bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RF heating measurement using MR thermometry and field monitoring: Methodological considerations and first in vivo results
Authors: Le Ster Caroline , Mauconduit Franck , Mirkes Christian , Bottlaender Michel , Boumezbeur Fawzi , Djemai Boucif , Vignaud Alexandre , Boulant Nicolas 
Published: September 2020

PurposeA MR thermometry (MRT) method with field monitoring is proposed to improve the measurement of small temperature variations induced in brain MRI exams.MethodsMR thermometry experiments were performed at 7 Tesla with concurrent field monitoring and RF heating. Images were reconstructed with nominal k‐space trajectories and with first‐order spherical harmonics correction. Experiments were performed in vitro with deliberate field disturbances and on an anesthetized macaque in 2 different specific absorption rate regimes, that is, at 50% and 100% of the maximal specific absorption rate level allowed in the International Electrotechnical Commission normal mode of operation. Repeatability was assessed by running a second separate session on the same animal.ResultsInclusion of magnetic field fluctuations in the reconstruction improved temperature measurement accuracy in vitro down to 0.02°C. Measurement precision in vivo was on the order of 0.15°C in areas little affected by motion. In the same region, temperature increase reached 0.5 to 0.8°C after 20 min of heating at 100% specific absorption rates and followed a rough factor of 2 with the 50% specific absorption rate scans. A horizontal temperature plateau, as predicted by Pennes bioheat model with thermal constants from the literature and constant blood temperature assumption, was not observed.ConclusionInclusion of field fluctuations in image reconstruction was beneficial for the measurement of small temperature rises encountered in standard brain exams. More work is needed to correct for motion‐induced field disturbances to extract reliable temperature maps.
Feasibility of QSM in the human placenta
Authors: Zun Zungho , Kapse Kushal , Quistorff Jessica , Andescavage Nickie , Gimovsky Alexis C. , Ahmadzia Homa , Limperopoulos Catherine 
Published: September 2020

PurposeQuantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is an emerging tool for the precise characterization of human tissue, including regional oxygenation. A critical function of the human placenta is oxygen transfer to the developing fetus, which remains difficult to study in utero. The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of performing QSM in the human placenta in utero.MethodsIn healthy pregnant women, 3D gradient echo data of the placenta were acquired with prospective respiratory gating at 1.5 Tesla and 3 Tesla. A brief period (6‐7 min) of maternal hyperoxia was induced to increase placental oxygenation in a subset of women scanned at 3 Tesla, and data were acquired before and during oxygen administration. Susceptibility and / maps were reconstructed from gradient echo data, and mean and SD of these measures within the whole placenta were calculated.ResultsA total of 54 women were studied at a mean gestational age of 30.7 ± 4.2 (range: 24 5/7‐38 4/7) weeks. Susceptibility and maps demonstrated lobular contrast reflecting regional oxygenation difference at both field strengths. SD of susceptibilities, mean , and SD of of the placenta showed a linear relationship with gestational age (P < .01 for all). These measures were also responsive to maternal hyperoxia, and there was an increasing response with advancing gestational age (P < .01 for all).ConclusionThis study demonstrates the feasibility of performing placental QSM in pregnant women and supports the potential for placental QSM to provide noninvasive in vivo assessment of placental oxygenation.
Effects of update frequencies in a dynamic capacitated arc routing problem
Authors: Padungwech Wasin , Thompson Jonathan , Lewis Rhyd 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe capacitated arc routing problem (CARP) concerns a minimum‐cost set of routes for vehicles that provide service on edges in a given graph while ensuring that the total demand in each route does not exceed the vehicle's capacity. This paper concerns a dynamic variant of the CARP. In particular, it focuses on a problem in which new tasks appear over time. We find that simply increasing the number of iterations of a tabu search algorithm does not always lead to a better solution for a dynamic CARP. This paper investigates how the solution quality can be affected by changing the frequency of updating solutions. Furthermore, we investigate whether or not such effect varies with a method of integrating new tasks into the solution at each update.
Targetable BRAF and RAF1 Alterations in Advanced Pediatric Cancers
Authors: Rankin Andrew , Johnson Adrienne , Roos Alison , Kannan Geoffrey , Knipstein Jeffrey , Britt Nicholas , Rosenzweig Mark , Haberberger James , Pavlick Dean , Severson Eric , Vergilio Jo-Anne , Squillace Rachel , Erlich Rachel , Sathyan Pratheesh , Cramer Stuart , Kram David , Ross Jeffrey , Miller Vince , Reddy Prasanth , Alexander Brian , Ali Siraj M. , Ramkissoon Shakti 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

RAF family protein kinases signal through the MAPK pathway to orchestrate cellular proliferation, survival, and transformation. Identifying BRAF alterations in pediatric cancers is critically important as therapeutic agents targeting BRAF or MEK may be incorporated into the clinical management of these patients. In this study, we performed comprehensive genomic profiling on 3,633 pediatric cancer samples and identified a cohort of 221 (6.1%) cases with known or novel alterations in BRAF or RAF1 detected in extracranial solid tumors, brain tumors, or hematological malignancies. Eighty percent (176/221) of these tumors had a known-activating short variant (98, 55.7%), fusion (72, 40.9%), or insertion/deletion (6, 3.4%). Among BRAF altered cancers, the most common tumor types were brain tumors (74.4%), solid tumors (10.8%), hematological malignancies (9.1%), sarcomas (3.4%), and extracranial embryonal tumors (2.3%). RAF1 fusions containing intact RAF1 kinase domain (encoded by exons 10–17) were identified in seven tumors, including two novel fusions TMF1-RAF1 and SOX6-RAF1. Additionally, we highlight a subset of patients with brain tumor with positive clinical response to BRAF inhibitors, demonstrating the rationale for incorporating precision medicine into pediatric oncology.

Implications for Practice
Precision medicine has not yet gained a strong foothold in pediatric cancers. This study describes the landscape of BRAF and RAF1 genomic alterations across a diverse spectrum of pediatric cancers, primarily brain tumors, but also encompassing melanoma, sarcoma, several types of hematologic malignancy, and others. Given the availability of multiple U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved BRAF inhibitors, identification of these alterations may assist with treatment decision making, as described here in three cases of pediatric cancer.
Shared spiritual beliefs between adolescents with cancer and their families
Authors: Livingston Jessica , Cheng Yao I. , Wang Jichuan , Tweddle Matthew , Friebert Sarah , Baker Justin N. , Thompkins Jessica , Lyon Maureen E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundFAmily CEntered (FACE) Advance Care Planning helps family decision makers to understand and honor patients’ preferences for future health care, if patients cannot communicate. Spiritual well‐being is a key domain of pediatric oncology care and an integral dimension of pediatric advance care planning.ProcedureAs part of four‐site randomized controlled trial of FACE for teens with cancer, the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy‐spiritual well‐being‐ version 4 (FACIT‐Sp‐EX‐4) was completed independently by 126 adolescents with cancer/family dyads. The prevalence‐adjusted and bias‐adjusted kappa (PABAK) measured congruence on FACIT‐Sp‐EX‐4.ResultsAdolescents (126) had mean age of 16.9 years, were 57% female and 79% White. Religious/spiritual classifications were: Catholic (n = 18), Protestant (n = 76), Mormon (n = 3), none/atheist (n = 22), other (n = 5), and unknown (n = 2). Agreement at item level between spiritual well‐being of adolescents and families was assessed. Three items had ≥90% agreement and Excellent PABAK: “I have a reason for living,” “I feel loved,” “I feel compassion for others in the difficulties they are facing.” Three items had <61% agreement and Poor PABAK: “I feel a sense of harmony within myself,” “My illness has strengthened my faith or spiritual beliefs,” “I feel connected to a higher power (or God).” Dyadic congruence was compared by social‐demographics using median one‐way analysis. Male family members (median = 72%) were less likely to share spiritual beliefs with their adolescent than female family members (median = 83%), P = .0194.ConclusionsFamily members may not share spiritual beliefs with adolescents and may be unaware of the importance of spiritual well‐being for adolescents.
Facile synthesis of phenyl‐rich functional siloxanes from simple silanes
Authors: Schneider Alyssa F. , Lu Emily K. , Lu Guanhua , Brook Michael A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhenyl‐rich silicone polymers are used for their excellent thermal properties and high refractive indices. Traditional syntheses of these polymers utilize cationic or anionic equilibration, which limits the molecular weights that can be achieved due, in part, to the coproduction of cyclic monomers that must be removed. Kinetically controlled processes may reduce the impact of these limitations, but require high temperatures, alkyllithium initiators and an inert atmosphere; precise structures are difficult to access. The Piers‐Rubinsztajn reaction, combined with hydrolysis, allows the synthesis of highly ordered, Si‐H terminated, phenyl‐rich silicone homo‐ and copolymers comprised of phenylmethyl, diphenyl and, dimethylsilicone monomers. The processes are mild and permit a high level of structural control, including alternating copolymers with different levels of phenyl content (Ph/Si = 0.3–1.5) with molecular weights up to ~100 kDa. Yet higher molecular weights could be achieved—Mn up to 300 kDa—when phenyl‐rich siloxanes were incorporated into block copolymers with dimethylsilicones (Ph/Si = 0.4). Unlike kinetic processes in which cyclic byproducts are formed by redistribution or backbiting (particularly at high conversion), in this process cyclics form near the onset of the reaction and only with low molecular weight starting materials (< 4 siloxane units).
The role of Connected Health technologies in supporting families affected by paediatric cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Delemere Emma , Maguire Rebecca 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesFamilies impacted by paediatric cancer are met with logistical, financial and psychological impacts, with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus two creating additional barriers and stressors for these families. Connected Health (CH) may facilitate cancer care. The objective of the present study was to systematically review CH for families/informal caregivers affected by paediatric cancer.MethodsUsing search terms relating to: (1) paediatric cancer, (2) family/caregivers and (3) CH, the databases of PsycINFO, Pubmed, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched. Inclusion criteria included an evaluation of CH technologies for supportive care for families/caregivers affected by paediatric cancer at any stage of treatment or survivorship.ResultsSixteen studies met inclusion criteria. CH was primarily web‐based (n = 6), however smartphone applications (n = 5), telehealth (n = 2) and online groups (n = 3) were utilised. Intervention areas included psycho‐social (n = 6), health and information provision (n = 8) and palliative care (n = 2).ConclusionsWhile limited studies have evaluated the impact of CH on families living with paediatric cancer, emerging evidence suggests potential benefits. More evidenced‐based interventions are required.
Patient values in physiotherapy practice, a qualitative study
Authors: Bastemeijer Carla M. , van Ewijk Johannes P. , Hazelzet Jan A. , Voogt Lennard P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesPhysiotherapy is, like all healthcare professions, relational and value‐laden. Patient‐centred care, evidence‐based practice and value‐based practices are concepts in which patient values lie at the heart of high‐quality healthcare practices. Nevertheless, physiotherapists have limited awareness of what patient values are in the physiotherapy encounter. The purpose of this study is to explore these patient values.MethodsA qualitative study design using content analysis was used involving 17 adult participants with chronic or recurrent musculoskeletal pain. Data were collected during July 2015–July 2016 in three primary care physiotherapy facilities in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Two researchers analysed the interviews and derived relevant codes from the data. After an iterative process of comparing, analysing, conceptualizing, and discussing the data, a pre‐existing analytic framework was refined in which distinct values were delineated.ResultsEmerging patient values were encompassed in three themes, each consisting of two to four elements: (1) values about oneself (uniqueness and autonomy), (2) values regarding actions of the professional (technically skilled professional, conscientious professional, compassionate professional, responsive professional) and (3) values regarding interactions between patients and the professionals (partnership and empowerment).ConclusionThis study emphasizes the need for discussing patient values in the clinical encounter and helps physiotherapists to understand what deems to be important for patients with musculoskeletal pain in physiotherapy practice. The results of this study contribute to the existing body of knowledge of this important aspect of the quality of physiotherapy practice and may inspire clinicians and educators to actively implement patient values in clinical practice and the physiotherapy education.
