bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Priority Populations Toolkits: Enhancing researcher readiness to work with priority populations
Authors: Rak Kevin , Matthews Alicia K. , Peña Gabriela , Choure Wendy , Ruiz Raymond A. , Morales Sandra , Castillo Amparo , Soo Jackie , Anderson Emily E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences has called for more comprehensive research with priority populations to reduce disparities and for the development of additional resources to assist researchers in implementing these recommendations. Here we report the development and initial evaluation of five Priority Populations Toolkits, which are resources developed by the University of Illinois Center for Clinical and Translational Science to meet these goals. Three aims guide the content: increasing knowledge, facilitating communication, and improving research design. Materials were curated from scientific literature reviews and Internet searches and revised iteratively. Analytics and user surveys provide information about usage. In 22 months, 387 unique users accessed the toolkits. The top reason for usage was to improve research recruitment. Comprehensive toolkits for working with priority populations show promising potential for increasing knowledge and readiness to work with underrepresented populations. Further toolkit development and evaluation of effectiveness are warranted.
Examination of Safety Climate, Affective Organizational Commitment, and Safety Behavior Outcomes Among Fire Service Personnel
Authors: Smith Todd D. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives:This research aims to provide guidance on means to bolster safe and effective emergency response. Safe and effective performance among firefighters is key to protecting firefighters, to ensure mission completion, and to protect the public during emergency response situations. Although some studies have shown the impact of safety climate on firefighter performance, few studies have explored the impact of safety climate on affective organizational commitment and safety behaviors among firefighters, which are critical to more effective emergency response.Methods:Data collected from 349 career firefighters in the southern United States were analyzed by means of structural equation modeling to assess posited relationships in the proposed model.Results:This study confirmed a model that describes the relationships between safety climate, affective organizational commitment, and safety behaviors. Safety climate significantly predicted affective organizational commitment (P < 0.001) and affective organizational commitment was positively associated with both safety compliance (P < 0.001) and safety participation (P < 0.001).Conclusions:This study has implications for researchers and practitioners. Firefighters exhibit positive affective organizational commitment as a result of positive safety climate perceptions. This commitment is then associated with positive safety behavior outcomes, which bolsters personal safety and enhances the likelihood of safe and effective mission completion to protect the public.
Radiocarbon level in the Atmosphere of Ramnicu Valcea, Romania
Authors: Faurescu I , Varlam C , Vagner I , Faurescu D , Bogdan D , Costinel D 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper presents radiocarbon (14C) variations in the atmosphere from Ramnicu Valcea, Romania. The samples were collected in the vicinity of the Experimental Pilot Plant for Tritium and Deuterium Separation (PESTD) from the Institute of the Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies (ICSI) placed about 10 km south from the Ramnicu Valcea city (Romania), in the Govora industrial area. This facility is an experimental project in the national nuclear energy research program, which has the aim of developing technologies for tritium separation from heavy water. It should be noted that in the Govora industrial area operates a 315 MW coal-fired thermoelectric power plant and two chemical plants. In order to determine radiocarbon activity in the atmosphere, samples were collected monthly by absorption of CO2 into sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at Ramnicu Valcea. In addition, control materials (tree leaves, wild vegetation, and grapes), known activity standards, and process blanks (marble) were analyzed. Radiocarbon measurements were performed using the direct absorption method and liquid scintillation counting. The measured Δ14C levels varied between –57‰ and 61‰. The results have a decreasing trend, but due to local influence caused by the continuous production of fossil CO2, we cannot observe Δ14C seasonal variations.
