bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Addition of Different Egg Yolks in Basic Tris-Soya Diluent on Quality, Membrane Integrity of Senduro Goat Sperm, and Free Radicals during Storage at Temperature of 4-5° C
Authors: Ducha N , Budijastuti W , Rahayu D A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Semen diluents need macromolecules to protect sperm from the impact of temperature during storage and the presence of free radicals. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of adding yolk from different types of eggs to the quality and integrity of the sperm membrane. Fresh semen was diluted with basic tris-soya diluent wich was added with different types of chicken egg yolk, such as local chicken eggs and leghorn chicken eggs. As a control group, fresh semen was diluted with basic tris-soya diluent without the addition of egg yolk. The addition of egg yolk was 20% of the diluent volume. Quality observations include motility and viability of sperm. Sperm motility was observed using a microscope with 200 X magnification. The sperm viability was observed using the eosin and negrosin staining method, then it observed under a microscope with 200 X magnification. The integrity of sperm membrane was observed using the HOST method, and then observed under a microscope with 200 X magnification. Free radicals then observed with MDA test. The results showed that the motility, viability and membrane integrity of sperm only lasted until the 12 hour of storage, with the greatest motility, viability and membrane integrity obtained in diluents with the addition of leghorn chicken egg yolk. The smallest MDA test was 2.72, which obtained from diluents with the addition of leghorn chicken egg yolk. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the leghorn chicken egg yolk has the best ability to maintain the quality of Senduro Goat sperm during 4-5°C storage temperature.
Selection In Vitro Flower King Planlet With Polyethylen Glicol (Peg) 6000 On Drought As An Animal Feeding
Authors: Andari Gardis , Muchlis Dirwan , Nurcholis  , Salamony Syetiel M. , Amir Astaman , Panga Nurhaya J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Bananas besides being a superior fruit plant in Indonesia, banana plants can be utilized as animal feedstocks, The results showed that the administration of banana stems as animal feed did not have a negative effect on the appearance of young sheep, and even showed more nitrogen in comparison with sheep receiving control rations. Banana skin can be used as a substitute feed for livestock, especially in broilers. Banana skin has been used as poultry feed, a mixture of banana peel and coconut pulp with a ratio of 2: 1 can be used up to 15% substitute for corn in broiler feed. Banana skin fermented with probiotics can increase crude protein content by 14.88% and rough seats by 11.43% which is good for broiler growth. Drought that occurs every year is the main limitation of the growth of banana plants. Drought in plants can result in slow leaf area increase and influence on the rate of photosynthesis so that it can reduce productivity and growth of plants. PEG 6000 was used as an effort in early detection of genotypes from plant varieties that tolerated drought stress. So far there has never been a study of plantain feathers against drought stress using PEG 6000. So this research is interesting to do. This research was conducted to obtain candidates for plantain plantain which are tolerant to drought as animal feed
Evaluation and projection of snowfall changes in High Mountain Asia based on NASA’s NEX-GDDP high-resolution daily downscaled dataset
Authors: Li Yupeng , Chen Yaning , Wang Fei , He Yaqian , Li Zhi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
High Mountain Asia (HMA), which includes the Tibetan Plateau, Tienshan Mountains and surrounding region, has abundant snowfall and a long period of snow cover annually. The headwaters of many prominent Asian rivers depend in part on HMA meltwater. In this study, we evaluate projected changes in mean snowfall (Smean), snowfall days (Sd), and snowfall fraction (Sf) for the years 2070–2099 relative to 1976–2005, under the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) and 8.5 (RCP8.5) emission scenarios. An evaluation of the results shows that while NASA’s NEX-GDDP (National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections) high-resolution daily downscaled dataset can successfully capture the distribution of mean snowfall climatology, it has a strong bias for extreme snowfall indices. In general, the projected increase of temperature under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5—especially in winter—will result in a decrease in snowfall amount (−18.9%, −32.8%), fewer snowfall days (−29.6%, −47.3%), and less precipitation falling as snow (−26.7%, −42.3%). Furthermore, under high emission scenarios, rain-dominated regions are projected to expand 53.9%, while snow-dominated areas will only account for 17.9% of the entire HMA. Spatially, snowfall shows a more robust decline in eastern HMA (e.g. East Tienshan, East Kun Lun, Qilian, South and Eastern Tibet, and Hengduan) than in western HMA (e.g. Hissar Alay, Pamir, and Karakoram). This difference can be attributed to various environmental factors, such as climatology, elevation influences, and the unique seasonal recycle between the two regions.
