bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amelioration of phlorizin-induced autotoxicity in Malus hupehensis by rhizobium
Authors: Ren Cheng-Gang , xie zhi-hong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Phlorizin can cause autotoxic reaction in apple plant, resulting in severe yield losses. It is noted that rhizobium can both degrade phenolic compounds and form mutually beneficial relationships with non-legumes. However, phenolic-degrading rhizobia have rarely been studied for its potential to alleviate the autotoxicity in apple plant.Results: The aim of this study is to determine the capability of phenolic-degrading rhizobia for eliminate the toxic effects caused by phlorizin in Malus hupehensis. Results showed bioaugmentation with rhizobial strain y5077 not only efficiently degrades phlorizin, but also eliminates growth inhibition caused by phlorizin. Rhizobia inoculation enhanced melatonin accumulations and reduced H2O2 and malondialdehyde production. Meantime, activities of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of genes in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle were maintained at a lower level under phlorizin stress. In addition, exogenous melatonin treatment abolished the induction of antioxidant enzymes by phlorizin. The results showed that rhizobia inoculation could alleviate phlorizin-induced oxidative stress by inducing melatonin production.Conclusions: The facts suggested phenolic-degrading rhizobia might be exploited for soil bioremediation in autotoxic apple orchard.
Factors influencing sedentary behaviours after stroke: findings from qualitative observations and interviews with stroke survivors and their caregivers
Authors: Hall Jennifer , Morton Sarah , Fitzsimons Claire F , Hall Jessica Faye , Corepal Rekesh , English Coralie , Forster Anne , Lawton Rebecca , Patel Anita , Mead Gillian , Clarke David J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Stroke survivors are highly sedentary. Interventions are needed to encourage a reduction in overall sedentary time, and regular breaks in prolonged periods of sedentary behaviour. This study captured the views and experiences of stroke survivors and their caregivers related to sedentary behaviour after stroke, to inform the development of an intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour. Methods: Mixed-methods qualitative study. Non-participant observations were completed in two stroke services, inclusive of inpatient and community settings in the United Kingdom. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with stroke survivors and their caregivers (if available) at six- or nine-months post-stroke. Underpinned by the capability, opportunity and motivation (COM-B) model of behaviour change, observational data (132 hours) were analysed thematically and interview data (n=31 stroke survivors, n=12 caregivers) were analysed using the Framework approach. Findings: Six themes related to sedentary behaviour after stroke were generated: (1) sedentary behaviour levels and patterns after stroke; (2) the physical and social environment in the stroke service and in the home; (3) standing and movement capability after stroke; (4) emotion and motivation after stroke; (5) caregivers’ influence on, and role in influencing stroke survivors’ sedentary behaviour; and (6) intervening to reduce sedentary behaviour after stroke. Capability, opportunity and motivation were influenced by the impact of the stroke and caregivers’ inclination to support sedentary behaviour reduction. Stroke survivors reported being more sedentary than they were pre-stroke due to impaired balance and co-ordination, increased fatigue, and reduced confidence in mobilising. Caregivers inclination to support stroke survivors to reduce sedentary behaviour depended on factors including their willingness to withdraw from the caregiver role, and their perception of whether the stroke survivor would act on their encouragement. Conclusions: Many stroke survivors indicate being open to reducing sedentary behaviour, with appropriate support from stroke service staff and caregivers. The findings from this study have contributed to an intervention development process using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) approach [1] to develop strategies to reduce sedentary behaviour after stroke.
Pertussis outbreak investigation of Dara Malo district, Gamo Administrative Zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Mitiku Aychiluhim Damtew , Argaw Mesele Damte , Desta Binyam Fekadu , Tsegaye Zergu Taffesse , Atsa Afework Ayele , Tefera Bekele Belayihun , Teferi Ephreme , Rogers Deirdre , Ali Ismael , Gebeyehu Asrat , Anjulo Desta , Abate Derebe Tadesse , Sendeku Agegnehu Gebru , Mulowa Rudzani 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: The aim of this outbreak investigation was to verify and describe a pertussis outbreak in the Dara Malo district of Ethiopia. Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using district Public Health Emergency and Management (PHEM) surveillance data and outbreak management field reports. Stratified attack rates and fatality for pertussis are described. Systemic problems leading to the outbreak are explored and narrated. A modified CDC pertussis case definition was employed with polymerase chain reaction used to confirm cases. Results: From September 2018 to January 2019, 1840 suspected, probable and confirmed pertussis cases and six deaths were identified. Pertussis cases ranged from 1 month to 51 years in age and outbreak occurred in 14 out of the 24 villages of Dara Malo district. The overall attack rate was 1708 per 100,000 population with a fatality rate of 3.3 per 1,000 pertussis cases. The highest attack rate of 12,689/100,000 was seen in infants. Investigations suggest low vaccine coverage and cold chain management system leading to low vaccine potency as the most likely reason for the outbreak. in these community were: low pentavalent three vaccination coverage and non- functional. In addition, poor implementation of surveillance programs, poor health seeking behavior of the community may have led to delayed and suboptimal responses to the outbreak. Conclusion: There is an urgent need to build capacity to strengthen routine vaccination services capacitate health workers to manage outbreaks. In addition, improving the maintenance of cold chain must be prioritised. Other LMICs, are urged to take lessons learnt from this outbreak and strengthen their own vaccination programs.
Actor and Partner Effects of Parenting Stress and Co-parenting of Parents of Children with Atopic Dermatitis on Marital Conflict: Multiple-group Analysis Based on Mother’s Employment Status
Authors: Han Jeong Won , LEE HANNA 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective This study aims to determine the effect of parenting stress and co-parenting on marital conflict and the actor and partner effects of parental variables and to identify the control effect based on the mother’s employment status. Method In this study, among all children who participated in the panel study and health questionnaire survey, 161 fathers and 161 mothers raising seven-year-old children recently treated for atopic dermatitis for 12 months were selected as the final study participants. Results The father’s parenting stress had an actor and a partner effect on the co-parenting, and the mother’s parenting stress had an actor and a partner effect on the co-parenting. The father’s parenting stress only had an actor effect on the marital conflict(β=.32, p<.001). The father’s co-parenting had an actor(β=-.29, p<.001) and a partner effect(β=-.22, p<.001) on the marital conflict, and the mother’s co-parenting had an actor(β=-.39, p<.001) and a partner(β=-.19, p<.001) effect on the marital conflict. There were statistically significant differences between two groups in terms of the path coefficient of the father’s parenting stress affecting father’s marital conflict, path coefficient of the father’s co-parenting affecting father’s marital conflict, and path coefficient of the mother’s co-parenting affecting father’s marital conflict Conclusions This study is meaningful in providing basic data for the development of an atopic dermatitis family management program by investigating the actor and partner effects of parenting stress and co-parenting on marital conflict as well as the control effect based on the mother’s employment status.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound May Be Useful for Detecting Pediatric Intussusception at an Early Stage
Authors: Lee Jeong-Yong , Kim Jung Heon , Choi Seung Jun , Lee Jong Seung , Ryu Jeong-Min 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to verify the usefulness of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) performed by pediatric emergency physicians for detecting intussusception at an early stage. Methods: This retrospective study included 1-month- to 6-year-old children who underwent POCUS for the detection of intussusception in the pediatric emergency department between December 2016 and February 2018. The criteria for performing POCUS were set to lower standards wherein POCUS was performed in the presence of any one of the following symptoms: intermittent abdominal pain, bloody stool, ≥2 causes of nonspecific abdominal pain, abdominal mass, vomiting, or lethargy. POCUS results were interpreted and categorized as “negative” or “suspicious,” and a radiologist performed confirmatory ultrasound in “suspicious” cases. Results: We analyzed 575 POCUS scans from 549 patients (mean age, 25.5 months). Among the 92 “suspicious” cases (16.0%), 70 (12.2%) were confirmed to have intussusception. POCUS showed 100% sensitivity, 95.6% specificity, and 97.8% accuracy. Patients with confirmed intussusception were mainly diagnosed in the early stages, with a mean symptom duration of 11.7 hours, and most patients (97.1%) were treated successfully via air enema reduction. Compared to the non-intussusception group, the intussusception group had more intermittent abdominal pain (P < 0.001), but less vomiting (P = 0.001); the other clinical features showed no intergroup differences. Conclusion: POCUS performed using the criteria set to lower standards by pediatric emergency physicians may be useful for detecting intussusception at an early stage, which may present with obscure clinical symptoms.
