bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Results of Pisiformectomy in a Cohort of 57 Patients
Authors: Verhiel Svenna H. W. L. , Blackburn Julia , Ritt Marco J. P. F. , Chen Neal C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Excision of the pisiform is an infrequently used option for pisotriquetral joint dysfunction when nonoperative treatment is ineffective. This study reviews the patient-reported outcomes of patients treated with pisiformectomy, and furthermore focuses on the complications and the need for and time to revision procedure.
Materials and Methods Medical records of 57 patients were manually reviewed and assessed for complications, rate of unplanned reoperations, and type of reoperations. Thirty-seven patients (65%) completed patient-rated outcomes surveys at a median of 10 years after their procedure.
Results The complication rate was 13% (n = 7). Ulnar nerve symptoms were noted in three patients. No reoperations were performed after the pisiform excision. Out of the 16 patients who had preoperative symptoms of ulnar nerve compression at the wrist, 10 patients reported that their symptoms had completely resolved after the surgery. The median Quick Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) score after surgery was 4.5 (2.3–16), median score for pain 0 (interquartile range [IQR]: 0–2), and median score for overall satisfaction 10 (IQR: 8–10).
Conclusions Pisiformectomy is a surgery used sparingly in cases with refractory pain associated with arthrosis of the pisotriquetral joint or enthesopathy of the flexor carpi ulnaris/pisiform interface. When utilized in this fashion, patients report limited disability on patient-rated outcome measures, low pain scores, and high satisfaction at mid- to late follow-up.
Machine Perfusion: Cold versus Warm, versus Neither. Update on Clinical Trials
Authors: Bonaccorsi-Riani E. , Brüggenwirth I.M.A. , Buchwald J.E. , Iesari S. , Martins P.N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMachine perfusion (MP) preservation is potentially one of the most significant improvements in the field of liver transplantation in the last 20 years, and it has been considered a promising strategy for improved preservation and ex situ evaluation of extended criteria donor (ECD) organs. However, MP preservation adds significant cost and logistical considerations to liver transplantation. MP protocols are mainly classified according to the perfusion temperature with hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) and normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) being the two categories most studied so far. After extensive preclinical work, MP entered the clinical setting, and there are now several studies that demonstrated feasibility and safety. However, because of the limited quality of clinical trials, there is no compelling evidence of superiority in preservation quality, and liver MP is still considered experimental in most countries. MP preservation is moving to a more mature phase, where ongoing and future studies will bring new evidence in order to confirm their superiority in terms of clinical outcomes, organ utilization, and cost-effectiveness. Here, we present an overview of all preclinical MP studies using discarded human livers and liver MP clinical trials, and discuss their results. We describe the different perfusion protocols, pitfalls in MP study design, and provide future perspectives. Recent trials in liver MP have revealed unique challenges beyond those seen in most clinical studies. Randomized trials, correct trial design, and interpretation of data are essential to generate the data necessary to prove if MP will be the new gold standard method of liver preservation.
Assessing the Influence of Attending Surgeon Continuity on Free Flap Outcomes Following Unplanned Returns to the Operating Room
Authors: Zhao Ruya , Shammas Ronnie L. , Broadwater Gloria , Le Elliot , Hansen-Estruch Christophe , Kaakati Rayan , Cason Roger W. , Lyes Matthew , Orr Jonah P. , Hollenbeck Scott T. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Unplanned returns to the operating room (OR) may be necessary at times to salvage a compromised free flap. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of attending surgeon continuity on free flap outcomes following a return to the OR.
Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent free flap reconstruction and experienced an unplanned return to the OR within 30 days from 2002 to 2017. Logistic regression modeling was used to determine factors that predict unplanned returns to the OR.
Results Of the 1,177 patients were identified, 267 (22.5%) had an unplanned return to the OR. Of these, 69 (5.9%) patients experienced total flap loss. Overall, 216 take-back procedures were performed by the primary surgeons (80.2%), while 50 were performed by covering surgeons (18.8%). Flap loss occurred more frequently during a weekend procedure (p = 0.013). Additionally, when the take-back procedure was performed within 5 days of the original surgery by the primary as opposed to a covering surgeon, patients experienced lower estimated blood loss (75 vs. 150 cc, p = 0.04). Overall, there was a significantly lower incidence of flap loss when the take-back procedure was performed by the primary, as opposed to the covering, surgeon (20 vs. 47%, p = 0.0001).
Conclusion Higher rates of flap loss occur when a covering surgeon performs a take-back procedure in comparison to the primary surgeon. It is important to ensure the availability of the primary surgeon in the first few postoperative days following free flap reconstruction. When transfer of care is necessary, photographic or video documentation of the microvascular anastomosis may be helpful in addition to a verbal sign out.
The Evolution of NIMHANS Neurotrauma Care
Authors: Bhat Dhananjaya I. , Devi B. Indira , Shukla Dhaval , Kulkarni Akshay V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNeurotrauma services in NIMHANS, Bangalore, have been evolving since its inception in 1958. At present, it is a major referral center for Karnataka and surrounding districts of the southern states. It has many firsts to its credit, from having a separate building to having dedicated trauma teams to manage the service 24/7. It has made rapid strides in healthcare delivery based on data-driven evidence, improvisation with Lean sigma approach, and contribution through research and publications. This center has won best Neurotrauma center award in 2010.
Economic and social consequences of human mobility restrictions under COVID-19
Authors: Bonaccorsi Giovanni , Pierri Francesco , Cinelli Matteo , Flori Andrea , Galeazzi Alessandro , Porcelli Francesco , Schmidt Ana Lucia , Valensise Carlo Michele , Scala Antonio , Quattrociocchi Walter , Pammolli Fabio 
Published: June 2020

Significance
This paper presents a large-scale analysis of the impact of lockdown measures introduced in response to the spread of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on socioeconomic conditions of Italian citizens. We leverage a massive near–real-time dataset of human mobility and we model mobility restrictions as an exogenous shock to the economy, similar to a natural disaster. We find that lockdown measures have a twofold effect: First, their impact on mobility is stronger in municipalities with higher fiscal capacity; second, they induce a segregation effect: mobility contraction is stronger in municipalities where inequality is higher and income per capita is lower. We highlight the necessity of fiscal measures that account for these effects, targeting poverty and inequality mitigation.
Syntheses of all eight stereoisomers of conidendrin
Authors: Shirakata Hinako , Nishiwaki Hisashi , Yamauchi Satoshi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
All eight stereoisomers of conidendrin were synthesized from (1 R,2 S,3 S)-1-(4-benzyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-benzyloxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-2- hydroxymethyl-1,4-butanediol ((+)-4) and its enantiomer with high optical purity. The configurations at 4-positions of the conidendrin stereoisomers were constructed by intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction of protected 4. After conversion to tetrahydronaphthalene intermediate 7a, the 2- and 3-position of tetrahydronaphthalene structure 7a were converted to 3a- and 9a-position of (+)-α-conidendrin (3a), respectively. By the epimerization process of 2- or 3-position of 7a, the other diastereomers were obtained. All enantiomers were also synthesized from (−)-4.
Load‐velocity relationship of the deadlift exercise
Authors: Morán‐Navarro Ricardo , Martínez‐Cava Alejandro , Escribano‐Peñas Pablo , Courel‐Ibáñez Javier 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVelocity‐based training (VBT) is gaining popularity in strength and conditioning due to multiple practical advantages for auto‐regulating and individualizing training volume and load on a day‐to‐day basis. Because the load‐velocity relationship varies among exercises, the knowledge of particular equations is indispensable to effectively implement the VBT. The aim of this study was to determine the complete load‐ and power‐velocity profile of the deadlift exercise to provide practical equations and normative values for resistance training coaches and practitioners. Twenty strength‐trained men performed a progressive loading test at maximal intended velocity to determine their one‐repetition maximum (1RM). Mean (MV), mean propulsive (MPV) and peak velocity (PV) were measured during the concentric phase. Both MV and MPV showed a very close relationship to %1RM (R2 = 0.971 and R2 = 0.963) with a low error of estimation (SEE = 0.08 and 0.09 m·s−1), which was maintained throughout the wide breadth of velocities. PV showed the poorest results (R2 = 0.958, SEE = 0.15 m·s−1). MV attained with the 1RM was 0.24 ± 0.03 m·s−1 and consistent between participants with different relative strengths. The load that maximized the power output was identified at ∼60% 1RM. In contrast to what was observed in velocity, power outcomes showed poor predictive capacity to estimate %1RM. Hence, the use of velocity‐based equations is advisable to monitor athletes’ performance and adjust the training load in the deadlift exercise. This finding provides an alternative to the demanding, time‐consuming and interfering 1RM tests, and allows the use of the deadlift exercise following the VBT principles.
Full realization principle for the identification of ideational grammatical metaphor: nominalization as example
Authors: Yang Bingjun 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTWhen a clause likeglass cracks more quicklyis rankshifted and nominalized asglass crack growth rate, ideational grammatical metaphor (IGM) occurs. However, embedded clauses (e.g. the factthat it had been shown to be aforgery ruined his argument) are also rankshifted and nominalized, but they cannot be regarded as IGMs. This issue of embedding has tended to be relatively under studies within the theory of systemic functional linguistics (SFL). In order to tackle this issue, we propose a principle (i.e. the full realization principle, FRP) which operates in parallel with the principle of rankshift for the identification of IGMs. Under the FRP principle, a nominalization may be full, intermediate or raw in realization, but only the full nominalization which is compressed both in meaning and form can be regarded as IGM. As a necessary supplement to the rankshift principle, FRP helps distinguish nominalizations which are IGMs from those which are not, and the issue of embedding will not be a problem any longer. This in turn offers a new perspective to the categorization of nominalization in general.
Direct polymer microcantilever fabrication from free-standing dry film photoresists
Authors: Nilsen Madeleine , Dannberg Oliver , Fröhlich Thomas , Strehle Steffen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Traditionally, polymeric microcantilevers are assembled by a multitude of process steps comprising liquid spin-coated photoresists and rigid substrate materials. Polymer microcantilevers presented in this work rely instead on commercially available dry film photoresists and allowed an omittance of multiple fabrication steps. Thin, 5 μm thick dry film photoresists are thermally laminated onto prepatterned silicon substrates that contain AFM compatible probe bodies. Partially suspended dry film resists are formed between these probe bodies, which are patterned to yield microcantilevers using conventional photolithography protocols. A limited amount of thermal cycling is required, and sacrificial probe-release layers are omitted as microcantilevers form directly through resist development. Even 1 mm long polymeric cantilevers were fabricated this way with superior in-plane alignment. The general effects of post-exposure bake (PEB) and hardbake protocols on cantilever deflection are discussed. Generally, higher PEB temperatures limit out-of-plane cantilever bending. Hardbake improved vertical alignment only of high-PEB temperature cantilevers, while surprisingly worsening the alignment of low-PEB temperature cantilevers. The mechanism behind the latter is likely explained by complex interactions between the resist and the substrate related to differences in thermal expansion, heat conduction, as well as resist cross-linking gradients. We present furthermore multilayer structures of dry film resists, specifically cylindrical dry film resist pillars on the polymer cantilever, as well as the integration of metal structures onto the polymer cantilever, which should enable in future integrated piezoresistive deflection readout for various sensing applications. Finally, cantilever spring constants were determined by measuring force–displacement curves with an advanced cantilever calibration device, allowing also the determination of both, dry film resist cantilever density and Young’s modulus.
