bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shifts in elementary teachers' pedagogical reasoning: Studying teacher learning in an online graduate program in engineering education
Authors: Watkins Jessica , Portsmore Merredith , Swanson Rebecca D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundElementary educators are increasingly asked to teach engineering design, motivating study of how they learn to teach this discipline. In particular, there is a need to examine how teachers reason about pedagogical situations and dilemmas in engineering—how they draw on their disciplinary understandings, attention to students' thinking, and pedagogical practices to support students' learning.Purpose/HypothesisThe purpose of our qualitative study was to examine elementary teachers' pedagogical reasoning in an online graduate program. We asked: What stances do teachers take toward learning and teaching engineering design? How do these stances shift over the course of the program?Design/MethodWe identified two teachers, Alma and Margaret, who exhibited productive shifts in their pedagogical reasoning during the program. Drawing on interviews and videos of their teaching, we developed case studies characterizing their stances toward teaching and learning engineering.ResultsAlma shifted in her reasoning about teaching the design process, from treating it as linear, discrete steps to recognizing the dynamic, overlapping nature of design practices. Similarly, Margaret shifted in how she reasoned about failure and iteration, recognizing the need to help students analyze unexpected design performances to learn from and iterate on their designs. For both teachers, these shifts were dynamic and nonlinear, reflecting both context‐sensitivity and growing stability in their reasoning.ConclusionsEngineering teacher educators should provide opportunities for teachers to reason about the specific pedagogical dilemmas in engineering and consider how teachers integrate disciplinary understandings with attention to students' reasoning and actions and pedagogical practices.
Chitosan stimulates secondary metabolite production and nutrient uptake in medicinal plant Dracocephalum kotschyi
Authors: Kahromi Samaneh , Khara Jalil 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDA wide variety of secondary metabolites are synthesized from primary metabolites by plants which have a vast range in pharmaceutical, food additive and industrial applications. In recent years, the use of elicitors has opened a novel approach for the production of secondary metabolite compounds. Dracocephalum kotschyi is a valuable herb due to pharmaceutical compounds like rosmarinic acid, quercetin and apigenin. In the current study, foliar application of chitosan (0, 100, 400 mg L−1) as an elicitor was used.RESULTSAfter chitosan treatment, the amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increased and the plant was able to increase the activities of enzymatic (guaiacol peroxidase, catalase and phenylalanine ammonium lyase) and non‐enzymatic (total phenols and flavonoids) defensive metabolites. Also, foliar spray of chitosan promoted nutrient absorption which led to the accumulation of macroelements in the plant.CONCLUSIONSChitosan was found to be a very effective elicitor for improving rosmarinic acid and quercetin content (up to 13‐fold). Also, the content of apigenin (anticancer flavonoid) showed 16‐fold enhancement compared to the control. Therefore, the treatment of D. kotschyi leaves with chitosan caused a very large increase in the induction and production of important pharmaceutical compounds such as rosmarinic acid and quercetin. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Modifiable Comorbidities Associated with Cognitive Decline in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Forbes Emily , Tropea Thomas F. , Mantri Sneha , Xie Sharon X. , Morley James F. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundCognitive impairment (CI) is one of the most feared and debilitating complications of PD. No therapy has been shown to slow or prevent CI in PD.ObjectiveTo determine associations between modifiable comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease risk factors, mood disorders, and sleep characteristics, and rate of cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsData from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort was queried for baseline cardiovascular disease risk factors, mood disorders, and sleep characteristics. Linear mixed‐ effects models (LME) were used to examine the association between baseline factors and change in cognition, evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) over time. Baseline comorbidities found to affect MoCA decline were assessed for an association with focal cognitive domains using LME.ResultsHigher Body Mass Index (BMI) (β = −0.009, P = 0.039), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (β = −0.005, P < 0.001), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) (β = −0.034, P < 0.001), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) (β = −0.017, P = 0.003), and REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ) (β = −0.037, P < 0.001) were associated with faster rates of MoCA decline. Using established cut‐offs for clinically significant symptoms, being overweight, or the presence of depression, excessive day time sleepiness (EDS), and possible REM sleep behavior disorder (pRBD), were all associated with faster rate of cognitive decline.ConclusionSeveral modifiable baseline comorbidities are associated with faster rate of CI over time in patients with PD. These associations identify potential opportunities for early intervention that could influence CI in PD.
Single‐sided NMR to estimate morphological parameters of the trabecular bone structure
Authors: Barbieri Marco , Fantazzini Paola , Bortolotti Villiam , Baruffaldi Fabio , Festa Anna , Manners David N. , Testa Claudia , Brizi Leonardo 
Published: December 2020

PurposeSingle‐sided 1H‐NMR is proposed for the estimation of morphological parameters of trabecular bone, and potentially the detection of pathophysiological alterations of bone structure. In this study, a new methodology was used to estimate such parameters without using an external reference signal, and to study intratrabecular and intertrabecular porosities, with a view to eventually scanning patients.MethodsAnimal trabecular bone samples were analyzed by a single‐sided device. The Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill sequence of 1H nuclei of fluids, including marrow, confined inside the bone, was analyzed by quasi‐continuous T2 distributions and separated into two 1H pools: short and long T2 components. The NMR parameters were estimated using models of trabecular bone structure, and compared with the corresponding micro‐CT.ResultsWithout any further assumptions, the internal reference parameter (short T2 signal intensity fraction) enabled prediction of the micro‐CT parameters BV/TV (volume of the trabeculae/total sample volume) and BS/TV (external surface of the trabeculae/total sample volume) with linear correlation coefficient >0.80. The assignment of the two pools to intratrabecular and intertrabecular components yielded an estimate of average intratrabecular porosity (33 ± 5)%. Using the proposed models, the NMR‐estimated BV/TV and BS/TV were found to be linearly related to the corresponding micro‐CT values with high correlation (>0.90 for BV/TV; >0.80 for BS/TV) and agreement coefficients.ConclusionLow‐field, low‐cost portable devices that rely on intrinsic magnetic field gradients and do not use ionizing radiation are viable tools for in vitro preclinical studies of pathophysiological structural alterations of trabecular bone.
A comprehensive investigation into style momentum strategies in China
Authors: Su Chen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study conducts a comprehensive investigation into style momentum strategies—the combination of price momentum strategies based on previous medium-term returns and style investing in terms of firm characteristics—in the China stock market over the period 1994 to 2017. Although we do not find style momentum profits over the first sub-period 1994 to 2006, strong evidence shows that style momentum strategies are profitable over the second sub-period 2007 to 2017, even after controlling for trading costs and various market and firm-specific risks. Importantly, the observed style momentum in the second sub-period is distinguished from price momentum and industry momentum but could be attributed to the improved institutional settings in recent years. Specifically, the fast growth of institutional investors since 2006, along with the introduction of margin trading and short sales in 2010, provides style switchers with more efficient investment vehicles to trade an entire style in the China stock market. Finally, we find that style profits exhibit momentum in a cyclical nature; in particular, style momentum profits are negatively related to market states, implying that it is likely for institutional investors to make profits by constructing style momentum strategies when stock market experiences a major decline.
