bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Risk Calculator Predict Outcomes for Urgent Colectomies?
Authors: Ziegler Matthew A. , Bauman John C. , Welsh Robert J. , Wasvary Harry J. 
Published: December 2020

Background The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) Risk Calculator (RC) predicts postoperative outcomes using 19 risk factors, including operative acuity. Acuity is defined by the calculator as emergent or elective only. The objective of this study is to evaluate the RC’s accuracy in urgent (nonelective/nonemergent) cases. Methods This is a retrospective review of the NSQIP data for patients who underwent urgent colectomies at a single tertiary care center over a 4-year period. Each urgent case was entered into the RC as both elective and emergent, and predicted outcomes were compared to actual postoperative outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used when sufficient statistical power was present and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Results A total of 301 urgent colectomy patients were evaluated, representing 19% of all colectomies performed at our institution during the study period. Of the 15 possible postoperative outcomes, the RC showed high predictive value only for mortality (AUC elective .8467; emergent .8451) and discharge to a nursing/rehabilitation facility (AUC elective .8089; emergent .8105). The RC showed no predictive value for 6 outcomes and the remainder lacked statistical power to draw conclusions. Discussion While the calculator predicted mortality and discharge to a nursing/rehabilitation facility, it did not accurately predict complications for urgent colectomies. Future versions of the calculator should focus on improving the predictive value by including urgent cases as a separate category.
Cigarette, E-cigarette, Alcohol, and Marijuana Use by Cancer Diagnosis Status: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Azagba Sunday , Shan Lingpeng , Manzione Lauren 
Published: December 2020

Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Lifestyle choices such as substance abuse can impact a survivor’s health and overall quality of life. Methods: We used longitudinal data from the Wave 1-3 Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health data to examine sociodemographic characteristics and substance use behaviors (current cigarette, e-cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use) by cancer diagnosis status. A generalized estimating equation model was used to examine the population-averaged effects of sociodemographic factors on substance use. Results: Among 1527 participants diagnosed with cancer, 14.5% used cigarettes, 3.8% used e-cigarettes, 49.1% used alcohol, and 4.2% used marijuana in the prior 30 days in Wave 1. While the prevalence of cigarette use among those with no cancer history decreased significantly between Wave 1 (21.9%) and Wave 3 (20.2%), it increased significantly among participants diagnosed with cancer from 14.5% to 16.0%. E-cigarette use decreased for both groups, whereas alcohol and marijuana use increased. Results showed that substance use among people diagnosed with cancer significantly varied by sociodemographic characteristics. Age, sex, race-ethnicity, education, income, and region of residence were significantly associated with substance use among patients diagnosed with cancer. Conclusion: Overall, substance use is lower among participants diagnosed with cancer than those with no cancer history. Substance use varies by sociodemographic characteristics among people diagnosed with cancer. More focus on substance use prevention among patients diagnosed with cancer could be beneficial in terms of improving the overall well-being of this population.
Efficiency of magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosing unstable ligament injuries around the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint: A comparison to arthroscopy
Authors: Shin Yong-Eun , Kim Sung-Joon , Kim Jeong-Sang , Kwak Kwon-Young , Kim Ji-Hyo , Kim Jong-Pil 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the accuracy of MRI in identifying ulnar collateral ligament (UCL), radial collateral ligament (RCL), and volar plate (VP) injuries of the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) of the thumb by comparing with diagnostic arthroscopy. Methods: A total of 56 consecutive patients (56 thumbs) who underwent arthroscopy of MCPJ of thumb were enrolled. MRI findings reviewed by consensus reading of two blinded radiologists were compared with arthroscopic examination. Statistical data, including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, were analyzed. Additionally, the performance characteristics between 3.0-tesla (39 thumbs) and 1.5-tesla (17 thumbs) MRI and acute (≤4 weeks after injury) and chronic (>4 weeks) injuries were compared. Results: Of the 56 thumbs, 38 thumbs (67.9%) showed complete correspondence between MRI and arthroscopic findings. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI for detecting UCL injuries were 78.8%, 87.0%, and 82.1%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI for detecting RCL injuries were 85.7%, 91.4%, and 85.7%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI for detecting VP injuries were 89.5%, 89.2%, and 81.0%, respectively. 3.0-tesla MRI showed higher correspondence with arthroscopic observation (76.9%) than 1.5-tesla MRI (47.1%) (p = 0.028). For acute injuries, 78.4% showed complete correspondence between MRI and arthroscopic findings, whereas 47.4% with chronic injuries revealed complete agreement (p = 0.019). Conclusion: Overall, MRI is moderately effective in evaluating ligamentous lesions around MCPJ of thumb, but MRI is more sensitive in diagnosing acute injuries. Furthermore, 3.0-tesla MRI can provide results with better accuracy for diagnosing ligamentous lesions around MCPJ of thumb. However, the sensitivity and the specificity are not applicable to all ligament injuries, but only the severe one which would agree for surgical options.
Retrospective Review and Proof of Concept of Asia’s First Mobile Stroke Unit Experience in Kovai Medical Center and Hospital
Authors: Cherian Mathew , Mehta Pankaj , Varadharajan Shriram , Poyyamozhi Santosh , Swamiappan Elango , Gandhi Jenny , Theckumparampil Nithin 
Published: December 2020

