bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mendelian randomization study on vitamin D levels and osteoarthritis risk: a concise report
Authors: Bergink Arjan P , Trajanoska Katerina , Uitterlinden André G , van Meurs Joyce B J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
The role of vitamin D in OA is unclear and previous epidemiological studies have provided inconsistent results. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the causal relationship between genetically determined serum vitamin D levels and hip/knee OA.

Methods
Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with vitamin D levels in the Study of Underlying Genetic Determinants of Vitamin D and Highly Related Traits Consortium were selected as instrumental variables. Summary statistics of the SNPs effects on OA were derived from the Iceland and UK Biobank, comprising 23 877 knee OA cases, 17 151 hip OA cases and &gt;562 000 controls. The control samples match the OA cases in age, sex and county of origin.

Results
The MR analyses showed no causal association between genetically determined vitamin D levels and knee OA [odds ratio (OR) 1.03 (95% CI 0.84, 1.26)] or hip OA [OR 1.06 (95% CI 0.83, 1.35)].

Conclusion
Genetic variations associated with low vitamin D serum levels are not associated with increased risk of hip or knee OA in community-dwelling older adults, suggesting that vitamin D levels are not causally linked to OA. It is therefore unlikely that vitamin D supplementation protects against hip or knee OA.
A Recessively Inherited Risk Locus on Chromosome 13q22-31 Conferring Susceptibility to Schizophrenia
Authors: Mahmood Tariq , El-Asrag Mohammed E , Poulter James A , Cardno Alastair G , Tomlinson Anneka , Ahmed Sophia , Al-Amri Ahmed , Nazari Jamshid , Neill Joanna , Chamali Rifka S , Kiwan Nancy , Ghuloum Suhaila , Alhaj Hamid A , Randerson Moor Juliette , Khan Shabana , Al-Amin Hassen , Johnson Colin A , Woodruff Peter , Wilkinson Iain D , Ali Manir , Clapcote Steven J , Inglehearn Chris F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We report a consanguineous family in which schizophrenia segregates in a manner consistent with recessive inheritance of a rare, partial-penetrance susceptibility allele. From 4 marriages between 2 sets of siblings who are half first cousins, 6 offspring have diagnoses of psychotic disorder. Homozygosity mapping revealed a 6.1-Mb homozygous region on chromosome 13q22.2-31.1 shared by all affected individuals, containing 13 protein-coding genes. Microsatellite analysis confirmed homozygosity for the affected haplotype in 12 further apparently unaffected members of the family. Psychiatric reports suggested an endophenotype of milder psychiatric illness in 4 of these individuals. Exome and genome sequencing revealed no potentially pathogenic coding or structural variants within the risk haplotype. Filtering for noncoding variants with a minor allele frequency of &lt;0.05 identified 17 variants predicted to have significant effects, the 2 most significant being within or adjacent to the SCEL gene. RNA sequencing of blood from an affected homozygote showed the upregulation of transcription from NDFIP2 and SCEL. NDFIP2 is highly expressed in brain, unlike SCEL, and is involved in determining T helper (Th) cell type 1 and Th2 phenotypes, which have previously been implicated with schizophrenia.
Impact of single or repeated short-term heat challenges mimicking summer heat waves on thermoregulatory responses and performances in finishing pigs
Authors: Renaudeau David 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of single or repeated short heat stress (HS) challenges that mimicked summer heat waves on performance and thermoregulatory responses in finishing pigs. A total of 45 crossbred castrated males were tested in three consecutive replicates of 15 pigs. Within each replicate, pigs were assigned to one of five treatments. Pigs in treatment group TTT were maintained in thermoneutral conditions (22 °C) for the entire experiment (45 d). Pigs in treatment group HHH were subjected to an HS challenge (32 °C for 5 d) at 113, 127, and 141 d of age (in experimental periods P1, P2, and P3, respectively). Pigs in treatment groups HTT, THT, and TTH were subjected to the HS challenge at 113, 127, or 141 d of age, respectively. Each 5-d challenge was preceded by a 3-d prechallenge period and followed by a 7-d recovery period. Pigs were housed in individual pens and fed ad libitum. HS significantly reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI) and the average daily gain (ADG). Expressed as a percentage of the performance observed during the prechallenge period, ADFI decreased by 12%, 22%, and 26% and ADG decreased by 12%, 43%, and 72% in the HTT, THT, and TTH groups, respectively. Regardless of the experimental group, no compensatory performance was observed during the recovery period, suggesting that HS has a long-lasting effect on animal performance. Pigs subjected to HS had an immediate increase in core body temperature (Tcore), skin temperature, and respiratory rate, all of which gradually decreased during the HS challenge. Based on Tcore measurements, hypothermia was observed during the recovery period in each of the three experimental periods, especially for pigs in the HHH and the HTT groups but only during the first HS cycle. Repeated exposure to HS for the HHH group resulted in heat acclimation responses characterized by a lower increase in Tcore and lower decrease in ADFI during P2 and P3 than during P1.
Up-regulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis system in peach species by peach aphids produces anthocyanins that protect the aphids against UVB and UVC radiation
Authors: Zhou Wei , Jia Mingyue , Zhang Guangchen , Sun Jian , Li Qilong , Wang Xianling , Hua Juan , Luo Shihong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Conspicuous color is a common trait of foliar galls, but their relationship with gall-inducing insects is unknown. Red and green galls were taken from sunny or shady parts of peach species Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. f. rubro-plena Schneid with peach aphid Tuberocephalus momonis (Matsumura) infestation. We found that the loss of photosynthetic pigments was associated with the conspicuous coloration of green gall tissues. The concentrations of anthocyanins significantly increased following ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of green gall tissues, suggesting that accumulation of anthocyanins in red galls is related to ultraviolet B and C (UVB and UVC) radiation. The expression of structural genes related to the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid and malic acid benzoate was increased in all gall tissues and negatively correlated with the expression profiles of certain genes associated with photosynthetic biosynthesis, indicating that the increased transcript levels of the phenylpropanoid pathway might cause loss of photosynthetic efficiency in the gall tissues. Transcriptome and quantitative reverse transcription PCR analyses revealed that MYB transcription factors that up-regulate the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in red gall tissues might be activated by both UVB and UVC exposure. Comet assays suggest that green and red gall tissues have similar DNA damage following UV irradiation. No obvious effect of the up-regulated compounds on the growth of the peach aphid was observed. Interestingly, peach aphids under leaves painted with anthocyanins had lower mortality following UV irradiation than those in controls. These results suggest that the anthocyanins in red gall tissues have a defensive function for the peach aphid, protecting it against UV radiation.
Integrative taxonomy of giant crestedEusirusin the Southern Ocean, including the description of a new species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Eusiridae)
Authors: Verheye Marie L , D’Udekem D’Acoz Cédric 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAmong Antarctic amphipods of the genus Eusirus, a highly distinctive clade of giant species is characterized by a dorsal, blade-shaped tooth on pereionites 5–7 and pleonites 1–3. This lineage, herein named ‘crested Eusirus’, includes two potential species complexes, the Eusirus perdentatus and Eusirus giganteus complexes, in addition to the more distinctive Eusirus propeperdentatus. Molecular phylogenies and statistical parsimony networks (COI, CytB and ITS2) of crested Eusirus are herein reconstructed. This study aims to formally revise species diversity within crested Eusirus by applying several species delimitation methods (Bayesian implementation of the Poisson tree processes model, general mixed Yule coalescent, multi-rate Poisson tree processes and automatic barcode gap discovery) on the resulting phylogenies. In addition, results from the DNA-based methods are benchmarked against a detailed morphological analysis of all available specimens of the E. perdentatus complex. Our results indicate that species diversity of crested Eusirus is underestimated. Overall, DNA-based methods suggest that the E. perdentatus complex is composed of three putative species and that the E. giganteus complex includes four or five putative species. The morphological analysis of available specimens from the E. perdentatus complex corroborates molecular results by identifying two differentiable species, the genuine E. perdentatus and a new species, herein described as Eusirus pontomedon sp. nov.
Video Laryngoscope Intubation With an Aerosol Barrier Device: A Randomized Sequential Crossover Pilot Study
Authors: Idei Masafumi , Nomura Takeshi , Jouvet Philippe , Aubin Carl Eric , Kawaguchi Atsushi , Nakagawa Masashi 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
To assess the impact of the use of aerosol barrier device, Splashguard-CG, on the endotracheal intubation with different types of laryngoscope.

Design:
A pilot randomized sequential crossover simulation study.

Setting:
A single academic center in Japan.

Subjects:
Physicians in a single academic university hospital in Japan.

Interventions:
Use of Splashguard-CG.

Measurements and Main Results:
All participants were asked to perform endotracheal intubation to a manikin simulator using three different devices (Macintosh laryngoscope; Airway Scope [Nihon Kohden, Tokyo, Japan]; and McGRATH MAC [Aircraft Medical, Edinburgh, United Kingdom]) with and without Splashguard-CG in place, which required a total of six attempts and measured the intubation time as the primary outcome. Thirty physicians (15 experienced physicians and 15 less-experienced physicians) were included. Intubation time using Macintosh laryngoscope was significantly longer in the group with Macintosh laryngoscope and Splashguard-CG compared with the group without Splashguard-CG by the median difference of 4.3 seconds (interquartile range, 2.6–7.4 s; p < 0.001). There was no significant increase in the intubation time with or without Splashguard-CG for the Airway Scope (0.6 s; interquartile range, –3.7 to 3.2 s; p = 0.97) and the McGRATH MAC (0.5 s; interquartile range, –1.4 to 4.6 s; p = 0.09). This trend was found in both the experienced and less-experienced groups. We observed significant increases of subjective difficulty of the endotracheal intubation evaluated by using a Visual Analog Scale in the Splashguard-CG groups for all three types of devices.

Conclusions:
The use of a video laryngoscope with an aerosol barrier device does not impact the time required endotracheal intubation in a simulation environment. This method can be considered as airway management for coronavirus disease 2019.
Early Prediction of Sepsis From Clinical Data Using Ratio and Power-Based Features
Authors: Nesaragi Naimahmed , Patidar Shivnarayan 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
Early prediction of sepsis is of utmost importance to provide optimal care at an early stage. This work aims to deploy soft-computing and machine learning techniques for early prediction of sepsis.

Design:
An algorithm for early identification of sepsis using ratio and power-based feature transformation of easily obtainable clinical data.

Setting:
PhysioNet Challenge 2019 provided ICU data from three separate hospital systems. Publicly shared data from two hospital systems are used for training and validation purposes, whereas sequestered data from all the three systems is used for testing.

Patients:
Over 60,000 ICU patients with up to 40 clinical variables are sourced for each hour of their ICU stay. The Sepsis-3 criterion is applied for annotation.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
The clinical feature exploration for early prediction of sepsis is achieved using the proposed framework named genetic algorithm optimized ratio and power-based expert algorithm. An optimal feature set containing 46 ratio and power-based features is computed from the given patient covariates using genetic algorithm optimized ratio and power-based expert and grouped with identified 17 raw features and 55 statistical features to form a final feature set of 118 clinical features to predict the onset of sepsis in the proceeding 6 hours. The obtained features are fed to a hybrid Random Under-Sampling-Boosting algorithm, called RUSBoost for alleviating the involved class imbalance. The optimal RUSBoost model has achieved a normalized utility score of 0.318 on full test data.

Conclusions:
The proposed study supports the realization of a hospital-specific customized solution in the form of an early-warning system for sepsis. However, an extended analysis is necessary to apply this framework for hospital-independent diagnosis of sepsis in general. Nevertheless, the clinical utility of hospital-specific customized solutions based on the proposed method across a wide range of hospital systems needs to be studied.
Reconstruction of Orbital Exenteration Defect With Cheek or Combined Cheek and Forehead Advancement Flaps
Authors: Bilge Ayse Dolar , Yazici Bulent , Efe Ayse Cetin 
Published: October 2020

Purpose:
To review the outcomes of orbital exenteration defect reconstruction using cheek or combined cheek-forehead advancement flap.

Methods:
Charts of 14 patients who underwent reconstruction of the exenterated orbit with cheek advancement flap were reviewed. In surgery, a cheek flap elevated via a nasofacial sulcus incision, and preperiosteal dissection was advanced over the defect. The upper orbital defect, if necessary, was covered with a forehead flap, which was dissected through an incision in the midline or temporal forehead and advanced inferiorly.

Results:
In all patients (7 women, 7 men; mean age, 65 years), total (n = 7) or extended (n = 7) exenteration was performed for a malignant tumor. In 12 patients (86%), the defect was primarily closed with cheek flap alone (n = 6) or cheek plus forehead (n = 6) advancement flaps. Eight patients received radiotherapy before and after surgery. Four patients (29%) had a total of 6 postoperative complications (skin graft infection, orbital cavitary abscess, osteomyelitis, chronic skin ulcer, and 2 sino-orbital fistulae). The mean follow-up duration was 43 months (range, 11–79 months).

Conclusions:
Cheek advancement flap can be used alone or together with a forehead advancement flap to cover the orbital defects after total or extended exenteration. This repair may be resistant to radiotherapy-related complications in some cases.
Long noncoding RNA HOTAIRM1 promotes myeloid-derived suppressor cell expansion and suppressive functions through up-regulating HOXA1 expression during latent HIV infection
Authors: Zhang Jinyu , Thakuri Bal Krishna Chand , Zhao Juan , Nguyen Lam N. , Nguyen Lam N.T. , Cao Dechao , Dang Xindi , Khanal Sushant , Schank Madison , Lu Zeyuan , Wu Xiao Y. , Morrison Zheng D. , Gazzar Mohamed El , Li Zhengke , Jiang Yong , Ning Shunbin , Wang Ling , Moorman Jonathan P. , Yao Zhi Q. 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) contribute to HIV progression by impairing antiviral immunity; however, the mechanisms responsible for MDSC development during HIV infection are incompletely understood. HOX antisense intergenic RNA myeloid 1 (HOTAIRM1) is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that plays a pivotal role in regulating myeloid cell development via targeting HOXA1. The role of HOTAIRM1--HOXA1 in the differentiation and functions of MDSCs during HIV infection remains unclear.

Methods:
In this study, we measured MDSC induction and suppressive functions by flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and co-culture experiments using CD33+ myeloid cells derived from people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART). We also manipulated the HOTAIRM1--HOXA1 axis in myeloid cells using knockdown and overexpression approaches.

Results:
We demonstrate that HOTAIRM1 and HOXA1 expressions are reciprocally upregulated and are responsible for increased levels of immunosuppressive molecules, such as arginase 1 (Arg1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), in CD33+ myeloid cells derived from PLHIV on ART. We found that overexpression of HOTAIRM1 or HOXA1 in CD33+ cells isolated from healthy individuals promoted the differentiation and suppressive functions of MDSCs, whereas silencing of HOTAIRM1 or HOXA1 expression in MDSCs derived from PLHIV significantly inhibited the frequency of MDSCs and expressions of the immunosuppressive molecules and reduced their immunosuppressive effects on T cells.

Conclusion:
These results indicate that the HOTAIRM1--HOXA1 axis enhances differentiation and suppressive functions of MDSCs and could be a potential therapeutic target for immunomodulation during latent HIV infection.
A systematic review of early adoption of implementation science for HIV prevention or treatment in the United States
Authors: Shangani Sylvia , Bhaskar Nidhi , Richmond Natasha , Operario Don , van den Berg Jacob J. 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
To provide the first systematic review of the early adoption of implementation science for HIV prevention or treatment in the United States. We identified primary research studies that addressed implementation of HIV prevention or treatment in the United States and qualitatively assessed the reporting of implementation outcomes and intervention descriptions.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, PsycInfo, and CINAHL databases for evaluations of HIV prevention or treatment interventions that at least reported one implementation outcome and were published between 2014 and 2018. We used the 12-item Template for Intervention Description and Replication to assess study interventions.

Results:
A total of 2275 articles were identified. Thirty-nine studies met inclusion criteria. Of these, 84.6% used quantitative methods with 5% being hybrid effectiveness-implementation studies and 15% used qualitative methods. No studies cited a formal theoretical framework for implementation science. Acceptability and feasibility were the most frequently reported implementation outcomes. Eligible studies were diverse with regard to demographic categories. Most interventions focused on HIV prevention, particularly risk-reduction strategies. HIV treatment interventions targeted linkage to care and adherence to medications. Key implementation outcome findings indicated that these interventions are feasible and acceptable in the real world.

Conclusion:
HIV implementation science could support dissemination of HIV prevention or treatment in the United States, although HIV treatment interventions are limited. Theoretical frameworks and key implementation outcomes like fidelity, penetration, and appropriateness could promote the rigor of future HIV treatment implementation research, helping the field deliver the promise of HIV prevention or treatment efforts in the United States.
Incident type 2 diabetes mellitus after initiation of common HIV antiretroviral drugs
Authors: Hsu Ricky , Brunet Laurence , Fusco Jennifer S. , Mounzer Karam , Vannappagari Vani , Henegar Cassidy E. , Van Wyk Jean , Curtis Lloyd , Lo Janet , Fusco Gregory P. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
To describe the prevalence and incidence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among people living with HIV (PLHIV) and evaluate the association between antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation with dolutegravir (DTG), elvitegravir/cobicistat (EVG/c), raltegravir (RAL), or boosted darunavir (bDRV) and incident T2DM.

Design:
Longitudinal study based on electronic health records of 29 674 PLHIV from the Observational Pharmaco-Epidemiology Research and Analysis (OPERA) cohort.

Methods:
Calculate prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM at regimen initiation. Among PLHIV without prevalent disease, estimate prediabetes and T2DM incidence (Poisson regression) and association between regimen and incident T2DM (multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression). Analyses stratified by ART experience.

Results:
Among ART-naive and ART-experienced/suppressed PLHIV, the estimated prevalence of prediabetes was 8 and 11%; that of T2DM was 4 and 10%, respectively. The T2DM incidence rate was 9 per 1000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI): 8–11] among ART-naive and 13 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 12–15) among ART-experienced/suppressed PLHIV, with no statistically significant differences between regimens. Compared with DTG, no statistically significant association between T2DM risk and regimen was observed among ART-naive on EVG/c [adjusted hazard ratios: 0.70 (95% CI: 0.47–1.05)] or bDRV [0.53 (0.26–1.04)] and ART-experienced/suppressed on EVG/c [0.96 (0.70–1.33)], RAL [1.17 (0.70–1.96)] or bDRV [0.90 (0.57–1.42)].

Conclusion:
No increased risk of T2DM was observed with EVG/c, RAL or bDRV compared with DTG in ART-naive and experienced PLHIV. However, despite a large cohort, there was a small number of events and differential risk cannot be excluded.