Employing entropy measures to identify visitors in multi-occupancy environments
Authors: Howedi Aadel , Lotfi Ahmad , Pourabdollah Amir 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHuman activity recognition (HAR) is used to support older adults to live independently in their own homes. Once activities of daily living (ADL) are recognised, gathered information will be used to identify abnormalities in comparison with the routine activities. Ambient sensors, including occupancy sensors and door entry sensors, are often used to monitor and identify different activities. Most of the current research in HAR focuses on a single-occupant environment when only one person is monitored, and their activities are categorised. The assumption that home environments are occupied by one person all the time is often not true. It is common for a resident to receive visits from family members or health care workers, representing a multi-occupancy environment. Entropy analysis is an established method for irregularity detection in many applications; however, it has been rarely applied in the context of ADL and HAR. In this paper, a novel method based on different entropy measures, including Shannon Entropy, Permutation Entropy, and Multiscale-Permutation Entropy, is employed to investigate the effectiveness of these entropy measures in identifying visitors in a home environment. This research aims to investigate whether entropy measures can be utilised to identify a visitor in a home environment, solely based on the information collected from motion detectors [e.g., passive infra-red] and door entry sensors. The entropy measures are tested and evaluated based on a dataset gathered from a real home environment. Experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of entropy measures to identify visitors and the time of their visits without the need for employing extra wearable sensors to tag the visitors. The results obtained from the experiments show that the proposed entropy measures could be used to detect and identify a visitor in a home environment with a high degree of accuracy.
Every Single Word: A New Data Set Including All Parliamentary Materials Published in Germany
Authors: Remschel Tobias , Kroeber Corinna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article, we introduce a unique data set containing all written communication published by the German Bundestag between 1949 and 2017. Increasing numbers of scholars make use of protocols of parliamentary speeches, parliamentary questions or the texts of legislative drafts in various fields of comparative politics including representation, responsiveness, professionalization and political careers or parliamentary agenda studies. Since preparing parliamentary documents is rather resource intensive, these studies remain limited to single points in time, types of documents and/or policy areas. The long time horizon and various types of documents covered by our new comprehensive data set will enable scholars interested in parliaments, parties and representatives to answer various innovative research questions related to legislative studies.
Anti-selective [3+2] (Hetero)annulation of non-conjugated alkenes via directed nucleopalladation
Authors: Ni Hui-Qi , Kevlishvili Ilia , Bedekar Pranali G. , Barber Joyann S. , Yang Shouliang , Tran-Dubé Michelle , Romine Andrew M. , Lu Hou-Xiang , McAlpine Indrawan J. , Liu Peng , Engle Keary M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract2,3-Dihydrobenzofurans and indolines are common substructures in medicines and natural products. Herein, we describe a method that enables direct access to these core structures from non-conjugated alkenyl amides and ortho-iodoanilines/phenols. Under palladium(II) catalysis this [3 + 2] heteroannulation proceeds in an anti-selective fashion and tolerates a wide variety of functional groups. N-Acetyl, -tosyl, and -alkyl substituted ortho-iodoanilines, as well as free –NH2 variants, are all effective. Preliminary results with carbon-based coupling partners also demonstrate the viability of forming indane core structures using this approach. Experimental and computational studies on reactions with phenols support a mechanism involving turnover-limiting, endergonic directed oxypalladation, followed by intramolecular oxidative addition and reductive elimination.
An oxindole efflux inhibitor potentiates azoles and impairs virulence in the fungal pathogen Candida auris
Authors: Iyer Kali R. , Camara Kaddy , Daniel-Ivad Martin , Trilles Richard , Pimentel-Elardo Sheila M. , Fossen Jen L. , Marchillo Karen , Liu Zhongle , Singh Shakti , Muñoz José F. , Kim Sang Hu , Porco John A. , Cuomo Christina A. , Williams Noelle S. , Ibrahim Ashraf S. , Edwards John E. , Andes David R. , Nodwell Justin R. , Brown Lauren E. , Whitesell Luke , Robbins Nicole , Cowen Leah E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCandida auris is an emerging fungal pathogen that exhibits resistance to multiple drugs, including the most commonly prescribed antifungal, fluconazole. Here, we use a combinatorial screening approach to identify a bis-benzodioxolylindolinone (azoffluxin) that synergizes with fluconazole against C. auris. Azoffluxin enhances fluconazole activity through the inhibition of efflux pump Cdr1, thus increasing intracellular fluconazole levels. This activity is conserved across most C. auris clades, with the exception of clade III. Azoffluxin also inhibits efflux in highly azole-resistant strains of Candida albicans, another human fungal pathogen, increasing their susceptibility to fluconazole. Furthermore, azoffluxin enhances fluconazole activity in mice infected with C. auris, reducing fungal burden. Our findings suggest that pharmacologically targeting Cdr1 in combination with azoles may be an effective strategy to control infection caused by azole-resistant isolates of C. auris.
MaTAR25 lncRNA regulates the Tensin1 gene to impact breast cancer progression
Authors: Chang Kung-Chi , Diermeier Sarah D. , Yu Allen T. , Brine Lily D. , Russo Suzanne , Bhatia Sonam , Alsudani Habeeb , Kostroff Karen , Bhuiya Tawfiqul , Brogi Edi , Pappin Darryl J. , Bennett C. Frank , Rigo Frank , Spector David L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMisregulation of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes has been linked to a wide variety of cancer types. Here we report on Mammary Tumor Associated RNA 25 (MaTAR25), a nuclear enriched and chromatin associated lncRNA that plays a role in mammary tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, both in vitro and in vivo. MaTAR25 functions by interacting with purine rich element binding protein B (PURB), and associating with a major downstream target gene Tensin1 (Tns1) to regulate its expression in trans. The Tns1 protein product is a critical component of focal adhesions linking signaling between the extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton. Knockout of MaTAR25 results in down-regulation of Tns1 leading to a reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, and a reduction of focal adhesions and microvilli. We identify LINC01271 as the human ortholog of MaTAR25, and importantly, increased expression of LINC01271 is associated with poor patient prognosis and metastasis. Our findings demonstrate that LINC01271 represents a potential therapeutic target to alter breast cancer progression.
Transforming carbon dioxide into jet fuel using an organic combustion-synthesized Fe-Mn-K catalyst
Authors: Yao Benzhen , Xiao Tiancun , Makgae Ofentse A. , Jie Xiangyu , Gonzalez-Cortes Sergio , Guan Shaoliang , Kirkland Angus I. , Dilworth Jonathan R. , Al-Megren Hamid A. , Alshihri Saeed M. , Dobson Peter J. , Owen Gari P. , Thomas John M. , Edwards Peter P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith mounting concerns over climate change, the utilisation or conversion of carbon dioxide into sustainable, synthetic hydrocarbons fuels, most notably for transportation purposes, continues to attract worldwide interest. This is particularly true in the search for sustainable or renewable aviation fuels. These offer considerable potential since, instead of consuming fossil crude oil, the fuels are produced from carbon dioxide using sustainable renewable hydrogen and energy. We report here a synthetic protocol to the fixation of carbon dioxide by converting it directly into aviation jet fuel using novel, inexpensive iron-based catalysts. We prepare the Fe-Mn-K catalyst by the so-called Organic Combustion Method, and the catalyst shows a carbon dioxide conversion through hydrogenation to hydrocarbons in the aviation jet fuel range of 38.2%, with a yield of 17.2%, and a selectivity of 47.8%, and with an attendant low carbon monoxide (5.6%) and methane selectivity (10.4%). The conversion reaction also produces light olefins ethylene, propylene, and butenes, totalling a yield of 8.7%, which are important raw materials for the petrochemical industry and are presently also only obtained from fossil crude oil. As this carbon dioxide is extracted from air, and re-emitted from jet fuels when combusted in flight, the overall effect is a carbon-neutral fuel. This contrasts with jet fuels produced from hydrocarbon fossil sources where the combustion process unlocks the fossil carbon and places it into the atmosphere, in longevity, as aerial carbon - carbon dioxide.
Structure of the dopamine D2 receptor in complex with the antipsychotic drug spiperone
Authors: Im Dohyun , Inoue Asuka , Fujiwara Takaaki , Nakane Takanori , Yamanaka Yasuaki , Uemura Tomoko , Mori Chihiro , Shiimura Yuki , Kimura Kanako Terakado , Asada Hidetsugu , Nomura Norimichi , Tanaka Tomoyuki , Yamashita Ayumi , Nango Eriko , Tono Kensuke , Kadji Francois Marie Ngako , Aoki Junken , Iwata So , Shimamura Tatsuro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn addition to the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR), the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) is a key therapeutic target of antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia. The inactive state structures of D2R have been described in complex with the inverse agonists risperidone (D2Rris) and haloperidol (D2Rhal). Here we describe the structure of human D2R in complex with spiperone (D2Rspi). In D2Rspi, the conformation of the extracellular loop (ECL) 2, which composes the ligand-binding pocket, was substantially different from those in D2Rris and D2Rhal, demonstrating that ECL2 in D2R is highly dynamic. Moreover, D2Rspi exhibited an extended binding pocket to accommodate spiperone’s phenyl ring, which probably contributes to the selectivity of spiperone to D2R and 5-HT2AR. Together with D2Rris and D2Rhal, the structural information of D2Rspi should be of value for designing novel antipsychotics with improved safety and efficacy.
Phylogenetic supertree reveals detailed evolution of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Li Tingting , Liu Dongxia , Yang Yadi , Guo Jiali , Feng Yujie , Zhang Xinmo , Cheng Shilong , Feng Jie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCorona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the emerged coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is spreading globally. The origin of SARS-Cov-2 and its evolutionary relationship is still ambiguous. Several reports attempted to figure out this critical issue by genome-based phylogenetic analysis, yet limited progress was obtained, principally owing to the disability of these methods to reasonably integrate phylogenetic information from all genes of SARS-CoV-2. Supertree method based on multiple trees can produce the overall reasonable phylogenetic tree. However, the supertree method has been barely used for phylogenetic analysis of viruses. Here we applied the matrix representation with parsimony (MRP) pseudo-sequence supertree analysis to study the origin and evolution of SARS-CoV-2. Compared with other phylogenetic analysis methods, the supertree method showed more resolution power for phylogenetic analysis of coronaviruses. In particular, the MRP pseudo-sequence supertree analysis firmly disputes bat coronavirus RaTG13 be the last common ancestor of SARS-CoV-2, which was implied by other phylogenetic tree analysis based on viral genome sequences. Furthermore, the discovery of evolution and mutation in SARS-CoV-2 was achieved by MRP pseudo-sequence supertree analysis. Taken together, the MRP pseudo-sequence supertree provided more information on the SARS-CoV-2 evolution inference relative to the normal phylogenetic tree based on full-length genomic sequences.
Risk factors associated with 28-day all-cause mortality in older severe COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Jiang Yi , Abudurexiti Subi , An Meng-Meng , Cao Da , Wei Jie , Gong Ping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe aimed to analyse clinical characteristics and identify risk factors predicting all-cause mortality in older patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A total of 281 older patients with severe COVID-19 were categorized into two age groups (60–79 years and ≥ 80 years). Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data, and outcome were obtained. Patients aged ≥ 80 years had higher mortality (63.6%) than those aged 60–79 years (33.5%). Anorexia and comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes and COPD, higher levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), osmotic pressure, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, high-sensitivity troponin I and procalcitonin, and higher SOFA scores were more common in patients aged > 80 years than those aged 60–79 years and also more common and higher in non-survivors than survivors. LDH, osmotic pressure, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, high-sensitivity troponin I, and procalcitonin were positively correlated with age and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), whereas CD8+ and lymphocyte counts were negatively correlated with age and SOFA. Anorexia, comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), LDH, osmotic pressure, and SOFA were significantly associated with 28-day all-cause mortality. LDH, osmotic pressure and SOFA were valuable for predicting 28-day all-cause mortality, whereas the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of LDH was the largest, with sensitivity of 86.0% and specificity of 80.8%. Therefore, patients with severe COVID-19 aged ≥ 80 years had worse condition and higher mortality than did those aged 60–79 years, and anorexia and comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, COPD, elevated plasma osmotic pressure, LDH, and high SOFA were independent risk factors associated with 28-day all-cause mortality in older patients with severe COVID-19. LDH may have the highest predictive value for 28-day all-cause mortality in all examined factors.