bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychotic symptoms in 16p11.2 copy‐number variant carriers
Authors: Jutla Amandeep , Turner J. Blake , Green Snyder LeeAnne , Chung Wendy K. , Veenstra‐VanderWeele Jeremy 
Published: November 2019

16p11.2 copy‐number variation (CNV) is implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, with the duplication and deletion associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the duplication associated with schizophrenia (SCZ). The 16p11.2 CNV may therefore provide insight into the relationship between ASD and SCZ, distinct disorders that co‐occur at an elevated rate, and are difficult to distinguish from each other and from common co‐occurring diagnoses such as obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), itself a potential risk factor for SCZ. As psychotic symptoms are core to SCZ but distinct from ASD, we sought to examine their predictors in a population (n = 546) of 16p11.2 CNV carriers and their noncarrier siblings recruited by the Simons Variation in Individuals Project. We hypothesized that psychotic symptoms would be most common in duplication carriers followed by deletion carriers and noncarriers, that an ASD diagnosis would predict psychotic symptoms among CNV carriers, and that OCD symptoms would predict psychotic symptoms among all participants. Using data collected across multiple measures, we identified 19 participants with psychotic symptoms. Logistic regression models adjusting for biological sex, age, and IQ found that 16p11.2 duplication and ASD diagnosis predicted psychotic symptom presence. Our findings suggest that the association between 16p11.2 duplication and psychotic symptoms is independent of ASD diagnosis and that ASD diagnosis and psychotic symptoms may be associated in 16p11.2 CNV carriers. Autism Res 2020, 13: 187–198. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryEither deletion or duplication at chromosome 16p11.2 raises the risk of autism spectrum disorder, and duplication, but not deletion, has been reported in schizophrenia (SCZ). In a sample of 16p11.2 deletion and duplication carriers, we found that having the duplication or having an autism diagnosis may increase the risk of psychosis, a key feature of SCZ.
Simulative Erdbebenschadensmodellierung auf Grundlage der EMS‐98 – Realitätsnähe und Prognosetauglichkeit
Authors: Maiwald Holger , Schwarz Jochen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInternational liegen verschiedene Schadensmodelle vor, um die strukturelle Schädigung des Bauwerksbestands und die daraus resultierenden Verluste infolge Erdbebeneinwirkung zu quantifizieren. Die Anwendung der verschiedenen Schadensfunktionstypen für eine realitätsnahe Ermittlung der Schäden setzt eine detaillierte Kenntnis des Bauwerksbestands und seiner Verletzbarkeit sowie der standortspezifischen Untergrundbedingungen voraus. Das am Zentrum für die Ingenieuranalyse von Erdbebenschäden der Bauhaus‐Universität Weimar im Rahmen des Deutschen Forschungsnetzes Naturkatastrophen (DFNK) entwickelte intensitätsbasierte Schadensmodell für die allgemeine Bebauung wurde an den gemeldeten Verlusten des Albstadt‐Erdbebens von 1978 validiert. Eine Betrachtung der Streubreiten und Unsicherheiten in der Verteilung der Schadensgrade Di sowie die Spiegelung an vergleichbaren Schadensmodellen stand bisher noch aus. Die Re‐Evaluation der untersuchten Modellansätze erfolgt im Beitrag an den durch unterschiedliche Standortintensitäten gekennzeichneten Erdbebenereignissen (Albstadt 1978, L'Aquila 2009) anhand der real aufgetretenen Bauwerksschäden. Im Rückblick auf die DFNK‐Studie werden die Ergebnisse für den Großstadtraum Köln nochmals mit neuen Bauwerksdaten und dem erweiterten Schadensmodell überprüft. Die im DFNK aggregiert beschriebene Bauwerksverletzbarkeit wird auf den Einzelbauwerksbestand übertragen und der Einfluss auf die Erdbebenszenarien untersucht. Die Streuung der strukturellen Schäden und der Verluste wird durch Monte‐Carlo‐Simulationen berücksichtigt. Die Veränderungen der Ergebnisse gegenüber der DFNK‐Studie werden ausgewiesen und diskutiert.
