bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivations, Enabling Factors and Barriers to the Energy Transition in Indonesia and Vietnam
Authors: Ialnazov D. , Keeley A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The main goal of this paper is to contribute to a rapidly growing literature on the motivations, enabling factors and barriers to the energy transition in developing countries. We develop and compare the case studies of two developing countries – Indonesia and Vietnam – based on primary data obtained from questionnaires and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders during field surveys in 2015-2018. The main reason for the selection of these countries is the relative similarity of their energy transition paths. Although both Indonesia and Vietnam have made efforts to increase the share of renewable energy in their energy mix, the results so far have not been very encouraging. In particular, the share of energy from intermittent renewable sources such as wind and solar is still rather small. Our findings confirm the existing literature’s insights about the motivations, the enabling factors and the barriers to the shift to renewables but offer much deeper understanding of some specific enabling factors and barriers. In particular, we elucidate in more depth the concerns of both developing country policymakers and private investors.
Solution to Handle Missing Data in Create Typical Load Graph
Authors: Lam Le Hong , Huu Hieu Nguyen , Minh Khoa Ngo , Thanh Minh Nguyen , Tan Vinh Tran 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Today, the development of the demand is very fast, so the management of demand and the planning of purchasing power is a challenge for Electricity companies. Moreover, the continuous data collection is very difficult especially for Vietnam since the types of measuring equipment are too old or not enough budget to mass equip. Therefore, the paper analyses data processing methods to develop a tool to build typical load graphs for distribution grids corresponding to different load components in order to optimize the distribution grid. The calculation tool is integrated with the proposed algorithm and built-in Matlab and applied to the actual power grid in Thua Thien Hue province for various load components.
Methodology for Wastewater Discharge Modeling – Application to Danang Bay, Vietnam
Authors: Quy An Nguyen Phuoc , Gourbesville Philippe , Audra Philippe , Duong Vo Ngoc , Ngoc Khoi Vo Diep 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The water quality of Danang Bay is one of the major issues on the coast of Danang City. The discharge will be inserted into this study domain through the outlet of the Phu Loc Channel. Mike 21 FM Hydrodynamics module coupled to a water quality model using Mike 21 FM ECOLab module is applied to simulate the water quality and to identify the spreading of NH4
+, which is used as a pollutant tracer. Currently, the outlet of Phu Loc channel has a flow-directed wall which leads the water toward the centre of Danang city. As a result, the study suggests three scenarios of wastewater management from the outlet of Phu Loc channel. The first scenario is that the wastewater will discharge along with the current flow-directed wall. Second, the flow-directed wall will be reconstructed toward the reverse direction compared to the current direction. Third, the current flow-directed wall will be destroyed. Out of three proposed scenarios, the first one generates the longest polluted area toward the centre of the city, along the Danang Bay. Consequently, the current flow-directed wall is not the best way to discharge the wastewater of Phu Loc Channel. The finding of this research demonstrates that the best way to discharge the wastewater from Phu Loc channel would be a flow-directed wall reconstructed toward the reverse direction.
The Impacts of Consumer Rights Enthusiasm on Innovative Food Packaging Management
Authors: Chen P Y , Chen S H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
An urge for food packaging container safety and environmental protection has driven consumer rights enthusiasm towards an energetic and positive sense of innovative consumption consciousness. In this study, Taiwanese consumers were taken as the research objects, consumer rights enthusiasm as the independent variable, a desire for environmental protection and safety management in food packaging containers as the intermediate variable, and innovative consumption consciousness as the variable, to explore the strength of consumer rights enthusiasm on the safety and environmental protection in food packaging containers, and the impacts of its eagerness in innovative consumption consciousness of packaging containers. An empirical analysis was conducted to verify the results, and the study found that the stronger the consumer rights enthusiasm, the higher the desire for environmental protection and safety management in food packaging containers is. Also, the stronger the desire for environmental protection and safety management in food packaging containers, the higher the innovative consumption consciousness is.
The effect of the traffic noise on the environment comfort in the cities - Case study: Karada city in Baghdad
Authors: Mesrop Seda Sarkis , Rasheed Hameed Laith , Jaber Al-Bakry Hiyam Majeed 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The noise pollution in the cities has become of great concern all over the World. This research deals with evaluating the noise levels that was carried out in the study area streets (Karada city). The aims of this research were to evaluate the environmental noise pollution present in Karada city caused by traffic noise, compare the measured noise levels in the city with legislations and to establish the connection between noise and the number of active vehicles. The research work was carried out in three different stages: The first stage dealt with the physical measurements (using Apparatus Device), while the second stage had to do with the field surveys and questionnaires conducted to measure and evaluate the effect of noise caused by vehicular movements in the main streets during traffic rush hours. The third stage was carried out in parallel with the first stage as the amount of traffic in the study area streets was measured. Ultimately, the research concludes with results and recommendations to protect the study area from traffic noise pollution, which in return would be very beneficial to studies that deal with planning a noise-free environment.
