bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying the exposome concept in birth cohort research: a review of statistical approaches
Authors: Santos Susana , Maitre Léa , Warembourg Charline , Agier Lydiane , Richiardi Lorenzo , Basagaña Xavier , Vrijheid Martine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe exposome represents the totality of life course environmental exposures (including lifestyle and other non-genetic factors), from the prenatal period onwards. This holistic concept of exposure provides a new framework to advance the understanding of complex and multifactorial diseases. Prospective pregnancy and birth cohort studies provide a unique opportunity for exposome research as they are able to capture, from prenatal life onwards, both the external (including lifestyle, chemical, social and wider community-level exposures) and the internal (including inflammation, metabolism, epigenetics, and gut microbiota) domains of the exposome. In this paper, we describe the steps required for applying an exposome approach, describe the main strengths and limitations of different statistical approaches and discuss their challenges, with the aim to provide guidance for methodological choices in the analysis of exposome data in birth cohort studies. An exposome approach implies selecting, pre-processing, describing and analyzing a large set of exposures. Several statistical methods are currently available to assess exposome-health associations, which differ in terms of research question that can be answered, of balance between sensitivity and false discovery proportion, and between computational complexity and simplicity (parsimony). Assessing the association between many exposures and health still raises many exposure assessment issues and statistical challenges. The exposome favors a holistic approach of environmental influences on health, which is likely to allow a more complete understanding of disease etiology.
Worldview Under Stress: Preliminary Findings on Cardiovascular and Cortisol Stress Responses Predicted by Secularity, Religiosity, Spirituality, and Existential Search
Authors: Schnell Tatjana , Fuchs Dietmar , Hefti René 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study reports preliminary findings on the hypothesis that worldview can predict cardiovascular and cortisol responses to social stress. Based on theory and previous findings, we assumed that worldview security would provide a basis for stress resilience. Accordingly, religious and atheist individuals were expected to show higher stress resilience than spiritual and agnostic participants. Likewise, dimensional measures of religiosity and atheism were hypothesized to predict decreased, and existential search—indicating worldview insecurity—was hypothesized to predict increased physiological stress responses. Subjects included 50 university students who completed online questionnaires and took part in a standardized social stress test (Trier Social Stress Test). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), heart rate (HR), and salivary cortisol (SC) were assessed at baseline, immediately after stress testing, and during a forty-minute recovery period. Worldview comparisons revealed lower cardiovascular stress responses among religious than among atheist and spiritual participants and particularly high baseline SC among spiritual participants. Across the entire sample, existential search showed substantial positive correlations with SBP, HR, and SC stress parameters. The findings suggest that worldview security might partly explain the health benefits often associated with religion.
An EQ-5D-5L Value Set for Vietnam
Authors: Mai Vu Quynh , Sun Sun , Minh Hoang Van , Luo Nan , Giang Kim Bao , Lindholm Lars , Sahlen Klas Goran 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this study was to develop an EQ-5D-5L value set based on the health preferences of the general adult population of Vietnam.

Methods
The EQ-VT protocol version 2.1 was applied. Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was employed to recruit a nationally representative sample. Both composite time trade-off (C-TTO) and discrete choice experiment (DCE) methods were used. Several modelling approaches were considered including hybrid; tobit; panel and heteroscedastic models. First, models using C-TTO or DCE data were tested separately. Then possibility of combining the C-TTO and DCE data was examined. Hybrid models were tested if it was sensible to combine both types of data. The best-performing model was selected based on both the consistency of the results produced and the degree to which models used all the available data.

Results
Data from 1200 respondents representing the general Vietnamese adult population were included in the analyses. Only the DCE Logit model and the regular Hybrid model that uses all available data produced consistent results. As the priority was to use all available data if possible, the hybrid model was selected to generate the Vietnamese value set. Mobility had the largest effect on health state values, followed by pain/discomfort, usual activities, anxiety/depression and self-care. The Vietnam values ranged from − 0.5115 to 1.

Conclusion
This is the first value set for EQ-5D-5L based on social preferences obtained from a nationally representative sample in Vietnam. The value set will likely play a key role in economic evaluations and health technology assessments in Vietnam.
Drift estimation for a Lévy-driven Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process with heavy tails
Authors: Gushchin Alexander , Pavlyukevich Ilya , Ritsch Marian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe consider the problem of estimation of the drift parameter of an ergodic Ornstein–Uhlenbeck type process driven by a Lévy process with heavy tails. The process is observed continuously on a long time interval [0, T], $$T\rightarrow \infty $$

T
→
∞

. We prove that the statistical model is locally asymptotic mixed normal and the maximum likelihood estimator is asymptotically efficient.
Connecting Diffraction-Based Strain with Macroscopic Stresses in Laser Powder Bed Fused Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Mishurova Tatiana , Artzt Katia , Haubrich Jan , Evsevleev Sergei , Evans Alexander , Meixner Matthias , Munoz Itziar Serrano , Sevostianov Igor , Requena Guillermo , Bruno Giovanni 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) production process often results in large residual stress (RS) in the parts. Nondestructive techniques to determine RS are badly needed. However, a reliable quantification of macro-RS (i.e., stress at the component level) by means of diffraction-based techniques is still a great challenge, because the link between diffraction-based strain and macro-RS is not trivial. In this study, we experimentally determine (by means ofin-situsynchrotron radiation diffraction) this link for LPBF Ti-6Al-4V. We compare our results with commonly used models to determine the so-called diffraction elastic constants (DECs). We show that LPBF materials possess different DECs than wrought alloys, simply because their microstructural and mechanical properties are different. We also show that the existing models can be used to calculate DECs only if high accuracy of the RS values is not required. If the peculiarities of the microstructure have to be taken into account (as is the case of additively manufactured materials), a radically new approach is desirable.
Investigation on influence of drilling unloading on wellbore stability in clay shale formation
Authors: Ding Yi , Liu Xiang-Jun , Luo Ping-Ya 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWellbore collapse frequently happens in the clay shale formation. To maintain wellbore stability, appropriate mud pressure is a vital factor. When clay formation is opened, drilling unloading occurs, modifying rock structure and strength at the wall of borehole, which affects the selection of mud pressure. Currently, mechanism of drilling unloading is still poorly understood which in return will bring a concern to wellbore stability. Therefore, in this study, a combination of triaxial compressive test and ultrasonic wave test has been used to simulate drilling unloading and analyze its mechanism. Results indicate that more void space is created inside the clay shale sample due to unloading. This structure change leads to a decline of strength and acoustic amplitude. Additionally, unloading influence is depended on varying drilling unloading parameters. Small unloading range and fast unloading rate are able to enhance stability. With various degrees of unloading impact, collapse pressure equivalent density has a clear modification, proving that unloading is a non-negligible influencing factor of wellbore stability. Besides, the unloading effect is much stronger in large confining pressure, implying that more attention should be given to unloading when drilling is in extreme deep or high geostress formation. Findings in this paper can offer theoretical guidance for drilling in the clay shale formation.
A two-step method to apply Xu–Payne multi-porosity model to estimate pore type from seismic data for carbonate reservoirs
Authors: Li Hong-Bing , Zhang Jia-Jia , Cai Sheng-Juan , Pan Hao-Jie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCarbonate reservoirs exhibit strong heterogeneity in the distribution of pore types that can be quantitatively characterized by applying Xu–Payne multi-porosity model. However, there are some prerequisites to this model the porosity and saturation need to be provided. In general, these application conditions are difficult to satisfy for seismic data. In order to overcome this problem, we present a two-step method to estimate the porosity and saturation and pore type of carbonate reservoirs from seismic data. In step one, the pore space of the carbonate reservoir is equivalent to a single-porosity system with an effective pore aspect ratio; then, a 3D rock-physics template (RPT) is established through the Gassmann’s equations and effective medium models; and then, the effective aspect ratio of pore, porosity and fluid saturation are simultaneously estimated from the seismic data based on 3D RPT. In step two, the pore space of the carbonate reservoir is equivalent to a triple-porosity system. Combined with the inverted porosity and saturation in the first step, the porosities of three pore types can be inverted from the seismic elastic properties. The application results indicate that our method can obtain accurate physical properties consistent with logging data and ensure the reliability of characterization of pore type.
Applying Lithium-Ion Second Life Batteries for Off-Grid Solar Powered System—A Socio-Economic Case Study for Rural Development
Authors: Falk Joern , Nedjalkov Antonio , Angelmahr Martin , Schade Wolfgang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSocio-economic development in the rural regions of Africa cannot succeed without suitable infrastructure. An essential key to this is electrification. Despite various national and international activities and expansion programmes, and a wide variety of actors, their implementation is progressing slowly. In order to supply remote areas with electricity, off-grid system technologies have become increasingly common in recent years. In this article, we present the use of a photovoltaic system in conjunction with a 85 kWh second life lithium-ion battery (LIB) as an off-grid hybrid system to electrify an island in Lake Victoria in Tanzania as a socio-economic case study.This off-grid hybrid system was able to supply an average of 42.31 kWh of energy per day, with the daily demand of the key infrastructure successfully connected in the project, such as the local hospital and school, amounting to 18.75 kWh. The scaled annual production of 15,443.16 kWh offers enough potential to include private households as well as the local fishing industry in the power supply. Assuming an expected lifetime of 15 years, the described system amortises itself from the 4th year. In addition, this project should also serve as a possible second life scenario for batteries with regard to the rapidly developing global electromobility and the perspective return of used LIBs. An economic and an ecological evaluation shows a solution approach of using a second life lithium-ion battery compared to a conventional diesel generator solution. The consideration of health aspects is included in the evaluation.
Interest-driven video creation for learning mathematics
Authors: Huang Mark Cheng-Li , Chou Chih-Yueh , Wu Ying-Tien , Shih Ju-Ling , Yeh Charles Y. C. , Lao Andrew C. C. , Fong Herman , Lin Yu-Feng , Chan Tak-Wai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe teacher-directed approach characteristic of the traditional classroom normally adopted by mathematics teachers provides few opportunities for students to develop their mathematical problem-solving skills and little encouragement for them to engage in conversation. Furthermore, this approach might not be flexible to students’ individual learning needs and could generate low interest in mathematics among students. To reduce these learning problems, this study proposes a student-centered learning activity called interest-driven video creation, which adopts interest-driven creator (IDC) theory in its design. By viewing cognitive apprenticeship strategies as subcomponent concepts of the creation loop in IDC theory, this study could articulate and enrich the creation loop model of IDC design in mathematics. In an interest-driven video creation activity, students solved mathematics word problems through individual and group creation of tutorial videos. With these videos, students could teach their fellow classmates by discussing mathematics concepts and sharing ideas. The preliminary results reveal significant improvements in mathematics achievement and show that both high- and low-achieving students have positive attitudes and low anxiety regarding the activity and perceive both mathematics and the learning activity to be highly useful. In addition, the students’ perceptions of the benefits of the activity for learning are positive overall. Students also agree that they enjoy and engage in the video creation activity and that the activity helps them to learn mathematics better and improves their communication skills, teamwork skills, and filmmaking techniques.
Relationship between proximate analysis parameters and combustion behaviour of high ash Indian coal
Authors: Aich Subhajit , Behera Dibyajyoti , Nandi Barun Kumar , Bhattacharya Sumantra 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis work presents the analysis of combustion characteristics of high ash Indian coal (28%–40%) collected from different mines of Singaurali coalfield, India. All the coal samples were characterized by proximate and gross calorific value analysis. Combustion performance of the coals were characterised using thermo-gravimetric analysis to identify the burning profile of individual coals. Various combustion kinetic parameters such as ignition temperature, peak temperature and burnout temperature, ignition index and burnout index, combustion performance index plus rate and intensity index of combustion process, activation energy were determined to analyse the combustion behaviour of coal. Further all these combustion properties were compared with the volatile matter, ash, fixed carbon and fuel ratio of each coal. Theoretical analysis shows that with increase in ash content, combustion performance initially increases and later descends. Further, coal with (25 ± 1.75)% volatile matter, 20%–35% ash and fuel ratio 1.4–1.5 were found to be optimum for coal combustion.
Organizational Factors in the Individual Ethical Behaviour. The Notion of the “Organizational Moral Structure”
Authors: Roszkowska Paulina , Melé Domènec 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVarious organizational factors reported in the hitherto literature affect individual (mis)behaviour within a company. In this paper, we conduct a literature review thereof, and propose a notion of the “Organizational Moral Structure” defined as a comprehensive framework of interrelated organizational factors that condition, incite or influence good or bad moral behaviour of individuals within the organization. Drawing from a wide bibliographical review and our own reflection on recent business scandals, we identify seven constituents of the “Organizational Moral Structure”: 1) leader’s values and character, 2) vision and exercise of power, 3) corporate control systems, 4) internal network of influence, 5) organizational culture, 6) internal and competitive pressures, and 7) external influences. The “Organizational Moral Structure” is proposed as a reflective framework for humanistic management and as an invitation to further research in this field. We provide recommendations on how a manager oriented towards humanistic management can use the OMS to secure and promote well-being and dignity of company’s employees.
Neues aus der Stoffwechselforschung 2019
Authors: Jörg Rebeka , Itariu Bianca-Karla 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungAlternative Metriken (Altmetriken) messen die Reichweite einer wissenschaftlichen Publikation in sozialen Medien, Blogs, Nachrichtenportalen usw. Quantität und unmittelbare Aktivität stehen über der Qualität und sind nicht unbedingt Ausdruck eines nachhaltigen Interesses. Trotzdem bietet sich hier ein neues Mittel zum Zweck, um Eindrücke zu schaffen und Vernetzungen zwischen ÄrztInnen/WissenschaftlerInnen zu ermöglichen. Weiters wird ein Raum geschaffen, um die Wissensvermittlung in der Gesellschaft zu erleichtern. Themen wie Ernährung und Bewegung hatten in der Stoffwechselforschung im Jahr 2019 eine zentrale Rolle inne, zumindest durch den Filter der Altmetriken. Unser Ziel ist es, Arbeiten hervorzuheben, die besonders viel Interesse generiert haben, und dadurch auch das Bewusstsein für Altmetriken im Bereich der Endokrinologie zu stärken.
Diagnostisches Urteilen als informationsverarbeitender Prozess – Wie nutzen Lehrkräfte ihr Wissen bei der Identifizierung und Gewichtung von Anforderungen in Aufgaben?
Authors: Rieu Andreas , Loibl Katharina , Leuders Timo , Herppich Stephanie 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungBei der Auswahl von Aufgaben für einen adaptiven Unterricht schätzen Lehrkräfte deren fachliche Anforderungen ein. Im Rahmen eines Modells der Informationsverarbeitung wird angenommen, dass bei solchen diagnostischen Urteilen über Aufgaben auf Basis fachdidaktischen Wissens schwierigkeitsgenerierende Merkmale identifiziert und diese hinsichtlich ihres Einflusses auf die Aufgabenschwierigkeit gewichtet werden. Dabei erfolgt die Verarbeitung von Oberflächen- und Tiefenmerkmalen unterschiedlich schnell und ist daher abhängig von der verfügbaren Zeit. Anliegen der Studie ist es, diese Annahmen über die kognitiven Prozesse bei der Urteilsbildung zu prüfen, indem Aufgabenmerkmale systematisch variiert und fachdidaktisches Wissen als Personenmerkmal sowie Zeitdruck als Situationsmerkmal experimentell variiert werden. Zur Prüfung der Modellannahmen werden bei Lehramtsstudierenden (N = 175) zwei Bedingungen verglichen: Einer Experimentalgruppe wird spezifisches fachdidaktisches Wissen über schwierigkeitsgenerierende Aufgabenmerkmale vermittelt. Ihre aufgabendiagnostischen Urteile werden durch paarweise Schwierigkeitsvergleiche erfasst und mit einer Kontrollgruppe verglichen – jeweils mit hoher und mit geringer Zeitrestriktion. Es zeigt sich, dass fachdidaktisches Wissen dazu führt, dass schwierigkeitsgenerierende Aufgabenmerkmale signifikant besser identifiziert und gewichtet werden, Zeitdruck hingegen hat signifikant negative Auswirkungen auf die Urteilsgüte. Die beschriebene Merkmalsvariation schlägt sich demnach hypothesenkonform in der Urteilsakkuratheit nieder, wobei die Prozesse der Identifizierung und der Gewichtung von schwierigkeitsgenerierenden Aufgabenmerkmalen unterschieden werden. Diese Ergebnisse erlauben Rückschlüsse auf die Bedeutung von spezifischem fachdidaktischem Wissen für diagnostische Urteile und geben damit Impulse für die Lehrkräfteaus- und -fortbildung. Die Unterscheidung der kognitiven Prozesse beim Einschätzen von Aufgabenschwierigkeit mit und ohne Zeitdruck legt nahe, dass sich Lehrkräfte hierüber während der Unterrichtsplanung (ohne Zeitdruck) und im Unterrichtsgeschehen (mit Zeitdruck) bewusst sein sollten, um reflektiert damit umgehen zu können.
Union of Scaphoid Waist Fractures in Adults Despite No or Minimal Immobilization—a Report of Five Cases
Authors: Adolfsson Lars , Hallgren Hanna Björnsson , Tegner Yelverton 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTraditionally scaphoid waist fractures have been treated with a long period, 10–12 weeks, of immobilization in a plaster cast until radiological union. The long period of immobilization sometimes infers great discomfort for the patients. To avoid this, surgical treatment with screw fixation has for the last decade been advocated as an option also for undisplaced fractures. In this report, we present five cases with undisplaced scaphoid waist fractures that have healed both radiologically and clinically without any immobilization at all or after a very short period of protection in a cast. These observations challenge the current treatment guidelines.
Understanding the perception of stakeholders in reducing adolescent‐to‐parent violence/aggression
Authors: Shanholtz Caroline E. , O'Hara Karey L. , Duchschere Jennifer E. , Beck Connie J. , Lawrence Erika 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionAdolescent‐to‐parent violence/aggression (APV/A) is an understudied yet increasingly common social problem for adolescents and families, particularly those involved in the juvenile justice system. The current study focused on improving interventions for this population by gathering qualitative data from stakeholders to inform treatment targets.MethodsParticipants (N = 23) comprised of court professionals (n = 7), parents/guardians (n = 9), and their male adolescent children (n = 7) in the United States. Parent and adolescent participants were recruited through monthly court‐mandated domestic violence education classes offered by the juvenile court. Parent/guardian participants were between the ages of 38 and 77 and consisted of four males and five females. Adolescents were between the ages of 14 and 17. Court professional participants consisted of judges, probation officers, and court psychologists. Semi‐structured interviews were analyzed qualitatively using grounded theory.ResultsResults indicated that, from the perspective of key stakeholders, an effective intervention to reduce APV/A likely involves a two‐pronged approach: (1) address specific and theoretically modifiable emotional, behavioral, and psychological factors at the adolescent‐level; and (2) induce change in the family system by addressing environmental barriers to seeking treatment and by creating positive family relationships.ConclusionsThe present study aimed to gather the perspectives of court professionals, adolescents, and parents/guardians regarding the development of an effective intervention for APV/A‐involved families. This study represents the first step toward the development of a feasible, acceptable, sustainable, and effective intervention for adolescents and their families who are involved in the juvenile justice system due to APV/A.