bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrient intake and performance of male New Zealand White rabbits fed different level of Leucaena leaf meal in pelleted complete diets
Authors: Al-Amin N , Astuti A , Widi T S M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to determine nutrient intake and performance of male New Zealand White rabbits fed complete feed pellets containing different level of Leucaena leaf meal (LLM). A total of 20 rabbits was randomly divided into four groups and fed diets containing 0% (P0), 5% (P1), 10% (P2), and 15% LLM (P3), for a duration of 10 weeks. The crude proteins (CP) of the diets were 17.7-18.1% and energy of the diets were 2,277.1-2,541.7 kcal/kg. Data were collected on a weekly basis and analyzed by analysis of variance. The results showed that nutrient intake, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of male New Zealand White rabbits fed pellet containing 10% LLM was higher (P<0.05) than those fed the other diets. The dry matter (DM), CP, extract ether (EE), and crude fiber (CF) intakes of P2 were highest, they were 80.04±3.96, 16.43±0.81, 6.64±0.33, 15.84±0.78 (g DM/head/day), respectively. The ADG was 20.20±2.29 g/head/day and FCR was 4.60±0.55. It is concluded that 10% LLM in complete feed pellets improved the growth performance and nutrient intakes of male New Zealand White rabbits.
A comparison of three highly fermentable carbohydrate sources (corn, cassava powder or cassava pulp) on in vitro digestion
Authors: Putridinanti A D , Noviandi C T , Gunawan  , Agus A , Harper K , Poppi D 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Cassava powder and pulp contain high levels of carbohydrate and variable starch; thus, they have the potential as substitutes for corn grain in cattle rations. This study aims to determine whether cassava (powder and pulp) can replace corn as an energy source in rations. Using a completely randomized design, rations were formulated using three corn, cassava powder or cassava pulp; and palm kernel cake as a protein source with a ratio of 60:40 (carbohydrate:protein source). Cassava powder and cassava pulp in the diet increased (P<0.05) VFA concentration over that from corn (14.6 and 18.2 vs. 11.3mM, respectively) and decreased NH3-N (4.73 and 4.55 vs. 8.26mg/100mL, respectively) in the rumen fluid compared to corn (P<0.05). pH did not change and ranged from 7.10-7.24. Rations containing cassava pulp showed the greatest microbial N concentration (P<0.05) compared to rations containing corn or cassava (5.85 vs. 4.52 and 1.43mg/100mL, respectively). Dry matter digestibility of the ration with cassava powder is higher (P<0.05) than corn and cassava pulp (62.4 vs. 59.4 and 50.6%, respectively). It may be concluded that cassava powder and cassava pulp can substitute corn in ruminant rations with a positive effect on the characteristics of rumen fermentation.
Biochemical and physical properties of goat feces liquid biofertilizer fermented with chicken excreta combination and different fermentation condition
Authors: Fitriyanto N A , Priyadi D A , Suranindyah Y , Yusiati L M , Erwanto Y , Kurniawati N , Pertiwiningrum A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This research aims to evaluate the quality of goat feces liquid biofertilizer with chicken excreta addition by aerobic and anaerobic fermentation. The data obtained from the research were statistically analyzed with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Factorial Pattern with two factors. The first factor was addition level of the chicken excreta (0, 10, 20, and 30%) and the other factor was fermentation treatment (aerobic and anaerobic) condition with 3 replications for each treatment. Fermentation was conducted for 14 days. The observed parameters consisted of the chemical parameter (organic-C, N, P, and K) and the physical parameter (pH, temperature, and the odor). The addition of various level of chicken excreta and fermentation treatments in the process of producing goat feces liquid biofertilizer indicate significantly effect to increase the organic-C, total-N, NH4, P, K, compare with 5 and 10% liquid fertilizer treatment. The best quality of liquid biofertilizer produced by combining aerobic fermentation and the addition of 30% chicken excreta. Generally, chicken excreta able to increase the nitrogen and mineral content, and putting together with aerobic fermentation system of chicken excreta maximum to 30% can avoid overproduction of unpleasant odor.