physical Constituents of university urban environment; the impact on social behavior characteristics (University of Babylon A model)
Authors: Ahmed Ameera Jaleel , Jabbar Neima Saba 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Environment quality plays a major role in communication, and, enhances life.it has received increased attention across a number of disciplines in recent years. in contrast, there is no comprehensiveness of experimental behavioral studies. so the major problem there is a lack of knowledge in comprehensiveness of experimental behavioral studies, that determine the physical Constituents; Influencing the social behavior characteristics, and assessment the environment quality based on behavioral measures by observed behavior. the aim of this paper is to develop previous literature theoretical framework and draw out behavioral measures to assess the environment quality (functionally, physically and ecologically). The inductive experimental approach was adopted, six urban spaces were elected at the University of Babylon, and observation Student behavior during (2018-2019). Finally, the results showed that determine the measures based on observed behavior Characteristics contributes effectively to the assessment environment quality, on another side high quality of the urban environment leads to increase the variety of behavioral patterns and cognitive relationships.
The Effect of Museums’ Internal Spaces Characteristics Upon visitors’ Space Use Patterns: Qatar Museums as a Case study
Authors: Mustafa Waleed Sami , Hasan Taha Asma 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Visitors’ space use pattern in museums is the mechanism by which visitors can understand and comprehend the internal display environment through a series of behaviors that begin with Capture, Navigation and ends by stopping to view display content. To find out the effect of the internal physical environment of the display spaces which consist of (the display containers) represented by the surrounding surfaces and (display content) of exhibits, the organizational characteristics of each one had to be studied to know their impact in these different patterns of space use. The relationship between the patterns of display space use represented by (visitors exploratory movement and stopping to view exhibits) and the internal space characteristics represented by (organizational relationships of display container and content) is a phenomenon that didn’t have a great deal of studying despite its role in making the museum experience successful. Accordingly, the research aimed at shedding light on the nature of this relationship through studying a group of neutral display spaces for the display containers with their contents along with their different spatial organization between two of international museums within an interactive approach based on the actual analysis of the visitor behavior by observation and tracking in addition to carrying out syntactical analysis for the display halls in the selected samples with Depthmap UCL software. The results of the practical study showed that the matching between the display container and island display content in the spatial organization raises the learning opportunity and going deeply into the display content as well as stimulating the interaction of visitors through focusing on exhibits on one hand, this interaction with display, on the other hand, towards wall display content increases as much as this matching decreases.
The Material as a Stimulus for Designing Action: the GRC as a model in contemporary Iraqi practice
Authors: ra’ouf Zainab hussein , Abbas Aboud Oday , Salim Abdulahaad Enas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The architectural field has always represented an area where the potential of the materials that simulate the spirit of its time based on the architect designer’s understanding of these materials, their precise properties and their characteristics that influenced the making of creative architectural modules, the latest one known as GRC The research problem specified as “The Lack of clear conception about what the GRC material is and its effect on the designing action both in its intellectual and applicable aspects in the development of the contemporary architecture”. The goal of the research is to define the aspects of the GRC and to bring into view their indicators and level of influence on contemporary architecture. The research defined its method of work by examining the concept of G.R.C and its practical applications in the global practice to build the theoretical frame then tests it on selected Iraqi samples. The research concludes that the local experiment proved the architect understands of the GRC conception and its applicable methods on developing contemporary designing methods aimed at renovation and to stay clear of stereotypical and traditional pattern especially those related to designing the facades but the influence was directed at most towards implementing the aesthetic considerations at the expense of functional and performance considerations..
Impact of Gold nanoparticles sizes and concentrations on the Rhabdomyosarcoma cells
Authors: Sawalha Sura M. , Ghadhban Eman , Al-Dahan Ziad T. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The cytotoxic effect of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on Rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RMS or RD cell line) has been studied by using Methyl Thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Two sizes of the synthesized GNPs (61nm and 71 nm) functionalized with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide with different concentrations of 3.6 ml of 5 ml CTAB solution were used in the current research. The RD cell line was exposed to these particles for 48 hours. The findings showed that the cytotoxic effects of GNPs appeared to depend on concentration. for both sizes at higher concentration, the inhibition rate of IR absorbance was significantly decreased due to GNPs agglomeration on the cell membrane. Lower concentrations of GNPs internalize the cytoplasmic membrane individually by diffusion. Moreover, average particle diameters of 61nm showed a significant inhibition rate of more than 71nm at a lower concentration.
