bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of the electrocardiogram in the assessment of prior myocardial infarction
Authors: Lobeek M. , Badings E. , Lenssen M. , Uijlings R. , Koster K. , van ’t Riet E. , Martens F. M. A. C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The best available imaging technique for the detection of prior myocardial infarction (MI) is cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Although the electrocardiogram (ECG) still plays a major role in the diagnosis of prior MI, the diagnostic value of the ECG remains uncertain. This study evaluates the diagnostic value of the ECG in the assessment of prior MI.

Methods
In this retrospective study, data from electronic patient files were collected of 1033 patients who had undergone CMR with LGE between January 2014 and December 2017. After the exclusion of 59 patients, the data of 974 patients were analysed. Twelve-lead ECGs were blinded and evaluated for signs of prior MI by two cardiologists separately. Disagreement in interpretation was resolved by the judgement of a third cardiologist. Outcomes of CMR with LGE were used as the gold standard.

Results
The sensitivity of the ECG in the detection of MI was 38.0% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 31.6–44.8%. The specificity was 86.9% (95% CI 84.4–89.1%). The positive and negative predictive value were 43.6% (95% CI 36.4–50.9%) and 84.0% (95% CI 81.4–86.5%) respectively. In 170 ECGs (17.5%), the two cardiologists disagreed on the presence or absence of MI. Inter-rater variability was moderate (κ 0.51, 95% CI 0.45–0.58, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The ECG has a low diagnostic value in the detection of prior MI. However, if the ECG shows no signs of prior MI, the absence of MI is likely. This study confirms that a history of MI should not be based solely on an ECG.
Mantram Repetition as a Portable Mindfulness Practice: Applications During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Oman Doug , Bormann Jill E. , Kane Jim J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveMantram or holy name repetition has long been practiced in every major religious tradition. Repetition of a mantram as a mindfulness practice is helpful for stress management and resilience building. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the key features of mantram and the Mantram Repetition Program (MRP) developed in the US Veterans Healthcare System, the evidence base for the MRP, and its applications.MethodsMRP practices are portable and do not require an extended or regularized period of sitting, in contrast to most methods of meditation. Core functions of MRP practices include focus shifting, frame activation, and fostering of mindfulness. We review scientific research, including multiple randomized trials, that has investigated the MRP.ResultsResearch on the MRP has documented reductions in posttraumatic stress symptoms, insomnia, hyperarousal, and depression, as well as enhancement of quality of life, self-efficacy, and mindfulness. Mantram repetition may possess comparative advantages for managing symptoms of various mental health conditions, including posttraumatic stress disorder, HIV/AIDS, cancer, and chronic diseases.ConclusionsMRP practices can be integrated into daily routines to manage stress and improve coping, safety, efficacy, calmness, and resilience. The inclusion of mantram repetition alongside conventional mindfulness-based practices for stress management will improve their cultural and religious inclusiveness, enabling societies and organizations to build greater collective resilience. Mantram repetition can be readily used in the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on healthcare workers, patients, and the public.
Inferences and Optimal Censoring Schemes for Progressively First-Failure Censored Nadarajah-Haghighi Distribution
Authors: Ashour Samir K. , El-Sheikh Ahmed A. , Elshahhat Ahmed 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA new extension of the exponential distribution, proposed by Nadarajah and Haghighi (Statistics45, 543–558 (2011)), is an alternative to the gamma, Weibull and generalized-exponential models, it is also known as NH distribution. The maximum likelihood and Bayes inferential approaches for estimating the unknown two-parameters and some lifetime parameters such as survival and hazard rate functions of the NH distribution in presence of progressive first-failure censored sampling are considered. Based on observed Fisher’s information matrix, the approximate confidence intervals for the two-parameters, and any function of them, are constructed. Using Lindley’s approximation and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods under the assumption of conjugate gamma priors, the Bayes estimates and associate highest posterior density credible intervals for the unknown parameters and reliability characteristics are developed based on squared error loss function. Although the proposed estimators cannot be expressed in explicit forms, these can be easily obtained through the use of appropriate numerical techniques. A Monte Carlo simulation study is carried out to examine the performance of proposed methods. Using different optimality criteria, an optimal censoring scheme has been suggested. Finally, a real data set is analyzed for illustration purposes.
PSA et IRM: comment s’en servir de façon raisonnable pour la détection du cancer de la prostate
Authors: Villani Riccardo , Roosendaal Astrid , Hämmerli Pauline , Iselin Christophe E. 
Published: November 2020

RésuméLe cancer de la prostate est la deuxième tumeur la plus fréquemment diagnostiquée chez les hommes. Elle est responsable d’un impact significatif sur la mortalité ou la qualité de vie des patients, mais, contrairement à d’autres tumeurs, est parfois une maladie à lente progression.Une détection précoce avec dosage de lʼantigène prostatique spécifique (PSA) et un toucher rectal doit être proposé à tout sujet masculin bien informé sur ses conséquences.Le double but du dépistage est de diagnostiquer les cancers potentiellement mortels ou causant une morbidité importante, tout évitant la mise en place d’investigations et traitements agressifs pour des maladies de bas grade, surtout chez les patients âgés.Le PSA est un marqueur sensible mais non spécifique et son dosage doit être accompagné d’un contexte clinique précis, pour éviter la réalisation de biopsies superflues.Lʼimagerie par résonance magnétique multiparamétrique est un examen essentiel avant l’éventuelle réalisation d’une biopsie ainsi que pour la stadification et le suivi du cancer de la prostate (CaP).Des nouveaux biomarqueurs plus spécifiques sont attendus de longue date pour améliorer la détection précoce du CaP.
Modeling of solid-particle effects on bubble breakage and coalescence in slurry bubble columns
Authors: Mühlbauer Adam , Hlawitschka Mark W. , Bart Hans-Jörg 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSolid particles heavily affect the hydrodynamics in slurry bubble columns. The effects arise through varying breakup and coalescence behavior of the bubbles with the presence of solid particles where particles in the micrometer range lead to a promotion of coalescence in particular. To simulate the gas-liquid-solid flow in a slurry bubble column, the Eulerian multifluid approach can be employed to couple computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with the population balance equation (PBE) and thus to account for breakup and coalescence of bubbles.In this work, three approaches are presented to modify the breakup and coalescence models to account for enhanced coalescence in the coupled CFD-PBE framework. The approaches are applied to a reference simulation case with available experimental data. In addition, the impacts of the modifications on the simulated bubble size distribution (BSD) and the applicability of the approaches are evaluated. The capabilities as well as the differences and limits of the approaches are demonstrated and explained.
Adsorption of pharmaceuticals from aqueous solutions using biochar derived from cotton gin waste and guayule bagasse
Authors: Ndoun Marlene C. , Elliott Herschel A. , Preisendanz Heather E. , Williams Clinton F. , Knopf Allan , Watson John E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Biochars produced from cotton gin waste (CG) and guayule bagasse (GB) were characterized and explored as potential adsorbents for the removal of pharmaceuticals (sulfapyridine-SPY, docusate-DCT and erythromycin-ETM) from aqueous solution. An increase in biochar pyrolysis temperature from 350 οC to 700 οC led to an increase in pH, specific surface area, and surface hydrophobicity. The electronegative surface of all tested biochars indicated that non-Coulombic mechanisms were involved in adsorption of the anionic or uncharged pharmaceuticals under experimental conditions. The adsorption capacities of Sulfapyridine (SPY), Docusate (DCT) and Erythromycin (ETM) on biochar were influenced by the contact time and solution pH, as well as biochar specific surface area and functional groups. Adsorption of these pharmaceutical compounds was dominated by a complex interplay of three mechanisms: hydrophobic partitioning, hydrogen bonding and π–π electron donor–acceptor (EDA) interactions. Despite weaker π–π EDA interactions, reduced hydrophobicity of SPY− and increased electrostatic repulsion between anionic SPY− and the electronegative CG biochar surface at higher pH, the adsorption of SPY unexpectedly increased from 40% to 70% with an increase in pH from 7 to 10. Under alkaline conditions, adsorption was dominated by the formation of strong negative charge-assisted H-bonding between the sulfonamide moiety of SPY and surface carboxylic groups. There seemed to be no appreciable and consistent differences in the extent of DCT and ETM adsorption as the pH changed. Results suggest the CG and GB biochars could act as effective adsorbents for the removal of pharmaceuticals from reclaimed water prior to irrigation. High surface area biochars with physico-chemical properties (e.g., presence of functional groups, high cation and anion exchange capacities) conducive to strong interactions with polar-nonpolar functionality of pharmaceuticals could be used to achieve significant contaminant removal from water.

