bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of donor cause of death, ischemia time, inotrope exposure, troponin values, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic data on recipient outcomes: A review of the literature
Authors: McCulloch Michael A. , Zuckerman Warren A. , Möller Thomas , Knecht Kenneth , Lin Kimberly Y. , Beasley Gary S. , Peng David M. , Albert Dimpna C. , Miera Oliver , Dipchand Anne I. , Kirk Richard , Davies Ryan R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundHeart transplantation has become standard of care for pediatric patients with either end‐stage heart failure or inoperable congenital heart defects. Despite increasing surgical complexity and overall volume, however, annual transplant rates remain largely unchanged. Data demonstrating pediatric donor heart refusal rates of 50% suggest optimizing donor utilization is critical. This review evaluated the impact of donor characteristics surrounding the time of death on pediatric heart transplant recipient outcomes.MethodsAn extensive literature review was performed to identify articles focused on donor characteristics surrounding the time of death and their impact on pediatric heart transplant recipient outcomes.ResultsPotential pediatric heart transplant recipient institutions commonly receive data from seven different donor death‐related categories with which to determine organ acceptance: cause of death, need for CPR, serum troponin, inotrope exposure, projected donor ischemia time, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic results. Although DITs up to 8 hours have been reported with comparable recipient outcomes, most data support minimizing this period to <4 hours. CVA as a cause of death may be associated with decreased recipient survival but is rare in the pediatric population. Otherwise, however, in the setting of an acceptable donor heart with a normal echocardiogram, none of the other data categories surrounding donor death negatively impact pediatric heart transplant recipient survival.ConclusionsEchocardiographic evaluation is the most important donor clinical information following declaration of brain death provided to potential recipient institutions. Considering its relative importance, every effort should be made to allow direct image visualization.
Labour market institutions in open economy: Sectoral reallocations, aggregate adjustments, and spillovers
Authors: Lastauskas Povilas , Stakėnas Julius 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe introduce frictional unemployment in a multiworker heterogeneous firm model with a dynamic matching process, one‐ and two‐sector equilibria, and international markets. A change in labour market policies transforms the share of exporters and affects average productivity. The closure of equilibrium with or without sectoral arbitrage plays an important role in generating macro‐level outcomes for employment subsidies. Unemployment benefits, on the other hand, make unemployment and openness rise, independently of sectoral reallocations. We also find that simultaneous implementation of labour market policies remove potential gain in the trade share, and, when it comes to unemployment benefits, may even be detrimental.
Family presence during paediatric resuscitation and invasive procedures: the parental experience: An integrative review
Authors: Mark Katarina 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundThe evolvement of family‐centred care has been an ongoing process since the Platt Report 1959. Family‐centred care has become the modern working model in paediatrics and obstetrics. Parental participation is central to family‐centred care. Whether it is applied consistently remains to be concluded.AimThe aim of the study was to describe the family experiences of being present during paediatric resuscitation and invasive procedures.MethodThe design used in this study is an integrative review by Whittemore & Knafl. Databases PubMed and CINAHL were searched for primary research concerning the parental experiences of participating in paediatric resuscitation and invasive procedures. Eighteen studies were included in the study. A quality assessment tool was applied.FindingsA pro‐parental presence was the results of 17 of the 18 included studies. Six common themes were found: ‘Being there’, ‘Calming child’, ‘Calming parent’, ‘Having the right’, ‘Do it again’ and 'Seeing is believing'.ConclusionIncluding family in resuscitation and invasive procedures requires openness as a working model and demands organisational changes and the updating of guidelines. The inseparability of parent–child is attachment theory practised, an innate quality of being a child as well as a parent. Recommendations are to have a facilitator present during resuscitation and invasive procedures to alleviate stress on everyone’s part, enabling family participation.
