bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UV‐B signalling in rice: Response identification, gene expression profiling and mutant isolation
Authors: Idris Muhammad , Seo Nobu , Jiang Lei , Kiyota Seiichiro , Hidema Jun , Iino Moritoshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractResponses of rice seedlings to UV‐B radiation (UV‐B) were investigated, aiming to establish rice as a model plant for UV‐B signalling studies. The growth of japonica rice coleoptiles, grown under red light, was inhibited by brief irradiation with UV‐B, but not with blue light. The effective UV‐B fluences (10−1‐103 μmol m−2) were much lower than those reported in Arabidopsis. The response was much less in indica rice cultivars and its extent varied among Oryza species. We next identified UV‐B‐specific anthocyanin accumulation in the first leaf of purple rice and used this visible phenotype to isolate mutants. Some isolated mutants were further characterized, and one was found to have a defect in the growth response. Using microarrays, we identified a number of genes that are regulated by low‐fluence‐rate UV‐B in japonica coleoptiles. Some up‐regulated genes were analysed by real‐time PCR for UV‐B specificity and the difference between japonica and indica. More than 70% of UV‐B‐regulated rice genes had no homologs in UV‐B‐regulated Arabidopsis genes. Many UV‐B‐regulated rice genes are related to plant hormones and especially to jasmonate biosynthetic and responsive genes in apparent agreement with the growth response. Possible involvement of two rice homologs of UVR8, a UV‐B photoreceptor, is discussed.
Sources of Evidence for Risks and Benefits in Agricultural Biotechnology Policy in India: Exploring Links to Setting and Plot in Policy Narratives
Authors: Huda Juhi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough introduced more than two decades ago, agricultural biotechnology remains contentious. New technologies bring uncertainty concerning their risks and promises and create new policy process challenges for governments assessing risks and benefits in the face of contradictory evidence. Stakeholders typically claim to have evidence to support their positions, which often focuses on risks and benefits. Using the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF), this study examines the commercialization process for a genetically modified variety of eggplant in India focusing on evidence in support of claims concerning risks and benefits in policy narratives. It examines how evidence and risk are used within policy narratives and explores possible links with setting and plot since the latest NPF research situates evidence and risk in that context. Findings indicate that stakeholders use evidence, risks, and benefits differently, often in connection with other narrative elements and strategies. Proponents de‐emphasize risks and exclusively highlight benefits while opponents invoke multidimensional risk. Evidence was used to portray heroes, villains, victims, and beneficiaries and, since plot situates characters in time and space, there is some support for situating evidence within plot. Risks and benefits were employed as a narrative strategy to expand or limit the scope of the policy issue and were articulated through policy problems. Setting in policy narratives includes policy problems lending support to situating risks and benefits within setting. Findings have implications on the role of evidence and risks and benefits within policy narratives.Related ArticlesCrow, Deserai A., Lydia A. Lawhon, John Berggren, Juhi Huda, and Elizabeth Koebele Adrianne Kroepsch. 2017. “A Narrative Policy Framework Analysis of Wildfire Policy Discussions in two Colorado Communities.” Politics & Policy 45 (4): 626‐656. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12207Shanahan, Elizabeth A., Mark K. McBeth, and Paul L. Hathaway. 2011. “Narrative Policy Framework: The Influence of Media Policy Narrative on Public Opinion.” Politics & Policy 39 (3): 373‐400. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00295.xSmith‐Walter, Aaron, Holly L. Peterson, Michael D. Jones, and Ashley Nicole Reynolds Marshall. 2016. “Gun Stories: How Evidence Shapes Firearm Policy in the United States.” Politics & Policy 44 (6): 1053‐1088. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12187
Educational inequalities in suicide in a middle‐income country: A socioeconomic approach of mental health
Authors: Ordóñez‐Monak Ivonne , Arroyave Ivan , Cardona Doris 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis research aims to describe trends in inequalities in suicide mortality by educational level in Colombia between 1998 and 2015.MethodStandardized suicide mortality rates (SMR) were calculated by educational level, sex, and age in adult men and women over 25 years of age. Poisson regression models were used to calculate the RR (rate ratio) with those highly educated as a reference, and the RII (relative index of inequality).ResultsThe number of reported deaths by suicide between 1998 and 2015 was 24,654, of which 84.7% were men. By age‐group, 48.5% of suicides were among young adult men and women (25–44). Men had higher suicide rates than women (SMR men = 10.44/100,000; SMR women = 1.72/100,000). The age‐standardized mortality rates (SMR) were higher in the groups with the lowest educational level in both sexes and all age‐groups, except for senior adult women (65+). Broadly, while SMR reduced throughout most of the period, inequalities grew.ConclusionsWe found that the educational inequities associated with suicide in Colombia grew slightly. This suggests the need to work on suicide prevention strategies that go beyond the individual risk factors. Socioeconomic issues need to be considered as a key tool to prevent suicide by improving peoples' quality of life and their mental health.
