bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenosine STEPs on synaptic function
Authors: Yasuda Robert P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis is an Editorial Highlight of a manuscript by Mallozzi et al. (2019) in the current issue of the Journal of Neurochemistry, in which the authors detail the biochemical pathway that leads to synaptic depression by cocaine. This pathway requires the adenosine A2A receptor and STEP phosphatases. Activation of the adenosine A2A receptor leads to an increase in intracellular calcium, activation of STEP by dephosphorylation, inhibition of excitatory ionotropic glutamate receptors by dephosphorylation of phospho‐tyrosine residues and subsequent internalization of the ionotropic glutamate receptors. This adenosine A2A receptor pathway could lead to potential drug targets for neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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UNDERSTANDING PREFERENCE IMPRECISION
Authors: Bayrak Oben K. , Hey John D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe term ‘preference imprecision’ seems to have different meanings to different people. In the literature, one can find references to a number of expressions. For example: vagueness, incompleteness, randomness, unsureness, indecisiveness and thick indifference curves. Some of these are theoretical constructs, some are empirical. The purpose of this paper is to survey the various different approaches and to try to link them together: to see if they are all addressed to the same issue, and to come to some conclusions. In the course of this survey, we report on evidence concerning the existence of preference imprecision, and its impact on theoretical and empirical work.
Bringing the State Back in Secularization: The Development of Laïcité in the French Third Republic (1875–1905)
Authors: Peker Efe 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe secularization literature increasingly recognizes the role of historical state‐building processes and the manifest agency of sociopolitical actors in shaping public secularity. Based on archival data from the French Third Republic, this article offers three contributions to the historicizing agenda. First, to better capture the contingent and agency‐driven nature of secularization, it reoperationalizes the concepts of separation and regulation as contentious strategies of state‐building used toward religious authority. Second, it identifies and exemplifies four interrelated yet uneven spheres in which secularization is prompted through governmental action: politico‐institutional, socio‐pedagogical, symbolic‐ideological, and property‐distributional. Third, it suggests going beyond viewing secularizing agents as disconnected elites operating independently of grassroots movements. The French case shows that the Republicans’ engagement with the pressures of various class forces had a significant impact on their secularizing policies. The analysis advances the study of the mechanisms whereby state‐building engenders and mediates secularization as a nonlinear and heterogeneous process.
Trait divergence of woody species in relation to affinity for termite mounds in Upper Katanga (DR Congo)
Authors: Cuma Mushagalusa Fidèle , Bauman David , Ngoy Shutcha Mylor , Meerts Pierre 
Published: November 2019

AbstractQuestionDo functional traits vary in relation to affinity for termite mounds in trees of dry tropical woodlands?LocationNorth of the Zambezian Region, Plain of Lubumbashi, Upper Katanga, DR Congo.MethodsIn four woodland sites, the occurrence of a total of 3,454 stems, on and off Macrotermes mounds has been recorded. Twenty‐one functional traits including foliar concentrations of nutrients, specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) were determined in 36 species. Intraspecific variation of traits was examined in one species (Dalbergia boehmii) occurring both on and off mounds.ResultsMost species had a narrow niche, with 22 species (31%) showing a strong positive affinity for termite mounds (>90% of occurrences) (T species), and 43 species (61%) showing strong negative affinity (<10% of occurrences) (NT species). Strong divergence of traits was found between T and NT species. Affinity for termite mounds was positively correlated to SLA and foliar concentrations of B, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, and negatively correlated to LDMC and leaf thickness. Intraspecific variation in D. boehmii showed the same pattern, though with a smaller amplitude.ConclusionsStrong environmental filters are structuring the vegetation of dry tropical woodlands, with termitophilous species expressing a syndrome of faster resource capture and use, in line with the higher nutrient and water availability of termite mound soil. Broad‐niched species are either more plastic, or have evolved locally adapted populations.
Differences of Anteroposterior Pelvic Radiographs Between Supine Position and Standing Position in Patients with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Yang Guo‐yue , Li Ya‐yue , Luo Dian‐zhong , Hui Cheng , Xiao Kai , Zhang Hong 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo explore the difference in pelvic tilt and hip joint parameters with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) comparing the anteroposterior (AP) pelvic radiographs taken in supine and standing positions.MethodsA prospective study of DDH patients undergoing Bernese periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) was conducted. AP pelvic radiographs were taken in supine and standing positions before surgery The pelvic tilt and hip joint parameters from the two radiographs were compared. Contrast parameters included the distance between the pubic symphysis to sacrococcygeal distance (PSSC), lateral center‐edge angle (LCEA), Tönnis angle (TA), and angle of sharp (SA).ResultsA total of 110 young DDH patients were enrolled, including 32 men and 78 women, aged 18–49 years. The male PSSC was 45.63 ± 13.69 mm in supine position and 36.91 ± 12.33 mm in standing position (P < 0.05). The female PSSC was 56.76 ± 13.54 mm in supine position and 48.62 ± 15.44 mm in standing position (P < 0.05). In this study, LCEA <20° in AP pelvic radiographs in the supine position was found in 52 men and 135 women. For male patients, in supine position and standing position, LCEA were 5.51° ± 11.88° and 4.45° ± 12.22°, respectively (P < 0.05); TA were 20.20° ± 9.63° and 21.30° ± 9.97°, respectively (P < 0.05), and SA comparison showed no significant differences. For female patients, in supine position and standing position, LCEA were 3.07° ± 12.07° and 1.69° ± 12.11°, respectively (P < 0.05), TA were 22.62° ± 9.31° and 23.82° ± 9.45°, respectively (P < 0.05), and SA were 48.01° ± 4.68° and 48.49° ± 4.74°, respectively (P < 0.05).ConclusionCompared with the supine position, the young DDH patients have pelvic tilt backward and a decrease in hip coverage in the standing position.
Prospective evaluation of immune haemolysis in liver transplantation
Authors: Brunetta Denise Menezes , de Barros Carlos Luciana Maria , Da Silva Vilany Franco Pereira , de Oliveira Alves Tania Maria , Macedo Ênio Simas , Coelho Gustavo Rego , Vasconcelos João Batista Marinho , De Francesco Daher Elizabeth , Garcia José Huygens Parente 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundImmune haemolysis in liver transplant (LT) can occur due to autoantibodies and alloantibodies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for immune haemolysis in LT.MethodsA total of 175 consecutive patients were included. Multiorgan recipients were excluded. Samples, from before LT, seven consecutive days and weekly for 4 weeks, were evaluated for haemolysis and immunohaematological tests. SPSS 24 was used for statistical analysis.ResultsNine patients (5·1%) presented positive antibody screen (AS) before LT, (2·3% clinically significant), more frequent in RhD‐negative (P = 0·017). Positive DAT occurred in 53 (30·3%) and was related to high MELD score (P = 0·048), HCV (P = 0·005) and furosemide use (P = 0·001). Positive AS after LT occurred in 22 patients (12·5%), with nine (5·7%) clinically significant antibodies. Positive AS occurred more frequently in RhD negative (P = 0·021) and in those transfused (P = 0·022). Post‐transplant positive DAT was associated with piperacillin‐tazobactam use (P = 0·021) and minor ABO incompatibility (P = 0·0038). Five patients presented passenger lymphocyte syndrome (PLS), all received liver‐graft O, four presented haemolysis, and three were transfused due to PLS.ConclusionAuto‐ and alloantibodies against red blood cell antigens are frequent in LT, but the frequency of immune haemolysis was only 2·8%. The only risk factor for PLS was minor ABO mismatch.
Isolated serum hepatitis B core antibody seropositivity: A diagnostic risk factor for occult hepatitis B infection
Authors: Fasakin Kolawole A. , Ifeanyichukwu Martin O. , Ibijola Ajayi Adeleke , Adeniyi Augustine A. , Ajetunmobi Wasiu A. , Adebara Idowu O. , Ajayi Oluwafemi David , Esan Ayodele Jacob , Oyeleke Kikelomo O. , Omisakin Christopher T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAnti‐HBc screening and nucleic acid testing for hepatitis B viral DNA (HBV DNA) detection in blood donors are not routinely performed in clinical settings in Nigeria. This raises serious concerns for safety of blood at a time that global health standards advocate for transfusion safety. The aim of this research is to investigate if presence of anti‐HBc in blood donors is actually associated with occult hepatitis B infection through basic and advanced procedures. Prospective blood donors who were seronegative for HBsAg but sero‐positive for anti‐HBc (with or without other markers) among the four hundred and seventy enrolled in a cross‐sectional study were selected for this study. Samples were further screened for hepatitis B core immunoglobulin M by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Nucleic acid testing was performed for confirmation of occult hepatitis B infection. Anti‐HBc was detected in 20 (32.8%) of the sixty‐one HBsAg antigen‐negative blood donors which constituted 13.0% of the total number of enrolled blood donors. Anti‐HBc total‐positive differentiation showed eighteen (90.0%) anti‐HBc (IgG) and two (10%) anti‐HBc (IgM) were detected. Nucleic acid testing showed 5.0% prevalence of occult hepatitis B infection among the anti‐HBc‐positive blood donors with estimated HBV DNA viral load of 58 IU/ml. Demonstration of 5.0% occult hepatitis B prevalence showed the possibility of post‐transfusion hepatitis B infection in transfusion recipients with consequent possible liver damage should hepatitis B surface antigen alone be the continued practice in clinical settings. The inclusion of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen screening in addition to hepatitis B surface antigen marker is an essential step to ensuring optimal blood safety and prevent post‐transfusion hepatitis.
Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase‐2 protects porcine aortic endothelial cells from human antibody‐mediated complement‐dependent cytotoxicity
Authors: Chen Pengfei , Zhao Yanli , Gao Hanchao , Huang Jiabao , Lu Ying , Song Jinqi , Lin Lizhong , Lin Zejin , Ou Chunpei , Sun Huimin , Li Yajing , Zeng Changchun , Cooper David K. C. , Zhan Yongqiang , Deng Xuefeng , Mou Lisha 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundCyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) is an inducible enzyme with catalytic activity for biosynthesis of prostaglandins which are the key mediators of inflammation. COX‐2 is also the therapeutic target for widely used non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, the involvement of COX‐2 in xenotransplantation (eg, pig‐to‐non‐human primate) remains poorly recognized.MethodsWe investigated the mechanisms that regulate COX‐2 expression and the effects of COX‐2 on porcine aortic endothelial cell (PAEC) viability using in vitro pig‐to‐primate xenotransplantation model and in vivo pig‐to‐mouse cellular transplant model. Regulation of COX‐2 expression was assessed by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting. The effects of inhibition or downregulation of COX‐2 on PAEC viability were assessed by propidium iodide (PI)‐Annexin V staining and Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay.ResultsHuman serum triggered robust COX‐2 expression in PAECs in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Induction of COX‐2 expression by human serum was partially through activation of both canonical and non‐canonical nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κb) signaling and increasing intracellular calcium. Cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β), IL‐17, were able to induce COX‐2 expression. Selective inhibition of COX‐2 by celecoxib dramatically decreased PAEC death in vitro and in vivo as defined by propidium iodide (PI)‐Annexin V staining. Consistently, downregulation of COX‐2 expression by NF‐κb inhibitors or calcium chelator BAPTA decreased human serum‐induced PAEC death as well. Silencing of COX‐2 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) protected PAEC viability when transplanted under kidney capsule of C57BL/6 mice.ConclusionsTaken together, our data suggest that COX‐2 is highly induced in PAECs by xenogenic serum and associated with human antibody‐mediated complement‐dependent cytotoxicity. COX‐2 might be a potential therapeutic target to improve xenotransplantation.
AESTHETICS, CREATIVITY, AND MYSTICISM: AN INVESTIGATION OF THREE MODES OF CONSCIOUSNESS
Authors: Frishkopf Michael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis essay explores the universal nature of aesthetic, creative, and mystical experience, tracing some essential interrelations among the three. Enlarging upon the work of anthropologist Jacques Maquet, I speculate that “sensory fixedness” is both necessary and sufficient to achieve aesthetic experience, and that the unification of mind engendered by sensory fixedness is the essential source of aesthetic power. Therefore, the role of the aesthetic object (construed broadly) is either as an arbitrary sensory focusing mechanism, or as the physical embodiment of a gestalt facilitating fixedness; the first category is merely attractive, while the second contains all that is truly great in art (visual and auditory). I suggest further that as both creative inspiration and mystical experience result from fixedness, both are related to aesthetic experience. However, while aesthetic experience is rooted in sensation, mystical and creative experience, though often prepared by sensory fixedness, may transcend the sensory domain altogether toward more abstract forms of mental fixedness.
EPIPHANY PHILOSOPHERS: AFTERWORD
Authors: Williams Rowan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBeing a theist makes a difference, but not so much to what propositions we assent to, nor to an expanded ontology of spiritual entities. Rather, it is concerned with what commitments we enter into, and involves a participatory engagement with a broader reality then we might have supposed was possible. Embodied practices are a crucial part of the contemplative path, which draws on the wisdom of the body. This leads on to a “labor of culture.” Our present culture is not obviously as secular as supposed to be, but what has now become sacred is a strong sense of the individual ego, around which many ethical and political commitments are built, and which sits uneasily with our widely accepted mechanistic view of life. The crucial challenge to artificial intelligence is whether it can find ways of enhancing the mutual recognition that is crucial to the ethical life.
HIGH SCIENCE AND NATURAL SCIENCES: GREEK THEOLOGIANS AND THE SCIENCE AND RELIGION INTERACTIONS (1832–1910)
Authors: Tampakis Kostas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhat was science for the Orthodox Greek theologian of the nineteenth century? How did it feature in his (theologians were all men at the time) own work? This article is an attempt to describe the science and religion interactions by placing Greek Orthodox theologians of the nineteenth century in the center of the historical narrative, rather than treat them as occasional deuteragonists in the scientists’ historiography. The picture that emerges is far more complicated than one of antagonism, indifference, conflict, or coexistence. Greek theologians saw themselves as scientists and treated theology as a positive, rational science. They developed strategies to delineate their disciplinary borders and safeguard their identity as expert scholars by harnessing their university and academic credentials. For that reason, they had to invoke famous German and other Western theologians, while ensuring that they were seen as true defenders of Orthodox Christianity. The idea of science was an integral part of this achievement.
Clinically stable disease is associated with a lower risk of both income loss and disability pension for patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Chalmer Thor Ameri , Buron Mathias , Illes Zsolt , Papp Viktoria , Theodorsdottir Asta , Schäfer Jakob , Hansen Victoria , Asgari Nasrin , Skejø Pernille Bro , Jensen Henrik Boye , Sørensen Per Soelberg , Magyari Melinda 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo assess the risk of losing income from salaries and risk disability pension for multiple sclerosis patients with a clinically stable disease course 3 years after the start of disease-modifying therapy (DMT).MethodsData from the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry were linked to other Danish nationwide population-based databases. We included patients who started treatment with a DMT between 2001 and 2014. Patients were categorised into a clinically stable group (No Evidence of Disease Activity (NEDA-2)) and a clinically active group (relapse activity or 6-month confirmed Expanded Disability Status Scale worsening). Outcomes were: (1) loss of regular income from salaries and (2) a transfer payment labelled as disability pension. We used a Cox proportional hazards model to estimate confounder-adjusted HRs, and absolute risks were plotted using cumulative incidence curves accounting for competing risks.ResultsWe included 2406 patients for the income analyses and 3123 patients for the disability pension analysis. Median follow-up from index date was ~5 years in both analyses. The NEDA-2 group had a 26% reduced rate of losing income (HR 0.74; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.92). HRs were calculated for 5-year intervals in the disability pension analysis: year 0–5: a 57% reduced rate of disability pension for the NEDA-2 group (HR 0.43; 95% CI 0.33 to 0.55) and year 5–10: a 36% reduced rate (HR 0.64; 95% CI 0.40 to 1.01).ConclusionClinically stable disease course (NEDA-2) is associated with a reduced risk of losing income from salaries and a reduced risk of disability pension.
