bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What’s New With the Old Coronaviruses?
Authors: Ogimi Chikara , Kim Yae Jean , Martin Emily T , Huh Hee Jae , Chiu Cheng-Hsun , Englund Janet A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCoronaviruses contribute to the burden of respiratory diseases in children, frequently manifesting in upper respiratory symptoms considered to be part of the “common cold.” Recent epidemics of novel coronaviruses recognized in the 21st century have highlighted issues of zoonotic origins of transmissible respiratory viruses and potential transmission, disease, and mortality related to these viruses. In this review, we discuss what is known about the virology, epidemiology, and disease associated with pediatric infection with the common community-acquired human coronaviruses, including species 229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1, and the coronaviruses responsible for past world-wide epidemics due to severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
Defining disrupted nighttime sleep and assessing its diagnostic utility for pediatric narcolepsy type 1
Authors: Maski Kiran , Pizza Fabio , Liu Shanshan , Steinhart Erin , Little Elaina , Colclasure Alicia , Diniz Behn Cecilia , Vandi Stefano , Antelmi Elena , Weller Edie , Scammell Thomas E , Plazzi Giuseppe 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
Disrupted nighttime sleep (DNS) is a core narcolepsy symptom of unconsolidated sleep resulting from hypocretin neuron loss. In this study, we define a DNS objective measure and evaluate its diagnostic utility for pediatric narcolepsy type 1 (NT1).

Methods
This was a retrospective, multisite, cross-sectional study of polysomnograms (PSGs) in 316 patients, ages 6–18 years (n = 150 NT1, n = 22 narcolepsy type 2, n = 27 idiopathic hypersomnia, and n = 117 subjectively sleepy subjects). We assessed sleep continuity PSG measures for (1) their associations with subjective and objective daytime sleepiness, daytime sleep onset REM periods (SOREMPs), self-reported disrupted nocturnal sleep and CSF hypocretin levels and (2) their predictive value for NT1 diagnosis. We then combined the best performing DNS measure with nocturnal SOREMP (nSOREMP) to assess the added value to the logistic regression model and the predictive accuracy for NT1 compared with nSOREMP alone.

Results
The Wake/N1 Index (the number of transitions from any sleep stage to wake or NREM stage 1 normalized by total sleep time) was associated with objective daytime sleepiness, daytime SOREMPs, self-reported disrupted sleep, and CSF hypocretin levels (p’s &lt; 0.003) and held highest area under the receiver operator characteristic curves (AUC) for NT1 diagnosis. When combined with nSOREMP, the DNS index had greater accuracy for diagnosing NT1 (AUC = 0.91 [0.02]) than nSOREMP alone (AUC = 0.84 [0.02], likelihood ratio [LR] test p &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions
The Wake/N1 Index is an objective DNS measure that can quantify DNS severity in pediatric NT1. The Wake/N1 Index in combination with or without nSOREMP is a useful sleep biomarker that improves recognition of pediatric NT1 using only the nocturnal PSG.
Sit Less for Successful Aging Pilot Study: Feasibility of an Intervention to Reduce Sedentary Time in Older Adults in Independent Living Communities
Authors: Hergenroeder Andrea L. , Barone Gibbs Bethany , Kotlarczyk Mary P. , Perera Subashan , Quinn Tyler , Shuman Valerie , Kowalsky Robert J. , Brach Jennifer S. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
Older adults are the most sedentary of all age groups, which is concerning given the association of sedentary time with adverse health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to pilot test a 12-week sedentary behavior intervention in older adults in independent living communities.

Methods:
Individuals older than 60 years, who could walk >100 feet, were recruited. The intervention targeted a reduction in sedentary behavior using an activity prompter and weekly behavioral group sessions. Sedentary time, steps/day, physical function, mobility, and blood pressure were measured. Twelve-week changes in outcomes were compared using paired t tests.

Results:
Twenty-one older adults (82.2 ± 7.1 years) completed the study. Sedentary minutes accumulated in 30-minute bouts decreased (−27.7 ± 12.9 min/d, P = .0471). There were no changes in total number of sedentary minutes or steps/day. Physical function and mobility improved (all P < .05). The intervention strategy was feasible and acceptable among older adults in independent living communities.

Conclusions:
An intervention targeting a reduction in sedentary behavior is feasible and acceptable in older adults and shows promise for reducing minutes spent in bouts of prolonged sitting and for improving physical function and mobility.
Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Entrustable Professional Activities
Authors: Robson Jacob , Lusman Sarah S. , Lee Christine K. , Merves Jaime , Middleton Jeremy , Perez Maria E. , Desai Nirav K. , Sayej Wael , Sivagnanam Mamata , Solomon Aliza B. , Colombo Jennifer Marie , Rosen John M. , Van Buren Kristin Whitfield , Brown Jeffrey B. , Turmelle Yumirle P. , Cerezo Carolina S. , Loomes Kathleen M. , Huang Jeannie S. , Quiros‐Tejeira Ruben E. , Benkov Keith , Leichtner Alan , Narkewicz Michael R. , Weinstein Toba , Sauer Cary G. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTBackground:Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are critical activities performed by medical professionals, which can be observed and assessed. Adding on to common EPAs for all pediatric subspecialty trainees, specialty‐specific EPAs for pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutritional fellowship were developed by the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) EPA Task Force.Methods:Having developed specialty‐specific EPAs, building EPA assessments is the next logical step, as EPAs are included under a larger umbrella of competency‐based assessment. Thus, the NASPGHAN EPA Task Force and Training Committee collaborated on an assessment tool and associated curricular resources to aid in tracking trainees’ progression to entrustment within individual EPAs and readiness for independent practice.Results:This manuscript reports the development of an EPA assessment tool, including guiding principles and the theory behind the assessment tool, with a focus on simple, meaningful assessments that can provide crucial performance feedback to trainees. In addition, curricular resources were developed, based on the assessment tool, to support training. Ultimately, it is the hope of the NASPGHAN EPA Task Force and Training Committee that this tool can aid training programs in providing formative feedback for trainees, and can be used by training programs and clinical competency committees for summative evaluation.
Who are China’s strategic economic partners in South America?
Authors: Borquez Andres , Bravo Carlos 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to discuss the characteristics of China’s strategic partners in Latin America, emphasizing the foreign policy orientations of these nations towards China.Design/methodology/approachThe first part is a theoretical analysis of the foreign economic policy orientations of the Chinese strategic partners in South America. In the second part, attention is paid to the empirical regularities of economic cooperation between China and its South American strategic partners.FindingsChina seeks to diversify the profile of its strategic partnerships, as long as they increase Chinas complexity in the orientation of cooperation, using a multidimensional approach, based on three strategic cooperation networks (partners based on ideological affinities, geo-economic partners and trade partners).Originality/valueThis article increases the understanding of how new strategic partnerships take a more active position in the new great geo-economic game in which China is involved. China increases its facilitation role in Latin American Pacific rim countries, as well as its influence in countries historically close to the USA.
The experience of first‐time Hong Kong Chinese fatherhood: A qualitative exploratory study
Authors: Ngai Fei‐Wan , Lam Winsome 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe father's involvement in childrearing can positively influence health outcomes not only for the man himself but also for his partner and their children. However, the experience of first‐time fatherhood is limited in Chinese communities. The aim of this study is to explore men's experience of first‐time fatherhood and coping in Hong Kong. An exploratory qualitative design was used. A purposive sample of 44 first‐time Chinese fathers who had participated in a couple‐based cognitive‐behavioral intervention for postnatal depression were recruited for telephone interviews at 1–3 months postpartum. Data were collected by a semistructured interview guide and analyzed using thematic analysis. The process involved in men's transition to first‐time fatherhood reveals four major themes: changes in daily life, new paternal roles and responsibilities, availability of resources to enhance adaptation, and coping strategies. The findings have implications for health care professionals and policy‐makers in the provision of comprehensive perinatal care and family‐friendly policies to aid men's transition to first‐time fatherhood in Chinese communities.
HOUSE (CENTRIC) SOCIETIES ON THE PREHISTORIC GREEK MAINLAND
Authors: Wiersma Corien W. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe concept of ‘House Societies’ was introduced by Lévi‐Strauss. It not only considers the social aspects of houses and households, but also the economic and political ones. By so doing, one gains a much more complete understanding of how a community is structured and organized, and how changes can slowly unfold within seemingly static communities. In this article it is argued that Early Helladic III and early Middle Helladic communities on the Greek mainland can be considered proto‐house societies, while House Societies proper do emerge at some places during the later Middle Helladic and Late Helladic I periods. The arguments are based on an analysis of domestic architecture, mortuary practices and the domestic economy. These indicate that the concept of property became more important during the Middle Helladic period. The house was perpetuated through rebuilding and mortuary practices, thereby referencing the concept of kinship, in order to transmit property. Such habits define House Societies.
Understanding physical activity and sedentary behaviour among preschool-aged children in Singapore: a mixed-methods approach
Authors: Chen Bozhi , Waters Clarice N , Compier Thomas , Uijtdewilligen Leonie , Petrunoff Nicholas A , Lim Yee Wei , van Dam Rob , Müller-Riemenschneider Falk 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesThis study investigated physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) among preschool-aged children in Singapore and potential correlates at multiple levels of the socioecological model from in-school and out-of-school settings.DesignA cross-sectional study using a mixed-methods approach.ParticipantsParent–child dyads from six preschools in Singapore.MethodsPA and SB of children (n=72) were quantified using wrist-worn accelerometers for seven consecutive days. Three focus group discussions (FGDs) among 12 teachers explored diverse influences on children’s activities, and System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth (SOPLAY) assessed PA environment and children’s activity levels at preschools. Seventy-three parents completed questionnaires on home and neighbourhood factors influencing children’s PA and SB. Descriptive analyses of quantitative data and thematic analysis of FGDs were performed.ResultsBased on accelerometry, children (4.4±1.1 years) spent a median of 7.8 (IQR 6.4–9.0) hours/day in SB, and 0.5 (0.3–0.8) hours/day in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). MVPA was similar throughout the week, and SB was slightly higher on non-school days. In preschools, SOPLAY showed more children engaging in MVPA outdoors (34.0%) than indoors (7.7%), and absence of portable active play equipment. FGDs revealed issues that could restrict active time at preschool, including academic requirements of the central curriculum and its local implementation. The teachers had varying knowledge about PA guidelines and perceived that the children were sufficiently active. In out-of-school settings, parents reported that their children rarely used outdoor facilities for active play and spent little time in active travel. Few children (23.5%) participated in extracurricular sports, but most (94.5%) reported watching screens for 1.5 (0.5–3.0) hours/day.ConclusionMVPA was low and SB was high in preschool-aged children in an urban Asian setting. We identified diverse in-school and out-of-school correlates of PA and SB that should be taken into account in health promotion strategies.
Understanding behavioural changes through community-based participatory research to promote oral health in socially disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Southern Sweden
Authors: Ramji Rathi , Carlson Elisabeth , Brogårdh-Roth Susanne , Olofsson Anna Nilvéus , Kottorp Anders , Rämgård Margareta 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesInequalities in oral health have been on the rise globally. In Sweden, these differences exist not between regions, but among subgroups living in vulnerable situations. This study aims at understanding behavioural change after taking part in participatory oral health promotional activity among families living in socially disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Southern Sweden.SettingThe current study involved citizens from a socially disadvantaged neighbourhood in Malmö, together with actors from the academic, public and private sectors. These neighbourhoods were characterised by high rates of unemployment, crime, low education levels and, most importantly, poor health.ParticipantsFamilies with children aged 7–14 years from the neighbourhood were invited to participate in the health promotional activities by a community representative, known as a health promoter, using snowball sampling. Between 8 and 12 families participated in the multistage focus groups over 6 months. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThree main themes emerged from the analysis, providing an understanding of the determinants for behavioural change, including meaningful social interactions, family dynamics and health trajectories. The mothers in the study valued the social aspects of their participation; however, they believed that gaining knowledge in combination with social interaction made their presence also meaningful. Further, the participants recognised the role of family dynamics primarily the interactions within the family, family structure and traditional practices as influencing oral health-related behaviour among children. Participants reported having experienced a change in general health owing to changed behaviour. They started to understand the association between general health and oral health that further motivated them to follow healthier behavioural routines.ConclusionsThe results from this study show that oral health promotion through reflection and dialogue with the communities, together with other stakeholders, may have the potential to influence behavioural change and empower participants to be future ambassadors for change.
Organisational and individual characteristics associated with glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes: cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Wang Haipeng , Yao Jingjing , Yin Xiao , Guo Xiaolei , Yin Jia , Qu Haiyan , Sun Qiang 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThere is a high prevalence of poor glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in China. This study aimed to explore both organisational and individual characteristics associated with glycaemic control among patients with T2DM.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingShandong Province, China.ParticipantsThe participants were 2166 patients with T2DM and 337 healthcare providers from 36 urban communities and 36 rural villages in Shandong Province.Primary and secondary outcome measuresMultistage stratified sampling procedures were used to measure demand-side individual demographic, clinical and self-management characteristics, and supply-side organisational characteristics, and the status of glycaemic control. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to assess key determinants of glycaemic control.ResultsOnly 42.8% of the patients with T2DM achieved good glycaemic control. Age, income, hypertension and self-efficacy were significantly positive predictors of optimal glycaemic control, while duration of diabetes, antidiabetic drugs and monitoring of blood glucose were significantly negative predictors of that. Private VCs (OR=0.48, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.82, p<0.01) and lack of healthcare providers (OR=0.69, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.89, p<0.01; OR=0.71, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.98, p<0.05) were significantly negative predictors of optimal glycaemic control, while diabetes knowledge level of healthcare providers (OR=1.36, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.83, p<0.05; OR=1.45, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.10, p<0.05) and kinds of antidiabetic drugs (OR=1.37, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.93, p<0.1; OR=1.46, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.00, p<0.05) were significantly positive predictors of that.ConclusionsGlycaemic control was suboptimal among patients with T2DM in China. The determinants of failing to achieve good glycaemic control included both organisational and individual characteristics. Potential interventions that target patients, providers and the healthcare organisations should be taken to improve the glycaemic control and health outcome among patients with T2DM.
РОЛЬ ПЕРВИННОЇ ЛАНКИ В НАДАННІ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ПОСЛУГИ ПАЛІАТИВНОЇ ТА ХОСПІСНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ ПАЦІЄНТАМ ТЕРНОПІЛЬЩИНИ
Authors: Riabokon S. S. , Riabokon M. O. , Romanjuk N. Ye. , Romanjuk L. M. , Migenko L. M. , Migenko B. O. 
Published: April 2020

Мета: провести медико-соціальний аналіз і визначити організаційні аспекти сучасного стану та пріо­ритетні напрямки розвитку системи паліативної та хоспісної допомоги (ПХД) на Тернопільщині за умов реформування системи охорони здоров’я України.
Матеріали і методи. Для досягнення поставленої мети у роботі використано загальнонаукові методи аналізу, синтезу та узагальнення.
Результати. Несприятлива медико-демографічна ситуація в Україні вимагає обґрунтування, створення і розвитку доступної, якісної та ефективної системи ПХД, що потребує залучення до надання паліативної та хоспісної допомоги медичних працівників закладів охорони здоров’я (ЗОЗ) первинної медичної допомоги і спеціалізованих ЗОЗ, координації роботи закладів та установ, підпорядкованих різним міністерствам та відомствам, різних форм власності.
На сьогодні в Тернопільській області продовжуються реформи медичної галузі з метою наближення доступ­ності та покращення якості обслуговування населення, розширення спектра надання медичних послуг пацієнтам, які потребують паліативної та хоспісної допомоги шляхом залучення лікарів загальної практики – сімейної медицини до надання амбулаторної паліативної допомоги пацієнтам, у тому числі вдома.
Висновки. Медико-соціальний аналіз демографічних показників, захворюваності і смертності свідчить про швидке скорочення чисельності та постаріння населення, високий рівень смертності від злоякісних новоутворень і тяжких ускладнень хронічних неінфекційних захворювань, що визначають високу потребу населення у ПХД. На основі оцінки розвитку паліативної та хоспісної допомоги та відповідності її світовим стандартам розуміємо, що система потребує подальшого розвитку.
МІЖНАРОДНА КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ, ОБМЕЖЕНЬ ЖИТТЄДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ТА ЗДОРОВ’Я В УПРАВЛІННІ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЄЮ
Authors: Bakalyuk T. G. , Golyachenko A. O. , Stelmakh H. O. , Golyachenko O. A. 
Published: April 2020

Мета: проаналізувати та дати оцінку застосуванню Міжнародної класифікації функціонування, обмежень життєдіяльності та здоровʼя (МКФ) у реабілітаційному процесі.
Матеріали і методи. Дослідження ґрунтується на аналізі спеціальної літератури і документів.
Результати. Міжнародна класифікація функціонування, обмежень життєдіяльності та здоровʼя покликана допо­могти визначити мету та завдання фізичної терапії, оцінити ефективність реабілітації, тому застосування даної класифікації допоможе не тільки описати порушення та обмеження, які виникають у людини внаслідок будь-якого захворювання, травми чи патологічного стану, але і скласти програму реабілітації з оцінюванням її ефективності під час застосування реабілітаційних заходів.
Висновки. Використання МКФ у клінічній практиці при проведенні реабілітації допомагає сформулювати реабілітаційний діагноз та покликане допомогти визначити мету та завдання фізичної терапії, оцінити ефективність реабілітації. Для широкого застосування МКФ у клінічній практиці та покращення управління реабілітацією необхідно розробити інформаційні системи і впровадити їх використання в реабілітаційному процесі.
Sociability Associations: A Literature Review
Authors: Stebbins Robert A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Fellowship and friendly social relations during free time, referred to here as leisure-based sociability, is a prominent reward of participation in many groups based on volunteer membership, consisting for this review mainly of amateurs, hobbyists, altruistically oriented volunteers, and the associations of these three. This benefit is analyzed according to two subtypes: sociable nonprofit associations and social clubs. The goal of this issue of the Voluntaristics Review is to examine the leisure component of these two subtypes as framed in the serious leisure perspective (SLP) as set out in Stebbins (2007 [2015], in press; see also www.seriousleisure.net), put nonprofit sociability in organizational context, and then review the empirical literature bearing on it. Studies and theoretic treatises approaching nonprofit groups from another angle (e.g., organizational structure, management issues, funding sources, governmental regulation, type of employment) are not reviewed. Specifically, this review centers on the relevant books, articles, and chapters listed in the SLP website, which itself centers on amateurs, hobbyists, and career volunteers (the serious pursuits), casual leisure, and project-based interests and includes its extensions in the theory and research on the leisure-related aspects of aging and retirement, arts and science administration, library and information science, positive psychology, therapeutic recreation and disability studies, and tourism and event analysis. Compared with the various specialties in leisure studies, the SLP casts by far the broadest theoretical and empirical net in that interdisciplinary field. The research reviewed shows that such talk—generically known as socializing—reflects one or more of fourteen themes. In general, members find sociability in these clubs and associations in and around the core activities they pursue there and on which the two subtypes have formed. The studies reviewed here, taken together, provide considerable validation of the proposition that leisure-based sociability is a prominent reward of participation evident in a multitude of volunteer groups. Leisure-based sociability is itself micro-analytic in scope, but viewed through the lens of the SLP, it can be further understood using meso- and macro levels of analysis.