bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicological analysis of George’s marvellous medicine: literature review
Authors: Johnson Graham , Davies Patrick 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the therapeutic effects and toxicity of the eponymous concoction described in Roald Dahl’s bookGeorge’s Marvellous Medicine.DesignLiterature review.SettingTwo literature loving households in England.ParticipantsGeorge Kranky and grandma Kranky.Main outcome measuresClinical and toxic effects of the individual ingredients checked against those listed in ToxBase, the National Poisons Information Service’s poisons database.ResultsThe medicine contained 34 ingredients. The most common toxic effect identified on ToxBase was nausea and vomiting (16 ingredients, 47%). Potentially life threatening effects were associated with 13 (38%) ingredients, including depression of the central nervous system, kidney injury, convulsions, cardiac toxicity, and mucosal erosion. The effects described in the book were accurate initially but then diverted from the most likely clinical outcome (death).ConclusionsAlthough Dahl ought to be applauded for his initial accuracy about the toxicology of the ingredients in George’s marvellous medicine, the overall effect would be fatal catastrophic physiological collapse. Scientific exploration and experimentation should be encouraged in children, although any medicinal ingredients need to be checked for potential toxicity before being administered—to grandmas or anyone else.
Clinical findings in patellofemoral osteoarthritis compared to individually-matched controls: a pilot study
Authors: Macri Erin M , Crossley Kay M , Hart Harvi F , d’Entremont Agnes G , Forster Bruce B , Ratzlaff Charles R , Wilson David R , Khan Karim M 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo explore clinical characteristics in individuals with patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA) compared to individually-matched asymptomatic controls. We also explored associations between functional performance and patient-reported symptoms with patellofemoral alignment.MethodsWe assessed 15 individuals with PFOA and 15 individually-matched asymptomatic controls. In addition to physical examination and patient-reported questionnaires, we evaluated functional performance, lower extremity strength and range of motion, and patellar alignment (using MRI). We analysed group differences with Wilcoxon’s matched-pairs signed rank tests, and within-group associations with Spearman’s rank correlations.ResultsWe included 24 (80%) women with median (IQR) age of 56 (9) years and BMI of 22.8 (5.9) kg/m2. Individuals with PFOA reported lower quality of life (8/100 points lower EQ-5D-5L, p=0.02), and performed worse on two functional tests: repeated one-leg rises (median 16 fewer rises, p=0.04) and timed stair climb (1.2 s slower, p=0.03). There were no differences in strength tests performed or range of motion. Patellar proximal translation correlated with worse functional performance and worse patient-reported pain, function and self-efficacy, while lateral translation and lateral tilt correlated with worse knee-related quality of life (Spearman’s r ranging from 0.5 to 0.7).ConclusionFunctional performance was worse in individuals with PFOA, despite those individuals having no significant differences on lower extremity strength testing. Patellofemoral alignment was associated with worse functional performance as well as worse patient-reported outcomes, and it may represent one mechanism underpinning PFOA-related symptoms.
Light yield of cold undoped CsI crystal down to 13 keV and the application of such crystals in neutrino detection
Authors: Ding Keyu , Chernyak Dmitry , Liu Jing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe light yield of an undoped CsI crystal at about 77 Kelvin was measured to be $$33.5 \, \pm \, 0.7$$

33.5

±

0.7

photo-electrons (PE) per keV electron-equivalent (keVee) in the energy range of [13, 60] keVee using X and $$\gamma $$
γ
-rays from an $$^{241}$$

241

Am radioactive source. Based on this experimental result, the performance of 10 kg cryogenic inorganic scintillating crystals coupled to SiPM arrays to probe non-standard neutrino interactions through the detection of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scatterings at the spallation neutron source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, was examined in detail.
Spectrum and Incidence Trends of AIDS- and Non–AIDS-Defining Cancers between 2010 and 2015 in the French Dat'AIDS Cohort
Authors: Poizot-Martin Isabelle , Lions Caroline , Allavena Clotilde , Huleux Thomas , Bani-Sadr Firouze , Cheret Antoine , Rey David , Duvivier Claudine , Jacomet Christine , Ferry Tristan , Cabie André , Fresard Anne , Pugliese Pascal , Delobel Pierre , Lamaury Isabelle , Chirouze Catherine , Zaegel-Faucher Olivia , Brégigeon Sylvie , Rojas Rojas Teresa , Obry-Roguet Véronique , Makinson Alain 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background:
Cancer risk is higher in people living with HIV (PLWH) compared with the general population, and cancers related to age are expected to be most prevalent.

