bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible evidence of ongoing planet formation in AB Aurigae
Authors: Boccaletti A. , Di Folco E. , Pantin E. , Dutrey A. , Guilloteau S. , Tang Y. W. , Piétu V. , Habart E. , Milli J. , Beck T. L. , Maire A.-L. 
Published: May 2020

Context. Planet formation is expected to take place in the first million years of a planetary system through various processes, which remain to be tested through observations.
Aims. With the recent discovery, using ALMA, of two gaseous spiral arms inside the ∼120 au cavity and connected to dusty spirals, the famous protoplanetary disk around AB Aurigae presents a strong incentive for investigating the mechanisms that lead to giant planet formation. A candidate protoplanet located inside a spiral arm has already been claimed in an earlier study based on the same ALMA data.
Methods. We used SPHERE at the Very Large Telescope to perform near-infrared high-contrast imaging of AB Aur in polarized and unpolarized light in order to study the morphology of the disk and search for signs of planet formation.
Results. SPHERE has delivered the deepest images ever obtained for AB Aur in scattered light. Among the many structures that are yet to be understood, we identified not only the inner spiral arms, but we also resolved a feature in the form of a twist in the eastern spiral at a separation of about 30 au. The twist of the spiral is perfectly reproduced with a planet-driven density wave model when projection effects are accounted for. We measured an azimuthal displacement with respect to the counterpart of this feature in the ALMA data, which is consistent with Keplerian motion on a 4 yr baseline. Another point sxce is detected near the edge of the inner ring, which is likely the result of scattering as opposed to the direct emission from a planet photosphere. We tentatively derived mass constraints for these two features.
Conclusions. The twist and its apparent orbital motion could well be the first direct evidence of a connection between a protoplanet candidate and its manifestation as a spiral imprinted in the gas and dust distributions.
Rezidivprophylaxe bei okulärer Toxoplasmose
Authors: Pleyer Uwe , Ness Thomas , Garweg Justus 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die okulare Toxoplasmose (OT) führt bei einem hohen Anteil der Patienten zu bleibenden Sehstörungen. Eine Kombination von Antibiotika und Kortikosteroiden verringert möglicherweise das Risiko einer dauerhaften Sehbehinderung und kann ein erneutes Auftreten verzögern. In dieser Übersicht fassen wir den aktuellen Kenntnisstand zur Rezidivprophylaxe der OT zusammen.
Methode Grundlage dieser auf Expertenbewertung basierten Übersichtsarbeit bildet eine Literatursuche in PubMed mit den Schlüsselwörtern (MeSH terms) „human ocular toxoplasmosis“ oder „retinochoroiditis“ und „recurrence“ und „prophylaxis“ oder „prevention“. Unter den resultierenden Publikationen wurden Fallserien mit mehr als 20 Patienten, prospektive klinische Studien sowie Metaanalysen berücksichtigt, die innerhalb der letzten 25 Jahre publiziert wurden, außerdem darin erwähnte weitere Publikationen, und basierend auf der Erfahrung der Autoren bewertet.
Ergebnisse Die Häufigkeit von Rezidiven unterscheidet sich nicht zwischen Lateinamerika, Nordamerika und Europa, liegt in den ersten beiden Jahren bei etwa 12 – 15% und nimmt danach ab, wobei Rezidive bis 49 Jahre nach einer aktiven Affektion beobachtet wurden. Nach 2 placebokontrollierten Doppelblindstudien aus Brasilien, wo besonders schwerwiegende Rezidive auftreten, kann eine Antibiotikaprophylaxe mit Trimethoprim 160 mg kombiniert mit Sulfamethoxazol 800 mg (Cotrim forte) 3-mal pro Woche über 12 Monate das Auftreten von Rezidiven über bis zu 3 Jahre von 22 auf 3% senken. Danach ist die Rezidivwahrscheinlichkeit so hoch wie bei Patienten, die keine Prophylaxe erhalten haben.
Schlussfolgerung Rezidive können wirkungsvoll unterdrückt werden, wenn dies medizinisch indiziert ist, insbesondere bei zentraler Lage der Läsionen, unzureichender Immunkompetenz und häufigen Rezidiven. Die Prophylaxe sollte für mindestens 12 Monate durchgeführt werden, da das Rezidivrisiko in den ersten beiden Jahren am höchsten ist.
Teaching Glasgow Coma Scale Assessment by Videos: A Prospective Interventional Study among Surgical Residents
Authors: Bajaj Jitin , Rathore Sanjay , Parihar Vijay , Agarwal Pawan , Yadav Yad Ram , Sharma Dhananjaya 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) assessment is vital for the management of various neurological, neurosurgical, and critical care disorders. Learning GCS scoring needs good training and practice. Due to limitation of teachers, the new entrants of the clinical team find it difficult to learn and use it correctly. Training through videos is being increasingly utilized in the medical field. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of video teaching of GCS scoring among general surgery residents.

Materials and Methods A prospective study was done utilizing the freely available video at glasgowcomascale.org. The participants (general surgery residents, 1st–3rd year) were asked to assess and record their responses related to GCS both before and after watching the video. A blinded neurosurgeon recorded the correct responses separately.

Statistical Analysis The difference between correct responses of the residents before and after watching the video was calculated using the “chi-square test.” p-Value ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant.

Results There was a significant improvement in GCS scoring by residents after watching the videos (p < 0.05). On estimating the responses separately, all the three responses (eye, verbal, and motor) improved significantly for 1st-year residents while only the motor response improved significantly for 2nd- and 3rd-year residents. The mode subjective improvement for the 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-year residents was 5, 4, and 3, respectively.

Conclusion Training GCS scoring through videos is an effective way of teaching the surgery residents with maximum benefit to the junior-most ones.
Patellar Resurfacing Does Not Improve Clinical Outcome in Patients with Symptomatic Tricompartmental Knee Osteoarthritis. An RCT Study of 40 Patients Receiving Primary Cruciate Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Raaij Tom M. van , Meij Evelien van der , Vries Astrid J. de , Raay Jos J.A.M. van 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere is some evidence that patellofemoral (PF) joint osteoarthritis (OA) causes anterior knee pain (AKP) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We hypothesized that patellar resurfacing in primary TKA for patients with symptomatic tricompartmental knee OA yields better clinical results after 2 years than non-resurfacing. A single center randomized controlled clinical trial comparing 40 patients receiving 42 cruciate retaining TKAs with (n = 21) or without patellar resurfacing (n = 21) was conducted. Primary outcome was the specific PF joint score HSS Baldini and secondary outcomes were the Knee Society Score (KSS) and the Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Scale (KOOS). After 2 years no significant differences between both groups and between the groups in time for HSS Baldini, KSS, and KOOS were found. HSS Baldini score improved significantly after 6 weeks in both groups (p < 0.001) and did not improve in time afterward. At final follow-up the HSS Baldini mean score improved from a preoperative mean of 39 to 88 (difference of 49 points; p < 0.001)) for without patellar resurfacing group, and from a preoperative mean of 37 to 81 for patellar resurfacing group (difference of 47 points; p < 0.001). One patient in the patellar resurfacing group underwent a soft tissue re-alignment procedure because of patellar subluxation. Two patients in without patellar resurfacing group received secondary patellar button placement. Patellar resurfacing in primary TKA for patients with symptomatic tricompartmental OA has no beneficial effect over non-resurfacing and seems unnecessary. A special PF joint outcome measurement tool (HSS Baldini) and common knee scores showed no better knee function or AKP outcomes for with patellar resurfacing over without patellar resurfacing group in time and after 2 years of follow-up.
Giant Cell Tumor of the Capitate and Hamate: Case Report and of Literature Review
Authors: Abdusamad V. , Singh Vivek , Jain Rohit , Singh Divya 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background In the hand, giant cell tumors (GCTs) of the bones account for 2 to 5% of all hand tumors; they are often seen in the metacarpals and phalanges, seldom in the carpal bones. In the carpal bones, GCT usually occurs as a single lesion, with multifocal involvement being extremely rare. On analysis of recent English literature, we could find out only two reports having simultaneous involvement of multiple carpal bones.
