bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of circulating microRNAs in thyroid carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Shi‐Lin , Tian Yu‐Yang , Zhou Ying , Liu Li‐Qiao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and objectiveThyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine system tumour. Several studies had revealed the potential of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of TC. The purpose of this meta‐analysis is to summarize published studies and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of circulating miRNAs in TC detection.MethodsIn this meta‐analysis, we systematically searched three databases: PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. We used the bivariate mixed‐effects regression model to calculate the pooled diagnostic parameters and conduct the summary receiver operator characteristic curve (SROC). All calculations were performed using stata software.ResultsThirty‐five studies from 9 articles, including 663 TC patients, 519 patients with benign thyroid nodules (BTNs), and 84 healthy controls were included in this meta‐analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and area under the SROC curve (AUC) were 0.81 (95% CI 0.75‐0.86), 0.81 (95% CI 0.75‐0.86), 4.3 (95% CI 3.2‐5.6), 0.24 (95% CI 0.18‐0.31), 18 (95% CI 12‐28) and 0.88 (95% CI 0.85‐0.90), respectively in BTN controls, and 0.81 (95% CI 0.75‐0.86), 0.85 (95% CI 0.75‐0.91), 5.3 (95% CI 3.3‐8.7), 0.23 (95% CI 0.18‐0.29), 24 (95% CI 14‐39), 0.89 (95% CI 0.86‐0.91) in healthy controls. The subgroup analysis found that multiple miRNA assays had higher diagnostic accuracy than single miRNA assays with sensitivity of 0.88, specificity of 0.89 and AUC of 0.94.ConclusionCirculating miRNAs have good values to diagnose TC and distinguish TC patients from BTN patients. MiRNAs can assist in the diagnosis of malignancy and avoid unnecessary surgery. In summary, circulating miRNAs should be added to our current clinical tools.
GREB1L variants in familial and sporadic hereditary urogenital adysplasia and Mayer‐Rokitansky‐Kuster‐Hauser syndrome
Authors: Jacquinet Adeline , Boujemla Bouchra , Fasquelle Corinne , Thiry Jerôme , Josse Claire , Lumaka Aimé , Brischoux‐Boucher Elise , Dubourg Christèle , David Véronique , Pasquier Laurent , Lehman Anna , Morcel Karine , Guerrier Daniel , Bours Vincent 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCongenital uterine anomalies (CUA) may have major impacts on the health and social well‐being of affected individuals. Their expressivity is variable, with the most severe end of the spectrum being the absence of any fully or unilaterally developed uterus (aplastic uterus), which is a major feature in Mayer‐Rokitansky‐Kuster‐Hauser syndrome (MRKH). So far, etiologies of CUA remain largely unknown. As reports of familial occurrences argue for strong genetic contributors in some cases, we performed whole exome sequencing in nine multiplex families with recurrence of uterine and kidney malformations, a condition called hereditary urogenital adysplasia. Heterozygous likely causative variants in the gene GREB1L were identified in four of these families, confirming GREB1L as an important gene for proper uterine and kidney development. The apparent mode of inheritance was autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance. The four families included fetuses with uterovaginal aplasia and bilateral renal agenesis, highlighting the importance to investigate GREB1L in such phenotypes. Subsequent sequencing of the gene in a cohort of 68 individuals with MRKH syndrome or uterine malformation (mostly sporadic cases) identified six additional variants of unknown significance. We therefore conclude that heterozygous GREB1L variants contribute to MRKH syndrome and this probably requires additional genetic or environmental factors for full penetrance.
Introducing a trauma‐informed capability approach in youth services
Authors: Hickle Kristine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTrauma‐informed practice has been developing for decades, though much remains unknown regarding how it is understood and practised. Drawing upon focus group data from an evaluation of a trauma‐informed approach (TIA) implemented by an organisation in Southeast England, this paper provides a unique perspective of 31 staff members and 18 young people. Results indicate how choice and control, key elements of a TIA, align with the Capability Approach (CA). The CA is then used as a novel analytic framework to examine the data. A ‘Trauma‐Informed Capabilities Approach’ is introduced as a holistic, person‐centred way of conceptualising young trauma survivors' well‐being.
Histopathological analysis of biopsies of “peri‐implant inflammatory lesions.” Everything is not what it seems
Authors: Sotorra‐Figuerola Didac , Lafuente‐Ibáñez de Mendoza Irene , Parra‐Pérez Carmen , Aguirre‐Urizar José Manuel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeri‐implantitis is the inflammatory process, which most commonly affects the therapy with dental implants. However, there are other reactive and neoplastic entities, mainly benign but also malignant, which also take place in the peri‐implant mucosa. There is little information about the histopathological analysis of these peri‐implant inflammatory diseases.PurposeTo analyze the histopathological diagnosis of biopsies located in the peri‐implant mucosa that showed an inflammatory clinical appearance.Materials and MethodsWe have made a retrospective study of 111 peri‐implant biopsies analyzed in the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Unit of the Dental Clinic Service at the University of the Basque Country, from January 2001 to December 2018. These samples corresponded to 84 women and 27 men, whose mean age was 59 years. We performed a standard histological processing with paraffin embedding, and sections were stained with H&E and PAS. All cases were analyzed following a specific diagnostic histopathological protocol. A descriptive statistical analysis was carried out with the obtained data.ResultsLesions located in the mandible (64.8%) were more frequent and 34.2% of the biopsies arrived without a presumptive clinical diagnosis. “Inflammatory peri‐implant lesion” or peri‐implantitis was the most common clinical diagnosis. Histopathologically, the majority of the lesions were peri‐implant nonspecific inflammatory hyperplasia (60.3%), followed by peripheral giant cell granuloma (18.1%), pyogenic granuloma (lobular capillary hemangioma) (14.4%), actinomicotic infection (3.6%), and squamous cell carcinoma (3.6%). Individually, peri‐implant lesions were more common among women and in the mandible, except for actinomicotic infection and squamous cell carcinoma.ConclusionsAn important percentage of cases whose initial presumptive clinical diagnosis was “peri‐implant inflammatory lesion” truly corresponded to other reactive and neoplastic processes. Thus, it is key to always submit all the tissue removed during the implant surgery, in order to perform a good histopathological study and achieve the correct final diagnosis.
Abnormal dynamic functional connectivity in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Gu Yue , Lin Ying , Huang Liangliang , Ma Junji , Zhang Jinbo , Xiao Yu , Dai Zhengjia ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Previous studies have demonstrated abnormalities in functional connectivity (FC) of AD under the assumption that FC is stationary during scanning. However, studies on the FC dynamics of AD, which may provide more insightful perspectives in understanding the neural mechanisms of AD, remain largely unknown.MethodsCombining the sliding‐window approach and the k‐means algorithm, we identified three reoccurring dynamic FC states from resting‐state fMRI data of 26 AD and 26 healthy controls. The between‐group differences both in FC states and in regional temporal variability were calculated, followed by a correlation analysis of these differences with cognitive performances of AD patients.ResultsWe identified three reoccurring FC states and found abnormal FC mainly in the frontal and temporal cortices. The temporal properties of FC states were changed in AD as characterized by decreased dwell time in State I and increased dwell time in State II. Besides, we found decreased regional temporal variability mainly in the somatomotor, temporal and parietal regions. Disrupted dynamic FC was significantly correlated with cognitive performances of AD patients.ConclusionOur findings suggest abnormal dynamic FC in AD patients, which provides novel insights for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of AD.
Signaling via earnings downgrades: How reputational concerns shape analyst responses to corporate fraud?
