bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and application of stochastic simulation for the sensitive parameters of oil-bearing reservoir
Authors: Zhang Shiqi , Wei Feifei , Li Shijie , Ma Junxia , Wang Yanjun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The petrol physical inversion, based on the parametric relations defined by the Archie’s formulas, revealed that oiliness of reservoir in the targeted zone increases along with the resistivity increment. U sing the different values of resistivity Rtf, and water saturation Sw=80% as the aqueous layer limit, we build up a theoretical chart of Rtf greater than 3.5Ω.m as the reference standard for Oil bearing sand body. Upon the statistical results of actual well data, we set “the cloud relationship” between Rtf and P-impedance under the constraint of geostatistics inversion data, and used the cooperative simulation algorithm to get a spatial prediction of oil-bearing sand body by means of inversion data of the P-impedance.
Wigner function analysis of high harmonic generation in atoms
Authors: Wells D J , Quiney H M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Wigner function provides the expression of phase space dynamics in quantum mechanics. In an application to non-linear optics, we describe its construction from time-dependent wavefunctions generated by numerical simulations, performed in both one and three dimensions, of the interaction of atoms with strong laser fields. From this analysis, the elements of the semi-classical three-step model of high-harmonic generation are extracted directly from the solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. It is demonstrated that information contained in the Wigner function that is not relevant to this analysis may be removed by spatial filtering and state-projection operations.
National trends and outcomes of genetically inherited non-alcoholic chronic liver disease in the USA: estimates from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database
Authors: Sieloff Eric M , Rutledge Brian , Huffman Cuyler , Vos Duncan , Melgar Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Medical literature on the prevalence of genetic liver disease is lacking. In this study, we investigated the in-hospital healthcare and economic burden from genetic causes of non-alcoholic chronic liver disease (NACLD) and non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis (NALC) in the USA.

Methods
Data were abstracted from the National Inpatient Sample database between 2002 and 2014 using ICD9 codes for patients discharged with NACLD and NALC secondary to genetic diseases including alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATd), cystic fibrosis (CF), Wilson disease (WD), hereditary hemochromatosis (HHC), glycogen storage disease, and disorders of aromatic amino-acid metabolism (DAAAM).

Results
Throughout the study period, there were 19,332 discharges for NACLD associated with the six genetic diseases including 14,368 for NALC. There were $1.09 billion in hospital charges, 790 in-hospital deaths, and 955 liver transplants performed. Overall, A1ATd was associated with 8,983 (62.52%) hospitalizations for NALC followed by WD, CF, and HHC. The highest in-hospital mortality was seen with HHC. The greatest frequency of liver transplants was seen with DAAAM.

