bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Maxwell crossover and the van der Waals equation of state
Authors: Liu Hongqin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The well-known Maxwell construction1 (the equal-area rule, EAR) was devised for vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) calculation with the van der Waals (vdW) equation of state (EoS)2. The EAR generates an intermediate volume between the saturated liquid and vapor volumes. The trajectory of the intermediate volume over the coexistence region is defined here as the Maxwell crossover, denoted as the M-line, which is independent of EoS. For the vdW or any cubic3 EoS, the intermediate volume corresponds to the “unphysical” root, while other two corresponding to the saturated volumes of vapor and liquid phases, respectively. Due to it’s “unphysical” nature, the intermediate volume has always been discarded. Here we show that the M-line, which turns out to be strictly related to the diameter4 of the coexistence curve, holds the key to solving several major issues. Traditionally the coexistence curve with two branches is considered as the extension of the Widom line5,6-9. This assertion causes an inconsistency in three planes of temperature, pressure and volume. It is found that the M-line is the natural extension of the Widom line into the vapor-liquid coexistence region. As a result, the united single line coherently divides the entire phase space, including the coexistence and supercritical fluid regions, into gas-like and liquid-like regimes in all the planes. Moreover, along the M-line the vdW EoS finds a new perspective to access the second-order transition in a way better aligning with observations and modern theory10. Lastly, by using the feature of the M-line, we are able to derive a highly accurate and analytical proximate solution to the VLE problem with the vdW EoS.
Association of Clinicopathological Features with IgA Nephropathy: A&nbsp;Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Li Mei , Peng Liang , Wan Li-Li , Liu Hai-Yang , Xia Ming , Wu Ling-Zhi , Li Yan , Wang Chang , Chen Guo-Chun , Liu Yu , Liu Hong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: IgA nephropathy(IgAN) is the leading form of glomerular disease worldwide. Currently, the pathogenesis of IgAN is unclear and IgAN can only be diagnosed by renal biopsy, which lacks non-invasive methods. This study aims to analyze the association between clinicopathological characteristics and IgAN by principal component analysis. Methods: Based on a combination of z-test and PCA, the fit of this model was evaluated with logistic regression analyses. Results: Data from 847 patients with biopsy-proven IgAN in 1395 cases from May 2008 to April 2013 were analyzed. the average age is 33.156±12.308 years old and males account for 43%. Z-test selected 27 clinical and pathological indicators related to IgAN, and the principal component prediction model was established based on these 27 indicators. Logistic regression model providing 91.93% IgAN renal recall rate and 71.29% overall accuracy, which shows that the PCA model has high reliability. Conclusions: As the model result shows, the higher level spheroid hardening rate, serum creatinine, blood uric acid and lower level eGFR might promote the occurrence of IgAN, which also provides more information for non-invasive diagnosis of IgAN patients.
An overview of basics for developing a reopening roadmap amid COVID-19 pandemic, a suggestion for the world
Authors: Askarian Mehrdad , Groot Gary , Taherifard Ehsan , Taherifard Erfan , Akbarialiabad Hossein , Borazjani Roham , Askarian Ardalan , Taghrir Mohammad Hossein 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The necessity of easing pandemic restrictions is apparent, and due to the harsh consequences of lockdowns, governments are willing to find a rational pathway to reopen their activities. To find out the basics of developing a reopening roadmap, we reviewed 16 roadmaps. The most notable findings are as following: Protecting the high-risk groups, increasing testing and contact tracing capacity, making decisions scientifically, and making the decisions to impose the lowest risks to the economy were the most principles mentioned in the roadmaps. Social distancing, using a face-covering mask, and washing hands were the necessary preventive actions that were recommended for individuals. Health key metrics pointed out in the roadmaps were categorized into four subsets; sufficient preventive capacities, appropriate diagnosis capacity, appropriate epidemiological monitoring capacity, and sufficient health system capacity to be resilient in facing the surges and next phases of the pandemic. All roadmaps describe their in-phases strategy in three major steps, with a minimum of two weeks considered for each phase. Based on the health key metrics, most of the roadmaps noted when progressing to the next phases, while some of them did not focus on the criteria of returning to the previous phase; which may alter the dynamicity of a roadmap.
Antimicrobial resistance and metallo-beta-lactamase producing among commensal Escherichia coli isolates from healthy children of Khuzestan and Fars provinces; Iran
Authors: Mahmoodi Fahimeh , Rezatofighi Seyedeh Elham , Akhoond Mohammad Reza 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The emergence of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing isolates is alarming since they carry mobile genetic elements with great ability to spread; therefore, early detection of these isolates, particularly their reservoir, is crucial to prevent their inter- and intra-care setting dissemination and establish suitable antimicrobial therapies. The current study was designed to evaluate the frequency of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), MBL producers and identification of MBL resistance genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from fecal samples of the healthy children under three years old.Methods: A total of 412 fecal E. coli isolates were collected from October 2017 to December 2018. The study population included healthy infants and children aged <3 years who did not exhibit symptoms of any diseases, especially gastrointestinal diseases. E. coli isolates were assessed to determine the pattern of AMR. E. coli isolates were assessed to determine the pattern of AMR, the production of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and MBL by phenotypic methods. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were investigated for the presence of MBL and carbapenemase genes, plasmid profiling, and the ability of conjugation.Results: In sum, AMR, multi-drug resistance (MDR) and ESBL production were observed in more than 54.9%, 36.2% and 11.7% of commensal E. coli isolates, respectively. Out of six isolates resistant to imipenem and meropenem, four isolates were phenotypically detected as MBL producers. Two and one E. coli strains carried the blaNDM-1 and blaVIM-2 genes, respectively and were able to transmit imipenem resistance through conjugation. Conclusion: Our findings showed that children not exposed to antibiotics can be colonized by E. coli isolates resistant to the commonly used antimicrobial compounds and can be a good indicator for the occurrence and prevalence of AMR in the community. These bacteria can act as a potential reservoir of AMR genes including MBL genes of pathogenic bacteria and lead to the dissemination of resistance mechanisms to other bacteria.
WITHDRAWN: A Comparison of SAA Levels in Children With Viral CNS Infection and Kawasaki’s Disease
Authors: Yang Hui , Huo Ran 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiological differences of SAA in children with viral central nervous system (CNS) infection and Kawasaki’s Disease(KD). The former is viral invasion of central nervous system, whereas the latter is a viral systemic vasculitis. Differences in the SAA concentration in the blood and the proportion of high level SAA cases reflected the influence of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) on the concentration of peripheral blood infection markers.Methods: The SAA data comprised 226 consecutive cases of children, including 112 cases of viral CNS infection and 114 cases of KD. Differences in the proportion and concentration of SAA in the cases of the two groups were verified with a Kruskal-Wallis H-test and the chi-square test.Results: The concentration of SAA differed between children with KD and viral CNS infection, and the high level SAA proportion was lower in children with viral CNS infection compared to that in the KD group.Conclusions: The observed differences may be due to the sequestration effect, as the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) can compartmentalize the pathogens at the site of disease. Therefore, other organs are unable to be stimulated to release additional SAA.
In bromeliad phytotelma, anthropic disturbance does not affect the nematode trophic structure
Authors: Almeida Alexandre Macedo , Filho Janeo Eustáquio Almeida , Souza Ricardo Moreira 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Phytotelmata (sing. phytotelma) are plant-associated reservoirs of rainwater and organic debris. These freshwater ecosystems are found in tree and bamboo holes, pitcher plants, and tank-forming bromeliads. Some studies suggest that anthropic disturbance (AD) may change the physico-chemical properties (PCPs) of the water retained in the phytotelma, and indirectly impact its biota. Hence, new AD-bioindicators could be found in the phytotelma biota. To test this hypothesis, three areas of Atlantic Forest were selected, distinct only by the level of long-term AD. In these areas, we monitored the nematode trophic structure and the water PCPs in the bromeliad Neoregelia cruenta during two years (eight seasons). Significant differences among areas were found in some seasons for total nematode abundance and/or the abundance of some trophic groups, but no pattern emerged relative to the level of AD. Anthropic disturbance did not impact nematode trophic structure possibly because the water PCPs remained fairly similar in all three areas. Our results do not corroborate previous reports that AD alters phytotelma water. On the other hand, our findings support previous studies suggesting that nematodes inhabiting bromeliad phytotelma are not good candidates for AD-bioindicators.
Etiology of hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients with complicated cervical spine injury. A retrospective study
Authors: Pervukhin Sergey A. , Filichkina E. A. , Statcenko I. A. , Palmash A. V. , Vitkovskaya I. V. , Lebedeva M. N. 
Published: November 2020

