bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DrosophilaVoltage-Gated Sodium Channels Are Only Expressed in Active Neurons and Are Localized to Distal Axonal Initial Segment-like Domains
Authors: Ravenscroft Thomas A. , Janssens Jasper , Lee Pei-Tseng , Tepe Burak , Marcogliese Paul C. , Makhzami Samira , Holmes Todd C. , Aerts Stein , Bellen Hugo J. 
Published: September 2020

In multipolar vertebrate neurons, action potentials (APs) initiate close to the soma, at the axonal initial segment. Invertebrate neurons are typically unipolar with dendrites integrating directly into the axon. Where APs are initiated in the axons of invertebrate neurons is unclear. Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels are a functional hallmark of the axonal initial segment in vertebrates. We used an intronicMinos-Mediated Integration Cassette to determine the endogenous gene expression and subcellular localization of the sole NaVchannel in both male and femaleDrosophila,para. Despite being the only NaVchannel in the fly, we show that only 23 ± 1% of neurons in the embryonic and larval CNS expresspara, while in the adult CNSparais broadly expressed. We generated a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the whole third instar larval brain to identifyparaexpressing neurons and show that it positively correlates with markers of differentiated, actively firing neurons. Therefore, only 23 ± 1% of larval neurons may be capable of firing NaV-dependent APs. We then show that Para is enriched in an axonal segment, distal to the site of dendritic integration into the axon, which we named the distal axonal segment (DAS). The DAS is present in multiple neuron classes in both the third instar larval and adult CNS. Whole cell patch clamp electrophysiological recordings of adult CNS fly neurons are consistent with the interpretation that Nav-dependent APs originate in the DAS. Identification of the distal NaVlocalization in fly neurons will enable more accurate interpretation of electrophysiological recordings in invertebrates.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe site of action potential (AP) initiation in invertebrates is unknown. We tagged the sole voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channel in the fly,para, and identified that Para is enriched at a distal axonal segment. The distal axonal segment is located distal to where dendrites impinge on axons and is the likely site of AP initiation. Understanding where APs are initiated improves our ability to model neuronal activity and our interpretation of electrophysiological data. Additionally,parais only expressed in 23 ± 1% of third instar larval neurons but is broadly expressed in adults. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the third instar larval brain shows thatparaexpression correlates with the expression of active, differentiated neuronal markers. Therefore, only 23 ± 1% of third instar larval neurons may be able to actively fire NaV-dependent APs.
KODĖL BALTIJOS ŠALYS NEDEVALVAVO VALIUTOS: POLITINIS POŽIŪRIS
Authors: Kuokštis Vytautas 
Published: September 2020

Straipsnyje siekiama atsakyti, kodėl Baltijos šalys per 2008 m. jose prasidėjusią ekonomikos krizę pasirinko „vidinės devalvacijos“, o ne „išorinės“ (valiutos) devalvacijos kelią. Pradžioje apibūdinama Baltijos šalių situacija ir dvi alternatyvos, kurias buvo galima pasirinkti. Teigiama, kad ekonominiai ir struktūriniai veiksniai negali iki galo paaiškinti Baltijos valstybių sprendimo. Toliau, remiantis teorine literatūra, formuluojamos kelios pagrindinės politinės aiškinimo perspektyvos, orientuotos į išorės veiksnius, visuomenę (plačiosios visuomenės ir gamintojų grupių interesai), taip pat institucinė perspektyva. Kokybinė atvejo analizė atskleidžia, kad Baltijos šalių sprendimas nebuvo nulemtas išorės veiksnių, bet atspindėjo stiprų vidaus konsensusą dėl fiksuoto valiutos kurso išlaikymo svarbos. Savo ruožtu šis konsensusas rėmėsi tiek plačiu visuomenės, tiek gamintojų grupių palaikymu. Vis dėlto į visuomenę orientuota perspektyva taip pat negali iki galo paaiškinti keliamo klausimo – tam reikalinga institucinė perspektyva, atsižvelgianti į istorinį fiksuoto valiutos kurso sistemų sukūrimo ir įtvirtinimo kontekstą. Bėgant laikui, sustiprėjo šią instituciją palaikančios jėgos tiek idėjinėje plotmėje (su valstybingumu susijusios idėjos ir įsitikinimai apie priežastinius ryšius), tiek materialinėje plotmėje (įsiskolinimas užsienio valiuta). Paskutinės krizės metu taip pat išryškėjo tendencijos, kurios stiprino institucinę pusiausvyrą, palaikančią fiksuoto valiutos kurso režimą.
the Irradiation of Two Cases of Gliosarcoma: Place and Modalities of Radiotherapy
Authors: Dr. Rajae En Nouichi  , Dr. Ghita Chbihi Hassani  , Dr. F. Allouche  , Dr. Mohamed Ait Erraisse  , Dr. Z. Alami  , Dr. Fz. Farhane  , Pr. T. Bouhafa  , Pr. K. Hassouni  
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Gliosarcoma is a rare histopathologic variant of glioblastoma traditionally associated with a poor prognosis.We present two cases of Gliosarcoma treated in our department.
Discussion: Gliosarcoma (GSM) is a variant of glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor that occurs in adults. GSM is characterized by its biphasic components: the gliomatous and sarcomatous components and categorized into primary and secondary GSM. Intrinsic to the brain parenchyma, GSM is usually managed by gross total resection, and radiotherapy with/without chemotherapy.
Conclusion: Despite the notable advances and improvement in overall survival (OS), a consensus on the optimal treatment for GSM patients is unclear.
Transverses Abdominis Plane Block Versus Trocar Site Infiltration in Gynecologic Laparoscopy An Observational Study
Authors: Insha Qureshi  , Kaiser Ahmad  , Omar Masood  
Published: September 2020

