bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abolishing Cruelty: The Concurrent Growth of Anti‐Slavery and Animal Welfare Sentiment in British and Colonial Literature
Authors: Carey Brycchan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article argues that anti‐slavery and animal welfare writers actively and concurrently extended the boundaries of sympathy to promote an anti‐cruelty ethos that encompassed both suffering animals and suffering people and demanded that this shift in sensibilities be enshrined in legislation. It charts this from the 1680s to the 1770s in pamphlets and novels by Thomas Tryon, Sarah Scott, Humphrey Primatt and Laurence Sterne, before exploring parallel early nineteenth‐century debates over bull‐baiting and the abolition of slavery in texts by Thomas Day, Percival Stockdale and Elizabeth Heyrick.
Inhibition of USP7 activity selectively eliminates senescent cells in part via restoration of p53 activity
Authors: He Yonghan , Li Wen , Lv Dongwen , Zhang Xin , Zhang Xuan , Ortiz Yuma T. , Budamagunta Vivekananda , Campisi Judith , Zheng Guangrong , Zhou Daohong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe accumulation of senescent cells (SnCs) is a causal factor of various age‐related diseases as well as some of the side effects of chemotherapy. Pharmacological elimination of SnCs (senolysis) has the potential to be developed into novel therapeutic strategies to treat these diseases and pathological conditions. Here we show that ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 7 (USP7) is a novel target for senolysis because inhibition of USP7 with an inhibitor or genetic depletion of USP7 by RNA interference induces apoptosis selectively in SnCs. The senolytic activity of USP7 inhibitors is likely attributable in part to the promotion of the human homolog of mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) ubiquitination and degradation by the ubiquitin–proteasome system. This degradation increases the levels of p53, which in turn induces the pro‐apoptotic proteins PUMA, NOXA, and FAS and inhibits the interaction of BCL‐XL and BAK to selectively induce apoptosis in SnCs. Further, we show that treatment with a USP7 inhibitor can effectively eliminate SnCs and suppress the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) induced by doxorubicin in mice. These findings suggest that small molecule USP7 inhibitors are novel senolytics that can be exploited to reduce chemotherapy‐induced toxicities and treat age‐related diseases.
Shared Decision Making in Patients With Suspected Uncomplicated Ureterolithiasis: A Decision Aid Development Study
Authors: Schoenfeld Elizabeth M. , Houghton Connor , Patel Pooja M. , Merwin Leanora W. , Poronsky Kye P. , Caroll Anna L. , Sánchez Santana Carol , Breslin Maggie , Scales Charles D. , Lindenauer Peter K. , Mazor Kathleen M. , Hess Erik P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to develop a decision aid (DA) to facilitate shared decision making (SDM) around whether to obtain computed tomography (CT) imaging in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with suspected uncomplicated ureterolithiasis.MethodsWe used evidence‐based DA development methods, including qualitative methods and iterative stakeholder engagement, to develop and refine a DA. Guided by the Ottawa Decision Support Framework, International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS), and a steering committee made up of stakeholders, we conducted interviews and focus groups with a purposive sample of patients, community members, emergency clinicians, and other stakeholders. We used an iterative process to code the transcripts and identify themes. We beta‐tested the DA with patient–clinician dyads facing the decision in real time.ResultsFrom August 2018 to August 2019, we engaged 102 participants in the design and iterative refinement of a DA focused on diagnostic options for patients with suspected ureterolithiasis. Forty‐six were ED patients, community members, or patients with ureterolithiasis, and the remaining were emergency clinicians (doctors, residents, advanced practitioners), researchers, urologists, nurses, or other physicians. Patients and clinicians identified several key decisional needs including an understanding of accuracy, uncertainty, radiation exposure/cancer risk, and clear return precautions. Patients and community members identified facilitators to SDM, such as a checklist of signs and symptoms. Many stakeholders, including both patients and ED clinicians, expressed a strong pro‐CT bias. A six‐page DA was developed, iteratively refined, and beta‐tested.ConclusionsUsing stakeholder engagement and qualitative inquiry, we developed an evidence‐based DA to facilitate SDM around the question of CT scan utilization in patients with suspected uncomplicated ureterolithiasis. Future research will test the efficacy of the DA in facilitating SDM.
