bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First principle insights of NO2 detection via III-V nitride nanoribbons with armchair edges
Authors: Yogi Rachana , Jaiswal Neeraj K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The development of low-dimensional and robust nano-sensors is an area of potential research and development. In this direction, here, we investigated the sensing of NO2 gas molecules adsorbed on the edges of III-V nitride nanoribbons with armchair edges (AXNNR, X = B/Al/Ga). Five different adsorption sites are considered for the adsorption of NO2 molecules and the adsorption assisted modulation of electronic and transport properties has been observed for detection purpose. Interestingly, a semiconducting to metallic transition has been noticed in considered AXNNR due to NO2 interaction. The selectivity of NO2 with respect to N2 is found to be higher as compared to that of O2. Further, some of the selected structures exhibit an interesting negative differential resistance (NDR) phenomenon which suggest that NO2 adsorbed AXNNR could also be useful for designing of the fast switching devices and oscillators applications.
The setting aside and enforcement of intra-EU investment arbitration awards after Achmea
Authors: Scheu Julian , Nikolov Petyo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
By rendering its preliminary ruling in Achmea v Slovakia, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) declared intra-EU investment treaty arbitration to be incompatible with fundamental principles of the European legal order. This decision does not only illustrate the challenge of regime interaction in international economic law but is also of highest practical relevance. Diverse and critical reactions from arbitral practice and legal scholarship suggest that it will ultimately be up to the courts within and outside of the EU to clarify how the ECJ’s findings in Achmea relate to the legal fate of arbitral awards. Against this background, the aim of the present contribution is to shed light on the judgment’s legal consequences on the post-award phase. As a starting point, an analysis of the judgment finds that the ECJ’s reasoning in Achmea is applicable to investor–State dispute resolution (ISDS) clauses contained in all intra-EU investment treaties, including the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) when applied in an intra-EU context (Section 2). Based on these findings, we evaluate how the incompatibility of intra-EU investment treaty arbitration with the law of the European Union (EU law) affects setting aside proceedings (Section 3) and applications for recognition and enforcement of awards (Section 4) within and outside of the EU. We show that possible solutions may range from fully enforcing intra-EU investment awards to completely disregarding any legal effect. Evaluating the complex legal landscape applicable to both types of proceedings clearly illustrates that there is no simple ‘yes-or-no’ rule. Instead, factors such as the applicability of the ICSID Convention, the seat of the arbitral tribunal or the jurisdiction in which enforcement is sought are relevant but should not be considered in isolation. Instead, it is concluded that these factors must be considered as inter-related aspects of an analytical framework which may lead to a coherent understanding of the relationship between the European legal order and the settlement of intra-EU investment disputes (Section 5).
MDIPA: a microRNA–drug interaction prediction approach based on non-negative matrix factorization
Authors: Jamali Ali Akbar , Kusalik Anthony , Wu Fang-Xiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMotivationEvidence has shown that microRNAs, one type of small biomolecule, regulate the expression level of genes and play an important role in the development or treatment of diseases. Drugs, as important chemical compounds, can interact with microRNAs and change their functions. The experimental identification of microRNA–drug interactions is time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, it is appealing to develop effective computational approaches for predicting microRNA–drug interactions.ResultsIn this study, a matrix factorization-based method, called the microRNA–drug interaction prediction approach (MDIPA), is proposed for predicting unknown interactions among microRNAs and drugs. Specifically, MDIPA utilizes experimentally validated interactions between drugs and microRNAs, drug similarity and microRNA similarity to predict undiscovered interactions. A path-based microRNA similarity matrix is constructed, while the structural information of drugs is used to establish a drug similarity matrix. To evaluate its performance, our MDIPA is compared with four state-of-the-art prediction methods with an independent dataset and cross-validation. The results of both evaluation methods confirm the superior performance of MDIPA over other methods. Finally, the results of molecular docking in a case study with breast cancer confirm the efficacy of our approach. In conclusion, MDIPA can be effective in predicting potential microRNA–drug interactions.Availability and implementationAll code and data are freely available from https://github.com/AliJam82/MDIPA.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Origins of atrophy in Parkinson linked to early onset and local transcription patterns
Authors: Maia Pedro D , Pandya Sneha , Freeze Benjamin , Torok Justin , Gupta Ajay , Zeighami Yashar , Raj Ashish 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
