bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Architecture of Functional Jurisdiction: Unpacking Contactless Control—On Public Powers, S.S. and Others v. Italy, and the “Operational Model”
Authors: Moreno-Lax Violeta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAvailable accounts on jurisdiction, effective control, and the reach of human rights protections fail to provide a coherent construction that is principled and applicable across the board, within and beyond territorial borders. The “functional jurisdiction” model posited herein resolves these incongruities by looking at the normative foundation of sovereign authority overall, predicated on an exercise of “public powers” through which State functions are discharged, taking the form of policy delivery and/or operational action, whether inland or offshore, and which translates into “situational” control. Using the pending case of S.S. and Others v. Italy as an illustration, the article focuses on the sovereign-authority nexus that unites a specific state with a specific individual in a specific situation, triggering human rights obligations even through mechanisms of “contactless control” exercised via remote management techniques and/or through a proxy third actor. The role of extraterritorial operations, qua complex mechanisms of governance that implement broader policies with a planning, rollout and post-implementation phase, is central to this re-conceptualization, as is also the understanding that what makes control “effective” is its capacity to determine the material course of events and the resulting position in which those affected find themselves upon execution of the measure(s) concerned.
A Topographical Approach to Accountability for Human Rights Violations in Migration Control
Authors: Tan Nikolas Feith , Gammeltoft-Hansen Thomas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis Article develops what we call a “topographical approach” to accountability in migration control. Drawing on different strands of scholarship, including legal geography, “legal black holes,” and work on strategic litigation, we approach accountability by perceiving the site of a violation from a bird's-eye view and mapping different accountability structures across diverse legal regimes and via a broadened geographic lens. Rather than advocating for accountability in regard to particular regimes or jurisdictions, we argue that multi-pronged approaches are likely to remain the best starting point for ensuring accountability for human rights violations in the context of current migration control practices. The topographical approach thus offers a general framework for identifying existing blind spots, critically assessing existing trajectories, as well as exploring the wider grid of potential accountability mechanisms.
The KPP Trigger of Rapid AMOC Intensification in the Nonlinear Dansgaard‐Oeschger Relaxation Oscillation
Authors: Peltier W. Richard , Ma Yuchen , Chandan Deepak 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMillennium time scale Dansgaard‐Oeschger oscillations of glacial climate, clear evidence for the occurrence of which was first provided on the basis of oxygen isotopic data from a Greenland ice core 25 years ago, have recently been shown to arise naturally (without explicit freshwater forcing) in a fully coupled modern climate model description of the interactions between the overturning circulation of the oceans, the atmosphere, and sea ice under maximum glacial conditions. The fast transitions from cold stadial to warm interstadial conditions in a typical D‐O oscillation are characterized by the appearance of an extensive polynya in the stadial sea ice cover of the Irminger Sea south of Denmark Strait that opens due to the onset of intense vertical mixing below the sea ice lid. Through detailed stability analysis of the water column in the region where the polynya first forms, together with analysis of the action of the KPP (Kappa Profile Parameterization) of stratified turbulence employed to represent water column diapycnal diffusivity, the authors show that the opening of the polynya is controlled by this turbulence parameterization. The relative contributions of the different components of the parameterization to polynya opening are investigated in order to better understand the rapid climate change that ensues. The authors furthermore show that the characteristic period of the model predicted Dansgaard‐Oeschger oscillation is also controlled by the detailed nature of this parameterization, a characteristic of the oscillation not previously explained.
DNA punch cards for storing data on native DNA sequences via enzymatic nicking
Authors: Tabatabaei S. Kasra , Wang Boya , Athreya Nagendra Bala Murali , Enghiad Behnam , Hernandez Alvaro Gonzalo , Fields Christopher J. , Leburton Jean-Pierre , Soloveichik David , Zhao Huimin , Milenkovic Olgica 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSynthetic DNA-based data storage systems have received significant attention due to the promise of ultrahigh storage density and long-term stability. However, all known platforms suffer from high cost, read-write latency and error-rates that render them noncompetitive with modern storage devices. One means to avoid the above problems is using readily available native DNA. As the sequence content of native DNA is fixed, one can modify the topology instead to encode information. Here, we introduce DNA punch cards, a macromolecular storage mechanism in which data is written in the form of nicks at predetermined positions on the backbone of native double-stranded DNA. The platform accommodates parallel nicking on orthogonal DNA fragments and enzymatic toehold creation that enables single-bit random-access and in-memory computations. We use Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute to punch files into the PCR products of Escherichia coli genomic DNA and accurately reconstruct the encoded data through high-throughput sequencing and read alignment.
Time-dependent density-functional theory molecular-dynamics study on amorphization of Sc-Sb-Te alloy under optical excitation
Authors: Wang Xue-Peng , Li Xian-Bin , Chen Nian-Ke , Bang Junhyeok , Nelson Ryky , Ertural Christina , Dronskowski Richard , Sun Hong-Bo , Zhang Shengbai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecently, all-optical memory and optical-computation properties of phase-change materials are receiving intensive attention. Because writing/erasing information in these devices is usually achieved by laser pulses, the interaction between the laser and the phase-change materials becomes a key issue for such new applications. In this work, by a time-dependent density-functional theory molecular-dynamics study, the physics underlying the optical excitation induced amorphization of Sc-Sb-Te is revealed, which goes back to superatom-like Sc-centered structural motifs. These motifs are found to be still robust under the excitation. A selected occupation of the Sc d-t2g orbitals (as a result of optical excitation) leads to a significant change of Sc-centered bond angles. In addition, the especially weak Sb-Te bonds next to the Sc motifs are further diminished by excitations. Therefore, the Sc-centered motifs can promote breaking, switching, and reforming of the surrounding Sb-Te network and, therefore, facilitate the amorphization of Sc-Sb-Te. The study shows the unique role of Sc-centered motifs in optically induced phase transition, and displays potential applications of Sc-Sb-Te alloys in optical memory/computation.
Sex specific cognitive differences in Parkinson disease
Authors: Reekes Tyler Harrison , Higginson Christopher Ian , Ledbetter Christina Raye , Sathivadivel Niroshan , Zweig Richard Matthew , Disbrow Elizabeth Ann 
Published: April 2020

AbstractParkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is 1.5 times more common in males than in females. While motor progression tends to be more aggressive in males, little is known about sex difference in cognitive progression. We tested the hypothesis that there are sex differences in cognitive dysfunction in non-demented PD. We evaluated 84 participants (38 females) with PD and 59 controls (27 females) for demographic variables and cognitive function, including attention, working memory, executive function, and processing speed. Multivariate ANOVA revealed no significant differences between groups for demographic variables, including age, years of education, global cogntition, daytime sleepiness, predicted premorbid IQ, UPDRS score, PD phenotype, or disease duration. For cognitive variables, we found poorer performance in males versus females with PD for measures of executive function and processing speed, but no difference between male and female controls. Specifically, PD males showed greater deficits in Verbal Fluency (category fluency, category switching, and category switching accuracy), Color Word Interference (inhibition), and speed of processing (SDMT). There were no differences in measures of working memory or attention across sex and inconsistent findings for switching. Our data indicate that males with PD have significantly greater executive and processing speed impairments compared to females despite no differences in demographic variables or other measures of disease severity. Our findings are consistent with the steeper slope of disease progression reported in males with PD.
Analysis of Clinical and Laboratory Findings of Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Xie Wen , Dai Qingqing , Liu Jianguo , Liu Yuehui , Hellström Sten , Duan Maoli 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIdiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is an emergency disease requiring immediate diagnosis and treatment. The incidence of ISSNHL in the Western countries’ population was estimated to 5–20 per 100,000 inhabitants. The etiology of ISSNHL remains unknown. Its pathogenesis is most often suggested to be due to a disturbed microcirculation and infection. Previous studies have reported that comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and hyperfibrinogenemia are risk factors of ISSNHL. This study aimed at investigating the clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters and comorbidities of patients with ISSNHL. Our study suggests that the annual incidence of ISSNHL in China mainland is 19 per 100 000. The clinical characteristics and prevalence of comorbidities of ISSNHL patients are different according to age distribution and hearing results. Moreover, the patients with vertigo, hypertension, DM and high TG suffered more often from severe hearing loss compared with the counterparts. This indicates that the cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (hypertension and hyperlipidemia) appeared to be closely associated with the occurrence and severity of ISSNHL.
In Vitro Kinematic Analysis of Single Axis Radius Posterior-Substituting Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Arauz Paul , Peng Yun , Castillo Tiffany , Klemt Christian , Kwon Young-Min 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis is an experimental study. As current posterior-substituting (PS) total knee arthroplasties have been reported to incompletely restore intrinsic joint biomechanics of the healthy knee, the recently designed single axis radius PS knee system was introduced to increase posterior femoral translation and promote ligament isometry. As there is a paucity of data available regarding its ability to replicate healthy knee biomechanics, this study aimed to assess joint and articular contact kinematics as well as ligament isometry of the contemporary single axis radius PS knee system. Implant kinematics were measured from 11 cadaveric knees using an in vitro robotic testing system. In addition, medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) forces were quantified under simulated functional loads during knee flexion for the contemporary PS knee system. Posterior femoral translation between the intact knee and the single axis radius PS knee system differed significantly (p < 0.05) at 60, 90, and 120 degrees of flexion. The LCL force at 60 degrees (9.06 ± 2.81 N) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those at 30, 90, and 120 degrees of flexion, while MCL forces did not differ significantly throughout the range of tested flexion angles. The results from this study suggest that although the contemporary single axis radius PS knee system has the potential to mimic the intact knee kinematics under muscle loading during flexion extension due to its design features, single axis radius PS knee system did not fully replicate posterior femoral translation and ligament isometry of the healthy knee during knee flexion.
Gender equality as a challenge for the implementation of environmental law
Authors: Saputri E D , Handayani I G A K R , Nurhaeni I D A , Hermawan S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Women’s role in the implementation of public policy law is a way in developing a gender perspective law. This study is normative research that has an objective to investigate the influence of gender equality to the environmental law, it is able to be a reference for the government in setting a policy in the environmental field. In achieving Gender Equality and Justice through environmental policies requires the experiences, aspirations, needs, and problems of women and men that put in the process of planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating in various fields of life and development sector. This strategy is needed ro ensure that all society levels are able to access and participate in decision making, and they get benefits from the results of development based on their needs and aspirations.
Strange Masks of Adapted Identities in Patrick McCabe’sWinterwoodandThe Holy City
Authors: Hermansson Joakim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPatrick McCabe’s novels dramatize how people make use of character archetypes, media ideals, and fiction to adapt to new realities. These concerns are especially notable in two of his later novels, The Holy City and Winterwood. In the protagonists’ process of social adaptation, they illustrate how the construction of self-identity is defined by narration, and how a world in flux demands constant re-negotiation of the narrative and adaptation to the new story to make self-identity, life patterns, and their contexts match. In effect, the narratives suggest that engagement in media adaptations can guide audiences to find strategies for social adaptation.
Infective Endocarditis Among Persons Aged 18–64 Years Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis C Infection, or Opioid Use Disorder, United States, 2007−2017
Authors: Wong Cecillia Y , Zhu Weiming , Aurigemma Gerard P , Furukawa Nathan , Teshale Eyasu H , Huang Ya-lin A , Peters Philip J , Hoover Karen W 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening bacterial infection of the heart valves, most often diagnosed in older persons and persons with prior cardiac surgery. It is also associated with injection drug use, a behavior that has increased in recent years along with the US opioid crisis.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of commercial and Medicaid health insurance databases to estimate incident cases of IE in the United States in 2017, stratified by persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and opioid use disorder (OUD). We also estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in IE from 2007–2017 among persons with commercial insurance.

