bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASH2L is involved in promotion of endometrial cancer progression via upregulation of PAX2 transcription
Authors: Zeng Kai , Wu Yi , Wang Chunyu , Wang Shengli , Sun Hongmiao , Zou Renlong , Sun Ge , Song Huijuan , Liu Wei , Sun Ning , Wei Shan , Liu Wensu , Su Yingjie , Zhou Tingting , Zhang Yi , Zhao Yue 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAbsent, small or homeotic 2‐like protein (ASH2L) is a core component of a multimeric histone methyltransferase complex that is involved in the maintenance of active transcription, participating in several cancers, however the biological function and molecular mechanism of ASH2L in endometrial cancer (ECa) are largely unknown. Endometrial cancer is a common malignant tumor in women and the incidence of this cancer is on the rise. Estrogen‐ERα signaling, as an oncogenic pathway, plays a crucial role in endometrial carcinogenesis. Therefore, further exploration of the molecular mechanisms around ERα‐mediated gene transcription in ECa would be helpful to the understanding of tumor development and to finding a new therapeutic target for ECa. Here, our study demonstrated that ASH2L was highly expressed in ECa samples, and higher expression of ASH2L was positively correlated with a poor prognosis. Moreover, we identified that ASH2L associated with ERα and that knockdown of ASH2L resulted in decreased expression of a subset of the estrogen‐induced target genes, including paired box 2 (PAX2), an oncogenic gene in ECa. ASH2L was recruited to cis‐regulatory elements in PAX2, thereby altering histone H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 levels, to enhance ERα‐mediated transactivation. Finally, depletion of ASH2L suppressed endometrial cancer cell proliferation and migration. Our findings suggest that ASH2L participates in the promotion of ECa progression, if not totally at least partially, via upregulation of PAX2 transcription.
Epidemiology of episcleritis and scleritis in urban Australia
Authors: Thong Louisa P. , Rogers Sophie L. , Hart Colby T. , Hall Anthony J. , Lim Lyndell L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractImportanceThe epidemiology of episcleritis and scleritis in Australia is largely unknown.BackgroundTo determine the incidence, prevalence and clinical characteristics of episcleritis and scleritis in Melbourne.DesignRetrospective longitudinal study.ParticipantsPatients aged ≥18 years with episcleritis or scleritis seen at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital from November 2014 to October 2015.MethodsMedical record review confirmed clinical diagnosis and characteristics. Incidence and prevalence were calculated using estimates of the adult population in areas of Melbourne with ≥30 ocular presentations/year to the emergency department.Main Outcome MeasuresDiagnosis of active episcleritis or scleritis, aetiology, ocular complications and treatments.ResultsFrom a general population of 3 408 068, we confirmed 149 new and 23 pre‐existing cases of active episcleritis, and 35 new and 23 pre‐existing cases of active scleritis. Incidence per 100 000 person‐years was 4.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.7‐5.1) for episcleritis and 1.0 (95% CI 0.7‐1.4) for scleritis, while 12‐month prevalence was 5.1 (95% CI 4.3‐5.9) and 1.7 (1.3‐2.2) per 100 000 persons, respectively. Systemic disease was associated with 10% of episcleritis compared with 34% of scleritis (P < .001). Ocular complications were seen in 3% (6/184) of episcleritis eyes and 44% (32/72) of scleritis eyes, with the commonest being anterior uveitis (12/72) and ocular hypertension (14/72). At presentation, scleritis patients were commonly treated with oral non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (60%) and prednisolone (19%). By 12 months, 24% of scleritis patients required immunosuppressants.Conclusions and RelevanceRates of episcleritis and scleritis in our single‐centre Australian study were low. Episcleritis was usually benign, whereas scleritis had increased ocular complications and systemic disease.