Background: We review our initial experience of India’s and Asia’s first mobile stroke unit (MSU) following the completion of its first year of operation. We outline the clinical care pathway integrating the MSU services using a case example taking readers along our clinical care workflow while highlighting the challenges faced in organizing and optimizing such services in India. Methods: Retrospective review of data collected for all patients from March 2018 to February 2019 transported and treated within the MSU during the first year of its operation. Recent case example is reviewed highlighting complete comprehensive acute clinical care pathway from prehospital MSU services to advanced endovascular treatment with focus on challenges faced in developing nation for stroke care. Results: The MSU was dispatched and utilized for 14 patients with clinical symptoms of acute stroke. These patients were predominantly males (64%) with median age of 59 years. Ischemic stroke was seen in 7 patients, hemorrhagic in 6, and 1 patient was classified as stroke mimic. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator was administered to 3 patients within MSU. Most of the patients’ treatment was initiated within 2 h of symptom onset and with the median time of patient contact (rendezvous) following stroke being 55 mins. Conclusion: Retrospective review of Asia’s first MSU reveals its proof of concept in India. Although the number of patients availing treatment in MSU is low as compared to elsewhere in the world, increased public awareness with active government support including subsidizing treatment costs could accelerate development of optimal prehospital acute stroke care policy in India.
Family Business in India: Performance, Challenges and Improvement Measures
Authors: Chahal Himani , Sharma Anil K. 
Published: December 2020

Existing literature on family businesses brings out their significance globally. The prevalence of family businesses is a phenomenon that is universal and found in most countries worldwide, although their relative impact on economies does vary. This article reviews papers in the accounting and finance literature on family businesses around the world and shows that the involvement of family members in the business may have a positive, negative or no impact on its financial performance. In the Indian context, the literature review indicates that India’s rich and ancient history seems to be interrelated with the family-run businesses as the principal means of business organization. The paper gives a glimpse of the status of family businesses in India since independence and the distinct characteristics of Indian family businesses. In the next section, we try to find out how family firms are performing in India in comparison to non-family firms by studying companies listed in the National Stock Exchange of India Ltd. (NSE) 500 Index for a period of 5 years ranging from 2014 to 2018. The results show that family businesses are not performing significantly better than non-family firms in the Indian business scenario. We try to highlight the reasons for the same by underlining the issues faced by family businesses and suggest measures to overcome these issues. The study concludes with a discussion on the lessons that new family business ventures can take from family business groups in India that have made a mark in the Indian and the world business scenario because of their ability to face and successfully overcome challenges faced by family firms.
Prediction of hot spot areas of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Hunan Province based on an information quantity model and logistical regression model
Authors: Chen Zixi , Liu Fuqiang , Li Bin , Peng Xiaoqing , Fan Lin , Luo Aijing 
Published: December 2020

Background
China’s “13th 5-Year Plan” (2016–2020) for the prevention and control of sudden acute infectious diseases emphasizes that epidemic monitoring and epidemic focus surveys in key areas are crucial for strengthening national epidemic prevention and building control capacity. Establishing an epidemic hot spot areas and prediction model is an effective means of accurate epidemic monitoring and surveying. Objective: This study predicted hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) epidemic hot spot areas, based on multi-source environmental variable factors. We calculated the contribution weight of each environmental factor to the morbidity risk, obtained the spatial probability distribution of HFRS risk areas within the study region, and detected and extracted epidemic hot spots, to guide accurate epidemic monitoring as well as prevention and control. Methods: We collected spatial HFRS data, as well as data on various types of natural and human social activity environments in Hunan Province from 2010 to 2014. Using the information quantity method and logistic regression modeling, we constructed a risk-area-prediction model reflecting the epidemic intensity and spatial distribution of HFRS. Results: The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of training samples and test samples were 0.840 and 0.816. From 2015 to 2019, HRFS case site verification showed that more than 82% of the cases occurred in high-risk areas.

Discussion
This research method could accurately predict HFRS hot spot areas and provided an evaluation model for Hunan Province. Therefore, this method could accurately detect HFRS epidemic high-risk areas, and effectively guide epidemic monitoring and surveyance.
Recent advancements in liposome-based strategies for effective drug delivery to the brain
Authors: Zaman Parvin , Penson Peter E. , Barreto George E. , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: December 2020

:
Disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) and tumors of the brain are challenging to treat, and they rank amongst the most
common causes of death worldwide. The delivery of drugs to the brain is problematic because the blood-brain barrier (BBB)
effectively arrests the transport of large molecules (including drugs) from the blood to the CNS. Nanoparticle (NP)-mediated
drug delivery has received much interest as a technique to overcome this difficulty. In particular, liposome NPs are promising
candidates to carry and deliver drugs across the BBB and into the CNS. Liposomes are easy to prepare, highly biodegradable
and biocompatible. Liposomes can be easily modified with various ligands to enable efficient and targeted drug delivery.
Liposomes can promote increased cellular uptake of drugs and can reduce the extent to which efflux transporters can remove
drugs. Liposomes can be loaded with a wide range of drugs and biologically active substances. In this review, we will
summarize recent advances in research relating to liposome-based strategies to enable drug delivery across the BBB.
Woody Goldenrod, Chrysoma pauciflosculosa
Authors: Miller Debbie , Thetford Mack , Verlinde Chris , Campbell Gabriel , Smith Ashlynn 
Published: December 2020

