bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical triamcinolone induced Cushing syndrome: A case report
Authors: Taylor Oliver , Mejia‐Otero Juan Diego , Tannin Grace M. , Gordon Katherine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe present a case of iatrogenic Cushing syndrome and adrenal insufficiency in a newborn secondary to an overuse of triamcinolone cream 0.1% prescrived for the treatment of diaper dermatitis.This case highlignts the risks of systemic absorption when prescribing topical medications in the diaper area of an infant, and the importance of caution and proper follow up when prescribing even mid potency steroids to pediatric patients..
Retroperitoneal kaposiform hemangioendothelioma complicated by Kasabach‐Merritt phenomenon and obstructive jaundice: A retrospective series of 3 patients treated with sirolimus
Authors: Yao Wei , Li Kai , Wang Zuopeng , Dong Kuiran , Zheng Shan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe present a retrospective case series of 3 patients with retroperitoneal kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) complicated by Kasabach‐Merritt phenomenon (KMP) and biliary obstruction. We found sirolimus to be a safe and effective treatment for these patients who were refractory to other treatment modalities. However, our patients were slow to respond in comparison to published reports of sirolimus use for KHE without biliary obstruction. We postulate that therapeutic serum levels of sirolimus may be affected by biliary obstruction and improved with surgical alleviation of the obstruction.
Determinants of length of stay after pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Covarrubias Karina , Luo Xun , Massie Allan , Schwarz Kathleen B. , Garonzik‐Wang Jacqueline , Segev Dorry L. , Mogul Douglas B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to identify factors that are associated with LOS following pediatric (<18 years) liver transplantation in order to provide personalized counseling and discharge planning for recipients and their families.MethodsWe identified 2726 infants (≤24 months) and 3210 children (>24 months) who underwent pediatric liver‐only transplantation from 2002‐2017 using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. We used multilevel multivariable negative binomial regression to analyze associations between LOS and recipient and donor characteristics and calculated the MLOSR to quantify heterogeneity in LOS across centers.ResultsIn infants, the median LOS (IQR) was 19 (13‐32) days. Hospitalization prior to transplant (ICU ratio:1.461.591.70; non‐ICU ratio:1.081.161.23), public insurance (ratio:1.031.091.15), and a segmental graft (ratio:1.081.151.22) were associated with a longer LOS; thus, we would expect a 1.59‐fold longer LOS in an infant admitted to the ICU compared to a non‐hospitalized infant with similar characteristics. In children, the median LOS (IQR) was 13 (9‐21) days. Hospitalization prior to transplant (ICU ratio:1.491.621.77; non‐ICU ratio:1.341.441.56), public insurance (ratio:1.021.071.13), a segmental graft (ratio:1.201.271.35), a living donor graft (ratio:1.271.381.51), and obesity (ratio:1.031.101.17) were associated with a longer LOS. The MLOSR was 1.25 in infants and 1.26 in children, meaning if an infant received a transplant at another center with a longer LOS, we would expect a 1.25‐fold difference in LOS driven by center practices alone.ConclusionsWhile center‐level practices account for substantial variation in LOS, consideration of donor and recipient factors can help clinicians provide more personalized counseling for families of pediatric liver transplant candidates.
In search of lost time: the temporal construction of innovation management
Authors: Ellwood Paul , Horner Sam 
Published: March 2020

This paper presents a methodology that is new to the field of innovation management research (IMR), and which is founded upon current interest in theories of time and temporality within organisation studies. We argue that although time is of central importance to innovation management, established methodologies treat time as simply the background against which organisation is done. Even when research is conceptually framed to afford greater attention to time, established methodologies only succeed in highlighting the importance of managers' mobilisation of the past, present and future of innovations. In contrast, we present a methodology that affords time (rather than innovation actors) the more prominent role in analyses and explanations of innovation management. While established research methodologies might offer accounts of the social construction of organisational innovation, we elaborate its temporal construction. The paper reviews the ways in which time and temporality have been deployed (conceptually and methodologically) within IMR. Following a detailed account of the new methodology, its value to innovation management scholarship is demonstrated with a short illustration in which new insights are presented into the emergence of novelty during the management of innovation. The paper concludes with suggestions of areas within IMR where this methodology may generate new insights.
