bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in working memory influence the transition from reactive to proactive cognitive control during childhood
Authors: Troller‐Renfree Sonya V. , Buzzell George A. , Fox Nathan A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCognitive control develops rapidly over the first decade of life, with one of the dominant changes being a transition from reliance on ‘as‐needed’ control (reactive control) to a more planful, sustained form of control (proactive control). Although the emergence of proactive control is important for mature behavior, we know little about how this transition takes place, the neural correlates of this transition, and whether development of executive functions influences the ability to adopt a proactive control strategy. This study addresses these questions, focusing on the transition from reactive to proactive control in a cross‐sectional sample of 79 children—forty‐one 5‐year‐olds and thirty‐eight 9‐year‐olds. Children completed an adapted version of the AX‐Continuous Performance Task while electroencephalography was recorded and a standardized executive function battery was administered. Results revealed 5‐year‐olds predominantly employed reactive strategies, whereas 9‐year‐olds used proactive strategies. Use of proactive control was predicted by working memory ability, above and beyond other executive functions. Moreover, when enacting proactive control, greater increases in neural activity underlying working memory updating were observed; links between working memory ability and proactive control strategy use were mediated by such neural activity. These results provide convergent evidence that the transition from reactive to proactive control may be dependent on age‐related changes in neurocognitive indices of working memory and that working memory may influence adopting a proactive control strategy.
Sex‐based differences in fatty acid composition of adult walleye
Authors: Johnston Thomas A. , Wiegand Murray D. , Szmadyla Robin L. , Porteous Lindsay R. , Casselman John M. , Leggett William C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDifferences in reproductive strategies of male and female fishes are presumably accompanied by differences in nutrient allocation and predicted to lead to divergence in body composition between the sexes. We compared patterns of variation in fatty acid profiles of lipids extracted from ova, liver, muscle and visceral fat between mature male and female walleye (Sander vitreus) sampled from two wild spawning stocks. Fatty acid profiles differed significantly among body tissues in both males and females, with the strongest contrast between muscle and visceral fat. Significant differences in fatty acid composition between the sexes were found in liver, muscle and visceral fat tissues. Variation among sexes and populations was greater in liver than in the other tissues. Female livers had lower relative abundances of palmitic acid (PA, 16:0) and oleic acid (OA, 18:1(n‐9)), and higher relative abundances of arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4(n‐6)), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5(n‐3)) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6(n‐3)) compared to male livers. In addition, female muscle had higher relative abundance of OA and lower relative abundance of DHA compared to male muscle. Our results illustrate the differential effects of reproductive demands on the biochemical composition of males and females and have implications for the analysis of fatty acid profiles in studies of wild fish populations.
Haliotis tuberculata, a generalist marine herbivore that prefers a mixed diet, but with consistent individual foraging activity
Authors: Roussel Sabine , Poitevin Pierre , Day Robert , Le Grand Fabienne , Stiger‐Pouvreau Valérie , Leblanc Catherine , Huchette Sylvain 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhile population foraging behaviour of herbivores has been extensively studied, individual choice is still poorly understood. Very few studies have focused on the individual consistency of foraging behaviour in marine herbivores. Because marine ectotherms are strongly influenced by their environment and because a mixed diet is appropriate for herbivores, we hypothesized that Haliotis tuberculata, a large marine gastropod, would not exhibit significant individual consistency in foraging activity and would display generalist food choices. To test these hypotheses, the behaviour of 120 abalone was studied using a choice test of eight macroalgal species over 3 weeks, with video recording 24 hr a day. In addition, primary components, secondary metabolites and toughness of the eight algae were measured. At the population level, food choice was mainly related to the protein composition and the toughness of the macroalgae. We found that H. tuberculata is a generalist species feeding on a variety of algae (IS = 0.64), even if 21% of the individuals can be considered to be specialists. However, in contrast to our hypothesis, highly consistent between‐individual variation was observed in foraging activity (ICC = 0.81 for time spent feeding and ICC = 0.74 for number of feeding visits per day). The high individual consistency of foraging activity has some ecological and evolutionary implications currently not understood for this marine herbivore.
Navigating netnography: A guide for the accounting researcher
Authors: Jeacle Ingrid 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNetnography (Kozinets) is a new research method that has become increasingly popular within the social sciences. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the accounting scholar to this new methodology and suggest its role in researching issues of accountability. The paper first advocates the significance of the online world as a research site for the accounting scholar and provides a review of the extant accounting literature that has used the internet as a data source. It then summarizes the key components of netnography and reviews the recent scholarship in qualitative accounting that has used this new methodology. Opportunities for future research are subsequently discussed. In particular, the paper promotes the use of netnography for furthering an understanding of accountability, whether that be in private, public, or nonprofit organizations. Advances in technology have created new forms of engagement between corporates and stakeholders and between government and citizens. It has launched new arenas to complain and voice opinion and a plethora of new performance metrics. Netnography offers scholars the methodological tools to research such new modes of accountability in the digital age.
Comparing the effects of direct and indirect synchronous written corrective feedback: Learning outcomes and students' perceptions
Authors: Kim YouJin , Choi Bumyong , Kang Sanghee , Kim Binna , Yun Hyunae 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFrom a sociocultural perspective, collaborative writing tasks offer opportunities to negotiate in decision‐making processes while also sharing responsibility for the production of a single text (Storch, 2013, Collaborative writing in L2 classrooms. Bristol: Multilingual Matters). Although research has found benefits for such tasks (Storch, 2019, Lang Teach, 52, 40–59; Taguchi & Kim, 2016, Appl Linguist, 37, 416–437), variation in how different types of synchronous written corrective feedback (SWCF) in such a setting impacts students' language learning and their perception of SWCF has not been examined. This study compares the role of direct and indirect SWCF during collaborative writing tasks on the learning of Korean among high beginning‐level students. The study was conducted during an existing beginning level Korean course and focused on three textbook units over 6 weeks. Fifty‐three learners of Korean were assigned to one of three conditions: no feedback, indirect SWCF, or direct SWCF. All students completed a pretest, two collaborative writing tasks, a posttest, and a survey for each unit. At the end of the third unit, students in the feedback groups also participated in an exit interview session. The study targeted a total of 12 linguistic features (e.g., auxiliary verbs), which were the focus of the three textbook units. The amount of feedback and students' responses to the feedback were analyzed in terms of the accuracy of resolution on their writing. Students' learning of these linguistic features was measured using written production tests, and their responses were coded for suppliance of target forms and accurate production of them. Our findings indicate that direct SWCF was more useful in helping students produce accurate writing, but both feedback types were effective in promoting learning of new linguistic features through collaborative writing. In terms of students' perceptions, there seemed to be no difference between the two feedback conditions. The findings of the study are discussed in light of effective ways to implement collaborative writing tasks as well as the provision of SWCF.
Antidepressant mechanism of classical herbal formula lily bulb and Rehmannia decoction: insights from gene expression profile of medial prefrontal cortex of mice with stress‐induced depression‐like behavior
Authors: Zhang Hongxiu , Chi Xiansu , Pan Wenchao , Wang Shijun , Zhang Zhe , Zhao Haijun , Wang Yuan , Wu Zhichun , Zhou Miaomiao , Ma Shan , Zhao Qitao , Ma Ke 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAccording to traditional Chinese medicine, lily bulb and Rehmannia decoction (LBRD) is a specialized formula for the treatment of “lily disease”, the symptoms of which resemble the clinical manifestations of major depression. However, the molecular basis of the antidepressant mechanism of LBRD and the quality marker ingredients of LBRD remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the quality marker ingredients of LBRD and to show the molecular mechanism of its antidepressant activities. In this study, we adopted the chronic unpredicted mild stress paradigm to construct a depression model. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the levels of the main markers in LBRD. The underlying mechanism of LBRD was explored by measuring neurotransmitter and cytokine levels using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and by quantifying differentially expressed gene (DEG) of transcriptome in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) tissue through RNA sequencing. HPLC results showed that the average levels of quality marker ingredients of LBRD (ferulic acid, dioscin, verbascoside and catalpol) were 0.00079%, 0.00039%, 0.7% and 1.6% (w/w), respectively. LBRD intervention significantly attenuated the depressive phenotype compared with that in the depressed group. LBRD treatment altered the enriched DEGs in the signaling pathways of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate neurotransmitter, synaptic plasticity and axon guidance, circadian rhythm and neural‐immunity. GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses as well as brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/TrkB‐dependent phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin‐1 (mTOR1), might be the main signaling pathways underlying the multi‐target therapeutic effects of LBRD against depression.
The Enrichment Process of Groundwater Fluorine in Sea Water Intrusion Area of Gaomi City, China
Authors: Chen Qiao , Hao Decheng , Gao Zongjun , Shi Mengjie , Wang Min , Feng Jianguo , Deng Qinghai , Xia Lu , Zhang Chunrong , Yu Yongbo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA typical area, Gaomi City in China, was chosen to discuss the enrichment process of groundwater fluorine in sea water intrusion area. The groundwater had fluorine levels of 0.09–10.99 mg/L, with an average concentration of 1.38 mg/L. The high‐fluorine groundwater was mainly distributed in the unconsolidated Quaternary sediments, where concentrations in 83.6% of the samples exceeded the national limit of 1.0 mg/L. The groundwater in the Quaternary sediments also had higher levels of Cl−, TDS, Mg2+, and pH and lower levels of Ca2+, Co, Ni, and Cu than that in the bedrock. The groundwater fluorine levels in the Quaternary sediments are positively correlated with Cl−, TDS, Mg2+, pH, and negatively correlated with Ca2+, γCa2+/γMg2+, Co, Ni, Cu. Geochemical indices of Cl− and TDS indicate sea water intrusion in the Quaternary high‐fluorine groundwater area (F− > 1.0 mg/L), while they do not indicate any intrusion in the bedrock area. The chemical weathering of minerals was intensified with the intrusion of sea water. Cation exchange was confirmed to occur in the Quaternary sediments and was promoted by sea water intrusion. Cation exchange consumes part of groundwater Ca2+ and permits more F− dissolving. Consequently, in the Quaternary sediments, the groundwater was supersaturated with CaF2 minerals and undersaturated with MgF2 minerals when F− > 1.0 mg/L, while CaF2 and MgF2 minerals both are undersaturated when F− < 1.0 mg/L. Thus, the chemical weathering of minerals and cation exchange caused by sea water intrusion are the crucial processes controlling the groundwater fluorine levels, which should be considered when the groundwater fluorine enrichment mechanism is discussed along coastal zones.
Annual eradication rate of bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy as second‐line treatment forHelicobacter pyloriinfection: A 15‐year prospective study at a tertiary hospital in Korea
Authors: Yoon Kichul , Kim Nayoung , Lee Jung Won , Yoon Hyuk , Shin Cheol Min , Park Young Soo , Lee Dong Ho 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundBismuth‐containing quadruple therapy is widely used as second‐line treatment forHelicobacter pyloriinfection. This prospective study investigated the changes in the annualH. pylorieradication rates of quadruple therapy.MethodsThis study included an intention‐to‐treat (ITT) population of 452 subjects who failed first‐line eradication therapy forH. pyloribetween 2003 and 2018. All subjects received a 14‐day course of bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy consisting of esomeprazole (40 mg twice daily), metronidazole (500 mg thrice daily), bismuth subcitrate (120 mg four times daily), and tetracycline (500 mg four times daily). Per‐protocol (PP) analysis of data was performed in subjects who followed up with strict treatment adherence. Eradication was confirmed based on the results of the13C‐urea breath test, rapid urease test (CLOtest®), and histopathologic evaluation. Compliance and adverse effects were also investigated. A minimal inhibitory concentration test was performed on tissue samples obtained from 103 subjects.ResultsThe overall eradication rates following ITT and PP analyses were 78.8% (356/452) and 89.5% (314/351), respectively. The annual eradication success rate did not show significant changes (P = .062 [ITT],P = .857 [PP]) over the 15‐year study period. Adverse events were reported in 57.3% of the ITT population. The rates of resistance to metronidazole and tetracycline were 44.7% and 18.4%, respectively.ConclusionsDespite high antibiotic resistance rates, no significant reduction in annual eradication rates was observed during the study period.
Chronic methyl bromide toxicity is ameliorated by haemodialysis
Authors: Khor Nicole W. M. , Hepburn Kirsten S. , Chiew Angela L. , Somerville Ernest , Micallef Milton , Lee Alexandra T. K. , Endre Zoltán H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMethyl bromide is an odourless, colourless, highly volatile gas, primarily used in fumigation. It can cause significant neurotoxicity, especially with chronic exposure. Haemodialysis has been used in acute toxicity, but its utility in chronic exposure has never been reported. We report the use of haemodialysis in a 20‐year‐old man with chronic methyl bromide toxicity affecting the optic nerves, brain and spinal cord. The patient underwent eight haemodialysis sessions with improvement in plasma bromine concentration, half‐life and marked clinical recovery. The case demonstrates the utility of haemodialysis in the treatment of chronic methyl bromide toxicity.
Crystal structure, bond energy, Raman spectra, and microwave dielectric properties of Ti‐doped Li3Mg2NbO6 ceramics
Authors: Wang Gang , Zhang Dainan , Li Jie , Gan Gongwen , Rao Yiheng , Huang Xin , Yang Yan , Shi Liang , Liao Yulong , Liu Cheng , Jin Lichuan , Zhang Huaiwu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCrystal structure exerts dominant influence on the microwave dielectric performance enabling satisfying the demands for 5G communication system. In this study, the Ti‐doped Li3Mg2Nb1‐xTixO6‐x/2 (x = 0.0‐0.1) ceramics were prepared by the solid‐state reaction procedure. Crystal structure refinement and microstructure analysis indicate pure phase with orthorhombic structure and homogeneous microstructure with grain size (~14 μm). The relative permittivity was affected by the relative density, cell volume, and polarizability. The Q × f value was dominated by the Nb‐O bond energy and grain size. The τf value was correlated with the NbO6 octahedral distortion and Nb‐O bond valence. Particularly, the composition (x = 0.04) exhibited remarkable microwave dielectric performance: εr = 15.88, Q × f = 131 000 GHz and τf = −26.8 ppm/°C, providing a promising candidate for millimeter‐wave applications.
Face‐to‐face, blended, flipped, or online learning environment? Impact on learning performance and student cognitions
Authors: Thai Ngoc Thuy Thi , De Wever Bram , Valcke Martin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study compares four learning environments: face‐to‐face learning (F2F), fully e‐learning (EL), blended learning (BL), and flipped classroom (FC) with respect to students' learning performance. Moreover, this present research studies changes in perceived flexibility, intrinsic motivation, self‐efficacy beliefs of students, and the interaction effects in these student variables on learning performance. Two learning environment design elements: (1) lectures (2) group discussions building on guiding questions, were manipulated to create the four learning environments. Third‐year undergraduate students (n = 106), enrolled in the “Animal and Human Physiology” course at CanTho University (Vietnam), were randomly assigned to one of the four learning environments. The results suggest a significant positive differential effect on learning performance when studying in a FC and BL setting. No significant interaction effects could be observed regarding changes in perceived flexibility, intrinsic motivation and self‐efficacy. However, significant differences between learning conditions were observed in perceived flexibility. Analysis of focus group data corroborate the finding that students experience more flexibility in time and place when studying in FC, BL and EL environments. In addition, students in a FC environment reflect significantly larger positive changes in their self‐efficacy. But, the qualitative data show how positive perceptions about flexibility, motivation and self‐efficacy are often cancelled out by negative perceptions.
Radiofrequency or cryoballoon ablation for index pulmonary vein isolation: What is the impact on long‐term clinical outcomes after repeat ablation?
Authors: Inaba Osamu , Metzner Andreas , Rottner Laura , Mathew Shibu , Lemes Christine , Maurer Tilman , Heeger Christian , John Alexander , Hashiguchi Naotaka , Wohlmuth Peter , Ouyang Feifan , Kuck Karl‐Heinz , Rillig Andreas , Reissmann Bruno 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsThe current study sought to assess the impact of the utilized energy source during index ablation on long‐term clinical outcomes after repeat ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). Index ablation procedures were either performed using radiofrequency current (RFC) (RFC group) or cryoballoon (CB) ablation (CB group). Repeat ablation was performed by the use of RFC.MethodsA total of 195 patients (138 RFC group; 57 CB group) with paroxysmal AF were included. All patients had a recurrence of AF following the index ablation procedure. Freedom from AF was estimated with the Kaplan‐Meier method.ResultsAfter a 3 years follow‐up, the estimated arrhythmia‐free survival did not differ between the two groups (RFC group 48% vs CB group 47%, P = .78). During index ablation, procedure times were significantly shorter in the CB group (95 [80, 140] vs 140 [115, 164] minutes, P ≤ .001), whereas fluoroscopy times (16 [11; 22] vs 19 [14; 25] minutes, P = .003), the dose area product (1862 [1203; 2922] vs 3148 [1756; 5888] cGycm2, P ≤ .001) and the amount of contrast dye (92 ± 32 vs 123 ± 33 mL, P ≤ .001) were significantly lower in the RFC group. During repeat ablation, procedure times were significantly shorter in patients being initially treated with RFC (115 [85; 145] vs 125 [105; 150] minutes, P = .007). There was a trend towards a higher pulmonary vein reconnection rate in the RFC group without meeting statistical significance (P = .074).ConclusionsIn patients with repeat ablation of AF, index RFC or CB ablation are equally effective in terms of freedom from AF. Although CB ablation results in shorter index procedures times, durations of repeat ablation are significantly longer.
Dysregulated TFR and TFH cells correlate with B‐cell differentiation and antibody production in autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Liang Ma , Liwen Zhang , Juan Dai , Yun Zhuang , Yanbo Ding , Jianping Chen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFollicular helper T (TFH) cell provides germinal centre (GC) B cell with critical signals for autoantibody production in the immunopathogenesis and progression of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). However, the immunoregulatory functions of follicular regulatory T (TFR) cell in AIH are still unclear. The numbers of circulating TFR/TFH cells were measured in AIH patients. Moreover, we established experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH) model to examine the function of TFR cells on B‐cell differentiation and autoantibody production in vivo and vitro. AIH patients had significantly increased numbers of TFH cells and decreased numbers of TFR cells as well as imbalanced TFR/TFH‐type cytokines (IL‐10, TGF‐β1 and IL‐21) compared with healthy controls (HCs). In addition, TFR cell numbers negatively correlated with TFH cell numbers. Also, serum hypergammaglobulinaemia (IgG and IgM) concentration negatively correlated the levels of serum IL‐21, but positively correlated with the levels of serum IL‐10 in AIH patients. Furthermore, in comparison with control group, significantly higher frequencies of spleen TFR cells but lower frequencies of spleen TFH cells were detected in the EAH group. Further analysis found that TFR cells simultaneously express the phenotypic characteristics of Treg and TFH cells, but exercise as negative regulators of autoantibody production in vitro culture. Our findings demonstrated that dysregulated between TFR and TFH cells might cause excessive production of autoantibodies and destruction of the immune homeostasis, leading to the immunopathological process in AIH.
The light at the end of the tunnel gets vivid for spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Dutta Debashis , Chandra Goutam , Mohanakumar Kochupurackal P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractKessler et al. in this current issue have attempted to discern biomarker(s) for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) by assessing alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics profile. Recently, antisense oligonucleotide (nusinersen) therapy is shown to mitigate pathologies and provide behavioral improvements in patients. This Editorial highlights the study by Kessler et al on the proteomics of CSF from adult and young patients prior to, and 10 months after nusinersen intrathecal therapy. Although the study by Kessler et al. suffers from small sample size and mixed results that deterred a strong conclusion, yet is a strong case‒control study that is contemporary and important to the patients, clinicians and care‐takers alike. Since identifying biomarker and characterizing the pathology in SMA are imminent necessity to advance this promising therapy, the high‐throughput CSF proteomics data prior and after nusinersen therapy provide possible biomarkers that may help in identification of positive responders, the disease course, efficacy of treatment, and more accurate prognosis.
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