bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Solid State Sintered Silica Ceramic Derived from Rice Husk Ash
Authors: Sudiana I N , Aba L , Lestari L , Aripin H , Suastika K G , Firihu M Z , Mitsudo S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Silica xerogel produced from rice husk ash (RHA) taken from South East Sulawesi Indonesia has been successfully sintered by using a microwave oven 2.45 GHz as well as a millimeter waves (MMW) heating system with a 28 GHz gyrotron. The samples were also heated by using an electric furnace where served as a comparison. Physical characterization of the samples before and after sintering were then investigated by using an Archimedes densification measurement method device, a X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. Effect of microwave energy on the characteristics of silica ceramic after processing were analyzed and compared to conventionally sintered results. The effect of frequency to properties of the silica was also revealed and reported previously in separated paper. In this paper, depedency of microwave power and heating rate to grain growth and density of the ceramic are reported. The results suggested that the microwave power affect to grain growth rate of silica xerogel as well as to their density. In other hand, grain growth is also strongly depend on heating rate during fabrication.
Bulk-edge correspondence and topological phases in periodically driven spin-orbit coupled materials in the low-frequency limit
Authors: Saxena Ruchi , Rao Sumathi , Kundu Arijit 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We study the topological phase transitions induced in spin-orbit coupled materials with buckling like silicene, germanene, stanene, etc, by circularly polarised light, beyond the high-frequency regime, and unearth many additional topological phases. We also study the robustness of these phases in the presence of uniform disorder. These phases are characterised by the spin-resolved topological invariants,

C

0

↑

,

C

0

↓

,

C

π

↑

and

C

π

↓

, which specify the spin-resolved edge states traversing the gaps at zero quasi-energy and the Floquet zone boundaries respectively. We show that for each phase boundary, and independently for each spin sector, the gap closure in the Brillouin zone occurs at a high symmetry point.
Time to Face Language: Embodied Mechanisms Underpin the Inception of Face-Related Meanings in the Human Brain
Authors: García Adolfo M , Hesse Eugenia , Birba Agustina , Adolfi Federico , Mikulan Ezequiel , Caro Miguel Martorell , Petroni Agustín , Bekinschtein Tristan A , del Carmen García María , Silva Walter , Ciraolo Carlos , Vaucheret Esteban , Sedeño Lucas , Ibáñez Agustín 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In construing meaning, the brain recruits multimodal (conceptual) systems and embodied (modality-specific) mechanisms. Yet, no consensus exists on how crucial the latter are for the inception of semantic distinctions. To address this issue, we combined electroencephalographic (EEG) and intracranial EEG (iEEG) to examine when nouns denoting facial body parts (FBPs) and nonFBPs are discriminated in face-processing and multimodal networks. First, FBP words increased N170 amplitude (a hallmark of early facial processing). Second, they triggered fast (~100 ms) activity boosts within the face-processing network, alongside later (~275 ms) effects in multimodal circuits. Third, iEEG recordings from face-processing hubs allowed decoding ~80% of items before 200 ms, while classification based on multimodal-network activity only surpassed ~70% after 250 ms. Finally, EEG and iEEG connectivity between both networks proved greater in early (0–200 ms) than later (200–400 ms) windows. Collectively, our findings indicate that, at least for some lexico-semantic categories, meaning is construed through fast reenactments of modality-specific experience.
Who needs acetylsalicylic acid? Some order after many studies
Authors: Borghi Claudio , Ventura Fulvio 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The role of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in cardiovascular prevention is essentially consequence of its ability to inhibit platelet aggregation, thus reducing the impact of atherosclerotic disease. The preventive power of this drug is clear when used in patients with previous cardiovascular event (myocardial infarction, stroke, etc.), but the data are less dependable when considering patients who did not experienced a cardiovascular event or in the diabetic population, in whom recent studies reported neutral results in term of efficacy, in face of an increase in the risk of bleeding. Furthermore, the interpretation of the efficacy results of ASA should be reconsidered in light of the increasing clinical complexity, not addressed in the clinical studies on which current evidences are based. Accordingly the rationale for ASA use in cardiovascular prevention is ever more of current interest, and requires a particular attention, considering the crucial role of antithrombotic therapy in the foreseeable future. What could be learned on the use of ASA in cardiovascular prevention after a century since its chemical synthesis? In secondary prevention, supporting evidences have now a couple of decades of history, and the use of the drug appears to be firmly established: in this setting, the benefits clearly surpass the risks. On the other hand, in primary prevention, where age and diabetes are among the main risk factors, the risk/benefit ratio for prophylactic therapy with ASA does not support its widespread use. Deciding when this treatment should be implemented should require a case-by-case evaluation, considering, first, the correction of each risk factor, whose control has led to a reduction of global cardiovascular mortality. The other fundamental aspect is the compliance to the treatment, particularly in patients subjected to multiple drugs regimens, in whom the physician should take into account the specific needs of the patient, as not to provide a mere prescription service.
Long-term monotherapy with ticagrelor after coronary stenting: the GLOBAL LEADERS study
Authors: Greco Antonio , Capodanno Davide 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Dual antiplatelet treatment is currently the mainstay of pharmacologic treatment for patients after coronary percutaneous interventions for stable or acute coronary syndrome. The treatment decreases the incidence of thrombotic complications, but is responsible for an increased risk of bleeding. The advances in interventional cardiology and the development of new coronary stents, allow for a significant reduction of haemorrhagic complications secondary to antithrombotic treatment by either decreasing their dose or limiting their duration. The GLOBAL LEADERS study failed to demonstrate, after 2 years of follow-up, an advantage for the monotherapy with ticagrelor as compared to standard dual antiplatelet regimen. Nevertheless, focused appraisal of the study results, provide for some positive and promising new considerations. In fact, even though the results of the GLOBAL LEADER trial have not changed the current clinical practice, they provide the starting point for the design of new trials aiming at comparing new antithrombotic regimens which could be not inferior in terms of efficacy, but superior in terms of safety.
Is there a connection among atrial fibrillation, anticoagulant treatment, and dementia?
Authors: Ferri Claudio , Del Pinto Rita 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
It is well-known that atrial fibrillation carries an increased risk of stroke and dementia. The connecting pathogenic common mechanism is the thromboembolic state provided by atrial fibrillation, which is responsible for the acute cerebral events, as well as more saddle anatomic lesions, which accumulating over time, could lead to a progressive cognitive decline. It is plausible, instinctively, that oral anticoagulation could decrease this risk, although the possibility of micro-haemorrhages, which cannot be ignored, could make anticoagulation in this contest even dangerous. In this regard, whether there are firm, well established, evidences documenting a significant reduction in stroke occurrence with anticoagulant treatment in atrial fibrillation, the same level of evidences are not supporting the treatment in preventing dementia. Bringing some more clarity to this issue could have some considerable advantages, also in term of healthcare cost containment, considering the high prevalence of atrial fibrillation and dementia in the elderly.
Rivaroxaban in patients with ischaemic chronic cardiomyopathy and obstructive peripheral arterial disease: rationale for treatment and results
Authors: Savonitto Stefano , Pelizzoli Silvia , Selva Antonia Maria 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Patients with overt clinical atherosclerosis (ATS) or with previous peripheral vascular events have a high risk of ischaemic complications. A careful control of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors has been shown to improve prognosis, likely driven by a decrease progression of ATS. Prevention of occlusive complications is, on the other hand, based on antithrombotic therapy. So far, this therapeutic goal has been pursued through antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and P2Y12 receptor inhibitors. Anticoagulant therapy with full-dose vitamin K inhibitors, although effective in some arterial conditions, is burdened by high bleeding risk, and by low long-term compliance. In the COMPASS study, the association of aspirin with the factor Xa inhibitor, rivaroxaban, in a dose of one-fourth of the dose used in atrial fibrillation, decreased by more than 20% the incidence of CV events in patients with multi-district ATS. The positive effect was also observed as far as major peripheral complications, the like of critical limb ischaemia or limb amputations. This positive preventive effect was in addition to the effect of other preventive measures, such as the use of statins, ACE inhibitors, and aspirin itself. As compared to the aspirin-only treatment, the association with low-dose rivaroxaban had a significantly higher bleeding risk, which should be carefully considered when evaluating the individual risk/benefit ratio of the combined treatment.
Acid-adapted microalgae exhibit phenotypic changes for their survival in acid mine drainage samples
Authors: Abinandan Sudharsanam , Perera Isiri Adhiwarie , Subashchandrabose Suresh R , Venkateswarlu Kadiyala , Cole Nicole , Megharaj Mallavarapu 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Phenotypic plasticity or genetic adaptation in an organism provides phenotypic changes when exposed to the extreme environmental conditions. The resultant physiological and metabolic changes greatly enhance the organism's potential for its survival in such harsh environments. In the present novel approach, we tested the hypothesis whether acid-adapted microalgae, initially isolated from non-acidophilic environments, can survive and grow in acid-mine-drainage (AMD) samples. Two acid-adapted microalgal strains, Desmodesmus sp. MAS1 and Heterochlorella sp. MAS3, were tested individually or in combination (co-culture) for phenotypic changes during their growth in samples collected from AMD. The acid-adapted microalgae in AMD exhibited a two-fold increase in growth when compared with those grown at pH 3.5 in BBM up to 48 h and then declined. Furthermore, oxidative stress triggered several alterations such as increased cell size, granularity, and enhanced lipid accumulation in AMD-grown microalgae. Especially, the apparent limitation of phosphate in AMD inhibited the uptake of copper and iron in the cultures. Interestingly, growth of the acid-adapted microalgae in AMD downregulated amino acid metabolic pathways as a survival mechanism. This study demonstrates for the first time that acid-adapted microalgae can survive under extreme environmental conditions as exist in AMD by effecting significant phenotypic changes.
A Hyperbolic Counterpart to Rokhlin’s Cobordism Theorem
Authors: Chu Michelle , Kolpakov Alexander 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the present paper is to prove existence of super-exponentially many compact orientable hyperbolic arithmetic $n$-manifolds that are geometric boundaries of compact orientable hyperbolic $(n+1)$-manifolds, for any $n \geq 2$, thereby establishing that these classes of manifolds have the same growth rate with respect to volume as all compact orientable hyperbolic arithmetic $n$-manifolds. An analogous result holds for non-compact orientable hyperbolic arithmetic $n$-manifolds of finite volume that are geometric boundaries for $n \geq 2$.
Household motor vehicle ownership and obesity among Indian females and males: 2005–2016
Authors: Kellstedt Debra K , Washburn David J , Lee Shinduk , Gwarzo Ibrahim , Ahenda Petronella , Maddock Jay E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
To determine associations between household motor vehicle ownership and obesity among Indian adults.

Methods
Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted using the 2005–2006 and 2015–2016 Indian Demographic and Health surveys, with over 800 000 respondents.

Results
Obesity prevalence (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) rose in females (16.87% to 20.35%) and in males (12.55% to 18.74%). In 2005, having both types of vehicles (motorcycle/motor scooter and car) significantly increased the odds of obesity in females (OR, 1.63; 95% CI 1.50 to 1.76) and males (OR, 2.49; 95% CI 2.24 to 2.77) as well as in 2015 (OR, 1.10; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.13 and OR, 1.56; 95% CI 1.45 to 1.68, respectively). The wealthiest were more likely to be obese in 2005 (OR, 14.95; 95% CI 16.06 to 17.12 for females; OR, 12.69; 95% CI 10.17 to 15.70 for males) and in 2015 (OR, 7.69; 95% CI 7.43 to 7.95 for females and OR, 6.40; 95% CI 5.40 to 7.01 for males). Higher education levels, being younger and rural residence were significant protective factors in 2005 and 2015.

Conclusions
After adjusting for confounders, motor vehicle ownership was significantly associated with obesity at both time points, but the effect of vehicle ownership presents differently by gender. With obesity prevalence increasing in India, policies promoting active vs motorized transport could attenuate this problem.
Optimal Income Taxation with Composition Effects
Authors: Jacquet Laurence , Lehmann Etienne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProviding estimable sufficient statistics to give policy prescriptions has become a widespread approach, a well-known limitation of which is the endogeneity of sufficient statistics to the policy. Using optimal tax policy as our field of application, we highlight a new source of endogeneity. It arises under multidimensional heterogeneity, because optimal tax formulas are then expressed as functions of weighted means of sufficient statistics computed at the individual level and the weights are endogenous to the tax policy. We analytically show that ignoring these composition effects leads to underestimate the optimal linear tax and, under a restrictive set of assumptions, the optimal nonlinear tax as well. In the latter case, we use an improved tax perturbation approach to study composition effects without these assumptions. Numerical simulations on US data suggest the optimal tax rate may be underestimated by 6 p.p. for high incomes levels. We also relate our tax perturbation method to the first-order mechanism design method, both methods having hitherto been used separately to derive optimal tax schedules.
Global Trends in Survival From Astrocytic Tumors in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Girardi Fabio , Allemani Claudia , Coleman Michel P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Brain tumors represent an important cause of cancer-related death in adolescents and young adults. Most are diagnosed in low-income and middle-income countries. We aimed to conduct the first, to our knowledge, systematic review of time trends and geographical variation in survival in this age group.

Methods
We included observational studies describing population-based survival from astrocytic tumors in patients aged 15-39 years. We queried 6 electronic databases from database inception to December 31, 2019. This review is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42018111981.

Results
Among 5640 retrieved records, 20 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All but 1 study focused on high-income countries. Five-year survival from astrocytoma (broad morphology group) mostly varied between 48.0% and 71.0% (1973-2004) without clear trends or geographic differences. Adolescents with astrocytoma had better outcomes than young adults, but survival values were similar when nonmalignant tumors were excluded. During 2002-2007, 5-year survival for World Health Organization grade I-II tumors was in the range of 72.6%-89.1% in England, Germany, and the United States but lower in Southeastern Europe (59.0%). Five-year survival for anaplastic astrocytoma varied between 39.6% and 55.4% (2002-2007). Five-year survival from glioblastoma was in the range of 14.2%-23.1% (1991-2009).

