bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The usefulness of subxiphoid view in the evaluation of acceleration time and pulmonary hypertension in ICU patients
Authors: Gürsel Gül , Özdemir Uğur , Güney Tuba , Karaarslan Nur , Tekin Ömer , Öztürk Burcu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary hypertension (PHT) is very frequent in ICUs. Estimation of systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PASP) by using tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV) is impossible in 25% of patients. However, it may be possible to estimate PHT in these patients by obtaining subxiphoid imaging of short axis (SX‐SAX) and measuring pulmonary artery diameter (PAD) and right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) acceleration time (AT). We first aimed to compare the values of AT and PAD measured at the parasternal short axis view (PSAX) and SX‐SAX and then to compare AT measurements obtained in the RVOT and pulmonary artery (PA) in ICU patients.MethodsThis prospective observational study was conducted in a 7‐bed ICU of a tertiary academic teaching hospital. Measurements of TRV, PAD, and AT in parasternal and subxiphoid SAX were obtained. AT was measured in RVOT and PA locations. We measured other echocardiographic signs of PHT to assess the probability of PHT in addition to TRV measurements.ResultsThe study consisted of 61 patients. TRV was measured in 85% of the patients, and SX‐SAX was visualized in 78%. The probability of PHT was high (49%) in this study population. There were agreement and no proportional bias between the measurements of PAD and AT at both SX‐SAX and PSAX. Measurements of AT in the RVOT and PA were similar, as well.ConclusionThese results suggested that measurements of AT in the PSAX and SX‐SAX and RVOT and PA were similar in the ICU patients.
Undiagnosed mandibular degloving following dental trauma
Authors: Costa Mendes Leonor , Vaysse Frédéric , Courtois Bruno , Marty Mathieu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA 12‐year‐old girl presented to the Department of Paediatric Dentistry of the Toulouse University Hospital 10 days after a facial injury, complaining of persistent pain and halitosis. Previous examinations only reported trauma of the upper incisors. Further clinical exploration showed an 8 cm laceration of the oral mucosa in the lower labial sulcus, 1.5 cm inferior to the gingival margin and exposing the symphyseal bone. The diagnosis of mental protuberance degloving was established. The treatment consisted of debridement of the wound, removal of the necrotic tissue, multiple plane sutures and antibiotics. Complete healing of the wound with no sensory deficit was achieved. Mental degloving injuries occur when a shearing force is applied to the soft tissues overlying the chin, stripping them from the labial bone. This type of wound is rare and can go undetected if a meticulous oral examination is not performed. Early management is essential so healing is not compromised.
Monarda fistulosa hydrolate as antimicrobial agent in artificial media for the in vitro rearing of the tachinid parasitoid Exorista larvarum
Authors: Dindo Maria Luisa , Modesto Monica , Rossi Chiara , Di Vito Maura , Burgio Giovanni , Barbanti Lorenzo , Mattarelli Paola 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExorista larvarum (L.) (Diptera: Tachinidae), a larval parasitoid of Lepidoptera, can be reared from egg to fecund adult on artificial media composed of crude components. The standard in vitro culture is performed in 24‐well plastic rearing plates. Exorista larvarum eggs, removed from superparasitized larvae of Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), are individually placed in the wells, each containing a cotton swab soaked in liquid medium. The plates are then sealed until parasitoid puparium formation. To avoid contamination by microorganisms, the artificial medium is routinely supplemented with 0.01% solution of gentamicin. Experiments were carried out to assess whether this broad‐spectrum antibiotic may be replaced with hydrolate of Monarda fistulosa L. (Lamiaceae), which was selected due to its high in vitro activity against pathogenic microorganisms for humans and plants. The hydrolate was either supplemented to the artificial medium (0.5% wt/wt) (first experiment) or placed in an empty well (200 μl) of the rearing plate, to be supplied as saturated air due to evaporation (second experiment). In both experiments, a standard medium with gentamicin and an antimicrobial‐free medium were maintained as positive and negative controls, respectively. In the first experiment, in the hydrolate‐supplemented medium fewer E. larvarum completed egg‐to‐adult development than in the standard medium, but significantly more parasitoids developed from egg to adult compared to the antimicrobial‐free medium. No significant difference was found between the numbers of eggs laid by the females obtained from the standard medium vs. those from the hydrolate‐supplemented medium. In the second experiment, the hydrolate‐saturated air significantly decreased E. larvarum egg hatching, puparium formation, and female fecundity compared to the standard medium. In perspective, M. fistulosa hydrolate supplemented to the artificial media for E. larvarum may be considered as a promising candidate to replace the gentamicin solution, as suggested also by the microbiological analyses of the media, performed at various growth stages of the parasitoid in a separate trial. Conversely, the hydrolate‐saturated air treatment was deemed unsuitable.
