bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chloride Ion as Redox Mediator in Reducing Charge Overpotential of Aprotic Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhou Yin , Dai Wenrui , Cui Xinhang , Lyu Zhiyang , Hu Zheng , Chen Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aprotic lithium‐oxygen (Li−O2) battery with a high theoretical energy density has been considered as a promising candidate for next‐generation energy storage devices. However, the formation of insulating Li2O2 products is a major obstacle for realizing the high energy efficiency and long cycle life. Here, we report a new Cl−/Cl3− redox mediator to reduce the charge overpotential by a facile introduction of chloride ion (Cl−) additives into the organic electrolyte. The redox mediator can effectively promote the formation of the LiOH discharge product, and facilitate efficient LiOH decomposition. Therefore, the cell with the Cl− additives possesses a significantly low charge overpotential of 0.29 V, an extended cycle life (up to 71 cycles) at a rate of 500 mA g−1 with a fixed capacity of 500 mAh g−1, and an enhanced rate capability. This study offers an effective approach to modulate discharge products from Li2O2 to LiOH and provides new insights toward the role of redox mediators through the addition of Cl− in Li−O2 battery systems.
Neural crest derivatives and neuroendocrine cells in the gut of anencephalic and fetuses without congenital defects
Authors: Bencomo‐Loeppky Samuel , García‐Rizk Jorge Arturo , Cervantes‐Flores Hugo Alberto , Levario‐Carrillo Margarita , Fierro Murga Ricardo , Reza‐López Sandra Alicia , Loya‐Loya Martha , Chávez‐Corral Dora Virginia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe enteric nervous system (ENS), a component of the peripheral nervous system in the intestinal walls, regulates motility, secretion, absorption, and blood flow. Neural crest (NC) migration, fundamental for ENS development, may be altered by central nervous system development alterations, such as neural tube defects (NTD). Intestinal innervation anomalies have been correlated to NTD. We aim to describe the ENS on a fetus with NTD and fetuses without congenital defects (FWCD).CasesTwo male and four female FWCD, 18–20 weeks‐gestation (WG), and a 25 WG female anencephalic fetus. Samples from the pancreatoduodenal groove, jejunum, cecum, rectum, and appendix were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Nervous plexuses were marked with Neuron‐specific enolase and S‐100; enteric glial cells with CD56; neuroendocrine cells with chromogranin and synaptophysin, and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) with CD117.Results and conclusionThe anencephalic fetus presented a rudimentary brainstem with a cerebellum. Partial frontal, temporal, and occipital bones were found. A large atrial septal defect, an enlarged kidney with a duplex collecting system and a single adrenal gland were found. NSE, S100, and CD56, showed the presence of the myenteric and submucous plexuses of the ENS; scarce interplexus reactivity may indicate inadequate development. Pancreatic and gut neuroendocrine cells, identified with chromogranin and CD56, showed that the enteroendocrine system is present. Findings on FWCD using these markers are consistent with literature descriptions. Vagal NC migration appears to be unaffected despite the presence of anencephaly, although maturation of the ENS may be altered.
Intrinsic Heart Regeneration in Adult Vertebrates May be Strictly Limited to Low‐Metabolic Ectotherms
Authors: Dittrich Anita , Hansen Kasper , Simonsen Mette Irene Theilgaard , Busk Morten , Alstrup Aage Kristian Olsen , Lauridsen Henrik 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe heart has a high‐metabolic rate, and its “around‐the‐clock” vital role to sustain life sets it apart in a regenerative setting from other organs and appendages. The landscape of vertebrate species known to perform intrinsic heart regeneration is strongly biased toward ectotherms—for example, fish, salamanders, and embryonic/neonatal ectothermic mammals. It is hypothesized that intrinsic heart regeneration is exclusively limited to the low‐metabolic hearts of ectotherms. The biomedical field of regenerative medicine seeks to devise biologically inspired regenerative therapies to diseased human hearts. Falsification of the ectothermy dependency for heart regeneration hypothesis may be a crucial prerequisite to meaningfully seek inspiration in established ectothermic regenerative animal models. Otherwise, engineering approaches to construct artificial heart components may constitute a more viable path toward regenerative therapies. A more strict definition of regenerative phenomena is generated and several testable sub‐hypotheses and experimental avenues are put forward to elucidate the link between heart regeneration and metabolism. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/fZcanaOT5z8.
Blending as a treatment for feeding disorders: A review of the literature
Authors: King Seth , Burch Taneal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResearch indicates feeding disorders are relatively common in children. Described as combining two or more food items in a way that prevents separation, blending is recommended when the child avoids novel textures or flavors. As a nonrestrictive approach to feeding disorders, blending may appeal to consumers. The present study reviewed experimental research published from 1998 to 2018 involving the use blending to address feeding disorders. In addition to study quality, methods, and effects, this review targeted procedures used to progressively introduce novel textures. Identified studies (n = 10) evaluated blending using single‐case designs. Studies included children (n = 14) generally under the age of four with diagnoses of disabilities or severe feeding disorders. Although the studies provided insight into practical considerations, the research did not exhibit sufficient rigor to support the use of blending. Special considerations may nonetheless justify the use of blending in treatment. Implications for practice follow a description of findings.
Unnatural bases for recognition of noncoding nucleic acid interfaces
Authors: Miao Shiqin , Liang Yufeng , Rundell Sarah , Bhunia Debmalya , Devari Shekar , Munyaradzi Oliver , Bong Dennis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe notion of using synthetic heterocycles instead of the native bases to interface with DNA and RNA has been explored for nearly 60 years. Unnatural bases compatible with the DNA/RNA coding interface have the potential to expand the genetic code and co‐opt the machinery of biology to access new macromolecular function; accordingly, this body of research is core to synthetic biology. While much of the literature on artificial bases focuses on code expansion, there is a significant and growing effort on docking synthetic heterocycles to noncoding nucleic acid interfaces; this approach seeks to illuminate major processes of nucleic acids, including regulation of transcription, translation, transport, and transcript lifetimes. These major avenues of research at the coding and noncoding interfaces have in common fundamental principles in molecular recognition. Herein, we provide an overview of foundational literature in biophysics of base recognition and unnatural bases in coding to provide context for the developing area of targeting noncoding nucleic acid interfaces with synthetic bases, with a focus on systems developed through iterative design and biophysical study.
Dynamic multiscale metabolic network modeling of Chinese hamster ovary cell metabolism integrating N‐linked glycosylation in industrial biopharmaceutical manufacturing
Authors: Erklavec Zajec Vivian , Novak Uroš , Kastelic Miha , Japelj Boštjan , Lah Ljerka , Pohar Andrej , Likozar Blaž 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExperimental and modeling work, described in this article, is focused on the metabolic pathway of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, which are the preferred expression system for monoclonal antibody protein production. CHO cells are one of the primary hosts for monoclonal antibodies production, which have extensive applications in multiple fields like biochemistry, biology and medicine. Here, an approach to explain cellular metabolism with in silico modeling of a microkinetic reaction network is presented and validated with unique experimental results. Experimental data of 25 different fed‐batch bioprocesses included the variation of multiple process parameters, such as pH, agitation speed, oxygen and CO2 content, and dissolved oxygen. A total of 151 metabolites were involved in our proposed metabolic network, which consisted of 132 chemical reactions that describe the reaction pathways, and include 25 reactions describing N‐glycosylation and additional reactions for the accumulation of the produced glycoforms. Additional eight reactions are considered for accumulation of the N‐glycosylation products in the extracellular environment and one reaction to correlate cell degradation. The following pathways were considered: glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, nucleotide synthesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, lipid synthesis, protein synthesis, biomass production, anaplerotic reactions, and membrane transport. With the applied modeling procedure, different operational scenarios and fed‐batch techniques can be tested.
Using share‐out grids in the online classroom: From icebreakers to amplifiers
Authors: Kirby Cait S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany institutions of higher education will use online teaching in some form in the coming months. Active learning strategies in online classrooms can present new challenges, especially for quiet or shy students, or students who are not in a location where speaking is feasible. Further, development of student science identity, class community, and structure are crucial in the online classroom, especially in times of crisis. I propose one online teaching strategy using what I call “student share‐out grids” that is useful for many types of students and promotes community and structure in the online classroom.
Changes in the learning styles and approaches of students following incorporation of drawing during cadaveric dissection
Authors: Chaudhuri Joydeep Dutta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe teaching of anatomy is challenging due to the constraints of material and personnel resources. Research has established that the learning preferences of students are malleable and determined by the requirements of the course. Further, drawing has been reported to aid learning in anatomy by facilitating problem solving and reducing the cognitive overload in students. Considering these issues, the aims of the study were to investigate (a) if positive changes occur in the learning styles and approaches following the incorporation of drawing during cadaveric dissection, and (b) whether they are associated with improved learning outcomes. One cohort of students in an anatomy course received training in creating scientific drawings from dissected human cadavers, while two cohorts of students did not receive such training. The learning preferences of students and their final examination grades were assessed at the commencement and conclusion of the course. Majority of student who had training in drawing transitioned from being bimodal, to trimodal or quadrimodal learners. This was associated with efficient learning approaches and a significant (p< .05) improvement in learning outcomes in these students. There were no changes in any parameters in students who had not received training in drawing. Therefore, the modulation of learning preferences of students through drawing is a pragmatic approach in anatomy teaching.
The older client’s experience of counselling and psychotherapy
Authors: Davies Rosemary 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOlder people are less likely to be referred for psychological therapies, yet statistics show they tend to have good outcomes. Ageist attitudes and professional bias are evidenced as part of the problem. Although in recent years treatment for dementia has received much research focus, older people’s general mental health has not. It has often been argued that research into the development of such a specialist provision for older people is urgently needed, and this means research into how older people experience therapy is called for in order to determine the sort of provision with which they would most likely engage. The aim of this idiographic study of four people in their 60s and 70s is to explore how older people themselves make sense of their therapeutic experience. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to analyse the data in order to get a deep sense of the participants’ lived life. Semi‐structured, individual interviews were audio‐recorded with the four participants, and interview transcripts were analysed. Three overarching themes emerged; personal agency, authenticity and narrative. Personal agency findings challenged the social concept that older people are less motivated to change. This study shows how each participant’s personal agency provided drive and direction in the therapeutic process. Further, the analysis shows that the participant’s authenticity with the therapist is a cornerstone to developing a relationship that encourages change. The study also demonstrates how the reconciliation of past experiences was facilitated when the therapist adopted strong elements of a narrative approach.
When One Size Doesn’t Fit All: Some effects and consequences of short contract student counselling
Authors: Gavin Bea 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article discusses changes to counselling practice brought about by the widespread policy of routinely offering a standard small number of counselling sessions in student counselling. These changes were explored in a research study using a Foucauldian discourse analytic methodology, which was undertaken in an Irish university counselling service. Thirteen student clients were interviewed who had all received additional sessions beyond the six‐session norm. A focus group was also carried out with counsellors. Some of the effects of the practice of standardised short counselling contracts such as the processes involved in obtaining extra sessions, changes of therapist and dealing with endings were explored. The purpose of this study was not to evaluate or judge the short contract model from a clinical perspective or to comment on how it was experienced by the wider group of clients who attended the service, but rather to explore some of its effects and consequences on a particular group. Counselling was described by the student participants as a goal‐driven activity, in which the emphasis was on the need to recover as rapidly as possible and not to use too much of the scarce resource represented by counselling. For the counsellors, the need to comply with a managerial discourse produced particular consequences such as the need for rapid interventions, to demonstrate speedy progress and their concerns about their own performance in this context.
Trypanosoma cruzi trans‐sialidase induces STAT3 and ERK activation by prokineticin receptor 2 binding
Authors: Lattanzi Roberta , Maftei Daniela , Fullone Maria Rosaria , Miele Rossella 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTc85, as other members of trans‐sialidase family, is involved in Trypanosoma cruzi parasite adhesion to mammalian cells. Particularly, Tc85 acts through specific interactions with prokineticin receptor 2, a G‐protein coupled receptor involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes. In this manuscript, through biochemical analyses, we demonstrated that LamG, a Tc85 domain, physically interacts with the prokineticin receptor 2. Moreover, expressing prokineticin receptor 1 and 2 we demonstrated that LamG specifically activates prokineticin receptor 2 through a strong coupling with Gαi or Gαq proteins in yeast strains and inducing ERK and NFAT phosphorylation in CHO mammalian cells. To demonstrate a Tc85 physiological role in T. cruzi infection of the nervous system, we evidenced a strong STAT3 and ERK activation by LamG in mice Dorsal Root Ganglia. L173R is the most common prokineticin receptor 2 mutation reported in Kallmann syndrome and it is a founder mutation. Our results demonstrated that in cells co‐expressing prokineticin receptor 2 mutant (L173R) and wild‐type, LamG is unable to induce signal transduction. The L173R mutation in heterozygosity may allow for a selective advantage due to increased protection from T. cruzi infection.Significance of the studyThe Chagas' disease affecting millions of people worldwide is caused by an eukaryotic microorganism called T. cruzi. Pharmacological treatment for patients with Chagas' disease is still limited. Indeed, the small number of drugs available shows important side effects that can be debilitating for patient health. In order to replicate and produce new parasites T. cruzi uses a complex of different proteins produced by both the parasite and the human host cells. So, understanding the molecular details used by T. cruzi to be internalised by different types of human cells is an important step towards the development of new drugs for this disease. Prokineticin receptors are relevant for host‐parasite interaction. To characterise the signal transduction cascade induced by their activation may help to understand the molecular details of cell infection, leading to novel therapeutic alternative for this debilitating disease.
Pathogens control on wheat and wheat flour: A review
Authors: Magallanes López Ana M. , Simsek Senay 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesAwareness toward the microbial quality of wheat has been raised due to the foodborne illness and outbreaks associated with contaminated wheat flour. The objective is to describe the studied strategies to control the potential hazardous pathogens in wheat grain and wheat flour.FindingsBefore the dry milling process, adding antimicrobial agents to the tempering water has been considered. To preserve gluten integrity and functionality, nonthermal technologies have been explored. Traditional thermal food decontamination methods have also been tested.ConclusionsBacterial and mold load reductions from >1 to >5 log CFU/g have been achieved with tempering agents, without compromising flour functionality. From the nonthermal technologies, pulsed light treatments reduced Salmonella load on flour, while cold plasma was effective versus fungal conidia on grain. Regarding thermal technologies, the vacuum steam treatment reduced Escherichia coli and Salmonella populations on grain without affecting flour properties. Radio frequency heating was also effective to reduce Salmonella load on flour, but its impact on functionality was not reported.Significance and noveltyMost of the decontamination methods have been tested on wheat grain. If a significant microbial load reduction is achieved, further flour contamination can be prevented. However, flour decontamination methods should continue to be explored, without compromising flour functionality.
A case of mistaken identity: An unusual presentation of neoplastic meningitis and a reminder of the hallmark features
Authors: Davidson Catriona , Achilleos Katerina , Crawley Francesca , Petchey William 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis case offers an opportunity for education on the manifestations of neoplastic meningitis, a revision of the hallmark investigative features, and a reminder of the utilization of lumbar puncture in investigating unexplained neurological symptoms. Additionally, it emphasises the need for clinicians to avoid "diagnostic anchoring" when faced with recurrent attenders.
Management of a huge symptomatic hemorrhagic mesenteric cyst
Authors: Ogwal Alfred , Ariaka Herbert , Medeyi Vincent , Nkonge Emmanuel , Oyania Felix 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMesenteric cysts are uncommon benign tumors with atypical clinical presentations. An acute presentation may not necessarily warrant emergency surgery, and planned surgery can achieve excellent results if the patient is hemodynamically stable at presentation.
A case of rectal villous tumor with shortness of breath in a 70‐year‐old woman—Uncommon symptom of McKittrick‐Wheelock syndrome
Authors: Nakaji Konosuke , Mizuno Yuuki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDiagnosis of McKittrick‐Wheelock syndrome (MWS) is sometimes difficult because the symptoms are sometimes nonspecific. Physician should be considered MWS in case of severe hyponatremia and hypokalemia are accompanied by prolonged mucous diarrhea.
Pure erythroid leukemia
Authors: Forest Méghan , Roy Simon F. , Houde Michelle , Maietta Antonio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPure erythroid leukemia is a rare and aggressive form of acute leukemia with a deleterious clinical course. It is of erythroid lineage without myeloblastic component, representing >80% of marrow cellularity, with ≥30% proerythroblasts.
Porous Bed Saturation Changes in Elution Process with Surfactant Solutions in Advanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Błaszczyk Mariola M. , Sęk Jerzy P. , Przybysz Łukasz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe elution of high‐viscosity substances from a granular bed using fluids with different interfacial tensions was investigated. Analyses of changes in flow resistance and the degree of saturation of the deposit during the process were conducted. The elution process was described by means of the modified concept of capillary bundles, based on the Blake‐Kozeny‐Carman relationship. The use of this dependence can be helpful in determining the degree of saturation of the deposit at any given time of elution process only on the basis of the flow hydrodynamics and parameters of the deposit and liquid. This makes it possible to estimate the residual saturation of the bed without the need to perform troublesome experimental research for the content of oil in the reservoir.
Adsorption and Diffusion of Potassium on 2D SnC Sheets for Potential High‐Performance Anodic Applications of Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Rehman Javed , Fan Xiaofeng , Laref Amel , Zheng W. T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPertinent electrochemical characteristics based on K‐ion batteries (KIBs) represent a compelling class of electrode materials that may substitute lithium‐ion batteries, owing to their low cost and common abundance. In this paper, the structural, electronic, and electrochemical features of two‐dimensional (2D) material, the so‐called SnC monolayer, is investigated for anode applications employing first‐principle calculations. Pristine monolayer SnC is found to be an indirect band semiconductor with a band gap of 0.91 and 1.73 eV using PBE and HSE06 schemes, respectively. However, holding a small content of K on the T‐site, this 2D material has a semi‐metallic behavior (due to the defect state), while the conductivity is enhanced by undertaking the adsorption of K on the H‐site. As an anode material, monolayer SnC illustrates a low average open‐circuit voltage of 0.415 V for KIBs with a high K storage capacity of 410 mAhg−1. The low diffusion barrier (0.17 eV) on the surface of SnC sheet conducts fast charge/discharge cycles. Our results indicate that the 2D SnC could be a promising anode material for K‐ion batteries. According to these findings, we recommend that monolayer SnC can serve as expedient material with tunable capacity and high rate performance for next generation K‐ion batteries.