bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic divergence and evidence of human‐mediated translocation of two‐fingered sloths (Choloepus hoffmanni) in Costa Rica
Authors: Cliffe Rebecca N. , Robinson Chloe V. , Whittaker Benjamin A. , Kennedy Sarah J. , Avey‐Arroyo Judy A. , Consuegra Sofia , Wilson Rory P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSloths are notoriously slow and consequently have limited dispersal ability, which makes them particularly vulnerable to the effects of habitat fragmentation and degradation. Sloths in Costa Rica are considered of conservation concern due to habitat loss, livestock production and increasing urbanization. Reintroductions from rescue centres are commonplace across the country, yet their genetic diversity and population structure are unknown, and there is currently little consideration of the genetic background prior to intervention or releases. We used microsatellite analysis to undertake the first exploratory investigation into sloth population genetics in Costa Rica. Using data from 98 two‐fingered sloths (Choloepus hoffmanni) from four different geographic regions, we determined the presence of four potential genetic groups, three of them with minimal population structuring despite the limited dispersal ability and presence of physical barriers. Sloths from the North appear to represent a highly distinct population that we propose may require management as a discrete unit for conservation. We stress the need for additional analyses to better understand the genetic structure and diversity of North andWest regions and suggest that rescue facilities in Costa Rica should consider the genetic background of rehabilitated sloths when planning future reintroductions. Our results also highlight the threat posed by physical isolation due to widespread urbanization and agriculture expansion for a species with a weak dispersal ability.
Mice lacking paternal expression of imprinted Grb10 are risk‐takers
Authors: Dent Claire L. , Rienecker Kira D. A. , Ward Andrew , Wilkins Jon F. , Humby Trevor , Isles Anthony R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe imprinted genes Grb10 and Nesp influence impulsive behavior on a delay discounting task in an opposite manner. A recently developed theory suggests that this pattern of behavior may be representative of predicted effects of imprinted genes on tolerance to risk. Here we examine whether mice lacking paternal expression of Grb10 show abnormal behavior across a number of measures indicative of risk‐taking. Although Grb10+/p mice show no difference from wild type (WT) littermates in their willingness to explore a novel environment, their behavior on an explicit test of risk‐taking, namely the Predator Odor Risk‐Taking task, is indicative of an increased willingness to take risks. Follow‐up tests suggest that this risk‐taking is not simply because of a general decrease in fear, or a general increase in motivation for a food reward, but reflects a change in the trade‐off between cost and reward. These data, coupled with previous work on the impulsive behavior of Grb10+/p mice in the delayed reinforcement task, and taken together with our work on mice lacking maternal Nesp, suggest that maternally and paternally expressed imprinted genes oppositely influence risk‐taking behavior as predicted.
EXTERNALITIES AGGREGATION IN NETWORK GAMES
Authors: Feri Francesco , Pin Paolo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe generalize the results on the monotonicity of equilibria for network games with incomplete information. We show that not only the distinction between strategic complements and strategic substitutes is important in determining the nature of the Bayesian Nash equilibria, but the nature of the statistic itself is also determinant. We show that understanding the underlying forces behind people's choices may be of fundamental importance for a policymaker that wants to incentivize efficient behavior.
Review: Effect on physical, mechanical, and wear performance of ZrB2‐based composites processed with or without additives
Authors: Verma Vikas , Cheverikin Vladimir , Câmara Cozza Ronaldo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBecause of unique combination of properties, ultra high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) are considered the most suitable material for applications in extreme environments as in hypersonic flights, atmospheric reentry, and rocket propulsion system. Processing of UHTCs especially ZrB2‐based ceramic composites with additives offer advantages in terms of simple processing methodology and excellent properties. Processing route highly controls the ceramic properties. Present review share out systematically and explain the processing strategies of ZrB2‐based ceramic composites––conventional, hot press or spark plasma sintering and their effect on microstructure features, physical, and mechanical properties and tribological performance. Present review suggests that it is possible to process full dense ZrB2–SiC ceramic composite with ultrafine or nano size particles via fast sintering technique like spark plasma sintering and gives better mechanical and wear resistant properties.
