bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the single simple question and the patient acceptable symptom state in myasthenia gravis
Authors: Menon D. , Barnett C. , Bril V. 
Published: June 2020

Background and purposeThe single simple question (SSQ) is a simple and validated question asking what percentage of normal a patient feels with respect to their myasthenia gravis (MG), with 100% being normal. Patient acceptable symptom states (PASS) are based on a dichotomous ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ response, asking whether a patient is satisfied overall with their current status and thus measures holistic satisfaction with their MG state. Both are patient‐reported self‐assessments but assess different dimensions of MG. The objective was to determine thresholds for the SSQ when patients with MG achieve an acceptable PASS status.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed of consecutive MG patients attending a neuromuscular clinic, and SSQ and PASS responses, demographic, clinical and serological characteristics and disease severity by the MG impairment index were extracted.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐seven consecutive patients were identified: 43 (27.4%) patients responded ‘No’ to the PASS question. Between the PASS ‘Yes’/‘No’ groups, only SSQ (87.5 ± 13.4 vs. 52.3 ± 23.3; P < 0.001) and MG impairment index scores (9.2 ± 10.3 vs. 29.6 ± 16; P < 0.001) were significantly different. The receiver operating characteristic curve for PASS and SSQ had an area under the curve of 0.92 ± 0.024 (confidence interval 0.872–0.965, P < 0.001). An SSQ score ≥72.5% had 84.2% sensitivity and 86% specificity to classify patients as PASS positive.ConclusionThe PASS and SSQ patient‐reported outcomes are closely associated and a SSQ threshold ≥72.5% predicts an acceptable MG state. Other demographic and disease‐related factors did not influence the PASS response in this study.
Planning stereoelectroencephalography using automated lesion detection: Retrospective feasibility study
Authors: Wagstyl Konrad , Adler Sophie , Pimpel Birgit , Chari Aswin , Seunarine Kiran , Lorio Sara , Thornton Rachel , Baldeweg Torsten , Tisdall Martin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis retrospective, cross‐sectional study evaluated the feasibility and potential benefits of incorporating deep‐learning on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) into planning stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) implantation in pediatric patients with diagnostically complex drug‐resistant epilepsy. This study aimed to assess the degree of colocalization between automated lesion detection and the seizure onset zone (SOZ) as assessed by sEEG.MethodsA neural network classifier was applied to cortical features from MRI data from three cohorts. (1) The network was trained and cross‐validated using 34 patients with visible focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs). (2) Specificity was assessed in 20 pediatric healthy controls. (3) Feasibility of incorporation into sEEG implantation plans was evaluated in 34 sEEG patients. Coordinates of sEEG contacts were coregistered with classifier‐predicted lesions. sEEG contacts in seizure onset and irritative tissue were identified by clinical neurophysiologists. A distance of <10 mm between SOZ contacts and classifier‐predicted lesions was considered colocalization.ResultsIn patients with radiologically defined lesions, classifier sensitivity was 74% (25/34 lesions detected). No clusters were detected in the controls (specificity = 100%). Of the total 34 sEEG patients, 21 patients had a focal cortical SOZ, of whom eight were histopathologically confirmed as having an FCD. The algorithm correctly detected seven of eight of these FCDs (86%). In patients with histopathologically heterogeneous focal cortical lesions, there was colocalization between classifier output and SOZ contacts in 62%. In three patients, the electroclinical profile was indicative of focal epilepsy, but no SOZ was localized on sEEG. In these patients, the classifier identified additional abnormalities that had not been implanted.SignificanceThere was a high degree of colocalization between automated lesion detection and sEEG. We have created a framework for incorporation of deep‐learning–based MRI lesion detection into sEEG implantation planning. Our findings support the prospective evaluation of automated MRI analysis to plan optimal electrode trajectories.
