bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the 4‐week high intensity interval physical exercise intervention on physical fitness, cognitive function and electroencephalogram patterns in 6 Korean elderly
Authors: Lee Sun Min , Choi Muncheong , Chun Byoung‐O , Kang Dong Won , Kang Seung Wan , Sun Kyunghwa , Song Hong‐sun , Moon So Young 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis is a preliminary study to research the efficacy of a multicomponent and structured high intensity interval physical exercise intervention (PEI) on cognitive function in the not‐demented Korean elderly.MethodWe enrolled 6 not‐demented participants over the age of 70 from a community health center (77.0±4.7 years, 33.3% female). The PEI was conducted at the community health center for 4 weeks, 3 times a week, and 1 hour a day. It was a multicomponent structured physical exercise program consisting of muscle strength, flexibility, balance and aerobic exercises using elastic bands and ladder‐shaped floor plate, which was also a high intensity interval exercise program that allowed participants to maintain a 75 percent increase in their heart rate during exercise rather than the heart rate measured at rest. The outcome of this study was the effect of our PEI and was intended to be verified by conducting the physical fitness, cognitive function evaluation and electroencephalography, which were analyzed by paired t‐tests.ResultAfter the PEI, some items of participants' physical fitness and cognitive function evaluation were improved: 30‐seconds sit‐stand test (16.2±7.0 vs 24.8±5.5, p<0.05), 2‐minutes stationary march (98.3±27.2 vs 143.7±36.9, p<0.05), literacy independent cognitive assessment (LICA) memory domain score (89.6±21.6 vs 111.0±19.1, p<0.05), LICA executive domain score (33.3±5.3 vs 37.0±5.1, p<0.05) and LICA total score (214.6±30.6 vs 241.6±22.8, p<0.05). In addition, the relative theta and delta power on temporal brain region were decreased and the relative beta power on frontal brain region was increased (p<0.05) after the PEI.ConclusionThis study suggests that our high intensity interval PEI program could be helpful for the elderly with cognitive brain function as well as physical fitness, lower extremity muscular and cardiopulmonary endurance.
An enriched environment improves cognitive impairment in an Alzheimer’s disease model by enhancing the secretion of exosomal miR‐146a from the choroid plexus
Authors: Nakano Masako 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn enriched environment (EE) is reported to prevent the cognitive impairment and ameliorate the pathologic changes in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), however the mechanisms have not been fully clarified. In this study, we examined whether an EE enhance the secretion of exosomal miRNA(miR)‐146a from the choroid plexus (CP) and ameliorate the pathologic changes in AD model.MethodMale 5×FAD mice (B6.Cg‐Tg(APPSwFlLon,PSEN1*M146L*L286V)6799Vas/Mmjax) which develop Aβ plaques in the brain and exhibit cognitive decline were used. At 3 months of age, these mice were divided into control cage (CC) or EE, then housed in either cage until 6 months old. Then, cognitive function was evaluated using Morris Water Maze (MWM) test and mice were sacrificed. In vitro experiments, the secretion of exosomal miR‐146a from CP epithelial cells were evaluated after stimulating of interferon (IFN)‐γ. In addition, we cultured hippocampal astrocytes and added 1 µM Aβ fibrils and 250 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to them to mimic the pathological change of astrocytes in AD. Then we transfected miR‐146a into Aβ/LPS induced inflammatory astrocytes to evaluate the effect of miR‐146aResultIn MWM test, the cognitive impairment in 5×FAD mice was completely prevented by EE. In morphological study, EE ameliorated the expression of TNFα in astrocytes and increased the intensity of synaptophysin in the subiculum area of the hippocampus. In AD model mice treated with EE, increased levels of micro RNA (miR)‐146a and down‐regulation of NF‐κB were observed in the hippocampus. In addition, increased levels of IFN‐γ were seen in serum from mice exposed to an EE. In vitro, enhanced miR‐146a expression was observed in exosomes derived from the CP after IFN‐γ treatment. In further in vitro experiments, miR‐146a transfection ameliorated Aβ/LPS induced astrocytic inflammation by down‐regulating tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 6 and NF‐κB.ConclusionThe secretion of exosomal miR‐146a from CP, that is enhanced by EE, is a key factor in ameliorating astrocytic inflammation, leading to synaptogenesis and correction of cognitive impairment.
