bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent deletions in the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein drive antibody escape
Authors: McCarthy Kevin R. , Rennick Linda J. , Nambulli Sham , Robinson-McCarthy Lindsey R. , Bain William G. , Haidar Ghady , Duprex W. Paul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractZoonotic pandemics, like that caused by SARS-CoV-2, can follow the spillover of animal viruses into highly susceptible human populations. Their descendants have adapted to the human host and evolved to evade immune pressure. Coronaviruses acquire substitutions more slowly than other RNA viruses, due to a proofreading polymerase. In the spike glycoprotein, we find recurrent deletions overcome this slow substitution rate. Deletion variants arise in diverse genetic and geographic backgrounds, transmit efficiently, and are present in novel lineages, including those of current global concern. They frequently occupy recurrent deletion regions (RDRs), which map to defined antibody epitopes. Deletions in RDRs confer resistance to neutralizing antibodies. By altering stretches of amino acids, deletions appear to accelerate SARS-CoV-2 antigenic evolution and may, more generally, drive adaptive evolution.
The human hippocampus plays a time-limited role in retrieving autobiographical memories
Authors: Gilmore Adrian W. , Quach Alina , Kalinowski Sarah E. , Gonzalez-Araya Estefanía I. , Gotts Stephen J. , Schacter Daniel L. , Martin Alex 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThe necessity of the human hippocampus for remote autobiographical recall remains fiercely debated. The standard model of consolidation predicts a time-limited role for the hippocampus, but the competing multiple trace/trace transformation theories posit indefinite involvement. Lesion evidence remains inconclusive, and the inferences one can draw from fMRI have been limited by reliance on covert (silent) recall, which obscures dynamic, moment-to-moment content of retrieved memories. Here, we capitalized on advances in fMRI denoising to employ overtly spoken recall. Forty participants retrieved recent and remote memories, describing each for approximately two minutes. Details associated with each memory were identified and modeled in the fMRI timeseries data using a variant of the Autobiographical Interview procedure, and activity associated with the recall of recent and remote memories was then compared. Posterior hippocampal regions exhibited temporally-graded activity patterns (recent events > remote events), as did several regions of frontal and parietal cortex. Consistent with predictions of the standard model, recall-related hippocampal activity differed from a non-autobiographical control task only for recent, and not remote, events. Task-based connectivity between posterior hippocampal regions and others associated with mental scene construction also exhibited a temporal gradient, with greater connectivity accompanying the recall of recent events. These findings support predictions of the standard model of consolidation and demonstrate the potential benefits of overt recall in neuroimaging experiments.
Numerical investigation of the effect of the injection angle on the spray structures of an air-blast atomizer
Authors: Chen Sheng , Xing Yuming , Liu Xin , Zhao Liang 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the injection angle α on the spray structures of an air-blast atomizer and help enhance the understanding of droplet-gas mixing process in such atomizers in the engineering domain.

Design/methodology/approach
The phenomena in the air-blast atomizer were numerically modelled using the computational fluid dynamics software Fluent 17.2. The Euler-Lagrange approach was applied to model the droplet tracking and droplet-gas interaction in studied cases. The standard k-ε model was used to simulate the turbulent flow. A model with a modified drag coefficient was used to consider the effects of the bending of the liquid column and its penetration in the primary breakup region. The Kelvin-Helmholtz, Rayleigh-Taylor model was applied to consider the secondary breakup of the droplets.

Findings
The basic spatial distribution and spray structures of the droplets corresponding to the angled liquid jet (α = 60°) were similar to those reported in liquid jets injected transversely into a gaseous crossflow studies. The injection angle α did not considerably influence the averaged Sauter to mean diameter (SMD) of the cross-sections. However, the spray structures pertaining to α = 30°, α = 60° and α = 90° were considerably different. In the case of the atomizer with multiple injections, a “collision region” was observed at α = 60° and characterized by a higher ci and larger averaged SMD in the central parts of the cross-sections.

Originality/value
The injection angle α is a key design parameter for air-blast atomizers. The findings of this study can help enhance the understanding of the droplet-gas mixing process in air-blast atomizers. Engineers who design air-blast atomizers and face new challenges in the process can refer to the presented findings to obtain the desired atomization performance. The code has been validated and can be used in the engineering design process of the gas-liquid jet atomizer.
Social and health sector reform towards 2040 in Japan
Authors: Hasegawa Tomonori , Matsumoto Kunichika , Onishi Ryo , Hirata Koki 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the health sector reform toward 2040 of Japan as a super-aged society.Design/methodology/approachThis paper discusses the current healthcare policies adopted in Japan and projects the challenges in future as a super-aged society.FindingsThrough Japanese experiences, it is considered that Community-based Integrated Care System is useful, which takes into account the perspective of health care users. Being a super-aged society, it is essential for Japan to have more consensus by further removing obstacles, and paying attention to the change of paradigm and the purpose of care.Originality/valueBased on the case of Japan, this paper serves as a reference for other East Asian countries, which would sooner or later encounter the similar situation of becoming super-aged societies in the 21st century.
Diffuse dermal mucinosis secondary to colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor monoclonal antibody treatment: A novel and peculiar drug‐induced diffuse cutaneous mucinosis
Authors: Olmos‐Alpiste Ferran , Segura Sonia , Tomás‐Velázquez Alejandra , Aguado Leyre , España Agustín , Arriola Edurne , Martín‐Algarra Salvador , Barranco Carlos , Lloreta Josep , Pujol Ramon M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractColony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitors represent a new class of immune‐modulatory drugs, mostly investigated in clinical trials in different malignant neoplasms. Four patients, diagnosed with recurrent or advanced malignant neoplasm and treated with a combination of anti‐programmed death ligand 1 and anti‐CSF1R monoclonal antibodies, developed an asymptomatic cutaneous eruption characterized by an ill‐defined pseudoedematous to waxy diffuse infiltration with a reticular cobblestone‐like pattern. Histopathological examination revealed diffuse mucin deposition involving the superficial and mid‐dermis with fragmented and scattered elastic fibers. The exact pathogenic mechanisms implicated in the development of mucin deposits in patients treated with CSF1R inhibitors remain to be elucidated. A reduced degradation and clearance of components of the extracellular matrix by macrophages secondary to CSF1 pathway inhibition may be hypothesized. Shredding and fragmentation of elastic fibers may be a result of the increased accumulation of mucopolysaccharides. This observation illustrates the new spectrum of skin‐related toxicities secondary to new targeting therapies. This may contribute to a better understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms in skin diseases characterized by a persistent dermal glycosaminoglycan deposition.
Functional group changes and chemical bond‐dependent dielectric properties of lotus seed flour with microwave vacuum drying
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Zheng Baodong , Tian Yuting 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicrowave vacuum drying (MVD) was applied to dehydrate lotus (Nelumbo nuciferaGaertn.) seeds. This paper evaluated the changes of molecular, crystalline, and morphological structural properties of lotus seeds after MVD. The results showed the frequency of δ(CH) bending, β(CH), ν(OH), and carbon–oxygen double bonds (C = O) increased with increasing microwave power density. Moreover, as microwave power density increased, the transition enthalpy of crystallinity gradually increased, which was related to the formation of crystalline starch, re‐crystallization, and complexes of starch–lipid structure depending on the hydrogen bonds formed. The MVD process resulted molecular polarity of lotus seeds, whereas the dielectric properties also changed. The dielectric properties interacted with the changes of molecules and crystalline structure. The morphology of lotus seed flour changed because the shape of starch granules was disrupted and the granules became aggregated with nonstarch components as the microwave power density increased. All these results explain the interactions among polymer molecules in lotus seeds dried by MVD.
Distinguishing between long‐term‐stored and fresh chili pepper powder through fingerprinting of volatiles by headspace capillary‐gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Hwang In Min , Park Boyeon , Yang Ji‐Su , Ha Ji‐Hyoung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLong‐term storage of chili pepper powder results in physicochemical and microbiological changes that decrease its commercial value; these changes occur owing to fungal growth and production of off‐flavor compounds. Herein, long‐term‐stored chili pepper powder (LSCPP) and fresh chili pepper powder (FCPP) were analyzed using internal transcribed spacer sequencing and volatile organic compound fingerprinting by headspace capillary‐gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry. Fungal analysis detected only Xeromyces bisporus with high accuracy in all the analyzed LSCPP samples. However, the proliferation of X. bisporus on nonspecific spots complicated the distinguishing process between the two groups based solely on fungal analysis. Therefore, nine compounds (three ketones, one alcohol, two aldehydes, one ester, one furan, and one sulfur compound) obtained by autoxidation and fungal metabolism were selected as potential markers for distinguishing LSCPP and FCPP. These above‐mentioned substances, which were confirmed as off‐flavor species owing to “stale” odor, emitted lipid fragrance and were used to successfully distinguish LSCPP from FCPP using principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis.Practical ApplicationAccording to the research results, it was possible to discriminate between long‐term stored and fresh chili pepper powders using nine VOC markers for quality control in industry. In addition, the fungus generated from long‐term storage of chili pepper powder was Xeromyces bisporus, which was confirmed to be safe for intake because it does not form secondary toxic metabolites.
Antiquitas non fingo: Newton, the Moderns and the Science of Ancient History
Authors: Mattana Alessio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn his posthumous The Chronology of the Ancient Kingdoms Amended (1728) Isaac Newton re‐dated a number of significant events in ancient history, most importantly the Argonautic expedition and the Fall of Troy. This article explores the eighteenth‐century reception of the Chronology as a text contiguous with Newton's previous works on natural philosophy. In particular, it will be argued that the Chronology was considered as proof that the moderns had made history into a scientific discipline based on principles like those delineated in Newton's Principia.
From Classification to Recreated ‘Reality’: William Bullock's Exhibitions of Human and Natural History
Authors: Pearce Susan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn his London Museum (1809), William Bullock organised displays of his animal collections into family and contextual groups within re‐creations of their natural surroundings. Subsequently his displays of Saami material re‐created its social environment. Bullock’s exhibitions signal a significant moment in the movement from the Linnaean‐style classification of natural material by appearance to explanation of it through contextual and inherent qualities. A new kind of meaning was generated, bringing together the natural and the antiquarian in showing that the same approach transformed understanding of both. It shifted emphasis from eighteenth‐century natural philosophy towards nineteenth‐century science, both natural and human.
Eltrombopag preferentially expands haematopoietic multipotent progenitors in human aplastic anaemia
Authors: Quintino de Oliveira Bruno , Catto Luiz F. B. , Santana Bárbara A. A. , Tellechea M. Florencia , Scheucher Priscila S. , Scheinberg Phillip , Calado Rodrigo T. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryEltrombopag has been added to first‐line treatment of immune aplastic anaemia (AA), resulting in higher responses. We analysed marrow samples of AA patients who responded to immunosuppressive therapy (IST) alone or in combination with eltrombopag for the composition of the haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) compartment. The number of CD34+ cells and multipotent progenitors was higher in patients treated with eltrombopag (P < 0·005; P < 0·05; respectively), but not the number of stem cells. No aberrant phenotype was observed. These results indicate that eltrombopag augments CD34+ cells in vivo and preferentially expands multipotent progenitors, but not stem cells.
Antitumor effects of novel mAbs against cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1) on human CRC with amplified CAT1 gene
Authors: Okita Kouki , Hara Yuta , Okura Hiroshi , Hayashi Hidemi , Sasaki Yoko , Masuko Sachiko , Kitadai Eri , Masuko Kazue , Yoshimoto Soshi , Hayashi Natsumi , Sugiura Reiko , Endo Yuichi , Okazaki Shogo , Arai Sayaka , Yoshioka Toshiaki , Matsumoto Toshiharu , Makino Yasutaka , Komiyama Hiromitsu , Sakamoto Kazuhiro , Masuko Takashi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCopy number alterations detected by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) can lead to the identification of novel cancer‐related genes. We analyzed chromosomal aberrations in a set of 100 human primary colorectal cancers (CRCs) using CGH and found a solute carrier (SLC) 7A1 gene, which encodes cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1) with 14 putative transmembrane domains, in a chromosome region (13q12.3) with a high frequency of gene amplifications. SLC7A1/CAT1 is a transporter responsible for the uptake of cationic amino acids (arginine, lysine, and ornithine) essential for cellular growth. Microarray and PCR analyses have revealed that mRNA transcribed from CAT1 is overexpressed in more than 70% of human CRC samples, and RNA interference–mediated knockdown of CAT1 inhibited the cell growth of CRCs. Rats were immunized with rat hepatoma cells expressing CAT1 tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP), and rat splenocytes were fused with mouse myeloma cells. Five rat monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (CA1 ~ CA5) reacting with HEK293 cells expressing CAT1‐GFP in a GFP expression–dependent manner were selected from established hybridoma clones. Novel anti‐CAT1 mAbs selectively reacted with human CRC tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues according to immuno‐histochemical staining and bound strongly to numerous human cancer cell lines by flow cytometry. Anti‐CAT1 mAbs exhibited internalization activity, antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and migration inhibition activity against CRC cell lines. Furthermore, CA2 inhibited the in vivo growth of human HT29 and SW‐C4 CRC tumors in nude mice. This study suggested CAT1 to be a promising target for mAb therapy against CRCs.
Implant and prosthesis survival rates of full‐arch immediate prostheses supported by implants with and without bicortical anchorage: Up to 2 years of follow‐up retrospective study
Authors: Thomé Geninho , Caldas Waleska , Bernardes Sergio Rocha , Cartelli Carolina Accorsi , Gracher Ana Helena Pereira , Trojan Larissa Carvalho 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo compare implant and prosthesis survival rates between full‐arch immediate prostheses supported by 4 hydrophilic implants with bicortical anchorage and by 5 or 6 hydrophilic implants placed without bicortical anchorage.Material and MethodsThe sample was retrospectively selected and comprised completely edentulous patients treated with full‐arch immediate prostheses supported by Morse Taper hydrophilic implants. The selected patients were divided into four groups, according to the region of implant placement and type of anchorage. Differences in implant and prosthesis survival rates between groups, as well as the influence of bicortical anchorage on implant primary stability, were verified using Fisher's exact tests (significant at p < .05).ResultsThe sample comprised 392 implants, 72 were placed in the maxilla with bicortical anchorage, and 85 were placed without. In the mandible, 140 implants were placed with and 95 were placed without bicortical anchorage. The follow‐up period was up to 24 months. A 98.8% implant survival rate was observed for the group of implants placed without bicortical anchorage in the maxilla, and of 100% for the other groups. The overall implant survival rate was 99.7% (391 of 392 implants). Prosthesis survival rate was 100% for all groups. No differences were observed between groups with respect to implant and prosthesis survival rates. Significantly higher primary stability was observed for implants placed with bicortical anchorage in both jaws.ConclusionPredictable results and high survival rates were achieved within the period evaluated by the present retrospective study, with immediate full‐arch prostheses when only four hydrophilic implants are placed bicortically.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor is associated with sarcopenia and frailty in Japanese hemodialysis patients
Authors: Miyazaki Satoru , Iino Noriaki , Koda Ryo , Narita Ichiei , Kaneko Yoshikatsu 
Published: November 2020

AimWe evaluated several sarcopenia‐related hormones, cytokines and uremic toxins to identify the humoral factors associated with sarcopenia and frailty in Japanese hemodialysis patients.MethodsTwenty Japanese patients aged ≥65 years who underwent maintenance hemodialysis therapy at Uonuma Kikan Hospital for more than 6 months were included in this retrospective cross‐sectional study. Clinical data, including physical function and mental state, were obtained from the clinical records collected during the regular evaluation at the beginning of each hemodialysis therapy session, 3 days after the previous hemodialysis therapy. The diagnosis of sarcopenia and frailty was based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 and the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study, respectively. The mental state of patients was evaluated using the Japanese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (J‐PHQ‐9).ResultsIn univariate analyses, plasma brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were significantly lower in patients with severe sarcopenia and frailty. The plasma BDNF concentration was correlated with muscle strength and physical performances, such as the 6‐m walk test, Short Physical Performance Battery and 5‐time chair stand test. BDNF was also correlated with body weight, hemodialysis vintage, and serum levels of total protein and indoxyl sulfate but not with body mass index, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, serum interleukin 6 levels, or J‐PHQ‐9 scores. The odds ratio per 100 pg/mL of BDNF for the prevalence of frailty was 0.353.ConclusionsBDNF is associated with decreased physical performance and the prevalence of severe sarcopenia and frailty in Japanese maintenance hemodialysis patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 27–33.
