bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of rural web in analyzing the economic performance of rural areas in Johor
Authors: Rashid M F , Sulaiman N K , Misnan S H , Samsudin N A , Ngah I 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Planning for sustainable rural development in Malaysia has entered a phase where rural areas are no longer tied merely to food production as an economic activity. The increasing demand for rural amenities, ecosystem services and preservation of cultural landscapes generates the idea of a much diverse option for an alleviation of the local economy. Due to the variation of local actors, resources, and activities, sustainable rural planning requires the understanding of the complex development processes occurring in its territories. The rural web is an analytical framework that can be used to understand the dynamic relationships between different domains of rural development. In this paper, the rural web is used as a tool to comprehensively analyze the economic performance of the village’s development and economic activity of rural areas in Johor. This paper discusses the study areas of six villages from six different rural areas surrounding the state of Johor. The finding shows that KampungParitPuteriMenangis has the highest economic performance while KampungPayaBesar was identified as the lowest economic performance compared to other villages. Market governance was identified as the major domain of the rural web in the twenty economic projects identified in six selected villages for this study.
Measuring the changes of peri-urban areas in Bogor Regency by multivariate analysis
Authors: Kasikoen K M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Bogor Regency borders several cities on the outskirts of Jakarta and Bogor City. This location explains the rapid developments that Bogor is experiencing. Notably, in line with the development of Jakarta and Bogor, people search for alternative locations to live in this regency. As a consequence,the conversion of land from agricultural into residential areas is taking place at an alarming rate. This is an issue the local government must consider. This research determined the changes inperi-urban areas in Bogor Regency by using multivariate analysis. This method was selected because of the availability of a large data set in Bogor Regency, mainly village potential data (PODES). Multivariate analysis can be used in determiningthe changes of peri-urban areas through factor analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and the mapping of peri-urban areas usingvillage potential data from 2011 and 2014. The study used 12out of 34 available variables to identify peri-urban areas in Bogor Regency. From a total of434 villages in Bogor Regency 82 villages were categorized as peri-urban in 2011, whereas by 2014, there were 288 peri-urban villages. Consequently, the number of villages categorized as rural decreased from 332 to125. These results indicatedthat the method is successful inshowing the development of a region. As such,itcan be used for drafting policies for rapidly developing areas.
PMTCT Adherence in Pregnant South African Women: The Role of Depression, Social Support, Stigma, and Structural Barriers to Care
Authors: Psaros Christina , Smit Jennifer A , Mosery Nzwakie , Bennett Kara , Coleman Jessica N , Bangsberg David R , Safren Steven A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Depression is a robust predictor of nonadherence to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, which is essential to prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). Women in resource-limited settings face additional barriers to PMTCT adherence. Although structural barriers may be minimized by social support, depression and stigma may impede access to this support.

Purpose
To better understand modifiable factors that contribute to PMTCT adherence and inform intervention development.

Methods
We tested an ARV adherence model using data from 200 pregnant women enrolled in PMTCT (median age 28), who completed a third-trimester interview. Adherence scores were created using principal components analysis based on four questions assessing 30-day adherence. We used path analysis to assess (i) depression and stigma as predictors of social support and then (ii) the combined associations of depression, stigma, social support, and structural barriers with adherence.

Results
Elevated depressive symptoms were directly associated with significantly lower adherence (est = −8.60, 95% confidence interval [−15.02, −2.18], p &lt; .01). Individuals with increased stigma and depression were significantly less likely to utilize social support (p &lt; .01, for both), and higher social support was associated with increased adherence (est = 7.42, 95% confidence interval [2.29, 12.58], p &lt; .01). Structural barriers, defined by income (p = .55) and time spent traveling to clinic (p = .31), did not predict adherence.

Conclusions
Depression and social support may play an important role in adherence to PMTCT care. Pregnant women living with HIV with elevated depressive symptoms and high levels of stigma may suffer from low social support. In PMTCT programs, maximizing adherence may require effective identification and treatment of depression and stigma, as well as enhancing social support.
Endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactive factors eliminated from serum samples by hydrophobic silica-gel extraction and enzyme immunoassay.
Authors: Skogen W F , Rea M R , Valdes R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Elimination of endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactive factors (DLIF) that interfere with accurate measurement of digoxin requires use of a highly specific anti-digoxin antibody, or that DLIF be separated from digoxin before immunoassay. Several commercial digoxin-assay kits include a step for separating serum proteins and other substances from digoxin before immunoassay. We tested six different immunoassay methods (some having pretreatment steps) for their ability to detect DLIF in serum from patients in renal failure, pregnant women, and neonates, all of whom were not taking digoxin. Extracting digoxin on a column of derivatized silicagel eliminated detectable DLIF from serum as measured by enzyme immunoassay (EMIT; Syva Co.), but recovery of added digoxin was quantitative. In contrast, protein precipitation with 5-sulfosalicylic acid left significant amounts of DLIF in samples, most probably because the procedure (TDx assay; Abbott Labs.) disrupted protein-DLIF binding. A glass-bead radioimmunoassay (Immophase; Corning Medical) had the most digoxin-specific antisera. By preparative silica-gel-chromatography of serum we could eliminate or significantly minimize inaccurate digoxin measurements attributable to endogenous DLIF.
Nationwide estimate of emergency department visits in the United States related to caustic ingestion
Authors: Li Yiting , Langworthy James , Xu Lan , Cai Haifeng , Yang Yingwei , Lu Yuanyuan , Wallach Sara L , Friedenberg Frank K 
Published: March 2020

Summary

Introduction
Caustic ingestion, whether intentional or unintentional, may result in significant morbidity. Our aim was to provide an estimate of the incidence and outcomes of caustic ingestion among emergency department (ED) visits across the United States.

Methods
The Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) is part of the family of databases developed for the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. We analyzed NEDS for the period 2010–2014. Adults (≥18 years of age) with a diagnosis of caustic ingestion were identified by ICD-9 codes. The weighted frequencies and proportions of caustic ingestion-related ED visits by demographic characteristics and disposition status were examined. A weighted multivariable logistic regression model was performed to examine factors associated with inpatient admission for caustic ingestion-related visits.

Results
From 2010 to 2014, there were 40,844 weighted adult ED visits related to caustic ingestion among 533.8 million visits (7.65/100,000, 95% CI 7.58/100,000–7.73/100,000), resulting in over $47 million in annual cost. Among ED visits related to caustic ingestion, 28% had comorbid mental and substance use disorders. Local and systemic complications were rare. There was significant regional, gender, and insurance variability in the decision as to perform endoscopy. Males, insured patients, patients domiciled in the Southeast region of the United States, and patients with mental or substance use disorders had significantly higher percentages of receiving endoscopic procedures. Overall, 6,664 (16.27%) visits resulted in admission to the same hospital and 1,063 (2.60%) visits resulted in transfer to another hospital or facility. The risk factors for admission were increasing in age, male gender, local or systemic complications related to caustic ingestion, and comorbid mental and substance use disorders. A total of 161 (0.39%) patients died related to caustic ingestion.

Conclusion
Our results from NEDS provide national estimates on the incidence of caustic ingestions involving adults seen in US EDs. Further studies are needed to examine the standard management of caustic ingestion and investigate the factors causing variability of esophagogastroduodenoscopy performance and caustic ingestion care.
Graft-versus-host disease: a case report of a rare but reversible cause of constrictive pericarditis
Authors: Pieri Christopher A , Roberts Neil , Gribben John , Manisty Charlotte 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Constrictive pericarditis (CP), although an uncommon cause of heart failure, requires specialist multidisciplinary input and multi-modality imaging to identify the underlying aetiology and treat potentially reversible causes.

