bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystallization of the inner crust of a neutron star and the influence of shell effects
Authors: Carreau T. , Gulminelli F. , Chamel N. , Fantina A. F. , Pearson J. M. 
Published: February 2020

Context. In the cooling process of a non-accreting neutron star, the composition and properties of the crust are thought to be fixed at the finite temperature where nuclear reactions fall out of equilibrium. A lower estimate for this temperature is given by the crystallization temperature, which can be as high as ≈7 × 109 K in the inner crust, potentially leading to sizeable differences with respect to the simplifying cold-catalyzed matter hypothesis.
Aims. We extend a recent work on the outer crust to the study of the crystallization of the inner crust and the associated composition in the one-component plasma approximation.
Methods. The finite temperature variational equations for non-uniform matter in both the liquid and the solid phases are solved using a compressible liquid-drop approach with parameters optimized on four different microscopic models that cover current uncertainties in nuclear modeling.
Results. We consider the effect of the different nuclear ingredients with their associated uncertainties separately: the nuclear equation of state, the surface properties in the presence of a uniform gas of dripped neutrons, and the proton shell effects arising from the ion single-particle structure. Our results suggest that the highest source of model dependence comes from the smooth part of the nuclear functional.
Conclusions. We show that shell effects play an important role at the lowest densities close to the outer crust, but the most important physical ingredient to be settled for a quantitative prediction of the inner crust properties is the surface tension at extreme isospin values.
Schlechte Luft durch Verkehr, Industrie und Landwirtschaft
Authors: Lelieveld Jos 
Published: February 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Belastung der Außenluft mit Schadstoffen, insbesondere Feinstaub, ist einer der 5 wichtigsten Gesundheitsrisiken. Sie kann zu Lungen- und Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen sowie zum vorzeitigen Tod führen. Der durchschnittliche Verlust an Lebenserwartung durch schlechte Luft in Deutschland und den Europäischen Nachbarländern beträgt mehr als 2 Jahre. Eine wichtige Quellkategorie von Luftschadstoffen ist die Nutzung fossiler Brennstoffe durch Verkehr und Industrie. Allerdings ist die Landwirtschaft in Deutschland nahezu gleichbedeutend, da der Ausstoß von Ammoniak wesentlich zur Feinstaubbelastung beiträgt. Da die Wirkung von Ammoniak bei der Feinstaubbildung in der Atmosphäre nicht proportional mit der Konzentration abnimmt, ist es notwendig, die Ammoniakemissionen drastisch zu verringern. Studien zeigen, dass Maßnahmen hierzu technisch möglich und wirtschaftlich vorteilhaft sind. Um geringere Treibhausgas- und Luftschadstoff-Emissionen für Gesundheit, Umwelt und Klima zu erreichen, sind neue Zukunftskonzepte für eine nachhaltige Mobilität, Energieversorgung und Landwirtschaft erforderlich.
Stadtluft: „hot and dusty“
Authors: Liebers Uta , Maglakelidze Maka , Witt Christian 
Published: February 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie gesundheitsschädigende Wirkung von Luftschadstoffen ist durch eine Vielzahl von Studien belegt. Eine erhöhte Konzentration von Feinstaubpartikeln (PM10 und PM2.5), Ozon und Stickoxiden triggern inflammatorische Prozesse an den Schleimhäuten der Atemwege und am Endothel. Diese kann zur Progression oder Exazerbation chronischer Krankheiten führen und akute respiratorische oder kardiovaskuläre Symptome auslösen. Die Exposition gegenüber Luftschadstoffen ist konzentrationsabhängig mit einem Anstieg der Mortalität und Morbidität assoziiert. Vulnerable Gruppen sind Säuglinge und Kleinkinder, aber auch ältere Personen und polymorbide Patienten. Diese Bevölkerungsgruppen sind vor allem in Metropolenregionen nicht nur den erhöhten Luftschadstoffen, sondern im Rahmen des Klimawandels auch zunehmender Hitzebelastung ausgesetzt.Die Stimme der Ärzte ist wichtig, um die Bevölkerung auf die gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen von Luftschadstoffen im Klimawandel hinzuweisen und fortschrittliche Lösungen zum Hitzeschutz auch in den Kliniken zu unterstützen.
