bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating silica‐coated graphene in bioceramic nanocomposites to simultaneously enhance mechanical and biological performance
Authors: Li Zhong , Zhu Wenyu , Bi Shuguang , Li Ruitao , Hu Huanlong , Lin Hang , Tuan Rocky S. , Khor Khiam Aik 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe applications of a variety of bioactive ceramics such as hydroxyapatite (HA) in orthopedics are limited by their insufficient mechanical properties, especially poor fracture toughness. Thus, further extending the clinical applications of these materials warrants the enhancement of their mechanical properties. Although the reinforcement of ceramics by 2D nanomaterials has been well recognized, integrated structural, mechanical, and functional considerations have been neglected in the design and synthesis of such composite materials. Herein, we report the first use of silica‐coated reduced graphene oxide (S‐rGO) hybrid nanosheets to create bioceramic‐based composites with simultaneously enhanced mechanical and biological properties. In the representative HA‐based bioceramic systems prepared by spark plasma sintering, S‐rGO incorporation was found to be more effective for increasing the Young's modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness than the incorporation of uncoated reduced GO (rGO). Furthermore, when assessed with osteoblast‐like MG‐63 cells, such novel materials led to faster cell proliferation and higher cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity than are generally observed with pure HA; additionally, cells demonstrate stronger affinity to S‐rGO/HA than to rGO/HA composites. The S‐rGO/bioceramic composites are therefore promising for applications in orthopedic tissue engineering, and this research provides valuable insights into the fabrication of silica‐coated hybrid nanosheet‐reinforced ceramics.
A lifeline in the dark: Breaking through the stigma of veteran mental health and treating America's combat veterans
Authors: Botero Gabriel , Rivera Nilsa I. , Calloway Shakeya C. , Ortiz Pedro L. , Edwards Emily , Chae John , Geraci Joseph C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFor generations, veterans have answered the call to service and served their country honorably and with distinction. Unfortunately, the consequences of combat cause many veterans to struggle with life after the military and with readjustment/reintegration into civilian life. Today more than ever, there are a multitude of resources, education, and treatment options for combat veterans. For mental and physical health providers, business leaders, and other professionals who work with veterans, it is of the upmost importance that they learn about programs around them that are successful in treating veterans. The current article reviews two U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs nationwide programs—the Readjustment Counseling Service/Vet Center and Veteran Cultural Competence Training—designed to decrease mental health stigma for veterans and to increase veteran engagement with mental health services. These programs highlight the importance of being aware of the culture within military systems, being aware of personal biases, and fostering an environment of genuineness, safety, and nonjudgmental empathy. In doing so, these programs are successful in reducing the unspoken power of stigmatization; they effectively reach out to veterans in need, providing a lifeline in the dark.
The influence of body‐worn cameras, minority threat, and place on police activity
Authors: Hughes Thomas W. , Campbell Bradley A. , Schaefer Brian P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPolice practices evolve and are often shaped by technological innovation, such as the adoption of body‐worn cameras (BWCs). While initial research on their impact is evergrowing, researchers have neglected to examine if their use is influenced by neighborhood characteristics. This study examines the influence of a BWC implementation on police activity and enforcement practices across neighborhoods, using minority threat hypothesis and place theory to explain the relationship. We used pre‐ and postimplementation enforcement data to examine the influence of BWCs and community characteristics on the actions taken by Louisville Metro Police Department officers. Ten ordinary least squares models were used to analyze the enforcement changes including self‐initiated activity, total enforcement, felony arrests, low‐level arrests, and low‐level citations. Our findings indicate BWCs implementation was associated with a decrease in low‐level citations; however, self‐initiated activity and felony and low‐level arrests were unaffected. Also, concentrated disadvantage was associated with a decrease in self‐initiated activity. We also examined the moderating effects between BWCs and neighborhood characteristics and found BWCs were correlated with a decrease in low‐level citations. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Design and synthesis of oxaprozin‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole hybrids as potential anticancer and antibacterial agents
Authors: Rayam Parsharamulu , Polkam Naveen , Kuntala Naveen , Banothu Venkanna , Anantaraju Hasitha Shilpa , Perumal Yogeeswari , Balasubramanian Sridhar , Anireddy Jaya Shree 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the present study, we report design, synthesis and screening of new novel 5‐substituted‐2‐mercapto‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole analogues appended to oxaprozin for their in vitro anticancer and antibacterial activity. The synthesised compounds were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, the structure of 5b (2‐(2‐[4,5‐diphenyloxazol‐2‐yl]ethyl)‐5‐(ethylthio)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole) was unequivocally confirmed by X‐ray analysis. Among the series 5c (2‐(2‐[4,5‐diphenyloxazol‐2‐yl]ethyl)‐5‐(propylthio)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole) showed most promising anticancer activity against A549 cancer cell line and all the reported analogues manifested satisfactory safety profiles against human normal cell line HEK293T. The products exhibited good antibacterial activity and among the tested 5j (2‐(2‐[4,5‐diphenyloxazol‐2‐yl]ethyl)‐5‐([4‐fluorobenzyl]thio)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole) exhibited most potent.
Synthesis of heterocyclic compounds via Michael and Hantzsch reactions
Authors: Abdella Amna M. , Abdelmoniem Amr M. , Abdelhamid Ismail A. , Elwahy Ahmed H. M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHeterocycles represent the largest diversity of organic compounds with signifcant chemical, biomedical, and industrial applications. They exist in numerous natural products, dyes, and as scaffolds in diverse drugs and related pharmaceutically active substances. Substantial attention has been paid to develop various elegant methods to synthesize heterocycles. Among different strategies, Michael and Hantzsch reactions are considered as effective approaches for construction of heterocycles and their corresponding fused derivatives. This review covers this area especially in the last 10 years. The heterocyclic systems reported in this review are classified according to the kind of the heterocyclic systems.
Characterization of dry spells in Southeastern Brazil during the monsoon season
Authors: Cunningham Christopher 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGiven the lack of studies about dry spells over Southeastern Brazil (SEB), the present study aims to characterize them considering their duration, geographical incidence, and association with rainfall. Uninterrupted sequences of no‐rain days were calculated using the high‐resolution (10 km) Multi‐Source Weighted‐Ensemble Precipitation data set (MSWEP; 1979–2016). The majority of dry spells (80%) last no more than 9 days and those remaining for 10 days or more are relatively rare (top 20%). January and February present a predisposition for the occurrence of dry spells, feature that is not observed in December. The life cycle of dry spells evolves in close association with the subseasonal rainfall tendency. When adding the perspective of dry spells, the effective peak of the monsoon season is December, the month with the highest rainfall rates and the lowest chances for dry spells. Afterward, dry spells modulate a progressive weakening of the rainy season until March, when a slight recovery may happen in the central northern portions of SEB. The relationship between dry spells and rainfall is not straightforward. For dry spells that are most common (up to 9 days), the most likely association is with negative monthly anomalies up to −1.0 SD. However, there are also significant chances of having dry spells associated with positive anomalies. Extreme long dry spells, but extremely rare as well, are unequivocally associated with negative anomalies. The geographic discrimination of dry spells evidences a dipole‐like feature, better seen in January and February, similar to the well‐known rainfall dipole. The north and northeast portions tend to be drier, more prone to the occurrence of dry spells, both short/frequent and long/infrequent. In the south and southwestern portions, dry spells tend to be shorter. The main result is the indication of a probable lessening in the rainy season, taking place between January and February that might affect a significant portion of SEB.
