bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T tube sinus tract duodenal fistula: a rare complication of postoperative choledochoscopy for treating retained intrahepatic stones
Authors: Lou Jianying , Zhao Hua , Chen Wei , Wang Ji 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds
Postoperative percutaneous choledochoscopy via T tube sinus tract is a common modality for treating retained intrahepatic stones in China. We report a rare complication of postoperative choledochoscopy for treating retained hepatolithiasis: T tube sinus tract duodenal fistula.

Methods
From January 2003 to December 2018, intrahepatic duct stones with or without common bile duct stones were detected in 1031 patients. Fifteen of the 1031 patients with intrahepatic stones developed a T tube sinus tract duodenal fistula that was diagnosed by cholangiography and choledochoscopy.

Results
The incidence of T tube sinus tract duodenal fistula in patients with retained intrahepatic stones being treated by postoperative choledochoscopy is 1.45% (15/1031) in this series. The chi-squared test showed that hypoalbuminemia (P = 0.003), long duration of T tube (P = 0.002), and high frequency of procedure (P = 0.008) might be associated with the occurrence of T tube sinus tract duodenal fistula. The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that hypoalbuminemia might be the independent risk factor for this special fistula (P = 0.037).

Conclusions
Hypoalbuminemia, long time placement of T tube in situ and high frequency of procedure are probably the main causes of the T tube sinus tract duodenal fistula. Placement of T tube in correct way and improving nutritional status may be the key points to prevent the formation of T tube sinus tract duodenal fistula.
Kritische Orientierungen in der Geographie: Anmerkungen zur Studienmotivation und Berufswahl
Authors: Runkel Simon 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungIm vorliegenden Beitrag wird ausgehend von der Frage nach der Studienmotivation in der Geographie erörtert, inwieweit das Hochschulfach Geographie ein Orientierungsfach darstellt und damit auch Möglichkeit zur Kritik in gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhängen gibt. Geographie zu studieren, bedeutet im beruflichen und persönlichen Lebensvollzug eine Antwort darauf zu finden, was die Geographie ist. Im Studium wird eine berufliche Sinngebung ermöglicht und erprobt, weswegen im vorliegenden Beitrag argumentiert wird, dass diesen Sinngebungsprozessen eine dezidiert kritische Orientierung zuträglich ist. Mit Rückgriff auf Anne Buttimer wird aufgezeigt, in welchen Haltungen berufliche Sinngebungen einerseits bereits im Studium der Geographie eingeübt bzw. durch die Hochschullehre befördert werden können und wie dies disziplingeschichtlich mit Denkstilen im Fach zusammenhängt. Ferner wird erläutert, was Orientierung bedeutet und wie dies mit Kritik zusammenhängt. Es wird abschließend mit dem Vorschlag, Kritik als Mediation zu verstehen, für die Notwendigkeit einer kritisch angewandten Geographie plädiert.
Behandlung von seltenen Erkrankungen in der Kinder- und Jugendchirurgie: Status und Perspektiven aus der Sicht der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendchirurgie
Authors: Schalamon J. , Petnehazy T. 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung von seltenen Erkrankungen im Bereich der Kinder- und Jugendchirurgie ist in Österreich auf 7 Zentren verteilt. Obwohl es durchaus sinnvoll erscheint, weitere Schwerpunkte zu definieren, stehen zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt keine Informationen über aktuelle Fallzahlen und keine Outcome-Analysen der jeweiligen Abteilungen zur Verfügung. Daher empfiehlt sich als erster Schritt eine transparente Aufarbeitung der aktuellen Datenlage unter Einbeziehung der Sozialversicherungsträger. Nur dann können eine messbare Situationsanalyse und eine nachvollziehbare Verbesserung in der Betreuung von Patientinnen und Patienten mit seltenen Erkrankungen in Österreich erreicht werden.
Kinderherzchirurgie: am Beispiel des Kinderherzzentrums Linz
Authors: Mair R. , Tulzer G. 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Entstehung und Weiterentwicklung des Kinderherzzentrums Linz entsprang unserer eigenen Initiative und der Erkenntnis, dass enge interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit von größter Bedeutung ist. Sie wurde uns nicht verordnet, sie wurde uns aber durch weitblickende Abteilungsvorstände und Politiker ermöglicht. Voraussetzungen waren hohe fachliche Kompetenz aller Beteiligten, ausgeprägte Teamfähigkeit und Kommunikationsfähigkeit sowie der Wille zu Veränderung.Die sehr positive Weiterentwicklung unseres Zentrums sowie die schrittweise Zentralisierung sind primär das Resultat außerordentlich guter klinischer Ergebnisse, aber auch eines einigermaßen leistungsfreundlichen Umfelds aus Spitalsmanagement und lokaler Gesundheitspolitik. Das österreichische Spitalswesen ist trotz seiner Verdienste aufgrund seines administrativen Systems (Finanzierung, Personalzuteilung etc.), das sich im Wesentlichen an Belagstagen, Bettenanzahl, Postleitzahlen und ähnlichem orientiert, für Innovationen, Leistungssteigerung, Qualitätsverbesserung und Effizienzsteigerung sehr schwerfällig. Eine leistungs- und kompetenzgerechte Honorierung sowohl des Zentrums als auch seiner Mitarbeiter ist dringend erforderlich.
Limited antimicrobial efficacy of oral care antiseptics in microcosm biofilms and phenotypic adaptation of bacteria upon repeated exposure
Authors: Schwarz Sophia R. , Hirsch Stefanie , Hiergeist Andreas , Kirschneck Christian , Muehler Denise , Hiller Karl-Anton , Maisch Tim , Al-Ahmad Ali , Gessner André , Buchalla Wolfgang , Cieplik Fabian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The aims of this study were to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of antiseptics in saliva-derived microcosm biofilms, and to examine phenotypic adaption of bacteria upon repeated exposure to sub-inhibitory antiseptic concentrations.

