bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of palliative care training in gynaecological oncology: a survey among European Network of Young Gynae-Oncologists (ENYGO) members
Authors: La Russa Mariaclelia , Zapardiel Ignacio , Zalewski Kamil , Laky Rene , Dursun Polat , Sukhin Vladyslav , Lindquist David , Lindemann Kristina 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionPalliative care is an important aspect of gynaecological oncology practice. In order to successfully integrate end-of-life (EOL) care in the disease trajectory, it is crucial to incorporate systematic training in subspecialty programmes in gynaecological oncology. We aimed to evaluate the quality of training in palliative care across gynaecological oncology fellows in Europe and to provide a framework to facilitate learning opportunities.MethodsA web-based questionnaire was sent to members of the European Network of Young Gynae-Oncologists (ENYGO). The survey consisted of 36 items covering six domains: respondents’ characteristics, quality and quantity of teaching, curriculum achievements, observation and feedback, EOL clinical practice and attitudes about palliative care.ResultsOf the 703 clinicians enrolled in the study, 142 responded (20.2%). Although the majority worked in university hospitals, only half of them (47%) were in a formal subspecialty programme. The majority of respondents (60%) were trained without a mandatory rotation in palliative care units and considered the quality of EOL care teaching as ‘very poor’ or ‘poor’ (57.7%). The majority of respondents (71.6%) did not receive any supervision or feedback at the time of their first consultation on changing the goals of care.ConclusionOur study underlines lack of structured teaching and supervision in palliative care contents among European fellows in gynaecological oncology. Broad education of healthcare providers is a key factor to achieve the integration of palliative care in gynaecological oncology practice. Stakeholders like European Society of Gynaecological Oncology/ENYGO play an important role to facilitate educational activities and training programmes targeting to EOL care.
Exploring the reasons cancer survivors do not seek help for their concerns: a descriptive content analysis
Authors: Fitch Margaret I , Nicoll Irene , Lockwood Gina 
Published: September 2020

PurposeTo understand reasons why adult cancer survivors do not seek assistance as they transition from the end of cancer treatment to follow-up care. Understanding these reasons should inform survivorship care, help reduce the burden of suffering and increase quality of life for survivors.MethodsA national survey was conducted in collaboration with ten Canadian provinces to identify unmet needs and experiences with follow-up for cancer survivors between one and 3 years post-treatment. The survey included open-ended questions to allow respondents to add topics of importance and details that offered a deeper insight into their experiences. This publication presents the analysis of the quantitative data and open-ended responses regarding reasons why the adult cancer population does not seek help with their concerns.ResultsIn total, 13 319 respondents answered the question about seeking help. 87% had a physical concern of which 76% did not seek help; 77% had an emotional concern of which 82% did not seek help; and 45% had a practical concern of which 71% did not seek help. Frequently identified reasons for not seeking help included being told it was normal and not thinking anything could be done, not wanting to ask, not thinking services were available, handling it on their own and not thinking it was serious enough to seek help.ConclusionsSurvivors have multiple reasons for not seeking help for their concerns. These findings can be useful to healthcare providers in proactively identifying and addressing the needs of these survivors.
Global, regional and national quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis: a global systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pashazadeh Kan Fatemeh , Hoseinipalangi Zahra , Ahmadi Niloofar , Hosseinifard Hossein , Dehnad Afsaneh , Sadat Hoseini Batool , Tohidi Asl Mahsa , Ghashghaee Ahmad 
Published: September 2020

