bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of Callitriche cophocarpa Sendtn. for the reclamation of Cr-contaminated freshwater habitat: benefits and limitations
Authors: Augustynowicz Joanna , Sitek Ewa , Bryniarski Tomasz , Baran Agnieszka , Ostachowicz Beata , Urbańska-Stopa Małgorzata , Szklarczyk Marek 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis work is the first attempt to evaluate suitability of Callitriche cophocarpa Sendtn. (water-starwort) to remove Cr under real-world conditions. Our earlier laboratory-scale studies demonstrated outstanding hyperaccumulation properties of this aquatic higher plant (macrophyte) toward chromium in solution. We introduced C. cophocarpa plants into the watershed with sediments heavily polluted (on average 1400 mg/kg d.w. of Cr) by a tannery. The plants grew vigorously and exhibited no physiological or anatomical disorders. Based on chemical fractionations of bottom sediments, we found low Cr bioavailability. The element was strongly associated with the sediments and could be classified into the following fractions (%): oxidizable III (68.2) > residual IV (28.8) > reducible II (1.6) > exchangeable I (1.4). Despite this, Cr content in plant organs at the contaminated sites was 33 up to 83 times greater than in the control leaf/stem and roots, respectively. Altering redox potential during, i.e., sediment deposition on land may change chemical forms of bound metals in a solid phase, and thus further increase Cr phytoextraction by plants. With this in mind, we concluded that the species, being an outstanding Cr accumulator under laboratory conditions, can be useful in the reclamation of Cr-polluted sediments under controlled, oxidizing conditions.
The role of tenacious versus flexible goal pursuit in the vulnerability to bipolar disorder
Authors: Dempsey Robert C. , Eardley Katherine , Dodd Alyson L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe vulnerability to bipolar disorder is characterized by dysregulated goal-related behavior, the setting of ambitious and extreme goals, and increases in goal approach behaviors. To date, no studies have investigated the nature of goal pursuit behaviors amongst individuals at a behavioral risk for bipolar disorder in terms of whether goal pursuit is characterized by a tenacious active striving for goals or a more flexible changeable focus on goals. A non-clinical sample of 168 participants completed online measures of mood, bipolar-vulnerability, reward sensitivity, goal-related perfectionist tendencies, tenacious goal pursuit and flexible goal adjustment behaviors. Our findings demonstrate that bipolar-vulnerability is characterized by the tenacious, not flexible, pursuit of goals, in combination with low regulation of goal behavior, and tendencies towards narcissistic and self-critical perfectionism indicative of setting high ambitious standards and making overly harsh self-judgments when such standards are not met. These findings are similar to those from clinical bipolar samples where there is evidence of prolonged symptom recoveries after the experience of goal frustrations and failures. Reducing the tenacious, active striving for goals amongst at-risk individuals may be a potential avenue for early intervention.
Use of nanometer mesoporous MCM-41 for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution
Authors: Li Xiao-Dong , Zhai Qing-Zhou 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMobil Composition of Matter (MCM)-41 molecular sieve was successfully synthesized. Power X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the sample. The sample showed spherical particles, and the morphology was regular. Its average particle diameter was 110 nm. TEM images showed that the sample structure presented a honeycomb pore structure and the average pore diameter was 3.5 nm. Pb2+ was adsorbed from water body by the MCM-41. The effects of acidity, contact time, temperature, adsorbent material amount and initial Pb2+ concentration on the adsorption rate were studied, and the optimum conditions of adsorption were obtained. The results show that when acidity pH value was 4.5, temperature was 25 °C, contact time was 40 min and the adsorbent material MCM-41/Pb2+ = 7.5, the adsorptive effect was the best, the adsorption rate reached 98.78% and the adsorptive capacity was 131.71 mg/g. Kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the adsorptive process were studied. Experimental results show that the adsorption of Pb2+ by MCM-41 belongs to the pseudo-second-order adsorption. According to thermodynamic equation, ΔG = ΔH − TΔS, ΔH = − 24.86 kJ/mol and ΔS = − 72.34 J/(mol K) were obtained by calculation, indicating that the adsorption was exothermic and an entropy reduction process. At the temperature of 298, 308 and 318 K, the free energy change was, respectively, ΔG1 = − 3.286 kJ/mol, ΔG2 = − 2.586 kJ/mol and ΔG3 = − 1.86 kJ/mol, illustrating that at the above temperature the reaction can be carried on spontaneously. Nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and acetic acid were, respectively, used to investigate their effect on desorption. The results show that the desorption effect using nitric acid as a desorption agent was better than those of hydrochloric acid and acetic acid. When desorption was 5 h and the nitric acid concentration was 0.5 mol/l, the desorption rate was the highest that was reached 70.01%.
Then Tell Me What You Think About Morality: A Freedom of Expression Perspective on the CJEU’s Decision in FACK JU GÖHTE (C-240/18 P)
Authors: Endrich-Laimböck Tobias , Schenk Svenja 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis case note on the CJEU’s decision inFack Ju Göhtefocuses on morality bars and freedom of expression in EU trade mark law. Based on the presumption that a refusal to register a trade mark for being contrary to accepted principles of morality interferes with freedom of expression, an empirical concept of morality appears incompatible with freedom of expression. However, the test for morality developed by the CJEU seems to employ such an empirical concept at least partially. In addition, the test seems to lack legal certainty. In light of freedom of expression, both represent a potential shortcoming of the decision.
Change in National Dosing Advice of Nitroprusside After Potentially Fatal Cyanide Intoxication
Authors: Bothof Guido , van Rhee Koen P. , Koomen Erik , Veldhoen Esther S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of this brief communication is to provide a short overview of cyanide intoxication following infusion of sodium nitroprusside (SNP). SNP is a fast-acting antihypertensive drug frequently used in of hypertensive emergencies. Although SNP is widely known as a safe to use drug, it can cause a potentially lethal cyanide intoxication. The difficulty to diagnose cyanide intoxication and pharmacological principles will be discussed. Hereby, we like to regain attention for this severe complication. As a result of our experience, the Dutch national paediatric drug formulary has been updated with additional warnings and recommendations. Cyanide intoxication due to sodium nitroprusside is a severe and difficult to recognize complication with potentially lethal outcome. Clinicians prescribing sodium nitroprusside should always be aware of its toxic effects.
Role of glutathione redox system on the susceptibility to deoxynivalenol of pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)
Authors: Fernye Csaba , Ancsin Zsolt , Erdélyi Márta , Mézes Miklós , Balogh Krisztián 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere are only a few reports on the effects of mycotoxins on pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and the susceptibility to deoxynivalenol of these birds have never been reported before. The present experiment focuses to investigate the effects of different dietary concentrations of deoxynivalenol on blood plasma protein content, some parameters of lipid peroxidation and glutathione redox system and on the performance of pheasant chicks. A total of 320 1-day-old female pheasants were randomly assigned to four treatment groups fed with a diet contaminated with deoxynivalenol (control, 5.11 mg/kg, 11.68 mg/kg and 16.89 mg/kg). Birds were sacrificed at early (12, 24 and 72 h) and late (1, 2 and 3 weeks) stages of the experiment to demonstrate the oxidative stress-inducing effect of deoxynivalenol. Feed refusal was dose dependent, especially in the last third of the trial, but only minor body weight gain decrease was found. Lipid-peroxidation parameters did not show dose-dependent effect, except in blood plasma during the early stage of the trial. The glutathione redox system, reduced glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase activity, was activated in the liver, but primarily in the blood plasma. Glutathione peroxidase activity has changed parallel with reduced glutathione concentration in all tissues. Comparing our results with literature data, pheasants seem to have the same or higher tolerance to deoxynivalenol than other avian species, and glutathione redox system might contribute in some extent to this tolerance, as effective antioxidant defence against oxidative stress.
Categorical perception of lexical tone contrasts and gradient perception of the statement–question intonation contrast in Zhumadian Mandarin
Authors: GUSSENHOVEN CARLOS , VAN DE VEN MARCO 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTWe intended to establish if two lexical tone contrasts in Zhumadian Mandarin, one between early and late aligned falls and another between early and late aligned rises, are perceived categorically, while the difference between declarative and interrogative pronunciations of these four tones is perceived gradiently. Presenting stimuli from 7-point acoustic continua between tones and between intonations, we used an identification task and a discrimination task with an experimental group of native listeners and a control group of Indonesian listeners, whose language employs none of the differences within either the falling or the rising pitch contours in its phonology. Only the lexical condition as perceived by the experimental group yielded sigmoid identification functions and a heightened discriminatory sensitivity around the midpoint of continua. The intonational condition in the native group and both conditions in the control group yielded gradient identification functions and smaller, reverse effects of the continuum midpoints in the discrimination task. The results are interpreted to mean that sentence modality contrasts can be expressed gradiently, but that lexical tone differences are represented phonologically, and hence are perceived categorically, despite low phonetic salience of the contrast. This conclusion challenges assumptions about the relation between linguistic functions and linguistic structures.
Transition waves for lattice Fisher-KPP equations with time and space dependence
Authors: Wang Ning , Wang Zhi-Cheng , Bao Xiongxiong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the existence results for generalized transition waves of space periodic and time heterogeneous lattice Fisher-KPP equations. By constructing appropriate subsolutions and supersolutions, we show that there is a critical wave speed such that a transition wave solution exists as soon as the least mean of wave speed is above this critical speed. Moreover, the critical speed we construct is proved to be minimal in some particular cases, such as space-time periodic or space independent.
Late Pleistocene fauna from Chongphadae Cave, Hwangju County, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Authors: Choe Rye Sun , Han Kum Sik , Kim Se Chan , U Chol , Ho Chol Ung , Kang Il 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report on a diverse and abundant mammal fauna from Chongphadae Cave—Hwangju region in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). The cave sediments include many mammal fossils and consist of fluvial, cave clay, and calcareous deposits. During our field excavation 33 species were encountered: 9 species of rodents, 1 species of lagomorph, 1 species of insectivore, 8 species of carnivores, 4 species of perissodactyls, 9 species of artiodactyls, and 1 species of primates. Of these, perissodactyls and artiodactyls dominate the fauna in terms of diversity. The cave sediments include 15 layers. Radiocarbon dating showed that Layers 12 and 13 were formed from 34,770 to 27,800 cal yr BP and from 24,980 to 21,340 cal yr BP, respectively. Additional identification of various palyno-botanical remains including 25 families and genera of trees, 19 families and genera of grasses and herbs, and 10 families and genera of ferns provides a wealth of information on the past ecology of the Chongphadae Cave Site area. During the Late Pleistocene, the Chongphadae area was surrounded by luxuriant forests associated with hills and grasslands in a cool and humid temperate climatic environment.
Targeting excessive worry with internet-based extinction therapy: a randomised controlled trial with mediation analysis and economical evaluation
Authors: Andersson Erik , Ljótsson Brjánn , Hedman-Lagerlöf Maria , Nygren Linn , Persson Malin , Rosengren Karin , Gezelius Anton , Andersson Louise , Sundquist Tove , Ivanov Volen Z. , Bjureberg Johan , Hedman-Lagerlöf Erik 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundExcessive worry is a common phenomenon. Our research group has previously developed an online intervention for excessive worry based on operant principles of extinction (IbET; internet-based extinction therapy) and tested it against a waiting-list. The aim of this study was to evaluate IbET against an active control comparator (CTRL).MethodsA 10-week parallel participant blind randomised controlled trial with health-economical evaluation and mediation analyses. Participants (N = 311) were randomised (ratio 4.5:4.5:1) to IbET, to CTRL (an internet-based stress-management training program) or to waiting-list. The nation-wide trial included self-referred adults with excessive worry. The primary outcome was change in worry assessed with the Penn State Worry Questionnaire from baseline to 10 weeks.ResultsIbET had greater reductions in worry compared to CTRL [−3.6 point difference, (95% CI −2.4 to −4.9)] and also a significantly larger degree of treatment responders [63% v. 51%; risk ratio = 1.24 (95% CI 1.01–1.53)]. Both IbET and CTRL made large reductions in worry compared to waiting-list and effects were sustained up to 1 year. Treatment credibility, therapist attention, compliance and working alliance were equal between IbET and CTRL. Data attrition was 4% at the primary endpoint. The effects of IbET were mediated by the hypothesized causal mechanism (reduced thought suppression) but not by competing mediators. Health-economical evaluation indicated that IbET had a 99% chance of being cost-effective compared to CTRL given societal willingness to pay of 1000€.ConclusionsIbET is more effective than active comparator to treat excessive worry. Replication and extensions to real-world setting are warranted.
Patterns of care and dropout rates from outpatient mental healthcare in low-, middle- and high-income countries from the World Health Organization's World Mental Health Survey Initiative
Authors: Fernández Daniel , Vigo Daniel , Sampson Nancy A. , Hwang Irving , Aguilar-Gaxiola Sergio , Al-Hamzawi Ali O. , Alonso Jordi , Andrade Laura Helena , Bromet Evelyn J. , de Girolamo Giovanni , de Jonge Peter , Florescu Silvia , Gureje Oye , Hinkov Hristo , Hu Chiyi , Karam Elie G. , Karam Georges , Kawakami Norito , Kiejna Andrzej , Kovess-Masfety Viviane , Medina-Mora Maria E. , Navarro-Mateu Fernando , Ojagbemi Akin , O'Neill Siobhan , Piazza Marina , Posada-Villa Jose , Rapsey Charlene , Williams David R. , Xavier Miguel , Ziv Yuval , Kessler Ronald C. , Haro Josep M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is a substantial proportion of patients who drop out of treatment before they receive minimally adequate care. They tend to have worse health outcomes than those who complete treatment. Our main goal is to describe the frequency and determinants of dropout from treatment for mental disorders in low-, middle-, and high-income countries.MethodsRespondents from 13 low- or middle-income countries (N = 60 224) and 15 in high-income countries (N = 77 303) were screened for mental and substance use disorders. Cross-tabulations were used to examine the distribution of treatment and dropout rates for those who screened positive. The timing of dropout was examined using Kaplan–Meier curves. Predictors of dropout were examined with survival analysis using a logistic link function.ResultsDropout rates are high, both in high-income (30%) and low/middle-income (45%) countries. Dropout mostly occurs during the first two visits. It is higher in general medical rather than in specialist settings (nearly 60% v. 20% in lower income settings). It is also higher for mild and moderate than for severe presentations. The lack of financial protection for mental health services is associated with overall increased dropout from care.ConclusionsExtending financial protection and coverage for mental disorders may reduce dropout. Efficiency can be improved by managing the milder clinical presentations at the entry point to the mental health system, providing adequate training, support and specialist supervision for non-specialists, and streamlining referral to psychiatrists for more severe cases.
Personnalités pathologiques: comparaison des diagnostics cliniques de psychiatres français et des critères du DSM III
Authors: Rodiere-Rein C. , Guelfi J.D. 
Published: April 2020

RésuméCet article rapporte les résultats préliminaires d’une comparaison entre les diagnostics cliniques portés par des psychiatres français et les critères du DSM III en matière de personnalités pathologiques. Une liste des 11 personnalités pathologiques et des 92 critères du DSM III a été fournie à 97 psychiatres. Les données correspondant à 791 patients ont été obtenues.Nous n’avons commenté ici que les résultats des 397 patients ayant un diagnostic unique de personnalité pathologique.Les diagnostics les plus fréquents sont ceux qui se rapprochent le plus des notions françaises classiques (personnalités histrionique et compulsive par exemple).La proportion de diagnostics cliniques compatibles avec les critères du DSM III est des plus variables : bonne concordance diagnostique pour les personnalités évitante, schizotypique, paranoïaque et antisociale ; degré intermédiaire de concordance pour les personnalités dépendante, histrionique, borderline et compulsive ; mauvaise concordance diagnostique pour les personnalités passive-agressive, narcissique et schizoïde.Cette variabilité tient à 3 ordres de causes :le degré de similarité entre les stéréotypes diagnostiques français et les conceptions du DSM III ;le degré de spécificité des critères du DSM III pour le diagnostic considéré ;le nombre de critères nécessaires pour tel diagnostic DSM III qui peut influencer considérablement la probabilité d’un diagnostic concordant.47 % des patients ayant un diagnostic unique de personnalité pathologique avaient conjointement un diagnostic psychiatrique. Les troubles dépressifs, névrotiques et anxieux s'associaient préférentiellement aux personnalités «névrotiques» classiques (histrionique, compulsive et dépendante). Les personnalités schizotypiques et schizoïdes avaient la plus forte proportion d’épisodes psychotiques, suivis par les personnalités paranoïaques et borderline (cela si l’on ne considérait pas de tels antécédents comme critère d’exclusion pour ces diagnostics de personnalité).
Circadian rhythm of catecholaminergic binding sites on blood cells and catecholamines in plasma of healthy volunteers
Authors: Fröhler M. , Ackenheil M. , Bak R. , Bondy B. , Feistenauer E. , Hofschuster E. , Saito Y. , Vakis A. , Welter D. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryCircadian variations of catecholaminergic binding sites on blood cells and circulating catecholamines (CA) in serum from ten healthy volunteers, with ordinary daily activities during the investigation were examined. Simultaneously, psychological status was analysed by different tests (MMPI-Saarbrücken, EWL and BfS).A significant increase in binding capacity (maximum at 8 p.m.) of α2-receptors with a concomitant significant decrease in affinity (minimum at 8 p.m.) was observed. β2-receptors showed a slight, but significant diurnal decrease in capacity (maximum at 8 a.m.) with no change in affinity. 3-H-spiperone binding sites on lymphocytes and circulating plasma CA did not differ significantly during 24 hours. The psychological tests showed significant diurnal variations for only the EWL-subgroups «activity» and «general inactivity» respectively with the BfS.No correlations has been observed between biological and psychological data.
Baseline ACTH values and its relation to pre- and post- dexamethasone cortisol levels in depressed patients
Authors: Cabranes J.A. , Almoguera I. , Ayuso J.L. , Garcia-Camba E. , del Olmo J. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBaseline ACTH values were assessed in a large sample of depressed patients to establish correlations with baseline and post-dexamethasone cortisol levels. No statistically significant differences were found, indicating that excessive ACTH release mighl not be responsible for the elevated cortisol levels and nonsuppression by dexamethasone frequently observed in these patients. Other extrahypophyseal factors may mediate these responses.
The concept of negative symptoms: definition, specificity, and significance
Authors: Andreasen Nancy C. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryNegative symptoms are sometimes assumed to be specific to schizophrenia, but in fact they are not. This paper examines the frequency of negative symptoms in schizophrenia, mania, and major depression and indicates that both positive and negative symptoms may occur in all three. Clinicians judge these disorders to be present, not by observing a single pathognomonic symptom or group of symptoms, but rather by a process of pattern recognition of the characteristic clustering of symptoms. In addition to being diagnostically nonspecific, negative symptoms can also be produced by a broad range of factors, including positive symptoms, depression, and neuroleptic drugs. Research attempting to determine whether negative symptoms are treatment-refractory or treatment-responsive must take these factors into account.