bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection rates and residual risk for a postnatal diagnosis of an atypical chromosome aberration following combined first‐trimester screening
Authors: Iwarsson Erik , Conner Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the detection rates of all types of chromosome aberrations and the residual risk for postnatal diagnosis of an atypical chromosome aberration depending on the strategy for further investigation with either noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) or invasive testing in pregnancies with increased risk following combined first‐trimester screening (cFTS).MethodsA review of all pregnancies examined with cFTS during 2010 to 2017.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 129 493 pregnancies. There were 852 (0.7%) clinically significant chromosome aberrations, including aberrations detected later on or after birth. A total of 12% were atypical chromosome aberrations. Considering that 40% were detected due to a miscarriage/intrauterine fetal death or a malformation on ultrasound there is a 0.05% (1:2000) background risk of a postnatal diagnosis of a liveborn child with an atypical chromosome aberration if no further invasive test is performed during pregnancy. If all women with an increased risk (≥1:200) had an invasive test and NIPT was performed up to a risk of 1:1000, 95% of common trisomies/sex chromosome aberrations and 55% of atypical aberrations would be detected.ConclusionsIf NIPT was offered to all women with an increased risk following cFTS it would imply that three times as many children would be born with an atypical chromosome aberration.
Data‐Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry‐Based Proteomics and Software Tools: A Glimpse in 2020
Authors: Zhang Fangfei , Ge Weigang , Ruan Guan , Cai Xue , Guo Tiannan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis review provides a brief overview of the development of data‐independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry‐based proteomics and selected DIA data analysis tools. Various DIA acquisition schemes for proteomics are summarized first including Shotgun‐CID, DIA, MSE, PAcIFIC, AIF, SWATH, MSX, SONAR, WiSIM, BoxCar, Scanning SWATH, diaPASEF, and PulseDIA, as well as the mass spectrometers enabling these methods. Next, the software tools for DIA data analysis are classified into three groups: library‐based tools, library‐free tools, and statistical validation tools. The approaches are reviewed for generating spectral libraries for six selected library‐based DIA data analysis software tools which are tested by the authors, including OpenSWATH, Spectronaut, Skyline, PeakView, DIA‐NN, and EncyclopeDIA. An increasing number of library‐free DIA data analysis tools are developed including DIA‐Umpire, Group‐DIA, PECAN, PEAKS, which facilitate identification of novel proteoforms. The authors share their user experience of when to use DIA‐MS, and several selected DIA data analysis software tools. Finally, the state of the art DIA mass spectrometry and software tools, and the authors’ views of future directions are summarized.
Residential instability, neighborhood deprivation, and pediatric asthma outcomes
Authors: Molina Adolfo L. , Molina Yamilé , Walley Susan C. , Wu Chang L. , Zhu Aowen , Oates Gabriela R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionLimited work has directly compared the role of different neighborhood factors or examined their interactive effects on pediatric asthma outcomes. Our objective was to quantify the main and interactive effects of neighborhood deprivation and residential instability (RI) on pediatric asthma outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cross‐sectional study of patients with a primary diagnosis of asthma hospitalized at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. Residential addresses at the index hospitalization were linked to the state area deprivation index (ADI). RI was coded as the number of residences in the past 4 years. Logistic and ordinal regression and Cox regression survival analyses were used to estimate the effect on the primary outcomes of chronic asthma severity (intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent, severe persistent/other) as defined by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, severe hospitalization (requiring continuous albuterol or intensive care unit care), and time to emergency department (ED) readmission and rehospitalization within 365 days of the index visit, respectively.ResultsIn the sample (N = 664), 21% had severe persistent/other asthma, 22% had severe hospitalization, 37% were readmitted to the ED, and 19% were rehospitalized. Increasing RI was independently associated with more severe chronic asthma (odds ratio = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05, 1.32, P = .004), greater risk of 365‐day ED readmission (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.15, P < .0001), and greater risk of 365‐day rehospitalization (HR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.14, P = .002). There were no significant associations between ADI and these outcomes. Further, we did not find significant evidence of interactive effects.ConclusionsRI appears to be modestly associated with pediatric asthma outcomes, independent of current neighborhood deprivation.
