bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lesebarrieren im inklusiven Mathematikunterricht überwinden – visuelle und sprachliche Unterstützungsmaßnahmen im empirischen Vergleich
Authors: Noll Anna , Roth Jürgen , Scholz Markus 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungSprache kommt im Mathematikunterricht eine tragende Rolle zu. Schülerinnen und Schüler mit und ohne sonderpädagogischen Förderbedarf können jedoch Schwierigkeiten beim Erfassen von in Schriftsprache dargebotener Informationen haben. Das Ziel dieser Studie besteht darin, herauszufinden, wie solche Lesebarrieren reduziert werden können. Ein erleichterter Zugang zu Arbeitsaufträgen könnte durch den Einsatz von Leichter Sprache und Piktogrammen erreicht werden. Auch die Visualisierung kompletter Sätze durch Fotos könnte hilfreich sein. Zentrale Fragestellung dieser Studie ist, inwieweit die Verwendung von Leichter Sprache bzw. Leichter Sprache und Piktogrammen oder Fotos die Performanz bei der Bearbeitung mathematischer Aufgaben verbessert. Die Stichprobe bestand aus Schülerinnen und Schülern mit einem sonderpädagogischen Förderbedarf im Bereich Lernen (N = 144) und Lernenden ohne sonderpädagogischen Förderbedarf (N = 159). Die Schülerinnen und Schüler bearbeiteten Aufgaben, in welchen es um die Einführung des Bruchzahlbegriffs ging, in einer der folgenden Versionen:Leichte Sprache(EG 1),Leichte Sprache +Piktogramme(EG 2),Leichte Sprache +Fotos(EG 3) oderkeine Unterstützungsmaßnahme(EG 4). Die Lesefertigkeit und der IQ der Lernenden wurde vor der Bearbeitung der Aufgaben erhoben, um vergleichbare Experimentalgruppen bilden zu können. Es zeigte sich ein signifikanter Effekt der verschiedenen Bedingungen auf die Aufgabenbearbeitung. Eine Post-Hoc-Analyse verdeutlichte, dass die Signifikanz aus dem Unterschied zwischen EG 3 und EG 4 resultierte. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler in EG 3 bearbeiteten die Aufgaben erfolgreicher als die Lernenden in EG 4.
Research in minors with a recent history of trauma—A bold venture?
Authors: Mayerhofer Doris , Schwarzenberg Julia , Rüsch Regina , Bogyi Gertrude , Skala Katrin 
Published: January 2020

SummaryLittle research has been performed so far on the mental health state of grieving and recently traumatized children. “The Buoy” (“Die Boje”), a low threshold ambulatory provides non-bureaucratic help and short time psychotherapy to children and adolescents in need of professional support at no charge and treats about 1400 minors per year. Whilst performing a study on these patients with special regard to their social network, we found the process of recruitment to be extraordinarily challenging. Only about 25% of the eligible patients could be recruited successfully within during the period of one year. In this paper we try to examine the barriers we had to overcome in gaining access to the sensitive field of grieving and traumatized children and adolescents who rely on low threshold psychotherapeutic and neuropsychiatric support and analyze the factors leading to the high number of dropouts. In addition, the consequences for our results will be discussed.
Screening strategies for the diagnosis of asymptomatic Leishmania infection in dialysis patients as a model for kidney transplant candidates
Authors: Comai Giorgia , Mistral De Pascali Alessandra , Busutti Marco , Morini Silvia , Ortalli Margherita , Conte Diletta , Re Maria Carla , La Manna Gaetano , Varani Stefania 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite being considered a tropical disease, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused byL. infantumis also endemic in the Mediterranean Europe and represents an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. VL occurring in kidney transplant recipients is a severe event, often worsening the renal damage and leading to poor outcome. It is believed that most of VL cases in transplant recipients are caused by reactivation of a pre-existent, dormant leishmanial infection induced by the immunosuppressive drugs. Nevertheless, the prevalence of asymptomaticLeishmaniainfection in candidates to kidney transplant residing in or visiting endemic areas is unknown. AsL. infantumis highly circulating in northeastern Italy, we aimed to examine the occurrence of this parasitic infection in 119 dialysis patients living in the mentioned area, 71 of whom were potential candidates to kidney transplant. By employing a combination of sensitive serological and molecular methods, we observed a prevalence of 15.9% asymptomaticLeishmaniainfection in the study cohort. This finding emphasizes the need of further evaluating potential screening strategies forLeishmaniainfection in solid organ transplant candidates residing in or visiting endemic areas.
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Erectile Dysfunction Associated With Peyronie’s Disease Among Men Seeking Urological Care
Authors: Segundo Antonio , Glina Sidney 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a connective tissue disorder of the penis characterized by an abnormality in collagen structure of penile tunica albuginea.

Aim
We sought to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and the relationship between erectile dysfunction (ED) and PD in male patients aged 30–80 years seeking urological care.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study using data collected from October 2016 to October 2017 in an outpatient clinic associated with the Brazilian Public Health System. All men aged 30 to 80 years were invited to participate. Data collected were related to the clinical history and sexual habits of patients using the International Index of Erectile Function, in addition to the physical examination of the penis and laboratory parameters.

Main Outcome Measure
Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression models tested the prevalence, risk factors, and the relationship between ED and PD in male patients.

Results
The study included 656 individuals, who were distributed as per age, marital status, race, educational level, and income. Of these participants, 86 (13.11%) presented with fibrous plaques compatible with PD at the physical examination. Among the risk factors evaluated, PD was associated with diabetes, smoking, and obesity in 43.02, 64.17, and 26.74% of patients, respectively. The presence of penile plaques compatible with PD was more prevalent in men with ED, history of penile trauma, and complaint of penile deformity. There was a higher prevalence of plaques in the distal penis.

Conclusion
The PD among the studied population was associated with risk factors such as diabetes, smoking, and obesity. Other clinical characteristics, such as history of penile trauma, penile deformity, and ED, were reported in patients with PD. There was a higher prevalence of plaques in the distal penis, specifically in the corona of the glans penis. The prevalence of PD was different from that in the published literature, our results show that numbers thus more studies are needed.
Body size, sampling completeness, and extinction risk in the marine fossil record
Authors: Payne Jonathan L. , Heim Noel A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLarger body size has long been assumed to correlate with greater risk of extinction, helping to shape body-size distributions across the tree of life, but a lack of comprehensive size data for fossil taxa has left this hypothesis untested for most higher taxa across the vast majority of evolutionary time. Here we assess the relationship between body size and extinction using a data set comprising the body sizes, stratigraphic ranges, and occurrence patterns of 9408 genera of fossil marine animals spanning eight Linnaean classes across the past 485 Myr. We find that preferential extinction of smaller-bodied genera within classes is substantially more common than expected due to chance and that there is little evidence for preferential extinction of larger-bodied genera. Using a capture–mark–recapture analysis, we find that this size bias of extinction persists even after accounting for a pervasive bias against the sampling of smaller-bodied genera within classes. The size bias in extinction also persists after including geographic range as an additional predictor of extinction, indicating that correlation between body size and geographic range does not provide a simple explanation for the association between size and extinction. Regardless of the underlying causes, the preferential extinction of smaller-bodied genera across many higher taxa and most of geologic time indicates that the selective loss of large-bodied animals is the exception, rather than the rule, in the evolution of marine animals.
Holocene vegetation and climate change on the Colorado Plateau in southern Utah, USA
Authors: Louderback Lisbeth A. , Kiahtipes Christopher A. , Janetski Joel C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPollen, plant macrofossils, and sedimentary analyses from archaeological deposits at North Creek Shelter (NCS) on the Colorado Plateau provide data on vegetation and climate change during the Holocene. From 11,300–10,200 cal yr BP, NCS was embedded in a mixed conifer forest of cool-adapted species (e.g.,Abies,Pseudotsuga menziesii, andPinus ponderosa) with anArtemisiaunderstory. During this interval, NCS pollen corresponds to modern pollen fromPicea–Abiesforests that reside 950 m higher in elevation. Rapid deposition rates of NCS sediments indicate that climatic conditions during the Early Holocene were more mesic than today, with increased precipitation. The onset of warmer conditions at NCS began at 10,200 cal yr BP, and pollen and plant macrofossils indicate that a semiarid woodland and scrub mosaic dominated byPinus edulis,Juniperus osteosperma, and Amaranthaceae surrounded NCS by 9300 cal yr BP. This is corroborated by fossil pollen that is similar to modern pollen fromP. edulis–J. osteospermawoodlands and Amaranthaceae scrub that currently surround NCS. Sedimentary analyses suggest that during this time, accumulation rates were very low due to low precipitation and a drier climate overall. Migration ofP. edulisinto southern Utah is directly dated to 8100 cal yr BP, thus confirming recently proposed patterns of northward expansion.
Racial Attitudes Through a Partisan Lens
Authors: Engelhardt Andrew M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe conventional wisdom is that racial attitudes, by forming through early socialization processes, are causally prior to most things political, including whites' party identifications. Yet a broad literature demonstrates that partisanship can shape mass attitudes. The author argues that this influence extends even to presumptively fundamental predispositions like racial attitudes. The study applies cross-lagged models to panel data from the 1990s and 2000s to demonstrate that whites align their racial attitudes with their party loyalties. The results demonstrate that partisanship has a more pronounced influence in the latter time period, which is consistent with a view that changes in the political context can make partisanship a more likely causal force on other attitudes. Racial concerns not only provide a foundation for political conflict: my results reveal that political processes can increase or decrease racial animus.
Cognistat: normes francophones pour les 60 ans et plus
Authors: Arguin Martin , Macoir Joël , Hudon Carol 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCognistat is a cognitive screening test that is widely used in English-speaking countries. Its French adaptation is now available. The present study aims to establish norms for a population aged 60 and over. One hundred and fifty-one participants aged between 60 and 84 years old with normal cognitive function were divided into 5 five-year age groups. The results on Cognistat are reported for each subtest and age group. Age has a significant effect in only two subtests (Attention and Language Comprehension), which suggests a reduced performance for older participants. However, these effects are very weak and irregular. For this reason and given data distribution, norms are proposed to define performance thresholds for the 15th (lower limit of the normal range), 10th (mild cognitive impairment) and 5th (clinically significant) percentiles for each subtest for the clinical use of Cognistat with individuals 60 years of age and older.
Codification and the Origins of Physician-Patient Privilege
Authors: WILKINSON MILES 
Published: January 2020

Abstract:This essay examines the origins of physician-patient privilege in the United States. It concentrates an 1828 New York law that protected medical confidentiality in the courtroom—the first statutory guarantee of physician-patient privilege—as well as the rapid spread of privilege statutes throughout the nineteenth century. Using the published notes of the authors of New York’s influential statute alongside other primary sources, I argue that these early statutes are best explained as the result of nineteenth-century efforts to codify American law. The medical profession took little note of physician-patient privilege until much later, indicating that privilege emerged not as a protection of doctors’ professional status, nor as a means of protecting patients in the courtroom, but rather as an inadvertent offshoot of attempts to streamline and simply judicial proceedings. It is perhaps because of these unsystematic origins that physician-patient privilege still remains such an unevenly applied rule in American courtrooms.
In silico analysis of the fragrance gene (badh2) in Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm and validation of allele specific markers
Authors: Withana Withanage Vidyani Erandika , Kularathna Rathanyaka Maudiyanselage Ramesha Eshani , Kottearachchi Nisha Sualri , Kekulandara Deepthika S. , Weerasena Jagath , Steele Katherine A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBadh2 of rice is considered to be the major gene responsible for the fragrance in rice. The wild type badh2 allele encodes betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (BADH2) enzyme while the mutated version of badh2 gene encodes non-functional BADH2 enzyme that leads to the accumulation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP), the principal fragrant compound in rice. There are many mutated recessive alleles causing fragrance in global rice germplasm, although the badh2.1 allele present in Basmati type rice is the most well-known among breeders. In this study, we attempted to reveal potential fragrance causing mutations, and the respective varieties carrying them, through in silico analysis based on the sequences available in the Rice SNP-Seek-Database of International Rice Research Institute. The sequences of 1878 rice accessions from 22 countries were analysed to identify mutations in each exon of badh2 comparatively with the non-fragrant ‘wildtype’ GenBank sequence in Nanjing11, Oryza sativa indica (EU770319.1). Results revealed that 63 varieties from 12 countries possessed the most prevalent allele, badh2.1 having an 8 bp deletion and three single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 7th exon. The second most prevalent allele in genotypes from Asia was badh2.7 having a ‘G’ insertion in the 14th exon. A novel allele with a T deletion in 9th exon was detected in a Thai rice accession. Rice varieties containing either badh2.1 or badh2.7 alleles could be identified with DNA markers for badh2.1 (frg) and badh2.7 (Bad2.7CAPS). The marker, Bad2.7CAPS, co-segregated with the fragrance phenotype in two crosses, confirming the possibility of employing it in marker assisted breeding.
A Brief Assessment of the Impact of Nearly 40 Years of Assimilated Observations Over the Amazon Basin
Authors: Diniz F. L. R. , Todling R. , Herdies D. L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAdding a Forecast Sensitivity‐based Observation Impact component to Version 2 of the Modern Era Retrospective‐analysis for Research and Applications, the present study provides an assessment of the impact of nearly 40 years of observations on short‐range (24‐hr) forecasts over the Amazon basin. Under self‐verification, forecast errors are found to slightly increase from the early data‐sparse days to the more recent years, when data dramatically increase. Throughout the reanalysis, satellite radiances dominate in volume, but only before 1999 they dominate the impacts. Beyond 1999, over 50% of forecast error reduction is associated with conventional observations (radiosondes). Atmospheric Motion Vectors are also found to be large contributors to error reduction, but their contribution reduces in dry periods. In opposition to Atmospheric Motion Vectors, satellite radiances tend to contribute more in the dry season. Results provide motivation for additional conventional observations and the use of all‐sky treatment of radiances.
Seismic Anisotropy and Mantle Flow in the Sumatra Subduction Zone Constrained by Shear Wave Splitting and Receiver Function Analyses
Authors: Kong Fansheng , Gao Stephen S. , Liu Kelly H. , Zhang Jie , Li Jiabiao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo systematically investigate seismic azimuthal anisotropy in the Sumatra subduction zone and probe mantle dynamics associated with the subduction of the Australian Plate beneath the Sunda Plate, a total of 169 pairs of teleseismic XKS (including PKS, SKKS, SKS) and 115 pairs of local S splitting parameters are obtained using broadband seismic data recorded at ~70 stations. Additionally, crustal anisotropy in the overriding Sunda Plate is measured by analyzing the moveout of P‐to‐S conversions from the Moho using a sinusoidal function. Comparison between the three sets of anisotropy measurements obtained using shear waves with different depths of origin suggests that (1) the crust of the Sunda Plate is anisotropic with mostly trench‐parallel fast orientations and a mean splitting time of 0.28 ± 0.05 s; (2) the mantle wedge is azimuthally anisotropic with dominantly trench‐parallel fast orientations and splitting times ranging from 0.22 to 0.81 s, which generally increase with the focal depth; and (3) subslab anisotropy is mostly trench‐normal beneath the fore‐arc region with an averaged splitting time of 1.48 ± 0.06 s, and becomes trench‐parallel beneath the arc and back‐arc areas with a mean splitting time of 0.33 ± 0.04 s. The resulting lateral and vertical distributions of anisotropy obtained using splitting of three types of shear waves advocate the presence of an entrained subslab flow that is deflected by the mantle transition zone. The flow enters the mantle wedge through a slab window and flows horizontally parallel to the trench.
An Updated View on Water Masses on the pan‐West Greenland Continental Shelf and Their Link to Proglacial Fjords
Authors: Rysgaard S. , Boone W. , Carlson D. , Sejr M. K. , Bendtsen J. , Juul‐Pedersen T. , Lund H. , Meire L. , Mortensen J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe accelerated melt of the Greenland Ice Sheet has been linked to a sudden increase in the presence of warm subsurface coastal water in west Greenland. Yet pathways of warm coastal water along the entire west Greenland coast have remained largely unstudied. Here we present the first, near‐synoptic hydrographic observations at both the continental slope and fjord entrances of the west Greenland coastal system from Cape Farewell (59°N) to Melville Bay (75°N) in summer 2016. We observed a distinct north‐south division in the water mass distribution in west Greenland, approximately partitioned by the northern part of Davis Strait, and a division between the continental slope and fjord entrances. Waters from the regional southern freshwater source with origin in the East Greenland Current that rounds Cape Farewell are not observed to enter Baffin Bay. The regional heat source transported by the West Greenland Current is blocked by Southwest Greenland Coastal Water in the south but the deep connections in the north allow warm deep Subpolar Mode Water to enter fjords. Furthermore, we observed cold and relative saline Baffin Bay Polar Water over the inner part of the banks, periodically reaching as far south as 64°N, suggesting the presence of an undescribed southward current at the Southwest Greenland continental shelf.
Simulating and Evaluating Atmospheric River‐Induced Precipitation Extremes Along the U.S. Pacific Coast: Case Studies From 1980–2017
Authors: Huang Xingying , Swain Daniel L. , Walton Daniel B. , Stevenson Samantha , Hall Alex D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) are responsible for a majority of extreme precipitation and flood events along the U.S. West Coast. To better understand the present‐day characteristics of AR‐related precipitation extremes, a selection of nine most intense historical AR events during 1980–2017 is simulated using a dynamical downscaling modeling framework based on the Weather Research and Forecasting Model. We find that the chosen framework and Weather Research and Forecasting Model configuration reproduces both large‐scale atmospheric features—including parent synoptic‐scale cyclones—as well as the filamentary corridors of integrated vapor transport associated with the ARs themselves. The accuracy of simulated extreme precipitation maxima, relative to in situ and interpolated gridded observations, improves notably with increasing model resolution, with improvements as large as 40–60% for fine scale (3 km) relative to coarse‐scale (27 km) simulations. A separate set of simulations using smoothed topography suggests that much of these gains stem from the improved representation of complex terrain. Additionally, using the 12 December 1995 storm in Northern California as an example, we demonstrate that only the highest‐resolution simulations resolve important fine‐scale features—such as localized orographically forced vertical motion and powerful near hurricane‐force boundary layer winds. Given the demonstrated ability of a targeted dynamical downscaling framework to capture both local extreme precipitation and key fine‐scale characteristics of the most intense ARs in the historical record, we argue that such a configuration may be highly conducive to understanding AR‐related extremes and associated changes in a warming climate.
Impact of Tropical Cyclone Landfall Angle on Storm Surge Along the Mid‐Atlantic Bight
Authors: Ramos‐Valle Alexandra N. , Curchitser Enrique N. , Bruyère Cindy L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStorm surge impact depends on coastal geographical and bathymetric features as well as various tropical cyclone characteristics including the size, intensity, and impact angle of the storm. Although the factors contributing to storm surge are well studied, uncertainties remain regarding the level of sensitivity to these parameters. This work seeks to contribute to the current knowledge of storm surge by studying the sensitivity to tropical cyclone landfall angle. We perform an ensemble of synthetic tropical cyclones using a newly developed modeling capability derived from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, the Hybrid WRF Cyclone Model. Wind and atmospheric pressure field outputs from 200 synthetic cyclones are used as atmospheric forcing for the Advance Circulation (ADCIRC) model. We study the sensitivity of storm surge offshore extent and inundation to tropical cyclone impact angle. The extent of the impact area around the landfall location is sensitive to the cyclone landfall angle. Cyclones with tracks perpendicular to the coast are shown to produce the highest water levels and broadest inland and offshore extent. Results also indicate a heterogeneity in the sensitivity to landfall angle along the coast, highlighting the importance of both cyclone impact angle and location.