bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surrogacy-led migration: reflections on the policy dilemmas
Authors: Ullah Akm Ahsan , Nawaz Faraha 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThere is abundant research on surrogacy; however, migration scholars have not addressed surrogacy-driven migration. Policies related to surrogacy and surrogacy-led migration are under-researched. The paper argues that surrogacy-led migration or fertility/reproductive migration constitutes a significant part of mainstream migration. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the policy dilemmas in various countries.Design/methodology/approachA total of 9 surrogate mothers (4 from India; 2 from Thailand, 2 from Indonesia and 1 from Nepal) and 8 commissioning parents (2 from Japan; 4 from Europe; 1 from the USA; 1 from Australia) and 2 doctors (1 from India and 1 from Thailand) selected on snowball basis were interviewed between 2014 and 2016 by using a checklist.FindingsThe deficiency and inconsistency of laws regarding surrogacy facilitated the growth of the surrogacy market. Therefore, a uniform policy would help to define and improve the surrogacy and surrogacy-led migration management.Originality/valueThis paper demonstrates the interplay of surrogacy and mainstream migration. This is a fresh addition to the study of migration.
Comparative corruption scandals in Macau: the cases of Ao Man-long and Ho Chio-meng
Authors: Lo Sonny S.H. 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis paper aims at comparing and contrasting the Ao Man-long scandal with the Ho Chio-meng case in Macau, drawing lessons from the two events and casting lights on the literature on corruption scandals.Design/methodology/approachThe study used documentary research and interpretative and analytical approaches.FindingsThe two cases show considerable administrative discretion on the part of the principal officials involved, and remedial measures along the line of having more rigorous and frequent internal auditing may be necessary.Originality/valueOriginal analyses were conducted together with literature review and documentary research. This paper would be of interest to scholars and practitioners concerned with how Macau combats corruption.
Teaching sustainable development in business sciences degrees: evidence from Portugal
Authors: Gomes Sónia Ferreira , Jorge Susana , Eugénio Teresa 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the current state of integration of sustainable development (SD), in the academic curricula of Business Sciences degrees, including matters about Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability. In this way, the paper explores how Portuguese public higher education institutions (HEI) contribute to teaching about sustainable development (TSD).Design/methodology/approachThe study focuses on Business Sciences degrees. The webpages of all public HEI with BSc and MSc degrees in those areas in Portugal were analyzed, to obtain curricular plans and syllabus. Content analysis was performed on each of these elements of Accounting and Taxation and Management and Business Administration courses.FindingsThere is already some concern about addressing SD in Business Sciences, inasmuch as SD-related topics are taught in Accounting and Taxation and in Management and Business Administration degrees and courses. However, the analysis shows that TSD was integrated into the academic curricula in only 95 degrees (48.5%). Additionally, in these, there are only 79 compulsory curricular units that address this theme. Given the fact that the subject of SD is increasingly relevant, the paper evidence still much room for improvement, indicating that TSD is yet a big challenge for HEI.Originality/valueTSD is increasingly important because of the growing globalization that requires skilled professionals able to assess the complex and controversial issues related to the topic, to achieve and implement the SD goals in 2030. The literature evidence lack of studies addressing the integration of the SD theme in academic curricula. This paper makes here a contribution by showing what HEI is teaching in the area of business studies. It also brings good implications for society, while showing that sustainability content is becoming more apparent within certain HEI courses. This could be used to create follow up research on what type of sustainability content is being included within the courses and the learning that is happening in students in regard to this sustainability content.
Optimization of machining characteristics for EDM of different nickel-based alloys by embodying of fuzzy, grey relational and Taguchi technique
Authors: Sharma Sahil , Vates Umesh Kumar , Bansal Amit 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
In the current exploration, the machinability of three different nickel-based super-alloy materials (Inconel 625, Inconel 718 and Nimonic 90) was experimentally investigated by using a die-sinking electrical discharge machining (EDM). The effect of changing important input process parameters such as pulse on time (Ton), off time (Toff), peak current (Ip) and tool rotation (TR) was investigated to get optimum machining characteristics such as material removal rate, roughness, electrode wear rate and overcut.

