bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiratory Virus Shedding in Exhaled Breath and Efficacy of Face Masks
Authors: Leung Nancy HL , Chu Daniel KW , Shiu Eunice YC , Chan Kwok-Hung , McDevitt James J , Hau Benien JP , Yen Hui-Ling , Li Yuguo , Ip Dennis KM , Peiris JS Malik , Seto Wing-Hong , Leung Gabriel M , Milton Donald K , Cowling Benjamin J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
There are few studies describing the presence of respiratory viruses in respiratory droplets and aerosols in the exhaled breath of infected persons, and the efficacy of facemasks as a source control to prevent respiratory virus transmission. Here, we recruited children and adults with acute respiratory illness and collected respiratory droplets and aerosols, with and without surgical facemasks. We identified human coronaviruses, influenza virus and rhinovirus from both respiratory droplets and aerosols. Surgical face masks reduced detection of coronavirus RNA in both respiratory droplets and aerosols, but only respiratory droplets and not aerosols for influenza virus RNA. Our results provide mechanistic evidence that surgical facemasks could prevent transmission of human coronavirus and influenza virus infections if worn by symptomatic individuals.Authors Donald K Milton and Benjamin J Cowling are joint senior authors.
Coping Skills and Burnout among Medical Officers in a Malaysian Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Ali Nur Faizah , Nasution Raduan Nor Jannah , Ismail Zaliha , Razali Salmi 
Published: March 2020

Burnout among doctors is hazardous, leading to stress which results in poor decision making and exposure to medical errors. This study aims to improve the knowledge gap of the issues of burnout and coping skills among medical officers. This study is a cross-sectional study involving 250 medical officers using universal sampling. Of the total 250 participants, 63 (25.2%) were burnout. The presence of burnout was significantly associated with dysfunctional coping skills (t=-4.96; p <0.001). Burnout is prevalent among medical officers. It is vital to take actions that can promote good mental health in the form of coping skills and resilience training.
FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF CURCUMIN SOLID DISPERSION PELLETS FOR IMPROVED SOLUBILITY
Authors: DESHKAR SANJEEVANI , SATPUTE ARUN 
Published: March 2020

Objective: The present study was aimed at designing of solid dispersion based pellets of curcumin (Cu) for improving its solubility.
Methods: Solid dispersion (SD) of Cu was prepared by the melt method using Poloxamer 407 (Pol 407) at a different weight ratio of Cu-Pol 407 (1:2, 1:3, 1:5, 1:7, 1:10). The solid dispersion was characterised by FTIR, SEM, DSC, XRD and evaluated for saturation solubility in water, drug content and in vitro dissolution. The pellets of Cu solid dispersion were prepared by extrusion spheronization technique and optimization was performed by 32full factorial design. The pellets were evaluated for size distribution, flow properties, hardness, disintegration and in vitro drug dissolution.
Results: From the phase solubility analysis, Pol 407 was selected as a Solid dispersion carrier. The formation of Cu-SD by melt method using Pol 407, was confirmed from FTIR and DSC studies. XRD studies indicated a change of Cu from crystalline to amorphous form. There was a significant increase of Cu when formulated as SD compared to plain Cu. The optimization of extrusion spheronization process revealed the significant effect of Cu-Pol 407 ratio (p<0.0001) on in vitro dissolution of pellets. Higher Cu dissolution was obtained with Cu-SD pellets compared to plain Cu pellets.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the potential of Cu-SD pellets in improving the solubility of poorly soluble Cu.
OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITOSAN-BASED NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING METHYLPREDNISOLONE USING BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGN FOR THE TREATMENT OF CROHN’S DISEASE
Authors: SHARMA GANESH N. , KUMAR C. H. PRAVEEN , SHRIVASTAVA BIRENDRA , B. KUMAR  
Published: March 2020

