bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress of work safety standardization in China: A case study of hundred local standards in Beijing
Authors: Tong Ruipeng , Fan Bingqian , Li Ziqi , Wang Hui , Zhang Jiangbonan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn recent years, China has accelerated the construction of work safety laws, reformed the national safety supervision system, and gradually upgraded its safety requirements and standards. Since 2003, work safety standardization has been implemented to assist enterprises in identifying the main responsibility of work safety, and strengthening the foundation of work safety. The two key objectives of this paper are the following: (a) to analyze the current status of work safety standardization in China, and (b) to introduce how Beijing uses local standards to promote work safety standardization. First, this paper reviewed the current situation of work safety standardization regarding the policy background, system construction, and safety promotion. Second, the “ Hundred local standards” campaign in Beijing was analyzed to further explain work safety standardization, which includes the project background, preparation process, and framework content. The hundred local standards cover key enterprises and institutions in various industries and provide a strong standard basis for strengthening government supervision and enterprise safety management. In addition, it is worth provincial regions learning to promote work safety standardization toward a more standardized and scientific direction. This paper can promote cooperation and exchange on work safety among regions to promote work safety standardization.
Controlling type I error rates in multi‐arm clinical trials: A case for the false discovery rate
Authors: Wason James M. S. , Robertson David S. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryMulti‐arm trials are an efficient way of simultaneously testing several experimental treatments against a shared control group. As well as reducing the sample size required compared to running each trial separately, they have important administrative and logistical advantages. There has been debate over whether multi‐arm trials should correct for the fact that multiple null hypotheses are tested within the same experiment. Previous opinions have ranged from no correction is required, to a stringent correction (controlling the probability of making at least one type I error) being needed, with regulators arguing the latter for confirmatory settings. In this article, we propose that controlling the false‐discovery rate (FDR) is a suitable compromise, with an appealing interpretation in multi‐arm clinical trials. We investigate the properties of the different correction methods in terms of the positive and negative predictive value (respectively how confident we are that a recommended treatment is effective and that a non‐recommended treatment is ineffective). The number of arms and proportion of treatments that are truly effective is varied. Controlling the FDR provides good properties. It retains the high positive predictive value of FWER correction in situations where a low proportion of treatments is effective. It also has a good negative predictive value in situations where a high proportion of treatments is effective. In a multi‐arm trial testing distinct treatment arms, we recommend that sponsors and trialists consider use of the FDR.
Stochastically perturbed bred vectors in single‐scale systems
Authors: Giggins Brent , Gottwald Georg A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe breeding method is a computationally cheap procedure to generate initial conditions for ensemble forecasting which project onto relevant synoptic growing modes. However, ensembles of bred vectors often lack diversity and align with the leading Lyapunov vector, which severely impacts their statistical reliability. In previous work we developed stochastically perturbed bred vectors (SPBVs) and random draw bred vectors (RDBVs) in the context of multi‐scale systems. Here we explore when this method can be extended to systems without scale separation, and examine the performance of the stochastically modified bred vectors in the single scale Lorenz‘96 model. In particular, we show that the performance of SPBVs crucially depends on the degree of localisation of the bred vectors. It is found that, contrary to the case of multi‐scale systems, localisation is detrimental for applications of SPBVs in systems without scale‐separation when initialised from assimilated data. However, in the case of weakly localised bred vectors, ensembles of SPBVs constitute a reliable ensemble with improved ensemble forecasting skills compared to classical bred vectors, while still preserving the low computational cost of the breeding method. RDBVs are shown to have superior forecast skill and form a reliable ensemble in weakly localised situations, but in situations when they are strongly localised they do not constitute a reliable ensemble and are over‐dispersive.
