bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Dolomite and Granite Waste Content on The Properties of Artificial Marble
Authors: Abdul Samad H , Abd Rashid R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The main objective of this work is to characterize and investigate the effect of mineral dolomite and granite waste content on the physical and mechanical properties of artificial marble. Five different samples of artificial marble were prepared with different proportions of fillers. In this study, granite waste is used a filler by substitute the dolomite content from 10 wt% to 40 wt%. Test specimens were evaluated for water absorption analysis, flexural, compression and Barcol hardness properties. It is found that the optimum 10 wt% of granite waste in the composition has increase the flexural and compression strength and reduces the water absorption rate, while the substitution of granite waste does not change significantly the Barcol hardness properties.
Comparative Evaluation on the MOE between EN, BS and ASTM of Concrete Containing PET
Authors: Amzar Othman Muhammad , Shahidan Shahiron , Mar Shamsudin Shamrul , Ali Noorwirdawati , Mohd Zuki Sharifah Salwa , Sheikh Khalid Faisal , Mohamed Nazri Fadzli 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The wide use of plastic bottles has led to a drastic increase in the disposal of plastic bottles. Reusing waste plastic bottles in concrete may be beneficial to the environment and help ensure economic viability at the same time. Previous researchers had investigated the application of waste materials in the construction field by using polyethylene terephthalate as one of the solutions to address this environment threat. In this research, the aim of the study is to investigate the modulus of elasticity of concrete material incorporated with polyethylene terephthalate. To achieve the objective of the study, the modulus of elasticity test was conducted to determine the Modulus of Elasticity (MOE). A comparison of MOE between Eurocodes (EC), British Standard (BS) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standards was conducted. At the end of this study, the value of modulus of elasticity resulting from the plastic bottle concrete material was expected to be classified as the same category as common concrete. Besides, the plastic bottle concrete material was also expected to possess similar properties as other conventional materials. Optimistically, the results of this research resulting from the MOE concrete plastic bottles that are not classified as a similar category as conventional concrete recorded a difference of 4.26% to 59.29%. It can be concluded that shred plastic bottles have a lower feasibility and do not have the potential to be used in concrete mixes.
Durability Evaluation of Cement Board produced from Untreated and Pre-treated Empty Fruit Bunch Fibre through Accelerating Ageing
Authors: Peter P , Nik Soh N M Z , Akasah Z A , Mannan M A 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDurability issue known that natural fibre tends to degrades in cementitious matrix particularly when in hot and humid exposure for a period of time. This experimental approach evaluates the potential of EFB cement board’s durability in accelerated ageing condition. Initially, the EFB fibres are pre-treated for 24 hours by being soaked in 1% NaOH solution and oven-dried at 103±2°C. Cement boards of 1300 kg/m3density are fabricated in the laboratory, with 2.5:1:2 ratio of ordinary Portland cement, EFB fibre and water with 3% CaCl2. Accelerated ageing assessment of hot water immersion for 10 days, 30 days and 60 days also wet dry cycle for 5 cycle, 15 cycle and 30 cycle at 70°C temperature are then conducted. The tested samples reveal finding ranges in modulus of rupture (MOR) of 3.98 – 9.11 MPa; modulus of elasticity (MOE) of 1056 – 4699 MPa; internal bonding (IB) of 0.28 – 0.53 MPa and thickness swelling (TS) of 1.66 – 9.25%. In addition, the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) showed degradation mechanism of EFB cement board of before and after the accelerated ageing assessment. Conclusively, the findings showed that, accelerated ageing approach for durability assessment of cement boards could be done in quantifying the durability of samples in shorter time.
The Influence of Moisture Content, pH and Liquid Limit on Electrokinetic-treated Dredged Marine Sediments Stability by using Calcium Chloride as an Enhancement Agent
Authors: Syakeera Nordin Nurul , Chan Chee-Ming 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Reusing the dredged marine sediment (DMS) that was spawned from maintenance dredging work will reduce its disposal effect towards the environment. Furthermore, reusing the DMS could optimize the storage capacity of existing confine disposal facilities (CDF) and can prolonging its lifespan. Treating the DMS with an adequate pre-treatment is the best way to manage this sediment in sustainable solution. The purpose of this research is to study the influence of moisture content (w), pH and liquid limit (LL) towards the DMS’s stability after treated with electrokinetic (EK) method. Stainless steel plate was used as the electrode, while distilled water (DW) and calcium chloride (CaCli) were applied as the enhancement agents. The aforementioned enhancement agents are electrically injected into the DMS which causing flow of the solutions through the pores in DMS under 50 V/m of applied direct current. The EK-treated DMS shows increment in strength and it was influenced by w, pH and LL. The dry zone area was created near the anode and wet zone was created near the cathode. The application of CaCh create a better result in physical properties of DMS compared to pure systems. The EK-treated DMS hence could be reuse as a geomaterial in construction activities. Largely, EK has significantly improve the quality of DMS even though the strength increase observed was not homogeneous throughout the specimen.
Behaviour of Post-Tensioned Kempas Timber Beam with Two Tendon Types
Authors: mushina W , Eng Chuan D Y , mushina j , Abd Ghafar N , Boon K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The post-tensioning technology is commonly used for concrete structures especially bridges. This technology is applied for timber elements in many countries effectively. In Malaysia the timber post-tensioning still not known yet. This research aim to propose the post- tensioning technique for timber beams. The timber type is Malaysian Kempas and the device used to apply the post-tensioning force is hydraulic jack. Three types of specimens were tested using the bending test (four-point bending test) for a simple support beam. two type of specimens are post-tensioned timber beams with black threaded rod bar (PTBR) and post-tensioned timber beams with silver threaded rod bar (PTSR). All the specimens’ length is 1.2meter and the dimension of timber is 90mm x 40mm. The increment of moment capacity of post-tension timber beam compared to the timber beam the moment resistance increment is 1.42 times. The moment resistance of the post-tensioned timber beam had average increment is 27.4% - 31.8%. The other finding is the failure mode of specimens it is changed from brittle tension failure to ductile failure (compression failure) the cause of this behavior is the role of the post-tensioning rods.
Vibration Behaviour of Natural Timber and Timber Concrete Composite Deck System
Authors: Mushina Jalal , Abd Ghafar NorHayati , Yeoh David , Mushina Wissam , Heng Boon Koh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Timber–Concrete Composite (TCC) structure consists of timber joists or beams effectively interconnected to a concrete slab cast on top of the timber members. This type of structures has applications in multi-storey buildings and short-span bridges particularly in developed countries such as America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. In Malaysia, these timber concrete composite (TCC) fields are extremely uncommon compared to European country. This paper is investigated the TCC deck system as a new slab structure element that could be used in Malaysia. The use of TCC deck system with Malaysian Kempas timber and normal weight concrete is advantageous in providing a lighter structure, more sustainable and possibly a smaller foundation. Therefore the main objective of this research is to study the vibration behavior of kempas timber (natural timber) in timber deck and TCC deck by experimental modal testing. The vibration data results were conducted by modal experimental test. Then the model is verified by finite element using SAP 2000 software. The connector type that used is screw in TCC deck. The size of each deck is 3.6m x 0.8m, the thickness of concrete is 65mm and the timber beam unit with dimension 3.6 x 0.09x0.04 m. The specimens of timber and TCC deck were tested using an electrodynamic shaker. The data were analyzed using ME Scope software to determine the natural frequency and mode shape of the timber and TCC deck system. The modal experimental results for all tests were more than 8 Hz, it accepted since the vibration limitation for timber floor is 8 Hz. The TCC deck frequency due to shaker excitation is higher than only timber deck which means that the TCC improve vibration resistance property compared with only timber deck vibration resistance.
Stiffness and Strength Degradation of Timber Concrete Composite under Fatigue Loading
Authors: J.T Yeo Kevin , E.C Yeoh David 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The design of TCC is often associated with Gamma Method to calculate its effective stiffness as its characteristic strength to predict its SLS and ULS behavior. TCC structures used as bridges are subjected to fatigue loadings during service life. Fatigue loadings causes degradation of strength and softening of TCC structure. Such effect produces damaging consequences on the concrete, timber and especially the shear connectors. The effective stiffness degradation of the TCC structure subjected to fatigue loading within SLS and beyond SLS are studied due to scarcity of past researches on the fatigue behavior of TCC structures. This research was carried out by utilizing Malaysian tropical timber (Koompasiamalaccensis) where its strength properties was tested according to ASTM D198 standard procedures. Not much significant changes of its effective stiffness and connection stiffness is observed when subjected to fatigue loadings within SLS but the degradation process occurs at an instantaneous rate when subjected to fatigue loading beyond SLS. The S-N curve, strain profile and post-mortem analysis generated provides a summarization and indicative prediction for the fatigue life behaviour of the designed TCC.
Dynamic Responses of Sandwich Cemboard-Foamed Concrete Panels Subjected to Low-Velocity Impact
Authors: Jaini Z M , Mokhatar S N , Hadipramana J , Abu Seman M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Sandwich cemboard-foamed concrete panel (SCFCP) has sparked the attention due to green and sustainability requirements in construction of building. SCFCP is essentially made of fiber cement board as core component and foamed concrete as outer layers. Shear connectors act as joint mechanism and create compositeness behaviour. However, investigations on SCFCP remains passive, creating a number of uncertainties particularly in dynamic responses. Therefore, this study intends to investigate the dynamic responses of SCFCP under low-velocity impact. Nine cube specimens were prepared using size of 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm, while nine panel specimens were casting using size of 1220 mm x 300 mm x 76 mm. The compression and impact tests were conducted on cube and panel specimens. The compression test revealed that foamed concrete has compressive strength approximately 18 MPa with density of 1600 kg/m3. Under low-impact of 1.39 m/s, it is noticeable that the impact force decreases from 8.41 kN to 6.73 kN in correspond to the spacing of shear connector. Contradictory, the displacement shows sprang off pattern with value between 87.90 mm to 96.50 mm.
Shear Performance of Pretensioned Prestressed Concrete Beam with Steel Fibre
Authors: Ismail Ruqayyah , Dee Goh Lyn , Nadia Nik Hasan Nik Nurul , Ali Rahman Azerai , Ahmad Zakwan Fariz Aswan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The use of steel fibre has proven to be effective in enhancing the performance of concrete structure. However, its application in the prestressed concrete is not fully understood. Therefore, this study presents the application of steel fibre in the prestressed concrete beam. An investigation on the crack pattern and load-deflection relationship of prestressed concrete beam filled with steel fibre was carried out and a comparison is made with the prestressed concrete beam without the steel fibre. A total of three configurations of beams with size of 150 × 200 × 1200 mm were employed. Steel fibres were added with two different volume fractions of 3% and 5%. Experimental results showed that the control beam experienced shear crack pattern, while the other two beams experienced the flexural-shear crack. In comparison between two different percentages of steel fibre in the beam configurations, more cracks were observed in the prestressed beam that filled with 3% steel fibre compared to the prestressed beam filled with 5% of steel fibre.
Strength and Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beam with Artificial Plastic Fibre (APF)
Authors: Mokhatar S N , Mutalib N A N A , Budiea A M A , Kamarudin A F , Md Noh M S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete (RC) in beam structure has captured attention of many researchers. Many past researchers investigated the issue of concrete strength in tensile zone. The present research investigates the effect of waste nylon cable ties fibre that act as an Artificial Plastic Fibres (APF) in normal concrete mix and RC beam element. The concrete strength of 30 MPa have been utilized in this research. The percentage of APF that has been mixed with the concrete paste are 1% and 3%. For strength performance, nine (9) cube specimens and nine (9) cylinder specimens were tested under compressive and splitting tensile test, respectively. In addition, six (6) RC beam specimens were prepared and tested under three points bending test in order to investigate its structural performance. Based on the results, 0%, 1% and 3% of APF in concrete mix produces tensile strength of 1.89 MPa, 3.37 MPa and 2.66 MPa respectively. While, from the compression tests, 50.9 MPa, 47.2 MPa and 24.5 MPa were generated from 0%, 1% and 3% of APF, respectively. From this observations, only 1% of APF was employed in concrete mix to produce RC beam for structural performance investigations. Based on three point bending test, RC beam that consisting 1% of APF produced maximum load about 35.98 kN with 1.8 mm deflection compared with control specimen that can only endured until 27.93 kN of maximum load with 2.37 mm deflection. Further observation reveals that cracking of RC beam consisting 1% of APF reduce and delay the crack formation. Overall, utilization of 1% APF in RC beam successfully improves its strength and structural performance.
Shear Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Square Cross Section Subjected to Biaxial Bending
Authors: Thamrin R , Haris S , Dedi E , Dalmantias E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the test result of an experimental study on the shear strength of reinforced concrete beams subjected to biaxial loads. Six simply supported reinforced concrete beams with square cross section were used. Three beams rotated at 22.5 degrees and three beams rotated at 45 degrees to the applied load were tested until failure. All beams were subjected to four-point bending test. The test variable in this study was ratio of longitudinal reinforcement. The values of flexural crack load, diagonal crack load and the ultimate load were observed during the test as well as the midpoint deflection of the beams. Existing empirical equation for shear strength of concrete presented in design codes was used and then compared to the values obtained from the test. Comparison between test results and theoretical shear capacity show that all of equations conservatively estimated the occurrence of shear failure with the values of the test results 25 to 55% higher than the theoretical values depending on the ratio of longitudinal reinforcement. It was also observed that ratio of longitudinal reinforcement influences the angle of diagonal shear crack.
A study on effectiveness of Building Information Modelling (BIM) on the Malaysian construction industry
Authors: Kong S W R , Lau L T , Wong S Y , Phan D T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The introduction of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Malaysia has been fairly recent and is gaining popularity. Although most literature have been focused on the adoption and application of BIM in Malaysia construction industry, the effectiveness of BIM has not been investigated. This study aims to investigate the influence of BIM on the Malaysian construction industry. A qualitative approach was taken and interviews were conducted with professionals with prior knowledge in both the construction industry and BIM. Information obtained from the interviews was used to identify and categorise the determining factors. It was found that the application of BIM in Malaysian construction industry is somehow not fully effective in terms of time and cost, owing to the absence of standards in modelling and the frequent request for design changes. However, the results also show that BIM in Malaysia has the potential to be as effective as other developed countries if the major problems addressed being solved.
Project Manager’s Skills for improving the performance of complex projects in Kuwait Construction Industry: A Review
Authors: Alshammari Faisal , Yahya Khairulzan , Binti Haron Zaiton 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The role of project manager is one of the crucial factors in achieving project success. Project managers handling large and complex construction projects have to deal with several factors to ensure coordination in achieving project delivery based on time, cost, and quality. However, recently, several large and complex projects in Kuwait s are facing several delays and overrun. According to previous research, the main factors were communication, teamwork & teambuilding, planning & coordination, problem solving, and interpersonal skills. The aim of this paper is to provide a review on project manager’s skills framework (PMSF) that are required in improving complex construction projects in Kuwait. Extensive literature reviews on the project managers skills in the management of the project were identified. It was found that skills such as teamwork, effective communication with staff and contractors, and effective resource management, effective planning and training, risk management are some of the important factor. The findings of this research contribute to exiting literature on developing a project managers skills framework (PMSF) that can be used by academic professional, business practitioners, and policy makers in identifying the issues facing construction projects and providing successful outcomes. Project managers involved in complex projects need to have strong skills to handle their team and every project participant. Project manager has the highest importance and critical to the success of the project. The literature review has indicated several skills that are important for project managers. The type of project determines the type and extend of skills that is required in successful project outcomes.
