bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sociology of Religion in Latin Americafrom Theoretical Dependence to Its Specificity
Authors: Blancarte Roberto J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Latin American sociology of religion is a relatively young discipline, although institutionally speaking, it has not lagged as far behind European sociology as we usually think. There is, in fact, an early link between Continental Europe and Latin America in the development of institutions dedicated to the study of religions. They have witnessed an incredible expansion, particularly over the past three decades. The author offers a general panorama of the trajectory of the subdiscipline and the development of a robust academic field. The reasons for this intellectual explosion go from the development of a scientific institutional framework for social sciences in emerging economies to the changing structure of religions and the social awareness of a historical plurality of beliefs in Latin America.
Religious Diversity, Popular Religions and Multiple Modernities
Authors: Parker Gumucio Cristián 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Religious diversity and pluralism are increasing in Latin America. The religious field that some decades ago was mainly Catholic has changed radically. In addition to Pentecostalism and Neo-Pentecostalism, other Evangelical as well as independent churches of various denominations and forms, non-affiliated believers, and many diverse (ethnic, Afro-American, New Age, etc.) and diffuse religious expressions are growing. These religious changes toward pluralism can be understood from a revised theory of multiple modernities. The classical sociological concepts and theories, beginning with secularization, need to be criticized and replaced with a new theoretical approach. Latin American historical processes must be compared with what is happening in other regions of the world and not only with Western history. To understand key changes, popular religions worldwide need to be carefully analyzed. Latin American religions offer a good example of popular forms of religious revitalization that are useful to contrast with the Northern European case. This comparative exercise demonstrates new ways of producing sense and spiritual search in non-Western geocultural areas that are framing specific relationships between religion and modernities, bringing about new religious pluralisms.
The Trajectory and Identity of Sociology of Health in Brazil
Authors: Duarte Nunes Everardo , de Souza Minayo Maria Cecília 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article addresses the construction and development of sociology of health in Brazil. This discipline is inserted into the social space where actors, institutions, and scientific knowledge interact and theoretical narratives, methodologies, teaching, and social practices are constructed. Thus it is a part of the field of medicine, public health, and sociology. The introduction shows that sociology of health in Brazil has developed on two pillars: the field of stricto sensu sociology and a very specific area within the field of health sciences. The first section describes the background and institutionalization of the discipline in Brazil. The second analyzes the theoretical sociological schools that influenced the construction of this discipline. The third discuss the scientific output and related trends. Finally, the article ends by showing the current situation of sociology of health and its limitations within the field of health and in an interdisciplinary dialogue. The conclusion is that sociology of health currently constitutes a mature field of study, having an undeniable investigative and proactive force involving a significant number of scientists.
Capitalism and the State in Latin America
Authors: Torres Esteban , Borrastero Carina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article analyzes how the research on the relation between capitalism and the state in Latin America has developed from the 1950s up to the present. It starts from the premise that knowledge of this relation in sociology and other social sciences in Latin America has been taking shape through the disputes that have opposed three intellectual standpoints: autonomist, denialist, and North-centric. It analyzes how these standpoints envision the relationship between economy and politics and how they conceptualize three regionally and globally growing trends: the concentration of power, social inequality, and environmental depletion. It concludes with a series of challenges aimed at restoring the theoretical and political potency of the autonomist program in Latin American sociology.
From Social Insurance to Poverty Relief
Authors: Uribe Gómez Mónica 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article expounds how analysts have narrated and analyzed the transformations undergone by policies of social protection in Latin America since the emergency of social security. It emphasizes the weight given in these analyses to the construction of typologies adapted to this regional context, the incidence of the consolidation of democracy, the models of economic development and corporate pacts, the role of political parties and policy makers, the legacy of previous policies, and the actions undertaken by social movements and other organized actors (such as private service providers). In general, it finds that the narratives offered in the literature specializing in this theme have shown the how of the developments undergone by welfare systems in Latin America and identified the factors that have influenced these changes, but they have rarely sought to discover the why of these transformations.