Solvothermal Synthesis and Interfacial Magnetic Interaction of β‐FeSe/SrTiO3‐x Nanocomposites
Authors: Huh Seok , Song Kang Hyun , Yang Hee Jung , Jang Si Eun , Kim Kyungtae , Sur Yeahan , Nam Kiwan , Kim Kee Hoon , Hur Nam Hwi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHybridization of nanomaterials, combined by interfacial fusion, have drawn tremendous interests because of their novel properties induced by structurally matched interfaces. Here we report a solvothermal route that can synthesize β‐FeSe/SrTiO3‐x composites made of β‐FeSe nanosheets (NSs) and SrTiO3‐x nanoparticles (NPs). Various spectroscopic data such as XRD, SEM, and TEM with elemental maps confirm the formation of nanocomposite architecture. Electron microscopy images of β‐FeSe/SrTiO3‐x show that small SrTiO3‐x NPs in the cuboidal form are firmly bound to a sizable β‐FeSe sheet with a thickness of several nanometers. The β‐FeSe/SrTiO3‐x composite shows paramagnetic, which was determined using a SQUID magnetometer. The ferromagnetic property of individual FeSe NPs appears to be suppressed by interfacial interaction between β‐FeSe and SrTiO3‐x, clearly showing the presence of the proximity‐induced effect in the nanocomposites.
An Insight of Molecular Twisting of Coumarin Dyes
Authors: Debnath Tushar , Ghosh Hirendra N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article highlights the recent understanding of twisted intramolecular charge transfer state (TICT) of coumarin dyes on TiO2 and Au NP surface. The natural origin of coumarin dye in several plants makes it attractive to solar cell and fluorescence sensing applications. Two different classes of D‐π‐A coumarin dyes, having cyano‐acrylic acid as acceptor and 7‐amino moiety as a donor, have been chosen: one of them, having 7‐amino moiety in the ring, shows only intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) states in the excited state. While due to twisting of the free 7‐amino moiety, the second class of coumarin shows both ICT and TICT states in their photo‐excited states in the polar environment, in the form of a strong dual‐fluorescence. On TiO2 surface such coumarin dyes found to couple with carboxylic moiety, however on Au NP surface they bind with amino moiety. As a result, on TiO2 surface, the 7‐amino moiety is free to rotate, thus exhibiting TICT state which is a charge‐separated state and leads to higher electron injection yield for the second class of coumarins. The applicability of such twisted conformers of coumarin molecules in the solar cell has been demonstrated. Furthermore, due to molecular coupling with the 7‐amino moiety on Au NP surface, a restriction imposed on the molecular twisting of the free 7‐amino group. This constrains the formation of the TICT state for the second class of coumarins on the Au NP surface. Such ICT‐TICT fluorescence modulation character of the coumarin dyes may lead them to use for fluorescence sensing application, which is also demonstrated to detect specific ions and biomolecules. Thus the present review acmes very fundamental photophysical properties of coumarin dyes based on their molecular twisting on different solvents, semiconductors, and metal nanoparticles which have great consequences of real life applications.
Synthesis of A Novel Cyclotriphosphazene and Its Enhancement of Anti‐aging and Flame Retardancy of Polyolefin
Authors: Huang Xue‐zheng , Jing Qi , Lin Yu‐hui , Wang Yi‐xiao , Ye Yi‐Fei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA novel cyclotriphosphazene polymer (PDP) was synthesized by one‐step method with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and 4,4′‐biphenol (DOD) as raw materials. The effects of different reaction time and molar ratio of reactants on PDP yield and molecular weight were investigated. The results showed that when the reaction time reached 60 min, the yield and the molecular weight of PDP was the highest. The yield of PDP decreased with the increase of the molar ratio of HCCP to DOD, when the ratio of HCCP to DOD was 3 : 3, the molecular weight of PDP reached the maximum. The characterization results of FTIR and XPS showed that the method can effectively prepared PDP. XRD result showed that the PDP was non‐crystalline polymer. The synthesized PDP was applied to the polyolefin cable materials by electron beam radiation cross‐linking method. The results of aging experiments showed that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the samples increased from 20% to 21.6% with the addition of 5phr PDP. As for the sample without PDP, the elongation at break was reduced to almost 0 in 12 h and tensile strength to 0 in 25 h. However, the elongation of the sample with 5phr PDP still kept 30% in 100 h, and the tensile strength kept 90% in 100 h. It shows that PDP has good flame retardancy and excellent anti‐aging properties.
