bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A sustainable urban regeneration project to protect biodiversity
Authors: Tarsitano Elvira , Rosa Alba Giannoccaro , Posca Cecilia , Petruzzi Giovanni , Mundo Michele , Colao Marcello 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe sustainable urban redevelopment project to protect biodiversity was developed to regenerate the external spaces of an ancient rural farmhouse, Villa Framarino, in the regional Natural Park of Lama Balice, a shallow erosive furrow (lama) rich in biodiversity, between two suburbs of the city of Bari (Apulia, Italy) and close to the city airport. This work includes a complex system of activities aimed not only at a spatial revaluation, necessary to relaunch the urban image, but it is accompanied by interventions of a cultural, social, economic, environmental and landscape nature, aimed at increasing the quality of life, in compliance with the principles of sustainability and social participation. One of the means to revitalize a territory subject to redevelopment is the planning of events and activities of socio-cultural value that involve the population to revive the sense of belonging to the territory and the community and at the same time to protect the biodiversity of the urban park of the protected natural area.
Landscape and Dynamics of the Transcriptional Regulatory Network During Natural Killer Cell Differentiation
Authors: Li Kun , Wu Yang , Li Young , Yu Qiaoni , Tian Zhigang , Wei Haiming , Qu Kun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are essential in controlling cancer and infection. However, little is known about the dynamics of the transcriptional regulatory machinery during NK cell differentiation. In this study, we applied the assay of transposase accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq) technique in a home-developed in vitro NK cell differentiation system. Analysis of ATAC-seq data illustrated two distinct transcription factor (TF) clusters that dynamically regulate NK cell differentiation. Moreover, two TFs from the second cluster, FOS-like 2 (FOSL2) and early growth response 2 (EGR2), were identified as novel essential TFs that control NK cell maturation and function. Knocking down either of these two TFs significantly impacted NK cell differentiation. Finally, we constructed a genome-wide transcriptional regulatory network that provides a better understanding of the regulatory dynamics during NK cell differentiation.
Quantifying the Tropical Upper Tropospheric Warming Amplification Using Radio Occultation Measurements
Authors: Vergados Panagiotis , Ao Chi O. , Mannucci Anthony J. , Kursinski E. Robert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the upper troposphere (UT), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Radio Occultations (ROs) provide accurate air temperatures (<0.5 K) every ∼200 m vertically. We use RO observations from 01/2002 until 12/2018 at 300, 250, and 200 hPa to quantify the tropical upper tropospheric amplification (defined as the ratio of temperature trends in the UT relative to the surface). We compare the RO‐derived results against Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) models, Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA‐2), and European Center for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts Re‐Analysis Interim (ERA‐Interim) data. We find that CMIP6 AMIP models show excellent agreement with independent AIRS and RO observations on the magnitude of the UT warming and show warming that is significantly faster than both reanalyses above 250 hPa. Additionally, AIRS and CMIP6 AMIP present excellent agreement with the RO‐measured tropical tropospheric amplification.
Machine Learning Improves Debris Flow Warning
Authors: Chmiel Małgorzata , Walter Fabian , Wenner Michaela , Zhang Zhen , McArdell Brian W. , Hibert Clement 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAutomatic identification of debris flow signals in continuous seismic records remains a challenge. To tackle this problem, we use machine learning, which can be applied to continuous real‐time data. We show that a machine learning model based on the random forest algorithm recognizes different stages of debris flow formation and propagation at the Illgraben torrent, Switzerland, with an accuracy exceeding 90 %. In contrast to typical debris flow detection requiring instrumentation installed in the torrent, our approach provides a significant gain in warning times of tens of minutes to hours. For real‐time data from 2020, our detector raises alarms for all 13 independently confirmed Illgraben events, giving no false alarms. We suggest that our seismic machine‐learning detector is a critical step toward the next generation of debris‐flow warning, which increases warning times using simpler instrumentation compared to existing operational systems.