Workshop Summary
Authors: Tonelli Roberto , Ortu Marco , Ducasse Stephane , Marchesi Michele 
Published: November 2019

The second Workshop on Emerging Trends in Software Engineering for Blockchain (WETSEB 2019) intends to pursue the experience of WETSEB 2018 which inherited from the past eight editions of WETSoM (Workshop on Emerging Trends on Software Metrics) the challenges of gathering together researchers interested in emerging topics and trends in software engineering.
WETSEB 2018 marked a transition in the workshop interest from the software metrics to the newly emerging fields of research in a software technology whose powerful wide-spreading is disruptively invading academy, industry, finance and media: the Blockchain software technology.
Motivations for this workshop are augmented since last edition given the clear outstanding interest in software communities, in the academy, in the industry, in the finance and in the media on the new emerging software technology of the Blockchain witnessed by the larger and larger amount of publications, of start-ups and companies which last year exploited this new technology. We first outline the aims of the workshop, followed by a discussion of its keynote speech and technical program.
Digital India’s Smart Transform-Nation: Enabling or Discouraging a ‘Chatur Citizenry’?
Authors: Ruiz Andrade Michelle 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Instead of exploring ‘smart cities’ as future utopias, this paper concentrates on historically constructed, yet actively contested socio-spatial inequalities. Drawing upon Chandigarh’s master-planning experience, it explores epistemic, material, and civic dimensions of Chandigarh’s Smart City Proposal to ask whether vernacular reinterpretations of ‘smart citizenry’ help the subaltern reclaim their ‘right to the city’. Thus, following a critical genealogy that shifts attention from ‘smart cities’ towards ‘citizen centeredness’, this research focuses on the construction and contestation of ‘smart citizenship’. Overall, technocratic and city-branding discourses, which legitimate restricting funds to a ‘smart enclave’ at the cost of evictions and banning ‘encroachers’, are confronted by housing rights activists. This motivates scholars to theorize a subversive identity, in which ‘smartness’ gains new meaning. However, epistemic contestations are not enough to create recognition for the needs and rights of the working poor, who work for but cannot reside in Chandigarh. Further alliances and political will are required.
Effects of Climate Modes on Interannual Variability of Upwelling in the Tropical Indian Ocean
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Han Weiqing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates interannual variability of the tropical Indian Ocean (IO) upwelling through analyzing satellite and in situ observations from 1993 to 2016 using the conventional Static Linear Regression Model (SLM) and Bayesian Dynamical Linear Model (DLM), and performing experiments using a linear ocean model. The analysis also extends back to 1979, using ocean–atmosphere reanalysis datasets. Strong interannual variability is observed over the mean upwelling zone of the Seychelles–Chagos thermocline ridge (SCTR) and in the seasonal upwelling area of the eastern tropical IO (EIO), with enhanced EIO upwelling accompanying weakened SCTR upwelling. Surface winds associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the IO dipole (IOD) are the major drivers of upwelling variability. ENSO is more important than the IOD over the SCTR region, but they play comparable roles in the EIO. Upwelling anomalies generally intensify when positive IODs co-occur with El Niño events. For the 1979–2016 period, eastern Pacific (EP) El Niños overall have stronger impacts than central Pacific (CP) and the 2015/16 hybrid El Niño events, because EP El Niños are associated with stronger convection and surface wind anomalies over the IO; however, this relationship might change for a different interdecadal period. Rossby wave propagation has a strong impact on upwelling in the western basin, which causes errors in the SLM and DLM because neither can properly capture wave propagation. Remote forcing by equatorial winds is crucial for the EIO upwelling. While the first two baroclinic modes capture over 80%–90% of the upwelling variability, intermediate modes (3–8) are needed to fully represent IO upwelling.