The usual policy levers are not engaging consumers in the transition to electric vehicles: a case of Sacramento, California
Authors: Hardman Scott , Kurani Kenneth S , Chakraborty Debapriya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We investigate whether the population of all vehicle owning households has already considered purchasing a plug-in hybrid (PHEV) or battery electric vehicle (BEV). First, we explore purchase engagement and find that even in the city where Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) policy originates (Sacramento, California) few consumers are engaged with PEVs, few have considered purchasing one, many cannot name a single BEV or PHEV presently for sale, and many are not aware of incentives to buy or advertising of them. Next we model purchase consideration using ordinal logistic models to understand correlations of purchase consideration with: awareness of incentives, advertising, or ride and drives; whether respondents know how PHEVs and BEVs are fueled or the name of one for sale, have sought information on PHEVs and BEVs or have spoken to an owner; the density of chargers and PHEVs and BEVs in respondents’ home location; and respondent socio-demographics. We do not find any relationship between common engagement strategies (e.g. advertising, incentives, and ride and drives) and whether consumers have already considered buying a PHEV or BEV. Those who have considered purchasing a BEV or PHEV have done so due to prior interest.
An update on engineering issues concerning stratospheric aerosol injection for geoengineering
Authors: Lockley Andrew , MacMartin Doug , Hunt Hugh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Solar Radiation Management (SRM) geoengineering is a proposed response to anthropogenic global warming (AGW). Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) is one proposed method, reliant on lofting material into the stratosphere. Engineering reviews related to this technology approach have been sparse, with most major primary analyses now at least five years old. We attempt to bridge this gap—with a short, qualitative review of recent developments in various fields of engineering that have potential applicability to SAI. Our analysis shows that a new conventional aircraft design is still likely to be the most dependable and affordable technology solution (cost estimates start around $1000–1500 per ton lofted), with hybrid or vacuum airships a potential challenger. Rockets, gas guns and MAGLEV/coilguns show some potential—although they lack the inherent level-flight capability that would be needed for direct aerosol distribution (versus distribution of gaseous precursors), without substantial additional engineering. Should very high-altitude access be required, rockets, jet-hybrid rockets, and various guns (especially light-gas guns) potentially offer the required capability. Costs and performance for tethered balloons remain highly uncertain. Towers are not found to be promising. The extreme accessibility of free balloons suggests that this method may be used primarily for reasons of political leverage, as opposed to being an optimal engineering solution.
SYLOS lasers – the frontier of few-cycle, multi-TW, kHz lasers for ultrafast applications at extreme light infrastructure attosecond light pulse source
Authors: Toth S , Stanislauskas T , Balciunas I , Budriunas R , Adamonis J , Danilevicius R , Viskontas K , Lengvinas D , Veitas G , Gadonas D , Varanavičius A , Csontos J , Somoskoi T , Toth L , Borzsonyi A , Osvay K 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The extreme light infrastructure attosecond light pulse source offers beamtime for users of various attosecond and particle sources driven by versatile laser systems. Here we report on the state of the art of a few-cycle, multi-TW, 1kHz repetition rate laser system, now fully operational in the facility. The system is based on four stages of optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs) pumped by a total of 320mJ, 80ps frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser pulses. All OPA stages utilize double crystal configuration, which design has been also confirmed by model calculations. The 1kHz SYLOS 2 system produces 32mJ laser pulses around a central wavelength of 891nm with 6.6fs (<2.3 optical cycles) pulse duration exceeding the peak power of 4.8 TW on a daily basis. The recorded best pulse duration is 6.3fs, which corresponds to 2.12 cycles and 5.1 TW peak power. During long-term (24h) performance tests, energy stability of 1.2%, carrier-envelope phase (CEP) stability of 210mrad, and pointing stability of 0.4µrad were demonstrated, while the Strehl ratio of the beam is kept above 0.75. In order to help the alignment of all the different experiments at the facility and to reduce the workload on SYLOS 2 system, a second laser system has been developed. The so-called SYLOS Experimental Alignment (SEA) laser mimicks the performance of the SYLOS 2 laser, but at a repetition rate two orders of magnitude lower and without CEP-stabilization. The three single-crystal OPA stages of the SEA laser provide 42mJ pulse energy for the users, while having energy stability of 0.87% and sub-13fs pulse duration at a repetition rate ranging from a single shot up to 10Hz.
Insights on developing a field hospital formulary and medication distribution process in preparation for a second surge of COVID-19 cases
Authors: Bazzell Brian , Wagner Deb , Durant Karin M , Callahan Brian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Purpose
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused health systems across the country to plan for field hospitals to care for patients outside of traditional healthcare settings in the event of a second surge. Here we describe key considerations for the implementation of pharmacy operations and a field hospital formulary at an offsite location within a 2-week time frame.

