bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Free Gossypol and Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids Present in the Feed on the Productivity, Quality, Elasticity, and Microstructure of Hens’ Egg
Authors: Chen Dawei , Liu Yinyin , Ma Lina , Pu Junhua , Lu Junxian , Tang Xiujun , Gu Rong , Huang Shenghai , Ding Hongmei , Gao Yushi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Free gossypol (FG) and cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFAs) are two main natural toxins in cottonseed meal(CSM). The increased yolk elasticity under cold storage conditions is related to the excessive CSM in the feed. However, which toxin caused the increased yolk elasticity is still not clear. RESULTS: Our results show that the addition of FG or CPFA to the diet significantly reduced the egg production and feed conversion ratio. Besides, FG also resulted in a decrease in egg weight. The storage of eggs at 4 °C for four weeks resulted in a significant increase in elasticity and a decrease in the concentration of iron and calcium in the boiled yolks of CPFA and CSM groups when compared to the control. CPFA and CSM supplemented groups also showed an increase in pH and content of water in the yolk. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images from the CPFA and CSM groups revealed that the morphology of the vitelline membrane of eggs was characterized by different-sized holes. Furthermore, after four weeks of cold storage, the morphology of the vitelline granules in the CPFA and CSM supplemented groups were damaged; however, there were no significant alterations found in the FG group. CONCLUSION: The main cause of the “sponge-bob egg” effect was the presence of CPFA in cottonseed meal, which causes an increase in permeability of the vitelline membrane in eggs.
Mutation of TRIM28-Lys304 to Gln Attenuates its Interaction with KRAB-ZNFs and Promotes Differentiation of Erythroleukemic K562 Cells
Authors: Chang Yao-Jen , Lin Steven , Kang Zhifu , Shen Bin-Jon , Tsai Wen-Hai , Chen Wen-Ching , Lu Hsin-Pin , Lin Sheng-Wei , Lin Shu-Yu , Chou Shu-Jen , Lee Chia-Wei , Huang Yin-Jung , Wang Hsin-Hui , Chang Ching-Jin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTRIM28/KAP1/TIF1β is a key epigenetic modifier. Genetic ablation of trim28 is embryonic lethal although RNAi-mediated knockdown in somatic cells yields viable cells. Reduction in TRIM28 abundance at the cellular or organismal level results in polyphenism. Posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation and sumoylation have been shown to regulate TRIM28 activity. Moreover, the methylation of DNA, RNA and histones and acetylation of histones are key epigenetic modifications that regulate gene expression. A number of lysine residues of TRIM28 are subject to acetylation, but how acetylation of TRIM28 affects its functions remains poorly understood. ResultsHere we report that, compared with wild-type TRIM28, the acetylation-mimic mutant TRIM28-K304Q has an altered interaction with Krüppel-associated box zinc-finger proteins (KRAB-ZNFs), with consequent effects on the phenotype of the erythroleukemic cell line K562. TRIM28-K304Q was comparable with its wild-type counterpart with respect to intracellular level, homodimerization, phosphorylation at S473 and S824, and interactions with heterochromatin-binding protein HP1. The expression of embryonic-related and fetal globin genes was activated in TRIM28-K304Q mutant cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that TRIM28-K304Q and TRIM28 knockout K562 cells had similar global gene expression profiles, yet the profiles differed considerably from that of wild-type K562 cells. The gene expression ensemble of mutant K562 cells indicated a general induction of differentiation-promoting genes and attenuation of proliferation-promoting genes. ConclusionsThese results suggest that acetylation/deacetylation of K304 in TRIM28 or TRIM28-K304Q constitutes a switch for regulating its interaction with KRAB-ZNFs and alters the gene regulation of this key epigenetic modifier as demonstrated by the acetylation mimic TRIM28-K304Q.