The lentic and lotic characteristics of habitats determine the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in Mediterranean rivers
Authors: Buffagni Andrea 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

The importance of flow‐related factors to benthic organisms, as well as the role of habitat conditions in shaping aquatic communities during low‐flow periods, have been recognised. Despite this, the preferences of macroinvertebrates to the ratio of lentic to lotic habitats at the reach scale have not been accurately quantified in most instances.

Aquatic invertebrates and habitat features in a range of temporary rivers in Sardinia were investigated. The investigation focused on the flow‐related characteristics that contribute to defining the lentic–lotic condition of the river reaches. The relation of habitat features to benthic taxa distributions was assessed using multidimensional scaling. The main aim of the paper was to quantify the responses of taxa to the different lentic and lotic habitat conditions by applying hierarchical logistic regressions. Finally, taxon optima were aligned along the lentic–lotic gradient and the responses of different taxonomic groups compared.

Unbroken waves and imperceptible flow were correlated with benthic taxa variability, suggesting local hydraulics and turbulence have a major role in regulating community composition. The overall lentic–lotic character of the river reaches was also clearly related to the benthic taxa distribution. More than 80% of taxa were significantly related to the lentic–lotic gradient, and an asymmetrical response curve was the predominant model.

Benthic groups showed taxon optima clustered in different ranges of the lentic–lotic gradient. Odonata, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Mollusca preferred clearly lentic conditions. Diptera mainly ranged on the lotic side of the gradient, while Trichoptera were relatively uniformly distributed across the gradient. Ephemeroptera taxa clustered in intermediate lentic–lotic conditions, with two species preferring extremely lentic habitats. In general, optima converged at intermediate and extremely lentic conditions, presumably due, respectively, to the coexistence of different lentic and lotic features and to the highly diverse environmental characteristics under extremely lentic situations.

These results support the conclusion that dissimilar ecological factors act on benthic taxa along the lentic–lotic range and species favouring different lentic–lotic conditions are subjected to pressures of different nature. This should not be ignored when defining species preferences and studying community structure or relationships between species in Mediterranean rivers, which cyclically vary their habitat composition. In addition, the uneven distribution of optima of different groups along the lentic–lotic gradient might affect macroinvertebrate metrics when assessing ecological status or establishing reference conditions under variable climatic conditions.