The Political Viability of Carbon Pricing: Policy Design and Framing in British Columbia and California
Authors: Karapin Roger 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe adoption of climate policies with visible, substantial costs for households is uncommon because of expected political backlash, but British Columbia's carbon tax and California's cap‐and‐trade program imposed such costs and still survived vigorous opposition. To explain these outcomes, this article tests hypotheses concerning policy design, framing, energy prices, and elections. It conducts universalizing and variation‐finding comparisons across three subcases in the two jurisdictions and uses primary sources to carry out process tracing involving mechanisms of public opinion and elite position‐taking. The article finds strong support for the timing of independent energy price changes, exogenous causes of election results, reducing the visibility of carbon pricing, and using public‐benefit justifications, as well as some support for making concessions to voters. By contrast, the effects of the use of revenue, industry exemptions/compensations, and making polluters pay are not uniform, because the effects of revenue use depend on how it is embedded in coalition building efforts and a middle path between exempting or compensating industry and burdening it appears to be more effective than pursuing just one or the other approach.
Effect of the topical Klox fluorescence biomodulation system on the healing of canine surgical wounds
Authors: Salvaggio Alberto , Magi Gian Enrico , Rossi Giacomo , Tambella Adolfo Maria , Vullo Cecilia , Marchegiani Andrea , Botto Riccardo , Palumbo Piccionello Angela 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of the Klox fluorescence biomodulation system (Phovia) on the healing of surgical wounds.Study designProspective, blinded, controlled clinical trial.Sample populationHealthy dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery (n = 10).MethodsHalf of the length of each surgical wound was treated with Phovia, and the remaining 50% was treated with saline solution on the first day after surgery and every 3 days until day 13. Wound healing of treated and control areas within each wound was evaluated via macroscopic assessment and histological and immunohistochemical analysis of treated and control wounds.ResultsThe areas treated with Phovia achieved lower histology scores (P =.001), consistent with complete re‐epithelialization, less inflammation of the dermal layer, and greater and more regular deposition of collagen. According to immunohistochemistry, expression of factor VIII, epidural growth factor, decorin, collagen III, and Ki67 was increased in treated compared with untreated tissues.ConclusionPhovia therapy improved re‐epithelialization, decreased dermal inflammation, and improved matrix formation in uncomplicated cutaneous incisional wounds by regulating the expression of key biological mediators.Clinical significancePhovia may be a beneficial adjunct to promote the healing of incisional wounds.
Effectiveness of Early Rehabilitation Combined With Virtual Reality Training on Muscle Strength, Mood State, and Functional Status in Patients With Acute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lin Ruei‐Ching , Chiang Shang‐Lin , Heitkemper Margaret McLean , Weng Shu‐Min , Lin Chi‐Feng , Yang Fu‐Chi , Lin Chia‐Huei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly rehabilitation has been shown to enhance functional outcomes. Whether the addition of virtual reality (VR) training could further improve muscle strength, mood state, and functional status for patients with acute stroke is unknown.AimsTo investigate the effectiveness of VR training on muscle strength, mood state (depression, anxiety), and functional status in patients following acute stroke.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted. Patients with acute ischemic stroke (N = 152) were selected and randomly assigned with a 1:3 randomization ratio to either experimental group (EG) or comparison group (CG). Both groups received early rehabilitation. The EG received an extra 5 days of VR training (15 min of time, two times a day), started 24 hr to 3 days poststroke. Muscle strength, mood state, and functional status were collected at admission and at the day of discharge. Generalized estimating equations were applied to examine the intervention effects.ResultsA total of 143 participants (94%) completed the study, and 145 were included in the intention‐to‐treat analysis. Participants in the EG reported increased muscle strength of upper and lower limbs in both affected and unaffected sides, decreased depression and anxiety, and increased functional status at discharge. When the group–time interaction was examined, the EG had greater increased upper limb muscle strength of the unaffected side (ß = 0.34, p < .001) and decreased depression and anxiety scores (ß = −2.31, p = .011; ß = −1.63, p = .047) at discharge compared with the CG. However, there was no difference in the functional status change scores from baseline between EG and CG.Linking Evidence to ActionA poststroke program that includes both early rehabilitation and VR training has greater benefit in relation to mood state and muscle strength at discharge than early rehabilitation alone. Therefore, an early physical rehabilitation program that includes VR training for acute stroke inpatients should be considered for implementation in clinical settings.
