bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent ascending cholangitis with acute pancreatitis and pancreatic atrophy caused by a juxtapapillary duodenal diverticulum
Authors: Alzerwi Nasser A.N. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Intermittent combined pancreaticobiliary obstruction may lead to multiple episodes of ascending cholangitis and pancreatitis, usually due to choledocholithiasis or periampullary mass. However, one of the rare causes is periampullary or juxtapapillary duodenal diverticulum. Although duodenal diverticula are relatively common in the general population, the overwhelming majority are asymptomatic. Duodenal diverticula can cause combined pancreaticobiliary obstruction through multiple mechanisms such as stasis-induced primary choledocholithiasis, stasis-induced intradiverticular enterolith, or longstanding diverticulitis, causing stenosing fibrosing papillitis or a combination of more than one of these mechanisms. Herein, I report a case of Lemmel syndrome due to a combination of multiple mechanisms and review the available literature on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic work-up, and management of juxtapapillary duodenal diverticulum.

Patient concerns:
Multiple episodes of abdominal pain, jaundice, anorexia, fever, and significant unintentional weight loss.

Diagnoses and interventions:
Primary choledocholithiasis, recurrent ascending cholangitis, recurrent acute pancreatitis, and pancreatic atrophy due to giant juxtapapillary duodenal diverticulum, with unsuccessful endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography that was completely resolved after open transduodenal sphincteroplasty and septoplasty, transampullary and transcystic common bile duct exploration and stone extraction, and duodenal diverticular inversion.

Outcome:
Complete resolution of combined pancreaticobiliary obstruction without recurrence for 2 years after surgery.

Lessons:
Surgeons should be aware of such rare syndromes to avoid misdiagnosis and delayed or inappropriate management. Furthermore, they should understand the different available operative options for cases that are refractory to endoscopic approach.
Detection of anatomical variation during left internal jugular vein cannulation under ultrasound
Authors: Cho Hobum , Kim Geontae , Song Sanghoon , Yoo Jaehwa , Kim Mungyu , Chung Jiwon , Kim Sangho , Park Sunyoung 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
The left internal jugular vein has a higher possibility of anatomical variation than the right side. Therefore, the complication risk during cannulation is expected to be higher.

Patient concerns:
A 74-year-old woman was scheduled for elective surgery for left upper lobe wedge resection. We observed an anatomical abnormality at the location of the common carotid artery (CCA) and left internal jugular vein (IJV).

Diagnosis:
During the ultrasound, the left IJV was detected at the medial side of the CCA, and this anatomical variation was confirmed by color Doppler ultrasonography. Enhanced chest computed tomography showed that the left CCA ran across the left IJV from medial to lateral at the level of the clavicle.

Intervention:
A triple-lumen central venous catheter was inserted at the right IJV to avoid complications caused by the anatomical variation.

Outcomes:
There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications.

Lessons:
Anesthesiologists should consider anatomical variation during central venous cannulation, especially with the left IJV approach. Because of anatomical variation, ultrasound-guided intervention is highly recommended to prevent procedure-related complications.
An observational study on diagnosis index of metabolic disease with blood-stasis
Authors: Ko Mi Mi , Jang Soobin , Jung Jeeyoun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Treating blood stasis is effective in treating obesity and metabolic diseases in traditional Korean medicine. The aim of this prospective observational study is to determine the effectiveness of the diagnosis index for metabolic diseases with blood stasis by analyzing clinical data and blood samples.

Methods and analysis:
We will perform a prospective observational study. Participants who meet the inclusion criteria will be recruited from the Dongguk university Ilsan Oriental hospital. The outcomes are resistin, serum amyloid P component, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and blood stasis scores. In addition, the blood pressure, ankle–brachial pressure index, brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity, body mass index, waist circumference, and levels of blood lipid will be assessed.

Discussion:
Through this study, we could collect specific data for diagnosing metabolic diseases with blood stasis. Therefore, the findings of this study will provide a summary of the current state of evidence regarding the effectiveness of the diagnosis index in managing metabolic disease with blood stasis.

Ethics and dissemination:
The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Dongguk University Ilsan Oriental Hospital (DUIOH-2018-09-001-007). The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be disseminated electronically and in print.

Trial registration number:
Clinical Research Information Service: KCT0003548
Intentional Asphyxiation Using Baby Wipes
Authors: Gerber Nicole , Iyer Shweta , Parra Didier Murillo , Legano Lori , Tunik Michael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Abusive suffocation with foreign bodies is an uncommon form of child abuse. We present the case of a 2-month-old infant with colic who was forcibly suffocated with a baby wipe by a female babysitter. He presented to the emergency department in respiratory distress, and the foreign body was removed in the operating room by otorhinolaryngology. He was found to have intraoral lacerations and a left diaphyseal humeral fracture. To our knowledge, there is only 1 other collection of case reports of abusive suffocation with baby wipes. This case highlights the importance of considering abuse in cases of oral injury and foreign body aspiration in pediatric patients.
Using Geographic Catchment Areas to Measure Population-based Access to Kidney Transplant in the United States
Authors: Ross-Driscoll Katherine , Axelrod David , Lynch Raymond , Patzer Rachel E. 
Published: June 2020

Background.
Monitoring efforts to improve access to transplantation requires a definition of the population attributable to a transplant center. Previously, assessment of variation in transplant care has focused on differences between administrative units—such as states—rather than units derived from observed care patterns. We defined catchment areas (transplant referral regions [TRRs]) from transplant center care patterns for population-based assessment of transplant access.

Methods.
We used US adult transplant listings (2006–2016) and Dartmouth Atlas catchment areas to assess the optimal method of defining TRRs. We used US Renal Data System and Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipient data to compare waitlist- and population-based kidney transplant rates.

Results.
We identified 110 kidney, 67 liver, 85 pancreas, 68 heart, and 43 lung TRRs. Most patients were listed in their assigned TRR (kidney: 76%; liver: 75%; pancreas: 75%; heart: 74%; lung: 72%), although the proportion varied by organ (interquartile range for kidney, 65.7%–82.5%; liver, 58.2%–78.8%; pancreas, 58.4%–81.1%; heart, 63.1%–80.9%; lung, 61.6%–76.3%). Patterns of population- and waitlist-based kidney transplant rates differed, most notably in the Northeast and Midwest.