Exploration of potential lipid biomarkers for premature canities by UPLC‐QTOF‐MS analyses of hair follicle roots
Authors: Wang Hecong , Wang Jiateng , He Congfen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe rate of premature greying, referred to as canities, varies among populations, and effective treatments are lacking. However, few studies at the molecular level have been reported.ObjectivesComparing lipid profiles of individuals with premature canities and healthy volunteers to explore the mechanism of premature canities.MethodsUltra‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QTOF‐MS) was used to detect lipids in the hair follicle root. Multivariate data analysis was used to show lipid changes in follicle roots.ResultsWe identified lipids in the hair follicle root that differ between black and white hair and analysed key lipids contributing to white hair development. We divided the samples into three groups: PC‐WH (Premature canities‐White hair), PC‐PH (Premature canities‐Pigmented hair), Control‐PH (Pigmented hair). Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), vitamin D3 (VD3) and cholesterol in Control‐PH were higher than those in PC‐WH. Sphingomyelin (SP), phosphatidic acid (PA), VD3 and diglyceride (DG) were lower in PC‐WH than in PC‐PH. Levels of VD3 were highest in Control‐PH, gradually decreased as the severity of PC‐PH increased and were lowest in PC‐WH.ConclusionThere are 7 main class candidate compounds involved in the generation of white hair. VD3 showed a substantial decrease in white hair and was a potential target for further studies of premature canities.
Atlantic cod recovery from the Allee effect zone: contrasting ecological and evolutionary rescue
Authors: Kuparinen Anna , Uusi‐Heikkilä Silva 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe ability of a population to recover from disturbances is fundamental for its persistence. Impaired population recovery might be associated with a demographic Allee effect. Immigration from adjacent populations could accelerate the recovery not only by promoting population growth beyond the Allee effect threshold but also by bringing in advantageous genotypes. We explore the nature and role of ecological and evolutionary rescue in an Atlantic cod (Gadus morhuaGadidae) population fished below its Allee effect threshold. We utilize an eco‐evolutionary model and simulate scenarios, where the target population evolves in response to selective fishing and sample immigrants from (a) a source population similarly adapted to fishing (post‐fishing genotypes) or (b) an unexploited source population with natural genetic and phenotypic diversity (pre‐fishing genotypes). Immigration of pre‐fishing genotypes enhances the recovery due to the larger body sizes and the flow of associated genes. Post‐fishing immigrants can also promote the population abundance recovery, but they increase uncertainty about recovery times as compared to pre‐fishing immigrants and do not promote evolutionary recovery. Our results stress the importance of maintaining genetic and phenotypic diversity and suggest that marine protected areas can serve as an important source of immigrants to promote both the demographic and evolutionary recovery of exploited populations.
Interactive global change factors mitigate soil aggregation and carbon change in a semi‐arid grassland
Authors: Bai Tongshuo , Wang Peng , Hall Steven J. , Wang Fuwei , Ye Chenglong , Li Zhen , Li Shijie , Zhou Luyao , Qiu Yunpeng , Guo Jiuxin , Guo Hui , Wang Yi , Hu Shuijin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe ongoing global change is multi‐faceted, but the interactive effects of multiple drivers on the persistence of soil carbon (C) are poorly understood. We examined the effects of warming, reactive nitrogen (N) inputs (12 g N m−2 year−1) and altered precipitation (+ or − 30% ambient) on soil aggregates and mineral‐associated C in a 4 year manipulation experiment with a semi‐arid grassland on China's Loess Plateau. Our results showed that in the absence of N inputs, precipitation additions significantly enhanced soil aggregation and promoted the coupling between aggregation and both soil fungal biomass and exchangeable Mg2+. However, N inputs negated the promotional effects of increased precipitation, mainly through suppressing fungal growth and altering soil pH and clay‐Mg2+‐OC bridging. Warming increased C content in the mineral‐associated fraction, likely by increasing inputs of root‐derived C, and reducing turnover of existing mineral‐associated C due to suppression of fungal growth and soil respiration. Together, our results provide new insights into the potential mechanisms through which multiple global change factors control soil C persistence in arid and semi‐arid grasslands. These findings suggest that the interactive effects among global change factors should be incorporated to predict the soil C dynamics under future global change scenarios.
Implications of China's innovation policy shift: Does “indigenous” mean closed?
Authors: Losacker Sebastian , Liefner Ingo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChina's government aims to become an innovation nation and promotes the development of so‐called indigenous innovation. Under this paradigm of state‐encouraged innovation, however, it is unclear how domestic firms organize their innovation processes. We distinguish between two strategies in that respect: closed versus open innovation. Our findings suggest that firms with closed innovation processes collaborate in close geographic distance, rely on DUI‐modes of learning, and collaborations are based on guanxi. In contrast, firms with open innovation processes collaborate over large distances and rely on STI‐modes of learning that are not necessarily guanxi‐based. The findings help to understand the heterogeneous nature of indigenous innovation in China.
Modelling the economic and clinical burden of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis in East Asia: Data from Hong Kong
Authors: Tampi Radhika P. , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Wong Grace Lai‐Hung , Shu Sally She‐Ting , Chan Henry Lik‐Yuen , Fung James , Stepanova Maria , Younossi Zobair M. 
Published: June 2020

AimNon‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive form of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and prevalence is rising in Asia due to increasing rates of urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, and poor nutrition.MethodsWe built a Markov model with 20‐year horizon to estimate the burden of NASH in Hong Kong. Cohort size was determined by population size, prevalence of NAFLD, and incidence of NASH in 2017. Health states include hepatic steatosis, fibrosis stages 0–3, compensated and decompensated cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, post‐liver transplant, and liver‐related, cardiovascular, and background mortality. Transition probabilities were estimated from published reports and we converted 2017 Gazette price from the Hospital Authority of Hong Kong to US dollars. We discounted costs by 3% annually. Health utilities were assumed to be the same as in the USA.ResultsNon‐alcoholic steatohepatitis will cost $1.32 billion and 124 liver transplants over 20 years, with average cost per person‐year of $257. Sensitivity analyses show our model is robust in predicting costs for the prevalent population but likely overestimates costs for the incident population.ConclusionsNon‐alcoholic steatohepatitis will contribute to a significant clinical and economic burden in Hong Kong over the next two decades. Due to the limited number of donors and small number of liver transplants undertaken annually, patients with advanced liver disease due to NASH in Hong Kong are more likely to die from NASH than their counterparts in North America and Europe. Thus, rising prevalence of metabolic syndrome in elderly adults in Hong Kong make NASH an important consideration for clinicians and policy makers.
Low water absorption and pyroplastic deformation of alumina‐strengthened porcelain with petalite and Gairome clay
Authors: Hao Dong , Akatsu Takashi , Ohtake Asami , Shiraishi Atsunori , Kamochi Nobuaki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe pyroplastic deformation (PD) of porcelain is a key issue for reducing production loss. In this study, material design to realize both a low water absorption (WA) and low PD in alumina‐strengthened porcelain, which have a trade‐off relationship, was proposed. In this porcelain material design, a rigid microstructure composed of entangled needle‐like mullite crystals is formed by the addition of Gairome clay, which has the positive effect of suppressing PD but negatively affects densification. This was balanced by the controlling the amount and viscosity of the liquid phase in the porcelain fired at elevated temperatures with optimized quantities of added petalite and Gairome clay to obtain a low WA and low PD. As a result, a WA below 0.5% and PD index below 1.5 × 10−6 mm−1 in a wide firing temperature range from 1194 to 1384°C were obtained for porcelain containing Amakusa clay at 37.8 mass%, Gairome clay at 17.0 mass%, petalite at 13.7 mass%, and alumina at 31.5 mass%.
Cross‐evaluation of five slidemakers and three automated image analysis systems: The pitfalls of automation?
Authors: Saad Albichr Imane , Sottiaux Jean‐Yves , Hotton Julie , De Laveleye Morgane , Dupret Phillipe , Detry Gautier 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionAutomated slidemakers and stainers and digital microscopes are coupled with haematology analysers to achieve better efficiency and cost‐effectiveness. This study evaluates the integrated performance of slidemakers and digital microscopes commonly available on the market.MethodsWe compared the percentage of neutrophils for five slidemakers (two Siemens Advia Autoslides, a SysmexSP‐10 and SP‐50 and an Abbot Alinity hs) and a Horiba Hemaprep to the corresponding haematology analyser data (Siemens Advia 2120i, Sysmex XN and Abbot Alinity hq). Differential leucocyte counting (DLC) was performed on three different CellaVision digital microscopes (DM96, DM1200 and DI‐60) and manually. The quality of the smears was assessed using a CellaVision SmearChecker.ResultsWe observed a significant positive absolute bias (P < .05) for the percentage of neutrophils with the Autoslide and Alinity hs smears on the digital microscopes, but not when DLC was performed manually. The SP‐10 and SP‐50 showed no bias regardless of the DLC method. No bias was observed for the Hemaprep smears. All the smears had an acceptable monolayer quality, stain intensity and colour. All smears, except those from Sp‐10, were of an acceptable length.ConclusionUsers should be aware of a potential lack of accuracy that can be encountered when using some slidemakers and digital microscopes. All laboratories should validate or verify the differential counts from slidemakers and digital microscope with automated cell differential counters. Manual count validation should only be considered if a significant proportion of clinically relevant abnormal cells are present. Otherwise, haematology analyser results should be favoured.
Comparison between dorsal onlay and one‐sided dorsolateral onlay buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty in long anterior urethral strictures
Authors: Kartal Ibrahim , Çimen Sertaç , Kokurcan Alihan , Akay Emin Ozan , Yiğitbaşı Orhan , Yalçınkaya Fatih 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo compare dorsal onlay (conventional Barbagli) and one‐sided dorsolateral onlay (Kulkarni technique) buccal mucosa substitution urethroplasty techniques for the treatment of long anterior urethral strictures.MethodsDemographic data, treatment outcomes and success rates of patients who underwent either conventional Barbagli or Kulkarni urethroplasty for the treatment of an anterior urethral stricture longer than 8 cm between January 2010 and March 2019 in our center were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsDemographic parameters of patients who underwent the conventional Barbagli (n = 37) or Kulkarni procedure (n = 31) did not differ. The mean surgical duration and hospital stay were shorter for patients treated with the Kulkarni technique (179.5 ± 30.0 and 3.5 ± 1.2 vs 195.5 ± 28.9 min and 4.4 ± 1.8 days; P = 0.037, P = 0.002). Mean intraoperative blood loss and perioperative complication rates were signficantly lower in patients who underwent the Kulkarni technique than those who underwent the conventional Barbagli technique (164.3 ± 62.9 vs 202.4 ± 78.1 mL; P = 0.033 and 16.1% vs 37.8%; P = 0.046). The mean follow‐up time period was 59.8 ± 24.7 and 63.5 ± 26.8 months for Kulkarni and conventional Barbagli techniques, respectively. Success rates based these follow‐up time periods were 27 (87.1%) and 26 (70.3%) for the Kulkarni and conventional Barbagli techniques, respectively.ConclusionThe Kulkarni technique should be more preferred for the treatment of long anterior urethral strictures over the conventional Barbagli technique based on surgical outcomes and success rates.
DNA barcoding of echinopluteus larvae uncovers cryptic diversity in neotropical echinoids
Authors: Collin Rachel , Venera‐Pontón Dagoberto E. , Driskell Amy C. , Macdonald Kenneth S. , Geyer Laura B. , Lessios Harilaos A. , Boyle Michael J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSurveys of larval diversity consistently increase biodiversity estimates when applied to poorly documented groups of marine invertebrates such as phoronids and hemichordates. However, it remains to be seen how helpful this approach is for detecting unsampled species in well‐studied groups. Echinoids represent a large, robust, well‐studied macrofauna, with low diversity and low incidence of cryptic species, making them an ideal test case for the efficacy of larval barcoding to discover diversity in such groups. We developed a reference dataset of DNA barcodes for the shallow‐water adult echinoids from both coasts of Panama and compared them to DNA sequences obtained from larvae collected primarily on the Caribbean coast of Panama. We sequenced mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) for 43 species of adult sea urchins to expand the number and coverage of sequences available in GenBank. Sequences were successfully obtained for COI and 16S ribosomal DNA from 272 larvae and assigned to 17 operational taxonomic units (OTUs): 4 from the Pacific coast of Panama, where larvae were not sampled as intensively, and 13 from the Caribbean coast. Of these 17 OTUs, 13 were identified from comparisons with our adult sequences and belonged to species well documented in these regions. Another larva was identified from comparisons with unpublished sequences in the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD) as belonging to Pseudoboletia, a genus scarcely known in the Caribbean and previously unreported in Panama. Three OTUs remained unidentified. Based on larval morphology, at least two of these OTUs appeared to be spatangoids, which are difficult to collect and whose presence often goes undetected in standard surveys of benthic diversity. Despite its ability to capture unanticipated diversity, larval sampling failed to collect some species that are locally common along the Caribbean coast of Panama, such as Leodia sexiesperforata, Diadema antillarum, and Clypeaster rosaceus.
Effectiveness of manual lymphatic drainage vs. perineal massage in secundigravida women with gestational oedema: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: de la Cueva‐Reguera Mónica , Rodríguez‐Sanz David , Calvo‐Lobo César , Fernández‐Martínez Silvia , Martínez‐Pascual Beatriz , Robledo‐Do‐Nascimento Yolanda , Blanco‐Morales María , Romero‐Morales Carlos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPerineal trauma (PT) may be considered as a very common injury during the childbirth. The incidence of PT was estimated in 30% to 85%, with 60% to 70% requiring suture. The present study was a prospective, single‐blinded, randomised, clinical trial carried out from January 2015 to January 2016. For this study, 49 secundigravida women diagnosed with gestational oedema were recruited and randomly divided into two groups (A and B). Group A (n = 30) received the conventional treatment plus perineal massage and group B (n = 19) the conventional treatment plus manual lymphatic drainage (MLD). Visual analogue scale (VAS) and King Health's Questionnaire (KHQ) were performed to assess pain intensity and quality of life‐related with urinary incontinence (UI). Pain intensity measurements showed statistically significant differences for a decrease after 30‐weeks (P = .037), after 36‐weeks (P = .000), and at the end of puerperium (P = .014) for MLD with respect to perineal massage group. Moreover, inter‐groups repeated measures ANOVA for the values related statistically significant differences to the interaction of each applied treatment (perineal massage and MLD group, separately) over the pain intensity variable. MLD treatment reduced pain intensity with respect to perineal massage in secundigravida women with gestational oedema from 25‐weeks of gestation to the end of puerperium.
Transition of adolescents with intellectual disability from schools for learners with special educational needs: Parents views for the preparedness
Authors: Malapela Rakgadi Grace , Thupayagale‐Tshweneagae Gloria , Mashalla Yohana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudies on preparedness of parents of adolescents living with intellectual disabilities transitioning from school to adulthood are scarce in sub‐Saharan Africa. This study explored views of parents on their preparedness to handle adolescents transitioning from special schools to adulthood.MethodsDescriptive qualitative method was used to collect views of parents of adolescents with intellectual disability on their preparedness to handle transition of their children from school into community life. Content analysis was used to analyse the data.FindingsTwelve female and two male participants expressed concerns on lack of transition plans, adolescent's future, culture and beliefs and inadequate community support. Views of parents of younger children and those of parents of older children were similar.ConclusionParents were unprepared for transition of their children from school to community life. Multidisciplinary approach including family involvement and community support is necessary to enhance the transition of adolescents with intellectual disability.