bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple myeloma cells are exceptionally sensitive to heat shock, which overwhelms their proteostasis network and induces apoptosis
Authors: Sha Zhe , Goldberg Alfred L. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Proteasome inhibitors are a highly effective treatment for multiple myeloma, a cancer of plasma cells. These studies were undertaken to understand why myeloma cells are exceptionally sensitive to proteasome inhibition. One proposed explanation is that myeloma proteasomes must continually degrade the large amounts of misfolded immunoglobins these cells produce. If so, myeloma cells should also be unusually sensitive to heat shock, which increases substrate load on 26S proteasomes. Unlike other cells studied, myeloma cell lines undergo extensive apoptosis at 43 °C, and, thus, are highly susceptible to proteotoxic stress. Also, shifting to only 39 °C markedly enhanced their sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors. Thus, mild hyperthermia (e.g. 39 °C) may enhance the efficacy of proteasome inhibitors in the treatment of myeloma.
Synthetic conversion of leaf chloroplasts into carotenoid-rich plastids reveals mechanistic basis of natural chromoplast development
Authors: Llorente Briardo , Torres-Montilla Salvador , Morelli Luca , Florez-Sarasa Igor , Matus José Tomás , Ezquerro Miguel , D’Andrea Lucio , Houhou Fakhreddine , Majer Eszter , Picó Belén , Cebolla Jaime , Troncoso Adrian , Fernie Alisdair R. , Daròs José-Antonio , Rodriguez-Concepcion Manuel 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Carotenoids are natural pigments whose properties as provitamin A and health-promoting phytonutrients make them ideal targets for biofortification. Here, we show that plastids specialized in carotenoid overaccumulation named chromoplasts can be synthetically produced in plant tissues that do not naturally develop them. We further demonstrate that differentiation of chromoplasts from leaf chloroplasts not just causes but requires both a reduction in photosynthetic activity and a stimulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in a process hardwired to a major reprogramming of global gene expression and cell metabolism. The synthetic system that we report here should allow to boost the nutritional quality of green vegetables and forage crops once their photosynthetic activity is dispensable (e.g., just before harvesting).
Molecular causes of an evolutionary shift along the parasitism–mutualism continuum in a bacterial symbiont
Authors: Herrera Paul , Schuster Lisa , Wentrup Cecilia , König Lena , Kempinger Thomas , Na Hyunsoo , Schwarz Jasmin , Köstlbacher Stephan , Wascher Florian , Zojer Markus , Rattei Thomas , Horn Matthias 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceSymbiotic relationships with microbes are ubiquitous among living beings and can be parasitic, such as in bacterial pathogens, or mutualistic, as in beneficial microbiomes. Among other factors, the outcome of microbe–host relationships is determined by the mode of symbiont transmission from host to host. Here we describe how bacterial symbionts increased in infectivity and virulence toward their amoeba host when transmission to a new host was essential for survival. The enhanced parasitism is a result of genomic changes and a pronounced switch of gene expression altering the symbionts’ mechanisms for host interaction. Our study provides both a molecular explanation as well as a blueprint for how changes in gene expression are sufficient to confer enhanced parasitism in microbes.
Bicontinuous phase separation of lithium-ion battery electrodes for ultrahigh areal loading
Authors: Lee Jung Tae , Jo Changshin , De Volder Michael 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Increasing the thickness of battery electrodes is an attractive approach to reduce the fraction of battery parts that do not store energy, such as current collectors and separators. However, the fabrication of thick electrodes holds challenges of its own such as cracking or flaking during the electrode production and limitations in ion and electron transport. To address the latter, advanced electrode templating techniques have been suggested, but these techniques are not scalable. In this work, ultrathick electrodes are fabricated on a pilot-scale roll-to-roll tool using a thermally induced phase segregation process. This electrode structuring method creates a bicontinuous electrolyte and electrode network with excellent ion and electron transport reducing the charge-transport challenges in thick electrodes.
Ultraflexible organic light-emitting diodes for optogenetic nerve stimulation
Authors: Kim Dongmin , Yokota Tomoyuki , Suzuki Toshiki , Lee Sunghoon , Woo Taeseong , Yukita Wakako , Koizumi Mari , Tachibana Yutaro , Yawo Hiromu , Onodera Hiroshi , Sekino Masaki , Someya Takao 
Published: August 2020

Significance
We have developed an ultraflexible and MRI-compatible optogenetic stimulator using organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), which activate channelrhodopsin-2–expressing neurons in transgenic animals. The OLEDs can be conformably attached to soft neuronal tissues, such as peripheral nerves or brain, and the superior mechanical flexibility significantly reduces mechanical damages to the tissues. They are also compatible with neuroimaging techniques such as MRI, while allowing investigation of the evoked activities induced by optical stimulations without artifact effects. Finally, we have successfully demonstrated the optical stimulation of the peripheral nerves and the brains of rats and visualized the evoked neuronal activities induced by optical stimulations using the functional MRI.
From dawn to dusk
Authors: García Adolfo M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This piece introduces a lifespan perspective on cognitive changes associated with sustained practice of simultaneous
interpreting. First, I briefly describe the elevated demands posed by this activity in training and work settings. Second, I argue that a
broad lifespan perspective on it requires tracking psychobiological reconfigurations in the preparation for, course of, and
withdrawal from sustained professional practice. Third, I summarize the core foci and findings of three articles
addressing each of those stages. To conclude, I propose that the field’s ongoing agenda should gravitate towards more age- and
experience-sensitive models and practices.
Sexual Enhancement Expectancy, Non-Medical use of Prescription Drugs, and Sexual Risk Behaviors in College Students
Authors: Tam Cheuk Chi , Benotsch Eric G. , Li Xiaoming 
Published: August 2020

Background American young adults have a high risk of sexually transmitted infections. Sexual risk behaviors may be influenced by psycho-behavioral factors, including substance use and sexual enhancement expectancy. Existing research suggested that substance use may mediate the relationship between sexual enhancement expectancy and sexual risk behaviors. The substance use literature also suggested that non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) was highly prevalent in college students and was associated with sexual risk. However, limited studies have examined NMUPD-related sexual enhancement expectancy. The current study examined the relationship among sexual enhancement expectancy, NMUPD, and sexual risk behaviors in college students. Methods Online data were collected in 2016 from 453 US college students with lifetime NMUPD. All participants reported their (1) past-three-month NMUPD, (2) NMUPD sexual enhancement expectancy, and (3) sexual risk behaviors. Structural equation modeling was employed for data analysis. Results Findings suggested significant associations of NMUPD with sexual enhancement expectancy and sexual risk behaviors. Sexual enhancement expectancy was indirectly associated with sexual risk behaviors through NMUPD. Conclusions College students’ sexual risk behaviors appear to be indirectly influenced by sexual enhancement expectancy through NMUPD. Future sexual risk reduction interventions should attend to sexual enhancement expectancy and NMUPD.
Identified Gaps and Opportunities in Perinatal Healthcare Delivery for Women in Treatment for Opioid use Disorder
Authors: Alexander Karen , Short Vanessa , Gannon Megan , Goyal Neera , Naegle Madeline , Abatemarco Diane J. 
Published: August 2020

Background Pregnancy and the delivery of an infant mark a unique time of engagement in healthcare for women in treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology calls for a comprehensive approach to perinatal healthcare delivery for pregnant women with OUD in order to facilitate improved health outcomes and increase patient-provider collaboration. Yet, there is little knowledge regarding the perceptions of women with OUD regarding the current delivery of healthcare which could inform a personalized, tailored approach to perinatal healthcare delivery. Methods Four focus groups consisting of 22 women with OUD were conducted, transcribed, and analysed using qualitative thematic analysis methodology. Results Women reported an overall lack of preparation for the birth and neonatal healthcare experiences and identified opportunities for greater support by the healthcare team. Women emphasized the desire for evidence-based preparation from trusted sources about delivery, neonatal abstinence syndrome, breastfeeding, and how their medications affect their pregnancy and baby. Women reported receiving a varied amount of support from healthcare providers in their transition to motherhood, but women predominantly reported receiving emotional and informational support from their mothers and partners. Conclusions The knowledge obtained in this study points to gaps in perinatal healthcare delivery for women with OUD. Improving the delivery of perinatal healthcare may contribute to increased engagement by women with OUD, and ultimately improve outcomes for a vulnerable population.
Program Development and Implementation Outcomes of a Statewide Addiction Consultation Service: Maryland Addiction Consultation Service (MACS)
Authors: Sweeney Sarah , Coble Kelly , Connors Elizabeth , Rebbert-Franklin Kathleen , Welsh Christopher , Weintraub Eric 
Published: August 2020

Background As the opioid epidemic continues, there is a mounting sense of urgency to improve access to high-quality early identification and treatment services. However, the need is outpacing capacity in many states and effective solutions to support primary care and specialty prescribers to identify and treat more patients with opioid use disorders are still emerging. This paper describes one state's approach to increase access to medication for opioid use disorders (MOUD) through development and implementation of a statewide addiction consultation service: Maryland Addiction Consultation Service (MACS). Methods Program components include a warmline, outreach and training, and resource and referral linkages for prescribers based on related consultation service models and documented barriers to prescribing MOUDs. Results Initial implementation outcomes indicate service components are being adopted as intended and by the target audience; many prescribers who engaged with the service have their buprenorphine waiver (44%) but do not have any additional formal addiction training (57%). Also, statewide penetration is promising with prescriber engagement in 100% of counites, however only 33% of counties in engaged in all four types of MACS services. Most calls (61%) originated from urban counties. Conclusions The MACS program increases access to specialty addiction medicine consultation and training through use of technology. MACS can serve as a model for other states looking to bridge the gap in access to addiction treatment.
Sensitivity and Specificity of S2BI for Identifying Alcohol and Cannabis use Disorders among Adolescents Presenting for Primary Care
Authors: Levy Sharon , Weitzman Elissa R. , Marin Alexandra C. , Magane Kara M. , Wisk Lauren E. , Shrier Lydia A. 
Published: August 2020

Background The Screening to Brief Intervention (S2BI) tool was designed to identify substance use disorders in adolescents. We report the S2BI's sensitivity and specificity for identifying alcohol and cannabis use disorders (AUD and CUD) in adolescents presenting for primary care. Methods Participants aged 14–18 ( N = 517) completed an electronic survey, consisting of the S2BI, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), and anxiety and depression screens. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value (PPV, NPV) of the S2BI compared to the CIDI criterion standard, using past year “monthly” and “weekly or more” consumption of alcohol or marijuana as a threshold for AUD or CUD. Results Current AUD and CUD were present in 2.9% and 8.3% of the sample, respectively and severe AUD and CUD were present in 0.8% and 3.9%. The S2BI had 53.3% sensitivity and 94.2% specificity for identifying any AUD (PPV = 21.6%; NPV = 98.5%), and 81.4% sensitivity and 92.0% specificity for identifying any CUD (PPV = 47.9%; NPV = 98.2%). The same threshold had 100% sensitivity and 93.6% specificity for identifying moderate/severe AUD, and 90.0% sensitivity and 89.0% specificity for identifying moderate/severe CUD. Conclusions S2BI had excellent sensitivity and specificity for identifying moderate and severe AUD and CUD. Sensitivity decreased when mild AUD and CUD were included.
Exploring the Formation of Treatment Program Director Perceptions on Entry-Level Social Workers’ Substance use Treatment Capacities in New York
Authors: Minnick Dane , Park Daejun 
Published: August 2020

Background This article examines how program directors of substance use treatment providers in New York state form their perceptions on the overall substance use treatment service delivery capacities of newly graduated, entry-level social workers. Methods The study discussed consisted of a cross-sectional, quantitative survey of treatment program directors in New York state ( n = 245). Program directors were asked to rate entry-level social workers’ treatment skills, knowledge of treatment concepts, and overall preparedness to deliver treatment services in the field upon first entering the professional workforce. The collected data were then analyzed using multiple regression analyses to identify associations between the skill and knowledge items and perceptions of overall preparedness. Results The results of the study showed that five of the ten skill and knowledge competency items were significantly linked with program directors’ perceptions of entry-level social workers’ overall preparedness to deliver treatment services, with the model accounting for 62% of the variance in the dependent variable. Of the independent variables with significant associations, the assessment competency item accounted for 50% of the variance, while the other four variables explained 1.2–6.4% of the variance respectively. Conclusions The findings of the study suggest that training curriculums should strongly emphasize assessment competencies for new practitioners, and that implementing a standardized training curriculum is beneficial for the professional growth and preparedness of practitioners entering into the treatment field.
Opioid Knowledge and Perceptions among Hispanic/Latino Residents in Los Angeles
Authors: Unger Jennifer B. , Molina Gregory B. , Baron Melvin F. 
Published: August 2020

Background Most research and health education efforts to address the opioid crisis have focused on white populations. However, opioid use, opioid use disorder, and opioid overdose deaths also have increased among Hispanics. Methods This study conducted four focus groups in a Hispanic community in Southern California ( N = 45) to assess opioid-related knowledge, perceptions, and preventive behaviors among Hispanic residents. Focus group questions assessed medication storage, disposal, and sharing; opioid-related knowledge; how to recognize a drug problem; perceptions of the extent of the opioid use problem in the community; and sources of help for drug problems. Results Qualitative analysis revealed that most participants were aware of the potential dangers of opioids and the importance of keeping them out of the reach of children. However, participants reported stockpiling, sharing, and borrowing prescription medications for financial reasons. They perceived marijuana use as a larger problem in the community than opioids. They were familiar with the behavioral indicators of opioid addiction, but they were unaware of the availability of naloxone to reverse overdoses. They were ambivalent about searching for information about opioids and treatment options because they lacked self-efficacy to find accurate information on the internet. Conclusions Findings identify some knowledge gaps about opioids among Hispanics and suggest opportunities for culturally accessible health education to provide Hispanics with information about opioid use disorder, overdose reversal, and treatment options.
A proteoglycan extract fromGanoderma Lucidumprotects pancreatic beta-cells against STZ-induced apoptosis
Authors: Liang Haohui , Pan Yanna , Teng Yilong , Yuan Shilin , Wu Xiao , Yang Hongjie , Zhou Ping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe pancreatic β-cell death or dysfunction induced by oxidative stress plays an important effect on the development and progression of diabetes mellitus. Based on our previous findings, a natural proteoglycan extracted from Ganoderma Lucidum, named FYGL, could treat T2DM in vivo. In this study, we investigated the effects of FYGL on STZ-induced apoptosis of INS-1 cells and its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that FYGL significantly improved the cell viability and alleviated the apoptosis in STZ-treated INS-1 cells. Moreover, FYGL markedly decreased the intracellular ROS accumulation and NO release, and deactivated NF-κB, JNK, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in STZ-induced INS-1 cells. Furthermore, FYGL improved the insulin secretion through inhibiting the activation of JNK and improving the expression of Pdx-1 in INS-1 cells damaged by STZ. These results indicated that FYGL could protect pancreatic β-cells against apoptosis and dysfunction, and be used as a promising pharmacological medicine for diabetes management.Abbreviations: T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; FYGL: Fudan-Yueyang G. lucidum; ROS: reactive oxygen species; NO: reactive oxygen species; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa beta; JNK: c-jun N-terminal kinase; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; Pdx-1: Pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1
Spin-gapless and -gapped band structures of non-compensated bonding BN/Graphene bilayer
Authors: Hao Dongfeng , Xiaoyu Han , Zi Yanbo , Li Chong , Niu Chunyao , Wang Fei , Cho Jun-Hyung , Jia Yu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Magnetized graphene is a promising candidate for spintronic devices, where half-semimetallic or -semiconducting property is highly desirable. Using first-principles calculations, we show that stable ferromagnetic ordering can exist readily in non-compensated bonding BN/graphene bilayer with triangular defects (TDs) by analogizing with bonding BN/BN bilayer observed in experiment. More intriguingly, regardless of the non-compensated defect states in the gap, such spin-polarized BN/graphene bilayer exhibits spin-gapless and -gapped semiconducting band structures with quadratic and linear dispersion, respectively, depending on the size of TDs. The massive or massless electronic states of bonding BN/graphene are associated with the electron localization degree at the zigzag edges of TDs. Our findings might provide another feasible strategy to realize stable magnetized graphene and engineer its electronic and magnetic features.
Geometric uncertainty analysis of MLC tracking for lung SABR
Authors: Caillet Vincent , Zwan Benjamin , Briggs Adam , Hardcastle Nicholas , Szymura Kathryn , Prodreka Alexander , O’Brien Ricky , Harris Ben E , Greer Peter , Haddad Carol , Jayamanne Dasantha , Eade Thomas , Booth Jeremy , Keall Paul 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Purpose. The purpose of this work was to report on the geometric uncertainty for patients treated with multi-leaf collimator (MLC) tracking for lung SABR to verify the accuracy of the system. Methods. Seventeen patients were treated as part of the MLC tracking for lung SABR clinical trial using electromagnetic beacons implanted around the tumor acting as a surrogate for target motion. Sources of uncertainties evaluated in the study included the surrogate-target positional uncertainty, the beam-surrogate tracking uncertainty, the surrogate localization uncertainty, and the target delineation uncertainty. Probability density functions (PDFs) for each source of uncertainty were constructed for the cohort and each patient. The total PDFs was computed using a convolution approach. The 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to quantify these uncertainties. Results. For the cohort, the surrogate-target positional uncertainty 95% CIs were ±2.5 mm (−2.0/3.0 mm) in left-right (LR), ±3.0 mm (−1.6/4.5 mm) in superior–inferior (SI) and ±2.0 mm (−1.8/2.1 mm) in anterior–posterior (AP). The beam-surrogate tracking uncertainty 95% CIs were ±2.1 mm (−2.1/2.1 mm) in LR, ±2.8 mm (−2.8/2.7 mm) in SI and ±2.1 mm (−2.1/2.0 mm) in AP directions. The surrogate localization uncertainty minimally impacted the total PDF with a width of ±0.6 mm. The target delineation uncertainty distribution 95% CIs were ±5.4 mm. For the total PDF, the 95% CIs were ±5.9 mm (−5.8/6.0 mm) in LR, ±6.7 mm (−5.8/7.5 mm) in SI and ±6.0 mm (−5.5/6.5 mm) in AP. Conclusion. This work reports the geometric uncertainty of MLC tracking for lung SABR by accounting for the main sources of uncertainties that occurred during treatment. The overall geometric uncertainty is within ±6.0 mm in LR and AP directions and ±6.7 mm in SI. The dominant uncertainty was the target delineation uncertainty. This geometric analysis helps put into context the range of uncertainties that may be expected during MLC tracking for lung SABR (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT02514512).
Study of suprathermal electron dynamics during electron cyclotron current drive using hard x-ray measurements in the TCV tokamak
Authors: Choi D , Coda S , Decker J , Cazabonne J A , Peysson Y 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Suprathermal electron dynamics in real and momentum spaces plays an important role in the physics of electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD), in particular for predicting the wave driven current. In the TCV tokamak, a hard x-ray spectroscopy system equipped with digital pulse detection enables detailed studies of the creation and relaxation of suprathermal electrons. The time evolution of hard x-ray spatial profiles and energy spectra is observed utilizing a minimally perturbative ECCD modulation technique. Time-dependent Fokker-Planck modeling combined with a hard x-ray synthetic diagnostic is used to interpret experimental results and test various suprathermal electron transport models. The comparison suggests a dependency of the radial transport on the EC wave power.