bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimulación cerebral profunda bilateral para distonía cervical refractaria en el Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio de Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Pérez Perilla Patricia , Zorro Guío Óscar 
Published: February 2020

La estimulación cerebral profunda (ECP) es una alternativa de manejo para los pacientes con distonía cervical, un síndrome de etiología múltiple, de presentación variada e incapacitante y refractario al manejo médico, que incluye la toxina botulínica. El artículo presenta el caso de una mujer de 56 años de edad con distonía cervical manifiesta con retrócolis e hiperextensión de columna dorsal, de cuatro años de evolución, considerada refractaria al tratamiento y con indicación de ECP.
Citoqueratina 19, p63 y CD56 en la evaluación de carcinoma papilar de tiroides cuando la morfología no es clara: experiencia en el Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio
Authors: Bolívar Isabel C. , Rodríguez Jorge L. , Jaramillo García Luis Fernando , Mejía Maddy 
Published: February 2020

El diagnóstico de carcinoma papilar (CP) de tiroides se realiza, en la gran mayoría de casos, teniendo en cuenta los hallazgos histopatológicos en hematoxilina eosina, pero cuando la morfología no es clara o la variante está encapsulada, se dificulta el diagnóstico; además, algunos cambios hiperplásicos floridos pueden confundir al patólogo y llevarlo a un diagnóstico erróneo. Diferentes estudios han demostrado que el uso de marcadores de inmunohistoquímica puede llegar a ser útil en casos en que el diagnóstico se dificulta. Se revisó la expresión de CK19, CD56 y p63 en CP y en lesiones foliculares neoplásicas no papilares y no neoplásicas. Se seleccionaron 29 casos de CP, incluidas diferentes variantes y 31 casos de patología tiroidea que no correspondieran a CP. El 100 % de los CP mostró positividad fuerte y difusa para CK19, y el 88 % mostró negatividad con CD56. Solo el 64 % de todos los CP mostraron positividad focal y selectiva nuclear con p63. El 100 % de los casos de patología tiroidea no CP mostró positividad fuerte y difusa para CD56 y negatividad con CK19. Con este estudio se corrobora lo encontrado en estudios previos: el uso de CK19 y CD56 es una herramienta útil en el diagnóstico de CP cuando la morfología no es clara.
Glioma del tallo cerebral metastásico en pediatría: revisión y reporte de un caso
Authors: Castaño González Alexandra , Angarita Ribero Claudia Tatiana , Guzmán Cruz Paula Carolina 
Published: February 2020

En este artículo se presenta el caso de un bebé de 33 meses de edad con pobre ganancia pondoestatural, alteraciones en la marcha y deglución, en quien se documentaron masas en el bulbo raquídeo y la médula espinal, trombosis del seno venoso transverso izquierdo y metástasis medulares lumbosacras y en T10. Se diagnosticó glioma de tallo cerebral metastásico irresecable y se inició quimioterapia y radioterapia, con una sobrevida mayor a tres años, hasta el momento.
Gliomatosis cerebri: reporte de caso
Authors: Cabrera Méndez María Paula , Laverde Zerda Santiago , Acevedo González Juan Carlos , Zorro Óscar , Berbeo Calderón Miguel Enrique , Díaz Roberto Carlos , Feo Lee Óscar 
Published: February 2020

La gliomatosis cerebri es una neoplasia cerebral poco común, que se caracteriza por una infiltración difusa del tejido cerebral, sin formación de masa tumoral. Generalmente, se manifiesta con sintomatología neurológica inespecífica, que depende de la localización de la lesión. Es de difícil diagnóstico, tanto clínico como imagenológico, y puede ser difícil diferenciarla de un amplio número de diagnósticos. En la actualidad no se cuenta con una estrategia terapéutica óptima y el pronóstico de los pacientes con esta enfermedad es muy poco favorable. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 17 años de edad que desarrolló esta enfermedad, seguido de una revisión de la literatura dispeonible.
Síndrome de Treacher Collins: revisión de tema y presentación de caso
Authors: Leyva Juan Carlos , Mallarino Restrepo Gonzalo 
Published: February 2020