Characteristic volatiles fingerprints and profiles determination in different grades of coconut oil by HS‐GC‐IMS and HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS
Authors: Chang Ming , Zhao Pinzhen , Zhang Tao , Wang Yong , Guo Xin , Liu Ruijie , Jin Qingzhe , Wang Xingguo 
Published: June 2020

SummaryCoconut oil has been extensively used in the food industry, but determination of the quality of coconut oil remains challenging. In this study, volatile components of the coconut oils (refined, desiccated or virgin) subjected to different processing methods were identified and compared. Twenty‐six volatile components exhibiting characteristic differences among the three types of coconut oil were screened using headspace solid‐phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS). Furthermore, ethanol, 1‐propanol and dimethyl ketone could only be determined by using headspace‐gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (HS‐GC‐IMS). The principal component analysis diagrams attained by the volatile component data demonstrated that the coconut oil samples could be clearly classified into three categories. The multivariate analysis results revealed 2‐heptanone and hexanal to be the most promising markers in terms of grade discrimination in coconut oil. The findings are conducive to the development of a new method for the identification of oils with different refining degrees.
Optical properties of the CaEuAl3O7 phosphor with dual‐activator Eu2+/Eu3+ for multifunctional applications
Authors: Xu Yang , Sun Zhen , Wei Yanling , Jia Mochen , Hou Bofei , Li Xin , Lin Fang , Zhang Mingxuan , Wang Huayao , Fu Zuoling 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAt present, most blue‐red composite LED light sources are widely used in the field of plant lighting. However, their full‐width at half‐maximum of blue light is too small to meet the requirements of plants for photosynthesis. Herein, a dual‐emitting single‐phase self‐luminescent phosphor CaEuAl3O7 (CEAO) is reported in this study, which provides broadband blue emission of Eu2+ ions and red emissions of Eu3+ ions. According to the optical properties of Eu2+ and Eu3+ ions in the CEAO phosphor, it can be found that all emissions are consistent with the absorption of chlorophylls and pigment carotenoids. In addition, the temperature sensing based on the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) in the CEAO phosphor is also studied and the maximum sensitivity (S) can reach as high as 6.90% K−1 at 313 K. The results indicate that the single‐component phosphor CEAO with blue and red double‐color emission possesses an outstanding potential in plant growth lamps and optical thermometry applications.
Exploring behavioural patterns during complex problem‐solving
Authors: Eichmann Beate , Greiff Samuel , Naumann Johannes , Brandhuber Liene , Goldhammer Frank 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this explorative study, we investigate how sequences of behaviour are related to success or failure in complex problem‐solving (CPS). To this end, we analysed log data from two different tasks of the problem‐solving assessment of the Programme for International Student Assessment 2012 study (n= 30,098 students). We first coded every interaction of students as (initial or repeated) exploration, (initial or repeated) goal‐directed behaviour, or resetting the task. We then split the data according to task successes and failures. We used full‐path sequence analysis to identify groups of students with similar behavioural patterns in the respective tasks. Double‐checking and minimalistic behaviour was associated with success in CPS, while guessing and exploring task‐irrelevant content was associated with failure. Our findings held for both tasks investigated, from two different CPS measurement frameworks. We thus gained detailed insight into the behavioural processes that are related to success and failure in CPS.
Mitochondrial ion channels as targets for cardioprotection
Authors: Hausenloy Derek J. , Schulz Rainer , Girao Henrique , Kwak Brenda R. , De Stefani Diego , Rizzuto Rosario , Bernardi Paolo , Di Lisa Fabio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the heart failure (HF) that often result remain the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. As such, new therapeutic targets need to be discovered to protect the myocardium against acute ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in order to reduce myocardial infarct (MI) size, preserve left ventricular function and prevent the onset of HF. Mitochondrial dysfunction during acute I/R injury is a critical determinant of cell death following AMI, and therefore, ion channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which are known to influence cell death and survival, provide potential therapeutic targets for cardioprotection. In this article, we review the role of mitochondrial ion channels, which are known to modulate susceptibility to acute myocardial I/R injury, and we explore their potential roles as therapeutic targets for reducing MI size and preventing HF following AMI.
