bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of data breaches on company performance
Authors: Juma'h Ahmad H. , Alnsour Yazan 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to analyze the effect of data breaches – whose concerns and implications can be legal, social and economic – on companies’ overall performance.

Design/methodology/approach
Information on data breaches was collected from online compilations, and financial data on breached companies was collected from the Mergent Online database. The financial variables used were related to profitability, liquidity, solvency and company size to analyze the financial performance of the breached companies before and after the data breach event. Nonfinancial data, such as the type and the size of the breaches, was also collected. The data was analyzed using multiple regression.

Findings
The results confirm that nonmandatory information related to announcements of data breaches is a signal of companies’ overall performance, as measured by profitability ratios, return on assets and return on equity. The study does not confirm a relationship between data breaches and stock market reaction when measuring quarterly changes in share prices.

Research limitations/implications
The main limitation of the study relates to ratio and trend analyses. Such analyses are commonly used when researching accounting information. However, they do not directly reflect the companies’ conditions and realities, and they rely on companies’ released financial reports. Another limitation concerns the confounding factors. The major confounding factors around the data breaches’ dates were identified; however, this was not enough to assure that other factors were not affecting the companies’ financial performance. Because of the nature of such events, this study needs to be replicated to include specific information about the companies using case studies. Therefore, the authors recommend replicating the research to validate the article’s findings when each industry makes more announcements available.

Practical implications
To remediate the risks and losses associated with data breaches, companies may use their reserved funds.

Social implications
Company data breach announcements signal internal deficiencies. Therefore, the affected companies become liable to their employees, customers and investors.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to both theory and practice in the areas of accounting finance, and information management.
The nexus between Islamic banking and industrial production
Authors: Bougatef Khemaies , Nakhli Mohamed Sahbi , Mnari Othman 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between Islamic banking and industrial production by decomposing Islamic financing (IF) into profit and loss sharing (PLS) and non-profit and loss sharing (non-PLS) modes of financing.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper applies the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach and Toda and Yamamoto causality test on the monthly data set for Malaysia from 2010M1 to 2018M6.

Findings
The results reveal that IF plays an important role in boosting industrial production in the short run, as well as in the long run. Moreover, this positive effect mainly comes from non-PLS financing. In contrast, no significant relationship was found between PLS financing and industrial development neither in the short run nor in the long run.

Practical implications
The results have several policy implications. The existence of a time lag between the pooling of funds through PLS contracts and their channeling to industrial activities imply that Malaysian Islamic banks should maintain a long-term relationship with investment account holders. In addition, Islamic banks are called to increase the portion of PLS financing. The positive relationship between the industrial production index and IF (through non-PLS techniques) in the short and the long runs implies that policymakers in Malaysia should multiply their efforts to further expand the Islamic banking industry.

Originality/value
The originality of this study lies in decomposing Islamic banks’ financing into PLS financing (muḍārabah and mushārakah) and non-PLS financing to assess the contribution of each mode of financing in industrial development.
An investigation of the acute management of closed intra-articular fractures of the proximal interphalangeal joint in Ireland
Authors: Harmon Deirdre , Spirtos Michelle 
Published: March 2020

PurposeMany treatment methods for intra-articular fractures of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint are described in the literature without a consensus on the most effective approach. The purpose of this study was to investigate the methods of treatment of PIP joint fractures being used by trauma surgeons in the Republic of Ireland currently and the timing of referral to therapy.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional descriptive study methodology was used to survey trauma surgeons, occupational therapists and physiotherapists in Ireland. An online platform was used. A total of 21 surveys were returned by surgeons and 37 by therapists. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to present the results.FindingsBuddy strapping was reported as the primary treatment method for stable PIP joint fractures. All levels of fracture severity were reported to be treated using traction constructs, which include static and dynamic fixation and orthoses. Unstable fractures were managed using open reduction with internal fixation by 50 per cent of surgeons. Early timing of referral to therapy is reported by more surgeons than therapists. The majority of therapists indicated that they did not have the resources to see patients at the optimal time.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, this study provides the first description of the management of PIP joint fractures across the Irish health service. The findings of this study suggest that additional therapy resources are required within the health service executive to facilitate the desired early referral to therapy and to enable service development for this category of hand fractures.
Effect of industrial wastes and lime on strength characteristics of clayey soil
Authors: Bhardwaj Avinash , Sharma Ravi Kumar 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to attempt to use two industrial wastes; waste foundry sands (WFS) and molasses (M) along with lime (L) to improve the strength characteristics of clayey soil.Design/methodology/approachIn the first part of the study, the optimum percentages of materials (WFS, molasses, lime) have been found out by conducting differential free swell (DFS) and consistency limit tests on clayey soil by adding various admixtures. The second and third part of the study investigates the compaction behaviour and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of clayey soil on addition of optimum amount of various materials alone and in combination with each other. Finally, the micro-structural behaviour of addition of optimum percentages of lime, WFS and molasses using Scanning electron microscopic technique has been discussed.FindingsThe laboratory results revealed that the addition of optimum content of lime along with WFS and molasses reduced DFS and plasticity index and increased maximum dry density and UCS values. The microstructural behaviour showed that the presence of lime and molasses filled the voids present in the soil and the addition of WFS helped in providing compact structure, thus improving the strength characteristics.Practical implicationsThe study will be helpful in designing low-cost pavement designs for rural roads.Social implicationsThe adverse effect of waste materials on environment may be solved by using them in improving the strength characteristics of clayey soils, thereby providing healthy environment to living beings.Originality/valueThe study will help to provide low-cost methods to improve strength characteristics of clayey soil along with the use of waste materials; the disposal of whose is a challenging task.
If you're corrupt, you'd better be free
Authors: Dincer Oguzhan 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis study aims to investigate if the level of economic freedom matters for how corruption affects per capita income in US states.Design/methodology/approachUsing a new (and novel) index of corruption, which is based on Associated Press news wires, the author estimates the long-run cointegrating relationship between corruption, economic freedom and per capita income with fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) following Pedroni (2000).FindingsThe author finds that there is a threshold level of economic freedom that determines if corruption reduces the per capita income in a state. According to the FMOLS estimations, the negative effects of corruption on income decrease as economic freedom increases, and they eventually disappear.Originality/valueThis is the first study investigating the intricate relationship between corruption, economic freedom and economic performance using data from US states. The study uses a news-based measure of corruption constructed by Dincer and Johnston (2017), which has several advantages over the convictions-based measure used in previous studies analyzing the relationship between corruption and growth using US data. The study takes into account the integration and cointegration properties of the data and estimates the relationship among the cointegrated variables using FMOLS following Pedroni (2000).
Organisational ethnography as a project of unease
Authors: Lindberg Annika , Eule Tobias Georg 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe article examines situations of unease during ethnographic fieldwork with migration control agents in Sweden, Denmark and Germany. It shows how these “tests” are both methodologically challenging and analytically valuable, and how they need to be addressed properly. The article concludes a special issue on “passing the test in organisational ethnography”.Design/methodology/approachThe article is based on ethnographic research with migration control agents, carried out by both authors in Denmark and Sweden (Annika) and Germany (Tobias). However, rather than presenting the main results from this research, the article focuses on the tests encountered during the research.FindingsThe article has two main findings. First, it provides an open typology of tests. Second, it proposes four ways in which ethnographers could address these tests: acknowledging them methodologically, working through them personally and collectively, unpacking them analytically and preparing others in teaching and peer-feedback.Research limitations/implicationsThe article encourages ethnographers to engage reflexively with fieldwork challenges, and provides a framework for doing so.Originality/valueThe article presents contributes to the current debate on organisational ethnography with recommendations of how to engage with tests in ethnographic fieldwork.
The trend of multisided platforms (MSPs) in the travel industry: reintermediation of travel agencies (TAs) and global distribution systems (GDSs)
Authors: Aamir Suhaib , Atsan Nuray 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the remarkable trend of multisided platforms (MSPs) in the travel industry with the help of which travel agencies (TAs) and global distribution systems (GDSs) can reinforce their intermediary roles. Orthodox TAs face the threats of disintermediation because of the ever faster-changing developments in information and communication technologies, such as the emergence of metasearch engines, online travel agencies, direct bookings on airline websites and the widespread of mobile applications for travel related bookings. GDSs face similar threats of disintermediation from low-cost carriers and legacy carriers, as these carriers promote and encourage direct bookings via their official websites or via the new distribution capability.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a casestudy-oriented research, and the case selected is a MSP based in Turkey. The data are gathered using semi-structured interviews conducted from 15 international representatives of this MSP in different countries. Interviews were conducted either physically at the MSP’s headquarters in Antalya, Turkey, or virtually using Zoom application from January to October 2019.

