bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Power‐to‐Fuel Plant Flexibility Towards Power and Plant Utilization and Intermediate Hydrogen Buffer Size
Authors: Pfeifer Peter , Biffar Linus , Timm Friedemann , Böltken Tim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConversion of intermittent renewable energy into synthetic fuels and chemicals is required to secure long‐distance transport and feedstock for chemical industry. Due to the fluctuating energy generation, process intensification and feed flexibility are essential. This contribution investigates the importance of feed flexibility on the buffer size with applying a 20:80 scenario of wind/solar energy generation. The degree of power and plant utilization are calculated. With the capability to accept a lower load bound of 17 % after only 10 min, a minimum tank capacity of only 1.3 h is calculated to avoid a fuel plant stop throughout a calendar year. Additional tank capacity for peak power compensation in the range of ∼10 h is beneficial for the utilization degree of power and under the prerequisite of a load‐flexible fuel plant.
Clinical impact of complete atrioventricular block in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Kawamura Yosuke , Yokoyama Hiroaki , Kitayama Kazutaka , Miura Naotake , Hamadate Misato , Nagawa Daiki , Nozaka Masashi , Nakata Masamichi , Nishizaki Fumie , Hanada Kenji , Yokota Takashi , Yamada Masahiro , Higuma Takumi , Tomita Hirofumi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractComplete atrioventricular block (CAVB) is a common complication of ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Although STEMI patients complicated with CAVB had a higher mortality in the thrombolytic era, little is known about the impact of CAVB on STEMI patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The study aimed at evaluating the clinical impact of CAVB on STEMI patients in the primary PCI era. We consecutively enrolled 1295 STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI within 24 hours from onset. Patients were divided into two groups according to the infarct location: anterior STEMI (n = 640) and nonanterior STEMI (n = 655). The outcomes were all‐cause death and major adverse cardiocerebrovascular events (MACCE) with a median follow‐up period of 3.8 (1.7–6.6) years. Eighty‐one patients (6.3%) developed CAVB. The incidence of CAVB was lower in anterior STEMI patients than in nonanterior STEMI (1.7% vs 10.7%, p < .05). Anterior STEMI patients with CAVB had a higher incidence of all‐cause deaths (82% vs 20%, p < .05) and MACCE (82% vs 25%, p < .05) than those without CAVB. Although higher incidence of all‐cause deaths was found more in nonanterior STEMI patients with CAVB compared with those without CAVB (30% vs 18%, p < .05), there was no significant difference in the incidence of MACCE (24% vs 19%). Multivariate analysis showed that CAVB was an independent predictor for all‐cause mortality and MACCE in anterior STEMI patients, but not in nonanterior STEMI. CAVB is rare in anterior STEMI patients, but remains a poor prognostic complication even in the primary PCI era.
Benchmark Data Sets of Boron Cluster Dihydrogen Bonding for the Validation of Approximate Computational Methods
Authors: Fanfrlík Jindřich , Pecina Adam , Řezáč Jan , Lepšík Martin , Sárosi Menyhárt B. , Hnyk Drahomír , Hobza Pavel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe success of approximate computational methods, such as molecular mechanics, or dispersion‐corrected density functional theory, in the description of non‐covalent interactions relies on accurate parameterizations. Benchmark data sets are thus required. This area is well developed for organic molecules and biomolecules but practically non‐existent for boron clusters, which have been gaining in importance in modern drug as well as material design. To fill this gap, we have introduced two data sets featuring the most common non‐covalent interaction of boron clusters, the dihydrogen bond, and calculated reference interaction energies at the “golden standard” CCSD(T)/CBS level. The boron clusters studied interact with formamide, methanol, water and methane at various distances and in two geometrical arrangements. The performance of the tested approximate methods is variable and recommendations for further use are given.
Trauma and healing in the underserved populations of homelessness and corrections: Forgiveness Therapy as an added component to intervention
Authors: Song Mary Jacqueline , Yu Lifan , Enright Robert D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to begin applying the principles of the psychology of forgiveness to people who are without homes and people who are in prisons. A review of the literature shows trauma for both groups. When the trauma is caused by unjust treatment by others, then excessive anger can result, compromising one's psychological and physical health. We review the interventions that have been offered for those without homes and the imprisoned to examine which existing programmes address such anger. Forgiveness Therapy, although untried in these two settings, may be one beneficial approach for substantially reducing unhealthy anger. Forgiveness interventions have shown a cause‐and‐effect relationship between learning to forgive and overcoming psychological compromise such as strong resentment and clinical levels of anxiety and depression. The literature review here suggests that forgiveness therapy for those without homes and the imprisoned may be a new and important consideration for ameliorating anger and aiding in a changed life pattern.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Drug‐Induced Liver Injury in the Older Patients: From the Young‐Old to the Oldest‐Old
Authors: Weersink Rianne A. , Alvarez‐Alvarez Ismael , Medina‐Cáliz Inmaculada , Sanabria‐Cabrera Judith , Robles‐Díaz Mercedes , Ortega‐Alonso Aida , García‐Cortés Miren , Bonilla Elvira , Niu Hao , Soriano German , Jimenez‐Perez Miguel , Hallal Hacibe , Blanco Sonia , Kaplowitz Neil , Lucena M. Isabel , Andrade Raúl J. 
Published: November 2020

Older patients with hepatotoxicity have been scarcely studied in idiosyncratic drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) cohorts. We sought the distinctive characteristics of DILI in older patients across age groups. A total of 882 DILI patients included in the Spanish DILI Registry (33% ≥ 65 years) were categorized according to age: “young” (< 65 years); “young‐old” (65–74 years); “middle‐old” (75–84 years); and “oldest‐old” (≥ 85 years). All elderly groups had an increasingly higher comorbidity burden (P < 0.001) and polypharmacy (P < 0.001). There was a relationship between jaundice and hospitalization (P < 0.001), and both were more prevalent in the older age groups, especially in the oldest‐old (88% and 69%, respectively), and the DILI episode was more severe (P = 0.029). The proportion of females decreased across age groups from the young to the middle‐old, yet in the oldest‐old there was a distinct female predominance. Pattern of liver injury shifted towards cholestatic with increasing age among top culprit drugs amoxicillin‐clavulanate, atorvastatin, levofloxacin, ibuprofen, and ticlopidine. The best cutoff point for increased odds of cholestatic DILI was 65 years. Older patients had increased non–liver‐related mortality (P = 0.030) as shown by the predictive capacity of the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score (odds ratio (OR) = 1.116; P < 0.001), and comorbidity burden (OR = 4.188; P = 0.001) in the 6‐month mortality. Older patients with DILI exhibited an increasingly predominant cholestatic phenotype across a range of culprit drugs, other than amoxicillin‐clavulanate, with increased non–liver‐related mortality and require a different approach to predict outcome. The oldest DILI patients exhibited a particular phenotype with more severe DILI episodes and need to be considered when stratifying older DILI populations.
