bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Menstrual disorders and its effect on life activities of secondary school students in Abha, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khalil Shamsun Nahar , Alsaleem Safar , Siddiqui Aesha Farheen , Alshaikh Ayoub Ali , Althabet Meaad Mohammed Abdullah 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Menstrual disorders including dysmenorrhea is a common problem in adolescent girls however they have attracted little or no attention in the public health agenda of most countries including Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to establish menstrual pattern among the teenagers, identify the common menstrual problems and study its impact on their life activities.Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out in Abha city among 445 secondary-school girls during the academic year 2016 - 2017. Menstrual Disorder of Teenagers (MDOT) questionnaire was used for data collection.Results The mean age of the study subjects was16.27±1.45 years while the mean age at menarche was 12.9±1.28. One in three girls reported irregular menstruation. Heavy bleeding was reported by 46/7% of the girls. Dysmenorrhea was present in 75.3% girls and 25% reported severe pain. High interference in daily life activity due to dysmenorrhea was reported by 83.9% and around 70.3% miss school. In girls reporting dysmenorrhea, there was a disturbance in school attendance among 86.5% as compared to 13.5% in those without dysmenorrhea (p< 0.001) OR=2.95(95% CI 1.78-4.91). In girls reporting dysmenorrhea, there was a disturbance in doing physical activity among 81.1% as compared to 18.9% in those without dysmenorrhea (p=0.03), OR=1.67(95% CI 1.04-2.68). Dysmenorrhea, heavy bleeding and feeling unwell significantly interfere with the life activities and among the six daily life activities, attending school was significantly affected due to menstrual symptoms.Conclusions This study confirmed that dysmenorrhoea is a common problem among adolescent school girls. A number of physical and emotional symptoms associated with dysmenorrhea affects their quality of life. Girls experiencing symptoms like moderate to severe pain that affects school attendance and interference with life activities should be effectively managed by increasing awareness.
Divergent roles for KLF4 and TFCP2L1 in Naive Ground State Pluripotency and Human Primordial Germ Cell Development
Authors: Hancock Grace V , Liu Wanlu , Peretz Lior , Chen Di , Gell Joanna J , Collier Amanda J , Zamudio Jesse R , Plath Kathrin , Clark Amander T 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
During development, human primordial germ cells (hPGCs) transition through a transcriptional and epigenetic state similar to pre-implantation naive ground state epiblast cells. In hPGCs, this state is called naive-like ground state pluripotency. Diagnostic transcription factors that define this state include TFAP2C, KLF4, and TFCP2L1, with TFAP2C necessary for both establishment of the naive-like ground state in hPGC-like cells (hPGCLCs) and establishment of naive ground state human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Here, we show that KLF4 and TFCP2L1 are not required for hPGC specification or establishment of the naive-like ground state in hPGCLCs. Instead, KLF4 and TFCP2L1 are each required for reversion of primed hESCs to the self-renewing naive ground state. Additionally, TFCP2L1 but not KLF4 function after hPGC specification in the proliferation and survival of hPGCLCs.
Desenvolvimento Sustentável e Responsabilidade Social Empresarial: uma análise entre a teoria e a prática
Authors: Santos Gilberto Friedenreich dos , Weber Arlete Longhi 
Published: April 2020

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar, a luz das teorias de Responsabilidade Social Empresarial (RSE) e Desenvolvimento Sustentável (DS), se as ações de RSE divulgadas pelas indústrias de Blumenau, em Santa Catarina, atendem aos pressupostos teóricos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Como recorte se tomou as indústrias com mais de 500 funcionários, listadas no Guia Fiesc/2015, com unidades no Município de Blumenau/SC. A metodologia utilizada teve por base a pesquisa bibliográfica para a compreensão dos conceitos e pressupostos teóricos e a pesquisa exploratória como suporte na busca das informações sobre as práticas de RSE divulgadas nos sites das empresas analisadas. A partir da análise e conexões feitas entre a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa das ações publicadas pelas empresas em suas páginas web percebe-se que a maioria das indústrias blumenauense divulga sutilmente suas informações de cunho socioambiental. Das onze empresas pesquisadas, apenas três apresentam informações mais detalhadas sobre tais práticas. Entre as ações apresentadas pelas empresas, em sua maioria se encontram as de cunho compulsório, ou seja, obrigadas por lei. Diante do exposto, conclui-se que a indústria de Blumenau tem um longo trajeto a ser percorrido na prática de ações que tragam resultados efetivos em prol do Desenvolvimento Sustentável.
Impact pressure on an orifice plate by a rising water column driven by an air pocket in a vertical riser
Authors: Qian Yu , Zhu David Z. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Occurrences of storm geyser events have attracted significant attention in recent years. Previous studies suggest that using an orifice plate can reduce the intensity of a geyser event but may induce a water-hammer type of pressure on the orifice plate. This study was conducted to explore the factors that influence the pressure transients when an orifice plate was installed in a vertical riser. A novel model was developed to simulated the movement of a rising water column driven by an air pocket in a vertical riser with an orifice plate on the top. Water-hammer type of pressure occurs when the water column reaches the orifice plate. The current model accurately simulates the dynamics of the water column considering its mass loss due to the flow along the wall of the riser (film flow) and the existence of the orifice plate. It was found that the initial water column length and the driving pressure, as well as the riser material, have a strong relationship with the peak pressure. The riser diameter and riser height have minor effect on the peak pressure. The water-hammer induced peak pressure reaches the maximum when the orifice opening is around 0.2 times the diameter of the vertical riser.
Chlorella vulgaris growth in different biodigested vinasse concentrations: biomass, pigments and final composition
Authors: Trevisan Elias , Godoy Rodrigo Felipe Bedim , Radomski Fernando Aparecido Dias , Crisigiovanni Enzo Luigi , Branco Kemely Bruna Zandonadi Ferriani , Arroyo Pedro Augusto 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVinasse, an effluent generated during sugar and alcohol production, has great potential for soil and water pollution; however, it can be treated, used in biomass production and reused in sugarcane plantations. Thus, this work uses different types of biodigested vinasse to produce more biomass. The effect is the removal of ammonia nitrogen quickly and the end of the exponential growth phase of microalgae at different levels from the sixth day of cultivation. Among the concentrations used, the use of 50% biodigested vinasse showed the highest biomass concentration (255 mg L−1) after 10 days of growth, coinciding with the end of ammoniacal nitrogen availability and stabilization of effluent color removal. The addition of biodigested vinasse also provides an increase in Chlorophyll a (5.33 mg L−1) and b (4.66 mg L−1) levels, obtained on the sixth day with 40% of vinasse, as well as protein (40.50%) with 50% effluent. Therefore, with the obtained results we noticed the variation of the biomass composition according to the vinasse concentration and increase of the pigment concentration in the presence of the effluent with higher nutrient concentration. Thus, the higher concentration of vinasse was more productive of the cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris.
The Inflammation Network in the Pathogenesis of Erectile Dysfunction: Attractive Potential Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Kaya-Sezginer Ecem , Gur Serap 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is an evolving health problem in the aging male population.
Chronic low-grade inflammation is a critical component of ED pathogenesis and a probable intermediate stage of
endothelial dysfunction, especially in metabolic diseases, with the inclusion of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and
diabetes.

Objective:
This review will present an overview of preclinical and clinical data regarding common inflammatory
mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ED associated with metabolic diseases and the effect of antiinflammatory
drugs on ED.

Methods:
A literature search of existing pre-clinical and clinical studies was performed on databases [Pubmed
(MEDLINE), Scopus, and Embase] from January 2000 to October 2019.

