bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monotherapy of Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Review of Newer Agents
Authors: Vogel Charles L. , Nabholtz Jean-Marc 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose. New agents for the palliative treatment of metastatic breast cancer have emerged in the 1990s. This review summarizes the response rates of these agents with an emphasis on recent findings, such as presentations from the 1998 Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.
Methods. The English medical literature was reviewed to identify clinical trials involving monotherapy for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Three agents—paclitaxel, vinorelbine, and docetaxel—are emphasized because their databases are extensive enough to allow interesting comparisons. Liposomal-encapsulated anthracyclines, losoxantrone, gemcitabine, oral surrogates of continuous-infusion fluorouracil, raltitrexed, LY 231514, edatrexate, topoisomerase I inhibitors, and trastuzumab are reviewed briefly.
Results. Many of the new agents produce response rates approaching or even surpassing those achievable with doxorubicin monotherapy. Compared with older agents, some new agents have improved or at least different safety profiles, and some are easier to administer.
Discussion and conclusions. The new agents offer useful therapeutic options that make them suitable for combining with each other and with older agents, which could result in more effective regimens for metastatic disease, and, ultimately, primary disease in the adjuvant setting. The chemotherapeutic paradigms governing the management of breast cancer for the past three decades are likely to change as we move into the 21st century.
Lymphocytes
Authors: Israels Lyonel G. , Israels Esther D. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Mechanisms in Hematology is a book with an accompanying interactive CD-ROM designed to assemble basic concepts that underlie clinical understanding and progress. It is presented as a concise text with a series of diagrams that distill diffuse information into a compact form. The interactive CD, in particular, brings many of the processes “to life” as details of the more complex pathways are conveyed in clear visual images. The text begins with the basic molecular biology that underlies hematological and oncological physiology/pathology––cell signaling, adhesion molecules and apoptosis. This is followed by sections, among others, on hematopoiesis, iron, B12 and folate metabolism, neutrophil function, immunoproteins, chemotherapy and coagulation. With the permission of the authors and publisher, The Oncologist has reproduced the section on lymphocytes, which we think our readers will enjoy.
Total-Body Irradiation in the Conditioning Regimens for Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Lymphoproliferative Diseases
Authors: Aristei Cynthia , Tabilio Antonio 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We review the rationale for, and the results of, clinical trials on chemoradiotherapy-based pretransplant regimens for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, Hodgkin's disease and multiple myeloma. What clearly emerges from this review is the lack of any conclusive evidence that total-body irradiation (TBI)-containing regimens are better than chemotherapy alone in diseases which are considered to be radiosensitive. Due to the variety of pretransplant regimens adopted, the relatively low number of patients enrolled in each trial, and the lack of randomized studies, no one conditioning scheme, with or without TBI, could be identified as superior to another. Only randomized clinical studies will indicate whether TBI-containing regimens are superior to chemotherapy-only regimens and whether TBI and/or involved field radiation therapy have a place in autologous stem cell transplantation programs for lymphoproliferative disorders. And finally, the best TBI dose, schedule, and technique should be defined.
The Randomized Trials of Dose-Intensive Therapy for Breast Cancer: What Do They Mean for Patient Care and Where Do We Go From Here?
Authors: Weiss Raymond B. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
At the May 1999 meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), results of some of the randomized trials conducted in the 1990s assessing the value of high-dose (dose-intensive) therapy for breast cancer were presented. The number of women treated with such therapy has grown almost exponentially since the early 1990s so that breast cancer is now the most common malignancy treated with stem cell transplant. At the same time the cost of such treatment (from $60,000 upwards to $150,000) has caused it to become the most controversial issue in all of medical oncology during this past decade. Does such therapy truly provide a benefit to women with breast cancer, and is it therefore a therapy that should be routinely offered to suitable patients? This article will attempt to put this issue in some perspective with emphasis on the recently reported randomized studies of this treatment for both early-stage and metastatic disease. In addition, some comments will be made regarding where research regarding this topic will likely be focused in the next few years.
Jurisprudence in the Era of Change: Subject and Structure of the Discipline
Authors: Vedeneev Yu. A. 
Published: February 2020

The law exists in the form of institutions and in the form of representations of institutions, since the representation of something (phenomenon) has a conceptual dimension in the representation of something (concept). Representations of law and representations of law are two aspects of the expression and manifestation of the general legal reality. This, in fact, leads to a fundamental dilemma in determining the subject of legal science. This is the science of law or the science of legal science. Given that the concept of law is a theory of law developed into a system of definitions, the practical language of law finds itself in the theoretical language of jurisprudence, and vice versa. The languages in which the law operates, and the languages in which the phenomenon of law is interpreted, constitute the general object and subject of jurisprudence.Jurisprudence is a conceptual part of legal reality, both an object and a subject of legal science. The evolution of jurisprudence in the cultural-historical logic of changes in its subject and methods is the basis for changes in its disciplinary structure and connections in the general system of social and political sciences. Each cultural and historical epoch of the existence of law corresponds to its own grammar of law and its own epistemology of law, that is, its own analytical language and disciplinary format of legal knowledge. The law exists in the definitions of its concept. The concept of law has both an ontological and epistemological status. One thinks of law because it exists, and one understands the law because it is defined. Each tradition of understanding the law can be conceptually seen in the phenomenon of law that other traditions of legal understanding do not see or do not notice. The history of the development of the concept of law (conceptualization of law) contains the history of the development of legal institutions (institutionalization of law). Both components of legal reality — objective and subjective grounds and conditions for the emergence and development of the phenomenon of law live in the framework definitions of their social culture, its language and discourse. That is, they live in historical forms of awareness and understanding of one’s own law — from the law indicated in rituals, myths, signs and symbols, to the law indicated in canonical texts, doctrines and concepts; from the law of disciplinary society to the law of network communities; from the law of political domination and bureaucratic management to the law of civil communications and network agreements.
METODE ANJANGSANA PADA KOMUNITAS PEMELUK AGAMA MEMUPUK SIKAP TOLERANSI BERAGAMA BAGI KADER PEREMPUAN
Authors: Holifah Yuliati , Simon Irene Maya , Zen Ella Faridati , Multisari Widya 
Published: February 2020

Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini merupakan penerapan metode kearifan lokal yang sudah dilakukan oleh masyarakat Indonesia dalam menumbuhkan sikap saling tolong menolong dan saling hormat menghormati antar sesama.. Mengingat kader perempuan antar umat beragama merupakan figure dan perwakilan dari agamanya masing-masing, maka mereka harus dibekali sikap toleransi beragama yang cukup sebelum mensosialisasikan sikap toleransi beragama kepada umat yang lain. Program kemitraan masyarakat ini ditujukan untuk kader PAUB Kota Malang. Iptek yang diterapkan berupa strategi menumbuhkan sikap toleransi beragama melalui metode anjangsana. Dengan metode anjangsana ini dapat menumbuhkan penghayatan dan praktik kegamaan tidak hanya berhenti pada tahap klaim eksklusifisme (aku) yang berujung pada hubungan personal dengan Tuhan, tidak juga pada tahap inklusifisme (kamu) dengan perhatiannya pada perekrutan dukungan teologis atau ideologis (solidaritas), melainkan juga tahap keterbukaan (kita), dimana penghayatan religius atas nilai-nilai kemanusiaan dapat mewujudkan toleransi beragama tidak hanya pada level wacana. Produk luaran yang dihasilkan berupa modul peningkatan sikap toleransi beragama bagi kader PAUB yang dapat diterapkan pada kader perempuan antar umat beragama di kota-kota lain di Jawa Timur. Kata kunci— Kader perempuan, Metode anjangsana, PAUB, Toleransi beragama.AbstractCommunity service activities are the application of local wisdom methods that have been carried out by the Indonesian people in fostering mutual assistance to help and respect each other