Potential regional declines in species richness of tomato pollinators in North America under climate change
Authors: Carrasco Luis , Papeş Monica , Lochner Ellie N. , Ruiz Brandyn C. , Williams Abigail G. , Wiggins Gregory J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAbout 70% of the world's main crops depend on insect pollination. Climate change is already affecting the abundance and distribution of insects, which could cause geographical mismatches between crops and their pollinators. Crops that rely primarily on wild pollinators (e.g., crops that cannot be effectively pollinated by commercial colonies of honey bees) could be particularly in jeopardy. However, limited information on plant–pollinator associations and pollinator distributions complicate the assessment of climate change impacts on specific crops. To study the potential impacts of climate change on pollination of a specific crop in North America, we use the case of open‐field tomato crops, which rely on buzz pollinators (species that use vibration to release pollen, such as bumble bees) to increase their production. We aimed to (1) assess potential changes in buzz pollinator distribution and richness, and (2) evaluate the overlap between areas with high densities of tomato crops and high potential decrease in richness. We used baseline (1961–1990) climate and future (2050s and 2080s) climatic projections in ecological niche models fitted with occurrences of wild bees, documented in the literature as pollinators of tomatoes, to estimate the baseline and future potential distribution of suitable climatic conditions of targeted species and to create maps of richness change across North America. We obtained reliable models for 15 species and found important potential decreases in the distribution of some pollinators (e.g., Lasioglossum pectorale and Augochlorella aurata). We observed geographical discrepancies in the projected change in species richness across North America, detecting important declines in the eastern United States (up to 11 species decrease for 2050s). After overlapping the maps of species richness change with a tomato crop map for the United States, we found spatial correspondence between richness declines and areas with high concentration of tomato crops. Disparities in the effects of climate change on the potential future distribution of different wild pollinators and geographical variation in richness highlight the importance of crop‐specific studies. Our study also emphasizes the challenges of compiling and modeling crop‐specific pollinator data and the need to improve our understanding of current distribution of pollinators and their community dynamics under climate change.
A virtual issue highlighting eating disorders in people of black/African and Indigenous heritage
Authors: Mikhail Megan E. , Klump Kelly L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhile eating disorders affect people from all racial/ethnic backgrounds, research has traditionally focused on eating disorders in white populations. In this virtual issue, we present a collection of 14 articles previously published in the International Journal of Eating Disorders highlighting eating disorders in people of black/African and Indigenous heritage. Featured articles examine the prevalence and presentation of disordered eating in black and Indigenous populations; access to care and treatment experiences for black and Indigenous people; and environmental stressors, such as acculturative stress and discrimination, that may contribute to disordered eating in these populations. Future directions for inclusive research with people of black/African and Indigenous heritage are discussed, including reporting participant demographics, examining differences in risk factors and treatment outcomes across race/ethnicity, and partnering with black and Indigenous communities to produce culturally sensitive research attuned to the needs and priorities of these populations.
Species interactions across trophic levels mediate rainfall effects on dryland vegetation dynamics
Authors: Farías Ariel A. , Armas Cristina , Gaxiola Aurora , Cea Alex P. , Luis Cortés Jose , López Ramiro P. , Casanoves Fernando , Holmgren Milena , Meserve Peter L. , Gutiérrez Julio R. , Kelt Douglas A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractArid ecosystems are strongly limited by water availability, and precipitation plays a major role in the dynamics of all species in arid regions, as well as the ecosystem processes that occur there. However, understanding how biotic interactions mediate long‐term responses of dryland ecosystems to rainfall remains very fragmented. We report on a unique large‐scale field experiment spanning 25 yr and three trophic levels (plants, small mammal herbivores, predators) in a dryland ecosystem in the northern Chilean Mediterranean Region where we assessed how biotic interactions influence the long‐term plant community responses to precipitation. As the most persistent ecological changes in dryland systems may result from changes in the structure, cover, and composition of the perennial vegetation, we emphasized the interplay between bottom‐up and top‐down controls of perennial plants in our analyses. Rainfall was the primary factor affecting the dynamics of, and interactions among, plants and small mammals. Ephemeral plant cover dynamics closely tracked short‐term annual rainfall, but seemed unaffected by top‐down controls (herbivory). In contrast, the response of the perennial plant cover to precipitation was mediated by (1) a complex interplay between subtle top‐down (herbivory) controls that become more apparent in the long‐term, (2) competition with ephemeral plants during wet years, and (3) an indirect effect of predators on subdominant shrubs and perennial herbs. This long‐term field experiment highlights how climate‐induced responses of arid perennial vegetation are influenced by interactions across trophic levels and temporal scales. In the face of global change, understanding how multi‐trophic controls mediate dryland vegetation responses to climate is essential to properly managing the conservation of biodiversity in arid systems.
