bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Directivity analysis of the 2017 December Kerman earthquakes in Eastern Iran
Authors: Amini Samar , Roberts Roland , Lund Bjorn 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUsing an empirical Green’s function (EGF) approach and data from local to regional distances we analyzed rupture propagation directivity in the three mainshocks (ML 6.0–6.1) and in six of the largest aftershocks (ML 5.0 – 5.5) of the 2017 Kerman, Iran, seismic sequence. The EGF procedure was based on data from smaller events (ML 4.0 – 4.8). Deconvolution was applied separately to P and S phases. Using the P-wave data, we calculated relative source-time functions and examined azimuthal variations in rupture duration. In the S-wave analysis, we investigated along strike rupture directivity of the mainshocks and the largest aftershocks by evaluating azimuthal variation of the amplitude spectra. Two of the mainshocks and four of the aftershocks clearly showed rupture propagation from the south-east toward the north-west. The third mainshock and one of the aftershocks suggested almost bilateral rupture propagation, and one aftershock showed rupture directivity to the southeast. It seems that the rupture propagation direction in the area is generally to the north-west and the events which have different propagation directions are located within the NW and SE ends of the faulting area. We suggest that the general rupture propagation direction in the area is steered by regional tectonic stress field regarding the faulting orientations which have been affected by stress redistribution around a restraining bend.
Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons Contain a Transcriptional Network
Authors: Hicks David A. , Jones Alys C. , Corbett Nicola J. , Fisher Kate , Pickering-Brown Stuart M. , Ashe Mark P. , Hooper Nigel M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHealthy brain function is mediated by several complementary signalling pathways, many of which are driven by extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are heterogeneous in both size and cargo and are constitutively released from cells into the extracellular milieu. They are subsequently trafficked to recipient cells, whereupon their entry can modify the cellular phenotype. Here, in order to further analyse the mRNA and protein cargo of neuronal EVs, we isolated EVs by size exclusion chromatography from human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons. Electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering revealed that the isolated EVs had a diameter of 30–100 nm. Transcriptomic and proteomics analyses of the EVs and neurons identified key molecules enriched in the EVs involved in cell surface interaction (integrins and collagens), internalisation pathways (clathrin- and caveolin-dependent), downstream signalling pathways (phospholipases, integrin-linked kinase and MAPKs), and long-term impacts on cellular development and maintenance. Overall, we show that key signalling networks and mechanisms are enriched in EVs isolated from human iPSC-derived neurons.
Loss and Damage and limits to adaptation: recent IPCC insights and implications for climate science and policy
Authors: Mechler R. , Singh C. , Ebi K. , Djalante R. , Thomas A. , James R. , Tschakert P. , Wewerinke-Singh M. , Schinko T. , Ley D. , Nalau J. , Bouwer L. M. , Huggel C. , Huq S. , Linnerooth-Bayer J. , Surminski S. , Pinho P. , Jones R. , Boyd E. , Revi A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecent evidence shows that climate change is leading to irreversible and existential impacts on vulnerable communities and countries across the globe. Among other effects, this has given rise to public debate and engagement around notions of climate crisis and emergency. The Loss and Damage (L&D) policy debate has emphasized these aspects over the last three decades. Yet, despite institutionalization through an article on L&D by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in the Paris Agreement, the debate has remained vague, particularly with reference to its remit and relationship to adaptation policy and practice. Research has recently made important strides forward in terms of developing a science perspective on L&D. This article reviews insights derived from recent publications by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and others, and presents the implications for science and policy. Emerging evidence on hard and soft adaptation limits in certain systems, sectors and regions holds the potential to further build momentum for climate policy to live up to the Paris ambition of stringent emission reductions and to increase efforts to support the most vulnerable. L&D policy may want to consider actions to extend soft adaptation limits and spur transformational, that is, non-standard risk management and adaptation, so that limits are not breached. Financial, technical, and legal support would be appropriate for instances where hard limits are transgressed. Research is well positioned to further develop robust evidence on critical and relevant risks at scale in the most vulnerable countries and communities, as well as options to reduce barriers and limits to adaptation.
