bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approximation of stability radii for large-scale dissipative Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Aliyev Nicat , Mehrmann Volker , Mengi Emre 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA linear time-invariant dissipative Hamiltonian (DH) system $\dot x = (J-R)Q x$ẋ=(J−R)Qx, with a skew-Hermitian J, a Hermitian positive semidefinite R, and a Hermitian positive definite Q, is always Lyapunov stable and under further weak conditions even asymptotically stable. By exploiting the characterizations from Mehl et al. (SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 37(4), 1625–1654, 2016), we focus on the estimation of two stability radii for large-scale DH systems, one with respect to non-Hermitian perturbations of R in the form R + BΔCH for given matrices B, C, and another with respect to Hermitian perturbations in the form R + BΔBH,Δ = ΔH. We propose subspace frameworks for both stability radii that converge at a superlinear rate in theory. The one for the non-Hermitian stability radius benefits from the DH structure-preserving model order reduction techniques, whereas for the Hermitian stability radius we derive subspaces yielding a Hermite interpolation property between the full and projected problems. With the proposed frameworks, we are able to estimate the two stability radii accurately and efficiently for large-scale systems which include a finite-element model of an industrial disk brake.
The influence of environmental and spatial factors on benthic invertebrate metacommunities differing in size and dispersal mode
Authors: Ptatscheck Christoph , Gansfort Birgit , Majdi Nabil , Traunspurger Walter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the drivers of species distribution is an important topic in conservation biology and ecology, pertaining to species traits like dispersal strategies and species–environment interactions. Here we examined the drivers of benthic species distribution at 20 sections of a second-order stream network. Environmental and spatial factors and the dispersal modes of the organisms were considered. We expected that species with aerial dispersal capabilities like insects would be less restrained by distance between sites and thus mostly affected by environmental factors. In contrast, we hypothesized that completely benthic species would mainly be affected by spatial factors due to limited dispersal. However, microscopic species like nematodes characterized by a high passive dispersal potential may be less limited by spatial factors. When using redundancy analyses and subsequent variance partitioning, the included variables explained 24% (insects), 24% (non-flying macrobenthos), and 32% (nematodes) of the variance in the respective community composition. Spatial factors mainly explained the species composition of all tested groups. In contrast with other larger species, nematodes were characterized by fine-scale patterns that might have been induced by random processes (e.g., random distribution and priority effects). Our study showed that dispersal processes are crucial in shaping benthic communities along streams albeit the relatively small sampling area (max. distance between sampling sites: 2 km). The demonstration of spatial factors as important drivers of the species distribution of passively dispersing benthic organismal groups highlights the role played by connectivity in determining species distribution patterns in river systems.
Representations of Pacific Islands and climate change in US, UK, and Australian newspaper reporting
Authors: Shea Meghan M. , Painter James , Osaka Shannon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPacific Islands often exemplify climate change vulnerability, yet little scholarship has probed how these representations translate to the media. This study examines newspaper articles about Pacific Islands and climate change in American, British, and Australian newspapers from 1999 to 2018, analyzing volume, content, and dominant narratives. These quantitative results are complemented by semi-structured interviews with journalists as well as Pacific stakeholders who engage with the media. Reporting on Pacific Islands and climate change focuses heavily on who and what are at risk from climate impacts; reporting on solutions is less frequent and dominated by discussions of migration. This overemphasis on vulnerability potentially downplays the importance of the resiliency and action of Pacific Island communities and positions the Pacific as a site for climate catastrophe, rather than climate justice. However, recent reporting may be moving away from overarching narratives of vulnerability, motivating continued research into these depictions and how they promote or discourage climate action.
