bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal Consistency and Test-retest Reliability of the Visual Memory Associative Test TMA-93
Authors: FRANCO-MACÍAS EMILIO , Rodrigo-Herrero Silvia , Luque-Tirado Andrea , Medina-Rodriguez Manuel , Graciani-Cantisán Eugenia , Maillet Didier , Sánchez-Arjona María Bernal 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Memory tests focused on binding may be more sensitive to diagnose Alzheimer´s disease (AD) at an early phase. TMA-93 examines binding by pairs of drawings of semantically-related objects. Preliminary validation studies have confirmed good diagnostic accuracy for the test to discriminate between patients with cognitive impairment and healthy controls (HCs) in low-educated populations. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability (internal consistency and test-retest reliability) of the TMA-93ina clinic setting with a high proportion of individuals with low-educational attainment. Methods.-The study was undertaken in a memory clinic of a university hospital in Southern Spain. The internal consistency of the 10 items that compose the TMA-93 was estimated on a cross-sectional, case-control study. 35 patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and 40 healthy controls (HCs) matched by age, gender, and educational attainment were tested by the TMA-93. The participant’s performance on each of the 10 items was scored from 0 to 3, according to the instructions for the test (maximum total score= 30 points). The internal consistency was estimated by Cronbach’s alpha. In addition, “split-half reliability”, by Spearman-Brown coefficient;“corrected item-total correlations”, and item redundancy, by “Cronbach’s alpha if item deleted”, were analyzed. The test-retest reliability for the TMA-93 total score was studied in 51HCstested by the same examiner 2-4 months apart and quantified by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results.-Internal consistency was “optimal” (Cronbach’s alpha=0.936). Split-half reliability was also high (Spearman-Brown coefficient= 0.911). The item-total score correlations were always above 0.660. No item was redundant as Cronbach’s alpha did not increase at deleting anyone. Test-retest reliability was “good” [ICC=0.802 (CI 95%=0.653-0.887)].Conclusion.-The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the TMA-93 are “good”. In addition to other psychometric properties, these results support the test for examining memory binding,particularly in contexts of low-educational attainment.
Identification and Validation of a Predictive Immune-Related Genes Signature for the Prognosis of Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Rui , Chen Chen , Li Qi , Fu Jialu , Zhang Dong , Li Wenzhi , Geng Zhimin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Immune-related genes (IRGs) play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). However, immune signatures have rarely been used to predict prognosis of CCA. The aim of this study was to construct a novel model for CCA to predict survival based on IRGs expression data. Methods: The gene expression profiles and clinical data of CCA patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were integrated to establish and validate prognostic IRG signatures. Differentially expressed immune-related genes were screened. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis were performed to identify prognostic IRGs, and the risk model that predicts outcomes was constructed. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan-Meier curve were plotted to examine predictive accuracy of the model, and a nomogram was constructed based on IRGs signature, combining with other clinical characteristics. Finally, CIBERSORT was used to analyze the association of immune cells infiltration with risk score. Results: We identified that 223 IRGs were signiﬁcantly dysregulated in patients with CCA, among which five IRGs (AVPR1B, CST4, TDGF1, RAET1E and IL9R) were identified as robust indicators for overall survival (OS), and a prognostic model was built based on the IRGs signature. Meanwhile, patients with high risk had worse OS in training and validation cohort, and the area under the ROC was 0.898 and 0.846, respectively. Nomogram demonstrated that immune risk score contributed much more points than other clinicopathological variables, with a C-index of 0.819 (95% CI, 0.727-0.911). Finally, we found that IRGs signature was positively correlated with the proportion of CD8+ T cells, neurophils and T gamma delta, while negatively with that of CD4+ memory resting T cells. Conclusions: We established and validated an effective five IRGs-based prediction model for CCA, which could accurately classify patients into groups with low and high risk of poor prognosis.
