bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How the known reference weakens the visual oblique effect: a Bayesian account of cognitive improvement by cue influence
Authors: Ye Renyu , Liu Xinsheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the influence of a known cue on the oblique effect in orientation identification and explains how subjects integrate cue information to identify target orientations. We design the psychophysical task in which subjects estimate target orientations in the presence of a known oriented reference line. For comparison the control experiments without the reference are conducted. Under Bayesian inference framework, a cue integration model is proposed to explain the perceptual improvement in the presence of the reference. The maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of our model are obtained. In the presence of the reference, the variability and biases of identification are significantly reduced and the oblique effect of orientation identification is obviously weakened. Moreover, the identification of orientation in the vicinity of the reference line is consistently biased away from the reference line (i.e., reference repulsion). Comparing the predictions of the model with the experimental results, the Bayesian Least Squares estimator under the Variable-Precision encoding (BLS_VP) provides a better description of the experimental outcomes and captures the trade-off relationship of bias and precision of identification. Our results provide a useful step toward a better understanding of human visual perception in context of the known cues.
Direct dating reveals the early history of opium poppy in western Europe
Authors: Salavert Aurélie , Zazzo Antoine , Martin Lucie , Antolín Ferran , Gauthier Caroline , Thil François , Tombret Olivier , Bouby Laurent , Manen Claire , Mineo Mario , Mueller-Bieniek Aldona , Piqué Raquel , Rottoli Mauro , Rovira Núria , Toulemonde Françoise , Vostrovská Ivana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to define the first chrono-cultural framework on the domestication and early diffusion of the opium poppy using small-sized botanical remains from archaeological sites, opening the way to directly date minute short-lived botanical samples. We produced the initial set of radiocarbon dates directly from the opium poppy remains of eleven Neolithic sites (5900–3500 cal BCE) in the central and western Mediterranean, northwestern temperate Europe, and the western Alps. When possible, we also dated the macrobotanical remains originating from the same sediment sample. In total, 22 samples were taken into account, including 12 dates directly obtained from opium poppy remains. The radiocarbon chronology ranges from 5622 to 4050 cal BCE. The results show that opium poppy is present from at least the middle of the sixth millennium in the Mediterranean, where it possibly grew naturally and was cultivated by pioneer Neolithic communities. Its dispersal outside of its native area was early, being found west of the Rhine in 5300–5200 cal BCE. It was introduced to the western Alps around 5000–4800 cal BCE, becoming widespread from the second half of the fifth millennium. This research evidences different rhythms in the introduction of opium poppy in western Europe.
Preclinical studies of non-stick thin film metallic glass-coated syringe needles
Authors: Bai Meng-Yi , Chang Ya-Chu , Chu Jinn P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOur objective in this study was to determine the biocompatibility and hemocompatibility of thin film metallic glass (TFMG) and its potential use in hypodermic needles for intramuscular or intravenous injection. Mouse and rabbit models were employed under approval from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (n = 5/group, two groups in total for both animal models). Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was collected from the whole blood of rabbits (ear vein) without anti-coagulant for use in in vitro coagulation tests. Histological analysis and optical microscopy were used to assess the endothelial structure of the inner lining of veins after being punctured with needles and detained for 3 days. Histological analysis of ear vein sections revealed that the extent of endothelial damage after puncturing with a TFMG-coated needle was 33% less than that produced by bare needles. Our results confirm that the deposition of a thin TFMG layer (e.g., Zr53Cu33Al9Ta5) on the surface of hypodermic needle can have remarkably clinical benefits, including anti-adhesion, reduced invasion, and minimal endothelial damage. Our results also confirm the good biocompatibility and hemocompatibility of the TFMG coatings.
