bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A PORTRAIT OF SHARIA BUSINESS SYMBOLIZATION AND ITS SOLUTIONS
Authors: Jumaiyah Jumaiyah , Wahidullah Wahidullah 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine whether the knockout arisan money system is in accordance with sharia principles or not. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method by observing, interviewing, and collecting documents as supporting data of KSPPS BMT Lumbung Artho Jepara Central Java Indonesia that implements the Yad Dhamanah Wadi'ah contract with the explanation that the stored assets or items can be used by aid providers and can also distribute to its members. However, the agreement is not in accordance with the fatwa of the National Sharia Council of Indonesian Majlis Ulama about the nature of Wadi'ah saving that deposits can be withdrawn according to the wishes of the depositors and not waiting for lottery numbers to take their deposits. Furthermore, the application of the bonus giving also deviates from the voluntary Wadi'ah contract and the bonus agreement at the beginning of the contract. However, because the practice of knockout arisan money system has already existed in the community, therefore the solution for its implementation is by using the agreement of the al-qardh (debt-receivable) and Mudharabah (profit-sharing) contracts that are closer to Islamic principles.
Keywords: Money Arisan, Falling Systems, Islamic Principles, Culture
Carrascosa González, Javier, El Reglamento Sucesorio Europeo: análisiscrítico
Authors: Cámara Lapuente Sergio 
Published: October 2020

Este artículo reseña: Carrascosa González, Javier, El Reglamento Sucesorio Europeo: análisiscrítico, 2ª ed., Colección “Derecho y Letras”, Murcia, 2019, 734 p. ISBN: 978-84-09-15499-9
Sparganosis pada Ular Jali (Ptyas korros)
Authors: Fransiska Eunike Melanda , Hamid Iwan Sahrial , Yudhana Aditya , Triakoso Nusdianto , Praja Ratih Novita , Fikri Faisal 
Published: October 2020

Ular Ptyas korros atau ular jali merupakan salah jenis ular yang ada di Indonesia.. Berbagai penyebab kepunahan adalah salah satunya masalah kesehatan seperti penyakit yang disebabkan parasit. Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi cacing yang ditemukan pada ular P. korros yang telah mati, metode identifikasi menggunaka pewarnaan carmine dan diamati dibawah mikroskop dengan perbesaran 40x dan 100x. Hasil identifikasi ditemukan cacing pita Spirometra sp. sebanyak 18 ekor di daerah subkutan dan muskulus sepanjang tubuh ular. Cacing Spirometra sp. menyebabkan penyakit spargonosis yang bersifat zoonosis atau dapat menular pada manusia.
A INTERVENÇÃO JUDICIAL NA EFETIVAÇÃO DO DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL À EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Lagares Fernanda Rodrigues , Nascimento Lúcia Maria Barbosa 
Published: October 2020

A Constituição Federal Brasileira apresenta a educação como um dos direitos fundamentais de caráter social. Apesar disso, e do papel de destaque que esses possuem em nosso ordenamento, a educação é claramente um direito não efetivado na vida de muitos brasileiros, o que acaba por violar a norma constitucional. Diante disso, e partindo do pressuposto de que a garantia à educação é um mecanismo de transformação social, este trabalho, tem como objetivo analisar a intervenção do judiciário na efetivação do direito à educação. Para tanto, encaminhou-se pelo viés da análise documental no site do Supremo Tribunal Federal buscando suas decisões nas ações que discutiam esse direito, após uma básica revisão de literatura. Estudos mostram que, embora – quando provocado – o Poder Judiciário atue pela efetivação do direito à educação, muito ainda tem a fazer para que esse direito seja concretizado em sua plenitude no Brasil.