Global impacts of fertilization and herbivore removal on soil net nitrogen mineralization are modulated by local climate and soil properties
Authors: Risch Anita C. , Zimmermann Stefan , Moser Barbara , Schütz Martin , Hagedorn Frank , Firn Jennifer , Fay Philip A. , Adler Peter B. , Biederman Lori A. , Blair John M. , Borer Elizabeth T. , Broadbent Arthur A. D. , Brown Cynthia S. , Cadotte Marc W. , Caldeira Maria C. , Davies Kendi F. , di Virgilio Augustina , Eisenhauer Nico , Eskelinen Anu , Knops Johannes M. H. , MacDougall Andrew S. , McCulley Rebecca L. , Melbourne Brett A. , Moore Joslin L. , Power Sally A. , Prober Suzanne M. , Seabloom Eric W. , Siebert Julia , Silveira Maria L. , Speziale Karina L. , Stevens Carly J. , Tognetti Pedro M. , Virtanen Risto , Yahdjian Laura , Ochoa‐Hueso Raul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSoil nitrogen (N) availability is critical for grassland functioning. However, human activities have increased the supply of biologically limiting nutrients, and changed the density and identity of mammalian herbivores. These anthropogenic changes may alter net soil N mineralization (soil net Nmin), that is, the net balance between N mineralization and immobilization, which could severely impact grassland structure and functioning. Yet, to date, little is known about how fertilization and herbivore removal individually, or jointly, affect soil net Nmin across a wide range of grasslands that vary in soil and climatic properties. Here we collected data from 22 grasslands on five continents, all part of a globally replicated experiment, to assess how fertilization and herbivore removal affected potential (laboratory‐based) and realized (field‐based) soil net Nmin. Herbivore removal in the absence of fertilization did not alter potential and realized soil net Nmin. However, fertilization alone and in combination with herbivore removal consistently increased potential soil net Nmin. Realized soil net Nmin, in contrast, significantly decreased in fertilized plots where herbivores were removed. Treatment effects on potential and realized soil net Nmin were contingent on site‐specific soil and climatic properties. Fertilization effects on potential soil net Nmin were larger at sites with higher mean annual precipitation (MAP) and temperature of the wettest quarter (T.q.wet). Reciprocally, realized soil net Nmin declined most strongly with fertilization and herbivore removal at sites with lower MAP and higher T.q.wet. In summary, our findings show that anthropogenic nutrient enrichment, herbivore exclusion and alterations in future climatic conditions can negatively impact soil net Nmin across global grasslands under realistic field conditions. This is an important context‐dependent knowledge for grassland management worldwide.
Identifying mismatch repair‐deficient colon cancer: near‐perfect concordance between immunohistochemistry and microsatellite instability testing in a large, population‐based series
Authors: Loughrey Maurice B , McGrath Jason , Coleman Helen G , Bankhead Peter , Maxwell Perry , McGready Claire , Bingham Victoria , Humphries Matthew P , Craig Stephanie G , McQuaid Stephen , Salto‐Tellez Manuel , James Jacqueline A 
Published: August 2020

AimsEstablishing the mismatch repair (MMR) status of colorectal cancers is important to enable the detection of underlying Lynch syndrome and inform prognosis and therapy. Current testing typically involves either polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based microsatellite instability (MSI) testing or MMR protein immunohistochemistry (IHC). The aim of this study was to compare these two approaches in a large, population‐based cohort of stage 2 and 3 colon cancer cases in Northern Ireland.Methods and resultsThe study used the Promega pentaplex assay to determine MSI status and a four‐antibody MMR IHC panel. IHC was applied to tumour tissue microarrays with triplicate tumour sampling, and assessed manually. Of 593 cases with available MSI and MMR IHC results, 136 (22.9%) were MSI‐high (MSI‐H) and 135 (22.8%) showed abnormal MMR IHC. Concordance was extremely high, with 97.1% of MSI‐H cases showing abnormal MMR IHC, and 97.8% of cases with abnormal IHC showing MSI‐H status. Under‐representation of tumour epithelial cells in samples from heavily inflamed tumours resulted in misclassification of several cases with abnormal MMR IHC as microsatellite‐stable. MMR IHC revealed rare cases with unusual patterns of MMR protein expression, unusual combinations of expression loss, or secondary clonal loss of expression, as further illustrated by repeat immunostaining on whole tissue sections.ConclusionsMSI PCR testing and MMR IHC can be considered to be equally proficient tests for establishing MMR/MSI status, when there is awareness of the potential pitfalls of either method. The choice of methodology may depend on available services and expertise.
Complex biological patterns of hematology parameters in childhood necessitating age‐ and sex‐specific reference intervals for evidence‐based clinical interpretation
Authors: Bohn Mary Kathryn , Higgins Victoria , Tahmasebi Houman , Hall Alexandra , Liu En , Adeli Khosrow , Abdelhaleem Mohammed 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionHematology laboratory parameters are among the most routinely ordered tests in support of adult and pediatric care. However, appropriate interpretation of test results has been a challenge in pediatrics since accurate and up‐to‐date reference intervals that reflect the dynamic physiological changes associated with growth and development have not been available. Critical gaps continue to exist in pediatric hematology reference intervals for modern laboratory platforms. To address this gap, this study establishes age‐ and sex‐specific reference intervals for 25 hematology parameters in the CALIPER cohort of healthy children and adolescents using a common platform, the Sysmex XN‐3000 analytical system.MethodsFresh whole blood samples collected from a total of 641 healthy children and adolescents (birth to <21 years) with informed consent were analyzed for 25 hematological parameters on the Sysmex XN‐3000 Hematology Analyzer. Age‐ and sex‐specific reference standards were calculated based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.ResultsOf the 25 analytes assessed, 19 required age‐partitioning and seven required sex‐partitioning (ie, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, red blood cell distribution width—SD, red blood cell distribution width—CV, and monocyte percentage). Age‐ and sex‐specific differences mostly coincided with the onset of puberty.ConclusionThis study establishes a comprehensive database of pediatric reference intervals for hematology parameters in the CALIPER cohort using the widely used Sysmex XN‐3000 analytical platform. These data highlight the dynamic hematological profile observed in healthy children and adolescents and the need for reference interval stratification by age and sex.
Cabozantinib in advanced renal cell carcinoma: A phase II, open‐label, single‐arm study of Japanese patients
Authors: Tomita Yoshihiko , Tatsugami Katsunori , Nakaigawa Noboru , Osawa Takahiro , Oya Mototsugu , Kanayama Hiroomi , Nakayama Kondoh Chihiro , Sassa Naoto , Nishimura Kazuo , Nozawa Masahiro , Masumori Naoya , Miyoshi Yasuhide , Kuroda Shingo , Tanaka Shingo , Kimura Akiko , Tamada Satoshi 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of cabozantinib, through a bridging study to METEOR, in Japanese patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma who had progressed after prior tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy.MethodsThis phase II, open‐label, single‐arm study (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT03339219) included adult Japanese patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma and measurable disease who had received one or more tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Patients received cabozantinib 60 mg orally once daily while there was clinical benefit, or until unacceptable toxicity or disease progression. The primary end‐point was objective response rate per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version 1.1. Secondary end‐points included clinical benefit rate (complete or partial response, or ≥8‐week stable disease), progression‐free survival, overall survival and safety.ResultsOf the 35 patients enrolled, 68.6%, 22.9% and 8.6% had previously received one, two and three prior tyrosine kinase inhibitors, respectively. The median duration of cabozantinib exposure was 27.0 weeks (range 5.1–43.0 weeks). The objective response rate was 20.0% (90% confidence interval 9.8–34.3%), and the clinical benefit rate was 85.7% (95% confidence interval 69.7–95.2%). The 6‐month estimated progression‐free survival was 72.3% (95% confidence interval 53.3–84.6%); the median progression‐free survival and overall survival were not reached. All patients reported adverse events, which were manageable by supportive treatment or dose modification; two patients (5.7%) discontinued therapy due to adverse events.ConclusionsThe results showed that findings from METEOR can be extrapolated, and that cabozantinib 60 mg/day is a viable treatment option in Japanese patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma who had progressed after prior tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy.
Patient and clinician experiences with an emergency department‐based mental health liaison nurse service in a metropolitan setting
Authors: Wand Timothy , Collett Gemma , Cutten Alexa , Buchanan‐Hagen Sally , Stack Amanda , White Kathryn 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs part of a larger multi‐site translational research project this study explored patient and staff experiences, perspectives, and recommendations in relation to a mental health liaison nursing (MHLN) team established in the emergency department (ED) of a metropolitan hospital in New South Wales, Australia. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a sample of ED patients (n = 26), ED nurses (n = 10), ED consultants (n = 9), and members of the consultation–liaison psychiatry team (n = 5). Data were analysed thematically. Patients emphasized the numerous therapeutic qualities of the MHLN role, the promptness with which they were seen and the value of follow‐up. Privacy was identified as important, and some negative experiences were reported. Staff identified that the MHLN team are able to respond to a variety of ED presentations in a timely manner. There was recognition that the MHLN team needs to be integrated within the ED as a specialist resource that builds ED capacity. Consistent staffing of the MHLN team with designated clinicians was also considered essential. Integrating a nurse practitioner‐led MHLN team within the ED has demonstrated multiple benefits for patients, ED staff, and overall service provision. Incorporating a specialist mental health nursing service within the ED builds confidence in ED clinicians. Members of the psychiatry team also acknowledge the value of aligning the clinical governance of the MHLN team within the ED and the reduced workload this model of care has on their service provision to ED, freeing them up to concentrate on their broader general hospital role.
DoTrompe l'oeilsLook Right When Viewed from the Wrong Place?
Authors: FERRETTI GABRIELE 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPicture perception and ordinary perception of real objects differ in several respects. Two of their main differences are: (1) Depicted objects are not perceived as present and (2) We cannot perceive significant spatial shifts as we move with respect to them. Some special illusory pictures escape these visual effects obtained in usual picture perception. First, trompe l'oeil paintings violate (1): the depicted object looks, even momentarily, like a present object. Second, anamorphic paintings violate (2): they lead to appreciate spatial shifts resulting from movement. However, anamorphic paintings do not violate (1): they are still perceived as clearly pictorial, that is, nonpresent. What about the relation between trompe l'oeil paintings and (2)? Do trompe l'oeils allow us to perceive spatial shifts? Nobody has ever focused on this aspect of trompe l'oeil perception. I offer the first speculation about this question. I suggest that, if we follow our most recent theories in philosophy and vision science about the mechanisms of picture perception, then, the only plausible answer, in line with phenomenological intuitions, is that, differently from nonillusory, usual picture perception, and similarly to ordinary perception, trompe l'oeil perception does allow us to perceive spatial shifts resulting from movement. I also discuss the philosophical implications of this claim.
Fine root and root hair morphology of cotton under drought stress revealed with RhizoPot
Authors: Xiao Shuang , Liu Liantao , Zhang Yongjiang , Sun Hongchun , Zhang Ke , Bai Zhiying , Dong Hezhong , Li Cundong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFine roots (roots with a diameter of less than 2 mm) and root hairs are the primary absorbers of water and nutrients; however, the morphology of cotton fine roots and root hairs in response to drought stress has not yet been defined. To solve this problem, this study characterized a self‐made in situ root observation device (RhizoPot) with a scanner with a resolution of up to 4,800 DPI was used to observe the roots of cotton plants grown indoors under both well‐watered and drought stress conditions. RhizoPot provided healthy growth conditions for cotton, and fine roots as well as root hairs were successfully observed. Root length density increased significantly under drought stress, whereas the average root diameter decreased gradually with the extension of treatment time. Drought stress accelerated fine root death, and the diameter of the fine roots was positively correlated with root lifespan. Additionally, the root hair lifespan was negatively regulated by soil drought stress and was associated with the growth stage. This result suggests that cotton developed more slender fine roots and longer root hairs under drought stress, which accelerated the death process of both, in order to develop new fine roots. This process helps cotton absorb as much water as possible under drought stress.