bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical approach to determining the cut-off value in the algorithms of substance identification in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Oranov A A , Bashkin S V , Fufurin I L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The purpose of the paper was to find the approach to determining the cut-off value in the spectral library matching identification algorithm. We used Pearson correlation coefficient as a similarity measure between the spectra, and according to its value between the reference spectra we divided the spectral library into classes. We considered a situation when one of the investigated spectra had an additive narrowband white noise component with a Gaussian distribution. We examined the impact of the cut-off value on the possibility of calculating the probability of right identification in a single identification experiment by means of probability distribution function, when the signal-to-noise ratio is known a priori. The signal-to-noise ratio was taken from the value area where analytical expressions were unknown. In the research we applied numerical methods. The algorithm of determining the cut-off value based on the fundamental principles of the ROC-curves analysis was proposed. The cut-off value was obtained where possible, and the situation for every class was analysed. Maximal probabilities of right identification were obtained.
Observation of the spatial emission spectrum in the experiments of Abbe-Porter and Talbot
Authors: Vasilyeva N M , Kurakin V V , Morozov A N , Skuybin B G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The observation results of the spatial spectrum harmonic height are given. It was experimentally shown that the limitation associated with the final aperture and the parabolic approximation in the Fresnel integral does not interfere with the confident observation of the high harmonics reaching the fortieth.
Stimulated low-frequency Raman scattering in biological nanoparticles suspensions
Authors: Kudryavtseva A D , Savichev V I , Shevchenko M A , Tcherniega N V , Umarov M F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The interaction of electromagnetic radiation with nanoscale particles systems (including suspension of metallic dielectric and semiconductor nanoparticles, biological nanostructures, etc.) can lead to various non-linear effects, in particular, to the stimulated low-frequency Raman scattering (SLFRS). It can provide important information about investigated system elastic properties. In the present study low-frequency vibrational modes in different biological nanoparticles systems were investigated, such as tobacco mosaic viruses (TMV), two types of potato viruses (PVX and PVA), cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), human and bovine serum albumin (HSA and BSA) in Tris-HCl pH7.5 buffer and in water. 20 ns ruby laser pulses were used for excitation. SLFRS frequency shifts, corresponding to acoustic eigenfrequencies of the samples were registered by Fabri-Perot interferometers. Conversion efficiency and threshold were also measured for the first time. SLFRS can be applied for nanoobjects identification and effective impact on biological nanoparticles systems.
Research of the current distribution in solids using the Gibbs magnetodynamic principle
Authors: Aliev I N , Samedova Z A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
To find equilibrium distribution of surface and volumetric currents in continuous bodies Gibbs’ thermodynamic hypothesis is used, which allows to solve a task using the magnetic principle of virtual work. Variation of the magnetic energy is considered under additional conditions, defining constancy of currents, two of which are of a differential nature, necessary and sufficient to solve the task in case of simply connected body. If the body under consideration is doubly-connected (e.g. a torus, a thick ring), one extra condition is necessary. It is shown in this paper that this condition, which makes the solution unique at the same time, can be the constancy of current flowing through the cross section of the torus or setting of a constant flux of magnetic induction through the torus hole. Setting up a problem, the first method is selected as more visual. The task is solved with the use of the method of Lagrange multipliers. The fundamental result of this paper is that magnetic induction and the volumetric current in a volume are vanished. Thus, the magnetic field with currents are extruded to the surface. Connections between obtained results, the Meissner-Oxenfield effect and the London equitation used in the theory of superconductivity are discussed, as well as the problem of connection of molecular currents and conduction currents.
Thermodynamic aspects of naphthyldiamidophosphite dismutation
Authors: Slitikov P V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Dismutation of naphthyldiamidophosphites in various solvents was studied. The results of theoretical calculations of thermodynamic state functions

(

Δ
f

H

298

∘

,

S

298

∘

)

were analyzed for various dismutation components – mono- and diamidophosphites based on 2-naphthol, as well full amides of phosphorous acid. The estimation of dismutation possibility was based on calculation of standard Gibbs energy

Δ
r

G

298

∘

. It was shown that the results of theoretical calculations correlate with the experimental data.
The Talbot effect in X-ray range
Authors: Smirnov E V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article describes the advances made using Talbot effect in X-ray wavelength range. The possibilities of phase-contrast interferometry using a three-grating Talbot interferometer are noted. The achievements of applying the Talbot effect in nanoscale X-ray lithography are discussed. The need to include this material in courses on X-ray optics, read in Russian Technical Universities, is underlined.
Irreversible phase transitions in structural elements of synthetic opal
Authors: Yurasov N I , Yurasova I I , Plokhikh A I , Galkin N K , Tetyanchuk V A , Dolgikh E B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The globular photonic crystal of artificial opal was synthesized by Stœber process in order to study its internal structure. Two methods were used to measure density and to determine porosity, which was 0.368. A fractal model of pores formation was considered for different silica phases, including the amorphous one. Assumptions were made on the type of pores inside globules. The differential scanning calorimetry method was used to reveal the fine multisection structure of the heat flow thermogram through the sample. The second-order phase transition was revealed. The experimental substantiation was given that phase transition is connected with the creation of β-cristobalite. A model was proposed for calculation of the number of component molecules leaving a sample at heating. Independent confirmation of calculation as per the proposed model was obtained by the gravimetric analysis.
Laser monochromatizing by dielectric media
Authors: Gorelik V S , Filatov V V , Tsikunova M A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We propose the new way for the laser monochromatizing based on the laser harmonic filtering followed by the one’s spectral splitting. To do this we analyze the Lorentz electronic oscillators’ effect on the medium reflectance. The calculations for the rare earth show there are opportunities for the spectral narrowing of solid-state laser lines up to 1kHz.
Modeling the optical properties of gold nanodisks with two holes
Authors: Aferenok A S , Shabatina T I , Bochenkov V E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Localized surface plasmon resonances in gold nanodisks with two holes have been investigated by numerical simulations. The longitudinal and transverse modes have been observed upon illumination with polarized light. The estimated refractive index sensitivity of low-energy dipolar mode is higher for longitudinal light polarization and reaches values of 1800 nm/RIU.
Exact solutions of boundary integral equation arising in vortex methods for incompressible flow simulation around elliptical and Zhukovsky airfoils
Authors: Kuzmina Kseniia , Marchevsky Ilia , Ryatina Evgeniya 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The problem of 2D incompressible flow simulation around airfoils using vortex methods is considered. An exact solution for the boundary integral equation with respect to a free vortex sheet intensity at the airfoil surface line that arises in such problems is obtained. The exact solution is constructed for flows around elliptical and Zhukovsky airfoils using the theory of complex potentials and conformal mappings technique. It is possible to take into account the influence of singularities in the flow domain — point vortices which simulate vortex wake. The obtained exact solutions can be used to verify and estimate the accuracy of numerical schemes for the boundary integral equation solution: such procedure is also described in details.
Simulation research of a wind turbine using SolidWorks software
Authors: Cekus Dawid , Gnatowska Renata , Kwiatoń Paweł , Šofer Michal 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper presents wind turbine simulation tests using SolidWorks software. The geometrical model of the HAWT wind turbine was developed based on a real object. It consisted of three selected parts: shell, bearing girders and stiffening ribs. The wing profile of the analyzed object was modelled using NREL’s and NACA airfoils. A numerical analysis was carried out to determine the strength of the tested structure under specific wind speed. Stresses were calculated according to the Huber-Mises hypothesis.
Environmental protection - greenhouse gas emissions from electricity production in Poland
Authors: Gazda-Grzywacz M , Burchart-Korol D , Smoliński A , Zarębska K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from the production of electricity in the so-called conventional coal based thermal power plant was carried out. The aim of the paper is to prove the legitimacy of using electricity in transport in the context of environmental protection, especially against greenhouse gas emissions. Emission factors were calculated on the basis of current and original data from the national generation plant. These indices, calculated per 1 Mg of extracted and transported raw material and 1 kWh of produced electricity, are related to net production of electricity and heat and direct emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the assumed life cycle of the product (energy). The life cycle includes direct and indirect emissions related to the demand for various forms of energy and materials during: hard coal mining, coal enrichment processes, transport of coal by rail from the mine to the power plant, preparation of raw material for the technological process, as well as the basic process of burning raw material and obtaining electricity. The emission of greenhouse gases during the production of 1 kWh of electricity from hard coal amounts 0.9379 kg CO2.
The influence of the oxidizing atmosphere on the mass loss of biomass pellets combusted in the inert material stream
Authors: Kaczyńska K , Kaczyński K , Pełka P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Biomass is a renewable energy source with high growth potential due to wide availability around the world. Wood pellets are commonly used biomass for modern energy production, however, due to the growing demand, the issue of sustainable development has encouraged many entrepreneurs to produce pellets from non-wood biomass. On the one hand, the versatile nature of biomass enables its use in all parts of the world, on the other hand, this diversity makes biomass a complex and difficult fuel. Especially because of the high percentage of alkali (potassium) and chlorine in some types of biomass that can generate problems during combustion. The production and use of pellets from various types of biomass, therefore, opens up opportunities and challenges for existing technologies. In recent years, fluidized combustion technology has been considered as one of the main directions of development of professional energy in the world. Fluidized bed boilers also allow the implementation of the dynamically developing oxy-combustion technology, which perfectly fits the prevailing trends due to the key advantages of increased energy conversion, as well as the possibility of direct sequestration of carbon dioxide. During experimental research, the mass loss of individual biomass pellets of various origin combusted in a laboratory reactor with a circulating fluid layer under various conditions of the furnace chamber (oxidizing atmosphere and intensity of inert material stream) was analyzed. The obtained results allow stating that the large variety of biomass offered by suppliers requires a thorough knowledge of its properties and determination of its impact on the process and installations when used in the power industry.
The influence of the usage of secondary fuels for Portland clinker production on the emission value of heavy metals from cement and concrete
Authors: Kalarus D , Tkocz A , Duszak B , Najduchowska M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The influence of secondary fuels components used for Portland clinker production on emission value of heavy metals is presented in this paper. Analyses and studies of hazardous substances emission (heavy metals) from cements and concretes were conducted according to standards developed by Technical Committee CEN TC 351. The contents of following heavy metals were analyzed: Cr, Zn, Cd, Pb, Co, Ni, Mn, Cu, Sr, Ba and P in secondary fuels used by cement industry in Poland for Portland clinker production. Total heavy metal contents in cements and their leaching from cements CEM I were studied. Leaching of heavy metals from CEM I-based concretes to environment was also determined. Obtained tests results allow to conclude that changes in technology of cement clinker production leading to the usage of waste materials and secondary fuels does not cause an increase in heavy metals emission in level, which requires qualifying cement as material, which has to be regularly controlled for harmfulness on man and natural environment.
Analysis of pollutant emissions during circulating fluidized bed combustion of sewage sludge
Authors: Kosowska-Golachowska M , Luckos A , Kijo-Kleczkowska A , Musiał T , Wolski K , Środa K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, pollutant emissions during air-CFB combustion of sewage sludge, wheat straw, Scots pine and bituminous coal are discussed. Combustion tests were carried out in a bench-scale circulating fluidized-bed reactor. Time-resolved profiles of emitted pollutants (NO, N2O, NO2, SO2 and CO) are presented and analyzed. The effects fuel type on gaseous emissions are evaluated. Due to the high contents of nitrogen, sulphur and ash in sewage sludge high concentrations of NOx and SO2 may be expected in the flue gas.
Theoretical analysis of the thermal conversion of RDF fuel in the context of Waste Management
Authors: Rajca P. , Skibiński A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The European Union strives to introduce waste-free or low-waste closed-loop technologies using material and energy recovery to manage natural resources in a rational manner. Therefore, European regulations require member states to progressively restrict the amount of landfill waste. The article presents the current shape of waste management in Poland, and also introduces the dominant form of RDF management in the cement industry. Nevertheless, the capacity of cement plants is limited, and the energy use of fuels from waste encounters difficulties related to a significant reduction in pollutant emissions, which is why the use of modern installations for the thermal conversion of waste such as pyrolysis and gasification is increasingly considered. Taking into account the promising energy properties of secondary fuels obtained during the pyrolysis process, the chemical composition of gas from RDF pyrolysis was modeled for a pilot installation operating in Poland. Determination of the combustible components allowed the calorific value of pyrolysis gas to be estimated, ranging from 28.2 - 28.7 MJ/m3. The obtained calorific encourages wider use of the waste pyrolysis process in order to obtain secondary fuels with promising energy parameters. It will contribute to a further reduction in the amount of deposited waste, and thus to creating environmentally-friendly closed-loop waste management.
Classification of alternative fuels used in the cement industry
Authors: Szymanek Przemysław , Szymanek Ewa , Rajczyk Rafał 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The article presents the classification of alternative fuels used in the cement industry as well as the advantages of using this type of fuel. Possibilities of their use by cement plants, types of alternative fuels used as well as the amount of use of this type of fuel. Physico-chemical parameters of alternative fuels were described, which should be met in order to use the cement industry.
Comparison of fly ash from co-combustion of coal/solid recovered fuel (SRF) and coal/refuse derived fuel (RDF).
Authors: Ściubidło A , Majchrzak-Kucęba I , Niedzielska M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The formation of ashes originating from the combustion of alternative fuels causes a need to find ways for their practical application and demands the knowledge about their properties. Therefore, the present work is devoted to studying the co-combustion of slternative fuel SRF/coal and RDF/coal. The major objectives of this paper is to present the detail characteristics of ash by using the advanced instrumental techniques (XRF, XRD, SEM, BET, TGA).
