bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How has psycho‐behavioural research advanced our understanding of hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes?
Authors: Hendrieckx C. , Gonder‐Frederick L. , Heller S. R. , Snoek F. J. , Speight J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlmost 100 years since the discovery of insulin, hypoglycaemia remains a barrier for people with type 1 diabetes to achieve and maintain blood glucose at levels which prevent long‐term diabetes‐related complications. Although hypoglycaemia is primarily attributable to the limitations of current treatment and defective hormonal counter‐regulation in type 1 diabetes, the central role of psycho‐behavioural factors in preventing, recognizing and treating hypoglycaemia has been acknowledged since the early 1980s. Over the past 25 years, as documented in the present review, there has been a substantial increase in psycho‐behavioural research focused on understanding the experience and impact of hypoglycaemia. The significant contributions have been in understanding the impact of hypoglycaemia on a person's emotional well‐being and aspects of life (e.g. sleep, driving, work/social life), identifying modifiable psychological and behavioural risk factors, as well as in developing psycho‐behavioural interventions to prevent and better manage (severe) hypoglycaemia. The impact of hypoglycaemia on family members has also been confirmed. Structured diabetes education programmes and psycho‐behavioural interventions with a focus on hypoglycaemia have both been shown to be effective in addressing problematic hypoglycaemia. However, the findings have also revealed the complexity of the problem and the need for a personalized approach, taking into account the individual's knowledge of, and emotional/behavioural reactions to hypoglycaemia. Evidence is emerging that people with persistent and recurrent severe hypoglycaemia, characterized by deeply entrenched cognitions and lack of concern around hypoglycaemia, can benefit from tailored cognitive behavioural therapy.
Can network metrics predict vulnerability and species roles in bird‐dispersed plant communities? Not without behaviour
Authors: Morán‐López Teresa , Espíndola Walter D. , Vizzachero Benjamin S. , Fontanella Antonio , Salinas Letty , Arana César , Amico Guillermo , Pizo Marco A. , Carlo Tomás A. , Morales Juan M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNetwork metrics are widely used to infer the roles of mutualistic animals in plant communities and to predict the effect of species' loss. However, their empirical validation is scarce. Here we parameterized a joint species model of frugivory and seed dispersal with bird movement and foraging data from tropical and temperate communities. With this model, we investigate the effect of frugivore loss on seed rain, and compare our predictions to those of standard coextinction models and network metrics. Topological coextinction models underestimated species loss after the removal of highly linked frugivores with unique foraging behaviours. Network metrics informed about changes in seed rain quantity after frugivore loss. However, changes in seed rain composition were only predicted by partner diversity. Nestedness, closeness, and d’ specialisation could not anticipate the effects of rearrangements in plant–frugivore communities following species loss. Accounting for behavioural differences among mutualists is critical to improve predictions from network models.
Subgroup comparison according to clinical phenotype and serostatus in autoimmune encephalitis: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Gastaldi M. , Mariotto S. , Giannoccaro M. P. , Iorio R. , Zoccarato M. , Nosadini M. , Benedetti L. , Casagrande S. , Di Filippo M. , Valeriani M. , Ricci S. , Bova S. , Arbasino C. , Mauri M. , Versino M. , Vigevano F. , Papetti L. , Romoli M. , Lapucci C. , Massa F. , Sartori S. , Zuliani L. , Barilaro A. , De Gaspari P. , Spagni G. , Evoli A. , Liguori R. , Ferrari S. , Marchioni E. , Giometto B. , Massacesi L. , Franciotta D. 