Conclusion
The number of hospitalizations for genetic liver diseases continues to increase. With increased funding and directed research efforts, we can aim to improve medical treatments and the quality of life for patients at risk for liver deterioration.
Whole-genome sequence-guided PCR for the rapid identification of thePseudomonas aeruginosaST175 high-risk clone directly from clinical samples
Authors: Cabot Gabriel , Lara-Esbrí Paula , Mulet Xavier , Oliver Antonio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesPseudomonas aeruginosa frequently show MDR/XDR profiles, which are associated with worldwide-disseminated high-risk clones (HRCs). We developed a PCR assay for the detection in clinical samples of ST175, an HRC that is widespread in European countries.MethodsThe whole-genome sequence was obtained for one ST175 isolate using a PacBio RSII sequencer. Reads from multiple isolates belonging to ST175 and the PAO1 reference strain were mapped against the ST175 genome to identify potentially specific regions. Once curated, using the BLAST database to search for the presence of those regions in any other organism, we designed a specific PCR for the detection of ST175.ResultsAssembly of the ST175 PacBio-sequenced genome resulted in three contigs with a total length of 7 087 985 bases, encoding 6566 coding sequences. Specific regions for ST175 genomes were detected and a PCR targeting a 318 bp fragment located within a 3177 bp ORF coding for a putative reverse transcriptase was designed. The PCR test was first evaluated in silico against 229 XDR P. aeruginosa genomes (73 ST175) from two multicentre studies, yielding 100% sensitivity and specificity. Then, the PCR was evaluated in vitro in 25 isolates (12 ST175) and in 120 clinical samples (30 urine samples, 30 blood cultures, 30 sputum samples and 30 rectal swabs) of which 10% contained ST175, yielding again 100% sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionsThe PCR assay developed, showing high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of the ST175 HRC directly from clinical samples, could become a useful tool for guiding infection control and treatment strategies in areas with a high prevalence of this clone.
Data-driven design strategy in fused filament fabrication: status and opportunities
Authors: Zhang Yongjie , Moon Seung Ki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The advent of additive manufacturing (AM) has brought about radically new ways of designing and manufacturing of end-use parts and components, by exploiting freedom of design. Due to the unique manufacturing process of AM, both design and process parameters can strongly influence the part properties, thereby enlarging the possible design space. Thus, finding the optimal combination of embodiment design and process parameters can be challenging. A structured and systematic approach is required to effectively search the enlarged design space, to truly exploit the advantages of AM. Due to lowered costs in computing and data collection in the recent years, data-driven strategies have become a viable tool in characterization of process, and researches have starting to exploit data-driven strategies in the design domain. In this paper, a state-of-the-art data-driven design strategy for fused filament fabrication (FFF) is presented. The need for data-driven strategies is explored and discussed from design and process domain, demonstrating the value of such a strategy in designing an FFF part. A comprehensive review of the literature is performed and the research gaps and opportunities are analysed and discussed. The paper concludes with a proposed data-driven framework that addresses the identified research gaps. The proposed framework encompasses knowledge management and concurrent optimization of embodiment design and process parameters to derive optimal FFF part design. Contribution of this paper is twofold: A review of the state-of-the-art is presented, and a framework to achieve optimal FFF part design is proposed.
Idiopathic adult intestinal intussusception: a rare cause of an acute surgical abdomen
Authors: Gange Eliot R , Grieco Marco A , Myers Scott D , Guenther Timothy M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Intussusception is uncommon among adults. The condition, which is defined as a telescoping of a proximal portion of the small or large bowel into the lumen of an adjacent segment of bowel, is most commonly seen in children. Among pediatric cases, the majority is benign and treated non-operatively. However, in adults, intussusception is the result of pathologic and often malignant lead points in the majority of cases. This makes surgical resection and tissue diagnosis the only definitive treatment option. While the majority of adult intussusception cases involves a pathologic lead point, a small percentage is idiopathic, without an identifiable lead point. We present a 32-year-old man with acute on chronic abdominal pain and cross-sectional imaging that identified jejunal intussusception, which was confirmed in operating room and resected. Interestingly, no pathologic lead point was identified on pathologic review. We discuss our diagnostic approach, surgical decision making and final tissue diagnosis.
Pediatric Seymour Fractures of the Toe
Authors: Baker Courtney E. , Leafblad Nels , Larson A. Noelle 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Seymour fractures of the toe are physeal fractures with often occult concomitant nail bed injuries and thus are open fractures. They are uncommon injuries that without proper treatment can result in osteomyelitis. The literature has sparse information regarding the clinical outcomes for these injuries.

Methods:
A single-center retrospective review included juxta-epiphyseal fractures or Salter-Harris I/II fracture of the toe with documented concomitant nail bed injury or laceration. Clinical and radiographic data were recorded for consecutive fractures. The primary outcome was the incidence of osteomyelitis. Secondary outcomes included premature physeal arrest, development of nail dystrophy, and functionality of the toe.

Results:
Between 2006 and 2019, 19 patients were treated for this injury by the pediatric orthopaedic division. Complications included osteomyelitis (n=6), physeal arrest (n=4), and nail dystrophy (n=1). Days from injury to definitive treatment were significantly greater in patients who developed osteomyelitis compared with those who did not (P<0.01). Patients were significantly more likely to develop osteomyelitis if they did not receive acute definitive treatment (<48 h) (P<0.001; likelihood ratio, 17.9).

Conclusions:
Prompt definitive treatment of Seymour fractures of the toe was associated with a lower incidence of osteomyelitis. Greater awareness for these seemingly innocuous injuries is needed to provide an early treatment that may reduce the rate of osteomyelitis.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—case series.
Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy Versus Open Microdiscectomy for Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Gadjradj Pravesh S. , Harhangi Biswadjiet S. , Amelink Jantijn , van Susante Job , Kamper Steven , van Tulder Maurits , Peul Wilco C. , Vleggeert-Lankamp Carmen , Rubinstein Sidney M. 
Published: December 2020

Study Design.
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective.
To give a systematic overview of effectiveness of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) compared with open microdiscectomy (OM) in the treatment of lumbar disk herniation (LDH).

Summary of Background Data.
The current standard procedure for the treatment of sciatica caused by LDH, is OM. PTED is an alternative surgical technique which is thought to be less invasive. It is unclear if PTED has comparable outcomes compared with OM.

Methods.
Multiple online databases were systematically searched up to April 2020 for randomized controlled trials and prospective studies comparing PTED with OM for LDH. Primary outcomes were leg pain and functional status. Pooled effect estimates were calculated for the primary outcomes only and presented as standard mean differences (SMD) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) at short (1-day postoperative), intermediate (3–6 months), and long-term (12 months).

