bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An anisotropic multilevel preconditioner for solving the Helmholtz equation with unequal directional sampling intervals
Authors: Yuan Yu-Xin , Li A-Man , Hu Ting , Liu Hong 
Published: July 2020

An efficient finite-difference method for solving the isotropic Helmholtz equation relies on a discretization scheme and an appropriate solver. Accordingly, we have adopted an average-derivative optimal scheme that has two advantages: (1) it can be applied to unequal directional sampling intervals and (2) it requires less than four grid points of sampling per wavelength. Direct methods are not of interest for industry-sized problems due to the high memory requirements; Krylov subspace methods such as the biconjugate gradient stabilized method and the flexible generalized minimal residual method that combine a multigrid-based preconditioner are better alternatives. However, standard geometric multigrid algorithms fail to converge when there exist unequal directional sampling intervals; this is called anisotropic grids in terms of the multigrid. We first review our previous research on 2D anisotropic grids: the semicoarsening strategy, line-wise relaxation operator, and matrix-dependent interpolation were used to modify the standard V-cycle multigrid algorithms, resulting in convergence. Although directly extending to the 3D case by substituting line relaxation for plane relaxation deteriorates the convergence rate considerably, we then find that a multilevel generalized minimal residual preconditioner-combined semicoarsening strategy is more suitable for anisotropic grids and the convergence rate is faster in the 2D and 3D cases. The results of the numerical experiments indicate that the standard geometric multigrid does not work for anisotropic grids, whereas our method demonstrates a faster convergence rate than the previous method.
Elastic least-squares migration for quantitative reflection imaging of fracture compliances
Authors: Minato Shohei , Wapenaar Kees , Ghose Ranajit 
Published: July 2020