Results
The weighted incidence rate of IE was 13.8 cases per 100 000 persons among persons with commercial insurance, and 78.7 among those with Medicaid. The incidence rate of IE among commercially insured persons increased slightly from 2007–2017 (EAPC, 1.0%). It decreased among commercially insured persons living with HIV, from 148.0 in 2007 to 112.1 in 2017 (EAPC, −4.3%), and increased among those with HCV infection, from 172.4 in 2007 to 238.6 in 2017 (EAPC, 3.2%). Among persons aged 18–29 years with HCV infection, IE increased from 322.3 in 2007 to 1007.1 in 2017 (EAPC, 16.3%), and among those with OUD it increased from 156.4 in 2007 to 642.9 in 2017 (EAPC, 14.8%).

Conclusions
The incidence rate of IE increased markedly among young persons with HCV infections or OUD. This increase appears to parallel the ongoing national opioid crisis. Harm reduction with syringe services programs, medications for opioid use disorder, and safe injection practices can prevent the spread of HIV, HCV, and IE.
Long-term prognosis of de novo atrial fibrillation during acute myocardial infarction: the impact of anti-thrombotic treatment strategies
Authors: Hofer Felix , Kazem Niema , Hammer Andreas , El-Hamid Feras , Koller Lorenz , Niessner Alexander , Sulzgruber Patrick 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aims
While the prognosis of patients presenting with de novo atrial fibrillation (AF) during the acute phase of myocardial infarction has been controversially discussed, it seems intuitive that affected individuals have an increased risk for both thrombo-embolic events and mortality. However, profound data on long-term outcome of this highly vulnerable patient population are not available in current literature. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of de novo AF and associated anti-thrombotic treatment strategies on the patient outcome from a long-term perspective.

Methods and results
Patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction, treated at the Medical University of Vienna, were enrolled within a clinical registry and screened for the development of de novo AF. After discharge, participants were followed prospectively over a median time of 8.6 years. Primary study endpoint was defined as cardiovascular mortality. Out of 1372 enrolled individuals 149 (10.9%) developed de novo AF during the acute phase of acute myocardial infarction. After a median follow-up time of 8.6 years, a total of 418 (30.5%) died due to cardiovascular causes, including 93 (62.4%) in the de novo AF subgroup. We found that de novo AF was significantly associated with long-term cardiovascular mortality with an adjusted HR of 1.45 (95% CI 1.19–2.57; P &lt; 0.001). While patients with de novo AF were less likely to receive a triple anti-thrombotic therapy as compared to patients with pre-existing AF at time of discharge, this therapeutic approach showed a strong and inverse association with mortality in de novo AF, with an adj. HR of 0.86 (95% CI 0.45–0.92; P = 0.012).

Conclusion
De novo AF was independently associated with a poor prognosis with a 67% increased risk of long-term cardiovascular mortality. Intensified anti-thrombotic treatment in this high-risk patient population might be considered.
Testing the twin testosterone transfer hypothesis—intergenerational analysis of 317 dizygotic twins born in Aberdeen, Scotland
Authors: Talia Chiara , Raja Edwin-Amalraj , Bhattacharya Sohinee , Fowler Paul A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION
Does having a male co-twin influence the female twin’s reproductive outcomes?

SUMMARY ANSWER
Women with a male co-twin had the same chances of being pregnant and having children compared to same-sex twin pairs.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
According to the twin testosterone transfer (TTT) hypothesis, in an opposite-sex twin pregnancy, testosterone transfer from the male to the female co-twin occurs. A large body of literature supports the negative impact of prenatal testosterone exposure on female’s reproductive health in animal models; however, evidence from human studies remains controversial.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
This cohort study included all dizygotic female twins in the Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal Databank (Scotland) born before 1 January 1979. The 317 eligible women were followed up for 40 years for any pregnancies and the outcome of those pregnancies recorded in the same database.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Fertility outcomes (number of pregnancies, number of livebirths and age at first pregnancy) were compared between women with a male co-twin (exposed group, n = 151) and those with a female co-twin (unexposed group, n = 166). Population averaged models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI for all outcomes with adjusting for potential confounders.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
There were no differences in chances of having pregnancies (adj. OR 1.33; 95% CI 0.72, 2.45) and livebirths (adj. OR 1.22; 95% CI 0.68, 2.18) between women from same-sex and opposite-sex twin pairs. Women with a male co-twin were more likely to smoke during pregnancy and, in the unadjusted model, were younger at their first pregnancy (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.21, 3.75). After adjusting for confounding variables (year of birth and smoking status) the latter finding was no longer significant (OR 1.67; 95% CI 0.90, 3.20).

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
The dataset was relatively small. For women without a pregnancy recorded in the databank, we assumed that they had not been pregnant.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
Despite the evidence from animal studies concerning the adverse effects of prenatal testosterone exposure on female health, our results do not support the TTT hypothesis. The finding that women with a male co-twin are more likely to smoke during pregnancy highlights the importance of considering post-socialisation and social effects in twin studies.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie project PROTECTED (grant agreement No. 722634) and FREIA project (grant agreement No. 825100). No competing interests.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
N/A
Coping with Starvation: Contrasting Lipidomic Dynamics in the Cells of Two Sacoglossan Sea Slugs Incorporating Stolen Plastids from the Same Macroalga
Authors: Rey Felisa , Melo Tânia , Cartaxana Paulo , Calado Ricardo , Domingues Pedro , Cruz Sónia , Domingues M Rosário M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Several species of sacoglossan sea slugs are able to sequester chloroplasts from algae and incorporate them into their cells. However, the ability to maintain functional “stolen” plastids (kleptoplasts) can vary significantly within the Sacoglossa, giving species different capacities to withstand periods of food shortage. The present study provides an insight on the comparative shifts experienced by the lipidome of two sacoglossan sea slug species, Elysia viridis (long-term retention of functional chloroplasts) and Placida dendritica (retention of non-functional chloroplasts). A hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry approach was employed to screen the lipidome of specimens from both species feeding on the macroalga Codium tomentosum and after 1-week of starvation. The lipidome of E. viridis was generally unaffected by the absence of food, while that of P. dendritica varied significantly. The retention of functional chloroplasts by E. viridis cells allows this species to endure periods of food shortage, while in P. dendritica a significant reduction in the amount of main lipids was the consequence of the consumption of its own mass to endure starvation. The large proportion of ether phospholipids (plasmalogens) in both sea slug species suggests that these compounds may play a key role in chloroplast incorporation in sea slug cells and/or be involved in the reduction of the oxidative stress resulting from the presence of kleptoplasts.