bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micronutrients enhance macronutrient effects in a meta‐analysis of grassland arthropod abundance
Authors: Prather Rebecca M. , Castillioni Karen , Kaspari Michael , Souza Lara , Prather Chelse M. , Reihart Ryan W. , Welti Ellen A. R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimOngoing alterations to Earth’s biogeochemical cycles (e.g., via fertilization, burning of fossil fuels, and pollution) are expected to impact plants, plant consumers and all subsequent trophic levels. While fertilization experiments often reveal arthropod nutrient limitation by nitrogen and phosphorus via effects on plant nutrient density and biomass, these macronutrients are only two of many nutrients important to arthropod fitness. Micronutrients are key to osmoregulation and enzyme function and can interact synergistically with macronutrients to shape the geography of arthropod abundance. We examine arthropod response to macro‐ and micronutrient fertilization as a function of nutrient type, application amount, duration, frequency, and plant responses to fertilization with the goal of addressing how ongoing alterations to biogeochemical cycles will shape future grassland food webs.LocationGlobal.Time period1987–2018.Major taxa studiedInvertebrates.MethodsWe compiled a database of 62 studies to test the response of six arthropod trophic groups to multiple fertilizer types (compositions of varying macro‐ and micronutrients), quantities, application frequencies, and application durations. Additionally, we examined the role of plant nutrient content and biomass in mediating arthropod responses to fertilization.ResultsMicronutrients applied alone had no effects on plant biomass or arthropod abundance. However, when added with macronutrients, micronutrients amplified the effect of N, P and K in promoting arthropod abundance, a synergy that did not affect plant biomass. Micronutrients thus catalysed the ability of macronutrients to promote arthropod abundance across all guilds studied.Main conclusionsIn grasslands, the rules governing the abundance of autotrophs and their consumers appear to differ fundamentally in their response to Earth’s changing biogeochemistry. By revealing the importance of micronutrients for arthropods using a global dataset, we highlight a stoichiometric mismatch between limits of plants and arthropods for metal cations whose biogeochemistry, along with N and P, are being actively rearranged in the Anthropocene.
Simulating forest resilience: A review
Authors: Albrich Katharina , Rammer Werner , Turner Monica G. , Ratajczak Zak , Braziunas Kristin H. , Hansen Winslow D. , Seidl Rupert 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimSimulation models are important tools for quantifying the resilience (i.e., persistence under changed environmental conditions) of forest ecosystems to global change. We synthesized the modelling literature on forest resilience, summarizing common models and applications in resilience research, and scrutinizing the implementation of important resilience mechanisms in these models. Models applied to assess resilience are highly diverse, and our goal was to assess how well they account for important resilience mechanisms identified in experimental and empirical research.LocationGlobal.Time period1994 to 2019.Major taxa studiedTrees.MethodsWe reviewed the forest resilience literature using online databases, selecting 119 simulation modelling studies for further analysis. We identified a set of resilience mechanisms from the general resilience literature and analysed models for their representation of these mechanisms. Analyses were grouped by investigated drivers (resilience to what) and responses (resilience of what), as well as by the type of model being used.ResultsModels used to study forest resilience varied widely, from analytical approaches to complex landscape simulators. The most commonly addressed questions were associated with resilience of forest cover to fire. Important resilience mechanisms pertaining to regeneration, soil processes, and disturbance legacies were explicitly simulated in only 34 to 46% of the model applications.Main conclusionsWe found a large gap between processes identified as underpinning forest resilience in the theoretical and empirical literature, and those represented in models used to assess forest resilience. Contemporary forest models developed for other goals may be poorly suited for studying forest resilience during an era of accelerating change. Our results highlight the need for a new wave of model development to enhance understanding of and management for resilient forests.
Comparative evaluation of efficacy of enzymatic toothpaste over standard fluoridated toothpaste in reduction of plaque and gingivitis
Authors: Subramanya Ashwin Parakkaje , Prabhuji Varun , Vardhan Karthikeyan Bangalore , MLV Prabhuji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo compare and evaluate the efficacy of enzymatic toothpaste v/s standard fluoridated toothpaste in reduction of plaque and gingivitis during maintenance phase after non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT).Materials and MethodsA total of 52 participants belonging to age 20–50 years eligible for inclusion were randomly chosen from the outpatient department. Computer‐generated randomization was followed to recruit the subjects into two groups. 26 subjects were assigned to control group who were given with control toothpaste (standard fluoridated toothpaste), while 26 subjects were assigned to test group (enzymatic toothpaste) and given with test toothpaste. The amount of dental plaque and gingivitis were assessed baseline visit and at 6‐week follow‐up visit using Turesky‐Gilmore‐Glickman modification of the Quigley‐Hein plaque index (TQHPI) 1970, Gingival Index (GI) – (Löe and Sillness 1963) and Full Mouth Bleeding Score (FMBS), respectively. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS® version 22.ResultsIntergroup comparison of TQHPI, GI and FMBS among test and control group has shown that test group had statistically significant lower values than the control group at the follow‐up visit. (p = 0.006*, p = 0.001*, p = 0.001*, respectively).ConclusionsWithin the limitations of our study, it can be concluded that test toothpaste has shown to be efficient than the previously set standard control fluoridated toothpaste in terms of reduction of plaque and gingivitis during maintenance phase after non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT).
Screening method for congenital dysfibrinogenemia using clot waveform analysis with the Clauss method
Authors: Arai Shinpei , Kamijo Tomu , Hayashi Fumiaki , Shinohara Sho , Arai Nobuo , Sugano Mitsutoshi , Uehara Takeshi , Honda Takayuki , Okumura Nobuo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionCongenital fibrinogen disorders (CFDs) are classified as afibrinogenemia or hypofibrinogenemia (Hypo), dysfibrinogenemia (Dys), or hypodysfibrinogenemia (Hypodys), according to functional and antigenic fibrinogen concentrations. However, in routine laboratory tests, plasma fibrinogen levels are mostly measured using the functional Clauss method and not as an antigenic level. Therefore, it is difficult to discriminate CFD from acquired hypofibrinogenemia (aHypo). To establish a screening method for CFD, we investigated the parameters of clot waveform analysis (CWA) from the Clauss method.MethodsWe compared fibrinogen concentrations determined using Clauss and prothrombin time (PT)‐derived methods for 67 aHypo and CFD cases (19 Dys, 4 Hypodys, and 1 Hypo determined using antigen levels and DNA sequence analysis) with a CS‐2400 instrument, and the CWA parameters, dH and Min1, were analyzed automatically with an on‐board algorithm. dH and Min1 are the maximum change in transmittance at the end of coagulation and the maximum velocity of transmittance change during coagulation, respectively.ResultsClauss/PT‐derived ratios detected 18 cases of Dys and Hypodys but no Hypo cases, whereas Clauss/dH plus Clauss/Min1 ratios were calculated from fibrinogen concentration using the Clauss method and CWA parameters detected 21 cases of Dys and Hypodys and one Hypo case. Moreover, the Clauss/PT‐derived ratio and Clauss/dH plus Clauss/Min1 ratio detected 22 cases of Dys and Hypodys cases and one Hypo case.ConclusionThis report demonstrates that CWA parameters of the Clauss method, Clauss/dH plus Clauss/Min1 ratio, screened Dys patients with a higher rate, whereas Clauss/PT‐derived ratios did not.
The kinetid structure of two oscarellid sponges (Class Homoscleromorpha) unveils plesiomorphies in kinetids of Homoscleromorpha–Calcarea lineage
Authors: Pozdnyakov Igor R. , Sokolova Agniya M. , Ereskovsky Alexander V. , Karpov Sergey A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe structure of the kinetid (flagellar or ciliary apparatus) is known to be of phylogenetic significance in sponges (Phylum Porifera) and can provide information about evolutionary relationships. Here, we report on the larval kinetid structure of two closely related species, Oscarella lobularis and O. tuberculata (Homoscleromorpha, Oscarellidae). Cells belonging to the four previously recognized morphological regions (anterior pole, lateral zone, paracrystalline belt, and posterior pole) were studied. The cells of the paracrystalline belt have pear‐shaped nuclei with a paracrystalline inclusion connected to the roots of the kinetid. In the cells of other zones, the nucleus is separated from the kinetid, and the roots adjoined the Golgi apparatus only. In kinetids of the studied larval cells, we observed the accessory centriole arranged immediately under the kinetosome, and two unequal fibrillar roots. These features are unique for sponge larvae. Comparing kinetids of the Homoscleromorpha with those in its sister group, the Calcarea, we propose an ancestral composition for the kinetid in the lineage Calcarea + Homoscleromorpha. This proposed kinetid structure includes a kinetosome–nucleus link, striated roots, simple basal foot, orthogonal centriole, and a long transition zone of the flagellum. The position of the centriole under the kinetosome in homoscleromorph larvae and the stout fibrillar or microtubular bundle on the kinetosome in calcarean larvae might be the apomorphies of these groups.
Association between serum albumin and peripheral arterial disease in hypertensive patients
Authors: Ding Congcong , Wang Hua , Huang Xiao , Hu Lihua , Shi Yumeng , Li Minghui , Yu Yu , Zhou Wei , Wang Tao , Zhu Lingjuan , Bao Huihui , Cheng Xiaoshu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe authors aimed to evaluate the relationship of serum albumin with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and investigate any possible effect modifiers in hypertensive patients. In the cross‐sectional study, a total of 10,900 Chinese hypertensive patients aged ≥18 years were enrolled. The outcome was PAD, defined as an ankle‐brachial index (ABI) <0.90 in either leg. The overall mean (SD) serum albumin was 46.8 (4.2) g/L. There were significant inverse associations of serum albumin with PAD (per SD increment; OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.94). Compared with the lowest tertile (<45.1 g/L), the multivariate‐adjusted ORs (95% CI) for participants in the middle tertile (45.1‐48.2 g/L) and highest tertile (≥48.2 g/L) of serum albumin were 0.89 (95% CI: 0.67, 1.16) and 0.65 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.90), respectively. Conversely, lower albumin (<48.2 g/L) concentrations were associated with increased odds of PAD (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.08‐1.96) compared with higher concentrations. Furthermore, the albumin–PAD association was significantly stronger in males (OR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.31, 3.30) than in females (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.70, 1.58; p interaction = .024). In conclusion, among Chinese hypertensive adults, lower serum albumin was associated with the prevalence of PAD only in males but not in females.
High urinary glucose is associated with improved renal prognosis in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Itano Yuya , Sobajima Hiroshi , Ohashi Norimi , Shibata Taiga , Fujiya Atsushi , Nagata Takanobu , Ando Masahiko , Imaizumi Takahiro , Kubo Yoko , Ozeki Takaya , Katsuno Takayuki , Kato Sawako , Yasuda Yoshinari , Maruyama Shoichi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe relationship between renal function and urinary glucose is poorly understood in diabetes patients who are not using sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. This study aimed to investigate the association of urinary glucose excretion with renal function prognosis in such patients.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 1,172 patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients were recruited and data were collected between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2011; follow‐up data were collected until 30 June 2015. The primary outcome was set as a 30% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate relative to baseline. The relationship between this outcome and urinary glucose was investigated using Cox proportional hazards model. For analysis, patients were categorized into two groups: urinary glucose <5 g/day or ≥5 g/day. Interaction terms were analyzed.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed that the prognosis of renal function was significantly better in patients with high urinary glucose (≥5 g/day; adjusted hazard ratio 0.58, 95% confidence interval 0.35–0.96; P = 0.034). Significant interactions were observed between high urinary glucose and male sex (hazard ratio 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.14–0.74; P = 0.007), and between high urinary glucose and longer duration of diabetes (≥10 years; hazard ratio 0.25, 95% confidence interval 0.11–0.58; P = 0.001).ConclusionsThe present study suggests that high urinary glucose is associated with prognosis in diabetes patients not taking sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. Measurement of 24‐h urinary glucose excretion might have clinical utility for predicting renal prognosis.
Distribution patterns and habitat associations ofSandelia bainsii(Teleostei:Anabantidae), a highly threatened narrow‐range endemic freshwater fish
Authors: Sifundza Delsy S. , Chakona Albert , Kadye Wilbert T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSandelia bainsiiis a range‐restricted and highly threatened freshwater fish endemic to South Africa. Recent genetic evidence suggests that this species comprises three allopatrically distributed lineages that have been informally designated asSandeliasp. “Kowie,”Sandeliasp. “Keiskamma” andSandeliasp. “Buffalo.” As these lineages have only been recently identified and are likely to face a high risk of extinction because of restricted distributions, there is a critical need for generating ecological information to guide conservation prioritisation. The present study compared the historical and current distribution patterns, together with the habitat associations ofSandeliasp. “Kowie” in the Koonap and Kat rivers, tributaries of the Great Fish River. This study indicated that this lineage has been extirpated from one of the three localities in the Koonap River where it was historically abundant. In the Kat River, the current distribution ofSandeliasp. “Kowie” was comparable to its historical range, but its future persistence is threatened by the presence of non‐native piscivores, instream physical barriers and potential future exploration for shale gas and infrastructure development in the Karoo Basin. A generalised hurdle negative binomial model revealed that although this lineage's probability of occurrence was high in habitats with boulder and sand substrates, and low conductivity, habitat characteristics were poor predictors of its abundance. Thus, it was postulated that the current range of this lineage probably represents the only available habitats for the persistence of different life stages for this taxon. Alternatively, the observed patterns may suggest the possibility of a shift in habitat associations, possibly for optimum utilisation of the remaining refugia within this river system. Immediate conservation measures should focus on preventing the spread on non‐native invasive fishes, whereas future studies should evaluate the impacts of population fragmentation and identify appropriate intervention measures to maintain this lineage's long‐term adaptive potential.
Nurses’ experiences of compassionate care in the palliative pathway
Authors: Skorpen Tarberg Anett , Landstad Bodil J. , Hole Torstein , Thronæs Morten , Kvangarsnes Marit 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesThe aim was to explore how nurses experience compassionate care for patients with cancer and family caregivers in different phases of the palliative pathway.BackgroundCompassion is fundamental to palliative care and viewed as a cornerstone of high‐quality care provision. Healthcare authorities emphasize that patients should have the opportunity to stay at home for as long as possible. There are, however, care deficiencies in the palliative pathway.DesignThis study employed a qualitative design using focus groups and a hermeneutic approach.MethodsFour focus groups with three to seven female nurses in each group were conducted in Mid‐Norway in 2018. Nurses’ ages ranged from 28–60 years (mean age = 45 years), and they were recruited through purposive sampling (N = 21). Compassionate care was chosen as the theoretical framework. Reporting followed the COREQ guidelines.ResultsThree themes expressing compassionate care related to different phases of the pathway were identified: (a) information and dialogue, (b) creating a space for dying and (c) family caregivers’ acceptance of death.ConclusionsThis study showed that it was crucial to create a space for dying, characterized by trust, collaboration, good relationships, empathy, attention, silence, caution, slowness, symptom relief and the absence of noise and conflict.Relevance to clinical practiceThe quality of compassion possessed by individual practitioners, as well as the overall design of the healthcare system, must be considered when creating compassionate care for patients and their family caregivers. Nursing educators and health authorities should pay attention to the development of compassion in education and practice. Further research should highlight patients’ and family caregivers’ experiences of compassionate care and determine how healthcare systems can support compassionate care.
Association between dietary inflammatory index and inflammatory biomarkers with outcomes of in vitro fertilization treatment
Authors: Diba‐Bagtash Fatemeh , Shahnazi Mahnaz , Ghasemzadeh Alieh , Jahanjoo Fatemeh , Dolatkhah Neda , Farshbaf‐Khalili Azizeh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate associations between dietary inflammatory index (DII), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) with outcomes of in vitro fertilization treatment.MethodsThis observational prospective study included 144 women undergoing fresh in vitro fertilization cycles who attended infertility center of Al‐Zahra Hospital in Tabriz, Iran. DII was computed based on dietary intake assessed using a 3‐day 24‐h food record diary. Outcomes of in vitro fertilization in this study were considered fertilization rate, embryo quality and positive pregnancy test. Inflammatory biomarkers were measured on the day of embryo transfer.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between pregnant and nonpregnant women in terms of infertility and demographic characteristics, quantity of retrieved and fertilized oocytes, fertilization rate and number of transferred embryos (P > 0.05). The mean quality scores of resultant embryos (P < 0.001) and transferred embryos (P = 0.019) were significantly lower in the group of pregnant women, indicating the better quality among them. Median (percentile 25–75th) DII in the pregnant women was 1.8 (0.5–2.7) and in the nonpregnant women was 1.6 (0.3–2.6). DII was significantly related to hs‐CRP (r = 0.198, P = 0.017) but not to IL‐6. There were no significant relationships between DII, serum hs‐CRP, IL‐6 and in vitro fertilization outcomes (P > 0.05).ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that serum hs‐CRP and IL‐6 concentration and DII are not predictive markers of in vitro fertilization cycle outcomes in women undergoing in vitro fertilization.
Development of a Portuguese smell test: A novel hospital compounding formulation to improve diagnosis of olfactory dysfunction
Authors: Chaves Carolina , Marto Joana , Santos Mário , Duarte‐Ramos Filipa , Alcobia Armando , Antunes Luís , Bronze M. Rosário , Ribeiro Helena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAbout half of the population aged over 60 years mention they have an olfactory dysfunction. However, the diagnosis is challenging since the identification of odors is personal and cultural, conditioning the selection of effective olfactory tests. This study aimed to identify typical odors recognized by the Portuguese population in order to develop and characterize a smell test kit adapted to this specific population to be used to diagnose olfactory dysfunctions. For this, a national cross‐sectional survey with 348 healthy participants, allowed the identification of 22 characteristic odors for Portuguese population. The orange odor was chosen by 56% of the individuals that answered the survey and this fragrance was selected for pre‐formulation studies. Then, polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐based formulations were developed and characterized. It was observed that the type and amount of PEG and fragrances influenced the rheology, morphology, texture and crystalline structures of the formulations. Based on the results obtained, structure characterization and sensorial analysis responses, compounding and processing, a formulation was selected. Then, the kit was assembled with 22 fragrance PEG‐based formulations and one odorless (control).Practical applicationThis study aimed to identify 22 odors among different categories recognizable by the Portuguese population in order to develop a suitable smell test kit to diagnose olfactory dysfunctions of this specific population. This Portuguese smell test, for containing formulations with rheological and sensory characteristics adapted to the Portuguese population, allows the physician to use it as a method of diagnosis in patients with suspected impaired olfactory perception, such as anosmia total or partial. Nowadays, this kit is being used in otorhinolaryngology medical consultation of the hospital involved in the study to diagnose olfactory disorders.
Resolution of diffuse facial verruca plana following nonavalent human papillomavirus immunization
Authors: Johnson Nathan M. , Pickard Clay M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTreatment of verruca plana is often challenging, and multiple treatment modalities, both pharmacologic and destructive, are frequently necessary to clear lesions. We report a case of a 16‐year‐old girl with a 2‐year history of extensive verruca plana of the forehead, temples, and upper periorbital skin, recalcitrant to monotherapy with topical tretinoin cream, that completely resolved following first dose of nonavalent human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization.