bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manipulating the Solvation Structure of Nonflammable Electrolyte and Interface to Enable Unprecedented Stability of Graphite Anodes beyond 2 Years for Safe Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Sailin , Mao Jianfeng , Zhang Lei , Pang Wei Kong , Du Aijun , Guo Zaiping 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are attractive for low‐cost and large‐scale energy storage applications, in which graphite is one of the most promising anodes. However, the large size and the high activity of K+ions and the highly catalytic surface of graphite largely prevent the development of safe and compatible electrolytes. Here, a nonflammable, moderate‐concentration electrolyte is reported that is highly compatible with graphite anodes and that consists of fire‐retardant trimethyl phosphate (TMP) and potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI) in a salt/solvent molar ratio of 3:8. It shows unprecedented stability, as evidenced by its 74% capacity retention over 24 months of cycling (over 2000 cycles) at the 0.2 C current rate. Electrolyte structure and surface analyses show that this excellent cycling stability is due to the nearly 100% solvation of TMP molecules with K+cations and the formation of FSI−‐derived F‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which effectively suppresses the decomposition of the solvent molecules toward the graphite anode. Furthermore, excellent performance on high‐mass loaded graphite electrodes and in a full cell with perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride cathode is demonstrated. This study highlights the importance of the compatibility of both electrolyte and the interface, and offers new opportunities to design the electrolyte–SEI nexus for safe and practical PIBs.
A Wearable Nutrition Tracker
Authors: Zhao Jiangqi , Nyein Hnin Yin Yin , Hou Lei , Lin Yuanjing , Bariya Mallika , Ahn Christine Heera , Ji Wenbo , Fan Zhiyong , Javey Ali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNutrients are essential for the healthy development and proper maintenance of body functions in humans. For adequate nourishment, it is important to keep track of nutrients level in the body, apart from consuming sufficient nutrition that is in line with dietary guidelines. Sweat, which contains rich chemical information, is an attractive biofluid for routine non‐invasive assessment of nutrient levels. Herein, a wearable sensor that can selectively measure vitamin C concentration in biofluids, including sweat, urine, and blood is developed. Detection through an electrochemical sensor modified with Au nanostructures, LiClO4‐doped conductive polymer, and an enzymes‐immobilized membrane is utilized to achieve wide detection linearity, high selectivity, and long‐term stability. The sensor allows monitoring of temporal changes in vitamin C levels. The effect of vitamin C intake on the sweat and urine profile is explored by monitoring concentration changes upon consuming different amounts of vitamin C. A longitudinal study of sweat's and urine's vitamin C correlation with blood is performed on two individuals. The results suggest that sweat and urine analysis can be a promising method to routinely monitor nutrition through the sweat sensor and that this sensor can facilitate applications such as nutritional screening and dietary intervention.
Sand‐Milling Exfoliation of Structure Controllable Graphene for Formulation of Highly Conductive and Multifunctional Graphene Inks
Authors: Chen Huqiang , Zhang Yujin , Ma Yu , Chen Songbo , Wu Yiqi , Lu Yue , Ren Hao , Xin Shixuan , Bai Yongxiao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConductive graphene inks have shown a great potential for the manufacturing of high‐performance flexible wearable electronics. However, the lack of cost‐effective, straightforward, and facile routes to formulate multifunctional graphene aqueous inks with excellent conductivity and high apparent viscosity have greatly limited their applications, particularly in high concentration processing and additive‐manufacturing. Here, the high‐concentration graphene aqueous inks based on structure controllable, sand‐milling exfoliation of raw graphite is reported. Such a route yields 62.8% graphene dispersed in water with a high concentration up to 25.1 mg mL−1, which can be formulated into aqueous inks with excellent printability. As such, the screen printing of the viscous graphene inks into film‐heating devices and micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) is further demonstrated. Due to its excellent conductivity (up to ≈870 S cm−1 after annealing), the graphene film showcases a fast ramping temperature (171.9 °C) at 8 V in 75 s in the heating device, and a high areal capacitance (1.36 mF cm−2) in the MSCs, respectively. It is thus believed that the mechanical‐exfoliated graphene inks hold great promise in scalable production of high‐performance printable wearable electronics.
Effect of Core Liquid Surface Tension on the Liquid Marble Shell
Authors: Singha Pradip , Nguyen Nhat‐Khuong , Sreejith Kamalalayam Rajan , An Hongjie , Nguyen Nam‐Trung , Ooi Chin Hong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLiquid marble is a non‐wetting droplet coated with micro‐ or nanometer sized particles and exhibits great versatility as a standalone system. Unique features such as low evaporation rate, low friction, and a porous shell enable it to be a potential tool for gas sensing, cell culture, and drug delivery. With the growing number of interests in these fields, it is important to understand the structure of the liquid marble shell and how it behaves with the variation of the surface tension of the core liquid. This paper investigates the thickness and the mass of liquid marble shell at various surface tension values. Surfactant mediated surface tension reduction allows the encapsulating particles to penetrate more into the core liquid and decreases the shell thickness. The shell thickness decreases significantly with the surface tension, whereas the mass remains almost constant. Interestingly, the trend reverses with further decrease of the surface tension. In this regime, both the thickness and the mass of the shell increase due to interfacial jamming. This work provides a new insight into understanding the contribution of the particle distribution at the shell for the stability and the measurement of the effective surface tension of a liquid marble.
High Frequency Sonoprocessing: A New Field of Cavitation‐Free Acoustic Materials Synthesis, Processing, and Manipulation
Authors: Rezk Amgad R. , Ahmed Heba , Ramesan Shwathy , Yeo Leslie Y. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUltrasound constitutes a powerful means for materials processing. Similarly, a new field has emerged demonstrating the possibility for harnessing sound energy sources at considerably higher frequencies (10 MHz to 1 GHz) compared to conventional ultrasound (⩽3 MHz) for synthesizing and manipulating a variety of bulk, nanoscale, and biological materials. At these frequencies and the typical acoustic intensities employed, cavitation—which underpins most sonochemical or, more broadly, ultrasound‐mediated processes—is largely absent, suggesting that altogether fundamentally different mechanisms are at play. Examples include the crystallization of novel morphologies or highly oriented structures; exfoliation of 2D quantum dots and nanosheets; polymer nanoparticle synthesis and encapsulation; and the possibility for manipulating the bandgap of 2D semiconducting materials or the lipid structure that makes up the cell membrane, the latter resulting in the ability to enhance intracellular molecular uptake. These fascinating examples reveal how the highly nonlinear electromechanical coupling associated with such high‐frequency surface vibration gives rise to a variety of static and dynamic charge generation and transfer effects, in addition to molecular ordering, polarization, and assembly—remarkably, given the vast dimensional separation between the acoustic wavelength and characteristic molecular length scales, or between the MHz‐order excitation frequencies and typical THz‐order molecular vibration frequencies.
A Novel MXene/Ecoflex Nanocomposite‐Coated Fabric as a Highly Negative and Stable Friction Layer for High‐Output Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Salauddin Md , Rana S M Sohel , Sharifuzzaman Md. , Rahman Muhammad Toyabur , Park Chani , Cho Hyunok , Maharjan Pukar , Bhatta Trilochan , Park Jae Yeong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe triboelectric material properties and mechanical stability of the contact layer are vital to achieving durable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) with high output performance. Herein, a novel MXene/Ecoflex nanocomposite is introduced as a promising triboelectric material because of its highly negative triboelectric properties and mechanical stability. The MXene/Ecoflex nanocomposite with a fabric‐based waterproof TENG (FW‐TENG) is fabricated and designed to universally harvest energy from various human motions as well as the natural environment (rain and wind). The fabricated FW‐TENG delivers a maximum output peak power of 3.69 mW and a power density of 9.24 W m−2, respectively, at a matching load resistance of 4.5 MΩ under a frequency of 4.5 Hz and a force of 8 N. Furthermore, the applicability of this device in various products is investigated. The FW‐TENG can protect against a crash caused by rainy and humid weather. An FW‐TENG‐based self‐powered smart active device that detects motion on a carpet is demonstrated and is equipped with sleep monitoring motion sensors. The FW‐TENG not only has self‐powered benefits and excellent mechanical amenability but is also exceptionally reliable and stable against water intrusion, which are important characteristics to realize next‐generation wearable/portable technologies.
Optoelectronics Meets Optoionics: Light Storing Carbon Nitrides and Beyond
Authors: Podjaski Filip , Lotsch Bettina V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractKnown for decades, Liebig's carbon nitrides have evolved into a burgeoning class of macromolecular semiconductors over the past 10+ years, front and center of many efforts revolving around the discovery of resource‐efficient and high‐performance photocatalysts for solar fuel generation. The recent discovery of a new class of “ionic” 2D carbon nitrides—poly(heptazine imide) (PHI)—has given new momentum to this field, driven both by unconventional properties and the prospect of new applications at the intersection between solar energy conversion and electrochemical energy storage. In this essay, key concepts of the emerging field of optoionics are delineated and the “light storing” ability of PHI‐type carbon nitrides is rationalized by an intricate interplay between their optoelectronic and optoionic properties. Based on these insights, key characteristics and general principles for the de novo design of optoionic materials across the periodic table are derived, opening up new research avenues such as “dark photocatalysis”, direct solar batteries, light‐driven autonomous systems, and photomemristive devices.
Planting date and seeding rate of field pea in the semi‐arid high plains of Nebraska
Authors: Koeshall Samuel T. , Easterly Amanda C. , Werle Rodrigo , Stepanovic Strahinja V. , Creech Cody F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResults from initial experiments in western Nebraska suggest that opportunity exists to decrease seeding rates of pea (Pisum sativum L.) to optimize yield while maintaining partial net return. Refined planting recommendations, especially planting time, are still largely unknown for western Nebraska. This experiment evaluated the effects of seeding rates and planting dates of pea on emergence, grain yield, and grain yield components. Two locations in Nebraska were evaluated in 2018 and 2019. Treatments consisted of three planting dates and five seeding rates arranged as a split‐plot design. Emergence was measured in each plot until emergence stabilized. Whole plant biomass, pods plant–1, seeds plant–1, and harvest index were recorded at harvest. Planting later resulted in increased plant density and decreased time to 50 and 90% emergence. Planting date also changed the economically optimal plant population. At Sidney in 2018, optimal plant population changed from 96 plants m–2 (early) and 115 plants m–2 (late) to 82 plants m–2 (middle). Partial net return was increased by US$26.74 ha–1 and US$65.43 ha–1 with the middle planting date over the early and late planting dates. Across three site‐years, the economically optimal plant population only varied by 4 plants m–2 between the three planting dates. Later planting improves percent emergence without reducing yield. Seeding rates that have been adjusted for expected germination should target a population between 70 and 109 plants m–2 to optimize partial net return. Final plant population influences grain yield more than planting date, although both affect yield response.
Latitudinal clines in bud flush phenology reflect genetic variation in chilling requirements in balsam poplar, Populus balsamifera
Authors: Thibault Ethan , Soolanayakanahally Raju , Keller Stephen R. 
Published: November 2020

PremiseBoreal and northern temperate forest trees possess finely tuned mechanisms of dormancy, which match bud phenology with local seasonality. After winter dormancy, the accumulation of chilling degree days (CDD) required for rest completion before the accumulation of growing degree days (GDD) during quiescence is an important step in the transition to spring bud flush. While bud flush timing is known to be genetically variable within species, few studies have investigated variation among genotypes from different climates in response to variable chilling duration.MethodsWe performed a controlled environment study using dormant cuttings from 10 genotypes of Populus balsamifera, representing a broad latitudinal gradient (43–58°N). We exposed cuttings to varying amounts of chilling (0–10 weeks) and monitored subsequent GDD to bud flush at a constant forcing temperature.ResultsChilling duration strongly accelerated bud flush timing, with increasing CDD resulting in fewer GDD to flush. Genotypic variation for bud flush was significant and stratified by latitude, with southern genotypes requiring more GDD to flush than northern genotypes. The latitudinal cline was pronounced under minimal chilling, whereas genotypic variation in GDD to bud flush converged as CDD increased.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that increased chilling lessens GDD to bud flush in a genotype‐specific manner. Our results emphasize that latitudinal clines in bud flush reflect a critical genotype‐by‐environment interaction, whereby differences in bud flush between southern vs. northern genotypes depend on chilling. Our results suggest selection has shaped chilling requirements and depth of rest as an adaptive strategy to avoid precocious flush in climates with midwinter warming.
Experiences from the epicenter: Professional impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on genetic counselors in New York
Authors: Bergstrom Katherine L. , Brander Tehilla E. , Breen Kelsey E. , Naik Hetanshi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic disrupted the delivery of healthcare services, including genetic counseling. This study assessed the professional impact of the pandemic on genetic counselors (GCs) and evaluated how genetics service delivery models changed in New York State (NYS). One hundred sixty‐five NYS GCs participated in an anonymous survey. Clinic structure, telegenetics (video and/or telephone consultations) use and acceptability, and professional practices before and during the pandemic were compared. The most frequently reported consultation type shifted from in‐person only (49%) before the pandemic to telegenetics only (39%) during. Most were satisfied with video (93.1%) and telephone (81.4%) telegenetics. Additionally, 93.5% of participants expressed a desire to continue using telegenetics after the pandemic resolves. Common obstacles included difficulties coordinating sample collection (60.2%) and obtaining written consent for testing (57.6%). Billing methods for consultations during the pandemic did not change significantly. Participants were asked about NYS's lack of licensure, which restricts billing options. Most felt that genetic counseling licensure would benefit the profession (92.6%), the public (88.5%), and their institution/company (74.5%). This study provides insight into the effects of the rapid adoption of telegenetics and can guide future discussions about best practices for its use even after the health crisis resolves.
Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Chiral Secondary Borylalkyl Copper Species
Authors: Jang Won Jun , Woo Jeongkyu , Yun Jaesook 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe report the diastereo‐ and enantioselective conjugate addition of chiral secondary borylalkyl copper species derived from borylalkenes in situ to α,β‐unsaturated diesters. In the presence of a chiral bisphosphine‐ligated CuH catalyst, the conjugate addition provides a direct access to enantioenriched alkylboron compounds containing two contiguous carbon stereogenic centers in good yield with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity (up to >98:2 dr, >99:1 er) by assembling readily available starting alkenyl reagents in a single operation without using preformed organometallic reagents or chiral auxiliaries. The resulting products were used in various organic transformations. The utility of the synthetic approach was highlighted by the synthesis of (−)‐phaseolinic acid.
High‐Energy Aqueous Magnesium Hybrid Full Batteries Enabled by Carrier‐Hosting Potential Compensation
Authors: Tang Yongchao , Li Xuejin , Lv Haiming , Wang Wenlong , Yang Qi , Zhi Chunyi , Li Hongfei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnderachieved capacity and low voltage plateau is ubiquitous in conventional aqueous magnesium ion full batteries. Such limitations originate from the electrochemistry and the low carrier‐hosting ((de)intercalation) potential of electrode materials. Herein, via a strategy of enhancing the electrochemistry through carrier‐hosting potential compensation, high‐energy Mg2+/Na+ hybrid batteries are achieved. A Mg1.5VCr(PO4)3 (MVCP) cathode is coupled with FeVO4 (FVO) anode in a new aqueous/organic hybrid electrolyte, giving reliable high‐voltage operation. This operation enables more sufficient (de)intercalation of hybrid carriers (Mg2+/Na+), thereby enhancing the reversible capacity remarkably (233.4 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, 92.7 Wh kg−1electrode, that is, ≥1.75‐fold higher than those in conventional aqueous electrolytes). The relatively high Na+‐hosting potential of the electrodes compensates for the low Mg2+‐hosting potential and widens/elevates the discharge plateau of the full battery up to 1.50 V. Mechanism study further reveals an unusual phase transformation of FVO to Fe2V3 and the low‐lattice‐strain pseudocapacitive (de)intercalation chemistry of MVCP.
