bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shining with the Stars? Unearthing how group star proportion shapes non‐star performance
Authors: Call Matthew L. , Campbell Elizabeth M. , Dunford Benjamin B. , Boswell Wendy R. , Boss R. Wayne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOrganizations grapple with how to position and manage star employees within and across workgroups. One critical question not yet well understood is how to optimize the influence of stars on non‐stars and specifically whether to concentrate together or spread out stars across workgroups. Furthermore, we lack knowledge of who is more likely to benefit from stars. To that end, we develop a theoretical model that introduces a new unit‐level concept—group star proportion (GSP)—to progress understanding of how the staffing of stars, within and across workgroups, influences non‐star performance. Invoking theories of vicarious learning, we explicate why GSP has a curvilinear relationship with non‐star performance. Specifically, GSP positively relates to non‐star performance up to a point at which there are diminishing returns. In Study 1, we tested these predictions in a field dataset in a healthcare system. In Study 2, we replicated these findings in a commercial real estate firm and expanded understanding of how GSP may serve as a cross‐level moderator of non‐star performance and two critical individual differences germane to learning: non‐star tenure and trait negative affect. Findings offer theoretical and practical insights into how stars might be of most benefit to their non‐star peers.
Efficacy of intraoperative cine‐portogram for complicated portal vein reconstruction in pediatric living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Uchida Hajime , Sakamoto Seisuke , Shimizu Seiichi , Takeda Masahiro , Yanagi Yusuke , Fukuda Akinari , Abdelwahed Mohamed Sami , Miyazaki Osamu , Nosaka Shunsuke , Kasahara Mureo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSufficient PV flow is necessary to achieve successful PV reconstruction in pediatric LDLT. IOCP can be used to assess the severity of PV stenosis and to identify potential portosystemic collateral pathways. The present study reviewed the utility of IOCP and the outcomes of patients who underwent assessment with an IOCP. Consecutive primary LDLTs were performed in 488 pediatric recipients between November 2005 and October 2019. IOCP was used in patients who were unable to achieve sufficient PV flow after the ligation of collaterals. In total, 11 patients underwent IOCP to assess potential portosystemic collateral pathways. The median age and body weight was 8 months (IQR, 6‐11 months) and 6.6 kg (IQR, 5.7‐8.9 kg), respectively. The reasons for using the IOCP were recurrent PV thrombus in seven patients and insufficient PV flow in four patients. IOCP revealed remaining collaterals in six patients and residual hypoplastic PV in eight patients. Two patients required additional interruption of the potential collaterals under IOCP, which were unable to be recognized as a dominant portosystemic collateral pathway on preoperative imaging. All eight patients with residual hypoplastic PV required vein graft interposition for the complete removal of the hypoplastic PV. All the patients are currently doing well with a median follow‐up period of 4.9 years (IQR, 2.2‐5.6 years). IOCP can be an effective tool for precisely detecting occult portosystemic collateral pathways and for assessing the patency of the PV anastomosis in pediatric LDLT.
Alterations in biochemical profiles and reproduction performance in postpartum dairy cows with metritis
Authors: Paiano Renan Braga , Birgel Daniela Becker , Bonilla Jeannine , Birgel Junior Eduardo Harry 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the biochemical profile and reproductive performance in postpartum dairy cows with clinical metritis. The research was carried out using performed on 213 pluriparous lactating cows from two dairy herds in southeast Brazil. Dairy cows were assigned into a group of healthy cows (n = 147) and cows with metritis (n = 66). Blood samples to assess serum albumin, cholesterol, fibrinogen, calcium, gamma‐glutammyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations were performed on day 8 ± 2 postpartum. Metritic cows had lower (p < .05) serum albumin, cholesterol and calcium concentration, and higher (p < .05) GGT and AST activity, and BHBA and fibrinogen concentrations when compared to the healthy group. The calving‐to‐conception interval and services per pregnancy were higher in metritic cows (p < .01) than in healthy cows and the conception rate at first service was lower in metric group (p < .01). Variable importance in projection plots demonstrated that cholesterol was the main discriminator between metritic and healthy cows. Our results indicated alterations in the biochemical profile and impaired reproduction performance in metritic cows.
Trade‐Induced Job Loss and Support for Free Trade
Authors: Lukinovich Hannah , Nurullayev Dmitriy , Garand James C. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveIn this paper we consider the possible effects of contextual economic conditions (i.e., job losses attributed to trade, general unemployment) and subjective economic evaluations on how Americans think about international trade.MethodsWe use data from the 2016 Voter Study Group survey and from the 2016 American National Election Study, and we supplement these survey data with data on state contextual variables from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and from the Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) program of the U.S. Department of Labor.ResultsWe find that state job losses linked to trade have discernible effects on Americans' attitudes toward trade, as do subjective economic evaluations tied to confidence and anxiety about the economy.ConclusionSimply, (trade‐related) economic context has a strong effect on how Americans think about expanded and free trade.