Immune-Related LncRNAs as Predictors of Survival in Breast Cancer: A Prognostic Signature
Authors: ma wei , zhao fangkun , yu xinmiao , guan shu , suo huandan , tao zuo , qiu yue , wu yunfei , cao yu , jin feng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, this poses challenges for classification and management. Long non-coding RNAs play acrucial role in the breast cancers development and progression, especially in tumor-related immune processes which have become the most rapidly investigated area. Methods: We obtained breast cancer patient samples and corresponding clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Immune-related lncRNAs were screened by co-expression analysis of immune-related genes which were downloaded from the Immunology Database and Analysis Portal (ImmPort). Clinical patient samples were randomly separatedinto training and testing sets. In the training set, univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO regression were utilized to build a prognostic immune-related lncRNA signature. The signature was validated in the training set, testing set, and whole cohorts by the Kaplan–Meier log-rank test, time-dependent ROC curve analysis, principal component analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results: A total of 937 immune- related lncRNAs were identified, 15 candidate immune-related lncRNAs were significantly associated with overall survival (OS). Eight of these lncRNAs (OTUD6B-AS1, AL122010.1, AC136475.2, AL161646.1, AC245297.3, LINC00578, LINC01871, AP000442.2) were selected for establishment of the risk prediction model. The OS of patients in the low-risk group was higher than that of patients in the high-risk group( p= 1.215e−06 in the training set; p =0.0069 in the validation set; p =1.233e−07 in whole cohort). The time-dependent ROC curve analysis revealed that the AUCs for OS in the first, eighth, and tenth year were 0.812, 0.81, and 0.857, respectively, in the training set, 0.615, 0.68, 0.655 in the validation set, and 0.725, 0.742, 0.741 in the total cohort. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated the model was a reliable and independent indicator for the prognosis of breast cancer in the training set (HR= 1.432; 95% CI 1.204−1.702, p <0.001), validation set (HR= 1.162; 95% CI 1.004−1.345, p = 0.044), and whole set (HR=1.240; 95% CI 1.128−1.362, p <0.001). GSEA analysis revealed a strong connection between the signature and immune-related biological processes and pathways. Conclusions: We constructed and verified a robust signature of 8 immune-related lncRNAs for the prediction of breast cancer patient survival.
Evaluation Relationship Among Dental Fear, SRP Pain and Periodontal Status Using Periodontitis Stages: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Liu Yeungyeung , Zhang Caimei , Wu Jingyi , Yu Huimin , Xu Duoling , Xie Chengjie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The present study used the new classification of periodontitis and validated questionnaires to assess the relationship among dental fear, SRP pain and periodontal status for clinical evaluation.Methods: An amount of 120 periodontitis patients were retrospective analyzed and staged according to the new classification of periodontitis. Scaling and root planning (SRP) was performed and Visual analogue scales (VAS) applied immediately after SRP treatment. Application of questionnaires including Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scales (DAS), Dental Fear Survey (DFS), and the short-form Dental Anxiety Inventory (S-DAI) were adopted at the time of first attendance and consequent visit after 6 months to assess dental fear level. The scores of each dental fear scale and combination scales were recorded. Patients were divided into two categories according to DAS value (low dental fear group: DAS<13; high dental fear group: DAS≥13). The statistical analysis was performed by t-test, chi-square, pearson and spearman correlative analysis to evaluated the relationship and differences among dental fear, SRP pain and periodontal status.Results: Compared to pre-SRP treatment, dental fear level of DFS and combination scales were significantly decreased in post-treatment in all periodontitis stage. There were no statistical significance on dental fear level of S-DAI and DFS between patients pre and post-treatment in periodontitis stage I and II, while statistical significance were shown in stage III and IV. Correlation were statistical significance among dental fear level assessed by DAS, DFS and S-DAI, VAS and periodontitis stages. Significant differences of patient amount were shown between two categories according to DAS.Conclusions: SRP can reduce dental fear level in all periodontitis stages, especially stage III and IV. Correlations exist among periodontal status, dental fear and SRP pain. High dental fear relates to poor periodontal status.
Data quality of the routine health management information system at the primary healthcare facility and district levels in Tanzania
Authors: RUMISHA SUSAN F. , LYIMO EMANUEL P. , MREMI IRENE R. , TUNGU PATRICK K. , MWINGIRA VICTOR S. , MBATA DORIS , MALEKIA SIA E. , JOACHIM CATHERINE , Mboera Leonard 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Effective planning for disease prevention and control requires accurate, adequately-analysed, interpreted and communicated data. This study assessed the quality of routine Health Management Information System (HMIS) data at healthcare facility (HF) and district levels in Tanzania.
Methods

HMIS tools used at primary health care facilities (dispensary, health centre, hospital) and district office were reviewed to assess their availability, completeness, and accuracy of collected data. The assessment involved seven health service areas namely, Outpatient department, Inpatient department, Antenatal care, Family Planning, Post-natal care, Labour and Delivery and Provider-initiated Testing and Counselling.
Results

A total of 115 HFs in 11 districts were assessed. Registers (availability rate = 91.1%; interquartile range (IQR):66.7%-100%) and report forms (86.9%; IQR:62.2%-100%) were the most utilized tools. There was a limited use of tally-sheets (77.8%; IQR:35.6%-100%). Tools availability at dispensary was 91.1%, health-centre 82.2% and hospital 77.8%, and was poor in urban districts. The availability rate at the district level was 65% (IQR:48%-75%). Reports were highly over-represented in comparison to registers’ records, with large differences observed at HF phase of the data journey and more profound in hospitals. Tool availability and data quality varied by service-areas, indicators, facility level, and districts, however, with a remarkable improvement over the years.
Conclusion

There are high variations and improvements in the tool utilisation and data accuracy at facility and district levels. The routine HMIS is weak and data at district level inaccurately reflects what is available at the HFs. These results highlight the need to design tailored and inter-service strategies for improving data quality.
Outcomes of male circumcision performed by medical doctors and non–doctor health workers in central Uganda
Authors: Matumaini Hope Kibansha , Batte Anthony , Otwombe Kennedy , Lebotsa Emily , Luboga Sam 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective: Task shifting for male circumcision is still a challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of circumcision conducted by doctors compared to non-doctors in Kampala, UgandaResults: In this prospective cohort study, we observed and followed 274 males at 3 health facilities in Kampala, Uganda. Each participant was observed during the circumcision procedure, monitored for 2 hours post-surgery and assessed at 24hours, 3 days and after one week for adverse events. The mean age of the circumcised men was 24.82 (6.36) years. Of the circumcisions, 19.3% (53/274) were carried out by doctors while 80.7% (221/274) by non-doctor health workers. About 5.47% (15/274) experienced adverse events and the proportions by cadre were similar; medical doctors (5.66% [3/53]) and non-doctor health workers (5.43% [12/221]), p=0.99. Seven patients had evidence of pus discharge (all had been operated by non-doctors), only 2 patients had bleeding at 2 hours (one by medical doctor and one by non-doctor), 4 patients had evidence of excessive skin removal (2 by medical doctor vs 2 by non-doctors). There was no reported urethral injury or glans amputation. These results indicate that non-doctor health workers can offer circumcision services safely with low adverse event rates.
VDAC1 Conversely Correlates with Cytc Expression and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Human Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Chen Fangfang , Yin Shuai , Luo Bin , Wu Xiaoyan , Yan Honglin , Yan Dandan , Chen Chuang , Guan Feng , Yuan Jingping 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
AIM: The main objectives of this article were to evaluate the association of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) expression with Cytochrome C (Cytc) protein, various clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients diagnosed with breast cancer (BC). Meanwhile, the correlation of Cytc expression with various clinical features and 5-year disease-free survival (5-DFS) of BC is also investigated. Methods: Expression of VDAC1 protein and Cytc protein was conducted in 219 BC patients and 60 benign breast lesions by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Results: In our study, VDAC1 protein expression was significantly increased while Cytc protein was decreased in breast tumor tissues (P = 0.015 and P = 0.029, respectively). High expression of VDAC1 is conversely associated with Cytc expression in BC, especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (P = 0.011 and P = 0.004, respectively). Interestingly, high expression of VDCA1 not only had a significant association with advanced TNM stage, histological grade, LNM, HER2 gene amplification and recurrence (P < 0.05), but also displayed a poorer 5-DFS (P < 0.001) in BC. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard model demonstrated VDAC1 as a novel independent poor prognostic factor in BC (P = 0.001). Strikingly, our study also showed the prognostic significance of VDAC1 in triple-negative breast cancer in particular. Furthermore, low expression of Cytc was found to be correlated with histological grade, ER status, PR status and recurrence in BC (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that low Cytc expression was associated with poorer survival and high mortality rate (P = 0.007). Cytc protein expression also served as a novel independent prognosis parameters in BC patients (P = 0.035). Conclusion: Our findings firstly revealed that VDAC1 was elevated in BC tissues and conversely associated with Cytc. Furthermore, high VDAC1 protein was associated with reduced 5-DFS and could be acted as an independent poor prognostic factor not only in breast cancer in general, but also in TNBC in particular. All in all, VDAC1 can be exploited as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in BC, especially in TNBC.
Three-Dimensional Length from the Center of the Liver is a Prognostic Factor of Colorectal Cancer with Liver Metastasis: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Bong Jun Woo , Ju Yeonuk , Seo Jihyun , Kang Sang Hee , Park Pyoung-Jae , Choi Sae-Byeol , Lee Sun Il , Oh Sang Cheul , Min Byung Wook 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Resectability of liver metastasis is important to establish a treatment strategy for colorectal cancer patients. We aimed to evaluate the effect of distance from metastasis to the center of the liver on the resectability and patient outcomes after hepatectomy. Methods Clinical data of a total of 124 patients who underwent hepatectomy for colorectal cancer with liver metastasis were retrospectively reviewed. We measured the minimal length from metastasis to the bifurcation of the portal vein at the primary branch of the Glissonean tree and defined it as “Centrality”. Predictive effects on positive resection margin and overall survival of centrality were statistically analyzed. Results The value as a predictive factor for the positive resection margin of centrality was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic curve (area under the curve = 0.72, P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, total number of metastases ≥ 3 and centrality ≤ 1.5 cm were significant risk factors of overall survival. Patients with these two risk factors (n=21) had worse 5-year overall survival (10.7%) than patients with one (n=35, 58.3%) or no risk factor (n=68, 69.2%). In subgroups analysis, neoadjuvant chemotherapy improved overall survival in patients with these two risk factors. Conclusion Centrality was related with a positive resection margin and had a negative effect on survival. By combining the total number of metastases with centrality, we could determine disease prognosis and neoadjuvant chemotherapy indications for advanced colorectal cancer with liver metastasis.
Etiological Detection for Cerebral Parenchymal Opportunistic Infections in AIDS Patients by PCR
Authors: Liang Bo , Yang Siyuan , Liang Tingyu , Zhao Hongxin , Ding Xinghuan , Wang Fang , Feng Enshan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Central nervous system (CNS) opportunistic infections (OIs) is one of the most important complication in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients. As far as the cerebral parenchymal OIs (encephalitis) are concerned, the sensitivity and specificity of pathogens routine test methods are not highly acceptable at present.Objective: Detect the pathogens of cerebral parenchymal OIs in AIDS patients by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), to evaluate the utility of this method, and observe the etiology characteristics of cerebral parenchymal OIs and their impact on the prognosis in AIDS patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study design involving 33 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPET) samples of cerebral inflammatory lesions in AIDS patients from 2012 to 2020 were retrieved from the Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University. Pathogen-specific primers were used to detect DNA from cytomegalovirus (CMV), toxoplasma gondii (TG) and John Cunningham virus (JCV), via real-time PCR. Follow-up visits were conducted by telephone and outpatient service. Survival time after operation was counted.Results: Of 33 samples sent for PCR, 90.91% (30/33) were positive, 33 pathogens detected. JCV accounted for 60.61% (20/33) of all causes of cerebral parenchymal OIs, 21.21% (7/33) for CMV, 18.18% (6/33) for TG. IgG antibody against TG in serum (P=0.005) and in CSF (P=0.013) obviously correlated with TG expression in FFPET. The 0 pathogen patients tend to suffer from solitary lesion (P=0.018). JCV positive patients in FFPET tended to have higher odds of death (P=0.0096), whereas patients with TG positive showed lower odds of death (P=0.0431). Conclusion: JCV is the most prevalent pathogen of cerebral parenchymal OIs among AIDS patients, and tend to have a poor prognosis. The utility of the diagnostic method for pathogen identification by PCR combined with the investigation of etiological characteristics may improve the diagnosis and prognosis of AIDS related cerebral parenchymal OIs patients.
Tenofovir Based First Line Therapy in Newly Diagnosed Case of HIV Infection: An Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital in India
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Arkapal , Palepu Sarika , Saini Bhavna , Chaurasia Rakesh Chandra , Yadav Rakesh Kumar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction: India has a huge burden of HIV/AIDS infection. Tenofovir based first line therapy is the preferred treatment for newly diagnosed cases with HIV infection. Methodology: The present prospective study was done among newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection. The patients were followed up for a period of 6 months from the day of enrolment. Sociodemographic parameters, CD4 counts and adverse drug reactions were analysed at baseline and after 6 months. Bi-variate and multi-variate logistic regression was performed with the outcome variable as occurrence of adverse drug reactions. Result: In this study, 67 patients were enrolled with mean age 32.75 (± 14.39) years. Mean CD4 count at start of treatment was 241.5/mm3. Mean difference in CD4 count was 383.05/mm3 (SD = 274.9). Dizziness, tingling, numbness of extremities and muscle cramps were most common adverse effects. On multi-variate logistic regression, occurrence of ADRs was seen to be significantly higher only in illiterate patients. Conclusion: The present study highlights the importance of long-term follow-up of the patients on antiretroviral therapy. Adequate monitoring of the treatment parameters is of utmost importance.
Association between cardiometabolic health and objectively-measured, free-living sleep parameters in a rural African setting: a pilot study.
Authors: Cook Ian , Mohlabe Matlawa , Makgopa Herbert Mabalane 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives

To investigate the relationship between objectively-measured, free-living sleep quantity and quality, and cardiometabolic health, in a rural African setting in 139 adults (≥40 years, female: n=99, male: n=40). Wrist-mounted, tri-axial accelerometry data was collected over nine days. Measures of sleep quantity and quality, and physical activity were extracted from valid minute-by-minute data. Self-reported data included behavioural, health and socio-demographic variables. Biological data included body composition, resting blood pressure and fasting blood glucose, insulin and lipids. Regression models were constructed with insulin resistance (IR), Cardiometabolic (CM) risk and a metabolic z-score, as dependent variables, adjusting for socio-demographic, behavioural and biological factors.

Results

Nocturnal sleep time was longer in females (p=0.054) and sleep quality was better in males (p≤0.017). Few participants slept >9 hours/night (4-5%), and 46-50% slept <7 hours/night. IR and CM risk was higher in females (p≤0.006). In adjusted models, sleep variables were independently associated with IR (p<0.05). Sleep quantity was linearly (p<0.05) and non-linearly (p≤0.0196) associated with IR, and non-linearly (p≤0.0398) associated with CM risk. Sleep quality was linearly related with IR (p<0.05). A number of non-sleep behavioural variables were independently associated with CM risk (alcohol and tobacco use, p≤0.034) and IR (physical activity, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, p<0.05).