bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated analysis of differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs and mRNAs associated with high-fat diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance in mice
Authors: Zhou Zengyuan , Zhao Xue , Chen Liang , Li Yuzheng , Chen Zhao , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhou Zihao , Chu Xia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Hepatic insulin resistance (IR) is an early pathological characteristic of many metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as mediators of IR and related diseases. However, the roles of lncRNAs in hepatic IR remain largely unknown.

Method
High-throughput sequencing was performed on ten liver tissue samples from five normal diet (ND)-fed mice and five high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic IR mice, respectively. lncRNAs and mRNAs that were differentially expressed (DE) between the two groups were identified by bioinformatic analyses. Seven DE lncRNAs were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR). The potential functions of the DE lncRNAs were predicted by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses of target genes. In addition, integrated analysis was performed for the DE lncRNAs and mRNAs to predict their interaction relationships.

Results
A total of 232 DE lncRNAs were identified in the HFD-induced hepatic IR mice compared with the ND-fed mice. These DE lncRNAs included 108 upregulated and 124 downregulated lncRNAs, and 7 of the DE lncRNAs were validated by q-PCR. In addition, 291 DE mRNAs including 166 upregulated and 125 downregulated mRNAs were identified in the HFD group. Furthermore, target genes of the DE lncRNAs were predicted, and functional enrichment results showed that the enriched genes were involved in IR- and glycolipid metabolism-related processes. Additionally, the coexpression network was also constructed to further reflect the potential functions of the DE lncRNAs.

Conclusion
The study describes the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs and the functional networks involved in HFD-induced hepatic IR. These findings may provide a new perspective for the study of lncRNAs in hepatic IR- and glycolipid metabolism-related diseases.
Efficacy of omalizumab in children, adolescents, and adults with severe allergic asthma: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and call for new trials using current guidelines for assessment of severe asthma
Authors: Henriksen Daniel P. , Bodtger Uffe , Sidenius Kirsten , Maltbaek Niels , Pedersen Lars , Madsen Hanne , Andersson Ehm A. , Norgaard Ole , Madsen Louise K. , Chawes Bo L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Omalizumab is approved for treating severe allergic asthma from age 6, but the definition of severe asthma including a systematic assessment to rule out difficult-to-treat asthma has changed since the drug was approved in 2003.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of two critical (exacerbation rate, oral corticosteroid (OCS) treatment) and eight important clinical outcomes in children, adolescents and adults, and specifically searched papers for systematic assessment of severe asthma.

Results
Adults: seven studies (n = 2159) ascertaining exacerbation rate showing a 37% (95% CI 21–50) reduction in favor of omalizumab, larger than the pre-specified minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of 25%. Only one open-label study (n = 82) was identified assessing the percentage of patients experiencing reduction of OCS-maintenance treatment showing a significantly greater decrease in the omalizumab group (− 45% vs. + 18.3%, p = 0.002). Children and adolescents: four studies (n = 1551) reported data on exacerbations (no meta-analysis conducted), showed overall improvements in exacerbation rate and some passed MCID. No OCS studies were identified. No included studies provided systematic assessment of severe asthma according to current guidelines.

Conclusions
Omalizumab provides clinically relevant improvements in exacerbation rate among children, adolescents, and adults and in OCS-reduction among adults. New studies incorporating a guideline-approached definition of severe asthma are warranted.
Serum BPI as a novel biomarker in asthma
Authors: Xingyuan Chen , Chen Qiu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Neutrophils, eosinophils and inflammatory cells contribute to asthmatic inflammation. The anti-bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), produced by neutrophils, peripheral blood monocytes or epithelial cells, can neutralize lipopolysaccharide activity and enhance phagocytosis regulation function. This study aimed to assess the clinical significance of BPI in asthmatic patients.

