bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the dual specificity phosphatase genes and risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infant
Authors: Talavera M.M. , Jin Y. , Zmuda E.J. , Frick J. , Liu Y. , McBride K.L. , Nelin L.D. , Trittmann J.K. 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND: Differences in the susceptibility of preterm infants to develop necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) implicate potential genetic differences in response to the inflammatory stimuli leading to NEC. Dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) are a key suppressor pathway of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pro-inflammatory signaling pathway. We hypothesized that inherited single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DUSP genes contribute to NEC susceptibility in premature infants. METHODS: Patients admitted between 2010 and 2015 born at <  32 weeks GA and≤1,500 g BW with stage II+NEC (cases; n = 50) and age, weight-matched controls ( n = 38) were included. Blood samples were collected for DNA isolation. Agena Mass Array assay was used to examine 31 SNPs in 9 different DUSP genes. Calculated minor allele frequencies (MAF) for cases and controls were compared using χ2 and logistic regression. RESULTS: The presence of the rs704074 SNP was associated with a 48% decreased risk of developing NEC (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.27– 1.01, p = 0.04). The odds of surgical NEC decreased by 78% (OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.06– 0.84, p = 0.027) for each copy of rs704074/G allele in patients with NEC. CONCLUSION: In this small single-center pilot study, DUSP-6 SNP (rs704074) was associated with a lower risk of developing NEC and surgical NEC, the most severe form of NEC, in preterm infants.
Urban/rural differences in the use of physician services by people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Buchanan Robert J. , Wang Suojin , Stuifbergen Alexa , Chakravorty Bonnie J. , Zhu Li , Kim MyungSuk 
Published: January 2020

Objective: to identify any urban/rural differences among people with multiple sclerosis (MS) in the utilization of physician services and MS-focused care, as well as differences in patient perceptions of access and quality. Method: data were collected by surveying 1,518 people with MS throughout the United States, equally divided among urban, urban-adjacent rural areas, and more remote rural areas. Standard SAS procedures were used to analyze the results. Results: significantly larger proportions of people with MS in rural areas had a family or general practitioner as their primary physician while a significantly larger proportion of people with MS in urban areas had a neurologist as their primary physician. Rural residents traveled significantly greater distances to receive MS-focused care than their urban counterparts. People with MS living in more remote rural areas averaged less satisfaction with their access to a neurologist and to MS-focused care, and less satisfaction with the quality of care received, than people with MS in urban areas. Conclusion: limited availability of MS specialists in rural areas, and greater travel time and distance required to receive care from these providers, present future challenges to providing appropriate and high quality MS-focused care to people living with MS in rural areas.
Utilization of rehabilitation therapies by nursing home residents with MS at admission
Authors: Buchanan Robert J. , Wang Suojin , Martin Raymond A. , Ju Hyunsu 
Published: January 2020

Objective: To identify factors associated with the utilization of physical and occupational therapies by nursing home residents with multiple sclerosis (MS) at admission to the facility. Design: The study analyzed 27,264 admission assessments for residents with MS recorded in the national Minimum Data Set (MDS) between June, 1998 and June, 2003. A multiple linear regression model was employed to analyze the MDS data. The total number of minutes of physical and occupational therapies provided are the dependent variables. Independent variables are demographic characteristics, payment source, behavioral symptoms, and a range of health-related characteristics. Results: The use of physical and occupational therapies by residents with MS at admission to the nursing facility was significantly associated with payment source, controlling for other independent variables. Conclusions: When reimbursement is available these therapies are more likely to be prescribed or requested. Since provision of these rehabilitative services diminishes disability and handicap, expanded Medicaid coverage may reduce long term health care costs and also improve the quality of life.
Does long-term outcome after intensive inpatient rehabilitation of acquired brain injury depend on etiology?
Authors: Blicher Jakob Udby , Nielsen Jørgen Feldbæk 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To identify predictors of outcome, epilepsy, spasticity and depression one year after severe acquired brain injury. Method: Retrospective cohort study. A consecutive sample of 165 patients with severe acquired brain injury admitted for inpatient rehabilitation during a 18-month time period, was contacted and offered home visits one-year after brain injury. Of the 165 patients 12 did not participate. The cohort included patients with different etiologies primarily traumatic brain injury (65), stroke (25) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (34). Functional independent measure (FIM) was measured at admission at rehabilitation unit and at follow-up. At follow-up the presence of epilepsy, spasticity, and depression was evaluated. Results: Using multiple logistic regression a short length of stay at acute hospital (LOS1) ( P = 0.004), a high FIM score at admission ( P < 0.001), and low age ( P = 0.003), were all predictors of good outcome. No difference was found between etiologies ( P = 0.077). The presence of spasticity was predicted by low FIM score ( P < 0.001), longer LOS1 ( P < 0.036), etiology ( P < 0.001), and lower age ( P = 0.001). Depression was predicted by higher age ( P = 0.035). Conclusions: Age, functional status, and length of acute hospital stay are associated with outcome one year after brain injury. The functional outcome was not correlated to etiology.
Ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin type A injection to the iliopsoas muscle in the management of children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Depedibi R. , Ünlü E. , Çevikol A. , Akkaya T. , Çakcı A. , Çerekçi R. , Köse G. , Ünlüsoy D. 
Published: January 2020

