bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Molecular Pairwise Relatedness in Autopolyploid Crops
Authors: Amadeu Rodrigo R , Lara Leticia A C , Munoz Patricio , Garcia Antonio A F 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA suitable pairwise relatedness estimation is key to genetic studies. Several methods are proposed to compute relatedness in autopolyploids based on molecular data. However, unlike diploids, autopolyploids still need further studies considering scenarios with many linked molecular markers with known dosage. In this study, we provide guidelines for plant geneticists and breeders to access trustworthy pairwise relatedness estimates. To this end, we simulated populations considering different ploidy levels, meiotic pairings patterns, number of loci and alleles, and inbreeding levels. Analysis were performed to access the accuracy of distinct methods and to demonstrate the usefulness of molecular marker in practical situations. Overall, our results suggest that at least 100 effective biallelic molecular markers are required to have good pairwise relatedness estimation if methods based on correlation is used. For this number of loci, current methods based on multiallelic markers show lower performance than biallelic ones. To estimate relatedness in cases of inbreeding or close relationships (as parent-offspring, full-sibs, or half-sibs) is more challenging. Methods to estimate pairwise relatedness based on molecular markers, for different ploidy levels or pedigrees were implemented in the AGHmatrix R package.
Gene Copy Number Variation Does Not Reflect Structure or Environmental Selection in Two Recently Diverged California Populations of Suillus brevipes
Authors: Bazzicalupo Anna L , Thomas Mallory , Mason Robert , Munro-Ehrlich  , Branco Sara 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Gene copy number variation across individuals has been shown to track population structure and be a source of adaptive genetic variation with significant fitness impacts. In this study, we report opposite results for both predictions based on the analysis of gene copy number variants (CNVs) of Suillus brevipes, a mycorrhizal fungus adapted to coastal and montane habitats in California. In order to assess whether gene copy number variation mirrored population structure and selection in this species, we investigated two previously studied locally adapted populations showing a highly differentiated genomic region encompassing a gene predicted to confer salt tolerance. In addition, we examined whether copy number in the genes related to salt homeostasis was differentiated between the two populations. Although we found many instances of CNV regions across the genomes of S. brevipes individuals, we also found CNVs did not recover population structure and known salt-tolerance-related genes were not under selection across the coastal population. Our results contrast with predictions of CNVs matching single-nucleotide polymorphism divergence and showed CNVs of genes for salt homeostasis are not under selection in S. brevipes.
Early Proterozoic Basic Magmatism in the South Siberian Postcollisional Magmatic Belt (by the Example of the Ust’-Ignok Massif in the Urik–Iya Graben)
Authors: Donskaya T.V. , Gladkochub D.P. , Mazukabzov A.M. , Lepekhina E.N. , L’vov P.A. , Demonterova E.I. , Motova Z.L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
—We performed geological, geochronological, geochemical, and isotope-geochemical studies of igneous rocks of the Ust’-Ignok gabbrodiorite massif in the Urik–Iya graben of the Siberian craton and summarized the obtained and published data on early Proterozoic mafic igneous rocks in the South Siberian postcollisional magmatic belt. It has been established that the Ust’-Ignok massif is composed of rocks of the continuous series from biotite gabbro via gabbrodiorites and diorites to quartz diorites. U–Pb zircon dating of quartz diorites of the Ust’-Ignok massif yielded an age of 1836 ± 10 Ma, i.e., the massif rocks might have originated at the final stage of the formation of the South Siberian postcollisional magmatic belt. The rocks of the Ust’-Ignok massif are of normal and medium alkalinity. All igneous rocks from gabbro to quartz diorites show distinct negative anomalies of Nb–Ta and Ti in their multielement patterns, and their εNd(T) values vary from +0.3 to –0.9. The geochemical indicator ratios in the gabbroids point to insignificant contamination of their source with continental-crust material and to their formation through the melting of an enriched lithospheric-mantle source. Gabbrodiorites–quartz diorites of the Ust’-Ignok massif resulted, most likely, from the fractional crystallization of gabbroids. Analysis of the geochemical and isotope characteristics of mafic igneous rocks of the South Siberian postcollisional magmatic belt shows that most of them resulted from the melting of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle with suprasubductional geochemical features. This mantle might have formed during subduction processes preceding the formation of the Siberian craton.
The Anyue Giant Gas Field in the Sichuan Basin as the Largest Gas Field in Marine Carbonate Deposits from Domestic China
Authors: Wei G. , Du J. , Zou C. , Xu C. , Yang W. , Xie W. , Wu S. , Wang Z. , Su N. , Ma S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
—The Anyue gas field is located in the middle part of the Sichuan Basin, SW China. It occurs in the oldest marine carbonate strata and is characterized by the highest degree of thermal evolution and the largest gas reserves in China. A significant breakthrough was made with the Gaoshi-1 risk-taking exploration well deployed in 2011. As of 2015, the proven geologic reserves of natural gas were 657.4 billion m3, and the total gas reserves including proven reserves, controlled reserves, and predicted reserves exceeded 1.5 trillion m3. A total of three sets of gas-bearing strata are developed in the Anyue gas field in a descending sequence: The gas reservoir in the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation (Є1l) is treated as a structure-lithologic gas reservoir; the gas reservoir in Section No. 4 of the Dengying Formation (Z2dn4) is a structure-stratigraphic gas reservoir; and the gas reservoir in Section No. 2 of the Dengying Formation (Z2dn2) is a structural gas reservoir. A comparative analysis of the gas sources has shown that the gas Cambrian of reservoirs was mainly from mudshale of the lower Cambrian Maidiping and Qiongzhusi formations and the gas of the Dengying Formation reservoirs was from mudshale of the Qiongzhusi Formation and mudstone of Section No. 3 of the Dengying Formation. All gas reservoirs are referred to as reservoirs of dry gas with medium or low contents of sulfur and medium contents of CO2. Gas reservoirs in Є1l are characterized by a large burial depth, a high temperature, and a high pressure, while the gas reservoirs in Z2dn2 and Z2dn4 are characterized by an ultralarge depth, a high temperature, and a normal pressure. The accumulation of gas reservoirs is controlled mainly by two factors. The distribution of hydrocarbon generation centers is controlled by the late Sinian–early Cambrian intracratonic rift, which acts as effective updip sealing conditions for gas reservoirs in the Dengying Formation. The late Sinian–early Cambrian Gaoshiti–Moxi paleouplift experienced a long-term inherited development, which controlled the generation and distribution of three sets of large-scale high-quality reservoirs in Z2dn4, Z2dn2, and the Longwangmiao Formation and the generation of three sets of high-quality reservoir–caprock assemblages. An inherited giant structural trap with a longterm stable development is always a favorable zone for petroleum accumulation.
PATHOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SEED-BORNE BACTERIA "PANTOEA SPP., XANTHOMONAS SPP. AND PSEUDOMONAS SPP." FROM SOLANACEOUS PLANTS IN EGYPT
Authors: Ashmawy Nader Abdelwahab , Shoeib Alia A. , Youssef Hanan F. B. , Mahmoud Said M. 
Published: October 2020