Published: December 2019

Background and purpose Autoimmune encephalitides (AE) include a spectrum of neurological disorders whose diagnosis revolves around the detection of neuronal antibodies (Abs). Consensus‐based diagnostic criteria (AE‐DC) allow clinic‐serological subgrouping of AE, with unclear prognostic implications. The impact of AE‐DC on patients’ management was studied, focusing on the subgroup of Ab‐negative‐AE.MethodsThis was a retrospective multicenter study on patients fulfilling AE‐DC. All patients underwent Ab testing with commercial cell‐based assays (CBAs) and, when available, in‐house assays (immunohistochemistry, live/fixed CBAs, neuronal cultures) that contributed to defining final categories. Patients were classified as Ab‐positive‐AE [N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate‐receptor encephalitis (NMDAR‐E), Ab‐positive limbic encephalitis (LE), definite‐AE] or Ab‐negative‐AE (Ab‐negative‐LE, probable‐AE, possible‐AE).ResultsCommercial CBAs detected neuronal Abs in 70/118 (59.3%) patients. Testing 37/48 Ab‐negative cases, in‐house assays identified Abs in 11 patients (29.7%). A hundred and eighteen patients fulfilled the AE‐DC, 81 (68.6%) with Ab‐positive‐AE (Ab‐positive‐LE, 40; NMDAR‐E, 32; definite‐AE, nine) and 37 (31.4%) with Ab‐negative‐AE (Ab‐negative‐LE, 17; probable/possible‐AE, 20). Clinical phenotypes were similar in Ab‐positive‐LE versus Ab‐negative‐LE. Twenty‐four/118 (20.3%) patients had tumors, and 19/118 (16.1%) relapsed, regardless of being Ab‐positive or Ab‐negative. Ab‐positive‐AE patients were treated earlier than Ab‐negative‐AE patients (P = 0.045), responded more frequently to treatments (92.3% vs. 65.6%, P < 0.001) and received second‐line therapies more often (33.3% vs. 10.8%, P = 0.01). Delays in first‐line therapy initiation were associated with poor response (P = 0.022; odds ratio 1.02; confidence interval 1.00–1.04).ConclusionsIn‐house diagnostics improved Ab detection allowing better patient management but was available in a patient subgroup only, implying possible Ab‐positive‐AE underestimation. Notwithstanding this limitation, our findings suggest that Ab‐negative‐AE and Ab‐positive‐AE patients share similar oncological profiles, warranting appropriate tumor screening. Ab‐negative‐AE patients risk worse responses due to delayed and less aggressive treatments.
Language impairment in children aged 5 and 8 years after antiepileptic drug exposure in utero – the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study
Authors: Husebye E. S. N. , Gilhus N. E. , Spigset O. , Daltveit A. K. , Bjørk M. H. 
Published: December 2019

Background and purposeThe purpose was to examine the consequences of antiepileptic drug (AED) exposure during pregnancy on language abilities in children aged 5 and 8 years of mothers with epilepsy.MethodsThe study population included children of mothers with and without epilepsy enrolled in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study 1999–2008. Mothers prospectively provided information on epilepsy diagnosis, AED use during pregnancy and the child’s language abilities at age 5 and 8 years, in questionnaires with validated language screening tools. AED concentrations in gestation week 17–19 and in the umbilical cord were measured.ResultsThe study population included 346 AED‐exposed and 388 AED‐unexposed children of mothers with epilepsy, and 113 674 children of mothers without epilepsy. Mothers of 117 and 121 AED‐exposed children responded to the questionnaires at age 5 and 8 years, respectively. For AED‐exposed children, the adjusted odds ratio for language impairment was 1.6 [confidence interval (CI) 1.1–2.5, P = 0.03] at age 5 years and 2.0 (CI 1.4–3.0, P < 0.001) at age 8 years, compared to children of mothers without epilepsy. Children exposed to carbamazepine monotherapy had a significantly increased risk of language impairment compared to control children at age 8 years (adjusted odds ratio 3.8, CI 1.6–9.0, P = 0.002). Higher maternal valproate concentrations correlated with language impairment at age 5 years. Periconceptional folic acid supplement use protected against AED‐associated language impairment.ConclusionFoetal AED exposure in utero is associated with an increased risk of language impairment in children aged 5 and 8 years of mothers with epilepsy. Periconceptional folic acid use had a protective effect on AED‐associated language impairment.
Emergency decision making with extended axiomatic design approach under picture fuzzy environment
Authors: Ding Xue‐Feng , Zhang Ling , Liu Hu‐Chen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTimely and effective emergency decision making (EDM) is the key to control the spread of disasters and reduce the casualties and property losses caused by emergencies. However, due to limited time and insufficient data, it is difficult for decision makers to provide accurate information about emergency incidents. Moreover, the EDM problems become complicated and unstructured requiring the deployment of advanced mathematical techniques to derive the most acceptable response. In this paper, we propose a new EDM approach by using picture fuzzy sets and axiomatic design technique for determining the optimal rescue plan to reduce the damages of emergencies. The contribution of this paper is to apply the picture fuzzy sets to handle the uncertainty and ambiguity of decision makers' assessments on emergency alternatives, apply the picture fuzzy hybrid averaging operator to aggregate decision makers' opinions into a group evaluation matrix and extend the axiomatic design technique to identify the best emergency solution for EDM. Finally, a real example is provided, and the result is compared with existing methods to demonstrate the feasibility and practicability of our proposed EDM approach.