Conclusions
Survival from astrocytic tumors remained somewhat steady over time, with little change between 1973 and 2009. Survival disparities were difficult to examine, because nearly all the studies were conducted in affluent countries. Studies often adopted the International Classification of Childhood Cancer, which, however, did not allow to accurately describe variation in survival. Larger studies are warranted, including underrepresented populations and providing more recent survival estimates.
Relationship between thyroid tumor radiosensitivity and nuclear localization of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit
Authors: Ihara Makoto , Shichijo Kazuko , Ashizawa Kiyoto , Matsuda Katsuya , Otsubo Ryota , Horie Ichiro , Nakashima Masahiro , Kudo Takashi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThyroid tumors are the most common types of endocrine malignancies and are commonly treated with radioactive iodine (RAI) to destroy remaining cancer cells following surgical intervention. We previously reported that the expression levels of double-stranded DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), which plays a key role in non-homologous end joining, are correlated with the radiosensitivity of cancer cells. Specifically, cells expressing high levels of DNA-PKcs exhibited radiation resistance, whereas cells expressing low levels were sensitive to radiation treatment. In this study, we observed full-length native DNA-PKcs (460 kDa) in radiation-resistant FRO and KTC-2 cells through western blot analysis using an antibody against the C-terminus of DNA-PKcs. In contrast, cleaved DNA-PKcs (175 kDa) were observed in radiation-sensitive TPC-1 and KTC-1 cells. Almost equal amounts of DNA-PKcs were observed in moderately radiation-sensitive WRO cells. We also describe a simple method for the prediction of radiation therapy efficacy in individual cases of thyroid cancers based on staining for DNA-PKcs in human cancer cell lines. Immunofluorescent staining showed that native DNA-PKcs was localized largely in the cytoplasm and only rarely localized in the nuclei of radiation-resistant thyroid cancer cells, whereas in radiation-sensitive cancer cells a 175-kDa cleaved C-terminal fragment of DNA-PKcs was localized mainly inside the nuclei. Therefore, DNA-PKcs moved to the nucleus after γ-ray irradiation. Our results suggest a new method for classifying human thyroid tumors based on their cellular distribution patterns of DNA-PKcs in combination with their radiosensitivity.
Relativistic accretion disc in tidal disruption events
Authors: Mageshwaran T , Bhattacharyya Sudip 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We construct a time-dependent relativistic accretion model for tidal disruption events (TDEs) with an α-viscosity and the pressure dominated by gas pressure. We also include the mass fallback rate $\dot{M}_\mathrm{ f}$ for both full and partial disruption TDEs, and assume that the infalling debris forms a seed disc in time tc, which evolves due to the mass addition from the infalling debris and the mass-loss via accretion on to the black hole. Besides, we derive an explicit form for the disc height that depends on the angular momentum parameter in the disc. We show that the surface density of the disc increases at an initial time due to mass addition, and then decreases as the mass fallback rate decreases, which results in a decrease in the disc mass Md with a late-time evolution of Md ∝ t−1.05 and t−1.38 for full and partial disruption TDEs, respectively, where t is the time parameter. The bolometric luminosity L shows a rise and decline that follows a power law at late times given by L ∝ t−1.8 and t−2.3 for full and partial disruption TDEs, respectively. Our obtained luminosity declines faster than the luminosity inferred using $L \propto \dot{M}_\mathrm{ f}$. We also compute the light curves in various spectral bands.
A Novel Classification and Its Clinical Significance in Spinal Schwannoma Based on the Membranous Hierarchy
Authors: Xin Zong , Orazmyradov Berdimyrat , Li Junjie , Zhou Qiang , Peng Lin , Li Hong , Chen Lei , Weng Zhijian , Shi Linyong , Ma Liyi , Qi Songtao , Lu Yuntao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Spinal schwannoma is a common benign tumor. However, the high recurrence rate and incidence of surgical complications are unsolved problems.

OBJECTIVE
To propose a morphological classification of spinal schwannoma based on tumor-membrane relationships to increase the gross total resection (GTR) rate and to decrease the incidence of surgical complications.

METHODS
Histological techniques were used to study 7 adult cadavers. Following picrosirius staining, the membranes around the nerve root were observed under a microscope. Data from 101 patients with spinal schwannoma were also collected for clinical analysis.

RESULTS
The sleeve around the spinal nerve root consisted of dura and arachnoid tissues. The space between them gradually narrowed and fused at the proximal pole of the nerve root ganglion. Spinal schwannomas were divided into 4 types based on membranous structure: intrapial (type I), subarachnoidal (type II), intra- and extradural (type III), and extradural growth (type IV). Types II and III were further subdivided into 2 subtypes. GTR was achieved in all patients (100%), with no tumor recurrence during follow-up. Overall functional status significantly improved postoperatively. A total of 59 patients (92%) showed improvement or significant improvement postoperatively. There was no difference in surgical outcomes among the tumor classifications (P = .618). No intraoperative vertebral artery injuries or postoperative cerebrospinal fluid fistula occurred.

CONCLUSION
Spinal schwannoma classification based on a membranous hierarchy provides an intuitive platform for preoperative planning and intraoperative safety. This classification scheme may help surgeons better define surgical goals and anticipate or even avoid complications from resection.