Sex differences in soleus muscle H‐reflex and V‐wave excitability
Authors: Mendonca Goncalo V. , Pezarat‐Correia Pedro , Gonçalves André D. , Gomes Miguel , Correia Joana M. , Vila‐Chã Carolina 
Published: September 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
How do H‐reflex and V‐wave excitability compare between men and women engaging in similar levels of physical activity?

What is the main finding and its importance?
H‐reflex excitability is lower in women than in men because of their greater level of antagonist co‐activation during sustained plantar flexion isometric exercise. In addition, supraspinal drive is similar between men and women independently of their differences in H‐reflex excitability and antagonist muscle co‐activation.

AbstractWe compared H‐reflex and V‐wave excitability between men and women engaging in similar levels of physical activity. We also explored whether differences in antagonist muscle co‐activation between sexes might partially explain sexual dimorphism in the excitability of the H‐reflex and V‐wave. Fifty‐seven young participants were included (29 men: 21.7 ± 2.3 years; 28 women: 22.4 ± 3.3 years). Soleus M‐ and H‐recruitment curves were constructed on a tonic background muscle activation. V‐waves were elicited during maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Besides being stronger than women, men achieved greater Hmax/Mmax values and presented a steeper slope of the ascending limb of the H‐reflex recruitment curve (P < 0.05). The current intensity required to elicit Hmax was lower for men (P < 0.05). The co‐activation of the tibialis anterior muscle during the sustained plantar flexions was greater in women (ratio between tibialis and soleus normalized EMG: 20.5 vs. 8.3%, P < 0.05). Covariance analysis showed that sexual dimorphism in H‐reflex excitability was dissipated when controlling for antagonist co‐activation. V‐wave normalized amplitude was similar between sexes even after controlling for the effects of Hmax/Mmax and antagonist co‐activation as covariates. Thus, women exhibit lower H‐reflex excitability than men and this is dependent on their higher level of antagonist muscle co‐activation. While sex differences in antagonist co‐activation persist during MVCs, this is not the case for V‐wave normalized amplitude. Thus, although the efficacy of the transmission between Ia afferent fibres to α‐motoneurons is lower in women because of a greater level of antagonist co‐activation, our findings are consistent with similar supraspinal drive between sexes.
Abnormal placental CD8+ T‐cell infiltration is a feature of fetal growth restriction and pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Lager Susanne , Sovio Ulla , Eddershaw Elizabeth , van der Linden Margaretha W. , Yazar Cansu , Cook Emma , Happerfield Lisa , Jessop Flora A. , Sebire Neil J. , Charnock‐Jones D. Stephen , Smith Gordon C. S. 
Published: September 2020

Key points
Placental pathological abnormalities are more frequently observed in complicated pregnancies than in healthy pregnancies.
Infiltration of CD8+ T‐cells into the placental villous tissue occurred in both fetal growth restriction and pre‐eclampsia, whereas CD79α+ B‐cell infiltration was only apparent with reduced fetal growth.
Vascularization, fibrin depositions, macrophage and neutrophil infiltration in the placenta did not differ between healthy and complicated pregnancies.
AbstractFetal growth restriction (FGR) and pre‐eclampsia are severe, adverse pregnancy outcomes. Alterations in placental histology are frequently reported in these pregnancy complications and are often based upon scoring by pathologists. However, many alterations are also observed in placenta from uncomplicated pregnancies. Moreover, knowledge of disease state may bias assessment. We sought to perform an objective comparison of placental microscopic appearance in normal and complicated pregnancies. Placental villous tissue (n = 823) and edge biopsies (n = 488) from 871 individual, singleton pregnancies were collected after delivery. Cases of small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) or pre‐eclampsia were matched with healthy controls. A subset of the SGA cases displayed signs of FGR. Cases of preterm delivery were also included. Tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin or antibodies for CD8, CD14, CD31, CD79α and elastase. Images were scored by two experienced pathologists for pathological features or analysed by image analysis and stereology. Analyses were performed blind to case–control status and gestational age. Volume fraction of T‐cells increased in placentas from pregnancies complicated by pre‐eclampsia (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.46, 95% CI: 1.12–1.90) and FGR (aOR 1.64, 95% CI: 1.11–2.43), whereas B‐cells only increased in FGR (aOR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.05–2.60). Pathological abnormalities in villous tissue were reported in 21.4% (88/411) of complicated pregnancies and 14.3% (52/363) of controls (OR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.12–2.37). There were no differences in the fractions of endothelial cells, fibrin deposition, macrophages and neutrophils when comparing normal and complicated pregnancies. In conclusion, FGR and pre‐eclampsia are associated with T‐cell infiltration of the placenta and placental pathological abnormalities.
