bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological Distress during COVID-19 Lockdown among Dental Students and Practitioners in India: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Chakraborty Trishnika , Subbiah Gireesh Kumar , Damade Yogesh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Indian Government imposed a countrywide lockdown of 21 days from March 25 to April 14, 2020, which was further extended to 60 days. The sudden draconian measures changed the delivery of dental education and practice throughout the country. The study aimed to screen for depression during the COVID-19 lockdown and the factors associated with it among dental students and practitioners in highly COVID-19 infected states of India.Materials and Methods The current study is an online cross-sectional survey performed in Delhi NCR, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu during May 2020. The participants were recruited by convenience sampling. The main outcome measure was the screening of depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), which was categorized as mild, moderate, and severe depression. The data analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Version 23.0. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify the independent predictors of depression.Results In total, 335 dental students and practitioners participated in the survey. Among this, a significant number of the dental students (54%) and practitioners (44%) scored moderate to severe depression in terms of depression severity according to the PHQ-9 scores. Those who were screened depressed were likely to be males and younger than 30 years old. The results of correlation analysis indicated that worry about the professional growth, concerns regarding setbacks in clinical and research experiences, previous history of mental health issues, and fear of contracting COVID-19 from patients were positively related to higher depression scores in students. Moreover, for practitioners, fear of contracting COVID-19 from the patients scored higher levels of depression. The practitioners who reported less concern about their practice/job post COVID-19 lockdown and those who were able to meet their financial expenses during the lockdown were the least likely to be depressed.Conclusion The results of this study indicate a high level of depression among a significant number of dental students and practitioners. It is important to monitor and address the mental health needs of dental students and practitioners during and after the lockdown.
Treatment of Ruptured Giant Omphalocele and Gastroschisis with Liver Herniation using a Wound Retractor as a Novel Approach
Authors: Nelson Jana , Wachowiak Robin , Siekmeyer Manuela , Knuepfer Matthias , Thome Ulrich , Holger Stepan , Lacher Martin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRuptured giant omphaloceles (GO) and gastroschisis with total liver herniation are rare cases of exceptionally large abdominal wall defects. Many of these children have lethal outcome. The surgical and postsurgical management are complex. We report on two cases treated with staged surgical repair using a wound retractor as a silo. With this technique, the liver and intestines could be reduced into the abdomen with secondary closure of the abdominal cavity within the first 1 to 2 weeks of life.
Pyrexia of Unknown Origin: An Atypical Presentation of Hepatic Hemangioma
Authors: Desai Gunjan , Budkule Dattaraj , Pande Prasad , Wagle Prasad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) has been a diagnostic challenge for decades. Hepatic hemangioma (HH) is not a common differential diagnosis of PUO. It is the most common benign hepatic tumor, commonly asymptomatic and incidentally detected, or can present with vague abdominal pain. PUO is a rare presenting feature. We describe a case of 38-year-old lady presenting with PUO. With no other identifiable source of fever despite exhaustive investigations, a giant hemangioma in right lobe of liver detected on abdominal ultrasonography was deemed to be the cause of PUO. The patient had sudden decrease in hemoglobin while undergoing workup, which on imaging showed a bleeding hemangioma and right hepatectomy was performed. Patient had an uneventful recovery and her PUO also resolved after surgery. HH should be considered a rare diagnosis of exclusion for PUO after a standard algorithmic approach does not reveal any other cause.
Relation between Maternal and Neonatal Serum Lipid Profile and Their Impact on Birth Weight
Authors: Abdel-Hamid Tamer A. , AbdelLatif Dalia , Ahmed Eman , Abdel-Rasheed Mazen , A-Mageed Ahmed 
Published: December 2020

Objective Maternal malnutrition with disturbed lipid metabolism during pregnancy may affect the fetal lipid profile. We aimed to detect the relation between maternal and neonatal serum lipid profile, as well as to detect the serum lipid profile difference between small for gestational age (SGA) infants and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants to disclose the impact of maternal malnutrition on birth weight.
Study Design A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 pregnant women coming to the labor room. Before delivery, maternal serum levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TGs), and total cholesterol were assessed, then after delivery, cord blood samples were taken for assessment of the neonatal lipid profile. Birth weights were measured, then the neonates were divided into SGA and AGA groups.
Results Serum levels of LDL, TGs, and total cholesterol in the SGA infants were lower than that in the AGA infants. A positive correlation between maternal and neonatal serum TGs levels was found. Besides, there was a positive correlation between birth weight and maternal serum levels of LDL, TGs, and total cholesterol.
Conclusion Maternal serum lipid profile could be an indicator of the neonatal serum lipid profile and birth weight.
Key Points
Maternal Cardiovascular Function Following a Pregnancy Complicated by Preeclampsia
Authors: Barr Logan C. , Liblik Kiera , Johri Amer M. , Smith Graeme N. 
Published: December 2020

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive pregnancy complication with an unknown etiology and high maternal burden worldwide. Burgeoning research has linked preeclampsia to adverse maternal health outcomes remote from pregnancy; however, the intermediary mechanisms responsible for this association have not been sufficiently established. In the present narrative review, we summarize leading evidence of structural and functional cardiovascular changes associated with prior preeclampsia, and how these changes may be linked to future maternal disease.
Key Points
How Helpful Is aEEG? Context and User Experience Matter
Authors: Sandoval Karamian Amanda G. , Wusthoff Courtney J. 
Published: December 2020

Objective The aim of the study is to model amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) utility to diagnose seizures in common clinical scenarios.
Study Design Using reported neonatal seizure prevalence and aEEG sensitivities and specificities, likelihood ratios (LRs) and post-test probabilities were calculated to quantify aEEG utility to diagnose seizures in three typical clinical scenarios.
Results Prevalence data supported pretest probabilities for neonatal seizures of 0.4 in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), 0.27 in bacterial meningitis, and 0.05 in extreme prematurity. Reported sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 90% for seizures with expert aEEG interpretation yielded a positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 8.7 and a negative likelihood ratio (LR−) of 0.17. Reported sensitivity of 65% and specificity of 70% with intermediate interpretation yielded LR+ 2.17 and LR− 0.5. Reported sensitivity of 40% and sensitivity of 50% with inexperienced interpretation gave LR+ 0.8 and LR− 1.2. These translate the ability to move pretest to post-test probability highly dependent on user expertise. For HIE, a pretest probability of seizure of 0.4 moves to a post-test probability of 0.85 when aEEG is positive for seizures by expert interpretation, and down to 0.1 when aEEG is negative. In contrast, no useful information was gained between pretest and post-test probability by aEEG interpreted as negative or positive for seizure at the inexperienced user level. Similarly, in the models of meningitis or extreme prematurity, incremental information gained from aEEG ranged widely based on interpreter experience.
Conclusion aEEG is most useful to screen for neonatal seizures when used in conditions with high seizure prevalence, and when interpretation has a sensitivity and specificity as reported for expert users. In contrast, aEEG can become negligible in providing meaningful clinical information when applied in conditions having lower seizure prevalence or when interpretation has low accuracy. Appropriate patient selection and high quality interpretation are essential for aEEG utility in neonatal seizure detection.
Key Points
Hierarchical Modelling of COVID-19 Death Risk in India in the Early Phase of the Pandemic
Authors: Olsen Wendy , Bera Manasi , Dubey Amaresh , Kim Jihye , Wiśniowski Arkadiusz , Yadav Purva 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe improve upon the modelling of India’s pandemic vulnerability. Our model is multidisciplinary and recognises the nested levels of the epidemic. We create a model of the risk of severe COVID-19 and death, instead of a model of transmission. Our model allows for socio-demographic-group differentials in risk, obesity and underweight people, morbidity status and other conditioning regional and lifestyle factors. We build a hierarchical multilevel model of severe COVID-19 cases, using three different data sources: the National Family Health Survey for 2015/16, Census data for 2011 and data for COVID-19 deaths obtained cumulatively until June 2020. We provide results for 11 states of India, enabling best-yet targeting of policy actions. COVID-19 deaths in north and central India were higher in areas with older and overweight populations, and were more common among people with pre-existing health conditions, or who smoke, or who live in urban areas. Policy experts may both want to ‘follow World Health Organisation advice’ and yet also use disaggregated and spatially specific data to improve wellbeing outcomes during the pandemic. The future uses of our innovative data-combining model are numerous.
Young Adult Perspectives on their Respiratory Health Symptoms Since Vaping
Authors: Kechter Afton , Schiff Sara J. , Simpson Kelsey A. , Ceasar Rachel C. , Braymiller Jessica L. , McConnell Rob , Leventhal Adam M. , Barrington-Trimis Jessica L. 
Published: December 2020

Background Vaping among young adults (YA) has been associated with adverse respiratory health outcomes. However, key gaps remain in the literature including perspectives from YA vapers on perceived respiratory health symptoms since vaping, how they describe those symptoms and related experiences, and factors to which they attribute their respiratory health symptoms. Methods Participants ( N = 35) were 18–25 years old and self-reported as currently vaping at least once per week. In-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted using an open-ended interview guide designed to elicit respondents’ subjective vaping-related experiences. We used a thematic analysis to interpret the transcripts. Results Participants reported adverse respiratory health symptoms (e.g., phlegm, cough, pain in lungs) that some attributed to vaping. Participants compared what is known about vaping to what is known about combustible cigarettes and described continued use of vaping products despite perceived adverse respiratory health consequences. Some participants attributed their symptoms to preexisting medical conditions (e.g., asthma) and to heavy vaping. Some described a decline in exercise-related endurance since vaping. Some participants also reported that they experienced worse respiratory symptoms when using specific brands and products (e.g., JUUL and nicotine salt formulation). Conclusions This study provides powerful accounts from YA vapers about their experience of respiratory health symptoms that they ascribe to vaping. Future research is needed to evaluate the prevalence and severity, as well as the risk and protective factors, of adverse respiratory health symptoms associated with vaping. Addiction prevention and treatment efforts for YA vapers may help curtail adverse respiratory health impact from vaping.
