bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which medical disciplines diagnose and treat melanoma in Europe in 2019? A survey of experts from melanoma centres in 27 European countries
Authors: Kandolf‐Sekulovic L. , Peris K. , Stratigos A. , Hauschild A. , Forsea A.‐M. , Lebbe C. , Lallas A. , Grob J.‐J. , Harwood C. , Gogas H. , Rutkowski P. , Olah J. , Kelleners‐Smeets N.W.J. , Paoli J. , Dummer R. , Moreno‐Ramirez D. , Bastholt L. , Putnik K. , Karls R. , Hoeller C. , Vandersleyen V. , Vieira R. , Arenberger P. , Bylaite‐Buckinskiene M. , Ocvirk J. , Situm M. , Weinlich G. , Banjin M. , Todorovic V. , Ymeri A. , Zhukavets A. , Garbe C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe incidence of melanoma is increasing. This places significant burden on societies to provide efficient cancer care. The European Cancer Organisation recently published the essential requirements for quality melanoma care. The present study is aimed for the first time to roughly estimate the extent to which these requirements have been met in Europe.Materials and methodsA web‐based survey of experts from melanoma centres in 27 European countries was conducted from 1 February to 1 August 2019. Data on diagnostic techniques, surgical and medical treatment, organization of cancer care and education were collected and correlated with national health and economic indicators and mortality‐to‐incidence ratio (MIR) as a surrogate for survival. Univariate linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the correlations. SPSS software was used. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsThe MIR was lower in countries with a high health expenditure per capita and with a higher numbers of general practitioners (GPs) and surgeons (SURG) per million inhabitants. In these countries, GPs and dermatologists (DER) were involved in melanoma detection; high percentage of DER used dermatoscopy and were involved in the follow‐up of all melanoma stages; both medical oncologists (ONC) and dermato‐oncologists administered systemic treatments; and patients had better access to sentinel lymph node biopsy and were treated within multidisciplinary tumour boards.ConclusionBased on these first estimates, the greater involvement of GPs in melanoma detection; the greater involvement of highly trained DER in dermatoscopy, dermatosurgery, follow‐up and the systemic treatment of melanoma; and the provision of ongoing dermato‐oncology training for pathologists, SURG, DER and ONC are necessary to provide an optimal melanoma care pathway. A comprehensive analysis of the melanoma care pathway based on clinical melanoma registries will be needed to more accurately evaluate these first insights.
Extracellular water to total body water ratio obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis determines the dose intensity of lenvatinib for the treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yamaoka Kenji , Kodama Kenichiro , Hiramatsu Akira , Ando Yuwa , Kosaka Yumi , Suehiro Yosuke , Fujii Yasutoshi , Uchikawa Shinsuke , Morio Kei , Fujino Hatsue , Nakahara Takashi , Murakami Eisuke , Yamauchi Masami , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Miki Daiki , Tsuge Masataka , Imamura Michio , Takahashi Shoichi , Chayama Kazuaki , Aikata Hiroshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe aim of this study was to identify the factors that contribute to the maintenance of relative dose intensity (RDI) of lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.MethodsThirty‐two patients with advanced HCC treated with lenvatinib were enrolled. We evaluated the relationship between maintenance of RDI and various clinical data, parameters obtained by body composition measurements with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and grip strength at the start of lenvatinib treatment.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed that only the extracellular water to total body water ratio (ECW/TBW) ≤ 0.400 at initiation of treatment was associated with RDI ≥ 50% (odds ratio, 6.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–48.00; P = 0.049).When the RDI was compared between ECW/TBW ≤ 0.400 group and ECW/TBW > 0.400 group, the RDI was significantly higher in the ECW/TBW ≤ 0.400 group at each of 0–4W, 4–6W, and 6–8W points. The P value at each point was 0.003, 0.003, and 0.005, respectively. On the other hand, multivariate analysis showed that only the ECW/TBW ≤ 0.400 at initiation of treatment was associated with the extension of duration until reduction or withdrawal of lenvatinib (hazard ratio, 4.86; 95% CI, 1.52–15.50; P = 0.007).ConclusionThe extracellular water to total body water ratio, a parameter of body composition measurement by BIA, was significantly associated with the maintenance of RDI and the duration until reduction or withdrawal of lenvatinib in HCC patients. In addition to standard predictors such as Child–Pugh score and modified albumin‐bilirubin grade that have been used to date, ECW/TBW might be a new predictor of RDI in HCC patients treated with lenvatinib.
Functional Movement Proficiency’s Association to Actual and Perceived Motor Competence
Authors: Coker Cheryl A. , Herrick Brittney 
Published: December 2020