Synthesis and characterisation of zinc oxide catalyst and its composite with polymer additives
Authors: Abdul Jabar Marwa F 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNano-sized zinc oxide (ZnO) particles and its composite were synthesised with xanthan gum (XG) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) polymers.This work studied different concentrations of the surface adsorption of these polymers onto the Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles.The concentrations used as mass ratio were (1:1, 1:0.5 and 1:0.25w/w) for ZnO/polymer. The nanoparticles are then analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), particle size and BET surface area.Composition of the samples was recognised with X-ray diffraction. The shape of particles changes with addition polymeric additives. It has been indicated that the low concentration polymers display a weaker effect on the surface of particles in comparison to the polymers with high concentration and CMC polymer better than XG polymer since it facilitated to produce finest nanoparticles with higher surface area.
Structural and Optical Performance of The doped ZnO Nano-thin Films by (CSP)
Authors: Ghazai AlaaJabbar , Qader KameranYasseen , Habubi Nadir Fadhil , Chiad Sami Salman , Abdulmunem OdayMazin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study, were investigated structural, optical properties and morphological ofZnO and Te-doped ZnO Nano-thin films deposited by Chemical spray pyrolysis(CSP) method. The structural properties of films were studied as pure and Te dopant ZnO at concentration 2 and 4%. The films were characterized by XRD to study the structure of films. It was observed that the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO for all samples. The films exhibited wurtzite (102) preferential growth in pure and the dopant ratios. Grain size values calculated fromScherrer’s formula of the films were varied in range of (79-113) nm. The band gap energy values were calculated respectively for undoped ZnO and 2% 4% Te doped ZnO samples.
2-D steady seepage flow model to simulate the contaminates transportation through homogeneous earth dam using Geo–Studio software
Authors: Sadiq S. M. , Kubba Faris A. , Ahmed Fatin K. I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGeo-Studio program is used in this study with its sub-programs named SEEP/W and CTRAN/W 2012 to represent and analyse the phreatic line, the amount of seepage through the dam, the pressure head, the discharge, the total head and the amount of contaminants that transport through the body of the dam. The problem of transportation of contaminants through homogeneous earth dam due to seepage flow was studied and simulated using the computational fluid dynamic technique with the help of Geo–slope programs. The paper also studied the prediction of future contaminants’ levels in the specified dam. The study also discusses the effect of pool water level fluctuation from maximum to a minimum level on the seepage flow and the time of pollution transmission. From the Geo-studio software, it is deduced that when the water level is at the maximum height (20m), it needs 12 days, at normal height (15m) it needs 30 days, while at a minimum height (8 m) it needs 100 days to reach the drain zone.
Role of Rice Husk as Natural Sorbent in Paracetamol Sorption Equilibrium and Kinetics
Authors: Lahieb Faisal M. , Al-Sharify Zainab T. , Farah Faisal M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Biosorbent of rice husk was utilized to evaluate the removing of paracetamol from aqueous medium by sorption process (batch-concept); studying the influence of several experimental parameters as biosorbent dose, contact time, change of temperature; also studying the behaviour of the equilibrium isotherm of paracetamol into the rice husks and comparing the data with different isotherm models. Pseudo-second order equation and Langmuir model were best suited fordata experience. With increasing temperature the sorption process increased; suggesting that the process is endothermic in nature. FTIR test was tested before and after sorption for the purpose of showingthe presence and number of the functional groups ofparacetamolbinding on to the tested sorbent.
Numerical Solution of Single and Two Bubbles Moving in Quiescent Liquid Using Euler-Lagrange Approach
Authors: Alabedin Z , Mohammed T J , Jalil J M 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt is known that the bubbles dynamics are very important and dominant property in multiphase airlift systems. The major benefit came from understanding visually and numerically these dynamics that lead to improvement of bubbles distribution and a well-mixed mixture inside reactors. Hence, Euler-Lagrange approach has been used to study bubbles dynamics. By using the two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations that reinforces turbulence model the continuous phase velocity is calculated. The coupling between the phases was take into consideration through source terms of momentum and the source terms in the equations (ε and k), which include the effect of wake-generated turbulence by means consistent Lagrangian-similar terms. by utilizing the motion equations taking into account added mass, drag, pressure, gravity, wall, and the transverse lift force the Bubble motion was calculated. So as to determine the importance relative for the different physical phenomena’s included in the model., a modified particle source in cell (PIC) is introduced, where the effect of bubble is accounted not only where the center of bubble is located but also to all the cells that containing bubble.