Authors: He Lerong , Conyon Martin J. , Chen Jing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractResearch Question/IssueThis study examines reactions of financial analysts to the disclosure of corporate fraud. We posit that analysts downgrade earnings forecasts of fraudulent firms after fraud disclosure to signal their quality and integrity. We explore how internal and external contingencies shape analysts' reputational concerns, influence their motivation to signal via earnings downgrades, and consequently affect their responses to corporate fraud.Research Findings/InsightsUsing longitudinal data on Chinese publicly traded firms between 2002 and 2013 and employing a difference‐in‐differences design, this study documents that financial analysts significantly lower their earnings estimates of fraudulent firms after fraud disclosure compared with the control group of non‐fraudulent firms. In addition, post‐disclosure earnings downgrades are larger for more experienced analysts, for analysts following firms with stronger analyst coverage, and after the revision of the professional ethics code for analysts.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThis study provides empirical support to signaling theory. We show that earnings downgrades of fraudulent firms may serve as a signal for financial analysts to indicate their quality and integrity. We document that analysts' motivation to signal via earnings downgrades is influenced by their reputational concerns, which are moderated by their career experience, peer pressure, professional norm, and social expectations.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis study offers insights to policy makers on how a professional labor market and codes of ethics could serve as disciplinary mechanisms to strengthen the external governance role of financial analysts.
The utility of the oxygen pulse recovery as a marker of the cardiac output response to exercise in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Spee Ruud F. , Niemeijer Victor M. , Thijssen Carlijn G. E. , Hoogeveen Adwin , Wijn Pieter F. F. , Doevendans Pieter A. , Kemps Hareld M. C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeThe cardiac output (CO) response to exercise is a useful marker to grade the prognosis and severity of chronic heart failure (CHF). The recovery of the oxygen pulse (OP) is a non‐invasive parameter, which is related to exercise capacity in cardiac patients. However, the relation between OP recovery and the central haemodynamic response to exercise remains to be determined. We hypothesized that an impaired OP recovery is associated with a reduced CO response to exercise in CHF patients.MethodsSixty one CHF patients performed cardiopulmonary exercise test with simultaneous measurement of CO. Impaired OP recovery was defined as an overshoot during the first minute of recovery or OP at 1‐min recovery as a percentage of peak OP (OPRR).ResultsAn OP overshoot was observed in 9% (n = 5) of patients. In these patients, peak CO and VO2 were significantly lower (peak CO 7.9 ± 0.8 versus 11.2 ± 4.3 L/min and peak VO2 14.1 ± 4.7 versus 19.6 ± 5.8 ml min−1 kg−1). Mean relative recovery of OP was 78 ± 20%. Slow OP recovery (negative OPRR) was seen in 13% (n = 8). Peak CO and VO2 were significantly lower in the negative OPRR group (11 ± 4 versus 8 ± 0.7 L/min and 19.7 ± 5.9 versus 14.6 ± 3.7 ml kg min−1). There was a significant relation between OPRR and stroke volume (SV) RR (r = .57), as well as between OPRR and a‐v O2 diff RR (rs = .4).ConclusionAn impaired OP recovery is associated with a reduced CO response to exercise and worse functional status. Therefore, the OP recovery can be used to grade the severity of CHF.
Improving scientific impact: How to practice science that influences environmental policy and management
Authors: Fisher Jonathan R. B. , Wood Stephen A. , Bradford Mark A. , Kelsey Thomas Rodd 
Published: May 2020

AbstractScientists devote substantial time and resources to research intended to help solve environmental problems. Environmental managers and policymakers must decide how to use the best available research evidence to prioritize actions leading to desired environmental outcomes. Yet decision‐makers can face barriers to using scientific evidence to inform action. They may be unaware of the evidence, lack access to it, not understand it, or view it as irrelevant. These barriers mean a valuable resource (evidence) is underused. We outline a set of practical steps for scientists who want to improve the impact their research has on decision‐making: (a) identify and understand the audience; (b) clarify the need for evidence; (c) gather “just enough” evidence; and (d) share and discuss the evidence. These are guidelines, not a strict recipe for success. But, we believe that regularly following these recommendations should increase the chance of scientific evidence being considered and used in environmental decision‐making. Our goal is for this article to be accessible to anyone, rather than a comprehensive review of the topic.
