bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Too-Future Eschatology? The Limits of the Phenomenology of Liturgy in Jean-Yves Lacoste
Authors: Černý Jan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The article first outlines Jean-Yves Lacoste’s phenomenological description of “liturgy”, i.e. the encounter between God and the human being. It argues that Lacoste’s rejection of the religious apriori on the side of the human being and emphasis on God’s transcendence and otherness leads to decontextualization of the experience of Christian faith, as his strongly future eschatology does not allow for the real transformation of both the individual and social lives of believers. In the second step, the article gives two counterexamples to Lacoste’s attitude that represent an attempt to recontextualize the experience of Christian faith within concrete historical and cultural coordinates. The examples come from the work of American theologian William Cavanaugh and Czech philosopher Robert Kalivoda, whose focus lies in the hermeneutics of a sacramental experience and the question of the history-making of Christian faith. Cavanaugh recontextualizes the understanding of the sacramental experience in terms of globalization. Kalivoda interprets the transformation of Christian eschatological ideas into a program of real social changes with special attention devoted to the Hussite revolution of the 15th century and the Hussite conception of the Lord’s Supper. The article concludes that Kalivoda’s emphasis on present eschatology stands in opposition to Lacoste’s emphasis on future eschatology, whereas Cavanaugh holds a middle position with balanced emphasis on both poles of Christian eschatology.
Chitosan surface modified PLGA nanoparticles loaded with brigatinib for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Mohammed Muqtader , Alnafisah Mansour S. , Anwer Md. Khalid , Fatima Farhat , Almutairy Bjad K. , Alshahrani Saad M. , Alshetaili Abdullah S. , Alalaiwe Ahmed , Fayed Mohamed H. , Alanazi Ahmad Z. , Al Zahrani Mohammed , Hailat Mohammad M. , Al-Shdefat Ramadan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the current study, surface-modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) of brigatinib (BRB) were prepared by studying the variables PLGA (polymer), PVA (stabilizer) and chitosan (coater) against experimentally obtained responses. The optimized NPs (F2) were evaluated in vitro for differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and drug entrapment (EE), in vitro release, hematocompatibility and in vitro anticancer studies. The optimized NPs’ (F2) composition, PLGA (75 mg), PVA (0.55% w/v), chitosan (0.75% w/v) and 30 mg of BRB was found to be optimum with particle size (406.3 ± 5.1 nm), PDI (0.277), ζ potential (30.4 ± 3.3 mV) and %EE (82.32%). The in vitro release profile showed a sustained release pattern of the F2 nanoparticles of BRB. The 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay revealed a significant anticancer activity for F2 NPs against A549 cell lines in comparison to free BRB. The result obtained in this work indicated the immense potential of nanoparticles to effectively deliver the BRB to the cancer site for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
Optics/instrumentation
Authors: de Bettignies Philippe 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Raman spectroscopy has undercome a major development during the last decades, making it more and more popular. One of the reason is that the instrumentation has become more accessible, by making the Raman microscopes much more affordable, reliable and user-friendly. Although the fundamental design has not really changed since the origins, it is important to know what the different components are made of and what is their purpose. Is that sense this chapter about the Optics of the Raman microscope will help to understand how the instrument works and what are the specifications and the useful characteristics.
The Europe of Scary Metaphors: The Voices of the British Right-Wing Press
Authors: Islentyeva Anna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The United Kingdom’s (UK) relationship with the European Union (EU) and the ongoing Brexit negotiations have become the primary focus of both media and public attention. The decision to leave the EU marks not only a crucial point in the UK’s history, it also indicates the current political developments in both Britain and Europe. Brexit can be seen as a manifestation of right-wing populism. In the context of the EU membership referendum, it is particularly revealing to trace the linguistic representation of Europe in the national British press. The present corpus-based analysis focuses on metaphorical patterns and related discursive strategies employed in the construction of the idea of Europe in The Daily Telegraph, The Daily Mail and The Sun in the years 2016–2018. The analysis aims to identify the linguistic mechanisms that ensure the adaptability of the right-wing ideology promoted by these newspapers in the changing social and political environment of contemporary Britain. Methodologically, the research applies a mixed approach involving discourse analysis and corpus linguistics with a focus on the metaphorical patterns employed in the construction of the idea of Europe. The analysis reveals a wide range of metaphors applied in reference to Europe, with EUROPE AS A CONTAINER, EUROPE AS A UNION and EUROPE AS A HUMAN occurring most frequently and DEATH OF EUROPE, EUROPE AS SUICIDAL and RELATIONSHIP WITH EUROPE AS A (BROKEN) MARRIAGE as the most creative as well as the most negative.
Delivering a Brexit Deal to the British People: Theresa May as a Reluctant Populist
Authors: Stefanowitsch Anatol 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
There is widespread agreement that the so-called ‘Brexit’ – the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union – is a fundamentally populist project. However, the language of the public face of this project, Prime Minister Theresa May, has not, so far, been studied with respect to populist speech patterns. This paper presents a series of quantitative case studies aimed at closing this research gap. The first study attempts to identify evidence of populist speech patterns by means of a keyword analysis, the second study looks at the phrase the (British) people, the third study at the phrase the will of the people, and the fourth at references to the past and the future. While these are based on a priori hypotheses about populist speech patterns, a fifth case study looks at the verb deliver and the noun deal, which are inductively identified as typical of May’s statements concerning Brexit, and shows how they allow May to construct a populist discourse without taking the role of the populist. All case studies are based on a dedicated corpus of almost 270,000 tokens consisting of speeches and other spoken and written statements by Theresa May.
Populist Elements in the Election Manifestoes of AfD and UKIP
Authors: Kranert Michael 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The term populism is omnipresent in current political science and political discourse. This paper discusses how so-called “populist” discourse is linguistically construed in the 2017 election manifestos of the German Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) and the British United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP). It does so by operationalising populism concepts from political science, specifically the difference between exclusive and inclusive populism. In order to investigate how “populist” discourses depend on the respective political culture of a discourse community, these categories are employed in a corpus based comparative politico-linguistic analysis. Based on a corpus of German and British election manifestos from 2017, the paper demonstrates that both UKIP and the AfD combine elements of in inclusive populism based on demands of a democratic renewal, and an exclusive populism based on the idea the people as a homogeneous ethnos. The discursive realisation, however, differs because of general historic and political differences such as Britain being a state of four nations and the AfD aiming to avoid a rhetoric known from Germany’s past. Particularly pronounced are differences in the delineation to the enemy “European Union” as both parties link their euro-sceptical discourse to different central signifiers of the German and British political culture.
Sphingosine Kinase 2 Potentiates Amyloid Deposition but Protects against Hippocampal Volume Loss and Demyelination in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Lei Mona , Teo Jonathan D. , Song Huitong , McEwen Holly P. , Yup Lee Jun , Couttas Timothy A. , Duncan Thomas , Chesworth Rose , Bertz Josefine , Przybyla Magdalena , Van Eersel Janet , Heng Benjamin , Guillemin Gilles J. , Ittner Lars M. , Fath Thomas , Garner Brett , Ittner Arne , Karl Tim , Don Anthony S. 
Published: October 2019

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent vasculoprotective and neuroprotective signaling lipid, synthesized primarily by sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2) in the brain. We have reported pronounced loss of S1P and SK2 activity early in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, and an inverse correlation between hippocampal S1P levels and age in females, leading us to speculate that loss of S1P is a sensitizing influence for AD. Paradoxically, SK2 was reported to mediate amyloid β (Aβ) formation from amyloid precursor protein (APP)in vitro. To determine whether loss of S1P sensitizes to Aβ-mediated neurodegeneration, we investigated whether SK2 deficiency worsens pathology and memory in male J20 (PDGFB-APPSwInd) mice. SK2 deficiency greatly reduced Aβ content in J20 mice, associated with significant improvements in epileptiform activity and cross-frequency coupling measured by hippocampal electroencephalography. However, several key measures of APPSwInd-dependent neurodegeneration were enhanced on the SK2-null background, despite reduced Aβ burden. These included hippocampal volume loss, oligodendrocyte attrition and myelin loss, and impaired performance in Y-maze and social novelty memory tests. Inhibition of the endosomal cholesterol exporter NPC1 greatly reduced sphingosine phosphorylation in glial cells, linking loss of SK2 activity and S1P in AD to perturbed endosomal lipid metabolism. Our findings establish SK2 as an important endogenous regulator of both APP processing to Aβ, and oligodendrocyte survival,in vivo. These results urge greater consideration of the roles played by oligodendrocyte dysfunction and altered membrane lipid metabolic flux as drivers of neurodegeneration in AD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGenetic, neuropathological, and functional studies implicate both Aβ and altered lipid metabolism and/or signaling as key pathogenic drivers of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we first demonstrate that the enzyme SK2, which generates the signaling lipid S1P, is required for Aβ formation from APPin vivo. Second, we establish a new role for SK2 in the protection of oligodendrocytes and myelin. Loss of SK2 sensitizes to Aβ-mediated neurodegeneration by attenuating oligodendrocyte survival and promoting hippocampal atrophy, despite reduced Aβ burden. Our findings support a model in which Aβ-independent sensitizing influences such as loss of neuroprotective S1P are more important drivers of neurodegeneration than gross Aβ concentration or plaque density.