Structural and compositional heterogeneity influences the thermal environment across multiple scales
Authors: Londe David W. , Dwayne Elmore R. , Davis Craig A. , Fuhlendorf Samuel D. , Luttbeg Barney , Hovick Torre J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHeterogeneity has a critical influence on biodiversity and ecosystem processes. While the influence of heterogeneity on species diversity and abundance is well documented, how heterogeneity influences the distribution and arrangement of necessary resources across a landscape is still unclear. Heterogeneity in vegetation structure and composition is often cited as an important factor in the near‐ground thermal environment; however, because of a paucity of comparative studies across landscapes that differ in their degree of vegetation heterogeneity, researchers lack knowledge of the underlying mechanisms that influence variation in the thermal environment. Particularly, we do not have a clear understanding of the relative contribution of structural and compositional vegetation heterogeneity to thermal patterns. Therefore, we assessed the thermal environment in nine grassland landscapes that differed in their degree of structural and compositional heterogeneity. At the landscape level, we used a variance partitioning approach with linear mixed models to measure the link between four metrics of vegetation heterogeneity and temperature variability. At the microsite level, we used piecewise structural equation models to assess the fine‐scale drivers of temperature in these landscapes and develop a causal model describing the relationship between vegetation variables and temperature. We found that temperature variance at the landscape scale was strongly related to the diversity of plant functional groups, heterogeneity in plant species composition, and variation in vegetation height. At finer scales, species richness, vegetation height, and overhead obstruction were the best predictors of temperature once weather was accounted for. Vegetation composition variables indirectly influenced fine‐scale temperature variation through their effects on vegetation structure. These results suggest that scale has a strong influence on the observed relationship between temperature variance and different metrics of vegetation heterogeneity. Our results provide support for the role of landscape heterogeneity in shaping the thermal landscape and offer insights into the possible impacts of habitat homogenization on the thermal environment.
4‐1BB costimulation promotes bystander activation of human CD8 T cells
Authors: Reithofer Manuel , Rosskopf Sandra , Leitner Judith , Battin Claire , Bohle Barbara , Steinberger Peter , Jahn‐Schmid Beatrice 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCostimulatory signals potently promote T‐cell proliferation and effector function. Agonistic antibodies targeting costimulatory receptors of the TNFR family, such as 4‐1BB and CD27, have entered clinical trials in cancer patients. Currently there is limited information how costimulatory signals regulate antigen‐specific but also bystander activation of human CD8 T cells.Engineered antigen presenting cells (eAPC) efficiently presenting several common viral epitopes on HLA‐A2 in combination with MHC class I tetramer staining were used to investigate the impact of costimulatory signals on human CD8 T‐cell responses. CD28 costimulation potently augmented the percentage and number of antigen‐reactive CD8 T cells, whereas eAPC expressing 4‐1BB‐ligand induced bystander proliferation of CD8 T cells and massive expansion of NK cells. Moreover, the 4‐1BB agonist urelumab similarly induced bystander proliferation of CD8 T cells and NK cells in a dose‐dependent manner. However, the promotion of bystander CD8 T‐cell responses is not a general attribute of costimulatory TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) members, since CD27 signals enhanced antigen‐specific CD8 T cells responses without promoting significant bystander activation.Thus, the differential effects of costimulatory signals on the activation of human bystander CD8 T cells should be taken into account when costimulatory pathways are harnessed for cancer immunotherapy.