The first evaluation of a Mobile application to encourage social participation for community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Jansen-Kosterink S. M. , Bergsma J. , Francissen A. , Naafs A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBoth loneliness and social isolation are linked to numerous negative health outcomes and there is no one-size-fits-all solution to reduce that loneliness and social isolation. Therefore, a new social technology (mobile application) which encourages social participation for community-dwelling older adults was developed and deployed. The objective of this study was to assess the usability, end-user experience, and potential added value of this mobile application among community-dwelling older adults. After recruitment and after the weeks of use participants were asked to complete a range of questionnaires, and log-data was gathered to provide information on actual use. Of the 91 older adults who started using the mobile application 41 (80% female, age 73.4 years (SD 7.8)) were willing to participate in this study. On average the application was used for 11 weeks. The usability was acceptable (SUS score of 65.3 (SD18.0)) and 59% of the participants were willing to continue using the application. To conclude, the mobile application to encourage social participation was accepted by community-dwelling older adults and the measured change in quality of life was positive and clinically meaningful. After improving the technology a next step is to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.
Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Neural Progenitor Cells––a Preclinical Evaluation for Stroke Treatment in Mice
Authors: Zheng X. , Zhang L. , Kuang Y. , Venkataramani V. , Jin F. , Hein K. , Zafeiriou M. P. , Lenz C. , Moebius W. , Kilic E. , Hermann D. M. , Weber M. S. , Urlaub H. , Zimmermann W.-H. , Bähr M. , Doeppner Thorsten R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enhance neurological recovery in preclinical stroke models by secreting extracellular vesicles (EVs). Since previous reports have focused on the application of MSC-EVs only, the role of the most suitable host cell for EV enrichment and preclinical stroke treatment remains elusive. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of EVs derived from neural progenitor cells (NPCs) following experimental stroke. Using the PEG technique, EVs were enriched and characterized by electron microscopy, proteomics, rt-PCR, nanosight tracking analysis, and Western blotting. Different dosages of NPC-EVs displaying a characteristic profile in size, shape, cargo protein, and non-coding RNA contents were incubated in the presence of cerebral organoids exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), significantly reducing cell injury when compared with control organoids. Systemic administration of NPC-EVs in male C57BL6 mice following experimental ischemia enhanced neurological recovery and neuroregeneration for as long as 3 months. Interestingly, the therapeutic impact of such NPC-EVs was found to be not inferior to MSC-EVs. Flow cytometric analyses of blood and brain samples 7 days post-stroke demonstrated increased blood concentrations of B and T lymphocytes after NPC-EV delivery, without affecting cerebral cell counts. Likewise, a biodistribution analysis after systemic delivery of NPC-EVs revealed the majority of NPC-EVs to be found in extracranial organs such as the liver and the lung. This proof-of-concept study supports the idea of EVs being a general concept of stem cell–induced neuroprotection under stroke conditions, where EVs contribute to reverting the peripheral post-stroke immunosuppression.
“Touching” services: tangible objects create an emotional connection to services even before their first use
Authors: Nägele Nora , von Walter Benjamin , Scharfenberger Philipp , Wentzel Daniel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough research suggests that physical elements of the servicescape play an important role in the service process, there is little research on the impact of tangible objects that companies give to consumers such as membership cards, pens, mugs, or fashion articles. Drawing on research about embodied cognition, this paper investigates how and under which conditions the provision of tangible service objects affects consumers. Three experimental studies were conducted, in which participants received different objects they could either touch or just see. These studies indicate that touching a service object metaphorically translates into a perceived mental connection towards the service. More specifically, physically connecting to a service object leads to a stronger psychological connection to the corresponding service, which, in turn, increases behavioral intentions. The results also demonstrate that providing a tangible object only has an impact when the object is of high aesthetic appeal. These findings suggest that providing tangible service objects is an effective way for service providers to build an emotional connection with potential customers and to strengthen the emotional connections of existing customers.
Cowardice and Military Security: Some Heuristic Reflections
Authors: Vasilache Andreas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhile cowardice is sanctioned by military law in most countries, the impact of cowardice on modern warfare and security politics is low. This might be the reason why cowardice—as notion, phenomenon, and topic—has widely been neglected in security studies. However, for quite some time, we have witnessed a revival of the word as an accusation and pejorative term that is frequently applied by Western government representatives to describe the enemy in armed conflicts. The expression of a “cowardly attack” has become quite common in political communication after attacks against Western forces in violent confrontations. Thereby, cowardice is transformed from a possible weakness of the own forces to a particular strength of the enemy. This article aims at presenting some reflections on the notion, meaning, and functional role of cowardice in situations of violent international conflict, as well as on the use of the term as a speech act in recent governmental security communication. A particular focus will be put on the normative implications of the revival of the governmental cowardice-rhetoric.
Do direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) cause delayed surgery, longer length of hospital stay, and poorer outcome for hip fracture patients?
Authors: Leer-Salvesen Sunniva , Dybvik Eva , Ranhoff Anette H. , Husebø Bjørn Liljestrand , Dahl Ola E. , Engesæter Lars B. , Gjertsen Jan-Erik 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The perioperative consequences of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in hip fracture patients are not sufficiently investigated. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether DOAC-users have delayed surgery compared to non-users. Secondarily, we studied whether length of hospital stay, mortality, reoperations and bleeding complications were influenced by the use of DOAC.

Methods
The medical records of 314 patients operated for a hip fracture between 2016 and 2017 in a single trauma center were assessed. Patients aged < 60 and patients using other forms of anticoagulation than DOACs were excluded. Patients were followed from admission to 6 months postoperatively. Surgical delay was defined as time from admission to surgery. Secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay, transfusion rates, perioperative bleeding loss, postoperative wound ooze, mortality and risk of reoperation. The use of general versus neuraxial anaesthesia was registered. Continuous outcomes were analysed using Students t test, while categorical outcomes were expressed by Odds ratios.

Results
47 hip fracture patients (15%) were using DOACs. No difference in surgical delay (29 vs 26 h, p = 0.26) or length of hospital stay (6.6 vs 6.1 days, p = 0.34) were found between DOAC-users and non-users. DOAC-users operated with neuraxial anaesthesia had longer surgical delay compared to DOAC-users operated with general anaesthesia (35 h vs 22 h, p < 0.001). Perioperative blood loss, transfusion rate, risk of bleeding complications and mortality were similar between groups.

Conclusion
Hip fracture patients using DOAC did not have increased surgical delay, length of stay or risk of reported bleeding complications than patients without anticoagulation prior to surgery. The increased surgical delay found for DOAC-users operated with neuraxial anaesthesia should be interpreted with caution.
Ein Feld in Bewegung: Friedens- und Konfliktforschung in herausfordernden Zeiten
Authors: Niemann Holger , Schröder Ursula 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungWie kann die Friedens- und Konfliktforschung eine orientierende Funktion für den Umgang mit zunehmend komplexen und dynamischen Herausforderungen übernehmen? Der Wissenschaftsrat betont in seiner Evaluation des Felds, dass die Friedens- und Konfliktforschung wichtige Beiträge zur Bearbeitung aktueller gesellschaftlicher und politischer Herausforderungen leistet und der Bedarf an Expertise aus der Friedens- und Konfliktforschung zunehmen wird. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert aus der Perspektive der außeruniversitären Einrichtungen der Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, wie das Feld diese Funktion angesichts wachsender Herausforderungen ausüben kann. Hierzu beschreibt der Beitrag zunächst die Rolle außeruniversitärer Forschungseinrichtungen in einem komplementär strukturierten wissenschaftlichen Feld. Im zweiten Teil diskutieren wir, an welchen Stellen die Forschungsergebnisse der außeruniversitären Einrichtungen wichtige Impulse im Umgang mit neuen Herausforderungen setzen können. Wir argumentieren, dass es gilt, multiperspektivische Forschungszugänge zu stärken, Orientierungswissen für die gesellschaftliche und politische Praxis bereitzustellen und normative Positionen aufzuzeigen, um die orientierende Funktion der Friedens- und Konfliktforschung auch zukünftig zu erhalten und weiterzuentwickeln.
