bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do I…Incorporate a two‐sample blood type verification in a pediatric hospital?
Authors: Gálvez Jorge , Hsu Grace , Dubow Scott , Obermeier Leslie , Blair Pamala , Friedman David , Sesok‐Pizzini Deborah 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe AABB (American Association of Blood Banks) and the College of American Pathologists (CAP) regulations call on blood banks to address the risk of misidentification of a patient's blood type, which can result in transfusion of a mismatched product. Transfusion of mismatched blood product is potentially fatal due to acute hemolytic transfusion reaction and is considered a preventable event. CAP regulations outline options to reduce risk of mistransfusion by either documenting the ABO group of the intended recipient on a second sample collected at a separate phlebotomy, or utilizing a mechanical barrier system or electronic identification verification system that ensures the patient from whom the pretransfusion specimen was collected is the same patient who is about to be transfused.Study Design and MethodsAn electronic or barrier system was not available for implementation at our institution, therefore we developed a protocol for a two‐sample verification system. The first determination is performed on a current sample and the second by one of the following methods: (a) comparison with previous laboratory records, (b) testing a second sample collected at a time different from the first sample (i.e., laboratory specimen available with a different timestamp, or a new blood sample).ResultsWe improved our transfusion process and implemented a policy to require a second sample to confirm a patient's blood type. We also implemented workflows to obtain blood type confirmation from history of a second blood type result from previous laboratory records, including a policy to accept previous blood type records from an outside laboratory.ConclusionsWe describe a practice change for two‐sample verification for type and screen in a large‐scale pediatric hospital. We outline specific workflows for pre‐operative and emergency transfusion scenarios, and pediatric‐specific challenges.
Global health and the Royal College of Emergency Medicine: a cross-sectional survey of members and fellows
Authors: Fernandez Emma , Rahman Najeeb , Hayton James , Crichton Claire , DeWitt Victoria , Cattermole Giles , Corn Olivia , Gidwani Shweta , Harrison Hooi-Ling , Lowsby Richard , Bruijns Stevan 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThere is growing interest in global health participation among emergency care doctors in the UK. The aim of this paper was to describe the demographics of members and fellows of the Royal College of Emergency Medicine involved in global health, the work they are involved in, as well as the benefits and barriers of this work.MethodsWe conducted a survey to include members and fellows of the Royal College of Emergency Medicine describing the context of their global health work, funding arrangements for global health work and perceived barriers to, and benefits of, global health work.ResultsThe survey collected 1134 responses of which 439 (38.7%) were excluded. The analysis was performed with the remaining 695 (61.3%) responses. Global health involvement concentrated around South Asia and Africa. Work contexts were mainly direct clinical service (267, 38%), curriculum development (203, 29%) and teaching short courses (198, 28%). Activity was largely self-funded, both international (539, 78%) and from UK (516, 74%). Global health work was not reported to contribute to appraisal by many participants (294, 42.3%). Funding (443, 64%) and protected time (431, 62%) were reported as key barriers to global health productivity.DiscussionParticipants largely targeted specialty development and educational activities. Lack of training, funding and supported time were identified as barriers to development. Galvanising support for global health through regional networks and College support for attracting funding and job plan recognition will help UK-based emergency care clinicians contribute more productively to this field.
Seven-step framework to enhance practitioner explanations and parental understandings of research without prior consent in paediatric emergency and critical care trials
Authors: Roper Louise , Lyttle Mark D , Gamble Carrol , Humphreys Amy , Messahel Shrouk , Lee Elizabeth D , Noblet Joanne , Hickey Helen , Rainford Naomi , Iyer Anand , Appleton Richard , Woolfall Kerry 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundAlternatives to prospective informed consent enable the conduct of paediatric emergency and critical care trials. Research without prior consent (RWPC) involves practitioners approaching parents after an intervention has been given and seeking consent for their child to continue in the trial. As part of an embedded study in the ‘Emergency treatment with Levetiracetam or Phenytoin in Status Epilepticus in children’ (EcLiPSE) trial, we explored how practitioners described the trial and RWPC during recruitment discussions, and how well this information was understood by parents. We aimed to develop a framework to assist trial conversations in future paediatric emergency and critical care trials using RWPC.MethodsQualitative methods embedded within the EcLiPSE trial processes, including audiorecorded practitioner–parent trial discussions and telephone interviews with parents. We analysed data using thematic analysis, drawing on the Realpeet al(2016) model for recruitment to trials.ResultsWe analysed 76 recorded trial discussions and conducted 30 parent telephone interviews. For 19 parents, we had recorded trial discussion and interview data, which were matched for analysis. Parental understanding of the EcLiPSE trial was enhanced when practitioners: provided a comprehensive description of trial aims; explained the reasons for RWPC; discussed uncertainty about which intervention was best; provided a balanced description of trial intervention; provided a clear explanation about randomisation and provided an opportunity for questions. We present a seven-step framework to assist recruitment practice in trials involving RWPC.ConclusionThis study provides a framework to enhance recruitment practice and parental understanding in paediatric emergency and critical care trials involving RWPC. Further testing of this framework is required.
