KOMPOSISI DAN DISTRIBUSI SPASIAL LARVA IKAN EKONOMIS PENTING DI PERAIRAN ESTUARI BANJIR KANAL TIMUR KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Daryumi Daryumi , Hutabarat Sahala , Ghofar Abdul 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRAK Perairan estuari Banjir Kanal Timur berfungsi sebagai daerah asuhan bagi larva ikan. Daerah estuari bersifat fluktuatif sehingga sifat-sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi bervariasi, pada fase larva ikan sangat menentukan kelangsungan hidup dari spesies ikan maupun populasi. Oleh karena itu, mengetahui keberadaan larva ikan ekonomis penting dapat memberi informasi tentang daerah mana yang dapat digunakan sebagai daerah penangkapan dan daerah mana yang harus dilestarikan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret-April 2016 di Muara Banjir Kanal Timur Kota Semarang yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi dan distribusi spasial larva ikan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode Purposive Random Sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan jumlah rata-rata larva ikan sebanyak 1851 ind/150m3 terdiri dari famili Apogonidae, Mugilidae, Gerreidae, Lutjanidae, Engraulidae, Nemipteridae, Ambassidae, Gobiidae dan Chanidae. Jenis larva ikan yang yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah Mugillidae (Belanak) 38,92%, sedangkan yang paling sedikit adalah Chanidae (Bandeng) 0,38%. Larva ikan paling banyak tertangkap di daerah pantai (Titik III) dan yang paling sedikit tertangkap didaerah muara menuju sungai (Titik VI). Perhitungan indeks morista menunjukan larva ikan menyebar secara acak. Struktur komunitas larva ikan yaitu indeks keanekaragaman (H’) berkisar 0,64-1,66, indeks keseragaman (E) berkisar 0,14-0,39, dan indeks dominasi berkisar 0,21-0,67. Berdasarkan hasil uji regresi menunjukkan antara salinitas dengan kelimpahan larva ikan berkorelasi positif, sedangkan kecepatan arus dengan kelimpahan larva ikan berkorelasi negatif. Kata Kunci: Estuari; Larva Ikan; Komposisi; Distribusi; Banjir Kanal Timur Semarang. ABSTRACT The estuaries of eastern Banjir Kanal served as the nursery ground for fish larvae. Areas of estuaries were fluctuating. So the parameters of the physical, chemical and biological were variation, in fish larvae phas largely determine survival rate of fish species or populations. For it to, knowing the existence of economically important fish larvae could providing information about which areas be using as a capture area and which areas that should be preserved. Research conducted in March-April 2016 at the Eastern Banjir Kanal of Semarang, aims to find out the composition and spatial distribution of fish larvae. The method used Purposive Random Sampling method. The research showed the range number of larvae as 1851 ind/150m3 consists of Familia Apogonidae, Mugilidae, Gerreidae, Lutjanidae, Engraulidae, Gobiidae, Ambassidae, Nemipteridae and Chanidae. Types of fish larvae found the most high was Mugillidae (Mullet) 38,92%, while the least was Chanidae (Milkfish) 0,38%. The larvae of most fish caught in coastal areas (point III) and the least caught in the estuary towards the river (Point VI). The calculation of the index morista fish larvae spread randomly. Fish larvae community structures were the index of diversity (H ') range from 0,64-1,66, uniformity index (E) range 0,14-0,39, and dominance index range from 0,21-0,67. Based on the results of the regression analysis showed between salinity with an abundance of fish larvae correlating positively, where the current speed with an abundance of fish larvae correlating negatively.Keywords: Estuarie; Fish Larvae; Composition; Distribution; Eastern Banjir Kanal Semarang.