Joy‐of‐life in cognitively intact nursing home residents: the impact of the nurse–patient interaction
Authors: Haugan Gørill , Eide Wenche Mjanger , André Beate , Wu Vivien Xi , Rinnan Eva , Taasen Siv Eriksen , Kuven Britt Moene , Drageset Jorunn 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundThe nursing‐home population is at a high risk of declined well‐being and quality of life. Finding approaches to increase well‐being among older adults in nursing‐homes is highly warranted. Responding to this need, the approach framed ‘Joy‐of‐Life‐Nursing‐Homes’ (JoLNH) was developed in Norway.AimTo investigate the association between nurse–patient interaction and joy‐of‐life in the nursing‐home population.MethodsCross‐sectional data were collected in 2017 and 2018 using the Nurse–Patient Interaction Scale and the Joy‐of‐Life Scale. A total of 204 cognitively intact nursing‐home residents met the inclusion criteria and 188 (92%) participated. A structural equation model (SEM) of the relationship between nurse–patient interaction and joy‐of‐life was tested by means of STATA/MP 15.1. Ethical approval was given and each participant provided voluntarily written informed consent.ResultsThe SEM‐model yielded a good fit with the data (χ2 = 162.418, p = 0.004, df = 118, χ2/df = 1.38, RMSEA = 0.046, p‐close 0.652, CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.96, and SRMR = 0.054). As hypothesised, nurse–patient interaction related significantly with joy‐of‐life (γ1,1 = 0.61, t = 7.07**).LimitationsThe cross‐sectional design does not allow for conclusions on causality. The fact that the researchers visited the participants to help fill in the questionnaire might have introduced some bias into the respondents’ reporting.ConclusionRelational qualities of the nurse–patient interaction should be essential integral aspects of nursing‐home care. Consequently, such qualities should be emphasised in clinical practice, and research and education should pay more attention to nurse–patient interaction as an important, integral part of the caring process promoting joy‐of‐life and thereby well‐being.
Depression, everyday technology use and life satisfaction in older adults with cognitive impairments: a cross‐sectional exploratory study
Authors: Köttl Hanna , Fallahpour Mandana , Hedman Annicka , Nygård Louise , Kottorp Anders 
Published: March 2020

RationalLife satisfaction is strongly associated with participation in everyday life activities. Yet, older adults with cognitive impairments have been found to experience difficulties in accessing and engaging in more complex everyday activities, especially, if these involve everyday technology. Considering the rapidly advancing technological landscape, this may substantially affect individuals’ life satisfaction and their participation in meaningful community‐based and home‐based activities.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the associations between life satisfaction, ability to use everyday technology and number of relevant everyday technologies used in older adults (n = 117) with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It also aimed to understand the role of depression, activity involvement and diagnosis regarding life satisfaction in this sample.MethodDescriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U tests and t‐tests were applied to compare those satisfied and those dissatisfied with life regarding ability to use everyday technology and number of relevant everyday technologies used.FindingsThe number of relevant community‐based everyday technologies currently not used was significantly associated with being dissatisfied with life (p < 0.05). Further, depression and withdrawal from activities and interests significantly differed across life satisfaction groups, while no group differences were found regarding overall number of everyday technologies in use and ability to use everyday technology.ConclusionAttention from healthcare professionals and researchers to early withdrawal from activities that rely on community‐based everyday technologies is called for, especially in older adults with depression. Preventing everyday technology‐related barriers in community life may increase life satisfaction.
Translation, adaptation and psychometric properties of the Icelandic stroke and aphasia quality of life scale‐39g
Authors: Kristinsson Sigfus , Halldorsdottir Thorunn H. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundThe overarching aim of aphasia rehabilitation is to improve people’s quality of life. The most commonly used quality of life measure developed for use with individuals with aphasia is the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale‐39 (SAQOL‐39g).AimsWe aimed to translate and adapt the SAQOL‐39g into Icelandic, and examine its psychometric properties. Furthermore, this study aimed to gather preliminary information on the health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) of stroke patients in Iceland.MethodA traditional back‐translation approach was applied to translate the SAQOL‐39g into Icelandic. We recruited 20 poststroke patients, thereof ten with aphasia, for evaluation of the psychometric properties of the translated instrument. Acceptability was based on missing data, and floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency was measured by Cronbach’s α and correlation between test items and overall score, and test–retest reliability was measured by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for overall and domain scores.ResultsThe back‐translation led to reviewing of eight test items for the final translation. No test items required cultural adaptation. The acceptability of the translation met criteria for both proportion of missing data (0%) and floor and ceiling effects for test items and domains (<80%). Internal consistency also met criteria, both for overall score (α = 0.94) and domains: physical domain (α = 0.93), psychosocial domain (α = 0.93) and communication domain (α = 0.89). Correlation between test items and overall score ranged from 0.30 to 0.82. Test–retest reliability met criteria both for overall score (0.95) and domains: physical domain (0.94), psychosocial domain (0.95), and communication domain (0.95). The mean total score was significantly lower for participants with aphasia compared to participants without aphasia (3.73 vs. 4.20; p < 05).ConclusionsThe Icelandic SAQOL‐39g demonstrated good psychometric properties. Preliminary evidence suggests that the HRQOL of people with aphasia is significantly worse than of people without aphasia after stroke.