Galactose-based polymer-containing phenylboronic acid as carriers for insulin delivery
Authors: Zhong Yunhua , Song Bo , He Dan , Xia Zemei , Wang Peng , Wu Junzi , Li Yan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The galactose-based polymer is a promising drug delivery material. Herein, a new galactose-based block copolymer, termed as 6-O-vinyl sebacic acid-D-galactopyranosyl ester block 3-acrylamide phenylboric acid p(OVNG-b-AAPBA) was successfully synthesized by ‘block copolymer’ method. The structure of p(OVNG-b-AAPBA) was proved by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum (1 HNMR) and infrared (IR), the thermal stability was observed by thermogravimetric analyzer, and the molecular weights (Mw and Mn) were demonstrated by Gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The above test results suggested that the polymer of p(OVNG-b-AAPBA) was successfully synthesized, and it had optimal molecular weight and thermal stability, which could be used for investigating the drug delivery system. Then, this block copolymer was prepared to the nanoparticle (NP), these NPs had a satisfactory morphology, and their safety was verified by MTT and chronic animal toxicology test. In addition, insulin was encapsulated by the p(OVNG-b-AAPBA) NPs, the drug loading rate and encapsulation efficiency increased with that of AAPBA in the polymer. Finally, this study confirmed that these NPs can effectively maintain the blood sugar of diabetic mice at 96 h. In conclusion, the current study suggested that the insulin-loaded galactose-based polymer-block-3-acrylamide phenylboric acid NPs had slow-release/glucose-responsive drug release performance, which might play an active role in the diabetes therapy.
Shunted magnetostrictive devices in vibration control
Authors: Deng Zhangxian , Scheidler Justin J , Asnani Vivake M , Dapino Marcelo J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Structural vibrations in rotating machinery may lead to imprecise motion control, excessive noise, or even structural damage. Magnetostrictive materials can dissipate unwanted vibrations via hysteresis, eddy currents, and joule heating while exhibiting an electrically-tunable elastic modulus. Harnessing this feature, this article presents a shunted magnetostrictive device that includes an iron-gallium (Galfenol) rod, a permanent magnet array, a flux return path, and shunt circuits. The stiffness tunability and damping of this passive device are measured under a 750 Hz sinusoidal axial compression for resistive, capacitive, and inductive shunt circuits. The effect of eddy currents stiffness and damping is investigated for the first time by comparing results from laminated and solid Galfenol rods. Solid Galfenol produces larger eddy current-based damping, while laminated Galfenol enables larger stiffness variation and total damping. This device demonstrates a power density of 19.83 mW cm−3 for vibration energy harvesting. The frequency-dependent behavior of the shunted device is tested from 5 Hz to 1 kHz for selected electrical loads.
Weyl points and topological surface states in a three-dimensional sandwich-type elastic lattice
Authors: Ganti Sai Sanjit , Liu Ting-Wei , Semperlotti Fabio 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Following the realization of Weyl semimetals in quantum electronic materials, classical wave analogues of Weyl materials have also been theorized and experimentally demonstrated in photonics and acoustics. Weyl points in elastic systems, however, have been a much more recent discovery. In this study, we report on the design of an elastic fully-continuum three-dimensional material that, while offering structural and load-bearing functionalities, is also capable of Weyl degeneracies and surface topologically-protected modes in a way completely analogous to its quantum mechanical counterpart. The topological characteristics of the lattice are obtained by ab initio numerical calculations without employing any further simplifications. The results clearly characterize the topological structure of the Weyl points and are in full agreement with the expectations of surface topological modes. Finally, full field numerical simulations are used to confirm the existence of surface states and to illustrate their extreme robustness towards lattice disorder and defects.
Mobility analysis of Modified Proportional Fair scheduler in LTE/LTE-Advanced system
Authors: Johal M S , Ismail M K , Hendra H A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Packet scheduling is one of the key schemes used in Radio Resource Management (RRM) for Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular network. It serves as the resource allocation for each time and frequency dimensions in LTE baseband processing. In previous research, a new scheduling algorithm was developed, namely the Modified-Proportional Fair (PF) scheduler that splits a single subframe into multiple time slots and allocates the resource block (RB) to the identified User Equipment (UE) in some chosen time slots and it is done continuously for each subframe depending on the instantaneous Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) feedback received from UEs. Results have shown that the Modified-PF scheduler produces the most outstanding overall performance in terms of spectral efficiency and throughput with comparable fairness as compared to other state-of-the-art schedulers, namely, Round Robin and Proportional Fair schedulers. However, the performance of the new scheduler is not analysed in UE mobility scenario. Hence, this research will determine the type of response by the scheduler towards different mobility condition by simulating the throughput and the spectral efficiency of the three schedulers for various UE velocities. It is observed that the Modified-PF again shows significant performance improvement for various mobility condition in terms of average UE throughput and average UE spectral efficiency in both single cell omnidirectional and tri-sector eNodeB. This shows that Modified-PF can be considered as one of the packet scheduling options for the LTE cellular network.
Efficiency ratio optimization on uplink transmission power for Cloud-Based Radio Access Network
Authors: Ilyana Anwar Apandi Nur , Goh Yu Han Kevin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
With the adoption of fifth generation (5G) wireless network systems into the fourth Industrial Revolution, the data transfer efficiency and speed will see a significantly improvement, which will lead to systems having the ability to provide a real-time information, and a solution to the capacity problem. Cloud-Based Radio Access Network (C-RAN) is the groundwork on which future 5G networks are based on, and it can increase the spectral efficiency and lower the transmission latency. Moreover, the used of C-RAN in future is expected to decrease the capital, operational and maintenance expenses of mobile operators. This study aims to investigate and validate the joint measures of spectral efficiency and latency optimization by using a quantization process of uplink signal at the remote radio head (RRH) of the C-RAN network. The quantization process is used to convert the received radio frequency signal from mobile user equipment into in-phase and quadrature baseband samples. The uplink transmission power and the number of quantization bits are computed in a way that the performance of spectral efficiency and latency of the RRHs are simultaneously optimized. Results shows that the proposed scheme is capable working with the different types of RRH.
New perspectives of a 5G operating model
Authors: Suryanegara Muhammad 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The way 5G operators manage infrastructure, enterprise and customers will be radically different compared to preceding generations. This paper aims to provide new perspectives on the 5G operating model by presenting a visual guide on how mobile network operators should deliver value to their prospective 5G customers. The model presented enriches the eTOM framework by elaborating on the implications of virtual network operations, the consequences of an mmWave band, the value of the non-human customer, the security concerns, the role of the content provider in a new ecosystem, and the anticipation of the next generation technological platform.
Development of a PZT device-based power-generating shoes for disaster-affected areas
Authors: Tsukagoshi S , Seto K , Hashimoto S , Basari A A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A PZT device is an element that generates electric power when an impact is applied by vibration. Currently, PZT devices are installed on the floor near the ticket gates to supply power to station equipment, and on the floor of bridges to turn on LEDs at night. Since the current generated by the PZT device is small, there is a disadvantage that the electric power obtained is small. In this paper, we developed a power-generating shoe using PZT devices for use in disaster-affected areas where power shortages tend to occur. The validity of the developed power-generating shoes is experimentally evaluated under the variation of PZT device, shoes and secondary batteries. At present, the result is that it is possible to charge about 1.5% of mobile phones at the maximum. In order to reduce loss and obtain more power, it is necessary to improve shoes and to build a charge / discharge circuit.
Increasing the input data length of RSA cryptosystem by applying a hybrid lossless data compression algorithm
Authors: Siriboonpipattana Worapat , Soomlek Chitsutha , Seresangtakul Pusadee 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
RSA is a well-known and widely used cryptosystem. One major limitation of RSA is its maximum input length depends on the chosen key size and the selected padding. This paper proposed a hybrid data compression algorithm to increase the input data length to be encrypted by RSA. Firstly, a plain text is compressed by the LZW algorithm. The compressed data is padded. After that, the size of the compressed data is further reduced by using continued fraction. Double-compressed data is, then, used as an input of RSA. When using a combination of continued fraction and LZW algorithm, the results showed that, on average, the input data length is increased by 18.91 per cent. In most cases, the processing time is much better than not doing any compression. In the case of decryption, a cipher text is decrypted by RSA first. The padding is removed. Then, the Euclidean algorithm and LZW are used respectively to restore the original data. The hybrid data compression is not only relieved the limitation of RSA but also enhances the security level.