bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of carcass characteristics and meat quality between Simmental crossbred cattle, cattle‐yaks and Xuanhan yellow cattle
Authors: Wang Yongjie , Wang Zhisheng , Hu Rui , Peng Quanhui , Xue Bai , Wang Lizhi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe study compared the growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of steers of Xuanhan yellow cattle, Simmental crossbreed cattle (Simmental × Xuanhan yellow cattle) and cattle‐yak (Jersey × yak). All steers were feed with the same diet from 6 months until slaughter at 30 months. The longissimus dorsi muscle was used to compare the meat quality traits.RESULTSBy comparison, Simmental crossbreed cattle had higher growth performance (P < 0.05) and carcass characteristics (P < 0.05); cattle‐yak had higher value of a*, b* of meat color (P < 0.05) and higher protein contents of meat (P < 0.05); Xuanhan yellow cattle had higher water holding capacity (P < 0.05) and lower shear force (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThe results show that Simmental crossbred cattle had better meat performance and provided low‐fat meat with a beneficial fatty acid composition, but with lower meat quality; cattle‐yaks provided greater meat color and higher protein content; Xuanhan yellow cattle provided meat with preferable tenderness. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Corrosion fatigue crack propagation behavior of A7N01P‐T4 aluminum alloy welded joints from high‐speed train underframe after 1.8 million km operation
Authors: Lu Wei , Ma Chuanping , Gou Guoqing , Fu Zhenghong , Sun Weiguang , Che Xiaoli , Chen Hui , Gao Wei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUsing the potentiodynamic polarization analysis, the fatigue crack propagation behavior of A7N01P‐T4 aluminum alloy metal inert gas welded joints cut from a high‐speed train underframe after 1.8 million km operation was studied in air and in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The fracture surface and crack growth path were analyzed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results reveal that the corrosion fatigue crack growth rate of an A7N01P‐T4 welded joint in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution is higher than that in air. Furthermore, the corrosion fatigue crack growth rate is noted to be the fastest in the heat‐affected zone, followed by the base metal, whereas it is the slowest in the weld metal, which is consistent with the corrosion resistance of the A7N01P‐T4 joints. The second phase is observed to exhibit a significant influence on the corrosion fatigue crack propagation path. The cracks are noted to grow toward the soft orientation and have obvious plastic deformation during the propagation process, which indicates that the anodic dissolution is the main cause of the corrosion fatigue crack growth.
Rare variant (p.Ser43Asn) of familial transthyretin amyloidosis associated with isolated cardiac phenotype: A case series with literature review
Authors: Papathanasiou Maria , Carpinteiro Alexander , Kersting David , Jakstaite Aiste‐Monika , Hagenacker Tim , Schlosser Thomas‐Wilfried , Rischpler Christoph , Rassaf Tienush , Luedike Peter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundp.Ser43Asn is a very rare transthyretin (TTR) mutation leading to familial amyloidosis of transthyretin type, ATTR amyloidosis. It was previously observed in four patients worldwide and is associated almost invariably with an isolated cardiac phenotype.Methods and ResultsWe report here on an Italian family with early‐onset cardiomyopathy and aggressive disease course in the affected individuals leading untreated to cardiac death before 55 years of age. We describe the clinical phenotype and imaging findings of two affected siblings, who were treated with tafamidis at an early disease stage, and their affected mother, who died 9 years ago due to refractory heart failure. The review of the available literature highlights the fact that until recently ATTR amyloidosis may have been misdiagnosed as other types of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.ConclusionA better characterization of the genotype–phenotype associations is crucial to achieve optimal outcomes and facilitate informed decisions when treating individuals with rare mutations.
