bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal fasting plasma glucose and haemoglobin A1c levels for screening of prediabetes and diabetes according to 2‐hour plasma glucose in a high‐risk population: The Korean Diabetes Prevention Study
Authors: Cha Seon‐Ah , Chon Suk , Yun Jae‐Seung , Rhee Sang Youl , Lim Sun‐Young , Yoon Kun‐Ho , Ahn Yu‐Bae , Ko Seung‐Hyun , Woo Jeong‐Taek , Lee Jin‐Hee 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe primary aim of this study was to assess the utility of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c to identify diabetes by the 2‐hour plasma glucose (PG) criterion in the Korean population at high risk for diabetes.MethodsA total of 1646 participants with a body mass index of ≥23 kg/m2 without having a history of diabetes were recruited in this study. The cut‐off values of FPG and HbA1c for detecting diabetes were identified using the Youden index using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The gold standard for diabetes prediction was defined by the 2‐hour PG level of ≥200 mg/dL.ResultsThe participants comprised 54.0% women, and the mean age of all participants was 55.0 ± 8.1 years. At baseline, FPG was 104.1 ± 14.2 mg/dL, the 2‐hour PG value was 162.9 ± 55.3 mg/dL, and HbA1c was 5.9% ± 0.5%. Four hundred and forty‐six subjects (27.1%) were diagnosed with diabetes and 976 subjects (59.3%) were determined to be at prediabetes. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of FPG and HbA1c for diabetes were 0.776 and 0.802, while the AUC of FPG and HbA1c for prediabetes were 0.515 and 0.477. The optimal cut‐off value for diagnosing diabetes of FPG and HbA1c were 104.5 mg/dL (sensitivity 75.8%, specificity 67.5%) and 5.9% (sensitivity 80.6%, specificity 63.8%), respectively.ConclusionsFPG of 104.5 mg/dL and HbA1c value of 5.9% (41 mmol/mol) can be used as an optimal screening value for diabetes by 2‐hour PG criterion in the Korean population at high risk for diabetes.
Generation of B6‐Ddx4em1(CreERT2)Utr, a novel CreERT2 knock‐in line, for germ cell lineage by CRISPR/Cas9
Authors: Le Hoai Thu , Hasegawa Yoshikazu , Daitoku Yoko , Kato Kanako , Miznuo‐Iijima Saori , Dinh Tra Thi Huong , Kuba Yumeno , Osawa Yuki , Mikami Natsuki , Morimoto Kento , Ayabe Shinya , Tanimoto Yoko , Murata Kazuya , Yagami Ken‐ichi , Takahashi Satoru , Mizuno Seiya , Sugiyama Fumihiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGerm cell development is essential for maintaining reproduction in animals. In postpubertal females, oogenesis is a highly complicated event for producing fertilizable oocytes. It starts when dormant primordial oocytes undergo activation to become growing oocytes. In postpubertal males, spermatogenesis is a differentiation process for producing sperm from spermatogonial stem cells. To obtain full understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying germ cell development, the Cre/loxP system has been widely applied for conditional knock‐out mouse studies. In this study, we established a novel knock‐in mouse line, B6‐Ddx4
em1(CreERT2)Utr, which expresses CreERT2 recombinase under the control of the endogenous DEAD‐box helicase 4 (Ddx4) gene promoter. Ddx4 was specifically expressed in both female and male germ cell lineages. We mated the CreERT2 mice with R26GRR mice, expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and tDsRed before and after Cre recombination. We found tDsRed signals in the testes and ovaries of tamoxifen‐treated B6‐Ddx4
em1(CreERT2)Utr::R26GRR mice, but not in untreated mice. Immunostaining of their ovaries clearly showed that Cre recombination occurred in all oocytes at every follicle stage. We also found 100% Cre recombination efficiency in male germ cells via the progeny test. In summary, our results indicate that B6‐Ddx4
em1(CreERT2)Utr is beneficial for studying female and male germ cell development.