There is enormous clinical value in inferring the brain regions initially atrophied in Parkinson disease for individual patients and understanding its relationship with clinical and genetic risk factors. The aim of this study is to leverage a new seed-inference algorithm demonstrated for Alzheimer’s disease to the Parkinsonian context and to cluster patients in meaningful subgroups based on these incipient atrophy patterns. Instead of testing brain regions separately as the likely initiation site for each patient, we solve an L1-penalized optimization problem that can return a more predictive heterogeneous, multi-locus seed patterns. A cluster analysis of the individual seed patterns reveals two distinct subgroups (S1 versus S2). The S1 subgroup is characterized by the involvement of the brainstem and ventral nuclei, and S2 by cortex and striatum. Post hoc analysis in features not included in the clustering shows significant differences between subgroups regarding age of onset and local transcriptional patterns of Parkinson-related genes. Top genes associated with regional microglial abundance are strongly associated with subgroup S1 but not with S2. Our results suggest two distinct aetiological mechanisms operative in Parkinson disease. The interplay between immune-related genes, lysosomal genes, microglial abundance and atrophy initiation sites may explain why the age of onset for patients in S1 is on average 4.5 years later than for those in S2. We highlight and compare the most prominently affected brain regions for both subgroups. Altogether, our findings may improve current screening strategies for early Parkinson onsetters.
Oxytocin and elderly MRI-based hippocampus and amygdala volume: a 7-year follow-up study
Authors: Orihashi Ryuzo , Mizoguchi Yoshito , Imamura Yoshiomi , Yamada Shigeto , Ueno Takefumi , Monji Akira 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Oxytocin is deeply involved in human relations. In recent years, it is becoming clear that oxytocin is also involved in social cognition and social behaviour. Oxytocin receptors are also thought to be present in the hippocampus and amygdala, and the relationship between oxytocin and the structure and function of the hippocampus and amygdala has been reported. However, a few studies have investigated oxytocin and its relationship to hippocampus and amygdala volume in elderly people. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between serum oxytocin levels and hippocampus and amygdala volume in elderly people. The survey was conducted twice in Kurokawa-cho, Imari, Saga Prefecture, Japan, among people aged 65 years and older. We collected data from 596 residents. Serum oxytocin level measurements, brain MRI, Mini–Mental State Examination and Clinical Dementia Rating were performed in Time 1 (2009–11). Follow-up brain MRI, Mini–Mental State Examination and Clinical Dementia Rating were performed in Time 2 (2016–17). The interval between Time 1 and Time 2 was about 7 years. Fifty-eight participants (14 men, mean age 72.36 ± 3.41 years, oxytocin 0.042 ± 0.052 ng/ml; 44 women, mean age 73.07 ± 4.38 years, oxytocin 0.123 ± 0.130 ng/ml) completed this study. We analysed the correlation between serum oxytocin levels (Time 1) and brain volume (Time 1, Time 2 and Times 1–2 difference) using voxel-based morphometry implemented with Statistical Parametric Mapping. Analysis at the cluster level (family-wise error; P &lt; 0.05) showed a positive correlation between serum oxytocin levels (Time 1) and brain volume of the region containing the left hippocampus and amygdala (Time 2). This result suggests that oxytocin in people aged 65 years and older may be associated with aging-related changes in hippocampus and amygdala volume.
Maternal Obesity and Risk of Early-onset Neonatal Bacterial Sepsis: Nationwide Cohort and Sibling-controlled Studies
Authors: Villamor Eduardo , Norman Mikael , Johansson Stefan , Cnattingius Sven 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMaternal overweight and obesity are related to risks of pregnancy and delivery complications that, in turn, are associated with newborn infections. We examined the associations between early pregnancy body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) and risk of early-onset neonatal bacterial sepsis (EOS).MethodsWe conducted a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study of 1 971 346 live singleton infants born in Sweden between 1997 and 2016. Outcome was a culture-confirmed EOS diagnosis. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) of EOS according to BMI using proportional hazard models, and identified potential mediators. Among term infants, we conducted sibling-controlled analyses.ResultsEOS risk per 1000 live births was 1.48; 0.76 in term and 15.52 in preterm infants. Compared with infants of normal-weight mothers (BMI, 18.5–24.9), the adjusted HR (95% confidence interval [CI]) of EOS for BMI categories &lt;18.5, 25.0–29.9, 30.0–34.9, 35.0–39.9, and ≥40.0 were, respectively, 1.07 (.83–1.40), 1.19 (1.08–1.32), 1.70 (1.49–1.94), 2.11 (1.73–2.58), and 2.50 (1.86–3.38). Maternal overweight and obesity increased the risk of EOS by group B Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Half of the association was mediated through preeclampsia, cesarean section delivery, and preterm delivery. A dose-response association was consistently apparent in term infants only. In sibling-controlled analyses, every kilogram per meter squared interpregnancy BMI change was associated with a mean 8.3% increase in EOS risk (95% CI, 1.7%–15.3%; P = .01).ConclusionsRisk of EOS increases with maternal overweight and obesity severity, particularly in term infants.
Reconstruction of Transmission Pairs for Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Mainland China: Estimation of Superspreading Events, Serial Interval, and Hazard of Infection
