bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthy Neighbourhoods: Health Promotion and Prevention in Urban Neighbourhoods
Authors: Westenhöfer Joachim , Buchcik Johanna , Borutta Jana 
Published: November 2019

Introduction Maintaining good life quality in urban neighbourhoods is one of the biggest challenges. The project "Healthy Neighbourhoods - Health Promotion and Prevention in Districts" ( 07/201712/2020) aims to describe and improve health and quality of life of citizens living in neighbourhoods with different socioeconomic statuses. Method To examine a possible connection between social and health situation, six districts with "very low", "low", "middle" and "high" social statuses will be compared. An instrument was developed to measure walkability, community sense, nutrition, alcohol and tobacco consumption, resilience, health-related quality of life as well as the socio-economic and the socio-demographic status. Results In April 2019, the team recorded n=621 interviews (n=102 in Lohbrügge, n=116 in Rahlstedt, n=87 in Sasel, n=135 in Stellingen, n=65 Wilhelmsburg and n=116 in Hamm). Men were somewhat overrepresented compared to women (n=268 woman, n=345 men, n=2 diverse, n=8 no indication). Respondents were aged between 18 - 96 (mean = 57.5, SD = 19.6). Discussion The results demonstrate different health situations, resources and challenges regarding the socio-economic status and the district respectively. To ensure a participative approach, the results will be presented to citizens and health experts living in these districts and form the basis to develop health promoting intervention.
The life cycle of submesoscale eddies generated by topographic interactions
Authors: Morvan Mathieu , L'Hégaret Pierre , Carton Xavier , Gula Jonathan , Vic Clément , de Marez Charly , Sokolovskiy Mikhail , Koshel Konstantin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Persian Gulf Water and Red Sea Water are salty and dense waters flowing at intermediate depths in the Gulf of Oman and the Gulf of Aden, respectively. Their spreading pathways are influence by mesoscale eddies that dominate the surface flow in both semi-enclosed basins. In situ measurements combined with altimetry indicate that Persian Gulf Water is stirred in the form of filaments and submesoscale structures by mesoscale eddies. In this paper, we study the formation and the life cycle of intense submesoscale vortices and their potential impact on the spreading of Persian Gulf Water and Red Sea Water. We use a primitive-equation three-dimensional hydrostatic model at a submesoscale-resolving resolution to study the evolution of submesoscale vortices. Our configuration idealistically mimics the dynamics in the Gulf of Oman and the Gulf of Aden: a zonal row of mesoscale vortices
interacting with north and south topographic slopes. Intense submesoscale vortices are generated in the simulations along the continental slopes due to two different mechanisms. First, intense vorticity filaments are generated over the continental slope due to frictional interactions of the background flow with the sloping topography. These filaments are shed into the ocean interior and undergo horizontal shear instability that leads to the formation of submesoscale coherent vortices. The second mechanism is inviscid and features baroclinic instabilities arising at depth due to the weak stratification. Submesoscale vortices subsequently drift away, merge and form larger vortices. They can also pair with opposite-signed vortices and travel across the domain. They eventually dissipate their energy via several mechanisms, in particular fusion into the larger eddies or erosion on the topography. Since no submesoscale flow clearly associated with the fragments of Persian Gulf Water was observed in situ, we modeled Persian Gulf Water as Lagrangian particles. Particle patches are advected and sheared by vortices and are entrained into filaments. Their size first grows as the square root of time: a signature of the merging processes. Then, it increases linearly with time, corresponding to their ballistic advection by submesoscale eddies.
On the contrary, without intense submesoscale eddies, particles are mainly advected by mesoscale eddies; this implies a weaker dispersion of particles than in the previous case. This shows the potentially important role of submesoscale eddies in spreading Persian Gulf Water and Red Sea Water.