Association of acute kidney injury with readmissions after hospitalization for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A population-based study
Authors: Hirayama Atsushi , Goto Tadahiro , Hasegawa Kohei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background and Aim Little is known about the relationship between acute kidney injury (AKI) and outcomes after acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). We aimed to investigate associations between AKI and readmission risk after hospitalization for AECOPD.Methods A retrospective, population-based cohort study using State Inpatient Databases from seven U.S. states (Arkansas, California, Florida, Iowa, Nebraska, New York, and Utah) from 2010 through 2013. We identified all adults (aged ≥40 years) hospitalized for AECOPD during the study period. Among them, we further identified patients with a concurrent diagnosis of AKI. The outcome measures were any-cause readmissions within 30 days and 90 days after hospitalization for AECOPD. To determine associations between AKI and readmission risk, we constructed Cox proportional hazards models examining the time-to-readmission. Additionally, we also identified the primary reason of readmission.Results We identified 356,990 patients hospitalized for AECOPD. The median age was 71 years and 41.9% were male. Of these, 24,833 (7.0%) had a concurrent diagnosis of AKI. Overall, patients with AKI had significantly higher risk of 30-day all-cause readmission compared to those without AKI (hazard ratio 1.47; 95% CI 1.43-1.51; P<0.001). Likewise, patients with AKI had significantly higher risk of 90-day all-cause readmission compared to those without AKI (hazard ratio 1.35; 95% CI 1.32-1.38; P<0.001). These associations remained significant after adjustment for confounders (both, P<0.05). Additionally, patients with AKI were likely to readmitted for non-respiratory reasons including sepsis, acute renal failure, and congestive heart failure.Conclusions Among patients hospitalized for AECOPD, patients with AKI were at higher risk of 30-day and 90-day readmission compared to those without AKI, with non-respiratory reasons.
The association between kidney function decline and hearing loss: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Wenwen , Meng Qinqin , Wang Yafeng , Yang Chao , Liu Lili , Wang Huaiyu , Su Zaiming , Kong Guilan , Zhao Yaohui , Zhang Luxia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background The relationship between kidney function and hearing loss has long been recognized, but evidence mostly come from small observational studies. The aim of this study is to explore the association between kidney function decline and hearing loss in a large population-based study.Methods Data collected in the Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2015 was used for analysis. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 12508 participants aged 45 years and older. Hearing loss, the outcome of this study, was defined based on interviewees’ responses to three survey questions about hearing in the CHARLS study. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was employed to assess kidney function, and participants were classified into three categories based on eGFR: ≥ 90, 60-89 and < 60 mL/min/1.73m2. Multivariable Logistic regression was employed to adjust for potential confounders, including demographics, health related behaviors, and cardiovascular risk factors.Results The overall prevalence of self-reported hearing loss in the study population was 23.55%. Compared with participants having eGFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73m2, there was an increased risk of hearing loss among those participants with eGFR of 60-89 mL/min/1.73m2 (odds ratio: 1.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.22) and eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 (odds ratio: 1.26, 95% confidence interval: 1.05-1.51) after adjusting for potential confounders.Conclusions Kidney function decline was independently associated with hearing loss. Testing for hearing should be included in the integrated management among patients with chronic kidney disease.