Prediction of Chinese energy structure based on Convolutional Neural Network‐Long Short‐Term Memory (CNN‐LSTM)
Authors: Li Yan , He Yaoyu , Zhang Meizhen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith the improvement of environmental protection awareness and transformation of industrial structure, China's energy consumption structure has changed constantly. Although the proportion of coal consumption is gradually decreasing, the consumption has not seen a significant decline; it even increased in 2018. Many researchers have focused on changes in one specific type of energy such as coal or solar. However, the overall energy structure was ignored. In this study, an integrated convolutional neural network (CNN) with Long Short‐term Memory (LSTM) was used to predict the energy structure of China. Historical data were considered as pixels for convolution by layers of the CNN and then encoded by LSTM layers. To verify the effectiveness of the method, CNN‐LSTM was compared with six previous methods using data from 1965 to 2018. The results showed that CNN‐LSTM was superior in predicting energy structure. Finally, the energy structure of China in the next decade was predicted. The prediction results demonstrated that although the share of clean energy consumption will continue to increase, coal consumption will not decline.
An efficient SDN‐based LTE‐WiFi spectrum aggregation system for heterogeneous 5G networks
Authors: Abbas Khizar , Afaq Muhammad , Ahmed Khan Talha , Rafiq Adeel , Iqbal Javed , Ul Islam Ihtesham , Song Wang‐Cheol 
Published: April 2020

SummaryNowadays, the continuously increasing demand for high data traffic and providing different quality of services (QoS) to the customer are very challenging tasks for all network operators. In the last few years, mobile data traffic is increased to a significant extent and half of the traffic is provided through WiFi technology which is known as WiFi offloading. To overcome the increasing traffic demand, WiFi offloading is the best option to reduce the burden of cellular networks. So, by aggregating existing indoor WiFi technology to the cellular network increases the network capacity and provides better QoS to customers. In this article, we propose and implement the LTE‐WiFi aggregation system where eNodeB is responsible for the aggregation of the WiFi access point without modifying the core network. Furthermore, the proposed system is integrated with the mobile‐CORD (M‐CORD) platform which leverages software defined networking (SDN), network function virtualization (NFV), and cloud technologies for providing a 5G environment. M‐CORD platform has three main modules: service orchestrator (XOS), SDN controller ONOS, and OpenStack. One of the important features of M‐CORD is to provide virtualized core network functions that enable the users to automatically customize, monitor, and control the resources of the network. Due to ONOS controller support, we can easily scale up the network instances by giving the configurations to service orchestrator XOS of the M‐CORD. The implementation of the proposed system is based on the OpenAirInterface (OAI) platform which provides open sources implementation of core and access networks. The aggregation of both LTE and WiFi technologies is done at the PDCP layer in a very tight coupling way. Moreover, we test our proposed system with three kinds of policies for UDP and TCP traffic: LTE only, WiFi only, and LTE‐WiFi aggregated. The experimental results show that our proposed LTE‐WiFi aggregated system gives better performance and provides high bandwidth as compared to the LTE network.
Decreased copy‐neutral loss of heterozygosity in African American colorectal cancers
Authors: Augustus Gaius J. , Xicola Rosa M. , Llor Xavier , Ellis Nathan A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite improvements over the past 20 years, African Americans continue to have the highest incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the United States. While previous studies have found that copy number variations (CNVs) occur at similar frequency in African American and White CRCs, copy‐neutral loss of heterozygosity (cnLOH) has not been investigated. In the present study, we used publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) as well as data from an African American CRC cohort, the Chicago Colorectal Cancer Consortium (CCCC), to compare frequencies of CNVs and cnLOH events in CRCs in the two racial groups. Using genotype microarray data, we analyzed large‐scale CNV and cnLOH events from 166 microsatellite stable CRCs—31 and 39 African American CRCs from TCGA and the CCCC, respectively, and 96 White CRCs from TCGA. As reported previously, the frequencies of CNVs were similar between African American and White CRCs; however, there was a significantly lower frequency of cnLOH events in African American CRCs compared to White CRCs, even after adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates. Although larger differences for chromosome 18 were observed, a lower frequency of cnLOH events in African American CRCs was observed for nearly all chromosomes. These results suggest that mechanistic differences, including differences in the frequency of cnLOH, could contribute to clinicopathological disparities between African Americans and Whites. Additionally, we observed a previously uncharacterized phenomenon we refer to as small interstitial cnLOH, in which segments of chromosomes from 1 to 5 Mb long were affected by cnLOH.
