bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green chemical engineering: challenges in chemical industrial processes for a better life
Authors: Riadi L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Almost thirty years away from sustainable development Rio summit, we still need to put a big effort in promoting and implementing industrial sustainable process. Green chemical engineering has been involved in industrial processes and chemical engineers are working to develop solutions for green and economic production of product using clean technologies, solving energy and raw materials shortage, sustainable water supply and wastewater treatment, carbon capture and utilization. This paper aims to highlight developments, challenges and best practices in green chemical engineering for both green product engineering and green process engineering. Incorporating the green engineering concept in the curriculum at university level to create a critical mass of engineers and scientists in green engineering is also included.
Regulatory performance of two different tuning methods for milk cooling control system
Authors: Agustriyanto R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Temperature is one of the essential factors for bacterial growth in milk. The higher the temperature, the faster the growth of bacteria. It is empirically proven that the bacteria will stop growing at the temperature of about 4°C. In this research, continuous milk cooling process was simulated and then controlled by using Proportional - Integral (PI) feedback control system. The regulatory performance of the two different tuning methods were then analyzed (i.e Tyreus - Luybean and Hagglund – Astorm). Their SSE (sum squared of errors) were compared. It was found that Tyreus – Luyben method gave better regulatory performance than Hagglund – Astorm.
Effect of NR-g-cellulose coupling agent into NR-cellulose composite dispersibility and its physical properties
Authors: Handayani H , Cifriadi A , Handayani A S , Chalid M , Savetlana S , Christwardana M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Natural rubber and cellulose are two materials with very different compatibility, so it is difficult to produce homogenous composite without using coupling agent. Natural rubber is nonpolar while cellulose is polar. The combination of natural rubber with cellulose is expected to produce composite with higher strength. The reinforcement concept of polymeric materials, such as natural rubber with cellulose as filler, results from increased rubber-filler interactions. This study aims to determine the effect of NR-
g
-Cellulose as coupling agent on the dispersibility of the composite and its physical properties. Hexamine/resorcinol and silane were used as a reference for a commercial coupling agent. Cellulose material was mixed in two-roll open mill together with natural rubber and other chemicals using three types of coupling agents, hexamine/resorcinol, silane, and NR-
g
-Cellulose. The FESEM result of the surface of composite indicated that composite with NR-
g
-Cellulose as coupling agent showed homogenously dispersed compared to two other types of coupling agent but it is lower in physical properties, especially in tensile strength, tear strength, compression set, and rebound resilience of the composite. It may be caused by the NR-
g
-Cellulose coupling agent not working optimally and therefore it needs a high temperature to optimize the coupling agent to react with natural rubber and cellulose.
The effects of electroculture on shoot proliferation of garlic (Allium sativum l.)
Authors: Manguiam Von Louie R , Margate Ashley Marie N. , Hilahan Rose Danielle G , Lucin Harold Gian L , Pamintuan Kristopher Ray S , Adornado Adonis P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Philippines is an archipelago that always experiences yearly devastating typhoons which hinders continuous agricultural crop production. Using an old horticulture technique called electroculture, supplied electric voltage can stimulate plant growth, improve crop quality, and increase crop yields as long as the contributing factors are present – dormancy and essential nutrients. Using garlic (Allium sativum L.), three set-ups were prepared: control, 6 V, and 12 V electrocuted systems. Then, the effects of the supplied voltage in terms of plant height were visualized. The reaction of the garlic (A. sativum L.) to the application of voltage gave unfavorable results – the average height is relatively higher for the controlled system having 78.2 cm compared to the 6 V and 12 V set-ups of 55.7 cm and 57.1 cm, respectively. However, from the data of the 12th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 25th, and 26th day of the experimental period, the electricity applied somehow assisted the plant’s growth. Drying and decrease in height were also visible during the 29th day of the experiment. Further experimentation and optimization can be done to substantiate the results of this present study.
The surface roughness analysis using sound signal in turning of mild steel
Authors: Patwari Anayet U , Zamee A A , Bhuiyan M H , Sakib S M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Among every other parameters of production process, surface roughness holds its ground as one of the most crucial factors for the quality analysis. Good surface finish is a major criterion in almost every machining process. If the surfaces aren’t smooth, many kinds of mechanical, thermal, frictional, vibrational problems may occur. So minimizing the surface roughness should be the top priority. Surface roughness depends on many factors. But it has a direct relation with the tool conditions and overhang length of the tool. With the variations of tool conditions and overhang length the machining sound level also varies. In this present study, an analysis has been made based on captured sound signal to correlate the surface roughness parameters with sound level at different tool and overhang length conditions. As the cutting tool wears out due to continuous usage, surface roughness also develops on the tool surface. It has been observed that with the increase of overhang length the sound generated level within the cutting zone varied and surface roughness in the job also varied due to the effect of vibration and friction. A correlation factor has been investigated with the sound level variation to analyze the surface roughness condition with different tool wear and overhang length.
