bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health information needs regarding diabetes mellitus in China: an Internet-based analysis
Authors: Wang Hao Tian , Wang Tian-Hao , Zhou Xiao-Feng , Ni Yuan , Pan Zhi-Gang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Today, most people use the Internet to seek online health-related information from general public health-related websites and discussion groups .However, there are no Internet-based analyses of health information needs pertaining to diabetes in China until now. with the development of artificial intelligence,we can analyzed these online health-related information and provide references for health providers to improve their health service. Methods we have done a study of statistically analyzing the questions about diabetes collected from 39 health website, the number of which is 151,589. We have divided these questions into 9 categories using a convolutional neural network Results The diabetes problems of consumer are presented as follows, diagnosis: 34.95%, treatment: 25.17%, lifestyle: 21.09%, complication: 8.00%, maternity-related:5.00%, prognosis: 2.59%, health provider choosing: 1.40%, prevention: 1.23%, others: 0.58%, The elderly are more concerned about the treatment and complications of diabetes, while the young are more concerned about the maternity-related and prognosis of diabetes.The diabetes drugs most frequently mentioned by consumers are insulin, metformin and Xiaoke pills，The most concerned complication is caidiovascular disease and diabetic eye disease. Conclusion Diabetes health education should focus on how to prevent diabetes and the contents of health education should be different for differernt age groups;on diabetes treatment, the use of insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs education should be strengthened.
Health-related quality of life among 13–14 year old adolescents with overweight - a mixed methods approach
Authors: Sundar Turid Kristin Bigum , Riiser Kirsti , Småstuen Milada , Opheim Randi , Løndal Knut , Glavin Kari , Helseth Sølvi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Overweight and obesity are public concerns with risk of adverse health outcomes. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is lower in adolescents than children in general. An increase in body mass index (BMI) is associated with a decrease in HRQoL. The purpose of this study was to measure and explore the HRQoL among adolescents with overweight or obesity who had participated in an intervention study, Young & Active, with the aim of increasing physical activity (PA), reducing BMI and promoting HRQoL. Methods: Mixed methods, with a convergent design, were used to investigate how different methodological approaches could expand our understanding of the adolescents’ HRQoL. Quantitative post-intervention data on HRQoL were collected among the 84 intervention participants, aged 13–14 years, using the KIDSCREEN 52 questionnaire. The data were compared with a Norwegian reference population of 244 individuals, and analysed using a non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 adolescents from the intervention. A directed approach to content analysis was adopted, using the ten sub-scales from KIDSCREEN 52. Results: HRQoL in the intervention sample was significantly reduced on the sub-scale of physical well-being compared to the reference population. The reference population scored significantly lower than the intervention sample on the sub-scale of parent relation and home life. No significant differences were found on the other sub-scales. The qualitative data supported the quantitative findings on the sub-scale of physical well-being, but showed that perceptions of fitness, energy level or health could vary. Regarding parent relations, the interviewees extended this to include relationships to other family members as equally important. Most of the interviewees expressed a negative view of their bodies, but not their clothing or accessories. This may explain why no statistically significant differences were found on these aspects in the results from the KIDSCREEN questionnaire.Conclusion: The use of the KIDSCREEN 52 instrument gave important indications about the adolescents’ HRQoL and need for additional follow up. The qualitative data provided an in-depth understanding that nuanced the findings and widened our knowledge of the adolescents HRQoL. Combining methods enabled a comprehensive approach to research on HRQoL.
The regulatory role of the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway in the mechanisms of tooth eruption in patients with impacted teeth
Authors: Brodetska Ludmila , Natrus Larysa , Lisakovska Olha , Kaniura Olexandr , Iakovenko Liudmyla , Skrypnyk Irina , Flis Petro 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Tooth impaction is a common problem in orthodontic practice and in some cases accompanied by pain and pathological changes of surrounding teeth. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying tooth impaction allows finding the most effective orthodontic treatment for patients with impacted teeth (IT). RANK (receptor activator of NF-κB) / RANKL (RANK ligand) / OPG (osteoprotegerin) signaling pathway controls bone resorption and may be involved in the regulation of tooth eruption. The aim of the study was to evaluate the bone remodeling based on the assessment of the RANKL/RANK/OPG status in patients with IT. Methods: Bone samples from 18 patients (mean age 25.27±3.34) were divided into 3 groups: 1 – bone tissue of healthy persons (control group); 2 – bone tissue taken near the healthy tooth in patients with tooth impaction; 3 – bone tissue taken near the IT. Levels of RANKL, RANK, OPG, osteocalcin (OC), NF-κB p65 subunit, NFATc1 and caspase-3 were determined by Western blotting. The difference between groups was assessed by one-way ANOVA. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: We established a 1.73-fold elevation of RANK level in the IT area vs. control, indicating the recruitment of preosteoclasts. An increase in RANKL, OPG and OC content was demonstrated (by 1.46, 1.48, and 1.42 fold respectively), reflecting high activity of osteoblasts near the IT. Despite the activation of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system in the impaction area, NF-κB and NFATc1 levels did not change compared vs. control, indicating a blocked/delayed process of osteoclastogenesis. We found a decrease in the content of procaspase-3 (1.28-fold), while the level of its active form p17 increased by 2.26 fold near the healthy tooth in patients with IT compared with control. In the area of ​​IT we observed an increase in procaspase-3 and p17 levels (1.32 and 1.78 fold). This reflects impairments of caspase-3 activation and accumulation of its inactive form in the IT area that may contribute to the tooth eruption failure.Conclusions: Tooth impaction may be associated with the disturbances in the caspase-3 cascade activation and the imbalance in the RANKL/RANK/OPG system, and as a result, blocked bone resorption.
