bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of magnetized ethanol-gasoline blends on vibration and sound emissions of a single cylinder SI engine
Authors: Faraji Hosna , Heidarbeigi Kobra , Samadi Sadegh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of magnetized ethanol-gasoline fuel blends on the vibration and sound status of a single-cylinder gasoline engine. Totally 36 tests were conducted including two factors: ethanol (with share of 0, 5, 10 and 20% blended with gasoline) and magnetic field intensity (0, 5300 and 7000 G) at three replications as factorial experiment based on completely randomized design. The sound signals of the engine at 10 cm distance from the driver's ear were recorded and its vibration was measured in Z direction. The results of statistical analysis of engine vibration and sound data showed a significant difference at 1% probability level between various fuel blends in all studied magnetic levels. The maximum sound pressure level with averages of 88.41 was belonged to pure gasoline and magnetic intensity of 7000 G and minimum value (78.94 dB) was belonged to 10% ethanol-gasoline blend and magnetic intensity of 5300 G. The driver can operate the engine for both 10–20% ethanol shares with all studied magnetic intensities without use of any ear protector. In the presence of magnetic field, vibration decreased by increasing ethanol up to 10%. The maximum amount of vibration in frequency domain obtained without using magnetic field. For 5300 G magnetic intensity, the least amount of vibration was observed at all frequencies.
Comparative Study of Trajectory Tracking Control for Automated Ground Vehicles via Model Predictive Control and Robust H-infinity State Feedback Control
Authors: Yang Kai , TANG Xiaolin , Qin Yechen , Huang Yanjun , Wang Hong , Pu Huayan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A comparative study of longitudinal and lateral control maneuverer in model predictive control (MPC) schemes and robust state feedback control (RSC) method for trajectory tracking of automated ground vehicles (AGVs) is presented in this paper. Both MPC-based and RSC-based tracking controller are designed on the same basis of longitudinal-lateral-yaw motions of a single-track vehicle model. The main objective is to compare the controllers’ performance of tracking accuracy of path and velocity under different test scenarios. The simulation is implemented on Carsim-Simulink joint platform using high-fidelity vehicle model and the mass uncertainties, sensor measurement noise and the performance in extreme driving conditions: turn with big curvature are considered. The simulation results indicate that mass uncertainty and sensor measurement noise of lateral velocity have little effect on the RSC-based controller, while that have relatively great influence on MPC-based one. However, MPC-based controller shows a shorter response time and more accurate tracking performance than RSC-based scheme. Finally, for the test of turn with curvature 0.02 , the maximum velocity that RSC-based controller can carry out has reached 22m/s, which is slightly better than MPC-based one: 21m/s.
Role of Macrophage-Mediated Toll-like receptor 4–Interleukin-1R Signaling in Ectopic Tongue Pain Associated With Tooth Pulp Inflammation
Authors: Kanno Kohei , Shimizu Kohei , Shinoda Masamichi , Hayashi Makoto , Takeichi Osamu , Iwata Koichi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Ectopic orofacial pain is frequently caused by tooth pulp inflammation. However, the detailed mechanism underlying such pain remains poorly understood.Methods To better understand this phenomenon, ectopic pain mechanism was studied in a rat model of mandibular first molar tooth pulp exposure (M1-TPE).Results One day after M1-TPE, obvious pulpal inflammation was observed in M1 pulp. The head withdrawal threshold to mechanical and heat stimulation of the tongue was significantly reduced in M1-TPE rats on day 1 after TPE. In addition, the production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in activated macrophages and expression levels of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and IL-1 type I receptor (IL-1RΙ) were significantly increased in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons innervating the tongue following M1-TPE. Injection of the selective macrophage depletion compound liposomal clodronate Clophosome-A into the TG significantly suppressed tongue hypersensitivity; however, expression levels of TLR4 and IL-1RΙ in TG neurons innervating the tongue were not significantly altered. Injection of lipopolysaccharide from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, a TLR4 antagonist, into the TG following TPE significantly suppressed tongue hypersensitivity and reduced IL-1RΙ expression in TG neurons innervating the tongue. Moreover, an intra-TG injection of recombinant heat shock protein 70, a selective TLR4 agonist, significantly promoted the development of tongue-hypersensitivity and increased the production of IL-1RI in TG neurons innervating the tongue in naive rats. Furthermore, an intra-TG injection of recombinant IL-1β led to the development of tongue hypersensitivity in naive rats and enhanced the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in the TG neurons innervating the tongue.Conclusions The present findings suggest that the neuron-macrophage interaction mediated by TLR4 and IL-1RI activation in TG neurons affects the pathogenesis of abnormal tongue pain following tooth pulp inflammation via TLR4-ILR and TRPV1 signaling in the TG.
How Nursing Students’ Placement Preferences and Perceptions of Community Care Develop in a More ‘Community-Oriented’ Curriculum: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Iersel Margriet van , Latour Corine H.M. , Rijn Marjon van , de Vos Rien , Kirschner Paul A. , Reimer Wilma Scholte op 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Extramuralisation in healthcare has influenced medical and nursing curricula internationally with the incorporation of themes related to primary/ community care. Despite this, students do not easily change their career preferences. The hospital is still favourite, leading to labour market shortages in extramural care. This study investigates how baccalaureate nursing students’ perceptions of community care and placement preferences develop over time in a more'community-care-oriented' curriculum, to gain insights on which curriculum elements potentially influence career choices.Methods: A nursing student cohort of a University of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands (n = 273) underwent a new four-year curriculum containing extended elements of community care. The primary outcome was assessed with the Scale on Community Care Perceptions (SCOPE). Data were collected each year of study. Descriptive statistics were used to investigate students’ placement preferences and perceptions, and linear mixed model techniques (LMMs) for measuring how students’ perceptions develop over time. Patterns of placement preferences at individual level were visualised. Results: Students’ perceptions of community care, as measured with SCOPE, show a slight decrease between year 1 and 4, while items mutually differ substantially. In contrast, the preference of community care for a placement increases from 2.6% in year 1 tot 8.2% in year 4. The hospital is favourite in year 1 (79.8%), and remains most popular. At individual level, students often change placement preferences, although a preference for the hospital is more consistent. The LMMs indicates that, at the four time-points, the estimated marginal means of students’ perceptions fluctuate between 6 and 7 (range 1-10). A placement in community care did not positively influence students’ perceptions, and an intensive one week theoretical programme was only temporarily influential. Conclusions: Although interest for placement in community care increased substantially, it was not clear which curriculum elements stimulated this, nor did the curriculum positively influence students’ perceptions. As most students do not look forward to the high responsibility of the field, other curricula with educational tracks for more mature students/ nurses with a vocational training may be an alternative contribution to solving the labour market problems in community care.
Knowledge, Attitudes on Fall and Awareness of Hospitalized Patient’s Fall Risk Factors Among the Nurses Working in Tertiary Care Hospitals.
Authors: James Kavin Mozhi , Ravikumar Divya , Myneni Sindhura , Sivagnanam Poonguzhali , Chellapandian Poongodi , Manickaraj Rejili Grace Joy , Sargunan Yuvasree , Kamineni Sai Ravi Teja , Surapaneni Krishna Mohan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Back ground: Fall is the most common patient safety incident in health care organization. This study was initiated to obtain information regarding knowledge & attitude on fall and awareness of fall risk factors among nurses to device evidence based and multidisciplinary educational and training programme to improve patient safety and thereby reducing morbidity and mortality associated with fall. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional survey study was conducted among 339 registered nurses working in Tertiary care hospitals across Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Modified version of previously validated standard questionnaire was administered by the investigators through online survey method to explore the level of knowledge &attitude on fall and awareness of inpatient fall risk factors among Nurses. Results: In this study, 15.6% of participants had adequate knowledge on fall, 57.2% had favorable attitude towards fall and 38.3% adequate awareness on fall risk factors. Years of experience in nursing has statistical significant association with level of knowledge on fall. The participant’s attitude towards fall had statistical significant relationship with age, education, experience in nursing and previous patient fall experience. The correlation between fall knowledge, attitude of fall and awareness of fall risk factors were highly significant. Majority of the participants expressed their favorable attitude towards need for fall preventive education. Conclusion: In our study, it is evident that there is a void which has to be filled to improve the knowledge, attitude and awareness on fall and its risk factors .There is a need for extensive education and holistic, multifactorial and interdisciplinary training program to be undertaken through various health care organizations.
High CD38 expression in tumor-infiltrating immune cells is a favorite prognosis factor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with perigastric lymph node metastasis
Authors: Shi Feng , Xiao Shuo , Zhao Yanjie , Li Yuchen , Gao Ying , Chang Hong , Song Qingkun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

The present study aimed to investigate the prognostic effect of CD38 in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study by consecutively recruiting 142 patients with ESCC. The clinicopathological features and expression of CD38, CD4, CD8, Ki-67, PD-L1 and PD-1 in tumor and immune cells were independently evaluated by two pathologists.
Results

CD38 was expressed in immune cells but not tumor cells and the median expression rate of CD38 in immune cells was 60%. Among ESCC patients with perigastric lymph node metastasis, the expression rate of CD38 was not associated with the disease-free survival (p = 0.207), but had a significant association with the overall survival (p = 0.042). The median overall survival was 13 months and not observed among patients with low and high expression rate of CD38, respectively. The crude and adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of high CD38 expression was 0.37 (95%CI 0.14, 0.95) and 0.21 (95%CI 0.06, 0.70). The expression rate of CD38 had a negative correlation with PD-L1 expressed in tumor cells and CD4 expressed in immune cells. Among patients without perigastric lymph node metastasis, the expression rate of CD38 showed a significant association with the disease-free survival (p < 0.05). The median disease-free survival was 45 months and not achieved for patients with high and low expression of CD38; the adjusted HR of high CD38 expression was 2.13 (95%CI 0.85, 5.33). CD38 did not have significant association with the overall survival for patients without perigastric lymph node metastasis. The expression rate of CD38 had a negative correlation with PD-L1 expressed in tumor cells and a positive correlation with PD-L1 expressed in immune cells.
Conclusion

The high expression rate of CD38 was associated with a better survival for ESCC with perigastric lymph node metastasis. The prognostic effect of CD38 on esophageal cancer should be warranted in future prospective studies.
Study on the preparation and properties of talcum-fly ash based ceramic membrane supports
Authors: Cheng Chao , Fu Hongming , Zhang Heng , Chen Haiping , Gao Dan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Ceramic membrane method for moisture recovery from flue gas of thermal power plants is of considerable interest due to its excellent selection performance and corrosion resistance. However, manufacturing costs of commercial ceramic membranes are still relatively expensive, which promotes the development of new methods of preparing low-cost ceramic membranes. In this study, a method for the preparation of porous ceramic membrane supports is proposed. Low-cost fly ash from power plants is the main material of the membrane supports, and talcum is the additive. The fabrication process of the ceramic membrane supports is described in detail. The properties of the supports were fully characterized, including surface morphology, phase composition, pore diameter distribution and porosity. Corrosion resistance and mechanical strength of the supports were measured. The obtained ceramic membrane support displays a pore size of about 5 µm and porosity of 37.8%. Furthermore, the water recovery performance of the supports under different operating conditions was experimentally studied. The experimental results show that, the recovered water flux varies with operating conditions. In the study, the maximum recovered water flux reaches 5.22 kg/(m2·h). The findings provide a guidance for the ceramic membrane supports application of water recovery from flue gas.
Stakeholders’ Perceptions of the Nutrition and Dietetics Needs and the Requisite Professional Competencies in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Kikomeko Peterson Kato , Ochola Sophie , Kaaya Archileo N. , Ogada Irene , Birungi Tracy Lukiya , Nakitto Peace 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Effective implementation of nutrition and dietetics interventions necessitates professionals in these fields to possess the requisite competencies for health systems performance. This study explored the stakeholders’ perceptions of the community nutrition and dietetics needs, the nature of work done by graduates of the Bachelor’s degree in Human Nutrition/Human Nutrition and Dietetics (HN/HND), and the competencies required of Nutrition and Dietetics professionals in Uganda.Methods: A cross-sectional mixed methods design was used. Respondents included 132 graduates of the Bachelor’s degrees in HN/HND obtained from the Makerere and Kyambogo Universities during the period 2005–2017; 14 academic staff that train HN/HND in the two universities; and 10 HN/HND work/internship supervisors. Data from the graduates was collected through an email-based survey while that from other participants was through face to face interviews using a structured key informant interview guide.Results: Most HN/HND respondents (84.8%) obtained their Bachelor's degrees from Kyambogo University and 61.4% graduated in the years 2013–2017. Most (64.3%) academic staff that responded were females and the majority (57.1%) had doctorate training. All stakeholders viewed communities as facing a variety of nutrition and dietetics challenges some of which fall across different Sustainable Development Goals. The nutrition and dietetics interventions requested, provided, and considered a priority to provide to communities were both nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive. Work done by HN/HND graduates encompassed seven main domains; the dominant being organizational leadership and management; management of nutrition-related disease conditions; nutrition and health promotion; research and documentation; and advocacy, communication, and awareness. The knowledge and skills expected of graduates varied but graduates exhibited knowledge and skills gaps in the main areas they are expected to be competent.Conclusions: This study summarises the stakeholders’ perceptions of the nutrition and dietetics challenges faced in Uganda; provided nutrition and dietetic services; nature of work and job roles performed by HN/HND graduates; and the knowledge and skills and related gaps amongst HN/HND graduates practicing in Uganda. We recommend using these findings as a basis for undertaking further stakeholder dialogues towards the development of a competency-based education model suitable for use in strengthening nutrition and dietetics training in Uganda.
The high photocatalytic efficiency and stability of LaNiO3/g-C3N4 heterojunction nanocomposites for photocatalytic water splitting to hydrogen
Authors: Ye Changyu , Wang Rui , Wang Haoyu , Jiang Fubin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A binary direct Z-scheme LaNiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite photocatalyst consisted with LaNiO 3 nanoparticles and g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets was successfully synthesized by means of mechanical mixing and solvothermal methods in order to improve the photocatalytic water splitting activity. The as-prepared materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and N 2 adsorption-desorption experiments, respectively, demonstrating the formation of interfacial interaction and heterogeneous structure in LaNiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposites. Under UV-light irradiation, the LaNiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 samples which without the addition of any noble metal as co-catalyst behaved enhanced photocatalytic water splitting activity compared with pure LaNiO 3 and g-C 3 N 4 , owing to the Z-scheme charge carrier transfer pathway. Especially, the LaNiO 3 /70%g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite reach an optimal yield of up to 3392.50 µmol g -1 in 5 h and held a maximum H 2 evolution rate of 678.5 µmol h -1 g -1 that was 5 times higher than that of pure LaNiO 3 .
Attendance, activation and health profiles of participants in a regional chronic disease self-management program in Laval, Canada
Authors: Girard Magali , Kaczorowski Janusz , Lussier Marie-Thérèse , Martin Vivianne 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background : Chronic diseases are responsible for over 70% of all deaths globally. While some self-management programs have been shown to be efficacious in preventing or altering trajectories for some chronic conditions, scaling-up and sustaining such programs beyond tightly-controlled study conditions remain a major challenge. The objective of the current study was to describe the profile of attendees and the level of engagement of participants in a new, region-wide cardiometabolic disease self-management program offered in Laval, Canada. Methods : CISSS-Laval partnered with the Cardiovascular Health Awareness Program team to co-develop Cible-santé and evaluate the first cohort of participants enrolled in the program, in order to better understand the program's implementation and scope. Trained volunteers (supervised by a nurse) assisted participants with physical measurements (blood pressure, height, weight and waist circumference), a questionnaire on healthy habits, and assessment of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes risk. Results : The evaluation of the first cohort of Cible-Santé participants showed very low attendance. Furthermore, only 1 in 10 of enrolled participants completed the full program. The program typically attracted adults with some risk factors associated with their chronic conditions (high waist circumference, obesity), but with an already high level of knowledge, skills and confidence to participate in self-management activities. Conclusion : A limitation of the study is the lack of data regarding the number of professionals who referred their patients to the program. This study provides a portrait of new participants to a self-management chronic disease program, which highlights the potential of supporting chronic disease patients ready to make changes but also exposes the difficulty of attracting a larger number and diversity of participants and in encouraging completion of the program.
Correlation between immunity from BCG and the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19
Authors: Wickramasinghe Dakshitha , Wickramasinghe Nilanka , Kamburugamuwa Sohan Anjana , Arambepola Carukshi , Samarasekera Dharmabandhu N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose

To investigate the association between parameters indicating immunity from BCG at country level (presence of BCG vaccination policy, BCG coverage, age-specific incidence of tuberculosis (TB)) and the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19.

Methods

Country-specific data for COVID-19 cases and deaths, demographic details, BCG coverage and policy, age-specific TB incidence and income level were obtained. The crude COVID-19 cases and deaths per 100,000 population were calculated and assessed against the parameters indicating the immunity from BCG using linear regression analysis.

Results

Univariate analysis identified higher income level of a country to be significantly associated with COVID-19 cases (p<0.0001) and deaths (p<0.0001) but not with its case fatality rate. The association between COVID-19 and TB was strongest for TB incidence in patients >65-years (Cases(r s =-0.785,p=0.0001)) and deaths (r s =-0.647,p=0.0001).

Multivariate analysis identified the higher income level of a country and not having a universal BCG vaccination policy to affect the COVID-19 cases. The deaths were affected negatively by the presence of BCG vaccination policy and coverage; and positively by the TB incidence in patients >65-years.

Conclusion

Significant negative correlations observed between cases and deaths of COVID-19 and parameters indicating immunity from BCG highlight a likely explanation for the variation in COVID-19 across countries.
ITS barcoding-based species identification for Sanghuangporus (Basidiomycota), a genus of medicinal mushrooms
Authors: Liu Shi-Liang , Shen Shan , Jiang Ji-Hang , Zhou Li-Wei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
“Sanghuang” is a kind of important medicinal mushrooms and taxonomically represented by members in the fungal genus Sanghuangporus. Species of Sanghuangporus referred to medicinal studies and industry are discriminated mainly by BLAST search of GenBank with ITS barcoding region as a query. However, the inappropriately labeled ITS sequences related to “Sanghuang” in GenBank restrict accurate species identification and, to some extent, the utilization of these medicinal resources. Here, we examined all available 271 ITS sequences related to “Sanghuang” from GenBank including 31 newly submitted sequences for this study. Of these sequences, more than half were mislabeled and the corresponding species names are corrected. The mislabeled sequences mainly came from strains by non-taxonomists. Based on the analyses of ITS sequences submitted by taxonomists, we treat Sanghuangporus toxicodendri as a later synonym of S. quercicola, and the intraspecific and interspecific differences are below 1.50% (but S. weirianus) and above 1.50%, respectively. Moreover, ten potential diagnostic sequences are provided for hyperbranched rolling circle amplification to rapidly detect three common commercial species, viz. S. baumii, S. sanghuang and S. vaninii. Generally, the current results provide a practical method for ITS barcoding-based species identification of Sanghuangporus, and will promote medicinal studies and industrial development from the taxonomic perspective.