Findings
The paper portrays the significance of MSPs in terms of their contributions toward the reintermediation of the two important intermediaries, namely, TAs and GDSs in the travel industry supply chain. Both of them are prone to the dangers of disintermediation because of the developments in technology, networking and communication channels; the worldwide accessibility of the stakeholders to the internet; and the direct reach of suppliers to consumers. The deteriorating role of TAs and GDSs is reignited by the successful launch, deployment and adoption of MSPs in the ecosystem of the travel industry.

Originality/value
This paper offers an insight into the prevailing trend of MSPs in business to business (B2B) trading from the perspective of two main intermediaries, TAs and GDSs, in the supply chain of the travel industry. The paper in a novel way compiles the data from the interviews to shed light on the adoption of MSPs by intermediaries in their business models to reintermediate themselves because the sole reliance of intermediaries on orthodox business models is pushing them on to the verge of disintermediation.
Chronicles of one woman’s journey towards well-being: identity part 1
Authors: Mullen Jo 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to share the experiences and reflections of one woman’s journey towards well-being.

Design/methodology/approach
A narrative approach has been taken to structure reflections based on lived experience.

Findings
Reflections are offered based on a personal journey towards well-being.

Originality/value
This paper adds to the accounts of the lived experience of the journey towards well-being, and as such, contributes to the understanding of the process of rebuilding a life.
Low stand density moderates growth declines during hot droughts in semi‐arid forests
Authors: Andrews Caitlin M. , D'Amato Anthony W. , Fraver Shawn , Palik Brian , Battaglia Michael A. , Bradford John B. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Increasing heat and aridity in coming decades is expected to negatively impact tree growth and threaten forest sustainability in dry areas. Maintaining low stand density has the potential to mitigate the negative effects of increasingly severe droughts by minimizing competitive intensity.

However, the direct impact of stand density on the growing environment (i.e. soil moisture), and the specific drought metrics that best quantify that environment, are not well explored for any forest ecosystem. We examined the relationship of varying stand density (i.e. basal area) on soil moisture and stand‐level growth in a long‐term (multi‐decadal), ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa, forest management experiment. We accounted for the influence of stand‐level density on moisture availability by measuring and modelling soil moisture using an ecosystem water balance model.

To quantify the growing environment, we developed metrics of ecological drought that integrate the influence of moisture availability in the soil with moisture demand by the atmosphere. We paired these results with stand‐level dendrochronological data, avoiding the potential bias introduced from individual tree‐based assessments, and used critical climate period analysis to identify the timing and duration of these drought metrics that most relate to forest growth.

We found that stand‐level growth is highly responsive to the combination of high temperature and low soil moisture. Growth in all stands was negatively related to temperature and positively related to moisture availability, although the sensitivity of growth to those conditions varied among stand density treatments. Growth enhancement during cool years is greatest in low density stands. In addition, low density stands displayed substantially higher long‐term average growth than higher density stands and maintained higher growth even when temperatures were high. Growth in low density stands also increased more than higher density stands in response to greater long‐term moisture availability.