From DNA to Nerve Agents – The Biomimetic Catalysts for the Hydrolysis of Phosphate Esters
Authors: Jiang Lei , Sun Yujiao , Chen Yuxue , Nan Pengli 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe phosphate ester bonds are widely present in living organisms and in the environment. From the nucleic acids to the sparingly dispersed pesticides and chemical warfare residues, the phosphoester bond's stability against hydrolysis can be extremely high or exceptionally low. Recently, the enzyme‐mimicking nanomaterials, namely ‘nanozyme’, have been explored for their activities in hydrolytically cleaving DNA, organophosphate and their analogues. Herein in a broad perspective these nanomaterials were summarized and compared with a view to reproducing the catalysis efficiency and selectivity of natural phosphatases and nucleases. The development of biomimetic inorganic materials would not only provide potential nanomedicine for future gene editing, but also offer alternative solutions to the environmentally friendly treatment of pesticide residues and chemical warfare stockpiles.
Modulation of an Alpha‐Beta Unsaturated N‐Acylhydrazone as Phase Selective Dual Efficient Chemosensor for Zn(II) and Al(III)
Authors: Patra Roumi , Rajak Kajal K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAbstract: ((E)‐N‐salicylidene)‐hydrazide (HL) was synthesised from the condensation of cinnamic acid hydrazide with salicylaldehyde and it was utilised as a fluorescent and colorimetric sensor for dual detection of Zn(II) and Al(III) ions. The solid‐state structure of the ligand (HL) was stabilised by two‐dimensional supramolecular network as evident from single crystal X‐ray diffraction data. In solution the probe was found to have greater relative binding affinity and sensitivity towards Al(III) ion over Zn(II) ion. While the probe demonstrated very fast colorimetric response towards Zn(II) ion in solid state, it had superior fluorimetric sensitivity to Al(III) ion in solution by exhibiting distinct spectral changes. This unique phase dependent property of the probe has been exploited to easily detect Al(III) and Zn(II) ions. The above mentioned metal ions formed 2 : 1 (L : M) complexes with the probe which was supported by absorption and emission titration studies, Job′s Plot and ESI mass spectral analysis. Most of the experimental outcomes were well supported by theoretical calculations.
The Synergetic Effect of Inorganic and Organic Compounds Hydrolyzed by Tetrabutyl Titanate on Improving Dispersion and Electrochemical Performance of Li4Ti5O12 Anode Material
Authors: Zhang Yanhua , Fan Weifeng , Li Xuan , Qiao Yingjun , Hu Yuxin , Li Wanpeng , Qu Meizhen , Peng Gongchang , Xie Zhengwei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSpinel Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) with small particle size has the problem of easy agglomeration, which seriously worsens electrochemical performance but hasn't been yet attracted enough attention. This is one of the biggest challenges in the practical application of LTO. Herein, LTO is modified with tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) to generate inorganic‐organic wrapped LTO anode under simple hydrolysis process. The X‐ray diffraction, fourier transformation infrared spectrum, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show the existence of modifying layer, which not only could promote dispersion, but also improve the electrochemical performance. The LTO modified with 0.5 wt.% TBT displays good dispersion with homogeneous particle size distribution and stable viscosity. Moreover, it exhibits excellent cycling properties over 200 cycles at 5 C (153.4 mAh g−1). These results are assigned to the synergetic effect of the inorganic and organic modifying layer, which could be beneficial to the dispersion and electrochemical performance.
Densely Populated Bismuth Nanosphere Semi‐Embedded Carbon Felt for Ultrahigh‐Rate and Stable Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Zhou Xuelong , Zhang Xiangyang , Mo Lanlan , Zhou Xuechang , Wu Qixing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe elaborate spatial arrangement and immobilization of highly active electrocatalysts inside porous substrates are crucial for vanadium redox flow batteries capable of high‐rate charging/discharging and stable operation. Herein, a type of bismuth nanosphere/carbon felt is devised and fabricated via the carbothermic reduction of nanostructured bismuth oxides. The bismuth nanospheres with sizes of ≈25 nm are distributed on carbon fiber surfaces in a highly dispersed manner and its density reaches up to ≈500 pcs µm−2, providing abundant active sites. Besides, a unique bismuth nanosphere semi‐embedded carbon fiber structure with strong interfacial BiC chemical bonding is spontaneously formed during carbothermic reactions, offering an excellent mechanical stability under flowing electrolytes. It shows that the bismuth nanosphere semi‐embedded carbon felt can effectively promote V(II)/V(III) redox reactions with appreciable catalytic activity. The battery with the present electrode sustains an energy efficiency of 77.1 ± 0.2% and an electrolyte utilization of 57.2 ± 0.2% even when a current density up to 480 mA cm−2 is applied, which are remarkably higher than those of batteries with the bismuth nanoparticle/carbon felt synthesized by the electrodeposition method (62.6 ± 0.1%, 23.6 ± 0.2%). Further, the battery with the present electrode demonstrates a stable energy efficiency retention of 98.2% after 1000 cycles.
H2S‐Scavenged and Activated Iron Oxide‐Hydroxide Nanospindles for MRI‐Guided Photothermal Therapy and Ferroptosis in Colon Cancer
Authors: Li Yangyang , Chen Weiyu , Qi Yuchen , Wang Shuai , Li Lei , Li Wanlin , Xie Tingting , Zhu Huanle , Tang Zhe , Zhou Min 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOverproduced hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is of vital importance for the progress of colon cancer and promotes cancer cellular proliferation. Devising pharmacological nanomaterials for tumor‐specific H2S activation will be significant for precise colon cancer treatment. Herein, a biocompatible fusiform iron oxide‐hydroxide nanospindles (FeOOH NSs) nanosystem for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ferroptosis, and H2S based cascade reaction‐enhanced combinational colon cancer treatment is developed. The FeOOH NSs can effectively scavenge endogenous H2S via the reduction reaction to prohibit the growth of CT26 colon cancer. The cascade produced FeS driven by overexpressed H2S exhibits near‐infrared‐triggered photothermal therapy capability and Fe2+‐mediated ferroptosis functionality. Meanwhile, the as‐prepared FeOOH NSs can light up tumor tissues as a potent MRI contrast agent. Additionally, FeOOH NSs present desirable biosafety in a murine model for up to three months and avoid any long‐term toxicity. Furthermore, it is found that these H2S‐responsible nanotheranostics do not cause any cure effects on other cancer types, such as 4T1 breast cancer. Overall, the findings illustrate that the biocompatible FeOOH NSs can be successfully employed as a theranostic for specifically treating colon cancer, which may promote the clinical translation and development of H2S‐responsive nanoplatforms.
Biomimicking Fiber Platform with Tunable Stiffness to Study Mechanotransduction Reveals Stiffness Enhances Oligodendrocyte Differentiation but Impedes Myelination through YAP‐Dependent Regulation
Authors: Ong William , Marinval Nicolas , Lin Junquan , Nai Mui Hoon , Chong Yee‐Song , Pinese Coline , Sajikumar Sreedharan , Lim Chwee Teck , Ffrench‐Constant Charles , Bechler Marie E. , Chew Sing Yian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA key hallmark of many diseases, especially those in the central nervous system (CNS), is the change in tissue stiffness due to inflammation and scarring. However, how such changes in microenvironment affect the regenerative process remains poorly understood. Here, a biomimicking fiber platform that provides independent variation of fiber structural and intrinsic stiffness is reported. To demonstrate the functionality of these constructs as a mechanotransduction study platform, these substrates are utilized as artificial axons and the effects of axon structural versus intrinsic stiffness on CNS myelination are independently analyzed. While studies have shown that substrate stiffness affects oligodendrocyte differentiation, the effects of mechanical stiffness on the final functional state of oligodendrocyte (i.e., myelination) has not been shown prior to this. Here, it is demonstrated that a stiff mechanical microenvironment impedes oligodendrocyte myelination, independently and distinctively from oligodendrocyte differentiation. Yes‐associated protein is identified to be involved in influencing oligodendrocyte myelination through mechanotransduction. The opposing effects on oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination provide important implications for current work screening for promyelinating drugs, since these efforts have focused mainly on promoting oligodendrocyte differentiation. Thus, the platform may have considerable utility as part of a drug discovery program in identifying molecules that promote both differentiation and myelination.