Five salmon dinners per week were not sufficient to prevent the reduction in serum vitamin D in autumn at 60° north latitude: a randomised trial
Authors: Bratlie Marianne , Hagen Ingrid V. , Helland Anita , Midttun Øivind , Ulvik Arve , Rosenlund Grethe , Sveier Harald , Mellgren Gunnar , Ueland Per Magne , Gudbrandsen Oddrun A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLow serum concentrations of several vitamins have been linked to increased risk of diseases including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Fish is a good source of several vitamins, and the prevalence of T2D is low in populations with high fish intake. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of high fish intake on vitamins in serum from adults in autumn in South-Western Norway at 60° north latitude. In this randomised clinical trial, sixty-three healthy participants with overweight/obesity consumed 750 g/week of either cod (n22) or salmon (n22) as five weekly dinners or were instructed to continue their normal eating habits but avoid fish intake (Control group,n19) for 8 weeks. The estimated vitamin D intake was significantly increased in the Salmon group when compared with the Cod group (P= 6·3 × 10−4) and with the Control group (P= 3·5 × 10−6), with no differences between groups for estimated intake of vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, C and E. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3concentration was decreased in all groups after 8 weeks; however, the reduction in the Salmon group was significantly smaller compared with the Cod group (P= 0·013) and the Control group (P= 0·0060). Cod and salmon intake did not affect serum concentrations of the other measured vitamins. The findings suggest that 750 g/week of salmon was not sufficient to prevent a decrease in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3in autumn in South-Western Norway in adults with overweight/obesity.
Effects of peanut meal extracts fermented by Bacillus natto on the growth performance, learning and memory skills and gut microbiota modulation in mice
Authors: Jiang Xiaoyang , Ding Haoyue , Liu Qing , Wei Yuxi , Zhang Yuanjie , Wang Yanping , Lu Yaqian , Ma Aiguo , Li Zichao , Hu Yingfen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that the nutritional properties of peanut meal (PM) can be improved after being fermented. The assessment of fermented PM has been reported to be limited to various physical and chemical evaluations in vitro. In the present study, PM was fermented by Bacillus natto to explore the effects of fermented PM extract (FE) on growth performance, learning and memory ability and intestinal microflora in mice. Ninety newly weaned male Kunming (KM) mice were randomly divided into seven groups: normal group (n 20), low-dose FE group (n 10), middle-dose FE group (MFE) (n 10), high-dose FE group (HFE) (n 20), unfermented extraction group (n 10), model group (10) and natural recovery group (10). Learning and memory skills were performed by the Morris water maze (MWM) test, and the variation in gut microbiota (GM) composition was assessed by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. The results show that HFE remarkably improved the growth performance in mice. In the MWM test, escape latency was shortened in both MFE and HFE groups, while the percentage of time, distance in target quadrant and the number crossing over the platform were significantly increased in the HFE group. Moreover, the FE played a preventive role in the dysbacteriosis of mice induced by antibiotic and increased the richness and species evenness of GM in mice.
HOW A NONASSOCIATIVE ALGEBRA REFLECTS THE PROPERTIES OF A SKEW POLYNOMIAL
Authors: BROWN C. , PUMPLÜN S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLet D be a unital associative division ring and D[t, σ, δ] be a skew polynomial ring, where σ is an endomorphism of D and δ a left σ-derivation. For each f ϵ D[t, σ, δ] of degree m > 1 with a unit as leading coefficient, there exists a unital nonassociative algebra whose behaviour reflects the properties of f. These algebras yield canonical examples of right division algebras when f is irreducible. The structure of their right nucleus depends on the choice of f. In the classical literature, this nucleus appears as the eigenspace of f and is used to investigate the irreducible factors of f. We give necessary and sufficient criteria for skew polynomials of low degree to be irreducible. These yield examples of new division algebras Sf.
