bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Salt-Resistant and All-Weather Solar-Driven Interfacial Evaporators with Photothermal and Electrothermal Effects Based on Janus Graphene@Silicone Sponges
Authors: Li Lingxiao , Zhang Junping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Solar-driven interfacial evaporators are very promising for obtaining clean water, but suffer from serious performance degradation by salt-fouling, low evaporation rate under weak illumination and low clean water collection rate. Here, we report highly salt-resistant and all-weather evaporators with photothermal and electrothermal effects based on the Janus graphene@silicone sponges with opposing wettability. The evaporators achieve a remarkable high evaporation rate of 6.53 kg m-2 h-1 for 3.5 wt% NaCl solution under 1 sun illumination with a 5 V solar cell as compensation owing to their high solar absorption, low thermal conductivity, unique Janus structure and synergetic photothermal and electrothermal effects. Even in gloomy and dark environments, the evaporators could still generate vapor (1.51 kg m-2 h-1). Moreover, the evaporators feature long-term excellent salt-resistance, e.g., >10 d continuous evaporation in 10 wt% NaCl solution without performance degradation and salt precipitation, because of ultrafast water supply and salt diffusion in the macroporous superhydrophilic shell. Furthermore, the evaporators show high clean water collection rates of 21.92 kg m-2 d-1 (1 sun-9 h/0 sun-15 h + 5 V, indoor) and 9.65 kg m-2 d-1 (natural sun light + 5 V, outdoor). This study offers a new approach for efficiently obtaining clean water via solar desalination.
A cross-sectional survey assessing the preparedness of the long-term care sector to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Siu Henry Yu-Hin , Kristof Lorand , Elston Dawn , Hafid Abe , Mather Fred 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic is a significant public health emergency that impacts all sectors of healthcare. The negative health outcomes for the COVID-19 infection have been most severe in the frail elderly dwelling in Canadian long-term care (LTC) homes.
Methods
An online cross-sectional survey of Ontario LTC Clinicians working in LTC homes in Ontario Canada was conducted to provide the LTC clinician perspective on the preparedness and engagement of the LTC sector during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey questionnaire was developed in collaboration with the Ontario Long-Term Care Clinicians organization (OLTCC) and was distributed between March 30, 2020 to May 25, 2020. All registered members of the OLTCC and Nurse-led LTC Outreach Teams were invited to participate. The primary outcomes were: 1) the descriptive report of the screening measures implemented, communication and information received, and the preparation of the respondent’s LTC home to a potential COVID-19 outbreak; and 2) the level of agreement, as reported using a five-point Likert scale), to COVID-19 preparedness statements for the respondent’s LTC home was also assessed.
Results
The overall response rate was 54% (160/294). LTC homes implemented a wide range of important interventions (e.g. instituting established respiratory isolation protocols, active screening of new LTC admissions, increasing education on infection control processes, encouraging sick staff to take time off, etc). Ample communications pertinent to the pandemic were received from provincial LTC organizations, the government and public health officials. However, the feasibility of implementing public health recommendations, as well as the engagement of the LTC sector in pandemic planning were identified as areas of concern. Medical director status was associated with an increased knowledge of local implementation of interventions to mitigate COVID-19, as well as endorsing increased access to reliable COVID-19 information and resources to manage a potential COVID-19 outbreak in their LTC home.
Conclusions
This study highlights the communication to and implementation of recommendations in the Ontario LTC sector, despite some concerns regarding feasibility. Importantly, LTC clinician respondents clearly indicated that better engagement with LTC leaders is needed to plan a coordinated pandemic response.
Civil Society Involvement in Harm Reduction Drug Policy: Reflections on the Past, Expectations for the Future.
Authors: O'Gorman Aileen , Schatz Eberhard 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: A range of civil society organisations (CSOs) such as drug user groups, non-governmental/third sector organisations and networks of existing organisations, seek to shape the development of drugs policy at national and international levels. However, their capacity to do so is shaped by the contexts in which they operate nationally and internationally. The aim of this paper is to explore the lived experience of civil society participation in these contexts, both from the perspective of CSOs engaged in harm reduction advocacy, and the institutions they engage with, in order to inform future policy development.Methods: This paper is based on the presentations and discussions from a workshop on ‘Civil Society Involvement in Drug Policy hosted by the Correlation – European Harm Reduction Network at the International Society for the Study of Drugs Policy (ISSDP) annual conference in Paris, 2019. In the aftermath of the workshop, the authors analysed the papers and discussions and identified the key themes arising to inform CSI in developing future harm reduction policy and practice.Results: Civil society involvement (CSI) in policy decision-making and implementation is acknowledged as an important benefit to representative democracy. Yet, the accounts of CSOs demonstrate the challenges they experience in seeking to shape the contested field of drug policy. Negotiating the complex workings of political institutions, often in adversarial and heavily bureaucratic environments, proved difficult. Nonetheless, an increase in structures which formalised and resourced CSI enabled more meaningful participation at different levels and at different stages of policy making. Conclusions: Civil society spaces are colonised by a broad range of civil society actors lobbying from different ideological standpoints including those advocating for a ‘drug free world’ and those advocating for harm reduction. In these competitive arena, it may be difficult for harm reduction orientated CSOs to influence the policy process. However, the current COVID-19 public health crisis clearly demonstrates the benefits of partnership between CSOs and political institutions to address the harm reduction needs of people who use drugs. The lessons drawn from our workshop serve to inform all partners on this pathway.
Synergistic Effects of Adding a Substrate and an Organic Reductant for Stimulating the Bioremediation of 4-chloronitrobenzene-contaminated Soil
Authors: Li Tian , Zhang Ping , Qian Kun , Zhang Tian.C 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background:Soil contaminated with 4-chloronitrobenzene (4NCB) is resistant to microbial degradation due to the electron-withdrawing properties of the nitro and chloro groups in 4NCB. Currently, sufficient information is not available on how to use biostimulation strategies to enhance the bioremediation of 4NCB-contaminated soil.Results:In the present study, a novel strategy was developed by utilizing the synergistic effects of adding an organic reductant (ascorbic acid, VC) and an organic nitrogen source (peptone) to stimulate the biodegradation of 4NCB-contaminated soil. Using this strategy, the bioremediation of 1 g-4NCB/ kg-1 soil could be completed within 8 days in soil batch reactors. Furthermore, the study discovered two 4NCB cometabolic intermediates in the soil reactors added with peptone and VC, and for the first time, 4NCB was transformed to 4-chlorofromanilide.Conclusion:The proposed strategy is promising because it is highly efficient, easy to control and involves a non-toxic, environmentally friendly substrate/reductant.). Finally, this approach warrants future studies to extend its applications to soils contaminated with other nitroaromatic compounds.
Evolutionary Significance of RAV Family in 25 Plants from Chlorophyta to Angiospermae
Authors: Li Wan , Ye Minghui , Wang Dongdong , Chen Qin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Plants are easily affected by various environmental factors such as temperature, high salinity, and drought which will cause poor plant development and reduce crop yield. Transcription factors (TFs) are related to the stress resistance found in many plant species and play vital roles in the growth and development of plants. Among them, the RAV (related to ABI3/VP1) gene family, which is a plant-specific type of transcription factor containing AP2 (APETALA2) DNA binding domain and B3 DNA binding domain, is the focus in this research.Results: There more RAV genes/proteins (RAVs) were present in Gymnospermae and Angiosperm, a few RAVs in Bryophyta and Lycophyte, and no RAV gene was predicted in Chlorophyta. RAVs could be defined as three main groups, based on our phylogenetic analysis. The members of clade I included all plant stages from Chlorophyta to Angiosperm except Monocots. Clade II only contained eudicots plant species. Clade III, as a branch consisting of monocots plant species and Marchantia polymorpha, may help us explore the evolutionary relationship of RAVs between Bryophyta and Monocots. According to our results, it is shown that RAVs first appeared in bryophytes. While the vasculature continues to develop and evolve, RAV gene family also has functional differentiation and has formed new functions due to the existence of gene replication events.Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the RAVs originated from Bryophytes, and RAVs of these plant species had obvious divisions in the evolutionary tree, which revealed the evolution of RAVs. These results have guiding significance for further research.
WITHDRAWN: Bending Behaviors and Directed Self-assembly of Rod-Coil Block Copolymers
Authors: shi lingying , Lee Sangho , Du Qingyang , ran rong , Liu Runze , Ross Caroline 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The formation of zig-zags, chevrons, Y-junctions and line segments is demonstrated in thin films formed from cylindrical morphology Si-containing rod-coil diblock copolymers and triblock terpolymers under solvent annealing. Directed self-assembly of the block copolymers within trenches yields well-ordered cylindrical microdomains oriented either parallel or transverse to the sidewalls depending on the chemical functionalization of the sidewalls, and the location and structure of concentric bends in the cylinders is determined by the shape of the trenches. The innate etching contrast, the spontaneous sharp bends and junctions, and the range of demonstrated periodicity and line/space ratios make these conformationally asymmetric rod-coil polymers attractive for nanoscale pattern generation.
How Iranian Mothers Raise Their Adolescent Children: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Fallahi Fatemeh , Anoosheh Monireh , Foroughan Mahshid , Vanaki Zohreh , Kazemnejad Anoshirvan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Most parents consider adolescence to be the most difficult stage of parenting. The parental practice is a determining factor in adolescents’ academic achievement, self-esteem, independence attainment, social adjustment, and risky behaviors reduction. The main role of parenting in many societies is played by mothers. The present study aimed at explaining the Iranian mothers’ practice in parenting an adolescent child.

Methods

This qualitative conventional content analysis was conducted in 2019 in Kashan, in the central part of Iran. Totally, 20 in-depth semi-structured interviews with mothers of adolescent children were performed using a purposive sampling method. Interviews continued until data saturation was reached. Data collection and analysis were performed simultaneously using MAXQDA10 software.

Results

Regarding the study purpose, six main categories and two themes were identified. The theme of ‘laying the groundwork for upbringing’ was detected by two main categories: ‘meeting the needs’ and ‘effective interaction with the adolescent’ and the theme of ‘individual-social capacity building’ was explained by four main categories: ‘helping to gain independence’, ‘modeling individual-social behavior’, ‘socializing the adolescent’, and ‘preparing to accept future roles’.

Conclusions

A deeper understanding of maternal practice can help health professionals, especially family nurses, develop parenting programs to promote maternal literacy and adolescent health.
Early steroid pulse therapy for children with suspected acute encephalopathy: A historical cohort study
Authors: ISHIDA Yusuke , Nishiyama Masahiro , YAMAGUCHI Hiroshi , TOMIOKA Kazumi , TAKEDA Hiroki , TOKUMOTO Shoichi , TOYOSHIMA Daisaku , MARUYAMA Azusa , SEINO Yusuke , AOKI Kazunori , NOZU Kandai , KUROSAWA Hiroshi , TANAKA Ryojiro , IIJIMA Kazumoto , NAGASE Hiroaki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Steroid pulse therapy is widely used for virus-associated acute encephalopathy, especially the cytokine storm type; however, its effectiveness remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of early steroid pulse therapy for suspected acute encephalopathy in the presence of elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels.
Methods

We enrolled children admitted to Hyogo Children's Hospital between 2003 and 2017 with convulsions or impaired consciousness accompanied by fever (temperature > 38˚C). The inclusion criteria were: refractory status epilepticus or prolonged neurological abnormality or hemiplegia at six hours from onset, and AST elevation > 90 IU/L within six hours of onset. We excluded patients with a neurological history. We compared the prognosis between the groups with or without steroid pulse therapy within 24 hours. A good prognosis was defined as a Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category Scale (PCPC) score of 1–2 at the last evaluation, within 30 months of onset. Moreover, we analyzed the relationship between prognosis and time from onset to steroid pulse therapy.
Results

Fifteen patients with acute encephalopathy and five patients with febrile seizures were included in this study. Thirteen patients received steroid pulse therapy within 24 hours. There was no between-group difference in the proportion with a good prognosis. There was no significant correlation between PCPC and timing of steroid pulse therapy (rs = 0.253, p = 0.405).
Conclusions

Steroid pulse therapy within 24 hours did not improve the prognosis in children with suspected acute encephalopathy associated with AST elevation.
An analysis on service efficiency in nursing homes and spatio-temporal variation in China
Authors: Zhang Liangwen , Han Ying , Fang Ya 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Pension services market in China is still at the early stage, problems like low service efficiency and low quality of nursing care already exist. So it is inevitable to analyze the efficiency and productivity and spatio-temporal variation, as well as its influencing factors in nursing homes all over the country. Methods: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Tobit model were applied to integrate several quality measures into a comprehensive benchmarking model. We present nationwide results and analyze the spatio-temporal distribution of the (technical efficiency) TE and productivity of nursing homes among Eastern, Central and Western of China. Furthermore, Tobit model was performed to explore factors associated with TE. Results The average TE, pure technical efficiency (PTE) and scale efficiency (SE) of nursing homes for the 5-year period were 0.909. 0.928 and 0.979, respectively. The TE and SE decreased from 2012 to 2014, but improved after 2014. TE is 0.98 in the Eastern region, 0.93 of that in the Central region and 0.91 of that in the Western region, with a decrease range of 2%, 7% and 9%, respectively. The average improvement range of the five input indexes of the non-DEA effective nursing homes was 27.26%, 20.62%, 19.77%, 22.04%, and 38.84%, respectively. The influencing factors of efficiency value of nursing homes indicated that if there are more social workers, more patients in the nursing homes, and more employees who are aged 56 and above, the TE and productivity of nursing homes will be higher. Conclusions There was considerable space for TE improvement in nursing homes due to the low proportion of effective TE. The TE and SE presented a decreasing trend from 2012 to 2014, which implicated that the large SE in nursing homes with less previous standardized management should be emphasized. (total factor productivity changes)TFPC experienced a decrease in productivity due to the adverse alteration in technological changes and pure technical efficiency. The service efficiency in nursing homes is facing with the problem of imbalance of regional development. The efficiency value of nursing homes was influenced by age of employees, the number of social workers and the number of older people. The measures and suggestions on improving efficiency of care in nursing homes were put forward.
LncRNA RHPN1-AS1 promotes cholangiocarcinoma progression and predicts poor clinical outcome through miR-345-5p/YAP1 axis
Authors: Ma Lifeng , Li Tao , Liu Guochao , Wang Jianlong , Yin Zhaoqiang , Kang Jiansheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

LncRNAs have proven to be involved in the initiation and progression of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), although the mechanism by which this occurs remains unknown.
Methods

The current study reveals that RHPN1-AS1 was overexpressed in CCA patient samples, which predicted poor outcome of CCA patients. RHPN1-AS1 increased in vitro pancreatic carcinoma cell proliferation as well as promoted xenograft growth in vivo. Mechanistically, DANCR upregulated expression of YAP1 by competitively binding to miR-345-5p. Importantly, RHPN1-AS1 level was positively correlated with YAP1 expression level in CCA tissues. Moreover, YAP1 overexpression could predicted a poor outcome of CCA patients.
Results

Taken together, our results suggested that RHPN1-AS1 might be a remarkable biomarker to evaluate prognosis in CCA.
Conclusion

The RHPN1-AS1/YAP1 axis may provide new strategies for CCA clinical practice.
Cascading Mentorship as Advocacy Training in Undergraduate Medical Education: A Mixed Methods Evaluation
Authors: Patel Mitesh , Aitken Devon , Xue Yunlin , Sockalingam Sanjeev , Simpson Alexander 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPhysicians are in a position of great influence to advocate for health equity. As such, it is important for physicians-in-training to develop the knowledge and skills necessary to fulfil this role. Although various undergraduate medical programs have implemented health advocacy training, they often lack experiential learning and physician involvement. These aspects are foundational to the Advocacy Mentorship Initiative (AMI) which utilizes cascading mentorship as a novel approach to advocacy training. Medical students develop advocacy competency as peer mentors to youth raised in at-risk environments, while also being mentored themselves by physician residents. We aim to determine whether there are specific advantages to utilizing cascading mentorship to facilitate the attainment of advocacy competencies in undergraduate medical education.MethodsMedical students participating in AMI between 2017 to 2020 completed pre- and post-exposure questionnaires. Questionnaires assessed confidence in advocacy-related skills and knowledge of youth advocacy concepts, as well as qualitative measures of learning goals, skills gained, benefits of AMI and resident mentors, and impact on future career. Sign tests were utilized to analyze quantitative results, and content analysis was used for qualitative data. Mixed methods triangulation was also utilized.ResultsFifty mentors participated, 24 (48%) of which completed both pre- and post-exposure questionnaires. Participants gained confidence in advocacy-related skills (p<0.05) such as working with vulnerable populations and advocating for medical and non-medical needs. They also reported significant improvements (p<0.01) in their understanding of social determinants of health and concepts related to children’s health and development. Content analysis showed that participants built meaningful relationships with mentees in which they learned about social determinants of health, youth advocacy, and developed various advocacy-related skills. Participants greatly valued mentorship by residents, identifying benefits such as support and advice regarding relations with at-risk youth, and career mentorship. AMI impacted participants’ career trajectories in terms of interest in working with youth, psychiatry, and advocacy.ConclusionsAMI offers a unique method of advocacy training through cascading mentorship that engages medical students both as mentors to at-risk youth and mentees to resident physicians. Through cascading mentorship, medical students advance in their advocacy-related skills and understanding of social determinants of health.
The Role of Community Factors in Predicting Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Workforce: A Longitudinal study in Rural and Urban Settings
Authors: Li Wanlian , Gao Guanghan , Sun Fei , Jiang Lin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The dual urban-rural division system in China has led to distinguishes in economic development, medical services, and education as well as in mental health disparities. This study examined whether community factors (community cohesion, supportive network size, foreseeable community threat, and medical benefits coverage) predict the depressive symptoms of Chinese workers and how community factors may work differently in rural and urban settings. Methods: This secondary data analysis was conducted using data from the 2014 and 2016 China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS). The sample includes 6157 rural workers and 2983 urban workers. Results: The results indicate that rural workers have higher levels of depressive symptoms than urban workers. Medical benefits coverage predicts depressive symptoms of rural workforces (B = -.326, p <. 10), and community supportive network size predicts depressive symptoms of urban workforces (B = -.531, p <. 01). Conclusions: Policymakers may reduce depressive symptoms of rural labor through improved coverage of medical benefits. In urban areas, efforts can be made to strengthen community supportive network for the urban labor force.