bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing contingency fire containment strategies using simulated random scenarios
Authors: Wei Yu , Thompson Matthew P. , Belval Erin , Gannon Benjamin , Calkin David E. , O'Connor Christopher D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractContingency firelines can be used to back up primary lines to increase probability of fire containment, decrease fire losses, and improve firefighter safety. In this study, we classify firelines into primary, contingency, and response lines. We design a modeling process to iteratively implement a mixed integer programming model to evaluate contingency strategies under randomly generated fireline breaching scenarios. Our objectives include: (1) gaining conceptual understanding of the effectiveness of using contingency containers in a fireline network, and (2) suggesting future data collection and model improvement directions to support contingency strategy planning. We evaluate the effectiveness of several model generated containment strategies: only responding to observed primary line breaches, being proactive by implementing a system‐level contingency plan, or constructing contingency lines to back up a proportion of a primary container. Data from the Ferguson Fire in California are used to derive a set of hypothetical test cases with different fireline breaching risks to support sensitivity analysis. For comparison, we also test a contingency plan inspired by the Ferguson Fire operation. Analyses suggest that a contingency plan will provide the greatest benefit when fireline breaching risk is high. This study also suggests there are significant data and knowledge gaps that must be addressed to make the model suitable for operational use.Recommendations for Resource ManagersSystems analysis can help evaluate contingency containment plans.A contingency plan will provide the greatest benefit when fireline breaching risk is high.It is often efficient to strategically locate contingency lines to back up primary lines with high breaching probabilities.A good contingency plan may help lower fire loss and save suppression effort under many fireline breaching scenarios.Data collection and synchronization are important in supporting future advances in fire containment decisions.
A cycle‐jumping method for multicyclic Hubbert modeling of resource production
Authors: Tunnell Bolorchimeg N. , Conder James A. , Anderson Ken B. , Locmelis Marek 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe amount of ultimately recoverable resources and/or timing of peak production have been the central purpose of numerous studies. One broadly applied method is Hubbert modeling, subsequently extended as multicyclic Hubbert modeling. This paper explores a modification to conventional multicyclic Hubbert modeling that we term “cycle‐jumping” wherein the overlap of multiple curves is limited and explicitly accounted for. The model is designed in a way that each curve is described by the same three parameters as a multicyclic Hubbert model, and every two curves are connected through an explicit transition. The transition width indicates the time of the shift from one curve to the next and is controlled by a weighting parameter for the respective curves. Cycle‐jumping provides a superior data fit compared to the conventional cycle‐addition model and, more important, reflects historical production data more realistically as socioeconomic and political factors important to resource production vary in time.Recommendations for Resource ManagersConventional multicyclic Hubbert modeling poorly reflects transitions in production trends.Cycle‐jumping with a finite transition period practically and mathematically provides a superior model for historical resource production by limiting the overlap of multiple curves.Cycle‐jumping with a finite transition period reflects more realistically the production profile affected by external factors including capturing inherent asymmetry in different cycles.
One step closer to influenza vaccine inclusiveness
Authors: Sgrulletti Mayla , Ottaviano Giorgio , Sangerardi Maria , Chini Loredana , Dellepiane Rosa Maria , Martire Baldassarre , Montin Davide , Rizzo Caterina , Moschese Viviana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFlu virus infection is a common cause of acute respiratory illness, with the major incidence in pediatric age, high morbidity, and mortality. The flu vaccine is recommended for all people aged ≥6 months, unless specific contraindications are present. Younger and older age, pregnancy, chronic diseases like asthma, and immunodeficiency are risk factors for severe complications following flu infection. Thus, these categories represent the target for flu vaccine strategies in most countries. Inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV), recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV) or live‐attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) are currently available, with specific precautions and contraindications. We aim to resume the current indications for vaccines in the vulnerable populations to support flu vaccination inclusiveness, in anticipation of a “universal vaccine” strategy.
Autoimmune diseases associated with common variable immune deficiency
Authors: Lenti Marco Vincenzo , Savioli Jessica , Achilli Giovanna , Di Sabatino Antonio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCommon variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most prevalent primary immune deficiency, affecting roughly 2‐4/100 000 individuals in the general population. The etiology is currently unknown, even if several genetic mutations have been described, and no single clinical feature or single laboratory test can establish the diagnosis, which is based on multiple criteria. CVID is characterized by B‐ and T‐cell dysfunction that predisposes to an increased risk of infections, with the typical involvement of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Besides this well‐established complication, though the coexistence of immunodeficiency and autoimmunity appears paradoxical, two‐thirds of CVID patients present concomitant autoimmune disorders. Of note, autoimmunity can often be the only clinical manifestation of CVID at the time of diagnosis. The most common autoimmune disorders associated with CVID are autoimmune cytopenias, that is, immune thrombocytopenic purpura and autoimmune hemolytic anemia, either as separate entities or as concurrently (Evans syndrome). CVID patients can also manifest rheumatologic diseases (eg, arthritis, Sjogren's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, Behçet's syndrome) and gastrointestinal autoimmune disorders (eg, ulcerative colitis, autoimmune atrophic gastritis, celiac disease). This latter may pose a particular diagnostic challenge, as celiac‐specific autoantibodies can be absent in CVID patients. Understanding the molecular basis and the clinical impact of autoimmunity in CVID patients might help manage CVID, thus reducing its diagnostic delay and preventing its complications.
