bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coordinating large distributed relational process structures
Authors: Steinau Sebastian , Andrews Kevin , Reichert Manfred 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRepresenting a business process as a collaboration of interacting processes has become feasible with the emergence of data-centric business process management paradigms. Usually, these interacting processes have relations and, thereby, form a complex relational process structure. The interactions of processes within this relational process structure need to be coordinated to arrive at a meaningful overall business goal. However, relational process structures may become arbitrarily large. With the use of cloud technology, they may additionally be distributed over multiple nodes, allowing for scalability. Coordination processes have been proposed to coordinate relational process structures, where processes may have one-to-many and many-to-many relations at run-time. This paper shows how multiple coordination processes can be used in a decentralized fashion to more efficiently coordinate large, distributed process structures. The main challenge of using multiple coordination processes is to effectively realize the coordination responsibility of each coordination process. Key components of the solution are the subsidiary principle and the hierarchy of the relational process structure. Finally, an implementation of the coordination process concept based on microservices was developed, which allows for fast and concurrent enactment of multiple, decentralized coordination processes in large, distributed process structures.
Smart urban governance: an alternative to technocratic “smartness”
Authors: Jiang Huaxiong , Geertman Stan , Witte Patrick 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper argues for a specific urban planning perspective on smart governance that we call “smart urban governance,” which represents a move away from the technocratic way of governing cities often found in smart cities. A framework on smart urban governance is proposed on the basis of three intertwined key components, namely spatial, institutional, and technological components. To test the applicability of the framework, we conducted an international questionnaire survey on smart city projects. We then identified and discursively analyzed two smart city projects—Smart Nation Singapore and Helsinki Smart City—to illustrate how this framework works in practice. The questionnaire survey revealed that smart urban governance varies remarkably: As urban issues differ in different contexts, the governance modes and relevant ICT functionalities applied also differ considerably. Moreover, the case analysis indicates that a focus on substantive urban challenges helps to define appropriate modes of governance and develop dedicated technologies that can contribute to solving specific smart city challenges. The analyses of both cases highlight the importance of context (cultural, political, economic, etc.) in analyzing interactions between the components. In this, smart urban governance promotes a sociotechnical way of governing cities in the “smart” era by starting with the urban issue at stake, promoting demand-driven governance modes, and shaping technological intelligence more socially, given the specific context.
Algorithmic Skeletons and Parallel Design Patterns in Mainstream Parallel Programming
Authors: Danelutto Marco , Mencagli Gabriele , Torquati Massimo , González–Vélez Horacio , Kilpatrick Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses the impact of structured parallel programming methodologies in state-of-the-art industrial and research parallel programming frameworks. We first recap the main ideas underpinning structured parallel programming models and then present the concepts of algorithmic skeletons and parallel design patterns. We then discuss how such concepts have permeated the wider parallel programming community. Finally, we give our personal overview—as researchers active for more than two decades in the parallel programming models and frameworks area—of the process that led to the adoption of these concepts in state-of-the-art industrial and research parallel programming frameworks, and the perspectives they open in relation to the exploitation of forthcoming massively-parallel (both general and special-purpose) architectures.
Plant uptake, translocation and metabolism of PBDEs in plants of food and feed industry: A review
Authors: Dobslaw Daniel , Woiski Christine , Kiel Martina , Kuch Bertram , Breuer Jörn 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have widely been used for decades as flame retardants in a variety of products like plastics for building insulation, upholstered furniture, electrical appliances, vehicles, aircrafts, polyurethane foams, textiles, cable insulation, appliance plugs and various technical plastics in concentrations of 5–30%. However, PBDEs also act as endocrine disrupters, neurotoxins, and negatively affect fertility. In 2001, worldwide consumption of technically relevant penta-BDEs was still estimated at 7500 tons, octa-BDEs at 3790 tons, and deca-BDE at 56,100 tons, but 50–60% of this total volume are discharged into the environment via sewage sludge and its agricultural use alone. In addition, soils are ubiquitously contaminated by the gaseous or particle-bound transport of PBDEs, which today has its main source in highly contaminated electronic waste recycling sites. The emitted PBDEs enter the food chain via uptake by the plants’ roots and shoots. However, uptake and intrinsic transport behaviour strongly depend on crop specifics and various soil parameters. The relevant exposure and transformation pathways, transport-relevant soil and plant characteristics and both root concentration factors (RCF) and transfer factors (TF) as derivable parameters are addressed and quantified in this review. Finally, a simple predictive model for quantification of RCF and TF based on log KOW values and the organic content of the soil/lipid content of the plants is also presented.
