bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with delayed onset of active labor following vaginal misoprostol administration among women at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda
Authors: Kajabwangu Rogers , Bajunirwe Francis , Lukabwe Henry , Atukunda Esther , Mugisha Dale , Lugobe Henry M. , Nakalinzi Joanita , Mugyenyi Godfrey R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the factors associated with delayed onset of active labor following labor induction with vaginal misoprostol.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study over 6 months at a tertiary hospital in Uganda. We enrolled mothers with pregnancies of at least 28 weeks, who were undergoing labor induction with 50 µg of vaginal misoprostol, administered every 6 hours with a maximum of four doses, and followed them up until onset of active labor. Labor onset was considered delayed if it occurred later than 12 hours after the first dose. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed to determine factors associated with delayed onset of active labor.ResultsOf the 88 mothers enrolled, 22.7% (n=20) had delayed onset of active labor. Nulliparity (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 2.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17–4.68) and gestational age less than 37 weeks (aRR 3.79, 95% CI 1.40–10.23) were associated with delayed onset of active labor following vaginal misoprostol administration whereas higher body mass index (aRR 0.38, 95% CI 0.18–0.79) decreased the risk.ConclusionDelayed onset of active labor following labor induction remains an important obstetric care challenge. Mothers undergoing labor induction should have their body mass index documented, and nulliparous women and mothers at less than 37 weeks of gestation should have their labor monitored for a longer duration following labor induction.
Atypical electrocardiographic findings in severe hyperkalemia with slow clinical course
Authors: Sasaki Osamu , Uriuda Yozo , Shinkai Masaharu , Sasaki Hideki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA 77‐year‐old woman walked into the emergency department with an episode of syncope and vomiting. She had visited at an orthopedic clinic with weakness of the lower extremities 6 weeks before, but cervical and lumbar MRI findings were unremarkable. Thereafter, she developed fingertip numbness and appetite loss at 7 and 3 days, respectively, before admission. She had been prescribed with RAS inhibitors for years. Electrocardiography while in the emergency department revealed bradycardia with normal QRS and a tented T wave. Laboratory findings revealed serum potassium 9.2 mEq/L. We discontinued RAS inhibitors and β‐blockers and added glucose‐insulin therapy. Thereafter, her general condition gradually recovered, and her symptoms completely disappeared. Elderly patients with chronic kidney disease treated with RAS inhibitors might develop slowly progressive symptoms of hyperkalemia. Electrocardiographic findings could be atypical and inconsistent with serum potassium values.
Update on MRI of Cystic Renal Masses Including Bosniak Version 2019
Authors: Krishna Satheesh , Schieda Nicola , Pedrosa Ivan , Hindman Nicole , Baroni Ronaldo H. , Silverman Stuart G. , Davenport Matthew S. 
Published: October 2020

Incidental cystic renal masses are common, usually benign, and almost always indolent. Since 1986, the Bosniak classification has been used to express the risk of malignancy in a cystic renal mass detected at imaging. Historically, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was not included in that classification. The proposed Bosniak v.2019 update has formally incorporated MRI, included definitions of imaging terms designed to improve interobserver agreement and specificity for malignancy, and incorporated a variety of masses that were incompletely defined or not included in the original classification. For example, at unenhanced MRI, homogeneous masses markedly hyperintense at T2‐weighted imaging (similar to cerebrospinal fluid) and homogeneous masses markedly hyperintense at fat suppressed T1‐weighted imaging (approximately ≥2.5 times more intense than adjacent renal parenchyma) are classified as Bosniak II and may be safely ignored, even when they have not been imaged with a complete renal mass MRI protocol. MRI has specific advantages and is recommended to evaluate masses that at computed tomography (CT) 1) have abundant thick or nodular calcifications; 2) are homogeneous, hyperattenuating, ≥3 cm, and nonenhancing; or 3) are heterogeneous and nonenhancing. Although MRI is generally excellent for characterizing cystic renal masses, there are unique weaknesses of MRI that bear consideration. These details and others related to MRI of cystic renal masses are described in this review, with an emphasis on Bosniak v.2019. A website (https://bosniak-calculator.herokuapp.com/) and mobile phone apps named “Bosniak Calculator” have been developed for ease of assignment of Bosniak classes.Level of Evidence5Technical Efficacy Stage3
Role of Structural, Metabolic, and Functional MRI in Monitoring Visual System Impairment and Recovery
Authors: Sims Jeffrey R. , Chen Anna M. , Sun Zhe , Deng Wenyu , Colwell Nicole A. , Colbert Max K. , Zhu Jingyuan , Sainulabdeen Anoop , Faiq Muneeb A. , Bang Ji Won , Chan Kevin C. 
Published: October 2020

The visual system, consisting of the eyes and the visual pathways of the brain, receives and interprets light from the environment so that we can perceive the world around us. A wide variety of disorders can affect human vision, ranging from ocular to neurologic to systemic in nature. While other noninvasive imaging techniques such as optical coherence tomography and ultrasound can image particular sections of the visual system, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers high resolution without depth limitations. MRI also gives superior soft‐tissue contrast throughout the entire pathway compared to computed tomography. By leveraging different imaging sequences, MRI is uniquely capable of unveiling the intricate processes of ocular anatomy, tissue physiology, and neurological function in the human visual system from the microscopic to macroscopic levels. In this review we discuss how structural, metabolic, and functional MRI can be used in the clinical assessment of normal and pathologic states in the anatomic structures of the visual system, including the eyes, optic nerves, optic chiasm, optic tracts, visual brain nuclei, optic radiations, and visual cortical areas. We detail a selection of recent clinical applications of MRI at each position along the visual pathways, including the evaluation of pathology, plasticity, and the potential for restoration, as well as its limitations and key areas of ongoing exploration. Our discussion of the current and future developments in MR ocular and neuroimaging highlights its potential impact on our ability to understand visual function in new detail and to improve our protection and treatment of anatomic structures that are integral to this fundamental sensory system.Level of Evidence 3 Technical Efficacy Stage 3
Influence of pre‐drying storage time on essential oil components in dried hops (Humulus lupulus L.)
Authors: Raut Sharvari , von Gersdorff Gardis JE , Münsterer Jakob , Kammhuber Klaus , Hensel Oliver , Sturm Barbara 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt is well known that duration of pre‐drying storage impacts on hop quality. However, little knowledge exists regarding its actual effects on valuable hop components. To investigate these effects, fresh hop cones were stored for 5 or 24 h and dried for 210 min at 65 °C thereafter. Furthermore, to understand the effect of freezing hop cones on the essential oil content, both fresh and stored samples were frozen before and after drying.RESULTSThe results from gas chromatography analysis show an increase in linalool, β‐caryophyllene, humulene, geraniol content and decrease in myrcene content dependent on the period of storage. Total colour difference ΔE values of 4.61 and 5.27 were obtained for fresh and stored hops respectively, indicating discoloration of hops during storage. Modelling of moisture curves revealed the Wang and Singh model to be suitable, with values of 0.978 and 0.989 and root‐mean‐square error values of 0.037 and 0.019 for fresh and stored hops respectively.CONCLUSIONThe results from this study provide an in‐depth understanding on the changes occurring within the hop cones both during storage and drying and will further help hop processors optimize their storage times.
An insight into volatile and non‐volatile compounds of Chinese horsebean‐chili‐paste meju produced by natural brewing and temperature‐controlled brewing methods
Authors: Tan Xinyi , Lu Yunhao , Lin Xin , Ni Nan , He Qiang , Chi Yuanlong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDChinese horsebean‐chili‐paste (CHCP) is a traditional fermented condiment in China, known as ‘the soul of Sichuan cuisine’. The horsebean‐to‐meju phase in its preparation is important for CHCP production and contributes significantly to its taste and odor. In this study, a comprehensive flavor compound profiling analysis of the naturally brewed horsebean meju (NBHM) and the temperature‐controlled brewed horsebean meju (TCBHM) was performed with two‐dimensional gas chromatography time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC‐TOFMS), and the analysis of physicochemical characteristics and free amino acids. Their aroma‐active components and characteristic flavor compounds were evaluated. The flavor compounds responsible for differentiating NBHM and TCBHM were also determined based on the Fisher ratio and principal component analysis.RESULTSThe pH and the reducing sugar and amino‐acid nitrogen content of NBHM were 5.38, 64.43, and 5.76 g kg−1, respectively, whereas those of TCBHM were 5.13, 29.20, and 7.43 g kg−1. A total of 356 volatiles were identified from 2571 compounds, and 257 volatile compounds were identified in NBHM compared to 322 volatiles in TCBHM. These two horsebean mejus (HMs) exhibited a similar proportion profile for 30 aroma‐active compounds. Benzoic acid ethyl ester, 4‐ethyl‐2‐methoxy‐phenol and argnine were determined to be characteristic flavor components for NBHM, while 1‐(2‐furanyl)‐ethanone, 2,6‐dimethyl‐pyrazine, threonine, valine and tyrosine were specific to TCBHM.CONCLUSIONTemperature‐controlled brewed horsebean meju possessed better physicochemical and flavor characteristics than NBHM. The temperature‐controlled brewing technique in CHCP production can be used as a promising alternative to the traditional natural brewing method. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Long‐term Follow‐up After Radiation Therapy for Laryngeal Amyloidosis
Authors: Bertelsen Caitlin , Chadwick Keith , Holland John , Flint Paul , Schindler Joshua S. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesLaryngeal amyloidosis (LA) is a rare disease characterized by extracellular protein deposition within the larynx. Treatment is difficult due to the frequently submucosal and multifocal nature of disease. The mainstay of treatment is surgical resection; however, recurrence rates are high. Recently, use of radiotherapy (RT), either alone or postoperatively, for LA has been adapted from the management of extramedullary plasmacytoma and has been shown to provide local disease control. Here, we describe the experience with adjuvant RT for LA at our center.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsRetrospective study of patients with amyloidosis of the larynx, with or without other disease sites, seen at a tertiary academic center between 2011 and 2019. Outcomes included disease characteristics, recurrence rates, treatment modalities, and pre‐ and posttreatment voice handicap index (VHI)‐10.ResultsTen patients met eligibility criteria. Mean follow‐up time for all patients was 62.0 ± 41.0 months; mean follow‐up time after last treatment was 51 ± 55 months. All but one patient underwent surgical resection of disease. Seven patients underwent subsequent RT. Of these seven, six underwent RT at our institution; five received a dose of 45 Gray (Gy); and one received a dose of 20 Gy. All seven completed RT without toxicity‐related interruption. Patients undergoing RT underwent 2.1 ± 1.3 surgical procedures prior to RT; no patients required surgery after RT. Mean pretreatment VHI‐10 was 22.9 ± 8.1; mean posttreatment VHI‐10 was 12.9 ± 13.3.ConclusionRT after surgery for LA can provide good local control without unacceptable toxicity and may decrease the need for further surgery.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1810–1815, 2021
Yield of Imaging to Evaluate Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis of Unknown Etiology
Authors: Politano Stephen , Morell Fernando , Calamari Kevin , DeSilva Brad , Matrka Laura 
Published: October 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo identify the incidence and nature of positive findings on imaging studies ordered for evaluation of unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) of unknown etiology, to analyze these findings based on laterality, and to examine the use of the expanded‐field computed tomography (CT) neck protocol in this evaluation.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsA total of 145 patients from 2000 to 2018 with UVFP of unknown etiology were studied. Data on imaging studies ordered, laterality of paralysis, and significant positive results were studied. An expanded‐field CT neck protocol that included the entire course of the vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves was instituted during the study period.ResultsA total of 20.7% of patients had an etiology for paralysis identified on imaging. Malignancies comprised the majority of findings overall (19/30), whether in the chest (12/18) or the neck (7/12). Etiology was more often found in the chest for left‐sided paralysis (15/21) and in the neck for right‐sided paralysis (6/9). In 26 patients who underwent both expanded‐field CT neck and CT chest, no findings related to the UVFP were seen on CT chest that were not captured by expanded‐field CT neck.ConclusionsThis is one of the largest retrospective studies examining the incidence of positive findings on imaging studies for evaluation of UVFP of unknown etiology. Imaging in one of five patients with UVFP of unknown etiology will reveal a causative lesion, most often malignant. Left‐sided paralysis tends to localize to the chest, and right‐sided paralysis to the neck. Expanded‐field CT neck may allow practitioners to forego dedicated CT chest in evaluation of UVFP.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1840–1844, 2021
The impact of the plateau pika on the relationship between plant aboveground biomass and plant species richness
Authors: Pang Xiao Pan , Wang Qian , Guo Zheng Gang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHerbivores can influence plant species richness and plant aboveground biomass. However, only a few studies have examined their impact on the relationship between plant aboveground biomass and plant species richness, focusing on large herbivores. This study examined the influence of a small burrowing herbivore, the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) with averaging 150 g, on the plant aboveground biomass, plant species richness, and their relationship in the alpine meadows on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The study used a random stratified paired sampling design to collect data on plant species richness and plant aboveground biomass across five sites. Each site contained 10 pairs of plots. Each pair consisted of an undisturbed plot and a disturbed plot. Plant species richness was higher in the disturbed plots; whereas, plant aboveground biomass did not differ in relation to plateau pika disturbance. In the undisturbed plots, the plant species richness increased positively with plant aboveground biomass. In the disturbed plots, the plant species richness peaked at intermediate plant aboveground biomass levels. The findings suggest that small herbivores could alter the relationship between plant aboveground biomass and plant species richness by inducing an increase in plant species diversity, and they should be considered for assessing the management and conservation measures of alpine meadow.
Integrating land‐water‐people connectivity concepts across disciplines for co‐design of soil erosion solutions
Authors: Blake William H. , Kelly Claire , Wynants Maarten , Patrick Aloyce , Lewin Shaun , Lawson Joseph , Nasolwa Emmanuel , Page Annabel , Nasseri Mona , Marks Carey , Gilvear David , Mtei Kelvin , Munishi Linus , Ndakidemi Patrick 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSoil resources in East Africa are being rapidly depleted by erosion, threatening food, water and livelihood security in the region. Here we demonstrate how the integration of evidence from natural and social sciences has supported a community‐led change in land management in an agro‐pastoral community in northern Tanzania. Geospatial analysis of erosion risk and extent (based on a drone survey across a 3.6 km2 sub‐catchment) revealed that recently converted land had ca 12‐times greater rill density than established slow‐forming terraced plots (987 ± 840 m2 ha−1 vs. 79 ± 110 m2 ha−1). Slope length and connectivity between plots were key factors in the development of rill networks rather than slope per se wherein slope length was augmented by weak boundaries between newly formed plots. Erosion evidence, supported by communication of 'process' and 'structural' hydrological connectivity, was integrated with local environmental knowledge within participatory community workshops. Demonstration of the critical time window of hillslope‐scale rill erosion risk during early phases of slow‐forming terrace development catalysed a community‐led tree planting and grass seed sowing programme to mitigate soil erosion by water. This was grounded in an implicit farmer understanding of the need for effective governance mechanisms at both community and District levels, to enable community‐led actions to be implemented effectively. The study demonstrates the wide‐reaching impact of integrated and interdisciplinary 'upslope‐downslope' thinking to tackle global soil erosion challenges.
Strengthening immunity through healthy lifestyle practices: Recommendations for lifestyle interventions in the management of COVID‐19
Authors: Monye Ifeoma , Adelowo Abiodun Bamidele 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough the practice of strengthening the immune system may not guarantee that people will not contract severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), there is evidence that suggests that the likelihood and severity of many viral infections can be considerably reduced if appropriate measures are taken to increase the efficacy of the immune response to invading organisms. Evidence‐based public health measures to reduce viral spread include—personal isolation, physical distancing, wearing facial masks, frequent hand washing with soap and running water, not touching the face, vaccination, etc. However once infected, recovery relies on host immunity to eradicate the foreign invaders, with symptomatic management, which is the core management strategy in COVID‐19 management guidelines. Researchers have observed that severe COVID‐19 prevalence and mortality is highest in people with preexisting conditions. Eighty percent of these preexisting diseases are lifestyle related. Also, the science of strengthening the immune system by adopting appropriate lifestyle changes is still evolving, especially among the suspected and confirmed COVID‐19 cases. This article briefly highlights the immune response to viral infections including COVID‐19 and refers to evidence that healthy lifestyle practices, enshrined as core aspects of lifestyle medicine, can strengthen the immune response to infections. This may improve outcome in COVID‐19. We therefore recommend specific evidence‐based lifestyle intervention measures that should be considered in the management of COVID‐19.
RoadSurf‐Pedestrian: a sidewalk condition model to predict risk for wintertime slipping injuries
Authors: Hippi Marjo , Kangas Markku , Ruuhela Reija , Ruotsalainen Johanna , Hartonen Sari 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIcy and snowy sidewalks are typical wintertime phenomena in Finland. Wintertime slipping injuries are common and lead to substantial economic costs to health care as well as losses to society due to long sick leaves. In Finland, almost every second person slips and falls outdoors annually, and around 70,000 persons are injured needing medical attention. Typically, the most slippery conditions are encountered when the daily average temperature is slightly below 0°C or temperature crosses 0°C and there is precipitation in some form. The Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) has developed a numerical weather model that simulates the level of slipperiness on the sidewalks. The model classifies the sidewalk slipperiness into three classes; normal, slippery and very slippery. The FMI issues warnings of hazardous sidewalk conditions to the general public. Pedestrians' road safety can be increased with sidewalk condition forecasts and warnings. When warned, people can choose proper footwear or use anti‐slip devices, change the route or mode of transport, postpone the journey or cancel it altogether. Precise and reliable weather and sidewalk condition forecasts enable targeted and more effective sidewalk maintenance activities that can improve the grip of sidewalks and thus reduce the risk of accidents and injuries. This study presents the sidewalk condition model RoadSurf‐Pedestrian, its physical principles and examples of model runs. There are some challenges in the modelling of the slipperiness but the model gives valuable information on the slipperiness for duty forecasters. Slipping injury statistics are also presented and used as verification data.
A comparative study of gradient nonlinearity correction strategies for processing diffusion data obtained with ultra‐strong gradient MRI scanners
Authors: Rudrapatna Umesh , Parker Greg D. , Roberts Jamie , Jones Derek K. 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe analysis of diffusion data obtained under large gradient nonlinearities necessitates corrections during data reconstruction and analysis. While two such preprocessing pipelines have been proposed, no comparative studies assessing their performance exist. Furthermore, both pipelines neglect the impact of subject motion during acquisition, which, in the presence of gradient nonlinearities, induces spatio‐temporal B‐matrix variations. Here, spatio‐temporal B‐matrix tracking (STB) is proposed and its performance compared to established pipelines.MethodsDiffusion tensor MRI (DT‐MRI) was performed using a 300 mT/m gradient system. Data were acquired with volunteers positioned in regions with pronounced gradient nonlinearities, and used to compare the performance of six different processing pipelines, including STB.ResultsUp to 30% errors were observed in DT‐MRI parameter estimates when neglecting gradient nonlinearities. Moreover, the order in which inhomogeneity, eddy current and gradient nonlinearity corrections were performed was found to impact the consistency of parameter estimates significantly. Although, no pipeline emerged as a clear winner, the STB approach seemed to yield the most consistent parameter estimates under large gradient nonlinearities.ConclusionsUnder large gradient nonlinearities, the choice of preprocessing pipeline significantly impacts the estimated diffusion parameters. Motion‐induced spatio‐temporal B‐matrix variations can lead to systematic bias in the parameter estimates, that can be ameliorated using the proposed STB framework.