Results.
We identified 2276 citations, of which eventually 14 studies were included. There was substantial heterogeneity in effects on leg pain at short term. There is moderate quality evidence suggesting no difference in leg pain at intermediate (SMD 0.05, 95% CI –0.10–0.21) and long-term follow-up (SMD 0.11, 95% CI –0.30–0.53). Only one study measured functional status at short-term and reported no differences. There is moderate quality evidence suggesting no difference in functional status at intermediate (SMD –0.09, 95% CI –0.24–0.07) and long-term (SMD –0.11, 95% CI –0.45–0.24).

Conclusion.
There is moderate quality evidence suggesting no difference in leg pain or functional status at intermediate and long-term follow-up between PTED and OM in the treatment of LDH. High quality, robust studies reporting on clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness on the long term are lacking.

Level of Evidence: 2
The Diagnostic Value of Fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for the Detection of Surgical Site Infection after Spine Surgery
Authors: Segawa Tomohide , Koga Hisashi , Oshina Masahito , Fukushima Masayoshi , Inanami Hirohiko 
Published: December 2020

Study Design.
Retrospective case series.

Objective.
The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic yield of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET/CT) for surgical site infection (SSI) after spine surgery.

Summary of Background Data.
Diagnosis of SSI in the spine based on F-18 FDG PET/CT requires experienced nuclear medical physicians for a detailed analysis of F-18 FDG distribution pattern. It has also been reported that increases in the maximal standardized uptake values of F-18 FDG (SUVmax) closely correlated with SSI, suggesting potential of more objective and quantitative diagnosis.

Methods.
We assessed the diagnostic yield of F-18 FDG PET/CT (pattern-based diagnosis by nuclear medical physicians and SUVmax-based diagnosis) for SSI in 52 subjects who underwent spine surgery. The 52 subjects included 11 nonimplant and 41 implant cases. F-18 FDG PET/CT was performed in 33 and 19 cases in early (≤12 weeks after the surgery) and late (>12 weeks) phases, respectively. The final diagnosis of SSI was based on the results of pathogen identification, plain radiography, and CT and/or magnetic resonance imaging or response to antibiotics and/or reoperation.

Results.
SUVmax-based diagnosis was performed with a cut off value of 5.0 as determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Both pattern-based and SUVmax-based diagnoses demonstrated excellent diagnostic yields with high sensitivity (97% and 90%), specificity (100% and 100%), and accuracy (98% and 94%). High diagnostic yields (accuracy of ≥90%) were consistently observed irrespective of presence or absence of implantation or interval between surgery and F-18 FDG PET/CT.

Conclusion.
F-18 FDG PET/CT can be the procedure of choice for investigation of SSI in the spine when other imaging fails to provide a definitive diagnosis.

Level of Evidence: 4
RE-INVENTING CYANOACRYLATE RETINOPEXY IN THE 21ST CENTURY: LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE SERIES
Authors: Khatri Anadi , Justin Grant A. , Singh Sweta , Rijal Roshija K. , Thapa Saraswati , Singh Kinsuk , Agrawal Rupesh 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
We report use of cyanoacrylate (N-butyl-Cyanoacrylate) in previously failed retinal reattachment surgeries for chorio-retinal colobomas. We report the surgical technique, its challenges, and long-term outcomes in three patients who underwent the surgery.

Methods:
A chart review of patients with chorio-retinal colobomas and retinal detachment repair with cyanoacrylate at a tertiary eye care center in Nepal. Cyanoacrylate was used to seal colobomatous retinal breaks in eyes which had undergone multiple retinal surgeries with failed outcome.

Results:
Three eyes that were operated using cyanoacrylate were included. All three patients had attached retina and none of the patients required a long-term tamponading agent. None of the patients underwent head positioning following the surgery. All of the patients had a visual acuity gain of 3/60 or more at the end of 8 months. No adverse or inflammatory reactions were noted.

Conclusion:
We demonstrate that cyanoacrylate is safe and less resource-demanding without a requirement of second surgery to remove a tamponading agent. It could be helpful in eyes with persistent retinal detachment in colobomatous eyes. Because we were able to achieve favorable outcomes without head positioning, we believe it may also be helpful in patients who are not suitable for positioning because of bodily or bony deformities and in retinal detachment with other coexisting trauma.
Ocular Discomfort and Quality of Life Among Patients in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management Study
Authors: Sayegh Rony R. , Yu Yinxi , Farrar John T. , Kuklinski Eric J. , Shtein Roni M. , Asbell Penny A. , Maguire Maureen G. ,   for the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) Study Research Group
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To assess the association of severity of ocular discomfort with measures of quality of life among patients with moderate to severe dry eye disease (DED).