Constrained Lipschitzian Error Bounds and Noncritical Solutions of Constrained Equations
Authors: Fischer A. , Izmailov A. F. , Jelitte M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor many years, local Lipschitzian error bounds for systems of equations have been successfully used for the design and analysis of Newton-type methods. There are characterizations of those error bounds by means of first-order derivatives like a recent result by Izmailov, Kurennoy, and Solodov on critical solutions of nonlinear equations. We aim at extending this result in two directions which shall enable, to some extent, to include additional constraints and to consider mappings with reduced smoothness requirements. This leads to new necessary as well as sufficient conditions for the existence of error bounds.
How (not) to judge a theory of causation
Authors: Gijsbers Victor 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhilosophical theories of causation are commonly judged by their ability to correctly determine whether there is a causal relation present in intuitively clear example scenarios. If the theories survive this test, they are then used to answer big philosophical questions about causation. This Method of Examples is attractive because it seems to allow us to determine the quality of a theory of causation independently of answering the big philosophical questions; which is good, since it means that we can then non-circularly use the theories judged to be best to answer those questions. However, the current article argues that this virtue of the Method of Examples is an illusion. In particular, I argue that the necessary step of judging whether a proposed analysis of causation is reductive can only be taken after many of the most vexing philosophical questions about causation have already been answered. It is then shown that a rejection of the methodological supremacy of the Method of Examples leads to a more pluralistic method of judging theories of causation, a pluralism that benefits non-standard approaches like interventionism and agency theories.
Notes on a complicated relationship: scientific pluralism, epistemic relativism, and stances
Authors: Veigl Sophie Juliane 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhile scientific pluralism enjoys widespread popularity within the philosophy of science, a related position, epistemic relativism, does not have much traction. Defenders of scientific pluralism, however, dread the question of whether scientific pluralism entails epistemic relativism. It is often argued that if a scientific pluralist accepts epistemic relativism, she will be unable to pass judgment because she believes that “anything goes”. In this article, I will show this concern to be unnecessary. I will also argue that common strategies to differentiate relativism and pluralism fail. Building upon this analysis, I will propose a new way of looking at both positions’ relations. This article aims to understand what explains the friction between scientific pluralism and epistemic relativism. I will demonstrate that conceptualizing both epistemic relativism and scientific pluralism as “stances” sheds better light on their relation and demonstrates that it is, in principle, possible to support both positions at the same time. Preferred policies and levels of analysis, however, cause friction in practice.
A generative model of hyperelastic strain energy density functions for multiple tissue brain deformation
Authors: Granados Alejandro , Perez-Garcia Fernando , Schweiger Martin , Vakharia Vejay , Vos Sjoerd B. , Miserocchi Anna , McEvoy Andrew W. , Duncan John S. , Sparks Rachel , Ourselin Sébastien 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Estimation of brain deformation is crucial during neurosurgery. Whilst mechanical characterisation captures stress–strain relationships of tissue, biomechanical models are limited by experimental conditions. This results in variability reported in the literature. The aim of this work was to demonstrate a generative model of strain energy density functions can estimate the elastic properties of tissue using observed brain deformation.

Methods
For the generative model a Gaussian Process regression learns elastic potentials from 73 manuscripts. We evaluate the use of neo-Hookean, Mooney–Rivlin and 1-term Ogden meta-models to guarantee stability. Single and multiple tissue experiments validate the ability of our generative model to estimate tissue properties on a synthetic brain model and in eight temporal lobe resection cases where deformation is observed between pre- and post-operative images.

Results
Estimated parameters on a synthetic model are close to the known reference with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm between surface nodes for single and multiple tissue experiments. In clinical cases, we were able to recover brain deformation from pre- to post-operative images reducing RMSE of differences from 1.37 to 1.08 mm on the ventricle surface and from 5.89 to 4.84 mm on the resection cavity surface.

Conclusion
Our generative model can capture uncertainties related to mechanical characterisation of tissue. When fitting samples from elastography and linear studies, all meta-models performed similarly. The Ogden meta-model performed the best on hyperelastic studies. We were able to predict elastic parameters in a reference model on a synthetic phantom. However, deformation observed in clinical cases is only partly explained using our generative model.