Healthcare delivery for HIV‐positive people with tuberculosis in Europe
Authors: Bentzon AK , Panteleev A , Mitsura V , Borodulina E , Skrahina A , Denisova E , Tetradov S , Podlasin R , Riekstina V , Kancauskiene Z , Paduto D , Mocroft A , Trofimova T , Miller R , Post F , Grezesczuk A , Lundgren JD , Inglot M , Podlekareva D , Bolokadze N , Kirk O ,   the TB:HIV Study Group
Published: November 2020

BackgroundIn a 2013 survey, we reported distinct discrepancies in delivery of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV services in eastern Europe (EE) vs. western Europe (WE).ObjectivesTo verify the differences in TB and HIV services in EE vs. WE.MethodsTwenty‐three sites completed a survey in 2018 (EE, 14; WE, nine; 88% response rate). Results were compared across as well as within the two regions. When possible, results were compared with the 2013 survey.ResultsDelivery of healthcare was significantly less integrated in EE: provision of TB and HIV services at one site (36% in EE vs. 89% in WE; P = 0.034), and continued TB follow‐up in one location (42% vs. 100%; P = 0.007). Although access to TB diagnostics, standard TB and HIV drugs was generally good, fewer sites in EE reported unlimited access to rifabutin/multi‐drug‐resistant TB (MDR‐TB) drugs, HIV integrase inhibitors and opioid substitution therapy (OST). Compared with 2013, routine usage of GeneXpert was more common in EE in 2018 (54% vs. 92%; P = 0.073), as was access to moxifloxacin (46% vs. 91%; P = 0.033), linezolid (31% vs. 64%; P = 0.217), and bedaquiline (0% vs. 25%; P = 0.217). Integration of TB and HIV services (46% vs. 39%; P = 1.000) and provision of OST to patients with opioid dependency (54% vs. 46%; P = 0.695) remained unchanged.ConclusionDelivery of TB and HIV healthcare, including integration of TB and HIV care and access to MDR‐TB drugs, still differs between WE and EE, as well as between individual EE sites.
Effect of a motivational video on flossing behaviour: A pilot study
Authors: Özyemişci Nuran , Turgut Çankaya Zeynep 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesMotivational interviews used for health behavioural change requires several sessions and expert consultations. A practical method is needed to promote oral hygiene habits. The aim of the study was to develop a video as a new motivational intervention method combining several health behaviour change theories to improve flossing behaviour.MethodsA questionnaire about individual psychosocial characteristics was conducted to 30 volunteer dental patients. Plaque index (PI) scores were calculated and a video about flossing was shown the patients. The second PI measurements were performed after 2 months. The video including flossing instructions and expressions of performers acting dental patients was produced to test as a motivational method. Cues used in the video were generated according to health behaviour change theories and models under the supervision of an expert team. Content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (I‐CVI) of the video and reliability of the questionnaire was determined. First and second PI scores were compared to assess the effect of the video. Correlation between answers of the questionnaire and PI changes were tested.ResultsThe average I‐CVIs of the video was 0.93, CVR of video items was 1, I‐CVIs of 5 items was 80% and of 10 was 100%. Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaire was 0.93. PI scores significantly decreased after 2 months (p < 0.001).ConclusionA single session motivational intervention via a video based on health psychological models and theories was efficacious in improving oral hygiene and flossing behaviour in the short term.