bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Health Insurance Program for the Poor on Out-Of-Pocket Inpatient Care Cost in India
Authors: Sri Shyamkumar , Khan Mahmud 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background In India, Out-of-pocket expenses accounts for about 62.6% of total health expenditure - one of the highest in the world. Lack of health insurance coverage and inadequate coverage are important reasons for high out-of-pocket health expenditures. There are many Public Health Insurance Programs offered by the Government that cover the cost of hospitalization for the people below poverty line (BPL), but their coverage is still not complete. The objective of this research is to examine the effect of Public Health Insurance Programs for the Poor on hospitalizations and inpatient Out-of-Pocket costs. Methods Data from the recent national survey by the National Sample Survey Organization, Social Consumption in Health 2014 are used. Propensity score matching was used to identify comparable non-enrolled individuals for individuals enrolled in health insurance programs. Binary logistic regression model, Tobit model, and a Two-part model were used to study the effects of enrolment under Public Health Insurance Programs for the Poor on the incidence of hospitalizations. duration of hospitalization, and Out-of-Pocket payments for inpatient care respectively.Results There were 64,270 BPL people in the sample. Individuals enrolled in poor people health insurance program have 1.21 higher odds of incidence of hospitalization compared to matched poor individuals not having health insurance coverage. Enrollment under the poor people health insurance program did not have any effect on duration of hospitalization and inpatient Out-of-Pocket health expenditures. Logistic regression model showed that chronic illness, household size, and age of the individual had significant effects on hospitalization incidence. Tobit model results showed that individuals who had chronic illnesses and belonging to other backward social group had significant effects on duration of hospitalization. Two-part regression model showed that days of hospital stay, graduate level education, specific age groups, using a private hospital for treatment, admission in a paying ward, and having some specific ailments had significant positive effect on out-of-pocket costs. Conclusions Enrolment in the public health insurance programs for the poor increased the utilization of inpatient health care facilities. Health insurance coverage must be expanded to cover outpatient services, and the coverage must not be limited by the number of family members.
Conservative non-pharmacological management of knee osteoarthritis in Switzerland: a survey among medical specialists
Authors: Ettlin Lea , Nast Irina , Huber Erika O. , Niedermann Karin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: International Guidelines recommend self-management, exercise and weight management if appropriate as first line conservative treatment for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The objective of this study was to survey the conservative non-pharmacological management of patients with knee OA in Switzerland and to explore perceived barriers and facilitators for the application of guideline recommendations. Methods: Based on the results of semi-structured interviews with selected general practitioners (GPs), rheumatologists and orthopaedic surgeons, a survey was performed across their scientific societies. Questions addressed diagnostic measures, treatment options, reasons for referral to exercise as well as barriers and facilitators. Results: In total, 234 members responded. They indicated that usually patients presented due to pain (n=222, 98.2%) and functional limitations of the knee (n=151, 66.8%). Additionally to clinical assessment X-ray (n=214, 95.5%) and MRI (n=70, 31.3%) were used as diagnostic measures. The referral to exercise, was driven by the patients’ expectation/high level of suffering (n=73, 37.1%), as well as by their own clinical experience (n=49, 24.9%). They estimated to refer 54% of their patients to exercise. Further, the specialists rated as the most important barriers for the referral to exercise ‘disinterest of patient’ (n=88, 46.3%) and ‘physically active patient’ (n=59, 31.1%). As most important facilitators, they rated ‘priority to mention exercise during short time of consultation’ (n=170, 89.4%) and ‘insufficiently physically active patient’ (n=165, 86.9%). Conclusion: A substantial evidence-performance gap in the management of patients with knee OA seems to be present. To successfully support systematic referral to exercise as first line intervention, it may be important to not simply suggest exercise in general, but a specific best-practice exercise and education programme for knee OA.
Unresolved Challenges in Health Service Delivery in Tanzania under Public Private Partnership: Stakeholders Views from Dar es Salaam Region
Authors: Nuhu Said , Mpambije Chakupewa Joseph , Ngussa Kinamhala 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The public-private partnership in the health sector, which was introduced to improve the delivery of health services, has existed for decades in Tanzania. Contrary, the anticipated outcomes have not been realised. This paper attempts to underscore the challenges that have permeated the provision of health services under public-private partnerships. Methods: A qualitative case study design was used. Institutional arrangements under public-private partnerships in the delivery of health services was used as a case. Fifteen (n=15) in-depth interviews were conducted with participants from both the public and private sector. Relevant documents were also reviewed to inform this study. Results: Findings revealed that, although public-private partnerships is hailed for supplementing government’s efforts in the provision of health services, institutional arrangements for the smooth provision of these services is lacking. Several challenges including inadequate resources, ineffective monitoring and evaluation of public-private partnerships performance, insufficient consultations between partners as well as varying goals and strategies were noted. Conclusion: Challenges facing institutional arrangements for public-private partnerships may either be influenced by inadequate legal and policy framework as well as ineffective implementation practices. Therefore, effective and smooth interface can be achieved by strengthening implementation practices through development of strong and adequate supportive policy framework that can ensure adherence to contractual agreements.
Healthy Weight Services in England before, during and after pregnancy: a mixed methods approach
Authors: Fair Frankie , Marvin-Dowle Katie , Arden Madelynne , Soltani Hora 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Maternal overweight and obesity are associated with numerous adverse outcomes including higher rates of maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. Overweight and obesity before, during and after pregnancy are therefore a significant public health priority in England. This project explored and mapped healthy weight service availability at different stages of the childbearing cycle.Methods: A mixed methods approach included a questionnaire-based survey disseminated through Local Maternity Systems and semi-structured interviews or focus groups with providers and commissioners. Current maternal weight service provision was explored along with some of the barriers and facilitators for providing, delivering and accessing healthy weight services. Descriptive statistics were reported for quantitative data and content analysis was used for thematic reporting of qualitative data. Results: A total of 88 participants responded to the survey. All services were offered most frequently during pregnancy; with healthy eating and/or weight management services offered more often than physical activity services. Few services were targeted specifically at women with a raised body mass index. There was a high degree of inconsistency of service provision in different geographical areas. Several themes were identified from qualitative data including "equity and variation in service provision", "need for rigorous evaluation", "facilitators” to encourage better access or more effective service provision, including prioritisation, a change in focus and co-design of services, "barriers" encountered including financial and time obstacles, poor communication and insufficiently clear strategic national guidance and "the need for additional support”.Conclusions: There is a need to reduce geographical variation in services and the potential health inequalities that this may cause. Improving services for women with a raised body mass index as well as services which encourage physical activity require additional emphasis. There is a need for more robust evaluation of services to ensure they are fit for purpose. An urgent need for clear national guidance so that healthcare providers can more effectively assist mothers achieve a healthy weight gain was identified. Commissioners should consider implementing strategies to reduce the barriers of access identified such as childcare, transport, location and making services free at the point of use.
Work-Family Conflict, Social Support, Depression and Suicidal Ideation among Medical Staffs in Shandong, China: A Conditional Process Analysis
Authors: Xu Meixia , Sun Long , Zhang Wen , Gui Zhen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Suicidal ideation has been explored in different populations. However, few studies were conducted among medical staff. Besides, the effect of work-family conflict on suicidal ideation was less reported in previous studies. In the current study, we aim to clarify the relations among work-family conflict, social support, depression, and suicidal ideation for Chinese medical staffs.Methods We collected 3,426 valid questionnaires based on a cross-sectional design. Suicidal ideation, work-family conflict, social support, depression, social-demographic characteristics, and work-related variables were evaluated. Conditional process analysis was used to analyze the association among these variables.Results We found that factors associated with lifetime suicidal ideation were male (OR=0.54), doctor (OR=4.32), physical disease (OR=1.58), work-family conflict (OR=1.03), and depression (OR=1.09). Factors associated with one-year suicidal ideation were male (OR=0.46), doctor (OR=4.21), master (OR=1.79), physical disease (OR=1.51), work-family conflict (OR=1.02), and depression (OR=1.10). Depression can mediate the association between work-family conflict and suicidal ideation, but mediate effect of social support was not supported in the current study.Conclusion We should pay more attention to work-family conflict problems, and depression is an important factor associated with suicidal ideation among Chinese medical staff. Both of them should be scanned for identification and treatment of suicide.
The Bdkrb2 Gene Family Provides a Novel View of Viviparity Adaption in Sebastes schlegelii
Authors: Niu Jingjing , Song Weihao , Li Rui , Yu Haiyang , Guan Jian , Qi Jie , He Yan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Black rockfish ( Sebastes schlegelii ) is a viviparous teleost . In the prior study, we reported a chromosome-level black rockfish genome assembly and proposed that the rockfish ovarian wall has a similar function to the uterus of mammals. In the present study, the well-developed vascular system was observed in the ovary wall and the exterior surface of the egg membrane. Adaptation of the ovary vasculature to the rising needs of the embryos occurs through both vasodilation and neovascularization. Bdkrb2 encodes a receptor for bradykinin. The two play a critical role in the control of vasodilatation by regulating NO production. Results: Eight Bdkrb2 genes were identified in the black rockfish genome. These genes are located on chromosome 14, which are arranged in a tandem array, forming a gene cluster spanning 50 kb. Protein structure prediction, phylogenetic analysis, and tissue expression pattern analysis was done to clarify the relationship of the Bdkrb2 genes and a preliminary exploration of function was conducted. The results show that the eight Bdkrb2 genes evolved two kinds of protein structure and three kinds of tissue expression pattern. Furthermore, some have a relatively high expression in ovarian wall, especially in stages of pre-fertilization and pre-hatching. Conclusions: Our study characterizes eight Bdkrb2 genes in the black rockfish, which have a regulatory role in the preparation for fertilization and hatching. This research provides a novel view of viviparity adaption and lays the groundwork for future research into vascular regulation of ovarian in the breeding cycle in black rockfish.
The Effects of the Sex Chromosomes on the Inheritance of Species Specific Traits of the Shape of the Copulatory Organ in Drosophila virilis and Drosophila lummei
Authors: Kulikov Alex M , Sorokina Svetlana Yu , Melnikov Anton I , Gornostaev Nick G , Seleznev Dmitriy G , Lazebny Oleg E. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background. It is well known that the shape of the male copulatory system is strongly associated with mating behavior in Drosophila. The shape of the male genitalia is also known as the most rapidly evolving structure among all morphological characters. However, only a part of the male copulating system, namely epandrium, has actually been used as the only model to study the genetic basis of species-specific differences in the shape of the copulatory system in D. simulans and D. mauritiana. Almost nothing is known about the effects of both sex chromosomes on the shape of the male mating organ. Results. Seven factors were isolated that describe variation of different parts of the male mating organ. The shape of the male mating organ depends on the combination of the sex chromosome status, the autosome status, and the male parent identity as an epigenetic factor. The effect of the male parent identity is possibly mediated through the epigenetic marking of chromosomes in interspecific hybrids during gametogenesis and a subsequent effect of the resulting signatures on the ontogeny of offspring. Epistatic interactions of the sex chromosomes and autosomes and epigenetic effects of the male parent origin from interspecific crosses influence the expression of species-specific traits in the shape of the male copulatory system. Conclusions. Epistatic interactions of the sex chromosomes and autosomes and epigenetic effects of the male parent origin from interspecific crosses influence the expression of species-specific traits in the shape of the male copulatory system. It can be assumed that sexual selection for specific genes associated with male traits implemented in the courtship ritual prevents the well-known effect of demasculinization of the X chromosome.
GLV-1h68 vaccinia virus therapy of neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Kloker Linus D , Berchtold Susanne , Smirnow Irina , Beil Julia , Krieg Andreas , Sipos Bence , Lauer Ulrich M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Oncolytic virotherapy is an upcoming treatment option for many tumor entities. But so far, a first oncolytic virus only was approved for advanced stages of malignant melanomas. Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) constitute a heterogenous group of tumors arising from the neuroendocrine system at diverse anatomic sites. Due to often slow growth rates and (in most cases) endocrine non-functionality, NETs are often detected only in a progressed metastatic situation, where therapy options are still severely limited. So far, immunotherapies and especially immunovirotherapies are not established as novel treatment modalities for NETs.
Methods: In this immunovirotherapy study, pancreatic NET (BON-1, QGP-1), lung NET (H727, UMC-11), as well as neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) cell lines (HROC-57, NEC-DUE1) were employed. The well characterized genetically engineered vaccinia virus GLV-1h68, which has already been investigated in various clinical trials, was chosen as virotherapeutical treatment modality.
Results: Profound oncolytic efficiencies were found for NET/NEC tumor cells. Besides, NET/NEC tumor cell bound expression of GLV-1h68-encoded marker genes was observed also. Further­more, a highly efficient production of viral progenies was detected by sequential virus quantifications. More­over, prospects of a combinatorial treatment of GLV-1h68 with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus, licensed for treatment of metastatic NETs, were assessed successfully.
Conclusions: In summary, the oncolytic vaccinia virus GLV-1h68 was found to exhibit promising antitumoral activities, replication capacities and a potential for future combinatorial approaches. This has been shown in a widespread spectrum of cancers in a preclinical setting and now has to be further evaluated for treatment of metastatic neuroendocrine cancer.
ICU delirium:what is different between the type of diseases?
Authors: Feng Qing , Ai Yuhang , Ai Meilin , Deng Songyun , Peng Qianyi , Zhang Lina 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Delirium is an acute neurological disorder that is quite common complication in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. However, there are no studies to focus on risk factors vary from disease to disease. The purpose of our study was to identify the risk factors and prognosis of delirium in patients with different disease types. Method: We conducted an observed study of consecutive patients from September to November 2016, who underwent surgical operation or with poor conservative treatment were admitted to the ICU. The patients were screened for delirium by using the diagnostic tools of Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS score) and the Confusion Assessment Method ICU (CAM-ICU). Results: A total of 406 patients met the inclusion criteria in our study. The overall incidence of ICU delirium was 45.8% (186/406), the delirium was highest in patients with brain disease (68%), followed by pulmonary disease (63%) and sepsis/shock (49%). The risk factors are different for different types of disease, for heart and vascular disease subgroup, only sleep quality (OR=0.236, p＜0.001) was independent risk factor for delirium. For abdominal disease subgroup, age (OR=2.514, p=0.002), vasoactive drugs (OR=13.799, p=0.002), and sleep quality (OR=0.114, p＜0.001) were risk factors for the delirium. And for sepsis and septic shock subgroup, age(OR=1.100, p=0.022), APACHE II scores(OR=1.255, p＜0.001) and sleep quality (OR=0.090, p=0.034) were risk factors for the delirium. ICU delirium is associated with worse outcomes including ICU stays(P<0.001) and 28-day mortality(P=0.001). The difference of ICU stays between delirium and non-delirium groups in the subgroup of heart and vascular disease(P<0.001), pulmonary disease(P=0.011), sepsis/septic shock(P<0.001) and cerebral disease(P=0.011) were consistent with the general population. But subgroup of sepsis/septic shock was the only one whom has the significant difference in the 28-day mortality (P=0.006) between delirium and non-delirium groups. Conclusion: The incidence and risk factors of delirium varied greatly with the type of disease. Age and sleep quality were independent risk factors for the development of delirium in most subgroup diseases. The prognosis of delirium was different in different disease types, among them, patients with sepsis/septic shock associated delirium have the worst prognosis.
Personalised REsponses to DIetary Composition Trial (PREDICT): an intervention study to determine inter-individual differences in postprandial response to foods
Authors: Berry Sarah , Drew David , Linenberg Inbar , Wolf Jonathan , Hadjigeorgiou George , Davies Richard , Khatib Haya Al , Hart Deborah , Surdulescu Gabriella , Yarand Darioush , Nessa Ayrun , Sheedy Alyce , Vijay Amrita , Asnicar Francesco , Segata Nicola , Chan Andrew , Franks Paul , Valdes Ana , Spector Tim 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Personalised REsponses to DIetary Composition Trial (PREDICT) was a single-arm, single-blind intervention study that utilized both standardized “test” meals and captured “free-living” non-standardized food consumption, to predict an individual’s metabolic response to foods based on the person’s characteristics (including their metabolomic and gut microbiome profiles), meal composition (macronutrients and energy content) and meal context (including time of day, sleep and exercise). The initial study commenced in June 2018 and targeted 1,000 generally healthy participants between the ages of 18 and 65 years for enrollment in the United Kingdom, and recruited from the existing and ongoing TwinsUK research cohort and the general population. In December 2018, an independent trial mirroring the UK protocol was launched in parallel at Massachusetts General Hospital to serve as a US-based validation cohort including 100 healthy individuals in the general population. The overall objective of these trials was to predict glucose, insulin, lipid and other postprandial responses to foods based on the individual’s characteristics, including molecular biomarkers and lifestyle factors as well as the nutritional composition of the food. The studies, collectively termed PREDICT 1, were completed in May 2019. The study has delivered highly-dimensional multi-omic data from which the predictors of individual postprandial responses have been determined. These findings will be used to design personalized dietary interventions focused on key health outcomes. This protocol is registered with the US National Institutes of Health trial registry, ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03479866.
Using lipidomics to reveal details of lipid accumulation in developing Siberian apricot (Prunus sibirica L.) seed kernels
Authors: Mai Yiting , Huo Kaisen , Yu Haiyan , Zhou Nan , Shui Lanya , Liu Yang , Wang Nenglong , Zhang Chengxin , Niu Jun , Wang Libing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The oil content of Siberian apricot seed kernel (SASK) is generally as high as 50%, and biodiesel fuel properties of SASK oil were conformed to EN 14214 and GB/T 20828-2007 standards. Thus, Prunus sibirica is a novel non-crop feedstock for biodiesel production in China. We have been addressing this issue by studying the regulation of oil accumulation in SASK. Results: As part of this research we have carried out a detailed lipidomic analysis in developing SASK. Here, oil contents and fatty acid (FA) compositions were studied in developing SASK from AS-80 and AS-84, at intervals of 1 week from 3 weeks after anthesis (WAA) to 9 weeks. The major differences between the two germplasms are higher contents of C18:1 and C18:2 in AS-80 than in AS-84 at a mature stage. The SASKs of 4, 6 and 8 WAA, respectively representing early, mid and late phases of oil accumulation, were selected as optimal samples for lipidomic analysis. The molecular species in individual lipid classes between AS-80 and AS-84 were similar, and exhibited quite distinct patterns with SASK development. Additionally, the lipidomic data coupled with qRT-PCR analysis suggested that three mechanisms allow the flux of FA through phosphatidylcholine that influenced the molecular composition of eventual TAG. Conclusions: The first report on lipidomic analysis during seed development in wood oilseed plants. Our data contribute significantly to understand the underlying mechanisms of lipid accumulation in P. sibirica, and may also present strategies for engineering oil accumulation in oilseed plants.