bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting the Opening of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pores Potentiates Nanoparticle Drug Delivery and Mitigates Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Lin Xi , Li Lian , Li Shujie , Li Qiuyi , Xie Dandan , Zhou Minglu , Huang Yuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMitochondria are highly involved in the metastasis of cancer cells. However, low permeability of mitochondria impedes the entry of anti‐cancer drugs. Here, a self‐assembled nanoparticle platform is designed that not only targets the DNA‐intercalating agent doxorubicin to mitochondria but also enhances the specific penetration by opening the mitochondrial permeability transition pores (MPTPs). With drastic improvement in mitochondrial uptake, the drug delivery system results in substantial mitochondrial impairment leading to amplified induction of apoptosis, depletion of energy supply, and inhibition of numerous metastasis‐associated proteins. As a consequence, the drug delivery system significantly inhibits the orthotopic tumor growth, and suppressed the metastasis of cancer cells detached from primary tumors. Additionally, the nanoparticle exhibits a potent effect on eradicating the metastasis of disseminated tumor cell from blood to lung. The results show that strategies of targeting mitochondria and unlocking MPTP are feasible and beneficial to mitigate both tumorigenesis and metastasis.
Flexible Free‐Standing MoO3/Ti3C2Tz MXene Composite Films with High Gravimetric and Volumetric Capacities
Authors: Zheng Wei , Halim Joseph , El Ghazaly Ahmed , Etman Ahmed S. , Tseng Eric Nestor , Persson Per O. Å. , Rosen Johanna , Barsoum Michel W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEnhancing both the energy storage and power capabilities of electrochemical capacitors remains a challenge. Herein, Ti3C2Tz MXene is mixed with MoO3 nanobelts in various mass ratios and the mixture is used to vacuum filter binder free, open, flexible, and free‐standing films. The conductive Ti3C2Tz flakes bridge the nanobelts, facilitating electron transfer; the randomly oriented, and interconnected, MoO3 nanobelts, in turn, prevent the restacking of the Ti3C2Tz nanosheets. Benefitting from these advantages, a MoO3/Ti3C2Tz film with a 8:2 mass ratio exhibits high gravimetric/volumetric capacities with good cyclability, namely, 837 C g−1 and 1836 C cm−3 at 1 A g−1 for an ≈ 10 µm thick film; and 767 C g−1 and 1664 C cm−3 at 1 A g−1 for ≈ 50 µm thick film. To further increase the energy density, hybrid capacitors are fabricated with MoO3/Ti3C2Tz films as the negative electrodes and nitrogen‐doped activated carbon as the positive electrodes. This device delivers maximum gravimetric/volumetric energy densities of 31.2 Wh kg−1 and 39.2 Wh L−1, respectively. The cycling stability of 94.2% retention ratio after 10 000 continuous charge/discharge cycles is also noteworthy. The high energy density achieved in this work can pave the way for practical applications of MXene‐containing materials in energy storage devices.
MnN4 Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst: Operando Investigation of Active Sites and High Performance in Zinc–Air Battery
Authors: Han Xu , Zhang Tianyu , Chen Wenxing , Dong Bo , Meng Ge , Zheng Lirong , Yang Can , Sun Xiaoming , Zhuang Zhongbin , Wang Dingsheng , Han Aijuan , Liu Junfeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe development of inexpensive and highly efficient nonprecious metal catalysts to substitute Pt in the alkaline oxygen reduction reaction is an appealing idea in the energy field. Herein, a Mn oxygen reduction electrocatalyst with a half‐wave potential (E1/2) as high as 0.910 V under an alkaline oxygen reduction reaction process is developed, and the dynamic atomic structure change of the highly efficient Mn single‐atomic site is investigated using operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. These results demonstrate that the low‐valence MnL+N4 is the active site during the oxygen reduction process. Density functional theory reveals that facile electron transfer from MnL+N4 to adsorbed *OH species plays a key role in the excellent electrocatalytic performance. Moreover, when assembled as the cathode in a zinc–air battery, this MnN4 material shows high power density and excellent durability, demonstrating its promising potential to substitute the Pt catalyst in practical devices.