Nomenclature and typification of Swertia angustifolia (Gentianaceae), its infraspecific taxa and synonyms
Authors: Husain Danish , Barik Saroj Kanta , Srivastava Abhai K. , Katiyar Pushpendra , Sahoo Dinabandhu , Husain Tariq , Agnihotri Priyanka 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSwertia angustifolia is lectotypified. Complete synonymies are presented for each of its two recognized varieties: S. angustifolia var. angustifolia and S. angustifolia var. pulchella. Six heterotypic synonyms are lectotypified: Ophelia florida, S. angustifolia var. wallichiana, S. dielsiana, O. pratensis, O. pulchella var. minor, and S. pulchella var. elegans. Also, previously cited “holotypes” for O. porrigens, S. esquirolii, S. kachinensis and S. lacei are corrected to lectotypes. In particular, confusion that arose from the protologue of S. angustifolia var. wallichiana is discussed and resolved.
Glucose control and cognitive and physical function in adults 80+ years of age with diabetes
Authors: Zaslavsky Oleg , Walker Rod L. , Crane Paul K. , Gray Shelly L. , Larson Eric B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe modeled associations between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (<7%, 7% to 8%, and >8%) and cognitive and physical function among adults 80+ years of age with diabetes and determined whether associations differ by frailty, multimorbidity, and disability.MethodsA total of 316, adults with diabetes, 80+ years of age, were from the Adult Changes in Thought Study. The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument Item Response Theory (CASI‐IRT) measured cognition. Short performance‐based physical function (sPPF) and gait speed measured physical function. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were from clinical measurements. Analyses estimated associations between average HbA1c levels (<7%, 7% to 8%, and >8%) and functional outcomes using linear regressions estimated with generalized estimating equations.ResultssPPF scores did not differ significantly by HbA1c levels. Gait speed did, but only for non‐frail individuals; those with HbA1c >8% were slower (‐0.10 m/s [95% CI, −0.16 to −0.04]) compared to those with HbA1c 7% to 8%. The association between HbA1c and CASI‐IRT varied with age (interaction P = 0.04). At age 80, for example, relative to people with HbA1c levels of 7% to 8%, CASI‐IRT scores were, on average, 0.18 points lower (95% CI, −0.35 to −0.02) for people with HbA1c <7% and 0.22 points lower (95% CI, −0.40 to −0.05) for people with HbA1c >8%. At older ages, these estimated differences were attenuated. Estimated associations were not modified by multimorbidity or disability.DiscussionModerate HbA1c levels of 7% to 8% were associated with better cognition in early but not late octogenarians with diabetes. Furthermore, HbA1c >8% was associated with slower gait speed among those without frailty. These results add to an evidence base for determining glucose targets for very old adults with diabetes.
What is the Preferred Screening Tool for COVID‐19 in Asymptomatic Patients Undergoing a Surgical or Diagnostic Procedure?
Authors: Huybens E. M. , Bus M. P. A. , Massaad R. A. , Wijers L. , van der Voet J. A. , Delfos N. M. , van der Feltz M. , Heemstra K. A. , Koch S. M. P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionSince the outbreak of COVID‐19, measures were taken to protect healthcare staff from infection, to prevent infection of patients admitted to the hospital and to distribute PPE according to need. To assure the proper protection without overuse of limited supply of these equipments, screening of patients before surgical or diagnostic procedure was implemented. This study evaluates the results of this screening.MethodAll patients screened for COVID‐19 before procedure warranting either general, locoregional anaesthesia or sedation were included. Screening included a symptom questionnaire by phone, PCR and HRCT chest testing. Surgical or procedural details were registered together with actions taken based on screening results.ResultsThree hundred ninety‐eight screenings were performed on 386 patients. The symptom questionnaire was completed in 72% of screenings. In 371 screenings, PCR testing was performed and negative. HRCT chest found 18 cases where COVID‐19 could not be excluded, with negative PCR testing. Three patients had their surgery postponed due to inconclusive screening, and additional measures were taken in three other patients. There were incidental findings in 14% of HRCT chest scans.DiscussionPre‐operative screening will differentiate if PPE is needed for procedures and which patients can safely have elective surgery during this COVID‐19 pandemic and in the times to come. HRCT chest has no additional value in the pre‐operative screening of asymptomatic patients. Screening can be performed with a symptom questionnaire, and additional screening with PCR testing in high‐risk patient groups should be considered.