Clinical features and outcome of septic shock in dogs: 37 Cases (2008‐2015)
Authors: Summers April M. , Vezzi Noel , Gravelyn Tara , Culler Christine , Guillaumin Julien 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo describe patient characteristics of dogs with septic shock, investigate markers of disease severity, and assess treatment impact on outcome.DesignRetrospective study.SettingSingle center, university veterinary teaching intensive care unit.AnimalsThirty‐seven dogs with septic shock.InterventionsNone.Measurements and main resultsMean number of organ dysfunction was 3.24 ± 1.0, and included cardiovascular (100%), respiratory (73%), hematologic (68%), renal (49%), and hepatic (32%) dysfunction. The gastrointestinal tract was the most common source of sepsis. Mean blood pressure prior to resuscitation was 50 ± 8 mm Hg. All dogs were given IV fluids before vasopressor therapy with a mean rate of 12.1 ± 11.0 mL/kg/h. All dogs were given antimicrobials, administered within a mean of 4.3 ± 5.7 hours after diagnosis. Dopamine or norepinephrine was administered IV, respectively in 51.3% and 37.8% of dogs, with a mean duration of hypotension of 2.6 ± 3.0 hours. Mortality rate was 81.1%. Survivors were more likely to have a feeding tube (P = 0.007) and to have gastrointestinal sepsis (P = 0.012), and less likely to have respiratory dysfunction (P < 0.001). APPLEFull scores (P = 0.014) and time to antimicrobial therapy (P = 0.047) were identified as predictors of mortality. Treatment bundles consisting of 7 interventions that may improve outcomes in people with septic shock were evaluated. Survivors received 4.1 ± 1.3 interventions, whereas nonsurvivors received 2.4 ± 1.4 (P = 0.003).ConclusionsSeptic shock in dogs confers a guarded prognosis. Early antimicrobial therapy and the utilization of treatment bundles may increase survivability in dogs with septic shock. More research is warranted to investigate the impact of specific interventions on survival.
Use of a surgical safety checklist after implementation in an academic veterinary hospital
Authors: Hawker William T. G. , Singh Ameet , Gibson Thomas W. G. , Giuffrida Michelle A. , Weese J. Scott 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the use and barriers to uptake of a surgical safety checklist (SSC) after implementation in a veterinary teaching hospital.Study designVoluntary online survey and retrospective study.Sample populationAll personnel actively involved in the Ontario Veterinary College Health Sciences Centre small animal surgery service between October 2, 2018 and June 28, 2019.MethodsSurgical case logs and electronically initiated SSC were reviewed to calculate checklist use. The sample population was surveyed to identify factors and barriers associated with use of the SSC. Participants were allowed 1 month to respond, and five reminder emails were sent.ResultsForth‐one of 50 (82%) participants completed the survey. The SSC was used in 374 of 784 (47.7%) surgeries. Use rates declined over sequential three‐month intervals (P < .0001). Twenty‐six of 41 (63%) respondents overestimated checklist use. Staff attitudes were largely supportive of the SSC, with 29 of 41 respondents suggesting mandatory application. Forgetfulness, hierarchal concerns, timing issues, perceived delays in care, lack of clarity regarding roles, and inadequate training were identified as obstacles to use of the SSC.ConclusionThe SCC tested in this study was used in approximately half of the surgical procedures performed after its implementation. Hospital personnel were supportive of the SSC; forgetting to use the SSC was the most common barrier identified by respondents (24/41 [59%]).Clinical significanceThe SSC implementation experience and user feedback described here should be taken into consideration to improve design and implementation of future SSC.