Results:
Low-grade inflammation is a possible pathological role in endothelial dysfunction as a consequence of
ED and other related metabolic diseases. Increased inflammation and endothelial/prothrombotic markers can be
associated with the presence and degree of ED. Pharmacological therapy and modification of lifestyle and risk
factors may have a significant role in the recovery of erectile response through reduction of inflammatory marker
levels.

Conclusion:
Inflammation is the least common denominator in the pathology of ED and metabolic disorders. The
inflammatory process of ED includes a shift in the complex interactions of cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion
molecules. These data have established that anti-inflammatory agents could be used as a therapeutic opportunity
in the prevention and treatment of ED. Further research on inflammation-related mechanisms underlying ED and
the effect of therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing inflammation is required for a better understanding of the
pathogenesis and successful management of ED.
Current Developments in Targeted Drug Delivery Systems for Glioma
Authors: Patel Dhrumi , Wairkar Sarika , Yergeri Mayur C. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Glioma is one of the most commonly observed tumours, representing about 75% of brain
tumours in the adult population. Generally, glioma treatment includes surgical resection followed by radiotherapy
and chemotherapy. The current chemotherapy for glioma involves the use of temozolomide, doxorubicin, monoclonal
antibodies, etc. however, the clinical outcomes in patients are not satisfactory. Primarily, the blood-brain
barrier hinders these drugs from reaching the target leading to the recurrence of glioma post-surgery. In addition,
these drugs are not target-specific and affect the healthy cells of the body. Therefore, glioma-targeted drug delivery
is essential to reduce the rate of recurrence and treat the condition with more reliable alternatives.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted to understand glioma pathophysiology, its current therapeutic approaches
for targeted delivery using databases like Pub Med, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, etc.

Results:
This review gives an insight to challenges associated with current treatments, factors influencing drug
delivery in glioma, and recent advancements in targeted drug delivery.

Conclusion:
The promising results could be seen with nanotechnology-based approaches, like polymeric, lipidbased,
and hybrid nanoparticles in the treatment of glioma. Biotechnological developments, such as carrier peptides
and gene therapy, are future prospects in glioma therapy. Therefore, these targeted delivery systems will be
beneficial in clinical practices for glioma treatment.
Antithrombotic Therapy for Peripheral Revascularisation
Authors: De Carlo Marco , Angelillis Marco , Liga Riccardo 
Published: April 2020

:
Lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) represents a major public health burden, affecting
hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Although risk-factor modification, exercise training and
medical treatment are the mainstays of the management of LEAD, endovascular or surgical
revascularisation is recommended when there is the risk of limb amputation and when drug-resistant
claudication severely affects patient lifestyle. Over recent years, the number of peripheral vascular interventions
(PVI) has soared worldwide, driven by the improvements in endovascular techniques and
devices. This growth was accompanied by a large number of clinical trials aimed at assessing the safety
and efficacy of the various revascularisation modalities, while very little evidence was collected regarding
the best antithrombotic treatment in patients undergoing peripheral revascularisation. In particular,
considering the extensive length of diseased vessels usually treated in PVI, an optimised approach to
both platelet function and coagulation cascade is of paramount importance. However, the role of antiplatelet
and anticoagulant drugs following lower extremity revascularisation is largely extrapolated from
the coronary field. Current guidelines recommend long-term single antiplatelet treatment for the majority
of both endovascular and surgical revascularisation procedures, preceded by an initial short-term
dual antiplatelet treatment in case of PVI.

:
We present an overview of the indications and techniques of both endovascular and surgical peripheral
revascularisation, followed by an in-depth analysis of the available evidence regarding type and duration
of antiplatelet and anticoagulant treatment following revascularisation.
Systematic Development of Bicalutamide Immediate Release Pellets Using Aeroperl and Non-MCC Extruder Aid
Authors: Rana Hardik , Hasan Hussain , Gohel Mukesh , Thakkar Vaishali , Gandhi Tejal 
Published: April 2020

Background:
The Microcrystalline Cellulose is called as a gold standard for the manufacture
of pellets. The poor disintegration leads to incomplete drug release that restricts the use of
MCC in the immediate-release formulation.

