bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing User Behaviour on Dynamic Building Simulations for Energy Consumption
Authors: Jimenez-Bescos Carlos , Oregi Xabat 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
User behaviour influences the energy consumption of domestic properties with different range of variations and this has an effect on the results of building simulations based on default or general values, as opposed to implementing user behaviour. The aim of this paper is to evaluate and quantify the effect of implementing user behaviour in building dynamic simulation to calculate heating and domestic how water energy consumption to reduce the performance gap. The results for space heating and domestic hot water from dynamic building simulations will be compare to actual energy bills for a general building simulation technique and a calibrated building simulation, incorporating user behaviour details. By using user behaviour details to create calibrated building simulations, a correlation to actual energy bills of over 90 % can be achieved for a dataset of 22 properties. This study has shown that by incorporating user behaviour into building simulations, a more accurate estimation of energy consumption can be achieved. More importantly, the methodology approach allows the user behaviour parameters to be collected by means of a questionnaire, providing an easy and low budget approach to incorporate user behaviour into dynamic building simulations to reduce the performance.
Sprayed Water Flowrate, Temperature and Drop Size Effects on Small Capacity Flue Gas Condenser’s Performance
Authors: Priedniece Vivita , Kalnins Elvis , Kirsanovs Vladimirs , Dzikevics Mikelis , Blumberga Dagnija , Veidenbergs Ivars 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
One of the main pollution types is air pollution, which has a significant impact on the surrounding environment and on living beings. Major source of air pollution is combustion processes. There are many flue gas treatment technologies around the world. In this paper a new, innovative flue gas treatment technology – fog unit – is introduced. The goal of the fog unit is to treat flue gases that are emitted from households. In the European Union, including Latvia, at the beginning of 2020, a directive will come into effect that will set limits for emissions and the effectiveness for incinerators in households. The main focus of this study was to determine the most optimal operating mode for the fog unit by changing different operating parameters: sprayed water temperature, sprayed water flowrate and types of nozzles (drop diameters). Results show that the most optimal operating mode in terms of flue gas treatment efficiency and recovered energy is at water temperature: 20 °C, sprayed water flowrate: 250 l/h and nozzle: MPL1.12 M. However, electrical consumption of water circulation pump leaves negative effect on this operating mode.
KONTROL OPTIMAL PADA MODEL PENYEBARAN VIRUS KOMPUTER DENGAN KLASIFIKASI PENGAMANAN
Authors: DARAJAT PANGESTUTI PRIMA , HUSADANINGSIH TYAS 
Published: December 2019

In this paper, a model of the spread of computer viruses with security classification and nonlinear infection rates is formulated. From the short analysis, is found that the model does not have a virus-free equilibrium point. This show that the virus will always exist in the system and increasingly that can not be avoided. Therefore, control strategy by installing antivirus on subpopulation susceptible low-security level and infective subpopulation aims to minimize the number of infective computers, and minimize the cost related to these strategies. Hence, an important tool, in this case is, optimal control theory. The system solved numerically by using Forward-Backward Sweep method in combination with the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. Based on the simulation results, the combination of the two controls is effective in suppressing the spread of computer viruses. However, controlling by installing an antivirus on an infected computer has a great influence in suppressing the spread of the computer virus.
Ectopic submental thyroid tissue, with no evidence of orthotopic thyroid: a case report
Authors: Banezhad Farnaz , Askari Emran , Abbasian Hamideh , Sadri Keyvan , Soltani Salman , Aghaei Atena 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Thyroid ectopia refers to a congenital disease with abnormal descending of the thyroid gland. The most common subtype is lingual thyroid ectopia. Sublingual and submental thyroid ectopia are much less common. It may also be found in other neck locations and distant positions .70%–90% of patients with ectopic thyroid do not have eutopic thyroid tissue. It is necessary to distinguish ectopic thyroid from other causes of neck masses.

Case Presentation:
A 18-year-old man was referred for the evaluation of a palpable mass in the submental region. On biochemical examination, the thyroid function tests were normal while receiving levothyroxine therapy. Ultrasonography revealed a mass measuring 4.2 × 2.7 × 2.6 cm in the submental region. The thyroid scan did not show any uptake in the thyroid region. A zone of the tracer activity was noted in the central neck, compatible with the palpated mass in the submental region. CT images showed a hyperdense soft tissue in the submental region, too.

Conclusion:
Thyroid ectopia is a rare condition and it is often accompanied by hypothyroidism. Ectopia often occurs in lingual and sublingual locations, and submental one is less common. Thyroid scintigraphy is the best imaging modality for the detection of thyroid ectopia. For precise localization, the CT scan correlation may be needed.
Rivaroxaban-induced skin necrosis: a case report
Authors: Soliman Mosaad , Mowafy Khaled , Elsaadany Nashaat , Awad Sameh , Soliman Rana , Soliman Reem 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Even though rivaroxaban has been mainly associated with hemorrhage-related adverse effects, rivaroxaban-induced skin necrosis has received less attention or went unrecognized. Little has been documented about hypersensitivity reactions caused by the treatment with rivaroxaban.

Case Presentation:
This paper reports a skin necrosis with an apparent similarity to skin adverse events caused by the different anticoagulants. It happened in a 30-year-old female patient during rivaroxaban treatment. The correlation of the skin lesions to the used drug was made by the act of repeated discontinuation and reuse of rivaroxaban and the noticed remission and exacerbation of skin necrosis.

Conclusion:
This case highlights the vigilance required by healthcare in recognizing potential adverse effects of newly marketed drugs and in making medication changes whenever necessary.
Salmonella enteritidis sepsis, a rare cause of splenic abscess: a case report
Authors: Cheo Seng Wee , Mow Wei Chin , Low Qin Jian 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Salmonella infection usually causes mild self-limiting gastroenteritis. Nontyphoidal salmonella can sometimes cause bacteremia and extra-intestinal infection. In rare occasions, it can result in splenic abscess.

Case Presentation:
We reported a case of splenic abscess resulting from Salmonella enteritidis infection. Our patient is a 57-year-old man with diabetes mellitus, came with acute febrile illness associated with epigastric pain. He was diagnosed to have splenic abscess based on computed tomography and subsequently recovered well after antibiotic therapy and abscess drainage.

Conclusion:
Diagnosis of splenic abscess is often difficult and requires high index of suspicion. Early diagnosis is often associated with better outcome. Abscess drainage is an important treatment modality of splenic abscess.
Multi-focal skeletal tuberculosis, bone scan appearance: a case report
Authors: Rubab Nayyar , Afzal Shehzad , Imran Muhammad Babar , Alam Muhammad Mahboob 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Skeletal tuberculosis accounts for 1% to 5% of all tuberculosis (TB) cases. Multifocal skeletal tuberculosis is rare. Early diagnosis of multifocal skeletal TB is crucial and challenging for proper treatment and to prevent development of complications. The purpose of this case report is to highlight importance of bone scan in suspected cases of skeletal tuberculosis.

Case Presentation:
We describe a case of 24-year-old female, referred to Nuclear Medicine Department for bone scintigraphy. Patient had complaint of neck stiffness and generalized body aches. Patient underwent 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate scintigraphy which showed multifocal bony pathology mimicking bony metastasis. However, patient was treated with anti-tuberculous therapy and showed excellent response on follow up bone scan. Post-therapy: patient recovered without developing any complications.

Conclusion:
Multifocal skeletal tuberculosis must be kept in the differential diagnosis of multifocal bony pathology seen on bone scintigraphy.
Association between periodontal disease and plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides
Authors: Jaramillo Adriana , Lafaurie Gloria Inés , Millán Lina Viviana , Ardila Carlos Martin , Duque Andrés , Novoa Camilo , López Diego , Contreras Adolfo 
Published: December 2019

Objective: Untreated periodontal disease seems to cause low grade systemic inflammation and blood lipid alteration leading to increased cardiovascular disease risk. To start testing this hypothesis in Colombian patients, a multicentre study was conducted including the three main state capitals: Bogotá, Medellín and Cali. Methods: In this study 192 (28.4%) advanced and 256 (37.8%) moderate periodontitis patients were investigated for socio-demographic variables, city of precedence, periodontal parameters, smoking, red complex periodontopathic bacteria, serum antibodies against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and blood lipids including total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides (TG). Those parameters were compared to 229 (33.8%) controls having periodontal health or gingivitis. Results: Advanced periodontitis had worst periodontal indexes, than moderate periodontitis and controls. Interestingly, higher HDL and TG levels were present in periodontitis. BMI <30 and smoking were associated with increased HDL, HDL-35, LDL and TG, while glycemia >100 mg/dL associated with HDL, HDL-35 and TG. Tannerella forsythia showed a significant association with HDL-35 in bivariate analysis and serum IgG1 against P. gingivalis associated with HDL-35 and serum IgG1 against T. forsythia associated with TG and serum IgG2 against A. actinomycetemcomitans correlated with levels of HDL y HDL-35. In logistic regression the periodontitis patients from Cali presented reduced HDL levels as compared to Bogotá and Medellín patients. Presence of IgG1 antibodies against P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans correlated with reduced HDL levels. Conclusion: This study confirmed that untreated periodontitis generates alteration in serum lipid levels and systemic bacterial exposure against important periodontopathic bacteria seems to be the biological link.
Determination of the HER2 amplification status by in situ fluorescent hybridization and concordance with immunohistochemistry for breast cancer samples in Colombia
Authors: Plata Adriana , Torres María Mercedes , López Rocío , Andrade Rafael E. 
Published: December 2019

Objectives: To determine the status of the HER2 amplification in Breast cancer performed in peripheral laboratories in Colombia by immunohistochemistry and its comparison with central laboratories and the FISH status. Methods: Four thousand one hundred and five cases referred for the determination of the HER2 status by FISH and/or IHQ to the Department of Pathology of the Fundacion Santa Fe were studied. The analysis included correlation between the IHQ HER2 score submitted by the peripheral laboratory (PL), the HER2 score emitted in the LC and the FISH studies performed in the central laboratory (CL). Results: two thousand five hundred and eight HER2 IHQ studies were performed in the (CL), using the Dako Herceptest. With the following results: 68.2 % negative (0-1+); 16.4% indeterminate (2+); 15.3% 3+ and 2.3 % not adequate. 1360/ 1719 cases studied by FISH came from the (PL), and 329 (19.1%) from the (Lc). Comparing the IHQ score emitted by the PL and the positive FISH status showed: 6/28 0+ were positive (21.4%); 7/31 1+ (22.5%); 397/1.240 2+ (32.8%) and 74/91 3+ (81.3%). In the CL the results were 1/9 0+ (11.1%); 3/18 1+ (16.7%); 154/292 2+ (53.0%); and 9/9 3+ (100%). Only 1/4 negative cases (0/1+) was in house.Conclusion: The false negative rate (22.0%), and false positive results (18.7%), of the HER2 status performed by IHQ in peripheral laboratories in Colombia is unacceptable high as well as the inadequacy of tissue indicating that pre-analytical factors have to be improved in Colombia in order to get optimal results
Validity and reliability of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB): a pilot study on mobility in the Colombian Andes.
Authors: Gómez Montes José Fernando , Curcio Carmen-Lucia , Alvarado Beatriz , Zunzunegui Maria Victoria , Guralnik Jack 
Published: December 2019

Objectives: To assess the validity (convergent and construct) and reliability of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) among non-disabled adults between 65 to 74 years of age residing in the Andes Mountains of Colombia.
Methods: Design: Validation study; Participants: 150 subjects aged 65 to 74 years recruited from elderly associations (day-centers) in Manizales, Colombia.Measurements: The SPPB tests of balance, including time to walk 4 meters and time required to stand from a chair 5 times were administered to all participants. Reliability was analyzed with a 7-day interval between assessments and use of repeated ANOVA testing. Construct validity was assessed using factor analysis and by testing the relationship between SPPB and depressive symptoms, cognitive function, and self rated health (SRH), while the concurrent validity was measured through relationships with mobility limitations and disability in Activities of Daily Living (ADL). ANOVA tests were used to establish these associations.
Results: Test-retest reliability of the SPPB was high: 0.87 (CI95%: 0.77-0.96). A one factor solution was found with three SPPB tests. SPPB was related to self-rated health, limitations in walking and climbing steps and to indicators of disability, as well as to cognitive function and depression. There was a graded decrease in the mean SPPB score with increasing disability and poor health.
Conclusion: The Spanish version of SPPB is reliable and valid to assess physical performance among older adults from our region. Future studies should establish their clinical applications and explore usage in population studies.
The effects of Plasmodium vivax gestational malaria on the clinical and immune status of pregnant women in Northwestern Colombia
Authors: Yasnot Maria Fernanda , Perkins Douglas Jay , Corredor Mauricio , Yanow Stephanie , Carmona-Fonseca Jaime , Maestre Amanda Elena 
Published: December 2019