Gender differences in financial knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors: Accounting for socioeconomic disparities and psychological traits
Authors: Robson Jennifer , Peetz Johanna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA large body of international research finds a persistent gender gap in the financial literacy of women compared to men, but explanations for this gap remain a topic of active debate. In this observational study, we explore the explanatory value of psychological characteristics, in addition to demographic variables and roles in household financial decision making. We begin by documenting the expected gender differences in financial knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, using a national survey of adult Canadians (n= 21,789) that provides population‐level estimates. Next, we contrast these results against a second Canadian survey data set (n= 3,502) where we are able to control for individual differences in psychological traits. Results of OLS regressions suggest that gender is not a significant predictor on three scales of financial capability. Decomposition analysis finds underlying differences in individual characteristics (endowments) explain the majority of the observed gender gap in financial literacy when psychological traits are included in the model.
Parkinson's disease therapy with Istradefylline and blood biomarkers of epigenetics
Authors: Kanzato Naomi , Nakachi Kou , Naka Taro , Mochizuki Satsuki , Miyamae Yuka , Okada Yasunori 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIstradefylline (IST), an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, has been used since 2013 in Japan as an adjunctive therapy to levodopa (L‐DOPA) for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The long‐term use of IST as an adjunct to L‐DOPA (IST‐LD) was herein investigated to clarify the cooperative potential to keep motor functions, and an epigenetic modification for disease‐specific up‐regulated A2AR signals.MethodsThe cohort comprising 62 PD patients with diurnal variations in motor function were treated with IST‐LD for 36 months, and clinical and biomarker parameters were evaluated. One monozygotic twin pair with juvenile PD and eight healthy control (HC) subjects were recruited for analyses of epigenetic biomarkers with peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL): the A2AR protein (A2AR‐p), A2AR mRNA (A2AR‐m), and DNA methylation of the ADORA2A (Chr22q11.23) and DRD1 (Chr5q35.1) genes.ResultsIST‐LD partially reversed locomotive dysfunction and motor off time and did not promote the severe dyskinesia (LID) develop. A2AR expression levels of the PBL were higher in IST‐naïve PD patients than in HC, which were associated with the effectiveness of IST‐LD and clinical global impression improvements. Intrinsic DNA demethylation of the ADORA2A gene were observed in juvenile monozygotic twin pair of the PD and IST‐naïve PD patients, which were reversed by IST‐LD at 12 months.ConclusionsIST‐LD was cooperative for long term to preserve motor execution controls and global daily activities improvement, through the canonical pharmacodynamics of inhibiting A2AR signaling, and also via the epigenetic modification on the ADORA2A gene.
What do tropical cryptogams reveal? Strong genetic structure in Amazonian bryophytes
Authors: Ledent Alice , Gauthier Jérémy , Pereira Martinha , Overson Rick , Laenen Benjamin , Mardulyn Patrick , Gradstein S. Robbert , de Haan Myriam , Ballings Petra , Van der Beeten Iris , Zartman Charles E. , Vanderpoorten Alain 
Published: June 2020

SummaryLowland tropical bryophytes have been perceived as excellent dispersers. In such groups, the inverse isolation hypothesis proposes that spatial genetic structure is erased beyond the limits of short‐distance dispersal. Here, we determine the influence of environmental variation and geographic barriers on the spatial genetic structure of a widely dispersed and phylogenetically independent sample of Amazonian bryophytes.Single nucleotide polymorphism data were produced from a restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing protocol for 10 species and analyzed through F‐statistics and Mantel tests.Neither isolation‐by‐environment nor the impact of geographic barriers were recovered from the analyses. However, significant isolation‐by‐distance patterns were observed for 8 out of the 10 investigated species beyond the scale of short‐distance dispersal (> 1 km), offering evidence contrary to the inverse isolation hypothesis.Despite a cadre of life‐history traits and distributional patterns suggesting that tropical bryophytes are highly vagile, our analyses reveal spatial genetic structures comparable to those documented for angiosperms, whose diaspores are orders of magnitude larger. Dispersal limitation for tropical bryophytes flies in the face of traditional assumptions regarding their dispersal potential, and suggests that the plight of this component of cryptic biodiversity is more dire than previously considered in light of accelerated forest fragmentation in the Amazon.
