bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new hybrid reliability‐based design optimization method under random and interval uncertainties
Authors: Zhang Jinhao , Gao Liang , Xiao Mi 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThis article proposes a new method for hybrid reliability‐based design optimization under random and interval uncertainties (HRBDO‐RI). In this method, Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is employed to estimate the upper bound of failure probability, and stochastic sensitivity analysis (SSA) is extended to calculate the sensitivity information of failure probability in HRBDO‐RI. Due to a large number of samples involved in MCS and SSA, Kriging metamodels are constructed to substitute true constraints. To avoid unnecessary computational cost on Kriging metamodel construction, a new screening criterion based on the coefficient of variation of failure probability is developed to judge active constraints in HRBDO‐RI. Then a projection‐outline‐based active learning Kriging is achieved by sequentially select update points around the projection outlines on the limit‐state surfaces of active constraints. Furthermore, the prediction uncertainty of Kriging metamodel is quantified and considered in the termination of Kriging update. Several examples, including a piezoelectric energy harvester design, are presented to test the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method for HRBDO‐RI.
Parent recommendation to bank sperm among at‐risk adolescent and young adult males with cancer
Authors: Flynn Jessica S. , Russell Kathryn M. , Lehmann Vicky , Schenck Lauren A.‐M. , Klosky James L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdolescent and young adult (AYA) males newly diagnosed with cancer are often faced with making quick decisions about whether to cryopreserve (“bank”) sperm prior to treatment initiation. Given that parental influence is crucial among young patients, the present study examines the prevalence of and factors associated with parent recommendation to bank sperm.ProcedureParents of 13‐ to 21‐year‐old males newly diagnosed with cancer and at risk for infertility secondary to impending gonadotoxic treatment completed questionnaires typically within one week of treatment initiation. Medical and sociodemographic data, communication factors, and psychological factors were considered in a logistic regression model of parent report of parental recommendation to bank sperm (yes/no).ResultsSurveys from 138 parents (70.3% female) of 117 AYA males (mean age = 16.1 years, SD = 2.0) were analyzed. Over half of parents recommended banking to their sons (N = 82; 59.4%). Parents who received a provider recommendation to bank sperm (odds ratio [OR] = 18.44, 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.20‐81.01, P < 0.001) or who believed in the benefits of banking (OR = 1.22, 95% CI, 1.02‐1.47, P = 0.03) were significantly more likely to recommend sperm banking.ConclusionsGiven parents’ role in influencing sperm banking outcomes, provider recommendation and promotion of banking benefits may influence parents and empower initiation of these sensitive discussions with their sons. Utilization of this approach should yield beneficial outcomes regardless of the banking decision.
Influence of process parameters on thermal and mechanical properties of polylactic acid fabricated by fused filament fabrication
Authors: Vanaei Hamidreza , Shirinbayan Mohammadali , Deligant Michael , Raissi Kaddour , Fitoussi Joseph , Khelladi Sofiane , Tcharkhtchi Abbas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFused filament fabrication is considered one of the most used processes in additive manufacturing rapid prototypes out of polymeric material. Poor strength of the deposited layers is still one of the main critical problems in this process, which affects the mechanical properties of the final parts. To improve the mechanical strength, investigation into various process parameters must be considered. In this article, the influence of different process parameters has been experimentally investigated by means of physicochemical and mechanical characterizations. Special attention was given to the thermal aspect. In that respect, the in situ measurement of temperature profile during deposition indicated that several parameters affect the cooling rate of material and consequently have an influence on the final parts. It was found that the influence of increasing the extruder temperature is more significant in comparison with other process parameters.
Effect of molecular structure of curing agents on cyclic creep in highly cross‐linked epoxy polymers
Authors: Park Hyungbum , Chung Ingyun , Cho Maenghyo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRatcheting behavior of highly–cross‐linked epoxy polymers was investigated considering the effect of molecular structure of curing agents by molecular dynamics simulations. Cyclic loading–unloading simulations at two different frequencies were conducted using atomistic models for epoxies cured by aliphatic and aromatic curing agents, triethylenetetramine (TETA) and diethyltoluenediamine (DETDA), respectively. Different ratcheting strain evolutions, dihedral angle stress accumulations, and stiffness variations were observed during the cyclic deformation simulations depending on the molecular structure of curing agents. The epoxy cured by DETDA exhibited a more rapid increase of ratcheting strain and a decrease of the stiffness toward the loading direction. Structural analyses were carried out by observing the orientation order parameter of the monomers, radius of gyration, and free volume evolution to understand the ratcheting strain behaviors and stiffness variations at atomistic scale. The structural analyses revealed that irreversible dihedral angle transitions near the benzene ring of the curing agent DETDA were responsible for low ratcheting resistance and stiffness degradation during the cyclic deformations. Whereas, the aliphatic curing agent TETA, which does not exhibit any stress possession by the irreversible dihedral angle change, was revealed to be advantageous for the ratcheting resistance and stiffness variation of the epoxy polymers.
Effects of Superimposed Pressure on the Mechanical Properties of HTPB Propellant in a Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Zhang Liang , Shen Zhi‐bin , Li Hai‐yang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractConsidering the propellant of solid rocket motor with tube grain is in the state of superimposed pressure after ignition, the effect of pressures, temperatures, and tensile rates on the mechanical properties of solid propellant were investigated together. A test system with wide temperature‐ambient pressure range was developed to investigate the effects of superimposed pressure on the performance of propellant. The uniaxial constant tensile rate tests for a certain HTPB propellants under different superimposed pressures and temperatures were performed at different tensile rates. Research shows that there are no apparent dewetting points in the propellant stress‐strain curves under superimposed pressures. Moreover, the performance of propellant under superimposed pressure related to propellant itself such as composition of the propellant was evaluated by comparing to another propellant. Relevant methods and conclusions can provide a reference for structural analysis and storage life prediction of solid rocket motors.
From Molecular Reconstruction of Mesoscopic Functional Conductive Silk Fibrous Materials to Remote Respiration Monitoring
Authors: Ma Liyun , Liu Qiang , Wu Ronghui , Meng Zhaohui , Patil Aniruddha , Yu Rui , Yang Yun , Zhu Shuihong , Fan Xuwei , Hou Chen , Li Yanran , Qiu Wu , Huang Lianfen , Wang Jun , Lin Naibo , Wan Yizao , Hu Jian , Liu Xiang Yang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTurning insulating silk fibroin materials into conductive ones turns out to be the essential step toward achieving active silk flexible electronics. This work aims to acquire electrically conductive biocompatible fibers of regenerated Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) materials based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) templated nucleation reconstruction of silk fibroin networks. The electronical conductivity of the reconstructed mesoscopic functional fibers can be tuned by the density of the incorporated CNTs. It follows that the hybrid fibers experience an abrupt increase in conductivity when exceeding the percolation threshold of CNTs >35 wt%, which leads to the highest conductivity of 638.9 S m−1 among organic‐carbon‐based hybrid fibers, and 8 times higher than the best available materials of the similar types. In addition, the silk‐CNT mesoscopic hybrid materials achieve some new functionalities, i.e., humidity‐responsive conductivity, which is attributed to the coupling of the humidity inducing cyclic contraction of SFs and the conductivity of CNTs. The silk‐CNT materials, as a type of biocompatible electronic functional fibrous material for pressure and electric response humidity sensing, are further fabricated into a smart facial mask to implement respiration condition monitoring for remote diagnosis and medication.
Slower Removing Ligands of Metal Organic Frameworks Enables Higher Electrocatalytic Performance of Derived Nanomaterials
Authors: Hu Qi , Huang Xiaowan , Wang Ziyu , Li Guomin , Han Zhen , Yang Hengpan , Liao Peng , Ren XiangZhong , Zhang Qianling , Liu Jianhong , He Chuanxin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe widely used route of high‐temperature pyrolysis for transformation of Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) to functional nanomaterials leads to the fast removal of CN− ligands, and thus the formation of large metal aggregates and the loss of porous structures inside PBAs. Here, a controllable pyrolysis route at low temperature is reported for retaining the confined effect of CN− ligands to metal cations during the whole pyrolysis process, thereby preparing high‐surface‐area cubes comprising disordered bimetallic oxides (i.e., Co3O4 and Fe2O3) nanoparticles. The disordered structure of Co3O4 enables the exposure of abundant oxygen vacancies. Notably, for the first time, it is found that the in situ generated CoOOH during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can inherit the oxygen vacancies of pristine Co3O4 (i.e., before OER), and such CoOOH with abundant oxygen vacancies adsorbs two −OH in the following Co3+ to Co4+ for markedly promoting OER. However, during the similar step, the ordered Co3O4 with less oxygen vacancies only involves one −OH, resulting in the additional overpotentials for adsorbing −OH. Consequently, with high surface area and disordered Co3O4, the as‐synthesized electrocatalysts have a low potential of 237 mV at 10 mA cm−2, surpassing most of reported electrocatalysts.
Morphological, Structural, and Functional Evaluation of Rice Starch Acylated in a System Catalyzed by the B‐Lipase of Candida antarctica
Authors: Montoya Diego , Barbosa Luis Oveimar , Méndez Jonh , Murillo Walter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStarch modification by acylation induces significant changes in the mechanical and thermal properties of this polymer, widening the scope of its applicability to many different industries. In this work, the B‐lipase of Candida antarctica is used as a catalyzer for the acylation of F60 variety rice starch, using linoleic and stearic acids as acyl donors in a homogeneous reaction system. Esterification is validated by infrared spectroscopy of the 1650–1750 cm−1 band, attributes to the carbonyl group (C═O). Amylose and crystallinity analysis reveales a reduction in the amylose content and a direct correlation with the crystalline configuration of the polymer. The modification increases the solubility, water absorption, and swelling, which is attributed to the crystallinity loss. Following the modification, the granules increase in size and lose their hexagonal shape. These variations in the physicochemical, morphological, and functional properties may directly affect the production chain, enabling entrance to growing markets worldwide.
Water quality of runoff from flat panel display glass concrete during modified accelerated aging plus leaching tests
Authors: Mathews Grady F. , Clark Shirley E. , Nash Harry A. , Bylone Robert J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFlat panel display glass (FPDG) from plasma televisions is difficult to recycle due to their heavy metal composition. When crushed, flat panel display glass has similar physical properties to sand and could be used as a recycled aggregate in concrete, if the potentially harmful metals in FPDG can be encapsulated. To replicate leaching from environmental exposure, at periodic points during freeze–thaw tests, samples of concrete with 0%, 10%, and 20% FPDG were exposed to simulated rainwater and the runoff water was analyzed. For the metals detected (arsenic, barium, chromium, and lead), lead concentrations in the leachate/runoff from 20% FPDG samples exceeded the acute ambient water quality criteria after approximately 50–60 cycles; however, no samples exceeded the toxic characteristic leaching procedure limits at any point during freeze–thaw testing. Increases in lead and chromium concentrations over time indicate a need for stabilization, especially since lead exceeded the acute water quality criteria.Practitioner points

