bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservative management acutely improves functional movement and clinical outcomes in patients with pre-arthritic hip pain
Authors: McGovern Ryan P , Martin RobRoy L , Phelps Amy L , Kivlan Benjamin R , Nickel Beth , Christoforetti John J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Conservative management for individuals with pre-arthritic hip pain is commonly prescribed prior to consideration of surgical management. The purpose of this study is to determine if patients with pre-arthritic hip pain will improve their functional movement control and clinical outcome measures following the implementation of physical therapy and a home-exercise programme. Information was retrospectively collected on consecutive patients and included: demographics, diagnosis, initial and follow-up evaluation of the single leg squat test (SLST) and step-down test (SDT), and patient-reported outcome measures. An independent t-test and one-way analysis of covariance were performed for continuous patient-reported outcome measures and a Fisher’s exact test was performed for patient satisfaction. Forty-six patients (31 female and 15 male) diagnosed with pre-arthritic hip pain were included. A total of 30 patients improved their functional movement control during performance of the SLST, whereas 31 patients improved performance of the SDT. There was a statistically significant difference between patients that improved and did not improve (P ≤ 0.017). Patients with pre-arthritic hip pain who improved their functional movement control following a prescribed rehabilitation intervention are likely to report less pain and greater functional ability in their daily and sports-related activities. This study supports conservative management to acutely improve outcomes for patients with pre-arthritic hip pain.
Justice Not Forgiveness: Perspectives on Justice and Reconciliation among Yazidi Women Refugees in Germany
Authors: Pham Phuong , Gibbons Niamh , Denkinger Jana Katharina , Junne Florian , Vinck Patrick 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn August 2014, Islamic State (ISIS) jihadists overtook the Sinjar mountains of northern Iraq, committing widespread killing and abductions of Yazidi community members. Five years later, there is no comprehensive policy or programme to provide accountability and redress to survivors of ISIS. This article presents results from in-depth interviews with 117 Yazidi refugees resettled in the German Federal State of Baden-Württemberg in 2015–16 through the ‘Special Quota’ humanitarian assistance programme. The results provide an empirical assessment of Yazidi survivors’ views on justice and accountability. They also explore the tensions that exist at the intersection of global and national considerations for justice and reconciliation, and local values, needs, and priorities. The immediate need to find the missing and reunify families, and ensuring the safety and wellbeing of family members remaining in Iraq, are the respondents’ highest priority. The respondents also expressed a strong desire for truth and accountability. Recognition of the genocide, truth-seeking, and criminal prosecution are seen as important steps individually, and towards the protection of Yazidis as a group. The article addresses how those views relate to the possibility of a just and peaceful future in Iraq and the context of transitional justice options that have been proposed in response to ISIS crimes.
Signaling pathways underlying nitrogen-dependent changes in root system architecture: from model to crop species
Authors: Jia Zhongtao , von Wirén Nicolaus 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Among all essential mineral elements, nitrogen (N) is required in the largest amounts and thus is often a limiting factor for plant growth. N is taken up by plant roots in the form of water-soluble nitrate, ammonium, and, depending on abundance, low-molecular weight organic N. In soils, the availability and composition of these N forms can vary over space and time, which exposes roots to various local N signals that regulate root system architecture in combination with systemic signals reflecting the N nutritional status of the shoot. Uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying N-dependent signaling provides great potential to optimize root system architecture for the sake of higher N uptake efficiency in crop breeding. In this review, we summarize prominent signaling mechanisms and their underlying molecular players that derive from external N forms or the internal N nutritional status and modulate root development including root hair formation and gravitropism. We also compare the current state of knowledge of these pathways between Arabidopsis and graminaceous plant species.
Extreme variability in an active galactic nucleus: Gaia16aax
Authors: Cannizzaro G , Fraser M , Jonker P G , Pringle J E , Mattila S , Hewett P C , Wevers T , Kankare E , Kostrzewa-Rutkowska Z , Wyrzykowski Ł , Onori F , Harmanen J , Ford K E S , McKernan B , Nixon C J 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the results of a multiwavelength follow-up campaign for the luminous nuclear transient Gaia16aax, which was first identified in 2016 January. The transient is spatially consistent with the nucleus of an active galaxy at z = 0.25, hosting a black hole of mass ${\sim }6\times 10^8\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$. The nucleus brightened by more than 1 mag in the Gaia G band over a time-scale of less than 1 yr, before fading back to its pre-outburst state over the following 3 yr. The optical spectra of the source show broad Balmer lines similar to the ones present in a pre-outburst spectrum. During the outburst, the H α and H β emission lines develop a secondary peak. We also report on the discovery of two transients with similar light-curve evolution and spectra: Gaia16aka and Gaia16ajq. We consider possible scenarios to explain the observed outbursts. We exclude that the transient event could be caused by a microlensing event, variable dust absorption or a tidal encounter between a neutron star and a stellar mass black hole in the accretion disc. We consider variability in the accretion flow in the inner part of the disc, or a tidal disruption event of a star ${\ge } 1 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ by a rapidly spinning supermassive black hole as the most plausible scenarios. We note that the similarity between the light curves of the three Gaia transients may be a function of the Gaia alerts selection criteria.
On the variation of solar coronal rotation using SDO/AIA observations
Authors: Sharma Jaidev , Kumar Brajesh , Malik Anil K , Vats Hari Om 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We report on the variability of the rotation periods of solar coronal layers with respect to temperature (or height). For this purpose, we have used observations from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) telescope on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) space mission of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The images used are at wavelengths of 94, 131, 171, 193, 211 and 335 Å during the period from 2012–2018. Analysis of solar full-disc images obtained at these wavelengths by AIA is carried out using the flux modulation method. 17 rectangular strips/bins at equal intervals of 10° (extending from 80°S to 80°N) are selected to extract a time series of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) intensity variations to obtain the autocorrelation coefficient. The peak of the Gaussian fit to the first secondary maximum in the autocorrelogram gives the synodic rotation period. Our analysis shows differential rotation with respect to latitude as well as temperature (or height). In the present study, we find that the sidereal rotation periods of different coronal layers decrease with increasing temperature (or height). The average sidereal rotation period at the lowest temperature (∼600 000 K) corresponding to AIA 171-Å, which originates from the upper transition region/quiet corona, is 27.03 days. The sidereal rotation period decreases with temperature (or height) to 25.47 days at a higher temperature (∼10 million K), corresponding to the flaring regions of the solar corona as seen in AIA 131-Å observations.
Distant foreground and the Planck-derived Hubble constant
Authors: Yershov V N , Raikov A A , Lovyagin N Yu , Kuin N P M , Popova E A 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
It is possible to reduce the discrepancy between the local measurement of the cosmological parameter H0 and the value derived from the Planck measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) by considering contamination of the CMB by emission from some medium around distant extragalactic sources, such as extremely cold coarse-grain dust. Though being distant, such a medium would still be in the foreground with respect to the CMB, and, as any other foreground, it would alter the CMB power spectrum. This could contribute to the dispersion of CMB temperature fluctuations. By generating a few random samples of CMB with different dispersions, we have checked that the increased dispersion leads to a smaller estimated value of H0, the rest of the cosmological model parameters remaining fixed. This might explain the reduced value of the Planck-derived parameter H0 with respect to the local measurements. The signature of the distant foreground in the CMB traced by supernovae (SNe) was previously reported by the authors of this paper – we found a correlation between the SN redshifts, zSN, and CMB temperature fluctuations at the SNe locations, TSN. Here we have used the slopes of the regression lines $T_{\rm SN}\, /\, z_{\rm SN}$ corresponding to different Planck wavebands in order to estimate the possible temperature of the distant extragalactic medium, which turns out to be very low, about 5 K. The most likely ingredient of this medium is coarse-grain (grey) dust, which is known to be almost undetectable, except for the effect of dimming remote extragalactic sources.
Direct imaging of irregular satellite discs in scattered light
Authors: Nassif-Lachapelle Loic , Tamayo Daniel 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Direct imaging surveys have found that long-period super-Jupiters are rare. By contrast, recent modelling of the widespread gaps in protoplanetary discs revealed by Atacama Large Millimetre Array suggests an abundant population of smaller Neptune to Jupiter-mass planets at large separations. The thermal emission from such lower-mass planets is negligible at optical and near-infrared wavelengths, leaving only their weak signals in reflected light. Planets do not scatter enough light at these large orbital distances, but there is a natural way to enhance their reflecting area. Each of the four giant planets in our Solar system hosts swarms of dozens of irregular satellites, gravitationally captured planetesimals that fill their host planets’ spheres of gravitational influence. What we see of them today are the leftovers of an intense collisional evolution. At early times, they would have generated bright circumplanetary debris discs. We investigate the properties and detectability of such irregular satellite discs (ISDs) following models for their collisional evolution from Kennedy & Wyatt (2011). We find that the scattered light signals from such ISDs would peak in the 10–100 au semimajor axis range implied by ALMA, and can render planets detectable over a wide range of parameters with upcoming high-contrast instrumentation. We argue that future instruments with wide fields of view could simultaneously characterize the atmospheres of known close-in planets, and reveal the population of long-period Neptune–Jupiter mass exoplanets inaccessible to other detection methods. This provides a complementary and compelling science case that would elucidate the early lives of planetary systems.
Fuzzy dark matter soliton cores around supermassive black holes
Authors: Davies Elliot Y , Mocz Philip 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We explore the effect of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) on the density profile of a fuzzy dark matter (FDM) soliton core at the centre of a dark matter (DM) halo. We numerically solve the Schrödinger–Poisson equations, treating the black hole as a gravitational point mass, and demonstrate that this additional perturbing term has a ‘squeezing’ effect on the soliton density profile, decreasing the core radius, and increasing the central density. In the limit of large black hole mass, the solution approaches one akin to the hydrogen atom, with radius inversely proportional to the black hole mass. By applying our analysis to two specific galaxies (M87 and the Milky Way) and pairing it with known observational limits on the amount of centrally concentrated DM, we obtain a constraint on the FDM particle mass, finding that the range 10−22.12 eV ≲ m ≲ 10−22.06 eV should be forbidden (taking into account additional factors concerning the lifetime of the soliton in the vicinity of a black hole). Improved observational mass measurements of the black hole and total enclosed masses will significantly extend the lower bound on the excluded FDM mass region, while self-consistent theoretical modelling of the soliton–black hole system can extend the upper bound.
The vertical Na–O relation in the bulge globular cluster NGC 6553
Authors: Muñoz C , Villanova S , Geisler D , Cortés C C , Moni Bidin C , Cohen R E , Saviane I , Dias B , Tang B , Mauro F 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
In this article, we present a detailed chemical analysis of seven red giant members of NGC 6553 using high-resolution spectroscopy from VLT FLAMES. We obtained the stellar parameters (Teff, Log(g), vt, [Fe/H]) of these stars from the spectra, and we measured the chemical abundance for 20 elements, including light elements, iron-peak elements, α-elements, and neutron-capture elements. The metallicities in our sample stars are consistent with a homogeneous distribution. We found a mean of [Fe/H] = −0.14 ± 0.07 dex, in agreement with other studies. Using the α-elements Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti, we obtain the mean of [α/Fe] = 0.11 ± 0.05. We found a vertical relation between Na and O, characterized by a significant spread in Na and an almost non-existent spread in O. In fact, Na and Al are the only two light elements with a large intrinsic spread, which demonstrates the presence of multiple populations (MPs). An intrinsic spread in Mg is not detected in this study. The α, iron-peak, and neutron-capture elements show good agreement with the trend of the bulge field stars, indicating similar origin and evolution, in concordance with our previous studies for two other bulge globular clusters (NGC 6440 and NGC 6528).
Variations in the slope of the resolved star-forming main sequence: a tool for constraining the mass of star-forming regions
Authors: Hani Maan H , Hayward Christopher C , Orr Matthew E , Ellison Sara L , Torrey Paul , Murray Norm , Wetzel Andrew , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
The correlation between galaxies’ integrated stellar masses and star formation rates (the ‘star formation main sequence’, SFMS) is a well-established scaling relation. Recently, surveys have found a relationship between the star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass surface densities on kpc and sub-kpc scales (the ‘resolved SFMS’, rSFMS). In this work, we demonstrate that the rSFMS emerges naturally in Feedback In Realistic Environments 2 (FIRE-2) zoom-in simulations of Milky Way-mass galaxies. We make SFR and stellar mass maps of the simulated galaxies at a variety of spatial resolutions and star formation averaging time-scales and fit the rSFMS using multiple methods from the literature. While the absolute value of the SFMS slope (αMS) depends on the fitting method, the slope is steeper for longer star formation time-scales and lower spatial resolutions regardless of the fitting method employed. We present a toy model that quantitatively captures the dependence of the simulated galaxies’ αMS on spatial resolution and use it to illustrate how this dependence can be used to constrain the characteristic mass of star-forming clumps.
Comprehensive identification of alternative back-splicing in human tissue transcriptomes
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhang Xiao-Ou , Jiang Tingting , Cai Lingling , Huang Xiao , Liu Qi , Li Dan , Lu Aiping , Liu Yan , Xue Wen , Zhang Peng , Weng Zhiping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNAs derived from back-splicing of genes across eukaryotes. Through alternative back-splicing (ABS), a single gene produces multiple circRNAs sharing the same back-splice site. Although many ABS events have recently been discovered, to what extent ABS involves in circRNA biogenesis and how it is regulated in different human tissues still remain elusive. Here, we reported an in-depth analysis of ABS events in 90 human tissue transcriptomes. We observed that ABS occurred for about 84% circRNAs. Interestingly, alternative 5′ back-splicing occurs more prevalently than alternative 3′ back-splicing, and both of them are tissue-specific, especially enriched in brain tissues. In addition, the patterns of ABS events in different brain regions are similar to each other and are more complex than the patterns in non-brain tissues. Finally, the intron length and abundance of Alu elements positively correlated with ABS event complexity, and the predominant circRNAs had longer flanking introns and more Alu elements than other circRNAs in the same ABS event. Together, our results represent a resource for circRNA research—we expanded the repertoire of ABS events of circRNAs in human tissue transcriptomes and provided insights into the complexity of circRNA biogenesis, expression, and regulation.
The m6A reader YTHDF1 promotes ovarian cancer progression via augmenting EIF3C translation
Authors: Liu Tao , Wei Qinglv , Jin Jing , Luo Qingya , Liu Yi , Yang Yu , Cheng Chunming , Li Lanfang , Pi Jingnan , Si Yanmin , Xiao Hualiang , Li Li , Rao Shuan , Wang Fang , Yu Jianhua , Yu Jia , Zou Dongling , Yi Ping 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
N 6-Methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant RNA modification in mammal mRNAs and increasing evidence suggests the key roles of m6A in human tumorigenesis. However, whether m6A, especially its ‘reader’ YTHDF1, targets a gene involving in protein translation and thus affects overall protein production in cancer cells is largely unexplored. Here, using multi-omics analysis for ovarian cancer, we identified a novel mechanism involving EIF3C, a subunit of the protein translation initiation factor EIF3, as the direct target of the YTHDF1. YTHDF1 augments the translation of EIF3C in an m6A-dependent manner by binding to m6A-modified EIF3C mRNA and concomitantly promotes the overall translational output, thereby facilitating tumorigenesis and metastasis of ovarian cancer. YTHDF1 is frequently amplified in ovarian cancer and up-regulation of YTHDF1 is associated with the adverse prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. Furthermore, the protein but not the RNA abundance of EIF3C is increased in ovarian cancer and positively correlates with the protein expression of YTHDF1 in ovarian cancer patients, suggesting modification of EIF3C mRNA is more relevant to its role in cancer. Collectively, we identify the novel YTHDF1-EIF3C axis critical for ovarian cancer progression which can serve as a target to develop therapeutics for cancer treatment.
Concurrent binding to DNA and RNA facilitates the pluripotency reprogramming activity of Sox2
Authors: Hou Linlin , Wei Yuanjie , Lin Yingying , Wang Xiwei , Lai Yiwei , Yin Menghui , Chen Yanpu , Guo Xiangpeng , Wu Senbin , Zhu Yindi , Yuan Jie , Tariq Muqddas , Li Na , Sun Hao , Wang Huating , Zhang Xiaofei , Chen Jiekai , Bao Xichen , Jauch Ralf 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Some transcription factors that specifically bind double-stranded DNA appear to also function as RNA-binding proteins. Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factor Sox2 is able to directly bind RNA in vitro as well as in mouse and human cells. Sox2 targets RNA via a 60-amino-acid RNA binding motif (RBM) positioned C-terminally of the DNA binding high mobility group (HMG) box. Sox2 can associate with RNA and DNA simultaneously to form ternary RNA/Sox2/DNA complexes. Deletion of the RBM does not affect selection of target genes but mitigates binding to pluripotency related transcripts, switches exon usage and impairs the reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent state. Our findings designate Sox2 as a multi-functional factor that associates with RNA whilst binding to cognate DNA sequences, suggesting that it may co-transcriptionally regulate RNA metabolism during somatic cell reprogramming.
Differential effects of phosphate binders on vitamin D metabolism in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ginsberg Charles , Zelnick Leila R , Block Geoffrey A , Chertow Glenn M , Chonchol Michel , Hoofnagle Andrew , Kestenbaum Bryan , de Boer Ian H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Phosphate binders are commonly used in the treatment of patients with hyperphosphatemia. While phosphate binders are used to lower phosphate, the effects of specific phosphate binder types on vitamin D metabolism are unknown.

Methods
We performed a secondary analysis of the Phosphate Normalization Trial in which patients with moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease were randomized to receive either placebo, sevelamer carbonate, lanthanum carbonate or calcium acetate for 9 months. We evaluated changes in serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites including 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3], 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], the ratio of 24,25(OH)2D3 to 25-hydroxyvitamin D [the vitamin D metabolite ratio (VMR)] and the ratio of serum 1,25(OH)2D to 25-hydroxyvitamin D.

Results
Compared with placebo, randomization to the calcium acetate arm was associated with a 0.6 ng/mL (95% CI 0.2, 1) and 13.5 pg/ng (95% CI 5.5, 21.5) increase in 24,25(OH)2D and VMR, respectively, and a 5.2 pg/mL (95% CI 1.1, 9.4) reduction in 1,25(OH)2D. Randomization to sevelamer carbonate was associated with a 0.5 ng/mL (95% CI −0.9, −0.1) and 11.8 pg/ng (95% CI −20, −3.5) reduction in 24,25(OH)2D3 and VMR, respectively. There was no association of the sevelamer arm with the change in 1,25(OH)2D3, and randomization to lanthanum carbonate was not associated with a change in any of the vitamin D metabolites.

Conclusion
Administration of different phosphate binders to patients with moderate to severe CKD results in unique changes in vitamin D metabolism.