bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planet gap opening across stellar masses
Authors: Sinclair Catriona A , Rosotti Giovanni P , Juhasz Attila , Clarke Cathie J 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Annular structures in protoplanetary discs, such as gaps and rings, are now ubiquitously found by high-resolution Atacama Large Millimetre Array observations. Under the hypothesis that they are opened by planets, in this paper we investigate how the minimum planet mass needed to open a gap varies across different stellar host masses and distances from the star. The dependence on the stellar host mass is particularly interesting because, at least in principle, gap opening around low-mass stars should be possible for lower mass planets, giving us a look into the young, low-mass planet population. Using dusty hydrodynamical simulations, we find however the opposite behaviour, as a result of the fact that discs around low-mass stars are geometrically thicker: gap opening around low-mass stars can require more massive planets. Depending on the theoretical isochrone employed to predict the relationship between stellar mass and luminosity, the gap opening planet mass could also be independent of stellar mass, but in no case we find that gap opening becomes easier around low-mass stars. This would lead to the expectation of a lower incidence of such structures in lower mass stars, since exoplanet surveys show that low-mass stars have a lower fraction of giant planets. More generally, our study enables future imaging observations as a function of stellar mass to be interpreted using information on the mass versus luminosity relations of the observed samples.
Chaotic cold accretion in giant elliptical galaxies heated by AGN cosmic rays
Authors: Wang Chaoran , Ruszkowski Mateusz , Yang H-Y Karen 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Black hole feedback plays a central role in shaping the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of elliptical galaxies. We systematically study the impact of plasma physics on the evolution of ellipticals by performing three-dimensional non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the interactions of active galactic nucleus (AGN) jets with the CGM including magnetic fields, and cosmic rays (CRs) and their transport processes. We find that the physics of feedback operating on large galactic scales depends very sensitively on plasma physics operating on small scales. Specifically, we demonstrate that (i) in the purely hydrodynamical case, the AGN jets initially maintain the atmospheres in global thermal balance. However, local thermal instability generically leads to the formation of massive cold discs in the vicinity of the central black hole in disagreement with observations; (ii) including weak magnetic fields prevents the formation of the discs because local B-field amplification in the precipitating cold gas leads to strong magnetic breaking, which quickly extracts angular momentum from the accreting clouds. The magnetic fields transform the cold clouds into narrow filaments that do not fall ballistically; (iii) when plasma composition in the AGN jets is dominated by CRs, and CR transport is neglected, the atmospheres exhibit cooling catastrophes due to inefficient heat transfer from the AGN to CGM despite Coulomb/hadronic CR losses being present; (iv) including CR streaming and heating restores agreement with the observations, i.e. cooling catastrophes are prevented and massive cold central discs do not form. The AGN power is reduced as its energy is utilized efficiently.
Quantitative analysis of transcription factor binding and expression using calling cards reporter arrays
Authors: Liu Jiayue , Shively Christian A , Mitra Robi D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We report a tool, Calling Cards Reporter Arrays (CCRA), that measures transcription factor (TF) binding and the consequences on gene expression for hundreds of synthetic promoters in yeast. Using Cbf1p and MAX, we demonstrate that the CCRA method is able to detect small changes in binding free energy with a sensitivity comparable to in vitro methods, enabling the measurement of energy landscapes in vivo. We then demonstrate the quantitative analysis of cooperative interactions by measuring Cbf1p binding at synthetic promoters with multiple sites. We find that the cooperativity between Cbf1p dimers varies sinusoidally with a period of 10.65 bp and energetic cost of 1.37 KBT for sites that are positioned ‘out of phase’. Finally, we characterize the binding and expression of a group of TFs, Tye7p, Gcr1p and Gcr2p, that act together as a ‘TF collective’, an important but poorly characterized model of TF cooperativity. We demonstrate that Tye7p often binds promoters without its recognition site because it is recruited by other collective members, whereas these other members require their recognition sites, suggesting a hierarchy where these factors recruit Tye7p but not vice versa. Our experiments establish CCRA as a useful tool for quantitative investigations into TF binding and function.
Capturing RNA–protein interaction via CRUIS
Authors: Zhang Ziheng , Sun Weiping , Shi Tiezhu , Lu Pengfei , Zhuang Min , Liu Ji-Long 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
No RNA is completely naked from birth to death. RNAs function with and are regulated by a range of proteins that bind to them. Therefore, the development of innovative methods for studying RNA–protein interactions is very important. Here, we developed a new tool, the CRISPR-based RNA-United Interacting System (CRUIS), which captures RNA–protein interactions in living cells by combining the power of CRISPR and PUP-IT, a novel proximity targeting system. In CRUIS, dCas13a is used as a tracker to target specific RNAs, while proximity enzyme PafA is fused to dCas13a to label the surrounding RNA-binding proteins, which are then identified by mass spectrometry. To identify the efficiency of CRUIS, we employed NORAD (Noncoding RNA activated by DNA damage) as a target, and the results show that a similar interactome profile of NORAD can be obtained as by using CLIP (crosslinking and immunoprecipitation)-based methods. Importantly, several novel NORAD RNA-binding proteins were also identified by CRUIS. The use of CRUIS facilitates the study of RNA–protein interactions in their natural environment, and provides new insights into RNA biology.
Genetic identification of the functional surface for RNA binding by Escherichia coli ProQ
Authors: Pandey Smriti , Gravel Chandra M , Stockert Oliver M , Wang Clara D , Hegner Courtney L , LeBlanc Hannah , Berry Katherine E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The FinO-domain-protein ProQ is an RNA-binding protein that has been known to play a role in osmoregulation in proteobacteria. Recently, ProQ has been shown to act as a global RNA-binding protein in Salmonella and Escherichia coli, binding to dozens of small RNAs (sRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to regulate mRNA-expression levels through interactions with both 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs). Despite excitement around ProQ as a novel global RNA-binding protein, and its potential to serve as a matchmaking RNA chaperone, significant gaps remain in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms ProQ uses to interact with RNA. In order to apply the tools of molecular genetics to this question, we have adapted a bacterial three-hybrid (B3H) assay to detect ProQ’s interactions with target RNAs. Using domain truncations, site-directed mutagenesis and an unbiased forward genetic screen, we have identified a group of highly conserved residues on ProQ’s NTD as the primary face for in vivo recognition of two RNAs, and propose that the NTD structure serves as an electrostatic scaffold to recognize the shape of an RNA duplex.
Revascularization of the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Using the Occipital Artery: A Cadaveric Study Comparing the p3 and p1 Recipient Sites
Authors: Nisson Peyton L , Ding Xinmin , Tayebi Meybodi Ali , Palsma Ryan , Benet Arnau , Lawton Michael T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Revascularization of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is typically performed with the occipital artery (OA) as an extracranial donor. The p3 segment is the most accessible recipient site for OA-PICA bypass at its caudal loop inferior to the cerebellar tonsil, but this site may be absent or hidden due to a high-riding location.

OBJECTIVE
To test our hypothesis that freeing p1 PICA from its origin, transposing the recipient into a shallower position, and performing OA-p1 PICA bypass with an end-to-end anastomosis would facilitate this bypass.

METHODS
The OA was harvested, and a far lateral craniotomy was performed in 16 cadaveric specimens. PICA caliber and number of perforators were measured at p1 and p3 segments. OA-p3 PICA end-to-side and OA-p1 PICA end-to-end bypasses were compared.

RESULTS
OA-p1 PICA bypass with end-to-end anastomosis was performed in 16 specimens; whereas, OA-p3 PICA bypass with end-to-side anastomosis was performed in 11. Mean distance from OA at the occipital groove to the anastomosis site was shorter for p1 than p3 segments (30.2 vs 48.5 mm; P < .001). Median number of perforators on p1 was 1, and on p3, it was 4 (P < .001).

CONCLUSION
Although most OA-PICA bypasses can be performed using the p3 segment as the recipient site for an end-to-side anastomosis, a more feasible alternative to conventional OA-p3 PICA bypass in cases of high-riding caudal loops or aberrant anatomy is to free the p1 PICA, transpose it away from the lower cranial nerves, and perform an end-to-end OA-p1 PICA bypass instead.
ARGONAUTE5 Represses Age-Dependent Induction of Flowering through Physical and Functional Interaction with miR156 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Roussin-L�veill�e Charles , Silva-Martins Guilherme , Moffett Peter 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Flowering time is a finely tuned process in plants, in part controlled by the age-regulated microRNA156 (miR156), which functions by suppressing the transcripts of SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING LIKE (SPL) transcription factors. ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins are essential effectors of miRNA-mediated gene regulation. However, which AGO(s) mediate(s) the control of flowering time remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate a role of AGO5 in controlling flowering time by modulating the expression of SPL transcription factors. We show that AGO5 interacts physically and functionally with miR156 and that ago5 mutants present an early flowering phenotype in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, in ago5 mutants, the repression of flowering caused by miR156 overexpression is largely reversed, whereas leaf morphology remains unaffected. Our results thus indicate a specific role for AGO5 in mediating miR156 activity in meristematic, but not vegetative, tissue. As such, our data suggest a spatiotemporal regulation of the miR156 aging pathway mediated through different AGO proteins in different tissues.
Microalgal Target of Rapamycin (TOR): A Central Regulatory Hub for Growth, Stress Response and Biomass Production
Authors: Pancha Imran , Chokshi Kaumeel , Tanaka Kan , Imamura Sousuke 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Target of rapamycin (TOR) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase that plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth and the sensing of nutrient and energy status in eukaryotes. In yeasts and mammals, the roles of TOR have been very well described and various functions of TOR signaling in plant lineages have also been revealed over the past 20 years. In the case of microalgae, the functions of TOR have been primarily studied in the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and were summarized in an earlier single review article. However, the recent development of tools for the functional analysis of TOR has helped to reveal the involvement of TOR in various functions, including autophagy, transcription, translation, accumulation of energy storage molecules, etc., in microalgae. In the present review, we discuss recent novel findings relating to TOR signaling and its roles in microalgae along with relevant information on land plants and also provide details of topics that must be addressed in future studies to reveal how TOR regulates various physiological functions in microalgae.
Metabolomic profiling reveals serum L-pyroglutamic acid as a potential diagnostic biomarker for systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Li Xin , Yin Xiaofeng , Wang Haifang , Fu Chen , Wang Hongxia , Li Kaifei , Li Yao , Zhang Xiaohe , Liang Huijun , Li Kui , Li Haixia , Qiu Yurong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective
The spectrum of clinical manifestations and serological phenomena of SLE is heterogeneous among patients and even changes over time unpredictably in individual patients. For this reason, clinical diagnosis especially in complicated or atypical cases is often difficult or delayed leading to poor prognosis. Despite the medical progress nowadays in the understanding of SLE pathogenesis, disease-specific biomarkers for SLE remain an outstanding challenge. Therefore, we undertook this study to investigate potential biomarkers for SLE diagnosis.

Methods
Serum samples from 32 patients with SLE and 25 gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) were analysed by metabolic profiling based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry metabolomics platform. The further validation for the potential biomarker was performed in an independent set consisting of 36 SLE patients and 30 HCs.

Results
The metabolite profiles of serum samples allowed differentiation of SLE patients from HCs. The levels of arachidonic acid, sphingomyelin (SM) 24:1, monoacylglycerol (MG) 17:0, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine (lysoPE) 18:0, lysoPE 16:0, lysophosphatidyl choline (lysoPC) 20:0, lysoPC 18:0 and adenosine were significantly decreased in SLE patients, and the MG 20:2 and L-pyroglutamic acid were significantly increased in SLE group. In addition, L-pyroglutamic acid achieved an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.955 with high sensitivity (97.22%) and specificity (83.33%) at the cut-off of 61.54 μM in the further targeted metabolism, indicating diagnostic potential.

Conclusion
Serum metabolic profiling is differential between SLE patients and HCs and depicts increased L-pyroglutamic acid as a promising bitformatomarker for SLE.
Fiduciary management of a social media account
Authors: Nekit Kateryna 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article analyzes the concept and legal nature of social media accounts to explore whether these can become the object of fiduciary management. It examines the essence of a social media account and reveals the possibility of equating it to a kind of property. The article focuses on the possibility of inheriting a social media account. This takes into account approaches in various countries to the problem of determination of the post-mortem fate of digital assets, which shows a unified tendency to consider social media accounts as part of the estate transferred to the heir. The legal requirements on fiduciary management of a social media account considering its specifications are revealed.
Incidence, Causes, and Correlates of Maternal Near-miss Morbidity: A Multicentre Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Oppong S.A. , Bakari A. , Bell A.J. , Bockarie Y. , Adu J.A. , Turpin C.A. , Obed S.A. , Adanu R.M. , Moyer C.A. 
Published: February 2020

(BJOG. 2019;126:755–762)
In 2015, the maternal mortality ratio in Ghana was 350 deaths per 100,000 live births, nearly twice the target of <185 per 100,000 live births. As the maternal mortality ratio drops, the near-miss morbidity may become an important measure of quality of care. The incidence of maternal near-misses is unknown but has been estimated to outnumber maternal mortality at an approximate ratio of 3:1. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of maternal near-miss morbidity as well as the near-miss to mortality ratio, while identifying potential causes and associated factors of maternal near-miss morbidity.
Virtual Reality Analgesia in Labor: The VRAIL Pilot Study—A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial Suggesting Benefit of Immersive Virtual Reality Analgesia in Unmedicated Laboring Women
Authors: Frey D.P. , Bauer M.E. , Bell C.L. , Low L.K. , Hassett A.L. , Cassidy R.B. , Boyer K.D. , Sharar S.R. 
Published: February 2020

(Anesth Analg. 2019;128(6):e93–e96)
Pain management during childbirth has long been the focus of many researchers in the anesthesiology field, as an estimated 60% of laboring women receive neuraxial analgesia for their pain. Because epidural analgesia can have multiple side effects, some women elect to have an unmedicated birth either independently or with medical therapies. One option for unmedicated labor assistance is immersive virtual reality (VR) distraction to provide a pleasant environment for the patient as well as a diversion from labor pain. Current technological advances have made VR more accessible than in previous years, and this study aimed to analyze the efficacy of immersive VR analgesia as a labor pain treatment. The investigators intended to discover if VR distraction would result in significantly reduced pain scores for unmedicated labor compared with patients with no VR distraction, as well as examine potential benefits in regards to pain management, anxiety, nausea, and patient satisfaction.
The Incidence and Management Trends of Metastatic Spinal Tumors in South Korea
Authors: Choi Sung Hoon , Koo Ja Wook , Choe DaeHyun , Kang Chang-Nam 
Published: February 2020

Study Design.
Population-based study. From 2008 to 2017, data from the national database of the Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service were analyzed. The national insurance system and all medical expense bill data of the entire population are included in the database.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to elucidate the incidence and management trends of metastatic spinal tumors in South Korea.

Summary of Background Data.
The spine is the most common location of bone metastases. However, population-based studies in this topic are limited.

Methods.
The International Classification of Disease, 10th revision, medical behavior, and examination codes were used to identify the incidence and management trends of metastatic spinal tumors. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used in statistical analysis.

Results.
Overall, 38,007 patients (average age, 61 years) diagnosed with metastatic spinal tumors were analyzed. Metastatic tumors were most common in patients in their 60s (25.7%). The 10-year incidence of spinal metastases in South Korea was 6.68 cases per 100,000 population. The age-adjusted incidence per 100,000 population decreased from 8.16 cases in 2008 to 6.18 in 2017 (P = 0.03). Sex-adjusted incidence rates in men increased from 8.60 per 100,000 persons in 2008 to 8.70 in 2017 (P < 0.001); those of women decreased from 8.20 per 100,000 persons in 2008 to 4.15 in 2017 (P < 0.05). The most common primary tumor site was the lung (26.9%), followed by the breast (16.9%), prostate (10.8%), and liver (8.1%). Radiation therapy was constant at about 3500 cases per annum (P = 0.62); surgical treatment increased from 1158 to 1382 cases (P < 0.001). Resection and instrumentation surgeries increased significantly (P < 0.001), whereas cementation decreased continuously. Total healthcare costs increased significantly from $19,925,296 in 2008 to $30,268,217 in 2017 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion.
The incidence of metastatic spinal tumors decreased in South Korea. Resection and instrumentation procedures increased, and total healthcare costs increased rapidly.

Level of Evidence: 3
Early Surgical Decompression Ameliorates Dysfunction of Spinal Motor Neuron in Patients With Acute Traumatic Central Cord Syndrome
Authors: Zheng Chaojun , Yu Qifeng , Shan Xueli , Zhu Yu , Lyu Feizhou , Ma Xiaosheng , Zhou Shuyi , Jiang Jianyuan 
Published: February 2020

Study Design.
An ambispective cohort analysis.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of early (≤2 weeks) versus delayed (>2 weeks) surgical intervention on the spinal motor neurons at and distal to injury site in acute traumatic central cord syndrome (ATCCS).

Summary of Background Data.
Accumulating evidence demonstrated degeneration in distal lower motor neurons (LMNs) following spinal cord injury, and this secondary degeneration may exacerbate motor impairments and limit spontaneous motor recovery. However, few studies involved this pathological process in ATCCS.

Methods.
Motor unit number estimation (MUNE) was performed on both abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and extensor digitorum brevis (EDB) in 69 ATCCS patients (early vs. delayed surgical-treatment: 29 vs. 35) and 42 healthy subjects. All patients were assessed by American spinal injury association and Medical Research Council scales. These examinations and disabilities of arm, shoulder, and hand (c) questionnaire were administered approximately 21 months after operation in 65 of these patients.

Results.
Preoperatively, MUNE values were lower in cervical-innervated muscles of ATCCS patients than in those of controls, and reduced motor units were observed in lumbosacral-innervated muscles in ATCCS patients with preoperative duration over 6 months (P < 0.05). Increased motor unit size without modification of MUNE values was found in delayed-surgical patients, whereas early-surgical patients mainly showed increased MUNE values in tested muscles between two assessments (P < 0.05). The postoperative follow-up analysis identified larger motor unit size and relatively fewer motor units in tested muscles, as well as higher DASH scores, in delayed-surgical patients than in early-surgical patients (P < 0.05).

Conclusion.
ATCCS has adverse downstream effects on the LMNs distal to injury site. Surgical intervention within 2 weeks after injury in ATCCS patients may be beneficial in ameliorating dysfunction of spinal motor neurons at and distal to injury site, reducing secondary motor neuron loss, and eventually improving neurologic outcomes.

Level of Evidence: 3