Blind footballers direct their head towards an approaching ball during ball trapping
Authors: Mieda Takumi , Kokubu Masahiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn blind football, players predict the sound location of a ball to underpin the success of ball trapping. It is currently unknown whether blind footballers use head movements as a strategy for trapping a moving ball. This study investigated characteristics of head rotations in blind footballers during ball trapping compared to sighted nonathletes. Participants performed trapping an approaching ball using their right foot. Head and trunk rotation angles in the sagittal plane, and head rotation angles in the horizontal plane were measured during ball trapping. The blind footballers showed a larger downward head rotation angle, as well as higher performance at the time of ball trapping than did the sighted nonathletes. However, no significant differences between the groups were found with regards to the horizontal head rotation angle and the downward trunk rotation angle. The blind footballers consistently showed a larger relative angle of downward head rotation from an early time point after ball launching to the moment of ball trapping. These results suggest that blind footballers couple downward head rotation with the movement of an approaching ball, to ensure that the ball is kept in a consistent egocentric direction relative to the head throughout ball trapping.
Investigation of the novelty of latent functionally thermal fluids as alternative to nanofluids in natural convective flows
Authors: Haddad Zoubida , Iachachene Farida , Abu-Nada Eiyad , Pop Ioan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a detailed comparison between the latent functionally thermal fluids (LFTFs) and nanofluids in terms of heat transfer enhancement. The problem used to carry the comparison is natural convection in a differentially heated cavity where LFTFs and nanofluids are considered the working fluids. The nanofluid mixture consists of Al2O3 nanoparticles and water, whereas the LFTF mixture consists of a suspension of nanoencapsulated phase change material (NEPCMs) in water. The thermophysical properties of the LFTFs are derived from available experimental data in literature. The NEPCMs consist of n-nonadecane as PCM and poly(styrene-co-methacrylic acid) as shell material for the encapsulation. Finite volume method is used to solve the governing equations of the LFTFs and the nanofluid. The computations covered a wide range of Rayleigh number, 104 ≤ Ra ≤ 107, and nanoparticle volume fraction ranging between 0 and 1.69%. It was found that the LFTFs give substantial heat transfer enhancement compared to nanofluids, where the maximum heat transfer enhancement of 13% was observed over nanofluids. Though the thermal conductivity of LFTFs was 15 times smaller than that of the base fluid, a significant enhancement in thermal conductivity was observed. This enhancement was attributed to the high latent heat of fusion of the LFTFs which increased the energy transport within the cavity and accordingly the thermal conductivity of the LFTFs.
Technical validation of a new microfluidic device for enrichment of CTCs from large volumes of blood by using buffy coats to mimic diagnostic leukapheresis products
Authors: Guglielmi R. , Lai Z. , Raba K. , van Dalum G. , Wu J. , Behrens B. , Bhagat A. A. S. , Knoefel W. T. , Neves R. P. L. , Stoecklein N. H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDiagnostic leukapheresis (DLA) enables to sample larger blood volumes and increases the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTC) significantly. Nevertheless, the high excess of white blood cells (WBC) of DLA products remains a major challenge for further downstream CTC enrichment and detection. To address this problem, we tested the performance of two label-free CTC technologies for processing DLA products. For the testing purposes, we established ficollized buffy coats (BC) with a WBC composition similar to patient-derived DLA products. The mimicking-DLA samples (with up to 400 × 106 WBCs) were spiked with three different tumor cell lines and processed with two versions of a spiral microfluidic chip for label-free CTC enrichment: the commercially available ClearCell FR1 biochip and a customized DLA biochip based on a similar enrichment principle, but designed for higher throughput of cells. While the samples processed with FR1 chip displayed with increasing cell load significantly higher WBC backgrounds and decreasing cell recovery, the recovery rates of the customized DLA chip were stable, even if challenged with up to 400 × 106 WBCs (corresponding to around 120 mL peripheral blood or 10% of a DLA product). These results indicate that the further up-scalable DLA biochip has potential to process complete DLA products from 2.5 L of peripheral blood in an affordable way to enable high-volume CTC-based liquid biopsies.
