bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new carbohydrate retaining variety of Miscanthus increases biogas methane yields compared to M x giganteus and narrows the yield advantage of maize
Authors: Kam Jason , Thomas David , Pierre Sandra , Ashman Chris , McCalmont Jon P. , Purdy Sarah J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAnaerobic digestion (AD) currently relies heavily on crop feedstocks to maintain a constant output. A major annual crop used is Zea mays (maize), but this practice presents significant concerns because high energy inputs and food‐growing land are required for cultivation. The autumn harvest date of maize exposes soils over winter resulting in erosion and runoff into waterways. Miscanthus is physiologically and morphologically similar to maize. It is also of interest for biogas generation. As a perennial grass, Miscanthus requires far less input and can be grown on land that is unsuitable for food crops. It is typically harvested in late winter to early spring. Maize produces higher biogas yields than the most commonly grown commercial variety of Miscanthus (Mxg), because it has a higher nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentration that facilitates the AD process. We aimed to investigate whether a new Miscanthus hybrid (“GNT‐14”) that was bred from a high carbohydrate accumulating parental type can improve biogas yield from Mxg. Comparisons were made on biogas yields at two time points, October and January; the NSC, cellulose, and lignin concentrations were quantified; and the contribution of the NSC to biogas yield was determined by comparing intact and washed samples. The NSC concentrations of GNT‐14 were fivefold higher than Mxg in January, and a 28% increase in methane was observed. While Mxg showed a reduction in methane yields (L/kg) from biomass harvested in January compared to October, GNT‐14 showed no such decline. Although the potential methane yields of GNT‐14 were only 70% that of maize, the energy input (GJ ha‐1) required for cultivation was 26% of maize. Our results demonstrated that GNT‐14 could be harvested later than maize for biogas generation, offering soil protection over winter. We encourage Miscanthus breeding efforts to focus on NSC concentration as well as yield.
Preventive potential and mechanism of dietary polyphenols on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines
Authors: Cao Hui , Chen Bing‐Huei , Inbaraj Baskaran Stephen , Chen Lei , Alvarez‐Rivera Gerardo , Cifuentes Alejandro , Zhang Nana , Yang Deng‐Jye , Simal‐Gandara Jesus , Wang Mingfu , Xiao Jianbo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThermal processing is the most important and popular domestic cooking method. More than 30 heterocyclic aromatic amines have been identified in cooked meat using various methods. This review highlights preventive potential and mechanism of dietary polyphenols on the formation of heterocyclic amines. Tea, coffee, fruits, vegetable, and spice extracts rich in polyphenols exerted significant inhibition against the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines. Some polyphenols, such as naringenin and epigallocatechin 3‐O‐gallate, can actively participate into food chemistry reaction to trap Strecker aldehyde and lower the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines. In addition, some polyphenols can lower the mutagenicity of heterocyclic aromatic amines. More specifically, polyphenols possessing two hydroxyl groups at the meta position of aromatic ring are the most efficient one, but the presence of carboxylic or alkyl groups as substituents in the aromatic ring slightly reduced the inhibitory effect.
The impact of managed entry agreements on pharmaceutical prices
Authors: Gamba Simona , Pertile Paolo , Vogler Sabine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractManaged entry agreements (MEAs) have been used for several years, with the aim of curbing the growth of pharmaceutical expenditure and enhancing patient access to innovation. Yet, much remains to be understood about their economic implications. This paper studies the impact of MEAs on list prices, that is, prices before the deduction of any discount. Using a theoretical model, we show that, under most price setting regimes, the introduction of an MEA leads to a higher list price. This is confirmed by our empirical analysis of a sample of 156 medicines in six countries, providing a conservative estimate of the increase in price due to the MEA of 5.9%. A relevant policy implication is that payers may overestimate the financial gains that can be achieved through this tool.
Assessing the impact of excluded attributes on choice in a discrete choice experiment using a follow‐up question
Authors: Mansfield Carol , Sutphin Jessie , Boeri Marco 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTHealth researchers design discrete choice experiments (DCEs) to elicit preferences over attributes that define treatments. A DCE can accommodate a limited number of attributes selected by researchers based on numerous factors (e.g., respondent comprehension, cognitive burden, and sample size). For situations where researchers want information about the possible impact of an attribute excluded from the DCE, we propose a method to use a question after the DCE. This follow‐up question includes the attributes in the DCE with fixed levels and an additional attribute originally excluded from the DCE. The DCE data can be used to predict the probability that respondents would select one treatment profile over another without the additional attribute. Comparing the prediction to the percentage of the sample who selected each profile when it includes the additional attribute provides information on the potential impact of the additional attribute. We provide an example using data from a DCE on treatments for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cost was excluded from the DCE, but the survey included a follow‐up question with two fixed treatment profiles, similar to two treatments currently on the market, and a cost for each. Preferences were sensitive to modest changes in cost, highlighting the importance of gathering this information.
Comparative assessment of the efficiency of various decellularization agents for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Emami Asrin , Talaei‐Khozani Tahereh , Vojdani Zahra , Zarei fard Nehleh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBone regeneration can be possible through grafts or engineered bone replacement when bone defects are larger than the critical size. Decellularized bone extracellular matrix (ECM) is an alternative that is able to accelerate tissue regeneration, while decellularization protocols influence engineered bone quality. The objective of this study was to compare the quality of decellularized bone produced through different methods. Four decellularization methods were employed using (a) sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), (b) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 0.5%, (c) SDS 1% and (d) trypsin/EDTA. All samples were then washed in triton X‐100. DNA quantification, hematoxylin and eosin, and Hoechst staining showed that although DNA was depleted in all scaffolds, treatment with SLES led to a significantly lower DNA content. Glycosaminoglycan quantification, Raman confocal microscopy, alcian blue and PAS staining exhibited higher carbohydrate retention in the scaffolds treated with SLES and SDS 0.5%. Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy and trichrom Masson staining showed more collagen content in SLES and SDS‐treated scaffolds compared to trypsin/EDTA‐treated scaffolds. Therefore, although trypsin/EDTA could efficiently decellularize the scaffolds, it washed out the ECM contents. Also, both MTT and attachment tests showed a significantly higher cell viability in SLES‐treated scaffolds. Raman spectra revealed that while the first washing procedure did not remove SLES traces in the scaffolds, excessive washing reduced ECM contents. In conclusion, SLES and, to a lesser degree, SDS 0.5% protocols could efficiently preserve ultrastructure and ECM constituents of decellularized bone tissue and can thus be suggested as nontoxic and safe protocols for bone regeneration.
Substrate stiffness effects on SH‐SY5Y: The dichotomy of morphology and neuronal behavior
Authors: Ozgun Alp , Erkoc‐Biradlı Fatma Zehra , Bulut Osman , Garipcan Bora 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLike many other cell types, neuroblastoma cells are also known to respond to mechanical cues in their microenvironment in vitro. They were shown to have mechanotransduction pathways, which result in enhanced neuronal morphology on stiff substrates. However, in previous studies, the differentiation process was monitored only by morphological parameters. Motivated by the lack of comprehensive studies that investigate the effects of mechanical cues on neuroblastoma differentiation, we used SH‐SY5Y cells differentiated on polyacrylamide (PA) gels as a model. Cells differentiated on the surface of PA hydrogels with three different elastic moduli (0.1, 1, and 50 kPa) were morphologically evaluated and their electrophysiological responsiveness was probed using calcium imaging. Immunodetection of neural marker TUJ1 and p‐FAK was used for biochemical characterization. Groups with defined stiffness that are matching and nonmatching to neural tissue extracellular matrix were used to distinguish biomimetic results from other effects. Results show that while cells display morphologies that do not resemble neurons on soft substrates, they are in fact electrophysiologically more responsive and abundant in neuronal marker TUJ1. Our findings suggest that while neuronal differentiation occurs more efficiently in microenvironments mechanically mimicking neural tissue, the SH‐SY5Y model demonstrates morphologies that conflict with neuronal behavior under these conditions. These results are expected to contribute considerable input to researchers that use SH‐SY5Y as a neuron model.
