bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Results Are Positive for Both Sides in the Great Majority of Cases When Organ Donor Families and Their Recipients Decide to Communicate with Each Other, US Experience in Tens of Thousands of Cases Shows
Authors: Green Reg 
Published: November 2020

Many countries restrict the ability of organ donor families and their recipients to communicate with each other; many make it virtually impossible. These restrictions were made for the best of reasons, mainly because of fears that one side or the other might suffer psychological damage. In the United States, however, for more than 25 years, communication has been strongly encouraged if both parties want it and under conditions set by their medical advisers. In literally tens of thousands of cases, a great majority of those contacts, which can range from the exchange of anonymous letters to face-to-face meetings, have proved to be therapeutic for both sides and significant problems have been very rare. Indeed, it is the families who are kept apart who may suffer most. The author is an American journalist, whose seven-year old son was shot on a family vacation in Italy whose organs and corneas were donated there. He and his wife have met all seven recipients and everyone, he says, has benefited.
Potential Logographic Dyslexics Identified via Self-Reporting during a Questionnaire Survey in Taiwan
Authors: Sun Ying-Fang , Liao Pei-Shan 
Published: November 2020

According to the patterns of difficulties of the dyslexics that have been reported in Western societies, a questionnaire in traditional Chinese was developed to carry out initial screening among Taiwanese. The questionnaire includes 30 items with four-point scales and 7 open-ended questions. Of the 2133 copies distributed, a total of 1599 questionnaires were collected which gives a 75.0% response rate and 1442 were completed. The mean of 30-item scores collected from 1442 participants is 87.99 ± 11.9. Among these participants, 9 self-reported potential logographic dyslexics have been identified. The individual scores of 30 items of the nine subjects were at least 1 SD to 4.5 SD lower than that of their counterparts. There are two potential logographic dyslexics families show genetic influence. Since there is no standard test for dyslexics, we developed a 30-item questionnaire that can be completed in 15-20 minutes on average. The questionnaire may serve as a low cost, initial screening tool and allows the potential probands to self-report while the formal diagnosis is not available.
In VitroPropagation ofDigitalis trojanaIvanina., an Endemic Medicinal Plant of Turkey
Authors: Çördük Nurşen , Aki Cüneyt 
Published: November 2020

Digitalis trojana Ivanina is a member of the Plantaginaceae family and known by its common name, Helen of Troy foxglove. It is perennial endemic to Çanakkale and Balıkesir, northwestern Turkey. In order to develop an efficient shoot regeneration protocol, the leaf explants of D. trojana were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 6-benzyl adenine (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 mg/L) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/L), 3% (w/v) sucrose and 0.8% (w/v) agar. The highest number of regenerated shoots was obtained from leaf explants that were cultured on MS medium with 3.0 mg/L BA+0.1 mg/L NAA. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium without plant growth regulators. Rooted plants (2–3 cm) were separately transferred to pots containing a mixture of peat and perlite (2:1 v/v) and acclimatized successfully in a growth chamber.
A Review of Data Science and Big Data Computing
Authors: Ali Wajid , Shafique Muhammad Usman , Majeed Muhammad Arslan , Faizan Muhammad , Raza Ahmad 
Published: November 2020

Data Science emerged as an important discipline and its education is essential for success in almost every aspect of life. Here comes the age of Big data. Big data impacts all aspects of our lives and society is admitting it. Data processing and other techniques are combined to convert abundant data into valuable information for society, organizations, and people. Specific strategies and approaches are needed to provide better to educate future data scientists to overcome the challenges of Big data. In this paper, we discussed the general concept of data science, Big data, and areas of Big data computing.
Facilitators and Barriers to Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Brohi Asif Hakim , Hakim Arsalan , Wassan Shafi Muhammad , Soomro Abdul Majeed , Bhatti Wasim Sarwar , Tunio Abdul Hameed , Kumar Andeep , Baloch Nadeem , Malhani Waseem Abbas , Mangi Altaf Ali , Alahmadi Yaser M. , Baloch Kanwal , Khan Muhammad , Arain Shumaila Parveen 
Published: November 2020

Objective: To determine factors that facilitate and are barriers to self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetic patients visiting family medicine clinics at a tertiary care teaching hospital Karachi Pakistan.
Methods: Approximately 255 patients were consecutively recruited from the clinics during April 2018 to May 2019 at Family Medicine outpatient clinics at the Aga Khan University Hospital. Data on socio-demographic status, facilitators and barriers to SMBG were extracted through a questionnaire, after obtaining an informed written consent. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 19.
Results: Among study participants 47.5% were above 50 years and 51.4% were males. About 30.2% of the participants were practicing SMBG at least once a month and 26% were practicing it daily. Fear of complications was the biggest facilitator (80.1%) and being expensive (51.4%) was barrier for SMBG. Over half of the SMBG practicing participants (59.7%) were diagnosed with diabetes for more than 05 years (p: 0.63).
Conclusion: Assessment of blood glucose is a critical component of diabetes treatment and management. It can motivate patients to become active participants in their own care. Health care providers should communicate and educate the patients about the advantages of SMBG.
Experimentally based structural model of Yih1 provides insight into its function in controlling the key translational regulator Gcn2
Authors: Harjes Elena , Jameson Geoffrey B. , Tu Yi‐Hsuan , Burr Natalie , Loo Trevor S. , Goroncy Alexander K. , Edwards Patrick J.B. , Harjes Stefan , Munro Ben , Göbl Christoph , Sattlegger Evelyn , Norris Gillian E. 
Published: November 2020

Yeast impact homolog 1 (Yih1), or IMPACT in mammals, is part of a conserved regulatory module controlling the activity of General Control Nonderepressible 2 (Gcn2), a protein kinase that regulates protein synthesis. Yih1/IMPACT is implicated not only in many essential cellular processes, such as neuronal development, immune system regulation and the cell cycle, but also in cancer. Gcn2 must bind to Gcn1 in order to impair the initiation of protein translation. Yih1 hinders this key Gcn1‐Gcn2 interaction by binding to Gcn1, thus preventing Gcn2‐mediated inhibition of protein synthesis. Here, we solved the structures of the two domains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yih1 separately using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and determined the relative positions of the two domains using a range of biophysical methods. Our findings support a compact structural model of Yih1 in which the residues required for Gcn1 binding are buried in the interface. This model strongly implies that Yih1 undergoes a large conformational rearrangement from a latent closed state to a primed open state to bind Gcn1. Our study provides structural insight into the interactions of Yih1 with partner molecules.
Exploring the use of rapport in professional information‐gathering contexts by systematically mapping the evidence base
Authors: Gabbert Fiona , Hope Lorraine , Luther Kirk , Wright Gordon , Ng Magdalene , Oxburgh Gavin 
Published: November 2020

SummaryA growing body of research illustrates consensus between researchers and practitioners that developing rapport facilitates cooperation and disclosure in a range of professional information gathering contexts. In such contexts, rapport behaviors are often intentionally used in an attempt to facilitate a positive interaction with another adult, which may or may not result in genuine mutual rapport. To examine how rapport has been manipulated and measured in professional contexts we systematically mapped the relevant evidence‐base in this field. For each of the 35 studies that met our inclusion criteria, behaviors associated with building rapport were coded in relation to whether they were verbal, non‐verbal, or para‐verbal. Methods to measure rapport were also coded and recorded, as were different types of disclosure. A Searchable Systematic Map was produced to catalogue key study characteristics. Discussion focuses on the underlying intention of the rapport behaviors that featured most frequently across studies.
Mission independent fault‐tolerant control of heterogeneous linear multiagent systems based on adaptive virtual actuator
Authors: Yadegar Meysam , Meskin Nader 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIn this article, a fault‐tolerant control (FTC) scheme for linear multiagent systems (MASs) subject to time‐varying loss of effectiveness and time‐varying additive actuator faults as well as external disturbance is investigated. The main objective of the proposed FTC approach is to keep the performance of an MAS after the occurrence of actuator faults similar to the healthy one. The envisaged adaptive virtual actuator for each agent does not require a separate fault detection, isolation, and identification unit nor does it require any information regarding the mission of the MAS. It is shown that the difference between the states of each agent before and after the occurrence of actuator faults can be made arbitrary small and the ultimate bounds of the state error are also obtained. Furthermore, it is shown that for constant actuator faults the state error of each agent converges to zero. Simulation results corresponding to a team of F‐8 aircraft and a heterogeneous MAS with the different order demonstrate and illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed FTC scheme.
Switched sampled output adaptive observer design for a class of switched nonlinearly parameterized systems under asynchronous switching
Authors: Liu Qian , Zhao Jun 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIn this article, a switched sampled output adaptive observer for a class of switched nonlinearly parameterized systems is designed. Since the switching may occur during the sampling intervals while the sampled output only updates at sampling instants, the asynchronous switching phenomenon arises. Then, a collection of matched and mismatched corrective terms are introduced to deal with the asynchronous switching phenomenon based on sampled outputs and the designed observer. Moreover, some sufficient conditions are derived to achieve the boundedness of observation and parameter estimation errors based on an improved average dwell time method. Finally, the effectiveness of the theoretical result in this article is demonstrated through a simulation example.
Multifunctional Enhancement for Highly Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cai Yuan , Cui Jian , Chen Ming , Zhang Miaomiao , Han Yu , Qian Fang , Zhao Huan , Yang Shaomin , Yang Zhou , Bian Hongtao , Wang Tao , Guo Kunpeng , Cai Molang , Dai Songyuan , Liu Zhike , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith a certified efficiency as high as 25.2%, perovskite has taken the crown as the highest efficiency thin film solar cell material. Unfortunately, serious instability issues must be resolved before perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are commercialized. Aided by theoretical calculation, an appropriate multifunctional molecule, 2,2‐difluoropropanediamide (DFPDA), is selected to ameliorate all the instability issues. Specifically, the carbonyl groups in DFPDA form chemical bonds with Pb2+ and passivate under‐coordinated Pb2+ defects. Consequently, the perovskite crystallization rate is reduced and high‐quality films are produced with fewer defects. The amino groups not only bind with iodide to suppress ion migration but also increase the electron density on the carbonyl groups to further enhance their passivation effect. Furthermore, the fluorine groups in DFPDA form both an effective barrier on the perovskite to improve its moisture stability and a bridge between the perovskite and HTL for effective charge transport. In addition, they show an effective doping effect in the HTL to improve its carrier mobility. With the help of the combined effects of these groups in DFPDA, the PSCs with DFPDA additive achieve a champion efficiency of 22.21% and a substantially improved stability against moisture, heat, and light.
Lithium Induced Nano‐Sized Copper with Exposed Lithiophilic Surfaces to Achieve Dense Lithium Deposition for Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Qian Ji , Wang Shuo , Li Yu , Zhang Menglu , Wang Fujie , Zhao Yuanyuan , Sun Qiang , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLi metal batteries have attracted extensive research attention because of their extremely high theoretical capacity. However, the commercialization of the Li metal batteries is hindered, as uncontrolled Li dendrites growth leads to safety concerns and a low coulombic efficiency. To suppress Li dendrites growth and achieve dense Li deposition, a lithiophilic 3D Cu host is designed for Li metal anode, in which the nano‐sized Cu is in situ formed with the aid of infused Li metal. The fabricated Li metal anode exhibit a superior electrochemical stability than raw Li metal anode, and compact Li is maintained during cycling. The experimental results and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the nano‐sized Cu formed on the surface of the skeleton host shows highly exposed Cu (100) and Cu (110) surfaces, which exhibits a strong affinity toward Li, and effectively eliminates the formation of Li dendrites, leading to a dense Li deposition. With the strategy of adjusting exposed surfaces of Cu host, the optimized Li metal anode enhances the electrochemical performance of full cells, and concomitantly demonstrates their potential for future designs of next‐generation Li metal anodes or Li‐free anodes for Li metal batteries.
Misfit Layer Compounds: A Platform for Heavily Doped 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Leriche Raphaël T. , Palacio‐Morales Alexandra , Campetella Marco , Tresca Cesare , Sasaki Shunsuke , Brun Christophe , Debontridder François , David Pascal , Arfaoui Imad , Šofranko Ondrej , Samuely Tomas , Kremer Geoffroy , Monney Claude , Jaouen Thomas , Cario Laurent , Calandra Matteo , Cren Tristan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) display a rich variety of instabilities such as spin and charge orders, Ising superconductivity, and topological properties. Their physical properties can be controlled by doping in electric double‐layer field‐effect transistors (FET). However, for the case of single layer NbSe2, FET doping is limited to ≈1 × 1014 cm−2, while a somewhat larger charge injection can be obtained via deposition of K atoms. Here, by performing angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, quasiparticle interference measurements, and first‐principles calculations it is shown that a misfit compound formed by sandwiching NbSe2 and LaSe layers behaves as a NbSe2 single layer with a rigid doping of 0.55–0.6 electrons per Nb atom or ≈6 × 1014 cm−2. Due to this huge doping, the 3 × 3 charge density wave is replaced by a 2 × 2 order with very short coherence length. As a tremendous number of different misfit compounds can be obtained by sandwiching TMDs layers with rock salt or other layers, this work paves the way to the exploration of heavily doped 2D TMDs over an unprecedented wide range of doping.
A High‐Performance, Tailorable, Wearable, and Foldable Solid‐State Supercapacitor Enabled by Arranging Pseudocapacitive Groups and MXene Flakes on Textile Electrode Surface
Authors: Wang Yuanming , Wang Xue , Li Xifei , Li Xiaolong , Liu Yang , Bai Yang , Xiao Huanhao , Yuan Guohui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe challenges of solid‐state supercapacitors (SCs) for flexible and wearable electronics still remain in well balancing the electrochemical performance, mechanical stability, and processing technologies. Herein, a high‐performance, tailorable and foldable solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitor is developed via one‐step scalable chemical oxidization and MXene ink painting of N‐doped carbon fiber textile (NCFT) substrate. The employed O/N‐functionalized NCFT (ONCFT) and MXene materials under opposite potentials both incorporate excellent electrochemical behaviors of carbon‐like materials and pseudocapacitive materials, namely high rate capability and pseudocapacitance. By regulating oxidization time and MXene loading, the active layer of MXene decorated NCFT (MNCFT) and ONCFT electrodes analogously present tight skin structure, fundamentally avoiding the risk of active materials detaching from the support during mechanical deformation. As a result, the assembled MNCFT//ONCFT device not only achieves an extended voltage window of 1.6 V, high areal energy density of 277.3 μWh cm−2 and 90% capacitance retention after 30 000 cycles, but also experiences repeated folding tests. Additionally, the design makes it possible to tailor the textile‐based energy storage device (TEESD) into a designed size or shape without impairing its performance for device integration or shape conformable integration. Owing to the whole component fabrication being simple and scalable, the TEESD shows potential practical application.
Adapting digital technology to the gastroenterology and endoscopy practice in the pandemic era
Authors: Aguila Enrik John T. , Cua Ian Homer Y. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere has been a shift toward the use of digital technology worldwide due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. People are advised to stay at home to maintain physical distancing and reduce risks of infection. Clinical services are put to minimum operations and routine endoscopic services have been inadvertently halted. With no definitive treatment of the viral disease up to now, lockdowns and mitigation efforts have been extended. In effect, clinicians resort to other feasible and creative means to continue their practice in the attempt to move forward and achieve normalcy. As gastroenterologists, we adapt and respond using different technological opportunities to be able to resume our clinical practice with utmost priority on safety. Fellows continue their training with the blended method of limited patient encounters and maximized digital learning. Digital tools that can be used include telemedicine, eHealth, internet, social media, and video conference platforms. Newer innovations such as wearable technologies, virtual realities, and artificial intelligence endoscopy could also be tapped. Nevertheless, there are perceived barriers in the practice of technology and these should be adequately addressed.