A highly sensitive multiplex immunoassay for inflammatory cytokines in dried blood spots
Authors: McDade Thomas W. , Miller Aaron , Tran Tina T. , Borders Ann E. B. , Miller Greg 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesInflammatory cytokines are key regulators of inflammation, but current measurement approaches require venous blood to quantify low circulating concentrations associated with chronic, low‐grade inflammation. This article describes a highly sensitive multiplex immunoassay protocol for the measurement of IL6, IL8, IL10, and TNFα in finger stick dried blood spot (DBS) samples.MethodsThe protocol uses a multiplex electrochemiluminescent immunoassay platform. The following measures of assay performance were evaluated: reliability (inter‐assay percent coefficient of variation; %CV), precision (intra‐assay %CV), lower limit of detection (LLD), linearity of dilution, and agreement with results from matched plasma samples.ResultsAnalysis of three control samples across the assay range indicated an acceptable level of precision and reliability for each cytokine. Linearity of dilution returned average values that ranged from 104.1 to 127.6% of expected. Lower limits of detection for IL6, IL8, and IL10 were <0.5, and <1.0 pg/ml for TNFα. Level of agreement in results between matched DBS and plasma samples was high for all cytokines except for IL8.ConclusionsFinger stick DBS sampling provides a viable alternative to venipuncture for the quantification of IL6, IL10, and TNFα at low concentrations associated with chronic inflammation. The presence of red blood cells may interfere with the quantification of IL8 in DBS. In facilitating blood collection in nonclinical settings this method can advance scientific understandings of how social and ecological contexts shape immune function and health over the life course.
Noonan syndrome patients beyond the obvious phenotype: A potential unfavorable metabolic profile
Authors: Noronha Renata M. , Villares Sandra M F , Torres Natalia , Quedas Elisangela P S , Homma Thais Kataoka , Albuquerque Edoarda V A , Moraes Michelle B , Funari Mariana F A , Bertola Debora R , Jorge Alexander A L , Malaquias Alexsandra C 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNoonan syndrome (NS) and NS related disorders (NRD) are frequent monogenic diseases. Pathogenic variants in PTPN11 are observed in approximately 50% of these NS patients. Several pleiotropic phenotypes have previously been described in this condition. This study aimed at characterizing glucose and lipid profiles in patients with NS/NRD. We assessed fasting blood glucose, insulin, cholesterol (total and fractions), and triglyceride (TG) levels in 112 prepubertal children and 73 adults. Additionally, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in 40 children and 54 adults. Data were analyzed between age groups according to the presence (+) or absence (−) of PTPN11 mutation. Prepubertal patients with NS/NRD were also compared with a control group. Despite the lean phenotype of children with NS/NRD, they presented an increased frequency of low HDL‐cholesterol (63% in PTPN11+, 59% in PTPN11‐ and 16% in control, p < .001) and high TG levels (29% in PTPN11+, 18% in PTPN11‐ and 2.3% in control). PTPN11+ patients had a higher median HOMA‐IR (1.0, ranged from 0.3 to 3.2) in comparison with PTPN11‐ (0.6; 0.2 to 4.4) and controls (0.6; 0.4 to 1.4, p = .027). Impaired glucose tolerance was observed in 19% (10:54) of lean adults with NS/NRD assessed by OGTT. Moreover, women with PTPN11 mutations had lower HDL‐cholesterol levels than those without. Our results suggest that children and young adult patients with NS/NRD have an unfavorable metabolic profile characterized by low HDL, a tendency of elevated TGs, and glucose metabolism impairment despite a lean phenotype.
