bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Systems for CO2 With a Natural Gas Combined Cycle Operating at Part Load
Authors: Flores Robert , Brouwer Jack 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Traditional carbon capture technology has been shown to effectively capture emissions, but at a cost of reducing power plant output. Molten carbonate fuel cell technology (MCFC) has the potential to be able to concentrate plant carbon emissions into a gas stream that is suitable for storage while boosting total plant power output. When considering this type of technology, the original purpose and function of the power plant must be considered. In particular, gas turbines (GT) based natural gas combined cycle (NGCC), which are capable of dynamic load following operation, are likely to need to maintain operational flexibility. This work explores the retrofit of an existing GT with MCFC technology for carbon capture when the plant is operated at part load. Physical models for major plant components are built and used to select optimal operating set points such that operating cost is minimized. Special attention is given to ensuring feasible operation across all engine components. The results show MCFC operational parameters that minimize change in fuel cell operating conditions when the gas turbine is operated at part load.
Efficiency Improvement of a Liquid Piston Compressor Using Metal Wire Mesh
Authors: Patil Vikram C. , Liu Jun , Ro Paul I. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Intermittent nature of power from renewable energy resources demands a large scale energy storage system for their optimal utilization. Compressed air energy storage systems have the potential to serve as long-term large-scale energy storage systems. Efficient compressors are needed to realize a high storage efficiency with compressed air energy storage systems. Liquid piston compressor is highly effective in achieving efficient near-isothermal compression. Compression efficiency of the liquid piston can be improved with the use of heat transfer enhancement mechanisms inside the compression chamber. A high rate of heat transfer can be achieved with the use of metal wire mesh in the liquid piston compressor. In this study, metal wire meshes of aluminum and copper materials in the form of Archimedean spiral are experimentally tested in a liquid (water) piston compressor. Experiments are conducted for the compression of air from atmospheric pressure to 280–300 kPa pressure at various stroke times of compression. The peak air temperature is reduced by 26–33K with the use of metal wire mesh inside the liquid piston compressor. Both the materials are observed to be equally effective for temperature abatement. The use of metal wire mesh in liquid piston shifts the compression process towards near-isothermal conditions. Furthermore, the isothermal efficiency of compression is evaluated to assess the potential of efficiency improvement with this technique. The metal wire mesh was observed to improve isothermal compression efficiency to 88–90% from the base efficiency of 82–84%. A 6–7% improvement in efficiency was observed at faster compression strokes signifying effectiveness of metal wire mesh to accomplish efficient compression with high power density. Further investigations to evaluate the optimal configuration of the metal wire mesh will be useful to achieve additional improvement in efficiency.
Artificial Intelligence for Optimal Sitting of Individual and Networks of Wind Farms
Authors: Hekmati Athar Seyyed Pooya , Ziaei Dorsa , Goudarzi Navid 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Renewable Energy (RE)-based power production often comes with certain challenges in variability and uncertainty of generated electricity. One promising solution to tackle these challenges is developing a network of RE power plants with sites located far enough from each other that experience different weather patterns. Most of the site selection-related literature use Geographical Information Systems to determine the studied site RE suitability. This work converts the site selection into a numerical problem through a novel Networked Renewable Power Plant Site Selection model and solves it by employing optimization techniques. To enhance the accuracy of the results, it compares a set of criteria for individual and network of sites at different regions to determine the exact locations for RE plant developments. The Analytical Hierarchy Process is used for criteria weighing. The state-of-the-art meta-heuristic Bare Bones of Fireworks algorithm offer a simple, fast, yet accurate approach to solve the optimization. The proposed method is applied on North Carolina wind farms for both individual and a network of sites. The results identified the areas with the highest wind capacity potential for individual or a network of wind farms in North Carolina. The identified suitable areas were verified with Amazon Wind Farm US East.
Gas Turbine and Combined Cycle Generator Dewpoints: Worse Than Expected
Authors: Warren Ted , Ketchem James Dustin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Many hydrogen cooled generators operate with no hydrogen dryer.
