bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Herbagreen Foliar Fertilizer on Growth and Productivity of Maize in the Mid-altitude Zone of Rwanda
Authors: Maniraho Leonidas , Mushimiyimana Isaie , Twagirumukiza Aloys , Kayonga Christian , Twagirayezu Olivier , Mbarubukeye Faustin 
Published: December 2019

Maize (Zea mays L) is still largely a subsistence food crop under promotion as a food security crop and source of income for smallholders. It is grown in the mid altitude zone of Rwanda. Herbagreen is a Bio fertilizer, used successfully in agriculture in different countries of the world.
The objective of this study was to determine the maize response to herbagreen foliar fertilizer application and determine the optimum rate for maximum yield. This was done in Randomized Complete Bloc Design (RCBD) with four treatments, replicated in four times. Four treatments of herbagreen rates including T1 as control, T2=0.31Kg/ ha-1, T3=0.63Kg/ha-1and T4=0.94Kg ha-1 of herbagreen foliar fertilizer. This was applied to a population of 53.333 plants/ha. The planting spacing was used at 75 cmX50 cm with 2 plants per hill. Analysis of variance for the different parameters measured showed that there was a high significant (p<0.001) among treatment for number of leaves, ear weight and grain yield. The effect of herbagreen foliar fertilizer differed significantly (p<0.05) for male flowering, female flowering, ear length, ear diameter and plant height. The maximum grain yield was 4.922 t ha-1 recorded with the application of 0.94 kg ha-1, followed by 0.63 kg/ha which produced 4.629 t ha-1 also 0.31 kg ha-1of herbagreen yielded 4.589 t ha-1 and lastly the minimum grain yield was found in control plots where it produced 3.569 t ha-1 The control plots did not receive any herbagreen foliar fertilizer. The optimum herbagreen foliar fertilizer rate for maximum grain yield was 0.94 kg ha-1 from the regression equation and the predicted grain yield at this rate was 4.8 t ha-1. Herbargreen foliar application can increase Maize yield to a certain extent. However, further experiments need to be done to ensure the sustainability of the application.
Surface Charge‐Driven Nanoengineering of Monodisperse Carbon Nanospheres with Tunable Surface Roughness
Authors: Wang Quan‐Gao , He Lei , Zhao Li‐Yuan , Liu Ru‐Shuai , Zhang Wei‐Ping , Lu An‐Hui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDirect pyrolysis of polymer nanospheres usually leads to severe particle aggregation, uncontrolled surface morphology, and poor solvent dispersibility of the carbonaceous analogues. The successful manipulation of surface roughness, surficial mesopores, and water dispersibility of carbon nanospheres (CNSs) is essential to meet their structural varieties and practical applications. In this study, a facile, surface charge‐driven, interfacial assembly method is reported for the synthesis of CNSs with the abovementioned properties, which involve the interfacial assembly between hetero‐charged silica nanoparticles and polymer nanospheres process. Noticeably, the surface area and pore volume of the resultant rough‐surface CNSs can be augmented remarkably compared to those of direct‐pyrolyzed CNSs. Moreover, the cooperation of uniformity and rough‐surface morphology imparts CNSs with good dispersion stability and more adsorption sites for efficiently removing and recovering water pollutants, e.g., fluorescent derivative fluorescein 5(6)‐isothiocyanate; thus, CNSs contribute greatly to environment protection and resource cyclic utilization. These findings may set the foundations for designing and constructing multifarious morphological carbon nanomaterials, with great monodispersity, surficial mesopores and rough surface, for various applications.