The effect of a 5-year hand hygiene initiative based on the WHO Multimodal Hand Hygiene Improvement Strategy: an interrupted time-series study.
Authors: Suzuki Yumi , Morino Motoko , Morita Ichizo , Yamamoto Shigenori 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: A World Health Organization (WHO) guideline-based multimodal hand hygiene (HH) initiative was introduced hospital-wide to a nonteaching Japanese hospital for 5 years. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of this initiative in terms of changes in alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) consumption and the Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework (HHSAF) score.Methods: The consumption of monthly hospital-wide ABHR was calculated in L per 1000 patient days (PDs). The change in ABHR consumption was analysed by an interrupted time series analysis with a pre-implementation period of 36 months and an implementation period of 60 months. The correlation between annual ABHR consumption and the HHSAF score was estimated using Pearson’s correlation coefficients.Results: The annual ABHR consumption was 4.0 (L/1000 PDs) to 4.4 in the pre-implementation period and 10.4 to 34.4 in the implementation period. The HHSAF score was 117.5 (out of 500) in the pre-implementation period and 267.5 to 445 in the implementation period. A statistically significant increase in the monthly ABHR consumption (change in slope: + 0.479 L/1000 PDs, p < 0.01) was observed with the implementation of the initiative. Annual ABHR consumption was strongly correlated with the annual HHSAF score (r = 0.971, p < 0.01).Conclusions: A 5-year WHO-based HH initiative significantly increased ABHR consumption. Our study suggested that the HHSAF assessment can be a good process measure to improve HH in a single facility, as ABHR consumption increased with the HHSAF score.
Perceptions and experiences of men and women towards acceptability and use of contraceptives in underserved areas of Karachi, Pakistan: A Midline Qualitative Assessment of Sukh Initiative, Karachi Pakistan
Authors: Saleem Sarah , Rizvi Narjis , Feroz Anam , Reza Sayyeda , Jessani Saleem , Abrejo Farina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Family planning (FP) is an essential component of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and contributes directly to SDG targets 3.7 and 5.6. In Pakistan, contraceptive use has remained stagnant over the past 5 years. This change has been very slow when compared to the FP2020 pledge. The Sukh initiative project was conceived and implemented to alleviate these challenges by providing access to quality contraceptive methods in some underserved areas of Karachi, Pakistan. A qualitative study was conducted to understand the perceptions and experiences of men and women towards acceptability and contraceptive use.Methods: A qualitative study was conducted at ten Sukh stations located in four towns of Karachi. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with Married Women of Reproductive Age (MWRA) and married men who received FP services through the Sukh initiative. Study participants were purposively sampled for focus group discussions (FGDs). Interview data was manually transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: A total of 20 FDGs (Men=10 FGDs; MWRA=10 FGDs) were conducted. Three overarching themes were identified: (I) Appropriateness and means to promote contraceptive use; (II) Equity and Accessibility to contraceptives; and (III) Perspective on available FP services. Generally, both men and women were informed about FP methods but women were more cognizant of FP information. The Door to Door services by community health workers in Sukh initiative areas was largely appreciated both by women and men as it has made the accessibility and availability of the information and services easy. Women suggested that the Sukh initiative should bring some strategies that can help men broaden their perspective towards FP. The study informed that the men feel left out from the FP programs. Therefore, male participants expressed keen interest in initiatives for men in their communities that would cater to their FP needs.Conclusions: This qualitative study provided a unique opportunity to understand the perceptions of men and women towards the phenomena of contraceptive use. The study identified the need for trained and qualified female and male healthcare providers and well-established health facilities alongside door-to-door services.
