bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of stripper configurations on mass transfer and energy consumption of regeneration process
Authors: Chu Fengming , Su Minghui , Yang Guoan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The high energy consumption of the regeneration is the main barrier of the CO2 capture system application. The stripper is the primary device for the regeneration process, which involves with the transport process and reactions. It is beneficial for the energy saving to clarify the impacts of the stripper configurations on the heat and mass transfer performance in the stripper. Based on the representative elementary volume method and pseudo-single-liquid model, a novel computational model of heat and mass transfer was developed, in which the H2O transfer process was also taken into account. The simulation results were compared with the experimental data. The effects of the stripper configurations on the heat and mass transfer performance were investigated, and the energy consumption analysis of different strippers under two representative working conditions was carried out. The results show that the height of stripper is dominant in the heat and mass transfer performance, rather than diameter. When the desorbing rate of CO2 is above 50%, the desorbing rate of CO2 increases with the stripper height rising and the specific energy consumption of regeneration process only increases a little.
Reducing the Administrative Demands of the Science Curiosity Scale: A Validation Study
Authors: Motta Matthew , Chapman Dan , Haglin Kathryn , Kahan Dan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Science curious people—those who enjoy consuming science-related information—are less likely to hold politically polarized views about contentious science. Consequently, science curiosity is of great interest to scholars across the social sciences. However, measuring science curiosity via the science curiosity scale (SCS) is time intensive; potentially impeding its widespread usage. We present two new methods for reducing SCS administration time. One method presents respondents with a randomly selected subset of items (“Random Subset [RS] Method”). The other asks all respondents a core set of just four items (“Reduced-Form Method;” RF). In three nationally representative surveys, we assess the construct, convergent, and predictive validity of these alternatives. We find both versions to be well validated.
Antigenic Fingerprinting of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)-A–Infected Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients Reveals Importance of Mucosal Anti–RSV G Antibodies in Control of RSV Infection in Humans
Authors: Fuentes Sandra , Hahn Megan , Chilcote Katarina , Chemaly Roy F , Shah Dimpy P , Ye Xunyan , Avadhanula Vasanthi , Piedra Pedro A , Golding Hana , Khurana Surender 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection causes significant morbidity in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. However, antibody responses that correlate with recovery from RSV disease are not fully understood.

Methods
In this study, antibody repertoire in paired serum and nasal wash samples from acutely RSV-A–infected HCT recipients who recovered early (&lt;14 days of RSV shedding) were compared with late-recovered patients (≥14 days of shedding) using gene fragment phage display libraries and surface plasmon resonance.

Results
Anti-F serum responses were similar between these 2 groups for antibody repertoires, neutralization titers, anti-F binding antibodies (prefusion and postfusion proteins), antibody avidity, and binding to specific antigenic sites. In contrast, nasal washes from early-recovered individuals demonstrated higher binding to F peptide containing p27. While the serum RSV G antibody repertoires in the 2 groups were similar, the strongest difference between early-recovered and late-recovered patients was observed in the titers of nasal wash antibodies, especially binding to the central conserved domain. Most importantly, a significantly higher antibody affinity to RSV G was observed in nasal washes from early-recovered individuals compared with late-recovered HCT recipients.

Conclusions
These findings highlight the importance of mucosal antibodies in resolution of RSV-A infection in the upper respiratory tract.
Evaluation of iron intake in preschool children in a setting with high anemia burden
Authors: Dunn Maria G , Close Ryan M , McKee Steven G , Cordero Ramona , Japa Ingrid F , Lowenthal Elizabeth D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Iron deficiency anemia affects millions of children worldwide. Iron intake assessments can inform targeted interventions.

Methods
This cross-sectional study describes diet and hemoglobin levels of children 1–5 y of age in a resource-limited setting in the Dominican Republic. The study team performed meal observations and measurements, dietary questionnaires, and point-of-care hemoglobin testing.

Results
Iron intake and bioavailability were low, with liberal estimates indicating that not more than 40% of subjects consumed the recommended daily allowance for iron. Forty of 80 children had anemia, with 23% demonstrating moderate or severe anemia.

Conclusions
Poor observed iron intake likely contributes to the high prevalence of anemia in this population.
Taking stock of global immunisation coverage progress: the gains, the losses and the journey ahead
Authors: Nnaji C A , Owoyemi A J , Amaechi U A , Wiyeh A B , Ndwandwe D E , Wiysonge C S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Despite the enormous benefits of vaccination, global immunisation coverage progress has stalled and remains suboptimal in many countries. In this commentary, we review the recently published update of the World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund Estimates of National Immunization Coverage. We highlight trends in which, despite substantial gains made in improving immunisation coverage at the global level, there remain numerous challenges with reaching and sustaining optimal coverage. We contextualise the trends by exploring plausible supply- and demand-side root causes. Based on these, we stress the need for targeted, context-appropriate strategies for reaching and maintaining optimal immunisation coverage.
Is there a role for tedizolid in the treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease?
Authors: Ruth Mike Marvin , Koeken Valerie A C M , Pennings Lian J , Svensson Elin M , Wertheim Heiman F L , Hoefsloot Wouter , van Ingen Jakko 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary infections caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are hard to treat and have low cure rates despite intensive multidrug therapy.

Objectives
To assess the feasibility of tedizolid, a new oxazolidinone, for the treatment of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium abscessus.

Methods
We determined MICs of tedizolid for 113 isolates of NTM. Synergy with key antimycobacterial drugs was assessed using the chequerboard method and calculation of the FIC index (FICI). We performed time–kill kinetics assays of tedizolid alone and combined with amikacin for M. abscessus and with ethambutol for M. avium. Human macrophages were infected with M. abscessus and M. avium and subsequently treated with tedizolid; intracellular and extracellular cfu were quantified over time.

Results
NTM isolates generally had a lower MIC of tedizolid than of linezolid. FICIs were lowest between tedizolid and amikacin for M. abscessus (FICI = 0.75) and between tedizolid and ethambutol for M. avium (FICI = 0.72). Clarithromycin and tedizolid showed initial synergy, which was abrogated by erm(41)-induced macrolide resistance (FICI = 0.53). Tedizolid had a weak bacteriostatic effect on M. abscessus and combination with amikacin slightly prolonged its effect. Tedizolid had concentration-dependent activity against M. avium and its efficacy was enhanced by ethambutol. Both combinations had a concentration-dependent synergistic effect. Tedizolid could inhibit the intracellular bacterial population of both M. avium and M. abscessus.

Conclusions
Tedizolid should be further investigated in pharmacodynamic studies and clinical trials for M. avium complex pulmonary disease. It is less active against M. abscessus, but still promising.
Prognosis of BRCA1/2-negative breast cancer patients with HBOC risk factors compared with sporadic breast cancer patients without HBOC risk factors
Authors: Ryu Jai Min , Nam Seok Jin , Kim Seok Won , Lee Jeong Eon , Chae Byung Joo , Lee Se Kyung , Yu Jonghan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective
Demands for genetic counseling with BRCA1/2 examination have markedly increased. Accordingly, the incidence of uninformative results on BRCA1/2 mutation status has also increased. Because most patients examined for BRCA1/2 mutation have a high risk of hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer, many patients suffer psychological distress even when the BRCA1/2 result is negative. We compared oncological outcomes between BRCA1/2-negative breast cancer with high risk of hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer and sporadic breast cancer without risk of hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer.

Methods
The criteria for high risk for hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer were defined as family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer in first- or second-degree relative, early onset breast cancer at &lt;35 years old and bilateral breast cancer. Patients were matched maximally 1:3 into those who identified as negative for BRCA1/2 mutation with risk of hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer (study group) and those who were not examined for BRCA1/2 mutation without risk for hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer (control group). Matched variables were pathologic stage, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 status.

