivity. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was used to measure concordance between measurements.

Results
SET2,3 index was calibrated to use with QGP (CCC 0.94) and NS (CCC 0.93) technical platforms, and was validated in two cohorts of older fixed samples using QGP (CCC 0.72, 0.85) and NS (CCC 0.78, 0.78). QGP assay was concordant using direct homogenization of fixed sections versus purified RNA (CCC 0.97) and between core and surgical sample types (CCC 0.90), with 100% accuracy in technical replicates, 1–9% coefficient of variation over 20 weekly tests, linear range 3.0–11.5 (log2 counts), and analytical sensitivity ≥2.0 (log2 counts).

Conclusions
Measurement of the novel SET2,3 assay was technically valid from fixed tumor sections of biopsy or resection samples using simple, inexpensive, hybridization methods, without the need for RNA purification.
Can Consumers Distinguish Persistent from Transitory Income Shocks?
Authors: Druedahl Jeppe , Jørgensen Thomas H 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe degree to which consumers can distinguish persistent from transitory income shocks is paramount for consumption-saving dynamics. In particular, even a small amount of imperfect information causes a severe bias in conventional estimators of the marginal propensity to consume. We provide a novel method that can identify consumers’ degree of information by using panel data on income and consumption, even allowing for measurement error. Employing our method to data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we find that households have almost perfect information. This robust result indicates that the conventional estimators of the marginal propensity to consume are on firm ground.
An autoantibody profile detects Brugada syndrome and identifies abnormally expressed myocardial proteins
Authors: Chatterjee Diptendu , Pieroni Maurizio , Fatah Meena , Charpentier Flavien , Cunningham Kristopher S , Spears Danna A , Chatterjee Dipashree , Suna Gonca , Bos J Martjin , Ackerman Michael J , Schulze-Bahr Eric , Dittmann Sven , Notarstefano Pasquale G , Bolognese Leonardo , Duru Firat , Saguner Ardan M , Hamilton Robert M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aims
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is characterized by a unique electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern and life-threatening arrhythmias. However, the Type 1 Brugada ECG pattern is often transient, and a genetic cause is only identified in &lt;25% of patients. We sought to identify an additional biomarker for this rare condition. As myocardial inflammation may be present in BrS, we evaluated whether myocardial autoantibodies can be detected in these patients.

Methods and results
For antibody (Ab) discovery, normal human ventricular myocardial proteins were solubilized and separated by isoelectric focusing (IEF) and molecular weight on two-dimensional (2D) gels and used to discover Abs by plating with sera from patients with BrS and control subjects. Target proteins were identified by mass spectrometry (MS). Brugada syndrome subjects were defined based on a consensus clinical scoring system. We assessed discovery and validation cohorts by 2D gels, western blots, and ELISA. We performed immunohistochemistry on myocardium from BrS subjects (vs. control). All (3/3) 2D gels exposed to sera from BrS patients demonstrated specific Abs to four proteins, confirmed by MS to be α-cardiac actin, α-skeletal actin, keratin, and connexin-43, vs. 0/8 control subjects. All (18/18) BrS subjects from our validation cohorts demonstrated the same Abs, confirmed by western blots, vs. 0/24 additional controls. ELISA optical densities for all Abs were elevated in all BrS subjects compared to controls. In myocardium obtained from BrS subjects, each protein, as well as SCN5A, demonstrated abnormal protein expression in aggregates.

Conclusion
A biomarker profile of autoantibodies against four cardiac proteins, namely α-cardiac actin, α-skeletal actin, keratin, and connexin-43, can be identified from sera of BrS patients and is highly sensitive and specific, irrespective of genetic cause for BrS. The four involved proteins, along with the SCN5A-encoded Nav1.5 alpha subunit are expressed abnormally in the myocardium of patients with BrS.
A refined slip distribution of the 2013 Mw 6.7 Lushan, China earthquake constrained by GPS and levelling data
Authors: Chen Yunguo , Ding Kaihua , Wang Qi , He Ping , Li Shuiping , Qiao Xuejun 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYThe 2013 Lushan Mw 6.7 earthquake is the largest blind thrust event ever occurred on the southern segment of the Longmen Shan fault system. It has attracted extensive attention since it occurred 5 yr later following the 2008 Mw 7.8 Wenchuan destructive earthquake in this region. However, its slip distribution is still on debate due to the complex tectonic settings and limited near-field observations. In this study, we added some near-field GPS data, together with previously published GPS data and levelling data, and take consideration of possible coseismic and post-seismic effects caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, to construct a more accurate horizontal and vertical coseismic surface displacement field associated with the 2013 Lushan earthquake with a better spatial coverage. Then we invert for a refined slip distribution based on a flat-ramp-flat fault suggested by the relocated aftershock sequence and seismic imaging. Our preferred fault plane is striking southwest with 211° and dipping at varying angles of 4°, 35° and 12° separately for such a flat-ramp-flat geometry. The main rupture is roughly characterized by two asperities, including a round disk on the ramp with larger slips and an adjoining oval asperity on the shallow flat with smaller slips. The maximum slip is 1.2 m at 14.3 km focal depth, located at ∼20 km to the northwest of the GCMT epicentre. The released geodetic moment is 1.50 $\ \times $ 1019 Nm, equivalent to a Mw 6.7 earthquake. The slips on the fault plane clearly illustrate that this event is dominated by the thrusting and minor striking, which is consistent with its tectonic settings. Furthermore, if we assume the 2013 Mw 6.7 Lushan event to be the characteristic earthquake on the southern section of the Longmen Shan thrust zone, the accumulated strain should not be fully released by this strong event, and a potential seismic risk still exists in this region.