Graphic Abstract
A randomized controlled trial on comparison of colon cleansing for colonoscopy bowel preparation using one-day or two-day regimen methods
Authors: Azadbakht Saleh , Azadbakht Morteza , Azadbakht Salehe , Esmaili Alireza , Rahmani Parisa 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Adequate bowel cleansing prior to colonoscopy is important to achieve clearer view of the bowel and ease diagnosis.

Objective:
This study was performed to compare colon cleansing prior to colonoscopy using one-day and two-day regimens.

Method:
This study is a randomized controlled clinical trial, the patients were randomly allotted in one-day or two-day colon cleansing groups Polyethylene glycol was used as a laxative agent and colonoscopy was performed either on one-day following the bowel cleansing or non-next day (two-day) after the bowel cleansing. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software (version 22).

Results:
Overall, the two groups had 52 patients and were not significantly different in terms of age and gender. The mean duration of colonoscopy in the one-day group was 9.44 min and in the two-day diet group was 10.5 min, which was also not significantly different, P = 0.098. Total colon cleansing in one-day was acceptable in 94.2% and unacceptable in 5.8% patients. The two-day clearance rate was 80.8% and unacceptable clearance 19.2% patients, which was statistically significant, p = 0.038.

Conclusion:
The total colon cleansing was better in one-day regime group. The two groups did not different in terms of side effects and these effects were not associated with age and the gender of the patients.

Highlights:
WHY DOES A HUMAN DIE? A STRUCTURAL APPROACH TO COHORT-WISE MORTALITY PREDICTION UNDER SURVIVAL ENERGY HYPOTHESIS
Authors: Shimizu Yasutaka , Minami Yuki , Ito Ryunosuke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe propose a new approach to mortality prediction under survival energy hypothesis (SEH). We assume that a human is born with initial energy, which changes stochastically in time and the human dies when the energy vanishes. Then, the time of death is represented by the first hitting time of the survival energy (SE) process to zero. This study assumes that SE follows a time-inhomogeneous diffusion process and defines the mortality function, which is the first hitting time distribution function of the SE process. Although SEH is a fictitious construct, we illustrate that this assumption has the potential to yield a good parametric family of cumulative probability of death, and the parametric family yields surprisingly good predictions for future mortality rates.
Evaluating a CTSA-funded pilot grant program
Authors: Morozumi Kalene , Patel Tanha , Kerr Paul , Cassely Mary Beth , Carey Timothy , Buse John , Carnegie Andrea , Egan Tom , Dave Gaurav 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Pilot programs are integral to catalyzing and accelerating research at Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) hubs. However, little has been published about the structure and operationalization of pilot programs or how they impact the translational research enterprise at CTSAs. The North Carolina Translational and Clinical Science Institute (NC TraCS), the CTSA hub at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) conducted an evaluation case study to describe the pilot program structure, assess process outcomes, and provide a framework for other institutions to utilize for the evaluation of their respective pilot programs.

Methods:
We describe the operationalization of our pilot program, the evaluation framework utilized to evaluate the program, and how we analyzed available data to understand how our pilot funding opportunities were utilized by investigators. We calculated application volumes and funding rates by investigator position title and pilot application type. We also reviewed feedback provided by pilot Principal Investigators (PIs) to understand how many pilot projects were completed, NC TraCS service utilization, and barriers to research. Limited data on publications and subsequent funding was also reviewed.

Results:
Between 2009 and 2019 the NC TraCS Pilot Program received 2343 applications and funded 933 projects, ranging from $2000 to $100,000 in amount, with an overall funding rate of 39.8%. Utilization of NC TraCS services had positive impacts on both resubmission funding and project completion rates.

Conclusion:
This process evaluation indicates that the program is being operationalized in a way that successfully fulfills the program mission while meeting the needs of a diverse group of researchers.
The Transnational Mining Justice Movement: Reflecting on Two Decades of Law Reform Activism in the Americas
Authors: KAMPHUIS CHARIS 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article tracks the activism of the mining justice social movement since the late 1990s. As a starting point, this movement is conceptualized as a transnational political project that seeks to transform the terms of corporate resource extraction pursuant to the political and legal arrangements of neo-liberal economic globalization. In this context, the author reflects on the movement’s most significant human rights-oriented law reform projects in the Americas: Indigenous peoples’ right-to-consultation legislation in several Latin American countries and a series of non-judicial grievance mechanisms in Canada in response to the right to remedy norm in international law. Drawing on existing research, the author concludes that in both cases the state has responded with law and policy reforms that fall far short of achieving advocates’ objectives. The author argues that these shortcomings are due in part to the persistence of three liberal/neo-liberal ideologies in the reforms in question: formalism, voluntarism, and privatism. To better understand and explain these findings, the author turns to three critical theories of human rights legal activism: pragmatism, left critique/critical legal liberalism, and counter-hegemony. Examining the work of a range of scholars writing under the banner of each theory, the author identifies key debates and insights that may be instructive as the mining justice movement, and related social and environmental justice movements, continue to aspire towards a law reform agenda capable of addressing pressing global environmental and social justice issues.
Medicine in Gaelic Ireland and Scotland, c.1350–c.1750
Authors: Grace Pierce 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBetween c.1350 and c.1750 a small group of professional hereditary physicians served the Gaelic communities of Ireland and Scotland. Over fifty medical kindreds provided advice regarding health maintenance and treatment with herbs and surgery. Their medical knowledge was derived from Gaelic translations of medieval European Latin medical texts grounded in the classical works of Hippocrates and Galen, and the Arab world. Students studied in medical schools where they copied and compiled medical texts in Irish, some for use as handbooks. Over 100 texts are extant. Political upheaval and scientific advances led to the eclipse of this medical world. Through examination of the Gaelic medical manuscripts and other sources this article provides an assessment of medicine in Gaelic Ireland and Scotland from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-eighteenth centuries.
The afterlives of Galway jail, ‘difficult’ heritage, and the Maamtrasna murders: representations of an Irish urban space, 1882–2018
Authors: Butler Richard J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article explores the spatial history and ‘afterlives’ of Galway jail, where an innocent man, Myles Joyce, was executed in 1882 following his conviction for the Maamtrasna murders; in 2018 he was formally pardoned by President Michael D. Higgins. The article traces how the political and cultural meanings of this incident were instrumentalised in the building of Ireland's last Catholic cathedral on the site of the former Galway jail. It analyses how the site was depicted – in different ways and at different moments – as one of justice, of injustice, of triumph, and of redemption. It investigates how these different legacies were instrumentalised – or at times ignored – by Irish nationalists and later by the Catholic bishop of Galway, Michael Browne. It uses Joyce's execution to explore the site's legacy, an incident that at times dominated its representations but at other moments faded from prominence. The article situates the former jail site within theoretical writings on memorialisation, ‘difficult’ heritage, and studies of architectural demolition, while also commenting on mid twentieth-century Irish Catholic politics and culture.