Methods:
This is a prospective, observational, cohort study within a randomized clinical trial. Patients (N = 535) in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management study with moderate to severe DED completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index on DED symptoms, the SF-36 on quality of life, and the Brief Ocular Discomfort Inventory questionnaire and had a comprehensive ophthalmic assessment by a study-certified clinician. The ocular discomfort on average over the past week was scored on an 11-point scale (0 for no discomfort and 10 for discomfort as bad as you can imagine).

Results:
The average ocular discomfort scores for patients ranged from 0 to 10, with a mean of 4.28. Discomfort scores did not vary with demographic characteristics, signs of DED, self-reported depression, or self-reported nonocular pain conditions. Ocular discomfort scores did correlate moderately to strongly with total Ocular Surface Disease Index scores (Spearman correlation coefficient, r
s, 0.47–0.67) and with measures of interference with activities of daily living [general activity level, mood, walking ability, ability for normal work, relations with other people, sleep, and enjoyment of life (r
s = 0.39–0.65)].

Conclusions:
Among patients in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management study, worse ocular discomfort was associated with worse overall DED symptoms and interfered to a greater degree with activities of daily living. Ocular discomfort is an important part of the assessment of patients with DED.
Obesogenic Assesment of the Primary Schools Environment: A Qualitative Narrative Analysis
Authors: Ahmad Siti Rohaiza , Bush Robert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhile multiple influences on children’s food choices and eating habits have been proposed, including genetic, familial and environmental influences, it is increasingly the environments they live in, including schools, that are receiving attention as sites for understanding health-related behaviors.AimTo analyse the infrastructure of Brunei’s primary schools in terms of the level of obesogenicity and how the condition can be improved for the future.MethodsSite of research was five purposely selected primary schools in Brunei Darussalam. In this research, the obesogenic audit tool used were developed from the Primary School Environmental Audit (PSEA) tool.ResultsSimilarities and differences to the nutrition and physical activity environment across the five different schools was found. Consistency was observed across all school sites in the MOE and MOH formal rules and regulations that were applied to the school food-services operations.ConclusionThe use of a modified PSEA audit tool, has successfully enabled the successful identification of the various elements of primary schools in Brunei that may have contributed to an obesogenic environment. The research approach in this study was to not only examine a school’s internal environment but its external environment as well. This ensured a more complete overview of what was in-place, allowing assessment of what could be better improved to make it more conducive to childhood obesity prevention.
On the Effects of Misclassification in Estimating Efficacy With Application to Recent COVID-19 Vaccine Trials
Authors: Buonaccorsi John P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe recent trials for proposed COVID-19 vaccines have garnered a considerable amount of attention and as of this writing extensive vaccination efforts are underway. The first two vaccines approved in the United States are the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines both with estimated efficacy near 95%. One question which has received limited attention, and which we address here, is what affect false positives or false negatives have on the estimated efficacy. Expressions for potential bias due to misclassification of COVID status are developed as are general formulas to adjust for misclassification, allowing for either differential or non-differential misclassification. These results are illustrated with numerical investigations pertinent to the Moderna and Pfizer trials. The general conclusion, fortunately, is that the potential misclassification of COVID status almost always would lead to underestimation of the efficacy and that correcting for false positives or negatives will typically lead to even higher estimated efficacy.
Computational analysis of pathological image enables interpretable prediction for microsatellite instability
Authors: Zhu Jin , Wu Wangwei , Zhang Yuting , Lin Shiyun , Jiang Yukang , Liu Ruixian , Wang Xueqin , Zhang Heping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveMicrosatellite instability (MSI) is associated with several tumor types and its status has become increasingly vital in guiding patient treatment decisions. However, in clinical practice, distinguishing MSI from its counterpart is challenging since the diagnosis of MSI requires additional genetic or immunohistochemical tests. In this study, we aimed to establishe an interpretable pathological image analysis strategies to help medical experts to identify MSI automatically.DesignThree cohorts of Haematoxylin and eosin-stained whole-slide images from 1033 patients with different tumor types were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas. These images were preprocessed and tessallated into small tiles. A image-level interpretable deep learning model and a feature-level interpretable random forest model were built up on these files.ResultsBoth models performed well in the three datasets and achieved image-level and feature-level interpretability repectively. Importantly, both from the image-level and feature-level interpretability, color features and texture characteristics are shown to contribute the most to the MSI prediction. Based on them, we established an interpretable classification framework. Therefore, the classification models under the proposed framework can serve as an efficient tool for predicting the MSI status of patients.ConclusionThis study establishes a interpretable classification framework to for predicting the MSI status of patients and provide more insights to pathologists with clinical understanding.