A review of drugs that contribute to bleeding risk in general dental practice
Authors: Teoh L , Moses G , McCullough MJ 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe risk of postoperative bleeding is a daily concern for many general dental practitioners. A thorough medical and medication history must be taken to consider all risk factors, particularly drugs, that contribute to bleeding risk. While the risk from drugs such as aspirin, warfarin and clopidogrel are well known, the extent to which new antiplatelet agents and direct oral anticoagulants affect bleeding risk is less well understood. In addition, there are drugs other than antithrombotics, such as antidepressants and complementary medicines that also impair haemostasis. The aim of this paper is to provide dentists with an updated overview of the drugs commonly encountered in general dental practice that can contribute to a patient’s postoperative bleeding risk.
Characterization of wild bee communities in apple and blueberry orchards
Authors: Nooten Sabine S. , Odanaka Katherine , Rehan Sandra M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWild bees provide invaluable ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes such as pollination. However, in recent decades, pollinator biodiversity, especially in wild bees, is declining on a global scale, with potentially far‐reaching consequences for crop production. Thus, there is an urgent need to determine whether wild bees are present in agricultural systems, such as fruit orchards.
In the present study, we examined the wild bee fauna at species and community levels during the period of bee activity (May to August) in apple and high‐bush blueberry orchards in New England.
Bee communities are crop‐specific and dominated by very few species, which fluctuate according to crop and season. The blueberry associated bee fauna was more diverse. In apple, communities were phylogenetically clustered at the genus level and dominated by solitary ground nesting bees within the genus Andrena. Species fluctuated widely in presence and abundance throughout the season, leading to differences in community composition and functional trait structure.
The results obtained in the present study show that apple and blueberry harbour a distinct and diverse bee fauna that performs vital pollination services in orchards. Our results provide essential baseline data for wild bees in blueberry and apple orchards and this can be used to improve management and conservation strategies for wild bee preservation in these crops.
Heterozygotes for ACAN dwarfism alleles in horses have reduced stature
Authors: Graves K. T. , Eberth J. E. , Bailey E. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryHomozygous and compound heterozygous Miniature horses for ACAN alleles D1, D2, D3* and D4 exhibit chondrodysplastic dwarfism (OMIA 001271‐9796). In a previous study, the carrier rate for these four alleles, combined, was 26.2%. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether carriers of these dwarfism‐causing alleles had a shorter withers height than non‐carriers. A total of 245 Miniature horses were tested for these four ACAN alleles and also were measured for withers height. Of these horses, 98 were carriers and 147 were non‐carriers. A statistically significant difference of 1.43 inches was observed with the carriers being shorter (P = 1.72E − 11). The range of heights for the two groups overlapped, indicating that other factors, including genes, have an impact on withers height. However, the high carrier rate of these dwarfism‐causing variants may be due to selection for decreased height.
E‐referrals and teledermatoscopy grading for melanoma: a successful model of care
Authors: Sunderland Michael , Teague Rebecca , Gale Katherine , Rademaker Marius , Oakley Amanda , Martin Richard C. W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesAn e‐referral system was developed at a tertiary care hospital in Auckland, New Zealand in 2014 for suspected cutaneous malignancy. E‐referrals include patient information, a description of the lesion(s), biopsy results and/or attached photograph(s). Experienced surgical oncologists prioritised the referrals and selected a management option or referred them for a teledermatoscopy opinion. Our aim was to review the efficacy of e‐referrals for improving diagnostic accuracy for melanoma.MethodsReferrals received in 2016 including images and categorisation as confirmed, likely or suspected melanoma by the triage specialist were evaluated. Concordance of the pathological diagnosis with the triage diagnosis and teledermatoscopy diagnosis was determined for each referral.Results809 of 3470 e‐referrals for skin cancer were categorised as confirmed, likely or suspected melanoma. 230 (28.4%) of these included a referral histopathology confirming melanoma/melanoma in situ. Of the remaining 579 referrals, 315 were sent for urgent diagnostic excision and 264 were referred for teledermatoscopy. 120 of the 315 sent for urgent excision were confirmed as melanoma (53) or melanoma in situ (67) on histopathology: a positive predictive value (PPV) of 38.1% and number needed to excise (NNE) of 2.6. Less than 10% of referrals triaged for teledermatoscopy were confirmed as melanoma (24/264). Almost half of all referrals (374/809, 45.6%) included melanoma/melanoma in situ. The melanoma: melanoma in situ ratio was 1: 1.18.ConclusionsThe e‐referral and teledermatoscopy service for suspected melanoma has proven fewer unnecessary excisions of benign lesions than previously reported.
