bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inklusion in den Hilfen zur Erziehung
Authors: Hopmann Benedikt 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungInklusion wird in den Hilfen zur Erziehung im Zuge der SGB VIII-Reformbemühungen als sogenannte „Inklusive Lösung“ diskutiert. Der Beitrag skizziert sowohl die Entwicklungslinien und den Anspruch dieser Debatte als auch die offenen Fragen und Herausforderungen mit Blick auf Inklusion und soziale Exklusion. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird ein Verständnis von Inklusion als Befähigung auf Basis des Capabilities-Ansatzes herausgearbeitet.
Cell cycle regulation in NAFLD: when imbalanced metabolism limits cell division
Authors: Caldez Matias J. , Bjorklund Mikael , Kaldis Philipp 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCell division is essential for organismal growth and tissue homeostasis. It is exceptionally significant in tissues chronically exposed to intrinsic and external damage, like the liver. After decades of studying the regulation of cell cycle by extracellular signals, there are still gaps in our knowledge on how these two interact with metabolic pathways in vivo. Studying the cross-talk of these pathways has direct clinical implications as defects in cell division, signaling pathways, and metabolic homeostasis are frequently observed in liver diseases. In this review, we will focus on recent reports which describe various functions of cell cycle regulators in hepatic homeostasis. We will describe the interplay between the cell cycle and metabolism during liver regeneration after acute and chronic damage. We will focus our attention on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, especially non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The global incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing exponentially. Therefore, understanding the interplay between cell cycle regulators and metabolism may lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets amenable to intervention.
Can household dietary diversity inform about nutrient adequacy? Lessons from a food systems analysis in Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Daniel A. , Talsma Elise F. , Trijsburg Laura , Linderhof Vincent , Achterbosch Thom , Nijhuis Aafke , Ruben Ruerd , Brouwer Inge D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study examined the use of the household dietary diversity score (HDDS) to assess household nutrient adequacy in Ethiopia. It also examined the correlates of HDDS following the food systems framework. Results show that the average nutrient consumption in Ethiopia varies by place of residence and by income profile, where households in urban areas and those in the higher income quintiles rank favorably. Among 13 nutrients under study, we found nutrient inadequacy for fat, calcium, zinc, riboflavin, niacin, folate, vitamin C and vitamin A ranging between 46% and 89%, and the prevalence of inadequacy for vitamin B12 to be up to 100%. Econometric results showed that HDDS is a strong predictor of a household’s mean probability of nutrient adequacy (MPA), and that an HDDS of 10 is the minimum threshold at which HDDS can improve household MPA. We found suggestive evidence within the food systems that improving household-incomes, access to health and transport services are beneficial to improve HDDS and nutrient consumption in Ethiopia.
Probiotic Properties of New Lactobacillus Strains Intended to Be Used as Feed Additives for Monogastric Animals
Authors: Śliżewska Katarzyna , Chlebicz-Wójcik Agnieszka , Nowak Adriana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe study aimed to evaluate the safety and probiotic properties of selected Lactobacillus strains, which are intended to be fed to monogastric animals. The Lactobacillus spp. appeared to be safe since they did not degrade mucus and did not exhibit β-haemolysis. Moreover, the survival of Caco-2 cells in the presence of metabolites of the selected strains was high, which also indicated their safety. The analysed strains showed moderate or strong antagonistic activity against Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, which was tested with the usage of the agar slab method. Furthermore, the strains showed high survivability in an acidic environment and the presence of bile salts (~90%). High resistivity or moderate susceptibility to antibiotics was also observed, as a result of the disc diffusion method. The strains were mostly moderately hydrophilic (hydrophobicity: 10.43–41.14%); nevertheless, their auto-aggregation capability exceeded 50% and their co-aggregation with pathogens varied between 12.12 and 85.45%. The ability of the selected strains to adhere to Caco-2 cells was also analysed; they were found to be moderately adhesive (85.09–95.05%) and able to hinder pathogens attaching to the cells (up to 62.58%). The analysed strains exhibit probiotic properties, such as high survivability and adherence to epithelial cells; therefore, they are suitable for administration to monogastric animals. Since the overuse of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock leads to the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and accumulation of chemotherapeutic residues in food of animal origin, it is of vital importance to introduce alternative feed additives.
Geoelectrical characterisation of CO2–water systems in porous media: application to carbon sequestration
Authors: Rabiu K. O. , Van der Helm R. , Mumford N. , Das D. B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCarbon sequestration is a promising method for the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions as it permits the storage of compressed CO2 in the subsurface. The carbon sequestration sites must be monitored to detect potential leaks; one possible method involves the monitoring of geoelectrical properties such as electrical conductivity (σb) and dielectric constant (εb). This investigation focuses on using a time domain reflectometry (TDR) sensor to determine the influence of different factors on the measurements of the electrical conductivity (σb) and dielectric constant (εb) of a porous rock reservoir in relation to the soil water saturation (Sw). The factors investigated were presence of surfactant, salt concentration, pH and rock type which are unique to a given storage site. A number of dynamic two-phase flow experiments were performed using gaseous CO2. It was found that salt concentration, rock type and presence of a surfactant had a notable effect on the σb–Sw and εb–Sw relationships. Higher salt concentrations were found to give higher values for σb and εb for given Sw values. Limestone was found to result in the highest values of both σb and εb for any given Sw, followed by silica and basalt samples. The presence of a surfactant resulted in higher values for σb at higher Sw values and lower values for σb at lower Sw values compared to the case when no surfactant was present. Surfactant presence also resulted in lower values for εb at given Sw values. Initial pH values (with silica sand) were found to have no significant effect on the σb–Sw and εb–Sw relationships. The measurements of σb and εb indicate that the use of TDR presents a viable monitoring option. Furthermore, statistical analysis using non-linear regression was carried out on the experimental results and the model shows a good reliability in the prediction of the monitoring process in geological carbon sequestration.
Hilbert–Poincaré series of parity binomial edge ideals and permanental ideals of complete graphs
Authors: Do Trong Hoang , Kahle Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe give an explicit formula for the Hilbert–Poincaré series of the parity binomial edge ideal of a complete graph $$K_{n}$$

K
n

or equivalently for the ideal generated by all $$2\times 2$$

2
×
2

-permanents of a $$2\times n$$

2
×
n

-matrix. It follows that the depth and Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity of these ideals are independent of n.
Feasibility study of using integrated fiber optical sensors to monitor laser-assisted metal–polymer joining
Authors: Schricker K. , Ganß M. , Könke C. , Bergmann J. P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe possibilities and challenges of using fiber optical sensors to monitor the laser-assisted joining of metal–polymer joints have been described in this article. Fundamental investigation proves the basic suitability of the measuring method for this application and studies the effect of essential influencing variables of the joining process—e.g., the clamping force—on the resulting sensor signals. In addition, the strain state (because of the process temperature and shrinkage of the polymer) of the parts to be joined can be traced as a function of the joining partners, the process parameters, and the material thicknesses. It is shown that the fiber optical method is suitable for process monitoring directly in the joining zone of metal–polymer hybrids and providing a tool for detailed strain measurements in the joint zone during subsequent component testing.
Validation of the fatigue strength assessment of HFMI-treated steel joints under variable amplitude loading
Authors: Leitner M. , Stoschka M. , Barsoum Z. , Farajian M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA recommendation for the application and fatigue assessment of the HFMI post-treatment was published by the IIW in 2016. Recently, the therein recommended HFMI design curves in case of constant amplitude loading (CAL) were validated involving test data with different base material yield strengths, increased plate thicknesses, and elevated load ratios. Continuative to this previous work, this paper focuses on the fatigue assessment of HFMI-treated steel joints under variable amplitude loading (VAL). Four test data sets including randomly distributed VAL and a sufficient amount of tested specimens to ensure a statistically verified assessment are investigated. It is shown that an application of the recommended equivalent stress range approach and a further comparison of the test results to the design curves under CAL lead to a conservative fatigue assessment if the recommended value of the specified damage sum ofD = 0.5 is used. Furthermore, an increased value ofD = 1.0 still maintains a conservative design as presented in the study. Based on this work involving the analysed data sets, it can be concluded that the recommended procedure is well applicable and a conservative fatigue design is facilitated.
Effects of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury on Stereopsis Detected by a Virtual Reality System: Attempt to Develop a Screening Test
Authors: Kara David Delil , Ring Matthias , Hennig Friedrich Frank , Michelson Georg 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The study aimed to evaluate stereopsis as a surrogate marker for post-concussion oculomotor function to develop an objective test that can reliably and quickly detect mild traumatic brain injuries (TBI).

Methods
The cohort of this prospective clinical study included 30 healthy subjects (mean age 25 ± 2 years) and 30 TBI patients (43 ± 22 years) comprising 11 patients with moderate TBI and 19 patients with mild TBI. The healthy subjects were examined once, whereas the TBI patients were examined immediately after hospitalization, at 1 week, and at 2 months. A virtual reality (VR) program displayed three-dimensional rendering of four rotating soccer balls over VR glasses in different gaze directions. The subjects were instructed to select the ball that appeared to be raised from the screen as quickly as possible via remote control. The response times and fusion abilities in different gaze directions were recorded.

Results
The correlation between stereopsis and TBI severity was significant. The response times of the moderate and mild TBI groups were significantly longer than those of the healthy reference group. The response times of the moderate TBI group were significantly longer than those of the mild TBI group. The response times at follow-up examinations were significantly shorter than those immediately after hospitalization. Fusion ability was primarily defective in the gaze direction to the right (90°) and left (270° and 315°).