Case summary
We report the case of a 74-year-old gentleman referred for assessment of progressive exertional dyspnoea and peripheral oedema, 30 months following treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia with high-dose chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Clinical examination and cardiac imaging revealed a small pericardial effusion and pericardial thickening with constrictive physiology; however, no aetiology was identified despite diagnostic pericardiocentesis. The patient required recurrent hospital admissions for intravenous diuresis, therefore, following multidisciplinary discussions, surgical partial pericardectomy was performed. Histology suggested graft-vs.-host disease (GvHD) and post-operatively, the patient improved clinically. Following immunomodulatory therapy with ruxolitinib for both pericardial and pulmonary GvHD, his functional status improved further with no subsequent hospital admissions.

Discussion
Although pericardial disease in cancer patients is common, CP is unusual. Determining the underlying aetiology is important for subsequent management, and here, we describe the use of multi-modality imaging to diagnose a rare cause, GvHD, which responded to surgical treatment and immunomodulatory therapy.
Fleshing out a massacre: the storming of Shelford House and social forgetting in Restoration England*
Authors: Appleby David J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article investigates the circumstances behind the slaughter of a royalist garrison in Nottinghamshire in November 1645, using the case study as a window into wider issues regarding the relationship between the memorialization of the British civil wars and the fragility of Charles II’s regime in the years following the Restoration. Contemporary sources illustrate how the factors which led to the massacre gave both parliamentarian and royalist leaders impelling motives to wipe the incident from their respective narratives of the conflict.
Global aid and faith actors: the case for an actor-orientated approach to the ‘turn to religion’
Authors: Tomalin Emma 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this article, drawing on the work of the development sociologist Norman Long, I make the case for an actor-oriented approach to understanding the ‘turn to religion’ by global aid actors over the past couple of decades. I ask, is the ‘turn to religion’ evidence of the emergence of post-secular partnerships or are faith actors being instrumentalized to serve neo-liberal development goals? I argue that neither option captures the whole story and advocate that the study of religion and development needs to move beyond a binary between the ‘turn to religion’ as either evidence of post-secular partnerships or of the ‘instrumentalization’ of religion by the secular global aid business, and instead to think about how faith actors themselves encounter and shape development discourses and frameworks, translate them into relevant formats and strategically employ them. Alongside the adoption of an actor-orientated approach, I build on the work of Lewis and Mosse, Olivier de Sardan and Bierschenk to view international faith-based organizations (IFBOs) as development brokers and translators. This approach allows me to articulate the distinctive role that many members of IFBOs report they play as intermediaries who shift register between the secular development language and the faith-inspired language of their local faith partners. I take the engagement of faith actors with the new Sustainable Development Goals framework as a case-study to explore this.
Religious violence, gender and post-secular counterterrorism
Authors: Brown Katherine E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article argues that despite the framing of religion in the discipline and practice of International Relations (IR) as a force for good, or a cause of evil in the world, IR fails to treat religion on its own terms (as sui generis). With a few exceptions, the discipline has pigeonholed religion as a variable of IR, one that can be discussed as one might GDP, HIV, or numbers of nuclear missiles: measurable, with causality and essential properties. IR has also tended to treat religion as equivalent to features of global politics that it already recognizes—as an institution or community or ideology, for example—but in doing so, it misses intrinsic (and arguably unique) elements of religion. Drawing on feminist insights about how gender works in IR, namely that gender is a construct, performative and structural, this article argues a similar case for religion. A reframing of religion is applied to the case of Daesh (so-called Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, ISIS) to show how our understanding of the organization changes when we view religion differently. The implications for counterterrorism policies if religion is viewed as more than a variable are explored in light of recent territorial and military losses for Daesh. The article therefore proposes a post-secular counterterrorism approach.
Unpacking the role of religion in political transnationalism: the case of the Shi'a Iraqi diaspora since 2003
Authors: Kadhum Oula 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article explores the role of religion in political transnationalism using the case of the Shi'a Iraqi diaspora since 2003. The article focuses on three areas that capture important trends in Shi'a transnationalism and their implications for transnational Shi'a identity politics. These include Shi'a diasporic politics, transnational Shi'a civic activism, and the cultural production of Iraqi Shi'a identity through pilgrimages, rituals and new practices. It is argued that understanding Shi'a Islam and identity formation requires adopting a transnational lens. The evolution of Shi'a Islam is not only a result of the dictates of the Shi'a clerical centres, and how they influence Shi'a populations abroad, but also the transnational interrelationships and links to holy shrine cities, Shi'i national and international politics, humanitarianism and commemorations and rituals. The article demonstrates that Shi'a political transnationalism is unexceptional in that it echoes much of the literature on diasporic politics and development where diaspora involve themselves from afar in the politics and societies of their countries of origin. At the same time, it shows the exceptionalism of Shi'a diasporic movements, in that their motivations and mobilizations are contributing to the reification of sectarian geographical and social borders, creating a transnationalism that is defined by largely Shi'a networks, spaces, actors and causes. The case of Shi'a political transnationalism towards Iraq shows that this is increasing the distance between Shi'is and Iraq's other communities, simultaneously fragmenting Iraq's national unity while deepening Shi'a identity and politics both nationally and supra-nationally.
Mapping the field of religious environmental politics
Authors: Kidwell Jeremy 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Until fairly recently, consideration of religion has been marginal or even non-existent in the scholarly discourse about environmental politics. Renewed attention to the intersection of these fields has been encouraged by a recent widening in discussions of ‘environmental values’ to include the role of religious institutions and personal belief in forming spiritual environmental values and renewed attention to the place of ethics and religious institutions in global environmental politics. Following a range of historic declarations by religious leaders, the recent encyclical by Pope Francis signalled a new level of integration between Catholic concerns for social and environmental justice. Yet, much of the continued engagement by large environmental NGOs and governments has continued to ignore the complex interrelation of local, intermediate and transnational religious political ecology. In this article, which is based on data gathered during five years of fieldwork, primarily with British Christian REMOs (religious environmental movement organizations), I probe the complexities of political engagement with religious environmentalism which arise from the many different organizational iterations these groups may take. On the basis of such investigation I suggest that effective high-level engagement with REMO groups will be greatly enhanced by a nuanced understanding of the many different shapes that these groups can take, the various scales at which these groups organize, and the unique inflection that political action and group identity can take in a religious context.
High-mobility Group Box 1 Facilitates CD4 T Cell Self-aggregation Via Integrin and STAT3 Activation Before Homing
Authors: Yu Ying , Ou-Yang Wenxian , Zhang Hui , Jiang Tao , Cho William C , Zhu Huang , Xiao Zhenghui , Li Shuangjie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is one of the delayed pro-inflammatory cytokines produced in the later stages of pathogenesis and plays an important role in the progression of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. High-mobility group box 1 is able to stimulate interaction between integrins and cell adhesion molecules to facilitate cell-cell aggregation in “tissue-specific” endothelium; however, whether and how HMGB1 affects the adhesive capability of early acting immune cells in bloodstream remains largely unknown.MethodsHuman peripheral blood samples were collected from healthy adult donors. The CD4 T cells were isolated from blood using CD4 T cell isolation kit and identified using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. The effect of HMGB1 on adhesive ability of CD4 T cells was accessed by cell self-aggregation assay and endothelial adhesion assay. The migratory ability of CD4 T cells was evaluated by cell migration assay. Secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines or chemokine C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) were detected by ELISA. Expression of integrins β1, β7, and α4β7 were determined by flow cytometric analysis. Inhibition of integrins was achieved with anti-integrin antibodies or cyclic peptide inhibitors. Activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) was measured by flow cytometry and fluorescent staining.ResultsHigh-mobility group box 1 facilitated CD4 T cell self-aggregation with simultaneous reduction of CD4 T single-cell counts in the bloodstream. The CD4 T cell self-aggregation induced by HMGB1 resulted in upregulation of integrins β1, β7, and α4β7; release of other pro-inflammatory cytokines or chemokine CXCL12; and activation of STAT3 signaling. Intriguingly, pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by HMGB1 could further amplify CD4 T cell self-aggregation. HMGB1 induced CD4 T cell apoptosis via activation of caspase-3/7. Furthermore, HMGB1 promoted migration and adhesion of CD4 T cells to endothelial cells.ConclusionsThese results provide proof of concept that HMGB1 promotes CD4 T cell self-aggregation before homing to inflammatory sites and highlight the potential of blocking immune cell self-aggregation in blood as a novel therapeutic approach against the development and progression of HMGB1-related inflammatory diseases.HMGB1 induces CD4 T cell self-aggregation in blood resulting in upregulation of integrins expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines via activation of STAT3 signaling. This study highlights the potential of preventive and therapeutic intervention on immune cell self-aggregation in the bloodstream.
T3 Randomized, Controlled, Within-patient, Single-blinded Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Corticosteroid Injections for the Treatment of Hypertrophic Scar in Adult Burn Survivors
Authors: Nedelec Bernadette , de Oliveira Ana , LaSalle Leo , Correa Jose 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Intralesional corticosteroid injections (CSI) have become one of the cornerstone treatments of hypertrophic scar (HSc). However, the evidence is of limited-quality and published investigations have almost exclusively been performed in linear scars rather than hypertrophic burn scars. Thus, the aim of this study was to perform an appropriately powered, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the impact of CSI on burn HSc compared to patient-matched control (C) scars.

Methods
Fifty burn survivors with 2 independent scars (separated by non-scarred skin preferably on the contralateral side or an anatomically similar site) were selected based on high-frequency ultrasound thickness (&gt;2.034 mm to ensure that the site were outside of the range of normal scar). Baseline thickness measurements of the 2 sites were within 0.5 mm of each other, to ensure homogeneity and an erythema index &gt;300 to establish they were immature HSc. The sites were randomly assigned to treatment (Tx) or C. The Tx HSc received a 10 mg/ml CSI. The CSI was repeated 6 weeks later and a 3rd final injection 6 weeks later if deemed necessary. Objective evaluation of thickness, pliability, erythema and melanin were obtained at the Tx and C sites at baseline, end of Tx and 6 weeks after the last injection. Thirty one participants completed the study, reaching the required number for an adequately powered sample based on pilot study data analyses.

Results
The mean number of injections per site was 2.1(±0.7 SD). An ANCOVA comparing the Tx vs C post-Tx, controlling for baseline and Fitzpatrick skin type, revealed a significant decrease (↓) in thickness and increase (↑) in pliability of the Tx compared to C HSc (p=0.0003), but no significant difference in erythema or melanin. Baseline to post-Tx comparisons using paired t-tests revealed significant ↓ in thickness of both the Tx and C HSc and ↑ in pliability of the Tx HSc during the Tx period, but no significant change in C HSc pliability or erythema. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test revealed a significant ↑ in melanin of both Tx (p&lt; 0.001) and C (p=0.0035) HSc. A regression model for repeated measures, controlling for baseline and skin type, revealed no significant change in thickness, pliability, erythema or melanin during the 6 week follow up.

Conclusions
Although HSc thickness ↓ at both the Tx and C site across time there was a significantly greater reduction at the CSI site and significantly greater ↑ in pliability. Melanin significantly ↑ at both the Tx and C site. There was no significant change during follow up of any of the HSc characteristics.

Applicability of Research to Practice
This well-controlled RCT demonstrated the benefits CSI for burn HSc thickness and pliability and the need for patient-matched C HSc.