bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics Analysis and Synoptic Features of Event‐Based Regional Heatwaves Over China
Authors: Yu Yue , Shao Quanxi , Lin Zhaohui , Kang In‐Sik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExtreme weather is a global challenge due to its severe impact on environment and society. Existing studies focus on specific extreme events or long‐term characteristics of individual indices. Event‐based concept was proposed to more accurately understand features of extreme events and achieve results closer to realistic extreme processes. In this study, the event‐based concept was extended to spatial dimension to simultaneously investigate multiple features in space and time. After homogeneous regions were identified, extreme events in each region were clustered into different types and then subsequent statistical analyses were conducted. The event‐based concept provides further insight into potential driving mechanisms by synoptic features analysis. To evaluate our framework, heatwave in China was chosen as a case study due to its severe impact on socioeconomy and China's complex topography and climate. The results revealed details about the regional features in northwest China and vast spatial extent along the middle and lower Yangtze River. Different heatwave types showed different characteristics in different regions. Severer heatwaves generally had larger magnitude in various features. Synoptic feature analysis revealed that heatwave events in northwest China were influenced by the Iranian Subtropical High and surface temperature advection from the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. The western Pacific subtropical high impacts the heatwave events in eastern China. The western spread of the subtropical high and cold waves from north spawn and finish heatwaves in Sichuan Basin. The correlation analysis between circulation anomalies at the start of heatwaves and the overall features of events was concluded in the most heat‐impacted region.
Planetary‐Scale Wave Impacts on the Venusian Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere
Authors: Brecht A. S. , Bougher S. W. , Shields D. , Liu H.‐L. , Lee C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis work examines the planetary wave‐induced variability within the upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere of Venus by utilizing the Venus Thermospheric General Circulation Model (VTGCM). Rossby and Kelvin wave perturbations are driven by variations in the geopotential height of the VTGCM lower boundary (∼70 km). A suite of simulations was conducted to examine the impact of the individual and combined waves propagating from two different lower boundary conditions (uniform and varying). The Kelvin wave is the more dominant wave which produces the most variability. The combination of the Kelvin and Rossby waves provides a maximum temperature amplitude of 13 K at 92 km and maximum zonal wind amplitude of 23 m/s at 102 km. The combined waves overall are able to propagate up to 125 km. Most of the variation within the temperature, winds, and composition occurs between 70 and 110 km. The varying lower boundary increases the magnitude of the wave deposition and atmospheric responses, but weakly changes the propagation altitude. The thermal variation due to the planetary waves does not reproduce most observed variations. The simulated O2 IR nightglow emission is sensitive to the waves with respect to intensity and local time, but lacks latitudinal variation. The integrated intensity ranges from 1.2 MR to 1.65 MR and the local time ranges from 0.33 local time to 23.6 local time. Overall, planetary waves do affect the atmospheric structure, but there are still large observed variations that planetary waves alone cannot explain (i.e., thermal structure).
Dielectric Properties of the Medusae Fossae Formation and Implications for Ice Content
Authors: Campbell Bruce A. , Watters Thomas R. , Morgan Gareth A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe extensive Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) along the dichotomy boundary on Mars has geologic features indicative of wind erosion of low‐density material. There is evidence suggesting a water ice component, but with considerable uncertainty linked to the unknown MFF porosity and compaction behavior. We use SHARAD radar sounder data to estimate the real permittivity and loss tangent of MFF deposits, and compare these to a model for sediment compaction and to the properties of ice in mid‐latitude glaciers. In areas along the margins of Eumenides Dorsum, between Gordii Dorsum and Amazonis Mensa, and in northwest Zephyria Planum, the loss tangent is about 0.001 at 170 m and plateaus at about 0.003 for 310–550 m thickness. The real dielectric constant across the study areas ranges from 2 to 3. We propose that the MFF is a two‐layer deposit, with 300–600 m of fine‐grained, self‐compacting material above up to 2 km of minimally compacting, low‐loss material. The lower unit could be ice‐free and very coarse‐grained, but we see no evidence of extensive sand exposed by erosion. The lower layer might instead be ice‐rich and protected from sublimation by the dry cover. The volume of cover relative to a high ice content in the lower layer implies hybrid MFF formation as glacial or polar layered deposits capped by a dry, perhaps pyroclastic ash, component.
Right Mini-Thoracotomy for Aortic Plus Mitral with or without Tricuspid Valve Surgery
Authors: Faerber Gloria , Tkebuchava Sophie , Scherag André , Bley Maximilian , Kirov Hristo , Diab Mahmoud , Doenst Torsten 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives Minimally invasive surgery is increasingly performed for isolated aortic or mitral valve procedures. However, combined minimally invasive aortic and mitral valve surgery is rare. We report our initial experience performing multiple valve procedures through a right-sided mini-thoracotomy (RMT) compared with sternotomy.
Methods A total of 264 patients underwent aortic and mitral with or without tricuspid valve surgery through RMT (n = 25) or sternotomy (n = 239). Propensity score matching was used for outcome comparisons.
Results Of the 264 patients, 25 (age: 72 ± 10 years; 72% male) underwent double (n = 19) and triple valve surgery (n = 6) through RMT and 239 (age: 71 ± 11 years; 54% male) underwent double (n = 176) and triple valve surgery (n = 63) through sternotomy. Sternotomy patients had more co-morbidities and preoperative risk factors (EuroSCORE II 10.25 ± 10.89 vs. RMT 3.58. ± 4.98; p < 0.001). RMT procedures were uneventful without intraoperative complications or conversions to sternotomy. After propensity score matching, surgical procedures were comparable between groups with a higher valve repair rate in RMT. Despite longer cardiopulmonary bypass times in RMT, there was no evidence for differences in 30-day mortality (RMT: n = 2 vs. sternotomy: n = 2) and there were no significant differences in other outcomes. During 5-year follow-up, reoperation was required in sternotomy patients only (n = 2). Follow-up echocardiography showed durable results after valve surgery. RMT patients showed higher survival probability compared with sternotomy, although this difference was not significant (hazard ratio = 0.33; 95% confidence interval: 0.06–1.65; p = 0.18).
Conclusion Combined aortic plus mitral with or without tricuspid valve surgery can safely be performed through a RMT with a trend toward better mid-term outcomes.
Evaluation of the Clinical Features of 81 Patients with COVID-19: An Unpredictable Disease in Children
Authors: Temel Hayrettin , Gündüz Mehmet , Arslan Hüseyin , Ünal Füsun , Atağ Emine , Cömert Murat , Doğan Mehmet Sait , Erkesim Remzi , Okur Mesut , Öktem Sedat , Tosun Ayşe İstanbullu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective Data on the prognosis of clinical features of pediatric patients affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is insufficient. This study aimed to examine the clinical, laboratory, and radiology findings of pediatric patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
Methods A total of 81 pediatric patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 who were admitted to the pediatric clinics of our tertiary care hospital in Istanbul between March 22 and May 1, 2020, were included in the study.
Results Of the patients, 40 (49.6%) were boys and 41 (50.6%) were girls. The mean age of the patients was 9.3 ± 5.5 years (range: 1 month–16 years). The most common symptoms were cough (28.4%) and fever (25.9%). A total of 26 patients (32.1%) had pharyngeal erythema. There was no significant difference between age groups in terms of symptoms, findings, clinical picture, history of contact, and clinical course (p > 0.001 for each). Abnormal findings were observed in seven (8.6%) patients on chest X-ray, and in four patients (4.9%) on thorax computed tomography. Only three of the patients were hospitalized and all of them discharged with healing.
Conclusion The present study is the most comprehensive study on children diagnosed with COVID-19 in our country, which showed that the COVID-19 picture was mild in pediatric patients, but the signs and symptoms in children were not specific to the disease. Our findings also showed that the rate of asymptomatic infection in children was high and that it was difficult to recognize COVID-19 in children.
Elementary excitations in fractional quantum Hall effect from classical constraints
Authors: Yang Bo , Balram Ajit C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Classical constraints on the reduced density matrix of quantum fluids in a single Landau level termed as local exclusion conditions (LECs) (Yang 2019 Phys. Rev. B
100 241302), have recently been shown to characterize the ground state of many fractional quantum Hall (FQH) phases. In this work, we extend the LEC construction to build the elementary excitations, namely quasiholes and quasielectrons, of these FQH phases. In particular, we elucidate the quasihole counting, categorize various types of quasielectrons, and construct their microscopic wave functions. Our extensive numerical calculations indicate that the undressed quasielectron excitations of the Laughlin state obtained from LECs are topologically equivalent to those obtained from the composite fermion theory. Intriguingly, the LEC construction unveils interesting connections between different FQH phases and offers a novel perspective on exotic states such as the Gaffnian and the Fibonacci state.
Platypnoea–orthodeoxia syndrome induced by short-term weight loss: a case series
Authors: Tamura Yudai , Sakamoto Tomohiro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Platypnoea–orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) is an uncommon condition characterized by dyspnoea and arterial desaturation in the standing or sitting position that improves in the supine position.

Case summary
We report two cases of POS caused by an atrial septal defect (ASD) and a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Both cases reported a recent decrease in body weight of more than 10 kg in a short time period. Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) with agitated saline bubble study revealed and a large amount of contrast bubble through the ASD (Patient 1) or the PFO (Patient 2) from the right atrium to the left atrium in the sitting position. Both patients were diagnosed by the finding of positional dyspnoea and the results of TOE using agitated saline bubble contrast.

Discussion
Taken together, their presentations suggest that weight loss in a short time period could be a pathogenic factor for POS.
Social Relationships and Self-Perceptions of Aging
Authors: Skoblow Hanamori , Proulx Christine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recent research has demonstrated that social relationships are positively associated with self-perceptions of aging (SPA; Santini et al., 2019), although to date, this evidence is cross-sectional. The current study builds on previous work and explores the longitudinal relation between social relationships and SPA, and whether these associations might be buffered by perceived mastery. Using repeated measures data from three waves (2008, 2012, and 2016) of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we examined how relationship quality (i.e., support and strain) influenced self-perceptions of aging among adults aged 65+ (n = 1477). Greater support from friends in 2008 was significantly associated with better SPA in 2016, and this effect was amplified by high levels of mastery in 2012. That is, older adults with high mastery and high friend support reported more positive SPA than individuals with less mastery or friend support, controlling for gender, age, race, education, income, depressive symptoms, self-rated health, and baseline SPA. Relationship quality with spouse, children, and other family members were not significant predictors of SPA, nor did mastery moderate the association between these relationships and SPA. These results provide evidence for the importance of interpersonal factors such as friendship quality and individual factors in understanding older adults’ perceptions of the aging process.
Chinese American Caregivers of Older Adults With Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hu Mengyao , Grunin Laura , Wu Bei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With the rapid growth of aging populations, the number of older adults with dementia is increasing worldwide. While there is a significant amount of research on dementia caregivers, we know very little about Chinese American (the largest subgroup of the Asian American population in America) caregivers. Therefore, the aims of this study are to 1) conduct a scoping review by identifying existing studies on Chinese American dementia caregivers, 2) present the current state of the science on Chinese American dementia caregiving, and 3) provide direction for future research. Twenty-one studies were included in the final review with 3 main themes synthesized (care experience, utilization of programs/services, and recruitment for caregivers). Care experience included illness perception towards Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementia (ADRD) such as stigma and normalization of the disease process. Filial piety was another important cultural belief underpinning care experience. An underutilization of supportive programs/services among this population was identified. Additionally, the few existing programs/services for Chinese American caregivers as well as the barriers encountered when seeking these programs/services were seen in the literature. The strategies and barriers of the included research articles for recruitment of Chinese American caregivers are also discussed in this study. These findings provide an overview of the current knowledge about Chinese American caregivers and serve as a stepping stone for future studies on similar populations in promoting caregiver’s health and developing culturally sensitive caregiver support services.
Optimal definition of contemporary groups for crossbred pigs in a joint purebred and crossbred genetic evaluation
Authors: Steyn Yvette , Lourenco Daniela A , Chen Ching-Yi , Valente Bruno D , Holl Justin , Herring William O , Misztal Ignacy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the pig industry, purebred animals are raised in nucleus herds and selected to produce crossbred progeny to perform in commercial environments. Crossbred and purebred performances are different, correlated traits. All purebreds in a pen have their performance assessed together at the end of a performance test. However, only selected crossbreds are removed (based on visual inspection) and measured at different times creating many small contemporary groups (CGs). This may reduce estimated breeding value (EBV) prediction accuracies. Considering this sequential recording of crossbreds, the objective was to investigate the impact of different CG definitions on genetic parameters and EBV prediction accuracy for crossbred traits. Growth rate (GP) and ultrasound backfat (BFP) records were available for purebreds. Lifetime growth (GX) and backfat (BFX) were recorded on crossbreds. Different CGs were tested: CG_all included farm, sex, birth year, and birth week; CG_week added slaughter week; and CG_day used slaughter day instead of week. Data of 124,709 crossbreds were used. The purebred phenotypes (62,274 animals) included three generations of purebred ancestors of these crossbreds and their CG mates. Variance components for four-trait models with different CG definitions were estimated with average information restricted maximum likelihood. Purebred traits’ variance components remained stable across CG definitions and varied slightly for BFX. Additive genetic variances (and heritabilities) for GX fluctuated more: 812 ± 36 (0.28 ± 0.01), 257 ± 15 (0.17 ± 0.01), and 204 ± 13 (0.15 ± 0.01) for CG_all, CG_week, and CG_day, respectively. Age at slaughter (AAS) and hot carcass weight (HCW) adjusted for age were investigated as alternatives for GX. Both have potential for selection but lower heritabilities compared with GX: 0.21 ± 0.01 (0.18 ± 0.01), 0.16 ± 0.02 (0.16 + 0.01), and 0.10 ± 0.01 (0.14 ± 0.01) for AAS (HCW) using CG_all, CG_week, and CG_day, respectively. The predictive ability, linear regression (LR) accuracy, bias, and dispersion of crossbred traits in crossbreds favored CG_day, but correlations with unadjusted phenotypes favored CG_all. In purebreds, CG_all showed the best LR accuracy, while showing small relative differences in bias and dispersion. Different CG scenarios showed no relevant impact on BFX EBV. This study shows that different CG definitions may affect evaluation stability and animal ranking. Results suggest that ignoring slaughter dates in CG is more appropriate for estimating crossbred trait EBV for purebred animals.
Conceptualising ‘Undue Influence’ in Decision-Making Support for People with Mental Disabilities
Authors: Craigie Jillian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A crucial question in relation to support designed to enable the legal capacity of people with mental disabilities concerns when support constitutes undue influence. This article addresses this question in order to facilitate the development of law and policy in England and Wales, by providing a normative analysis of the different approaches to undue influence across decisions about property, contracts, health, finances, and accommodation. These are all potential contexts for supporting legal capacity, and, in doing so, the article compares approaches to undue influence that are rarely considered together.
Drawing on the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, third sector and public body documents, and law in England and Wales, the analysis identifies six models that conceptualise undue influence in terms of: modes of influence; an overborne will; an inference from the situation; an overborne will understood as a mental incapacity; an overborne will in connection with vulnerability; and impaired discursive control. This final approach is a novel proposal for understanding undue influence. The analysis highlights key policy-relevant issues that distinguish the models, and generates a deliberative framework for navigating them, with the ‘overborne will’, ‘inference-based’, and ‘discursive control’ models identified as potentially fitting for the support context.
Small molecules inhibitors of the heterogeneous ribonuclear protein A18 (hnRNP A18): a regulator of protein translation and an immune checkpoint
Authors: Solano-Gonzalez Eduardo , Coburn Katherine M , Yu Wenbo , Wilson Gerald M , Nurmemmedov Elmar , Kesari Santosh , Chang Elizabeth T , MacKerell Alexander D , Weber David J , Carrier France 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe have identified chemical probes that simultaneously inhibit cancer cell progression and an immune checkpoint. Using the computational Site Identification by Ligand Competitive Saturation (SILCS) technology, structural biology and cell-based assays, we identify small molecules that directly and selectively bind to the RNA Recognition Motif (RRM) of hnRNP A18, a regulator of protein translation in cancer cells. hnRNP A18 recognizes a specific RNA signature motif in the 3′UTR of transcripts associated with cancer cell progression (Trx, VEGF, RPA) and, as shown here, a tumor immune checkpoint (CTLA-4). Post-transcriptional regulation of immune checkpoints is a potential therapeutic strategy that remains to be exploited. The probes target hnRNP A18 RRM in vitro and in cells as evaluated by cellular target engagement. As single agents, the probes specifically disrupt hnRNP A18–RNA interactions, downregulate Trx and CTLA-4 protein levels and inhibit proliferation of several cancer cell lines without affecting the viability of normal epithelial cells. These first-in-class chemical probes will greatly facilitate the elucidation of the underexplored biological function of RNA Binding Proteins (RBPs) in cancer cells, including their effects on proliferation and immune checkpoint activation.
A Bayesian approach for diagnostic accuracy of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Martin Enrico , Geitenbeek Ritchie T J , Coert J Henk , Hanff David F , Graven Laura H , Grünhagen Dirk J , Verhoef Cornelis , Taal Walter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) carry a dismal prognosis and require early detection and complete resection. However, MPNSTs are prone to sampling errors and biopsies or resections are cumbersome and possibly damaging in benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor (BPNST). This study aimed to systematically review and quantify the diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive tests for distinguishing MPNST from BPNST.

Methods
Studies on accuracy of MRI, FDG-PET (fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography), and liquid biopsies were identified in PubMed and Embase from 2000 to 2019. Pooled accuracies were calculated using Bayesian bivariate meta-analyses. Individual level-patient data were analyzed for ideal maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) threshold on FDG-PET.

Results
Forty-three studies were selected for qualitative synthesis including data on 1875 patients and 2939 lesions. Thirty-five studies were included for meta-analyses. For MRI, the absence of target sign showed highest sensitivity (0.99, 95% CI: 0.94-1.00); ill-defined margins (0.94, 95% CI: 0.88-0.98); and perilesional edema (0.95, 95% CI: 0.83-1.00) showed highest specificity. For FDG-PET, SUVmax and tumor-to-liver ratio show similar accuracy; sensitivity 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91-0.97 and 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87-0.97, respectively, specificity 0.81, 95% CI: 0.76-0.87 and 0.79, 95% CI: 0.70-0.86, respectively. SUVmax ≥3.5 yielded the best accuracy with a sensitivity of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.93-1.00) and specificity of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.56-0.90).

Conclusions
Biopsies may be omitted in the presence of a target sign and the absence of ill-defined margins or perilesional edema. Because of diverse radiological characteristics of MPNST, biopsies may still commonly be required. In neurofibromatosis type 1, FDG-PET scans may further reduce biopsies. Ideal SUVmax threshold is ≥3.5.