bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Letter: are microbes other than Helicobacter pylori associated with gastric cancer? Authors' reply
Authors: Gantuya Boldbaatar , El‐Serag Hashem B. , Yamaoka Yoshio 
Published: May 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Gantuya et al and He et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15675 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15757.
Letter: how can we reduce mortality in elderly patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis? Authors' reply
Authors: Dong Catherine , Metzger Marie , Holsbø Einar E. , Perduca Vittorio , Carbonnel Franck 
Published: May 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Dong et al and Li et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15592 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15702.
Editorial: hepatitis B DNA thresholds and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: different number patterns in HBeAg‐positive versus HBeAg‐negative patients
Authors: Dusheiko Geoffrey 
Published: May 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Kim et al and Kim and Lim papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15725 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15794.
Editorial: hepatitis B DNA thresholds and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: different number patterns in HBeAg‐positive versus HBeAg‐negative patients. Authors' reply
Authors: Kim Gi‐Ae , Lim Young‐Suk 
Published: May 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Kim et al and Dusheiko papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15725 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15783.
The ‘biomineralization toolkit’ and the origin of animal skeletons
Authors: Murdock Duncan J. E. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBiomineralized skeletons are widespread in animals, and their origins can be traced to the latest Ediacaran or early Cambrian fossil record, in virtually all animal groups. The origin of animal skeletons is inextricably linked with the diversification of animal body plans and the dramatic changes in ecology and geosphere–biosphere interactions across the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition. This apparent independent acquisition of skeletons across diverse animal clades has been proposed to have been driven by co‐option of a conserved ancestral genetic toolkit in different lineages at the same time. This ‘biomineralization toolkit’ hypothesis makes predictions of the early evolution of the skeleton, predictions tested herein through a critical review of the evidence from both the fossil record and development of skeletons in extant organisms. Furthermore, the distribution of skeletons is here plotted against a time‐calibrated animal phylogeny, and the nature of the deep ancestors of biomineralizing animals interpolated using ancestral state reconstruction. All these lines of evidence point towards multiple instances of the evolution of biomineralization through the co‐option of an inherited organic skeleton and genetic toolkit followed by the stepwise acquisition of more complex skeletal tissues under tighter biological control. This not only supports the ‘biomineralization toolkit’ hypothesis but also provides a model for describing the evolution of complex biological systems across the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition.
Racial/ethnic variations in weight management among patients with overweight and obesity status who are served by health centres
Authors: Pourat Nadereh , Chen Xiao , Lu Connie , Zhou Weihao , Daniel Marlon , Hoang Hank , Sripipatana Alek 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThis study sought to examine racial/ethnic variations in receipt of provider recommendations on weight loss, patient adherence, perception of weight, attempts at weight loss and actual weight loss among patients with overweight/obesity status at Health Resources and Services Administration‐funded health centres (HC). We used a 2014 nationally representative survey of adult HC patients with overweight/obesity status (PwOW/OB) last year and reported the HC was their usual source of care (n = 3517). We used logistic regression models to assess the interaction of race/ethnicity and having obesity in (1) provider recommendations of diet or (2) exercise, (3) patient adherence to diet or (4) exercise, (5) perceptions of weight and (6) weight loss attempts. We used a multinomial regression model to examine (7) weight loss or gain vs no change and a linear regression model to evaluate (8) percent weight change. We found Black PwOW/OB (OR = 1.65) experienced greater odds of receiving diet recommendations than Whites. We found limited racial/ethnic disparities in adherence. Black (OR = 0.41), Hispanic/Latino (OR = 0.45), and American Indian/Alaska Native (OR = 0.41) PwOW/OB had lower odds of perceiving themselves as overweight. Black (OR = 1.68) and Hispanic (OR = 1.98) PwOW/OB had a greater odds of reporting weight gain, and Asian PwOW/OB (OR = 0.42) had lower odds of reporting weight loss than Whites. Disparities in provider diet recommendations among Blacks and Hispanics indicated the importance of personalized weight management recommendations. Understanding underlying reasons for discordance between self‐perception and observed weight among different groups is needed. Overall increase in weight, despite current interventions, should be addressed through targeted racially/ethnically appropriate approaches.
Cytokines of the IL‐17 family in psoriasis
Authors: Lauffer Felix , Eyerich Kilian , Boehncke Wolf‐Henning , Asadullah Khusru , Beissert Stefan , Ghoreschi Kamran , Schön Michael P. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryVarious immune cells and their messenger substances influence the development of psoriasis. Cytokines of the IL‐17 family are of particular importance. In addition to IL‐17A, which plays a central role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, other subtypes of the IL‐17 family also have a proinflammatory effect. This review provides an up‐to‐date overview of the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis with regard to the six IL‐17 subtypes, in particular their physiological and pathogenic properties, as well as their significance for psoriasis therapy.