Test characteristics of history, examination and investigations in the evaluation for septic arthritis in the child presenting with acute non-traumatic limp. A systematic review
Authors: Tu Jacky , Gowdie Peter , Cassar Julian , Craig Simon 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundSeptic arthritis is an uncommon but potentially significant diagnosis to be considered when a child presents to the emergency department (ED) with non-traumatic limp. Our objective was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of clinical findings (history and examination) and investigation results (pathology tests and imaging) for the diagnosis of septic arthritis among children presenting with acute non-traumatic limp to the ED.MethodsSystematic review of the literature published between 1966 and June 2019 on MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Studies were included if they evaluated children presenting with lower limb complaints and evaluated diagnostic performance of items from history, physical examination, laboratory testing or radiological examination. Data were independently extracted by two authors, and quality assessment was performed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool.Results18 studies were identified, and included 2672 children (560 with a final diagnosis of septic arthritis). There was substantial heterogeneity in inclusion criteria, study setting, definitions of specific variables and the gold standard used to confirm septic arthritis. Clinical and investigation findings were reported using varying definitions and cut-offs, and applied to differing study populations. Spectrum bias and poor-to-moderate study design quality limit their applicability to the ED setting.Single studies suggest that the presence of joint tenderness (n=189; positive likelihood ratio 11.4 (95% CI 5.9 to 22.0); negative likelihood ratio 0.2 (95% CI 0.0 to 1.2)) and joint effusion on ultrasound (n=127; positive likelihood ratio 8.4 (95% CI 4.1 to 17.1); negative likelihood ratio 0.2 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.3)) appear to be useful. Two promising clinical risk prediction tools were identified, however, their performance was notably lower when tested in external validation studies.DiscussionDifferentiating children with septic arthritis from non-emergent disorders of non-traumatic limp remains a key diagnostic challenge for emergency physicians. There is a need for prospectively derived and validated ED-based clinical risk prediction tools.
Natural history of glaucomatous optic neuropathy in highly myopic Chinese: study protocol for a registry cohort study
Authors: Song Yunhe , Wang Wei , Lin Fengbin , Chen Shida , Jin Ling , Li Fei , Gao Kai , Cheng Weijing , Xiong Jian , Zhou Rouxi , Chen Meiling , Liang Jiaen , Zhang Jiani , Jonas Jost B , Zhang Xiulan 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionMyopic maculopathy and glaucoma belong to the most common causes of irreversible blindness worldwide and, having an ocular axial elongation as one of their main risk factors, can occur together. The detection of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) in highly myopic eyes is clinically and technically difficult, and there is no information available, neither about the natural course of GON or about the course of GON under intraocular pressure-lowering therapy. We therefore designed this study to explore the natural course of GON in highly myopic eyes.Methods and analysisIn this single-centred longitudinal registry cohort study, 813 highly myopic individuals will be recruited and undergo detailed ophthalmic examinations. High myopia is defined by a myopic refractive error of ≥−6 D or an axial length of ≥26.5 mm. GON is defined by a glaucomatous appearance of the optic nerve head or glaucomatous visual field (VF) defects. GON progression is defined by either change of the optic disc or VF.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the ethical committee of the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center (ZOC), Sun Yat-sen University, China (ID: 2019KYPJ079). All the participants are required to provide informed consents. Results will be disseminated through scientific meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals. The data will be deposited at the clinical research centre in ZOC using electronic data capture system, and a copy of paper files will also be kept. Only members of the project team will have access to these data.Trial registration numberNCT04302220.