Altered Recruitment of Motor Cortex Neuronal Activity During the Grasping Phase of Skilled Reaching in a Chronic Rat Model of Unilateral Parkinsonism
Authors: Hyland Brian I. , Seeger-Armbruster Sonja , Smither Roseanna A. , Parr-Brownlie Louise C. 
Published: October 2019

Parkinson's disease causes prominent difficulties in the generation and execution of voluntary limb movements, including regulation of distal muscles and coordination of proximal and distal movement components to achieve accurate grasping. Difficulties with manual dexterity have a major impact on activities of daily living. We used extracellular single neuron recordings to investigate the neural underpinnings of parkinsonian movement deficits in the motor cortex of chronic unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion male rats performing a skilled reach-to-grasp task the. Both normal movements and parkinsonian deficits in this task have striking homology to human performance. In lesioned animals there were several differences in the activity of cortical neurons during reaches by the affected limb compared with control rats. These included an increase in proportions of neurons showing rate decreases, along with increased amplitude of their average rate-decrease response at specific times during the reach, suggesting a shift in the balance of net excitation and inhibition of cortical neurons; a significant increase in the duration of rate-increase responses, which could result from reduced coupling of cortical activity to specific movement components; and changes in the timing and incidence of neurons with pure rate-increase or biphasic responses, particularly at the end of reach when grasping would normally be occurring. The changes in cortical activity may account for the deficits that occur in skilled distal motor control following dopamine depletion, and highlight the need for treatment strategies targeted toward modulating cortical mechanisms for fine distal motor control in patients.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe show for the first time in a chronic lesion rat model of Parkinson's disease movement deficits that there are specific changes in motor cortex neuron activity associated with the grasping phase of a skilled motor task. Such changes provide a possible mechanism underpinning the problems with manual dexterity seen in Parkinson's patients and highlight the need for treatment strategies targeted toward distal motor control.
Differential Song Deficits after Lentivirus-Mediated Knockdown of FoxP1, FoxP2, or FoxP4 in Area X of Juvenile Zebra Finches
Authors: Norton Philipp , Barschke Peggy , Scharff Constance , Mendoza Ezequiel 
Published: October 2019

Mutations in the transcription factors FOXP1 and FOXP2 are associated with speech impairments. FOXP1 is additionally linked to cognitive deficits, as is FOXP4. These FoxP proteins are highly conserved in vertebrates and expressed in comparable brain regions, including the striatum. In male zebra finches, experimental manipulation of FoxP2 in Area X, a striatal song nucleus essential for vocal production learning, affects song development, adult song production, dendritic spine density, and dopamine-regulated synaptic transmission of striatal neurons. We previously showed that, in the majority of Area X neurons FoxP1, FoxP2, and FoxP4 are coexpressed, can dimerize and multimerize with each other and differentially regulate the expression of target genes. These findings raise the possibility that FoxP1, FoxP2, and FoxP4 (FoxP1/2/4) affect neural function differently and in turn vocal learning. To address this directly, we downregulated FoxP1 or FoxP4 in Area X of juvenile zebra finches and compared the resulting song phenotypes with the previously described inaccurate and incomplete song learning afterFoxP2knockdown. We found that experimental downregulation ofFoxP1andFoxP4led to impaired song learning with partly similar features as those reported forFoxP2knockdowns. However, there were also specific differences between the groups, leading us to suggest that specific features of the song are differentially impacted by developmental manipulations ofFoxP1/2/4expression in Area X.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe compared the effects of experimentally reduced expression of the transcription factors FoxP1, FoxP2, and FoxP4 in a striatal song nucleus, Area X, on vocal production learning in juvenile male zebra finches. We show, for the first time, that these temporally and spatially precise manipulations of the three FoxPs affect spectral and temporal song features differentially. This is important because it raises the possibility that the different FoxPs control different aspects of vocal learning through combinatorial gene expression or by acting in different microcircuits within Area X. These results are consistent with the deleterious effects of humanFOXP1andFOXP2mutations on speech and language and addFOXP4as a possible candidate gene for vocal disorders.
ApoE4 Alters ABCA1 Membrane Trafficking in Astrocytes
Authors: Rawat Varun , Wang Shaowei , Sima Jian , Bar Roni , Liraz Ori , Gundimeda Usha , Parekh Trusha , Chan Jamie , Johansson Jan O. , Tang Chongren , Chui Helena C. , Harrington Michael G. , Michaelson Daniel M. , Yassine Hussein N. 
