bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect Size Test of Talking Stick Learning Model on Students’ critical thinking skills
Authors: Ifrianti Syofnidah , Shawmi Ayu Nur , Asiah Nur , Asyhari Ardian , Putri Livia , Komikesari Happy 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The backgrounds of this study are students can increase concentration when learning through talking stick, students have a low category in critical thinking skills, and students become passive because learning is only focused on the teacher. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Talking Stick learning model on the critical thinking skills of the tenth-grade students of SMA N Trimurjo 1. This research was quasi-experimental. The population of this study was all tenth-grade students of SMA N 1 Trimurjo. The sampling technique used was purposive. The samples of this study were 2 classes, they were class X.Mipa1 as the experimental class and class X.Mipa2 as the Control class. The instrument used in this study was students’ critical thinking skills test in the form of essay questions applied in the pretest and posttest. The hypothetical test used was the t-test with a significance level of 0.05%. Previously, the prerequisite tests were done to verify the normality and homogeneity of the tests. Based on the results of the hypothetical test, the result shows that tobserved>tcritical is equal to 1.86 > 1.67. The effectiveness of the Talking Stick model can be determined by the effect size test with the obtained value of 0.3 in the medium category. It can be concluded that Ha is accepted. It means that the Talking Stick learning model is effective for students’ critical thinking skills.
Identification of Phytoplankton That Causes Harmful Algae Blooms (Habs) in The Hurun Bay Water
Authors: Pawhestri S W , Nurdevita R , Saputri D A , Winandari O P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the abundance of phytoplankton and determine the type of phytoplankton that has the potential to cause Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs) in the waters of the Hurun Bay, and analyze the water quality in the Hurun Bay with physical, chemical and biological parameters. The results of this study are expected to be a source of information regarding the diversity of phytoplankton and water quality in Hurun Bay so that HABs can be prevented. Phytoplankton sampling was carried out in February 2018 at three observation stations (floating net cages, floating fish cage and docks) with sampling using the plankton net. The results of this study detected 9 genus of potentially dangerous phytoplankton (HABs) namely Chaetoceros (46,097 cells/L), Bacteriastrum (1,011 cells/L), Nitzschia (1,295 cells/L), Pseudo-nitzschia (598 cells/L), Pyrodinium (1,011 cells/L) 624 cells/L), Alexandrium (431 cells/L), Prorocentrum (836 cells/L) Skeletonema (615 cells/L), and Protoperidinium (640 cells/L). Based on the results of the correlation analysis it was concluded that the parameters that have a strong relationship and affect the abundance of phytoplankton (HABs and Non-HABs) are pH (p <0.01) with the strength of a strong and positive relationship.
Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving (TAPPS) Method: The Effect of Understanding Physics Concepts and Communication in High Schools in Indonesia
Authors: Rofiqah Siti Anisatur , Widayanti  , Rozaqi Ahmad 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to improve the understanding of scientific concepts and communication of high school students in Indonesia. The method used in this research is quasi experiment method with the pre-test and post-test. Subjects of the research were obtained from random cluster sampling with 60 students. The experimental class was given treatment of the Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving method and the control class was given the treatment of the discussion method. The results of this study indicate an increase between the pre-test and post-test understanding of concepts and scientific communication both in the experimental class and the control class. However, the experimental class experienced more significant escalation with an effect size value of 0.3 in the medium category. The further research need to be applied the use of Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving method in more than one class to see the consistency of Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving method in improving students’ understanding of concepts and scientific communication.
Spirit of Mathematics Critical Thinking Skills (CTS)
Authors: Syafril S , Aini N R , Netriwati  , Pahrudin A , Yaumas N E , Engkizar  
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The mathematical critical-thinking skill is a process of thinking systematically to develop logical and critical thinking on mathematical problems, which characterize and demand to learn in the 21st century. This conceptual paper aims to analyze the spirit of critical thinking skill, and various approaches that can be applied in mathematics learning. Based on the analysis of several theories and research findings from various countries in the world, it can be concluded that the mathematical critical-thinking skill is very important for students, too; (i) help rational thinking in making decisions to express an idea, (ii) dare to make conclusions with alternative logical thinking, and (iii) able to examine and disregard various complex problems in learning Mathematics. Indeed, mathematics learning does not occur, if the learning process has not demonstrated the spirit of developing mathematical critical thinking skills.
Implementation of STEM Approach Based on Project-based Learning to Improve Creative Thinking Skills of High School Students in Physics
Authors: Widyasmah M , Abdurrahman  , Herlina K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Indonesia continues to improve the quality of education, especially in science learning. Science learning in Indonesia is not oriented yet towards improving 21st-century skills. Therefore, to develop science learning, it is necessary to improve the process thinking skills to release the potential that students have about creative thinking solutions that can be used to apply the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) learning approach. Based on the results of preliminary research, the researchers focused this research on the implementation of the STEM approach which is oriented towards project-based learning to enhance student’s creative thinking. This research was conducted to find out the improvement of students’ creative thinking skills by applying a STEM approach oriented to project-based learning on Pascal’s law material. This research was conducted at SMAN 1 Blambangan Umpu in the first semester of the 2019/2020 academic year. The results of the study represent that the application of the STEM learning approach to pascal’s law has increased the creative thinking skills at a significant level of 0,000 and there are differences in the increase in students’ creative thinking skills before and after the application of the STEM learning approach.
Advance Organizer Model in Physics Learning: Effect Size Test on Learning Activities and Students’ Conceptual understanding
Authors: Thahir Andi , Diani Rahma , Permana Deby 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Advance Organizer learning model on learning activities and students’ conceptual understanding in learning physics. The research method used is a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group design. The population of this research was the tenth-grade nursing major students of SMK N 7 Bandar Lampung. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The instruments employed in this research were the non-test observation questionnaire to measure the students’ activity and test in the form of a Three-Tier Diagnostic test to measure students’ conceptual understanding. Data obtained were analyzed using the multivariate test (MANOVA). The Advance Organizer learning model is more effective in increasing learning activities and students’ conceptual understanding. It is indicated by the value of the effect size of learning activities which is 0.718 and the effect size of the conceptual understanding which is 0.392 in the medium category. Based on the results of the MANOVA test, the significance value of learning activities and conceptual understanding is less than 0.05 (sig <0.05), so it can be concluded that there is an influence of Advance Organizer learning model toward the learning activities and students’ conceptual understanding in physics learning.
Origin of the mid-temperature transition in vinylidenefluoride-based ferro-, pyro- and piezoelectric homo-, co- and ter-polymers
Authors: Venkatesan Thulasinath Raman , Gerhard Reimund 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The existence of an intermediate transition between the glass and the Curie/melting temperatures in Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and some of its co- and ter-polymers has been reported by several authors. In spite (or because?) of various different explanations in the literature, the origins of the transition are still not clear. Here, we try to understand the extra transition in more detail and study it with thermal and dielectric methods on PVDF, on its co-polymers with trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)) and tetrafluoroethylene (P(VDF-TFE)), and on its ter-polymer with trifluoroethylene and chlorofluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE-CFE). Based on interpretations from the literature and our experimental studies, we propose the new hypothesis that the intermediate transition should have several interrelated origins. Especially since the relevant range is not far above room temperature, better understanding and control of their properties may also have practical implications for the use of the respective polymer materials in devices.
Modeling Missing Cases and Transmission Links in Networks of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Nelson Kristin N , Gandhi Neel R , Mathema Barun , Lopman Benjamin A , Brust James C M , Auld Sara C , Ismail Nazir , Omar Shaheed Vally , Brown Tyler S , Allana Salim , Campbell Angie , Moodley Pravi , Mlisana Koleka , Shah N Sarita , Jenness Samuel M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Patterns of transmission of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) remain poorly understood, despite over half a million incident cases worldwide in 2017. Modeling TB transmission networks can provide insight into drivers of transmission, but incomplete sampling of TB cases can pose challenges for inference from individual epidemiologic and molecular data. We assessed the effect of missing cases on a transmission network inferred from Mycobacterium tuberculosis sequencing data on extensively drug-resistant TB cases in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, diagnosed in 2011–2014. We tested scenarios in which cases were missing at random, missing differentially by clinical characteristics, or missing differentially by transmission (i.e., cases with many links were under- or oversampled). Under the assumption that cases were missing randomly, the mean number of transmissions per case in the complete network needed to be larger than 20, far higher than expected, to reproduce the observed network. Instead, the most likely scenario involved undersampling of high-transmitting cases, and models provided evidence for super-spreading. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis to have assessed support for different mechanisms of missingness in a TB transmission study, but our results are subject to the distributional assumptions of the network models we used. Transmission studies should consider the potential biases introduced by incomplete sampling and identify host, pathogen, or environmental factors driving super-spreading.
Motives and Fiduciary Loyalty
Authors: Galoob* Stephen R , Leib* Ethan J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract:
How, if at all, do motives matter to loyalty? We have argued that loyalty (and the duty of loyalty in fiduciary law) has a cognitive dimension. This kind of “cognitivist” account invites the counterargument that, because most commercial fiduciary relationships involve financial considerations, purity of motive cannot be central to loyalty in the fiduciary context. We contend that this counterargument depends on a flawed understanding of the significance of motive to loyalty. We defend a view of the importance of motivation to loyalty that we call the compatibility account. On this view, A acts loyally toward B only if A’s motives are compatible with A’s robustly assigning non-derivative significance to the interests of B. We show that the compatibility account describes the motivational structure of fiduciary loyalty and of loyalty as such. This account provides a realistic picture of motivation and helps respond to two broader criticisms of cognitivism: first, that attributing significance to motivation is paradoxical; second, that attributing significance to motive would make fiduciary law impossible to administer. We also show that the compatibility account can help explain features of ineffective assistance of counsel jurisprudence under the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which draws on the lawyer’s duty of loyalty toward the client.
Nodal is required to maintain the uterine environment in an anti-inflammatory state during pregnancy†
Authors: Ayash Taghreed A , Starr Lisa M , Dufort Daniel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPreterm birth remains the major cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide, affecting up to 12% of pregnancies and accounting for ~75% of neonatal deaths. However, the mechanisms and causes that underlie it are still largely unknown. One of the major causes of preterm birth is infection or inflammation within the maternal–fetal interface. Our lab has previously shown that a uterine specific deletion of Nodal results in mutant females delivering 2 days prior to term demonstrating an important role for this factor in the maintenance of pregnancy. Here, we have addressed the function of Nodal in the uterus during pregnancy. We demonstrate that Nodal heterozygous mice have an increase in basal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p, TNF-α, and IFN-γ as well as an increase in the number of macrophages in response to the inflammatory agent, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Using bone marrow-derived macrophages, we demonstrated that pretreatment with recombinant Nodal reduces pro-inflammatory gene expression when these cells are challenged with LPS. Our results demonstrate that Nodal is required to maintain the uterine environment in an anti-inflammatory state by preventing proinflammatory cytokine expression.
Rise of the rabbit model for implantation research. A commemoration of the scientific work of Bent G. Boving (1920–2019)
Authors: Denker Hans-Werner 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Bent G. Boving, a remarkable pioneer of research on mechanistic aspects of embryo implantation and specifically of using the rabbit model for this purpose, passed away peacefully on 15 November 2019, not long before he would have been able to celebrate his 100th birthday on 23 February 2020. His work has been very stimulating for other researchers, in part possibly because it elicited controversial discussions. This article attempts to give an overview of his scientific contributions, which still harbor some treasures, including potentially stimulating ideas for future research on implantation.
Demystifying a class of multiply robust estimators
Authors: Li Wei , Gu Yuwen , Liu Lan 
Published: March 2020

SummaryFor estimating the population mean of a response variable subject to ignorable missingness, a new class of methods, called multiply robust procedures, has been proposed. The advantage of multiply robust procedures over the traditional doubly robust methods is that they permit the use of multiple candidate models for both the propensity score and the outcome regression, and they are consistent if any one of the multiple models is correctly specified, a property termed multiple robustness. This paper shows that, somewhat surprisingly, multiply robust estimators are special cases of doubly robust estimators, where the final propensity score and outcome regression models are certain combinations of the candidate models. To further improve model specifications in the doubly robust estimators, we adapt a model mixing procedure as an alternative method for combining multiple candidate models. We show that multiple robustness and asymptotic normality can also be achieved by our mixing-based doubly robust estimator. Moreover, our estimator and its theoretical properties are not confined to parametric models. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed estimator is comparable to and can even outperform existing multiply robust estimators.
Molecular data reveal hidden diversity in the central Andean speciesWeberbauera spathulifolia(Thelypodieae: Brassicaceae)
Authors: Salariato Diego L , Trinidad Huber , Cano Asunción , Zuloaga Fernando O , Al-Shehbaz Ihsan A 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWeberbauera (Brassicaceae, tribe Thelypodieae) comprises 18 species distributed along the central Andes of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru. Of these species, W. spathulifolia has the largest geographical range in the genus, extending c. 3000 km along the Andean highlands from La Rioja Province in Argentina to Ancash Department in Peru. This species also shows the greatest morphological variation in the genus. However, whether this geographical and morphological variation represents one or more lineages remains unclear. In this study, we analyse W. spathulifolia across its entire distribution range using molecular, morphological and ecological data. Because there is no phylogenetic analysis for the genus, we generated a comprehensive molecular sampling using nuclear (ITS) and plastid (trnL-F and trnH-psbA) sequences for other Weberbauera spp. and representatives of South American Thelypodieae. Results support the presence of two different lineages within W. spathulifolia, one in the northern part of the species range and the other distributed across its southern and central range. In addition to the morphological differences and the allopatric distribution, these lineages also differ in their climatic niches. Therefore, we propose here to retain the northern lineage under W. spathulifolia and to treat the southern-central lineage under W. orophila, comb. nov. Phylogenetic placement of Weberbauera spp. among the South American Thelypodieae is also analysed and discussed. Results of this study contribute to understanding the biodiversity and evolution of the Andean Brassicaceae.
Arginine is a disease modifier for polyQ disease models that stabilizes polyQ protein conformation
Authors: Minakawa Eiko N , Popiel Helena Akiko , Tada Masayoshi , Takahashi Toshiaki , Yamane Hiroshi , Saitoh Yuji , Takahashi Yasuo , Ozawa Daisaku , Takeda Akiko , Takeuchi Toshihide , Okamoto Yuma , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Suzuki Mari , Fujita Hiromi , Ito Chiyomi , Yagihara Hiroko , Saito Yuko , Watase Kei , Adachi Hiroaki , Katsuno Masahisa , Mochizuki Hideki , Shiraki Kentaro , Sobue Gen , Toda Tatsushi , Wada Keiji , Onodera Osamu , Nagai Yoshitaka 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases that include Huntington’s disease, various spinocerebellar ataxias, spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, and dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy. They are caused by the abnormal expansion of a CAG repeat coding for the polyQ stretch in the causative gene of each disease. The expanded polyQ stretches trigger abnormal β-sheet conformational transition and oligomerization followed by aggregation of the polyQ proteins in the affected neurons, leading to neuronal toxicity and neurodegeneration. Disease-modifying therapies that attenuate both symptoms and molecular pathogenesis of polyQ diseases remain an unmet clinical need. Here we identified arginine, a chemical chaperone that facilitates proper protein folding, as a novel compound that targets the upstream processes of polyQ protein aggregation by stabilizing the polyQ protein conformation. We first screened representative chemical chaperones using an in vitro polyQ aggregation assay, and identified arginine as a potent polyQ aggregation inhibitor. Our in vitro and cellular assays revealed that arginine exerts its anti-aggregation property by inhibiting the toxic β-sheet conformational transition and oligomerization of polyQ proteins before the formation of insoluble aggregates. Arginine exhibited therapeutic effects on neurological symptoms and protein aggregation pathology in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, and two different mouse models of polyQ diseases. Arginine was also effective in a polyQ mouse model when administered after symptom onset. As arginine has been safely used for urea cycle defects and for mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acid and stroke syndrome patients, and efficiently crosses the blood–brain barrier, a drug-repositioning approach for arginine would enable prompt clinical application as a promising disease-modifier drug for the polyQ diseases.
Nogo receptor decoy promotes recovery and corticospinal growth in non-human primate spinal cord injury
Authors: Wang Xingxing , Zhou Tianna , Maynard George D , Terse Pramod S , Cafferty William B , Kocsis Jeffery D , Strittmatter Stephen M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
After CNS trauma such as spinal cord injury, the ability of surviving neural elements to sprout axons, reorganize neural networks and support recovery of function is severely restricted, contributing to chronic neurological deficits. Among limitations on neural recovery are myelin-associated inhibitors functioning as ligands for neuronal Nogo receptor 1 (NgR1). A soluble decoy (NgR1-Fc, AXER-204) blocks these ligands and provides a means to promote recovery of function in multiple preclinical rodent models of spinal cord injury. However, the safety and efficacy of this reagent in non-human primate spinal cord injury and its toxicological profile have not been described. Here, we provide evidence that chronic intrathecal and intravenous administration of NgR1-Fc to cynomolgus monkey and to rat are without evident toxicity at doses of 20 mg and greater every other day (≥2.0 mg/kg/day), and far greater than the projected human dose. Adult female African green monkeys underwent right C5/6 lateral hemisection with evidence of persistent disuse of the right forelimb during feeding and right hindlimb during locomotion. At 1 month post-injury, the animals were randomized to treatment with vehicle (n = 6) or 0.10–0.17 mg/kg/day of NgR1-Fc (n = 8) delivered via intrathecal lumbar catheter and osmotic minipump for 4 months. One animal was removed from the study because of surgical complications of the catheter, but no treatment-related adverse events were noted in either group. Animal behaviour was evaluated at 6–7 months post-injury, i.e. 1–2 months after treatment cessation. The use of the impaired forelimb during spontaneous feeding and the impaired hindlimb during locomotion were both significantly greater in the treatment group. Tissue collected at 7–12 months post-injury showed no significant differences in lesion size, fibrotic scar, gliosis or neuroinflammation between groups. Serotoninergic raphespinal fibres below the lesion showed no deficit, with equal density on the lesioned and intact side below the level of the injury in both groups. Corticospinal axons traced from biotin-dextran-amine injections in the left motor cortex were equally labelled across groups and reduced caudal to the injury. The NgR1-Fc group tissue exhibited a significant 2–3-fold increased corticospinal axon density in the cervical cord below the level of the injury relative to the vehicle group. The data show that NgR1-Fc does not have preclinical toxicological issues in healthy animals or safety concerns in spinal cord injury animals. Thus, it presents as a potential therapeutic for spinal cord injury with evidence for behavioural improvement and growth of injured pathways in non-human primate spinal cord injury.