The effect of kecombrang leaves (Etlingera elatior) addition and meat storage length on the meat decomposition, microstructure, and sensory quality
Authors: Rusman  , Rahman A , Kusuma C , Jamhari  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of kecombrang leaves (Etlingera elatior) on the decomposition, microstructure and sensory quality of meat at the refrigerator temperature. This study was conducted with three treatments i.e. control 0% (P1), powder 7.5% (P2) and fresh 7.5% (P3), with storage time of 0, 3 and 6 days, for each treatment. Variables measured included the decomposition, microstructure and sensory quality. The initial decomposition used the Eber test. Microstructure used Hemactosiline-Eosin (HE). The data of decomposition and microstructure were descriptively analyzed. Sensory quality data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis hedonic test. The results showed that there was an initial decomposition on the 3rd day for control (P1) and preservation with dry kecombrang leaves (P2), whereas for fresh kecombrang (P3) no decomposition occurred up to 6th day. The microstructure of meat began to damage on the 3rd day in P1 and P2 and more severe in 6th day of storing, whereas in P3 to 6 days storage there was relatively no damage. Kecombrang leaves had significant effect (P<0.05) on color, aroma and acceptability, but no significant effect on the taste and texture. In is concluded that kecombrang powder is most effective.
Parameter of ruminal feed fermentation in vitro with addition of clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L.) as feed additive
Authors: Mulyandari F , Yusiati L M , Kurniawati A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Clove essential oils (CEO) effect as rumen modifier on rumen fermentation was studied using in vitro gas production technique. Feed consisted of king grass, wheat pollard and rice bran (60:20:20) were incubated in buffered rumen liquid at 39ºC for 24 hours with Ongole grade cattle rumen liquor as microbe donor. The CEO was added and mixed with feed to meet its levels of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 µl/L of fermentation medium. Volume of gas production was measured at the end of fermentation. Broth was collected for pH, protozoa number, ammonia, and microbial protein synthesis measurement. Medium pH ranges from 7.12 to 7.20, were not affected by CEO. Gas production reduced at CEO doses 75 and 100 µl/L (P<0.01). Ammonia concentration at all treatment was higher than control, whereas protozoa number were decreased by CEO (P<0.01). Protozoa ranged from 18.08 to 32.81 x 104 cell/ml reduced gradually by CEO doses 25 to 100 µl/L. Meanwhile, protein microbe at CEO 25 and 50 µl/L (141.54 and 141.11 mg/100 mL) were higher than control (P<0.01). CEO doses 75 and 100 µl/L did not change microbial protein. In conclusion, CEO addition up to 50 mg/l increase rumen feed efficiency.
Determinant factors of applying mixed crops and livestock farming in Indonesia
Authors: Putra A R S , Widarni N A A , Bawono W , Agustine R , Kusumastuti T A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Smallholder farmers have been integrating their limited resources as a strategy of sustainable farming system. Mixed Crops and Livestock (MCL) Farming becomes the most popular approach in developing countries. However, it remains a question in MCL farming system, whether farmers apply this farming practice as an income generating activity or a survival strategy. This paper aims to explore the determinant factors of MCL practice among farmers in Indonesia. A cross-sectional data of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) in 2014 was used by involving 3,702 farm household (2,957 of non-MCL farmers and 745 of MCL farmers). A binary choice model was employed to estimate the probability of practicing MCL farming in Indonesia. The results showed that the cultivated land size and age of farmers negatively explained the choice of practicing MCL among farmers in Indonesia. This indicated that MCL farming tends to be practiced by younger farmers with smaller land size. The livestock asset is insignificant within the MCL farming. It indicates that crop farming is the primary farming while keeping livestock is more complementary activity among MCL farmers.
Effect of lactation on haematological constituents in Sapera and Ettawa crossbred goats
Authors: Sarmin  , Widiyono I , Anggraini D 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the change in haematological constituents values during the lactation phase of Sapera and Ettawa crossbred goats. Eight lactating Sapera and nine Ettawa crossbred goats were used in this study. Blood samples were taken aseptically through the jugular vein. The mean of corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) levels of lactating Ettawa crossbred goats were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of lactating Sapera crossbred goats. There was no significant difference in red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cells (WBC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), lymphocytes (L), and neutrophils (N) levels (P > 0.05). It was found that MCHC and MCH levels in lactating Ettawa crossbred are significantly higher (P < 0.05)than those of the lactating Sapera goats. It indicated that lactating Ettawa crossbred goats have more maintenance or even higher oxygen carrying capacity that enhances oxygen supply for metabolism than that of lactating Sapera goats. Oxygen supply played an important role in the process of milk synthesis.