The adoption of compensatory movement patterns occurs when limitations in mobility, stability, or motor control prevent proper motion from occurring. These dysfunctional movements may inhibit fundamental motor skill development and negatively influence perceived movement competence, impeding the development of physical literacy. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between functional movement and perceived and actual motor skill competence in young adolescents. Functional movement proficiency was determined using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS™), which provides three variables of interest: (a) FMS™total score, (b) number of asymmetries, and (c) number of movement pattern dysfunctions. Perceived physical competence was assessed through the Children and Youth Physical Self-Perception Profile. Finally, the Get Skilled: Get Active process-oriented motor skill assessment was used to evaluate vertical jump, kick, run, and overhand throw proficiency. A significant positive correlation between FMS™total score and vertical jump performance was found. A positive relationship was also found between the number of asymmetries and overhand throw performance. The Children and Youth Physical Self-Perception Profile constructs of body attractiveness and physical condition were positively associated with FMS™total score, and physical condition was also shown to be inversely related to the number of movement pattern dysfunctions. Results suggest that functional movement may underpin movement competence and confidence.
Does medicine run in the family—evidence from three generations of physicians in Sweden: retrospective observational study
Authors: Polyakova Maria , Persson Petra , Hofmann Katja , Jena Anupam B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
To examine occupational heritability in medicine and changes in heritability over time, with Swedish population wide administrative data that allowed mapping family trees of physicians spanning up to three generations.

Design
Retrospective observational study.

Setting
Individual level administrative registry data from Sweden.

Participants
Physicians born in 1950-90 and living in Sweden at some time during 2001-16 (n=47 400).

Main outcome measures
The proportion of individuals with a completed medical degree with at least one parent who also trained in medicine, and the change in this proportion across birth cohorts. Additional analyses were conducted among other relatives (grandparents, aunts and uncles, and siblings) and for individuals with a law degree.

Results
For 27 788 physicians, where the educational background for both parents was known, 14% had a parent who was also a physician and 2% had two parents who were physicians. The proportion of physicians with at least one physician parent increased significantly over time, from 6% for physicians born in 1950-59 to 20% for physicians born in 1980-90 (P<0.001). The same pattern of increasing occupational heritability was not seen for individuals with law degrees.

Conclusions
In recent cohorts of physicians in Sweden, one in five had a parent who was also a physician, more than triple the proportion seen for physicians born three decades earlier. A similar pattern was not seen in lawyers, suggesting that increasing occupational heritability in medicine does not reflect intergenerational persistence of high paying degrees alone. Rather, for physicians in Sweden, medicine might increasingly run in families.
Association of high profile football matches in Europe with traffic accidents in Asia: archival study
Authors: Yam Kai Chi , Jackson Joshua Conrad , Lau Jenson , Qin Xin , Barnes Christopher M , Chong Juin-Kuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the association between popular football games played in Europe and the incidence of traffic accidents in Asia.

Design
Study based on 41 538 traffic accidents involving taxis in Singapore and 1 814 320 traffic accidents in Taiwan, combined with 12 788 European club football games over a seven year period.

Setting
Singapore and Taiwan.

Participants
The largest taxi company in Singapore, with fine grained traffic accident records in a three year span; all traffic accident records in Taiwan in a six year span.

Exposure
Days when high profile football games were played or not played.

Main outcome measure
Number of traffic accidents.

Results
Regression based and time series models suggest that days with high profile European football matches were more positively associated with traffic accidents than days with less popular European football matches. For an approximate €134.74m (£120.25m; $159.76m) increase in average market value for matches played on a given day, approximately one extra accident would occur among Singapore taxi drivers, and for an approximate €7.99m increase in average market value of matches, approximately one extra accident would occur among all drivers in Taiwan. This association remained after control for weather conditions, time of the year, weekend versus weekday effects, driver demographics, and underlying temporal trends. It was also stronger for daytime traffic accidents than for night time traffic accidents, suggesting that the association between high profile football matches and traffic accidents cannot be attributed to night time celebration or attention deficits while watching and driving. Annually, this increased rate of traffic accidents may translate to approximately 371 accidents among taxi drivers in Singapore and approximately 41 079 accidents among the Taiwanese public, as well as economic losses of approximately €821 448 among Singapore taxi drivers and approximately €13 994 409 among Taiwanese drivers and insurers. The total health and economic impact of this finding is likely to be much higher because GMT+8 is the most populous time zone, encompassing 24% of the world’s population.

Conclusions
Days featuring high profile football matches in Europe were associated with more traffic accidents in Taiwan and Singapore than were days with lower profile football matches. A potential causal mechanism may be Asian drivers losing sleep by watching high profile European matches, which are often played in the middle of the night in Asia.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on key performance indicators in pancreatobiliary endoscopy: prioritise, minimise risk, keep scoping and training
Authors: Esmaily Shiran , Yau Chia Chuin , Dwarakanath Deepak , Hancock John , Mitra Vikramjit 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected endoscopy services including pancreatobiliary (PB) endoscopy across the UK. The British Society of Gastroenterology and Joint Advisory Group have issued guidance for managing endoscopy services safely throughout this period. There have been perceived concerns among the PB endoscopists that wearing full personal protective equipment might have an adverse impact on key performance indicators (KPIs) in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) procedures leading to non-compliance with the national guidelines. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on KPIs in ERCP and EUS and ascertain the risk of procedure-related complications.MethodsA retrospective audit of a prospectively maintained endoscopy database was carried out between 18 March and 31 July 2020.Results146 ERCP procedures (common bile duct (CBD) cannulation rate of naïve papilla 89.2%, complete CBD stone extraction rate at first ERCP 88.2%, biliary stricture decompression rate 91%) and 87 EUS procedures (diagnostic accuracy of EUS-fine needle aspiration 92%) were carried out during this period. ERCP-related complications included pancreatitis (4.8%), bleeding (0.68%) and cholangitis (0.68%). 30-day ERCP procedure-related mortality was 0.68%. There were no complications or procedure-related mortality in the EUS group.ConclusionThis is the first study looking at the impact of COVID-19 on KPIs and procedure-related complications in ERCP and EUS in the literature. Our study confirms that a high-quality PB endoscopy service can be delivered safely and effectively during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Identifying large ischemic core volume ranges in acute stroke that can benefit from mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Yoshimoto Takeshi , Inoue Manabu , Tanaka Kanta , Kanemaru Kodai , Koge Junpei , Shiozawa Masayuki , Kamogawa Naruhiko , Kimura Shunsuke , Chiba Tetsuya , Satow Tetsu , Takahashi Jun C , Toyoda Kazunori , Koga Masatoshi , Ihara Masafumi 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundWe aimed to identify the large ischemic core (LIC) volume ranges in acute ischemic stroke patients that can benefit from mechanical thrombectomy (MT).MethodsConsecutive patients within 24 hours of onset of anterior circulation ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion and ischemic core volumes of 70–300 mL were included from our single-center prospective database from March 2014 to December 2019. Subjects were divided into three groups by baseline ischemic core volume (A: 70–100 mL; B: 101–130 mL; C: >130 mL). We compared modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0–2 at 3 months and parenchymal hematoma between patients receiving MT and standard medical treatment (SMT), and determined clinically treatable core volume ranges for MT.ResultsOf 157 patients (86 women; median age, 81 years; median ischemic core volume, 123 mL), 49 patients underwent MT. In Group A (n=52), MT patients (n=31) showed a higher proportion of mRS 0–2 at 3 months (52% vs 5%, P<0.05) versus SMT, respectively. Group B (n=36) MT patients (n=14) also had a higher proportion of mRS 0–2 at 3 months (29% vs 9%, P=0.13) versus SMT, respectively. In Group C (n=69), only four patients received MT. The 95% confidence intervals for the probability of mRS 0–2 at 3 months in patients with MT (n=49) versus SMT (n=108) intersected at 120–130 mL.ConclusionsIschemic core volumes between 70 and 100 mL may benefit from MT. The treatable upper core limit is approximately 120 mL in selected patients with LIC of 70–300 mL.
It’s elemental, my dear Watson: validating seasonal patterns in otolith chemical chronologies
Authors: Hüssy Karin , Krüger-Johnsen Maria , Thomsen Tonny Bernt , Heredia Benjamin Dominguez , Næraa Tomas , Limburg Karin E. , Heimbrand Yvette , McQueen Kate , Haase Stefanie , Krumme Uwe , Casini Michele , Mion Monica , Radtke Krzysztof 
Published: December 2020

Accurate age data are essential for reliable fish stock assessment. Yet many stocks suffer from inconsistencies in age interpretation. A new approach to obtain age makes use of the chemical composition of otoliths. This study validates the periodicity of recurrent patterns in 25Mg, 31P, 34K, 55Mn, 63Cu, 64Zn, 66Zn, 85Rb, 88Sr, 138Ba, and 208Pb in Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) otoliths from tag–recapture and known-age samples. Otolith P concentrations showed the highest consistency in seasonality over the years, with minima co-occurring with otolith winter zones in the known-age otoliths and in late winter – early spring when water temperatures are coldest in tagged cod . The timing of minima differs between stocks, occurring around February in western Baltic cod and 1 month later in eastern Baltic cod; seasonal maxima are also stock-specific, occurring in August and October, respectively. The amplitude in P is larger in faster-growing western compared with eastern Baltic cod. Seasonal patterns with minima in winter – late spring were also evident in Mg and Mn, but less consistent over time and fish size than P. Chronological patterns in P, and to a lesser extent Mg and Mn, may have the potential to supplement traditional age estimation or to guide the visual identification of translucent and opaque otolith patterns used in traditional age estimation.
Data Preparation
Authors: Hameed Mazhar , Naumann Felix 
Published: December 2020

Raw data are often messy: they follow different encodings, records are not well structured, values do not adhere to patterns, etc. Such data are in general not fit to be ingested by downstream applications, such as data analytics tools, or even by data management systems. The act of obtaining information from raw data relies on some data preparation process. Data preparation is integral to advanced data analysis and data management, not only for data science but for any data-driven applications. Existing data preparation tools are operational and useful, but there is still room for improvement and optimization. With increasing data volume and its messy nature, the demand for prepared data increases day by day.
To cater to this demand, companies and researchers are developing techniques and tools for data preparation. To better understand the available data preparation systems, we have conducted a survey to investigate (1) prominent data preparation tools, (2) distinctive tool features, (3) the need for preliminary data processing even for these tools and, (4) features and abilities that are still lacking. We conclude with an argument in support of automatic and intelligent data preparation beyond traditional and simplistic techniques.
Commercial Vinegar Tablets Do Not Display the Same Physiological Benefits for Managing Postprandial Glucose Concentrations as Liquid Vinegar
Authors: Feise Natasha K. , Johnston Carol S. 
Published: December 2020

Objective. Research evidence suggests that vinegar may effectively reduce postprandial glucose in both healthy adults and those with type 2 diabetes. There is heightened consumer interest in commercially available vinegar tablets; however, it is not known whether these products lower postprandial glycemia to the same extent as liquid vinegar. This crossover trial examined the impact of liquid vinegar versus commercial vinegar tablet ingestion at the start of a meal on the 60-minute glucose excursion postmeal in healthy adults. Methods. Twelve young men and women (22.6 ± 0.6 y; 21.2 ± 1.2 kg/m2) completed this 4-arm Latin square crossover trial. Testing was separated by one week and consisted of a test meal (64 g carbohydrate) consumed immediately following one of the four oral treatments: CON, 60 g water (control treatment); VIN, 25 g liquid vinegar (5% acidity; 1.25 g acetic acid) diluted with 35 g water; PILL, four vinegar tablets (1.50 g acetic acid) swallowed whole with 60 g water; and PILL-c, four crushed vinegar tablets dissolved in 60 g water. Capillary blood glucose was tested in the fasted state and at 30 and 60 minutes postmeal. Results. The 60-minute glucose excursion varied significantly by treatment (iAUC: 4.9 ± 0.6, 3.4 ± 0.4, 4.9 ± 0.6, and 4.1 ± 0.5 mmol˖h/l for CON, VIN, PILL, and PILL-c, respectively; F (3, 33) = 3.037,

p

= 0.043; repeated measures ANOVA). Post hoc analysis revealed a 31% reduction in the glucose postmeal excursion for VIN in comparison to CON and PILL (

p

= 0.040 and

p

= 0.049, respectively). Conclusions. These data suggest that commercial vinegar tablets taken whole at mealtime are not as effective as liquid vinegar for reducing the postmeal glucose excursion in young, healthy adults.
Aortic Gene Expression Profiles Show How ApoA-I Levels Modulate Inflammation, Lysosomal Activity, and Sphingolipid Metabolism in Murine Atherosclerosis
Authors: Busnelli Marco , Manzini Stefano , Chiara Matteo , Colombo Alice , Fontana Fabrizio , Oleari Roberto , Potì Francesco , Horner David , Bellosta Stefano , Chiesa Giulia 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
HDL (high-density lipoprotein) particles are known to possess several antiatherogenic properties that include the removal of excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues, the maintenance of endothelial integrity, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. ApoA-I overexpression in apoE-deficient (EKO) mice has been shown to increase HDL levels and to strongly reduce atherosclerosis development. The aim of the study was to investigate gene expression patterns associated with atherosclerosis development in the aorta of EKO mice and how HDL plasma levels relate to gene expression patterns at different stages of atherosclerosis development and with different dietary treatments.

Approach and Results:
Eight-week-old EKO mice, EKO mice overexpressing human apoA-I, and wild-type mice as controls were fed either normal laboratory or Western diet for 6 or 22 weeks. Cholesterol distribution among lipoproteins was evaluated, and atherosclerosis of the aorta was quantified. High-throughput sequencing technologies were used to analyze the transcriptome of the aorta of the 3 genotypes in each experimental condition. In addition to the well-known activation of inflammation and immune response, the impairment of sphingolipid metabolism, phagosome-lysosome system, and osteoclast differentiation emerged as relevant players in atherosclerosis development. The reduced atherosclerotic burden in the aorta of EKO mice expressing high levels of apoA-I was accompanied by a reduced activation of immune system markers, as well as reduced perturbation of lysosomal activity and a better regulation of the sphingolipid synthesis pathway.

Conclusions:
ApoA-I modulates atherosclerosis development in the aorta of EKO mice affecting the expression of pathways additional to those associated with inflammation and immune response.