bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of Cripto‐1 predicts poor prognosis in stage I non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xu Chunhua , Yuan Qi , Hu Huidi , Wang Wei , Zhang Qian , Li Li , Wang Jiwang , Yang Rusong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCripto‐1 (CR‐1) is related to the biological behaviour and prognosis of carcinomas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of CR‐1 expression in surgically resected stage I non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). One hundred and forty‐eight patients with completely resected stage I NSCLC and available clinical follow‐up data were assessed. The protein expression of CR‐1 in the tumours was detected by immunohistochemistry. CR‐1 was highly expressed in 64 of 148 tumours. Among patients with high CR‐1 expression, progression‐free survival and overall survival rate were significantly lower than those of patients with low CR‐1 levels (P = .013 and P = .019, respectively). The incidence of distant metastasis in patients with high CR‐1 expression was significantly higher than that of in patients with low CR‐1 expression (57.13% vs 21.43%, P = .001). The results of the multivariate analysis confirmed that a high CR‐1 was a significant factor for poor prognosis. In conclusion, CR‐1 could be a useful prognostic factor in patients with stage I NSCLC, likely as an indicator of the metastatic propensity of the tumour.
β‐Methylphenylalanine exerts neuroprotective effects in a Parkinson's disease model by protecting against tyrosine hydroxylase depletion
Authors: Feng Yan , Ma Jianjun , Yuan Lipin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe evaluated the neuroprotective effects of β‐methylphenylalanine in an experimental model of rotenone‐induced Parkinson's disease (PD) in SH‐SY5Y cells and rats. Cells were pre‐treated with rotenone (2.5 µg/mL) for 24 hours followed by β‐methylphenylalanine (1, 10 and 100 mg/L) for 72 hours. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial fragmentation, apoptosis, and mRNA and protein levels of tyrosine hydroxylase were determined. In a rat model of PD, dopamine (DA) and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels, bradykinesia and tyrosine hydroxylase expression were determined. In rotenone–pre‐treated cells, β‐methylphenylalanine significantly increased cell viability and MMP, whereas ROS levels, apoptosis and fragmented mitochondria were reduced. β‐Methylphenylalanine significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of tyrosine hydroxylase in SH‐SY5Y cells. In the rotenone‐induced rat model of PD, oral administration of β‐methylphenylalanine recovered DA and DOPAC levels and bradykinesia. β‐Methylphenylalanine significantly increased the protein expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the striatum and substantia nigra of rats. In addition, in silico molecular docking confirmed binding between tyrosine hydroxylase and β‐methylphenylalanine. Our experimental results show neuroprotective effects of β‐methylphenylalanine via the recovery of mitochondrial damage and protection against the depletion of tyrosine hydroxylase. We propose that β‐methylphenylalanine may be useful in the treatment of PD.
Tooth‐related factors for tooth loss 20 years after active periodontal therapy–A partially prospective study
Authors: Rahim‐Wöstefeld Sonja , El Sayed Nihad , Weber Dorothea , Kaltschmitt Jens , Bäumer Amelie , El‐Sayed Shirin , Eickholz Peter , Pretzl Bernadette 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo assess factors contributing to tooth loss 20 years after active periodontal therapy (APT) on tooth level.Materials and MethodsAfter an initial retrospective analysis 10 years after APT, patients were monitored for 10 more years. At clinical re‐evaluation 20 years after APT, tooth‐related factors (tooth type, location, bone loss, furcation involvement, abutment status) and patient‐related factors (gender, smoking, adherence) were investigated. Descriptive statistical analysis and a mixed logistic regression analysis were performed with tooth loss as primary outcome variable.ResultsThe study included 69 patients (42 female/27 male). 39 patients were non‐adherent (56.5%), and 11 were active smokers (15.9%). A total of 198 out of 1611 teeth were lost. Tooth loss was significantly highest (p < .01) in molars (21.1%), multi‐rooted teeth with furcation involvement (23.5%) and abutment teeth (fixed: 27.6%, removable: 36.4%). 37.6% of teeth with initial bone loss >60% were lost during 20 years. Adherent patients showed less frequent tooth loss than non‐adherent patients (OR 0.371; p < .01).ConclusionEven teeth with an initial bone loss over 60% could be retained in approximately two thirds for 20 years. This should be kept in mind when assigning prognosis and establishing a treatment plan.