Synergetic Lipid Extraction with Oxidative Damage Amplifies Cell‐Membrane‐Destructive Stresses and Enables Rapid Sterilization
Authors: Chen Yu , Ji Qinghua , Zhang Gong , Liu Huijuan , Qu Jiuhui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHere, we introduce an innovative “poison arrowhead” approach for disinfection based on a nanosheet bacterial inactivation system that acts synergistically to achieve sterilization rates of >99.99 % (Escherichia coli) over an ultrashort time period (≈0.5 min). The two‐dimensional MoS2 “arrowhead” configuration has a sharp edge structure that enables the vigorous extraction of lipids from cell membranes and subsequent membrane disruptions. In the presence of permonosulfate, a strong oxidant, sulfur vacancies containing MoS2 activate the stable molecules, which in turn produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) from edge sites to basal areas. This process not only scavenges some portion of the phospholipids to allow for MoS2 surface refreshment but also directly attacks proteins thereby inflicting further damage to injured cells and amplifying the cell‐membrane‐destructive stresses toward pathogenic microorganisms. With small amounts of the new material, we successfully disinfected natural water (≈99.93 % inactivation in terms of total bacteria) within 30 s.
Polymer brush‐grafted monolithic macroporous polyHIPEs obtained by surface‐initiated ARGET ATRP and heparinized for Enterovirus 71 purification
Authors: Gu Huimin , Liu Yibin , Wang Lichun , Zhang Baoliang , Yin Dezhong , Zhang Qiuyu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMonolithic macroporous polymerized high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) were grafted with poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) brushes via surface‐initiated activators continuously regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) and heparinized for obtaining an affinity chromatographic column for Enterovirus 71 (EV71) purification. The proposed strategy possessed of three advantages. (a) Highly interconnected porous structure of polyHIPEs guaranteed an excellent permeability (9.3 × 10−14 m2) and fast mass transfer of biomacromolecules; (b) PGMA brushes provided plentiful epoxy groups for heparin immobilization; (c) High accessibility of heparin was achieved as the polymer brushes could extend into the interior of pores. A specific capture of EV71 was accomplished by receptor‐ligand interaction. Dynamic adsorption capacity for EV71 reached 768 ng per column, up to 5‐fold higher than nongrafted one reported in our previous work. The maximum recovery for EV71 was 76.1%. Outstanding adsorption performances were attributed to the high density and accessibility of heparin immobilized on PGMA brushes. In general, the developed polymer brush‐grafted polyHIPEs opened up a new broad road for design of novel chromatographic medium for bioseparation and biomedical applications.
Malignant phyllodes tumor with liposarcomatous differentiation: Diagnosed on cytology
Authors: Kuppusamy Devi Anu , Jinkala Sreerekha , Thambiraj Paruvathavarthini , Stephen Norton , Gochhait Debasis , Siddaraju Neelaiah , Dharanipragada Kadambari 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhyllodes tumor (PT) accounts for less than 1% of all primary tumors of the breast and 2% to 3% of all fibroepithelial lesions. We report a case of heterologous liposarcomatous elements in a malignant PT of the breast on Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and later confirmed by histopathological examination. A 58‐years‐old woman presented with a huge breast mass for which FNAC was done. Cytology showed features of malignant PT with a good representation of heterologous liposarcomatous areas. The cytological findings were in concordance with the histologic features. Malignant PT and its various heterologous elements of stroma can be diagnosed on FNA cytology when performed optimally. They can be vital for the preoperative assessment of patients suspected with malignancy to formulate the surgical plan accordingly.
Impact of maternal immune activation on dendritic spine development
Authors: Pekala Martyna , Doliwa Marta , Kalita Katarzyna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDendritic spines are small dendritic protrusions that harbor most excitatory synapses in the brain. The proper generation and maturation of dendritic spines are crucial for the regulation of synaptic transmission and formation of neuronal circuits. Abnormalities in dendritic spine density and morphology are common pathologies in autism and schizophrenia. According to epidemiological studies, one risk factor for these neurodevelopmental disorders is maternal infection during pregnancy. This review discusses spine alterations in animal models of maternal immune activation in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders. We describe potential mechanisms that might be responsible for prenatal infection‐induced changes in the dendritic spine phenotype and behavior in offspring.
