bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language Engineering for Heterogeneous Collaborative Embedded Systems
Authors: Butting Arvid , Wortmann Andreas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAt the core of model-driven development (MDD) of collaborative embedded systems (CESs) are models that realize the different participating stakeholders’ views of the systems. For CESs, these views contain various models to represent requirements, logical functions, collaboration functions, and technical realizations. To enable automated processing, these models must conform to modeling languages. Domain-specific languages (DSLs) that leverage concepts and terminology established by the stakeholders are key to their success. The variety of domains in which CESs are applied has led to a magnitude of different DSLs. These are manually engineered, composed, and customized for different applications, a process which is costly and error-prone. We present an approach for engineering independent language components and composing these using systematic composition operators. To support structured reuse of language components, we further present a methodology for building up product lines of such language components. This fosters engineering of collaborative embedded systems with modeling techniques tailored to each application.
Supporting the Creation of Digital Twins for CESs
Authors: Cioroaica Emilia , Kuhn Thomas , Dimitrov Dimitar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOne important behavioral aspect of collaborative embedded systems (CESs) is their trustworthiness, which can be assessed at runtime by evaluating their software and system components virtually. The key idea behind trust evaluation at runtime is the assessment of system interactions and consideration of an extended set of actors that influence the dynamicity of these systems. In this sense, the behavior of collaborative embedded systems and collaborative system groups (CSGs) is part of a more complex behavior of digital ecosystems that form around the collaborating systems. One way of performing runtime virtual evaluation of such complex behavior is through the implementation of digital twins (DTs). DTs are executable models fed with real-time data that allow behavior to be observed and analyzed in concrete technical situations. The use of digital twins enables goals to be evaluated in holistic scenarios at three different levels: strategic level, tactical level, and operational level, as we present in this chapter.
Variant and Product Line Co-Evolution
Authors: Kirchhof Jörg Christian , Nieke Michael , Schaefer Ina , Schmalzing David , Schulze Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIndividual collaborative embedded systems (CESs) in a collaborative system group (CSG) are typically provided by different manufacturers. Variability in such systems is pivotal for deploying a CES in different CSGs and environments. Changing requirements may entail the evolution of a CES. Such changed requirements can be manifold: individual variants of a CES are updated to fix bugs, or the manufacturer changes the entire CES product line to provide new capabilities. Both types of evolution, the variant evolution and the product line evolution, may be performed in parallel. However, neither type of evolution should lead to diverging states of CES variants and the CES product line, otherwise both would be incompatible, it would not be possible to update the CES variants, and it would not be possible to reuse bug fixes of an individual variant for the entire product line. To avoid this divergence, we present an approach for co-evolving variants and product lines, thus ensuring their consistency.
Advanced Systems Engineering
Authors: Broy Manfred , Böhm Wolfgang , Rumpe Bernhard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdvanced systems engineering (ASE) is a new paradigm for agile, efficient, evolutionary, and quality-aware development of complex cyber-physical systems using modern digital technologies and tools. ASE is essentially enabled by smart digital modeling tools for specifying, modeling, testing, simulating, and analyzing the system under development embedded in a coherent and consistent methodology.The German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) projects SPES2020, SPES_XT, and CrESt offer such a methodology and framework for model-based systems engineering (MBSE). The framework provides a comprehensive methodology for MBSE that is independent of tools and modeling languages. The framework also offers a comprehensive set of concrete modeling techniques and activities that build on a formal, mathematical foundation. The SPES framework is based on four principles that are of paramount importance: (1) Functional as well as non-functional requirements fully modeled and understood at system level. (2) Consistent consideration of interfaces at each system level. (3) Decomposition of systems into subsystems and their interfaces. (4) Models for a variety of cross-sectional topics (e.g., variability, safety, dynamics).
Architectures for Flexible Collaborative Systems
Authors: Böhm Birthe , Cârlan Carmen , Sohr Annelie , Unverdorben Stephan , Vollmar Jan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCollaborative systems are characterized by their interaction with other systems in collaborative system groups in order to reach a common goal. These systems interact based on fixed rules and have the ability to change structurally, if necessary. Changes in the collaboration are usually triggered from outside and are time-discrete with a rather wide time scale. The architectures of these systems and system groups must support flexibility and adaptability at runtime while also ensuring specific qualities, although these changes and their consequences cannot be fully foreseen in all combinations at design time.In order to enable knowledge preservation and reuse for the design of system architectures for flexible collaborative systems and system groups, we present a method for designing reference architectures for systems and system groups. For this approach, we present an example of a reference architecture for an operator assistance system. To adequately consider safety requirements during the design, we further introduce a method which adapts safety argumentation for flexible collaborative systems to changes in their specification or operating context.
Function Modeling for Collaborative Embedded Systems
Authors: Hayward Alexander , Daun Marian , Petrovska Ana , Böhm Wolfgang , Krajinski Lisa , Fay Alexander 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe evolution from traditional embedded systems to dynamically interacting, collaborative embedded systems increases the complexity and the number of requirements involved in the model-based development process. In this chapter, we present the new aspects that need to be considered when modeling functions for collaborative embedded systems and collaborative system groups, such as the relationship between functions of a single system and functions resulting from the interplay of multiple systems. These different aspects are represented by a formal, domain-independent metamodel. To aid understanding, we also apply the metamodel to two different use cases.
Architectures for Dynamically Coupled Systems
Authors: Gandor Malin , Jäckel Nicolas , Käser Lorenz , Schlie Alexander , Stierand Ingo , Terfloth Axel , Toborg Steffen , Wachtmeister Louis , Wißdorf Anna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDynamically coupled collaborative embedded systems operate in groups that form, change, and dissolve—often frequently—during their lifetime. Furthermore, the context in which collaborative systems operate is a dynamic one: systems in the context may appear, change their visible behavior, and disappear again. Ensuring safe operation of such collaborative systems is of key importance, while their dynamic nature poses challenges that do not occur in “classical” system design. This starts with the elicitation of the operational context against which the system will be designed—requiring capture of its dynamic nature—and affects all other design phases as well. Novel development methods are required, enabling engineers to deal with the challenges raised by dynamicity in a manageable way. This chapter presents methods that have been developed to support engineers in this task. The methods cover different viewpoints and abstraction levels of the development process, starting at the requirements viewpoint, and glance at the functional and technical design, as well as verification methods for the type of systems envisioned.
Dynamic Safety Certification for Collaborative Embedded Systems at Runtime
Authors: Moncada David Santiago Velasco , Schneider Daniel , Petrovska Ana , Laxman Nishanth , Möhrle Felix , Rothbauer Stefan , Zeller Marc , Koo Chee Hung , Safdari Samira 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTraditionally, integration and quality assurance of embedded systems are done entirely at development time. Moreover, since such systems often perform safety-critical tasks and work in human environments, safety analyses are performed and safety argumentations devised to convince certification authorities of their safety and to certify the systems if necessary. Collaborative embedded systems, however, are designed to integrate and collaborate with other systems dynamically at runtime. A complete prediction and analysis of all relevant properties during the design phase is usually not possible, as many influencing factors are not yet known. This makes the application of traditional safety analysis and certification techniques impractical, as they usually require a complete specification of the system and its context in advance. In the following chapter, we introduce new techniques to meet this challenge and outline a safety certification concept specifically tailored to collaborative embedded systems.
Goal-Based Strategy Exploration
Authors: Obe Patricia Aluko , Brings Jennifer , Daun Marian , Feeken Linda , Mirzaei Elham , Neumann Martin , Nickles Jochen , Rösel Simon , Sauer Markus , Schlingloff Holger , Stierand Ingo , Zernickel Jan-Stefan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhen collaborative embedded systems (CESs) connect to form a group, this collaborative system group (CSG) can achieve goals that are beyond the reach of individual systems. The goals such a group can achieve depend on the constituent collaborative embedded systems. Consequently, the ability of a collaborative system group to adapt itself is driven by the capabilities of its collaborative embedded systems. This tight interconnection impedes the manual handling of adaptation strategies. Therefore, this chapter introduces a goal-based approach for strategy exploration that considers the peculiarities of collaborative system groups and collaborative embedded systems. The chapter sets out the model-based approach to adaptive system (group) design, incorporating the goals of collaborative system groups and individual systems, and outlines corresponding automated validation methods. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach for a case example of collaborative transport robots.
Warnsignale für Krebserkrankungen im Kindesalter
Authors: Lewitan L. , Burdach S. 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIn Kinderarztpraxis und Notaufnahme können bereits wichtige Weichen für die spätere Behandlung krebskranker Kinder und Jugendlicher gestellt werden. Dies hat eine große Relevanz für die Prognose, da viele kindliche Tumoren schnell fortschreiten und mit fortgeschrittenen Stadien durch intensivierte Therapie auch vermehrt Nebenwirkungen und Spätfolgen einhergehen. Die häufigsten Warnsignale sind Knochenschmerzen, Blässe, Fieber, Kopfschmerzen und Erbrechen sowie Weichteil- bzw. Lymphknotenschwellungen. Zudem muss bei untypischen Symptomkonstellationen frühzeitig an eine maligne Genese gedacht werden. Die Kunst ist es, unter den häufigen, scheinbar banalen Symptomen die seltenen, aber ernsten Differenzialdiagnosen zu finden. Die „Schwabinger Regeln“ bieten hierbei eine wertvolle Hilfestellung.
Die nasslaufende Kupplung als Stellglied zur Schwingungsreduzierung im Antriebsstrang – Einflüsse eines veränderten Tribosystems
Authors: Bischofberger Arne , Ott Sascha , Albers Albert 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungEine Veränderung der Systemstruktur (tribologisches System) kann die Schwingungsreduzierung im nasslaufenden Kupplungssystem bei ansonsten gleichbleibenden Randbedingungen möglicherweise maßgeblich verbessern. Dieser Beitrag stellt hierzu Untersuchungen bei gezielter Variation des Tribosystems, im Speziellen des Reibbelages und des verwendeten Öls, vor. Für eine relative Bewertung der Schwingungsentkopplung werden die Bewertungsgrößen spezifisches Amplitudenverhältnis und die Winkelbeschleunigung eingeführt und herangezogen. Zusätzlich wird das dynamische Reibungszahlverhalten der Tribosystemvarianten gegenübergestellt und auf mögliche Korrelationen mit dem Schwingungsentkopplungsverhalten hin untersucht.
Effectiveness of Behaviour Therapy for Children and Adolescents with Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorder in a Naturalistic Setting
Authors: Andrén Per , Wachtmeister Vera , Franzé Julia , Speiner Caroline , Fernández de la Cruz Lorena , Andersson Erik , de Schipper Elles , Rautio Daniel , Silverberg-Mörse Maria , Serlachius Eva , Mataix-Cols David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt is unclear if the results of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of behaviour therapy (BT) for Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorder (CTD) can be generalised to naturalistic clinical settings and are durable long-term. In this naturalistic study, 74 young people with TS/CTD received BT at a specialist clinic. Data were collected at baseline, post-treatment, and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Measures included the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale (CGI-I), amongst others. Tic severity and tic-related impairment improved after treatment, with large within-group effect sizes. At post-treatment, 57% of the participants were classified as treatment responders according to the CGI-I. Tic severity and tic-related impairment improved further through the follow-up, with 75% treatment responders at the 12-month follow-up. BT is an effective and durable treatment for young people with TS/CTD in a naturalistic specialist clinical setting, with comparable effects to RCTs.
Convergent Inexact Penalty Decomposition Methods for Cardinality-Constrained Problems
Authors: Lapucci Matteo , Levato Tommaso , Sciandrone Marco 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this manuscript, we consider the problem of minimizing a smooth function with cardinality constraint, i.e., the constraint requiring that the "Equation missing"-norm of the vector of variables cannot exceed a given threshold value. A well-known approach of the literature is represented by the class of penalty decomposition methods, where a sequence of penalty subproblems, depending on the original variables and new variables, are inexactly solved by a two-block decomposition method. The inner iterates of the decomposition method require to perform exact minimizations with respect to the two blocks of variables. The computation of the global minimum with respect to the original variables may be prohibitive in the case of nonconvex objective function. In order to overcome this nontrivial issue, we propose a modified penalty decomposition method, where the exact minimizations with respect to the original variables are replaced by suitable line searches along gradient-related directions. We also present a derivative-free penalty decomposition algorithm for black-box optimization. We state convergence results of the proposed methods, and we report the results of preliminary computational experiments.
Navigating Uncertainty: Early Career Academics and Practices of Appraisal Devices
Authors: Nästesjö Jonatan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere is a lack of objective evaluative standards for academic work. While this has been recognized in studies of how gatekeepers pass judgment on the works of others, little is known about how scholars deal with the uncertainty about how their work will be evaluated by gatekeepers. Building upon 35 interviews with early career academics in political science and history, this paper explores how junior scholars use appraisal devices to navigate this kind of uncertainty. Appraisal devices offer trusted and knowledgeable appraisals through which scholars are informed whether their work and they themselves are good enough to succeed in academia. Investigating how early career academics rely upon appraisals from assessors (i.e., ‘academic mentors’), the study adds to existing literature on uncertainty and worth in academic life by drawing attention to how scholars’ anticipatory practices are informed by trusting the judgment of others. The empirical analysis demonstrates that early career academics are confronted with multiple and conflicting appraisals that they must interpret and differentiate between. However, the institutional conditions for dealing with uncertainty about what counts in future evaluations, as well as which individuals generally come to function as assessors, differ between political science and history. This has an impact on both valuation practices and socialization structures. Focusing on what I callpractices of appraisal devices, the paper provides a conceptual understanding of how scholars cope with uncertainties about their future. Furthermore, it expands existing theory by demonstrating how scholars’ self-concept and desired identities are key to the reflexive ways appraisal devices are used in the course of action.
Digital media, book reading, and aspects of sleep and sleep-related fears in preschoolers: the Ulm SPATZ Health Study
Authors: Ricci Cristian , Schlarb Angelika A. , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Genuneit Jon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
High levels of digital media use with screen-based devices has been found to threaten several aspects of child and adolescent health. However, the rapid change in digital media use behavior in our society over the past decade has rendered much of the existing evidence outdated.

Materials and methods
The present work reports data ascertained from 2016 to 2019 on preschoolers’ digital media use and book reading among 4‑ to 6‑year-old children from the longitudinal Ulm SPATZ Health Study. These data are supplemented by exploring the association of child digital media use and book reading with aspects of children’s sleep and sleep-related fears.

Results
After data management, 581 children participated at the age of 4 years. At the ages of 5 and 6 years, data were available for 508 and 426 participants, respectively. Median age of the mothers was 33 years (range 21–54) and 70% had graduated from high school. Most time spent using digital media was represented by passive activities in front of a screen. Time spent using digital media increased with children’s age. An increased risk of the fear of sleeping alone (RR: 1.35, [95% CI: 1.07; 1.70]) and fear of the dark (1.47 [95% CI 1.16; 1.87]) was documented for exposure to “all media” higher than the median as compared to lower levels. Exposure to “books” above the median and compared to lower levels was tentatively associated with a relevant 18% reduction in the risk of both fear of sleeping alone and fear of the dark (0.82 [95% CI 0.65; 1.03] and 0.82 [95% CI 0.64; 1.05], respectively).

Conclusion
Our results suggest that reducing time spent using digital media and potentially substituting this time by reading books, which seem to be a safe alternative, is a valid solution to reduce some common aspects of poor sleep in preschoolers.
Profile von Berufswahlmotivationen von Lehramtsstudierenden und deren Effekte auf Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen
Authors: Eder Anna M. , Gniewosz Burkhard , Bach Andreas , Hofmann Franz , Katstaller Michaela 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungMotivationale Orientierungen nehmen innerhalb der LehrerInnenbildungsforschung hinsichtlich der intendierten Professionalisierung von Studierenden eine zentrale Rolle ein. Diese Studie untersucht, gestützt auf das FIT-Choice Modell, die Erwartung-Wert-Theorie sowie die sozial-kognitive Theorie, inwiefern Berufswahlmotivationen prädiktiv für die lehrberufsspezifischen Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen sein können. Ein personenzentrierter Ansatz ermöglicht es, die intraindividuellen Unterschiede hinsichtlich motivationaler Orientierungen von Lehramtsstudierenden differenziert darzustellen und gibt in weiterer Folge darüber Auskunft, welche Motivationskonstellationen sich als günstig für die antizipierte Professionalisierung der Studierenden zeigen. Diese Studie fokussiert, ausgehend von motivationalen Ausgangslagen, die Unterschiede in den berufsspezifischen Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen von 366 StudienbeginnerInnen am Standort Salzburg. Mit der latenten Profilanalyse konnten drei Motivationsprofile identifiziert werden, aus welchen Motivationen heraus ein Lehramtsstudium gewählt wurde. Hinsichtlich ihrer professionsspezifischen Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen hebt sich vor allem jenes Profil als günstig hervor, welches sich über hohe soziale und intrinsische Orientierungen auszeichnet. Als weniger günstig stellt sich das Profil heraus, welches allgemein weniger hohe Werte über die Dimensionen der Berufswahlmotivation aufweist und sich generell als wenig ausdifferenziert zeigt.
Insights on the Human Amniotic Membrane in Clinical Practice with a Focus on the New Applications in Retinal Surgery
Authors: Tartaro Ruggero , Caporossi Tomaso , Virgili Gianni , Barca Francesco , Giansanti Fabrizio , Rizzo Stanislao 
Published: December 2020

Lay SummaryRecently, the use of the human amniotic membrane (hAM) has been extended to treat retinal disorders such as refractory macular holes, retinal breaks and dry and wet age-related macular degeneration. Not only the hAM has proved to be an excellent tool for repairing retinal tissue, but it has also shown a promising regeneration potential. This review aims to highlight the novel use of the hAM in treating retinal diseases. Although the hAM has been used in the ocular anterior segment reconstruction for more than 60 years, in the last 2 years, we have found in literature articles showing the use of the hAM in the retinal surgery field with interesting results in terms of tissue healing and photoreceptor regeneration.
Public risk perception and emotion on Twitter during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Dyer Joel , Kolic Blas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSuccessful navigation of the Covid-19 pandemic is predicated on public cooperation with safety measures and appropriate perception of risk, in which emotion and attention play important roles. Signatures of public emotion and attention are present in social media data, thus natural language analysis of this text enables near-to-real-time monitoring of indicators of public risk perception. We compare key epidemiological indicators of the progression of the pandemic with indicators of the public perception of the pandemic constructed from$$\sim 20$$∼20million unique Covid-19-related tweets from 12 countries posted between 10th March and 14th June 2020. We find evidence of psychophysical numbing: Twitter users increasingly fixate on mortality, but in a decreasingly emotional and increasingly analytic tone. Semantic network analysis based on word co-occurrences reveals changes in the emotional framing of Covid-19 casualties that are consistent with this hypothesis. We also find that the average attention afforded to national Covid-19 mortality rates is modelled accurately with the Weber–Fechner and power law functions of sensory perception. Our parameter estimates for these models are consistent with estimates from psychological experiments, and indicate that users in this dataset exhibit differential sensitivity by country to the national Covid-19 death rates. Our work illustrates the potential utility of social media for monitoring public risk perception and guiding public communication during crisis scenarios.