bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cephalometric evaluation of airway dimensions in subjects with different sagittal and vertical variables
Authors: Jaiswal Anjali , Gupta Ashish , Sharma Gaurav , Bishnoi Manish , Jaiswal Ankita 
Published: May 2020

The pharynx is a tube shaped structure that extends superoinferiorly from the cranial base to the level of the inferior surface of the sixth cervical vertebra. A nasal breather may change to a mouth breather because of an obstruction in the nasal or pharyngeal airway. In addition, pharyngeal narrowing is a commonly described characteristic in obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the upper and lower airway dimensions are affected by the sagittal and vertical skeletal variables. The pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of 140 patients aged between 16years to 26 years were traced for the study. For each subject angular and linear cephalometric parameters were measured. Continuous variables were compared by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the significance of mean difference between the groups was done by Tukey’s post hoc test. A two-sided (α = 2) P &#60; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. in this study, we found a significant difference among Class I subjects with three different vertical growth pattern. Hyperdivergent patients had statistically significant narrower upper and lower pharyngeal width when compared to normodivergent and hypodivergent growth patterns. Patients with Class II malocclusions have significantly narrower upper and lower pharyngeal airways than those with Class I and Class III malocclusions.
Treatment of class II malocclusion with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion and compromised mandibular first molars through anchorage miniscrews (TADS)
Authors: Tantray Shoborose , Wasey Fahad 
Published: May 2020

Patients with dental Class II bialveolar protrusion are generally treated by extracting all four first premolars or two first and two second premolars, and retracting the anterior teeth. This case report describes the treatment of an adult female patient aged 21-year-old with bialveolar protrusion, a Class II canine and class II molar relationship along with lip protrusion. In this patient, the lower right and left mandibular first molar i.e., (3-6) and (4-6) had to be extracted due to extensive caries, also extraction was performed for maxillary 1st right and left bicuspids i.e., (1-4) and (2-4).Mini-implant (1.4 mm in diameter, 8 mm long) were placed in interradicular bone between the maxillary second bicuspids and first molars and mesial to mandibular second molar to allow en-masse retraction of upper and lower anterior teeth. Overall, miniscrews (TADs) can provide anchorage to produce a good facial profile in cases of dental Class II bialveolar protrusion with hopeless mandibular first molars.
PERAN GURU KRISTEN DALAM MENUMBUHKEMBANGKAN KEPERCAYAAN DIRI SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA [THE ROLE OF CHRISTIAN TEACHERS IN DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ CONFIDENCE IN MATHEMATICS]
Authors: Patandung Arniati Bintan , Saragih Melda J 
Published: May 2020

<p>Self-confidence is the ability of students to build positive energy that is useful for completing tasks or working optimally. However, the reality is that some students feel unsure of their abilities which results in them not doing given assignments. Students also tend to give up easily and are lazy when they are given problems that are more difficult than usual, the reason being they think they are unable to solve them. God calls every Christian teacher to develop a learning community where students feel cared for and able to use their abilities in the learning process. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to look at the role of the teacher in developing students’ confidence in mathematics. The teacher's role is to pay attention to the factors that cause low student confidence and then to design learning strategies that suits students' needs. Teachers can develop self-concepts, motivation, encouragement, practice exercises, reviews, and assessments that enable students to be more confident in their ability to glorify God. Other suggestions for teachers are to provide questionnaires or interviews in advance to collect data on low student confidence rates so that teachers can determine the right strategy according to student needs.</p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: </strong>Kepercayaan diri atau keyakinan akan kemampuan siswa dapat membangun energi positif yang berguna untuk menyelesaikan tugas ataupun pekerjaan secara maksimal. Akan tetapi kenyataan yang didapatkan di kelas yaitu beberapa siswa merasa tidak yakin akan kemampuannya yang mengakibatkan siswa tidak mengerjakan tugas yang diberikan. Siswa juga cenderung untuk mudah menyerah dan malas mencoba ketika diberikan soal yang lebih sulit daripada biasanya, alasannya karena mereka berpikir tidak mampu untuk menyelesaikannya. Tuhan memanggil setiap guru Kristen untuk mampu mengembangkan kelas menjadi sebuah komunitas untuk belajar agar siswa merasa berada dalam lingkungan yang peduli terhadapnya sehingga siswa mampu untuk menggunakan kemampuan yang dimiliki dalam proses pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penulisan makalah ini yaitu melihat peran guru dalam menumbuhkembangkan kepercayaan diri siswa dalam pelajaran matematika. Peran guru dalam menumbuhkembangkan kepercayaan diri siswa dalam pembelajaran yaitu dengan memperhatikan faktor penyebab rendahnya kepercayaan diri siswa dan merancang pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa. Guru dapat menumbuhkan konsep diri, memberikan motivasi serta dorongan, latihan soal, <em>review</em> dan evaluasi kepada siswa untuk lebih yakin akan kemampuannya untuk memuliakan Tuhan. Saran bagi guru lain yaitu sebaiknya memberikan kuesioner ataupun wawancara terlebih dahulu untuk mengumpulkan data rendahnya kepercayaan diri siswa sehingga guru dapat menentukan strategi yang tepat sesuai kebutuhan siswa.</p>