The perceptions, barriers and enablers to physical activity and minimising sedentary behaviour among Arab‐Australian adults aged 35‐64 years
Authors: El Masri Aymen , Kolt Gregory S. , George Emma S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIssues addressedThe objective of this study was to explore the perceptions, barriers and enablers to physical activity (PA) and minimising sedentary behaviour among Arab‐Australians, a group who have lower levels of PA and higher rates of certain chronic diseases when compared with the general Australian population.MethodsA total of 28 Arab‐Australians aged 35‐64 years participated in one of five focus groups conducted in Western Sydney during 2017‐2018, a culturally diverse region in New South Wales, Australia. Focus group duration ranged from 35‐90 minutes with 4‐7 participants in each group. Focus group data were recorded and transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants had a general understanding of PA and the associated health benefits. Fewer participants were aware of the independent health effects associated with prolonged sitting. A lack of time and motivation due to work, familial duties, domestic roles and lack of effort reportedly influenced PA participation. Health was perceived to be both a barrier and an enabler to PA. Barriers related to health included pain and existing conditions and enablers included preventive and reactive measures. Social support and accessibility, such as a lack of support networks, the availability of services and costs were also discussed. Cultural and religious influences, such as traditional gender roles and the importance of gender‐exclusive settings, were also important factors influencing the PA behaviours of participants.ConclusionsThis study highlighted the factors that influence the PA levels and sedentary behaviour of Arab‐Australian adults aged 35‐64 years.So what?The findings of this study could help inform the design and development of culturally tailored PA interventions for Arab‐Australian adults.
Study on oil fouling in a double pipe heat exchanger with mitigation by a surfactant
Authors: Hasan Basim O. , Majdi Hasan Sh , Hathal Mustafa M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFouling of oils on heat exchanger surfaces and pipelines is a common problem in a variety of industrial applications. This is because the oil deposits on the heat transfer surface causes an increase in pressure drop and a decrease in heat exchanger efficiency. In the current work, oil fouling in double pipe heat exchanger was investigated and mitigated using a surface‐active agent for the flow of a dispersion fluid containing different dispersed oil fractions in water. The effect of the dispersed oil fraction (5%vol and 10%vol) and temperature (35°C‐55°C) on the oil fouling rate was studied and discussed under turbulent flow conditions for both hot and cold fluids. Different amounts of alkylbenzene sulfonate as a surfactant were added to reduce the fouling rate under turbulent flow. It was found that the fouling thermal resistance (Rf) increases when the fluid temperature decreases. The higher the dispersed oil fraction, the higher the Rf for all temperatures due to higher oil deposition. Addition of 0.2%vol to 0.5%vol of alkylbenzene sulfonate caused an appreciable reduction in Rf depending on oil fraction and Reynolds number. The mitigation percent was higher for a lower Reynolds number, reaching up to 96%.
Thermal performance enhancement studies using graphite nanofluid for heat transfer applications
Authors: Jyothi Sankar P.R. , Venkatachalapathy S. , Asirvatham Lazarus G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEnhanced boiling heat transfer using nanofluids is highly relevant due to its potential applications in thermal management of systems producing large heat fluxes. However, the sedimentation of nanoparticles limits their application in heat transfer systems. So, the preparation of a stable nanofluid remains a big research challenge. The stability issues arise due to the large difference in the density of nanoparticle and the base fluid. Graphite nanoparticle is selected in this study, as it has 4.5 times lower density than copper and comparable thermal conductivity. An experimental study is conducted to evaluate the suitability of graphite nanofluid in mesh wick heat pipes, which are devices that utilize boiling and condensation principles to transfer high heat fluxes. Thermal transport properties and boiling heat transfer characteristics showed enhancement and the effect of nanofluid on the device level thermal performance is thoroughly assessed. Experimental results are compared with the published literature. A reduction in thermal resistance by 32.5% and an improvement in the heat transfer coefficient by 48.02% in comparison with base fluid clearly indicate the superiority of the graphite nanofluid for heat transfer applications.
Two‐phase natural convection analysis and hybrid nanoparticle migration around micromixer blades
Authors: Hatami Mohammad , Uddin Md. Jashim , Hu Meibing , Jing Dengwei , Javed Maryiam 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, numerical investigations are presented for hybrid nanoparticle migration and free convection heat transfer of two kinds of nanofluids in a micromixer at the fixed propeller condition. The inner blades and outer crust of the micromixer are kept at constant hot and cold temperatures, respectively. Two kinds of hybrid nanofluids, TiO2‐CuO water and ethylene glycol‐(MoS2‐SiO2), are considered. The governing equations including velocity, pressure, temperature formulation, and nanoparticle concentrations are solved by a partial differential equation solver based on the Galerkin finite element method. The results are discussed based on the governing parameters, such as nanoparticle volume fraction, thermal and solutal Rayleigh numbers. The average Nusselt number was found to increase with the increasing nanoparticle volume fractions. Also, increasing the thermal Rayleigh number enhanced heat transfer while the solutal Rayleigh number has an insignificant effect on it. More importantly, increasing the thermal Rayleigh number assisted avoiding the agglomeration of nanoparticles around the blades and ensured more uniform nanoparticle distribution.
A Systems Engineering Approach for Artificial Intelligence: Inspired by the VLSI Revolution of Mead & Conway
Authors: Wade Jon , Buenfil Jorge , Collopy Paul 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTArtificial intelligence is at a tipping point where the technical capabilities it enables are outstripping systems engineers’ ability to employ it in viable systems. This paper reviews the very large scale integration (VLSI) revolution enabled by Mead and Conway in the late 1970's and the lessons learned from this experience. It applies these principles to engineering artificial intelligence (AI) centric systems and formulates approaches to systems engineering and education to successfully meet this critical challenge.
Validation Testing of Autonomous Learning Systems
Authors: Collopy Paul , Sitterle Valerie , Petrillo Jennifer 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTValidating artificial intelligence systems is challenging. Systems continuing to learn new behaviors in the field are particularly difficult, because the designer does not know what the functions need proving. This article reports on a research project using the Toulmin augmentation method to structure validation test plans and validation testing for very difficult systems like field‐learning AI.
Mutational landscape of receptor guanylyl cyclase C: Functional analysis and disease‐related mutations
Authors: Bose Avipsa , Banerjee Sanghita , Visweswariah Sandhya S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGuanylyl cyclase C (GC‐C) is the receptor for the heat‐stable enterotoxin, which causes diarrhea, and the endogenous ligands, guanylin and uroguanylin. GC‐C is predominantly expressed in the intestinal epithelium and regulates fluid and ion secretion in the gut. The receptor has a complex domain organization, and in the absence of structural information, mutational analysis provides clues to mechanisms of regulation of this protein. Here, we review the mutational landscape of this receptor that reveals regulatory features critical for its activity. We also summarize the available information on mutations in GC‐C that have been reported in humans and contribute to severe gastrointestinal abnormalities. Since GC‐C is also expressed in extra‐intestinal tissues, it is likely that mutations thus far reported in humans may also affect other organ systems, warranting a close observation of these patients in future.
Habits of courage: Reconceptualizing risk in social movement organizing
Authors: Oyakawa Michelle , McKenna Elizabeth , Han Hahrie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe examine the types of risk that organizers seeking to build people‐based political power take and describe how organizers cultivate habits of courage in themselves and others to regularly confront these risks. While prior literature emphasizes the degree of risk (high vs. low), we identify and elaborate two qualitatively different types of risk: internal and external. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with 88 movement organizers in six states, we found that organizers operating in different issue domains and geographies all cultivated three practices to confront risk: (a) confronting painful experiences to overcome feelings of powerlessness, (b) mastering their own stories and vulnerabilities as a necessary precondition to recruiting others, and (c) holding themselves and others accountable to public commitments.
Reused poultry litter microbiome with competitive exclusion potential against Salmonella Heidelberg
Authors: Bucher Maite Ghazaleh , Zwirzitz Benjamin , Oladeinde Adelumola , Cook Kimberly , Plymel Caroline , Zock Gregory , Lakin Steven , Aggrey Samuel. E. , Ritz Casey , Looft Torey , Lipp Erin , Agga Getahun E. , Abdo Zaid , Sistani Karamat R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe success of poultry litter reuse in U.S. poultry production can be attributed to the efficient treatment methods used by producers during downtimes (the time lapse between consecutive flocks, during which the broiler house is empty). During this period, reused litter may be decaked, tilled/windrowed, or treated with acid‐based amendments to reduce ammonia and bacteria levels. Competitive exclusion, pH, and temperature are proposed factors that influence the level of pathogens and the overall litter microbiome during downtimes. We previously reported on the bacterial genetic factors associated with the fitness of two strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg (SH) incubated for 14 d in reused litter. Here, we investigated the physicochemical parameters and the microbiome of the litter correlating with SH abundance during this period. We used 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to determine the litter microbiome and whole genome sequencing to characterize bacteria with competitive exclusion potential against SH. The β diversity of the litter microbiome was significantly affected by the duration of incubation, microcosm, and microcosm plus Heidelberg strain combinations. In addition, β diversity was significantly affected by litter parameters, including NH4, pH, moisture, water activity, and aluminum. The major phyla observed in the reused litter throughout the 14‐d incubation experiment were Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, although their abundance differed by microcosm and time. Amplicon‐specific variants homologous to the members of the genera Nocardiopsis and Lentibacillus and the family Bacillaceae_2 were found to significantly correlate with the abundance of Salmonella. A consortium of Bacillus subtilis strains isolated from the litter microcosms reduced the growth of SH in vitro.
Appointment reminders to increase uptake of HIV retesting by at‐risk individuals: a randomized controlled study in Thailand
Authors: Salvadori Nicolas , Adam Pierrick , Mary Jean‐Yves , Decker Luc , Sabin Lucie , Chevret Sylvie , Arunothong Surachet , Khamduang Woottichai , Luangsook Prapan , Suksa‐ardphasu Visitsak , Achalapong Jullapong , Rouzioux Christine , Sirirungsi Wasna , Ngo‐Giang‐Huong Nicole , Jourdain Gonzague 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionFrequent HIV testing of at‐risk individuals is crucial to detect and treat infections early and prevent transmissions. We assessed the effect of reminders on HIV retesting uptake.MethodsThe study was conducted within a programme involving four facilities providing free‐of‐charge HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B and C testing and counselling in northern Thailand. Individuals found HIV negative and identified at risk by counsellors were invited to participate in a three‐arm, open‐label, randomized, controlled trial comparing: (a) “No Appointment & No Reminder” (control arm); (b) “No Appointment but Reminder”: short message service (SMS) sent 24 weeks after the enrolment visit to remind booking an appointment, and sent again one week later if no appointment was booked; and (c) “Appointment & Reminder”: appointment scheduled during the enrolment visit and SMS sent one week before appointment to ask for confirmation; if no response: single call made within one business day. The primary endpoint was a HIV retest within seven months after the enrolment visit. The cost of each reminder strategy was calculated as the sum of the following costs in United States dollars (USD): time spent by participants, counsellors and hotline staff; phone calls made; and SMS sent. The target sample size was 217 participants per arm (651 overall).ResultsBetween April and November 2017, 651 participants were randomized. The proportion presenting for HIV retesting within seven months was 11.2% (24/215) in the control arm, versus 19.3% (42/218) in “No Appointment but Reminder” (p = 0.023) and 36.7% (80/218) in “Appointment & Reminder” (p < 0.001). Differences in proportions compared to the control arm were respectively +8.1% (95% CI: +1.4% to +14.8%) and +25.5% (+17.9% to +33.2%). The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios of “No Appointment but Reminder” and “Appointment & Reminder” compared to the control arm were respectively USD 0.05 and USD 0.14 per participant for each 5% increase in HIV retesting uptake within seven months.ConclusionsScheduling an appointment and sending a reminder one week before was a simple, easy‐to‐implement and affordable intervention that significantly increased HIV retesting uptake in these at‐risk individuals. The personal phone call to clients probably contributed, and also improved service efficiency.