Hippocampal knockdown of α2 nicotinic or M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in C57BL/6J male mice impairs cued fear conditioning
Authors: Mineur Yann S. , Ernstsen Charlotte , Islam Ashraful , Lefoli Maibom Kathrine , Picciotto Marina R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAcetylcholine (ACh) signaling in the hippocampus is important for behaviors related to learning, memory and stress. In this study, we investigated the role of two ACh receptor subtypes previously shown to be involved in fear and anxiety, the M1 mAChR and the α2 nAChR, in mediating the effects of hippocampal ACh on stress‐related behaviors. Adeno‐associated viral vectors containing short‐hairpin RNAs targeting M1 or α2 were infused into the hippocampus of male C57BL/6J mice, and behavior in a number of paradigms related to stress responses and fear learning was evaluated. There were no robust effects of hippocampal M1 mAChR or α2 nAChR knockdown (KD) in the light/dark box, tail suspension, forced swim or novelty‐suppressed feeding tests. However, effects on fear learning were observed in both KD groups. Short term learning was intact immediately after training in all groups of mice, but both the M1 and α2 hippocampal knock down resulted in impaired cued fear conditioning 24 h after training. In addition, there was a trend for a deficit in contextual memory the M1 mAChR KD group 24 h after training. These results suggest that α2 nicotinic and M1 muscarinic ACh receptors in the hippocampus contribute to fear learning and could be relevant targets to modify brain circuits involved in stress‐induced reactivity to associated cues.
Increases in early discharge following acute coronary syndrome hospitalisations and associated clinical outcomes in New Zealand between 2006 and 2015: ANZACS‐QI‐43 study
Authors: Wang Tom Kai Ming , Grey Corina , Jiang Yannan , Bullen Christopher , Jackson Rod , Kerr Andrew 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundInternational guidelines recommend early discharge for uncomplicated acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients within 3 days; however, there is a paucity of contemporary literature regarding the safety of this strategy.AimsTo report the trends in the proportion of ACS hospitalisations discharged within 3 days and their outcomes in New Zealand.MethodsACS hospitalisations 2006–2015 using national routinely collected data were categorised by length of stay (LOS) into ≤3, 4–5 and >5 days, excluding deaths during the index admission. Trend analysis of death, cardiovascular and bleeding events and their composites (net adverse clinical events) at 30‐day and 1‐year post‐discharge were performed using generalised linear mixed regression models adjusting for covariates by LOS subgroups.ResultsAmong 130 037 ACS hospitalisations, LOS ≤ 3 days increased from 32% in 2006 to 44% in 2016. This trend was observed for all demographics, ACS subtypes and management strategies. Event rates at 30 days and 1 year were the lowest for the LOS ≤3 days subgroup (all‐cause mortality 1.6% and 9.1% respectively). Thirty‐day and 1‐year all‐cause mortality rates were unchanged over time for this subgroup (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.011 (0.985–1.038) and 0.991 (0.979–1.003)), while net adverse clinical event rates significantly decreased (0.962 (0.950–0.973) and 0.972 (0.964–0.980) respectively).ConclusionThere was a substantial increase in early discharge post‐ACS over 10 years. These patients were associated with reduction in adverse clinical events up to 1 year and no increase in all‐cause mortality. These findings from a comprehensive national register suggest that guideline recommendations on early discharge after uncomplicated ACS are safe and appropriate.
Combination therapy of oxidised regenerated cellulose/collagen/silver dressings with negative pressure wound therapy for coverage of exposed critical structures in complex lower‐extremity wounds
Authors: Loh Mei Ling , Goh Benjamin K. L. , Kong Yuan , Varughese George , Ng Jia Lin , Lo Zhiwen J. , Pek Chong Han 
Published: May 2020

AbstractComplex wounds with exposed critical structures such as tendon and bone are a conundrum in wound management, especially in the setting where the patient is not a suitable candidate for flap surgery. While the individual use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and oxidised regenerated cellulose (ORC)/collagen/silver (PROMOGRAN PRISMA) dressing has been described in the literature, there are little data on the efficacy of their combined use. In this study, we describe a novel technique of combining the use of NPWT and ORC/collagen/silver dressings to manage complex wound beds as an alternative management option for patients not suitable for reconstructive flap surgery. This technique was performed in a series of 37 patients with complex lower‐extremity wounds that were not healing with conventional NPWT alone. All patients had open wounds with exposed critical structures that were difficult to manage, such as exposed tendon, bone, deep crevices, and joint. Successful coverage of exposed critical structures was achieved in 89% of patients, and coverage was achieved within 28 days of combination therapy in 82% of these patients, without any complications. The novel technique of combining ORC/collagen/silver dressing and NPWT provides a useful option in the armamentarium of a reconstructive surgeon dealing with difficult complex lower‐extremity wounds.
Characterization, tissue distribution of resistin gene and the effect of fasting and refeeding on resistinmRNA expression in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii)
Authors: Tang Ni , Liu Yanlin , Tian Zhengzhi , Xu Shaoqi , Wang Mei , Chen Hu , Wang Bin , Li Ya , Wang Yan , Yang Song , Zhao Liulan , Chen Defang , Li Zhiqiong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractResistin as an adipokine identified from rodents in 2001 is involved in many biological processes. However, little is known about this gene in fish. We cloned Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) resistin cDNA of 795 base pairs, encoding 107 amino acids, which showed 38–40% identity to human and rodents. Real‐time quantitative PCR showed that the resistin gene was widely distributed in tissues of Siberian sturgeon, with the highest expression in liver. After fasting for 1, 3, 6 and 10 days, the expression of the resistin gene in the liver of Siberian sturgeon decreased significantly, and after refeeding on the 10 days of fasting the resistin mRNA expression increased rapidly, suggesting that resistin may play an important role in liver in response to starvation. Taken together, these results suggest that resistin may be involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis in liver.
Trophic ecology and ontogenetic diet shift of the blue skate (Dipturus cf. flossada)
Authors: Brown‐Vuillemin Sarah , Barreau Thomas , Caraguel Jean‐Marie , Iglésias Samuel P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractKnowledge of skate ecology must be improved to ensure their effective protection. This study represents the first description of diet composition for one of the largest European rajid, the blue skate Dipturus cf. flossada. A total of 346 specimens collected in the Celtic Sea from 2012 to 2015 were analysed for their gut content, with respect to individual total length, maturity stage and sex. Overall, the blue skate diet mainly consisted of shrimps and prawns, crabs and teleost fishes. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling and ANOSIM analyses revealed major ontogenetic shifts in the feeding strategy that were related to size and maturity, but not to sex. Shrimps and prawns, mostly composed of Crangon allmanni, dominated the diet of small and immature individuals, while mod‐size skate primarily preyed on crabs. The prevalence of crustaceans decreased with size and maturity, and was gradually replaced by teleost fishes in large mature individuals. A concomitant increase of the trophic level with size revealed that large blue skate become a top predator within the ecosystem. These results highlight the need to include ontogenetic changes in the diet description. As individuals grow and mature, blue skates can play a fundamental role in the structure of the Celtic Sea food web.
Short‐term captivity drives hypothalamic plasticity and asymmetry in wild‐caught northern red bellied dace (Chrosomus eos)
Authors: Joyce Brendan J. , Brown Grant E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTeleost fish are neuroplastic and are known to alter their brain morphology and behaviour in response to environmental change such as an increase in predation pressure. The hypothalamus plays a key role in regulating behavioural responses to predation risk. In this study, wild‐caught northern red bellied dace (Chrosomus eos) developed smaller and less symmetric hypothalami when held in captivity for 14 days; both measures correlated with boldness in a latency to emerge test. This study's results highlight the potential impact of short‐term holding conditions on brains and behaviour.
Developmental ecomorphology of the epibranchial organ of the silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
Authors: Cohen Karly E. , George Amy E. , Chapman Duane C. , Chick John H. , Hernandez L. Patricia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSilver carp regularly consume and digest particles of food as small as 5 μm. This ability drives their efficient consumption of phytoplankton and because they feed low on the food chain they have an important place in aquaculture worldwide. In North America, where they are considered invasive, silver carp deplete food resources for native species and in so doing occupy increased niche space. Here, we determine the ontogenetic stage and size at which silver carp are morphologically capable of primarily feeding on particles <10 μm. Ecological studies on this species have shown that there is an ontogenetic shift in diet as predominantly zooplanktivorous juveniles later switch to eating much smaller phytoplankton. The occupation of this new trophic niche presents both a metabolic and a mechanical challenge to these fish, since it is unclear how they can efficiently feed on such small particles. We hypothesize that the epibranchial organ (EBO) in silver carp is essential in aggregating these small particles of food, allowing the species to consume mass quantities of tiny particles, thus mitigating metabolic constraints. In this study, we investigate early ontogeny of the EBO in silver carp to determine when this structure achieves the requisite morphology to become functional. We find that at around 80 mm standard length (SL) the EBOs are consistently filled with food, demonstrating that this accumulating organ has become functional. This size corresponds with previous ecological data documenting important shifts in the type of food consumed. While the basic bauplan of the EBO is established very early in ontogeny (by 15 mm SL), multiple waves of histological maturation of muscle, cartilage, gill rakers and epithelium ultimately form the functional structure.
Effects of biological traits on capture‐induced parturition in a freshwater stingray and perspectives for species management
Authors: de Sousa Rangel Bianca , de Castro Ribeiro Douglas , Chagas Jumma M. A. , Spada Lucas , Moreira Renata G. , da Silva Ribeiro Cristiéle 
Published: May 2020

AbstractElasmobranchs are particularly vulnerable to overexploitation and population depletion, especially due to their life‐history traits, such as low reproductive output and slow growth. Given that capture‐induced parturition (abortion or premature birth) is a common consequence of fisheries in elasmobranchs, but still little studied, we investigated how the abortion/premature birth process varies in response to reproductive traits in a freshwater stingray, Potamotrygon amandae. Our results revealed that capture‐induced parturition was affected by reproductive traits, such as litter size (one to seven) and gestation stage. The event occurred faster in pregnant females with high litter size during late pregnancy. Also, as found in other elasmobranchs, litter size was positively correlated with maternal size. These findings indicate that larger pregnant females in late pregnancy are more vulnerable to capture‐induced parturition. This study improves our understanding of the capture‐induced parturition process in stingrays, and provides useful information for management strategies and future recommendations for elasmobranch conservation.
650 usec 1064nm Nd:YAG laser treatment of acne: A double‐blind randomized control study
Authors: Kesty Katarina , Goldberg David J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundA variety of energy‐based devices have been used to treat acne. However, all studies have been subjective and have not involved double‐blind and randomized controlled studies.AimsWe undertook a randomized controlled study evaluating the use of a 650 usec 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser compared with a sham in the treatment of acne.Patients/MethodsA total of 20 subjects with moderate‐to‐severe acne were randomized to receive either 650 usec 1064nm Nd:YAG laser or sham treatment. All subjects received 3 treatments, two weeks apart, plus an additional session undertaken 4 weeks after the 3rd treatment. Subjects were evaluated for investigator global improvement, improvement in inflammatory lesions, improvement in comedonal lesions, total porphyrin score, and total sebum score.ResultsThe laser‐treated group showed an Investigator's Global Assessment Scale (IGA) improvement of 26% compared with 7% for the sham group (a 271% improvement over sham treatment group). The treatment group also showed a decrease in the number of inflammatory lesions of 42% compared with 26% in the sham group (a 62% improvement over sham). The laser‐treated cohort also experienced a reduction in total number of comedones similar to that seen with inflammatory lesions and a decrease in total porphyrin score. There was also an 18% reduction in sebum production in the treated group, compared with 9% in the sham group (a 100% improvement).ConclusionThis is the first study that has compared laser treatment of acne compared with a sham treatment. A 650 usec 1064nm Nd:YAG laser can effectively treat acne.
Alternative mental health clinical placements: Knowledge transfer and benefits for nursing practice outside mental healthcare settings
Authors: Goman Caitlin , Patterson Christopher , Moxham Lorna , Harada Theresa , Tapsell Amy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAim and objectivesTo explore whether nursing student's experiences at Recovery Camp have impacted their current nursing practices.BackgroundRecently, there has been a move towards more holistic models of nursing care, which seek to break down barriers of stigmatisation and embrace the tenets of self‐determination, to acknowledge people with lived experiences of mental illness and their ability to manage their recovery. In that regard, future health professionals such as nursing students will need to be educated in a manner that recognises the importance of lived experience. In this paper, we propose that Recovery Camp, an alternative clinical placement setting model, enhances clinical practice in multiple domains and is beneficial for both nursing practitioners and people with lived experiences of mental illness, as well as offering an effective nontraditional alternative to conventional clinical placement opportunities.MethodsThis study employed a phenomenological research design, involving individual semi‐structured telephone interviews. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklist was adhered to.ResultsThree main themes were identified from the analysis: (a) engagement, (b) understanding mental health and (c) holistic care. “I definitely look at people with mental health conditions in a different light.” At Recovery Camp, participants felt that they had greater opportunities for engagement with people with lived experiences, and through this engagement, their preconceptions of mental illness began to change.ConclusionsRecovery Camp may have facilitated the transfer of knowledge that is more person‐centred among nursing students, consequently impacting their current nursing practices.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses should be equipped with mental health skills regardless of their career trajectory. While Recovery Camp represents a promising approach to facilitate knowledge transfer, further investigation will be required to determine which other factors are instrumental. This approach may have wider implications for nursing education.