bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IDEATIONAL GRAMMATICAL METAPHORS IN EDITORIALS TEXTS OF THE JAKARTA POST NEWSPAPER
Authors: Wardhani Kiky , Ginting Siti Aisyah , Sumarsih Sumarsih 
Published: September 2020

This study was investigated the realization of ideational grammatical metaphors in editorials of The Jakarta Post Newspaper. The objectives of this study were to identify the types of ideational grammatical metaphor are found in editorials texts of, to describe how the ideational grammatical metaphor lingustically realized in the editorials text, and to explain the reasons for the used of ideational grammatical metaphors. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative research. The sourceof data were editorials of The Jakarta Post newspaper, published on http://www.thejakartapost.com/chanel/editorial, which containing of six editorials written in January 2015 episode. The data were the texts containing of ideational grammatical metaphors. The data were analyzed based on the Sistemic Functional Language approach. The result showed that there were four types of ideational grammatical metaphor, namely adjective =>noun, verb =>noun, verb =>adjective, adverb =>adjective. The dominant type of ideational grammatical metaphor in the editorials is verb =>adjective. The reasons of ideational grammatical metaphor used in the editorials was due to nominalization and condensation. Grammatical metaphor as a model of language was needed to help people to understand how a text work to make meaning and all meaning was situated in context of situation and context of culture. There was a great deal of variation among different register in the degree and types of metaphor that was encountered. Register of field is social action of which is going on the text of editorials texts.Key words: Ideational Grammatical Metaphor, Texts, The Jakarta Post newspaper,
THE REALIZATION OF METAPHOR OF MODALITY USED IN DONALD TRUMP’S SPEECH IN UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY 2017
Authors: Handayani Nursyah , Ginting Siti Aisyah , Zainuddin Zanuddin 
Published: September 2020

This Study investigates modality used by Donald Trump in his speech in United Nations General Assembly 2017. Modality is expressed as the speakers’s judgment of the Obligation, or probabilities involved what is saying. The speech was conveyed by Donal Trump as the representative of America in United Nations General Assembly 2017. Three objectives of the study are the describtion of kinds of the modality used on Donald Trump’s speech in United Nations General Assembly, the analyze of realization of modality and the describtion of the reasons of modality.the data were obtained from Donal Trump’s speech . The speech transcription was analyzed by applying Systemic Functional Linguistics Theory. The Occurences of modality were qualitatively analyzed by converting them into persentages to determine the proportions namely (i) explicitly subjective, (ii) imlicity subjective, (iii) explicitly objective and (iv) imlicity objective. The findings indicates that imlicity subjective (68.75 %) , ) explicitly subjective (17.19%), imlicity objective (7.81%) and explicitly objective (6.25%). It means that the speech is also conveyed methaphorically or congruently by grammatical variation which occurs is based on the logical semantic relationship projection and exert the pragmatic function to connct the listener perception toward the speaker judgmentKeywords: modality, explicitly subjective, imlicity subjective, explicitly objective, imlicity objective
The Types of Discourse Markers in Joko Widodo’s Speeches in KTT APEC China in 2015
Authors: Nasution Syahbuddin - , Gurning Busmin - , Tangkas I Wayan Dirgeyasa 
Published: September 2020

This study deals with the discourse marker in Joko Widodo’s Speeches in KTT APEC CHINA in 2015. This study attampted to investigate the domaint elements of Discourse Marker of Joko Widodo speeches in KTT APEC in CHINA 2015, the type and how discourse marker are coded in the president Joko Widodo specches in KTT APEC in CHINA 2015. The study was conducted by quantitative design. The data in this study were the vidio of JOKO widodo’s Speeches in KTT APEC in China 2015 which got 102 clauses from the vidio. The clauses were transcribed in order to be analyzed. In relation to the problems of the study, the purpose of the study is to find the types of discourse markers and to elaborate the reasons of occurrence of discourse markers used the speech based on situational context. And this research was using descriptive qualitative method. From the data analysis and findings, there were four categories from discourse markers found in Joko Widodo speeches they are interpersonal category, referential categories, structural category and cognitive category, and the dominant category found was cognitive category.Keywords: Discourse Markers, Speeches and Types, KTT APEC
