bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The High-Resolution Coronal Imager, Flight 2.1
Authors: Rachmeler Laurel A. , Winebarger Amy R. , Savage Sabrina L. , Golub Leon , Kobayashi Ken , Vigil Genevieve D. , Brooks David H. , Cirtain Jonathan W. , De Pontieu Bart , McKenzie David E. , Morton Richard J. , Peter Hardi , Testa Paola , Tiwari Sanjiv K. , Walsh Robert W. , Warren Harry P. , Alexander Caroline , Ansell Darren , Beabout Brent L. , Beabout Dyana L. , Bethge Christian W. , Champey Patrick R. , Cheimets Peter N. , Cooper Mark A. , Creel Helen K. , Gates Richard , Gomez Carlos , Guillory Anthony , Haight Harlan , Hogue William D. , Holloway Todd , Hyde David W. , Kenyon Richard , Marshall Joseph N. , McCracken Jeff E. , McCracken Kenneth , Mitchell Karen O. , Ordway Mark , Owen Tim , Ranganathan Jagan , Robertson Bryan A. , Payne M. Janie , Podgorski William , Pryor Jonathan , Samra Jenna , Sloan Mark D. , Soohoo Howard A. , Steele D. Brandon , Thompson Furman V. , Thornton Gary S. , Watkinson Benjamin , Windt David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe third flight of the High-Resolution Coronal Imager (Hi-C 2.1) occurred on May 29, 2018; the Sounding Rocket was launched from White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. The instrument has been modified from its original configuration (Hi-C 1) to observe the solar corona in a passband that peaks near 172 Å, and uses a new, custom-built low-noise camera. The instrument targeted Active Region 12712, and captured 78 images at a cadence of 4.4 s (18:56:22 – 19:01:57 UT; 5 min and 35 s observing time). The image spatial resolution varies due to quasi-periodic motion blur from the rocket; sharp images contain resolved features of at least 0.47 arcsec. There are coordinated observations from multiple ground- and space-based telescopes providing an unprecedented opportunity to observe the mass and energy coupling between the chromosphere and the corona. Details of the instrument and the data set are presented in this paper.
European Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs) and Radioisotope Heater Units (RHUs) for Space Science and Exploration
Authors: Ambrosi Richard M. , Williams Hugo , Watkinson Emily Jane , Barco Alessandra , Mesalam Ramy , Crawford Tony , Bicknell Christopher , Samara-Ratna Piyal , Vernon David , Bannister Nigel , Ross Duncan , Sykes Jonathan , Perkinson Marie-Claire , Burgess Christopher , Stroud Colin , Gibson Stephen , Godfrey Alexander , Slater Robert G. , Reece Michael J. , Chen Kan , Simpson Kevin , Tuley Richard , Sarsfield Mark , Tinsley Tim P. , Stephenson Keith , Freis Daniel , Vigier Jean-François , Konings Rudy J. M. , Fongarland Christophe , Libessart Martin , Merrifield James , Kramer Daniel P. , Byrne Jamie , Foxcroft Benjamin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRadioisotope power systems utilising americium-241 as a source of heat have been under development in Europe as part of a European Space Agency funded programme since 2009. The aim is to develop all of the building blocks that would enable Europe to launch and operate deep space and planetary missions in environments where use of solar power or alternative power generation technologies is challenging. Although some technical and policy work activity predate the ESA programme, the maturity of the technology has now reached a level that it can be incorporated in mission studies and roadmaps targeting the period from the mid 2020s onwards. This paper describes the state of the art in European radioisotope thermoelectric generators and radioisotope heater units. This paper includes: the evolution of the technical programme in detail; descriptions of the design; evolution of RTG and RHU devices from laboratory prototypes to more advanced fully functional systems; and experimental data obtained to date. This paper also outlines the technical challenges and multidisciplinary skills required to develop what is a world leading, original, significant and transformative technology solution for planetary science and exploration missions from the mid 2020s onwards.
Judgementalism about normative decision theory
Authors: Thoma Johanna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractJudgementalism is an interpretation of normative decision theory according to which preferences are all-things-considered judgements of relative desirability, and the only attitudes that rationally constrain choice. The defence of judgementalism we find in Richard Bradley’s Decision Theory with a Human Face (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2017) relies on a kind of internalism about the requirements of rationality, according to which they supervene on an agent’s mental states, and in particular those she can reason from. I argue that even if we grant such internalism, attitudes other than preferences in the judgementalist sense rationally constrain choice. This ultimately supports a different interpretation of preference.
Novel method of constructing generalized Hoberman sphere mechanisms based on deployment axes
Authors: Sun Xuemin , Yao Yan-An , Li Ruiming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study proposes a method of constructing type II generalized angulated elements (GAEs II) Hoberman sphere mechanisms on the basis of deployment axes that intersect at one point. First, the constraint conditions for inserting n GAEs II into n deployment axes to form a loop are given. The angle constraint conditions of the deployment axes are obtained through a series of linear equations. Second, the connection conditions of two GAEs II loops that share a common deployable center are discussed. Third, a flowchart of constructing the generalized Hoberman sphere mechanism on the basis of deployment axes is provided. Finally, four generalized Hoberman sphere mechanisms based on a fully enclosed regular hexahedron, arithmetic sequence axes, orthonormal arithmetic sequence axes, and spiral-like axes are constructed in accordance with the given arrangement of deployment axes that satisfy the constraint conditions to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.
The Effectiveness of Two Methods of Prescribing Load on Maximal Strength Development: A Systematic Review
Authors: Thompson Steve W. , Rogerson David , Ruddock Alan , Barnes Andrew 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundOptimal prescription of resistance exercise load (kg) is essential for the development of maximal strength. Two methods are commonly used in practice with no clear consensus on the most effective approach for the improvement of maximal strength.ObjectiveThe primary aim of this review was to compare the effectiveness of percentage 1RM (% 1RM) and repetition maximum targets (RM) as load prescription methods for the development of maximal strength.MethodsElectronic database searches of MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and CINAHL Complete were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies were eligible for inclusion if a direct measure of maximal strength was used, a non-training control group was a comparator, the training intervention was > 4 weeks in duration and was replicable, and participants were defined as healthy and between the ages of 18–40. Methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using a modified Downs and Black checklist. Percentage change (%) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all strength-based training groups were calculated. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) was reported from each study.ResultsTwenty-two studies comprising a total of 761 participants (585 males and 176 females) were found to meet the inclusion criteria. 12 studies were returned for % 1RM, with 10 for RM. All studies showed statistically significant improvements in maximal strength in the training groups (31.3 ± 21.9%; 95% CI 33.1–29.5%). The mean quality rating for all studies was 17.7 ± 2.3. Four studies achieved a good methodological rating, with the remainder classified as moderate.ConclusionsBoth % 1RM and RM are effective tools for improving maximal strength. % 1RM appears to be a better prescriptive method than RM potentially due to a more sophisticated management of residual fatigue. However, large heterogeneity was present within this data. Lower body and multi-joint exercises appear to be more appropriate for developing maximal strength. Greater consensus is required in defining optimal training prescriptions, physiological adaptations, and training status.
Achievement and Enhancement
Authors: Forsberg Lisa , Skelton Anthony 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe engage with the nature and the value of achievement through a critical examination of an argument according to which biomedical “enhancement” of our capacities is impermissible because enhancing ourselves in this way would threaten our achievements. We call this the argument against enhancement from achievement. We assess three versions of it, each admitting to a strong or a weak reading. We argue that strong readings fail, and that weak readings, while in some cases successful in showing that enhancement interferes with the nature or value of achievement, fail to establish that enhancement poses an unusual threat to achievement.
Moments of k-hop counts in the random-connection model
Authors: Privault Nicolas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe derive moment identities for the stochastic integrals of multiparameter processes in a random-connection model based on a point process admitting a Papangelou intensity. The identities are written using sums over partitions, and they reduce to sums over non-flat partition diagrams if the multiparameter processes vanish on diagonals. As an application, we obtain general identities for the moments of k-hop counts in the random-connection model, which simplify the derivations available in the literature.
Genomic data and the dividual self
Authors: McGonigle Ian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn response to a recent commentary (Tigard, in press) on my previous article, ‘The Collective Nature of Personalized Medicine’ (McGonigle, 2016), herein I discuss collective responsibilities and rights in relation to the ethics of genomic data and personalized medicine. I respond to and elaborate on some of the issues Tigard raises and I draw on the anthropological concept of ‘dividuality’ to emphasize the precisely shared nature of genomic data in order to illuminate the ethical complexity surrounding their protection. Overall, I argue that genomic data, by virtue of their distributed and shared nature, necessitate novel approaches for bioethical assessment.
Nigerian Forces Comforts Fund, 1940–1947: “The Responsibility of the Nigerian Government to Provide Funds for the Welfare of Its Soldiers”
Authors: Mordi Emmanuel Nwafor 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study seeks to make an original contribution to the historiography of Africa and the Second World War. It examines the efforts of the Nigerian government and the British Army towards the welfare and comforts of Nigerian soldiers during their overseas services from 1940 to 1947. Their deployments in East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia had brought the issue of their morale maintenance, namely comforts and welfare, to the fore. Extant Nigerian studies of the Second World War have been concerned with Nigerian contributions to Allied victory in terms of diverse economic exertions and those guided by charity towards Europeans affected by the German blitzkrieg, particularly in Britain. Consequently, this paper explains the genesis, objectives, and policy directions of the Nigerian Forces Comforts Fund and its impact on Nigerian servicemen's comforts and welfare. The study posits the argument that constant disagreements and indeed struggles for supremacy between the military and the civil power adversely affected troops’ comforts and welfare. Delayed postwar repatriation of the idle and bored troops to West Africa, in breach of openly proclaimed wartime promises, bred anxiety and made them prone to mutiny. The end of demobilisation in 1947 left many disgruntled ex-servicemen applying for reenlistment.
Reduced Enhancement of Memory for Faces Encoded by Semantic and Socioemotional Processes in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Park Paeksoon , Yamakado Hodaka , Takahashi Ryosuke , Dote Shikiho , Ubukata Shiho , Murai Toshiya , Tsukiura Takashi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectives:Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) exhibit impaired semantic and socioemotional processes, which are thought to be related to dysfunctions in the fronto-striatal circuit. However, little is known about how the memory enhancement by these processes was reduced in PD. The present study investigated this issue.Methods:The retrieval performance of face memories encoded by semantic and socioemotional processes was compared between 24 PD patients and 24 age-matched healthy controls (HC). During encoding, participants were presented with unfamiliar faces and made judgment about them in three encoding conditions of semantic judgment (Semantics), attractiveness judgment (Attractiveness), and form judgment (Form). In Semantics, participants rated to what degree each face looked like an office worker, whereas in Attractiveness, participants rated how attractive each face was. The Form condition as a control required participants to judge the shape of each face. During retrieval after encoding, participants made old or new judgment for target and distracter faces.Results:In HC, the retrieval of faces encoded by Semantics and Attractiveness was significantly more accurate than that encoded by Form, whereas this memory enhancement was not identified in PD. In addition, individual scores in frontal lobe function and long-term memory correlated with the retrieval performance of memories encoded in Semantics and Attractiveness but not Form.Conclusions:These findings suggest that the processing of semantic and socioemotional signals conveyed from faces could be impaired in PD and that the impairment of these processes could decrease the enhancement of face memories by semantic and socioemotional elaborations.
Planar 180° hybrid coupler with non-interspersed ports for millimeter-wave applications
Authors: Moghaddasi Jaber , Wu Ke 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a simple topology of 180° hybrid coupler with non-interspersed inputs and outputs, as opposed to the conventional rat-race topology. Such hybrid coupler topologies with inputs located on one side and outputs at the opposite side simplify the design of signal routings and module packaging when integrated with other circuits and components. It also relaxes the necessity of using auxiliary compensating components such as tapers, jumpers, and crossovers. The proposed coupler topology is theoretically analyzed through a T-matrix approach. The analysis comes up with design equations and diagrams that help choose the structural parameters for the desired specification. The simplicity and also the immunity against intrinsic parasitic effects within the proposed topology make it an excellent candidate for operation over any RF and millimeter-wave frequency bands, for applications such as automotive radar or E-band backhaul radio. To this end, a coupler based on the proposed scheme is realized for operation over 77 GHz and assessed through on-wafer measurements. Good agreement of the measured results with the simulated and analytical counterparts demonstrates the superior performance of the proposed 180° hybrid coupler.
Magma Degassing as a Source of Long‐Term Seismicity at Volcanoes: The Ischia Island (Italy) Case
Authors: Trasatti E. , Acocella V. , Di Vito M. A. , Del Gaudio C. , Weber G. , Aquino I. , Caliro S. , Chiodini G. , de Vita S. , Ricco C. , Caricchi L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTransient seismicity at active volcanoes poses a significant risk in addition to eruptive activity. This risk is powered by the common belief that volcanic seismicity cannot be forecast, even on a long term. Here we investigate the nature of volcanic seismicity to try to improve our forecasting capacity. To this aim, we consider Ischia volcano (Italy), which suffered similar earthquakes along its uplifted resurgent block. We show that this seismicity marks an acceleration of decades‐long subsidence of the resurgent block, driven by degassing of magma that previously produced the uplift, a process not observed at other volcanoes. Degassing will continue for hundreds to thousands of years, causing protracted seismicity and will likely be accompanied by moderate and damaging earthquakes. The possibility to constrain the future duration of seismicity at Ischia indicates that our capacity to forecast earthquakes might be enhanced when seismic activity results from long‐term magmatic processes, such as degassing
Arctic Soil Governs Whether Climate Change Drives Global Losses or Gains in Soil Carbon
Authors: Wieder William R. , Sulman Benjamin N. , Hartman Melannie D. , Koven Charles D. , Bradford Mark A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractKey uncertainties in terrestrial carbon cycle projections revolve around the timing, direction, and magnitude of the carbon cycle feedback to climate change. This is especially true in carbon‐rich Arctic ecosystems, where permafrost soils contain roughly one third of the world's soil carbon stocks, which are likely vulnerable to loss. Using an ensemble of soil biogeochemical models that reflect recent changes in the conceptual understanding of factors responsible for soil carbon persistence, we quantify potential soil carbon responses under two representative climate change scenarios. Our results illustrate that models disagree on the sign and magnitude of global soil changes through 2100, with disagreements primarily driven by divergent responses of Arctic systems. These results largely reflect different assumptions about the nature of soil carbon persistence and vulnerabilities, underscoring the challenges associated with setting allowable greenhouse gas emission targets that will limit global warming to 1.5°C.
VLF Emissions With Banded Structure in the 16‐ to 39‐kHz Frequency Range Measured by a High‐Latitude Ground‐Based Receiver
Authors: Macotela Edith L. , Němec František , Manninen Jyrki , Santolík Ondřej , Kolmašová Ivana , Turunen Tauno 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVery low frequency (VLF) emissions of natural origin were identified for the first time by analyzing 1‐hr ground‐based magnetic field spectrograms in the 0.2‐ to 39‐kHz frequency range. Data were used from the Kannuslehto radio receiver (L‐shell ~5.5), recorded during different campaigns between 2006 and 2019. The spectrograms exhibit banded structures, which consist of several strip elements that vary in time and frequency over the event duration. Statistical analysis of 95 events shows that they are observed in the frequency range that extends from 2 to ~37 kHz, and mainly appearing above 16 kHz. The events span from 4 to 110 min and occur in the evening sector (~17–01 magnetic local time), mostly during quiet geomagnetic conditions. Furthermore, they are primarily left‐handed polarized and are associated with bursts of lightning‐related radio emissions such as sferics and tweeks.
The Inertialized Rice Convection Model
Authors: Yang Jian , Wolf Richard , Toffoletto Frank , Sazykin Stanislav , Wang Wenrui , Cui Jun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Rice Convection Model (RCM) is an established first‐principles physics model in which the field‐aligned current density is computed by the Vasyliunas equation. Its slow‐flow assumption neglects the inertial term in the MHD momentum equation, which is a major obstacle to using the RCM to model some of the fluid dynamics of bursty bulk flows in the plasma sheet. This paper describes the RCM‐I, which represents an effort to approximately add inertial effects in the RCM by correcting the expression for field‐aligned currents. That inertial current is calculated under the assumption that the mass on each field line is concentrated near the equatorial plane. RCM‐I results are presented with magnetic fields calculated in two different ways: A static statistics‐based model and an MHD code. In both cases, the bubble flow velocities are much smaller and more realistic than those calculated from the traditional RCM. An additional promising feature is that the injection of a low‐entropy bubble produces interchange (braking) oscillations and buoyancy waves that radiate away from the original bubble, forming multiple flow vortices. None of these features could be produced by traditional RCM simulations. Comparison simulations also suggest that gradient and curvature drifts have substantial effect on oscillation of bubbles and tend to damp buoyancy waves. We also note that substantial work will be needed in the future to further improve the pressure distribution by inertializing an anisotropic version of the RCM and to understand the effects of neglecting the magnetosphere‐ionosphere communication time.
Interbasin Differences in the Median and Variability of Tropical Cyclone MPI in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Xu Jing , Wang Yuqing , Yang Chi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsing the 1980–2017 6‐hourly best‐track tropical cyclone data and global reanalysis data, we studied the interbasin differences in the median and variability of tropical cyclone maximum potential intensity (MPI) as a function of sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Atlantic (NA), eastern North Pacific (ENP), western North Pacific (WNP), and North Indian Ocean (NI). Results show that the MPI median increases by 4.8, 7.7, 6.4, and 4.4 m s−1 per degree increase in SST in the NA, ENP, WNP, and NI, respectively. The MPI is the largest in the NI at SST between 27 °C and 28.5 °C and in the ENP at SST above 28.5 °C, while is the smallest at SST below 29.5 °C in the WNP. The environmental factors that contribute to such interbasin differences were compared among basins. The greatest MPI in the ENP is largely contributed by the colder troposphere and drier boundary layer. The warmer troposphere and wetter boundary layer are responsible for the smallest MPI in the WNP. In the NA, the warmer outflow layer reduces the thermodynamic efficiency and partly offsets the positive contributions by the colder troposphere and drier boundary layer, resulting in the moderate MPI. In the WNP, the variability in MPI decreases with increasing SST across all four basins and is the largest. The large variability at low SSTs is largely contributed by the variability in air temperature, which includes both the air‐sea temperature difference and the outflow layer temperature, while the variability at relatively high SSTs is dominantly contributed by boundary layer moisture.