A review of a machine design of chocolate extrusion based co-rotating twin screw extruder
Authors: Pitayachaval P , Watcharamaisakul P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Based on innovation and competitive market for food industry, there are several food products which have been designed to attract customer. Since there is USD 39,431 millions of chocolate sales in 2018, USA [1], chocolate product shapes have been developed based on manufacturing process. This paper presents a review process of a machine design of chocolate extrusion based co-rotating twin screw extruder. A property of suitable chocolate for extruder was established. The pros and cons of machine extruder for food processing including, a screw extruder design were exposed. Since there were problems in the chocolate extruder, the process parameters such as barrel temperatures, feed rate, screw speed, motor load and melt pressure were established. These parameters would be applied to design screw extruder for chocolate processing.
Carbon emission modelling in container terminal operations planning using a system dynamics approach
Authors: Prayogo D N 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses the model development of carbon emission cost in container terminal operations planning using a system dynamics approach. Operational planning in a container terminal consists of planning a vessel at berth process, containers loading and unloading processes by quay cranes, containers transportation process by container trucks, containers loading and unloading processes by yard cranes, and containers receiving and delivery processes by container trailers. In each stage, the process will produce carbon gas emissions. A system dynamics simulation model was applied to determine the optimal allocation of the number of used material handling equipment based on the number of handled containers to minimize the total carbon emissions in a container terminal operations planning. The design of a system dynamics simulation model considers the uncertainty in the vessel arrival time and the number of containers that should be handled on each moored vessel at the berth. The system dynamics model had been applied to a numerical example for resulting the optimal solutions of planning decisions at container terminal operations.
Effects of initial concentration, adsorbent mass, pH and temperature to personal care products waste removal with activated carbon as adsorbent
Authors: Priyantini H R , Riadi L , Effendi C , Effendi F , Mitayani A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Before being discharged into the water, waste from the personal care products (PCP) industry needs to be treated using the adsorption process. In this study, activated carbon is chosen as adsorbent because of its organophilic property, abundance, and continuous system. The experiment was carried out in batches using 3 variables of COD concentrations in PCP wastes in 250 ppm, 225 ppm, and 200 ppm with the adsorbent mass amount of 0.3 g/l, 0.35 g/l, and 0.4 g/l. In this experiment, the effects of initial COD concentration, adsorbent mass, pH, and temperature on the adsorption process, equilibrium models and mass transfer coefficients of adsorption will be analyzed. Equilibrium models of Distribution Coefficient, Freundlich, and Langmuir Model, were implemented in this experiment. From results of the study, the equilibrium system of PCP waste and activated carbon using Langmuir Equilibrium achieved a removal value of 69.03% at concentration of 200 ppm and the adsorbent mass of 0.4 g/l. To determine the mass transfer coefficient, an external adsorption model was used. The coefficient value of mass transfer coefficient (kc) with the trial method is 3.78x10-8 m/min. Using numerical method with MATLAB, the result is 7.6222x10-8 m/min, while using the analytical approach, the result is 7.413x10-8 m/min.
A kinetic study of oil-in-water emulsion formation stabilized by rice husk ash and lecithin
Authors: Sapei L , Kurniawan S W , Siantoro A P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Many food products are in the forms of emulsions whereby at least one phase is dispersed in other phases. Since emulsions consist of different immiscible phases, they tend to be unstable with time despite the incorporation of emulsifiers. In this study, the stabilities of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions prepared using emulsifier mixtures of rice husk ash (RHA) and lecithin were monitored with time and destabilization kinetics of emulsion were studied. Rice husk ash of 2% was combined with various lecithin concentrations ranged from 0.5% to 3%, and they were added into the oil phase. The emulsification was carried out using a rotor stator homogenizer. The results showed that the rate of emulsion destabilization followed the first order kinetic model. The lowest value k1 of 0.4 × 10−3 minute−1 was obtained from the combination of 2% RHA and 2% lecithin. This implied the synergism action of RHA with lecithin in stabilizing the emulsion. The mixtures of lecithin and RHA seemed to be quite promising in stabilizing the O/W emulsion system for designing healthy O/W emulsion food-based products.
