bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Microglia in Cerebral Traumatic Injury and its Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Padilla-Zambrano Huber S. , Deora Harsh , Arnout Mohamed , Mendoza-Florez Romario , Cardenas-Chavez Wiston Eduardo , Herrera-Martinez Monica Patricia , Ortega-Sierra Michael Gregorio , Agrawal Amit , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMicroglia have a variety of functions in the brain such as synaptic remodeling, damage repair of the central nervous system (CNS), and CNS’ inflammatory response to peripheral infections. The response depends on the type of insult and infection and includes a range of variety of activation states, the duration of which will decide the outcome. In response to traumatic brain injury (TBI), early activation can lead to early restoration of function, while prolonged and continuous activation can cause neurodegeneration states. Current evidence, however, states that this may not be the case. In this article, we discuss this seldom understood topic of microglia response to TBI, and analyze their distribution, function and possible sites of manipulation. Animal studies have allowed genetic and pharmacological manipulations of microglia activation, in order to define their role. Microglia activation can be remote to the site of injury, and thus their manipulation may play a significant role in the response to any trauma.
Diffuse Parenchymal Neurocysticercosis: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Prajapati Hanuman Prasad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNeurocysticercosis is the commonest parasitic disease of the central nervous system and the leading cause of seizure in the developing world. Human cysticercosis is caused by the dissemination of the embryo of Taenia solium in the intestine via the hepatoportal system to the tissues and organs of the body. The organs most commonly affected are the subcutaneous tissues, skeletal muscles, lung, brain, eye, liver, and occasionally the heart, thyroid, and pancreas. Widespread dissemination of the cysticerci can result in the involvement of almost any organ in the body. We report a case of 60 years old male presented with head injury due to fall, which was diagnosed as diffuse parenchymal neurocysticercosis on computed tomography scan of brain. We discuss the radiological feature, diagnostic criteria, management plan, and literature review of such reported cases.
Delayed Extradural Hematoma after Evacuation of Contralateral Acute Extradural Hematoma
Authors: Anwer Majid , Rehman Atique Ur , Ahmed Farheen , Kumar Satyendra , Uddin Md Masleh 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction Traumatic head injury with extradural hematoma (EDH) is seen in 2% of patients. Development of EDH on the contralateral side is an uncommon complication that has been reported in various case reports.
Methods We report here a case of an 18-year-old male who had a road traffic injury. He was diagnosed as a case of left-sided large frontotemporoparietal acute extradural bleed with a mass effect toward the right side. He was managed with urgent craniotomy and evacuation of hematoma. A noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) scan performed 8 hours after postoperative period showed a large frontotemporoparietal bleed on the right side with a mass effect toward the left side. He was again taken to the operating room and right-sided craniotomy and evacuation of hematoma were performed. A postoperative NCCT scan revealed a resolved hematoma. The patient made a complete recovery in the postoperative period and is doing well.
Conclusion Delayed onset epidural hematoma is diagnosed when the initial computed tomography (CT) scan is negative or is performed early and when late CT scan performed to assess clinical or ICP deterioration shows an EDH. The diagnosis of such a condition requires a high index of suspicion based on the mechanism of injury along with fracture patterns. Additionally, change in pupillary size, raised intracranial pressure, and bulging of the brain intraoperatively are additional clues for contralateral bleeding. Neurologic deterioration may or may not be associated with delayed EDH presentation. An early postoperative NCCT scan within 24 hours is recommended to detect this complication with or without any neurologic deterioration.
Air Leak Syndrome in Two Very Preterm Infants Born to Mothers with Coronavirus Disease 2019: An Association or a Coincidence?
Authors: Reddy Ajay , Engelhardt Krystin , Jain Deepak 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mostly affects adults with limited information on possible vertical transmission from pregnant mothers. We present here two very preterm infants born to mothers with COVID-19, whose respiratory course was significant for initial mild respiratory distress syndrome who developed acute onset severe air leak syndrome at approximately 24 to 36 hours of age requiring thoracentesis. Their respiratory status improved gradually with resolution of air leak and respiratory failure by 2 weeks of age. Both infants tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction of multiple respiratory specimens collected beyond 24 hours after birth. As the incidence of severe air leak syndrome is relatively low in preterm infants without risk factors, this presentation in two very preterm infants born to mothers with COVID-19 is intriguing and needs to be further evaluated in larger cohorts. If confirmed, this data could potentially be the first step toward generating hypotheses for mechanisms of lung injury, intrauterine transmission, or how to detect COVID-19 in preterm infants. In addition, these data will be critical for developing evidence-based guidelines for perinatal management of these infants as we continue to battle against the COVID-19 pandemic for the foreseeable future.