Root‐retained overdentures: Survival of abutment teeth with precision attachments on root caps depends on overdenture design
Authors: Berger Camille Henriette , Arnold Caroline , Stalder Anja Katrin , Weber Adrian , Abou‐Ayash Samir , Schimmel Martin 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundRoot‐retained overdentures (OD) are one treatment option for partially edentulous patients. However, the available evidence regarding factors influencing abutment survival in root‐retained ODs is limited.PurposeThis retrospective study included clinical examinations and evaluated the survival rate of roots restored with precision attachments soldered to post‐and‐core (gold cap) retained ODs, analysed with respect to various patient‐ and prosthesis‐related factors.MethodsPatients receiving at least one OD with gold caps in the past were invited for comprehensive clinical examinations. The primary outcome parameter was the abutment survival rate over the observation period (2002‐2016). Possible contributing factors (eg closed vs open OD design) were analysed. Analyses included Kaplan‐Meier estimators, Cox regressions and hazard ratios (HR).Results114 patients with 128 ODs originally retained by 280 abutments, with a cumulative total exposure time of 2035.4 years, were examined. Twenty‐seven abutment teeth (9.6%) were lost after a mean observation period of 7.9 ± 3.4 years. Significant factors associated with abutment loss were a closed, compared to an open OD design (HR 8.38 (95% CI 1.11‐63.59), P = .040), which was independent of the number of abutments per OD. Furthermore, the loss rate was higher when the denture was not worn day‐and‐night (HR 3.52 (95% CI 1.32‐9.40), P = .012). Oral hygiene behaviour was associated with higher HRs.ConclusionsODs remain a viable treatment option for patients with few teeth remaining in the dental arch. It is advisable to choose an open design for the OD, irrespective of the number of abutment teeth. Furthermore, gold cap‐retained ODs should not be removed overnight.
Church Voting Recommendations, Voter Preferences, and Political Decisions
Authors: Torgler Benno , Stadelmann David , Portmann Marco 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn Switzerland, two key church institutions—the Conference of Swiss Bishops and the Federation of Protestant Churches—make public recommendations on how to vote for certain referenda. We leverage this situation to directly measure religious organizations’ power to reflect and shape human decision making. That is, using a direct measure of voters’ commitment to their religious institution, we analyze whether they are more likely to vote in line with this organization's voting recommendation. We find that these recommendations do indeed wield influence, implying that even in a secularized world, religion plays a crucial role in voting decisions. Our results hold for both aggregate and individual‐level voting decisions.
Female reproductive suppression in an Australian arid zone rodent, the spinifex hopping mouse
Authors: Berris K. K. , Breed W. G. , Moseby K. E. , Carthew S. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe spinifex hopping mouse (Notomys alexis) is an Australian arid zone rodent that undergoes boom and bust population cycles in its natural environment. Most populations studied to date have been sympatric with exotic predators and introduced herbivores, likely affecting their population dynamics. Therefore, it is unclear whether high‐density populations of hopping mice are regulated by purely extrinsic factors or whether intrinsic factors are also at play. We hypothesized that reproductive suppression of female N. alexis may occur in high‐density populations as has been observed in some other rodent species. Reproductive condition of adult female N. alexis was compared between a high‐density population within the Arid Recovery reserve, where exotic predators and introduced herbivores are excluded, and a low‐density population on adjacent pastoral properties (no exclusions). Trap success was 10 times higher inside the reserve than at pastoral sites, and no adult females were observed breeding in the reserve population, despite 26 % of females at pastoral sites recorded breeding. Our results indicate that adult female N. alexis in the high‐density reserve population were reproductively suppressed, but the similar sex ratios in both populations and the high female body mass and body condition in the reserve indicated that this was not due to demographic differences between the two populations or food scarcity. Our study indicates that the ‘busts’ observed in arid zone rodent populations may be amplified due to the presence of exotic predators and/or grazing by introduced herbivores. We contend that prior to the introduction of exotic predators and introduced herbivores in Australia, the arid zone rodent N. alexis would likely have been more abundant and intrinsic population regulation through female reproductive suppression may have played a larger role in population regulation.
‘Whispers and shadows’: A critical review of the professional identity literature with respect to minority physicians
Authors: Wyatt Tasha R. , Balmer Dorene , Rockich‐Winston Nicole , Chow Candace J. , Richards Joslyn , Zaidi Zareen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesProfessional identity formation (PIF) is a growing area of research in medical education. However, it is unclear whether the present research base is suitable for understanding PIF in physicians considered to be under‐represented in medicine (URM). This meta‐ethnography examined the qualitative PIF literature from 2012 to 2019 to assess its capacity to shine light on the experiences of minoritised physicians.MethodsData were gathered using a search of six well‐known medical education journals for the term ‘professional identit*’ in titles, keywords, abstracts and subheadings, delineated with the date range of 2012‐2019. All non‐relevant abstracts were removed and papers were then further reduced to those that focused only on learners’ experiences. This left 67 articles in the final dataset, which were analysed using a collaborative approach among a team of researchers. The team members used their professional expertise as qualitative researchers and personal experiences as minoritised individuals to synthesise and interpret the PIF literature.ResultsFour conceptual categories were identified as impacting PIF: Individual versus Sociocultural Influences; the Formal versus the Hidden Curriculum; Institutional versus Societal Values; and Negotiation of Identity versus Dissonance in Identity. However, a major gap was identified; only one study explored experiences of PIF in URM physicians and there was an almost complete absence of critical stances used to study PIF. Combined, these findings suggest that PIF research is building on existing theories without questioning their validity with reference to minoritised physicians.ConclusionsFrom a post‐colonial perspective, the fact that race and ethnicity have been largely absent, invisible or considered irrelevant within PIF research is problematic. A new line of inquiry is needed, one that uses alternative frameworks, such as critical theory, to account for the ways in which power and domination influence PIF for URM physicians in order to foreground how larger sociohistorical issues influence and shape the identities of minoritised physicians.
Acute and chronic sleep deprivation in residents: Cognition and stress biomarkers
Authors: Choshen‐Hillel Shoham , Ishqer Ahmad , Mahameed Fadi , Reiter Joel , Gozal David , Gileles‐Hillel Alex , Berger Itai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesInsufficient sleep affects circadian hormonal profiles and inflammatory markers and may modulate attention, executive functioning and decision‐making. Medical professionals and specifically resident physicians, who are involved in long‐term nightshift schedules during their post‐graduate training, are prone to acute and chronic sleep deprivation and disruption, putting them at risk for making medical errors. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of chronic and acute‐on‐chronic sleep deprivation and disruption among residents on selected physiological and cognitive measures.MethodsThirty‐three medical and surgical residents were evaluated twice ‐ at baseline and after a 26‐hour shift. Eighteen young attending physicians who did not engage in nightshift schedules served as controls and were evaluated once. Measures included morning cortisol and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), computerised tests of attention and behaviour, the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function, a risk‐taking questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.ResultsResidents, but not attendings, reported chronic sleep disruption and deprivation. Residents at baseline exhibited reduced morning cortisol levels and elevated hs‐CRP levels, compared to attendings. Residents at baseline had impaired global executive function compared to attendings. A nightshift with acute sleep deprivation further reduced residents' executive function. Residents at baseline and after a nightshift demonstrated increased impulsivity and slower processing time than attendings. Residents and attendings did not differ in risk‐taking tendencies which were assessed in a separate cohort.ConclusionsIn a real‐life setting, resident physicians exhibit increased low‐grade systemic inflammation (hs‐CRP) and impaired HPA‐axis function. Their chronic sleep curtailment is associated with greater impulsivity, slower cognitive processing, and impaired executive function. Future research is warranted to understand how improving working schedule by increasing sleep duration may minimise the short‐term and potential long‐term risks to physicians in training.
How Not to Criticise Scientism
Authors: Hietanen Johan , Turunen Petri , Hirvonen Ilmari , Karisto Janne , Pättiniemi Ilkka , Saarinen Henrik 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper argues that the main global critiques of scientism lose their punch because they rely on an uncharitable definition of their target. It focuses on epistemological scientism and divides it into four categories in terms of how strong (science is the only source of knowledge) or weak (science is the best source of knowledge) and how narrow (only natural sciences) or broad (all sciences or at least not only the natural sciences) they are. Two central arguments against scientism, the (false) dilemma and self‐referential incoherence, are analysed. Of the four types of epistemological scientism, three can deal with these counterarguments by utilizing two methodological principles: epistemic evaluability of reliability and epistemic opportunism. One hopes that these considerations will steer the discussion on scientism to more fruitful pastures in the future. For example, there are interesting methodological considerations concerning what evaluability or reliability and epistemic opportunism entail.
Epistemic Judgments are Insensitive to Probabilities
Authors: Bricker Adam Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMultiple epistemological programs make use of intuitive judgments pertaining to an individual’s ability to gain knowledge from exclusively probabilistic/statistical information. This paper argues that these judgments likely form without deference to such information, instead being a function of the degree to which having knowledge is representative of an agent. Thus, these judgments fit the pattern of formation via a representativeness heuristic, like that famously described by Kahneman and Tversky to explain similar probabilistic judgments. Given this broad insensitivity to probabilistic/statistical information, it directly follows that these epistemic judgments are insensitive to a given agent’s epistemic status. From this, the paper concludes that, breaking with common epistemological practice, we cannot assume that such judgments are reliable.
Philosophy for Children and the Extrinsic Value of Academic Philosophy
Authors: Gatley Jane 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExternal pressure on Higher Education Institutes in the United Kingdom has brought the question of the extrinsic value of academic philosophy into focus. One line of research into questions about the extrinsic value of philosophy comes from the Philosophy for Children (P4C) movement. There is a large body of literature about the benefits of P4C. This paper argues that the distinctive nature of the P4C pedagogy limits the claims made by the P4C literature about the extrinsic value of philosophy to claims about the value of P4C. While this is not a problem within the P4C literature that recognises these limitations, the paper makes three claims about why it is sometimes inappropriate to extend claims from research into the value of P4C to claims about the value of non‐P4C philosophy. It argues that more research is needed to investigate the value of non‐P4C philosophy.
Where is the Fundamental Disagreement Between Naive Realism and Intentionalism?
Authors: Niikawa Takuya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to reveal the source of the dispute between naive realism and intentionalism. To accomplish this task, it examines Adam Pautz’s challenge to naive realism, according to which a naive intuition about visual phenomenology, which is the only workable case for naive realism, is problematic. It argues that naive realists can address the challenge from Pautz by rejecting his assumption that naive realists and intentionalists agree on the nominal definition of visual phenomenology. The paper then argues that the reason naive realists want to preserve the naive intuition is its irresistibility rather than its reliability. Given this, it concludes that the disagreement between naive realism and intentionalism is rooted in what philosophical projects they tackle. Naive realists are engaged in the philosophical project of delineating a coherent view of the actual world in which the irresistible naive intuition can be true; the intentionalist philosophical project differs from it.
Epistemic Pluralism
Authors: Zangwill Nick 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper epistemic pluralism concerning knowledge is taken to be the claim that very different facts may constitute knowledge. The paper argues for pluralism by arguing that very different facts can constitute the knowledge‐making links between beliefs and facts. If pluralism is right, we need not anxiously seek a unified account of the links between beliefs and facts that partly constitute knowledge in different cases of knowledge. The paper argues that no good reasons have been put forward in favour of believing in a unified maker of knowledge. It then appeals to the role of knowledge in order to argue that we have positive reason to embrace pluralism.
Impact of invasive aspergillosis occurring during first induction therapy on outcome of acute myeloid leukaemia (SEIFEM‐12B study)
Authors: Candoni Anna , Farina Francesca , Perruccio Katia , Di Blasi Roberta , Criscuolo Marianna , Cattaneo Chiara , Delia Mario , Zannier Maria Elena , Dragonetti Giulia , Fanci Rosa , Martino Bruno , Del Principe Maria Ilaria , Fianchi Luana , Vianelli Nicola , Chierichini Anna , Garzia Mariagrazia , Petruzzellis Giuseppe , Nadali Gianpaolo , Verga Luisa , Busca Alessandro , Pagano Livio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients are at high risk of invasive aspergillosis (IA) after first induction chemotherapy (CHT). Although IA risk factors have been identified, few data are available on impact of IA, occurring during induction phase, on overall AML outcome.Patients and resultsThe end point of this multicentre, case‐control, study was to evaluate whether IA, occurring after first induction CHT, can affect treatment schedule and patient's outcome. We identified 40 AML patients (cases) who developed IA during first induction phase, 31 probable (77.5%) and 9 proven (22.5%). These cases were matched with a control group (80 AML) without IA, balanced according to age, type of CHT, AML characteristics and cytogenetic‐molecular risk factors. The overall response rate to induction CHT was the same in the 2 groups. In the 40 cases with IA, the overall response rate to antifungal treatment was favourable (80%) but it was significantly affected by the achievement of leukaemia complete remission (CR) with induction CHT. In fact, in cases with AML responsive to induction CHT, responses of IA to antifungal therapy were 96% compared to 21% in cases of AML not responsive to induction treatment (P < .0001). The adherence to the schedule and full doses of CHT were reported in 35% of cases (14/40) and in 76% of controls (61/80) (P = .0001; OR 6.7; 95% CI 2.7‐16.6). After first induction CHT, a significant higher number of cases (15/40; 37.5%) compared to controls (9/80; 11%) could not receive additional cycles of CHT (P = .0011, OR 4.8; 95% CI 1.9‐12.3). The IA‐related mortality was 22.5%. The median OS of cases was significantly worse than OS of controls with a difference of 12.3 months (12.1 vs 24.4 months, P = .04). However, the occurrence of IA during first induction phase did not have a significant impact on the OS of cases who achieved a CR of AML with induction CHT which are able to proceed, despite the IA, with their therapeutic program, achieving the same OS as the control group with AML in CR (P = ns).ConclusionsThese data show that IA during first induction CHT can delay the subsequent therapeutic program and has a significant impact on OS, specifically in AML patients who did not achieved a CR of AML with the first course of CHT.
WRECKED CARGOES OF MARMOR LUCULLEUM (AFRICANO) OF THE ROMAN PERIOD. AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ARCHAEOMETRICAL STUDY
Authors: Beltrame Carlo , Lazzarini Lorenzo 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe article presents the results of new underwater and laboratory investigations carried out on a cargo of columns and blocks of Roman age from a shipwreck sunk off Capo Taormina (Sicily). The archaeometric analyses (powder XRD and OM with thin sections) indicate the use of marmor luculleum (africano) from the ancient Ionian town of Teos for the columns. The authors compare their results with the data obtained from the other two shipwrecks carrying the same marble sunk off the southern coast of France (Dramont I and Chrétienne M) together with abrasive materials (pumice and corundite [emery]), applying the relevant archaeometric analyses. A maritime traffic of the prestigious stone from Teos into the Central Mediterranean, combined with pumice (from Lipari?) and Naxian corundite – both used in the working of marble ‐ is here reconstructed for the first time. We also propose a date for the Taormina cargo.