Sucrose synthase determines carbon allocation in developing wood and alters carbon flow at the whole tree level in aspen
Authors: Dominguez Pia Guadalupe , Donev Evgeniy , Derba‐Maceluch Marta , Bünder Anne , Hedenström Mattias , Tomášková Ivana , Mellerowicz Ewa J. , Niittylä Totte 
Published: June 2020

Summary

Despite the ecological and industrial importance of biomass accumulation in wood, the control of carbon (C) allocation to this tissue and to other tree tissues remain poorly understood.

We studied sucrose synthase (SUS) to clarify its role in biomass formation and C metabolism at the whole tree level in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides). To this end, we analysed source leaves, phloem, developing wood, and roots of SUSRNAi trees using a combination of metabolite profiling, 13CO2 pulse labelling experiments, and long‐term field experiments.

The glasshouse grown SUSRNAi trees exhibited a mild stem phenotype together with a reduction in wood total C. The 13CO2 pulse labelling experiments showed an alteration in the C flow in all the analysed tissues, indicating that SUS affects C metabolism at the whole tree level. This was confirmed when the SUSRNAi trees were grown in the field over a 5‐yr period; their stem height, diameter and biomass were substantially reduced.

These results establish that SUS influences C allocation to developing wood, and that it affects C metabolism at the whole tree level.
Chinese Survey on Enhanced Recovery after Surgery and Thromboprophylaxis Following Arthroplasty
Authors: Weng Xi‐sheng , Liu Juan , Wu Duo 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo examine the current perspectives of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) and the clinical practice applications of important ERAS principles among Chinese orthopaedic surgeons.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study using an online survey that was completed between November and December 2018. A 16‐item online questionnaire regarding the experiences of ERAS, perceptions of methods, and durations and concerns of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis was sent to 2000 orthopaedic surgeons nationwide, and 1720 (86%) surgeons responded. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess all respondents' results and to compare differences among subgroups that were stratified according to city and hospital level, as well as their professional title.ResultsAccording to the results of the survey, ERAS awareness was high (65.1%) and most surgeons recognized the importance of thromboprophylaxis. However, the timing of ERAS was not consistent, with 22.8%, 31.9%, and 37.7% of surgeons choosing to initiate pharmaceutical prophylaxis within <6 h, 6–12 h, and 12–24 h after surgery, respectively. Low‐molecular‐weight heparin was mainly selected during hospitalization, and new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were the first choice after discharge. Regarding postoperative antithrombotic therapy, particularly when combined with analgesics, the potential bleeding risk was mostly considered (80.0%)Tranexamic acid was believed to have no effect on the timing of NOAC therapy initiation (56.2%). Most of the above outcomes were influenced by the hospital level and professional title of the surgeon. Surgeons who had higher awareness on ERAS and better adhered to the guidelines were from higher‐level hospitals as well as had more advanced professional titles. City level partly might influence their practice but not impact surgeons' awareness.ConclusionsThe awareness and perception of the concept of ERAS and prophylactic antithrombotic regimens remain different among Chinese orthopaedic surgeons in different level cities and with various professional titles. Continuing medical educations (CME) on VTE prophylaxis is needed for improving the quality of health care in China.
