bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of mindfulness‐based intervention on quality of life and poststroke depression in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in China
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Li Junyi , Wang Chengwei , Lv Jianqin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveSpontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is a devastating disease that can lead to poststroke depression (PSD) and greatest impact on the quality of life (QOL) of patients. Mindfulness meditation was viewed as one of the effective ways to reduce PSD in patients with cancer. The present study tried to investigate whether mindfulness meditation has potential benefits in PSD and QOL for sICH patients in China.MethodsTwo hundred and two patients in West China Hospital, Sichuan University, enrolled from January 2017 to December 2018 were included in a randomized controlled trial. After removing missing values, there were 67 in control group and 67 in intervention group. Patients in intervention group received 2‐month mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy, and patients in control group received stress management education (ie, an active control).ResultsThe results suggested that the significant differences of depression, trait mindfulness, social well‐being, emotional well‐being, and total score of QOL were found in intervention group from time 1 to time 2. Physical well‐being and the score of NIH stroke scale experienced significant changes in both control group and intervention group over time.ConclusionsMindfulness‐based intervention has positive effects on sICH patients' depression, social well‐being, and emotional well‐being. However, the change of trait mindfulness over time could not explain these positive effects. Future studies could explore the mechanism of mindfulness‐based intervention on sICH patients' depression and QOL and clarify the boundaries of the positive effects of mindfulness‐based intervention.
Memory impairment and Alzheimer's disease pathology in individuals with MCI who underestimate or overestimate their decline
Authors: Bregman Noa , Kavé Gitit , Zeltzer Ehud , Biran Iftah ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine whether the discrepancy between participant and informant estimation of memory decline can predict MCI prognosis.MethodsAnalyses involved data from individuals with MCI enrolled in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) who filled the Everyday Cognition questionnaire. Participants who underestimated (N = 112) and overestimated (N = 157) their memory decline were compared on memory tasks, brain volume, and cerebrospinal markers, at study entry and after 24 months.ResultsIndividuals who underestimated their memory decline performed more poorly on memory tests, had smaller hippocampus volume, and greater Alzheimer's disease pathology than did individuals who overestimated their cognitive decline. Longitudinal comparisons demonstrated that individuals who underestimated their decline deteriorated more significantly in memory and in brain measures.ConclusionsUnderestimation of memory decline should raise clinicians' suspicion of the existence of AD pathology in individuals with MCI.
The effectiveness of interventions to improve the care and management of people with dementia in general hospitals: A systematic review
Authors: Feast Alexandra R. , White Nicola , Candy Bridget , Kupeli Nuriye , Sampson Elizabeth L. 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundPeople with dementia are at greater risk of being admitted to hospital where care may not be tailored to their needs. Interventions improving care and management are vital.AimAssess the effectiveness of interventions designed to improve the care and management of people with dementia in hospital.MethodSix medical and trial registry, and grey literature databases were searched (1999‐1998/2018). Search terms included “Dementia,” “Hospital,” and “Intervention” and limited to experimental designs. Interventions designed to improve the care and management of people with dementia in the general hospital setting were examined. Outcomes included behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), psychosocial, clinical, staff knowledge, and length of hospital stay. The CASP tools, Cochrane risk of bias tool, and GRADE system assessed methodological quality and certainty of evidence.Results9003 unique citations were identified; 24 studies were included. Studies were limited in study design and their conduct was at a risk of bias. There is very low‐quality evidence that multisensory behaviour therapy reduces BPSD. There is low‐quality evidence that a multidisciplinary programme reduces postoperative complications and that robot‐assisted therapy, music therapy, multimodal‐comprehensive care, person‐centred care, and family‐centred function‐focused care interventions improved staff knowledge, competence, efficacy, and communication. No studies reported reduced length of stay.ConclusionsWhilst we found that these interventions improved the care and management of people with dementia in hospital, it was low‐ to very low‐quality evidence. New clinical recommendations cannot be made based on current evidence, and robust trial designs are necessary to inform evidence‐based care.
Epidemiological Features of NAFLD From 1999 to 2018 in China
Authors: Zhou Jianghua , Zhou Feng , Wang Wenxin , Zhang Xiao‐Jing , Ji Yan‐Xiao , Zhang Peng , She Zhi‐Gang , Zhu Lihua , Cai Jingjing , Li Hongliang 
Published: February 2020

With dramatic changes in lifestyles over the last 20 years, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent liver disorder in China but has not received sufficient attention. NAFLD‐related advanced liver disease and its mortality along with its overall disease burden are expected to increase substantially. There is thus an imperative need to clarify the epidemiological features of NAFLD to guide a holistic approach to management. We summarize eight epidemiological features of NAFLD in China over the past two decades using systematic review and meta‐analysis methodology. Our data reveal a rapid growth in the NAFLD population, especially among younger individuals. Importantly, there is a strong ethnic difference in body mass index (BMI) and genetic risk of NAFLD compared with the US population. The etiology of advanced liver disease and its complications (e.g., hepatocellular carcinoma) has been altered because of a Westernized lifestyle and the implementation of effective vaccination strategies against viral hepatitis. Regional epidemiological patterns of NAFLD indicate that economics, environment, and lifestyle are critical factors in disease progression. The analysis also indicates that a large number of patients remain undiagnosed and untreated because of the inadequacy of diagnostic tools and the absence of effective pharmacologic therapies. Given the burden of NAFLD, future policy and research efforts need to address knowledge gaps to mitigate the risk burden.
Constructal design applications in buildings: Radiant cooling panels and thermochemical energy storage
Authors: Mosa Mohamed , Malley‐Ernewein Alexandre 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present work highlights how the constructal law is implemented in the search for buildings' performance from a thermal lookout. The authors reviewed some of their research efforts through two applications: radiant cooling panels and thermochemical energy storage in buildings. In a deterministic approach, it was demonstrated that the overall performance of such systems could be anticipated. Under the same operating conditions, cooling panel with dendritic flow configurations exhibited better global performance compared to the design with a serpentine flow layout. Two configurations of elemental reactors for thermochemical energy storage were studied: reactive material in beds layers and impregnated within a tube. A theoretical approach allowed to predict the impact of the Bejan number on the sensible heat output for the first configuration, when numerical experiments allowed to determine how to morph the tube shape to increase thermal performances.
Effects of early second‐look hysteroscopy combined with intrauterine balloon dilatation on reproductive outcomes for women with intrauterine adhesions
Authors: Sun Jianhua , Shi Cong , Liang Yin , Niu Jumin , Guo Shuaishuai , Cheng Zhaoxia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of early second‐look office hysteroscopy combined with intrauterine balloon dilatation on prognosis and pregnancy rate for women with intrauterine adhesions.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 156 women diagnosed with intrauterine adhesions by hysteroscopy at Shenyang Women's and Children's Hospital, China, from April 2017 to January 2019. The study women underwent intrauterine balloon dilatation 10 days after transcervical resection of adhesion (TCRA) and hysteroscopy 20 days after TCRA (n=81). The control women underwent hysteroscopy 3 months after TCRA (n=75). Estrogen and aspirin were routinely administered postoperatively to all women. Data, including American Fertility Society (AFS) scores assessed by hysteroscopy, endometrial thickness measured by ultrasound, and menstruation and pregnancy outcomes assessed by interview, were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe degree of intrauterine adhesions, menstrual status, and endometrial thickness were improved in both groups after TCRA. Greater improvement in AFS score, menstruation, and endometrial thickness was observed in the study group than in the control group. After follow‐up, more women in the study group achieved pregnancy (48.1% vs 30.7%, P<0.05).ConclusionEarly second‐look of hysteroscopy combined with intrauterine balloon dilatation after hysteroscopic TRCA might improve the prognosis and postoperative pregnancy rate for women with intrauterine adhesions.
Intrauterine Foley catheter for 48 versus 24 hours for cervical ripening: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wickramasinghe Ruwan P. T. B. , Senanayake Hemantha , De Silva Chandu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the safety of keeping an intrauterine Foley catheter for 48 hours versus 24 hours for cervical ripening.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted at the De Soysa Hospital for Women, Sri Lanka from April 1 to December 31, 2014 (trial registration: SLCTR/2014/006). Low‐risk women with a Bishop score ≤5 at 40 weeks + 5 days of gestation were allocated to either 24‐hour (n=107; Group A) or 48‐hour (n=94; Group B) groups. Proportions developing spontaneous onset of labor (SOL), neonatal status, pre‐ and post‐procedure C‐reactive protein (CRP), cervical smears, and placental histology in those who experienced SOL were compared.ResultsIn Group A, 35 (32.7%) experienced SOL, against 54 (57.4%) in Group B (P<0.001, odds ratio 2.78, 95% confidence interval 1.56–4.93). There was no difference in mean length of active labor (7.48 vs 7.69 hours), cesarean delivery (16% vs 14%), bacterial vaginosis rates in post‐induction cervical smear (10.3% vs 6.7%), mean CRP increase (4.08 vs 3.91 IU), evidence of chorioamnionitis (5.7% vs 11.1%), mean 1 and 5‐minute Apgars, number of neonates with pyrexia (8.4 vs 8.5%), and admission to the Special Care Baby Unit (15% vs 12.8%).ConclusionGroup B experienced a statistically significant increase in SOL, without increasing infectious and neonatal morbidity.
Application of compressed sensing using chirp encoded 3D GRE and MPRAGE sequences
Authors: Pawar Kamlesh , Chen Zhaolin , Zhang Jingxin , Shah N. Jon , Egan Gary F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn implementation of Non‐Fourier chirp‐encoding in 3D Gradient Recalled Echo (GRE), susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) and Magnetization Prepared Rapid Gradient Echo (MPRAGE) sequences is presented with compressive sensing reconstruction. 3D GRE and MPRAGE sequences were designed, in which the phase encoding (PE) direction was encoded with spatially selective chirp encoding Radio Frequency (RF) pulses, while the slice and the readout directions were Fourier encoded using gradients. During each excitation along the PE direction, a different spatially‐selective RF excitation pulse was used to encode the PE direction with a complete set of unitary chirp encoding basis. Multichannel compressive sensing reconstruction on the undersampled in vivo data demonstrated that images reconstructed from chirp encoded data were able to preserve the spatial resolution better than the Fourier encoding. The mean Structural Similarity (SSIM) across five subjects at the acceleration factor of 6, for chirp encoded MPRAGE was 0.934 compared to 0.912 for Fourier encoded MPRAGE. The implementation of prospective undersampling demonstrated the feasibility of using chirp encoding in clinical practice for accelerated imaging. The minimum intensity projection of the compressive sensing (CS) reconstructed susceptibility weighted images revealed that chirp encoding is able to delineate small vessels better than the Fourier encoding with the SSIM of 0.960 for chirp encoding compared to the SSIM of 0.949 for the Fourier encoding. Improved performance of chirp encoding for CS reconstruction and SWI, along with the feasibility of implementation makes them a practical candidate for clinical MRI scans.
Importance of model size in quantum mechanical studies of DNA intercalation
Authors: Harding Drew P. , Kingsley Laura J. , Spraggon Glen , Wheeler Steven E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe convergence of DFT‐computed interaction energies with increasing binding site model size was assessed. The data show that while accurate intercalator interaction energies can be derived from binding site models featuring only the flanking nucleotides for uncharged intercalators that bind parallel to the DNA base pairs, errors remain significant even when including distant nucleotides for intercalators that are charged, exhibit groove‐binding tails that engage in noncovalent interactions with distant nucleotides, or that bind perpendicular to the DNA base pairs. Consequently, binding site models that include at least three adjacent nucleotides are required to consistently predict converged binding energies. The computationally inexpensive HF‐3c method is shown to provide reliable interaction energies and can be routinely applied to such large models.
Disentanglement of orthogonal hydrogen and halogen bonds via natural orbital for chemical valence: A charge displacement analysis
Authors: Ciancaleoni Gianluca , Belpassi Leonardo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAs known, the electron density of covalently bound halogen atoms is anisotropically distributed, making them potentially able to establish many weak interactions, acting at the same time as halogen bond donors and hydrogen bond acceptors. Indeed, there are many examples in which the halogen and hydrogen bond coexist in the same structure and, if a correct bond analysis is required, their separation is mandatory. Here, the advantages and limitations of coupling the charge displacement analysis with natural orbital for chemical valence method (NOCV‐CD) to separately analyze orthogonal weak interactions are shown, for both symmetric and asymmetric adducts. The methodology gives optimal results with intermolecular adducts but, in the presence of an organometallic complex, also intramolecular interactions can be correctly analyzed. Beyond the methodological aspects, it is shown that correctly separate and quantify the interactions can give interesting chemical insights about the systems.
Microscopic approach to micromechanism of damage in spheroidal cast iron
Authors: Warmuzek Małgorzata , Polkowska Adelajda , Gazda Andrzej 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this work, the observations of the fracture surface after standard tensile tests of several kinds of spheroidal cast irons, ferritic and austempered ductile irons, have been carried out by means of scanning electron microscopy. The local crack path in the area of graphite (G)/matrix (M) interface has been analyzed as affected by a matrix phase composition and the austempering treatment parameters. The obtained results allowed identifying some determination factors for debonding mode at the G/M interface and their role in a final damage mechanism. Some microstructural details in the microregions composed of graphite and matrix showed that the G–M debonding mode in the separation area of the G/M interface seems to be controlled by macroscopic properties of the alloy and by the morphology of G/M interface. On the other hand, the internal destruction of graphite nodule has been mainly determined by a structure and anisotropy of graphite crystal lattice.
Embryonic canalization and its limits—A view from temperature
Authors: Irvine Steven Q. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMany animals are able to produce similar offspring over a range of environmental conditions. This property of the developmental process has been termed canalization—the channeling of developmental pathways to generate a stable outcome despite varying conditions. Temperature is one environmental parameter that has fundamental effects on cell physiology and biochemistry, yet developmental programs generally result in a stable phenotype under a range of temperatures. On the other hand, there are typically upper and lower temperature limits beyond which the developmental program is unable to produce normal offspring. This review summarizes data on how development is affected by temperature, particularly high temperature, in various animal species. It also brings together information on potential cell biological and developmental genetic factors that may be responsible for developmental stability in varying temperatures, and likely critical mechanisms that break down at high temperature. Also reviewed are possible means for studying temperature effects on embryogenesis and how to determine which factors are most critical at the high‐temperature limits for normal development. Increased knowledge of these critical factors will point to the targets of selection under climate change, and more generally, how developmental robustness in varying environments is maintained.
Factors that impact risk management decisions among women with pathogenic variants in moderate penetrance genes associated with hereditary breast cancer
Authors: Napoli Melissa , Lewis Jaime , Hopper Jennifer , Widmeyer Kimberly 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere is limited information known about how women with pathogenic variants (PV) in moderate penetrance genes make decisions to manage their increased risk of breast cancer. This study analyzed factors that may impact decision‐making surrounding management for increased breast cancer risk. Women with a PV in a moderate penetrance gene associated with increased risk for breast cancer were identified from an institutional database. Semi‐structured, qualitative interviews were conducted to analyze decision‐making factors. Themes were developed using deductive codes based on previous literature and inductive codes based on interviewee responses. The 16 participants (mean age = 55.9 years) included 12 women with a breast cancer diagnosis. Six women (37.5%) chose bilateral mastectomy (BM), and 10 women (62.5%) chose surveillance as management. Of the 12 women with a personal history of breast cancer, four chose to have BM (33.3%). Two women without a personal history of breast cancer chose to have BM (50.0%). Transcriptions revealed seven comprehensive themes, as well as themes unique to affected and unaffected women (Cohen's kappa = 0.80). Physician opinion was the only factor present in all interviews reported to influence risk management decision‐making. Several themes were consistent with prior BRCA1/BRCA2 research (family history, risk perception, sibling influence, and physician opinions). Autonomy and insurance/finances were also important factors to participants. There were certain differences in decision‐making factors between affected and unaffected women, such as partner influence. Results indicate an opportunity for providers to engage their patients in a decision‐making process.
The challenge of HIV treatment in an era of polypharmacy
Authors: Back David , Marzolini Catia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe availability of potent antiretroviral therapy has transformed HIV infection into a chronic disease such that people living with HIV (PLWH) have a near normal life expectancy. However, there are continuing challenges in managing HIV infection, particularly in older patients, who often experience age‐related comorbidities resulting in complex polypharmacy and an increased risk for drug‐drug interactions. Furthermore, age‐related physiological changes may affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of both antiretrovirals and comedications thereby predisposing elderly to adverse drug reactions. This review provides an overview of the therapeutic challenges when treating elderly PLWH (i.e. >65 years). Particular emphasis is placed on drug‐drug interactions and other common prescribing issues (i.e. inappropriate drug use, prescribing cascade, drug‐disease interaction) encountered in elderly PLWH.DiscussionPrescribing issues are common in elderly PLWH due to the presence of age‐related comorbidities, organ dysfunction and physiological changes leading to a higher risk for drug‐drug interactions, drugs dosage errors and inappropriate drug use.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of prescribing issues in elderly PLWH highlights the need for ongoing education on prescribing principles and the optimal management of individual patients. The knowledge of adverse health outcomes associated with polypharmacy and inappropriate prescribing should ensure that there are interventions to prevent harm including medication reconciliation, medication review and medication prioritization according to the risks/benefits for each patient.
CSA‐90 reduces periprosthetic joint infection in a novel rat model challenged with local and systemic Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Mills Rebecca J. , Boyling Alexandra , Cheng Tegan L. , Peacock Lauren , Savage Paul B. , Tägil Magnus , Little David G. , Schindeler Aaron 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInfection of orthopedic implants is a growing clinical challenge to manage due to the proliferation of drug‐resistant bacterial strains. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the treatment of implants with ceragenin‐90 (CSA‐90), a synthetic compound based on endogenous antibacterial peptides, could prevent infection in a novel rat model of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) challenged with either local or systemic Staphylococcus aureus. A novel preclinical model of PJI was created using press‐fit porous titanium implants in the distal femur of male Wistar rats. Sterile implants were pre‐treated with 500 μg CSA‐90 in saline. S. aureus was applied either directly at the time of surgery or administered via tail vein injection immediately afterward. Animals were monitored daily for clinical and radiographic evidence of infection for a total of 6 weeks. Post‐study microbiological, radiographic, and histological analysis were performed to determine the incidence of PJI and assess osseointegration. CSA‐90 treated groups demonstrated a reduced rate of PJI as confirmed by deep tissue swab culture at the time of cull compared with untreated groups with both local (33% vs 100%; P = .009) and systemic (10% vs 90%; P < .0001) S. aureus inoculation. Median survival time also increased from 8 to 17 days and from 8 to 42 days, respectively. In conclusion, this study describes a novel preclinical model of local and hematogenous PJI using a porous metal implant. CSA‐90 reduced the incidence of PJI in this model supporting its further development as an antimicrobial coating for orthopedic implants.