bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Global Politics of Anti-Racism: A View from the Canal Zone
Authors: Herman Rebecca 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
During World War II, when Axis theories of racial supremacy became purported antonyms to Allied values, leaders of “non-white” countries gained a new framework for challenging a global order grounded in racialized notions of fitness for self-government. But the story is more complex than a sole focus on the international sphere allows, as those leaders who adopted anti-racist rhetoric to challenge their disadvantaged position in international politics were sometimes architects of racial hierarchy at home. This article examines how anti-racist struggles within Panama and the Canal Zone mapped onto the anti-imperialist project of a racist Panamanian state. Scholars of race and international relations have highlighted the challenges that anti-imperialist struggles posed to racialized criteria for international legitimacy, on the one hand, and the impact of geopolitical conflict on domestic struggles for racial equality, on the other. The view from the Canal Zone reveals the interplay between those two phenomena. Foregrounding Latin America in a history of the global politics of anti-racism precludes escape into binary visions of a world divided between colonizers and colonized, a racist Global North and an anti-racist Global South, or a tidy color line that splits humanity in two.
TRlnc: a comprehensive database for human transcriptional regulatory information of lncRNAs
Authors: Li Yanyu , Li Xuecang , Yang Yongsan , Li Meng , Qian Fengcui , Tang Zhidong , Zhao Jianmei , Zhang Jian , Bai Xuefeng , Jiang Yong , Zhou Jianyuan , Zhang Yuexin , Zhou Liwei , Xie Jianjun , Li Enmin , Wang Qiuyu , Li Chunquan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proven to play important roles in transcriptional processes and biological functions. With the increasing study of human diseases and biological processes, information in human H3K27ac ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq and DNase-seq datasets is accumulating rapidly, resulting in an urgent need to collect and process data to identify transcriptional regulatory regions of lncRNAs. We therefore developed a comprehensive database for human regulatory information of lncRNAs (TRlnc, http://bio.licpathway.net/TRlnc), which aimed to collect available resources of transcriptional regulatory regions of lncRNAs and to annotate and illustrate their potential roles in the regulation of lncRNAs in a cell type-specific manner. The current version of TRlnc contains 8 683 028 typical enhancers/super-enhancers and 32 348 244 chromatin accessibility regions associated with 91 906 human lncRNAs. These regions are identified from over 900 human H3K27ac ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq and DNase-seq samples. Furthermore, TRlnc provides the detailed genetic and epigenetic annotation information within transcriptional regulatory regions (promoter, enhancer/super-enhancer and chromatin accessibility regions) of lncRNAs, including common SNPs, risk SNPs, eQTLs, linkage disequilibrium SNPs, transcription factors, methylation sites, histone modifications and 3D chromatin interactions. It is anticipated that the use of TRlnc will help users to gain in-depth and useful insights into the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs.
PlasGUN: gene prediction in plasmid metagenomic short reads using deep learning
Authors: Fang Zhencheng , Tan Jie , Wu Shufang , Li Mo , Wang Chunhui , Liu Yongchu , Zhu Huaiqiu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSummaryWe present the first tool of gene prediction, PlasGUN, for plasmid metagenomic short-read data. The tool, developed based on deep learning algorithm of multiple input Convolutional Neural Network, demonstrates much better performance when tested on a benchmark dataset of artificial short reads and presents more reliable results for real plasmid metagenomic data than traditional gene prediction tools designed primarily for chromosome-derived short reads.Availability and implementationThe PlasGUN software is available at http://cqb.pku.edu.cn/ZhuLab/PlasGUN/ or https://github.com/zhenchengfang/PlasGUN/.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Bayesian cumulative shrinkage for infinite factorizations
Authors: Legramanti Sirio , Durante Daniele , Dunson David B 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe dimension of the parameter space is typically unknown in a variety of models that rely on factorizations. For example, in factor analysis the number of latent factors is not known and has to be inferred from the data. Although classical shrinkage priors are useful in such contexts, increasing shrinkage priors can provide a more effective approach that progressively penalizes expansions with growing complexity. In this article we propose a novel increasing shrinkage prior, called the cumulative shrinkage process, for the parameters that control the dimension in overcomplete formulations. Our construction has broad applicability and is based on an interpretable sequence of spike-and-slab distributions which assign increasing mass to the spike as the model complexity grows. Using factor analysis as an illustrative example, we show that this formulation has theoretical and practical advantages relative to current competitors, including an improved ability to recover the model dimension. An adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is proposed, and the performance gains are outlined in simulations and in an application to personality data.
THUG LIFE: Drill music as a periscope into urban violence in the consumer age
Authors: Lynes Adam , Kelly Craig , Kelly Emma 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper seeks to develop an understanding of interpersonal violence within an urban landscape. An increase in violent crime has garnered intense media attention with drill—an emerging subgenre of hip hop—being sighted by media outlets as a causal factor for the rise in gang-related violence. Within this perspective, the Metropolitan Police took action, which affirmed this narrative. This paper seeks to refute such simplistic discussions of interpersonal violence whilst recognizing the opportunity such notions pose for academics to utilize knowledge of subcultures to explore possible insights into the wider understanding of violence and capitalism.
Inclusion and Exclusion Through Risk-based Justice: Analysing Combinations of Risk Assessment from Pretrial Detention to Release
Authors: van Eijk Gwen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
As the use of risk-based practices has proliferated in many jurisdictions, justice-involved individuals are often subjected to multiple risk assessments at various moments and with different purposes as they move through the criminal justice system. This article examines the ways in which different risk-based practices are combined and evaluates these combinations in terms of inclusion and exclusion of marginalized offender categories. By understanding risk-based practices in terms of the distribution of resources, the article conceptualizes how the accumulation of bias could exacerbate exclusionary effects and how contradictory risk-informed decisions could undermine inclusionary interventions. Understanding the interplay of different risk-based practices is essential for the practical and ethical judgement of risk-based justice.
Level of N6-Methyladenosine in Peripheral Blood RNA: A Novel Predictive Biomarker for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ge Lichen , Zhang Nan , Chen Zhuojia , Song Jiaxi , Wu Yingmin , Li Zhuoling , Chen Feng , Wu Jia , Li Dandan , Li Jiexin , Wang Cheng , Wang Hongsheng , Wang Junjun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundDysregulation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is associated with various human diseases including cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the level of m6A as a biomarker for gastric cancer (GC) diagnosis.MethodsPeripheral blood samples were collected from 100 GC patients, 30 benign gastric disease (BGD) patients, and 75 healthy controls (HCs). Levels of m6A in total RNA and expression of m6A-related proteins were analyzed.ResultsThe m6A levels in peripheral blood RNA were significantly increased in the GC group compared with those in the BGD or HC groups; moreover, levels increased with the progression and metastasis of GC and decreased in GC patients after surgery. The area under the curve (AUC) for m6A in the GC group was 0.929 (95% CI, 0.88–0.96), which is markedly greater than the AUCs for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA; 0.694) and carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199; 0.603). The combination of CEA and CA199 with m6A improved the AUC to 0.955 (95% CI, 0.91–0.98). The expressions of m6A demethylases ALKBH5 and FTO were significantly downregulated in the GC group compared with the HC group. Coculture with GC cells increased the m6A of RNA in promyelocytic (HL-60) and monocytic (THP-1) leukemia cells and nontumorigenic human peripheral blood B lymphocyte cells (PENG-EBV). Furthermore, a xenograft model enhanced the m6A in peripheral blood RNA of mice. Accordingly, expressions of ALKBH5 and FTO were decreased both in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionsLevel of m6A in peripheral blood RNA is a promising noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for GC patients.
Relationship Between Extra Connectivity And Component Connectivity In Networks
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Lin Cheng-Kuan , Fan Jianxi , Jia Xiaohua , Cheng Baolei , Zhou Jingya 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Connectivity is a classic measure for reliability of a multiprocessor system in the case of processor failures. Extra connectivity and component connectivity are two important indicators of the reliability of a multiprocessor system in presence of failing processors. The $h$-extra connectivity $\kappa _{h}(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum number of nodes whose removal will disconnect $G$, and every remaining component has at least $h+1$ nodes. Moreover, the $h$-component connectivity $c\kappa _{h}(G)$ of $G$ is the minimum number of nodes whose deletion results in a graph with at least $h$ components. However, the extra connectivity and component connectivity of many well-known networks have been independently investigated. In this paper, we determine the relationship between extra connectivity and component connectivity of general networks. As applications, the extra connectivity and component connectivity are explored for some well-known networks, including complete cubic networks, hierarchical cubic networks, generalized exchanged hypercubes, dual-cube-like networks, Cayley graphs generated by transposition trees and hierarchical hypercubes as well.
Surgical outcomes and prognosis of non-small-cell lung cancer in patients with chronic lung diseases: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Choi Soohwan , Park Jaekil 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Lung cancer treatment in patients with chronic lung diseases is challenging because postoperative care is difficult and surgical outcomes are poorer than in patients with healthy lungs. This study aimed to examine postsurgical outcomes of patients with comorbid lung diseases treated for lung cancer.

METHODS
This retrospective study enrolled 1526 patients who underwent curative surgical resection for non-small-cell lung cancer at a single centre between October 2008 and April 2017. Based on computed tomography findings, patients were assigned to 4 groups and their demographic characteristics, clinicopathological features, surgical outcomes and survival were compared.

RESULTS
There were 1101 patients in group A, 266 patients in group B, 62 patients in group C and 97 patients in group D. In the chronic lung disease groups (B, C and D), there was a high percentage of smoking history (86.5%, 79.0% and 92.8%, respectively; P &lt; 0.01). The occurrence rate of postoperative lung complications and operative mortality rates were higher in patients with chronic lung disease. Groups A, B, C and D contained 819 (74.4%), 159 (59.8%), 43 (69.4%) and 65 (67.0%) stage I patients, respectively (P &lt; 0.01). The groups showed significant differences in overall survival and disease-free survival (all P &lt; 0.01). The presence of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema was the only significant negative prognostic factor for overall survival.

CONCLUSIONS
The presence of comorbid chronic lung diseases might negatively affect prognosis in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. The presence of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema could be a negative prognostic factor in lung cancer treatment.
Pacemaker implantation after aortic valve replacement: rapid-deployment Intuity® compared to conventional bioprostheses
Authors: Herry Morgane , Laghlam Driss , Touboul Olivier , Nguyen Lee S , Estagnasié Philippe , Brusset Alain , Squara Pierre 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation after aortic valve replacement by rapid-deployment bioprosthesis (RDB) and standard valve (Standard).

METHODS
All patients undergoing aortic valve replacement between 2015 and 2018, in 1 centre, were included. A multivariate analysis on the whole cohort and then a propensity score matching were used to compare the 2 groups. The primary end point was PPM implantation.

RESULTS
We studied 924 patients (256 RDBs and 668 Standards). Overall, 67 PPM were implanted, 37 (14.5%) in the RDB group and 26 (3.9%) in the Standard group (P &lt; 0.0001, univariate analysis). The multivariate analysis in the unmatched population found 4 independent factors associated with PPM implantation: right bundle branch block with odds ratios (ORs 3.7, 95% CI 2.9–6.7; P &lt; 0.0001), RDB (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.0–6.2; P &lt; 0.0001), age (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.1; P &lt; 0.006) and endocarditis (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.0–11.0; P &lt; 0.04). In the propensity score-matched RDB group (203 patients per group), 25 patients required PPM implantation versus 3 in the Standard group (12.3% vs 1.5%, P &lt; 0.0001). RDBs also had more postoperative left bundle branch block and new onset of atrial fibrillation (30.2% vs 5.1%, P &lt; 0.0001 and 34.0% vs 24.1%, P = 0.029). RDBs had lower operating times (in min): aortic cross-clamping = 62 (44–76.5) vs 72 (57.5–91.5) and cardiopulmonary bypass = 81 (63–98.5) vs 91 (75–112), P &lt; 0.0001. There was no significant difference in other outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
RDBs were associated with reduced operating times, increased risk of atrial fibrillation and PPM implantation as compared with standard aortic valves.
Volunteer engagement to inform research on cardiovascular health awareness, Canada
Authors: Lussier Marie-Thérèse , Kaczorowski Janusz , Girard Magali , Arpin Emmanuelle 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Volunteers have been extensively used in health promotion programmes. However, they have been less frequently involved in the research process. In its most recent iterations, the Cardiovascular Health Awareness Program (CHAP) integrated volunteers (i) to facilitate CHAP sessions with participating patients for data collection and (ii) to evaluate the intervention. Drawing on the patient and public involvement literature, our research team included volunteers in the data collection and evaluation of CHAP sessions as part of the programme’s implementation in the province of Quebec (Canada). We sought volunteers’ formal feedback through individual online and phone interviews and through focus groups for each of the four projects conducted in Quebec. We found that volunteers provide valuable insight on the research protocol as well as patient needs. Their feedback led to several modifications to the research protocol and procedures of subsequent CHAP sessions. Changes included involving volunteers at earlier stages of the research process, adding more learning modules and practice sessions during the volunteer training and defining research priorities according to patient needs. Our methodology of engaging volunteers in the research process was useful to gain important and unique insight on patient needs and for future programme planning to modify the research process.
An Extension of Weyl’s Equidistribution Theorem to Generalized Polynomials and Applications
Authors: Bergelson Vitaly , Håland Knutson Inger J , Son Younghwan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Generalized polynomials are mappings obtained from the conventional polynomials by the use of the operations of addition and multiplication and taking the integer part. Extending the classical theorem of Weyl on equidistribution of polynomials, we show that a generalized polynomial $q(n)$ has the property that the sequence $(q(n) \lambda )_{n \in \mathbf{Z}}$ is well-distributed $\bmod \, 1$ for all but countably many $\lambda \in{\mathbf R}$ if and only if $\lim\nolimits _{\substack{|n| \rightarrow \infty \\ n \notin J}} |q(n)| = \infty $ for some (possibly empty) set $J$ having zero natural density in $\mathbf{Z}$. We also prove a version of this theorem along the primes (which may be viewed as an extension of classical results of Vinogradov and Rhin). Finally, we utilize these results to obtain new examples of sets of recurrence and van der Corput sets.
Measurement of Total Fructan in Foods by Enzymatic/Spectrophotometric Method: Collaborative Study
Authors: McCleary Barry V , Murphy Ann , Mugford David C ,   Collaborators:, Andersen Rikki , Ashton John , Blakeney Tony , Boorman Julie , Duncan Karen , Farnell Peter , Fulford Abigail , Hermans Marc , King Deanne , Li Betty , McNaught Ken , Mhller Marina , Nuavia Juan , Pontis Horacio , Puebla Andrea , Salelno Grace , Salman Hayfa , Solah Vicky , Srrensen Annemarie , Suter Dai , van Eekelen Jack , van der Waal Wim , Walker Richard , Wo Catherine 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An AOAC collaborative study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of an enzyme assay kit procedure for measuring oligofructans and fructan polysaccharide (inulins) in mixed materials and food products. The sample is extracted with hot water, and an aliquot is treated with a mixture of sucrase (a specific sucrose-degrading enzyme), α-amylase, pullulanase, and maltase to hydrolyze sucrose to glucose and fructose, and starch to glucose. These reducing sugars are then reduced to sugar alcohols by treatment with alkaline borohydride solution. The solution is neutralized, and excess borohydride is removed with dilute acetic acid. The fructan is hydrolyzed to fructose and glucose using a mixture of purified exo- and endo-inulinanases (fructanase mixture). The reducing sugars produced (fructose and glucose) are measured with a spectrophotometer after reaction with para-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide. The samples analyzed included pure fructan, chocolate, low-fat spread, milk powder, vitamin tablets, onion powder, Jerusalem artichoke flour, wheat stalks, and a sucrose/cellulose control flour. Repeatability relative standard deviations ranged from 2.3 to 7.3%; reproducibility relative standard deviations ranged from 5.0 to 10.8%.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Lysine, Methionine, and Threonine in Pure Amino Acids (Feed Grade) and Premixes: Collaborative Study
Authors: Fontaine Johannes , Eudaimon Marcelle ,   Collaborators:, Bargholz J , Empie M W , Eriksson S , Hoeg T , Katayama M , Kang K-R , Lee H , Legler J , Llames C R , MacDonald J L , Pierre F , Regnier J-M , Schwadorf K , van der Lee R A , Verbeek K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A total of 17 laboratories (including one author's laboratory) participated in a collaborative study for determination of lysine, methionine, and threonine in trade products or concentrated amino acid premixes. Thirteen samples, 4 pure amino acids and 6 premixes, including 3 Youden matched pairs, were analyzed. The applied liquid chromatographic (LC) method using cation-exchange resin and post-column derivatization with ninhydrin or o-phthaldialdehyde was shown to be accurate and specific for the analytes. Titration procedures, normally used for the assay of pure amino acids, are unspecific and the accuracy of the results can be affected by impurities. Repeatability relative standard deviations, RSDr, ranged from 0.84 to 1.17% for pure amino acids and from 0.50 to 1.68% for premixes; reproducibility relative standard deviations RSDR, ranged from 1.52 to 2.31% for pure amino acids and from 1.48 to 2.59% for premixes. Recoveries were between 97.5 and 102.8% of the expected amino acid assays. The method has been adopted Official First Action status by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
Do Ready-Mix Insecticides Cause Lethal and Sublethal Effects on Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Pupa?
Authors: de Paiva Ana Clara R , Iost Filho Fernando H , Parro Eduardo A , Barbosa Daniel P L , Yamamoto Pedro T 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe use of selective insecticides aids farmers in maintaining pest populations below the economic threshold level. The integrated use of biological and chemical control is only possible if the effects of insecticides on natural enemies are studied. Although the IOBC/WPRS standards allow us to compare these studies worldwide, the methods used are sometimes inconsistent. This study determined the effects of ready-mix insecticides applied on pupae of Trichogramma pretiosum (Riley, 1879) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and compared the effects on emergence of two different methods of exposing T. pretiosum pupae to insecticides: immersed or sprayed using a Potter tower. Both methods gave the same results, indicating that they can be compared. Moreover, it is important to go beyond IOBC/WPRS classification and study the effects of pesticides on different biological parameters of natural enemies. This additional step may increase the likelihood of successful integration of biological and chemical control. Based on the emergence reduction, Chlorantraniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin, abamectin + chlorantraniliprole, and alpha-cypermethrin + teflubenzuron were classified as innocuous (class 1). Cypermethrin + profenofos and cyproconazole + thiamethoxam were classified as slightly harmful (class 2). Methanol + methomyl and lufenuron + profenofos were classified as harmful (class 4). Abamectin + chlorantraniliprole, although classified as innocuous, reduced the parasitism, longevity, and flight capability of the adult parasitoids. None of these insecticides altered the emergence and sex ratio of the second generation.
Scent anointing in mammals: functional and motivational insights from giant pandas
Authors: Charlton B D , Owen M A , Zhang H , Swaisgood R R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Although several mammals impregnate their fur with environmental odors, a phenomenon termed scent anointing or rubbing, the functional relevance of this behavior often is unclear. One theory is that scent anointing could be a form of scent matching with environmental odors to signal competitiveness and home range occupation. In this study we presented giant pandas with a range of odors to determine whether scent matching could provide a functional explanation for scent anointing in this species. We found that only a musk-based perfume elicited significantly more scent-anointing and scent-marking behavior than control. Males were also significantly more likely to scent-anoint and scent-mark than females. A preference for anointing, but not scent marking, when presented with peppermint (an insecticide) also was revealed. Our results suggest that giant pandas differentially scent-anoint with foreign odors to signal home range occupation, and possibly to repel ectoparasites. We also highlight how chemical signaling of resource-holding potential is likely to play an important role in determining competitive interactions between adult male giant pandas.