bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Site Infections and Post-operative Health: A Cross-sectional Study amongst Surgical Patients in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aleid Abbas Fadeil , Althobaiti Hanan Sulaiman , Alzahrani Mohammed Naif , Almarhabi Mohammed Ali , Shubayli Zakaria Yahya , Albeheiri Latifah Abdulrahman , Alkhmis Zainab Baqer , Alshahrani Abdulaziz Amer , Alkathem Jafar Ali , Alessa Mohammed Yousef 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Surgical site infections (SSIs) represent frequent and significant post-operative complications, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. These infections also have adverse effects on the overall quality of life of affected patients. This research is essential considering the substantial impact of SSIs on healthcare outcomes and resource utilisation, highlighting the need for effective preventive measures as well as to assess the prevalence of SSIs amongst surgical patients in Saudi Arabia and explore the association between SSIs and post-operative morbidity and mortality.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted between January 2023 and August 2023 amongst a cohort of Saudi surgical patients. A comprehensive questionnaire was designed to collect data from 1219 participants. The study population primarily consisted of individuals aged 18–24 years, with a relatively even distribution of gender. The questionnaire focussed on identifying the presence of SSIs and grading the severity of post-operative complications experienced by the participants. Various statistical analyses, including correlation tests, regression models and Chi-square tests, were employed to evaluate the relationship between SSIs and post-operative outcomes.

Results:
The study’s participants included 1219 surgical patients, with the majority falling within the 18–24-year age range (57.1%). The data revealed varying degrees of post-operative complications amongst those who had experienced SSIs. Most notably, a robust and statistically significant association was observed between the presence of SSIs and multiple facets of post-operative mortality.

Conclusions:
The findings of this study shed light on the pressing challenges posed by SSIs within the healthcare landscape of Saudi Arabia. These challenges encompass increased severity of complications, additional medical interventions, extended hospital stays and a notable negative impact on patients’ quality of life. Addressing these issues is paramount not only for enhancing patient care but also for guiding policy formulation and optimising surgical practices in Saudi Arabia. This research underscores the significance of developing and implementing effective strategies to prevent SSIs and improve overall surgical outcomes.
Comparative Analysis of Inpatient and Outpatient Stroke Rehabilitation Programs in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alshakhs Zahra Maroof , Alohali Rema Mohammed , Alshakhs Mohammed Afif , Alanazi Rayan Fahad , Alarifi Ahmad Ibrahim , Alshargi Maryam Atiah , Alkathem Jafar Ali , Alhodibi Mostafa Habeeb 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide. Rehabilitation plays a pivotal role in improving functionality and quality of life for stroke survivors. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the outcomes and implications of inpatient and outpatient stroke rehabilitation programmes in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study recruited 1551 participants from hospitals and clinics across Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire assessing demographics, rehabilitation experiences, functional outcomes, satisfaction levels, cost-effectiveness and impact on daily living. Descriptive analysis characterised the sample. Statistical tests examined associations between variables.

Results:
The sample comprised individuals aged 18–65 years old from diverse educational and employment backgrounds. Participants reported significant functional improvements in mobility, activities of daily living, speech and pain management through the rehabilitation programmes. A statistically significant association was found between programme participation and enhanced functional outcomes. While overall satisfaction levels were positive, concerns emerged regarding scheduling difficulties, financial burdens and disruptions to work/social life. Transportation costs, additional care services and out-of-pocket expenses posed challenges. Over 60% experienced financial hardships and 13.5% deemed rehabilitation not worth the investment.