Droughts in the desert: Medieval Warm Period associated with coarse sediment layers in the Gulf of Aqaba‐Eilat, Red Sea
Authors: Kalman Akos , Katz Timor , Hill Paul , Goodman‐Tchernov Beverly 
Published: March 2020

AbstractProlonged droughts can cause environmental stress, even in ecosystems that are already adapted to dry conditions. In these areas life greatly depends on rare, sporadic rainfall events that can produce flash floods. Today, urban expansion, population growth and development are occurring worldwide, including along hyperarid coastlines, an ecological zone on the extreme of habitability. In such places, the absence of the already limited precipitation can lead to long‐lasting damage, and recognizing drought conditions in the past is useful for planning. Recognizing droughts, however, is challenging because they are not known as depositional events, and therefore may be under‐recognized in the sedimentological record. Floods in these hyperarid deserts carry eroded sediments and deposit them in either terrestrial or marine terminal basins. In the hyperarid (ca 30 mm rain per year) desert surrounding the northern Gulf of Aqaba‐Eilat some flash floods reach the sea and deposit alluvial sediments (mostly silt and clay) on the shelf. Following a recent 17 year drought period (1995 to 2012) a coarser surface layer was recognized offshore the outlet of an ephemeral river, despite the lack of incoming flood material. This coarsened layer resulted from a prolonged period wherein mixing and winnowing of fine particles at the surface was not interrupted by recurrent flash floods. In the bottom of two sediment cores collected from the same shelf, a similarly coarsened layer was observed. The terminal level of this deep coarse layer was dated to ca 660 yr bp, corresponding with the end of the Medieval Warm Period (ca 1350 ad). These findings suggest that the medieval anomaly resulted in a prolonged drought period in this already arid region. These results present a new interpretation of grain‐size distribution records that provides a means to reconstruct drought histories in hyperarid regions globally.
Dating of young (<1 Ma) tephras: Using U‐Pb (zircon) and (U‐Th[‐Sm])/He (zircon, apatite, magnetite) chronometers to unravel the eruption age of a tephra in the Woodlark Rift of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Österle Jürgen E. , Stockli Daniel F. , Seward Diane , Little Timothy A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe dating of volcanic tephras forms a critical cornerstone of chronostratigraphy and is paramount for the resolution of the geological timescale. (U‐Th[‐Sm])/He dating is an emerging tool in Quaternary tephrochronology and ideally suited to date tephras <1 Ma. We present zircon, magnetite and apatite (U‐Th[‐Sm])/He combined with zircon U‐Pb data for a Pleistocene tephra in syn‐rift strata of the Woodlark Rift in Papua New Guinea. The results reveal a young He age mode (~0.5 to 0.8 Ma), consistent with an autocrystic zircon U‐Pb crystallisation age of 0.8 ± 0.1 Ma, as well as a broad range of older (U‐Th[‐Sm])/He (~1.6 to 10.2 Ma) and U‐Pb (~4.4 to 107 Ma) ages. These data demonstrate the potential of integrated U‐Pb and (U‐Th[‐Sm])/He multi‐method chronometry for dating the youngest coherent age mode, detecting contaminant grains and evaluating the isotopic systematics of these techniques.