Rayleigh-Taylor Instability: A Status Review of Experimental Designs and Measurement Diagnostics
Authors: Banerjee Arindam 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The focus of experiments and the sophistication of diagnostics employed in Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) induced mixing studies have evolved considerably over the past seven decades. The first theoretical analysis by Taylor and the two-dimensional experimental results by Lewis on RTI in 1950 examined single-mode RTI using conventional imaging techniques. Over the next 70 years, several experimental designs have been used to creating an RTI unstable interface between two materials of different densities. These early experiments though innovative, were arduous to diagnose and provided little information on the internal, turbulent structure and initial conditions of the RT mixing layer. Coupled with the availability of high-fidelity diagnostics, the experiments designed and developed in the last three decades allow detailed measurements of various turbulence statistics that have allowed broadly to validate and verify late-time nonlinear models and mix-models for buoyancy-driven flows. Besides, they have provided valuable insights to solve several long-standing disagreements in the field. This review serves as an opportunity to discuss the understanding of the RTI problem and highlight valuable insights gained into the RTI driven mixing process with a focus on low to high Atwood number (&gt;0.1) experiments.
Venus tesserae feature layered, folded, and eroded rocks
Authors: Byrne Paul K. , Ghail Richard C. , Gilmore Martha S. , Şengör A.M. Celâl , Klimczak Christian , Senske David A. , Whitten Jennifer L. , Khawja Sara , Ernst Richard E. , Solomon Sean C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTesserae on Venus are locally the stratigraphically oldest units preserved on the planet. These regions are characterized by pervasive tectonic deformation including normal faults, grabens, thrust faults, and folds. In multiple tesserae, sets of (often highly) curved, parallel linear features are also present. These features strongly resemble terracing in layered volcanic or sedimentary sequences on Earth having arcuate or sinuous outcrop patterns that follow undulating topography. Should this analogy hold for Venus, then these outcrop patterns imply some erosion of the tessera units in which these strata occur; radar-dark materials filling proximal lows might be deposits of that eroded material. This outcrop pattern is seen in geographically dispersed tessera units, so the preservation of layering could be common for this terrain type. If so, then tesserae record the culmination of volcanic and/or sedimentary deposition, folding, and erosion—complex geological histories that should be considered in future studies of this enigmatic terrain.
Online cognitive–behavioural therapy for traumatically bereaved people: study protocol for a randomised waitlist-controlled trial
Authors: Lenferink Lonneke , de Keijser Jos , Eisma Maarten , Smid Geert , Boelen Paul 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionThe traumatic death of a loved one, such as death due to a traffic accident, can precipitate persistent complex bereavement disorder (PCBD) and comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Waitlist-controlled trials have shown that grief-specific cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for such mental health problems. This is the first study that will examine the effectiveness of online CBT (vs waitlist controls) in a sample exclusively comprised of people bereaved by a traumatic death. Our primary hypothesis is that people allocated to the online CBT condition will show larger reductions in PCBD, PTSD and depression symptom levels at post-treatment than people allocated to a waitlist. We further expect that reductions in symptom levels during treatment are associated with reductions of negative cognitions and avoidance behaviours and the experience of fewer accident-related stressors. Moreover, the effect of the quality of the therapeutic alliance on treatment effects and drop-out rates will be explored.Methods and analysisA two-arm (online CBT vs waiting list) open-label parallel randomised controlled trial will be conducted. Participants will complete questionnaires at pretreatment and 12 and 20 weeks after study enrolment. Eligible for participation are Dutch adults who lost a loved one at least 1 year earlier due to a traffic accident and report clinically relevant levels of PCBD, PTSD and/or depression. Multilevel modelling will be used.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been received by the Medical Ethics Review Board of the University Medical Center Groningen (METc UMCG: M20.252121). This study will provide new insights in the effectiveness of online CBT for traumatically bereaved people. If the treatment is demonstrated to be effective, it will be made publicly accessible. Findings will be disseminated among lay people (eg, through newsletters and media performances), our collaborators (eg, through presentations at support organisations), and clinicians and researchers (eg, through conference presentations and scientific journal articles).Trial registration numberNL7497.
How and why a multifaceted intervention to improve adherence post-MI worked for some (and could work better for others): an outcome-driven qualitative process evaluation
Authors: Desveaux Laura , Saragosa Marianne , Russell Kirstie , McCleary Nicola , Presseau Justin , Witteman Holly O , Schwalm J-D , Ivers Noah Michael 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo explore (1) the extent to which a multicomponent intervention addressed determinants of the desired behaviours (ie, adherence to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and cardiovascular medications), (2) the associated mechanism(s) of action and (3) how future interventions might be better designed to meet the needs of this patient population.DesignA qualitative evaluation embedded within a multicentre randomised trial, involving purposive semistructured interviews.SettingNine cardiac centres in Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsPotential participants were stratified according to the trial’s primary outcomes of engagement and adherence, resulting in three groups: (1) engaged, adherence outcome positive, (2) engaged, adherence outcome negative and (3) did not engage, adherence outcome negative. Participants who did not engage but had positive adherence outcomes were excluded. Individual domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework were applied as deductive codes and findings were analysed using a framework approach.ResultsThirty-one participants were interviewed. Participants who were engaged with positive adherence outcomes attributed their success to the intervention’s ability to activate determinants including behavioural regulation and knowledge, which encouraged an increase in self-monitoring behaviour and awareness of available supports, as well as reinforcement and social influences. The behaviour of those with negative adherence outcomes was driven by beliefs about consequences, emotions and identity. As currently designed, the intervention failed to target these determinants for this subset of participants, resulting in partial engagement and poor adherence outcomes.ConclusionThe intervention facilitated CR adherence through reinforcement, behavioural regulation, the provision of knowledge and social influence. To reach a broader and more diverse population, future iterations of the intervention should target aberrant beliefs about consequences, memory and decision-making and emotion.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov registry; NCT02382731
Cohort profile: Oxford Pain, Activity and Lifestyle (OPAL) Study, a prospective cohort study of older adults in England
Authors: Sanchez Santos Maria T , Williamson Esther , Bruce Julie , Ward Lesley , Mallen Christian D , Garrett Angela , Morris Alana , Lamb Sarah E 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe ‘Oxford Pain, Activity and Lifestyle’ (OPAL) Cohort is a longitudinal, prospective cohort study of adults, aged 65 years and older, living in the community which is investigating the determinants of health in later life. Our focus was on musculoskeletal pain and mobility, but the cohort is designed with flexibility to include new elements over time. This paper describes the study design, data collection and baseline characteristics of participants. We also compared the OPAL baseline characteristics with nationally representative data sources.ParticipantsWe randomly selected eligible participants from two stratified age bands (65–74 and 75 and over years). In total, 5409 individuals (42.1% of eligible participants) from 35 general practices in England agreed to participate between 2016 and 2018. The majority of participants (n=5367) also consented for research team to access their UK National Health Service (NHS) Digital and primary healthcare records.Findings to dateMean participant age was 74.9 years (range 65–100); 51.5% (n=2784/5409) were women. 94.9% of participants were white, and 28.8% lived alone. Over 83.0% reported pain in at least one body area in the previous 6 weeks. Musculoskeletal symptoms were more prevalent in women (86.4%). One-third of participants reported having one or more falls in the last year. Most participants were confident in their ability to walk outside. The characteristics of OPAL Cohort participants were broadly similar to the general population of the same age.Future plansPostal follow-up of the cohort is being undertaken at annual intervals, with data collection ongoing. Linkage to NHS hospital admission data is planned. This English prospective cohort offers a large and rich resource for research on the longitudinal associations between demographic, clinical, and social factors and health trajectories and outcomes in community-dwelling older people.
Realist review protocol for understanding the real-world barriers and enablers to practitioners implementing self-management support to people living with and beyond cancer
Authors: Kantilal Kumud , Hardeman Wendy , Whiteside Hattie , Karapanagiotou Eleni , Small Matthew , Bhattacharya Debi 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionSelf-management support can enable and empower people living with and beyond cancer to take an active role in managing long-term consequences of cancer treatment. Healthcare professionals are key to promoting patients to self-manage, however, they do not routinely engage in these discussions. This review aims to understand what works for whom and in what circumstances in relation to practitioners engaging with supporting people living with and beyond cancer to self-manage long-term consequences of systemic anticancer treatment.Methods and analysisWe will follow five steps for undertaking the realist review: (1) define the review scope, (2) develop initial programme theories, (3) evidence search, (4) selection and appraisal and (5) data extraction and synthesis. We will combine an informal literature search with a theory-based approach, using the theoretical domains framework, and stakeholder feedback to develop initial programme theories. We will search Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, ERIC and AMED databases to September 2019, and supplement this with citation tracking, grey literature and practitioner surveys. Data selection will be based on relevance and rigour. Data will be extracted and synthesised iteratively, and causal links between contexts, mechanism and outcomes illuminated in the process. The results will be reported according to the Realist And Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards quality and publication standards.Ethics and disseminationWe have received ethical approval through the Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia (ref 2 01 819-124). We will disseminate to the research community through conference presentations and a peer-reviewed journal article. We will work with healthcare organisations, cancer charities and patients to agree a strategy for disseminating to these groups.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019120910.