Background and Aims: Laparoscopic surgery is nowadays gold standard procedure undertaken for various surgical procedures and people prefer laparoscopic approach but the effective analgesic regimen for such patients has not been devised and anaesthesiologists prefer multimodal regimes. Despite the minimally invasive nature of this procedure, patients experience a considerable amount of pain in the first 24 h postoperatively. In our study, we are comparing the degrees of pain relief with TAP block vs Trocar site infiltration using VAS, the duration of postoperative analgesia achieve by TAP block and compare it with Trocar site infiltration and total consumption of rescue analgesia consumed in first 24 hours postoperatively in patients undergoing gynaecologic Laparoscopic surgeries. Methods: After obtaining approval from the hospital Ethical committee and written informed consent from patients, this observational study was undertaken at the Government Lalla Ded Hospital which is one of the associated hospitals of Government Medical College, Srinagar during routine hours on 100 patients posted for elective Gynecological Laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia. A total sample size of 100 patients (n= 50) for each group was calculated using PASSE (power and sample estimation) for study design and analysis. Assuming 30% improvement in pain score with error of 0.05 (i.e. 5% of DOF (degree of freedom). Results: Visual analogue scale at different time intervals were statistically significantly lower at all times in Group A than Group B p-value (p<0.05). The time to first request for analgesia was higher in group A as compared to group B with statistical difference among the study groups p-value (p<0.05).
Conclusion: As a promising novel post-operative pain treatment procedure, TAP block is cost effective and one of the safest, easiest and the most effective supplemental techniques as part of analgesic regimen. It improves pain scores in gynecologic laparoscopy.
A Review for Artificial Intelligence Proving to Fight Against COVID-19 Pandemic and Prefatory Health Policy
Authors: Kim Hyunjo , Gyoonhee Han  , Jae-Hoon Song  
Published: September 2020

The aim of the present study is to discuss the various aspects of modern technology used to fight against COVID-19 outbreak crisis at different scales, including medical image processing, disease tracking, prediction outcomes, computational biology and medicines. A progressive search of the database related to modern technology towards COVID-19 pandemic is made. Further, a brief review is done on the extracted information by assessing the various aspects of modern technologies for tackling COVID-19 pandemic. We provide a window of thoughts on review of the technology advances used to decrease and smother the substantial impact of the outburst. However, there are still constrained applications and contributions of technology in this fight although different studies relating to modern technology towards COVID-19 pandemic have come up yet. The modern technology on-going progress has contributed in improving people’s lives. Hence, there is a solid conviction that validated research plans including artificial intelligence will be of significant advantage in helping people to fight this infection.