Four-year outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) to correct high myopic astigmatism
Authors: Zhong Yuanyuan , Li Meng , Han Tian , Fu Dan , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: March 2020

AimsTo evaluate the long-term outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in subjects with myopic astigmatism of ≥2.00 dioptres (D).MethodsPatients who underwent SMILE 4 years prior with astigmatism ≥2.00 D and ≤1.00 D were assigned to the high astigmatic group (HA group) or the low astigmatic group (LA group), respectively. The visual and refractive results as well as corneal wavefront aberrations were measured.ResultsThe preoperative cylinder was −2.47±0.54 D in 43 eyes in the HA group and −0.55±0.28 D in 31 eyes in the LA group. At 4 years, the residual cylinder was −0.31±0.29 D in the HA group and −0.20±0.28 D in the LA group (p=0.088). An uncorrected
distance visual acuity of 20/20 was achieved in 88.4% of eyes in the HA group and 93.5% of eyes in the LA group. The efficacy index was 0.99±0.14 and 1.10±0.21 (p=0.025), and the safety index was 1.11±0.20 and 1.22±0.21 in the HA and LA groups, respectively (p=0.012). Eighty-six per cent and 90.3% of eyes were within ±0.50 D of the attempted cylindrical correction in the HA and LA groups, respectively. Vector analysis showed that the magnitude of error was −0.14±0.28 D and −0.05±0.16 D (p=0.085), the angle of error was −0.13±4.48 degrees and −2.57±29.42 degrees (p=0.592), the correction index was 0.94±0.13 and 0.94±0.35 (p=0.959), the index of success was 0.15±0.14 and 0.46±0.62 (p=0.517), and the flattening index was 0.93±0.13 and 0.71±0.59 (p=0.450) in the HA and LA groups, respectively.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that SMILE is effective and safe for correcting high astigmatism. Vector analysis shows a tendency for the undercorrection of astigmatism in subjects with high astigmatism.
Assessing the quality of CPR performed by a single lifeguard, two lifeguards and a lifeguard with a bystander after water rescue: a quasi-experimental trial
Authors: Li Shuang , Kan Ting , Guo Zijian , Chen Chulin , Gui Li 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundHigh-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) could improve survival of drowning victims. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of fatigue caused by water rescue on subsequent CPR quality and the influence of a bystander’s participation on CPR quality in a lifeguard rescue.MethodsThis was a simulated quasi-experimental study with a sample of 14 lifeguards and 13 laypersons. Each lifeguard performed 2 min single-rescuer CPR as baseline measurement. In three separate trials, a single lifeguard swam 50 m to perform a water rescue in a pool and returned with the manikin another 50 m. After each rescue, 10 min of CPR was performed by a single lifeguard, two lifeguards or a lifeguard with a layperson with no CPR training. Paired t-test and repeated analysis of variance were used to analyse CPR quality variables.ResultsBaseline CPR quality was adequate for most measures except compression depth and re-expansion. After water rescue, the single lifeguard trial showed no significant differences compared with baseline. CPR score and ventilation score of the single-lifeguard trial was higher than that of the lifeguard-bystander trial (p=0.027, p<0.001). Both the two-lifeguard trial (p=0.025), and lifeguard-bystander trial (p=0.010) had a lower percentage of breaths with correct ventilation volume and higher percentage of breaths with excessive ventilation volume (p=0.007, p=0.011, respectively) than the single-lifeguard trial. No-flow time of the lifeguard-bystander trial was longer than other trials (p<0.001).ConclusionsAlthough CPR given by the lifeguard was not optimal, fatigue generated by a water rescue has no impact on the quality of subsequent CPR performed by a trained lifeguard for 10 min. Untrained bystanders assisting in CPR in a drowning event is unlikely to be helpful.
Average pixel intensity method for prediction of outcome in secondary mitral regurgitation
Authors: Kamoen Victor , De Buyzere Marc , El Haddad Milad , de Backer Tine L M , Timmermans Frank 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundEchocardiographic grading of secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR) severity is challenging and involves multiple guideline-recommended parameters. We previously introduced the average pixel intensity (API) method for grading SMR. In this study, the clinical outcome in SMR based on the API method for grading MR was compared with conventional grading methods.Methods231 patients with systolic heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (ischaemic/non-ischaemic) and SMR were prospectively enrolled. MR was graded using all guideline-recommended parameters and the API method, which is based on the pixel intensity of the continuous wave Doppler signal. The primary outcome was MACE (major adverse cardiac event).ResultsThe API method was applicable in 98% of patients with SMR (n=227). During a median follow-up of 24 months, 98 patients (43%) had a MACE (cardiovascular mortality (n=50, 22%), heart failure hospitalisation (n=44, 19%), mitral valve surgery (n=11, 5%), percutaneous mitral intervention (n=12, 5%), heart transplantation (n=5, 2%)). On log-rank test, the API method was highly significant in predicting clinical outcome. On multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis, SMR grading with the API method was an independent predictor of clinical outcome (along with NYHA class and right ventricular systolic pressure; p<0.001), increasing the event risk by 9% per 10 au API rise (p=0.001). In the same multivariable analysis, proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA)-effective regurgitant orifice area or PISA-regurgitant volume were not independent predictors of events (p=0.18 and 0.26, respectively).ConclusionSMR grading with the API method is an independent predictor of clinical outcome and provides prognostic information in addition to clinical and other echocardiographic variables.