“Bridge” project: An intergenerational approach with prototype games for young people and people with dementia
Authors: Tsolaki Magda , Makri Marina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeople with dementia (PwD) are often excluded from intergenerational social activities due to stigmatization. The generation gap is constantly widening while young people are losing their interest to participate in volunteering actions concerning elderly people. The Erasmus+ funded “Bridge” program is a 3 year pan‐European initiative that aims to develop a set of prototypes Serious Games (SGs) (physical, digital or phygital) acting on cognitive and behavioral symptoms of dementia, involving also younger and older people.MethodA Methodological Guide related to Bridge's workshops methodology, key points for prototype SGs and e‐platform was developed. This step was followed by Co‐Creation Workshops in 3 countries, development of working games prototypes and finalization of 8 selected games. A second Implementation of Workshops will be organized in each country in order to figure out these results. The Bridge web‐platform (https://projectbridge.eu/), containing MOOCs on the methodology of the game‐creation workshops and the final 8 selected prototypes games will be the final result.ResultsIn the Methodological Guide, the Bridge workshops and the game co‐design process is defined. In Greece (Alzheimer Hellas), Italy (Anziani e non solo) and Romania (Asociatia Habilitas), 24 PwD co‐designed and played several games in collaboration with 6 game‐designers, 16 healthcare professionals, 7 caregivers and 21 young volunteers. After the implementation of the workshops 11 prototypes of the games have been developed. The team project decided which of them can be the final 8 games for the Bridge platform, which have been refined through and digitalized. The final 8 prototypes games are: Next destination, flea market, find the word, bird‐watching, emotions, the directors, blooming flowers, speciatite.ConclusionThe intergenerational workshops, in which PwD and young people create and use SGs, can narrow the gap between generations, decrease the stigma of dementia and promote civic participation of young people by developing the role of volunteering for social inclusion. This intervention and the final result of this program can create awareness and motivation about importance and possibilities of SGs as a tool for improving the quality of life of older people and their families and improve cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions of PwD.
Systematic review on the method and type of convergence study of Inertial Measurement Unit
Authors: Lee Hey Sig , Shin Ga‐In , Woo Ye‐Shin , Park Da‐Sol , Park Hae Yean 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study is to analyze trends in the method and type of Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) by investigating studies on the type and method of convergence study of the IMU by systematic review.MethodThe study was conducted using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) guidelines.Result23 studies that meet the selection criteria were selected from 630 studies identified by three databases. As a result of this study, showed that various research using IMU was being conducted around the world, and the type of IMU was strap, full body suit, belt, wrist watch, shoes and glove. Among them, the number of strap‐type IMUs was the largest at 11. The IMU's strengths were simplicity, real‐time data collection and ease of application, which were used as measurement methods such as task, walking, and range of joint.ConclusionThe result of this study is expected to be used as basic data for experts in the medical and rehabilitation fields that conduct IMU research.
Utility evaluation and radio‐pathological analysis of a tau tracer, 18F‐PI‐2620, in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and non‐AD tauopathies
Authors: Tezuka Toshiki , Takahata Keisuke , Tabuchi Hajime , Ueda Ryo , Miura Eisuke , Okita Hajime , Takao Masaki , Mashima Kyoko , Kubota Masahito , Seki Morinobu , Yoshizaki Takahito , Nakahara Tadaki , Yamamoto Yasuharu , Sano Yasunori , Momota Yuki , Shiraiwa Mika , Shibata Mamoru , Jinzaki Masahiro , Mimura Masaru , Nakahara Jin , Ito Daisuke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundTau aggregates are one of key pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, PET probes for tau have been developed for in vivo detection of tau accumulation, but have limitations such as off‐target binding and lower ability to detect tau in non‐AD tauopathies. Preclinically, a tau tracer, 18F‐PI‐2620, has a high binding‐affinity and specificity for aggregated tau, and was indicated to have desirable properties for visualization of tau accumulation in both AD and non‐AD tauopathies (Kroth H. et al, Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2019). The aim of present study is to assess the ability of 18F‐PI‐2620 to detect regional tau burden in AD and non‐AD tauopathies.MethodWe recruited healthy volunteers (N=4, 64‐79 years old), patients with AD (N=4, 65‐80 years old), and with non‐AD tauopathies (three PSP cases and two CBS cases) (N=5, 65‐78 years old). One clinically diagnosed PSP case was pathologically confirmed as CBD after the autopsy. PET imaging with 18F‐PI‐2620 was performed, and its accumulation in the cortical and subcortical region were assessed by calculating standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR), along with amyloid PET using 18F‐flobetaben. Furthermore, a postmortem analysis for radio‐pathological correlation was performed in one CBD patient.ResultIn AD, focal retention of 18F‐PI‐2620 was apparent in the temporal, parietal, and cingulate cortex. SUVR analysis revealed that more prominent uptake in the globus pallidus (GP) and midbrain was observed in PSP, CBS, and CBD cases in comparison to AD cases, whereas such discrepancies were not apparent in other regions with expected four repeat (4R) tau accumulation. In a CBD case, radio‐pathological analysis failed to show a strong correlation between region‐matched 18F‐PI‐2620 retention in vivo and postmortem burden of tau (AT8 immunohistochemistry).ConclusionAlthough 18F‐PI‐2620 may be a promising tracer for tau in AD cases, in vivo retention of this tracer doesn't correlate with expected 4R tau burden in non‐AD tauopathies. 18F‐PI‐2620 may have limited utility for reliable detection of 4R tau pathology.
Optical coherence tomography angiography in cognitively impaired patients: Vascular and neurodegenerative perspectives
Authors: Lee Ju‐Yeun , Kim Jun Pyo , Jang Hyemin , Kim Jaeho , Kim Ji Sun , Jung Young Hee , Seo Sang Won , Na Duk L , Oh Sei Yeul , Lee Jong Min , Kang Sung Hoon , Kim Hee Jin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundVascular and neuronal changes in the retina may reflect cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and neurodegeneration in the brain. We aimed to compare radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) network density and RNFL thickness between diagnostic groups using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) imaging. Then, we evaluated whether the RPC network density correlated with CSVD markers and whether RNFL correlated with Aβ or brain cortical thickness.MethodIn this prospective, cross‐sectional, observational study, subjects were recruited from February 2018 to March 2019. Retinal vascular [Capillary density (CD) of the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) network] and neurodegeneration markers [retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness at four quadrants] were measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) imaging. Brain vascular (CSVD score), and neurodegeneration markers [brain cortical thickness] were assessed using 3D brain magnetic resonance imaging. We compared CD and RNFL thickness between ADCI, SVCI, and CN group. Then, we evaluated correlation between retinal imaging markers (CD and RNFL) and brain imaging markers (CSVD score and cortical thickness)ResultThe mean (SD) age of total 60 participants was 70.3 (9.0) years and 21 (35%) of them were male. The SVCI group showed lower CD in the temporal quadrant of RPC network compared to the CN group (mean (sd), 42.34 (6.29) vs 48.45 (7.08); p = 0.002), and lower CD in the superior quadrant of RPC network (mean (sd), 60.14 (6.42) vs 64.15 (6.39); p = 0.021) compared with the ADCI group. The CD was negatively correlated with CSVD score in the superior (regression coefficient, ‐0.050; 95% CI, ‐0.083 to 0.017; p=0.004) and temporal (regression coefficient, ‐0.042; 95% CI, ‐0.070 to ‐0.014; p=0.004) quadrants of the RPC network. RNFL thickness did not differ among the groups nor did it correlate with cortical thickness.ConclusionThe importance of the CD of the RPC network rather than RNFL thicknesses should be highlighted in evaluating cerebral pathology. Moreover, noninvasive and rapid acquisition of OCTA images has the potential to be used as a peripheral imaging tool to screen for the degree of CSVD.
