bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unpacking student engagement in higher education learning analytics: a systematic review
Authors: Bergdahl Nina , Bond Melissa , Sjöberg Jeanette , Dougherty Mark , Oxley Emily 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEducational outcomes are heavily reliant on student engagement, yet this concept is complex and subject to diverse interpretations. The intricacy of the issue arises from the broad spectrum of interpretations, each contributing to the understanding of student engagement as both complex and multifaceted. Given the emergence and increasing use of Learning Analytics (LA) within higher education to provide enhanced insight into engagement, research is needed to understand how engagement is conceptualised by LA researchers and what dimensions and indicators of engagement are captured by studies that use log data. This systematic review synthesises primary research indexed in the Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, A + Education, and SAGE journals or captured through snowballing in OpenAlex. Studies were included if they were published between 2011 and 2023, were journal articles or conference papers and explicitly focused on LA and engagement or disengagement within formal higher education settings. 159 studies were included for data extraction within EPPI Reviewer. The findings reveal that LA research overwhelmingly approaches engagement using observable behavioural engagement measures, such as clicks and task duration, with very few studies exploring multiple dimensions of engagement. Ongoing issues with methodological reporting quality were identified, including a lack of detailed contextual information, and recommendations for future research and practice are provided.
The therapeutic effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on symptom severity of psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rossier Alison T. , Hallahan Brian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
While omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have shown promise as an adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, the overall consensus about their efficacy across studies is still lacking and findings to date are inconclusive. No clinical trials or systematic reviews have yet examined if omega-3 PUFAs are associated with differential levels of efficacy at various stages of psychosis.

Method
A systematic bibliographic search of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effect of omega-3 PUFAs as a monotherapy or adjunctive therapy versus a control group in adults and children at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis, experiencing a first-episode psychosis (FEP), or diagnosed with an established psychotic disorder was conducted. Participants’ clinical symptoms were evaluated using total and subscale scores on validated psychometric scales.

Results
No beneficial effect of omega-3 PUFAs treatment was found in comparison with that of placebo (G = −0.26, 95% CI −0.55 to 0.03, p = 0.08). Treatment of omega-3 PUFAs did not prove any significant improvement in psychopathology in UHR (G = −0.09, 95% CI −0.45 to 0.27, p = 0.63), FEP (G = −1.20, 95% CI −5.63 to 3.22, p = 0.59), or schizophrenia patients (G = −0.17, 95% CI −0.38 to −0.03, p = 0.10).

Conclusion
These findings confirm previous evidence that disputes the original reported findings of the beneficial effect of omega-3 PUFAs in schizophrenia. Furthermore, accumulative evidence of the use of omega-3 as a preventive treatment option in UHR is not supported, suggesting that the need for future studies in this line of research should not be promoted.
Increased Salt-Sensitive Blood Pressure in Women vs Men: Is Relative Hyperaldosteronism the Mechanism?
Authors: Caliskan Guzelce Ezgi , Wong Kelly Yin Han , Heydarpour Mahyar , Pojoga Luminita H , Romero Jose , Williams Jonathan S , Adler Gail K , Seely Ellen W , Williams Gordon H 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Context
Women vs men have more salt-sensitive blood pressure (SSBP) and higher stimulated aldosterone (ALDO) levels, suggesting that their increased SSBP is secondary to a relative hyper-ALDO state. Contrariwise, men vs women have higher sedentary ALDO levels.

Objective
The present project was designed to address the question are women vs men in a relatively hyper-ALDO state.

Methods
A total of 363 women and 483 men were selected from the HyperPATH cohort to assess the potential underlying mechanism for observed sex differences.

Results
Women had greater SSBP, greater ALDO and vasculature response to angiotensin II (Ang II), and higher upright ALDO/ plasma renin activity, but men on both restricted- and liberal-salt diets had higher basal levels of supine ALDO, PRA levels, and other ALDO secretagogues. Using 24-hour urine ALDOs to assess overall production, ALDO did not differ by sex regardless of salt intake, except when assessed in subsets. Normotensive women vs men had greater urine ALDO, and women vs men younger than 51 had higher urine ALDO.