Developing English Speaking Material through Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) for Beauty Study Program
Authors: Siregar Nilam Ulami , Dirgeyasa I Wayan , Husein Rahmad 
Published: September 2020

The research was aimed to identify the target needs and learning needs of the tenth grade student of Beauty Study program at SMK Pariwisata Imelda Medan and to develop English speaking material through CTL for Beauty Study Program. This research was implemented by conducting Research and Development (R n D) study by Borg and Gall. There are four steps were done namely: (1) need analysis; (2) developing material; (3) evaluating and (final revision). The target clients of this research were 34 people which consisted of (a) 30 students of Tenth grade of Beauty Program chosen by total random sampling technique; (b) English lectures; (c) English teacher; and (d) stakeholder. There were 3 types of technique for collecting the data applied in this research, they were questionnaire which used to gain the need analysis and validate the material, documentation consisted of the existing material, and interview to support the data gained from the previous techniques. The data of the research was analyzed descriptively. The result of this research were (1) the students needed the English speaking material which contains the material relating to their filed expertise and supported by innovative and creative learning process, and (2) the English speaking material developed through CTL is a set of English speaking material which consisted of 6 units. Keywords: R and D, Speaking Material, Beauty Study, CTL
External and Internal Conjunctions in the News Story Text of the Jakarta Post
Authors: Sari Novita , Saragih Amrin , Pulungan Anni Holila 
Published: September 2020

This study was investigated external and internal conjunctions in the news story text of the Jakarta Post based on Systemic Functional Linguistics Approach. The objective of this study was to describe the realization of external and internal conjunctions. The research was conducted by using qualitative design. The data of this research were clause complex of external and internal conjunctions in the news text the Jakarta Post. The data were taken from website official Jakarta Post https://www.thejakartapost.com/. The data were collected by documentary technique. The technique of data analysis applied interactive model technique by Miles, Huberman and Saldana (2014). The findings showed external and internal conjunctions describes in clause complex news text used to clause complex have several clauses consist of independent clause is an equal (paratactic) and clause complex have several clauses consist of independent clause relate with dependent clause is an unequal (hypotactic). Keywords: External Conjunction, Internal Conjunctions, News Text
The advances in human oral biology and biotechnology
Authors: Borowiec Blanka , Hutchings Greg , Bryl Rut , Melo Marcelo A. , Shibli Jamil A. , Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska Marta 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The oral cavity is a very specific and complicated structure. It plays the role of a speech apparatus but is also a gate and a preliminary processing plant for fuel nourishing the body. Analyzing the embryological development of the oral cavity, we can distinguish here the stages of growth, migration and fusion. This processes mainly involves the formation of branched arches that appear between the fourth and fifth weeks of fetal development. In recent years, interest in researching its various features has been still growing. After a thorough description and anatomical examination, researchers began to think about its other possibilities than just crushing, throwing, swallowing, bringing out the sounds and articulating words. It turns out that the whole range of its potential is not limited to just a few functions mentioned above. The following review article covers specific studies that have emerged most frequently over the past year. You will find here information about the microbiome of the oral cavity which plays an significant role in maintaining a proper physiological environment of the oral cavity, oral tumors and how the SCC or squamous cell carcinoma is histologically the most common and its treatment, even in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as the least discovered and still fascinating for scientists wound healing processes and unknown exosomes that can transport biological molecules in their original, intact and active form, including nucleic acids and proteins with their signaling pathways.

Running title: The advances in human oral biology and biotechnology
An analytical “quality by design” approach in RP-HPLC method development and validation for reliable and rapid estimation of irinotecan in an injectable formulation
Authors: Bhaskaran Navya Ajitkumar , Kumar Lalit , Reddy M Sreenivasa , Pai Girish K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The objective of the present study was to develop a robust, simple, economical and sensitive HPLC-UV method using the “quality-by-design” approach for the estimation of irinotecan (IRI) in marketed formulations. RP-HPLC method was developed by applying Box-Behnken design with Hyper-Clone (Phenomenex®) C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm id, particle size 5 µm, ODS 130 Å) as a stationary phase. Acetonitrile and 20 mmol L−1 potassium phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) containing 0.1 % triethylamine in a ratio of 45:55 % (V/V) was used as a mobile phase. The sample was injected in a volume of 20 µL into the HPLC system. UV detector at 254 nm was used to estimate and quantify IRI. Isocratic elution was opted while the flow rate was maintained at 0.75 mL min−1. The retention time of IRI was found to be 4.09 min. The responses were found to be linear for concentration range of 0.5 to 18.0 µg mL−1 and the coefficient of determination value was found to be 0.9993. Percent relative standard deviation for intra- and inter-day precisions was found in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 %. LOD and LOQ values were found to be 4.87 and 14.75 ng mL−1, resp. Robustness studies confirmed that the developed method is robust with RSD of a maximum 0.1 %. The method is simple, precise, sensitive, robust and economical making it applicable to the estimation of IRI in an injectable formulation.
Euro-Atlantic security before and after COVID-19
Authors: Gvineria Shota 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Contemporary global power competition has turned the world into a hybrid battlefield. In modern battlefield, authoritarian regimes have the strategic advantage of being irresponsible, reckless and aggressive. This advantage is combined with the ability of the authoritarian regimes to find cheap and effective - short of war - solutions for achieving geopolitical objectives. In past decades authoritarian regimes such as Russia and China have been actively applying hybrid strategies against the Western dominated rules based international system. Those strategies are being constructed based on identification and utilization of the vulnerabilities of the democratic political systems, institutions and societies. Pandemic crisis caused by unpredictable and unprecedented spread of the mutated new Corona virus, have underlined vulnerabilities and opened up new possibilities for the hybrid warfare. The pandemic influences every power on the global stage, but will COVID-19 be a turning point for the Euro-Atlantic Security environment?
Practical Approach to Optimal Cooling System Design for a Production Line Consisting of Plastic Injection Moulding Machines in Polish Specific Climat Conditions
Authors: Bernacki Maciej , Kaminski Piotr 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The paper presents and describes cooling systems mainly used in industrial plants specialized in production based on injection moulding machines. Each solution is rated taking into account investment costs, technical complexity, exploitation costs and system flexibility in general. With regard to dynamically changing law regulations linked to refrigeration installations, mainly F-Gases Act, during optimal system selection new restrictions were respected. This approach ensures long-term exploitation without additional complications. The paper contains characteristics of cooled facility, i.e. production plastic plant using injection moulding machines, presents specifics for this type of application where two extremely different cooling processes are placed in parallel. One task is heat collection from injection moulds to ensure short production time and produced details recurrence, the second is keeping hydraulic oil temperature between temperature limits – this process ensures proper oil viscosity and prevents its premature wear.
Analytical Approach to Product Reliability Estimation Based on Life Test Data for an Automotive Clutch System
Authors: Niknafs Hamed , Faridkhah Morteza , Kazemi Camelia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe study of reliability is an important part of engineering design process which forms the basis of analysis and judgment on future performance of the product. Since the future couldn’t be predicted with an absolute certainty, the nature of reliability would lead us to probability theory and uncertainty modeling. The quantitative calculation of this parameter for mechanical systems within different steps of production requires an analytical and systematic approach which has been focused in this paper. The proposed approach has been applied for calculating reliability of a clutch system as a case study. The system reliability in this work is determined based on the block diagram method as a function of individual component reliabilities which are calculated by statistical analysis of life test results. Using Weibull model, reliability of a typical clutch system has been formulated based on durability bench test and results has been interpreted to estimate field reliability.