Plant personnel offer a variety of reasons:
• The OEM didn’t supply a dryer to begin with.
• Manual Reactivations are too labor intensive.
• Don’t think their generator is wet.
• Because they have a Gas Turbine (no steam), they don’t think there is anywhere for the hydrogen to pick up moisture.
• Don’t think moisture matters.
• Purity is good so everything must be fine.
• They employ “Bleed and Feed” or “Scavenging” to deal with purity / moisture issues.
Generator manufacturers recommend keeping the hydrogen dry. We had a theory that many generators were much wetter than was realized or recommended by the manufacturers. We took portable dewpoint analyzers to the plants to test the actual dewpoint of the hydrogen.
This paper presents our results.
Over 90% of the generators tested were found to have hydrogen dewpoints higher than the generator manufacturer’s recommendation.
Intermediate-term outcomes of pars plana tube insertion of Aurolab aqueous drainage implant for refractory glaucoma
Authors: Babu Naresh , Baliga Girish , Wijesinghe Hiruni Kaushalya , Puthuran George Varghese 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
To report the safety and efficacy of parsplana tube insertion of Aurolab aqueous drainage implant(AADI) in patients with refractory glaucoma.

Methods

Charts of patients with refractory glaucoma who underwent AADI via the parsplana route between June 2014 and June 2018with a minimum follow-up of 6 months were retrospectively reviewed. Success was defined as complete when the intraocular pressure (IOP) was ≥5 and18 mmHg or IOP reduction was
>
30%from baseline without antiglaucoma medication (AGM) andas qualified if requiring additional AGMs.

Results
The study included 63 eyes of 63 patients with a mean age of 36.1±20.6 years and a mean follow-up of 19.7±15.7 months. Glaucoma postvitreoretinal surgery was the the most common aetiology (22 eyes, 35%). The mean IOP reduced from 36.6±10.7 mmHg to15.7±8.2 (57.1%), 15.02±7.3 (60%) and 17.2±8.5 mmHg (53%)at 6 months and 1 and 2 years, respectively. Kaplan-Meier estimates showed that the cumulative probabilities of failure were 8% (95% CI4.3% to 22.4%) at 6 months, 23% (95%CI12.8% to 38.6%) at 1 year, 30% (95%CI17.4% to 45.9%) at 18 months and 47% (95% CI13.4% to 64.9%) at the 2 years time points.Vitreous blocking tube tip was noted up to 8% of eyes on follow-up.

Conclusion
Pars plana AADI insertion is a useful procedure for the control of IOP in patients with refractory glaucoma.
Adult-onset autoimmune-type enteropathy: potential relationship to an adverse drug reaction
Authors: Chetty Runjan , Cino Maria , Okrainec Allan 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo describe an example of adult-onset autoimmune enteropathy (AIE) that coincided with drug-induced reaction.DesignA 54-year-old patient was presented with Stevens-Johnson syndrome after a course of quinolones. This was followed shortly thereafter by epigastric pain, diarrhoea and weight loss. She also developed an autoimmune neutropenia.ResultsSeveral biopsies were performed from the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The duodenal biopsies showed intraepithelial lymphocytosis; therefore, coeliac disease was considered. However, confirmatory serology was negative and the patient did not respond to a gluten-free/gliadin-free diet. Both upper and lower GIT biopsies consistently showed an absence of goblet cells resembling the changes of an AIE.ConclusionThis is an unusual case of autoimmune-pattern enteropathy in an adult that was potentially drug-induced.
Combined effect of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for colorectal cancer risk in a pooled analysis of 11 population-based studies
Authors: Wang Xiaoliang , O'Connell Kelli , Jeon Jihyoun , Song Mingyang , Hunter David , Hoffmeister Michael , Lin Yi , Berndt Sonja , Brenner Hermann , Chan Andrew T , Chang-Claude Jenny , Gong Jian , Gunter Marc J , Harrison Tabitha A , Hayes Richard B , Joshi Amit , Newcomb Polly , Schoen Robert , Slattery Martha L , Vargas Ashley , Potter John D , Le Marchand Loic , Giovannucci Edward , White Emily , Hsu Li , Peters Ulrike , Du Mengmeng 
Published: December 2019

Objective‘Environmental’ factors associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk include modifiable and non-modifiable variables. Whether those with different non-modifiable baseline risks will benefit similarly from reducing their modifiable CRC risks remains unclear.DesignUsing 7945 cases and 8893 controls from 11 population-based studies, we combined 17 risk factors to characterise the overall environmental predisposition to CRC (environmental risk score (E-score)). We estimated the absolute risks (ARs) of CRC of 10 and 30 years across E-score using incidence-rate data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results programme. We then combined the modifiable risk factors and estimated ARs across the modifiable risk score, stratified by non-modifiable risk profile based on genetic predisposition, family history and height.ResultsHigher E-score was associated with increased CRC risk (ORquartile, 1.33; 95% CI 1.30 to 1.37). Across E-scores, 30-year ARs of CRC increased from 2.5% in the lowest quartile (Q1) to 5.9% in the highest (Q4) quartile for men, and from 2.1% to 4.5% for women. The modifiable risk score had a stronger association in those with high non-modifiable risk (relative excess risk due to interaction=1.2, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.9). For those in Q4 of non-modifiable risk, a decrease in modifiable risk reduced 30-year ARs from 8.9% to 3.4% for men and from 6.0% to 3.2% for women, a level lower or comparable to the average population risk.ConclusionsChanges in modifiable risk factors may result in a substantial decline in CRC risk in both sexes. Those with high inherited risk may reap greater benefit from lifestyle modifications. Our results suggested comprehensive evaluation of environmental factors may facilitate CRC risk stratification.
DHOW2 score leads to significant improvement in acute stroke care management emergency department: a prospective analysis
Authors: Akhtar Naveed , Salam Abdul , Bourke Paula , Kamran Saadat , Bhutta Zain , Joseph Sujatha , Santos Mark , Morgan Deborah , Thomas Stephen , Ajwad Butt Adeel , Shuaib Ashfaq 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundDelays in transfer of patients from emergency department (ED) to stroke ward increases medical complications. We evaluate if a new risk-score ‘DHOW2’ (dysphagia, hemiplegia, observation-required, wet (incontinence) and weight) will identify high-risk patients and whether expedited admission of ‘high-DHOW2’ score patients to SW will result in fewer complications.MethodsThe DHOW2 score was designed to determine risk of complications following acute stroke. Phase I (279 patients) tested rates of complications with increasing DHOW2. Phase II (1091 patients), evaluated if early admission to the SW of high-DHOW2 patients will lead to fewer complications. Phase III (1257 patients) monitored implementation of the DHOW2 following completion of the study.FindingsMedical complications increased with higher-DHOW2 scores during all three phases; 0%–0.8% with DHOW2 of ≤3, 3.1%–6.5% with DHOW2 of 4–5 and 10.9%–14.1% with DHOW2 of ≥6 (p=<0.001). In phase II, more high-DHOW2 patients were admitted expeditiously to the SW from ED resulting in fewer complications, and fewer deaths. The odds of medical complications with DHOW2 of ≥6 was 36.8–58.3 compared with DHOW2 of ≤3. Expedited SW admission of ‘high-DHOW2 patients’ to within 8 hours reduced the development of complications to odds of 19.18–30.17 (p<0.001).InterpretationsThe DHOW2 score detects patients at risk of AS related medical complications. It is easy to implement in busy EDs where nurses can use the score to identify such patients. The risk stratification by DHOW2 and early transfer of high-scoring patients to SW is associated with significantly fewer complications.
Combination of pembrolizumab and BCG treatment after endoscopic ablation of high-risk superficial upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma in patients not candidates for radical nephroureterectomy: protocol for phase-II study
Authors: Jamil Marcus L , Deebajah Mustafa , Sood Akshay , Alanee Shaheen 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionThe treatment standard for high-risk upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUTUC) is radical nephroureterectomy. However, some patients may be unfit or unwilling, and in such patients the available alternatives are suboptimal. Therapies targeting the programmed death (PD) pathway have shown promise in urothelial carcinom (UC). We designed the current study to determine the safety and efficacy of administering MK-3475 (a monoclonal antibody targeting interaction between PD-1 and its ligand) in combination with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in high-risk non-muscle invasive UUTUC patients.MethodsThis represents a single-centre phase-II efficacy study of MK-3475 therapy in combination with BCG for subjects, 18 years of age or older, with pathologically documented non-muscle invasive high-risk UUTUC unfit or unwilling to be treated with radical nephroureterectomy. Twenty subjects will be enrolled; patients will receive treatment with 200 mg of MK-3475 every 21 days, starting 2 weeks from the initial endoscopic resection and continuing for 6 weeks after the final dose of BCG. The primary objective is to determine the safety and efficacy of administering MK-3475 at a fixed dose of 200 mg every 3 weeks in conjunction with intrapelvic BCG. Secondary objectives include 19 week and the 3, 12 and 24-month post-treatment completion complete response and progression-free rate assessments.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Henry Ford Hospital. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at a scientific conference.Trial registration numberNCT03345134
Mapping the preclinical to clinical evidence and development trajectory of the oncolytic virus talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC): a systematic review
Authors: Lalu Manoj , Leung Garvin J , Dong Yuan Yi , Montroy Joshua , Butler Claire , Auer Rebecca C , Fergusson Dean A 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to conduct a systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence to chart the successful trajectory of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) from the bench to the clinic.DesignThis study was a systematic review. The primary outcome of interest was the efficacy of treatment, determined by complete response. Abstract and full-text selection as well as data extraction were done by two independent reviewers. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias in studies.SettingEmbase, Embase Classic and OvidMedline were searched from inception until May 2016 to assess its development trajectory to approval in 2015.ParticipantsPreclinical and clinical controlled comparison studies, as well as observational studies.InterventionsT-VEC for the treatment of any malignancy.Results8852 records were screened and five preclinical (n=150 animals) and seven clinical studies (n=589 patients) were included. We saw large decreases in T-VEC’s efficacy as studies moved from the laboratory to patients, and as studies became more methodologically rigorous. Preclinical studies reported complete regression rates up to 100% for injected tumours and 80% for contralateral tumours, while the highest degree of efficacy seen in the clinical setting was a 24% complete response rate, with one study experiencing a complete response rate of 0%. We were unable to reliably assess safety due to the lack of reporting, as well as the heterogeneity seen in adverse event definitions. All preclinical studies had high or unclear risk of bias, and all clinical studies were at a high risk of bias in at least one domain.ConclusionsOur findings illustrate that even successful biotherapeutics may not demonstrate a clear translational road map. This emphasises the need to consider increasing rigour and transparency along the translational pathway.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016043541.
Design, development and randomised controlled trial of a smartphone application, ‘QinTB’, for smoking cessation in tuberculosis patients: study protocol
Authors: Lin Haoxiang , Lin Yan , Zheng Yunting , Liu Zhao , Chang Chun 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionProviding smoking cessation treatment is an important intervention for tuberculosis (TB) patients. Mobile technologies, such as smartphone applications, have shown promising potential. However, there are few effective applications that could support TB patients in their efforts to quit smoking. To address this problem, we will develop a smartphone application ‘QinTB’ to help TB patients quit smoking, and we will evaluate the clinical efficacy of this application by using a randomised controlled trial (RCT).Methods and analysisThis is a two-step study. In the first step, we will develop a smartphone application based on an interactive application of the transtheoretical model and protection motivation theory. Then, we will perform an RCT using a two-arm design; a total of 400 patients will be randomly assigned to the application group or the doctors’ advice group; both treatments will be 6 months and follow-up will be 12 months; the primary outcome is the biochemically verified 6 month sustained abstinence rate; data will be analysed on an intention-to-treat basis.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Research Institute for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention. We will disseminate the findings of this study through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberThis study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900022008) and the stage is Pre-results.
Cohort profile: HealthWise Wales. A research register and population health data platform with linkage to National Health Service data sets in Wales
Authors: Hurt Lisa , Ashfield-Watt Pauline , Townson Julia , Heslop Luke , Copeland Lauren , Atkinson Mark D , Horton Jeffrey , Paranjothy Shantini 
Published: December 2019

PurposeRecruitment and follow-up in epidemiological studies are time-consuming and expensive. Combining online data collection with a register of individuals who agree to be contacted about research opportunities provides an efficient, cost-effective platform for population-based research. HealthWise Wales (HWW) aims to facilitate research by recruiting a cohort of individuals who have consented to be informed about research projects, advertising studies to participants, supporting data collection on specific topics and providing access to linked healthcare data for secondary analyses. In this paper, we describe the design of the project, ongoing data collection, methods of data linkage to routine healthcare records, baseline characteristics of participants, the strengths and limitations of the register, and the ways in which the project can support researchers.ParticipantsAdults (aged 16 years and above) living or receiving their healthcare in Wales are eligible for inclusion. Participants consent to be contacted for follow-up data collection and for their details to be used to access their routinely collected National Health Service records for research purposes. Data are collected using a web-based application, with new questionnaires added every 6 months. Data collection on sociodemographic and lifestyle factors is repeated at intervals of 2–3 years. Recruitment is ongoing, with 21 779 participants alive and currently registered.Findings to date99% of participants have complete information on age and sex, and 64% have completed questionnaires on sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. These data can be linked with national health databases within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank, with 93% of participants matching a record in SAIL. HWW has facilitated the recruitment of 43 826 participants to 15 different studies.Future plansThe medium-term goal for the project is to enrol at least 50 000 adults. Recruitment strategies are being devised to achieve a study sample that closely models the population of Wales. Potential biosampling methods are also currently being explored.
Effectiveness of home or hospital initiation of treatment at diagnosis for children with type 1 diabetes (DECIDE trial): a multicentre individually randomised controlled trial
Authors: Gregory John W , Townson Julia , Channon Sue , Cohen David , Longo Mirella , Davies Justin , Harman Nicola , Hood Kerenza , Pickles Timothy , Playle Rebecca , Randell Tabitha , Robling Michael , Touray Morro , Trevelyan Nicola , Warner Justin , Lowes Lesley 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo determine whether, in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes who were not acutely unwell, management at home for initiation of insulin treatment and education of the child and family, would result in improved clinical and psychological outcomes at 2 years postdiagnosis.DesignA multicentre randomised controlled trial (January 2008/October 2013).SettingEight paediatric diabetes centres in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.Participants203 clinically well children aged under 17 years, with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and their carers.InterventionManagement of the initiation period from diagnosis at home, for a minimum of 3 days, to include at least six supervised injections and delivery of pragmatic educational care.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome was glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration at 24 months postdiagnosis. Secondary outcomes included coping, anxiety, quality of life and use of NHS resources.Results203 children, newly diagnosed, were randomised to commence management at home (n=101) or in hospital (n=102). At the 24 month primary end point, there was one withdrawal and a follow-up rate of 194/202 (96%). Mean HbA1c in the home treatment arm was 72.1 mmol/mol and in the hospital treated arm 72.6 mmol/mol. There was a negligible difference between the mean HbA1c levels in the two arms adjusted for baseline (1.01, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.09). There were mostly no differences in secondary outcomes at 24 months, apart from better child self-esteem in the home-arm. No home-arm children were admitted to hospital during initiation and there were no adverse events at that time. The number of investigations was higher in hospital patients during the follow-up period. There were no differences in insulin regimens between the two arms.ConclusionsThere is no evidence of a difference between home-based and hospital-based initiation of care in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes across relevant outcomes.Trial registration numberISRCTN78114042.