bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colossal left main to right atrium fistula ligation complicated by left circumflex STEMI
Authors: Medranda Giorgio A. , Lance Shannon , Waksman Ron , Bernardo Nelson L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCongenital left main (LM) coronary artery to right atrium fistulas with progression to aneurysm development are rare. Most patients remain asymptomatic, but for those with progressive symptoms, intervention is required. However, there are potential life‐threatening complications associated with surgical intervention. We present a case of an extremely rare markedly aneurysmal LM to right atrial fistula treated with surgical ligation complicated by inferolateral ST‐elevation myocardial infarction several days post‐operatively treated successfully using mechanical aspiration thrombectomy, a stent‐retriever, balloon angioplasty, and subsequent intravascular ultrasound‐guided percutaneous coronary intervention with drug‐eluting stent.
Enhancement of Photocatalytic Activity for Hydrogen Production by Surface Modification of Pt‐TiO2 Nanoparticles with a Double Layer of Photosensitizers
Authors: Yoshimura Nobutaka , Kobayashi Atsushi , Yoshida Masaki , Kato Masako 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo investigate the effect of the surface structure of dye‐sensitized photocatalyst nanoparticles, we prepared three types of RuII‐photosensitizer (PS)‐double‐layered Pt‐cocatalyst‐loaded TiO2 nanoparticles with different surface structures, Zr‐RuCP6‐Zr‐RuP6@N wt %Pt‐TiO2, RuCP6‐Zr‐RuP6@N wt %Pt‐TiO2, and RuCP2‐Zr‐RuP6@N wt %Pt‐TiO2 (N=0.2, 1, and 5), and evaluated their photocatalytic H2 evolution activity in the presence of redox‐reversible iodide as the electron donor. Although the driving force of the electron injection from I− to the photo‐oxidized RuIII PS is comparable, the activity increased in the following order: RuCP2‐Zr‐RuP6@1 wt %Pt‐TiO2 < RuCP6‐Zr‐RuP6@1 wt %Pt‐TiO2 < Zr‐RuCP6‐Zr‐RuP6@1 wt %Pt‐TiO2. The apparent quantum yield of Zr‐RuCP6‐Zr‐RuP6@1 wt %Pt‐TiO2 in the first hour reached 1 %. Zeta‐potential measurements suggest that the surface Zr4+‐phosphate groups attracted I− anions to the nanoparticle–solution interface. Our results indicate that the surface modification of dye‐sensitized photocatalysts is a promising approach to enhance photocatalytic activity with various redox mediators.
Synthesis ofN‐HeterocyclicCarbine Silver(I) and Palladium(II) Complexes with Acylated Piperazine Linker and Catalytic Activity in Three Types of C—C Coupling Reactions
Authors: Liu Qingxiang , Zhang Xiantao , Zhao Zhixiang , Li Xinying , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2020

Main observation and conclusionTwo bis‐imidazolium salts LH2·Cl2and LH2·(PF6)2with acylated piperazine linker and twoN‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) silver(I) and palladium(II) complexes [L2Ag2](PF6)2(1) and [L2Pd2Cl4] (2) were prepared. The crystal structures of LH2·Cl2and 1 were confirmed by X‐ray analysis. In 1, one 26‐membered macrometallocycle was generated through two silver(I) ions and two bidentate ligands L. The catalytic activity of 2 was investigated in Sonogashira, Heck‐Mizoroki and Suzuki‐Miyaura reactions. The results displayed that these C—C coupling reactions can be smoothly carried out under the catalysis of 2.
