bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSVI-33 Undenatured type II collagen mitigates inflammation and cartilage degeneration in healthy untrained Labrador retrievers after exercise
Authors: Varney Jessica L , Fowler Jason W , Coon Craig N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Exercise can cause microtrauma in the tissue and joints of dogs, resulting in a cycle of inflammation and discomfort even in healthy dogs. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of undenatured type II collagen supplemented on inflammation and cartilage degeneration after exercise in untrained, healthy dogs. In this experiment, 40 healthy Labrador retrievers (20m/20f; Range-5-12yrs; Avg-8yrs) were sorted into two groups: undenatured type II collagen group receiving 40mg UC-II® (10mg Collagen Type II/Min. 3% Undenatured Type II Collagen; Lonza Consumer Health, Inc.) and placebo (P) group receiving 40mg maltodextrin daily by capsule. After 2wks supplement loading, all dogs performed a 4.66 ± 0.34km endurance run. Blood was collected at baseline, 1h pre-run, and 24h post-run for hematology/biomarkers including interleukin-6 (IL-6) as an inflammatory marker and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) as a cartilage degeneration marker. Undenatured type II collagen supplemented dogs had significantly lower IL-6 vs P at post-run (p&lt; 0.01), as well as significant decreases from pre to post-run (P = 0.03), vs P with no significant change (P = 0.16). COMP was significantly lower in undenatured type II collagen supplemented dogs at 24h post-run compared to pre-run (P = 0.02), with P dogs having no significant differences between timepoints (P = 0.24). At both 1h pre- and 24h post-run undenatured type II collagen supplemented dogs had no significant increases in neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (NLR; inflammatory marker), but P dogs had significantly higher NLR compared to baseline (P = 0.01). NLR was also significantly lower in undenatured type II collagen supplemented dogs compared to P dogs at pre-run (P &lt; 0.01). Undenatured type II collagen supplemented dogs showed significantly lower white blood cell counts after supplementation compared to P dogs (P &lt; 0.05) (Table 1). In summary, untrained Labrador retrievers supplemented with undenatured type II collagen had decreased inflammation and cartilage degeneration compared to non-supplemented dogs after exercise.
PSVIII-25 Evaluation of different ensiling methods of the residual material from edamame soybean processing
Authors: Herring Ellen M , Kegley Elizabeth B , Coffey Ken , Gadberry Shane , Powell Jeremy G , Anschutz Karen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This research evaluated the storage and feeding value of residual from edamame soybean production on a laboratory scale. Two types of residual or waste material (waste from harvesting, and waste from processing stored material) were ensiled in 500-gram silos (≥ 3 silos per treatment). Material from harvest (a single trip) was ensiled either without wilting (fresh, 71% moisture) or after wilting to a target of 60% moisture; while material from processing (4 replicate trips) was ensiled at 80 (fresh), and targets of 65, 50, and 35% moisture; material at each targeted moisture level was ensiled with and without a commercial lactic acid bacterial inoculant (Lactobacillus buchneri). Dry matter loss and pH were determined after 42 (harvest waste) or 50 (processing waste) days of ensiling. Pre-ensiled processing waste material was 57% NDF, 39.4% ADF, 12.1% CP. and 8.1% ash (average of material from 3 trips). For harvest waste, there was an inoculant by ensiling DM interaction (P = 0.05) for post-ensiling pH. Ensiled fresh material without inoculant had the lowest pH (5.3) and fresh material ensiled with inoculant had a greater pH (5.5) but both were lower than either inoculant treatments using dryer material (6.5). Recoveries of DM after ensiling tended to be greater with the inoculant (89.8 vs. 86.2%). For processing waste, there was a quadratic effect of ensiling DM (P &lt; 0.01), with post-ensiling pH being lowest for fresh and 22% DM (4.4 and 4.6) then increasing to 5.2 and 6.7 when ensiled at 46 and 74% DM. There was no effect of inoculant or an inoculant by ensiling DM on post-ensiling pH. As expected, ensiling wetter material resulted in a lower post-ensiling pH for both residual materials. Adding a silage inoculant had minimal effects on pH but tended to increase the recoveries of DM from the harvest waste.
PSIX-25 Documenting succession of the rumen microbial community in dairy calves
Authors: Deblois Courtney , Suen Garret , Weigel Kent , Hernandez Laura , Steinberger Andrew , Skarlupka Joseph H , Sprecher Dante , Eder Morgan , Koller Alexander , Gelsinger Sandra 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Dairy cattle rely exclusively on the microbiota within their gastrointestinal tract for nutrient provisioning as they lack the endogenous enzymes needed to convert their plant-based diet into an accessible form. The acquisition of a fully functioning gut microbiome early in life is critical to survival of these animals. The establishment of a calf’s gut microbiota has previously been characterized using proxies such as fecal sampling and destructive sampling methods, but it is unclear how accurate these methods are over time in the same animals. To address this, 10 dairy calves were cannulated at 3 weeks of age. Rumen liquid and rumen solid samples were collected biweekly in congruence with buccal swabs and fecal samples from 7–17 weeks of age and characterized using Illumina 16S rRNA V4 amplicon sequencing. Fecal and buccal samples contained similar amounts of shared operational taxonomic units (OTUs) to the rumen pre-weaning but separated post-weaning such that buccal samples contained nearly double the number of shared OTUs. Beta diversity showed that fecal communities more closely resemble the rumen than buccal but shift as the animals begin ruminating such that buccal communities more closely resemble the rumen. This suggests that fecal samples would serve as a more accurate proxy prior to weaning whereas buccal samples would more accurately represent the rumen after weaning. These data will be invaluable for researchers interested in understanding the acquisition, succession, and establishment of the calf rumen microbiota using non-invasive approaches.
PSIX-27 Evaluation of real-time ultrasound to predict pre-harvest market endpoints in serial slaughtered British x Continental steers administered an E2+TBA implant treatment vs non-implanted controls
Authors: Grimes Becca B , Kirkpatrick Tylo J , Tennant Travis , Lawrence Ty , Cooper Kimberly B , Francis Forest L , Pillmore Sierra L , Wesley Kaitlyn R , Perkins Tommy L , Riberio Flavio , Garrison Max D , Nichols Wade , Hutcheson John 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Steers (n = 80; initial BW 271 ± 99) were serially scanned at 42-d intervals during a 378-d feeding period using an Aloka 500 device by a certified Ultrasound Guidelines Council (UGC) technician using real-time ultrasound. This included 10 separate ultrasound scanning sessions following the initial weight and ultrasound data taken on day minus 7 (one week prior to initial start date). Steers were randomly assigned to implant treatment (either implanted with Revalor XS or not) at day -7. Cattle were weighed and scanned for 12th-rib fat thickness (FTU), 12th-rib longissimus muscle area (LMAU), percentage intramuscular fat (%FATU), and rump fat thickness (RFU) to determine the ability of ultrasound to predict carcass grading outcomes at harvest. Scans were processed by CUP Lab technicians. Eight steers were harvested each 42 days. Carcasses were assessed 48h after harvest to determine 12th-rib fat thickness (FTC), 12th-rib longissimus muscle area (LMAC), and marbling score (MARB). Data were analyzed via Pearson correlation and linear regression to determine the relationship of ultrasound measures to carcass outcomes. Positive correlations (P &lt; 0.01) between ultrasound measures taken the day before harvest and carcass measurements indicated strong relationships between FTU and FTC (r = 0.91), LMAU and LMAC (r = 0.93), and moderately strong relationships between %FATU and MARB (r = 0.76). Prediction equations were generated to estimate FTC = .0088 + (1.02585 x FTU), LMAC = 16.29720 + (0.77197 x LMAU) and MARB = 19.87510 + (5.19832 x %FATU). Results suggest real-time ultrasound data provides an effective tool to estimate carcass outcomes pre-harvest.
PSV-38 Study of the effect of testosterone and estradiol on the biochemical parameters of blood in stallions
Authors: Kudlaeva Anna , Atroshchenko Mikhail , Engalycheva Mariya , Shirokova Olga , Borodkina Elena , Fomina Mariya , Zvyagina Valentina , Krutikova Anna , Timofeeva Svetlana 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of the work was to study the relationship of testosterone and estradiol with the biochemical parameters of blood. The blood of 39 stallions aged 3 to 20 years was collected during the breeding season (February–May). Determination of testosterone and estradiol in blood plasma was carried out on a chemiluminescent analyzer Immulite 2000 (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., USA). The concentration of HDL and LDL cholesterol and the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined using an automatic biochemical analyzer Vegasys (Analyzer Medical System, Italy), the concentration of total protein, albumins, globulins, glucose, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, total bilirubin, creatinine, the activity of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase were determined using a biochemical analyzer AU 680 (Beckman Coulter, USA). Spearman’s coefficient was used to estimate the rank correlation. Differences were considered statistically significant at P &lt; 0.05. A significant positive correlation between the concentration of testosterone and the activity of ALP was found (r=0.34; P &lt; 0.05). We found a positive correlation between the concentration of estradiol with the activity of ALP (r=0.44; P &lt; 0.01) and the concentration of HDL cholesterol (r=0.31; P &lt; 0.05), as well as a negative correlation between the concentration of estradiol and glucose (r=-0.32; P &lt; 0.05). We assume that estradiol and testosterone induce the synthesis of alkaline phosphatase through the activation of osteoblastic activity. Estradiol is also able to lower blood glucose level. Among the mechanisms of this phenomenon described in the literature, there is an increase in the expression of GLUT4 and their translocation to the cell membrane, the induction of glycolysis enzymes, the pentose-phosphate cycle and glycogen synthesis. We also assume that estradiol increases HDL cholesterol in the blood by increasing the rate of HDL formation. Authors acknowledge financial support from Russian Science Foundation, Grant No: 20-16-00101
PSV-36 Optimization of Collection, Storage, and Extraction of Samples for Large-Scale 16s Sequencing Project
Authors: Jacobs Robert D , Gordon Mary Beth E , Bowman Morghan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Correlations between the microbiome of the horse and various physiological parameters continue to be determined. Most evaluations of the equine microbiome have been regionally focused with limited numbers or variability. In order to elucidate the role of the microbiome on equine health, a large-scale trial has been initiated with a primary objective of analyzing and characterizing the microbiome of the horse. A study of this scope relies on the horse owner to collect samples from various locations and ship them to a centralized lab. Therefore, collection protocols and extraction techniques need to be optimized to maintain sample integrity. A trial was conducted to evaluate the storage conditions and extraction methodologies necessary to develop an optimized method of sample collection, preparation, and extraction. Samples were collected from a single horse and subjected to one of four treatments in duplicate (1-fresh, 2-frozen, 3-stored in 99% EtOH, and 4-stored in a commercially available DNA/RNA transport medium; DNA/RNA Shield®, Zymo Research, Irvine, CA). Frozen samples were placed at -80◦ C immediately following collection and stored for 48-hr. Frozen samples were thawed immediately prior to extraction. All other treatments were stored as dictated by treatment at room temperature for 48-hr prior to extraction to mimic shipping. Samples were processed utilizing a commercially available DNA extraction kit (Quick-DNA™ Fecal/Soil Microbe Miniprep, Zymo Research). DNA extract was analyzed for quantity utilizing a Qubit Fluorometer (ThermoFisher, Waltham, MA), and quality via spectrophotometry (NanoDrop 2000; ThermoFisher, Waltham, MA). Swabs stored in DNA/RNA Shield® yielded higher concentrations of DNA with superior 260/280 values than other treatments. These data indicate that storage of fecal swabs in an appropriate buffer combined with optimized extraction protocols can deliver adequate extracts that can be utilized for 16s sequencing and validates the use of this method for large-scale microbiome analysis.
PSVII-37 Late-Breaking Abstract: CNV analysis of indigenous sheep reveals genes linked to disease resistance and adaptation
Authors: Molotsi Annelin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Smallholder farmers often make use of low-input systems, suggesting that robust and adaptable individuals are needed in these systems that have good production and reproduction in these low-input systems. One of the reasons certain individuals may be more adaptable or have higher production outputs could be due to the presence of advantageous mutations or genetic structural variants. Genetic variants, namely copy number variations (CNVs), are structural changes to the DNA and are larger than a single nucleotide. In this study, 47 sheep were investigated for the presence of CNVs. A total of 206 CNVs passed quality control. These CNVs were compared to the NCBI RefSeq Ovis aries: Oar_v4.0 to identify candidate genes located within or overlapping the copy number variations identified. Gene annotation analysis was carried out on the identified candidate genes. Gene annotation assigned the candidate genes to two gene groups. The first gene group were protein coding genes responsible for interferons that are the natural defences individuals have against viral and bacterial infection. The second gene group was found to be responsible for a variety of biological functions including transport, metabolic precursors, neurogenesis, signalling as well as bone and cartilage matrix composition along with a number of other important functions. This indicates that CNVs could have various effects on important biological process which could possibly influence an individual’s survival or even production and reproduction. This highlights the need for CNV studies to determine the influence of these CNVs and how they can be utilised in breeding programmes to improve adaptation and production outputs.
PSVII-40 Late-Breaking Abstract: Ultrasonography and bacterial community of naturally occurring liver abscesses and non-abscessed livers in finishing Holstein steers
Authors: Stotz Miranda K , Crossland Whitney L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Liver abscesses persist in feedlot cattle representing a financial burden to both pre- and post-mortem sectors of the beef industry. Pre- and Post-mortem strategies are needed to understand onset, duration, and resolution of abscesses, etiology, and fully quantify their impact on performance. Holstein steers (n = 56; Initial BW=384±13.5 kg) consuming a finishing diet (90% concentrate) for 188 d (Final BW=660±42 kg) were used for live ultrasonography of the liver. Feed intake was recorded daily and BW and liver ultrasound images recorded every 28 d. At harvest, livers were graded and imaged to compare with ultrasound images. Tissue was sampled from both abscessed and non-abscessed livers and 16s rDNA sequencing performed. Steers ranked within feedlot performance variables for 188 days on feed (DOF) and the final 48 DOF were compared with post-mortem liver score using the FREQ procedure of SAS. A contingency table for abscess detection by ultrasound versus harvest was used to evaluate ultrasound accuracy. Abscess prevalence of Holstein steers was 60.7%. No relationship was detected between liver severity score and DMI, ADG and G:F calculated from the total days on feed (P ≥ 0.394). However, in the last 48 DOF, steers with non-abscessed or resolved liver abscesses tended to have greater ADG values (P = 0.099) and G:F (P = 0.049) than steers with mild and severely abscessed livers. Final ultrasound identified 14 of 23 abscessed livers. Abscesses not detected by ultrasound were inactive scars/adhesions, located on the visceral side or covered by lung or intestinal tissue. Non-abscessed and scarred livers had greater OTU richness and evenness while severely abscessed livers had greater dominance (P &lt; 0.001). Beta-diversity indicated community separation of tissue from different severity scores. All 56 liver samples contained F. necrophorum and Bacteroides spp. DNA; abscessed or not. The true prevalence and duration of liver abscesses in finishing cattle requires greater pre-mortem surveillance.
PSVII-39 Late-Breaking Abstract: Enhancing production and Aleutian disease resilience in mink through advanced genomics
Authors: Miar Younes , Plastow Graham , Wang Zhiquan , Sargolzaei Mehdi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The fur industry is one of the oldest and the most historically significant industries in Canada. The industry has used American mink (Neovison vison) as the major source of fur for decades because of their high-quality fur and wide range of colours. This project will seek to (1) create the first accurate whole-genome sequence assembly of mink using next-generation sequencing technology to help understanding the biology and evolution of the order Carnivora, (2) design a robust and informative SNP assay for genomics discovery in mink, (3) discover genome structure and signature of selection as well as identify new genetic variants explaining variation in economically important traits, and (4) identify the genetic relationships among these traits including feed efficiency, Aleutian disease resilience, fur quality, reproductive performance, growth rate and pelt size. One hundred mink DNA samples from the Canadian Centre for Fur Animal Research at Dalhousie Agriculture Campus (Truro, Nova Scotia), and one breeding population (Millbank Fur Farm Limited, Rockwood, Ontario) were sequenced using next-generation whole-genome sequencing with more than 30x coverage to create the first SNP assay for American mink. A DNA panel composed of these sequenced mink from five color-types were assembled to identify the most homozygous individual as the reference animal for whole-genome sequence assembly development. The phenotypic data and DNA samples from 3,323 animals were collected and will be genotyped using the customized assay. The ultimate objective is to develop new tools for implementation of marker assisted selection or genomic selection in mink breeding programs for development of superior, highly efficient, and healthy animals. This approach will help improve the overall performance of the North American mink industry, which is now in difficulty due to several economic factors such as the high price of feed, declining price of fur and prevalence of diseases.
PSVIII-41 Late-Breaking Abstract: Milk urea level of dairy cows in Northern Kazakhstan
Authors: Shamshidin Alzhan , Aitmukhanbetov Daulet , Batyrgaliyev Yerkingali , Seitmuratov Anuarbek 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The high milk productivity of cows with an inadequate feeding level is the cause of many animal diseases. To control protein and energy in feeding ration it may be used as an indicator the milk urea content (Nousiainen, J.K.J. Shingfield, and P. Huhtanen, 2004). The norm of its content is in the range of 15–30 mg% (Smith, J., G. Verkerk, B. McKay, 2000). The purpose of the work was to introduce milk urea indicator in Republic of Kazakhstan by the experience of USA and Canada milk labs. Research work was carried out under project “Improving the breeding methods efficiency.” The studies were carried out using infrared analyzer CombiFoss FT +. The results of the study are shown in table 1. As you can see, milk urea content in Agrofirm Rodina LLP was 34.25 ± 0.29 mg%. Analysis of cows diet in this farm showed, there it was protein excess by 7.9% in comparison with the norms. In the second farm, Esil-Agro LLP, it was a different case. Milk urea content was 11.7 mg%. Low level of urea in this case was the result of energy and protein lack in the diet of dairy cows. It can be concluded that in conditions of dairy farms in the Republic of Kazakhstan, milk urea can serve as reliable indicator of protein and energy level in the diets of dairy cows, monitoring its content will ensure the rational use of expensive protein feeds, preserving animal health and thereby increase the efficiency of milk production.
PSX-35 Late-Breaking Abstract: Use of total tract NDF and starch digestibility in beef cow and replacement heifer diet formulation
Authors: Dahlke Garland , Jakub Devin , Goeser John , Lundy Erika L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of using the total tract neutral detergent fiber (TTNDFd) and starch digestibility methodology in the formulation of beef cow and replacement heifer rations. This methodology ultimately applies to the estimation of energy availability to the animal and accompanied performance as outlined by the NASEM 2016 Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle publication. Multiparous, Angus cows during the last two months of gestation and yearling replacement, Shorthorn heifers comprised the study. Cows received one of four, dry ingredient diets while heifers received a corn silage-based diet. Feed nutrient evaluation along with intake were documented and applied to the NASEM model for these cattle. Results were compared to actual performance. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) derived energy estimates which generally accompany commercial laboratory feed analysis reports were compared as well. A T-test between actual and projected growth was used to describe the difference. The T-test between the TTNDFd/Starch derived results did not show any statistical difference between the actual and projected results for heifers P(T&lt; =t) 0.15 with an average ADG bias of -0.06 Kg. The cow results over the four diets P(T&lt; =t) ranged from 0.41 to 0.004 with an average bias of 0.04 to 0.27 Kg overestimating ADG. The T-test between the ADF derived results showed a difference between the actual and estimated values for heifers P(T&lt; =t) 0.0004 with an average ADG bias of 0.2 Kg. The cow results over the four diets likewise over estimated available energy substantially. Here the test ranged from P(T&lt; =t) 0.03 to 0.0001 with an average bias of 0.35 to 0.7 Kg. It appears that TTNDFd methodology should be strongly considered in the evaluation of forages and in the development of ration formulation software for beef offered high levels of fiber in their ration.