How should we Define “Rural” when Investigating Rural Tobacco use in the United States?
Authors: Roberts Megan E. , Doogan Nathan J. , Tanenbaum Erin , Stillman Frances A. , Mumford Elizabeth A. , Chelluri Devi , Wewers Mary Ellen 
Published: December 2020

Purpose Investigations into rural tobacco-related disparities in the U.S. are hampered by the lack of a standardized approach for identifying the rurality—and, consequently, the urbanicity—of an area. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the most common urban/rural definitions (Census Bureau, OMB, RUCA, and Isolation) and determine which is preferable for explaining the geographic distribution of several tobacco-related outcomes (behavior, receiving a doctor's advice to quit, and support for secondhand smoke policies). Methods Data came from The Current Population Survey Tobacco Use Supplement. For each tobacco-related outcome, one logistic regression was conducted for each urban/rural measure. Models were then ranked according to their ability to explain the data using Akaike information criterion (AIC). Results Each definition provided very different estimates for the prevalence of the U.S. population that is considered “rural” (e.g., 5.9% for the OMB, 17.0% for the Census Bureau). The OMB definition was most sensitive at detecting urban/rural differences, followed by the Isolation scale. Both these measures use strict, less-inclusive criteria for what constitutes “rural.” Conclusions Overall, results demonstrate the heterogeneity across urban/rural measures. Although findings do not provide a definitive answer for which urban/rural definition is the best for examining rural tobacco use, they do suggest that the OMB and Isolation measures may be most sensitive to detecting many types of urban/rural tobacco-related disparities. Caveats and implications of these findings for rural tobacco use disparities research are discussed. Efforts such as these to better understand which rural measure is appropriate for which situation can improve the precision of rural substance use research.
Null hypersurfaces in Kerr–Newman–AdS black hole and super-entropic black hole spacetimes
Authors: Imseis Michael T N , Al Balushi Abdulrahim , Mann Robert B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A three-dimensional light-like foliation of a spacetime geometry is one particular way of studying its light cone structure and has important applications in numerical relativity. In this paper, we execute such a foliation for the Kerr–Newman–AdS black hole geometry and compare it with the lightlike foliations of the Kerr–AdS and Kerr–Newman black holes. We derive the equations that govern this slicing and study their properties. In particular, we find that these null hypersurfaces develop caustics inside the inner horizon of the Kerr–Newman–AdS black hole, in strong contrast to the Kerr–AdS case. We then take the ultra-spinning limit of the Kerr–Newman–AdS spacetime, leading to what is known as a super-entropic black hole, and show that the null hypersurfaces develop caustics at a finite distance outside the event horizon of this black hole. As an application, we construct Kruskal coordinates for both the Kerr–Newman–AdS black hole and its ultra-spinning counterpart.
Lipschitz stability for an inverse source scattering problem at a fixed frequency
*
Authors: Li Peijun , Zhai Jian , Zhao Yue 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper is concerned with an inverse source problem for the three-dimensional Helmholtz equation by a single boundary measurement at a fixed frequency. We show the uniqueness and a Lipschitz-type stability estimate under the assumption that the source function is piecewise constant on a domain which is made of a union of disjoint convex polyhedral subdomains.
A bimodal γ′ phase precipitation in Ni–Al alloys with preaging and continuous cooling: phase-field simulation
Authors: Chen Xi , Li Yongsheng , Yan Zhengwei , Shi Shujing , Wang Dong , Lai Kunwu , Chen Jing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A bimodal precipitation with primary and secondary γ′ phase in Ni-17 at.% Al alloys was produced via preaging and continuous cooling. The morphology and composition evolution of γ′ phase during cooling process were studied by using phase-field simulation, the bimodal precipitation mechanism was declared. The content of Al in secondary γ′ phase is lower than the equilibrium composition because of the slower atom diffusion during continuous cooling. With the increase of cooling rates, the volume fraction and average radius of primary and secondary γ′ phase are reduced, the number density of secondary γ′ phase increases; in addition, the inter-distance of particle size distribution of primary and secondary γ′ phase is widen. A long time of isothermal preaging reduces the precipitation and growth of secondary γ′ phase. The hybrider precipitates with bimodal size distribution of γ′ phase help optimizing the precipitates morphology of nickel based alloys.
