bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personal solar ultraviolet radiation dosimetry in an occupational setting across Europe
Authors: Wittlich M. , John S.M. , Tiplica G.S. , Sălăvăstru C.M. , Butacu A.I. , Modenese A. , Paolucci V. , D'Hauw G. , Gobba F. , Sartorelli P. , Macan J. , Kovačić J. , Grandahl K. , Moldovan H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundWork‐related solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is an important factor in the pathogenesis of non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). The World Health Organization, through the International Agency for Research on Cancer, has classified solar UVR as a group 1 carcinogen since 2012. The main problems encountered so far in the study of occupationally induced skin cancer include the lack of accurate occupational UVR dosimetry as well as insufficient distinction between occupational and leisure UVR exposure and underreporting of NMSC.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to collect long‐term individual UVR measurements in outdoor workers across European countries.MethodsA prospective study was initiated through the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Healthy Skin@Work Campaign, measuring UVR exposure doses at occupational settings of masons from five European countries. Measurements were performed for several consecutive months using the GENESIS‐UV measurement system.ResultsThe results identified alarming UVR exposure data. Average daily UVR doses ranged 148.40–680.48 J/m2 in Romania, 342.4–640.8 J/m2 in Italy, 165.5–466.2 J/m2 in Croatia, 41.8–473.8 J/m2 in Denmark and 88.15–400.22 J/m2 in Germany. Results showed an expected latitude dependence with increasing UVR yearly dosage from the north to the south of Europe.ConclusionsThis study shows that outdoor workers from EU countries included in this study are exposed to high levels of occupational solar UVR, vastly exceeding the occupational exposure limits for solar UVR exposure, considered to be 1–1.33 SED/day in the period from May to September. This finding may serve as an evidence‐based recommendation to authorities on implementing occupational skin cancer prevention strategies.
Reelin signaling modulates GABAB receptor function in the neocortex
Authors: Hamad Mohammad I. K. , Jbara Abdalrahim , Rabaya Obada , Petrova Petya , Daoud Solieman , Melliti Nesrine , Meseke Maurice , Lutz David , Petrasch‐Parwez Elisabeth , Schwitalla Jan Claudius , Mark Melanie D. , Herlitze Stefan , Reiss Gebhard , Herz Joachim , Förster Eckart 
Published: February 2020

AbstractReelin is a protein that is best known for its role in controlling neuronal layer formation in the developing cortex. Here, we studied its role for post‐natal cortical network function, which is poorly explored. To preclude early cortical migration defects caused by Reelin deficiency, we used a conditional Reelin knock‐out (RelncKO) mouse, and induced Reelin deficiency post‐natally. Induced Reelin deficiency caused hyperexcitability of the neocortical network in vitro and ex vivo. Blocking Reelin binding to its receptors ApoER2 and VLDLR resulted in a similar effect. Hyperexcitability in RelncKO organotypic slice cultures could be rescued by co‐culture with wild‐type organotypic slice cultures. Moreover, the GABAB receptor (GABABR) agonist baclofen failed to activate and the antagonist CGP35348 failed to block GABABRs in RelncKO mice. Immunolabeling of RelncKO cortical slices revealed a reduction in GABABR1 and GABABR2 surface expression at the plasma membrane and western blot of RelncKO cortical tissue revealed decreased phosphorylation of the GABABR2 subunit at serine 892 and increased phosphorylation at serine 783, reflecting receptor deactivation and proteolysis. These data show a role of Reelin in controlling early network activity, by modulating GABABR function.
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Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15054.
Class, State, and Revolution in the History of American Capitalism
Authors: Cutterham Tom 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe significance of the American Revolution has generally been downplayed in accounts of the rise of capitalism in the United States, especially those undertaken from a critical perspective. New approaches to the history of capitalism, however, have emphasised the centrality of the state. This article argues that re‐centring the state's role in the history of capitalism should return attention to the significant restructuring of the American state that occurred during and as a result of the revolution. At the same time, it argues that this restructuring cannot be understood historically outside the context of class‐formation of which it was a part. Revolution reshaped the new nation's capitalist class, in the near term, much more than it did the labouring classes. This reconfiguration encompassed and went beyond the innovation of new political institutions. In the long‐run it helped to underpin the particular development of capitalism in the United States.
Regenerative potential of cultured gingival fibroblasts in treatment of periodontal intrabony defects (randomized clinical and biochemical trial)
Authors: Abdal‐Wahab Mahetab , Abdel Ghaffar Khaled A. , Ezzatt Ola M. , Hassan Ahmed Abdel Aziz , El Ansary Mervat Mohamed S. , Gamal Ahmed Y. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundDefective cellular elements constitute an important challenge to achieve predictable periodontal regeneration. In an attempt to improve the cellularity of periodontal defects, gingival fibroblasts were implanted without their associated extracellular elements in periodontal defects to expose them to periodontal tissue mediators. In order to investigate the regenerative potential of gingival fibroblasts translocated into periodontal defects, the present study was designed to clinically and biochemically investigate the use of gingival fibroblasts (GF) and their associated mesenchymal stem cells (GMSC) in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects.MethodsA total of 20 subjects were randomly divided into two groups (n = 20). Group I: ten patients were included with ten intrabony periodontal defects that received β‐calcium triphosphate (β‐TCP) followed by collagen membrane defect coverage, while group II: (10 patients) ten periodontal defects received cultured gingival fibroblasts (GF) on the β‐TCP scaffold and covered by a collagen membrane. The clinical evaluation was carried out at the beginning and at 6 months. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected directly from the test sites for the quantitative measurement of PDGF‐BB and BMP‐2 using the ELISA kit at 1, 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery.ResultsGroup II reported a significantly greater reduction in vertical pocket depth (VPD) and CAL gain compared with group I after 6 months. Radiographic bone gain was statistically higher in group II compared with group I. A significantly higher concentration of PDGF‐BB was observed in group II on days 1, 3, and 7 compared with group I.ConclusionsTranslocation of gingival fibroblasts from gingival tissue to periodontal defects could be a promising option that increases cellular elements with regeneration potential. The concept of total isolation of gingival fibroblasts using occlusive membranes must be re‐evaluated.
Phosphorus facilitation and covariation of root traits in steppe species
Authors: Yu Rui‐Peng , Li Xiao‐Xi , Xiao Zhi‐Hua , Lambers Hans , Li Long 
Published: February 2020