Design/methodology/approach
Experimentation has been performed by using Taguchi L9 orthogonal design. An integrated route of fuzzy and grey relational analysis approach with Taguchi’s philosophy has been intended for the simultaneous optimization of machining output parameters.

Findings
The most approbatory factors for machining setting have been attained as: (Ton = 100 µs, Toff = 25 µs, Ip = 14 A, TR = 725 rpm) for machining of Inconel 625 and Inconel 718; and (Ton = 100 µs, Toff = 75 µs, Ip = 14 A, TR = 925 rpm) for machining of the Nimonic 90 material. Peak current has been observed as an overall influencing factor to achieve better machining process. Microstructural study through SEM has also been carried out to figure out the surface morphology for the EDMed Ni-based super alloys.

Originality/value
The proposed machining variables and methodology has never been presented for Nimonic 90 alloy on die-sinking EDM.
Long‐term nitrogen enrichment does not increase microbial phosphorus mobilization in a northern coniferous forest
Authors: Forsmark Benjamin , Wallander Håkan , Nordin Annika , Gundale Michael J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) deposition can enhance carbon (C) capture and storage in northern coniferous forests but it may also enhance the demand for phosphorus (P). While it is well established that long‐term N enrichment can decrease decomposition and enhance the accumulation of C in soils, it remains uncertain if a higher demand and acquisition of P influence soil C.

We studied microbial phosphorus mobilization and growth within a long‐term N enrichment experiment in a Norway spruce forest, where N deposition was simulated by adding 0, 12.5 or 50 kg N ha−1 year−1 for 21 years (n = 12), by incubating microbial ingrowth cores with needles and humus with low and high P content, and with sand with and without mineral apatite P.

Long‐term N enrichment had no effect on microbial P mobilization in needles and humus and did not enhance the positive effect that apatite had on fungal growth. However, it consistently strengthened the retention of C in the soil by decreasing decomposition of needle and humus, both with low and high P content, and by increasing fungal growth in sand‐filled ingrowth cores. Furthermore, we did not find any evidence that higher microbial P mobilization in response to N enrichment affected soil C storage.

These results show that long‐term N enrichment in relatively young soils dominated by coniferous trees and ectomycorrhizal fungi can have relatively small impact on microbial P mobilization from organic sources and on the potential to mobilize P from minerals, and subsequently that elevated P demand due to N enrichment is unlikely to lead to a reduction in the soil C accumulation rate.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Fact database of grassland vegetation in Japan
Authors: Shimoda Katsuhisa , Tsutsumi Michio , Higashiyama Masakazu , Nakagami Koji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis data paper reports vegetation census data collected in a network of 28 grassland sites in Japan. This is the largest grassland data set freely available in Japan. The network is the project “Grassland Dynamics in Japan” launched by the Ministry of the Agriculture and Forestry and Fisheries, Japan. It consists of semi‐natural and artificial grasslands (pasture and meadow) and covers from Hokkaido to Kyushu area in Japan. Twenty to 12 permanent plots were established in each grassland. Censuses of plant species emerged in 1 m2 quadrat were conducted every year from 1972 to 1982 at longest. The data provide species abundance, plant coverage (%) and length (cm) of 484 quadrats. The censuses adopted common census protocol, which provide good opportunities for meta‐analyses and comparative studies among grasslands. The data have been used for ecological studies as well as for animal production reports published by the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization in Japan.The detailed Metadata for this abstract published in the Data Paper section of the journal is available in MetaCat in JaLTER at http://db.cger.nies.go.jp/JaLTER/metacat/metacat/ERDP-2020-22.1/jalter-en.
Complicated giant sigmoid diverticulum. Emergency laparoscopic approach is possible
Authors: Allué Cabañuz Marta , Elía Manuela , Gonzales Ariel G. , Chóliz Jorge 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionGiant colonic diverticulum (GCD) is a rare complication of colonic diverticulosis. Patients have often non‐specific symptoms, and complication is exceptional.Case ReportWe report a case of an 87‐year‐old man with several admissions in the last year due to episodes of acute diverticulitis and CT scan image compatible with GCD that presents with pain and a palpable abdominal mass. In urgent CT scan GCD shows increased size reaching 12 cm. Laparoscopic sigmoidectomy with primary colorectal anastomosis was performed urgently. His postoperative course was plain and the patient was discharged after 5 days. Pathology reported a diverticular formation of 12 cm in diameter.DiscussionLocation and simultaneous acute diverticular disease are the main criteria for deciding the surgical approach.Colonic resection with primary anastomosis is the gold standard and, if possible, should be performed by laparoscopy, even in emergency cases.
Nostalgia as Affective Landscape: Negotiating Displacement in the “World City”
Authors: Gupta Hemangini , Medappa Kaveri 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBangalore, an aspiring “world city”, is rapidly transforming as factories and mills are sold to private developers. As their neighbourhoods now accommodate multi‐million‐dollar gated communities and post‐industrial labour markets, residents experience an in situ displacement, staying in place while landscapes around them dramatically reconfigure. This paper makes sense of how old‐time residents locate themselves within such urban growth through nostalgic invocations of the past. Emplaced within histories and geographies of neighbourhood change, nostalgia creates “affective landscapes” through which residents invoke their closeness to past landscapes of abundance and involvement in community‐making. Such affective landscapes bring together embodied, sensorial, and more‐than‐human fields of action to shape an everyday politics in which residents narrate their marginalization within the world city and articulate their own value here.
Effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on vasoactive mediators in obese hypertensive patients: A prospective study
Authors: Salman Ahmed Abdallah , Salman Mohamed Abdalla , Shawkat Mohamed , Hassan Shady A. , Saad Eman H. , Hussein Ahmed Mahmoud , Refaie Osama R. M. , Tourky Mohamed Sabry , Shaaban Hossam El‐Din , Abd Allah Nesrin , El Domiaty Heba Fathy , Elkassar Hesham 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe causal relationship between obesity and high blood pressure is established; however, the detailed pathways for such association are still under research. This work aims to assess the changes in neprilysin, vasoconstrictor and vasodilatory molecules in obese hypertensive patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).PatientsThe present prospective study was done on 59 hypertensive obese patients in whom LGS was performed. Blood pressure, as well as blood samples for neprilysin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin II, renin, endothelin‐1 "ET‐1", aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide "ANP" and B‐type natriuretic peptide "BNP", were assessed before and 15 months after surgery. Patients were divided into two groups according to the remission of hypertension (HTN).ResultsAfter 15 months, remission of hypertension was seen in 42 patients (71%). The declines in the following measurements were significantly higher in patients with remission than those with persistent HTN: aldosterone (p = .029567), angiotensin II (p < .000001), angiotensinogen (p = .000021), neprilysin (p = .000601), renin (p = .000454) and endothelin‐1(p = .000030). There was a significantly higher increment in ANP (p = .000002) and a non‐significant increment in BNP (p = .081740). Angiotensin II 15 months after LSG and Δ ANP % were significant independent predictors of persistent HTN.ConclusionIn the setting of LSG, aldosterone, angiotensinogen, angiotensin II, renin and neprilysin were significantly lower in patients with remission of HTN after 15 months than those with persistent HTN, and natriuretic peptides were significantly higher. A lower postoperative level of angiotensin II and a larger percentage increment of ANP are independently associated with hypertension remission after LSG.
Seeking ideal clinical guidelines for myasthenia gravis
Authors: Murai Hiroyuki , Utsugisawa Kimiaki , Motomura Masakatsu , Suzuki Shigeaki , Imai Tomihiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA new version of the Japanese clinical guidelines for myasthenia gravis is under development. The current version was published in 2014, in which the top priority in treatment was to maintain patients’ health‐related quality of life. The treatment goal was to achieve a post‐intervention status of minimal manifestations or better (according to the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America classification), with an oral prednisolone dose of 5 mg/day or less. The guidelines recommend minimizing the oral prednisolone dose, starting calcineurin inhibitors early in the course of treatment, and effectively treating patients with an early fast‐acting treatment regimen.Since the release of the 2014 version, the therapeutic tendencies in myasthenia gravis have been gradually changing in Japan, with an observed increase in the number of patients that achieved the treatment goal. Therefore, it is conceivable that the rationale of the 2014 guidelines was appropriate to treat patients with myasthenia gravis and that it should be taken over by the new guidelines. Meanwhile, the anti‐complement antibody (eculizumab) has been approved, and although off‐label in Japan, the effect of the anti‐CD20 antibody rituximab has been reported repeatedly. Many other agents are currently undergoing clinical trials. In the new guidelines, the treatment strategy should be demonstrated clearly, including these most recent developments.
Intraureteral indocyanine green augments ureteral identification and avoidance during complex robotic‐assisted colorectal surgery
Authors: White Lindsay A. , Joseph Jason P. , Yang David Y. , Kelley Scott R. , Mathis Kellie L. , Behm Kevin , Viers Boyd R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimUp to 10% of patients who undergo nonurological abdominopelvic operations suffer a ureteral injury. While preoperative ureteral stenting to facilitate identification of the ureter is common, it does not reduce the incidence of intraoperative ureteral injury and is not without risk. As we continue to broaden the application of minimally invasive surgical techniques, a new form of ureteral identification and avoidance that does not rely on tactile feedback is needed. We report our initial experience with intraureteral indocyanine green (ICG) for ureteral identification and avoidance during complex robotic‐assisted colorectal surgery.MethodPatients undergoing adjunctive ureteral identification during robotic‐assisted colorectal surgery were prospectively identified. Each patient underwent intraureteral ICG administration using rigid cystoscopy (22 Fr). A 5‐Fr open‐ended ureteral catheter was inserted up to 20 cm and used to inject 5 ml of 2.5 mg/ml ICG as the catheter was withdrawn to the ureteral orifice. Intraureteral ICG was then detected using near‐infrared laser fluorescence technology (Firefly®).ResultsSuccessful ICG‐enhanced ureteral identification and avoidance was performed in 15 of 16 (94%) patients undergoing robotic‐assisted colorectal surgery. The median ICG instillation time was 11.5 min (range 4–21 min) and the median operative time with ICG visualization was 489 min (8 h 9 min) [range 268–738 min (4 h 28 min–12 h 18 min)]. No patient experienced intraoperative ureteral injury and there were no adverse sequelae or complications associated with intraureteral ICG administration.ConclusionIntraureteral ICG is a safe and effective method of intraoperative ureteral identification and avoidance during complex robotic‐assisted colorectal surgery. Precise and prolonged ureteral visualization was achieved, allowing for long operative times compatible with complex robotic‐assisted operations.
Improving the Pharmacodynamics and In Vivo Activity of ENPP1‐Fc Through Protein and Glycosylation Engineering
Authors: Stabach Paul R. , Zimmerman Kristin , Adame Aaron , Kavanagh Dillon , Saeui Christopher T. , Agatemor Christian , Gray Shawn , Cao Wenxiang , De La Cruz Enrique M. , Yarema Kevin J. , Braddock Demetrios T. 
Published: October 2020

Enzyme replacement with ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phospodiesterase‐1 (ENPP1) eliminates mortality in a murine model of the lethal calcification disorder generalized arterial calcification of infancy. We used protein engineering, glycan optimization, and a novel biomanufacturing platform to enhance potency by using a three‐prong strategy. First, we added new N‐glycans to ENPP1; second, we optimized pH‐dependent cellular recycling by protein engineering of the Fc neonatal receptor; finally, we used a two‐step process to improve sialylation by first producing ENPP1‐Fc in cells stably transfected with human α‐2,6‐sialyltransferase (ST6) and further enhanced terminal sialylation by supplementing production with 1,3,4‐O‐Bu3ManNAc. These steps sequentially increased the half‐life of the parent compound in rodents from 37 hours to ~ 67 hours with an added N‐glycan, to ~ 96 hours with optimized pH‐dependent Fc recycling, to ~ 204 hours when the therapeutic was produced in ST6‐overexpressing cells with 1,3,4‐O‐Bu3ManNAc supplementation. The alterations were demonstrated to increase drug potency by maintaining efficacious levels of plasma phosphoanhydride pyrophosphate in ENPP1‐deficient mice when the optimized biologic was administered at a 10‐fold lower mass dose less frequently than the parent compound—once every 10 days vs. 3 times a week. We believe these improvements represent a general strategy to rationally optimize protein therapeutics.
Trends in diabetic retinopathy screening attendance and associations with vision impairment attributable to diabetes in a large nationwide cohort
Authors: Lawrenson J. G. , Bourmpaki E. , Bunce C. , Stratton I. M. , Gardner P. , Anderson J. ,   EROS Study Group
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTo investigate diabetic retinopathy screening attendance and trends in certified vision impairment caused by diabetic eye disease.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of attendance in three urban UK diabetic eye screening programmes in England. A survival analysis was performed to investigate time from diagnosis to first screen by age and sex. Logistic regression analysis of factors influencing screening attendance during a 15‐month reporting period was conducted, as well as analysis of new vision impairment certifications (Certificate of Vision Impairment) in England and Wales from 2009 to 2019.ResultsOf those newly registered in the Routine Digital Screening pathway (n = 97 048), 80% attended screening within the first 12 months and 88% by 36 months. Time from registration to first eye screening was longer for people aged 18–34 years, and 20% were unscreened after 3 years. Delay in first screen was associated with increased risk of referable retinopathy. Although 95% of participants (n = 291 296) attended during the 15‐month reporting period, uptake varied considerably. Younger age, social deprivation, ethnicity and duration of diabetes were independent predictors of non‐attendance and referable retinopathy. Although the last 10 years has seen an overall reduction in vision impairment certification attributable to diabetic eye disease, the incidence of vision impairment in those aged <35 years was unchanged.ConclusionsWhilst the majority of participants are screened in a timely manner, there is considerable variation in uptake. Young adults, have sub‐optimal attendance, and levels of vision impairment in this population have not changed over the last 10 years. There is an urgent need to explore barriers to/enablers of attendance in this group to inform policy initiatives and tailored interventions to address this issue.
Depression and antecedent medication adherence in a cohort of new metformin users
Authors: Niaz Diva , Necyk Candace , Simpson Scot H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsThe association between depression and poor medication adherence is based on cross‐sectional studies and cohort studies that measure adherence rates after depression status is determined. However, depressive symptoms occur well before diagnosis. This study examined adherence patterns in the year before a depressive episode.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study followed new metformin users identified in Alberta Health's administrative data between 2008 and 2018. Depressive episodes starting ≥1 year after metformin initiation were identified using a validated case definition. Controls were randomly assigned a pseudo depression date. Adherence to oral antihyperglycemic medications was estimated using proportion of days covered (PDC) and group‐based trajectory models to explore the association between depression and poor adherence (PDC<0.8).ResultsA depressive episode occurred in 17,418 (10.6%) of 165,056 new metformin users. Individuals with depression were more likely to have poor adherence compared to controls (adjusted odds ratio 1.21; 95% CI 1.17, 1.26). Five trajectories were identified: nearly perfect adherence (PDC >0.95 [34.8% of cohort]), discontinued (PDC=0 [18.3% of cohort], poor initial adherence (PDC 0.75) that declined either rapidly (9.2% of cohort) or gradually (30.1% of cohort), and poor initial adherence (PDC 0.26) that increased gradually (7.6% of cohort). Individuals with depression were more likely to be in one of the four trajectories of poor adherence compared to controls (adjusted odds ratio 1.24; 95% CI 1.19‐1.29).ConclusionsPoor medication adherence occurs in the year before a depressive episode; therefore, poor medication use patterns could be used as an early warning sign for depression.