bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the parallel acceleration on heavy impurity transport in turbulent tokamak plasmas
Authors: Vlad Madalina , Palade Dragos Iustin , Spineanu Florin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A process specific to the dynamics of the heavy impurities in turbulent tokamak plasmas is found and analyzed. We show that the parallel stochastic acceleration is strongly coupled to the perpendicular transport and generates a radial pinch velocity. The interaction is produced with the hidden drifts, a quasi-coherent component of the motion that consists of a pair of average radial velocities in opposite directions. The parallel acceleration breaks this symmetry and yields a radial average velocity that can be in the inward or outward direction. The pinch is generated in three-dimensional turbulence, in the presence of a poloidal average velocity. It is significant only for heavy, high Z ions. The transport of the tungsten ions is analyzed in the frame of the minimal test particle model that yields this pinch mechanism. We use a semi-analytical method and numerical simulations. The scaling laws of the pinch velocity and of the diffusion coefficient are found and analyzed in order to drive a clear physical image of these non-linear effects. We conclude that the pinch produced by the non-linear interaction of the parallel accelerated motion with the perpendicular transport is rather strong for the heavy impurities.
Light interaction with extended quantum systems in dispersive media
Authors: Scala Giovanni , Pepe Francesco V , Facchi Paolo , Pascazio Saverio , Słowik Karolina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We derive a light–matter interaction Hamiltonian to describe a quantum system embedded in a dispersive environment and coupled with the electromagnetic field. We include in this theory the spatial extension of the system, taken into account through its wavefunction. This enables us to overcome the divergence problem of the Green tensor propagator that arises from a point-like approximation of the quantum system. Thus the formalism can be applied to generalize the expressions for the spontaneous emission rate and the Lamb shift for a quantum system defined by a spatially extended dipole. In particular, these quantities can be modified by the asymmetry of the spatial structure of the atomic system as demonstrated in two test-bed examples.
Machine Learning for Searching the Dark Energy Survey for Trans-Neptunian Objects
Authors: Henghes B. , Lahav O. , Gerdes D. W. , Lin H. W. , Morgan R. , Abbott T. M. C. , Aguena M. , Allam S. , Annis J. , Avila S. , Bertin E. , Brooks D. , Burke D. L. , Rosell A. Carnero , Kind M. Carrasco , Carretero J. , Conselice C. , Costanzi M. , da Costa L. N. , De Vicente J. , Desai S. , Diehl H. T. , Doel P. , Everett S. , Ferrero I. , Frieman J. , García-Bellido J. , Gaztanaga E. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Gschwend J. , Gutierrez G. , Hartley W. G. , Hinton S. R. , Honscheid K. , Hoyle B. , James D. J. , Kuehn K. , Kuropatkin N. , Marshall J. L. , Melchior P. , Menanteau F. , Miquel R. , Ogando R. L. C. , Palmese A. , Paz-Chinchón F. , Plazas A. A. , Romer A. K. , Sánchez C. , Sanchez E. , Scarpine V. , Schubnell M. , Serrano S. , Smith M. , Soares-Santos M. , Suchyta E. , Tarle G. , To C. , Wilkinson R. D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper we investigate how implementing machine learning could improve the efficiency of the search for Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs) within Dark Energy Survey (DES) data when used alongside orbit fitting. The discovery of multiple TNOs that appear to show a similarity in their orbital parameters has led to the suggestion that one or more undetected planets, an as yet undiscovered “Planet 9”, may be present in the outer solar system. DES is well placed to detect such a planet and has already been used to discover many other TNOs. Here, we perform tests on eight different supervised machine learning algorithms, using a data set consisting of simulated TNOs buried within real DES noise data. We found that the best performing classifier was the Random Forest which, when optimized, performed well at detecting the rare objects. We achieve an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, (AUC) = 0.996 ± 0.001. After optimizing the decision threshold of the Random Forest, we achieve a recall of 0.96 while maintaining a precision of 0.80. Finally, by using the optimized classifier to pre-select objects, we are able to run the orbit-fitting stage of our detection pipeline five times faster.
Global theory of beta-induced Alfvén eigenmode excited by trapped energetic electrons
Authors: Ma Ruirui , Qiu Zhiyong , Li Yueyan , Chen Wei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Theoretical and numerical studies of the two-dimensional (2D) global stability and mode structures of high-n beta-induced Alfvén eigenmodes excited by magnetically trapped energetic electrons in tokamaks are carried out by employing the WKB-ballooning mode representation along with the generalized fishbone-like dispersion relation. Depending on parameter regimes, it is found that (i) the mode growth rate has a maximum with increasing energetic electron density at the ground radial eigenstate; (ii) the ground and excited radial eigenstates can be unstable simultaneously, and the most unstable mode is related not only to the pressure gradient of energetic electrons, but also to the width of the mode itself; (iii) the corresponding 2D mode structures are twisted due to the anti-Hermitian contribution from wave-energetic electron interaction and show opposite deformation directions compared with that in the presence of energetic ions; and (iv) the mode structures, especially, the mode width and its radial asymmetry, can be affected by radial eigen-mode number, energetic electron density, and magnetic shear. Finally, the radial symmetry breaking of the localized e-BAE mode structure with respect to parallel wave-number has a potential impact on toroidal momentum transport.
Follow the power—pathways to steady-state tokamak reactors
Authors: Petty C.C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Diagramming pathways of dimensionless power is a potent method for extrapolating between operating points on present-day tokamaks and future burning plasma devices. The heat transport power, current drive power, H-mode threshold power and other ‘plasma physics’ powers can be expressed in dimensionally correct (or normalized) form as Pa
3/4, where P is the power and a is the plasma minor radius, with the relative gyroradius (ρ
*) dependence ranging from gyro-Bohm-like for transport (

P

a

3
/
4

∝

ρ

*

−
3
/
2

), Bohm-like for current drive (

P

a

3
/
4

∝

ρ

*

−
5
/
2

) and worse than Bohm-like for H-mode threshold (

P

a

3
/
4

∝

ρ

*

−
3

). The D–T fusion power cannot be normalized in the same fashion since it is governed by nuclear physics, but at fixed B
T it scales like

P

a

3
/
4

∝

ρ

*

−
9
/
2

. Other ‘mixed physics’ powers can be incorporated into the dimensionless power framework by holding B
T fixed in the same manner. Diagramming these dimensionless powers vs ρ
* shows how the pathway to a steady-state reactor can be optimized relative to various operational boundaries. Using a steady-state hybrid discharge with β

N
= 3.2 from DIII-D as the starting point, a multi-parameter optimization finds an attractive pathway to steady-state operation on ITER using 76 MW of current drive power (fusion gain of Q
fus = 8), along with a pathway to Q
fus = 20 in a JET-sized steady-state reactor with B
T = 10 T.
Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) as a method for destroying bacterial biofilms
Authors: Khaertdinova L F , Zazymkina D A , Shakhov P V , Nastulyavichus A A , Kudryashov S I , Tolordava E R , Rudenko A A , Ionin A A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The method of laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) was applied for inactivation of pathogenic bacterial biofilms by metallic nanoparticles. The transparent substrate coated with the thin absorbing metal layer is irradiated form the back side with a laser that causes the nanoparticles transfer due to light-matter interaction. Variable laser beam parameters and the spacing between donor and the glass substrate affect parameters of transferred nanoparticles as well as their quantity.
Optical properties of a silicon ultrastable cavity with crystalline mirrors
Authors: Kudeyarov K S , Zhadnov N O , Vishnyakova G A , Kryuchkov D S , Khabarova K Yu , Kolachevsky N N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We investigated optical properties of a silicon cavity with GaAs/AlGaAs crystalline mirrors that are used to reduce thermal noise level. Cavity finesse was found to be 3.47×105 at the temperature of 127 K. Birefrigence of mirror coatings leads to emergence of separate TEM00 modes for two orthogonal polarizations of light. Results of the research indicate that such cavity at cryogenic temperature is suitable for laser frequency stabilization.
Optical characteristics of NUV-VIS-NIR transparent Zr-Si-B-N hard films for protection of optical and laser devices
Authors: Kiryukhantsev-Korneev Ph V , Kozlova N S , Levashov E A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Optically transparent Zr–Si-B-N films on quartz plates were manufactured by direct current magnetron sputtering of multiphase ZrB2-50%ZrSi2 ceramic cathode. Structural investigations have been carried out using X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and glow-discharge optical-emission spectroscopy. The dependences of optical properties including transmittance, reflectivity, and refractive index, vs. wavelength were determined by spectrophotometry. Films exhibited amorphous structure, average mechanical properties (hardness of 11 GPa, elastic modulus of 135 GPa, elastic recovery of 53%) and demonstrated transmittance up to 90 % and reflectivity ∼15%.
High power diode pumped solid-state femtosecond laser systems
Authors: Nikitin S P , Chabushkin A N , Babaev S A , Kolosvetov A A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We demonstrate high power direct diode-pumped femtosecond laser based on a commercially available configuration and pumped by multi-diode laser modules delivering high brightness and average power. The multi-diode modules employ beam-combining scheme preserving linear polarization and focusing properties of individual laser diodes. Stable passive Kerr lens modelocked (KLM) laser operation was demonstrated, producing 30 fs pulses at ∼300 mW average output power. A simple approach to numerical modelling of KLM laser operation in cases when longitudinal pump beam exhibits strong astigmatism is also discussed.