Spin‐On‐Patterning of Sn–Pb Perovskite Photodiodes on IGZO Transistor Arrays for Fast Active‐Matrix Near‐Infrared Imaging
Authors: Wang Ya , Chen Changdong , Zou Taoyu , Yan Lizhi , Liu Chuan , Du Xingzhi , Zhang Shengdong , Zhou Hang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFlat‐panel imagers have wide applications in industrial and medical inspections. Nonetheless, large area infrared imaging remains a challenge due to the fact that the state‐of‐the‐art infrared sensors are usually based on silicon or germanium technologies, which are limited by the wafer size. Recent advances in low bandgap Sn–Pb perovskite photodiodes (PDs) and indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) matrix backplane bring new opportunity for developing the large area near‐infrared image sensor. As a proof of concept, a 12 × 12 pixels array with each pixel independently controlled by the gate voltage of a TFT are constructed. Arrays of Sn–Pb based perovskite PDs are spin deposited onto the IGZO TFT drain electrode via self‐assembled patterning process. The low bandgap perovskite PD exhibits a broad spectral response for wavelength from 300 to 1000 nm, featuring a high light to the dark current ratio of ≈104, and a high specific detectivity (D*) of ≈1011 Jones at 850 nm (biased at −0.1 V). The integration takes advantage of the high mobility of IGZO transistors and the high infrared sensitivity of low Sn–Pb perovskite materials, which enables the next generation near‐infrared flat‐panel imager with high frame rate and low operating voltages.
Laser‐Driven Strong‐Field Terahertz Sources
Authors: Fülöp József András , Tzortzakis Stelios , Kampfrath Tobias 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA review on the recent development of intense laser‐driven terahertz (THz) sources is provided here. The technologies discussed include various types of sources based on optical rectification (OR), spintronic emitters, and laser‐filament‐induced plasma. The emphasis is on OR using pump pulses with tilted intensity front. Illustrative examples of newly emerging applications are briefly discussed, in particular strong‐field THz control of materials and acceleration and manipulation of charged particles.
Sodium Plating from Na‐β″‐Alumina Ceramics at Room Temperature, Paving the Way for Fast‐Charging All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Bay Marie‐Claude , Wang Michael , Grissa Rabeb , Heinz Meike V. F. , Sakamoto Jeff , Battaglia Corsin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAll‐solid‐state batteries with an alkali metal anode have the potential to achieve high energy density. However, the onset of dendrite formation limits the maximum plating current density across the solid electrolyte and prevents fast charging. It is shown that the maximum plating current density is related to the interfacial resistance between the solid electrolyte and the metal anode. Due to their high ionic conductivity, low electronic conductivity, and stability against sodium metal, Na‐β″‐alumina ceramics are excellent candidates as electrolytes for room‐temperature all‐solid‐state batteries. Here, it is demonstrated that a heat treatment of Na‐β″‐alumina ceramics in argon atmosphere enables an interfacial resistance <10 Ω cm2 and current densities up to 12 mA cm−2 at room temperature. The current density obtained for Na‐β″‐alumina is ten times higher than that measured on a garnet‐type Li7La3Zr2O12 electrolyte under equivalent conditions. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that eliminating hydroxyl groups and carbon contaminations at the interface between Na‐β″‐alumina and sodium metal is key to reach such values. By comparing the temperature‐dependent stripping/plating behavior of Na‐β″‐alumina and Li7La3Zr2O12, the role of the alkali metal in governing interface kinetics is discussed. This study provides new insights into dendrite formation and paves the way for fast‐charging all‐solid‐state batteries.
All‐Optical Spin–Orbit Coupling of Light in Coherent Media Using Rotating Image
Authors: Zhao Lu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe possibility of all‐optical spin–orbit coupling (SOC) of light is investigated based on a rotating spinor image traveling through an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) medium. It is shown that the paraxial evolution of the spinor image composed of two Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes with different frequencies can be analogous with the quantum dynamics of a spin‐1/2 particle with strong and tunable SOC governed by the Pauli equation, where the spin‐up and ‐down states have different effective masses. Using realistic EIT parameters with cold atoms, both the radial inhomogeneity of the strong control field and the atomic density distribution with comparable size are considered. The results confirm that the large group refractive index varying in the radial dimension mimicking the central potential can greatly enhance the spin–orbit interaction, leading to visible spatial quantization of the oppositely oriented spin states, equivalent to the two LG modes.
Combining Complex and Radial Slave Boson Fields within the Kotliar–Ruckenstein Representation of Correlated Impurities
Authors: Dao Vu Hung , Frésard Raymond 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe gauge symmetry group of any slave boson representation allows to gauge away the phase of bosonic fields. One benefit of this radial field formulation is the elimination of spurious Bose condensations when saddle‐point approximation is performed. Within the Kotliar–Ruckenstein representation, three of the four bosonic fields can be radial while the last one has to remain complex. In this work, the procedure to carry out the functional integration involving constrained fermionic fields, complex bosonic fields, and radial bosonic fields is presented. The correctness of the representation is verified by exactly evaluating the partition function and the Green's function of the Hubbard model in the atomic limit.