Uso de Palivizumab en Recién Nacidos Prematuros
Authors: Contreras Martínez Larissa Maydelin , Cerna Márquez Marlon Alexander 
Published: November 2019

El Palivizumab es una terapia biológica perteneciente a la familia de los anticuerpos monoclonales IgG, indicado para la prevención de enfermedad respiratoria inferior grave causada por el Virus Sincitial Respiratorio (VSR) en neonatos prematuros con factores de riesgo. Los recién nacidos pretérminos (RNPT) se consideran los más susceptibles a dichas enfermedades en comparación con los recién nacidos a términos (RNT) sanos, lo que se traduce en mayores ingresos a Unidades De Cuidados intensivos Neonatales (UCIN), mayores costos hospitalarios y mayor morbi mortalidad. La profilaxis con Palivizumab según la última actualización de la Academia Americana de Pediatría (AAP) se puede administrar a los recién nacidos ≥ 29 semanas y 0 días de gestación que son menores de 12 meses en el inicio de la temporada del VSR o sean dados de alta durante ella. Para los recién nacidos durante la estación del VSR, se necesitarán al menos 5 dosis. Dada la controversia que existe actualmente en el uso de Palivizumab, por sus altos costos y discrepancias en las indicaciones relacionadas con la edad gestacional decidimos hacer una revisión bibliográfica del uso de Palivizumab en RNPT.
Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Significance of Gallbladder and Cystic Duct Invasion in Distal Bile Duct Carcinoma
Authors: Jun Sun-Young , An Soyeon , Sung You-Na , Park Yejong , Lee Jae Hoon , Hwang Dae Wook , Hong Seung-Mo 
Published: November 2019

Context.—The roles of the gallbladder and cystic duct (CD) invasions in distal bile duct carcinoma (DBDC) have not been well elucidated.Objective.—To define the characteristics and prognostic significance of gallbladder or CD invasions in patients with DBDC.Design.—Organ invasion patterns with clinicopathologic features were assessed in 258 resected DBDCs.Results.—CD invasions (N = 31) were associated with frequent concomitant pancreatic and/or duodenal invasions (23 of 31, 74%) and showed stromal infiltration (16 of 31, 52%) and intraductal cancerization (15 of 31, 48%) patterns. In only 2 cases, invasions with intraductal cancerization were observed in the gallbladder neck. Conversely, all pancreatic (N = 175) and duodenal (83) invasions developed through stromal infiltration. CD invasions were associated with larger tumor size (P = .001), bile duct margin positivity (P = .001), perineural invasions (P = .04), and higher N categories (P = .007). Patients with pancreatic or duodenal invasions had significantly lower survival rates than those without pancreatic (median, 31.0 versus 93.9 months) or duodenal (27.5 versus 56.8 months, P &lt; .001, both) invasions. However, those with gallbladder or CD invasions did not have different survival times (P = .13). Patients with concomitant gallbladder/CD and pancreatic/duodenal invasions demonstrated significantly lower survival rates than those without organ invasions (P &lt; .001).Conclusions.—Gallbladder invasions were rare in DBDCs as neck invasions with intraductal cancerization. CD invasions occurred by stromal infiltrations and intraductal cancerization, whereas all pancreatic and duodenal invasions had stromal infiltration patterns. Gallbladder and/or CD invasions did not affect survival rates of patients with DBDC, while pancreatic and duodenal invasions affected survival rates. Therefore, these differences in survival rates may originate from the different invasive patterns of DBDCs.
Munidopsis species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munidopsidae) from carcass falls in Weijia Guyot, West Pacific, with recognition of a new species based on integrative taxonomy
Authors: Dong Dong , Xu Peng , Li Xin-Zheng , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: November 2019

Several squat lobster specimens of the genus Munidopsis were collected from an artificially placed carcass fall (cow bones) on Weijia Guyot in the western Pacific Ocean. Based on morphological comparisons and molecular analysis, three specimens were confirmed as juveniles of M. albatrossae Pequegnat & Pequegnat, 1973, which represents the first record of this species in the western Pacific. The other specimens collected are newly described as Munidopsis spinifrons sp. nov., which is distinguished from the closely related species in having a spinose rostrum and basal lateral eyespine on the eyestalk. The M. albatrossae from Weijia Guyot exhibited very low genetic distances when compared with a conspecific sample from Monterey Bay, USA, and the closely related species M. aries (A. Milne Edwards, 1880) from the northeastern Atlantic. A phylogenetic tree based on the mtCOI gene shows M. spinifrons sp. nov. as sister to M. vrijenhoeki Jones & Macpherson, 2007 and M. nitida (A. Milne Edwards, 1880), although M. vrijenhoeki presents a complex relationship with other species in the clade. The systematic status of the new species and the closely related species are discussed.
Experts’ Points of View on Developing Local Organic Bazaars in Turkey
Authors: Boz Ismet , Kemal Ayan Ali , Ataseven Yener , Kaynakçı Cevahir 
Published: November 2019

Aims: This study, in general, determined experts’ point of views on developing local organic bazaars in Turkey. Participants were 103 experts engaged with organic bazaars in different provinces of Turkey. The specific objectives were to identify a general profile of the expers engaged in organic bazaars in Turley, to determine respondents’ opinions about the current status of organic bazaars, and to develop recommendations for the development of organic bazaars in the future.
Place and Duration of Study: Questionnaires were completed in three different workshops held in İstanbul, İzmir, and Samsun provinces in 2018. Data analysis and writing the manuscript carried out at Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics, Samsun Turkey.
Methodology: Experts of organic bazaars from producers, sellers, controllers, ministry employees, or municipality representatives served as respondents. This study used descriptive statistics to analyze quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative responses.
Results: Respondents stressed that local organic bazaars in Turkey will be very effective in producing and consuming of organic commodities. As the bazaars are distribured across the country, more farmers will be engaged in organic production while more consumers will have access to organic products at reasonable prices. However, deficiencies particularly in management and legal regulation of local organic bazaars were also noted. Main measures to be taken to establish and improve organic bazaars included increasing trust and transparency, establishing sample organic bazaars in all provinces, focusing both on domestic and international markets, overcoming bureaucratic barriers, implementing a favorable price policy, examining successful organic bazaars, and publicizing organic commodities.
Conclusion: In order to overcome the obstacles and develop local organic bazaars in Turkey, cooperation among the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ministry of Trade, and local municipalities is necessary. In addition, NGOs at local levels should take initiative to support organic bazaars. Municipalities should provide adequate places accessible for consumers, producers, and processors. Moreover, social spaces should be established in organic markets where consumers, families and children can spend good time.
Passive Radar
Authors: Griffiths Hugh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPassive radar may be defined as a set of techniques that exploit existing transmissions as radar illuminators, such as broadcast, communications, or radionavigation signals, rather than requiring a dedicated radar transmitter. Passive radar has a number of advantages, including the fact that it requires no additional spectrum and that the passive nature of the receiver makes it potentially covert. It may also offer advantages in detecting and tracking stealthy targets. There are also some disadvantages, notably that the signals are usually not optimum for radar purposes, so care has to be taken to choose the right signals and to process them in the right way. Also, the continuous nature of many such transmissions means that it is necessary to suppress the direct transmitted signal at the receiver, which may be difficult. In the past decade there has been a significant change in the level of maturity of the subject, and passive radar is now seriously considered for a number of applications. The article describes the properties of bistatic radar, the nature of a range of different signals that may be used as the basis of passive radar, some signal processing techniques that are particular to passive radar, some examples of systems and results, and finally some comments of future prospects.
Miniaturized Ionic Polarization Diodes for Neurotransmitter Release at Synaptic Speeds
Authors: Sjöström Theresia Arbring , Jonsson Amanda , Gabrielsson Erik O. , Berggren Magnus , Simon Daniel T. , Tybrandt Klas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCurrent neural interfaces rely on electrical stimulation pulses to affect neural tissue. The development of a chemical delivery technology, which can stimulate neural tissue with the body's own set of signaling molecules, would provide a new level of sophistication in neural interfaces. Such technology should ideally provide highly local chemical delivery points that operate at synaptic speed, something that is yet to be accomplished. Here, the development of a miniaturized ionic polarization diode that exhibits many of the desirable properties for a chemical neural interface technology is reported. The ionic diode shows proper diode rectification and the current switches from off to on in 50 µs at physiologically relevant electrolyte concentrations. A device model is developed to explain the characteristics of the ionic diode in more detail. In combination with experimental data, the model predicts that the ionic polarization diode has a delivery delay of 5 ms to reach physiologically relevant neurotransmitter concentrations at subcellular spatial resolution. The model further predicts that delays of <1 ms can be reached by further miniaturization of the diode geometry. Altogether, the results show that ionic polarization diodes are a promising building block for the next generation of chemical neural interfaces.
Determining Ultralow Absorption Coefficients of Organic Semiconductors from the Sub‐Bandgap Photovoltaic External Quantum Efficiency
Authors: Kaiser Christina , Zeiske Stefan , Meredith Paul , Armin Ardalan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEnergy states below the bandgap of a semiconductor, such as trap states or charge transfer states in organic donor–acceptor blends, can contribute to light absorption. Due to their low number density or ultrasmall absorption cross‐section, the absorption coefficient of these states is challenging to measure using conventional transmission/reflection spectrophotometry. As an alternative, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of photovoltaic devices is often used as a representative of the absorption coefficient, where the spectral line shape of the EQE is considered to follow the absorption coefficient of the active layer material. Here, it is shown that the sub‐bandgap EQE is subject to thickness dependent low finesse cavity interference effects within the device—making this assumption questionable. A better estimate for the absorption coefficient is obtained when EQE spectra corresponding to different active layer thicknesses are fitted simultaneously for one attenuation coefficient using an iterative transfer matrix method. The principle is demonstrated for two model acceptor–donor systems (PCE12‐ITIC and PBTTT‐PC71BM) and accurate subgap absorption coefficients are determined. This approach has particular relevance for both understanding subgap states and their utilization in organic optoelectronic devices.
Cross‐Bar SnO2‐NiO Nanofiber‐Array‐Based Transparent Photodetectors with High Detectivity
Authors: Long Zhenghao , Xu Xiaojie , Yang Wei , Hu Mingxiang , Shtansky Dmitry V. , Golberg Dmitri , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn cross‐bar structure is employed to design a transparent p‐n junction‐based photodetector. The device consisting of aligned n‐SnO2 and p‐NiO nanofibers is prepared via a mature electrospinning process that is suitable for commercial applications. It exhibits a high detectivity of 2.33 × 1013 Jones under 250 nm illumination at −5 V, outperforming most state‐of‐art SnO2‐based UV photodetectors. It is also endowed with a self‐powered feature due to a photovoltaic effect from the p‐n junction, resulting in a photocurrent of 10−10 A, responsivity of 30.29 mA W−1 at 0 V bias, and detectivity of 2.24 × 1011 Jones at 0.05 V bias. Moreover, the device is highly transparent (over 90% toward visible light) due to the wide band gap of photoactive materials and well‐designed cross‐bar fiber structure. Additionally, an n‐SnO2‐p‐ZnO:Ag (Ag doped ZnO) self‐powered UV photodetector is fabricated that shows good performance and give another example of the use of the cross‐bar structure.
Phenotypic and mutational spectrum of 21 Chinese patients with Alström syndrome
Authors: Rethanavelu Kavitha , Fung Jasmine L. F. , Chau Jeffrey F. T. , Pei Steven L. C. , Chung Claudia C. Y. , Mak Christopher C. Y. , Luk Ho M. , Chung Brian H. Y. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlström syndrome (AS) is a monogenic syndromic ciliopathy caused by mutations in the ALMS1 (Alström Syndrome 1) gene. A total of 21 subjects with AS from 20 unrelated Chinese families were recruited. Our cohort consists of 9 females and 12 males, between 5 months and 20 years old. The first symptom(s) appeared between 3 and 24 months. They were recorded to be either visual impairments (83%) or dilated cardiomyopathy (17%). Median time from symptom onset to seeking medical attention was 6 months (3–36 months) and the median time needed to reach the final molecular diagnosis is 54 months (6–240 months). System involvement at the time of the survey was as follows: visual symptoms (100%), hearing Impairment (67%), endocrine symptoms (43%), neurological symptoms (19%), hepatic symptoms (14%), and renal Involvement (14%). These findings are comparable to data reported in the literature. However, the proportion of subjects with cognitive impairment (33%) and behavioral problems (19%) were higher. Thirty‐three unique mutations were identified in the ALMS1 gene, of which 18 are novel mutations classified as pathogenic/likely pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) guideline. Four recurrent mutations were identified in the cohort, in particular; c.2084C>A, p. (Ser695Ter), is suggestive to be a founder mutation in people of Chinese ancestry. The participation of AS subjects of differing ethnicities is essential to improve the algorithm in facial recognition/phenotyping, as well as to understand the mutation spectrum beyond than just those of European ancestry.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Cacchi Reaction: Asymmetric Synthesis of Axially Chiral 2,3‐Disubstituted Indoles
Authors: He Yu‐Ping , Wu Hua , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe report herein the first examples of a palladium‐catalyzed enantioselective Cacchi reaction for the synthesis of indoles bearing a chiral C2‐aryl axis. In the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)2 and (R,R)‐QuinoxP* ligand, reaction of N‐aryl(alkyl)sulfonyl‐2‐alkynylanilides with arylboronic acids under oxygen atmosphere afforded enantioenriched 2,3‐disubstituted indoles in high yields and enantioselectivity. The indole ring is constructed de novo in this process and a complexation‐induced chirality transfer is proposed to account for the observed enantioselectivity.
A Sustainable Solid Electrolyte Interphase for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium Metal Batteries Under Practical Conditions
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Li Tao , Li Bo‐Quan , Zhang Rui , Shi Peng , Yan Chong , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Qiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHigh‐energy‐density Li metal batteries suffer from a short lifespan under practical conditions, such as limited lithium, high loading cathode, and lean electrolytes, owing to the absence of appropriate solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, a sustainable SEI was designed rationally by combining fluorinated co‐solvents with sustained‐release additives for practical challenges. The intrinsic uniformity of SEI and the constant supplements of building blocks of SEI jointly afford to sustainable SEI. Specific spatial distributions and abundant heterogeneous grain boundaries of LiF, LiNxOy, and Li2O effectively regulate uniformity of Li deposition. In a Li metal battery with an ultrathin Li anode (33 μm), a high‐loading LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode (4.4 mAh cm−2), and lean electrolytes (6.1 g Ah−1), 83 % of initial capacity retains after 150 cycles. A pouch cell (3.5 Ah) demonstrated a specific energy of 340 Wh kg−1 for 60 cycles with lean electrolytes (2.3 g Ah−1).
Heterogeneous method of chitosan film preparation: Effect of multifunctional acid on film properties
Authors: Khouri Joseph , Penlidis Alexander , Moresoli Christine 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThe heterogeneous crosslinking method was applied to chitosan films with citric acid to observe and understand the effect of a multifunctional acid at a low concentration on film properties. Neat and neutralized chitosan films and films containing 15% (w/w) citric acid (denoted as CA films) were characterized by mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermogravimetric analysis tests. The CA films displayed a higher tensile strength by 10%, lower WVP by 30%, and higher thermal stability, compared to neutralized films. The crystalline structure converted back from tendon to Type II after the addition of citric acid, as determined by X‐ray diffraction. Neat films displayed a lower water contact angle (72°) compared to neutralized and CA films (78°–79°). The heterogeneous method was also applied to incorporate a plasticizer into a neutralized film to potentially observe the glass transition using dynamic mechanical analysis. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48648.
High‐throughput lipidomics analysis to discover lipid biomarkers and profiles as potential targets for evaluating efficacy of Kai‐Xin‐San against APP/PS1 transgenic mice based on UPLC–Q/TOF–MS
Authors: Zhang Ai‐hua , Ma Zhi‐ming , Kong Ling , Gao Hong‐lei , Sun Hui , Wang Xiang‐qian , Yu Jing‐bo , Han Ying , Yan Guang‐li , Wang Xi‐jun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLipid metabolism has a significant function in the central nervous system and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age‐related senile disease characterized by central nerve degeneration. The pathological development of AD is closely related to lipid metabolism disorders. To reveal the influence of Kai‐Xin‐San (KXS) on lipid metabolism in APP/PSI transgenic mice and potential therapeutic targets for treating AD, brain tissue samples were collected and analyzed by high‐throughput lipidomics based on UPLC–Q/TOF‐MS. The collected raw data were processed by multivariate data analysis to discover the potential biomarkers and lipid metabolic profiles. Compared with the control wild‐type mouse group, nine potential lipid biomarkers were found in the AD model group, of which seven were up‐regulated and two were down‐regulated. Orally administrated KXS can reverse the changes in these potential biomarkers. Compared with the model group, a total of six differential metabolites showed a recovery trend and may be potential targets for KXS to treat AD. This study showed that high‐throughput lipidomics can be used to discover the perturbed pathways and lipid biomarkers as potential targets to reveal the therapeutic effects of KXS.