Methods
We recruited 18 controlled asthma, 39 uncontrolled asthma and 35 healthy controls individuals. Clinical characteristics (age, gender, allergy history, body mass index (BMI) and smoking history), clinical indicators [whole blood count, forced expiratory volume in one second as percentage of predicted volume (FEV1% predicted), IgE level, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and fractional expiratory nitric oxide (FeNO)] and serum BPI levels were measured to compare among each group. We then evaluated the correlation between BPI, clinical characteristics and clinical indicators. Finally, linear regression analysis was performed to exclude the influence of other factors and to find the independent influencing factors of BPI.

Results
Our results showed that the serum BPI levels increased by twofold in the controlled asthma group (12.83 ± 6.04 ng/mL) and threefold in the uncontrolled asthma group (18.10 ± 13.48 ng/mL), compared to the healthy control group (6.00 ± 2.58 ng/mL) (p < 0.001). We further found that serum BPI levels were positively correlated with the hs-CRP (p = 0.002). There was no significant association among BPI, age, gender, BMI, allergy, blood eosinophils, blood neutrophils, IgE, FeNO or FEV1% predicted.

Conclusion
BPI levels were increased in asthma and positively correlated with hs-CRP. BPI as a potential asthma biomarker that still needs further research.
Evidence against the “normalization” prediction of the early brain overgrowth hypothesis of autism
Authors: Yankowitz Lisa D. , Herrington John D. , Yerys Benjamin E. , Pereira Joseph A. , Pandey Juhi , Schultz Robert T. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The frequently cited Early Overgrowth Hypothesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) postulates that there is overgrowth of the brain in the first 2 years of life, which is followed by a period of arrested growth leading to normalized brain volume in late childhood and beyond. While there is consistent evidence for early brain overgrowth, there is mixed evidence for normalization of brain volume by middle childhood. The outcome of this debate is important to understanding the etiology and neurodevelopmental trajectories of ASD.

Methods
Brain volume was examined in two very large single-site samples of children, adolescents, and adults. The primary sample comprised 456 6–25-year-olds (ASD n = 240, typically developing controls (TDC) n = 216), including a large number of females (n = 102) and spanning a wide IQ range (47–158). The replication sample included 175 males. High-resolution T1-weighted anatomical MRI images were examined for group differences in total brain, cerebellar, ventricular, gray, and white matter volumes.

Results
The ASD group had significantly larger total brain, cerebellar, gray matter, white matter, and lateral ventricular volumes in both samples, indicating that brain volume remains enlarged through young adulthood, rather than normalizing. There were no significant age or sex interactions with diagnosis in these measures. However, a significant diagnosis-by-IQ interaction was detected in the larger sample, such that increased brain volume was related to higher IQ in the TDCs, but not in the ASD group. Regions-of-significance analysis indicated that total brain volume was larger in ASD than TDC for individuals with IQ less than 115, providing a potential explanation for prior inconsistent brain size results. No relationships were found between brain volume and measures of autism symptom severity within the ASD group.

Limitations
Our cross-sectional sample may not reflect individual changes over time in brain volume and cannot quantify potential changes in volume prior to age 6.

