bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural Evidence for the Prediction of Animacy Features during Language Comprehension: Evidence from MEG and EEG Representational Similarity Analysis
Authors: Wang Lin , Wlotko Edward , Alexander Edward , Schoot Lotte , Kim Minjae , Warnke Lena , Kuperberg Gina R. 
Published: March 2020

It has been proposed that people can generate probabilistic predictions at multiple levels of representation during language comprehension. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG), in combination with representational similarity analysis, to seek neural evidence for the prediction of animacy features. In two studies, MEG and EEG activity was measured as human participants (both sexes) read three-sentence scenarios. Verbs in the final sentences constrained for either animate or inanimate semantic features of upcoming nouns, and the broader discourse context constrained for either a specific noun or for multiple nouns belonging to the same animacy category. We quantified the similarity between spatial patterns of brain activity following the verbs until just before the presentation of the nouns. The MEG and EEG datasets revealed converging evidence that the similarity between spatial patterns of neural activity following animate-constraining verbs was greater than following inanimate-constraining verbs. This effect could not be explained by lexical-semantic processing of the verbs themselves. We therefore suggest that it reflected the inherent difference in the semantic similarity structure of the predicted animate and inanimate nouns. Moreover, the effect was present regardless of whether a specific word could be predicted, providing strong evidence for the prediction of coarse-grained semantic features that goes beyond the prediction of individual words.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLanguage inputs unfold very quickly during real-time communication. By predicting ahead, we can give our brains a “head start,” so that language comprehension is faster and more efficient. Although most contexts do not constrain strongly for a specific word, they do allow us to predict some upcoming information. For example, following the context of “they cautioned the…,” we can predict that the next word will be animate rather than inanimate (we can caution a person, but not an object). Here, we used EEG and MEG techniques to show that the brain is able to use these contextual constraints to predict the animacy of upcoming words during sentence comprehension, and that these predictions are associated with specific spatial patterns of neural activity.
Die Bedeutung von Compliance-Management-Systemen für die Kartell- und sonstige Verbandsgeldbuße – zugleich ein Plädoyer für eine rationale Unternehmenssanktion
Authors: Trüg Gerson , Ruppert Felix 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Jede Unternehmenssanktion steht in dem Spannungsverhältnis, dass der Verband sanktioniert wird, die Zuwiderhandlungen aber durch Individuen begangen werden. In diesem Spannungsverhältnis erlangen Compliance-Maßnahmen als Beitrag des Unternehmens zur Prävention von Zuwiderhandlungen seiner Repräsentanten und Mitarbeiter herausgehobene Bedeutung. Effektive, d. h. angemessene Compliance-Maßnahmen haben – je nach Konstellation – tatbestandsausschließende oder bußgeldmindernde Bedeutung.
Ist Dabeisein wirklich alles?
Authors: Engelsing Felix , Buhl Monika 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Mit zunehmender Kommerzialisierung des Sports gerät immer mehr die Frage in den Fokus, ob und inwieweit es Sportverbänden aus kartellrechtlicher Sicht erlaubt ist, in ihren Statuten oder ihren Vereinbarungen mit Athleten deren Möglichkeiten der Eigenvermarktung zu beschränken. Das Bundeskartellamt hat sich erstmals mit dieser Frage in einem Missbrauchsverfahren gegen das Internationale Olympische Komitee und den Deutschen Olympischen Sportbund e. V. wegen der Anwendung von Regel 40 Durchführungsbestimmung Nr. 3 der Olympischen Charta 2015 auseinandergesetzt. Diese Regelung beinhaltete ein weitreichendes Verbot von individuellen Werbemaßnahmen von Olympiateilnehmern während der Dauer der Olympischen Spiele. In dem Verfahren, das durch eine Zusagenentscheidung nach § 32b GWB abgeschlossen worden ist und zu einer wesentlichen Lockerung der Beschränkungen für deutsche Olympiateilnehmer geführt hat, waren diverse für das Sportkartellrecht bedeutsame Fragen zu klären, insbesondere die Anwendung der Rechtsfigur der kollektiven Einheit und die Anwendung der sog. Meca-Medina-Kriterien. Das Bundeskartellamt hat sich vor allem eingehend mit der Frage auseinandergesetzt, ob die Verhinderung von sog. Ambush-Marketing insoweit ein legitimes Ziel darstellt, das eine Wettbewerbsbeschränkung ausschließen könnte.
Die Geoblocking-Verordnung im Kontext des europäischen Kartellrechts und ihre Auswirkungen auf Vertriebsverträge
Authors: Dohrn Daniel , Kleinert Christopher 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Art. 6 Abs. 2 Geoblocking-VO verknüpft die Diskriminierungsverbote der Art. 3, 4 und 5 Geoblocking-VO mit dem EU-Kartellrecht. Der Aufsatz beleuchtet das Verhältnis der beiden Regelungsregime und veranschaulicht anhand von Anwendungsfällen aus der Praxis, wie sich die Verordnung in das bestehende kartellrechtliche Regelungswerk einfügt. Darüber hinaus analysiert der Beitrag die Rechtsfolgen eines Verstoßes gegen die Geoblocking-VO in unterschiedlichen Vertriebskonstellationen. Es werden Auswirkungen auf die Prüfung von Vertriebsverträgen aufgezeigt und Risiken für die am Vertrieb beteiligten Parteien identifiziert.
Inhalation of foreign body: "Avoidable lobectomy. A case report''
Authors: Claude Mbonicura Jean , L Bivahagumye , S Niyonkuru , D Dunduri , S Harakandi , F Ndikumwenayo 
Published: March 2020