Staging environmental risk: a methodological cosmopolitanism approach to Chinese media events
Authors: MAO ZHIFEI , QIU JACK LINCHUAN 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study is to enrich Beck's (2016) concept of methodological cosmopolitanism and digital metamorphosis from the perspective of communication researchers using a ‘media event', namely the live broadcasting of history through communication technology (Dayan and Katz 1992) as the research unit. Based on our observation of media events of environmental crises in China, we argue that digital metamorphoses are happening, albeit in a complicated form. These disruptive events that netizens evoke, participate in and resolve make a stronger and longer lasting impact on the social consensus about environmental protections than do pre‐set pseudo‐events. The effects of the digital empowerment of people are, however, case specific and the nation‐state still dominates many media events pertaining to environmental crises.
The hostile environment, Brexit, and ‘reactive‐’ or ‘protective transnationalism’
Authors: REDCLIFT VICTORIA MELANGEDD , RAJINA FATIMA BEGUM 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe ‘reactive transnationalism hypothesis’ posits a relationship between discrimination and transnational practice. The concept has generally been studied using quantitative methods, but a qualitative approach augments our understanding of two context‐specific dimensions: thenatureof the discrimination involved, and thetypesof transnational behaviour that might be affected. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with Bangladesh‐origin Muslims in London, Luton and Birmingham, in the UK, we demonstrate how anti‐Asian and anti‐Muslim racism have been conflated with intensified anti‐migrant racism in the context of ‘hostile environment’ immigration policies and the EU referendum (Brexit), producing an amplification of racist discourses associated with purging the body politic of its non‐white bodies. The insecurity generated is altering some people's relationships to Bangladesh, incentivizing investment in land and property ‘back home'. While this represents an example of ‘reactive transnationalism', we argue that ‘protective transnationalism’ might be a more appropriate way of describing the processes at work.
Safety and efficacy of turoctocog alfa in the prevention and treatment of bleeds in previously untreated paediatric patients with severe haemophilia A: Results from the guardian 4 multinational clinical trial
Authors: Yaish Hassan , Matsushita Tadashi , Belhani Meriem , Jiménez‐Yuste Víctor , Kavakli Kaan , Korsholm Lars , Matytsina Irina , Philipp Claire , Reichwald Kirsten , Wu Runhui 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionTuroctocog alfa is a recombinant, B domain‐truncated factor VIII (FVIII) approved for patients with haemophilia A.AimTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of turoctocog alfa in previously untreated patients (PUPs) with severe haemophilia A.MethodsGuardian 4 was a multicentre, multinational, non‐randomized, open‐label phase 3 trial comprising a main and extension phase. The former concluded once ≥ 50 patients had received treatment for ≥ 50 exposure days (EDs) or developed inhibitors. Patients received turoctocog alfa intravenously for prevention and treatment of bleeds. The primary endpoint was the incidence rate of FVIII inhibitors (≥0.6 Bethesda Units) reported during the first 50 EDs.ResultsOf the 58 patients who completed the main phase, 25 (43.1%) patients developed inhibitors (detected within 6‐24 [mean: 14.2] EDs from treatment start). High‐risk mutations were identified in 60% of patients who developed inhibitors in the main phase and were a significant predictor of inhibitor development (P = .003). Of the 21 patients who started immune tolerance induction therapy, 85.7% completed treatment with a negative inhibitor test (note that data on the last 3 patients completing ITI are based on information collated from sites prior to the final database lock). Haemostatic response (including missing values as failure) was rated as ‘excellent’ or ‘good’ for 86.1% of bleeds occurring during prophylaxis. The estimated mean annualized bleeding rate for patients on prophylaxis was 4.26 bleeds/patient/year (95% CI: 3.34 − 5.44).ConclusionsTuroctocog alfa was effective at preventing and stopping bleeds and was well tolerated. Inhibitor development was within the expected range for this PUP population.
Toward the fabrication of extruded microstructured bioresorbable phosphate glass optical fibers
Authors: Gallichi‐Nottiani Duccio , Pugliese Diego , Giovanna Boetti Nadia , Milanese Daniel , Janner Davide 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe steps toward the fabrication of directly extruded microstructured fiber preforms made of a bioresorbable phosphate glass are herein presented, analyzing the features of the process from the glass synthesis to the manufacturing of the fiber. The realization of these fibers leverages on three main pillars: an optically transparent bioresorbable glass, its extrusion into a preform, and the fiber drawing. The glass has been designed and carefully prepared in our laboratory to be dissolvable in a biological fluid while being optically transparent and suitable for both preform extrusion and fiber drawing. To support the production of an optimized die for the preform extrusion, a simplified laminar flow model simulation has been employed. This model is intended as a tool for a fast and reliable way to catch the complex behavior of glass flow during each extrusion and can be regarded as an effective design guide for the dies to fulfill the specific needs for preform fabrication. After die optimization, extrusion of a capillary was realized, and a stacking of extruded tubes was drawn to produce a microstructured optical fiber made of bioresorbable phosphate glass.
Clinical leadership development in Australian healthcare: a systematic review
Authors: Pizzirani Bengianni , O'Donnell Renée , Skouteris Helen , Crump Bernard , Teede Helena 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDespite clear priority and high costs of leadership capability programmes in healthcare, and significant investments into improving clinical leadership, there remains a prominent gap around evidence of effectiveness or impact on patient outcomes in Australia. We aimed to conduct a systematic review on postgraduate clinical leadership programmes to gather learnings on the processes, theoretical underpinnings, and impact of such programmes for medical and other health professionals. Our search included empirical, peer‐reviewed evaluations of Australian clinical leadership development programmes published between November 2008 and March 2019 and yielded 3284 records. Four studies met criteria. Findings revealed that currently, little value is placed on formal evaluations and peer‐reviewed publication including assessment of individual, organisational or system level impacts of clinical leadership development programmes, with limited evidence available on effective approaches to clinical leadership development in the Australian healthcare system.
Maternal neural reactivity during pregnancy predicts infant temperament
Authors: Brooker Rebecca J. , Kiel Elizabeth J. , MacNamara Annmarie , Nyman Tristin , John‐Henderson Neha A. , Schmidt Louis A. , Van Lieshout Ryan J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMaternal biological systems impact infant temperament as early as the prenatal period, though the mechanisms of this association are unknown. Using a prospective, longitudinal design, we found that maternal (N = 89) amplitudes of the late positive potential (LPP) in response to negative stimuli during the second, but not the third, trimester of pregnancy predicted observed and physiological indices of temperamental reactivity in infants at age 4 months. Maternal LPP was positively associated with observed infant fear and negatively associated with frontal EEG asymmetry and cortisol reactivity in infants at age 4 months. Results identify a putative mechanism, early in pregnancy, for the intergenerational transmission of emotional reactivity from mother to infant.
Effectiveness of adjuvant treatment for morcellated, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I uterine leiomyosarcoma: A Korean multicenter study
Authors: Kim Se Ik , Choi Chel Hun , Kim Kidong , Hong Deok Ho , Park Jeong‐Yeol , Kwon Byung Su , Lee Keun Ho , Hong Dae Gy , Shin So‐Jin , Park Sang‐Il , Kim Yun Hwan , Lee Seung‐Ho , Lee Sanghoon , Hong Jin Hwa , Lee Jung‐Yun , Kim Yong Beom , No Jae Hong , Suh Dong Hoon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of adjuvant treatment for morcellated, uterus‐confined leiomyosarcoma in a multicenter setting.MethodsWe identified patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I uterine leiomyosarcoma primarily treated with surgery between 2003 and 2016. Among them, patients who underwent one of the following morcellation methods were included: (i) power morcellation; (ii) intracorporeal morcellation using scalpels or electrocautery; and (iii) vaginal morcellation. Patients' survival outcomes were compared according to the implementation of adjuvant treatment.ResultsFrom 13 institutions, 55 patients were included; 31 for adjuvant treatment group and 24 for surgery only group. The clinicopathological characteristics including the mass size, morcellation methods, extent of surgery, and mitotic count were similar between the groups. In the adjuvant treatment group, 67.7%, 19.4% and 12.9% of patients received chemotherapy, chemoradiation and radiation, respectively. After a median follow‐up of 50.5 months, the adjuvant treatment and surgery only groups showed similar overall survival (5‐year rate, 92.0% vs 90.4%; P = 0.959). No significant difference in progression‐free survival was observed between the two groups (3‐year rate, 46.1% vs 78.2%; P = 0.069). On multivariate analyses, adjuvant treatment did not affect progression‐free survival (adjusted HR, 2.138; 95% CI, 0.550–8.305; P = 0.273). The adjuvant treatment group showed a trend towards more common distant metastasis, compared to the surgery only group (25.8% vs 4.2%; P = 0.062). The incidences of pelvic, retroperitoneal, and abdominal recurrences were not different between the groups.ConclusionDespite its frequent use in clinical practice, adjuvant treatment did not improve the survival outcomes of patients with morcellated, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I uterine leiomyosarcoma.
Proportion of abnormal second 50‐g glucose challenge test in gestational diabetes mellitus screening using the two‐step method in high‐risk pregnant women
Authors: Glaharn Pianpun , Chumworathayi Bandit , Kongwattanakul Kiattisak , Sutthasri Nutwara , Wiangyot Phimwimon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsTo determine the merit of repeating 50‐g glucose challenge test (50‐g GCT) at 24–28 weeks of gestation in high‐risk pregnant women and the prevalence of early‐ and late‐onset gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsThis study was conducted in 1447 pregnant women, 344 of them were at risks for GDM undergoing screening by two‐step method at first visit. Data were not completely collected in 47 women leaving only 297 for analyses. Fifty‐six of 297 pregnant women were diagnosed as early‐onset GDM (18.8%) and the other 241 pregnant women were consequently screened at 24–28 weeks of gestation to identify late‐onset GDM. Screening data were retrieved, including risks, laboratory test results, baseline characteristics and diagnostic outcomes. Proportion of abnormal second 50‐g GCT and the prevalence of late‐onset GDM were estimated.ResultsThe prevalence of late‐onset GDM was 17.8%. Among groups of normal 50‐g GCT, abnormal 50‐g GCT and abnormal 1 oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) value at first test, the proportions of abnormal 50‐g GCT at second test were 38.3%, 59.5% and 79.3%, and the prevalence of late‐onset GDM among each group were 18.8%, 8.3% and 41.4%, consecutively. This lead to prevalence of GDM in this high‐risk group of 33.3% and overall among 1447 women was 7.9%.ConclusionThere were high proportions of abnormal 50‐g GCT at second test in the groups with abnormal 50‐g GCT and abnormal 1 OGTT value at first test (59.5% and 79.3%). Authors suggested doing OGTT without repeating 50‐g GCT in these groups coming at 24–28 weeks of gestation.
Pilot study establishing a nomogram of yolk sac growth during the first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Detti Laura , Roman Robert A. , Goedecke Patricia J. , Christiansen Mary E. , Peregrin‐Alvarez Irene , Ikwuezunma Gini , Francillon Ludwig 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThe yolk sac (YS) has been reported as a reliable predictor of adverse pregnancy outcomes, however, it has always been evaluated cross‐sectionally with a single ultrasound per patient. We sought to validate the use of YS dimensions in serial ultrasounds throughout the first 10 weeks of singleton and multiple gestations.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study where YS diameters were serially obtained with 2D ultrasound in singleton and multiple gestations from 5 to 11 weeks. Nonparametric test were used for comparisons with P < 0.05 indicating significance.ResultsOne hundred ninety‐three patients were included, 42 twins (3 monochorionic and 39 dichorionic), 2 triplets (monochorionic twins plus a singleton) and 148 singleton pregnancies (238 total fetuses). There was no difference in YS dimensions in singleton versus multiple pregnancies. Starting at 5 weeks' gestation, the YS increased 0.4 mm (95% CI 0.3–0.5 mm) per week until 10 weeks' gestation. Forty‐five fetuses were lost in the first trimester. The risk of pregnancy loss was higher with a large YS until 8 weeks (P ≤ 0.001), while after 8 weeks it was higher with a small YS (P < 0.005).ConclusionWe established a nomogram of YS development during the first 10 weeks of pregnancy. The YS reliably detected pregnancies that ended in loss as early as 6 weeks' gestation. The YS was either smaller or larger than in ongoing pregnancies. While all pregnancies with large YS were lost within 10 weeks, those with smaller YS were lost beyond the first 10 weeks.