bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between attachment insecurity and experiences on the paranoia continuum: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Murphy Regina , Goodall Karen , Woodrow Amanda 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesAttachment has long been theorized to play a key role in the development of paranoia. Associations between both constructs have been reported over the last decade, but have ranged widely in magnitude to date. The present study is the first publication to synthesize existing literature and provide a meta‐analytic estimate of the attachment–paranoia relationship.MethodsA systematic search of studies available up to January 2019 was conducted using Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, OpenGrey, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. This yielded 26 studies which met inclusion criteria (N = 10,539; mean age range 16–47; 45% male). Data were analysed using random effects models with restricted maximum likelihood variance estimator. Age and sex were examined as moderators in meta‐regressions.ResultsParanoia was significantly associated with attachment anxiety (r = .38; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.44; p < .0001; I2 = 88%; k = 26) and attachment avoidance (r = .24; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.29; p < .0001; I2 = 79%; k = 26). The strength of these associations did not differ between clinical and non‐clinical participant samples. Neither age nor sex moderated identified relationships.ConclusionsThere is a moderate association between both constructs of interest. These findings suggest that attachment insecurity may be an active agent in the aetiology and/or maintenance of experiences on the paranoia continuum. Implications for psychological treatment, for example, consideration of attachment status in formulations, are briefly discussed.Practitioner points

Paranoia is associated with both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance.

These associations are of similar strength for people with and without psychosis.

Attachment may contribute to the development and/or maintenance of paranoia.

It may be beneficial to target attachment in psychological therapies for psychosis.
Complexity within an oil palm monoculture: The effects of habitat variability and rainfall on adult dragonfly (Odonata) communities
Authors: Luke Sarah H. , Dwi Advento Andreas , Dow Rory A. , Aryawan Anak Agung Ketut , Barclay Holly , Eycott Amy E. , Hinsch Julie K. , Kurniawan Candra , Naim Mohammad , Mann Darren J. , Pujianto  , Purnomo Dedi , Rambe Tuani Dzulfikar Siguga , Slade Eleanor M. , Soeprapto  , Ps Sudharto , Suhardi  , Tarigan Ribka Sionita , Wahyuningsih Resti , Widodo Rudy Harto , Caliman Jean‐Pierre , Snaddon Jake L. , Foster William A. , Turner Edgar C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRecent expansion of oil palm agriculture has resulted in loss of forest habitat and forest‐dependent species. However, large numbers of species—particularly insects—can persist within plantations. This study focuses on Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies): a charismatic indicator taxon and a potentially valuable pest control agent. We surveyed adult Odonata populations biannually over three years within an industrial oil palm plantation in Sumatra, Indonesia. We assessed the effects of rainfall (including an El Niño Southern Oscillation‐associated drought), the role of roadside ditches, and the importance of understory vegetation on Odonata populations. To assess the impacts of vegetation, we took advantage of a long‐term vegetation management experiment that is part of the Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function in Tropical Agriculture (BEFTA) Programme. We found 41 Odonata species, and communities varied between plantation core and roadside edge microhabitats, and between seasons. Abundance was significantly related to rainfall levels four months before surveys, probably indicating the importance of high water levels in roadside ditches for successful larval development. We found no significant effect of the BEFTA understory vegetation treatments on Odonata abundance, and only limited effects on community composition, suggesting that local understory vegetation structure plays a relatively unimportant role in determining communities. Our findings highlight that there are large numbers of Odonata species present within oil palm plantations and suggest that their abundance could potentially be increased by maintaining or establishing waterbodies. As Odonata are predators, this could bring pest control benefits, in addition to enhancing biodiversity within intensive agricultural landscapes.Abstract in Indonesian is available with online material.
Down by the riverside: Riparian edge effects on three monkey species in a fragmented Costa Rican forest
Authors: Bolt Laura M. , Schreier Amy L. , Voss Kristofor A. , Sheehan Elizabeth A. , Barrickman Nancy L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRivers represent natural edges in forests, serving as transition zones between landscapes. Natural edge effects are important to study to understand how intrinsic habitat variations affect wildlife as well as the impact of human‐induced forest fragmentation. We examined the influence of riparian and anthropogenic edge on mantled howler, white‐faced capuchin, Central American spider monkeys, and vegetation structure at La Suerte Biological Research Station (abbreviated as LSBRS), Costa Rica. We predicted lower monkey encounter rate, tree species richness, and median dbh at both edge types compared to interior and that monkeys would show species‐specific responses to edge based on size and diet. We expected large, folivorous–frugivorous howler monkeys and small, generalist capuchins would be found at increased density in forest edge, while large, frugivorous spider monkeys would be found at decreased density in forest edge. We conducted population and vegetation surveys along interior, riparian, and anthropogenic edge transects at LSBRS and used GLMM to compare vegetation and monkey encounter rate. Tree species richness and median dbh were higher in forest interior than anthropogenic edge zones. Although spider monkey encounter rate did not vary between forest edges and interior, howler monkeys were encountered at highest density in riparian edge, while capuchins were encountered at highest density in anthropogenic edge. Our results indicate that diverse forest edges have varying effects on biota. Vegetation was negatively affected by forest edges, while monkey species showed species‐specific edge preferences. Our findings suggest that riparian zones should be prioritized for conservation in Neotropical forests.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
A historical and comparative review of 50 years of root data collection in Puerto Rico
Authors: Yaffar Daniela , Norby Richard J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFine roots play an important role in plant nutrition, as well as in carbon, water, and nutrient cycling. Fine roots account for a third of terrestrial net primary production (NPP), and inclusion of their structure and function in global carbon models should improve predictions of ecosystem responses to climate change. However, studies focusing on underground plant components are much less frequent than those on aboveground structure. This is more marked in the tropics, where one‐third of the planet's terrestrial NPP is produced. Some tropical forests have been more represented in the literature than others, as demonstrated in the collective studies in Puerto Rico. This Caribbean island's biodiversity, frequency of natural disturbances, ease of access to forests, and long‐term plots have created an ideal place for the study of tropical ecological processes. This literature review emphasizes 50 years of root research and patterns revealed around Puerto Rico. The data in this review were compiled from scientific publications, conference reports, symposiums, and raw data shared by some researches. Emergent patterns include the shallow distribution of fine roots, the great variation in root biomass among different forest types, little variation in root phosphorus concentrations, the slow recovery of root biomass after Hurricane Hugo, and the fact that most data on roots come from the wet tropical Luquillo Experimental Forest, causing other habitat types to be underrepresented. This review also shows the gaps in knowledge about fine roots in the island's ecosystems, which should be used to promote and guide future studies.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Epidermal growth factor‐induced COX‐2 regulates metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through upregulation of angiopoietin‐like 4
Authors: Chiang Kuo‐Hwa , Shieh Jiunn‐Min , Shen Chih‐Jie , Chang Ting‐Wei , Wu Pei‐Ting , Hsu Jinn‐Yuan , Tsai Jhih‐Peng , Chang Wen‐Chang , Chen Ben‐Kuen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and activation are the major causes of metastasis in cancers such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the reciprocal effect of EGF‐induced COX‐2 and angiopoietin‐like 4 (ANGPTL4) on HNSCC metastasis remains unclear. In this study, we revealed that the expression of ANGPTL4 is essential for COX‐2‐derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)‐induced tumor cell metastasis. We showed that EGF‐induced ANGPTL4 expression was dramatically inhibited with the depletion and inactivation of COX‐2 by knockdown of COX‐2 and celecoxib treatment, respectively. Prostaglandin E2 induced ANGPTL4 expression in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manners in various HNSCC cell lines through the ERK pathway. In addition, the depletion of ANGPTL4 and MMP1 significantly impeded the PGE2‐induced transendothelial invasion ability of HNSCC cells and the binding of tumor cells to endothelial cells. The induction of molecules involved in the regulation of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition was also dependent on ANGPTL4 expression in PGE2‐treated cells. The depletion of ANGPTL4 further blocked PGE2‐primed tumor cell metastatic seeding of lungs. These results indicate that the EGF‐activated PGE2/ANGPTL4 axis enhanced HNSCC metastasis. The concurrent expression of COX‐2 and ANGPTL4 in HNSCC tumor specimens provides insight into potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of EGFR‐associated HNSCC metastasis.
Does the gender of a practitioner matter in early childhood education and care? Perspectives from Scottish and Chinese young children
Authors: Xu Yuwei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper responds to concerns over the assumed ‘feminisation’ of early childhood education and care (ECEC) and adds children's perspectives to debates on whether more men should work in ECEC. Pictorial conversations were conducted with 280 children aged 2–6 years old from the cities of Edinburgh, Hong Kong and Tianjin. Findings show that although children sometimes related practitioners to their gendered experiences in and outside ECEC, children's gender subjectivities are dynamic and are linked to their short‐term and long‐term, fluid and stable, and interactive relationships with practitioners. This paper argues that practitioners need to openly discuss gender with children in ECEC practices and pedagogies.
Socioeconomic inequality and adjustments in children’s perceptions of their agency as they age in South Korea
Authors: Kim Chae‐Young , Gewirtz Sharon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper explores how children's perceptions of their agency, as something that is closely associated with its exercise, appear in relation to social structural factors, especially their socioeconomic positions, as they age. Using data from 862 10–18 years old in South Korea, we examine how children's expressed optimism about their ability to achieve their occupational choices can conceal the impact of structural factors on their ‘choices’ and dispositions for (non‐)action over time. Based on the findings, we argue for a more careful interpretation of children's sense of agency that recognises its propensity to continuously adjust in contexts of structural inequality.
A new paradigm: Bringing a historical and sociopolitical trauma lens to the training for welfare practitioners working with Aboriginal families
Authors: Menzies Karen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article argues that child protection agencies must provide mandatory training about the Aboriginal experience within the welfare state and the resultant trauma that exists in Australian Indigenous communities. This article highlights the areas of curriculum to be included in training for welfare practitioners working with Aboriginal families in the New South Wales child protection system. The training content explores the Stolen Generations’ trauma experiences of child loss and examines the dichotomy between past child welfare laws and present child protection laws and intergenerational racism. Another key component of the training comprises information about the impacts of trauma on brain development.
The punitive transition in youth justice: Reconstructing the child as offender
Authors: Case Stephen , Bateman Tim 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe transition from ‘child’ to ‘offender’ status can be fast‐tracked when offending is formally recognised through formal disposal, with children treated increasing punitively as they progress through the Youth Justice System. The status and ‘offenderising’ transitions of children who offend is socio‐historically contingent, not only on their behaviour, but on political, socio‐economic, societal, systemic and demography. We support this perspective through a periodised re‐examination of four socio‐historical trajectories in the construction of the ‘youth offender’: Conflict, ambivalence and bifurcation (1908‐1979); depenalising diversion and back to justice (1980‐1992), fast‐tracking the child to offender transition (1993‐2007) and tentative depenalisation (2008 to present).
An adaptive plan for prioritizing road sections for fencing to reduce animal mortality
Authors: Spanowicz Ariel G. , Teixeira Fernanda Zimmermann , Jaeger Jochen A. G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMortality of animals on roads is a critical threat to many wildlife populations and is poised to increase strongly because of ongoing and planned road construction. If these new roads cannot be avoided, effective mitigation measures will be necessary to stop biodiversity decline. Fencing along roads effectively reduces roadkill and is often used in combination with wildlife passages. Because fencing the entire road is not always possible due to financial constraints, high‐frequency roadkill areas are often identified to inform the placement of fencing. We devised an adaptive fence‐implementation plan to prioritize road sections for fencing. In this framework, areas along roads of high, moderate, and low levels of animal mortality (respectively, roadkill hotspots, warmspots, and coldspots) are identified at multiple scales (i.e., in circles of different diameters [200–2000 m] in which mortality frequency is measured). Fence deployment is based on the relationship between the amount of fencing being added to the road, starting with the strongest roadkill hotspots, and potential reduction in road mortality (displayed in mortality‐reduction graphs). We applied our approach to empirical and simulated spatial patterns of wildlife–vehicle collisions. The scale used for analysis affected the number and spatial extent of roadkill hot‐, warm‐, and coldspots. At fine scales (e.g., 200 m), more hotspots were identified than at coarse scales (e.g., 2000 m), but combined the fine‐scale hotspots covered less road and less fencing was needed to reduce road mortality. However, many short fences may be less effective in practice due to a fence‐end effect (i.e., animals moving around the fence more easily), resulting in a trade‐off between few long and many short fences, which we call the FLOMS (few‐long‐or‐many‐short) fences trade‐off. Thresholds in the mortality‐reduction graphs occurred for some roadkill patterns, but not for others. Thresholds may be useful to consider when determining road‐mitigation targets. The existence of thresholds at multiple scales and the FLOMS trade‐off have important implications for biodiversity conservation.
China, Like the US, Faces Challenges in Achieving Inclusive Growth through Manufacturing
Authors: Lawrence Robert Z. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor more than three decades the goal of becoming “the factory of the world” has been at the core of China's development strategy. This strategy, in combination with high rates of domestic investment and low rates of consumption, has made Chinese production the most manufacturing intensive in the world. But as its wages have risen, China's competitiveness in the most labor‐intensive manufacturing industries has eroded. Its ability to assemble products remains a major source of its exports, but it has also tried to shift toward more sophisticated value‐added production domestically. Chinese domestic spending has shifted away from investment toward consumption as citizens' income has grown. Like Americans, Chinese are also spending more on services than on manufactured goods. All of these changes are fundamentally altering the structure of China's production, reducing the role of manufacturing and increasing the skill levels of workers in manufacturing. This paper reviews the challenges posed by these developments for China's long‐term goal of achieving more inclusive growth. It presents evidence that the commonly held perceptions that Chinese manufacturing employment growth is robust are wrong. In fact, such growth has peaked and China is now following a pattern of structural change that is typical of a more mature emerging economy, in which the share of employment in manufacturing declines as workers are increasingly employed in services.
European versus American Perspectives on the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Sarsenbayev Madi , Véron Nicolas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChina has started to deploy its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in the European Union (EU), and the EU in turn has regional and global interests that intersect with the BRI's scope. Subject to future adjustments of China's BRI strategy, the initiative's potential contribution to the EU requirements for infrastructure development could be significant, even though its modalities in the EU are inevitably different from those in countries that are poorer or have more difficult financial market access. The EU's attitude to the BRI, however, has not yet fully coalesced. Despite superficial similarities in public discourses, the EU has a profoundly distinct perspective from that of the US on the BRI, and more generally on the rise of China and its growing global influence. For the EU, the BRI generates challenges but also potential benefits. The EU should improve its ability to welcome sensible BRI projects, including through the adoption of greater reform of screening frameworks for foreign direct investment. More generally, the EU should enhance its ability to define policies independent of the US on China and the challenges resulting from China's rise. China should also make further efforts to foster a constructive relationship with the EU.
Sodium channel epilepsies and neurodevelopmental disorders: from disease mechanisms to clinical application
Authors: Brunklaus Andreas , Lal Dennis 
Published: March 2020

Genetic variants in brain‐expressed voltage‐gated sodium channels (SCNs) have emerged as one of the most frequent causes of Mendelian forms of epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). This review explores the biological concepts that underlie sodium channel NDDs, explains their phenotypic heterogeneity, and appraises how this knowledge may inform clinical practice. We observe that excitatory/inhibitory neuronal expression ratios of sodium channels are important regulatory mechanisms underlying brain development, homeostasis, and neurological diseases. We hypothesize that a detailed understanding of gene expression, variant tolerance, location, and function, as well as timing of seizure onset can aid the understanding of how variants in SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN3A, and SCN8A contribute to seizure aetiology and inform treatment choice. We propose a model in which variant type, development‐specific gene expression, and functions of SCNs explain the heterogeneity of sodium channel associated NDDs. Understanding of basic disease mechanisms and detailed knowledge of variant characteristics have increasing influence on clinical decision making, enabling us to stratify treatment and move closer towards precision medicine in sodium channel epilepsy and NDDs.What this paper adds

Sodium‐channel disorder heterogeneity is explained by variant‐specific gene expression timing and function.

Gene tolerance and location analyses aid sodium channel variant interpretation.

Sodium‐channel variant characteristics can contribute to clinical decision making.
The role of drought as a determinant of hemorrhagic disease in the eastern United States
Authors: Christensen Sonja A. , Ruder Mark G. , Williams David M. , Porter William F. , Stallknecht David E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (HD) virus are globally distributed, vector‐borne viruses that infect and cause disease in domestic and wild ruminant species. The forces driving increases in resulting HD may be linked to weather conditions and increasing severity has been noted in northerly latitudes. We evaluated the role of drought severity in both space and time on changes in HD reports across the eastern United States for a recent 15 year period. The objectives of this study were to: (a) develop a spatiotemporal model to evaluate if drought severity explains changing patterns of HD presence; and (b) determine whether this potential risk factor varies in importance over the present range of HD in the eastern United States. Historic data (2000–2014) from an annual HD presence–absence survey conducted by the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study and from the United States Drought Monitor were used for this analysis. For every county in 23 states and for each of 15 years, data were based on reported drought status for August, wetland cover, the physiographic region, and the status of HD in the previous year. We used a generalized linear mixed model to explain HD presence and evaluated spatiotemporal predictors across the region. We found that drought severity was a significant predictor of HD presence and the significance of this relationship was dependent on latitude. In more northerly latitudes, where immunological naivety is most likely, we demonstrated the increasing strength of drought severity as a determinant of reported HD and established the importance of variation in drought severity as a risk factor over the present range of HD in the eastern United States. Our research provides spatially explicit evidence for the link between climate forces and emerging disease patterns across latitude for a globally distributed disease.