bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimativa da área foliar do meloeiro irrigado em função do número de folhas
Authors: Maia Celsemy Eleutério , Silva Neto José Mariano da , Braga Ana Quézia Carvalho 
Published: March 2020

Dados de área foliar são comumente utilizados em diversos experimentos na agricultura, no entanto, geralmente, são determinados utilizando-se de equipamentos caros e análises destrutivas. Diversos métodos têm sido desenvolvidos para estimar a área foliar de folhas que comumente empregam medidas como comprimento e largura, entretanto, são métodos trabalhosos pelo fato de exigir que a medição seja feita de forma individual. Assim, o presente trabalho faz uso de uma relação de regressão para estimar de forma não destrutiva a área foliar do meloeiro, envolvendo apenas o número de folhas. O método foi testado em 5 cultivares de melão: Melody (melão amarelo), Goldex (melão amarelo), pele-de-sapo, AF-646 (melão amarelo), Orange Flesh e Torreon (cantaloupe). Os valores de área foliar e número de folhas foram obtidos em pelo menos cinco épocas distintas durante o ciclo da cultura, totalizando 938 amostras. As equações ajustadas para cada cultivar foram comparadas pelo teste de identidade de modelo para se verificar a hipótese de nulidade de que as equações são iguais estatisticamente. Para as 5 cultivares, os coeficientes de determinação (R2) entre a área foliar medida real e a área foliar estimada foram iguais ou maiores a 0,9. Assim, a relação encontrada apresenta-se como uma ferramenta promissora para pesquisas que exigem estimativas não destrutivas precisas da área foliar de meloeiros.
Definición de alfabetización informacional de CILIP, 2018
Authors: Sales Dora 
Published: March 2020

Se traduce al castellano la nueva definición de alfabetización informacional de CILIP (Reino Unido), cuyo original se publicó en 2018. Se trata de una definición con enorme potencial, que enfatiza la relevancia de la ALFIN en la sociedad actual, para todas las personas, no sólo en el contexto educativo.
This is the Spanish translation of the new CILIP (United Kingdom) definition of information literacy, originally published in 2018. It is a definition with enormous potential, which enhances the relevance of IL in today's society, for all people, not only in the educational context.
Commonly Found Zoonotic Parasite Species in Dogs and Cats from a Prominent Pet Market of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Barua Priyanka , Musa Sharmin , Ahmed Rezwana , Khanum Hamida 
Published: March 2020

Background: Zoonotic parasite species are those parasites of animal origin that can be transferred to human. They possess the threat of high infection rate among both animals and human and should be monitored carefully.
Aims: The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of zoonotic parasite species in cats and dogs from a prominent pet market of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Methodology: A total of 60 animals (30 dogs and 30 cats) were selected from different pet shops in Katabon pet market, Nilkhet, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The hosts were dogs of foreign breed; German Spitz, German Shephed (Canis lupus familiaris) and cats of local breed (Felis catus). They were age matched: Puppies/Kittens (≥6 months - 1 year), young (>1- 2 years) and adults (>2 - 3 years) for both dogs and cats. Feces were collected and Formol Ether concentration technique was done prior to identify parasite’s egg, ova and larvae by microscopy.
Results: We were able to identify 17 different parasite species of zoonotic importance in total 60 animals. 8 species were common in both animals (Taenia spp., Hymenolepis diminuta, H. nana, Ancylostoma spp., Ascaris lumbricoides, Capillaria spp., Toxascaris leonina and Trichuris vulpis). Apart from 8 common species, 2 more species were exclusively identified in dogs and 7 species in cats. Capillaria spp. had the highest prevalence in both dogs (86.67%) and cats (90%) followed by Trichuris vulpis (83.33% in dogs, 90% in cats). Other highly prevalent parasites in dogs were A. lumbricoides and Toxocara canis (prevalence 76.67% for both); in cats were - T. leonina, Toxocara cati, Sarcocystis spp. and Toxoplasma spp. (prevalence 76.67%, 73.33%, 60% and 60%, respectively). According to the age group of hosts, in both dogs and cats, puppies or kittens and young hosts had higher prevalence of parasites compared to adults.