Objective: The study concerned the effects of Plasmodium vivax infection on the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and their relationship with some clinical and epidemiology outcomes.Methods: Thirty-five pregnant women were involved in this study. Of these, 15 subjects were included at delivery (GMP+), and 20 had no exposition to infection throughout the pregnancy (GMP-C-). Epidemiological and clinical data were recorded after reviewing the clinical records. At delivery, whole blood from the mother as well as placental tissue was collected. Diagnosis of infection was performed by thick smear and real time PCR. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were measured by real time PCR.Results: The clinical and epidemiological variables explored were similar in both groups, with the exception of gestational age. When comparing the GMP+ group with the GMP-C- group, it is clear that although the differences generally are not significant, pro-inflammatory cytokines are elevated in both maternal blood and placental; the anti-inflammatories are elevated in the mother and reduced in the placenta, and the chemokines are reduced in both, except for MCP-1 which is elevated in both.Conclusion: The results appear to be strongly affected by the small number of women with GM by P. vivax in childbirth. Additional studies are needed with more women from both this region and elsewhere.
Synthetic dural graft septoplasty in epistaxis from hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Guerra Claudia Patricia , Burckhardt B Wilfred 
Published: December 2019

It is an autosomal dominant vascular disorder, which has a variety of clinical manifestations, with epistaxis being one of the most common. Many treatment options exist for epistaxis, but with no consensus on which is the method of choice. We describe the case of a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) secondary epistaxis with septoplasty managed with synthetic hard graft, which improved intensity and frequency of bleeding episodes. This technique is a variant of the septodermoplasty described by several authors, but the use of synthetic dura can help in obtaining better results and avoid taking skin grafts from other sites different from the surgical site.
Descriptive epidemiology of childhood cancer in Cali, Colombia 1977-2011
Authors: Bravo Luis Eduardo , García Luz Stella , Collazos Paola , Ramirez Oscar 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Yearly more than 160,000 childhood cancer cases are diagnosed worldwide and around 90,000 die because of this disease. In Colombia, this represents the 2nd leading cause of childhood deaths for those more than one year old.Objective: To describe the occurrence and survival patterns of childhood cancer patients over the last 20 years in Cali.Methods:Information was obtained from the Cancer Population Registry in Cali and the Municipal Department of Health. The International Classification for childhood Cancer (ICCC) was used. Vital status data was obtained from MDH death certificates and hospital databases. Additionally, clinical records were reviewed and, in some cases, telephone contact was made to gather data. Follow-up was completed until December 31, 2011. Incident (IR) and mortality rates (MR) were estimated and adjusted for age. Life-tables were made to estimate overall survival. Results: Between 1977-2011 there were 2,311 cases of cancer identified in children less than 15 years of age. The IR and MR for Cali were found to be 141.2 and 55.6 per million of people per year. Leukemias, lymphomas, Central nervous system (CNS) tumors and soft tissue sarcomas showed IR´s of 60.1, 20.5, 25.7 and 9.4, respectively. 5-years OS was 48%, and showed an improvement from 24.9%±4.3 to 51.8%±4.6, compared 1992-96 vs 2002-06 periods.Conclusion: The IR found is comparable with those from affluent countries. Taking into account that pediatric cancer is curable in about 75-80% of the cases, an enormous challenge is presented to the Colombian health system: to improve current clinical results.
Self-reported tooth loss and cognitive function: Data from the Hispanic established populations for epidemiologic studies of the elderly (Hispanic EPESE)
Authors: Reyes Ortiz Carlos A , Luque John S , Eriksson Charlotta K , Soto Libia 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To explore the association between tooth loss and cognitive functioning among persons 65 years and older.Methods: Data from the Hispanic Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (Wave 1: 1993-1994, n= 3,032; Wave 2: 1995-1996, n= 2,424; and Wave 3: 1998-1999, n= 1,967). The dependent variables were the scores from the total Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE: score 0-30) and its global domains (memory: score 0-6; and no-memory: score 0-24). Independent variables included the number of teeth (0-12 vs. 13-32), socio-demographic characteristics, last dental office visit, medical conditions, depressive symptoms, and functional limitations which were tested for associations with the dependent variables.Results: In bivariate analyses, participants with fewer teeth (0-12) tended to have significantly lower mean scores for memory, no-memory, and total MMSE when compared to those with more teeth (13-32), both at baseline and at follow-up. In fully adjusted longitudinal-mixed models, participants with fewer teeth had a greater decline in total MMSE through five years of follow-up with a decrease of 0.12 fewer points each year (SE ± 0.05, p <0.01), when compared to those with more teeth.Conclusion: Having fewer teeth was associated with greater cognitive decline over time.
Prediction of prolonged mechanical ventilation for intensive care unit patients: A cohort study
Authors: Sanabria Alvaro , Gomez Ximena , Vega Valentin , Dominguez Luis Carlos , Osorio Camilo 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: There are no established guidelines for selecting patients for early tracheostomy. The aim was to determine the factors that could predict the possibility of intubation longer than 7 days in critically ill adult patients.Methods: This is cohort study made at a general intensive care unit. Patients who required at least 48 hours of mechanical ventilation were included. Data on the clinical and physiologic features were collected for every intubated patient on the third day. Uni- and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to determine the variables associated with extubation. Results: 163 (62%) were male, and the median age was 59±17 years. Almost one-third (36%) of patients required mechanical ventilation longer than 7 days. The variables strongly associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation were: age (HR 0.97 (95% CI 0.96-0.99); diagnosis of surgical emergency in a patient with a medical condition (HR 3.68 (95% CI 1.62-8.35), diagnosis of surgical condition-non emergency (HR 8.17 (95% CI 2.12-31.3); diagnosis of non-surgical-medical condition (HR 5.26 (95% CI 1.85-14.9); APACHE II (HR 0.91 (95% CI 0.85-0.97) and SAPS II score (HR 1.04 (95% CI 1.00-1.09) The area under ROC curve used for prediction was 0.52. 16% of patients were extubated after day 8 of intubation.Conclusions: It was not possible to predict early extubation in critically ill adult patients with invasive mechanical ventilation with common clinical scales used at the ICU. However, the probability of successfully weaning patients from mechanical ventilation without a tracheostomy is low after the eighth day of intubation.
Status of allele frequency and diversity of Plasmodium falciparum msp1, msp2 and glurp before implementation of artemisinin based combined therapy in Northwest Colombia
Authors: Maestre Amanda , Arango Eliana , Carmona-Fonseca Jaime 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: msp1, msp2 and glurp allele frequency and diversity of P. falciparum in Northwest Colombia before introduction of artemisinin combined schemes has been explored by few authors and in relatively small number of samples from this highly endemic region.
Objective: To evaluate the msp1, msp2, and glurp allele frequency and diversity of P. falciparum in two Colombian regions before use of artemisinin combined therapy.
Methods: This study was part of a major antimalarial efficacy trial designed as a random clinical controlled study, in which 224 subjects were recruited. Region 2 of msp1 and msp2 (central region) were amplified by a nested PCR; glurp (region RII) was amplified by a semi-nested PCR.
Results: For msp1, five genotypes were observed, representing K1, MAD20, and RO33 allelic families. All samples corresponded with a MAD20 150 bp allele. For msp2 (IC family), two alleles were detected and for glurp, eight were observed. A total 33 haplotypes were detected
Conclusions: Analysis of glurp can be used to successfully genotype parasite populations in new studies in Colombia aimed at exploring Plasmodium spp. population dynamics. In addition, analysis of msp1 and msp2 can also be of value to compare with past studies, but not when the objective is to study parasites obtained from the same patient in a reduced period of time, for instance, during treatment efficacy studies.