bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forkhead Box O3a requires BAF57, a subunit of chromatin remodeler SWI/SNF complex for induction of p53 up‐regulated modulator of apoptosis (Puma) in a model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Sanphui Priyankar , Kumar Das Anoy , Biswas Subhas C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) results from the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta region of the midbrain. It has been reported that the transcription factor forkhead Box O3a (FoxO3a) is activated and induces pro‐apoptotic protein such as Bcl‐2‐interacting mediator of cell death (BIM) and p53 up‐regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) in variety of neuron death paradigms. Activity of FoxO3a is governed by its post‐translational modifications which control its subcellular localization. Aim of this study was to determine whether FoxO3a is activated and up‐regulates its pro‐apoptotic genes to induce neuron death in PD. We exposed neuronal PC12 cells or primary cultures of dopaminergic neurons to 6‐hydroxy dopamine (6‐OHDA) and infused 6‐OHDA in rat brain to develop PD models. We found that FoxO3a undergoes multiple post‐translational modifications which render its nuclear localization in dopaminergic neuronal cells in response to 6‐OHDA. The nuclear redistribution of FoxO3a is significantly increased in dopaminergic neurons of 6‐OHDA infused rat brains as well. Moreover, FoxO3a is required for dopaminergic neurodegeneration in response to 6‐OHDA as RNAi‐mediated silencing of FoxO3a protects these cells from 6‐OHDA toxicity. In a search of the downstream targets we identified PUMA as a direct target of FoxO3a. By knocking down FoxO3a we could successfully block the up‐regulation of the pro‐apoptotic protein PUMA in this model. Recently, it has been reported that chromatin remodeler SWItch/sucrose non‐fermentable binds to FOXO and activates transcription. We found that Brg‐associated factor 57 (BAF57), a subclass of SWItch/sucrose non‐fermentable is up‐regulated and play a necessary role in neuron death induced by 6‐OHDA. Moreover, it is required for induction of PUMA by FoxO3a in this cellular model of PD. Taken together, our study suggest that FoxO3a is activated, translocates to nucleus, induces its pro‐apoptotic target PUMA in the presence of chromatin remodeler BAF57 to execute neuron death in cellular models of PD.
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Ontogenetic shape changes in the pelvis of the Greater Rhea (Aves, Palaeognathae) and their relationships with cursorial locomotion: a geometric morphometric approach
Authors: Picasso Mariana B. J. , Monti Ailin , Mosto Maria C. , Morgan Cecilia C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractKnowledge of the ontogenetic pattern of morphological features is essential to improve biological interpretations. The study of morphological features of the pelvic girdle and hind limb apparatus throughout growth is an excellent approach to understand how the skeletal morphology and muscles are interrelated during growth in a bird with a specialized mode of locomotion. The Greater Rhea (Rhea americana) is a large cursorial palaeognathous bird with long legs and powerful musculature. The postnatal shape changes of the pelvis of this bird were studied with geometric morphometric techniques, using landmarks and semilandmarks. In addition, regression analyses were used to explore the association between pelvic shape changes with muscle and body mass. The pelvises of 16 specimens of Rhea americana from 1 month old to adulthood were studied in dorsal and lateral views. Noticeable differences in pelvic shape were noted between ages, particularly in lateral view. In young birds, the pre‐ and post‐acetabular ilium was subequal in length, whereas in adults the pre‐acetabular ilium became shorter. In dorsal view, the main shape changes observed were the progressive thinning of both ilium portions and the elongation of the vertex craniolateralis ilii from chicks to adulthood. In this view, the only clear differentiation was between young and adult birds. Shape differences were influenced by body mass and pelvic muscles; the post‐acetabular muscle mass explained the highest percentage of the variation. The specialized locomotion of Greater Rhea is reflected in their pelvic musculoskeletal system, in which the change to a longer post‐acetabular ilium correlates with the growth of the powerful post‐acetabular muscles. The actions of these muscles provide the necessary strength to support the body mass, minimize the body swinging movements and propel the body forward during locomotion. Bone morphology is affected by the forces produced by body mass and the muscle activity, demonstrating the presence of common growth mechanisms, which are primordial and gave rise to a functional and properly proportioned adult.
