bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the REduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) prediction model for recurrent cardiovascular disease among United Arab Emirates Nationals
Authors: Al-Shamsi Saif , Govender Romona D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Prediction models assist health-care providers in making patient care decisions. This study aimed to externally validate the REduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) prediction model for recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) among the Emirati nationals.

Results
There are 204 patients with established CVD, attending Tawam Hospital from April 1, 2008. The data retrieved from electronic medical records for these patients were used to externally validate the REACH prediction model. Baseline results showed the following: 77.0% were men, 69.6% were diagnosed with coronary artery disease, and 87.3% have a single vascular bed involvement. The risk prediction model for cardiovascular mortality performed moderately well [C-statistic 0.74 (standard error 0.11)] in identifying those at high risk for cardiovascular death, whereas for recurrent CVD events, it performed poorly in predicting the next CVD event [C-statistic 0.63 (standard error 0.06)], over a 20-month follow-up. The calibration curve showed poor agreement indicating that the REACH model underestimated both recurrent CVD risk and cardiovascular death. With recalibration, the REACH cardiovascular death prediction model could potentially be used to identify patients who would benefit from aggressive risk reduction.
Unexplained neoplastic anastomotic recurrence after right hemicolectomy: a case report
Authors: Genova Pietro , Palumbo Vincenzo Davide , Lo Monte Attilio Ignazio , Cipolla Calogero , Genova Gaspare 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Anastomotic recurrences of the colon are postulated to arise due to inadequate margins, tumor implantation by exfoliated cells, altered biological properties of bowel anastomosis, and missed synchronous lesions. In this paper, a case of unexpected early local recurrence after surgery for colon cancer is presented.

Case presentation
A 68-year-old Caucasian man underwent right hemicolectomy for invasive G2 adenocarcinoma. Two months later, endoscopy revealed a wide and well-functioning anastomosis with a hyperemic, hard, and thickened mucosal area of about 2 cm in diameter. Biopsies showed the presence of an adenocarcinoma with the same grading of the previous lesion. Ten days later, the patient underwent a new intervention; the last 10 cm of the ileum and half of the remaining transverse colon were resected, and the patient started adjuvant therapy. Specimen examination confirmed the presence of an adenocarcinoma (G2) penetrating the muscular layer of the wall; also, in this case, resection edges were free from tumoral invasion, and the removed lymph nodes were exempt from neoplastic colonization. The patient was seen in follow-up for about 5 years, and he did not show local or systemic manifestations.

Conclusions
Whenever a neoplastic recurrence on the anastomotic line occurs, in the presence of negative intestinal margins, as usual in right colectomies, the implantation of neoplastic cells could be the possible cause.
Real-World Outcomes for Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Veterans Affairs System
Authors: La Jennifer , Cheng David , Brophy Mary T. , Do Nhan V. , Lee Jerry S.H. , Tuck David , Fillmore Nathanael R. 
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE Increasingly broad patient groups are being treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in clinical practice, but few studies have assessed their usage and outcomes in large, comprehensive real-world cohorts. We identified patients who received ICIs in the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system and described patient characteristics and survival outcomes across multiple indications. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis using electronic health record data from VA facilities nationwide. Overall survival (OS) from time of ICI initiation for key indications was estimated by Kaplan-Meier. We also stratified OS by frailty status, as defined by a surrogate index developed in VA data. For select indications, we further compared outcomes to historic and concurrent control patients treated with standard-of-care regimens at the VA. RESULTS We identified 11,888 patients who were treated with ICIs and determined the cancer type and indication for which they were treated. The cohort is enriched for patient groups that are under-represented in pivotal clinical trials (PCTs), including older, non-White, and/or higher disease burdened patients. Generally, OS observed in the VA cohort is lower than that reported in PCTs. After stratifying VA patients by frailty status, OS among nonfrail patients is more similar to OS reported in PCTs for some indications. Compared with internal VA control cohorts, patients treated with ICIs generally exhibited longer OS for all indications considered. CONCLUSION This study describes ICI outcomes across multiple tumor types in a real-world population at the VA. For most indications, real-world survival outcomes are observed to be lower than those reported in PCTs, but patients receiving ICIs still achieve longer survival relative to patients receiving standard of care.
Epidemiology and Comorbidity of Adrenal Cushing Syndrome: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Ahn Chang Ho , Kim Jung Hee , Park Man Young , Kim Sang Wan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Context
Adrenal Cushing syndrome (CS) is a major subtype of CS and has a high surgical cure rate. However, only a few studies have investigated the epidemiology and long-term outcomes of adrenal CS.