Results
All matching variables were successfully matched. Median follow-up duration was 57.8 months. There was no significant difference between the groups in disease-free survival (log-rank P = 0.197); however, the study group showed significantly better overall survival and breast cancer-specific survival (both P &lt; 0.0001). We conducted subgroup analysis in the middle-aged group (36–54) and showed no significant difference for disease-free survival (P = 0.072) but significantly better overall survival and breast cancer-specific survival in the study group (P = 0.002 and P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions
BRCA1/2-negative breast cancer patients who had hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer risk factors showed similar disease-free survival and better overall survival and breast cancer-specific survival compared with those with sporadic breast cancer without hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer risk factors.
Relationship between anastomotic leakage and CT value of the mesorectum in laparoscopic anterior resection for rectal cancer
Authors: Iwama Nozomi , Tsuruta Masashi , Hasegawa Hirotoshi , Okabayashi Koji , Ishida Takashi , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to indicate whether the CT value of the mesorectum could be correlated with the incidence of anastomotic leakage (AL) in laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer.MethodsThe study subjects included 173 patients who underwent laparoscopic anterior resection (LAR) for rectal cancer from September 2005 to 2016 in our institution as well as reliable contrast-enhanced CT preoperatively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the correlation between surgical outcomes, including AL and CT value of the mesorectum.ResultsAL was observed in 30 (17.3%) patients. Amongst short-term surgical outcomes, overall complication showed significant correlation with the CT value of the mesorectum (P = 0.003). In addition, AL was the only factor, which significantly correlated with the CT value of the mesorectum (P = 0.017). By plotting receiver operating characteristic curve, −75 HU was the threshold of the CT value of the mesorectum for predicting AL with an area under the curve of 0.772. Categorized into two groups as per the threshold, low group showed significantly higher incidence of AL (OR, 2.738; 95% CI, 1.105–6.788; P = 0.030) as well as whole complications (OR, 4.431; 95%CI, 1.912–10.266; P = 0.001).ConclusionThe CT value of the mesorectum may be a helpful preoperative radiological biomarker to predict AL after LAR for rectal cancer.
Preliminary study of improved median filter using adaptively mask size in light microscopic image
Authors: Kim Ji-Youn , Lee Youngjin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to develop and evaluate an improved median filter (IMF) with an adaptive mask size for light microscope (LM) images. We acquired images of the mouse first molar using a LM at 100× magnification. The images obtained using our proposed IMF were compared with those from a conventional median filter. Several parameters such as the contrast-to-noise ratio, coefficient of variation, no-reference assessments and peak signal-to-noise ratio were employed to evaluate the image quality quantitatively. The results demonstrated that the proposed IMF could effectively de-noise the LM images and preserve the image details, achieving a better performance than the conventional median filter.
Patient-Reported Outcomes for Pediatric Adherence and Self-Management: A Systematic Review
Authors: Plevinsky Jill M , Gutierrez-Colina Ana M , Carmody Julia K , Hommel Kevin A , Crosby Lori E , McGrady Meghan E , Pai Ahna L H , Ramsey Rachelle R , Modi Avani C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective
Treatment adherence is approximately 50% across pediatric conditions. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are the most common method of measuring adherence and self-management across research and clinical contexts. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate adherence and self-management PROs, including measures of adherence behaviors, adherence barriers, disease management skills, and treatment responsibility.

Methods
Following PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews, literature searches were performed. Measures meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria were evaluated using Hunsley and Mash’s (2018) criteria for evidence-based assessment across several domains (e.g., internal consistency, interrater reliability, test–retest reliability, content validity, construct validity, validity generalization, treatment sensitivity, and clinical utility). Rating categories were adapted for the present study to include the original categories of adequate, good, and excellent, as well as an additional category of below adequate.

Results
After screening 172 articles, 50 PROs across a variety of pediatric conditions were reviewed and evaluated. Most measures demonstrated at least adequate content validity (n = 44), internal consistency (n = 34), and validity generalization (n = 45). Findings were mixed regarding interrater reliability, test–retest reliability, and treatment sensitivity. Less than half of the measures (n = 22) exhibited adequate, good, or excellent construct validity.

Conclusions
Although use of adherence and self-management PROs is widespread across several pediatric conditions, few PROs achieved good or excellent ratings based on rigorous psychometric standards. Validation and replication studies with larger, more diverse samples are needed. Future research should consider the use of emerging technologies to enhance the feasibility of broad implementation.
Retinopathy-Positive Cerebral Malaria Is Associated With Greater Inflammation, Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown, and Neuronal Damage Than Retinopathy-Negative Cerebral Malaria
Authors: Villaverde Chandler , Namazzi Ruth , Shabani Estela , Park Gregory S , Datta Dibyadyuti , Hanisch Benjamin , Opoka Robert O , John Chandy C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Our prior study findings suggest that Plasmodium falciparum is the cause of disease in both malaria retinopathy-positive (RP) and most retinopathy-negative (RN) cerebral malaria (CM), and that absence of retinopathy and decreased disease severity in RN CM may be due to shorter duration of illness, lower parasite biomass, and decreased var gene expression in RN compared to RP CM. In the present study, we assessed the pathophysiology of RP and RN CM.

Methods
We compared markers of systemic and central nervous system inflammation, oxidative stress, neuronal injury, systemic endothelial activation, angiogenesis, and platelet activation in Ugandan children with RP (n = 167) or RN (n = 87) CM.

Results
RP children had higher plasma C-reactive protein (P = .013), ferritin and erythropoietin (both P &lt; .001) levels, an elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF):plasma albumin ratio (P &lt; .001), and higher CSF tau protein levels (P = .049) than RN children. Levels of plasma and CSF proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers did not differ between RP and RN children. RN children had higher plasma levels of endothelin 1 (P = .003), platelet-derived growth factor (P = .012), and platelet factor 4 (P = .034).