Conclusions.
Patterns of TRR-based kidney transplant rates differ from waitlist-based rates, indicating that current metrics may not reflect transplant access in the broader population. TRRs define populations served by transplant centers and could enable future studies of how transplant centers can improve access for patients in their communities.
CoViD-19 outbreak in Northern Italy: Did particulate matter really play a key role?
Authors: Collivignarelli Maria Cristina , Abbà Alessandro , Caccamo Francesca Maria , Bertanza Giorgio , Pedrazzani Roberta , Baldi Marco , Ricciardi Paola , Miino Marco Carnevale 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNorthern Italian regions have been the most affected from CoViD-19 compared to other Italian areas and are also the zones where air pollutants concentration has been higher than in the rest of Italy. The aim of the research is analysing possible correlations between air pollutants PM10 and PM2.5 and the rapidity of the spread of the infection caused by CoViD-19 in Northern Italy. PM10 and PM2.5 data for all the 41 studied cities were collected from the local environmental protection agencies. In order to compare air quality data with epidemiological data (Td), a statistical analysis was conducted identifying the correlation matrices of Pearson and Spearman, considering the possible incubation period of the disease. The results exclude a strong direct correlation between PM in the air and the diffusion rate of CoViD-19. Further developments are necessary for a better comprehension of the influence of atmospheric pollution parameters on the rapidity of spread of the virus SARS-CoV-2, since a synergistic action with other factors, such as meteorological factors, could not be excluded.
Clinical characteristics of Covid-19 patients with re-positive test results: an observational study
Authors: Su Ying , Zhu Ling-Shuang , Gao Yong , Li Yuncheng , Xiong Zhanlu , Hu Bo , Yuan Jiao , Zhang Zhao , Wu Xiaoxiong , Feng Chunchen , Cheng Fanjun , Jin Yang , Zhang Yu , Lu Youming , Wang Hongbo , Zhu Ling-Qiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) ravaging the global, concern has been aroused whether discharged Covid-19 patients with reappeared positive nucleic acid test results are infected again.ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristics of discharged Covid-19 patients with reappeared positive nucleic acid test results and to track clinical outcomes of them.MethodsWe extracted clinical data on 938 Covid-19 patients from Wuhan Union Hospital (West Branch), and we obtained information about residual symptoms and nucleic acid tests after discharge through follow-up study. We evaluated the relationship of clinical characteristics and reappeared positive results. Each patient had at least 44 days of follow-up.ResultsOf 938 discharged patients, a total of 58 (6.2%) had reappeared positive nucleic acid test results and 880 remain negative. Among patients over the age of 50, the factors we found to be associated with re-positive results were coronary artery disease (14.1%, vs. 5.5% among those without coronary artery disease; odds ratio, 2.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28 to 6.15), and hypertension (9.5%, vs. 4.9% among those without hypertension; odds ratio, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.10 to 3.82). As of May 11, 2020, 54 (93.1%) re-positive patients turned negative again while two patients remained positive, and two patients was lost to the second follow-up.ConclusionCoexisting diseases including coronary artery disease and hypertension were substantial risk factors for re-positive outcomes among patients over 50. And most re-positive patients tended to return negative eventually.
Generation of a DAT-Flp mouse line for intersectional genetic targeting of dopamine neuron subpopulations
Authors: Kramer Daniel J. , Kosillo Polina , Friedmann Drew , Stafford David , Luo Liqun , Lee Angus Yiu-Fai , Hockemeyer Dirk , Ngai John , Bateup Helen S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDopamine neurons project to diverse regions throughout the brain to modulate various brain processes and behaviors. It is increasingly appreciated that dopamine neurons are heterogeneous in their gene expression, circuitry, physiology, and function. Current approaches to target dopamine neurons are largely based on single gene drivers, which either label all dopamine neurons, or mark a sub-set but concurrently label non-dopaminergic neurons. Here we establish a novel mouse line in which Flp recombinase is knocked-in to the endogenousSlc6a3(dopamine active transporter, DAT) locus. DAT-Flp mice can be used with various Cre-expressing mouse lines to efficiently and selectively label dopaminergic subpopulations using Cre/Flp-dependent intersectional strategies. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by crossing DAT-Flp mice with NEX-Cre mice, to specifically labelNeurod6-expressing dopamine neurons that project to the nucleus accumbens medial shell. DAT-Flp mice represent a novel tool, which will help parse the diverse functions mediated by dopaminergic circuits.
Differential occupational risks to healthcare workers from SARS-CoV-2: A prospective observational study
Authors: Eyre David W , Lumley Sheila F , O’Donnell Denise , Campbell Mark , Sims Elizabeth , Lawson Elaine , Warren Fiona , James Tim , Cox Stuart , Howarth Alison , Doherty George , Hatch Stephanie B , Kavanagh James , Chau Kevin K , Fowler Philip W , Swann Jeremy , Volk Denis , Yang-Turner Fan , Stoesser Nicole E , Matthews Philippa C , Dudareva Maria , Davies Timothy , Shaw Robert H , Peto Leon , Downs Louise O , Vogt Alexander , Amini Ali , Young Bernadette C , Drennan Philip , Mentzer Alexander J , Skelly Donal , Karpe Fredrik , Neville Matt J , Andersson Monique , Brent Andrew J , Jones Nicola , Ferreira Lucas Martins , Christott Thomas , Marsden Brian D , Hoosdally Sarah , Cornall Richard , Crook Derrick W , Stuart David , Screaton Gavin ,   Oxford University Hospitals Staff Testing Group, Peto Timothy EA , Holthof Bruno , O’Donnell Anne-Marie , Ebner Daniel , Conlon Christopher P , Jeffery Katie , Walker Timothy M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPersonal protective equipment (PPE) and social distancing are designed to mitigate risk of occupational SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitals. Why healthcare workers nevertheless remain at increased risk is uncertain.MethodsWe conducted voluntary Covid-19 testing programmes for symptomatic and asymptomatic staff at a UK teaching hospital using nasopharyngeal PCR testing and immunoassays for IgG antibodies. A positive result by either modality determined a composite outcome. Risk-factors for Covid-19 were investigated using multivariable logistic regression.Results1083/9809(11.0%) staff had evidence of Covid-19 at some time and provided data on potential risk-factors. Staff with a confirmed household contact were at greatest risk (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.63 [95%CI 3.30-6.50]). Higher rates of Covid-19 were seen in staff working in Covid-19-facing areas (21.2% vs. 8.2% elsewhere) (aOR 2.49 [2.00-3.12]). Controlling for Covid-19-facing status, risks were heterogenous across the hospital, with higher rates in acute medicine (1.50 [1.05-2.15]) and sporadic outbreaks in areas with few or no Covid-19 patients. Covid-19 intensive care unit (ICU) staff were relatively protected (0.46 [0.29-0.72]). Positive results were more likely in Black (1.61 [1.20-2.16]) and Asian (1.58 [1.34-1.86]) staff, independent of role or working location, and in porters and cleaners (1.93 [1.25-2.97]). Contact tracing around asymptomatic staff did not lead to enhanced case identification. 24% of staff/patients remained PCR-positive at ≥6 weeks post-diagnosis.ConclusionsIncreased Covid-19 risk was seen in acute medicine, among Black and Asian staff, and porters and cleaners. A bundle of PPE-related interventions protected staff in ICU.
Gamma band alterations and REM-like traits underpin the acute effect of the atypical psychedelic ibogaine
Authors: González Joaquín , Cavelli Matias , Castro-Zaballa Santiago , Mondino Alejandra , Tort Adriano BL , Rubido Nicolás , Carrera Ignacio , Torterolo Pablo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIbogaine is a psychedelic alkaloid that has attracted scientific interest because of its important antiaddictive properties evidenced in observational studies in humans, and in models for substance-use-disorders in rodents. Its subjective effect has been described as intense vivid dream-like experiences occurring while awake; hence, ibogaine is often referred to as an oneirogenic psychedelic. While this unique dream-like profile has been hypothesized to aid the antiaddictive effects in the past, the electrophysiological signatures of the ibogaine psychedelic state remain unknown. In our previous work, we showed in rats that ibogaine administration promotes a waking state with abnormal motor behavior, accompanied by a decrease in NREM and REM sleep. Here, we performed an in-depth analysis of the intracranial electroencephalogram during “ibogaine wakefulness”. Ibogaine induced gamma oscillations with larger power than control levels but less coherent and less complex; i.e., this state shows clear REM sleep traits within the gamma frequency band. Thus, our results provide novel biological evidence for the association between the psychedelic state and REM sleep, and an empirical basis for the oneirogenic conjecture of ibogaine.
Effects of estradiol on biological age measured using the glycan age index
Authors: Jurić Julija , Kohrt Wendy M. , Kifer Domagoj , Pezer Marija , Nigrovic Peter A. , Lauc Gordan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGlycan age is a recently developed biomarker based on glycans attached to immunoglobulin G (IgG). In large population cohorts glycan age associates well with lifestyle and disease-risk biomarkers, while some studies suggested that change in glycans precede development of several age-associated diseases. In this study we evaluated effects of estrogen on the glycan age. Gonadal hormones were suppressed in 36 healthy young women by gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist therapy for 6 months. In 15 of them estradiol was supplemented, while 21 received placebo resulting in very low estrogen levels during intervention. IgG was isolated from plasma samples before intervention, after 6 months of intervention and after subsequent 4-month recovery. In the placebo group the removal of gonadal hormones resulted in median increase of glycan age for 9.1 years (IQR 6.8 – 11.5 years, p = 3.73×10−8), which was completely prevented by transdermal estradiol supplementation. After the recovery period glycan age returned to baseline values also in the placebo group. These results suggest that IgG glycans and consequently also the glycan age are under strong influence of gonadal hormones and that hormone replacement therapy can prevent the increase of glycan age that occurs in the perimenopausal period.
Training recurrent spiking neural networks in strong coupling regime
Authors: Kim Christopher M. , Chow Carson C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecurrent neural networks trained to perform complex tasks can provide insights into the dynamic mechanism that underlies computations performed by cortical circuits. However, due to a large number of unconstrained synaptic connections, the recurrent connectivity that emerges from network training may not be biologically plausible. Therefore, it remains unknown if and how biological neural circuits implement dynamic mechanisms proposed by the models. To narrow this gap, we developed a training scheme that, in addition to achieving learning goals, respects the structural and dynamic properties of a standard cortical circuit model, i.e., strongly coupled excitatory-inhibitory spiking neural networks. By preserving the strong mean excitatory and inhibitory coupling of initial networks, we found that most of trained synapses obeyed Dale’s law without additional constraints, exhibited large trial-to-trial spiking variability, and operated in inhibition-stabilized regime. We derived analytical estimates on how training and network parameters constrained the changes in mean synaptic strength during training. Our results demonstrate that training recurrent neural networks subject to strong coupling constraints can result in connectivity structure and dynamic regime relevant to cortical circuits.
Large-scale association analyses identify host factors influencing human gut microbiome composition
Authors: Kurilshikov Alexander , Medina-Gomez Carolina , Bacigalupe Rodrigo , Radjabzadeh Djawad , Wang Jun , Demirkan Ayse , Roy Caroline I. Le , Raygoza Garay Juan Antonio , Finnicum Casey T. , Liu Xingrong , Zhernakova Daria V. , Bonder Marc Jan , Hansen Tue H. , Frost Fabian , Rühlemann Malte C. , Turpin Williams , Moon Jee-Young , Kim Han-Na , Lüll Kreete , Barkan Elad , Shah Shiraz A. , Fornage Myriam , Szopinska-Tokov Joanna , Wallen Zachary D. , Borisevich Dmitrii , Agreus Lars , Andreasson Anna , Bang Corinna , Bedrani Larbi , Bell Jordana T. , Bisgaard Hans , Boehnke Michael , Boomsma Dorret I. , Burk Robert D. , Claringbould Annique , Croitoru Kenneth , Davies Gareth E. , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Duijts Liesbeth , Falony Gwen , Fu Jingyuan , van der Graaf Adriaan , Hansen Torben , Homuth Georg , Hughes David A. , Ijzerman Richard G. , Jackson Matthew A. , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Joossens Marie , Jørgensen Torben , Keszthelyi Daniel , Knight Rob , Laakso Markku , Laudes Matthias , Launer Lenore J. , Lieb Wolfgang , Lusis Aldons J. , Masclee Ad A.M. , Moll Henriette A. , Mujagic Zlatan , Qibin Qi , Rothschild Daphna , Shin Hocheol , Sørensen Søren J. , Steves Claire J. , Thorsen Jonathan , Timpson Nicholas J. , Tito Raul Y. , Vieira-Silva Sara , Völker Uwe , Völzke Henry , Võsa Urmo , Wade Kaitlin H. , Walter Susanna , Watanabe Kyoko , Weiss Stefan , Weiss Frank U. , Weissbrod Omer , Westra Harm-Jan , Willemsen Gonneke , Payami Haydeh , Jonkers Daisy M.A.E. , Vasquez Alejandro Arias , de Geus Eco J.C. , Meyer Katie A. , Stokholm Jakob , Segal Eran , Org Elin , Wijmenga Cisca , Kim Hyung-Lae , Kaplan Robert C. , Spector Tim D. , Uitterlinden Andre G. , Rivadeneira Fernando , Franke Andre , Lerch Markus M. , Franke Lude , Sanna Serena , D’Amato Mauro , Pedersen Oluf , Paterson Andrew D. , Kraaij Robert , Raes Jeroen , Zhernakova Alexandra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo study the effect of host genetics on gut microbiome composition, the MiBioGen consortium curated and analyzed genome-wide genotypes and 16S fecal microbiome data from 18,340 individuals (24 cohorts). Microbial composition showed high variability across cohorts: only 9 out of 410 genera were detected in more than 95% samples. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of host genetic variation in relation to microbial taxa identified 31 loci affecting microbiome at a genome-wide significant (P<5×10−8) threshold. One locus, the lactase (LCT) gene locus, reached study-wide significance (GWAS signal P=1.28×10−20), and it showed an age-dependent association withBifidobacteriumabundance. Other associations were suggestive (1.95×10−10<P<5×10−8) but enriched for taxa showing high heritability and for genes expressed in the intestine and brain. A phenome-wide association study and Mendelian randomization identified enrichment of microbiome trait loci in the metabolic, nutrition and environment domains and suggested the microbiome has causal effects in ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis.