bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating Qualified Nurses And Non‐Nurses In Midwifery Education: The Two‐Year Experience Of An Acnm Doa Accredited Program
Authors: Fullerton Judith T. , Shah Mary Ann , Schechter Suzanne , Muller Jessica H. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTIn 1996, the Division of Accreditation (DOA) of the American College of Nurse‐Midwives (ACNM) preaccredited the first direct entry program of midwifery education for candidates who already possess undergraduate degrees in non‐nursing disciplines. Inaugurated through the partnership of the State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn and the North Central Bronx Hospital, this 1‐year, postbaccalaureate, certificate program of studies graduated two integrated classes of 22 registered nurse (RN) and nine direct entry (DE) students between 1997 and 1998.This article presents the experience of the first 2 years of this innovative program, focusing on the profiles of the DE students, their achievements, and their experiences entering the workforce. All of the data comparing nurse and non‐nurse student progress through the program of studies strongly support the conclusion that, within an ACNM DOA preaccredited/accredited midwifery education program, DE students can achieve standards of academic excellence and clinical competency that are at least equivalent to those demonstrated by their RN peers.
Adsorption
Authors: Bastos‐Neto Moises , de Azevedo Diana Cristina Silva , de Lucena Sebastião Mardônio Pereira 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSince the first theory of adsorption was proposed by Irving Langmuir in 1918, the body of practical and theoretical knowledge about adsorption has grown significantly. For example, large‐scale adsorption‐based processes allow separation of mixtures, such as multicomponent gas streams, which are impossible or too costly to be carried out by other operations. Interfacial interactions play key roles in heterogeneous catalysis, chromatographic separation, membrane filtration, environmental remediation, and better understanding of the adsorption phenomenon support development of new industrial materials and processes.In this article, fundamental aspects related to adsorption, from thermodynamics at molecular level to column dynamics, are reviewed. Developments in the field, particularly related to novel materials and integrated multiscale approaches in process design, are also described.
Emulsions
Authors: Chandler Mark 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEmulsions may be viewed as oil and water peacefully coexisting in varied ways. However, making emulsions is quite complex. This article is written from the point of view of a professional focusing on practical/industrial aspects and attempting to explain the fundamentals of creating emulsions for commercial use. The article starts with basic principles and then describes how to make stable emulsions, troubleshoot, and formulate new emulsion forms that provide enhanced effects.
Surfactants
Authors: Begum Farzana , Xu Liangchen , Amin Samiul 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article provides an overview of surfactants. Various types of surfactants, their physicochemical properties, such as CMC, Krafft point, cloud point are described. Types of surfactants and their applications in cosmetic/consumer products, pharmaceuticals, foods and petroleum are discussed. Key performance aspects of surfactants including foam stability, emulsification, and rheology modification are also discussed.
Diastereodivergent Formal 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of 5‐alkenyl thiazolones to Access Stereochemically Diverse Pyrrolidinyl Spirooxindoles
Authors: He Yu , Liu Yue , Liu Yu , Kou Xin‐Xin , Li Qing‐Zhu , Li Jia‐Hong , Jiang He‐Zhong , Leng Hai‐Jun , Peng Cheng , Li Jun‐Long 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe report here a stereoselective [3+2] cyclization of 5‐alkenyl thiazolones and ketimines that allows the assembly of three diastereoisomers through the combination of stereodivergent organocatalysis and the following diastereoselective transformation of products. A broad spectrum of pyrrolidinyl spirooxindoles featuring stereochemical diversity has been synthesized through organocatalytic formal 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions with up to 98% yield, >20:1 dr and 99:1 er.magnified image
A genetic variant of pri‐miR‐182 may impact the risk for the onset of multiple sclerosis in the Iranian population
Authors: Najafi Nadia , Peymani Maryam 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common autoimmune disease of the central nervous system affecting young adults. SNPs can be used as genetic biomarkers to identify disease‐related genes such as MS. Moreover, SNPs can be considered as important determinants for an increased risk of autoimmune diseases such as MS. Studies have shown that miR‐182 is of importance in Treg cell development and function as critical regulators in autoimmune disease. So far, no study has been conducted to investigate the association between rs4541843 polymorphism in pri‐miR‐182 and MS. In the present study, we assessed the frequency of rs4541843 different alleles and genotypes and their association with MS risk in Iranian population.MethodsThe rs4541843 was genotyped in 81 patients with MS and 89 healthy subjects, using the PCR‐RFLP method. The frequency of alleles and genotypes and the association of this polymorphism with MS risk and the gender of the patients was then statistically analyzed.ResultsStatistical analysis showed the protective role of AA genotype against MS risk (P = .031, OR = 0.348) while there was no significance correlation between the frequency of rs4541843 different alleles and the other genotypes.ConclusionOur findings illustrated that the pri‐miR‐182 rs4541843 G>A polymorphism is associated with the risk of MS in Isfahan population. However, additional large‐scale association studies in various ethnicities and more molecular studies are necessary to elaborate our findings.
Complete Charge Regulation by a Redox Enzyme Upon Single Electron Transfer
Authors: Zhang Ao Yun , Koone Jordan C. , Dashnaw Chad M. , Zahler Collin T. , Shaw Bryan F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe degree by which metalloproteins partially regulate net charge (Z) upon electron transfer (ET) was recently measured for the first time using “protein charge ladders” of azurin, cytochrome c, and myoglobin [Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018, 57(19), 5364–5368; Angew. Chem. 2018, 130, 5462–5466]. Here, we show that Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is unique among proteins in its ability to resist changes in net charge upon single ET (e.g., ΔZET(SOD1)=0.05±0.08 per electron, compared to ΔZET(Cyt‐c)=1.19±0.02). This total regulation of net charge by SOD1 is attributed to the protonation of the bridging histidine upon copper reduction, yielding redox centers that are isoelectric at both copper oxidation states. Charge regulation by SOD1 would prevent long range coulombic perturbations to residue pKa’s upon ET at copper, allowing SOD1’s “electrostatic loop” to attract superoxide with equal affinity (at both redox states of copper) during diffusion‐limited reduction and oxidation of superoxide.
Selective Enzymatic Oxidation of Silanes to Silanols
Authors: Bähr Susanne , Brinkmann‐Chen Sabine , Garcia‐Borràs Marc , Roberts John M. , Katsoulis Dimitris E. , Houk K. N. , Arnold Frances H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCompared to the biological world's rich chemistry for functionalizing carbon, enzymatic transformations of the heavier homologue silicon are rare. We report that a wild‐type cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450BM3 from Bacillus megaterium, CYP102A1) has promiscuous activity for oxidation of hydrosilanes to give silanols. Directed evolution was applied to enhance this non‐native activity and create a highly efficient catalyst for selective silane oxidation under mild conditions with oxygen as the terminal oxidant. The evolved enzyme leaves C−H bonds present in the silane substrates untouched, and this biotransformation does not lead to disiloxane formation, a common problem in silanol syntheses. Computational studies reveal that catalysis proceeds through hydrogen atom abstraction followed by radical rebound, as observed in the native C−H hydroxylation mechanism of the P450 enzyme. This enzymatic silane oxidation extends nature's impressive catalytic repertoire.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Cyclization–[4+3] Annulation Cascades between 2‐(1‐Alkynyl)‐2‐alken‐1‐ones and Anthranils
Authors: Kardile Rahul Dadabhau , Chao Tzu‐Hsuan , Cheng Mu‐Jeng , Liu Rai‐Shung 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis work reports gold‐catalyzed [4+3]‐annulations of 2‐(1‐alkynyl)‐2‐alken‐1‐ones with anthranils to yield epoxybenzoazepine products with excellent exo‐diastereoselectivity (dr>25:1). The utility of this new gold catalysis is manifested by applicable substrates over a broad scope. More importantly, the enantioselective versions of these [4+3]‐cycloadditions have been developed satisfactorily with chiral gold catalysts under ambient conditions (DCM, 0 °C); the ee levels range from 88.0–99.9 %. With DFT calculations, we postulate a stepwise pathway to rationalize the preferable exo‐stereoselection.
Copper‐Catalyzed Regioselective Borocarbonylative Coupling of Unactivated Alkenes with Alkyl Halides: Synthesis of β‐Boryl Ketones
Authors: Wu Fu‐Peng , Yuan Yang , Schünemann Claas , Kamer Paul C. J. , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe borocarbonylative coupling of unactivated alkenes with alkyl halides remains a challenge. In this communication, a Cu‐catalyzed borocarbonylative coupling of unactivated alkenes with alkyl halides for the synthesis of β‐boryl ketones has been developed. A broad range of β‐boryl ketone derivatives was prepared in moderate to excellent yields with complete regioselectivity.
