bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAPTURING TUBERCULAR MENINGITIS PROGRESSION IN CHILDREN WITH MULTI-SLICED COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (MSCT) SCAN: A PROSPECTIVE CASE REPORT
Authors: Ranuh Sherlyta Revania 
Published: August 2020

Background: Tubercular meningitis in children poses a diagnostic challenge, either for its detection and follow-up. Neuroimaging is essential in the diagnosis process and early identification of complication or sequelae. Computed tomography (CT) scan is widely available in secondary and tertiary hospitals in Indonesia, which would improve the management of paediatric tubercular meningitis case.
Objective: To describe the clinical progression of a child with tubercular meningitis from detection to sequelae at Bethesda Hospital, Yogyakarta.
Case description: A 7-year-old boy was admitted to the emergency unit with acute headache, vomiting, and prolonged fever. Tuberculosis transmission indicated from the mother, which on TB treatment. Non-contrast multi-sliced computed tomography (MSCT) scan was performed on the first-day admission, on the 8th day of admission, before and after VP-shunt procedure for life-threatening hydrocephalus and the follow-up. There was an obvious disease progression shown by CT scan from the early stage, the onset of hydrocephalus, deteriorating hydrocephalus, and post-VP-shunt procedure. The periventricular infarct extended over time, concordant with worsening symptoms.
Conclusion: Paediatric tubercular meningitis diagnosis relies on accurate neuroimaging studies to identify the specific sign. In the disease progression, the sign as early as slight hyperdensity should lead to meningitis diagnosis, and earlier treatment of hydrocephalus might prevent further debilitating sequelae or even fatal complications of tubercular meningitis.
DIFFUSE-WEIGHTED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (DW-MRI) FOR CRYPTOGENIC STROKE DIAGNOSIS IN YOUNG ADULT FEMALE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Silalahi Lothar Matheus Manson Vanende 
Published: August 2020

Background: Ischaemic stroke is caused by various aetiology. Cryptogenic stroke diagnosis is established when no aetiologies are discovered although clinical manifestations are consistent with acute stroke. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) is one neuroimaging modalities which could be useful in exploring aetiology instead of excluding intracranial haemorrhage. There are many conflicting pieces of evidence of the benefit using DW-MRI to confirm the presence or the absence of brain lesions.
Objective: To report a clinical case of ischemic stroke with negative evaluation on advanced neuroimaging studies (DW-MRI).
Case Description: A female, 35 years old, presented to the emergency unit with a 6 hours history of prickling sensation before admission. There were no risk factors of stroke, and no other neurological symptoms. The neurologic examination reveals left hemihypesthesia, with normal results on laboratory examination for stroke risk factors and negative ischemic lesion on brain DW-MRI. Explorative examination on cardiac aetiologies was negative. Patient was given a standard regimen for acute stroke management despite the negative results and established as a cryptogenic stroke case.
Conclusion: Diagnosis of ischemic stroke should rely mainly on clinical findings, with consideration of cryptogenic stroke when there is no aetiology found after thorough examination. Nevertheless, comprehensive examination on cardiac function and coagulation tests should be performed whenever possible to determine the cause of ischaemic stroke.
OPTIMAL CONDITION FOR MULTIPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) IN DETECTING ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES, TRICHURIS TRICHIURA, AND NECATOR AMERICANUS IN PRESERVED STOOL
Authors: Sooai Christiane Marlene , M Elsa Herdiana , Supargiyono Supargiyono 
Published: August 2020

Background: Multiplex PCR examination is one of the molecular examination methodologies applied to detect soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection. Optimization of the multiplex PCR method is a complex process, but it is necessary to obtain both a correct detection process and a satisfactory DNA product.
Objective: To determine whether multiplex PCR can be optimized to diagnose STH from Indonesian isolates, and to find the optimal method for detection of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, and N. americanus infections in stool that have been stored for 3 years.
Methods: A total of 15 samples were examined, and these samples were previously examined by using a microscopic method, then continued with optimization steps.
Result: The optimal PCR mixture used primers targeting COI gene for A. lumbricoides, 18S rDNA for T. trichiura and ITS1 for N. americanus, 15 Âµl of Go Taq Green Master Mix, 5 Âµl of the 3 pairs of primers, 5 Âµl of DNA template and 4 Âµl of DdH2O, and the condition was 30 minutes of 950C denaturation, 30 second of 530C annealing and 1 minute of 720C extension, repeated for 35 cycles.
Conclusion: Multiplex PCR can be optimized for STH detection from Indonesian isolates. The successful detection using the multiplex PCR method was influenced by sample preparation prior to DNA isolation, which includes several steps i.e. homogenization of samples using bead beaters and passing samples on liquid nitrogen rapidly.
Betulinic Acid Nanogels: Rheological, Microstructural Characterization and Evaluation of their Anti-inflammatory Activity
Authors: Sosa-Gutierrez Dalis S. , Toro-Vazquez Jorge F. , Cano-Sarmiento Cynthia , Grube-Pagola Peter , Aparicio-Saguilan Alejandro , Torres-Palacios Cristobal , Acosta-Osorio Andres A. , Garcia Hugo S. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Betulinic Acid (BA) is a lipophilic compound with proven beneficial results in
topical inflammation. Nanogels (NG) are carriers of bioactive compounds with properties that make
them good candidates to treat skin diseases.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of BA carried in
NG.

Methods:
NG were composed of a nanoemulsion and a crosslinking agent (Carbopol 940®) applied at
three concentrations (0.5, 1, and 1.5 %) and three activation times (6, 12 and 24 h). In order to select the
optimal formulation, the NG were characterized mechanically and micro-structurally followed by
evaluation of the BA anti-inflammatory activity in an in vivo model of auricular edema. We determined
the edema inhibition activity as percent weight. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity of NG was
validated through histological analysis.

Results:
The formulation with the best viscoelastic properties was the one prepared with 0.5% carbopol
and 6 h of activation. Microstructural examination of this formulation showed mostly spherical structures
with a mean diameter of 65 nm. From the evaluation of edema and the histological analyses, we
established that the NG of BA produced 52% inhibition. In contrast, a conventional gel and free BA
produced 28% and 19% inhibition, respectively.

Conclusion:
The NG of BA were found to be good vehicles to treat skin inflammation.
A Novel GLP-1R/fHCS Method to Determine the Bioactivity of Glucagon- Like Peptide 1(GLP-1) Analogous Drugs In Vitro
Authors: Wang Jie , Lu Ping , Zhang Shengting , Li Wanwan , Ji Xiuling , Li Jing , Zhang Hui , Wei Yunlin , Liang Chenggang 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Current methods for assaying bioactivity of GLP-1 analogues are costly
and time consuming, mainly dependent on AlphaScreen luminous beads, based on fluorescent resonance
energy transfer technology, and cAMP-GloTM Max assay kit, and on ATP to generate a negative-
association curve.

Objective:
To establish a sensitive, stable, and low-cost method for the determination of biological
activity of therapeutic glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) and their analogous drugs in vitro in quality
control.

Methods:
An applicable fluorescent high-content system (fHCS) method was developed in U2OS
cell, which was stably transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled at the C-terminal of
glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R). HCS was firstly used to measure per unit area of fluorescent
intensity changes as a result of drug-stimulated receptor endocytosis.

Results:
The detection sensitivity improved at least 30 folds than other reported methods. This method showed a wide
detection range with a good linear regression of R2 >0.98. In five scgs from 50~150% SCG, the accuracy achieved the
standard of the 41th United States Pharmacopoeia with all biases being less than 7.5%. The precision attained to the 9.0th
European Pharmacopoeia standard with all relative standard deviations (RSD)s below 10%. This assay result can keep
stable over 100 h at room temperature. Furthermore, the U2OS/GLP-1R cells showed a sharp specificity towards GLP-1
analogues during detecting activities in a mixture of different ligands.

Conclusion:
These results suggested that the GLP-1R/fHCS method can be employed broadly in
the bioactivity determination of GLP-1 analogous drugs and as a platform for screening GLP-1 similar
active ingredients in natural products.
Size Effects of Vacancy Formation and Oxygen Adsorption on Gas- Sensitive Tin Oxide Semiconductor: A First Principle Study
Authors: Liu Jianqiao , Wu Liting , Gao Fengjiao , Hong Wusong , Jin Guohua , Zhai Zhaoxia 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Oxygen behaviors play essential roles in the receptor function in the gassensing
mechanism of SnO2 semiconductors, the size effect of which is a fundamental phenomenon
for the development of gas sensors.

Objective:
This article discusses the size effect on the oxygen behaviors in the gas-sensitive SnO2 semiconductor.

Methods:
: The first principle calculation was used to investigate size effect on formation of oxygen vacancies and
adsorption of oxygen species in the SnO2 semiconductor. The electrical characteristics of conductivity, band gap and
electron transfer in SnO2 crystallites were analyzed by density of states and the Mulliken population.

Results:
The defect of surface bridge oxygen has the lowest formation energy, and it is most likely to form
in the SnO2 semiconductor. The adsorption energies for O- and O2
- are from 1.717 to 3.791 eV and
2.371 to 4.683 eV, respectively. The Mulliken population distribution illustrates that O 2p orbit captures
the electrons from the orbits of Sn 5s and 5p as well as O 2s.

Conclusion:
The formation energies of oxygen defects in complete and defective SnO2 super cells
are of positive correlation with crystallite size. The carrier concentration and conductivity are improved
by the incremental crystallite size. The adsorption energies of O- and O2
- species on defective
SnO2 super cells increase with crystallite size. With the assistance of connecting Sn atoms, the adsorbates
of O- and O2
- are able to capture electrons from the inner region of crystallites, resulting in
an expansion of depletion layer.
Tobacco Smoking and Association between Betel Nut Chewing and Metabolic Abnormalities Among Military Males: The CHIEF Study
Authors: Lin Yen-Po , Tsai Kun-Zhe , Chang Chih-Yu , Su Fang-Ying , Han Chih-Lu , Lin Gen-Min 
Published: August 2020

Aim::To investigate the effect of smoking and alcohol intake on the association between betel nut chewing and each metabolic abnormality.Background::Betel nut chewing has been associated with metabolic syndrome.Objective::Whether the association is affected by tobacco or alcohol use is not clarified so far.Methods::The authors conducted a cross-sectional study using 6,657 military males, aged 18-50 years in eastern Taiwan in 2013-2014. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation’s ethnic criteria for Asians. The population was classified as non-betel nut chewers (N =5,749), current chewers with both tobacco and alcohol use (N =615), and current chewers without tobacco and/or alcohol use (N =293). Multiple logistic regression analyses were stepwise adjusted for the confounders including alcohol and tobacco use to determine the association of betel chewing with the metabolic abnormalities.Results::As compared to the non-current chewers, the current chewers with both tobacco/alcohol use and those without had a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals: 2.46 (2.00-3.02), and 2.04 (1.53-2.73), respectively) after controlling for age, service specialty, total cholesterol levels ≥200 mg/dL and exercise frequency (model 1). The association did not change much in the two chewing groups after additionally adjusting for alcohol consumption (model 2) (OR: 2.49 (1.99-3.12), and 2.04 (1.52-2.73), respectively), whereas the relationship reduced significantly in the chewers with both tobacco/alcohol use rather than those without after further adjusting for smoking (model 3) (OR: 2.18 (1.71-2.78) and 2.02 (1.51-2.71), respectively). This was in parallel with the pattern for the association of betel nut chewing with serum triglycerides >150 mg/dL in the chewers with both tobacco/alcohol use and those without in model 1 (OR: 2.90 (2.40-3.51) and 1.90 (1.45-2.49), respectively, p =0.011), in model 2 (OR: 2.82 (2.30-3.46) and 1.89 (1.44-2.49), respectively, p =0.040), and in model 3 (2.26 (1.81-2.81) and 1.87 (1.42-2.45), respectively, p =0.76).Conclusion::Our findings suggest that tobacco smoking but not alcohol intake could increase the relationship of betel nut chewing with metabolic syndrome, which is likely mediated by a synergic effect on increasing serum triglycerides levels.
Determinants of First Aid Knowledge and Basic Practice Among Elementary School Teachers in Debre Tabor Town, Northcentral Ethiopia
Authors: Taklual Wubet , Mekie Maru , Yenew Chalachew 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Pre-hospital school-based Emergency Medical Service (EMS) at school by school personnel is mandatory for saving the pupils from disability and death attributed to injury-related problems. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the determinant factors of first aid knowledge and basic practice among elementary school teachers in Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.

Methods:
Institution based cross-sectional study was employed in Debre Tabor among 216 elementary school teachers. A simple random sampling technique with proportional allocation was applied for the selection of the study participants. Data entry was done by Epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for cleaning and analysis. Descriptive statistics was performed by using frequency, percentage, and table. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to determine the significance and strength of association at a 95% confidence interval. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results and Discussion:
Our study revealed that 45.8% of study subjects were knowledgeable on first aid. More than 75% of study participants reported that they have encountered a child who needs first aid. Among these, 64% of them provide first aid. The multivariable analysis revealed that service year (AOR=3.51, 95%CI: (1.06, 11.59)), educational status (AOR=12.15, 95%CI: (3.17, 46.67)), previous first aid training (AOR=0.43, 95%CI: (0.21, 0.87)) and information about first aid (AOR=0.12, 95%CI ;(0.03, 0.48)) were found to be significantly associated with having knowledge on first aid.

Conclusion:
School teachers have low knowledge of first aid. Educational status, service year, previous first aid training and information on first aid were the predictors of first aid knowledge. Introducing essential first aid training in the curriculum during teachers’ training shall be considered.
A Case Study of Network Mobility (NEMO-BSP) Integration with Leo
Constellation System
Authors: Sheikh M. Altamash , Singh Neeta 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
This manuscript is explicating the mutual compatibility of boot modes in a computer system and partition-ing styles of Hard Disk Drive. Most of us are familiar with these terms and know a little about these.

Method:
This manuscript contains the ample information about the boot modes of a computer system and partitioning styles of Hard Disk Drive (HDD) and their related configuration through which we get to know about their configuration and endurability. It also contains some practically verified case studies of the problems which occur due to the wrong con-figuration of boot modes and partitioning styles, though there are lot more but the most common ones are discussed along with their solutions.

Result:
In order to achieve the compatibility, it might require to convert the primary HDD into either GPT or MBR parti-tioning schemes. It should be marked that this interconversion wipes data on HDD, so cautiously the data on the hard drive must be backed-up before any conversion process.

Conclusion:
The information contained had been practically verified and is helpful in coping with the newer technology trends which contains more features along with backward compatibility. Keywords: Mobile IPv4, Mobile IPv6, NEMO, QoS, NS-2.

Discussion:
Right now passengers of flight are forced to interact with flight’s pre-recorded entertainment system. Most of the passenger airlines do not allow a passenger to use the internet or any other type of interaction with the ground while during the flight. They force passengers to even switch their mobile to FLIGHT MODE so that there is no active commu-nication between a passenger and the remaining world.
RCSA Protocol with Rayleigh Channel Fading in Massive-MIMO System
Authors: Basavaiah Umesha Gundlupet , Swamy Mysore Nagalinga Shanmukha 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
Massive MIMO is a process where cellular BSs a large number of antennas. In this study, we concern about
the end-to-end massive-MIMO system under the Rayleigh channel fading effect. Also, it includes both inter-channel interference and intra channel interference in an m-MIMO network system.

Method:
The major aim is to increase the throughput and network capacity as well as minimizing the channel collision in
between the associated pilots. Here, we proposed an RCSA protocol with Rayleigh channel fading effect in the m-MIMO
network to create a network like a real-time scenario. Here we have focused on the deployment of urban scenarios with the
small timing variation and provided our novel RAP for the UEs, where the UEs want to access the network. To validate
the performance of our proposed scheme we are going to compare with the state-of-art technique in the result analysis section.

Result:
We provide the analysis based upon the two considered scenarios; such as scenario-A considered at intra-channel
interference and whereas in scenario-B considered both intra-cell channel interference as well as inter-cell channel interference. Where our RCSA approach is proposed with uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channels (URFC) that used to increase
the capacity of network and decrease the collision probability.

Conclusion:
Here, we proposed the RCSA approach and it consist of four major steps such as; system initialization and
querying; response queuing; resource contention and channel state analysis and, resource allocation. The system performs
in the TDD mode of operation and the resources of time-frequency are divided into the coherent blocks of channel

Discussion:
In order to compare our RCSA-URFC approach, here we consider the state-of-art technique such as vertex
graph-coloring-based pilot assignment (VGCPA) [35] under URFC. In addition we also consider the bias term randomly to
make decision on particular UE. It very difficult to guess the strong probability of UE, therefore as per information obtained via
Optimal Feature Selection Methods for Chronic Kidney Disease Classification
using Intelligent Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Lambert Jerlin Rubini , Perumal Eswaran 
Published: August 2020

Aim:
Recently, classification of medical data gives more importance to identify the existence of disease.

Background:
Numerous classification algorithms for chronic kidney disease (CKD) are developed and produced better
classification results. But, the inclusion of different factors in the identification of CKD reduces the effectiveness of the
employed classification algorithm.

Objective:
To overcome this issue, feature selection (FS) approaches are proposed to minimize the computational
complexity and also to improve the classification performance in the identification of CKD. Since numerous bio-inspired
based FS methodologies are developed, a need arises to examine the feature selection approaches performance of different
algorithms on the identification of CKD.

Method:
This paper proposes a new framework for classification and prediction of CKD. Three feature selection
approaches are used namely Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm
Optimization (PSO) in the classification process of CKD. Finally, logistic regression (LR) classifier is employed for
effective classification.

Results:
The effectiveness of the ACO-FS, GA-FS and PSO-FS are validated by testing it against a benchmark CKD
dataset.

Conclusion:
The empirical results state that the ACO-FS algorithm performs well and the results reported that the
classification performance is improved by the inclusion of feature selection methodologies in CKD classification.
Designing a Smart Cart Application with Zigbee and RFID Protocols
Authors: Agrawal Rashmi , Kumar Palvadi Srinivas , Kumar Abhishek , Rathore Pramod Singh 
Published: August 2020

Aims:
To improve smart cart application for better user flexibility.

Background :
Users are easily purchasing with smart cart but we designed in a manner such a way that • The person no
needs to stand in a queue for bill. • The stock update automatically. recorded in server.

Objective :
The objective of this work is to find the alternate solution for time saving.

Method :
We have used RFID mechanism for data transmission and we used server for storing the information of stocks.

Result :
It proved the increased performance of the system.

Conclusion :
We proved that time reduction is possible and product identification through image processing is also possible.
Harmonic Distortion Minimization in Power System Using Differential Evolution Based Active Power Filters
Authors: Das Soumya Ranjan , Mishra Alok Kumar , Ray Prakash Kumar , Mallick Ranjan Kumar , Das Himansu 
Published: August 2020

Aims :
The main focus in this work is to improve balanced and sinusoidal grid currents by feeding compensating
current at point of common coupling (PCC).

Background:
In recent years the advancement in electronics and electrical appliances are widely improved and are also
more sophisticated. These appliances require uninterrupted and quality power. Therefore in the growing power system
scenario, several issues like malfunction of electrical sensitive devices, overheat in transformer, interference in
communication, failures in computer network etc., adversely affects the power quality (PQ). These issues are generated
due to rapid use of non-linear loads in three-phase system which generates harmonics in the system. To overcome from
these PQ issues, several PQ mitigation custom power devices are integrated in power distribution network. But, the
conventional PQ mitigation devices are insufficient to eliminate PQ problems such as current and voltage harmonics,
voltage sag/swell and voltage unbalances associated with the power distribution network.

Objective :
The objective of using A-PSO is to find the global optimum of the spread factor parameter at the upper level. APSO, has a faster convergence speed and correct response compared to the PSO algorithm.

Method :
SO A-PSO M p-q.

Result:
A-PSO is giving better results than PSO.

Conclusion :
A three-phase system with SHAPF injected at PCC is proposed in this paper. The SHAPF injects filter current
at PCC for supressing the harmonics using a modified pq scheme. For controlling the PIC, two optimised parameters are
discussed and found that reducing the harmonics distortions using A-PSO is giving better results compare to the
conventional PSO.