bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary divergence of photoprotection in the green algal lineage: a plant‐like violaxanthin de‐epoxidase enzyme activates the xanthophyll cycle in the green alga Chlorella vulgaris modulating photoprotection
Authors: Girolomoni Laura , Bellamoli Francesco , de la Cruz Valbuena Gabriel , Perozeni Federico , D'Andrea Cosimo , Cerullo Giulio , Cazzaniga Stefano , Ballottari Matteo 
Published: May 2020

Summary

The xanthophyll cycle is the metabolic process by which the carotenoid violaxanthin is de‐epoxidated to zeaxanthin, a xanthophyll with a crucial photoprotective role in higher plants and mosses. The role of zeaxanthin is still unclear in green algae, and a peculiar violaxanthin de‐epoxidating enzyme was found in the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Here, we investigated the molecular details and functions of the xanthophyll cycle in the case of Chlorella vulgaris, one of the green algae most considered for industrial cultivation, where resistance to high light stress is a prerequisite for sustainable biomass production.

Identification of the violaxanthin de‐epoxidase enzyme in C. vulgaris was performed by genome mining and in vitro analysis of the catalytic activity of the gene product identified. The photoprotective role of zeaxanthin was then investigated in vivo and in isolated pigment‐binding complexes.

The results obtained demonstrate the functioning, even though with a different pH sensitivity, of a plant‐like violaxanthin de‐epoxidase enzyme in C. vulgaris. Differently from C. reinhardtii, zeaxanthin accumulation in C. vulgaris was found to be crucial for photoprotective quenching of excitation energy harvested by both photosystem I and II.

These findings demonstrate an evolutionary divergence of photoprotective mechanisms among Chlorophyta.
Changes in South American hydroclimate under projected Amazonian deforestation
Authors: Eiras‐Barca Jorge , Dominguez Francina , Yang Zhao , Chug Divyansh , Nieto Raquel , Gimeno Luis , Miguez‐Macho Gonzalo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractContinued deforestation in the Amazon forest can alter the subsurface/surface and atmospheric branches of the hydrologic cycle. The sign and magnitude of these changes depend on the complex interactions between the water, energy, and momentum budgets. To understand these changes, we use the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model with improved representation of groundwater dynamics and the added feature of Amazonian moisture tracers. The control simulation uses moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) based observations of land use, and the deforestation simulations use a “business‐as‐usual” scenario projected for 2040–2050. Our results show that deforestation leads to changes that are seasonally very different. During the dry season, deforestation results in increased albedo and less available net radiation. This change, together with reduced leaf area, results in decreased evapotranspiration (ET), less atmospheric moisture of Amazonian origin, and an increase in temperature. However, we find no changes in precipitation over the basin. Conversely, during the wet season, surface winds increase significantly due to decreased surface roughness. Vapor transport increases throughout the deforested region and leads to an increase in easterly moisture export, and significant decrease in precipitation within the deforested regions of Eastern Amazon. Contrary to expectations, the moisture tracers in WRF show no evidence that precipitation decreases are due to recycling or changes in stability.
Flow irregularities from syringe infusion pumps caused by syringe stiction
Authors: Peduzzi Neris , Batliner Martin , Grass Beate , Buehler Philipp K. , Schmid Daners Marianne , Meboldt Mirko , Weiss Markus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe current study aimed to evaluate the extent of the slide‐stick phenomenon in differently designed infusion syringes at various infusion rates and filling positions.MethodsFluid delivery from three 50‐mL infusion syringe brands (BD; Codan; Fresenius) was investigated using a flow sensor at flow rates of 0.5, 1.0, or 5.0 mL h−1, with the syringes filled with either 10, 30, or 50 mL of distilled water. Two identical models (A/B) of the same infusion pump model were used. The effect of flow rate variations on the plasma concentration of a continuous epinephrine infusion in a 3 kg neonate receiving a continuous infusion of 0.1 μg kg min−1 epinephrine was studied using a pharmacokinetic simulation model.ResultsConsiderable variations in calculated plasma epinephrine concentration were detected between flow rates of 5 and 0.5 or 1 mL h−1 for all syringe types and filling volumes. The median deviation of plasma concentration for the 5 mL h−1 flow rate varied depending on assembly from 1.3% (Codan) to 1.8% (Fresenius). This was more pronounced for lower flow rates, where at 1 mL h−1 the deviation varied from 3.3% (BD) to 4.8% (Fresenius) and at 0.5 mL h−1from 4.9% (BD) to 5.4% (Fresenius). Differences between filling volumes (within syringe type and flow rate) did not appear to have relevant influence on variations in calculated plasma epinephrine concentration.ConclusionInfusion set rate rather than syringe brand or filling volume was a major predictor for syringe stiction‐related amount of variation in the calculated plasma epinephrine concentration.