Contemporary integrative taxonomy for sexually deprived protists: A case study of Trachelomonas (Euglenaceae) from western Ukraine
Authors: Žerdoner Čalasan Anže , Kretschmann Juliane , Gottschling Marc 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs many other protist groups, euglenophytes are prone to false identification based solely on morphology because of a limited amount of morphological features and cryptic speciation. One of the supposedly completely asexual groups within the freshwater phototrophic representatives of euglenophytes is Trachelomonas, capable of forming an inorganic shell around its cell (i.e., the lorica). The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants regulates the taxonomy not only of flowering plants, but explicitly also of phototrophic protists, and provides powerful tools to resolve various taxonomic challenges. To exemplify some of the problems and potential solutions, a number of Trachelomonas strains were collected from the muddy, lake‐rich region of Dobrostany and cultivated under stable laboratory conditions. Being a type locality of 58 unclarified Trachelomonas names, this region in western Ukraine is of great taxonomic importance. Based on light and electron microscopy, and on RAxML and MrBayes phylogenetics using multiple loci and a representative taxon sample, a detailed description of investigated strains and their systematic placement is provided. Morphologically, the strains differed slightly but consistently in minute characters such as size, lorica shape and ornamentation. The presently most comprehensive molecular tree of the Euglenaceae indicated to the existence of at least five different species present in the newly investigated samples, although they were collected from localities in very close vicinity to each other and at the same date. Based on morphological comparisons with type illustrations of species validly described 100 or more years ago, biological material was used to epitypify three names of Trachelomonas, eternally linking morphology with reliable genetic information. This taxonomic application is one of the powerful methods to clarify ambiguous scientific names, which has particular importance in character‐poor protists such as the euglenophytes.
Excellent histological results in terms of articular cartilage regeneration after spheroid-based autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI)
Authors: Grevenstein David , Mamilos Andreas , Schmitt Volker H. , Niedermair Tanja , Wagner Willi , Kirkpatrick C. James , Brochhausen Christoph 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Traumatic lesions of articular cartilage represent a crucial risk factor for osteoarthritis. Even if several strategies exist to treat such damages, the optimal solution has not yet been found. A new strategy represents the scaffold-free spheroid-based autologous chondrocyte transplantation. In this method, spheroids of chondrocytes are synthesized after chondrocyte isolation and expansion, followed by the implantation in a second intervention.

Methods
Fine Jamshidi-needle biopsies from five patients (one from each patient, Ø 2 mm) treated with a spheroid-based autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) after traumatic lesions of the articular cartilage of the knee were analysed histologically and immunohistologically for collagen II, collagen X and aggrecan expression. The indication for a second look arthroscopy was given by arthrofibrosis or meniscus-lesions, respectively. The time between ACI and second-look arthroscopy ranged between 6 and 16 months.

Results
In all patients, the histological examinations revealed an avascular cartilage tissue with a homogenic extracellular matrix. The subchondral bone neither showed bleeding, necrosis nor hypertrophy. A homogenous alcian blue staining indicated high amounts of mucopolysaccharides and glycosaminoglycans. Collagen II staining was highly positive, whereas collagen X staining was negative in every patient, ruling out hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation. In addition, intense aggrecan staining indicated a strong expression of this extracellular matrix component.

Conclusion
The present case series represents the first histological and immunohistological analyses of spheroid-based ACI in humans. Spheroid-based ACI revealed excellent histological results regarding the regeneration of hyaline articular cartilage. These results indicate that spheroid based ACI is a promising strategy for treating traumatic lesions of the articular cartilage of the knee.
Experimental investigation on micromachining of epoxy/graphene nano platelet nanocomposites
Authors: Fu Guoyu , Huo Dehong , Shyha Islam , Pancholi Ketan , Alzahrani Bandar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of graphene nano platelet (GNP) content (%weight fraction) on the machinability of epoxy/GNP nanocomposites. The machinability of nanocomposites with varying loadings of GNP content was evaluated experimentally through the characterisation of cutting forces, surface morphology, chip morphology and tool wear. The minimum chip thickness phenomena of epoxy/GNP occurred at feed per tooth (FPT) between 0.2 and 0.4 μm. In order to achieve to better surface quality, the FPT should be over 0.4 μm. Epoxy/GNP with 1.0 wt% nanocomposite has produced the highest cutting force of a feed rate of ~ 3 N at 12 μm/rev. Epoxy/GNP nanocomposites exhibit the different cracking tendencies compared with plain epoxy, and the tool wear for GNP/epoxy nanocomposites is very small compared with metal nanocomposites. There is no significant difference in slot width accuracy between different types of tools, such as uncoated tool, diamond-like carbon-coated and diamond-coated tools.
Optimal Regularity and Structure of the Free Boundary for Minimizers in Cohesive Zone Models
Authors: Caffarelli L. , Cagnetti F. , Figalli A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe study optimal regularity and free boundary for minimizers of an energy functional arising in cohesive zone models for fracture mechanics. Under smoothness assumptions on the boundary conditions and on the fracture energy density, we show that minimizers are $$C^{1, 1/2}$$C1,1/2, and that near non-degenerate points the fracture set is $$C^{1, \alpha }$$C1,α, for some $$\alpha \in (0, 1)$$α∈(0,1).
A tale of autoimmunity: thymoma, thymectomy, and systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Mollaeian Arash , Haas Christopher 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe thymus plays an integral role in immune system regulation, modulating the development, diversity, and selection of T lymphocytes, a critical feature for the prevention of T cell-mediated autoimmunity. Thymoma is a rare tumor of the thymus. Autoimmune diseases and paraneoplastic syndromes such as myasthenia gravis, pure red blood cell aplasia, and systemic lupus erythematosus, although relatively uncommon, have been described in association with thymomas. Rare cases of post-thymectomy autoimmune related diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and pure red cell aplasia, have been reported in the literature. Here, we present the case of a 65-year-old male who developed systemic lupus erythematosus 2 years after thymectomy in the setting of thymoma-associated pure red cell aplasia.
Impact of artificial intelligence adoption on online returns policies
Authors: Yang Guangyong , Ji Guojun , Tan Kim Hua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe shift to e-commerce has led to an astonishing increase in online sales for retailers. However, the number of returns made on online purchases is also increasing and have a profound impact on retailers’ operations and profit. Hence, retailers need to balance between minimizing and allowing product returns. This study examines an offline showroom versus an artificial intelligence (AI) online virtual-reality webroom and how the settings affect customers’ purchase and retailers’ return decisions. A case study is used to illustrate the AI application. Our results show that adopting artificial intelligence helps sellers to make better returns policies, maximize reselling returns, and reduce the risks of leftovers and shortages. Our findings unlock the potential of artificial intelligence applications in retail operations and should interest practitioners and researchers in online retailing, especially those concerned with online returns policies and the consumer personalized service experience.
A Note on Scalar-Gradient Sharpening in the Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: van Hooft J. Antoon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe scalar front generated by the horizontal self advection of a dipolar vortex through a modest scalar gradient is investigated. This physical scenario is an idealization of the emergence of strong temperature ramps in the stable atmospheric boundary layer. The proposed mechanism is discussed and a two-dimensional analogy is studied in depth using direct numerical simulation. More specifically, the scalar-gradient sharpening is investigated as a function of the Reynolds number. It appears that the process of gradient sharpening at large-eddy scales may be challenging for turbulence-resolving methods applied to the stable-boundary-layer regime.
Climate change, ecosystem services and migration in the Marshall Islands: are they related?
