bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External information sourcing and lead-time advantage in product innovation
Authors: Van Criekingen Kristof 
Published: June 2020

PurposeHaving a short throughput time for innovation projects, i.e. lead-time, can put firms in an advantageous position. The time that lapses between a project’s start and its completion, is influenced not only by the firm's internal capabilities but also by how the firm connects to external knowledge. This paper assesses the relation between knowledge sourcing and lead-time advantage.Design/methodology/approachThis paper empirically tests the relation between external knowledge sourcing and lead-time advantage based on firm level Community Innovation Survey (CIS) data.FindingsI find that breadth and depth of the external knowledge sourcing are positively relating to lead-time advantage, albeit with diminishing returns. Investment into absorptive capacity, i.e. internal R&D, mitigates the diminishing of returns. Firms directing their external knowledge sourcing strategy toward consumers, suppliers and science are better able to capitalize on their innovations through lead-time advantages and firms also benefit from the special case of collaboration for product development.Originality/valueThe conceptual novelty of this research largely consists in empirically bringing together for the first time conceptualizations of external knowledge sourcing and the strategic use of lead-time. Given the prevalence of both concepts in the modern and fast changing economy, investigating this link is of great importance.
Investigating apology, perceived firm remorse and consumers’ coping behaviors in the digital media service recovery context
Authors: Wang Kai-Yu , Chih Wen-Hai , Hsu Li-Chun , Lin Wei-Ching 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis research investigates whether and how perceived firm remorse (PFR) influences consumers’ coping behaviors in the digital media service recovery context. It also examines how an apology should be delivered to generate PFR.Design/methodology/approachIn Study 1, 452 mobile application service users were recruited for a survey study, and Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the research hypotheses. In Study 2, 1,255 mobile application service users were recruited for an experimental study.FindingsStudy 1 shows that PFR negatively influences blame attribution and positively influences emotional empathy. Emotional empathy negatively affects coping behaviors. According to this study, blame attribution and emotional empathy do not have any serial mediation effect on the relationship between PFR and coping behaviors. Only emotional empathy mediates the effect of PFR on coping behaviors. Study 2 finds that response time and apology mode jointly influence PFR.Research limitations/implicationsThis research establishes the relationship between PFR and coping behaviors and shows the mediating role of emotional empathy in this relationship.Practical implicationsService providers should consider response time and apology mode, as the two factors jointly influence the extent of PFR, which affects consumers’ coping behaviors through emotional empathy. A grace period, in which PFR does not decrease, is present when a public apology is offered. Such an effect does not exist when a private apology is offered.Originality/valueThis research explains how PFR influences coping behaviors and demonstrates how apology mode moderates the effect of response time on PFR in the digital media service recovery context.
The association between voluntary disclosure in audit committee reports and banks’ earnings management
Authors: Sahyoun Najib , Magnan Michel 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the relation between voluntary disclosure (VD) in audit committee reports and banks’ earnings management. It investigates whether such disclosure reflects an attempt by audit committees to engage in impression management.Design/methodology/approachThe study considers top US bank holding companies from 2006 to 2015. The authors develop a scoring grid to measure VD in audit committee reports. The scoring grid is based on recommendations from 10 industry and governance organizations’ reports that analyzed audit committee disclosures. Multivariate regression analyzes are used in this paper.FindingsDescriptive statistics reveal that the level of VD in audit committee reports did not increase significantly from 2006 to 2015. Multivariate analyzes indicate that whenever banks’ level of earnings management is high, audit committees increase the extent of their VDs in their reports. The authors infer from this finding that audit committees are using VDs as a vehicle for impression management.Originality/valueThis paper sheds light onto the motives behind audit committees’ VDs. The evidence, which is consistent with impression management by audit committees in their report, also provides further background to the Securities and Exchange Commission’s recent initiative to enhance VDs in the audit committee report.
Key factors influencing word-of-mouth intentions: the case of college freshmen in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Chia-Lin , Pan Yen-Jung , Yan Qiao-Wen , Yan Min-Ren 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
This study aims to examine the key determinants of word-of-mouth intentions among freshmen in a Taiwanese college. It investigates the causal relationships among different indicators of organizational sustainable development.

Design/methodology/approach
An empirical study is conducted on a sample of 3,159 college freshmen. A survey instrument with 41 measurement items are used to recognize the implementation of management practices at the college level. Descriptive statistical and multiple regression analyzes are performed to analyze the data, using SPSS software.

Findings
The results show that course identity, professional identity toward teachers, self-identity, learning attitude and satisfaction have a positive and significant impact on word-of-mouth intentions. Among these, satisfaction is the most crucial influencing factor. Colleges, particularly Taiwanese colleges competing in the field of higher education, must identify critical factors influencing the implementation of management practices to increase performance.

Practical implications
This study’s findings make a valuable contribution to understanding management practices in Taiwanese colleges. In addition, they serve as important guidelines for Taiwanese colleges to implement management practices effectively. The findings can also help improve organizational sustainable development, in view of the new insights they offer on the topic of the determinants of word-of-mouth intentions among Taiwanese college freshmen.

Originality/value
This study contributes to management practices in Taiwan-based colleges. It provides crucial information for decision-makers involved in the implementation of management practices in colleges and serves as a useful reference for further research in this area.
Bridging the gap between management and finance: entrepreneurial orientation and idiosyncratic risk
Authors: Kihm Steve , Kamal Rashiqa 
Published: June 2020

PurposeManagement theorists suggest that entrepreneurially oriented firms manifest higher risk levels than more conservative companies, but executives of such firms and their consultants argue that the opposite is true. The purpose of this paper is to explore this issue and examine the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and idiosyncratic risk of firms.Design/methodology/approachContent analysis is applied to the 2018 third-quarter earnings call transcripts for 992 companies to measure five factors attributed to entrepreneurially oriented firms: autonomy, competitive aggressiveness, innovation, proactiveness and risk-taking, and their relationship to firm-level idiosyncratic risk. Multivariate regression analysis is used to examine the effect of these factors on measures of idiosyncratic risk obtained from the Wharton Research database Service's Beta Suite.FindingsResults show that firms whose executives frequently use terms related to risk-taking tend to manifest higher levels of idiosyncratic risk, but those firms whose executives stress innovation-related terms tend to have lower levels of idiosyncratic risk. The degree to which executives use words related to the three other entrepreneurial orientation factors show no associations with idiosyncratic risk.Practical implicationsThe results might suggest to managers which of the individual components of entrepreneurial orientation, if adopted, are likely to affect firm-specific risk and in what way.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to attempt to bridge the gap between the management concept of entrepreneurial orientation and the financial concept of idiosyncratic risk by studying the possible relationship between the two. The research also uses the novel methodology of applying content analysis to earnings call transcripts, which is uncommon in finance research.
AI strategy of India: policy framework, adoption challenges and actions for government
Authors: Chatterjee Sheshadri 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to provide recommendations for policy framework on artificial intelligence (AI) in India.

Design/methodology/approach
Studies have been conducted through focus group discussion and the other sources such as different company websites using AI, Indian Government strategy reports on AI, literature studies, different policies implemented on AI in different locations and other relevant documents. After those studies, a charter of recommendation has been provided. This will help the authority to frame the AI policy for India.

Findings
This study highlights that “National Strategy for AI” for India needs improvement to provide comprehensive inputs for framing policy on AI. This study also implies that focus is to be given on security, privacy issues including issues of governance.

Research limitations/implications
AI-related technology has immense potential toward the development of organizations. This study implies the necessity of framing a comprehensive policy on AI for India. If there is a comprehensive policy on AI for India, the Indian industries will derive many benefits.

Practical implications
This study provides inputs on how the industries of India can be benefitted with the help of AI and how R&D can develop the AI activities to harness maximum benefits from this innovative technology.

Social implications
AI-related policy will have appreciable influence on the society in terms of human–device interactions and communications. The policy framework on AI for India is expected to project far-reaching effects toward deriving benefits to the society.

Originality/value
This paper has taken a holistic and unique attempt to provide inputs to the policymakers for framing a comprehensive and meaningful policy on AI for India.
Utility of urinary organic anion transporter 5 as an early biomarker of obstructive nephropathy
Authors: Campagno Romina V. , Nosetto Evangelina C. , Brandoni Anabel , Torres Adriana M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUreteral obstruction is a relevant cause of kidney damage. The traditional parameters used in clinical practice for the detection of renal injury are insensitive and non‐specific for the diagnosis of obstructive renal disease. The organic anion transporter 5 (Oat5) is a carrier expressed exclusively in the kidney. In this study, the Oat5 urinary excretion (Oat5u) was evaluated as a potential biomarker of obstructive nephropathy, comparing it with traditional markers of renal function and with neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin in urine (NGALu), a more recent biomarker of renal pathology. Bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO) was induced in male Wistar rats, by complete ligation of ureters for 1 hour (BUO1), 2 hours (BUO2), 5 hours (BUO5), or 24 hours (BUO24). After 24 hours of ureteral releasing, urea and creatinine plasma concentrations, creatinine clearance, urinary total proteins, urinary glucose, and alkaline phosphatase activities in urine were evaluated. Oat5 and NGAL levels were assessed in urine samples by immunoblotting. All parameters of renal function were altered in the BUO24 and some also in BUO5, while the Oat5u increased in all of the experimental groups analyzed. After a long time of ureteral obstruction (BUO24), the urinary excretion of Oat5 markedly increased, in parallel with the alteration in the other parameters evaluated. Nevertheless, in BUO1 and BUO2, Oat5u appeared as the only parameter modified. Therefore, Oat5u could be proposed as a novel early biomarker of ureteral obstruction, with the additional potential to inform about the severity of the obstructive injury suffered by the kidney.
Carboxylesterase genes in nitenpyram‐resistant brown planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Mao Kaikai , Ren Zhijie , Li Wenhao , Cai Tingwei , Qin Xueying , Wan Hu , Jin Byung Rae , He Shun , Li Jianhong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCarboxylesterases (CarEs) represent one of the major detoxification enzyme families involved in insecticide resistance. However, the function of specific CarE genes in insecticide resistance is still unclear in the insect Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), a notorious rice crop pest in Asia. In this study, a total of 29 putative CarE genes in N. lugens were identified, and they were divided into seven clades; further, the β‐esterase clade was significantly expanded. Tissue‐specific expression analysis found that 17 CarE genes were abundantly distributed in the midgut and fat body, while 12 CarE genes were highly expressed in the head. The expression of most CarE genes was significantly induced in response to the challenge of nitenpyram, triflumezopyrim, chlorpyrifos, isoprocarb and etofenprox. Among these, the expression levels of NlCarE2, NlCarE4, NlCarE9, NlCarE17 and NlCarE24 were increased by each insecticide. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and RNA interference assays revealed the NlCarE1 gene to be a candidate gene mainly involved in nitenpyram resistance, while simultaneously silencing NlCarE1 and NlCarE19 produced a stronger effect than silencing either one individually, suggesting a cooperative relationship in resistance formation. These findings lay the foundation for further clarification of insecticide resistance mediated by CarE in N. lugens.
Effect of scaling back punishment on racial and ethnic disparities in criminal case outcomes
Authors: MacDonald John , Raphael Steven 
Published: June 2020

Research SummaryIn late 2014, California voters passed Proposition 47 that redefined a set of less serious felony drug and property offenses as misdemeanors. We examine how racial and ethnic disparities in criminal court dispositions in San Francisco change in the years before (2010–2014) and after (2015–2016) the passage of Proposition 47. We decompose disparities in court dispositions into components resulting from racial/ethnic differences in offense characteristics, involvement in the criminal justice system at the time of arrest, pretrial detention, criminal history, and the residual unexplained component. Before and after Proposition 47, case characteristics explain nearly all of the observable disparities in court dispositions between racial and ethnic groups. After the passage of Proposition 47, however, there is a narrowing of disparities in convictions and incarceration sentences that is driven by lesser weight placed on criminal history, active criminal justice status, and pretrial detention in effecting court dispositionsPolicy ImplicationsThe findings from this study suggest that policy reforms that scale back the severity of punishment for criminal history and active criminal justice status for less serious felony offenses may help narrow inter‐racial and inter‐ethnic inequalities in criminal court dispositions. Efforts to reduce racial and ethnic inequalities in mass incarceration in other states should consider reforms that reduce the weight that criminal history, pretrial detention, and active probation status has on criminal defendants’ eligibility for prison for less serious drug and property offenses.
Distribution of ACE2, CD147, CD26, and other SARS‐CoV‐2 associated molecules in tissues and immune cells in health and in asthma, COPD, obesity, hypertension, and COVID‐19 risk factors
Authors: Radzikowska Urszula , Ding Mei , Tan Ge , Zhakparov Damir , Peng Yaqi , Wawrzyniak Paulina , Wang Ming , Li Shuo , Morita Hideaki , Altunbulakli Can , Reiger Matthias , Neumann Avidan U. , Lunjani Nonhlanhla , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia , Nadeau Kari C. , O’Mahony Liam , Akdis Cezmi , Sokolowska Milena 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMorbidity and mortality from COVID‐19 caused by novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 is accelerating worldwide, and novel clinical presentations of COVID‐19 are often reported. The range of human cells and tissues targeted by SARS‐CoV‐2, its potential receptors and associated regulating factors are still largely unknown. The aim of our study was to analyze the expression of known and potential SARS‐CoV‐2 receptors and related molecules in the extensive collection of primary human cells and tissues from healthy subjects of different age and from patients with risk factors and known comorbidities of COVID‐19.MethodsWe performed RNA sequencing and explored available RNA‐Seq databases to study gene expression and co‐expression of ACE2, CD147 (BSG), and CD26 (DPP4) and their direct and indirect molecular partners in primary human bronchial epithelial cells, bronchial and skin biopsies, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, whole blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), monocytes, neutrophils, DCs, NK cells, ILC1, ILC2, ILC3, CD4+and CD8+T cells, B cells, and plasmablasts. We analyzed the material from healthy children and adults, and from adults in relation to their disease or COVID‐19 risk factor status.ResultsACE2andTMPRSS2were coexpressed at the epithelial sites of the lung and skin, whereas CD147 (BSG), cyclophilins (PPIAandPPIB), CD26 (DPP4), and related molecules were expressed in both epithelium and in immune cells. We also observed a distinct age‐related expression profile of these genes in the PBMCs and T cells from healthy children and adults. Asthma, COPD, hypertension, smoking, obesity, and male gender status generally led to the higher expression of ACE2‐ and CD147‐related genes in the bronchial biopsy, BAL, or blood. Additionally, CD147‐related genes correlated positively with age and BMI. Interestingly, we also observed higher expression of CD147‐related genes in the lesional skin of patients with atopic dermatitis.ConclusionsOur data suggest different receptor repertoire potentially involved in the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection at the epithelial barriers and in the immune cells. Altered expression of these receptors related to age, gender, obesity and smoking, as well as with the disease status, might contribute to COVID‐19 morbidity and severity patterns.
Dismantling Restrictive Gender Norms: Can Better Designed Paternal Leave Policies Help?
Authors: Omidakhsh Negar , Sprague Aleta , Heymann Jody 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite global commitments and efforts, women's equality, particularly at work, has still not been fully realized. Here, we examine whether improved parental leave policies, implemented at the national level, that encourage fathers to participate in caregiving can be effective at reducing unequal gender norms surrounding work. We use data from 1995–2018 that are nationally representative for nine countries, and employ a difference‐in‐differences approach to estimate the effect that changing parental leave policies has on attitudes towards women's work. Our results indicate that changes to parental leave policy that incentivize or encourage fathers to take time off are associated with improvements in attitudes towards women's equality in the workplace. Specifically, we find that incentives for paternal leave stimulates egalitarian changes in attitudes among both men and women. Our study is the first to longitudinally investigate whether parental leave policies can influence gender equitable norms and our findings support the notion that egalitarian changes in policy can improve gender norms.
Personalised dosing of vancomycin: A prospective and retrospective comparative quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Vali Luqman , Jenkins David R. , Vaja Rakesh , Mulla Hussain 
Published: June 2020

AimsThe 2019 update to the US consensus guideline for vancomycin therapeutic monitoring advocates using Bayesian‐guided personalised dosing to maximise efficacy and minimise toxicity of vancomycin. We conducted an observational cohort study of the implementation of bed‐side Bayesian‐guided vancomycin dosing in vascular surgery patients.MethodsOver a 9‐month prospective study period, vascular surgery patients were dosed vancomycin using Bayesian‐guided dosing decision tool (DoseMeRx) and compared retrospectively with a control group admitted to the same ward in the 14 months prior to the study and dosed using a standard algorithmic approach. Primary endpoints were proportion of patients achieving mean area under the curve in 24 hours (AUC24) in the acceptable range 350–450 mg/L• h and percentage time in acceptable range (%TTR). Secondary endpoints focused on clinical outcomes including incidence of acute kidney injury.ResultsA significantly higher proportion of DoseMeRx patients achieved mean AUC24 values in the acceptable range compared to the control group; 71/104 (68.3%) vs 58/139 (41.7%), P < .005. The median %TTR was also greater in DoseMeRx patients compared to the control group (57.1 vs 30.0%, P < .00001). Patients in the DoseMeRx group missed an average of 0.23 doses per course compared to 1.04 doses in the control group (P < .00001). No difference was observed in secondary (clinical) outcomes between the 2 groups.ConclusionBedside Bayesian‐guided personalised dosing of vancomycin increases the proportion of patients achieving target AUC24 and the %TTR.
Ten‐year trend of opioid and nonopioid analgesic use in the French adult population
Authors: Daveluy Amélie , Micallef Joëlle , Sanchez‐Pena Paola , Miremont‐Salamé Ghada , Lassalle Régis , Lacueille Clémentine , Grelaud Angela , Corand Virginie , Victorri‐Vigneau Caroline , Batisse Anne , Le Boisselier Reynald , Peyrière Hélène , Frauger Elisabeth , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse , Haramburu Françoise 
Published: June 2020

AimsAnalgesics are the most widely used medicines worldwide. In parallel, opioid abuse has increased and is of major concern. The accessibility of pharmacologically powerful medicines and the addictovigilance signals in France about the risk of opiates addiction call for an overview of analgesic use. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of analgesics reimbursed in France over a 10‐year period through its prevalence.MethodsA cross‐sectional study repeated yearly was conducted by using data from the French reimbursement database from 2006 to 2015. Analgesics were classified according to their pharmacological potency: prevalence of use for each category and sociodemographic characteristics of patients treated were analysed.ResultsThe annual prevalence of analgesic use was high and increased during the study period (59.8%, 253 976 users in 2015). In 2015, prevalence was always higher in women and increased with age, except for those older than 84 years. Peripheral analgesics were the most used (55.3%, 234 739 users). The prevalence of weak analgesic use decreased (21.3%, 90 257 users), mainly due to the definitive withdrawal of dextropropoxyphene in France in 2011, which was not offset by an increase in the consumption of other weak analgesics. For strong analgesics (1.2%, 5129 users), morphine was the most widely used, with a dramatic increase in oxycodone use, especially in the elderly.ConclusionThe prevalence of analgesic use is high: approximately 31 million adults had at least 1 analgesic reimbursed in 2015. The most widely used analgesics were peripheral analgesics, far ahead of opioid analgesics.