Improving Soil Fertility and Nutrient Dynamics with Leachate Attributes from Sewage Sludge by Impoundment and Co‐Composting
Authors: Balaganesh Pandiyan , Vasudevan Mangottiri , Natarajan Narayanan , Suneeth Kumar Saragur M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCo‐composting offers a sustainable solution for community level sewage treatment plants (STP) by producing nutrient‐optimized compost. Soils in such treatment vicinity are susceptible for receiving significant quantity of wastewater, capable of causing a radical shift in soil structure and nutrient dynamics. Samples of sludge‐leachate impounded soil (SLIS) and low fertile soil are collected to select the proportioning of sludge‐derived composts (SDC). A series of batch experiments are conducted by mixing pre‐determined quantity of SDC with field soils on weight basis to identify the best proportioning combination. Based on the in‐vessel aerobic cocomposting experiments with reuse of generated leachate (at a rate of 1.0 per week), SDC exhibits good nutrient stability in terms of carbon‐nitrogen ratio (8–11) with effective moisture augmentation from leachate (45%–74%) under non‐isothermal conditions (between 46±2°C and 32±4°C) within 45 days of incubation. Significant nitrogen transformation is exhibited in SLIS samples due to the temporal variations in sludge decomposition as verified through leaching column experiments. Approximately 30% of nutrient (carbon and nitrogen) leaching is prevented due to the improved moisture retention capacity in presence of compost. An empirical correlation has been derived between various analytical measures of organic matter depicting enhanced decomposition stages of sludge in soil amendments.
Distribution and co‐expression of adrenergic receptor‐encoding mRNA in the mouse inferior colliculus
Authors: Williams Charles A. , Miller Kimberly E. , Williams Nisa P. , Portfors Christine V. , Perkel David J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAdrenergic receptors are mediators of adrenergic and noradrenergic modulation throughout the brain. Previous studies have provided evidence for the expression of adrenergic receptors in the midbrain auditory nucleus, the inferior colliculus (IC), but have not examined the cellular patterns of expression in detail. Here, we utilize multichannel fluorescent in situ hybridization to detect the expression of adrenergic receptor‐encoding mRNA in the inferior colliculus of male and female mice. We found expression of α1, α2A, and β2 receptor‐encoding mRNA throughout all areas of the IC. While we observed similar levels of expression of α1 receptor‐encoding mRNA across the subregions of the IC, α2A and β2 receptor‐encoding mRNA was expressed differentially. To account for developmental changes in noradrenergic receptor expression, we measured expression levels in mice aged P15, P20, and P60. We observed little change in levels of expression across these ages. To ascertain the modulatory potential of multiple adrenergic receptor subtypes in a single IC cell, we measured co‐expression of α1, α2A, and β2 receptor‐encoding mRNA. We found greater proportions of cells in the IC that expressed no adrenergic receptor‐encoding mRNA, α1 and α2A adrenergic receptor‐encoding mRNA, and α1, α2A, and β2 receptor‐encoding mRNA than would be predicted by independent expression of each receptor subtype. These data suggest a coordinated pattern of adrenergic receptor expression in the IC and provide the first evidence for adrenergic receptor expression and co‐expression in the subregions of the mouse auditory midbrain.
Dynamics of perineuronal nets over amphibian metamorphosis
Authors: Edwards Jacob A. , Risch Makayla , Hoke Kim L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExtracellular matrix materials known as perineuronal nets (PNNs) have been shown to have remarkable consequences for the maturation of neural circuits and stabilization of behavior. It has been proposed that, due to the possibly long‐lived biochemical nature of their components, PNNs may be an important substrate by which long‐term memories are stored in the central nervous system. However, little empirical evidence exists that shows that PNNs are themselves stable once established. Thus, the question of their temporal dynamics remains unresolved. We leverage the dramatic morphological and behavioral transformations that occur during amphibian metamorphosis to show that PNNs can be highly dynamic in nature. We used established lectin histochemistry to show that PNNs undergo drastic reconstruction during the metamorphic transition. Pre‐metamorphic tadpoles have abundant lectin‐labeled pericellular material, which we interpret to be PNNs, surrounding neurons throughout the central nervous system. During the metamorphic transition, these structures degrade, and begin to reform in the months following metamorphosis. We show that PNN sizes and staining intensity further change over metamorphosis, suggesting compositional rearrangement. We found PNNs in brain regions with putative homology to regions in mammals with known PNN function, and in other shared regions where PNN function is unknown. Our results suggest that PNNs are susceptible to remodeling by endogenous mechanisms during development. Interpreting the roles of PNNs in circuit maturation and stability requires understanding their temporal relationship with the neurons and synapses they surround. Our work provides further impetus to investigate this relationship in tandem with developmental and behavioral studies.