Conclusions
RP and RN CM may represent different phases of CM. RN CM may be driven by early vasospasm and platelet activation, whereas the more advanced RP CM is associated with greater inflammation, increased erythropoietic drive, blood-brain barrier breakdown, and neuronal injury, each of which may contribute to greater disease severity.
High incidence of radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients with chronic silicosis treated with radiotherapy
Authors: Shen Tianle , Sheng Liming , Chen Ying , Cheng Lei , Du Xianghui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Silica is an independent risk factor for lung cancer in addition to smoking. Chronic silicosis is one of the most common and serious occupational diseases associated with poor prognosis. However, the role of radiotherapy is unclear in patients with chronic silicosis. We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate efficacy and safety in lung cancer patients with chronic silicosis, especially focusing on the incidence of radiation pneumonitis (RP). Lung cancer patients with chronic silicosis who had been treated with radiotherapy from 2005 to 2018 in our hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study. RP was graded according to the National Cancer Institute’s Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 3.0. Of the 22 patients, ten (45.5%) developed RP ≥2. Two RP-related deaths (9.1%) occurred within 3 months after radiotherapy. Dosimetric factors V5, V10, V15, V20 and mean lung dose (MLD) were significantly higher in patients who had RP &gt;2 (P &lt; 0.05). The median overall survival times in patients with RP ≤2 and RP&gt;2 were 11.5 months and 7.1 months, respectively. Radiotherapy is associated with excessive and fatal pulmonary toxicity in lung cancer patients with chronic silicosis.
Extracting galaxy merger timescales I: Tracking haloes with WhereWolf and spinning orbits with OrbWeaver
Authors: Poulton Rhys J J , Power Chris , Robotham Aaron S G , Elahi Pascal J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Hierarchical models of structure formation predict that dark matter halo assembly histories are characterised by episodic mergers and interactions with other haloes. An accurate description of this process will provide insights into the dynamical evolution of haloes and the galaxies that reside in them. Using large cosmological N-body simulations, we characterise halo orbits to study the interactions between substructure haloes and their hosts, and how different evolutionary histories map to different classes of orbits. We use two new software tools - WhereWolf, which uses halo group catalogues and merger trees to ensure that haloes are tracked accurately in dense environments, and OrbWeaver, which quantifies each halo’s orbital parameters. We demonstrate how WhereWolf improves the accuracy of halo merger trees, and we use OrbWeaver to quantify orbits of haloes. We assess how well analytical prescriptions for the merger timescale from the literature compare to measured merger timescales from our simulations and find that existing prescriptions perform well, provided the ratio of substructure-to-host mass is not too small. In the limit of small substructure-to-host mass ratio, we find that the prescriptions can overestimate the merger timescales substantially, such that haloes are predicted to survive well beyond the end of the simulation. This work highlights the need for a revised analytical prescription for the merger timescale that more accurately accounts for processes such as catastrophic tidal disruption.
Evidence for Non-smooth Quenching in Massive Galaxies at z ∼ 1
Authors: Carleton Timothy , Guo Yicheng , Nayyeri Hooshang , Cooper Michael , Rudnick Gregory , Whitaker Katherine 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We investigate a large sample of massive galaxies at z ∼ 1 with combined HST broad-band and grism observations to constrain the star-formation histories of these systems as they transition from a star-forming state to quiescence. Among our sample of massive ($M_*>10^{10}~\hbox{${\rm M}_{\odot }$}{}$) galaxies at 0.7 < z < 1.2, dust-corrected Hα and UV star-formation indicators agree with a small dispersion (∼0.2 dex) for galaxies on the main sequence, but diverge and exhibit substantial scatter (∼0.7 dex) once they drop significantly below the star-forming main sequence. Significant Hα emission is present in galaxies with low dust-corrected UV SFR values as well as galaxies classified as quiescent using the UVJ diagram. We compare the observed Hα flux distribution to the expected distribution assuming bursty or smooth star-formation histories, and find that massive galaxies at z ∼ 1 are most consistent with a quick, bursty quenching process. This suggests that mechanisms such as feedback, stochastic gas flows, and minor mergers continue to induce low-level bursty star formation in massive galaxies at moderate redshift, even as they quench.
RNA-Puzzles toolkit: a computational resource of RNA 3D structure benchmark datasets, structure manipulation, and evaluation tools
Authors: Magnus Marcin , Antczak Maciej , Zok Tomasz , Wiedemann Jakub , Lukasiak Piotr , Cao Yang , Bujnicki Janusz M , Westhof Eric , Szachniuk Marta , Miao Zhichao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSignificant improvements have been made in the efficiency and accuracy of RNA 3D structure prediction methods during the succeeding challenges of RNA-Puzzles, a community-wide effort on the assessment of blind prediction of RNA tertiary structures. The RNA-Puzzles contest has shown, among others, that the development and validation of computational methods for RNA fold prediction strongly depend on the benchmark datasets and the structure comparison algorithms. Yet, there has been no systematic benchmark set or decoy structures available for the 3D structure prediction of RNA, hindering the standardization of comparative tests in the modeling of RNA structure. Furthermore, there has not been a unified set of tools that allows deep and complete RNA structure analysis, and at the same time, that is easy to use. Here, we present RNA-Puzzles toolkit, a computational resource including (i) decoy sets generated by different RNA 3D structure prediction methods (raw, for-evaluation and standardized datasets), (ii) 3D structure normalization, analysis, manipulation, visualization tools (RNA_format, RNA_normalizer, rna-tools) and (iii) 3D structure comparison metric tools (RNAQUA, MCQ4Structures). This resource provides a full list of computational tools as well as a standard RNA 3D structure prediction assessment protocol for the community.