bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatwa Ajaran Sesat dari Sudut Undang-Undang dan Cabaran Pembanterasannya di Malaysia
Authors: Buang Ahmad Hidayat 
Published: December 2020

Deviant teaching is one of the most important subjects in the issuance of fatwa in Malaysia. Despite the fact that the subject is not much related to fiqh, most of the fatwa issued officially in state gazette was on deviant teaching. Once a particular teaching is considered deviant through fatwa, the state agency, especially the Islamic religious department will take necessary steps to enforce the fatwa by prosecuting individuals involved. It has been noted by many that prosecution of offenders under this category was difficult due to administrative and procedural issues especially matter of evidence. It is therefore the aim of this article to discuss some aspects of fatwa on deviant teaching and issues related to its enforcement in Malaysia. The article will also discuss briefly some introduction on subject of fatwa and provide some development on the enforcement of deviant teachings in Malaysia.
Abstrak
Ajaran sesat merupakan satu tajuk penting dalam pengeluaran fatwa di Malaysia. Sungguhpun tajuk ini tidak menyentuh aspek hukum fiqh, kebanyakan fatwa rasmi seperti yang terkandung dalam warta kerajaan adalah menyentuh ajaran sesat. Apabila sesuatu ajaran itu dianggap sesat melalui fatwa, agensi kerajaan yang berkaitan terutamanya Jabatan Agama Islam akan mengambil langkah-langkah untuk menguatkuasakan fatwa berkenaan melalui pendakwaan terhadap individu yang terlibat dengan ajaran berkenaan. Ramai pihak beranggapan bahawa tindakan pendakwaan dalam kategori kesalahan ini agak sukar untuk disabitkan memandangkan kesukaran dalam masalah pembuktian dan prosedur. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk membincangkan beberapa aspek dan isu fatwa mengenai ajaran sesat yang berkaitan dengan penguatkuasaan di Malaysia. Artikel ini juga akan menerangkan secara ringkas pendahuluan mengenai fatwa dan perkembangan mengenai penguatkuasaan fatwa ajaran sesat di Malaysia
Fatwa and Its Shariah Methodology in Islamic Finance
Authors: Lahsasna Ahcene 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Fatwa plays a very significant role in Shariah by providing different resolutions and solutions to the Muslim community when it is needed to ensure the compliance with principles of Shariah and commends of God. It should be understood that fatwa is not confined to particular section in Islamic law but it covers the entire sections and subsection of Islamic law including business, finance and trade. Today, fatwa takes a different shape in Islamic finance; it is introduced and presented in the industry in the form of resolutions issued by Shariah board members who represent Shariah corporate governance body in the structure of the Islamic financial institutions. The resolution is further structured in the form of Shariah endorsement which is part and parcel of product approval as required by the regulators. The present paper discusses fatwa and its methodology in Islamic finance to ensure a sound process of issuing an accurate resolutions that comply with the rules and guidelines that have been set in Islamic jurisprudence.
Key words: Fatwa, resolutions, methodology, sources of Shariah, Shariah board.
Pelantikan Mufti Wanita di Malaysia: Analisis Pandangan Jabatan Mufti
Authors: Mohd Subri Irwan , Mokhtar Ahmad Wifaq , Ab Rahman Azman , Ahmad Hishomudin , Mohd Ghazali Norzulaili , Halil Nur Fatin 
Published: December 2020

