bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cumulative Burden of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components on the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Population-based Study
Authors: Ahn Hyo-Jeong , Han Kyung-Do , Choi Eue-Keun , Jung Jin-Hyung , Kwon Soonil , Lee So-Ryoung , Oh Seil , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components are associated with the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the impact of time-burden of MetS on the risk of AF is unknown. We investigated the effect of the cumulative longitudinal burden of MetS on the development of AF. Methods: We included 2 885 189 individuals without AF who underwent four annual health examinations during 2009–2013. Metabolic burdens were evaluated in the following three ways: (1) cumulative number of MetS diagnosed at each health examination (0–4 times); (2) cumulative number of each MetS component diagnosed at each health examination (0–4 times per MetS component); and (3) cumulative number of total MetS components diagnosed at each health examination (0 to a maximum of 20). The risk of AF according to the metabolic burden was estimated using Cox proportional-hazards models.Results: Of all individuals, 62.4%, 14.8%, 8.7%, 6.5%, and 7.6% met the MetS diagnostic criteria 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 times, respectively. During a mean follow-up of 5.3 years, the risk of AF showed a positive association with the cumulative number of MetS diagnosed over four health examinations: adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 1, 2, 3, and 4 times compared to 0 times were 1.18 (1.13–1.24), 1.31 (1.25–1.39), 1.46 (1.38–1.55), and 1.72 (1.63–1.82), respectively; P for trend < 0.001. All five components of MetS, when diagnosed repeatedly, were independently associated with an increased risk of AF: adjusted HR (95% CI) from 1.22 (1.15–1.29) for impaired glucose intolerance to 1.96 (1.87–2.07) for elevated blood pressure. As metabolic components were accumulated from 0 to 20 counts, the risk of AF also gradually increased up to 3.1-fold (adjusted HR 3.11, 95% CI 2.52–3.83 in those with 20 cumulative components of MetS), however, recovery from MetS was linked to a decreased risk of AF. Conclusions: Given the positive correlations between the cumulative metabolic burdens and the risk of incident AF, maximal effort to detect and correct metabolic derangements even before MetS development might be important to prevent AF and related cardiovascular diseases.
Rural-Urban Inequalities in Poor Self-Rated Health, Self-reported Functional Disabilities and Depression Among Chinese Older Adults: Evidence From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011 and 2015
Authors: Jiang Haiting , Burström Bo , Chen Jiaying , Burström Kristina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundRural-urban inequalities in health among older adults in China have not been extensively studied from the national perspective. In particular, studies have not taken into account combinations of Hukou (household registration system in China) and actual residence, which may be important so as not to underestimate rural-urban differences. This study investigates rural-urban inequalities in prevalence of poor self-rated health, self-reported functional disabilities and depression among Chinese older adults in 2011 and 2015, and analyses sociodemographic determinants of rural-urban inequalities in self-reported health outcomes. MethodsData from the nationwide China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), on older adults aged 60 years and above in CHARLS 2011 and CHARLS 2015 were used. Only rural residents with rural Hukou and urban residents with urban Hukou were included. Sociodemographic factors, including age, sex, marital status, living arrangement, living near children, educational level and income were studied. Self-Rated Health (SRH) was assessed with a single question. Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADLs) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) were used to measure self-reported functional abilities. The 10-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to measure self-reported depression. ResultsRural respondents had poorer socioeconomic status and higher prevalence of poor SRH, functional disabilities and depression than urban respondents. The levels of functional disabilities, both BADLs and IADLs, were similar in 2011 and 2015, while the prevalence of poor SRH and self-reported depression was lower in 2015, both among rural and urban respondents. Impairments increased with age and appeared at younger age among rural respondents compared to urban respondents. Being female, unmarried, with low educational level and low income increased the odds ratios of reporting poor SRH, functional disabilities and depression. Sensitivity analyses using only Hukou registration resulted in underestimation of rural-urban differences. ConclusionsThere were large rural-urban inequalities in poor SRH, self-reported functional disabilities and depression that were closely related to rural-urban differences in educational level and income. Key words : China; depression; functional ability; health inequalities; household registration system; older adults; rural-urban; self-rated health; social determinants of health
Effect of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia (CIH) on Neuromuscular Junctions and Mitochondria in Slow- and Fast-Twitch Skeletal Muscle of Mice – Role of iNOS
Authors: Bannow Laura Isabel , Bonaterra Gabriel A. , Bertoune Mirjam , Maus Sabrina , Schulz Richard , Weissmann Norbert , Kraut Simone , Kinscherf Ralf , Hildebrandt Wulf 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) imposes vascular and metabolic risks through chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) and impairs skeletal muscle performance. As studies addressing limb muscles are rare, the reasons for the lower exercise capacity are unknown. We hypothesize that CIH-related morphological alterations in neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) and mitochondrial integrity might be the cause of functional disorders in skeletal muscles.Methods: Mice were kept under 6-weeks-CIH (alternating 7% and 21% O2-fractions every 30s, 8h/d, 5d/w) compared to normoxia (NOX). Analyses included neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) postsynaptic morphology and integrity, fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and composition (ATPase), mitochondrial ultrastructure (transmission-electron-microscopy) and relevant transcripts (qRT-PCR). Beside wildtype (WT) we included inducible-nitric-oxide-synthase knockout mice (iNOS-/-) to evaluate whether iNOS is protective or risk-mediating. Results: In WT soleus muscle, CIH vs. NOX reduced NMJ size (-37.0%, p<0.001) and length (-25.0%, p<0.05) together with fiber CSA of type IIa fibers (-14%, p<0.05) and increased centronucleated fiber fraction (p<0.001). Moreover, CIH vs. NOX increased the fraction of damaged mitochondria (1.8-fold, p<0.001). Compared to WT, iNOS-/- similarly decreased NMJ area and length with NOX (-55%, p<0.001 and -33%, p<0.05, respectively) or with CIH (-37%, p<0.05 and -29%, p<0.05), however, prompted no fiber atrophy. Moreover, increased fractions of damaged (2.1-fold, p<0.001) or swollen (>6-fold, p<0.001) mitochondria were observed with iNOS-/- vs. WT under NOX and similarly under CIH. Both, CIH- and iNOS-/- massively upregulated suppressor-of-cytokine-signaling-3 (SOCS3) >10-fold. None of these morphological alterations with CIH- or iNOS-/- were detected in gastrocnemius muscle. Notably, iNOS expression was undetectable in WT muscle, unlike the liver, where it was massively decreased with CIH. Conclusion: CIH leads to NMJ and mitochondrial damage associated with fiber atrophy/centronucleation selectively in slow-twitch muscle of WT. This effect is largely mimicked by iNOS-/- at NOX (except for atrophy). Both conditions involve massive SOCS3 upregulation likely through denervation. In the absence of muscular iNOS expression in WT, this damage may arise from extramuscular, e.g. motoneuronal iNOS deficiency (through CIH or knockout) awaiting functional evaluation.
Community Engagement in Public Health: A Bibliometric Mapping of Global Research
Authors: Yuan Ming , Lin Han , Wu Hengqin , Yu Mingchuan , Tu Juan , Lü Yong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCommunity engagement (CE) has been regarded as a critical element of successful health programs to achieve “the health for all” goals. Numerous studies have shown that it plays a significant role in reducing inequalities, improving social justice, enhancing benefits, and sharing responsibility towards public health. Despite this, the extant literature of community engagement in public health (CEPH) has topic-focused boundaries and is scattered across disciplinary. Large-scale studies are needed to systematically identify current status, hotspots, knowledge structure, dynamic trends, and future developments in this field. Aiming to fulfill this gap, we adopted a longitudinal bibliometric analysis to draw an outline of the global review on the contemporary and cross-disciplinary research of CEPH which might present an opportunity to take stock and understand the march of knowledge as well as the logical venation underlying research activities which are fundamental to inform policy making.MethodsThe bibliometric techniques were applied in the analysis of publications on CEPH in Web of Science Core Collection from Thomson Reuters. 1102 papers out of 70.8 million publications over the period of 1980 to 2020 and their 15116 references were retrieved as the sample set. First, basic characteristics of publications, including distributions of geography, journals and categories, productive authors and frequently cited articles, etc. were obtained. Then, four bibliometric methods, i.e. social network analysis, co-citation analysis, co-occurrence clustering, and burst detection, were further conducted to sketch the contours of the structure and evolution of CEPH. ResultsBetween Jan 1, 1980, and Apr 25, 2020, CEPH has attracted a sharp increase in interest all over the world. Total 117 countries or regions have participated in the field of CEPH and the contributions are geographically and institutionally distinct. The United States is the key region performing such research, which accounts for more than half of the total number of publications. Developing countries, such as South Africa, India, Brazil and China also contributed a lot. ConclusionThe advancements of CEPH are marked by historically momentous public health events and evolved from macroscopic strategies to mesoscopic and microscopic actions. Based on keyword clustering and co-citation clustering, we propose a 4O (i.e. orientation, object, operation, and outcome) framework of CEPH to facilitate a better understanding of the current global achievements and an elaborate structuring of developments in the future.