Directing-Group-Assisted Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Direct C–H Oxidative Annulation of Arenes with Alkynes for Facile Construction of Various Oxygen Heterocycles
Authors: Kuang Guanghua , Liu Guangyuan , Zhang Xingxing , Lu Naihao , Peng Yiyuan , Xiao Qiang , Zhou Yirong 
Published: February 2020

The most recent advances in the construction of oxygen heterocycles by the directing-group-assisted transition-metal-catalyzed direct oxidative annulation of arenes with diverse alkynes are summarized in this review. More than 140 recent research papers and many closely related reviews are referenced in this paper. Nine different oxygen heterocycles frameworks are discussed. Several traditional transition-metal catalysts as well as some classical non-noble metals are utilized to promote the annulation. Three plausible controlling models are disclosed to clarify the excellent regioselectivity outcomes achieved in case of unsymmetrical alkyne substrates.1	Introduction2	Coumarins3 I	socoumarins and Their Analogues4	2-Pyrones and Their Analogues5	Chromones and Chroman-4-ones6	Chromenes and Isochromenes7	Fused Polycyclic Oxygen Heteroaromatics8	Benzofurans, Dihydrobenzofurans, and Furans9	Phthalides and Benzofuranones10	Benzoxepines11	Conclusion
Candida and Oral Candidosis—A Review
Authors: Mallya Sachidananda , Mallya Shrikara 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOral candidiasis (also called candidosis) is an opportunistic infection affecting the oral mucosa. These lesions are very common and caused by yeast Candida albicans. C. albicans are normal component of oral microflora and around 30 to 50% carry these organisms. The rate of carriage increases with advancing age of the patient. C. albicans are recovered from patient’s mouth over the age of 60 years. Other species such as C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii, and C. krusei are infrequently but consistently isolated. Oral candidosis can be classified into primary and secondary candidiasis. The factors involved in the pathogenicity of C. albicans have been reviewed. The pathogenesis of different biotypes and strains of C. albicans varies. A relationship has been suggested between the adherence of C. albicans to surfaces and its ability to colonize and cause disease. An important aspect of the pathogenicity of C. albicans may be its nonspecific affinity and binding to acrylic resin and other plastics. The factors affecting adhesion of yeasts, related to yeast cells, related to host cells and environmental factors, and the main factors which increase the susceptibility of oral candidiasis have been reviewed. The different types of oral lesions, their identification by different methods, management, and treatment of oral candidiasis also have been highlighted.Oral candidosis as a common opportunistic infection has gained importance after the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Candidiasis was always an endogenous infection. There are few cases of exogenous infection in intravenous drug abusers and contact lens users. Esophageal candidiasis is the earliest and most cases of lesions seen in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient. The diagnosis and reporting of oral candidiasis should be done with utmost care. The finding of yeast cells in large numbers and presence of pseudohyphae indicate invasion and causative agent of infection. The diagnosis of Candida infection can be confirmed by various techniques and recently discovered advanced methods.The confirmation of Candida infection depends on clinical diagnosis, proper collection of specimen, and careful evaluation in methodology and reporting.
Multidetector Computed Tomography Evaluation of Omental Infarct
Authors: Babu Merin , Avantsa Rohini 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Omental infarction is a rare cause of acute pain abdomen and is difficult to diagnose clinically due to nonspecific clinical features. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) imaging of the abdomen is essential for the diagnosis of omental infarction and is also crucial to rule out appendicitis and other causes of acute pain abdomen.
Objective The main purpose of this article is to describe the MDCT features of omental infarction in clinching the diagnosis and differentiating it from its clinical mimics.
Methods CT findings of five patients with diagnosed omental infarction were retrospectively reviewed from 2014 to 2019. All patients presented with pain abdomen on the right side of the abdomen with various clinical diagnoses. MDCT was done for diagnosis and features evaluated include size of the lesion, location, relation to colon, and findings that were correlated to clinical presentation and etiology.
Results Age distribution ranged between 36 and 55 years with female predominance. Out of five cases, one was secondary omental infarction due to inguinal hernia causing omental torsion and the other four cases were of unknown etiology. Three cases were managed conservatively and the other two cases were surgically managed. Three lesions were in right iliac fossa and two lesions were in the supraumbilical region on the right side.
Conclusion Omental infarction should be considered important in the differential diagnosis of acute pain abdomen mimicking acute appendicitis and requires CT abdomen to establish diagnosis. Knowledge of typical imaging findings and application for diagnosis are important, as it is a self-limiting disease and can avoid unnecessary surgical interventions.
Emerging Technologies, Market Segments, and MarkeTrak 10 Insights in Hearing Health Technology
Authors: Edwards Brent 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHearing health care is rapidly changing through innovation in technology, services, business models, and product categories. The introduction of hearables and over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids in particular will change the market for hearing help and the role of the hearing care professionals (HCPs). This article focuses on how these products will be differentiated from HCP-fit hearing aids through their ability to address the unmet needs of different consumer segments within the population of people with hearing dysfunction. The unmet hearing needs of each segment are discussed, and the size of each segment estimated, demonstrating a large potential market for hearables and a smaller potential market for hearing aids than has been previously mentioned in the literature. The results from MarkeTrak 10's survey of consumers' attitudes toward an OTC model are reviewed, showing that approximately half of both hearing aid owners and nonowners are uncomfortable doing hearing- and hearing aid–related tasks on their own without the assistance of an HCP and would be unlikely to purchase OTC hearing aids if available today. MarkeTrak data are also shown that demonstrate that the majority of hearing aid and personal sound amplification product owners believe that the HCP helped or would have helped with their hearing devices. Finally, challenges to OTC hearing aids becoming successful are discussed.
Entextualizing and contextualizing the status quo in domestic violence narratives
Authors: Andrus Jennifer 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Victim/survivors of domestic violence are asked to tell their stories many times, in different contexts, and for
different audiences. These stories are contextualized for the new context and audience at the same time that they become texts –
entextualization – in that context. This article argues that narrative is produced via the co-processes of entextualization and
contextualization (Silverstein & Urban, 1996). The co-processes of
entextualization/contextualization in domestic violence narratives about staying and leaving violent relationships produce stories
that comport with the status quo, as it is envisioned in the stories of the victim/survivors. Using staying/leaving stories of
domestic violence victim/survivors, I show that entextualizations/contextualizations are (1) socioculturally saturated processes
and (2) rhetorical arguments. I argue that narratives entextualize/contextualize events of domestic violence in ways that involve
and comply with the status quo. Ultimately, these processes create discursive resources that reinforce domestic violence.
Decreased running economy is not associated with decreased force production capacity following downhill running in untrained, young men
Authors: Lima Leonardo C. R. , Nosaka Kazunori , Chen Trevor C. , Pinto Ronei S. , Greco Camila C. , Denadai Benedito S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present study investigated the relationships between changes in running economy (RE) and indirect muscle damage markers following downhill running (DHR) to test the hypothesis that decreased RE after DHR would be associated with decreases in muscle function. Forty‐five young men ran downhill (−15%) for 30 min at the velocity corresponding to 70% of their peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). Oxygen uptake (VO2) and other parameters possibly associated with RE (blood lactate concentration, perceived exertion, stride length and frequency) were measured during 5‐minute level running at the velocity corresponding to 80%VO2peak before, immediately after and 1–3 days after DHR. Knee extensor maximal voluntary contraction torque (MVC), rate of torque development, vertical jump performance, muscle soreness and serum creatine kinase activity were assessed at the same time points. The values of the dependent variables were compared among time points by one‐way ANOVAs followed by Bonferroni post‐hoc tests when appropriate. Pearson's correlation tests were used to examine relationships between changes in VO2 (RE parameter) and changes in muscle damage parameters. VO2 during the level run increased (p < 0.05) immediately after DHR (18.3 ± 4.6%) and sustained until 2 days post‐DHR (11.7 ± 4.2%). MVC decreased (p < 0.05) immediately (−21.8 ± 6.1%) to 3 days (−13.6 ± 5.9%) post‐DHR, and muscle soreness developed 1–3 days post‐DHR. The magnitude of changes in VO2 did not significantly (p < 0.05) correlate with the changes in muscle damage makers (r = −0.02–0.13) nor stride length (r = −0.05) and frequency (r = −0.05). The absence of correlation between the changes in VO2 and MVC suggests that strength loss was not a key factor affecting RE.