Characterization of the inhomogeneity of Pt/CeO
x
/Pt resistive switching devices prepared by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Li Changfang , Zhang Baolin , Qu Zhaozhu , Zhao Hongbin , Li Qixin , Zeng Zhaohui , Yang Rusen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
There are unrevealed factors that bring about the performance variations of resistive switching devices. In this work, Pt/CeO
x
/Pt devices prepared by magnetron sputtering showed rectification in their asymmetrical current–voltage (I–V) curves during voltage sweeps. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the deposited CeO
x
film had an inhomogeneous composition, and more oxygen vacancies existed in CeO
x
near the top electrode. The asymmetrical resistance change of the Pt/CeO
x
/Pt devices can be explained by the presence of more charged oxygen vacancies in CeO
x
near the top electrode, along with the Schottky conduction mechanism. This work reveals that the compositional inhomogeneity is inevitable in the magnetron sputtering of oxide targets like CeO2 and can be an important source of device-to-device and cycle-to-cycle variations of memristors.
Guidelines and procedure for tailoring high-performance, steady-state traveling waves for propulsion and solid-state motion
Authors: Musgrave Patrick F , Albakri Mohammad I , Phoenix Austin A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Structure-Borne Traveling Waves (SBTWs) have significant promise as a means of underwater propulsion, solid-state motion, and drag reduction. However, there is limited understanding over how to tailor SBTWs for these applications. This study establishes guidelines and a procedure for tailoring SBTWs on thin-walled two-dimensional (2D) surfaces. These guidelines were specifically crafted to yield SBTWs favorable for propulsion and solid-state motion: propagation along a uniform direction and with consistent amplitude. SBTWs are steady-state traveling waves generated by taking advantage of a surface’s modal properties (i.e. mode shapes). This novel mechanism provides significant benefits including a minimal actuation footprint, a wide frequency bandwidth, and active variability (propagation direction, wavelength, etc). However, this mechanism also introduces a dependence on the mode shapes and actuator location. Thus, to tailor SBTWs favorable for propulsion the relationship between SBTWs, the mode shapes, and actuator locations must be understood. Eight Guidelines governing this relationship are established. These Guidelines are demonstrated using SBTWs generated on a previously validated model of a 2D plate. Among others, it is shown that the frequency bandwidth can be broken into distinct frequency regions, and each region can be classified as yielding favorable or unfavorable SBTWs. A multi-step procedure is then introduced that enables SBTWs to be tailored on any thin-walled surface. Numerically or experimentally applicable, the actuator configuration can be defined to tailor SBTWs with a specific propagation direction; all that is required is knowledge of the mode shapes. Finally, a case study is presented in which the guidelines and procedure are implemented to tailor SBTWs on a trapezoidal surface. Two different sets of SBTWs are tailored, each propagating in different directions and with various wavelengths. Thus, the established guidelines and procedure enable SBTWs to be tailored for specific applications, such as propulsion and solid-state motion.
Antibacterial and anti-viral effects of silver nanoparticles in medicine against COVID-19—a review
Authors: Teirumnieks Edmunds , Balchev Ivaylo , Ghalot Risham Singh , Lazov Lyubomir 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article reviews the research on disinfecting the air through air filters and ventilation systems using silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) (encouraged from the present situation of COVID-19) focusing on stopping the spreading of deadly viruses. The primary goal of the research is to demonstrate possible antiviral Ag NP formulations to be delivered by inhalation, to minimize the worsening of respiratory system infections. The basic design of the study includes a bibliometric analysis of the study of the effect of Ag NPs on the disinfection of viral infections. The research will discuss the idea of the use of laser ablation with Ag NPs for antiviral and antibacterial effects. The research article results in compelling evidence for the use of Ag NPs for medicinal purposes for infectious diseases/viruses and will contribute to the progress of medical science to protect healthcare workers from dangerous viruses at medical institutions. Practically, the research will generate a sterile system, which might be employed by every public or private institution economically with Ag NPs (because of their antimicrobial properties).
Cumulative loading of the ion trap by laser ablation of thorium target in buffer gas
Authors: Derevyashkin S P , Borisyuk P V , Khabarova K Yu , Kolachevsky N N , Strelkin S A , Tkalya E V , Tregubov D O , Tronin I V , Yakovlev V P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We describe a method that allows accumulation in a Paul trap of a large number of ions obtained from multiple laser ablation pulses, and therefore solving the problem of a single pulse that usualy gives rise to final trapping of too few ions. The proposed method of the cumulative trap loading was based on interaction with a buffer gas that provided a friction force. The method was applied to triply charged thorium ions and trapped a total of 106 ions. Numerical analysis of the ion motion allowed the experimental parameters to be optimized for the most effective implementation of the technique.