High-temperature annealing effect on photoluminescence of ZnO nanoparticles produced by laser ablation in hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Ivanova A K , Kudryashov S I , Minh P H , Ionin A A , Mel’nik N N , Rudenko A A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles were for the first time produced by laser ablation of a solid zinc target in 35% liquid hydrogen peroxide. As-produced nanoparticle-based films on Si substrates were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersion x-ray micro-spectroscopy (EDX) as amorphous, containing highly defective mixed oxide/hydroxide structures and crystallization-water molecules. Specific structural defects, damping the photoluminescence band of the nanoparticles peaked near 550 nm for the 488 nm pump laser wavelength, were annealed in air at temperatures 200-400 °C over 1-2 hours, with the accompanying strong photoluminescence yield and the appearance of the absorption cut-off near 350 nm. However, the following annealing at higher temperatures up to 1200 °C for time periods variable in the range of 1-3 hours, resulted in the damping of the photoluminescence. According to x-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization of the nanoparticle-based films on fluorite substrates, high-temperature annealing at 800 C for 1 hour induce crystallization of the common hexagonal ZnO phase (wurzite structure) via loss of peroxide bridges, crystallization water molecules and other structural defects. Meanwhile, annealing at 1200 °C yields in another distinct crystalline phase of ZnO, which appears to be a sphalerite.
The Coordinated Development of “Transport-Industry” in Lanzhou-Xining Urban Agglomeration from the Perspective of flow space
Authors: Xin Li , Yongsheng Qian , Junwei Zeng , Xiaoping Guang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Under the perspective of “flow space”, the text of this paper constructs an interactive spatial connection network within 30 county towns units of the Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration. Further, with the help of social network and ArcGIS (which is the spatial analysis method), the quantitative analysis is used to analyze the structural characteristics of multi-dimensional spatial network of the Lan-Xi urban agglomeration and their mutual relations. Moreover, the synergetic degree model is used to measure the synergetic development level of the “traffic-industry” compound system in urban agglomeration at present. The results indicate that the Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration forms a double-core structure that Lanzhou and Xining as the center, and the space of county towns presents the correlated characteristic of “dumbbell-like” expansion. Furthermore, the central power of county towns which are restricted by the traffic condition and industrial structure indicates some outstanding differences. Further, it shows that the center develops to the periphery in a low-level but balanced way. In addition, the random disequilibrium of order degree of traffic and industry in urban agglomeration restricts the synergetic development of county towns, and the compound system of urban agglomeration is in the low-medium stage of synergetic development. The results of this study can provide some references for improving the traffic infrastructure construction and industrial functional structure of Lan-Xi urban agglomeration. This study also can shed some lights on the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt.
Knowledge map of Yellow River Basin’s water resources based on literature analysis
Authors: Liu Y Y , Jiang R G , Xie J C , Wang S M , Li W 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is an important economic zone in China. The issue of water ecology has attached widely attention by scholars and society. This paper systematically reviewed the status, hotspots and development tendency on water resources research in the YRB based on the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database from 1992 to 2019. The SATI4.0 was used to analyze the annual publication, journal sources and keywords. High-frequency keywords were extracted, and software including NetDraw, SPSS and CiteSpace were used to analyze the co-occurring keywords, clustering and research frontier. Results showed that: (1) The number of published papers had increased before 2005 and decreased after it. The quantity of paper has increased sharply since 2018, indicating that the research has a new direction. (2) The source of journals mainly concentrated on basic subjects and hydraulic engineering. (3) The cluster analysis shows that hydrologic features, water management and protection and the water rights system are hotspots. (4) The result of research frontier indicates that sensitivity, ecological protection and high-quality development of water resources have ample research perspectives. It is general trend to combine the scientific methods with traditional methods. The results are conducive to systematically understand research advances and trends of water resources under changing environment, thereby promoting the construction of ecological civilization in the YRB.
Circular economy approach for wastewater treatment farming in Bangpakong River basin
Authors: Surinkul N , Threedeach S , Chiemchaisri W , Chiemchaisri C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Bangpakong River is one of river basins that faced the pollution problem in Thailand. This river is located in the downstream of central pain of Thailand and flows into the sea at the gulf of Thailand. Water quality problems in the last decade of this river basin are appeared from the low water quality index with evidences such as dead of fish, black color of water, low Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentrations, high organics and nutrients concentrations, high contaminated of coliform bacteria. All wastewater is controlled by the environmental law. Only wastewater from agriculture part is not yet properly managed. The objective of this study was to quantify the mass and material flows in agricultural farms such as pig, fish and prawn farms. Circular economy concept as reuse of wastewater in agricultural farms was approached in scenario. Surveys, questionnaires and water samplings were taken for farms. Information and mass flows within the farms were analyzed. This study found that the main source of pollution from these farms mostly resulted from the effluent of wastewater in term of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Total Nitrogen (TN) loads, were discharged into the environment. The hot spot areas were canals which flow to the river. Mass flows in pig farm revealed that BOD and TN loads to the environment were 90, and 120 tons/year. In which, calculated thresholds were 30 and 60 tons/year for BOD and TN. Similar results also found from aquaculture farms which contributes BOD and TN loads of 187 and 77 tons/year for fish farms and 156 and 84 tons for prawn farms. In this study, calculated reuse as circular economy approach about 50% of farm wastewater to agricultural field could provide the key role of BOD and TN reduction to the environment, and meeting the threshold level.
Physical and social infrastructures: understanding holistic water poverty eradication in Indonesia
Authors: Ari I R D , Hariyani S , Waloejo B S 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPoverty issues becomes more complex from time to time, as it comes to the whole world’s attention as it is stated in the first pillar of the SDGs. This research is trying to search an appropriate tool on how to be able to propose a more precise strategy on dealing with poverty with basis assumption that it must put it together for both physical and social developments. Applying case study of Tumpang District in Malang Regency, Indonesia as one of the poor districts, the result is conducted. The first research aim is to measure poverty level through the five components of the Water Poverty Index (WPI). General result indicates that the study area in the unit of analysis of village, there is no significant poverty level, though the district is categorized as the poverty. The second measurement is in order to build a better understanding of social capital in the community level through measurement of the indexes – rate of participation and density using Social Network Analysis (SNA). General result indicates that residents tend to involve into informal institution than the formal one. However, at the final stage of Spatial Regression Analysis that put it the WPI value as the dependent variable, and the two value of indexes of the SNA as the independent variables along with physical distance to the public facility, the result indicates that participation in the formal institution might give a significant influence to the success of lessening poverty level. Hence, this research proposes two main strategy in order to eradicate poverty though the development of both physical and social infrastructures, and to bring people closer distance to the formal institutions.
Monitoring low-level mercury contamination by zebrafish school behavioral responses
Authors: Huang Y , Zhang J S , Mi F J , Zhang G H , Sun J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Low-level pollution accidents are keeping increasing and difficult to monitor in real time. In our current study, zebrafish are used as a common freshwater model to monitor low-level concentrations of 0.05 mg·L−1 mercuric chloride (HgCl2). Avoidance (swimming increased and closely gathered) was the first response, but those abnormal behaviour just lasted 15~20 min and then recovered to the original level with much more fluctuation. In order to quantitative evaluate the first stress responses of fish exposed to lower concentration of toxicant, entropy is proposed for detecting the first responses. The use of entropy contributed to the reliability and precision for detecting toxicant at lower concentration pollution.
Requalification of Social Housing: Ingote plateau (Coimbra)
Authors: Virtudes Ana , Nascimento Ana , García Irene Mendoza , Fonseca António 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Social housing neighbourhoods are issues for several approaches and studies in all domains, the architectural scope and the urban scale. There are several examples of academic research focused on this topic. However, there is still much ink to spill regarding the scientific interest of peripheries, such as in the case of Ingote plateau, a suburb at the Portuguese city of Coimbra. This suburb is the result of three housing developments from different periods of time, according to the national policy to provide social houses: the Ingote (1970s), the António Sérgio (1980s), and the Rosa (1990s) suburbs. These residential areas are associated with the problems related to the suburban social housing, such as scarcity of social and economic means or shortage of urban conditions. Social housing suburbs are complex entities and their rapid growth has contributed to change the spatial identity of cities, leaving room for new questions about the concept of neighbourhood and its role at the urban scale. As this article aims to show, the geographical location of Ingote plateau makes it a target of territorial and social exclusions. Therefore, an urban design solution was proposed in order to rethink this area, developing strategies for its integration in the urban fabric. As the main conclusion, the project maintains the number of dwellings, improving the quality of public spaces, facilities, greenery and leisure to serve not only the local community but also the city as a whole. The main goal was to reinforce the identity, promoting the safety of locals, making them proud of their suburb.
Building energy simulation. Case studies with water flow glazing
Authors: Ama Fernando Del , Davis Hunter , Lauret Benito , Moreno Belen , Hernandez Juan A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Buildings represent complex systems with high levels of inter-dependence on many external sources. Building envelope expertise is a part of the building process, from pre-design through post-occupancy. Large glazed surfaces increase the building’s luminosity. However, the glass is a poor thermal insulator, and allows a great part of the solar radiation passing through it. The use of a glazed façade has the disadvantage of introducing an excess of energy in the building by means of solar radiation during the summer months. New glass technologies solve the energy problems raised by the use of glass in buildings: double and triple glazing, surface treatments, solar control glazing, low-emissivity glazing, etc. One of these is the water flow glazing. Due to the spectral properties of water, it captures most of the infrared solar radiation, allowing the visible component to pass through. This provides the water flow glazing with the same luminosity than conventional glazing, only lessening the heat transfer towards the interior space. Furthermore, the water circulation allows us to use, store or dissipate the captured energy as deemed appropriate. The first goal of this paper is to study the integration of the water flow glazing to evaluate its behavior in different weather conditions. Active and passive strategies will be tested in real case studies to achieve the goal of a Zero Energy Building.