Management and Surveillance of Short- and Long-Term Sequelae of Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Pediatric Brain Tumors
Authors: Lam Fred Chiu-Lai , Kasper Ekkehard M , Mahadevan Anand 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRadiation therapy (RT) is a mainstay for the treatment of pediatric brain tumors. As improvements in and sophistication of this modality continue to increase the survival of patients, the long-term sequelae of RT pose significant challenges in the clinical management of this patient population as they transition into adulthood. In this special edition, we review the short- and long-term effects of RT for the treatment of pediatric brain tumors and the necessary surveillance required for follow-up.
Clinical Characteristics, Molecular Profile, and Outcomes in Indian Patients with Glutaric Aciduria Type 1
Authors: Tamhankar Parag M. , Vasudevan Lakshmi , Kondurkar Pratima , Niazi Sarfaraj , Christopher Rita , Solanki Dhaval , Dholakia Pooja , Muranjan Mamta , Kamate Mahesh , Kalane Umesh , Sheth Jayesh , Tamhankar Vasundhara , Gulati Reena , Vasikarla Madhavi , Danda Sumita , Naushad Shaik M. , Girisha Katta M. , Patil Shekhar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlutaric acidemia type 1 (GA-1, OMIM 231670) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism caused by the deficiency of glutaryl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase with most children presenting in infancy with encephalopathy, dystonia, and macrocephaly. In this article, we presented the clinical characteristics, molecular profile, and outcomes in 29 unrelated families with affected children (30 cases total). The mean age at onset of illness was 10 months (±14.58), whereas the mean age at referral for molecular diagnosis was 29.44 months (±28.11). Patients were residents of nine different states of India. Clinical presentation varied from acute encephalitis followed by neuroregression and chronic/insidious developmental delay. Neurological sequelae varied from asymptomatic (no sequelae, 2 patients) to moderate (5 patients) and severe (23 patients) sequelae. All patients underwent blood tandem mass spectrometry (TMS on dried blood spots) and/or urine gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). Neuroimaging demonstrated batwing appearance in 95% cases. Sanger's sequencing of GCDH, covering all exons and exon–intron boundaries, was performed for all patients. Variants identified include 15 novel coding variants: p.Met100Thr, p.Gly107Ser, p.Leu179Val, p.Pro217Ser, p. Phe236Leufs*107, p.Ser255Pro, p.Met266Leufs*2, p.Gln330Ter, p.Thr344Ile, p.Leu345Pro, p.Lys377Arg, p.Leu424Pro, p.Asn373Lys, p.Lys377Arg, p.Asn392Metfs*9, and nine known genetic variants such as p.Arg128Gln, p.Leu179Arg, p.Trp225Ter, p.Met339Val, p.Gly354Ser, p.Arg402Gln, p.Arg402Trp, p.His403Tyr, and p.Ala433Val (Ensembl transcript ID: ENST00000222214). Using in silico analysis, genetic variants were shown to be affecting the residues responsible for homotetramer formation of the glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase protein. Treatment included oral carnitine, riboflavin, protein-restricted diet, lysine-deficient special formulae, and management of acute crises with intravenous glucose and hydration. However, the mortality (9/30, 27.58%) and morbidity was high in our cohort with only two patients affording the diet. Our study is the largest multicentric, genetic variant–proven series of glutaric aciduria type 1 from India till date.
Teaching About Newton’s Second Law
Authors: Morse Robert A. 
Published: September 2020

This AAPT/PTRA teacher resource guide introduces teachers to a microcomputer-based laboratory (MBL) approach to teaching about Newton’s second law, forces, and solving problems concerning force and motion. It is designed to help teachers develop the appropriate use of computers to help students build first a qualitative, conceptual understanding of Newton’s second law and then a quantitative, problem solving understanding.
Look for these Other AAPT/PTRA Resource Books:Teaching About EnergyTeaching About Magnets and MagnetismTeaching About Impulse and MomentumTeaching About KinematicsTeaching Physics for the First Time
Application of a paramagnetic gas theory to describe the magneto-optical response in ferrofluids
Authors: Sanz-Felipe Ángel , Martín Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The magneto-optical response in ferrofluids depends significantly on the orientation and intensity of an applied magnetic field. However, such essential dependence is far from being properly described by a model based on fundamental laws. In this work, the model proposed by Elmore as an extension of the Langevin theory of a paramagnetic gas is checked. Considering the ferrofluid as an ideal paramagnetic gas is not realistic, so some modifications to the model are proposed. The modified Elmore’s model adequately fits the experimental results obtained at different magnetic field intensities and orientations for the two different wavelengths used. Transmission relaxation evolution after magnetic field switch-off is also provided by the model. In addition, the results for magnetic fields parallel to the light beam are in good agreement.
Instantaneous wall-shear-stress measurements: advances and application to near-wall extreme events
Authors: Örlü Ramis , Vinuesa Ricardo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this article we provide an overview of widely used methods to measure the mean and fluctuating components of the wall-shear stress in wall-bounded turbulent flows. We first note that it is very important to perform direct measurements of the mean wall-shear stress, where oil-film interferometry (OFI) provides the highest accuracy with an uncertainty level of around 1%. Nonetheless, several indirect methods are commonly used due to their straightforward application and these are reviewed in the light of recent findings in wall turbulence. The focus of the review lies, however, on the fluctuating wall-shear stress, which has over the last decade received renewed interest. In this respect, it is interesting to note that one near-wall feature that has received attention is the so-called backflow event, i.e. a sudden, strong short-lived reverse-flow area, which challenges measurement techniques in terms of temporal and spatial resolution, as well as their dynamic range and multi-directional capabilities. Therefore, we provide a review on these backflow events as well as commonly used techniques for fluctuating wall-shear-stress measurements and discuss the various attempts to measure them. The review shows that further development of the accuracy and robustness of available measurement techniques is needed, so that such extreme events can be adequately measured.
Metrological characteristics for the calibration of surface topography measuring instruments: a review
Authors: Leach Richard , Haitjema Han , Su Rong , Thompson Adam 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we will review the development and use of an ISO standardised framework to allow calibration of surface topography measuring instruments. We will draw on previous work to present the state of the art in the field in terms of employed methods for calibration and uncertainty estimation based on a fixed set of metrological characteristics. The resulting standards will define the metrological characteristics and present default methods and material measures for their determination—the paper will summarise this work and point out areas where there is still some work to do. An example uncertainty estimation is given for an optical topography measuring instrument, where the effect of topography fidelity is considered.
Quantifying the spatial resolution of the maximum a posteriori estimate in linear, rank-deficient, Bayesian hard field tomography
Authors: Emmert Johannes , Wagner Steven , Daun Kyle J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Image based diagnostics are interpreted in the context of spatial resolution. The same is true for tomographic image reconstruction. Current empirically driven approaches to quantify spatial resolution in chemical species tomography rely on a deterministic formulation based on point-spread functions which neglect the statistical prior information, that is integral to rank-deficient tomography. We propose a statistical spatial resolution measure based on the covariance of the reconstruction (point estimate). By demonstrating the resolution measure on a chemical species tomography test case, we show that the prior information acts as a lower limit for the spatial resolution. Furthermore, the spatial resolution measure can be employed for designing tomographic systems under consideration of spatial inhomogeneity of spatial resolution.
Metastable growth regime for carbon nanowalls and carbon nanofibers in an Ar/H2/C2H2 radiofrequency plasma jet
Authors: Stoica S D , Vizireanu S , Luculescu C R , Mitu B , Dinescu G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We reveal a metastable growth regime during deposition of carbon nanomaterials by PECVD in Ar/H2/C2H2 plasma, characterized by a spontaneous transition of the material morphology from carbon nanofibers (CNF) to carbon nanowalls (CNW), during the same continuous experiment, while keeping constant the values of all deposition parameters (radiofrequency power, gas flow rates, pressure, substrate temperature). Thus, one step deposition of layered architectures consisting of CNW standing on the top of CNF is demonstrated. The peculiarities of the transition in the growth regime, from CNF to CNW are not known. Thus, in this study the plasma characteristics leading to single CNW layers are compared to those leading to CNW onto CNF layered architectures. Mass spectrometry is the main investigation method, confirming that comparing to single layer CNW deposition, the metastable growth proceeds at increased ratios of hydrogen ions to carbon clusters ions.
Artificial intelligence for photonics and photonic materials
Authors: Piccinotti Davide , MacDonald Kevin F , A Gregory Simon , Youngs Ian , Zheludev Nikolay I 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the most important new methodology in scientific research since the adoption of quantum mechanics and it is providing exciting results in numerous fields of science and technology. In this review we summarize research and discuss future opportunities for AI in the domains of photonics, nanophotonics, plasmonics and photonic materials discovery, including metamaterials.
Kinesin-propelled label-free microtubules imaged with interference reflection microscopy
Authors: Saper Gadiel , Hess Henry 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Interference reflection microscopy (IRM) utilizes the interference between the light reflected from the surface and the light reflected from an object to generate contrast and can be used to image nanometer size objects, such as a microtubule adhered to a surface as demonstrated by Mahamdeh et al. In in vitro gliding motility assays and in a variety of nanodevices, cytoskeletal filaments are propelled by surface-adhered motor proteins 20 to 50 nm above the surface. Here we employ IRM to image kinesin propelled label-free microtubules and show that these unlabeled microtubules are longer and move at higher velocities compared to rhodamine-labeled microtubules. IRM also provides information about the distance of an elevated microtubule from the surface and is used by us to follow microtubules crossover events. Finally, we perform the gliding assay without adding an oxygen scavenging system and show that there is significantly less photodamage for label-free microtubules measured with IRM compared to rhodamine-labeled microtubules imaged with fluorescence microscopy. This result suggests that IRM can be used for future experiments to further explore the effect of oxygen radicals on the gliding assay. Moreover, the increased velocity and length make label-free microtubules desirable for engineered devices based on molecular motors and filaments.
Overview of the III International Conference on Agribusiness, Environmental Engineering and Biotechnologies – AGRITECH-III - 2020
Authors: Kovalev Igor V , Pyzhikova N I , Shaporova Z E , Voroshilova Anna A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The overview describes the main directions and results of the International Conference “AGRITECH-III-2020” held in Krasnoyarsk in June 18-20, 2020. It gives the details about the participants and the proceedings. The anchor partners of Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall were Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Volgograd State Technical University and the Volga region research Institute of manufacture and processing of meat-and-milk production. A description of the main trends in modern agribusiness science as well as in the development of the agrarian university are given in the overview.
Industrial and agricultural production in the Perm Territory: economics and organization aspects
Authors: Urasova A A , Balandin D A , Piskunov A I 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The article considers a methodology for analyzing the organization of industrial and agro-industrial production in the region using the method of correlation pleiades. This allowed the authors to draw conclusions regarding the interconnectedness of spatial and temporal data in the region’s space, as well as to identify quantifiable groups of indicators that are crucial in the region’s economy, in the sustainable development of individual territories, and general trends that form the directional path of the region’s development.
Some aspects of national experience of the cluster approach in agro-industrial complex
Authors: Chebokchinova N M , Kapsargina S A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The need to improve the economic efficiency of regional agro-industrial complexes poses challenges related to the choice of a competitive model of the economy that allows you to maximize the available potential. Cluster principles of the organization that successfully prove their effectiveness all over the world can become the optimal solution to the problem. The development of the agro-industrial complex is of particular importance for the successful solution of this task in Russian conditions, since it is faced with the most important problem of ensuring the country’s food security, without which it is impossible to claim the status of a developed state.
Leasing as a form of state support development in crop production
Authors: Ozerova M G , Sharopatova A V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The article considers the need to develop leasing relations as a form of state support. The paper analyzes the state of grain production in the Krasnoyarsk region, in order to confirm the postulate about the importance of technical equipment in the industry to increase the intensity and efficiency of production. It was noted that the agricultural machinery fleet has significantly decreased, respectively, the load on the unit of equipment has increased, the degree of wear has increased. In the expansion of state support measures for commodity producers, not the least place should be given to leasing, as one of the most effective methods of purchasing agricultural equipment, especially for small and medium-sized businesses.
Digitalization and mechanization in agriculture industry
Authors: Mentsiev A U , Amirova E F , Afanasev N V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Agriculture is a major industry contributing to the gross domestic product of any country around the global. Especially for developing countries, it is not only the most important source of income but is necessary to feed their populations. With the increase in population, the global agriculture industry needs to increase too, currently at 10% of the global GDP, the global agriculture industry needs to grow at least 60% by 2030 in order to keep up with the global demand of agricultural products. This study examines the digital transformation and integration of technology into the agricultural industry. The paper analyzes the main areas of technology implementation in the agricultural industry.
Comparative analysis of electric drive control systems for technological facilities in the agricultural sector
Authors: Platonov V V , Tulegenov E M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The article provides a comparative analysis of the most common electric drive control systems: scalar control, vector control and direct torque control DTC. The analysis is carried out according to the criteria for the performance of the torque loop, the robustness of the systems, the level of torque ripple and overshoot in the torque loop. Comparison is made by subjectively assigning points for each of the criteria based on a qualitative assessment. The simplified mathematical models are used for analysis, that taking into account the pulsating moment pulsations. In conclusion, it is concluded that it is advisable to use one or another control system for electrical equipment in various fields of agricultural use.