Conclusion:
The study revealed that inpatient and outpatient stroke rehabilitation programmes in Saudi Arabia effectively improve functional abilities and quality of life. However, concerns were raised about their cost-effectiveness and affordability for some patients. Transportation barriers, high indirect costs and employment impacts require consideration. While the majority found rehabilitation worthwhile, policy efforts should focus on enhancing accessibility, flexibility and financial support structures to promote equitable care. Further research assessing care delivery models, expenses and optimisation strategies can help address current limitations and maximise programme benefits for stroke survivors.
Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Vocal Cord Nodules amongst Professional Voice Users in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alsulami Fahad Awadh Allah , Alshakhs Mohammed Afif , Altaymani Sadeem Ahmed , Ali Khalid Mamdouh , Alqahtani Abdulrahman , Abdo Ahmad , Alfarhoud Retaj Sanad , Alawad Fatema Hani , Alyahya Khalid Abdultaif 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Vocal cord nodules are non-cancerous growths causing hoarseness and raspiness, particularly prevalent amongst professional voice users. Despite their significance, there are limited data on their epidemiology and clinical characteristics in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the prevalence and associated factors of vocal cord nodules amongst this demographic. The study’s objectives are to determine the prevalence of vocal cord nodules amongst professional voice users in Saudi Arabia, investigate associated factors, explore clinical presentations and assess their impact on voice quality and life.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted from July 2023 to September 2023 in Saudi Arabia, the research targeted professional voice users diagnosed with vocal cord nodules who had received treatment. Inclusion criteria were a confirmed diagnosis and treatment history, whereas exclusion criteria involved other significant vocal cord pathologies or cognitive impairments. Data were collected through a specialised questionnaire.

Results:
Findings indicate that regular vocal warm-up exercises lower the risk of vocal cord nodules. A significant correlation (P = 0.006) was observed between the duration of vocal cord usage and nodule prevalence, with <2 h of daily use linked to lower prevalence. However, no significant association (P = 0.504) was found between participation in vocal training and nodule occurrence.

Conclusion:
The study identifies key factors associated with vocal cord nodules in Saudi Arabian professional voice users, highlighting the duration of vocal cord usage as a significant risk factor. These insights are crucial for preventive medicine, emphasising the need for tailored vocal health management strategies.
The impact of nutritional status on treatment-related toxicities in children with embryonal brain tumors: The need for proactive nutritional management
Authors: Prasad Maya , Chheda Ekta C , Vora Tushar , Gupta Tejpal , Chinnaswamy Girish 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Children on treatment for brain tumor are at high risk of malnutrition and have significant treatment-related toxicities. However, the impact of nutritional status on outcome and toxicity is not well understood.

Aim:
The objective of this study of children with embryonal brain tumor treated at our center was to understand the impact of nutritional status on treatment-related toxicities.

Materials and Methods:
We undertook this retrospective audit using a risk-stratified protocol between January 2017 and December 2018. Undernutrition was defined as severe or moderate malnutrition as per the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Nutritional status was assessed, and treatment-related toxicity (TRT) and survival rates were analyzed in relation to nutritional status at diagnosis and follow-up.

Statistical Analysis Used:
IBM SPSS for Windows, Version 24.0.

Results:
In the cohort of 72 patients with embryonal brain tumors, 64% were undernourished (UN) at the start of chemotherapy, and 2.7% were overweight. At the end of chemotherapy, 61% were UN. During the course of chemotherapy, weight gain was documented in 25% and weight loss in 23.8%. Although chemotherapy toxicity and infection were higher in UN children with medulloblastoma, this was not statistically significant. Both overweight children experienced TRT; one relapsed and subsequently died. Nutritional status did not affect survival rates.

Conclusions:
Children with embryonal brain tumor are at high nutritional risk, and undernutrition may worsen treatment-related toxicities. Proactive nutritional monitoring and intervention are needed in settings with a high prevalence of malnutrition and infections.
Comparative evaluation of reinforcing effect of three different intra-orifice barriers on pericervical dentin of endodontically treated teeth: An in vitro study
Authors: Thota Keerthi Sri , Bhavya K. Lakshmi , Sreeha K. , Deshpande Sudhendra , Javvadi Jahnavi , Avina Arjampudi 
Published: December 2024

Aims:
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth using three different intra-orifice barriers.

