bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ermittlung der Grenzflächenpressung von Bauteilwerkstoffen in Schraubenverbindungen an Ringproben bei erhöhter Temperatur bis 300 °C
Authors: Kempf Andreas , Klein Marcus , Oechsner Matthias 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Fokus des Leichtbaus stellt die Bewertung der Flächenpressung in druckbeanspruchten Kontaktflächen von Schraubenverbindungen eine Herausforderung an den Konstrukteur dar, um das Werkstoffpotential des Bauteils für eine Gewichtsreduktion optimal auszunutzen.Wirkt neben den in der Regel bei der Montage vorherrschenden Raumtemperaturverhältnissen im Betrieb zusätzlich eine thermische Beanspruchung auf die Komponenten, ist von einer veränderten Druckbeanspruchbarkeit der geklemmten Bauteile auszugehen. Im Gegensatz zur Zugbeanspruchbarkeit liegen nur begrenzt Kennwerte für die Druckbeanspruchbarkeit bei erhöhter Temperatur vor. Zudem werden Werte vorranging an Vollzylinderproben, nicht an Proben mit einem Durchgangsloch und somit nicht an bauteilrelevanter Struktur einer Schraubenverbindung ermittelt. Dies führt in der Folge zur Verwendung von konservativen Richtwerten oder ungenauen Annahmen. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Erweiterung der beiden Prüfmethoden zur Ermittlung der Grenzflächenpressung bis 300 °C vorgestellt, welche in der Richtlinie 2230 Blatt 1, Ausgabe November 2015 des Vereins Deutscher Ingenieure e. V. (VDI) referenziert sind. Es sind Ergebnisse für zwei Stahl- und einen Aluminiumwerkstoff in Abhängigkeit der Prüftemperatur dargestellt. Des Weiteren werden Untersuchungen mit unterschiedlichen Prüfgeschwindigkeiten bei kontinuierlicher Versuchsführung sowie Prüfungen zur Untersuchung des Werkstoffverhaltens im diskontinuierlichen Druckversuch mit Haltezeiten bei erhöhter Temperatur vorgestellt.
Analytical stability in the Caledonian Symmetric Five-Body Problem
Authors: Steves B. A. , Shoaib M. , Sweatman Winston L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we develop an analytical stability criterion for a five-body symmetrical system, called the Caledonian Symmetric Five-Body Problem (CS5BP), which has two pairs of equal masses and a fifth mass located at the centre of mass. The CS5BP is a planar problem that is configured to utilise past–future symmetry and dynamical symmetry. The introduction of symmetries greatly reduces the dimensions of the five-body problem. Sundman’s inequality is applied to derive boundary surfaces to the allowed real motion of the system. This enables the derivation of a stability criterion valid for all time for the hierarchical stability of the CS5BP. We show that the hierarchical stability depends solely on the Szebehely constant $$C_0$$

C
0

which is a dimensionless function involving the total energy and angular momentum. We then explore the effect on the stability of the whole system of varying the relative sizes of the masses. The CS5BP is hierarchically stable for $$C_0 > 0.065946$$

C
0

>
0.065946

. This criterion can be applied in the investigation of the stability of quintuple hierarchical stellar systems and symmetrical planetary systems.
Studying Nonverbal Synchrony in Couple Therapy—Observing Implicit Posture and Movement Synchrony
Authors: Nyman-Salonen Petra , Tourunen Anu , Kykyri Virpi-Liisa , Penttonen Markku , Kaartinen Jukka , Seikkula Jaakko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResearch on nonverbal synchrony (movement coordination) in psychotherapy has recently attracted increased attention. Nonverbal synchrony has been shown to relate to the therapeutic alliance and outcome. However, research on nonverbal synchrony in couple therapy remains scarce. In this study, we examined the therapy process of one couple in detail and created a coding scheme to depict posture and movement synchrony. In this case study, we found that the relationship between nonverbal synchrony and the therapeutic alliance was complex. During the therapy process, the amount of nonverbal synchrony varied, as did the participants’ evaluations of the alliance. In couple therapy nonverbal synchrony could affect both the persons involved in it and the persons observing it. In one of the sessions, almost all the synchronies occurred between the female client and one of the therapists, and all except the female client evaluated the alliance to be weaker. In this case study, there were two therapists present, and the co-therapists’ synchrony was found to be important for the male client’s evaluations of the alliance. When there was more synchrony between the therapists, he evaluated the alliance to be stronger. Interestingly, the co-therapists’ synchrony seemed to peak in sessions that succeeded sessions with a weaker alliance, as if the therapists were implicitly making a joint effort to strengthen the alliance. A short episode from one session is given to illustrate the findings. Our coding scheme enables studying nonverbal synchrony (posture and movement synchrony) in couple therapy and combining the research results to other temporally precise data obtained from the sessions. More research is needed to validate the method.