Engraftment syndrome following hematopoietic stem cell transplant: A review of the literature
Authors: Grant Andrew , Chapman Laura R.M. , Mitchell Richard , O’Brien Tracey A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEngraftment syndrome (ES) is a poorly understood condition which continues to present a significant cause of morbidity following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Yet a standard approach to diagnosis and treatment of ES remains elusive and has the potential to impact patient outcomes. A literature search was performed using the databases ProQuest Health, PubMed, Medline and Embase. Included studies were published in English from 2001‐2019 that reported on engraftment syndrome following HSCT. Articles were organized by study design, ES diagnostic criteria, symptom classification and treatment. The review consolidated an array of literature relating to all types of HSCT. Timing of ES onset, risk factors and outcomes were compared within the literature. Signs and symptoms of reported ES were collated to establish a concise set of diagnostic criteria that can provide rapid recognition. The use of a standard approach to ES diagnosis has the potential to improve patient outcomes and provide a uniform approach to future research.
To kidney or not to kidney: Applying lessons learned from the simultaneous liver‐kidney transplant policy to simultaneous heart‐kidney transplantation
Authors: Cheng Xingxing S. , Khush Kiran K. , Wiseman Alexander , Teuteberg Jeffrey , Tan Jane C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs the medical community is increasingly offering transplantation to patients with increasing comorbidity burdens, the number of simultaneous heart‐kidney (SHK) transplants is rising in the United States. How to determine eligibility for SHK transplant versus heart transplant alone is unknown. In this review, we situate this problem in the broader picture of organ shortage. We critically appraise available literature on outcomes in SHK versus heart transplant alone. We posit staged kidney‐after‐heart transplantation as a plausible alternative to SHK transplantation and review the pros and cons. Drawing lessons from the field of simultaneous liver‐kidney transplant, we argue for an analogous policy for SHK transplant with standardized minimal eligibility criteria and a modified Safety Net provision. The new policy will serve as a starting point for comparing simultaneous versus staged approaches and refining the medical eligibility criteria for SHK.
Patch‐type granuloma annulare: An institution‐based study of 23 cases
Authors: Khanna Urmi , North Jeffrey P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundGranuloma annulare (GA) is a skin disorder of uncertain etiology. Patch (type) GA is an uncommon variant of GA with a paucity of data characterizing it. We describe the features of 23 cases of patch GA.MethodsThe archives of dermatopathology were searched for cases of patch GA. The clinical history and morphology for each patient were reviewed. Only cases with patch clinical morphology were included. The clinical and histopathologic features were assessed including the pattern of granulomatous inflammation and presence of other inflammatory cell types.ResultsMost patients were female (19/23) with erythematous patches on the trunk and proximal extremities. The most common clinical differential diagnosis included mycosis fungoides (MF), morphea and contact dermatitis. Dyslipidemia was the most common comorbidity (30%), followed by diabetes (15%) and hypertension (15%). Histopathologic features included interstitial lymphocytes and histiocytes with dermal mucin. Two cases showed focal palisaded granulomas. Eosinophils and plasma cells were present in 1/3 of cases.ConclusionPatch GA is an uncommon GA variant with an interstitial granulomatous histopathologic pattern that predominantly affects women over 50. It can mimic interstitial MF and early morphea both clinically and histopathologically. Awareness of this GA variant can help prevent misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment for these patients.
Latin American healthcare systems in times of pandemic
Authors: Litewka Sergio G. , Heitman Elizabeth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐ 19 pandemic is a critical test for the already overburdened and mostly underfunded public healthcare systems of Latin America. In a region that suffers from severe inequalities, public healthcare systems are the only source of medical care for a large sector of the population who work in the informal economy or are unemployed. State‐run hospitals and clinics are already overstressed by continuous demand for treatment of vector‐borne diseases and community‐acquired infections as well as high rates of non‐communicable diseases. Ideological misconceptions and denial among Latin America’s political leaders prevented timely preparations for the pandemic and added to chronic governance problems. As ethical expertise in Latin America focuses on research ethics, few hospitals in the region have functioning clinical ethics committees or clinical ethics policy, forcing healthcare personnel to make excruciating treatment decisions in an environment dominated by material scarcity and public distrust. This essay examines the emergence of COVID‐19 in Latin America and the serious challenge that it poses for Latin America's public healthcare systems.
Diabetes at the front door. A guideline for dealing with glucose related emergencies at the time of acute hospital admission from the Joint British Diabetes Society (JBDS) for Inpatient Care Group*
Authors: Dhatariya K. , James J. , Kong M.‐F. , Berrington R. ,   the Joint British Diabetes Society (JBDS) for Inpatient Care Group and guidelines writing group
Published: April 2020

AbstractPeople with diabetes account for nearly one‐fifth of all inpatients in English and Welsh hospitals; of these, up to 90% are admitted as an emergency. Most are admitted for a reason other than diabetes with only 8% requiring admission for a diabetes‐specific cause. Healthcare professionals working in emergency departments experience numerous clinical challenges, notwithstanding the need to know whether each individual with diabetes requires urgent admission. This document has been developed and written by experts in the field, and reviewed by the parent organizations of the Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care—Diabetes UK, the Diabetes Inpatient Specialist Nurse Group and the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists. The document aims to support staff working in emergency departments and elsewhere by offering practical advice and tools for effective, appropriate and safe triage. Each section relates to the commonest diabetic specific emergencies and algorithms can be printed off to enable ease of access and use.
Feeding patterns revealed host partitioning in a community of frog‐biting mosquitoes
Authors: de Silva W.A. Priyanka P. , Bernal X. E. , Chathuranga W.G. D. , Herath B. P. , Ekanayake C. , Abeysundara H. T. K. , Karunaratne S. H. P. P. 
Published: April 2020

1. Resource partitioning is a critical component in competing species that coexist in a community. The biting behaviour of coexisting frog‐biting mosquito species associated with a tropical anuran community is investigated.2. Monthly samplings were taken for 2 years at two study sites in central Sri Lanka to collect frog‐biting mosquitoes, anuran abundance, environmental data, and interactions between mosquitoes and anuran hosts. Mosquitoes were collected using mouth‐operated aspirators and sound traps broadcasting anuran calls. Mosquitoes were identified using taxonomic keys and DNA barcodes.3. A total of 1079 frog‐biting mosquitoes from four species belonging to two genera were collected [Uranotaenia rutherfordi (5%), Ur. morphotype 1 (67%), Ur. morphotype 2 (21%), and Mansonia uniformis (7%)]. Species‐specific interactions between Uranotaenia mosquitoes and their anuran host were found. Uranotaenia morphotype 1, the most common species, was mainly attracted (99%) to Duttaphrynus melanostictus. Uranotaenia rutherfordi was mainly attracted (95%) to Pseudophilautus rus, while Ur. morphotype 2 was attracted (97%) to Polypedates cruciger. These Uranotaenia species are active at different hours at night that correspond to the peak calling activity of their anuran host. Each Uranotaenia species was active at heights that coincide with the calling sites of their host. In contrast, Ma. uniformis was non‐specific in host choice and was equally distributed in space and time with respect to host feeding.4. Here, previously unknown feeding patterns of co‐occurring frog‐biting mosquito species and their interactions with anurans present in their community are reported, highlighting the existence of complex behavioural patterns of these mosquito communities.
Learning of the mental nerve block technique with dental anaesthesia simulation models builds motor skills and confidence in dental students
Authors: Reyes‐Acuca María J. , Sánchez‐Lezama Zayra S. , Capistrán‐Sarmiento Berenice , Teodoro‐Isneros Ana , Suárez‐Franco José L. , Cerda‐Cristerna Bernardino I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe compared the motor learning, self‐confidence whilst performing an anaesthesia technique and the perception of confidence between a group of students trained (G1) with two distinct dental anaesthesia simulation models (DASM) and a group of students (G2) not trained with DASM.Materials and methodsThe G1 students (n = 22) were trained with a learning protocol including a DASM for simulating a puncture and a DASM for simulating an injection of dental anaesthesia. The G2 students (n = 22) received no such training. Both groups performed the mental nerve block (MNB) in a clinical setting, after which the average working time (motor learning), number of times help was requested for performing the MNB (self‐confidence) and the scores of a Likert Scale questionnaire (perception of confidence) between the groups were compared with a t test.ResultsCompared with G2, the G1 students showed a shorter average working time (G1, 7:30 ± 0:54 min; G2, 9:06 ± 2:27 min; P = .017). Hence, G1 students had better motor skills. They also requested help when performing the MNB fewer times than the G2 students (G1, 2.2 ± 0.5 times; G2, 4.6 ± 1.95 times; P < .001). On the other hand, the G1 students demonstrated better perception of confidence (Likert Scale questionnaire) when performing the MNB compared with the G2 students (P = .007).ConclusionThe learning protocol with two different DASMs had a positive effect on the motor skills and the confidence of dental students performing the mental nerve block.
Effect of pH and prior treatment with phosphate on the rate and amount of reaction of soils with phosphate
Authors: Barrow N. J. , Debnath Abhijit , Sen Arup 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe rate at which phosphate continues to react with soil is an important determinant of its effectiveness as a fertiliser. Yet it has seldom been measured and we do not know which soil properties affect its value. Here, the effects of electric charge are investigated. The charge of a low phosphorus status soil was changed both by changing the soil pH by incubation with acid or alkali for 2 days at 60°C, and also by adding phosphate and incubating for 30 days at 80°C. The amount and rate of reaction of further additions of phosphate were then measured after periods of 1, 3, 10 and 30 days of incubation at 25°C. Prior reaction with phosphate greatly decreased both the amount and the rate of sorption of subsequent additions. We think this is one factor causing differences between soils in the rate of reaction. Changing the pH had smaller effects on the amount and rate of reaction. We think the effects on rate of reaction were caused by changing the pH rather than the pH itself. The effects of changed pH and of phosphate treatment were closely described by a mechanistic model, with the effects on amount of sorption described by varying the electric potential and the effects on rate of reaction described by varying the rate of diffusion. The two methods of changing the charge have differing effects on both the amount and rate of reaction and we discuss the reasons for these differences.Highlights
The rate at which phosphate continues to react with soil is an important determinant of its effectiveness as a fertiliser.
Loading with phosphate greatly decreased both the amount and the rate of sorption of subsequent additions.
Changing the pH had smaller effects. Results were closely described by a mechanistic model.
Phosphate status is an important cause of differences between soils in the rate of reaction.
On glyphosate–kaolinite surface interactions. A molecular dynamic study
Authors: Galicia‐Andrés Edgar , Tunega Daniel , Gerzabek Martin H. , Oostenbrink Chris 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlyphosate is an important and widely used herbicide, its environmental behaviour being of scientific and public interest. Computational models of clay minerals and their interactions with small organic molecules are valuable in studying adsorption processes at an atomistic resolution. We analysed the adsorption process of glyphosate on kaolinite, a clay mineral with a high abundance in several types of soils (e.g., of subtropical or tropical origin), in terms of the adsorption strength. The molecular interactions are characterized by monitoring the occurrence of hydrogen bonds, the orientation of the molecular dipole relative to the interface and the interaction energy. Two different ionic forms of glyphosate were considered: neutral and anionic (−1). It was shown that the main mechanism of the binding of both glyphosate forms to the aluminol surface of kaolinite is through multiple hydrogen bonds. The standard free energy of adsorption of neutral glyphosate from water solution to the basal octahedral surface of kaolinite was computed at −5 kJ mol−1, whereas for the anionic form this quantity amounted to −14 kJ mol−1. Our finding showed that kaolinite has an important contribution to overall adsorption capacity of soils for glyphosate, specifically in its anionic form.Highlights
The adsorption free energy of glyphosate on a kaolinite surface is quantified
Interactions are computed by quantum mechanics and by classical force field
Molecular interactions are characterized in terms of hydrogen bonds and orientations
The effect of polarization of the medium on the calculations is analysed
Neurofilament‐light in former athletes: a potential biomarker of neurodegeneration and progression
Authors: Taghdiri F. , Multani N. , Ozzoude M. , Tarazi A. , Khodadadi M. , Wennberg R. , Mikulis D. , Green R. , Colella B. , Davis K.D. , Blennow K. , Zetterberg H. , Tator C. , Tartaglia M.C. 
Published: April 2020

Background/ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate serum neurofilament light chain (NF‐L) levels in former professional contact sports athletes with multiple concussions (ExPro) as a potential biomarker of neurodegeneration and predictor of white‐matter (WM) abnormality progression.MethodsConcentrations of NF‐L in the serum of fifty‐two cognitively normal ExPro and twenty‐one healthy controls (HC) with no history of concussions were measured using single molecule array (Simoa) technology. Both groups underwent neuroimaging at the time of serum collection. Eighteen of the participants in the ExPro underwent follow‐up imaging after 2 years.ResultsLevels of serum NF‐L were not significantly different between the ExPro and HC. However, in the ExPro group, NF‐L levels were positively correlated with the mean diffusivity (MD) of corpus callosum (CC) and fornix, and total ventricular volume. Moreover, NF‐L levels in the ExPro group at the first visit were positively correlated with the amount of increase in CC MD at the 2‐year follow‐up.ConclusionsNF‐L levels reflect neuronal changes in the ExPro group and predict the extent of decrease in white matter integrity over time. Serum NF‐L might be a biomarker of neurodegeneration and WM abnormality progression in ExPro.
Auditor and auditee engagement with public sector performance audit: An institutional logics perspective
Authors: Parker Lee D. , Schmitz Jana , Jacobs Kerry 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the context of contemporary public sector performance audit practice in Australia, this study provides significant insights into performance auditors’ and auditees’ apparent logics and attitudes to performance audits. Employing a documentary analysis and in‐depth semistructured interviews with senior audit leaders from all Australian Auditor‐General jurisdictions, performance auditors’ and auditees’ attitudes toward performance audits and their intentions, strategies, and responses were explored through the lens of institutional logics. Empirical evidence reveals that performance auditors’ logics have gradually moved toward greater stakeholder engagement with auditees, parliamentarians, and the media, while preserving their performance audit prerogatives. Auditees appear to become more receptive to performance auditors’ engagement strategies and consultation attempts if auditors maintain a collaborative attitude. Both parties occasionally apply bridging and buffering strategies in situations where their logics are not aligned with those of the other stakeholder group. This study discovered that competing logics held by performance auditors and auditees are in some respects drawn closer together, while differences nonetheless co‐exist, although often in an uneasy partnership.
Avoiding inheritance taxes in family firms
Authors: Shin Hojong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article documents a novel way to transfer control in family firms while avoiding inheritance taxes: intragroup mergers. I provide evidence that avoiding inheritance taxes is the motivation behind intragroup mergers in Korea. In 1999, Korea initiated a tax reform that bumped up personal inheritance taxes by 25 percentage points. In the posttax‐reform period, I find that family firms increase stock‐for‐stock intragroup mergers involving targets owned by heirs. Specifically, firms with heavy inheritance taxes acquire affiliates owned by heirs, who then convert private target shares into acquirer shares while avoiding inheritance taxes.
Influence of larval transport and temperature on recruitment dynamics of North Sea cod (Gadus morhua) across spatial scales of observation
Authors: Romagnoni Giovanni , Kvile Kristina Øie , Dagestad Knut‐Frode , Eikeset Anne Maria , Kristiansen Trond , Stenseth Nils Chr. , Langangen Øystein 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe survival of fish eggs and larvae, and therefore recruitment success, can be critically affected by transport in ocean currents. Combining a model of early‐life stage dispersal with statistical stock–recruitment models, we investigated the role of larval transport for recruitment variability across spatial scales for the population complex of North Sea cod (Gadus morhua). By using a coupled physical–biological model, we estimated the egg and larval transport over a 44‐year period. The oceanographic component of the model, capable of capturing the interannual variability of temperature and ocean current patterns, was coupled to the biological component, an individual‐based model (IBM) that simulated the cod eggs and larvae development and mortality. This study proposes a novel method to account for larval transport and success in stock–recruitment models: weighting the spawning stock biomass by retention rate and, in the case of multiple populations, their connectivity. Our method provides an estimate of the stock biomass contributing to recruitment and the effect of larval transport on recruitment variability. Our results indicate an effect, albeit small, in some populations at the local level. Including transport anomaly as an environmental covariate in traditional stock–recruitment models in turn captures recruitment variability at larger scales. Our study aims to quantify the role of larval transport for recruitment across spatial scales, and disentangle the roles of temperature and larval transport on effective connectivity between populations, thus informing about the potential impacts of climate change on the cod population structure in the North Sea.