bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Self-Mastery in Enhancing Quality of Life and Social Participation of Individuals Experiencing Homelessness: Results of a Mixed-Method Study
Authors: Rutenfrans-Stupar Miranda , Hanique Naomi , Van Regenmortel Tine , Schalk René 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSelf-mastery plays a basic role in strength-based and recovery-oriented approaches applied by (mental) health-care institutions and social services. However, no research has been conducted on a comprehensive model that could provide insight into enhancing self-mastery and outcomes, such as social participation and quality of life, for individuals experiencing homelessness. The current mixed-method study investigated associations between person-related variables (optimism, age, education level) and care-related variables (experiences with care, duration of support) as predictors of both social participation and quality of life through the mediator of self-mastery among clients of a Dutch shelter facility. Quantitative analysis (Structural Equation Modeling;n = 97) showed that: (1) Self-mastery is related to social participation and quality of life; (2) Optimism predicts social participation and quality of life through self-mastery; (3) Age squared predicts social participation through self-mastery, but is not related to quality of life; (4) The variable, clients’ experiences with care, is not related to self-mastery, but directly to social participation and quality of life; (5) Education level and duration of support do not predict self-mastery, social participation and quality of life. Qualitative analysis (semi-structured interviews;n = 36) revealed: (1) Contrary to the results of the quantitative study qualitative data indicated that there is a positive association between experiences with care and self-mastery; (2) Social participation and health are associated with self-mastery; (3) The absence of external locus of control should also be included as an aspect of self-mastery; (4) Additional promoting and impeding factors for self-mastery (e.g., a daily structure, privacy, house rules). Based on these results we formulated guidelines for social and mental health-care workers to enhance their clients’ self-mastery.
The status of medication literacy and associated factors of hypertensive patients in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ma Guiyue , Luo Aijing , Shen Zhiying , Duan Yinglong , Shi Shuangjiao , Zhong Zhuqing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The adverse consequence of low medication literacy is a major problem that threatens patients' health. The number of people with hypertension is increasing in China. We described the current situation of medication literacy of patients with hypertension in China and its related influencing factor. We conducted a cross-sectional study, which contains 590 hypertensive patients. Stratified sampling was adopted according to the hospital level in China. To determine the factors related to medication literacy, multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine associations between medication literacy of hypertensive patients and other factors. Among 590 respondents, results showed that they have poor medication literacy. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that level of education, annual income, occupation status, and type of medical insurance were significantly associated with medication literacy level of hypertensive patients. In addition, our study also demonstrates that we can identify the medication literacy level of hypertensive patients using the Chinese version Medication Literacy Scale for Hypertensive Patients. High medication literacy is an important factor for hypertensive patients to improve medication adherence, so as to better control blood pressure. We should pay attention to the improvement of medication literacy and take corresponding measures.
Caristi–Kirk and Oettli–Théra ball spaces and applications
Authors: Błaszkiewicz Piotr , Ćmiel Hanna , Linzi Alessandro , Szewczyk Piotr 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBased on the theory of ball spaces introduced by Kuhlmann and Kuhlmann, we introduce and study Caristi–Kirk and Oettli–Théra ball spaces. We show that if the underlying metric space is complete, then these have a very strong property: every ball contains a singleton ball. This fact provides quick proofs for several results which are equivalent to the Caristi–Kirk fixed point theorem, namely Ekeland’s variational principles, the Oettli–Théra theorem, Takahashi’s theorem and the flower petal theorem.
Comparison of Different Leaching Media and Their Effect on REEs Recovery from Spent Nd-Fe-B Magnets
Authors: Liu Fupeng , Porvali Antti , Halli Petteri , Wilson Benjamin P. , Lundström Mari 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Recycling rare-earth elements (REEs) from Nd-Fe-B magnet waste is an important step towards building a sustainable REE supply chain. In this study, two different processes were systematically investigated and compared. In the leaching stage, the effect of increasing H2SO4 or HCl concentrations were studied and it was determined that, although both can successfully promote REEs, B, Fe and Co leaching, HCl solutions extracted a wider range of metals. After leaching, the oxalate and double-sulfate precipitation methods were utilized to separate REEs from either HCl or H2SO4 leachates. Results suggest that, although > 99% REEs precipitation rates could be achieved with oxalate, the purity of REE-containing products is significantly affected by impurities like Fe and Co. In contrast, REE double-sulfate precipitation resulted in a product purity of > 99%; however, high levels of Na2SO4 (8 times the stoichiometric amount) were needed to achieve > 98% of REE precipitation.
What Can an Understanding of the Changing Small-Scale Forest Owner Contribute to Rural Studies? The Swedish Case
Authors: Keskitalo E. Carina H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Over the centuries, Swedish rural areas have been formed in close interaction with their inhabitants and different and various uses. Based on studies, particularly of “new forest owners” in Sweden, this article illustrates how an understanding of forest and forest ownership can highlight the dynamic and shifting role of rural areas: as both rural and urban, based on both forest property and second-home ownership. It also illustrates that rural areas are not only post-productive but also continuously over time production areas, in addition to many other use patterns, and that rural areas can be areas of forest-related industrial and services growth, and thus rural growth. The article also illustrates that forest areas in Sweden, but also more broadly Fennoscandia, can be seen as areas with different habitation patterns and linkages between nature and population than what has often been described in broader rural literature.
Artificial Intelligence, Responsibility Attribution, and a Relational Justification of Explainability
Authors: Coeckelbergh Mark 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper discusses the problem of responsibility attribution raised by the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. It is assumed that only humans can be responsible agents; yet this alone already raises many issues, which are discussed starting from two Aristotelian conditions for responsibility. Next to the well-known problem of many hands, the issue of “many things” is identified and the temporal dimension is emphasized when it comes to the control condition. Special attention is given to the epistemic condition, which draws attention to the issues of transparency and explainability. In contrast to standard discussions, however, it is then argued that this knowledge problem regarding agents of responsibility is linked to the other side of the responsibility relation: the addressees or “patients” of responsibility, who may demand reasons for actions and decisions made by using AI. Inspired by a relational approach, responsibility as answerability thus offers an important additional, if not primary, justification for explainability based, not on agency, but on patiency.
Dexmedetomidine Protects Against Oxygen–Glucose Deprivation-Induced Injury Through Inducing Astrocytes Autophagy via TSC2/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Zhu Chen , Zhou Quan , Luo Cong , Chen Ying 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Although there is an increment in stroke burden in the world, stroke therapeutic strategies are still extremely limited to a minority of patients. We previously demonstrated that dexmedetomidine (DEX) protects against focal cerebral ischemia via inhibiting neurons autophagy. Nevertheless, the role of DEX in regulating astrocytes autophagic status in oxygen–glucose deprivation, a condition that mimics cerebral ischemia, is still unknown. In this study, we have shown that DEX and DEX + RAPA (autophagy inducer) increased viability and reduced apoptosis of primary astrocytes in oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) model compared with DEX + 3-methyladenine (3-MA) (autophagy inhibitor). DEX induced the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin 1, while reduced the expression of p62 in primary cultured astrocytes through induction of autophagy. In addition, DEX enhanced the expression of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) in primary cultured astrocytes, while reduced the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In conclusion, our study suggests that DEX exerts a neuroprotection against OGD-induced astrocytes injury via activation of astrocytes autophagy by regulating the TSC2/mTOR signaling pathway, which provides a new insight into the mechanisms of DEX treatment for acute ischemic injury.
Codesigning biodiversity-based agrosystems promotes alternatives to mycorrhizal inoculants
Authors: Chave Marie , Angeon Valérie , Paut Raphaël , Collombet Robin , Tchamitchian Marc 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Facing the challenge of the ecological transition of agriculture, biodiversity opens new avenues to enhance ecological interactions and reduce chemical input dependency. Designing biodiversity-based agrosystems requires an agroecological approach that combines key principles: exploring a wide range of concepts and solutions, adopting systemic reasoning, implementing a site-specific approach, developing an action-oriented process, and maintaining a continuous improvement dynamic. This type of approach has never been developed to harness mycorrhizal fungi, which are key components of soil biodiversity, because their beneficial action on crops depends on complex and underexploited ecological interactions. At present, mycorrhizae are mainly used through industrial inoculants that fit within the productionist paradigm. To shift toward agroecological approaches, we implemented a methodological framework conceived to better address the design of mycorrhiza-friendly cropping systems by sharing knowledge with farmers in four different study areas (Provence, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, and Martinique). This framework includes participative workshops, a board game, and prospective exercises to collect farmers’ proposals and the factors that prevent from implementing mycorrhiza-friendly cropping systems. We showed that 90% of the farmers proposed alternatives to industrial inoculants, 50% of them adopted systemic reasoning by combining these alternative proposals. Most farmers understood that they were all potential “mycorrhizae producers”. We showed, for the first time through on-farm experiments that valorization of indigenous mycorrhizal fungi strains using a donor plant is an effective practice to increase root colonization before planting (up to a frequency of 95% and an intensity of 32%). Considering the increasing supply of mycorrhizal inoculants and despite the uncertainty of related knowledge, we codesigned innovative practices. Learning communities (technical advisors, high school teachers, etc.) assumed responsibility for continuous improvement in knowledge and practices. Finally, beyond the issue of mycorrhizae, we showed that an agroecological approach could bring stakeholders one step further into the design of biodiversity-based agrosystems.
Peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity and its association with age‐related cognitive alterations and vascular risk factors
Authors: Lam Bonnie Yin Ka , Leung Kam Tat , Yiu Brian , Zhao Lei , Biesbroek J. Matthijs , Au Lisa , Tang Yumi , Wang Kai , Fan Yuhua , Fu Jian‐Hui , Xu Qun , Song Haiqing , Tian Xiaolin , Chu Winnie Chiu Wing , Abrigo Jill , Shi Lin , Ko Ho , Lau Alexander , Duering Marco , Wong Adrian , Mok Vincent Chung Tong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionOnly two studies investigated the associations between peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) and age‐related cognitive alterations, whereas none of the studies investigated the association with vascular risk factors.MethodsWe evaluated 801 stroke‐ and dementia‐free elderlies with baseline and 3‐year follow‐up assessments. Regression analyses were used to assess the association between age‐related cognitive functions and PSMD. Simple mediation models were used to study the mediation effect of PSMD between vascular risk factors and age‐related cognitive outcomes.ResultsPSMD was negatively associated with processing speed at baseline and negatively associated with processing and memory scores at 3‐year follow‐up. The association between vascular risk factors and age‐related cognition was mediated by PSMD, as well as other diffusion tensor imaging markers.DiscussionPSMD is preferred over other diffusion tensor imaging markers as it is sensitive to age‐related cognitive alterations and calculation is fully automated. PSMD is proposed as a research tool to monitor age‐related cognitive alterations.
War rectal injuries with its complications during civil violence in Iraq
Authors: Al- Doghan Ibrahim Ekhlayef Mughir , Majeed Yahia Hameed , Jasim Hasanain Abdulameer 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

Background:
Traumatic injuries to the rectum is not uncommon in war surgery, increasing numbers of rectal injuries were encountered by Iraqi surgeons due nature civil violence in Iraq. Failure of adequate management of such injury can lead to serious complications like perineal and pelvic sepsis and even death.

Objective:
To define the wound pattern, injury mechanism, incidence, surgical treatment and associated complications of war rectal injuries suffered in the civil violence of Iraq war.

Patients and methods:
A retrospective study. In all, 3650 war injured patient with penetrating injuries to the pelvis and abdomen were admitted to the Ameria AL-Fallujah Hospital. Anbar, Iraq and the Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq from Feb. 2004–May 2008. Of these, 62 (1.7%) patients had rectal injuries.

Result:
Of 62 injured patients, 40 (64, 5%) were civilians injured patients and 22 (35, 5%) were Iraqi military injured patients. 50 males and 12 females. The age ranges from 16 to 58year. The rectal injuries were caused by an improvised explosive device in 40 (64.5%) patients and by individual firearms in 22 (35.5%). The surgical treatment included diversion and distal washout in 13 (21%) patients, diversion in 31 (50%) patients, distal washout, drainage and diversion in 6 (9%) patients, presacral drainage with diversion in 7 (11%) and 5 (8%) patients just suturing of serosa. The complications were found in 36 (58%) of injured patients. No death in this study.

Conclusion:
War rectal injuries were caused mainly by improvised explosive device. Most of the injured patients were civilians and a minority was military stuff. War injuries of the rectum were successfully managed by proximal fecal diversion, and presacral drainage, recommending that distal washout may be not always necessary in the management of war rectal injuries. Despite that rectal injury still combined with a high rate of complications.

Highlights:
Increases in theta CSD power and coherence during a calibrated stop-signal task: implications for goal-conflict processing and the Behavioural Inhibition System
Authors: Lockhart Thomas S. , Moore Roger A. , Bard Kim A. , Stafford Lorenzo D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPsychologists have identified multiple different forms of conflict, such as information processing conflict and goal conflict. As such, there is a need to examine the similarities and differences in neurology between each form of conflict. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis of Shadli, Glue, McIntosh, and McNaughton’s calibrated stop-signal task (SST) goal-conflict task. Specifically, we examined changes in scalp-wide current source density (CSD) power and coherence across a wide range of frequency bands during the calibrated SST (n= 34). We assessed differences in EEG between the high and low goal-conflict conditions using hierarchical analyses of variance (ANOVAs). We also related goal-conflict EEG to trait anxiety, neuroticism, Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS)-anxiety and revised BIS (rBIS) using regression analyses. We found that changes in CSD power during goal conflict were limited to increased midfrontocentral theta. Conversely, coherence increased across 23 scalp-wide theta region pairs and one frontal delta region pair. Finally, scalp-wide theta significantly predicted trait neuroticism but not trait anxiety, BIS-anxiety or rBIS. We conclude that goal conflict involves increased midfrontocentral CSD theta power and scalp-wide theta-dominated coherence. Therefore, compared with information processing conflict, goal conflict displays a similar EEG power profile of midfrontocentral theta but a much wider coherence profile. Furthermore, the increases in theta during goal conflict are the characteristic of BIS-driven activity. Therefore, future research should confirm whether these goal-conflict effects are driven by the BIS by examining whether the effects are attenuated by anxiolytic drugs. Overall, we have identified a unique network of goal-conflict EEG during the calibrated SST.
First record of the Peruvian yellow-tailed woolly monkeyLagothrix flavicaudain the Región Junín, Peru
Authors: McHugh Sean M. , Cornejo Fanny M. , McKibben Jasmina , Zarate Melissa , Tello Carlos , Jiménez Carlos F. , Schmitt Christopher A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Critically Endangered Peruvian yellow-tailed woolly monkeyLagothrix flavicaudawas presumed to only occur in the tropical montane cloud forests between the Marañón and Huallaga rivers in northern Peru. Here we report the discovery of a population to the south of its previously known range, in the Región Junín. During September–December 2018 we carried out transect surveys to record large mammals present near the village of San Antonio in the district of Pampa Hermosa, at 1,287–2,015 m altitude. We recorded five primate species during transect surveys.Lagothrix flavicaudawas seen four times, and appeared phenotypically distinct from populations to the north, with notable white patches above each eye and a reduced yellow patch at the end of the tail. The presence ofL. flavicaudain Junín extends its known geographical range over 200 km southwards from the closest previously known population in the Huánuco region, and presents a unique opportunity for the conservation of this Critically Endangered species.
Satellite Discovery of Anomalously Large Methane Point Sources From Oil/Gas Production
Authors: Varon D. J. , McKeever J. , Jervis D. , Maasakkers J. D. , Pandey S. , Houweling S. , Aben I. , Scarpelli T. , Jacob D. J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRapid identification of anomalous methane sources in oil/gas fields could enable corrective action to fight climate change. The GHGSat‐D satellite instrument measuring atmospheric methane with 50‐meter spatial resolution was launched in 2016 to demonstrate space‐based monitoring of methane point sources. Here we report the GHGSat‐D discovery of an anomalously large, persistent methane source (10–43 metric tons per hour, detected in over 50% of observations) at a gas compressor station in Central Asia, together with additional sources (4–32 metric tons per hour) nearby. The TROPOMI satellite instrument confirms the magnitude of these large emissions going back to at least November 2017. We estimate that these sources released 142 ± 34 metric kilotons of methane to the atmosphere from February 2018 through January 2019, comparable to the 4‐month total emission from the well‐documented Aliso Canyon blowout.
MMS Measurements and Modeling of Peculiar Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves
Authors: Lee Justin H. , Turner Drew L. , Toledo‐Redondo Sergio , Vines Sarah K. , Allen Robert C. , Fuselier Stephen A. , Khotyaintsev Yuri V. , Cohen Ian J. , Mauk Barry H. , Russell Christopher T. , Pollock Craig J. , Ergun Robert E. , Lindqvist Per‐Arne L. , Burch James L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOrbiting Earth's dayside outer magnetosphere on 29 September 2015, the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) satellites measured plasma composition, simultaneous electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, and intermittent fast plasma flows consistent with ultralow frequency waves or convection. Such flows can accelerate typically unobservable low‐energy plasma into a measurable energy range of spacecraft plasma instrumentation. We exploit the flow occurrence to ensure measurement of cold ion species alongside the hot particles—consisting of ionospheric heavy ions and solar wind He++—during a subinterval of wave emissions with spectral properties previously described as peculiar. Through application of the composition and multisatellite wave vector data to linear theory, we demonstrate the emissions are in fact consistent with theory, growing naturally in the He++ band with sufficient free energy.
A Priori Identification of Skillful Extratropical Subseasonal Forecasts
Authors: Albers John R. , Newman Matthew 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe current generation of subseasonal operational model forecasts has, on average, low skill for leads beyond 3 weeks. This is likely a fundamental property of the climate system, due to the relative high amplitude of unpredictable weather variability compared to potentially predictable, but generally weaker, climate signals. Thus, for subseasonal forecasts to be useful, their high versus low skill events should be identified at time of forecast. We show that a linear inverse model (LIM), an empirical‐dynamical model constructed from covariability statistics of wintertime (December–March) weekly averaged observational analyses, can be used to identify, a priori, the expected extratropical subseasonal surface and midtropospheric forecast skill. The LIM's predicted signal‐to‐noise ratio identifies the subset (10%–30%) of Weeks 3–6 forecasts—of the LIM and two operational models from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts—with relatively higher skill versus the much larger remainder of forecasts whose skill cannot be distinguished from random chance.