Methods
Saliva-derived biofilms were formed mimicking caries- or gingivitis-associated conditions, respectively. Microbial compositions were analyzed by semiconductor-based 16S rRNA sequencing. Biofilms were treated with CHX, CPC, BAC, ALX, and DQC for 1 or 10 min, and colony forming units (CFU) were evaluated. Phenotypic adaptation of six selected bacterial reference strains toward CHX, CPC, and BAC was assessed by measuring minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) over 10 passages of sub-inhibitory exposure. Protein expression profiles were investigated by SDS-PAGE.

Results
Both biofilms showed outgrowth of streptococci and Veillonella spp., while gingivitis biofilms also showed increased relative abundances of Actinomyces, Granulicatella, and Gemella spp. Antiseptic treatment for 1 min led to no relevant CFU-reductions despite for CPC. When treated for 10 min, CPC was most effective followed by BAC, ALX, CHX, and DQC. Stable adaptations with up to fourfold MIC increases were found in E. coli toward all tested antiseptics, in E. faecalis toward CHX and BAC, and in S. aureus toward CPC. Adapted E. coli strains showed different protein expression as compared with the wildtype strain.

Conclusion
Antiseptics showed limited antimicrobial efficacy toward mature biofilms when applied for clinically relevant treatment periods. Bacteria showed phenotypic adaptation upon repeated sub-inhibitory exposure.

Clinical relevance
Clinicians should be aware that wide-spread use of antiseptics may pose the risk of inducing resistances in oral bacteria.
Tissue remodeling macrophages morphologically dominate at the interface of polypropylene surgical meshes in the human abdomen
Authors: Dievernich A. , Achenbach P. , Davies L. , Klinge U. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Mesh implants are widely used to reinforce the abdominal wall, although the inevitable inflammatory foreign body reaction (FBR) at the interface leads to complications. Macrophages are suspected to regulate the subsequent scar formation, but it is still unclear whether adequate fibrous scar formation with collagen deposition depends mainly on the presence of M1 or M2 macrophages.

Methods
This study investigated the FBR to seven human polypropylene meshes, which were removed after a median incorporation time of 1 year due to the primary complaint of recurrence. Using immunofluorescence, the FBR was examined in six regional zones with increasing distance from the mesh fibers up to 350 µm, based on the cell densities, macrophage M1 (CD86) and M2 (CD163, CD206) phenotypes, deposition of collagen-I and -III, and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and -8 as indicator of collagen degradation.

Results
All mesh–tissue complexes demonstrated a decrease in cell density and macrophages with distance to the mesh fibers. Overall, about 60% of the macrophages presented an M2 phenotype, whereas only 6% an M1 phenotype. Over 70% of macrophages showed co-expression with collagen-I or -III and over 50% with MMP-2.

Conclusions
The chronic FBR to polypropylene meshes is associated with an M2 macrophage response, which is accompanied by collagen deposition and MMP-2 expression. These findings challenge the idea that mainly M1 macrophages are related to inflammation and highlights that iatrogenic attempts to polarize these cells towards the M2 phenotype may not be a solution to ameliorate the long-term foreign body reaction.
The nCOVID-19 and financial stress in the USA: health is wealth
Authors: Alola Andrew Adewale , Alola Uju Violet , Sarkodie Samuel Asumadu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince its first report in the USA on 13 January 2020, the novel coronavirus (nCOVID-19) pandemic like in other previous epicentres in India, Brazil, China, Italy, Spain, UK, and France has until now hampered economic activities and financial markets. To offer one of the first empirical insights into the economic/financial effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the USA, this study utilized the daily frequency data for the period 25 February 2020–30 March 2020. By employing the empirical Markov switching regression approach and the compliments of cointegration techniques, the study establishes a two-state (stable and distressing) financial stress situation resulting from the effects of COVID-19 daily deaths, COVID-19 daily recovery, and the USA’ economic policy uncertainty. From the result, it is assertive that daily recovery from COVID-19 eases financial stress, while the reported daily deaths from COVID-19 further hamper financial stress in the country. Moreover, the uncertainty of the USA’ economic policy has also cost the Americans more financial stress and other socio-economic challenges. While the cure for COVID-19 remains elusive, as a policy instrument, the USA and similar countries with high severity of COVID-19 causalities may intensify and sustain the concerted efforts targeted at attaining a landmark recovery rate.
How well can we estimate immigration trends using Google data?
Authors: Wanner Philippe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFor a country to efficiently monitor international migration, quick access to information on migration flows is helpful. However, traditional data sources fail to provide immediate information on migration flows and do not facilitate the correct anticipation of these flows in the short term. To tackle this issue, this paper evaluates the predictive capacity of big data to estimate the current level or to predict short-term flows. The results show that Google Trends can provide information that reflects the attractiveness of Switzerland for to immigrants from different countries and predict, to some extent, current and future (short-term) migration flows of adults arriving from Spain or Italy. However, the predictions appear not to be satisfactory for other flows (from France and Germany). Additional studies based on alternative approaches are needed to validate or overturn our study results.
Three novel species and a new record of Daldinia (Hypoxylaceae) from Thailand
Authors: Wongkanoun Sarunyou , Becker Kevin , Boonmee Kanthawut , Srikitikulchai Prasert , Boonyuen Nattawut , Chainuwong Boonchuai , Luangsa-ard Jennifer , Stadler Marc 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn an investigation of stromatic Xylariales in Thailand, several specimens ofDaldiniawere discovered. Three novel species (D. flavogranulata,D. phadaengensis, andD. chiangdaoensis) were recognized from a molecular phylogeny based on concatenated ITS, LSU,RPB2, andTUB2sequence data, combined with morphological characters and secondary metabolite profiles based on high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The major components detected were cytochalasins (inD. flavogranulataandD. chiangdaoensis) and daldinin type azaphilones (inD.phadaengensis). In addition,D. brachysperma, which had hitherto only been reported from America, was found for the first time in Asia. Its phylogenetic affinities were studied, confirming previous suspicions from morphological comparisons that the species is closely related toD. eschscholtziiandD. bambusicola, both common in Thailand.Daldinia flavogranulata,one of the new taxa,was found to be closely related to the same taxa. The other two novel species,D. phadaengensisandD. chiangdaoensis, share characters withD. korfiiandD. kretzschmarioides, respectively.
Klassikerdämmerung. 100 Jahre Max Weber im Kontext der Soziologiegeschichte und des aktuellen Zustandes unserer Disziplin
Authors: Schwinn Thomas 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungWo steht die Max-Weber-Forschung 100 Jahre nach seinem Tod? Es werden verschiedene Phasen der Rezeption nachgezeichnet. Die Geschichte der Rezeption Webers spiegelt zugleich die Soziologiegeschichte. Zunächst lassen sich verschiedene Arten unterscheiden, wie man sich zu einem Klassiker verhalten kann, die alle im Umgang mit Weber identifizierbar sind (1). In den Jahrzehnten unmittelbar nach seinem Tod zeichnete sich nicht ab, dass er zu einem der bedeutendsten Autoren unserer Disziplin werden sollte. Schlüsselpersonen und Schlüsselereignisse waren entscheidend (2). In der zweiten Phase ab den späten 1960er-Jahren kommt es international zu einer Institutionalisierung der Weber-Forschung (3). Wie lässt sich die aktuelle Phase, beginnend mit den 1990er-Jahren, charakterisieren? Der Artikel unterbreitet hierzu einen Vorschlag, der die Rezeption Webers in den aktuellen Zustand der Soziologie einbettet (4). Befinden wir uns heute in einer Phase der Klassikerdämmerung?
Recent Industrial Developments of Marine Composites Limit States and Design Approaches on Strength
Authors: Barsotti Beatrice , Gaiotti Marco , Rizzo Cesare Mario 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo further exploit the potential of marine composites applications in building ship hulls, offshore structures, and marine equipment and components, design approaches should be improved, facing the challenge of a more comprehensive and explicit assessment of appropriately defined limit states. The structure ultimate/limit conditions shall be verified in principle within the whole structural domain and throughout the ship service life. What above calls for extended and reliable materials characterization on the one hand and for accurate and wide-ranging procedures in structural analyses. This paper presents an overview of recent industrial developments of marine composites limit states assessments and design approaches, as available in open literature, focusing on pleasure crafts and yachts as well as navy ships and thus showing a starting point to fill the gap in this respect. After a general introduction about composites characterization techniques, current design practice and rule requirements are briefly summarized. Both inter-ply and intra-ply failure modes and corresponding limit states are then presented along with recently proposed assessment approaches. Three-dimensional aspects in failure modes and manufacturing methods have been identified as the main factors influencing marine composite robustness. Literature review highlighted also fire resistance and hybrid joining techniques as significant issues in the use of marine composites.
Integrating Genetics and the Plasma Proteome to Predict the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zanini Julia Carrasco , Pietzner Maik , Langenberg Claudia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
Proteins are the central layer of information transfer from genome to phenome and represent the largest class of drug targets. We review recent advances in high-throughput technologies that provide comprehensive, scalable profiling of the plasma proteome with the potential to improve prediction and mechanistic understanding of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Recent Findings
Technological and analytical advancements have enabled identification of novel protein biomarkers and signatures that help to address challenges of existing approaches to predict and screen for T2D. Genetic studies have so far revealed putative causal roles for only few of the proteins that have been linked to T2D, but ongoing large-scale genetic studies of the plasma proteome will help to address this and increase our understanding of aetiological pathways and mechanisms leading to diabetes.

Summary
Studies of the human plasma proteome have started to elucidate its potential for T2D prediction and biomarker discovery. Future studies integrating genomic and proteomic data will provide opportunities to prioritise drug targets and identify pathways linking genetic predisposition to T2D development.
The microRNA-17 ~ 92 Family as a Key Regulator of Neurogenesis and Potential Regenerative Therapeutics of Neurological Disorders
Authors: Xia Xiaohuan , Wang Yi , Zheng Jialin C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractmiR-17 ~ 92, an miRNA family containing three paralogous polycistronic clusters, was initially considered as an oncogene and was later demonstrated to trigger various physiological and pathological processes. Emerging evidence has implicated miR-17 ~ 92 family as a master regulator of neurogenesis. Through targeting numerous genes that affect cell cycle arrest, stemness deprivation, and lineage commitment, miR-17 ~ 92 family controls the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells in both developmental and adult brains. Due to the essential roles of miR-17 ~ 92 family, its misexpression is widely associated with acute and chronic neurological disorders by attenuating neurogenesis and facilitating neuronal apoptosis. The promising neurogenic potential of miR-17 ~ 92 family also makes it a promising “medicine” to activate the endogenous and exogenous regenerative machinery, thus enhance tissue repair and function recovery after brain injury. In this review, we focus on the recent progress made toward understanding the involvement of miR-17 ~ 92 family in regulating both developmental and adult neurogenesis, and discuss the regenerative potential of miR-17 ~ 92 family in treating neurological disorders.
Predictors of cardiac rehabilitation referral, enrolment and completion after acute myocardial infarction: an exploratory study
Authors: Brouwers R. W. M. , Houben V. J. G. , Kraal J. J. , Spee R. F. , Kemps H. M. C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite proven clinical benefits, only a minority of patients complete outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The main purpose of this study was to evaluate to what extent and at which time patients drop out of CR, and to assess which patient-related characteristics can predict dropout.