Small extracellular vesicles derived from human mesenchymal stromal cells prevent group 2 innate lymphoid cell‐dominant allergic airway inflammation through delivery of miR‐146a‐5p
Authors: Fang Shu‐Bin , Zhang Hong‐Yu , Wang Cong , He Bi‐Xin , Liu Xiao‐Qing , Meng Xiang‐Ci , Peng Ya‐Qi , Xu Zhi‐Bin , Fan Xing‐Liang , Wu Zhang‐Jin , Chen Dong , Zheng Lei , Zheng Song Guo , Fu Qing‐Ling 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTGroup 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are recently reported to play a more critical role in allergic diseases. We previously identified that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) elicited therapeutic effects on allergic airway inflammation. Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) derived from MSCs possess striking advantages including low immunogenicity and high biosafety, and is extremely promising cell‐free therapeutic agents. However, the effects of MSC‐sEV on ILC2s are still unclear. Additionally, scalable isolation protocols are required for the mass production of homogenous MSC‐sEV especially in clinical application. We previously reported that induced pluripotent stem cells‐derived MSCs were the ideal cellular source for the large preparation of MSC‐sEV. Here we developed a standardized scalable protocol of anion‐exchange chromatography for isolation of MSC‐sEV, and investigated the effects of MSC‐sEV on ILC2 function from patients with allergic rhinitis and in a mouse ILC2‐dominant asthma model. The characterization of MSC‐sEV was successfully demonstrated in terms of size, morphology and specific markers. Using flow cytometry and human Cytokine Antibody Array, MSC‐sEV but not fibroblasts‐sEV (Fb‐sEV) were found to significantly inhibit the function of human ILC2s. Similarly, systemic administration of MSC‐sEV but not Fb‐sEV exhibited an inhibition of ILC2 levels, inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus production in the lung, a reduction in levels of T helper 2 cytokines, and alleviation of airway hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of asthma. Using RNA sequencing, miR‐146a‐5p was selected as the candidate to mediate the above effects of MSC‐sEV. We next revealed the uptake of ILC2s to MSC‐sEV, and that transfer of miR‐146a‐5p in MSC‐sEV to ILC2s in part contributed to the effects of MSC‐sEV on ILC2s in vitro and in a mouse model. In conclusion, we demonstrated that MSC‐sEV were able to prevent ILC2‐dominant allergic airway inflammation at least partially through miR‐146a‐5p, suggesting that MSC‐sEV could be a novel cell‐free strategy for the treatment of allergic diseases.
Induced superconducting pair correlations in a quasicrystal coupled to a BCS superconductor
Authors: Rai Gautam , Haas Stephan , Jagannathan A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We investigate the superconducting pair correlations induced within a 1D quasiperiodic chain when placed in contact with a superconductor. We show that these decay as a power law with distance from the interface. We also show that the induced correlations carry information on the topological properties of the spectrum of the quasiperiodic chain.
Entangling power of multipartite unitary gates
Authors: Linowski Tomasz , Rajchel-Mieldzioć Grzegorz , Życzkowski Karol 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We study the entangling properties of multipartite unitary gates with respect to the measure of entanglement called one-tangle. Putting special emphasis on the case of three parties, we derive an analytical expression for the entangling power of an n-partite gate as an explicit function of the gate, linking the entangling power of gates acting on the n-partite Hilbert space of dimension

to the entanglement of pure states in the Hilbert space of dimension

. Furthermore, we evaluate its mean value averaged over the unitary and orthogonal groups, analyze the maximal entangling power and relate it to the absolutely maximally entangled (AME) states of a system with 2n parties. Finally, we provide a detailed analysis of the entangling properties of the three-qubit unitary and orthogonal gates.
CdSe quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized by a hot-bubbling strategy
Authors: Wang Renbao , Sun Qiang , Xu Zhenfeng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A hot-bubbling strategy was studied to synthesize CdSe quantum dots. The synthetic parameters including temperature and growth time, were studied to show great influence on the optical properties. At the different reaction time CdSe quantum dots could emit fluorescence of different color, ranging from green to red, under the ultraviolet lamp which had irradiation of 365nm. The size of CdSe quantum dots was adjusted by the temperature and reaction time. CdSe quantum dots with sphalerite structure were prepared by this method.
The research of Oil Producing Evaluation on Northern-2 Daqing Blocks and Solution Scheme
Authors: Zhang Yanyan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Among current oil in place in Daqing Oilfield, a large part of which is in oil reservoir of the pilot area on Northern-2 Blocks of Daqing oilfield, whose natural flow potential is very low. A Theoretical Analysis of producing state for the pilot area in west of Northern District of Daqing oilfield is studied to find affecting factors on producing state in reservoir and some renovations are presented, in order to provide theory evidence for effective development in reservoir. Based on evaluation of data points of producing state from 261 wells, the pilot area on Northern-2 District of Daqing oilfield is studied to establish mathematical model of injection-production ratio and water-oil ratio. The paper finds affecting factors on producing state in reservoir and ascertain major limitations on technical policy, in order to provide main measures for effective development in reservoir. The study on the effect of producing state in reservoir of the pilot area in west of Northern District of Daqing oilfield, especially carrying on the theoretical analysis to form a set of reasonable limitation on technical policy, have important directive significance on reservoir development.
Preparation and Properties of Silane Molecular Sieve Supported Composite Polyether Ionic Liquids Catalysts
Authors: Cui Zhongyi , Guo Liying 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this work, three composite polyether imidazole ionic liquids (PIILs) supported on molecular sieve (MCM-22) with terminal hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups were synthesized with the help of silane coupling agent 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane (CPTES). They were used for cycloaddition of CO2 and propylene oxide (PO) in a fixed-bed reactor. The results showed that MCM-22-CPTES-HOOC-[PECH-MIM]Cl/[ZnBr2] was the best catalytic properties in this reaction. The conversion rate and selectivity were 92.7% and 82.7%.
Research on Forecasting Technology of Single Base Tower Cost in Transmission Line Engineering
Authors: Du Ying , Zhang Jiyuan , Wang Chao , Wan Mingyong , Zhou Ping , Chen Chao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
For a long time, the overhead transmission line project budget, completion settlement and financial final accounts are all valued according to the entire line. The project construction management and asset collection have not yet been refined. The management is not separately calculated according to the actual investment of different towers, and cannot be reflected in each base tower. The actual cost level and the accuracy of the cost need to be further improved. Therefore, this paper combines the actual pain points and difficulties of overhead line engineering cost management, and innovatively builds a pricing model based on a single base tower. When the company strengthens the construction drawing budget management, improves the project settlement level, accurately controls risks, and realizes high-quality management of cost management. The level of leanness is of great practical significance.
Effect of microwave radiation on pore structure of SCR denitration catalyst
Authors: Shen Honghong , Gu Qunyin , Wen Daoyuan , Liu Gang , Gao Weijun , Ren Jianxing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Based on the background of SCR denitrification technology widely used in pulverized coal utility boilers, the characteristics of denitrification catalysts used in industry were studied. Microwave radiation was used to prepare 8Mn-8Fe/Al2O3 denitrification catalyst by using microwave as an efficient and fast heating method. The results show that microwave irradiation can make the catalyst heated from inside to outside without temperature gradient, make the molecule oscillate rapidly, change the specific surface area and pore structure of the catalyst, thus improving the catalytic activity of the catalyst.
Design and Test of Self-Rescue Safety Belt for Power Line Operation at Heights
Authors: Zhiyong Zhao , Jianzhong Zhang , Yijun Hua , Chunming Fei , Jian Fu , Jianling Wu , Juhua Gao , Huayu Fang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The self-rescue ability of electric power workers is of great significance to the safety of workers. However, the current use of safety belts can only ensure that operators do not fall to the ground, but it is not convenient for operators to carry out independent rescue and return to the wire. In this paper, a new type of safety belt design scheme is proposed to improve the self-rescue ability of electric power workers. The biggest difference between this new type of safety belt and the current one is that it integrates a new type of buffer bag, which integrates pedal belt and can help operators change their posture and climb up. Through the test of the safety belt with the new buffer bag, it is found that the new safety belt not only has the basic safety protection ability, but also can effectively assist the operators to carry out self-rescue, which greatly improves the safety protection level of the workers of power lines.