Objective:
The present work aims to explore non-MCC extruder aid for pellet formulation and
solubility modulation potential of Aeroperl® 300 Pharma.

Methods:
Bicalutamide (BCL) was selected as a model BCS class-II drug. The solubility of BCL
was assessed in different vehicles such as polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and Tween by
carrying out phase solubility study. The suitable vehicle was selected based on the higher solubility
of BCL. The vehicle was further adsorbed on newer adsorbent Aeroperl® 300 Pharma to formulate
liquisolid granules. The liquisolid granules were further incorporated into the pellet using mannitol
and microcrystalline cellulose as an extruder aid. Box-Behnken design was adopted for the optimization
of formulation considering MCC: mannitol ratio, the concentration of HPMC and spheronizer
speed as independent factors whereas drug release at 30 min, disintegration time and aspect ratio were
selected as dependent variables. The pellets were evaluated for different evaluation parameters.

Results:
Propylene glycol was selected for the formulation of liquisolid technique based on the
results of the phase solubility study. Propylene glycol containing BCL was adsorbed on Aeroperl
300 Pharma. The optimized batch was selected exploring the Design-Expert software by considering
the limits of different responses. Pellet had excellent flowability. Friability was found to be
within the range (<1%). Pellets were found to be spherical and had pores on the surfaces.

Conclusion:
Liquisolid granules containing newer solubilizer Aeroperl was found to be a promising
approach for the improvement in the solubility of the drug. The use of mannitol with MCC has a
profound effect on disintegration time, without altering flow property and other parameters. No
patents were reported on the combination of Bicalutamide, mannitol and Aeroperl. The critical finding
of the present work is to use mannitol as an extruder aid to fasten the disintegration leads to
complete drug release within a short period of time. Aeroperl and Mannitol, MCC: mannitol ratio,
the concentration of HPMC and spheronizer speed were found to be significant and had the potential
effect in pellet formulation.
Sequence-based Identification of Allergen Proteins Developed by Integration of PseAAC and Statistical Moments via 5-Step Rule
Authors: Khan Yaser Daanial , Alzahrani Ebraheem , Alghamdi Wajdi , Ullah Malik Zaka 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Allergens are antigens that can stimulate an atopic type I human
hypersensitivity reaction by an immunoglobulin E (IgE) reaction. Some proteins are naturally
allergenic than others. The challenge for toxicologists is to identify properties that allow proteins
to cause allergic sensitization and allergic diseases. The identification of allergen proteins is a very
critical and pivotal task. The experimental identification of protein functions is a hectic, laborious
and costly task; therefore, computer scientists have proposed various methods in the field of
computational biology and bioinformatics using various data science approaches. Objectives:
Herein, we report a novel predictor for the identification of allergen proteins.

Methods:
For feature extraction, statistical moments and various position-based features have been
incorporated into Chou’s pseudo amino acid composition (PseAAC), and are used for training of a
neural network.

Results:
The predictor is validated through 10-fold cross-validation and Jackknife testing, which
gave 99.43% and 99.87% accurate results.

Conclusions:
Thus, the proposed predictor can help in predicting the Allergen proteins in an
efficient and accurate way and can provide baseline data for the discovery of new drugs and
biomarkers.
Identification of Glioma Specific Genes as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers for Glioma
Authors: Tu Ming , Ye Ling , Hu ShaoBo , Wang Wei , Zhu Penglei , Lu XiangHe , Zheng WeiMing 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Malignant gliomas are the most prevalent malignancy of the brain.
However, there was still lack of sensitive and accurate biomarkers for gliomas.

Objective:
To explore the mechanisms underlying glioma progression and identify novel
diagnostic and prognostic markers for glioma.

