bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Biological Nutrient Removal from Municipal Wastewater and CO2-biofixation using Chlorella kessleri
Authors: Faruque Mohammed Omar , Mohammed Kazeem Ayodeji , Hossain Mohammad Mozahar , Razzak Shaikh Abdur 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Growing microalgae in tertiary wastewater offers a prospective avenue to remove and re-use the nutrients N and P simultaneously. Moreover, CO2 fixation via microalgae is a potential and promising approach of capturing and storing CO2. The impacts of various nitrogen to phosphorous ratios on the growth, nutrient removal from municipal wastewater, and the bio-fixation of CO2 using Chlorella kessleri were evaluated in this study. For this purpose, the microalgae was grown in synthetic wastewater, similar in composition to tertiary municipal wastewater, with NP ratios of 2:1, 4:1, 6:1, and 8:1 in batch photobioreactors for13 days. Biomass concentration increases at all NP ratios and the maximum biomass concentration is 606.79 mg/L at the NP ratio of 2:1. Nitrogen removal is more than 95% at all NP ratios except at 8:1, where it is only 72.4%. The removal efficiency of phosphorous is significantly affected by the NP ratio. The maximum phosphorous removal is about 97% for the NP ratio 6:1, whereas the lowest removal efficiency of about 20% is at the NP ratio of 2:1. The maximum CO2 bio-fixation rate of 89.36 mgL− 1d− 1 at the end of the first 7 days of the cultivation period is at the NP ratio of 6:1. In this study, Monod growth kinetic model based on a single substrate factor was used and the experimental findings agree well with the predictions by the model.
Steroid Metabolites for Diagnosing and Predicting Clinicopathological Features in Cortisol-Producing Adrenocortical Carcinoma.
Authors: Suzuki Sawako , Minamidate Tomoki , Shiga Akina , Ruike Yutarou , Ishiwata Kazuki , Naito Kumiko , Ishida Akiko , Deguchi Hanna , Fujimoto Masanori , Koide Hisashi , Tatsuno Ichiro , Ikeda Jun-ichiro , Yamazaki Yuto , Sasano Hironobu , Yokote Koutaro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
About 60% of adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) are functional, and Cushing's syndrome is the most frequent diagnosis which has been revealed to have particularly poor prognosis. Since 30% of ACC present steroid hormone-producing disorganization, measurement of steroid metabolites in suspected ACC is recommended. Previous reports demonstrated that steroid hormone precursors or its urine metabolites, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) or gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) respectively, are useful for distinguishing ACC from adrenocortical adenoma. However, whether steroid metabolites can predict pathological characteristics or prognosis has not been elucidated. Here, we examined 12 serum steroid metabolites using immunoassay, which is a more rapid and less costly method compared to LC-MS/MS, in cortisol-producing ACC and cortisol-producing adenomas (CPA). Further, the correlation of each steroid metabolite to the stage classification and pathological status in ACC was analyzed. Reflected disorganized steroidogenesis, immunoassay revealed all basal levels of steroid precursors were significantly increased in cortisol-producing ACC compared to CPA; especially 17- hydroxypregnenolone (androgen precursor) and 11-deoxycorticosterone (mineralocorticoid precursor) showed large area under ROC curve with high sensitivity and specificity, when setting the cut-off at 1.78 ng/ml and 0.4 mg/ml, respectively. In cortisol-producing ACC, 11-deoxycortisol (glucocorticoid precursor) showed significant positive correlations to predictive prognostic factors of ENSAT classification, while testosterone showed significant positive correlations to Ki67-index in both men and women. In conclusion, measurement of serum steroid metabolites using immunoassay has great potential not only for diagnosis but also for prediction of the clinicopathological features associated with disease prognosis of ACC, as a simple non-invasive method.
Unveiling the transcriptomic complexity of Miscanthus sinensis using a combination of PacBio long read- and Illumina short read sequencing platforms
Authors: Wang Yongli , Li Xia , Wang Congsheng , Gao Lu , Wu Yanfang , Ni Xingnan , Sun Jianzhong , Jiang Jianxiong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Miscanthus sinensis Andersson is a perennial grass that exhibits remarkable lignocellulose characteristics for sustainable bioenergy production. However, knowledge of the genetic resources of this species is relatively limited, which significantly hampers further work on its interesting biology and genetic improvement.