Conclusions
TBI patients showed impaired stereopsis. Measuring stereopsis in different positions of the visual field using VR can be effective for rapid concussion assessment.
Deriving QoE in systems: from fundamental relationships to a QoE-based Service-level Quality Index
Authors: Hoßfeld Tobias , Heegaard Poul E. , Skorin-Kapov Lea , Varela Martín 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWith Quality of Experience (QoE) research having made significant advances over the years, service and network providers aim at user-centric evaluation of the services provided in their system. The question arises how to derive QoE in systems. In the context of subjective user studies conducted to derive relationships between influence factors and QoE, user diversity leads to varying distributions of user rating scores for different test conditions. Such models are commonly exploited by providers to derive various QoE metrics in their system, such as expected QoE, or the percentage of users rating above a certain threshold. The question then becomes how to combine (a) user rating distributions obtained from subjective studies, and (b) system parameter distributions, so as to obtain the actual observed QoE distribution in the system? Moreover, how can various QoE metrics of interest in the system be derived? We prove fundamental relationships for the derivation of QoE in systems, thus providing an important link between the QoE community and the systems community. In our numerical examples, we focus mainly on QoE metrics. We furthermore provide a more generalized view on quantifying the quality of systems by defining a QoE-based Service-level Quality Index. This index exploits the fact that quality can be seen as a proxy measure for utility. Following the assumption that not all user sessions should be weighted equally, we aim to provide a generic framework that can be utilized to quantify the overall utility of a service delivered by a system.
Improved reliability in production of maize inbred lines by the combination of the R1-navajo marker with flow cytometry or microsatellite genotyping
Authors: Rádi F. , Török K. , Nagymihály M. , Kereszt A. , Dudits D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDoubled haploid (DH) technology is an essential component in producing inbred lines for a competitive maize (Zea mays L.) breeding program. The R1-navajo (R1-nj) gene provides phenotypic marker that insures only variable reliability for seed selection of haploid embryos. Therefore, in the present study we outline a complex protocol for early stage genome size determination that integrates the phenotypic screening with the flow cytometry of nuclei from root tips and with the use of DNA isolated from seedlings for molecular marker-based genotyping. In a representative experiment with three genotypes, only 59% of the color marker pre-selected seeds were confirmed to be haploid by cytometric analysis of nuclei isolated from root tips. As a novel tool we have identified the UMC1152 SSR marker being polymorphic between the haploid inducer line (K405) and the K4390 hybrid as parents to screen seedlings pre-selected with the R1-navajo marker. Using this molecular marker, alleles characteristic for the inducer K405 line could not be detected in 83% of seedlings previously selected as haploid candidate. Seedlings identified as haploids were exposed to 0.06% colchicine solution for rediploidization. This procedure resulted in doubled haploids with 3% frequency relative to the initial population as it was quantified by the number of mature maize plants with fertile tassel. The described complex approach can support safer identification of haploids at early seedling stage in a hybrid population derived from crossing with a haploid inducer line.
Ontic Injustice
Authors: JENKINS KATHARINE 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this article, I identify a distinctive form of injustice—ontic injustice—in which an individual is wronged by the very fact of being socially constructed as a member of a certain social kind. To be a member of a certain social kind is, at least in part, to be subject to certain social constraints and enablements, and these constraints and enablements can be wrongful to the individual who is subjected to them, in the sense that they inflict a moral injury. The concept of ontic injustice is valuable in three main ways: (1) it draws our attention to the role played by social kinds in enacting wrongful constraints and enablements; (2) it clarifies our options for developing accounts of the ontology of particular social kinds, such as gender kinds; and (3), along with the related concept of ‘ontic oppression’, it helps us to understand and respond to oppression.
‘Let us imagine that God has made a miniature earth and sky’: Malebranche on the Body-Relativity of Visual Size
Authors: CHAMBERLAIN COLIN 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMalebranche holds that visual experience represents the size of objects relative to the perceiver's body and does not represent objects as having intrinsic or nonrelational spatial magnitudes. I argue that Malebranche's case for this body-relative thesis is more sophisticated than other commentators—most notably, Atherton (1990) and Simmons (2003)—have presented it. Malebranche's central argument relies on the possibility of perceptual variation with respect to size. He uses two thought experiments to show that perceivers of different sizes—namely, miniature people, giants, and typical human beings—can experience the very same objects as having radically different sizes. Malebranche argues that there is no principled reason to privilege one of these ways of experiencing size over the others and, more specifically, that all three kinds of perceivers experience size veridically. From the possibility of this kind of veridical perceptual variation, Malebranche infers that visual experience represents only body-relative size.
“A nossa lâmpada não se apaga”: The Mnemonic Return of Angola’s Jonas Savimbi
Authors: Martins Vasco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRehabilitating the legacy of deceased leaders is a phenomenon particularly salient in Southern Africa, insofar as memories of liberation wars provoke considerable debate. After a protracted civil war, Angolans remain divided about the contributions of their historical leaders. Jonas Savimbi sits at the center of this division, a binary representation of both heroism and villainy. Martins demonstrates how Savimbi’s memory is invoked both as a moral source of hope for an alternative Angola—one imagined and disseminated by Savimbi and UNITA and appropriated by social protest—and as a technology of fear and control employed by the MPLA to assert political dominance.
Cortical Spreading Depolarization in Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Bridging the Gap
Authors: Levesque Mathieu , Deacon Charles , Adam Suzie , Iorio-Morin Christian 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT:Cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) is recognized as a cause of transient neurological symptoms (TNS) in various clinical entities. Although scientific literature has been flourishing in the field of CSD, it remains an underrecognized pathophysiology in clinical practice. The literature evoking CSD in relation to subdural hematoma (SDH) is particularly scarce. Patients with SDH frequently suffer from TNS, most being attributed to seizures despite an atypical semiology, evolution, and therapeutic response. Recent literature has suggested that a significant proportion of those patients’ TNS represent the clinical manifestations of underlying CSD. Recently, the term Non-Epileptical Stereoytpical Intermittent Symptoms (NESIS) has been proposed to describe a subgroup of patients presenting with TNS in the context of SDH. Indirect evidence and recent research suggest that the pathophysiology of NESIS could represent the clinical manifestation of CSD. This review should provide a concise yet thorough review of the current state of literature behind the pathophysiology of CSD with a particular focus on recent research and knowledge regarding the presence of CSD in the context of subdural hematoma. Although many questions remain in the evolution of knowledge in this field would likely have significant diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic implications.
Development of an electronic health records datamart to support clinical and population health research
Authors: Hurst Jillian H. , Liu Yaxing , Maxson Pamela J. , Permar Sallie R. , Boulware L. Ebony , Goldstein Benjamin A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Electronic health record (EHR) data have emerged as an important resource for population health and clinical research. There have been significant efforts to leverage EHR data for research; however, given data security concerns and the complexity of the data, EHR data are frequently difficult to access and use for clinical studies. We describe the development of a Clinical Research Datamart (CRDM) that was developed to provide well-curated and easily accessible EHR data to Duke University investigators.

Methods:
The CRDM was designed to (1) contain most of the patient-level data elements needed for research studies; (2) be directly accessible by individuals conducting statistical analyses (including Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design (BERD) core members); (3) be queried via a code-based system to promote reproducibility and consistency across studies; and (4) utilize a secure protected analytic workspace in which sensitive EHR data can be stored and analyzed. The CRDM utilizes data transformed for the PCORnet data network, and was augmented with additional data tables containing site-specific data elements to provide additional contextual information.

Results:
We provide descriptions of ideal use cases and discuss dissemination and evaluation methods, including future work to expand the user base and track the use and impact of this data resource.

Conclusions:
The CRDM utilizes resources developed as part of the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs) program and could be replicated by other institutions with CTSAs.
Understanding the interrelationships among mass balance, meteorology, discharge and surface velocity on Chhota Shigri Glacier over 2002–2019 using in situ measurements
Authors: Mandal Arindan , Ramanathan Alagappan , Azam Mohd. Farooq , Angchuk Thupstan , Soheb Mohd , Kumar Naveen , Pottakkal Jose George , Vatsal Sarvagya , Mishra Somdutta , Singh Virendra Bahadur 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Himalayan glaciers contribute significantly to regional water resources. However, limited field observations restrict our understanding of glacier dynamics and behaviour. Here, we investigated the long-term in situ mass balance, meteorology, ice velocity and discharge of the Chhota Shigri Glacier. The mean annual glacier-wide mass balance was negative, −0.46 ± 0.40 m w.e. a−1 for the period 2002–2019 corresponding to a cumulative wastage of −7.87 m w.e. Winter mass balance was 1.15 m w.e. a−1 and summer mass balance was −1.35 m w.e. a−1 over 2009–2019. Surface ice velocity has decreased on average by 25–42% in the lower and middle ablation zone (below 4700 m a.s.l.) since 2003; however, no substantial change was observed at higher altitudes. The decrease in velocity suggests that the glacier is adjusting its flow in response to negative mass balance. The summer discharge begins to rise from May and peaks in July, with a contribution of 43%, followed by 38% and 19% in August and September, respectively. The discharge pattern closely follows the air temperature. The long-term observation on the ‘Chhota Shigri – a benchmark glacier’, shows a mass wastage which corresponds to the slowdown of the glacier in the past two decades.