Nucleotide-binding sites can enhance N-acylation of nearby protein lysine residues
Authors: James Andrew M. , Smith Anthony C. , Ding Shujing , Houghton Jack W. , Robinson Alan J. , Antrobus Robin , Fearnley Ian M. , Murphy Michael P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAcyl-CoAs are reactive metabolites that can non-enzymatically S-acylate and N-acylate protein cysteine and lysine residues, respectively. N-acylation is irreversible and enhanced if a nearby cysteine residue undergoes an initial reversible S-acylation, as proximity leads to rapid S → N-transfer of the acyl moiety. We reasoned that protein-bound acyl-CoA could also facilitate S → N-transfer of acyl groups to proximal lysine residues. Furthermore, as CoA contains an ADP backbone this may extend beyond CoA-binding sites and include abundant Rossmann-fold motifs that bind the ADP moiety of NADH, NADPH, FADH and ATP. Here, we show that excess nucleotides decrease protein lysine N-acetylation in vitro. Furthermore, by generating modelled structures of proteins N-acetylated in mouse liver, we show that proximity to a nucleotide-binding site increases the risk of N-acetylation and identify where nucleotide binding could enhance N-acylation in vivo. Finally, using glutamate dehydrogenase as a case study, we observe increased in vitro lysine N-malonylation by malonyl-CoA near nucleotide-binding sites which overlaps with in vivo N-acetylation and N-succinylation. Furthermore, excess NADPH, GTP and ADP greatly diminish N-malonylation near their nucleotide-binding sites, but not at distant lysine residues. Thus, lysine N-acylation by acyl-CoAs is enhanced by nucleotide-binding sites and may contribute to higher stoichiometry protein N-acylation in vivo.
Unique maternal immune and functional microbial profiles during prenatal stress
Authors: Antonson Adrienne M. , Evans Morgan V. , Galley Jeffrey D. , Chen Helen J. , Rajasekera Therese A. , Lammers Sydney M. , Hale Vanessa L. , Bailey Michael T. , Gur Tamar L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMaternal stress during pregnancy is widespread and is associated with poor offspring outcomes, including long-term mental health issues. Prenatal stress-induced fetal neuroinflammation is thought to underlie aberrant neurodevelopment and to derive from a disruption in intrauterine immune homeostasis, though the exact origins are incompletely defined. We aimed to identify divergent immune and microbial metagenome profiles of stressed gestating mice that may trigger detrimental inflammatory signaling at the maternal–fetal interface. In response to stress, maternal glucocorticoid circuit activation corresponded with indicators of systemic immunosuppression. At the maternal–fetal interface, density of placental mononuclear leukocytes decreased with stress, yet maternal whole blood leukocyte analysis indicated monocytosis and classical M1 phenotypic shifts. Genome-resolved microbial metagenomic analyses revealed reductions in genes, microbial strains, and metabolic pathways in stressed dams that are primarily associated with pro-inflammatory function. In particular, disrupted Parasutterella excrementihominis appears to be integral to inflammatory and metabolic dysregulation during prenatal stress. Overall, these perturbations in maternal immunological and microbial regulation during pregnancy may displace immune equilibrium at the maternal–fetal interface. Notably, the absence of and reduction in overt maternal inflammation during stress indicates that the signaling patterns driving fetal outcomes in this context are more nuanced and complex than originally anticipated.
Single-cell analysis of autophagy activity in normal and de novo transformed human mammary cells
Authors: Lefort Sylvain , Balani Sneha , Pellacani Davide , Guyot Boris , Gorski Sharon M. , Maguer-Satta Véronique , Eaves Connie J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAssessment of autophagy activity has historically been limited to investigations of fixed tissue or bulk cell populations. To address questions of heterogeneity and relate measurements to functional properties of viable cells isolated from primary tissue, we created a lentiviral (RFP-GFP-MAP1LC3B) vector that allows the autophagosome and autolysosome content of transduced cells to be monitored at the single-cell level. Use of this strategy to analyze purified subsets of normal human mammary cells showed that both the luminal progenitor-containing (LP) subset and the basal cells (BCs) display highly variable but overall similar autophagic flux activity despite differences suggested by measurements of the proteins responsible (i.e., LC3B, ATG7 and BECLIN1) in bulk lysates. Autophagosome content was also highly variable in the clonogenic cells within both the LPs and BCs, but the proliferative response of the BCs was more sensitive to autophagy inhibition. In addition, use of this vector showed cells with the lowest autophagosome content elicited the fastest tumor growth in 2 different models of human mammary tumorigenesis. These results illustrate the utility of this vector to define differences in the autophagy properties of individual cells in primary tissue and couple these with their responses to proliferative and oncogenic stimuli.