Conclusions
These findings challenge the “normalization” prediction of the brain overgrowth hypothesis by demonstrating that brain enlargement persists across childhood into early adulthood. The findings raise questions about the clinical implications of brain enlargement, since we find that it neither confers cognitive benefits nor predicts increased symptom severity in ASD.
Self-interference cancelation in the presence of non-linear power amplifier and receiver IQ imbalance
Authors: Tapio Visa , Sonkki Marko , Juntti Markku 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the in-band full-duplex(FD) systems, the self-interference (SI) power can be more than 100 dB higher than the power of the received data signal. In order to enable the FD transmission, several SI cancelation stages are needed in a FD transceiver. By combining the cancelation at the radio frequency (RF) with a specially designed antenna and cancelation circuitry and SI cancelation at the digital baseband, the required level of SI cancelation can be achieved even with a non-linear power amplifier. In this paper, a FD transceiver architecture is modeled with simulation tools that allow to use realistic antenna and analog transceiver models and at the same time enable algorithm studies. The analog SI cancelation at the RF is controlled by the baseband digital processing unit, and the tuning of the RF canceler is performed with an automatic gain control enhanced iterative algorithm. The combined cancelation performance of the antenna and RF canceler varies between 62 and 82 dB depending on the studied cases. The digital baseband SI cancelation is based on the Hammerstein model in order to take the power amplifier non-linearity into account. The coefficients of the Hammerstein model are estimated with a self-orthogonalizing adaptive algorithm. When realistic phase noise and IQ imbalance values are taken into account, the SI after all the cancelation stages can decrease the signal-to-interference-and-noise-ratio (SINR) by few decibels (dB). In order to further enhance the SI cancelation, the Hammerstein based SI canceler is extended to cancel also the effect of the receiver IQ imbalance. With the extended baseband canceler, the cancelation performance is mainly limited by the phase noise
Therapy-induced lipid uptake and remodeling underpin ferroptosis hypersensitivity in prostate cancer
Authors: Tousignant Kaylyn D. , Rockstroh Anja , Poad Berwyck L. J. , Talebi Ali , Young Reuben S. E. , Taherian Fard Atefeh , Gupta Rajesh , Zang Tuo , Wang Chenwei , Lehman Melanie L. , Swinnen Johan V. , Blanksby Stephen J. , Nelson Colleen C. , Sadowski Martin C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Metabolic reprograming, non-mutational epigenetic changes, increased cell plasticity, and multidrug tolerance are early hallmarks of therapy resistance in cancer. In this temporary, therapy-tolerant state, cancer cells are highly sensitive to ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death that is caused by oxidative stress through excess levels of iron-dependent peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). However, mechanisms underpinning therapy-induced ferroptosis hypersensitivity remain to be elucidated.

Methods
We used quantitative single-cell imaging of fluorescent metabolic probes, transcriptomics, proteomics, and lipidomics to perform a longitudinal analysis of the adaptive response to androgen receptor-targeted therapies (androgen deprivation and enzalutamide) in prostate cancer (PCa).

Results
We discovered that cessation of cell proliferation and a robust reduction in bioenergetic processes were associated with multidrug tolerance and a strong accumulation of lipids. The gain in lipid biomass was fueled by enhanced lipid uptake through cargo non-selective (macropinocytosis, tunneling nanotubes) and cargo-selective mechanisms (lipid transporters), whereas de novo lipid synthesis was strongly reduced. Enzalutamide induced extensive lipid remodeling of all major phospholipid classes at the expense of storage lipids, leading to increased desaturation and acyl chain length of membrane lipids. The rise in membrane PUFA levels enhanced membrane fluidity and lipid peroxidation, causing hypersensitivity to glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) inhibition and ferroptosis. Combination treatments against AR and fatty acid desaturation, lipase activities, or growth medium supplementation with antioxidants or PUFAs altered GPX4 dependence.

Conclusions
Our work provides mechanistic insight into processes of lipid metabolism that underpin the acquisition of therapy-induced GPX4 dependence and ferroptosis hypersensitivity to standard of care therapies in PCa. It demonstrates novel strategies to suppress the therapy-tolerant state that may have potential to delay and combat resistance to androgen receptor-targeted therapies, a currently unmet clinical challenge of advanced PCa. Since enhanced GPX4 dependence is an adaptive phenotype shared by several types of cancer in response to different therapies, our work might have universal implications for our understanding of metabolic events that underpin resistance to cancer therapies.
A self-management support intervention for patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled pilot trial
Authors: Jobst Stefan , Leppla Lynn , Köberich Stefan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia worldwide. Despite effective treatment, it is characterized by frequent recurrences. Optimal therapeutic management of AF requires active participation and self-management from patients. Two major components of self-management are self-monitoring and sign-and-symptom management. Pulse self-palpation (PSP) is a method of self-monitoring; however, not all AF patients are capable of successfully performing PSP. Due to a lack of interventions on this topic, a nurse-led intervention for patients with AF (PSPAF intervention) was developed to foster self-monitoring and to enhance self-management through PSP. The purpose of this pilot study was to test the acceptability, feasibility, and potential effects of this intervention on the capability of patients’ PSP and sign-and-symptom management. Moreover, we aimed at gathering data on the feasibility of applied research methods to aid in the design of future studies.