Quality indicators for cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction in China: a consensus panel and practice test
Authors: Zheng Xianghui , Zhang Maomao , Zheng Yang , Zhang Yongxiang , Wang Junnan , Zhang Ping , Yang Xuwen , Li Shan , Ding Rongjing , Siqin Gaowa , Hou Xinyu , Chen Liangqi , Zhang Min , Sun Yong , Wu Jian , Yu Bo 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesCardiac rehabilitation (CR) improves outcomes after myocardial infarction (MI), but it is underused in China. The purpose of this study was to develop a set of quality indicators (QIs) to improve clinical practices and to confirm the measurability and performance of the developed QIs for CR in Chinese patients after MI.Design and settingThe QIs were developed by a Chinese expert consensus panel during in-person meetings. The five QIs most in need of improvement were selected using a national questionnaire. Finally, the completion rate and feasibility of the QIs were verified in a group of MI survivors at university hospitals in China.ParticipantsSeventeen professionals participated in the consensus panel, 89 personnel in the field of CR participated in the national questionnaire and 165 MI survivors participated in the practice test.ResultsA review of 17 eligible articles generated 26 potential QIs, among which 17 were selected by the consensus panel after careful evaluation. The 17 QIs were divided into two domains: (1) improving participation and adherence and (2) CR process standardisation. Nationwide telephone and WeChat surveys identified the five QIs most in need of improvement. A multicenter practice test (n=165) revealed that the mean performance value of the proposed QIs was 43.9% (9.9%–86.1%) according to patients with post-MI.ConclusionsThe consensus panel identified a comprehensive set of QIs for CR in patients with post-MI. A nationwide questionnaire survey was used to identify the QIs that need immediate attention to improve the quality of CR. Although practice tests confirmed the measurability of the proposed QIs in clinical practice, the implementation of the QIs needs to be improved.Trial registration numberThis study is part of a study registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03528382).
Guided relaxation-based virtual reality versus distraction-based virtual reality or passive control for postoperative pain management in children and adolescents undergoing Nuss repair of pectus excavatum: protocol for a prospective, randomised, controlled trial (FOREVR Peds trial)
Authors: Olbrecht Vanessa A , Williams Sara E , O’Conor Keith T , Boehmer Chloe O , Marchant Gilbert W , Glynn Susan M , Geisler Kristie J , Ding Lili , Yang Gang , King Christopher D 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionVirtual reality (VR) offers an innovative method to deliver non-pharmacological pain management. Distraction-based VR (VR-D) using immersive games to redirect attention has shown short-term pain reductions in various settings. To create lasting pain reduction, VR-based strategies must go beyond distraction. Guided relaxation-based VR (VR-GR) integrates pain-relieving mind–body based guided relaxation with VR, a novel therapy delivery mechanism. The primary aim of this study is to assess the impact of daily VR-GR, VR-D and 360 video (passive control) on pain intensity. We will also assess the impact of these interventions on pain unpleasantness, anxiety and opioid and benzodiazepine consumption. The secondary aim of this study will assess the impact of psychological factors (anxiety sensitivity and pain catastrophising) on pain following VR.Methods and analysisThis is a single centre, prospective, randomised, clinical trial. Ninety children/adolescents, aged 8–18 years, presenting for Nuss repair of pectus excavatum will be randomised to 1 of 3 study arms (VR-GR, VR-D and 360 video). Patients will use the Starlight Xperience (Google Daydream) VR suite for 10 min. Patients randomised to VR-GR (n=30) will engage in guided relaxation/mindfulness with the Aurora application. Patients randomised to VR-D (n=30) will play 1 of 3 distraction-based games, and those randomised to the 360 video (n=30) will watch the Aurora application without audio instructions or sound. Primary outcome is pain intensity. Secondary outcomes include pain unpleasantness, anxiety and opioid and benzodiazepine consumption.Ethics and disseminationThis study follows Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials guidelines. The protocol was approved by the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center’s institutional review board. Patient recruitment began in July 2020. Written informed consent will be obtained for all participants. All information acquired will be disseminated via scientific meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04351776.