SARS‐CoV‐2: Mechanism of infection and emerging technologies for future prospects
Authors: Li Shiqin , Li Sijia , Disoma Cyrollah , Zheng Rong , Zhou Mei , Razzaq Aroona , Liu Pinjia , Zhou Yuzheng , Dong Zijun , Du Ashuai , Peng Jian , Hu Liqiang , Huang Jufang , Feng Pinghui , Jiang Taijiao , Xia Zanxian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has spread globally to over 200 countries with more than 23 million confirmed cases and at least 800,000 fatalities as of 23 August 2020. Declared a pandemic on March 11 by World Health Organization, the disease caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), has become a global public health crisis that challenged all national healthcare systems. This review summarized the current knowledge about virologic and pathogenic characteristics of SARS‐CoV‐2 with emphasis on potential immunomodulatory mechanism and drug development. With multiple emerging technologies and cross‐disciplinary approaches proving to be crucial in our global response against COVID‐19, the application of PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras strategy, CRISPR‐Cas9 gene editing technology, and Single‐Nucleotide‐Specific Programmable Riboregulators technology in developing antiviral drugs and detecting infectious diseases are proposed here. We also discussed the available but still limited epidemiology of COVID‐19 as well as the ongoing efforts on vaccine development. In brief, we conducted an in‐depth analysis of the pathogenesis of SARS‐CoV‐2 and reviewed the therapeutic options for COVID‐19. We also proposed key research directions in the future that may help uncover more underlying molecular mechanisms governing the pathology of COVID‐19.
Observer‐based event‐triggered control for systems with slope‐restricted nonlinearities
Authors: Moreira Luciano G. , Gomes da Silva Joao M. , Tarbouriech Sophie , Seuret Alexandre 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis article presents an observer‐based event‐triggering strategy for systems with slope‐restricted nonlinearities that depend on the state. Both the emulation and codesign problems are addressed. To avoid Zeno behavior, a minimum dwell time is considered. By using a looped‐functional approach and the cone‐bounded properties of the nonlinearity, sufficient conditions based on linear matrix inequalities are derived to ensure global asymptotic stability of the origin of the closed‐loop system under the proposed event‐triggering strategy. These conditions are incorporated into convex optimization problems to optimally determine the event‐triggering function parameters and the observer gain (in the codesign case) aiming at reducing the number of control updates. Numerical examples illustrate the potentialities of the approach.
Flows for floodplain forests: Conversion from an intermittent to continuous flow regime enabled riparian woodland development along a prairie river
Authors: Bigelow Sarah G. , Hillman Evan J. , Hills Brian , Samuelson Glenda M. , Rood Stewart B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Little Bow River (LBR) in western Canada naturally displayed an intermittent flow regime; the channel dried up most summers, excluding the development of riparian woodlands within this semi‐arid ecoregion. Around 1900, the Little Bow Canal was excavated to divert water from the adjacent Highwood River and with flow augmentation the LBR flow became continuous through the growth season. We hypothesized that the continuous regime enabled riparian woodland establishment and assessed conditions with sequential aerial photographs and field observations. Supporting the hypothesis, a few woodland groves established near the Highwood River where balsam poplars (Populus balsamifera) provided an abundant seed source. To investigate the basis for woodland development, we analysed historical hydrology of the LBR and assessed the four larger woodland groves, which included mature poplars, trembling aspen (P. tremuloides) and willow shrubs (Salix bebbiana and S. exigua). Each location had some bank excavation with channelization or gravel mining, and tree ageing through ring counts indicated gradual colonization and pulses of establishment after floods in 1920 and 1942. Thus, the conversion from an intermittent to continuous flow regime enabled woodland development which also benefited from excavations that created barren colonization sites. The study revealed four requirements for riparian woodland colonization in a dry region: (a) seeds, (b) barren sites, (c) bank saturation with higher river flow, and (d) sufficient river flows for tree and shrub survival and growth. While water withdrawal commonly degrades riverine ecosystems, flow augmentation can provide the opposite outcome, enhancing the river and riparian environments.
Residents' perception of flood risk and urban stream restoration using multi‐criteria decision analysis
Authors: Hong Chang‐Yu , Chang Heejun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis research examines how individual preferences for the major functions of stream restoration processes are associated with flood prevention and risk mitigation in Johnson Creek of Portland, Oregon, USA. We first reviewed a set of results from an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model to rank the major stream restoration functions and compared citizens' preferences for “flood prevention” using ordinary least squares regression. Our results show that the perceptions and interests of citizens may be centred on the inconvenience of everyday life arising from the previous flood events. Residents in the highly urbanized downstream regions showed a higher sensitivity to flooding than those living in the upper regions of the watershed. Community participation and annual incomes are positively related to flood risk perception in more developed downstream regions, while ecological or development goals associated with property protection are positively associated with higher flood risk perception in the less developed upper regions. Our findings of citizen perceptions can be adopted to help local government leaders and households mitigate flood risk while also achieving multiple benefits from stream restoration projects.
Bioactivity and DNA/BSA Interactions of Selenium N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Adducts
Authors: Ashraf Rizwan , Iqbal Muhammad Adnan , Bhatti Haq Nawaz , Janjua Muhammad Ramzan Saeed Ashraf , El‐Naggar Mohamed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn wake of promising biomedical applications of organo‐selenium compounds, the present work was planned to synthesize selenium adducts (1 s‐‐4 s) and their respective azolium ligands (1 a–4 a), which were subsequently authenticated by various analytical and spectroscopic techniques like microanalysis, UV‐Visible, FT‐IR, 1H & 13C NMR and Electrospray Ionisation‐Mass Spectrometry (ESI‐MS). Moreover, the synthesized compounds were tested for their biological potential like antioxidant, antimicrobial, hemolytic, DNA and Bovin Serum Albumin (BSA) interactions, stability and lipophilicity using in‐vitro models. All the compounds were found stable in solution form for studied period 12–68 hours and showed good lipophilic values in the range of logP 0.66–0.85. In context to biological activities, selenium compounds showed better antimicrobial (ranging 17.4±0.5–25.3±0.8 mm against S. aureus and 18.6±0.7–24.1±0.9 against E.coli at concentration of 0.3 mg/mL for both strains) and antioxidant potential (IC50 ranging 40.0–62.0 μg/mL for DPPH solutions) compared to respective ligands. The interaction study of compounds (1 s–4 s) to DNA and BSA showed prominent binding affinity.
Enhanced Peroxidase Mimetic Activity of Magnetic Porous Carbon (MPC) Utilized in Colorimetric Sensing of Hg (II) Ions in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Christus Augustine Anand Babu , Panneerselvam Perumal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA new sensitive colorimetric sensor was designed to investigate the presence of Hg2+ in aqueous solution by using Fe3O4 NP impregnated on carbon nanocomposite(MPC) synthesized from MIL88 A which possess an excellent peroxidase mimicking activity that brings oxidation of 3, 3’, 5, 5’‐ tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) under the influence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce blue colour in the solution. The solution was decolorized by the addition of Glutathione (GSH) which restores the TMB radical cations and ceased the oxidation reaction. Addition ofHg2+ ions to the solution bring back a strong blue colour due to the strong affinity of Hg 2+ with the thiol groups of GSH which promote the oxidation of TMB in the solution. Based on these strategies, we have developed a sensitive andselective colorimetric sensor for the determination of Hg (II) in aqueous solution with the detection limit value of 236 pM and a linear relationship of R2=0.994. The proposed mechanism was successfully implemented for the detection of mercury in real water samples for environmental applications.