Improvements in Flow Cytometry‐Based Cytotoxicity Assay
Authors: Wu Xiaolong , Zhang Ying , Li Yutao , Schmidt‐Wolf Ingo G. H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe flow cytometry‐based assay has been increasingly used to assess the cell‐mediated cytotoxicity since the 1980s due to its advantages over the conventional radioactive 51Cr release assay (CRA), such as higher sensitivity at the single‐cell level and nonradioactivity. The basic principle of this assay is the usage of two dyes, one nontoxic dye for labeling targets or effector cells to distinguish one from another, one viability dye for discrimination of dead from live cells. Due to the problem of spontaneous release or leakage of the nontoxic dye, the concern about the cross‐staining has not yet been clearly elucidated. In this study, carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) was utilized to label target cells and Hoechst 33258 was used as the viability dye. We confirmed that no cross‐staining occurred between the effector and target cells after 4 h of coculture. We also found that the cytotoxicity would be overestimated if effector cells instead of target cells were labeled due to the exclusion of viable targets in effector‐target conjugates. Using EDTA at the end of culture or labeling targets can solve this problem. Furthermore, the gating strategy could be improved by plotting CFSE against forward scatter (FSC) to discriminate some early apoptotic events. Due to the loss of target cells lysed by effector cells, counting beads are normally preferable in this assay. Here, we found an alternative to the use of beads in standardizing the flow cytometry‐based assay. Instead of using beads, sample acquisition in a fixed time was shown to have the same effect in specific lysis evaluation as the beads application but have a greater stability than the latter. With a good quality control, the acquisition time for each sample could be shortened to 15 s, thus making this work to be done efficiently, especially in the case of larger sample sizes. Collectively, the findings in this study can improve the flow cytometric cytotoxicity assay to be carried out in a more accurate, efficient, and cost‐effective way. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Consistency of EEG asymmetry patterns in infants of depressed mothers
Authors: Goodman Sherryl H. , Liu Ran , Lusby Cara M. , Park Ji Soo , Bell Martha Ann , Newport D. Jeffrey , Stowe Zachary N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe evaluated frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry across multiple contexts as an index of a general affective response predisposition in 12‐month‐old infants whose mothers were at elevated risk for perinatal depression due to their mother’s history of depression. We further examined mothers’ prenatal, postnatal, and concurrent depressive symptom levels in relation to infants’ frontal EEG asymmetry consistency. Mothers (n = 132) with a history of depression prior to pregnancy completed depressive symptom scales repeatedly during pregnancy and the first year postpartum. Their 12‐month‐old infants’ frontal EEG asymmetry was recorded across five contexts (baseline/bubbles, peek‐a‐boo, play, feeding, and distract). Frontal EEG asymmetries showed small to moderate correlations across contexts. Mothers’ prenatal depression symptom levels (not postnatal or concurrent) were associated with infants having consistent right, rather than left, frontal EEG asymmetry, even after controlling for infants’ observed affect. These findings demonstrate the consistency of EEG asymmetry scores across contexts in 12‐month‐old infants at risk for the development of psychopathology, providing support for relative right frontal EEG asymmetry as a trait marker of vulnerability to depression. Findings also suggest the importance of mothers’ prenatal, rather than postnatal or concurrent depression, in predicting infants’ consistent patterns of relative right frontal EEG asymmetry across contexts.
Landscape‐scale restoration minimizes tree growth vulnerability to 21stcentury drought in a dry forest
Authors: Bradford John B. , Andrews Caitlin M. , Robles Marcos D. , McCauley Lisa A. , Woolley Travis J. , Marshall Robert M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIncreasing aridity is a challenge for forest managers and reducing stand density to minimize competition is a recognized strategy to mitigate drought impacts on growth. In many dry forests, the most widespread and common forest management programs currently being implemented focus on restoration of historical stand structures, primarily to minimize fire risk and enhance watershed function. The implications of these restoration projects for drought vulnerability are not well understood. Here, we examined how planned restoration treatments in the Four Forests Restoration Initiative, the largest forest restoration project in the United States, would alter landscape‐scale patterns of forest growth and drought vulnerability throughout the 21st century. Using drought–growth relationships developed within the landscape, we considered a suite of climate and treatment scenarios and estimated average forest growth and the proportion of years with extremely low growth as a measure of vulnerability to long‐term decline. Climatic shifts projected for this landscape include higher temperatures and shifting seasonal precipitation that promotes lower soil moisture availability in the early growing season and greater hot‐dry stress, conditions negatively associated with tree growth. However, drought severity and the magnitude of future growth declines were moderated by the thinning treatments. Compared to historical conditions, proportional growth in mid‐century declines by ~40% if thinning ceases or continues at the status quo pace. By comparison, proportional growth declines by only 20% if the Four Forest Restoration Initiative treatments are fully implemented, and <10% if stands are thinned even more intensively than currently planned. Furthermore, restoration treatments resulted in dramatically fewer years with extremely low growth in the future, a recognized precursor to forest decline and eventual tree mortality. Benefits from density reduction for mitigating drought‐induced growth declines are more apparent in mid‐century and under RCP4.5 than under RCP8.5 at the end of the century. Future climate is inherently uncertain, and our results only reflect the climate projections from the representative suite of models examined. Nevertheless, these results indicate that forest restoration projects designed for other objectives also have substantial benefits for minimizing future drought vulnerability in dry forests and provide additional incentive to accelerate the pace of restoration.
Spatial and environmental effects on Coho Salmon life history trait variation
Authors: Tuor Kimberly M. F. , Heath Daniel D. , Shrimpton J. Mark 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAdult size, egg size, fecundity, and mass of gonads are affected by trade‐offs between reproductive investment and environmental conditions shaping the evolution of life history traits among populations for widely distributed species. Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch have a large geographic distribution, and different environmental conditions are experienced by populations throughout their range. We examined the effect of environmental variables on female size, egg size, fecundity, and reproductive investment of populations of Coho Salmon from across British Columbia using an information theoretic approach. Female size increased with latitude and decreased with migration distance from the ocean to spawning locations. Egg size was lowest for intermediate intragravel temperature during incubation, decreased with migration distance, but increased in rivers below lakes. Fecundity increased with latitude, warmer temperature during the spawning period, and river size, but decreased in rivers below lakes compared with rivers with tributary sources. Relative gonad size increased with latitude and decreased with migration distance. Latitude of spawning grounds, migratory distance, and temperatures experienced by a population, but also hydrologic features—river size and headwater source—are influential in shaping patterns of reproductive investment, particularly egg size. Although, relative gonad size varied with latitude and migration distance, how gonadal mass was partitioned gives insight into the trade‐off between egg size and fecundity. The lack of an effect of latitude on egg size suggests that local optima for egg size related to intragravel temperature may drive the variation in fecundity observed among years.
Regulatory T cell metabolism at the intersection between autoimmune diseases and cancer
Authors: Kurniawan Henry , Soriano‐Baguet Leticia , Brenner Dirk 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical for peripheral immune tolerance and homeostasis, and altered Treg behavior is involved in many pathologies, including autoimmunity and cancer. The expression of the transcription factor FoxP3 in Tregs is fundamental to maintaining their stability and immunosuppressive function. Recent studies have highlighted the crucial role that metabolic reprogramming plays in controlling Treg plasticity, stability, and function. In this review, we summarize how the availability and use of various nutrients and metabolites influence Treg metabolic pathways and activity. We also discuss how Treg‐intrinsic metabolic programs define and shape their differentiation, FoxP3 expression, and suppressive capacity. Lastly, we explore how manipulating the regulation of Treg metabolism might be exploited in different disease settings to achieve novel immunotherapies.
