bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Dalmatian chamomile extracts - environmentally friendly natural compounds with insecticidal action
Authors: Mukovoz Petr , Mukovoz Vladimir , Dankovtseva Ekaterina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Extracts of Dalmatian chamomile (Pyrethrum cinerariaefolium Trev) grown in the greenhouse complex of the Institute of Phytopathology were obtained. The resulting extracts were isolated from the dried inflorescences of this plant, by an initial stepwise extraction of lipid fractions with a mixture of dichloroethane / petroleum ether, methanol and a mixture of methanol / petroleum ether, followed by purification on activated carbon. By further separation of the obtained extracts by preparative column chromatography, biologically active fractions with different contents of natural insecticides from the pyrethrin group were isolated. The content of biologically active components in various fractions was determined by the methods of chromatomass-spectrometry. It was found that low-polarity eluents (hexane / chloroform) recover pyrethrin I, cinerin I, and jasmolin I most fully, and the maximum recovery of pyrethrin II and cinerin II is observed when using relatively polar eluents (hexane / acetone). The insecticidal effect of the end products on the great cereal aphid (Sitobion avenae) was studied. It was found that the maximum insecticidal effect (100% mortality of insects) was exhibited by the pyrethrine fraction isolated during extraction with low-polarity eluents (hexane / chloroform). It was found that the pyrethrine fraction isolated during extraction with relatively polar eluents (hexane / acetone) exhibited a moderate insecticidal effect (77–81% of insect mortality). It has been shown that Dalmatian chamomile extracts have a high insecticidal effect against such a pest of cereal crops as the large cereal aphid and can be successfully used as effective, environmentally friendly natural insecticides, including in the form of biologically active additives to commercial insecticidal preparations.
Search for approaches to producing organic fertilizers from raw materials of plant and animal origin
Authors: Valiullin Lenar , Titova Valentina , Tremasov Yurii , Huzin Damir , Nabatov Alexey , Validov Shamil , Bogun Inna , Cheremisin Alexey , Kudeyarov Valery 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Due to the annual increase in emissions of animal and poultry waste into the environment, scientists around the world are increasingly interested in improving technologies to accelerate the processing of agricultural waste. In the presented work, 6 microorganisms were selected: Lactobacillus spp., thermophilic bacteria (Bac. subtilis), Clostridium spp., Penicililum spp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Micrococcus nishomyaensis) to accelerate the processing of animal waste. The toxicity and toxigenicity of newly isolated strains of microorganisms was assessed. At the same time, it was found that the strains of microorganisms do not have toxicity and toxigenicity.
Wood-plastic composites development from waste products for the agricultural and industrial needs
Authors: Yui Lin’ , Davydov Roman , Kosolapov Vladimir , Savchenko Ivan , Markaryan Artem , Krasnoscshekov Viktor 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Three monomers of maleic anhydride (MAH), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and butyl acrylate (BA) are graft copolymerization of high-density polyethene (HDPE) by grafting and melting grafting method to prepare the graft copolymer as an interfacial modifier. The results of infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that we graft polar monomers onto the chain of polyolefin molecules. The modifier HDPE-g-MAH/MMA/BA (M-GPE) is successfully prepared by the melt grafting method. Secondly, the wood flour and bagasse are pre-treated by steaming and boiling. We found that cooking could improve the mechanical properties of wood flour and bagasse, and the mechanical properties of cooked wood were higher than that of steamed wood. Finally, we use the melt grafting method to modify polyethene wax (PEW) and obtain PEW-g-MAH/MMA/BA (M-GPEW). M-GPEW and MGPE are used together to improve the interfacial compatibility of pre-treated wood plastic composites. The results show that the optimum ratio of the compound modifier M-GPE/GPEW is 8/2, and the mechanical properties of the material are the best. The mechanical properties of the wood-plastic composites are much more affected than the single modifier.
Characterization of the process of compaction of residual biomass from the palm oil industry
Authors: Bernal David , Contreras Huber Cabrales , Kosolapov Vladimir , Krasnoshchekov Viktor , Rud’ Yuriy , Bykova Natalia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To produce fuel briquettes from the waste of the biological processing process, this biomass is pre-dried and pressed into briquettes. Subsequently, prepared fuel briquettes are used for heating residential premises and factory workshops. The aim of the study was to develop a technology for producing briquettes from biomass with specified characteristics. Basic technical specifications for oil palm biomass compression are determined, based on certain variables to be monitored in the manufacture of briquettes from this material. Briquettes were manufactured under certain conditions. The briquettes were tested. According to the test result, a correlation has been established between the initial data (fiber length, relative humidity of raw materials and compression time) and the results obtained (compression strength, durability and volumetric density). Biomass with a relative humidity of not more than 8% has been determined to be used in the production process. The ideal values for quantitative variables have been established: relative humidity of the air 8%, fiber length 85 mm and compression time 20 s.
