bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-compartment tumor organoids
Authors: Lee Meng-Horng , Rahmanto Yohan Suryo , Russo Gabriella , Wu Pei-Hsun , Gilkes Daniele , Kiemen Ashley , Miyamoto Tsutomu , Yu Yu , Habibi Mehran , Shih Ie-Ming , Wang Tian-Li , Wirtz Denis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOrganoid cultures are widely used because they preserve many features of cancer cellsin vivo. Here, we developed high-throughput oil-in-water droplet microtechnology to generate highly uniform, small-volume, multi-compartment organoids. Each organoid culture features a microenvironmental architecture that mimics both the basement membrane and stromal barriers. This matrix architecture, which allows accessing both proliferative and invasive features of cancer cells in a single platform, has profound effect on observed drug responsiveness and tumor progression that correlate well within vivoand clinical outcomes. The method was tested on multiple types of cancer cells including primary cells and immortalized cell lines, and we determined our platform is suitable even for cells of poor organoid-forming ability. These new organoids also allow for direct orthotopic mouse implantation of cancer cells with unprecedented success.
Essential histone chaperones collaborate to regulate transcription and chromatin integrity
Authors: Viktorovskaya Olga , Chuang James , Jain Dhawal , Reim Natalia I. , López-Rivera Francheska , Murawska Magdalena , Spatt Dan , Churchman L. Stirling , Park Peter J. , Winston Fred 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYHistone chaperones are critical for controlling chromatin integrity during transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair. We have discovered that the physical interaction between two essential histone chaperones, Spt6 and Spn1/Iws1, is required for transcriptional accuracy and nucleosome organization. To understand this requirement, we have isolated suppressors of anspt6mutation that disrupts the Spt6-Spn1 interaction. Several suppressors are in a third essential histone chaperone, FACT, while another suppressor is in the transcription elongation factor Spt5/DSIF. The FACT suppressors weaken FACT-nucleosome interactions and bypass the requirement for Spn1, possibly by restoring a necessary balance between Spt6 and FACT on chromatin. In contrast, the Spt5 suppressor modulates Spt6 function in a Spn1-dependent manner. Despite these distinct mechanisms, both suppressors alleviate the nucleosome organization defects caused by disruption of the Spt6-Spn1 interaction. Taken together, we have uncovered a network in which histone chaperones and other elongation factors coordinate transcriptional integrity and chromatin structure.
Pruriception and neuronal coding in nociceptor subtypes in human and nonhuman primates
Authors: Klein Amanda H , Solinski Hans Jürgen , Malewicz Nathalie M , Ieong Hada Fong-ha , Shimada Steven G , Hartke Timothy V , Wooten Matthew , Wu Gang , Hoon Mark A. , LaMotte Robert H , Ringkamp Matthias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn human, intradermal administration of β-alanine (ALA) and bovine adrenal medulla peptide 8-22 (BAM8-22) evokes the sensation of itch. Currently, it is unknown which human dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons express the receptors of these pruritogens, MRGPRD and MRGPRX1 respectively, and which cutaneous afferents these pruritogens activate in primate. In situ hybridization studies revealed that MRGPRD and MRGPRX1 are co-expressed in a subpopulation of TRPV1+ human DRG neurons. In electrophysiological recordings in nonhuman primates (Macaca nemestrina), subtypes of polymodal C-fiber nociceptors are preferentially activated by ALA and BAM8-22, with significant overlap. When pruritogens ALA, BAM8-22 and histamine, that activate different subclasses of C-fiber afferents, are administered in combination, human volunteers report itch and nociceptive sensations similar to those induced by a single pruritogen. Our results provide evidence for differences in pruriceptive processing between primates and rodents, and do not support the spatial contrast theory of coding of itch and pain.
Cryo-EM analysis of human mitochondrial Hsp90 in multiple tetrameric states
Authors: Liu Yanxin , Sun Ming , Elnatan Daniel , Larson Adam G. , Agard David A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHsp90 is a ubiquitous molecular chaperone that mediates the folding and maturation of hundreds of “client” proteins. Although Hsp90s generally function as homodimers, recent discoveries suggested that the mitochondrion specific Hsp90 (TRAP1) also forms functionally relevant tetramers. The structural mechanism of tetramer formation remains elusive. Here we used a combination of solution, biochemical and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) approaches to confirm that, independent of nucleotide state, a subpopulation of TRAP1 exists as tetramers. Unexpectedly, cryo-EM reveals multiple tetramer conformations having TRAP1 dimers arranged in orthogonal, parallel, or antiparallel configurations. The cryo-EM structure of one of the orthogonal tetrameric states was determined at 3.5 Å resolution. Each of the two TRAP1 dimers is in a symmetric AMP·PNP-bound closed state with the tetramer being stabilized through three distinct dimer-dimer interaction sites. In unique ways, each of the three TRAP1 domains contributes to tetramer formation. In addition to tetramerization via direct dimer-dimer contacts, our structure suggests that additional stabilization could come from domain swapping between the dimers. These results expand our understanding of TRAP1 biology beyond the conventional view of a functional dimer and provide a platform to further explore the function and regulation of tetrameric TRAP1 in mitochondria.
Resilient negotiators: the effects of trait negotiation resilience on behavior, perception and outcomes
Authors: Shacham Rotem , Nelson Noa , Ben-Ari Rachel 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThis study aims to test the contributions of a new type of resilience, Trait Negotiation Resilience (TNR; Nelsonet al., 2016), to negotiators’ effective behavior, perception of opponent and negotiation outcomes.Design/methodology/approachA laboratory study (N= 98; 49 dyads) featuring a mixed-motive negotiation task. Participants self-reported TNR (emotional skills, social sensitivity, intrinsic motivation for self-improvement and a sense of purpose to life events) up to a week before negotiating. After the negotiations, they rated their opponents on resilient, effective personal attributes and reported their own subjective value (SV). Trained judges watched the negotiations, coded objective outcomes and rated negotiators on dimensions of effective negotiation behavior. Statistical analyses accounted for dyadic interdependence.FindingsTNR predicted higher levels of effective negotiation behavior, which, in turn, fully mediated TNR’s favorable contribution to negotiated value. TNR also predicted higher levels of SV, and this contribution was partially mediated by perceiving effective personal attributes in the opponent.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample size was moderate and it consisted of undergraduate students, most of them female.Originality/valueEvidence on the contribution of a personality construct to both outcome and process negotiator variables; contribution to the research of specific types of resilience.
Securitization of the COVID-19 pandemic by metaphoric discourse during the state of emergency in Hungary
Authors: Molnár Anna , Takács Lili , Jakusné Harnos Éva 
Published: November 2020

PurposePoliticians' response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide relied on war scenarios having a tradition in disease management. The study contrasts how the political measures introduced during the state of emergency were presented by the Prime Minister of Hungary in his social media posts and his speeches and announcements broadcast by public media.Design/methodology/approachA computer-assisted content analysis was conducted to extract data on war and military metaphors, followed by a qualitative analysis of the metaphor scenarios used for explaining the situation and justifying action. The role of the prime minister (PM) indicated by the social media posts and by his transcripted speeches was compared with the suggestion of the visual illustrations.FindingsThe study’s findings were that verbal communication shifted between war-related metaphoric to military-related realistic. The third conceptual domain identified was fear. Messages were mostly about national cohesion, however, visually, the PM was the protagonist of the events. The communication proved efficient according to opinion polls.Originality/valueThe research revealed how the securitization of the pandemic took place via the political discourse constructed both for Internet users and traditional media consumers. Metaphors of fear, war and military action created the justification of the declaration of a state of emergency. The PM as a capable and responsible leader was placed in focus of the events. Although verbal messages by the PM were centred on a sense of community and joint action, the personalization of political action was remarkable by indirect means, such as visual messages. The personalization of politics throughout the period researched served the purpose of securitization of the pandemic with the PM as a charismatic leader attracting attention and giving credit to the severity of the threat along with the introduction of extraordinary measures.
Analysis of public reactions to the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak on Twitter
Authors: Noor Saleha , Guo Yi , Shah Syed Hamad Hassan , Fournier-Viger Philippe , Nawaz M. Saqib 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which started in late December 2019, has spread to more than 200 countries. As no vaccine is yet available for this pandemic, government and health agencies are taking draconian steps to contain it. This pandemic is also trending on social media, particularly on Twitter. The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze the general public reactions to the COVID-19 outbreak on Twitter.

Design/methodology/approach
This study conducts a thematic analysis of COVID-19 tweets through VOSviewer to examine people’s reactions related to the COVID-19 outbreak in the world. Moreover, sequential pattern mining (SPM) techniques are used to find frequent words/patterns and their relationship in tweets.

Findings
Seven clusters (themes) were found through VOSviewer: Cluster 1 (green): public sentiments about COVID-19 in the USA. Cluster 2 (red): public sentiments about COVID-19 in Italy and Iran and a vaccine, Cluster 3 (purple): public sentiments about doomsday and science credibility. Cluster 4 (blue): public sentiments about COVID-19 in India. Cluster 5 (yellow): public sentiments about COVID-19’s emergence. Cluster 6 (light blue): public sentiments about COVID-19 in the Philippines. Cluster 7 (orange): Public sentiments about COVID-19 US Intelligence Report. The most frequent words/patterns discovered with SPM were “COVID-19,” “Coronavirus,” “Chinese virus” and the most frequent and high confidence sequential rules were related to “Coronavirus, testing, lockdown, China and Wuhan.”