CE-CAM model for evaluating CD133lo Cancer Stem Cells in Retinoblastoma
Authors: Nair Rohini M , Revu Narayana VL , Gali Sucharita , Kallamadi Prathap Reddy , Prabhu Varsha , Manukonda Radhika , Nemani Harishankar , Kaliki Swathi , Vemuganti Geeta K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCancer Stem Cells (CSCs) reported in various tumors, play a crucial role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Following the efforts to reduce, replace and refine the use of mammalian models, we aimed to establish a short-term xenograft for Retinoblastoma (Rb) to evaluate the tumorigenic and metastatic potential of CD133lo CSCs in Rb Y79 cells, using the well-established chick embryo (CE) model. MethodsTotal and CD133 sorted Rb Y79 cells, labelled with eGFP/CM-Dil tracking dye, were transplanted onto the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of day-7 chick embryos and incubated for 7 days. The tumor formation on CAM and metastasis to the embryos were evaluated by confocal microscopy, in-vivo imaging, and histopathology. ResultsY79 cells formed pink-white raised perivascular nodules on the CAM with CD133lo CSCs exhibiting larger nodules when compared to CD133hi cells and total Y79 (p<0.05). In-vivo imaging revealed that the labeled cells metastasized to the embryos with the fluorescent signals visible in the abdominal area, cephalus and the limbs. Histopathologic studies confirmed the presence of tumor cells on the CAM, organs of embryos transplanted with Y79 cells, more so with CD133lo CSCs. ConclusionsThis study highlights that the CE-CAM is a feasible alternative non-mammalian model for evaluating tumorigenicity and metastatic potential of Rb CSCs. The study also provides preliminary evidence that Rb Y79 CD133lo CSCs show higher propensity to form tumor nodules on the CAM and are more invasive than non CSCs, thus, supporting our earlier evidence that they are endowed with CSC properties.
Spatial Autocorrelation in Health Loss of Kashin-Beck Disease and Relationship to Environmental Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bin County, Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Xiaoya , Li Hairong , Yang Linsheng , Li Yingchun , Kong Chang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is one of the major endemic diseases in China, which severely impacts the physical health and life quality of people. A better understanding of the spatial distribution of the health loss from KBD and its influencing factors will help to identify areas and populations at high risk so as to plan for targeted interventions. Methods: The data of patients with KBD at village-level were collected to estimate and analyze the spatial pattern of health loss from KBD in Bin County, Shaanxi Province. The years lived with disability (YLDs) index was applied as a measure of health loss from KBD. Spatial autocorrelation methodologies, including Global Moran’s I and Local Moran’s I, were used to describe and map spatial clusters of the health loss from KBD. In addition, selenium concentrations in soil and wheat samples in Bin County were determined to detect their relationships with the distribution of health loss of KBD. Results: The estimation of YLDs for KBD showed that patients with KBD of grade II and patients over 50 years old contributed the most to the health loss in Bin County. There was no significant difference between the two genders. The spatial patterns of YLDs and YLD rate of KBD were clustered significantly at both global and local scales. Villages in the southwestern and eastern regions revealed higher health loss, while those in the northern regions exhibited lower health loss. This clustering was found to be closely related to organically bound Se in soil and poverty rate of KBD patients. Conclusions: Our results suggest that future treatment and prevention of KBD should focus on endemic areas with high organically bound Se in soil and poor economic conditions. The method of estimating the health loss of KBD with YLDs can be useful for KBD surveillance for public health officials.
Random Beamforming in Mobile mmWave Systems: Performance Evaluation and Parameters Optimization
Authors: Aljumaily Mustafa Sadiq , Li Husheng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Random Beamforming (RBF) is considered one of the most promising beamforming techniques especially for Massive MIMO mmWave systems. It has been proven to achieve optimal sumrate capacity for downlink MIMO systems for many applications. In this paper, the RBF is implemented in a mmWave MIMO systems with mobile users and the effect of this mobility is studied. Beside that, some parameters of the system have been optimized for different realistic scenarios. The mathematical derivation of the system model and the simulation using some practical values have been conducted. The resulted degradation in system throughput as a consequence of beamforming outage that results from users mobility is calculated. Many factors that affect the system throughput were considered in the derivation. The second part of the paper is going a further step in optimizing the network parameters for different operation scenarios. These parameters include the frame duration and beam width. Taking in consideration that the outage probability is a Convex optimization problem, the optimal values of these parameters were derived. for the walking and running users cases.
Establish a new equation for ultrasonographic estimated fetal weight in Chongqing: a prospective study
Authors: Wu Chenhuizi , Sun Jianfeng , Cai Liuyun , Deng Xinru , Zhang Fenglan , Shu Yang , Zhang Maochao , Luo Xiaodong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Variation in fetal growth between populations should not be ignored, and a single universal standard is not appropriate for everyone. Therefore, according to regional population characteristics, it is necessary to find a more accurate equation for ultrasound estimation of fetal weight. The purpose of this study was to create a new equation for ultrasound estimation of fetal weight according to the local population in Chongqing and compare it with representative equations. Methods: This prospective study included data on pregnant women who gave birth to a single child at full term in our hospital from December 2016 to November 2019. The fetal weight compensation model was established by using the second-order linear regression model, then the equation of fetal weight was established by utilizing the multiple reverse elimination regression technique. The accuracy of the equation established in this study was respectively compared with the Hadlock equation, Combs equation and Stirnemann equation by estimation error.Results: Through the fetal weight compensation equation, the predicted fetal weight equation suitable for Chongqing fetuses was successfully established with the variables of biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur length. In the sets established by 1925 data, the mean absolute error and standard deviation of the estimation error of the equation established in this study were 178.9g and 140.3g respectively. In the 300 validation sets, the mean absolute error and Standard deviation of Chongqing equation were 173.08g and 128.59g respectively. Compared with representative equations, the mean absolute error and the standard deviation of the new equation were the lowest.Conclusions: According to the local population characteristics of Chongqing, this study created the equation for estimated fetal weight, which is more accurate and suitable. This equation has high clinical guidance and reference value for monitoring and management of fetal weight and maternal delivery process.
Difference in the performance of diagnosing colorectal liver metastasis between computed tomography and carcinoembryonic antigen
Authors: Zhang Keqian , Mao Tianqi , He Zhicheng , Wu Xiaojiao , Peng Yu , Chen Yanrong , Dong Yan , Ruan Zhihua , Wang Zhe 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The study was performed to compare the diagnostic roles of computed tomography (CT) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM).Methods: 255 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) were enrolled. These patients were confirmed as CRLM by histopathological assay. CT scans of the liver were performed with a 64-slice CT system. Serum CEA levels were determined using a human circulating cancer biomarker magnetic bead panel. True positive (TP), false positive (FP), true negative (TN) and false negative (FN) were calculated for CT and CEA with histopathological assay as golden standard.Results: 142 CRLM patients and 113 non-CRLM patients were confirmed in the study. There were no obvious differences in age, sex and Dukes stage between CRLM and non-CRLM patients (P＞0.05). Diagnostic roles of CT and CEA on per-patient and per-lesion were analyzed. Detection sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of CT on per-patient basis were 74.7%, 56.4%, 52.1%, and 77.9%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of CEA were 64.4%, 51.4%, 49.3%, and 67.3%. In the analysis on per-lesion basis, detection sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of CT were increased to 87.8%, 88.8%, 91.5%, and 84.1%, respectively. Detection sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of CEA on per-lesion basis were 82.6%, 64.4%, 63.4%, and 83.2%.Conclusion: CT exhibited better performances than CEA in diagnosis of CRLM on both of per-patient and per-lesion basis.
Urine MACC1 Plays an Indicative Role in Diagnosing Bladder Cancer
Authors: Zi Hao , Tao Wen-Lin , Gao Lei , Yu Zhao-Hua , Bai Xiao-Dong , Li Xiao-Dong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Present study aimed to estimate the diagnostic efficacy of urine Metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) for bladder cancer patients.Methods: Urine MACC1 expression was measured in bladder cancer patients and controls via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. Chi-square test was used to assess the correlation of urine MACC1 levels with clinicopathological features of the patients. The diagnostic performance of urine MACC1 was evaluated by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve.Results: Urine MACC1 was obviously elevated in bladder cancer patients compared with controls (P<0.001). What’s more, abnormal urine MACC1 expression was significantly correlated with differentiation (P=0.013), tumor stage (P=0.023), lymph node metastasis (P=0.033) and distant metastasis (P=0.026). Furthermore, according to ROC analysis, urine MACC1 could distinguish bladder cancer patients from controls with an AUC (the areas under the ROC curve) of 0.909. The cut-off value of urine MACC1 for bladder cancer diagnosis was 1.275, with 79.8% specificity and 87.3% sensitivity.Conclusion: Urine MACC1 may be act as a biomarkers for diagnosis of bladder cancer.
Site-specific Methylation of SST&nbsp;Gene May Serve as a Biomarker for Risk Prediction of Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers as Well as Promoting Malignant Behavior by Regulating Gene Expression
Authors: Dai Xiantong , Wu Ying , Lv Zhi , Yu Zhanwu , Yuan Yuan , Sun Liping 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: DNA methylation plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression as well as the occurrence and development of cancer. Abnormal hypermethylation in the promoter region of tumor suppressor genes is a recognized molecular events related to carcinogenesis. Somatostatin (SST) is considered as a tumor suppressor gene. The study aims to explore the relationship between the promoter methylation status of SST and the risk of gastrointestinal tract cancers and further to evaluate its diagnostic value.Methods: Tissue samples were used for DNA isolation and RNA isolation. SST methylation was detected by biosulfite sequencing PCR, and SST mRNA expression was detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The receiver operating curve (ROC) was drawn to evaluate the efficacy of SST CpG methylation on the diagnosis of digestive tract tumors by calculating the sensitivity, specificity and Youden index.Results: The methylation level of SST promoter in cancer tissue were significantly increased compared with adjacent control tissue (EC: 0.649 ± 0.078 vs. 0.569 ± 0.107, p <0.05, GC: 0.622 ± 0.09 vs. 0.588 ± 0.079, p <0.05, CC : 0.663 ± 0.083 vs. 0.617 ± 0.042 p <0.05). Significantly different methylation sites contained CpG +18, +25, +44, +94, +100, +127, and +129. SST methylation status was associated with clinical phenotypes such as lymph node metastasis and vascular tumor thrombus. CpG sites in two tumors (+85 in EC, +94 in CC) were positively correlated with the depth of infiltration. The expression level of SST in gastric and colorectal cancer tissue was significantly lower than that in adjacent control tissue (both p <0.001). However, no statistically significant difference was found in EC group (p = 0.32). Except CpG +25 and +85 sites in GC and the +25, +85 and +148 sites in CRC, the methylation rate of each CpG was negatively correlated with gene expression (all P <0.05). Combined detection of eight CpG sites methylation (+18,+42,+44,+85,+92,+94,+129 and+138) showed the best area under the curve of 0.817 with sensitivity of 76.5% and specificity of 75%.Conclusions: Abnormal hypermethylation in SST promoter region increased the risk of gastrointestinal tract tumors, as well as promoting cancer progression by regulating gene expression. SST methylation status may serve as site-specific biomarker for risk prediction of gastrointestinal tract tumors.
Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome with Non-Alcoholic and Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Han A Lum , Shin Sae-Ron 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the differences between the incidence of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD). Methods: We compared the incidence of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome between the three groups of subjects (n = 913): healthy, NAFLD, and AFLD groups. The healthy group had no liver disease. Drinking quantity for diagnosis was based on a previously accepted standard. Both the NAFLD and AFLD groups comprised patients with fatty liver disease diagnosed using computed tomography (CT). Metabolic syndrome risk was compared between the NAFLD and AFLD groups.Results: No significant differences in several cardiovascular risk factors were observed between the NAFLD and AFLD groups. Analysis of the metabolic syndrome status in each group after making appropriate adjustments, the odds ratios (OR) in the NAFLD (OR = 2.397, P = 0.002) and AFLD groups (OR = 4.445, P = 0.001) were found to be significantly higher than that in the healthy group; the incidence rate of metabolic syndrome was similar in the NAFLD and AFLD groups.Conclusion: Both the NAFLD and AFLD groups had more cardiovascular risk factors and higher metabolic syndrome risk than the healthy group. Thus, the prevention of fatty liver disease, regardless of the specific type, should involve the identification of cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome risk factors. If abdominal CT reveals a fatty liver, whether NAFLD or AFLD, the risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome should be assessed.
Effect of coagulation time on the concentration of epitheliotrophic components of autologous serum.
Authors: Miguel-Camacho Ana , García-Guillén Karla , Aguirre-Garza Marcelino , León-Cachón Rafael BR , Amparo Francisco , Garza Manuel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: To know the influence of coagulation time on the concentration of epitheliotropic factors of autologous serum.Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional and experimental study was conducted evaluating the concentrations of epitheliotropic factors in the serum of 20 healthy volunteers over 18 years of age, who did not suffer from diseases or took any medication or with a history of blood transfusion in the last year, those with diagnosis of anemia, coagulation diseases or another situation that contraindicates the sampling were excluded. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and Fibronectin were quantified in the various undiluted serum samples by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: 65% were male with an average age of 22.7 ± 5.47 years (range 19 to 45 years). Age was similar in both groups (p = 0.87), men had an average age of 22.85 ± 6.84 years and women 22.43 ± 1.13 years. Vitamin A and Fibronectin did not have a statistically significant difference of concentration at 2 and 24 hours, while the concentration of TGF-β1 had a statistically significant decrease as the clot formation time increased (average 0.22 range, 0.003,0.451), opposite, the EGF increased its concentration statistically significantly with the longer coagulation time (average -0.39 range, -0.60, -0.18).Conclusions: a prolonged clotting time (24 hours) have a significant impact on the composition and epitheliotrophic factors of the serum, increasing the EGF concentrations, and lowering the TGF-β1.
Silencing microRNA155 transforms the properties of endotoxin tolerant dendritic cells and enhance its therapeutic effect on sepsis murine model.
Authors: Yang Min , Hou Chao-Chen , Yang Yan-Yan , Li Shan-Shan , Kong De-Yong , Chen You-Ran , Zhang Hui-Fang , Lu Ming-Qin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Sepsis refers to the body's dysfunctional response to infection and leads to life-threatening organ dysfunction. Dentritic cells (DCs), a kind of powerful functional antigen-presenting cell, plays a critical role in immune response and has been used in the field of immunotherapy for multiple diseases. Endotoxin tolerance is a phenomenon that believed to prevent the organism from producing persistent and excessive inflammatory reaction and numerous studies indicated that endotoxin tolerant dendritic cells (ETDCs) have therapeutic effects on experimental models of several diseases. MicroRNA155(miR155), which plays a pivotal role in various physiological and pathological processes in immunity, was reported associated with the formation of endotoxin tolerance. In this paper, we explored the change of properties after silencing miR155 in ETDCs then attempted to study its effects on the murine model of sepsis. Endotoxin tolerant dendritic cells were transfected with adenovirus silencing miR155 and negative control adenovirus, thereafter collected for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of miR155, costimulatory molecules analysis, allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction and cytokine concentration evaluation. 42 balb/c mice were randomly divided into control group, sham operation group, sepsis group, ETDCs treatment group and miR155-/-ETDCs treatment group. Two treatment groups respectively received tail vein injection of ETDCs and miR155-/-ETDCs 24h earlier than cacal ligation puncture. Our results revealed that silencing miR155 could deepen the immature status of ETDCs and both ETDCs and miR155-/-ETDCs performed a protective effect in murine sepsis models while miR155-/-ETDCs got a better protection. We reasoned that miR155 participates the formation of endotoxin tolerance and the protective effects of ETDCs and miR155-/-ETDCs in the early stage of sepsis may achieved by altering the concentration of mouse cytokines to affect T cell differentiation and exert negative immune regulation.