Effects of mineral oil spray additives on the distribution and dissipation kinetics of pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin in banana leaves, fruits, and soil
Authors: Long Xiaofang , Wang Niao , Song Qingmei , Wang Ye , Chen Lingzhu , Hu Deyu , Zhang Yuping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUsing LC–MS/MS, a rapid and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin residues in banana matrices (leaf and whole banana) and soil was established. The samples were extracted using acetonitrile and purified through C18 dispersive solid‐phase extraction. The average recovery of the analytes in various matrices was in the range of 77.3%–103.9% with an RSD range of 0.9%–9.5%. The initial deposition amounts of pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin at 2 h in the banana leaves of the mineral oil group were 1.43 and 1.31 times in Guangxi, and 2.10 and 1.81 times in Hainan for the water group, whereas those in the soil of the water group were 3.45 and 3.03 times in Guangxi, and 2.14 and 3.48 times in Hainan for the mineral oil group. The half‐lives in the leaves and soil of the mineral oil group were not remarkably different from those of the water group. The terminal residue of the analytes on the whole banana was <0.02 mg/kg at 14 days after application from the two sites. The results of this work may indicate and promote the safety of using pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin in banana production, especially with mineral oil spray adjuvants.
A network‐based predictive gene expression signature for recurrence risks in stage II colorectal cancer
Authors: Yang Wen‐Jing , Wang Hai‐Bo , Wang Wen‐Da , Bai Peng‐Yu , Lu Hong‐Xia , Sun Chang‐He , Liu Zi‐Shen , Guan Ding‐Kun , Yang Guo‐Wang , Zhang Gan‐Lin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe current criteria for defining the recurrence risks of stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) are not robust; therefore, we aimed to explore novel gene signatures to predict recurrence risks and to reveal the underlying mechanisms of stage II CRC. First, the gene expression profiles of 124 patients with stage II CRC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were obtained to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 202 DEGs, including 128 upregulated and 74 downregulated, were identified in the recurrence group (n = 24) compared to the nonrecurrence group (n = 100). Furthermore, the top 5 DEGs (ZNF561, WFS1, SLC2A1, MFI2, and PTGR1) were identified by random forest variable hunting, and four (ZNF561, WFS1, SLC2A1, and PTGR1) were selected to create a four‐gene recurrent model (GRM), with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.882 according to the receiver operating characteristic curve, and the robust diagnostic effectiveness of the GRM was further validated with another gene expression profiling dataset (GSE12032), with an AUC of 0.943. The diagnostic effectiveness of the GRM regarding recurrence was associated with poor disease‐free survival in all stages of CRC. In addition, gene ontology functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses revealed 18 enriched functions and 6 enriched pathways. Four genes, ABCG2, CACNA1F, CYP19A1, and TF, were identified as hub genes by the protein‐protein interaction network, which further validated that these genes were correlated with a poor pathologic stage and overall survival in all stages of CRC. In conclusion, the GRM can effectively classify stage II CRC into groups of high and low risks of recurrence, thereby making up for the prognostic value of the traditional clinicopathological risk factors defined by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. The hub genes may be useful therapeutic targets for recurrence. Thus, the GRM and hub genes could offer clinical value in directing individualized and precision therapeutic regimens for stage II CRC patients.
Lowering Interfacial Dissolved Gas Concentration for Highly Efficient Hydrazine Oxidation at Platinum by Fluorosurfactant Modulation
Authors: Zhao Xu , Ranaweera Ruchiranga , Mixdorf Jason C. , Nguyen Hien M. , Luo Long 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRegulating the dissolved‐gas concentration at the electrode‐solution interface represents a promising universal strategy to achieve high efficiency towards gas evolution reactions. Here, we present a facile method to modulate the interfacial dissolved‐gas concentration using cationic fluorinated pyridinium sulfonate (CFPS) for highly efficient hydrazine oxidation (HzOR). We found that the interfacial dissolved‐nitrogen concentration was effectively lowered by the cationic surfactant CFPS, while CFPS still ensured a sufficient exposure of the active sites during the HzOR. As a result, relative to pure Pt, the CFPS‐modulated Pt exhibited a 2.1‐fold higher current density and a lower overpotential for HzOR. This work presents a new avenue to achieve highly efficient hydrazine oxidation through regulating the interfacial gas concentration.
Macromolecular Isomerism in Giant Molecules
Authors: Shao Yu , Yang Shuguang , Zhang Wen‐Bin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMacromolecular isomerism has been an important yet largely understudied subject. Giant molecules based on molecular nanoparticles exhibit properties highly dependent on the primary structures, providing a platform for such studies. Various isomers have been designed, synthesized and characterized, including sequence‐, regio‐, and topo‐isomers. The self‐assembly of these isomers is influenced by the distinct symmetry and collective interaction of each building block in a subtle and delicate way. The results suggest that isomerism may be exploited as a new way for fine‐tuning the structures and properties of macromolecules, which should be of great interest in both fundamental research and technical innovation.
Tracking Hidden Binding Pockets Along the Molecular Recognition Path of l‐Trp to Indoleamine 2,3‐Dioxygenase 1
Authors: Greco Francesco A. , Albini Elisa , Coletti Alice , Dolciami Daniela , Carotti Andrea , Orabona Ciriana , Grohmann Ursula , Macchiarulo Antonio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIndoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of l‐Tryptophan (l‐Trp) to yield N‐formyl‐kynurenine in the first and rate limiting step of the kynurenine pathway. Bioactive metabolites, involved in the regulation of important immunological responses and neurological processes, are then produced by downstream enzymes along the pathway. Inhibitors of IDO1 are being designed and developed as therapeutic agents for immuno‐oncology. In this work, we investigated the molecular recognition path of l‐Trp to IDO1, integrating biophysical methods with supervised molecular dynamics (suMD) and mutagenesis experiments. Results allowed disclosing for the first time high and low dissociation constants of l‐Trp to IDO1, and the presence of a metastable interaction site located at the upper part of a channel whose borders are defined by the EF‐loop and the C‐terminal part of the JK‐loop. Collectively, our results provide new clues for the design of next‐generation IDO1 ligands.
The 12th AFMC International Medicinal Chemistry Symposium (AIMECS 2019) in Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Olgac Abdurrahman , Yalcin Ismail , Aki‐Yalcin Esin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAFMC‐AIMECS meetings are internationally organized biannually by the Asian Federation for Medicinal Chemistry (AFMC) and are focused on recent studies in drug discovery and development both in academia and industry. Member organizations of the AFMC are the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association, the Royal Australian Chemical Institute, the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea, the Korean Chemical Society, the Chemical Society Located in Taipei, the Indonesian Society of Medicinal Chemistry, the Medicinal Chemistry Section of the Israel Chemical Society, and the Computer‐Aided Drug Design & Development Society in Turkey. Each time, the symposium is organized within these member countries. The AIMECS 2019 symposium was held in Turkey this year, as Prof. Dr. Esin Aki‐Yalcin is the current president of the AFMC (2018–2020); the next AIMECS meeting will be organized in 2021 in Tokyo, Japan. In this report, we discuss key topics at the 12th AFMC International Medicinal Chemistry Symposium — New Avenues for Design and Development of Translational Medicine (AIMECS 2019) held in Istanbul, September 8–11, 2019.
A level‐set method for the evolution of cells and tissue during curvature‐controlled growth
Authors: Alias Mohd Almie , Buenzli Pascal R 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMost biological tissues grow by the synthesis of new material close to the tissue's interface, where spatial interactions can exert strong geometric influences on the local rate of growth. These geometric influences may be mechanistic or cell behavioural in nature. The control of geometry on tissue growth has been evidenced in many in vivo and in vitro experiments, including bone remodelling, wound healing, and tissue engineering scaffolds. In this paper, we propose a generalisation of a mathematical model that captures the mechanistic influence of curvature on the joint evolution of cell density and tissue shape during tissue growth. This generalisation allows us to simulate abrupt topological changes such as tissue fragmentation and tissue fusion, as well as three dimensional cases, through a level‐set‐based method. The level‐set method developed introduces another Eulerian field than the level‐set function. This additional field represents the surface density of tissue‐synthesising cells, anticipated at future locations of the interface. Numerical tests performed with this level‐set‐based method show that numerical conservation of cells is a good indicator of simulation accuracy, particularly when cusps develop in the tissue's interface. We apply this new model to several situations of curvature‐controlled tissue evolutions that include fragmentation and fusion.
Bioequivalence and Food Effect Assessment of 2 Fixed‐Dose Combination Formulations of Dolutegravir and Lamivudine
Authors: Dumitrescu Teodora Pene , Peddiraju Kavita , Fu Caifeng , Bakshi Kalpana , Yu Shui , Zhang Zhiping , Tenorio Allan R. , Spancake Chris , Joshi Shashidhar , Wolstenholme Allen , Adkison Kimberly 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis single‐dose study evaluated the bioequivalence, food effect, and safety of 2 experimental, 2‐drug, fixed‐dose formulations of 50 mg dolutegravir and 300 mg lamivudine (formulation AH and formulation AK) as compared with coadministration of single‐entity tablets of 50 mg dolutegravir and 300 mg lamivudine (reference). In fasted subjects, formulation AH lamivudine exposure was similar to the reference; however, dolutegravir exposure was consistently higher in formulation AH, with area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) and maximum concentration (Cmax) approximately 27% to 28% greater than reference. Formulation AK met bioequivalence standards to the reference for dolutegravir (AUC0‐∞ and Cmax) and lamivudine (AUC0‐∞ and AUC0‐t) exposure; however, dolutegravir AUC0‐t and lamivudine Cmax were approximately 16% and 32% higher than the reference, respectively. A high‐fat meal increased dolutegravir AUC and Cmax by up to 33% and 21%, respectively, and decreased lamivudine Cmax by approximately 30%. Both test and reference formulations were well tolerated. The results support further development of formulation AK as a novel, 2‐drug, fixed‐dose combination tablet treatment for patients with HIV.
Administration study of recombinant human relaxin‐2 in horse for doping control purpose
Authors: Kwok Wai Him , Choi Timmy L.S. , Leung Gary N.W. , Wong April S.Y. , Yue Samuel K. , Wan Terence S.M. , Ho Emmie N.M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe insulin‐like peptide relaxin (RLX), an endogenous peptide hormone produced in human for pregnancy and reproduction, is also known to exert a range of physiological and pathological effects. Its use is banned in human sports, horseracing, and equestrian competitions due to its potential performance enhancing effect through vasodilation resulting in the increase of blood and oxygen supplies to muscles. Little is known about the biotransformation and elimination of RLX in horses. This paper describes an administration study of rhRLX‐2 and its elimination in horses, and the development of sensitive methods for the detection and confirmation of rhRLX‐2 in both horse plasma and urine by nano‐liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (nano‐LC/HRMS) after immunoaffinity extraction with the objective of controlling the abuse of rhRLX‐2 in horses. The limits of detection in plasma and urine are 2 pg/mL and 5 pg/mL, respectively. Two thoroughbred geldings were each administered one dose of 10 mg rhRLX‐2 subcutaneously daily for 3 consecutive days. The rhRLX‐2 could be detected and confirmed in the plasma and urine samples collected 105 h and 80 h, respectively, after the last dose of administration. For doping control purposes, rhRLX‐2 ELISA could be used as a screening test to identify potential positive samples for further investigation using the nano‐LC/HRMS methods.
At what spatial scales are alternative stable states relevant in highly interconnected ecosystems?
Authors: Karatayev Vadim A. , Baskett Marissa L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhether ecosystems recover from disturbance depends on the presence of alternative stable states, which are theoretically possible in simple models of many systems. However, definitive empirical evidence for this phenomenon remains limited to demographically closed ecosystems such as lakes. In more interconnected systems such as temperate rocky reefs, the local relevance of alternative stable states might erode as immigration overwhelms local feedbacks and produces a single stable state. At larger spatial scales, dispersal might counter localized disturbance and feedbacks to synchronize states throughout a region. Here, we quantify how interconnectedness affects the relevance of alternative stable states using dynamical models of California rocky reef communities that incorporate observed environmental stochasticity and feedback loops in kelp–urchin–predator interactions. Our models demonstrate the potential for localized alternative states despite high interconnectedness likely due to feedbacks affecting dispersers as they settle into local communities. Regionally, such feedbacks affecting settlement can produce a mosaic of alternative stable states that span local (10–20 km) scales despite the synchronizing effect of long‐distance dispersal. The specific spatial scale and duration of each state predominantly depend on the scales of environmental variation and on local dynamics (here, fishing). Model predictions reflect observed scales of community states in California rocky reefs and suggest how alternative states co‐occur in the wide array of marine and terrestrial systems with settlement feedbacks.
Toxicity in Neonicotinoids to Folsomia candida and Eisenia andrei
Authors: de Lima e Silva Cláudia , de Rooij Winona , Verweij Rudo A. , van Gestel Cornelis A.M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We compared the toxicity of the neonicotinoids imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, and clothianidin in terms of the survival and reproduction of 2 species of soil invertebrates, Folsomia candida and Eisenia andrei. Tests were performed using LUFA 2.2 natural soil, following standard protocols aimed at answering 2 questions: 1) Is there a difference in the toxicity between pure compound and its formulation? and 2) Is there a difference in the sensitivity of the species exposed to the same compound? For E. andrei, formulations and pure compounds had similar toxicity to both endpoints tested. For F. candida, acetamiprid and imidacloprid had different toxicities, with acetamiprid being 4 times more toxic to survival (median lethal concentration [LC50] 0.12 mg active substance [a.s.]/kg dry soil) and imidacloprid being 4 times more toxic to reproduction of the springtail (median effect concentration [EC50] 0.25 mg a.s./kg dry soil) than their commercial formulations. The most toxic compound to E. andrei was acetamiprid (LC50 0.80 and EC50 0.35–0.40 mg a.s./kg), and the most toxic to F. candida was clothianidin (LC50 0.07 and EC50 0.05 mg a.s./kg). Estimated risk ratios indicated that only one application/yr of clothianidin in the formulation Poncho® may pose a threat to the populations of springtails and earthworms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:548–555. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Effect of Lactobacillus gasseri PA3 on gut microbiota in an in vitro colonic simulation
Authors: Xiang Shasha , Fu Jian , Ye Kun , Zheng Yiqing , Zhu Xuan , Chen Jie , Chen Yuewen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt has been reported that Lactobacillus gasseri PA3 has an ability to absorb exogenous purines in the intestine to reduce a risk of gout and hyperuricemia. However, influences of this strain on gut microbiota and their metabolisms remain unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of L. gasseri PA3 on microbiota composition and metabolisms. L. gasseri PA3 was isolated from yogurt and supplemented into a single‐stage colonic fermentation in a culture volume of 30 ml and subjected to in vitro colonic simulation for 8 days. Microbiota composition was determined with 16S rRNA (V3 + V4) sequencing, and their metabolisms were predicted by PICRUSt. Short‐chain fatty acids were measured by GC‐MS. We found that L. gasseri PA3 reduced the diversity of microbiota, increased the relative abundances of Lactobacillus (73.5%) and Escherichia (36.5%), and decreased Bacterioides and Phascolarctobacterium. Total amount of short‐chain fatty acids was found to decline. Fundamental metabolisms, especially nucleotide, was significantly higher after intervention with L. gasseri PA3, but the purine metabolism was lower, which means that PA3 might reduce uric acid concentrations by weakening purine metabolism. Our results indicated that L. gasseri PA3 can survive and play a role in the ascending colon environment. Therefore, the evaluation of the effect of L. gasseri PA3 on intestinal microbes and their metabolisms has great guiding significance for the development of treatment to prevent gout.
Informed options trading on the implied volatility surface: A cross‐sectional approach
Authors: Kim Baeho , Kim Da‐Hea , Park Haehean 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the cross‐sectional implication of informed options trading across different strikes and maturities. We explore the term structure perspective of the one‐way information transmission from options markets to stock markets by adopting well‐known option‐implied volatility measures to examine stock return predictability. Using equity options data for U.S. listed stocks spanning 2000–2013, we find that the shape of the long‐term implied volatility curve exhibits extra predictive power for stock returns of subsequent months even after orthogonalizing the short‐term components. Our findings indicate that the inter‐market information asymmetry rapidly disappears before the expiration of long‐term option contracts.