Type‐2 inflammatory mediators as targets for precision medicine in children
Authors: Castagnoli Riccardo , Licari Amelia , Manti Sara , Chiappini Elena , Marseglia Gian Luigi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe prevalence, heterogeneity, and severity of type 2 inflammatory diseases, including asthma and atopic dermatitis, continue to rise, especially in children and adolescents. Type 2 inflammation is mediated by both innate and adaptive immune cells and sustained by a specific subset of cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5,IL‐13, and IgE. IL‐4 and IL‐13 are considered signature type 2 cytokines, as they both have a pivotal role in many of the pathobiologic changes featured in asthma and atopic dermatitis. Several biologics targeting IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13, as well as IgE, have been proposed to treat severe allergic disease in the pediatric population with promising results. A better definition of type 2 inflammatory pathways is essential to implement targeted therapeutic strategies.
Hypersensitivity reactions to proton pump inhibitors in childhood
Authors: Mori Francesca , Franceschini Fabrizio , Saretta Francesca , Bianchi Annamaria , Bottau Paolo , Caimmi Silvia , Crisafulli Giuseppe , Liotti Lucia , Paglialunga Claudia , Caffarelli Carlo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHypersensitivity reactions (HRs) to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are mainly described in adults. Anyway, increased use of PPIs in childhood has been observed in recent years. In the literature, only case reports are published on children. Most of the PPI HRs are IgE‐mediated. Skin test concentrations and allergy workup protocols used for adults are also applied in children. This study underlies that multicentric pediatric studies focusing on PPI reactions in children are needed.
Protecting youth from the vaping epidemic
Authors: Galderisi Alfonso , Ferraro Valentina Agnese , Caserotti Marta , Quareni Luca , Perilongo Giorgio , Baraldi Eugenio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractE‐cigarettes (e‐cigs) have been initially proposed as an aid to smoke cessation in adults, whereas they turned into a paradoxical preferential gateway to tobacco and nicotine initiation for adolescents naïve to tobacco. More than 25% of US school‐age students is an e‐cigs user with a steep rise over the past years. A marketing strategy on media and social network targeting youths, in the absence of rules to protect the pediatric users, resulted in an unprecedented trend up in tobacco consumption among adolescents and gave rise to a new generation of nicotine‐addicted teenagers. Flavored e‐cigs liquids and aerosols contain airway irritants and toxicants, that, in turn, produced an increase in asthma prevalence and its exacerbations among adolescents. In addition, since August 2019 an outbreak of e‐cigarette, or vaping, product use‐associated lung injury (EVALI) has been described. In view of this, e‐cigs must no longer be considered harmless, especially in adolescents never used a tobacco product before. This is a call‐for‐action to establish effective rules and campaigns targeting youths aimed to limit their access to e‐cigs, thereby preserving the potential benefit in quitting tobacco addiction described in adults. Behavioral and educational actions, out of the conventional primary care setting, have been described as a model for a youth‐centered campaign. We call for stricter regulations on e‐cigs products, with respect to their marketing to the youngest ones, along with public health and primary care interventions that could curb the spread of this “vaping” epidemic.
The evolution of allergen‐specific immunotherapy: The near and far future
Authors: Pajno Giovanni Battista , Passanisi Stefano , Valenzise Mariella , Messina Maria Francesca , Lombardo Fortunato 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the era of precision medicine, allergen immunotherapy (AIT) represents a landmark for the management of IgE‐mediated allergic diseases. AIT is recognized as a potentially curative therapy and is currently accepted and routinely prescribed worldwide. However, there are still unmet needs. The efforts of researchers are aimed at implementing current immunotherapeutic strategies to improve the standard care of patients suffering from IgE‐mediated respiratory allergic diseases. In addition, over the horizon, the most realistic option is the active treatment of IgE‐mediated food allergy with oral immunotherapy. Preclinical studies and clinical trials are increasingly conducted to identify innovative forms of AIT administration, potential biomarkers, alternative immunotherapeutic allergen candidates, and new adjuvants. Telemedicine could represent a further emerging field capable of supporting health service delivery and improving clinical outcomes of AIT.
HMGB1: A pleiotropic activity
Authors: Colavita Laura , Ciprandi Giorgio , Salpietro Annamaria , Cuppari Caterina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein involved in DNA replication, transcription, recombination, and repair. In the extracellular space, the HMGB1 plays an essential role in the onset and perpetuation of inflammation, belonging to the group of damage‐associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules, also called alarmins. For this, HMGB1 has been studied in several acute and chronic inflammatory diseases as an early biomarker of inflammation. An increased concentration of HMGB1 has been detected in serum, as the expression of systemic inflammation, and in specific samples (such as stool, synovial fluid, nasal lavage fluid, sputum, and cerebrospinal fluid), as the expression of local production, in several infectious and/or inflammatory diseases. These data are particularly important because they open new futuristic possibilities for target therapies, potentially also for the COVID‐19 treatment.
COVID‐19 and allergy: How to take care of allergic patients during a pandemic?
Authors: Cianferoni Antonella , Votto Martina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), also known as COVID‐19, is a new strain of coronavirus that has not been previously identified in humans. SARS‐CoV‐2 is recognized as a highly contagious respiratory virus with severe morbidity and mortality, especially in vulnerable populations. Being a novel disease, everyone is susceptible, there are no vaccine and no treatment. To contain the spread of the disease, health authorities throughout the world have restricted the social interactions of individuals in various degrees. Allergists, like other physicians, are faced with the challenge of providing care for their patients, while protecting themselves and patients from getting infected, with strategies that are in continuous evolution as states work through the different stages of social distance. Allergist provides care for patients with the most common non‐communicable disease in the world: asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, venom allergy, drug allergy atopic dermatitis, and urticarial syndromes. Some of these diseases are not only considered risk factors for severe reactions but also have symptoms such as cough and sneezing that are in differential diagnosis with COVID‐19. As we move forward, allergy symptoms may prevent patients from working, go to school, or access medical services that increasingly are allowing only asymptomatic individuals. In this review, we will outline how to take care safety of different allergic patients during the pandemic.
Allergen immunotherapy in atopic dermatitis: Light and shadow in children
Authors: Caminiti Lucia , Panasiti Ilenia , Landi Massimo , De Filippo Maria , Olcese Roberta , Ciprandi Giorgio , Vernich Mario , Carelli Francesco , Votto Martina , Barberi Salvatore 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic remitting‐relapsing inflammatory skin disorder. Due to the multifactorial pathogenesis, there are numerous therapeutic management approaches, mainly based on symptomatic treatments. In recent years, allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has been progressively advanced as targeted disease‐modifying treatment of allergic disease. The most recent guideline from the American Academy of Dermatology concludes that data available do not support its use in AD. The Joint Task Force and The European Academy of Dermatology suggest that clinicians can consider AIT treatment in selected patients characterized by aeroallergen sensitization, prevalently HDM, severe AD, and clinical exacerbation after exposure to the causative allergen. Nevertheless, its role in AD is still under debate, especially in children.
Comparative effects of ascobin and glutathione on copper homeostasis and oxidative stress metabolism in mitigation of copper toxicity in rice
Authors: Tahjib‐Ul‐Arif M. , Sohag A. A. M. , Mostofa M. G. , Polash M. A. S. , Mahamud A. G. M. S. U. , Afrin S. , Hossain M. A. , Hossain M. A. , Murata Y. , Tran L.‐S. P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Copper (Cu) pollution of agricultural land is a major threat to crop production. Exogenous chemical treatment is an easily accessible and rapid approach to remediate metal toxicity, including Cu toxicity in plants.

We compared the effects of ascobin (ASC; ascorbic acid:citric acid at 2:1) and glutathione (GSH) in mitigation of Cu toxicity in rice.

Plants subjected to Cu stress displayed growth inhibition and biomass reduction, which were connected to reduced levels of chlorophylls, RWC, total phenolic compounds, carotenoids and Mg2+. Increased accumulation of ROS and malondialdehyde indicated oxidative stress in Cu‐stressed plants. However, application of ASC or GSH minimized the inhibitory effects of Cu stress on rice plants by restricting Cu2+ uptake and improving mineral balance, chlorophyll content and RWC. Both ASC and GSH pretreatments reduced levels of ROS and malondialdehyde and improved activities of antioxidant enzymes, suggesting their roles in alleviating oxidative damage. A comparison on the effects of ASC and GSH under Cu stress revealed that ASC was more effective in restricting Cu2+ accumulation (69.5% by ASC and 57.1% by GSH), Ca2+ and Mg2+ homeostasis, protection of photosynthetic pigments and activation of antioxidant defence mechanisms [catalase (110.4%), ascorbate peroxidase (76.5%) and guaiacol peroxidase (39.0%) by ASC, and catalase (58.9%) and ascorbate peroxidase (59.9%) by GSH] in rice than GSH, eventually resulting in better protection of ASC‐pretreated plants against Cu stress.

In conclusion, although ASC and GSH differed in induction of stress protective mechanisms, both were effective in improving rice performance in response to Cu phytotoxicity.
The afterglow photosynthetic luminescence
Authors: Ortega José M. , Roncel Mercedes 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe afterglow (AG) photosynthetic luminescence is a long‐lived chlorophyll fluorescence emitted from PSII after the illumination of photosynthetic materials by FR or white light and placed in darkness. The AG emission corresponds to the fraction of PSII centers in the S2/3QB non‐radiative state immediately after pre‐illumination, in which the arrival of an electron transferred from stroma along cyclic/chlororespiratory pathway(s) produces the S2/3QB− radiative state that emits luminescence. This emission can be optimally recorded by a linear temperature gradient as sharp thermoluminescence (TL) band peaking at about 45°C. The AG emission recorded by TL technique has been proposed as a simple non‐invasive tool to investigate the chloroplast energetic state and some of its metabolism processes as cyclic transport of electrons around PSI, chlororespiration or photorespiration. On the other hand, this emission has demonstrated to be a useful probe to study the effect of various stress conditions in photosynthetic materials.
A Bayesian Approach for Determining Player Abilities in Football
Authors: Whitaker Gavin A. , Silva Ricardo , Edwards Daniel , Kosmidis Ioannis 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We consider the task of determining a football player’s ability for a given event type, for example, scoring a goal. We propose an interpretable Bayesian model which is fit using variational inference methods. We implement a Poisson model to capture occurrences of event types, from which we infer player abilities. Our approach also allows the visualisation of differences between players, for a specific ability, through the marginal posterior variational densities. We then use these inferred player abilities to extend the Bayesian hierarchical model of Baio and Blangiardo (2010, Journal of Applied Statistics, 37(2), 253–264) which captures a team’s scoring rate (the rate at which they score goals). We apply the resulting scheme to the English Premier League, capturing player abilities over the 2013/2014 season, before using output from the hierarchical model to predict whether over or under 2.5 goals will be scored in a given game in the 2014/2015 season. This validates our model as a way of providing insights into team formation and the individual success of sports teams.
Optimization of spectral pre‐processing for estimating soil condition on small farms
Authors: Singh Kanika , Aitkenhead Matt , Fidelis Chris , Yinil David , Sanderson Todd , Snoeck Didier , Field Damien J 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe concepts of soil security (especially relating to soil condition) provide a useful framework in building spectral libraries. Spectral libraries can be used with the purpose of assessing soil condition by measuring soil organic carbon (SOC) or increasing productivity through soil nutrient management. A spectral library was generated by measuring SOC and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium) and spectral reflectance data over the visible to near‐infrared range (350–2,500 nm) in soil samples collected from four production systems in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The spectral library was analysed using SpecOptim, a software tool developed at the James Hutton Institute to explore spectral pre‐processing and calibration options. From 192 model combinations of model, the best one was identified for each study area. Different combinations of data were also explored (e.g. by farm or all together). We believe that at the local‐scale, soil carbon and nitrogen variability can be captured; however, the spectrally inactive properties such as phosphorous and potassium need to have a higher variability and therefore pooling is required in order to predict properties chemometrically. The SpecOptim software is a useful tool where analysis of spectral data can be difficult to determine. Specifically, it helped improve the accuracy of predictions by 2% for C and N (except for East New Britain site) compared with previously used pre‐processing techniques and calibration models while automating identification of the optimal pre‐processing approach. We believe that we have developed research‐based evidence for using spectral libraries to fit with the soil priority areas of PNG.
Kaposi sarcoma in a child after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Should pre‐transplant HHV‐8 screening be considered in recipients from high prevalence areas?
Authors: Valero‐Arrese Lorena , Benítez‐Carabante María Isabel , Soques Vallejo Elena , Roca Isabel , Navarro Jiménez Alexandra , Díaz‐de‐Heredia Cristina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractKaposi sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative disease associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8). We report the case of a 10‐year‐old male from a high HHV‐8 prevalence area, diagnosed with severe aplastic anemia who underwent an upfront hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Five months after transplant, the patient was diagnosed with KS with skin, mucosae, lymph nodes and lung involvement. After withdrawal of immunosuppression the patient achieved complete remission without requiring further treatments. KS may occur after HSCT in patients from high HHV‐8 prevalence areas. Considering that, we propose that screening of HHV‐8 by antibody testing could be considered in HSCT donors/recipients from these areas.