bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Hyaluronate Carboxymethylcellulose‐Based Bioresorbable Membrane in Two‐Staged Pancreatojejunostomy
Authors: Yamazaki Shintaro , Takayama Tadatoshi , Mitsuka Yusuke , Yoshida Nao , Yoshida Naoki , Shimamoto Naoaki , Higaki Tokio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundTwo‐staged pancreatoduodenectomy with exteriorization of pancreatic juice is a safe procedure for high‐risk patients. However, two‐staged pancreatoduodenectomy requires complex re‐laparotomy and adhesion removal. We analyzed whether using hyaluronate carboxymethylcellulose‐based bioresorbable membrane (HCM) reduced the time required for the second operation and facilitated good fistula formation in two‐staged pancreatoduodenectomy.MethodsBetween April 2011 and December 2018, data were collected from 206 consecutive patients who underwent two‐staged pancreatoduodenectomy. HCM has been used for all patients since 2015. Patients for whom HCM was used (HCM group; n = 61) were compared to historical controls (before 2015) without HCM (control group; n = 145) in terms of feasibility of the second operation (operation time, adhesion grade, and complications) and optimal granulation around the external tube at the second laparotomy.ResultsThe HCM group showed significantly shorter median operation time [105 min (30–228 min) vs. 151 min (30–331 min); p < 0.001] and smaller median blood loss [36 mL (8–118 mL) vs. 58 mL (12–355 mL); p < 0.001] for the second operation. Neither overall postoperative complication rate (p = 0.811) nor severe‐grade complication rate (p = 0.857) differed significantly. Both groups showed good fistula formation, with no significant difference in rate of optimal fistula formation (HCM group, 95.1% vs. control, 95.9%; p = 0.867).ConclusionHCM placement significantly improved safety and duration for the second operation, while preserving good fistula formation.
Reproducibility protocol for diagnostic procedures in Manual/Musculoskeletal Medicine
Authors: Patijn Jacob 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The International Academy of Manual/Musculoskeletal Medicine (IAMMM) has completely revised the protocol for reproducibility studies of diagnostic procedures in Manual/Musculoskeletal Medicine (M/M Medicine). The protocol was and is aimed at the practitioners in the field of M/M Medicine. This IAMMM protocol can be used in a very practical way and makes it feasible to perform reproducibility studies equally well in private practices and clinics for M/M Medicine with two or more physicians and as by educational boards of the societies of M/M Medicine. This IAMMM protocol provides practical solutions for sample size calculations in reproducibility studies using kappa statistics. Step by step, many different statistical aspects of reproducibility studies are explained, resulting in a very structured protocol format of how to perform a reproducibility study using overall agreement and the kappa value as statistical outcome.
The autoantibody-mediated encephalitides: from clinical observations to molecular pathogenesis
Authors: Ramanathan Sudarshini , Al-Diwani Adam , Waters Patrick , Irani Sarosh R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe autoimmune encephalitis (AE) syndromes have been characterised by the detection of autoantibodies in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid which target the extracellular domains of specific neuroglial antigens. The clinical syndromes have phenotypes which are often highly characteristic of their associated antigen-specific autoantibody. For example, the constellation of psychiatric features and the multi-faceted movement disorder observed in patients with NMDAR antibodies are highly distinctive, as are the faciobrachial dystonic seizures observed in close association with LGI1 antibodies. These typically tight correlations may be conferred by the presence of autoantibodies which can directly access and modulate their antigens in vivo. AE remains an under-recognised clinical syndrome but one where early and accurate detection is critical as prompt initiation of immunotherapy is closely associated with improved outcomes. In this review of a rapidly emerging field, we outline molecular observations with translational value. We focus on contemporary methodologies of autoantibody detection, the evolution and distinctive nature of the clinical phenotypes, generalisable therapeutic paradigms, and finally discuss the likely mechanisms of autoimmunity in these patients which may inform future precision therapies.
Natural history of diabetic macular edema and factors predicting outcomes in sham-treated patients (MEAD study)
Authors:   on behalf of the Ozurdex MEAD Study Group, Yoon Young Hee , Boyer David S. , Maturi Raj K. , Bandello Francesco , Belfort Rubens , Augustin Albert J. , Li Xiao-Yan , Bai Zhanying , Hashad Yehia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
To describe the natural history of diabetic macular edema (DME) with respect to best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) outcomes and to identify baseline patient characteristics and systemic factors associated with improvement or worsening of outcomes in sham-treated patients.

Methods
The study population was sham-treated patients (n = 350) in the 3-year MEAD registration study of dexamethasone intravitreal implant for treatment of DME. Patients had center-involved DME and received sham intravitreal injections in the study eye at ≥ 6-month intervals. Potential prognostic factors for outcomes were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis.

Results
Visual and anatomic outcomes were poorer in patients who left the study early (n = 198) than in study completers (n = 152). Mean change in BCVA from baseline at the last visit with available data was + 0.9 letters; 37.5% of patients had no change in BCVA, 23.2% had gained > 10 letters, and 16.0% had lost > 10 letters. Older age and baseline diabetic retinopathy score > 6 were associated with worse BCVA outcomes; thicker baseline CRT and larger number of hypertension medications used were associated with larger reductions in CRT during the study.

Conclusions
BCVA and CRT outcomes were variable in this population of DME patients with generally good glycemic control. In DME patients without active treatment, older age and baseline diabetic retinopathy score > 6 were associated with less improvement in BCVA; thicker baseline CRT and a larger number of antihypertensive medications used predicted better improvement in CRT.

Trial registration
The MEAD study trials are registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifiers NCT00168337 and NCT00168389.
A clinically applicable tool for rapidly estimating muscle volume using ultrasound images
Authors: Rothwell Daniel T. , Fong Daniel T. P. , Stapley Sarah A. , Williams David J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to identify a safe, rapid, and accessible method of estimating muscle volume of key lower limb muscle groups to reduce the time-demand of acquiring this measurement and potentially facilitate its application as a clinical monitoring tool.

Methods
Unilateral MRI images were acquired from the 12th thoracic vertebrae to the base of the foot in 18 recreationally active males. Panoramic B-mode ultrasound images were acquired from the same leg at the mid-hip, 25%, 50%, and 75% of thigh length, and 25% of shank length. Body mass, height, limb lengths, and circumferences at the sites corresponding to the ultrasound images were acquired. A single investigator manually analysed all images. Regression analyses were conducted to identify models for estimating volume of the hip extensor, knee extensor and flexor, and ankle plantarflexor muscle groups.

Results
Models were developed for estimating hip extensor (SEE = 8.92%, R2 = 0.690), knee extensor (SEE = 5.24%, R2 = 0.707) and flexor (SEE = 7.89%, R2 = 0.357), and ankle plantarflexor (SEE = 10.78%, R2 = 0.387) muscle group volumes. The hip and knee extensor models showed good potential for generalisation. Systematic error was observed for the knee flexor and ankle plantarflexor models.

Conclusions
Hip extensor, knee extensor and flexor, and ankle plantarflexor muscle group volumes can be estimated using B-mode ultrasound images and anthropometric measurements. The error shown for each of the models was sufficient to identify previously reported differences in muscle volume due to training or injury, supporting their clinical application.
Effectiveness of the segment method in absolute and joint coordinates when modelling risers
Authors: Adamiec-Wójcik Iwona , Brzozowska Lucyna , Wojciech Stanisław 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper presents two formulations of the segment method: one with absolute coordinates and the second with joint coordinates. The nonlinear equations of motion of slender links are derived from the Lagrange equations by means of the methods used in multibody systems. Values of forces and moments acting in the connections between the segments are defined using a new and unique procedure which enables the mutual interaction of bending and torsion to be considered. The models take into account the influence of the velocity of the internal fluid flow on the riser’s dynamics. The dynamic analysis of a riser with fluid flow requires calculation of the curvature by approximation of the Euler angles with polynomials of the second order. The influence of the sea environment, such as added mass of water, drag and buoyancy forces as well as sea current, is considered. In addition, the influence of torsion is discussed. Validation is carried out for both models by comparing the authors’ own results with those obtained from experimental measurements presented in the literature and from COMSOL, Riflex and Abaqus software. The validation is concerned with vibrations of cables and the riser with internal fluid flow as well as with frequencies of free and forced vibrations of a riser fully or partially submerged in water. The numerical effectiveness of both formulations is examined for dynamic analysis of the riser, whose top end is moving in a horizontal plane. Conclusions concerned with the effectiveness of both formulations of the segment method and the influence of torsional vibrations on numerical results are formulated.
Drivers of Vegetation Development, Biomass Production and the Initiation of Peat Formation in a Newly Constructed Wetland
Authors: Overbeek Ciska C. , Harpenslager Sarah Faye , van Zuidam Jeroen P. , van Loon E. Emiel , Lamers Leon P. M. , Soons Merel B. , Admiraal Wim , Verhoeven Jos T. A. , Smolders Alfons J. P. , Roelofs Jan G. M. , van der Geest Harm G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNewly constructed wetlands are created to provide a range of ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration. Our understanding of the initial factors leading to successful peat formation in such environments is, however, limited. In a new 100-ha wetland that was created north of Amsterdam (the Netherlands), we conducted an experiment to determine the best combination of abiotic and biotic starting conditions for initial peat-forming processes. Sediment conditions were the main driver of vegetation development, biomass production and elemental composition during the 3-year study period. Overall, helophytes (Typhaspp.) dominated basins with nutrient-rich conditions, whereas nutrient-poor basins were covered by submerged vegetation, which produced about seven times less aboveground biomass than helophytes. The C/N ratios for all plant species and biomass components were generally lower under nutrient-rich conditions and were lower for submerged species than helophytes. Because total basin biomass showed five times higher shoot and ten times higher root and rhizome production for clay and organic than sand sediments, even with some differences in decomposition rates are the conditions in the nutrient-rich basins expected to produce higher levels of initial peat formation. The results suggest that addition of a nutrient-rich sediment layer creates the best conditions for initial peat formation by stimulating rapid development of helophytes.
Dynamic gene expression changes in response to micronutrient, macronutrient, and multiple stress exposures in soybean
Authors: O’Rourke Jamie A. , McCabe Chantal E. , Graham Michelle A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Preserving crop yield is critical for US soybean production and the global economy. Crop species have been selected for increased yield for thousands of years with individual lines selected for improved performance in unique environments, constraints not experienced by model species such as Arabidopsis. This selection likely resulted in novel stress adaptations, unique to crop species. Given that iron deficiency is a perennial problem in the soybean growing regions of the USA and phosphate deficiency looms as a limitation to global agricultural production, nutrient stress studies in crop species are critically important. In this study, we directly compared whole-genome expression responses of leaves and roots to iron (Fe) and phosphate (Pi) deficiency, representing a micronutrient and macronutrient, respectively. Conducting experiments side by side, we observed soybean responds to both nutrient deficiencies within 24 h. While soybean responds largely to –Fe deficiency, it responds strongly to Pi resupply. Though the timing of the responses was different, both nutrient stress signals used the same molecular pathways. Our study is the first to demonstrate the speed and diversity of the soybean stress response to multiple nutrient deficiencies. We also designed the study to examine gene expression changes in response to multiple stress events. We identified 865 and 3375 genes that either altered their direction of expression after a second stress exposure or were only differentially expressed after a second stress event. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of these responses in crop species could have major implications for improving stress tolerance and preserving yield.
Dysfunctional sleep-related cognition and anxiety mediate the relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and insomnia symptoms
Authors: Akram Umair , Gardani Maria , Riemann Dieter , Akram Asha , Allen Sarah F. , Lazuras Lambros , Johann Anna F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Perfectionism is one of several personality traits associated with insomnia. Whilst research has examined the relationships between perfectionism and insomnia, the mediating role of dysfunctional sleep-related cognition (i.e. sleep-related worry and dysfunctional beliefs about the biological attribution of and consequences of poor sleep) has yet to be examined. This study aimed to determine whether aspects of multidimensional perfectionism were related to increased reporting of insomnia symptoms. In addition, the potential mediating role of dysfunctional sleep-related cognition and anxiety symptoms was examined. Members of the general population (N = 624) completed the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes About Sleep Scale, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. The results showed that perfectionism dimensions, anxiety symptoms, and dysfunctional sleep-related cognition were significantly associated with insomnia symptoms. Regression-based mediation analyses further showed that both dysfunctional sleep-related cognition and anxiety significantly mediated the associations between insomnia symptoms and three perfectionism dimensions (i.e. doubts about action, parental expectations, and parental criticism). The experience of perfectionistic tendencies, anxiety, and dysfunctional sleep-related cognition may initiate behavioural strategies (e.g. daytime napping) when faced with an acute sleep problem. However, these strategies may serve to transition insomnia from an acute to a chronic condition.
Entity Realism About Mental Representations
Authors: Nanay Bence 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe concept of mental representation has long been considered to be central concept of philosophy of mind and cognitive science. But not everyone agrees. Neo-behaviorists aim to explain the mind (or some subset thereof) without positing any representations. My aim here is not to assess the merits and demerits of neo-behaviorism, but to take their challenge seriously and ask the question: What justifies the attribution of representations to an agent? Both representationalists and neo-behaviorists tend to take it for granted that the real question about representations is whether we should be realist about the theory of representationalism. This paper is an attempt to shift the emphasis from the debate concerning realism about theories to the one concerning realism about entities. My claim is that regardless of whether we are realist about representational theories of the mind, we have compelling reasons to endorse entity realism about mental representations.
Prevalence and Risk-Markers of Self-Harm in Autistic Children and Adults
Authors: Licence Lucy , Oliver Chris , Moss Jo , Richards Caroline 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Self-harm is purportedly common in autistic individuals, but under-researched, particularly in younger samples and those without intellectual disability. This study aimed to describe prevalence, profile and correlates of self-harm in autistic individuals without impairments in adaptive functioning. Parents of autistic participants (n = 83) completed questionnaires regarding the presence/topography of self-harm, demographic characteristics, autism severity, age of diagnosis, affect, activity levels and repetitive behaviour. 24.10% of participants engaged in self-harm. Self‐harm was associated with significantly higher levels of impulsivity, over-activity, negative affect, compulsive behaviour and insistence on sameness. Low mood and overactivity/impulsivity predicted the presence of self-harm, with the model correctly classifying 82.9% of cases. Findings highlight a role for impaired behavioural inhibition and low mood in the aetiological mechanisms underpinning self-harm in autism.
Reproduction and Offspring Sex Ratios Differ Markedly among Closely Related Hyperparasitoids Living in the Same Microhabitats
Authors: Harvey Jeffrey A. , de Haan Lucas , Verdeny-Vilalta Oriol , Visser Bertanne , Gols Rieta 
Published: October 2019