Authors: Xu Xiao-Ke , Liu Xiao Fan , Wu Ye , Ali Sheikh Taslim , Du Zhanwei , Bosetti Paolo , Lau Eric H Y , Cowling Benjamin J , Wang Lin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge on the epidemiological features and transmission patterns of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is accumulating. Detailed line-list data with household settings can advance the understanding of COVID-19 transmission dynamics.MethodsA unique database with detailed demographic characteristics, travel history, social relationships, and epidemiological timelines for 1407 transmission pairs that formed 643 transmission clusters in mainland China was reconstructed from 9120 COVID-19 confirmed cases reported during 15 January–29 February 2020. Statistical model fittings were used to identify the superspreading events and estimate serial interval distributions. Age- and sex-stratified hazards of infection were estimated for household vs nonhousehold transmissions.ResultsThere were 34 primary cases identified as superspreaders, with 5 superspreading events occurred within households. Mean and standard deviation of serial intervals were estimated as 5.0 (95% credible interval [CrI], 4.4–5.5) days and 5.2 (95% CrI, 4.9–5.7) days for household transmissions and 5.2 (95% CrI, 4.6–5.8) and 5.3 (95% CrI, 4.9–5.7) days for nonhousehold transmissions, respectively. The hazard of being infected outside of households is higher for people aged 18–64 years, whereas hazard of being infected within households is higher for young and old people.ConclusionsNonnegligible frequency of superspreading events, short serial intervals, and a higher risk of being infected outside of households for male people of working age indicate a significant barrier to the identification and management of COVID-19 cases, which requires enhanced nonpharmaceutical interventions to mitigate this pandemic.
Interference and Coverage Modeling for Indoor Terahertz Communications with Beamforming Antennas
Authors: Wang Chao-Chao , Wang Wan-Liang , Yao Xin-Wei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A general framework to investigate the interference and coverage probability is proposed in this paper for indoor terahertz (THz) communications with beamforming antennas. Due to the multipath effects of THz band (0.1–10 THz), the line of sight and non-line of sight interference from users and access points (APs) (both equipped with beamforming antennas) are separately analyzed based on distance-dependent probability functions. Moreover, to evaluate the effects of obstacles in real applications, a Poisson distribution blockage model is implemented. Moreover, the coverage probability is derived by means of signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). Numerical results are conducted to present the interference and coverage probability with different parameters, including the indoor area size, SINR threshold, numbers of interfering users and APs and half-power bandwidth of beamforming antenna.
Behavioral snake mimicry in breeding tits
Authors: Møller Anders Pape , Flensted-Jensen Einar , Liang Wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany animals mimic the behavior or the appearance of venomous snakes. When humans or other potential predators place their hand near the nest of tits belonging to the family Paridae (and a few other species), the incubating female performs a hissing display that mimics the inhalation hiss of a viper or another snake. They hiss vigorously while lunging their head forward and shaking their wings and tail, repeating this behavior several times. The structure of the hiss in tits is similar to that of the inhalation hiss of a snake, providing evidence of significant convergence of the mimic toward the model. The behavior of individual females is repeatable among trials. Individuals that flew away from their nest box only performed the hissing display on 6% of later trials, when present at their box, whereas individuals that did not fly away hissed on 28% of occasions, consistent with great tits Parus major either cautiously flying away or staying put on their nest while actively defending it. Individuals that flew away produced fewer chicks than individuals that stayed and hissed. The hissing display was more common when snakes were more abundant: 1) When breeding late during the season; 2) when breeding at sites with more snakes; and 3) when breeding in subtropical and tropical China with a higher abundance of snakes than in Denmark with a lower abundance. The frequency of nest predation was higher in sites with no snakes, and the frequency of predation increased with decreasing frequency of hissing display. These findings are consistent with expectations for frequency-dependent selection acting on snake mimicry.
ELF interactions in English-medium engineering classrooms
Authors: Sahan Kari 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
At many universities, English serves as a lingua franca (ELF) between teachers and students for whom English is not their L1. Despite the spread of English-medium instruction (EMI), empirical research on the nature of teacher–student interactions in EMI classrooms remains limited. This study examines the use of ELF in EMI engineering classes at a university in Turkey to explore how teachers and students use code-switching as a communicative strategy in classroom interactions. Data were collected and analysed using a qualitative approach. Nearly 14 hours of classroom observation data were collected from three lecturers and analysed according to patterns of classroom interaction and language use. The findings suggest that teachers and students prioritize communicative efficiency over an adherence to monolingual, NS norms in classroom interactions. Pedagogical implications are discussed for ELT specialists tasked with preparing students for academic study in English and supporting content lecturers in EMI settings.
Does Perceived Ageism Widen the Digital Divide? And Does It Vary by Gender?
Authors: Choi Eun Young , Kim Youngsun , Chipalo Edson , Lee Hee Yun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Existing literature presents a widening digital divide among older adults in addition to the consideration of the potential adverse impacts of ageism on internet use among the older adult population. Our study aimed to investigate (a) whether older adults’ perceived ageism will be associated with their use of the internet and (b) whether the relationship between perceived ageism and internet use will be moderated by age groups and binary gender.

Research Design and Methods
Using the data from the 2016 Health and Retirement Study, regression analyses were separately performed by gender. Two measures of perceived ageism were considered: (a) self-perception of aging and (b) perceived age discrimination.

Results
Our findings suggested that greater exposure to ageism is generally related to less use of the internet. In addition, we found divergent patterns in the relationship between ageism and internet use by gender. For women, a lower level of internet use was predicted by more negative perceptions of aging, whereas men’s internet use was associated with the experience of age discrimination. Furthermore, interaction effects between age groups and ageism varied across gender. The negative perception of aging was more strongly associated with less internet use in older women than middle-aged women. In comparison, the perceived age discrimination predicted less internet use in middle-aged men than older men.

Discussion and Implications
Our findings suggest that perceived ageism is significantly associated with internet use, and its association differs by gender.
Multiple Caregivers, Many Minds: Family Discord and Caregiver Outcomes
Authors: Xu Jiayun , Liu Pi-Ju , Beach Scott 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Family caregivers often have other family members helping to provide care. The purpose of our study was to examine relationships between care coordination quality among family members and the following caregiver outcomes: caregiver mental health (depressive symptoms, anxiety), social activity restrictions, and caregiver burden.

Research Design and Methods
Secondary analysis was conducted using data from the 2017 Pittsburgh Regional Caregivers’ Survey. Six hundred and fifty-five caregivers who had other family members helping with care reported discordance in care coordination, depressive symptoms, anxiety, social activity restrictions, caregiving burden, and covariates such as demographics and known risk factors for negative caregiver outcomes. We used multiple logistic regression and negative binominal expansion models in the analysis.

Results
Discordant care coordination was associated with higher levels of caregiver depressive symptoms (p &lt; .001), anxiety (p &lt; .01), social activity restriction (p &lt; .001), and caregiver burden (p &lt; .001) after controlling for known risk factors.

Discussion and Implications
We found that lower quality of family care coordination was associated with negative caregiver outcomes. Future research should further investigate the dynamics of family care coordination and impacts on both caregivers and care recipients. The results suggest that caregiver interventions attempting to understand and decrease care coordination discord should be a priority.
Patterns and Predictors of Transitions Across Residential Care Settings and Nursing Homes Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in the United States
Authors: Chyr Linda C , Drabo Emmanuel F , Fabius Chanee D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Older adults prefer to age in place, but sociodemographic, health, and socioeconomic factors may influence their decision to remain in the community. Guided by Andersen’s behavioral model, we characterize incident transitions out of the community into residential care settings or nursing homes and identify predictors of these transitions.

Research Design and Methods
Study participants include 2,725 (weighted n = 13,704,390) community-dwelling U.S. older adults of the National Health and Aging Trends Study from 2011 to 2018. We examined the associations between sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and health factors and the probability of transition using a multinomial logit model.

Results
Over the study period, 86.2% of older adults remained in the community, whereas 9.0% and 4.9% transitioned to residential care settings and nursing homes, respectively. Older age, living alone, having functional and cognitive limitations, and hospitalization were associated with increased risk of transitioning to residential care settings or nursing homes from the community. Blacks and Hispanics were less likely to transition to residential care settings or nursing homes. Adults with lower income had a greater risk of transitioning to nursing homes. Medicaid enrollment did not affect the likelihood of transition.

Discussion and Implications
Majority of older adults remained in the community, and incident transition to residential care settings was more common than to nursing homes. Policy should target sociodemographic, health, and socioeconomic factors that enable older adults to age in place. Future work should examine whether these new residential care settings enhance the quality of life or result in subsequent transitions back into the community.