State-Making and Nation-Building
Authors: Díaz Arias David 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Central America experienced the construction of multiple forms of new identities from independence in 1821 to the present. Between 1825 and 1840, Central American politicians formed a Federal Republic to keep the region integrated as a single country but failed by getting involved in civil wars. Only Costa Rica remained relatively peaceful during the first decades after independence. During much of the nineteenth century, the other four countries confronted the problem of how to achieve political centralization. But local caudillos, the confrontations between elites, internal civil wars, economic weakness, and imperial interventions limited their plans. After 1870, the Central American nation-states started developing three patterns of racial identities: first, a liberal state in Costa Rica which was able to secure the image of a homogenous, white society with juridical institutions and electoral democracy; second, mestizo nations with limited citizenship in Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Honduras where politicians and intellectuals managed to rule with the military; and third, a nation-state in Guatemala where indigenous people remained outside the national identity during most of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. After 1954, social exclusion promoted revolutions commanded by guerrilla groups with the support of indigenous communities. During the 1980s, most of Central America was in civil war as a consequence of illegitimate states, a weak popular identification with national identities, and the legacy of decades of social exclusion, state violence, and inequality. By the end of the 1980s and early 1990s, local elites, political authorities, and guerrilla warriors in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Nicaragua negotiated peace. During the 1990s, access to power was decided through elections throughout Central America, and state institutions, such as supreme courts, legislative assemblies, ministers, and press, had the opportunity to bloom. Yet, democracy is still weak in this region.
The Cold War
Authors: Chávez Joaquín M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Global and regional political and cultural trends shaped a set of interrelated and persistent conflicts between authoritarian regimes and democratic and revolutionary forces during the Cold War in Central America. US Cold War anticommunism, in particular, abetted authoritarian governments that sparked major conflicts in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Nicaragua. The failure of the post-World War II wave of democratization in Central America led to persistent revolutionary and counterrevolutionary politics in the next three decades. Two successive waves of revolution emerged in the 1960s and 1970s. The reverberations of the Cuban Revolution and US counterinsurgency mainly shaped the first wave of revolution and counterrevolution in the 1960s. The Cuban Revolution, progressive Catholicism, and the Sandinista Revolution mainly shaped the second wave of revolution and counterrevolution in the 1970s and 1980s. The armed conflict in Guatemala (1960–1996), El Salvador’s Civil War (1980–1992), and the Contra War in Nicaragua (1979–1991) became the last major Cold War conflicts in Latin America. The changing dynamics of the conflicts on the ground and the international consensus in favor of peace negotiations in Central America that emerged at the end of the Cold War enabled the political settlement of the conflicts. The peace processes that put an end to the armed conflicts created fragile democracies in the midst of the neoliberal restructuring of the 1990s, which limited the meaning of social citizenship in Central America.
Establishment and Empirical Evaluation of a Quality Indicator System for Postoperative Pain Management
Authors: Chen Jiajia , Tong Yingge , Cheng Yan , Xue Zihao , Liu Miaomiao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to establish a quality indicator system for postoperative pain management and test its reliability, validity, and discrimination in China.

Methods
We established a quality indicator system using the Delphi method. Further, we designed and administered a survey questionnaire in the orthopedic departments of nine hospitals, located in the Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces, through purposive and convenience sampling methods to examine the reliability, validity, and discrimination of the quality indicator system.

Results
We established a quality indicator system to assess structure, process, and outcome measures of postoperative pain management using three first-level, eight subordinate second-level, and 32 subordinate third-level quality indicators. The scale-level content validity indexes of the three sections of the questionnaire, assessing structure, process, and outcomes measures, were 0.99, 0.98, and 0.98, respectively. We identified two common factors from the third section that demonstrated a cumulative variance contribution rate of 80.38% and a Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.95. The total scores and scores of the structure, process, and outcome quality indicators demonstrated statistically significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) between the wards (N = 4) that participated in the “Painless Orthopedics Ward” quality improvement program and those (N = 5) that did not.

Conclusions
This quality indicator system highlights the need for multidisciplinary cooperation and process characteristics of postoperative pain management, along with interdepartmental quality comparisons. And it demonstrates acceptable reliability, validity, and discrimination; thus it may be completely or partially employed in Chinese hospitals.
Safety and Effectiveness of Progressive Moderate-to-Vigorous Intensity Elastic Resistance Training on Physical Function and Pain in People With Hemophilia
Authors: Calatayud Joaquín , Pérez-Alenda Sofía , Carrasco Juan J , Cruz-Montecinos Carlos , Andersen Lars L , Bonanad Santiago , Querol Felipe , Megías-Vericat Juan E , Casaña José 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveStrength training is recommended for people with hemophilia; however, published data are anecdotal and have methodological limitations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of progressive moderate-to-vigorous intensity elastic resistance training on physical function and pain in this patient population.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted in a university laboratory setting where 20 patients (17 with severe, 1 with moderate, and 2 with mild hemophilia) aged 21 to 53 years received evaluations at baseline and 8-week follow-up. Participants were allocated to intervention (progressive strength training) or control (usual daily activities) groups. The intervention group trained 2 days per week during 8 weeks with elastic resistance. Intensity during the first 2 weeks was a 20-repetition maximum and increased progressively toward 15, 12, and finally 10 repetition maximum. The primary outcome was muscle strength. Secondary outcomes were the Timed “Up and Go” Test score, sit-to-stand, range of motion, Haemophilia Joint Health Score, kinesiophobia score, global impression of pain change, general self-rated health status, and desire to exercise.ResultsThe intervention group showed greater strength improvements than the control group in almost all of the joints, with moderate to high effect sizes. The intervention group also showed better Timed “Up and Go” and sit-to-stand scores than the control group (moderate effect size), greater range of motion at the knee flexion with the right leg (trivial effect size), and better Haemophilia Joint Health Score at the left knee (small effect size). The intervention group showed greater overall pain reduction, self-rated overall status, and desire to exercise than the control group.ConclusionsProgressive strength training with elastic resistance performed twice a week during 8 weeks is safe and effective in people with hemophilia to improve muscle strength and functional capacity, reduce general pain, and improve self-rated health status and desire to exercise.ImpactThis study provides evidence for the use of a specific strength training regimen for people with hemophilia.Lay SummaryPeople with hemophilia of differing levels of severity, with adequate coverage with clotting factor, can safely engage in progressive strength training and can improve their functioning.
UNCERTAINTY EVALUATION IN MEASUREMENT OF THE PERSONAL DOSE EQUIVALENT AT NINE INDIVIDUAL MONITORING SERVICES IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC REGION
Authors: Rizk Chadia , Askounis Panagiotis , Okyar H Burçin , Sangau John Konsoh , Baradaran Samaneh , Al Fares Elham , Shah Buddha R , Munkhtsetseg Baldandorj , Mitrayon Leeda , Rathnayake Muditha , Ali Mohamed 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the results of the evaluation of the uncertainty in measurement of the personal dose equivalent, Hp(10), at nine individual monitoring services (IMSs) in Asia and the Pacific region. Different types of passive dosemeters were type-tested according to the International Electrotechnical Commission 62387 requirements. The uncertainty in measurement was calculated using the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement approach. Expanded uncertainties ranged between 24 and 86% (average = 38%) for Hp(10) values around 1 mSv and between 14 and 40% (average = 27%) for doses around the annual dose limit, Hp(10) = 20 mSv. The expanded uncertainties were lower than the 1.5 factor in either direction proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection for doses near the relevant dose limits. This indicates an acceptable level of uncertainty for all participating IMSs. Uncertainty evaluation will help the IMSs to acknowledge the accuracy of their measurements.
Musical rhythm effects on visual attention are non-rhythmical: evidence against metrical entrainment
Authors: Schirmer Annett , Wijaya Maria , Chiu Man Hey , Maess Burkhard , Gunter Thomas C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The idea that external rhythms synchronize attention cross-modally has attracted much interest and scientific inquiry. Yet, whether associated attentional modulations are indeed rhythmical in that they spring from and map onto an underlying meter has not been clearly established. Here we tested this idea while addressing the shortcomings of previous work associated with confounding (i) metricality and regularity, (ii) rhythmic and temporal expectations or (iii) global and local temporal effects. We designed sound sequences that varied orthogonally (high/low) in metricality and regularity and presented them as task-irrelevant auditory background in four separate blocks. The participants’ task was to detect rare visual targets occurring at a silent metrically aligned or misaligned temporal position. We found that target timing was irrelevant for reaction times and visual event-related potentials. High background regularity and to a lesser extent metricality facilitated target processing across metrically aligned and misaligned positions. Additionally, high regularity modulated auditory background frequencies in the EEG recorded over occipital cortex. We conclude that external rhythms, rather than synchronizing attention cross-modally, confer general, nontemporal benefits. Their predictability conserves processing resources that then benefit stimulus representations in other modalities.