Methods
In a retrospective cohort study, we selected patients who had been hospitalised with an AMI in our centre in 2015 or 2016. Patients were selected pseudonymously based on reimbursement codes in the electronic health record. We extracted baseline characteristics and data on CR referral, enrolment and completion for each patient. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess which characteristics predicted referral and dropout.

Results
The 666 patients included were predominantly male (66%), with a mean age of 69.0 years. Of the 640 eligible patients, 201 (31%) were not referred for CR. Enrolment after referral was 94%. Nonreferral was independently associated with older age, female sex, traveling distance, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI; as compared with STEMI), no coronary revascularisation and prior manifestations of coronary artery disease. Of the 414 enrolled patients, 24% did not complete their CR programmes (i.e. dropped out). Older age and worse exercise capacity at baseline were independently associated with dropout. The ability of the multiple regression models to predict nonreferral and noncompletion was good to fair, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.86 and 0.71, respectively.

Conclusion
The main reason for not participating in or not completing CR after AMI was nonreferral. To optimise CR utilisation, improvement of referral rates should be prioritised.
Healthcare Professional and Service User Perspectives on Formal Educational Programmes for Children and Young People with Cancer in the UK
Authors: McInally Wendy , Campbell Karen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCaring for children and young people with cancer requires specific knowledge, skills and experience to deliver the complex care regimes both within the hospital or community environment. This study explored the educational gaps in caring for children and young people with cancer. To address this, a mixed methodology approach was adopted in two phases. Phase one was a questionnaire circulated to healthcare professional members (n = 850) of the Children’s Cancer and Leukaemia Group and Managed Service Network, Scotland. Response rate (n = 121) (14%) was achieved. In phase two of the study, a focus groups (n = 4) was conducted with young people in Scotland through the Managed Service Network. This was to gain a critical understanding from service user perspective and what they deemed as important to their overall care delivery. Phase one: healthcare professional results reported that 76% (n = 93) were aware of education; 69% (n = 84) found that knowledge supported practice development, but only 45% (n = 55) finding current education provision useful. The top education topics identified to be lacking in educational availability were communication, psychological support, dealing with young people, supportive care, diagnosis and treatment and challenges to learning. Several participants 64% (n = 78) suggested that funding and time was a barrier, and that there was a lack of provision. Phase two: Findings from the focus group (n = 4) thematic analysis identified five key themes. Service users expected professionals to be knowledgeable and trained, but when talking about experiencing care, gave insights into the gaps in their care. Findings suggest that formal cancer education is required.
Toughness properties at multi-layer laser beam welding of high-strength steels
Authors: Volpp Joerg , Jonsén Pär , Ramasamy Anandkumar , Kalfsbeek Bert 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe material characteristics of high toughness and high strength in steel are usually not available at the same time. However, it would be an advantage if high-strength steels would show high impact toughness also at lower temperatures for applications in critical surroundings. In this paper, an approach of multi-layer welding of high-strength steel is presented in order to increase the weld-metal toughness using wire material in combination with thermal cycle modifications. Promising interlocking microstructures were found after multiple tempering of the previously applied structure at homogeneously distributed material in the weld seam. It was found that short thermal cycles during laser processing lead to insufficient time for carbon diffusion, which leads to remaining ferrite structures in contrast to the prediction of welding transformation diagrams. The additionally applied heating cycles during multi-layer laser welding induce the formation of interlocking microstructures that help to increase the weld seam toughness.