Effect of Roasting on Flaxseed Oil Quality and Stability
Authors: Waszkowiak Katarzyna , Siger Aleksander , Rudzińska Magdalena , Bamber Weronika 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe food industry is interested in the application of roasted flaxseeds because the treatment improves their sensory acceptability. However, it also influences flaxseed oil nutritional quality and stability. The aim of the study was to analyze oxidation changes in situ and in flaxseed oil compounds (fatty acids, phytosterols, tocochromanols) and Maillard reaction products (MRP) after roasting. The effect of the roasting temperature (160–220 °C) and flaxseed cultivars (golden‐ and brown‐seed) was taken into consideration. The results showed that the selection of roasting temperature (<200 °C vs. ≥200 °C) and flaxseed cultivar significantly influenced the nutritional quality and oxidative stability of roasted flaxseed oils. The roasting of flaxseeds did not significantly affect the fatty acid profiles of oil but it influenced the content of the other bioactive compounds. As the roasting temperature increased (≥200 °C), the γ‐tocopherol degradation decreased, whereas the content of plastochromanol‐8 increased. The total content of phytosterols in the roasted seed samples was higher than in the raw seeds but there was no correlation between the phytosterol content and roasting temperature. The temperature ≥200 °C significantly accelerated in situ oil oxidation during roasting. On the other hand, these conditions favored the MRP formation, which may have slowed down the dynamics of oil oxidation during storage. There was lower oil oxidation in the brown‐seed cultivar; in consequence, the tocopherol retention was higher than in the golden‐seed cultivars. The results could be useful for the selection of the best cultivars and treatment conditions to decrease unfavorable changes in flaxseed oil nutritional quality and stability.
Effect of pore size of monofilament woven filter cloth as supporting material for dynamic membrane filtration on performance using aerobic membrane bioreactor technology
Authors: Mahat Siti BaizuraBinti , Omar Rozita , Lee Jing Ling , Mohd Idris Aida Isma , Che Man Hasfalina , Mustapa Kamal Siti Mazlina , Idris Azni 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDynamic membranes (DMs) defined as cake layer forms on a support material such as filter cloth have been of great interest in recent years. The usage of DMs can reduce the capital cost significantly and energy consumption during wastewater treatment by replacing the conventional membrane. The formation of an active dynamic cake layer is highly related to the retention of particles on the support material surface. In this study, different pore sizes of monofilament woven filter cloth made of polypropylene (PP; 20, 40, and 60 μm) were installed as a flat sheet in a DM bioreactor (DMBR) to treat high strength food wastewater [>1,000 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD)]. The wastewater treatment performances, namely COD, turbidity, total solid separation, and total ammonia nitrogen removal efficiencies, were assessed daily. The system achieved average COD removals higher than 80% and 70% for smaller pore size and larger pore size, respectively. Based on the results (duration of 4 days), the 20 μm pore size monofilament filter cloth was found most suitable for the cake layer development. The results also demonstrate that the biofilm composed of the cake layer of the DM on smaller pore size significantly concurs with the high treatment efficiency compared with the larger pore size.
Cryogenic mechanical properties and failure mechanism of epoxy nanocomposites modified by multiwalled carbon nanotubes with tunable oxygen‐containing groups on surface
Authors: Li Hong , Wang Kun , Chen Gong , Sun Lingyu , Yang Jiping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe surface chemistry and structure of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) plays an important role in MWCNT/epoxy nanocomposites. In this contribution, oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotube (OMCNT) with tunable oxygen‐containing groups is prepared by finely controlling oxidation time and centrifugal speeds. Effects of oxygen‐containing group content on mechanical properties of the OMCNT/E51 epoxy nanocomposites at 77 K are investigated in detail. It reveals that oxygen‐containing groups on the OMCNT surface contribute to significant increases in tensile strength and impact resistance of the OMCNT/E51 epoxy nanocomposites compared with those of the pristine MWCNT/E51 nanocomposites. A positive correlation between the oxygen‐containing group content and interfacial properties of OMCNT and epoxy matrix is demonstrated by thermogravimetric analysis and fracture morphology, and homogeneous dispersion of the OMCNT in epoxy matrix is obtained with the increase of oxygen‐containing groups on surface of the OMCNT. However, proper content of oxygen‐containing groups is essential to OMCNT/E51 nanocomposites because excessive oxidation tends to make sever structural defects on the OMCNT and has a side effect on cryogenic mechanical properties of OMCNT/E51 nanocomposites.