Posttraumatic stress disorder and changes in diet quality over 20 years among US women
Authors: Kim Yongjoo , Roberts Andrea L. , Rimm Eric B. , Chibnik Lori B. , Tworoger Shelley S. , Nishimi Kristen M. , Sumner Jennifer A. , Koenen Karestan C. , Kubzansky Laura D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at increased risk of various chronic diseases. One hypothesized pathway is via changes in diet quality. This study evaluated whether PTSD was associated with deterioration in diet quality over time.MethodsData were from 51 965 women in the Nurses' Health Study II PTSD sub-study followed over 20 years. Diet, assessed at 4-year intervals, was characterized via the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI). Based on information from the Brief Trauma Questionnaire and Short Screening Scale for DSM-IV PTSD, trauma/PTSD status was classified as no trauma exposure, prevalent exposure (trauma/PTSD onset before study entry), or new-onset (trauma/PTSD onset during follow-up). We further categorized women with prevalent exposure as having trauma with no PTSD symptoms, trauma with low PTSD symptoms, and trauma with high PTSD symptoms, and created similar categories for women with new-onset exposure, resulting in seven comparison groups. Multivariable linear mixed-effects spline models tested differences in diet quality changes by trauma/PTSD status over follow-up.ResultsOverall, diet quality improved over time regardless of PTSD status. In age-adjusted models, compared to those with no trauma, women with prevalent high PTSD and women with new-onset high PTSD symptoms had 3.3% and 3.6% lower improvement in diet quality, respectively, during follow-up. Associations remained consistent after adjusting for health conditions, sociodemographics, and behavioral characteristics.ConclusionsPTSD is associated with less healthy changes in overall diet quality over time. Poor diet quality may be one pathway linking PTSD with a higher risk of chronic disease development.
Implementation of a Reconfigurable Robot to Achieve Multimodal Locomotion Based on Three Rules of Configuration
Authors: Zhou Faliang , Xu Xiaojun , Xu Haijun , Chang Yukang , Wang Qi , Chen Jinzhou 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARYIn this paper, we focus on the configuration design of a reconfigurable robot that merges the functions of wheels, tracks, and legs together. A deformable rim is utilized to make the robot wheel reconfigurable to change its locomotion mode. Three rules of configuration design to achieve reconfiguration between different modes are proposed: (1) in wheel mode, the track wheel set should be hidden inside the wheel rim; (2) in track/leg mode, the folded wheel rim should be hidden inside the caterpillar loop; (3) the circumference of the wheel rim in wheel mode should be equal to the length of the track ring in track mode. According to these rules, the configuration of the deformable rim, track wheel set, and telescopic spoke are analyzed and designed. A prototype of the reconfigurable wheel is fabricated by three-dimensional printing, and its functions of locomotion in different modes, the switch between different modes, and its load-bearing ability are tested, verifying the effectiveness of the configuration design. Furthermore, a prototype of the reconfigurable robot is manufactured by computerized numerical control (CNC) machining to verify the structural design of the reconfigurable wheel. Compared to traditional hybrid robots with separate wheels, tracks, and legs, this reconfigurable design lends the multimodal robot both excellent terrain adaptability and a compact structure; thus, it can be widely used as a universal mobile platform in search and rescue missions and explosive object disposal missions.
Efficacy of trial-based cognitive therapy, behavioral activation and treatment as usual in the treatment of major depressive disorder: preliminary findings from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hemanny Curt , Carvalho Clara , Maia Nina , Reis Daniela , Botelho Ana Cristina , Bonavides Dagoberto , Seixas Camila , de Oliveira Irismar Reis 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroduction.Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent, debilitating and disabling disorder, and its prevalence is increasing. Antidepressants (AD), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and behavioral activation (BA) are the main treatments for MDD. Trial-based cognitive therapy (TBCT) addresses and restructures dysfunctional negative core beliefs (CBs) and is a novel and promising approach.Objective.The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of TBCT, BA and treatment as usual (TAU) in the treatment of MDD.Methods.A total of 76 patients with MDD were randomized into 1 of 3 groups and evaluated at baseline, after 6 weeks and at week 12 (final evaluation). The primary outcome was changing in HAM-D scores, and the secondary outcomes included scores on the BDI, CD-Quest, Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) and WHOQOL.Results.Both TBCT and BA (which also included AD) were different from TAU (which included antidepressants alone) in reducing the HAM-D and BDI scores and other measures. TBCT and BA were different from TAU in the reduction of disability in SDS and WHOQOL physical domain scores. Besides limited by a small sample size, the dropout rate in the TAU arm was higher, and only 10 patients completed the 3 evaluations.Conclusion.This trial provides evidence that TBCT and BA combined with antidepressants were more efficacious than the TAU (drug alone) in reducing the severity of depressive symptoms and disability, showing that this combination can be useful for clinical practice.
Helium in Stream Water as a Volcanic Monitoring Tool
Authors: Gardner W. Payton , Susong David D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe show that synoptic sampling of streams can be used to characterize volcanic volatiles in groundwater over large spatial scales. Synoptic sampling of dissolved noble gases, 222Rn, major ions, and stream discharge was carried out along a 30 km reach of the Gibbon River, near Norris Geyser Basin in Yellowstone National Park, USA. Groundwater discharge location, volume, and composition were estimated by constrained calibration of a stream flow and solute transport model. Estimated groundwater composition from stream modeling was compared to shallow groundwater concentrations measured in nearby springs. 3He, 222Rn, and Cl
signatures in the Gibbon River are indicative of groundwater discharge with a volcanic signature along the study reach. Stream water noble gas isotopic composition has similar isotopic mixing patterns to springs. The model‐estimated composition of groundwater discharging to the Gibbon agrees well with observed groundwater composition from nearby springs for all modeled analytes. We present the first observations of elevated mantle helium in stream water and show that stream water can be used as a convenient collection point to estimate spatially distributed groundwater composition and to monitor changes in volatile flux over large spatial areas. These results offer the possibility that stream surveys in volcanic terrain could be a new method for distributed volcanic monitoring at the catchment scale and beyond.
Contrasting Regional Soil Alteration Across the Topographic Dichotomy of Mars
Authors: Hood D. R. , Karunatillake S. , Gasnault O. , Williams A. J. , Dutrow B. , Ojha L. , Kobs S. , Kim K. , Heldmann J. , Fralick C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLandscapes on either side of the martian topographic dichotomy bear distinct soil chemistry, but the processes associated with this distinction remain poorly understood. Here, correlation of soil chemistry at global to regional scales is examined with multivariate analysis of Gamma‐Ray Spectrometer chemical maps and the Thermal Emission Spectrometer‐derived Dust Cover Index (DCI). In the analysis, the northern lowlands show a strong S‐Cl correlation, contrasting with the southern highlands, which show a stronger S‐H2O correlation. These observations suggest aqueous interaction with soils throughout the southern highlands, preferentially dissolving Cl compounds and weakening S‐Cl correlation. Strong S‐Cl correlations in the northern lowlands suggest less interaction with aqueous H2O. Additionally, regional analyses demonstrate that DCI does not correlate with volatile chemistry at smaller scales and that Ca may be an important component of volatile‐bearing material. These results provide new evidence for widespread aqueous interaction and possibly alteration of soil in the southern highlands.
Detecting Climate Change Effects on Vb Cyclones in a 50‐Member Single‐Model Ensemble Using Machine Learning
Authors: Mittermeier M. , Braun M. , Hofstätter M. , Wang Y. , Ludwig R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVb cyclones are major drivers of extreme precipitation and floods in the study area of hydrological Bavaria (Germany). When assessing climate change impacts on Vb cyclones, internal variability of the climate system is an important underlying uncertainty. Here, we employ a 50‐member single‐model initial‐condition large ensemble of a regional climate model to study climate variability and forced change on Vb cyclones. An artificial neural network detects cutoff lows over central Europe, which are associated with extreme precipitation Vb cyclones. Thus, machine learning filters the large ensemble prior to cyclone tracking. Our results show a striking change in Vb seasonality with a strong decrease of Vb cyclones in summer (−52%) and a large increase in spring (+73%) under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5. This change exceeds the noise of internal variability and leads to a peak shift from summer to spring. Additionally, we show significant increases in the daily precipitation intensity during Vb cyclones in all seasons.
Structural Transitions in MgSiO3 Glasses and Melts at the Core‐Mantle Boundary Observed via Inelastic X‐ray Scattering
Authors: Kim Yong‐Hyun , Yi Yoo Soo , Kim Hyo‐Im , Chow Paul , Xiao Yuming , Shen Guoyin , Lee Sung Keun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe structural adaptation in MgSiO3 melts under compression up to 130 GPa is the key to revealing the origins of the pronounced negative buoyancy of the melts at the core‐mantle boundary (CMB). A full understanding of the melt densification requires study of the pressure‐induced changes in the bonding configuration around oxygen at the CMB, which has proven to be difficult to measure. Here, the experimental breakthrough in O K‐edge inelastic X‐ray scattering enables collection of the spectra of MgSiO3 glasses up to ~130 GPa, along with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, revealing the electronic bonding transitions around heavily compressed oxygen. The spectral results indicate the emergence of denser network structures around oxygen, stemming from contractions in the Mg‐O and O‐O distances associated with flexible topological and short‐range rearrangements around Si. The results unveil the electronic structure and thus the nature of densification in dense partial melts at the CMB.
Three Different Episodes of Prompt Equatorial Electric Field Perturbations Under Steady Southward IMF Bz During St. Patrick's Day Storm
Authors: Tulasi Ram S. , Nilam B. , Balan N. , Zhang Q. , Shiokawa K. , Chakrabarty D. , Xing Z. , Venkatesh K. , Veenadhari B. , Yoshikawa A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThree different episodes of prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) disturbances are observed during the main phase of the St. Patrick's Day storm on 17 March 2015 under steady southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz conditions unlike the conventional PPEF associated with southward or northward turnings of IMF Bz. These PPEF events took place during the period when strong disturbance dynamo fields are prevailing in the background. The first event is triggered by a solar wind dynamic pressure pulse that caused a sharp eastward PPEF and strong enhancement of equatorial electrojet current in Brazilian dayside. The second event caused another short but strong westward PPEF on dayside due to the reversal of IMF By from duskward to dawnward under steady IMF Bz. The third event caused a longer eastward PPEF in association with a solar wind dynamic pressure pulse followed by the onset of a substorm, which has led to strong enhancement of equatorial electrojet, quick rejuvenation and symmetric redistribution of equatorial ionization anomaly in the Brazilian sector. The signatures of the PPEF with opposite polarity and smaller magnitudes are also observed in the Asian sector on the nightside. The possible mechanisms for the observed PPEF events under steady IMF Bz are discussed in terms of changes in the high‐latitude field‐aligned currents and reconfiguration of high‐latitude convection fields using Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment and Super Dual Auroral Radar Network high‐frequency radar observations.
1‐D, 2‐D, and 3‐D Monte Carlo Ambient Noise Tomography Using a Dense Passive Seismic Array Installed on the North Sea Seabed
Authors: Zhang Xin , Hansteen Fredrik , Curtis Andrew , de Ridder Sjoerd 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn a variety of geoscientific applications we require 3‐D maps of properties of the Earth's interior and the corresponding map of uncertainties to assess their reliability. On the seabed it is common to use Scholte wave dispersion data to infer these maps using inversion‐based imaging theory. Previously we introduced a 3‐D fully nonlinear Monte Carlo tomography method that inverts for shear velocities directly from frequency‐dependent travel time measurements and which improves accuracy of the results and better estimates uncertainties. Here for the first time we apply that method to real data and compare it to two previous methods. We cross correlated 6.5 hr of ambient noise data recorded on a dense seismic array over Grane, North Sea, and observed two Scholte wave modes. For each mode, phase velocity maps are estimated using Eikonal tomography, which are in turn used to study the shear‐wave velocity structure of the subsurface. We applied three nonlinear inversion methods to the Grane data: standard 1‐D depth inversions, a 2‐D joint inversion along a vertical cross section, and a fully 3‐D inversion. We compare the shear‐velocity and uncertainty structures estimated along the same 2‐D cross section. Thus we show that the standard 1‐D inversion method creates significant errors in the results due to the independence of those 1‐D inversions, whereas the 2‐D and 3‐D inversions improve results by accounting for lateral spatial correlations. The 3‐D inversion bypasses the initial seabed Eikonal tomography step, thus avoiding the errors that the initial step introduces into subsequent 1‐D and 2‐D inversions.