bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engagement intervention versus treatment as usual for young adults with serious mental illness: a randomized pilot trial
Authors: Munson Michelle R. , Jaccard James J. , Scott Lionel D. , Narendorf Sarah C. , Moore Kiara L. , Jenefsky Nadia , Cole Andrea , Davis Maryann , Gilmer Todd , Shimizu Rei , Pleines Kristin , Cooper Kamilyah , Rodwin Aaron H. , Hylek Lindsay , Amaro Angel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundYoung adults have elevated rates of mental health disorders, yet they often do not receive consistent care. The challenge of continuing to engage young adults has been pervasive worldwide. Few engagement interventions have been designed for young adults with serious mental illness.Just Do Youis a theoretically guided engagement intervention. It uses innovative modalities (i.e., technology, expressive arts activities, narrative expression, mentoring) to engage participants in conversations about services and how they work, while simultaneously orienting them to treatment.Methods/designThis pilot and feasibility study utilizes a hybrid research design, examining feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary impact, alongside implementation. The study combines qualitative methods, a small pilot randomized trial, and a small cost-benefit analysis. Respondents are clinic staff and young adults who have made initial contact with the Personalized Recovery Oriented Services (PROS) program. Quantitative survey data are collected at baseline, 2 weeks (post-intervention), 1 month, and 3 months. The assessments focus on measuring feasibility, acceptability, engagement, and mental health outcomes. Medical record extraction will be used to triangulate self-report data. We will conduct single degree of freedom contrasts to examine whetherJust Do Youleads to improved outcomes relative to Treatment-As-Usual using robust regression for each outcome measure. We will examine whether changes in the proposed mediating variables occur across groups using a similar contrast strategy. In addition, we will use structural equation modeling to examine the contribution of mediators to ultimate outcomes. Finally, we will use constant comparison coding techniques for qualitative analyses.DiscussionThe aim of this study is to examine the feasibility of a young adult engagement meta-intervention through an intensive preliminary pilot trial, learning through collaboration with stakeholders.Just Do Youhas the potential to fill a gap in the service system for young adults with serious mental illnesses, improving the seemingly intractable problem of disengagement. The program uses culturally responsive strategies, is recovery-oriented, and builds upon the best evidence to date. Our efforts align with local and national health care reform efforts embedding people with lived experience.Trial registrationThis trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier:NCT03423212) on April 18, 2018, as Protocol Record R34 MH111861-01, New York University, as theJust Do YouProgram for Young Adults with Serious Mental Illness
Public awareness, knowledge, and attitude toward Alzheimer’s disease in Aseer region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhazzani Adel Ali , Alqahtani Ali Mohammed , Alqahtani Mohammed Saeed , Alahmari Tariq Mohammed , Zarbah Abdulmajeed Abdullah 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major public health problem and represents commonest form of dementia that affects many aspects of brain functions and contributes to 60–70% of dementia cases. No study has been conducted in Saudi Arabia to measure the prevalence of AD. However, approximately there are at least 50,000 patients in Saudi Arabia based on an expert’s estimation.Public knowledge and awareness about Alzheimer’s disease are crucial for early diagnosis and management.ObjectiveTo investigate the public’s knowledge and attitudes toward Alzheimer’s disease in Aseer region.Subject and methodsCross-sectional study has employed an electronic online, semi-structured, and self-administered questionnaire, randomly distributed among participants. The questions included sociodemographics, attitudes, and knowledge panels toward Alzheimer’s disease based on Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS).ResultsThe study included 1374 participants with a mean age 33 ± 11 years (ages18–70). The majority of the participants (77%) had no family history with Alzheimer’s disease. Less than 50% of the questions were answered correctly and the mean knowledge score was 10.77 ± 5.11. The results revealed that young-aged participants, females, and those having a family history of the disease, have significantly (P< 0.05) better AD-related knowledge.ConclusionThe study revealed an inadequate AD-related knowledge as indicated by the low mean knowledge score. However, participants have demonstrated a positive attitude toward AD patients. More educational programs are required to enhance their awareness and knowledge about AD.
Fragmented QRS complex frequency and location as predictor of cardiogenic shock and mortality following acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Younis Ahmad Salah , El-Halag Moataz Ibrahim , ElBadry Mahmoud Ali , Abbas Nora Ismail Mohamed 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Worldwide, coronary heart disease (CHD) is topping the foremost important chief causes of mortality. Fragmented QRS (f-QRS) is a pattern of QRS complex in 12 leads surface ECG which showed a promising value in predicting the outcome in cardiac diseases including ischemic heart disease.
We aimed to research the importance of using f-QRS as a non-invasive and cheap tool for the prediction of cardiogenic shock and mortality in acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods
A retrospective study includes eighty four critically ill ACS patients. Patients were classified consistent with the presence or absence of fragmented QRS into two groups (46 and 38 patients respectively). Exclusion criteria include past history of important ischemic events (MI, PCI, and CABG), permanent AF, and/or cardiomyopathy.
No statistical significant differences were detected between the 2 groups as regards the age, gender, major risk factors of ischemic heart condition, cardiac bio-markers, Killip class, LVEF, updated GRACE risk score of ACS, and in-hospital mortality.

Results
A number value of f-QRS leads > 3 yields sensitivity and specificity (83.3% and 72.5% respectively) for predicting hospital mortality. The f-QRS group was further split-up according to the numbers of f-QRS leads into 2 subgroups; subgroup (A1) including patients with > 3 f-QRS leads and subgroup (A2) including patients ≤ 3 f-QRS leads. Subgroup (A2) showed considerable difference as regards some important variables including a higher SBP (P = 0.016), a slower HR (P = 0.014), a lower up-dated GRACE risk score (3.22 ± 6.95 vs 6.81 ± 12, P value 0.048), and a lower rate of hospital death (1/30 vs. 5/16, P = 0.015). Anterior f-QRS showed statistically significant higher HR, lower SBP, a higher frequency of shock, a higher updated GRACE risk score, and a higher chance of in-hospital mortality (P = 0.004) compared to non-anterior f-QRS.

Conclusion
The position and number of f-QRS leads provide a non-invasive and a readily accessible tool to predict the prognosis, occurrence of cardiogenic shock, and in-hospital mortality.
An introduction to clinical ethics in psychiatry
Authors: Adshead Gwen , Cave Jeremy 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYThe Royal College of Psychiatrists’ continuing professional development (CPD) module on clinical ethics in psychiatry by Pearce & Tan describes some common ethical dilemmas in psychiatric practice and the work of clinical ethics committees in analysing these dilemmas. In this article we build upon their work and offer additional exploration of the nature of ethical dilemmas in psychiatry. We also build upon the models of reasoning that are described in the module and suggest ways for psychiatrists to think about ethical dilemmas when a clinical ethics committee is not available.
Anti-CD30 CAR-T Cell Therapy in Relapsed and Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Ramos Carlos A. , Grover Natalie S. , Beaven Anne W. , Lulla Premal D. , Wu Meng-Fen , Ivanova Anastasia , Wang Tao , Shea Thomas C. , Rooney Cliona M. , Dittus Christopher , Park Steven I. , Gee Adrian P. , Eldridge Paul W. , McKay Kathryn L. , Mehta Birju , Cheng Catherine J. , Buchanan Faith B. , Grilley Bambi J. , Morrison Kaitlin , Brenner Malcolm K. , Serody Jonathan S. , Dotti Gianpietro , Heslop Helen E. , Savoldo Barbara 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy of B-cell malignancies has proved to be effective. We show how the same approach of CAR T cells specific for CD30 (CD30.CAR-Ts) can be used to treat Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). METHODS We conducted 2 parallel phase I/II studies (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT02690545 and NCT02917083 ) at 2 independent centers involving patients with relapsed or refractory HL and administered CD30.CAR-Ts after lymphodepletion with either bendamustine alone, bendamustine and fludarabine, or cyclophosphamide and fludarabine. The primary end point was safety. RESULTS Forty-one patients received CD30.CAR-Ts. Treated patients had a median of 7 prior lines of therapy (range, 2-23), including brentuximab vedotin, checkpoint inhibitors, and autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The most common toxicities were grade 3 or higher hematologic adverse events. Cytokine release syndrome was observed in 10 patients, all of which were grade 1. No neurologic toxicity was observed. The overall response rate in the 32 patients with active disease who received fludarabine-based lymphodepletion was 72%, including 19 patients (59%) with complete response. With a median follow-up of 533 days, the 1-year progression-free survival and overall survival for all evaluable patients were 36% (95% CI, 21% to 51%) and 94% (95% CI, 79% to 99%), respectively. CAR-T cell expansion in vivo was cell dose dependent. CONCLUSION Heavily pretreated patients with relapsed or refractory HL who received fludarabine-based lymphodepletion followed by CD30.CAR-Ts had a high rate of durable responses with an excellent safety profile, highlighting the feasibility of extending CAR-T cell therapies beyond canonical B-cell malignancies.
Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases in various Ethnicities of Pakistan
Authors: Ashraf Tariq , Nadeem Asif , Sarwar Shakil , Karim Musa 
Published: July 2020

Objective: To estimate the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) in various ethnicities of Pakistan using Astronaut Cardiovascular Health and Risk Modification (Astro-CHARM) risk calculator and the Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE).
Methods: Individuals of both gender between 40 to 65 years of age without pre-existing coronary artery disease from residents of Karachi were recruited through snowball sampling technique. Study was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan during January to June 2019. Ethnicity of the participants was categorized based on their mother tongue. Ten-year risk of ASCVD event was estimated using Astro-CHARM Calculator and PCE.
Results: Mean age of a total of 386 individuals was 49(±7.1) years and 45.3% (175) were females. Urdu-speaking individuals were 33.4%(129) of the sample, while, 18.4%(71) Pushtoons, 14%(54) Sindhi, 13%(50) Punjabi, 2.6%(10) Balochi, and remaining 18.7%(72) were of other ethnicities. High risk (≥7.5%) individuals were 20.7% (80/386) as per PCE and 11.1% (43/386) as per Astro-CHARM. As per Astro-CHARM, Sindhis’ had the least risk of ten-years ASCVD event among all the ethnicities, while, Urdu-speakings’ had the highest risk with mean rank of 145.18 vs. 216.50, p-value=0.001.
Conclusion: A significant 10-years risk of first ASCVD event was observed in our population. ASCVD risk is alarmingly high in some ethnicities, such as Urdu-speaking, owing to the increased prevalence of traditional modifiable risk factors, such as diabetes and smoking.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2618
How to cite this:Ashraf T, Nadeem A, Sarwar S, Karim M. Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases in various Ethnicities of Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):1158-1164. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2618
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Some useful tips to detect Gift Authorship
Authors: Jawaid Shaukat Ali , Jawaid Masood 
Published: July 2020

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.3154
How to cite this:Jawaid SA, Jawaid M. Some useful tips to detect Gift Authorship. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):1145-1146. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.3154
An ontology-based modelling system (OBMS) for representing behaviour change theories applied to 76 theories
Authors: Hale Joanna , Hastings Janna , West Robert , Lefevre Carmen E. , Direito Artur , Bohlen Lauren Connell , Godinho Cristina , Anderson Niall , Zink Silje , Groarke Hilary , Michie Susan 
Published: July 2020

Background: To efficiently search, compare, test and integrate behaviour change theories, they need to be specified in a way that is clear, consistent and computable. An ontology-based modelling system (OBMS) has previously been shown to be able to represent five commonly used theories in this way. We aimed to assess whether the OBMS could be applied more widely and to create a database of behaviour change theories, their constructs and propositions. Methods: We labelled the constructs within 71 theories and used the OBMS to represent the relationships between the constructs. Diagrams of each theory were sent to authors or experts for feedback and amendment. The 71 finalised diagrams plus the five previously generated diagrams were used to create a searchable database of 76 theories in the form of construct-relationship-construct triples. We conducted a set of illustrative analyses to characterise theories in the database. Results: All 71 theories could be satisfactorily represented using this system. In total, 35 (49%) were finalised with no or very minor amendment. The remaining 36 (51%) were finalised after changes to the constructs (seven theories), relationships between constructs (15 theories) or both (14 theories) following author/expert feedback. The mean number of constructs per theory was 20 (min. = 6, max. = 72), with the mean number of triples per theory 31 (min. = 7, max. = 89). Fourteen distinct relationship types were used, of which the most commonly used was ‘influences’, followed by ‘part of’. Conclusions: The OBMS can represent a wide array of behavioural theories in a precise, computable format. This system should provide a basis for better integration and synthesis of theories than has hitherto been possible.
Impaction technique influences implant stability in low-density bone model
Authors: Doyle Ruben , van Arkel Richard J. , Muirhead-Allwood Sarah , Jeffers Jonathan R. T. 
Published: July 2020

AimsCementless acetabular components rely on press-fit fixation for initial stability. In certain cases, initial stability is more difficult to obtain (such as during revision). No current study evaluates how a surgeon’s impaction technique (mallet mass, mallet velocity, and number of strikes) may affect component fixation. This study seeks to answer the following research questions: 1) how does impaction technique affect a) bone strain generation and deterioration (and hence implant stability) and b) seating in different density bones?; and 2) can an impaction technique be recommended to minimize risk of implant loosening while ensuring seating of the acetabular component?MethodsA custom drop tower was used to simulate surgical strikes seating acetabular components into synthetic bone. Strike velocity and drop mass were varied. Synthetic bone strain was measured using strain gauges and stability was assessed via push-out tests. Polar gap was measured using optical trackers.ResultsA phenomenon of strain deterioration was identified if an excessive number of strikes was used to seat a component. This effect was most pronounced in low-density bone at high strike velocities. Polar gap was reduced with increasing strike mass and velocity.ConclusionA high mallet mass with low strike velocity resulted in satisfactory implant stability and polar gap, while minimizing the risk of losing stability due to over-striking. Extreme caution not to over-strike must be exercised when using high velocity strikes in low-density bone for any mallet mass. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(7):386–393.
From core to higher surgical training: influence of surgical education contracts and induction boost
Authors: Robinson DBT , Hopkins L , Brown C , Bowman C , Abdelrahman T , Iorwerth A , Hemington-Gorse S , Pollitt MJ , Egan RJ , Lewis WG 
Published: July 2020

The primary focus of core surgical training is for trainees to attain a higher surgical training number. The aim of this study is to determine the factors associated with success at UK national training number (NTN) selection. Can a scoring system better national selection and contribute to career progression?
Broadband 2.7  µm mid-infrared emissions in Er3+-doped PbO–PbF2–Bi2O3–Ga2O3 glasses
Authors: Yu Jin , Zhang Meng , Lu Xiaosong , Du Yanqiu , Brambilla Gilberto , Jia Shijie , Wang Shunbin , Wang Pengfei 
Published: July 2020

Broadband emission at 2.7 µm is observed in an

E
r

3
+

-doped

P
b
O

−

P
b
F

2

−

B
i

2

O

3

−

G
a

2

O

3

glass. The measured emission band full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) is

∼

184.4

n
m

, approximately 36 nm wider than that of fluoride glasses. The 2.7 µm emission intensity is almost twice as strong as that of fluoride glasses. The peak values of emission and absorption cross-sections are calculated to be

1.54

×

10

−
20

c
m

2

and

1.19

×

10

−
20

c
m

2

, respectively. This oxyfluoride heavy metal glass shows potential as broadband mid-infrared emission gain material.
SI-traceable molecular transition frequency measurements at the 10−12 relative uncertainty level
Authors: Reed Z. D. , Long D. A. , Fleurbaey H. , Hodges J. T. 
Published: July 2020

Accurate and spectroscopic measurements of molecular transition
frequencies are increasingly being employed in a variety of rigorous
tests of physics, including the validity of quantum electrodynamics,
the proton–electron mass ratio, and the dipole moment of the electron.
Near-infrared molecular transitions may also underpin secondary
frequency standards for length metrology and provide convenient
wavelength standards for telecommunication and spectroscopy. To report
progress in this field, we describe measurements of near-infrared
Doppler-broadened carbon dioxide line positions. Our experiment uses
cavity ring-down spectroscopy in the linear domain and provides an
accurate International System of Units (SI)-traceable frequency axis
via active locking of the probe laser and ring-down cavity to a
Cs-clock-referenced optical frequency comb. The approach has several
key attributes: the ability to rapidly scan the probe laser while
maintaining a phase lock to the optical frequency comb, continuously
tunable spectrum frequency axes that are not limited by the cavity
mode spacing, and high signal-to-noise-ratio spectra resulting in
stationary statistics amenable to long-term averaging. This
performance is achieved by phase locking a single-mode probe laser to
the optical frequency comb, coherent electro-optical phase modulation
for rapid cavity mode-to-mode shifting of the probe laser, and
sub-kilohertz-level frequency stabilization of the ring-down cavity
relative to the probe laser. We report vacuum transition frequencies
of five transitions in the

(

30012

)
←
(

00001

)

vibrational band of

12

C

16

O

2

near 1.57 µm and achieve combined
standard uncertainties as low as 212 Hz, corresponding to a relative
combined standard uncertainty near

10

−
12

.
Home Infliximab Infusions Are Associated With Suboptimal Outcomes Without Cost Savings in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Giese-Kim Nozomi , Wu May , Dehghan Melody , Sceats Lindsay A. , Park K.T. 
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Biologic agents including infliximab are effective but costly therapies in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Home infliximab infusions are increasingly payer-mandated to minimize infusion-related costs. This study aimed to compare biologic medication use, health outcomes, and overall cost of care for adult and pediatric patients with IBD receiving home vs office- vs hospital-based infliximab infusions.

METHODS:
Longitudinal patient data were obtained from the Optum Clinformatics Data Mart. The analysis considered all patients with IBD who received infliximab from 2003 to 2016. Primary outcomes included nonadherence (≥2 infliximab infusions over 10 weeks apart in 1 year) and discontinuation of infliximab. Secondary outcomes included outpatient corticosteroid use, follow-up visits, emergency room visits, hospitalizations, surgeries, and cost outcomes (out-of-pocket costs and annual overall cost of care).

RESULTS:
There were 27,396 patients with IBD (1,839 pediatric patients). Overall, 5.7% of patients used home infliximab infusions. These patients were more likely to be nonadherent compared with both office-based (22.2% vs 19.8%; P = .044) and hospital-based infusions (22.2% vs 21.2%; P < .001). They were also more likely to discontinue infliximab compared with office-based (44.7% vs 33.7%; P < .001) or hospital-based (44.7% vs 33.4%; P < .001) infusions. On Kaplan-Meier analysis, the probabilities of remaining on infliximab by day 200 of therapy were 64.4%, 74.2%, and 79.3% for home-, hospital-, and office-based infusions, respectively (P < .001). Home infliximab patients had the highest corticosteroid use (cumulative corticosteroid days after IBD diagnosis: home based, 238.2; office based, 189.7; and hospital based, 208.5; P < .001) and the fewest follow-up visits. Home infusions did not decrease overall annual care costs compared with office infusions ($49,149 vs $43,466, P < .001).

DISCUSSION:
In this analysis, home infliximab infusions for patients with IBD were associated with suboptimal outcomes including higher rates of nonadherence and discontinuation of infliximab. Home infusions did not result in significant cost savings compared with office infusions.