Key words: COVID-19 pandemic, artificial intelligence (AI), molecular modeling, drug repurposing, vaccines, health infrastructure systems (HIS)
The incidence of frailty and its relationship with long-term survival in patients with heart failure and implanted cardiac resynchronization therapy devices
Authors: Soldatova A. M. , Kuznetsov V. A. , Bogdanova D. S. , Benzineb F. T. 
Published: September 2020

Aim. To assess long-term survival depending on the presence and severity of frailty in patients with heart failure (HF) and implanted cardiac resynchronization therapy devices.Material and methods. We examined 77 patients (men — 74%, women — 26%, mean age 58,7±10,7 years) with NYHA class II-IV HF. The follow-up period was 42,4±27,1 months. On the basis of 31 parameters (medical history, diagnostic tests, questionnaire survey of physical activity limitations), a frailty index was calculated. Depending on the index value, the patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n=41) — <0,375 (no frailty), group 2 (n=36) — ≥0,375 (patients with frailty).Results. Long-term survival of patients in group 1 was 87,8%, in group 2 — 52,8% (Log rank p<0,001). According to the univariate analysis, the presence of frailty was significantly associated with long-term mortality (odds ratio (OR) 6,108; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2,207-16,907; p<0,001). When sex, age, left ventricular ejection fraction, left bundle branch block, QRS duration, left ventricular volume were included in the multivariate analysis, the presence of frailty remained a significant predictor of long-term mortality (OR 5,763; 95% CI 1,837-18,083; p=0,003).Conclusion. Frailty has an independent effect on the long-term all-cause death risk in patients with HF and implanted cardiac resynchronization therapy devices.
Features and hospital outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with calcification of target coronary arteries
Authors: Akchurin R. S. , Shiryaev A. A. , Vasiliev V. P. , Galyautdinov D. M. , Vlasova E. E. , Fedotenkov I. S. , Kurbanov S. K. , Mayorov G. B. 
Published: September 2020

Aim. To compare strategy and early results of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with and without calcification of target coronary arteries (TCA).Material and methods. The prospective study analyzed the data of patients (n=462) who underwent elective isolated CABG in 2017-2018 using cardiopulmonary bypass and microsurgery. Two groups were distinguished: group 1 — patients with TCA calcification (n=108), group 2 — patients without TCA calcification (n=354). In cases where the distal coronary artery lesion did not allow standard bypass grafting, additional complex anastomoses were provided. A comparison of intraoperative parameters and early results of CABG was carried out.Results. In groups 1 and 2, the revascularization index did not differ significantly and was 4,5 and 4,3, respectively. The frequency of complex surgical interventions in group 1 was higher: for example, ‘Y’ grafts were used in groups 1 and 2, respectively, in 32% (35/108) and 12% (44/354), p<0,05; sequential anastomoses in 14% (15/108) and 7% (26/354), p<0,05; prolonged patch-angioplasty — in 21% (23/108) and 5% (16/354), p<0,05; anastomoses with arteries <1,5 mm in diameter — in 33% (36/108) and 4% (14/354), p<0,05; coronary endarterectomy in 17% (18/108) and 5% (16/354), p<0,05, respectively. The duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was longer in group 1. At the same time, the hospital clinical results did not differ significantly: mortality was not registered; the frequency of perioperative myocardial infarction was 1,8% (group 1) and 1,1% (group 2); the need for inotropes, frequency of arrhythmia, length of stay in the intensive care unit and hospital were similar; there were no cases of in-hospital angina recurrence.Conclusion. CABG in patients with calcification of TCA is associated with surgical challenges and need for complex adjunct techniques. Nevertheless, complete surgical revascularization is real in these cases, and the hospital results are comparable to those in patients without calcification.
Cost analysis of dual antiplatelet therapy with prasugrel and ticagrelor in patients with acute coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Dyakov I. N. , Ushkalova E. A. 
Published: September 2020

Aim. To conduct a cost analysis of using novel inhibitors of P2Y 12 (prasugrel and ticagrelor) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the Russian healthcare system.Material and methods. The analysis was performed using the design of a comparative study of prasugrel and ticagrelor ISAR-REACT 5. The loading and maintenance doses of the drugs, the percentage of patients who stopped therapy and the median duration of administration before withdrawal were taken into account. The cost of treating clinical events associated with the primary and secondary endpoints was estimated according to the data on diagnosis-related groups for 2020. The cost of hospitalization was calculated as the average of the cost of treating various diseases, taking into account the base rate for a hospital. The result was expressed as the weighted average cost per patient for 1 year (365 days). The maintenance dose used in calculations was 10 mg/day for prasugrel and 90 mg 2 times/day for ticagrelor.Results. Prasugrel is less expensive for use than ticagrelor. For 1-year therapy, the difference is 8386,31 rubles or 10,57%. The proportion of using prasugrel in 2019 was only 2,17%. With the current ratio of using ticagrelor and prasugrel, the budgetary pressures of therapy corresponding to 19,382.7 patient-years will amount to 1,534 billion rubles. An increase in the proportion of prasugrel leads to a decrease in the total expenses of managing patients with ACS after percutaneous coronary intervention who require antiplatelet therapy. With the complete replacement of ticagrelor with prasugrel, the savings will be 10,36% or 159,03 million rubles. With an increase in the proportion of prasugrel, the total expenses will decrease, and with a complete replacement of ticagrelor with prasugrel, the savings compared to using only ticagrelor will amount to 1,353.7 million rubles.Conclusion. The analysis showed that the use of prasugrel in the population is less costly in the healthcare system. However, the result obtained is relevant only with price changes for one of the drugs not exceeding 10% and not relevant with multidirectional simultaneous changes in prices for compared drugs. Increasing the proportion of prasugrel and replacing it with ticagrelor will reduce the budgetary pressures.
A New Center, Isparta City Hospital Open Heart Surgery: Result of first 106 Cases
Authors: ÇELİK Ersin , ÇORA Ahmet , KARADEM Kadir Burhan , YILDIRIM Murat , DÜVER Harun , YÜKSEK Mehmet Ali , GÜLMEN Şenol 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: First 106 open heart operation cases evaluated in Isparta City Hospital Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic.
Material and Method: One hundred and six open heart surgery patients from may 2018 to june 2019 were evaluated retrospectively. 32 (30.2%) were female and 74 (69.8%) were male with the mean age is 64±10. Totally 5 (4.7%) were valve and 101 (95.3%) were coronary artery bypass grafting, 5 (5%) of these cases were emergent operation.
Results: Overall mortality was 5(4.7%). Reoperation rate was 4 (3.8%) ; 2 (1.9%) reoperated for haemorragia, 1 (0.9%) for ventricular arhytmia and 1 (0.9%) reoperated for late sternal dehissence after 1 week of the first operation. Neurologic complication was 4 (3.8%). Glomerular filtration rate, age, ejection fraction, euroSCOREs, intensive care unit follow up days and postoperative discharging days were evaluated. In the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, intensive care unit and hospital stay periods significiantly increase but they remain normal in the presence of diabetes mellitus.
Results: Although our heart center is new onset among the city hospitals, we think that our center has a remarkable success in first 106 patients according to the morbidity and mortality rates and intensive care unit and overall hospital stay days compared to the published databases.
Further evidence for the structure of the Resilience Scale in portuguese language countries: An invariance study with brazilian and portuguese adolescents
Authors: Dias Paulo , Cadime Irene , Perim Paulo Castelar 
Published: September 2020

Especially since the last decades of the 20th century, research about resilience provided some insights into how people deal and overcome adversity in a positive way. Given the recent research history on this topic, discussion about theories and measures is still ongoing. In this study we aim to explore the structural invariance of the Wagnild and Young’s Resilience Scale (RS), one of the most widely used measures of resilience, across Portuguese and Brazilian adolescents. A sample of 969 adolescents with ages ranging between 13 and 18 years old completed the RS. A five- and a two-factor structure for the full RS version with 25 items and a one-factor structure for a RS short version, composed of 14 items, were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). After determining the best fitting structure, a multi-group CFA was performed to test the invariance of the instrument across the Portuguese and Brazilian samples. The five- and two-factor structures for the full version revealed a poor fit. The one-factor structure revealed a good fit in both samples. Moreover, evidence for the partial measurement invariance of the short version across both samples was found. Our results indicate that the RS short version can be used for cross-cultural studies of resilience in both countries and that the five- and two-factor structures might be inadequate for comparison purposes.
Cuestionamiento a la discrecionalidad en el régimen de medidas cautelares constitucionales en Ecuador
Authors: Coloma Gaibor Alfredo Sebastián 
Published: September 2020

Una realidad incómoda, pero abiertamente aceptada, es que los sistemas de justicia latinoamericanos están lejos de ser eficientes. Ecuador no es la excepción. Y no es que no se pueda obtener justicia por parte del Estado, pero la sociedad se ha convencido de que esto puede tardar en llegar. Mecanismos como las medidas cautelares buscan solventar esta dificultad relacionada a la dilación en los procesos, producto del congestionamiento en los servicios jurisdiccionales. En el entorno jurídico la respuesta a un problema puede ser la causa de muchos otros, siendo esto consecuencia de una legislación plagada de antinomias que pueden llevar al sujeto de derechos a la indefensión. Esta es la razón por la cual el presente artículo busca ser una exposición de la normativa pertinente al caso, para así conducir al lector a una discusión fundamentada sobre las implicaciones éticas y legales con respecto de las medidas cautelares.
Primero se brindará un recuento del desarrollo de medidas similares en Ecuador, después buscando aterrizar las debilidades de la normativa expuesta, se utilizará la resolución 2015-10509. Tratándose el caso de un tema relacionado con la salud, específicamente los procedimientos de diálisis, una revisión del régimen jurídico pertinente aclarará cómo se conectan las medidas cautelares con los derechos fundamentales. Subsecuentemente se retomarán los alcances de la normativa que regula esta garantía jurisdiccional y evidenciando el riesgo que comprende la discrecionalidad que desencadena en posibles abusos del derecho, posteriormente se abre paso a la crítica y a la observación de que el régimen jurídico ecuatoriano, en lo que respecta a este capítulo, atenúa su rigor. Recalcando que la delicadeza del tema radica en las facultades de una institución que permite generar prohibiciones o forzar ciertos accionares con incidencia directa sobre los ciudadanos, sin tener un procedimiento de juicio de por medio.
Imposibilidad de reconocimiento de acuerdos tácitos entre el Estado y particulares a la luz del derecho público contractual
Authors: Santamaría Robles Jenny Fernanda 
Published: September 2020

El Estado ecuatoriano últimamente ha enfrentado sendas reclamaciones de particulares que afirman haber entregado bienes, servicios u obras en favor de entidades del sector público sin que hayan mediado procedimientos precontractuales ni contractuales para el efecto. Entonces se demandan pagos pretendiendo ejecutar obligaciones provenientes de supuestas relaciones contractuales tácitas.
Las opiniones sobre este tema se encuentran divididas tanto en la academia como en los órganos jurisdiccionales. En búsqueda de la tan anhelada justicia se sostiene por una parte que se deben honrar esos pagos; mas hacerlo involucraría indefectiblemente la validación del incumplimiento de la ley.
Este trabajo pretende discutir sobre si es posible que se reconozcan este tipo de acuerdos tácitos con el Estado a la luz del derecho contractual público, partiendo del análisis de los elementos esenciales del contrato administrativo. Luego, revisando el principio constitucional de libertad de trabajo y finalizando con la afectación presupuestaria sin compromiso previo a la luz del Código Orgánico de Planificación y Finanzas Públicas.
La permanencia en el cambio. El poncho como bandera de libertad
Authors: González Eliçabe Ximena 
Published: September 2020

El poncho ha sido desde tiempos remotos un elemento presente, un objeto imprescindible en la vida cotidiana del hombre americano. A través de los siglos y con distintos aportes culturales se ha convertido en símbolo de nuestra identidad.
Participó de la historia de las Naciones de América del Sur, tanto desde las Misiones Jesuíticas donde se producían para comercializarse, como en tolderías y fortines, donde brindaban protección y abrigo.
El poncho fue protagonista de una floreciente industria textil en la Argentina a comienzos del siglo XIX. Al estudiar la producción de materias primas y manufactura de estos textiles, así como las rutas comerciales desde los centros productivos hacia las metrópolis, se comprenden aspectos sociales y económicos de épocas que consolidaron la construcción de la República, acrecentando la identidad nacional. Actualmente aparece en las más importantes pasarelas internacionales y la moda en la calle también da testimonio de su aceptación como tendencia. Jóvenes diseñadores argentinos se proyectan en el mundo del diseño global, orgullosos de su identidad, incorporando ponchos en sus colecciones, con materias primas y tejidos novedosos, buscando nuevos usos posibles para esta tipología que no reconoce rubros ni protocolos.