Cytosine arabinoside constant rate infusion without subsequent subcutaneous injections for the treatment of dogs with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin
Authors: Stee Kimberley , Broeckx Bart J G , Targett Mike , Gomes Sergio A , Lowrie Mark 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe administration of cytosine arabinoside (CA) by continuous rate infusion (CRI) at the time of diagnosis has been shown to improve the 3‐month survival of dogs diagnosed with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin (MUO), compared to subcutaneous administration. The benefit of administering subsequent sequential CA subcutaneous injections is unknown. This study compares the outcomes of a CA CRI protocol with (CRI+subcutaneous group) or without (CRI group) follow‐up CA subcutaneous injections; both groups received adjunctive prednisolone.MethodsForty‐two dogs diagnosed with MUO were recruited (CRI group) and compared with 41 historical control dogs (CRI+subcutaneous group) in a prospective, controlled clinical trial with 36 months of follow‐up.ResultsSuccess rates were respectively 64.3 per cent and 65 per cent in the CRI and the CRI+subcutaneous groups at 40 weeks following diagnosis, and 32.5 per cent and 35.9 per cent at 36 months following diagnosis. The median time to relapse was 299 and 285 days for the CRI and the CRI+subcutaneous groups, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found (P≥0.05).ConclusionNo clear benefit was identified in the administration of subsequent sequential CA subcutaneous injections after the first administration of CA by CRI for the treatment of dogs diagnosed with MUO.
Thermal Casimir effect with general boundary conditions
Authors: Muñoz-Castañeda J. M. , Santamaría-Sanz L. , Donaire M. , Tello-Fraile M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper we study the system of a scalar quantum field confined between two plane, isotropic, and homogeneous parallel plates at thermal equilibrium. We represent the plates by the most general lossless and frequency-independent boundary conditions that satisfy the conditions of isotropy and homogeneity and are compatible with the unitarity of the quantum field theory. Under these conditions we compute the thermal correction to the quantum vacuum energy as a function of the temperature and the parameters encoding the boundary condition. The latter enables us to obtain similar results for the pressure between plates and the quantum thermal correction to the entropy. We find out that our system is thermodynamically stable for any boundary conditions, and we identify a critical temperature below which certain boundary conditions yield attractive, repulsive, and null Casimir forces.
Resonance interaction between two entangled gravitational polarizable objects
Authors: Hu Yongshun , Hu Jiawei , Yu Hongwei , Wu Puxun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe investigate the resonance quadrupole-quadrupole interaction between two entangled gravitationally polarizable objects induced by a bath of fluctuating quantum gravitational fields in vacuum in the framework of linearized quantum gravity. Our result shows that, the interaction energy behaves as $$r^{-5}$$r-5 in the near regime, and oscillates with a decreasing amplitude proportional to $$r^{-1}$$r-1 in the far regime, where r is the distance between the two objects. Compared to the case when the two objects are in their ground states, the quantum gravitational interaction is significantly enhanced when the objects are in an entangled state. Remarkably, in the far regime, the resonance quantum gravitational interaction can give the dominating quantum correction to the Newtonian potential, since the extremum is much greater than the monopole-monopole quantum gravitational interaction.
Operational Research for Technology-Driven Supply Chains in the Industry 4.0 Era: Recent Development and Future Studies
Authors: Luo Suyuan , Choi Tsan-Ming 
Published: August 2020

Today, supply chain operations have entered the Industry 4.0 era. Technologies, such as blockchain, big-data, artificial intelligence, additive manufacturing and cloud-computing, are all hot topics. Motivated by their importance, in this paper, we conduct a review of the closely related literature in the well-established mainstream operational research (OR) journals. From our research, we first examine the OR literature on Industry 4.0 related studies. Then we classify the technology-operations-related literature into three major categories, namely, information technologies for supply chain operations, technologies for sustainable operations, and technologies for production operations. Various less popular areas on technology-driven operations in supply chains, namely, technology licensing and outsourcing (TLO), online data, and risk, finance and security (RFS), are also examined. From the reviews, we identify the major research gaps. After that, we establish a future research agenda. We believed that this paper lays the foundation for further OR studies on technology-driven supply chain management in the Industry 4.0 era.
An Efficient Design for Testability Approach of Reversible Logic Circuits
Authors: Mondal Joyati , Deb Arighna , Das Debesh K. 
Published: August 2020

Reversible circuits have been extensively investigated because of their applications in areas of quantum computing or low-power design. A reversible circuit is composed of only reversible gates and allow computations from primary inputs to primary outputs and vice-versa. In the last decades, synthesis of reversible circuits received significant interest. Additionally, testing of these kinds of circuits has been studied which included different fault models and test approaches dedicated for reversible circuits only. The analysis of testability issues in a reversible circuit commonly involves the detection of the missing gate faults that may occur during the physical realizations of the reversible gates. In this paper, we propose a design for testability (DFT) technique for reversible circuits in which the gates of a circuit are clustered into different sets and the gates from each cluster are then connected to an additional input line where, the additional line acts as an extra control input to the corresponding gate. Such arrangement makes it possible to achieve [Formula: see text] fault detection in any reversible circuit with a small increase in quantum cost. Experimental evaluations confirm that the proposed DFT technique incurs less quantum cost overhead with [Formula: see text] fault detection compared to existing DFT techniques for reversible circuits.
Archetypal Metaphysics and the Psyworld
Authors: Mills Jon 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
I address Erik Goodwyn’s insightful and nuanced critique of my work on the essence of archetypes that have direct bearing on his own investigations of archetypal origins, attractor states, the mind-body problem, and on the question of metaphysics. Goodwyn’s work is grounded in scientific naturalism while I offer an onto-phenomenological methodology that is compatible with his own positions. The questions of embodiment, ground, holism, panpsychism, and esse in anima are examined in light of offering a preliminary framework for an archetypal metaphysics where I introduce a theory of psyworld.
Jules Vuillemin et la triple controverse entre Carnap et Quine
Authors: Jacob Pierre 
Published: August 2020

Résumé
Jules Vuillemin était un philosophe érudit et savant ; il entretenait avec la philosophie analytique de son temps une relation étroite, mais rendue énigmatique par sa fidélité au principe de l’inséparabilité entre la philosophie et l’histoire de la philosophie hérité de l’historien de la philosophie, Martial Gueroult. La question principale que je me pose ici est de savoir quelle était l’attitude exacte de Vuillemin à l’égard de la triple controverse entre Quine et Carnap provoquée par les critiques dirigées par Quine contre la tripartition de Carnap entre les propositions analytiques (de la logique et des mathématiques), les propositions synthétiques (des sciences expérimentales) et les choix ontologiques purement pragmatiques. Tout en souscrivant à la tripartition carnapienne, Vuillemin réprouvait l’idée positiviste de l’irrésolubilité des controverses ontologiques et défendait, au nom de la liberté de la raison spéculative, l’idée de la pluralité des solutions.
Generic Structure and Rhetorical Relations of Online Book Reviews in English, Japanese and Chinese
Authors: Chik Sonya , Taboada Maite 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We examine the generic structure and rhetorical relations that characterise online book reviews in English, Japanese and Chinese to describe the pragmatic features of this emerging genre in a contrastive light. The corpus we analyse contains online book reviews written by consumers for consumers. The purpose of the study is two-fold. First, we seek to identify the generic structure of online book reviews. Second, we investigate the cross-cultural variation in the rhetorical organisation of opinions and evaluations in written reviews across language communities. The reviews are analysed in terms of the generic stages of book reviews, which are determined by their overall communicative goals (Motta-Roth, 1995; Taboada, 2011). The stages are then mapped against rhetorical relations that capture the coherence and meaningful organisation of the text (Mann and Thompson, 1988). Results show that online book reviews in all three languages share a common generic structure comprising three broad stages: Metapragmatic Comment, Evaluation (Book Overall, Author, Plot, Character) and Recommendation. While Evaluation is the only obligatory stage, Metapragmatic Comment serves to prepare the reader for the Evaluation that follows. The recommendation stage is common in both English and Chinese reviews but is conspicuously absent in their Japanese counterpart. In terms of rhetorical patterns, Contrast, Concession and Antithesis relations are preferred in Metapragmatic Comment and Evaluation, while Motivation is typically present in the recommendation stage. This paper proposes a methodology for the contrastive analyses of pragmatic phenomena, illustrating this methodology through the study of an emerging online genre.
Change in Total Body Water as a Metric for Predicting Need for Outpatient Intravenous Fluids in Postoperative Bariatric Patients
Authors: Matevish Lauren E. , Hawkins Alexander T. , Bethurum Alva J. , Aher Chetan V. , English Wayne J. , Williams D. Brandon , Spann Matthew D. 
Published: August 2020

Background Dehydration drives a significant proportion of readmissions following bariatric surgery. Routinely performed body composition testing and total body water (TBW) calculations may present a novel method for diagnosing dehydration for outpatient intervention. We sought to determine if a change in TBW from preoperative baseline could help identify bariatric patients requiring outpatient intravenous fluid (IVF) administration for dehydration. Methods The VUMC Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program database was retroactively queried for all patients undergoing bariatric surgery at an accredited bariatric surgery center from January 1, 2017 to May 31, 2018. Body composition test results presurgery and postsurgery were extracted from the electronic health record. Change in TBW was compared between patients requiring outpatient IVF and those who did not use multivariable logistic regression. Results 583 patients underwent surgery over the study period (388 laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 195 sleeve). 62 (10.6%) required outpatient fluid administration for dehydration. After multivariable analysis, patients with an increased hospital length of stay at index operation were more likely to require outpatient IVF (odds ratio [OR] 1.65, 95% CI 1.22-2.2). Preexisting diabetes diagnosis was protective (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.16-0.74). Neither 1-week nor 1-month change in TBW from preoperative baseline was significantly different between patients receiving outpatient IVF and those who did not. Conclusion Increased hospital length of stay predicts patients at risk of postoperative dehydration requiring IVF administration. Body composition testing and TBW were not useful in distinguishing between populations. Further research is needed to examine the efficacy of outpatient IVF in preventing hospital readmissions for dehydration.
Does Voice Therapy Improve Vocal Outcomes in Vocal Fold Atrophy?
Authors: Bick Emma , Dumberger Lukas D. , Farquhar Douglas R. , Davis Heather , Ramsey Elizabeth , Buckmire Robert A. , Shah Rupali N. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: Vocal fold atrophy is increasingly identified in the geriatric population. Current literature shows varying outcomes with voice therapy. Our goal was to analyze multidimensional vocal outcomes of these patients who underwent voice therapy. Secondary aims included determining compliance and analyzing differences in patients who undergo surgery. Methods: 197 patients with vocal fold atrophy were included and reviewed. Patients were categorized by treatment received. Patient-reported, perceptual, aerodynamic, and acoustic voice outcomes were analyzed before and after therapeutic intervention. Changes were calculated and significance determined using Wilcoxon signed-rank and rank-sum tests. Results: 89(45%) received no therapy, 43(22%) incomplete therapy, 51(26%) complete therapy, 8(4%) surgery only, and 6(3%) therapy followed by surgery. Those who completed voice therapy showed significant improvement in voice related quality of life (VRQOL) ( P = .0225), glottal function index (GFI) ( P < .001), grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain (GRBAS) ( P < .001), maximum phonation time (MPT) ( P = .0081), and fundamental frequency in women ( P = .0024). No significant changes were found in mean airflow. When comparing patients who underwent surgery versus voice therapy, statistically significant differences were present between pre-treatment VRQOL ( P = .0269) and GFI ( P = .0166). Conclusions: Only 29% of patients with vocal atrophy completed voice therapy when recommended. Within this patient cohort, voice therapy results in significant improvement in multidimensional voice outcomes. Patients with vocal atrophy that undergo surgical treatment differ from those treated with voice therapy alone in their pre-treatment patient-reported measures.
External validation of the Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Prediction model for risk adjusting mortality
Authors: Bailly David K , Furlong-Dillard Jamie M , Winder Melissa , Lavering Mark , Barbaro Ryan P , Meert Kathleen L , Bratton Susan L , Dalton Heidi , Reeder Ron W 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: The Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Prediction (PEP) model was created to provide risk stratification for all pediatric patients requiring extracorporeal life support (ECLS). Our purpose was to externally validate the model using contemporaneous cases submitted to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) registry. Methods: This multicenter, retrospective analysis included pediatric patients (<19 years) during their initial ECLS run for all indications between January 2012 and September 2014. Median values from the BATE dataset for activated partial thromboplastin time and internationalized normalized ratio were used as surrogates as these were missing in the ELSO group. Model discrimination was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and goodness-of-fit was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Results: A total of 4,342 patients in the ELSO registry were compared to 514 subjects from the bleeding and thrombosis on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (BATE) dataset used to develop the PEP model. Overall mortality was similar (42% ELSO vs. 45% BATE). The c-statistic after external validation decreased from 0.75 to 0.64 and model calibration decreases most in the highest risk deciles. Conclusion: Discrimination of the PEP model remains modest after external validation using the largest pediatric ECLS cohort. While the model overestimates mortality for the highest risk patients, it remains the only prediction model applicable to both neonates and pediatric patients who require ECLS for any indication and thus maintains potential for application in research and quality benchmarking.