bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occlusion tool software for pulmonary vein occlusion verification in atrial fibrillation cryoballoon ablation
Authors: Cauti Filippo Maria , Solimene Francesco , Stabile Giuseppe , Polselli Marco , Schillaci Vincenzo , Arestia Alberto , Shopova Gergana , Iaia Luigi , Giannitti Carlo Maria , Rossi Pietro , Bianchi Stefano 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundOptimal pulmonary vein (PV) occlusion, usually verified with selective contrast injection, is mandatory to obtain an effective PV isolation during cryoballoon (CB) ablation.Aim of the studyThe purpose of this study was to verify the feasibility and the accuracy of a new dielectric sensing system in assessing PV occlusion during CB ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsWe enrolled 28 consecutive patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF. After transseptal access, a detailed image reconstruction of left atrium and PVs was achieved with an octapolar or decapolar mapping catheter (Achieve catheter, Medtronic Inc.) and KODEX‐EPD system (EPD Solutions, a Philips company). The degree of PV occlusion with the inflated Arctic Front Advance Cryoballoon (Medtronic Inc.) was verified using the new “occlusion tool” software module (EPD Solutions, a Philips company) and compared to an angiogram obtained with contrast medium injection in each PV.ResultsA total of 105 PV CB occlusion were tested. The new occlusion tool software module showed a 91% sensitivity and 76% specificity in assessing a complete PV occlusion verified with contrast medium injection. The positive predictive value was 80%, and the negative predictive value was 88.6%. Mean procedure time was 81 ± 17 minutes. Mean fluoroscopy time was 6 ± 2 minutes. No 30‐day complications were observed.ConclusionThe new dielectric imaging system was able to assess the degree of PV occlusion during a CB ablation with good sensitivity and specificity.
Kantian Cognitivism
Authors: Elizondo E. Sonny 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAccording to many of its advocates, one of the main attractions of Kantian moral philosophy is its metaethical innocence. The most interesting argument for such innocence appeals to Kantians' rationalism. Roughly, if moral action is simply rational action, then we do not need to appeal to anything beyond rationality to certify moral judgment. I assess this argument by reflecting on (dis)analogies between moral and logical forms of rationalism. I conclude that the Kantian claim to metaethical innocence is overstated. Kantians cannot avoid substantial metaethical commitments. Or if they can, it is not their rationalism that explains why this is so.
Predictors of successful discontinuation from renal replacement therapy during AKI: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Liya , Li Jiameng , Sun Si , Du Heyue , Chen Pengfan , Xu Yicong , Shen Yuxin , Xin Shuzi , Dan Yuqing , Li Hancong , Chen Junda , Li Zi , Su Baihai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe predictors of weaning time of renal replacement therapy (RRT) remain controversial for special patients suffering from acute kidney injury (AKI). The present work aims to perform a meta‐analysis to evaluate proper predictors of RRT weaning in AKI patients. We systematically searched EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials for literatures between 1984 and June 2019. Studies evaluating predictors of weaning success of RRT in patients of AKI were included. Random‐effects model or fixed‐effects model meta‐analyses were performed to compute a standard mean difference (SMD). Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was employed to assess the risk of bias. We included 10 observational trials including 1453 patients. Twelve predictors including urine output, serum creatinine, serum urea, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, lactate, serum potassium, serum bicarbonate, pH value, SOFA score, urinary urea, and urinary creatinine were identified, showing urine output (p = 0.0000), serum creatinine (p = 0.008), serum potassium (p = 0.02), serum bicarbonate (p = 0.01), pH value (p = 0.03), urinary urea (p = 0.002), and urinary creatinine (p = 0.02) were significantly associated with weaning success. With the limited evidence, we speculate that urine output, serum creatinine, serum potassium, serum bicarbonate, pH value, urinary urea, and urinary creatinine might be associated with successful weaning.
Fitting inhomogeneous phase‐type distributions to data: the univariate and the multivariate case
Authors: Albrecher Hansjörg , Bladt Mogens , Yslas Jorge 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe class of inhomogeneous phase‐type distributions (IPH) was recently introduced in Albrecher & Bladt (2019) as an extension of the classical phase‐type (PH) distributions. Like PH distributions, the class of IPH is dense in the class of distributions on the positive halfline, but leads to more parsimonious models in the presence of heavy tails. In this paper we propose a fitting procedure for this class to given data. We furthermore consider an analogous extension of Kulkarni's multivariate PH class (Kulkarni, 1989) to the inhomogeneous framework and study parameter estimation for the resulting new and flexible class of multivariate distributions. As a by‐product, we amend a previously suggested fitting procedure for the homogeneous multivariate PH case and provide appropriate adaptations for censored data. The performance of the algorithms is illustrated in several numerical examples, both for simulated and real‐life insurance data.
Deaf and hard of hearing awareness training: A mentor‐led workshop
Authors: Ham Jennifer , Towle Angela , Shyng Grace 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeople who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) comprise a significant and increasing proportion of the population. They face many barriers to accessing good health care and major communication challenges with health professionals. There is evidence that DHH awareness training for health professionals needs improvement but little information about how such training is incorporated into curricula. The research question we address is how to develop and deliver an effective workshop for students led by people who, by definition, have barriers to communication due to hearing loss and deafness.MethodsWorkshop development was initiated and led by a medical student as a course project, in collaboration with DHH people, other students, and university faculty in an iterative participatory educational design process, supported by a community‐based organization that provides programs and services for DHH people. Development resulted in a pilot workshop suitable for all health professional students.ResultsThree workshops were attended by a total of 49 students from 10 different health disciplines. Workshops were highly rated. Thematic analysis of post‐workshop reflections written by occupational therapy students showed learning in the domains of knowledge, skills (practical tips and techniques), and attitudes (assumptions, motivation, reflection).ConclusionsPartnership with a community organization makes it feasible for DHH people to design and facilitate workshops. The organization can provide the necessary environment, technology, and support, and identify people with lived experience to be workshop mentors. Workshops help make students more aware of the needs of DHH people and motivate them to provide better care.
Effect of Solvent Evaporation Time of Polysulfone Incorporated Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Incorporated Polysulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane on Protein Removal
Authors: Sabri N. S. M. , Hasbullah H. , Tohid M. S. , Ibrahim N. , Kasmani R. M. , Ali R. R. , Rahman S. A. , Fresno D. G. 
Published: November 2020

Polysulfone (PSf) membranes are becoming more popular in wastewater treatment recently, mostly due to its stability in chemical, thermal and mechanical properties. PSf membranes are hydrophobic, causing difficulty of water permeation. Incorporating metal oxide nanoparticles improving the membrane hydrophilicity, thus increasing membrane permeation and rejection. In this study, copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO NPs) incorporated PSf membranes were fabricated under different evaporation times of 3s, 6s, 8s, and 9s to investigate on membrane morphology and performance. The membrane morphologies were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) while the membrane performance was determined through pure water flux (PWF) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection. When characterized by SEM, all membranes showed an asymmetric structure with thin and dense at the top while the bottom layer was thick and porous. It was discovered that as the evaporation time increased, the formation of the finger-like structure became narrower while dense layer became thicker. When tested with PWF, membranes with higher evaporation times showed less permeability, decreasing from 139.74 Lm-2h-1 to 89.89 Lm-2h-1. In terms of BSA rejection, increased in evaporation time caused the rejection rate to increase from 87.79% to 92.15%. This study proved that evaporation time is one of important parameters that influences the membrane performance significantly.
Challenges of Membrane Technology in Biorefineries
Authors: Yogarathinam Lukka Thuyavan , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi , Goh Pei Sean , Gangasalam Arthanareeswaran 
Published: November 2020

Membrane separation processes have been deployed for downstream applications in biorefineries. This article discusses the challenges of membrane technology in purification of biofuels such as bioethanol, biodiesel and biogas. The significance of membrane technology are discussed towards the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production. The membrane reactors for biodiesel production were also studied. Limitation with respect to each individual processes on biofuel purification were also reported. The major limitation in membrane separation are membrane fouling and concentration polarization. Membrane engineering and process optimization are the viable tools to enhance the performance of membrane. Recently, inorganic nanofillers has significant control in alteration of polymeric membrane characteristics for the improvement of permeability and selectivity. This article would be an insight for researchers to understand the challenges of biorefinery membrane separation.
Performance of a Nitinol Honeycomb Stent for the Management of Atherosclerotic Aortic Plaque: Crimping, Sealing, and Fluid–Structure Interaction Analysis
Authors: Jayendiran Raja , Nour Bakr , Ruimi Annie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present the results of a computational study to investigate the performance of a nitinol honeycomb stent used in the management of an aortic atherosclerotic plaque with 70% stenosis. Such is considered severe and is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular death. Traditionally, plaque size, composition, shape, and location are thought as important factors in determining the potential for the plaque to rupture (aka plaque vulnerability). The study looks at two plaque shapes and two plaque compositions. The stent used in the simulations is our own design. It compresses and expands due to nitinol’s superelastic property. The human aorta is represented by the Gasser–Ogden–Holzapfel (GOH) model, a sophisticated hyperelastic model which accounts for the dispersion of fibers present in the tissues. We proceed to investigate how the stent–aorta–plaque structure behaves under a physiological blood flow. Results indicate that the stent as designed can sustain realistic blood flow conditions and that hypocellular plaques are more prone to rupture, in agreement with results published in the literature. It also shows that neither plaque composition nor shape affect the wall shear stress (WSS). This study can be useful to surgeons to identify regions of stenotic aorta subjected to high stress, to select the appropriate stent diameter for aortae with plaques with various compositions and plaque shapes, and to decide on the optimal site for stent implantation.
Analysis of Thermoacoustic Modes in Can-Annular Combustors Using Effective Bloch-Type Boundary Conditions
Authors: von Saldern Jakob G. R. , Orchini Alessandro , Moeck Jonas P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Heavy-duty gas turbines are commonly designed with can-annular combustors, in which all flames are physically separated. Acoustically, however, the cans communicate via the upstream located compressor plenum or at the downstream gaps found at the transition to the turbine inlet. In this study, a coupling condition that is based on a Rayleigh conductivity and acoustic flux conservation is derived. It enables acoustic communication between adjacent cans, in which one-dimensional acoustic waves propagate. In addition, because can-annular systems commonly feature a discrete rotational symmetry, the acoustic field can be expressed as a Bloch-periodic wave in the azimuthal direction. We demonstrate how the coupling conditions resulting in a combustion system with N cans can be expressed as an effective impedance for a single can. By means of this Bloch-type boundary condition, the thermoacoustics of a can-annular system can be analyzed considering only one can, thus reducing the size of the problem by a factor of N. Using this method, we investigate in frequency domain the effect of the coupling strength of a generic can-annular combustor consisting of 12 identical cans, which are connected at the downstream end. We describe generic features of can-annular systems that can be efficiently addressed with this framework and derive results on the frequency response of the cans at various Bloch numbers in the low-frequency and high-frequency limits. Furthermore, the formation of eigenvalue clusters with eigenvalues of close frequency and growth rate, but very different mode shapes is discussed.
Two-body charmed baryon decays involving decuplet baryon in the quark-diagram scheme
Authors: Hsiao Y. K. , Yi Qian , Cai Shu-Ting , Zhao H. J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the quark-diagram scheme, we study the charmed baryon decays of $$\mathbf{B}_c\rightarrow \mathbf{B}^* M$$

B
c

→

B

∗

M

, where $$\mathbf{B}_c$$

B
c

is $$\Lambda _c^+$$

Λ
c
+

or $$\Xi _c^{+(0)}$$

Ξ
c

+
(
0
)

, together with $$\mathbf{B}^*$$

B

∗

(M) the decuplet baryon (pseudoscalar meson). It is found that only two W-exchange processes are allowed to contribute to $$\mathbf{B}_c\rightarrow \mathbf{B}^* M$$

B
c

→

B

∗

M

. Particularly, we predict $${\mathcal {B}}(\Lambda _c^+ \rightarrow \Sigma ^{*0(+)} \pi ^{+(0)})=(2.8\pm 0.4)\times 10^{-3}$$

B

(

Λ
c
+

→

Σ

∗
0
(
+
)

π

+
(
0
)

)

=

(
2.8
±
0.4
)

×

10

-
3

, which respects the isospin symmetry. Besides, we take into account the SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking, in order to explain the observation of $${\mathcal {B}}(\Lambda _c^+\rightarrow \Sigma ^{*+}\eta )$$

B
(

Λ
c
+

→

Σ

∗
+

η
)

. For the decays involving $$\Delta ^{++}(uuu)$$

Δ

+
+

(
u
u
u
)

, we predict $${\mathcal {B}}(\Lambda _c^+\rightarrow \Delta ^{++} \pi ^-,\Xi _c^+ \rightarrow \Delta ^{++} K^-) =(7.0\pm 1.4,13.5\pm 2.7)\times 10^{-4}$$

B

(

Λ
c
+

→

Δ

+
+

π
-

,

Ξ
c
+

→

Δ

+
+

K
-

)

=

(
7.0
±
1.4
,
13.5
±
2.7
)

×

10

-
4

as the largest branching fractions in the singly Cabibbo-suppressed $$\Lambda _c^+,\Xi _c^+\rightarrow \mathbf{B}^*M$$

Λ
c
+

,

Ξ
c
+

→

B

∗

M

decay channels, respectively, which are accessible to the LHCb, BELLEII and BESIII experiments.
Who Is Targeted by the Council’s Sanctions? The UN Security Council and the Principle of Proportionality
Authors: Dam-de Jong Daniëlla 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The current article aims to assess proportionality within the context of the Security Council’s practice, focusing specifically on how the Council balances various interests in the design of sanctions regimes adopted pursuant to Article 41 of the UN Charter. It argues that proportionality in this context plays a role in the Security Council’s targeting decisions on the one hand and in the determination of whose interests are affected by the sanctions on the other. This implies that the Security Council should distinguish, first, between those who should be subjected to sanctions (the targets) and those would should be shielded (third parties) and, second, that it carefully delineates the targets of the sanctions. This article assesses this balancing exercise within the context of the Council’s measures to curb the illegal exploitation of natural resources financing armed conflict on the one hand and with respect to countering the proliferation of nuclear weapons on the other.
Arm Wrestling around Air Quality and Effective Judicial Protection. Can Arrogant Resistance to EU Law-related Orders Put You in Jail?
Authors: Misonne Delphine 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the judgment Deutsche Umwelthilfe (C-752/18) of December 2019, the Court of Justice of the European Union (ecj) addresses the situation where a referring court has already ordered a public authority to adopt traffic bans, based upon the need to comply with Directive 2008/50 on air quality, but is confronted, together with the non-governmental organization which is at the initiative of the lawsuit, to the public authority’s persistent refusal to comply with that injunction, even though it has become final.
In such awkward situation and due to the lack of success of other avenues, is a national court entitled – and possibly even obliged – to impose coercive detention on officials, by virtue of the right to an effective remedy and the obligation to ensure effective legal protection in the fields covered by EU law, asked the referring Court?
It is not surprising that the Court of Justice sat as the Grand Chamber for delivering the preliminary ruling. The case is a landmark on the right to an effective remedy and on the right to liberty, in a context of procedural autonomy. The case is also essential in the way it embraces human health and adds a higher step in the ascending line gradually constructed by the ecj on the binding force of EU law on air quality standards.
The ecj decides that EU law only empowers and even obliges a national court to have recourse to the privation of liberty of a public official, like a Minister-President, if this is provided for in a domestic legal basis, which is sufficiently accessible, precise and foreseeable in its application.
This contribution observes that, if the judgement may look like a victoire à la Pyrrhus for the environmental association and if it confirms that EU environmental law remains systemically dependent upon the choices made at domestic level on enforcement matters, the judgment also truly consolidates the right to effective judicial protection and the right to an effective remedy, in more normal circumstances and when human health is in the balance. It also cements the direct effect of Directive 2008/50 on ambient air quality and associated rights for individuals.
Technological Innovation and Natural Law
Authors: Woodward Philip 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
I discuss three tiers of technological innovation: mild innovation, or the acceleration by technology of a human activity aimed at a good; moderate innovation, or the obviation by technology of an activity aimed at a good; and radical innovation, or the altering by technology of the human condition so as to change what counts as a good. I argue that it is impossible to morally assess proposed innovations within any of these three tiers unless we rehabilitate a natural-law ethical framework. And I offer some moral starting points within such a framework, in connection with innovations of each of the three types.
Human-Perceived Temperature Changes in South Korea and Their Association with Atmospheric Circulation Patterns
Authors: Lee Hyun-Ju , Jeon Wonbae , Lee Woo-Seop , Lee Hwa Woon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics of human-perceived temperature (HPT) data, which describe the joint effects of temperature and humidity on the human body, and examines the related large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns for the summer season (July–August) in South Korea using trend and composite analyses. The increasing trend of HPT was stronger than that of the maximum, mean, and minimum temperatures during 1981–2018. There was an abrupt change in HPT between 1981–2009 and 2010–18, which is likely caused by the northward upper-level subtropical jet, strengthened downward motion, anomalous anticyclones around South Korea, and increased sea surface temperature over the western North Pacific Ocean, which are related to the enhancement and western expansion of the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH). These results highlight the importance of the activity of the WNPSH in the variability of HPT in South Korea. When the western edge of the WNPSH is located in the northwest, a positive geopotential height anomaly at 500 hPa is centered over South Korea, which is associated with high temperatures and low relative humidity. The southwestern extension of the WNPSH modifies the wind circulation pattern and brings warm and moist air from the West (Yellow) Sea along the ridge line of the WNPSH. Eventually, it leads to extreme HPT, associated with high relative humidity and temperature over South Korea, particularly in the southern part of the country. Therefore, we concluded that monitoring and predicting the location of WNPSH and understanding the mechanism and factors influencing the movement of WNPSH under global warming are necessary for predicting and coping with extreme HPT.
Comments on “On the Structure and Formation of UTLS PV Dipole/Jetlets in Tropical Cyclones by Convective Momentum Surges”
Authors: Ong Hing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis comment on Hitchman and Rowe first deepens their introduction by distinguishing adiabatic and diabatic tilting of vorticity. Then, it strengthens their interpretation by emphasizing that momentum must be vertically transported with reference to isentropic levels to yield the potential vorticity (PV) dipoles. Moreover, it points out a flaw in their PV budget analysis and proposes a remedy for the flaw. Their convective momentum transport paradigm and the vorticity tilting paradigm reinterpret the same physical process. However, they counted one physical process twice by associating the two paradigms with two different terms. As an attempt to remedy the flaw, this comment associates the reinterpretation of the two paradigms with a transformation of the PV equation; their paradigm corresponds to a flux form. With the proposed remedy, their paradigm can be more easily translated to advances in convective parameterization because of its horizontal locality.