Cohesive Sediment Erosion in a Combined Wave‐Current Boundary Layer
Authors: Egan Galen , Chang Grace , McWilliams Samuel , Revelas Gene , Fringer Oliver , Monismith Stephen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe conducted field work on the shoals of South San Francisco Bay to elucidate the mechanisms driving cohesive sediment erosion in a shallow, wave‐ and current‐driven flow. Compiling data from three deployments, including measurements taken within the combined wave‐current boundary layer, we found that wave shear stress was strongly correlated to turbulent sediment fluxes across all seasons and a range of deployment depths. Tidal turbulence was only correlated to turbulent sediment fluxes for larger relative depths, or when a wave‐driven sediment flux in the bottom boundary layer allowed the tidal shear stress to transport sediment into the overlying flow. Despite the dominance of waves in eroding sediment, we found favorable agreement between in situ boundary layer erosion measurements and laboratory erosion measurements conducted in a steady flume. Results were analyzed in the context of two benthic surveys which provided insight into the sediment bed properties.
Southern Ocean Cloud Properties Derived From CAPRICORN and MARCUS Data
Authors: Mace Gerald G. , Protat Alain , Humphries Ruhi S. , Alexander Simon P. , McRobert Ian M. , Ward Jason , Selleck Paul , Keywood Melita , McFarquhar Greg M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe properties of Southern Ocean (SO) liquid phase non precipitating clouds (hereafter clouds) are examined using shipborne data collected during the Measurements of Aerosols, Radiation and Clouds over the Southern Ocean and the Clouds Aerosols Precipitation Radiation and atmospheric Composition Over the SoutheRN ocean I and II campaigns that took place south of Australia during Autumn 2016 and Summer 2017–2018. Cloud properties are derived using data from W‐band radars, lidars, and microwave radiometers using an optimal estimation algorithm. The SO clouds tended to have larger liquid water paths (LWP, 115 ± 117 g m−2), smaller effective radii (re, 8.7 ± 3 μm), and higher number concentrations (Nd, 90 ± 107 cm−3) than typical values of eastern ocean basin stratocumulus. The clouds demonstrated a tendency for the LWP to increase with Nd presumably due to precipitation suppression up to Nd of approximately 100 cm−3 when mean LWP decreased with increasing Nd. Due to higher optical depth, cloud albedos were less susceptible to changes in Nd compared to subtropical stratocumulus. The highest latitude clouds of the datasets, observed along and near the Antarctic coast, presented a distinctly bimodal character. One mode had the properties of marine clouds further north. The other mode occurred in an aerosol environment characterized by high cloud condensation nuclei concentrations and elevated sulfate aerosol without obvious continental aerosol markers. These regions of higher cloud condensation nuclei tended to have higher Nd, smaller re and higher LWP suggesting sensitivity of cloud properties to seasonal biogenic aerosol production in the high latitude SO.
Migrating Semidiurnal Tide During the September Equinox Transition in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Pedatella N. M. , Liu H.‐L. , Conte J. F. , Chau J. L. , Hall C. , Jacobi C. , Mitchell N. , Tsutsumi M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSpecified Dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere‐ionosphere eXtension simulations are used to investigate the solar migrating semidiurnal tide (SW2) around September equinox at middle to high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. A pronounced minimum in SW2 occurs around September equinox, and is characterized by a ∼50% reduction in tidal amplitudes for 20–30 days. Analysis of the simulation results indicates that the SW2 minimum occurs due to the seasonal transition of the zonal mean zonal winds, which alter the generation and propagation of different symmetric and antisymmetric modes of SW2. In particular, the antisymmetric modes notably decrease due to the more hemispherically symmetric zonal winds around equinox. It is further demonstrated that interannual variability in the timing of the SW2 minimum is related to the timing of the seasonal transition of the zonal mean zonal winds in the middle atmosphere. This leads to an earlier occurrence of the SW2 minimum during years when the seasonal transition occurs earlier, such as the recent 2019 September equinox which saw an earlier transition of the Southern Hemisphere zonal mean zonal winds following the occurrence of a sudden stratosphere warming. The connection between the timing of the SW2 minimum in the Northern Hemisphere and the timing of the seasonal transition in the middle atmosphere winds is confirmed by seasonal variability of 12‐h tides deduced from specular meteor radar observations at middle to high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere.