Settings and Design:
This study was conducted at the department of conservative dentistry and endodontics, an in vitro study.

Subjects and Methods:
Forty freshly extracted single-rooted mandibular bicuspids (n = 40) were decoronated to obtain a 14-mm standard root length and all the canals were enlarged with ProTaper up to size F3 and they were obturated with gutta-percha using AH Plus sealer and randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10). Group I: Control group obturated with gutta-percha only. Groups II, III, and IV had placement of intra-orifice barriers after the removal of 3-mm coronal gutta-percha such that Group II: Ever X posterior; Group III: Beautifil II; and Group IV: Tetric N-Ceram. Mounting of specimens was done in acrylic resin to expose coronal 3 mm and tested using the universal testing machine.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were analyzed for significance by ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test.

Results:
Ever X posterior group showed better fracture resistance and the control group is the least among the groups.

Conclusions:
Placement of intra-orifice barriers significantly improves the fracture resistance compared with the control group.
Comparative evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of N-acetylcysteine, Aegle marmelos, and chitosan as intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm – An in vitro study
Authors: Subiksha Kannan , Jena Amit , Sarangi Priyanka , Mohanty Saumyakanta , Sahoo Sajan , Mallick Rashmi Rekha 
Published: December 2024

Context:
The main objective of root canal treatment is the removal of bacteria. Established medicaments and their combinations have been compromised in efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis, causing the need to explore novel intracanal medicaments.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of chitosan, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and Aegle marmelos as intracanal medicaments against E. faecalis biofilm.

Materials and Methodology:
Minimum inhibitory concentration and susceptibility of medicaments determined. Two hundred and forty dentin disc specimens were prepared and inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days. Samples were divided into four groups (A – N-acetylcysteine; B – Aegle marmelos; C – Chitosan; D –Control) (n = 60), and two subgroups (n = 30) based on the duration of medicament placed (subgroup 1: 24 h, subgroup 2: 7 days). Thereafter, dentinal shavings were retrieved, incubated in agar plate, visible colonies counted, and statistically analyzed.

Results:
At 24 h Group C1 exhibited the lowest CFUs, followed by Group A1, Group B, and Group D1. On the 7th day, Group B2 showed the lowest CFUs, followed by Group A2, Group C2, and Group D2.

Conclusions:
Against E. faecalis, NAC has the highest antimicrobial properties closely followed by Aegle marmelos and both provide promising novel possibilities for use as intracanal medicaments.
Effect of Pharmaceutically Active Antibiotics on Gut Metagenome of Mother and Infant
Authors: Yadav Ruchi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Metagenomics plays a vital role in studying microbial genomes and their implications for human health. The human gut microbiome begins to develop at birth and is shaped by factors such as maternal nutrition and antibiotic exposure. Disruptions in this microbial community can impact an infant’s immune system, metabolism, and susceptibility to various diseases. This research aims to predict the taxonomic and functional profiling of the gut metagenome in mothers and infants exposed to antibiotics. The study utilized gut metagenomic samples retrieved from the European nucleotide archive database under accession number PRJNA698986. Four samples were analyzed, including two maternal gut metagenome samples and two corresponding infant samples. The design focuses on a comprehensive assessment of microbial diversity and functional pathways using advanced bioinformatics for detailed taxonomic classification and functional analysis of the metagenomic data.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Taxonomic analysis was conducted using MetaPhlAn2 to extract and analyze community structure. Functional analysis was performed with HUMAnN2 to evaluate community functions.

RESULTS:
Metagenomic analysis revealed significant differences in microbial communities between infants and their mothers. The infants’ initial gut microbiome exhibited a diverse presence of both bacteria and viruses, whereas maternal samples predominantly contained bacteria, with a minor representation of archaea.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study highlights the impact of antibiotic exposure on the gut metagenome of infants, illustrating distinct differences in microbial community composition compared to mothers. The findings emphasize the need for further research to understand the functional roles of these microbial communities in health and disease.
Synergistic Nutraceutical Effects of Aqueous Extracts from Vernonia amygdalina and Moringa oleifera: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Gastric Ulcer Management
Authors: Kehinde Adedapo Olajide , Ekundina Victor Olukayode , Iyiola Sina , Avwioro Godwin , Enye Linus Anderson 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Gastric ulcers pose a significant health challenge globally, leading to morbidity and impacting quality of life. These ulcers result from the erosion of the gastric lining, compromising its role as the body’s first defense against pathogens. Traditional treatments often come with side effects and high costs, prompting a shift toward herbal remedies as viable nutraceutical options. This study investigates the combined nutraceutical effects of aqueous extracts from Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) and Moringa oleifera (drumstick tree) to evaluate their potential in enhancing gastric mucosal protection.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A total of 35 Wistar rats were assigned to seven groups. The first group served as a control, receiving only standard feed and water, while the remaining groups were administered a single dose of indomethacin (40 mg/kg) to induce gastric ulcers. Following ulcer induction, various treatments were applied, including standard care with omeprazole and different doses of the herbal extracts. After 21 days, the rats were euthanized, and gastric tissues were collected for analysis.

RESULTS:
The study revealed significant healing of the gastric mucosa in rats treated with the combined extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and M. oleifera. Histological examination showed marked restoration of tissue integrity and a reduction in ulcer indices, suggesting a synergistic effect of the two herbs in promoting gastric health.

CONCLUSION:
The findings support the hypothesis that the combination of V. amygdalina and M. oleifera offers a promising dietary therapy for gastric ulcers, highlighting the potential of herbal medicine in strategic healthcare approaches for gastrointestinal disorders.
Characterization of Bacterial Isolates from Various Types of Neonatal Sepsis Cases along with Their Antibiogram Profiling
Authors: Ferdous Khaleda , Sultana Raquiba , Alam Seemi Tasnim , Supti Mahima Hossain , Jabin Tasnim , Tisha Rowson Habiba , Supti Jannatul Ferdose , Sultana Sadiya , Islam Jahidul , Uddin Md. Aftab 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Neonatal sepsis is one of the most common causes of mortality in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). There are regional differences in the range of pathogens that cause newborn sepsis within developing nations. In order to effectively treat neonatal sepsis, one must be aware of the bacterial agents and their pattern of antibiotic susceptibility.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a cross-sectional observational study in which samples were collected from the NICU of a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, between the periods of February 2023 to December 2023.

RESULTS:
The study showed that among the 100 neonates, 52% were positive culture while 48% were negative. Male neonates were higher in ratio than female neonates, while the result was vice versa for the negative group. Both preterm (Group 1) and term (Group 2) neonates were infected mostly by Gram-negative Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Highest susceptibility of the bacterial isolates was observed against Colistin, Klarcid, Tigecyclin, Kacin, Tazocilin, and Vancomycin. However, antibiotic Polymixin B was not an appropriate choice for both groups of neonates as the organisms showed the highest resistance pattern against this antibiotic.

CONCLUSION:
The study found that a significant portion of the bacterial isolates causing neonatal sepsis was found to be multidrug-resistant, showing the need for developing a proper antibiotic prescribing policy and its effective implementation could be a milestone for bringing a revolution in combatting the field of antibiotic resistance.
Vaginal Yeast Infections: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Mishra Vaishnavi H. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Vaginal yeast infection, or vaginal candidiasis, is a common condition caused by the overgrowth of the yeast Candida albicans. Approximately 75% of women will experience at least one episode in their lifetime. Candida species, especially C. albicans, typically exist as part of the normal vaginal flora but can proliferate due to various triggers, such as antibiotic use, hormonal changes, or weakened immune systems. The infection presents with symptoms such as itching, burning, white discharge resembling cottage cheese, and discomfort during sexual intercourse. Diagnosis typically involves a pelvic examination, and treatment ranges from over-the-counter antifungal creams to prescription medications like fluconazole. Home remedies, such as applying yogurt or using probiotics, have gained popularity, though their efficacy is not consistently supported by clinical evidence. The potential complications of untreated infections include recurrent episodes, pelvic inflammatory disease, and in rare cases, increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections. Effective prevention strategies include avoiding douching, wearing breathable cotton underwear, and maintaining balanced vaginal flora. This communication focuses on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures for vaginal yeast infection, emphasizing the need for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment to prevent recurrence and complications.
Toxoplasma Gondii: Examining Lifecycle, Risk Factors, and Strategies for Public Health Management
Authors: Mishra Vaishnavi H. , Tiwari Anjali P 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii, is a facultatively heteroxenous, polyxenous protozoon that has developed several potential transmission routes within and between different host species. The opportunistic protozoan T. gondii is the primary cause of toxoplasmosis, a disease that affects humans and most other mammals. The gundis reside in the foothills and mountains of southern Tunisia and were frequently used to investigate Leishmania at the Pasteur Institute in Tunis. T. gondii infection can have varying impacts on human health, depending on factors such as the individual’s immune status and the strain of the parasite. Pregnant women are uniquely vulnerable to T. gondii infection, as the parasite can traverse the placental barrier and infect the developing foetus, leading to congenital toxoplasmosis. Preventing T. gondii infection in animals is multifaceted and involves measures that target intermediate and definitive hosts. Collaboration among healthcare professionals, veterinarians, and public health authorities is important to reducing the global burden of toxoplasmosis.
1. Study designs for making most of the limited resources
Authors: Indrayan A 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Medical research is costly and requires significant effort. While intracellular research hardly follows a formal design, most data-based studies require a structural approach for optimal utilization of resources. Depending on the study’s objectives and available resources, as well as the aim to obtain valid and reliable results, the design may be descriptive, employing specific sampling strategies, or analytical, exploring antecedent-outcome relationships. Analytical studies often involve designs such as randomization and blinding in clinical trials, and may use prospective, retrospective, or cross-sectional designs in observational studies. This first article in the series on biostatistics methods specifies the essential features of each design and describes the contexts in which they are most appropriate.
Gambaran Sifat Sensori dan Nilai Gizi Donat dengan Penggunaan Berbagai Jenis Gula
Authors: Marlin Fitri Selly Desi Yanti , Abadi Ellyani , Ananda Siti Hadrayanti 
Published: December 2024

Donat merupakan pangan jenis bakery dimana memiliki bentuk cincin dengan lubang ditengahnya atau biasanya memiliki bentuk bundar di dalamnya terdapat isian yang memiliki rasa manis seperti krim atau selai. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif, Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan memberikan 3 jenis perlakuan penggunaan gula pada pembuatan donat, yaitu T1 = fruktosa (rose brand cair) 100 ml, T2 = sukrosa (gulaku) 100 gr, T3 = Madu (madurasa murni) 100 ml. Untuk Sampelnya 23 siswa/siswi kelas VII pada SMPN 10 Kendari yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan total sampling. Variabel yang diteliti terdiri dari variabel terikat yaitu uji kadar karbohidrat dan lemak dan variabel bebas yaitu uji hedonik. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan adalah teknik deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan persentase. Hasil penelitian tingkat kesukaan panelis pada donat kriteria rasa yaitu T1 86,9%, warna T2 86,9%, aroma T1 dan T2 73,9%, sedangkan tekstur T2 nilai 78,2%. Kandungan gizi donat yaitu T2 Karbohidrat sebesar 53.27% sedangkan T2 Lemak sebesar 28.1%. Simpulan ada perbedaan dari donat dengan tingkat berdasarkan atribut rasa. Untuk tingkat kesukaan panelis menyukai produk donat T1 dari segi rasa, warna, aroma dan tekstur. Sedangkan segi tekstur lebih menyukai T2. Untuk kandungan gizi donat yaitu T2 Karbohidrat 53.27%, T2 Lemak 28.1%.