Glial granules contain germline proteins in the Drosophila brain, which regulate brain transcriptome
Authors: Tindell Samuel J. , Rouchka Eric C. , Arkov Alexey L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMembraneless RNA-protein granules play important roles in many different cell types and organisms. In particular, granules found in germ cells have been used as a paradigm to study large and dynamic granules. These germ granules contain RNA and proteins required for germline development. Here, we unexpectedly identify large granules in specific subtypes of glial cells (“glial granules”) of the adult Drosophila brain which contain polypeptides with previously characterized roles in germ cells including scaffold Tudor, Vasa, Polar granule component and Piwi family proteins. Interestingly, our super-resolution microscopy analysis shows that in the glial granules, these proteins form distinct partially overlapping clusters. Furthermore, we show that glial granule scaffold protein Tudor functions in silencing of transposable elements and in small regulatory piRNA biogenesis. Remarkably, our data indicate that the adult brain contains a small population of cells, which express both neuroblast and germ cell proteins. These distinct cells are evolutionarily conserved and expand during aging suggesting the existence of age-dependent signaling. Our work uncovers previously unknown glial granules and indicates the involvement of their components in the regulation of brain transcriptome.
Impact analysis of recovery ramp rate after momentary cessation in inverter‐based distributed generators on power system transient stability
Authors: Kang Sungwoo , Shin Heewon , Jang Gilsoo , Lee Byongjun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe global increase in the use of solar photovoltaics and wind turbines has led to a rapid increase in the penetration level of inverter‐based distributed generators (IBDGs). Until recently, the operation modes of IBDGs under abnormal power system conditions were not a major concern owing to the small number of IBDGs used in power systems. However, several events have indicated that the momentary cessation (MC) mode of an IBDG can eventually deteriorate the stability of power systems. Among the various parameters that define the MC mode, the direct impact of the MC recovery ramp rate on the transient stability of the power system has been addressed by computing the stability margin based on a single machine equivalent method. Furthermore, this paper introduces the critical momentary cessation recovery ramp rate for a specific system, which can be used as an important index in the planning of an IBDG installation. Case studies on modified IEEE 39 bus system and Korean power system were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Long short‐term memory based anomaly detection: A case study of China railway passenger ticketing system
Authors: Xie Ze , Zhu Jiansheng , Wang Fuzhang , Li Wen , Wang Tuo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractData on the network traffic of the railway passenger ticketing system in China are important records that reflect the service status. In this paper, a neural network algorithm based on long short‐term memory using a pre‐wavelet, called the pre‐wavelet long short term memory (PWLSTM), is used that can predict network traffic and forecast its trends over time, with the aim of strengthening anomaly detection in China's railway passenger ticketing service. The proposed algorithm explores the historical regularity and mutation of the data by extracting detailed as well as approximate information on the network traffic. In tests, the results of prediction of the PWLSTM are consistent with long‐ and short‐term regularities in dependencies formed due to the railway passenger ticket‐selling time rule. This verifies that the PWLSTM is suitable for analysing data on China's railway passenger ticketing service. It also records a higher accuracy of prediction than autoregressive models and the LSTM. The PWLSTM is tested by forecasting abnormal network traffic with service anomalies. In the anomaly interval, it is able to detect anomalous points and the prediction results indicate that PWLSTM is a new feasible strategy for passenger ticket service early warning.
