bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing methane ebullition variability across space and time in a Brazilian reservoir
Authors: Linkhorst Annika , Hiller Carolin , DelSontro Tonya , M. Azevedo Guilherme , Barros Nathan , Mendonça Raquel , Sobek Sebastian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe potent greenhouse gas methane (CH4) is readily emitted from tropical reservoirs, often via ebullition (bubbles). This highly stochastic emission pathway varies in space and time, however, hampering efforts to accurately assess total CH4 emissions from water bodies. We systematically studied both the spatial and temporal scales of ebullition variability in a river inflow bay of a tropical Brazilian reservoir. We conducted multiple highly resolved spatial surveys of CH4 ebullition using a hydroacoustic approach supplemented with bubble traps over a 12‐month and a 2‐week timescale to evaluate which scale of variation was more important. To quantify the spatial and temporal variability of CH4 ebullition, we used the quartile coefficients of dispersion at each point in space and time and compared their frequency distributions across the various temporal and spatial scales. We found that CH4 ebullition varied more temporally than spatially and that the intra‐annual variability was stronger than daily variability within 2 weeks. We also found that CH4 ebullition was positively related to water temperature increase and pressure decrease, but no consistent relationship with water column depth or sediment characteristics was found, further highlighting that temporal drivers of emissions were stronger than spatial drivers. Annual estimates of CH4 ebullition from our study area may vary by 75–174% if ebullition is not resolved in time and space, but at a minimum we recommend conducting spatially resolved measurements at least once during each major hydrologic season in tropical regions (i.e., in dry and rainy season when water levels are falling and rising, respectively).
A Novel Model Integration Network Inference Algorithm with Clustering and Hub Genes Finding
Authors: Li Wenchao , Zhang Wei , Zhang Jianming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGene regulatory network Inference with high accuracy based on gene expression data sets is one of the most challenging problems in computational biology. To improve the accuracy of gene regulatory network inference and find hub genes, we proposed a novel model integration network inference method with clustering and hub genes finding called MINICHG. The method is divided into three main steps: (1) using single models inference results based on three machine learning algorithms to construct feature matrix; (2) using k‐means to cluster gene pairs according to feature matrix; (3) hub genes finding. MINICHG integrates RF(Random Forest), GBDT (Gradient Boosting Decision Tree) and Pearson Correlation results with a novel weighted strategy in a semi‐unsupervised way. The designed optimization scheme in MINICHG considering sparse gold standard data characteristics is suitable for most gene regulatory network reconstruction. We evaluated the proposed method on simulated data sets from five Dream4 multifactorial data sets and Dream5 in silico data set and real data set from E.coli. The performance was better than other network inference methods with high accuracy and robustness.
Challenges and Learning Opportunities of Pre‐Registration Physiotherapy Placements in First Contact Settings: The Perspectives of Musculoskeletal First Contact Physiotherapists
Authors: Bassett Andrew Mark , Jackson Jo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesAs musculoskeletal first contact physiotherapy is rolled out into primary healthcare in Britain, this could offer up new practice‐based educational opportunities for pre‐registration physiotherapy students. Thus, the present study sought to explore the perceived challenges and learning opportunities of pre‐registration physiotherapy placements in musculoskeletal first contact physiotherapy settings from first contact physiotherapists' perspectives.MethodsUsing a qualitative strategy, 15 musculoskeletal first contact physiotherapists from different geographical locations in Britain, participated in telephone mediated semi‐structured interviews. Participants were self‐selected through a Chartered Society of Physiotherapy fortnightly bulletin and online forum for first contact physiotherapists, or recruited via snowball sampling. Interview transcripts were analysed according to framework analysis ‐ and the findings were member‐checked by proxy.ResultsThree core themes emerged: operational challenges, challenges for pre‐registration physiotherapy students and learning opportunities for pre‐registration physiotherapy students. Operational challenges included: ensuring sufficient support from first contact physiotherapy practice educators; financial cost implications of placements, and; lack of capacity within the existing first contact physiotherapy workforce to provide placements. Challenges for physiotherapy students involved: time pressures and stressors of a first contact physiotherapy placement; identifying red flags, and; complexity of patient presentations. Identified learning opportunities for physiotherapy students were: experience of a specialised physiotherapy role in a primary healthcare setting; bringing awareness of first contact physiotherapy as a potential career pathway, and; experience multidisciplinary team working in primary care.ConclusionsBy seeking the perspectives of first contact physiotherapists, this study provides the first step for the development of placements in an emerging practice area.
Mechanical behavior of porous solid considering mesoscopic elastic buckling
Authors: Zhang Hao‐Yue , Hu Xiao‐Xong , Zhao Gao‐Feng 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIn this work, the elastic buckling of porous solids was investigated using a lattice spring model (LSM). The capability of the LSM to solve elastic buckling problems was comprehensively verified by comparing well‐established numerical and analytical solutions. Following this, the buckling of a porous solid was studied, in which two porous structures were considered, ie, the random porous model and the Voronoi porous model. The results reveal that both the porosity and the shape of the pores influence the elastic buckling bearing capacity of the porous solid. Finally, the mechanical responses of a porous solid with an extra high porosity (0.85) were numerically investigated. Our numerical results demonstrated that the nonlinear elastic response of the porous solid might come from its mesoscale elastic buckling. This work shows the ability and promise of using the LSM as a fundamental numerical tool for the deep investigation of the buckling mechanical behavior of porous solids.
Interpersonal leader responses to secondary trauma in nonprofit human service organizations
Authors: Silard Anthony 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTSecondary trauma is concerned with the intrapersonal affective responses an individual can experience during or subsequent to an interaction(s) with another person who recounts his or her personal stories of abuse, trauma, or disempowerment. Secondary trauma can engender a host of detrimental intrapersonal effects on nonprofit staff who express empathy toward clients experiencing primary trauma. I explore the interpersonal‐level responses to secondary trauma‐affected staff available to the leaders of nonprofit human service organizations. These secondary trauma‐sensitive leader behaviors, I theorize, will reduce the prevalence of secondary trauma in nonprofit organizations and generate follower engagement.
LIGHT/TNFSF14 regulates estrogen deficiency‐induced bone loss
Authors: Brunetti Giacomina , Storlino Giuseppina , Oranger Angela , Colaianni Graziana , Faienza Maria F , Ingravallo Giuseppe , Di Comite Mariasevera , Reseland Janne E , Celi Monica , Tarantino Umberto , Passeri Giovanni , Ware Carl F , Grano Maria , Colucci Silvia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBone loss induced by ovariectomy is due to the direct activity on bone cells and mesenchymal cells and to the dysregulated activity of bone marrow cells, including immune cells and stromal cells, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely known. Here, we demonstrate that ovariectomy induces the T‐cell co‐stimulatory cytokine LIGHT, which stimulates both osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis by modulating osteoclastogenic cytokine expression, including TNF, osteoprotegerin, and the receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL). Predictably, LIGHT‐deficient (Tnfsf14−/−) mice are protected from ovariectomy‐dependent bone loss, whereas trabecular bone mass increases in mice deficient in both LIGHT and T and B lymphocytes (Rag
−/−Tnfsf14
−/−) and is associated with an inversion of the TNF and RANKL/OPG ratio. Furthermore, women with postmenopausal osteoporosis display high levels of LIGHT in circulating T cells and monocytes. Taken together, these results indicate that LIGHT mediates bone loss induced by ovariectomy, suggesting that patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis may benefit from LIGHT antagonism. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiation‐induced tissue damage and response
Authors: McBride William H , Schaue Dörthe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNormal tissue responses to ionizing radiation have been a major subject for study since the discovery of X‐rays at the end of the 19th century. Shortly thereafter, time–dose relationships were established for some normal tissue endpoints that led to investigations into how the size of dose per fraction and the quality of radiation affected outcome. The assessment of the radiosensitivity of bone marrow stem cells using colony‐forming assays by Till and McCulloch prompted the establishment of in situ clonogenic assays for other tissues that added to the radiobiology toolbox. These clonogenic and functional endpoints enabled mathematical modeling to be performed that elucidated how tissue structure, and in particular turnover time, impacted clinically relevant fractionated radiation schedules. More recently, lineage tracing technology, advanced imaging and single cell sequencing have shed further light on the behavior of cells within stem, and other, cellular compartments, both in homeostasis and after radiation damage. The discovery of heterogeneity within the stem cell compartment and plasticity in response to injury have added new dimensions to the consideration of radiation‐induced tissue damage. Clinically, radiobiology of the 20th century garnered wisdom relevant to photon treatments delivered to a fairly wide field at around 2 Gy per fraction, 5 days per week, for 5–7 weeks. Recently, the scope of radiobiology has been extended by advances in technology, imaging and computing, as well as by the use of charged particles. These allow radiation to be delivered more precisely to tumors while minimizing the amount of normal tissue receiving high doses. One result has been an increase in the use of schedules with higher doses per fraction given in a shorter time frame (hypofractionation). We are unable to cover these new technologies in detail in this review, just as we must omit low‐dose stochastic effects, and many aspects of dose, dose rate and radiation quality. We argue that structural diversity and plasticity within tissue compartments provides a general context for discussion of most radiation responses, while acknowledging many omissions. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Autopsy and postnatal follow‐up of prenatally diagnosed ventricular outpouchings
Authors: Zheng Min , Sun Lin , Liu Xiaowei , Wang Xin , He Yihua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesPrenatal ventricular outpouchings (VOs), which include congenital ventricular aneurysms (CAs) and congenital ventricular diverticula (CD), are very rare. We describe the features and outcomes of prenatal VOs diagnosed over a 4‐year period.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of cases of prenatal diagnoses of CAs and CD at our center between June 2014 and January 2018. The prenatal and postnatal echocardiogram data were reviewed, and telephone follow‐up was conducted of liveborn cases.ResultsA total of 25 VOs were identified. Two were lost to follow‐up, 15 chose termination of pregnancy, and eight resulted in livebirths. Only two cases underwent autopsy: Histopathology showed that the CA wall was substituted by collagen fibers. At follow‐up, none of the eight liveborn babies experienced adverse events, and three VOs near the tricuspid annulus almost disappeared, though one was extremely large.ConclusionsIn our center, all liveborn babies with VO had good prognoses. We hypothesize that VOs located near the right ventricular annulus may be caused by prenatally unbalanced pressure, given their decrease in size after birth when the right heart pressure declines.
Pneumonia‐related ideations, care‐seeking, and treatment behaviors among children under 2 years with pneumonia symptoms in northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Anaba Udochisom , Hutchinson Paul L. , Abegunde Dele , White Johansson Emily 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrompt treatment of pediatric pneumonia symptoms is a cornerstone of child survival programs but remains a challenge in Nigeria. Psychosocial influences, or ideations, directly influence pathways to care but have not been previously measured or examined for pediatric pneumonia.MethodsA two‐stage cluster‐sample cross‐sectional population‐based survey was conducted in Kebbi, Sokoto, and Zamfara States in September 2019. Across 108 enumeration areas, all households were enumerated to census pregnant women and randomly sample women with children under 2 years (“under‐twos”) for inclusion. Respondents were asked about pediatric pneumonia and other health‐related behaviors and ideations developed using the Ideation Model of Strategic Communication and Behavior Change. Prevalence ratios for predictors of care‐seeking from formal medical sources and antibiotic treatment for pneumonia symptoms among under‐twos were calculated using mixed‐effects Poisson regression models with robust error variance.ResultsAmong 350 under‐twos with pneumonia symptoms, 33.8% were taken to formal medical care and 38.0% used antibiotics. Women who positively viewed treatment efficacy and those who positively viewed health services quality had 1.35 (95% CI: 1.00‐1.82; P = .050) and 2.13 (95% CI: 1.35‐3.35; P = .001) times higher likelihood of attending formal medical sources, while women viewing peers as mostly attending drug shops had 29% lower likelihood. Perceived treatment efficacy and illness susceptibility were also significant predictors for antibiotic use.ConclusionsProgram interventions focusing on increasing pneumonia knowledge alone may not be sufficient to improve care‐seeking and treatment rates and should expand to address perceived and actual poor‐quality health services and maternal beliefs about treatment efficacy, social norms, illness severity, and susceptibility.
The multifarious roles of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A1 in viral infections
Authors: Kaur Ramandeep , Lal Sunil K. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryViruses are obligate parasites known to interact with a wide variety of host proteins at different stages of infection. Current antiviral treatments target viral proteins and may be compromised due to the emergence of drug resistant viral strains. Targeting viral‐host interactions is now gaining recognition as an alternative approach against viral infections. Recent research has revealed that heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A1, an RNA‐binding protein, plays an essential functional and regulatory role in the life cycle of many viruses. In this review, we summarize the interactions between heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) and multiple viral proteins during the life cycle of RNA and DNA viruses. hnRNPA1 protein levels are modulated differently, in different viruses, which further dictates its stability, function, and intracellular localization. Multiple reports have emphasized that in Sindbis virus, enteroviruses, porcine endemic diarrhea virus, and rhinovirus infection, hnRNPA1 enhances viral replication and survival. However, in others like hepatitis C virus and human T‐cell lymphotropic virus, it exerts a protective response. The involvement of hnRNPA1 in viral infections highlights its importance as a central regulator of host and viral gene expression. Understanding the nature of these interactions will increase our understanding of specific viral infections and pathogenesis and eventually aid in the development of novel and robust antiviral intervention strategies.
Nonlinear sliding sector design for multi‐input systems with application to helicopter control
Authors: Ozcan S. , Salamci M. U. , Nalbantoglu V. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe ability of helicopters to hover and land vertically has spurred an interesting field of research on the development of autonomous flight for these rotatory wing aircrafts. Linear control theory with gain scheduling, which is based on linearizing the system at the equilibrium points, dominated the helicopter autopilot design. Unlike the linear cascaded autopilot structure used in the existing literature, this paper uses state‐dependent linear like structure, including rate‐limited actuator dynamics, with cascaded autopilot topology. This approach allows nonlinear control laws to be implemented throughout the entire flight envelope, providing satisfactory robustness and stability over the various parameter uncertainties and time delays. The cascaded autopilot topology with nonlinear dynamical equations contains a new sliding sector control (SSC) mechanism which is derived for multi‐input nonlinear dynamical systems. The proposed SSC structure for multi‐input nonlinear systems is used in the inner loop of the cascaded autopilot system where the fastest dynamics are required to be controlled for rapid changes in the helicopter dynamical characteristics which enables one to stabilize the helicopter over a wide range of flight conditions. The proposed cascaded autopilot topology with the new SSC mechanism is tested in simulations to assess its robustness and stability properties. To establish its feasibility, the proposed control method is replaced with a suboptimal control method, namely state‐dependent differential Riccati equation (SDDRE) method, for the inner loop and the results of the proposed control architecture are compared with those of SDDRE method.
Developing and supporting the Next Generation Science Standards: The role of policy entrepreneurs
Authors: Hardy Ian , Campbell Todd 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDrawing upon interviews with key actors involved in the development of and support for the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) in the United States, this article shows how a potentially controversial reform came to be actively supported by senior educators. We utilize Kingdon's (2003, Agendas, alternatives, and public policies, 2nd ed.) concept of policy entrepreneurs to highlight how these educators navigated a complex and contested policy and political environment. We reveal the cogency of Kingdon's argument that specific agendas are dependent upon the coupling of particular problems with relevant policies and political support. However, at particular moments in time, the findings also show how those engaged in the NGSS found it beneficial to uncouple federal accountability agendas that would have limited support for the NGSS.
Chemically Prelithiated Hard‐Carbon Anode for High Power and High Capacity Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shen Yifei , Qian Jiangfeng , Yang Hanxi , Zhong Faping , Ai Xinping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHard carbons (HC) have potential high capacities and power capability, prospectively serving as an alternative anode material for Li‐ion batteries (LIB). However, their low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) and the resulting poor cyclability hinder their practical applications. Herein, a facile and effective approach is developed to prelithiate hard carbons by a spontaneous chemical reaction with lithium naphthalenide (Li‐Naph). Due to the mild reactivity and strong lithiation ability of Li‐Naph, HC anode can be prelithiated rapidly in a few minutes and controllably to a desirable level by tuning the reaction time. The as‐formed prelithiated hard carbon (pHC) has a thinner, denser, and more robust solid electrolyte interface layer consisting of uniformly distributed LiF, thus demonstrating a very high ICE, high power, and stable cyclability. When paired with the current commercial LiCoO2 and LiFePO4 cathodes, the assembled pHC/LiCoO2 and pHC/LiFePO4 full cells exhibit a high ICE of >95.0% and a nearly 100% utilization of electrode‐active materials, confirming a practical application of pHC for a new generation of high capacity and high power LIBs.
Scanning Probe Microscopy of Topological Structure Induced Electronic States of Graphene
Authors: Li Shichao , Liu Mengxi , Qiu Xiaohui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGraphene, as the first emerging 2D material, has attracted considerable attention because of its remarkable physical properties and potential applications in future electronic devices. Due to its planar structure and monoatomic thickness, graphene is susceptible to the presence of structural and topological defects in lattices, which can have a pronounced influence on the electrical, optical, thermal, and magnetic properties of this carbon allotrope. To unravel the structural disorders at the atomic scale, characterization techniques such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been widely employed. These techniques enable atomically resolved visualization of the lattice imperfection in graphene, as well as a simultaneous interrogation of the electronic states associated with the structural perturbations. This short review highlights the recent advances in the application of STM and AFM for investigating various defects in graphene, including vacancies, substitutional dopants, non‐hexagonal rings, 1D homo‐ and hetero‐boundaries, and stacking misorientation and faults at interlayers. The understanding of the intrinsic properties of structural and topological defects in graphene is essential for developing graphene‐based functional materials and related devices.