Methods:
We determined the spectrum and incidence rates of AIDS-defining cancers (ADC) and non–AIDS-defining cancers (NADC) and of lung, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), head and neck (HNC), colon–rectum, anal, liver, breast, prostate, and urinary bladder cancers between January 2010 and December 2015 in the French Dat'AIDS cohort. Incidence rates were calculated by year and compared using the χ2 test for linear trend. Standardized incidence ratios [SIR (95% confidence interval)] were calculated relative to the French general population.

Results:
Among 44,642 patients, corresponding to 180,216.4 person-years (PY), 1,440 cancer cases occurred in 1,314 patients. ADC incidence was 191.4 (172.3–212.7)/105 PY and declined over time overall and in men, whereas NADC incidence was higher [548.8 (515.6–584.1)/105 PY] and did not change. In men, non-Hodgkin lymphoma was the most common cancer, but prostate cancer had the highest incidence among NADCs. Breast cancer was the most common cancer in women. SIRs were higher for cervical cancer [1.93 (1.18–3.14)], HNC in women [2.4 (1.4–4.2)], liver [overall: 3.8 (3.1–4.6); men: 3.2 (2.5–4.0); women: 12.9 (8.3–20.0)], and HL [overall: 13.8 (11.1–17.1); men: 16.2 (12.9–20.4); women: 6.2 (3.22–11.9)] but lower for lung [overall: 0.7 (0.6–0.9); men: 0.7 (0.5–0.8)], prostate [0.6 (0.5–0.7)], and breast cancers [0.6 (0.4–0.7)].

Conclusions:
Spectrum of NADCs has changed, with prostate and breast cancers becoming the most common despite their lower SIR.

Impact:
These results confirm the need to maintain regular epidemiologic cancer monitoring in order to update screening guidelines.
Show Me the Money
Authors: Dickert Neal W. , Mitchell Andrea R. , Venechuk Grace E. , Matlock Daniel D. , Moore Miranda A. , Morris Alanna A. , Pierce Kenneth J. , Speight Candace D. , Allen Larry A. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Out-of-pocket medication costs for patients who have heart failure with reduced ejection fraction may be an important part of shared decision-making, but cost has generally been excluded from clinical discussions. This study reports patients’ perspectives on a decision aid for sacubitril/valsartan that explicitly addresses out-of-pocket costs.

Methods:
Structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction from 2 medical centers to elicit their views on a publicly available decision aid for sacubitril/valsartan that explicitly incorporates considerations related to out-of-pocket costs. Qualitative descriptive analysis was conducted.

Results:
Key themes identified were general enthusiasm for decision aids for medication decisions, openness on the part of patients to incorporation of cost into decision-making and the decision aid, requests for greater specificity regarding patient-specific cost, and challenges communicating evidence of benefit in a way that allows patients to make cost-benefit analyses for themselves. Patients also raised questions regarding logistical challenges of incorporating a decision aid into the normal clinical and decision-making workflow.

Conclusions:
Patients were receptive to the inclusion of out-of-pocket cost as relevant in a decision aid for sacubitril/valsartan. Key challenges to effective integration of cost in these decisions include developing mechanisms for acquiring reliable patient-specific cost estimates and addressing patients’ difficulties (and sometimes skepticism) applying trial evidence to their own situation. In addition, implementation strategies are important to develop to facilitate decision aid integration for routine medical decisions into clinic workflow.
Pharmacodynamic Comparison of Ticagrelor Monotherapy Versus Ticagrelor and Aspirin in Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The TEMPLATE (Ticagrelor Monotherapy and Platelet Reactivity) Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Johnson Thomas W. , Baos Sarah , Collett Laura , Hutchinson James L. , Nkau Martin , Molina Maria , Aungraheeta Riyaad , Reilly‐Stitt Christopher , Bowles Ruth , Reeves Barnaby C. , Rogers Chris A. , Mundell Stuart J , Baumbach Andreas , Mumford Andrew D. 
Published: December 2020

Background
To assess differences in platelet inhibition during ticagrelor monotherapy (TIC) or dual therapy with ticagrelor and aspirin (TIC+ASP) in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention using a comprehensive panel of functional tests.

Methods and Results

In a single‐center parallel group, open label, randomized controlled trial, 110 participants were randomized to receive either TIC (n=55) or TIC+ASP (n=55) for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the platelet aggregation response with 10 μmol/L thrombin receptor activation peptide‐6 (TRAP‐6). The secondary outcomes were platelet aggregation responses and binding of surface activation markers with a panel of other activators. The mean percentage aggregation for 10 μmol/L TRAP‐6 was similar for the TIC and TIC+ASP groups (mean difference+4.29; 95% CI, −0.87 to +9.46). Aggregation was higher in the TIC group compared with the TIC+ASP group with 1 μg/mL (+6.47; +2.04 to +10.90) and 0.5 μg/mL (+14.00; +7.63 to +20.39) collagen related peptide. Aggregation responses with 5 μmol/L TRAP‐6, 5 μmol/L or 2.5 μmol/L thromboxane A
2
receptor agonist and surface activation marker binding with 5 μmol/L TRAP‐6 or 0.5 μg/mL collagen related peptide were the same between the treatment groups.

Conclusions
Patients with PCI show similar levels of inhibition of most platelet activation pathways with TIC compared with dual therapy with TIC + ASP. However, the greater aggregation response with collagen related peptide during TIC indicates incomplete inhibition of glycoprotein VI (collagen) receptor‐mediated platelet activation. This difference in pharmacodynamic response to anti‐platelet medication may contribute to the lower bleeding rates observed with TIC compared with dual antiplatelet therapy in recent clinical trials.

Registration Information

URL:
https://www.isrctn.com
; Unique Identifier ISRCTN84335288.
An Emerging Social Ethics
Authors: Medina Néstor 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article proposes that a new pentecostal social ethic is emerging in the region. Examining recent developments of Pentecostalism in Latin America along with Latin American scholars, I will discuss, in thematic form, some of the recent developments affecting pentecostal movements in the region from revising its historical origins, celebrating its internal diversity, reconsidering political involvement, reclaiming the crucial role of women’s contributions, to developing a social ethics seeking to respond in relevant ways to the social issues confronted by the Latin American population. Though the influence of liberation theology is noticeable, these groups are drawing on the pentecostal experience to reinterpret their relationship with the larger social context and internally. Particular attention is given to the great internal diversity within pentecostal movements in Latin America
Signs of Contradiction: Understanding the Church, the Papacy, and the World around Us through a Textual Analysis of HBO’s The Young Pope
Authors: Kennedy Mary Catherine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper examines hbo’s The Young Pope through a cultural approach and ritual view to communication first developed by James W. Carey (2009). After a discussion of mediatization of society and its impacts on culture, the essay explores the deeper meanings The Young Pope conveys about self-discovery and the power of love through a textual analysis of the mythic structure of the hero’s journey (Campbell, 1949/2008; Kluckhohn, 1959) in order to understand how religious belief systems and media content paired together can offer a particular view of the world to those who ascribe to them. Ultimately, this paper serves as a piece of media criticism that suggests that television series like The Young Pope can operate as “sites of interpretive struggle” (Peterson, 2008, p. 119) for viewers as they draw conclusions about and question the world around them.
Polish Catholic Magazines and Bioethical Dilemmas: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Przybysz-Polakowska Kinga 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article presents a cad-based analysis of Polish Catholic newspaper discourse regarding bioethical dilemmas. The study corpus consists of materials published by four weekly magazines – Gość Niedzielny, Niedziela, Przewodnik Katolicki, and Tygodnik Powszechny – between 2005 and 2015. The author took into consideration articles that were fully devoted to abortion, in vitro fertilization, or euthanasia. The research methodology was based on critical discourse analysis and delivered both quantitative and qualitative results. The findings suggest that even though all magazines touched on bioethical dilemmas and conjured up similar topics, their discourses were different. It transpired that the key variable was the magazines’ affiliations. Titles directly connected to the Catholic Church (Gość Niedzielny, Niedziela, Przewodnik katolicki) produced different discourses than Tygodnik Powszechny, which has no official bonds with the Catholic Church. Given the structure of the discourses, the author suggests division into two categories: inward-oriented and outward-oriented.
Defining Ottoman Realism in the Uppsala Mecca Painting
Authors: Beyazıt Deniz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article analyzes a little-known painting of the sanctuary at Mecca in the Uppsala University Library, Sweden—one of the most sophisticated depictions of its kind. Datable to ca. 1700 and attributable to Cairo, the painting is among the earliest known depictions of the Holy Places in an illusionistic style with a bird’s-eye view, composed according to linear perspective. With minutely rendered details accompanied by more than seventy inscriptions, the work functions as an early map of Mecca. The Uppsala Mecca painting exemplifies the complexity of artistic exchange between Europe and the Ottoman world, which yielded highly original results. This discussion sheds light on the long, hybrid journey of Ottoman art towards realism, applied to a large-scale topographic landscape composition. The work marks a turning point in the history of Mecca painting and served as a model for European prints, through which the imagery spread all the way to East Asia. This study attempts to unravel the mysterious origins of the painting in the context of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Egypt and the power struggles to control Egypt, the Hijaz, and the Hajj.
Calouste Gulbenkian, His Mīnāʾī Ware, and the Changing Islamic Art Market in the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: Piran McClary Richard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article aims to provide a clearer understanding of the emerging market for Islamic art in the early decades of the twentieth century through a study of the changing purchasing habits of one European collector, Calouste Gulbenkian, and specifically his acquisition of mīnāʾī ware. Such an approach allows for a coherent, focused study that engages with the leading dealers, agents, and auction houses of the time. These were located primarily in Paris and, to lesser extent, New York and London, in the key period during which the Islamic art market became a major part of the broader art and antiquities business. The main focus is on the shift from buying newly excavated fragmentary material from Armenian dealers to purchasing seemingly complete, but heavily restored, bowls from established collections sold at the leading auction houses. Each of the pieces in Gulbenkian’s collection of mīnāʾī ware is examined in detail, and a new taxonomic classification is presented for this well known, but still poorly understood, class of Islamic ceramics.
Aux origines de la « frankokratia »
Authors: Grivaud Gilles , Nicolaou-Konnari Angel 
Published: December 2020

Résumé
La Grande Idée et la guerre de Crimée façonnent le cadre idéologique et politique dans lequel se déroule une prise de conscience de la période spécifique que constitue la « φραγκοκρατία ». En multipliant les parallèles entre les événements des années 1850 et ceux du XIIIe siècle, on entend démontrer que l’Occident ne comprend rien au monde grec, qui, en conséquence, doit le rejeter. Byzance obtient ainsi sa complète réhabilitation, entraînant par ricochet une virulente critique contre les « Francs », coupables de son renversement. Cette appréhension des rapports de force est amplifiée par Constantin Paparrigopoulos qui construit le roman national grec en proposant sa conception de l’hellénisme trimillénaire. Progressivement, l’hostilité à la « φραγκοκρατία » se diffuse, et devient un segment original de l’histoire médiévale grecque sous l’impulsion de Spyridon Lambros, au début du XXe siècle. (La première partie de l’étude figure dans Frankokratia 1 (2020), 3‑55.)
Comparing Growth Rates of Simulated Moist and Dry Convective Thermals
Authors: Morrison Hugh , Peters John M. , Sherwood Steven C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe spreading rates of convective thermals are linked to their net entrainment, and previous literature has suggested differences in spreading rates between moist and dry thermals. In this study, growth rates of idealized numerically simulated axisymmetric dry and moist convective thermals are directly compared. In an environment with dry-neutral stratification, the increase of thermal radius with height dR/dz is a larger by a factor of 1.7 for dry thermals relative to moist thermals. The fractional change in thermal volume ε is also greater for dry thermals within a distance of ~4 radii from the initial thermal height. Values of dR/dz are nearly constant with height for both moist and dry thermals consistent with classical theory based on dimensional analysis. The simulations are also consistent with theory relating impulse, circulation, and spreading rate for dry thermals proposed in previous papers and extended here to moist thermals, predicting they will spread less than dry thermals. Tests adding heating to dry thermals, either spread uniformly across the thermal volume or concentrated in the inner core, indicate that dR/dz and ε are smaller for moist thermals because latent heating is confined mostly to their cores. Additional axisymmetric moist simulations using modified lapse rates and large-eddy simulations support this analysis. Overall, these results indicate that slow spreading rates are a fundamental feature of moist thermals caused by latent heating that alters the spatial distribution of buoyancy within them relative to dry thermals.
Contribution of Ocean Physics and Dynamics at Different Scales to Heat Uptake in Low-Resolution AOGCMs
Authors: Saenko Oleg A. , Gregory Jonathan M. , Griffies Stephen M. , Couldrey Matthew P. , Dias Fabio Boeira 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUsing an ensemble of atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) in an idealized climate change experiment, this study quantifies the contributions to ocean heat uptake (OHU) from ocean physical parameterizations and resolved dynamical processes operating at different scales. Analysis of heat budget diagnostics reveals a leading-order global heat balance in the subsurface upper ocean in a steady state between the large-scale circulation warming it and mesoscale processes cooling it, and shows that there are positive contributions from processes on all scales to the subsurface OHU during climate change. There is better agreement among the AOGCMs in the net OHU than in the individual scales/processes contributing to it. In the upper ocean and at high latitudes, OHU is dominated by small-scale diapycnal processes. Below 400 m, OHU is dominated by the superresidual transport, representing large-scale ocean dynamics combined with all parameterized mesoscale and submesoscale eddy effects. Weakening of the AMOC leads to less heat convergence in the subpolar North Atlantic and less heat divergence at lower latitudes, with a small overall effect on the net Atlantic heat content. At low latitudes, the dominance of advective heat redistribution is contrary to the diffusive OHU mechanism assumed by the commonly used upwelling-diffusion model. Using a density water-mass framework, it is found that most of the OHU occurs along isopycnal directions. This feature of OHU is used to accurately reconstruct the global vertical ocean warming profile from the surface heat flux anomalies, supporting advective (rather than diffusive) models of OHU and sea level rise.
Management of Bilaterally Impacted Labial and Palatal Maxillary Canines With One-Year Follow-Up: A Case Report
Authors: Kohli Sarvraj S , Singh Kohli Virinder 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Management of impacted maxillary canines is considered to be complex and challenging task by orthodontists due to the varied biomechanical considerations involved. Objective: This article describes an effective and efficient treatment modality for de-impaction of bilaterally impacted labial and palatal canines. Case Report: A female patient aged 13 years and 5 months presented with the following complaints: absence of tooth numbers 13 and 23, crowding in the upper and lower anterior dental units, and over-retained tooth numbers 53 and 63 with a non-consonant smile arc. Results: Arch development was done to create space for tooth numbers 13 and 23, as well as to relieve crowding. The impacted canines were surgically exposed, and guided traction was employed to place them in their ideal position. A class I canine and premolar relation was established. The smile aesthetics were also improved. The result remained stable 12 months after the end of treatment. The improvement can be quantified by the reduction in scores of orthodontic indices measured pretreatment and posttreatment. Conclusion: Modifications in continuous arch mechanics can be reliably used in the management of impacted canines and arch development.