Objective: The present research was designed to produce methylprednisolone containing chitosan-based nanoparticles using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for optimization.
Methods: Nanostructures were prepared using the ionic gelation method with screened process parameters. According to the design, methylprednisolone chitosan-based nanoparticles (MCSNPs) were optimized using factors like methylprednisolone concentration, stirring speed and temperature whereas particle size, zeta potential and % encapsulation efficiency as responses. From the observed values of responses with confirmation location and desirability, the predicted values were very close to the observed values.
Results: Observed values for the optimized formulation have a particle size of 243±2.33 nm with an encapsulation efficiency of 79.3±7.2%. Morphology of the particles using scanning electron microscopy reveals nearly spherical shaped particles. Methylprednisolone was released in vitro in a sustained manner for about 24 h in simulated colonic fluid pH 7, pH 7.8 (Fasted state) and phosphate buffer pH 7.4, when compared to simulated colonic fluid at pH 6 (Fed state). Optimized MCSNPs followed Korsmeyer peppas kinetics with drug release mechanism as anomalous transport.
Conclusion: Application of Box-Behnken design and Response Surface Methodology using Design Expert software was successfully used in the optimization of methylprednisolone loaded chitosan-based nanoparticles with high encapsulation efficiency.
EQUIVALENCE STUDY OF IMMEDIATE RELEASE TABLETS OF BETA BLOCKER DRUG
Authors: GABER DALIA , ABDOUN SIHAM , MASWADEH HAMZAH , ALNASSR EBTIHAL , SALAMAH MARAM AL 
Published: March 2020

Objective: The therapeutic equivalence of generic brands is a great challenge for manufacturers. This study aimed to evaluate the bioequivalence of four different generic brands of atenolol tablets under biowaiver conditions.
Methods: Physiochemical properties of the tablet products namely uniformity of weight, hardness, disintegration, and drug content were assessed. The dissolution profiles of atenolol tablets were conducted in pH 1.2, 4.5, 6.8 and 7.6 buffers using USP dissolution apparatus II. Similarity and difference factors were calculated. Finally, four kinetic models have been offered to describe the release characteristics of atenolol under experiment conditions.
Results: All tablets showed accepted physiochemical characters. Dissolution profiles revealed that G2 showed the highest similarity to innovator (f2 91.86) in pH 7.6. Dissolution kinetics of G2 at the same pH could be best described as Higuchi model of release.
Conclusion: The study showed that excipients and manufacturing practices play an important role in marketing biowaiver generic products meet the international regulatory bodies criteria.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANCHOVY (STOLEPHORUS SP) PROTEIN CONCENTRATE NANOPARTICLE USING IONIC GELATION METHOD
Authors: SAPIUN ZULFIAYU , IMRAN ARLAN K. , WICITA PRISCA SAFRIANI , KAMBA VYANI , SLAMET NANGSIH SULASTRI 
Published: March 2020

Objective: Nanoparticle preparation can increase the bioavailability of anchovy protein. This study aims to optimize and characterize anchovy protein concentrate nanoparticle based on volume comparison of chitosan-TPP (Tripolyphosphate) matrix in forming the size of anchovy protein concentrate nanoparticle with ionic gelation method.
Methods: Fresh anchovy was extracted by an acid-base method using solvents of NaOH and HCl to get protein concentrate. After that, it was conducted by formulating anchovy protein concentrate into a mixture of chitosan-TPP matrix with volume ratio which was divided into 5 series of variations, namely F1 without matrix, F2 1:1, F3 1:3, F4 1:5 and F5 1:7 ratio of chitosan to TPP, then formed matrix was determined the value of the encapsulation efficiency and characterized using a particle size analysis tool.
Results: The results showed that the optimum volume comparison of the chitosan-TPP matrix in forming nanoparticle of anchovy protein concentrate was ratio 1:7 because this has a matrix encapsulation efficiency value of 99.11%, a small particle concentrate size of 687.26 nm, a good polydispersity index value of 0.406 and a value of zeta potential of+12.9 mV.
Conclusion: The optimum formula of the chitosan-TPP matrix volume ratio in forming anchovy protein concentrate nanoparticle is F5 with the ratio of chitosan-TPP matrix mixture 1:7.
PREPARATION OF ORAL CURCUMIN DELIVERY FROM 3D-NANO-CELLULOSE NETWORKS MATERIAL PRODUCED BY ACETOBACTER XYLINUM USING OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: NGUYEN THANH XUAN , PHAM HUONG LAN THI , NGO THUONG THI , ONG PHONG XUAN 
Published: March 2020

Objective: To prepare oral curcumin delivery and optimize curcumin loading of 3D-nano-cellulose networks material (3DCM) by looking into the impact of process variables on the response utilizing response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design.
Methods: Optimization of curcumin loading of 3DCM was conducted using RSM and Box-Behnken model. Impact of four independent variables, including, the concentration of curcumin (X1), temperature (X2), shaking speed (X3), and time of loading (X4), was studied on one dependent response, that is, an amount of loaded curcumin (Y). Characterization of optimized 3DCM including curcumin was examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis .
Results: R2 value for Y was approximately 0.94. X1 possessed the biggest positive impact compared to X2, X3 and X4. Optimized conditions for curcumin loading of 3DCM were X1 at 3 mg/ml, X2 at 40 °C, X3 at 120 rpm and X4 at 120 min. SEM photograph of 3DCM surfaces were found including fibers creating a 3D network structure. FTIR spectra studies depicted that there was no interaction between curcumin and 3DCM.
Conclusion: The data obtained in this study thus suggest that curcumin loaded 3DCM was successfully fabricated to give a potential oral delivery system of curcumin.
ASCORBIС ACID DEGRADATION IN N, N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE SOLUTIONS
Authors: SYROESHKIN A. V. , PLETENEVA T. V. , USPENSKAYA E. V. , SAYDINOV I. I. , LEVITSKAYA O. V. , ELIZAROVA T. E. , TRIBOT-LASPIERE M. A. , ODNOVOROV A. I. 
Published: March 2020

Objective: Investigate the mechanisms of L-ascorbic acid transforтmation and formation of coloured enamines in N, N-dimethyl-formamide solutions.
Methods: An automatic polarimeter Atago POL-1/2 was used for polarimetric investigation. Electronic spectra were recorded by UV-spectrometer Cary 60 (Agilent). The statistical analysis was carried out using the OriginPro 9.1 packages.
Results: The Biot’s law violation was found in below 0.1% solutions of L-ascorbic acid (AA) in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). During the day, the specific rotation of 1% AA solution varied from+37 to-1.0. Gradually, the solution acquired the red colour, and its intensity depended on the AA concentration. Spectrophotometrically, it was shown that after 15 min AA was absent in the n·10-3% solutions. The decomposition followed the first-order kinetics (k1=1.83·10-2с-1). At the same time, new absorption bands appeared at 273, 390, 533 nm. Model solutions containing dimethylamine (DMA) had a similar spectrum, and the intensity of the absorption bands increased in proportion to the concentration of DMA.
Conclusion: The results show that the first step in the decomposition of ascorbic acid AA in DMF follows first-order kinetics. Numerous decomposition products are optically active compounds and reverse the sign of the optical rotation of the solution. The water resulting from the decomposition of AA is involved in the hydrolysis of the solvent. The hydrolysis product, the secondary amine DMA, interacts with the carbonyl groups of the AA decomposition products to form coloured enamines. Magnesium (II) accelerates the formation of coloured products.
ZOLMITRIPTAN BRAIN TARGETING VIA INTRANASAL ROUTE USING SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES FOR MIGRAINE THERAPY: FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION, IN-VITRO AND IN-VIVO ASSESSMENT
Authors: MOSTAFA DALIA A. ELATY , KHALIFA MAHA K. A. , GAD SAMEH. S. 
Published: March 2020

Objective: Zolmitriptan, a class of antidepressant drugs with poor bioavailability due to its first-pass metabolism. The aim of this study was to improve systemic bioavailability and explore the brain targeting impact of nasal Zolmitriptan (Zol) solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) gel for migraine treatment.
Methods: Stearic acid and cholesterol used as solid lipid and lecithin as a surfactant, emulsion solvent evaporation technique was used to produce Zolmitriptan SLNs. (Zol) SLNs were characterized for particle size, percent entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release. Formula S6 showed greater percent entrapment efficiency (PEE), adequate particle size and sustained drug release behavior. Formula S6 was integrated into HPMC gel (3%) to prepare nasal gel. Zol SLN nasal gel was subjected to histopathological study to ensure brain targeting.
Results: It was observed that all prepared Zol SLNs were in the nano-sized range with a polydispersity index of<0.5. In the cholesterol/lecithin combination, higher PEE%, better stability, and less agglomeration inclination were discovered. Results of the release profiles showed that developed Zol-SLNs were able to release Zolmitriptan in a sustained manner. Histopathological study of the brain tissues showed that Zolmitriptan SLN nasal gel can reach brain cells and localized for 24 h although the hydrophobicity of the target drug.
Conclusion: Intranasal administration of Solid lipid nanostructure of Zolmitriptan through the olfactory pathway in which it travels from the nasal cavity to brain tissue achieved drug targeting potential of about 90% compared with conventional Zolmitriptan tablets. The small particle size helped them to squeeze themselves through the small opening in the olfactory neurons to the brain via different endo-cystic pathways of neuronal cells in nasal tissue membranes.
Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación como medio educativo para la adquisición de competencias profesionales del alumnado de educación superior
Authors: Herrero Rafaela , Marín Verónica , González Ignacio 
Published: March 2020