The variability of MR axon radii estimates in the human brain
Authors: Veraart Jelle , Raven Erika P. , Edwards Luke J. , Weiskopf Nikolaus , Jones Derek K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The noninvasive quantification of axonal morphology provides an exciting avenue to gain understanding of the function and structure of the central nervous system. Accurate non-invasive mapping of micron-sized axon radii using commonly applied neuroimaging techniques, i.e., diffusion-weighted MRI, has been bolstered by recent hardware developments. In this work, we present the whole brain characterization of the effective MR axon radius and evaluate the inter- and intra-scanner test-retest repeatability and reproducibility to promote the further development of the effective MR axon radius as a neuroimaging biomarker. We observe a coefficient-of-variability of approximately 10% in the voxelwise estimation of the effective MR radius in the test-retest analysis, but demonstrate that the performance can be improved fourfold using a customized along-tract analyses.
Luteolin Inhibits Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication by Regulating the MiR-155/SOCS1/STAT1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Saisai , Ling Yiting , Yao Yuanyuan , Zheng Gang , Chen Wenbin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants, children, immunocompromised adults, and elderly individuals. Currently, there are few therapeutic options available to prevent RSV infection. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of luteolin on RSV replication and the related mechanisms.Material and methods: We pretreated cells and mice with luteolin before infection with RSV, the virus titer, expressions of RSV-F, interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs), and production of IFN-α and IFN-β were determined by plaque assay, RT-qPCR, and ELISA, respectively. The activation of Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) signaling pathway was detected by Western blotting and luciferase assay. Proteins which negatively regulates STAT1 was determined by Western blotting. Then cells were transfected with suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) plasmid and virus replication and ISGs expression was determined. Luciferase reporter assay and Western blotting was performed to detect the relationship between SOCS1 and miR-155.Results: Luteolin inhibited RSV replication, as shown by the decreased viral titer and RSV-F mRNA expression both in vitro and in vivo. The antiviral activity of luteolin was attributed to the enhanced phosphorylation of STAT1, resulting in the increased production of ISGs. Further study showed that SOCS1 was downregulated by luteolin and SOCS1 is a direct target of microRNA-155 (miR-155). Inhibition of miR-155 rescued luteolin-mediated SOCS1 downregulation, whereas upregulation of miR-155 enhanced the inhibitory effect of luteolin.Conclusion: Luteolin inhibits RSV replication by regulating the miR-155/SOCS1/STAT1 signaling pathway.
Distinct microbial assemblages associated with genetic selection for high- and low- muscle yield in rainbow trout
Authors: Chapagain Pratima , Walker Donald , Leeds Tim , Cleveland Beth M , Salem Mohamed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Fish gut microbial assemblages play a crucial role in the growth rate, metabolism, and immunity of the host. We hypothesized that the gut microbiota of rainbow trout was correlated with breeding program based genetic selection for muscle yield. To test this hypothesis, fecal samples from 19 fish representing an F2 high-muscle genetic line (ARS-FY-H) and 20 fish representing an F1 low-muscle yield genetic line (ARS-FY-L) were chosen for microbiota profiling using the 16S rRNA gene. Significant differences in microbial population between these two genetic lines might represent the effect of host genetic selection in structuring the gut microbiota of the host. Results Tukey’s transformed inverse Simpson indices indicated that high muscle yield genetic line (ARS-FY-H) samples have higher microbial diversity compared to those of the low muscle yield genetic line (ARS-FY-L) (LMM, c2(1) =14.11, p<0.05). The fecal samples showed statistically distinct structure in microbial assemblages between the genetic lines (F1,36= 4.7, p<0.05, R2=11.9%). Functional profiling of bacterial operational taxonomic units predicted characteristic functional capabilities of the microbial communities in the high (ARS-FY-H) and low (ARS-FY-L) muscle yield genetic line samples. Conclusion The significant differences of the microbial assemblages between high (ARS-FY-H) and low (ARS-FY-L) muscle yield genetic lines indicate an effect of genetic selection on the microbial diversity of the host. The functional composition of taxa demonstrates a correlation between bacteria and improving the muscle accretion in the host, probably, by producing various metabolites and enzymes that might aid in digestion. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms involved in shaping the microbial community through host genetic selection.
The impact of disease-related immobilization on thigh muscle mass and strength in older hospitalized patients
Authors: Rommersbach Nikola , Wirth Rainer , Lueg Gero , Klimek Christiane , Schnatmann Mirja , Liermann Dieter , Janssen Gregor , Müller Manfred James , Pourhassan Maryam 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: We assessed the quantitative changes in muscle mass and strength during two weeks of hospitalization in immobile and mobile acutely ill hospitalized older adults.Methods: 41 patients (82.4±6.6 years, 73.0% females) participated in this prospective longitudinal observational study. Mobility status was defined according to walking ability as described in the Barthel-Index. Functional status, including handgrip strength and isometric knee-extension strength, and mid-thigh magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of cross-sectional area (CSA) were conducted on admission and at discharge. Results: Twenty-two participants (54%) were immobile and 19 (46%) mobile. In all, 54.0% and 12.0% were at risk of malnutrition and malnourished, respectively. The median time between baseline and follow-up for MRI scans were 13 days in mobile and immobile participants (P=0.072). Mid-thigh muscle and subcutaneous fat CSA significantly decreased by 3.9cm2 (5.0%, P=0.002) and 5.3cm2 (5.7%, P=0.036) during hospitalization whereas intermuscular fat remained unchanged in immobile subjects. No significant changes were observed in mobile patients. In a regression analysis, mobility was the major independent risk factor for changes in mid-thigh muscle CSA as a percentage of initial muscle area (P=0.022) whereas other variables such as age (P=0.584), BMI (P= 0.879), nutritional status (P=0.835) and inflammation (P=0.291) were not associated with muscle mass changes. There was a significant decrease in isometric knee extension strength (P=0.002) and no change in handgrip strength (P=0.167) in immobile patients whereas both parameters increased significantly over time in mobile patients (P=0.048 and P=0.012, respectively).Conclusions: Two weeks of disease-related immobilization result in a significant loss of thigh muscle mass and muscle strength in older patients with impaired mobility. Concomitantly, there was a significant reduction of subcutaneous adipose tissue in immobile older hospitalized patients whereas no changes were observed in intermuscular fat among these patients. These data highlight the importance of mobility support in maintaining muscle mass and function in older hospitalized patients.
Transcriptome Analysis of the Transdifferentiation of canine BMSCs into Insulin Producing Cells
Authors: WANG JINGLU , Dai Pengxiu , Zou Tong , Lv Yangou , Zhao Wen , Zhang Xinke , Zhang Yihua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are a potential resource for the clinical therapy of certain diseases. Canine, as a companion animal, living in the same space with human, is an ideal new model for human diseases research. Because of the high prevalence of diabetes, alternative transplantation islets resource (i.e. insulin producing cells) for diabetes treatment will be in urgent need, which makes our research on the transdifferentiation of Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into insulin producing cells become more important.Result In this study, we completed the transdifferentiation process and achieved the transcriptome profiling of five samples with two biological duplicates, namely, “BMSCs”, “islets”, “stage1”, “stage2” and “stage3”, and the latter three samples were achieved on the second, fifth and eighth day of induction. A total of 11,530 differentially expressed transcripts were revealed in the profiling data. The enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed several signaling pathways that are essential for regulating proliferation and transdifferentiation, including focal adhesion, ECM–receptor interaction, tight junction, protein digestion and absorption, and the Rap1 signaling pathway. Meanwhile, the obtained protein–protein interaction network and functional identification indicating involvement of three genes, SSTR2, RPS6KA6, and VIP could act as a foundation for further research.Conclusion In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey of the transdifferentiation of canine BMSCs into insulin-producing cells according with the timeline using next-generation sequencing technology. The three key genes we pick out may regulate decisive genes during the development of transdifferentiation.
Sedentary Behaviour Among General Practitioners: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mayne Richard S. , Hart Nigel D. , Heron Neil 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSedentary behaviour is when someone is awake, in a sitting, lying or reclining posture and is an independent risk factor for multiple causes of morbidity and mortality. A dose-response relationship has been demonstrated, whereby increasing sedentary time corresponds with increasing mortality rate. This study aimed to identify current levels of sedentary behaviour among General Practitioners (GPs), by examining and synthesising how sedentary behaviour has been measured in the primary care literature.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to identify studies relating to levels of sedentary behaviour among GPs. Searches were performed using Medline®, Embase®, PscycINFO, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library, from inception of databases until January 2020. Articles were assessed for quality and bias, with extraction of relevant data.ResultsThe search criteria returned 1707 studies. 34 full texts were reviewed and 2 studies included in the final review. Both were cross-sectional surveys using self-reported estimation of sedentary time within the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Keohane et al. examined GP trainees and GP trainers in Ireland. 60% reported spending in excess of 7 hours sitting each day, 24% between 4 and 7 hours, and 16% less than or equal to 4 hours. Suija et al. examined female GPs in Estonia. The mean reported daily sitting time was 6 hours and 36 minutes, with 56% sitting for over 6 hours per day. Both studies were of satisfactory methodological quality but had a high risk of bias.ConclusionThere is a paucity of research examining current levels of sedentary behaviour among GPs. Objective data is needed to determine GPs’ current levels of sedentary behaviour, particularly in light of the increase in remote consulting as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.