What Are the Key Drivers Controlling the Quality of Seasonal Streamflow Forecasts?
Authors: Pechlivanidis I. G. , Crochemore L. , Rosberg J. , Bosshard T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecent technological advances in representation of processes in numerical climate models have led to skillful predictions, which can consequently increase the confidence of hydrological predictions and usability of hydroclimatic services. Given that many water‐related stakeholders are affected by seasonal hydrological variations, there is a need to manage such variations to their advantage through better understanding of the drivers that influence hydrological predictability. Here we analyze the seasonal forecasts of streamflow volumes across about 35,400 basins in Europe, which lie along a strong gradient in terms of climatology, scale, and hydrological regime. We then link the seasonal volumetric errors to various physiographic‐hydroclimatic descriptors and meteorological biases in order to identify the key drivers controlling predictability. Streamflow volumes over Europe are well predicted, yet with some geographic and seasonal variability; however, the predictability deteriorates with increasing lead time particularly in the winter months. Nevertheless, we show that the forecast quality is well correlated to a set of descriptors, which vary depending on the initialization month. The forecast quality of seasonal streamflow volumes is strongly dependent on the basin's hydrological regime, with limited predictability in relatively flashy basins. On the contrary, snow and/or baseflow dominated regions with long recessions show high streamflow predictability. Finally, climatology and precipitation forecast biases are also related to streamflow predictability, highlighting the importance of developing robust bias adjustment methods. Overall, this investigation shows that the seasonal streamflow predictability can be clustered, and hence regionalized, based on a priori knowledge of local hydroclimatic conditions.
MdMYB6 regulates anthocyanin formation in apple both through direct inhibition of the biosynthesis pathway and through substrate removal
Authors: Xu Haifeng , Zou Qi , Yang Guanxian , Jiang Shenghui , Fang Hongcheng , Wang Yicheng , Zhang Jing , Zhang Zongying , Wang Nan , Chen Xuesen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAnthocyanin biosynthesis and sugar metabolism are important processes during plant growth, but the molecular interactions underlying these pathways are still unclear. In this work, we analyzed the anthocyanin and soluble sugar contents, as well as the transcript levels of transcription factors that are known to be related to the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in ‘Hongcui 1’ apple flesh during fruit development. Overexpression of MdMYB6 in red-fleshed calli was found to reduce anthocyanin content and result in downregulated expression of the MdANS and MdGSTF12 proteins. Yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift analyses showed that MdMYB6 could directly bind to the promoters of MdANS and MdGSTF12, indicating that MdMYB6 could inhibit anthocyanin biosynthesis by regulating MdANS and MdGSTF12. Overexpression of MdTMT1 in the Arabidopsis tmt1 mutant restored the glucose and fructose contents to the wild-type levels, while overexpression of MdTMT1 in red-fleshed calli increased the contents of glucose and fructose but reduced the contents of UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, and anthocyanin. Using a GUS reporter system, yeast one-hybrid, chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR and electrophoretic mobility shift analyses, we found that MdMYB6 could bind to the promoter of MdTMT1, resulting in increased promoter activity. Overexpression of MdMYB6 in calli overexpressing MdTMT1 increased the expression of MdTMT1, which led to reduced contents of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose and decreased anthocyanin content compared to those of the calli that overexpressed MdTMT1. This finding suggested that MdMYB6 could also inhibit anthocyanin biosynthesis by regulating MdTMT1 to decrease the contents of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose. Taken together, these results showed that MdMYB6 and MdTMT1 play key roles in both anthocyanin biosynthesis and sugar transport.