Investigation of overall mass transfer coefficient of CO2 absorption in to aqueous blended Monoethanolamine (MEA), Diethanolamine (DEA) and Triethanolamine (TEA) measured in Bubble column Reactor solution
Authors: Rushdi Salih , Thamer Elaf 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Mixtures of different types of amine solution (primary Monoethanolamine (MEA), secondary : diethanolamine (DEA) and tertiary: triethanolamine (TEA) were experimentally used to investigation the overall mass transfer coefficient (KGa
) at different operating parameters. The experiments were made in a bubble column reactor (BCR) with 1.5 m in high and 0.1 m inside diameter as a gas-liquid contactor at 25°C and atmospheric pressure, using a simulation gaseous mixture (air, carbon dioxide) with recycle stream (circulation process). For efficient experimentation, the Taguchi method was applied for experimental design. A four factor and three levels was chosen for this study and it was exploded using L9 (34) orthogonal array design. These parameters for circulation process were namely: gas flow rate 10,15, and 20L/min, air flow rate100,150, and 200 L/h, liquid flow rate 5,10, and 15 L/min and time absorption time 30,60, and 90min. To understand the effectiveness order of different operating parameters, two factors namely, overall mass transfer coefficient (KGa
), and CO
2 loading (α) are to be exploded. A Shimadzu GC-8A Gas Chromatograph with thermal conductivity detector was used to measure the CO
2 concentration absorbed in aqueous blended solution. As per Taguchi analysis the significance sequence influencing the parameter and optimum condition can be determined. The maximum value for CO
2 loading was 3.439 (mol CO2/mol amine) at 20 L/min gas flow and 15 L/min liquid flow, and 200 L/h air flow for 60 min from absorption time. The performance was evaluated in terms of the overall mass transfer coefficient, KGav
, the results show that max value of KGa
was 0.08 S
−1
Effect of opening on strength characteristics of reinforced concrete dapped ends beams
Authors: Mushatat Haider Amer , AbdulKareem Wael Shahadha , Wanas Abeer Hassan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study is devoted to investigate experimentally the ultimate strength capacity performance of seven dapped ends simply supported reinforced concrete beams with a (length, height, and width) dimension of (1200, 240, and 130) mm, either solid cross section or top/bottom hollow opening/s. One-point load test method results a different crack patterns of multi types of failure with varying intensity. It is found that the beams strength capacity values with openings less than the solid beams by 5-10%, while the deflection values of solid cross section beam contrary increased by 11-30%. Also, for the same location of opening the increase in hollow openings reduce the capacity load by 4.5-10%, but increase the deflection values by 6-12.5%. Finally, the beams with opening located at the compression zone decrease the load capacity and increase the deflection values by 5% than the beams with opening at tension zone. Therefore, this study handed to the civil engineering designer using the dapped ends beams in bridge construction structures under effect of static loads, “for the necessary purposes of installing power supply cable or water pipe, the authors recommended using beams with opening to be located at bottom fiber tension zone”.
The role of street and park trees to CO2 removal and improving air quality and climate in urban areas in Najaf (Iraq)Type the title of your paper here
Authors: Guda Muthik A. , Obaid Jawad K. , Alduhaidahawi Faris j. , Alkurdi Helen J. A. , alkareemaw Hakeem G.L. , Salih Hayder M. , Isawi Hussein F.M. AL. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The aims of this research is assessing ecosystem services and helping to integrate the multiplicity functions of urban ecosystems into city planning and management processes. Among the important impacts of trees in gardens and streets in removing CO2 and improving air quality and climate, In the center of Al-Najaf (Iraq). This study included realistic statistics and was incorporated into a modified program (ITE Eco Model), where the trees were inventoried. Then assess the status of trees and the variation in tree types and use this information in the assessment of environmental services. According to this study, it is recommended to increase park areas and care for trees and not to cut them from the point of view of ecosystem service, according to the key to the ecosystem of afforestation.
The possibility of Manufacturing Building Bricks from Al-Qend Hills Clays in North Iraq by using the extrusion and pressing methods
Authors: Abdullah Waleed R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study deals with the properties of Al-Qend Hills clays (Nineveh Governorate, North of Iraq) that effect on the production of building bricks and determines the best method for bricks industry. Two methods used to the manufacturing of clay brick samples, the first is the extrusion with dimensions (2.5×4×7.5) cm and the second is the pressing (cylinder shape) with dimensions (3.5×5.5) cm after that dried at room temperature for 48 hr. and for 24 hr. at 110 °C using the laboratory oven. After the drying process, the samples will burn at different temperatures (750, 800, 850 and 1100) °C according to burning program for 2 hr. in muffle furnace, The results appear that extruded samples at 800 °C is successful because conform to the requirements of Iraqi standards specification No.25, 1993.