Distillery waste management in line with the concept of circular economy
Authors: Wzorek Z , Krupa-Żuczek K , Čablik V , Nowak A K , Gorazda K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper presents physico-chemical characteristic of distillery residue and ashes after its calcination at 650 and 850°C, that may become a potential energy source due to a relatively high heat of combustion and low content of sulphur and moisture. The chemical composition of the obtained ash as well as fresh distillery residue determines its further use for fertilising purposes. Adducing the legislative regulations none of the analysed key heavy metal exceeds norms allowable in the regulation referring to organic and organo-mineral fertilisers. Proposed solution can be considered as waste minimization technology with energy recovery by rational recycling of nutrients. Such an application will exert an additional positive influence on the circular economy potential.
Strength and structural properties of AlN films grown on SiC/Si substrates synthesized by atomic substitution
Authors: Grashchenko A S , Kukushkin S A , Osipov A V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the present work, we studied the strength and structural characteristics of the layers of the AlN/SiC/Si heterostructure. The surface morphology of the AlN film and the SiC/Si substrate was studied using atomic force microscopy. The thickness of the AlN and SiC layers was determined by analyzing the data of ellipsometry. The hardness of the films and the substrate was measured by the method of nanoscratch testing. It was experimentally shown that the films under study have a high crystalline quality.
Thermal-activated granulation of ultrathin Au films. Structural and phase transformations
Authors: Tomilina O A , Berzhansky V N , Tomilin S V , Milyukova E T 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper represents the results of time, temperature, and dimension factors influence on the formation dynamics and structural-phase transformations in ultrathin and islands metallic films during their synthesis by methods of thermal-activated granulation and gradient coatings deposition. It’s shown that the efficiency of metallic coatings granulation depends on the temperature and time of the TAG and determined by the effective thickness of the granulated coating. At a certain effective thickness, the second-order phase transition occurs in the film during the granulation process (percolation transition).
Genetic algorithm application for solving inverse problems of X-ray diffraction on systems with quantum dots
Authors: Sivkov D V , Punegov V I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
For solving inverse problem of X-ray diffraction on GaAs-AlAs superlattices with InAs quantum dots within the statistical theory of X-ray diffraction the Genetic Algorithm in the form of Differential Evolution method was used. The calculation results were compared with experimental data.
Biosensors based on nanowire field effect transistors with Schottky contacts
Authors: Smolyarova T E , Lukyanenko A V , Tarasov A S , Shanidze L V , Baron F A , Zelenov F V , Yakovlev I A , Volkov N V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A top-down nanofabrication approach was used to obtain silicon nanowires from silicon-on-insulator wafers using direct-write electron beam lithography and plasma-reactive ion etching. Fabricated with designed pattern silicon nanowires are 0.4, 0.8, 2 μm in width and 100 nm in height. The devices can be applied in future medical diagnostic applications as novel biosensors with detection principle based on the changes in electrical characteristics of the silicon nanowires functionalized with thiol-containing molecules.
Laser modification of high-pressure high-temperature nanodiamonds
Authors: Mikheev K G , Mogileva T N , Fateev A E , Nunn N , Shenderova O A , Mikheev G M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Micro-thin semitransparent films of purified high pressure high temperature nanodiamonds were produced on a glass substrate. A focused 632.8 nm He-Ne laser irradiation is shown to cause an emission of light in the green region of the optical spectrum accompanied with laser-induced blackening of the obtained films. Possible mechanisms of the observed phenomenon are discussed.
Engineering the synthesis procedure for PbS nanosheets with controlled optical properties in the near-infrared region
Authors: Kormilina T K , Skurlov I D , Cherevkov S A , Mudrak A S , Litvin A P , Ushakova E V , Baranov A V , Fedorov A V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This work discloses routes of obtaining two-dimensional PbS nanostructures by chemical synthesis methods. Using the techniques of absorption and luminescence spectroscopy, their optical characteristics are revealed. Special attention is paid to the evolution of nanoplates in a colloidal solution. The processes of growth and degradation of the structure of nanoplatelets, as well as the corresponding changes in the optical properties of nanocrystals are considered.
Synthesis and energy structure of optical transitions of the nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots
Authors: Khavlyuk P D , Arefina I A , Bondarenko D P , Bogdanov K V , Stepanidenko E A , Baranov A V , Fedorov A V , Ushakova E V , Dubavik A , Rogach A L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A green and efficient strategy was developed for one-step synthesis of sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots using urea, thiourea and thioacetamide as nitrogen and sulfur source and citric acid as carbon source. The influence of nitrogen and/or sulfur doping of the carbon dots on their optical transitions is investigated. The as synthesized carbon dots are demonstrated to possess redshifted photoluminescence with relatively high intensity. It is demonstrated that the presence of heteroatoms leads to the red shift of the photoluminescence band and increase of the crystalline phase inherent to amorphous carbon.