Woody goldenrod is found in beach dunes, scrub, and sandhill plant communities. It occurs in the Panhandle ofFlorida and more broadly in the southeastern United States west to Mississippi and northeast to North Carolina. This plant may leach chemicals into the soil that inhibit seed germination of gulf bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium var. scoparium) (Fischer et al. 1994). Woody goldenrod is an underused landscape plant with a prolific fall color from flowers that attract numerous pollinators.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/sg165
Note: This fact sheet is also available as a chapter in a comprehensive manual titled Dune Restoration and Enhancement for the Florida Panhandle, Please see the manual for more information about other useful and attractive native plants for dunes and for further information about restoration and preservation techniques.
Proxenia
Authors: Cojocaru Victor 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe titleproxenosderives from the wordxenos. It designates a person who represented the interests of a foreign state in his own community. The earliest attestation ofproxeniadates to the early sixth centurybce, but the institution become widely established only since the last third of the fifth century. With the expansion of Roman authority in the eastern Mediterranean,proxeniawas complemented in time by a network of Rome's foreignamici. The institution survived – partly as an expression of a certain grade of external autonomy – until the second centuryce, if only at Chersonesos Taurike.
Low‐Dimensional Metal Halide Perovskite Photodetectors
Authors: Wang Hsin‐Ping , Li Siyuan , Liu Xinya , Shi Zhifeng , Fang Xiaosheng , He Jr‐Hau 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMetal halide perovskites (MHPs) have been a hot research topic due to their facile synthesis, excellent optical and optoelectronic properties, and record‐breaking efficiency of corresponding optoelectronic devices. Nowadays, the development of miniaturized high‐performance photodetectors (PDs) has been fueling the demand for novel photoactive materials, among which low‐dimensional MHPs have attracted burgeoning research interest. In this report, the synthesis, properties, photodetection performance, and stability of low‐dimensional MHPs, including 0D, 1D, 2D layered and nonlayered nanostructures, as well as their heterostructures are reviewed. Recent advances in the synthesis approaches of low‐dimensional MHPs are summarized and the key concepts for understanding the optical and optoelectronic properties related to the PD applications of low‐dimensional MHPs are introduced. More importantly, recent progress in novel PDs based on low‐dimensional MHPs is presented, and strategies for improving the performance and stability of perovskite PDs are highlighted. By discussing recent advances, strategies, and existing challenges, this progress report provides perspectives on low‐dimensional MHP‐based PDs in the future.
Quantum Rescaling, Domain Metastability, and Hybrid Domain‐Walls in 2D CrI3 Magnets
Authors: Wahab Dina Abdul , Augustin Mathias , Valero Samuel Manas , Kuang Wenjun , Jenkins Sarah , Coronado Eugenio , Grigorieva Irina V. , Vera‐Marun Ivan J. , Navarro‐Moratalla Efrén , Evans Richard F. L. , Novoselov Kostya S. , Santos Elton J. G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHigher‐order exchange interactions and quantum effects are widely known to play an important role in describing the properties of low‐dimensional magnetic compounds. Here, the recently discovered 2D van der Waals (vdW) CrI3 is identified as a quantum non‐Heisenberg material with properties far beyond an Ising magnet as initially assumed. It is found that biquadratic exchange interactions are essential to quantitatively describe the magnetism of CrI3 but quantum rescaling corrections are required to reproduce its thermal properties. The quantum nature of the heat bath represented by discrete electron–spin and phonon–spin scattering processes induces the formation of spin fluctuations in the low‐temperature regime. These fluctuations induce the formation of metastable magnetic domains evolving into a single macroscopic magnetization or even a monodomain over surface areas of a few micrometers. Such domains display hybrid characteristics of Néel and Bloch types with a narrow domain wall width in the range of 3–5 nm. Similar behavior is expected for the majority of 2D vdW magnets where higher‐order exchange interactions are appreciable.
Enhanced Antitumoral Activity and Photoacoustic Imaging Properties of AuNP‐Enriched Endothelial Colony Forming Cells on Melanoma
Authors: Armanetti Paolo , Chillà Anastasia , Margheri Francesca , Biagioni Alessio , Menichetti Luca , Margheri Giancarlo , Ratto Fulvio , Centi Sonia , Bianchini Francesca , Severi Mirko , Traversi Rita , Bani Daniele , Lulli Matteo , Del Rosso Tommaso , Mocali Alessandra , Rovida Elisabetta , Del Rosso Mario , Fibbi Gabriella , Laurenzana Anna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNear infrared (NIR)‐resonant gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) hold great promise in cancer diagnostics and treatment. However, translating the theranostic potential of AuNPs into clinical applications still remains a challenge due to the difficulty to improve the efficiency and specificity of tumor delivery in vivo as well as the clearance from liver and spleen to avoid off target toxicity. In this study, endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) are exploited as vehicles to deliver AuNPs to tumors. It is first demonstrated that ECFCs display a great capability to intake AuNPs without losing viability, and exert antitumor activity per se. Using a human melanoma xenograft mouse model, it is next demonstrated that AuNP‐loaded ECFCs retain their capacity to migrate to tumor sites in vivo 1 day after injection and stay in the tumor mass for more than 1 week. In addition, it is demonstrated that ECFC‐loaded AuNPs are efficiently cleared by the liver over time and do not elicit any sign of damage to healthy tissue.
Electrospray ionization stability and concentration sensitivity in capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry using a flow‐through microvial interface
Authors: Wang Lingyu , Li Yueyang , Chen Dazhou , Chen David Da Yong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConcentration sensitivity is a key performance indicator for analytical techniques including for capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry (CE–MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI). In this study, a flow‐through microvial interface was used to couple CE with MS and improve the ESI stability and detection sensitivity. By infusing a peptide mixture through the interface into an MS detector at a typical flow rate for CE‐MS analysis, the spatial region near the interface was mapped for MS signal intensity. When the sprayer tip was within a 6 × 6.5 × 5 mm region in front of the MS inlet, the ESI was stable with no significant loss of signal intensity for ions with m/z 239. Finite element simulations showed that the average electric field strength at the emitter tip did not change significantly with minor changes in emitter tip location. Experiments were conducted with four different mass spectrometer platforms coupled to CE via the flow‐through microvial interface. Key performance indicators, that is, limit of detection (LOD) and linearity of calibration curves were measured for nine amino acids and five peptides. Inter‐ and intraday reproducibility were also tested. The results were shown to be suitable for quantification when internal standards were used.
Numerical modeling of the mechanical behavior of textile structures on the meso‐scale for forming process simulations of composite3Dpreforms
Authors: Pham Minh Quang , Wendt Ellen , Häntzsche Eric , Gereke Thomas , Cherif Chokri 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe models for textile structures based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) are diverse. In general, they can be divided into three groups based on their length scale: macro‐, meso‐, and micro‐scale models. The macro‐scale models are the simplest approach and require the least computational cost. On the contrary, the micro‐scale models are the most realistic and complex, thus involving extremely high computational costs. The meso‐scale models stand in the middle with sufficient representation degree at a reasonable computational cost. Every group of models has its own advantageous application field. For the forming process of 3D preforms, macro‐scale models have been widely used. As computational costs drop over time, meso‐scale models become more and more favorable. Hence, research efforts increasingly focus on meso‐scale models. In this paper, the modeling methods of FEM meso‐scale models for plain woven fabric made of glass roving and biaxial reinforced weft‐knitted fabric made of carbon fiber/polyamide 6.6 hybrid yarns are introduced. The experimental tests are used to characterize the mechanical properties of the yarns and fabrics. Different modeling methods for the geometries of each type of fabric are described. The mechanical behavior of the models is calibrated and validated with the help of a series of test simulations. Examples for the usage of the introduced models are presented.