Genetic diversity and biogeographic determinants of population structure in Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze
Authors: de Sousa Valderês Aparecida , Reeves Patrick A. , Reilley Ann , de Aguiar Ananda Virginia , Stefenon Valdir Marcos , Richards Christopher M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAraucaria (Araucaria angustifolia(Bert.) O. Ktze) is a primarily dioecious species threatened with extinction that plays an important social and economic role especially in the southern region of Brazil. The aim of this work is to investigate the diversity and likely determinants of genetic lineages in this species for conservation management. For this, a collection of 30-year-old Araucaria was used. Accessions collected from 12 sites across the species range were analyzed, with ten individuals per site. The SSR genotyping was conducted with 15 loci and the data were analyzed using several complementary approaches. Descriptive statistics among sampling sites were used and diversity was partitioned non-hierarchically to estimate the size and composition of genetic clusters using a Bayesian assignment method. To explore possible biological implications of differences between Niche Models and habitat suitability, a series of statistical procedures were used, and tests were carried out using the software ENM Tools and Maxent. Populations from the southernmost zone showed higher genetic variation and a lower inbreeding coefficient compared to the northernmost zone, which may correlate with their isolation. A positive relation between genetic differentiation and geographic distance was observed. Two genetic groups (southernmost and northernmost zones) were evident. The Niche modelling showed separate ranges for each genetic lineage suggesting that differences in selection pressure may be playing a role in the apparent differentiation and may be adaptive. Finally, an evident correlation was observed between genetic data and habitat suitability. The two distinct groups observed must be considered as independent units for conservation and hybridization in breeding programs.
Is Immediate Processing of Presupposition Triggers Automatic or Capacity-Limited? A Combination of the PRP Approach with a Self-Paced Reading Task
Authors: Schneider Cosima , Bade Nadine , Janczyk Markus 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInformally speaking, presuppositions are meaning components which are part of the common ground for speakers in a conversation, that is, background information which is taken for granted by interlocutors. The current literature suggests an immediate processing of presuppositions, starting directly on the word triggering the presupposition. In the present paper, we focused on two presupposition triggers in German, the definite determinerthe(Germander) and the iterative particleagain(Germanwieder). Experiment 1 replicates the immediate effects which were previously observed in a self-paced reading study. Experiment 2 then investigates whether this immediate processing of presuppositions is automatic or capacity-limited by employing the psychological refractory period approach and the locus of slack-logic, which have been successfully employed for this reason in various fields of cognitive psychology. The results argue against automatic processing, but rather suggest that the immediate processing of presuppositions is capacity-limited. This potentially helps specifying the nature of the involved processes; for example, a memory search for a potential referent.
Factors Associated with Anemia Status Among Children Aged 6–59 months in Ghana, 2003–2014
Authors: Shenton Luke M. , Jones Andrew D. , Wilson Mark L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
In 2008, 78% of Ghanaian children under 5 years old were anemic versus 48% of children globally. In this study, we identified proximal and distal determinants of severe–moderate anemia and mild anemia related to socioeconomic status, nutrition, and health access.

Methods
Using data from the 2003, 2008, and 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys (GDHS), the odds of severe–moderate anemia and mild anemia compared to no anemia, in relation to various hypothesized risk factors, were assessed using a multivariable, multinomial logistic regression, which accounted for survey design.

Results
From among 7739 households sampled, severe–moderate anemia was found in approximately 52%, 56%, and 40% of children during 2003, 2008, and 2014, respectively. The proportion of children diagnosed as not anemic was 26% in 2003, 22% in 2008, and 33% in 2014. There are large disparities in anemia prevalence among regions and between urban and rural areas. In 2014, children who were younger (aged 6–24 months), had a recent fever, were from poorer families, and whose mothers were less educated had greater odds of being severely–moderately anemic. These results remained significant when controlling for other risk factors. Predictors of anemia in Ghana remained relatively consistent among the three time periods when the GDHS was administered.

Conclusions
The prevalence of anemia in Ghana among children aged 6–59 months has remained unacceptably high. To reduce anemia in these children, the Ghanaian government should concentrate on educating women through both the traditional school system and antenatal care visits.
Motivation by gamification: Adapting motivational tools of massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) for peer-to-peer assessment in connectivist massive open online courses (cMOOCs)
Authors: Danka István 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the first decade of the 21st century, distance learning (usually subject to course fees and resulting in formal certification) was complemented by free-of-charge open learning courses with unlimited numbers of participants and no final certificate. Termedmassive open online courses(MOOCs), these soon fell into different categories, depending on their concept. Among them areconnectivistmassive open online courses (cMOOCs) which emphasise a collaborative approach to learning. However, while initial enrolment is indeed massive, completion rates are very low and cMOOCs notoriously lack an appropriate method of evaluating learning progress and motivational resources. The author of this article suggests that one way of addressing this problem might be to adapt motivational formative assessment tools used in massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) to cMOOCs. He argues that some characteristics of MMORPGs can be effectively incorporated in cMOOCs, thus benefiting from the motivational potential of MMORPGs. He cautions, however, that even if MMORPGs (and ongoing, low-stakes formative assessment in general) are motivational, they can only be applied to cMOOCs if the idea of formative assessment is not in tension with connectivist principles. Hence, the author argues for their compatibility, and builds on peer-to-peer assessment as a solution for resource allocation problems with low instructor–learner ratio.
Pierre Bourdieu on social transformation, with particular reference to political and symbolic revolutions
Authors: Fowler Bridget 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article challenges what is now the orthodoxy concerning the heritage of Bourdieu (1930–2002): namely, the judgement that his distinctive sociological innovation has been his theory of social reproduction, and that he has failed to provide a necessary theory of social change. Yet Bourdieu consistently claimed to offer a theory of social transformation as well as accounting for continuities of power. Indeed, he provides two substantive keys for an understanding of historical transformation—first, a theory of prophets (religious or secular) as the authors of heresies or “symbolic revolutions” that dispel current doxa; second, a theory of the “corporatism of the universal”: the role of intellectuals or other educated professionals in pursuit of social justice and other universalistic goals. Moreover, Bourdieu fuses his theories of “symbolic revolutions” with a materialist analysis of their social preconditions, including a fresh account of social crises. Crises—war, famine, recession, and especially the intensified precarity of the educated—have, for him, a profound impact, both within differentiated fields and across fields. Conflicts that become effectivelysynchronizedacross fields acquire great resonance within the wider field of power, particularly due to hysteresis or “maladjusted habitus.” Indeed, the appearance of crises, together with new prophetic heresies, leads the subordinate classes to question the taken-for-granted order of things and to orchestrate their resistance. Alongside his corpus of published writings, this article draws widely on Bourdieu’s posthumously published lectures. These cast a distinctive new light on how his well-known conceptual instruments can aid us in the study of historical change. They also expand on how social science itself might be used to facilitate progressive social movements.
A Multiwavelength Analysis of the Long-duration Flare Observed on 15 April 2002
Authors: Kepa Anna , Sylwester Barbara , Sylwester Janusz , Mrozek Tomasz , Siarkowski Marek 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe present a multiwavelength analysis of the long-duration flare observed on 15 April 2002 (soft X-ray peak time at 03:55 UT, ). This flare occurred on the disk (S15W01) in NOAA 9906 and was observed by a number of space instruments including the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO/EIT), the RESIK spectrometer onboard the Coronas-F spacecraft, and the Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI). We have performed a complex analysis of these measurements and studied the morphology and physical parameters characterizing the conditions in flaring plasmas. The 195 Å SOHO/EIT images have been used to study evolution of flaring loops. Analysis of RHESSI data provided the opportunity for a detailed analysis of hard X-ray emission with 1 keV energy resolution. We have used Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) observations for isothermal interpretation of the X-ray measurements. Temperature diagnostics of the flaring plasma have been carried out by means of a differential emission measure (DEM) analysis based on RESIK X-ray spectra. The DEM distributions were calculated based on two methods: Withbroe–Sylwester (WS) and differential evolution (DE). Both of the approaches provided similar results. We obtained two-component DEM distributions independent of the evolutionary flare phase. We found that the amount of energy of thermal plasma for this flare is of the order of 1030 ergs. The values obtained by assuming an isothermal plasma model are lower than those determined from the differential emission measure distributions.