Objective: To determine the effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) on spasticity and functional development in children with cerebral palsy (CP) in conjunction with a physiotherapy program. Method: In this prospective study, 18 CP patients were evaluated. Multilevel BTX-A injection was applied to children at a dose of 15 U/kg. Children were assessed before and at the 5th and 12th week post-injection using Thomas test, Duncan-Ely test, passive range of motion (pROM) measurement, Distance Between Knee (DBK), Selective Motor Control (SMC) scale, modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and modified Physician Rating Scale (mPRS). To assess functional improvement, Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM) were used before and at the 12th week post-injection. Results: At 5th week post-injection, a statistically significant decrease was determined in spasticity ( p < 0.01). Improvement was observed in mPRS and pROM, but not in SMC. At the 12th week post-injection, GMFM ( p < 0.001) and WeeFIM improved significantly (p < 0.001). The improvement in pROM and mPRS ( p < 0.01) lasted until the 12th week post-injection, but the improvement in MAS ( p > 0.05) and in the Tardieu test of hip adductors ( p > 0.05) did not last after the 5th week. Conclusion: BTX-A injection enhances functional and motor abilities in the development process.
The interrater and intrarater reliability of the Modified Ashworth Scale in the assessment of muscle spasticity: Limb and muscle group effect
Authors: Ansari Noureddin Nakhostin , Naghdi Soofia , Arab Tahereh Khosravian , Jalaie Shohreh 
Published: January 2020

The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) is a clinical scale used to assess muscle spasticity. While the evidence indicates that the reliability of the MAS is better in the upper limb and in certain distal muscle groups, no investigation has compared the effect of limbs and muscle groups on the MAS reliability. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of limb and muscle group on the reliability of the MAS in patients with spastic hemiplegia. Thirty subjects with upper and lower limb muscle spasticity were recruited for this trial. Two female experienced physiotherapists participated in this examination of reliability, and rated each patient in a randomized order in a single session. For the intrarater reliability, the second rater repeated the test 1 week later. Shoulder adductor, elbow flexor, wrist flexor, hip adductor, knee extensor, and ankle plantar flexor were tested on the hemiplegic side. Results demonstrated moderate inter ( κ = 0.514, SE = 0.046, p < 0.001) and intrarater ( κ = 0.590, SE = 0.051, p < 0.001) reliability. For the inter and intrarater reliability, the agreement obtained for the upper and lower limb was similar. In the upper limb, the agreement between raters on the distal wrist flexor was significantly higher than the agreement on the proximal shoulder adductor. In the lower limb, there was a similar agreement between raters on the distal ankle plantar flexor and proximal hip adductor. For within rater, the agreement on the proximal and distal muscles of both limbs was not statistically significant. The Modified Ashworth Scale had moderate reliability. The limbs had no effect on the reliability. The agreement on distal wrist flexor in the upper limb was significantly higher between rater than in the proximal shoulder adductor. The agreement obtained with the MAS was not good, which questions the validity of the measurements.
“Yedi Puanlamalı Subjektif Global Değerlendirme’nin (SGD-7P)” Türkçe’ye Uyarlanması ve Hemodiyaliz Hastaları Üzerinde Pilot Çalışma ile SGD-3P Uyumunun Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Olcay Eminsoy İrem , Kızıltan Gül , Akçil Ok Mehtap , Eminsoy M. Gökhan , Oral Emel Aydan , Sayın Cihat Burak 
Published: January 2020

Amaç: Orijinali İngilizce olan ve diyaliz hastalarının beslenme durumunun değerlendirmek için kullanılan “Yedi puanlamalı Subjektif Global Değerlendirme (SGD-7P)” formunun Türkçe denkliğini (semantik) göstermek ve Subjektif Global Değerlendirme (SGD-3P) uyumunun araştırılmasıdır.
Bireyler ve Yöntem: Semantik denkliği sağlamak için İngilizce olan form Türkçe’ye çevrilmiş, sonra tekrar İngilizce’ye çevrilip, her iki formun birbirine örtüştüğüne karar verildikten sonra, 16 hemodiyaliz hastasıyla yapılan pilot çalışma sonunda SGD-7P ile SGD-3P uyumlu olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonrasında 227 hemodiyaliz hastasına SGD-3P ve SGD-7P uygulanarak, bazı kan parametrelerinin ve antropometrik ölçümlerinin değerlendirildiği çalışma düzenlenmiştir.
Bulgular: SGD-7P ve SGD-3P uyumu değerlendirmek için 16 hasta üzerinde yapılan pilot çalışmada, Cohen Kappa testi sonucunda uyum katsayısı 0.862 ve p<0.0001 olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasına katılan 227 hastanın, %30.4’ü kadın, %69.6’ı erkektir. Yaş ortalamaları 60.44±14.99 yıldır. SGD-3P ve SGD-7P için sırasıyla serum albümin (r=-0. 261, p<0.0001; r=-0.182, p=0.006), hemodiyaliz (HD) öncesi kreatinin değerlerinin (r=-0.248, p<0.0001; r=-0.212, p=0.001) negatif yönlü ve benzer güçte bir korelasyon gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Antropometrik ölçümler ile SGD-3P ve SGD-7P yapılan korelasyon analizinde sırasıyla vücut ağırlığı (r=-0.347, p<0.0001; r=-0.243, p<0.0001), beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) (r=-0.300 p<0.0001; r=-0.199, p=0.003), üst orta kol çevresi (ÜOKÇ) (r=-0.312, p<0.0001; r=-0.252 p<0.0001), triseps deri kıvrım kalınlığı (TDKK) (r=-0.369, p<0.0001; r=-0.190, p=0.007) ve el kavrama kuvveti (r=-0.170, p=0.016; r=-0.157, p=0.026) ile negatif yönlü ve benzer güçte bir korelasyon gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. SGD-7P ile SGD-3P uyumunu gösteren Kappa istatistiği 0.571 olarak bulunmuştur. Serum albümin, total protein, kreatinin değerleri ile vücut ağırlığı, BKİ, ÜOKÇ, TDKK, el kavrama kuvvetleri SGD-3P ve SGD-7P yapılan değerlendirmede iyi beslenmiş ve hafif-orta-ağır malnütrisyonlu olan hastalarda istatistiksel olarak önemli olacak şekilde farklılıklar göstermektedir.
Sonuç: SGD-7P Türkçeye uyarlanmış ve hemodiyaliz hastalarında malnütrisyon durumunu değerlendirmek için uygun bir araç olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Polityka publiczna – zagadnienia i nurty teoretyczne
Authors: Szarfenberg Ryszard 
Published: January 2020

Prowadząc badania polityki publicznej w Polsce, powinno się nawiązywać do pojęć, kategorii analitycznych oraz teorii, które zaproponowano już w tym obszarze badawczym. Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie przeglądu rozwoju teorii polityki publicznej w dłuższym okresie. Jako pierwsze zostały przedstawione podejścia typologiczne i stadialne.
Teorie polityki publicznej zostały omówione jako dwa szersze zbiory przy uwzględnieniupodziału na paradygmaty – racjonalny oraz interpretatywny. Szczegółowo przedstawiono zastosowanie pierwszego z nich do zagadnienia definiowania wyboru rozwiązań problemów publicznych. Paradygmat interpretatywny opisano głównie w powiązaniu z argumentatywnym zwrotem oraz próbą połączenia podejścia racjonalistycznego i interpretatywnego w perspektywie racjonalnej dyskusji. Przegląd kończy przedstawienie kilku prób uporządkowania pola badawczego nauki o polityce publicznej za pomocą określenia listy pytań badawczych, obszarów badań, ram teoretyczno-metodologicznych oraz archetypów działalności analityków polityki publicznej.
Trust in government in times of economic crisis
Authors: Sobiech Robert 
Published: January 2020

The aim of the paper is to provide an overview of the existing studies concerning the phenomenon of public trust in government. Low trust in government has been frequently defined as a key problem influencing the policy process in many countries. The economic crises reinforced the importance of trust and triggered public debates on the necessary reforms of the public sector. The paper examines the key theories and research conducted by social scientists with a particular emphasis on the role of trust in risk societies. The review of the existing literature concentrates on the drivers of trust, showing the importance of two interlinked logics: the logic of consequences (the performance approach) and the logic of appropriateness (the process approach). The first one explains trust as a result of outputs and outcomes of government policies and services. The logic of appropriateness claims that trust is built on values and identity and depends on the adoption by governments the rules of integrity, openness, responsiveness and transparency. Trust in government is also deeply rooted in a broader system of rules, norms andvalues known as the trust culture. The last part of the paper is an attempt to trace an impact of an economic crisis on public trust. Studies of public opinion do not fully confirm the opinions on low trust and a decline in trust in government and trust in public administration in times of crisis. Some studies reveal considerable fluctuations of public trust in selected countries. In other countries, the public evaluation of government and public administration is high and there are only slight modifications in citizens’ perception of the government.
Hubungan Perawatan Payudara Dan Frekuensi Pemberian Asi Terhadap Produksi Asi
Authors: Ningsih Fitriani , Lestari Rizki Muji 
Published: January 2020

Latar belakang: Air Susu Ibu dapat memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi bayi, imunologi dan psikologis. Walaupun ASI memiliki manfaat yang baik untuk bayi, namun faktanya masih banyak ibu yang tidak memberikan ASI secara ekslusif. Hal ini disebabkan karena beberapa alasan yaitu puting susu lecet, payudara bengkak, saluran susu tersumbat, mastitis, abses payudara, kelainan anatomi puting, atau bayi enggan menyusu sehingga membuat ibu tidak memberikan ASI secara eksklusifTujuan: Penelitian ini untuk melihat hubungan perawatan payudara dan frekuensi menyusui dengan produksi asiMetode: Desain penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Besar sampel pada penelitian sebanyak 30 responden ibu nifas yang ada di ruang Nifas RSUD dr. Doris Sylvanus Kota Palangka Raya. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan pengujian statistik menggunakan uji statistik Chi-Square.Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada variabel perawatan payudara diperoleh nilai p = 0,048 (P Value a 0, 05) sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan perawatan payudara dengan produksi ASI dan pada variabel frekuensi pemberian ASI diperoleh nilai p = 0,009 (P Value a 0,05).Kesimpulan: ada hubungan perawatan payudara dan frekuensi pemberian ASI terhadap produksi ASI sehingga tindakan perawatan payudara yang baik dan secara rutin serta pemberian ASI sesering mungkin dapat membantu meningkatkan produksi ASI. Kata Kunci: Perawatan, Frekuensi, Menyusui dan Produksi ASIBackground: Breast milk can meet the nutritional needs of infants, immunology and psychological. Although breast milk has good benefits for babies, in fact there are still many mothers who do not exclusively breastfeed. This is due to several reasons, namely blisters nipples, swollen breasts, blocked milk ducts, mastitis, breast abscesses, anatomical abnormalities of the nipple, or the baby is reluctant to breastfeed so that the mother does not exclusively breastfeedObjective: This study is to look at the relationship between breast care and frequency of breastfeeding with breast milk productionMethod: The design of this study uses analytic research design with cross sectional approach. The sample size in the study were 30 postpartum mothers in the post-partum hospital RSUD dr. Doris Sylvanus Palangkaraya City. Sampling using purposive sampling techniques and statistical testing using the Chi-Square statistical test.Results: Based on the results of research on the variable breast care obtained p value = 0.048 (P Value a0.05) so it can be concluded that there is a relationship between breast care with breast milk production and on the variable frequency of breastfeeding obtained p value = 0.009 (P Value a 0.05).Conclusion: there is a relationship between breast care and the frequency of breastfeeding to the production of breast milk so that good and routine breast care measures and breastfeeding as often as possible can help increase milk production. Keywords: Care, Frequency, Breastfeeding and Breast Milk Production
PENGARUH KONFLIK KERJA DAN STRES KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN
Authors: Susilo Yohanes , Wahyudin Wahyudin 
Published: January 2020

Dai Sabisu Indonesia as a whole has good employee performance. The company must pay attention and fix work conflicts and work stress at PT.DSI. Therefore researchers aim to determine the effect of a work conflict and work stress on employee performance partially or simultaneously.
Problem formulation: How partial influence Work Conflict on Employee Performance at PT. Indonesian Social Sciences, How Partly Influences Work Stress on Employee Performance at PT. Dai Sabisu Indonesia and how simultaneous influence Work Conflict and Work Stress on Employee Performance at PT. DSi
The population is employees at PT. DSI, the method of using sampling is using the Non-Probability technique. Methods of data collection: Questionnaires, Interviews, Literature studies, data analysis methods: Data Quality Test, Classical Assumption Test, Hypothesis Test.
The results of the study: Work conflict has a significant effect on employee performance, and work stress has a significant effect on Conflict and Job Stress simultaneously has a significant effect on Employee Performance.

Abstrak
Dai Sabisu Indonesia keseluruhan karyawan baik kinerjanya.Perusahaan harus memperhatikan dan memperbaiki konflik kerja dan stres kerja di PT.DSI. Karenanya peneliti bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh konflik kerja dan stres kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan secara parsial maupun simultan.
Rumusan masalah: Seberapa pengaruh secara parsial Konflik Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di PT. Dai Sabisu Indonesia?, Seberapa pengaruh secara parsial Stres Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di PT. Dai Sabisu Indonesia? dan seberapa pengaruh secara simultan Konflik Kerja dan Stres Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT. DSI?
Populasinya adalah karyawan pada PT. DSI, metode menggunakan sampling yaitu menggunakan teknik Non Probability. Metode pengumpulan data: Kuesioner, Wawancara, Studi pustaka, metode analisis data: Uji Kualitas Data, Uji Asumsi Klasik,Uji Hipotesis.
Hasil penelitian: Konflik kerrja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kinerja karyawan, dan Stress kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Konflik dan Stres Kerja secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.
Characterizing Magnetic Reconnection Regions Using Gaussian Mixture Models on Particle Velocity Distributions
Authors: Dupuis Romain , Goldman Martin V. , Newman David L. , Amaya Jorge , Lapenta Giovanni 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We present a method based on unsupervised machine learning to identify and characterize regions of interest using particle velocity distributions as a signature pattern. An automatic density estimation technique is applied to particle distributions provided by particle-in-cell simulations to study magnetic reconnection regions. Its application to magnetic reconnection is new. The key components of the method involve (i) a Gaussian mixture model determining the presence of a given number of subpopulations within an overall population, and (ii) a model selection technique with a Bayesian information criterion to estimate the appropriate number of subpopulations. Thus, this method automatically identifies the presence of complex distributions, such as beams or other non-Maxwellian features, and can be used as a detection algorithm able to identify reconnection regions. The approach is demonstrated for a specific double Harris sheet simulation, but it can in principle be applied to any other type of simulation data on the particle distribution function.
The Activation of Galactic Nuclei and Their Accretion Rates Are Linked to the Star Formation Rates and Bulge-types of Their Host Galaxies
Authors: Yesuf Hassen M. , Faber S. M. , Koo David C. , Woo Joanna , Primack Joel R. , Luo Yifei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We use bulge-type classifications of 809 representative Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies by Gadotti to classify a large sample of galaxies into real bulges (classical or elliptical) and pseudobulges using Random Forest. We use structural and stellar population predictors that can easily be measured without image decomposition. Multiple parameters—such as the central-mass density with 1 kpc, concentration index, Sérsic index, and velocity dispersion—result in accurate bulge classifications when combined together. We classify ∼44,500 face-on galaxies above stellar mass of 1010
M
⊙ and redshift 0.02 < z < 0.07 into real bulges or pseudobulges with 93% ± 2% accuracy. We show that ∼75%–90% of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) identified by the optical line ratio diagnostic are hosted by real bulges. The pseudobulge fraction significantly decreases with AGN signature as the line ratios change from indicating pure star formation (∼54% ± 4%), to composite of star formation and AGN (∼18% ± 3%), and to AGN-dominated galaxies (∼5% ± 3%). Using the dust-corrected [O iii] luminosity as an AGN accretion indicator, and the stellar mass and radius as proxies for a black hole mass, we find that AGNs in real bulges have lower Eddington ratios than AGNs in pseudobulges. Real bulges have a wide range of AGN and star formation activities, although most of them are weak AGNs. For both bulge-types, their Eddington ratios are correlated with specific star formation rates (SSFR). Real bulges have a lower specific accretion rate but higher AGN fraction than pseudobulges do at similar SSFRs.