Conclusion: Proper training should be given to pet handlers when handling the food/feces of pets to reduce the risk of zoonotic infection and mass people should be aware about the risk of zoonotic parasite species to avoid potential health hazards.
Determination of Swelling and Dimensional Stability of Some Nigerian Timber Species
Authors: Ajuziogu G. C. , Amujiri A. N. , Njoku E. U. , Ozokolie C. B. , Ojua E. O. 
Published: March 2020

Aim: The absorption of moisture and dimensional distortion are the major shortcomings of wood utilization as building and furniture materials. This study was aimed at determining the moisture content, swelling ability and dimension stability of five selected timber species.
Methods: The samples were collected with the help of the Forest Ranger from the Forestry Department of Enugu State, Nigeria, attached to the Nsukka timber market. The wood samples were evaluated for moisture content change, shrinkage or swelling (%) coefficient, amount of swelling and dimensional change.
Results: The change in moisture content across the five species was in the order of Gmelina aborea < Milicia excels < Daniellia oliveri < Alstonia bonnie < Antiaris toxicaria. At 12hrs, Gmelina aborea recorded significantly (P < 0.05) the highest dimension change (46 ± 0.70%) in the radial dimension (direction) as compared to the other species except for Antiaris toxicaria. The swelling coefficient and the amount of swelling were observed to have a strong positive correlation with the dimensional change in the sampled wood.
Conclusion: The lower swelling coefficient and the amount of swelling observed in Milicia excels among the five timber species, make it a more suitable species for industrial use.
Post-operative Paediatric Pain Assessment and Management at a Tertiary Health Facility, Southern Nigeria: Surgeons’ Perspectives and Practice
Authors: Eke G. K. , Okoro P. E. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Whereas advances in perioperative care of children continue to be made with increasing evidence-based practice for postoperative analgesia, inadequate relief of postoperative pain resulting in significant morbidity and mortality is still being reported.
Objective: To appraise surgeons' perspectives and practice of paediatric post-operative pain assessment and management at a tertiary health facility in southern Nigeria.
Methods: In this cross-sectional survey carried out between September and December 2019, a semi-structured and self-administered questionnaire was distributed to surgeons/trainees in departments/units where paediatric patients undergo both major and minor surgeries. Their perspectives and practice of postoperative pain assessment and management were analysed using SPSS version 20.0.
Results: Seventy-nine respondents completed the survey, including 19(24%) consultants, 32(40.5%) senior registrars, and 22(27.9%) junior registrars. Two-third of respondents (n=51, 64.6%) had more than 10 years working experience post-graduation. Involving parents/caregivers to assess postoperative pain was the most common strategy used by respondents (n=69, 87.3%), and most of them (n=67, 84.8%) do not make use of any pain assessment tools.
Non-pharmacologic strategies for postoperative pain management were applied/prescribed sometimes (n=20, 25%) or rarely (n=20, 25%). Paracetamol and NSAIDs were the commonest non-opioid analgesics used while pentazocine was the commonly used opioid. Many respondents (n=66, 83.5%) had never prescribed morphine for postoperative analgesia in children. Seventeen percent of respondents do not prescribe postoperative analgesia to newborns.
Conclusion: Findings of this study show that the practice in our institution falls short of the recommended multimodal approach to paediatric postoperative pain care. Development of standard protocols and training of providers of postoperative care are recommended.
Effect of Grid Instability on Power Generation System's Reliability
Authors: Bassey Joseph Benedict , Odesola Isaac F. 
Published: March 2020

Aims: Reliability assessment of power generation system may be performed with the concept of system adequacy, security or both. Grid being a major component in the power distribution chain is seen to have some influence on the state of the generation system reliability because of the perturbation that may arise from it. In this study, the generation system reliability is evaluated using both the system adequacy and security concept.
Study Design: To capture the system security problems attributed to grid disturbance, the generation system is structured into two component systems (1 - generation component and 2 - transmission component) with a series arrangement.
Methodology: The reliability indices such as, mean time to failure, mean time to repair, failure rate and repair rate are assessed on component bases and with respect to the entire generation system.
Results: The effect of failure rate of the transmission component on the entire generation system failure rate was evaluated as 66.25%, 55.55%, 33.33%, 55.00% and 35.72% in year 2013, 2014, 2017 2018 and 2019 respectively for FIPL Power Plant and 52.94%, 82.35%, 61.38% and 100% effect was evaluated in the year 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively for GT5 of Omoku Power Plant.
Conclusion: These results showed that there is a significant influence of grid disturbances on the reliability state of the two gas turbine power plants in Nigeria. Measures on possible reliability state improvement of the power generation systems were suggested to include training and retraining of technical personnel on the management of major equipment in the generation and transmission stations.
Do examples of failure effectively prepare students for learning from subsequent instruction?
Authors: Hartmann Christian , van Gog Tamara , Rummel Nikol 
Published: March 2020

SummaryStudies on the productive failure (PF) approach have demonstrated that attempting to solve a problem prepares students more effectively for later instruction compared to observing failed problem‐solving attempts prior to instruction. However, the examples of failure used in these studies did not display the problem‐solving‐and‐failing process, which may have limited the preparatory effects. In this quasi‐experiment, we investigated whether observing someone else engaging in problem solving can prepare students for instruction, and whether examples that show the problem‐solving‐and ‐failing process are more effective than those that only show the outcome of this process. We also explored whether the perceived model–observer similarity had an impact on the effectiveness of observing examples of failure. The results showed that observing examples effectively prepares students for learning from instruction. However, observing the model's problem‐solving‐and‐failing process did not prepare students more effectively than merely looking at the outcome. Studying examples were more effective if model–observer similarity was high.
A Glycotherapeutic Approach to Functionalize Biomaterials‐Based Systems
Authors: Gadekar Anuja , Bhowmick Sirsendu , Pandit Abhay 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn addition to being one of the primary building block materials of living cells, glycans are also favorable candidates for therapeutic applications. In the mid‐20th century, the progress of glycans in the drug discovery field became surpassed by protein and DNA‐focused treatments. However, the emergence of new analytical tools and methods to synthesize structurally specific glycans has encouraged and motivated the scientific community toward the development of glycan‐based therapeutics. This review discusses the reemergence of glycan‐based agents in the last decade and the technical strategies that played a key role in bringing the glycan‐based treatments into the limelight of modern medicine. The review also includes the application of native glycans as the therapeutic agents along with the chemically engineered cell surface glycans and proteins to meet the preclinical and clinical scenario. Glycan‐based therapeutic materials hold a huge potential that can be harnessed to meet the clinical needs in medicine.
Fabrication and Characterization of Ultra‐Lightweight, Compact, and Flexible Thermoelectric Device Based on Highly Refined Chip Mounting
Authors: Ekubaru Yusufu , Sugahara Tohru , Ibano Kenzo , Suetake Aiji , Tsurumoto Maki , Kagami Noriko , Suganuma Katsuaki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThermoelectric generators (TEGs) are a promising power source for realizing a self‐powered sensor, which is a primary component of the rapidly developing Internet of Things. Here, the fabrication of a prototype for a compact and flexible TEG (CF‐TEG) using ultra‐fine chip mounting technique is reported. The CF‐TEG consisting of 84 p‐n pairs was fabricated on a 10 × 10 mm2 flexible substrate. A temperature difference (dT) of 150 K is successfully established for this TEG. Its maximum output voltage and power density are obtained as 2.4 V and 185 mW cm−2, respectively, which corresponds to a conversion efficiency of 1.12% at dT = 150 K. Further, the experimental results are validated through theoretical analysis in which the contact effects are taken into account. This analysis is also used to elucidate the effect of thermal and electrical contact resistance on the output power. It is observed that ≈40% output power of this device is lost by these resistances, which proves that the contact properties significantly affect the performance of the TEG device.
Combining three grain mutants for improved‐quality sweet corn
Authors: Jompuk Choosak , Jitlaka Chadamas , Jompuk Peeranuch , Stamp Peter 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOur goal was to improve sweet corn (Zea mays L.) by the novel approach of combining three grain mutants in one plant, shrunken‐2 (sh2sh2), purple (Pr1Pr1C1C1), and opaque‐2 (o2o2), for increased sugar, anthocyanin, and tryptophan content, respectively. We crossed purple opaque‐2 waxy maize with sweet corn inbred lines. In the segregating selfed progenies, the opaque‐2 gene was detected by the genetic marker phi057, the two other genes by the visual markers purple and shrunken. The purple opaque‐2 sweet corn performed well in field tests; it had high total sugar content as required for sweet corn, improved protein quality indicated by 30% higher tryptophan content, and a 10‐fold higher anthocyanin content than yellow kernel maize. This new sweet corn germplasm is a first step toward developing specialty maize with increased health benefits.
Efficient land water management practice and cropping system for increasing water and crop productivity in semi‐arid tropics
Authors: Kamdi Prasad Jairam , Swain Dillip Kumar , Wani Suhas P 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn Indian semi‐arid tropics (SATs), low water and crop productivity in Vertisols and associated soils are mainly due to poor land management and erratic and low rainfall occurrence. This study was conducted from 2014 to 2016 at the ICRISAT in India to test the effect of broad bed furrows (BBF) as land water management against conventional flatbed planting for improving soil water content (SWC) and water and crop productivity of three cropping systems: sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench]–chickpea (Cicer arientinumL.) and maize (Zea mays)–groundnut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) as sequential and pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum(L.)] + pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan(L.) Millsp.] as intercropping, grown under different nutrients management involving macronutrients (N, P, and K) only and combined application of macro‐ and micronutrients. The results stated that the SWC in BBF was higher over flatbed by 9.35–10.44% in 0‐ to 0.3‐m, 4.56–9.30% in 0.3‐ to 0.6‐m and 3.85–5.26% in 0.6‐ to 1.05‐m soil depths during the cropping season. Moreover, depletion of the soil water through plant uptake was higher in BBF than in flatbed. Among the cropping systems, sorghum–chickpea was the best in bringing highest system equivalent yield and water productivity with the combined application of macro‐ and micronutrients. The BBF minimized water stress at critical crop growth stages leading to increase crop yield and water productivity in SATs. Thus, BBF along with the application of macro‐ and micronutrients could be an adaptation strategy to mitigate erratic rainfall due to climate change in SATs.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Sappanin‐Type Homoisoflavonoids
Authors: Lee Jungeun , Kwon Sangil , Seo Seung‐Yong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHomoisoflavanones, 3‐benzylchroman‐4‐ones, which are naturally occurring sappanin‐type homoisoflavonoids, possess a 16‐carbon skeleton and a single chiral center. In this paper, we present various asymmetric synthesis of homoisoflavanones that have been developed. The first approach is a lipase‐catalyzed desymmetrization of 2‐benzylpropane‐1,3‐diol and its diacetate. Three approaches for the synthesis of an optically active 3‐benzylchroman‐4‐one are asymmetric protonation of the silyl enol ether derived from a racemic homoisoflavanone, iridium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of α‐phenoxymethylcinnamic acid, and Evans asymmetric aldol reaction. Recently, our group performed Noyori ruthenium‐catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation with dynamic kinetic resolution, followed by alcohol oxidation of 3‐benzylchroman‐4‐ol.
Chimpanzee ranging responses to fruit availability in a high‐elevation environment
Authors: Green Samantha J. , Boruff Bryan J. , Niyigaba Protais , Ndikubwimana Innocent , Grueter Cyril C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMost primates experience seasonal fluctuations in the availability of food resources and face the challenge of balancing energy expenditure with energy gain during periods of resource scarcity. This is likely to be particularly challenging in rugged, montane environments, where available energy is relatively low and travel costs are high. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) show extensive behavioral diversity across study sites. Yet, as most research has focused on low‐ and mid‐elevation sites, little is known on how chimpanzees respond to periods of low fruit availability in harsh montane environments. We use focal follow and phenology data to investigate how fruit availability influences daily path length and monthly home range in chimpanzees living in Nyungwe National Park, a montane forest in Rwanda. Nyungwe chimpanzees decreased their daily travel distances during periods of fruit scarcity. However, this decrease in travel effort did not correspond with a decrease in foraging area. Instead, monthly homes ranges shifted location across the study period. Nyungwe chimpanzees occupy a relatively wide altitudinal range and the shifts in monthly home range location may reflect differences in the altitudinal distribution of food resources. Chimpanzee monthly diet was often dominated by one or two species and each of these species were confined to different elevation zones. One important species, Podocarpus latifolius, grew only at high elevations (2,600–2,950 m) and chimpanzees ranged at the altitudinal peak of their range for 2 consecutive months while feeding on this species. Thus, while high elevations are often thought to be harsh environments for primates, they can be an important part of a species’ home range when they provide a refugium for densely distributed, important food species.
A Simple and Versatile Method for the Construction of Nearly Ideal Polymer Networks
Authors: Huang Xin , Nakagawa Shintaro , Li Xiang , Shibayama Mitsuhiro , Yoshie Naoko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPolymer networks usually contain numerous inhomogeneities that deteriorate their physical properties and should be eliminated to create reliable, high‐performance materials. A simple method is introduced for the production of nearly ideal networks from various vinyl polymers through controlled polymerization and subsequent crosslinking. Monodisperse star polymers with bromide end groups were synthesized by atom‐transfer radical polymerization and end‐linked with dithiol linkers using thiol–bromide chemistry. This simple procedure formed nearly ideal polymer networks, as revealed from elasticity of the formed gel and model conjugation reactions involving linear polymers. The versatility of this method was demonstrated by preparing networks of common vinyl polymers, including polyacrylates, polymethacrylate, and polystyrene. This method can be used to prepare multiple functional nearly ideal gels and elastomers and to explore fundamental aspects of polymer networks.
Coupled Electrical Conduction in Coordination Polymers: From Electrons/Ions to Mixed Charge Carriers
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chu Junhao , Hu Ming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe coupled transport of ions and electrons is of great potential for next‐generation sensors, energy storage and conversion devices, optoelectronics, etc. Coordination polymers (CPs) intrinsically have both transport pathways for electrons and ions, however, the practical conductivities are usually low. In recent years, significant advances have been made in electronic or ionic conductive coordination polymers, which also results in progress in mixed ionic‐electronic conductive coordination polymers. Here we start from electronic and ionic conductive CPs to mixed ionic‐electronic conductive CPs. Recent advances in the design of mixed ionic‐electronic conductive CPs are summarized. In addition, devices based on mixed conduction are selected.
The impact of dose modification and temporary interruption of ibrutinib on outcomes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients in routine clinical practice
Authors: Parikh Sameer A. , Achenbach Sara J. , Call Timothy G. , Rabe Kari G. , Ding Wei , Leis Jose F. , Kenderian Saad S. , Chanan‐Khan Asher A. , Koehler Amber B. , Schwager Susan M. , Muchtar Eli , Fonder Amie L. , McCullough Kristen B. , Nedved Adrienne N. , Smith Matthew D. , Slager Susan L. , Kay Neil E. , Finnes Heidi D. , Shanafelt Tait D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo study the impact of dose modification and temporary interruption of ibrutinib in routine clinical practice, we conducted a retrospective study of consecutive CLL patients treated with ibrutinib outside the context of a clinical trial at Mayo Clinic, (Rochester, MN) from 11/2013 to 12/2017. Of 209 patients, 131 (74%) had unmutated IGHV, 38 (20%) had TP53 disruption, and 47 (22%) were previously untreated. A total of 87/209 (42%) patients started reduced dose ibrutinib (<420 mg daily; n = 43, physician preference; n = 33, concomitant medications; and n = 11, other). During 281 person‐years of treatment, 91/209 patients had temporary dose interruption (54%, nonhematologic toxicity; 29%, surgical procedures; 10%, hematologic toxicity; and 7%, other). After a median follow‐up of 24 months, the estimated median event‐free survival (EFS) was 36 months, and median overall survival (OS) was not reached. On multivariable analyses, temporary ibrutinib interruption (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.37, P = .006) and TP53 disruption at ibrutinib initiation (HR: 1.81, P = .048) were associated with shorter EFS, whereas only TP53 disruption (HR: 2.38, P = .015) was associated with shorter OS. Initial ibrutinib dose and dose modification during therapy did not appear to impact EFS or OS. These findings illustrate the challenges associated with continuous oral therapy with ibrutinib in patients with CLL.