Organometallic Synthesis of Bimetallic Cobalt‐Rhodium Nanoparticles in Supported Ionic Liquid Phases (CoxRh100−x@SILP) as Catalysts for the Selective Hydrogenation of Multifunctional Aromatic Substrates
Authors: Rengshausen Simon , Van Stappen Casey , Levin Natalia , Tricard Simon , Luska Kylie L. , DeBeer Serena , Chaudret Bruno , Bordet Alexis , Leitner Walter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization, and catalytic properties of bimetallic cobalt‐rhodium nanoparticles of defined Co:Rh ratios immobilized in an imidazolium‐based supported ionic liquid phase (CoxRh100−x@SILP) are described. Following an organometallic approach, precise control of the Co:Rh ratios is accomplished. Electron microscopy and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy confirm the formation of small, well‐dispersed, and homogeneously alloyed zero‐valent bimetallic nanoparticles in all investigated materials. Benzylideneacetone and various bicyclic heteroaromatics are used as chemical probes to investigate the hydrogenation performances of the CoxRh100−x@SILP materials. The Co:Rh ratio of the nanoparticles is found to have a critical influence on observed activity and selectivity, with clear synergistic effects arising from the combination of the noble metal and its 3d congener. In particular, the ability of CoxRh100−x@SILP catalysts to hydrogenate 6‐membered aromatic rings is found to experience a remarkable sharp switch in a narrow composition range between Co25Rh75 (full ring hydrogenation) and Co30Rh70 (no ring hydrogenation).
Das AKTIN-Notaufnahmeregister – kontinuierlich aktuelle Daten aus der Akutmedizin
Authors: Brammen D. , Greiner F. , Kulla M. , Otto R. , Schirrmeister W. , Thun S. , Drösler S. E. , Pollmanns J. , Semler S. C. , Lefering R. , Thiemann V. S. , Majeed R. W. , Heitmann K. U. , Röhrig R. , Walcher F. ,   AKTIN-Notaufnahmeregister, Bienzeisler Jonas , Feeken Corinna , Fischer Hauke , Lucas Benjamin , Nazyok Tolga , Xu Tingyan , Brokmann Jörg , Mach Carsten , Grupp Caroline , Kühner Stefan , Pietsch Christian , Horn Oliver , Wrede Christian , Höger-Schmidt Heike , Dormann Harald , Blaschke Sabine , Bax Sönke , Behringer Wilhelm , Rettig Markus , Grashey Rupert , Henke Thomas , Habbinga Kirsten , Schilling Tobias , Wetzel Eckart , Baacke Markus , Erdmann Bernadett 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Notfallversorgung befindet sich im Umbruch. In Notaufnahmen werden Patienten ausgehend von Symptomen und Dringlichkeit versorgt; dies bildet sich jedoch in den etablierten Routinedaten der gesetzlichen Sozialversicherung nicht ab. Ziel des AKTIN-Projekts war der Aufbau einer datenschutzkonformen Registerinfrastruktur zur Nutzung von klinischen Routinedaten aus Notaufnahmen.

Methoden
Über eine standardisierte Schnittstelle werden aus den verschiedenen Dokumentationssystemen kontinuierlich Daten der Notaufnahmebehandlung in ein lokales Data Warehouse exportiert. Dort stehen sie sowohl für lokale Nutzungen, wie interne Berichte und Qualitätsmanagement, als auch gleichzeitig datenschutzkonform für multizentrische Auswertungen zur Verfügung.
Anhand der Registerpopulation wird die Ersteinschätzung sowie die Erhebung von Vitalparametern in Abhängigkeit von Vorstellungsgründen für einen 12-Monats-Zeitraum analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Für den Zeitraum 04/2018 bis 03/2019 wurden 436.149 gültige Fälle aus 15 Notaufnahmen übermittelt. In 86,0 % der Fälle ist eine Ersteinschätzung dokumentiert.
Diese fand in 70,5 % innerhalb von 10 min nach Ankunft des Patienten statt. In 10 Kliniken wird regelhaft (82,3 %) ein Vorstellungsgrund erfasst. Die Erfassung von Vitalparametern variiert plausibel zwischen den Vorstellungsgründen.

Schlussfolgerung
Das AKTIN-Notaufnahmeregister bietet einen zeitnahen Einblick in das Versorgungsgeschehen der Notaufnahmen ohne zusätzlichen Dokumentationsaufwand und unabhängig vom primären IT-System, Kostenträger, Fallart und Abrechnungsmodus. Die Vorgaben des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses zur Ersteinschätzung werden weitgehend umgesetzt. Durch die Etablierung von standardisierten Vorstellungsgründen werden symptombasierte Analysen und Gesundheitssurveillance ermöglicht.
Selbstlimitierende fokale Epilepsien aus dem Parietal- und Okzipitallappen im Kindesalter
Authors: Henzi Bettina C. , Datta Alexandre N. 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDen selbstlimitierenden fokalen Epilepsien im Kindesalter, eine heterogene Gruppe von Epilepsiesyndromen, sind fokale epileptische Anfälle ohne strukturelle Ursache, charakteristische EEG-Veränderungen und ein meist erfreulicher Verlauf gemeinsam. Zu den selbstlimitierenden fokalen Epilepsien gehören gemäß ILAE (International League Against Epilepsy) die selbstlimitierende Epilepsie mit zentrotemporalen Spikes („benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes“ [BCECTS]), die selbstlimitierende okzipitale Epilepsie des Kindesalters mit der Frühform (Typ Panayiotopoulos) und der Spätform (Typ Gastaut) sowie auch selbstlimitierende Epilepsien aus dem Frontal‑, Temporal und Parietallappen. Man geht davon aus, dass die selbstlimitierenden fokalen Epilepsien im Kindesalter in einem nosologischen Kontinuum beschrieben werden können und ätiologisch in aller Wahrscheinlichkeit einer gemeinsamen, genetisch definierten Störung des zerebralen Reifungsprozesses entspringen. In diesem Artikel werden wir im Detail auf die selbstlimitierenden fokalen Epilepsien aus dem Okzipital- und Parietallappen eingehen.
Efficient computation of bifurcation diagrams with a deflated approach to reduced basis spectral element method
Authors: Pintore Moreno , Pichi Federico , Hess Martin , Rozza Gianluigi , Canuto Claudio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe majority of the most common physical phenomena can be described using partial differential equations (PDEs). However, they are very often characterized by strong nonlinearities. Such features lead to the coexistence of multiple solutions studied by the bifurcation theory. Unfortunately, in practical scenarios, one has to exploit numerical methods to compute the solutions of systems of PDEs, even if the classical techniques are usually able to compute only a single solution for any value of a parameter when more branches exist. In this work, we implemented an elaborated deflated continuation method that relies on the spectral element method (SEM) and on the reduced basis (RB) one to efficiently compute bifurcation diagrams with more parameters and more bifurcation points. The deflated continuation method can be obtained combining the classical continuation method and the deflation one: the former is used to entirely track each known branch of the diagram, while the latter is exploited to discover the new ones. Finally, when more than one parameter is considered, the efficiency of the computation is ensured by the fact that the diagrams can be computed during the online phase while, during the offline one, one only has to compute one-dimensional diagrams. In this work, after a more detailed description of the method, we will show the results that can be obtained using it to compute a bifurcation diagram associated with a problem governed by the Navier-Stokes equations.
The Active Flux Scheme for Nonlinear Problems
Authors: Barsukow Wasilij 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Active Flux scheme is a finite volume scheme with additional point values distributed along the cell boundary. It is third order accurate and does not require a Riemann solver. Instead, given a reconstruction, the initial value problem at the location of the point value is solved. The intercell flux is then obtained from the evolved values along the cell boundary by quadrature. Whereas for linear problems an exact evolution operator is available, for nonlinear problems one needs to resort to approximate evolution operators. This paper presents such approximate operators for nonlinear hyperbolic systems in one dimension and nonlinear scalar equations in multiple spatial dimensions. They are obtained by estimating the wave speeds to sufficient order of accuracy. Additionally, an entropy fix is introduced and a new limiting strategy is proposed. The abilities of the scheme are assessed on a variety of smooth and discontinuous setups.
