bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new procedure, free from human assessment, that automatically grades some facial skin signs in men from selfie pictures. Application to changes induced by a severe aerial chronic urban pollution
Authors: Zhang Y. , Jiang R. , Kezele I. , Flament F. , Elmozino E. , Zhang J. , Ye C. , Amar D. , Coquide J. , Dwivedi S. , Sarda‐Dutilh L. , Arcin V. , Aarabi P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThese were two folds: at first, to develop an automatic grading system specifically dedicated to some facial signs of men, similar to the one previously validated on women of different ethnic ancestry and second, to assess its potential in detecting and grading the possible impacts of a severe aerial urban pollution on some facial signs of Chinese men.MethodsIn both studies, selfie images were obtained from differently aged men. Nine facial signs were automatically graded through a specific A.I‐based algorithm and clinically assessed by a panel of experts and dermatologists. Selfie pictures were taken from individual smartphones of variable optical properties. The first study, designed for developing an automatic grading system, involved three comparable cohorts of men from three different regional ancestries (African, Asian, Caucasian, 110 each) the selfie images of which were acquired under four different lighting conditions. As a second use case study, the facial signs of two cohorts of Chinese men (101 and 100, each), differently aged, regularly exposed to very different aerial urban pollution conditions (UP) were analysed by the same algorithm, selfies being taken under only one lighting condition.Results

The new automatic grading system of facial signs suits well to men, showing comparable results than that the one dedicated to women and provides data in close agreement with experts’ assessments.

In both cases (expert’s or automatic methodology), the accuracy of the scores appeared ethnic‐dependent.

The applied case confirmed previous results obtained clinically, that is, that many facial signs were found of an increased severity among men exposed to a severe urban pollution, as compared to those living in a less polluted city.

In both studies, statistical agreements between the automatic grading system and expert’s assessments were reached. In some facial signs, the automatic grading system seems offering a slightly better accuracy than the assessments made by the experts.

ConclusionApart from some minor limitations, this A.I‐based automatic grading system, free from human intervention, performed as well as the one previously developed in women, in close agreement with expert’s assessments. In epidemiological studies, this system offers an easy, fast, affordable and confidential approach in the detection and quantification of male facial signs.
The effects of climate change on human health in Africa, a dermatologic perspective: a report from the International Society of Dermatology Climate Change Committee
Authors: Coates Sarah J. , Enbiale Wendemagegn , Davis Mark D. P. , Andersen Louise K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThroughout much of the African continent, healthcare systems are already strained in their efforts to meet the needs of a growing population using limited resources. Climate change threatens to undermine many of the public health gains that have been made in this region in the last several decades via multiple mechanisms, including malnutrition secondary to drought‐induced food insecurity, mass human displacement from newly uninhabitable areas, exacerbation of environmentally sensitive chronic diseases, and enhanced viability of pathogenic microbes and their vectors. We reviewed the literature describing the various direct and indirect effects of climate change on diseases with cutaneous manifestations in Africa. We included non‐communicable diseases such as malignancies (non‐melanoma skin cancers), inflammatory dermatoses (i.e. photosensitive dermatoses, atopic dermatitis), and trauma (skin injury), as well as communicable diseases and neglected tropical diseases. Physicians should be aware of the ways in which climate change threatens human health in low‐ and middle‐income countries in general, and particularly in countries throughout Africa, the world's lowest‐income and second most populous continent.
Limits of Social Capital for Refugee Integration: The Case of Gay Iranian Male Refugees' Integration in Canada
Authors: Karimi Aryan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEach year thousands of refugees, including racialized LGBT refugees, are resettled in Canada. Currently, economic independence is the foremost policy goal in integrating Canada's refugees. This policy often relies on social capital as a non‐economic solution to integration. I draw on 35 multi‐sequential interviews with 19 gay Iranian men to connect the empirical and theoretical debates around refugee integration and argue that over‐reliance on refugees' deployment of social capital for integration has grave shortcomings for their senses of belonging. I suggest that examining racialized LGBT refugees' integration strategies best reveals communitarian social capital's flaws at the conjunction of sexuality, gender, race, and class. I draw on Bourdieu's writings on social capital to highlight internal group differences, social inequalities, and the vital convertibility between financial, social, and cultural capital in building transferrable resources for refugee integration. I conclude by urging policy‐oriented studies of social capital.
Holocene matters: Landscape history accounts for current species richness of vascular plants in forests and grasslands of eastern Central Europe
Authors: Divíšek Jan , Hájek Michal , Jamrichová Eva , Petr Libor , Večeřa Martin , Tichý Lubomír , Willner Wolfgang , Horsák Michal 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimCurrent species‐richness patterns are sometimes interpreted as a legacy of landscape history, but historical processes shaping the distribution of species during the Holocene are frequently omitted in biodiversity models. Here, we test their importance in modelling current species richness of vascular plants in forest and grassland vegetation.LocationWestern Carpathians and adjacent regions.TaxonVascular plants.MethodsNumbers of all species and of habitat specialists were extracted from plot records of forest and grassland vegetation. For each plot, environmental and historical data were derived from thematic maps. Historical data related to the persistence of (a) temperate taxa during the Late Glacial and Early Holocene, (b) open‐landscape taxa during the Middle Holocene and (c) taiga taxa during the Late Holocene were based on 112 fossil pollen profiles. Boosted regression trees were used to model spatial patterns in species richness.ResultsHistorical variables always appeared among the best predictors of current species richness. In light forests, species richness highly mirrored both the Late Glacial (12.5% contribution) and Middle‐Holocene (8.6%) landscape history. The latter factor became an important predictor also for species richness of steppe grasslands (8.3%) along with temperature seasonality (11.9%). Species richness of dark coniferous forests was best predicted by the Late‐Holocene occurrence of taiga forests (14.8%), which had an even stronger effect on the richness of habitat specialists (20.5%).Main conclusionsLandscape changes since the Last Glacial Maximum are important predictors of current plant species richness. The historical effects were found to be habitat specific and, because they may interact with recent environmental conditions and anthropogenic pressures, they often show a nonlinear relationship with species richness. We provide one possible direction of incorporating past landscape changes to the models of species richness.
Circulating adiposity‐related microRNAs as predictors of the response to a low‐fat diet in subjects with obesity
Authors: Assmann Taís Silveira , Riezu‐Boj José I. , Milagro Fermín I. , Martínez J. Alfredo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecent studies have revealed the critical role of several microRNAs (miRNAs) in energy homeostasis and metabolic processes and suggest that circulating miRNAs can be used as early predictors of weight loss in the design of precision nutrition. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate circulating adiposity‐related miRNAs as biomarkers of the response to two specific weight loss dietary treatments. The expression of 86 miRNAs was investigated in plasma of 78 subjects with obesity randomized to two different diets [moderately high‐protein diet (n = 38) and low‐fat diet (n = 40)] and in 25 eutrophic controls (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2). Bioinformatic analyses were performed to explore the target genes and biological pathways regulated by the dysregulated miRNAs. As results, 26 miRNAs were found differently expressed in eutrophic and volunteers with obesity. Moreover, 7 miRNAs (miR‐130a‐3p, miR‐142‐5p, miR‐144‐5p, miR‐15a‐5p, miR‐22‐3p, miR‐221‐3p and miR‐29c‐3p) were differentially expressed between responders and non‐responders to a low‐fat diet. Furthermore, after adjustment for basal glucose levels, 1‐SD increase in miR‐22‐3p expression was associated with reduction in the risk of non‐response to low‐fat diet [OR = 0.181, 95% CI (0.084‐0.947), P = .043]. Bioinformatic analyses evidenced that these 7 miRNAs regulate the expression of genes participating in important metabolic pathways. Conclusively, 7 circulating miRNAs related to adiposity could be used for predicting the response to a low‐fat diet intervention prescribed to lose weight.
Marine trophic niche use and life history diversity among Arctic charrSalvelinus alpinusin southwestern Greenland
Authors: Davidsen Jan G. , Power Michael , Knudsen Rune , Sjursen Aslak D. , Kjærstad Gaute , Rønning Lars , Arnekleiv Jo V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLife history strategies and potential marine niche use of Arctic charrSalvelinus alpinus(n= 237, 84–652 mm, total body length,LT) were determined during the ice‐free season (2012) at three different watercourses in south‐western Greenland. All Arctic charr were collected from freshwater habitats. Based on stable isotopes of δ34S, the Arctic charr were categorized as either marine‐ or freshwater‐dependent feeders. The use of time‐integrated trophic tracers (stable isotopes of δ13C, δ15N, δ34S) suggested that several trophic groups of Arctic charr operate alongside within each fjord system. The groups suggested were one group that specialized in the marine habitat, in addition to two freshwater resident morphs (small‐sized resident and/or large‐growing cannibalistic individuals). Stomach contents consisted entirely of freshwater and terrestrial prey (i.e., insects), indicating that marine‐dependent feeders also fed in freshwater habitats after return from their marine migration. Growth and maturity patterns further supported variable life history strategies within each watercourse. The life history strategy patterns and marine trophic niche use were consistent across the watercourses along several hundred kilometres of coastline. This study represents the first ecological baseline for partially anadromous populations of Greenland Arctic charr.
Anemia and iron deficiency in compensated and decompensated cirrhosis: Prevalence and impact on clinical outcomes
Authors: Paternostro Rafael , Kapzan Lea , Mandorfer Mattias , Schwarzer Remy , Benedikt Schaefer , Viveiros André , Bauer David , Ferlitsch Monika , Zoller Heinz , Trauner Michael , Ferlitsch Arnulf 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and AimIron deficiency anemia (IDA)is the leading cause of anemia worldwide. Data on prevalence and clinical impact of anemia in cirrhosis are scarce. Aim was to report on the following:(i) prevalence of anemia and IDA in cirrhosis and (ii) its possible impact on clinical outcomes.MethodsConsecutive cirrhotic patients from a prospective registry study were included. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin concentration ≤ 12 g/dL. IDA was defined as Hb ≤ 12 g/dL + transferrin‐saturation < 20%. Follow up for hepatic decompensation and mortality started with study inclusion and terminated in December 2017. A retrospective validation cohort of 1244 patients was used to validate our findings.ResultsTwo hundred forty‐two patients with compensated (n = 53 [21.9%]) and decompensated (n = 189 [78.1%]) cirrhosis were included. Anemia was present in 128 patients (52.9%); of those, 63 (49.2%) had IDA. Prevalence of anemia increased with Child–Pugh Score (CPS; A: 26.5%, B: 59.2%, C: 69%; P < 0.001) and with decompensated cirrhosis(62.4% vs 18.8%, P < 0.001). Within anemic patients, a higher proportion of patients in CPS A/B vs C (73% vs 35%; P = 0.025) and in compensated cirrhosis (80% vs 46.6%; P = 0.043) were found with IDA. Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores were significantly lower in patients with IDA (14.4 vs 17.9 non‐ID‐anemia; P = 0.005). Similar results were found in the validation cohort: median MELD (16[8–28]non‐IDA vs 12 [7–23] IDA; P < 0.001) and within anemic patients IDA was more common in patients with MELD <15 (58%) versus >15 (24%, P < 0.001).Anemia was associated with a significant risk for hepatic decompensation and/or mortality both in the validation (aSHR: 1.65, P = 0.008) and in the derivation cohort (aSHR: 2.11, P < 0.001) and an independent risk factor for hepatic decompensation and/or mortality in compensated patients (aHR: 4.91, P = 0.004).ConclusionAnemia is highly prevalent in cirrhosis. In compensated cirrhosis, CPS A/B, and low MELD, IDA seems to be the most likely reason for anemia. Furthermore, anemia is associated with a significant risk for hepatic decompensation or mortality during long‐term follow up.
Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression: An Umbrella Review
Authors: Hutchens Bridget F. , Kearney Joan 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionA deeper understanding of risk factors for postpartum depression (PPD) is essential to better target prevention and screening. An umbrella review was conducted to summarize and synthesize previously published systematic reviews and meta‐analyses.MethodsEight databases were searched in October of 2016, including PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, SCOPUS, PsycEXTRA, and Cochrane. Studies were included if they were reviews examining one or more risk factors for PPD and published between 1996 and 2016. The final sample included 21 articles, which varied in numerous ways, including the scope of risk factors explored and statistical methods.ResultsBecause of methodological variations between reviews, standardized statistical aggregation was not possible. From this body of literature, 25 statistically significant risk factors emerged with 2 additional risk factors presenting inconclusive findings. The most common risk factors identified were high life stress, lack of social support, current or past abuse, prenatal depression, and marital or partner dissatisfaction. The 2 strongest risk factors for PPD were prenatal depression and current abuse.DiscussionBecause untreated PPD leaves women and their children vulnerable to numerous negative short‐term and long‐term outcomes, a better understanding of PPD risk factors serves to improve maternal and child outcomes by allowing health care providers to better anticipate the needs of affected women.
Critical care nurses' perception of care coordination competency for management of mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: Alsharari Abdalkarem F. , Aroury Ammar M. , Dhiabat Mohammad H. , Alotaibi Jazi S. , Alshammari Farhan F. , Alshmemri Mohammed S. , Alnawwar Mohammed A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo evaluate nurses’ care coordination competency for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care units (ICUs) of Saudi Arabia (SA).BackgroundICUs are increasingly using multidisciplinary approach to provide critical care. Functionality gaps remain within these teams preventing optimum performance, including a lack of adequate care coordination in the management of mechanically ventilated (MV) patients.DesignA cross‐sectional survey of ICU nurses working across 20 hospitals in SA.MethodsThe Nurses’ Care Coordination Competency Scale (NCCCS) survey for MV patients was administered to all the nurses to assess their care coordination competence. The data were analysed using Student's t test, ANOVA and linear regression. Reporting of this research follows STROBE guidelines.ResultsA total of 254 nurses participated in the survey. The overall NCCCS mean score was 3.94 (±0.69) out of a 5‐point scale. Also, the “promoting team cohesion factor (Factor 1)” had a mean score of 3.90 (±0.77), the “understanding care coordination needs factor (Factor II)” had a mean score of 4.00 (±0.77), the “aggregating and disseminating information factor (Factor III)” had a mean score of 4.05 (±0.76), and the “devising and clearly articulating the care vision factor (Factor IV)” had a mean score of 3.78 (±0.87). The mean overall NCCCS score was 4.10 among Indians, 3.98 among Filipinos and 3.81 among Saudi nationals.ConclusionThere were a high overall score and subscale scores of nurses’ care coordination competence for mechanically ventilated patients, but few gaps were identified in some of the items.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe results provide information on the status and gaps in ICU nurses’ care coordination competencies to address the needs of mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. The NCCCS can be utilised as an educational tool for nurses who are new to the ICU work environment.
Nurses' attitudes regarding the importance of families in nursing care: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Østergaard Birte , Clausen Anne M. , Agerskov Hanne , Brødsgaard Anne , Dieperink Karin B. , Funderskov Karen F. , Nielsen Dorthe , Sorknæs Anne D. , Voltelen Barbara , Konradsen Hanne 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo investigate attitudes towards family involvement in care among a broad sample of Danish nurses from all sectors and healthcare settings.BackgroundEvidence suggests that nurses hold both supportive and less supportive attitudes about involvement of family members in the care of patients, and the existing findings are limited to specific healthcare contexts.DesignA cross‐sectional study adhering to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology for reporting observational studies.MethodsUsing snowball sampling, the Families' Importance in Nursing Care‐Nurses' Attitudes questionnaire was initially administered to a broad, convenience sample of Danish registered nurses through social media: Facebook interest groups and the homepage of the Danish Family Nursing Association. These nurses were encouraged to send the invitation to participate in their network of nursing colleagues. Complete data sets from 1,720 nurses were available for analysis.ResultsIn general, the nurses considered the family as important in patient care. Nurses who held master's and doctorate degrees scored significantly higher than nurses with a basic nursing education. Nurses who had had experience with illness within their own families tended to score higher on the family as a conversational partner subscale than those without this experience. Nurses with the longest engagement within hospital settings scored significantly lower than those with the longest engagement within primary health care and/or psychiatry.ConclusionsFamilies are considered important in nursing care. Younger nurses with a basic education, short‐term engagement at a hospital and no experiences with illness within their own families were predictors of less supportive attitudes towards including the family in nursing care.Relevance to clinical practiceClinical leaders and managers should promote education on the importance of active family involvement in patient care in clinical practice and undergraduate education. More focus on collaboration with families in the hospital setting is needed.
Factors influencing the implementation of Epilepsy Specialist Nurse role: Using the Consolidation Framework for Implementation Research
Authors: Higgins Agnes , Murphy Rebecca , Downes Carmel , Varley Jarlath , Begley Cecily , Elliott Naomi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundResearch to support the added value of including Epilepsy Specialist Nurses as members of the multidisciplinary team is developing, yet little information exists on factors influencing the translation of these roles into practice.AimTo describe the enabling and inhibiting factors to the implementation of the Epilepsy Specialist Nurse role in the Republic of Ireland.MethodsA qualitative design involving semi‐structure interviews, observation and analysis of documents, such as portfolios was used. The sample included 12 Epilepsy Specialist Nurses, 24 multidisciplinary team members, and 35 individuals with epilepsy and family members. Data were analysed using the Consolidation Framework for Implementation Research. Reporting rigour is demonstrated using the COREQ checklist (See Appendix S1).ResultsWhile there was overwhelming support for the role, barriers and enablers were identified across all domains of the Consolidation Framework for Implementation Research. Enablers included national policies and guidelines, leadership from senior nursing and medical colleagues, climate of learning and mentorship, networking opportunities, infrastructural supports and competence of Epilepsy Specialist Nurses. Barriers included the limited consideration of service expansion and the increasingly complex nature of clinical cases on workload capacity. Deficits in infrastructural supports, challenges in relation to role preparation, role implementation and role responsibility, including concerns around lone practitioner models and concerns that the role was a cost‐saving measure, also emerged as potential barriers to future sustainability.ConclusionThe Consolidation Framework for Implementation Research offers researchers a pragmatic typology for analysing interrelationships between enabling and inhibiting factors that impact implementation of advanced practice roles, across different evidence sources, disciplines and boundaries.Relevance to clinical practiceIn order to secure role sustainability, managers need to address the rate of service expansion, models of role development, deficits in supports and perceived motivations for role development on the quality, acceptability and sustainability of services provided.
Insider Investment Horizon
Authors: AKBAS FERHAT , JIANG CHAO , KOCH PAUL D. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTWe examine the relation between insiders’ investment horizon and the information content of their trades with respect to future stock returns. We conjecture that an insider's investment horizon establishes a benchmark for expected patterns of continued trading behavior and thus helps identify unexpected insider trades, which should be more informative in efficient markets. Consistent with this conjecture, the trades of short‐horizon insiders are both more unexpected and more informed, on average, than those of long‐horizon insiders. Short‐horizon insiders and their firms also tend to display characteristics that are associated with a greater focus on short‐termism.