El síndrome de Treacher Collins (STC) es un trastorno craneofacial congénito de herencia autosómica dominante. La incidencia del STC es de 1 en 25.000 a 50.000 nacidos vivos. Es causado por mutaciones en el gen encargado de producir la proteína treacle. Está caracterizado por hipoplasia malar y pliegue antimongoloide de los párpados. El diagnóstico es clínico. El tratamiento requiere un acercamiento conjunto de varias especialidades. Se realiza una breve revisión de tema y se presenta el caso de una paciente con diagnóstico de STC, quien recibió tratamiento en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio.
Feocromocitoma y manejo anestésico perioperatorio: reporte de caso
Authors: Novoa Pineda Esther Clemencia , Segura Juan Camilo 
Published: February 2020

El feocromocitoma es un tumor originario del tejido cromafin, cuya sintomatología está relacionada con el exceso de catecolaminas. La incidencia en la población general es de 1-8 casos/millón. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 52 años de edad con feocromocitoma maligno. Es la primera vez que se realiza en el Hospital San Rafael de Tunja una adrenalectomía por vía laparoscópica.
An Economic Model Predictive Control Approach for Wind Power Smoothing and Tower Load Mitigation
Authors: Shaltout Mohamed L. , Alhneaish Mohamed M. , Metwalli Sayed M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Wind power intermittency represents one of the major challenges facing the future growth of grid-connected wind energy projects. The integration of wind turbines and energy storage systems (ESS) provides a viable approach to mitigate the unfavorable impact on grid stability and power quality. In this study, an economic model predictive control (MPC) framework is presented for an integrated wind turbine and flywheel energy storage system (FESS). The control objective is to smooth wind power output and mitigate tower fatigue load. The optimal control problem within the model predictive control framework has been formulated as a convex optimal control problem with linear dynamics and convex constraints that can be solved globally. The performance of the proposed control algorithm is compared to that of a baseline wind turbine controller. The effect of the proposed control actions on the fatigue loads acting on the tower and blades is investigated. The simulation results, with various wind scenarios, showed the ability of the proposed control algorithm to achieve the aforementioned objectives in terms of smoothing output power and mitigating tower fatigue load with negligible effect on the wind energy harvested.
Quintessence behavior via matter creation cosmology
Authors: Singh C. P. , Kumar Ajay 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe study the matter creation cosmology as an alternative theory to explain the dark energy phenomena. We discuss the matter-dominated Universe in a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker line element by adopting the thermodynamics of open systems, in which the matter creation irreversible processes may take place at a cosmological scale. We propose a new form of the matter creation rate, $$\varGamma =3\alpha H_0+3\beta H+3\gamma \; \frac{\ddot{a}}{{\dot{a}}}$$Γ=3αH0+3βH+3γa¨a˙, which generalizes some of the previous models in the literature. Exact solutions of the field equations are found and discussed the evolution of the Universe. Constraints on the model parameters are obtained from Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis using the Supernova distance modulus data, observational measurements of Hubble parameter, Baryon acoustic oscillation data. The trajectories of the evolution of the scale factor, deceleration parameter and equation of state parameter are plotted by using best-fit values of the parameters. It is observed that the model shows accelerating behavior and behaves quintessence like ($$\omega >-1$$ω>-1). The age of the Universe is obtained which is in good agreement with $$\varLambda $$ΛCDM model. We examine the model using two independent diagnostic parameters, namely statefinder and $$\textit{Om}$$Om. We apply Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) to discriminate the model based on the penalization associated to the number of parameters. The analysis shows that the model has close resemblance to the $$\varLambda CDM$$ΛCDM cosmology. We also discuss the thermodynamics of the model and find that the model satisfies the generalized second law of thermodynamics with certain constraints.
Steinernema riojaense n. sp., a new entomopathogenic nematode (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) from Spain
Authors: Půža Vladimír , Campos-Herrera Raquel , Blanco-Pérez Rubén , Jakubíková Hedvika , Vicente-Díez Ignacio , Nermuť Jiří 
Published: February 2020