Historical revisit: Mythistory and the making of Ireland: Alice Stopford Green's undoing
Authors: Mitchell Angus 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe publication in 1908 of The making of Ireland and its undoing, 1200–1600 by the London-based Irish historian, Alice Stopford Green, provoked a controversy that reveals much about the deepening political tensions at the heart of historical practice in the decade before 1916. Stopford Green took a deliberately controversial approach to the rewriting of medieval Ireland that triggered a bombardment of both positive and negative reactions. Supporters of Irish home rule applauded the work for its innovative analysis and contemporary relevance. But the book elicited a flurry of exasperation from a united front of ‘history men’, who dismissed Stopford Green and her work as ‘political’ and largely fictitious. Anticipating the reaction from a profession that was predominantly sympathetic to a unionist interpretation, Stopford Green had a well-prepared plan that harnessed both her gender and her transnational networks of influence to maximise the dissemination of her radical reimagining of the late medieval Gaelic world. By understanding these deeper strategies of defiance, Alice Stopford Green's history might be reclaimed as a key intervention in the structuring of both Ireland's national tradition and collective consciousness in preparation for independence.
New cynodonts (Therapsida, Eucynodontia) from the Late Triassic of India and their significances
Authors: Bhat Mohd Shafi , Ray Sanghamitra , Datta P. M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Upper Triassic Tiki Formation of India has yielded several new cynodont taxa, which are described on the basis of multiple isolated teeth and a jaw fragment. A new species of dromatheriid,Rewaconodon indicus, is defined by a tri- and tetracuspid asymmetric crown, long anterior edge of the major cuspa, cingular cuspsdandf, and marked constriction at the crown-root junction. Another new dromatheriid,Inditherium florisn. gen. n. sp., is characterized by a broad, flower-shaped pentacuspid crown, multiple cingular cusps, and a weak lingual cingulum is also described from the same horizon. In addition, a new mammaliamorph taxon,Tikiodon cromptonin. gen. n. sp., is established on a tooth specimen, which has a shovel-shaped crown, three closely spaced main cusps, a pronounced lingual cingulum with multiple cingular cusps, and a root of incomplete root bifurcation. Such a tooth morphology occupies an intermediate position between the non-mammalian cynodonts and the early mammals, as is evident from the co-occurrence of various cynodont dental morphotypes in the Tiki Formation. Moreover, Late Triassic cynodonts occurred along narrow belts demarcated by paleolatitudes, though the Indian fauna shows both Laurasian and Gondwanan affinities.UUID:http://zoobank.org/c2c575ad-ee23-4f33-8a30-661c548a5b17
Predicted Probabilities and Inference with Multinomial Logit
Authors: Paolino Philip 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMultinomial logit (MNL) differs from many other econometric methods because it estimates the effects of variables upon nominal, not ordered outcomes. One consequence of this is that the estimated coefficients vary depending upon a researcher’s decision about the choice of a reference, or “baseline,” outcome. Most researchers realize this in principle, but many focus upon the statistical significance of MNL coefficients for inference in the same way that they use the coefficients from models with ordered dependent variables. In some instances, this leads researchers to report statistics that do not reflect the correct quantities of interest and reach flawed conclusions. In this note, I argue that researchers need to orient their approach to analyzing both the substantive and statistical significance of predicted probabilities of interest that match their research questions.
From Comrades to Subversives: Mexican Secret Police and ‘Undesirable’ Spanish Exiles, 1939–60
Authors: Aguilar Kevan Antonio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article examines the Mexican state's surveillance of Spanish political exiles. As the Mexican government publicly welcomed over 20,000 political refugees fleeing the Spanish Civil War (1936–9), its intelligence apparatus characterised anarchist and communist refugees as subversive threats to the Mexican nation. Despite these efforts, the Mexican secret police failed to prevent the emergence of new political bonds between the two countries’ popular classes. This article shows the consequences of the Mexican secret police's campaign against radical exiles while also highlighting instances in which Spaniards evaded the state's purview and contributed to revolutionary projects in Mexico, Latin America and Spain.