bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors in multiple behaviour change interventions affecting smoking cessation success: a rapid realist review.
Authors: Minian Nadia , Corrin Tricia , Lingam Mathangee , deRuiter Wayne K , Rodak Terri , Taylor Valerie H. , Manson Heather , Dragonetti Rosa , Zawertailo Laurie , Melamed Osnat C. , Hahn Margaret , Selby Peter 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Smoking continues to be a leading cause of preventable chronic disease-related morbidity and mortality, excess healthcare expenditure, and lost work productivity. Tobacco users are disproportionately more likely to be engaging in other modifiable risk behaviours such as excess alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and poor diet. While hundreds of interventions addressing the clustering of smoking and other modifiable risk behaviours have been conducted worldwide, there is insufficient information available about what components of these interventions help to promote successful smoking cessation . The aim of this rapid realist review was to identify possible mechanisms used in multiple health behaviour change interventions (targeting tobacco and two or more additional risk behaviours) that are associated with effectively changing tobacco use. Methods This realist review method incorporated the following steps: (1) clarifying the scope, (2) searching for relevant evidence, (3) relevance confirmation, data extraction, and quality assessment, (4) data analysis and synthesis. Results Of the 20,423 articles screened, 138 articles were included in this realist review. Following Michie et al.’s behavior change model (the COM-B model), capability, opportunity, and motivation were used to identify the mechanisms of behaviour change. Universally, increasing opportunities (i.e. factors that lie outside the individual that prompt the behaviour or make it possible) for participants to engage in healthy behaviours was associated with smoking cessation success. However, increasing participant’s capability or motivation to make a behaviour change was only successful within certain contexts. Conclusion In order to address multiple health behaviours and assist individuals in quitting smoking, public health promotion interventions need to shift away from ‘individualistic epidemiology’ and invest resources into modifying factors that exist outside of the individual (i.e. creating a supportive environment). Study registration PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017064430
Goals of Care or Goals of Life? A qualitative study of clinicians’ and patients’ experiences of hospital discharge using Patient-Oriented Discharge Summaries (PODS)
Authors: Hattangadi Nayantara , Kurdyak Paul , Solomon Rachel , Soklaridis Sophie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background : Recognizing the need for improved communication with patients at the point of hospital discharge, a group of clinicians, patients, and designers in Toronto, Canada collaborated to develop a standardized tool known as the Patient-Oriented Discharge Summary (PODS). Although quantitative results suggest PODS helps mitigate gaps in knowledge, a qualitative inquiry from the clinician and patient perspective of hospital discharge using PODS has not been widely explored. Methods : We used a qualitative research design to explore clinicians’ and patients’ experiences with PODS. We used convenience sampling to identify and invite potential participants at the Center for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto, Canada to participate in semi-structured interviews. Data was analyzed using a thematic analysis approach to develop descriptive themes. Results : The themes that emerged based on PODS experience was influenced by the asymmetrical information advantaged that clinicians had with the discharge planning process. Thus, the themes from the data between clinicians and patients were both different and complementary. Clinicians described PODS using the concept of “goals of care.” They relayed their experiences with PODS as a discrete event and emphasized its role in meeting their “goals of care” for discharge planning. Patients provided more of a “goals of life” perspective on recovery. They characterized PODS as only one facet of their recovery journey and not necessarily as a discrete or memorable event. Patients focused on their outcomes post-discharge and situated their experiences with PODS through its relation to their overall recovery. Conclusions : PODS was experienced differently by clinicians and patients. Clinicians experienced PODS as helpful in orienting them to the fulfillment of goals of care. Patients did not experience PODS as a particularly memorable intervention. Due to the asymmetrical information advantage that clinicians have about PODS, it is not surprising that clinicians and patients experienced the PODS differently. Despite that an asymmetrical relationship exists between clinician and patients, it did not detract from the potential benefits of PODS for the patient. This study expanded our understanding of hospital discharge from clinicians and patients perspectives, and suggests that there are additional areas that need improvement.
Translation and adaptation of the Learning Organisation Survey for french speaking countries.
Authors: Diez Amalia Giuliani , Amine Souadka , Majbar Mohammed Anass , Benkabbou Amine , Mohsine Raouf , Akhnif El Houcine 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Learning organizations need a diagnostic tool that allows them to assess how well their team, department, or the entire institution is performing, and help them identify areas of improvement. In turn, having that tool in your own language (in this case, French) and adapted to your own context, gives reliability and ease of application. Health organizations are starting to use more and more tools like this that allow them to improve their learning capabilities and, therefore their performance. The aim of the study was the translation of Garvin's et al. Learning Organization Survey into French to evaluate french-speaking health organizations. Methods the method used to translate the questionnaire was based on Brislin's modified reverse translation technique. Followed by the stage of cross-cultural adaptation through an Atelier of experts, obtaining a pre-final version that was reviewed by a committee of judges with an index of the validity of IVC content ≤ 80%. The French version of the questionnaire proved to be an adequate instrument for the evaluation. The survey was conducted with a sample of 111 workers from the National Oncology Institute of Rabat, who accepted the filling of the survey, ≥ 65%. Results The established validation criteria were exceeded with results > 80% in the assessment of experts. We found a good internal consistency, evidenced by a Cronbach's Alpha of > 0.8 in each block. Conclusion The questionnaire gathers enough psychometric properties to be considered a useful and reliable tool capable of objectively measuring a french speaking Learning Organization.
Exploring the Effectiveness of a P4P Scheme from the Italian General Practitioners’ Perspective: A Replication Study
Authors: GIANCOTTI MONICA , MAURO MARIANNA , RANIA FRANCESCO 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background A major problem of the primary healthcare systems is represented by the deficiencies in performance quality. Financial incentives can be used in order to improve the quality of healthcare. According to this, since 1993 many countries have introduced pay for performance reimbursement schemes to encourage practitioner behaviour to align with the specific objectives of the decision maker and to incentivize the provision of targeted services. In this context the study of Krauth et al. (2016) was the first in Europe to determine whether general practitioners would participate in a pay for performance programme and under what conditions. Our research replicates the German survey, adjusting it to the Italian context. This article explores whether financial incentives can improve the quality of healthcare from the perspective of general practitioners. The purposes were as follows: to assess the attitudes of Italian general practitioners towards the current remuneration scheme; to determine if they would participate in a pay for performance programme; and to analyse how such views vary among the groups of respondents. Methods Our tool for data collection was a questionnaire elaborated on the basis of a theoretical framework developed by Krauth et al. The questionnaires were distributed from September to December 2017. Results Results confirm that for a successful implementation of a quality-based compensation scheme, it is crucial to gain the acceptance and support of healthcare providers. Conclusions To ensure that healthcare providers can realistically achieve the programme’s targets, they should be involved in the implementation process. Our study offers useful information for developing an effectiveness remuneration scheme in Italy for general practice.
National data analysis and systematic review for human resources for cervical cancer screening in Japan: Who should take Pap smears for cervical cancer screening?
Authors: Hamashima Chisato , Sasaki Seiju , Hoshi Keika , Hosono Satoyo , Katayama Takafumi , Terasawa Teruhiko 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Although cervical cancer screening has been performed as a national program since 1983 in Japan, taking Pap smears from the cervix has usually been performed by gynecologists and obstetricians in their offices. Conventionally, general physicians and midwives cannot take Pap smears of cervical cancer screening in Japan. Accessibility is one of the important factors to consider when planning to increase the participation rate in cancer screening programs. Gynecologists also play a primary role in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancers. Discussions regarding the needed human resources for cancer screening programs have remained scared in Japan. Methods: We examined the number of gynecologists and obstetricians based on a national survey. Candidate literature was searched using Ovid-MEDLINE and Ichushi-Web until the end of January 2019. Then, a systematic review regarding accessibility to cervical cancer screening was performed. The results of the selected articles were summarized in the tables.Results: Although the total number of all physicians in Japan increased from 1996 to 2016, the proportion of gynecologists and obstetricians has remained at approximately 5% over the last 2 decades. However, 43.6% of municipalities have no gynecologists and obstetricians in 2016. Five articles identified from Ovid-MEDLINE and Ichushi-Web were eligible and assessed. Two Japanese studies showed consistent results regarding the association of resources as gynecologists and obstetricians with participation rates in cervical cancer screening. Another article reported on the national distribution of gynecological oncologists and compared the treatment outcomes between hospitals with and without certified gynecologists. The number of certified gynecological oncologists has remained insufficient with a biased distribution. Thus, the survival rate of cervical cancer patients was different between hospitals with and without accreditation by academic society. Although the perspectives of selected articles were different, the results suggested the burden to access to cervical cancer screening and consequent diagnosis and treatment.Conclusions: The human resources for taking Pap smears for cervical cancer screening has remained insufficient with a huge disparity among municipalities in Japan. Enabling general physicians to take Pap smears or the introduction of self-sampling HPV testing may be considered to augment the limited access to cervical cancer screening.
Differential breeding practices drive subpopulation differentiation and contribute to the loss of genetic diversity within dog breed lineages
Authors: Lampi Sara , Donner Jonas , Anderson Heidi , Pohjoismäki Jaakko L. O. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Discrete breed ideals are not restricted to delimiting dog breeds from another, but also are key drivers of subpopulation differentiation. As genetic differentiation due to population fragmentation results in increased rates of inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity, detecting and alleviating the reasons of population fragmentation can provide effective tools for the maintenance of healthy dog breeds. Results Using a genome wide SNP array, we detected genetic differentiation to subpopulations in six breeds, Belgian Shepherd, English Greyhound, Finnish Lapphund, Italian Greyhound, Labrador Retriever and Shetland Sheepdog, either due to geographical isolation or as a result of differential breeding strategies. The subpopulation differentiation was strongest in show dog lineages. Conclusions Besides geographical differentiation caused by founder effect and lack of gene flow, selection on champion looks or restricted pedigrees is a strong driver of population fragmentation. Artificial barriers for gene flow between the different subpopulations should be recognized and abolished for the maintenance of genetic diversity within a breed.
Natural toxic impact and thyroid signaling interplay orchestrates riverine adaptive divergence of Dolly Varden.
Authors: Esin Evgeny V. , Markevich Grigorii N. , Melnik Nikolay O. , Kapitanova Daria V. , Shkil Fedor N. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Adaptive radiation in fishes has been actively investigated over the last decades. Along with numerous well-studied cases of lotic radiation, some examples of riverine sympatric divergence have been recently discovered. In contrast to the lakes, the riverine conditions do not provide evident stability in the ecological gradients. Consequently, external factors triggering the radiation, as well as developmental mechanisms underpinning it, remain unclear. Herein, we present the comprehensive study of external and internal drivers of the riverine adaptive divergence of the salmonid fish Salvelinus malma. In the Kamchatka River, this species splits in the reproductively isolated morphs that drastically differ in ecology and morphology: the benthivorous Dolly Varden (DV) and the piscivorous Stone charr (SC). To understand why and how these morphs originated, we performed a series of field and experimental work, including common-garden rearing, comparative ontogenetic, physiological and endocrinological analyses, hormonal "engineering" of phenotypes.Results We revealed that the type of spawning ground acts as the main external factor driving the radiation of S. malma . In contrast to DV spawning in the leaf krummholz zone, SC reproduces in the zone of coniferous forest, which litter has a toxic impact on developing fishes. SC enhances resistance to the toxicants via metabolism acceleration provided by the elevated thyroid hormone content. These physiological changes lead to the multiple heterochronies resulting in a specific morphology and SC's expansion into a piscivorous niche.Conclusions S. malma represents a notable example of how the thyroid axis contributes to the generation of diverse phenotypic outcomes underlying the riverine sympatric divergence. Our findings, along with the paleoecology data concerning spruce forest distribution during the Pleistocene, provide an opportunity to reconstruct a scenario of S. malma divergence. Taken together, obtained results with the data of the role of thyroid hormones in the ontogeny and diversification of fishes contribute a resource to consider the thyroid axis as a prime director orchestrating the phenotypic plasticity promoting evolutionary diversification under the changing environmental conditions.
A system-level investigation into the pharmacological mechanisms of flavor compounds in Maotai liquor
Authors: Liu Zhigang , Zhou Wei , Chen Ziyi , Zhang Guohao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Maotai-flavor liquor, one of the world’s famous natural fermentation food product plays a significant role in traditional Chinese culture and people’s daily lives for a long time due to its good taste. However, the pharmacological activities of flavor compounds in Maotai liquor has not been fully elucidated. In answering this question, a system-level analysis was developed by combining in silico ADME evaluation, multi-target prediction, GO enrichment analysis, network pharmacology technology, pathway analysis, as well as experimental verification to elucidate the pharmacological effects of flavor compounds in Maotai liquor. Finally, 55 active compounds and 80 targets were identified to interpret the pharmacological effect of the flavor compounds. Moreover, the key active compounds was verified by in vitro experiments to validate the reliability of our approaches. Our study provides a novel integrated strategy to comprehensively understand the pharmacological activities of complex components in Maotai liquor.
Does the addition of concurrent visual feedback increase adherence to a home exercise program in people with stroke: a single-case series?
Authors: Levy Tamina , Crotty Maria , Laver Kate , Lannin Natasha , Killington Maggie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective Evidence is accumulating for the potential benefits of technology use in stroke rehabilitation. However, few studies have examined ways in which technology can be used to increase adherence to programs after discharge from rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to determine if the addition of concurrent visual feedback, via a tablet computer, increased adherence to an exercise program following stroke. Ten participants were provided with a self-administered exercise program and were asked to perform 60 minutes of the exercises daily. After a baseline phase (one week), participants were given a tablet computer (two weeks) and were asked to video record each exercise session. The tablet computer was removed during the fourth week of the program. Results Exercise duration over the four weeks was investigated using the two-standard deviation (2 SD) band method. A statistically significant effect was observed in four out of ten cases, demonstrated by two successive data points occurring outside the 2 SD band during the intervention phase, suggesting that adherence was increased in response to the tablet computer use. This preliminary study indicates that the use of visual feedback, via a tablet computer, may increase adherence to an exercise program in people with stroke.
Association between sleep quality and central obesity among southern Chinese reproductive-aged women
Authors: Li Bingbing , Liu Nan , Guo Donghui , Li Bo , Liang Yan , Huang Lingling , Wang Xiaoxiao , Su Zhenzhen , Zhang Guozeng , Wang Peixi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Females are more prone to complain about sleep problems. Poor sleep quality in this group may make them more vulnerable to suffering obesity and other diseases, which can seriously affect their fitness and quality of life. Nevertheless, the connections between sleep quality and central obesity among reproductive-aged women are not clear. The aims of this study were to explore the association between sleep quality as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and central obesity among Chinese reproductive-aged women and to identify the independent contributions of sociodemographic characteristics, health-related factors, and sleep quality to central obesity. Methods In this cross-sectional survey, 2449 Chinese reproductive-aged women aged 18-49 years were studied. Sleep quality was assessed using the Chinese version of the PSQI. Central obesity as the outcome of interest was a binary variable; women were categorized as with versus without central obesity. Clustered logistic regression was used to analyze the independent contribution of sleep quality to central obesity. Results The risk of central obesity increased significantly with poor sleep quality (assessed by global PSQI score) (adjusted OR(Odds Ratio)=2.20 per SD increase; P=0.004), increased sleep disturbance score (adjusted OR=1.11 per SD increase; P=0.042) and decreased subjective sleep quality score (adjusted OR=0.81 per SD increase; P<0.001). The independent contribution of sleep quality was 9.9%, less than those of sociodemographic (73.3%) and health-related (16.8%) variables. Among complaints related to sleep disturbance, the inability to breathe comfortably and having bad dreams showed significant associations with central obesity. Conclusions There exists some degree of correlation between sleep quality and central obesity among Chinese reproductive-aged women. Understanding this link has public health relevance because of the important role sleep plays in health. It also has some implications for the discovery of novel strategies to prevent central obesity and the implementation of weight maintenance programs in this population group.
Association between maternal high-risk fertility behavior and anemia among reproductive age women in Ethiopia
Authors: Fadl Noha , Haile Zelalem T. , Ice Gillian H. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives Anemia constitutes a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries. The purpose of this study was to examine the individual and combined influence of high-risk fertility behavior on anemia among reproductive age women in Ethiopia.Methods Secondary data analysis was conducted using a nationally representative sample of women aged 15-49 years from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (n=5799). Anemia status was the outcome of interest. Maternal high-risk fertility behaviors were measured using maternal age at delivery, birth order and birth interval. Descriptive statistics and multivariable regression models were performed.Results Overall, 28.7% of women had anemia and 71.4% experienced at least one high-risk fertility behavior. In the multivariable model, there was a significant interaction between high-risk fertility behavior and place of residence on anemia. Women with any high-risk fertility behavior were more likely to have anemia than women without any high-risk fertility behavior. However, the strength of association differed by place of residence (AOR: 2.68; 95% CI, 1.26-5.67 for urban and AOR: 1.27; 95% CI, 1.01-1.61 for rural residents). Single high-risk fertility behavior was significantly associated with anemia only among urban residents (AOR: 2.65; 95% CI, 1.20-5.83). Multiple high-risk fertility behavior significantly increased the odds of anemia, with stronger association among urban residents (AOR: 2.82; 95% CI, 1.14-6.95) than rural residents (AOR: 1.56; 95% CI, 1.11-2.19).Conclusions Place of residence moderated the relationship between high-risk fertility behaviors and anemia. Our findings suggest the need for context-specific strategies and interventions to prevent anemia.