Peronosclerospora australiensis is a synonym of P. maydis, which is widespread on Sumatra, and distinct from the most prevalent Java maize downy mildew pathogen
Authors: Suharjo Radix , Swibawa I. Gede , Prasetyo Joko , Fitriana Yuyun , Danaatmadja Yanuar , Budiawan Ari , Roberts Sean , Noorhajati Nanin , Amad Muhammad , Thines Marco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study was performed to identifyPeronosclerosporaspecies found in Indonesia based on sequence analysis of thecox2 gene. In addition, sequence data in total, 26 isolates ofPeronosclerosporawere investigated in this study. They were obtained from 7 provinces in Indonesia, namely Lampung, Jawa Timur, Jawa Barat, Sumatera Utara, Jawa Tengah, Yogyakarta, and Sulawesi Selatan. Sequence analysis ofcox2 and phylogenetic inference were performed on all the 26 isolates. A set of primers developed in this study, PCOX2F and PCOX2R, was used for PCR amplification. Phylogenetic analyses showed that all the Indonesian isolates were divided into two groups. Group I contained 13 isolates; 9 isolates obtained from Lampung, 3 isolates from Sumatera Utara, and 1 isolate from Jawa Barat. Group II consisted of 13 isolates; 7 isolates from Jawa Timur, 2 isolates from Jawa Tengah, 1 isolate from Yogyakarta, and 3 isolates from Sulawesi Selatan. All the members of group I clustered with the ex-type sequence ofP. australiensis. Meanwhile, all members of Group II formed the sister clade of isolates obtained from Timor-Leste and may representP. maydis.
It Didn’t Have to be This Way Reflections on the Ethical Justification of the Running Ban in Northern Italy in Response to the 2020 COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Camporesi Silvia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper I discuss the ethical justifiability of the limitation of freedom of movement, in particular of the ban on running outdoors, enforced in Italy as a response to the COVID-19 outbreak in the spring of 2020. I argue that through the lens of public health ethics literature, the ban on running falls short of the criterion of proportionality that public health ethics scholars and international guidelines for the ethical management of infectious disease outbreak recommend for any measure that restricts essential individual freedoms, such as the freedom of movement. The public health ethics framework, however, falls short of explaining the widespread public support that the running ban has had in Italy. I discuss possible factors which could explain the public support for the ban in Italy. Finally, I raise the question of what societal implications the abandonment of the public health ethics framework based on proportionality might have. I conclude that if it is the case, as the history of pandemics teaches us, we will experience further waves of COVID-19 outbreaks, it becomes very important to raise these questions now, with an eye towards informing public health policies for the management of future COVID-19 outbreaks. This discussion should not become politicized along the lines of liberal pro-lockdown/conservative anti-lockdown. Instead, we should reflect on the trade-offs of lockdown policies according to a pluralist framework, in which COVID-19 related deaths are not the only possible value to pursue.
Insect chemical ecology: chemically mediated interactions and novel applications in agriculture
Authors: Mbaluto Crispus M. , Ayelo Pascal M. , Duffy Alexandra G. , Erdei Anna L. , Tallon Anaїs K. , Xia Siyang , Caballero-Vidal Gabriela , Spitaler Urban , Szelényi Magdolna O. , Duarte Gonçalo A. , Walker William B. , Becher Paul G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInsect chemical ecology (ICE) evolved as a discipline concerned with plant–insect interactions, and also with a strong focus on intraspecific pheromone-mediated communication. Progress in this field has rendered a more complete picture of how insects exploit chemical information in their surroundings in order to survive and navigate their world successfully. Simultaneously, this progress has prompted new research questions about the evolution of insect chemosensation and related ecological adaptations, molecular mechanisms that mediate commonly observed behaviors, and the consequences of chemically mediated interactions in different ecosystems. Themed meetings, workshops, and summer schools are ideal platforms for discussing scientific advancements as well as identifying gaps and challenges within the discipline. From the 11th to the 22nd of June 2018, the 11th annual PhD course in ICE was held at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Alnarp, Sweden. The course was made up of 35 student participants from 22 nationalities (Fig. 1a) as well as 32 lecturers. Lectures and laboratory demonstrations were supported by literature seminars, and four broad research areas were covered: (1) multitrophic interactions and plant defenses, (2) chemical communication focusing on odor sensing, processing, and behavior, (3) disease vectors, and (4) applied aspects of basic ICE research in agriculture. This particular article contains a summary and brief synthesis of these main emergent themes and discussions from the ICE 2018 course. In addition, we also provide suggestions on teaching the next generation of ICE scientists, especially during unprecedented global situations.