Synthesis and applications. We quantified the influence of stand‐level density on the environmental conditions that determine tree growth and related forest growth to patterns of moisture supply and demand. Our drought metrics, and analytical approach for quantifying drought impacts on forest growth, are a novel approach for assessing forest vulnerability to drought under climate change. These results provide new perspective on the potential for density management to mitigate drought stress and maintain forest stand growth during and after drought events in water‐limited forests.
Novel NLRC4‐ALK and EML4‐ALK double fusion mutations in a lung adenocarcinoma patient: A case report
Authors: Wu Xueqian , Wang Weiya , Zou Bingwen , Li Yanying , Yang Xiaojuan , Liu Ning , Ma Qizhi , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Wang Yongsheng , Li Dan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAnaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements have been reported in 5% to 6% of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the concurrent existence of two ALK fusions within the same patient have rarely previously been reported. Moreover, considering the diversities of ALK mutations, it is necessary to evaluate the response of both double and new types of ALK fusions to ALK‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK‐TKIs). Here, we report a case of a 64‐year‐old Chinese woman who was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) who concurrently harbored two types of ALK‐rearrangements, including an unreported NLRC4‐ALK fusion and EML4‐ALK fusion. After surgery, the patient had a progression‐free survival (PFS) of over 10 months with continuous crizotinib treatment after surgery. Our findings provide a better understanding of ALK‐TKI in patients with two novel ALK concomitant fusions.Key pointsA lung adenocarcinoma patient harboring concurrent NLRC4‐ALK and EML4‐ALK fusion mutations benefited from crizotinib after surgery. Our findings provide important information for future treatment decision‐making in patients with double ALK fusions.
The effect of a preparation containing glycocholic acid and/or agitation on the tissue dissolution ability of sodium hypochlorite
Authors: Conde Antonio J. , Peña Alejandro , Estevez Roberto , Loroño Gaizka , Rossi‐Fedele Giampiero , Cisneros Rafael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study assessed the porcine palatal mucosa dissolution, from artificial grooves, by a final rinse of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solely or mixed with Keratobacter ((KB); or agitation) passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) or sonic activation (SA). Soft‐tissue samples (n = 123) were weighed and placed inside root canal grooves in central maxillary incisors. The specimens were randomly divided into six test groups (n = 20): NaOCl 3% with or without KB and the irrigation dynamics: positive pressure (PP), SA or PUI. An EDTA intermediate rinse was included. Soft‐tissue weights were measured subsequently. The NaOCl + KB_PUI group showed the highest mean weight reduction, whilst the NaOCl_PP group recorded the lowest. NaOCl + KB subgroups were associated with hastened reduction compared with NaOCl subgroups. NaOCl_PP presented with significantly lower weight reduction when compared with the remaining experimental groups. The addition of KB to NaOCl or its agitation enhances tissue dissolution ex vivo. The agitation of KB‐containing mixtures offers no further benefits.
Anatomical and functional changes in the retina in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Szegedi Stephan , Dal‐Bianco Peter , Stögmann Elisabeth , Traub‐Weidinger Tatjana , Rainer Michael , Masching Andreas , Schmidl Doreen , Werkmeister René M. , Chua Jacqueline , Schmetterer Leopold , Garhöfer Gerhard 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeThere is evidence that mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accompanied by alterations in the retina. The current study was performed to investigate structural and functional changes in patients with systemic neurodegenerative disease.MethodsA total of 47 patients with either MCI or AD and 43 healthy age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects were included. Inclusion criteria for MCI were abnormal memory function and a mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) score >26 points, for patients with AD a diagnosis of probable AD of mild to moderate degree and an MMSE score in the range of 20–26. Retinal blood flow was measured using a Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. Retinal vessel diameter, oxygen saturation and flicker‐induced vasodilatation were measured using a Vessel Analyzer. Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) was assessed using an OCT system.ResultsGlobal RNFLT was lower in patients compared to healthy controls (93.7 ± 12.8 µm versus 99.1 ± 9.0 µm, p = 0.02). The same was found in regards to retinal arterial blood flow, which was 9.3 ± 2.4 and 12.3 ± 3.2 μl/min in the patient and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Mean retinal arterial diameter was reduced in patients (76.0 ± 8.9 µm versus 80.6 ± 8.0 µm, p = 0.03). Arteriovenous difference in oxygen saturation was lower in patients (20.4 ± 5.1% versus 23.5 ± 4.0%, p < 0.01). No difference in the flicker response was observed.ConclusionIn patients with MCI and AD, arteriovenous difference in oxygen saturation, retinal blood flow and arterial vessel diameter was reduced. No difference was found in flicker response between groups. This indicates alterations in retinal oxygen metabolism in patients with neurodegenerative disease.
Do infants expect others to be helpful?
Authors: Lee Wooyeol , Kim Eun Young , Song Hyun‐joo 
Published: March 2020

This study examined whether infants assume that people will help others to achieve specific goals. Seventeen‐month‐old infants watched familiarization events in which a competent agent succeeded in climbing hills while an incompetent agent failed to do so. In subsequent test events, the competent agent either helped the incompetent agent reach the top of the hill (helping event) or simply passed the incompetent agent and reached the top of the hill alone (ignoring event). The infants looked reliably longer at the ignoring event than at the helping event. These findings suggest that, by at least the age of 17 months, infants expect a competent agent to help an incompetent agent. Our findings provide evidence that infants in their second year of life possess some expectations of others’ prosociality.
Statement of contribution

What is already known?

Infants begin to reliably produce helping behaviours during their second year of life.

Infants expect others to help an agent who is in need, not one who is not in need.

Infants expect others to help, not ignore, another in need when linguistic information explicitly signals that the agent and the recipient belong to the same social group.

What the present study adds?

Infants expect someone to provide help rather than to ignore another in need under some circumstances with no linguistic information about their social group membership.

Infants expect an agent to be a helper, not a bystander, even when they lack information about the agent’s moral characteristics.