bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Days gained response discriminates treatment response in patients with recurrent glioblastoma receiving bevacizumab-based therapies
Authors: Singleton Kyle W , Porter Alyx B , Hu Leland S , Johnston Sandra K , Bond Kamila M , Rickertsen Cassandra R , De Leon Gustavo , Whitmire Scott A , Clark-Swanson Kamala R , Mrugala Maciej M , Swanson Kristin R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Accurate assessments of patient response to therapy are a critical component of personalized medicine. In glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive form of brain cancer, tumor growth dynamics are heterogenous across patients, complicating assessment of treatment response. This study aimed to analyze days gained (DG), a burgeoning model-based dynamic metric, for response assessment in patients with recurrent GBM who received bevacizumab-based therapies.

Methods
DG response scores were calculated using volumetric tumor segmentations for patients receiving bevacizumab with and without concurrent cytotoxic therapy (N = 62). Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses were implemented to examine DG prognostic relationship to overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) from the onset of treatment for recurrent GBM.

Results
In patients receiving concurrent bevacizumab and cytotoxic therapy, Kaplan–Meier analysis showed significant differences in OS and PFS at DG cutoffs consistent with previously identified values from newly diagnosed GBM using T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (T1Gd). DG scores for bevacizumab monotherapy patients only approached significance for PFS. Cox regression showed that increases of 25 DG on T1Gd imaging were significantly associated with a 12.5% reduction in OS hazard for concurrent therapy patients and a 4.4% reduction in PFS hazard for bevacizumab monotherapy patients.

Conclusion
DG has significant meaning in recurrent therapy as a metric of treatment response, even in the context of anti-angiogenic therapies. This provides further evidence supporting the use of DG as an adjunct response metric that quantitatively connects treatment response and clinical outcomes.
Sexual Disorders among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations
Authors: Armstrong Heather L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Sexual disorders and dysfunction are common among people of all sexual orientations and gender identities. And while definitions and conceptions of sexual health are typically broad, the clinical and research perspectives on sexual function and dysfunction have traditionally relied on the four-phase model of sexual response and disorders are generally classified as “male” or “female.” This chapter reviews the diagnostic criteria for specific sexual dysfunctions and presents a summary of existing research among sexual and gender minority populations. Overall, research on sexual dysfunction among sexual and gender minority people is limited, and this is especially true for transgender and gender nonconforming individuals. Understanding these often complex disorders requires that individuals, clinicians, and researchers consider a range of biopsychosocial factors that can affect and be affected by one’s sexual health and sexuality.
History of Sexual Orientation and Mental Health
Authors: Hancock Kristin A. , Haldeman Douglas C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Psychology’s understanding of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people has evolved, become more refined, and impacted the lives of LGB people in profound ways. This chapter traces the history of LGB psychology from the nineteenth century to the present and focuses on major events and the intersections of theory, psychological science, politics, and activism in the history of this field. It explores various facets of cultural and psychological history that include the pathologizing of homosexuality, the rise of psychological science and the political movements in the mid-twentieth century, and the major shifts in policy that ensued. The toll of the AIDS epidemic on the field is discussed as is the impact of psychological research on national and international policy and legislation.
Biracial and Bi-Ethnic Sexual and Gender Minority Mental Health
Authors: Reid Lauren E. , Stay Vanessa S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Biracial and bi-ethnic sexual and gender minorities represent a diverse population, and limited research has been conducted on these identities. Since this population does not fit neatly into racial, gender, and sexual orientation categories, it is often excluded from larger studies of health. This chapter examines these identities in context, recognizes sociocultural influences, and couches the research in the current socio-political climate. Because this population is fluid in terms of racial, gender, and sexual identities, this chapter is limited by methodological approaches. The election of Barack Obama as U.S. president in 2009 ignited a boom in biracial/multiracial research in the United States, and today an increasing amount of research is being done that reflects the lived experience of people with multiple identities.
Bisexual Mental Health
Authors: Bostwick Wendy B. , Harrison Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBisexual people, or those who identify as having sexual and romantic attractions to more than one sex or gender, have emerged as a sexual minority group with unique mental health concerns and inequities. This chapter provides an overview of the extant literature related to a host of mental health disorders, highlighting findings among bisexual women and men in comparison to both lesbian/gay and heterosexual counterparts. The authors briefly note potential methodological issues that have not been previously discussed. The chapter then turns to relevant explanatory frameworks, and how these may be used to inform an understanding of mental health inequities among bisexual groups. Finally, suggestions are offered for areas of future research.
The Intersections of Physical and Mental Health among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations
Authors: Eliason Michele J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
There is considerable evidence of health disparities among sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations in the areas of physical health and disability, mental health and suicidality, substance use and abuse, and access to care. However, little research has considered the possibility that disorders might concentrate in subgroups of SGMs with the greatest levels of minority stress over time or those who have experienced the greatest number of adverse childhood events. This chapter examines the scant evidence that physical and mental health disorders coexist in some SGM individuals and offers some critique of the existing research. Future directions for research are proposed.
Cross-Cultural Career Psychology from a Critical Psychology Perspective
Authors: Stead Graham B. , Poklar Ashley E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this chapter, cross-cultural career psychology’s assumptions, methodologies, terminologies, and constructs are examined from a critical psychology perspective. The purpose of this chapter is to utilise critical psychology to challenge cross-cultural career psychology’s implicit and explicit assumptions and its approaches and methodologies to conducting research. Some of cross-cultural career psychology’s terminologies and constructs are examined through a critical psychology lens. Cross-cultural career psychology is also contrasted with cultural psychology. Four critiques of critical psychology toward cross-cultural career psychology are addressed: the serviceable other, epistemology, universality, and individualism/collectivism. Each critique focuses on problems that are found in cross-cultural career psychology. Topics current to cross-cultural career psychology research are reflected on, such as work/family, immigrants, refugees, and their intersections. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future directions of the field.
Labour Market Information for Career Development: Pivotal or Peripheral?
Authors: Bimrose Jenny 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Labour market information (LMI) represents a core component of the knowledge required for career development interventions. It distinguishes the work of career development practitioners from other kinds of helping. Yet practitioners often find it challenging to keep this knowledge current and mediate it effectively to different audiences. Career theory helps identify a variety of possible assumptions that might underpin the use of LMI in practice. Although information and communications technology plays an increasingly important role in accessing and disseminating reliable and robust LMI, research indicates that face-to-face interventions with career professionals continue to have the greatest impact with clients. Consequently, referring clients to LMI online seems unlikely to maximize positive outcomes because expert mediation by professionals of the meaning of the information for their own particular situation is frequently necessary. Indeed, professionalism, a concept with which most career development practitioners identify, demands that minimum standards are maintained, including practice based on expert, current LMI. In this chapter, ways of enhancing the effectiveness of LMI as an integral part of overall career interventions are discussed.
The Economic Outcomes of Career Development Programmes
Authors: Percy Christian , Dodd Vanessa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter sets out a conceptual model of the economic outcomes of career development work. It is centred on the financial metrics that are most important to stakeholders at three different tiers of the economy. These tiers include individuals, organizations/employers, and the state. Empirical examples from the literature are provided to show that financial impacts can be identified at each tier. The limitations of the model and the evidence base are discussed. In addition, a critical examination of a narrow focus on economic outcomes in public policy is presented in order to convey the limitations of an economistic rationale for career development.
Narratives of Queer Migration
Authors: Gray John , Baynham Mike 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter considers the phenomenon of queer migration from a linguistic perspective, paying particular attention to the constitutive role of spatial mobility in narrative and its role in the construction of queer migrant identities. The chapter begins by looking at the way in which queer migration has been discussed in the literature and then moves on to address three different types of queer migration in greater depth: migration within national borders from the village/countryside to the city; migration between cities in member states within the context of the European Union; and finally, asylum-seeking within the context of migration from the Global South to the Global North. The chapter concludes by suggesting that queer migration is a complex phenomenon in which the intersection of sexuality, gender identity, desire, affect, abjection, economic necessity, class, politics, and fear for one’s life combine in ways that are unique in the lives of individual migrants.
Excitable Membrane Properties of Neurons
Authors: Kaczmarek Leonard K. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The intrinsic electrical properties of neurons are extremely varied. For example, the width of action potentials in different neurons varies by more than an order of magnitude. In response to prolonged stimulation, some neurons generate repeated action potential hundreds of times a second, while others fire only a single action potential or adapt very rapidly. These differences result from the expression of different types of ion channels in the plasma membrane. The dominant channels that shape neuronal firing patterns are those that are selective for sodium, calcium, and potassium ions. This chapter provides a brief overview of the biophysical properties of each of these classes of channel, their role in shaping the electrical personality of a neuron, and how interactions of these channels with cytoplasmic factors shape the overall cell biology of a neuron.
Convective Storms and the Insurance Industry: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Orwig Kirsten D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Convective storms affect countries worldwide, with billions in losses and dozens of fatalities every year. They are now the key insured loss driver in the United States, even after considering the losses sustained by tropical cyclones in 2017. Since 2008, total insured losses from convective storms have exceeded $10 billion per year. Additionally, these losses continue to increase year over year. Key loss drivers include increased population, buildings, vehicles, and property values. However, other loss drivers relate to construction materials and practices, as well as building code adoption and enforcement. The increasing loss trends pose a number of challenges for the insurance industry and broader society. These challenges are discussed, and some recommendations are presented.
Dysregulated Translation in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Santini Emanuela , Borgkvist Anders 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with complex genetic architecture and heterogeneous symptomatology. Increasing evidence indicates that dysregulated brain protein synthesis is a common pathogenic pathway involved in ASD. Understanding how genetic variants converge on a common molecular signaling pathway in neurons and brain circuits, resulting in ASD-relevant synaptic and behavioral phenotypes, is of great interest in the autism research community. This article focuses on ASD-risk genes and the molecular aspects leading to dysregulated protein synthesis.
Regulation of Professionals and Facilities in Europe
Authors: Madden Deirdre 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter is an overview of the regulation of healthcare in Europe. It demonstrates that regulatory mechanisms in Europe are not straightforward given the complexity of healthcare systems, the balancing of interests involved, the need to avoid political agendas taking priority over the public interest, and the financial and bureaucratic cost of compliance. Right-touch regulation in all sectors tries to strike an appropriate and proportionate balance between liberty and safety, between freedom to innovate and public protection, but the stakes are perhaps higher in healthcare than in other areas due to the potential consequences involved. However, the chapter shows how the increasing level of participation of public interest or lay representatives on regulatory boards and statutory authorities may go some way to providing the public with assurance of the independence of these bodies and their prioritisation of patient safety above all else, but much also depends on the statutory framework underpinning the work of these bodies and the extent to which they are mandated to be rigorous, independent, effective champions of the public interest. Much work has been done in this context, but, as the chapter shows, there remains much more to do.
Patient Autonomy, Capacity, and Consent
Authors: Donnelly Mary , Berg Jessica 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores a number of key issues: the role of competence and capacity, advance directives, and decisions made for others. It analyses the ways these are treated in the United States and in selected European jurisdictions. National-level capacity legislation and human rights norms play a central role in Europe, which means that healthcare decisions in situations of impaired capacity operate in accordance with a national standard. In the United States, the legal framework is more state-based (rather than federal), and the courts have played a significant role, with both common law and legislation varying considerably across jurisdictions. Despite these differences, this chapter identifies some similar legal principles which have developed.
Introduction to Regulation of Professionals and Facilities
Authors: Madden Deirdre , Buck Isaac D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter briefly introduces the regulation of healthcare providers and facilities within the United States and Europe. It shows that even though the regimes differ in key areas, systems in the European Union and the United States share certain overlapping themes. Quality regulation in both systems seeks to prevent harm to patient health from occurring in the first place. Both European and American systems also face challenges posed by definitional limitations around the practice of medicine, and both employ different types of regulation (and softer incentives) in different scenarios. Nonetheless, the systems also differ in key ways. Most prominently, the American system has a more comprehensive and robust regulatory structure for hospitals and entities than some European systems, although there is wide divergence between national systems in Europe.
The Accuracy of Self-Judgments of Personality
Authors: Spain Jana S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
How accurate are self-judgments of personality traits? When it comes to judging our own enduring personality characteristics, are we hopelessly blind, deluded, and biased, or are we generally accurate? In order to answer these questions, this chapter reviews the empirical evidence regarding the accuracy of trait self-judgments. Although self-judgments are not always perfectly accurate, the majority of studies suggest that self-judgments of personality have considerable validity. Self-judgments of both narrow, specific traits and the broad personality factors of the Big Five agree with judgments provided by knowledgeable others and predict personality-relevant states, experiences, behaviors, and consequential life outcomes. Suggestions for improving the accuracy of our self-judgments and directions for future research on the accuracy of trait self-judgments are discussed.
Humanism and the Renaissance
Authors: Monfasani John 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Both the Renaissance and humanism have anachronistically taken on meanings today that betray their historical reality. Emerging from the peculiar lay professional culture of medieval Italy, humanism joined in the Renaissance with other elements of medieval Italian culture to dominate the educated world of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Europe. The Renaissance humanists constituted, in the words of Paul Oskar Kristeller, “a characteristic phase in what may be called the rhetorical tradition in Western culture.” Renaissance humanism created not an ideology or philosophy, but a dynamic set of educated interests and methods dominated by rhetorical and literary interests and focused on imitation of classical eloquence and literature. The humanists would in time powerfully reshape European learning, education, and, ultimately, self-conception. A non-trivial residue of Renaissance humanism is our understanding of the disciplines that make up the humanities and that we view as essential to educated culture.
Revolution and Counterrevolution in Guatemala
Authors: González-Izás Matilde 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article analyzes the dynamics of the participation of Guatemala’s Northwestern land-owning elites in the counterrevolution that led to the forceful deposing, in 1954, of the Arbenz administration. The Arbenz administration had introduced sweeping changes in Guatemalan society and thereby threatened the until-then unquestioned privileges of landowning provincial elites. Emphasis is placed on the perspective from which members of the National Liberation Movement understood the agrarian and labor reforms launched by the two governments of the 1944 Revolution as a communist plot and how they enrolled, as a result, in the National Liberation Army which participated in the coup and perpetrated repressive post-coup actions against those who had benefited from the reforms. This process leads the analysis to ponder over the problematic process in Guatemala of the transition from oligarchy to democracy.
Electrophysiology
Authors: Jacobsen Thomas , Klein Stina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
One important method that can be applied for gaining an understanding of the implementation of aesthetics in the brain is that of electrophysiology. Cognitive electrophysiology, in particular, allows the identification of components in a mental processing architecture. The present chapter reviews findings in the neurocognitive psychology of aesthetics, or neuroaesthetics, that have been obtained with the method of event-related brain potentials (ERPs), as derived from the human electroencephalogram (EEG). The cognitive-perceptual bases, as well as affective sub-stages of aesthetic processing have been investigated, and those are described here. The ERP method allows for the identification of mental processing modes in cognitive and aesthetic processing. It also provides an assessment of the mental chronometry of cognitive and affective stages in aesthetic appreciation. As the work described here shows, distinct processes in the brain are engaged in aesthetic judgments.
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Contribution to Research in Neuroaesthetics
Authors: Cattaneo Zaira 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), are largely employed in cognitive neuroscience to investigate the brain–behavior relationship. During the last decade, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques have been increasingly employed in the field of neuroaesthetics research to shed light on the possible causal role of different brain regions contributing to aesthetic appreciation. This chapter provides a synthetic description of mechanisms of actions of TMS and different types of tES, and reviews recent NIBS studies that have shed light on the neural underpinning of aesthetic evaluation of (visual) artworks. The chapter also considers methodological limitations of the reviewed studies and the future potential for non-invasive brain stimulation to significantly contribute to the understanding of the neural bases of visual aesthetic experiences.
Aesthetic Sensitivity
Authors: Myszkowski Nils 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Since the beginning of the time when researchers have endeavored to understand and identify giftedness and individual ability, they have been attentive to how individuals differ in their capacity to recognize aesthetic quality—a construct that is frequently referred to as aesthetic sensitivity. In this chapter, I first attempt to clarify what the intricate construct of aesthetic sensitivity refers to—and what it does not. Then, I briefly depict the century-old history of research on the topic. Later, I examine the main challenges that arise from the accurate measurement of aesthetic sensitivity, and the strategies used to face such challenges. Afterwards, I discuss the relations between aesthetic sensitivity and mental ability, as well as with personality. I later discuss the training and development of aesthetic sensitivity. Finally, I review the current limitations of—and propose future directions for—research on the topic.