Evaluation of Buccal Damage Associated With Acute Inhalation Exposure to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) in Mice
Authors: Parizi José Luiz Santos , Tolardo Amanda Jodas , Lisboa Ana Carolina Gomes , Barravieira Bruna , Mello Fabíola de Azevedo , Rossi Renata Calciolari , Nai Gisele Alborghetti 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The herbicide dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is one of the most widely used crop spraying products in the world. Some pesticides induce the degranulation of mast cells and increase allergic responses. This is the first study to evaluate the damage to the oral mucosa after an experimental simulation of environmental inhalation exposure to the 2,4-D herbicide. The aim of this study was evaluate the possible oral damage caused by acute inhalation exposure to the herbicide 2,4-D. Methods A total of 80 Swiss male mice were divided into 4 groups (n = 20) and evaluated at different time intervals (24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 8 days), with 5 animals / period. The animals were divided into the following groups: SG: nebulization with sodium chloride solution; LCG: pesticide nebulization with 3.71 x 10 -3 grams of active ingredient per hectare (g.i.a. / ha); MCG: pesticide nebulization with 6.19 x 10 -3 g.i.a. /ha; and HCG: pesticide nebulization with 9.28 x 10 -3 g.i.a. /ha. The tongues of the mice were collected for histopathological analysis. Results There was a difference between the exposure concentrations in relation to tissue congestion intensity (p = 0.002) and mast cell counts (p = 0.002), a difference in the evaluation of the interaction between the exposure concentrations and nebulization time in the dorsum epithelium thickness (p = 0.013), and a significant correlation between the epithelial thickness and the number of nucleoli organizing regions on the dorsum of the tongue (p = 0.048). Conclusions Even after acute exposure, the herbicide 2,4-D had the potential to damage the oral epithelium, especially at higher doses.
The ProBio Trial: Molecular Biomarkers for Advancing Personalized Treatment Decision in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Crippa Alessio , De Laere Bram , Discacciati Andrea , Larsson Berit , Connor Jason T. , Gabriel Erin E , Thellenberg Camilla , Jänes Elin , Enblad Gunilla , Ullen Anders , Hjälm-Eriksson Marie , Oldenburg Jan , Ost Piet , Lindberg Johan , Eklund Martin , Grönberg Henrik 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Multiple therapies exist for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, their improvement on progression free survival (PFS) remains modest, potentially explained by tumour molecular heterogeneity. Several prognostic molecular biomarkers have been identified for mCRPC that may have predictive potential to guide treatment selection and prolong PFS. We designed a platform trial to test this hypothesis.Methods: The Prostate-Biomarker (ProBio) study is a multi-center, outcome-adaptive, multi-arm, biomarker-driven platform trial for tailoring treatment decisions for men with mCRPC. Treatment decisions in the experimental arms are based on biomarker signatures defined as mutations in certain genes/pathways suggested in the scientific literature to be important for treatment response in mCRPC. The biomarker signatures are determined by targeted sequencing of circulating tumor and germline DNA using a panel specifically designed for mCRPC.Discussion: Patients are stratified based on the sequencing results and randomized to either current clinical practice (control), where the treating physician decides treatment, or to molecularly driven treatment selection based on the biomarker profile. Outcome-adaptive randomization is implemented to early identify promising treatments for a biomarker signature. Biomarker signature-treatment combinations graduate from the platform when they demonstrate 85% probability of improving PFS compared to the control arm. Graduated combinations are further evaluated in a seamless confirmatory trial with fixed randomization. The platform design allows for new drugs and biomarkers to be introduced in the study.Conclusions: The ProBio design allows promising treatment-biomarker combinations to quickly graduate from the platform and be confirmed for rapid implementation in clinical care.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03903835Date of registration: April 4, 2019URL of trial registry record: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03903835Status: Recruiting
Long-Term Transmission Patterns and Public Health Policies Leading to Malaria Elimination in Panamá
Authors: Hurtado Lisbeth , Cumbrera Alberto , Rigg Chystrie , Perea Milixa , Santamaría Ana María , Chaves Luis Fernando , Moreno Dianik , Romero Luis , Lasso Jose , Caceres Lorenzo , Saldaña Azael , Calzada Jose Eduardo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The present study provides a countrywide perspective of the malaria situation in Panama over a long-term framework, with the purpose of identifying historical malaria resurgence events and their potential causes. Methods: A descriptive-ecological study was conducted by analyzing demographic and epidemiological annual malaria time series data in Panamá (1884 – 2019) using several data sources. Malaria intensity indicators were calculated during the study period. We also analyze the effects of El Niño Southern Oscillation on malaria transmission using a retrospective analysis of malaria cases between 1957 and 2019. Results: Several factors were identified responsible for malaria resurgence in Panama, mostly related with Malaria Control Programme weakening. During the past 20 years (2000 – 2019) malaria has progressively increased its prevalence within indigenous settlements, with a predominance of male cases and a high proportion (15% of total cases) in children less than 5 years old. During this period a significant and increasing proportion of the P. falciparum total cases were imported. Our retrospective analysis (1957 - 2019) evidenced that ENSO has a significant impact on malaria transmission dynamics in Panama. Conclusions: Data analysis confirmed that although authorities have been successful in focalizing malaria transmission in the country, there are still neglected issues to be solved and important intercultural barriers that need to be addressed in order to achieve elimination of the disease by 2022. This information will be useful for targeting strategies by the National Malaria Control Programme.
Modern contraceptive use among female refugee adolescents in Northern Uganda: prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Bakesiima Ritah , Cleeve Amanda , Larsson Elin , Tumwine James K. , Ndeezi Grace , Danielsson Kristina Gemzell , Nabirye Rose Chalo , Kashesya Jolly Beyeza 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Adolescent pregnancies are persistently high among refugees. The pregnancies have been attributed to low contraceptive use in this population. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with modern contraceptive use among female refugee adolescents in Northern Uganda. Methods: This was a cross sectional study using both descriptive and analytical techniques. The study was carried out in Palabek refugee settlement in Northern Uganda from May to July 2019. A total of 839 refugee adolescents who were sexually active or in-union were consecutively enrolled. Interviewer administered questionnaires were used for data collection. Results: Modern contraceptive prevalence was 8.7% (95% CI: 7.0 to 10.8). The injectable was the most commonly used modern contraceptive method [42.5% (95% CI: 31.5 to 54.3)], and most of the participants had used the contraceptives for six months or less (59.7%). Reasons for not using modern contraceptives included fear of side effects (39.3%), partner prohibition (16.4%), and the desire to become pregnant (7.0%). Participants who were married (OR=0.11, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.35, p<0.001), cohabiting (OR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.93, p=0.032) or having an older partner (OR=0.93, 95% CI: 0.86 to 0.99, p=0.046) were less likely to use modern contraceptives.Conclusion: Modern contraceptive use among female refugee adolescents was very low, and few reported a desire to become pregnant, leaving them vulnerable to unplanned pregnancies. Least likely to use modern contraceptives were participants who were married/cohabiting and those having older partners implying a gender power imbalance in fertility decision making. There is an urgent need for innovations to address the gender and power imbalances within relationships, which could shape fertility decision-making and increase modern contraceptive use among refugee adolescents.
Reaching hard-to-reach men through home-based couple HIV testing among pregnant women and their male partners in Western Kenya: A qualitative study
Authors: Krakowiak Daisy , Makabong’o Pamela , Goyette Marielle , Kinuthia John , Osoti Alfred Onyango , Asila Victor , Gone Molly Ann , Mark Jennifer , Farquhar Carey 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Globally only 79% of adults living with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) know their status and men in sub-Saharan Africa are considered a particularly hard-to-reach population for HIV testing. Home-based HIV couple testing during the antenatal period is a safe and effective method that has been used to test male partners of pregnant women. The goal of this qualitative study was to identify elements that made couple testing successful and describe important characteristics of this home-based intervention from couples’ perspectives. Methods Couples who received scheduled home-based couple testing during pregnancy in Kisumu, Kenya, were purposively sampled based on HIV status from January to May 2015. An interviewer administered all of the in-depth interviews and two coders were directly involved in the data analysis and reconciled codes several times in the process. Results Twenty-one couples were enrolled: 9 concordant HIV-negative couples, 8 HIV discordant couples, 3 HIV concordant HIV-positive couples, and 1 whose concordance status was unknown. Median age at the time of home-based couple testing was 24 and 28 years for women and men, respectively. Median relationship duration was 3 years and couples had a median of two pregnancies. The major themes that emerged were that home-based couple testing 1) removed the female burden of requesting couple testing, 2) overcame logistical barriers associated with clinic-based testing, 3) encouraged participants to overcome their fear of testing and disclosure, 4) provided privacy in the home, and 5) provided quality time with the health advisors. Importantly, some women appreciated individual testing at the clinic before couple testing and some couples preferred skilled, anonymous health advisors delivering the intervention rather than known community health workers. Conclusions The results of this qualitative study suggest that home-based couple testing during pregnancy overcame many of the barriers that limit men’s access to and uptake of clinic-based testing. It encouraged participants to overcome their fear of testing and disclosure through a setting that afforded privacy and quality time with skilled health advisors. These qualitative results may help design effective partner and couple HIV testing programs in the antenatal setting and alongside or within other assisted partner notification services. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov registry: NCT01784783. Registered prospectively on June 15, 2012.