Controlled release of doxycycline within core/shell poly(ε‐caprolactone)/poly(ethylene oxide) fibers via coaxial electrospinning
Authors: Eskitoros‐Togay Ş. Melda , Bulbul Y. Emre , Dilsiz Nursel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe development of fibers with desired drug release properties has gained a high research interest for water‐soluble drugs with controlled drug delivery systems obtained by coaxial electrospinning technique. The objective of this study is to achieve the controlled‐release of doxycycline hyclate (DOXH) from the fabricated electrospun fibers. In this case, three different electrospun core/shell fibers have been successfully fabricated using this technique and the model drug, DOXH, has been entrapped in the core layers. The results of the structural properties and in vitro release studies have been compared with electrospun monostructural fibers fabricated by conventional electrospinning technique. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images have proved that the fabricated electrospun fibers have core/shell structures. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has shown convenient interaction and compatibility between polymers and the model drug. X‐ray diffraction analysis has revealed that all the encapsulated DOXH are transferred into amorphous physical state and lost its crystalline state in the fibers. Moreover, drug release studies have demonstrated that the electrospun core/shell fibers show a better‐controlled release than the monostructural fibers. It can be concluded that the fibers obtained by blending hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers such as poly(ε‐caprolactone) and poly(ethylene oxide) in both shell and core sides are promising candidate for controlled drug release.
Modern morphometrics and the study of population differences: Good data behind clever analyses and cool pictures?
Authors: Cardini Andrea 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe study of phenotypic variation in time and space is central to evolutionary biology. Modern geometric morphometrics is the leading family of methods for the quantitative analysis of biological forms. This set of techniques relies heavily on technological innovation for data acquisition, often in the form of 2D or 3D digital images, and on powerful multivariate statistical tools for their analysis. However, neither the most sophisticated device for computerized imaging nor the best statistical test can produce accurate, robust and reproducible results, if it is not based on really good samples and an appropriate use of the ‘measurements’ extracted from the data. Using examples mostly from my own work on mammal craniofacial variation and museum specimens, I will show how easy it is to forget these most basic assumptions, while focusing heavily on analytical and visualization methods, and much less on the data that generate potentially powerful analyses and visually appealing diagrams.
2D Nb4N5 Nanosheets Synthesized by a Template Method
Authors: Su Yuyu , Wang Lifeng , Liu Dan , Zhang Liangzhu , Wang Jiemin , Chen Cheng , Yang Guoliang , Razal Joselito , Lei Weiwei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNiobium nitrides possess superconductivity and stable chemical stability, which render them desirable candidates for energy storage. Therefore, they deserve exploration for potential energy storage applications. Here we report on the synthesis of 2D Nb4N5 nanosheets by ammonization of NbS2 nanosheets as templates at 700 °C. The obtained 2D Nb4N5 nanosheets retain their hexagon shape and display a porous structure with a pore size of 3.716 nm. These 2D Nb4N5 nanosheets exhibit capacitor behavior as electrode materials for energy storage. This study opens a new avenue in synthesizing 2D materials based on 2D templates.
A secured smart automation system for computer labs in engineering colleges using the internet of things
Authors: Basheer Shakila , AlLuhaidan Ala Saleh , Mathew Rincy Merlin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) conceptualizes the objective of remotely connecting real objects with the Internet. In the case of a smart lab, this method can be incorporated to make the lab smarter and automated. This paper focuses on building a smart automated computer lab using the IoT that sends an alert email to users in case of an attack. The sensor‐based secured lab automation system is a technology system that connects most of the wireless systems and ensures monitoring of the lab. In the present age, the internet plays a major role in solving major issues of society; however, the problems in the existing system are cost and range. In this paper, a sensor‐based smart secured computer lab automation system using the IoT is presented. The system has the potential to solve security issues like fire detection, which is a security threat. This proposed model is more cost‐effective, has low power consumption, and is reliable compared to the existing systems.