Effect of protected and non-protected corn oil supplementation on in vitro rumen fermentation
Authors: Anam M S , Yusiati L M , Hanim C 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of supplementation of corn oil (CO) and protected corn oil (PCO) mixture using formaldehyde on rumen fermentation. Protection of corn oil was carried out by mixing skim milk powder and CO (2:1) using formaldehyde 1.5%. Rumen fluid for in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) as well as for in vitro gas production was collected from rumen fistulated Bali cattle which has been adapted with elephant grass and wheat bran (60:40). The combination of CO and PCO in several rations was added as the supplement to feed substrate (dry matter basis). Ratios of CO: PCO supplementation that given were T0 (0%:0%) as a control, T1 (5%:0%), T2 (3.75%:1.25%), T3 (2.5%:2.5%), T4 (1.25%:3.75%), and T5 (0%:5%). The T1 and T2 had lower (P<0.05) total gas production at 48 hours incubation and fewer protozoa compared to the other treatments. The T1 had lower (P<0.05) NH3 and IVDMD. It is concluded that supplementation with the ratio of 3.75% CO and 1.25% PCO reduced the production of total gas and the number of protozoa, but did not decrease the pH, NH3, IVDMD, and IVOMD.
Madura cattle stratification as a signature of traditional selection and diverse production systems
Authors: Widyas N , Prastowo S , Haryanto R , Nugroho T , Widi T S M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Farmers practiced-selection and diverse production systems applied on Madura cattle and procured a stratification system. We aimed to study the Madura cattle population structure, especially in Sonok area. Focused group discussions and interviews involving farmers, key-persons and stake holders were conducted. Data on mature body measurements and weight were collected. The strata bottom up were commercial cattle, pajangan (multiplier) and elite. The breeding pyramid’s shape, however, was distorted; as pajangan was of the largest number. Elite dams were the selected ones, eligible to participate in local contests on body conformation and aesthetic. Sires were the descendant of the elite dams. No specific selections were conducted on sire lines. Elite dams and pajangan were mated with sires; female offspring becomes elite replacements if they manage to enter the contest; else they stay as pajangan. Pajangan’s female offspring failed to enter the contest were kept as dams. Farmers did not keep written records; however, mating was always done with inbreeding in consideration. This system managed to improve the cattle’s performance; mature wither height for elite dams were 115.54±1.45 and 131.55±9.30 cm while body weights were 236.26±14.12 and 393.88±43.94 kg on measurement year 2009 and 2017 respectively.
Physiological conditions of Bali cattle based on daily temperature-humidity index (THI) in oil palm plantation
Authors: Putra T D , Bintara S , Widayati D T , Panjono  , Baliarti E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Oil palm plantations (OPP) have a temperature-humidity index (THI) higher than the surrounding environment, which affects the physiological conditions of cattle. The study aims to measure the body temperature (BT), respiration rate (RR), and pulse rate (PR) as a comfort indicator of cattle to the environment. Fourteen Bali cattle were used to study the physiological condition of cattle in an OPP based on THI. The THI in the morning, day, and night were tested using a Completely Randomized Design followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that the OPP had a different THI (P<0.05): 77.36±1.22, 82.91±1.40, and 79.49±2.63 in the morning, day and night respectively. The BT, RR, and heat tolerance coefficient (HTC) during the day higher (P<0.05) than morning and the night, while the PR was not different. It is concluded that OPP has THI potential to give moderate stress, but the cattle still overcome them through physiological efforts, so it was suitable for Bali cattle grazing area.
Nutrient and bioactive potentials of clove and carrot as natural feed additive/water additive candidates for organic broiler chicken
Authors: Mandey J S , Wolayan F R , Pontoh C J , Kowel Y H S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Research was conducted to evaluate functional character of nutrients and bioactive of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) as feed additive and carrot (Daucus carotta) as water additive on organic broiler chickens. Research was done by laboratory analysis to phytochemicals, proximate on chemical compounds, β-carotene, and antioxidant potency of clove and carrot. Data were analyzed by descriptive method. Phytochemical screening was positive in flavonoid, tannin, saponin and triterpenoid for clove, and positive in saponin and triterpenoid for carrot. Quantitative analysis found total flavonoid 0.17% (w/w) on carrot, phenol total 80.07% (w/w) on clove and 4.08% (w/w) on carrot. Beta-carotene on clove 1.43% and carrot 0.45%. Proximate analysis on clove were dry matter 82.59%, ash 7.23%, crude protein 7.53%, crude fat 4.48%, crude fiber 14.14%, Ca 2.287%, P 0.087%, gross energy 4652,04 Kcal; and on carrot were dry matter 88.27%, ash 11.84%, crude protein 9.21%, crude fat 4.74%, crude fiber 12.14%, Ca 1.362%, P 0.335%, gross energy 3414,66 Kcal. Carrot was high in protein and aspartic acid, and clove was high in amino acids serine and phenylalanine. It can be concluded that clove and carrot can be used as an alternative feed additive/water additive because of its nutrients and bioactive compounds.
The effect of Andromed® and coconut water + 20% egg yolk as diluent on semen motility of Belgian Blue cattle
Authors: Aji R N , Panjono  , Agus A , Widyobroto B P , Hartatik T , Budisatria I G S , Ismaya  , Fathoni A , Kumala S , Bintara S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to observed the potential use of coconut water + 20% egg yolk (CW) as an alternative diluent to replace Andromed®, on semen motility of Belgian Blue (BB) cattle. The sample were fresh semen collected from 3 years old BB using artificial vagina. The fresh semen was diluted into Andromed® diluent (P1) and coconut water + 20% egg yolk (P2). The semen motility (%) was observed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after dilution and then compared between group using t-test. The result showed that Andromed® found to give better motility compared to CW in all observation time. The average of semen motility (%) in accordance with observation time in group P1 was 77,67±2,51, 74,67±2,51, 72,33±2,51, 70,67±1,54, 69,33±1,54, 66,33±2,88 and 63,33±2,88%, respectively. Meanwhile, in P2 was 71,67±2,89, 65,00±5,00, 60,00±5,00, 58,33±2,89, 46,67±7,64, 41,67±7,64 and 26,67±7,64 % respectively. In conclusion, coconut water + 20% egg yolk could be replace the function of Andromed as diluent for AI using liquid semen with maximum storage time no more than 24 hours.
Growth of probiotics for poultry in glucose yeast pepton media, production of biomass, viability and stability after encapsulation with spray drying
Authors: Harimurti S , Ariyadi B , Wihandoyo  , Akhirini N , Pradipta M S I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to determine specific growth rate and biomass cells production of probiotics bacteria isolated from Indonesian native chicken gastroitestinal tract. Three bactrias manely Lactobacillus murinus Ar-3, Streptococcus thermophilus Kp-2 and Pediococcus acidilactici Kd-6 were grown in glucose yeast peptone (GYP) medium. A mixture of probiotic bacteria base on rasio of specific growth rate were employed to the experiment for biomass production study. Fermentation was conducted in 2 litres bioreactor, and encapsulation was carried out by centrifugation. Coating process was done by skim milk/maltodextrin medium and dried with spray drying. The results showed that L. murinus Ar-3 had a generation time of 3.25 ± 0.006 hours, S. thermophilus Kp-2 3.68 ± 0.1 hours and P. acidilactici Kd-6 3.74 ± 0.04 hours, thus ratio of generation time was 1 : 1.18 : 1.16. The growth of mixture of probiotic showed the same pattern. Its cells were harvested at maximum cell yield 9.33±0.12 log 10 cfu/ml was achieved. The fermentation effiency was 51 %, the viability of mixed probiotic culture were 10.12 log 10 cfu/ml before spray and 9.12 log 10 cfu/g after spray drying or 90.11%. The stability of encapsulated probiotics in room temperature during 21 days strorage was 90.89%.
The quality of low fat-fermented goat milk and low fat-fermented cow milk containing probiotic cultures
Authors: Murti T W , Santoso B T , Latif A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This research was conducted to study the quality of low fat-fermented milk containing probiotics cultures using goat and cow milk. The pH, Brix value, viscosity, and sensorial detection after 9 hours of incubation at 39°C were observed from the fermented milk containing Streptococcus thermophilus (St) and mixed cultures probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, and Lactobacillus casei, (ABC)). The result showed on the goat milk addition of St and ABC resulted to pH 4.25 ±0.02; 5.03 ±0.02, Brix value 6.05 ±0.10; 9.00 ±0.00, and viscosity 32.70 ±2.25; 4.05 ±0.30 respectively. The addition of St and ABC on cow milk showed pH 3.76 ±0.02; 4.80 ±0.00, Brix value 5.53 ±0.09 and 5.27 ±0.22, and viscosity 7.08 ±0.09; 3.00 ±0.08 respectively. Sensorial acceptance indicated sweetness and Acidity of goat milk containing St and ABC were 1.80 ±0.29 and 2.00 ±0.29; while for cow milk containing St and ABC were 1.6 ±0.52 and 1.1 ±0.32 respectively. It can be concluded that the addition of St to both kinds of milk resulted in better growth than the addition of ABC. According to Acidity, pH, viscosity, and sensorial acceptance of low fat-fermented goat milk had better quality and more preferred by trained panelists than those of low fat-fermented cow milk.
Diagnosis of causes of cankers on apricot trees Prunus armeniaca L. using PCR technique in some of the Al-Qantara, Al-Baydaa orchards in Karbala- Iraq
Authors: Al-Tememe Zeinab A. M. , Al-Sweedi Taha M. M. , Abdullahy Kadum mohammed , Jawid Chasab K. , Hamzah Roaa. M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to study the causes of the deterioration of the prunus armeniaca L. apricot trees caused by the fungal infection in some orchards of the Al-Qantara, Al-Baydaa / Hosseinieh district/Karbala province in April 2017 and some methods of control. Results of the field survey showed that Prunus armeniaca L. were decline in percentages ranging from 60-70 degrees, The results of isolation showed the presence of Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae, Alternaria porri on potato dextrose Agar (PDA) medium and identified based on its morphological and molecular characterizations and pathogenicity. This identification is the first record of this fungi affecting in Karbala province of Iraq. The pathogenicity test result showed the ability of fungus to cause decline on the seedlings to Prunus armeniaca L. after two months from inoculation time, the result also showed that N. novaehollandiae was more affected with the pathogenicity which differed significantly from the fungus Al. porri, where the lesion length was 0.66 and 0.56 cm respectively and significant difference from the comparison treatment. These fungi showed toxicity for Prunus armeniaca L. through new branches wilt test, and it was found that the tested fungi caused a significant loss in the amount of chlorophyll a (0.37, 0.44 mg−1 wet weight), These results did not differ from chlorophyll b, which increased by increasing concentration. The results of the Gibberellic acid ( GA3) test with four concentrations (100, 200, 300 and 400 mg L−1) showed an active role in the inhibition process, with superiority of 400 mg. L−1 concentration which recorded a 100% rate of tested fungi. Biological control with T. harizanum and T. atroviride results showed superiority on inhibition fungal growth mycelium and high parasitism ability. The results of the effect of GA3 and Biological control with T. harizanum and T. atroviride had an effect in reducing the lesion length where the superiority of GA3 in 400 mg. L−1 concentration, with the total length of the lesion 0.67 cm by comparison and significantly different from the two types of resistant fungi, which recorded a canker length of less 0.41 cm for T. atroviride and 0.47 cm for T.harizanum. with comparison between them and control, which was 1.33 cm long.
Evaluation the efficiency of some controlling methods on olive seedlings infected with root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp.
Authors: Ismail Waref M.H. , Rasool Asmaa M.Abdel , Al-Tememe Zeinab A. M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The study was aimed to evaluate different controlling methods and agents including the nematicide Rugby, the bio-agents Trichoderma.harzianum and Trichoderma.atroviride, compost of poultry manure, cows and sheep dung. These agents were compared for their effect on nematode populations and plant growth parameters of olive infected plant. The results revealed that Rugby was the most effective treatment that decreased all measured criteria of nematode infection including gall number / 2 g root, Female number / 2 g root, number of egg masses/2g root and number of males and juveniles/100g soil which recorded 0.33/2g root, 0.33/2g root, 0.33/2g root, 0.00/100g soil respectively. The highest values of some plant growth parameters including plant height, root length, number of branches/plant and leaf area/plant were gained from treated with the poultry manure treatment that resulted in 32.66cm2, 34.00cm2, 22.88g, 7,00 branch/plant and 5.37cm2 respectively. Among all treatments compost of poultry manure, cow dung and sheep dung had increased biochemical indicators of plant health such as percentage of nitrogen content (1.93, 1.93, 1.89)% portion content(12.07, 12.07, 11.8)% and chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content (0.604, 0.503, 0.488), (0.302, 0.258, 0.244), (0.906, 0.671, 0.732) mg/g fresh weight respectively.