Summary
Development of an offsite field hospital formulary is first dependent on the location and patient population defined for the field hospital. Creation of a limited formulary for a planned field hospital in Michigan involved reviewing physical space limitations and drug distribution workflows, assessing current prescribing trends, creating drug categories, and creating formulary guidelines to limit formulary options in each therapeutic category. Ultimately, our institution developed a 140-medication field hospital formulary, a process to enable appropriate use of nonformulary drugs, and a mixed operations model including automated dispensing cabinets and a manual cart-fill process. Although the institution did not have to open the field hospital, the process used for developing the formulary and determining distribution models will allow for an immediate implementation if a second surge occurs.

Conclusion
A methodical approach to developing limited formularies and pharmacy operations in a field hospital setting will allow health systems to establish efficient and effective medication distribution services in the event of a second surge of COVID-19 cases.
Open-source institutional guideline recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Collins Curtis D , Huang Jean , Potoski Brian A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Purpose
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the search for ways in which to provide the best available care have created unprecedented times in terms of rapidly evolving reports of available treatment options. The primary objective of our analysis was to categorize online, open-source guidance to determine how US institutions approached their recommendations for management of patients with COVID-19 in the early weeks of the pandemic.

Methods
A search for open-source, online institutional guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19 was conducted using predefined criteria. The search was limited to the United States and conducted from April 12 through 14, 2020, and again on April 22, 2020. Searches were conducted at 2 points in time in order to identify changes in treatment recommendations due to evolving literature or institutional experience. Treatment recommendations, including guidance on antiviral therapy, corticosteroid and interleukin-6 inhibitor use, and nutritional supplementation were compared.

Results
Of the 105 institutions that met initial screening criteria, 14 institutions (13.3%) had online COVID-19 guidance available. Supportive care and clinical trial enrollment were the primary recommendations in all evaluated guidance. Recommendations to consider antimicrobial and adjunctive therapy varied. Eighty-six percent of guidelines contained recommendations for use, or consideration of use, of hydroxychloroquine. Guidance from 2 institutions mentioned use of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in combination. Of the 13 institutions listing hydroxychloroquine dosing recommendations, 62% recommended maintenance dosing of 200 mg twice daily. Infectious diseases or other specialty consultation was required by 89% of institutions using interleukin-6 inhibitors for COVID-19 management.

Conclusion
Overall, the analysis revealed variability in treatment or supplemental pharmacologic therapy for the management of COVID-19.
Effects and Potential Mechanisms of Alcohol Use Disorder on the Fate Determination of Newly Born Neurons in the Hippocampus
Authors: Shabani Zahra , Jafarzadeh Gharehziaaddin Mohsen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the adult mammalian brain, new functional neurons are generated throughout life because of sustained proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). The subventricular zone (SVZ), lining the lateral ventricle, and the subgranular zone (SGZ) in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus are the two major neurogenic regions in the adult brain. This process is not fixed but is highly modulated by numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Neurogenesis has become in the focus of interest for its involvement in repairing the damaged brain and this motivates researchers to detect controlling mechanisms of this process. Recent evidence suggests that alcohol usage can directly influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis, but its mechanisms remain a matter for debate. Thus, this review summarizes in vivo/in vitro studies on the role of alcohol in hippocampal neurogenesis during adulthood and clarifies its underlying mechanisms by highlighting neurotransmitters and their receptors.
Quantitative Validation of Control Bands Using Bayesian Statistical Analyses
Authors: McCord Tyler A , Legaspi Matthew T , West Elaine A , Yung Priscilla K , Larson Diana L , Paik Samuel Y , Zalk David M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study presents a quantitative validation of 15 Similar Exposure Groups (SEGs) that were derived via control bands inherent to the Risk Level Based Management System currently being used at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. For 93% of the SEGs that were evaluated, statistical analyses of personal exposure monitoring data, through Bayesian Decision Analysis (BDA), demonstrated that the controls implemented from the initial control bands assigned to these SEGs were at least as protective as the controls from the control band outcomes derived from the quantitative data. The BDA also demonstrated that for 40% of the SEGs, the controls from the initial control bands were overly protective, thus allowing controls to be downgraded, which resulted in a significant saving of environmental safety and health (ES&H) resources. Therefore, as a means to both confirm existing controls and to identify candidate SEGs for downgrading controls, efforts to continuously improve the accuracy of Control Banding (CB) strategies through the routine quantitative validation of SEGs are strongly encouraged. Targeted collaborative efforts across institutions and even countries for both the development of CB strategies and the validation of discreetly defined SEGs of commonly performed tasks will not only optimize limited ES&H resources but will also assist in providing a simplified process for essential risk communication at the worker level to the benefit of billions of workers around the world.
