bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Structure Sensitivity for Direct Conversion of Syngas to C2-Oxygenates with a Multicomponent-Promoted Rh Catalyst
Authors: Sun Xiaohui , Jansma Harrie , Miyama Toshihito , Sanjeewa Aluthge Rasika Dasanayake , Shinmei Kenichi , Yagihashi Noritoshi , Nishiyama Haruka , Osadchii Dmitrii , van der Linden Bart , Makkee Michiel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mn and Li promoted Rh catalysts supported on SiO2 with a thin TiO2 layer were synthesized by stepwise incipient wetness impregnation approach. The thin TiO2 layer on the surface of SiO2 was proved to stabilize those small Rh nanoparticles and hinder their agglomeration. The reducibility of Rh on these catalysts depends on Rh particle size as well as the position of manganese oxide, and large Rh nanoparticles with MnO on Rh nanoparticles can be only reduced at an elevated temperature. Catalyst with large Rh particles exhibits a higher CO conversion and higher products selectivity towards long chain hydrocarbons and C2-oxygenates at the expense of decreasing methane formation than a similar catalyst with smaller Rh particles. This was attributed to the synergistic effect of Mn and Li promotion and molar ratio between Rh0 and Rhδ+ sites on the surface of Rh nanoparticles. Moreover, Rh nanoparticles on MnO are proved to be more efficient in promoting hydrogenation of acetaldehyde to ethanol than its counterpart with MnO on Rh nanoparticles. Finally, in order to target high C2-oxygenates selectivity, low reaction temperature together with a low H2/CO ratio in the feed is recommended.

Graphic Abstract
Coaching in design-based learning: a grounded theory approach to create a theoretical model and practical propositions
Authors: van Diggelen M. R. , Doulougeri K. I. , Gomez-Puente S. M. , Bombaerts G. , Dirkx K. J. H. , Kamp R. J. A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine what good coaching during design-based learning (DBL) entails by integrating theoretical and practical perspectives on good coaching. For this purpose, a grounded theory approach was used. For the practical perspective, themes on good coaching were derived from a qualitative study on coaching by observing and interviewing teachers and students involved in a DBL project. For the theoretical perspective, we consulted and analyzed literature on scaffolding, feedback, and formative assessment and coaching in problem-based learning from the learning sciences and the studio model from arts and design literature. Synthesizing themes from both perspectives led to the development of a theoretical coaching model consisting of three main categories (and four subcategories), seventeen themes and thirteen propositions. The model and propositions might be of use for those involved in coaching students in DBL and provide relevant directions for research on coaching in DBL.
Short Report: Social Perception of High School Students with ASD in Norway
Authors: Skafle Ingjerd , Nordahl-Hansen Anders , Øien Roald A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
An increasing number of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) enroll in inclusive schools and classrooms. The aim of this study was to research how students with ASD experience the social aspect of inclusive high schools. Five adolescences with Asperger syndrome were interviewed, and the results show that high school was perceived as an important platform for social training, and an equally important place to find new friends and acquaintances. A majority of the participants had experienced loneliness and bullying in junior high school. However, they experienced high school as a new start, with a more open and inclusive environment. Nevertheless, several of the participants expressed that they used quite a lot of energy on social settings, such as interpreting social situations and on being amongst a larger group of students. In order to support this group of adolescents in their schooling, it is important to look at their strength and resources, and not only focus on the challenges and difficulties.
On the König deficiency of zero-reducible graphs
Authors: Bartha Miklós , Krész Miklós 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A confluent and terminating reduction system is introduced for graphs, which preserves the number of their perfect matchings. A union-find algorithm is presented to carry out reduction in almost linear time. The König property is investigated in the context of reduction by introducing the König deficiency of a graph G as the difference between the vertex covering number and the matching number of G. It is shown that the problem of finding the König deficiency of a graph is NP-complete even if we know that the graph reduces to the empty graph. Finally, the König deficiency of graphs G having a vertex v such that $$G-v$$G-v has a unique perfect matching is studied in connection with reduction.
Quantization of the Interacting Hall Conductivity in the Critical Regime
Authors: Giuliani Alessandro , Mastropietro Vieri , Porta Marcello 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Haldane model is a paradigmatic 2d lattice model exhibiting the integer quantum Hall effect. We consider an interacting version of the model, and prove that for short-range interactions, smaller than the bandwidth, the Hall conductivity is quantized, for all the values of the parameters outside two critical curves, across which the model undergoes a ‘topological’ phase transition: the Hall coefficient remains integer and constant as long as we continuously deform the parameters without crossing the curves; when this happens, the Hall coefficient jumps abruptly to a different integer. Previous works were limited to the perturbative regime, in which the interaction is much smaller than the bare gap, so they were restricted to regions far from the critical lines. The non-renormalization of the Hall conductivity arises as a consequence of lattice conservation laws and of the regularity properties of the current–current correlations. Our method provides a full construction of the critical curves, which are modified (‘dressed’) by the electron–electron interaction. The shift of the transition curves manifests itself via apparent infrared divergences in the naive perturbative series, which we resolve via renormalization group methods.
The Egalitarian Fallacy: Are Group Differences Compatible with Political Liberalism?
Authors: Anomaly Jonathan , Winegard Bo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMany people greet evidence of biologically based race and sex differences with extreme skepticism, even hostility. We argue that some of the vehemence with which many intellectuals in the West resist claims about group differences is rooted in the tacit assumption that accepting evidence for group differences in socially valued traits would undermine our reasons to treat people with respect. We call this theegalitarian fallacy. We first explain the fallacy and then give evidence that self-described liberals in the United States are especially likely to commit it when they reason about topics like race and sex. We then argue that people should not be as worried as they often are about research that finds psychological differences between men and women, or between people of different racial or ethnic groups. We conclude that if moral equality is believed to rest on biological identity, ethnically diverse societies are in trouble.
Diagnostik genetisch bedingter Epilepsien
Authors: Lemke Johannes R. 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Je nach Anfallssemiologie und EEG-Befund werden Epilepsien klinisch zumeist in fokale bzw. generalisierte Formen unterteilt. Tritt bei einem Kind infolge einer Epilepsie zusätzlich eine Entwicklungsstörung auf, kann dies oft auf eine epileptische Enzephalopathie zurückgeführt werden. Das Mutationsspektrum genetischer Epilepsien ist ausgesprochen heterogen und kann am besten mithilfe der Hochdurchsatzsequenzierung erfasst werden. Insbesondere bei den Enzephalopathien besteht eine hohe Aufklärungsrate. Mittlerweile gibt es für diverse genetisch bedingte Epilepsieerkrankungen individualisierte Therapien, die auf den jeweiligen molekularen Pathomechanismus abzielen, und die Zahl solcher personalisierter Therapieoptionen steigt stetig.
Functions of p53 in pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Fu Xuemei , Wu Shouhai , Li Bo , Xu Yang , Liu Jingfeng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are capable of unlimited self-renewal in culture and differentiation into all functional cell types in the body, and thus hold great promise for regenerative medicine. To achieve their clinical potential, it is critical for PSCs to maintain genomic stability during the extended proliferation. The critical tumor suppressor p53 is required to maintain genomic stability of mammalian cells. In response to DNA damage or oncogenic stress, p53 plays multiple roles in maintaining genomic stability of somatic cells by inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence to prevent the passage of genetic mutations to the daughter cells. p53 is also required to maintain the genomic stability of PSCs. However, in response to the genotoxic stresses, a primary role of p53 in PSCs is to induce the differentiation of PSCs and inhibit pluripotency, providing mechanisms to maintain the genomic stability of the self-renewing PSCs. In addition, the roles of p53 in cellular metabolism might also contribute to genomic stability of PSCs by limiting oxidative stress. In summary, the elucidation of the roles of p53 in PSCs will be a prerequisite for developing safe PSC-based cell therapy.
Forest cover enhances natural enemy diversity and biological control services in Brazilian sun coffee plantations
Authors: Medeiros Hugo Reis , Grandinete Yuri Campanholo , Manning Paul , Harper Karen A. , Cutler G. Christopher , Tyedmers Peter , Righi Ciro Abbud , Ribeiro Milton Cezar 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Landscape structure and crop management directly affect insect communities, which can influence agriculturally relevant ecosystem services and disservices. However, little is known about the effect of landscape structure and local factors on pests, natural enemies, and biological control services in the Neotropics. We investigated how environmental conditions at local and landscape levels affect Leucoptera coffeella (insect pest), social wasps (natural enemies), and the provision of biological control services in 16 Brazilian coffee plantations under different crop management and landscape contexts. We considered microclimatic conditions, coffee plantation size, and management intensity at the local level; and forest cover, landscape diversity, and edge density at the landscape level. Pest population, wasp communities, and biocontrol services were monitored in wet and dry seasons when L. coffeella outbreaks occur. We found that the amount of forest in the surrounding landscape was more important for explaining patterns than the local environment, landscape diversity, or landscape configuration. In both seasons, L. coffeella was negatively affected by forest cover, whereas biological control and richness and abundance of social wasps increased with increasing forest cover at multiple spatial scales. Moreover, biological control was positively correlated with wasp abundance during pest outbreaks, suggesting that social wasps are important natural enemies and provide pest control services within coffee plantations. We provide the first empirical evidence that forest cover is important for the maintenance of social wasp diversity and associated pest control services in a Brazilian coffee-producing region.
Muscle Cramping During Exercise: Causes, Solutions, and Questions Remaining
Authors: Maughan Ronald J. , Shirreffs Susan M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMuscle cramp is a temporary but intense and painful involuntary contraction of skeletal muscle that can occur in many different situations. The causes of, and cures for, the cramps that occur during or soon after exercise remain uncertain, although there is evidence that some cases may be associated with disturbances of water and salt balance, while others appear to involve sustained abnormal spinal reflex activity secondary to fatigue of the affected muscles. Evidence in favour of a role for dyshydration comes largely from medical records obtained in large industrial settings, although it is supported by one large-scale intervention trial and by field trials involving small numbers of athletes. Cramp is notoriously unpredictable, making laboratory studies difficult, but experimental models involving electrical stimulation or intense voluntary contractions of small muscles held in a shortened position can induce cramp in many, although not all, individuals. These studies show that dehydration has no effect on the stimulation frequency required to initiate cramping and confirm a role for spinal pathways, but their relevance to the spontaneous cramps that occur during exercise is questionable. There is a long history of folk remedies for treatment or prevention of cramps; some may reduce the likelihood of some forms of cramping and reduce its intensity and duration, but none are consistently effective. It seems likely that there are different types of cramp that are initiated by different mechanisms; if this is the case, the search for a single strategy for prevention or treatment is unlikely to succeed.
Two Realist Idealists Theorizing the Rule of Law
Authors: Taekema Sanne 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This contribution discusses the links between Martin Krygier’s and Philip Selznick’s work on the ideal of the rule of law. The way Krygier explains and reconstructs Selznick’s theory is helpful, and yet raises questions about the content and application of the ideal. Understanding the development of the rule of law and the interrelation with another central legal ideal, justice, requires not only a realistic assessment but also a theoretical engagement with the ideals at stake.
Constitutional Values as the Normalisation of Societal Power: From a Moral Transvaluation to a Systemic Self-Valuation
Authors: Přibáň Jiří 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this article, I argue that values are fluid societal expectations which cannot be used as normative foundations of modern society. Despite their transcendental validity claims, they operate as immanent tools of the normalisation of societal power and contribute to the transformation ofpotentiaof societal forces to the constitutionalauctoritas. I subsequently argue that a sociology of constitutional values must address the distinction between moral values in law and law as a moral value. Constitutional processes of the transvaluation of values are complex forms of societal expectations in which understanding, consensus and conformity must be taken into account as much as confusion, dissent and deviance. I conclude by claiming that constitutional valuations and transvaluations need to be explained as part of the legal and political self-referentiality unlimited by nation-states and stretching into contemporary supranational and transnational regimes of law and their internal value productions.
Martin Krygier and the Tempering of Power
Authors: King Jeff 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This piece reflects rather admiringly on the methods and conceptual framework of Martin Krygier’s various contributions to our understanding of the rule of law. It examines his use of the idea of the telos of the rule of law, contrasting it with the approaches of theorists who seek to analyse the essence or ‘anatomy’ of the rule of law idea or of law itself. It then examines his notion of how the rule of law should be understood as the tempering of power. Largely agreeing with Krygier’s conception, the essay nevertheless suggests that the project might be improved by focusing on the telos or social functions of law rather than those claimed to be immanent in the rule of law. It also nudges Krygier to deepen the metaphor of tempering by clarifying the relationship between the rule of law and other key concepts such as liberty, human rights, and democracy.
The Rule of Law at Risk: What is Next?
Authors: Uitz Renata 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Written for a collection to celebrate the scholarship of Martin Krygier this brief essay explores some thorny questions surrounding the operation of the European Union’s mechanisms meant to safeguard the rule of law. It focuses on the hesitation of European constitutional actors to provide legal responses to the chicanery animating the actions of illiberal rulers as well as on the difficulties that follow from Article 7 TEU being framed as a risk assessment exercise.
Creative social media use and political participation in young people: The moderation and mediation role of online political expression
Authors: Zhu Alex Yue Feng , Chan Alex Lih Shing , Chou Kee Lee 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionEducators and policymakers promote political participation in young people as a means to strengthen the legitimacy of democracy. Creative social media use has grown in popularity in the digital age; however, this creative usage still receives inadequate attention in the literature—particularly its association with political participation.MethodThis study collected three‐wave panel data from a sample of young people living in Hong Kong (56.9% male, mean age = 18.81, standard deviation = 2.70) and used cross‐lagged structural equation modeling to evaluate the mediating and moderating roles of online political expression in the link between creative social media and political participation.Results and conclusionsThe results showed that creative social media use positively predicted political participation indirectly by the full mediation of enhanced online political expression. Findings did not reveal the moderation role of online political expression in the link between creative use of social media and political participation. Findings make important theoretical contributions in the field linking social media usage to political engagement.
The Role of Inflammation after Surgery for Elders (RISE) study: Study design, procedures, and cohort profile
Authors: Hshieh Tammy T. , Vasunilashorn Sarinnapha M. , D'Aquila Madeline L. , Arnold Steven E. , Dickerson Bradford C. , Fong Tamara G. , Jones Richard N. , Marcantonio Edward R. , Schmitt Eva M. , Xu Guoquan , Gou Yun , Chen Fan , Kunze Lisa J. , Vlassakov Kamen V. , Abdeen Ayesha R. , Lange Jeffrey K. , Earp Brandon E. , Touroutoglou Alexandra , Carlyle Becky C. , Kivisakk‐Webb Pia , Travison Thomas G. , Dillon Simon T. , Libermann Towia A. , Inouye Sharon K. ,   RISE Study Group, Inouye Sharon K. , Arnold Steven , Dickerson Bradford , Fong Tamara , Jones Richard , Libermann Towia A. , Marcantonio Edward R. , Travison Thomas , Carlyle Becky C. , Cavallari Michele , Dillon Simon T. , Hooker Jacob , Hshieh Tammy , Kandigian Savannah , Kivisakk‐Webb Pia , Ngo Long , Otu Hasan , Schmitt Eva M. , Touroutoglou Alexandra , Trombetta Bianca , Vasunilashorn Sarinnapha , Abdeen Ayesha , Ayres Douglas , Earp Brandon , Lange Jeffrey , Brick Gregory , Chen Antonia , Davis Robert , Drew Jacob , Iorio Richard , Kornack Fulton , Weaver Michael , Webber Anthony , Wilk Richard , Kunze Lisa , Shaff David , Vlassakov Kamen , Armstrong Brett , Banda Angelee , Bertrand Sylvie , D'Aquila Madeline , Gallagher Jacqueline , Hightower Baileigh , Malloy Shannon , Nee Jacqueline , Nobuhara Chloe , Overstreet Abigail , Racine Annie , Urick David , Xu Guoquan , Arabasz Grae , Brickhouse Michael , Butterfield Regan , Hsu Shirley , Makaretz Sara , Sore Judit , Chen Fan , Gou Yun , Tommet Douglas , Carretie Sabrina , Gruen Ted , Tasker Katherine 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe Role of Inflammation after Surgery for Elders study correlates novel inflammatory markers measured in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) assays, and [11C]‐PBR28 positron‐emission tomography imaging.MethodsThis study involved a prospective cohort design with patients who underwent elective hip and knee arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia. Sixty‐five adults participated with their family members. Inflammatory biomarker assays were measured preoperatively on day 1 and postoperatively at one month.ResultsOn average, participants were 75 years old, and 72% were female. 54% underwent total knee arthroplasty, and 46% underwent total hip arthroplasty. The mean Modified Mini‐Mental State (3MS) Examination score was 89.3; four patients (6%) scored ≤77 points. Plasma assays were completed in 63 (97%) participants, cerebrospinal fluid assays in 61 (94%), and PET imaging in 44 (68%).DiscussionThis complex study presents an innovative effort to correlate peripheral and central inflammatory biomarkers before and after major surgery in older adults. Strengths include collecting concurrent blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and positron‐emission tomography with detailed clinical characterization of delirium, cognition, and functional status.
Linking the low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐binding segment enables the therapeutic 5‐YHEDA peptide to cross the blood‐brain barrier and scavenge excess iron and radicals in the brain of senescent mice
Authors: Zou Zhenyou , Shao Shengxi , Zou Ruyi , Qi Jini , Chen Liguan , Zhang Hui , Shen Qiqiong , Yang Yue , Ma Liman , Guo Ruzeng , Li Hongwen , Tian Haibo , Li Pengxin , Yu Mingfang , Wang Lu , Kong Wenjuan , Li Caiyu , Yu Zhenhai , Huang Yuping , Chen Li , Shao Qi , Gao Xinyan , Chen Xiaolin , Zhang Zhengbo , Yan Jianguo , Shao Xiaoyun , Pan Ru , Xu Lu , Fang Jing , Zhao Lei , Huang Yaohui , Li Anqi , Zhang Yuchong , Huang Wenkao , Tian Kechun , Hu Minxin , Xie Linchao , Wu Lingbin , Wu Yu , Luo Zhen , Xiao Wenxin , Ma Shanshan , Wang Jianan , Huang Kaixin , He Siyuan , Yang Fan , Zhou Shuni , Jia Mo , Zhang Hui , Lu Hongsheng , Wang Xinjuan , Tan Jie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionIron accumulates in the brain during aging, which catalyzes radical formation, causing neuronal impairment, and is thus considered a pathogenic factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To scavenge excess iron‐catalyzed radicals and thereby protect the brain and decrease the incidence of AD, we synthesized a soluble pro‐iron 5‐YHEDA peptide. However, the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) blocks large drug molecules from entering the brain and thus strongly reduces their therapeutic effects. However, alternative receptor‐ or transporter‐mediated approaches are possible.MethodsA low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)‐binding segment of Apolipoprotein B‐100 was linked to the 5‐YHEDA peptide (bs‐5‐YHEDA) and intracardially injected into senescent (SN) mice that displayed symptoms of cognitive impairment similar to those of people with AD.ResultsWe successfully delivered 5‐YHEDA across the BBB into the brains of the SN mice via vascular epithelium LDLR‐mediated endocytosis. The data showed that excess brain iron and radical‐induced neuronal necrosis were reduced after the bs‐5‐YHEDA treatment, together with cognitive amelioration in the SN mouse, and that the senescence‐associated ferritin and transferrin increase, anemia and inflammation reversed without kidney or liver injury.Discussionbs‐5‐YHEDA may be a mild and safe iron remover that can cross the BBB and enter the brain to relieve excessive iron‐ and radical‐induced cognitive disorders.