Published: October 2019

TheAPOEε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). ApoE protein aggregation plays a central role in AD pathology, including the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ). Lipid-poor ApoE4 protein is prone to aggregate and lipidating ApoE4 protects it from aggregation. The mechanisms regulating ApoE4 aggregationin vivoare surprisingly not known. ApoE lipidation is controlled by the activity of the ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA1). ABCA1 recycling and degradation is regulated by ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6). We found that ApoE4 promoted greater expression of ARF6 compared with ApoE3, trapping ABCA1 in late-endosomes and impairing its recycling to the cell membrane. This was associated with lower ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux activity, a greater percentage of lipid-free ApoE particles, and lower Aβ degradation capacity. Human CSF fromAPOEε4/ε4 carriers showed a lower ability to induce ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux activity and greater percentage of aggregated ApoE protein compared with CSF fromAPOEε3/ε3 carriers. Enhancing ABCA1 activity rescued impaired Aβ degradation in ApoE4-treated cells and reduced both ApoE and ABCA1 aggregation in the hippocampus of male ApoE4-targeted replacement mice. Together, our data demonstrate that aggregated and lipid-poor ApoE4 increases ABCA1 aggregation and decreases ABCA1 cell membrane recycling. Enhancing ABCA1 activity to reduce ApoE and ABCA1 aggregation is a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention of ApoE4 aggregation-driven pathology.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTApoE protein plays a key role in the formation of amyloid plaques, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). ApoE4 is more aggregated and hypolipidated compared with ApoE3, but whether enhancing ApoE lipidationin vivocan reverse ApoE aggregation is not known. ApoE lipidation is controlled by the activity of the ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA1). In this study, we demonstrated that the greater propensity of lipid-poor ApoE4 to aggregate decreased ABCA1 membrane recycling and its ability to lipidate ApoE. Importantly, enhancing ABCA1 activity to lipidate ApoE reduced ApoE and ABCA1 aggregation. This work provides critical insights into the interactions among ABCA1, ApoE lipidation and aggregation, and underscores the promise of stabilizing ABCA1 activity to prevent ApoE-driven aggregation pathology.
Programmed Cell Death inNeurospora crassaIs Controlled by the Allorecognition Determinantrcd-1
Authors: Daskalov Asen , Gladieux Pierre , Heller Jens , Glass N Louise 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProgrammed cell death preventing heterokaryon formation in fungi has been proposed to represent a defense mechanism against conspecific genome exploitation and mycoviruses. Here, Daskalov et al. identified a novel genetic determinant of allorecognition...Nonself recognition following cell fusion between genetically distinct individuals of the same species in filamentous fungi often results in a programmed cell death (PCD) reaction, where the heterokaryotic fusion cell is compartmentalized and rapidly killed. The allorecognition process plays a key role as a defense mechanism that restricts genome exploitation, resource plundering, and the spread of deleterious senescence plasmids and mycoviruses. Although a number of incompatibility systems have been described that function in mature hyphae, less is known about the PCD pathways in asexual spores, which represent the main infectious unit in various human and plant fungal pathogens. Here, we report the identification of regulator of cell death-1 (rcd-1), a novel allorecognition gene, controlling PCD in germinating asexual spores of Neurospora crassa; rcd-1 is one of the most polymorphic genes in the genomes of wild N. crassa isolates. The coexpression of two antagonistic rcd-1-1 and rcd-1-2 alleles was necessary and sufficient to trigger cell death in fused germlings and in hyphae. Based on analysis of wild populations of N. crassa and N. discreta, rcd-1 alleles appeared to be under balancing selection and associated with trans-species polymorphisms. We shed light on genomic rearrangements that could have led to the emergence of the incompatibility system in Neurospora and show that rcd-1 belongs to a much larger gene family in fungi. Overall, our work contributes toward a better understanding of allorecognition and PCD in an underexplored developmental stage of filamentous fungi.
Landfill construction in Russian federation: a study for location and financial design
Authors: Belova Maria A. , Churkina Irina O. 
Published: October 2019

The represented paper describes an original scenario for the landfill construction including the process of decision making upon its location and economic aspects. The landfill should become a solution for the number of environmental problems as it will result: • land remediation; • the cut up in amount of illegal dump areas in the region; • in the future-creation of a waste sorting plant on the recultivated land; • other improvements. In the paper the process of decision making upon the location includes three stages and is based on expert analysis of the alternatives using six main criteria. The stages are the following: collection and organizing of the data; development of recommendations; the decision upon the location itself and its fulfillment. The mathematic model is worked out for all the stages which makes it to a certain extend an universal solution. The study of the economic aspects of the landfill construction is also provided in the paper. It includes analysis of the investment's effectiveness based on certain indexes such as: • financial effectiveness; • state budget effectiveness; • social effectiveness; • environmental effectiveness; • other. In this part again the original formulas are used for calculation and providing the data for decision making upon the investment needed.