Chronic renal disease among lead-exposed workers
Authors: Steenland Kyle , Barry Vaughn 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundVery high exposure to inorganic lead causes serious kidney damage. We have studied workers with occupational exposure and data on blood lead.MethodsWe extended follow-up for 7 more years, for a previously studied cohort of 58 307 male workers who were part of a surveillance programme in 11 different states. Mortality was assessed using the National Death Index, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) incidence was assessed using the US Renal Data System. We conducted internal analyses via Cox regression adjusting for age, calendar time and race.ResultsThe cohort was followed for a median of 18 years and had 524 cases of ESRD and 6527 deaths. Average maximum blood lead was 26 µg/dL; the mean year of first blood lead test was 1997. No trends by lead level were seen overall or when restricting to those with 15+ years follow-up. Among non-Caucasians with >15 years of follow-up, there was a positive but inconsistent trend (Rate ratios (RRs) 1.00, 2.10, 1.33, 2.20 and 2.76 for maximum blood lead categories of <20 µg/dL, 20–29 µg/dL, 30 to <40 µg/dL, 40 to ≤50 µg/dL and >50 µg/dL, respectively (p for linear trend 0.26). Those with >15 years of follow-up and birth year <1941 showed a positive trend with increased blood lead (RRs 1.00, 1.14, 1.18, 1.46, 1.66, p trend=0.26).ConclusionsWe found no association between higher lead exposure and ESRD. There were positive but not statistically significant trends of increased risk for non-Caucasians with >15 years of follow-up and for older men with >15 years of follow-up.
Identification of eight-protein biosignature for diagnosis of tuberculosis
Authors: Yang Qianting , Chen Qi , Zhang Mingxia , Cai Yi , Yang Fan , Zhang Jieyun , Deng Guofang , Ye Taosheng , Deng Qunyi , Li Guobao , Zhang Huihua , Yi Yuhua , Huang Ruo-Pan , Chen Xinchun 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundBiomarker-based tests for diagnosing TB currently rely on detectingMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) antigen-specific cellular responses. While this approach can detect Mtb infection, it is not efficient in diagnosing TB, especially for patients who lack aetiological evidence of the disease.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled three cohorts for our study for a total of 630 subjects, including 160 individuals to screen protein biomarkers of TB, 368 individuals to establish and test the predictive model and 102 individuals for biomarker validation. Whole blood cultures were stimulated with pooled Mtb-peptides or mitogen, and 640 proteins within the culture supernatant were analysed simultaneously using an antibody-based array. Sixteen candidate biomarkers of TB identified during screening were then developed into a custom multiplexed antibody array for biomarker validation.ResultsA two-round screening strategy identified eight-protein biomarkers of TB: I-TAC, I-309, MIG, Granulysin, FAP, MEP1B, Furin and LYVE-1. The sensitivity and specificity of the eight-protein biosignature in diagnosing TB were determined for the training (n=276), test (n=92) and prediction (n=102) cohorts. The training cohort had a 100% specificity (95% CI 98% to 100%) and 100% sensitivity (95% CI 96% to 100%) using a random forest algorithm approach by cross-validation. In the test cohort, the specificity and sensitivity were 83% (95% CI 71% to 91%) and 76% (95% CI 56% to 90%), respectively. In the prediction cohort, the specificity was 84% (95% CI 74% to 92%) and the sensitivity was 75% (95% CI 57% to 89%).ConclusionsAn eight-protein biosignature to diagnose TB in a high-burden TB clinical setting was identified.