Background and aimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) globally to provide precise information for policy makers to take necessary steps to improve the quality of life of these patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis is the first global study in the last decade.Materials and methodsData from January 2000 to April 2020 were collected from Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data obtained were analysed by R software, and 54 articles were finally included in the study.ResultsFrom the 2126 articles collected, a total of 54 articles were included in the study. Based on the results of random-effects analysis (DerSimonian and Laird), the mental HRQOL score was 55.18 (95% CI 52.71 to 57.65) and the physical HRQOL score was 48.72 (95% CI 45.93 to 51.52). In this study, age and duration of disease had a significant and direct relationship with mental HRQOL (p≤0.01). Moreover, mental HRQOL was higher in Europe than in other continents, while physical HRQOL was higher in Asia than in other continents. HRQOL was also evaluated on the basis of three valid questionnaires: Short Form 36, Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 and Multiple Sclerosis International Quality of Life.ConclusionAccording to the results of this study, the total score for HRQOL indicates moderate quality of life. Factors such as depression, age and duration of disease have the greatest impact on HRQOL, whereas factors such as fatigue and the Expanded Disability Status Scale score have less effects on HRQOL, so that patients with MS continue their daily activities as long as they are physically able to, and this happens despite disease progression.
Bridging the mental health treatment gap: effects of a collaborative care intervention (matrix support) in the detection and treatment of mental disorders in a Brazilian city
Authors: Saraiva Sonia , Bachmann Max , Andrade Matheus , Liria Alberto 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo analyse temporal trends in diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders in primary care following implementation of a collaborative care intervention (matrix support).DesignDynamic cohort design with retrospective time-series analysis. Structured secondary data on medical visits to general practitioners of all study clinics were extracted from the municipal electronic records database. Annual changes in the odds of mental disorders diagnoses and antidepressants prescriptions were estimated by multiple logistic regression at visit and patient-year levels with diagnoses or prescriptions as outcomes. Annual changes during two distinct stages of the intervention (stage 1 when it was restricted to mental health (2005–2009), and stage 2 when it was expanded to other areas (2010–2015)) were compared by adding year–period interaction terms to each model.Setting49 primary care clinics in the city of Florianópolis, Brazil.ParticipantsAll adults attending primary care clinics of the study setting between 2005 and 2015.Results3 131 983 visits representing 322 100 patients were analysed. At visit level, the odds of mental disorder diagnosis increased by 13% per year during stage 1 (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.14, p<0.001) and decreased by 5% thereafter (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.95, p<0.001). The odds of incident mental disorder diagnoses decreased by 1% per year during stage 1 (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.00, p=0.012) and decreased by 7% per year during stage 2 (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.93, p<0.001). The odds of antidepressant prescriptions in patients with a mental disorder diagnosis increased by 7% per year during stage 1 (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.20, p<0.001); this was driven by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor prescriptions which increased 14% per year during stage 1 (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.18, p<0.001) and 9% during stage 2 (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.10, p<0.001). The odds of incident antidepressant prescriptions did not increase during stage 1 (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.02, p=0.665) and increased by 3% during stage 2 (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.04, p<0.001). Changes per year were all significantly greater during stage 1 than stage 2 (p values for interaction terms <0.05), except for antidepressant prescriptions during visits (p=0.172).ConclusionThe matrix support intervention may increase diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders when inter-professional collaboration is adequately supported. Competing demands to the primary care teams can subsequently reduce these effects. Future studies should assess clinical outcomes and identify active components and factors associated with successful implementation.
A stakeholder meeting exploring the ethical perspectives of immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery
Authors: Quinn Matthew , Gray Daniel , Bardan Ahmed Shalaby , Zarei-Ghanavati Mehran , Sparrow John , Liu Christopher 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe purported benefits and risks of immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) have been well described, yet the procedure remains controversial among UK ophthalmologists. As many of the controversies of ISBCS are underpinned by ethical dilemmas, the aim of this work was to explore the ethical perspectives of ISBCS from a variety of stakeholder viewpoints.MethodA semi-structured independent stakeholder meeting was convened at the Royal College of Ophthalmologists London headquarters in June 2018. In total, 29 stakeholders attended the meeting. The professional characteristics of stakeholders included but were not limited to: ophthalmologists (9), patients (5), religious leaders (4), ethicists (2), lawyers (2) and commissioners (1). Thematic qualitative analysis using methodology proposed by Braun and Clarke was conducted on the resultant transcript of the discussion.ResultsThemes identified include: (1) beneficence and non-maleficence (patient benefits, patient risks, the uncertainties of risk, patient interpretation of the risk-benefit analysis); (2) autonomy (informed consent, the barriers to communication); (3) distributive justice (the allocation of resources: the individual vs the collective).ConclusionThis analysis provides a reference point for the ethical factors surrounding ISBCS. The stakeholders concluded that this approach was an ethical undertaking provided patient autonomy was appropriately attained. This requires a patient’s interpretation of the risk-benefit balance, which must include an understanding of the low but unquantifiable risk of severe complications. A surgeon must aim to minimise risks through the adaption of accepted surgical protocols and by performing appropriate patient selection. Currently, cost savings to healthcare that may occur following the implementation of ISBCS should be considered a secondary benefit of the protocol.
Apo AI Nanoparticles Delivered Post Myocardial Infarction Moderate Inflammation
Authors: Richart Adele L. , Reddy Medini , Khalaji Mina , Natoli Alaina L. , Heywood Sarah E. , Siebel Andrew L. , Lancaster Graeme L. , Murphy Andrew J. , Carey Andrew L. , Drew Brian G. , Didichenko Svetlana A. , Navdaev Alexei V. , Kingwell Bronwyn A. 
Published: September 2020

Rationale:
Decades of research have examined immune-modulatory strategies to protect the heart after an acute myocardial infarction and prevent progression to heart failure but have failed to translate to clinical benefit.

Objective:
To determine anti-inflammatory actions of n-apo AI (Apo AI nanoparticles) that contribute to cardiac tissue recovery after myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results:

Using a preclinical mouse model of myocardial infarction, we demonstrate that a single intravenous bolus of n-apo AI (CSL111, 80 mg/kg) delivered immediately after reperfusion reduced the systemic and cardiac inflammatory response. N-apo AI treatment lowered the number of circulating leukocytes by 30±7% and their recruitment into the ischemic heart by 25±10% (all
P
<5.0×10
−2
). This was associated with a reduction in plasma levels of the clinical biomarker of cardiac injury, cardiac troponin-I, by 52±17% (
P
=1.01×10
−2
). N-apo AI reduced the cardiac expression of chemokines that attract neutrophils and monocytes by 60% to 80% and lowered surface expression of integrin CD11b on monocytes by 20±5% (all
P
<5.0×10
−2
). Fluorescently labeled n-apo AI entered the infarct and peri-infarct regions and colocalized with cardiomyocytes undergoing apoptosis and with leukocytes. We further demonstrate that n-apo AI binds to neutrophils and monocytes, with preferential binding to the proinflammatory monocyte subtype and partially via SR-BI (scavenger receptor BI). In patients with type 2 diabetes, we also observed that intravenous infusion of the same n-apo AI (CSL111, 80 mg/kg) similarly reduced the level of circulating leukocytes by 12±5% (all
P
<5.0×10
−2
).

Conclusions:
A single intravenous bolus of n-apo AI delivered immediately post–myocardial infarction reduced the systemic and cardiac inflammatory response through direct actions on both the ischemic myocardium and leukocytes. These data highlight the anti-inflammatory effects of n-apo AI and provide preclinical support for investigation of its use for management of acute coronary syndromes in the setting of primary percutaneous coronary interventions.
Dispute Settlement in the Law of the Sea: Survey for 2019
Authors: Churchill Robin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This is the latest in a series of annual surveys in this Journal reviewing dispute settlement in the law of the sea, both under Part XV of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and outside the framework of the Convention. It covers developments during 2019. The most significant developments concerned the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS). It delivered its judgment in the M/V Norstar (Panama v. Italy) case (concerning bunkering on the high seas and the scope of non-flag State prescriptive jurisdiction over vessels); made two provisional orders – in the Detention of Three Ukrainian Naval Vessels (Ukraine v. Russia) and San Padre Pio (Switzerland v. Nigeria) cases, both concerned with the alleged unlawful seizure and detention of ships; and was seized of two new cases. In addition, an arbitral tribunal made an award of reparation in the Duzgit Integrity (Malta v. São Tomé and Príncipe) case.
Wood anatomy of endangered Brazilian tree species
Authors: Brandes Arno Fritz das Neves , Novello Bruno Quiroga , de Lemos Davi Neves , do Nascimento Leonardo Bona , Albuquerque Rafael Perpétuo , Tamaio Neusa , Barros Claudia Franca 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Endangered Brazilian tree species are traded on national and international scales. Efficient control of wood supply chains is fundamental to both species and environmental conservation. Wood anatomy offers an effective method for timber screening and diagnosis, although diagnostic tools and reliable reference materials are required to verify the precise timber species commercialized. We present here anatomical information that can be used for the identification of the wood of endangered Brazilian tree species, including coded wood anatomy descriptions following standardized lists of macroscopic and microscopic features, stereomicroscope and bright field microscope micrographs, and reference data (wood collections with reference samples and anatomical descriptions). Description datasets and interactive identification keys (macroscopic and microscopic) were made available on the Xper3 web platform (http://gbg.sites.uff.br/lamad/) and can aid trained front-line staff or professional wood anatomists in trade control and forensic timber identifications of endangered Brazilian species.
Track Deflection of Typhoon Maria (2018) during a Westbound Passage Offshore of Northern Taiwan: Topographic Influence
Authors: Huang Ching-Yuang , Juan Tzu-Chi , Kuo Hung-Chi , Chen Jen-Her 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study applies a global model (FV3GFS) with stretched resolution of approximately 7 km for simulating Typhoon Maria (2018), which exhibited a sudden northward track deflection when approaching about 150 km northeast of Taiwan. As Maria approached land, the outer cyclonic flow at the western flank of the typhoon is split around the northern part of the Central Mountain Range (CMR) in Taiwan to converge east of Taiwan with the recirculating southerly flow around the southern corner of the CMR. Such strong convergence leads to northward deflection of the west-northwestward-moving typhoon with the stronger wind mainly east of the vortex center. The radial inflow at low levels is intensified south of the vortex center and transports larger angular momentum (AM) inward with the enhanced upward motions and vertical mean AM advection to increase the azimuthal mean tangential wind in the lower-tropospheric eyewall. A vorticity budget of wavenumber-1 decomposition indicates that the track deflection is dominated by horizontal vorticity advection in response to the intensifying flow. Numerical experiments with idealized WRF also support such northward track deflection as westward tropical cyclones approach a mountain range within an offshore meridional distance of about 200 km. The northward track deflection is only slightly amplified as the terrain height is considerably increased, consistent with the real-case simulation. However, the northward track deflection is not increased as the approaching vortex is initialized closer to the northern end of the mountain range, due to the enhanced east–west symmetry of wind structure in the inner vortex.
“Don’t Tell Me What to Do”: Resistance to Climate Change Messages Suggesting Behavior Changes
Authors: Palm Risa , Bolsen Toby , Kingsland Justin T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study evaluates the impact of exposure to messages that emphasize the need for changes in individual behavior or in public policy to address climate change attributed to a “climate scientist” or to an unnamed source. We implemented a large survey experiment (N = 1915) online through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) platform that manipulated the presence of recommendations for voluntary behavioral changes or the adoption of new laws to mitigate climate change. We found that, regardless of the source of the information, recommendations for behavioral changes decreased individuals’ willingness to take personal actions to reduce greenhouse gases, decreased willingness to support proclimate candidates, reduced belief in the accelerated speed of climate change, and decreased trust in climate scientists.
Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis suppression – The value of salivary cortisol and cortisone in assessing hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal recovery
Authors: Kalaria Tejas , Agarwal Mayuri , Kaur Sukhbir , Hughes Lauren , Sharrod-Cole Hayley , Chaudhari Rahul , Gherman-Ciolac Carolina , Chopra Roopa , Okeke Victor , Ford Clare , Buch Harit , Gama Rousseau 
Published: September 2020