Results

In this study, through analyzing the transcriptome of mixed samples of leaves and stems using the latest PacBio Iso-Seq sequencing technology combined with Illumina HiSeq, we report the first full-length transcriptome dataset of M. sinensis with a total of 58.21 Gbp clean data. An average of 15.75 Gbp clean reads of each sample were obtained from PacBio Iso-Seq system, which doubled the data size (6.68 Gbp) obtained from the Illumina HiSeq platform. The integrated analyses of PacBio- and Illumina-based transcriptomic data uncovered 408,801 non-redundant transcripts with an average length of 1,685 bp, representing about 60% of the total number of predicted Miscanthus genes. Of those, 189,406 transcripts were commonly identified by both methods, 169,149 transcripts with an average length of 619 bp were uniquely identified by Illumina HiSeq, and 51,246 transcripts with an average length of 2,535 bp were uniquely identified by PacBio Iso-SEq. When comparing our data with genomes of four Andropogoneae species, M. sinensis showed the closest relationship with sugarcane with up to 93% mapping ratios, followed by sorghum with up to 80% mapping ratios, indicating a high conservation of orthologs in these three genomes. Furthermore, 306,228 transcripts were successfully annotated against public databases including cell wall related genes and transcript factor families, thus providing many new insights into gene functions. The PacBio Iso-Seq data also helped identify 3,898 alternative splicing events and 2,963 annotated AS isoforms within 10 function categories.
Conclusions

Taken together, the present study provides a rich data set of full-length transcripts that greatly enriches our understanding of M. sinensis genomic resources, thus facilitating further genetic improvement and molecular studies of the Miscanthus species.
The asynchronous growth and movement reconstruction of the early molting animals
Authors: Lan Tian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Epithelium is one of the basic types of animal tissue, in which tissue boundaries are the physical barriers to separate adjust cell clusters. However, tissue boundary in cellular level can hardly found in the fossil records. Here I focus on the growth and movement patterns of the early Ecdysozoa being through quantifying forces in cellular level of the epithelium of two worms from the early Cambrian and Ordovician period. The epithelium cells (might be but not necessarily represent the biological cell) separate adjust body ring of the early Ecdysozoa indicates a precise morphological patterning in cellular level has been established in the early Cambrian. The forces distribution patterns on the body ring suggest the boundary cells are contribute to maintain pressure gradient among rings which are the building blocks of the movement pattern of the worm. The active tension field of the worms plates though ontogenetic trajectory while epithelium cells are in the steady state indicate these molting animals employ asynchronous growth pattern of the epithelium.
Maternal Healthcare Services Utilization Trajectories in Four Regions of Ethiopia: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Hunduma Alemayehu , Tura Gurmessa , Sena Lelisa , Okwaraji Yemisrach B. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Globally, in 2015 as result of complications related to pregnancy, childbirth, or the postnatal period, 303,000 women died. Among these mortality the lion share burden were in sub-Saharan and Southern Asian countries. To avert the preventable maternal mortality, providing the recommended pregnancy care, delivery and postnatal cares in a continuum manner is imperative. This study aims to assess the trajectories and determinants of maternal healthcare services utilization in four major regions of Ethiopia. Methods: Seven indicator variables were used to construct the maternal healthcare utilization variable. Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of maternal healthcare utilization along the continuum of care. Further, ordinal logistic regression was utilized to identify the determinants of the trajectories of maternal healthcare utilization. STATA 14 was used for data management and analysis and 5% level of significance was used to declare statistical significance. Result: There were 590 mothers who delivered a live-birth in the 12 months period before the interview date. The result of latent class analysis indicates that a little more than two in five of the mothers (43.9%) did not attempt to visit a health facility during pregnancy or for delivery or for postnatal checkup. While women with a good practice of maternal healthcare accounted 6.1%, half (50%) of the women had an inadequate maternal healthcare practice. The trajectory of maternal healthcare utilization has shown a marked difference by region and religious affiliation of women. Whereas older women and women of lowest socio-economic status tend to be in the lowest classes of maternal healthcare utilization, educated women, women of highest socio-economic status and women having a better birth preparedness and complication readiness are found to be in the highest classes of maternal health care service utilization. Conclusions: Women of lower socio-economic status and women of below secondary level of education should be targeted to intensify awareness of the benefit of maternal healthcare services utilization and plan births and deal with complications that arise with pregnancy and childbirth.
Gene co-expression analysis of tomato seed maturation reveals tissue-specific regulatory networks and hubs associated with the acquisition of desiccation tolerance and seed vigour
Authors: Bizouerne Elise , Buitink Julia , Ly-Vu Benoît , Ly-Vu Joseph , Esteban Eddi , Pasha Asher , Provart Nicholas , Verdier Jérôme , Leprince Olivier 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
During maturation seeds acquire several physiological traits to enable them to survive drying and disseminate the species. Few studies have addressed the regulatory networks controlling acquisition of these traits at the tissue level particularly in endospermic seeds such as tomato, which matures in a fully hydrated environment and does not undergo maturation drying. Using temporal RNA-seq analyses of the different seed tissues during maturation, gene network and trait-based correlations were used to explore the transcriptome signatures associated with desiccation tolerance, longevity, germination under water stress and dormancy.
