bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting survival after transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma using a neural network: A Pilot Study
Authors: Mähringer‐Kunz Aline , Wagner Franziska , Hahn Felix , Weinmann Arndt , Brodehl Sebastian , Schotten Sebastian , Hinrichs Jan B. , Düber Christoph , Galle Peter R. , Pinto dos Santos Daniel , Kloeckner Roman 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsDeciding when to repeat and when to stop transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be difficult even for experienced investigators. Our aim was to develop a survival prediction model for such patients undergoing TACE using novel machine learning algorithms and to compare it to conventional prediction scores, ART, ABCR and SNACOR.MethodsFor this retrospective analysis, 282 patients who underwent TACE for HCC at our tertiary referral centre between January 2005 and December 2017 were included in the final analysis. We built an artificial neural network (ANN) including all parameters used by the aforementioned risk scores and other clinically meaningful parameters. Following an 80:20 split, the first 225 patients were used for training; the more recently treated 20% were used for validation.ResultsThe ANN had a promising performance at predicting 1‐year survival, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.77 ± 0.13. Internal validation yielded an AUC of 0.83 ± 0.06, a positive predictive value of 87.5% and a negative predictive value of 68.0%. The sensitivity was 77.8% and specificity 81.0%. In a head‐to‐head comparison, the ANN outperformed the aforementioned scoring systems, which yielded lower AUCs (SNACOR 0.73 ± 0.07, ABCR 0.70 ± 0.07 and ART 0.54 ± 0.08). This difference reached significance for ART (P < .001); for ABCR and SNACOR significance was not reached (P = .143 and P = .201).ConclusionsArtificial neural networks could be better at predicting patient survival after TACE for HCC than traditional scoring systems. Once established, such prediction models could easily be deployed in clinical routine and help determine optimal patient care.
Spatial transcriptomics identifies spatially dysregulated expression of GRM3 and USP47 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Gregory J. M. , McDade K. , Livesey M. R. , Croy I. , Marion de Proce S. , Aitman T. , Chandran S. , Smith C. 
Published: January 2020

AimsThe mechanisms underlying the selective degeneration of motor neurones in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to implement spatially resolved RNA sequencing in human post mortem cortical tissue from an ALS patient harbouring the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion to identify dysregulated transcripts that may account for differential vulnerabilities of distinct (i) cell types and (ii) brain regions in the pathogenesis of ALS.MethodsUsing spatial transcriptomics (ST) we analysed the transcriptome of post mortem brain tissue, with spatial resolution down to 100 μm. Validation of these findings was then performed using BaseScope, an adapted, in situ hybridization technique with single‐transcript single‐cell‐resolution, providing extensive regional and cell‐type specific confirmation of these dysregulated transcripts. The validation cohort was then extended to include multiple post mortem brain regions and spinal cord tissue from an extended cohort of C9orf72, sporadic ALS (sALS) and SOD1 ALS cases.ResultsWe identified sixteen dysregulated transcripts of proteins that have roles within six disease‐related pathways. Furthermore, these complementary molecular pathology techniques converged to identify two spatially dysregulated transcripts, GRM3 and USP47, that are commonly dysregulated across sALS, SOD1 and C9orf72 cases alike.ConclusionsThis study presents the first description of ST in human post mortem cortical tissue from an ALS patient harbouring the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion. These data taken together highlight the importance of preserving spatial resolution, facilitating the identification of genes whose dysregulation may in part underlie regional susceptibilities to ALS, crucially highlighting potential therapeutic and diagnostic targets.
The association between digital screen time and myopia: A systematic review
Authors: Lanca Carla , Saw Seang‐Mei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeDigital screen time has been cited as a potential modifiable environmental risk factor that can increase myopia risk. However, associations between screen time and myopia have not been consistently reported. Although myopia prevalence increased before the massive use of digital devices in some countries, with the rise being influenced by education, there may be an added recent effect of screen time. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the association between screen time and the risk of developing (1) prevalent or incident myopia, or (2) the risk of myopia progression in children. Published manuscripts were identified in PubMed, ScienceDirect and the Cochrane Library, and citation lists were reviewed.Recent findingsFifteen studies were included (nine cross‐sectional and six cohort studies) with a total of 49 789 children aged between 3 and 19 years old. Seven studies found an association between screen time and myopia. The results showed mixed evidence with the more recent studies exposing a trend of association between hours spent by children using screens and myopia. Meta‐analysis using a random‐effects model was performed in five studies (n = 20 889) that reported odds ratio (OR). TheI2statistics was used to assess heterogeneity. A pooled OR of 1.02 (95% CI: 0.96–1.08;p = 0.48) suggests that screen time is not associated with prevalent and incident myopia in this group of five studies.SummaryThe results for screen time and myopia are mixed. Further studies with objective screen time measurements are necessary to assess evidence of an association between screen time and myopia.
The face of control: Corrugator supercilii tracks aversive conflict signals in the service of adaptive cognitive control
Authors: Berger Anja , Mitschke Vanessa , Dignath David , Eder Andreas , van Steenbergen Henk 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCognitive control is the ability to monitor, evaluate, and adapt behavior in the service of long‐term goals. Recent theories have proposed that the integral negative emotions elicited by conflict are critical for the adaptive adjustment of cognitive control. However, evidence for the negative valence of conflict in cognitive control tasks mainly comes from behavioral studies that interrupted trial sequences, making it difficult to directly test the link between conflict‐induced affect and subsequent increases in cognitive control. In the present study, we therefore use online measures of valence‐sensitive electromyography (EMG) of the facial corrugator (frowning) and zygomaticus (smiling) muscles while measuring the adaptive cognitive control in a Stroop‐like task. In line with the prediction that conflict is aversive, results showed that conflict relative to non‐conflict trials led to increased activity of the corrugator muscles after correct responses, both in a flanker task (Experiment 1) and in a prime‐probe task (Experiment 2). This conflict‐induced corrugator activity effect correlated marginally with conflict‐driven increases in cognitive control in the next trial in the confound‐minimalized task used in Experiment 2. However, in the absence of performance feedback (Experiment 3), no reliable effect of conflict was observed in the facial muscle activity despite robust behavioral conflict adaptation. Taken together, our results show that facial EMG can be used as an indirect index of the temporal dynamics of conflict‐induced aversive signals and/or effortful processes in particular when performance feedback is presented, providing important new insights into the dynamic affective nature of cognitive control.
Weighty matter(s): Religion, secularism, and American weight loss culture
Authors: Rifai Emma 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhile calorie counting seems an utterly secular and mundane practice in the United States, body management has historically been and remains a weighty matter intimately linked with morality. Weight loss cultures and diet reform movements tell us quite a bit about both the aspirations as well as the apprehensions of particular times and places. Over the last few decades, scholars have started to chart different weight loss cultures in the United States and how they have emerged, interacted, and evolved over time. Diet reform movements in the United States, we have learned, are ultimately entanglements of religion, secularism, and gendered bodies. This essay considers how some scholars have tried to make sense of these entanglements by exploring three key approaches. Ultimately, we will find that bodies and weight management became and continue to be sites where tensions between religion and secularism were and are negotiated.
Maximal amplitudes of hyperelliptic solutions of the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Wright Otis C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA simple formula is proven for an upper bound for amplitudes of hyperelliptic (finite‐gap or N‐phase) solutions of the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The upper bound is sharp, viz, it is attained for some initial conditions. The method used to prove the upper bound is the same method, with necessary modifications, used to prove the corresponding bound for solutions of the focusing NLS equation (Wright OC, III. Sharp upper bound for amplitudes of hyperelliptic solutions of the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Nonlinearity. 2019;32:1929‐1966).
Phylogenomics changes our understanding about earwig evolution
Authors: Wipfler Benjamin , Koehler Ward , Frandsen Paul B. , Donath Alexander , Liu Shanlin , Machida Ryuichiro , Misof Bernhard , Peters Ralph S. , Shimizu Shota , Zhou Xin , Simon Sabrina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEarwigs are one of the comparatively species‐poor insect orders. Although various aspects of the phylogeny of this lineage are poorly understood, before the present study, there was a general consensus that Dermaptera comprises two major lineages: the paraphyletic Protodermaptera or ‘lower earwigs’ and the monophyletic Epidermaptera or ‘higher earwigs’, which are nested within the former. Our phylogenomic study based on the analysis of 3247 nuclear single‐copy genes reverses these relationships by placing monophyletic Protodermaptera within paraphyletic Epidermaptera. This phylogenetic reversal among the major earwig lineages is not contradicted by morphological arguments but results in far‐reaching reinterpretations of the dermapteran ground plan. Within Dermaptera, Apachyidae form the sister group to the remaining earwigs which might imply that social behaviour is not part of the earwig ground plan. Our results corroborate the monophyly of Eudermaptera within Epidermaptera and the paraphyly of several traditional families. The monophyly of Protodermaptera is supported by molecular and morphological evidence, although the exact position of Karschiellidae which were not included in the molecular dataset cannot be determined.
Benchmark Solutions of Three-Dimensional Radiative Transfer in Nongray Media Using Line-by-Line Integration
Authors: Fraga Guilherme C. , Bordbar Hadi , Hostikka Simo , França Francis H. R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Nongray gas radiation calculations are conducted for four three-dimensional benchmarks using line-by-line (LBL) integration with the up-to-date high-resolution spectroscopic database HITEMP 2010. The radiative transfer equation (RTE) is solved using the finite volume method (FVM) over each wavenumber interval of the spectrum. A detailed mesh quality analysis assured the mesh independence of the solution. Accurate results for distributions of volumetric radiative heat source term and wall radiative heat flux are provided for four cases: (i) an isothermal pure water vapor medium at 1000 K; (ii) an isothermal and nonhomogeneous H2O–N2 mixture at 1000 K; (iii) a nonisothermal and homogeneous CO2–H2O–N2 mixture; and (iv) a nonisothermal and nonhomogeneous CO2–H2O–N2 mixture. These data can be useful to assess the accuracy of gas radiative property models.
Detailed Hydrodynamic Study for Performance Optimization of a Combined Lift and Drag-Based Modified Savonius Water Turbine
Authors: Basumatary Mithinga , Biswas Agnimitra , Misra Rahul Dev 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A combined lift and drag (CLD) Savonius water turbine is an advanced form of Savonius water turbine that has higher efficiency than the latter. However, its detailed hydrodynamic performance optimization is still unexplored, which is important for its possible future commercialization. The objective of the present work is to perform a detailed hydrodynamic study for performance optimization of the CLD Savonius water turbine at low water speed (characteristic of river stream current) under different design and operating conditions. A parametric optimization using orthogonal experiments is first done to obtain the optimized values of all the contributing design parameters. It is then followed by a detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigation using ansys fluent software to optimize the hydrodynamic performance of the turbine at the selected design conditions under different operating tip speed ratios (TSRs). Detailed fluidic behaviors including boundary layer features, blade loading, and vorticity structures of the turbine are explored to obtain important performance insights, and power curves of the improved CLD design are also obtained. It is found that the optimized CLD Savonius water turbine has higher hydrodynamic performance than the earlier design of this turbine with a maximum coefficient of power obtained as 0.29 at TSR 0.8.
Thermoporoelastic Analysis of Artificially Fractured Geothermal Reservoirs: A Multiphysics Problem
Authors: Taleghani Arash Dahi , Ahmadi Milad 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Geothermal systems are identified as either open-loop system (OLGS) or closed-loop systems (CLGS). In OLGS, fluid is produced from the subsurface, while there might be a concurrent fluid injection into the reservoir. The loss of working fluid, surface subsidence, formation compaction, and induced seismicity are major challenges in OLGS. To address the indicated challenges, closed-loop geothermal systems can be considered as an alternative option. In this method, a working fluid with low-boiling point is circulated through the coaxial sealed pipes to harvest heat from the formation of rock and fluid. Induced seismicity is essentially caused by the drastic quick changes in pore pressure. Thereafter, seismic risk assessment is expected for any new geothermal technology before starting the field implementation phase. To improve the heat recovery from closed-loop wells, we suggest highly conductive hydraulic fractures for CLGS to improve the heat generation rate. In conventional hydraulic fracturing treatments, fractures facilitate fluid flow; however, in the proposed configuration, induced fractures enhance heat flux into the wellbore. Considering the multiphysics nature of CLGS, a comprehensive analysis of this problem requires simultaneous modeling of fluid flow, energy transfer (heat), and rock deformation. A thermoporoelastic model is developed in finite element methods to simulate this problem. The numerical results suggest that fractures significantly improve thermal power and cumulatively produced heat in CLGS. The thermal conductivity of the proppants is the key parameter enhancing heat generation. The level of surface subsidence in the proposed technique is negligible due to the lack of geofluid production from the reservoir. Significant numbers of abandoned oil or gas wells exist around the globe which can be converted into the geothermal wells to produce electricity. This study shows the feasibility of electricity production from CLGS with minimum environmental hazards.
Financial and resource costs of transvenous lead extraction in a high-volume lead extraction centre
Authors: Gould Justin , Sidhu Baldeep S , Porter Bradley , Sieniewicz Benjamin J , Freeman Scott , de Wilt Evelien CJ , Glover Julia C , Razavi Reza , Rinaldi Christopher A 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTransvenous lead extraction (TLE) poses a significant economic and resource burden on healthcare systems; however, limited data exist on its true cost. We therefore estimate real-world healthcare reimbursement costs of TLE to the UK healthcare system at a single extraction centre.MethodsConsecutive admissions entailing TLE at a high-volume UK centre between April 2013 and March 2018 were prospectively recorded in a computer registry. In the hospital’s National Health Service (NHS) clinical coding/reimbursement database, 447 cases were identified. Mean reimbursement cost (n=445) and length of stay (n=447) were calculated. Ordinary least squares regressions estimated the relationship between cost (bed days) and clinical factors.ResultsMean reimbursement cost per admission was £17 399.09±£13 966.49. Total reimbursement for all TLE admissions was £7 777 393.51. Mean length of stay was 16.3±15.16 days with a total of 7199 bed days. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and cardiac resynchronisation therapy defibrillator devices incurred higher reimbursement costs (70.5% and 68.7% higher, respectively, both p<0.001). Heart failure and prior valve surgery also incurred significantly higher reimbursement costs. Prior valve surgery and heart failure were associated with 8.3 (p=0.017) and 5.5 (p=0.021) additional days in hospital, respectively.ConclusionsFinancial costs to the NHS from TLE are substantial. Consideration should therefore be given to cost/resource-sparing potential of leadless/extravascular cardiac devices that negate the need for TLE particularly in patients with prior valve surgery and/or heart failure. Additionally, use of antibiotic envelopes and other interventions that reduce infection risk in patients receiving transvenous leads should be considered.
Association between polymorphisms in microRNA seed region and warfarin stable dose
Authors: Hosseindokht Maryam , Zare Hamed , Salehi Rasoul , Pourgholi Leyla , Ziaee Shayan , Boroumand Mohammadali , Sharifi Mohammadreza 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal dose of anticoagulant warfarin varies among patients to achieve the target international normalised ratio. Although genetic variations related to warfarin pharmacokinetics and vitamin K cycle are important factors associated with warfarin dose requirements, these variations do not completely explain the large interindividual variability observed in the most populations, suggesting that additional factors may contribute to this variability. microRNAs have recently been introduced as regulators of drug function genes, and therefore, may be involved in drug responses. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the possible association between variants in the seed region of microRNAs, which target the genes involved in the action of warfarin and warfarin dose requirement.Methods526 samples were collected from Iranian patients. Four selected polymorphisms in the seed region of microRNAs (rs2910164, rs66683138, rs12416605 and rs35770269 in miR-146a, miR-3622a, miR-938 and miR-449c, respectively) were genotyped by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method.Resultsrs2910164 C/G in the seed region of miR-146a was associated with warfarin dose requirement (p&lt;0.001); the patients with GG genotype had the higher mean dose of warfarin (40.6 mg/week, compared with 33.9 and 31.8 mg/week for GC and CC genotypes, respectively). The association of other polymorphisms with warfarin dose requirement was not statistically significant.Conclusionrs2910164 C/G in the seed region of miR-146a is associated with warfarin maintenance dose, likely by disrupting interaction between miR-146a and ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 gene, ABCB1. Therefore, this polymorphism may possibly be a potential factor for assessment of warfarin dose requirements.
Prevalence and incidence ofMycoplasma genitaliumin a cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Smullin Carolyn P , Green Hunter , Peters Remco , Nyemba Dorothy , Qayiya Yamkela , Myer Landon , Klausner Jeffrey , Joseph Davey Dvora 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveMycoplasma genitalium(MG) is a sexually transmitted organism associated with cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease in women and has been shown to increase the risk of HIV acquisition and transmission. Little is known about the prevalence and incidence of MG in pregnant women. Our study sought to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of MG infection in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study of 197 women ≥18 years receiving antenatal care in South Africa from November 2017 to February 2019. We over-recruited HIV-infected pregnant women to compare MG by HIV infection status. Self-collected vaginal swabs, performed at the first antenatal visit, third trimester and within 1 week post partum, were tested for MG using the Aptima assay (Hologic, USA). We report on the prevalence and incidence of MG and used multivariable logistic regression to describe correlates of MG and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes (preterm delivery, miscarriage and vertical HIV transmission), adjusting for maternal age and HIV infection status.ResultsAt first antenatal visit, the median age was 29 years (IQR=24–34) and the gestational age was 19 weeks (IQR=14–23); 47% of women enrolled in the study were HIV-infected. MG prevalence was 24% (95% CI 16% to 34%, n=22) in HIV-infected and 12% (95% CI 6.8% to 20%, n=13) in HIV-uninfected pregnant women. MG incidence during pregnancy and early post partum was 4.7 infections per 100 woman-years (95% CI 1.2 to 12.9) or 3.9 per 1000 woman-months (95% CI 1.0 to 10.7). Adjusting for maternal age, HIV-infected women had over three times the odds of being infected with MG (adjusted OR=3.09, 95% CI 1.36 to 7.06).ConclusionWe found a high prevalence and incidence of MG in pregnant women. Younger maternal age and HIV infection were associated with MG infection in pregnancy. Further research into birth outcomes of women infected with MG, including vertical transmission of HIV infection, is needed.
$$\Xi _c$$ and $$\Xi _b$$ excited states within a $$\mathrm{SU(6)}_{\mathrm{lsf}}\times $$HQSS model
Authors: Nieves J. , Pavao R. , Tolos L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe study odd parity $$J=1/2$$J=1/2 and $$J=3/2$$J=3/2$$\Xi _c$$Ξc resonances using a unitarized coupled-channel framework based on a $$\mathrm{SU(6)}_{\mathrm{lsf}}\times $$SU(6)lsf×HQSS-extended Weinberg–Tomozawa baryon–meson interaction, while paying a special attention to the renormalization procedure. We predict a large molecular $$\Lambda _c {\bar{K}}$$ΛcK¯ component for the $$\Xi _c(2790)$$Ξc(2790) with a dominant $$0^-$$0- light-degree-of-freedom spin configuration. We discuss the differences between the $$3/2^-$$3/2-$$\Lambda _c(2625)$$Λc(2625) and $$\Xi _c(2815)$$Ξc(2815) states, and conclude that they cannot be SU(3) siblings, whereas we predict the existence of other $$\Xi _c$$Ξc-states, one of them related to the two-pole structure of the $$\Lambda _c(2595)$$Λc(2595). It is of particular interest a pair of $$J=1/2$$J=1/2 and $$J=3/2$$J=3/2 poles, which form a HQSS doublet and that we tentatively assign to the $$\Xi _c(2930)$$Ξc(2930) and $$\Xi _c(2970)$$Ξc(2970), respectively. Within this picture, the $$\Xi _c(2930)$$Ξc(2930) would be part of a SU(3) sextet, containing either the $$\Omega _c(3090)$$Ωc(3090) or the $$\Omega _c(3119)$$Ωc(3119), and that would be completed by the $$\Sigma _c(2800)$$Σc(2800). Moreover, we identify a $$J=1/2$$J=1/2 sextet with the $$\Xi _b(6227)$$Ξb(6227) state and the recently discovered $$\Sigma _b(6097)$$Σb(6097). Assuming the equal spacing rule and to complete this multiplet, we predict the existence of a $$J=1/2$$J=1/2$$\Omega _b$$Ωb odd parity state, with a mass of 6360 MeV and that should be seen in the $$\Xi _b {\bar{K}}$$ΞbK¯ channel.