Objective
We aimed to investigate the nationwide epidemiology, long-term prognosis, and postoperative glucocorticoid replacement therapies of adrenal CS in Korea.

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting
A nationwide claim database.

Patients
Adrenal CS patients who were defined as having undergone adrenalectomy, a diagnosis code of CS, and not having pituitary gland surgery.

Main Outcome Measures
Crude incidence and age-standardized incidence rates, long-term mortality, comorbidities diagnosed preoperatively or developed postoperatively, and the pattern of postoperative glucocorticoid replacement therapy.

Results
From 2002 to 2017, there were a total of 1199 new adrenal CS patients, including 72 patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (malignant adrenal CS), in Korea. The crude and age-standardized incidence rates were 1.51 and 1.27 per million person-years, respectively. The overall standardized mortality ratio was 3.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4-3.7) for benign adrenal CS and 13.1 (95% CI, 7.6-18.6) for malignant adrenal CS. Adrenal CS patients had a high risk of having coronary artery disease, stroke, metabolic diseases, and depression. A similar proportion of patients were diagnosed with these comorbidities both preoperatively and postoperatively, suggesting a significant residual risk even after adrenalectomy. The median time of postoperative glucocorticoid replacement therapy was 10.1 months, and the major types of glucocorticoids used were prednisolone (66.6%) and hydrocortisone (22.4%).

Conclusions
Adrenal CS is associated with multiple comorbidities even after treatment, which necessitates meticulous postoperative care.
Adolescent Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes in Young Adulthood
Authors: Bardugo Aya , Bendor Cole D , Zucker Inbar , Lutski Miri , Cukierman-Yaffe Tali , Derazne Estela , Mosenzon Ofri , Tzur Dorit , Beer Zivan , Pinhas-Hamiel Orit , Ben-Ami Michal , Fishman Boris , Ben-Ami Shor Dana , Raz Itamar , Afek Arnon , Gerstein Hertzel C , Häring Hans-Ulrich , Tirosh Amir , Levi Zohar , Twig Gilad 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Context
The long-term risk of type 2 diabetes in adolescents with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unclear.

Objective
To assess type 2 diabetes risk among adolescents with NAFLD.

Design and Setting
A nationwide, population-based study of Israeli adolescents who were examined before military service during 1997–2011 and were followed until December 31, 2016.

Participants
A total of 1 025 796 normoglycemic adolescents were included.

Interventions
Biopsy or radiographic tests were prerequisite for NAFLD diagnosis. Data were linked to the Israeli National Diabetes Registry.

Main Outcome Measures
Type 2 diabetes incidence.

Results
During a mean follow-up of 13.3 years, 12 of 633 adolescents with NAFLD (1.9%; all with high body mass index [BMI] at baseline) were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes compared with 2917 (0.3%) adolescents without NAFLD. The hazard ratio (HR) for type 2 diabetes was 2.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47–4.58) for the NAFLD vs. the non-NAFLD group after adjustment for BMI and sociodemographic confounders. The elevated risk persisted in several sensitivity analyses. These included an analysis of persons without other metabolic comorbidities (adjusted HR, 2.75 [95% CI, 1.48-5.14]) and of persons with high BMI; and an analysis whose outcome was type 2 diabetes by age 30 years (adjusted HR, 2.14 [95% CI, 1.02-4.52]). The results remained significant when a sex-, birth year-, and BMI-matched control group was the reference (adjusted HR, 2.98 [95% CI, 1.54-5.74]).