El artículo que se presenta es una investigación educativa sobre la adquisición decompetencias profesionales a través de estrategias metodológicas basadas en tecnologíasde la información y la comunicación (TIC) en el marco del Espacio Europeo deEducación Superior (EEES). El escenario de estudio elegido fue la experiencia piloto implantada en el Centro de Magisterio "Sagrado Corazón" con el alumnado universitariode la especialidad de Educación Primaria.El propósito de esta investigación ha sido dar respuesta a los siguientes interrogantes: ¿Las metodologías basadas en TIC mejoran el aprendizaje y favorecen la adquisición de competencias profesionales del alumnado?; ¿Qué mejoras representan en el aprendizaje del alumnado, la incorporación de sistemas metodológicos basados en TIC, para la adquisición de competencias profesionales?
Lectura de artista. El caso de la Facultad de Artes de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
Authors: Borioli Gloria , Scarafía Silvia , Fantino Ivana , Peralta Bethania , Utrera Marcelo 
Published: March 2020

En un texto que cruza el ensayo y el informe de investigación y abrevando en dos fuentes -el proyecto Jóvenes y discursos. Los sujetos dicen de sí, dirigido por la Mgter. Gloria Borioli (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba) y el Programa de Apoyo yMejora del Grado en la Facultad de Artes de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-, el artículo enlaza voces de estudiantes y profesores de Cine y T.V., Artes Visuales, Teatro y Música, para advertir en la práctica lectora pistas que permitan revisar las propuestas didácticas. Así, las conclusiones provisionales de un sondeo cualicuantitativo que retoma investigaciones académicas (Bidiña & Zerillo, 2013; Brito, 2010; Colomer, 1997; y otros) dialogan con insumos procedentes de la novela (Baricco, 2005), del psicoanálisis (Cantú, 2004) y de la sociología de la lectura (Chartier, 2001; Manguel, 2005) para pensar cuál es el lugar de las prácticas de lectura en la formación de grado.
The Influencing Factors on Taxpayer Compliance: A Conceptual Approach
Authors: Aswar Khoirul 
Published: March 2020

Starting from the assumption that the problem of taxpayer compliance is important issues throughout the world, both in developed countries or in developing countries because if the taxpayer does not comply, it will cause the desire to do so acts of avoidance, evasion and tax neglect. this research seeks to find out to what extent taxpayers registered with SAMSAT Bekasi City fulfill Motorized vehicle tax liability. Drawing from institutional theory, this study has six objectives: (i) to find out the application of understanding of regulations taxation of taxpayer compliance, (ii) to determine the application of sanctions tax on taxpayer compliance, (iii) to determine the application of the tax rate to taxpayer compliance, (iv) to determine the effect of the application of preferences risks to taxpayer compliance. Therefore, this research contributes to the development of science knowledge and is expected to apply the theory that has been obtained specifically regarding the influence of understanding of tax regulations, tax sanctions and the tax rate for taxpayer compliance, which is moderated by risk preferences.
Vastuullinen toiminnanohjausjärjestelmän kehittäminen kotihoidossa
Authors: Miettinen Janika Jasmiina , Mäkinen Markus , Leikas Jaana , Jutila Tuula , Veko Tiia 
Published: March 2020

Suomen tämän hetkinen strateginen tavoite on lisätä ikääntyneiden kotona asumista ja vähentää laitoshoidon määrää, mikä tarkoittaa lisääntyvää tarvetta kotihoidon palveluille. Samanaikaisesti hoito- ja hoivapalveluita tarvitsevien ikääntyvien määrä kasvaa suhteessa työikäisen väestön määrään ja kotihoidon asiakkaiksi ohjautuu yhä huonokuntoisempia ikäihmisiä. Kotihoidossa käytettävissä oleva työvoima tulee pystyä kohdentamaan tehokkaasti ja järkevästi asiakastarpeen mukaan, jotta laatua ja vaikuttavuutta voidaan ylläpitää. Toiminnanohjausjärjestelmistä on haettu ratkaisua henkilöstöresurssien optimointiin.
Toiminnanohjausjärjestelmän käyttöönottoa arvioiva tutkimus toteutettiin Pirkkalan kunnan kotihoito-organisaatiossa. Projektin tavoitteena oli sujuvoittaa toiminnanohjausjärjestelmän käyttöönottoa kotihoidossa, pohtia toiminnanohjausjärjestelmän tarjoamien eri optimointivaihtoehtojen toimivuutta sekä saada toiminnanohjausjärjestelmä palvelemaan organisaatiota kokonaisuudessaan mahdollisimman hyvin. Tutkimuksen aineisto muodostui kotihoitajien työpäivien seurannasta, tiiminvetäjien haastattelusta, optimointityöpajasta ja esimiesten työpajoista.
Tarkastellun kotihoito-organisaation toiminnanohjausjärjestelmän ensisijaisena tavoitteena on kohdentaa kotihoidon henkilöstöresurssit vastaamaan ikäihmisten tarpeita tehokkaasti, laadukkaasti ja vastuullisuustekijät huomioiden. Toiminnanohjausjärjestelmän käyttöä tukevat ja heti käyttöön otettavissa olevat suositukset ovat:

Käyntien aikakriittisyyden tiukka arviointi sekä aikariittisten käyntien ajankohtien ja käynneille asetettujen aikavälien tarkistaminen;
Työajan ylittyminen -vaihtoehdon salliminen optimoinnissa;
Mahdollisimman suuren asiakas- ja hoitajajoukon yhtäaikainen optimointi ja
Omahoitajuuden huomioiminen laadun tekijänä.

Toiminnanohjausjärjestelmän tulisi olla järjestelmäkehittäjän toimesta räätälöitävissä yksilöllisten asiakastarpeiden mukaiseksi. Integroituvuus muiden järjestelmien kanssa on oleellinen tekijä tehokkaan ja toimivan kokonaisuuden saavuttamiseksi. Myös tarve joustavalle toiminnanohjausjärjestelmän jatkokehitykselle toimintaympäristön, osaamisen ja tavoitteiden muuttuessa tulisi huomioida. Näiden vaatimusten lisäksi toiminnan mittaaminen ainakin kustannusten, henkilöstön hyvinvoinnin ja palvelun laadun näkökulmista tulisi huomioida tietoon pohjautuvan toiminnanohjausjärjestelmän suunnittelussa.
Toiminnanohjausjärjestelmän käyttöönotto on yksi keino kotihoidon toiminnan kehittämiselle, mutta se ei yksinään riitä turvaamaan kotihoidon vastuullista kehittämistä. Johtamisen perusajatuksena tulisikin olla, miten tarjottavien palveluiden laatu ja toiminnan eettisyys voidaan turvata kasvavien resurssipaineiden alla.
Sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon tiedonhallinnan ja palvelumuotoilun osaaminen – ammattikorkeakouluopettajien näkemys yhteisestä osaamissisällöstä
Authors: Ahonen Outi Maria , Kinnunen Ulla-Mari , Saranto Kaija 
Published: March 2020

Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kartoittaa opettajien näkemyksiä ammattikorkeakouluopiskelijoiden osaamisen kuvaamiseen kehitettävästä arviointimittarista sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon sähköisten palvelujen kehittämiseen. Tutkimuksessa arvioitiin aikaisemmin kehitettyä ammattikorkeakouluopiskelijan osaamisen arviointimittaria, joka perustui kansainväliseen sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon tiedonhallinnan opetussuunnitelmaan ja palvelumuotoilun osaamiskuvauksiin eurooppalaisen tutkintojen viitekehyksen (EQF) tasolla kuusi. Tässä tutkimuksessa etsittiin vastauksia siihen, miten tärkeäksi ja sovellettaviksi opettajat kokevat osaamista kuvaavat sisällöt monialaisessa korkea-asteen koulutuksessa.
Delphi-asiantuntijaryhmään osallistui kansallisen hankkeen monialainen opettajaryhmä (N = 73) kolmessa vaiheessa (n = 23, 25, 20). Opettajat arvioivat kyseisen asiasisällön opettamisen tärkeyttä ja osaamislauseen soveltuvuutta opiskelijan asiasisällön hallinnan arviointiin. Arviointi tapahtui neliportaisella Likert-asteikolla (ei tärkeä – tärkeä ja ei soveltuva – soveltuva). Osaamislauseista laskettiin mittarin sisällön luotettavuusindeksi (S-CVI/Ave) ja osaamislausekohtaiset sisällönluotettavuusindeksit (I-CVI), joiden hyväksymisrajaksi määriteltiin 0,80. Arvioinnin jälkeen muodostui 40 osaamislausetta kuvaamaan opiskelijoiden tarvitsemaa yhteistä osaamista sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon sähköisten palveluiden kehittämisessä ja käyttämisessä. Tulokset osoittavat, että opettajat eivät vaadi EQF-osaamistasoa kuusi tässä tutkimuksessa monialaiseksi määritetyllä osaamisalueella. Tutkimus vahvistaa kansainvälisen opetussuunnitelmasuosituksen käsitystä, että eri alojen opettajat ja opiskelijat tarvitsevat yhteistä osaamista sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon sähköisten palvelujen kehittämiseen alueella.