Aim: Describe the difficulties of treating an inhaled foreign body in a resource-limited country.
It was a 6-year-old girl who was brought to an ENT specialist for persistent cough for 2 months after the notion of foreign body inhalation. We report the therapeutic circuit that led to a lobectomy after endoscopic failures.
Status Pengelolaan Perikanan dengan Pendekatan Ekosistem (P3E) pada Domain Sumberdaya Ikan untuk Komoditas Udang di Kabupaten Sorong Selatan Provinsi Papua Barat
Authors: A. P Diah , Razak Abudarda , Fahrizal Ahmad , Irwanto Irwanto 
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan sebagai berikut : 1) Untuk Untuk mengetahui status pengelolaan perikanan berbasis ekosistem (P3E) atau Ecosystems Approach of Fisheries Management (EAFM) pada domain sumberdaya ikan untuk komoditas udang di Kabupaten Sorong Selatan Provinsi Papua Barat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey, observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa dalam penelitian ini, untuk indikator CpUE Baku, Komposisi Spesies Hasil Tangkapan dan Range Collapse Sumberdaya Ikan masih berstatus baik. Sedangkan indikator yang perlu diprioritaskan untuk perbaikan dalam pengelolaan perikanan yang berkelanjutan kedepannya karena sudah berstatus sedang hingga buruk yaitu Tren Ukuran Ikan, Proporsi Ikan Yuwana (Juvenile) yang ditangkap dan Spesies ETP. Kesimpulan dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan perikanan untuk komoditas udang banana (Penaeus merguiensis) berada pada kondisi baik dengan flag modeling berwarna hijau dan nilai rerata 3.
Diversity in the board of directors and good governance practices
Authors: Melón-Izco Álvaro , Ruiz-Cabestre Francisco J. , Ruiz-Olalla M. Carmen 
Published: March 2020