Methods:
By analyzing TCGA dataset, whole-genome genes expression levels were evaluated in
19 different types of human cancers. A protein-protein interacting network was constructed to
reveal the potential roles of these glioma special genes. KEGG and GO analysis revealed the
potential effect of these genes.

Results:
We identified 698 gliomas specially expressed genes by analyzing TCGA dataset. A
protein-protein interacting network was constructed to reveal the potential roles of these glioma
special genes. KEGG and GO analysis showed gliomas specially expressed genes were involved in
regulating neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling,
Glutamatergic synapse, chemical synaptic transmission, nervous system development, central
nervous system development, and learning. Of note, GRIA1, GNAO1, GRIN1, CACNA1A,
CAMK2A, and SYP were identified to be down-regulated and associated with poor prognosis in
gliomas.

Conclusion:
GRIA1, GNAO1, GRIN1, CACNA1A, CAMK2A, and SYP were identified to be
down-regulated and associated with poor prognosis in gliomas. We thought this study will provide
novel biomarkers for gliomas.
Syntheses and Preliminary Evaluation of Dual Target PET Probe [18F]-NOTA-Gly3- E (2PEG4-RGD-WH701) for PET Imaging of Breast Cancer
Authors: Chen Zijun , Fu Hao , Wu Hua , Huang Jinxiong , Yao Lanlin , Zhang Xianzhong , Li Yesen 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 (TNFR1) and integrin αvβ3 receptor are overexpressed in
breast cancer. We hypothesized that a peptide ligand recognizing both receptors in a single receptor-binding
probe would be advantageous. Here, we developed a novel 18F-labeled fusion peptide probe [18F]-NOTA-Gly3-
E(2PEG4-RGD-WH701) targeting dual receptors (TNFR1 and αvβ3) and evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of
this radioactive probe in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 xenograft models in mice.

Methods:
The NOTA-conjugated RGD-WH701 analog was radiolabeled with 18F using NOTA-AlF chelation
method. We used two PEG4 molecules and Glutamic acid (Glu) to covalently link c(RGDyK) with WH701.
Gly3 was also added to further improve the water solubility and pharmacokinetic properties of the probe. The
expression of TNFR1 and Integrin αvβ3 in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells was detected by western blot analysis
and immunofluorescence staining. The tumor-targeting characteristics of [18F]-NOTA-Gly3-E(2PEG4-RGDWH701)
were assessed in nude mice bearing MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 xenografts.

Results:
HPLC analysis of the product NOTA-G3-E (2P4-RGD-WH701) revealed a purity >95%. The yield
after attenuation correction was approximately 33.5%±2.8% (n=5), and the radiochemical purity was above
95%. The MDA-MB-231 tumor uptake of [18]-NOTA-Gly3-E(2PEG4-RGD-WH701) was 1.14±0.14%ID/g, as
measured by PET at 40min postinjection (p.i.). In comparison, the tumor uptake of [18F]-NOTA-RGD and [18F]-
NOTA-WH701 in MDA-MB-231 xenografts was 0.96±0.13%ID/g and 0.93±0.28%ID/g, respectively. The
MCF-7 tumor uptake of [18F]-NOTA-Gly3-E(2PEG4-RGD-WH701) was 1.22±0.11%ID/g, as measured by PET
at 40min postinjection (p.i.). In comparison, the tumor uptake of [18F]-NOTA-RGD and [18F]-NOTA-WH701 in
MCF-7 xenografts was 0.99±0.18%ID/g and 0.57±0.08%ID/g, respectively.

Conclusion:
[18F]AlF-NOTA-Gly3-E(2PEG4-RGD-WH701) was successfully synthesized and labeled with 18F.
The results from the microPET/CT and biodistribution studies of [18F]AlF-NOTA-Gly3-E(2PEG4-RGDWH701)
showed that the tracer could specifically target TNFR1 and integrin αvβ3 receptors.