Methods
The pilot trial involved 20 adult patients with AF, randomized to an intervention or usual care group. At baseline and during a home visit 3–5 weeks later, we collected data using questionnaires, checklists, field notes, a mobile ECG device, and a diary. Acceptability and feasibility measures were validated through predefined cut-off points. Effect size estimates were expressed as relative risks (RR) and the number needed to treat (NNT).

Results
The PSPAF intervention seemed feasible, but only partly acceptable. There were limitations in terms of potential effectiveness, suitability, addressing participants’ willingness to implement its content in daily life, and adherence. Estimations of effect sizes suggest a large effect of the intervention on patients’ PSP capability (RR = 6.0; 95% CI = [0.83, 43.3]; NNT = 2.4), but almost no effect on sign-and-symptom management (RR = 1.5; 95% CI = [0.7, 3.1]; NNT = 4.0). The feasibility of applied research methods showed minor limitations on recruitment and participant burden.

Conclusions
Despite some limitations, the intervention seemed to be applicable and promising. Taking into account the suggestions and amendments we have made, we recommend conducting a full-scale trial to examine the efficacy of the PSPAF intervention.

Trial registration
This pilot study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register at September 4, 2017 (Main ID: DRKS00012808).
Lethal and sub-lethal effects of bio-and chemical insecticides on the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Authors: Kandil Mohamed A. , Abdel-kerim Rania N. , Moustafa Moataz A. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a destructive pest affecting the tomato crop causing a loss of 60–100% of the tomato crop production. In the present study, the lethal and sub-lethal effects of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), spinosad, and emamectin benzoate as bio-insecticides comparing with 2 synthetic insecticides: chlorpyrifos and indoxacarb against T. absoluta under laboratory conditions were evaluated. Take in consideration, life tables and reproductive parameters of treated larvae with LC30 for each pesticide (bio- and chemical insecticides) by using leaf dipping technique were calculated. The results showed that Lepinox formulation of Bt was the most effective one against the early 2nd instar larvae with 0.01 × 10−2 mg/l (ppm), followed by spinosad with 0.07 × 10−2 ppm comparing to indoxacarb and chlorpyrifos (0.01 and 11.44 μg/ml, respectively). Sub-lethal effect of the Bt formulations significantly increased pupal mortality by 29.77, 33.30, and 26.94% for Lepinox, Dipel 2×, and Protecto, respectively. In addition to their efficiency, Bt formulations and emamectin benzoate increased larval developmental period and reduced adult emergency percentage to 70.28, 66.70, 73.06, and 75.55% for Lepinox, Dipel 2×, Protecto, and emamectin benzoate, respectively. All bio-insecticides including Bt, spinosad, and emamectin benzoate caused abnormalities in different life stages. The results suggest these bio-insecticides are promising alternatives to synthetic insecticides for T. absoluta management.
Elderly patients with no previous psychiatric history: suicidality and other factors relating to psychiatric acute admissions
Authors: Lund-Heimark Hallvard , Kjelby Eirik , Mehlum Lars , Gjestad Rolf , Selbæk Geir , Kroken Rune Andreas , Johnsen Erik , Oedegaard Ketil Joachim , Mellesdal Liv S. 
Published: June 2020

Background
The common recommendation that adults with onset of mental illness after the age of 65 should receive specialised psychogeriatric treatment is based on limited evidence.

Aims
To compare factors related to psychiatric acute admission in older adults who have no previous psychiatric history (NPH) with that of those who have a previous psychiatric history (PPH).

Method
Cross-sectional cohort study of 918 patients aged ≥65 years consecutively admitted to a general adult psychiatric acute unit from 2005 to 2014.