Contemporary public image of the nursing profession in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Elmorshedy Hala , AlAmrani Abrar , Hassan Mona Hassan Ahmed , Fayed Amel Ahmed , Albrecht Susan Ann 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the nursing profession faces significant challenges including failure to recruit high school students into nursing education; poor nursing identity, and lack of awareness about the nursing profession. The level of community awareness and public image of the nursing profession are critical to recruit and retain students into nursing education, and to improve nurses' sense of identity. Aim: to explore the level of community awareness and public image of the nursing profession in Saudi Arabia Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a convenient sample of 502 adults including 106 males and 396 females, their mean age was 22.93 ± 6.76 years. Data collected included; socio-cultural data, gender preference in getting nursing care, awareness, and perceived socio-cultural barriers to pursue a nursing career. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Results: Only 32.5 % preferred to get nursing care by Saudis. The nursing profession was not viewed as a respected job as 71.5% of participants would be ashamed of having a nurse in their families. The study revealed a low median knowledge score (50.0, IQR: 50.0-66.7)). The study highlighted a number of socio-cultural barriers to pursue a nursing career including; the gender-mixed working environment (35.9%), delayed marriage of female nurses (20.3%), and the negative effect of nursing profession on social life (64.5%). Conclusions : Half of the sample had a knowledge score below 50.0 out of 100. This level of Poor awareness, in addition to socio-cultural perceived barriers are the main factors contributing to the negative public image of the nursing profession in Saudi Arabia. Understanding these factors could contribute to implementing focused intervention to improve the negative stereotype of the nursing profession among Saudis.
Differences in gait analysis and clinical outcome after TightRope® or screw fixation in acute syndesmosis rupture: Study protocol for a prospective randomized pilot study
Authors: Doll Julian , Waizenegger Stefan , Bruckner Thomas , Schmidmaier Gerhard , Wolf Sebastian I. , Fischer Christian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Ankle sprains and fractures are most common injuries in orthopedic and trauma surgery. The concurrent occurrence of syndesmosis ruptures in these injuries represents a more complex problem, as they often remain undetected. A proper and accurate treatment of injuries of the syndesmosis, both isolated and combined with fractures, is necessary to avoid long-term consequences (chronic instability, cartilage damage and post-traumatic osteoarthritis). The most popular treatment option is a static screw fixation and the newly developed dynamic TightRope ® (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA). The aim of this pilot study is to compare monitor ankle range of motion and maximum ankle power in gait as functional outcome parameters of instrumented gait analysis, as well as clinical and radiographic outcome for assessing the stabilization of acute syndesmosis rupture with either a static implant (a 3.5mm metallic screw) or a dynamic device (TightRope ® ). Methods: This prospective, randomized, controlled, clinical trial will be carried out at the Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury of the University Hospital Heidelberg. Adult patients, who suffer from an acute syndesmosis rupture, both isolated and in combination with fractures of the lateral malleolus (Weber C and Maisonneuve fractures) and who are undergoing surgery at our trauma center will be included in our study. The patients will be randomized to the different treatment options (screw fixation or “TightRope ® ”). Subsequent to the surgical treatment, all patients will receive the same standardized follow-up procedures including a gait analysis and MRI of the ankle at 6 months follow-up. The primary endpoint of the study is the successful healing of the syndesmosis and biomechanical investigation with gait analysis. Discussion: The results of the gait analysis from the current study will help to impartially and reliably evaluate the clinical and biomechanical outcome of both treatment options of acute syndesmosis ruptures. We hypothesize that the dynamic fixation provides an equivalent or better biomechanical, clinical and radiographic outcome in comparison to the screw fixation.
Utilization of Denture Adhesives and the Factors Associated with its Use: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: BO TUN MIN , Hama Yohei , AKIBA NORIHISA , MINAKUCHI SHUNSUKE 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: An increase in the number of elderly edentulous patients likely leads to a greater demand for dentures and denture adhesives. As denture adhesives have positive and negative features, dentists need to know the types of denture adhesive users to be able to provide instruction to denture wearers on how to use denture adhesives effectively. This study aims to examine the utilization of denture adhesives and associated factors.Methods: Seven closed-ended questionnaires were developed for a web-based survey. After that, Fisher’s exact tests were performed to determine the difference in the denture adhesive usage rate by gender, type of denture, last dental visit, and smoking status. A multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analysis was performed with denture adhesive use or non-use as the dependent variable and the other items as independent variables. Next, Fisher’s exact tests and a multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analysis were performed with the type of denture adhesives as the dependent variable in the same way. Statistical analyses were performed for all denture wearers, complete denture wearers, and partial denture wearers. The level of statistical significance was set at p=0.05. Results: A total of 1470 denture wearers in Japan participated in this study. Of these, 318 used denture adhesives, while 212 (66.7%) used cream; 74 (23.3%) used home liner; 25 (7.9%) used powder; four (1.3%) used sheets; and three (0.9%) used several types. The Fisher’s exact tests revealed that the ratios of using denture adhesives were significantly higher for complete denture wearers (p<0.001), last dental visit over one year (p=0.005), and smokers (p=0.005). For partial denture wearers, the ratio was significantly higher in smokers (p=0.262). The multivariate adjusted logistic regression revealed that denture adhesive use or non-use were significantly associated with the type of denture and smoking status in all denture wearers, and just smoking status in partial denture wearers. There were no significant results about the type of denture adhesive selection.Conclusions: From all denture wearers, complete denture wearers and smokers are more likely to use denture adhesives. In addition, smokers significantly use denture adhesives if they are partial denture wearers.
Factors Influencing the Use of Reproductive Health Services among Young Women in Nepal: Analysis of the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Thapa Naba Raj 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Utilization of reproductive health services is a key component for preventing young women from different sexual and reproductive health problems. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine the factors influencing the use of reproductive health services among young women in Nepal. Methods: Data have been extracted from the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) datasets wherein the weighted sample population size was restricted for modern contraceptive use to 1593 whereas for the antenatal care and skilled birth attendants to1606. This study has selected three reproductive health indicators as outcome variables of reproductive health service utilization for the analysis viz, modern contraceptive use, at least four antenatal care visits, and use of skilled birth attendants. Likewise, all calculations are based on standard sample weight of NDHS. Results: The study has found that 21% of young women used modern contraception, 71% attended at least four ANC visits, and 67% utilized a skilled birth attendant at delivery. Young Janajati women, women having 1-2, and 3 or more living children, women participating household decision-making, and the ones having exposure to media were more likely to use modern contraceptives, whereas the women who want more children were less likely to use them. Higher education attainments, higher wealth quintile, and lower birth order were associated with higher level of receiving at least four ANC visits and SBAs. However, the young women willing to have more children and having access to media have higher odds of receiving at least four ANC visits; and the women attending four and more ANC visits have higher odds of using SBAs. Conclusions: In order to improve the use of reproductive health services among young women, efforts should be made to enrich the young women of lower educational level, lower economic status, higher birth order, and lower exposure to media. Further research is required to detect the causes that affect the use of reproductive health services.
Protein delivery in intermittent and continuous enteral nutrition with a protein-rich formula in critically ill patients - A protocol for the prospective randomised controlled proof-of-concept Protein Bolus Nutrition (Pro BoNo) study
Authors: Reinhold Simona , Yeginsoy Désirée , Hollinger Alexa , Todorov Atanas , Tintignac Lionel , Sinnreich Michael , Kiss Caroline , Gebhard Caroline Eva , Kovács Balázs , Gysi Bianca , Imwinkelried Lara , Siegemund Martin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Critically ill patients rapidly develop muscle wasting resulting in sarcopenia, long-term disability and higher mortality. Bolus nutrition (30-60 min period), while having a similar incidence of aspiration as continuous feeding, seems to provide metabolic benefits through increased muscle protein synthesis due to higher leucine peaks. To date, clinical evidence on achievement of nutritional goals and influence of bolus nutrition on skeletal muscle metabolism in ICU patients is lacking. The aim of the Pro BoNo study (Protein Bolus Nutrition) is to compare intermittent and continuous enteral feeding with a specific high-protein formula. We hypothesise that target quantity of protein is reached earlier (within 36 hours) by an intermittent feeding protocol with a favourable influence on muscle protein synthesis. Methods Pro BoNo is a prospective randomised controlled study aiming to compare the impact of intermittent and continuous enteral feeding on preventing muscle wasting in 60 critically ill patients recruited during the first 48 hours after ICU admission. The primary outcome measure is the time until the daily protein target (≥1.5 g protein/kg bodyweight/24h) is achieved. Secondary outcome measures include tolerance of enteral feeding and evolution of glucose, urea and IGF-1. Ultrasound and muscle biopsy of the quadriceps will be performed. Discussion The Basel Pro BoNo study aims to collect innovative data on the effect of intermittent enteral feeding of critically ill patients on muscle wasting. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03587870, registered July 16, 2018. Swiss National Clinical Trial Portal identifier: SNCTP000003234, last updated July 24, 2019.
Adjunctive therapies for the nonsurgical treatment of peri-implant diseases: systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: xiao yuhan , Qin Yichun , Yu Haiyang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Peri-implant diseases are mainly caused by biofilms around the implant and may lead to implant failure. Non-surgical mechanical debridement with different adjunctive therapies has being applied in the treatment of peri-implant diseases. This systematic review aims to figure out whether one adjunctive therapy is superior to any other. Methods Two independent authors screened the literature via the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and Science Direct. Only clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficacy of adjunctive therapies in the treatment of peri-implant diseases with non-surgical mechanical debridement (MD) were included in this review. The studies selected were published before June 2020. Comparisons of clinical outcomes were estimated using meta-analysis Results: A total of eighteen RCTs met the inclusion criteria, of which 13 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The following adjunctive interventions were compared in the included studies: modifying the prosthesis; air abrasive; photodynamic therapy; local antibiotics; systemic antibiotics; probiotics. Statistically significant difference was observed between MD with photodynamic therapy and MD alone at 3 months follow-up ( P < 0.01). There is no statistical difference between MD with chlorhexidine and MD alone in the treatment of peri-implant diseases at 3 months follow-up ( P = 0.84), so is MD with probiotics and MD alone ( P = 0.96), and so is systemic antibiotics and MD alone ( P = 0.47). Conclusion. MD adjunct with PDT is an effective treatment for peri-implant mucositis. However, there is still no effective non-surgical treatment for peri-implantitis.
Identification of potential biomarkers and candidate small molecule drugs in glioblastoma
Authors: Lu Wei-cheng , Xie Hui , Yuan Ce , Li Jin-jiang , Li Zhao-yang , Wu An-hua 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background and aims: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common and aggressive primary brain tumor, and the prognosis for GBM patients remains poor. This study aimed to identify the key genes associated with the development of GBM and provide new diagnostic and therapies for GBM. Methods: Three microarray datasets (GSE111260, GSE103227, and GSE104267) were selected from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for integrated analysis. The differential expressed genes (DEGs) between GBM and normal tissues. Then, prognosis related DEGs were screened by survival analysis, followed by functional enrichment analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to explore the hub genes associated with GBM. The mRNA and protein expression levels of hub genes were respectively validated in silico using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases. Subsequently, the small molecule drugs of GBM were predicted by Connectivity Map (CMAP) database. Results: A total of 78 prognosis related DEGs were identified, of which10 hub genes with higher degree were obtained by PPI analysis. The mRNA expression and protein expression levels of CETN2 , MKI67 , ARL13B , and SETDB1 were overexpressed in GBM tissues, while the expression levels of CALN1 , ELAVL3 , ADCY3 , SYN2 , SLC12A5 , and SOD1 were down-regulated in GBM tissues. Additionally, these genes were significantly associated with the prognosis of GBM. We eventually predicted the 10 most vital small molecule drugs, which potentially imitate or reverse GBM carcinogenic status. Cycloserine and 11-deoxy-16,16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 might be considered as potential therapeutic drugs of GBM. Conclusions: Our study provided 10 key genes for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic target for GBM. These findings might contribute to a better comprehension of molecular mechanisms of GBM development, and provide new perspective for further GBM research. However, specific regulatory mechanism of these genes needed further elaboration.
The correlation between imaging expression of P16 and S100 in hypertrophic ligamentum flavum
Authors: Hu Wei , Liu Yidong , Kan Shunli , Zhang Tengfei , Jiang Zehua , Zhu Rusen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common degenerative disease, which can lead to neurological dysfunction and requires surgical treatment. In the previous study, we used H&E staining and immunohistochemistry to qualitatively analyze the expression of S100 and P16 in the pathological process of ligamentum flavum (LF) hypertrophy in patients with LSS. To further explore the relationship between P16, S100 and LF hypertrophy in patients with LSS, we quantitatively detected S100 and P16 and their expressed products based on molecular biology techniques, and analyzed their imaging correlation.Methods: Before posterior lumbar surgery, LF thickness was measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Through the operation, we obtained the specimens of LF from 120 patients, all of whom were L4/5 LF. They were designated: simple lumbar disc herniation (LDH), single-segment spinal stenosis (SLSS), and double-segment LSS (DLSS). The detection of each side of LF was assessed. S100 and P16 and their expression products were detected by western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).Results: The dorsal mRNA expression of P16 in DLSS group was significantly higher than that in SLSS group. On the dorsal and dural side of LF, the expression of P16 mRNA and proteins in the LDH group was significantly lower than that in SLSS and DLSS groups. We found a correlation between the thickness of LF and the expression of P16. However, there was no significant difference in the expression of S100 mRNA and S100 protein on both sides of the ligament and among the three groups, and no significant correlation between the expression of S100 and the thickness of LF.Conclusions: P16 is involved in the process of LF hypertrophy in patients with LSS, and the imaging thickness of LF is related to the expression of P16. No obvious evidence proves that S100 may be related to the hypertrophy of LF in patients with LSS.