The role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in metabolic diseases
Authors: Wu Jiayu , Wang Kai , Wang Xuemei , Pang Yanli , Jiang Changtao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt is well known that an unhealthy lifestyle is a major risk factor for metabolic diseases, while in recent years, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the gut microbiome and its metabolites also play a crucial role in the onset and development of many metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease and so on. Numerous microorganisms dwell in the gastrointestinal tract, which is a key interface for energy acquisition and can metabolize dietary nutrients into many bioactive substances, thus acting as a link between the gut microbiome and its host. The gut microbiome is shaped by host genetics, immune responses and dietary factors. The metabolic and immune potential of the gut microbiome determines its significance in host health and diseases. Therefore, targeting the gut microbiome and relevant metabolic pathways would be effective therapeutic treatments for many metabolic diseases in the near future. This review will summarize information about the role of the gut microbiome in organism metabolism and the relationship between gut microbiome-derived metabolites and the pathogenesis of many metabolic diseases. Furthermore, recent advances in improving metabolic diseases by regulating the gut microbiome will be discussed.
Effects of Low Energy Availability on Bone Health in Endurance Athletes and High-Impact Exercise as A Potential Countermeasure: A Narrative Review
Authors: Hutson Mark J. , O’Donnell Emma , Brooke-Wavell Katherine , Sale Craig , Blagrove Richard C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEndurance athletes expend large amounts of energy in prolonged high-intensity exercise and, due to the weight-sensitive nature of most endurance sports, often practice periods of dietary restriction. The Female Athlete Triad and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport models consider endurance athletes at high-risk for suffering from low energy availability and associated health complications, including an increased chance of bone stress injury. Several studies have examined the effects of low energy availability on various parameters of bone structure and markers of bone (re)modelling; however, there are differences in findings and research methods and critical summaries are lacking. It is difficult for athletes to reduce energy expenditure or increase energy intake (to restore energy availability) in an environment where performance is a priority. Development of an alternative tool to help protect bone health would be beneficial. High-impact exercise can be highly osteogenic and energy efficient; however, at present, it is rarely utilized to promote bone health in endurance athletes. Therefore, with a view to reducing the prevalence of bone stress injury, the objectives of this review are to evaluate the effects of low energy availability on bone health in endurance athletes and explore whether a high-impact exercise intervention may help to prevent those effects from occurring.
Change in newly diagnosed Graves’ disease phenotype between the twentieth and the twenty-first centuries: meta-analysis and meta-regression
Authors: Ippolito S. , Cusini C. , Lasalvia P. , Gianfagna F. , Veronesi G. , Gallo D. , Masiello E. , Premoli P. , Sabatino J. , Mercuriali A. , Lai A. , Piantanida E. , Tanda M. L. , Bartalena L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
According to a few recent studies, the clinical phenotype of Graves’ disease (GD) at onset is becoming milder in recent years, in terms of prevalence and severity of hyperthyroidism, goiter and overt eye disease. The aim of this study was to assess the change in GD phenotype across the late twentieth and the early twenty-first centuries.

Materials and methods
We carried out a systematic search of studies published between 1/1/1980 and 12/31/2017 describing naïve GD patients at diagnosis. We collected epidemiological, clinical, biochemical and serological data reported in the selected studies, and (1) conducted a single-arm meta-analysis to compare clinical and biochemical characteristics of naïve GD patients before and after year 2000 and (2) performed a meta-regression to identify the trend of the observed clinical presentations.