Exploitation of a short monolithic column for in‐line separation and preconcentration: Environmental friendly determination of the emerging pollutant salicylic acid in natural waters
Authors: Souza Pedro A. F. , Sasaki Milton K. , Rocha Fábio R. P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSalicylic acid is an emerging environmental contaminant, usually found at ng/L concentrations in natural waters. Its quantification usually involves liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry, which requires complex and costly instrumentation as well as time‐consuming sample pretreatment, typically involving large solvent volumes. In this work, sequential injection chromatography was exploited to develop a fast, green, cost‐effective, and highly sensitive procedure for fluorimetric determination of salicylic acid in natural waters. Analyte preconcentration directly on the chromatographic column (on‐column preconcentration) was exploited to improve detectability, yielding an enrichment factor of 122 (1.75 mL of sample) and takes only 8.5 min per determination. A detection limit of 20 ng/L, a linear response range from 0.06 to 5.00 µg/L, coefficients of variation lower than 3.0% (n = 10), and recoveries within 86 and 114% were estimated. The procedure was applied for the analyses of freshwater samples and results agreed with those obtained by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry at the 95% confidence level. The proposed procedure encompasses in‐line concentration, isolation/separation, and detection, without the need for sample clean‐up, thus minimizing the consumption of organic solvents and risk of analyte losse.
Dietary effect of low fish meal aquafeed on gut microbiota in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) at different growth stages
Authors: Niu Kai‐Min , Lee Bong‐Joo , Kothari Damini , Lee Woo‐Do , Hur Sang‐Woo , Lim Sang‐Gu , Kim Kang‐Woong , Kim Kyoung‐Duck , Kim Na‐Na , Kim Soo‐Ki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the long‐term effect of a low fish meal (FM) diet comprising plant‐based protein sources (PPS) on changes of gut microbial diversity in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) over the course of life. Two experimental diets were prepared to contain 74% FM (control) or 52% FM with 22% PPS (30% FM replacement, FM30). Fish were fed one of the two experimental diets for 8 months, and we collected the midgut contents to analyze the gut bacterial community by Illumina MiSeq based on the metagenomic sequences in the V3–V4 regions of 16S rRNA. We found that there were nine dominant phyla, which in turn presented Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria as the three major phyla in the gut microbiota of the flounder. At genus level, the dominant genera were Delftia, Prevotella, and Chthoniobacter at the juvenile stage (below 100 g/fish); Chthoniobacter, Bacillus, and Bradyrhizobium at the grower stage (400 g/fish); Chthoniobacter, Bacillus, and Delftia at the subadult stage (800 g/fish); and Lactobacillus and Prevotella at the adult stage (over 1,000 g/fish). The microbial diversity in olive flounders arched from the juvenile and subadult stage and reached a plateau thereafter. The fish fed the FM30 diet significantly had an increased abundance of Lactobacillus and Photobacterium and had less abundance of Prevotella and Paraprevotella than the control. However, the effect of dietary PPS was not significant on total microbial richness, indicating no negative effect as feed sources on the intestinal microbiota in olive flounder. These results indicate that the life stage of olive flounder is more important in modulating intestinal microbiota than is the diet. It could also be concluded that dietary PPS might be used as a potential fish meal alternative without any compromising effects on microbial diversity of olive flounder for long‐term feeding.
Survival rates and risk factors for failure using an interposition vein graft for fingertip amputations with segmental vessel defects
Authors: Kwon Yu‐Jun , Jung Hyoung‐Seok , Ahn Byung‐Moon , Lee Jae‐Sung , Park Hyeong‐Jun , Ha Yong‐Chan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to compare survival rates and risk factors of replantation failures using an interposition vein graft in fingertip amputations with segmental vessel defects with those using simple end‐to‐end anastomosis in amputations.Patients and methodsBetween 2004 and 2015, 776 (647 males and 129 females) with single Zone I or II amputations of digits underwent replantation. Among these, simple end‐to‐end anastomosis was performed in 698 replantations, while interposition vein grafts were used for either arterial or venous repair or both in 78 amputated fingertips. The survival rate was compared between the groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors predicting replantation failure in all study subjects.ResultsAmong 776 replantations, 713 (91.9%) survived. At latest follow‐up, of 698 cases in the simple anastomosis group, 650 (93.1%) survived; of 78 cases in the vein graft group, 63 (80.8%) survived (p > .001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that avulsion type (odds ratio [OR] 3.121; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.211–8.064; p = .018) and zone II amputation (OR, 2.370; 95% CI, 1.382–4.065; p = .002) were significant risk factors for replantation failure.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that the survival rate (80.8%) of the vein graft in fingertip amputation with segmental vessel defects was shown to be a possible option to increase the survival rates in case with segmental vessel defects where simple anastomosis could not be performed. However, avulsion type and zone II amputation are important risk factors of replantation failures.
Manufacturer's optimal pricing and lot‐sizing policies under trade‐credit financing
Authors: Chung Kun‐Jen , Liao Jui‐Jung , Lin Shy‐Der , Chuang Sheng‐Tu , Srivastava Hari M. 
Published: January 2020

In the year 2006, Teng et al considered an appropriate economic production quantity (EPQ) model in which the manufacturer receives the supplier's trade credit and provides trade credit to the customer simultaneously. The following two payment methods were discussed by Teng et al:The main purpose of this paper is summarized below:Finally, with a view to further motivating the interested researchers for using the methodology and mathematical analytic techniques in several other contexts in the field, we have chosen to include, in Section 12, a number of related recent works in the field.
A low‐profile dual‐polarized antenna with crosspolarization enhancement
Authors: Shi Junhao , Zhai Huiqing , Li Hongkun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA dual‐polarized antenna that simultaneously achieves low profile, low crosspolarization, and high isolation is presented in this article. Our research indicates that the irregular currents on the artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface in our design can lead to an extra coupling. Because short pins can regularize the surface currents on the AMC surface and work as a balun, our antenna can achieve low crosspolarization and high port isolation. The proposed antenna achieves a profile height of 0.08 λ0 (λ0 represents the wavelength in free space at 3.4 GHz) and 23.5% (3.0‐3.8 GHz) relative bandwidth. The port isolation of the presented antenna is higher than 37 dB and the normalized crosspolarization is lower than −35 dB. The proposed antenna is suitable for the fifth generation communication systems.
Design and realization of novel frequency selective surface loaded dielectric resonator antenna via 3D printing technology
Authors: Belen Mehmet A. , Mahouti Peyman , Palandöken Merih 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOne frequently addressed technique for the performance enhancement of radiating elements in the form of microstrip antennas is the utilization of dielectric resonators. A dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) has a conventional structural formation similar to any microstrip patch antenna where, at least, one additional dielectric layer has been placed over the radiating element. In this paper, it is aimed to propose a high performance, easy to prototype, light weight, and low cost DRA in combination with frequency selective surfaces (FSS) for ISM band applications using 3D printing technology. The proposed 3D printed FSS loaded DRA has a measured gain of 5.6 dBi with S11 level less than −10 dB in the operation band between 1.98 and 2.68 GHz. Furthermore, the measured performance of 3D printed antenna is compared with the counterpart alternative antenna designs in the literature for the similar application fields. The novel FSS loaded DRA is not only much smaller than the counterpart antenna designs but also has a moderate gain characteristics which makes the proposed antenna design an optimal RF solution for ISM band wireless communication applications.
Development and Evaluation of a Volumetric Quantification Method for Fecal Particle Size Classification in Rainbow Trout Fed Different Diets
Authors: Welker Thomas L , Overturf Ken , Barrows Frederic 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Alternative plant protein sources, such as soybean meal, can interfere with digestion due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors that cause a diarrhea-like condition in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, resulting in very fine fecal particles that can adversely affect aquaculture systems and the environment. More research is needed to examine the impacts of feed formulation changes on fecal quality. The prevailing method (laser diffraction) used to measure fecal particle size (FPS) requires expensive equipment and is labor intensive. Methods for FPS measurement that are affordable and easy to implement are required. We developed a visual, volumetric method that can separate feces into three particle size-classes. Feces were collected from tanks fitted with radial flow separators, transferred to Imhoff cones, and allowed to settle. Three distinct layers were visually identified, and microscopic analysis was used to categorize them into three particle size-classes: larger than 1.2 mm (bottom layer or large particles), 0.6–1.2 mm (middle layer or mid-sized particles), and 0.5 mm or smaller (top layer or fines). Independent observations confirmed that the method is reproducible and without observer bias. In a second study, the method was validated and further tested during a 4-week trial evaluating the effects of three diets (fish meal, plant based, or plant based + guar gum) and two feeding methods (hand feeding to satiation or automated belt feeding) on FPS production. Diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic, containing protein at 40 g/kg and lipid at 20 g/kg. Addition of guar gum significantly reduced the production of fines and increased the production of large fecal particles in Rainbow Trout (150 g/fish) that were fed the plant-based diet, but feeding method had no effect on FPS.
Dedicated diffusion phantoms for the investigation of free water elimination and mapping: insights into the influence of T2 relaxation properties
Authors: Farrher Ezequiel , Grinberg Farida , Kuo Li‐Wei , Cho Kuan‐Hung , Buschbeck Richard P. , Chen Ming‐Jye , Chiang Husan‐Han , Choi Chang‐Hoon , Shah N. Jon 
Published: January 2020

Conventional diffusion‐weighted (DW) MRI suffers from free water contamination due to the finite voxel size. The most common case of free water contamination occurs with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in voxels located at the CSF‐tissue interface, such as at the ventricles in the human brain. Another case refers to intra‐tissue free water as in vasogenic oedema. In order to avoid the bias in diffusion metrics, several multi‐compartment methods have been introduced, which explicitly model the presence of a free water compartment. However, fitting multi‐compartment models in DW MRI represents a well known ill conditioned problem. Although during the last decade great effort has been devoted to mitigating this estimation problem, the research field remains active.The aim of this work is to introduce the design, characterise the NMR properties and demonstrate the use of two dedicated anisotropic diffusion fibre phantoms, useful for the study of free water elimination (FWE) and mapping models. In particular, we investigate the recently proposed FWE diffusion tensor imaging approach, which takes explicit account of differences in the transverse relaxation times between the free water and tissue compartments.
A 3D geological model for a potential CO2 reservoir in the El Bierzo Basin (Carboniferous, NW Spain)
Authors: Rey‐Moral Carmen , Motis Kilian , Fernández‐Viejo Gabriela , García‐Lobón Jose Luis 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTA 3D geological model of the Torre‐Bembibre Carboniferous sub‐basin, a potential CO2 storage reservoir, is proposed here. The Torre‐Bembibre sub‐basin is part of the El Bierzo coal‐bearing Carboniferous basin located in the westernmost part of León province (NW Spain). It covers an area of about 150 km2. Carboniferous deposits (up to 1500 m of continental siliciclastics) are divided into nine intervals, defined by earlier coal exploration work. They were deposited as intramontane basin infill within a transpressional regime during the last stages of the Variscan Orogeny and are partially covered by Neogene and Quaternary continental siliciclastic sediments, formed by alluvial plains, fans and terraces. To resolve a 3D geological model of the Torre‐Bembibre sub‐basin, including outcropping layers and their prolongation at depth, a 3D dip‐domain method was applied, where data from all stratigraphic positions were used to compose a coherent geological reconstruction of the stratigraphic surfaces. Subsurface information was available from previous and newly acquired seismic reflection profiles and boreholes. The 3D model helped resolving some uncertainties, specifically: (i) the western termination of the Carboniferous basin under the Tertiary sediments, corresponding to an NNE–SSW normal fault, (ii) the depth and morphology of the base of the Carboniferous strata and (iii) the morphology of the intra‐Carboniferous layers. The syncline/anticline shape of the Torre‐Bembibre sub‐basin suggests a reservoir which may be capable of storing CO2 under the Tertiary cover. The total estimated volume is 6.4 km3, while the total capacity for CO2 storage could be as much as 7 Mt. The reservoir is most likely located within the major massive sandstone bodies in the Chuchu interval, in the syncline–anticline structure north of the town of Bembibre. The potential capacity of the reservoir calls for undertaking further studies using the proposed 3D geological model in order to determine more precisely the petrophysics and geometry near Bembibre.