Laser Wavelengths Suitable for Generating Ultrasonic Waves in Resin-Coated Carbon Fiber Composites
Authors: Saito Osamu , Sen Enhi , Okabe Yoji , Higuchi Nobuhiro , Ishizuki Hideki , Taira Takunori 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
For the non-destructive inspection of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP), lasers can be used to generate ultrasonic waves. It is important to optimize the wavelength of the laser to ensure the intense excitation of a usable propagating mode. Real CFRP components used in the construction of airplanes and automobiles are often coated with several types of resin to protect against weathering. These resin layers change the excitation of the ultrasonic waves. Thus, the optimum laser wavelength may be changed by the coating resin. In this paper, we investigated the excitation of ultrasonic waves in a resin-coated CFRP plate using different laser wavelengths. We conducted experiments to convert the laser wavelength using periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) devices. By injecting mid-infrared laser to a coated sample, we observed excited ultrasonic waves using a laser Doppler vibrometer. We found that transparent resins significantly increase the amplitude of the first-arriving longitudinal wave. Furthermore, when the laser was strongly absorbed in the surface layer, the excitation of longitudinal waves was suppressed. These results were clarified by a one-dimensional model of the thermal generation of ultrasonic waves. We concluded that a laser passing through a resin layer is a viable candidate for the effective inspection of coated CFRP by laser ultrasonic waves.
A Framework for Tolerance Modeling Based on Parametric Space Envelope
Authors: Luo Chen , Franciosa Pasquale , Mo Zhijie , Ceglarek Darek 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) tolerance standards are widely used in industries across the world. A mathematical model to formulate tolerance specifications to enable comprehensive tolerance analysis is highly desirable but difficult to build. Existing methods have limited success on this with form and profile tolerance modeling as a known challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel tolerance modeling framework and methodology based upon parametric space envelope, a purposely built variation tool constructed from base parametric curve. Under proposal, geometric variation (deviation as well as deformation) is modeled and linked to envelope boundary control points’ movement. This indirect tolerance modeling brings various benefits. It is versatile and can handle full set of tolerances specified under GD&T standards including form, profile, and runout tolerance. The proposal can deal with complex manufacturing part and is capable of providing modeling accuracy required by many applications. The proposed approach has added advantage of facilitating integration of various computer-aided systems to meet emerging industry demands on tolerancing in a new era of digital manufacturing. The proposed methodology is illustrated and verified with an industrial case example on a two-part assembly.
On the Implication of Porosity Configuration on Lithium-Ion Cell Performance: A Numerical Study
Authors: Kanchan Brajesh Kumar , Randive Pitambar R. , Pati Sukumar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe present study numerically investigates the implication of different porosity configurations, viz., uniform, algebraic, trigonometric, logarithmic, and stepwise constant porosities at the negative electrode on performance characteristics of Lithium-ion cell. We assess the merit of nonuniform porosity over uniform one in terms of cell performance characteristics, viz., specific energy, capacity, electrolyte salt concentration, local volumetric current density, power dissipation density, and solid lithium concentration. Our results reveal that specific energy and capacity are found to be maximum when the porosity increases logarithmically in the direction from the negative electrode–current collector to negative electrode–separator interface. Also, it is found that the variation of power dissipation density and electrolyte salt concentration characteristics are dictated by the interplay of the porosity and the length of the negative electrode. Furthermore, the effect of charging rates (quick charge, fast charge, and ultrafast charge) on cell performance is carried out. It is seen that the increment in C-rates strongly influences the cell performance. It is found that the average capacity increases by 44% at the higher C-rate, i.e., 5C when the porosity increases logarithmically. On the contrary, sinusoidal variation in porosity yields in the worst cell performance. The findings of the present study bear utility toward designing an efficient battery system that can operate for a higher number of cycles with minimal power dissipation density and can fit into the ultrafast charging technique.
Accreted forearc, continental, and oceanic rocks of Maryland’s Eastern Piedmont: The Potomac terrane, Baltimore terrane, and Baltimore Mafic Complex
Authors: Adams Rebecca Kavage , Junkin William , Brezinski David K. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
The Baltimore terrane, the Baltimore Mafic Complex (BMC), and the Potomac terrane are telescoped tectonostratigraphic packages of metasedimentary and meta-igneous rocks that record the geologic history of eastern Maryland from 1.2 Ga to 300 Ma. These terranes provide insight into the understanding of the rifting of Rodinia and the initial amalgamation of eastern Laurentia. The oldest of these rocks are exposed as gneiss domes in the Baltimore terrane, with gneissic Grenvillian crust overlain by a metasedimentary cover succession believed to have been deposited during Rodinian rifting and the formation of the Iapetus ocean. These rocks are interpreted to be analogous to the Blue Ridge sequence in western Maryland. Late Cambrian ultramafites and amphibolites of the BMC discordantly overlie the Baltimore terrane to the east and north, and may represent ophiolitic oceanic crust obducted over eastern Laurentia continental rocks as an island-arc collisional event during the Taconian orogeny. To the west, a thick assemblage of schist, graywacke, metadiamictite, and ultramafic bodies comprises the Potomac terrane, a polygenetic mélange that may have formed in an accretionary wedge during Taconian subduction and collision with the Laurentian continental margin. The Pleasant Grove fault zone marks the Taconian suture of these accreted terranes to Laurentian rocks of the central Maryland Piedmont, and preserves evidence of dextral transpression during the Alleghenian orogeny in the Late Pennsylvanian.
Infection is associated with one in five childhood deaths in England and Wales: analysis of national death registrations data, 2013–15
Authors: Ferreras-Antolín Laura , Oligbu Godwin , Okike Ifeanyichukwu O , Ladhani Shamez 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo estimate the contribution of infections to childhood deaths in England and Wales over a 3-year period.DesignRetrospective analysis of national electronic death registration data.SettingEngland and Wales.PatientsChildren aged 28 days to 15 years who died during 2013–15.Main outcome measuresThe proportion of children who died of infection compared with total deaths over 3 years; the main pathogens responsible for infection-related deaths in different age groups; comparison with similar data from 2003 to 2005.ResultsThere were 5088 death registrations recorded in children aged 28 days to <15 years in England and Wales during the three calendar years, 2013–2015 (17.6 deaths/100 000 children annually) compared with 6897 (23.9/100 000) during 2003–05 (incidence rate ratios (IRR) 0.74, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.77). During 2013–15, there were 951 (18.7%, 951/5088) infection-related deaths compared with 1368 (19.8%, 1368/6897) during 2003–05, equivalent to an infection-related mortality rate of 3.3/100 000 compared with 4.8/100 000 during the two periods (IRR 0.69, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.75), respectively. An underlying comorbidity was recorded in 55.0% (523/951) of death registrations during 2013–15 and increased with age. Where recorded, respiratory tract infection was the most commonly reported presentation (374/876, 42.7%) during 2013–15. Central nervous system infections accounted for only 4.8% (42/876). Overall, 63.1% (378/599) of infection-related deaths were associated with a bacterial, 34.2% (205/599) with a viral and 2.5% (15/599) with a fungal infection.ConclusionsBeyond the neonatal period, all-cause and infection-related childhood mortality rates have declined by 26% and 31%, respectively, over the past decade. However, infection continues to contribute to one in five childhood deaths.