Carbon Dioxide Fluxes of a Young Deciduous Afforestation Under the Influence of Seasonal Precipitation Patterns and Frequent Typhoon Occurrence
Authors: Maneke‐Fiegenbaum Falk , Santos Simone Heupel , Klemm Otto , Yu Jui‐Chu , Chiang Po‐Neng , Lai Yen‐Jen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAfforestation is considered a major tool for climate change mitigation with high potential particularly in the tropics. In this study we analyzed CO2 fluxes of an afforested former sugar cane plantation in southern Taiwan, as this forest had been planted with the goal of sequestering CO2 to help mitigate climate change. The plantation is exposed to a monsoon climate with dry but warm winter seasons, heavy precipitation during the summers and experiences a rather high frequency of typhoons (0.7 per year). The aim of this study is to quantify the net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (ER), gross primary production (GPP) and increment in above‐ground biomass (AGB) at the site. Specifically, we aim to analyze the influence of the distinct wet and dry seasonality and the frequent typhoon impact on these fluxes. We estimated the CO2 fluxes for two years using the eddy covariance approach. In 2010 and 2016 the forest sequestered carbon from the atmosphere with a NEE of −116 g C m−2 year−1 and −322 g C m−2 year−1, respectively. Between 2011 and 2014, the yearly increment in AGB increased with a mean increment of 509 ± 181 (SD) g C m−2 year−1. We observed high seasonal difference in CO2 fluxes particularly in ER and GPP, and conclude that high winter precipitation enhances CO2 uptake. Furthermore, frequent typhoons reduced the CO2 uptake and increment in AGB, such as in 2016, when a very strong typhoon passed the forest.
ProLB: A Lattice Boltzmann Solver of Large‐Eddy Simulation for Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows
Authors: Feng Yongliang , Miranda‐Fuentes Johann , Guo Shaolong , Jacob Jérôme , Sagaut Pierre 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA large‐eddy simulation tool is developed for simulating the dynamics of atmospheric boundary layers (ABLs) using lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), which is an alternative approach for computational fluid dynamics and proved to be very well suited for the simulation of low‐Mach flows. The equations of motion are coupled with the global complex physical models considering the coupling among several mechanisms, namely basic hydro‐thermodynamics and body forces related to stratification, Coriolis force, canopy effects, humidity transport, and condensation. Mass and momentum equations are recovered by an efficient streaming, collision, and forcing process within the framework of LBM while the governing equations of temperature, liquid, and vapor water fraction are solved using a finite volume method. The implementation of wall models for ABL, subgrid models, and interaction terms related to multiphysic phenomena (e.g., stratification, condensation) is described, implemented, and assessed in this study. An immersed boundary approach is used to handle flows in complex configurations, with application to flows in realistic urban areas. Applications to both wind engineering and atmospheric pollutant dispersion are illustrated.
Cold Pool Dynamics Shape the Response of Extreme Rainfall Events to Climate Change
Authors: Lochbihler Kai , Lenderink Geert , Siebesma A. Pier 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that local rainfall extremes can increase with warming at a higher rate than expected from the Clausius‐Clapeyron (CC) relation. The exact mechanisms behind this super‐CC scaling phenomenon are still unsolved. Recent studies highlight invigorated local dynamics as a contributor to enhanced precipitation rates with warming. Here, cold pools play an important role in the process of organization and deepening of convective clouds. Another known effect of cold pools is the amplification of low‐level moisture variability. Yet, how these processes respond to climatic warming and how they relate to enhanced precipitation rates remains largely unanswered. Unlike other studies which use rather simple approaches mimicking climate change, we present a much more comprehensive set of experiments using a high‐resolution large eddy simulation (LES) model. We use an idealized but realistically forced case setup, representative for conditions with extreme summer precipitation in midlatitudes. Based on that, we examine how a warmer atmosphere under the assumption of constant and varying relative humidity, lapse rate changes and enhanced large‐scale dynamics influence precipitation rates, cold pool dynamics, and the low‐level moisture field. Warmer conditions generally lead to larger and more intense events, accompanied by enhanced cold pool dynamics and a concurring moisture accumulation in confined regions. The latter are known as preferred locations for new convective events. Our results show that cold pool dynamics play an increasingly important role in shaping the response of local precipitation extremes to global warming, providing a potential mechanism for super‐CC behavior as subject for future research.
Expecting Questions Modulates Cognitive Effort in a Syntactic Processing Task: Evidence From Pupillometry
Authors: Chapman Laura Roche , Hallowell Brooke 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
Pupillary responses captured via pupillometry (measurement of pupillary dilation and constriction during the performance of a cognitive task) are psychophysiological indicators of cognitive effort, attention, arousal, and resource engagement. Pupillometry may be a promising tool for enhancing our understanding of the relationship between cognition and language in people with and without aphasia. Interpretation of pupillary responses is complex. This study was designed as a stepping-stone for future pupillometric studies involving people with aphasia. Asking comprehension questions is common in language processing research involving people with and without aphasia. However, the influence of comprehension questions on pupillometric indices of task engagement (tonic responses) and cognitive effort (task-evoked responses of the pupil [TERPs]) is unknown. We tested whether asking comprehension questions influenced pupillometric results of adults without aphasia during a syntactic processing task.

Method
Forty adults without aphasia listened to easy (canonical) and difficult (noncanonical) sentences in two conditions: one that contained an explicit comprehension task (question condition) and one that did not (no-question condition). The influence of condition and canonicity on pupillary responses was examined.

Results
The influence of canonicity was only significant in the question condition: TERPs for difficult sentences were larger than TERPs for easy sentences. Tonic responses did not differ between conditions.

Conclusions
Although participants had similar levels of attentiveness in both conditions, increases in indices of cognitive effort during syntactic processing were significant only when participants expected comprehension questions. Results contribute to a body of evidence indicating the importance of task design and careful linguistic stimulus control when using pupillometry to study language processing.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13480368
Listening to a Dysphonic Speaker in Noise May Impede Children's Spoken Language Processing in a Realistic Classroom Setting
Authors: Schiller Isabel S. , Morsomme Dominique , Kob Malte , Remacle Angélique 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate children's processing of dysphonic speech in a realistic classroom setting, under the influence of added classroom noise.

Method
Typically developing 6-year-old primary school children performed two listening tasks in their regular classrooms: a phoneme discrimination task to assess speech perception and a sentence–picture matching task to assess listening comprehension. Speech stimuli were played back in either a typical or an impaired voice quality. Children performed the tasks in the presence of induced classroom noise at signal-to-noise ratios between +2 and +9 dB.

Results
Children's performance in the phoneme discrimination task decreased significantly when the speaker's voice was impaired. The effect of voice quality on sentence–picture matching depended on task demands: Easy sentences were processed more accurately in the impaired-voice condition than in the typical-voice condition. Signal-to-noise ratio effects are discussed in light of methodological constraints.

Conclusions
Listening to a dysphonic teacher in a noisy classroom may impede children's perception of speech, particularly when phonological discrimination is needed to disambiguate the speech input. Future research regarding the interaction of voice quality and task demands is necessary.
Hybrid grey wolf sunflower optimisation algorithm for energy‐efficient cluster head selection in wireless sensor networks for lifetime enhancement
Authors: Nagarajan Lavanya , Thangavelu Shankar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWireless sensor networks (WSNs) are expected to find extensive applicability and accelerating deployment in the future. However, the main challenge faced in WSN is its perishing lifetime. The process of clustering a network is a popular mechanism employed for the purpose of extending the lifespan of WSNs and thereby making efficient data transmission. The main aim of a clustering algorithm is to elect an optimal cluster head (CH). The recent research trend suggests meta‐heuristic algorithms for the selection of optimal CHs. Meta‐heuristic algorithms possess the advantages of being simple, flexible, derivation‐free, and avoids local optima. This research proposes a novel hybrid grey wolf optimiser‐based sunflower optimisation (HGWSFO) algorithm for optimal CH selection (CHS) under certain factor constraints such as energy spent and separation distance, such that the network lifetime is enhanced. Sunflower optimisation (SFO) is employed for a broader search (exploration) where the variation of the step‐size parameter brings the plant closer to the sun in search of global refinement, thus increasing the exploration efficiency. Grey wolf optimisation (GWO) is employed for a narrow search (exploitation), where the parameter coefficient vectors are deliberately required to emphasise exploitation. This balances the exploration‐exploitation trade‐off, prolongs the network lifetime, increases the energy efficiency, and enhances the performance of the network with respect to overall throughput, residual energy of nodes, dead nodes, alive nodes, network survivability index, and convergence rate. The superior characteristic of the suggested HGWSFO is validated by comparing its performance with various other existing CHS algorithms. The overall performance of the proposed HGWSFO is 28.58%, 31.53%, 48.8%, 49.67%, 54.95%, 70.76%, and 87.10%, better than that of GWO, SFO, particle swarm optimisation (PSO), improved PSO, low‐energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), LEACH‐centralised, and direct transmission, respectively.
Finite‐time dissipative control for time‐delay Markov jump systems with conic‐type non‐linearities under guaranteed cost controller and quantiser
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Yin Yanyan , Wang Hai , He Shuping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFor a class of conic‐type non‐linear time‐delay Markov jump systems, the asynchronous dissipative output feedback controller based on the guaranteed cost control and quantiser is designed in this study. In real applications, the system and the controller modes are always non‐synchronous, so we introduce the hidden Markov model to solve this problem. Furthermore, we define three novel auxiliary variables and use quantisers to accomplish the output feedback controller design. Then, the finite‐time boundedness and strict dissipativity of the closed‐loop systems are guaranteed by sufficient conditions, and the controller also meets the guaranteed cost‐control performance. By solving a set of linear matrix inequalities, we get the controller gains, the guaranteed cost control performance index J*, and the dissipative performance index α. Finally, the correctness and feasibility of this designed approach are demonstrated by a given example.
Pomegranate‐like high density LTO anode material for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Yawen , Bai Yilu , Ye Lanlan , Li Ting , Chen Rui , Jin Hong , Xia Hongyan , Xu Hui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn order to improve the rate performance and reduce the cost lithium ion anode, the Li4Ti5O12@TiO2 (LTO‐TO) was prepared by a facile hydrothermal reaction method with a micro‐scale TiO2 as the precursor. The morphologies and microstructures of the pomegranate‐like LTO‐TO were examined by scanning electron microscopy and transition electron microscopy. The results demonstrate that the nano‐LTO particles are located on the surface of the micro TiO2. The electrochemical properties of the LTO‐TO composites were characterized by galvanostatic charge/discharge. The as‐prepared composites present a high capacity of 157.3 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C. Even at a high current density of 10 C, it can still maintain a high capacity of 105.4 mAh g−1 and remains 92.8% (95 mA g−1) after 450 cycles. These results indicate that the as‐prepared LTO nano/micro‐sphere may be a potential anode material for lithium‐ion batteries.
Preparation of carbon dots with orange emission for Cr(Ш) detection and cellular imaging
Authors: Si Junying , Wang Hong , Wu Baoshuang , Wang Guangshuo , Yang Jiajia , Huo Zhongchao , Tian Tian , Zhao Xuelin , Han Shuai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA new type of orange emission carbon dots (OCDs) was prepared by hydrothermal method using 1,2,4‐triaminobenzene and p‐aminobenzenesulphonic acid as precursors. TEM characterization showed that the new OCDs were uniform in size with an average particle size of 4–7 nm. Infrared spectroscopy and XPS analysis showed that the surface of the OCDs were rich in hydrophilic functional groups. Fluorescence spectroscopy results showed that the obtained OCDs exhibited excellent fluorescence with an absolute quantum yield as high as 14.9%. The OCDs were further applied to the detection of metal ions. It was found that the fluorescence of OCDs could be effectively quenched by Cr(Ш) with a detection limit of 0.38 μm. Notably, the obtained OCDs have been successfully used for fluorescence detection of Cr3+ ions in cell level.