bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Analysis of Hypo-Exponential and Hyper-Exponential Distributions in Solving Performance Measures for General Phase Type Distributions
Authors: Agboola Sunday Olanrewaju , Ayoade Abayomi , Washachi Dekera , Abdullahi Mohammed 
Published: December 2024

The importance of phase-type distribution in modeling activities cannot be under emphasized when both a distribution's initial and second moments are accessible, or when the sequence of data points for computing moments is the information available. In continuous time process for an absorbing finite state Markov chain, the phase-type distribution can be thought of as the of the time until absorption, and it is widely used in queueing theories and other fields of applied probabilities. The common phase-type distributions are generalized Erlang, Coxian, Hypo-exponential, and Hyper-exponential distributions. In this study, performance measures of phase-type distribution using Hypo-exponential, and Hyper-exponential distributions have been looked into, in order to provide meaningful study into the probability function, mean, moment, variance, Laplace Stieltjes transform and squared coefficient of variation of phase type distribution. The study started by considering the tractability and memory less properties of exponential distribution, and since these properties are not enough, we examined the journey through a series of exponential phases to arrive at performance measures. Illustrative examples are demonstrated for various cases to arrive at various values for probability functions, Laplace Stieltjes transform, squared coefficient of variation, moment, mean and variance for the phase type distribution.
Transient Models of a Photophoretically Filtering Structure in the Stratosphere
Authors: Sani Hadiza Nass 
Published: December 2024

The stratosphere has very little convection and tends to trap any dust and gases that enter this region from the atmosphere. This study suggests how dust and particles can be filtered from the stratosphere by a 2-plated parallel-walled infinite rotatable, levitating vertical/horizontal channel (preferably) perforated with holes which have pockets on the cooler upper wall for collecting particles. A movement of particles by light called photophoresis, is caused by the radiative warming layer of a sandwich structure. Collisions of gases with surface of structure and thermal gradients between the two thin plates will also deflect particles. Equations of momentum and energy are solved using an implicit finite difference scheme while exact solutions are presented for steady state dimensionless velocity, concentration and temperature for a fully developed flow. Heat and mass transfer characteristics of parameters like time are displayed graphically. Combined photophoretic and thermophoretic effect on water particles is negligible when compared to soot or dust particles Sc=600.
The Empirical Study of Technology Acceptance Model among Mobile Banking Users in Indonesia
Authors: Palumian Yonathan , Tarigan Zeplin Jiwa Husada , Garvey Fransiscus Solanus Rayhan , Sundari Santi 
Published: December 2024

Mobile banking is an innovation of banking services developed to facilitate the activities and financial transactions of customers. Mobile banking offers a high degree of ease and flexibility so it can be used anywhere and anytime through the practices of each user. The continued use of mobile banking is influenced by several important factors including expectation-confirmation, satisfaction, and perceived usefulness. The study aims to test the role of the above three factors in their influence on sustainable intentions among mobile banking users in Indonesia. The explanatory research with this quantitative approach involved 326 respondents in an online questionnaire-based survey. Using partial least square (PLS-SEM) as the data analysis technique, this study explains that perceived usefulness and satisfaction have a significant influence on continuous usage intention while expectation-confirmation has no significant effect on the continuous intention.
Association between hand grip strength and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alghadier Mshari , Almasoud Nada , Alharthi Dalia , Alrashdi Omar , Albesher Reem 
Published: December 2024

Background
Cerebral palsy (CP) covers a wide range of causes and symptoms. It is characterized by persistent motor and postural dysfunction caused by a non-progressing pathological lesion of the immature brain. Development of fine motor skills, such as the ability to manipulate objects with smaller muscles, is crucial for a child’s development. It is evident that there is a lack of hand grip strength (HGS) and quality of life (QoL) data in children with CP compared to typically developed (TD) children. Understanding the relationship between these factors might help facilitate healthcare provision and provide insight into rehabilitation programs. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between HGS and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with CP compared to TD children.

Methods
An experimental cross-sectional study was conducted and 60 children (30 CP and 30 TD) were chosen; age, gender, height, weight, body mass index, preferred hand, number of siblings, school attendance, and housing type data were collected. HGS was measured using a standard hand dynamometer, and HRQoL was measured using the KIDSCREEN-10 item questionnaire.

Results
There was a statistically significant main effect of gender on the average HGS, F (1, 56) = 24.09, p < 0.001, and the KIDSCREEN-10 sum score, F (1, 56) = 8.66, p < 0.001, and the main effect of group on the KIDSCREEN-10 sum score, F (1, 56) = 17.64, p < 0.001. A significant correlation between HGS and the KIDSCREEN-10 sum score in the CP group (r = 0.35, p = 0.03), and the TD group (r = 0.56, p = 0.001).

Conclusion
HGS was lower in children with CP, and girls had significantly lower HGS compared to boys in both groups, CP and TD children. HRQoL was significantly lower in children with CP, with boys reporting higher HRQoL on the KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire compared to girls. Our data showed that the higher the KIDSCREEN-10 sum score is, the stronger the HGS of children in both groups. The results of this study indicate that hand grip strength may significantly impact the QoL of children with CP. A correlation between HGS and HRQoL points to the importance of improving strength in children with CP through interventions and directed rehabilitation programs.
miRNAs as radio‐response biomarkers for breast cancer stem cells
Authors: Griñán‐Lisón Carmen , Olivares‐Urbano María Auxiliadora , Jiménez Gema , López‐Ruiz Elena , del Val Coral , Morata‐Tarifa Cynthia , Entrena José Manuel , González‐Ramírez Amanda Rocío , Boulaiz Houria , Zurita Herrera Mercedes , Núñez María Isabel , Marchal Juan Antonio 
Published: January 2020

In breast cancer (BC), the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been related to relapse, metastasis, and radioresistance. Radiotherapy (RT) is an extended BC treatment, but is not always effective. CSCs have several mechanisms of radioresistance in place, and some miRNAs are involved in the cellular response to ionizing radiation (IR). Here, we studied how IR affects the expression of miRNAs related to stemness in different molecular BC subtypes. Exposition of BC cells to radiation doses of 2, 4, or 6 Gy affected their phenotype, functional characteristics, pluripotency gene expression, and in vivo tumorigenic capacity. This held true for various molecular subtypes of BC cells (classified by ER, PR and HER‐2 status), and for BC cells either plated in monolayer, or being in suspension as mammospheres. However, the effect of IR on the expression of eight stemness‐ and radioresistance‐related miRNAs (miR‐210, miR‐10b, miR‐182, miR‐142, miR‐221, miR‐21, miR‐93, miR‐15b) varied, depending on cell line subpopulation and clinicopathological features of BC patients. Therefore, clinicopathological features and, potentially also, chemotherapy regimen should be both taken into consideration, for determining a potential miRNA signature by liquid biopsy in BC patients treated with RT. Personalized and precision RT dosage regimes could improve the prognosis, treatment, and survival of BC patients.
Fluoride resistance in fibroblasts is conferred via reduced susceptibility to oxidative stress and apoptosis
Authors: Ni Jing , Zhong Zhe , Zhang Wu , Liu Bin , Shu Rong , Li Yiming 
Published: January 2020

Chronic fluoride exposure from drinking water may result in endemic fluorosis. To better understand the mechanisms by which some people are resistant to fluorosis, here we investigated the effect of treatment with NaF (sodium fluoride) on production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), morphological changes in mitochondria, the mRNA expression of Fas ligand (Fas‐L), and the protein expression of cleaved caspase‐3 in regular L‐929 cells and fluoride‐resistant (FR) L‐929 cells. While morphological changes indicative of apoptosis and a network of fragmented mitochondria were observed in regular L‐929 cells after NaF treatment, there were no morphological changes in FR L‐929 cells after NaF treatment. Treatment with 10 mm NaF induced a significant difference in the production of ROS, triggered the expression of cleaved caspase‐3, and upregulated the mRNA expression of Fas‐L in regular L‐929 cells. However, there was no significant production of ROS in FR L‐929 cells. Additionally, cleaved caspase‐3 and upregulated Fas‐L were not detected in FR L‐929 cells. These results suggest that FR fibroblasts are resistant to oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by fluoride.
Assessing students' use of optional online lecture reviews
Authors: Corral Daniel , Carpenter Shana K. , Perkins Kyle , Gentile Douglas A. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryOnline practice quizzes can be used to supplement instruction in the classroom. Such quizzes can engage retrieval practice, thereby improving learning and retention. However, despite their potential benefits, recent work suggests that students typically underutilize online practice quizzes. This article reports an observational classroom study, in which students were provided optional online reviews throughout the semester. The reviews could be accessed in test format, in which students were given multiple‐choice questions and provided correct answer feedback, or in read format in which students were given the same questions and were shown the correct answers. Students who used the test format performed better on exams than students who used the read format or did not use the reviews. Nevertheless, the massive majority of the online reviews (approximately 88%) were not completed, highlighting the tendency for students to underutilize optional online reviews.
Piezoelectricity in Multilayer Black Phosphorus for Piezotronics and Nanogenerators
Authors: Ma Wenda , Lu Junfeng , Wan Bensong , Peng Dengfeng , Xu Qian , Hu Guofeng , Peng Yiyao , Pan Caofeng , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecently, piezoelectric characteristics have been a research focus for 2D materials because of their broad potential applications. Black phosphorus (BP) is a monoelemental 2D material predicted to be piezoelectric because of its highly directional properties and non‐centrosymmetric lattice structure. However, piezoelectricity is hardly reported in monoelemental materials owing to their lack of ionic polarization, but piezoelectric generation is consistent with the non‐centrosymmetric structure of BP. Theoretical calculations of phosphorene have explained the origin of piezoelectric polarization among P atoms. However, the disappearance of piezoelectricity in multilayer 2D material generally arises from the opposite orientations of adjacent atomic layers, whereas this effect is limited in BP lattices due to their spring‐shaped space structure. Here, the existence of in‐plane piezoelectricity is experimentally reported for multilayer BP along the armchair direction. Current–voltage measurements demonstrate a piezotronic effect in this orientation, and cyclic compression and release of BP flakes show an intrinsic current output as large as 4 pA under a compressive strain of −0.72%. The discovery of piezoelectricity in multilayer BP can lead to further understanding of this mechanism in monoelemental materials.
Efficient Spin‐Orbit Torque Switching of the Semiconducting Van Der Waals Ferromagnet Cr2Ge2Te6
Authors: Ostwal Vaibhav , Shen Tingting , Appenzeller Joerg 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBeing able to electrically manipulate the magnetic properties in recently discovered van der Waals ferromagnets is essential for their integration in future spintronics devices. Here, the magnetization of a semiconducting 2D ferromagnet, i.e., Cr2Ge2Te6, is studied using the anomalous Hall effect in Cr2Ge2Te6/tantalum heterostructures. The thinner the flakes, hysteresis and remanence in the magnetization loop with out‐of‐plane magnetic fields become more prominent. In order to manipulate the magnetization in such thin flakes, a combination of an in‐plane magnetic field and a charge current flowing through Ta—a heavy metal exhibiting giant spin Hall effect—is used. In the presence of in‐plane fields of 20 mT, charge current densities as low as 5 × 105 A cm–2 are sufficient to switch the out‐of‐plane magnetization of Cr2Ge2Te6. This finding highlights that current densities required for spin‐orbit torque switching of Cr2Ge2Te6 are about two orders of magnitude lower than those required for switching nonlayered metallic ferromagnets such as CoFeB. The results presented here show the potential of 2D ferromagnets for low‐power memory and logic applications.
Color‐Tunable Polymeric Long‐Persistent Luminescence Based on Polyphosphazenes
Authors: Wang Zhonghao , Zhang Yongfeng , Wang Chang , Zheng Xian , Zheng Yan , Gao Liang , Yang Chaolong , Li Youbing , Qu Lunjun , Zhao Yanli 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOrganic long‐persistent luminescence (OLPL) materials have attracted wide attention on account of their fascinating luminescence properties, presenting application prospects in the fields of bioimaging, information security, displays, anti‐counterfeiting, and so on. Some effective strategies have been developed to promote the intersystem crossing (ISC) of the excited singlet state to triplet state and limit nonradiative transition, and thus OLPL materials with long lifetime (more than 1s) and high quantum yield have been explored. However, OLPL materials with dynamic and excitation‐dependent characteristics are rarely reported. In this work, two novel polyphosphazene derivatives containing carbazolyl units are designed and synthesized successfully, and then they are doped into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films to achieve polymeric long‐persistent luminescence (PLPL). Unexpectedly, excitation‐dependent PLPL (ED‐PLPL) is obtained under ambient conditions (in air at room temperature), and the persistent luminescence color can be changed from blue to green upon varying the excitation wavelength. At the same time, a dynamic cycle of ED‐PLPL is realized based on the formation and destruction of hydrogen bonding interactions between the PVA chains and polyphosphazene phosphor. This work provides a new strategy for the design of color‐tunable polymeric luminescent materials under ambient conditions.
Void‐Free Layered Polymeric Architectures via Capillary‐Action of Nanoporous Films
Authors: Lee Jeonyoon , Kessler Seth S. , Wardle Brian L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHere, a nanomaterial with morphology‐controlled nanoscale capillaries is utilized to overcome manufacturing challenges in layered polymeric architectures. It is demonstrated that the capillary pressure from a nanoporous film replaces the need for applied pressure to manufacture void‐free layered polymeric architectures. Manufacturing of aerospace‐grade advanced carbon fiber composites is performed for the first time without utilizing pressure from an autoclave. Combined with a conductive curing approach, this work allows advanced composites to be manufactured without costly oven or pressure vessel infrastructure. The nanomaterial‐enabled capillary pressure is quantified as 50% greater than typical pressures used in such processing, and is anticipated to overcome the limitations imposed by the requirement of high applied pressure in many other applications such as adhesive joining of various bulk materials including metals, press forming, and closed‐mold infusion processing of layered composites and polymers.
Supramolecular Protein Assembly Retains Its Structural Integrity at Liquid–Liquid Interface
Authors: Sarker Mridul , Lee Hwankyu , Gonçalves Rui A. , Lam Yeng Ming , Su Haibin , Lim Sierin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAdsorption of globular proteins at liquid–liquid interface results in compromised structures and functionalities to maintain a thermodynamically favorable state. However, the structural behavior of highly symmetrical supramolecular protein assemblies, adsorbed at the liquid–liquid interface, is not well understood. In this study, a model supramolecular protein assembly, E2 protein nanocage, a dodecahedral cage‐structured protein, is studied upon adsorption at the oil–water interface by both theoretical and experimental analyses. Molecular dynamics simulations and force estimation reveal that noncovalent interactions between E2 subunits dominate over the tangential force experienced by E2 at the interface allowing it to retain its structural integrity. Experimental analyses confirm the adsorption of E2 on the liquid–liquid interface with negligible penetration depth. Molecular structural analyses further suggest the structural integrity of the caged structure of E2 at the oil–water interface with minimal change in the tertiary and secondary structures. In conclusion, this study brings new insights into the behavior of highly symmetrical supramolecular protein assemblies at liquid–liquid interface which is important in preserving their functionalities.
Self‐Supplying Liquidity Oil‐Adsorbed Slippery Smooth Surface for Both Liquid and Solid Repellency
Authors: Manabe Kengo , Nakano Miki , Hibi Yuko , Miyake Koji 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInspired by pitcher‐plants, slippery liquid‐infused surfaces (LISs) comprised of a textured/smooth base‐layer and a liquid‐layer are an exciting emerging class of super‐repellent surfaces. Herein, a smooth LIS with a flat base‐layer is developed as a multifunctional tribosurface, which is termed a friction‐reducing liquidity oil‐adsorbed tribo‐surface (FLOAT). The FLOAT is constructed via a novel self‐supplying lubricant strategy from liquid‐adsorbed smooth surfaces based on π–COOH interactions at the interface between the solid base‐layer and the infused‐liquid‐layer, resulting in a drastic friction reduction. The FLOAT demonstrates a friction coefficient of 0.05 for loads less than the strength of the coating; for loads greater than or equal to the strength of the coating, a friction coefficient of 0.08 is achieved by holding the liquid‐layer between the FLOATs base‐layer and the friction object using a self‐supplying liquid‐layer based on the interactions of the phenyl groups at the selectively collapsing concaves of the coating. Furthermore, the FLOAT easily sheds off both viscous and viscoelastic materials, shows high transparency, and can be easily fabricated using a controllable patterning surface. The FLOAT demonstrated herein shows potential as a next‐generation tribosurface and provides new insights for the design of multifunctional liquid surfaces for various practical applications.
In Situ Integration of SERS Sensors for On‐Chip Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Han Bing , Gao Yuan‐Yuan , Zhu Lin , Ma Zhuo‐Chen , Zhang Xu‐Lin , Ding Hong , Zhang Yong‐Lai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe rapid progress of microfluidics has contributed to modern analytical methodology. However, in situ integration of chemical/biological sensors for on‐chip reaction monitoring remains a big challenge. Herein, reported is the fabrication of an integrated surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor and graphene‐based catalytic chip by laser scribing of graphene oxide (GO) and Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite (AgNPs@GO). The surface plasmonic effect of AgNPs can promote the photoreduction of GO, inducing a high porous nanostructure. By combining the AgNPs@RGO nanocomposite patterns with polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic channels, a bi‐functional microfluidic chip capable of on‐chip catalysis and SERS detection is fabricated. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, on‐chip AgNPs‐catalyzed 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) reduction has been implemented, in which the reaction process can be well monitored using the in situ SERS sensor. The integration of SERS sensors with functional microfluidic devices may hold great promise for developing advanced Lab‐on‐a‐Chip systems.
Sodium Sulfide Cathodes Superseding Hard Carbon Pre‐sodiation for the Production and Operation of Sodium–Sulfur Batteries at Room Temperature
Authors: Bloi Luise Maria , Pampel Jonas , Dörfler Susanne , Althues Holger , Kaskel Stefan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study demonstrates for the first time a room temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na–S) full cell assembled based on a pristine hard carbon (HC) anode combined with a nanostructured Na2S/C cathode. The development of cells without the demanding, time‐consuming and costly pre‐sodiation of the HC anode is essential for the realization of practically relevant RT Na–S prototype batteries. New approaches for Na2S/C cathode fabrication employing carbothermal reduction of Na2SO4 at varying temperatures (660 to 1060 °C) are presented. Initial evaluation of the resulting cathodes in a dedicated cell setup reveals 36 stable cycles and a capacity of 740 mAh gS−1, which correlates to ≈85% of the maximum value known from literature on Na2S‐based cells. The Na2S/C cathode with the highest capacity utilization is implemented into a full cell concept applying a pristine HC anode. Various full cell electrolyte compositions with fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additive have been combined with a special charging procedure during the first cycle supporting in situ solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation on the HC anode to obtain increased cycling stability and cathode utilization. The best performing cell setup has delivered a total of 350 mAh gS−1, representing the first functional full cell based on a Na2S/C cathode and a pristine HC anode today.
Combining ability of biomass sorghum in different crop years and sites for bioenergy generation
Authors: da Silva Michele Jorge , Damasceno Cynthia Maria Borges , Carneiro José Eustáquio de Souza , Pereira Helcio Duarte , Crescêncio Souza Carneiro Pedro , Schaffert Robert Eugene , Parrella Rafael Augusto da Costa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBiomass sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is considered as a raw material of great potential for bioenergy generation. The objective of this study was to estimate the combining ability of biomass sorghum of A and R lines, carrying the bmr‐6 allele, evaluating different crop years and site effect, aiming at the bioenergetic potential for the production of second‐generation ethanol. Four male‐sterile lines (A), and 10 fertility restorative lines (R) were used, obtaining 40 hybrids bmr and sensitive to the photoperiod. From the F1 seeds, four experiments were conducted in different crop years and sites. The data were submitted to individual diallel analysis according to IV model proposed by Griffing (1956), adapted for partial diallel design by Geraldi and Miranda Filho (1988). Promising lines were identified to breeding line groups A and R, aiming to obtain new lines breeding to obtain superior hybrids. The crop year and site effects were significant for most traits. The use of partial diallel analysis is promising for the biomass sorghum breeding program and A and R lines with potential bioenergetic were identified for the production of second‐generation ethanol.