bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardized treatment to improve hypertension control in primary health care: The HEARTS in the Americas Initiative
Authors: DiPette Donald J. , Goughnour Kenneth , Zuniga Eric , Skeete Jamario , Ridley Emily , Angell Sonia , Brettler Jeffrey , Campbell Norm R. C. , Coca Antionio , Connell Kenneth , Doon Rohit , Jaffe Marc , Lopez‐Jaramillo Patricio , Moran Andrew , Orias Marcelo , Pineiro Daniel J. , Rosende Andres , González Yamilé Valdés , Ordunez Pedro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide. Despite the availability of effective antihypertensive medications, the control of hypertension at a global level is dismal, and consequently, the CVD burden continues to increase. In response, countries in Latin America and the Caribbean are implementing the HEARTS in the Americas, a community‐based program that focuses on increasing hypertension control and CVD secondary prevention through risk factor mitigation. One key pillar is the implementation of a standardized hypertension treatment protocol supported by a small, high‐quality formulary. This manuscript describes the methodology used by the HEARTS in the Americas program to implement a population‐based standardized hypertension treatment protocol. It is rooted in a seamless transition from existing treatment practices to best practice using pharmacologic protocols built around a core set of ideal antihypertensive medications. In alignment with recent major hypertension guidelines, the HEARTS in the Americas protocols call for the rapid control of blood pressure, through the use of two antihypertensive medications, preferably in the form of a single pill, fixed‐dose combination, in the initial treatment of hypertension. To date, the HEARTS in the Americas program has seen the improvement in antihypertensive medication formularies and the establishment of pharmacologic treatment protocols tailored to individual participating countries. This has translated to significant increases in hypertension control rates post‐program implementation in these jurisdictions. Thus, the HEARTS in the Americas program could serve as a model, for not only the Americas Region but globally, and ultimately decrease the burden of CVD.
RNA sequence analysis of dermal papilla cells’ regeneration in 3D culture
Authors: Lin Guanyu , Yin Guoqian , Ye Jun , Pan Xinyuan , Zhu Jiangying , Lin Bojie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is well known that dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are crucial for hair follicle growth and regeneration. However, dermal papilla cells in 2D culture could lose their ability of regeneration after several passage intervals. As opposed to DPCs in 2D culture, the DPCs in 3D culture could passage extensively. However, the molecular mechanisms of DPCs’ regeneration in 3D culture remain unclear. Accordingly, gene sequencing is recommended for the investigation of hair regeneration between 2D and 3D culture, the three groups were established including DPCs in passage 2 in 2D culture, DPCs in passage 8 in 2D culture and DPCs in passage 8 in 3D culture. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the Venn diagram of these three groups, which included 1642 known and 359 novel genes, respectively. A total of 1642 known genes were used for Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Gene, Genomic Encyclopedia (KEGG) pathway enrichment and protein‐protein interaction (PPI) analyses, respectively. The functions and pathways of DEGs were enriched in biological regulation, signal transduction and immune system, etc. The key module and the top 10 hub genes (IL1B, CXCL12, HGF, EGFR, APP, CCL2, PTGS2, MMP9, NGF and SPP1) were also identified using the Cytoscape application. Furthermore, the qRT‐PCR results of the three groups validated that the hub genes were crucial for hair growth. In conclusion, the ten identified hub genes and related pathways in the current study can be used to understand the molecular mechanism of hair growth, and those provided a possibility for hair regeneration.
Early‐life effects on body size in each sex interact to determine reproductive success in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides
Authors: Bladon Eleanor K. , English Sinead , Pascoal Sonia , Kilner Rebecca M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEarly‐life conditions have been shown to have a profound effect on an animal's body size and fecundity across diverse taxa. However, less is known about how early‐life effects on fecundity within each sex interact to determine reproductive success. We used experiments with burying beetles Nicrophorus vespilloides to analyse this problem. The nutritional conditions experienced by burying beetles in early life are a key determinant of adult body size in both sexes, and adult body size in turn influences male reproductive tactics. In previous work, we showed that smaller males are more effective than larger males at stimulating virgin female fecundity. In this study, we manipulated male and female body size by restricting access to food in early development. We then conducted breeding assays, in which small and large females were mated sequentially with small and large males, and then allowed to raise offspring without paternal care. We tested whether large females, which are potentially more fecund, laid even more eggs when mated with small males. We found no evidence to support this prediction. Instead, we detected only a weak non‐significant trend in the predicted direction and no equivalent trend in the number of larvae produced. However, we did find that larvae attained a greater mass by the end of development when their mother was large and mated with a small male first. We suggest that large females might have evolved counter‐measures that prevent exploitation by small fecundity‐stimulating males, including partial filial cannibalism. By eating surplus larvae during reproduction, larger females would leave more of the carrion for their offspring to consume. This could explain why their surviving larvae are able to attain a greater mass by the time they complete their development.
Mourilyan virus pathogenicity in kuruma shrimp (Penaeus japonicus)
Authors: Cowley Jeff A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe bunyavirus Mourilyan virus (MoV) occurs commonly in Black tiger (Penaeus monodon) and kuruma shrimp (Penaeus japonicus) farmed in eastern Australia. There is circumstantial evidence of MoV causing mortalities among P. japonicus moved from farm ponds to tanks for rearing as broodstock. To directly assess its pathogenic potential, independent cohorts of pond‐ (n = 24) or tank‐reared juvenile (n = 21) P. japonicus were challenged intramuscularly with a cephalothorax tissue homogenate of P. monodon containing high loads of MoV (1.48 ± 0.28 × 108 MoV RNA copies/µg total RNA). In each trial, mortalities accumulated gradually among the saline‐injected controls. Mortality onset occurred 12–14 days earlier in the pond‐reared shrimp, possibly due to them possessing low‐level pre‐existing MoV infections. Despite the time to onset of mortality differing, Kaplan–Meier survival analyses confirmed mortality rates to be significantly higher in both the pond‐ (p = .017) and tank‐reared shrimp (p = .031) challenged with MoV. RT‐qPCR data on shrimp sampled progressively over each trial showed high loads of MoV to establish following challenge and discounted GAV and other endemic viruses from contributing to mortality. Together, the data show that acute MoV infection can adversely compromise the survival of juvenile P. japonicus.
Histological and molecular characterization of the growing nasal septum in mice
Authors: Baddam Pranidhi , Kung Tiffany , Adesida Adetola B. , Graf Daniel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe nasal septum is a cartilaginous structure that serves as a pacemaker for the development of the midface. The septum is a hyaline cartilage which is surrounded by a perichondrium and epithelium. It remains cartilaginous anteriorly, but posteriorly it undergoes endochondral ossification to form the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid. Understanding of hyaline cartilage differentiation stems predominantly from investigations of growth plate cartilage. It is currently unclear if the morphological and molecular properties of the differentiating nasal septum align with what is known from the growth plate. In this study, we describe growth, molecular, and cellular characteristics of the nasal septum with reference to hyaline cartilage differentiation. The nasal septum grows asynchronous across its length with phases of rapid growth interrupted by more stagnant growth. Growth appears to be driven predominantly by acquisition of chondrocyte hypertrophy. Similarly, cellular differentiation is asynchronous, and differentiation observed in the anterior part precedes posterior differentiation. Overall, the nasal septum is structurally and molecularly heterogeneous. Early and extensive chondrocyte hypertrophy but no ossification is observed in the anterior septum. Onset of hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation coincided with collagen fiber deposition along the perichondrium. Sox9, Col2, Col10, Mmp13, Sp7, and Runx2 expression was heterogeneous and did not always follow the expected pattern established from chondrocyte differentiation in the growth plate. The presence of hypertrophic chondrocytes expressing bone‐related proteins early on in regions where the nasal septum does not ossify displays incongruities with current understanding of hyaline cartilage differentiation. Runx2, Collagen II, Collagen X, and Sp7 commonly used to mark distinct stages of chondrocyte maturation and early bone formation show wider expression than expected and do not align with expected cellular characteristics. Thus, the hyaline cartilage of the nasal septum is quite distinct from growth plate hyaline cartilage, and caution should be taken before assigning cartilage properties to less well‐defined cartilage structures using these commonly used markers. Beyond the structural description of the nasal cartilage, this study also provides important information for cartilage tissue engineering when using nasal septal cartilage for tissue regeneration.
The institutional work of a social enterprise operating in a subsistence marketplace: Using the business model as a market‐shaping tool
Authors: Faruque Aly Hussein , Mason Katy , Onyas Winfred 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe void between formal and informal institutionalized practices that coexist in subsistence marketplaces can render them inaccessible to subsistence consumer–merchants. We conducted an in‐depth auto‐ethnographic study of Novo Dia Developments, a social enterprise in Maputo, Mozambique, seeking to make the housing market accessible. Our study extends the extant understanding of the transformation of subsistence marketplaces in two ways. First, our study characterizes the institutional work done by a social enterprise to open up a subsistence marketplace. Second, our study theorizes the business models in use as a mechanism through which institutional work can be organized and performed, by (a) transforming an idea for market change into new market offerings and practices that begin to fill the void, (b) materializing and making visible other institutional voids that need to be filled, and (c) serving as a juncture at which formal and informal institutionalized practices can connect.
Financial capability of student loan holders who are college students, graduates, or dropouts
Authors: Xiao Jing Jian , Porto Nilton , Mason Irene McIvor 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEffective consumer financial education provides relevant information to meet special needs of targeted audiences. The purpose of this study is to examine differences in financial capability among student loan holders who are college students, graduates, and dropouts. Using data from the 2015 U.S. National Financial Capability Study, the results show that student loan holders who have completed their education program have higher scores in all financial capability indicators than college students and dropouts. Further analyses show differences in specific financial knowledge items among college students, graduates, and dropouts. In addition, college graduates are more likely to perform several specific desirable financial behaviors than college students and dropouts. The findings suggest that financial educators should emphasize action taking when they provide financial education for student loan holders who are college students and dropouts.
The Rule of Law in Fragile States: Dictatorship, Collapse, and the Politics of Religion in Post‐Colonial Somalia
Authors: MASSOUD MARK FATHI 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe fate of the rule of law in fragile states rests in religious politics. Three defining periods of Somali politics illustrate this argument. First is the authoritarian regime of Mohamed Siad Barre in Somalia (1969–1991). This dictatorship used religion to rule by law. The regime executed religious leaders for disagreeing with the government's interpretation of Islam. Second is the rise of Islamic courts in Mogadishu, Somalia's capital city (1991–2007). The Islamic courts apprehended criminals, expelled warlords, and provided spaces for Somalis to resolve disputes peacefully. Third is the breakaway of Somaliland (1991–present). Somaliland has advanced Islamic legal principles to build peace and constitutional law. Taken together, these three periods demonstrate how religious politics transform law and society.
Barriers and facilitators of engagement in psychological therapies among older adults with depression: A systematic review and thematic synthesis
Authors: Liu Yuan , Gellatly Judith 
Published: October 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