Ontological Categorizations and Selection Biases in Cosmology: The Case of Extra Galactic Objects
Authors: Valore Paolo , Dainotti M. G. , Kopczyński Oskar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOne of the innovative approaches in contemporary philosophical ontology consists in the assumption of a plurality of ontologies based on different metaphysical presuppositions. Such presuppositions involve, among others, the identification of relevant properties for the objects of our domain as a guiding principle in uncovering what it is to be considered intrinsic and what could be the mere effect of selection preferences based on objective or subjective criteria. A remarkable example of the application of a background metaphysical theory in astrophysics is the problem of selection biases in detecting cosmological objects, such as supernovae, galaxies and gamma-ray bursts. We will show that it is valuable to be aware of the importance of uncovering this type of background theory to better understand selection effects and to promote a novel approach in scientific research.
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models of Probenecid and Furosemide to Predict Transporter Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions
Authors: Britz Hannah , Hanke Nina , Taub Mitchell E. , Wang Ting , Prasad Bhagwat , Fernandez Éric , Stopfer Peter , Nock Valerie , Lehr Thorsten 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo provide whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models of the potent clinical organic anion transporter (OAT) inhibitor probenecid and the clinical OAT victim drug furosemide for their application in transporter-based drug-drug interaction (DDI) modeling.MethodsPBPK models of probenecid and furosemide were developed in PK-Sim®. Drug-dependent parameters and plasma concentration-time profiles following intravenous and oral probenecid and furosemide administration were gathered from literature and used for model development. For model evaluation, plasma concentration-time profiles, areas under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) and peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) were predicted and compared to observed data. In addition, the models were applied to predict the outcome of clinical DDI studies.ResultsThe developed models accurately describe the reported plasma concentrations of 27 clinical probenecid studies and of 42 studies using furosemide. Furthermore, application of these models to predict the probenecid-furosemide and probenecid-rifampicin DDIs demonstrates their good performance, with 6/7 of the predicted DDI AUC ratios and 4/5 of the predicted DDI Cmaxratios within 1.25-fold of the observed values, and all predicted DDI AUC and Cmaxratios within 2.0-fold.ConclusionsWhole-body PBPK models of probenecid and furosemide were built and evaluated, providing useful tools to support the investigation of transporter mediated DDIs.
Higher-order metaphysics and the tropes versus universals dispute
Authors: Skiba Lukas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigher-order realists about properties express their view thatthere areproperties with the help of higher-order rather than first-order quantifiers. They claim two types of advantages for this way of formulating property realism. First, certain gridlocked debates about the nature of properties, such as the immanentism versus transcendentalism dispute, are taken to bedissolved(roughly: avoided). Second, a further such debate, the tropes versus universals dispute, is taken to beresolved(roughly: decided). In this paper I first argue that higher-order realism does not in fact resolve the tropes versus universals dispute. In a constructive spirit, I then develop higher-order realism in a way that leads to a dissolution, rather than a resolution, of this dispute too.
Von der „Blobology“ zur atomaren Auflösung der Kryo-Elektronenmikroskopie
Authors: Stark Holger 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt took almost a century to develop electron microscopy into a powerful method for high-resolution structure determination of proteins. Technical improvements in microscopy, detector technology, and image processing software contributed to the exponential growth of high-resolution structures of protein complexes determined by cryo-electron microscopy in recent years. We now succeeded in breaking another resolution barrier in cryo-electron microscopy and for the first time in achieving true atomic resolution, where single atoms in the protein can indeed be visualized individually. These improvements in cryo-EM indicate that the method will continue to gain importance, not only as a method for structure determination but also in the development of new drugs in pharmaceutical research.
Warum Mikroorganismen Naturstoffe produzieren
Authors: Krespach Mario K. C. , Stroe Maria C. , Brakhage Axel A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA key role in the communication between fungi and bacteria is played by natural products. Many of their encoding gene clusters are silent under standard laboratory conditions. Interspecies “talk” between microorganisms represents an ecological trigger to activate such silent gene clusters and leads to the formation of novel natural products by the involved species. The understanding of both the activation of silent gene clusters and the ecological function of the produced compounds is of importance to reveal functional microbial interactions required to shape microbiomes.
Bioplastikproduktion mithilfe eines extremophilen kathodischen Biofilms
Authors: Jung Tobias , Hackbarth Max , Horn Harald , Gescher Johannes 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs the atmospheric CO2 concentrations are increasing, its usage as biotechnological substrate becomes a focus area of applied scientists. As a rather new technique to energize the process of CO2 fixation, microbial electrosynthesis offers the advantage to establish continuous processes based on a cathodic biofilm that is supplied with electrical energy provided by renewable resources. Here we present the cathodic biofilm growth of Kyrpidia spormannii, a recently isolated thermophilic organism that is naturally capable of producing the biodegradable biopolymer polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB).
Dependent Arising and Interdependence
Authors: Anālayo Bhikkhu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Buddhist teaching on dependent arising (or dependent origination) concerns specific conditions whose presence is indispensable for something to come into existence. In the early stages of Buddhist history, the overarching concern of this doctrine was to identify the specific causes responsible for the human predicament, with a view to bringing about their cessation so as to become liberated. In later times, Buddhist exegesis developed various perspectives on causality, where in Huayan philosophy in particular the notion of interconnectedness or interdependence arose, according to which all phenomena relate to each other in one way or another. Despite its traction in the contemporary setting, this notion needs to be recognized as a later development that is by no means identical with the basic Buddhist teaching on dependent arising.
Health and welfare in organic livestock production systems—a systematic mapping of current knowledge
Authors: Åkerfeldt Magdalena Presto , Gunnarsson Stefan , Bernes Gun , Blanco-Penedo Isabel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis review aimed to systematically map and summarize the status of animal health and welfare in organic production. The prevalence of diseases and behavioural effects in organic dairy cow, beef cattle, sheep, pig, laying hen and broiler chicken were discussed in the context of the organic values and current knowledge on animal health and welfare. In total 166 peer-reviewed scientific publications between 2008 and 2020 were included. No strong evidence for neither inferior nor distinctly higher animal welfare in organic compared with conventional production could be supported. The welfare status of organic livestock is in general good in relation to the OIE definition of animal health and welfare. However, organic systems are still facing several challenges related to animal health and the arising of goal conflicts due to management and practical implications. Greater possibilities to perform species-specific behaviours in organic production systems, however, indicate that the organic standards offer a good framework for high animal welfare management. For organic dairy farmers, the main health problems are similar to those of non-organic farms; especially mastitis and lameness need improvement. Parasites, together with mastitis and lamb mortality, are important welfare issues in organic sheep production. Piglet mortality, leg problems, parasite load and increasing respiratory problems are of major relevance in organic pig production. For organic laying hens, major health challenges relate to feather pecking and cannibalism, parasites and possibilities to express species-specific behaviours. For organic broilers, dermatitis of footpads, hocks and breast are reported as main health issues.
Addressing contract cheating in Kosovo and international practices
Authors: Shala Sabiha , Hyseni-Spahiu Mimoza , Selimaj Afrim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough there is much research on the contract cheating phenomenon, there is very little research on the legal solutions available to address such problems and almost zero research on the contract cheating phenomenon specifically in Kosovo in the Western Balkan region. This article presents the current situation with regard to contract cheating in Kosovo and compares it to western countries, with the aim of identifying the best international practices for combating contract cheating. We also present the results of a study we conducted which suggest that the term “contract cheating” is not well defined in university legal documents, nor is there a consistent understanding of what constitutes contract cheating. Consequently, the perpetrators are not being punished. Results from our online survey also show that 5% to 20% of students use contract cheating services, and they are paying an estimated fee of between 100 and 200 euros and in some cases, more than 250 euros.
On models of blast overpressure effects to the thorax
Authors: Stottmeister Alexander , von Ramin Malte , Schneider Johannes M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractShock waves from explosions can cause lethal injuries to humans. Current state-of the-art models for pressure induced lung injuries were typically empirically derived and are only valid for detonations in free-field conditions. In built-up environments, though, pressure–time histories differ significantly from this idealization and not all explosions exhibit detonation characteristics. Hence, those approaches cannot be deployed. However, the actual correlation between dynamic shock wave characteristics and gradual degree of injury have yet to be fully described. In an attempt to characterize the physical response of the human body to complex shock-wave effects, viscoelastic models were developed in the past (Axelsson and Yelverton, in J Trauma Acute Care Surg 40, 31S–37S, 1996; Stuhmiller et al., in J Biomech. 10.1016/0021-9290(95)00039-9, 1996). We discuss those existing modeling approaches especially in view of their viscoelastic behavior and point out drawbacks regarding their response to standard stimuli. Further, we suggest to fully acknowledge the experimentally anticipated viscoelastic behavior of the effective thorax models by using a newly formulated standard model for viscoelastic solids instead of damped harmonic oscillators. Concerning injury assessment, we discuss the individual injury criteria proposed along with existing models pointing out desirable improvements with respect to complex blast situations, e.g. the necessity to account for repeated exposure (criteria with time-memory), and further adaption with respect to nonlinear gas dynamics inside the lung. Finally, we present an improved modeling approach for complex blast overpressure effects to the thorax with few parameters that is more suitable for the characteristics of complex blast wave propagation than other current models.
Emotion regulation and support from others: Buffering of body dysmorphic symptoms in adolescent and young adult men but not women
Authors: Gardner Alex A. , Hawes Tanya , Zimmer‐Gembeck Melanie J. , Webb Haley J. , Waters Allison M. , Nesdale Drew 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionAdolescents and young adults who overemphasize the social values placed on an attractive appearance may develop body dysmorphic symptoms (BDS), defined as over‐preoccupation with perceived appearance flaws and repetitive behaviors to conceal the flaws. Further, research has found that a heightened expectation of judgement and rejection by others because of appearance (i.e., appearance‐based rejection sensitivity [appearance‐RS]) is both a maintaining and an aggravating factor in BDS. This study focused on emotion regulation (ER), appearance‐related support from others and self‐acceptance, expecting they would buffer the negative impact of appearance‐RS on BDS.MethodsParticipants included 782 Australian high school and young university students, aged 14–28 years (M = 17.94 years, 40% male) who completed a survey to report their BDS, appearance‐RS, ER, appearance‐related support from others and self‐acceptance.ResultsMultiple regression analyses revealed that youth reported more BDS when they were higher in appearance‐RS but reported less self‐acceptance, ER, and support from others. Further, the association between appearance‐RS and BDS was weaker when young people reported higher (relative to lower) ER and support from others. However, when three‐way interactions with gender were tested, these buffering effects were only significant for young men.ConclusionFindings suggest that ER and appearance‐related support from important others are promising targets for intervention, given they could mitigate the risk of appearance‐RS in young men. However, further research is needed to consider additional factors that buffer against the negative effects of appearance‐RS on BDS for young women.
An analysis of three distinct approaches to using defamation to protect corporate reputation from Australia, England and Wales, and Canada
Authors: Coe Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe use of defamation law to protect corporate reputation is controversial. Australia, Canada and England and Wales have been at the centre of this debate, as although their defamation laws share many common characteristics, they adopt distinct approaches to allowing companies to sue in defamation. Consequently, in all three jurisdictions defamation law remains a cause of action that is relied upon by companies to protect their reputations. The primary concern of this paper is the efficacy of these approaches,1 particularly in light of the reforms made to Australia's defamation laws, adopted in 2020, that further restrict the right of corporations to sue in defamation. Ultimately, it argues that the Australian and English and Welsh approaches disproportionately disadvantage companies, particularly small ones, whereas the Canadian approach overprotects corporate reputation. It concludes by offering an alternative way forward that, although not perfect, provides a better balance between the interests.
Educational intervention to improve palliative care knowledge among informal caregivers of cognitively impaired older adults
Authors: Noh Hyunjin , Lee Lewis H. , Won Chorong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveLack of palliative care knowledge among caregivers may pose an access barrier for cognitively impaired older adults, who may benefit from the specialized care. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effectiveness of an educational intervention in improving palliative care knowledge among informal caregivers of cognitively impaired older adults.MethodUsing a one-group, pre- and post-test intervention design, this study implemented an individual, face-to-face educational intervention with an informational brochure for 43 informal caregivers of chronically or seriously ill older adults (50+) with cognitive impairment, recruited from communities in West Alabama. Their level of knowledge about palliative care was assessed by the Palliative Care Knowledge Scale (PaCKS). The pre- and post-test scores were compared by the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, and the racial subgroup (Whites vs. Blacks) comparison was made by the Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-test scores (z = 5.38, p < 0.001), indicating a statistically significant effect of the educational intervention in improving palliative care knowledge among participants. There was a significant difference (U = 143, p < 0.05) between Whites and Blacks in the pre-test, which, however, disappeared in the post-test (U = 173.50, p > 0.05), suggesting that the amount of increased PaCKS scores were significantly greater for Blacks (Mdn = 9.50) than for Whites (Mdn = 4.00, U = 130.50, p < 0.05).Significance of resultsThis study demonstrated that a one-time educational intervention can improve the level of palliative care knowledge among informal caregivers of chronically or seriously ill older adults with cognitive impairment, particularly among Black caregivers. Therefore, further educational efforts can be made to promote palliative care knowledge and reduce racial disparities in palliative care knowledge and its use.