Intensive critical care nurses' with limited experience: Experiences of caring for an organ donor during the donation process
Authors: Simonsson Johan , Keijzer Karl , Södereld Theres , Forsberg Angelica 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe how intensive critical care nurses, whose experience is limited, experience caring for an organ donor during the donation process.BackgroundIntensive critical care nurses are involved in the care of organ donors and their relatives. This may be challenging and evoke a sense of providing an inhumane care. Few studies have explored how intensive critical care nurses whose experience is limited experience caring for an organ donor during the donation process.DesignAn interview study with an inductive qualitative approach was conducted. The study was reported according to COREQ guidelines.MethodsThis study was performed during 2019. Participants were intensive critical care nurses (n = 7) from different hospitals (n = 4) with <3 years of experience and involvement in the donation process at least once but no more than three times. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.FindingsFive categories emerged: the donation process is emotionally challenging; supporting relatives is an essential but demanding task; a complex and multifaceted process involving a high level of responsibility; needing appropriate prerequisites in the form of education and collegial support; and providing a dignified care based on respect for the organ donor.ConclusionsHaving limited experience as an intensive critical care nurse may not automatically mean that caring for an organ donor is experienced as more challenging than it is for a more‐experienced colleague. However, certain intensive critical care nurses whose experience caring for an organ donor is limited found it to be highly demanding due to its complexity, specifically in regard to informing relatives of the loss of their loved one and providing them with support.Relevance to clinical practiceOur study revealed a need for further education. This need could be met by simulation tasks during the specialist education in intensive critical care nursing, where primarily ethical aspects and strategies for meeting with and supporting relatives should be examined and practiced.
Relationship between critical thinking disposition and research competence among clinical nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chen Qirong , Liu Dan , Zhou Chuyi , Tang Siyuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo explore the relationship between critical thinking disposition and research competence among clinical nurses.BackgroundThe development of the nursing discipline and evidence‐based practice calls for research competence and critical thinking disposition among clinical nurses. The verification of the relationship between critical thinking disposition and research competence could make contributions to promoting related knowledge building and providing practical implications for nurses, nurse educators and nurse managers. However, there is a lack of evidence exploring the relationship between critical thinking disposition and research competence in clinical nurses.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA total of 156 clinical nurses from two tertiary hospitals participated in this study. The Chinese Version of Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory and Research Competence Scale for Clinical Nurses were used to measure critical thinking disposition and nursing research competence, respectively. Data were collected in September 2017. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlation and linear regression were used to analyse data. The STROBE checklist was used in reporting this study.ResultsThe clinical nurses surveyed showed a positive inclination to general critical thinking but reported an overall low level of nursing research competence. A moderate degree of positive correlation was found between critical thinking disposition and research competence among clinical nurses. Educational degree was also found as an influencing factor of nursing research competence of clinical nurses.ConclusionThe critical thinking disposition of clinical nurses is positively related to their research competence.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses with a passion for nursing research should pay attention to improving their critical thinking dispositions. Nurse educators and managers should provide better learning, working and research environments and more supports to cultivate critical thinking disposition and improve nursing research competence in nursing research education and practice.
Evaluation of Stress Distribution in Tooth‐Supported Fixed Dental Prostheses Made of Translucent Zirconia with Variations in Framework Designs: A Three‐Dimensional Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Bakitian Fahad , Papia Evaggelia , Larsson Christel , Vult von Steyern Per 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the influence of the framework designs on the stress distribution within tooth‐supported partially veneered fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) made of translucent zirconia under simulated loads using a three‐dimensional finite element analysis (3D‐FEA).Material and MethodsFor a linear 3D‐FEA, simplified 3D solid models of prepared abutment teeth (first premolar and first molar) with different 3‐unit FDPs were created. The models with different FDP designs—monolithic zirconia (control); semi‐monolithic zirconia with 0.3 mm veneer thickness (SM0.3); semi‐monolithic zirconia with 0.5 mm veneer thickness (SM0.5); semi‐monolithic zirconia with 0.5 mm veneer thickness supported with cap design (SMC), and semi‐monolithic zirconia with 0.5 mm veneer thickness supported with wave design (SMW)—were analyzed using 3D‐FEA. The elastic properties of the components (bone, dentine, cement, translucent zirconia, and veneering porcelain) were obtained from the published data for FEA. Simulated static loading forces (300 N) were applied at 10° oblique direction over six points in the occlusal surfaces of the FDPs. Maximum principal stress, shear stress, and safety factor were calculated and analyzed among the different models.ResultsSemi‐monolithic with cap design showed the smallest maximum principal stress levels in the veneering porcelain compared to all other models (SM0.3, SM0.5, SMW). The SM0.3 had lower maximum principal stress levels in the veneering porcelain compared to SM0.5. Regarding stresses in the zirconia framework, all models had comparable results in maximum principal tensile stresses, except SMW had a lower value. Maximum principal stress levels were located in the veneer component of SM0.3, SM0.5, and SMW, whereas, such levels were observed in the cervical areas of the zirconia frameworks of SMC and control. The SM0.3 had the highest maximum shear stress levels at the zirconia‐veneer interface, while SMW had the lowest shear values. The 3D‐FEA models with different FDP designs showed different minimum safety factor levels.ConclusionsFramework and veneer designs play a significant role in the stress distribution of the partially veneered zirconia FDPs under loading. The FDPs with zirconia frameworks with cap design minimize the maximum principal tensile stress in the veneering porcelain. The FDPs with 0.3‐mm‐veneering porcelain show low maximum principal tensile stress in the veneering porcelain, but highest maximum shear stress at the zirconia‐veneer interface. The FDPs with wave design of zirconia frameworks minimize the maximum shear stress considerably.
Serum procalcitonin concentrations in dogs with induced endotoxemia
Authors: Easley Frankie , Holowaychuk Marie K. , Lashnits Erin W. , Nordone Shila K. , Marr Henry , Birkenheuer Adam J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundProcalcitonin (PCT) is an important biomarker for sepsis in human medicine, but there is little information regarding PCT as a biomarker for sepsis in dogs. There are no controlled studies evaluating serial concentrations of PCT in dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectiveThat PCT would be rapidly detectable in serum after injection of LPS and would remain increased for at least 24 hours. Objective was to evaluate serial serum PCT concentrations in dogs after a single IV injection of LPS compared to placebo.AnimalsSix healthy mixed breed dogs.MethodsA nonrandomized, placebo‐controlled, crossover study was performed. Dogs were initially injected with placebo (0.9% NaCl; 1 mL, IV) and then experimental endotoxemia was induced by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 2 μg/kg, IV, once) after a 5‐day washout period. Serial blood samples were collected for measurement of serum PCT after each injection. Difference in median PCT concentration between serial time points was assessed using a mixed effects model.ResultsAfter LPS administration, blood pressure decreased and body temperature increased along with the development of lethargy, vomiting, and diarrhea. Procalcitonin was significantly increased compared to baseline by 2 hours after injection of LPS (median = 67.9 versus 172.8, range = 46.0‐74.1 versus 99.5‐295.9, P = .0002) and remained significantly increased for 12 hours (median = 205.9, range = 119.9‐297.4) with return to baseline by 48 hours. Procalcitonin was significantly higher than placebo 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours after injection. There were no significant differences in PCT between time 0 and any of the subsequent time points in the saline group.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceProcalcitonin expression is likely to be a clinically useful biomarker for sepsis in dogs and might have an additional role in prognostication and therapeutic decision‐making.
Inhibitory Control Skills and Language Acquisition in Toddlers and Preschool Children
Authors: Gandolfi Elena , Viterbori Paola 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, we explored the role of emerging inhibitory control skills in language acquisition in 62 typically developing children aged 24–32 months and investigated whether early inhibitory control skills are longitudinally associated with language outcome. Specifically, we focused on two different inhibitory processes that develop approximately at age 3, namely, response inhibition and interference suppression. At Time 1 children were administered five inhibitory control tasks and a language test; language abilities were also evaluated by means of a parent‐report questionnaire. Receptive morphosyntactic ability was assessed after 1 year (Time 2) in a subsample of 28 children. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis showed that all language production measures at Time 1, as well as later receptive morphosyntactic ability at Time 2, were significantly associated with the interference suppression score, even when early lexical and grammatical measures, age, and mother's education were included in the analysis.
Determining the age and possibility for an extraterrestrial impact formation mechanism of the Ilumetsa structures (Estonia)
Authors: Losiak A. , Jõeleht A. , Plado J. , Szyszka M. , Kirsimäe K. , Wild E. M. , Steier P. , Belcher C. M. , Jazwa A. M. , Helde R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Ilumetsa site, in Estonia, consists of two round, rimmed structures that are 725 m apart. The structures are listed as proven impact craters in the Impact Earth database, despite lack of commonly accepted, unequivocal proof of extraterrestrial collision identified at this location. We excavated trenches though the Ilumetsa Large and Ilumetsa Small structures and found small pieces of charcoal within the putative proximal ejecta in both structures, in a similar geological setting as previously identified charcoal in Kaali (Losiak et al. 2016) and Morasko craters (see Szokaluk et al. 2019). Our 14C dating of charcoal allowed us to conclude that these crater‐like features formed simultaneously between 7170 and 7000 cal. years bp, about 7 ka after deglaciation of this area. A ground penetrating radar survey of the nearby bog shows that no additional Ilumetsa structures bigger than 40 m exist. Geochemical studies of the ejecta and a search using a metal detector did not reveal any clear indication of extraterrestrial material. This suggests Ilumetsa may have been formed by an impact of stony‐iron or stony body, which got significantly weathered in a wet‐temperate climate. The mystery of the formation of the structures at Ilumetsa remains; however, due to significant circumstantial evidence discussed herein, we are confident to call it a “probable” impact site.
Feeling the heat at the millennium: Thermosensors playing with fire
Authors: Mandin Pierre , Johansson Jörgen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn outstanding question regards the ability of organisms to sense their environments and respond in a suitable way. Pathogenic bacteria in particular exploit host‐temperature sensing as a cue for triggering virulence gene expression. This micro‐review does not attempt to fully cover the field of bacterial thermosensors and in detail describe each identified case. Instead, the review focus on the time‐period at the end of the 1990's and beginning of the 2000's when several key discoveries were made, identifying protein, DNA and RNA as potential thermosensors controlling gene expression in several different bacterial pathogens in general and on the prfA thermosensor of Listeria monocytogenes in particular.
Structure and function of Listeria teichoic acids and their implications
Authors: Sumrall Eric T. , Keller Anja P. , Shen Yang , Loessner Martin J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTeichoic acids (TAs) are the most abundant glycopolymers in the cell wall of Listeria, an opportunistic Gram‐positive pathogen that causes severe foodborne infections. Two different structural classes of Listeria TA exist: the polyribitolphosphate‐based wall teichoic acid (WTA) that is covalently anchored to the peptidoglycan, and the polyglycerolphosphate‐based lipoteichoic acid (LTA) that is tethered to the cytoplasmic membrane. While TA polymers govern many important physiological processes, the diverse glycosylation patterns of WTA result in a high degree of surface variation across the species and serovars of Listeria, which in turn bestows varying effects on fitness, biofilm formation, bacteriophage susceptibility and virulence. We review the advances made over the past two decades, and our current understanding of the relationship between TA structure and function. We describe the various types of TA that have been structurally determined to date, and discuss the genetic determinants known to be involved in TA glycosylation. We elaborate on surface proteins functionally related to TA decoration, as well as the molecular and analytical tools used to probe TAs. We anticipate that the growing knowledge of the Listeria surface chemistry will also be exploited to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this pathogen.
Adolescent food insecurity: A review of contextual and behavioral factors
Authors: Dush Jennifer L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this review is to examine recent research on contextual and behavioral factors that will lead to better understanding of adolescent food insecurity and health outcomes.DesignA literature search for peer‐reviewed, English language, research articles published between 2009 and 2019, using CINAHL, Embase®, Pubmed, and the Cochrane Library.SampleThe final sample represents thirty studies on food insecurity with a sample including adolescents, and that employ a measure of food insecurity.ResultsVariables of interest and results on topics such as weight‐related factors, maternal parenting and behaviors, mental health, and adolescent‐level behavioral factors are summarized.ConclusionFood insecurity is associated with poor adolescent health and mental health. All adolescents should be screened for food insecurity, involving pediatric and mental health care settings. Future research on adolescent food insecurity should explore parent and parenting factors, household composition and family dynamics, psychological factors, health behaviors, and stress; peer influences might also be an important area of research with adolescents. While previous research has relied on parents’ reports, adolescents'experiences are unique, and they are willing and reliable research participants; they should be included in future food insecurity research.
Relationship between nursing students' levels of internet addiction, loneliness, and life satisfaction
Authors: Turan Nuray , Durgun Hanife , Kaya Hatice , Aştı Türkinaz , Yilmaz Yaren , Gündüz Gizem , Kuvan Dilek , Ertaş Gonca 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study examined nursing students' levels of Internet addiction, loneliness, and satisfaction with life.Design and MethodsThis descriptive, cross‐sectional study was conducted in included university involving 160 nursing students who completed an information form and the Internet addiction, UCLA Loneliness, and Satisfaction with Life Scales.FindingsNo significant correlation was found between students' Internet addiction, loneliness, and life satisfaction (P > .05). However, a significant positive correlation between loneliness and life satisfaction was observed (P < .05).Practice ImplicationsMeasures to raise students' awareness of Internet addiction and social activities to enhance communication skills and life satisfaction should be planned.
Mild hypertension protects the elderly from cognitive impairment: a 7‐year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Feng , Li Dai , Wang Lu , Zhu Jialin , Zhao Minghui , Lei Ping 
Published: January 2020

AimPeople with mild cognitive impairment have a high risk of converting to dementia. Previous studies have suggested that hypertension is implicated in the development of mild cognitive impairment, but such effect in people much older than 70 years may be quite different. The aim of the study was to reveal the relationship between hypertension and mild cognitive impairment risk in this age group.MethodsA total of 985 subjects were retrospectively enrolled from Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, and all of them were cognitively normal 7 years earlier. During these years, 134 subjects were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment according to the Mini‐Mental State Examination. Research data of all the subjects were collected from medical records.ResultsMultivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that compared with the subjects without hypertension, the subjects with grade 1 hypertension or duration <10 years showed a decreased risk of mild cognitive impairment (hazards ratio (HR): 0.54, 95%CI: 0.32–0.87; HR: 0.65, 95%CI: 0.40–0.99), and the subjects with grade 2–3 hypertension or duration ≥10 years had an increased risk of the disease (HR: 1.75, 95%CI: 1.25–2.42; HR: 1.52, 95%CI: 1.08–2.15). In addition, compared with the patients without hypertension, the patients taking angiotensin II receptor antagonists / angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors had an increased risk of the disease (HR: 1.91, 95%CI: 1.29–2.83).ConclusionIn subjects over 70 years old, short‐term and mild hypertension might be a protective factor for mild cognitive impairment and prevent them from such a disease.