TCLP results indicate flat panel display glass is not expected to release RCRA‐8 metals at or above regulatory limits.

Accelerated aging–leaching tests indicate lead might be released at levels approaching or exceeding the acute ambient water quality criteria.

With additional lead stabilization, this study shows flat panel display glass has the potential to be used in concrete.
Mobility and Migrations in the Rural Areas of Mediterranean EU Countries
Authors: Nori Michele , Farinella Domenica 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the ambivalent nature of contemporary migrations in European rural areas. The growing presence of immigrants in these areas is a direct result of the restructuring of agriculture and global agri-food chains. Evidence indicates that while agricultural work and rural settings are decreasingly attractive to local populations, they represent a favourable environment to international newcomers, due to the higher chances to access livelihood resources. The non-visibility and informality that characterise rural settings and agricultural work arrangements provide on the one side opportunities for employment, while also fostering illegal labour practices and situations of harsh exploitation.
Finite element error estimates in non-energy norms for the two-dimensional scalar Signorini problem
Authors: Christof Constantin , Haubner Christof 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper is concerned with error estimates for the piecewise linear finite element approximation of the two-dimensional scalar Signorini problem on a convex polygonal domain $$\varOmega $$
Ω
. Using a Céa-type lemma, a supercloseness result, and a non-standard duality argument, we prove $$W^{1,p}(\varOmega )$$

W

1
,
p

(
Ω
)

-, $$L^\infty (\varOmega )$$

L
∞

(
Ω
)

-, $$W^{1,\infty }(\varOmega )$$

W

1
,
∞

(
Ω
)

-, and $$H^{1/2}(\partial \varOmega )$$

H

1
/
2

(
∂
Ω
)

-error estimates under reasonable assumptions on the regularity of the exact solution and $$L^p(\varOmega )$$

L
p

(
Ω
)

-error estimates under comparatively mild assumptions on the involved contact sets. The obtained orders of convergence turn out to be optimal for problems with essentially bounded right-hand sides. Our results are accompanied by numerical experiments which confirm the theoretical findings.
Beyond the Bakushinkii veto: regularising linear inverse problems without knowing the noise distribution
Authors: Harrach Bastian , Jahn Tim , Potthast Roland 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article deals with the solution of linear ill-posed equations in Hilbert spaces. Often, one only has a corrupted measurement of the right hand side at hand and the Bakushinskii veto tells us, that we are not able to solve the equation if we do not know the noise level. But in applications it is ad hoc unrealistic to know the error of a measurement. In practice, the error of a measurement may often be estimated through averaging of multiple measurements. We integrated that in our anlaysis and obtained convergence to the true solution, with the only assumption that the measurements are unbiased, independent and identically distributed according to an unknown distribution.
Gute Elternschaft. Zum normativen Gehalt der Indikation in der Reproduktionsmedizin
Authors: Rubeis Giovanni 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Möglichkeiten der Reproduktionsmedizin erweitern sich ständig. Bei einigen Maßnahmen assistierter Reproduktion ist es oft unklar, ob eine Indikation vorliegt oder ob diese Maßnahmen als wunscherfüllend anzusehen sind. Die Unterscheidung zwischen medizinisch indizierter Maßnahme und wunscherfüllender Behandlung hängt von dem hier verwendeten Konzept der Indikation ab. Daher kommt dem Konzept der Indikation auf dem Gebiet der Reproduktionsmedizin ein besonderer Stellenwert zu. Dabei fällt auf, dass die Abgrenzung zwischen medizinisch indizierter Behandlung und Wunschbehandlung nicht allein klinisch begründet ist, sondern implizit oder explizit normative Urteile enthält. Der sprachlich-kommunikative Aspekt spielt hierbei eine zentrale Rolle. Der übliche Sprachgebrauch von „indiziert“ suggeriert ein Urteil, das allein auf empirisch-klinischen Fakten basiert, und verdeckt die normativen Urteile, die in das Konzept der Indikation einfließen. Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, den normativen Gehalt der Indikation in der Reproduktionsmedizin zu analysieren. Grundlage ist die eingehende Betrachtung des Konzepts der Indikation und der besonderen Stellung der Indikation in der Reproduktionsmedizin. Aus dieser Betrachtung ergibt sich, dass der normative Gehalt der Indikation von einem soziokulturellen Skript bezüglich Elternschaft geprägt ist, das sich v. a. im Leistungsrecht niederschlägt. Dieses Skript enthält gesellschaftliche Anschauungen, Normen und Rollenbilder und kann als „gute Elternschaft“ bezeichnet werden. Das Skript der guten Elternschaft wirkt als Regulativ, das durch leistungsrechtliche Vorgaben über den Zugang zu reproduktionsmedizinischen Maßnahmen bestimmt. Es basiert auf traditionellen heteronormativen Ehe- und Familienkonzepten und sieht Elternschaft für heterosexuelle, verheiratete Paare vor. Somit ergibt sich der Widerspruch, dass Verfahren der Reproduktionsmedizin, die den Raum für die Fortpflanzung jenseits traditionell-heteronormativer Konzepte öffnen, von ebenjenen Konzepten legitimiert und limitiert werden.
Shipping and a “Great Transformation”—some remarks for a new sustainability paradigm
Authors: Stemmler Lars 
Published: May 2020

AbstractShipping contributed significantly to facilitating global trade over the last decades. However, there is growing concern that the global economic model, in which shipping is integrated, or rather shipping contributes to, pushes the Earth towards its sustainable physical limits. There is also concern that it leads economics to dominate a majority of human interaction. Addressing global environmental and social sustainability requires shipping to discuss its underlying economic paradigm. Both, environmental and social consequences cannot be mitigated through ever more efficiencies in shipping. On the contrary, demands for higher efficiency as the domineering element of the prevailing economic paradigm create rebound effects and provide false reassurances of “carry-on-as-usual”. Calls for increased ecological as well as social sustainability ensue. These culminate in a “great transformation” scenario in Polanyi’s interpretation, which questions humankind’s core economic values and mental models of growth and prosperity. These considerations result in a call to review the economic paradigm under which shipping also operates. Such attempt outlines four elements to effect eco-social transformations.
Caveolin-1 function at the plasma membrane and in intracellular compartments in cancer
Authors: Simón L. , Campos A. , Leyton L. , Quest A. F. G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCaveolin-1 (CAV1) is commonly considered to function as a cell surface protein, for instance in the genesis of caveolae. Nonetheless, it is also present in many intracellular organelles and compartments. The contributions of these intracellular pools to CAV1 function are generally less well understood, and this is also the case in the context of cancer. This review will summarize literature available on the role of CAV1 in cancer, highlighting particularly our understanding of the canonical (CAV1 in the plasma membrane) and non-canonical pathways (CAV1 in organelles and exosomes) linked to the dual role of the protein as a tumor suppressor and promoter of metastasis. With this in mind, we will focus on recently emerging concepts linking CAV1 function to the regulation of intracellular organelle communication within the same cell where CAV1 is expressed. However, we now know that CAV1 can be released from cells in exosomes and generate systemic effects. Thus, we will also elaborate on how CAV1 participates in intracellular communication between organelles as well as signaling between cells (non-canonical pathways) in cancer.
Promoting the underestimated: A vignette study on the importance of the need for affiliation to successful leadership
Authors: Steinmann Barbara , Kleinert Anne , Maier Günter W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractResearch on the relationship of implicit motives and effective leadership emphasises the importance of a socialised need for power, whereas high levels of the need for affiliation are assumed to thwart a leader’s success. In our study, we experimentally analysed the impact of leaders’ socialised need for power and their need for affiliation on perceptions of transformational leadership and various success indicators. Using paper-people vignettes, we contrasted leaders characterised by either motive with those concerned with personalised power or achievement. Results based onN = 80 employees show that leaders high in socialised power were rated more successful and elicited more identification and organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) in followers, and that in most cases this effect was mediated by perceptions of transformational leadership. For all outcomes but OCB, findings remained unchanged when affiliation-motivated leaders were considered. Exploratory analyses contrasting socialised power-motivated and affiliation-motivated leaders show that with regard to attitudinal outcomes affiliation-motivated leaders were, on average, as effective as socialised power-motivated ones.
From δ-aminolevulinic acid to chlorophylls and every step in between: in memory of Constantin (Tino) A. Rebeiz, 1936–2019
Authors: Govindjee Govindjee , Briskin Donald P. , Benning Christoph , Daniell Henry , Kolossov Vladimir , Scheer Hugo , Rebeiz Mark 
Published: May 2020

AbstractConstantin A. (Tino) Rebeiz, a pioneer in the field of chlorophyll biosynthesis, and a longtime member of the University of Illinois community of plant biologists, passed away on July 25, 2019. He came to the USA at a time that was difficult for members of minority groups to be in academia. However, his passion for the complexity of the biochemical origin of chlorophylls drove a career in basic sciences which extended into applied areas of environmentally friendly pesticides and treatment for skin cancer. He was a philanthropist; in retirement, he founded the Rebeiz Foundation for Basic Research which recognized excellence and lifetime achievements of selected top scientists in the general area of photosynthesis research. His life history, scientific breakthroughs, and community service hold important lessons for the field.