bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deficit in Motor Skill Consolidation-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity at Motor Cortex to Dorsolateral Striatum Synapses in a Mouse Model of Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Glangetas Christelle , Espinosa Pedro , Bellone Camilla 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHuntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease notably characterized by progressive motor symptoms. Although the loss of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum has been associated with motor deficits, premanifest patients already present cognitive deficiencies and show early signs of motor disabilities. Here, in a YAC128 HD mouse model, we identified impairment in motor skill consolidation at the age of 11–14 weeks. Using optogenetic stimulation, we found that excitatory synaptic transmission from motor cortex to MSNs located in the dorsolateral part of the striatum (DLS) is altered. Using single pellet reaching task, we observed that while motor skill consolidation is accompanied by a dynamic change in AMPA/NMDA ratio in wild-type (WT) mice, this form of synaptic plasticity does not occur in YAC128 mice. This study not only proposes new meaningful insight in the synaptopathic mechanisms of HD, but also highlights that deficit in motor skill consolidation-dependent synaptic plasticity at motor cortex to DLS synapses represents an early biomarker for HD.
Quercetin and curcumin effects in experimental pleural inflammation
Authors: Bidian Cristina , Mitrea Daniela-Rodica , Vasile Olivia Gabriela , Filip Adriana , Cătoi Adriana Florinela , Moldovan Remus , Decea Nicoleta , Albu Adriana 
Published: March 2020

Background. The inflammatory mechanisms occur with the highest prevalence in pulmonary pathology. In pharmaceutical industry, carrageenan is used as a pro-inflammatory agent when the activity of anti-inflammatory agents is tested. The oxidative stress represents the imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants which can lead to the activation of the oxidative mechanisms with noxius potential to the body. In experimental studies, quercetin is the most active flavonoid, having the highest anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Curcumin has antioxidant effects that are similar to those of the standard antioxidants and exerts direct anti-inflammatory activity.
Aims. The aim of this study is to determine the antioxidant effects of quercetin and curcumin on a carrageenan-induced pleural inflammation.
Methods. Eight groups of adult male rats were used: Ia and Ib -control groups, IIa and IIb -with carrageenan administration, IIIa and IIIb -with curcumin and carrageenan, IVa and IVb -with quercetin and carrageenan administration. Blood and lung samples were taken at 4 hours (Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVa groups) and at 24 hours (Ib, IIb, IIIb, IVb groups) after carrageenan administration.
Results. In serum, at 4 and at 24 hours, curcumin and quercetin showed protective effects, reducing the oxidative stress (malondialdehyde significantly decreased) and stimulating the antioxidant protection (ceruloplasmin and glutathione significantly increased) in rats with administration of these substances, in comparison to the group that received only carrageenan. In the lungs, at 4 hours, the oxidative stress was significantly reduced only in the rats that received quercetin (malondialdehyde significantly decreased), modifications that were not observed at 24 hours.
Conclusions. In serum, curcumin presented higher antioxidant effects, compared to quercetin. In lungs, quercetin administration showed superior beneficial effects, but only temporarily.
Creolised Text in Mass Media: Principles of Effective Decoding
Authors: Shaklein Victor , Belova Maria , Mikova Svetlana 
Published: March 2020

Arising and active development of innovative information channels, forming net thinking, require non-standard forms of presenting material in mass media. One of the solutions to this problem is increasing the number of creolised texts not only in electronic, but in printed media as well. Such texts containing verbal (heading, subscript, text comprising of more than one sentence) and non-verbal (image, scheme, table, font, colour) parts are widely spread in mass media because they allow the reader to precisely understand the author’s intention and the intention can be expressed in an implicit way. Such texts correspond to mass communication general trends towards information visualization, raising the effectiveness of the text impact on audience thanks to double coding, compact presentation of the material. These are the reasons of growing scientific interest in creolized texts in psychology, literature studies, linguistics, journalism. However, the terminology of the scientific sphere is not conventional: different terms “creolized text”, “semantically complicated text”, “polycode text”, etc. are all used in similar meanings in scientific papers. The authors of the article characterize terms used in Russian and foreign articles and monographs, assess their frequency and semantic scope. The specific features of creolized texts are pointed out, different types of such texts depending on metagraphic and iconic sign systems included in them are described. We distinguish three phases in reading such texts (preliminary stage, organised perception, final stage) and the role of visual and verbal components in the process. By the example of caricatures we show the importance of background knowledge for adequate decoding of creolized texts. Linguistic and cultural universals are an optimal source of objects whose meaning is evident to the representative of a certain culture. This makes the creolized text decoding easier in linguistic culture of its origin. On the other hand, texts based on linguistic and cultural universalia (realia, idioms, homophones, homographs, etc.) present extra difficulties for non-natives. The material of the research is caricatures of the late 20th — early 21st centuries by A.Merinov. Each of the caricatures is based on a certain linguistic and cultural universal.
News Media Robot: Theoretical Aspects of Intellectual System for Content Generation
Authors: Zamkov Andrey 
Published: March 2020

The article discusses a new phenomenon of digital media sphere, i.e. news media robots, which are capable of creating content on a technological platform of intellectual systems. Interdisciplinary approaches to understanding this phenomenon, which attract theoretical concepts and cases from artificial intelligence, knowledge engineering and natural language technologies are considered. It is stated, that in the core of intellectual systems lie computational models of natural human intelligence and knowledge. The phenomenon of imitation as a characteristic of social and technical systems general ability to self-study relying on a sample is viewed as a key mechanism media robots adaptation to social environment. The case study of generating news content within the context of frames theory is provided as an illustration of universal formalism for representation of knowledge and social actions. The structure of general human intelligence, provided by Cattell — Horn theory, is considered as a possible reference model for comparison of a robotic intellectual system with natural human intelligence. The similarity between a general intelligence structure and an “intellectual” structure of a media robot is noted. The article defines the technology of modelling a natural language as the most prospective means of broadening the verbal intellect of a media robot. It is stated in conclusion, that one can observe trends for convergence in the methodology of knowledge engineering and analytical journalism. In a long-term perspective serious progress in creating new generation of media robots requires reproduction of such human abilities, as learning and “sense” of social responsibility. For this reason joint efforts in interdisciplinary studies in digital media, artificial intelligence and cognitive sciences are required.
Journalism or Writing? (On the Syncretism of the Documentary and Fiction in Russian Writers Creative Works)
Authors: Skibina Olga 
Published: March 2020

The article continues the discussion of the “phenomenon of journalism” in the creative heritage of Russian writers of the early twentieth century. The diary as a genre has always been at the center of research interests, but so far the criteria for “diary” have not been defined either by literary critics, or by theorists of journalism. At the turn of the century, diaries were kept by many artists of the word, it was the only genre that allowed expressing thoughts on pressing issues, which made it possible to attribute this genre definitely to journalism. At the same time, there is a tendency in the works of scientists to note the “informational possibilities of this type of ego-document for the study of the humdrum of a particular topos” (E.M. Krivolapovа), thus relating it to documentary prose. The subject of the analysis is the genre of diary prose by Ivan Bunin and Mikhail Prishvin. Written at the same time, the diaries of these writers reflect — each in its own way — one era — the bloody revolutionary present. The article poses the problem of the relationship between documentary and fiction in the diary genre. By comparing the diaries of Bunin and Prishvin, the author proves that a nonfiction text may well have a certain aesthetic value, but not the aesthetic, but rather the ethical aspect becomes dominant in nonfiction. This is manifested in the topical, socially significant problems of the work, and in the author’s striving to reduce the distance between his consciousness and the consciousness of the reader, and in the special lexical and grammatical structure of the phrase (Bunin's Cursed Days). Prishvin's diaries on the selection of vital material suggest that his position is artistic when the artistic image becomes the only true one in the presentation and perception of the world.
Electronic screen technology use and connection to nature in Canadian adolescents: a mixed methods study
Authors: Michaelson Valerie , King Nathan , Janssen Ian , Lawal Sabreena , Pickett William 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Declines in exposure to nature may deprive young people of experiences that are positive for their mental health. One factor that may interfere with connections to nature is use of electronic screen technologies. The objectives of this study are to (1) document variations in the perceived importance of connections to nature nationally among adolescents; (2) explore relationships between these connections and the use of electronic screens, both epidemiologically and qualitatively; and (3) integrate core findings from both strands in order to provide evidence-based recommendations for health promotion.

Methods
The study involved a mixed methods design. Strand 1 involved a qualitative study of 74 Canadians (ages 10–18, years 2016–2018) with data collected through focus groups and interviews. Strand 2 involved a cross-sectional observational analysis of a national survey of 23,920 Canadians (ages 11–15, years 2013–2014). Findings from both strands were integrated through an established protocol.

Results
Increased use of electronic screen technology was consistently associated with lower perceived importance of connections to nature. Barriers to connecting to nature included choices that young people are making, the addictive properties of technology, and beliefs that being indoors is more comfortable and safer than being outdoors. When young people disconnected, their appreciation of being outdoors increased.