Background The 0.25 mg short synacthen test is used to assess recovery from hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal suppression due to chronic glucocorticoid administration. We assessed the potential role of salivary cortisol and cortisone in predicting hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal function using the short synacthen test as the gold standard test. Method Between 09:00 and 10:30, salivary and blood samples were collected just prior to a short synacthen test to assess hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis recovery in patients previously treated with oral glucocorticoids. The cut-off for a normal short synacthen test was a 30-min cortisol ≥450 nmol/L. Results Fifty-six short synacthen tests were performed on 47 patients. Of these, 15 were normal. The area under receiver operating characteristic curves for serum cortisol, salivary cortisone and salivary cortisol were 0.772, 0.785 and 0.770, respectively. From the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the cut-offs for baseline serum cortisol (≥365 nmol/L) and salivary cortisone (≥37.2 nmol) predicted hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis recovery with 100% specificity in 26.7% of pass short synacthen tests, whereas salivary cortisol predicted none. Baseline serum cortisol (≤170 nmol/L), salivary cortisone (≤9.42 nmol/L) and salivary cortisol (≤1.92 nmol/L) predicted hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal suppression with 100% sensitivity in 58.5%, 53.7% and 51.2% of failed short synacthen tests, respectively. Using these cut-offs, baseline serum cortisol, salivary cortisone and salivary cortisol could reduce the need for short synacthen tests by 50%, 46% and 37%, respectively. Conclusion Although marginally inferior to early morning serum cortisol, early morning salivary cortisone may be used as a first-line test for assessing hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal function. We plan to incorporate salivary cortisone into a home-based patient pathway to identify patients with hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal recovery, continuing hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal suppression and those who require a short synacthen test.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of the wrist and elbow joints: A pilot study to explore a non-invasive technique for age estimation
Authors: Shedge Rutwik , Kanchan Tanuj , Kushwaha Krit Pal Singh , Krishan Kewal 
Published: September 2020

Age estimation is a vital aspect of the process of identification. Studying the appearance and fusion of long bones is one of the most commonly used methods for age estimation. Most research conducted on age estimation using the study of the appearance and fusion of ossification centres has been roentgenographic in nature. However, X-ray examination and computed tomography examination are associated with ionisation radiation. The present study investigated the use of ultrasonography (USG) as a means of visualising ossification centres of the elbow and wrist joints for age estimation in 31 Maharashtrian boys from Ahmednagar, India. The Schmeling et al. method of grading was used to score the fusion of ossification centres, and simple and multiple linear regression models were developed for age estimation. It was found that the ossification centres of the elbow and wrist joints followed a set pattern of maturation and fusion. The ossification centres of the elbow joint fused before the ossification centres of the wrist joint. The fusion scores of proximal radial epiphyses had the highest correlation with the decimal age of the participants, making its fusion the best indicator among all the ossification centres examined in this study for age estimation. Regression models to estimate age were generated using all the ossification centres. USG was found to be suitable for the purpose of age estimation based on ease of examination, minimal ionisation risks, its non-invasive nature and clear visualisation of ossification centres.