Flexible carbon monoxide sensor for environmental detection of small‐scale robot
Authors: Zhang Fuzheng , Lin Qijing , Wang Zuowei , Zhao Libo , Han Feng , Yang Ping , Jiang Zhuangde 
Published: November 2020

With the advancement and development of science and technology, the detection role of small‐scale robot has become increasingly prominent, especially for environmental detection in hazardous situations such as explosion and fire. In this study, to realise the detection of carbon monoxide gas in hazardous locations, a flexible carbon monoxide sensor consisting of polyimide, interdigital electrode, and composite film is proposed and designed, which has the advantages of simple structure, high sensitivity, good flexibility, and low cost. For the interdigital electrode, the distance between the electrodes and the width of the electrode is both 50 μm, and the sizes of the polyimide substrate and the electrode area are 1.5 × 4 cm2 and 1 × 1 cm2, respectively. The composite film is made by mixing single‐walled carbon nanotubes and platinum powders. The test results show that the sensitivity of the sensor is 0.0201 Ω/ppm in the range of 0–100 ppm at room temperature with a linear fit of 94.63%.
1D atmospheric study of the temperate sub-Neptune K2-18b
Authors: Blain D. , Charnay B. , Bézard B. 
Published: November 2020

Context.The atmospheric composition of exoplanets with masses between 2 and 10M⊕is poorly understood. In that regard, the sub-Neptune K2-18b, which is subject to Earth-like stellar irradiation, offers a valuable opportunity for the characterisation of such atmospheres. Previous analyses of its transmission spectrum from theKepler,Hubble(HST), andSpitzerspace telescopes data using both retrieval algorithms and forward-modelling suggest the presence of H2O and an H2–He atmosphere, but have not detected other gases, such as CH4.Aims.We present simulations of the atmosphere of K2-18 b using Exo-REM, our self-consistent 1D radiative-equilibrium model, using a large grid of atmospheric parameters to infer constraints on its chemical composition.Methods.We compared the transmission spectra computed by our model with the above-mentioned data (0.4–5μm), assuming an H2–He dominated atmosphere. We investigated the effects of irradiation, eddy diffusion coefficient, internal temperature, clouds, C/O ratio, and metallicity on the atmospheric structure and transit spectrum.Results.We show that our simulations favour atmospheric metallicities between 40 and 500 times solar and indicate, in some cases, the formation of H2O-ice clouds, but not liquid H2O clouds. We also confirm the findings of our previous study, which showed that CH4absorption features nominally dominate the transmission spectrum in the HST spectral range. We compare our results with results from retrieval algorithms and find that the H2O-dominated spectrum interpretation is either due to the omission of CH4absorptions or a strong overfitting of the data. Finally, we investigated different scenarios that would allow for a CH4-depleted atmosphere. We were able to fit the data to those scenarios, finding, however, that it is very unlikely for K2-18b to have a high internal temperature. A low C/O ratio (≈0.01–0.1) allows for H2O to dominate the transmission spectrum and can fit the data but so far, this set-up lacks a physical explanation. Simulations with a C/O ratio <0.01 are not able to fit the data satisfactorily.
Lung Cancer Screening by Low-Dose Computed Tomography: Part 2 – Key Elements for Programmatic Implementation of Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: Delorme Stefan , Kaaks Rudolf 
Published: November 2020

Purpose For screening with low-dose CT (LDCT) to be effective, the benefits must outweigh the potential risks. In large lung cancer screening studies, a mortality reduction of approx. 20 % has been reported, which requires several organizational elements to be achieved in practice.
Materials and Methods The elements to be set up are an effective invitation strategy, uniform and quality-assured assessment criteria, and computer-assisted evaluation tools resulting in a nodule management algorithm to assign each nodule the needed workup intensity. For patients with confirmed lung cancer, immediate counseling and guideline-compliant treatment in tightly integrated regional expert centers with expert skills are required. First, pulmonology contacts as well as CT facilities should be available in the participant’s neighborhood. IT infrastructure, linkage to clinical cancer registries, quality management as well as epidemiologic surveillance are also required.
Results An effective organization of screening will result in an articulated structure of both widely distributed pulmonology offices as the participants’ primary contacts and CT facilities as well as central expert facilities for supervision of screening activities, individual clarification of suspicious findings, and treatment of proven cancer.
Conclusion In order to ensure that the benefits of screening more than outweigh the potential harms and that it will be accepted by the public, a tightly organized structure is needed to ensure wide availability of pulmonologists as first contacts and CT facilities with expert skills and high-level equipment concentrated in central facilities.
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