Case Description We report a case of a 29-year-old female with simultaneous involvement of two carpal bones: capitate and hamate. After confirming the diagnosis by histopathological examination, the affected carpals were resected, and the defect was filled with autologous bone graft. Follow-up at 18 months demonstrated no evidence of local recurrence or metastatic disease, and the patient is now having a reasonable hand function.
Literature Review We analyzed nine case reports on GCTs in carpal bones in the past 25 years. Seven out of nine cases that we could analyze showed single carpal bone involvement (three capitate, two scaphoid, one hamate, one triquetrum). In these, four patients had undergone resection, and five patients had undergone curettage, of whom one patient came back 5 months later with recurrence. Only two cases were there with simultaneous involvement of multiple carpal bones. Both the cases were managed with resection and reconstruction with autologous graft iliac graft.
Clinical Relevance GCTs of the carpal bones are relatively rare, and simultaneous involvement of two bones is rarer. Every attempt should be made to preserve useful wrist range of motion by excision and limited carpal fusion.
DCyFIR: a high-throughput CRISPR platform for multiplexed G protein-coupled receptor profiling and ligand discovery
Authors: Kapolka N. J. , Taghon G. J. , Rowe J. B. , Morgan W. M. , Enten J. F. , Lambert N. A. , Isom D. G. 
Published: May 2020

Significance
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of membrane receptors in humans. As such, GPCR signaling is central to human biology and medicine. While more than 30% of approved drugs target roughly 150 GPCRs, most receptors lack well-defined endogenous ligands and are currently not druggable. To address this challenge, we created DCyFIR, a GPCR screening platform for ligand and drug discovery. This technology enables the cost-effective profiling of ligands and drug compounds against mixtures of hundreds of GPCR-barcoded cell strains in a single experiment. Because ligands are tested against many receptors simultaneously, DCyFIR profiling will eventually enable the physical screening of huge numbers of compounds, bringing wet-laboratory experimental throughput a step closer to what is done in silico.
Epstein–Barr virus co-opts TFIIH component XPB to specifically activate essential viral lytic promoters
Authors: Verma Dinesh , Church Trenton Mel , Swaminathan Sankar 
Published: May 2020

Significance
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus linked to the development of several cancers. We demonstrate that XPB, a component of the TFIIH transcription factor complex, is required for EBV lytic gene expression and virus production. We show that EBV SM protein regulates lytic gene transcription by utilizing XPB as a cofactor to activate specific target genes. Spironolactone blocks transcriptional activation by SM and spironolactone’s antiviral activity against EBV is mediated by degrading XPB protein. XPB is thus particularly important for expression of an SM-dependent group of EBV genes. Because SPR destabilizes XPB protein, inhibiting SM transcription function without affecting cellular gene-transcription machinery, XPB may be a useful therapeutic target to control EBV and other human herpesviruses.
Matrix-specific mechanism of Fe ion release from laser-generated 3D-printable nanoparticle-polymer composites and their protein adsorption properties
Authors: Li Yaya , Rehbock Christoph , Nachev Milen , Stamm Jacqueline , Sures Bernd , Blaeser Andreas , Barcikowski Stephan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Nanocomposites have been widely applied in medical device fabrication and tissue-engineering applications. In this context, the release of metal ions as well as protein adsorption capacity are hypothesized to be two key processes directing nanocomposite-cell interactions. The objective of this study is to understand the polymer-matrix effects on ion release kinetics and their relations with protein adsorption. Laser ablation in macromolecule solutions was employed for synthesizing Au and Fe nanoparticle-loaded nanocomposites based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and alginate. Confocal microscopy revealed a three-dimensional homogeneous dispersion of laser-generated nanoparticles in the polymer. The physicochemical properties revealed a pronounced dependence upon embedding of Fe and Au nanoparticles in both polymer matrices. Interestingly, the total Fe ion concentration released from alginate gels under static conditions decreased with increasing mass loadings, a phenomenon only found in the Fe-alginate system and not in the Cu/Zn-alginate and Fe-TPU control system (where the effects were proportioonal to the nanoparticle load). A detailed mechanistic examination of iron the ion release process revealed that it is probably not the redox potential of metals and diffusion of metal ions alone, but also the solubility of nano-metal oxides and affinity of metal ions for alginate that lead to the special release behaviors of iron ions from alginate gels. The amount of adsorbed bovine serum albumin (BSA) and collagen I on the surface of both the alginate and TPU composites was significantly increased in contrast to the unloaded control polymers and could be correlated with the concentration of released Fe ions and the porosity of composites, but was independent of the global surface charge. Interestingly, these effects were already highly pronounced at minute loadings with Fe nanoparticles down to 200 ppm. Moreover, the laser-generated Fe or Au nanoparticle-loaded alginate composites were shown to be a suitable bioink for 3D printing. These findings are potentially relevant for ion-sensitive bio-responses in cell differentiation, endothelisation, vascularisation, or wound healing.
Gamified physics challenges for teachers and the
public
Authors: Vieyra Rebecca , Vieyra Chrystian , Pendrill Ann-Marie , Xu Benjamin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article describes the development and deployment of Physics Toolbox Play, a
gamified component of the Android Physics Toolbox Sensor Suite
app, that can introduce young children through adults to fundamental physics
principles. The app was used successfully in a variety of contexts, including
STEM fairs with primary and secondary students and workshops with undergraduate
physics majors and practicing teachers. Anecdotes from our experiences suggest
that smartphones are an effective way to introduce learners to the big ideas and
big principles in physics.
Reverse rain: a simple experiment using a smartphone as a strobe
light
Authors: Sobral G A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this article we show how to use a smartphone’s flash as a strobe lamp,
allowing one to analyze simple periodic phenomena such as water dripping from a
tap, among others. Finally, we propose a simple setup for the ‘reverse
rain’ experiment that became famous in the film ‘Now You See Me
2’. The proposed experiment allows to approach in a fun and engaging way
concepts related to periodic phenomena such as frequency, period and duty
cycle.
Liposomal dexamethasone–moxifloxacin nanoparticle combinations with collagen/gelatin/alginate hydrogel for corneal infection treatment and wound healing
Authors: Chang Ming-Cheng , Kuo Yu-Jen , Hung Kuo-Hsuan , Peng Cheng-Liang , Chen Kuan-Yin , Yeh Lung-Kun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Infectious keratitis is still one of the major causes of visual impairment and blindness, often affecting developing countries. Eye-drop therapy to reduce disease progression is the first line of treatment for infectious keratitis. The current limitations in controlling ophthalmic infections include rapid precorneal drug loss and the inability to provide long-term extraocular drug delivery. The aim of the present study was to develop a novel ophthalmic formulation to treat corneal infection. The formulation was prepared by constructing moxifloxacin (MFX) and dexamethasone (DEX)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (Lipo-MFX/DEX) mixed with a collagen/gelatin/alginate (CGA) biodegradable material (CGA-Lipo-MFX/DEX) for prolonged ocular application. The characteristics of the prepared Lipo-MFX/DEX nanoparticles were as follows: average size, 132.1 ± 73.58 nm; zeta potential, −6.27 ± 4.95 mV; entrapment efficiency, 91.5 ± 3.5%; drug content, 18.1 ± 1.7%. Our results indicated that CGA-Lipo-MFX/DEX could release an effective working concentration in 60 min and sustain the drug release for at least 12 h. CGA-Lipo-MFX/DEX did not produce significant toxicities, but it increased cell numbers when co-cultured with ocular epithelial cells. An animal study also confirmed that CGA-Lipo-MFX/DEX could inhibit pathogen microorganism growth and improve corneal wound healing. Our results suggest that CGA-Lipo-MFX/DEX could be a useful anti-inflammatory formulation for ophthalmological disease treatment.