Childhood social environmental and behavioural predictors of early adolescent onset cannabis use
Authors: Scholes‐Balog Kirsty E. , Hemphill Sheryl A. , Heerde Jessica A. , Toumbourou John W. , Patton George C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThis study prospectively investigates behavioural and social antecedents of different patterns of adolescent cannabis use, specifically, early adolescent onset cannabis use and late onset occasional use.Design and MethodsThe sample comprised 852 adolescents (53% female) drawn from the Australian arm of the International Youth Development Study. Data were collected via self‐report surveys. Risk and protective factors from a modified version of the Communities That Care youth survey were measured in fifth grade (mean [M] = 10.9 years, SD = 0.4). Frequency of cannabis use was measured at six time‐points throughout adolescence (ages 12–19 years).ResultsEarly adolescent onset cannabis use (10.7% of the sample [n = 91]) was predicted by childhood family‐related factors including poor family management, family history of antisocial behaviour and attachment to parents. Cigarette use and drinking until drunk were the strongest predictors of early adolescent onset cannabis use. Cumulative risks associated with community, family, peer/individual environments and early substance use (cigarettes, alcohol) in childhood were predictive of early adolescent onset cannabis use (e.g. relative risk ratio = 2.64; 95% confidence interval 1.40–4.97 for early substance use). Family and early substance use‐related cumulative risks were predictive of late adolescent onset occasional cannabis use (n = 231; 27%). Cumulative early substance use risk was the strongest independent predictor of both early adolescent onset and late adolescent onset occasional cannabis use.Discussion and ConclusionsPrimary prevention efforts should focus on reducing exposure and access to licit substances during late childhood and delaying the onset of use. Prevention and intervention targeted toward the family environment also appears likely to be important in the prevention of early adolescent onset cannabis use.
Vitamin D and the insulin‐like growth factor system: Implications for colorectal neoplasia
Authors: Ciulei George , Orasan Olga Hilda , Coste Sorina Cezara , Cozma Angela , Negrean Vasile , Procopciuc Lucia Maria 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEpidemiological studies have strongly associated lower levels of vitamin D and its metabolites with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The action of calcitriol, the active metabolite of vitamin D, is mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR) that is present in most tissues. In advanced CRC, VDR expression is lowered. Calcitriol has several antineoplastic effects in CRC: it promotes the G1‐phase cycle arrest, lowers vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) synthesis and acts on tumour stromal fibroblasts to limit cell migration and angiogenesis. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of CRC. IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐3 have been the most studied components of the IGF system. Only 1% of the total serum IGF‐1 is free and bioactive, and 80% of it binds to IGFBP‐3. IGF‐1 and its receptor IGF‐1R are known to induce cell proliferation. Both IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐3 can favour angiogenesis by increasing the transcription of the VEGF gene. A high serum IGF‐1/IGFBP‐3 ratio is associated with increased risk for CRC. VDR is a transcription factor for the IGFBP‐3 gene, and IGF‐1 can increase calcitriol synthesis. Studies examining the effect of vitamin D treatment on serum IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐3 have not been in agreement since different populations, dosages and intervention periods have been used. New vitamin D treatment studies that examine CRC should take in account confounding factors such as obesity or VDR genotypes.
Single unit and beta oscillatory activities in subthalamic nucleus are modulated during visual choice preference
Authors: Al‐Ozzi Tameem M. , Botero-Posada Luis F. , Lopez Rios Adriana L. , Hutchison William D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractParkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease affecting the supply of dopamine to basal ganglia nuclei, leading to pathological beta band (13–35 Hz) oscillations in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). STN and beta activity are recognized in motoric functions but their role in cognitive functions remains elusive. We examined single unit and beta local field potential (LFP) activity in the STN during a visual choice preference task in PD patients (n = 12) undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery. Patients viewed 2 of 5 possible animal picture‐pairs and were instructed to choose their favorite (“fav”) picture by clicking the left or right mouse key. A block of trials consisted of 50–75 picture‐pair presentations. Single unit histograms and LFP spectrograms were aligned to picture presentation and point of decision for pairs that included the fav and non‐fav pictures, respectively. A total of 58 neurons from 26 blocks of trials were analyzed. Thirty of 58 neurons showed a selective change in spiking activity 0.20–0.65 s to fav picture presentation, which preceded the shortest recorded reaction time (=0.7 s), and 17/58 neurons showed no significant response in our task. Beta LFP significantly desynchronized in response to fav but not non‐fav pictures in all trials, and in 14/26 blocks of trials, the desynchronization was followed by a “beta burst” and ramp‐up to baseline activity. Neurons with choice preference responses were found throughout the dorsoventral extent of the STN. STN single units and beta activity are modulated during visual choice preference, and this suggests a role for STN beta activity in cognitive processing.
Predicting below‐surface horizontal pore gas velocity in porous media from above‐surface wind conditions and medium gas permeability
Authors: Poulsen Tjalfe , Yuan Yue 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBelow‐surface horizontal pore gas velocity profiles in response to above‐surface wind conditions were measured for 16 combinations of wind speed (1.4–5.7 ms−1) and wind gust frequency (0–1 Hz) in four porous media with different particle size (0.6–10 mm), yielding 64 combinations of wind condition and porous medium using a recently developed experimental gas tracer tracking method. Experiments were carried out under controlled conditions in a wind tunnel. Gusty wind conditions were created using a wind‐driven propeller operating at variable rotation frequencies. A recently presented empirical model for predicting horizontal pore gas velocity in porous media in response to above‐surface wind conditions was validated against the experimental data. The model uses one empirical parameter (B) together with the wind speed at the surface as input parameters. Further analyses were carried out to identify relations between B, above‐surface wind conditions and porous medium properties. Results indicate that it is possible to accurately estimate B and thus predict below‐surface pore gas velocity profiles based on porous medium properties and surface wind speed. B was found inversely proportional to above‐surface wind speed, porous medium particle diameter and porous medium gas permeability, all in a linear manner.Highlights
Horizontal pore gas velocity profiles measured for 64 porous medium–wind speed combinations
Recent two‐parameter empirical model for pore gas velocity evaluated using the experimental data
Model accurately approximated experimental pore gas velocity data.
Model parameters could be predicted from medium gas permeability and above‐surface wind speed
The seventh macronutrient: how sodium shortfall ramifies through populations, food webs and ecosystems
Authors: Kaspari Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOf the 25 elements required to build most organisms, sodium has a unique set of characteristics that ramify through terrestrial ecology. In plants, sodium is found in low concentrations and has little metabolic function; in plant consumers, particularly animals, sodium is essential to running costly Na‐K ATPases. Here I synthesise a diverse literature from physiology, agronomy and ecology, towards identifying sodium’s place as the ‘7th macronutrient’, one whose shortfall targets two trophic levels – herbivores and detritivores. I propose that sodium also plays a central, though unheralded role in herbivore digestion, via its importance to maintaining microbiomes and denaturing tannins. I highlight how sodium availability is a key determinant of consumer abundance and the geography of herbivory and detritivory. And I propose a re‐appraisal of the assumption that, because sodium is metabolically unimportant to most plants, it is of little use. Instead, I suggest that sodium’s critical role in limiting herbivore performance makes it a commodity used by plants to manipulate their herbivores and mutualists, and by consumers like bison and elephants to generate grazing lawns: dependable sources of sodium.