bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chitosan‐based agent use for hemostasis after cryptorchidectomy in a horse
Authors: Tucker Michelle L. , Wilson David G. , Barber Spencer M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo document marked hemorrhage as a complication of inguinal cryptorchidectomy and its successful treatment with a novel chitosan‐based hemostatic agent.Study designCase report.AnimalsOne healthy 5‐year old quarter horse cryptorchid.MethodsThe horse was presented for routine unilateral cryptorchidectomy after prior hemicastration. An inguinal approach was made to the abdomen, and the right external pudendal artery was lacerated at the level of the internal inguinal ring, requiring multiple anesthetic events over a 2‐week period in attempts to control hemorrhage. A chitosan‐based hemostatic agent was packed into the wound to gain control.ResultsChitosan granules placed in the wound successfully controlled the hemorrhage, whereas the use of gauze packing alone failed. There were no immediate or long‐term complications to the chitosan granules; the horse was doing well 18 months postoperatively, and the client was satisfied with the outcome.ConclusionMajor hemorrhage was demonstrated from the external pudendal artery and caused difficulties because it occurred deep within the inguinal canal during an inguinal cryptorchidectomy. A chitosan‐based hemostatic agent was successfully used to achieve hemostasis.Clinical significanceThe external pudendal artery should be avoided in the medial commissure of the inguinal canal. The use of chitosan‐based hemostatic agents warrants further investigation in horses because these products may be useful for controlling major hemorrhage from various causes in equine practice.
The Association Between Time-Use Behaviors and Physical and Mental Well-Being in Adults: A Compositional Isotemporal Substitution Analysis
Authors: Curtis Rachel G. , Dumuid Dorothea , Olds Timothy , Plotnikoff Ronald , Vandelanotte Corneel , Ryan Jillian , Edney Sarah , Maher Carol 
Published: January 2020

Background: Substantial evidence links activity domains with health and well-being; however, research has typically examined time-use behaviors independently, rather than considering daily activity as a 24-hour time-use composition. This study used compositional data analysis to estimate the difference in physical and mental well-being associated with reallocating time between behaviors. Methods: Participants (n = 430; 74% female; 41 [12] y) wore an accelerometer for 7 days and reported their body mass index; health-related quality of life (QoL); and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Regression models determined whether time-use composition, comprising sleep, sedentary behavior, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), was associated with well-being. Compositional isotemporal substitution models estimated the difference in well-being associated with reallocating time between behaviors. Results: Time-use composition was associated with body mass index and physical health-related QoL. Reallocating time to MVPA from sleep, sedentary behavior, and LPA showed favorable associations with body mass index and physical health-related QoL, whereas reallocations from MVPA to other behaviors showed unfavorable associations. Reallocations from LPA to sedentary behavior were associated with better physical health–related QoL and vice versa. Conclusion: Results reinforce the importance of MVPA for physical health but do not suggest that replacing sedentary behavior with LPA is beneficial for health and well-being.
Clinicians prescribe antibiotics for childhood respiratory tract infection based on assessment, rather than parental expectation
Authors: Cook Rob , Davidson Peter , White Alicia 
Published: January 2020

The studyCabral C, Horwood J, Symonds J, et al. Understanding the influence of parent-clinician communication on antibiotic prescribing for children with respiratory tract infections in primary care: a qualitative observational study using a conversation analysis approach. BMC Fam Pract 2019;20:102.This project was funded by the NIHR School for Primary Care Research Programme (project number SPCR204).To read the full NIHR Signal, go to: https://discover.dc.nihr.ac.uk/content/signal-000829/gps-assessment-not-parental-expectation-drives-antibiotic-prescribing
The individual dynamics of affective expression on social media
Authors: Pellert Max , Schweighofer Simon , Garcia David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the temporal dynamics of affect is crucial for our understanding human emotions in general. In this study, we empirically test a computational model of affective dynamics by analyzing a large-scale dataset of Facebook status updates using text analysis techniques. Our analyses support the central assumptions of our model: After stimulation, affective states, quantified as valence and arousal, exponentially return to an individual-specific baseline. On average, this baseline is at a slightly positive valence value and at a moderate arousal point below the midpoint. Furthermore, affective expression, in this case posting a status update on Facebook, immediately pushes arousal and valence towards the baseline by a proportional value. These results are robust to the choice of the text analysis technique and illustrate the fast timescale of affective dynamics through social media text. These outcomes are of high relevance for affective computing, the detection and modeling of collective emotions, the refinement of psychological research methodology, and the detection of abnormal, and potentially pathological, individual affect dynamics.
Paradojas de la globalización alimentaria
Authors: Contreras Jesús 
Published: January 2020

La historia de la humanidad ha sido, en buena medida, la de la búsqueda de recursos o soluciones para resolver los problemas del hambre, cuantitativa (alimentos) o cualitativa (nutrientes). Gracias a las tecnologías actuales, podría pensarse que la producción y productividad alimentaria han aumentado de tal manera que el hambre podría haber sido totalmente erradicada. Por otro lado, gracias a la investigación biomédica, la prevención de las enfermedades derivadas de la alimentación es hoy más posible que nunca. Podría decirse que estamos frente a un “nuevo orden alimentario”. Sin embargo, a pesar de la sobreabundancia, persiste el hambre; y la ciudadanía, no parece estar convencida de reducir la alimentación a su dimensión nutricional. En efecto, los beneficios de la abundancia alimentaria se hacen menos obvios cuando, por una parte, se pone en duda la calidad de los alimentos producidos y cuando, por otra, se convierte en posible causa de enfermedades y riesgos de diverso alcance. El cambio alimentario tropieza, pues, con una cierta insatisfacción de la ciudadanía confrontada a unos alimentos “industriales”, que los encuentra insípidos, faltos del sabor de antaño e, incluso, peligrosos. Ello coincide, paradójicamente, con el aumento de las reglamentaciones sobre higiene y políticas de calidad puestas en marcha por las autoridades políticas y sanitarias. Por otra parte, muchas de las que fueron soluciones alimentarias en el pasado han tenido “efectos colaterales” que hoy parecen inaceptables por razones de salud, de sostenibilidad ambiental o de desigualdad social. Además, los desarrollos recientes de la tecnología o de la industria alimentaria han perturbado la doble función identificadora de lo culinario – la identificación del alimento y la construcción de la identidad del sujeto.
Así, la progresiva globalización alimentaria provoca una “nostalgia” relativa a los “patrimonios culinarios”. La cocina constituye un patrimonio cultural. La patrimonialización alimentaria se produce en el contexto del conjunto de las transformaciones socioeconómicas contemporáneas y de sus repercusiones en los comportamientos y en las ideas relativas a la alimentación. Identidad y/o patrimonio son nuevos “recursos” de la modernidad y de usos polivalentes. Ya no se trata de producciones mundiales que pierden progresivamente la huella de su lugar de origen sino de productos que, por el contrario, lo encarnan y se espera de ellos que evoquen un territorio, un paisaje, unas costumbres, una identidad.
Optical Coherence Tomography for Coronary Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold Implantation
Authors: Lee Seung-Yul , Kang Do-Yoon , Hong Sung-Jin , Ahn Jung-Min , Ahn Chul-Min , Park Duk-Woo , Kim Jung-Sun , Kim Byeong-Keuk , Ko Young-Guk , Choi Donghoon , Jang Yangsoo , Park Seung-Jung , Hong Myeong-Ki 
Published: January 2020

Background:
We investigated whether optical coherence tomography (OCT) guidance would reduce nonoptimal bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) deployment.

Methods:

This was a randomized controlled trial. Patients who required percutaneous coronary intervention for ischemic heart disease were recruited from 2 centers in Korea. The enrolled patients were randomly assigned to receive either OCT-guided BVS (Absorb; Abbott Vascular) implantation or angiography-guided BVS implantation using an optimized technique. The primary outcome was nonoptimal deployment, which was a composite outcome of the following parameters assessed by OCT: a minimal scaffold area <5 mm
2
, residual area stenosis >20%, incomplete apposition of the scaffold struts >5%, major edge dissection, or scaffold disruption. The secondary outcome was a procedural complication defined by the occurrence of no reflow, coronary perforation, or flow-limiting dissection.

Results:

Between September 2016 and January 2018, 88 patients (90 lesions) were assigned to OCT guidance, while 88 patients (89 lesions) were assigned to angiography guidance. The recruitment was prematurely terminated in March 2018 because the manufacturer stopped supplying BVS. Postprocedural OCT data were available for 88 lesions with OCT guidance and for 88 lesions with angiography guidance. There was nonoptimal BVS deployment postprocedurally in 35.2% of patients in the OCT-guidance group and in 38.6% in the angiography-guidance group (absolute difference, −3.7% [95% CI, −19.0% to 11.6%];
P
=0.64). There were no procedural complications in either group.

Conclusions:
OCT-guided BVS implantation did not reduce the incidence of nonoptimal deployment compared to that of angiography-guided BVS implantation (using optimized techniques).

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02894697.
In This Corner of the Entangled Cosmopolises: Political Legitimacies in the Multilingual Society of Sultanate and Early Mughal Kashmir
Authors: Ogura Satoshi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This essay explores the forms of political legitimacy claimed by Muslim sultans and received by their Muslim and non-Muslim subjects in sultanate and early Mughal Kashmir. The establishment of the Shahmirid sultanate in 1339 marked the beginning of a new multilingual situation where Sanskrit and Persian were both used as official languages. In such a situation, presentation of the Shahmirids’ political legitimacy took different forms depending on the language in which it was made. Shahmirid sultans declared their Indic legitimacy in Sanskrit and Islamic legitimacy in Persian. A polyglot chose the Indic legitimacy to praise the contemporary sultan in his Sanskrit writing with full knowledge of the Islamic legitimacy claimed by the same sultan. In such a situation, a ruler’s action that was deeply linked with his claim of legitimacy, e.g., Akbar’s sun-veneration could be interpreted differently by the observers depending on the language used to express their interpretations.
Estimating the True Maximum Sustained Wind Speed of a Tropical Cyclone from Spatially Averaged Observations
Authors: Mayers David , Ruf Christopher 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe maximum sustained wind speed Vm of a tropical cyclone (TC) observed by a sensor varies with its spatial resolution. If unaccounted for, the difference between the “true” and observed Vm results in an error in estimation of Vm. The magnitude of the error is found to depend on the radius of maximum wind speed Rm and Vm itself. Quantitative relationships are established between Vm estimation errors and the TC characteristics. A correction algorithm is constructed as a scale factor to estimate the true Vm from coarsely resolved wind speed measurements observed by satellites. Without the correction, estimates of Vm made directly from the observations have root-mean-square differences of 1.77, 3.41, and 6.11 m s−1 given observations with a spatial resolution of 25, 40, and 70 km, respectively. When the proposed scale factors are applied to the observations, the errors are reduced to 0.69, 1.23, and 2.12 m s−1. A demonstration of the application of the correction algorithm throughout the life cycle of Hurricane Sergio in 2018 is also presented. It illustrates the value of having the scale factor depend on Rm and Vm, as opposed to using a fixed value, independent of TC characteristics.
CORRIGENDUM
Authors: Heymsfield Andrew , Szakáll Miklós , Jost Alexander , Giammanco Ian , Wright Robert , Brimelow Julian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis corrigendum improves upon the size-dependent representation of graupel and hail terminal velocities, kinetic energies, and mass fluxes that were reported in the Heymsfield et al. (2018) study. In particular, representation of these dependencies on diameter over the full range of particle sizes is improved upon by correcting minor errors and by developing representations that cover different size ranges.
Two Types of the Scandinavian Pattern: Their Formation Mechanisms and Climate Impacts
Authors: Wang Mingyuan , Tan Benkui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOn the basis of daily data from the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55) for extended winters (December–March) from 1958/59 to 2014/15, this study examines the formation mechanisms and climate impacts of the subseasonal Scandinavian (SCA) pattern. Results indicate that the SCA pattern manifests itself as Rossby wave trains, arising from the initial height disturbances over the North Atlantic and propagating into the Scandinavian peninsula and central Siberia. One type of SCA may arise from a Rossby wave train over the North Atlantic that is closely coupled to an anomalous convective heating dipole and persists for about 2 weeks (convection-preceded SCAs). Another type of SCA arises from the weak height disturbances over the North Atlantic; the height disturbance over the Arctic also contributes to the SCA formation, with no significant convective heating anomalies being observed in the North Atlantic (convection-free SCAs). The results also indicate that both SCA types may cause strong climate anomalies in the Arctic and Eurasia that persist for about 2 weeks. The surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies assume a dipolar structure with one extremum located over the Greenland Sea through Barents Sea and the other extremum over the Eurasian continent. Associated with the SAT anomalies is a significant increase or decrease of sea ice cover over the Greenland Sea and Barents Sea, while over the Eurasian continent snow depth anomalies are found to occur over eastern Europe, western Asia, and the Russian Far East. Furthermore, as convection-free SCAs propagate vertically into the stratosphere, significant changes of intensity and air temperature of the stratospheric polar vortex are observed.
Impact of a pharmacist-led intervention on post-splenectomy vaccination adherence among trauma patients
Authors: Scherrer Leigh Ann , Benns Matthew V , Frick Christine , Pentecost Karina , Broughton-Miller Kimberly , Wojcik Jodi , Frisbie Michelle , Nice Laura 
Published: January 2020

Background Patients who undergo splenectomy are at increased risk of infection caused by encapsulated bacteria. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends a series of vaccinations for asplenic patients, the first of which are generally completed prior to hospital discharge in the setting of trauma. However, studies suggest that trauma patients receive booster vaccinations at a suboptimal rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an inpatient, pharmacist-led post-splenectomy counseling service on patient understanding and patient-reported revaccination follow-up rate. Methods Patients who underwent splenectomy due to trauma between October 2017 and February 2019 were surveyed via telephone questionnaire at least eight weeks after initial vaccination. Responses were compared to historical data which was collected prior to the service implementation. The primary outcome was patient reported follow-up vaccination rate. Secondary outcomes included patient awareness of vaccine requirements and need for rehospitalization. Results A total of 67 patients met inclusion criteria, of whom 31 (46%) were successfully contacted by phone. After implementation of the post-splenectomy counseling service, 14 patients (45.2%) reported receiving second doses of pneumococcal and meningococcal vaccines, compared to 6 patients (6.3%) in the pre-implementation cohort ( p = 0.000001). Twenty-eight patients (90%) of the patients in the post-implementation cohort acknowledged awareness of the need for additional vaccines, whereas 44 (46%) of patients in the pre-implementation cohort acknowledged awareness ( p = 0.000043). Conclusion A post-splenectomy counseling service led to improved rates of patient reported adherence to booster vaccines, as well as increased awareness for need to revaccinate.
Bayesian differential analysis of gene regulatory networks exploiting genetic perturbations
Authors: Li Yan , Liu Dayou , Li Tengfei , Zhu Yungang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundGene regulatory networks (GRNs) can be inferred from both gene expression data and genetic perturbations. Under different conditions, the gene data of the same gene set may be different from each other, which results in different GRNs. Detecting structural difference between GRNs under different conditions is of great significance for understanding gene functions and biological mechanisms.ResultsIn this paper, we propose a Bayesian Fused algorithm to jointly infer differential structures of GRNs under two different conditions. The algorithm is developed for GRNs modeled with structural equation models (SEMs), which makes it possible to incorporate genetic perturbations into models to improve the inference accuracy, so we name it BFDSEM. Different from the naive approaches that separately infer pair-wise GRNs and identify the difference from the inferred GRNs, we first re-parameterize the two SEMs to form an integrated model that takes full advantage of the two groups of gene data, and then solve the re-parameterized model by developing a novel Bayesian fused prior following the criterion that separate GRNs and differential GRN are both sparse.ConclusionsComputer simulations are run on synthetic data to compare BFDSEM to two state-of-the-art joint inference algorithms: FSSEM and ReDNet. The results demonstrate that the performance of BFDSEM is comparable to FSSEM, and is generally better than ReDNet. The BFDSEM algorithm is also applied to a real data set of lung cancer and adjacent normal tissues, the yielded normal GRN and differential GRN are consistent with the reported results in previous literatures. An open-source program implementing BFDSEM is freely available in Additional file 1.
Aspirin decreases hepatocellular carcinoma risk in hepatitis C virus carriers: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Liao Yen-Hsiang , Hsu Ren-Jun , Wang Tzu-Hwei , Wu Chen-Ta , Huang Sheng-Yao , Hsu Chung-Y. , Su Yuan-Chih , Hsu Wen-Lin , Liu Dai-Wei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Aspirin has been found to lower the occurrence rates of some cancers through the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzyme. For example, there is a well-known association between aspirin use and the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers. However, the association, if any, between aspirin use and HCC in hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers is unknown. Therefore, this study compared the occurrence rates of HCC in HCV carriers treated with or without aspirin.

Methods
The participants in this retrospective cohort study consisted of people newly diagnosed with HCV in Taiwan from 2000 to 2012. Those who were treated with aspirin were defined as the control group, whereas those not treated with aspirin were defined as the comparison cohort. We used a 1:1 propensity score matching by age, sex, comorbidities, drugs, diagnosis year, and index year with covariate assessment.

Results
Our study sample consisted of 2980 aspirin-treated HCV carriers and 7771 non-aspirin-treated HCV carriers. After propensity score matching, each cohort consisted of 1911 HCV carriers. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of HCC incidence in the aspirin users (aHR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.43–0.72, p < 0.001) was significantly lower than that in the non-aspirin users. A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that among the HCV carriers, the aspirin users had a lower cumulative incidence rate of HCC over the first 10 years of aspirin treatment (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
The HCC incidence rate was lower in the aspirin-using HCV carriers than in the non- aspirin-using HCV carriers, indicating that the effects of aspirin might occur through inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzyme pathway. Moreover, protection from HCC was provided by less than a year of aspirin treatment, while treatment with aspirin for 1 to 2 years exhibited the greatest protective effect. We therefore encourage aspirin treatment to prevent HCC in HCV carriers.
Monitoring in practice – How are UK academic clinical trials monitored? A survey
Authors: Love Sharon B. , Yorke-Edwards Victoria , Lensen Sarah , Sydes Matthew R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) encouraging the use of risk-based monitoring for trials in 2013, there remains a lack of evidence-based guidelines on how to monitor. We surveyed the academic United Kingdom Clinical Research Collaboration (UKCRC) registered clinical trials units (CTUs) to find out their policy on monitoring of phase III randomised clinical trials of an investigational medicinal product (CTIMPs).

Methods
An online survey of monitoring policy with sections on the CTU, central monitoring and on-site monitoring was sent to all 50 UKCRC registered CTUs in November 2018.
Descriptive data analysis and tabulations are reported using the total number answering each question.

Results
A total of 43/50 (86%) of CTUs responded with 38 conducting phase III randomised CTIMP trials. Of these 38 CTUs, 34 finished the survey. Most CTUs (36/37, 97%) use a central monitoring process to guide, target or supplement site visits. More than half (19/36, 53%) of CTUs do not use an automated monitoring report when centrally monitoring trials and all units use trial team knowledge to make a final decision on whether an on-site visit is required.
A total of 31/34 (91%) CTUs used triggers to decide whether or not to conduct an on-site monitoring visit. On-site, a mixture of source data verification and checking of processes was carried out.
The CTUs overwhelmingly (27/34, 79%) selected optimising central monitoring as their most pressing concern.

Conclusion
The survey showed a wide variation in phase III randomised CTIMP trial monitoring practices by academic clinical trials units within a single research-active country. We urgently need to develop evidence-based regulator-agreed guidance for CTUs on best practice for both central and on-site monitoring and to develop tools for all CTUs to use.