Summary

Different phosphorus (P)‐acquisition strategies may be relevant for species coexistence and plant performance in terrestrial communities on P‐deficient soils. However, how interspecific P facilitation functions in natural systems is largely unknown.

We investigated the root physiological activities for P mobilization across 19 coexisting plant species in steppe vegetation, and then grew plants with various abilities to mobilize sorbed P in a microcosm in a glasshouse.

We show that P facilitation mediated by rhizosphere processes of P‐mobilizing species promoted growth and increased P content of neighbors in a species‐specific manner. When roots interacted with a facilitating neighbor, Cleistogenes squarrosa and Bromus inermis tended to show greater plasticity of root proliferation or rhizosheath acid phosphatase activity compared with other non‐P‐mobilizing species. Greater variation in these root traits was strongly correlated with increased performance in the presence of a facilitator. The results also show, for the first time, that P facilitation was an important mechanism underlying a positive complementarity effect.

Our study highlights that interspecific P‐acquisition facilitation requires that facilitated neighbors exhibit a better match of root traits with a facilitating species. It provides a better understanding of species coexistence in P‐limited communities.
Natural mentoring relationships among survivors of caregiver childhood abuse: findings from the Add Health Study
Authors: Weber Ku Elyssa B. , Hagler Matthew A. , Parnes McKenna F. , Schwartz Sarah E.O. , Rhodes Jean E. , Erickson Lance D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSocial support promotes resilience to adverse childhood events, but little is known about the role of natural mentors—caring, nonparental adults—in the lives of childhood abuse survivors. The current study draws from a large, longitudinal, nationally representative sample (Add Health) to examine the prevalence and characteristics of natural mentoring relationships for adolescents with a history of caregiver childhood abuse, and the extent to which these relationships are associated with psychological and health outcomes in adulthood. Among the sample (n = 12,270), 28.82% and 4.86% reported caregiver childhood physical and sexual abuse, respectively. Youth who reported caregiver childhood physical abuse were more likely than those who did not endorse abuse to report having a natural mentor, but their mentoring relationships were characterized by lower interpersonal closeness, shorter duration, and less frequent contact. Exposure to caregiver childhood abuse was associated with adverse outcomes during adulthood, including antisocial behavior, physical health limitations, and suicidality; the presence of a natural mentor did not buffer the negative impact of trauma on adult outcomes. However, longer mentoring relationships during adolescence buffered the strength of the association between both caregiver physical and sexual abuse during childhood and suicidality during early adulthood.
The Rise of Citizen Groups within the Administration and Parliament in Switzerland
Authors: Eichenberger Steven 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis research note presents three newly interconnected and expanded datasets on interest groups’ (IGs) access to the Swiss political decision‐making process: (1) extra‐parliamentary committee seats occupied by IGs (1980, 2000, 2010), (2) parliamentary (committee) seats occupied by IG representatives (1992‐2015), and (3) consultation replies submitted by IGs (2008‐11). We show that the Swiss system of interest intermediation adapted to the multiplication and organizational consolidation of citizen groups, which defend non‐producer interests and do not provide selective benefits to their members (e.g. environmental groups). The share of access granted to citizen groups has increased in both the administration and parliament, across all federal departments and most legislative committees. Moreover, citizen groups benefit from a larger share of access in the recently revitalized parliament, compared to the administration. This suggests that economic groups’ decline in power is also related to the rise of citizen groups.
Peer teacher training (PTT) in action
Authors: Karia Chiraag , Anderson Elizabeth , Hughes Andrew , West Judith , Lakhani Dilesh , Kirtley Joanne , Burgess Annette , Carr Sue 
Published: February 2020

SUMMARYBackgroundThe benefits of peer teaching for tutors, students and institutions are well documented. Skills in peer teaching, assessment and feedback are cited as important graduate attributes by international medical councils; however, the literature on preparation for this role, specifically peer teacher training (PTT), is sparse. This study evaluated the implementation of a PTT programme adopted from the Medical School at the University of Sydney in 2016. The programme was adopted to support the development of skills in UK medical undergraduates. The training was accessed by students studying at the University of Leicester in 2017 and 2018.MethodsThe course was evaluated using mixed methods. Students completed pre‐ and post‐course self‐rated questionnaires. Semi‐structured focus groups were conducted after each course to investigate students’ perceptions.ResultsTwenty fourth‐year medical students attended the PTT. Students reported improvements in their understanding of educational principles, confidence in teaching and feedback skills, and an increased likelihood of volunteering to teach. Focus groups revealed potential benefits for future patient interaction and preparation for educator roles.DiscussionThe PTT provided an effective approach for medical students to gain perceived competence and confidence in teaching and giving feedback. Students reported an increased propensity for teaching when qualified. Students with lower self‐reported teaching ability reported greater improvements following the course. Students reported unanticipated perceived benefits for improving patient education and obtaining teaching accreditation for their portfolio and future clinical roles. They perceived potential value if the training were to be made interprofessional on future courses. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the transferability of the PTT programme across university settings.
Pre‐hospital transfusion of red blood cells. Part 1: A scoping review of current practice and transfusion triggers
Authors: van Turenhout Elisabeth C. , Bossers Sebastiaan M. , Loer Stephan A. , Giannakopoulos Georgios F. , Schwarte Lothar A. , Schober Patrick 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe primary aim of this scoping review is to describe the current use of pre‐hospital transfusion of red blood cells (PHTRBC) and to evaluate criteria used to initiate PHTRBC. The effects on patients' outcomes will be reviewed in Part 2.BackgroundHaemorrhage is a preventable cause of death in trauma patients, and transfusion of red blood cells is increasingly used by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) for damage control resuscitation. However, there are no guidelines and little consensus on when to initiate PHTRBC.MethodsPubMed and Web of Science were searched through January 2019; 71 articles were included.ResultsTransfusion triggers vary widely and involve vital signs, clinical signs of poor tissue perfusion, point of care measurements and pre‐hospital ultrasound imaging. In particular, hypotension (most often defined as systolic blood pressure ≤ 90 mmHg), tachycardia (most often defined as heart rate ≥ 120/min), clinical signs of poor perfusion (eg, prolonged capillary refill time or changes in mental status) and injury type (ie, penetrating wounds) are common pre‐hospital transfusion triggers.ConclusionsPHTRBC is increasingly used by Emergency Medical Services, but guidelines on when to initiate transfusion are lacking. We identified the most commonly used transfusion criteria, and these findings may provide the basis for consensus‐based pre‐hospital transfusion protocols.
Fluorogen activating protein toolset for protein trafficking measurements
Authors: Perkins Lydia A. , Bruchez Marcel P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThroughout the past decade the use of fluorogen activating proteins (FAPs) has expanded with several unique reporter dyes that support a variety of methods to specifically quantify protein trafficking events. The platform's capabilities have been demonstrated in several systems and shared for widespread use. This review will highlight the current FAP labeling techniques for protein traffic measurements and focus on the use of the different designed fluorogenic dyes for selective and specific labeling applications.
Association Between Implementation of the Athlete Biological Passport and Female Elite Runners’ Performance
Authors: Iljukov Sergei , Kauppi Jukka-Pekka , Uusitalo Arja L.T. , Peltonen Juha E. , Schumacher Yorck O. 
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the performances of female middle- and long-distance runners before and after the implementation of a new antidoping strategy (the Athlete Biological Passport [ABP]) in a country accused of systematic doping. A retrospective analysis of the results of Russian National Championships from 2008 to 2017 was performed. The 8 best female performances for the 800-m, 1500-m, 3000-m steeplechase, 5000-m, and 10,000-m events from the semifinals and finals were analyzed. The yearly number of athletes fulfilling standard qualifications for international competitions was also evaluated. Overall, numbers of athletes banned for doping in 2008–2017 were calculated. As a result, 4 events (800, 1500, 5000 [all P < .001], and 10,000 m [P < .01]) out of 5 showed statistically significant deterioration in the performances when comparing before and after the introduction of the ABP. The 3000-m steeplechase was the only event that did not show statistically significant change. The highest relative decrease in the number of runners who met standard qualification for international competition was for the 5000-m event (46%), followed by 1500-m (42%), 800-m (38%), 10,000-m (17%), and 3000-m steeplechase (1%). In conclusion, implementation of the ABP was followed by a significant reduction in the performance of female runners in a country accused of systematic doping. It can be reasonably speculated that more stringent antidoping testing, more specifically the introduction of the ABP, is a key reason for this reduction.
Effect of low-dose atropine on myopia progression, pupil diameter and accommodative amplitude: low-dose atropine and myopia progression
Authors: Fu Aicun , Stapleton Fiona , Wei Li , Wang Weiqun , Zhao Bingxin , Watt Kathleen , Ji Na , Lyu Yong 
Published: February 2020

PurposeTo evaluate the effects of 0.01% and 0.02% atropine eye drops on myopia progression, pupil diameter and accommodative amplitude in myopic children.MethodsA cohort study assessed 400 myopic children divided into three groups: 138 and 142 children were randomised to use either 0.02% or 0.01% atropine eye drops, respectively. They wore single-vision (SV) spectacles, with one drop of atropine eye drop applied to both eyes once nightly. Control children (n=120) only wore SV spectacles. Repeated measurements of spherical equivalent refractive errors (SERs), axial length (AL), pupil diameter and accommodative amplitude were performed at baseline, and 4, 8 and 12 months after treatment.ResultsAfter 12 months, the SER change was −0.38±0.35D, −0.47±0.45D, −0.70±0.60D and AL change was 0.30±0.21 mm, 0.37±0.22 mm, 0.46±0.35 mm in the 0.02%, 0.01% atropine and control groups, respectively. There were significant differences in the change in AL and SER between three groups (all p<0.001). Between baseline and the 12-month visit, the overall change in accommodative amplitude was 1.50±0.25D, 1.61±0.31D and change in pupil diameter was 0.78±0.42 mm, 0.69±0.39 mm, with 0.02% and 0.01% atropine, respectively. Accommodative amplitude significantly decreased and pupil diameter significantly increased in two atropine groups (all p<0.001). Moreover, there was no statistical difference in the change difference in accommodative amplitude and pupil diameter between two atropine groups (p=0.24, p=0.38), whereas the accommodative amplitude (p=0.45) and pupil diameter (p=0.39) in the control group remained stable.Conclusions0.02% atropine eye drops had a better effect on myopia progression than 0.01% atropine, but 0.02% and 0.01% atropine showed similar effects on pupil diameter and accommodative amplitude after 12 months of treatment.Trial registration numberChiCTR-IPD-16008844.
Barriers and facilitators to physical activity among children, adolescents, and young adults with cystic fibrosis: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative research
Authors: Denford Sarah , van Beurden Samantha , O'Halloran Paul , Williams Craig Anthony 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesPhysical activity is widely recommended in the treatment and management of cystic fibrosis (CF). Despite the numerous physical and psychological benefits, many young people with CF are not achieving the recommended levels of physical activity. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and synthesise available qualitative investigations exploring the motives for, barriers to and facilitators of physical activity among young people with CF.MethodsThe following six electronic databases were systematically searched: Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA), CINAH, EMBASE, MEDLINE, MEDLINE-in-process, PsycINFO up to August 2019. Keywords were used to identify qualitative research that explored engagement in physical activity among young people with CF. Titles and abstracts were screened by two independent reviewers, and potentially relevant articles were retrieved in full. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they employed any qualitative method and recruited participants under the age of 24 years with CF. Risk of bias of included studies was assessed via the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Results were synthesised using a thematic approach.ResultsSeven studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Overall, studies were of moderate to high quality. Thematic synthesis identified nine main themes that encompass motives for, barriers to and facilitators of physical activity among young people with CF. These were (1) Perceptions of physical activity. (2) Value attributed to physical activity. (3) Social influences. (4) Competing priorities. (5) Fluctuating health. (6) Normality. (7) Control beliefs. (8) Coping strategies. (9) Availability of facilities. Previous reviews have been unable to identify intervention characteristics that influence physical activity behaviour.ConclusionsThis review provides detailed information on the physical (biological—clinical), psychological, social and environmental influences on physical activity behaviour, thus providing numerous targets for future interventions. This in turn could facilitate promotion of physical activity among young people with CF.