PoSeiDon: a Nextflow pipeline for the detection of evolutionary recombination events and positive selection
Authors: Hölzer Martin , Marz Manja 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Summary
PoSeiDon is an easy-to-use pipeline that helps researchers to find recombination events and sites under positive selection in protein-coding sequences. By entering homologous sequences, PoSeiDon builds an alignment, estimates a best-fitting substitution model and performs a recombination analysis followed by the construction of all corresponding phylogenies. Finally, significantly positive selected sites are detected according to different models for the full alignment and possible recombination fragments. The results of PoSeiDon are summarized in a user-friendly HTML page providing all intermediate results and the graphical representation of recombination events and positively selected sites.

Availability and implementation
PoSeiDon is freely available at https://github.com/hoelzer/poseidon. The pipeline is implemented in Nextflow with Docker support and processes the output of various tools.
Differences in network controllability and regional gene expression underlie hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Zarkali Angeliki , McColgan Peter , Ryten Mina , Reynolds Regina , Leyland Louise-Ann , Lees Andrew J , Rees Geraint , Weil Rimona S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Visual hallucinations are common in Parkinson’s disease and are associated with poorer prognosis. Imaging studies show white matter loss and functional connectivity changes with Parkinson’s visual hallucinations, but the biological factors underlying selective vulnerability of affected parts of the brain network are unknown. Recent models for Parkinson’s disease hallucinations suggest they arise due to a shift in the relative effects of different networks. Understanding how structural connectivity affects the interplay between networks will provide important mechanistic insights. To address this, we investigated the structural connectivity changes that accompany visual hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease and the organizational and gene expression characteristics of the preferentially affected areas of the network. We performed diffusion-weighted imaging in 100 patients with Parkinson’s disease (81 without hallucinations, 19 with visual hallucinations) and 34 healthy age-matched controls. We used network-based statistics to identify changes in structural connectivity in Parkinson’s disease patients with hallucinations and performed an analysis of controllability, an emerging technique that allows quantification of the influence a brain region has across the rest of the network. Using these techniques, we identified a subnetwork of reduced connectivity in Parkinson’s disease hallucinations. We then used the Allen Institute for Brain Sciences human transcriptome atlas to identify regional gene expression patterns associated with affected areas of the network. Within this network, Parkinson’s disease patients with hallucinations showed reduced controllability (less influence over other brain regions), than Parkinson’s disease patients without hallucinations and controls. This subnetwork appears to be critical for overall brain integration, as even in controls, nodes with high controllability were more likely to be within the subnetwork. Gene expression analysis of gene modules related to the affected subnetwork revealed that down-weighted genes were most significantly enriched in genes related to mRNA and chromosome metabolic processes (with enrichment in oligodendrocytes) and upweighted genes to protein localization (with enrichment in neuronal cells). Our findings provide insights into how hallucinations are generated, with breakdown of a key structural subnetwork that exerts control across distributed brain regions. Expression of genes related to mRNA metabolism and membrane localization may be implicated, providing potential therapeutic targets.
Validated Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectroscopic Method for Simultaneous Determination of Certain Drugs Used in Cataract Surgery in Rabbit Aqueous Humor
Authors: Nassar Mohammed W , Attia Khalid A , Mohamed Ahmed A , Said Ragab A , El-Olemy Ahmed , Hasan Mohamed A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA sensitive, selective, accurate and precise ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of drugs used as eye drops in cataract surgery in aqueous humor. Cataract surgery requires a powerful mydriatic eye drops combination such as cyclopentolate hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride to dilate the pupil and facilitate eye lens replacement and also requires strong fluoroquinolone antibiotic such as lomefloxacin hydrochloride. The method was performed with positive ion electrospray ionization and the analytes were quantified and monitored on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer using multiple reaction monitoring scanning mode. Liquid–liquid extraction was used for the purification and preconcentration of analytes from rabbit aqueous humor matrix. Chromatographic elution was performed using an Phenomenex Luna® C18 (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.6 μm) column and moxifloxacin hydrochloride as internal standard with a mobile phase consisting of methanol:water:formic acid (70:29:1, by volume) at flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Satisfactory results regarding linearity, recovery, stability, accuracy and precision of the analytes were obtained. Full validation of the procedure was performed according to the US Food and Drug Administration guidance for industry: bioanalytical method validation and European Medicines Agency (EMA) guideline on bioanalytical method validation.