Nonenzymatic and Trophic Activities of Carboxypeptidase E Regulate Bone Mass and Bioenergetics of Skeletal Stem Cells in Mice
Authors: Chougule Amit , Kolli Vipula , Baroi Sudipta , Ebraheim Nabil , Czernik Piotr J , Loh Y Peng , Lecka‐Czernik Beata 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBone and energy metabolism are integrated by common regulatory mechanisms. Carboxypeptidase E (CPE), also known as obesity susceptibility protein or neurotrophic factor‐α1, is recognized for its function in processing prohormones, including proinsulin and pro‐opiomelanocortin polypeptide. Independent of its enzymatic activity, CPE may also act as a secreted factor with divergent roles in neuroprotection and cancer growth; however, its role in the regulation of bone mass and skeletal cell differentiation is unknown. Male mice with global deficiency in CPE are characterized with profound visceral obesity, low bone mass in both appendicular and axial skeleton, and high volume of marrow fat. Interestingly, although metabolic deficit of CPE KO mice develops early in life, bone deficit develops in older age, suggesting that CPE bone‐specific activities differ from its enzymatic activities. Indeed, mutated CPE knockin (mCPE KI) mice ectopically expressing CPE‐E342Q, a mutated protein lacking enzymatic activity, develop the same obese phenotype and accumulate the same volume of marrow fat as CPE KO mice, but their bone mass is normal. In addition, differentiation of marrow hematopoietic cells toward tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐positive multinucleated osteoclasts is highly increased in CPE KO mice, but normal in mCPE KI mice. Moreover, in murine skeletal stem cells, nonenzymatic trophic CPE has activated ERK signaling, increased cell proliferation and increased mitochondrial activity. Treatment of preosteoblastic cells with intact or mutated recombinant CPE led to a transient accumulation of small lipid droplets, increased oxidative phosphorylation, and increased cellular dependence on fatty acids as fuel for energy production. In human marrow aspirates, CPE expression increases up to 30‐fold in osteogenic conditions. These findings suggest that nonenzymatic and trophic activities of CPE regulate bone mass, whereas marrow adiposity is controlled by CPE enzymatic activity. Thus, CPE can be positioned as a factor regulating simultaneously bone and energy metabolism through a combination of shared and distinct mechanisms. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Picolinic Acid, a Catabolite of Tryptophan, Has an Anabolic Effect on Bone In Vivo
Authors: Duque Gustavo , Vidal Christopher , Li Wei , Al Saedi Ahmed , Khalil Mamdouh , Lim Chai K , Myers Damian E , Guillemin Gilles J 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Fractures attributable to osteoporosis have a severe impact on our older population. Reports of side effects with commonly prescribed osteoporosis drugs have led to the investigation of new and safer treatments with novel mechanisms of action. Picolinic acid (PIC), a catabolite of tryptophan, induces in vitro osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Here we demonstrate that PIC has an anabolic effect on bone in vivo by increasing bone formation, bone mass, and bone strength in normal and ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice. Activation of the osteogenic pathways triggered this osteoanabolic response without any cross-related effects on mineral absorption or calciotropic hormones. Because PIC was also well tolerated and absorbed with no side effects, it is an ideal potential candidate for the treatment of osteoporosis. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Nimbolide prevents myocardial damage by regulating cardiac biomarkers, antioxidant level, and apoptosis signaling against doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity in rats
Authors: Li Haining , Xia Bihua , Chen Wei , Zhang Yumeng , Gao Xia , Chinnathambi Arunachalam , Alharbi Sulaiman A. , Zhao Yujie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe current work planned to assess the protecting properties of nimbolide against doxorubicin (DOX)‐treated myocardial damage. Myocardial damage was produced with 2.5 mg/kg of DOX given on alternative days (14 days). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels of a lipid peroxidative marker were elevated, whereas reduced body weight, heart weight, blood pressure indices and reduced levels of antioxidants like glutathione‐S‐transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, and glutathione reductase were observed in the heart tissue of DOX‐treated animals. DOX‐treated animals showed augmented levels of cardiac markers likes monocyte chemotactic protein‐1, interferon‐gamma, aspartate transferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase‐muscle/brain, heart‐type fatty acid‐binding protein, glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB, transforming growth factor‐β, brain natriuretic peptide, myoglobin, and cTnI in serum. Histopathological assessment confirmed the DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, DOX‐induced rats showed augmented inflammatory mediators (nuclear factor‐κB [NF‐kB], tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α], and interleukin‐1β [IL‐1β]) and increased PI3K/Akt signaling proteins (PI3K, p‐Bad/Bad, caspase‐3, and p‐Akt), whereas decreased oxidative markers (HO‐1 and NQO‐1) and p‐PTEN were observed. Nimbolide‐supplemented rats showed reduced activity/levels of cardiac markers and TBARS levels in serum and heart tissue. Levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants were augmented in the heart tissue of nimbolide‐supplemented rats. Nimbolide influence decreased apoptosis, inflammation, and enhanced antioxidant markers through the modulation of p‐Bad/Bad, caspase‐3, PI3K, p‐Akt, TNF‐α, NF‐kB, IL‐1β, HO‐1, NQO‐1, and p‐PTEN markers. The histopathological explanations were observed to be in line with biochemical analysis. Therefore, the finding of current work was that nimbolide has a defensive effect on the myocardium against DOX‐induced cardiac tissue damage.
Personality correlates of eating pathology severity and subtypes in The National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement
Authors: Legg Nicole K. , Turner Brianna J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe examined how personality traits are associated with eating pathology (EP) across a range of severities and symptom subtypes.MethodThe National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement (N = 10,148) was used to compare personality across severities (i.e., clinical Eating Disorders [EDs], subclinical disordered eating, preclinical weight concerns, or no weight/EP [no W/EP]), subclinical subtypes (i.e., Binge Eating Only, Binge‐Purge, Binge‐Restrict, Restrict‐Purge, or no W/EP), and clinical subtypes (i.e., Anorexia Nervosa [AN]), Bulimia Nervosa [BN], Binge Eating Disorder [BED], internalizing disorders, or no ED or internalizing disorder) of EP.ResultsMore severe EP was associated with more extreme personality trait endorsements. Impulsivity‐related traits did not consistently distinguish binge eating/purging from restricting subtypes, although behavioral disinhibition differentiated adolescents with BN or BED from AN.ConclusionPersonality traits related to affectivity and impulsivity were more consistently associated with severity rather than subtype of EP.
The moderating role of calling in the work–family interface: Buffering and substitution effects on employee satisfaction
Authors: Nielsen Jordan D. , Thompson Jeffery A. , Wadsworth Lori L. , Vallett Joel D. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis research seeks for improved understanding regarding the interaction of meaningful work and the work–family interface. Existing literature suggests that experiencing a sense of calling toward work makes the work domain particularly salient to employees compared to other life domains. In this article, we draw on this idea, rooted in identity theory, to hypothesize that a sense of calling toward work diminishes the effects of work–family conflict and work–family enrichment on employee's job and life satisfaction. We test these ideas in two studies. First, we surveyed an alumni sample of 598 employees from various jobs, industries, and job levels. Then, in a constructive replication, we surveyed 327 employees using a time‐lagged design. Calling was found to significantly buffer the effect of work–family conflict on job satisfaction in Study 2, but not Study 1. Calling did not buffer the effect of conflict on life satisfaction in either study. However, both studies demonstrated that calling attenuated (substituted for) the effect of work–family enrichment on job satisfaction. Study 1 supported the idea that calling attenuates the effect of enrichment on life satisfaction; however, this interactive effect was reversed in Study 2, contrary to expectations. We discuss implications for theory and practice related to callings and career choices, as well as for the role of calling and work identity in the work–family interface.
Effect of combined Bacillomycin D and chitosan on growth of Rhizopus stolonifer and Botrytis cinerea and cherry tomato preservation
Authors: Lin Fuxing , Huang Zhenghua , Chen Yirui , Zhou Libang , Chen Meirong , Sun Jing , Lu Zhaoxin , Lu Yingjian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSynthetic fungicides are most commonly used for controlling postharvest disease of fruit, although they can cause the emergence of drug‐resistant strains, environmental pollution and fruit safety issues. Bacillomycin D (BD), a novel antifungal lipopeptide, and chitosan (CTS) are applied for the preservation of cherry tomato.RESULTSThe combination of BD and CTS showed an additive inhibition on the growth of Rhizopus stolonifer and Botrytis cinerea compared to that of its individual compound. In addition, BD + CTS reduced the incidence of soft rot and gray mold in cherry tomato caused by R. stolonifer and B. cinerea, respectively. Tomato treated with BD + CTS exhibited a lower weight loss and higher firmness and higher contents of total soluble solids, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid compared to those treated with sterile water (control). The kinetics models demonstrated that the shelf life of cherry tomato treated with BD + CTS could be extended by approximately 15 days longer than the control.CONCLUSIONThe utilization of BD + CTS provided a novel strategy for reducing postharvest fungal rot and maintaining the storage quality of cherry tomato. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
In vitro digestibility of mountain‐grown irrigated perennial legume, grass and forb forages is influenced by elevated non‐fibrous carbohydrates and plant secondary compounds
Authors: Zhang Yunhua , MacAdam Jennifer W , Villalba Juan J , Dai Xin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPerennial legumes cultivated under irrigation in the Mountain West USA have non‐fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) concentrations exceeding 400 g kg−1, a level commonly found in concentrate‐based ruminant diets. Our objective was to determine the influence of NFC concentration and plant secondary compounds on in vitro rumen digestion of grass, legume and forb forages compared with digestion of their isolated neutral detergent fiber (NDF) fraction. Forages were composited from ungrazed paddocks of rotationally stocked, irrigated monoculture pastures between May and August 2016, frozen in the field, freeze‐dried, and ground.RESULTSThe maximum rate (RMax) of gas production was greater for the legumes alfalfa (ALF; Medicago sativa L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (BFT; Lotus corniculatus L.) than for the legume cicer milkvetch (CMV; Astragalus cicer L.) the grass meadow brome (MBG; Bromus riparius Rehm.) and the non‐legume forb small burnet (SMB; Sanguisorba minor Scop.), and intermediate for the legume sainfoin (SNF; Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.). The RMax of isolated NDF was greatest for BFT and CMV, intermediate for ALF, SNF and SMB and least for MBG.CONCLUSIONSMore than 900 g of organic matter kg−1 dry matter of legumes was digested after 96 h. Across forages, the extent of whole‐plant digestion increased with NFC and crude protein concentrations, decreased with NDF concentrations, and was modulated by secondary compounds. The extent of digestion of isolated NDF decreased with concentration of lignin and residual tannins. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry