bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning about Islam and Muslims online: Reflections on the design and delivery of a massive open online course (MOOC) 2014–2019
Authors: Gilliat‐Ray Sophie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article evaluates the design, delivery, and main outcomes of Cardiff University's first “Massive Open Online Course” (MOOC) entitled “Muslims in Britain: Changes and Challenges,” delivered to over 20,899 international learners between 2014 and 2019. I explore the design principles underpinning the course and offer a detailed quantitative overview of our learner‐base. The paper examines the experience of course delivery, as well as providing an evaluation of the outcomes arising from the course in the short, medium and long‐term. It also explores some of the distinctive aspects of learning about religion (and Islam, in particular) online as a result of our course, thereby contributing to discussion about the pedagogy of Religious Studies in the digital environment.
A contemporary and historical analysis of the trace element composition of sewage sludge in the United Kingdom
Authors: Liu Jin , Liu Shan , Smith Stephen R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSewage sludge is the essential by‐product of wastewater treatment and approaching 100% of the sludge generated in the United Kingdom is recycled to agricultural land. In collaboration with three major Water Utility companies in the United Kingdom, a critical statistical analysis of historical and contemporary sludge quality data was completed to demonstrate the long‐term patterns and improvements in the trace element (TE) content of sludge recycled to agriculture since 1989, and to indicate the current status of sludge quality in the United Kingdom. Comparisons with pollutant emission inventory data showed most of the TE concentrations in sludge were strongly linked to declining environmental emissions. A soil accumulation model showed that zinc and copper would be the first to approach their statutory soil limits in the long term and that nickel, cadmium, lead and mercury are no longer significant and, from a practical perspective, could be removed from the regulatory controls on agricultural use.
Perceptions of Career and Technical Education in Montana: How Did A Nation at Risk Effect Workforce Education in the Late 20th Century and Now?
Authors: Ryan Bill 
Published: December 2020

Career and Technical Education provides students of all ages with the academic and technical skills, knowledge, and training necessary to succeed in future careers and to become lifelong learners. It marries educational objectives and workforce skill sets identified by industry as critical and in high demand. Demand for employees with these skill sets are critical, yet employers are having an increasingly hard time filling these positions. Have stigmas and biases created by education policy such as A Nation At Risk, as well as, the resulting education shift from Career and Technical Education as a part of a well-rounded public education to College Preparatory curriculum in high schools created a “four-year or bust” societal norm?
Multiple Regression Analysis of Hip Fracture Risk Assessment Via Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Awal Rabina , Faisal Tanvir R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An accurate assessment of hip fracture risk requires a proper consideration of parameters affecting the fracture. In general, hip fracture is assessed based on bone mineral density (BMD) and load amount, but hip fracture is an outcome of the interaction of the parameters such as loading directions, bone density, which are often disregarded. Assessing the effect of the parameters individually may not correctly reflect the root cause of the hip fracture. Hence, this research aims at analyzing the significance of parameters and their interaction in assessing the fracture risk. A multiple regression analysis has been conducted considering bone density (ρash), different loading directions during sideways fall, represented by load angle (α) about femoral shaft on the coronal plane and angle (β) about femoral neck (FN) axis on the transverse plane as independent parameters and fracture risk index (FRI) as a dependent parameter. The statistical results showing the significant value of 0.7321 for α, and 0.0001 for β and ρash indicate that the effect of loading direction (α) does not have impact on fracture risk in comparison with the loading direction (β) and ρash. Furthermore, the analysis of the interaction of parameters shows that the impact of β on fracture risk may depends more on bone density.
Social Skill Outcomes Following Physical Activity–Based Interventions for Individuals on the Autism Spectrum: A Scoping Review Spanning Young Childhood Through Young Adulthood
Authors: Colombo-Dougovito Andrew M. , Lee Jihyun 
Published: December 2020

Researchers posit that physical activity (PA) settings may provide an increased opportunity for social interaction. However, little consensus exists regarding the construct of social skills. Moreover, little is known about what type or amount of PA is necessary for individuals on the autism spectrum to benefit from this increased interaction. Thus, this scoping review synthesized the components (e.g., design, participants, independent and dependent variables, etc.) and findings of PA-based interventions that included social skill components to identify how interventions have incorporated these skills in different settings. Based on a review of 25 articles, this review revealed a great deal of variability in the types of PA, social skills, and instruments studied, as well as the intensity of intervention delivery in the published findings. No longitudinal studies were identified as a part of the search. These results provide a foundation for the design of effective PA-based interventions that may have an increased impact on the social skills of individuals on the autism spectrum. Future research should employ longitudinal designs to capture the relationship between social skills and PA, as well as to increase the likelihood of capturing change.
The “10 Mentality”: A Longitudinal Case Study of Self-Control Strength in Two Competitive Recurve Archers
Authors: Samuel Roy David , Matzkin Guy , Gal Saar , Englert Chris 
Published: December 2020

In this case study, the authors’ aim was to apply the tenets of the strength model of self-control (Baumeister et al., 1998) with two Israeli competitive archers over the 2019–20 season. According to this model, the ability to control the self is based on a finite resource that can become temporarily depleted. Under ego depletion, subsequent self-control acts are executed less efficiently, potentially resulting in lower effort and attentional focus. Recurve archery is a closed, self-paced shooting sport, which requires exerting control over physical and mental elements. Archers’ ability to control their performance sequence is partly dependent on self-control. The two archers practiced (in consultation sessions, training and competitions, and independently) a range of well-established intervention techniques (e.g., self-talk, performance routines, mindfulness) designed to increase their self-control strength and focus on the present shot. Archers self-reported data on their trait and state of self-control and mental states during several performance situations in training and competition. The results indicated a complex self-control—performance relationship, potentially underlined by the athletes’ preperformance mental state, self-control strength, and subjective perceptions of temporarily available self-control resources. The archers’ and the authors’ reflections demonstrate the importance of incorporating self-control training in an idiosyncratic manner to achieve positive performance outcomes.
Cancer of unknown primary
Authors: Lee Michael S , Sanoff Hanna K 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTCancers of unknown primary (CUPs) are histologically confirmed, metastatic malignancies with a primary tumor site that is unidentifiable on the basis of standard evaluation and imaging studies. CUP comprises 2-5% of all diagnosed cancers worldwide and is characterized by early and aggressive metastasis. Current standard evaluation of CUP requires histopathologic evaluation and identification of favorable risk subtypes that can be more definitively treated or have superior outcomes. Current standard treatment of the unfavorable risk subtype requires assessment of prognosis and consideration of empiric chemotherapy. The use of molecular tissue of origin tests to identify the likely primary tumor site has been extensively studied, and here we review the rationale and the evidence for and against the use of such tests in the assessment of CUPs. The expanding use of next generation sequencing in advanced cancers offers the potential to identify a subgroup of patients who have actionable genomic aberrations and may allow for further personalization of therapy.
Ethically incentivising healthy behaviours: views of parents and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Shah Seema , Malik Faisal , Senturia Kristen D , Lind Cara , Chalmers Kristen , Yi-Frazier Joyce , Pihoker Catherine , Wright Davene 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundTo assess ethical concerns associated with participation in a financial incentive (FI) programme to help adolescents with type 1 diabetes improve diabetes self-management.MethodsFocus groups with 46 adolescents with type 1 diabetes ages 12–17 and 38 of their parents were conducted in the Seattle, Washington metropolitan area. Semistructured focus group guides addressed ethical concerns related to the use of FI to promote change in diabetes self-management. Qualitative data were analysed and emergent themes identified.ResultsWe identified three themes related to the ethical issues adolescents and parents anticipated with FI programme participation. First, FI programmes may variably change pressure and conflict in different families in ways that are not necessarily problematic. Second, the pressure to share FIs in some families and how FI payments are structured may lead to unfairness in some cases. Third, some adolescents may be likely to fabricate information in any circumstances, not simply because of FIs, but this could compromise the integrity of FI programmes relying on measures that cannot be externally verified.ConclusionsMany adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents see positive potential of FIs to help adolescents improve their self-management. However, ethical concerns about unfairness, potentially harmful increases in conflict/pressure and dishonesty should be addressed in the design and evaluation of FI programmes.
Eruption history, petrogeochemistry, and geodynamic background of Tengchong volcanoes in Yunnan Province, SW China
Authors: Yu Hongmei , Zhao Bo , Chen Zhengquan , Wei Haiquan , Yang Wenjian , Bai Xiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

The Tengchong Volcanic Field (TVF) is one of the youngest volcanic areas in China, and is located in the southwestern part of Yunnan Province, China, adjacent to the collision zone between the Indian and Eurasian plates. This paper summarizes the results of previous research on the eruption history, petrochemistry and geodynamic background of the TVF and presents a detailed analysis of the available data. Eruptions took place from the Pliocene to the Holocene and were divided into five stages. The composition of the magma went through two cycles: the

N

2

−

Q

P

1

−

Q

P

2

volcanic rocks went through the evolutionary process from basalt to dacite and the

Q

P

3

−

Qh

magma evolved from trachybasalt to trachyte. The evolution of magma is mainly related to the fractional crystallization of pyroxene and ilmenite. The mantle source area of the TVF volcanic rocks was caused by mixing between the mid-ocean ridge basalt-source mantle and the eastern Indian continental margin sediments to different degrees. Geophysical data also showed that the Indian plate has been subducted under the TVF area. There are also magma chambers in the crust within a depth of 25 km in the TVF that are replenished by mantle magma.
A geomagnetic polarity timescale for the Carboniferous
Authors: Hounslow Mark W. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

The geomagnetic polarity pattern for the Carboniferous is incompletely known with the best-resolved parts in the Serpukhovian and Bashkirian. Hence, data from both igneous and sedimentary units are also used in an additional polarity bias evaluation. In the Tournaisian to mid Visean interval polarity is mainly derived from palaeopole-type palaeomagnetic studies, allowing identification of polarity bias chrons. Seven polarity bias chrons exist in the Mississippian (MI1n
B
to MI4n
B
) with an additional 33 conventional magnetochrons and submagnetochrons (MI4r to MI9r). The Moscovian and Gzhelian polarity is best resolved in magnetostratigraphic studies from the Donets Basin and the southern Urals. Dispute about the reliability of these data is ill-founded, since an assessment of supporting data from palaeopole-type studies suggests that these datasets currently provide the best magnetic polarity data through the Pennsylvanian. Polarity bias assessment indicates a normal polarity bias zone in the Kasimovian. In the Pennsylvanian there are 27 conventional magnetochrons and submagnetochrons (PE1n to CI1r) and one normal polarity bias chron (PE8n
B
). The Kiaman Superchron begins in the mid Bashkirian, with clear data indicating brief normal polarity submagnetochrons within the Superchron. The magnetochron timescale is calibrated using 31 U–Pb zircon dates and a quantitative Bayesian-based age-scaling procedure.
Improving the Performance of Hybrid Caches Using Partitioned Victim Caching
Authors: Agarwal Sukarn , Kapoor Hemangee K. 
Published: December 2020

Non-Volatile Memory technologies are coming as a viable option on account of the high density and low-leakage power over the conventional SRAM counterpart. However, the increased write latency reduces their chances as a substitute for SRAM. To attenuate this problem, a hybrid STT-RAM-SRAM architecture is proposed where with large STT-RAM ways, the small SRAM ways are incorporated for handling the write operations. However, the performance gain obtained from such an architecture is not as much as expected on account of the larger miss rate caused by smaller SRAM partition. This, in turn, may limit the amount of cache capacity.
This article attempts to reduce the miss penalty and improve the average memory access time by retaining the victims evicted from the hybrid cache in a smaller, fully associative SRAM structure called the victim cache. The victim cache is accessed on a miss in the primary hybrid cache. Hits in the victim cache require an exchange of the block between the main hybrid cache and the victim cache. In such cases, to effectively place the required block in the appropriate region of the main hybrid cache, we propose an access-based block placement technique. Besides, to manage the runtime load and the uneven evictions of the SRAM partition, we also present a dynamic region-based victim cache partitioning method to hold the victims dedicated to each region. Experimental evaluation on a full system simulator shows significant improvement in the performance and execution time along with a reduction in the overall miss rate. The proposed policy also increases the endurance of Hybrid Cache Architectures (HCA) by reducing writes in the STT partition.
Accelerating Large-Scale Heterogeneous Interaction Graph Embedding Learning via Importance Sampling
Authors: Ji Yugang , Yin Mingyang , Yang Hongxia , Zhou Jingren , Zheng Vincent W. , Shi Chuan , Fang Yuan 
Published: December 2020

In real-world problems, heterogeneous entities are often related to each other through multiple interactions, forming a Heterogeneous Interaction Graph (HIG). While modeling HIGs to deal with fundamental tasks, graph neural networks present an attractive opportunity that can make full use of the heterogeneity and rich semantic information by aggregating and propagating information from different types of neighborhoods. However, learning on such complex graphs, often with millions or billions of nodes, edges, and various attributes, could suffer from expensive time cost and high memory consumption. In this article, we attempt to accelerate representation learning on large-scale HIGs by adopting the importance sampling of heterogeneous neighborhoods in a batch-wise manner, which naturally fits with most batch-based optimizations. Distinct from traditional homogeneous strategies neglecting semantic types of nodes and edges, to handle the rich heterogeneous semantics within HIGs, we devise both type-dependent and type-fusion samplers where the former respectively samples neighborhoods of each type and the latter jointly samples from candidates of all types. Furthermore, to overcome the imbalance between the down-sampled and the original information, we respectively propose heterogeneous estimators including the self-normalized and the adaptive estimators to improve the robustness of our sampling strategies.
Finally, we evaluate the performance of our models for node classification and link prediction on five real-world datasets, respectively. The empirical results demonstrate that our approach performs significantly better than other state-of-the-art alternatives, and is able to reduce the number of edges in computation by up to 93%, the memory cost by up to 92% and the time cost by up to 86%.
MAGNETO
Authors: Ibrahim Omar Adel , Sciancalepore Savio , Oligeri Gabriele , Pietro Roberto Di 
Published: December 2020

Universal Serial Bus (USB) Flash Drives are nowadays one of the most convenient and diffused means to transfer files, especially when no Internet connection is available. However, USB flash drives are also one of the most common attack vectors used to gain unauthorized access to host devices. For instance, it is possible to replace a USB drive so that when the USB key is connected, it would install passwords stealing tools, root-kit software, and other disrupting malware. In such a way, an attacker can steal sensitive information via the USB-connected devices, as well as inject any kind of malicious software into the host.
To thwart the above-cited raising threats, we propose MAGNETO, an efficient, non-interactive, and privacy-preserving framework to verify the authenticity of a USB flash drive, rooted in the analysis of its unintentional magnetic emissions. We show that the magnetic emissions radiated during boot operations on a specific host are unique for each device, and sufficient to uniquely fingerprint both the brand and the model of the USB flash drive, or the specific USB device, depending on the used equipment. Our investigation on 59 different USB flash drives—belonging to 17 brands, including the top brands purchased on Amazon in mid-2019—reveals a minimum classification accuracy of 98.2% in the identification of both brand and model, accompanied by a negligible time and computational overhead. MAGNETO can also identify the specific USB Flash drive, with a minimum classification accuracy of 91.2%. Overall, MAGNETO proves that unintentional magnetic emissions can be considered as a viable and reliable means to fingerprint read-only USB flash drives. Finally, future research directions in this domain are also discussed.
Cisplatin-Mediated Upregulation of APE2 Binding to MYH9 Provokes Mitochondrial Fragmentation and Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Hu Yi , Yang Chun , Amorim Tania , Maqbool Mohsin , Lin Jenny , Li Chen , Fang Chuanfeng , Xue Li , Kwart Ariel , Fang Hua , Yin Mei , Janocha Allison J. , Tsuchimoto Daisuke , Nakabeppu Yusaku , Jiang Xiaofeng , Mejia-Garcia Alex , Anwer Faiz , Khouri Jack , Qi Xin , Zheng Qing Y. , Yu Jennifer S. , Yan Shan , LaFramboise Thomas , Anderson Kenneth C. , Herlitz Leal C. , Munshi Nikhil C. , Lin Jianhong , Zhao Jianjun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Cisplatin chemotherapy is standard care for many cancers but is toxic to the kidneys. How this toxicity occurs is uncertain. In this study, we identified apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 2 (APE2) as a critical molecule upregulated in the proximal tubule cells (PTC) following cisplatin-induced nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA damage in cisplatin-treated C57B6J mice. The APE2 transgenic mouse phenotype recapitulated the pathophysiological features of C-AKI (acute kidney injury, AKI) in the absence of cisplatin treatment. APE2 pulldown-MS analysis revealed that APE2 binds myosin heavy-Chain 9 (MYH9) protein in mitochondria after cisplatin treatment. Human MYH9-related disorder is caused by mutations in MYH9 that eventually lead to nephritis, macrothrombocytopenia, and deafness, a constellation of symptoms similar to the toxicity profile of cisplatin. Moreover, cisplatin-induced C-AKI was attenuated in APE2-knockout mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that cisplatin promotes AKI development by upregulating APE2, which leads to subsequent MYH9 dysfunction in PTC mitochondria due to an unrelated role of APE2 in DNA damage repair. This postulated mechanism and the availability of an engineered transgenic mouse model based on the mechanism of C-AKI provides an opportunity to identify novel targets for prophylactic treatment of this serious disease.

Significance:
These results reveal and highlight an unexpected role of APE2 via its interaction with MYH9 and suggest that APE2 has the potential to prevent acute kidney injury in patients with cisplatin-treated cancer.
ST6GAL1 Is a Novel Serum Biomarker for Lenvatinib-Susceptible FGF19-Driven Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Myojin Yuta , Kodama Takahiro , Maesaka Kazuki , Motooka Daisuke , Sato Yu , Tanaka Satoshi , Abe Yuichi , Ohkawa Kazuyoshi , Mita Eiji , Hayashi Yoshito , Hikita Hayato , Sakamori Ryotaro , Tatsumi Tomohide , Taguchi Ayumu , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by high intertumor heterogeneity of genetic drivers. Two multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), lenvatinib and sorafenib, are used as standard-of-care chemotherapeutics in patients with advanced HCC, but a stratification strategy has not been established because of a lack of efficacious biomarkers. Therefore, we sought biomarkers that indicate lenvatinib-susceptible HCC.

Experimental Design:
We performed genetic screening of HCC driver genes involved in TKI susceptibility using a novel HCC mouse model in which tumor diversity of genetic drivers was recapitulated. A biomarker candidate was evaluated in human HCC cell lines. Secreted proteins from HCC cells were then screened using mass spectrometry. Serum and tumor levels of the biomarker candidates were analyzed for their association and prediction of overall survival in patients with HCC.

Results:
We found that lenvatinib selectively eliminated FGF19-expressing tumors, whereas sorafenib eliminated MET- and NRAS-expressing tumors. FGF19 levels and lenvatinib susceptibility were correlated in HCC cell lines, and FGF19 inhibition eliminated lenvatinib susceptibility. Lenvatinib-resistant HCC cell lines, generated by long-term exposure to lenvatinib, showed FGF19 downregulation but were resensitized to lenvatinib by FGF19 reexpression. Thus, FGF19 is a tumor biomarker of lenvatinib-susceptible HCC. Proteome and secretome analyses identified ST6GAL1 as a tumor-derived secreted protein positively regulated by FGF19 in HCC cells. Serum ST6GAL1 levels were positively correlated with tumor FGF19 expression in patients with surgically resected HCC. Among patients with serum ST6GAL1-high HCC who underwent TKI therapy, lenvatinib therapy showed significantly better survival than sorafenib.

Conclusions:
Serum ST6GAL may be a novel biomarker that identifies lenvatinib-susceptible FGF19-driven HCC.