Misperception of Disease Onset in People with Gradual-Onset Disease of the Upper Extremity
Authors: Lemmers Maartje , Versluijs Yvonne , Kortlever Joost T.P. , Gonzalez Amanda I. , Ring David 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Misperception that an established, gradual-onset disease such as osteoarthritis started when the symptoms were first noticed might lead to testing and treatment choices that are inconsistent with what matters most to a patient. In the present study, the primary null hypothesis was that there are no factors associated with patient-reported symptom duration (in months). The secondary null hypotheses were that there are no factors independently associated with (1) a sudden versus gradual perception of disease onset, (2) an event or injury-related versus age-related perceived cause of disease onset, and (3) the magnitude of physical limitations.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 121 patients with an atraumatic, established, gradual-onset condition of the upper extremity completed a demographic questionnaire, measures of mental health (symptoms of depression and anxiety, worst-case thinking, and self-efficacy [the ability to adapt and continue with daily activity] when in pain), measurement of the magnitude of upper extremity-specific limitations, and questions about the perceived course and cause of the disease.

Results:
The median patient-reported symptom duration was 12 months (interquartile range, 3 to 36 months). Twenty-two patients (18%) perceived their disease as new, and 29 patients (24%) believed that the condition was related to ≥1 event (injury) rather than being time and age-related. In multivariable analysis, patients with Medicare insurance were independently associated with longer reported symptom duration (in months). Greater self-efficacy was associated with longer symptom duration in bivariate, but not multivariable, analysis. No factors were independently associated with a sudden versus gradual onset of symptoms. Hispanic ethnicity and federal, county, or no insurance were independently associated with the perception that the problem was caused by an injury or event.

Conclusions:
Approximately 1 in 5 patients misperceived new symptoms as representing a new disease, often as a type of injury. Misperception of the pathology as new had a limited association with unhealthy thoughts and is likely generally responsive to reorientation. We speculate that gentle, strategic reorientation of misperception can protect patients from choices inconsistent with their values.
Evaluations of knowledge, skills and practices of insulin storage and injection handling techniques of diabetic patients in Ethiopian primary hospitals
Authors: Netere Adeladlew Kassie , Ashete Eyayaw , Gebreyohannes Eyob Alemayehu , Belachew Sewunet Admasu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Insulin is an effective therapeutic agent in the management of diabetes, but also sensitive to the external environment. Consequently, diabetic patients’ adherence to insulin delivery recommendations is critical for better effectiveness. Patients’ lack of knowledge, skill and irrational practices towards appropriate insulin delivery techniques may end up in therapeutic failure and increase costs of therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate patients’ knowledge, skills and practices of insulin storage and injection techniques.Methods: An interview-based cross-sectional study was conducted through purposive selection of participants in Northwest Ethiopian primary hospitals from March 1 to May 30, 2019. Levels of knowledge were assessed with right or wrong responses, while practice was measured by using a 4-point Likert scale structured questionnaire collected via face-to-face interviews. Likewise, a five-point observational (demonstration) techniques checklist employed to assess patients’ skills.Results: Among 194 patients approached, 166 participants completed the survey giving a response rate of 85.6 %. More than half of the respondents (54.8%) were males and the mean age (±SD) was 38.5±13.8 years. The overall patients’ median knowledge and practice levels on insulin storage and handling techniques were moderately adequate (64.3%) and fair (55.4%), respectively. In patients’ skill assessments, 94.6% correctly showed injection sites, 70% indicated injection site rotations, and 60.75% practiced injection site rotations. Education (P <0.001), duration of insulin therapy (P =0.008), and duration of diabetes (P =0.014) had significant impact on knowledge level. Education (P <0.001), occupation (P <0.001), duration of insulin therapy (P =0.001), duration of diabetes (P =0.036) and patients’ knowledge level (P <0.001) were found to have a significant effects on the patients’ practice levels. A Mann-Whitney U test also disclosed that residency, ways to get insulin and mocked injection technique during the first training had significant effects on patients’ knowledge levels.Conclusion: The current study revealed that patients had moderately adequate knowledge and fair practice levels on insulin storage and handling techniques. However, patients missed important insulin administration skills. This study highlights the need of regular public health education so as to enhance the patients’ knowledge, skill and practice levels on insulin handling techniques.
Ambulatory end-stage liver disease in Ghana; patient profile and utility of alpha fetoprotein and aspartate aminotransferase - platelet ratio index.