Results
Eighty selected articles were related to the period before the year 2000, 30 to the years 2000–2017. According to demographics, the two defined populations were homogeneous at meta-analysis: overall estimated female prevalence was 81% [95% CI 79–82], mean estimated age of the entire population was 39.8 years [95% CI 38.4–41.1], with no significant differences between pre- and post-2000 groups (p > 0.05). The overall estimated prevalence of smokers was 40% [95% CI 33–46], with no significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). Mean estimated free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels at diagnosis were higher in the pre-2000 group: 4.7 ng/dl [95% CI 4.5–4.9] for FT4 and 14.2 pg/ml [95% CI 13.3–15.1] for FT3, as compared to the post-2000 group: 3.9 ng/dl [95% CI 3.6–4.2] for FT4 and 12.1 pg/ml [95% CI 11.0–13.3] for FT3 (all p < 0.01). Goiter estimated prevalence was higher in the pre-2000 group, 87% [95% CI 84–90], than in the post-2000 group, 56% [95% CI 45–67]. Estimated prevalence for Graves’ Orbitopathy (GO) was 34% [95% CI 27–41] in the pre-2000 group and 25% [95% CI 19–30] in the post-2000 group (p = 0.03). Accordingly, meta-regression adjusted for covariates showed an average annual reduction of FT4 (− 0.040 ± 0.008 ng/dl, p < 0.0001), FT3 (− 0.316 ± 0.019 pg/ml, p < 0.0001), goiter prevalence (− 0.023 ± 0.008%, p = 0.006), and goiter size (− 0.560 ± 0.031 ml, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Our meta-analysis and meta-regression confirmed that GD phenotype at diagnosis is nowadays milder than in the past; we hypothesize that conceivable factors involved in this change are iodoprophylaxis, worldwide decrease in smoking habits, larger use of contraceptive pill and micronutrient supplementation, as well as earlier diagnosis and management.
The pandemic, the acceleration of digital transformation and the impact on cyber security
Authors: Wilson Scott 
Published: December 2020

As one report put it: “We are living in an era of unprecedented technological innovation.” 1 That is certainly not hyperbole when one considers that 90% of the world's data has been produced in the past two years, due in no small part to the 26 billion smart devices now in circulation. Adopting new technologies, such as smart devices, may mean radically overhauling your existing operations to compete with more agile companies and serve demanding customers. However, those opportunities also mean threats. Digitisation means a bigger attack surface. Scott Wilson of eFax explains that digitisation without security is a recipe for disaster. Organisations need to ensure that they overcome the cultural obstacles holding back progress, provide the right support, and make decisions that will both secure and futureproof their organisations.
Strong-field effects induced in the extreme ultraviolet domain
Authors: Makos I. , Orfanos I. , Skantzakis E. , Liontos I. , Tzallas P. , Forembski A. , Nikolopoulos L. A. A. , Charalambidis D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Motivated by the achieved high intensities of novel extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation sources, such as free electron lasers and laser-driven high harmonic generation beamlines, we elaborate on their perspective in inducing observable strong field effects. The feasibility of extending such effects from the infrared and visible spectral regimes in the XUV domain is supported through numerically calculated models of near-future experiments. We highlight the advancement of performing studies in the time domain, using ultra-short XUV pulses, which allows for the temporal evolution of such effects to be followed. Experimental and theoretical obstacles and limitations are further discussed.
“BIG-OLD LONG LIPS, BIG-OLD JAR NOSE”: ANCIENT MESOAMERICAN MONSTERS AND CLOWNS AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF CHRISTIANITY IN EARLY COLONIAL MEXICO
Authors: Leeming Ben 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDuring the early Colonial period, Native writers, working under the aegis of mendicant friars, composed Christian texts in the Nahuatl language as part of the Roman Catholic Church's efforts to indoctrinate the Indigenous population of New Spain. Yet these Native “ghost-writers” were far from passive participants in the translation of Christianity. Numerous studies since the 1980s have demonstrated how Native writers exerted influence on the presentation of Christianity, in effect “indigenizing” the message and allowing for the persistence of essential elements of the Mesoamerican worldview. This article focuses on descriptions of demons and sinners drawn from Nahuatl-Christian texts and argues that Native writers drew on an ancient Mesoamerican repertoire of imagery involving physical deformity and transgressive behavior (the “monster-clown complex”). In pre-contact times, such imagery was associated with specific figures, including Olmec dwarfs, Maya “fat men,” and comic performers attached to the Mexica royal court. In each of these figures, both physical deformity and humor rendered them powerful, liminal beings often referred to as ritual clowns. By drawing upon this “monster-clown complex,” Native writers transformed what were intended to be terrifying motivators of conversion into something very different: morally neutral, supernaturally powerful, and ultimately essential members of the Mesoamerican sacred realm.