bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Niche role of MRI in the evaluation of female infertility
Authors: Grover Shabnam Bhandari , Antil Neha , Katyan Amit , Rajani Heena , Grover Hemal , Mittal Pratima , Prasad Sudha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInfertility is a major social and clinical problem affecting 13–15% of couples worldwide. The pelvic causes of female infertility are categorized as ovarian disorders, tubal, peritubal disorders, and uterine disorders. Appropriate selection of an imaging modality is essential to accurately diagnose the aetiology of infertlity, since the imaging diagnosis directs the appropriate treatment to be instituted. Imaging evaluation begins with hystero- salpingography (HSG), to evaluate fallopian tube patency. Uterine filling defects and contour abnormalities may be discovered at HSG but usually require further characterization with pelvic ultrasound (US), sono-hysterography (syn: hystero-sonography/saline infusion sonography) or pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), when US remains inconclusive. The major limitation of hysterographic US, is its inability to visualize extraluminal pathologies, which are better evaluated by pelvic US and MRI. Although pelvic US is a valuable modality in diagnosing entities comprising the garden variety, however, extensive pelvic inflammatory disease, complex tubo-ovarian pathologies, deep-seated endometriosis deposits with its related complications, Mulllerian duct anomalies, uterine synechiae and adenomyosis, often remain unresolved by both transabdominal and transvaginal US. Thus, MRI comes to the rescue and has a niche role in resolving complex adnexal masses, endometriosis, and Mullerian duct anomalies with greater ease. This is a review, based on the authors’ experience at tertiary care teaching hospitals and aims to provide an imaging approach towards the abnormalities which are not definitively diagnosed by ultrasound alone.
Discordant dating of pregnancy by LMP and ultrasound and its implications in perinatal statistics
Authors: Sharma Lalit K , Bindal Jyoti , Shrivastava Vishal A , Sharma Mansi , Choorakuttil Rijo M , Nirmalan Praveen K 
Published: March 2020

AbstractContext: High perinatal mortality in India may be caused by inaccurate dating of pregnancy resulting from suboptimal uptake of antenatal care and ultrasound services during pregnancy. Aim: To determine the discrepancy in the last menstrual period (LMP) assigned expected date of delivery (EDD) and ultrasound assigned EDD in pregnant women in a rural district of central India. Methods: Data from an ongoing cross-sectional screening program providing fetal radiology imaging in Guna district of Madhya Pradesh from 2012–2019 was analyzed for recall of LMP and discordance between LMP and ultrasound assigned EDD. The discrepancy was present when EDD assigned by ultrasound differed by 3 or more days at gestational ages less than 8+6 weeks, 5–7 days at gestational ages 8+6 weeks till 14 weeks, and 7–10 days at gestational ages 14–20 weeks. Results: The program screened 14,701 pregnant women of which 4,683 (31.8+6%, 95% CI: 31.11, 32.61) could not recall LMP. EDD assigned by LMP and ultrasound matched in 7,035 (70.22%, 95% CI: 69.32, 71.12) of the remaining 10,018 pregnant women. EDD was overestimated by LMP for 26.06% (95% CI: 25.21, 26.93) women; these foetuses were at risk of being misclassified as a term fetus. In 2018, the project had no maternal deaths, infant mortality rate of 24.7, low birth weight rate of 9.69%, and 100% antenatal coverage. Conclusion: Accurate dating of pregnancy and systematic follow-up integrating radiology imaging and obstetrics care for appropriate risk-based management of pregnant women can significantly improve perinatal statistics of India.
Multiple small bowel intussusceptions as a feature of celiac disease
Authors: Kapadia Bhautik , Vatukiya Sunil Karshanbhai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntussusception is commonly associated with celiac disease in adults. However, it is rarely reported in children in radiology journals. Here, we report a case of a 3-year-old girl with celiac disease presented with complaints of intermittent abdominal pain, distension, and vomiting for 6 months. The patient was underweight (8.6 kg). Her X-ray of the abdomen standing revealed abnormal air-fluid levels and ultrasound of the abdomen revealed single small bowel intussusception. Contrast-enhanced CT abdomen done before planning surgery and it revealed five small bowel intussusceptions with few dilated small bowel loops. Her IgA antibodies to tissue transglutaminase were done to look for the cause of failure to thrive and its titer raised significantly. Gluten-free diet was started for her and symptoms were resolved within 7 days without surgical management.
Insights into obtaining FRCR and beyond: Obstacles, opportunities and post-relocation dilemma – An Indian perspective
Authors: Thaker Siddharth , Botchu Rajesh , Gupta Harun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIndian radiology trainees and radiologists are interested to have FRCR (Fellow of the Royal College of Radiologists) qualification for various reasons including academic career progression, subspecialty interest and other socioeconomic factors. The path for acquiring FRCR qualification is adventurous yet onerous and exhausting. Perseverance, meticulous planning and clarity in the vision are essential prerequisites for an Indian graduate aiming to complete FRCR qualification, and one may require to invest an average of 1.5–2 years even if there is no reattempt in this tripartite examination. Indian doctors including radiologists are considered amongst the finest across global medical fraternities. However, the Indian medical education is skewed and variably distributed over the subcontinent due to organisational inability to provide single radiology curriculum-based education to all radiology training programmes. Parallel educational boards and a variety of institutions such as government, trust-funded and private organisations provide radiology training to further complicate the grand picture of radiology education in India. Conversely, UK radiology education is uniform nationally and rigorously enforced by deaneries based upon state-provided guidelines. UK training opportunities are essentially academically rewarding experience but they require herculean efforts to gain access to one. One should constantly focus on building a resume at par with that of a UK trainee by obtaining experience required to fulfil checklist for such opportunities. Alongwith addressing local (UK) competition thoughtfully, hard work, diligence, and high standards of work ethics are absolute musts to build a great resume, to obtain training opportunity and, in turn, to satisfy the ultimate goal of carrier advancement.
Diagnostic accuracy of dual energy CT in the assessment of traumatic bone marrow edema of lower limb and its correlation with MRI
Authors: Yadav Harsh , Khanduri Sachin , Yadav Poonam , Pandey Sushma , Yadav Vivek Kumar , Khan Shahla 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Bone marrow edema is assumed to be caused as a result of trabecular microfractures that are detected by MRI. As MRI is not widely available in countries like India, this study aims to encourage the use of DECT in detection of bone edema as evidence with comparable efficiency to MRI. Aim: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of dual-energy CT in detecting bone marrow edema in patients of trauma of lower limb and correlate it with MRI. Setting and Design: It is a cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: The study included 40 patients of age 15–70 years irrespective of sex. All the patients of lower extremity trauma underwent DECT and MRI evaluation after clinical evaluation. All the images were postprocessed on a work station and were further evaluated by a radiologist. Results: Mean attenuation at fractured site observed by Dual energy CT was found to be significantly higher as compared to that at adjacent site (170.75 ± 33.99 vs. 19.73 ± 22.50 HU). The sensitivity and specificity of dual energy CT as compared to MRI in detecting bone marrow edema were 94.1% and 91.3%, respectively. Of the 40 cases enrolled in the study, agreement of MRI and Dual energy CT was observed in 37 (92.5%). Conclusion: Dual energy CT can be an effective alternative to MRI in the detection of bone marrow edema in patients of lower limb trauma. Dual energy CT can also be used in patients in whom MRI is contraindicated.
Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute gallbladder perforation
Authors: Krishnamurthy Gautham , Ganesan Senthil , Ramas Jayapriya , Damodaran Karthikeyan , Khanna Aswin , Patta Radhakrishna 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Acute gallbladder perforation (GBP) is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Percutaneous drainage followed by interval cholecystectomy has been the preferred management. The outcomes of early surgery, especially by laparoscopy, have not been well studied in GBP. We present our experience in early laparoscopic cholecystectomy in GBP.

Methodology:
A retrospective analysis of patients admitted with GBP between April 2014 and December 2018 was done. Clinical presentation, preoperative imaging, surgical procedure, operative findings and the outcomes in these patients were analysed. Video of the surgeries was reviewed in case of the absence of data from the case records.

Results:
Fifteen patients were treated for GBP during the study period. Eleven patients were male, and the mean age was 61 years. Fourteen patients (93.3%) had associated co-morbidities. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock were present in 3, 3, 6 and 3 patients, respectively. The location of the collection was gallbladder fossa, pericholecystic, subhepatic and diffuse in 3, 5, 4 and 3 patients, respectively. Intraoperatively, 13 patients were detected to have perforation at the fundus of the gallbladder. Cystic duct stump was managed with clip, endoloop, suturing and external drainage in 7, 2, 5 and 1 patient, respectively. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was completed in 12 (80%) patients. Retroinfundibular technique was used in 12 (80%) patients. There was one conversion. Two patients required endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram + bile duct stenting, and one was reexplored for cystic artery bleed. There were no mortalities. The median duration of post-operative hospital stay and drain removal was 3 (1–19) and 3 (1–6), respectively.