Conclusions
Among normoglycemic adolescents, NAFLD was associated with an increased adjusted risk for type 2 diabetes, which may be apparent before age 30 years.
CZY JESTEŚMY GOTOWI NA EKOGLOTTODYDAKTYKĘ W POLSKIM KONTEKŚCIE EDUKACYJNYM?
Authors: Sujecka-Zając Jolanta 
Published: October 2020

The trend for eco-linguistics, which has been dynamically developing in the English-language literature since the 1970s, proposes a change in the perception of the relationship between language, nature, and culture, in a sense making language a link which brings together nature and culture, rather than separating them as is traditional. This approach poses important questions: How do languages ​​work in the ecosystem created by the language environment of all users of a given language context? What relationships can they enter into? How should one perceive the development of multilingualism in such an ecological approach, in which not only does "strong" affect the "weak" but “weak” reciprocates? "Weak" has an important place in the language ecosystem, which risks serious changes due to excessive weakening of one of its components.
This paper aims to examine the possible inspirations that eco-linguistics offers Foreign Language Teaching (FLT), highlighting the role of each language and sensitizing the reader to the relationships that arise between languages ​​and their users in a given environment. From this perspective Claire Kramsch (2008) postulates a change in the perception of the main function of the teacher from the "teacher of a code" to the "teacher of meaning", which has specific didactic consequences in how language activities are approached. Is the school classroom a place for activities which have their origin in the trend for eco-FLT?
Differentiating between non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas and sellar meningiomas using ADC
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhao Zhiyong , Dong Li , Han Tao , Zhang Guojin , Cao Yuntai , Zhou Junlin 
Published: October 2020

Introduction and aim
It is difficult to distinguish between non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas (NFPMAs) and sellar meningiomas because of their overlapping imaging manifestations on routine MRI, especially in cases of meningiomas growing into the saddle. Here, we aimed to differentiate between these two tumors using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and MRI characteristics.

Methods
A total of 60 NFPMA and 52 sellar meningioma cases confirmed by the pathological analysis were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were examined via routine MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) before undergoing surgery. The clinical characteristics, MRI characteristics, and max ADC (ADCmax), average ADC (ADCmean), and minimum ADC (ADCmin) values were compared between the two tumors via Chi-square test and two sample t-tests. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the discrimination ability.

Results
The ADCmax, ADCmean, and ADCmin values were significantly higher in NFPMAs compared to sellar meningiomas (P < 0.001 for all). Among ADC values, ADCmax demonstrated good performance with an AUC of 0.896 (95% CI, 0.823–0.969) and accuracy of 88.7%. A cut-off value of 0.97 × 10−3 mm2/s was used for ADCmax for differentiation between tumors. A combination of ADCmax values and clinicoradiological features showed the best discrimination ability for differential diagnosis between the two tumors, with an AUC of 0.981 (95% CI, 0.958–1.000) and accuracy of 96.9%.

Conclusion
A combination of ADCmax and clinicoradiological features demonstrates good discrimination ability and high accuracy for differentiation between NFPMAs and sellar meningiomas, and is a potential quantitative tool to aid in the selection of surgical techniques.
Semantics of Lithuanian baltas and Polish biały: An Attempt at a Contrastive Analysis
Authors: Ušinskienė Viktorija 
Published: October 2020

The paper presents the results of a contrastive semantic analysis of the Polish lexeme biały ‘white’ and its Lithuanian equivalent baltas. The research aimed at comparing the collocability of Pol. biały / Lith. baltas with names of various objects and phenomena (both in the literal and figurative senses) including the identification of the prototype references and connotative meanings. The analysis has illustrated that Pol. biały / Lith. baltas have similar ranges of use and develop almost identical connotations. In both languages, whiteness is interpreted as the lightest color whose qualitative prototype pattern is SNOW (cf.: Pol. biały jak śnieg — Lith. baltas kaip sniegas), and the quantitative prototype pattern is DAYLIGHT (cf. Pol. biały dzień — Lith. balta diena). The prototype references create cha­racteristic connotation chains: ‘as white as snow’ — ‘pure (also morally)’ — ‘innocent’ — ‘honest’ — ‘good’; ‘as white (light) as daylight’ — ‘transparent’ — ‘obvious’ — ‘legal’ — ‘good’. The differences between the discussed units are mainly noted on the level of the lexical components with individual connotations. Apart from the few phenomena that are culturally specific (e.g. Pol. białe małżeństwo ‘a marriage without intimacy’), in the use of the lexemes biały / baltas there are no major discrepancies. Instead, it is possible to note only the asymmetry as it is in the case with the related meanings ‘clarity’ and ‘legality’ where the former has more examples in Polish, while the latter is found only in Lithuanian.
Presentation of the Political Agenda in the News Programs of Lithuanian TV channels
Authors: Bajorinaitė Martyna , Keršanskienė Marija , Luščiauskaitė Ligita , Petronytė Indrė , Rudenkienė Valdonė , Rukaitė Donata , Šukšta Valdemaras 
Published: October 2020

The authors of the article investigate how the parliamentary agenda is reflected in the agenda-setting. They determined the study period and examined how many decisions made in the Parliament are on the agenda of Lithuanian television channels. The study showed that the agenda of the Seimas of Lithuania occupies a very small part of the schedule of media topics. The researchers relied on journalistic criteria for the selection of information – novelty, relevance and conflict. According to them, the criteria by which journalists choose news are not very clear. Sometimes the selected news does not match any –novelty, relevance, or conflict criterion, and sometimes only one of them. However, the criterion of conflict should be considered dominant. Let‘s do it the premise that scandalous news is of most interest to the public. On the other hand, the fact that journalists take the news of a press release already prepared by the Parliament also partly explains the fact of non-compliance with the news selection criteria.
Avaliação do perfil de mulheres atendidas em centros de referência em saúde de Porto Alegre/RS e relação de alterações citológicas detectadas no exame citopatológico e a presença do HPV
Authors: Schuster Aline Daniele , Vianna Débora Renz Barreto , Kliemann Lúcia Maria , Binda Márcia Luiza Montalvão Appel , Calil Luciane Noal , Pilger Diogo André , Buffon Andréia 
Published: October 2020

Justificativas e Objetivos: Câncer de colo de útero é considerado um problema de saúde
pública mundial. Seu diagnóstico é realizado através do exame citopatológico (EC) e seu
desenvolvimento relacionado à infecção pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV). Este estudo
objetiva avaliar o perfil de mulheres atendidas em centros de referência em saúde de Porto
Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, assim como a relação de alterações observadas ao EC com presença
do HPV. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em mulheres atendidas em unidades básicas
de saúde e um ambulatório de referência de hospital público terciário, no período de julho de
2014 a janeiro de 2017. Coletaram-se amostras representativas da endo/ectocérvice para
realização do EC e investigadas quanto à presença molecular do HPV. Resultados: Foram
analisadas 169 mulheres com idade média entre 31 e 40 anos, das quais 125 (74%) informaram
que a sexarca ocorreu na faixa de 15-20 anos e 37,9% relatou ter tido de três a cinco parceiros
sexuais. Em relação ao EC, 71 (42%) apresentaram resultado negativo para lesão intraepitelial
ou malignidade e 98 (58%) alguma anormalidade de células escamosas: 20 (11,8%) atipias; 22
(13%) lesão intraepitelial escamosa de baixo grau e 56 (32,6%) lesão intraepitelial de alto grau
(HSIL). Cinquenta (29,6%) apresentaram positividade para HPV, destas 56,4% foram
diagnosticadas com HSIL (p
MAPA MENTAL E SUA IMPORTÂNCIA NO ENSINO, NA LEITURA E NA INTERPRETAÇÃO DO ESPAÇO GEOGRÁFICO
Authors: Barbosa Jhonatan , Alberti Eliane do Rocio 
Published: October 2020