Sustained release from biodegradable metallic matrix—The entrapment of drugs within iron
Authors: Menagen Barak , Avnir David 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Iron and its alloys have been widely used for variety of medical implants. These are used for long term applications as cheap implants with high inertness and low corrosion rate, and also as implants with high biocompatibility (the fourth-generation type). Such degrading implants can provide a temporary scaffold while the body heals. In addition to the needed mechanical support, it is highly desirable to provide local drug therapy, providing antibacterial properties, preventing rejection of the implant, and more. So far, the combination of a degradable metallic implant which serves also as a three-dimensional matrix for drug release, remained un-answered. Here we present, we believe for the first time realization of this concept: Entrapment of drugs within a 3D degradable metal matrix—iron—from which the entrapped drugs are sustain-released. This new type of material is based on the molecular metals entrapment materials methodology, resulting in drugs@Fe. Two drugs have been successfully entrapped and released: chlorhexidine - an antiseptic drug, and rapamycin—used for avoiding transplant rejection. The delivery profiles of the composites were studied in two forms—powders and pressed discs showing two different types of drug release profiles. The release of the drugs from the powder hasa first order release profile, while the pressed disk is a slower, zero-order release profile, which is highly desirable due to the constant rate of the release. Full characterization of the metallic biomaterials is provided, including XRD, SEM, TGA, elemental analysis, and surface area/porosity analysis.
Porous PVA/Zn–Fe–Mn oxide nanocomposites: methylene blue dye adsorption studies
Authors: Abebe Buzuayehu , H C Ananda Murthy , Zerefa Enyew , Abdisa Eticha 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Adsorption is one of the noble techniques for remediation of organic and inorganic pollutants. The poly (vinyl alcohol) supported sol-gel and self-propagation routes have been used for the synthesis of porous ternary metal oxides nanocomposites. The optical, chemical bonding, crystallinity, morphological, textural, and electrochemical properties of the synthesized materials were characterized by DRS-UV–vis, FT-IR, XRD, SEM/EDX and TEM/HRTEM/SAED, BET, and CV/EIS techniques, respectively. The characterization of the nanocomposites confirmed their porous nature, high surface area, and better electrochemical properties. The synthesized nanomaterials were tested for the adsorption property of methylene blue dye. Important parameters such as the amount of PVA supported ternary metal oxide nanocomposite, pH of the solution, contact time, and concentration of methylene blue dye were optimized. For further understanding of the adsorption process, the adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics models were used. The adsorption tests revealed the presence of the chemisorption type of the adsorption process.
Novel process for the production of 3Y-TZP ceramics: comparison between ageing in artificial saliva and accelerated ageing
Authors: Aragón-Duarte M C , Bocanegra Bernal M , Reyes-Rojas A , Esparza-Ponce H E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The degradation of tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (3Y-TZP) ceramics prepared by a novel film growth technique, and by sintering at 1400 °C, was evaluated for one year using two processes: (i) degradation under oral conditions in artificial saliva (37 °C and pH 6.8) and (ii) accelerated degradation by autoclaving at 134 °C at 0.2 MPa of pressure. X-ray diffraction analysis of 3Y-TZP ceramics sintered at 1400 °C showed a phase transformation (tetragonal to monoclinic) in 3Y-TZP ceramics after the fifth month in artificial saliva. After 12 months in artificial saliva, there was ∼11% of monoclinic phase present in 3Y-TZP ceramics, but only ∼2% of monoclinic phase in samples that were subjected to accelerated degradation for 5 h. No correlation was found between the level of ageing during accelerated degradation and degradation in artificial saliva. There was no degradation of 3Y-TZP ceramics prepared by a novel film growth technique, independently of the degradation method used, which suggests that this material could be used for dental prosthetics.
The hidden cost of group living for aggregating juveniles in a sexually dimorphic species
Authors: Allen Pablo E , Miller Christine W 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe number of conspecifics present during the juvenile stages can have profound consequences on development rates and adult body size, traits often closely related to fitness. Conspecifics can have direct negative effects on each other due to resource competition, and also direct positive effects due to benefits like improved thermoregulation. We investigated morphological and developmental consequences of juvenile group size in the leaf-footed cactus bug Narnia femorata (Hemiptera: Coreidae). These insects are ideal to test the consequences of social environment during development because nymphs naturally aggregate in groups of varying size. Furthermore, the sexual dimorphism of this species allowed us to test for sex-specific effects of developmental density. Males possess enlarged hind legs used as weapons in male-male contests, yet females are physically larger. We found insects from smaller groups had 43% higher mortality than those from the larger groups. On average, adult body and hind leg sizes did not differ across densities for either sex. Interestingly, we found that those first to mature into adults within a sibling group became the largest adults. The largest, fastest males to adulthood also wielded the biggest weapons due to the positive allometry of this trait.