Exploring women’s experiences of identifying, negotiating and managing perinatal anxiety: a qualitative study
Authors: Oh Soo , Chew-Graham Carolyn A , Silverwood Victoria , Shaheen Sirah Aksa , Walsh-House Jacqualyn , Sumathipala Athula , Kingstone Tom 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesAnxiety affects around 15% of women during the perinatal period and can adversely impact both mother and child, with potential implications for long-term health; few studies have examined women’s experiences of perinatal anxiety (PNA). In the context of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence prioritising PNA, this study aimed to explore women’s experiences of the identification and management of PNA and their engagement with healthcare professionals.DesignQualitative study with semi-structured interviews and applying thematic analysis.SettingRecruitment materials were shared widely through maternal support groups, children’s centres, libraries, National Health Service (NHS) providers (primary and secondary care) operating in the West Midlands or North West of England and through social media.ParticipantsSeventeen women (aged 25–42 years) with self-reported anxiety during pregnancy and/or up to 12 months postpartum. Interviews digitally recorded and transcribed with consent.ResultsThree main themes and corresponding sub-themes are described around a central concept of PNA as an individualised experience: barriers to disclosing PNA; help-seeking for PNA and establishing and engaging support networks. Disclosing, help-seeking and accessing systems of support were interconnected and contextualised by individualised experiences of PNA and pervaded by stigma.ConclusionsThis research provides new insights into PNA and calls for awareness to be improved to achieve parity alongside depression and avoid missed opportunities in the provision of care for women and families. Future research should seek to develop novel PNA-specific interventions aimed at prevention, management and/or combatting stigma to support more women to disclose mental health concerns and seek help early.
Development and validation of the Pressure Injury Prevention Barriers questionnaire in hospital nurses in Spain
Authors: Lopez-Franco Maria Dolores , Parra-Anguita Laura , Comino-Sanz Ines Maria , Pancorbo-Hidalgo Pedro L 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo develop and validate a new questionnaire to measure the nurses’ perceptions of the barriers towards the prevention of pressure injuries (PIs) at hospitals.DesignValidation study with mixed methods.SettingFour university hospitals in southern Spain.ParticipantsThe questionnaire was developed based on a literature review. A panel of 14 wound care experts rated the content validity. A sample of 438 nurses (registered nurses and assistant nurses) participated in the survey.Main outcome measuresThe psychometric properties of the Pressure Injury Prevention Barriers (PIPB) questionnaire evaluated were: content validity, internal consistency reliability and construct validity.ResultsThe final version of the questionnaire has 25 items grouped into four factors (management and organisation, motivation and priority, knowledge, and staff and collaboration). The confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit and error indices for the model (Comparative Fit Index=0.92, root mean square error of approximation=0.074). Cronbach’s alpha was 0.90 (overall), and 0.89 (factor 1), 0.75 (factor 2), 0.72 (factor 3) and 0.45 (factor 4). Construct validity was good, demonstrated by the expected association with the scores on patient safety culture and on considering PIs as an adverse effect of hospital stay, but not with attitude score.ConclusionThe PIPB questionnaire is an instrument useful for measuring nurses’ perceptions of the barriers to PIs prevention. The initial evidence shows that the questionnaire has good content validity, internal consistency and adequate construct validity. Relevance and comprehensiveness need to be assessed in further studies. It can be used both in research and in the evaluation of clinical settings to implementation of PIs preventive programmes in hospitals.