Use of Postregistration Monitoring Data to Evaluate the Ecotoxicological Risks of Pesticides to Surface Waters: A Case Study with Chlorpyrifos in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Rico Andreu , Dafouz Raquel , Vighi Marco , Rodríguez-Gil José Luis , Daam Michiel A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Chemical monitoring data sets such as those provided by the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) offer opportunities to evaluate the ecological risks of pesticides under large spatiotemporal scales and to evaluate the protectiveness of the current prospective risk-assessment framework. As a case study, we used the monitoring data set for the insecticide chlorpyrifos to perform a probabilistic risk assessment for Iberian surface-water ecosystems. The specific objectives of the study were 1) to assess the occurrence of chlorpyrifos in relation to different agricultural production land uses, 2) to assess the spatiotemporal variation in the exceedance of the European WFD short- and long-term environmental quality standards (maximum allowable concentration environmental quality standard [MAC-EQS] and annual average [AA] EQS), and 3) to perform a probabilistic risk assessment for freshwater invertebrates. A database that contains chlorpyrifos concentrations from 14 600 surface water samples taken between 2012 and 2017 in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) was analyzed, and chlorpyrifos was detected in 21% of these samples. The MAC-EQS was exceeded in 2% of the cases, whereas the AA-EQS was exceeded in 18% of the cases. The majority of the exceedances took place in the littoral areas of the eastern and southeastern parts of the Iberian Peninsula, particularly in areas with dominant citrus production during late spring, late summer, and autumn. The present study indicates unacceptable risks posed by chlorpyrifos to Iberian surface waters over the study period, although it was approved for use in Europe. The present study supports the need to perform further postregistration monitoring assessments with other pesticides following similar approaches, which can help to identify possible pesticide-misuse practices and improvements of the prospective risk-assessment framework. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:500–512. © 2020 SETAC
Occurrence and Fate of Bisphenol A and its Congeners in Two Wastewater Treatment Plants and Receiving Surface Waters in Romania
Authors: Chiriac Florentina L. , Paun Iuliana , Pirvu Florinela , Pascu Luoana F. , Galaon Toma 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The present study investigated the distribution and environmental fate of Bisphenol A (BPA), the 4-hydroxyacetophenone (4-HAP) metabolite, and 5 other bisphenol congeners in 2 municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and their receiving rivers in Romania. Accordingly, a new, highly sensitive and accurate solid-phase extraction–liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated. This technique generated low limit of quantitation values: below 2.3 ng/L for surface water and less than 2.4 and 2.7 ng/L for WWTP effluent and influent water. The sum of detected analytes in wastewater was between 1337 and 16 118 ng/L for influent samples and between 15 and 96 ng/L for effluent samples. In surface water, the total of all compounds was somewhere between 34 and 240 ng/L. The highest concentration observed was for BPA in all 3 types of analyzed water (up to 9140 ng/L for influent, as high as 75 ng/L for effluent, and a maximum of 135 ng/L in surface waters). All analyzed samples were free of bisphenols B, C, and F. For all analytes detected in surface water, the concentration values were higher than those determined in the effluent samples, which may be caused by intrinsic contamination of the 2 rivers (Danube and Jiu Rivers). Values of environmental risk coefficients, calculated for both effluents and surface waters, indicated a low ecological risk or no ecological risk for 3 types of organisms (algae, daphnia, and fish). Human risk assessment calculation suggests no risk to human health as a result of the presence of BPA in either of the 2 rivers. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:435–446. © 2020 SETAC
The role of exosomes in liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction
Authors: Li Shiyu , Yi Ming , Dong Bing , Tan Ximin , Luo Suxia , Wu Kongming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLiquid biopsy is a revolutionary strategy in cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction, which is used to analyze cancer cells or cancer‐derived products through biofluids such as blood, urine and so on. Exosomes play a crucial role in mediating cell communication. A growing number of studies have reported that exosomes are involved in tumorigenesis, tumor growth, metastasis and drug resistance by delivering cargos including nucleic acids and protein. Thus, exosomes, as a new type of liquid biopsy, have the potential to be diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Herein, we elaborate on the current methods and introduce novel techniques for exosome isolation and characterization. Moreover, we elucidate the advantages of exosomes compared to other biological components in liquid biopsy and summarize the different exosomal biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction.