bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Portrait des compétences informationnelles des étudiants du réseau de l’Université du Québec
Authors: Courcelles Michel , Papin Dominique , Séguin Catherine , Langevin Harnois Félix , Rondeau Eve-Lyne 
Published: September 2020

L’article présente une enquête du Groupe de travail sur la promotion et le développement des compétences informationnelles (GT-PDCI), lancée à l’automne 2018. Cette enquête visait à vérifier l’hypothèse que le niveau des compétences informationnelles des étudiants du réseau de l’Université du Québec n’atteint pas le niveau requis par le parcours universitaire ou attendu par le marché du travail.
Le questionnaire est composé de 22 questions basées sur les fondements des compétences informationnelles et a pour objectif d’identifier les stratégies utilisées par les étudiants et les connaissances mobilisées par ceux-ci lors de tâches liées aux compétences informationnelles. Les questions, à choix multiples, présentent des mises en situation et demandent à l’étudiant de choisir la meilleure stratégie ou attitude à adopter par rapport à un problème informationnel.
Les trois quarts des questions ont été réussis par moins de 50 % des répondants. En général, les répondants utilisent des stratégies qui mettent à contribution leurs compétences informationnelles, mais ils auraient avantage à utiliser des stratégies plus précises et plus efficaces, qui semblent méconnues ou mal maîtrisées.
Du bénévolat au crowdsourcing
Authors: Proulx Geneviève 
Published: September 2020

Alors que le bénévolat continue de faire partie du paysage habituel des bibliothèques, le crowdsourcing demeure une activité peu pratiquée et encore méconnue pour plusieurs d’entre elles. Pourtant, tout comme le bénévolat, le crowdsourcing encourage l’implication des citoyens dans leurs activités régulières et suscite leur intérêt pour l’engagement social.
Cet article présente l’évolution de la participation citoyenne dans les bibliothèques, à travers la comparaison entre le bénévolat traditionnel et le crowdsourcing, et explore les différences facettes de ce dernier afin de favoriser une meilleure compréhension de son application et de ses bénéfices pour les milieux documentaires.
Mayfly emergence production and body length response to hydrology in a tropical lowland stream
Authors: Gutiérrez-Fonseca Pablo E. , Ramírez Alonso 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundHydrological impacts on aquatic biota have been assessed in numerous empirical studies. Aquatic insects are severely affected by population declines and consequent diversity loss. However, many uncertainties remain regarding the effects of hydrology on insect production and the consequences of energy transfer to the terrestrial ecosystem. Likewise, sublethal effects on insect morphology remain poorly quantified in highly variable environments. Here, we characterized monthly fluctuation in benthic and emerged biomass of Ephemeroptera in a tropical lowland stream. We quantified the proportion of mayfly production that emerges into the riparian forest. We also examined the potential morphological changes inFarrodes caribbianus(the most abundant mayfly in our samples) due to environmental stress.MethodsWe collected mayflies (nymphs and adults) in a first-order stream in Costa Rica. We compared benthic and adult biomass from two years’ worth of samples, collected with a core sampler (0.006 m2) and a 2 m2-emergence trap. The relationship between emergence and annual secondary production (E/P) was used to estimate the Ephemeroptera production that emerged as adults. A model selection approach was used to determine the relationship between environmental variables that were collected monthly and the emergent biomass. To determine potential departures from perfect bilateral symmetry, we evaluated the symmetry of two morphological traits (forceps and forewing) ofF. caribbianusadults. We used Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (ρ) to examine potential changes in adult body length as a possible response to environmental stress.ResultsBenthic biomass was variable, with peaks throughout the study period. However, peaks in benthic biomass did not lead to increases in mayfly emergence, which remained stable over time. Relatively constant mayfly emergence suggests that they were aseasonal in tropical lowland streams. Our E/P estimate indicated that approximately 39% and 20% (for 2002 and 2003, respectively) of the nymph production emerged as adults. Our estimated proportion of mayfly production transferred to terrestrial ecosystems was high relative to reports from temperate regions. We observed a strong negative response ofF.caribbianusbody length to increased hydrology (Spearman: ρ = −0.51,p< 0.001), while slight departures from perfect symmetry were observed in all traits.ConclusionOur two years study demonstrates that there was large temporal variability in mayfly biomass that was unrelated to hydrological fluctuations, but potentially related to trophic interactions (e.g., fish predation). Body length was a good indicator of environmental stress, which could have severe associated costs for mayfly fitness in ecosystems with high temporal variation. Our results highlight the complex ecological and evolutionary dynamics of tropical aquatic insects, and the intricate connection between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
Potential of Climate Smart Agriculture in Preventing Post Harvest Loses: Instant Fufu Powder Production among Rural Women in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Olagunju F. I. , Babatunde R. O. , Adeojo R. J. 
Published: September 2020

This study focused on creation of market opportunities of instant fufu powder for smallholder women farmers in Oriire local government, Oyo state, Nigeria. The purpose of the project at the rural level was to ensure creation and encouragement of more of off-farm activities like processing, storage and marketing. A multistage random sampling technique was adopted to select 240 farmers/processors involved in development of value chains for Cassava flour to improve their livelihoods and incomes as direct beneficiaries. Demonstration /training were done with the assistance of trained personnel for better understanding. Physical and live practices were used for the demonstration. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics.
The result of the study showed that 90.8% of the farmers take their products to the market with the enthusiasm of selling all, but often these products are not fully sold due to higher supply of the same products with lower demand in the market places. The adoption of fufu powder processing by the rural women did not result in acquisition of new assets although 88% of the beneficiaries reported increase in their capability to meet expenditure on food, children education, and meeting social obligations like naming ceremonies. Currently a 1 kg of mechanically processed odourless powder ‘fufu’ retails for N250 in Nigeria.
The study concluded that, the powdered cassava ‘flour’ packaging business is a potentially acceptable business that prevents post-harvest losses. It is still calling for massive investment by aspiring entrepreneurs. This will ensure capabilities to meet food requirements of a growing population by eliminating losses, making more nutritive food items from raw commodities.
Agriculture Sector Credit and Output Relationship in Nepal
Authors: Dahal Arjun Kumar , Thapa Khagendra Kumar 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the condition of priority of commercial banks to provide loans to the agricultural sector and to find the relationship and impact of agricultural loans to the agricultural GDP of Nepal.
Objectives: This study aims to compare the condition of loan disbursements in agricultural and manufacturing sectors. It further aims to compare loan percent with growth and contribution to the GDP of the agricultural and industrial sectors and tries to show the impact of agricultural loans to the agricultural GDP of Nepal.
Methods: It was based on a descriptive and analytical research design. Statistical tools standard deviation, correlation, regression, etc. are used and Excel, and EViews software are used for the statistical calculations. Statistical calculations and graphs are simultaneously used to show and compare the condition of variables.
Results: Commercial banks give higher priority to the manufacturing sector for loans than the agricultural sector. The Johansen Co-integration test indicates no long-run relationship between loans of commercial banks and agricultural output in Nepal. However, the least-squares method, it indicates that a positive causal relationship between agricultural loans and agricultural growth.
Implications: The loans of commercial banks directly stimulate the growth of agriculture but the amount of growth is less noticeable. Thus, it is concluded that the commercial bank's loan alone cannot affect and control the growth of the agricultural sector of the Nepalese economy therefore the government should increase its expenditure on the agricultural sector.
Novosphingobium
Authors: Kumar Roshan , Kumari Sumeeta , Anil Kumar Pinnaka , Lal Rup 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

No.vo.sphin.go'bi.um. L. masc. adj.
novus
new; N.L. neut. n.
Sphingobium
a bacterial genus; N.L. neut. n.
Novosphingobium
a new
Sphingobium
.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Sphingomonadales / Sphingomonadaceae / Novosphingobium

The genus
Novosphingobium
accommodates Gram‐negative, aerobic, nonsporulating, chemoorganotrophic, and rod‐shaped bacteria which are metabolically versatile. The members of this genus have been isolated from a wide range of ecological habitats including soil, coastal and freshwater sediments, deep‐sea environments, groundwater, wastewater treatment plants, activated sludge, contaminated groundwater, bioremediation reactor, hexachlorocyclohexane‐contaminated soil, oil‐contaminated sites, polychlorinated‐dioxin‐contaminated environments, rice seeds, rhizosphere, and plants. Morphologically, the colonies are mostly yellow in color, convex, circular, and smooth. Most of these isolates can be subcultured on R2A agar and may or may not be catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive. Similarly, they may or may not reduce nitrate into nitrite. C
18:1
ω7
c
is the major fatty acid present in the membranes of the genus
Novosphingobium
. The major quinone is ubiquinone‐10, while the major polyamine is spermidine. The major polar lipids observed in
Novosphingobium
are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, sphingoglycolipid, and phosphatidylcholine.
The DNA G
+
C content
(
mol%
): varies between 57.7 and 69.1, lowest in the case of
Novosphingobium marinum
and highest in the case of
Novosphingobium bradum
.

DNA G + C content (mol%):
57.7–69.1.

Type species:

Novosphingobium capsulatum

(Leifson 1962) Takeuchi et al. 2001.
Pseudobacteroides
Authors: Tonouchi Akio 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Pseu.do.bac.te.ro'i.des. Gr. adj.
pseudês
false; N.L. masc. n.
Bacteroides
a bacterial generic name; N.L. masc. n.
Pseudobacteroides
false
Bacteroides
, so named for the original misclassification of the type species.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Eubacteriales / Oscillospiraceae / Pseudobacteroides

Cells are Gram‐stain‐negative, thermotolerant, non‐spore‐forming, nonmotile, and strictly anaerobic rods (0.8–6 μm), occurring singly, in pairs, or occasionally in chains of up to eight cells. Cells grow at 20–45°C, with an optimum at 40°C and pH 6.0–8.0, with an optimum at 7.0. Cells tolerate the heat treatment at 75°C for 10 min. Growth occurs by anaerobic fermentation of cellobiose and recalcitrant cellulosic materials. The major fermentation products are acetate, ethanol, H
2
, and CO
2
. The major cellular fatty acids are C
16:0
, iso‐C
15:0
, and C
16:0
. The closest relative of the genus
Pseudobacteroides
is the genus
Anaerobacterium
based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Phylogenetically, a member of the family
Oscillospiraceae
in the phylum
Firmicutes
. The genus
Pseudobacteroides
contains one species with a validly published name
Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens
isolated from a methanogenic cellulose enrichment culture of municipal sewage sludge in Canada.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 35.6 (genome analysis).

Type species
:
Pseudobacteroides cellulosolvens
Horino et al. 2014
VP
(
Bacteroides cellulosolvens
Murray et al. 1984
VP
).
Ursidibacter
Authors: Hansen Mie J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Ur.si.di.bac'ter. N.L. fem. pl. n.
Ursidae
, taxonomic name for the bear family; N.L. masc. n. bacter a rod; N.L. masc. n.
Ursidibacter
rod isolated from
Ursidae
.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Pasteurellales / Pasteurellaceae / Ursidibacter

Nonmotile, nonhemolytic, fermentative, and Gram‐negative rods that are catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive. Positive reactions are obtained for ONPG and PNPG. Negative reactions are obtained for methyl red, alkaline phosphatase, and urease. Do not require X‐ or V‐factors. Nitrates are reduced to nitrites, but nitrites are not reduced. Acid is produced from
l
‐arabinose, dulcitol,
d
‐mannitol,
d
‐mannose, maltose,
l
‐rhamnose, and trehalose but not from
d
‐sucrose. Variable reactions are obtained for indole.

The main fatty acids for the type strain Pb43106 are C
14:0
, C
16:1
ω7
c
, C
16:0
, and summed features C
18:2
ω6,9
c
/C
18:0
ANTE. Respiratory quinones are ubiquinone‐7 (55%) and ubiquinone‐8 (45%) and the DNA G + C content 37.9 mol%.
Ursidibacter
has been isolated from the oral cavity of healthy polar and brown bears.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 37.9 to 38.03 (genome analysis).

Type species
:
Ursidibacter maritimus
Hansen et al. 2015
VP
.
Ultrahigh Areal Capacity Hydrogen‐Ion Batteries with MoO3 Loading Over 90 mg cm−2
Authors: Su Zhen , Ren Wenhao , Guo Haocheng , Peng Xuancheng , Chen Xianjue , Zhao Chuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh areal capacity electrodes are essential to practical energy storage devices to achieve high volumetric capacity with compacted size. However, high loading of active materials remains a fundamental challenge for most metal‐ion batteries (e.g., Li+, Na+, K+) due to sluggish mass transfer kinetics and poor processability. Here, an ultrahigh areal capacity MoO3 electrode based on high loading for hydrogen‐ion battery is shown. Hydrogen ions can rapidly intercalate/deintercalate into/from MoO3‐nanofibers anode with a high specific capacity of 235 mAh g−1 at 5 C and superior rate capability up to 200 C at a low loading (≈1 mg cm−2). Attributed to the ultrafast H+ diffusion in thick MoO3 electrode, an areal capacity of 22.4 mAh cm−2 is achieved at the loading over 90.48 mg cm−2, which is the highest areal capacity ever reported for electrodes of rechargeable batteries, to the best of the authors’ knowledge. This study paves the way toward high areal capacity batteries with high‐loading active materials.
Highly Scalable and Robust Mesa‐Island‐Structure Metal‐Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors and Integrated Circuits Enabled by Stress‐Diffusive Manipulation
Authors: Kim Kyung‐Tae , Moon Sanghee , Kim Minho , Jo Jeong‐Wan , Park Chan‐Yong , Kang Seung‐Han , Kim Yong‐Hoon , Park Sung Kyu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe increasing interest in flexible and wearable electronics has demanded a dramatic improvement of mechanical robustness in electronic devices along with high‐resolution implemented architectures. In this study, a site‐specific stress‐diffusive manipulation is demonstrated to fulfill highly robust and ultraflexible amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) and integrated circuits. The photochemically activated combustion sol–gel a‐IGZO TFTs on a mesa‐structured polyimide show an average saturation mobility of 6.06 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a threshold voltage of −0.99 V with less than 9% variation, followed by 10 000 bending cycles with a radius of 125 μm. More importantly, the site‐specific monolithic formation of mesa pillar‐structured devices can provide fully integrated logic circuits such as seven‐stage ring‐oscillators, meeting the industrially needed device density and scalability. To exploit the underlying stress‐diffusive mechanism, a physical model is provided by using a variety of chemical, structural, and electrical characterizations along with multidomain finite‐element analysis simulation. The physical models reveal that a highly scalable and robust device can be achieved via the site‐specific mesa architecture, by enabling generation of multineutral layers and fine‐tuning the accumulated stresses on specific element of devices with their diffusion out into the boundary of the mesa regions.
Confined Fe–Cu Clusters as Sub‐Nanometer Reactors for Efficiently Regulating the Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Qiu Siyao , Feng Jianmin , Tong Yueyu , Zhou Fengling , Li Qinye , Song Li , Chen Shuangming , Wu Kuang‐Hsu , Su Panpan , Ye Sheng , Hou Feng , Dou Shi Xue , Liu Hua Kun , (Max) Lu Gao Qing , Sun Chenghua , Liu Jian , Liang Ji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractElectrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) over nonprecious‐metal and single‐atom catalysts has received increasing attention as a sustainable strategy to synthesize ammonia. However, the atomic‐scale regulation of such active sites for NRR catalysis remains challenging because of the large distance between them, which significantly weakens their cooperation. Herein, the utilization of regular surface cavities with unique microenvironment on graphitic carbon nitride as “subnano reactors” to precisely confine multiple Fe and Cu atoms for NRR electrocatalysis is reported. The synergy of Fe and Cu atoms in such confined subnano space provides significantly enhanced NRR performance, with nearly doubles ammonia yield and 54%‐increased Faradic efficiency up to 34%, comparing with the single‐metal counterparts. First principle simulation reveals this synergistic effect originates from the unique Fe–Cu coordination, which effectively modifies the N2 absorption, improves electron transfer, and offers extra redox couples for NRR. This work thus provides new strategies of manipulating catalysts active centers at the sub‐nanometer scale.
Leveraging mRNA Sequences and Nanoparticles to Deliver SARS‐CoV‐2 Antigens In Vivo
Authors: Zeng Chunxi , Hou Xucheng , Yan Jingyue , Zhang Chengxiang , Li Wenqing , Zhao Weiyu , Du Shi , Dong Yizhou 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 has become a pandemic worldwide; therefore, an effective vaccine is urgently needed. Recently, messenger RNAs (mRNAs) have emerged as a promising platform for vaccination. In this work, the untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs are systematically engineered in order to enhance protein production. Through a comprehensive analysis of endogenous gene expression and de novo design of UTRs, the optimal combination of 5′ and 3′ UTR are identified and termed NASAR, which are 5‐ to 10‐fold more efficient than the tested endogenous UTRs. More importantly, NASAR mRNAs delivered by lipid‐derived TT3 nanoparticles trigger a dramatic expression of potential SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens. The antigen‐specific antibodies induced by TT3‐nanoparticles and NASAR mRNAs are over two orders of magnitude more than that induced by the FDA‐approved lipid nanoparticle material MC3 in vaccinated mice. These NASAR mRNAs merit further development as alternative SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated S−H Bond Insertion Reactions of Diazoalkanes with Cysteine Residues in Batch and Flow
Authors: Qin Long‐Zhou , Yuan Xin , Cui Yu‐Sheng , Sun Qi , Duan Xiu , Zhuang Kai‐Qiang , Chen Lin , Qiu Jiang‐Kai , Guo Kai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe describe the application of S−H bond insertion reactions of aryl diazoacetates with cysteine residues that enabled metal‐free, S−H functionalization under visible‐light conditions. Moreover, this process could be intensified by a continuous‐flow photomicroreactor on the acceleration of the reaction (6.5 min residence time). The batch and flow protocols described were applied to obtain a wide range of functionalized cysteine derivatives and cysteine‐containing dipeptides, thus providing a straightforward and general platform for their functionalizations in mild conditions.magnified image
High‐Efficiency Solution‐Processed Two‐Terminal Hybrid Tandem Solar Cells Using Spectrally Matched Inorganic and Organic Photoactive Materials
Authors: Aqoma Havid , Imran Imil Fadli , Wibowo Febrian Tri Adhi , Krishna Narra Vamsi , Lee Wooseop , Sarker Ashis K. , Ryu Du Yeol , Jang Sung‐Yeon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of inorganic perovskite‐based solar cells (PSCs) is considerably less than that of organic‐inorganic hybrid PSCs due to their wider bandgap, inorganic perovskites are great candidates for the front cell in tandem devices. Herein, the low‐temperature solution‐processed two‐terminal hybrid tandem solar cell devices based on spectrally matched inorganic perovskite and organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) are demonstrated. By matching optical properties of front and back cells using CsPbI2Br and PTB7‐Th:IEICO‐4F BHJ as the active materials, a remarkably enhanced stabilized PCE (18.04%) in the hybrid tandem device as compared to that of the single‐junction device (9.20% for CsPbI2Br and 10.45% for PTB7‐Th:IEICO‐4F) is achieved. Notably, the PCE of the hybrid tandem device is thus far the highest PCE among the reported tandem devices based on perovskite and organic material. Moreover, the long‐term stability of inorganic perovskite devices under humid conditions is improved in the hybrid tandem device due to the hydrophobicity of the PTB7‐Th:IEICO‐4F back cell. In addition, the potential promise of this type of hybrid tandem device is calculated, where a PCE of as much as ≈28% is possible by improving the external quantum efficiency and reducing energy loss in the sub‐cells.
Electrochemical Fixation of Carbon Dioxide in Molten Salts on Liquid Zinc Cathode to Zinc@Graphitic Carbon Spheres for Enhanced Energy Storage
Authors: Lv Teng , Xiao Juanxiu , Weng Wei , Xiao Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFixation of carbon dioxide into advanced energy materials is an ideal protocol to address challenges in energy and environmental sustainability, with the efficiency of CO2 fixation and the functionality of derived materials being the key‐enabling factors. Herein, using a liquid zinc cathode for CO2 fixation in molten salts, CO2 is electrochemically converted to graphitic carbon shells over spherical Zn cores, namely, Zn@C. The liquid Zn serves as a depolarizer to facilitate the reduction of CO2, and also a soft template to direct the generation of core–shell Zn@C spheres. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the coexisting Zn can enlarge the interlayer gap of graphitic carbon and induce a strong electronic interaction with AlCl4−. Such a strong coupling between Zn and carbon hence offers an enhanced energy storage capability of the Zn@C. The present study provides suggestions for enhancing efficiency of CO2 fixation and value‐added utilization of nonferrous metals.