Improved Stability and Tunable Functionalization of Parallel β‐Sheets via Multicomponent N‐Alkylation of the Turn Moiety
Authors: Ricardo Manuel G. , Moya Celia G. , Pérez Carlos S. , Porzel Andrea , Wessjohann Ludger A. , Rivera Daniel G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn contrast to the myriad of methods available to produce α‐helices and antiparallel β‐sheets in synthetic peptides, just a few are known for the construction of stable, non‐cyclic parallel β‐sheets. Herein, we report an efficient on‐resin approach for the assembly of parallel β‐sheet peptides in which the N‐alkylated turn moiety enhances the stability and gives access to a variety of functionalizations without modifying the parallel strands. The key synthetic step of this strategy is the multicomponent construction of an N‐alkylated turn using the Ugi reaction on varied isocyano‐resins. This four‐component process assembles the orthogonally protected turn fragment and incorporates handles serving for labeling/conjugation purposes or for reducing peptide aggregation. NMR and circular dichroism analyses confirm the better‐structured and more stable parallel β‐sheets in the N‐alkylated peptides compared to the non‐functionalized variants.
Unravelling the Synergy between Oxygen Vacancies and Oxygen Substitution in BiO2−x for Efficient Molecular‐Oxygen Activation
Authors: Mao Yueshuang , Wang Pengfei , Li Lina , Chen Zongwei , Wang Haitao , Li Yi , Zhan Sihui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDefects in nanomaterials often lead to properties that are absent in their pristine counterparts. To date, most studies have focused on the effect of single defects, while ignoring the synergy of multiple defects. In this study, a model of photocatalytic O2 activation was selected to unravel the role of dual defects by decorating bismuth oxide with surface O vacancies and bulk O substitution simultaneously. The introduction of dual defects led to a spatial and electronic synergistic process: i) O substitution induced a local electric field in the bulk of BiO2−x, which promoted bulk separation of electrons and holes immediately after their generation; ii) O vacancies efficiently lowered the conduction band, served as the capture center for electrons, and thus facilitated the adsorption and activation of O2. This effect was greatly promoted by the coexistence of bulk O substitution, and DFT calculations showed that only O substitution near an O vacancy could have this effect.
Effect of network mesh size and swelling to the drug delivery from pH responsive hydrogels
Authors: Hegab Rachel A. , Pardue Sibile , Shen Xinggui , Kevil Christopher , Peppas Nicholas A. , Caldorera‐Moore Mary E. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTpH responsive hydrogels are ideal platforms for numerous therapeutic delivery applications, including oral delivery, as they are capable of overcoming the many barriers that must be considered when creating an effective drug delivery system. Understanding of the innate hydrogel network structure and its swelling behavior at environmentally relevant conditions is vital for designing hydrogel network capable of effective controlled drug release. Herein, we explored how to expand traditional techniques of swelling and pore characterization to gain better insight into the performance of anionic microparticles composed of the poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐acrylic acid) with varying molar percentage of 10, 20, and 30 mol% of MMA, for controlled release of low‐molecular‐weight drugs. By evaluating these carrier systems at environmental conditions, we can observe changes in swelling and pore size of the anionic hydrogel networks as a function of MMA, which was then correlated with the release profiles of the small‐molecular‐weight drug sodium nitrate. With the correlation of the swelling behavior of the networks and the release profiles, we demonstrated how the expansion of swelling parameters at relevant pH values provides further incite for evaluating for the optimal blend for controlled release. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48767.
Coopetition for sustainability: Between organizational benefit and societal good
Authors: Manzhynski Siarhei , Figge Frank 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSustainable development requires coopetition, that is, the cooperation of organizations that compete at the same time. Research on coopetition for sustainability is sparse. From a sustainability perspective, coopetition contributes to sustainability when it makes a positive contribution on the societal level. Existing research on coopetition however focuses on organizational outcomes. In this paper, we link organizational and societal outcomes of coopetition. We show that for the simple case of two coopting firms and an economic and an environmental dimension, there are 51 different combinations that make a positive contribution to sustainability. All but one of these combinations consist of a mix of positive and negative outcomes. We identify four types of trade‐offs that can occur in coopetition for sustainability and that point to different pathways of achieving sustainability.
Breaking Down the Barriers to a Natural Antiviral Agent: Antiviral Activity and Molecular Docking of Erythrina speciosa Extract, Fractions, and the Major Compound
Authors: Fahmy Nouran M. , Al‐Sayed Eman , Moghannem Saad , Azam Faizul , El‐Shazly Mohamed , Singab Abdel Nasser 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe in vitro cytotoxic activity in Vero cells and the antiviral activity of Erythrina speciosa methanol extract, fractions, and isolated vitexin were studied. The results revealed that E. speciosa leaves ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanol extract (ESLE) was the most active against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1). Bioactivity‐guided fractionation was performed on ESLE to isolate the bioactive compounds responsible for this activity. One sub‐fraction from ESLE (ESLE IV) showed the highest activity against HSV‐1 and Hepatitis A HAV‐H10 viruses. Vitexin isolated from ESLE VI exhibited a significant antiviral activity (EC50=35±2.7 and 18±3.3 μg/mL against HAV‐H10 and HSV‐1 virus, respectively), which was notably greater than the activity of the extract and the fractions. Molecular docking studies were carried out to explore the molecular interactions of vitexin with different macromolecular targets. Analysis of the in silico data together with the in vitro studies validated the antiviral activity associated with vitexin. These outcomes indicated that vitexin is a potential candidate to be utilized commendably in lead optimization for the development of antiviral agents.
Outcomes of subintimal plaque modification in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Xenogiannis Iosif , Choi James W. , Alaswad Khaldoon , Khatri Jaikirshan J. , Doing Anthony H. , Dattilo Phil , Jaffer Farouc A. , Uretsky Barry , Krestyaninov Oleg , Khelimskii Dmitrii , Patel Mitul , Mahmud Ehtisham , Potluri Srinivasa , Koutouzis Michalis , Tsiafoutis Ioannis , Jaber Wissam , Samady Habib , Jefferson Brian K. , Patel Taral , Megaly Michael S. , Hall Allison B. , Vemmou Evangelia , Nikolakopoulos Ilias , Rangan Bavana V. , Abdullah Shuaib , Garcia Santiago , Banerjee Subhash , Burke M. Nicholas , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhen crossing into the distal true lumen fails during chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), subintimal plaque modification (SPM) is often performed to restore antegrade flow and facilitate subsequent lesion recanalization.MethodsBetween January 2012 and May 4, 2019, 4,659 CTO PCIs were included in the PROGRESS‐CTO registry, of which 935 (20%) had a prior unsuccessful attempt. Of those 935 patients, 119 (13%) had prior SPM. We analyzed the outcomes of the 58 SPM procedures for which data were available, as well as the outcomes of the 60 subsequent CTO PCI attempts.ResultsMean patient age was 67 ± 9 years and 86% were men. Patients had high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia (91%), hypertension (93%) diabetes (48%), prior PCI (61%), and prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery (47%). The target CTO lesions often had proximal cap ambiguity (54%), moderate/severe calcification (73%), moderate/severe tortuosity (63%), and high J‐CTO score (mean 3.2 ± 1.1). The technical and procedural success of subsequent CTO PCI were high (83% for both) with an acceptable rate of in‐hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (3.3%). Technical and procedural success were higher for repeat attempts that were performed ≥60 days after the index CTO PCI (94% vs. 69%, p = .015). Median (interquartile range) subsequent procedure time was 147 (100, 215) min, contrast volume was 185 (150, 260) ml, and air kerma radiation dose was 2.5 (1.4, 4.2) Gray.ConclusionRepeat CTO PCI attempts after SPM are associated with high likelihood for successful revascularization with acceptable risks.
Neonatal melioidosis case reports—Lessons learned
Authors: Daim Sylvia , Barnad Ester , Johnny Victor , Suleiman Maria , Jikal Muhammad , Chua Tock Hing , Rundi Christina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn endemic regions, include melioidosis in the routine differential diagnosis of neonates with respiratory distress, and consider early empirical ceftazidime treatment for neonates with worsening respiratory distress.