Benefits For Public Healthcare Buildings towards Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs): Initial Reviews
Authors: Sulzakimin M , Masrom M A N , Hazli R , Adaji A A , Seow TW , Mohd Hilmi Izwan A R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
NZEBs concept has received incrementing attention especially since European Union Parliament are progressively moving towards regulation in which all new buildings to be “nearly Zero-Energy” Buildings by 2020. Even though this concept delivers promising benefits, previous studies found that the benefit of NZEB is still in vague to the Malaysian construction industry, mostly for healthcare buildings. The NZEBs concept implementation is critical in healthcare building as it seen as a key part of the needed transition towards sustainable development. This paper aims to define benefits of NZEBs practices through initial investigation among architects. Several existing energies works of literature and pilot studies by using semi-structured interviews were conducted. The findings divulge that, although the term ‘NZEBs design strategies’ is not being used largely across construction industry in Malaysia, some sustainable practices related to the design stage of construction has been implemented. The findings are also promising in growing awareness, practices and implementation of NZEBs design strategies by the practitioner in Malaysia. It is foreseen that the paper will provide a straightforward knowledge for future research in NZEBs design strategies practices for healthcare buildings construction in Malaysia.
Assessing the Level of Community Involvement in Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction and Current Green Design Practices towards Net-Zero Energy Buildings
Authors: Sulzakimin M , Adaji A A , Roy Hazli A , Mohammad Syabilee N L , Roshartini O , Indera Syahrul M R , Rozlin Z , Ebenehi I Y 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The post-disaster housing reconstruction (PDHR) is a process discrete from the construction of housing when circumstances are undisturbed because sensitive measures are put in place following disasters occurrence. Most of the time, the successfulness of emergency relief efforts are usually recorded but the same cannot be said of PDHR projects because they often fail to meet sustainability factors. These days, the topic of sustainable building has become a leading concern in the academic, construction industries, and governmental agencies. Sustainability in the building sector has shifted emphasis towards a new concept called net-zero energy buildings (NZEBs). Data collection was done through a self-administration of structured questionnaires to 257 flood victims involved in the reconstruction projects. Findings indicated that community involvement in resource mobilisation and reconstruction process was insignificant due to misplacement of reconstruction priorities. This is capable of determining the failure of the project as beneficiaries’ requirements were not considered, and the construction industry is still unaware of NZEBs. This study is vital as stakeholders beginning with flood victims will have a more resilient housing, the government will be updated with robust strategies to solving resourcing and reconstruction issues, and donors will have value for their money.
Vibration Criteria Analysis on Floor due to Human Walking
Authors: Chik T N T , Xian P C , Yusoff N A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The development of concrete material technology and modern structural design pattern in Malaysia may not consider the effect of vibration from seismic and other sources. Floor vibration may affect the serviceability of the structural and also provide uncomfortable environment to occupants. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic analysis on floor at the first floor of Faculty of Technology Management and Business (FPTP) building. The analyses are compared with the vibration criteria guidelines by Gordon (1991) to identify the vibration sensitivity of the floor. The investigation on floor vibration due to people walking is using Finite Element Modelling (FEM) in ANSYS software in order to perform modal analysis and transient analysis. Modal analysis shows the result of the natural frequency of the floor and different mode shapes react with subjected various frequency. The time history of the vibration signal will be performed by transient analysis. Furthermore, the results are transferred to MATLAB software (e.g. VSATs) to assess the vibration criteria curve. The results of the vibration plot show the middle of floor panel and laboratory room are categorized under ISO level. Therefore, it can be concluded that this room is not suitable to accommodate the sensitive equipment particularly at the middle of the floor.