Mouse model of metformin-induced diarrhea
Authors: Takemori Hiroshi , Hamamoto Akie , Isogawa Kenta , Ito Masafumi , Takagi Masanori , Morino Hirofumi , Miura Takanori , Oshida Kyoichi , Shibata Takashi 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveMetformin, an oral medication used for type 2 diabetes mellitus, is the most commonly prescribed drug with less economic burden of patients. Although metformin’s efficacy and safety have long been recognized, approximately 5% of the patients treated with this drug develop severe diarrhea as an adverse effect and have to abandon treatment. Because there is no animal model to study metformin-induced diarrhea, it is hard to develop methods to maintain quality of life of patients prescribed with metformin.Research design and methodsUsing mouse models, we tried to develop an evaluation system for metformin-induced diarrhea to improve diarrheal symptoms in patients with diabetes. Healthy (C57BL/6J) and diabetic obese (db/db) mice were subjected to a stepwise dose escalation of metformin (250 mg/kg/day (125 mg/kg twice daily oral dose)—1000 mg/kg/day (500 mg/kg twice daily oral dose)), and fecal moisture contents and their score were monitored. To evaluate anti-diarrheal medications, wood creosote (a traditional medicine) was tested. Several groups of enterobacteria in fresh feces were examined by using PCR.Results1000 mg/kg/day (four times maximal effective dose) of metformin significantly increased fecal moisture content. Although no symptoms of diarrhea were observed in healthy C57BL/6J mice, the same dose of metformin induced severe diarrhea in diabetic obese db/db mice. A reduction in PCR signals for the Firmicutes group was associated with metformin-induced diarrhea. Wood creosote reduced diarrhea (high water-content) without affecting metformin’s efficacy or enterobacterial flora levels.ConclusionsWe have created the first animal model of metformin-induced diarrhea using db/db mice, which will provide better quality of life for patients suffering from diarrhea caused by metformin.
The global and national burden of chronic kidney disease attributable to ambient fine particulate matter air pollution: a modelling study
Authors: Bowe Benjamin , Artimovich Elena , Xie Yan , Yan Yan , Cai Miao , Al-Aly Ziyad 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionWe aimed to integrate all available epidemiological evidence to characterise an exposure–response model of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) across the spectrum of PM2.5concentrations experienced by humans. We then estimated the global and national burden of CKD attributable to PM2.5.MethodsWe collected data from prior studies on the association of PM2.5with CKD and used an integrative meta-regression approach to build non-linear exposure–response models of the risk of CKD associated with PM2.5exposure. We then estimated the 2017 global and national incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and deaths due to CKD attributable to PM2.5in 194 countries and territories. Burden estimates were generated by linkage of risk estimates to Global Burden of Disease study datasets.ResultsThe exposure–response function exhibited evidence of an increase in risk with increasing PM2.5concentrations, where the rate of risk increase gradually attenuated at higher PM2.5concentrations. Globally, in 2017, there were 3 284 358.2 (95% UI 2 800 710.5 to 3 747 046.1) incident and 122 409 460.2 (108 142 312.2 to 136 424 137.9) prevalent cases of CKD attributable to PM2.5, and 6 593 134.6 (5 705 180.4 to 7 479 818.4) DALYs and 211 019.2 (184 292.5 to 236 520.4) deaths due to CKD attributable to PM2.5. The burden was disproportionately borne by low income and lower middle income countries and exhibited substantial geographic variability, even among countries with similar levels of sociodemographic development. Globally, 72.8% of prevalent cases of CKD attributable to PM2.5and 74.2% of DALYs due to CKD attributable to PM2.5were due to concentrations above 10 µg/m3, the WHO air quality guidelines.ConclusionThe global burden of CKD attributable to PM2.5is substantial, varies by geography and is disproportionally borne by disadvantaged countries. Most of the burden is associated with PM2.5levels above the WHO guidelines, suggesting that achieving those targets may yield reduction in CKD burden.