Research limitations/implications
The methodology can be used to analyze the opinions/thoughts of the general public on Twitter and to categorize them accordingly. Moreover, the categories (generated by VOSviewer) can be correlated with the results obtained with pattern mining techniques.

Social implications
This study has a significant socio-economic impact as Twitter offers content posting and sharing to billions of users worldwide.

Originality/value
According to the authors’ best knowledge, this may be the first study to carry out a thematic analysis of COVID-19 tweets at a glance and mining the tweets with SPM to investigate how people reacted to the COVID-19 outbreak on Twitter.
Evaluating the web accessibility of IIT libraries: a study of Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
Authors: Panda Subhajit , Chakravarty Rupak 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate and identify the status of Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) conformance levels (A, AA, AAA) and accessibility status in terms of Severity (Error, Warning and Review) and Responsibility (Editor, Webmaster and Developer) of Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT) Library websites based on Siteimprove Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) platform.Design/methodology/approachThe library websites of IITs were tested using Siteimprove web-tool to gather details pertaining to W3C's WCAG 2.1 standards. The data thus obtained were then visualized using spreadsheet software for greater insight. A partial correlation test was also done to assess the relationship between the three conformance levels.FindingsThe study could identify significant accessibility-related limitations of the IIT library websites concerning the three WCAG 2.1 conformance levels A (max IIT Bombay), AA (max IIT Dhanbad (ISM)) and AAA (max IIT Gandhinagar and IIT Varanasi (BHU)), Severity and Responsibility. A positive linear relationship exists amongst these conformance levels. The mean value of conformance levels were found to be 18.3 (A), 2.2 (AA) and 3.1 (AAA); Severity scores were found to be 14.4 (Error), 3.9 (Warning) and 5.2 (Review); and Responsibility scores were found to be 6 (Editor), 9.3 (Webmaster) and 8.3 (Developer), respectively.Practical implicationsThe study highlights the comparative picture of accessibility issues and conformance levels of the IITs' library website homepage with the help of results derived/based on Siteimprove Accessibility Checker. The findings of the study reveal that though the library website of IITs' in India possess a well-designed and easily navigable website homepage as far as their accessibility for VIPs is concerned, there are several issues that are still to be resolved.Social implicationsWorld Intellectual Property Organization's (WIPO) Marrakesh VIP Treaty (MVT) and the W3C's WCAG cater to the requirements and rights of the persons with vision-related disability of accessing information and knowledge building a steeper and deeper knowledge divide. Identifying and rectifying the shortcomings in the library websites will bridge the accessibility-divide and make the society more inclusive.Originality/valueNo previous study could be identified evaluating the accessibility issues of the library website of Indian IITs focussed on vision-disabled persons using Siteimprove. The methodology and approach of this paper have value in terms of reusability and reproducibility facilitating future studies.
Building relational research capacity in care homes in the COVID-19 era: applying recognition theory to the research agenda
Authors: Toms Gill , Green Stephanie , Orrell Alison , Verity Fiona 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
Research can be an influential driver in raising care home standards and the well-being and human rights of residents. This paper aims to present a case for how a relational research capacity building programme could advance this agenda.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses Axel Honneth’s Recognition Theory as a lens through which to explore organisational and institutional factors (such as research capacity and investment) that can either enable or limit “recognition” in the context of research in care homes. This paper draws on recent evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK and worldwide, to argue that such a relational capacity building agenda is even more pressing in the current context, and that it resonates with evidence from existing relational capacity building initiatives.

Findings
A lack of relevant research arguably contributed to the crisis experienced by the care home sector early in the pandemic, and there are only tentative signs that residents, care home providers and staff are now informing the COVID-19 research agenda. Evidence from pre COVID-19 and insights from Honneth’s Recognition Theory suggest that relational approaches to building research capacity within the care home sector can better generate evidence to inform practice.

Originality/value
This is a novel application of recognition theory to research in the care home sector. Drawing on theory, as well as evidence, has enabled the authors to provide a rationale as to why relationship-based research capacity building in care homes warrants further investment.
Women’s political representation in the local governance of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Authors: Matloob Tasmia , Shabbir Malik Shahzad , Saher Noreen 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study to identify the role of women in political agenda at Azad Jammu Kashmir. The political parties are always considered main gatekeepers to women’s political representation. Existing scholarship highlights the significance of centralized political institutions (parties) with structured set up for the effective representation of women at different levels. However, the functioning of these institutions is greatly influenced by the social and cultural context of a country in which they operate.Design methodology/approachThis paper mainly analyzes social and cultural practices and those informal ways that operate within the exited democratic government setup and creates serious obstacles for women’s effective political representation at the party level. For this purpose, a qualitative research methodology is used to get the full insight of the issue at hand. The authors conducted 25 in-depth interviews with women members of three different political parties.FindingsThe results revealed that both (social context and political structure) have a significant impact on women’s nature and level of participation in the political processes in Azad Jammu and Kashmir.Originality valuePrevailing social and political context of Pakistan does not support a truly democratic and centralized political system. Parties are weak entities with the less democratic organizational structure, which ultimately have a negative impact on women’s political representation.
Hearts and Muscles: Emotional Communities and Physical Culture Magazines in 1900s Ireland
Authors: Heffernan Conor 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn 1898, the Prussian physical culturist Eugen Sandow officially launched his magazine of physical culture. A pastime more akin to bodybuilding than sport, physical culture rose to prominence in the closing decades of the nineteenth century, primarily amongst interested males. Through an examination of submissions and contributions to Sandow's magazine, the present article seeks to contribute to the current historiography concerning masculinity in Ireland. Utilising Rosenwein's theory of emotional communities, that is to say groups in which certain emotions are valued higher than others, the goal of the article is twofold. In the first instance, the article highlights Irishmen's engagement and interest in physical culture with reference to broader ideas about desirable male forms. Once established, the article uses pictorial and written submissions by Irishmen to explore the emotional discourses expressed by men in Sandow's magazine, namely feelings of pride, shame and anxiety. In doing so, the article sheds light on a previously unexplored area of Irish masculinity during this period, and points towards the importance that emotional discourses have in the creation of masculinities more generally.
Unwanted Distribution of Children's Images and the Right to Development
Authors: Bunn Anna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe unwanted distribution of images of children and young people is an issue of concern for many, including young people themselves and those who advocate for them. This article draws on research into child development, self‐presentation, and the developmental implications of computer mediated communication to suggest that distribution of images of children and young people, where unwanted by the image subject, can have implications for development, particularly the development of self‐esteem. It is suggested that an awareness of these implications can and should inform the legal response to the problem of unwanted distribution of images of children and that there is a need to move the discussion about unwanted distribution of images beyond its traditional realm of personality rights and the discourse on privacy. A take‐down scheme relating to images of children is proposed as one response to the problem of unwanted image sharing, particularly in the online realm.
Plasma‐mediated enhancement of enzyme secretion in Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Veerana Mayura , Mitra Sarmistha , Ki Se‐Hoon , Kim Soo‐Min , Choi Eun‐Ha , Lee Taek , Park Gyungsoon 
Published: November 2020

SummaryTechnical bottlenecks in protein production and secretion often limit the efficient and robust industrial use of microbial enzymes. The potential of non‐thermal atmospheric pressure plasma to overcome these technical barriers was examined. Spores of the fermenting fungus Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae) were submerged in potato dextrose broth (PDB) (5 × 106 per ml) and treated with micro dielectric barrier discharge plasma at an input voltage of 1.2 kV and current of 50 to 63 mA using nitrogen as the feed gas. The specific activity of α‐amylase in the broth was increased by 7.4 to 9.3% after 24 and 48 h of plasma treatment. Long‐lived species, such as NO2− and NO3−, generated in PDB after plasma treatment may have contributed to the elevated secretion of α‐amylase. Observations after 24 h of plasma treatment also included increased accumulation of vesicles at the hyphal tip, hyphal membrane depolarization and higher intracellular Ca2+ levels. These results suggest that long‐lived nitrogen species generated in PDB after plasma treatment can enhance the secretion of α‐amylase from fungal hyphae by depolarizing the cell membrane and activating Ca2+ influx into hyphal cells, eventually leading to the accumulation of secretory vesicles near the hyphal tips.
Civil Disobedience as Strategic Resistance in the US Immigrant Rights Movement
Authors: Escudero Kevin , Pallares Amalia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUndocumented immigrants are removable from the nation at any time and their participation in political activism heightens this risk. Yet, undocumented organisers have been at the forefront of the immigrant rights movement. This article demonstrates how through their use of civil disobedience tactics, undocumented activists are in fact working to re‐conceptualise citizenship to include those who are not legally present in the country. Drawing on three years of ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Chicago, IL, we develop a three‐part framework—double vulnerability, extending/expanding risk, and including the excluded—to analyse the role of civil disobedience in the contemporary US immigrant rights movement. We then compare the use of civil disobedience in the US immigrant rights movement with the US Civil Rights and Indian Independence movements. In our analysis of civil disobedience, we demonstrate that activists can simultaneously be complicit with and directly challenge mainstream depictions of deservingness for citizenship.