Conclusion
1) Lower Ang II responsiveness in Ang II–targeted organs was observed in men vs women. 2) Similar 24-hour urine ALDO levels in women and men do not support the concept that relative hyper-ALDO is the mechanism for sex difference in SSBP. The data also suggest that the SSBP in women, in some cases, may be benign since it is secondary to a BP reduction on the restricted-salt diet, not an increase on the liberal-salt diet.
Ectopic Thyrotropin-Secreting Tumor in the Nasopharynx Causing Central Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Phylactou Maria , Dixon Luke , Rennie Catherine , Han Thang , Gaur Jyotsana , Martin Niamh M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We report a 31-year-old man with diarrhea and tachycardia. Diagnostic workup confirmed raised free thyroid hormones with unsuppressed thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Laboratory assay and medication interference were excluded. Consistent with a high glycoprotein hormone α-subunit (α-GSU), the α-GSU:TSH molar ratio was increased. However, anterior pituitary panel testing also confirmed an isolated, raised follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (17.3 IU/L; reference range, 1.7-8.0). Therefore, interpretation of α-GSU was limited given the co-existent elevated FSH.
There was no pituitary lesion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and stimulated TSH was 232% of baseline levels following thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation, making a diagnosis of TSH-oma less likely. Genetic analysis revealed no pathogenic variants in the thyroid hormone receptor β gene.
Due to the persistently elevated FSH, a follow-up pituitary MRI was arranged, which identified a nasopharyngeal mass on the floor of the sphenoid sinus, raising the possibility of ectopic pituitary tissue. The patient underwent endoscopic resection of this lesion, with subsequent normalization of free T4, TSH, and FSH within a few weeks. Histology confirmed a plurihormonal pituitary adenoma with staining for TSH, growth hormone, luteinizing hormone, and FSH. This case highlights the biochemical and radiological challenges of diagnosing ectopic TSH-secreting pituitary tumors.
An evolutionary perspective on the relationship between kinetochore size and CENP-E dependence for chromosome alignment
Authors: Almeida Ana C. , Rocha Helder , Raas Maximilian W. D. , Witte Hanh , Sommer Ralf J. , Snel Berend , Kops Geert J. P. L. , Gassmann Reto , Maiato Helder 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Chromosome alignment during mitosis can occur as a consequence of bi-orientation or is assisted by the CENP-E (kinesin-7) motor at kinetochores. We previously found that Indian muntjac chromosomes with larger kinetochores bi-orient more efficiently and are biased to align in a CENP-E-independent manner, suggesting that CENP-E dependence for chromosome alignment negatively correlates with kinetochore size. Here, we used targeted phylogenetic profiling of CENP-E in monocentric (localized centromeres) and holocentric (centromeres spanning the entire chromosome length) clades to test this hypothesis at an evolutionary scale. We found that, despite being present in common ancestors, CENP-E was lost more frequently in taxa with holocentric chromosomes, such as Hemiptera and Nematoda. Functional experiments in two nematodes with holocentric chromosomes in which a CENP-E ortholog is absent (Caenorhabditis elegans) or present (Pristionchus pacificus) revealed that targeted expression of human CENP-E to C. elegans kinetochores partially rescued chromosome alignment defects associated with attenuated polar-ejection forces, whereas CENP-E inactivation in P. pacificus had no detrimental effects on mitosis and viability. These data showcase the dispensability of CENP-E for mitotic chromosome alignment in species with larger kinetochores.
Bees remain heat tolerant after acute exposure to desiccation and starvation
Authors: Gonzalez Victor H. , Rancher Wesley , Vigil Rylee , Garino-Heisey Isabella , Oyen Kennan , Tscheulin Thomas , Petanidou Theodora , Hranitz John M. , Barthell John F. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Organisms may simultaneously face thermal, desiccation and nutritional stress under climate change. Understanding the effects arising from the interactions among these stressors is relevant for predicting organisms' responses to climate change and for developing effective conservation strategies. Using both dynamic and static protocols, we assessed for the first time how sublethal desiccation exposure (at 16.7%, 50.0% and 83.3% of LD50) impacts the heat tolerance of foragers from two social bee species found on the Greek island of Lesbos: the managed European honey bee, Apis mellifera, and the wild, ground-nesting sweat bee Lasioglossum malachurum. In addition, we explored how a short-term starvation period (24 h), followed by a moderate sublethal desiccation exposure (50% of LD50), influences honey bee heat tolerance. We found that neither the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) nor the time to heat stupor was significantly impacted by sublethal desiccation exposure in either species. Similarly, starvation followed by moderate sublethal desiccation did not affect the average CTmax estimate, but it did increase its variance. Our results suggest that sublethal exposure to these environmental stressors may not always lead to significant changes in bees' heat tolerance or increase vulnerability to rapid temperature changes during extreme weather events, such as heat waves. However, the increase in CTmax variance suggests greater variability in individual responses to temperature stress under climate change, which may impact colony-level performance. The ability to withstand desiccation may be impacted by unmeasured hypoxic conditions and the overall effect of these stressors on solitary species remains to be assessed.
Melioidosis in goats at a single Australian farm was caused by multiple diverse lineages of Burkholderia pseudomallei present in soil
Authors: Busch Joseph D. , Kaestli Mirjam , Mayo Mark , Roe Chandler C. , Vazquez Adam J. , Choy Jodie Low , Harrington Glenda , Benedict Suresh , Stone Nathan E. , Allender Christopher J. , Bowen Richard A. , Keim Paul , Currie Bart J. , Sahl Jason W. , Tuanyok Apichai , Wagner David M. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Burkholderia pseudomallei, causative agent of melioidosis, is a One Health concern as it is acquired directly from soil and water and causes disease in humans and agricultural and wild animals. We examined B. pseudomallei in soil and goats at a single farm in the Northern Territory of Australia where >30 goats acquired melioidosis over nine years.

Methodology/Principal findings
We cultured 45 B. pseudomallei isolates from 35 goats and sampled soil in and around goat enclosures to isolate and detect B. pseudomallei and evaluate characteristics associated with its occurrence; 33 soil isolates were obtained from 1993–1994 and 116 in 2006. Ninety-two goat and soil isolates were sequenced; mice were challenged with six soil isolates to evaluate virulence. Sampling depth and total N/organic C correlated with B. pseudomallei presence. Twelve sequence types (STs) were identified. Most goat infections (74%) were ST617, some with high similarity to 2006 soil isolates, suggesting ST617 was successful at persisting in soil and infecting goats. ST260 and ST266 isolates were highly virulent in mice but other isolates produced low/intermediate virulence; three of these were ST326 isolates, the most common soil ST in 2006. Thus, virulent and non-virulent lineages can co-occur locally. Three genes associated with virulence were present in ST260 and ST266, absent in most ST326 isolates, and present or variably present in ST617.

Conclusions/Significance
Agricultural animals can influence B. pseudomallei abundance and diversity in local environments. This effect may persist, as B. pseudomallei was detected more often from soil collected inside and adjacent to goat enclosures years after most goats were removed. Following goat removal, the low virulence ST326, which was not isolated from soil when goats were present, became the predominant ST in soil by 2006. Although multiple diverse lineages of B. pseudomallei may exist in a given location, some may infect mammals more efficiently than others.
Islands of genomic stability in the face of genetically unstable metastatic cancer
Authors: Bowland Kirsten , Lai Jiaying , Skaist Alyza , Zhang Yan , Teh Selina Shiqing K. , Roberts Nicholas J. , Thompson Elizabeth , Wheelan Sarah J. , Hruban Ralph H. , Karchin Rachel , Bailey Matthew H. , Iacobuzio-Donahue Christine A. , Eshleman James R. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Metastatic cancer affects millions of people worldwide annually and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Most patients with metastatic disease are not eligible for surgical resection, and current therapeutic regimens have varying success rates, some with 5-year survival rates below 5%. Here, we test the hypothesis that metastatic cancer can be genetically targeted by exploiting single base substitution mutations unique to individual cells that occur as part of normal aging prior to transformation. These mutations are targetable because ~10% of them form novel tumor-specific “NGG” protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sites targetable by CRISPR-Cas9.

Methods
Whole genome sequencing was performed on five rapid autopsy cases of patient-matched primary tumor, normal and metastatic tissue from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma decedents. CRISPR-Cas9 PAM targets were determined by bioinformatic tumor-normal subtraction for each patient and verified in metastatic samples by high-depth capture-based sequencing.

Results
We found that 90% of PAM targets were maintained between primary carcinomas and metastases overall. We identified rules that predict PAM loss or retention, where PAMs located in heterozygous regions in the primary tumor can be lost in metastases (private LOH), but PAMs occurring in regions of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the primary tumor were universally conserved in metastases.

Conclusions
Regions of truncal LOH are strongly retained in the presence of genetic instability and, therefore, represent genetic vulnerabilities in pancreatic adenocarcinomas. A CRISPR-based gene therapy approach targeting these regions may be a novel way to genetically target metastatic cancer.
Determinants of healthcare insurance coverage among women of reproductive age in Tanzania: A multilevel mixed effect analysis
Authors: Kessy Sanun Ally , Tibenderana Jovin R. , Gimonge Jomo , Moshi Fabiola V. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Health insurance has been one of the fundamental approaches of financing healthcare for sustainable Development goals (SDGs). There is a paucity of evidence on the determinants of healthcare insurance coverage among women of reproductive age in Tanzania, therefore this study aimed at assessing factors associated with access to health care insurance among women of reproductive age in Tanzania using national Demographic and health survey dataset.

Methodology
This study was an analytical cross-sectional study that utilized nationally representative secondary data sourced from the Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys (TDHS) of 2022. A weighted sample of 15,254 women of reproductive age (15–49) was included in the study. A multilevel regression analysis was used to examine factors associated with health care insurance coverage. These results were presented using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval.

Results
In Tanzania the proportion of health insurance coverage among women of reproductive age was 5.8% whereby majority of women subscribing to employer’s insurance (3.9%). In the fixed effect model, older women (35–49) were more likely to be covered with health insurance compared those aged 15–24 (AOR = 2.75, 95% CI: 2.19, 3.45). Similarly, married women had higher likelihood of health insurance coverage compared to unmarried (AOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.33, 1.92). Furthermore, educated women were more likely to be covered with health insurance than uneducated women (AOR = 6.96, 95% CI: 4.74, 10.22). Similarly, women who were exposed to mass media were more likely to be covered with health care insurance compared to unexposed (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.78), in the Random effect model Intra-Cluster Correlation (ICC) value in Model III was 0.27

Conclusion
The low health insurance coverage among Tanzanian women of reproductive age reveals significant gaps in healthcare access Socioeconomic factors, along with limited access to reliable health information, highlight the importance of comprehensive and inclusive strategies to increase healthcare coverage. By implementing multifaceted approaches that tackle these root causes, Tanzania can improve the health and well-being of its women, ultimately contributing to a healthier and more resilient society.
Comparative effectiveness of non-pharmacological therapies for postoperative cognitive dysfunction: Protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Kexin , Bao Qiongnan , Huang Jun , Sun Shanshan , Li Yaqin , Zhang Xinyue , Xia Manze , Chen Zhenghong , Yao Jin , Zhong Wanqi , Yin Zihan , Liang Fanrong 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication following surgery. Electroacupuncture (EA), manual acupuncture (MA), transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS), and cognitive training (CT) can effectively maintain or improve the postoperative cognitive function of patients. However, it remains unclear which therapy is the most effective. Therefore, this network meta-analysis aims to compare and rank the efficacy of these non-pharmacological therapies for POCD to identify the optimal therapy.

Methods and analysis
A systematic search will be conducted across seven databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, AMED, and PsycINFO) for articles published between January 2000 and November 2023. Two reviewers will independently conduct study selection and data extraction. The primary outcome will be the changes in the overall cognitive function before and after the intervention. The secondary outcome will be the incidence of POCD. The risk of bias will be assessed using the revised Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Pairwise and Bayesian network meta-analyses will be performed using RevMan, STATA, and Aggregate Data Drug Information System statistical software. Additionally, the quality of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation guidelines.
Ethics and dissemination: The results will be disseminated to peer-reviewed journals or conferences.

Trial registration
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023454028.
Impact of shock index (SI), modified SI, and age-derivative indices on acute heart failure prognosis; A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vakhshoori Mehrbod , Bondariyan Niloofar , Sabouhi Sadeq , Shakarami Mehrnaz , Emami Sayed Ali , Nemati Sepehr , Tavakol Golchehreh , Yavari Behzad , Shafie Davood 
Published: December 2024

Background
Heart failure (HF) is still associated with quite considerable mortality rates and usage of simple tools for prognosis is pivotal. We aimed to evaluate the effect of shock index (SI) and its derivatives (age SI (ASI), modified SI (MSI), and age MSI (AMSI)) on acute HF (AHF) clinical outcomes.

Methods
PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Web of science databases were screened with no time and language limitations till February 2024. We recruited relevant records assessed SI, ASI, MSI or AMSI with AHF clinical outcomes.

Results
Eight records were selected (age: 69.44±15.05 years). Mean SI in those records reported mortality (either in-hospital or long-term death) was 0.67 (95% confidence interval (CI):0.63–0.72)). In-hospital and follow-up mortality rates in seven(n = 12955) and three(n = 5253) enrolled records were 6.18% and 10.14% with mean SI of 0.68(95%CI:0.63–0.73) and 0.72(95%CI:0.62–0.81), respectively. Deceased versus survived patients had higher SI difference (0.30, 95%CI:0.06–0.53, P = 0.012). Increased SI was associated with higher chances of in-hospital death (odds ratio (OR): 1.93, 95%CI:1.30–2.85, P = 0.001).The optimal SI cut-off point was found to be 0.79 (sensitivity: 57.6%, specificity: 62.1%). In-hospital mortality based on ASI was 6.12% (mean ASI: 47.49, 95%CI: 44.73–50.25) and significant difference was found between death and alive subgroups (0.48, 95%CI:0.39–0.57, P<0.001). Also, ASI was found to be independent in-hospital mortality predictor (OR: 2.54, 95%CI:2.04–3.16, P<0.001)). The optimal ASI cut-off point was found to be 49.6 (sensitivity: 66.3%, specificity: 58.6%). In terms of MSI (mean: 0.93, 95%CI:0.88–0.98)), significant difference was found specified by death/survival status (0.34, 95%CI:0.05–0.63, P = 0.021). AMSI data synthesis was not possible due to presence of a single record.

Conclusions
SI, ASI, and MSI are practical available tools for AHF prognosis assessment in clinical settings to prioritize high risk patients.
Effect of osteosarcopenia on feeding status in hospitalized patients with suspected dysphagia
Authors: Miyagi Midori , Sekiya Hideki , Ebihara Satoru 
Published: December 2024

Objectives
Osteosarcopenia is a combination of sarcopenia and osteoporosis that increases mortality rates among older people compared with either alone. This study aimed to identify the contribution of osteosarcopenia to the development and severity of dysphagia.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 211 patients aged ≥ 65 years who were referred to the dysphagia rehabilitation team. Based on Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) scores, we classified the patients with (FOIS scores 1–5) and without (FOIS scores 6, 7) dysphagia as Type A and those with (FOIS scores 1, 2) and without (FOIS score 3–7) enteral feeding as Type B. Based on chest computed tomography (CT) findings we then defined patients with T4 (MI) and pectoralis (PMI) muscle indexes, L1 attenuation, and T4MI, PMI, and L1 attenuation below the cutoff values as having sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and osteosarcopenia, respectively.

Results
The FOIS scores were significantly lower among patients with osteosarcopenia than among those without sarcopenia or osteoporosis. Moreover, PMI and FOIS scores significantly and positively correlated, and PMI was significantly lower in the group with, than without, enteral feeding. Osteoporosis and osteosarcopenia were significant in the patients who were fed enterally (p = 0.032 and 0.047, respectively).

Conclusions
Patients with sarcopenia and osteoporosis undergoing swallowing rehabilitation tended to have severe dysphagia that required much medical attention.