bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing recurrence of stage I–III rectal cancer in regional Australia
Authors: Haggstrom Lucy , Kang Sharlyn , Winn Robert , Putnis Soni , Nasser Elias , Chen James , Aghmesheh Morteza , Brungs Daniel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs treatments for rectal cancer improve with developments in surgical techniques, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the nature of recurrences are evolving. We used a comprehensive database of a large Australian population with stage I–III rectal adenocarcinoma to identify timing and prognostic significance of recurrences, and factors associated with risk of developing recurrent disease.MethodsAll patients with locoregional rectal cancer treated with curative intent in our health district from 2006 to 2017 were included. Multivariate analysis using Cox regression models were used to identify factors associated with recurrence.ResultsA total of 483 patients were included. Recurrence occurred in 117 (24.2%) of 483 patients, being locoregional in 15 (3.1%) patients, distant in 85 patients (17.6%) and both locoregional and distant in 17 (3.5%) patients. Compared to those with locoregional recurrence, those with both locoregional and distant recurrence had worse cancer‐specific survival. On univariate analysis, factors associated with recurrence included stage, grade, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery type and distal tumour location. Factors which remained significant on multivariate analysis included higher grade and stage.ConclusionIn the era of multimodality therapy for rectal cancer, recurrences are predominantly distant. Traditional predictors including higher stage, grade and distal tumour location remain independently associated with recurrence, despite current treatment paradigms.
An experimental study of teachers’ evaluations regarding peer exclusion in the classroom
Authors: Kollerová Lenka , Killen Melanie 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundWhile research has documented negative social and academic consequences that occur when students experience peer exclusion, few studies have been conducted to investigate teachers’ evaluations of peer exclusion.AimsThis study investigated whether ethnic and gender biases enter teachers’ evaluations of classroom peer exclusion that met criteria for bullying.SampleTeachers (N = 740; 77% female) of early and middle adolescents participated in the study. Participants were recruited from 118 elementary and secondary schools across the Czech Republic.MethodsUsing a between‐subjects design, teachers evaluated a scenario of classroom peer exclusion initiated by majority ethnic (Czech) students. The scenarios varied contextual characteristics: target’s ethnicity (majority Czech vs. minority Arab), target’s gender, and excluders’ gender.ResultsAnalyses revealed several subtle contextual effects. Although teachers viewed exclusion as having a more negative impact for the fair treatment of Arab targets than for Czech targets, their reasoning about the wrongfulness of such exclusion was less focused on the moral concerns about fairness for Arab than for Czech targets. In contrast to girl targets, teachers were less concerned about the harmful impact on exclusion for boy targets when considering intervention. Excluders’ gender had significant interactions with the target’s gender on reasoning about wrongfulness of exclusion and the target’s ethnicity for viewing exclusion as impairing the target’s academic engagement.ConclusionsThe findings of subtle ethnic and gender biases underscore the need for research on teacher perspectives on peer exclusion and for training teachers how to address peer exclusion in the classroom across various contexts.
Cytoreductive treatment in patients with CALR‐mutated essential thrombocythaemia: a study comparing indications and efficacy among genotypes from the Spanish Registry of Essential Thrombocythaemia
Authors: Alvarez‐Larrán Alberto , Angona Anna , Andrade‐Campos Marcio , Soledad Noya M. , Teresa Gómez‐Casares M. , Cuevas Beatriz , Caballero Gonzalo , García‐Hernández Carmen , García‐Gutiérrez Valentín , Palomino Alicia , Ferrer‐Marín Francisca , Isabel Mata‐Vázquez M. , Moretó Ana , Magro Elena , Murillo Ilda , Manuel Alonso‐Domínguez Juan , María Guerra José , Guerrero Lucía , María Raya José , Pérez‐Encinas Manuel , Carreño‐Tarragona Gonzalo , Fox Laura , Pastor‐Galán Irene , Bellosillo Beatriz , Hernández‐Boluda Juan Carlos ,   and on behalf of the MPN Spanish Group (GEMFIN)
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present study assessed the criteria for initiating cytoreduction and response to conventional therapies in 1446 patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET), 267 (17%) of which were CALR‐mutated. In low risk patients, time from diagnosis to cytoreduction was shorter in CALR‐positive than in the other genotypes (2·8, 3·2, 7·4 and 12·5 years for CALR, MPL, JAK2V617F and TN, respectively, P < 0·0001). A total of 1104 (76%) patients received cytoreductive treatment with hydroxycarbamide (HC) (n = 977), anagrelide (n = 113), or others (n = 14). The estimated cumulative rates of complete haematological response (CR) at 12 months were 40 % and 67% in CALR and JAK2V617F genotypes, respectively. Median time to CR was 192 days for JAK2V617F, 343 for TN, 433 for MPL, and 705 for CALR genotypes (P < 0·0001). Duration of CR was shorter in CALR‐mutated ET than in the remaining patients (P = 0·003). In CALR‐positive patients, HC and anagrelide had similar efficacy in terms of response rates and duration. CALR‐mutated patients developed resistance/intolerance to HC more frequently (5%, 23%, 27% and 15% for JAK2V617F, CALR, MPL and TN, respectively; P < 0·0001). In conclusion, conventional cytoreductive agents are less effective in CALR‐mutated ET, highlighting the need for new treatment modalities and redefinition of haematologic targets for patients with this genotype.
Detecting successional changes in tropical forest structure using GatorEye drone‐borne lidar
Authors: de Almeida Danilo Roberti Alves , Almeyda Zambrano Angelica Maria , Broadbent Eben North , Wendt Amanda L. , Foster Paul , Wilkinson Benjamin E. , Salk Carl , Papa Daniel de Almeida , Stark Scott Christopher , Valbuena Ruben , Gorgens Eric Bastos , Silva Carlos Alberto , Brancalion Pedro Henrique Santin , Fagan Matthew , Meli Paula , Chazdon Robin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDrone‐based remote sensing is a promising new technology that combines the benefits of ground‐based and satellite‐derived forest monitoring by collecting fine‐scale data over relatively large areas in a cost‐effective manner. Here, we explore the potential of the GatorEye drone‐lidar system to monitor tropical forest succession by canopy structural attributes including canopy height, spatial heterogeneity, gap fraction, leaf area density (LAD) vertical distribution, canopy Shannon index (an index of LAD), leaf area index (LAI), and understory LAI. We focus on these variables’ relationship to aboveground biomass (AGB) stocks and species diversity. In the Caribbean lowlands of northeastern Costa Rica, we analyze nine tropical forests stands (seven second‐growth and two old‐growth). Stands were relatively homogenous in terms of canopy height and spatial heterogeneity, but not in their gap fraction. Neither species density nor tree community Shannon diversity index was significantly correlated with the canopy Shannon index. Canopy height, LAI, and AGB did not show a clear pattern as a function of forest age. However, gap fraction and spatial heterogeneity increased with forest age, whereas understory LAI decreased with forest age. Canopy height was strongly correlated with AGB. The heterogeneous mosaic created by successional forest patches across human‐managed tropical landscapes can now be better characterized. Drone‐lidar systems offer the opportunity to improve assessment of forest recovery and develop general mechanistic carbon sequestration models that can be rapidly deployed to specific sites, an essential step for monitoring progress within the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration.
Savannas after afforestation: Assessment of herbaceous community responses to wildfire versus native tree planting
Authors: M. Haddad Thaís , A. G. Viani Ricardo , G. B. Cava Mário , Durigan Giselda , W. Veldman Joseph 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAfforestation and fire exclusion are pervasive threats to tropical savannas. In Brazil, laws limiting prescribed burning hinder the study of fire in the restoration of Cerrado plant communities. We took advantage of a 2017 wildfire to evaluate the potential for tree cutting and fire to promote the passive restoration of savanna herbaceous plant communities after destruction by exotic tree plantations. We sampled a burned pine plantation (Burned Plantation); a former plantation that was harvested and burned (Harvested & Burned); an unburned former plantation that was harvested, planted with native trees, and treated with herbicide to control invasive grasses (Native Tree Planting); and two old‐growth savannas which served as reference communities. Our results confirm that herbaceous plant communities on post‐afforestation sites are very different from old‐growth savannas. Among post‐afforestation sites, Harvested & Burned herbaceous communities were modestly more similar in composition to old‐growth savannas, had slightly higher richness of savanna plants (3.8 species per 50‐m2), and supported the greatest cover of native herbaceous plants (56%). These positive trends in herbaceous community recovery would be missed in assessments of tree cover: whereas canopy cover in the Harvested & Burned site was 6% (less than typical of savannas of the Cerrado), the Burned Plantation and Native Tree Planting supported 34% and 19% cover, respectively. By focusing on savanna herbaceous plants, these results highlight that tree cutting and fire, not simply tree planting and fire exclusion, should receive greater attention in efforts to restore savannas of the Cerrado.
The Developmental Peacebuilding Model (DPM) of Children’s Prosocial Behaviors in Settings of Intergroup Conflict
Authors: Taylor Laura K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe persistence of intergroup conflicts around the world creates urgency for research on child development in such settings. Complementing what we know about internalizing and externalizing developmental outcomes, in this article, I shift the focus to children’s prosocial behaviors and more specifically, the Developmental Peacebuilding Model (DPM). The DPM makes three main contributions: It (a) integrates a developmental intergroup framework and socioecological perspective with a peace‐building paradigm to examine the target and type of children’s prosocial behavior in settings of intergroup conflict; (b) outlines how children’s outgroup prosocial behaviors, which promote constructive change at different levels of social ecology, can be understood as peace building and fostering social cohesion; and (c) has implications for research and global policy.
Orientation Effects in the Development of Linear Object Tracking in Early Infancy
Authors: Tham Diana S.Y. , Rees Alison , Bremner J. Gavin , Slater Alan , Johnson Scott P. 
Published: July 2020

Infants' oculomotor tracking develops rapidly but is poorer when there are horizontal and vertical movement components. Additionally, persistence of objects moving through occlusion emerges at 4 months but initially is absent for objects moving obliquely. In two experiments, we recorded eye movements of thirty‐two 4‐month‐old and thirty‐two 6‐month‐old infants (mainly Caucasian‐White) tracking horizontal, vertical, and oblique trajectories. Infants tracked oblique trajectories less accurately, but 6‐month olds tracked more accurately such that they tracked oblique trajectories as accurately as 4‐month olds tracked horizontal and vertical trajectories. Similar results emerged when the object was temporarily occluded. Thus, 4‐month olds’ tracking of oblique trajectories may be insufficient to support object persistence, whereas 6‐month olds may track sufficiently accurately to perceive object persistence for all trajectory orientations.
Bumblebee diversity and pollination networks along the elevation gradient of Mount Olympus, Greece
Authors: Minachilis Konstantinos , Kantsa Aphrodite , Devalez Jelle , Trigas Panayiotis , Tscheulin Thomas , Petanidou Theodora 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimWe studied bumblebee diversity and bumblebee pollination networks along the altitudinal gradient of Mt. Olympus, a legendary mountain in Central Greece, also known for its exceptional flora.LocationMt. Olympus, Central Greece.TaxonBombus (Latreille, 1802).MethodsWe explored 10 study sites located on the north‐eastern slope of the mountain, from 327 to 2,596 m a. s. l. Bumblebee surveys were carried out on a monthly basis using pan traps (years 2013 and 2014) and random transect observations assisted by hand netting (years 2013, 2014, and 2016); visited flowering plants and their diversity were recorded during the transect observations.ResultsWith a total of 22 recorded bumblebee species and one species complex, Mt. Olympus is one of the richest mountains in Mediterranean Europe regarding bumblebee diversity. Bombus quadricolor was recorded as a new species for Greece, whereas four species were recorded at their southernmost distribution limit, therefore possibly vulnerable to climate change. Species richness of both bumblebees and plants in flower followed a unimodal pattern along the altitudinal gradient, the former peaking at high altitudes (1,900–2,200 m a.s.l.), the latter at lower to intermediate altitudes (500–1,500 m a.s.l.). Bumblebee–plant visitation networks were larger, more diverse and more generalized in the between intermediate altitudes (1,500–1,800 m a.s.l.), while nestedness peaked at low and high altitudes.Main conclusionsOur results disclose the differential significance of the altitudinal zones of Mt. Olympus for the conservation of the diversity of bumblebees and their host plants, as well as of the interactions among them. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of this mountain, because of its South‐European location, regarding climate change impacts on the bumblebee fauna of Europe. All in all, they point towards more reinforced conservation measures to be taken including the expansion of the protection status to the entire mountain.
Temperature‐dependent fatigue modelling of a novel Ni, Bi and Sb containing Sn‐3.8Ag‐0.7Cu lead‐free solder alloy
Authors: Tao Q.B. , Benabou L. , Le Van Nhat , Nguyen Ngoc Anh Thi , Nguyen‐Xuan Hung 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLow‐cycle fatigue testing of a lead‐free solder (InnoLot) based on Sn‐3.8Ag‐0.7Cu (SAC387) with three simultaneous additions of bismuth, nickel and antimony was conducted using miniature‐sized fatigue specimens at different temperatures and strain amplitudes. The experiments show a decline of the load capacity of the solder alloy with the number of loading cycles. The fatigue life of the solder is also decreased by the level of imposed temperature. The temperature‐modified Coffin‐Manson and Morrow models were used to analyse the behaviour under fatigue and predict lifetime. The parameters in the two fatigue models were determined by considering experiments at different temperatures and total strain amplitudes. In comparison with other reference lead‐free solders, the InnoLot solder shows much better fatigue strength. The better fatigue strength is found to result from the effect of BiNiSb elements. Also, lifetime predictions were made with both models for the solder alloy under different conditions.
Shifting states, shifting services: Linking regime shifts to changes in ecosystem services of shallow lakes
Authors: Janssen Annette B. G. , Hilt Sabine , Kosten Sarian , de Klein Jeroen J. M. , Paerl Hans W. , Van de Waal Dedmer B. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Shallow lakes can shift between stable states as a result of anthropogenic or natural drivers. Four common stable states differ in dominant groups of primary producers: submerged, floating, or emergent macrophytes or phytoplankton. Shifts in primary producer dominance affect key supporting, provisioning, regulating, and cultural ecosystem services supplied by lakes. However, links between states and services are often neglected or unknown in lake management, resulting in conflicts and additional costs.

Here, we identify major shallow lake ecosystem services and their links to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), compare service provisioning among the four ecosystem states and discuss potential trade‐offs.

We identified 39 ecosystem services potentially provided by shallow lakes. Submerged macrophytes facilitate most of the supporting (86%) and cultural (63%) services, emergent macrophytes facilitate most regulating services (60%), and both emergent and floating macrophytes facilitate most provisioning services (63%). Phytoplankton dominance supports fewer ecosystem services, and contributes most to provisioning services (42%).

The shallow lake ecosystem services we identified could be linked to 10 different SDGs, notably zero hunger (SDG 2), clean water and sanitation (SDG 6), sustainable cities and communities (SDG 11), and climate action (SDG13).

We highlighted several trade‐offs (1) among ecosystem services, (2) within ecosystem services, and (3) between ecosystem services across ecosystems. These trade‐offs can have significant ecological and economic consequences that may be prevented by early identification in water quality management.

In conclusion, common stable states in shallow lakes provide a different and diverse set of ecosystem services with numerous links to the majority of SDGs. Conserving and restoring ecosystem states should account for potential trade‐offs between ecosystem services and preserving the natural value of shallow lakes.
Respiratory viruses in pediatric emergency department patients and their family members
Authors: Matienzo Nelsa , Youssef Mariam M. , Comito Devon , Lane Benjamin , Ligon Chanel , Morita Haruka , Winchester Arianna , Decker Mary E. , Dayan Peter , Shopsin Bo , Shaman Jeffrey 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory viral infections account for a substantial fraction of pediatric emergency department (ED) visits. We examined the epidemiological patterns of seven common respiratory viruses in children presenting to EDs with influenza‐like illness (ILI). Additionally, we examined the co‐occurrence of viral infections in the accompanying adults and risk factors associated with the acquisition of these viruses.MethodsNasopharyngeal swab were collected from children seeking medical care for ILI and their accompanying adults (Total N = 1315). Study sites included New York Presbyterian, Bellevue, and Tisch hospitals in New York City. PCR using a respiratory viral panel was conducted, and data on symptoms and medical history were collected.ResultsRespiratory viruses were detected in 399 children (62.25%) and 118 (17.5%) accompanying adults. The most frequent pathogen detected was human rhinovirus (HRV) (28.81%). Co‐infection rates were 14.79% in children and 8.47% in adults. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza infections occurred more often in younger children. Influenza and HRV occurred more often in older children. Influenza and coronavirus were mostly isolated in winter and spring, RSV in fall and winter and HRV in fall and spring. Children with HRV were more likely to have history of asthma. Adults with the same virus as their child often accompanied ≤ 2‐year‐old‐positive children and were more likely to be symptomatic compared to adults with different viruses.ConclusionsRespiratory viruses, while presenting the same suite of symptoms, possess distinct seasonal cycles and affect individuals differently based on a number of identifiable factors, including age and history of asthma.
Procedural fairness enacted by societal actors increases social trust and social acceptance among ethnic minority members through the promotion of sense of societal belonging
Authors: Valcke Barbara , Van Hiel Alain , Onraet Emma , Dierckx Kim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough procedural fairness has been studied frequently during the past decades, little work has focused explicitly on how procedural fairness affects members of ethnic minorities in the context of multicultural decision‐making processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate how perceptions of procedurally fair treatment of fellow minority members by societal actors impact the individual’s sense of societal belongingness, which we define as the feeling that he/she is a valued member of society at large, and how this in turn is related to social trust and social well‐being. Three samples of African American and Hispanic American respondents from the United States were collected (total N = 570). Two experimental studies and one questionnaire study were conducted. Experimental manipulation of procedural fairness climate was shown to impact sense of societal belongingness among minority members (Study 1), whereas manipulating sense of societal belongingness itself led to an increase in social trust and social acceptance (Study 2). Study 3 (A self‐report survey), finally, affirmed the entire hypothesized mediation model. The present research provides further evidence for the importance of procedural fairness for ethnic minorities. Our research showed that when societal actors enact procedural fairness they may strengthen minority members’ societal belongingness, which in turn may influence their social trust and feelings of being socially accepted.
Prospective audit of the safety of endoscopist‐directed nurse‐administered propofol sedation in an Australian referral hospital
Authors: Gururatsakul Montri , Lee Richard , Ponnuswamy Sureshkumar Kallippatti , Gilhotra Rajit , McGowan Cathal , Whittaker Debra , Ombiga John , Boyd Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopist directed nurse administered propofol sedation (EDNAPS) is widely considered to be safe and efficient, but there are limited data from the Australian health‐care setting, and Australian sedation guidelines do not support the practice. Thus, we report data from a prospective audit of EDNAPS over a 6.5‐year period in an Australian referral hospital.MethodsConsecutive endoscopic procedures performed between January 2013 and June 2019. Sedation protocol was an initial dose of midazolam 1–3 mg intravenously (i.v.) and propofol 10–50 mg i.v.. Further aliquots of propofol 10–30 mg i.v. were given as required. ProvationMD® endoscopic reporting system was used to prospectively record patient demographics, medication and dose, American Society of Anesthesiologist's (ASA) class, and sedation‐related complications.ResultsDuring the 78‐month period, 28 051 eligible procedures were performed; 3093 procedures performed with anesthetic support or without EDNAPS were excluded. In total, 24 958 procedures with EDNAPS were analyzed including 7563 gastroscopies, 12 941 colonoscopies, 2932 gastroscopy and colonoscopy, 1440 flexible sigmoidoscopies, and 82 combined gastroscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy. Of these, 9539 were ASA 1 (38.2%), 13 680 were ASA 2 (54.8%), 1733 were ASA 3 (6.9%), and 4 were ASA 4 (0.02%). Sedation‐related complications occurred in 66 patients (0.26%), predominantly transient hypoxic episodes. No patient required intubation for an airway emergency, and there was no sedation‐related mortality. Sedation‐related complications increased with ASA class and were significantly more common with gastroscopy.ConclusionsEndoscopist directed nurse administered propofol sedation is a safe way of performing endoscopic sedation in low‐risk patients in the hospital setting.