bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compulsivity is linked to reduced adolescent development of goal-directed control and frontostriatal functional connectivity
Authors: Vaghi Matilde M. , Moutoussis Michael , Váša František , Kievit Rogier A. , Hauser Tobias U. , Vértes Petra E. , Shahar Nitzan , Romero-Garcia Rafael , Kitzbichler Manfred G. , Bullmore Edward T. ,   NSPN Consortium, Dolan Raymond J. , Bullmore Edward , Dolan Raymond , Goodyer Ian , Fonagy Peter , Jones Peter , Moutoussis Michael , Hauser Tobias , Neufeld Sharon , Romero-Garcia Rafael , St Clair Michelle , Vértes Petra , Whitaker Kirstie , Inkster Becky , Prabhu Gita , Ooi Cinly , Toseeb Umar , Widmer Barry , Bhatti Junaid , Villis Laura , Alrumaithi Ayesha , Birt Sarah , Bowler Aislinn , Cleridou Kalia , Dadabhoy Hina , Davies Emma , Firkins Ashlyn , Granville Sian , Harding Elizabeth , Hopkins Alexandra , Isaacs Daniel , King Janchai , Kokorikou Danae , Maurice Christina , McIntosh Cleo , Memarzia Jessica , Mills Harriet , O’Donnell Ciara , Pantaleone Sara , Scott Jenny , Reiter Andrea , Vanes Lucy 
Published: September 2020

SignificanceGoal-directed behavior is impaired in disorders of compulsivity. Here, we characterize the developmental trajectory of model-based control and show a progressive strengthening from adolescence to early adulthood. We found that the presence of compulsivity traits impacts on this trajectory as well as on the degree of remodeling in functional connectivity within frontostriatal circuits. These findings have implications for understanding the interplay between compulsivity, the developmental trajectory of model-based planning, and functional connectivity in frontostriatal circuits.
Maximizing the value of forest restoration for tropical mammals by detecting three-dimensional habitat associations
Authors: Deere Nicolas J. , Guillera-Arroita Gurutzeta , Swinfield Tom , Milodowski David T. , Coomes David A. , Bernard Henry , Reynolds Glen , Davies Zoe G. , Struebig Matthew J. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Forest restoration has become a global conservation priority, particularly in the tropics where a significant proportion of remaining forest ecosystems are degraded. To achieve ambitious restoration targets via limited conservation funds, areas that will deliver the greatest biodiversity value must be prioritized. Here, we combine airborne laser scanning with an extensive camera trap dataset to target conservation and restoration across a degraded logged forest gradient. We demonstrate the importance of accounting for three-dimensional habitat structure when defining forest suitability and restoration potential for mammals. Consequently, we provide a robust quantitative framework to prioritize degraded forest restoration based on biodiversity considerations.
Loss of UTX/KDM6A and the activation of FGFR3 converge to regulate differentiation gene-expression programs in bladder cancer
Authors: Barrows Douglas , Feng Lijuan , Carroll Thomas S. , Allis C. David 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Chromatin regulators and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling proteins are both frequently mutated in bladder cancer. In this study, we sought to understand whether oncogenic signaling activation in the cytoplasm functionally interacted with loss-of-function mutations in chromatin regulators within the nucleus. The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort of muscle invasive bladder tumors revealed that loss-of-function mutations for the histone demethylase UTX (also known as KDM6A) significantly cooccurred with activating mutations in the RTK FGFR3. Here, we report that UTX loss and FGFR3 activation cooperate in bladder cells to reduce the expression of luminal genes, promoting a more basal, de-differentiated cellular state. These insights could prove useful in expanding therapeutic strategies for these tumors, which currently have limited options for effective treatment.
Diffusioosmotic and convective flows induced by a nonelectrolyte concentration gradient
Authors: Williams Ian , Lee Sangyoon , Apriceno Azzurra , Sear Richard P. , Battaglia Giuseppe 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Our bodies rely on molecular transport within a complex, nonequilibrium environment incorporating gradients of charged and neutral solutes. Concentration gradients near solid surfaces are known to induce material transport via diffusioosmotic fluid flow. These are well understood for charged molecules, but less so for neutral molecules such as glucose. Glucose is an important biological energy source and is often distributed in gradients across cell membranes, vasculature, tissues, and whole organs. We measure diffusioosmotic flow due to glucose gradients and find its speed depends only weakly on concentration. Our models can reproduce this behavior by accounting for strong interactions, concentration-dependent viscosity, and heterogeneous surfaces. Understanding these flows will allow us to harness them for improved transport of targeted nanomedicines.
CtIP-mediated DNA resection is dispensable for IgH class switch recombination by alternative end-joining
Authors: Wang Xiaobin S. , Zhao Junfei , Wu-Baer Foon , Shao Zhengping , Lee Brian J. , Cupo Olivia M. , Rabadan Raul , Gautier Jean , Baer Richard , Zha Shan 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Ig CSR occurs through the nonhomologous end-joining pathway. In NHEJ-deficient cells, substantial CSR can be achieved through the Alt-EJ pathway. High-throughput analyses of IgH CSR junctions in NHEJ-deficient cells show that in contrast to endonuclease-generated breaks, Alt-EJ-mediated CSR can occur without CtIP-mediated DNA resection. The first temporal analyses of CSR junctions in NHEJ-proficient cells further showed that early Sμ internal deletion junctions are enriched for MH. Taken together, the results identified repetitive core IgH switch regions as favorable substrates for MH-mediated recombination independent of resection.
Unethical amnesia responds more to instrumental than to hedonic motives
Authors: Galeotti Fabio , Saucet Charlotte , Villeval Marie Claire 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Using large-scale incentivized online experiments, we tested two possible origins of individuals’ forgetting about their past cheating behavior in a mind game. We found that purely hedonic considerations, such as the maintenance of a positive self-image, are not sufficient to motivate unethical amnesia, but the addition of an instrumental value to forgetting triggers such amnesia. Individuals forget their past lies more when amnesia can serve as an excuse not to engage in future morally responsible behavior. These findings shed light on the interplay between dishonesty and memory and suggest further investigations of the cost function of unethical amnesia. A policy implication is that improving ethics requires making unethical amnesia more difficult for individuals.
Cockayne syndrome B protein acts as an ATP-dependent processivity factor that helps RNA polymerase II overcome nucleosome barriers
Authors: Xu Jun , Wang Wei , Xu Liang , Chen Jia-Yu , Chong Jenny , Oh Juntaek , Leschziner Andres E. , Fu Xiang-Dong , Wang Dong 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Cockayne syndrome group B (CSB) belongs to the SWI2/SNF2 family chromatin remodelers and plays critical roles in DNA damage response, repair, and gene expression. Despite its broad roles in gene expression, it has remained elusive whether and how CSB functions as a chromatin remodeler, a transcription elongation factor, or both, in regulating RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription on chromatin. Here, we reveal that Rad26, the yeast CSB ortholog, is recruited to the upstream of Pol II as an ATP-dependent processivity factor that assists Pol II in overcoming downstream nucleosome barriers during transcription. This paper provides mechanistic insights into the roles of CSB in different aspects of transcription and DNA repair on chromatin, including release of transcription pausing and elongation.
Universal motifs and the diversity of autocatalytic systems
Authors: Blokhuis Alex , Lacoste David , Nghe Philippe 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Autocatalysis, the ability of chemical systems to make more of themselves, is a hallmark of living systems, as it underlies metabolism, reproduction, and evolution. Here, we present a unified theory of autocatalysis based on stoichiometry. This allows us to identify essential motifs of autocatalytic networks, namely, autocatalytic cores, which come in five categories. In these networks, internal catalytic cycles are found to favor growth. The stoichiometry approach furthermore reveals that diverse autocatalytic networks can be formed with multiple compartments. Overall, these findings suggest that autocatalysis is a richer and more abundant phenomenon than previously thought.
Mechanical control of terahertz plasmon-induced transparency in single/double-layer stretchable metamaterial
Authors: Wang Jing , Tian Hao , Wang Guanchao , Li Shuai , Guo Wenpeng , Xing Juan , Wang Yu , Li Li , Zhou Zhongxiang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Active control of metamaterial properties in stretchable devices is crucial for advanced terahertz (THz) applications, involving large mechanical deformation or stretching. Single/double-layer mechanically tunable THz metamaterial devices based on the polymer polydimethylsiloxane are proposed and experimentally studied herein. The plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) effect is observed in the transmittance spectrum of the single-layer metamaterial, originating from the near-field coupling of two bright modes. Similarly, a bright-dark-coupled PIT system is obtained in the double-layer metamaterial. Furthermore, an external mechanical stretching could exert a switch effect on the sample. The PIT resonances of the single/double-layer metamaterials disappear when the stretching ratio is further increased, as the increased distance between the resonators blocks the coupling effect. The proposed design enriches the approaches to the modulation of the sensitive PIT effect and broadens the applications of stretchable THz equipment.
Engineering topological phase transition and Aharonov–Bohm caging in a flux-staggered lattice
Authors: Mukherjee Amrita , Nandy Atanu , Sil Shreekantha , Chakrabarti Arunava 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A tight binding network of diamond shaped unit cells trapping a staggered magnetic flux distribution is shown to exhibit a topological phase transition under a controlled variation of the flux trapped in a cell. A simple real space decimation technique maps a binary flux staggered network into an equivalent Su–Shrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model. In this way, dealing with a subspace of the full degrees of freedom, we show that a topological phase transition can be initiated by tuning the applied magnetic field that eventually simulates an engineering of the numerical values of the overlap integrals in the paradigmatic SSH model. Thus one can use an external agent, rather than monitoring the intrinsic property of a lattice to control the topological properties. This is advantageous from an experimental point of view. We also provide an in-depth description and analysis of the topologically protected edge states, and discuss how, by tuning the flux from outside one can enhance the spatial extent of the Aharonov–Bohm caging of single particle states for any arbitrary period of staggering. This feature can be useful for the study of transport of quantum information. Our results are exact.
A novel three-dimensional Ag nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide microtubular field effect transistor sensor for NO2 detections
Authors: Yin Weijie , Sun Jingye , Zhang Yang , Zhang Ying , Li Shasha , Zhu Mingqiang , Hong Hao , Ba Yutao , Deng Tao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A novel three-dimensional (3D) microtubular NO2 field effect transistor (FET) sensor has been fabricated from 2D reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets decorated with Ag nanoparticles, by applying the self-roll-up technique. The electrical properties of 2D and 3D Ag NP/rGO FET sensors have been investigated and compared. Finally, the performance of the 3D sensors has been demonstrated, where the preliminary results show that our 3D Ag NP/rGO FET NO2 sensor exhibits a relatively fast response (response time of 116 s) to 20 parts per million NO2 with a response of 4.92% at room temperature at zero bias voltage and 2 V source–drain bias voltage. Moreover, characteristics of our 3D Ag NP/rGO FET sensors, e.g. response, response and recovery times, have been demonstrated to be tuned by adjusting the applied source–drain and gate biases. Compared to the 2D geometry, our 3D geometry occupies less device area, but with the same sensing area. This study provides a new way to optimize sensing device performance, and promotes its development for miniaturized and integrated gas-sensing applications for indoor health and safety detection, outdoor environmental monitoring, industrial pollution monitoring and beyond.
Monte Carlo 90Y PET/CT dosimetry of unexpected focal radiation-induced lung damage after hepatic radioembolisation
Authors: Auditore Lucrezia , Amato Ernesto , Boughdad Sarah , Meyer Marie , Testart Nathalie , Cicone Francesco , Beigelman-Aubry Catherine , Prior John O , Schaefer Niklaus , Gnesin Silvano 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with 90Y-loaded microspheres is an established therapeutic option for inoperable hepatic tumors. Increasing knowledge regarding TARE hepatic dose-response and dose-toxicity correlation is available but few studies have investigated dose-toxicity correlation in extra-hepatic tissues. We investigated absorbed dose levels for the appearance of focal lung damage in a case of off-target deposition of 90Y microspheres and compared them with the corresponding thresholds recommended to avoiding radiation induced lung injury following TARE. A 64-year-old male patient received 1.6 GBq of 90Y-labelled glass microspheres for an inoperable left lobe hepatocellular carcinoma. A focal off-target accumulation of radiolabeled microspheres was detected in the left lung upper lobe at the post-treatment 90Y-PET/CT, corresponding to a radiation-induced inflammatory lung lesion at the 3-months 18F-FDG PET/CT follow-up. 90Y-PET/CT data were used as input for Monte-Carlo based absorbed dose estimations. Dose-volume-histograms were computed to characterize the heterogeneity of absorbed dose distribution. The dose level associated with the appearance of lung tissue damage was estimated as the median absorbed dose measured at the edge of the inflammatory nodule. To account for respiratory movements and possible inaccuracy of image co-registration, three different methods were evaluated to define the irradiated off-target volume. Monte Carlo-derived absorbed dose distribution showed a highly heterogeneous absorbed dose pattern at the site of incidental microsphere deposition (volume = 2.13 ml) with a maximum dose of 630 Gy. Absorbed dose levels ranging from 119 Gy to 133 Gy, were estimated at the edge of the inflammatory nodule, depending on the procedure used to define the target volume. This report describes an original Monte Carlo based patient-specific dosimetry methodology for the study of the radiation-induced damage in a focal lung lesion after TARE. In our patient, radiation-induced focal lung damage occurred at significantly higher absorbed doses than those considered for single administration or cumulative lung dose delivered during TARE.
Design and performance of SIAT aPET: a uniform high-resolution small animal PET scanner using dual-ended readout detectors
Authors: Kuang Zhonghua , Wang Xiaohui , Ren Ning , Wu San , Gao Juan , Zeng Tianyi , Gao Dongfang , Zhang Chunhui , Sang Ziru , Hu Zhanli , Du Junwei , Liang Dong , Liu Xin , Zheng Hairong , Yang Yongfeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this work, a small animal PET scanner named SIAT aPET was developed using dual-ended readout depth encoding detectors to simultaneously achieve high spatial resolution and high sensitivity. The scanner consists of four detector rings with 12 detector modules per ring; the ring diameter is 111 mm and the axial field of view (FOV) is 105.6 mm. The images are reconstructed using an ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithm. The spatial resolution of the scanner was measured by using a 22Na point source at the center axial FOV with different radial offsets. The sensitivity of the scanner was measured at center axis of the scanner with different axial positions. The count rate performance of the system was evaluated by scanning mouse-sized and rat-sized phantoms. An ultra-micro hot-rods phantom and two mice injected with 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG were scanned on the scanner. An average depth of interaction (DOI) resolution of 1.96 mm, energy resolution of 19.1% and timing resolution of 1.20 ns were obtained for the detector. Average spatial resolutions of 0.82 mm and 1.16 mm were obtained up to a distance of 30 mm radially from the center of the FOV when reconstructing a point source in 1% and 10% warm backgrounds, respectively, using OSEM reconstruction with 16 subsets and 10 iterations. Sensitivities of 16.0% and 11.9% were achieved at center of the scanner for energy windows of 250–750 keV and 350–750 keV respectively. Peak noise equivalent count rates (NECRs) of 324 kcps and 144 kcps were obtained at an activity of 26.4 MBq for the mouse-sized and rat-sized phantoms. Rods of 1.0 mm diameter can be visually resolved from the image of the ultra-micro hot-rods phantom. The capability of the scanner was demonstrated by high quality in-vivo mouse images.
Trap-assisted photomultiplication in a-IGZO/p-Si heterojunction ultraviolet photodiodes
Authors: Huang Chun-Ying , Li Wen-Yi , Hsiao Ya-Hsin , Gao Wei-Ning , Chen Chia-Jung 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Many applications require a photodetector (PD) with a large gain to detect very low levels of ultraviolet (UV) light. However, a large gain is generally produced using an impact ionization process, which requires a very large applied voltage. This study demonstrates a photomultiplication (PM)-type UV PD with a simple structure that uses an a-IGZO/p-Si heterojunction. The device exhibits an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 2565% under 325 nm illumination at a reverse bias of −5 V. The oxygen vacancy (Vo) state in a-IGZO is relaxed to a deep bandgap but is fully occupied by two electrons. Vo with doubly charged Vo
2+ or singly charged Vo
+ can be excited by UV light. This produces free electrons. There is a high EQE at low reverse-bias because trapped electrons are emitted from the Vo. The IGZO/Si heterojunction also has a high response speed (∼1 ms) in the self-powered mode because the built-in potential separates electron–hole pairs immediately. This study shows that an a-IGZO/p-Si heterojunction not only acts as a PM-type PD with a low driving voltage but also as a high-speed self-powered PD to reduce power consumption.
Climate effects of China’s efforts to improve its air quality
Authors: Zheng Yixuan , Zhang Qiang , Tong Dan , Davis Steven J , Caldeira Ken 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Facing severe air pollution issues, China has implemented a series of clean air policies aimed to improve the country’s air quality. These policies largely focused on reducing emissions of major air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and primary aerosols. However, changes in such pollution also affect radiative forcing. To understand the climate consequences of these clean air actions in China, we evaluate the near-equilibrium climate response to sustained changes in aerosol (and precursors) emission rates equivalent to those that occurred in China between 2006 and 2017. During this period, China’s SO2 emissions declined by ∼70%, and black carbon emissions declined by ∼30%. Climate simulations that used a fully coupled ocean and atmosphere climate model indicate that China’s reductions in aerosol emission rates from 2006 to 2017 may exert a net increase in global radiative forcing of 0.09 ± 0.03 W m−2 and a mean warming of 0.12 ± 0.01 °C in the Northern Hemisphere; and may also affect the precipitation rates in East Asia and in more distant regions. The success of Chinese policies to further reduce aerosol emissions may bring additional net warming, and this ‘unmasked’ warming would in turn compound the challenge and urgency of international climate mitigation efforts.
Corrigendum: Quantifying the role of internal variability in the temperature we expect to observe in the coming decades (2020 Environ. Res. Lett. 15 054 014)
Authors: Maher Nicola , Lehner Flavio , Marotzke Jochem 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
There is an error in figures 1, 2, and 3 (corresponding to Figures 1, 4 and 5 of the original publication) and figures S2–S9 where the units were originally printed as oC but should be oC yr−1. The corrected figures and Supplementary material (stacks.iop.org/ERL/15/109502/mmedia) are reproduced below.
Knockout of Trpa1 Exacerbates Renal Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury With Classical Activation of Macrophages
Authors: Ma Shuangtao , Wang Donna H 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Classically activated macrophages contribute to the development of renal ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). This study aimed to investigate the role of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (Trpa1), a regulator of macrophage activation, in IRI-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) by using the Trpa1 gene knockout (Trpa1−/−) mouse model.

METHODS
Male 8-week-old Trpa1−/− mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were subjected to renal ischemia for 35 minutes by clamping bilateral renal pedicles under isoflurane anesthesia, and blood and tissue samples were collected 24 hours after reperfusion and analyzed with histological and molecular measurements.

RESULTS
Following IRI, Trpa1−/− mice developed more deteriorated biochemical and morphological signs of AKI when comparing with WT mice. More classically activated M1 macrophages were found in the kidneys of Trpa1−/− mice comparing with WT mice after IRI, while the counts of alternatively activated M2 macrophages in the kidney were similar between the 2 strains after IRI. Furthermore, significantly higher expression levels of proinflammatory markers including interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha were detected in the kidney of Trpa1−/− mice compared with WT mice after IRI. The levels of TRPA1 protein in the kidney of WT mice were also decreased after IRI.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results show that ablation of Trpa1 exacerbates infiltration of classically activated macrophages, renal inflammation, and renal injury in mice after IRI. These findings suggest that activation of TRPA1 may protect against IRI-induced AKI via regulation of macrophage-mediated inflammatory pathway.