Summary
A new species of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema riojaense n. sp., was isolated during a survey in La Rioja province of Spain. Morphological and morphometric traits place the new species in the glaseri-group, which is characterised by having the largest infective juvenile (IJ) with an average body length in excess of 1000 μm. The IJ of S. riojaense n. sp. possess a body length of 1043 (869-1172) μm, the lateral fields are formed by eight equally spaced and developed ridges (nine incisures) in the mid-body region, giving the formula 2, 6, 8, 4, the excretory pore is located posterior to the mid-pharynx region (D% = 58), and the hyaline region occupies ca half of the tail length. The male spicules are moderately curved with a sharp tip and are golden-brown in colour with the manubrium elongate and having a length to width ratio of 1.7:1. The first-generation male tail is non-mucronate, whereas a small papilla-like mucron is developed in the second generation. There are 11 pairs of genital papillae plus a single precloacal papilla. The first-generation female possesses a moderately protruding vulva and a slightly protruding postanal swelling. The second-generation female possesses a slightly protruding vulva and a postanal swelling. The new species is further characterised by sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial 28S regions (D2-D3) of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Phylogenetic analyses confirm that S. riojaense n. sp. belongs to the glaseri-group and forms a monophyletic subclade with other European species.
Derivation of a procedural performance checklist for ultrasound-guided femoral arterial line placement using the modified Delphi method
Authors: Baez Jessica , Powell Elizabeth , Leo Megan , Stolz Uwe , Stolz Lori 
Published: February 2020

Background: Many specialties utilize procedural performance checklists as an aid to teach residents and other learners. Procedural checklists ensure that the critical steps of the desired procedure are performed in a specified manner every time. Valid measures of competency are needed to evaluate learners and ensure a standard quality of care. The objective of this study was to employ the modified Delphi method to derive a procedural checklist for use during placement of ultrasound-guided femoral arterial access. Methods: A 27-item procedural checklist was provided to 14 experts from three acute care specialties. Using the modified Delphi method, the checklist was serially modified based on expert feedback. Results: Three rounds of the study were performed resulting in a final 23-item checklist. Each item on the checklist received at least 70% expert agreement on its inclusion in the final checklist. Conclusion: A procedural performance checklist was created for ultrasound-guided femoral arterial access using the modified Delphi method. This is an objective tool to assist procedural training and competency assessment in a variety of clinical and educational settings.
Ezetimibe promotes CYP7A1 and modulates PPARs as a compensatory mechanism in LDL receptor-deficient hamsters
Authors: Xia Bin , Lin Ping , Ji Yubin , Yin Jiayu , Wang Jin , Yang Xiaoqian , Li Ting , Yang Zixun , Li Fahui , Guo Shoudong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The LDL-C lowering effect of ezetimibe has been attributed primarily to increased catabolism of LDL-C via up-regulation of LDL receptor (LDLR) and decreased cholesterol absorption. Recently, ezetimibe has been demonstrated to have reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) promoting effects in mice, hamsters and humans. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not clear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether ezetimibe improves RCT-related protein expression in LDLR−/− hamsters.

Methods
A high-fat diet was used to induce a human-like hyperlipidemia in LDLR−/− hamsters. Lipid profiles were assayed by commercially available kits, and the effects of ezetimibe on lipid metabolism-related protein expression were carried out via western blot.

Results
Our data demonstrated that ezetimibe administration significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol (~ 51.6% reduction, P < 0.01) and triglyceride (from ~ 884.1 mg/dL to ~ 277.3 mg/dL) levels in LDLR−/− hamsters fed a high-fat diet. Ezetimibe administration (25 mg/kg/d) significantly promoted the protein expression of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase A1 (CYP7A1), LXRβ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ; and down-regulated the protein expression of PPARα and PPARβ. However, it showed no significant effect on sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c, SREBP-2, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1), and ATP-biding cassette (ABC) G5/G8.

Conclusion
Ezetimibe may accelerate the transformation from cholesterol to bile acid via promoting CYP7A1 and thereby enhance RCT. As a compensatory mechanism of TG lowering, ezetimibe promoted the protein expression of PPARγ and decreased PPARα and β. These results are helpful in explaining the lipid-lowering effects of ezetimibe and the potential compensatory mechanisms.
Squamous cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid differentiation or carcinosarcoma of the uterine cervix associated with HPV33 infection: report of a rare case
Authors: Hrudka Jan , Rosová Blanka , Halaška Michael J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the uterine cervix with a well-documented link to infection with human papillomaviruses (HPV). According to a recent classification, there are several morphological variants of cervical squamous carcinoma, without reference to sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma, which is well described in other organs.

Case presentation
In this paper, we describe an extremely rare case of a 77-year-old woman with primary malignant cervical tumor displaying biphasic histomorphology with an epithelioid and sarcomatoid part; the latter was immunohistochemistry positive for cytokeratin and vimentin. The association with a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and molecular proof of HPV33 infection in the tumor tissue supported our diagnosis of carcinoma with partial sarcomatoid differentiation.

Conclusion
We report a rare case of a primary cervical epithelial tumor with a partial sarcomatoid phenotype, an unequivocal HPV infection, and an associated precancerous lesion in the cervical mucosa. This is the first description of an HPV33 infection underlying a biphasic epithelioid-sarcomatous tumor of the uterine cervix. The terminology overlap between sarcomatoid carcinoma and carcinosarcoma is also discussed.
Segmentation of roots in soil with U-Net
Authors: Smith Abraham George , Petersen Jens , Selvan Raghavendra , Rasmussen Camilla Ruø 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Plant root research can provide a way to attain stress-tolerant crops that produce greater yield in a diverse array of conditions. Phenotyping roots in soil is often challenging due to the roots being difficult to access and the use of time consuming manual methods. Rhizotrons allow visual inspection of root growth through transparent surfaces. Agronomists currently manually label photographs of roots obtained from rhizotrons using a line-intersect method to obtain root length density and rooting depth measurements which are essential for their experiments. We investigate the effectiveness of an automated image segmentation method based on the U-Net Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture to enable such measurements. We design a data-set of 50 annotated chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) root images which we use to train, validate and test the system and compare against a baseline built using the Frangi vesselness filter. We obtain metrics using manual annotations and line-intersect counts.

Results
Our results on the held out data show our proposed automated segmentation system to be a viable solution for detecting and quantifying roots. We evaluate our system using 867 images for which we have obtained line-intersect counts, attaining a Spearman rank correlation of 0.9748 and an $$r^2$$r2 of 0.9217. We also achieve an $$F_1$$F1 of 0.7 when comparing the automated segmentation to the manual annotations, with our automated segmentation system producing segmentations with higher quality than the manual annotations for large portions of the image.

Conclusion
We have demonstrated the feasibility of a U-Net based CNN system for segmenting images of roots in soil and for replacing the manual line-intersect method. The success of our approach is also a demonstration of the feasibility of deep learning in practice for small research groups needing to create their own custom labelled dataset from scratch.
Characterising a human endogenous retrovirus(HERV)-derived tumour-associated antigen: enriched RNA-Seq analysis of HERV-K(HML-2) in mantle cell lymphoma cell lines
Authors: Tatkiewicz Witold , Dickie James , Bedford Franchesca , Jones Alexander , Atkin Mark , Kiernan Michele , Maze Emmanuel Atangana , Agit Bora , Farnham Garry , Kanapin Alexander , Belshaw Robert 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The cell-surface attachment protein (Env) of the HERV-K(HML-2) lineage of endogenous retroviruses is a potentially attractive tumour-associated antigen for anti-cancer immunotherapy. The human genome contains around 100 integrated copies (called proviruses or loci) of the HERV-K(HML-2) virus and we argue that it is important for therapy development to know which and how many of these contribute to protein expression, and how this varies across tissues. We measured relative provirus expression in HERV-K(HML-2), using enriched RNA-Seq analysis with both short- and long-read sequencing, in three Mantle Cell Lymphoma cell lines (JVM2, Granta519 and REC1). We also confirmed expression of the Env protein in two of our cell lines using Western blotting, and analysed provirus expression data from all other relevant published studies.

Results
Firstly, in both our and other reanalysed studies, approximately 10% of the transcripts mapping to HERV-K(HML-2) came from Env-encoding proviruses. Secondly, in one cell line the majority of the protein expression appears to come from one provirus (12q14.1). Thirdly, we find a strong tissue-specific pattern of provirus expression.

Conclusions
A possible dependency of Env expression on a single provirus, combined with the earlier observation that this provirus is not present in all individuals and a general pattern of tissue-specific expression among proviruses, has serious implications for future HERV-K(HML-2)-targeted immunotherapy. Further research into HERV-K(HML-2) as a possible tumour-associated antigen in blood cancers requires a more targeted, proteome-based, screening protocol that will consider these polymorphisms within HERV-K(HML-2). We include a plan (and necessary alignments) for such work.
Insight Into the Ontogeny of GnRH Neurons From Patients Born Without a Nose
Authors: Delaney Angela , Volochayev Rita , Meader Brooke , Lee Janice , Almpani Konstantinia , Noukelak Germaine Y , Henkind Jennifer , Chalmers Laura , Law Jennifer R , Williamson Kathleen A , Jacobsen Christina M , Buitrago Tatiana Pineda , Perez Orlando , Cho Chie-Hee , Kaindl Angela , Rauch Anita , Steindl Katharina , Garcia Jose Elias , Russell Bianca E , Prasad Rameshwar , Mondal Uttam K , Reigstad Hallvard M , Clements Scott , Kim Susan , Inoue Kaoru , Arora Gazal , Salnikov Kathryn B , DiOrio Nicole P , Prada Rolando , Capri Yline , Morioka Kosuke , Mizota Michiyo , Zechi-Ceide Roseli M , Kokitsu-Nakata Nancy M , Tonello Cristiano , Vendramini-Pittoli Siulan , da Silva Dalben Gisele , Balasubramanian Ravikumar , Dwyer Andrew A , Seminara Stephanie B , Crowley William F , Plummer Lacey , Hall Janet E , Graham John M , Lin Angela E , Shaw Natalie D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Context
The reproductive axis is controlled by a network of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons born in the primitive nose that migrate to the hypothalamus alongside axons of the olfactory system. The observation that congenital anosmia (inability to smell) is often associated with GnRH deficiency in humans led to the prevailing view that GnRH neurons depend on olfactory structures to reach the brain, but this hypothesis has not been confirmed.

Objective
The objective of this work is to determine the potential for normal reproductive function in the setting of completely absent internal and external olfactory structures.

Methods
We conducted comprehensive phenotyping studies in 11 patients with congenital arhinia. These studies were augmented by review of medical records and study questionnaires in another 40 international patients.

Results
All male patients demonstrated clinical and/or biochemical signs of GnRH deficiency, and the 5 men studied in person had no luteinizing hormone (LH) pulses, suggesting absent GnRH activity. The 6 women studied in person also had apulsatile LH profiles, yet 3 had spontaneous breast development and 2 women (studied from afar) had normal breast development and menstrual cycles, suggesting a fully intact reproductive axis. Administration of pulsatile GnRH to 2 GnRH-deficient patients revealed normal pituitary responsiveness but gonadal failure in the male patient.

Conclusions
Patients with arhinia teach us that the GnRH neuron, a key gatekeeper of the reproductive axis, is associated with but may not depend on olfactory structures for normal migration and function, and more broadly, illustrate the power of extreme human phenotypes in answering fundamental questions about human embryology.
Vitamin D: Newer Concepts of Its Metabolism and Function at the Basic and Clinical Level
Authors: Bikle Daniel D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The interest in vitamin D continues unabated with thousands of publications contributing to a vast and growing literature each year. It is widely recognized that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the enzymes that metabolize vitamin D are found in many cells, not just those involved with calcium and phosphate homeostasis. In this mini review I have focused primarily on recent studies that provide new insights into vitamin D metabolism, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications. In particular, I examine how mutations in vitamin D metabolizing enzymes—and new information on their regulation—links vitamin D metabolism into areas such as metabolism and diseases outside that of the musculoskeletal system. New information regarding the mechanisms governing the function of the VDR elucidates how this molecule can be so multifunctional in a cell-specific fashion. Clinically, the difficulty in determining vitamin D sufficiency for all groups is addressed, including a discussion of whether the standard measure of vitamin D sufficiency, total 25OHD (25 hydroxyvitamin) levels, may not be the best measure—at least by itself. Finally, several recent large clinical trials exploring the role of vitamin D supplementation in nonskeletal diseases are briefly reviewed, with an eye toward what questions they answered and what new questions they raised.