Results
Patients in the NPH group (n = 526) were significantly older than those in the PPH group (n = 391) (77.6 v. 70.9 years P < 0.001), more likely to be men, married or widowed and admitted involuntarily. Diagnostic prevalence in the NPH and PPH groups were 49.0% v. 8.4% (P < 0.001) for organic mental disorders, 14.6% v. 30.4% (P < 0.001) for psychotic disorders, 30.2% v. 55.5% (P < 0.001) for affective disorders and 20.7% v. 13.3% (P = 0.003) for somatic disorders. The NPH group scored significantly higher on the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) items agitated behaviour; cognitive problems; physical illness or disability and problems with activities of daily living, whereas those in the PPH group scored significantly higher on depressed mood. Although the PPH group were more likely to report suicidal ideation, those in the NPH group were more likely to have made a suicide attempt before the admission.

Conclusions
Among psychiatric patients >65 years, the subgroup with NPH were characterised by more physical frailty, somatic comorbidity and functional and cognitive impairment as well as higher rates of preadmission suicide attempts. Admitting facilities should be appropriately suited to manage their needs.
Mental well-being and recovery in serious mental illness: associations between mental well-being and functional status in the Health Survey for England 2014
Authors: Chan Sarah , Weich Scott 
Published: June 2020

Background
Mental illness and mental well-being are independent but correlated dimensions of mental health. Both are associated with social functioning (in opposite directions), but it is not known whether they modify the effects of one another. New treatment targets might emerge if improving mental well-being in people with serious mental illness improved functional outcomes independent of clinical status.

Aims
To describe associations between mental well-being and functioning in people classified according to mental illness status.

Method
Cross-sectional data from 5485 respondents to the Health Survey for England 2014 were analysed. Mental illness status (including whether diagnosed by a professional) was by self-report and grouped into four categories, including ‘diagnosis of serious mental illness’. Mental well-being was measured using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale, and functioning by items from the EQ-5D. Mental distress was assessed using General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) items. Associations were examined using moderated regression models with group membership as an interaction term.

Results
Mental well-being score was associated with (higher) functioning score (P < 0.05). This association varied between mental illness groups, even after adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, physical health and symptoms of mental distress (F(3) = 14.60, P < 0.001). The gradient of this association was greatest for those with diagnosed serious mental illness.

Conclusions
Mental well-being was associated with higher functional status in people with mental illness, independent of the symptoms of mental distress and other confounders. The association was strongest in the diagnosed serious mental illness group, suggesting that mental well-being may be important in recovery from mental illness.
Exposure to Low Doses of Dechlorane Plus Promotes Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and Glucose Intolerance in Male Mice
Authors: Peshdary Vian , Styles George , Rigden Marc , Caldwell Don , Kawata Alice , Sorisky Alexander , Atlas Ella 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to increase worldwide. It is well established that genetic susceptibility, obesity, overnutrition and a sedentary life style are risk factors for the development of T2D. However, more recently, studies have also proposed links between exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and altered glucose metabolism. Human exposure to environmental pollutants that are suspected to have endocrine disruptor activity is ubiquitous. One such chemical is Dechlorane Plus (DP), a flame retardant, that is now detected in humans and the environment. Here we show that exposure of mice to low, environmentally relevant doses of DP promoted glucose intolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet independent of weight gain. Furthermore, DP had pronounced effects on the adipose tissue, where it induced the development of hypertrophied white adipose tissue (WAT), and increased serum levels of resistin, leptin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. In addition, DP exposure induced “whitening” of brown adipose tissue (BAT), and reduced BAT uncoupling protein 1 expression. Importantly, some of these effects occurred even when the mice were fed a regular, low-fat, diet. Finally, WAT adipogenic markers were reduced with DP treatment in the WAT. We also show that DP directly inhibited insulin signaling in murine adipocytes and human primary subcutaneous adipocytes in vitro. Taken together, our results show that the exposure to low and environmentally relevant levels of DP may contribute to the development of T2D.