Results
During maturation, 15,173 differentially expressed genes were detected, forming a gene network representing 21 expression modules, with 3 being specific to seed coat and embryo and 5 to the endosperm. A gene-trait significance measure identified a common gene module between endosperm and embryo associated with desiccation tolerance and conserved with non-endospermic seeds. In addition to genes involved in protection such LEA and HSP and ABA response, the module included antioxidant and repair genes. Dormancy was released concomitantly with increase in longevity throughout fruit ripening until 14 days after the red fruit stage. This was paralleled by an increase in SlDOG1-2 and PROCERA transcripts. The progressive increase in seed vigour was captured by three gene modules, one in common between embryo and endosperm and two tissue-specific. The common module was enriched with genes associated with mRNA processing in chloroplast and mitochondria (including penta- and tetratricopeptide repeat-containing proteins) and post-transcriptional regulation, as well several flowering genes. The embryo-specific module contained homologues of ABI4 and CHOTTO1 as hub genes associated with seed vigour, whereas the endosperm-specific module revealed a diverse set of processes that were related to genome stability, defence against pathogens and ABA/GA response genes.
Conclusion
The spatio-temporal co-expression atlas of seed maturation will serve as a valuable resource for the in-depth understanding of the dynamics of gene expression associated with the acquisition of seed vigour at the tissue level.
A prospective study of dual-energy CT in determining the metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes of colorectal cancer
Authors: Qiu Lin , Hu Junjiao , Weng Zeping , Li Fasheng , Wang Fei , Liu Sirun , Jiang Guangyu , Cai Xiangran 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

To explore the ability of Dual-energy CT (DECT) to differentiate metastatic from non-metastatic lymph nodes in colorectal cancer (CRC).
Methods

Seventy-one patients with primary CRC underwent contrast-enhanced DECT imaging before surgery. The colorectal specimen was scanned after surgery, and lymph nodes were matched to the pathology report. The DECT quantitative parameters were analyzed: dual-energy curve slope value(λHU), standardized iodine concentration (n△HU), iodine water ratio (nIWR), electron density value (nρeff), and effective atom-number (nZ), for the metastatic and non-metastatic lymph node differentiation. Also, sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed by using receiver operating characteristic curve.
Results

One hundred and fifty lymph nodes including 66 non-metastatic and 84 metastatic lymph nodes were matched using the radiological-pathological correlation. Metastatic node had a significantly greater λHU, n△HU and nIWR values than non-metastatic node in both arterial and venous phases (P < 0.01). The AUC, sensitivity and specificity were 0.80, 80.30% and 65.48% for λHU; 0.86, 69.70% and 95.24% for n△HU; 0.88, 71.21% and 95.24% for nIWR in the arterial phase. No significant difference was found in electron density and effective Z value for differentiation.
Conclusion

Dual-energy CT quantitative parameters may be helpful in diagnosing metastatic lymph nodes of CRC.
Metabolic Syndrome Components and Acute pancreatitis: A Case-Control Study in China
Authors: Shen zhemin , Wang Xueqiao , Zhen Zili , Wang Yao , Sun Peilong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common inflammatory disorder of pancreas. Recent evidence has shown that metabolic syndrome was positively correlated with the severity of AP. However, only few studies have revealed the relationship between metabolic syndrome and the occurrence of AP. We therefore elucidated the association between the metabolic syndrome components and the incidence rate of AP. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. 705 patients admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 were included in the study. Subjects were divided into case and control group according to their diagnosis: (1) According to the revised Atlanta classification from 2012, patients diagnosed as AP were enrolled into case group. (2) Patients without history of AP or any disease related to metabolic syndrome were allocated into control group. Controls were matched to cases individually by sex and age (control/case ratio=1). Risk factors were determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: The incidence rate of metabolic syndrome with AP patients was 30.9%, which was more frequent than controls (13.2%) (OR=2.975; 95%CI 1.947-4.548, p<0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, histories of smoking or alcohol drinking, biliary stone were important predictors of AP. Besides, occurrence of AP was significantly associated with total cholesterol (TC) (OR=1.831; 95%CI 1.137-2.948, p=0.013), triglyceride (TG) (OR=2.058; 95%CI 1.332-3.179, p=0.001), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (OR =2.345; 95%CI 1.395-3.940, p=0.001), as well as low values of apolipoprotein A (Apo A) (OR =0.247; 95%CI 0.146-0.416, p<0.001). Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome and its components portend high risks of occurrence of AP.
Incident gout and weight change patterns: a retrospective cohort study of US adults
Authors: Bai Lu , ZHOU JIANBO , Wang Yujia , Cardoso Marly Augusto 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To investigated the association between weight change patterns across adulthood and incident gout.
METHODS
Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we categorized individuals into four weight-change groups based on their recalled weight during young adulthood and midlife. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI relating weight change patterns to incident gout over 10-year follow-up were calculated. The hypothetical population attributable fraction (PAF) for the weight change patterns was calculated.
RESULTS
Among our sample of adults who were 40–74 years old at their midlife weight measure (n = 11079), 320 developed to gout. Compared with participants who remained stable non-obese during adulthood, the highest risks were found for gaining weight (HR 1.65; 1.19–2.29) participants. And stable obese pattern had a marginal significance of the elevated risk of incident gout conditions (HR 1.84; 0.98–2.78). No significant associations were found between losing weight change patterns and the risk of gout during the study period. If participants who gained weight had become non-obese during the 10-year follow-up, an estimated 3.2%(95% CI: 0-6.3) of observed gout cases could have been averted. Also, if the population had maintained a normal BMI, 32.9%(95% CI: 18.2–44.9) of cases could have been prevented during the ten years.
CONCLUSIONS
Gaining weight over adulthood was associated with increased risks of gout. These findings highlight that maintaining non-obese weight and weight loss across adulthood is essential for the prevention and treatment of gout in adult life.
Comparing with other countries the spread of COVID-19 within the first 120 days of its outbreak in Nigeria
Authors: Adebowale Ayo Stephen , Fagbamigbe Adeniyi Francis , Akinyemi Joshua Odunayo , Obisesan Olalekan K , Awosanya Emmanuel J , Afolabi Rotimi Felix , Alarape Selim A , Obabiyi Sunday O 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is an emerging global public health crisis. The increase in the daily COVID-19 confirmed cases in Nigeria is worrisome vis-a-vis its large and dense population. This study aims at assessing the first 120 days of COVID-19 case confirmation in Nigeria.Methods: Data extracted from the World Bank’s website were used for the descriptive assessment and modelling of COVID-19 disease using the first 120 days of the index case in Nigeria and seven other countries. Linear, quadratic, cubic and exponential methods of regression model were used to fit the data (α=0.05).Results: The COVID-19 growth pattern in Nigeria was similar to that of Egypt, Ghana and Cameroun; Nigeria COVID-19's daily death distribution was comparable to six of the other seven countries considered. There was an increasing trend in the daily COVID-19 confirmed cases in Nigeria. During the lockdown, the growth rate of COVID-19 in Nigeria was 5.85 (R2=0.728, p<0.001); however, it was 8.42 (R2=0.625, p<0.001) after the lockdown’s relaxation. Across all the countries investigated, the cubic polynomial model (CPM) provided the best fit for predicting COVID-19 cumulative cases and there was a clear deviation from the exponential growth model. Using the CPM, all things being equal, a 3-month (30 September 2020) prediction of COVID-19 cases in Nigeria was 155,467 (95% CI:151,111-159,824, p<0.001).Conclusions: An improvement in COVID-19 control measures and strict compliance with the COVID-19 recommended protocols are essential. A contingency plan is needed to provide care for the active cases in case the predicted target is realised.
Comparative proteomics reveals complex insecticides-associated resistance mechanism of Culex pipiens pallens Coquillett
Authors: Zhang Chongxing , Miao Feng , Shi Qiqi , Cheng Peng , Li Tao , Guo Xiuxia , Xiao Song , Gong Maoqing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Mosquito control based on chemical insecticides is considered as an important element in the current global strategies for the control of mosquito-borne diseases. Unfortunately, the development of insecticide resistance of important vector mosquito species jeopardizes the effectiveness of insecticide-based mosquito control. As opposed to target site resistance, other mechanisms are far from being fully understood.Results: Susceptible strain of Cx. pipiens pallen showed elevated resistance levels to after 25 generations insecticide-selected, through bioinformatics analysis allowed detecting 2,502 proteins, of which 1513 were differentially expression in insecticide-selected strains as compared to the susceptible strain. Finally, midgut differential expression protein profiles and 62 proteins were selected for verification of differential expression using parallel reaction monitoring strategy.Conclusions Significant molecular resources were developed for Cx. pipiens pallen potential candidates involved in metabolic resistance as well as those participating in lower penetration or sequestration of insecticide. Global protein profiles of change to three insecticide strains combined with midgut profiles revealed multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms operate simultaneously in resistant insects of Cx. pipiens pallens. Future research that is targeted towards RNA interference on the identified metabolic targets such as cuticular, cytochrome P450s and glutathione S-transferase proteins could lay the foundation for a better understanding of the genetic basis of insecticide resistance in Cx. pipiens pallen.