A systematic literature review for developing sustainability assessment tool: formulating the state of the art and future direction
Authors: Sari Y , Hidayatno A , Suzianti A , Hartono M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Sustainability, with the concept of “triple bottom line”, has been growing as a “trending topic” recently. It is no longer a paradox; it is now about how to turn this challenge or opportunity into day-to-day management decisions to achieve advantage in both financial performance and corporate sustainability. In conjunction with it, there is a growing need for a better way to develop, assess and measure organization’s sustainability performance. This paper discussed a three-stage systematic literature review that is being deployed as the research framework, to scope how sustainability assessments have been developed recently and to formulate the State of the Art for future research. It reviewed 63 selected articles out of 875 papers from Science Direct database. Based on our review, as the novelty proposed by this publication, there were two major approaches used in developing sustainability assessment i.e. criteria-based and model-based approaches. Both approaches had similar popularity in publication: 57% for criteria-based and 43% for model-based. Each had its strengths and weaknesses, but the model-based approach was chosen for future development of the conceptual framework. Furthermore, the review indicated that several main concepts were being used for sustainability assessment and guided the future development into the concept of Business Process Management and Corporate Sustainability.
Controlled release fertilizer based on starch chitosan encapsulation
Authors: Savitri E , Purwanto E , Kodrat A N , Yonathan E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Phosphor is the main component in a triple super phosphate (TSP) fertilizer which is needed by plants. However, phosphorus is very soluble in the water and makes it easily removed from the soil flowing into the river, and causing algae bloom problems. The solution for the problem is by using the fertilizer coated with starch-chitosan based material. The coated hydrogel bead fertilizer was expected to have a phosphorus controlled-released behaviour and retain the phosphor to be able to stay for a longer time in the soil. This research dealt with studying phosphorus releasing behaviour of starch-chitosan based fertilizer, water uptaking characteristic (swelling), and the morphology of the materials. The commercial granular fertilizer TSP was coated using starch-chitosan suspension. The coatings were conducted by spraying technique. The chitosan-starch mass ratio used were 100:0, 30:70, and 70:30, otherwise the starch percentages were made of 1%, 2%, and 3%. After coated by starch-chitosan suspension, the fertilizers were dried and used on the soil media. The soil which contained coated fertilizer was regularly watered and the phosphorus content was analyzed. The study showed that the water uptaking of the coated fertilizer was higher than that of the conventional uncoated fertilizer. The optimum condition of the chitosan-starch based coating was 30:70 and 2% of starch percentage. Furthermore, the higher chitosan content yielded the higher water uptaking capacity. This phenomenon is supported by the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) result. The coating fertilizer with higher chitosan content (ratio of 70:30, 2% starch) had more pores than that of lower chitosan content (ratio of 30:70, 1% starch).
Combined structural equation modelling – artificial neural networks model for predicting customer loyalty
Authors: Hadiyat M A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Customer loyalty becomes considerations by service providers to maintain for reducing the churn rate. Many studies propose factors that are significantly influencing customer loyalty, and apply them for predicting it. Based on mathematical models, loyalty prediction methods are developed, and it involves new approaches including machine learning. This research aim is predicting customer loyalty using the combination of structural equation model (SEM) and artificial neural networks (ANN). The methodology starts by applying SEM for selecting statistically significant factors affect the loyalty. The linear SEM model ensures this relationship by fulfilling statistical hypothesis and fulfilled assumptions. Once selected factors are found, they are treated as inputs for ANN modelling. ANN is selected because of its ability in nonlinear modelling to enhance its prediction. ANN then learns the relationship between those inputs and the loyalty in real time as any additional observation recorded in. Based on trained ANN, prediction of customer loyalty based on input factors could be done. A case study was conducted at a Hotel by asking 130 customers. SEM inputs includes tangibles, facility, and staff attitudes, while loyalty scores become output. Combination of SEM-ANN has successfully predicted the customer loyalty and brought up chances for improvement strategies.
Development and usability evaluation of virtual guide using augmented reality for Candi Gunung Gangsir in East Java
Authors: Ronyastra I M , Hapsari I , Pani F P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Despite being one of Indonesian cultural and historical heritage, Candi Gunung Gangsir failed to attract many visitors especially from the younger generations. Lack of attraction and supporting facilities in the vicinity is one of the reasons. This research aims to develop an interactive virtual guide enabled by augmented reality that will increase the attractiveness of the object. The methods used in this research are product design and development steps with consideration of human computer interaction, and usability. Primary data of customer needs are collected on and off site through questionnaires and interviews. Customer needs are then used to generate several product concepts to choose 1 final concept from through concept selection methods. Literature review and interviews are conducted to create an accurate story line for the virtual guide. The chosen concept is then developed to become a final application which also tested against the customer needs through a survey method. The result of this research is an offline Android-based augmented reality application to scan the 17 markers to show a3-D virtual guide character on the marker and inform the visitor about history of that particular spot. The usability testing was conducted to 20 respondents and revealed that the application can attract them to visit Candi Gunung Gangsir.
Fluazinam Potential as a Fungicide in Liquid Culture System for the Growth of Haematococcus pluvialis Microalgae
Authors: Witono J R , Novianty V , Santoso H , Miryanti A , Kumalaputri A J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
All across biological system, fungal infection in freshwater systems is well known to obstruct the aquatic biomass population such as microalgae. However, there is a lack of extensive information on the suitable technique to control them. This research aims to assess the effects of the fungicide fluazinam as a single dose treatment on the Haematococcus pluvialis growth rate and the presence of chytrids fungus in a liquid culture system. The variables used in this experiment were the concentration of fluazinam given to the culture (i.e. 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1; 1.25 ppm) as a single dose treatment. The growth performance of H. pluvialis was observed in 6 days consecutively based on the cell density by a single direct absorbance measurement and the cell counting by haemocytometer. The best growth was achieved in a culture system which was given fluazinam at a concentration of 0.5 ppm (started from 1.0 x 105 cells/mL to 5.5 x 105 cells mL−1 on the 5th day) and no chytrids fungus are found in the culture system either. So, in conclusion, the use of fluazinam is a promising treatment for removing contaminants that inhibit H. pluvialis growth.
The kinetics oxidative degradation of chitosan in formic acid with the presence of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Purwanto E , Connor J , Ngothai Y 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe chitosan degradation in formic acid solution with the presence of hydrogen peroxide was investigated in this work. Temperature and reaction time had a significant effect on reducing the molecular weight of chitosan, and it is clear that it decreased the molecular weight faster at the first 15 minutes of reaction time. Therefore, the molar concentration of chitosan in the solution increased with temperature and reaction time. The reaction order was determined from the molar changes of chitosan on reaction time and found followed -0.1 reaction order to the molar concentration of chitosan. The Arrhenius equation was used to study the correspondence influence of reaction temperature on the degradation reaction rate constant. The results suggest that the values of degradation rate constant increased with higher reaction temperature. The value of activation energy was determined under the experimental operating conditions examined to be 99.8 kJ/mol. The FT-IR spectra demonstrated that there was no change in the chemical structure of chitosan before and after the degradation reaction.
Drying of celery leaves (Apium graveolens L.) using a PV/T solar dryer
Authors: Sapei L , Tarigan E , Sugiarto D N , Gianluca D 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Celery (Avium graveolens L.) has been naturally used to treat hypertension and cancer. Fresh celery contains a high water content of approximately ±86% which may lower the quality upon storage for a long time. Drying was applied to reduce moisture content in order to prolong the shelf-life. Drying of celery was carried out using a self-designed photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) solar dryer as well as conventional dryers such as oven and vacuum oven for the comparisons at an approximate temperature of 49°C. The PV/T solar dryer was able to simultaneously convert the solar energy into thermal and electrical energy. The electrical energy was in turn used to drive the blowers to create a forced convective flow of heat transfer. Drying in the PV/T solar dryer was carried out in 3 different weather conditions while 3 different pressures (10; 40; 70 kPa) were tested during drying in the vacuum oven. The PV/T solar dryers demonstrated the best results in terms of constant drying rate (0.986 kg H2O/min.m2) and drying time (87 minutes). Total chlorophyll content retained was 5.42 mg/L. The PV/T solar dryer seemed promising to be further developed for an efficient drying process since it required low energy consumption while using the costless renewable solar energy.
Utilization of rice straw and used paper for the recycle papermaking
Authors: Suseno N , Adiarto T , Sifra M , Elvira V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Rice Straw is one of the most important materials that has been used for pulp and paper production due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. However, the pulping and papermaking characteristics of the mixture of rice straw and used paper have rarely been investigated. In this experiment, delignified rice straw was mixed with used paper in order to make recycle papers with acceptable properties. Soda pulping process was carried out to remove out of lignin. The delignification was designed to measure the effects in terms of sodium hydroxide concentration and temperature, on the cellulose and lignin content of rice straw, and its tensile strength and water absorption. The mass ratio of used paper and rice straw was varied and its physical properties was observed and compared to paper from natural rice straw. The delignification was conducted using NaOH concentrations (4-10% w/w) and temperatures (60-90°C) for 1 hour. The ratio of rice straw to used paper was varied (1:1-1:9). An optimum condition was obtained from rice straw delignification at NaOH concentration of 8% and temperature of 90°C. The results of the optimum condition obtained the highest amount of cellulose content and tensile strength while having the lowest amount of lignin content and water absorption.