Conclusion:
Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute GBP is feasible and can be safely performed in centres having sufficient expertise. Retroinfundibular technique of laparoscopic cholecystectomy is useful in tackling frozen Calot's triangle in GBP.
The efficacy and safety of laparoscopy combined with gastroscopy positioning in treating gastric stromal tumours
Authors: Zhang Hu , Chen Jie , Chen Chen 
Published: March 2020

Background and Objectives:
The objective was to assess the efficacy and safety in treating gastric stromal tumours by laparoscopy combined with gastroscopy positioning surgery.

Methods:
The randomised controlled trials (RCTs), which are about the efficacy and safety of laparoscopy combined with gastroscopy positioning surgery in treating gastric stromal tumours were searched from the PubMed (1998–1990–2018.6), Wanfang Data (1990–2018.6), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (1979–2018.6) and International Statistical Institute (1998–2018.6). The data were extracted from these trials, and the meta-analysis was made through from RevMan 5.3 software.

Results:
Six RCTs involving 451 patients were included in the study (227 patients in the laparoscopy combined with gastroscopy positioning group and 224 patients in laparoscopic surgery group). Compared with laparoscopic surgery group, this meta-analysis showed that laparoscopy combined with gastroscopy positioning group could shorten the post-operation hospital stay (P < 0.05) and reduce the intraoperative blood loss (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in others between the two groups, such as operation time (P > 0.05), post-operative time of recovery of intestinal peristalsis (P > 0.05) and the total hospital stay (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Compared with laparoscopic surgery group, the better total effect occurs in laparoscopy combined with gastroscopy positioning group for the treatment of gastric stromal tumours is better. Laparoscopy combined with gastroscopy positioning group for the gastric stromal tumours is acceptable.
Collectieve acties van franchisenemers
Authors: Dolphijn A.W. 
Published: March 2020

Collectieve acties van franchisenemers
Aan de orde komt dat als franchisenemers hun belangen jegens de franchisegever collectief organiseren, zij in beginsel materieel verdergaande bevoegdheden kunnen hebben om te ageren tegen (voorgenomen wijzigingen van) bepalingen in de modelfranchiseovereenkomst.
Faillissement is niet (altijd) het bankroet van een contract
Authors: Spanjaard J.H.M. , Van Eeden-van Harskamp M.P. 
Published: March 2020

Faillissement is niet (altijd) het bankroet van een contract
In deze bijdrage staan de auteurs stil bij de inwerking van de insolventieprocedure op overeenkomsten. Zij bespreken aan de hand van recente rechtspraak de hoofdregel dat het faillissement bestaande overeenkomsten niet beïnvloedt, het recht van de curator om tekort te schieten, de gevolgen van het faillissement voor verplichtingen uit huur-, pacht-, arbeids- en agentuurovereenkomsten en de mogelijkheden tot verrekening.
Levying VAT in the EU Customs Union: Towards a Single Indirect Tax Area? The Ordeal of Indirect Tax Harmonisation
Authors: Terra Ben 
Published: March 2020

Levying VAT in the EU Customs Union – Towards a Single Indirect Tax Area? The Ordeal of Indirect Tax Harmonisation
This contribution deals with the latest proposals regarding levying VAT in the European Union (EU) Customs Union. The present system, which has been in place since 1993 and was supposed to be transitional, splits every cross-border transaction into an exempted cross-border supply and a taxable cross-border acquisition. It is like a customs system, but lacks equivalent controls and is therefore the root of cross-border fraud. After many years of unsuccessful attempts, the Commission abandoned the objective of implementing definitive VAT arrangements based on the principle of taxing all cross-border supplies of goods in the Member State of their origin, under the same conditions that apply to domestic trade including VAT rates. The European Parliament and the Council agreed that the definitive system should be based on the principle of taxation in the Member State of the destination of the goods. After a brief discussion of the VAT Action Plan of 2016 (Section 1), the e-commerce package in the form of Directive (EU) 2017/2455 is dealt with (Section 2), followed by the proposal to harmonise and simplify certain rules in the VAT system and introduce the definitive system, only partially adopted (Section 3). Section 4 deals with the proposal to introduce detailed measures of the definitive VAT system. The proposed harmonisation and simplification of certain rules were meant to become applicable on 1 January 2019, but will become only partially applicable on 2020. It is proposed to make the detailed measures of the definitive VAT system applicable in 2022. It remains to be seen whether the Member States are willing to accept the definitive VAT system at all; hence the subtitle ‘the ordeal of indirect tax harmonisation’.
Kerkgenootschappen en hun religieuze functionarissen in het recht
Authors: Pel P.T. 
Published: March 2020

Kerkgenootschappen en hun religieuze functionarissen in het recht. Beschouwingen naar aanleiding van HR 4 oktober 2019 (NGK/Gort)
Op 4 oktober 2019 wees de Hoge Raad een belangwekkend arrest op het snijvlak van het rechtspersonenrecht, arbeidsrecht en kerkelijk recht. De zaak betreft het ontslag van een predikant die werkzaam was in een kerkgenootschap. De juridische kernvraag in cassatie is: welk recht is van toepassing op de rechtspositie van deze voorganger? Is dat het civiele arbeidsrecht, het kerkelijke dienstrecht of een samenloop van beide? De Hoge Raad biedt duidelijkheid op het grensvlak van kerk en staat.
Concentratietoezicht en industriebeleid: tussen protectionisme en mededingingstoezicht
Authors: de Vries Y. , Vancraybex E.M.R.H. 
Published: March 2020

Concentratietoezicht en industriebeleid: tussen protectionisme en mededingingstoezicht
Het besluit van de Commissie om de fusie tussen Siemens en Alstom te verbieden heeft tot veel kritiek geleid. Het concentratietoezicht zou aan het ontstaan van Europese kampioenen op het mondiale speelveld in de weg staan. Verschillende lidstaten hebben opgeroepen tot een hervorming van het concentratietoezicht om beter rekening te houden met belangen van industriebeleid. Gedacht wordt aan een bevoegdheid voor de Raad om door de Commissie verboden concentraties alsnog goed te keuren op grond van overwegingen van industriebeleid dan wel een versoepeling van de analysekaders van de Commissie. In deze bijdrage gaan wij in op de rol van industriebeleid in het concentratietoezicht en de voor- en nadelen van de hervormingsvoorstellen, mede in het licht van de praktijk in de lidstaten. Wij concluderen dat er betere oplossingen denkbaar zijn. Voor zover industriepolitieke ‘correcties’ op de zuivere mededingingstoets toch in het concentratietoezicht worden ingebouwd, gaat onze voorkeur uit naar een goedkeuringsbevoegdheid voor de Raad waarbij de scheidslijn tussen de objectieve mededingingstoets en meer subjectieve politieke beslissingen helder blijft.
Wet overgang van onderneming in faillissement: wat heeft de werknemer eraan?
Authors: Boot Jola , Ipenburg Jeroen 
Published: March 2020

Wet overgang van onderneming in faillissement: wat heeft de werknemer eraan?
De auteurs benaderen het Voorontwerp van de ‘Wet overgang van onderneming in faillissement’ vanuit het werknemersperspectief. De auteurs zoeken naar en geven een antwoord op de vraag wat de werknemer heeft aan het Voorontwerp. Toepassing van het Voorontwerp op de Smallsteps-zaak leidt er volgens de auteurs toe dat de ontslagen Estro-werknemers slechter af zijn onder het Voorontwerp. De auteurs benoemen diverse (arbeidsrechtelijke) bezwaren die kleven aan het Voorontwerp en constateren dat het Voorontwerp op diverse plaatsen (mogelijk) in strijd is met Richtlijn 2001/23/EG. De auteurs geven een aantal aanbevelingen om het Voorontwerp vanuit het werknemersperspectief te verbeteren.
Exit van de expat: ontslagmogelijkheden in het Nederlandse arbeidsrecht
Authors: Avcı Ayşegül , Koene Niels 
Published: March 2020

Exit van de expat: ontslagmogelijkheden in het Nederlandse arbeidsrecht
In deze bijdrage bespreken wij de mogelijkheden tot ontslag van de expat en de bijzondere regels die gelden ten aanzien van de redelijke gronden en herplaatsingsinspanningen. Naast de redelijke gronden onderzoeken wij of een ontslag langs de route van wanprestatie mogelijk is. Ook kijken wij of een repatriëringsbeding een rechtsgeldige ontbindende voorwaarde voor beëindiging van de arbeidsovereenkomst kan opleveren. Wij starten met het schetsen van het juridische kader rondom de expat.
Analysis of polycrystalline microstructure of AlMgSc alloy observed by 3D EBSD
Authors: Kopeček Jaromír , Staněk Jakub , Habr Stanislav , Seitl Filip , Petrich Lukas , Schmidt Volker , Beneš Viktor 
Published: March 2020

The aim of this paper is to evaluate an ambitious imaging experiment and to contribute to the methodology of statistical inference of the three-dimensional microstructure of polycrystalline materials. The microstructure of the considered Al-3Mg-0.2Sc alloy was investigated by three-dimensional electron backscattered diffraction (3D-EBSD), i.e., tomographic imaging with xenon plasma focused ion beam (Xe-FIB) alongside EBSD. The samples were subjected to severe plastic deformations by equal channel angular dressing (ECAP) and annealed subsequently prior to the mapping. First we compared the misorientation level needed for a reliable segmentation of grains distinguishing between conventional evaluation of two-dimensional cuts and the 3D data set. Then, using methods of descriptive spatial statistics, various morphological characteristics of a large number of grains were analyzed, as well as the crystallographic texture and the spatial distribution of grain boundaries. According to the results stated so far in the literature, an even microstructure was expected, nevertheless local inhomogeneities in grains and grain boundaries with regard to their size, texture and spatial distribution were observed and justified.
Sintesis katalis NiMo untuk hydrotreating coker nafta
Authors: Lestari Hidayah Dwi , Subagjo S , Makertihartha IGBN 
Published: March 2020

NiMo catalyst synthesis aimed to make catalyst based on nickel molybdenum Ni(4%-wt) Mo(20%­ wt)γ-Al2O3 by using ammonium heptamolybdate as source of Mo and nickel nitrate as source of Ni, and γ-Al2O3 as a support. The catalysts are prepared by sequential-dry impregnation method. The preparation parameters that studied are characteristic of support, the ammonium heptamolybdate solution pH, volume of impregnation solution, and stages impregnation of ammonium heptamolybdate solution. The preparation parameter affected the Mo distribution to the support. The inhomogeneous Mo distribution produced MoO crystal in the catalyst. The characterization of catalyst consists of N2 adsorption, XRD, SEM EDAX, and XRF. The results of catalyst characterization are specific surface area, crustallinity of catalyst, deposition metal in pore of support, and catalyst compositions. The NiMo catalyst activity is tested by using coker naphtha feed. The result of activity test is compared with commercial catalyst to know how the performance of catalyst. The composition of NiMo 15 catalyst is 19.43%-b MoO3 dan 2.61%-b NiO. NiMo catalyst with composition 20%-wt Mo and 4%-wt Ni needs support with specific surface area larger than 212 m2/g cat, to get more homogenous Mo distribution. The ammonium heptamolybdate solution pH that is good to use in impregnation to get a homogenous Mo distribution is less or same as 5.Keywords: Hydrotreating, Nimo/γ-Al2O3, ImpregnationAbstrakSintesis katalis NiMo dilakukan untuk membuat katalis hydrotreating dengan komposisi 20%-b MoO3 4%-b NiO/γAl2O3. Sumber Mo dan Ni yang digunakan berasal dari amonium heptamolibdat dan nikel nitrat dengan penyangga γAl2O3. Preparasi katalis dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode impregnasi kering bertahap. Parameter preparasi yang dipelajari adalah karakteristik penyangga, pH larutan amonium heptamolibdat, volum larutan impregnasi, dan tahapan impregnasi larutan amonium heptamolibdat. Parameter preparasi tersebut mempengaruhi distribusi Mo pada penyangga. Distribusi Mo yang tidak merata akan menghasilkan kristal MoO3 di dalam katalis. Katalis NiMo dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan analisa adsorpsi N2 difraksi sinar X, SEM EDAX, dan XRF. Hasil karakterisasi katalis berupa luas permukaan spesifik, kristalinitas katalis, gambaran deposisi logam pada pori penyangga, dan komposisi katalis. Katalis NiMo diuji aktivitasnya dengan menggunakan umpan coker nafta. Hasil uji aktivitas dibandingkan dengan katalis komersial untuk mengetahui kinerja dari katalis tersebut. Katalis NiMo 15 memiliki komposisi 19,43%-b MoO3 dan 2,61%-b NiO. Luas permukaan spesifik penyangga yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat katalis NiMo dengan komposisi 20%-b Mo03 dan 4%-b NiO adalah lebih besar dari 212 m2/g kat, agar didapatkan distribusi Mo yang lebih merata. pH larutan amonium heptamolibdat yang baik untuk digunakan dalam impregnasi agar didapatkan distribusi Mo yang merata adalah ≤ 5.Kata Kunci: Hydrotreating, Nimo/ γAl2O3, lmpregnasi