The seed-borne bacterial diseases of family solanaceae cause significant economic losses worldwide. In the present study, fourteen bacterial isolates were recovered from seeds of different varieties of tomato, eggplant, black nightshade and tobacco. The seed samples were collected from different locations in Egypt. Isolated bacteria were identified based on morphological, physiological and biochemical tests as well as colonial morphology aspects on the differential medium, yeast extract dextrose calcium carbonate (YDC) besides the selective media (PA 20, King's B and Tween B). Pathogenicity of the isolated bacteria was assessed for causing graywall, bacterial speck and bacterial spot symptoms on tomato seedlings. Disease symptoms were recognized on leaves and stems of the inoculated seedlings. Re-isolation from collected seeds of the inoculated tomato plants was performed. Results indicated that Pantoea spp. was an endophytic bacteria, Pseudomonas spp. was an epiphytic bacteria, while Xanthomonas spp. was both epiphytic and endophytic bacteria. Furthermore, cellular fatty acids composition were identified and quantified to give a profile for tested bacterial isolates. Moreover, the bacterial isolates were identified at the molecular level via PCR reactions utilizing the 16S rRNA gene. Partial DNA sequences were analyzed using BLAST tool revealed that the inferred 16S rRNA partial sequences of the 7 isolates showed similarity to Pantoea ananatis (3 isolates), Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (2 isolates) and Xanthomonas vesicatoria (2 isolates). To the best of our knowledge the bacterium associated with the graywall seems to be first report of P. ananatis isolated from tomato fruits and black nightshade seeds in Egypt.
Kollegaveiledning i “Teacher support teams”
Authors: Eik Liv Torunn , Lyberg Anne , Wittek Anne Line 
Published: October 2020

Studien omhandler erfaringer med kollegaveiledning i «Teacher support teams» (TST) ved et norsk universitet. Hensikten var å undersøke om veiledning i slike team kan være en egnet metode for profesjonskvalifisering hos lærere i høyere utdanning. Forskningsspørsmålene er:

Hvilke utfordringer og temaer blir tatt opp i teamene?
Hvilket læringsutbytte rapporterer universitetslærerne fra sin deltakelse?

Studien har et kvalitativt og utforskende design og bygger på fire fokusgruppeintervjuer med 16 deltakere fra to ulike fakulteter. Resultatene viser at arbeid i TST fører til kollektiv læring og mindre faglig isolasjon. Lærerne gir uttrykk for stort læringsutbytte. Deltakere i grupper på tvers av fakultetene er mest fornøyd. Studien konkluderer med at kollegial veiledning kan være en egnet metode for læreres profesjonskvalifisering og for kvalitetsutvikling i høyere utdanning og skape motvekt til den individuelle kulturen som ofte preger undervisningsarbeidet.
Diversidad y rasgos funcionales de orquídeas terrestres en bosques de un área natural protegida del noreste de México
Authors: Baltazar Samantha , Solano Rodolfo 
Published: October 2020

Antecedentes:Los rasgos funcionales de las plantas se relacionan con sus estrategias adaptativas y son importantes en la diversidad de sus ecosistemas, pero han sido poco estudiados. Por sus adaptaciones en los ambientes estacionales, las orquídeas terrestres son un modelo para estudiar las relaciones entre diversidad taxonómica y funcional con el ambiente.
Preguntas: ¿Cómo cambia la diversidad de orquídeas y sus rasgos funcionales entre tipos de vegetación? ¿Los rasgos funcionales permiten reconocer grupos de orquídeas? ¿La diversidad y rasgos funcionales de orquídeas se asocian con variables ambientales?
Sitio y años de estudio: La Reserva de la Biosfera El Cielo, enero 2016 a enero 2017.
Métodos: Se registró riqueza, abundancia y rasgos funcionales de orquídeas terrestres, así como variables ambientales en tres tipos de vegetación, estimando diversidad verdadera y funcional y recambio de especies. Se analizó la variación en rasgos funcionales para identificar grupos funcionales; se evaluaron las relaciones entre diversidad, rasgos funcionales y variables ambientales.
Resultados: El bosque mesófilo de montaña y de pino-encino presentaron mayor diversidad verdadera, recambio de especies y diversidad funcional que el bosque tropical subcaducifolio. Se reconocieron tres grupos funcionales determinados por rasgos asociados a la acumulación y conservación de reservas. La diversidad taxonómica y funcional se relacionó con temperatura, humedad y densidad del dosel. No hubo relación entre riqueza y abundancia con diversidad funcional.
Conclusiones: La diversidad taxonómica no determina la diversidad funcional; ambientes sometidos a mayor estrés ambiental presenta mayor diversidad funcional. La composición de grupos funcionales evidencia eventos de convergencia en rasgos funcionales.
Biological activity and flavonoid profile of five species of the Bursera genus
Authors: Sánchez Ma. Beatriz , García Ana María , Contreras José Luis , Torres David Eduardo , San Miguel Rubén , Guevara Patricia 
Published: October 2020

Background: The genus Bursera Jacq. ex. L. concentrates its diversity in Mexico. Among the secondary metabolites that can be isolated from organic its extracts are flavonoids and lignans.
Research question: Do the biological activity of the hydroalcoholic extracts from five Bursera species studied depend on their flavonoid content?
Study site: Oaxaca, Mexico.
Methods: The extracts of B. aptera Ramírez, B. fagaroides (Kunth) Engl., B. schlechtendalii Engl., B. galeottiana Engl., B. morelensis Ramírez were analyzed by High Resolution Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to determine their flavonoid composition. The antiradical DPPH, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the extracts were determined.
Results: Phlorizin and quercetin were conserved in both stems and leaves of the five species studied. The phloretin was present only in the leaves of B. aptera .
The highest antibacterial activity was observed against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Salmonella typhimurium by the extracts of leaves of B. aptera (MIC 0.002 mg/mL) and the stems of B. fagaroides (MIC 0.015 mg/mL). The extract of stems of B. morelensis against Fusarium boothii presented the highest antifungal effect (lower than 50 ?g/mL). The anti-inflammatory activity of B. fagaroides was 51.24 % edema inhibition (1 mg/ear) compare to 78.76 % of indomethacin (0.358 mg/ear).
Conclusion: The presence of flavonoids in five species studied suggests the richness of these compounds in Bursera genus. The biological activities studied indicated the potential medicinal use of these species and the role that the flavonoids play in plant physiology.
Morfoanatomía de las fases de desarrollo del sicono de Ficus tuerckheimii (subg. Spherosuke , sect. Americanae, Moraceae)
Authors: Delgado-Pérez Gabriela , Vázquez-Santana Sonia , Cornejo-Tenorio Guadalupe , Ibarra-Manriquez Guillermo 
Published: October 2020

Antecedentes: El género Ficus incluye aproximadamente 850 especies, distribuidas en zonas tropicales de todo el mundo y para un bajo número de ellas, se ha descrito el desarrollo del sicono. El presente estudio aborda este tópico, caracterizando los cambios morfo-anatómicos del sicono de F . tuerckheimii .
Pregunta: ¿Las fases de desarrollo del sicono de F . tuerckheimii difieren en sus atributos morfo-anatómicos?
Especies de estudio: F . tuerckheimii (Moraceae).
Sitio y años de estudio: Veracruz, México (2018-2019).
Métodos: Se recolectaron siconos para describir la morfología, anatomía, color y tamaño en las diferentes fenofases de su desarrollo. Los siconos se fijaron para ser procesados e incluidos en paraplast y descritos mediante microscopía de luz o microscopía electrónica de barrido.
Resultados: Las fases de desarrollo difirieron en tamaño, así como en el color de la pared siconial y del ostíolo, particularmente en las fases más críticas de su interacción con polinizadores o dispersores (fases B, D y E). Las brácteas externas del ostíolo y el anillo ostiolar presentaron tricomoides; en la parte externa y basal del anillo ostiolar se registraron osmóforos. El registro de peines coxales y corbículas en la avispa hembra de Pegoscapus sp. indica que realiza una polinización activa .
Conclusiones: Las características morfoanatómicas de las fases de desarrollo del sicono en F . tuerckheimii son similares a las documentadas en otras especies del género. Sin embargo, existen diversos aspectos que deben explorarse con más detalle, con el objeto de determinar su similitud con otras poblaciones en las que se distribuye la especie en México y Centroamérica.
Textbook: an Analysis in the Light of the Ontosemiotic Focus on Rational Numbers
Authors: Carpes Patricia Pujol Goulart , Bisognin Eleni 
Published: October 2020

Background: Many teachers consider the textbook the primary guide for the curriculum materialisation. This work analyses the content of the rational numbers in a textbook used in the 7th-grade of elementary school. For this analysis, the theoretical and methodological tools of the Ontosemiotic Approach to Knowledge and Mathematical Instruction (OSA) are used. Objective: Our goal was to understand the level of didactic suitability of the instruction process in the textbook. Design and setting: Thus, we analysed a section of the textbook about rational numbers using the categories described by OSA. Concepts, procedures, problem situations, definitions and arguments used by the authors were also analysed. Results: From the results obtained, we could infer that there are examples of the concepts worked in class, but without the proper definitions and arguments, hindering generalisation. The analysis also allowed us to highlight didactic-mathematical knowledge that can guide the teacher concerning the textbooks' possibilities and limitations, to achieve more didactic suitability in the process of teaching and learning rational numbers. Conclusions: the book under study should not be considered as planning for an instructional process to meet the current curriculum guidelines.
Predicting intrauterine fetal infection risk in extremely preterm and early preterm births induced by rupture of the amniotic membranes
Authors: Shadeeva Yu. A. , Guryeva V. A. , Nikolaeva M. G. , Evtushenko N. V. 
Published: October 2020

Aim: developing a prognostic model for intrauterine fetal infection risk in extremely preterm and early preterm births induced by rupture of the amniotic membranes.Materials and Methods. A single-center prospective cohort study was conducted aimed at studying features of pregnancy and childbirth in 160 patients with extremely preterm and early preterm births induced by rupture of the amniotic membranes as well as neonatal period of 160 neonates. Two groups were distinguished: the main group – 37 patients with intrauterine neonatal infection and the comparison group – 123 women without signs of neonatal infection. Along with examination regulated by the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 572 n, serum level of highly sensitive C-reactive protein, pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 were assessed in patients. Risk factors (predictors) of intrauterine infection were assessed by analyzing anamnesis data, echography and laboratory assay data.Results. Multivariate logistic regression analysis allowed us to identify 10 predictors of intrauterine fetal infection based on which a mathematical model was developed that allowed to predict a risk of intrauterine fetal infection in 95.7 % of cases.Conclusion. Using a model for predicting intrauterine infection based on a comprehensive predictor assessment, it may allow to accomplish a personalized approach to justify adequate obstetric care and reduce adverse infection-associated perinatal outcomes.
The use of chromosomal microarray analysis for diagnostics of chromosomal pathology in fetal central nervous system malformations
Authors: Kievskaya J. K. , Kanivets I. V. , Kudryavtseva E. V. , Pyankov D. V. , Korostelev S. A. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction. The prevalence of congenital malformations (CMFs) in fetal central nervous system (CNS) ranges from 1.5 to 3 % and covers around 29 % among all malformations, whereas percentage in the structure of perinatal and infant mortality reaches 25–26 %.Aim: to estimate frequency of pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) in fetuses with congenital malformations of CNS and normal karyotyping cytogenetic analysis.Materials and Methods. There were enrolled 42 pregnant women underwent invasive prenatal diagnostics in 2013–2019 due to ultrasound detection of congenital CNS defect in fetus. Fetal samples were studied by using chromosome microarray analysis (CMA).Results. Various pathogenic CNVs were detected in 7 (16.6 %) fetuses with prenatally diagnosed congenital CNS malformations. Non-syndrome pathogenic CNVs were detected in 85.7 %.Conclusion. Thus, performing chromosome microarray analysis as the first-line assay allows to diagnose not only aneuploidy, but also microdeletion/microduplication, the size of which below resolution threshold for standard cytogenetic karyotyping
SOIL CHEMISTRY TRENDS
Authors: Vodianitsky Yu. 
Published: October 2020

In modern soil chemistry, four main directions are being actively developed: 1) chemistry of organic matter, 2) biochemical processes in soils, 3) chemical basis of soil protection, 4) soil study aschemical membrane and a pool of chemical elements. Interest to the study of organic matter, soil contamination and the role of soil as a chemical component of the environment reflects pragmatic trends in modern soil chemistry. Many advances in soil chemistry are now associated with the use of new nonspecific methods of analysis, primarily physical ones. The greatest progress has been made inidentification of individual chemical compounds in soil when using synchrotron X-ray technology.