Motivated by the debate on the adequacy of the composition of boards of directors, we examine the effect that board diversity has on corporate governance performance in Spain, analysing gender diversity, diversity of director types and tenure diversity. The findings reveal that diverse boards of directors have a positive influence on good governance practices,improving the efficiency of corporate governance mechanisms. These results could be interesting for practitioners and regulators.
Comparison of Nitroglycerin versus Lignocaine Spray to Attenuate Haemodynamic Changes in Elective Surgical Patients Undergoing Direct Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation: A prospective randomised study
Authors: Varshney Rohit K. , Prasad Mukesh K. , Garg Megha 
Published: March 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of nitroglycerin (NTG) versus lignocaine spray in blunting the pressor response during direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Methods: This study was conducted between January and June 2018 in the Department of Anesthesiology, Teerthankar Mahaveer Medical College, Moradabad, India. A total of 90 elective surgical patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status grades I or II were divided into three groups, comprising two treatment groups and one control group. Patients in the treatment groups received either one puff (1.5 mg/kg) of lignocaine 10% spray or one puff (400 μg) of NTG spray in the oropharynx one minute prior to the induction of anaesthesia. Haemodynamic variables and mean rate pressure product at baseline and one, two, three, four and five minutes post-induction were compared. Results: There was a significant reduction in mean heart rate at 3–5 minutes in both treatment groups compared to the control group (P <0.050), as well as lower increases in mean arterial pressure at 1–3 minutes (P <0.050). However, at 2–4 minutes, there was a significantly greater decrease in mean systolic blood pressure in the NTG group compared to both the lignocaine and control groups (P <0.050). Moreover, a greater decrease in mean rate pressure product response at 1–5 minutes was observed in the NTG group compared to the lignocaine and control groups (P = 0.001). Conclusion: The NTG spray was more effective than lignocaine in attenuating blood pressure increases and rate pressure product during elective laryngoscopy and intubation.Keywords: Endotracheal Anesthesia; Intubation; Laryngoscopy; Lignocaine; Nitroglycerin; Comparative Effectiveness Research; India.
In vitro activity of four triazole antifungal drugs against clinically common and uncommon yeast species
Authors: Aslani Narges , Shokohi Tahereh , Ataollahi Mohammad Reza , Ansari Saham , Gholampour Yousef , Khani Jeihooni Ali , Afsarian Mohammad Hosein 
Published: March 2020

Background and Purpose: Incidence of fungal infections caused by opportunistic fungal pathogens, such as yeasts and yeast-like species, has undergone an increase in otherwise healthy individuals. These pathogens account for high mortality and show reduced susceptibility to the routine antifungal drugs. Accordingly, antifungal susceptibility testing is an urgent need in the determination of the susceptibility spectrum of antifungals and selection of appropriate antifungal agents for the management of patients with fungal infection.Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 110 yeast strains belonging to 15 species recovered from clinical specimens. Susceptibility of the isolates to four antifungal drugs (i.e., fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole) was tested according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines M27-A3 and M27-S4.Results: Fluconazole exhibited no activity against 4.3% (n=2) of C. albicans isolates, whereas the remaining 44 isolates had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 0.125-4 μg/ml. Voriconazole had the lowest geometric mean MIC (0.03 μg/ml) against all isolated yeast species, followed by posaconazole (0.07 μg/ml), itraconazole (0.10 μg/ml), and fluconazole (0.60 μg/ml). Overall, all of the isolates had reduced voriconazole MICs with a MIC range of 0.016-0.5 μg/ml, except for one isolate of C. albicans that had a MIC of 1 μg/ml. Candida haemulonii as a multidrug-resistant fungus showed a fluconazole MIC of > 64 μg/ml.Conclusion: The current study provides insight into the antifungal susceptibility profiles of clinically common and uncommon yeast species to four triazole antifungal agents. According to our findings, voriconazole was the most active agent. Awareness about antifungal susceptibility patterns is highly helpful in the selection of appropriate antifungal drugs and identification of the efficiency of the currently used agents.
Long-term effect of antifungal therapy for the treatment of severe resistant asthma: an active comparator clinical trial
Authors: Mirsadraee Majid , Dehghan Sanaz , Ghaffari Shadi , Mirsadraee Niloofar 
Published: March 2020

Background and Purpose: Itraconazole therapy has been reported to control asthma in severe therapy-resistant asthma with fungal sensitization. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of anti-fungal therapy on the treatment of severe asthma, irrespective of sensitization.Materials and Methods: This active comparator clinical trial was performed on 110 therapy-resistant asthmatic patients who were randomly assigned into two groups of case and control. The patients in the case group were administered 200 mg itraconazole twice a day and the control group received 10 mg prednisolone after breakfast for 4 months. The asthma control test (ACT) which was used as a marker for the global evaluation of treatment effectiveness (GETE) was applied as the primary endpoint parameter. Cough, dyspnea, and sleep disturbance were measured on a scale of 1-4, with 1 representing no symptom and 4 indicating severe exhausting disturbance.Results: Based on the obtained results, 71% of the itraconazole group demonstrated a marked improvement in the GETE score after a four-month treatment. Itraconazole was able to suppress clinical symptoms, including cough, dyspnea, and night symptoms, and their physical exam was indicative of normalization in 60% of the patients. On the other hand, the patients in the parallel group "prednisolone" were only able to control dyspnea. The ACT score represented a notable improvement with itraconazole (mean: 14 before the trial and >20 after the trial) and spirometry parameters underwent a considerable change from obstructive pattern to normal. Furthermore, adverse effects were only detected in 6% of itraconazole users.Conclusion: The results of this clinical trial indicted the effectiveness of antifungal therapy for the control of the clinical condition of a subgroup of patients with severe steroid-refractory asthma.
Procollagen propeptides and visceral obesity index in patients with myocardial infarction with preserved emission faction and various metabolic phenotype
Authors: Osokina A. V. , Karetnikova V. N. , Polikutina O. M. , Slepynina IU. S. , Gruzdeva O. V. , Artemova T. P. , Ryzhenkova S. N. , Pecherina T. B. , Barbarash O. L. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose. To identify the peculiarities of the dynamics of fibrosis markers of C-terminal procollagen propeptide type I (PICP) and N-terminal collagen propeptide type III (PIIINP) in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and preserved myocardial contractility.Material and methods. 86 patients with STEMI and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction were examined. In addition to the standard laboratory and instrumental examinations, all the patients underwent the estimation of the concentrations of C-terminal procollagen propeptide type I (PICP) and N-terminal collagen propeptide type III (PIIINP) by enzyme-linked immunoassay using BCM Diagnostics laboratory kits (USA) on the 1st and the 12th days of disease and 1 year later.Results. The concentration of PICP was significantly reduced in all groups during the entire observation period. Significant correlations were found between PICP and visceral obesity index, age and left ventricular ejection fraction. A relationship was found between PIIINP and an increased visceral obesity index.
Análisis de la actividad algebraica implicada en el trabajo con las tablas estadísticas
Authors: Pallauta Jocelyn D. , Gea María M. , Batanero Carmen 
Published: March 2020

En este trabajo se analiza la actividad algebraica requerida en el manejo de las tablas estadísticas que se tienen en cuenta en los cursos 5º a 8º de la Educación Básica y en la educación Media en Chile (10 a 13 años). Para ello se utilizan los niveles de razonamiento algebraico descritos por Godino y sus colaboradores, y la clasificación de los tipos de tablas estadísticas sugerida por Lahanier- Reuter. La información obtenida es útil al profesor de Educación Básica o Secundaria para tener en cuenta el nivel de razonamiento algebraico requerido en el trabajo con los diferentes tipos de tablas y las actividades propuestas respecto a ellas.

Abstract
In this paper we analyse the algebraic activity required in the work with the statistical tables, which are taken into account in Basic Education in Chile grades 5th to 8th (10 to 13-year-olds). To achieve this goal, the levels of algebraic reasoning described by Godino and his collaborators, and the classification of the types of statistical tables suggested by Lahanier-Reuter are used. The information obtained is useful for teachers of these or upper levels who should take into account the level of algebraic reasoning required in the work with the different types of tables and the proposed activities related to them.
Una Introducción a la Geometría Riemanniana
Authors: Sánchez M José M. 
Published: March 2020

El principal propósito de este artículo es hacer una introducción histórica a la Geometría Riemanniana, poniendo de manifiesto la renovada vigencia de esta área matemática de investigación. Se trata de una rama llena de interesantes ejemplos de aplicación en la realidad que nos rodea, que pueden ir desde la utilización de la geometría esférica en la geolocalización de nuestros gps, a la aplicación de la teoría de la relatividad general y la interpretación de cómo se expande nuestro universo.
Abstract
The main purpose of this article is to make a historical introduction to Riemannian Geometry, highlighting the renewed validity of this mathematical area of research. It is a branch full of interesting examples of application in the reality that surrounds us, which can range from the use of spherical geometry in the geolocation of our GPS, to the application of the theory of general relativity and the interpretation of how our universe expands.
Fresh Produce Retail Price Comparisons in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Iton C. W. Ardon , Seepersad Govind 
Published: March 2020

As the competitive landscape of the food and grocery retailing sector in Trinidad and Tobago is being transformed and consumers are separated from producers, shoppers are more reliant on price/quality cues in making their purchase decisions. The purpose of this study is to identify the retail outlet with the lowest and or highest price for a selected number of fresh produce items, in an effort to direct shoppers to relatively cheap nutritious sources of fresh produce. ANOVA and the Games-Howell test were the analytical procedures used. The ANOVA results indicated that there is statistical difference for all the items at the different retail outlets – farmers’ markets, roadside markets, public markets and supermarkets.
The Games-Howell results obtained indicated that the supermarket mean prices were the highest for all items. Shoppers who purchased pineapple at the farmer’s market instead of the supermarket in 2016 could have potentially achieved the greatest savings of $6.52/kg.
JEL Classification: C12, Q13, M31
Touristic Motivation and Lifestyles of Hungarian Domestic Tourists Correlation Study
Authors: Kalmár-Rimóczi Csilla 
Published: March 2020

Motivations are closely interwoven with personality theories. According to researchers the object of motivation theory is primarily to describe what is common in people, whereas lifestyle theories highlight the individual differences among people. Tourism travel decisions constitute a special type of consumer decisions in which case the tourist has to make a choice among the personal tourism services on offer according to his/ her individual needs, but still as a segment specific product corresponding to common motivations. Consequently, certain elements of lifestyle and motivation theory appear in touristic decisions as well. Having perused the relevant trade literature, I came to the realisation that there have been very little research done in the area of travel motives in recent years. The examination of the correlation between motivation and lifestyle complemented with model application is a field belonging to applied marketing science which can be regarded as uncharted territory in tourism research. Domestic tourism accounts for a significant portion among the national income sectors. That is why it is of key importance to be aware of the correlation between the habits and needs of the local population and the factors influencing travel decisions. Applying the results of my research I endeavoured to define and model the lifestyle, needs and motivations of domestic tourists as the factors influencing their decisions. With the results of the investigation, I also wished to provide some guidelines for the creation of tourism supply in view of product development and communication.
JEL Classification: Z32 tourism and development
Duration Of Ventilation Support Usage And Development Of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: When Is The Most Time At Risk?
Authors: Alfaray Ricky Indra , Mahfud Muhammad Iqbal , Faizun Rafiqy Sa'adiy 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Ventilator-Associated pneumonia (VAP) is pneumonia that occurs in patients who have been mechanically ventilated for a duration of more than 48 hours. The duration of ventilator use was identified as a risk factor which is a trigger of VAP. Objective: This study aimed to determine the association between the duration of ventilator use and the incidence of VAP in patients in the Intensive Care Unit of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang. Method and Material: This study was an observational analytic study using a cross-sectional design. The samples were all patients who use a ventilator for more than 48 hours at the ICU room period of July 1, 2014, to June 30, 2015. Data were obtained from the patient’s medical records of a total of 146 patients, but the number of patients who comply with the criteria was 106 patients. Result and Discussion: Out of the 106 samples, 41 patients (38.7%) developed VAP and 65 patients (61.3%) did not develop VAP. The analysis using Chi-Square test showed that patients who used ventilator for >5 days had an OR = 3.273 compared to patients using ventilator 2-5 days (p-value = 0.016; 95% CI = 1.223 to 8.754). Conclusion: There is a significant association between the duration of ventilator use and the incidence of VAP in patients at the ICU of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang. Patients using ventilators for more than 5 days 3,386 times more at risk of developing VAP compared to patients using ventilators 2-5 days. The riskiest time for the patient using ventilator was more than 5 days of usage. And, the mortality rate of VAP patients was 63.4% from 41 patients while the mortality rate of whole ICU patients was 50.9%.