Control of Crystallinity and Stereocomplexation of Synthetic Carbohydrate Polymers from d‐ and l‐Xylose
Authors: McGuire Thomas M. , Bowles Jessica , Deane Edward , Farrar Elliot H. E. , Grayson Matthew N. , Buchard Antoine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractManipulating the stereochemistry of polymers is a powerful method to alter their physical properties. Despite the chirality of monosaccharides, reports on the impact of stereochemistry in natural polysaccharides and synthetic carbohydrate polymers remain absent. Herein, we report the cocrystallisation of regio‐ and stereoregular polyethers derived from d‐ and l‐xylose, leading to enhanced thermal properties compared to the enantiopure polymers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a stereocomplex between carbohydrate polymers of opposite chirality. In contrast, atactic polymers obtained from a racemic mixture of monomers are amorphous. We also show that the polymer hydroxyl groups are amenable to post‐polymerisation functionalization. These strategies afford a family of carbohydrate polyethers, the physical and chemical properties of which can both be controlled, and which opens new possibilities for polysaccharide mimics in biomedical applications or as advanced materials.
Which Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lesions in the Sacroiliac Joints Are Most Relevant for Diagnosing Axial Spondyloarthritis? A Prospective Study Comparing Rheumatologists’ Evaluations With Radiologists’ Findings
Authors: Baraliakos X. , Ghadir A. , Fruth M. , Kiltz U. , Redeker I. , Braun J. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivePathologic sacroiliac (SI) joint changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are important for the classification of axial spondyloarthritis (SpA). In daily practice, radiologists play a major role in interpreting imaging findings. This study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of MRI SI joint findings on the identification of axial SpA by radiologists, in comparison to diagnosis by rheumatologists.MethodsPatients age ≤45 years were prospectively included when referred for clinical suspicion of axial SpA and underwent a complete diagnostic evaluation including STIR‐ and T1‐weighted MRI of the SI joint. Diagnosis made by an experienced rheumatologist with access to all relevant information was considered the gold standard. MRIs were evaluated by 2 experienced radiologists who were unaware of the clinical data, who indicated which MRI lesions were “critical” to the decision for or against axial SpA.ResultsOf the 300 patients included, 132 (44%) were diagnosed as having axial SpA. Mean age was comparable between the 2 groups, but patients with axial SpA and those with non–axial SpA differed with regard to symptom duration (58.6 ± 69.5 versus 33.9 ± 45.1 months, respectively; P = 0.003) and HLA–B27 positivity (75.6% versus 19%, respectively; P < 0.001). Rheumatologists and radiologists agreed on the diagnosis in 262 cases (87.3%), while 34 patients (11.3%) were diagnosed as having axial SpA by rheumatologists only (clinically), and 4 cases (1.3%) were judged as suggestive of axial SpA by radiologists only. Bone marrow edema (BME) and sclerosis showed the highest sensitivity, while erosions and fatty lesions showed the highest specificity, for axial SpA diagnosis. The combination of BME with erosions had the highest positive predictive value (86.5%).ConclusionThe MRI findings with the highest diagnostic value in patients in whom axial SpA is suspected are structural changes in the SI joint, alone or in combination with BME. Our findings indicate that while the absence of BME is usually not compatible with a diagnosis of axial SpA, the presence of BME does not necessarily confirm a diagnosis of axial SpA.
A taxonomy of ecopreneurship in small manufacturing firms: A multidimensional cluster analysis
Authors: Ljungkvist Torbjörn , Andersén Jim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study presents a multidimensional taxonomy of “ecopreneurship” for small manufacturing firms. Based on a cluster analysis of 312 Swedish firms, four distinct clusters are identified: pioneers, green dumpers, overlookers, and recyclers. These clusters are compared regarding their level of entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance. Based on the results, and because of the resource constraints associated with small firms, managers of such companies are advised to examine the economic consequences of specific environmental business practices and to adopt a less aggregated approach to ecopreneurship. This study illustrates the usefulness of a multidimensional scale when researching environmental behaviors and is a response to the lack of an empirically based classification of ecopreneurship configurations.