AbstractClosely related species in nature usually exhibit very similar phylogenetically conserved traits, such as reproduction, behavior and development. Here, we compared fecundity schedules, lifetime reproductive success and offspring sex ratios in three congeneric facultative hyperparasitoid wasps that exhibit several overlapping traits and which co-occur in the same small-scale habitats.Gelis agilis,G. proximusandG. hortensisare abundant in meadows and forest edge habitats in the Netherlands.Gelis agilisis asexual (all female), whereas the other two species reproduce sexually. Here they developed on cocoons of the primary parasitoidCotesia glomerata. When provided with unlimited hosts, lifetime reproductive success was three times higher inG. proximusthan inG. agiliswithG. hortensisproducing intermediate numbers of offspring. All three species depleted their teneral reserves during their lives. Females ofG. proximusandG. hortensislived significantly longer than females ofG. agilis. Offspring sex ratios in youngG. proximusmothers were female-biased and marginally male-biased inG. hortensis. As mothers aged, however, the ratio of male:female progeny produced rapidly increased until no daughters emerged later in life. Our results reveal significant differences in reproductive traits among the three species despite them co-occurring in the same microhabitats, being very closely related and morphologically similar. The increase in the production of male progeny byGelismothers over time suggests a depletion in sperm number or viability with age. This is especially interesting, given thatGelisspecies are among the least fecund parasitoids thus far studied. It is likely that in the field mostGelismothers are probably only able to parasitize a few hosts and to maintain the production of female offspring.
Bridges with Random Length: Gamma Case
Authors: Erraoui Mohamed , Hilbert Astrid , Louriki Mohammed 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we generalize the concept of gamma bridge in the sense that the length will be random, that is, the time to reach the given level is random. The main objective of this paper is to show that certain basic properties of gamma bridges with deterministic length stay true also for gamma bridges with random length. We show that the gamma bridge with random length is a pure jump process and that its jumping times are countable and dense in the random interval bounded by 0 and the random length. Moreover, we prove that this process is a Markov process with respect to its completed natural filtration as well as with respect to the usual augmentation of this filtration, which leads us to conclude that its completed natural filtration is right continuous. Finally, we give its canonical decomposition with respect to the usual augmentation of its natural filtration.
Density and shrinkage as guiding criteria for the optimization of the thermal conductivity of poly(urethane)-class aerogels
Authors: Członka Sylwia , Bertino Massimo F. , Kośny Jan , Shukla Nitin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We investigated the effect of gelation solvent, monomer type, and monomer concentration on the physical properties of freeze-dried poly(urethane)-poly(isocyanurate) (PUR-PIR) aerogels, with particular emphasis on their thermal conductivity. It was found that the gelation solvent considerably affects aerogel morphology and physical properties. Aerogels with the lowest thermal conductivity were obtained using a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and acetonitrile, in a 50% volume ratio. The influence on thermal conductivity of polyol and isocyanate structure and of their concentration was also investigated. Rigid precursors, phloroglucinol (POL), and an aromatic polyisocyanate based on toluene diisocyanate (Desmodur RC) yielded the lowest thermal conductivity. Our results were compared with recent work reporting on parameters that could be used as predictors of thermal conductivity and other physical properties of organic aerogels. None of these parameters were found to be satisfactory predictors of aerogel properties. For example, no systematic correlation between solvent solubility parameters and aerogel properties was observed. We also examined the role of the K-index. This index, defined as the ratio between porosity and contact angle, was shown recently to be a good predictor of the properties of polyurea aerogels. While the thermal conductivity scaled with the K-index, the scaling was different for each of the isocyanate monomers considered in our experiments. Thermal conductivity, instead, scaled well with the product of density and shrinkage of aerogels, independent of monomer type. The reasons of this dependence on shrinkage and density are discussed, and the use of these parameters to guide experimentation on other systems is discussed. Physical properties such as static and dynamic compression modulus and thermal stability of the most promising formulations were also examined.