Car transport intensity impact on heavy metal distribution in urban environment
Authors: Pilecka Jovita , Grinfelde Inga , Purmalis Oskars , Burlakovs Juris 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Air pollution is one of the main environmental problems and the cause of various diseases around the world. Intensive traffic is one of the main sources of air pollution in an urban environment. In cold and temperate climate regions snow on roads and its surroundings can accumulate significant amounts of pollutants which can affect human health and the environment in both the short and long term. Various urban snow pollution studies were made in many parts of the world, but in Latvia, Jelgava city such an experience is something new. In this article, we studied the relationship between air pollution on different road sections depending on the snow sample sampling distance from the road. In the city of Jelgava near the roads with high traffic there were collected 54 snow samples, in 18 places on 3 road sections in 3 different distances from road 1 m, 50 m and 100 m. Snow samples were collected in January 2018, seven days after snowfall. We analyzed copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) concentrations in snow melting water samples. Mostly Cu concentrations at a distance of 1 m from the road were up to eight times higher than 50 or 100 m distance. The highest concentrations of Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn are 1 m away from the road. For snow samples at a distance of 50 m and 100 m from road differences are minimal. To better understand pollution spread near road, different intensity roads and streets of Jelgava should be covered. Sample plots should be located all over the city territory, excluding as much as possible other pollutants object impact on performed study.
Development of energy-efficient techniques and technology for environmentally friendly microwave processing of oil sludge
Authors: Abdeev Eldar , Saitov Rail , Abdeev Rinat , Fatykhov Minnehan , Gulemova Liana 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Methods of processing hydrocarbon-containing waste, such as chemical, biological, thermal, physico-chemical, filtering and settling, centrifugation at low efficiency and a wider range of other disadvantages. One of the promising technologies in the oil industry is considered to be microwave heating of hydrocarbon compounds to reduce viscosity during transportation, separation of stable emulsions during primary oil refining, and utilization of drilling oil sludge and petrochemical production wastes. The results of the development of energy efficiency low-temperature technology for environmentally friendly microwave processing of hydrocarbon-containing waste are presented. Studies on a mathematical model showed that at a frequency of microwave radiation equal to the resonant frequency of water molecules, the field strength needed to break the emulsion is 2-100 V/m. For comparison, we note that microwave generators with a power of 50-100 kW are used for heating, respectively, the electric field is more than 10000 V/m, i.e. 100 times higher than required. The time required for phase separation imposes unacceptable requirements on the flow rate. In the studied microwave processing mode due to the resonant interaction of water dipoles with an electromagnetic field, the exposure time is determined by the value of 10-9-10-10 seconds. With these parameters, the temperature of hydrocarbon-containing waste, as shown by calculations on the mathematical model, remains practically unchanged. Due to short-term (microsecond) processing, this technology can be used in the process stream of primary processing and oil refineries, which will significantly reduce the amount of waste generated.
Modelling a system of intercepting reservoirs distributed on the side tributaries of a river to prevent flooding of agricultural land
Authors: Podgornov Nikita , Davydov Roman , Switala Franciszek , Zotov Dmitry 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
One of the areas of engineering protection of lands from flash floods is the use of intercepting waterworks on the side tributaries, which help to reduce the peak of the flood on the main river and redistribute it over time. With an increase in rainfall, flood protection capacity of existing or designed structures may not be enough to transform the river flow. The paper considers a mathematical model of flow control by a system of reservoirs, where a part of the accumulating capacity of the flood protection structure on the side tributary is redistributed into gabion waterworks located upstream of the river. This model allows to clarify the parameters and modes of operation of waterworks and evaluate their functioning, considering current and future economic and environmental conditions.
Development of machine for collection of cement dust
Authors: Yigebahal Vogen , Shurupov Dmitry , Krasnoscshekov Victor , Switala Franciszek , Yushkova Victoria , Rud Sergey , Dushkin Vladislav 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
One of the negative changes in the Earth’s ecosystem is air pollution from cement production waste. Cement industry enterprises annually emit more than 27 million tons of dust into the environment. They account for 2/3 of industrial emissions of solid substances and 44% of gaseous ones. The construction of various facilities is increasing every year. This leads to increased cement production and additional pollution. The most dangerous is fine dust (particle size less than 10 microns). It was found that a significant part of the fine dust is carried away by the exhaust gases even before entering the stage of dry cement formation. It is deposited in various production facilities. Further dust can enter the atmosphere from the workshops and cause pollution. Collecting it is a very complicated and expensive process. In the article, the design of a machine for collecting and unloading cement dust makes it possible to collect about 69% of all dust in the workshop and on the territory of the plant and load it into a special container. This significantly improves the ecological state of the air.
First World Aging: Scenario Forecasts of Dependency Ratios
Authors: Zinkina Julia , Shulgin Sergey , Andreev Aleksey 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Population aging in the first world and its expected consequences are actively discussed in the research community. Effects of aging can be seen in the age structures projected for various countries by UN DESA. However, their «medium» scenario most frequently used by researchers to understand the effects of aging is based on the national-level assumptions (their set being rather fixed and limited in number). In this paper we propose a different approach, where age structures and dependency ratios are projected based on global-level assumptions impacting the demographic dynamics of each particular country. As a first approximation, this approach gives us 4 scenarios of demographic dynamics associated with: 1) the growth of human capital (in particular, an increase in the level of education); 2) stagnation of human capital; 3) a decrease in global integration and migration flows; 4) increased globalization, increased openness of borders and migration flows.
Electrochemical energy storage performance analysis of carbon based porous materials based on high temperature decomposition
Authors: Song Jialong , Sun Mingfen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Carbon based porous materials have low energy storage capacity, poor utilization rate and poor electrochemical storage performance. Therefore, this paper proposes an analytical method for electrochemical energy storage performance of carbon based porous materials based on high temperature decomposition. By analyzing the structure of carbon based porous materials, the parameters affecting the properties of low-carbon porous materials were obtained. The chemical properties of carbon based porous materials were studied. The carbon based porous materials were modified by high-temperature decomposition method to improve the power storage capacity of carbon based porous materials. The experimental results show that the high temperature decomposition of carbon based porous materials has strong energy storage performance, which can effectively improve the energy storage capacity of carbon based porous materials.
Design and analysis of hybrid domestic gas supply system with biomass energy and hydrocarbons
Authors: Gao Lin , Wu Song , Zhang Xiong , Zhu Jingqi , Fang Qichao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A new gas supply system for residents was designed, taking puleyuan village as the research object. Aiming at the rural areas with abundant biomass energy and considering the seasonal difference of gas supply to residents, the gas supply system with biomass gasification coupled with hydrocarbons was used. Through the analysis of the system design principle, the calculation of combustible mixture property and the numerical calculation of energy conversion process, the energy efficiency design of the system was analyzed and optimized in this paper. At the same time, the system was evaluated from the economic perspective of energy conservation and emission reduction, compared with those of traditional fossil energy heating. The results showed that the gas supply system could bring considerable economic and environmental benefits, and it was feasible and expansible to implement in the rural areas in the north of China and the southern areas where winter heating was needed.
Evolution and Benefit Evaluation of Sustainable Urban Energy Interconnection
Authors: Tan Xue , Jin Yanming , Zhao Qiuli , Du Honglin , Chen Di 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Urban energy interconnection is the most important part of energy interconnection, which push forward the transformation and upgrading of urban energy system, and promotes the coordinated development of urban economy, society and environment. This paper summarizes the stylized facts of urban energy interconnection evolution. Then a urban energy interconnection analysis framework is proposed to analyze the logical framework of the energy system from the physical, information, and value layers. Further, this paper proposes a comprehensive indicator system for quantitatively evaluating the degree of coordination between urban development and energy systems, and provides a method for assessing the comprehensive benefits of sustainable urban energy interconnection.
Analysis of typical characteristics and main functions of urban energy internet under city energy reformation
Authors: Wang Linyu , Han Siwei , Guo Lei , Huo Molin , Chen Hao , Chen Guang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The construction of urban energy internet is an important starting point for realizing the national energy revolution strategy and promoting the high-quality development of city energy. At present, the research on urban energy internet is extensively carried out, and the definition of urban energy internet is also varied. This article summarizes the current mainstream views, summarizes and refines the structure, features, and main functions of the urban energy internet. Through combing the structure, features, and main functions, it enriches and improves the theoretical basis of the urban energy internet model and other research.
Analysis of Greening Ecology in Landscape Reconstruction of Construction Waste Dump in Wind-sand Area
Authors: Zhefeng Li , Yueyan Liu , Gaofeng Zhang , Daoligeerma  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In order to solve the problem of increasing urban construction waste, taking QiuLing Park in Hohhot as an example, the green space park after the landscape transformation of urban building was investigated. In this paper, the characteristics of green planting in the fragile ecological areas were analyzed, based on the relationship between ecological environment factors, the method of configuring vegetation in the landscape of construction waste in the park was discussed. Meanwhile, combined with the climatic and meteorological conditions of the region, the function and ecological benefits of the urban green space after the transformation were evaluated. It can provide experience for landscape construction and ecological restoration of construction waste dump.
A Study on the Construction of Xianning Ecotourism Greenway Brand Project
Authors: Jianian Liang , Bin Dai 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The boutique villages, intangible cultural heritage, cultural and historical sites, natural landscape, agricultural industry and other resources along the road network in Xianning are closely linked through the construction of greenways. Strengthening the construction of ecotourism greenways and building the city’s brand image is an important measure to accelerate the green development of Xianniang and realize that “green mountains are gold mountains” in the new era.
Water Quality Restoration with Ecological Water Demand Allocation Regulation
Authors: Ma Mengting , Xiang Long , Huang Yishuang , Gong Hongbo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ecological water replenishment is the main means of ecological restoration in urbanized rivers. The control targets of utilizing water resources, allocating water and restoring the water quality have become the research hotspot. In this study, the Chengnan River Basin in Jiangbei New District of Nanjing was taken as the object, and the ecological water demand threshold in the Chengnan River Basin was evaluated by using the calculation result of the ecological water demand obtained by the improved Tennant method. According to the ecological water replenishment configuration plan, a water quality and quantity coupling model was constructed to simulate and analyze the water quality improvement effects at the control section of the Chengnan River Basin under different guarantee conditions. The results show that the monthly water demand allocation scheme based on the improved Tennant method can be used as the basis for water replenishment of river ecological restoration, and it can effectively improve the water quality of the Chengnan River. The use of 40,000 t / d water replenishment for 11 days can make the Longwangmiao section meet the water quality target control requirements.
Analysis and evaluation of the instability chain of room and pillar goaf in Western China ecological fragile area
Authors: Wen Li , Donghao Wang , Hailong Du , Jinsong An , Weiye Zhao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Yushenfu mining area is a typical ecologically fragile area in western China. The ground subsidence accident caused by the sudden instability of a large area of coal mine goaf has endangered the local ecological environment and safety of production and life. Based on the case analysis of the instability of the goaf of the coalmine in the Yushenfu Mining Area, the paper analyzes the ultimate strength and stress of the coal pillar under the action of the coal and rock’s own weight, and studies the influence of external factors such as static ground load, dynamic load, and mining disturbance. A chain analysis and evaluation of goaf instability under the influence of multiple factors has been carried out. Practice has shown that the chain analysis and evaluation of goaf instability is an effective method.
Research on earthquake damage prediction of stone structure in southern Fujian based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
Authors: Yang Chun-yan , Liu Qiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Based on fuzzy mathematics method, earthquake damage prediction of stone structure houses in Southern Fujian is studied. The subsets of earthquake damage affecting factors applicable to stone structures and their fuzzy relation with earthquake damage levels are established. Furthermore, the earthquake damage prediction model of stone structure houses in southern Fujian is developed based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Taking the two-storey stone structure house as an example, the model is applied to predict and evaluate the damage state of the two-storey stone structure house after earthquake damage. The results show that, according to the fuzzy comprehensive prediction and evaluation model, the stone structure house suffers serious damage degree in the earthquake damage, the evaluation grade of earthquake damage is C, and the evaluation result is consistent with the actual damage state. The model of earthquake damage prediction is clear and easy to calculate, which provides a theoretical basis for earthquake damage prediction and reinforcement and maintenance of stone structure houses in southern Fujian.
Research on Cultural Protection of Environmentally Displaced Persons
Authors: Ding Guorong , Wang Wenbo , Shen Yang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Life or death, this is a question. Environmental change and environmental degradation have fundamentally changed the world’s geographic pattern. As global warming accelerates sea level rise, some island nations are in danger of disappearing completely. When the land of the island nation disappears, these environmentally displaced persons (EDPs) not only need to be relocated, but also run the risk of losing their unique culture, language and lifestyle. Of course, this is a very complicated issue. Our paper will explain our views from the drivers of environmental change and population migration, the cultural protection of displaced persons and the pattern of immigration integration. It should be noted. If we are islanders, we would very much hope that our culture, location and identity will not disappear. Obviously, the full emigration and abandonment of these islands will have far-reaching adverse effects on the protection of islands culture and territorial political sovereignty.