bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value‐based issues and policy change: Medical assistance in dying in four narratives
Authors: Burlone Nathalie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn 2014, Québec became the first province in Canada to allow medical assistance in dying (MAID) by adopting the Act Respecting End‐of‐Life Care. This was, and still is, an important policy change. It involves a singular and highly moral issue that generated debates spanning over a longer period than that specific to the law's development and adoption. Using French and English newspapers' renderings of these debates in Québec between 2005 and 2015, this study deconstructs MAID's journey in the province into four periods, each characterized by a specific narrative: flexible precaution, legal hypocrisy, accountability imperative, and ineluctable adaptation. These four narratives allow us to better understand MAID's framing process as they reveal the underlying rationales of three overarching frames covering the 2005–2015 period: the legal frame, the social progress frame, and the service provision frame.
Tracing the Networks of Past Societies in Palaeoenvironmental Research
Authors: Hall Tegan , Penny Dan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHistorical societies reshaped their environment in various ways; by clearing forest, cultivating crops, mining, and modifying waterways. Evidence of these activities persists in palaeoenvironmental archives, which represent comprehensive histories of human activity in a landscape. Analysis of settlement networks across landscapes is another common approach to investigating how past societies operated, but these analyses rarely incorporate palaeoenvironmental data. Here, we combine these two data sources to examine past socio‐political relationships in a society that experienced disruption and transformation. Applying network analysis, and using settlement histories built from palaeoenvironmental proxies for occupation and land use, this paper reconstructs population dynamics at several key nodes (cities) within the Khmer kingdom of Southeast Asia, before and after the climate stress and political upheaval of the 14th–15th centuriesce. Our results reveal how the Khmer city network transformed across space and the nature of the relationships that existed within the network prior to its disruption.
Infants’ Goal Prediction for Simple Action Events: The Role of Experience and Agency Cues
Authors: Elsner Birgit , Adam Maurits 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLooking times and gaze behavior indicate that infants can predict the goal state of an observed simple action event (e.g., object‐directed grasping) already in the first year of life. The present paper mainly focuses on infants’ predictive gaze‐shifts toward the goal of an ongoing action. For this, infants need to generate a forward model of the to‐be‐obtained goal state and to disengage their gaze from the moving agent at a time when information about the action event is still incomplete. By about 6 months of age, infants show goal‐predictive gaze‐shifts, but mainly for familiar actions that they can perform themselves (e.g., grasping) and for familiar agents (e.g., a human hand). Therefore, some theoretical models have highlighted close relations between infants’ ability for action‐goal prediction and their motor development and/or emerging action experience. Recent research indicates that infants can also predict action goals of familiar simple actions performed by non‐human agents (e.g., object‐directed grasping by a mechanical claw) when these agents display agency cues, such as self‐propelled movement, equifinality of goal approach, or production of a salient action effect. This paper provides a review on relevant findings and theoretical models, and proposes that the impacts of action experience and of agency cues can be explained from an action‐event perspective. In particular, infants’ goal‐predictive gaze‐shifts are seen as resulting from an interplay between bottom‐up processing of perceptual information and top‐down influences exerted by event schemata that store information about previously executed or observed actions.
The phylogeny of Nereididae (Annelida) based on mitochondrial genomes
Authors: Alves Paulo Ricardo , Halanych Kenneth M. , Santos Cinthya Simone Gomes 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNereididae comprises a diverse group of marine worms and is one of the most studied families in Annelida. However, phylogenetic relationships within the group are still poorly understood. Previous studies, based on morphological data, have disagreed on the membership of recognized subfamilies and, current taxonomy lacks sufficient phylogenetic underpinning. This study uses complete mitochondrial genome and transcriptome data to evaluate relationships within Nereididae and test currently employed subfamilies. Ancestral state reconstructions were performed to evaluate if morphological traits found in the pharynx, that is papillae and paragnaths, correspond with phylogenetic relationships based on mitochondrial data. Our results suggest that Nereidinae and Gymnonereidinae, as currently recognized, are not monophyletic groups. In general, molecular results suggest that morphological features used in nereidid taxonomy need re‐evaluation as they may be more evolutionary plastic than recognized. Ancestral state reconstruction suggests that papillae and paragnaths may have evolved early in the family and their presence, as currently employed in taxonomy, does not allow accurate diagnose of groups within Nereididae. In contrast, unique mitochondrial gene order defines at least one higher‐level clade within Nereididae.
Deep‐sea squat lobster biogeography (Munidopsidae: Leiogalathea) unveils Tethyan vicariance and evolutionary patterns shared by shallow‐water relatives
Authors: Rodríguez‐Flores Paula C. , Buckley David , Macpherson Enrique , Corbari Laure , Machordom Annie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe ecology, abundance and diversity of galatheoid squat lobsters make them an ideal group to study deep‐sea diversification processes. Here, we reconstructed the evolutionary and biogeographic history of Leiogalathea, a genus of circum‐tropical deep‐sea squat lobsters, in order to compare patterns and processes that have affected shallow‐water and deep‐sea squat lobster species. We first built a multilocus phylogeny and a calibrated species tree with a relaxed clock using StarBEAST2 to reconstruct evolutionary relationships and divergence times among Leiogalathea species. We used BioGeoBEARS and a DEC model, implemented in RevBayes, to reconstruct ancestral distribution ranges and the biogeographic history of the genus. Our results showed that Leiogalathea is monophyletic and comprises four main lineages; morphological homogeneity is common within and between clades, except in one; the reconstructed ancestral range of the genus is in the Atlantic and Indian oceans (Tethys). They also revealed the divergence of the Atlantic species around 25 million years ago (Ma), intense cladogenesis 15–25 Ma and low levels of speciation over the last 5 million years (Myr). The four Leiogalathea lineages showed similar patterns of speciation: allopatric speciation followed by range expansion and subsequent stasis. Leiogalathea started diversifying during the Oligocene, likely in the Tethyan. The Atlantic lineage then split from its Indo‐Pacific sister group due to vicariance driven by closure of the Tethys Seaway. The Atlantic lineage is less speciose compared with the Indo‐Pacific lineages, with the Tropical Southwestern Pacific being the current centre of diversity. Leiogalathea diversification coincided with cladogenetic peaks in shallow‐water genera, indicating that historical biogeographic events similarly shaped the diversification and distribution of both deep‐sea and shallow‐water squat lobsters.
Fast responses to stepping‐target displacements when walking
Authors: Zhang Yajie , Smeets Jeroen B. J. , Brenner Eli , Verschueren Sabine , Duysens Jacques 
Published: March 2020

Key points
Goal‐directed arm movements can be adjusted at short latency to target shifts.
We tested whether similar adjustments are present during walking on a treadmill with shifting stepping targets.
Participants responded at short latency with an adequate gain to small shifts of the stepping targets.
Movements of the feet during walking are controlled in a similar way to goal‐directed arm movements if balance is not violated.
AbstractIt is well‐known that goal‐directed hand movements can be adjusted to small changes in target location with a latency of about 100 ms. We tested whether people make similar fast adjustments when a target location for foot placement changes slightly as they walk over a flat surface. Participants walked at 3 km/h on a treadmill on which stepping stones were projected. The stones were 50 cm apart in the walking direction. Every 5–8 steps, a stepping stone was unexpectedly displaced by 2.5 cm in the medio‐lateral direction. The displacement took place during the first half of the swing phase. We found fast adjustments of the foot trajectory, with a latency of about 155 ms, initiated by changes in muscle activation 123 ms after the perturbation. The responses corrected for about 80% of the perturbation. We conclude that goal‐directed movements of the foot are controlled in a similar way to those of the hand, thus also giving very fast adjustments.
Statistical Determination of Decision-Making Regions for Branching Paths: An Algorithm With a Wheelchair Assistance Application
Authors: Wolkowicz Kelilah L. , Leary Robert D. , Moore Jason Z. , Brennan Sean N. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Typically, mobile vehicles follow the same paths repeatedly, resulting in a common path bounded with some variance. These paths are often punctuated by branches into other paths based on decision-making in the area around the branch. This work applies a statistical methodology to determine decision-making regions for branching paths. An average path is defined in the proposed algorithm, as well as boundaries representing variances along the path. The boundaries along each branching path intersect near the decision point; these intersections in path variances are used to determine path-branching locations. The resulting analysis provides decision points that are robust to typical path conditions, such as two paths that may not clearly diverge at a specific location. Additionally, the methodology defines decision region radii that encompass statistical memberships of a location relative to the branching paths. To validate the proposed technique, an off-line implementation of the decision-making region algorithm is applied to previously classified wheelchair path subsets. Results show robust detection of decision regions that intuitively agree with user decision-making in real-world path following. For the experimental situation of this study, approximately 70% of path locations were outside of decision regions and thus could be navigated with a significant reduction in user inputs.
Operation and Performance of a Fluidized Bed Boiler Firing Municipal Refuse Derived Fuel in Ravenna, Italy
Authors: Murphy Michael L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In early 1998, the City of Ravenna, Italy, commissioned a fluid bed boiler/waste-to-energy system to combust approximately 50,000 tonnes per year of processed municipal waste and generate electrical power. Much of the fuel preparation and processing equipment was already in place and the primary focus of this project was to implement an environmentally acceptable energy conversion process compatible with the 6.0 tonnes per hour of fuel being processed. The fluid bed boiler system being provided incorporates state of the art environmental controls for abatement of all pollutants, including products of incomplete combustion (PIC’s), NOx, acid gases, and particulates. The project delivers an average of 70,000 pounds per hour of steam to generate approximately 7 MW of electricity.
Using Flame Quenching to Reduce NOx Emissions and High Temperature Corrosion
Authors: Jaraha Allen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The most complex process in the combustion field is the waste-to-energy process. This is due to heterogeneous nature of the feeds, whose BTU value can vary substantially, in spite of the efforts expended by designers and operators to effectively mix the feed.
As a result, first pass temperatures (at some locations) can reach 1,800° to 1,900°F, promoting high temperature corrosion and erosion.
This paper will discuss flame quenching by means of injecting fine water droplets into the center of the flame (adiabatic region). This practice has the potential to reduce and control the furnace temperature (ten (10) gallons of water takes away 170,000 BTU). The potential benefits of flame quenching to be discussed will include the following:
• Increasing combustion gas turbulence by a sudden increase in water volume of 1,670 times (water to steam);
• Reductions in CO and VOCs due to better combustion gases mixing;
• Reductions in combustion velocities and tube erosion rate;
• Reductions in NOx by lowering flame temperature; and
• The generation of new revenues by utilizing moderately contaminated wastewater or groundwater contaminated from industrial sites.
Potential disadvantages of flame quenching to be discussed will include the following:
• Possible loss of revenue due to the loss of BTUs; and
• Development of slag due to large water droplet sizes or high water velocities.
Water Reclamation Practices at the Pinellas County (FL) Resource Recovery Facility
Authors: Robinson Joseph K. , Stasis Pete , Schwartz Mark 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Pinellas County Resource Recovery Facility (PCRRF) combusts 3,150 tons per day of municipal solid waste from Pinellas County, Florida and produces 75 megawatts (MW) of electrical generation capacity. The facility requires about 1.7 million gallons per day (MGD) of makeup water for the cooling tower and up to 200 thousand gallons per day of high-purity water for boiler makeup. The facility currently uses recovered storm water for cooling during summer months (rainy season) and treated municipal wastewater (“reclaimed water”) during the winter months (dry season). The facility currently uses potable water for boiler makeup and is planning to use reclaimed water in the future.
Use of reclaimed water for plant water demands is consistent with the philosophy of resource recovery. Reclaimed water, once considered a waste product, is now a valuable resource in water-short areas such as peninsular Florida. Pinellas County’s population of over 1 million people requires water for residential, commercial and industrial purposes. Use of reclaimed water for demands at the PCRRF minimizes the impact on limited freshwater resources and can also build support for the facility among the environmental community.
Reclaimed water also has economic benefits. Tampa Bay is experiencing ever-increasing potable water costs. Potable water prices are expected to outpace inflation for the next several years to fund capital improvements associated with the Tampa Bay water program. Reclaimed water is available during the winter season, and the PCRRF has the ability to procure it from two separate sources at competitive rates. During the summer months, the facility depends more on its storm water source. A lime softening pretreatment system processes the storm water prior to its use in the cooling towers.
Reclaimed water for boiler makeup will require membrane treatment followed by ion exchange. Microfiltration is being evaluated to remove bacteria-size particles and prevent fouling of the reverse osmosis membranes. Potable water will be used as a backup in the event of availability or quality problems with the reclaimed water supply.
Waste to Energy Plant Engineered Solutions
Authors: Mitchell Floyd L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper has been prepared to encourage communication between plant operators who have developed “in plant’ solutions to various problems encountered in waste-to-energy plants. Solutions presented include reciprocating grate designs, dry ash chute designs, ash water reuse clarification system, ash extractor level controls, easy access doors, and water clarification systems. Each problem is presented with solution(s) for each of the problems. A contact is provided for each solution for additional information.
Distribution of the Massachusetts Renewable Energy Trust Fund in the Realm of Municipal Politics
Authors: Merritt John A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
As part of the state’s restructuring and deregulation of the electric power industry, Massachusetts established the Renewable Energy Trust Fund (RETF) which earmarked approximately $50 million, collected as a surcharge on consumer electric utility bills, for distribution to municipalities that faced significant increased costs of MSW disposal because of required clean air retrofits to their Waste-to-Energy (WTE) facilities. The focus of this discussion will be upon the process, logistics and issues that evolved as that statutory benefit was implemented, including conflicts that led to the need for using a dispute resolution mechanism. Also included will be summary of issues that other states may want to address if considering similar provisions, in order to avoid some of the conflicts that arose during the Massachusetts process. For details on the Massachusetts program, see my paper presented last year at NAWTEC VIII, titled: Case Study – Electric Utility Restructuring – Massachusetts Renewable Energy Trust Fund.
Bacterial Proteasomes: Mechanistic and Functional Insights
Authors: Becker Samuel H. , Darwin K. Heran 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARY
Regulated proteolysis is essential for the normal physiology of all organisms. While all eukaryotes and archaea use proteasomes for protein degradation, only certain orders of bacteria have proteasomes, whose functions are likely as diverse as the species that use them. In this review, we discuss the most recent developments in the understanding of how proteins are targeted to proteasomes for degradation, including ATP-dependent and -independent mechanisms, and the roles of proteasome-dependent degradation in protein quality control and the regulation of cellular physiology. Furthermore, we explore newly established functions of proteasome system accessory factors that function independently of proteolysis.
A comparative study of the $$S_1$$ and $$U_1$$ leptoquark effects in the light quark regime
Authors: Doršner Ilja , Fajfer Svjetlana , Patra Monalisa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe study the phenomenology of two leptoquarks, the Standard Model SU(2) singlets $$S_1$$S1 and $$U_1$$U1, with regard to the latest experimental data from the low-energy flavor physics measurements, LHC, and the IceCube neutrino experiment. We consider a scenario when scalar (vector) leptoquark $$S_1$$S1 ($$U_1$$U1) couples exclusively to the down quark and the neutrinos (charged leptons) of all flavors, where the leptoquark in question couples to the SM lepton doublets. The couplings of $$S_1$$S1 ($$U_1$$U1) to the up-type quarks and the charged leptons (neutrinos) are in turn uniquely determined via SU(2) symmetry. We find that the most important constraints on the leptoquark parameter space originate from flavor physics measurements, followed by the LHC search limits that take over the flavor physics ones in the large LQ mass regime. We furthermore show that $$S_1$$S1 ($$U_1$$U1) marginally improves (spoils) the fit of the current IceCube data with respect to the SM case within the region of parameter space that is otherwise consistent with various low-energy flavor physics measurements and the latest LHC input. Our study offers an up-to-date analysis for these two leptoquarks in view of the latest experimental data.
Insurance Coverage, Employment Status, and Financial Well-Being of Young Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer
Authors: Tangka Florence K.L. , Subramanian Sujha , Jones Madeleine , Edwards Patrick , Flanigan Timothy , Kaganova Yevgeniya , Smith Kevin W. , Thomas Cheryll C. , Hawkins Nikki A. , Rodriguez Juan , Fairley Temeika , Guy Gery P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background:
The economic cost of breast cancer is a major personal and public health problem in the United States. This study aims to evaluate the insurance, employment, and financial experiences of young female breast cancer survivors and to assess factors associated with financial decline.

Methods:
We recruited 830 women under 40 years of age diagnosed with breast cancer between January 2013 and December 2014. The study population was identified through California, Florida, Georgia, and North Carolina population-based cancer registries. The cross-sectional survey was fielded in 2017 and included questions on demographics, insurance, employment, out-of-pocket costs, and financial well-being. We present descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis to assess factors associated with financial decline.

Results:
Although 92.5% of the respondents were continuously insured over the past 12 months, 9.5% paid a “higher price than expected” for coverage. Common concerns among the 73.4% of respondents who were employed at diagnosis included increased paid (55.1%) or unpaid (47.3%) time off, suffering job performance (23.2%), and staying at (30.2%) or avoiding changing (23.5%) jobs for health insurance purposes. Overall, 47.0% experienced financial decline due to treatment-related costs. Patients with some college education, multiple comorbidities, late stage diagnoses, and self-funded insurance were most vulnerable.

Conclusions:
The breast cancer diagnosis created financial hardship for half the respondents and led to myriad challenges in maintaining employment. Employment decisions were heavily influenced by the need to maintain health insurance coverage.

Impact:
This study finds that a breast cancer diagnosis in young women can result in employment disruption and financial decline.
Associations of Abdominal Skeletal Muscle Mass, Fat Mass, and Mortality among Men and Women with Stage I–III Colorectal Cancer
Authors: van Baar Harm , Winkels Renate M. , Brouwer Jesca G.M. , Posthuma Liesbeth , Bours Martijn J.L. , Weijenberg Matty P. , Boshuizen Hendriek C. , van Zutphen Moniek , van Duijnhoven Fränzel J.B. , Kok Dieuwertje E. , Wesselink Evertine , Slooter Gerrit D. , Spillenaar Bilgen Ernst J. , Hansson Birgitta M.E. , de Wilt Johannes H.W. , Kampman Ellen , Beijer Sandra 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground:The associations of abdominal skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT and SAT, respectively), and mortality among patients with stage I–III colorectal cancer may differ for men and women, but only few studies stratified their data into men and women. We investigated associations of abdominal SMI, VAT, and SAT with overall mortality among men and among women with stage I–III colorectal cancer.Methods:SMI, VAT, and SAT were assessed from abdominal CT images for 1,998 patients with stage I–III colorectal cancer diagnosed between 2006 and 2015. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to investigate associations of SMI, VAT, and SAT with overall mortality.Results:Average age of the participants was 67.9 ± 10.6 years and 58% were men. During a median follow-up of 4.3 years, 546 (27%) patients died. Among men, the association of SMI and mortality was statistically significant in a nonlinear way in the RCS analyses, with lower SMI levels associated with higher mortality. SMI was not associated with mortality among women. SAT was associated with mortality in a nonlinear way for men and for women, with lower SAT levels being associated with higher mortality. VAT was not significantly associated with mortality in men or women.Conclusion:Associations of abdominal skeletal muscle mass with mortality among patients with colorectal cancer were not the same for men and for women.Impact:This study stresses the importance for more attention on sex-related differences in body composition and cancer outcomes.