Light from below matters: Quantifying the consequences of responses to far‐red light reflected upwards for plant performance in heterogeneous canopies
Authors: Zhang Ningyi , van Westreenen Arian , He Lizhong , Evers Jochem B. , Anten Niels P. R. , Marcelis Leo F. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn vegetation stands, plants receive red to far‐red ratio (R:FR) signals of varying strength from all directions. However, plant responses to variations in R:FR reflected from below have been largely ignored despite their potential consequences for plant performance. Using a heterogeneous rose canopy, which consists of bent shoots down in the canopy and vertically growing upright shoots, we quantified upward far‐red reflection by bent shoots and its consequences for upright shoot architecture. With a three‐dimensional plant model, we assessed consequences of responses to R:FR from below for plant photosynthesis. Bent shoots reflected substantially more far‐red than red light, causing reduced R:FR in light reflected upwards. Leaf inclination angles increased in upright shoots which received low R:FR reflected from below. The increased leaf angle led to an increase in simulated plant photosynthesis only when this low R:FR was reflected off their own bent shoots and not when it reflected off neighbour bent shoots. We conclude that plant response to R:FR from below is an under‐explored phenomenon which may have contrasting consequences for plant performance depending on the type of vegetation or crop system. The responses are beneficial for performance only when R:FR is reflected by lower foliage of the same plants.
Starch biosynthesis contributes to the maintenance of photosynthesis and leaf growth under drought stress in maize
Authors: AbdElgawad Hamada , Avramova Viktoriya , Baggerman Geert , Van Raemdonck Geert , Valkenborg Dirk , Van Ostade Xaveer , Guisez Yves , Prinsen Els , Asard Han , Van den Ende Wim , Beemster Gerrit T. S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo understand the growth response to drought, we performed a proteomics study in the leaf growth zone of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings and functionally characterized the role of starch biosynthesis in the regulation of growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity, using the shrunken‐2 mutant (sh2), defective in ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase. Drought altered the abundance of 284 proteins overrepresented for photosynthesis, amino acid, sugar and starch metabolism, and redox‐regulation. Changes in protein levels correlated with enzyme activities (increased ATP synthase, cysteine synthase, starch synthase, RuBisCo, peroxiredoxin, glutaredoxin, thioredoxin and decreased triosephosphate isomerase, ferredoxin, cellulose synthase activities, respectively) and metabolite concentrations (increased ATP, cysteine, glycine, serine, starch, proline and decreased cellulose levels). The sh2 mutant showed a reduced increase of starch levels under drought conditions, leading to soluble sugar starvation at the end of the night and correlating with an inhibition of leaf growth rates. Increased RuBisCo activity and pigment concentrations observed in WT, in response to drought, were lacking in the mutant, which suffered more oxidative damage and recovered more slowly after re‐watering. These results demonstrate that starch biosynthesis contributes to maintaining leaf growth under drought stress and facilitates enhanced carbon acquisition upon recovery.
Shopping Activity at Warehouse Club Stores and Its Competitive and Network Density Implications
Authors: Lim Stanley Frederick W. T. , Rabinovich Elliot , Park Sungho , Hwang Minha 
Published: June 2020

Warehouse club (WC) retailers have typically expanded to new markets using stand‐alone stores, rather than pursuing dense store networks as other (non‐WC) retailers have in the past. While this strategy generates operating efficiencies, it also imposes high travel costs on households to shop, which calls into question WC stores' resilience to spatial competition from stores operating other formats. We examine this phenomenon by using data on households' shopping activity across markets served by Costco Wholesale stores. Specifically, we evaluate these stores' resilience to spatial competition by estimating the share of households' expenditures relative to travel costs to shop at the stores and comparing this estimate with that for non‐WC stores. Controlling for households' travel costs across Costco and non‐WC stores, we find that households' share of expenditures at Costco stores exceeds the share at non‐WC stores by 61%. This suggests that Costco stores have an advantage over non‐WC stores when serving market areas with sparse store networks. Nevertheless, we also find that this advantage diminishes with the distance between Costco stores and households and that there is a finite distance beyond which this advantage disappears. We show that this distance (approximately 21 miles) is an important reference point for the evaluation of spatial competition between Costco stores and other stores and the examination of demand saturation at Costco stores.