bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women's attitudes and understanding of cervical cancer and the new National Cervical Screening Program
Authors: Nagendiram Archana , Bidgood Rachel , Banks Jennifer , Heal Clare 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIssues addressedThe new National Cervical Screening Program (NCSP) has recently been implemented. Little research is available on women's attitudes towards the program. This study aims to quantitatively assess Australian women's understanding and attitudes towards the new guidelines and their barriers to screening.MethodAuthors designed a cross‐sectional survey which was piloted and distributed as a waiting room survey to eligible women who attended a private general practice in North Queensland.ResultsOf the respondents, 53.8% had accurate knowledge of the new NCSP. Most participants (75.8%) believed they were not provided sufficient information about the NCSP and 60.2% wished to receive this information from their general practitioner. The screening test itself remains an issue, with embarrassment and discomfort listed as the most common barriers to screening.ConclusionMany women do not have accurate knowledge of the new NCSP. Further health promotion in this area is warranted, where the general practitioner may play a key role.So what?While the new NCSP will lead to further reduction in cervical cancer mortality, it appears from the data that women did not fully understand cervical cancer and its screening. This suggests the need for further health education to women about updated screening guidelines.
Examining mentors as buffers of burnout for employees high in neuroticism
Authors: Varghese Lebena S. , Rogers Arielle P. , Finkelstein Lisa , Barber Larissa K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHuman resource development (HRD) practitioners often implement mentoring programs for the purpose of fostering employee career growth and satisfaction. This study examines a less widely researched function of mentoring—to mitigate employee burnout. Specifically, this study examines mentoring as a buffer of relations between employee neuroticism and burnout symptoms. We also examined the differential effect of mentoring functions (i.e., psychosocial support and career‐related support) on relations between neuroticism and burnout dimensions (i.e., emotional exhaustion and cognitive weariness). Survey data were collected from 325 employees from a diverse set of occupations. Self‐report measures assessed trait neuroticism, burnout, the presence of mentoring (formal or informal), and the nature of support received from mentors (i.e., psychosocial and career‐related support). Psychosocial support and career‐related support were negatively associated with burnout. Moderation analyses found weaker relationships between neuroticism and burnout for individuals who received mentoring. Furthermore, psychosocial and career‐related support delivered by mentors differentially mitigated emotional exhaustion and cognitive weariness, respectively. Exploratory analyses found that among individuals who had a formal mentor, self‐reported levels of neuroticism no longer predicted burnout. Overall, findings suggest that both psychosocial and career‐related support provided by mentors may help decrease levels of burnout. Furthermore, HRD practitioners may implement mentoring programs not only as a career‐enhancing tool but also as an intervention to improve employee well‐being and help employees who might be particularly prone to burnout (i.e., those high in neuroticism).
Isotope‐aided modelling of ecohydrologic fluxes and water ages under mixed land use in Central Europe: The 2018 drought and its recovery
Authors: Smith Aaron , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Kleine Lukas , Maneta Marco P. , Soulsby Chris 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the interactions of vegetation and soil water under varying hydrological conditions is crucial to aid quantitative assessment of land‐use sustainability for maintaining water supply for humans and plants. Isolating and estimating the volume and ages of water stored within different compartments of the critical zone, and the associated fluxes of evaporation, transpiration, and groundwater recharge, facilitates quantification of these soil–plant‐water interactions and the response of ecohydrological fluxes to wet and dry periods. We used the tracer‐aided ecohydrological model EcH2O‐iso to examine the response of water ages of soil water storage, groundwater recharge, evaporation, and root‐uptake at a mixed land use site, in northeastern Germany during the drought of 2018 and in the following winter months. The approach applied uses a dynamic vegetation routine which constrains water use by ecological mechanisms. Two sites with regionally typical land‐use types were investigated: a forested site with sandy soils and a deep rooting zone and a grassland site, with loamier soils and shallower rooting zone. This results in much younger water ages (<1 year) through the soil profile in the forest compared to the grass, coupled with younger groundwater recharge. The higher water use in the forest resulted in a more pronounced annual cycle of water ages compared to the more consistent water age in the loamier soil of the grasslands. The deeper rooting zone of the forested site also resulted in older root‐uptake water usage relative to soil evaporation, while the grassland site root‐uptake was similar to that of soil evaporation. Besides more dynamic water ages in the forest, replenishment of younger soil waters to soil storage was within 6 months following the drought (cf. >8 months in the grassland). The temporal evaluation of the responsiveness of soil and vegetation interactions in hydrologic extremes such as 2018 is essential to understand changes in hydrological processes and the resilience of the landscape to the longer and more severe summer droughts predicted under future climate change.
Molecular and pathological basis of HPV‐negative cervical adenocarcinoma seen in a global study
Authors: Jenkins David , Molijn Anco , Kazem Siamaque , Pirog Edyta C , Alemany Laia , de Sanjosé Silvia , Dinjens Winand , Quint Wim 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInternational surveys find HPV‐negativity in up to 30% of cervical adenocarcinomas. We investigated the pathological diagnosis by expert consensus with immunohistochemistry and the presence of somatic mutations in recognised tumour genes in HPV‐positive and negative cervical adenocarcinomas (CADC). A sample was selected of 45 paraffin‐embedded cervical blocks diagnosed locally as usual cervical adenocarcinoma from a global study. These represented different diagnoses made at previous diagnostic review and HPV status. All were suitable for analysis for somatic tumour associated gene mutations. Three pathologists examined H/E slides and immunohistochemistry for p16, progesterone receptor and p53 and classified the cases. L1 genes from high‐risk HPVs and low‐risk HPVs were analysed by SPF10 PCR‐DEIA‐LiPA25 version 1 in whole tissue sections and microdissected tumour and retested by PCR for E6/E7 genes of hrHPVs if negative. Cases were analysed for microsatellite instability and next‐generation sequencing mutation analysis. From the 45 cases, 20 cases of usual CADC were confirmed of which 17 (85%) were HPV‐positive in tumour cells. The other 25 cases were reclassified as endometrial, serous, clear‐cell and gastric‐type adenocarcinomas and all were HPV‐negative in tumour cells. Careful retesting for HPV DNA and IHC leads to more accurate identification of HPV‐positive usual cervical adenocarcinomas. Endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinomas, other uterine adenocarcinoma with multiple somatic mutations were important in misclassification of HPV‐negative cases locally managed as cervical adenocarcinoma, as was gastric‐type adenocarcinoma with germline STK11 mutation in East Asia. Few consensuses confirmed HPV‐negative usual cervical adenocarcinomas showed somatic tumorigenic mutations also seen in some HPV‐positive usual CADC.
Imaging the invisible—Bioorthogonal Raman probes for imaging of cells and tissues
Authors: Azemtsop Matanfack Georgette , Rüger Jan , Stiebing Clara , Schmitt Michael , Popp Jürgen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA revolutionary avenue for vibrational imaging with super‐multiplexing capability can be seen in the recent development of Raman‐active bioortogonal tags or labels. These tags and isotopic labels represent groups of chemically inert and small modifications, which can be introduced to any biomolecule of interest and then supplied to single cells or entire organisms. Recent developments in the field of spontaneous Raman spectroscopy and stimulated Raman spectroscopy in combination with targeted imaging of biomolecules within living systems are the main focus of this review. After having introduced common strategies for bioorthogonal labeling, we present applications thereof for profiling of resistance patterns in bacterial cells, investigations of pharmaceutical drug‐cell interactions in eukaryotic cells and cancer diagnosis in whole tissue samples. Ultimately, this approach proves to be a flexible and robust tool for in vivo imaging on several length scales and provides comparable information as fluorescence‐based imaging without the need of bulky fluorescent tags.
Cross‐scanning optical coherence tomography angiography for eye motion correction
Authors: Kim Hyung‐Jin , Song Byeong Joo , Choi Youngwoon , Kim Beop‐Min 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe propose a cross‐scanning optical coherence tomography (CS‐OCT) system to correct eye motion artifacts in OCT angiography images. This system employs a dual‐illumination configuration with two orthogonally polarized beams, each of which simultaneously perform raster scanning in perpendicular direction with each other over the same area. In the reference arm, a polarization delay unit is used to acquire the two orthogonally polarized interferograms with a single photo detector by introducing different optical delay lines. The two cross‐scanned volume data are affected by the same eye motion but in two orthogonal directions. We developed a motion correction algorithm, which removes artifacts in the slow axis of each angiogram using the other and merges them through a nonrigid registration algorithm. In this manner, we obtained a motion‐corrected angiogram within a single volume scanning time without additional eye‐tracking devices.
Novel degradation flow‐through chamber for in vitro biomaterial characterization
Authors: Kruppke Benjamin , Weiß Jonas , Rößler Sina , Heinemann Christiane , Hanke Thomas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe characterization of degradation of biodegradable materials for tissue regeneration is classically carried out in three steps: in vitro degradation analysis, in vitro cell culture, and in vivo animal experiments. Each step involves an increasing complexity and should serve a more sophisticated material selection, which serves as an orientation to clinical studies and the final application in patients. Recently, the usefulness of degradation analyses is being discussed. In this context, the aim of this work is to increase the importance of in vitro degradation analysis by using flowing media to move closer to the in vivo situation. In the long term, this should lead to a more sensitive biomaterial characterization as well as to a replacement of time‐consuming static or quasi‐dynamic incubation experiments. The practicability of the novel chamber is demonstrated in context of a degradation study of silica/collagen/calcium phosphate composites in flowing media with physiological (2.4 mM) and lowered (0.5 mM) calcium ion concentrations. This is done by comparison with static and quasi‐dynamic incubation experiments. In order to keep all media regimes comparable to each other, for the dynamic experiment, a flow rate was chosen equivalent to the medium exchange in quasi‐dynamic incubation. Under flow‐through conditions, there is a clearly decreased tendency to lower the calcium concentration, so that a concentration close to the physiological initial situation can be continuously maintained.
A four‐long noncoding RNA signature predicts survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Jiang Haitao , Zhao Lianhe , Chen Yunjie , Sun Liang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common neoplasm located in the liver. Accumulating evidence has highlighted that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are correlated with the survival of HCC patients. This study focuses on finding a lncRNA signature to predict the prognostic risk of HCC patients.MethodsStatistical and machine learning analyses were conducted to analyze the lncRNA expression data and corresponding clinical data of 180 HCC patients collected from the public online Tanric and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases.ResultsFrom the training dataset, we obtained the four‐lncRNA model comprising RP11‐495K9.6, RP11‐96O20.2, RP11‐359K18.3, and LINC00556 which can divide HCC patients into two different groups with significantly different prognosis (n = 90, median 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50‐4.91 vs 8.56 years, 95% CI: 6.96‐9.97, log‐rank test P < .001). The test dataset confirmed the prognostic ability of the signature (n = 90, median 1.95, 95% CI: 1.14‐4.08 vs 5.80 years, 95% CI: 3.11‐6.82, log‐rank test P = .007). Receiver operating characteristic curve displayed the better prediction efficiency of the four‐lncRNA signature than the tumor/node/metastasis stage. Cox analysis showed the four‐lncRNA signature was an independent predictor of HCC prognosis.ConclusionThe four‐lncRNA signature can be used as an independent biomarker for HCC patients to predict the prognostic risk.
miR‐34a/c induce caprine endometrial epithelial cell apoptosis by regulating circ‐8073/CEP55 via the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways
Authors: Liu Xiaorui , Zhang Lei , Yang Lichun , Cui Jiuzeng , Che Sicheng , Liu Yuexia , Han Jincheng , An Xiaopeng , Cao Binyun , Song Yuxuan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractmicroRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important for endometrial receptivity establishment and embryo implantation in mammals. miR‐34a and miR‐34c are highly expressed in caprine receptive endometrium (RE). Herein, the functions and mechanisms of miR‐34a/c in caprine endometrial epithelial cell (CEEC) apoptosis and RE establishment were investigated. miR‐34a/c downregulated the expression level of centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55) and were sponged by circRNA8073 (circ‐8073), thereby exhibiting a negative interaction in CEEC. miR‐34a/c induced CEEC apoptosis by targeting circ‐8073/CEP55 through the regulation of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and phosphoitide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Positive and negative feedback loops and cross‐talk were documented between the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. miR‐34a/c regulated the levels of RE marker genes, including forkhead box M1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and osteopontin (OPN). These results suggest that miR‐34a/c not only induce CEEC apoptosis by binding to circ‐8073 and CEP55 via the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, but may also regulate RE establishment in dairy goats.
The proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and TNF‐α modulate corneal epithelial wound healing through p16Ink4a suppressing STAT3 activity
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Zhang Songmei , Dong Muchen , Li Yunqiu , Zhou Qingjun , Yang Lingling 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe proinflammatory cytokines interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) are involved in the corneal inflammatory response and wound healing following corneal injuries. However, the mechanism by which proinflammatory cytokines modulate corneal epithelial wound healing remains unclear. In this study, we found that IL‐1β or TNF‐α was transiently elevated during corneal epithelial wound healing in mice. After corneal epithelial debridement, persistent treatment with IL‐1β or TNF‐α restrained the level of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p‐STAT3) and boosted the level of cell cycle inhibitor p16Ink4a, resulting in impaired corneal epithelial repair. When p16Ink4a was deleted, the p‐STAT3 level in corneal epithelium was enhanced and corneal epithelial wound healing was clearly accelerated. In diabetic mice, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and p16Ink4a appeared a sustained and strong expression in the corneal epithelium, and p16Ink4a knockdown partially reverted the defective diabetic corneal epithelial repair. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation proved that p16Ink4a interacted with p‐STAT3 and thus possibly suppressed the STAT3 activity. Our findings revealed a novel mechanism that the proinflammatory cytokines modulate corneal epithelial wound healing via the p16Ink4a‐STAT3 signaling.
Emerging roles of autophagy in hepatic tumorigenesis and therapeutic strategies in glycogen storage disease type Ia: A review
Authors: Cho Jun‐Ho , Weinstein David A. , Lee Young Mok 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGlycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD‐Ia) is an inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency in glucose‐6‐phosphatase‐α (G6Pase‐α or G6PC) which plays a critical role in blood glucose homeostasis by catalyzing the hydrolysis of glucose‐6‐phosphate (G6P) to glucose and phosphate in the terminal step of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Patients with GSD‐Ia manifest life‐threatening fasting hypoglycemia along with the excessive accumulation of hepatic glycogen and triglycerides which results in hepatomegaly and a risk of long‐term complications such as hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma (HCA/HCC). The etiology of HCA/HCC development in GSD‐Ia, however, is unknown. Recent studies have shown that the livers in model animals of GSD‐Ia display impairment of autophagy, a cellular recycling process which is critical for energy metabolism and cellular homeostasis. However, molecular mechanisms of autophagy impairment and its involvement in pathogenesis in GSD‐Ia are still under investigation. Here, we summarize the latest advances for signaling pathways implicated in hepatic autophagy impairment and the roles of autophagy in hepatic tumorigenesis in GSD‐Ia. In addition, recent evidence has illustrated that autophagy plays an important role in hepatic metabolism and liver‐directed gene therapy mediated by recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV). Therefore, we highlight the possible role of hepatic autophagy in metabolic control and rAAV‐mediated gene therapy for GSD‐Ia. In this review, we also provide potential therapeutic strategies for GSD‐Ia on the basis of molecular mechanisms underlying hepatic autophagy impairment in GSD‐Ia.
Mepitel Film is superior to Biafine cream in managing acute radiation‐induced skin reactions in head and neck cancer patients: a randomised intra‐patient controlled clinical trial
Authors: Yan Jing , Yuan Ling , Wang Juan , Li Shuangshuang , Yao Mengdi , Wang Kongcheng , Herst Patries M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe previously showed that Mepitel Film decreased the severity of acute radiation‐induced skin reactions in head and neck cancer patients. In the current study, we compared the effect of Mepitel Film and Biafine cream on skin reaction severity in a larger cohort of head and neck cancer patients.MethodsA total of 44 head and neck cancer patients were recruited with 39 patients contributing full data sets for analysis. Patients received a dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions to the bilateral lymph nodes in the neck. Left and right lymph node areas were randomised to either Mepitel Film or Biafine cream, applied prophylactically. Skin reaction severity was measured using Radiation‐Induced Skin Reaction Assessment Scale (RISRAS) and expanded Radiation Oncology group (RTOG) grades. Skin dose was measured using gafchromic Film.ResultsSkin reaction severity (combined RISRAS score) underneath Mepitel Film was decreased by 30% (P < 0.001) and moist desquamation rates by 41% (P < 0.001). Skin dose underneath Mepitel Film and Biafine cream was similar (P = 0.925) and unlikely to have affected skin reaction severity. The vast majority (80%) of patients preferred Mepitel Film over Biafine cream. Negative aspects of Mepitel Film included poor adherence (11/39) and discomfort (16/39) during hot weather and showering and itchy skin underneath Mepitel Film (12/39).ConclusionsMepitel Film was superior to Biafine cream in reducing the severity of acute radiation‐induced skin reactions and moist desquamation incidence in our head and neck patient cohort.
Transcriptional activity of vitamin D receptor in human periodontal ligament cells is diminished under inflammatory conditions
Authors: Blufstein Alice , Behm Christian , Kubin Barbara , Gahn Johannes , Moritz Andreas , Rausch‐Fan Xiaohui , Andrukhov Oleh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough vitamin D3 deficiency is considered as a risk factor for periodontitis, supplementation during periodontal treatment has not been shown to be beneficial to date. Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) are regulated by vitamin D3 and play a fundamental role in periodontal tissue homeostasis and inflammatory response in periodontitis. The aim of this study is to investigate possible alterations of the vitamin D3 activity in hPDLCs under inflammatory conditions.MethodsCells isolated from six different donors were treated with either 1,25(OH)2D3 (0 to 10 nM) or 25(OH)D3 (0 to 100 nM) in the presence and absence of ultrapure or standard Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PgLPS), Pam3CSK4, or interferon‐γ for 48 hours. Additionally, nuclear factor (NF)‐κB inhibition was performed with BAY 11‐7082. The bioactivity of vitamin D in hPDLCs was assessed based on the gene expression levels of vitamin D receptor (VDR)‐regulated genes osteocalcin and osteopontin. Additionally, VDR and CYP27B1 expression levels were measured.ResultsThe vitamin D3‐induced increase of osteocalcin and osteopontin expression was significantly decreased in the presence of standard PgLPS and Pam3CSK4, which was not observed by ultrapure PgLPS. Interferon‐y had diverse effects on the response of hPDLCs to vitamin D3 metabolites. NF‐kB inhibition abolished the effects of standard PgLPS and Pam3CSK4. Standard PgLPS and Pam3CSK4 increased VDR expression in the presence of vitamin D3. CYP27B1 expression was not affected by vitamin D3 and inflammatory conditions.ConclusionsThis study indicates that the transcriptional activity of VDR is diminished under inflammatory conditions, which might mitigate the effectiveness of vitamin D3 supplementation during periodontal treatment.