bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnolinguistic diversity in New Zealand: A socioeconomic analysis
Authors: Buckingham Louisa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Changes in New Zealand’s immigration policy from the 1980s onwards contributed to growing diversity in the source country of migrants, and has transformed the ethnolinguistic composition of the country’s population in recent decades. The number of people who speak non-official languages is increasing, while the proportion of the English-speaking monolingual population is gradually decreasing. Many immigrants have been unable to integrate into the local labour market at levels commensurate with their qualifications and prior experience, however, and previous studies have noted the institutional and attitudinal hurdles to their integration. This study employs data from five censuses between 1996 and 2018 to explore the socio-economic characteristics of individuals who speak non-official languages (grouped according to the extent of their reported multilingualism), compared with monolingual English speakers and the total population. Competence in non-official languages is increasingly becoming an Asian-related phenomenon in terms of birthplace and ethnic and religious affiliations. The more multilingual cohorts displayed substantially higher levels of educational qualifications than other groups, and a strong increase in the proportion employed over this timespan. Modest income levels nevertheless indicate enduring underemployment. Indicators from the last two census years suggest improved workplace integration of ethnolinguistically diverse individuals.
Evaluation of heart rate variability, blood pressure and lipid profile alterations from dual transceiver mobile phone radiation exposure
Authors: Dauda Usman Jamil , Umar Isyaku Mikail , Fasanmade Adesoji Adedipe 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Electromagnetic fields have been reported to alter electrical activities in the brain and heart. However, there is paucity of information on the potential functional alterations that magnetic fields from mobile phone could cause to the heart. This study investigated heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile in Wistar rats exposed to electromagnetic field radiation from a dual transceiver mobile phone (DTrMP).

Methods
Twenty-one male albino Wistar rats (140–180 g) were randomly assigned to two major groups positioned 5 m apart as follows: control: no phone (n=7) and treatment group (n=14) continuously exposed to electromagnetic field from Tecno T312 DTrMP 900/1800 MHz set in silence mode. Experimental treatment consisted in 10 min calls/day, directed to this device for a period of six weeks. Seven animals from the treatment group were allowed to recover for a period of two weeks after exposure. HRV, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial BP were noninvasively investigated, while serum lipid profile and heart tissue nitric oxide (NO) activities were determined using standard procedures.

Results
There was significant (p<0.05) increase in systolic, diastolic, mean arterial BP and a decrease in HRV. Serum high density lipoproteins decreased, while total cholesterol, atherogenic indices, and heart NO levels increased significantly in the radiation exposed animals. The alterations observed in exposed animals remained unchanged even after the recovery period.

Conclusions
These results suggest that exposure to electromagnetic radiation from dual transceiver mobile phones could be a risk factor to increase in blood pressure.
Influence of Kerr nonlinearity on group delay and modal dispersion parameters of single-mode graded index fibers: evaluation by a simple but accurate method
Authors: Mukherjee Tilak , Majumdar Angshuman , Gangopadhyay Sankar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper reports simple but accurate analytical expressions of group delay and modal dispersion parameters for single-mode graded index fibers over a wide range of V numbers. The formulation employs power series expression for the fundamental modal field of graded index fiber derived by Chebyshev formalism. Choosing some typical step, parabolic and triangular index fibers as examples in our present study, we use the prescribed formulations to estimate group delay and modal dispersion parameters of those fibers both in presence and absence of Kerr nonlinearity. Iterative technique is applied for prediction of concerned propagation parameters in presence of Kerr nonlinearity. Our results show excellent agreement with the numerical exact ones both in absence and presence of Kerr nonlinearity. The exact results in case of Kerr nonlinearity are obtained using cumbersome finite element method. The execution of our accurate formalism involves little computation and is thus user friendly for technologists and researchers working in the field of nonlinear optical engineering.
Starting a regional collaborative research group for COVID-19 in pregnancy: the Southern Michigan experience
Authors: Bahado-Singh Ray , Hassan Sonia S. , Szymanska Marta , Sokol Robert J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 elicited a surge in publications. Obstetric reports were with few exceptions characterized by small sample sizes with potentially limited generalizability. In this review, evidence suggests increased susceptibility to COVID-19 in pregnancy; common pregnancy comorbidities may help explain worse outcomes. While the risk of death is low, pregnancy may be associated with increased need for ventilation. Prematurity rates seem to be increased but may be accounted for in part by higher cesarean rates, to a large degree accounted for by elective decision to shorten the course of the labor. Though fetal/neonatal complication rates may be higher in the presence of COVID-19 infection, survival rates seem unaffected and vertical transmission is rare. As the outbreak continues in the USA with resurgence in many other western countries that achieved initial success in suppressing the virus, much remains to be learned. For example, the question related to the degree to pregnancy modifying symptomatology remains open. Currently, routine polymerase chain reaction testing remains limited by supply shortages possibly delaying diagnosis until later in the course of the disorder and thus altering the symptom complex at presentation. To add to the knowledge base, we initiated a regional COVID-19 in pregnancy collaborative observational study with a coordinating center, standardized data collection and a shared database. This was facilitated by a longstanding tradition of collaboration among regional obstetric services. Over an anticipated two-year study duration, we expect to study 400 documented and suspected COVID-19 pregnancies with time and site of services controls for cohort effect and high power to detect several adverse maternal/infant outcomes. We include a complete listing of variables in our database, which, along with our experience in setting up our regional collaborative, we hope and believe will be of use in other settings.
What Practitioners can Teach Academics about Tort Litigation: Auto Accidents from the Plaintiff’s Counsel
Authors: Cooper Scott B. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
When first hearing about a car accident and injuries many people, including academics, do not realize all of the issues that need to be considered when evaluating and reviewing whether a tort case can be filed. The various areas of investigation are discussed as well as other subtle areas, including the client background, that need to be considered before pursuing the case. In addition, alternative ways to resolve a car accident case are discussed.
Prolegomena zu einer digitalen althistorischen Gewaltforschung: Gewaltmuster bei Solon, Alkibiades und Arat im Vergleich
Authors: Riess Werner 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Gewaltforschung nimmt seit ca. 20 Jahren auch in der Alten Geschichte einen ihr gebührenden Platz ein. Dabei kann mittlerweile mit digitalen Methoden auf die ‚big data‘ der antiken Quellen (Literatur, Inschriften, Münzen, Papyri) zugegriffen werden. An der Universität Hamburg entsteht derzeit das Informationssystem ERIS: Hamburg Information System on the Representation of Greek and Roman Violence, das alle Erwähnungen bzw. Beschreibungen von Gewalt in der antiken Historiographie und Biographie mit soziologischen Parametern annotiert und somit ein großes Quellencorpus auf elektronischem Wege thematisch suchbar macht. Die folgende Machbarkeitsstudie, auch Methodensicherungsinstrument genannt (‚proof of concept/principle‘), wird anhand des Vergleichs dreier Plutarch-Viten die Leistungsfähigkeit des Systems erweisen: Die Bestätigung bekannter Sachverhalte mit einer neuen Methode lässt hoffen, dass das System auch bei der Suche in größeren Datenbeständen, die nicht mehr durch die Leseleistung eines Individuums erschlossen werden können, zu sinnhaften und validen Ergebnissen führt. Im Folgenden wird dargelegt, wie ERIS Fragestellungen der Gewaltsoziologie sowie der Alten Geschichte aufgreift und mit den Potentialen der Digital Humanities verknüpft und weiterführt.
Radiation-modified wool for adsorption of redox metals and potentially for nanoparticles
Authors: Porubská Mária , Jomová Klaudia , Lapčík Ľubomír , Braniša Jana 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Electron beam irradiated sheep wool with absorbed radiation doses ranging from 0 to 165 kGy showed good adsorption properties toward copper cations. The Cu(ii) being Lewis acid generated several types of complex salts based on carboxylates or cysteinates with ligands available in keratin. Under these conditions, cross-links were formed between the keratin chains. Experimental data obtained from Cu(ii) adsorption using the concentration of 800–5,000 mg/L were tested for fitting to 10 isotherm models. Various compositions and architectures of the Cu(ii)-complexes were specified to be responsible for different isotherm model fittings. The copper cation showed adherence to Langmuir, Flory–Huggins, and partially Redlich–Peterson models. The latter clearly distinguished the native wool from the modified ones. Another aim is to investigate the conditions for the adsorption of anti-microbial nanoparticles in addition to the redox-active metals on radiation-modified wool taking into account that the diffusion of nanoparticles into the modified wool is governed by electrostatic interactions.
Hydration activity, crystal structural, and electronic properties studies of Ba-doped dicalcium silicate
Authors: Chi Lin , Zhang Ailian , Qiu Zedong , Zhang Linchun , Wang Zheng , Lu Shuang , Zhao Dezhi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
High belite cement has a wide application potential due to its low energy consumption, low CO2 emission, and excellent durability performance. Due to the low hydration rate and strength development at an early age, the activation of beta-dicalcium silicate (β-C2S) crystallographic structure is essential to improve the early strength of high belite cement. In this study, the β-C2S phase is activated by dissolving Ba2+ ions into the crystal lattice to improve the hydration rate. Unlike the traditional analysis methods of thermodynamics and dynamics theory, the first principle and density functional theory were applied to study the effect of Ba2+ ions on the activation of β-C2S, especially on the crystallographic structure, lattice parameters, and electronic structure change. The crystallographic structure of β-C2S can be activated by doping Ba atom and the crystal formation energy increases and the bandgap between VBM and CBM become narrow in the activated β-C2S crystallographic structure. Comparing the Ca2+ substitution in [CaO6] or [CaO8], the lattice deformation and hydraulic reactivity is more significant in Ba2-C2S and Ba22-C2S. The first principle and density functional theory explains the change of the electronic structure of the activated crystallographic structure and provides a theoretical basis for the purposeful design of material structures.
Evaluation of U(VI) adsorption from Ca2+ coexisted bicarbonate solution by synthetic inorganic and mineral materials
Authors: Liu Jun , Shi Shilong , Yin XiaoYu , Jin Yong , Lu Chunhai , Zhang Qingxian , Yang Jijun , Liao Jiali , Yang Yuanyou , Liu Chunhai , Liu Ning 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Part weakly alkaline natural uranium-containing water contains abundant Ca2+ and (bi)carbonate. Herein, two kinds of materials, namely mesoporous hydrous manganese dioxide (MHMO) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/dolomite composites were synthesized and characterized to evaluate their adsorption behaviors of U(VI) from Ca2+ coexisted bicarbonate solution. Characterization results showed that both samples exhibited good structural stability after U(VI) load. MHMO could coordinate U(VI) through the surface –OH sites, whereas an unfavorable U(VI) adsorption onto mineral composites was deduced. Adsorption tests indicated that increasing Ca2+ and (bi)carbonate amounts suppress U(VI) adsorption process, and ∼19.0 mg/g U adsorbed by MHMO could be obtained in solutions with 1 mmol/L [Ca2+], 5 mmol/L [CO3]T, 50 mg/L [U(VI)]initial at pH 8.0. Moreover, a heterogeneous surface chemical adsorption was verified through kinetics and isotherms study. Results from our study should be useful in exploring the adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of U(VI) on selected inorganic and mineral materials from natural uranium-containing water.
Leveraging Flexible Smart Manufacturing to Accelerate Industrial Supply Chain Recovery
Authors: Terry Shane , Nagapurkar Prashant , Das Sujit 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Any major crisis such as the latest coronavirus disease pandemic will have a monumental effect on the worldwide economy and on the international supply chain. Much of the global supply chain relies on China, Germany, and the United States for manufacturing and distribution; this fragile system is subject to failure. Climactic changes in demand and rapid shortages in necessities are the results of the pandemic’s disruption. The recovery forecast for the ongoing pandemic is uncertain and, therefore, any recovery effort will need to be adaptable to build the supply chain resiliency. A wide adoption of flexible smart automated technologies in the manufacturing sector are helping to build robust supply chains and assisting in recovery. In this work, a brief discussion of these smart manufacturing technologies is presented, along with a list of potential supply chain issues and corresponding solutions. Such smart manufacturing technologies possess the potential to empower and revolutionize the traditional manufacturing environment by enhancing its resiliency and flexibility. These smart technologies will play a crucial role in accelerating the worldwide supply chain recovery in and after a pandemic.
Hippocampal Theta Oscillations Support Successful Associative Memory Formation
Authors: Kota Srinivas , Rugg Michael D. , Lega Bradley C. 
Published: November 2020

Models of memory formation posit that episodic memory formation depends critically on the hippocampus, which binds features of an event to its context. For this reason, the contrast between study items that are later recollected with their associative pair versus those for which no association is made should reveal electrophysiological patterns in the hippocampus selectively involved in associative memory encoding. Extensive data from studies in rodents support a model in which theta oscillations fulfill this role, but results in humans have not been as clear. Here, we used an associative recognition memory procedure to identify hippocampal correlates of successful associative memory encoding and retrieval in patients (10 females and 9 males) undergoing intracranial EEG monitoring. We identified a dissociation between 2–5 Hz and 5–9 Hz theta oscillations, by which power increases in 2–5 Hz oscillations were uniquely linked with successful associative memory in both the anterior and posterior hippocampus. These oscillations exhibited a significant phase reset that also predicted successful associative encoding and distinguished recollected from nonrecollected items at retrieval, as well as contributing to relatively greater reinstatement of encoding-related patterns for recollected versus nonrecollected items. Our results provide direct electrophysiological evidence that 2–5 Hz hippocampal theta oscillations preferentially support the formation of associative memories, although we also observed memory-related effects in the 5–9 Hz frequency range using measures such as phase reset and reinstatement of oscillatory activity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTModels of episodic memory encoding predict that theta oscillations support the formation of interitem associations. We used an associative recognition task designed to elicit strong hippocampal activation to test this prediction in human neurosurgical patients implanted with intracranial electrodes. The findings suggest that 2–5 Hz theta oscillatory power and phase reset in the hippocampus are selectively associated with associative memory judgments. Furthermore, reinstatement of oscillatory patterns in the hippocampus was stronger for successful recollection. Collectively, the findings support a role for hippocampal theta oscillations in human associative memory.
CaMKIIα-Positive Interneurons Identified via a microRNA-Based Viral Gene Targeting Strategy
Authors: Keaveney Marianna K. , Rahsepar Bahar , Tseng Hua-an , Fernandez Fernando R. , Mount Rebecca A. , Ta Tina , White John A. , Berg Jim , Han Xue 
Published: November 2020

Single-cell analysis is revealing increasing diversity in gene expression profiles among brain cells. Traditional promotor-based viral gene expression techniques, however, cannot capture the growing variety among single cells. We demonstrate a novel viral gene expression strategy to target cells with specific miRNA expression using miRNA-guided neuron tags (mAGNET). We designed mAGNET viral vectors containing a CaMKIIα promoter and microRNA-128 (miR-128) binding sites, and labeled CaMKIIα+cells with naturally low expression of miR-128 (Lm128C cells) in male and female mice. Although CaMKIIα has traditionally been considered as an excitatory neuron marker, our single-cell sequencing results reveal that Lm128C cells are CaMKIIα+inhibitory neurons of parvalbumin or somatostatin subtypes. Further evaluation of the physiological properties of Lm128C cell in brain slices showed that Lm128C cells exhibit elevated membrane excitability, with biophysical properties closely resembling those of fast-spiking interneurons, consistent with previous transcriptomic findings of miR-128 in regulating gene networks that govern membrane excitability. To further demonstrate the utility of this new viral expression strategy, we expressed GCaMP6f in Lm128C cells in the superficial layers of the motor cortex and performedin vivocalcium imaging in mice during locomotion. We found that Lm128C cells exhibit elevated calcium event rates and greater intrapopulation correlation than the overall CaMKIIα+cells during movement. In summary, the miRNA-based viral gene targeting strategy described here allows us to label a sparse population of CaMKIIα+interneurons for functional studies, providing new capabilities to investigate the relationship between gene expression and physiological properties in the brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe report the discovery of a class of CaMKIIα+cortical interneurons, labeled via a novel miRNA-based viral gene targeting strategy, combinatorial to traditional promoter-based strategies. The fact that we found a small, yet distinct, population of cortical inhibitory neurons that express CaMKIIα demonstrates that CaMKIIα is not as specific for excitatory neurons as commonly believed. As single-cell sequencing tools are providing increasing insights into the gene expression diversity of neurons, including miRNA profile data, we expect that the miRNA-based gene targeting strategy presented here can help delineate many neuron populations whose physiological properties can be readily related to the miRNA gene regulatory networks.
Using Drosophila melanogaster To Discover Human Disease Genes: An Educational Primer for Use with “Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Modifiers in Drosophila Reveal the Phospholipase D Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Target”
Authors: Banerjee Surya , Benji Shimshon , Liberow Sarah , Steinhauer Josefa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Since the dawn of the 20th century, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been used as a model organism to understand the nature of genes and how they control development, behavior, and physiology. One of the most powerful experimental approaches employed in Drosophila is the forward genetic screen. In the 21st century, genome-wide screens have become popular tools for identifying evolutionarily conserved genes involved in complex human diseases. In the accompanying article “Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Modifiers in Drosophila Reveal the Phospholipase D Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Target,” Kankel and colleagues describe a forward genetic modifier screen to discover factors that contribute to the severe neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This primer briefly traces the history of genetic screens in Drosophila and introduces students to ALS. We then provide a set of guided reading questions to help students work through the data presented in the research article. Finally, several ideas for literature-based research projects are offered as opportunities for students to expand their appreciation of the potential scope of genetic screens. The primer is intended to help students and instructors thoroughly examine a current study that uses forward genetics in Drosophila to identify human disease genes.
The Effectiveness of Working Memory Training for Children With Low Working Memory
Authors: Spencer-Smith Megan , Quach Jon , Mensah Fiona , Roberts Gehan , Gathercole Susan , Wake Melissa , Anderson Peter J. 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Subgroups of children may benefit more from working memory training than others. In this study, we aimed to examine whether response to the Cogmed Working Memory Training program differed for children with low IQ and elevated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, emotional and behavioral symptoms, special health care needs, or by sex.

METHODS:
We used data from the Memory Maestros trial, a population-based randomized controlled trial of the Cogmed program delivered at school (n = 226) compared to usual teaching (n = 226) in grade 1 children (mean age 6.9 years; SD 0.4) with low working memory. Cogmed comprises 20 to 25 sessions of 45-minute duration over 5 to 7 weeks. Children completed subtests from the Automated Working Memory Assessment to measure change in working memory from baseline to 6 months postrandomization.

RESULTS:
After training, improved working memory standard scores (&gt;1 SD) from baseline to 6 months were observed for approximately one-third of the children, with more than half maintaining stable scores (within 1 SD). However, similar outcomes were observed for children receiving usual teaching. Differential effect of Cogmed versus usual teaching was evident for children with elevated hyperactivity and/or inattention, who were less likely to show improved visuospatial working memory, but not for other subgroups studied.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children with elevated hyperactivity and/or inattention were less likely to show clinically meaningful improvement after Cogmed; however, differential effects were not evident for children with low IQ and elevated emotional and behavioral symptoms, special health care needs, or by sex. More research is needed to determine if training can improve working memory and, if so, for whom.