The effects of self‐management program for elderly with chronic illness in the community and its measurement
Authors: Shin Ga‐In , Park Hae Yean 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAt present, there is an increasing number of studies that carry out self‐care programs for elderly people living in the community who have chronic illness.MethodDatabases used for study search were Google Scholar, RISS, and Dbpia. And research questions were selected based on the PICO framework. We searched the study published from January 2010 to September 2019 and selected the final six studies by applying inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria.ResultThe selected study had qualitative level of Level 1‐2. In general characteristics of the program, nurses conducted the most programs, and the program was operated for 50 elderly people or less. In addition, the program was conducted mainly in public health centers, senior centers. The subjects were the most studies for chronic patients with hypertension. The dependent variables of the program covered the cognitive domains in all the studies, and many of the studies measured the physical domains as the dependent variables.ConclusionThis study provide the effectiveness of self‐management intervention for the elderly with chronic diseases living in the community, and highlight the need for the development of programs for chronic diseases in the community. In addition, this study suggests measuring tools related to various cognitive, physical, mental, social and quality of life of the elderly, and suggests the necessity of multidisciplinary research.
Association of plasma YKL‐40 with brain amyloidosis, memory performance, and sex in subjective memory complainers
Authors: Baldacci Filippo , Lemercier Pablo , Vergallo Andrea , Chiesa Patrizia Andrea , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Potier Marie‐Claude , Habert Marie‐Odile , Cavedo Enrica , Caraci Filippo , Dubois Bruno , Lista Simone , Hampel Harald 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeuroinflammation – a crucial early pathomechanistic alteration of Alzheimer's disease (AD) – may represent either a detrimental or a compensatory mechanism or both, based on the disease stage. YKL‐40, a glycoprotein highly expressed in human glia cells, is a candidate biomarker to in vivo track glial‐related neuroinflammation in AD. Few studies explored, in cognitively healthy individuals, the potential influence of key biological factors – age, sex, Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele – on YKL‐40 plasma concentrations as well as its association with other AD pathophysiological mechanisms and cognitive scores.MethodWe assessed the cross‐sectional and longitudinal impact of relevant biological factors – sex, age, APOE ε4 allele – on YKL‐40. Moreover, we explored the cross‐sectional and longitudinal association of YKL‐40 with: 1) global/regional brain amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition using Aβ‐positron emission tomography (PET) imaging; 2) synaptic loss, using [18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐PET ([18F]‐FDG‐PET); 3) neurodegeneration using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), i.e. hippocampal, entorhinal cortex, and basal forebrain volumes. We also sought for the potential association between YKL‐40 and the degree of cognitive performance. The study was performed in the INSIGHT‐preAD cohort (N=314, M=114, F=200, aged 70 to 85), a large observational monocentric French academic cohort (Pitié‐Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris) of individuals with subjective memory complaints (SMC), a condition at risk for AD. We used mixed models with interaction of YKL‐40 with time.ResultMen displayed higher YKL‐40 concentrations than women at each time point investigated (b=0.171, t=2.434, P=0.015). YKL‐40 presented an age‐associated increase at each time point investigated (b=0.029, t=3.004, P=0.003). YKL‐40 was negatively associated with baseline Aβ deposition, at both global (b=‐0.025, t=‐1.992, P=0.047) and regional level. Besides, one‐year increase of YKL‐40 concentration was positively associated with memory performance, longitudinally (b=0.308, z=2.280, P=0.023). YKL‐40 showed no effect on synaptic loss or neurodegeneration.ConclusionPlasma YKL‐40 concentrations present an age‐associated increase with men showing higher levels than women, irrespective of the time point, thus indicating a potential sexual dimorphism in neuroinflammation. Moreover, the association of higher YKL‐40 concentrations with lower overall/regional cross‐sectional Aβ deposition and higher memory scores over time indicates a non‐clinical detrimental/potential protective effect of glia activation on incipient brain amyloidosis and synaptic network homeostasis.
How gender and sex influence clinical trial recruitment in Alzheimer's disease: Findings from Fundació ACE Barcelona Alzheimer Treatment and Research Center
Authors: Abdelnour Carla , Valero Sergi , Rosende‐Roca Maitee , Lafuente Asuncion , Hernandez Isabel , Tartari Juan Pablo , Santuccione Antonella , Ferretti Maria Teresa , Maguire Peggy , Buendía Mar , Pancho Ana , Tarraga Lluis , Benaque Alba , Gurrutxaga Miren , Ruiz Agustín , Boada Mercè 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundFDA has made great efforts to promote inclusion of women in clinical trials. The aim is to protect specific biological gender and sex issues and encourage drug developers to consider specific clinical outcomes and drug‐safety profiles in terms of gender and sex. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects predominantly women, who double men in the number of patients diagnosed with dementia. Therefore, we explored gender and sex bias in the inclusion criteria for clinical trials in AD. Here our aim was to compare main inclusion criteria for clinical trials in MCI and dementia patients in terms of sex.MethodPatients evaluated at FACE from 1996 to 2019 with CDR 0,5 to 2 were analysed. Then, we used the main inclusion criteria for AD clinical trials to compare the sample in terms of sex and syndromic diagnosis. The chosen variables were age, sex, education, comorbidities, treatment and MMSE score. Logistic regression analysis accounting for age, years of education, MMSE, treatment and comorbidities was used.ResultFrom a total sample of 20,203 MCI and dementia patients, we selected potential candidates for clinical trials with complete information regarding age, age, years of education, MMSE, comorbidities and treatment. After adjusting for age, years of education, MMSE, comorbidities and treatment, in the dementia sample only age and years of education showed statistically significant differences. Whereas in the MCI sample: age, years of education, treatment and comorbidities showed statistically significant differences (Tables 1 and 2)ConclusionWomen with MCI and dementia are less likely to participate in a clinical trial due to older age and less years of education than men. Another factor that prevent women for participating in clinical trials is their comorbidities when compared to men, whereas men are excluded due to treatment criteria more often than women. These results show that there is a pre‐selection bias against women in AD clinical trials because of demographic characteristics. Therefore, participation of women in clinical trials does not reflect the prevalence of AD among women and is not representative of reality. Efforts should be made to provide equal opportunities to potential clinical trials candidates regardless of gender.
Aging and sex impact plasma NFL and t‐Tau trajectories in individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Baldacci Filippo , Lista Simone , Manca Maria Laura , Lemercier Pablo , Chiesa Patrizia Andrea , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Potier Marie‐Claude , Habert Marie‐Odile , Cavedo Enrica , Dubois Bruno , Vergallo Andrea , Hampel Harald 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeurofilament light (NFL) chain and total Tau (t‐Tau) proteins are established biomarkers of axonal degeneration. Increased plasma concentrations of both proteins are associated with worsening rate of cognitive performance, cerebral atrophy, and hypometabolism in prodromal and dementia phases of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Few studies explored, in cognitively healthy individuals, the potential influence of key biological factors – age, sex, Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele – on NFL and t‐Tau plasma concentrations as well as their association with comorbidities, brain amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, and cognitive scores.MethodThe ultrasensitive SiMoA platform was used to measure plasma NFL and t‐Tau concentrations at three time points (baseline: N=316; one‐ and three‐year follow‐up: N=79) in the INSIGHT‐preAD cohort, a large observational monocentric French academic cohort (Pitié‐Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris) of individuals with subjective memory complaints (SMC), a condition at risk for AD.ResultAge affected plasma NFL concentrations (P<0.001). Sex influenced plasma t‐Tau (P=0.003), with females showing a higher concentration increase than males, across the three time points. A significant effect of sex*age interaction was also reported (P=0.038). No effect of APOE ε4 was found on either NFL or t‐Tau. Plasma vitamin B12 deficiency was associated with increased t‐Tau concentrations. Plasma NFL significantly increased at one‐year (P=0.007) and three‐year (P<0.001) follow‐up versus baseline. Plasma t‐Tau significantly increased at three‐year follow‐up (P=0.004) versus baseline. Plasma NFL was associated with plasma t‐Tau (P=0.011) and cerebrospinal fluid NFL (P<0.001) concentrations, at baseline. Baseline plasma NFL was associated with increased Aβ deposition rate, at two‐year follow‐up, in the left posterior cingulate (P=0.019) and the bilateral inferior parietal gyri (P=0.013). Baseline plasma NFL and the rate of change of plasma t‐Tau were inversely associated with cognitive score (P=0.029 and P=0.015, respectively).ConclusionAge and female sex affect plasma NFL and t‐Tau longitudinal trajectories, respectively, in SMC individuals. Exploring the impact of biological variables on AD biomarkers is crucial for their clinical validation in blood. Moreover, there is a potential effect of plasma NFL concentrations on brain amyloid plaques deposition.