bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRANSACTION VERSUS NON-TRANSACTION PLATFORMS: A FALSE DICHOTOMY IN TWO-SIDED MARKET DEFINITION
Authors: Niels Gunnar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
When it comes to market definition in two-sided markets, an idea that has gained traction—among academics, competition authorities and even the US Supreme Court—is the distinction between transaction and non-transaction platforms. However, this distinction has no theoretical underpinning in the context of the hypothetical monopolist test (HMT). The hypothetical monopolist sets profit-maximising prices on both sides, as a function of own-price elasticities and externalities between the sides, regardless of whether the platform is transaction or non-transaction. I address the various theoretical and practical arguments put forward in support of the distinction between transaction and non-transaction and explain why none of these justify a different approach to market definition. I also discuss why some of the policy suggestions made by proponents of the distinction—for example, that a single market should be defined for transaction platforms but separate markets for non-transaction platforms—reflect some confusion about how the HMT works.
Retroperitoneal perforation of a duodenal diverticulum containing a large enterolith after Roux-en-Y bypass and cholecystectomy
Authors: Kabelitz Nina , Brinken Berit , Bumm Rudolf 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRoux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the most frequently performed bariatric procedures worldwide. The postoperative incidence of cholelithiasis after RYGB is higher than in the general population (30% vs. 2–5%), because the altered anatomy may lead to impaired gallbladder motility and biliary stasis. We report the case of a 47-year-old female who presented 9 years after RYGB and cholecystectomy with acute pain in the upper abdomen because of a retroperitoneal perforation of a duodenal diverticulum. Intraoperatively, a huge enterolith was found in the diverticulum and removed via duodenotomy. We claim that the stone grew during the sober states as the bile accumulated locally, because the gall bladder has already been removed and no duodenal food passage remained. This acute and life-threatening situation was successfully managed by operation. Consequently, a duodenal diverticulum has to be considered as a possible but very rare complication after RYGB and cholecystectomy.
Guinea pig seborrheic dermatitis model of Malassezia restricta and the utility of luliconazole
Authors: Koga Hiroyasu , Munechika Yukimi , Matsumoto Hiroko , Nanjoh Yasuko , Harada Kazutoshi , Makimura Koichi , Tsuboi Ryoji 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a multifactorial disease in which Malassezia restricta has been proposed as the predominant pathogenic factor. However, experimental evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited. A guinea pig SD model using a clinical isolate of M. restricta was used to elucidate the pathogenicity of M. restricta. Also, the efficacy of 1% luliconazole (LLCZ) cream, a topical imidazole derivative, against M. restricta was compared with that of a 2% ketoconazole (KCZ) cream in the same guinea pig model. Dorsal skin hairs of guinea pig were clipped and treated with M. restricta by single or repeated inoculations without occlusion. Skin manifestations were examined macroscopically and histologically. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was also performed for mycological evaluation. An inflammatory response mimicking SD occurred after repeated as well as single inoculation but not in abraded skin. The inflammation score attained its maximum on day 11 and persisted until day 52. The yeast form of the fungal elements was distributed on the surface of stratum corneum and around the follicular orifices, and an epidermal and dermal histological reaction was observed. Application of 1% LLCZ or 2% KCZ cream significantly improved the skin manifestations and decreased the quantity of M. restricta rDNA in the skin lesions. The efficacy of topical antifungal drugs suggested that M. restricta is a pathogenic factor contributing to SD.
Dynamic changes in intron retention are tightly associated with regulation of splicing factors and proliferative activity during B-cell development
Authors: Ullrich Sebastian , Guigó Roderic 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Intron retention (IR) has been proposed to modulate the delay between transcription and translation. Here, we provide an exhaustive characterization of IR in differentiated white blood cells from both the myeloid and lymphoid lineage where we observed highest levels of IR in monocytes and B-cells, in addition to previously reported granulocytes. During B-cell differentiation, we found an increase in IR from the bone marrow precursors to cells residing in secondary lymphoid organs. B-cells that undergo affinity maturation to become antibody producing plasma cells steadily decrease retention. In general, we found an inverse relationship between global IR levels and both the proliferative state of cells, and the global levels of expression of splicing factors. IR dynamics during B-cell differentiation appear to be conserved between human and mouse, suggesting that IR plays an important biological role, evolutionary conserved, during blood cell differentiation. By correlating the expression of non-core splicing factors with global IR levels, and analyzing RNA binding protein knockdown and eCLIP data, we identify a few splicing factors likely playing an evolutionary conserved role in IR regulation. Our work provides new insights into the role of IR during hematopoiesis, and on the main factors involved in regulating IR.
Non-medical barriers reported by nephrologists when providing renal replacement therapy or comprehensive conservative management to end-stage kidney disease patients: a systematic review
Authors: de Jong Rianne W , Stel Vianda S , Heaf James G , Murphy Mark , Massy Ziad A , Jager Kitty J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Large international differences exist in access to renal replacement therapy (RRT) modalities and comprehensive conservative management (CCM) for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), suggesting that some patients are not receiving the most appropriate treatment. Previous studies mainly focused on barriers reported by patients or medical barriers (e.g. comorbidities) reported by nephrologists. An overview of the non-medical barriers reported by nephrologists when providing the most appropriate form of RRT (other than conventional in-centre haemodialysis) or CCM is lacking.

Methods
We searched in EMBASE and PubMed for original articles with a cross-sectional design (surveys, interviews or focus groups) published between January 2010 and September 2018. We included studies in which nephrologists reported barriers when providing RRT or CCM to adult patients with ESKD. We used the barriers and facilitators survey by Peters et al. [Ruimte Voor Verandering? Knelpunten en Mogelijkheden Voor Verbeteringen in de Patiëntenzorg. Nijmegen: Afdeling Kwaliteit van zorg (WOK), 2003] as preliminary framework to create our own model and performed meta-ethnographic analysis of non-medical barriers in text, tables and figures.

Results
Of the 5973 articles screened, 16 articles were included using surveys (n = 10), interviews (n = 5) and focus groups (n = 1). We categorized the barriers into three levels: patient level (e.g. attitude, role perception, motivation, knowledge and socio-cultural background), level of the healthcare professional (e.g. fears and concerns, working style, communication skills) and level of the healthcare system (e.g. financial barriers, supportive staff and practice organization).

Conclusions
Our systematic review has identified a number of modifiable, non-medical barriers that could be targeted by, for example, education and optimizing financing structure to improve access to RRT modalities and CCM.
An unusual case of steroid responsive idiopathic ectopic calcification
Authors: Tsoi Kevin , Hughes Rod 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This case explores an unusual calcified lesion of the hand and its dramatic response to steroids. A 30-year-old lady presented to rheumatology with a 1-year history of swelling on the radial side of her right middle metacarpophalangeal joint. Over a 2-week period, she had developed swelling throughout her right hand. She was treated with intramuscular methylprednisolone injection and a weaning course of prednisolone. A series of photos and X-rays demonstrates the resolution of swelling and calcification after steroid treatment. This case reports a chronic calcified mass associated with an acute inflammatory episode in the hand. This is likely to represent rupture of a calcific deposit with the release of crystals into the soft tissue. While there is prior literature on treatment with bisphosphonates or surgery, a fast and complete response to modest dose steroids suggests that this would be the first treatment to try in such a case.
Disseminated hematogenous tuberculosis in puerperium—case report
Authors: Barbosa Orivaldo Alves , Teles Felipe Morais , Maia Allan Carlos Costa , Pessoa Gabriel Melo Ferraz , de Alencar Isabele Moreno , de Sousa Emília Tomé , Jorge Bezerra Simão Sâmia Duarte 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough tuberculosis (TB) is relatively common in pregnancy and puerperium, its disseminated form is a rare event, with potential lethal maternal and fetal outcomes. Due to the infrequency and lack of knowledge of most physicians about the various manifestations of the disease, the diagnosis is often overlooked, and treatment postponed, resulting in a high death rate. We report a fatal case of disseminated tuberculosis in the puerperium, with lung, brain, liver and uterine involvement. After, we briefly review the clinical manifestations of TB in the gestational period.
The dilemma in a case of immune thrombocytopenia in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus on antituberculosis treatment for miliary pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Lugito Nata Pratama Hardjo , Lorens Jane Olivia , Kwenandar Jessica , Kurniawan Andree 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe multifactorial mechanisms of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) could be caused by HIV, TB or anti-TB drugs. No patients with HIV and opportunistic infection of miliary pulmonary TB who developed thrombocytopenia after treatment with anti-TB drugs have been reported. A 47-year-old woman with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and miliary TB with normal platelet count (229 000/μL) started anti-TB drugs (rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol). After 10 days of treatment, her platelet count was low (17 000/μL). As rifampicin and isoniazid were stopped and intravenous methylprednisolone was given, her platelet count began to increase. After more than a month, her platelet count was normal (192 000/μL) and she started antiretrovirals. This improved platelet count after high-dose methylprednisolone is suggestive of ITP; however, the dilemma is whether it was rifampicin alone that caused ITP or did HIV and disseminated TB infection also play a role?
The Phenomenon Of Members Parliament Absence In Iraq
Authors: Alsamee Esraa Mahmood 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The member of parliament has an important role in legislative authority, whether through the member’s main role at the national level as being considered a representative of the nation, or through the local role in the constituency which elected the member to parliament, in order to concretize a parliamentary duty that pushes the legislative authority forward to achieve its independence at work. However, there is a prevailing phenomenon of absence in the legislative enterprise, whereby the seats of the parliament become empty during the discussions, and there is also a lack of legal regulations that oblige parliamentarians to be present during sessions of parliament and committee meetings. This study will be conducted through a doctrinal approach; data was collected through secondary sources by examining the contribution of scholars in this field, and in addition, a series of semi-structured interview was conducted through the use of email. This research will help the governments with a parliament suffering from this phenomenon in general and the Iraqi government especially, to address the absence of members and reduce this problem.
Acute environmental hypoxia potentiates satellite cell‐dependent myogenesis in response to resistance exercise through the inflammation pathway in human
Authors: Britto Florian A. , Gnimassou Olouyoumi , De Groote Estelle , Balan Estelle , Warnier Geoffrey , Everard Amandine , Cani Patrice D. , Deldicque Louise 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAcute environmental hypoxia may potentiate muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance training but the mechanisms are still unknown. To this end, twenty subjects performed a 1‐leg knee extension session (8 sets of 8 repetitions at 80% 1 repetition maximum, 2‐min rest between sets) in normoxic or normobaric hypoxic conditions (FiO2 14%). Muscle biopsies were taken 15 min and 4 hours after exercise in the vastus lateralis of the exercised and the non‐exercised legs. Blood samples were taken immediately, 2h and 4h after exercise. In vivo, hypoxic exercise fostered acute inflammation mediated by the TNFα/NF‐κB/IL‐6/STAT3 (+333%, +194%, + 163% and +50% respectively) pathway, which has been shown to contribute to satellite cells myogenesis. Inflammation activation was followed by skeletal muscle invasion by CD68 (+63%) and CD197 (+152%) positive immune cells, both known to regulate muscle regeneration. The role of hypoxia‐induced activation of inflammation in myogenesis was confirmed in vitro. Acute hypoxia promoted myogenesis through increased Myf5 (+300%), MyoD (+88%), myogenin (+1816%) and MRF4 (+489%) mRNA levels in primary myotubes and this response was blunted by siRNA targeting STAT3. In conclusion, our results suggest that hypoxia could improve muscle hypertrophic response following resistance exercise through IL‐6/STAT3‐dependent myogenesis and immune cells‐dependent muscle regeneration.
Differences in Opinions About Marijuana Use and Prevalence of Use by State Legalization Status
Authors: Steigerwald Stacey , Cohen Beth E. , Vali Marzieh , Hasin Deborah , Cerda Magdalena , Keyhani Salomeh 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
Beliefs about marijuana use and prevalence of use may be associated with the legalization status of the state of residence. We examined differences in views and rates of use of marijuana among residents in recreationally legal, medically legal, and nonlegal states.

Methods:
We surveyed a nationally representative online panel of US adults (N = 16,280) and stratified results by marijuana legalization status of states. We compared views of residents of recreational states on benefits and risks of marijuana use to residents in other states.

Results:
The response rate was 56.3% (n = 9003). Residents in recreationally legal states were more likely to believe marijuana could be beneficial for pain management (73% in recreationally legal states, 67% in medically legal states, 63% in nonlegal states; P value: <0.0001), provide relief from stress, anxiety or depression (52% in recreationally legal states, 47% in medically legal states, 46% in nonlegal states; P value: 0.01), and improve appetite (39% in recreationally legal states, 36% in medically legal states, 33% in nonlegal states; P value: <0.009). In addition, residents in recreational states were significantly more likely to believe that smoking 1 marijuana joint a day is somewhat or much safer than smoking 1 cigarette a day (40.8% in recreationally legal states, 39.1% in medically legal states, and 36.1% in nonlegal states; P value: <0.0001). Residents of recreationally and medically legal states were more likely to believe second-hand marijuana smoke was somewhat or much safer than second-hand tobacco smoke (38.3% in recreationally legal states, 38.3% in medically legal states, and 35.7% in nonlegal states; P value: 0.003). Past-year marijuana use in any form (20% in recreational, 14.1% in medical, 12% in nonlegal) and past-year marijuana use of multiple forms (11.1% in recreational, 6.1% in medical, 4.9% in nonlegal) were highest among residents of recreationally legal states. Overall, prevalence of past-year use of any form of marijuana use was more common among residents of recreationally legal states compared with other states (20.3%, confidence interval [CI] 19.5, 21.1 in recreationally legal states; 15.4%, CI 14.7, 16.2 in medically legal states; 11.9%, CI 11.2, 12.6 in nonlegal states).

Conclusions:
Residents in recreationally legal states were most likely to believe marijuana has benefits, marijuana smoke is safer than tobacco smoke, and have the highest rate of marijuana use. This is cause for concern, given the tide of commercialization, growing number of high-potency cannabis products, and favorable media coverage promoting use for health problems.
Usefulness of Radio Frequency Identification Device in Diagnosing Rotation of Motiva SmoothSilk Implants after Augmentation Mammoplasty
Authors: Mendonça Munhoz Alexandre , Chala Luciano , de Melo Giselle Guedes , Marques Filho Ary de Azevedo , Tucunduva Tatiana , Gemperli Rolf 
Published: December 2019

Summary:
Breast implant displacement has been described as a significant risk following augmentation mammoplasty. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the method of choice for diagnosing implant complications, but it has its limits in assessing correct implant position and displacement. Motiva SmoothSilk/SilkSurface® Implants (MSS) are the first to incorporate a radio frequency identification device (RFID), which produces an imaging artifact in MRI sequences. Given the frequency of breast augmentation procedures and the recent US Food and Drug Administration prospective trial involving SS with RFID, further analysis of implant stability and diagnostic imaging methods to evaluate implant positioning is necessary. The objective of this study was to assess the use of MRI with this new RFID-containing implant as a new tool to assess correct implant positioning. The authors performed this technique in 5 patients (10 implants) undergoing primary breast augmentation or revision surgery with MSS implants (255–385 cc, mean = 325 cc). The average area and volume of the artifact were 15.7 cm2 and 31.75 cm3, respectively. All cases presented satisfactory results, with 1 case of implant displacement. Our clinical and radiological outcome demonstrated that RFID technology is a useful tool for correct visualization of the implant position and diagnosis of complications such as slight displacements or rotation. To our knowledge, this is the first RFID breast implant that has been objectively evaluated for MRI issues.
Eyelid Reconstruction
Authors: Alghoul Mohammed S. , Kearney Aaron M. , Pacella Salvatore J. , Purnell Chad A. 
Published: December 2019

Summary:
The goals of eyelid reconstruction are to provide adequate globe coverage, proper closing mechanics, preservation of tear film integrity, maintenance of an unobstructed visual field, and to recreate an aesthetically appealing eye. There are several requirements for an eyelid reconstruction to be considered “aesthetic.” Both lids have to be in proper position, with normal palpebral fissure width and height. The eyelid margin should be distinct from the preseptal segment. Tissues must be thin to blend seamlessly with local skin. Finally, the canthal angles must be sharp and crisp. In this paper, we provide a practical guide to simplify eyelid reconstruction. This is not an exhaustive review of all available reconstructive techniques; instead, this is a description of the techniques we have found effective that together can address many eyelid defects.
Improved Diagnostic Accuracy of Periprosthetic Breast Infection: Novel Application of the Alpha Defensin-1 Biomarker
Authors: Basta Marten N. , Liu Paul Y. , Kwan Daniel , Breuing Karl H. , Sullivan Rachel , Jehle Charles C. , Bass Jonathan L. , Zienowicz Richard J. , Schmidt Scott 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Prompt, accurate diagnosis of breast implant infection is critical to minimizing patient morbidity. Bacterial culture false negative rate approaches 25%–30%, and better costeffective testing modalities are needed. Alpha defensin-1 (AD-1) is a neutrophil-mediated biomarker for microbial infection. With sensitivity/specificity of 97% and 96%, it has replaced culture as the preferred diagnostic modality for orthopedic periprosthetic infection, but has yet to be investigated in breast reconstruction. This pilot study compares the diagnostic performance of AD-1 to bacterial culture in suspected periprosthetic breast infection.

Methods:
Patients with prosthetic breast reconstruction and suspected periprosthetic infection were prospectively studied. Implant pocket fluid was analyzed with gram stain and culture, AD-1 assay, and adjunctive markers. Demographics, operative history, prosthetic characteristics, and antibiotic exposure were collected, and diagnostic performance of each test was compared.

Results:
Fifteen breasts with suspected periprosthetic breast infection were included, 10 (66.7%) of which were acutely infected. Gram stain correctly identified only 1 of 10 infections, whereas culture failed to identify 1 infection and reported equivocal/false-positives in 2 noninfected samples. AD-1, however, correctly classified all 15 samples. AD-1 exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificity, comparing favorably to culture (sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 60%), although this did not reach significance (P=0.22). Infected breasts also demonstrated significantly higher adjunctive marker levels compared to noninfected breasts.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates the utility of AD-1 in diagnosing periprosthetic breast infection. Combining AD-1 with adjunctive inflammatory markers may allow more accurate, prompt detection of implant infection which may reduce morbidity and reconstructive failures.
Chest Tube Management for Pleural Disease in Pediatrics
Authors: Cooper Jessica , Browne Nancy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Pleural disease involves a specific component of the respiratory system—the pleura. Treatment of pleural disease frequently involves drainage of the pleural space to return pressure dynamics, and thus respiratory function, to a normal state. This article discusses the contribution of the pleura to healthy respiratory function, diseases of the pleural system, and treatment of pleural disease, with specific attention to drainage by chest tube in the pleural space. Complications and troubleshooting of drainage systems will be discussed. Finally, how to manage pleural disease and treatments within the context of patient- and family-centered care are reviewed.