The appointment of a mufti amongst the women is a new issue to be discussed. Throughout the history of the institution of fatwa in Malaysia, woman has never been appointed as mufti even though there is no prohibition either in Islamic law and the laws of Malaysia which states that women cannot be appointed as mufti. This article aims to seek the views of fatwa members on the appointment of female mufti. This study is a form of qualitative study by conducting focus group interviews method on 4 persons from fatwa members namely a mufti, two deputy muftis and an officer in mufti department. Their views on the appointment of female mufti in Malaysia also obtained in form of written comments. The results from the analysis of fatwa members’ views found that women can become a mufti but the job scopes of a mufti should be defined further and adapted to the feasibility of a woman from the point of Islamic law. The appointment of female mufti also need to consider ‘uruf or custom in Malaysia. Thus, the authors concluded that a model of female mufti’s job scopes should be construct with modification from existing mufti’s jobscope if woman be appointed as a mufti in the future.
Keywords: Mufti, female, analysis, department of mufti.
Abstrak
Pelantikan mufti daripada kalangan wanita merupakan satu isu yang baru. Sepanjang sejarah institusi fatwa di Malaysia, belum pernah wanita dilantik menjadi mufti sedangkan tiada larangan yang jelas sama ada dalam hukum syarak dan undang-undang Malaysia yang menyatakan bahawa wanita tidak boleh dilantik sebagai mufti. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pandangan beberapa jabatan mufti berkenaan pelantikan mufti di Malaysia daripada kalangan wanita. Kajian ini merupakan kajian berbentuk kualitatif dengan melaksanakan kaedah temubual secara kumpulan fokus terhadap 4 orang utama di jabatan mufti iaitu seorang mufti, dua orang timbalan mufti dan seorang pegawai di jabatan mufti. Pandangan mereka terhadap terhadap isu pelantikan mufti wanita di Malaysia juga diperolehi secara bertulis. Hasil analisis pandangan pakar melalui temubual dan secara bertulis mendapati bahawa wanita boleh menjadi mufti namun bidang tugas seorang mufti perlu didefinisikan dengan lebih lanjut dan disesuaikan dengan kelayakan seorang wanita dari sudut syarak. Pelantikan mufti wanita juga perlu mengambil kira uruf dan adat di Malaysia. Justeru, penulis membuat kesimpulan bahawa satu model bidang kuasa mufti wanita perlu dibina dengan pengubahsuaian bidang kuasa mufti yang sedia ada sekiranya wanita dilantik menjadi mufti pada masa akan datang.
Kata kunci: Mufti, wanita, analisis, jabatan, mufti.
ИНТЕРАКТИВНЫЕ МЕТОДЫ РАННЕГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ ИНОСТРАННОМУ ЯЗЫКУ ДЕТЕЙ РОМОВ КАК ВОЗМОЖНОСТЬ ДЛЯ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЯ ПОЗИТИВНОГО ОТНОШЕНИЯ К ШКОЛЬНОЙ ЖИЗНИ
Authors: Дімітрова Д. M. 
Published: December 2020

В последнее время культурное разнообразие в болгарской школе увеличивается, что требует обсуждения некоторых возможностей для выявления и решения поставленных перед учителями задач и вопросов, которые связаны с обучением детей из различных этнических групп. Настоящая разработка рассматривает возможности интерактивных методов, используемых как средство формирования позитивного отношения детей ромов к школе. Целью статьи является выявление проблемы, связанной с удержанием детей ромов в образовательной системе и возможности её решения через изменение традиционной образовательной среды в направлении полноценного общения между участниками, сотрудничества и совместного решения задач в образовательном процессе. Применение интерактивных методов обеспечивает детям обучение и опыт, при котором все ученики равны, независимо от их социальной или этнической принадлежности.
С учётом этого представлены интерактивные методы обучения, через которые стимулируется интерес детей ромов к овладению английским языком как иностранным, а также их позитивное отношение к школьной жизни в целом.
Предложенные интерактивные методы апробированы с учениками из этнической группы ромов, которые обучаются в начальной школе. Эти методы применимы к каждой образовательной системе, направленной на десегрегацию детей ромов и обеспечение педагогической поддержки для обучения английскому языку и не только.
В настоящем докладе описывается следующая комбинация интерактивных методов:

визуализация;
обучение в сотрудничестве с вариантом работы в малых группах;
подвижная игра.

В результате проведённого исследования и анализа полученных результатов мы пришли к обобщению, что применение интерактивных методов в начальной школе раскрывает возможности в отношении нарастания интереса у учеников ромов к изучению английского языка как иностранного, а также в отношении их мотивации учиться и повышению их готовности принимать участие в учебной деятельности.
ТОЛЕРАНТНІСТЬ ЯК ПСИХОЛОГО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНА ПРОБЛЕМА
Authors: Бурцева Ю. О. 
Published: December 2020

