bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Full Satellite‐Driven Method for the Retrieval of Clear‐Sky Evapotranspiration
Authors: Leng Pei , Liao Qian‐Yu , Gao Mao‐Fang , Duan Si‐Bo , Li Zhao‐Liang , Zhang Xia , Shang Guo‐Fei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEvapotranspiration (ET) plays an important role in the soil‐vegetation‐atmosphere system for its considerable effect in surface energy balance and water cycle. The determination of ET based on full satellite data has been a challenge. In the present study, a full satellite‐driven method is proposed based on a newly developed pixel‐to‐pixel scheme of the land surface temperature‐vegetation index trapezoidal feature space in the presence of clear‐sky conditions. For the implementation of this approach, the three main meteorological parameters of net surface radiation, air temperature, and relative humidity were obtained solely based on satellite observations. With the exception of the three main satellite‐derived meteorological parameters, different wind speed data—including actual measurements, the assimilated product, and an averaged value of meteorological observations—were used to investigate their effects on the retrieval of ET. Specifically, two pixel‐to‐pixel trapezoidal feature space schemes, namely an original and a two‐stage scheme, were implemented to estimate ET over an arid region of the study area located in the northwest part of China. Comparison of the estimated ET with the values acquired from the eddy covariance systems yielded a reliable accuracy response with root‐mean‐squared errors of ~80 W/m2 and ~70 W/m2 for the original and two‐stage trapezoidal methods with satellite‐derived inputs, respectively, and constant wind speed data over the growing 2012 season from May to September. These results indicate that the full satellite‐driven method is capable of estimating ET over the arid region of the study area.
Constraining the Intracontinental Tectonics of the SW Central Asian Orogenic Belt by the Early Permian Paleomagnetic Pole for the Turfan‐Hami Block
Authors: Zhu Xin , Wang Bo , Chen Yan , Liu Hongsheng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn order to better understand the kinematics and geodynamics of the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic transition from accretionary to intracontinental tectonics in the southwest Central Asian Orogenic Belt, we performed a paleomagnetic study on Lower Permian strata in the Turpan‐Hami Basin, NW China. Magnetite and hematite are shown to be the principal magnetic remanence carriers. A typical sedimentary fabric that has not been modified by postdepositional deformation is recognized via magnetic fabric study. Stable characteristic remanent magnetizations, all of reverse magnetic polarity, are revealed by step demagnetizations. Remanence age is determined to be of Early Permian affinity, based on a fold test, remanence behavior of minerals, and geochronologic data. With inclination shallowing corrections, the first Early Permian paleomagnetic pole for the Turpan‐Hami Block is acquired as λ = 75.7°N, φ = 276.3°E, A95 = 5.7°, and N = 10 sites. Comparisons of this new pole with published ones from neighboring cratonic blocks provide kinematic constraints on the tectonic transition and subsequent intracontinental tectonics of this region. The Turpan‐Hami and Yili blocks have kept their relative positions since the Early Permian. Significant latitudinal movement of 14.7° ± 7.2° occurred between the Turpan‐Hami and South Junggar blocks and could be mainly accommodated by late Paleozoic crustal shortening of at least ~530 km across an intra‐arc basin in the Bogda belt. The Turpan‐Hami Block has experienced large‐magnitude relative rotations of −41.1° ± 7.1° and 21.2° ± 9.4° with respect to Tarim and South Junggar since the Early Permian, respectively, corresponding to dominant intracontinental tectonics characterized by large‐magnitude strike‐slip displacements along megashear zones.
A Joint Inversion for Three‐dimensional P and S Wave Velocity Structure and Earthquake Locations Beneath Axial Seamount
Authors: Baillard Christian , Wilcock William S.D. , Arnulf Adrien F. , Tolstoy Maya , Waldhauser Felix 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAxial Seamount is a prominent volcano located at the intersection of the Juan de Fuca Ridge and the Cobb‐Eickelberg hot spot in the northeast Pacific Ocean that has erupted in 1998, 2011, and 2015. The 2015 eruption was recorded by a seven‐station seismic network in the southern part of the summit caldera that forms part of the Ocean Observatories Initiative Cabled Array. We utilize a data set of ~3,900 well‐recorded earthquakes from January 2015 to February 2017 and a three‐dimensional P wave velocity model obtained previously from active source data to conduct a joint inversion for three‐dimensional P and S wave velocities and hypocentral parameters. The resulting velocity models are used to relocate >76,000 earthquakes with ≥10 arrival times. The velocity models reveal a low‐velocity anomaly in the center of the southern caldera at depths less than ~2 km, which corresponds to the top of the magma chamber and is interpreted as a region that is intensely fractured by the cyclical deformation of the caldera. High velocities around the caldera rim are likely due to consolidated undeformed lava flows. Low VP/VS in the southern caldera is consistent with the presence of hydrothermal vapor. Low S wave velocities and high VP/VS in the northern caldera may indicate a region dominated by thin cracks caused by dike injection. The relocated earthquakes delineate outward‐dipping ring faults more clearly than previous studies and image a subvertical inward‐dipping fault within the network that connects to the east caldera wall and eruptive fissures.
Deep Seated Density Anomalies Across the Iberia‐Africa Plate Boundary and Its Topographic Response
Authors: Jiménez‐Munt I. , Torne M. , Fernàndez M. , Vergés J. , Kumar A. , Carballo A. , García‐Castellanos D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe modes in which the lithosphere deforms during continental collision and the mechanisms involved are not well understood. While continental subduction and mantle delamination are often invoked in tectonophysical studies, these processes are difficult to be confirmed in more complex tectonic regions such as the Gibraltar Arc. We study the present‐day density and compositional structure of the lithosphere along a transect running from South Iberia to North Africa crossing the western Gibraltar Arc. This region is located in the westernmost continental segment of the African‐Eurasian plates, characterized by a diffuse transpressive plate boundary. An integrated and self‐consistent geophysical‐petrological methodology is used to model the lithosphere structure variations and the thermophysical properties of the upper mantle. The crustal structure is mainly constrained by seismic experiments and geological data, whereas the composition of the lithospheric mantle is constrained by xenolith data. The results show large lateral variations in the topography of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary. We distinguish different chemical lithospheric mantle domains that reproduce the main trends of the geophysical observables and the modeled P and S wave seismic velocities. A sublithospheric body colder than the surrounding mantle is needed beneath the Betics‐Rif to adjust the measured potential fields. We link this body to the Iberian slab localized just to the east of the profile and having some effect on the geoid and Bouguer anomalies. Local isostasy allows explaining most of the topography, but an elastic thickness higher than 10 km is needed to explain local misfits between the Atlas and the Rif Mountains.
Spatiotemporal Evolution of Long‐ and Short‐Term Slow Slip Events in the Tokai Region, Central Japan, Estimated From a Very Dense GNSS Network During 2013–2016
Authors: Sakaue Hiromu , Nishimura Takuya , Fukuda Jun'ichi , Kato Teruyuki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe analyzed Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data from 1 January 2008 to 31 January 2016 for the Tokai region of the Nankai subduction zone, in order to study long‐ and short‐term slow slip events (SSEs) on the subduction interface. The dataset included our new temporary stations to obtain high resolution observations with station spacing of about 5 km. Long‐ and short‐term SSEs have been reported in the Tokai region, over the past two decades. It is difficult to directly compare those SSEs because long‐term SSEs were observed by GNSS, while short‐term SSEs were mainly observed by tiltmeters and strainmeters. We applied a time‐dependent inversion with improved temporal resolution to GNSS data and successfully obtained the spatiotemporal evolution of long‐ and short‐term SSEs. Our results show the very slow and stable slip of a long‐term SSE with Mw 6.6, along with several episodes of accelerated slip associated with short‐term SSEs (Mw 6.0–6.1). Our results showed the details of the migrating slip patterns and slip rates for the short‐term SSEs and possible relation with low frequency tremor (LFT). LFT is more associated with smaller magnitude short‐term SSEs rather than the larger long‐term SSEs. However, the maximum daily slip rates for short‐term SSEs are an order of magnitude larger than those for the long‐term SSEs. This suggests an explanation that the LFT may be directly related to the loading of the plate interface by the short‐term SSEs.
Decadal Variation of the Kuroshio Intrusion Into the South China Sea During 1992–2016
Authors: Chen Yicheng , Zhai Fangguo , Li Peiliang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDecadal variation of the Kuroshio intrusion into the South China Sea (KIS) during 1992–2016 is investigated using high‐resolution Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model reanalysis data. The results indicate that both the yearly occurrence frequency of the Kuroshio intrusion and Luzon Strait transport show significant decadal variations and were generally high in approximately 1993, 2003–2004, and 2015–2016 and low in 1998–1999 and 2009–2010. The KIS is closely connected to the decadal oscillation of the meridional sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) gradient west of the Luzon Strait (LS). Further analyses reveal that large‐scale wind forcing in the western tropical Pacific Ocean is a major factor regulating decadal variation of the KIS, while local wind forcing has little impact. Cyclonic wind stress curl anomalies (WSCAs) over the western tropical Pacific Ocean induce negative SSHAs that propagate westward to the eastern coast of the Philippines via upwelling Rossby waves, weakening the Kuroshio transport and consequently enhancing the KIS. In addition, signals of negative SSHAs can propagate clockwise along the Philippines as coastal Kelvin waves and hence strengthen the northward SSHA gradient west of the LS, eventually leading to a stronger KIS. The situation is reversed when anticyclonic WSCAs prevail in the western tropical Pacific Ocean. The Philippines‐Taiwan Oscillation is linked to decadal WSCAs over the western tropical Pacific Ocean and hence regulates the decadal KIS.
The Effect of Remote Sensing Resolution Limits on Aeolian Sandstone Measurements and the Reconstruction of Ancient Dune Fields on Mars: Numerical Experiment Using the Page Sandstone, Earth
Authors: Cardenas Benjamin T. , Swanson Travis , Goudge Timothy A. , Wagner R. Wayne , Mohrig David 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe distribution of cross‐set thicknesses is important data for reconstructing ancient aeolian dune fields from the strata they accumulated, but most aeolian strata on Mars must be observed from satellite. We hypothesize that remote sensing resolution limits will affect cross‐set thickness measurements and the dune‐field reconstructions that follow. Here we test this hypothesis using a numerical experiment mimicking the effects of satellite image resolution limits performed on a distribution of aeolian cross‐set thicknesses measured in the field from the Jurassic Page Sandstone, Arizona, USA. Page set thicknesses are exponentially distributed, representing the accumulations of dry dune fields (no water table interactions with the dunes) in a state of net‐sediment bypass. When observed from satellite, set‐thickness measurements increase as adjacent sets become indistinguishable, based on the map‐view distance between their upper and lower bounding surfaces. This is termed the exposure distance of a cross set and is a function of (1) the set thickness, (2) the dip of the outcrop surface, and (3) the number of satellite image pixels required to detect a set (detection limit). By running experiments using outcrop dips from 1° to 60° and detection limits from 0.75 to 2.50 m (3 to 10 High‐Resolution Imaging Science Experiment pixels), we find that gently sloping surfaces (< 13°) at all detection limits are associated with the least blending of adjacent sets, conserving the net‐bypass interpretation made from the true set thicknesses. Although these results are specific to the Page, they can be used as a guide for future Mars work.
Loading and Bioavailability of Colloidal Phosphorus in the Estuarine Gradient of the Deer Creek‐Susquehanna River Transect in the Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Li Qiang , Yuan Hezhong , Li Hui , Wang Dengjun , Jin Yan , Jaisi Deb P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhosphorus (P) overloading is a major cause of surface water eutrophication and bottom water hypoxia. The incomplete understanding of different P pools and their corresponding bioavailability in the continuum from sources and sinks has limited the development of appropriate nutrient management strategies. Here we apply multistable isotope proxies to track colloids and identify whether specific P pools in colloids are biologically cycled at the Deer Creek‐Susquehanna River mouth stretch. Results showed that NaOH‐Pi is the most dominant P pool in the summer and winter seasons. Oxygen isotope values (δ18OP) of NaOH‐Pi and HNO3‐Pi pools of different size fractions of colloids are much heavier than the ranges of equilibrium values in the ambient water, which suggest that these two pools are recalcitrant against biological uptake. It further means isotopic signatures of these P pools could be used to identify the sources of colloids. Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotope compositions of colloids showed that the contribution of terrestrial sources gradually decreases downstream of the river toward the bay and Deer Creek contributes disproportionately high amounts of colloids to the Susquehanna River. These findings provide valuable information on the loading of colloids and relative bioavailability of colloidal P pools in estuarine ecosystems.
Nature-inspired rollable electronics
Authors: Lee Gunhee , Choi Yong Whan , Lee Taemin , Lim Kyung Seob , Shin Jooyeon , Kim Taewi , Kim Hyun Kuk , Koo Bon-Kwon , Kim Han Byul , Lee Jong-Gu , Ahn Kihyeon , Lee Eunhan , Lee Min Suk , Jeon Jin , Yang Hee Seok , Won Phillip , Mo Seongho , Kim Namkeun , Jeong Myung Ho , Roh Yeonwook , Han Seungyong , Koh Je-Sung , Kim Sang Moon , Kang Daeshik , Choi Mansoo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInspired by the rolling mechanism of the proboscis of a butterfly, rollable electronics that can be rolled and unrolled to a great extent on demand are developed. Generally, electronic devices that are attached to various surfaces to acquire biosignals require mechanical flexibility and sufficient adhesive force. The rollable platform provides sufficient force that grips onto the entire target surface without destroying the target organ. To prove the versatility of our device not only in gripping and detecting biosignals from micro objects but also in performing a variety of functions, thin-film electronics including a heater, strain sensor and temperature sensor are constructed on the rollable platform, and it is confirmed that all the electronics operate normally in the rolled and unrolled states without breakdown. Then, micro bio-objects are gripped by using the rollable platform, and their tiny motions are successfully detected with the sensor on the platform. Furthermore, the detection of the pulse wave signals of swine under diverse experimental conditions is successfully conducted by rolling up the rollable system around the blood vessel of the swine, the result of which proves the feasibility of a rollable platform as a biomedical device.
Mechanism of synergistic actin filament pointed end depolymerization by cyclase-associated protein and cofilin
Authors: Kotila Tommi , Wioland Hugo , Enkavi Giray , Kogan Konstantin , Vattulainen Ilpo , Jégou Antoine , Romet-Lemonne Guillaume , Lappalainen Pekka 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe ability of cells to generate forces through actin filament turnover was an early adaptation in evolution. While much is known about how actin filaments grow, mechanisms of their disassembly are incompletely understood. The best-characterized actin disassembly factors are the cofilin family proteins, which increase cytoskeletal dynamics by severing actin filaments. However, the mechanism by which severed actin filaments are recycled back to monomeric form has remained enigmatic. We report that cyclase-associated-protein (CAP) works in synergy with cofilin to accelerate actin filament depolymerization by nearly 100-fold. Structural work uncovers the molecular mechanism by which CAP interacts with actin filament pointed end to destabilize the interface between terminal actin subunits, and subsequently recycles the newly-depolymerized actin monomer for the next round of filament assembly. These findings establish CAP as a molecular machine promoting rapid actin filament depolymerization and monomer recycling, and explain why CAP is critical for actin-dependent processes in all eukaryotes.
Continuous-variable tomography of solitary electrons
Authors: Fletcher J. D. , Johnson N. , Locane E. , See P. , Griffiths J. P. , Farrer I. , Ritchie D. A. , Brouwer P. W. , Kashcheyevs V. , Kataoka M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA method for characterising the wave-function of freely-propagating particles would provide a useful tool for developing quantum-information technologies with single electronic excitations. Previous continuous-variable quantum tomography techniques developed to analyse electronic excitations in the energy-time domain have been limited to energies close to the Fermi level. We show that a wide-band tomography of single-particle distributions is possible using energy-time filtering and that the Wigner representation of the mixed-state density matrix can be reconstructed for solitary electrons emitted by an on-demand single-electron source. These are highly localised distributions, isolated from the Fermi sea. While we cannot resolve the pure state Wigner function of our excitations due to classical fluctuations, we can partially resolve the chirp and squeezing of the Wigner function imposed by emission conditions and quantify the quantumness of the source. This tomography scheme, when implemented with sufficient experimental resolution, will enable quantum-limited measurements, providing information on electron coherence and entanglement at the individual particle level.
Poly(A) inclusive RNA isoform sequencing (PAIso−seq) reveals wide-spread non-adenosine residues within RNA poly(A) tails
Authors: Liu Yusheng , Nie Hu , Liu Hongxiang , Lu Falong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMessage RNA poly(A) tails are vital for their function and regulation. However, the full-length sequence of mRNA isoforms with their poly(A) tails remains undetermined. Here, we develop a method at single-cell level sensitivity that enables quantification of poly(A) tails along with the full-length cDNA while reading non-adenosine residues within poly(A) tails precisely, which we name poly(A) inclusive RNA isoform sequencing (PAIso−seq). Using this method, we can quantify isoform specific poly(A) tail length. More interestingly, we find that 17% of the mRNAs harbor non-A residues within the body of poly(A) tails in mouse GV oocytes. We show that PAIso−seq is sensitive enough to analyze single GV oocytes. These findings will not only provide an accurate and sensitive tool in studying poly(A) tails, but also open a door for the function and regulation of non-adenosine modifications within the body of poly(A) tails.
Optogenetic gamma stimulation rescues memory impairments in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model
Authors: Etter Guillaume , van der Veldt Suzanne , Manseau Frédéric , Zarrinkoub Iman , Trillaud-Doppia Emilie , Williams Sylvain 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSlow gamma oscillations (30–60 Hz) correlate with retrieval of spatial memory. Altered slow gamma oscillations have been observed in Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we use the J20-APP AD mouse model that displays spatial memory loss as well as reduced slow gamma amplitude and phase-amplitude coupling to theta oscillations phase. To restore gamma oscillations in the hippocampus, we used optogenetics to activate medial septal parvalbumin neurons at different frequencies. We show that optogenetic stimulation of parvalbumin neurons at 40 Hz (but not 80 Hz) restores hippocampal slow gamma oscillations amplitude, and phase-amplitude coupling of the J20 AD mouse model. Restoration of slow gamma oscillations during retrieval rescued spatial memory in mice despite significant plaque deposition. These results support the role of slow gamma oscillations in memory and suggest that optogenetic stimulation of medial septal parvalbumin neurons at 40 Hz could provide a novel strategy for treating memory deficits in AD.
MglA functions as a three-state GTPase to control movement reversals of Myxococcus xanthus
Authors: Galicia Christian , Lhospice Sébastien , Varela Paloma Fernández , Trapani Stefano , Zhang Wenhua , Navaza Jorge , Herrou Julien , Mignot Tâm , Cherfils Jacqueline 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn Myxococcus xanthus, directed movement is controlled by pole-to-pole oscillations of the small GTPase MglA and its GAP MglB. Direction reversals require that MglA is inactivated by MglB, yet paradoxically MglA and MglB are located at opposite poles at reversal initiation. Here we report the complete MglA/MglB structural cycle combined to GAP kinetics and in vivo motility assays, which uncovers that MglA is a three-state GTPase and suggests a molecular mechanism for concerted MglA/MglB relocalizations. We show that MglA has an atypical GTP-bound state (MglA-GTP*) that is refractory to MglB and is re-sensitized by a feedback mechanism operated by MglA-GDP. By identifying and mutating the pole-binding region of MglB, we then provide evidence that the MglA-GTP* state exists in vivo. These data support a model in which MglA-GDP acts as a soluble messenger to convert polar MglA-GTP* into a diffusible MglA-GTP species that re-localizes to the opposite pole during reversals.