Zn Nanoparticles Modified Screen Printed Carbon Electrode as a Promising Sensor for Insulin Determination
Authors: Šišoláková Ivana , Hovancová Jana , Chovancová Frederika , Oriňaková Renáta , Maskaľová Iveta , Oriňak Andrej , Radoňak Jozef 
Published: October 2020

AbstractScreen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) modified by a combination of chitosan, multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) were studied for the first time as a suitable candidate for non‐enzymatic insulin determination. In an effort to find the most suitable modification for electrochemical insulin determination, the stability, analytical characteristics, and selectivity were determined. The results confirmed that the ZnNPs/chitosan‐MWCNTs prepared with the Zn deposition time of 45 s displayed the best electrocatalytic activity towards insulin oxidation in a wide linear concentration range (0.5 μM to 5 μM), with low limit of detection and high sensitivity.
Epilepsy in Morocco: Realities, pitfalls and prospects
Authors: Kissani Najib , Cherkaoui Rhazouani Oussama , Souirti Zouhayr , Khramaz Mounia , Meryem Chettati , Mebrouk Yassine , Ouazzani Reda 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about 50 million people of all ages have epilepsy and nearly 85% of whom live in low‐ and middle‐income (LMICs) countries. In Morocco, epilepsy is one of the major neurological health conditions, with an estimated prevalence of 1.1%. The management of patients is difficult due to multiple factors. The lack of neurologists whose number is currently 180, the uneven distribution of neurologists who are concentrated in large cities, 43% of whom are in Rabat and Casablanca alone; the low involvement of general practitioners in the management of epilepsy; the frequent consultation of traditional healers; and the low coverage of social security all contribute to the treatment gap. The management of epilepsy has advanced considerably since the early nineties. Several factors contributed to this progress: the increasing number of neurologists compared to previous years, the creation of well‐equipped new academic centers, and small units of general neurology, in addition to the disuse of several antiepileptic drugs. However, much work remains to be done against the use of many forms of traditional practices and the low involvement of general practitioners in the management of epilepsy. This is the first study on epilepsy conducted in Morocco.
Impact of an 0.2 km3 Rock Avalanche on Lake Eibsee (Bavarian Alps, Germany) – Part I: Reconstruction of the paleolake and Effects of the Impact
Authors: Knapp Sibylle , Mamot Philipp , Lempe Bernhard , Krautblatter Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRock avalanches destroy and reshape landscapes in only a few minutes and are among the most hazardous processes on Earth. The surface morphology of rock avalanche deposits and the interaction with the underlying material are crucial for runout properties and reach. Water within the travel path is displaced, producing large impact waves and reducing friction, leading to long runouts. We hypothesize that the 0.2 km3 Holocene Eibsee rock avalanche from Mount Zugspitze in the Bavarian Alps overran and destroyed Paleolake Eibsee and left a unique sedimentological legacy of processes active during the landslide. We captured 9.5 km of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles across the rock avalanche deposits, with up to 120 m penetration depth and more than 34 000 datum points. The ERT profiles reveal up to ~50 m thick landslide debris, locally covering up to ~30 m of rock debris with entrained fine‐grained sediments on top of isolated remnants of decametre‐wide paleolake sediments. The ERT profiles allow us to infer processes involved in the interaction of the rock avalanche with bedrock, lake sediments, and morainal sediments, including shearing, bulging, and bulldozing. Complementary data from drilling, a gravel pit exposure, laboratory tests, and geomorphic features were used for ERT calibration. Sediments overrun by the rock avalanche show water‐escape structures. Based on all of these datasets, we reconstructed both position and size of the paleolake prior to the catastrophic event. Our reconstruction of the event contributes to process an understanding of the rock avalanche and future modelling and hazard assessment. Here we show how integrated geomorphic, geophysical, and sedimentological approaches can provide detailed insights into the impact of a rock avalanche on a lake. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd