bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Internet Meme as a Tool for Promoting Nationalism in the Network Society: The Case of “American Youth for Nationalism” Facebook Page
Authors: Kanashina Svetlana 
Published: July 2020

The Internet Meme as a Tool for Promoting Nationalism in the Network Society: The Case of “American Youth for Nationalism” Facebook PageIn view of the rapid growth of “online nationalism” in recent years, this study explores the contribution of Internet memes to promoting nationalism on the Internet. The presented discourse analysis of 150 nationalist-themed memes retrieved from Facebook was conducted with the aim of examining the mechanisms of this multimodal phenomenon. As such, then, the study investigated the nature of nationalist rhetoric in Internet memes. The findings indicate that they are an efficient platform for open and radical proliferation of nationalism online. The study also revealed the functions of memes in the process of disseminating nationalism: they function as a consolidating force for nationalistically-minded people, as a token of national identity, and as a platform of free speech. The article concludes that nationalism actively exploits the space of a new genre of Internet discourse – the Internet meme. Finally, it also notes some practical implications of the study and the perspective for future research in the field. Memy internetowe jako narzędzie promowania nacjonalizmu w społeczeństwie sieciowym – strona „American Youth for Nationalism” na FacebookuWobec postępującego gwałtownie w ostatnich latach rozwoju „nacjonalizmu online” artykuł przedstawia udział memów w promowaniu treści nacjonalistycznych w Internecie. W celu ukazania mechanizmów kierujących tym multimodalnym zjawiskiem analizie dyskursu poddano 150 memów o tematyce nacjonalistycznej zebranych na Facebooku. W rezultacie przedstawiony został charakter obecnej w memach internetowych retoryki nacjonalistycznej. Wyniki badania ukazują memy jako skuteczną platformę otwartego propagowania radykalnych treści narodowych online. Analiza ujawniła ponadto konkretne role, jakie mogą one odgrywać w rozpowszechnianiu nacjonalizmu. Memy stanowią zatem narzędzie pomagające jednoczyć osoby o podobnych przekonaniach, służą również jako znacznik tożsamości i platforma nieskrępowanej wolności wypowiedzi. Artykuł wyraźnie wskazuje, że nacjonalizm aktywnie korzysta z przestrzeni oferowanej przez nowy gatunek komunikacji internetowej, jaki stanowią memy. W zakończeniu zawarte zostały wnioski praktyczne oraz możliwe kierunki przyszłych badań.
Piętno a wartość języka. Sytuacja gwar małopolskich na Bukowinie rumuńskiej
Authors: Stempel-Gancarczyk Karina 
Published: July 2020

Stigma versus Value of the Language: The Situation of Polish Dialects in Romanian BukovinaThis article presents the current situation of users of local dialects of the Lesser Poland regional dialect of Polish (gwary małopolskie) in Romanian Bukovina. Owing to demographic processes as well as social and cultural conditions, their number continues to fall. The latest research indicates that in the case of several villages with the Polish population it is difficult to talk about local dialects anymore: they have been substituted with what can be more adequately referred to as “a group of idiolects”. Such communities in Romanian Bukovina are composed of people whose ancestors originally came from the Lesser Poland region in Poland. By contrast, Bukovinian highlanders are the only group of Poles in Romania in which local dialect is still passed between generations. The article attempts to answer the question why only in this group the dialectal speech of their ancestors has remained a value, as apparent in its intergenerational transmission. Piętno a wartość języka. Sytuacja gwar małopolskich na Bukowinie rumuńskiejArtykuł zawiera opis współczesnej sytuacji socjolingwistycznej użytkowników gwar małopolskich na Bukowinie rumuńskiej. Procesy demograficzne oraz uwarunkowania społeczno-kulturowe sprawiły, że liczba ich użytkowników jest coraz mniejsza. Jak udowadniają najnowsze badania, w wypadku niektórych miejscowości zamieszkałych przez Polaków trudno już mówić o gwarach – ze względu na liczbę użytkowników bardziej adekwatnym określeniem może wydawać się określenie „zespół idiolektów”. Do tego typu społeczności należą użytkownicy gwar małopolskich na Bukowinie rumuńskiej. Niejako w opozycji do nich sytuują się górale bukowińscy, jedyna grupa Polaków w Rumunii, w której obecna jest pokoleniowa transmisja gwary. Zasadniczą treścią artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, jakie czynniki sprawiły, że tylko w tej grupie użytkowników język przodków pozostał żywotną wartością, co przejawia się w obecności transmisji pokoleniowej gwary.
Combined Phacoemulsification and Pars Plana Vitrectomy for the Treatment of Cataract in Patients With Noninfectious Uveitis
Authors: Conrady Christopher D. , Shakoor Akbar , Patel Rachel , Larochelle Marissa , Moshirfar Majid , Chaya Craig J. , Jacoby Rachael , Vitale Albert T. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: This work evaluates the role of combined phacoemulsification and vitrectomy surgery in the management of cataract associated with noninfectious uveitis. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients aged 7 years or older who underwent a combined surgical approach from 2005 to 2018. Results: Eighty-five eyes of 67 patients were included in the study; 10.7% of eyes had a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/40 or better at time of surgery. At 1-year follow-up, 63.4% of eyes had a BCVA 20/40 or better and 7.6% had a BCVA of 20/200 or worse. There was an overall decrease in cystoid macular edema after surgery compared with preoperatively (47.6% vs 34.5% presurgery and postsurgery, respectively). Complete inflammatory disease remission off immunomodulatory therapy and systemic steroids was achieved in 21.1% of patients. Conclusions: A combined surgical approach is effective in visual rehabilitation in patients with uveitic cataracts and may promote inflammatory disease remission specifically in intermediate uveitis.
Bacterial production of vanadium ferrite spinel (Fe,V)3O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Coker Victoria S , van der Laan Gerrit , Telling Neil D , Lloyd Jonathan R , Byrne James M , Arenholz Elke , Pattrick Richard AD 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBiogenic nanoscale vanadium magnetite is produced by converting V(V)-bearing ferrihydrites through reductive transformation using the metal-reducing bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens. With increasing vanadium in the ferrihydrite, the amount of V-doped magnetite produced decreased due to V-toxicity which interrupted the reduction pathway ferrihydrite–magnetite, resulting in siderite or goethite formation. Fe L2,3 and V L2,3 X-ray absorption spectra and data from X-ray magnetic circular dichroism analysis revealed the magnetite to contain the V in the Fe(III) Oh site, predominately as V(III) but always with a component of V(VI), present a consistent V(IV)/V(III) ratio in the range 0.28 to 0.33. The bacteriogenic production of V-doped magnetite nanoparticles from V-doped ferrihydrite is confirmed and the work reveals that microbial reduction of contaminant V(V) to V(III)/V(IV) in the environment will occur below the Fe-redox boundary where it will be immobilised in biomagnetite nanoparticles.
NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia: from bench to bedside
Authors: Falini Brunangelo , Brunetti Lorenzo , Sportoletti Paolo , Martelli Maria Paola 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe nucleophosmin (NPM1) gene encodes for a multifunctional protein with prominent nucleolar localization that shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm. NPM1 mutations represent the most common genetic lesion in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML; about one third of cases), and they act deterministically to cause the aberrant cytoplasmic delocalization of NPM1 mutants. Because of its unique features, NPM1-mutated AML is recognized as a distinct entity in the 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematopoietic neoplasms. Here, we focus on recently identified functions of wild-type NPM1 in the nucleolus and address new biological and clinical issues related to NPM1-mutated AML. The relevance of the cooperation between NPM1 and other mutations in driving AML with different outcomes is presented. We also discuss the importance of eradicating NPM1-mutated clones to achieve AML cure and the impact of preleukemic clonal hematopoiesis persistence in predisposing to second AML. The contribution of HOX genes’ expression to the development of NPM1-mutated AML is also highlighted. Clinically, yet unsolved diagnostic issues in the 2017 WHO classification of myeloid neoplasms and the importance of NPM1 mutations in defining the framework of European LeukemiaNet genetic-based risk stratification are discussed. Finally, we address the value and limits of NPM1-based measurable residual disease assessment for treatment guidance and present the results of promising preclinical studies with XPO1 and menin-MLL inhibitors.
Treatment outcomes of patients with tuberculosis in war affected region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Tauseef , Jadoon Muhammad Ayub , Khan Muhammad , Haroon  , Khan Muhammad Mumtaz , Hussain Akbar , Musa Taha Hussein , Waqar Muhammad , Ejeta Eyasu , Karami Manoochehr , Alene Kefyalew Addis , Jin Hui 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Globally, tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious disease. TB treatment outcome is an important indicator for the effectiveness of a national TB control program. This study aimed to assess treatment outcomes of TB patients and its determinants in Batkhela, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was designed using all TB patients who were enrolled at District Head Quarter (DHQ) Hospital Batkhela, Pakistan, from January 2011 to December 2014. A binary logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with successful TB treatment outcomes defined as the sum of cure and completed treatment.

Results
A total of 515 TB patients were registered, of which 237 (46%) were males and 278 (53.98%) females. Of all patients, 234 (45.44%) were cured and 210 (40.77%) completed treatment. The overall treatment success rate was 444 (86.21%). Age 0–20 years (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 3.47; 95% confidence interval, CI) = 1.54–7.81; P = 0.003), smear-positive pulmonary TB (AOR) = 3.58; 95% CI = 1.89–6.78; P = < 0.001), treatment category (AOR = 4.71; 95% CI = 1.17–18.97; P = 0.029), and year of enrollment 2012 (AOR = 6.26; 95% CI = 2.52–15.59; P = < 0.001) were significantly associated with successful treatment outcome.

Conclusions
The overall treatment success rate is satisfactory but still need to be improved to achieve the international targeted treatment outcome. Type of TB, age, treatment category, and year of enrollment were significantly associated with successful treatment outcomes.
Rotation and torsion of the left ventricle with cardiovascular magnetic resonance tagging: comparison of two analysis methods
Authors: Lehmonen Lauri , Jalanko Mikko , Tarkiainen Mika , Kaasalainen Touko , Kuusisto Johanna , Lauerma Kirsi , Savolainen Sauli 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Left ventricle rotation and torsion are fundamental components of myocardial function, and several software packages have been developed for analysis of these components. The purpose of this study was to compare the suitability of two software packages with different technical principles for analysis of rotation and torsion of the left ventricle during systole.

Methods
A group of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients (N = 14, age 43 ± 11 years), mutation carriers without hypertrophy (N = 10, age 34 ± 13 years), and healthy relatives (N = 12, age 43 ± 17 years) underwent a cardiovascular magnetic resonance examination, including spatial modulation of magnetization tagging sequences in basal and apical planes of the left ventricle. The tagging images were analyzed offline using a harmonic phase image analysis method with Gabor filtering and a non-rigid registration-based free-form deformation technique. Left-ventricle rotation and torsion scores were obtained from end-diastole to end-systole with both software.

Results
Analysis was successful in all cases with both software applications. End-systolic torsion values between the study groups were not statistically different with either software. End-systolic apical rotation, end-systolic basal rotation, and end-systolic torsion were consistently higher when analyzed with non-rigid registration than with harmonic phase-based analysis (p <  0.0001). End-systolic rotation and torsion values had significant correlations between the two software (p <  0.0001), most significant in the apical plane.

Conclusions
When comparing absolute values of rotation and torsion between different individuals, software-specific reference values are required. Harmonic phase flow with Gabor filtering and non-rigid registration-based methods can both be used reliably in the analysis of systolic rotation and torsion patterns of the left ventricle.
A case of flank pain caused by ureteral intussusception accompanied with ureteral polyp
Authors: Dong Yang , Zhang Wen-da , Fan Tao , Hao Lin , Zhou Jia-he , Ma Wei-ming , Han Cong-hui 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Ureteral intussusception, a rarely reported unique condition, occurs primarily as a complication of ureteric tumours.

Case presentation
We present a case of ureteral intussusception accompanied with a large ureteral polyp periodically protruding into the bladder cavity occurring in a 56-year-old man who experienced vague flank pain and intermittent haematuria. The patient was successfully treated by ureteroscopic cauterization combined with partial ureterectomy with reanastomosis.

Conclusions
This is the first report that describes polyp-related ureteral intussusception using comprehensive and representative ureteroscopic images and video. Our findings suggest that ureteroscopy is vital for diagnosis. Extensive biopsies through ureteroscopy are less invasive, and make it easier to exclude the presence of ureteral malignancies. Ureteroscopic resection of the whole polyp with its stalk and intussusceptum using Holmium: YAG laser did not seem viable in this case. However, cauterization of partial polyp tissues followed by open surgery for segmental resection of the ureter with reanastomosis is helpful in controlling such patient well-being.
Different predictors after stroke depending on functional dependency at discharge: a 5-year follow up study
Authors: Westerlind Emma , Hörsell Daniel , Persson Hanna C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundLevel of dependency after a stroke is important for long-term outcome in several aspects, but less is known about important predictors for outcome depending on functional dependency. The aim of the current study was to investigate self-perceived outcome and identify possible predictors of strength, participation, and emotional outcome 5 years after stroke based on functional dependency at discharge from hospital.MethodsThis observational cohort study included participants living in Gothenburg that were diagnosed with first ever stroke in 2009 and 2010. Baseline data were gathered from medical charts and the outcome was based on the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) questionnaire mailed out 5 years post-stroke. Logistic regression identified potential predictors of better strength, participation, and emotional outcome.ResultsA total of 266 participants responded to the SIS. The functionally independent participants at hospital discharge reported significantly better scores in all SIS domains compared to the functionally dependent. For those who were functionally independent, only non-modifiable factors (age, sex, stroke type) were significant predictors of a better outcome. However, for the functionally dependent participants, modifiable factors such as feeling depressed, cardiovascular risk factors, and recurrent stroke were significant predictors of unfavourable outcome.ConclusionsImportant factors for predicting a favourable outcome differed due to the level of functional dependency, and modifiable factors were only present in participants that were functionally dependent at discharge. Prevention, detection, and treatment of modifiable factors give an opportunity to reduce the burden of stroke for those who are most vulnerable.
Development of a model on factors affecting instrumental activities of daily living in people with mild cognitive impairment – a Delphi study
Authors: Bruderer-Hofstetter Marina , Sikkes Sietske A. M. , Münzer Thomas , Niedermann Karin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe level of function of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) is crucial for a person’s autonomy. A clear understanding of the nature of IADL and its limitations in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is lacking. Literature suggests numerous possible influencing factors, e.g. cognitive function, but has not considered other domains of human functioning, such as environmental factors. Our aim was to develop a comprehensive model of IADL functioning that depicts the relevant influencing factors.MethodsWe conducted a four-round online Delphi study with a sample of international IADL experts (N = 69). In the first round, panelists were asked to mention all possible relevant cognitive and physical function factors, as well as environmental and personal factors, that influence IADL functioning. In the subsequent rounds, panelists rated the relevance of these factors. Consensus was defined as: 1) ≥70% agreement between panelists on a factor, and 2) stability over two successive rounds.ResultsResponse rates from the four rounds were high (83 to 100%). In the first round, 229 influencing factors were mentioned, whereof 13 factors reached consensus in the subsequent rounds. These consensual factors were used to build a model of IADL functioning. The final model included: five cognitive function factors (i.e. memory, attention, executive function, and two executive function subdomains -problem solving / reasoning and organization / planning); five physical function factors (i.e. seeing functions, hearing functions, balance, gait / mobility functions and functional mobility functions); two environmental factors (i.e. social network / environment and support of social network / environment); and one personal factor (i.e. education).ConclusionsThis study proposes a comprehensive model of IADL functioning in people with MCI. The results from this Delphi study suggest that IADL functioning is not merely affected by cognitive function factors, but also by physical function factors, environmental factors and personal factors. The multiplicity of factors mentioned in the first round also underlines the individuality of IADL functioning in people with MCI. This model may serve as a basis for future research in IADL functioning in people with MCI.
Retrospective study 2005–2015 of all cases of fetal death occurred at ≥23 gestational weeks, in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy
Authors: Monasta Lorenzo , Giangreco Manuela , Ancona Emanuele , Barbone Fabio , Bet Elisa , Boschian-Bailo Pierino , Cacciaguerra Giovanna , Cagnacci Angelo , Canton Melania , Casarotto Maddalena , Comar Manola , Contardo Simona , De Agostini Michela , De Seta Francesco , Del Ben Giovanni , Di Loreto Carla , Driul Lorenza , Facchin Stefano , Giornelli Roberta , Ianni Annalisa , La Valle Santo , Londero Ambrogio Pietro , Manfè Marciano , Maso Gianpaolo , Mugittu Raffaela , Olivuzzi Monica , Orsaria Maria , Pecile Vanna , Pinzano Roberta , Pirrone Francesco , Quadrifoglio Mariachiara , Ricci Giuseppe , Ronfani Luca , Salviato Tiziana , Sandrigo Elisa , Smiroldo Silvia , Sorz Alice , Stampalija Tamara , Urriza Marianela , Vanin Michele , Verardi Giuseppina , Alberico Salvatore 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) is a tragic event and, despite efforts to reduce rates, its incidence remains difficult to reduce. The objective of the present study was to examine the etiological factors that contribute to the main causes and conditions associated with IUFD, over an 11-year period in a region of North-East Italy (Friuli Venezia Giulia) for which reliable data in available.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of all 278 IUFD cases occurred between 2005 and 2015 in pregnancies with gestational age ≥ 23 weeks.

Results
The incidence of IUFD was 2.8‰ live births. Of these, 30% were small for gestational age (SGA), with immigrant women being significantly over-represented. The share of SGA reached 35% in cases in which a maternal of fetal pathological condition was present, and dropped to 28% in the absence of associated pathology. In 78 pregnancies (28%) no pathology was recorded that could justify IUFD. Of all IUFDs, 11% occurred during labor, and 72% occurred at a gestational age above 30 weeks.

Conclusion
The percentage of IUFD cases for which no possible cause can be identified is quite high. Only the adoption of evidence-based diagnostic protocols, with integrated immunologic, genetic and pathologic examinations, can help reduce this diagnostic gap, contributing to the prevention of future IUFDs.
Does social cohesion mediate neighbourhood effects on mental and physical health? Longitudinal analysis using German Socio-Economic Panel data
Authors: Kress Sara , Razum Oliver , Zolitschka Kim Alexandra , Breckenkamp Jürgen , Sauzet Odile 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Neighbourhood has risen as a relevant determinant of health. While there is substantial evidence that environmental factors affect health, far less evidence of the role of social mechanisms in the causal chain between neighbourhood characteristics and health is available.

Method
To evaluate the role of social cohesion as a mediator between four different neighbourhood characteristics and health using data from German Socio-Economic-Panel (SOEP), a longitudinal mediation analysis was performed. Multilevel linear regression models adjusted for socio-economic variables involved three time points and two measures of physical and mental health (physical and mental component scores (PCS and MCS) of the SF12 Questionnaire. Participants were followed-up for 4 and 10 year starting in 2004.

Results
A total of 15,518 measures of MCS and PCS on 10,013 participants living in 4985 households were included. After adjusting for values of MCS and PCS at baseline and demographic/socio-economic variables, social cohesion was a significant positive predictor of both MCS and PCS (β-coefficient MCS: 1.57 (0.27); PCS: 1.50 (0.24)). Interaction between social cohesion and follow-up were significant for PCS. The effect of environmental and built characteristics on health was consistently mediated by social cohesion with proportion varying between 10 and 23%.

Discussion
We show that social cohesion is part of the causal chain between environmental and built characteristics of a neighbourhood and health, with increasing mediation effect over time for physical health. Social mechanisms should be considered when studying the effect of neighbourhood characteristics on health inequalities making social cohesion as a legitimate target of public health interventions at neighbourhood level.