Gambling Problems in Patients with Psychotic Disorders in Rural Greece
Authors: Peritogiannis Vaios , Gioti Panagiota , Gogou Afroditi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere is a dearth of studies on gambling problems in patients with psychotic disorders. A retrospective chart review of treatment-engaged rural patients was performed. From a total of 79 patients that were included in the study, 6 had a history of gambling problems, whereas the 1-year prevalence was 5%. Most were male and they underreported their problems. The results of the study correspond to other studies that used more rigorous methodology. Gambling problems in psychotic patients in rural Greece are not uncommon. Such problems can be traced by gathering information from all those who are involved in patients’ care.
Endoscopic Intraventricular Atrial Adhesiolysis for the Treatment of Entrapped Temporal Horn after İntraventricular Tumor Surgery
Authors: Abuzayed Bashar , Alawneh Khaled , Al Qawasmeh Majdi , Raffee Liqaa 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A 21-year-old male patient was operated for third ventricle tumor (central neurocytoma) and showed improvement in the early postoperative period. After 2 weeks of surgery, the patient neurologic status deteriorated with acute decreased level of consciousness. Neuroimaging of the brain revealed entrapped left temporo-occipital horns with adhesion bands at the level of the atrium. Patient was operated with neuronavigation-guided endoscopic approach to the left atrium through the left posterior parietal region. Band adhesiolysis was performed with no complications. The patient showed fast improvement, and follow-up brain magnetic resonance imaging after 2 years showed the release of the ventricular entrapment with significant regression of the left ventricle size.
Predictors of Postthrombolysis Outcome and Symptomatic Postthrombolysis Hemorrhage following Intravenous Thrombolysis with Alteplase for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Das Suman , Mondal Gourango Prosad , Bhattacharya Ramesh , Ghosh Kartick Chandra , Das Sarbajit , Pattem Hema Krishna , Paul Shabir Ahmed , Patra Chandrakanta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground Thrombolysis improves the outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS), albeit with an increased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Biomarkers to find patients at risk of sICH, and guide treatment and prognosis would be valuable.Methods Consecutive patients of AIS thrombolysed between February 2017 and September 2019 at Calcutta National Medical College were studied prospectively for sICH and outcome at 6-month follow-up. We identified the independent risk factors for unfavorable outcomes, mortality, and sICH using multivariate analysis. Prethrombolysis and 24-hour postthrombolysis fibrinogen levels were estimated to evaluate its biomarker role.Results Out of 180 AIS patients admitted during the study period, 60 patients were thrombolysed. Door to needle time was <3 hours among 24 patients and 3 to 4.5 hours among 36 patients. Favorable outcomes occurred among 76.67% and sICH occurred among 13.33% patients. Upper tertile of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) had the highest adjusted odds for sICH (17.5 [95% confidence intervals=1.7–178.44]). Total anterior circulation stroke had the highest adjusted odds for unfavorable outcome (19.11 [3.9–92.6]). Following thrombolysis, the mean (standard deviation) fibrinogen level of 449.27 (32.87) decreased 7% to postthrombolysis level of 420 (20.5; p< 0.0001). Higher tertiles of fibrinogen levels had progressively increasing odds for morbidity and sICH.Conclusion Congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke (double weight), i.e., CHADS2 score >2, low ejection fraction, the occurrence of total anterior circulation stroke and higher mean arterial blood pressure, blood glucose level, NIHSS score, and fibrinogen at admission were the common risk factors significantly predicting postthrombolysis sICH and morbidity. Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy, lower ASPECT (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score), and higher SEDAN scores also predicted sICH . Fibrinogen levels were significantly higher among those developing sICH and having unfavorable outcome. The performance of thrombolysis within 3 hours or between 3 and 4.5 hours after symptom onset did not affect morbidity, mortality, or the occurrence of sICH.