To quantitatively image fractures with high resolution, we have developed an elastic least-squares migration (LSM) algorithm coupled with linear-slip theory, which accurately addresses seismic wave interaction with thin structures. We derive a linearized waveform inversion using the Born approximation to the boundary integral equation for scattered waves, including linear-slip interfaces for P-SV and SH wavefields. Numerical modeling tests assuming a laboratory-scale fracture where a 20 cm long fracture is illuminated by waves with a 50 kHz center frequency show that our LSM successfully estimates fracture compliances. Furthermore, due to the presence of coupling compliances at the fracture, the results using our LSM show better images than those using the conventional LSM estimating the Lamé constants. We also numerically illustrate that our LSM can be successfully applied to dipole acoustic borehole logging data with 3 kHz center frequency for single-well reflection imaging of a 10 m long, dipping fracture embedded in a random background. Finally, we apply LSM to laboratory experimental data, measuring PP reflections from a fluid-filled fracture. We confirm that the estimated fracture compliances correspond well to those estimated by earlier amplitude variation with offset inversion. Furthermore, the LSM resolves the spatially varying fracture compliances due to local filling of water in the fracture. Because the linear-slip theory can be applied to thin structures in a wide range of scales, high-resolution imaging results and estimated fracture compliance distributions will be crucial to further address small-scale properties at fractures, joints, and geologic faults.
Peri- and Postpubertal Estrogen Exposures of Female Mice Optimize Uterine Responses Later in Life
Authors: Hewitt Sylvia C , Carmona Marleny , Foley K Grace , Donoghue Lauren J , Lierz Sydney L , Winuthayanon Wipawee , Korach Kenneth S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
At birth, all female mice, including those that either lack estrogen receptor α (ERα-knockout) or that express mutated forms of ERα (AF2ERKI), have a hypoplastic uterus. However, uterine growth and development that normally accompany pubertal maturation does not occur in ERα-knockout or AF2ERKI mice, indicating ERα-mediated estrogen (E2) signaling is essential for this process. Mice that lack Cyp19 (aromatase knockout, ArKO mice), an enzyme critical for E2 synthesis, are unable to make E2 and lack pubertal uterine development. A single injection of E2 into ovariectomized adult (10 weeks old) females normally results in uterine epithelial cell proliferation; however, we observe that although ERα is present in the ArKO uterine cells, no proliferative response is seen. We assessed the impact of exposing ArKO mice to E2 during pubertal and postpubertal windows and observed that E2-exposed ArKO mice acquired growth responsiveness. Analysis of differential gene expression between unexposed ArKO samples and samples from animals exhibiting the ability to mount an E2-induced uterine growth response (wild-type [WT] or E2-exposed ArKO) revealed activation of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and heart- and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein 2 (HAND2) signaling and inhibition of GLI Family Zinc Finger 1 (GLI1) responses. EZH2 and HAND2 are known to inhibit uterine growth, and GLI1 is involved in Indian hedgehog signaling, which is a positive mediator of uterine response. Finally, we show that exposure of ArKO females to dietary phytoestrogens results in their acquisition of uterine growth competence. Altogether, our findings suggest that pubertal levels of endogenous and exogenous estrogens impact biological function of uterine cells later in life via ERα-dependent mechanisms.
Manipulation of Hydrocortisone Tablets Leads to Iatrogenic Cushing Syndrome in a 6-Year-Old Girl With CAH
Authors: Al-Rayess Heba , Fleissner Kristin , Jaber Mu’taz , Brundage Richard C , Sarafoglou Kyriakie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCurrently there are no commercially available hydrocortisone formulations for the treatment of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) that allow for smaller doses (0.1-1.25 mg) and incremental adjustments needed to control excess androgen production and avoid the negative effects of overtreatment. This lack of availability has led physicians to recommend dividing hydrocortisone 5-mg tablets into 4 to 6 pieces, compounding capsules or hydrocortisone suspension, or crushing 5- or 10-mg tablets in 5 or 10 mL of water. We report a case of iatrogenic Cushing syndrome in a 6-year 11-month-old girl with salt-wasting CAH treated with hydrocortisone tablets that were administered after crushing and dispersing into water to obtain the prescribed dose. She presented with poor growth, increasing body mass index (BMI), excess downy hair, round facies, and gastric ulcers. Her hydrocortisone dose was 8.1 mg/m2/day. Results for all adrenal steroid concentrations were undetectable at 8 am, 12 hours after her last dose. The year prior to presentation her parents began dissolving 10 mg of hydrocortisone in 10 mL of water and using this preparation over the course of 24 hours, which coincided with rapid increase of BMI. We switched her to a pharmacy-compounded alcohol-free hydrocortisone suspension with total daily doses ranging from 6.5 to 8.2 mg/m2/day, which resulted in resolution of her cushingoid features, a decrease in BMI, and catch-up growth. Our case highlights that manipulation of hydrocortisone tablets by parents can result in great variability in dosing and the need for commercially available pediatric formulations allowing for smaller dosing required in young children.
Identity of people diagnosed with bipolar disorder
Authors: Dyga Krzysztof , Opoczyńska-Morasiewicz Małgorzata 
Published: July 2020

Cel pracyCelem badania była eksploracja treści doświadczeń związanych z tożsamością u osób z diagnozą zaburzenia afektywnego dwubiegunowego.MetodaPrzeprowadzono sześć wywiadów częściowo ustrukturyzowanych z osobami po 30 r.ż. Ich transkrypcje poddano interpretatywnej analizie fenomenologicznej (IPA).WynikiWypowiedzi uczestników badania ukazały złożony obraz ich zmagań z tożsamością w przebiegu zaburzenia afektywnego dwubiegunowego. Na znaczącą część tego obrazu składały się postawy wobec diagnozy i leczenia. Połowa badanych sygnalizowała sprzeciw wobec patologizacji dwubiegunowości (stanowiącej część ich tożsamości) oraz agresywnego leczenia skutkującego m.in. postrzeganym obniżeniem zdolności intelektualnych — jednego z fundamentów ich tożsamości. Pozostali przyjmowali obowiązującą narrację psychiatryczną, czując się najbardziej sobą w czasie remisji i podejmując zgodne z zaleceniami lekarskimi starania o utrzymywanie się w tym stanie.WnioskiNiezależnie od rozumienia swojego zaburzenia i stosunku do leczenia żaden z badanych nie ugłośnił kryzysu tożsamości. Uczestników badania cechowała wysoka tolerancja niepewności, przypuszczalnie będąca funkcją takich zmiennych jak wiek (w tym zachorowania) i czas życia z zaburzeniem, rozwinięte myślenie postformalne i motywacja do poznawania siebie. Pozytywne przeformułowania oraz klarowna narracja na temat. życia z zaburzeniem afektywnym dwubiegunowym umożliwiły jej akceptację. U jednych oznaczało ona zgodę na przypisaną diagnozę, u innych afirmację dwubiegunowości. Żaden z badanych nie definiował siebie poprzez rolę pacjenta. Tożsamościowym poczuciom ciągłości i spójności sprzyjało nieoddzielanie zdrowych i chorych aspektów siebie. Wyniki, poza wartością poznawczą, mogą dostarczyć klinicystom wzorców stanowiących możliwe punkty odniesienia do pomocy w procesie integracji tożsamości w przebiegu zaburzenia afektywnego dwubiegunowego tym osobom, które nie zdołały wykształcić podobnych strategii.
More Sugar, Less Salt
Authors: Thompson David 
Published: July 2020

A champion of impoverished women, children, immigrants, and the unemployed, Edith Hancox’s chosen family were capital’s dispossessed. Rosemary Hennessy’s material feminist theory of affect-culture and Antonio Gramsci’s articulation of the impassioned organic intellectual offer a conceptual framework for the emotive role Hancox played in nurturing and sustaining working-class resistance in the aftermath of the Winnipeg General Strike. A partial biography is gleaned from contemporary newspaper reports, Hancox’s journalism, government records, family correspondence, and other archival sources. What emerges is a glimpse into the actions, thoughts, and lived experiences of a profoundly significant, yet neglected, socialist feminist. An illegitimate birth, servitude, marriage, motherhood, immigration, and a critical engagement with organized religion formed the basis of Hancox’s radical leadership during the Winnipeg revolt. As secretary of the first national unemployment association in Canada, Hancox mobilized thousands of the nation’s workless and presented a devastating gender, race, and class critique of liberal capitalism. Through her writing and activism, she also challenged the most important leftist organizations of her era – the Labor Church, the Women’s Labor League, the One Big Union, and the Communist Party of Canada – to build a more expansive and inclusive revolutionary movement.

Championne des femmes, enfants, immigrants et chômeurs pauvres, la famille choisie par Edith Hancox a l’est parmi ceux qui sont dépossédé du capital. La théorie matérialiste féministe de Rosemary Hennessy sur la culture affective et la conception d’Antonio Gramsci de l’intellectuel organique passionné offrent un cadre conceptuel pour le rôle émotif joué par Hancox dans le développement et le maintien de la résistance de la classe ouvrière au lendemain de la grève générale de Winnipeg. Une biographie partielle est tirée des articles de journaux contemporains, du journalisme de Hancox, des documents gouvernementaux, de la correspondance familiale et d’autres sources d’archives. Ce qui émerge est un aperçu des actions, des pensées et des expériences vécues d’une féministe socialiste profondément significative, mais négligée. Une naissance illégitime, la servitude, le mariage, la maternité, l’immigration et un engagement critique envers la religion organisée ont formé la base du leadership radical de Hancox pendant la révolte de Winnipeg. En tant que secrétaire de la première association nationale de lutte contre le chômage au Canada, Hancox a mobilisé des milliers de personnes sans travail et a présenté une critique dévastatrice du capitalisme libéral en matière de genre, de race et de classe. Par ses écrits et son activisme, elle a également mis au défi les organisations de gauche les plus importantes de son époque - l’Église travailliste, la Ligue des femmes travaillistes, la One Big Union et le Parti communiste du Canada – pour construire un mouvement révolutionnaire plus vaste et inclusif.
The Left in the United States and the Decline of the Socialist Party of America, 1934–1935
Authors: Zumoff Jacob A. 
Published: July 2020

In the early years of the Great Depression, the American Socialist Party (sp) attracted left-wing youth and intellectuals at the same time that it faced the challenges of distinguishing itself from the Democratic Party of Franklin D. Roosevelt. By 1936, as its right-wing historic leadership (the “Old Guard”) left the sp and many of the more left-wing members of the sp had decamped, the party dwindled to a shell of its former strength. This article examines the internal struggles within the sp between the Old Guard and the left-wing “Militant” groupings and analyzes how the groups to the left of the sp reacted, particularly the pro-Moscow Communist Party and the supporters of Trotsky and Bukharin who were organized into two smaller groups, the Communist Party (Opposition) and Workers Party.

Dans les premières années de la Grande Dépression, le Parti socialiste américain a attiré des jeunes et des intellectuels de gauche en même temps qu’il était confronté au défi de se distinguer du Parti démocrate de Franklin D. Roosevelt. En 1936, alors que sa direction historique de droite (la «vieille garde») quittait le Parti socialiste américain et que bon nombre des membres les plus à gauche du Parti socialiste américain avaient décampé, le parti a perdu de sa vigueur. Cet article examine les luttes internes au sein du Partie socialiste américain entre la vieille garde et les groupements «militants» de gauche et analyse la réaction des groupes à gauche du Parti socialiste américain, en particulier le Parti communiste pro-Moscou et les partisans de Trotsky et Boukharine qui ont été organisés en deux petits groupes, le Parti communiste (opposition) et le Parti des travailleurs.
The Extent of the Arbitrator's Immunity from Civil Liability Compared to the Judge's Immunity (Comparative Study)
Authors: ALQUDAH Yassin Ahmad , ALKHSEILAT Abdullah Ahmed 
Published: July 2020

This study aims at the legal dimensions of the legislative deficiency of the arbitrator's immunity from civil liability in the Jordanian Arbitration Law, which the legislator granted to the judge.
The researchers reached the need to amend the provisions of the Jordanian Arbitration Law to grant immunity to the arbitrator, especially since the work is similar to that of a judge.
The judicial immunity of the arbitrator is civil liability in comparison with the immunity of the judge
Jordanian and Egyptian lawmakers have imposed restrictions on the civil (commercial) arbitrator's responsibility for the mistakes he makes while performing his arbitral mission, This is to encourage arbitration, compared to the position of the arbitrator over the judge's function, hence granting the Jordanian legislator and the Egyptian legislator and the judgments of the commercial arbitrator judicial immunity similar to that enjoyed by the judge but much less than the immunity of the judge.
We therefore consider it appropriate to examine the arbitrator's immunity, beginning with a shedding light on the judges' immunity from civil responsibility, given the similarity in the task entrusted to both the judge and the arbitrator, which is to resolve disputes by a legally binding and enforceable judgment.
This requires us to present the principle of judicial immunity from civil liability, and the reasons that support and oppose such immunity, in order to determine the judicial immunity of arbitrators of civil liability.
Social Media Rumors in Time of Corona Pandemic, Why & How is Criminalized? (Comparative Study)
Authors: ALSHIBLE Mohamad 
Published: July 2020

No one in the world does not know what Corona is as a global pandemic, which the Secretary-General of the WHO has declared as ‘the enemy of humanity’. Yes, it is the enemy of humanity; the whole humans rose up to prevent it through several aspects. We are – as lawmen – responsible for the legal sides.
All of us have become so miserable that many sciences are terrified of rumors and false news. The real news leaves pain in the souls, so what about that are false, whether it was broadcast or transmitted with intent or unintentionally
The main objective of this article is to examine the Jordanian legislator attitude in regard of social media rumors during Corona pandemic (COVID19), in comparative to the Chinese legislator. The study shows that the opportunity to punish rumors at the time of the pandemic may be unavailable or weak and not coherent in Jordanian laws in comparison with other legislations, especially in Chinese laws. The study will also show if rumors were included in relative International treaties. The
In respect to the methodology of this article, the author followed the descriptive and analytical approaches of the related Jordanian Penal laws in comparative with the Chinese Regulations in cybercrimes, by explaining the extent to which rumor crimes is punished in Jordan according to legal methods of analysis in comparative to the Chinese legal attitude.
Culture and Mentality-Related Specifics of Implementation of the ‘Law on Counteracting Bullying’ in the Environment of Educational Institutions
Authors: BOCHELIUK Vitalii I. , NECHYPORENKO Valentyna V. , POZDNIAKOVA Olena L. , SILIAVINA Yuliia S. , KYRBIATIEV Oleg O. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract:
The article sought to analyse the pedagogical instruments capable to bring change in culture and mentality-based perception of bullying among stakeholders of the educational process with the purpose of implementation of the Law ‘On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Counteracting Bullying (Harassment)’ in the environment of educational institutions. This study used theoretical methods: analysis of scientific, pedagogical and regulatory sources in order to distinguish the gaps and areas to study in this particular problem, analysis of domestic and foreign best practices; empirical methods: diagnostic: survey questionnaires; statistical methods: quantitative analysis of the results of the survey questionnaires. The statistical data the authors obtained as a result of a survey of students from four schools prove that the problem of bullying in Ukrainian educational institutions is partially caused by socio-cultural and mental impact factors. Examples of overseas best practices in addressing the problem of bullying prevention in educational institutions, which can be adapted to the realities of Ukrainian educational institutions, include further outlined role-pays: ‘School Anti-Bullying Court’ and ‘Shuttle Diplomacy’ and the ‘Student Support Service’ model. Bullying is, to a large extent, a socio-cultural and mental problem of Ukrainian society, capable of dramatically affecting students’ learning abilities and their socialisation. Pedagogical tools to be used to deal with the above problem might be (a) regular anonymous interviewing of students about cases of violence; (b) teachers' educational work with children and parents on the problem of bullying; (c) involvement of the students in the development of rules of conduct; (d) teachers supervising schoolchildren after school hours; (e) teacher training (professional upgrade) for pedagogical, psychological and legal strategies for bullying prevention among students.
Internal and Cross-Border Conflict of Laws Regulation in the United States of America
Authors: CHUMACHENKO Ivan 
Published: July 2020

The relevance of the research is due to the development of cross-border economy relations with involvement of the United States residents and the residents of other countries. Such an interest considers the questions about the correct choice of the applicable law in the framework of legal relations with the participation of U.S. residents carried out in the territory or residents of the different countries covered by the jurisdiction of the United States.
The authors objectives under this article is to consider the basic concepts, as well as some features of resolving conflicts arising between the provisions of the U.S. Federal law, the laws of certain U.S. states with the laws of other countries, as well as, in some cases, with international law. In the framework of the study, the author used various methods, in particular, the dialectical method, methods of analysis, synthesis, the formal legal method, the comparative legal method, as well as the method of analyses of legal acts and judicial precedents. The basic method used in the paper is a comparative method. By applying of this method, the author tries to show the differences between US legislation (as the common law system country) and continental (civil) law countries in relation to the resolving of the conflicts of law. By using of the comparative method, the author also tried to show the differences between the English and the U.S. law. The comparative method also compared with the method of analyses by using of this method the author examined the features of conflict resolution in accordance with statutory legislation, judicial precedents, as well as U.S. doctrine sources. The author provides the basic concepts regarding to the law on conflicts, which contain the main approaches to resolving the conflict of various jurisdictions in the United States. As the results of the research, the author concludes that even if there are separate (special) legal acts, judicial cases, as well as doctrine sources that, it would seem, should help overcome conflicts between different legal systems, given the diversity of legal relations, such collisions will arise in the future, which will push lawmakers to further develop issues of U.S. ‘law on conflicts’ or ‘conflict of laws’.