Synthetic Approaches to the Anticancer Agent Fredericamycin A
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Fatma Ambareen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this minireview, we have highlighted various developments related to the total synthesis of an anticancer agent, fredericamycin A (NSC‐305263). The presence of a unique molecular architecture and significant biological properties associated with fredericamycin A have greatly enhanced the research activity, and we cover the total synthesis of this molecule since its isolation. Different methodologies adopted for the construction of the stereogenic spiro centre are radical spirocyclization, Diels−Alder (DA) reaction, [3+2] annulation, photochemical approach, ring‐closing metathesis (RCM), palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction, rearrangement approach, benzannulation etc. This minireview provides an overview of the contribution of different research groups in the total synthesis of fredericamycin A. We also cover various model studies related to the synthesis of this molecule.
Timeline of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder in Overt Alpha‐Synucleinopathies
Authors: Stang Cole D. , Mullan Aidan F. , Hajeb Mania , Camerucci Emanuele , Turcano Pierpaolo , Martin Peter , Mielke Michelle M. , Josephs Keith A. , Bower James H. , St Louis Erik K. , Boeve Bradley F. , Savica Rodolfo 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThe aim was to analyze the timeline, prevalence, and survival of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in patients who developed alpha‐synucleinopathies (Parkinson disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Parkinson disease dementia) compared with age‐ and sex‐matched controls in a population‐based incident‐cohort study.MethodsWe used a population‐based, 1991 to 2010 incident‐cohort study of alpha‐synucleinopathies. A movement‐disorder specialist reviewed medical records to confirm diagnoses. RBD was diagnosed by reported dream‐enactment symptoms or polysomnography. Probable RBD and polysomnographically confirmed RBD were analyzed separately and combined.ResultsAmong the 444 incident cases of alpha‐synucleinopathy, 86 were clinically diagnosed with RBD (19.8%), including 30 (35%) by polysomnography and 56 (65%) as probable. The prevalence of idiopathic RBD at alpha‐synucleinopathy diagnosis was 3.4%, increasing to 23.8% after 15 years. Cumulative lifetime incidence was 53 times greater in alpha‐synucleinopathy patients than in controls (odds ratio [OR] = 53.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.0–217.2, p < 0.0001), higher in dementia with Lewy bodies than in Parkinson disease (OR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.50–4.40, p = 0.0004), and higher in men than in women with Parkinson disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, or Parkinson disease dementia (OR = 3.70, 95% CI: 2.07–6.62, p < 0.0001), but did not increase mortality risk.InterpretationOur cohort had RBD incidence of 3.4%. Overall RBD increased to 23.8% after 15 years, with an overall incidence of 2.5 cases per 100 person‐years. With 53 times greater lifetime incidence in alpha‐synucleinopathy patients than in controls, RBD was more likely to develop in dementia with Lewy bodies than in Parkinson disease or Parkinson disease dementia, and in men than in women, but did not increase mortality risk within our cohort. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:293–303
Assessment and treatment of escape from attention in the form of conversation
Authors: Cengher Mirela , Clayborne Joy C. , O'Connor Julia T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate treatment procedures for problem behavior maintained by escape from attention in the form of conversation for a child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. After conducting a functional analysis that confirmed this function, we implemented a preference assessment to identify some forms of attention that were not aversive. Treatment consisted of four conditions, implemented in a series of reversals. During each condition, the participant chose from some of the following concurrently available options: three forms of attention, escape from conversation, and escape from conversation with a 2‐min delay. We implemented the delay to reduce (devalue) the reinforcing value of escape from conversation. The participant preferred escape from conversation to social interaction when all four consequences were available immediately. When escape from conversation was possible with a delay, the participant's preference changed to social interaction. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.