Objective. To study the etiological structure and antimicrobial resistance of hospital-acquired pneumonia pathogens in patients with complicated cervical spine injury.
Materials and methods. A retrospective study included 418 bacterial isolates from sputum in 29 patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia who were treated in ICU during the period 2012–2013 and 2017–2018.
Results. The most common pathogens from the lower respiratory tract, both in 2012–2013 and in 2017–2018 were Pseudomonas аeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae. The share of K. pneumoniae in 2017–2018 increased by 16.8 % (3.2 times more often), and the share of microorganisms of the Enterobacteriaceae — by 26.7 % (р < 0.001). The dynamic’s analysis shows an increase in the resistance of hospital gram-negative pathogens of hospital-acquired pneumonia to the main antimicrobial classes and an increase of the frequency of extremely resistant pathogens in 2017–2018 P. aeruginosa by 19.9 % (р = 0.008), A. baumannii by 13.8 % (р = 0.189), K. pneumoniae by 66.7 % (р < 0.001).
Conclusion. Gram-negative microorganisms are the leading pathogens of hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients with complicated cervical spine injury. An increase of the level of antibiotic resistance creates an unfavorable background regarding the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy for hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients with a complicated cervical spine injury.
Crystal chemistry of schreibersite, (Fe,Ni)3P
Authors: Britvin Sergey N. , Krzhizhanovskaya Maria G. , Zolotarev Andrey A. , Gorelova Liudmila A. , Obolonskaya Edita V. , Vlasenko Natalia S. , Shilovskikh Vladimir V. , Murashko Mikhail N. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Schreibersite, (Fe,Ni)3P, the most abundant cosmic phosphide, is a principal carrier of phosphorus in the natural Fe-Ni-P system and a likely precursor for prebiotic organophosphorus compounds at the early stages of Earth’s evolution. The crystal structure of the mineral contains three metal sites allowing for unrestricted substitution of Fe for Ni. The distribution of these elements across the structure could serve as a tracer of crystallization conditions of schreibersite and its parent celestial bodies. However, discrimination between Fe (Z = 26) and Ni (Z = 28) based on the conventional X-ray structural analysis was for a long time hampered due to the proximity of their atomic scattering factors. We herein show that this problem has been overcome with the implementation of area detectors in the practice of X-ray diffraction. We report on previously unknown site-specific substitution trends in schreibersite structure. The composition of the studied mineral encompasses a Ni content ranging between 0.03 and 1.54 Ni atoms per formula unit (apfu): the entire Fe-dominant side of the join Fe3P-Ni3P. Of 23 schreibersite crystals studied, 22 comprise magmatic and non-magmatic iron meteorites and main group pallasites. The near end-member mineral (0.03 Ni apfu) comes from the pyrometamorphic rocks of the Hatrurim Basin, Negev desert, Israel. It was found that Fe/Ni substitution in schreibersite follows the same trends in all studied meteorites. The dependencies are nonlinear and can be described by second-order polynomials. However, the substitution over the M2 and M3 sites within the most common range of compositions (0.6 &lt; Ni &lt;1.5 apfu) is well approximated by a linear regression: Ni(M2) = 0.84 × Ni(M3) – 0.30 apfu (standard error 0.04 Ni apfu). The analysis of the obtained results shows a strong divergence between the variation of unit-cell parameters of natural schreibersite and those of synthetic (Fe,Ni)3P. This indicates that Fe/Ni substitution trends in the mineral and its synthetic surrogates are different. A plausible explanation might be related to the differences in the system equilibration time of meteoritic schreibersite (millions of years) and synthetic (Fe,Ni)3P (~100 days). However, regardless of the reason for the observed difference, synthetic (Fe,Ni)3P cannot be considered a structural analog of natural schreibersite, and this has to be taken into account when using synthetic (Fe,Ni)3P as an imitator of schreibersite in reconstructions of natural processes.
Effective removal of fly ash by Penicillium chrysogenum and determination of direct fly ash toxicity with Daphnia magna
Authors: Ertit Taştan Burcu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study demonstrates the removal of fly ash with Penicillium chrysogenum, a newly isolated species of fungus, and acute toxicity assessment with Daphnia magna. In the study, two different removal mechanisms were compared, both bio-removal and bio-sorption. Six different ash and three different biomass concentrations were used simultaneously. Although other fungal species in the literature failed at such a high concentration of fly ash, P. chrysogenum was able to tolerate it even at 10% concentration. The highest bio-removal yield was recorded as 100% at 0.5% fly ash concentration. Maximum bio-sorption yield was 95.27% after 24th hour. The evaluation results of fly ash bio-toxicity by D. magna showed that the no observed effect level (NOEL) was 0.2 mg/L and the low observed effect level (LOEL) was 0.5 mg/L. The element analysis, determined by ED-XRF, clarified that Ca, Si, Fe and S were the common elements in this ash. This is the first study in the literature where fly ash removal was carried out using P. chrysogenum for both bio-removal and bio-sorption and needs to be developed in the future.
Sewage surveillance for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 genome as a useful wastewater based epidemiology (WBE) tracking tool in India
Authors: Arora Sudipti , Nag Aditi , Sethi Jasmine , Rajvanshi Jayana , Saxena Sonika , Shrivastava Sandeep K. , Gupta A. B. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The infection with SARS-CoV-2 is reported to be accompanied by the shedding of the virus in fecal samples of infected patients. Earlier reports have suggested that COVID-19 agents can be present in the sewage samples and thus it can be a good indication of the pandemic extent in a community. However, no such studies have been reported in the Indian context. Hence, it becomes absolutely necessary to detect the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 in the wastewater samples from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) serving different localities of Jaipur city. Samples from different WWTPs and hospital wastewater samples were collected and wastewater based epidemiology (WBE) studies were carried out using the RT-PCR to confirm the presence of different COVID-19 target genes namely S gene, E gene, ORF1ab gene, RdRp gene and N gene. The results revealed that the untreated wastewater samples showed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral genome, which was correlated with the increased number of COVID-19 positive patients from the concerned areas, as reported in the publically available health data. This is the first study that investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral genome in wastewater, at higher ambient temperature (45 °C), further validating WBE as potential tool in predicting and mitigating outbreaks.
Novel Antidiabetic Agents: Cardiovascular and Safety Outcomes
Authors: Siasos Gerasimos , Bletsa Evanthia , Stampouloglou Panagiota K. , Paschou Stavroula A. , Oikonomou Evangelos , Tsigkou Vasiliki , Antonopoulos Alexios S. , Vavuranakis Manolis , Tousoulis Dimitrios 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Concerns of elevated cardiovascular risk with some anti-diabetic medications warranted
trials on the cardiovascular outcome to demonstrate cardiovascular safety of newly marketed anti-diabetic
drugs. Although these trials were initially designed to evaluate safety, some of these demonstrated significant
cardiovascular benefits.

Purpose of Review:
We reviewed the cardiovascular and safety outcomes of novel antidiabetic agents in patients
with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease or at high risk of it. We included the outcomes
of safety trials, randomized controlled trials, meta-analysis, large cohort studies, and real-world data, which
highlighted the cardiovascular profile of DPP-4is, GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2is.

Summary:
Although DPP-4is demonstrated non-inferiority to placebo, gaining cardiovascular safety, as well
market authorization, SGLT-2is and most of the GLP-1RAs have shown impressive cardiovascular benefits in
patients with T2D and established CVD or at high risk of it. These favorable effects of novel antidiabetic agents
on cardiovascular parameters provide novel therapeutic approaches in medical management, risk stratification
and prevention.
Plant Polyphenols: Natural and Potent UV-Protective Agents for the Prevention and Treatment of Skin Disorders
Authors: Farjadmand Fatemeh , Karimpour-Razkenari Elahe , Nabavi Seyed Mohammad , Ardekani Mohammad Reza Shams , Saeedi Mina 
Published: November 2020

:
Nowadays, destructive and immunosuppressive effects from long-term exposure to UV
radiation have been fully investigated and documented in the literature. UV radiation is known as the
main cause of skin aging and carcinogenesis. Hence, skin protection against anti-oxidative and immunosuppressive
processes is highly in demand. Now, plant polyphenols have been found as a versatile
and natural tool for the prevention and treatment of various skin diseases. The presence of a large
number of hydroxyl groups in the cyclic structure of polyphenols has induced valuable biological activities.
Among them, their UV protective activity has attracted lots of attention due to promising efficacy
and simple instruction to use.
Exploring Photoactivated Disinfection-Induced Bystander Effects on Microbial Biofilms of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Pourhajibagher Maryam , Bahador Abbas 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Photoactivated disinfection (PAD) has been indicated as one of the potential
methods for the initial periodontal therapy in periodontitis and peri-implantitis, which may
have bystander effects on the viability of off-target cells.

Objective:
In this article, we evaluated the effects of PAD-induced bystander on biofilm formation
ability, metabolic activity, and gene expression level of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
as one of the bacteria involved in causing periodontitis and peri-implantitis.

Methods:
Bystander effects induced by bacterial cell suspension (BCST) obtained from treated A.
actinomycetemcomitans culture with indocyanine green (ICG)-PAD on biofilm formation of A. actinomycetemcomitans
were determined using microbial viability assay. Additionally, metabolic activity
and changes in gene expression of fimA were assessed using the XTT reduction method and
quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay, respectively.

Results:
The results revealed that 1000 and 125 μg/mL of ICG combined with diode laser irradiation
for 1 min were significant and sub-significant reduction doses of ICG-PAD, respectively, versus
A. actinomycetemcomitans. The biofilm formation ability, metabolic activity, as well as, expression
level of fimA gene in A. actinomycetemcomitans were significantly reduced after treatment by
a significant reduction dose of ICG-PAD-induced bystander effects (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
ICG-PAD could significantly reduce the microbial population, cell metabolic activity,
and gene expression through the bystander effects and could enhance the efficiency of PAD as an
adjunct approach for the nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis and peri-implantitis.