Increased Minimum Alveolar Concentration-Awake of Sevoflurane in Women of Breast Surgery with Sleep Disorders
Authors: cao yuanyuan , zhang lei , peng xiaohui , wu yun , zhang qunlin , gu erwei , zhang ye 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background. Sleep disorders are commonly encountered in clinic. Evidences showed that sleep deprivation may modulate the effectiveness of general anesthetics in rats. However, this phenomenon has not been explored in humans. The study aimed to investigate whether the hypnotic potency of sevoflurane in patients with sleep disorders differ from patients with normal sleep habits.
Methods. We recruited 44 patients scheduled for elective breast surgery and eventually analyzed 38 patients, including 19 subjects with normal sleep habits and 19 subjects with sleep disorders. According to the Dixon ‘up-and-down’ design, patients received sevoflurane at preselected concentrations starting at 1.0 vol%. After a steady-state period, a verbal command for testing awakening was performed. Based on the negative or positive response to the verbal command, we decreased or increased the concentration of sevoflurane by 0.2 vol% in the next patient accordingly. Plasma orexin-A was also measured before observation.
Results. The MACawake of sevoflurane was 0.80% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.683–0.926%] in the sleep disordered group vs 0.60% [95% CI, 0.493–0.689%] in the control group. The relative median potency between groups was 0.750 (95% CI, 0.236–0.969). Patients with sleep disorders had significantly higher orexin-A levels than control (72.17 ± 18.24 vs. 36.16 ± 14.18 pg/mL). A significant, positive relationship was detected between orexin-A level and probability of awakening (OR = 1.081, 95% CI is 1.020–1.146, P = 0.008).
Conclusions. MACawake of sevoflurane is higher in mild-aged women of breast surgery with sleep disorders compared to those with normal sleep habits. The increased anesthetic requirement may be related to changes of orexin-A levels. These findings suggest that sleep may have a potential impact on clinical anesthesia, including changes of sensitivity to anesthetics or postoperative complications. Further research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.Clinical Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1800016022), date of registration 07 May 2018
Keywords: Sevoflurane; MACawake (minimum alveolar concentration of awake); orexin-A; sleep disorders
Heavy Metal Resistance by Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Guava (Psidium Guajava) and Mango (Mangifera Indica) Leaves
Authors: Riskuwa-Shehu Maryam Lami , Ismail Haruna Yahaya , Ijah Udem Joshua Josiah 
Published: November 2019

Heavy metal resistant bacteria are widespread in nature and their application in decontamination of polluted ecosystems is promising. In this study, ability of endophytic bacteria isolated from Psidium guajava (Guava) and Mangifera indica (Mango) for heavy metal resistance was assessed. Leaves samples form the two plants were collected and processed according to the standard laboratory practices. Heavy metals were analyzed using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Endophytic bacteria were isolated and identified using morphological and biochemical characteristics; heavy metal resistance was determined by plate dilution method. Heavy metal analysis revealed that the leaves samples contained considerable quantities of Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) ranging from 1.21±1.6 mg/Kg (for Cd in Guava leaves) to 116.58±1.3 mg/Kg (for Mn in Mango leaves). A total of six bacterial species were isolated from both of the plants leaves (3 each). Guava endophytes were identified as Streptococcus sp, Staphylococcus albus and Staphylococcus seiuri whereas Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus xylulose and Staphylococcus intermedius were from Mango leaves. The identified isolates were tested for ability to resist heavy metals in-vitro and were capable of showing different patterns of resistance to MnCl2, PbCl2 and CdCl2. All the endophytes were highly resistant to PbCl2 followed by MnCl2 but susceptible to CdCl2. The ability of plants and bacterial endophytes understudy to tolerate or resist heavy metals is a good indication of their phytoremediation potentials and thus, should be harnessed.
Homogeneous / Heterogeneous Structure and Forms of Dialectics
Authors: Kumsar Bahar Gokcen 
Published: November 2019

The notion of utopia which is came from ancient to the present day in a historical perspective as an unreal place and which is intended to reach to perfection by the effect of social realities could not provide the critical environment necessitated for the 20th-century problems. Patriarchy, capitalism, colonialism and other realities which hold on in historical perspective touch the formations of gender, race or class consciousness off around feminist theory, and they make them the focus of the epoch. The narratives of the late 20th century rather than search for the ideal, achieve perfection, they destroy all positions not only search for those who are different from all positions but also aim to create a critical environment by seeing the irreducible together.Michel Foucault draws attention to fantastic, untroubled and homogeneous structure of the concept of utopia and liken utopias to the flowing order with the distinctive features of the language. The late 20th century formations and the environment required by these formations are expressed as the desire to construct polyphonic, heterogeneous environments and he defines these environments as heterotopia. If the narratives of the ancient period are discussed through the concept of utopia, the narratives of the late 20th century are discussed through the concept of heterotopia that is a new formation pointed out by Foucault, the texts of different periods which exhibit structurally very different positions (homogeneous and heterogeneous) are structured by collaborating on dialectical thinking. Dialectical thought continues to exist on the basis of the way of thinking both in the late 20th century narratives and in ancient texts. Getting a foothold of vague, ambiguous, transient forms which exist in the environment to human thoughts provides clues about dialectics. The human creates a series of binary oppositions, during thinking in order to find meaning in it with the motivation of rationalization. This study aims to trace different forms of dialectical thought through the texts of the different epoch (homogeneous / heterogeneous), which exhibited very different stances from each other.Considering the structural differences between antiquity and late 20th century texts, how do the limitlessness and limits of dialectical thought between binaries play a role in the construction of these differences (homogeneous/ heterogeneous)? For highlighting these differences, the narrative of The Republic of Plato as a homogeneous text is examined comparatively with the late 20th-century heterogeneous text of Triton with regard to fictionalizing dialectics over sex / gender binary opposition which is the notional focus of the late 20th-century.
Synthesis and characterization of a new magnetic adsorbent for removal of 4-nitrophenol: application of response surface methodology
Authors: Gholamnia Reza , Abtahi Mehrnoosh , Saeedi Reza , Khaloo Shokooh Sadat 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Magnetic modified graphene oxide was synthesized as a new modified magnetic nano-composite (MMNC) by a simple sonochemical–hydrothermal method. The sonochemical reaction was employed to exfoliate, functionalize and decorate neomycin on graphene oxide sheets. Nickel ferromagnetic particles were synthesized by hydrothermal co-precipitation method and decorated on neomycin-modified graphene oxide. The morphology and chemical structure of MMNC were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. The adsorption capability of MMNC for removal of phenolic compounds was assessed through adsorption of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) from aqueous solution. The three-factor Box–Behnken design coupled with response surface method was applied to evaluate and optimize the important variables which affect the adsorption process. A significant quadratic model (p-value &lt;0.05, R2(adj) = 0.9593) was derived using analysis of variance. The maximum adsorption capacity of 125.4 mg 4-NP/g MMNC at pH 6 was obtained, which was comparable in some cases and higher than most adsorbents reported in the literature. The presence of neomycin on graphene oxide sheets improved the maximum adsorption capacity of the nano-sorbent up to 28% (from 98.7 to 125.4 mg 4-NP/g adsorbent). The adsorption isotherms fitted well with the Langmuir model (Langmuir constant b = 0.064 l/mg, R2 = 0.9989) and the kinetic study showed that the nitrophenol uptake process followed the pseudo-second-order rate expression (R2 ≥ 0.9960, pseudo-second-order constant K2 ≥ 1.7 × 10−3).