Antibiotic use during pregnancy increases offspring asthma severity in a dose‐dependent manner
Authors: Alhasan Moumen M. , Cait Alissa M. , Heimesaat Markus M. , Blaut Michael , Klopfleisch Robert , Wedel Alexander , Conlon Thomas M. , Yildirim Ali Ö. , Sodemann Elisa B. , Mohn William W. , Bereswill Stefan , Conrad Melanie L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe use of antibiotics during pregnancy is associated with increased allergic asthma risk in the offspring, and given that approximately 25% of pregnant women are prescribed antibiotics, it is important to understand the mechanisms contributing to this phenomenon. Currently, there are no studies that directly test this association experimentally. Our objective was to develop a mouse model in which antibiotic treatment during pregnancy results in increased offspring asthma susceptibility.MethodsPregnant mice were treated daily from gestation day 8‐17 with an oral solution of the antibiotic vancomycin, and three concentrations were tested. At weaning, offspring were subjected to an adjuvant‐free experimental asthma protocol using ovalbumin as an allergen. The composition of the gut microbiome was determined in mothers and offspring with samples collected from five different time points; short‐chain fatty acids were also analyzed in allergic offspring.ResultsWe found that maternal antibiotic treatment during pregnancy was associated with increased offspring asthma severity in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, maternal vancomycin treatment during pregnancy caused marked changes in the gut microbiome composition in both mothers and pups at several different time points. The increased asthma severity and intestinal microbiome changes in pups were also associated with significantly decreased cecal short‐chain fatty acid concentrations.ConclusionConsistent with the “Developmental Origins Hypothesis,” our results confirm that exposure to antibiotics during pregnancy shapes the neonatal intestinal environment and increases offspring allergic lung inflammation.
Long‐term results of simultaneous and delayed liver resections of synchronous colorectal cancer liver metastases
Authors: Slupski Maciej , Jasinski Milosz , Pierscinski Stanislaw , Wicinski Michal 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundComplete resection is the only potential curative treatment of synchronous colorectal liver metastases. Although simultaneous liver and colon resections became an accepted procedure at specialized centres for selected patients, there is still little data about the long‐term results of simultaneous operative procedures compared with those of delayed operations. In this retrospective study, the long‐term survival rates of the patients who underwent simultaneous or delayed resections were presented.MethodsA retrospective analysis of liver resections in our institution between 1997 and 2012 was performed. Among 131 patients presented with synchronous colorectal liver metastases, 52 underwent simultaneous and 79 delayed resection. Patients with extrahepatic metastases were excluded, except for 10 patients with metastases limited to liver and lungs that were qualified as resectable.ResultsAge, sex and localization of the primary tumour were similar in the two groups. In the delayed resection group, the majority of colon resections were performed in different hospitals. The frequency of complications did not differ between the groups. The 1, 5 and 10 years survival rates were 77%, 43% and 20% in simultaneous and 86%, 37% and 19% in delayed resection group, respectively. No cancer related deaths occurred after more than 10 years of observation.ConclusionThe long‐term outcome of simultaneous resection of synchronous colorectal liver metastases is comparable to delayed resection.
