bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carers’ views on autism and eating disorders comorbidity: qualitative study
Authors: Adamson James , Kinnaird Emma , Glennon Danielle , Oakley Madeleine , Tchanturia Kate 
Published: May 2020

Background
Patients with co-occurring anorexia nervosa and autism respond differently to eating disorder treatments. Previous interviews with patients with both conditions and clinicians working in eating disorder services has highlighted service and treatment adaptations might be beneficial and could improve outcomes for these individuals.

Aims
The aim of this study was to explore carers’ experiences of current treatment approaches for people with autism who have anorexia nervosa, and their views on how these can be improved.

Method
Ten carers of a loved one diagnosed with autism and anorexia nervosa were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule and the transcripts were analysed with thematic analysis.

Results
Four key themes emerged from the interviews: the role of autism in anorexia nervosa, carers’ problems with clinical services, the impact on carers and suggestions for future improvements.

Conclusions
Carers agreed that autism played a significant role in the development and maintenance of their daughters’ anorexia nervosa. However, this comorbidity does not appear to be appropriately addressed in current treatment provisions. They described several difficulties, including problems getting an autism diagnosis and the perception that eating disorder services did not accept or adapt around the condition. This resulted in feelings of frustration and isolation for families, a scenario exacerbated by a perceived lack of support or specific resources for carers of individuals on the autism spectrum. Clinical recommendations on the basis of the current and previous studies are outlined.
Spray-Dried Proliposomes: an Innovative Method for Encapsulation of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Polyphenols
Authors: Bankole Victor Oloruntoba , Osungunna Michael Oluwole , Souza Claudia Regina Fernandes , Salvador Sergio Luiz , Oliveira Wanderley Pereira 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis work aims to improve the functionality of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) polyphenols by encapsulation in an optimized proliposome formulation. A 23 Box-Wilson central composite design (CCD) was employed to determine lone and interaction effects of composition variables on moisture content (Xp); water activity (Aw); concentration and retention of rosemary polyphenols—rosmarinic acid (ROA), carnosol (CAR), and carnosic acid (CNA); and recovery of spray-dried proliposomes (SDP). Processing conditions which generate proliposomes with optimum physicochemical properties were determined by multi-response analysis (desirability approach). Antioxidant and antifungal activities were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) sequestering and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)/minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) assays, respectively. SDP exhibited high polyphenol retention, ranging from 62.0 to 100.0% w/w, showing dependence on composition variables and polyphenol lipophilicity. SDP recovery ranged from 20.1 to 45.8%, with Xp and Aw of 1.7 ± 0.14–2.5 ± 0.23% w/w and 0.30 ± 0.004–0.47 ± 0.003, respectively, evidencing product with good chemical and microbiological stability. Optimum liposomal composition was determined, namely, lipid concentration (4.26% w/w), lyophilized extract (LE) concentration (4.48% w/w), and drying aid:(lipid+extract) ratio (7.55% w/w) on wet basis. Relative errors between experimental and predicted values for SDP properties showed concurrence for all responses except CAR retention, being 22% lower. SDP showed high antioxidant activity with IC50 of 9.2 ± 0.2 μg/mL, superior to results obtained for LE (10.8 μg/mL) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a synthetic antioxidant (12.5 μg/mL). MIC and MFC against Candida albicans (ATCC1023) were 312.5 μg/mL and 1250 μg/mL, respectively, a moderate antimicrobial activity for phytochemical-based products. SDP is shown as a veritable tool to encapsulate hydrophilic and lipophilic rosemary polyphenols generating a product with optimal physicochemical and biological properties.
HMGA2 Variants in Silver-Russell Syndrome: Homozygous and Heterozygous Occurrence
Authors: Hübner Christian Thomas , Meyer Robert , Kenawy Asmaa , Ambrozaityte Laima , Matuleviciene Ausra , Kraft Florian , Begemann Matthias , Elbracht Miriam , Eggermann Thomas 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Context
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a clinical and molecular heterogeneous disorder associated with short stature, typical facial gestalt, and body asymmetry. Though molecular causes of SRS can be identified in a significant number of patients, about one-half of patients currently remain without a molecular diagnosis. However, determination of the molecular cause is required for a targeted treatment and genetic counselling.

Objective
The aim of this study was to corroborate the role of HMGA2 as an SRS-causing gene and reevaluate its mode of inheritance.

Design, Setting, Patients
Patients were part of an ongoing study aiming on SRS-causing genes. They were classified according to the Netchine-Harbison clinical scoring system, and DNA samples were investigated by whole exome sequencing. Common molecular causes of SRS were excluded before.

Results
Three novel pathogenic HMGA2 variants were identified in 5 patients from 3 SRS families, and fulfilling diagnostic criteria of SRS. For the first time, homozygosity for a variant in HMGA2 could be identified in a severely affected sibpair, whereas parents carrying heterozygous variants had a mild phenotype. Treatment with recombinant growth hormone led to a catch-up growth in 1 patient, whereas all others did not receive growth hormone and stayed small. One patient developed type 2 diabetes at age 30 years.

Conclusions
Identification of novel pathogenic variants confirms HMGA2 as an SRS-causing gene; thus, HMGA2 testing should be implemented in molecular SRS diagnostic workup. Furthermore, inheritance of HMGA2 is variable depending on the severity of the variant and its consequence for protein function.
FSH Levels Are Related to E-cadherin Expression and Subcellular Location in Nonfunctioning Pituitary Tumors
Authors: Kolnes Anders J , Øystese Kristin A B , Olarescu Nicoleta C , Ringstad Geir , Berg-Johnsen Jon , Casar-Borota Olivera , Bollerslev Jens , Jørgensen Anders P 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Context
Gonadotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) can express follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) or be hormone negative, but they rarely secrete hormones. During tumor development, epithelial cells develop a mesenchymal phenotype. This process is characterized by decreased membranous E-cadherin and translocation of E-cadherin to the nucleus. Estrogen receptors (ERs) regulate both E-cadherin and FSH expression and secretion. Whether the hormone status of patients with gonadotroph PitNETs is regulated by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and ERs is unknown.

Objectives
To study the effect of EMT on hormone expression in gonadotroph nonfunctioning (NF)-PitNETs.

Design
Molecular and clinical analyses of 105 gonadotroph PitNETs. Immunohistochemical studies and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed for FSH, LH, E-cadherin, and ERα. Further analyses included blood samples, clinical data, and radiological images.

Setting
All patients were operated on in the same tertiary referral center.

Results
NF-PitNET with high FSH expression had decreased immunohistochemical staining for membranous E-cadherin (P &lt; .0001) and increased staining for nuclear E-cadherin (P &lt; .0001). Furthermore, high FSH expression was associated with increased ERα staining (P = .0002) and ERα mRNA (P = .0039). Circulating levels of plasma-FSH (P-FSH) correlated with FSH staining in gonadotroph NF-PitNET (P = .0025). Tumor size and invasiveness was not related to FSH staining, E-cadherin, or ERα. LH expression was not associated with E-cadherin or ERα.

Conclusion
In gonadotroph PitNETs, FSH staining is related to E-cadherin, ERα expression, and circulating levels of P-FSH. There was no association between FSH staining and invasiveness. The clinical significance of these findings will be investigated in ongoing prospective studies.
Development of vascular regulation in the zebrafish embryo
Authors: Bahrami Nabila , Childs Sarah J. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
The thin endothelial wall of a newly formed vessel is under enormous stress at the onset of blood flow, rapidly acquiring support from mural cells (pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells; vSMCs) during development. Mural cells then develop vasoactivity (contraction and relaxation) but we have little information as to when this first develops or the extent to which pericytes and vSMCs contribute. For the first time, we determine the dynamic developmental acquisition of vasoactivity in vivo in the cerebral vasculature of zebrafish. We show that pericyte-covered vessels constrict in response to α1-adrenergic receptor agonists and dilate in response to nitric oxide donors at 4 days postfertilization (dpf) but have heterogeneous responses later, at 6 dpf. In contrast, vSMC-covered vessels constrict at 6 dpf, and dilate at both stages. Using genetic ablation, we demonstrate that vascular constriction and dilation is an active response. Our data suggest that both pericyte- and vSMC-covered vessels regulate their diameter in early development, and that their relative contributions change over developmental time.
Emerging views of genome organization in Archaea
Authors: Takemata Naomichi , Bell Stephen D. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Over the past decade, advances in methodologies for the determination of chromosome conformation have provided remarkable insight into the local and higher-order organization of bacterial and eukaryotic chromosomes. Locally folded domains are found in both bacterial and eukaryotic genomes, although they vary in size. Importantly, genomes of metazoans also possess higher-order organization into A- and B-type compartments, regions of transcriptionally active and inactive chromatin, respectively. Until recently, nothing was known about the organization of genomes of organisms in the third domain of life – the archaea. However, despite archaea possessing simple circular genomes that are morphologically reminiscent of those seen in many bacteria, a recent study of archaea of the genus Sulfolobus has revealed that it organizes its genome into large-scale domains. These domains further interact to form defined A- and B-type compartments. The interplay of transcription and localization of a novel structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) superfamily protein, termed coalescin, defines compartment identity. In this Review, we discuss the mechanistic and evolutionary implications of these findings.
Premorbid social relationships and the course of schizophrenia in a 20-year follow-up study
Authors: Cechnicki Andrzej , Bielańska Anna , Arciszewska-Leszczuk Aleksandra , Kalisz Aneta , Błądziński Piotr , Daren Artur , Mętel Dagmara , Kruk Dawid 
Published: May 2020

Cel pracyIstotnym obszarem wskazującym na narastające ryzyko wybuchu psychozy i jej późniejszego niekorzystnego przebiegu jest pogarszające się funkcjonowanie społeczne a szczególnie brak wystarczających relacji społecznych. Celem badania była ocena związku pomiędzy jakością kontaktów społecznych i zakresem systemu wsparcia przed wybuchem choroby a wynikami leczenia w obszarze klinicznym i społecznym w różnych czasokresach przebiegu choroby przez okres 20 lat.MetodaUżyto dwuczynnikowej analizy wariancji ANOVA z jednym czynnikiem grupującym (kontakty społeczne) i jednym czynnikiem powtarzanego pomiaru (czas badania) dla wyników GAF, BPRS, DSM III Oś V oraz szereg prostych regresji liniowych dla związków pomiędzy tymi wskaźnikami wyników a Skalą Podtrzymania Społecznego Surtees’a.
Badana grupa: W okresie pierwszej hospitalizacji wyłoniono 80 osobową grupę zamieszkującą na terenie Krakowa, chorującą na schizofrenię, diagnozowaną zgodnie z kryteriami DSM IV TR, zbadaną sześciokrotnie: przy wpisie i wypisie w czasie pierwszej hospitalizacji, po 3, po 7, po 12 i po 20 latach. Analizie poddano 55 osób (69% grupy włączonej do badania), które przez 20 lat wykonały wszystkie badania.WynikiSatysfakcjonujące, pozytywne kontakty przed wybuchem choroby przekładały się, zwłaszcza po 20 latach, na lepsze ogólne oraz społeczne funkcjonowanie i mniejszą ilość objawów, w szczególności negatywnych. Szersze wsparcie społeczne przed wybuchem choroby powiązane było z lepszym funkcjonowaniem ogólnym i społecznym pacjentów oraz mniejszym nasileniem objawów ogólnych, pozytywnych oraz negatywnych, jednak w tym ostatnim przypadku efekt zanikał po 20 latach.WnioskiJakość i zakres kontaktów społecznych przed wybuchem choroby, a szczególnie satysfakcjonujące relacje w środowisku pozarodzinnym są istotnym czynnikiem rokowniczym wieloletniego korzystnego klinicznego i społecznego przebiegu psychoz z grupy schizofrenii.
DAMPAK SOSIAL PARIWISATA TERHADAP MASYARAKAT DESA EKOWISATA PAMPANG GUNUNG KIDUL MENUJU DESA EKOWISATA BERKELANJUTAN
Authors: Rohani Elisa Dwi , Purwoko Yitno 
Published: May 2020

Changes in tourism that are currently developing from mass tourism to form a special interest tourism encourage one of the villages in Paliyan District, Pampang to become an Ecotourism village by carrying out the concepts of conservation and education. In this study will discuss how the response and community involvement in the development of the village of Papang to become an ecotourism village, as well as social impacts for the community that emerged after tourism activities developed in the village of Pampang Ecotourism, both positive and negative impacts. To be able to produce findings and an adequate description of the social impacts that occur in Pampang Ecotourism Village, this research uses a descriptive method with the aim of being able to provide a description of the phenomena of social change obtained through interviews with community leaders and village activists and observations. From this research, it can be seen that the development of tourism in Pampang has more positive impacts on the community compared to the negative impacts including the growing spirit of togetherness, strengthening community organizations, increasing public awareness of preserving and protecting the environment through tourism and Ecotourism villages to become pilot villages in environmental innovation and management.Perubahan pariwisata yang saat ini berkembang dari pariwisata massal ke bentuk pariwisata minat khusus, mendorong salah satu desa di Kecamatan Paliyan yaitu Pampang untuk menjadi desa Ekowisata dengan mengusung konsep konservasi dan edukasi. Dalam penelitian ini membahas bagaimana respon dan keterlibatan masyarakat dalam pengembangan Desa Papang untuk menjadi desa ekowisata, serta dampak sosial bagi masyarakat yang muncul pasca aktivitas pariwiata berkembang di Desa Ekowisata Pampang. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode deskriptif dengan tujuan untuk dapat memberikan gambaran fenomena-fenomena perubahan sosial yang diperoleh melalui wawancara tokoh masyarakat dan penggerak desa Ekowisata maupun observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perkembangan pariwisata di Pampang lebih banyak berdampak positif bagi masyarakat dibandingkan dampak negative, diantaraya tumbuhnya semangat kebersamaan, penguatan organisasi masyarakat, peningkatan wawasan masyarakat, kesadaran melestarikan dan menjaga lingkungan melalui pariwisata dan desa Ekowisata menjadi desa pecontohan dalam inovasi dan pengelolaan lingkungan.
Domniemane i rzeczywiste przyczyny chińskiego cudu gospodarczego. Polemika z Kazimierzem Poznańskim
Authors: Rotengruber Przemysław 
Published: May 2020

Domniemane i rzeczywiste przyczyny chińskiego cudu gospodarczego. Polemikaz Kazimierzem Poznańskim [Alleged and real reasons for the Chinese economy miracle. A polemicwith Kazimierz Poznański] edited by W. Banach, M.A. Michalski, J. Sójka, „Człowiek i Społeczeństwo”vol. XLVI: Między Chinami a Zachodem. Pytanie o źródła chińskiego sukcesu gospodarczego [BetweenChina and the West. An inquiry into the sources of the Chinese economic miracle], Poznań 2018,pp. 67–84, Adam Mickiewicz University. Faculty of Social Sciences Press. ISSN 0239-3271.
China has come a long way in the last hundred years. It is so long that it’s easy to forget about the problems that the Chinese had to face earlier. They struggled with patterns of long duration making it difficult for them to break out of the centuries-old stagnation. The Chinese were looking for new patterns of political culture. However, not only those patterns required a correction. If Fukuyama is right, the rules of caring for one’s family at the expense of social obligations have turned out to be no less troublesome. The Chinese way to prosperity led then not only through the public sphere, but also through the hearts and minds of the Chinese. They had to cut themselves off from the past. Meanwhile, in the time of economic prosperity, the longing for the past returns. The place of doctrines borrowed from the Western world replaces nostalgia. Deng Xiaoping’s political references to the teachings of Confucius are – in the blink of an eye – becoming the basic message. It is not surprising that the Chinese people want to forget about the embarrassing moments of their own history. These trends, however, should not affect external observers of economic life in China. One of such observers is Kazimierz Poznański. He believes that the cause of the Chinese economic miracle is the Confucian ethics (despite the historical changes shaping the Chinese mentality). The aim of the article is to verify this hypothesis.
Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Exhibit Osteogenic Differentiation Potential
Authors: Awais Sadia , Balouch Samira Shabbir , Riaz Nabeela , Choudhery Mahmood S 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBone regeneration after trauma, pathologic and surgical procedures is considered a major medical challenge. Due to limitations in using conventional approaches, cell based regenerative strategies may provide an alternative option to address such issues. In the current study, we sought to determine the osteogenic potential of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from impacted 3rd molars. DPSCs were isolated from human dental pulp tissue (n=6) using explant culture. Growth characteristics of DPSCs were determined using plating efficiency, and the number and time of population doublings. After characterization, DPSCs were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts and were assessed using polymerase chain reactions (PCR) and histological analysis. Results indicated that DPSCs can be isolated from impacted human third molars, and that DPSCs exhibited typical fibroblastic morphology and excellent proliferative potential. In addition, morphological changes, histological analysis and expression of lineage specific genes confirmed osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs. In conclusion, DPSCs isolated from impacted 3rd molars have high proliferative potential and ability to differentiate into osteoblasts.
Distinguishing between hidden testes and anorchia: the role of endocrine evaluation in infancy and childhood
Authors: Jespersen Kirstine , Ljubicic Marie Lindhardt , Johannsen Trine Holm , Christiansen Peter , Skakkebaek Niels E , Juul Anders 
Published: May 2020

Objective
Non-palpable testes remain a diagnostic challenge, often involving exploratory laparoscopy. We evaluated the diagnostic value of a wide range of reproductive hormones in order to distinguish between bilateral cryptorchidism and bilateral anorchia.

Design
In this retrospective study, we identified and included 36 boys with non-palpable testes (20 with cryptorchidism, 3 with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH), and 13 with anorchia) at first examination during childhood.

Methods
Information on karyotype, phenotype, surgical results from laparoscopy, and biochemistry was retrieved from patient files. We compared serum concentrations of AMH, inhibin B, FSH, LH, testosterone, estradiol, and hCG stimulation testing in cryptorchid and anorchid boys to serum concentrations in a large, age-matched control group. Receiver-operating characteristic curves were used to determine the cut-off values of each reproductive hormone as a predictor of the presence of functional testicular tissue.

Results
Concentrations of AMH in 0–1 year olds: ≥155 pmol/L and >1–15 year olds: ≥19 pmol/L, inhibin B (≥22 pg/mL and ≥4 pg/mL), FSH (≤28.9 IU/L and ≤20.3 IU/L) and hCG-induced testosterone (>1-15 year olds: ≥2 nmol/L) were significantly sensitive and specific markers in predicting the presence of functional testicular tissue in boys with non-palpable testes. In infancy, anorchid infants had significantly elevated gonadotropin levels, while CHH had low levels.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that laparoscopy may not be necessary in all boys with non-palpable testes if reproductive hormones unequivocally confirm the presence of functional testicular tissue. However, proving the absence may still be a diagnostic challenge.
Precauções e recomendações para a prática de exercício físico em face do COVID-19: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Nogueira Carlos José , Cortez Antônio Carlos Leal , Leal Silvânia Matheus de Oliveira , Dantas Estélio Henrique Martin 
Published: May 2020

A presente revisão visa analisar e sintetizar as evidências científicas sobre os efeitos do exercício físico na precaução do COVID-19 e as principais recomendações sobre a prática de atividade física durante e após a pandemia. Realizou-se uma busca junto às bases MEDLINE/PUBMED, Cochrane, Web of Science e Scopus, e buscas manuais em periódicos, nas referências dos estudos selecionados, além da utilização de estudos pré-print. A busca inicial totalizou 1026 registros. Após a exclusão por título, resumo, duplicatas e leitura na íntegra restaram 13 publicações, além de mais 10 estudos selecionados manualmente, totalizando 23 publicações. Após análise dos resultados, as evidências foram categorizadas de acordo com: os efeitos do exercício físico sobre infecções respiratórias virais, o impacto do COVID-19 em relação à inatividade física, saúde física e mental, as precauções e recomendações sobre a atividade física regular durante a pandemia do COVID-19 e recomendações sobre atividade física pós pandemia. A maioria das evidências recomendam a realização de atividade física moderada regular durante e após a pandemia. No entanto, recomendações mais específicas sobre a intensidade, o tipo de exercício, séries e duração do treino precisam de maiores investigações.