bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposal and Assessment of a De-Identification Strategy to Enhance Anonymity of the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model (OMOP-CDM) in a Public Cloud-Computing Environment: Anonymization of Medical Data Using Privacy Models
Authors: Jeon Seungho , Seo Jeongeun , Kim Sukyoung , Lee Jeongmoon , Kim Jong-Ho , Sohn Jang Wook , Moon Jongsub , Joo Hyung Joon 
Published: November 2020

Background
De-identifying personal information is critical when using personal health data for secondary research. The Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model (CDM), defined by the nonprofit organization Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics, has been gaining attention for its use in the analysis of patient-level clinical data obtained from various medical institutions. When analyzing such data in a public environment such as a cloud-computing system, an appropriate de-identification strategy is required to protect patient privacy.

Objective
This study proposes and evaluates a de-identification strategy that is comprised of several rules along with privacy models such as k-anonymity, l-diversity, and t-closeness. The proposed strategy was evaluated using the actual CDM database.

Methods
The CDM database used in this study was constructed by the Anam Hospital of Korea University. Analysis and evaluation were performed using the ARX anonymizing framework in combination with the k-anonymity, l-diversity, and t-closeness privacy models.

Results
The CDM database, which was constructed according to the rules established by Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics, exhibited a low risk of re-identification: The highest re-identifiable record rate (11.3%) in the dataset was exhibited by the DRUG_EXPOSURE table, with a re-identification success rate of 0.03%. However, because all tables include at least one “highest risk” value of 100%, suitable anonymizing techniques are required; moreover, the CDM database preserves the “source values” (raw data), a combination of which could increase the risk of re-identification. Therefore, this study proposes an enhanced strategy to de-identify the source values to significantly reduce not only the highest risk in the k-anonymity, l-diversity, and t-closeness privacy models but also the overall possibility of re-identification.

Conclusions
Our proposed de-identification strategy effectively enhanced the privacy of the CDM database, thereby encouraging clinical research involving multiple centers.
Simulation Game Versus Multiple Choice Questionnaire to Assess the Clinical Competence of Medical Students: Prospective Sequential Trial
Authors: Fonteneau Tristan , Billion Elodie , Abdoul Cindy , Le Sebastien , Hadchouel Alice , Drummond David 
Published: November 2020

Background
The use of simulation games (SG) to assess the clinical competence of medical students has been poorly studied.

Objective
The objective of this study was to assess whether an SG better reflects the clinical competence of medical students than a multiple choice questionnaire (MCQ).

Methods
Fifth-year medical students in Paris (France) were included and individually evaluated on a case of pediatric asthma exacerbation using three successive modalities: high-fidelity simulation (HFS), considered the gold standard for the evaluation of clinical competence, the SG Effic’Asthme, and an MCQ designed for the study. The primary endpoint was the median kappa coefficient evaluating the correlation of the actions performed by the students between the SG and HFS modalities and the MCQ and HFS modalities. Student satisfaction was also evaluated.

Results
Forty-two students were included. The actions performed by the students were more reproducible between the SG and HFS modalities than between the MCQ and HFS modalities (P=.04). Students reported significantly higher satisfaction with the SG (P<.01) than with the MCQ modality.

Conclusions
The SG Effic’Asthme better reflected the actions performed by medical students during an HFS session than an MCQ on the same asthma exacerbation case. Because SGs allow the assessment of more dimensions of clinical competence than MCQs, they are particularly appropriate for the assessment of medical students on situations involving symptom recognition, prioritization of decisions, and technical skills.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03884114; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03884114
Corticotomy depth and regional acceleratory phenomenon intensity:
Authors: Kernitsky Jeremy R. , Ohira Taisuke , Shosho Dhurata , Lim June , Bamashmous Abdullah , Dibart Serge 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To determine if the depth of corticotomy done with the piezoelectric knife could play a role in the intensity of the regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP).

Materials and Methods
Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: untreated (3 rats) and treatment (15 rats). In the treatment group, a split-model design was used. The right tibia received transcortical (deep) penetrations with the piezoelectric knife, while intracortical (shallow) penetrations were performed on the left tibia of the same animal. The rats were euthanized at day 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were taken for each sample and then assessed by histological analysis.

Results
Higher amounts of osteoclastic activity and new collagen formation were observed in the deep penetration group when compared with the shallow penetration group. The former peaked at day 14 for both groups (1.53% ± 0.01% vs 0.03% ± 0.0004%, respectively), and the latter peaked at day 28 (0.65 × 106 ± 0.01 vs 0.08 × 106 ± 0.0008, respectively).

Conclusions
Within the limitations of this study, it appears that the intensity of the RAP in the rat is corticotomy depth dependent. This is to be kept in mind when decorticating the bone during surgically facilitated orthodontic procedures.
Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy and Predictors of Its Development and Progression During Pregnancy in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: A Report of 499 Pregnancies
Authors: Bourry Julien , Courteville Hugues , Ramdane Nassima , Drumez Elodie , Duhamel Alain , Subtil Damien , Deruelle Philippe , Vambergue Anne 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVEPregnancy has been associated with development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR), but incidence of DR remains unclear. We assessed DR progression rate and its predictors during pregnancies in patients with type 1 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe report the retrospective data from pregnancies in patients with type 1 diabetes followed in Lille, France (1997–2015). Eye examination was performed every 3 months or every month in case of severe nonproliferative retinopathy or progression. Progression was defined by DR degradation (≥1 stage of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study [ETDRS] classification); it included DR development and worsening in patients without and with prepregnancy DR, respectively.RESULTSA total of 499 pregnancies in 375 patients were included; prepregnancy retinopathy was present in 30.3%. Progression, development, and worsening rates were 21.8%, 24.4% of those without retinopathy, and 15.9% of those with retinopathy, respectively. Development of sight-threatening retinopathy was rare. Progression mainly occurred in early or midpregnancy. Elevated prepregnancy HbA1c and duration of diabetes ≥10 years were predictors of DR progression. Among pregnancies with prepregnancy DR, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) tended to decrease the risk of DR progression. Among CSII-treated patients, those with prepregnancy DR had a significantly decreased risk of DR progression. Among the 270 pregnancies of women with any DR during pregnancy who returned for a postpartum ophthalmologic examination, the rate of progression was only 4.1% and the rate of regression was 9.3%.CONCLUSIONSThis study provides epidemiologic data on progression of retinopathy during pregnancy and will be useful for future guidelines for retinopathy screening.
Association of Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity and Depression With Cardiovascular Events in Early-Onset Adult Type 2 Diabetes: A Multiethnic Study in the U.S.
Authors: Dibato John Epoh , Montvida Olga , Zaccardi Francesco , Sargeant Jack Alistair , Davies Melanie J. , Khunti Kamlesh , Paul Sanjoy K. 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the temporal patterns of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CM) and depression in White Caucasians (WCs) and African Americans (AAs) with early-onset type 2 diabetes and their impact on long-term atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
From U.S. electronic medical records, 101,104 AA and 505,336 WC subjects with type 2 diabetes diagnosed between 2000 and 2017 were identified (mean follow-up 5.3 years). Among those without ASCVD at diagnosis, risk of ASCVD and three-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE-3) (heart failure, myocardial infarction, or stroke) was evaluated between ethnicities by age-groups.

RESULTS
The proportion of patients diagnosed at &lt;50 years of age increased during 2012–2017 (AA 34–38%, WC 26–29%). Depression prevalence increased during 2000–2017 (AA 15–23%, WC 20–34%), with an increasing trend for CM at diagnosis in both groups. Compared with WC, the adjusted MACE-3 risk was significantly higher in AA across all age-groups, more pronounced in the 18–39-year age-group (hazard ratio 95% CI 1.42, 1.88), and in patients with and without depression. AAs had a 17% (1.05, 1.31) significantly higher adjusted ASCVD risk in the 18–39-year age-group only. Depression was independently associated with ASCVD and MACE-3 risk in both ethnic groups across all age-groups. Other comorbidities were independently associated with ASCVD and MACE-3 risk only among WCs.

CONCLUSIONS
AAs have higher cardiovascular risk compared with WCs, particularly in early-onset type 2 diabetes. CM and depression at diabetes diagnosis have been increasing over the past two decades in both ethnic groups. Strategies for screening and optimal management of CM and depression, particularly in early-onset type 2 diabetes, may result in a lower cardiovascular risk.
Et forsvar i digital krise?
Authors: Heier Tormod , Mobech-Hanssen Bjørn E. 
Published: November 2020

Selv om norske myndigheter ligger på verdenstoppen i digitalisering av offentlige tjenester, står landets forsvar fremdeles «på stedet hvil». I kjernen av problemet finner vi en styringsmodell der 14 ulike forsvarsgrener og selvstendige driftsenheter kjemper om makt og innflytelse. Dette gjelder særlig i spørsmålet om hvem som skal ha ansvar og myndighet når Forsvarets IKT-systemer skal knyttes sammen for å øke cyberberedskapen. Hvordan kan vi beskrive, forklare og forstå de digitale problemene som Forsvaret står oppe i? Nyere forskning gir ikke klare svar, blant annet fordi de fleste studiene er opptatt av å studere utfordringene som kommer utenfra og inn mot Norge. Spørsmålet om hvorfor Forsvaret ikke klarer å forsvare seg mot cyberangrep, eller hvorfor etaten ikke holder tritt med resten av samfunnet, forblir derfor ubesvart. Ved å bruke instrumentelle og kulturelle perspektiver fra organisasjonsteorien finner vi store huller i forsvarsevnen på grunn av intern fragmentering og rivalisering.
Abstract in English:National Defence in a Digital Crisis?Even though the Norwegian authorities are world leaders in digitalization of public services, its armed forces are falling behind. In its essence, the problem lies in a management model with 14 different services striving for power and influence. This is particularly so when it comes to whom should have supreme authority as information and communication technology (ICT) systems are standardised across the force. How can we describe, explain and comprehend this digital complexity? Contemporary research does not provide clear answers, much due to over-emphasis on external cyberthreats. The question of why Norway’s armed forces are incapable of providing a proper defence against cyberthreats therefore remains unanswered. By means of instrumental and cultural theories, we find grave deficiencies due to internal rivalry and organisational fragmentation.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK BERBASIS SAINTIFIK KONTEKSTUAL MATERI PERISTIWA ALAM BESERTA MITIGASI BENCANA
Authors: Andriana Encep , Alamsyah Trian Pamungkas , Tambun Injilya 
Published: November 2020

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) berbasis saintifik kontekstual, dengan mengetahui kelayakan terhadap produk yang dikembangkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kelas V SDN Karang Tumaritis pada mata pelajaran IPA materi peristiwa alam beserta mitigasi bencana yang terdapat pada KD 3.3 Mengidentifikasi perubahan yang terjadi di alam, hubungannya dengan penggunaan sumber daya alam, dan pengaruh kegiatan manusia terhadap keseimbangan lingkungan sekitar. Indikator 3.3.1 Mengidentifikasi peristiwa alam, 3.3.2 Mendiskusikan dampak terjadinya bencana dan cara mitigasi bencana, 3.3.3 Mensimulasikan mitigasi bencana alam yang terjadi di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan model 3D yang terdiri dari pendefinisian (Define), perencanaan (Design), dan pengembangan (Develop). Berdasarkan uji kelayakan LKPD yang dilakukan oleh tim ahli, diperoleh skor rata-rata kelayakan oleh tim ahli pembelajaran IPA yaitu 84% dengan kategori interpretasi “Sangat Layak”, skor rata-rata kelayakan oleh tim ahli media pembelajaran yaitu 78,4% dengan kategori interpretasi “Layak”, skor rata-rata kelayakan oleh tim ahli bahasa yaitu 85,3% dengan kategori interpretasi “Sangat Layak”. Kata kunci: LKPD, Saintifik Kontekstual, Peristiwa alam beserta mitigasi bencana
Iran’s Fight against International Terrorism
Authors: Machitidze G. G. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract: The article analyzes the reasons that prompted the Arab states to consolidate their efforts and create the League of Arab States. Attention is focused on the deep differences that existed between the states that came forward with the idea of strengthening Arab unity and determined the nature of this regional organization and the features of its charter, which provided its members with the opportunity to preserve their political system, sovereignty and the specifics of foreign policy.The heterogeneous nature of LAS had an impact on its the goals and objectives. The focus of this organization was to protect pan-Arab interests and support all Arab states in achieving political independence.The aggravation of the situation in Palestine after the Second World War became a central item on the agenda of all the Arab League meetings. This organization indicated its position on the Palestinian issue in the preparatory period for its official proclamation. The article discusses the activities of the Arab League, aimed at introducing a complete boycott of Israel, which, amid expansion of the Arab League, other Arab states also joined. The Arab-Israeli conflict, due to the targeted efforts of the Arab League, consolidated the Arab geopolitical community and contributed to the formation of a national Arab identity. The LAS in its documents built a common Arab narrative, having two underpinnings: the recognition of the Palestinian Arab people as a victim of the Western powers and Zionists, as well as foreign policy of Israel.The article traces the relationship between the activities of the Arab League and the changes that have occurred in the regional and international environment. The gradual transition of the Arab League to the search for a political settleme maintain Arab unity by using the traditional tool – the unresolved Arab-Israeli conflict. The LAS member-states should have taken a pan-Arab stance on the settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict in order to preserve national identity. The refusal of all Arab League members to accept the American settlement plan, proposed by D. Trump administration in early 2020, was a confirmation that this regional organization retains its position as a defender of Arab unity and pan-Arab interests.
La anglofilia de Sergio Pitol
Authors: Vásquez Rentería Víctor Hugo 
Published: November 2020

Víctor Hugo Vázquez Rentería nos habla de la relación que tenía Sergio Pitol con textos de escritores ingleses. Además, menciona cómo el autor de El arte de la fuga enriquece su estilo con la admiración hacia la literatura anglosajona.
Vivir entre lenguas. Entrevista con Adan Kovacsics
Authors: Salvatierra Mario 
Published: November 2020

Durante el vigésimo quinto Encuentro Internacional de Traductores Literarios llevado a cabo en 2016, Mario Salvatierra, entrevista a Adan Kovacsics, "traductor de más de una treintena de títulos de literatura germana y húngara contemporánea y del siglo XX".
THEORETICAL BASIS OF DESIGN STRUCTURE OF THE DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Лельчицкий Игорь Давыдович , Сильченко Ален Павлович , Щербакова Светлана Юрьевна 
Published: November 2020

Теоретической основой проектирования цифровой образовательной среды является трехмерная модель, предпосылкой для разработки которой стала технологическая карта изучаемого предмета (В.М. Монахов). Основное внимание при разработке модели сосредоточено на логике взаимодействия триады «учитель - ученик - технология». Структурно проектируемая цифровая образовательная среда включает в себя три основных информационных блока: учебный процесс изучаемого предмета; уровень освоения учебного содержания (выбор обучающимся уровня обучения по изучаемому предмету; универсальные учебные действия, контент, состоящий из учебных ситуаций.
The theoretical basis for the design of a digital educational environment is a three-dimensional model, a prerequisite for the development of which was the technological map of the studied subject (V.M. Monakhov). The main attention in the development of the model is focused on the logic of the interaction of the triad «teacher - student - technology». The structurally designed digital educational environment includes three main information blocks: the educational process of the studied subject; the level of mastering the educational content (the choice by the student of the level of training in the studied subject; universal educational actions, content consisting of educational situations.
Rates of increase of antibiotic resistance and ambient temperature in Europe: a cross-national analysis of 28 countries between 2000 and 2016
Authors: McGough Sarah F , MacFadden Derek R , Hattab Mohammad W , Mølbak Kåre , Santillana Mauricio 
Published: November 2020

Background
The rapid increase of bacterial antibiotic resistance could soon render our most effective method to address infections obsolete. Factors influencing pathogen resistance prevalence in human populations remain poorly described, though temperature is known to contribute to mechanisms of spread.

Aim
To quantify the role of temperature, spatially and temporally, as a mechanistic modulator of transmission of antibiotic resistant microbes.

Methods
An ecologic analysis was performed on country-level antibiotic resistance prevalence in three common bacterial pathogens across 28 European countries, collectively representing over 4 million tested isolates. Associations of minimum temperature and other predictors with change in antibiotic resistance rates over 17 years (2000–2016) were evaluated with multivariable models. The effects of predictors on the antibiotic resistance rate change across geographies were quantified.

Results
During 2000–2016, for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, European countries with 10°C warmer ambient minimum temperatures compared to others, experienced more rapid resistance increases across all antibiotic classes. Increases ranged between 0.33%/year (95% CI: 0.2 to 0.5) and 1.2%/year (95% CI: 0.4 to 1.9), even after accounting for recognised resistance drivers including antibiotic consumption and population density. For Staphylococcus aureus a decreasing relationship of −0.4%/year (95% CI:  −0.7 to 0.0) was found for meticillin resistance, reflecting widespread declines in meticillin-resistant S. aureus across Europe over the study period.

Conclusion
We found evidence of a long-term effect of ambient minimum temperature on antibiotic resistance rate increases in Europe. Ambient temperature might considerably influence antibiotic resistance growth rates, and explain geographic differences observed in cross-sectional studies. Rising temperatures globally may hasten resistance spread, complicating mitigation efforts.
Udzielanie sakramentu chrztu osobom poniżej 14. roku życia w prawie partykularnym archidiecezji lubelskiej
Authors: Jaszcz Ks. Adam 
Published: November 2020

Udzielanie chrztu świętego osobom, które nie ukończyły 14. roku życia, w archidiecezji lubelskiej zostało uregulowane w statutach II Synodu Diecezji Lubelskiej oraz w Instrukcji o udzielaniu sakramentu chrztu w Archidiecezji Lubelskiej z dnia 28 kwietnia 2017 r., do której dołączono formularze kancelaryjne (załączniki). Podstawą do udzielenia chrztu osobom poniżej 14. roku życia
jest prośba lub zgoda wyrażona przynajmniej przez jednego z rodziców lub prawnych opiekunów. W przypadku dzieci w wieku katechetycznym (7-14 lat) wymagane jest również wyrażenie woli przyjęcia sakramentu przez samego kandydata. Na rodzicach i całym Kościele spoczywa obowiązek wychowania w wierze dzieci, które przyjęły chrzest, aby z czasem mogły ją osobiście wyznawać.
Die Neuerfindung des Selbst: zehn Thesen zur Kommunikation der Forstwirtschaft (Essay)
Authors: von Detten Roderich , Suda Michael 
Published: November 2020

Die Neuerfindung des Selbst: zehn Thesen zur Kommunikation der Forstwirtschaft (Essay)
Wenn in der Öffentlichkeit vom «Wald» die Rede ist oder die Tätigkeiten der Forstwirtschaft thematisiert werden, so wird von forstlichen Fachvertreterinnen und Fachvertretern immer wieder über die Schwierigkeit geklagt, sich verständlich zu machen – oder bedauert, missverstanden zu werden. Dass die forstliche Kommunikation von einer tief greifenden Umbruchphase kündet, in der sich die Forstwirtschaft seit einigen Jahren befindet, wird mit zehn Thesen illustriert. Sie thematisieren die nach innen und aussen gerichtete Kommunikation von Forstleuten als krisenhafte Zeichen des Ringens um die eigene Identität und das eigene Selbstverständnis – und als Versuch, die Wahrnehmung durch Aussenstehende zu kontrollieren. Der Beitrag will den Blick darauf lenken, dass ein gesellschaftlicher (und ökologischer) Wandel auch eine Veränderung der Forstwirtschaft mit sich bringen muss. Dafür sind etablierte Rollen, Selbstbilder, Positionierungen, Themen, Leitbilder und Strategien zwingend zu revidieren – und auch die forstliche Kommunikation.