bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cask methylation involved in the injury of insulin secretion function caused by interleukin1‐β
Authors: Wang Tian‐yuan , Liu Xing‐jing , Xie Jin‐yang , Yuan Qing‐zhao , Wang Yao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIslet inflammation severely impairs pancreatic β‐cell function, but the specific mechanisms are still unclear. Interleukin1‐β (IL‐1β), an essential inflammatory factor, exerts a vital role in multiple physio‐pathologic processes, including diabetes. Calcium/calmodulin‐dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) is an important regulator especially in insulin secretion process. This study aims to unveil the function of CASK in IL‐1β–induced insulin secretion dysfunction and the possible mechanism thereof. Islets of Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats and INS‐1 cells stimulated with IL‐1β were utilized as models of chronic inflammation. Insulin secretion function associated with Cask and DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) expression were assessed. The possible mechanisms of IL‐1β‐induced pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction were also explored. In this study, CASK overexpression effectively improved IL‐1β‐induced islet β‐cells dysfunction, increased insulin secretion. DNA methyltransferases and the level of methylation in the promoter region of Cask were elevated after IL‐1β administration. Methyltransferase inhibitor 5‐Aza‐2’‐deoxycytidine (5‐Aza‐dC) and si‐DNMTs partially up‐regulated CASK expression and reversed potassium stimulated insulin secretion (KSIS) and glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) function under IL‐1β treatment in INS‐1 and rat islets. These results reveal a previously unknown effect of IL‐1β on insulin secretion dysfunction and demonstrate a novel pathway for Cask silencing based on activation of DNA methyltransferases via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and modification of gene promoter methylation.
Shared decision‐making and maternity care in the deep learning age: Acknowledging and overcoming inherited defeaters
Authors: Begley Keith , Begley Cecily , Smith Valerie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn recent years there has been an explosion of interest in Artificial Intelligence (AI) both in health care and academic philosophy. This has been due mainly to the rise of effective machine learning and deep learning algorithms, together with increases in data collection and processing power, which have made rapid progress in many areas. However, use of this technology has brought with it philosophical issues and practical problems, in particular, epistemic and ethical. In this paper the authors, with backgrounds in philosophy, maternity care practice and clinical research, draw upon and extend a recent framework for shared decision‐making (SDM) that identified a duty of care to the client's knowledge as a necessary condition for SDM. This duty entails the responsibility to acknowledge and overcome epistemic defeaters. This framework is applied to the use of AI in maternity care, in particular, the use of machine learning and deep learning technology to attempt to enhance electronic fetal monitoring (EFM). In doing so, various sub‐kinds of epistemic defeater, namely, transparent, opaque, underdetermined, and inherited defeaters are taxonomized and discussed. The authors argue that, although effective current or future AI‐enhanced EFM may impose an epistemic obligation on the part of clinicians to rely on such systems' predictions or diagnoses as input to SDM, such obligations may be overridden by inherited defeaters, caused by a form of algorithmic bias. The existence of inherited defeaters implies that the duty of care to the client's knowledge extends to any situation in which a clinician (or anyone else) is involved in producing training data for a system that will be used in SDM. Any future AI must be capable of assessing women individually, taking into account a wide range of factors including women's preferences, to provide a holistic range of evidence for clinical decision‐making.
Evaluation of shade matching of a novel supra‐nano filled esthetic resin composite employing structural color using simplified simulated clinical cavities
Authors: Chen Fei , Toida Yu , Islam Rafiqul , Alam Arefin , Chowdhury Abu Faem Mohammad Almas , Yamauti Monica , Sano Hidehiko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the shade matching ability of a novel supra‐nano filled esthetic resin composite employing structural color technology using simplified simulated clinical cavities. Filler morphology and light transmittance characteristics were also evaluated.Materials and MethodsOne‐hundred and twenty frames of resin composite were built in A1, A2, A3, and A4 shades to simulate Class I cavities (diameter = 4 mm, height = 2 mm). For each shaded frame, cavities were filled with three different types of filler containing resin composites (n = 10): supra‐nano filled (SN filled) resin composite, microhybrid filled (MH filled) resin composite, and clustered‐nano filled (CN filled) resin composite. Color parameters were calculated using CIELAB (△Eab) and CIEDE2000 (△E00). Data were analyzed using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan's test (α = .05). Filler morphology and light transmittance characteristics were measured to explore the role of structural color on shade matching.Results△Eab and △E00 of SN filled resin composite were significantly lower in A2, A3, and A4 shades (P < .05).ConclusionsThe SN filled resin composite showed better shade matching with A2, A3, and A4 shades of resin composite frames compared to MH filled resin composite, and CN filled resin composite.Clinical SignificanceUniversal‐shade resin composites, which were expected to match nearly all shades, simplify the restorative procedure. Resin composite, which contained spherical supra‐nano filler particles, could contribute most to its shade matching by stimulating structural color. Structural color technology may provide additional benefits for shade matching of resin composites.
Effect of surface finishing and polishing procedures on color properties and translucency of monolithic zirconia restorations at varying thickness
Authors: Saker Samah , Özcan Mutlu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the impact of monolithic zirconia thickness on its color properties after different surface finishing and polishing procedures, and following aging in coffee solution.Materials and methodsTwo types of monolithic zirconia brands [Prettau Anterior (PA) and DD Cubex2 (DDC)] with three different thicknesses: 0.5, 1, and 1.5, and 10 mm diameter were tested. The color properties were evaluated after various surface finishing procedures (glazing, adjusting with burs + glaze, polishing, adjusting with burs + polishing) and after 5,000 cycles in a coffee solution were evaluated. The differences in color (ΔE) and translucency, were calculated and statistically analyzed by three‐way ANOVA and pairwise comparison (α = 0.05).ResultsThe brand, material thickness, and surface finishing protocol before and after coffee thermocycling had significant effect on color variations (p < 0.001). For translucency, 3‐way ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between the material thickness and surface finishing protocol following aging in coffee solution (p < 0.001), however no significant interaction was observed following the surface finishing protocols (p = 0.247).ConclusionsThe optical properties of monolithic zirconia ceramics can be influenced by the material brand, material thickness and the procedure of surface finishing and polishing.Clinical significanceClinicians should take into consideration the potential change of the color properties of monolithic zirconia restorations following both contouring and occlusal adjustment procedures and coffee intake.
Translucency parameter of conventional restorative glass‐ionomer cements
Authors: Uchimura Joana Yumi Teruya , Sato Francielle , Santana Rosangela Getirana , Menezes‐Silva Rafael , Bueno Ligia S. , Borges Ana Flávia Sanches , de Lima Navarro Maria Fidela , Nicholson John W. , Sidhu Sharanbir K. , Pascotto Renata Corrêa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the translucency parameter (TP) and contrast ratio (CR) of different conventional restorative glass‐ionomer cements (GICs).Materials and methodsEighteen brands of GICs were evaluated. Five disks of each material were made following ISO 9917‐1. The luminous reflectance and Central Bureau of the International Commission on Illumination parameters of disks were evaluated using a colorimeter, against backings of white and black, to obtain the translucent parameter and contrast ratio of different brands of glass‐ionomer cements. The correlation between translucency parameter and contrast ratio was assessed with the Pearson correlation test. The translucent and contrast ratio parameters values were submitted to the one‐way ANOVA and Tukey test for multiple comparisons (p < 0.05).ResultsThere was a strong inverse relationship between CR and TP (r2 = 0.94, p < 0.001). The contrast ratio decreased as translucency increased. There were significant differences in TP and CR among brands (p < 0.001).ConlusionsGICs exhibit different translucency and contrast ratio behavior. Some brands of GICs presented very low TP and this condition would be unacceptable for areas with esthetic demands. In addition, TP and CR showed a strong linear relationship.Clinical significanceThe results found in this study demonstrated that the knowledge of the translucency and CR of different conventional restorative GICs is important in order to guide clinicians in the selection of restorative GICs for anterior teeth.
GENDER DISPARITIES IN INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH COLLABORATION: A STUDY OF 25,000 UNIVERSITY PROFESSORS
Authors: Kwiek Marek , Roszka Wojciech 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this large‐scale research based on bibliometric, biographical and administrative data, we examine how gender disparities in international research collaboration differ by collaboration intensity, academic position, age, and academic discipline. The following are the major findings: (1) While female scientists exhibit a higher rate of general, national, and institutional collaboration, male scientists exhibit a higher rate of international collaboration. (2) An aggregated picture of gender disparities hides a more nuanced cross‐disciplinary picture of them. (3) An analysis of international research collaboration at three separate intensity levels (low, medium, and high) reveals that male scientists dominate in international collaboration at each level. However, at each level, there are specific disciplines in which females collaborate internationally more than males. Furthermore (4), gender disparities in international research collaboration are clearly linked with age: they are the lowest and statistically insignificant for young scientists and the highest and statistically significant for the oldest scientists. Finally, we estimate the odds ratios of being involved in international research collaboration using an analytical linear logistic model. The examined sample includes 25,463 internationally visible Polish university professors from 85 universities, grouped into 24 disciplines, and 158,743 Scopus‐indexed articles.
Cross‐sectional study on the quality of oral lichen planus videos on YouTube™
Authors: Romano Antonio , Lauritano Dorina , Fiori Fausto , Di Petrillo Marco , Hasan Iquebal , Lucchese Alberta , Serpico Rosario , Di Stasio Dario 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundYouTube™ is one of the most used platforms for patients looking for health‐related information. The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to analyze the available information about oral lichen planus on YouTube™ and how users interact with it.MethodsA YouTube™ search for oral lichen planus was performed, setting English UK (language) and United Kingdom (country). Two hundred and fifteen results were screened, and 36 videos met the inclusion criteria. Videos' quality was evaluated using the DISCERN and the Global Quality Scale tools, and by categorizing them through quality assessment, source, duration, views, likes, and dislikes of each video were noted.ResultsAccording to quality assessments, 55.6% of the videos were classified as useful, while the 35.1% were classified as misleading/dangerous. The DISCERN and GQS values were generally low (31.56 ± 10.38 and 2.33 ± 1.07, respectively); DISCERN and GQS were positively correlated with the video length and negatively correlate with the data of upload (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study corroborates the results of others that a great number of health‐related videos available on YouTube™ feature misleading or potentially dangerous information; although the quality seems to slightly improve over time, medical associations and researchers ought to plan strategies aimed at improving the quality of the information delivered through YouTube™ and other social media.
The Geographic Impact of Buprenorphine Expansion to Nurse Practitioner Prescribers in Oregon
Authors: Klein Tracy A. , Geddes Jonah , Hartung Daniel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeWe examined the impact on geographic distribution of medications to treat opioid use disorder (MOUD) in Oregon after the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act (CARA) was implemented in February 2017 to include nurse practitioner (NP) prescribers.MethodsWe conducted interrupted time series analysis with linear regression on prescriptions dispensed for buprenorphine used for MOUD in the Oregon Prescription Drug Monitoring Database written by physician (MD/DO) and NP prescribers January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018. We analyzed total prescriptions by prescriber type and pharmacy ZIP Code using STATA 16.1.FindingsFrom January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018, 420,765 eligible prescriptions were written by waivered MD/DO and/or NP prescribers. Prior to CARA, buprenorphine use was increasing steadily at 140 prescriptions per month (95% CI: 78‐201; P < .01). Following CARA, dispensing increased by 88 prescriptions per month (95% CI: 23‐152; P = .01). The absolute number increased in rural areas immediately after CARA implementation (368 prescriptions; 95% CI: 124‐613; P < .01). NP contribution to total buprenorphine prescribing increased significantly in both urban and rural areas (0.44% per month [95% CI: 0.30%‐0.57%; P < .01] and 0.74% per month [95% CI: 0.62%‐0.85%; P < .01]). The contribution of NPs had a particularly large impact for very rural (frontier) areas, where NPs provided 36% of all buprenorphine prescriptions by the end of 2018.ConclusionChanges in federal law regarding MOUD had a positive impact on both supply and geographic distribution in Oregon, particularly in frontier areas comprising 10 of 36 counties (27%).
Decision‐making and best practices for taxonomy‐free environmental DNA metabarcoding in biomonitoring using Hill numbers
Authors: Mächler Elvira , Walser Jean‐Claude , Altermatt Florian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is raising expectations for biomonitoring of organisms that have hitherto been neglected. To bypass current limitations in taxonomic assignments due to incomplete or erroneous reference databases, taxonomy‐free approaches are proposed for biomonitoring at the level of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). This is challenging, because OTUs cannot be annotated and directly compared against classically derived taxonomic data. The application of good stringency treatments to infer the validity of OTUs and clear understanding of the consequences of such treatments is especially relevant for biodiversity assessments. We investigated how common practices of stringency filtering affect eDNA diversity estimates in the statistical framework of Hill numbers. We collected water eDNA samples at 61 sites across a 740‐km2 river catchment, reflecting a spatially realistic scenario in biomonitoring. After bioinformatic processing of the data, we studied how different stringency treatments affect conclusions with respect to biodiversity at the catchment and site levels. The applied stringency treatments were based on the consistent appearance of OTUs across filter replicates, a relative abundance cut‐off and rarefaction. We detected large differences in diversity estimates when accounting for presence/absence only, such that detected diversity at the catchment scale differed by an order of magnitude between the treatments. These differences disappeared when using stringency treatments with increasing weighting of the OTU abundances. Our study demonstrated the usefulness of Hill numbers for biodiversity analyses and comparisons of eDNA data sets that strongly differ in diversity. We recommend best practice for data stringency filtering for biomonitoring using eDNA.
Global negative effects of nutrient enrichment on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, plant diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality
Authors: Ma Xiaocui , Geng Qinghong , Zhang Huiguang , Bian Chenyu , Chen Han Y. H. , Jiang Dalong , Xu Xia 
Published: November 2020

Summary

Despite widespread anthropogenic nutrient enrichment, it remains unclear how nutrient enrichment influences plant–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis and ecosystem multifunctionality at the global scale.

Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis to examine the worldwide effects of nutrient enrichment on AMF and plant diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality using data of field experiments from 136 papers.

Our analyses showed that nutrient addition simultaneously decreased AMF diversity and abundance belowground and plant diversity aboveground at the global scale. The decreases in AMF diversity and abundance associated with nutrient addition were more pronounced with increasing experimental duration, mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP). Nutrient addition‐induced changes in soil pH and available phosphorus (P) predominantly regulated the responses of AMF diversity and abundance. Furthermore, AMF diversity correlated with ecosystem multifunctionality under nutrient addition worldwide.

Our findings identify the negative effects of nutrient enrichment on AMF and plant diversity and suggest that AMF diversity is closely linked with ecosystem function. This study offers an important advancement in our understanding of plant–AMF interactions and their likely responses to ongoing global change.
A quality improvement initiative to improve management of procedural pain in preterm neonates
Authors: Anne Rajendra Prasad , Deshabhotla Saikiran , Ahmed Shaista Waheed , Ahmed Saadiya Jaleel , Reddy Navneeth , Farooqui Dilnaaz , Oleti Tejo Pratap 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeonates managed in neonatal intensive care units undergo several invasive procedures. However, neonatal procedural pain is not well recognized and managed in most neonatal units.AimsTo decrease the severity of procedural pain in preterm neonates (<37 weeks gestational age at birth), as measured by Premature Infant Pain Profile , by 50% by April 2020.MethodsA quality improvement initiative was conducted in a level 3 neonatal intensive care unit in South India. The pain was assessed independently by 2 interns not involved in clinical care using Premature Infant Pain Profile. After a baseline data recording and questionnaire assessing knowledge of healthcare personnel regarding neonatal pain, the interventions were planned. These were conducted as plan‐do‐study‐act cycles—(i) Educational sessions, (ii) Introduction of bedside visual aids, (iii) Simulation sessions demonstrating the use of nonpharmacological measures and introduction of procedure surveillance chart in daily rounds, and (iv) Video feedback‐based sessions. In the maintenance phase, the observations were continued.ResultsThe healthcare personnel under recognized pain related to heel pricks and endotracheal intubation. They also had poor awareness of signs and symptoms of neonatal pain. A total of 202 procedures were observed during the study period. The mean pain score decreased significantly from 12.8 ± 4.5 in baseline period to 6.2 ± 1.8 in the maintenance phase. The use of analgesic measures increased from 13% in the baseline period to 73% in the maintenance phase. The use of automated lancet for heel prick increased from 0% to 94% in maintenance phase. More and more procedures were done with appropriate environment and baby state. The mean number of procedures per day decreased from 6.5 ± 1.8 in baseline period to 2.7 ± 0.9 in the maintenance phase.ConclusionsTargeted interventions can improve neonatal procedural pain management by improving use of analgesic measures, decreasing the number of procedures, and educating and training healthcare personnel.
Context Sensitivity and Chance
Authors: Harr Quinn 
Published: November 2020

Abstract‘Chance’ is arguably a context‐sensitive expression, a fact that some have thought bears upon the debate about the compatibility of determinism with objective, non‐trivial chances (chances with values other than 0 or 1). In this paper, I argue that this attempted move from context sensitivity to compatibilism is misguided, for a number of reasons. First, it relies on a theory of context sensitivity that we have independent reason to reject. Second, the resulting compatibilist position leaves unanswered precisely the sorts of questions we reasonably expect a metaphysical account of chance to answer.
Phosphatidic acid and hydrogen peroxide coordinately enhance heat tolerance in tall fescue
Authors: Zhang X. , Gao Y. , Zhuang L. , Hu Q. , Huang B. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Phosphatidic acid (PA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) play roles in regulating plant responses to abiotic stress. The objective of this study was to determine effects of H2O2 or PA, individually and interactively, with a H2O2 scavenging molecule, N,N'‐dimethylthoiurea (DMTU), on plant tolerance to heat stress in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea).

Plants were treated with PA (25 µm), H2O2 (5 mm) and PA (25 µm) + DMTU (5 mm) by foliar application and then exposed to heat stress (38/33 °C) or optimal temperature (23/18 °C, day/night) for 28 days.

Foliar application of PA and H2O2 alone resulted in increases in leaf fresh weight, chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency and cellular membrane stability in plants exposed to heat stress, whereas addition of DMTU suppressed the positive effects of PA. Expression levels of genes encoding the PA synthesizing enzyme, FaPLDδ, were significantly up‐regulated by H2O2. Phosphatidic acid‐ or H2O2‐enhanced heat tolerance was associated with the activation of stress signalling components (FaCDPK3, FaMPK6, FaMPK3), transcription factors (FaMBF1 and FaHsfA2c) and heat shock proteins (FaHSP18, FaHSP70 and FaHSP90).

Phosphatidic acid and H2O2 may work in coordination to further improve heat tolerance, involving up‐regulation of transcription factors in stress signalling cascades and heat protection systems.
Integrable symplectic maps associated with discrete Korteweg‐de Vries‐type equations
Authors: Xu Xiaoxue , Jiang Mengmeng , Nijhoff Frank W 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present novel integrable symplectic maps, associated with ordinary difference equations, and show how they determine, in a remarkably diverse manner, the integrability, including Lax pairs and the explicit solutions, for integrable partial difference equations which are the discrete counterparts of integrable partial differential equations of Korteweg‐de Vries‐type (KdV‐type). As a consequence it is demonstrated that several distinct Hamiltonian systems lead to one and the same difference equation by means of the Liouville integrability framework. Thus, these integrable symplectic maps may provide an efficient tool for characterizing, and determining the integrability of, partial difference equations.