Authors: Nartey Yvonne Ayerki , Awuku Yaw Asante , Agyei-Nkansah Adwoa , Duah Amoako , Bampoh Sally Afuah , Ayawin Joshua , Asibey Shadrack Osei , Björkström Niklas , Ye Weimin , Afihene Mary Yeboah , Roberts Lewis Rowland , Plymoth Amelie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: End-stage liver disease (ESLD) is a major burden on public health, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important risk factor. We aimed to describe clinical characteristics of ESLD from cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the performance of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) - platelet ratio index (APRI) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) in Ghana. Methods: We performed an observational cross-sectional study in outpatient hepatology clinics at three teaching hospitals in Ghana, West Africa. One hundred and forty-one HCC, 216 cirrhosis and 218 chronic HBV patients were recruited by convenience sampling. Sociodemographic, history and examination, laboratory, and disease staging information were shown using descriptive statistics. Performance of the APRI score in diagnosis of cirrhosis and AFP in the diagnosis of HCC was determined using AUROC analysis.Results: Median age at presentation was 44 years for HCC and 46 years for cirrhosis. HBV was found in 69.5% of HCC and 47.2% of cirrhosis cases, and HCV in 6.4% and 3.7% respectively. APRI cut-off of 2 had sensitivity of 45.4% and specificity of 95% in diagnosis of cirrhosis, and cut-off of 1 had sensitivity of 75.9% and specificity of 89%. AUC of AFP was 0.88 (95% CI 0.81-0.94) in diagnosis of HCC. Low monthly income was associated with lower odds of undertaking AFP. Thirty one percent of cirrhotic persons were Child-Pugh C, and 67.9% of HCC patients had advanced or terminal disease at presentation. Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the young age of ESLD patients in Ghana and the advanced nature at presentation. It highlights shortcomings in surveillance and the need for policies to address the burden and improve outcomes in Ghana.
Socioeconomic Determinants of Unmet Need for Outpatient Healthcare Services in Iran: A National Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Vahedi Sajad , Torabipour Amin , Takian Amirhossein , Mohammadpur Saeed , Oliaeemanesh Alireza , Kiani Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Unmet need is a critical indicator of access to healthcare services. Despite concrete evidence about unmet need in Iran’s health system, no recent evidence of this negative outcome is available. This study aimed to measure the subjective unmet need (SUN), the factors associated with it and various reasons behind it in Iran. Methods: We used the data of 13005 respondents over the age of 15 from the Iranian Utilization of Healthcare Services Survey in 2016. SUN was defined as citizens whose needs were not sought through formal healthcare services, while they did not show a history of self-medication. The reasons for SUN were categorized into availability, accessibility, responsibility and acceptability of the health system. The multivariate logistic regression was used to determine significant predictors of unmet need and associated major reasons. Results: About 17% of the respondents (N=2,217) had unmet need for outpatient services. Nearly 40% of the respondents chose only accessibility, 4% selected only availability, 78% chose only responsibility, and 13% selected only acceptability as the main reasons for their unmet need. Low education was associated with higher responsibility-related SUN, while it could also reduce acceptability-related SUN. While SUN and responsibility-related SUN were prevalent among lower economic quintiles and people with higher outpatient needs, having a complementary insurance was associated with decreased SUN and responsibility-related SUN. The elderly and those with basic insurance had lower chances to face with responsibility-related SUN, while employed individuals were at risk to experience SUN. Conclusion: It seems that Iran is still suffering from unmet need for outpatient services, most of which emerges from its health system performance. The majority of the unmet health needs could be addressed through improving financial as well as organizational policies. Special attention is needed to address the unmet need among individuals with poor health status.
Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) versus open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in the treatment of distal fibula Danis-Weber type B and C fractures
Authors: Marazzi Cesare , Wittauer Matthias , Hirschmann Michael T. , Testa Enrique A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Minimally invasive plate-osteosynthesis (MIPO) has been reported to be superior to open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in the treatment of different long bone fractures. Nevertheless, in distal fibula fractures the evidence of MIPO remains scarce. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of the minimally invasive techniques applied to the distal fibula with open reduction and internal fixation within a 12 months follow-up. Methods A consecutive series of patients who underwent surgery using either ORIF or MIPO for the treatment of distal fibula fractures between 2010 and 2014 were retrospectively analysed. All distal fibular fractures requiring an operative treatment (Danis-Weber type B ≙ AO type 44 B1, 2, 3 and Danis-Weber type C ≙ AO type 44 C1, 2) were included (ORIF n=35, MIPO n=35). Patients were assessed for postoperative pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain (ranging from 0 to 10) and classified into 4 groups; “no pain” for VAS=0, “low” for VAS=1-3, “moderate” for VAS=3-5 and “severe” for VAS=5-10. In addition, complications of postoperative fracture-related infection, wound healing disorders, vascular and nerve injury as well as development of nonunion, were evaluated and analyzed. Radiologic outcome measures assessing the talocrural angle, lateral and medial clear space, tibiofibular overlap and talar tilt angle were evaluated postoperatively. Results The overall complication rate showed to be lower in the MIPO group compared to the ORIF group (14% vs. 37%, p=0.029). Even though not statistically significant, specific surgery related complications such as skin necrosis (3% vs. 9%, p= 0.275), nonunion (0% vs. 6%, p=0.139), infections and wound healing disorders (9% vs. 20%, p=0.141) as well as postoperative pain (17% vs. 26%, p=0.5) were found more frequently in the ORIF group. The tibiofibular overlap demonstrated to be significantly lower in the ORIF group (3.3mm vs. 2.7mm, p=0.033). The talocrural angle, talar tilt angle, lateral and medial clear space showed to be equivalent in both groups. Conclusion In this retrospective single-center consecutive series MIPO was superior to ORIF in the surgical treatment of distal fibula fractures with respect to the overall complication rate.
Identification and characterization of a Babesia bigemina thrombospondin-related superfamily member, TRAP-1: a novel antigen containing neutralizing epitopes involved in merozoite invasion
Authors: Montenegro Valeria N , Paoletta Martina S , Ortiz Jose Jaramillo , Suarez Carlos E , Wilkowsky Silvina E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (TRAP) has been described as a potential vaccine candidate in several apicomplexan parasites. However, this protein and members of this family have not been characterized yet in Babesia bigemina, one of the most prevalent species causing bovine babesiosis.MethodsThe Babesia bigemina TRAP-1 (BbiTRAP-1) gene of 3186 bp was identified by a bioinformatics search using the B. bovis TRAP-1 sequence. Members of the TRAP and TRAP-related protein families (TRP) were identified in Babesia and Theileria through the search of the TSP-1 adhesive domain, the hallmark motif in both proteins. Structural modelling and phylogenetic analysis were performed with the identified TRAP proteins. A truncated recombinant BbiTRAP-1 that migrates at ~107 kDa and specific antisera were produced and used in Western blot analysis and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). B-cell epitopes with neutralizing activity in BbiTRAP-1 were defined by ELISA and invasion assays.ResultsTRAP family has 3 members in B. bigemina (BbiTRAP-1-3). All are type 1 transmembrane proteins containing the von Willebrand factor A (vWFA), thrombospondin type 1 (TSP-1) and cytoplasmic C-terminus domains along with transmembrane regions. The BbiTRAP-1 predicted structure also contains a metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) for interaction with the host cell. The TRP family in Babesia and Theileria species contains the canonical TSP-1 domain but lacks the vWFA domain and together with TRAP define a novel gene superfamily. A variable number of tandem repeat units is present in BbiTRAP-1 and could be used for strain genotyping. Western blot and IFAT analysis confirmed expression of BbiTRAP-1 by blood stage parasites. Partial recognition by a panel of sera from B. bigemina infected cattle in ELISA using truncated BbiTRAP-1 suggests that this protein is not an immunodominant antigen. Additionally, bovine anti-recombinant BbiTRAP-1 antibodies were capable of neutralizing merozoite invasion in vitro. ConclusionsWe identified the TRAP and TRP gene families in several Babesia and Theileria species, and characterized BbiTRAP-1 as a novel antigen of B. bigemina. The functional relevance and presence of neutralization-sensitive B-cell epitopes suggest that BbiTRAP-1 could be included in future vaccine candidates against B. bigemina.
COVID-19: What Can Iodine Maps From Perfusion CT Teach Us? A Prospective Cohort Study.
Authors: Santamarina Mario G. , Riscal Dominique Boisier , Beddings Ignacio , Contreras Roberto , Baque Martiniano , Volpacchio Mariano , Lomakin Felipe Martinez 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Subtraction CT angiography (sCTA) is a technique used to evaluate pulmonary perfusion based on iodine distribution maps. The aim of this study is to assess lung perfusion changes with sCTA seen in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and correlate them with clinical outcomes.Material and Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out with 45 RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients that required hospitalization at three different hospitals, between April and May 2020. In all cases, a basic clinical and demographic profile was obtained. Lung perfusion was assessed using sCTA. Evaluated imaging features included: Pattern predominance of injured lung parenchyma in both lungs (ground-glass opacities, consolidation and mixed pattern) and anatomical extension; predominant type of perfusion abnormality (increased perfusion or hypoperfusion), perfusion abnormality distribution (focal or diffuse), extension of perfusion abnormalities (mild, moderate and severe involvement); presence of vascular dilatation and vascular tortuosity. All participants were followed-up until hospital discharge searching for the development of any of the study endpoints. These endpoints included intensive-care unit (ICU) admission, initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and death.Results: Forty-one patients (55.2 +/- 16.5 years, 22 men) with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and an interpretable iodine map were included. Patients with perfusion anomalies on sCTA in morphologically normal lung parenchyma showed lower Pa/Fi values (294 ± 111.3 vs. 397 ± 37.7, p=0.035), and higher D-dimer levels (1156 ± 1018 vs. 378 ± 60.2, p<0.01). The main common patterns seen in lung CT scans were ground-glass opacities, mixed pattern with predominant ground-glass opacities and mixed pattern with predominant consolidation in 56.1%, 24.4% and 19.5% respectively. Perfusion abnormalities were common (36 patients, 87.8%), mainly hypoperfusion in areas of apparently healthy lung. Patients with severe hypoperfusion in areas of apparently healthy lung parenchyma had an increased probability of being admitted to ICU and to initiate IMV (HR of 11.9 (95%CI 1.55-91.9) and HR 7.8 (95%CI 1.05-61.1), respectively). Conclusion: Perfusion abnormalities evidenced in iodine maps obtained by sCTA are associated with increased admission to ICU and initiation of IMV in COVID-19 patients.
Mild traumatic brain injury is associated with effect of inflammation on structural changes of default mode network in those developing chronic pain
Authors: Niu Xuan , Bai Lijun , Sun Yingxiang , Wang Yuan , Bai Guanghui , Yin Bo , Wang Shan , Gan Shuoqiu , Jia Xiaoyan , Liu Hongjuan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background：Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has a higher prevalence (more than 50%) of developing chronic posttraumatic headache (CPTH) compared with moderate or severe TBI. However, the underlying neural mechanism for CPTH remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the inflammation level and cortical volume changes in patients with acute PTH (APTH) and further examine their potential in identifying patients who finally developed CPTH at follow-up.Methods：77 mTBI patients initially underwent neuropsychological measurements, 9-plex panel of serum cytokines and MRI scans within 7 days post-injury (T-1) and 54(70.1%) of patients completed the same protocol at a 3-month follow-up (T-2). 42 matched healthy controls completed the same protocol at T-1 once. Results：At baseline, mTBI patients with APTH presented significantly increased GM volume mainly in the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex (dPCC), of which the dPCC volume can predict much worse impact of headache on patients’ lives by HIT-6 (β = 0.389, P = 0.007) in acute stage. Serum levels of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were also elevated in these patients, and its effect on the impact of headache on quality of life was partially mediated by the dPCC volume (mean [SE] indirect effect, 0.088 [0.0462], 95% CI, 0.01-0.164). Longitudinal analysis showed that the dACC and dPCC volumes as well as CCL2 levels had persistently increased in patients developing CPTH 3 months postinjury. Conclusion：The findings suggested that structural remodelling of DMN brain regions were involved in the progression from acute to chronic PTH following mTBI, which also mediated the effect of inflammation processes on pain modulation.Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov ID: NCT02868684; registered 16 August 2016.