The optimal post-eclosion interval while estimating the post-mortem interval based on an empty puparium
Authors: Wydra Jędrzej , Matuszewski Szymon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe puparium is the hardened exoskeleton of the last larval instar of a fly, inside which a prepupa, a pupa and a pharate adult fly successively develop. Empty puparia are frequently collected at death scenes, especially in cases with a long post mortem interval (PMI). Although we are not able to estimate the interval between the eclosion of an adult fly and the collection of an empty puparium (i.e. the post-eclosion interval (PEI)), empty puparia may still provide valuable evidence about the minimum PMI. However, because of the unknown PEI, it is impossible to determine the time when the fly emerged, and thus when the retrospective calculation of the minimum PMI should start. In this study, the estimation of PMI (or minimum PMI) for empty puparia of Protophormia terraenovae Rob.-Desv. (Calliphoridae) and Stearibia nigriceps Meig. (Piophilidae) was simulated, to gain insight into the changes in estimates, when different PEIs and different temperature conditions were assumed. The simulations showed that the PEI (in a range of 0–90 days) had no effect on the PMI (or minimum PMI) when the puparium was collected in winter or early spring (December–April). In late spring, summer, or autumn (May–November) the PMI (or minimum PMI) increased with the PEI. The increase in PMI was large in the summer months, and surprisingly small in the autumn months, frequently smaller than the PEI used in the estimation. The shortest PMI was always obtained with a PEI of 0, indicating that the true minimum PMI is always estimated using a PEI of 0. When the puparium was collected during spring, simulations indicated that oviposition had occurred in the previous year, while in summer the previous-year oviposition has been indicated by the simulations only when longer PEIs had been assumed. These findings should guide estimation of the PMI (or minimum PMI) based on an empty puparium.
Phase Separation in Porous Media Integrated Capillary Channels
Authors: Bisht Kamal S. , Dreyer Michael E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Phase separation in space is critical for gas-free propellant supply, life support systems, refueling of spacecraft in low earth orbit (LEO), and for deep space exploration missions. In the absence of gravity, the stability of the liquid-gas interface depends on capillary forces. High liquid flow rates, sudden accelerations, and vibrational disturbances can cause the free surface of the liquid to collapse, which results in the ingestion of gas. Propellant tanks may have screen channel liquid acquisition devices (SCLADs) to position and maintain a gas-free propellant supply to the outlet. A saturated porous screen permits liquid to pass through but acts as a barrier to the gas. We investigated phase separation in porous media integrated capillary channels during parabolic flights (33rd DLR parabolic flight campaign in March 2019). An open side of a rectangular channel was covered with a dutch twill weave 200×1400. The liquid was ingested into the channel from its surroundings by establishing a differential pressure across the screen section. The gas-phase was blocked during the liquid withdrawal. We could show that the gas breakthrough occurs when the pressure difference across the screen exceeds the bubble point pressure. The experimental results showed good agreement with correlations from literature.
Application of various strategies and methodologies for landslide susceptibility maps on a basin scale: the case study of Val Tartano, Italy
Authors: Yordanov Vasil , Brovelli Maria Antonia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLandslide susceptibility mapping is a crucial initial step in risk mitigation strategies. Landslide hazards are widely spread all over the world and, as such, mapping the relevant susceptibility levels is in constant research and development. As a result, numerous modelling techniques and approaches have been adopted by scholars, implementing these models at different scales and with different terrains, in search of the best-performing strategy. Nevertheless, a direct comparison is not possible unless the strategies are implemented under the same environmental conditions and scenarios. The aim of this work is to implement three statistical-based models (Statistical Index, Logistic Regression, and Random Forest) at the basin scale, using various scenarios for the input datasets (terrain variables), training samples and ratios, and validation metrics. A reassessment of the original input data was carried out to improve the model performance. In total, 79 maps were obtained using different combinations with some highly satisfactory outcomes and others that are barely acceptable. Random Forest achieved the highest scores in most of the cases, proving to be a reliable modelling approach. While Statistical Index passes the evaluation tests, most of the resulting maps were considered unreliable. This research highlighted the importance of a complete and up-to-date landslide inventory, the knowledge of local conditions, as well as the pre- and post-analysis evaluation of the input and output combinations.