Personality Disorders in Older Adults: a Review of Epidemiology, Assessment, and Treatment
Authors: Penders Krystle A.P. , Peeters Inge G.P. , Metsemakers Job F.M. , van Alphen Sebastiaan P.J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The aim of the paper is reviewing recent literature on the epidemiology, assessment, and treatment of personality disorders (PDs) among older adults (≥ 60 years).

Recent Findings
Since 2015, 12 primary empirical studies have been published addressing PDs in older adults; 3 addressing epidemiological aspects, 6 on assessment, 2 exploring both epidemiology and assessment, and 1 examining treatment. PD research in older adults is steadily growing and is predominantly focused on assessment. The studies showed that PDs were rather prevalent ranging from 10.6–14.5% in community-dwelling older adults, to 57.8% in nursing home–residing older adults. The Severity Indices of Personality Problems-Short Form, Gerontological Personality disorders Scale, and Assessment of DSM-IV Personality Disorders turned out to be promising instruments for assessing PDs in later life. Furthermore, schema therapy seems to be a feasible and effective intervention.

Summary
Despite promising findings, there is an urgent need for studies addressing PDs in older adults, especially studies investigating epidemiological aspects and treatment options. Furthermore, new areas of interest arise such as PDs in other settings, and behavioral counseling.
Impostorism in third-year medical students: an item analysis using the Clance impostor phenomenon scale
Authors: Levant Beth , Villwock Jennifer A. , Manzardo Ann M. 
Published: February 2020

Introduction Impostorism, feelings of distrust in one’s abilities and accomplishments despite evidence to the contrary, is frequent in medical students and negatively affects student wellness. Methods The aspects of impostorism that were most prevalent in medical students during the transition from the preclinical to clinical phases of their training were assessed using an anonymous, voluntary 60-item survey that included the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) and a 2-item burnout assessment administered in October-November 2018. Ratings of individual CIPS items were compared between items for the entire sample and in subpopulations of students. The correlation of individual CIPS items with CIPS total score was also determined. Results A total of 127 of 215 (59%) surveyed students responded, with 112 completing the CIPS with mean score of 63.0 ± 14.6 (moderate-to-frequent impostor feelings). Ratings of individual CIPS items differed significantly between items. Responses also differed depending on gender and perceived burnout or depersonalization. Discussion Third-year medical students identified most strongly with items related to unfounded fear of failure, hesitance to share recognition before it is announced, remembering failures rather than successes, believing themselves less capable than others, and worrying about succeeding. In contrast, attribution of accomplishments to luck was not prominent for these students. Responses to certain items also differed depending on gender and perceived burnout or depersonalization, but not self-reported under-represented minority status. This observation may inform the development of interventions tailored to foster wellness as students negotiate the transition from the preclinical to clinical phases of their training.
On the identification of finite non-group semigroups of a given order
Authors: Monsef M. , Doostie H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIdentifying finite non-group semigroups for every positive integer is significant because of many applications of such semigroups are functional in various branches of sciences such as computer science, mathematics and finite machines. The finite non-commutative monoids as a type of such semigroups were identified in 2014, for every positive integer. We here attempt to identify the finitecommutative monoidsand finitecommutative non-monoidsof a given integer$$n=p^\alpha q^\beta$$n=pαqβ, for every integers$$\alpha , \beta \ge 2$$α,β≥2and different primespandq. In order to recognize the commutative monoids, we present a class of 2-generated monoids of a given order, and for the commutative non-monoids of order$$n=p^\alpha q^\beta,$$n=pαqβ,we give the minimal generating set. Moreover, we prove that there are exactly$$(p^{\alpha }-2)(q^{\beta }-2)$$(pα-2)(qβ-2)non-isomorphic commutative non-monoids of order$$p^\alpha q^\beta$$pαqβ. The identification of non-group semigroups for the integers$$p^{2\alpha }$$p2αand$$2p^\alpha$$2pαis achieved. The automorphism groups of these groups are specified as well. As a result of this study, an interesting difference between the abelian groups and the commutative semigroups of order$$p^2$$p2is presented.
Open Geospatial Tools for Movement Data Exploration
Authors: Graser Anita , Dragaschnig Melitta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMovement data exploration presents a significant challenge due to the heterogeneity of movement datasets and analysis tasks. Furthermore, there is a lack of established tools for the exploratory analysis of movement data, as well as a lack of literature on best practices for applying corresponding concepts using commonly available data analysis tools. To address this gap, we present three open-source technology stacks for the exploratory analysis of movement data and discuss their capabilities and limitations.
Exercise in Thermal Inversions: PM2.5 Air Pollution Effects on Pulmonary Function and Aerobic Performance
Authors: Wagner Dale R. , Brandley Daniel C. 
Published: February 2020

Introduction Wintertime thermal inversions can lead to the accumulation of small particulate matter (PM2.5). Despite an association between respiratory hospital admissions and elevated PM2.5 levels, many people continue to exercise outdoors during inversions. This study compared pulmonary function and exercise performance during periods of low and high ambient PM2.5 concentrations. Methods Forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s were measured outdoors before and after two 3200 m running time trials: one with low ambient PM2.5 (0.6–14.7 microgram·m-3), and the other during high PM2.5 (19.1–42.5 micrograms·m-3). A 10 cm visual analog scale (VAS) administered postexercise quantified subjective ratings of respiratory discomfort. Results The PM2.5 differential between trials was ≥18 micrograms·m-3 for 10 healthy runners. Despite feeling more respiratory discomfort ( P=0.044) during the bad air trial (VAS: 4.6±1.8 cm) compared with the good air trial (VAS: 2.9±1.8 cm), the 3200 m run time (low PM2.5: 13:54±1:34 min:s; high PM2.5: 14:07±1:44 min:s) was not different ( P=0.261) between trials. Postexercise forced vital capacity was not significantly different ( P=0.846) between the low (4.86±1.00 L) and high (4.84±0.95 L) PM2.5 conditions. Similarly, the difference in postexercise forced expiratory volume in 1 s was not significant ( P=0.750) between trials (4.22±0.89 L vs 4.23±0.85 L). Conclusions Neither run time nor pulmonary function of healthy adults were adversely affected by an acute bout of exercise in elevated ambient PM2.5, equivalent to yellow or orange on the air quality index.
THE SOUNDS OF NATIONALISM: MUSIC, MOROCCANISM, AND THE MAKING OF SAMY ELMAGHRIBI
Authors: Silver Christopher 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSamy Elmaghribi was a mid-twentieth century Moroccan superstar. From his debut in 1948 through his professional zenith in 1956, the Jewish musician was a ubiquitous presence on radio and in concert. His popularity owed to his pioneering of modern Moroccan music and to his performance of Moroccan nationalism through song and on stage. Elmaghribi's brand of anti-colonial nationalism, however, was not that of any particular political party. Instead, he espoused what might be termed, “Moroccanism,” a territorial nationalism that placed Sultan Mohamed ben Youssef at its center. Like Elmaghribi, it enjoyed widespread support. This study demonstrates that a focus on musical culture gives voice to mainstream forms of Moroccan nationalism that have received little scholarly attention to date. It also points to the active participation of Jews in postwar MENA societies. Finally, this article reconsiders the dynamics of decolonization through study of Elmaghribi's career, which spanned colony and independent nation.