A novel roller pump for physiological flow
Authors: Chong Albert , Sun Zhonghua , van de Velde Lennart , Jansen Shirley , Versluis Michel , Reijnen Michel M. P. J. , Groot Jebbink Erik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHaving physiological correct flow waveforms is a key feature for experimental studies of blood flow, especially in the process of developing and testing a new medical device such as stent, mechanical heart valve, or any implantable medical device that involves circulation of blood through the device. It is also a critical part of a perfusion system for cardiopulmonary bypass and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation procedures. This study investigated the feasibility of a novel roller pump for use in experimental flow phantoms. Flow rates of carotid flow profile measured directly with the ultrasonic flow meter matched well with the reference flow rates programmed into the machine with similarity index of 0.97 and measured versus programmed flow rates at specific time‐points of peak systolic velocity (PSV): 0.894 vs 0.880, end systolic velocity (ESV): 0.333 vs 0.319, and peak diastolic velocity (PDV): 0.514 vs 0.520 L/min. Flow rates derived from video analysis of the pump motion for carotid, suprarenal, and infrarenal flows also matched well with references with similarity indices of 0.99, 0.99, and 0.96, respectively. Measured flow rates (mean/standard deviation) at PSV, ESV, and PDV time‐points for carotid: 0.883/0.016 vs 0.880, 0.342/0.007 vs 0.319, and 0.485/0.009 vs 0.520; suprarenal: 3.497/0.014 vs 3.500, 0.004/0.003 vs 0, and 1.656/0.073 vs 1.453; infrarenal: 4.179/0.024 vs 4.250, −1.147/0.015 vs −1.213, and 0.339/0.017 vs 0.391 L/min, respectively. The novel roller pump is suitable for benchtop testing of physiological flow.
Productivity and Wage Effects of Firm‐Level Collective Agreements: Evidence from Belgian Linked Panel Data
Authors: Garnero Andrea , Rycx François , Terraz Isabelle 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHow do firm‐level collective agreements affect firm performance in a multi‐level bargaining system? Using detailed Belgian‐linked employer–employee panel data, our findings show that firm‐level agreements increase both wage costs and labour productivity (with respect to sector‐level agreements). Relying on approaches developed by Bartolucci and Hellerstein et al., they also indicate that firm‐level agreements exert a stronger impact on wages than on productivity, so that profitability is hampered. However, this rent‐sharing effect mostly holds in sectors where firms are more concentrated or less exposed to international competition. Firm agreements are thus mainly found to raise wages beyond labour productivity when the rents to be shared between workers and firms are relatively big. Overall, this suggests that firm‐level agreements benefit both employers and employees — through higher productivity and wages — without being very detrimental to firms’ performance.
A measurement of affluence and poverty interdependence across countries: Evidence from the application of tail copula
Authors: Matkovskyy Roman 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper examines affluence and poverty interdependence across 185 countries and its evolution over 1969–2014. To estimate affluence and poverty interdependence and derive tail interdependences the tail copulae are applied to multivariate density function. The tail coefficients are estimated in the non‐parametric way as in Schmidt and Stadtmüller (2006). The estimates show, that poverty is less interdependent and continue to decrease, while affluence has asymptotically high global dependence, meaning a higher global dependence on and sensitivity to the well‐being of the affluent countries.The received results derive the pattern of the extreme interdependence and can help to identify poverty and affluence spill‐over across countries and regions and calculate the average sensitivity of a country to these phenomena on the global level and can potentially help in poverty reduction strategies within the Sustainable Development Goal by the United Nations.
Downstream offshoring and firm‐level employment
Authors: Merlevede Bruno , Michel Bernhard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhen engaging in offshoring, firms import not only intermediates they used to produce in‐house but also intermediates they previously sourced from non‐affiliated domestic suppliers. This leads to a negative demand shock for the latter. We label this demand shock “downstream offshoring” and develop a novel measure capturing its extent for a firm in a given upstream industry. According to our instrumental variables estimations for a rich sample of Belgian manufacturing firms for the period of 1997 to 2007, downstream offshoring has a robust negative effect on employment.
Does Reconciliation and Racial Justice Necessitate a Struggle against White Supremacy?
Authors: Wilkes Rima 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSeveral literatures including those focusing on settler colonialism, critical antiracism as well as ethnic studies and sociology more broadly often position racial injustice and genocide as a struggle against whiteness and white supremacy. Here I use my own positionality to illustrate what might be unseen in the current thinking about the meaning of what whiteness entails. Then I propose the preliminary workings of a nonbinary approach to thinking about racial justice and reconciliation that still centers the specific experiences of oppression but that does not also entail blaming a particular group as oppressor. While I focus on Canada and responsibility for Indigenous genocide and, to some extent, anti‐Black racism, my hope is that the theoretical logic will also be of utility for thinking about moving forward on issues of racial justice and genocide in other contexts.
Management of Insulin Autoimmune Hypoglycaemia: Single‐centre experience from Western India with systematic review of world literature
Authors: Patel Muniraj , Shah Ravikumar , Ramteke‐Jadhav Swati , Patil Virendra , Patel Shivendra Kumar , Lila Anurag , Shah Nalini , Bandgar Tushar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAwareness about Insulin Autoimmune Hypoglycaemia (IAH) and its management remains limited.MethodologyWe describe two cohorts: Cohort 1 (n = 7) included patients with IAH from a tertiary care centre in India and Cohort 2 (n = 294) included systematic review of published English literature from PubMed. They were compared with our insulinoma patients (n = 41).ResultsCohort 1 included seven female patients where two had drugs (carbimazole and thiocolchicoside) as triggering factors. Except for one patient requiring oral prednisolone, others had spontaneous remission. The unique features from our series are being first case series of IAH from India and reporting of second case of thiocolchicoside triggered IAH.Cohort 2 had 294 patients identified from 149 publications. Mean age was 54 ± 19 years. Thirty‐five different triggers were identified from 160 cases. Antithyroid drugs were most common triggers in Japanese patients and most common HLA allele was DRB1*0406, while it was alpha‐lipoic acid and HLA DRB1*0403 in non‐Asians. Serum Insulin >100 µIU/mL and insulin to C‐peptide molar ratio (ICMR) >0.25 had specificity of 100% and 97.5%, respectively, for IAH as compared to insulinoma. 56% patients had remission with complex carbohydrate diet and trigger removal while 43% required immunosuppressants. 70% achieved remission within 6 months.ConclusionsMiddle age remains most common age group. Sulfhydryl drugs are most common triggers. Serum Insulin >100 µIU/mL and ICMR > 0.25 in critical sample are good predictors for diagnosis of IAH, which needs to be confirmed by IAA. Conservative management with dietary modification and trigger removal usually suffices in majority. Rests need immunosuppressants.
Front Cover
Authors: Alkuraya Hisham , Patel Nisha , Ibrahim Niema , Al Ghamdi Bandar , Alsulaiman Sulaiman M. , Nowilaty Sawsan R. , Abboud Emad , Alturki Ramadan , Alkharashi Abdullah , Eyaid Wafaa , Almasseri Zainab , Alzaidan Hamad , Alotaibi Mohammed D. , Abu El‐Asrar Ahmed M. , Alamro Bandar , Helaby Rana , Elshaer Amani , Almontashiri Naif A.M. , Al‐Hussaini Abdulrahman A. , Alkuraya Fowzan S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe cover image is based on the Original Article Phenotypic delineation of the retinal arterial macroaneurysms with supravalvular pulmonic stenosis syndrome by Hisham Alkuraya et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cge.13676.
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Are People Sensitive to Problems in Communication?
Authors: Micklos Ashley , Walker Bradley , Fay Nicolas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecent research indicates that interpersonal communication is noisy, and that people exhibit considerable insensitivity to problems in communication. Using a dyadic referential communication task, the goal of which is accurate information transfer, this study examined the extent to which interlocutors are sensitive to problems in communication and use other‐initiated repairs (OIRs) to address them. Participants were randomly assigned to dyads (N = 88 participants, or 44 dyads) and tried to communicate a series of recurring abstract geometric shapes to a partner across a text–chat interface. Participants alternated between directing (describing shapes) and matching (interpreting shape descriptions) roles across 72 trials of the task. Replicating prior research, over repeated social interactions communication success improved and the shape descriptions became increasingly efficient. In addition, confidence in having successfully communicated the different shapes increased over trials. Importantly, matchers were less confident on trials in which communication was unsuccessful, communication success was lower on trials that contained an OIR compared to those that did not contain an OIR, and OIR trials were associated with lower Director Confidence. This pattern of results demonstrates that (a) interlocutors exhibit (a degree of) sensitivity to problems in communication, (b) they appropriately use OIRs to address problems in communication, and (c) OIRs signal problems in communication.