bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intact and C-Terminal FGF23 Assays—Do Kidney Function, Inflammation, and Low Iron Influence Relationships With Outcomes?
Authors: Sharma Shilpa , Katz Ronit , Bullen Alexander L , Chaves Paulo H M , de Leeuw Peter W , Kroon Abraham A , Houben Alfons J H M , Shlipak Michael G , Ix Joachim H 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Context
Higher fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) concentrations are associated with heart failure and mortality in diverse populations, but the strengths of associations differ markedly depending up on which assay is used.

Objective
We sought to evaluate whether iron deficiency, inflammation, or kidney function account for differences in the strengths of associations between these 2 FGF23 assays with clinical outcomes.

Design
Case cohort study from the Cardiovascular Health Study.

Setting
A total of 844 community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years or older with and without chronic kidney disease were followed for 10 years.

Outcomes
Outcomes included death, incident heart failure (HF), and incident myocardial infarction (MI). Exposure was baseline intact and C-terminal FGF23. Using modified Cox models, adjusting sequentially we tested whether observed associations of each assay with outcomes were attenuated by iron status, inflammation, kidney function, or their combinations.

Results
FGF23 measured by either assay was associated with mortality in unadjusted analysis (intact FGF23 hazard ratio [HR] per 2-fold higher 1.45; 95% CI, 1.25-1.68; C-terminal FGF23 HR 1.38; 95% CI, 1.26-1.50). Adjustment for kidney function completely attenuated associations of intact FGF23 with mortality (HR 1.00; 95% CI, 0.85-1.17), but had much less influence on the association of C-terminal FGF23, for which results remained significant after adjustment (HR 1.15; 95% CI, 1.04-1.28). Attenuation was much less with adjustment for iron status or inflammation. Results were similar for the HF end point. Neither C-terminal or intact FGF23 was associated with MI risk.

Conclusions
The relationship of FGF23 with clinical end points is markedly different depending on the type of FGF23 assay used. The associations of biologically active FGF23 with clinical end points may be confounded by kidney disease, and thus much weaker than previously thought.
The Validity of Automated Tackle Detection in Women's Rugby League
Authors: Cummins Cloe , Charlton Glen , Naughton Mitchell , Jones Ben , Minahan Clare , Murphy Aron 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Cummins, C, Charlton, G, Naughton, M, Jones, B, Minahan, C, and Murphy, A. The validity of automated tackle detection in women's rugby league. J Strength Cond Res 36(7): 1951–1955, 2022—This study assessed the validity of microtechnology devices to automatically detect and differentiate tackles in elite women's rugby league match-play. Elite female players (n = 17) wore a microtechnology device (OptimEye S5 device; Catapult Group International) during a representative match, which involved a total of 512 tackles of which 365 were defensive and 147 were attacking. Tackles automatically detected by Catapult's tackle detection algorithm and video-coded tackles were time synchronized. True positive, false negative and false positive events were utilized to calculate sensitivity (i.e., when a tackle occurred, did the algorithm correctly detect this event) and precision (i.e., when the algorithm reported a tackle, was this a true event based on video-coding). Of the 512 video-derived attacking and defensive tackle events, the algorithm was able to detect 389 tackles. The algorithm also produced 81 false positives and 123 false negatives. As such when a tackle occurred, the algorithm correctly identified 76.0% of these events. When the algorithm reported that a tackle occurred, this was an actual event in 82.8% of circumstances. Across all players, the algorithm was more sensitive to the detection of an attacking event (sensitivity: 78.2%) as opposed to a defensive event (sensitivity: 75.1%). The sensitivity and precision of the algorithm was higher for forwards (sensitivity: 81.8%; precision: 92.1%) when compared with backs (sensitivity: 64.5%; precision: 66.1%). Given that understanding the tackle demands of rugby league is imperative from both an injury-prevention and physical-conditioning perspective there is an opportunity to develop a specific algorithm for the detection of tackles within women's rugby league.
KREDIBILITAS KOMUNIKASI VISUAL DESTINASI WISATA MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL
Authors: Purwantoro Tono - 
Published: September 2020

Cellular phones or smartphones for the people of Indonesia is a primary need. They need it for socializing or expressing themselves through interpersonal or group communication. The cellular phone sales increased, including the flow of communication messages between people mainly through the WhatsApp instant messaging application. because of the ease of use when sharing visual and written communication messages. The level of use of WhatApps by Indonesian people occupies the first position. A phenomenal event occurred when WhatApps users received a video tour of a new tourism destintation called Negeri Di Atas Awan, Banten in September 2019. The communicator in the show was not an endoser or had the appropriate credibility. However, visual video communication and narration went viral. In a matter of days, the viral video shows continued enthusiasm of people visiting but disappointed. Communicator credibility does not become a strength when visual communication is able to influence travel connoisseurs.it means, that media always have a power such as the bullet theory or stimulus response theory. When there is something a beautiful visual to people, they are so anthusiasm to know more.
Keywords: instant messaging, viral communication, visual communication, video shows, social media WhatsApp
PENDEKATAN SISTEM DALAM PENANGANAN KESELAMATAN JALAN
Authors: Mayastinasari Vita 
Published: September 2020

Various traffic safety efforts that aimed to reduce the number of traffic accident victims on road. Traffic safety is a program to reduce the number of accidents either the consequences. Tendency of road accident causes are human factor, therefore is needed a system approach to handle traffic safety that include four aspects, that is 1) Process; 2) Infrastructure; 3) Management; 4) Coordination and integration. Safer road can not be achieved if only just using the strategy, but the capacity of institution is needed by coordination and integration amongst the ministries of the institution. Coordination and integration as a form of synergy among the ministries of the institution to handle the road safety conducted by sharing the role to handle various road safety related areas by using the Information Resources Information System – IRIS.
Berbagai upaya keselamatan lalu lintas yang bertujuan menurunkan korban kecelakaan lalu lintas di jalan. Keselamatan lalu lintas merupakan suatu program untuk menurunkan angka kecelakaan beserta seluruh akibatnya. Kecenderungan penyebab kecelakaan lalu lintas adalah faktor manusia, sehingga diperlukan pendekatan sistem dalam penanganan keselamatan jalan yang mencakup empat aspek, yaitu: 1) Proses; 2) Infrastruktur; 3) Manajemen; 4) Koordinasi dan integrasi. Keselamatan jalan tidak dapat terwujud hanya dengan menggunakan strategi, namun dibutuhkan kapasitas kelembagaan melalui koordinasi dan integrasi antar kementerian lembaga. Koordinasi dan integrasi sebagai wujud sinergitas antar kementerian lembaga dalam penanganan keselamatan jalan dilakukan dengan berbagi peran dalam menangani berbagai bidang yang terkait keselamatan jalan dengan menggunakan sistem informasi sumber daya informasi (Information Resources Information System-IRIS).
ANALYSIS OF DRIVING SPEED IN HIGHWAY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN SPEEDING BEHAVIOR IN THE JAKARTA AREA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS (CASE STUDY: BEKASI MAIN STREET)
Authors: Guritnaningsih Guritnaningsih , Siregar Martha Leni , Septiawan Ahmad 
Published: September 2020

Driving a vehicle above the speed limit is unsafe driving behavior that may cause the occurrence of an accident. Speed limitation can be one way to improve road safety. This study aims to get an illustration of speed limit violation committed by the drivers on the national road segment, and also to investigate the demographic and psychological factors that affect driver behavior in violating the speed limit as stated in the traffic regulation. Speed data collection was carried out at the Bekasi Raya national road in Bekasi, while the demographic and psychological data were collected using questionnaires through online methods. The result of speed measurement using Speed Gun to 30 motorcycles, 30 light vehicles, and 30 heavy vehicles, shows that there are no light or heavy vehicles that drive above the speed limit. Speeding behavior only is indicated by a little number of motorcyclists. From the online survey through the distribution of questionnaires to 102 motorcyclists, it was found that speeding behavior tends to be done when they are in a rush situation.
Mengendarai kendaraan di atas batas kecepatan (ngebut) merupakan perilaku mengendara yang berkontribusi terhadap terjadinya kecelakaan..Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan keselamatan di jalan raya adalah dengan pembatasan kecepatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang pelanggaran batas kecepatan yang dilakukan pengemudi di ruas jalan nasional, dan faktor-faktor demografis, serta faktor psikologis yang berperan dalam perilaku pengendara kendaraan bermotor melanggar batas kecepatan yang telah ditentukan oleh peraturan lalu lintas. Pengambilan data kecepatan dilakukan di jalan nasional Bekasi raya, sedangkan data tentang faktor demografis dan psikologis diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner melalui online. Hasil pengukuran kecepatan terhadap 30 sepeda motor, 30 kendaraan ringan, dan 30 kendaraan berat dengan Speed Gun menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada kendaraan ringan maupun kendaraan berat yang mengemudikan kendaraan di atas batas kecepatan. Perilaku ngebut dilakukan oleh sebagian kecil pengendara sepeda motor. Dari survey melalui penyebaran kuesioner terhadap 102 pengendara diperoleh gambaran bahwa perilaku ngebut cenderung dilakukan ketika berada pada situasi tergesa-gesa.
A novel genotyping technique for discriminating LVAS-associated high-frequency variants in SLC26A4 gene
Authors: Zhou Chen , Zou Xiangman , Peng Cuiying , Gao Guoqiang , Guo Zifen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
An increasing number of biological and epidemiological evidence suggests that c.919-2A>G and c.2168A>G variants of solute carrier family 26, member 4 (SLC26A4) gene play a critical role in the development of large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS). In this study, we developed a rapid genotyping method for discriminating LVAS-associated high-frequency variants in SLC26A4 gene. The genotyping technique consists of 3’ terminal exonuclease-resistant phosphorothioate-modified allele specific primer extension mediated by exo+ polymerase. In PCR amplification by Pfu polymerase, allelic specific primers perfectly matching wild type allele were extended while no specific products were yielded from primers targeting variant allele. Similarly, allelic specific primers perfectly matching variant allele were extended and no specific products were observed from primers targeting wild type allele. The clinical application of 3’ terminal phosphorothioate-modified allele specific primer extension mediated by Pfu polymerase identified both homozygous for SLC26A4 gene c.919-2A>G variant in two patients clinically diagnosed as LVAS by temporal bone CT scan. The genetic results from this method are consistent with that of DNA sequencing. The data suggest that exo+ polymerase-mediated 3’ terminal phosphorothioate-modified primer extension is reliable in the identification of SLC26A4 gene high-frequency variant prior to high-resolution CT scan. The method is extremely suitable for quickly molecular etiologic screening and early diagnosis and aggressive prevention therapy of LVAS.
Effect of molecular interaction on the antiplasmodial efficacy of lumefantrine in amorphous polymethacrylate-urea solid solution
Authors: Echezona Adaeze Chidiebere , Momoh Mumuni , Akpa Paul Achile , Ogbonna John Dike , Reginald-Opara Joy Nneji , Kenechukwu Frankline Chimaobi , Uzondu Samuel Wisdom , Agbo Chinazom Precious , Ofokansi Kenneth Chibuzor , Attama Anthony Amaechi 
Published: September 2020

Malaria, a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the developing world, with children aged under 5 years, accounts for 61% of all the global malaria deaths. The World Health Organization approved fixed-dose first-line artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) – artemether-lumefantrine for effective malaria treatment, is challenged by poor aqueous solubility and inadequate bioavailability leading to treatment failures and emergence of resistant strains. This study focuses on evaluating novel lumefantrine (LF) polymethacrylate-urea solid solutions comprising of a retarding polymer for enhanced anti-plasmodial efficacy comparable with existing artemether-lumefantrine combination therapy. Lumefantrine polymethacrylate-urea solid solutions were prepared by solvent evaporation and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dissolution studies. In vivo anti-plasmodial activity was determined by measuring the schizonticidal activity of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice using the Peter’s 4-day curative test and the safety of the solid solutions was tested in major organs implicated in malaria. The solid state characterizations confirmed the formation of amorphous lumefantrine polymethacrylate-urea solid solutions. There was greater drug release from the matrix polymer in acidic than basic biorelevant media, with release kinetics following the Higuchi order. Interestingly, the reduction in parasitaemia caused by the lumefantrine polymethacrylate-urea formulations (72.3 and 81.27 %) for ternary and quaternary systems, batches SDA3 and SDB3, respectively) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) and more sustained than lumefantrine pure powder, but with comparable efficacy to the commercial brand-Coartem®. The formulation was stable over a period of 6 months. Thus, this study provides useful information on developing sustained lumefantrine formulation with improved solubility and antiplasmodial efficacy.
Keywords: Solid dispersion, lumefantrine, solubility, parasitaemia reduction, eudragit polymer, Urea.
A Review on Pharmacological Aspects of Pyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Verma Vishal , Joshi Chandra Prakash , Agarwal Alka , Soni Sakshi , Kataria Udichi 
Published: September 2020

Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. One of the three diazines (six-membered heterocyclics with two nitrogen atoms in the ring), it has the nitrogens at positions 1 and 3 in the ring. Pyrimidines are typically synthesized by the “Principal Synthesis” involving cyclization of beta-dicarbonyl compounds with N-C-N compounds. Reaction of the former with amidines to give 2-substituted pyrimidines, with urea to give 2-pyrimidiones, and guanidines to give 2-aminopyrimidines are typical. Pyrimidines can be prepared via the biginelli reaction. Many other methods rely on condensation of carbonyls with diamines for instance the synthesis of 2-Thio-6-methyluracil from thiouria and ethyl acetoacetate or the synthesis of 4-methylpyrimidine with 4, 4-dimethoxy-2-butanone and formamide. Pyrimidine derivatives show antimicrobial activity, anticancer activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antidiabetic, and analgesic activity.1.
Keywords: Pyrimidine derivatives, Synthesis, derivatives and pharmacological activities.
In-vitro anti-malarial activity of Chikadoma plant from the rainforest of Southern Nigeria
Authors: Okolo CE , Eban LK , Amazu LU , Chukwu LC , Ohadoma SC , Osuala FN 
Published: September 2020

Background: Malaria remains a life-threatening tropical disease. Due to the development of resistance to the commonly available orthodox antimalarials which of course, poses a great challenge in malaria-controlling-program, alternative and complementary approach becomes imperative thereby making phytotherapy a research focus. Objectives: To investigate the effect of chikadoma plant using its methanol leaf extract against a plasmodium-mediated tropical disease, malaria. Materials and Methods: The culture samples of Plasmodium (P.) falciparum from 20 symptomatic adult outpatients were used in the antimalarial in-vitro test. For cultivation of P. falciparum, the culture medium employed was Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640. Optical microscopy was used for parasite quantification in the performance of antiplasmodial in-vitro assays. The leaf extract of chikadoma dissolved in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) was the treatment, prepared into 7 different levels of concentration (3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL) while culture medium with the malarial parasite alone served as negative control. Micromalarial culture preceded by culture synchronized with sorbitol 5%, were divided into “control” and “treated groups”, followed by incubation in CO2 candle jar at 370C for 72 h. The percentage of parasitemia was measured 8 h, showing the activity of the extract on P. falciparum stages of proliferation. Thin blood smear from the erythrocytes layer was made and stained with 10% Giemsa for 30 mins to estimate the parasitemia. The antimalarial activity of the extract was calculated using Probit analysis by counting the 50% growth inhibition (IC50). Results: The growth of P. falciparum was inhibited by the extract on mature schizont stage; and the IC50 of the extract after 40 h incubation was 3.0 mg/mL. Conclusion: The leaf extract of chikadoma significantly has antimalarial effect in-vitro against P. falciparum.
Keywords: Chikadoma; Lupinus arboreus; antimalarial activity; tropical disease; Nigeria.
Formulation and Evaluation of Novel Formulation for Diabetes Induced Hypertension using Modified Innate Superdisintegrant
Authors: Pandit Vinay , Kashive Dipanker , Sharma Tarun Kumar 
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Diabetes is a chronic disease and is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high levels of sugar in blood (hyperglycemia). Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. The objective of this research is to formulate Fast dissolving tablets of Pioglitazone and Cilnidipine for the effective treatment of diabetes induced hypertension.
Methods: Six formulations were prepared by direct compression technique by using Opuntia ficus-indica as an innate superdisintegrant.
Result and Discussion: All the formulations were subjected for precomprression, post compression parameters and shows all the data within the specific limits. F5 formulation with the mixture of polymers viz. Opuntia ficus indica, SSG, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, DiCOM showed comparatively fast disintegration and best release of drug than that of all other formulation. The tablets of F5 formulation disintegrated within 18.53 seconds can provide fast relief in the body. The in-vitro dissolution results revealed that the drug release of F5 formulation tablets was more than 90% for Pioglitazone and near to 70% for Cilnidipine within 30 minutes. Stability studies were performed on F5 formulation tablets showed no significant changes in color, disintegration time and in-vitro dissolution which showed that appearance of tablets was having no effect.
Conclusion: Fast dissolving tablets of Pioglitazone and Cilnidipine can be successfully prepared using direct compression technique and it will enhance the drug dissolution, which will further increase absorption and bioavailability of both drugs.
Keywords: Pioglitazone, Cilnidipine, diabetes induced hypertension, fast dissolving tablets, direct compression.
Aktivitas Antidiabetes Fraksi n-Heksan, Etil Asetat, dan Air-Etanol Uwi Banggai (Dioscorea alata L.) Pada Mencit Jantan (Mus musculus) Dengan Metode Induksi Aloksan
Authors: Ismail Ihwan , Amini Delina , Khaerati Khildah 
Published: September 2020

Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit gangguan metabolik menahun akibat pankreas tidak memproduksi cukup insulin sehingga terjadi peningkatan konsentrasi glukosa di dalam darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antidiabetes dan mengetahui fraksi mana yang memberikan hasil optimal terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah dari fraksi n-Heksan, Etil Asetat, dan Air Uwi Banggai (Dioscorea alata L.) pada mencit jantan (Mus musculus) yang diinduksi aloksan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor mencit yang dibagi menjadi lima kelompok yang masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 5 ekor mencit. Kelompok pertama kontrol negatif (Na-CMC 0,5%), kelompok kedua kontrol positif (Glibenklamid 0,65 mg/kgBB), kelompok ketiga fraksi n-Heksan, kelompok keempat fraksi etil asetat, dan kelompok kelima fraksi Air dengan dosis yang sama untuk ketiga jenis fraksi yaitu 140 mg/kgBB. Pemberian sediaan uji dilakukan secara oral selama 14 hari. Penelitian telah dilakukan terhadap uji antidiabetes fraksi dari ekstrak etanol Uwi Banggai Ungu (Dioscorea alata L.) pada mencit jantan yang diinduksi aloksan dengan dosis 140 mg/kgBB secara intraperitonial. Parameter yang diukur adalah kadar gula darah mencit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat memberikan aktivitas penurunan kadar gula darah sebesar 169 mg/dL. Persentase efek penurunan kadar gula darah fraksi n-heksan sebesar 51,11%, fraksi etil asetat 50,77%, dan fraksi air 31,39%.
Electrification of the boat fleet of the Albufera Natural Park of Valencia: methodology, economic and environmental assessments
Authors: D. S. Bejarano-Cáceres  , D. Ribó-Pérez  , M. Alcázar-Ortega  
Published: September 2020

This article presents a methodology for calculating the energy needs to propose the electrification of a fleet of small boats. A technical, economic and environmental analysis of the transition to electric mobilityof thefleet of boats in the wetland of the AlbuferaNatural Park ofValencia(Spain)is presented and analysed. The environmental benefits of this transition are exploredand aneconomic assessment is done, including the evaluation of the necessary public incentives to capture all the benefits related tothistransitionand make it feasible.
Improving the Power System safety in Hospitals by means of periodical SFRA tests on Medical Isolation Transformers
Authors: G. Bucci  , F. Ciancetta  , A. Fioravanti  , E. Fiorucci  , A. Prudenzi  
Published: September 2020

The paper has the main aim of demonstrating a possible use ofthe well consolidated monitoring SFRA (Sweep Frequency Response Analysis)technique for preventive maintenance procedure applied to isolation medical transformers operating in hospitals’ group 2 medical locations. In particular, a novel testing platform has been implemented that can perform the monitoring test on IT-M during normal periodical verification provided by specific standard.In the paper, some results of the practical application of such a platform to several transformers in currently in operation in various Italian hospitals have been reported.