Authors: van der Geest Kees , Burkett Maxine , Fitzpatrick Juno , Stege Mark , Wheeler Brittany 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs one of the lowest-lying island nation states in the world, the Republic of the Marshall Islands is vulnerable to sea level rise, flooding and the associated impacts on soil and water salinity. Persistent drought is further affecting agricultural production and access to drinking water, and heat stress is increasingly common. The number of Marshallese people residing in the USA has increased rapidly from 6650 in 2000 to an estimated 30,000 in 2018. While we know that climate change is already affecting the Marshall Islands and that there are significant migration flows, we do not know to what extent people already migrate because of climate change. This paper addresses this gap and presents findings from interdisciplinary fieldwork in the Marshall Islands and destination areas in the USA. The research team conducted a survey (N = 278), focus group discussions, expert interviews and a geo-spatial analysis of flood extent and migration rates to study the relationship between climatic events, ecosystem services and migration. The results show that respondents primarily cite education, health care, work and family visits as migration drivers, and only few mention climate impacts or environmental change. However, respondents do identify impacts of climate change on their livelihoods, health and safety, and the study finds significant correlations between climate impacts, trends in ecosystem services and migration propensities at household level. Furthermore, 62% of Marshallese respondents in the USA indicated that climate change affects their decision to return to Marshall Islands in the future.
On the judicial annulment of the ‘domestic’ trade moratorium in South African rhinoceros horn: a law and economics perspective
Authors: Collins Alan , Cox Caroline , Marire Juniours 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe legalization of rhino horn ‘domestic’ trade in South Africa potentially unleashes market forces featuring new entry, new tastes and new rhino horn products. This risks escalating the rhino-poaching crisis further. It is argued that institutional contradictions have been engendered by the South African High Court ruling in Kruger and another v Minister of Water and Environmental Affairs and others [2015] JOL 34725, whose assumptions are shown to be highly restrictive and seemingly poorly informed about the true nature of demand for rhino horn and the dynamics of poaching. The shortcoming in the legal decision-making pertains to not taking account of the absence of any evidence for the existence of domestic demand for rhino horns in South Africa. The key arguments presented herein align with support for the reinstitution of the rhino horn trade moratorium, as well as administrative measures implemented effectively to contain the poaching crisis.
Schooling for Pupils with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Parents’ Perspectives
Authors: Anderson Lotta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe current study, based on a survey of 1799 parents, explored parental perspectives of school absence in relation to approved grades, challenges, demands and obstacles in education for children with autism spectrum disorder. The results revealed a relatively high rate of school absenteeism for reasons other than illness. Girls had higher rates of absenteeism than boys for short durations of absence. Absenteeism was primarily caused by a lack of teacher competence regarding autism and inadequate adaptation of teaching. There were no significant differences between genders in approved grades, but the rate of failure to achieve approved grades was approximately 50%. The most common form of educational support was support from special needs teachers and adapted pedagogy.
Counterurbanisation: why settled families move out of the city again
Authors: Karsten Lia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAfter decades of massive family suburbanisation, we have observed a steady increase in family households in various European capitals, including Amsterdam. Currently, the number of Amsterdam families is still increasing, however the number of families leaving the city is also growing and again on the rise. How can we explain this change, particularly for settled families that used to avoid outmigration? Empirical results are obtained from a qualitative study of urban middle class parents with children of primary school age who have recently moved out of Amsterdam. The results reveal that the shortage in the supply of family housing at a reasonable price for all families is the prime incentive to move. Underneath shared financial argumentations, however, we can distinguish three types of families that have specific motivations to move: pragmatic movers, displaced families and happy movers. The motivations to move are strongly related to different parental narratives of a ‘good childhood environment’. The results reveal further that the current displacement patterns are not only class-driven but include highly educated double-income family households. This paper ends with a short discussion of how to prevent cities from becoming homogeneous, rich non-family places.
Does the EQ-5D-5L benefit from extension with a cognitive domain: Testing a multi-criteria psychometric strategy in trauma patients
Authors: Geraerds A. J. L. M. , Bonsel Gouke J. , Polinder Suzanne , Panneman M. J. M. , Janssen M. F. , Haagsma Juanita A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This study investigated the psychometric yield of extension of the EQ-5D-5L with a cognitive domain (EQ-5D+C) in a mixed cohort of trauma patients with repeated data.

Methods
A stratified sample of patients that presented at the emergency department filled out a follow-up survey 6 and 12 months after trauma. The surveys included the EQ-5D-5L+C, EQ-VAS, and the impact of events scale-revised (IES-R), a validated post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) self-assessment scale. Generally, results of the EQ-5D and EQ-5D+C were compared. Psychometrics included the following: distributional features (ceiling/floor effects), discriminatory performance, convergent validity with the EQ-VAS as reference, and responsiveness to change. Psychometric properties were compared between predefined subgroups based on conditions with cognitive impact (Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)/PTSD).

Results
In total, 1799 trauma patients responded 6 and 12 months after trauma, including 107 respondents with PTSD, and 273 with TBI. Six months post-trauma, ceiling of the EQ-5D (26.3%) was reduced with 2.2% with the additional cognitive domain. Using EQ-VAS as reference, convergent validity increased slightly with the addition of the cognitive domain: correlation increasing from 0.651 to 0.664. Cognitive level was found to slightly improve over time in TBI (delta: 0.04) and PTSD patients (delta: 0.05), while (almost) no change was found in patients without TBI and PTSD.

Conclusion
Adding a cognitive domain to the EQ-5D-5L slightly improved measurement properties and better captured change in health status for trauma patients with TBI and PTSD. Inclusion of the cognitive domain in the EQ-5D-5L when measuring in populations with cognitive problems should be considered.
GaN 2DEG Varactor-Based Impulse Suppression Module for Protection Against Malicious Electromagnetic Interference
Authors: Shih Chien-Fu , Chang Liann-Be , Jeng Ming-Jer , Hsieh Yu-Li , Li Ying-Chang , Ding Zi-Xin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA GaN-based metal–semiconductor–metal varactor with a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) layer is proposed and fabricated. The capacitance variation of this fabricated varactor biased at different external voltages is studied and measured, and the frequency-dependent capacitance and resistance of the varactor are simulated by a corresponding empirical formula. A high-frequency protective filter is further constructed and placed under a large pulsed-current injection in a malicious electromagnetic interference immunity test. The results show that the proposed GaN-based module can reduce the large pulsed current to an acceptably small level. Thus, the GaN-based 2DEG varactor is an attractive candidate for applications designed to protect the upcoming 5G high-frequency system from risks such as electrostatic discharge, lightning, and electromagnetic pulses.
Performance of a Thermoelectric Module Based on n-Type (La0.12Sr0.88)0.95TiO3−δ and p-Type Ca3Co4−xO9+δ
Authors: Kanas Nikola , Skomedal Gunstein , Desissa Temesgen Debelo , Feldhoff Armin , Grande Tor , Wiik Kjell , Einarsrud Mari-Ann 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHere, we present the performance of a thermoelectric (TE) module consisting of n-type (La0.12Sr0.88)0.95TiO3 and p-type Ca3Co4−xO9+δ materials. The main challenge in this investigation was operating the TE module in different atmospheric conditions, since n-type has optimum TE performance at reducing conditions, while p-type has optimum at oxidizing conditions. The TE module was exposed to two different atmospheres and demonstrated higher stability in N2 atmosphere than in air. The maximum electrical power output decreased after 40 h when the hot side was exposed to N2 at 600°C, while only 1 h at 400°C in ambient air was enough to oxidize (La0.12Sr0.88)0.95TiO3 followed by a reduced electrical power output. The module generated maximum electrical power of 0.9 mW (∼ 4.7 mW/cm2) at 600°C hot side and δT ∼ 570 K in N2, and 0.15 mW (∼ 0.8 mW/cm2) at 400°C hot side and δT ∼ 370 K in air. A stability limit of Ca3Co3.93O9+δ at ∼ 700°C in N2 was determined by in situ high-temperature x-ray diffraction.