Comparative genomic analysis of human GLI2 locus using slowly evolving fish revealed the ancestral gnathostome set of early developmental enhancers
Authors: Ali Shahid , Arif Irum , Iqbal Ayesha , Hussain Irfan , Abrar Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Ramzan , Shubin Neil , Abbasi Amir Ali 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe zinc finger‐containing transcription factor Gli2, is a key mediator of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling and participates in embryonic patterning of various organs including the central nervous system (CNS) and limbs. Abnormal expression of Gli2 can impede the transcription of Hh target genes through disruption of proper balance between Gli2 and Gli3 functions. Therefore, delineation of enhancers that are required for complementary roles of Glis would allow the interrogation of those pathogenic variants that cause gene dysregulation, and a corresponding abnormal phenotype. Previously, we reported tissue‐specific enhancers for Gli family including Gli2 through direct tetrapod‐teleost comparisons.ResultsHere, we employed the sequence alignments of slowly evolving spotted gar and elephant shark and have identified six novel conserved noncoding elements in human GLI2 containing locus. Zebrafish‐based transgenic assays revealed that combined action of these autonomous CNEs reflects many aspects of Gli2 specific endogenous transcriptional activity, including CNS and pectoral fins.ConclusionTaken together with our previous findings, this study suggests that Hh‐signaling controlled deployment of Gli2 activity in embryonic patterning arose in the common ancestor of gnathostomes. These GLI2 specific cis‐regulatory modules will help to identify DNA variants that probably reside outside of coding intervals and are associated with congenital anomalies.
Self‐reported symptoms of binge‐eating disorder among adolescents in a community‐based Danish cohort—A study of prevalence, correlates, and impact
Authors: Olsen Else M. , Koch Susanne V. , Skovgaard Anne M. , Strandberg‐Larsen Katrine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveBinge‐eating disorder (BED) was established as a diagnosis in 2013 with the DSM‐5 and has been included in the ICD‐11 in 2018. In adulthood, BED is prevalent and correlated with somatic and mental health problems. Less is known about BED in adolescence, although this age period could represent a window of opportunity for early intervention. This study aimed to investigate the 1‐year prevalence, correlates, and impact of BED symptoms in a community sample of adolescents.MethodWe included 1,404 girls and 1,105 boys from the 16‐years‐follow‐up of the Copenhagen Child Cohort study, CCC2000. The adolescents self‐reported on BED symptoms, weight‐status, body perception, mental health problems, and self‐rated impact of food and weight‐related thoughts and behaviors. Information about socio‐economic factors and hospital diagnosed psychiatric disorders were obtained from national registries.ResultsA total of 8.5% reported weekly overeating with loss of control (10.9% of girls, 4.8% of boys), and 2.6% (3.6% of girls, 1.2% of boys) reported symptoms consistent with BED according to the DSM‐5. Regardless of sex, BED was correlated with concurrent overweight, body‐dissatisfaction, low self‐esteem, and mental health problems, especially emotional, but also with problems of behavior, inattention, and peer‐relations, and with high self‐rated impact on everyday life. Immigrant background and lower socio‐economy were potential risk factors for BED in boys in this sample.DiscussionBED was prevalent and correlated with mental health problems and overall impact among adolescents in this community sample, indicating the need for clinical attention and intervention towards binge‐eating disorder in the adolescent period.
Pyrene Appended Free‐base, Phosphorus(V) and Gallium(III) Corroles and Their β,β′‐Linked Corrole Dimers: Synthesis, Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Sujesh S. , Basumatary Biju , Kumar Amit , Sankar Jeyaraman 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPyrene appended free‐base, phosphorus(V) and gallium (III) corrole conjugates were synthesized and characterized. Efficient β‐β′ dimerization of corroles was achieved by oxidation with p‐chloranil in moderate yield from their respective metallated corroles. The weak ground state electronic coupling between pyrene and corrole units was established by photophysical and electrochemical investigations. The fluorescence spectral studies showed a red shifted emission maximum for dimer with respect to their monomeric counterpart due to possible π‐conjugation and supported by the density functional theory (DFT). The electrochemical investigation revealed multiple oxidation associated with the corrole and pyrene centers.
Structural Diversity using Hyp “Customizable Units”: Proof‐of‐Concept Synthesis of Sansalvamide‐Related Antitumoral Peptides
Authors: Cuevas Fernando , Saavedra Carlos J. , Romero‐Estudillo Ivan , Boto Alicia , Ordóñez Mario , Vergara Irene 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe potential of “customizable units” to generate structural diversity for biological screenings is highlighted in this proof‐of‐concept synthesis of new peptides related to the potent antitumoral Sansalvamide A. Using L‐4‐hydroxyproline (Hyp) as a customizable unit in a linear parent peptide, an improved procedure for selective peptide modification was developed. A divergent Hyp scission‐reductive amination process was carried out, affording five linear peptides with cationic residues, and notably, an N‐alkyl moiety that affected the conformation of the peptide. After two steps (saponification and macrocyclization), sixteen differently N1‐substituted linear and cyclic peptides were obtained. For the first time, the activity of the linear and cyclic compounds was compared. Not only some linear analogs but also cyclic compounds with scarcely studied cationic residues were active against MCF7 breast cancer line. Thus, the structural diversity generated from customizable units can be valuable in drug discovery.
The resistance to scientific theory in futures and foresight, and what to do about it
Authors: Fergnani Alessandro , Chermack Thomas J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe offer an argumentative explanation of the reasons why the field of futures and foresight has not been successful at becoming part of the social scientific establishment. We contend that the very set of norms, beliefs, and epistemological foundations of futures and foresight are essentially self‐sabotaging as they resist the creation of scientific theory on futures and foresight practices and processes in organizations. Drawing from the tradition of management and organization sciences, we describe what scientific theory in the context of organizations is and is not, and how theory development contributes to the incremental progress of scientific fields. We then unpack the crux of the problem, deconstructing the resistance to scientific theory within our field into nine, closely related reasons. We offer solutions to the problem in the form of three sets of recommendations: for authors, journal editors, and practitioners. We conclude by responding to likely misunderstandings in advance.
PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer: An overview of the practice‐changing trials
Authors: Foo Tiffany , George Angela , Banerjee Susana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPoly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have transformed the management of recurrent ovarian cancer in patients with BRCA‐mutations and beyond. Olaparib was the first PARP inhibitor to gain approval as maintenance therapy for patients with newly diagnosed, advanced BRCA‐mutated ovarian cancer establishing a new standard of care. At the end of 2020, as a result of the SOLO1, PRIMA, and PAOLA‐1 phase III trials, we are now in an era where three maintenance PARP inhibitor strategies have FDA and European Medicines Agency approval in the first‐line setting. In this review, we provide an overview of the key PARP inhibitor trials that have changed clinical practice, discuss directing therapy according to biomarker status (BRCA and homologous recombination deficiency) and future strategies in ovarian cancer and other gynecological malignancies.
A meteorological‐based crop coefficient model for estimation of daily evapotranspiration
Authors: Varmaghani Arman , Eichinger William E. , Prueger John H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEstimation of daily evapotranspiration (ET) over cloudy regions highly desires models which rely on meteorological data only. Notwithstanding, the conventional crop coefficient (Kc) method requires detailed knowledge of geo/biophysical properties of the coupled land‐vegetation system, precipitation, and soil moisture. Six Eddy Covariance (EC) towers in Iowa, California and New Hampshire of the USA (covering corn, soybeans, prairie, and deciduous forest) were selected. Investigation on 6 years (2007–2012) 15‐min micrometeorological records of these sites revealed that there is an indubitable strong interaction between relative humidity (RH), reference ET (ETo), and actual ET at different timescales. This allowed to bypass the need for the non‐meteorological inputs and express Kc as a second‐order polynomial function of RH and ETo, the ambient regression evapotranspiration model (AREM). The coefficients of the empirical function are crop‐specific and may require calibration over different soil types. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the regression against daily EC observations was 17% during the growing season, and 32% throughout the year with root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.74 mm day−1 and coefficient of determination of 0.71. The model was fully operational (MAPE of 34% and RMSE of 0.82 mm day−1) over the four Iowan sites based on inputs from local weather stations and NLDAS‐2 forcing data of NASA. AREM was capable of capturing the dynamics of ET at 15‐min and daily timescales irrespective of varying complexities associated with biophysical, geophysical and climatological states.