The utilization rate of psychological therapies is low in older adults with depression.

The barriers and facilitators to engaging in psychological therapies experienced by older adults with depression are unclear.

What does the paper add to existing knowledge?

Personal suitability for therapy engagement, practical abilities, personal therapy preferences, and familiarity with psychological therapies are associated with psychological therapy engagement.

Psychological therapists can also impact psychological therapy engagement among older adults with depression.

What are the implications for practice?

Proving the effectiveness and suitability of chosen psychological therapies is important for improving therapy engagement.

Strategies for handling functional impairments among older adults with depression are necessary for engaging this population in psychological therapies.

Although in‐home psychological therapies are accessible, barriers to handling the technologies used for delivering the therapies should be addressed.

More methods of accessing information about psychological therapies should be available to older adults in order for them to increase their knowledge on the topic.

Psychological therapists should have positive attitudes and the competence to treat depression in older adults.

AbstractIntroductionAlthough psychological therapies are preferred by older adults, the utilization rate of these therapies is significantly low in older adults with depression. Understanding the barriers and facilitators to engaging in psychological therapies experienced by older adults is important for improving utilization rates.AimThis review aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators to engaging in psychological therapies experienced by older adults with depression.MethodsA systematic review of qualitative studies on psychological therapy engagement among older adults with depression. Relevant published studies and grey literature were searched. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The results of the included studies were synthesized using thematic synthesis.ResultsPersonal suitability for therapy engagement, practical abilities, personal therapy preferences and familiarity with psychological therapies was associated with therapy engagement. Therapists’ competencies also affected therapy engagement.DiscussionOlder adult's personal health status and requirements for psychological therapy should be considered.Implications for practiceMental health practitioners should consider whether specific psychological therapies are beneficial and acceptable for older adults. Improvements are needed in older adult's familiarity with psychological therapies and the ability of therapists to address the mental problems of older adults.
Phylogeny and biogeography of Fagus (Fagaceae) based on 28 nuclear single/low‐copy loci
Authors: Jiang Lu , Bao Qin , He Wei , Fan Deng‐Mei , Cheng Shan‐Mei , López‐Pujol Jordi , Chung Myong Gi , Sakaguchi Shota , Sánchez‐González Arturo , Gedik Aysun , Li De‐Zhu , Kou Yi‐Xuan , Zhang Zhi‐Yong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFagus L. is a key component in temperate deciduous broadleaf forests of the Northern Hemisphere. However, its biogeographic history has not been examined under the framework of a fully resolved and reasonably time‐calibrated phylogeny. In this study, we sequenced 28 nuclear single/low‐copy loci (18 555 bp in total) of 11 Fagus species/segregates and seven outgroups. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using both concatenation‐based (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference) and coalescent‐based methods (StarBEAST2, ASTRAL). The monophyly of two subgenera (Fagus and Engleriana) and most sections was well supported, except for sect. Lucida, which was paraphyletic with respect to sect. Longipetiolata. We also found a major phylogenetic conflict among North American, East Asian, and West Eurasian lineages of subgen. Fagus. Three segregates that have isolated distribution (F. mexicana, F. multinervis, and F. orientalis) were independent evolutionary units. Biogeographic analysis with fossils suggested that Fagus could have originated in the North Pacific region in late early Eocene. Major diversifications coincided with a climate aberration at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary and the global cooling since mid‐Miocene. The late Miocene accelerated global cooling and the Pleistocene glaciations would have driven beeches into East Asia, North America, and West Eurasia. Meanwhile, range reduction and extinction in high latitudes, central Asia, and western North America converged to form the beech modern distribution pattern. This study provides a first attempt to disentangle the biogeographic history of beeches in the context of a nearly resolved and time‐calibrated phylogeny, which could shed new insights into the formation of the temperate biome in the Northern Hemisphere.
Water relations of “trailing‐edge” evergreen oaks in the semi‐arid upper Yangtze region, SE Himalaya
Authors: He Xiao‐Fang , Wang Song‐Wei , Sun Hang , Körner Christian , Yang Yang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnlike the well‐understood cold limit of trees, the causes of the dry trailing edge of trees await explanation. Here we aimed at explaining the drought limit of an evergreen oak species (Quercus pannosas.l.) in a typical dry valley of the upper Yangtze region, SE Himalaya, where rains (ca. 250 mm/a) are largely confined to the typical monsoon season (July–August) with drought during the remaining 9–10 months. We capitalized on an unintentional year‐round irrigation treatment with trees growing along the overflow of a water reservoir serving as moist controls. We measured shoot water potential (Ψ), leaf conductance (g), flushing phenology, leaf mass per area (LMA), foliar and stem δ13C, leaf nutrients, and non‐structural carbohydrates across the transition from non‐monsoon to monsoon season, from April to August 2018. At the dry site, Ψ and g were high during the monsoon but declined to <−3 MPa as drought proceeded in the non‐monsoon season. Irrigated oaks retained high values year‐round. Oaks experiencing the natural drought flushed at the full strength onset of the monsoon only, that is, 80 days later than irrigated oaks. The annual shoot increment in oaks under natural drought was ca. 10% of that in irrigated oaks. However, mature foliage showed no difference in LMA and δ13C between dry and moist sites. We conclude that these oaks drastically reduce their activity in response to drought, with growth strictly confined to the monsoon season, the minimum duration of which, presumably is setting the range limit.
The hypercontractile esophagus: Still a tough nut to crack
Authors: Savarino Edoardo , Smout André J. P. M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHypercontractile esophagus (HE), also known as jackhammer esophagus, is an esophageal motility disorder. Nowadays, high‐resolution manometry (HRM) is used to diagnose the disorder. According to the latest iteration of the Chicago classification, HE is present when at least 2 out 10 liquid swallow‐induced peristaltic waves have an abnormally high Distal Contractile Integral. In the era of conventional manometry, a similar condition, referred to as nutcracker esophagus, was diagnosed when the peristaltic contractions had an abnormally high mean amplitude. Although the HRM diagnosis of HE is relatively straight‐forward, effective management of the disorder is challenging as the correlation with symptoms is variable and treatment effects are dubious. In this mini‐review, we discuss the most troublesome uncertainties that still surround HE, in the light of new data on etiology and epidemiology published in this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility.
Climate and stomatal traits drive covariation in nighttime stomatal conductance and daytime gas exchange rates in a widespread C4 grass
Authors: Chieppa Jeff , Brown Tia , Giresi Presley , Juenger Thomas E. , Resco de Dios Víctor , Tissue David T. , Aspinwall Michael J. 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Nighttime stomatal conductance (gsn) varies among plant functional types and species, but factors shaping the evolution of gsn remain unclear. Examinations of intraspecific variation in gsn as a function of climate and co‐varying leaf traits may provide new insight into the evolution of gsn and its adaptive significance.

We grew 11 genotypes of Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) representing differing home‐climates in a common garden experiment and measured nighttime and daytime leaf gas exchange, as well as stomatal density (SD) and size during early‐, mid‐, and late‐summer. We used piecewise structural equation modelling to determine direct and indirect relationships between home‐climate, gas exchange, and stomatal traits.

We found no direct relationship between home‐climate and gsn. However, genotypes from hotter climates possessed higher SD, which resulted in higher gsn. Across genotypes, higher gsn was associated with higher daytime stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis.

Our results indicate that higher gsn may arise in genotypes from hotter climates via increased SD. High SD may provide benefits to genotypes from hotter climates through enhanced daytime transpirational cooling or by permitting maximal gas exchange when conditions are suitable. These results highlight the role of climate and trait coordination in shaping genetic differentiation in gsn.