bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine-tuning Polygenic Risk Scores with GWAS Summary Statistics
Authors: Zhao Zijie , Yi Yanyao , Wu Yuchang , Zhong Xiaoyuan , Lin Yupei , Hohman Timothy J. , Fletcher Jason , Lu Qiongshi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPolygenic risk scores (PRSs) have wide applications in human genetics research. Notably, most PRS models include tuning parameters which improve predictive performance when properly selected. However, existing model-tuning methods require individual-level genetic data as the training dataset or as a validation dataset independent from both training and testing samples. These data rarely exist in practice, creating a significant gap between PRS methodology and applications. Here, we introduce PUMAS (Parameter-tuning Using Marginal Association Statistics), a novel method to fine-tune PRS models using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Through extensive simulations, external validations, and analysis of 65 traits, we demonstrate that PUMAS can perform a variety of model-tuning procedures (e.g. cross-validation) using GWAS summary statistics and can effectively benchmark and optimize PRS models under diverse genetic architecture. On average, PUMAS improves the predictive R2by 205.6% and 62.5% compared to PRSs with arbitrary p-value cutoffs of 0.01 and 1, respectively. Applied to 211 neuroimaging traits and Alzheimer’s disease, we show that fine-tuned PRSs will significantly improve statistical power in downstream association analysis. We believe our method resolves a fundamental problem without a current solution and will greatly benefit genetic prediction applications.
kSHREC ‘Delta’ reflects the shape of kinetochore rather than intrakinetochore tension
Authors: Renda Fioranna , Magidson Valentin , Tikhonenko Irina , Miles Christopher , Mogilner Alex , Khodjakov Alexey 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDistance between fluorescent spots formed by various kinetochore proteins (‘Delta’) is proposed to reflect the level of intrakinetochore tension (IKT). However, larger-scale changes in the kinetochore architecture may also affect Delta. To test this possibility, we measure Delta in long kinetochores of Indian muntjac (IM) whose shape, size, and orientation are discernable in conventional light microscopy. We find that architecture of IM kinetochores and the value of Delta change minimally when microtubule-mediated forces are suppressed by Taxol. In contrast, large decreases of Delta observed in Taxol-treated human cells coincide with prominent changes in length and shape of the kinetochore. We also find that inner and outer kinetochore proteins intermix within a common spatial compartment instead of forming separate thin layers. These observations, supported by computational modelling, suggest that changes in Delta reflect changes in the kinetochore shape rather than the level of IKT.
Missing chances to learn: a case study of barriers to near-miss reporting in a hospital
Authors: ElKhider Safa , Savage Barbara M. 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the barriers of near miss (NM) reporting among healthcare workers in a governmental hospital in Saudi Arabia.Design/methodology/approachThis is a mixed methods study, composed of a survey, followed by a set of semi-structured interviews which were conducted to get a more in depth understanding of some of the aspects covered in the questionnaire.FindingsThe research shows that the main barrier to reporting NMs in the hospital is a fear of professional and departmental consequences. Differences between employee groups are evident in their perceptions, special attention should be given to that when developing a programme to improve reporting.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, the sample size may not be representative of the hospital’s population, because the response rate from nurses was significantly higher than from professional groups. Second, the questionnaire only captures the perceptions of employees about these barriers and not the actual barriers. Those who did not respond to the questionnaires might hold different views to those who responded, providing bias in the results.Practical implicationsThese findings show that a focus on NMs in particular is lacking in Saudi Arabia, despite the valuable learning opportunities they may hold. Better understanding of these factors is likely to aid hospital leaders in talking the barriers identified, so that the potential of NM reports can be maximised to improve hospital systems.Originality/valueThis research draws attention to the attitudes of healthcare workers to NM reporting, most previous studies were focussed on the barriers of adverse events or error reporting in general, rather than NMs.
The influence of financial reporting quality and audit quality on investment efficiency
Authors: Shahzad Faisal , Rehman Ijaz Ur , Hanif Waqas , Asim Ghazanfar Ali , Baig Mushahid Hussain 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This study aims to empirically investigate the effect of financial reporting quality (FRQ) and audit quality (AQ) on the investment efficiency (IE) for the firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange during the period 2007-2014.

Design/methodology
The authors use pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) regression which cluster at the firm and year level to test the hypotheses. For sensitivity check, the authors also account for reverse causality and cross-sectional dependence by using the GMM and FGLS regression methods. Furthermore, the authors built their theoretical arguments based on alignment hypothesis of the agency theory and resource-based view of the firm.

Findings
The findings suggest that higher FRQ and AQ are associated with higher IE. The results for these particular estimates are robust when tested using alternative estimation techniques. Overall, the outcomes of this study are in line with the arguments presented by the alignment hypothesis of the agency theory and resource-based view of the firm.

Practical implications
This study is fruitful for policymakers’ and investors. This study finds that the audit done by the Big 4 also reduces the information gap and, thus, reduces the moral hazard and adverse selection problems, thereby enhancing the IE.

Originality
The authors extend the debate on determinates of IE and highlight two monitoring mechanisms: FRQ and AQ. The authors further extend the literature on the economic consequences of AQ in terms of IE, as proposed by Francis (2011). For the first time, this study investigates the impact of AQ on IE in a setting where minority shareholder risk of exploitation is high relative to other markets in Asia.
Determinants of IFRS compliance in Africa: analysis of stakeholder attributes
Authors: Tawiah Vincent , Boolaky Pran 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the drivers of companies’ compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) using the stakeholder salience theory.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors have used panel data from 205 companies to examine the IFRS compliance level across 13 African countries. This study has also established the relationship between stakeholders’ attributes and firms’ compliance with IFRS.

Findings
On IFRS compliance, the authors found that the average compliance score among the companies over the period was 73.09 per cent, with a minimum score of 62.86 per cent and a maximum of 85.61 per cent. The authors found a significant positive association between audit committee competence and compliance, as well as among chartered accountants on board. There is less compliance with the latest standards, such as IFRS 3, 7 and 13. Also, IAS 17, 19, 36 and 37 are problematic across the sample. The authors also found that compliance has been increasing over the years.

Practical implications
For companies, this study provides empirical evidence on the importance of having chartered accountants’ corporate boards, as well as competent audit committees involved in ensuring high compliance with IFRS. The findings also provide valuable information for professional accounting organizations on the role of their members (chartered accountants) in the effectiveness of IFRS compliance.

Originality/value
This study complements and updates prior studies on IFRS compliance with findings from Africa, a region that has been neglected in the literature. It provides empirical evidence on the importance of chartered accountants sitting on corporate boards in ensuring high compliance with IFRS.
The impact of the Chinese stimulus program on earnings management
Authors: Hao Qian , Shi Xiangyan , Bu Danlu , Li Liaoliao 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impacts of the 2008 Chinese stimulus program on earnings management.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a sample period from 2004 to 2011 (per-stimulus period: 2004-2007 and post-stimulus period: 2008-2011), the authors compare the change in earnings management between the firms that received the stimulus funds and those that did not receive the stimulus funds.

Findings
The authors find that from the pre- to post-stimulus period, the recipient firms experienced a greater increase in downward accrual management and a greater decrease in real management than the non-recipient firms did. This result is primarily driven by the non-state-owned enterprises and firms using non-Big-Four auditors.

Originality/value
The results suggest that the earnings management level is ultimately determined by the underlying economic and political factors influencing managers’ and auditors’ incentives (Cohen, 2008; Ball et al., 2003). Meanwhile, some mechanisms, such as high-quality audit (Eshleman and Guo, 2014) and state ownership (Wang and Yung, 2011) can also play a role in determining the level of earnings management.
The interaction between rational arguments and emotional appeals in the entrepreneurial pitch
Authors: Fernández-Vázquez José-Santiago , Álvarez-Delgado Roberto-Carlos 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThis study is concerned with the perlocutionary force of emotional strategies in entrepreneurship discourse. The purpose of this paper is to determine to what extent, and under what circumstances, emotional appeals may be effective to convince the conversational partner in entrepreneurship discourse.Design/methodology/approachTo examine the interaction between rational and emotional appeals this paper analyses a corpus formed by several examples of the “elevator pitch” genre, which have been taken from a TV programme calledTu Oportunidad(Your Chance), the Spanish counterpart of the BritishDragon’s Denand the AmericanShark Tank. Using the information gathered in the discursive analysis of the corpus, the paper establishes a template that identifies the main rational and emotional aspects that characterize the entrepreneurial pitch. In a second stage of the research, the template is used to conduct a quantitative analysis of the persuasive influence of rational and emotional aspects.FindingsThe results of the qualitative and quantitative research show that there is a clear correlation between the propensity to finance entrepreneurial ventures and the presence of rational aspects in the entrepreneurial pitch. The lack of rational arguments determines the failure of the entrepreneur’s efforts to be persuasive, regardless of the emotional appeals that are introduced into the pitch. Emotional appeals prove to be useful to reinforce rational arguments but they are not sufficiently persuasive on their own.Originality/valueThe paper offers insight into the criteria that investors take into account in order to evaluate entrepreneurial projects, as well as on the strategies that entrepreneurs should develop to build a successful business pitch.
The costs and benefits of going beyond the call of duty
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Kang Lakhwinder Singh 
Published: October 2019

PurposePast research has generally associated organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) with positive individual and organizational outcomes, paying little attention to its possible costs for individuals. Drawing from the conservation of resource theory (COR), the purpose of this paper is to address this gap by developing an integrative framework that simultaneously investigates the potential costs and benefits of OCB for individuals. In addition, the paper also investigates the down-streaming effects of OCB on workplace well-being (job satisfaction and affective commitment) favorably via psychological well-being and unfavorably via role overload.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 566 employees working in private sector banks in India was collected by using multi-stage random sampling approach. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypothesized relationships. Parallel mediation regression analysis was used for ascertaining the specific indirect effects of the two parallel mediators.FindingsResults indicate that OCBs targeted toward co-workers (OCBI), organization (OCBO) and customers (OCBC) were positively associated with psychological well-being. Simultaneously, OCBO was found to be positively associated with higher role overload. Further, psychological well-being and role overload mediated the effect of various dimensions of OCB on employees’ workplace well-being.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the existing literature by investigating both the beneficial and detrimental effects of various dimensions of OCB into one theoretical framework. By doing so, the study attempts to bridge the gap in the literature by linking these two divergent streams of research, i.e. whether OCB is beneficial or costly for individuals.
On a model for the prediction of asperity interactions of the coated friction pair
Authors: Gu Chunxing , Wang Shuwen 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Surface coatings have been introduced on the contact surfaces to protect the mechanical parts for a long time. However, in terms of the optimum design of coatings, some key coating parameters are still selected by trial and error. The optimum design of coatings can be conducted by numerical experiments. This paper aims to predict the contact behavior of the coated rough surfaces accurately. One improved asperity contact model for the coated rough surfaces considering the misalignment of asperities would be developed.

Design/methodology/approach
Incorporating the coated asperity contact model into the improved Greenwood Tripp-based statistical approach, the proposed model can predict the elastic-plastic behaviors of the interacting coated asperities.

Findings
According to numerical experiments, compared with the coated asperity contact model in which an equivalent rough surface against a plane is assumed, the improved asperity contact model for the coated contacts can account for the effect of permitting misalignment of two rough surfaces. The contacts having the thicker, stiffer and harder coatings result in higher asperity contact pressure and smaller real contact area fraction under the given Stribeck oil film ratio.

Originality/value
In this paper, one statistical coated asperity contact model for two rough surfaces was developed. The developed model can consider the elastic-plastic behavior of interacting coated asperities. The effects of the coating thickness and its mechanical properties on the contact behavior of the rough surfaces with coatings can be evaluated based on the developed model.
Influence of micro-groove attributes on frictional power loss and load-carrying capacity of hybrid thrust bearing
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Sharma Satish C. , Narwat Kuldeep 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Micro-surface texturing is emerging as a possible way to enhance the tribological performance of hydrodynamic fluid film bearings. In view of this, numerical simulations are carried out to examine the influence of surface texture on performance of hybrid thrust bearing system. This paper aims to determine optimum attributes of micro-grooves for thrust bearing operating in hybrid mode.

Design/methodology/approach
An iterative source code based on finite element formulation of Reynolds equation has been developed to numerically simulate flow of lubricant through the bearing. Mass-conserving algorithm based on Jakobsson–Floberg–Olsson (JFO) condition has been used to numerically capture cavitation phenomenon in the bearing. Gauss Siedel method has been used to obtain steady state performance parameters of the bearings.

Findings
A parametric study has been performed to improve the load supporting capacity of the bearing by optimizing micro-groove attributes and configuration. It is noticed that use of full-section micro-groove is beneficial in improving the efficiency of bearing by enhancing the fluid film reaction and reducing the film frictional power losses.

Originality/value
This study is helpful in examining the usefulness of micro-groove textured surfaces in hybrid thrust bearing applications.
Managing supplier flexibility performance as a relational exchange investment in make-to-stock versus make-to-order production environments
Authors: Ojha Divesh , Shockley Jeff , Rogers Pamela P. , Cooper Danielle , Patel Pankaj C. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to develop and test a model of buyer–supplier relational investment that links supply chain integration (SCI) to supplier flexibility performance (SFLEX) advantages in different manufacturing environments. Relational stability (RS) and information quality (IQL) are viewed as key indicators of intermediating commitment investments in supplier relationships to help support supplier accommodations for special requests for order flexibility. The model is applied to investigate the relative importance of manufacturer relational investments with suppliers in both make-to-stock (MTS) and make-to-order (MTO) production environments.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey of 206 US manufacturing firms was used to test the proposed research model using structural equation modeling and multiple-group analysis techniques.

Findings
Social exchange investments in relationship stability and information quality are found to fully mediate the positive performance relationship between supply chain integration and supplier flexibility performance for manufacturers. However, the relative importance of each form of investment in enhancing supplier flexibility performance varies based on the buyer’s (manufacturer’s) order fulfillment environment (make-to-stock versus make-to-order).

Originality/value
The proposed model may assist manufacturers make more informed relational exchange investments and supply chain configuration decisions that most conducive to enhancing supplier flexibility performance for different production environments.
I like you, but only if not too successful: male spokespersons effectiveness
Authors: Adıgüzel Feray , Donato Carmela 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to examine and compare the simultaneous effect of financially successful appeals and attractiveness for male spokespersons, as well as explain why and when this effect happens based on the viewer’s gender.Design/methodology/approachTwo studies were designed by manipulating the success (vs absent) and attractiveness (vs average looking) of a male spokesperson and compared his marketing effectiveness in terms of purchase intention and advertising attitude. Additionally, the influence of gender through the mediating effect of negative/positive affect was compared.FindingsParticipants indicated lower purchase intention and advertising attitude in light of the success appeal in both studies; however, this effect was influenced by attractiveness in case of high involvement product. Additionally, success had a greater effect on ad effectiveness than attractiveness. Only for males, negative affect mediated the relationship between ad effectiveness and exposure to a successful spokesperson.Practical implicationsPractitioners should be aware of the negative influence of a financially successful spokesperson overall, especially if he is also very attractive and the product is a high involvement one targeting males. On the contrary, attractiveness of a successful spokesperson might cancel out negative effects for those products targeting females.Originality/valueThis study differs from previous studies by considering the simultaneous effect of successful and/or attractive male spokespersons on adult sample instead of college students and examine the effects for high and low involvement product.
Information-rich, but time-poor
Authors: Galtrud Åse Garten , Byström Katriina 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse how elite politicians in opposition in the Norwegian parliament use information when responding to government propositions and investigate if Chatman’s small world conception can explain the socially and economically highly privileged groups’ approach to information.

Design/methodology/approach
The qualitative analysis of the data consisting of eight interviews with seven members of parliament (MPs) and one political advisor is based on a selective coding grounded to Chatman’s six propositions on life in the round.

Findings
The overall findings indicate that elite politicians’ information practices concentrate in mastering the flow of information and admitting attention selectively, but on broad topics. Whereas MPs information practices within an intentional approach (i.e. to be used in political responses and debates) aligned with the small world idea, the nebulous approach (i.e. keeping updated on societal issues) breaks the boundaries of their “small worlds”.

Originality/value
The study provides a glimpse into information practises of a little studied group, elite politicians. Moreover, it applies Chatman’s conception of small world in a novel manner.
Resistive factors of delaying IFRS adoption in Saudi Arabia listed firms
Authors: Yamani Amal , Almasarwah Adel 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThis study aims to explore and identify the factors that affect Saudi Arabia's decision concerning the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), and particularly the resistive factors that delay full IFRS adoption. It identifies the way in which Saudi Arabia’s social, political, educational and religious context influence the adoption of IFRS and the delay in doing so.Design/methodology/approachA mixed methodology is used in this research, including both quantitative (questionnaires) and qualitative (semi-structured interviews) data analysis. Whereas, using mixed methods led to enhance the results.FindingsThe findings show that globalisation, accounting bodies and political circumstances were found to be positively related to IFRS adoption in Saudi Arabia. In contrast, culture and accounting development were found to have a negative impact on the IFRS adoption. Interestingly, the results showed that religion has no effect on IFRS adoption in Saudi Arabia.Practical implicationsThis paper can be of use to both researchers and practitioners interested in investigating more resistive factors that could affect future IFRS adoption in developing countries. Moreover, the findings could be useful to senior managers and legislators in Saudi Arabia firms, in relation to decisions about enhancing the quality of adopting IFRS.Originality/valueThis research provides an important contribution to the existing literature by using a comparative method to present an in-depth exploration of the factors that affect countries, drawing on the framework of the neo-institutional perspective in a developing country.