RESUMO - O propósito deste trabalho foi entender como algumas práticas pedagógicas são capazes de elucidar conceitos geográficos, que por vezes são abstratos aos olhos dos discentes. O objetivo foi aproximar as práticas a vivência cotidiana dos alunos, a fim de contemplar o conhecimento e experiência à priori que os mesmos trazem consigo. Neste sentido, a cartografia participativa através dos mapas mentais se torna uma alternativa para articular o proposto. A metodologia se desenvolveu a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os conceitos de espaço e suas categorias de análise: percebido, concebido e vivido somado ao entendimento de lugar e da importância na representação como forma de linguagem a traduzir toda essa conceituação. Na sequência se realizou observações para constatar as dificuldades em metodologias na elucidação acerca do conceito de espaço e foi aplicado uma atividade que consiste em desenvolver mapas mentais com os discentes. Como resultado desta investigação, pode-se constatar o mapa mental ao aproximar a demanda curricular obrigatória ao conhecimento e experiência dos alunos, sobretudo na modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), estimula um raciocínio geográfico perante os elementos que os rodeia, fundamental para formação cidadã. Palavras-chave: Ensino de geografia; Mapa Mental; Aprendizagem;
Aplicação de silício aumenta a produtividade de grãos de amendoim
Authors: Fernandes Stefania , Pereira da Silva Gilmara , Prado Renato de Mello , Rossatto Davi Rodrigo 
Published: October 2020

O fornecimento de Si dependendo do modo de aplicação que pode ser aplicado via radicular (solo ou cultivo hidropônico) e via foliar e pode beneficiar a produtividade de plantas de amendoim. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da aplicação de Si nas formas radicular, pulverização foliar e Si via radicular somado a pulverização foliar no número de vagens por planta, peso de vagens e produtividade de plantas de amendoim. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação da UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, em plantas de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivar granoleico. Para realização dos estudos, foram considerados os seguintes tratamentos: sem aplicação de Si (-Si); Si via radicular (Si R) (2,0 mmol L-1 ) Si via foliar (Si F) (4,0 mmol L-1 ) e Si via radicular com uso de solução nutritiva associado ao foliar (Si R + F), dispostos em blocos casualizado com cinco repetições. As plantas receberam solução nutritiva de Hoagland e Arnon com 25% da força iônica durante todo o desenvolvimento. A fonte de Si utilizada foi o silicato de sódio e potássio (113,4 g L-1 de Si e 18,9 g L-1 de K2O), o potássio foi equilibrado em todos os tratamentos, utilizando cloreto de potássio. A pulverização foliar foi realizada no início da manhã com a umidade do igual ou superior a 70% e temperatura baixo de 25oC. Foram avaliados o número de vagens por planta, peso de vagens e produtividade de plantas de amendoim. O suprimento de Si, independente da forma de aplicação do elemento, incrementou o número e peso de vagens e aumentou a produtividade de grãos de amendoim.
Fenotipagem de precisão na cultura do amendoim para detecção de déficit hídrico
Authors: Costa Ana Paula Lira 
Published: October 2020

O amendoim é uma oleaginosa conhecida por conter potencial para ser cultivado em áreas com menor disponibilidade hídrica, entretanto quando submetida à condição de estresse ao déficit hídrico, ocasiona mudanças no sistema fisiológico e bioquímico como fechamento dos estômatos que reduz a transpiração e, consequentemente, o suprimento de CO2 para a fotossíntese, que dependendo das condições de manejo estes danos podem ser irreversíveis. Desta forma, a procura por cultivares com melhor desempenho agronômico geral em regiões com maior limitação hídrica é cada vez maior, levando melhoristas expandirem seus experimentos buscando metodologias que reduza o tempo entre a pesquisa e a introdução dos seus resultados no mercado. Uma das alternativas de otimização experimental em larga escala e de alta qualidade é a fenotipagem por meio de imagens. Esta técnica abordada pela fenômica avalia com eficiência imagens digitais de alta qualidade dos experimentos em campo através de Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados (VANTs), obtendo dados mediante análises digitais correlacionadas às bibliotecas de processamento digital de imagens. Ao se obter estes dados torna-se a mensuração da fenotipagem mais precisa em relação aos descritores com medidas manuais. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a eficiência da fenotipagem no cultivo do amendoim através de imagens digitais, garantindo precisão e praticidade para pesquisas futuras.