respectfully. Considering women cadres among religious communities are figures and representatives of their respective religions, they sufficient religious tolerance must be provided before socializing the attitude of religious tolerance to other people. This community partnership program is intended for PAUB cadres in Malang. The applied science and technology in the form of strategies to foster an attitude of religious tolerance through the method of Anjangsana. With this method of Anjangsana can foster appreciation and religious practice not only stop at the stage of claims of exclusiveness (I) that lead to a personal relationship with God, not also at the stage of inclusiveism (you) with attention to the recruitment of theological or ideological support (solidarity), but also the stage of openness (us), where the religious appreciation of human values can realize religious tolerance not only at the level of discourse. The output products produced were in the form of modules to increase religious tolerance for PAUB cadres which could be applied to interfaith women cadres in other cities in East Java.Keywords— Female cadres, Anjangsana method, PAUB, religious tolerance
KAMPUNG ENTREPRENEUR BERBASIS WEB SEBAGAI MEDIA PROMOSI BAGI UMKM
Authors: Sutrisno Andika Agung , Samodra Joko , Pahlevi Andreas Syah 
Published: February 2020

Tujuan program ini untuk mengembangkan dan memberikan pelatihan tentang bagaimana menggunakan media promosi yang efektif diwujudkan dalam bentuk sebuah platform pasar digital berbasis web. Sebagai tambahan, kegiatan ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan citra Bumi Tunggul Wulung (BTWI) sebagai kampung entrepreneur, serta market place berbasis koperasi yang akan mewadahi setiap warga yang belum memiliki pasar produk dengan harapan dapat mingkatakan profit usaha serta terjadi kolaborasi antar warga. Kegiatan pengabdian masyrakat ini dilakukan melalui pelatihan branding, photo produk, pengolahan data pada website serta pelatihan e-commerce. Hasil dari kegiatan menjunjukkan bahwa dengan adanya Graphic Standard Manual (GSM) untuk Logo, maka identitas untuk mencapai brand awarness dapat diterapkan dalam berbagai atibut desain yang dialokasikan kedalam media promosi baik cetak maupun digital seperti website yang sudah dikembangkan. Dengan adanya website sebagai platform digital diharapkan dapat menjadi wadah bagi warga BTWI yang ingin meningkatkan profit usahanya dengan nafas kampung etrepreneur sebabagai citra warga.Kata kunci—entrepreneur, branding, marketplace, website, UMKM AbstractThe purpose of this program is to develop and provide training on how to use effective promotion media in the form of a web-based digital market platform. In addition, this activity is carried out to improve the image of Bumi Tunggul Wulung (BTWI) as an entrepreneur village, as well as a cooperative-based market place that will accommodate every citizen who does not yet have a product market in the hope of increasing business profits and collaboration between citizens. Activities in community service are through branding training, product photos, data processing on the website and e-commerce training. The results of the activity show that with the Graphic Standard Manual (GSM) for the Logo, the identity to achieve brand awareness can be applied in a variety of design allocated to print and digital promotional media such as websites that have been developed. With the website as a digital platform it is hoped that it can become a forum for BTWI residents who want to increase their business profits with the breath of the entrepreneur's village because of the citizens' image.Keywords—entrepreneur, branding, marketplace, website, MSME
PEMBENTUKAN KADER KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI REMAJA UNTUK MENGURANGI FREKUENSI PERNIKAHAN DINI DI SISWA SMP DI KECAMATAN BANGSALSARI, JEMBER
Authors: Retnowati Wiwin , Amalia Rize Budi 
Published: February 2020

Tujuan program pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk membekali siswa SMP di kelurahan Bangsalsari kecamatan Bangsalsari kabupaten Jember tentang pengetahuan mengenai kesehatan reproduksi agar remaja putri akan lebih siap untuk menghadapi masa dewasa dan untuk mengurangi frekuensi pernikahan dini. Metode yang dilakukan adalah, penyuluhan reproduksi remaja, pelatihan dan pendampingan kader kesehatan. Hasil kegiatan adalah para remaja telah mampu mempraktekkan pengetahuannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari untuk menjaga kesehatan reproduksinya dan sebagai pioner pada lingkungan sekitar maupun adik kelas mereka serta telah terbentuknya kader kesehatan reproduksi remaja putri. Kata kunci—kader kesehatan, pioneer siswa, reproduksi remaja. Abstract The purpose of this community service program is to equip Junior High School students in the Bangsalsari village, Bangsalsari sub-district, Jember Regency about knowledge about health, so that young women will be better prepared for the future and to multiply early marriages. The method used is youth counseling, training and health cadre assistance. The result of the activity is that young people who have successfully practiced their knowledge in daily life for reproductive health and as pioneers in the surrounding environment and their junior class have also developed a young female health cadre. Keywords—health cadres, pioneers of students, adolescent reproduction
Pelatihan Perilaku 3R; Right, Reality, Responsible pada Anak Buruh Migran di Kecamatan Donomulyo Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Muslihati Muslihati , Holifah Yuliati , Zen Ella Faridati 
Published: February 2020

Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan mengembangkan perilaku positif 3R (right, reality, and responsible) pada anak buruh migran di kecamatan Donomulyo Malang. Wilayah sasaran meliputi desa Mentaraman, Kedung Salam, dan Purwodadi karena memiliki populasi anak buruh migran yang cukup besar. Melalui kajian awal pada Forum Peduli Anak Kecamatan Donomulyo diketahui bahwa permasalahan mitra adalah anak-anak buruh migran cenderung berperilaku negatif, diantaranya suka pergi tanpa pamit, lalai belajar dan ibadah karena bermain, bolos sekolah, dan kurang hormat pada orang tua. Dengan kecenderungan tersebut diasumsikan anak-anak buruh migran perlu dibantu mengembangkan perilaku positif. Untuk itu diperlukan upaya edukasi pengembangan perilaku yang baik dan benar, perilaku realistis dan perilaku bertanggungjawab bagi anak buruh migran. Materi kegiatan meliputi (1) pemahaman diri (2) hakikat perilaku 3R (2) penyusunan rencana diri. Pelatihan dikemas dalam bimbingan kelompok dengan metode PIJAR yaitu Pahami diri, Identifikasi kebutuhan dan harapan, Jelaskan dan evaluasi perilaku saat ini, Arahkan rencana dan solusi dan Realisasi rencanaKata kunci— anak buruh migran, forum peduli anak, perilaku 3R, Metode Pijar. AbstractThis service activity aims to develop positive behaviors of 3R (right, reality, and responsible) for the children of migrant workers in Donomulyo district, Malang. The target areas include the villages of Mentaraman, Kedung Salam, and Purwodadi because they have a large population of migrant workers’ children. Through preliminary studies in the Donomulyo District Children's Care Forum it was found that the problem of partners was that migrant workers’ children tended to behave negatively, including leaving without saying goodbye, neglecting to study and worship because of playing, skipping school, and lacking respect for parents. With this tendency, it is assumed that children of migrant workers need to be helped to develop positive behavior. For this reason, education efforts to develop good and right behavior, realistic behavior and responsible behavior for migrant workers' children are needed. Material activities include (1) self-understanding (2) the nature of behavior 3R (2) preparation of self-plans. The training is packaged in group guidance with the PIJAR method namely Self-Understanding, Identification of needs and expectations, Explain and evaluate current behavior, Navigate plans and solutions and Realize plans.Keywords— child migrant worker, child care forum, 3R behavior, PIJAR Method
Inovasi Senam Ceria Khusus Untuk Tunagrahita Ringan di SLB Tamima Mumtaz
Authors: Zahro Siti , Risanti Atma , Bakti Fajar Raya Ferdinal Kusuma , Safitri Indah Ramadhania , Ningtias Wahyu Rosa 
Published: February 2020

Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk membantu pendampingan dalam menerapkan Senam Ceria Khusus (SCK) untuk meningkatkan kesehatan jasmani dan kemampuan motorik pada siswa tunagrahita dengan level ringan di Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) Tamima Mumtaz. Hal ini dikarenakan anak-anak Tunagrahita di SLB tersebut hanya melakukan aktifitas didalam ruangan dan belum ada kegiatan yang mendukung kesehatan jasmani dan perkembangan motoriknya melalui gerakan senam. Senam ini diiringi dengan musik yang ceria dan menyenangkan untuk lebih menarik minat siswa dalam mengikuti gerakan senam tersebut. Senam ini terdiri dari gerakan pemanasan, gerakan inti, dan gerakan pendinginan. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah pendekatan secara personal mulai perkenalan personal, melakukan aktivitas diluar ruang kelas, menciptakan SCK, dan mengajak siswa untuk memperagakan. Dalam pelaksanaannya, SCK di SLB Tamima Mumtaz siswa sangat antusias mengikuti gerakan SCK. Sedangkan kendala yang dihadapi adalah 1) siswa sulit dikontrol saat melakukan senam, 2) satu siswa harus didampingi oleh satu pendamping untuk membetulkan gerakannya, dan 3) singkatnya waktu pelaksanaan membuat siswa sulit mengulang gerakan. Kata kunci— SLB Tamima Mumtaz, Senam Ceria Khusus, Tunagrahita Ringan.AbstractThis service aims to assist assistance in implementing Special Cheerful Gymnastics (SCK) to improve physical health and motor skills in mentally disabled students with mild levels in Tamima Mumtaz Extraordinary Schools (SLB). This is because Tunagrahita children in SLB only do indoor activities and there are no activities that support physical health and motor development through gymnastic movements. This gymnastics is accompanied by cheerful and fun music to further attract students' interest in following the gymnastic movements. This exercise consists of heating movements, core movements, and cooling movements. The method used in this community service is a personal approach from personal introductions, conducting activities outside the classroom, creating SCK, and inviting students to demonstrate. In its implementation, the SCK at Tamima Mumtaz SLB students were very enthusiastic about participating in the SCK movement. While the obstacles faced are 1) students are difficult to control when doing gymnastics, 2) one student must be accompanied by one companion to correct their movements, and 3) the short time of implementation makes it difficult for students to repeat the movements.Keywords— SLB Tamima Mumtaz, Special Cheerful Gymnastics, Light Developmental Disabilities
Income and Poverty in Households in Selected European Countries
Authors: Ćwiek Malgorzata Teresa , Ulman Paweł 
Published: February 2020

Incomes of population and poverty are key elements of the EU cohesion policy which aims at reducing disparities between the levels of development of individual regions. The traditionally appropriate study to evaluate the convergence of the Member States is the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU‑SILC). However, this is not the only source of information on income distribution and social inclusion in the European Union. In this article, the basis for calculations are the results of the fourth European Quality of Life Surveys (EQLS), whose purpose is to measure both objective and subjective indicators of the standard of living of citizens and their households.
The aim of the paper is to assess the diversity of distributions of household incomes and the level of income poverty due to the selected socio‑demographic characteristics of the respondent or household in selected European countries in two periods: 2007 and 2016. Countries of the Visegrad Group (Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary) were selected for the analysis, along with the Weimar Triangle (Poland, Germany, and France). Such a selection allowed us to compare the financial situation of households in Western Europe with those in Central and Eastern Europe. Poland becomes a natural link between all these countries.
The article uses modelling methods of income distribution, indicators of distance (overlapping) of distributions and aggregate indicators of the scope, depth and severity of poverty. Those ratios were determined on the basis of the use of relative. In order to ensure comparability of incomes of households with different demographic compositions, the analysis used equivalent incomes.
As a result of the preliminary analysis, differences were noted regarding the measured position, variation and asymmetry of equivalent incomes in the studied households. The applied gap measurements showed a significant disparity between the distributions of income in Western European countries (Germany, France) and the countries of the Visegrad Group, but the size of that differentation de creased significantly in 2016 relative to 2007. Important differentiation was also noted in terms of income poverty risk within the Visegrad Group: the highest proportion of households at risk of poverty exists in Poland and the lowest in the Czech Republic.