Property without Prosperity: Subjective Valuation, Financial Citizenship, and Negotiating Moral Personhood among Manufactured Homeowners
Authors: Formanack Allison 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough an estimated twenty‐two million Americans occupy manufactured homes (MHs), less than one‐quarter of MH owners title their homes as real estate. Instead, most title their homes as personal property, which offers fewer legal protections against sudden eviction or unit repossession. Drawing from five years of anthropological research conducted within urban MH Communities (MHCs) in Lincoln (Nebraska) and Boulder (Colorado), this article details the many complicating factors MH owners in land‐lease MHCs consider before deciding to occupy depreciating assets titled as “chattel.” MH owners in Lincoln, for example, tend to emphasize the cost‐saving features of their manufactured homes, in particular the lower tax rate and maintenance costs. By contrast, Boulder MH owners typically describe their homes as investments, and resist efforts to restrict or limit (mobile) home sales even when located in land‐lease MHCs. Together, these case studies illustrate differing perspectives, motivations, and sociolegal contexts in which MHC owners claim respectability as well as citizens’ rights through “landless” homeownership.
Pecking order and core‐periphery in international trade
Authors: Magerman Glenn , De Bruyne Karolien , Van Hove Jan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper analyzes the impact of market size and trade costs on bilateral trade flows. A multi‐country trade model with firm‐level heterogeneity in productivities and countries’ market potential provides a simple micro foundation for the link between these variables. In the model, market size and trade costs jointly determine a country‐specific pecking order of exporters serving their destination countries. In a counterfactual setting where bilateral trade costs are homogeneous across country pairs, market size predicts a common ranking of exporters among destination countries. This leads to a unique core‐periphery structure of the world trade network. With heterogeneous trade costs, we illustrate the impact of market size and trade costs on bilateral trade flows and its margins in a simple gravity‐like setting. Using an instrumental variables approach, we find that both market size and trade costs (measured through the network position of countries) have a significant impact on bilateral exports: countries in the core bilaterally trade more with other countries in the core than with peripheral countries, conditional on typical observables.
Happy Lottery Winners and Lottery‐Ticket Bias
Authors: Kim Seonghoon , Oswald Andrew J. 
Published: May 2020

The world spends a remarkable $250 billion a year on lottery tickets. Yet, perplexingly, it has proved difficult for social scientists to show that lottery windfalls actually make people happier. This is the famous and still unresolved paradox due initially to Brickman and colleagues. Here we describe an underlying weakness that has affected the research area, and explain the concept of lottery‐ticket bias (LT bias), which stems from unobservable lottery spending. We then collect new data—in the world’s most intense lottery‐playing nation, Singapore—on the amount that people spend on lottery tickets (n = 5626). We demonstrate that, once we correct for LT bias, a lottery windfall is predictive of a substantial improvement in happiness and well‐being.
Traumatic injury results in prolonged circulation of ultralarge von Willebrand factor and a reduction in ADAMTS13 activity
Authors: Dyer Mitchell R. , Plautz William E. , Ragni Margaret V. , Alexander Wyeth , Haldeman Shannon , Sperry Jason L. , Guyette Francis X. , Zuckerbraun Brian S. , Rollins‐Raval Marian A. , Raval Jay S. , Neal Matthew D. ,   A TACTIC Publication
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUNDIncreases in plasma von Willebrand Factor (VWF) levels, accompanied by decreases in the metalloprotease ADAMTS13, have been demonstrated soon after traumatic injury while downstream effects remain unclear.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA cohort of 37 injured trauma patients from a randomized control trial investigating the use of prehospital plasma transfusion were analyzed for activity and antigen levels of ADAMTS13 and VWF at 0 and 24 hours after admission. Relevant clinical data were abstracted from the medical records. Trauma patient plasma was analyzed via agarose gel electrophoresis to evaluate the effects of injury on VWF multimer composition compared to healthy controls.RESULTSvon Willebrand factor levels were elevated at presentation (189% [110%‐263%] vs. 95% [74%‐120%]), persisting through 24 hours (213% [146%‐257%] vs. 132% [57%‐160%]), compared to healthy controls. Ultralarge VWF (UL‐VWF) forms were elevated in trauma patients at both 0 and 24 hours, when compared to pooled normal plasma (10.0% [8.9%‐14.3%] and 11.3% [9.1%‐21.2%], respectively, vs. 0.6%). Circulating plasma ADAMTS13 activity was decreased at 0 hours (66% [47%‐86%] vs. 100% [98%‐100%]) and at 24 hours (72.5% [56%‐87.3%] vs. 103% [103%‐103%]) in trauma patients. ADAMTS13 activity independently predicted the development of coagulopathy and correlated with international normalized ratio, thromboelastography values, injury severity, and blood product transfusion.CONCLUSIONTraumatic injury is associated with acute coagulopathy that is characterized by increased UL‐VWF multimers and reduction in ADAMTS13, which correlates with blood loss, transfusion requirement, and injury severity. These findings suggest the potential for future trials targeting ADAMTS13 repletion to enhance clearance of VWF multimers.
Development of a novel fracture fragment stabilization system for minimally invasive osteosynthesis and in vitro comparison to traditional Kern bone reduction forceps
Authors: von Pfeil Dirsko J. F. , Horstman Christopher 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and evaluate a novel fracture fragment stabilization system, the Sirius minimally invasive bone reduction handle system (SMH), in an artificial fracture model (FxM) simulating a canine femoral fracture repair with a minimally invasive orthopedic approach.Study designIn vitro experimental study.Sample populationSynthetic fractured femurs with soft‐tissue coverage analog (n = 8).MethodsThe developed SMH consisted of modified Kern forceps connected with existing external skeletal fixation components. Intramedullary Steinman pin placement with the SMH or traditional Kern forceps only (KO) was performed by 16 participants in randomized order. Demographics and surgical experience of participants and outcome variables (fragment movement, early/final gap formation, time of procedure, assessed practicability by visual analog scale) were recorded and statistically evaluated.ResultsThe SMH was more difficult and took longer to assemble (P = .031 and P = .008); SMH resulted in a smaller final reduction gap (P = .008). More surgical experience resulted in faster surgery times (R2 = 0.766) but was not correlated with final fracture gap formation.ConclusionThe SMH was associated with reduced fragment gap formation in this simulated setting.Clinical significanceThe SMH may be helpful for maintaining reduction of femoral fractures in dogs. Additional studies of the SMH should be conducted to fully assess the effectiveness and practicality in clinical cases.
English in MENA: A contemporary research bibliography
Authors: Elyas Tariq , Mahboob Ahmar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe bibliography presented here aims to provide guide to research on the Englishes of the MENA region. It covers a range of studies published in original journal articles, books, and other research publications between 2010 and 2020 (10 years), with a focus on major works published internationally. This list complements the work of Mahboob (2013), and of Hillman, Selvi and Yazan (2020) in this special issue. Our hope is that this bibliography will provide an up‐to‐date and useful guide to current research on Englishes in the MENA region.