Intraindividual variability in sleep schedule: effects of an internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia program and its relation with symptom remission
Authors: Shaffer Kelly M , Hedeker Donald , Morin Charles M , Ingersoll Karen , Thorndike Frances , Ritterband Lee M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
Sleep schedule consistency is fundamental to cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), although there is limited evidence suggesting whether it predicts treatment response. This analysis tested whether: (1) an Internet-based CBT-I program affects intraindividual variability (IIV) in sleep schedule and (2) sleep schedule IIV predicts insomnia symptom remission.

Methods
This secondary analysis compares participants (N = 303) randomized to an Internet-based CBT-I program (SHUTi—Sleep Healthy Using the Internet) or Internet-based patient education (PE). Participants reported daily bedtimes and rising times on 10 online sleep diaries collected over 2 weeks at baseline and 9-week post-intervention assessment. Participants completed the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) at post-assessment and 6-month follow-up; symptom remission was defined by ISI &lt; 8. Mixed effects location scale modeling was used to examine the effect of SHUTi on bedtime and rising time IIV; a novel two-staged analysis examined the effect of bedtime and rising time IIV on insomnia symptom remission.

Results
At post-assessment, SHUTi participants reported about 30% less bedtime and 32% less rising time variability compared to PE (ps &lt; 0.03). Bedtime and rising time IIV was not independently associated with likelihood of insomnia symptom remission at the subsequent time point (ps &gt; 0.18), nor did sleep schedule IIV moderate treatment response (ps &gt; 0.12).

Conclusions
Findings demonstrate that an Internet-delivered CBT-I program can effectively increase users’ sleep schedule consistency relative to an educational control. This consistency, however, was not related to treatment outcome when defined by insomnia symptom remission, suggesting that enforcing rigid sleep schedules for patients may not be necessary for treatment success.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT00328250
16Feminisms
Authors: Watz Anna 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter reviews a selection of books published in 2019 relevant to feminist critical and cultural theory. The chapter is divided into four sections: 1. Introduction; 2. Feminist Handbooks, which reviews The Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Feminism, edited by Tasha Oren and Andrea L. Press, and The Bloomsbury Handbook of 21st-Century Feminist Theory, edited by Robin Truth Goodman; 3. Revolutionary Feminism, which reviews Cinzia Arruzza, Tithi Bhattacharya, and Nancy Fraser’s Feminism for the 99 Percent: A Manifesto; 4. Feminism and Pornography, which reviews Last Days at Hot Slit: The Radical Feminism of Andrea Dworkin, edited by Johanna Fateman and Amy Scholder, and Andrew Altman and Lori Watson’s co-authored Debating Pornography.
The Difference Rehabilitation Makes
Authors: Schoonover-Shoffner Kathy , Rudder Tami 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT:
Physical medicine and rehabilitation, or physiatry, is comprehensive medical care that helps a person get back, keep, or improve his or her physical, mental, or cognitive abilities needed for daily life. Six hallmarks of rehabilitation were discovered by this nurse author after her husband suffered a severe traumatic brain injury and was cared for at Madonna Rehabilitation Hospitals.
Enforced inactivity in the elderly and diabetes risk: initial estimates of the burden of an unintended consequence of COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Kipps Courtney , Hamer Mark , Hill Neil , Lorgelly Paula 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundOlder adults and those with underlying health conditions were advised to stay at home to help reduce the spread of COVID-19 however little advice on regular physical activity was given to those at risk. We modelled the effects of enforced inactivity on diabetes burden using published evidence.MethodsUsing Health Survey for England data, we estimated the prevalence of pre-diabetes and physical activity in adults aged 70 and older. The number of new diabetes cases directly attributed to lockdown were calculated using population attributable risk. Unit cost estimates of the additional burden on primary care and the cost of complications to secondary care were taken from the literature.ResultsFrom 9 million older (≥70yrs) people living in England, 2.1 million could be defined as pre-diabetic (glycated haemoglobin 42<48 mmol/mol). The estimated population attributable fraction (0.281) (assuming relative risk of diabetes from inactivity=3.3, 40% physically active) would give rise to 392,948 new cases of diabetes which we argue are directly attributed to a prolonged period of lockdown. We estimate that the cost of screening and testing these patients in primary care (£35m), their subsequent treatment and management (£229m), and complications (£909m) would equate to an additional £1.17bn to the health care system.ConclusionsInactivity related to lockdown in previously active older adults may contribute up to £1.17b in additional healthcare costs through a potential increase in diabetes. Clear advice about the importance of physical activity may reduce this potential economic burden during global pandemics.