Interpretation
This novel study showed, quantitatively, that the time young people spend with electronic screens displaces time that they spend engaging in outdoor activities. Deeper reasons why such associations occur emerged in the qualitative strand. Temporary disconnection from screens may lead to renewed opportunities for outdoor exposures.
Modern extrascleral surgery in the treatment of regmatogenous retinal detachment: efficacy evaluation and functional results
Authors: Shchukin Andrey D. 
Published: March 2020

The basic principles of extrascleral surgery, which are currently used in the treatment of regmatogenous retinal detachment (RD), have not changed much since their heyday in the 7080s of the 20th century, and they remain relevant both as an independent method to treat this disease in certain clinical cases, and in combination with vitrectomy.
The aim is to evaluate the efficacy of RD extrascleral treatment methods (anatomical result, visual acuity), as well as the frequency and timing of the relapses.
Materials and methods. The study was carried out at the vitreoretinal department of the Ophthalmological Center of the City Hospital No. 2 of St. Petersburg. A sample of 466 patients with RD, operated with extrascleral methods in 20152016 has been analyzed. Anatomical results, visual acuity, number and timing of relapses have been assessed.
Results. The efficacy of extrascleral surgery reaches 89%, RD recurrence after surgical treatment occurs in 21% of patients.
Some Short and Important Explications about Semiotics
Authors: Otte Michael Friedrich , Abido Alexandre Silva , Barros Luiz Gonzaga Xavier de , Paula Luciene de , Santana Geslane Figueiredo da Silva 
Published: March 2020

That language is essential to the human nature has never been doubted. However, nowadays it becomes more and more obvious that language is not enough to characterize our destinations, because the relationship between nature and society seem essential when reflecting on the development or destination of humanity. Starting from the belief that semiotics provides the basis of a new conceptualization and understanding of humanity in its relations to nature as well as within the context of social history this paper tries to introduce some related semiotic concepts and provide basic orientations for further research in the philosophy of science as well as cognitive theory.

Keywords: Saussure. Peirce. Semiotics. Complementarity of intension and extension.

Resumo
Que a linguagem é essencial para a natureza humana jamais foi posta em dúvida. No entanto, atualmente torna-se cada vez mais evidente que a linguagem não é suficiente para caracterizar nossos destinos, pois a relação entre natureza e sociedade parece essencial para refletir sobre o desenvolvimento ou destino da humanidade. Partindo da crença de que a semiótica fornece a base de uma nova conceituação e compreensão da humanidade em suas relações com a natureza, bem como dentro do contexto da história social, este artigo busca introduzir alguns conceitos semióticos relacionados e fornecer orientações básicas para futuras pesquisas na filosofia da ciência, assim como na teoria cognitiva.

Palavras-chave: Saussure. Peirce. Semiótica. Complementaridade de intensão e extensão.
Human Capital: Driving Force of Economic Growth in Selected Emergine Economies
Authors: Awan Abdul Ghafoor 
Published: March 2020

Human capital is the stock of competencies, knowledge and personality attributes deem vital to produce economic value. It is the attributes gained by a worker through education, training and experience. According to modern growth theory, the accumulation of human capital is an important contributor to economic growth. Numerous cross-country studies extensively explore whether educational attainment can contribute significantly to the production of overall output in an economy. The objective of this paper is to investigate the role of human capital in the fast economic growth of BRIC countries like Brazil, Russia, India and China during 2000-2011 and to assess sustainability of growth in future. The study is descriptive in nature because it mostly involves the description of the situation of human capital in the BRIC countries and measuring change in the selected important variables that is human capital and policy initiative and its effects on the BRIC economies. As the change in the selected variables is clearly visible there is no need to use regression analysis technique. The author has applied statistical techniques such as trend analysis, content analysis and ratio analysis to measure change in the selected variables wherever it is necessary. The findings of the study are interesting and divergent because the human capital development has played a vital role in the fast economic growth of China, India and Brazil while Russia, which was endowed with human capital right from the beginning, could not materialize the potential of human capital during its transition period from planned economy to market economy since 1990s, which is very much surprising. This appears the policy failure to capitalize the valuable human capital to accelerate economic growth. It has resulted in the scaling down of Russia to middle income economy. In contrast, India, China and Brazil have been fully utilizing their human capital potential by following human developing policies and this factor not only has triggered their economic growth but also alleviated poverty in there. GEL Classification Code: F43; J24
A Study on SWOT Analysis of Pharmaceutical Industry: The Bangladesh Context
Authors: Hoq Meem Rafiul , Ahsan Md. Ali , Tabassum Tanim–A 
Published: March 2020

Pharmaceutical industry is one of the most important sector in Bangladesh. It is the only industry, which has its own strong manufacturing capabilities to produce the pharmaceuticals product. In this study it is tried to find out what types of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats the pharmaceuticals companies face in Bangladesh. There are about 250 pharmaceuticals firms in Bangladesh. Among them some companies are the large size and more sophisticated. Some companies are small sizes and traditional qualities. A few companies dominate the whole medicine market. So they have to face severe competition in pharmaceuticals market.
SOWT (Strength, Opportunity, Weakness, and Threat) analysis of any industry sector investigates the important factors that are possibility of the industry and influencing the companies operating in that sector. The purpose of this study is to analyze the pharmaceutical sector of Bangladesh using the framework of SWOT. This paper brings to light on the SWOT analysis of pharmaceuticals industry in Bangladesh and provided some valuables suggestions to overcome the weaknesses and threats, there are some suggestions to utilize the strengths and opportunities properly. Through this study the researchers try to discuss the affect of various macro-economic factors of strength, opportunity, weakness, and threat aspect on the industry and its related problems and prospects for the future.
JEL Classification Code: O25; O25
Eservice Quality For Customer Satisfaction Measurement: A Case Study On Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd.
Authors: Shahabuddin A. M. 
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the study is to identify customer satisfaction through e-service quality of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited (IBBL). Buckley (2003:455) defines e-Service as the electronic provision of a service to customers whilst Santos (2003:234) describes e-service as the provision of consumers with a superior experience with respect to the interactive flow of information. The researchers used judgment sampling. Customers faced ATM service disorder, problems in using using sms banking services, prompt service from the bank. User-friendly, responsive online service experiences, educating customer how to use online service, training of employees will increase the e-service quality of IBBL in future. JEL Classification Code: M3
Does Micro Health Insurance Solve the Problem of Providing Accessible Healthcare to the Poor? Evidence from Niramoy Project, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Mizanur , Chowdhury Sakufa 
Published: March 2020

Billion of people in the world are out of reach from the modern health care facilities and medicine. Micro health insurance is one of the methods of providing accessible health care facilities to the poor. Micro health insurance in Bangladesh provides basic health care at an affordable rate for the poor and the ultra-poor. The traditional insurance program consists of front cash at each stage of service delivery, but micro health insurance scheme with its partner-agent model based distribution channel cover the adequate risk protection, inclusivity of access, affordability and program sustainability. The results of the analysis showed that micro health insurance program in Bangladesh has improved at the present time, but the increased access cannot reduce the essential health-related costs of marginal household.
JEL Classification Code: G22; J65
Association of classical symptomatology with actual thyroid disease and the assessment of variations observed in thyroid profile: a comparative study between the elderly and the young adults
Authors: Abraham Lissa , Varghese Sajit 
Published: March 2020

Background: The classical symptoms of thyroid dysfunction are valuable in being related to the value of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) and the occurrence of actual thyroid disease. There are significant variations seen in the clinical presentation of thyroid disorder in elderly patients, when compared to young adults, and the biochemical parameters of thyroid function also vary according to age and gender. Authors aimed to study the association of classical symptomatology of thyroid dysfunction with the presence of actual biochemically proven thyroid disorder, separately in two groups: one comprising elderly patients (≥60 years)-Group A and other comprising young adult patients (25-50 years)-Group B.Methods: Patients attending the General Medicine out-patient department at Pushpagiri Medical College Hospital, Tiruvalla, Kerala, from December 2019 to January 2020 having any of the classical symptomatology as described in the inclusion criteria, were enrolled. Clinical assessment and data collection was followed by statistical analysis after sorting out the patients into two groups.Results: In Group A, the symptoms which turned out non-significant for biochemical thyroid disease were chronic constipation, menorrhagia, pedal edema and pallor. In Group B, the picture was somewhat similar, but importantly, chronic constipation turned out to be significant for hypothyroidism while menorrhagia, pedal edema and pallor were insignificant with actual disease. Overt hypothyroidism was the most common thyroid disorder detected in both the groups.Conclusions: appreciating the variability and importance of clinical symptoms of thyroid disorders helps in correctly diagnosing them, especially in the vulnerable elderly population.
Social Practice as Arts-based Methodology: Exploring Participation, Multiplicity, and Collective Action as Elements of Inquiry
Authors: Sanders-Bustle Lynn 
Published: March 2020

Claims that the arts are a kind of research is nothing new, finding relevance for scholars in the social sciences and the arts (Barone & Eisner, 2011; Cahnmann Taylor & Siegesmund, 2018; Leavy, 2019, 2009; Sullivan, 2005). Given that art is continuously being reimagined, it follows that arts-based research takes into account contemporary artistic processes and materials and the theories, aesthetic philosophies and contexts that shape them. In this paper, this author considers socially engaged art in the context of arts-based research and raises the question, what can be learned from social practice as an arts-based methodology? The work of three socially engaged artists are referenced to demonstrate how distinct qualities associated with social practice, such as shared participation, multiplicity, and collective action offer new considerations for arts-based research that aims to bring about social change.