Evolution of Tenacity in Mixed Mode Fracture – Volumetric Approach
Authors: Zebri O. , El Minor H. , Bendarma A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In fracture mechanics most interest is focused on stress intensity factors, which describe the singular stress field ahead of a crack tip and govern fracture of a specimen when a critical stress intensity factor is reached. In this paper, stress intensity factors which represents fracture toughness of material, caused by a notch in a volumetric approach has been examined, taking into account the specific conditions of loading by examining various U-notched circular ring specimens, with various geometries and boundary conditions, under a mixed mode I+II. The bend specimens are computed by finite element method (FEM) and the local stress distribution was calculated by the Abaqus/CAE. The results are assessed to determine the evolution of the stress intensity factor of different notches and loading distances from the root of notch. This study shows that the tenacity is not intrinsic to the material for all different geometries notches.
Prediction of Solutions of the Duffing System with Tuned Mass Damper
Authors: Mnich Konrad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this work we analyze the behavior of a nonlinear dynamical system using a probabilistic approach. We focus on the coexistence of solutions and we check how the changes in the parameters of excitation influence the dynamics of the system. For the demonstration we use the Duffing oscillator with the tuned mass absorber. We mention the numerous attractors present in such a system and describe how they were found with the method based on the basin stability concept.
Gear Crack Detection Using Residual Signal and Empirical Mode Decomposition
Authors: Selami Salim , Mecibah Mohamed Salah , Debbah Younes , Boukelia Taqiy Eddine 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Diagnosis of gearbox defects at an early stage is very important to avoid catastrophic failures. This article presents experimental results of tests made to evaluate the cracks of the cylindrical gears of a transfer case under advanced test conditions. For the diagnosis of a gearbox, various signal processing techniques are mainly used for the vibration study of the gears, such as: Fast Fourier Transform, synchronous time average, and time-based wavelet transformation, etc. Various methods can be found in the literature which can be used to calculate the residual signal (RS), however, in this paper, we suggest a new method combined empirical mode decomposition (EMD) technique with RS for detection of the crack gear. In order to extract the associated defect characteristics of the transfer box vibration signals, the EMD has been performed. The results show the effectiveness of the EMD method in the evaluation of tooth cracking in spur gears. This effectiveness can be proved by the obtained results of the experimental tests, which were presented and carried out on a test rig equipped with a transfer box.
The Expansion of the Inverse of the Mutual Distance Between Two Planets Raised to Any Real Integer Using Taylor Theorem and Elliptic Expansions Part I: Theoretical Results
Authors: Elmabsout Badaoui , Kamel Osman M. , Soliman Adel S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We introduce in this part the method to obtain the literal expansion of the mutual distance between two planets of the solar system raised to any negative real integer.
Kinematic and Dynamic Analysis for a New MacPherson Strut Suspension System
Authors: Dehbari S. , Marzbanrad J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The present paper undertakes kinematic and dynamic analysis of front suspension system. The investigated model is a full-scale Macpherson which is a multibody system. Two degree of freedom model is considered here to illustrate the vertical displacement of sprung mass and unsprung mass with using displacement matrix. Ride and handling parameters including displacement of sprung and unsprung masses, camber/caster angle, and track changes are derived from the relationships. Moreover, geometrical model and equations are validated by Adams/Car software. The kinematic and dynamic results have been compared in both analytical and numerical outputs for verification. The proposed analytical model shows less than 5% differences with a complicated multibody model.
Effect of the Oxidation on the Tribological Behaviour of Steels
Authors: Djilali Kaid-Ameur , Hebbar Ahmed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The work presented in this study focus on the application of the method of the plans of experiences (MPE) to the study and the optimization of the quantification of the wear of the steels (XC48, A60) under the effect of a factor of environment in the occurrence Hydrogen. Modeling can draw inspiration from the mathematical models established by the (MPE) in order to analyze more deeply the phenomenon of the wear while taking account of the various relevant factors [1].
The MPE, introduced is a consistent set of tools and methods algèbro-statistics to establish and analyze the relationships in the quantities studied (responses) and their sources of variations (factors) [2]. This analysis may be qualitative: study of “screening” (determination of influential factors) or quantitative: methodology of the surfaces of answers (variation of responses according to the influential factors). In all cases, it has for the purpose of determination of mathematical models approached the answers expressed in terms of the factors. These models are deducted from the values obtained of series of experiments. The definition of these plans of experiences determines the measurable quality of models. The multiple facets of the MPE are then used as the basis for the development of strategy to optimize [3].
Investigation of Surface Roughness and Material Removal Rate on Machining of TIB2 Reinforced Aluminum 6063 Composites: A Taguchi’s Approach
Authors: Emmanual L. , Karthikeyan T. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The utilization of TiB2 particles reinforced aluminum (Al6063) metal matrix composite materials in many different engineering fields has undergone a tremendous increase. Accordingly, the need of accurate machining of composites has increased enormously; an attempt has been made to assess the factors influencing surface roughness and material removal rate on machining the composite. The orthogonal array, the signal-to-noise ratio, and analysis of variance were employed to study the performance characteristics in turning operations of 5 and 10 wt. % TiB2 particles reinforced aluminum (Al6063) metal matrix composites. Taguchi method was used to find the optimal cutting factors for surface roughness (Ra) and material removal rate (MRR). Three cutting factors namely speed; feed and depth of cut were optimized with considerations of Ra and MRR. The experimental plan and analysis was based on the Taguchi L27 orthogonal array with three cutting factors using carbide tool (K20). The optimal parametric combination for K20 carbide insert was found to be feed, speed and depth of cut. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) result shows that feed the most significant process parameter on surface roughness followed by speed. For MRR result show that the speed and the feed are the significant parameters followed by the composition of composite material.
Numerical analysis based on finite element method of active vibration control of a sandwich plate using piezoelectric patches
Authors: Serhane Hanane , Bendine Kouider , Boukhoulda Farouk Benallel , Lousdad Abdelkader 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
An active method of vibration control of a smart sandwich plate (SSP) using discrete piezoelectric patches is investigated. In order to actively control the SSP vibration, the plate is equipped with three piezoelectric patches that act as actuators. Based on the classical plate theory, a finite element model with the contributions of piezoelectric sensor and actuator patches on the mass and stiffness of the sandwich plate was developed to derive the state space equation. LQR control algorithm is used in order to actively control the SSP vibration. The accuracy of the present model is tested in transient and harmonic loads. The applied piezoelectric actuator provides a damping effect on the SSP vibration. The amplitudes of vibrations and the damping time were significantly reduced when the control is ON.
Surface micromorphology characterization of PDI8-CN2 thin films on H-Si by AFM analysis
Authors: Ţălu Ştefan , Kulesza Slawomir , Bramowicz Miroslaw , Solaymani Shahram , Ţălu Mihai , Nezafat Negin Beryani , Rezaee Sahar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A nanoscale investigation of three-dimensional (3-D) surface micromorphology of archetypical N, N0- bis (n-etyl) x:y, dicyanoperylene- 3, 4:9, 10 bis (dicarboximide) (PDI8-CN2) thin films on H-Si substrates, which are applicable in n-type semiconducting compounds, has been performed by using fractal analysis. In addition, surface texture characteristics of the PDI8-CN2 thin films have been characterized by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) operated in tapping-mode in the air. These analyses revealed that all samples can be described well as fractal structures at nanometer scale and their three dimensional surface texture could be implemented in both graphical models and computer simulations.