Syphilitic hepatitis: Case report of an overlooked condition
Authors: Marcos Pedro , Eliseu Liliana , Henrique Martinha , Vasconcelos Helena 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSyphilis is an overlooked cause of hepatitis. Syphilitic hepatitis should be a differential diagnosis in all patients with abnormal liver biochemical marker levels. Syphilitic hepatitis has been defined as the combination of increased liver enzymes, positive serology for syphilis, the absence of alternative causes for hepatobiliary injury, and liver enzyme improvement with proper antibiotic therapy.
Facile CO Oxidation on Oxygen‐functionalized MXenes via the Mars‐van Krevelen Mechanism
Authors: Tahini Hassan A. , Tan Xin , Smith Sean C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAb initio screening of 2D MXenes was performed to identify potentially active candidates for CO oxidation. Unlike single‐atom catalysts or metal nanoclusters on reducible metal oxides, we find that a number of oxygen terminated MXenes can intrinsically facilitate the CO oxidation via lattice oxygen participation, also known as the Mars‐van Krevelen mechanism. The promising candidates Cr3C2O2, V3C2O2, Sc3C2O2 and Mo3C2O2 are predicted to have very favorable reaction steps, and as they are not made from any noble metals, they have the potential of offering an alternative to the currently used noble metal alloy catalysts. This work offers design strategies based on linking intrinsic electronic properties of the sorbent to its ability to participate in lattice mediated CO oxidation.
Hexagonal and Cubic Boron Nitride in Bulk and Nanosized Forms and Their Capacitive Behavior
Authors: Vyskočil Jan , Mayorga‐Martinez Carmen C. , Szőkölová Kateřina , Sofer Zdeněk , Pumera Martin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTwo‐dimensional materials have attracted due to their remarkable optical, electrical, and chemical properties in different crystalline forms. Hexagonal and cubic boron nitride (BN) and their nanostructured forms are compared in respect to their capacitive behavior in different electrolytes. We found that hexagonal BN nanosheets exhibited the highest gravimetric capacitance compared with its bulk and with the cubic BN (bulk and nanosheets) counterpart. The higher capacity originates from the larger surface of nanosized sample and is related to it crystal structure as well. These materials can be beneficial in energy storage applications when forming electrode of supercapacitors, where high energy density is required.
Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Transmission electron microscopy—TEM
Authors: Braidy Nadi , Béchu Aude , de Souza Terra Júlio C. , Patience Gregory S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThanks to an accelerating voltage in the range of 30 to 300 kV, an electron beam can pass through a thin specimen and form an image with sub‐Ångström spatial resolution. When impinging on a thin crystalline specimen, the fast electrons scatter and diffract. The transmitted electron pattern depends on the local thickness, density, crystal structure, and chemical nature of the sample. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) shapes the incoming electron beam using magnetic lenses onto the specimen and, using a different set of magnetic lenses, focuses the projected electron pattern to a camera. The final image magnification and contrast are controlled using the parameters from the electron gun, apertures positioned along the optical path, and magnetic lenses. With this combination of lens and aperture, TEM offers two possible modes of operation: (a) imaging, including high‐resolution electron microscopy to reveal the size, shape, crystallinity, and morphology of materials; and (b) diffraction, to determine the crystalline nature of a region of interest of a thin film, particle, or collection of particles. Chemical engineers have taken advantage of both of these modes to analyze their samples and inform their research. A bibliometric study conducted using the WoS database places TEM as one of the preferred microscopy tools to study advanced materials such as thin films, nanomaterials, and composites used in particular for the development of applications related to energy storage and conversion (catalysis, photocatalysis, electrochemistry, and batteries) and environment (adsorption, waste‐water treatment, and filtration).
NHC‐catalyzed Redox‐Neutral Aza‐Benzoin Reaction of Aldehydes with Tetrahydroisoquinolines
Authors: Jiang Di , Wu Zijun , Wang Jian 
Published: December 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionTetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives are useful synthetic intermediates, which play an important role in the preparation of natural products, pharmaceuticals and other materials. Herein, we report an unprecedented redox‐neutral aza‐benzoin protocol to construct such scaffold. Upon exposure of tetrahydroisoquinolines to aromatic aldehydes in the presence of an NHC catalyst, the C‐1 acylated tetrahydroisoquinolines were obtained in moderate to good yields.