bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling based in the stochastic dynamics for the time evolution of the COVID-19
Authors: Lima L. S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The stochastic differential equation (SDE) corresponding to nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation where the nonlinearity appearing in this evolution equation can be interpreted as providing an effective description of a system of particles interacting is obtained. Additionally, we propose a stochastic model for time dynamics of the COVID-19 based in the set of data supported by the Brazilian health agencies.
Risk assessment and visualisation of COVID-19 in Zhejiang Province of China: a ‘five- colour chart’ directing disease control and work resumption
Authors: He Fan , Shang Xiaopeng , Ling Feng , Chen Zhiping , Fu Tiehong , Lin Junfen , Wang Zhen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019 in Wuhan, Zhejiang has become the province with the largest number of cases. The aim of this article is to present Zhejiang province’s experience of establishing an accurate and smart control mechanism for epidemic prevention and control and resumption of work and production using a ‘five-colour epidemic chart’. The number of confirmed cases, proportion of local cases, and occurrence of clustered outbreaks were used as evaluation indicators to calculate the county-level epidemic risk and were assigned different weight coefficients; the absence of cases for 3 and 7 consecutive days was used as the adjustment index. When the first chart was published on February 9, there were 1 very-high-risk, 12 high-risk, and 12 low-risk counties. Under the five-colour chart, Zhejiang began to adopt precise measures to prevent and control the epidemic and resume work and production. By February 24, the low-risk counties had expanded to 82, with no high-risk and very-high-risk counties. The epidemic situation in Zhejiang province has been effectively controlled. The experience of epidemic prevention and control in Zhejiang is worthy to be emulated and learned by other countries and regions
Electro-activated persulfate oxidation of malachite green by boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode: effect of degradation process parameters
Authors: Miao Dongtian , Liu Guoshuai , Wei Qiuping , Hu Naixiu , Zheng Kuangzhi , Zhu Chengwu , Liu Ting , Zhou Kechao , Yu Zhiming , Ma Li 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this paper, boron-doped diamond (BDD) electro-activated persulfate was studied to decompose malachite green (MG). The degradation results indicate that the decolorization performance of MG for the BDD electro-activated persulfate (BDD-EAP) system is 3.37 times that of BDD electrochemical oxidation (BDD-EO) system, and BDD-EAP system also exhibited an enhanced total organic content (TOC) removal (2.2 times) compared with BDD-EO system. Besides, the degradation parameters such as persulfate concentration, current density, and pH were studied in detail. In a wider range of pH (2–10), the MG can be efficiently removed (&gt;95%) in 0.02 M persulfate solution with a low current density of 1.7 mA/cm2 after 30 min. The BDD-EAP technology decomposes organic compounds without the diffusion limitation and avoids pH adjustment, which makes the EO treatment of organic wastewater more efficient and more economical.
Performance evaluation of photolytic and electrochemical oxidation processes for enhanced degradation of food dyes laden wastewater
Authors: Sartaj Seema , Ali Nisar , Khan Adnan , Malik Sumeet , Bilal Muhammad , Khan Menhad , Ali Nauman , Hussain Sajjad , Khan Hammad , Khan Sabir 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Wastewater containing dyes is considered as the top-priority pollutant when discharged into the environment. Herein, we report for the applicability of 254 nm ultraviolet light and electrochemical process using a titanium ruthenium oxide anode for the degradation of Allura red and erythrosine dyes. During the photolytic process, 95% of Allura red dye (50 ppm) was removed after 1 h at pH 12 and 35 °C, whereas 90% color removal of erythrosine dye (50 ppm) was achieved after 6 h of treatment at pH 6.0 and 30 °C. On the other hand, 99.60% of Allura red dye (200 ppm) was removed within 5 min by the electrochemical process applying a current density (5 mA cm−2) at pH 5.0 and 0.1 mol L−1 sodium chloride (NaCl) electrolytic medium. Similarly, 99.61% of erythrosine dye (50 ppm) degradation was achieved after 10 min at a current density of 8 mA cm−2, pH 6.0, and 0.1 mol L−1 of NaCl electrolyte. The minimum energy consumption value for Allura red and erythrosine dyes (0.196 and 0.941 kWh m–3, respectively) was calculated at optimum current densities of 5 and 8 mA cm−2. The results demonstrated that the electrochemical process is more efficient at removing dyes in a shorter time than the photolytic process since it generates powerful oxidants like the chlorine molecule, hypochlorous acid, and hypochlorite on the surface of the anode and initiates a chain reaction to oxidize the dyes molecules.
An Evidence-Based Review of Antitussive Herbs Containing Essential Oils in Traditional Persian Medicine
Authors: Hosseinkhani Ayda , Ziaian Bijan , Hessami Kamran , Kashkooe Ali , Pasalar Mehdi 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Cough is one of the most common medical symptoms for which medical
advice is sought. Although cough is a protective reflex responsible for clearing the airways from
secretions and foreign bodies, it can be a troublesome symptom that causes discomfort to patients.
Due to the increasing interest in herbal remedies in both developed and developing countries, in
the current study, we aimed to overview medicinal herbs containing essential oils used as antitussive
agents according to Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) textbooks. We summarized the relevant
scientific evidence on their possible pharmacological effects.

Methods:
To collect the evidence for the treatment of cough or “seaal” (cough in ancient books)
from TPM sources, five main medicinal Persian manuscripts were studied. The antitussive herbs
were listed and their scientific names were identified and authenticated following botanical reference
books. ScienceDirect and PubMed online databases were searched for related mechanisms of
action of the reported medicinal plants.

Results:
Forty-nine herbs containing essential oils have been recommended in TPM for the treatment
of cough; 21 of them had at least one known mechanism of action for cough suppression in
the scientific literature. According to this review, most of the cited medicinal plants were assessed
for either nitric oxide inhibitory or antitussive/expectorant activities.

Conclusion:
In addition to advantageous effects of antitussive herbs recommended by TPM, the
present review highlighted some recent evidence-based data on these promising herbs that could
be used as an outline for future research on their medicinal use.
Chain-breaking/Preventive Antioxidant, Urate-lowering, and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Pure Curcumin
Authors: Bisset Seghira , Sobhi Widad , Bensouici Chawki , Khenchouche Abdelhalim 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Several researches have shown that therapeutic compounds or phytochemicals
from natural sources are important in the food as it is valuable in pharmaceutical industries due
to their fewer side effects and potent against various diseases. Curcumin, a major polyphenol derived
from turmeric spice, which used in many foods, has a wide range of biological activities, with quite a
safety.

Objective:
The goal of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, urate-lowering, and antiinflammatory
effects of pure curcumin.

Methods:
The antioxidant activity was evaluated for chain-breaking antioxidant effect (radicalscavenging
and reducing abilities assays) and for preventive antioxidant effect with metal chelating
assay, the urate-lowering was assayed on aspectrophotometer by measuring the inhibition of uric acid
production by xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme, and the anti-inflammatory effect was estimated using
in vitro albumin denaturation inhibition.

Results:
Curcumin showed a significant and good chain-breaking antioxidant effect, both in free radical-
scavenging assays (Galvinoxyl radical, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical), and in reducing abilities
methods (reducing power, Cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity and O-phenanthroline assays). In
preventive antioxidant effect, assessed with the metal chelating assay, curcumin showed significant
effect but with high concentration compared with standard. In the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system,
curcumin significantly inhibited uric acid production (IC50=0.71 ± 0.06 mg/mL). Regarding antiinflammatory
activity, curcumin showed significant inhibition of albumin denaturation with an IC50
value of 1181.69 ± 1.11μg/mL.

Conclusion:
These results indicated that curcumin showed promising antioxidant, anti-gout and antiinflammatory
properties and might be used as potential, natural drugs against oxidative and inflammation-
related diseases.
Safety and Efficacy of Proctosoll Allevia in the Management of Haemorrhoidal Disease in Adults: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Sturiale Alessandro , Gallo Gaetano , Brusciano Luigi , Cacace Concetta , Cafaro Danilo , Celedon Porzio Felipe , Naldini Gabriele 
Published: April 2020

Introduction:
Hemorrhoidal Disease (HD) is a very common anorectal disorder that affects
millions of people around the world and represents a major medical and socioeconomic problem.
The aim of the present study was to assess the safety and efficacy of Proctosoll Allevia® in patients
affected by symptomatic HD in comparison with the results obtained from a control group.

Material and Methods:
From January to February 2019, all the patients referred to the outpatient
clinic of Rajalakshmi Hospital, who were complaining of first or second degree hemorrhoidal symptoms,
were enrolled in the study. They were randomly assigned to either of the 2 arms. Group 1: patients
were treated with the Proctosoll Allevia® and were under a controlled diet. Group 2: patients
were only under a controlled diet without any treatment - control group.

Results:
A total of 51 subjects were screened and 45 (13 F- 32 M) enrolled in the study. All the patients
treated with topical application of the cream showed a statistically significant improvement of
symptoms within 14 days from the beginning of the therapy if compared to patients who were treated
only with a controlled diet. No major adverse events associated with the use of the new product were
recorded.

Discussion:
The treatment of I-II degree symptomatic HD with Proctosoll Allevia® has demonstrated
to be promising with a good profile of tolerability, safety and efficacy.
Effect of Varying Drying Temperature on the Soluble Sugar and Nutritional Content of Banana
Authors: Alagbe E.E , Amlabu Y.S , Daniel E.O , Ojewumi M.E 
Published: April 2020

Aims:In this work, the effect of drying temperature on the available carbohydrate is investigated.Background:Nigerian climate favours the cultivation of banana and it is a ready fruit delight in almost all homes. Hybrids and polypoids of the species musa acuminata and musa balbisiana are very common. Unfortunately, post-harvest losses of 40 – 60%, of this energy rich fruit are encountered yearly. Drying is an age long method of preservation which has stood the test of time. Bananas are known to possess high carbohydrates with low glycaemic index which makes it a healthy fruit or snack.Objective:To determine the optimum drying temperature for the drying of Banana fruit.Methods:The banana fruit was peeled and sliced to about 5 mm thick and dried in a tray dryer at varying temperatures of 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C and 70 °C. The control sample was air dried at the average prevailing temperature of 30 °C.Results:Results obtained showed that increased drying temperature favoured more loss of moisture from the samples and in turn, favoured an increase in the available carbohydrate in the dried fruit. The ash, fat and crude fibre content marginally changed with drying temperature.Conclusion:The optimum temperature for treated and untreated samples, from the results obtained, were 60 °C and 70 °C respectively.Drying impacts positively on the available sugar in the Banana fruit.
Measuring Patient’s Orofacial Estheticsin in Prosthodontics: A Scoping Review of a Current Instrument
Authors: Mursid Saraventi , Maharani Diah Ayu , Kusdhany Lindawati 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
Although prosthodontic treatment is aimed at improving oral function, esthetics has become the most common motivation for treatment. To ensure successful outcomes, valid and reliable instruments for comprehensively evaluating the esthetic aspects of prosthodontic treatment from both clinician perspective and patient self-assessment are needed. The literature on measurement tools used in prosthodontics to evaluate orofacial esthetic aspects was also studied.

Methods:
A scoping review was conducted to map existing instruments such as a questionnaire, index, or scale designed to evaluate orofacial esthetics by clinician and patient for prosthodontic treatment.

Results:
Of the 27 studies evaluated, the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES) was used mostly for evaluating a patient’s esthetic perception. The ‘Dental Esthetic Screening Index’ (DESI) was found as the most currently developed instrument with objective quantification for the clinical situation having good reliability and validity. The Prosthetic Esthetic Index (PEI) also has sufficient psychometric properties as an objective assessment tool for clinicians. But the PEI and the DESI are still rarely used in research and practice. Teeth color and position were determined to be the most important factors in recognizing esthetic impairment. Following tooth analysis (appearance, color, alignment, space, proportion, and wear), gingival appearance, smile analysis, facial analysis, and unaesthetic restoration or prosthesis were the most important esthetic factors identified.

Conclusion:
Esthetics is subjective and is influenced by many factors. Instruments for subjective and objective evaluation are needed to determine the esthetic perceptions of clinicians and patients. OES, PEI and DESI were found to be relevant instruments for this.
Sylc Air Polishing Versus Fluoride Varnish Application in Managing Dentin Hypersensitivity in Non-Carious Cervical Lesions: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ahmed Dina Ezz Eldin Mohamed , Abielhassan Mohsen Hussein , Hamza Heba Salah Eldin , Haridy Mohamed Fouad , Mamdouh Mai 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
To determine the effectiveness of Sylc (a bioactive glass-based powder) delivered by an air polishing system compared to fluoride varnish application in managing Dentin Hypersensitivity (DH).

Methods:
This study was a double-blinded randomized clinical trial where 50 participants with DH in at least one tooth with a non-carious cervical lesion were included and randomized into two groups (25 participants each) to receive either Sylc air polishing or fluoride varnish application. Baseline and post-intervention measurements of pain were carried out using evaporative, thermal and tactile stimuli using a modified visual analog scale at 3 minutes, 1, 2, 3and 4 weeks, 6 months and 1 year post-intervention. Data for pain intensity was recorded and analyzed for each group.

Results:
For the three stimuli used, Sylc air polishing showed statistically significant reduction of pain intensity (P<0.05) after 3 weeks and up to 1 year post-intervention. Fluoride varnish application showed a statistically significant reduction of pain intensity in evaporative and thermal stimuli at 1 week post-intervention only.

Conclusion:
Sylc air polishing was effective in relieving pain due to DH after 3 weeks and up to 1 year post-intervention, which showed that it can be used as a long-term treatment for DH.
Influence of Night Rainfall on Stopping Sight Distance on Dark Roadways
Authors: J.E Ben-Edigbe , O. O Makinde 
Published: April 2020

Aim:
To investigate the influence of night rainfall on stopping sight distance on dark roadways.

Background:
This study fills the research gap in stopping sight distance by looking at night rainfall impact on stopping sight distance on dark roadways.

Objectives:
To determine stopping sight distance under night rainfall (light, moderate and heavy) on dark roadways and compare the results with stopping sight distance under dry night on dark roadways.

Methods:
In a ‘with and without’ night rainfall impact studies, traffic volume, speed, vehicle type and rainfall data were collected at selected sites. All surveyed sites had rain gauge within the catchment area of about 1km. Rainfall intensity was divided into three groups (light, moderate, and heavy). Dry weather data were used as a control parameter.

Results:
Results show that the average SSD decrease attributed to light rainfall is 15.2m (14%), moderate rainfall 18.3m (16.8%), and heavy rainfall 21.2m (19.2%).

Conclusion:
Based on the results and findings, it is correct to conclude that the effect of night rainfall on dark roadways stopping sight distance is somewhat aberrant. It is also correct to suggest that night rainfall on dark roadways will cause a decrease in perception distance travel delay, an increase in braking distance and stopping sight distance.
Melatonin Receptor as a Drug Target for Neuroprotection
Authors: Wongprayoon Pawaris , Govitrapong Piyarat 
Published: April 2020

Background::
Melatonin, a neurohormone secreted from the pineal gland, circulates
throughout the body and then mediates several physiological functions. The pharmacological effects
of melatonin can be mediated through its direct antioxidant activity and receptor-dependent
signaling.

Objective:
This article will mainly review receptor-dependent signaling. Human melatonin receptors
include melatonin receptor type 1 (MT1) and melatonin receptor type 2 (MT2), which are widely
distributed throughout the brain.

Result:
Several lines of evidence have revealed the involvement of the melatonergic system in different
neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer’s disease pathology negatively affects the melatonergic
system. Melatonin effectively inhibits β-amyloid (Aβ) synthesis and fibril formation. These effects
are reversed by pharmacological melatonin receptor blockade. Reductions in MT1 and MT2 expression
in the amygdala and substantia nigra pars compacta have been reported in Parkinson’s disease
patients. The protective roles of melatonin against ischemic insults via its receptors have also
been demonstrated. Melatonin has been reported to enhance neurogenesis through MT2 activation
in cerebral ischemic/reperfusion mice. The neurogenic effects of melatonin on mesenchymal stem
cells are particularly mediated through MT2.

Conclusion:
Understanding the roles of melatonin receptors in neuroprotection against diseases
may lead to the development of specific analogs with specificity and potency greater than those of
the original compound. These successfully developed compounds may serve as candidate preventive
and disease-modifying agents in the future.
Octabenzone Isolated from Saharan Myrtle Leaves (Myrtus nivellei)
Authors: Mansour Amira , Rahili Ghania , Roza Orsolya , Chemat Smain 
Published: April 2020

Background:
The Algerian Saharan plants are plants of terrestrial origin, which during
their evolution have adapted to the Algerian south ecosystem. By their particular ecological and evolutionary
position, it is possible that these endemic plants also selected specific secondary metabolites
with original chemical and biological characteristics.

Objective:
Phytochemical investigation of ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of M. nivellei leaves.

Methods:
Air-dried and coarsely powdered leaves were macerated with 80% methanol. The methanol
extract diluted with distilled water was successively extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate and n-
BuOH. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts were fractionated by sephadex (LH-20) column using
MeOH as eluent. Fraction 1 from ethyl acetate extract was chromatographed by preparative TLC
to give pure compound (1). Fractions 4 and 5 from n-butanol extract were chromatographed by RPHPLC
over a C18 column using MeOH/H2O (4:6, v/v) as solvent system. Fraction 4 gave compounds
3 (1.5 mg) and 4 (1.1 mg), fraction 5 gave compound 2 (5.5 mg). Structural elucidation was
established by a combination of one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques, and mass spectrometry.

Results:
The investigation of ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of M. nivellei leaves allowed the
isolation for the first time of Octabenzone (1) which was never reported before along with three
known flavonols, myricetin 3-O-β-D-(6”-galloyl)galactoside (2), quercetin 3-O-β-D-(6”-
galloyl)galactoside (3) and myricetin 3-O-arabinoside (4).

Conclusion:
These results suggested that the leaves of M. nivellei stand as a promising natural
source for sunscreen products such as octabenzone. In combination with its richness of phenolic
compounds, these observations lead us toward further studies concerning M. nivellei biological activity
against skin damages and skin cancer.
Metal-organic Nanopharmaceuticals
Authors: Steinborn Benjamin , Lächelt Ulrich 
Published: April 2020

:
Coordinative interactions between multivalent metal ions and drug derivatives with Lewis
base functions give rise to nanoscale coordination polymers (NCPs) as delivery systems. As the
pharmacologically active agent constitutes a main building block of the nanomaterial, the resulting
drug loadings are typically very high. By additionally selecting metal ions with favorable pharmacological
or physicochemical properties, the obtained NCPs are predominantly composed of active
components which serve individual purposes, such as pharmacotherapy, photosensitization, multimodal
imaging, chemodynamic therapy or radiosensitization. By this approach, the assembly of drug
molecules into NCPs modulates pharmacokinetics, combines pharmacological drug action with specific
characteristics of metal components and provides a strategy to generate tailorable multifunctional
nanoparticles. This article reviews different applications and recent examples of such highly
functional nanopharmaceuticals with a high ‘material economy’.

:
Lay Summary: Nanoparticles, that are small enough to circulate in the bloodstream and can carry
cargo molecules, such as drugs, imaging or contrast agents, are attractive materials for pharmaceutical
applications. A high loading capacity is a generally aspired parameter of nanopharmaceuticals to
minimize patient exposure to unnecessary nanomaterial. Pharmaceutical agents containing Lewis
base functions in their molecular structure can directly be assembled into metal-organic nanopharmaceuticals
by coordinative interaction with metal ions. Such coordination polymers generally feature
extraordinarily high loading capacities and the flexibility to encapsulate different agents for a simultaneous
delivery in combination therapy or ‘theranostic’ applications.