В статті розглянута проблема виховання толерантності для подолання булінгу який розповсюджується впродовж останніх років в багатьох як зарубіжних країнах так і в Україні. З’ясовано, що категорія «толерантність» є багатоаспектною, складною міждисциплінарною, оскільки знаходиться на стику інтересів філософів, політологів, культурологів, соціологів, етнологів, психологів і педагогів. Тому на теперішній час не існує єдиного визначення цього феномену у різних науках про людинознавство.
У сучасному філософському дискурсі толерантність визначено як культуру філософського мислення, як моральний принцип, що відображає вирішення суперечностей на основі врахування багатомірності суспільного буття, або як взаємну повагу до різних культур і традицій. На думку психологів толерантність пов’язана з багатошаровим змістом та різноманітними чинниками, різними парадигмами та інструментаріями.
Дослідники толерантності в освіті вважають, що історично вона розвивалася в руслі педагогічного гуманізму, теорії вільного виховання, педагогіки співробітництва, педагогіки ненасильства, педагогіки підтримки, концепції особистісно-орієнтованої освіти. Саме освітня діяльність є головним засобом розвитку толерантності в суспільстві і основним змістом педагогічної діяльності для запобігання булінгу: виховання здатності бачити, поважати; визнавати за іншим право бути іншим; шанувати людську гідність всіх без винятку людей, сприймати цю відмінність як цінність; сприймання, розуміння, визнання себе та інших на рівні емоцій та почуттів; ідея взаємодоповнюваності, створення атмосфери сприяння самореалізації й саморозвитку кожного підлітка.
Донецьким обласним інститутом післядипломної педагогічної освіти це питання розглядається як під час підвищення кваліфікації педагогічних кадрів Донецької області, так і під час проведення міжкурсових заходів. Кафедрою психології та розвитку особистості розроблена програма та методичне забезпечення спецкурсу «Запобігання та протидія насильству над дітьми»; протягом року працювала психологічна коучинг-студія «Психолого-педагогічна діагностика в системі роботи класного керівника».
Cashflow como objeto virtual de aprendizaje de la Administración Financiera. Caso: Instituto Luis A. Martínez de Ambato
Authors: Milla Estrada Alexandra de los Ángeles , Vázquez Andino Irma del Rocío 
Published: December 2020

Introducción. La educación financiera representa un eje fundamental en la vida diaria de las personas; la administración efectiva de los recursos económicos conlleva a considerarse la creación de una sociedad más productiva y desarrollada; es por tal razón que los docentes de esta área están llamados a intervenir y aplicar nuevos paradigmas de enseñanza – aprendizaje de tal manera contrarrestar las ineficaces metodologías tradicionales. Objetivo. Demostrar que la utilización de Objetos Virtuales de Aprendizaje (OVAs) con escenarios semejantes a la realidad inciden positivamente en los educandos y facilitan las actividades de los docentes en el Instituto Tecnológico Luis A. Martínez. Metodología. Un enfoque cuantitativo, con la comprobación de hipótesis; la información se recolectó en dos instancias la primera con la aplicación del test de diagnóstico financiero, el test de inteligencias múltiples a una muestra de 106 estudiantes del establecimiento, concluyéndose con una entrevista semiestructurada realizada a cada docente de la especialidad; posteriormente se ejecuta un programático de entrenamiento de la OVA (CASHFLOW) y se finaliza con test post- diagnósticos. Resultados. Entre los más significativos fue encontrar una diferencia del 40% entre el diagnóstico inicial y el post – diagnóstico; con la aplicación del test financiero se evidenció que en principio tanto en conocimientos, actitudes y comportamiento el 60% presentaron resultados desfavorables en el área; en el test de inteligencias múltiples lo significativo de los sujetos analizados fue que demostraron tres tipos de inteligencias predominantes: intrapersonal, interpersonal y rítmica. Luego de la aplicación del programático, los resultados son significativamente favorables y todos los tipos de inteligencias múltiples analizadas presentan valores medianos. Conclusión. Se concluyó que la aplicación del objeto virtual de aprendizaje (CASFLOW) contribuye a mejorar las puntuaciones en el rendimiento académico y personal del estudiante; además estimula al docente a replantearse los métodos de enseñanza y evaluación que aplica en la actualidad.
Objectives of the Millimetron Space Observatory science program and technical capabilities of its realization
Authors: Novikov I D , Likhachev S F , Shchekinov Yu A , Andrianov A S , Baryshev A M , Vasyunin A I , Wiebe D Z , Graauw Th de , Doroshkevich A G , Zinchenko I I , Kardashev N S , Kostenko V I , Larchenkova T I , Likhacheva L N , Lyakhovets A O , Novikov D I , Pilipenko S V , Punanova A F , Rudnitsky A G , Smirnov A V , Shematovich V I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We present the scientific program of the Spectr-M project aimed at the creation and operation of the Millimetron Space Observatory (MSO) planned for launch in the late 2020s. The unique technical capabilities of the observatory will enable broadband observations of astronomical objects from 50 μm to 10 mm wavelengths with a record sensitivity (up to ∼ 0.1 μJy) in the single-dish mode and with an unprecedented high angular resolution (∼ 0.1 μas) in the ground-space very long baseline interferometer (SVLBI) regime. The program addresses fundamental priority issues of astrophysics and physics in general that can be solved only with the MSO capabilities: 1) the study of physical processes in the early Universe up to redshifts z ∼ 2 × 106 through measuring μ-distortions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectrum, and investigation of the structure and evolution of the Universe at redshifts z < 15 by measuring y-distortions of the CMB spectrum; 2) the investigation of the geometry of space-time around supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the center of our Galaxy and M87 by imaging surrounding shadows, the study of plasma properties in the shadow formation regions, and the search for observational manifestations of wormholes; 3) the study of observational manifestations of the origin of life in the Universe — the search for water and biomarkers in the Galactic interstellar medium. Moreover, the technical capabilities of the MSO can help solve related problems, including the birth of the first galaxies and SMBHs (z ≳ 10), alternative approaches to measuring the Hubble constant, the physics of SMBHs in ‘dusty’ galactic nuclei, the study of protoplanetary disks and water transport in them, and the study of ‘ocean worlds’ in the Solar System.
The Impact of Eddies on Nutrient Supply, Diatom Biomass and Carbon Export in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Shih Yung‐Yen , Hung Chin‐Chang , Tuo Sing‐how , Shao Huan‐Jie , Chow Chun Hoe , Muller François L. L. , Cai Yuan‐Hong 
Published: December 2020

We have investigated the effect of eddies (cold and warm eddies, CEs and WEs) on the nutrient supply to the euphotic zone and the organic carbon export from the euphotic zone to deeper parts of the water column in the northern South China Sea. Besides basic hydrographic and biogeochemical parameters, the flux of particulate organic carbon (POC), a critical index of the strength of the oceanic biological pump, was also measured at several locations within two CEs and one WE using floating sediment traps deployed below the euphotic zone. The POC flux associated with the CEs (85 ± 55 mg-C m−2 d−1) was significantly higher than that associated with the WE (20 ± 7 mg-C m−2 d−1). This was related to differences in the density structure of the water column between the two types of eddies. Within the core of the WE, downwelling created intense stratification which hindered the upward mixing of nutrients and favored the growth of small phytoplankton species. Near the periphery of the WE, nutrient replenishment from below did take place, but only to a limited extent. By far the strongest upwelling was associated with the CEs, bringing nutrients into the lower portion (∼50 m) of the euphotic zone and fueling the growth of larger-cell phytoplankton such as centric diatoms (e.g., Chaetoceros, Coscinodiscus) and dinoflagellates (e.g., Ceratium). A significant finding that emerged from all the results was the positive relationship between the phytoplankton carbon content in the subsurface layer (where the chlorophyll a maximum occurs) and the POC flux to the deep sea.
The Role of Thyroid Hormones and Autoantibodies in Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Fatty Liver Disease: TgAb May Be a Potential Protective Factor
Authors: Zhang Xiaofu , Li Ruyi , Chen Yingjie , Dai Yuning , Chen Ling , Qin Lei , Cheng Xingbo , Lu Yan 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is associated with thyroid hormones (THs), immunity, and inflammation status, but few studies involved thyroid autoimmunity. This study aimed to evaluate the role of THs, thyroid autoantibodies, inflammatory biomarkers in MAFLD, its cofactors, and other possible determinants.Materials and MethodsIn the study, a total of 424 Chinese patients were selected and categorized as non-MAFLD and MAFLD. Serum thyroid hormone, thyroid autoantibody and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were measured. The data of blood pressure, the serum lipid profile, glucose and liver enzymes were collected. The differences and association between research findings were examined and analyzed by Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, One-Way ANOVA test and Multiple Logistic Regression models.ResultsThe study showed significant increase in the prevalence of MAFLD with high thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (P &lt; 0.01) and abnormal high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels (P &lt; 0.01). The proportion of MAFLD patients decreased significantly with the rise of free thyroxine (FT4) (P = 0.04), thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) (P &lt; 0.01), anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) (P &lt; 0.01), and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) levels (P &lt; 0.01). Based on logistic regression analysis, MAFLD was significantly associated with lower levels of TgAb (P &lt; 0.01), TPOAb (P &lt; 0.01), and higher levels of hsCRP (P &lt; 0.01) in male. In female, elevated TgAb (P &lt; 0.01) may be a protective factor, while higher levels of hsCRP (P &lt; 0.01) showed increased risk of MAFLD. Logistic models were adjusted for age, BMI, SBP, DBP, FBG, ALT, AST, TC, TG, LDL, HDL.ConclusionsTaken together, TgAb may be a potential protective factor for MAFLD and elevated hsCRP level should be considered as an independent risk factor for MAFLD in both genders. TPOAb also demonstrated protective effect, but only in male. The prevalence of MAFLD increased with higher TSH levels and lower FT4, TRAb levels, but no significant association were found. However, Our findings provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of MAFLD by further investigating the impact of THs, thyroid autoimmunity, and inflammation on MAFLD patients.
Effect of a Multimodal Movement Intervention in Patients With Neurogenic Claudication Based on Lumbar Spinal Stenosis and/or Degenerative Spondylolisthesis—A Pilot Study
Authors: Broscheid Kim-Charline , Behrendt Tom , Hamacher Dennis , Böker Svantje , Gagelmann Tabea , Schmidt Christian , Caspari Christina , Meiler Katharina , Napiontek Andre , Franke Jörg , Schega Lutz 
Published: December 2020

Chronic low-back pain is a major individual, social, and economic burden. The impairment ranges from deterioration of gait, limited mobility, to psychosocial distress. Due to this complexity, the demand for multimodal treatments is huge. Our purpose is to compare the effects of a multimodal movement intervention (MI) (coordinative–cognitive exercises and dancing program) with standard physical therapy (PT) on gait, physical function, and quality of life in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). The study design is based on a 6-week intervention with a two (group: MI/PT) by two (measurement time points: pre-/post-test) parallel group design with random assignment. Twenty-four subjects (18 female/6 male, 70.8 ± 10.6 years old) diagnosed with LSS were included and randomly allocated to the MI or PT group. The primary outcomes are minimum toe clearance (MTC) and double step length (DSL) variability and the Timed “Up &amp; Go” test (TUG). Secondary outcomes are the Brief Pain Inventory, the short Fall Efficacy Scale–International (sFES-I), and the Oswestry Disability Index. Nine subjects for each group could be analyzed. The MTC variability revealed a significant between-group difference in the posttest (p = 0.008) showing a lower MTC variability for the MI compared to the PT group. The MI group displayed an improved TUG (p = 0.031) and a reduced sFES-I (p = 0.044). The decreased MTC variability and fear of falling as well as the improved functional mobility may contribute to a reduced risk of falling. For the subsequent study, further kinematic and cognitive parameters should be analyzed, and the number of participants has to be increased.Clinical Trial Registration: German Clinical Trial Register (ID: DRKS00021026/URL: https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&amp;TRIAL_ID=DRKS00021026).
Differential Risk of Incident Fractures Depending on Intensity and Frequency of Physical Activity According to Cognitive Status: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study
Authors: Kang Dong Woo , Wang Sheng-Min , Um Yoo Hyun , Na Hae-Ran , Kim Nak-Young , Han Kyungdo , Lee Chang Uk , Lim Hyun Kook 
Published: December 2020

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated an increased risk of fractures in subjects with various degrees of cognitive impairments. Recently, there has been growing recognition of the vital effect of physical activity (PA) on delay and prevention of fractures in older adults.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the optimal intensity and frequency of PA needed to prevent fractures in cognitively preserved older adults (CP), participants with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and dementia patients using a large-scale nationwide cohort study.Methods: Data from a nationwide health screening program for individuals at the transitional age of 66 years were used in this study. A total of 968,240 subjects was enrolled, followed from 2007 to 2014, and classified as CP (n = 759,874), SCD (n = 195,365), or dementia group (n = 13,001). Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) by demographic and known risk factors for fractures were evaluated to identify the impact of various frequency and intensity PA on the occurrence of hip, vertebral, and limb fractures.Results: In CP participants, the most noticeable reduction of hip and vertebral fracture risk was shown in those performing vigorous-intensity PA at least three times per week. In the SCD group, the risk decrement in hip and vertebral fractures was most prominent in subjects who performed multiple-intensity PAs at least three times a week regardless of intensity. In the dementia group, only high-frequency walking and high-frequency &amp; multiple-intensity PA decreased the risk of hip fractures compared with absence of PA.Conclusion: These findings suggest a role for various PA intensity and frequency levels to prevent hip and vertebral fractures according to cognitive status. Further study is needed to validate the effects of PA intensity and frequency proposed in this study on fractures according to cognitive status.