Treatment patterns and outcomes in pancreatic cancer: Retrospective claims analysis
Authors: Doleh Yunes , Lal Lincy S. , Blauer‐Petersen Cori , Antico Giovanni , Pishvaian Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic cancer represents the third leading cause of US cancer deaths, with median survival <1 year. The goal of this study was to describe systemic treatments, healthcare utilization and costs, and overall survival among patients with unresectable/metastatic disease.MethodsThis study used healthcare claims for commercial and Medicare Advantage enrollees diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (at index date) during January 01 2010 to 31 May 2017. Included patients were aged ≥18 years, with continuous 6‐month preindex enrollment. Patients were excluded by resectable disease, another primary cancer, or pregnancy. Cohorts were based on first‐line (LOT1) chemotherapy regimen.ResultsOverall, 12 978 patients (mean age 70 years, 51% male) were included, among which 5610 (43%) received chemotherapy. Of those, 23% received gemcitabine monotherapy, 22% gemcitabine‐nab paclitaxel, 22% FOLFIRINOX, 3% FOLFOX, and 29% received other regimens. Mean LOT1 duration was 112 days; 60% did not undergo subsequent lines of therapy. Moreover, 50% of patients had an emergency room visit and 45% were hospitalized during LOT1. Among treated and untreated patients, mean total 6‐month costs were $52 101. We found that patients receiving FOLFIRINOX had the highest costs, whereas those who received gemcitabine monotherapy had the lowest. Median overall survival (mOS) was 335 days with any first‐line treatment. FOLFIRINOX‐treated patients had the highest mOS (492 days), whereas gemcitabine monotherapy‐treated patients had the lowest (223 days).ConclusionsA large proportion (57%) of patients with unresectable/metastatic pancreatic cancer did not receive chemotherapy. Healthcare costs were higher for fluorouracil‐based regimens, while lower for gemcitabine‐based regimens. Survival rates were within expectations for advanced pancreatic cancer.
New Indole Diketopiperazine Alkaloids from Soft Coral‐Associated Epiphytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. EGF 15‐0‐3
Authors: Wei Xia , Feng Chan , Wang Si‐Yu , Zhang Dong‐Mei , Li Xiao‐Hui , Zhang Cui‐Xian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThree new indole diketopiperazine alkaloids, 11‐methylneoechinulin E and variecolorin M, and (+)‐variecolorin G, along with 12 known analogs, were isolated from a soft coral‐associated epiphytic fungus Aspergillus sp. EGF 15‐0‐3. The structures of the new compounds were unambiguously established by extensive spectroscopic analyses including HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and optical rotation measurements. The absolute configurations of (+)‐ and (−)‐variecolorin G were determined by experimental and quantum‐chemical ECD investigations and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Variecolorin G is a pair of enantiomeric mixtures with a ratio of 1 : 2. Moreover, (+)‐neoechinulin A is firstly reported as a natural product. The cytotoxic activities of all the isolated compounds against NCI‐H1975 gefitinib resistance (NCI‐H1975/GR) cell lines were preliminarily evaluated by MTT method.
Time‐Dependent Cytotoxic Properties of Terpyridine‐Based Copper Complexes
Authors: Grau Jordi , Caubet Amparo , Roubeau Olivier , Montpeyó David , Lorenzo Julia , Gamez Patrick 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFive copper complexes supported by terpyridine ligands were prepared and characterized, viz. [Cu3Cl4(naphtpy)2][CuCl2] (1), [Cu2Cl2(naphtpy)2](ClO4)2 (2), [CuCl2(naphtpy)]2(MeOH)3(H2O) (3), [CuCl2(Cltpy)] (4) and [Cu(Cltpy)2](ClO4)2 (5); (where naphtpy stands for 4’‐((naphthalen‐2‐yl)methoxy)‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine and Cltpy for 4′‐chloro‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine). Their ability to interact with DNA was investigated, and their cytotoxic behaviour was examined with three cells lines, namely human ovarian carcinoma cells (A2780), their derived cisplatin‐resistant line (A2780cis), and human cervix adenocarcinoma cells (HeLa). All compounds show good cytotoxic properties (especially after 72 h of incubation). Remarkably, two compounds, 4 and 5, are still almost inactive after 24 h (particularly 4), but are highly active after 72 h, with IC50 values in the low‐micromolar to sub‐micromolar range. Compounds 1 and 2 induce necrosis, whereas late apoptosis is observed with 3–5, 4 exhibiting a behaviour close to that of cisplatin.