Activation Energy and Thermal Radiation Aspects in Bioconvection Flow of Rate-Type Nanoparticles Configured by a Stretching/Shrinking Disk
Authors: Zhang Tianping , Khan Sami Ullah , Imran Muhammad , Tlili Iskander , Waqas Hassan , Ali Nasir 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Recent trends in advanced nanotechnology developed thermal consequences of nanoparticles due to increasing significance in various engineering and thermal extrusion systems. The current continuation analyzes the axisymmetric stagnation point flow of magnetized rate-type nanoparticles configured by a porous stretching/shrinking rotating disk in the presence of motile microorganisms. A famous rate-type polymeric liquid namely Maxwell fluid has been used to examine the rheological consequences. Constitutive expressions based on the Buongiorno nanofluid model are used to examine the thermophoresis and Brownian motion features. With imposing similarity variables proposed by von Karman, the formulated problem is composed into dimensionless form. With the implementation of famous numerical technique bvp4c, the solution of governing flow equations is simulated. Graphical significance for each physical parameter is interpolated with relevant physical aspects. The variation in local Nusselt number, local Sherwood number, and motile density number corresponding to engineering parameters is numerically iterated and expressed in a tabular form. The study revealed that radial direction velocity component decreases by increasing the Deborah number and buoyancy ratio parameter. An enhanced temperature distribution for both stretching and shrinking cases has been noted by increasing the Biot number and thermophoresis parameter. A lower motile microorganisms distributed is noted due to the involvement of motile diffusivity.
A Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation on the Effect of the Angular Velocities of Hot and Cold Turbulator Cylinders on the Heat Transfer Characteristics of Nanofluid Flows Within a Porous Cavity
Authors: Cao Yan , Bai Yu , Du Jiang , Rashidi Saman 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the present study, turbulent flow of a Cu-water nanofluid through a porous cavity is investigated using a numerical method. Two rotating cylinders with different temperatures are placed inside the porous enclosure to generate turbulent structures. Forced and natural convective heat transfer mechanisms are compared for different Cu nanoparticle concentrations. The natural convection within the enclosure is resulted from buoyancy forces as an effect of temperature differences among hot and cold cylindrical turbulators. To investigate the effect of the cavity geometry on the natural convection heat, the simulations are done for various Rayleigh number values. Accordingly, Rayleigh number increment provides higher Nusselt number values. However, in turbulent flow regimes, forced convection may weaken the natural convection. It is proven that for lower Reynolds numbers, the Nusselt number reaches higher values because of buoyant-driven convective heat transfer deterioration. Moreover, the angular velocity directions of both cylinders slightly affect the Nusselt number. Besides, the impact of porosity on the heat transfer rate is studied for different Darcy numbers. It is concluded that, for lower Ra numbers, as Darcy number rises, the average Nusselt number through the cavity is slightly boosted. In addition, it is shown that for cases with high Ra and Re values, Cu nanoparticle addition adversely affects the heat transfer process. At Ra = 1011, as Cu nanoparticle increases from 0 to 0.02 and 0.04, the average Nu decreases up to 17.65% and 27.48%, respectively.
Evaporation Momentum Force and Its Relevance to Boiling Heat Transfer
Authors: Kandlikar Satish G. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
As a liquid evaporates into its vapor, the vapor phase leaves at a higher velocity than the approaching liquid and exerts a net momentum force on the evaporating interface. This force is especially relevant in the contact line region where liquid temperature is higher than the bulk liquid, and local saturation temperature is reduced due to curvature effects. These factors result in an increased evaporative flux resulting in higher evaporation momentum force that can influence the interface motion and bubble trajectory. This force provides a new mechanism for enhancing boiling heat transfer by altering the individual bubble trajectory. In microchannels, it can lead to flow instability. These effects are critically evaluated in this paper and their relevance to bubble growth and heat transfer phenomena during pool and flow boiling is presented. Two nondimensional groups K1 and K2, respectively, representing the ratio of evaporation momentum force to inertia and surface tension forces, have been used in modeling heat transfer and interface motion. Evaporation momentum force has been successfully applied in modeling critical heat flux (CHF) in pool and flow boiling, analyzing instability during flow boiling in microchannels, controlling individual bubble motion, and enhancing CHF and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) during boiling on flat surfaces as well as tubular geometries.
Nonlinear Oscillator-Based Gait Generation for a Novel Aero-Terrestrial Bioinspired Robotic System
Authors: Sánchez-Delgado C. Alberto , Ávila Vilchis Juan Carlos , Vilchis-González Adriana H. , Saldivar Belem 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on the design of a novel aero-terrestrial robotic system based on the morphology of the Hymenoptera order insects and, particularly, on a strategy based on nonlinear oscillators for the coordination of its 12 terrestrial degrees-of-freedom (DoF). The ability of this new aero-terrestrial robot to, successfully, perform the walking process is validated through numerical simulations and tests performed on an experimental platform in which the gait speed was varied from 0.04 to 0.2 m/s. Some of the most important qualities of this robotic system are a relatively simple design with only 2 DoF per leg and a versatile terrestrial locomotion with the ability to vary its speed and direction in real-time with smooth transitions. Furthermore, unlike existent similar systems, the robot is designed to initiate a flight phase in any position without adopting particular postures avoiding undesirable interferences with the walking configuration.
Incefa-Plus Project: Lessons Learned From the Project Data and Impact on Existing Fatigue Assessment Procedures
Authors: Cuvilliez Sam , McLennan Alec , Mottershead Kevin , Mann Jonathan , Bruchhausen Matthias 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This work focuses on the analysis of the data generated during the INCEFA+ project (INcreasing safety in nuclear power plants (NPPs) by Covering gaps in Environmental Fatigue Assessment, a five-year project supported by the European Commission Horizon 2020 program). More specifically, this paper discusses how the outcome of this analysis can be used to evaluate existing fatigue assessment procedures that incorporate environmental effects in a similar way to NUREG/CR-6909. A key difference between these approaches and the NUREG/CR-6909 is the reduction of conservatisms resulting from the joint implementation of the adjustment subfactor related to surface finish effect (as quantified in the design air curve derivation) and a Fen penalization factor for fatigue assessment of a location subjected to a pressurized water reactor (PWR) primary environment. The analysis presented in this paper indicates that the adjustment (sub-) factor on life associated with the effect of surface finish in air (as described in the derivation of the design air curve in NUREG/CR-6909) leads to substantial conservatisms when it is used to predict fatigue lifetimes in PWR environments for rough specimens. The corresponding margins can be explicitly quantified against the design air curve used for environmentally assisted fatigue (EAF) assessment, but may also depend on the environmental correction Fen factor expression that is used to take environmental effects into account.
Feasibility of Injury Reporting Via Text Messaging in Club Sport Settings: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chimera Nicole J. , Lininger Monica R. , Hudson Bethany , Kendall Christopher , Plucknette Lindsay , Szalkowski Timothy , Warren Meghan 
Published: May 2020

A novel technique of short message service (SMS), or text message, has examined injuries in elite handball and female football and community Australian football with a response rate of over 75%. The purpose of this study was to determine if text message is a feasible method of prospectively collecting injury density data in club sports teams in the United States. Participants received a weekly text message with four questions asking about pain and participation in the past week. If the participant indicated pain in the past week, a follow-up phone interview was conducted to determine the nature of the pain/injury. The overall text message response rate was 89.8%; there were 281 responses out of 313 participant contacts over the 12-week study period. Semi-structured follow-up phone interviews were completed for 37 of the 55 reports of pain that were indicated through text message response, resulting in further injury information for 65.5% of injuries. Incidence density of reporting pain over the 12-week study was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.68–1.15) per 1,000 min of activity. In this sample, text message response rates were similar to previous studies; however, we did lose nine (25.7%) participants to follow-up.