bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instructional mechanisms in immersive virtual reality serious games: Earthquake emergency training for children
Authors: Feng Zhenan , González Vicente A. , Mutch Carol , Amor Robert , Cabrera‐Guerrero Guillermo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChildren are vulnerable in earthquakes, but they are also essential to foster earthquake‐resilient communities. It is critical to enhance the preparedness of children against earthquakes through effective education and training. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) and serious games (SGs) are innovative digital technologies that enable realistic and engaging training environments. However, little research has been made on the applications of IVR SGs for earthquake training targeting children. In order to fill this gap, this paper presents an IVR SG training system based on a problem‐based gaming framework. Three instructional mechanisms within the training system, namely prior instruction, immediate feedback, and post‐game assessment, were investigated to promote learning through effective reflection. A controlled experiment involving 125 secondary school students aged from 11 to 15 years old was undertaken, using leaflets as a traditional training approach for the control group and the IVR SG training system as the main intervention. Results revealed that the IVR SG training system with post‐game assessment was the most effective way to train children, with greater knowledge acquisition and self‐efficacy improvement observed. Possible improvements, such as increasing the time for reflection and differentiating the stimulation between positive and negative feedback, are suggested for further research.
Present scenario and future scope of food waste to biofuel production
Authors: Dhiman Sunny , Mukherjee Gunjan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFood waste is the outcome of different food processing practices that have not been reused and are disposed of as waste. Food wastes are rich in a wide variety of organic constituents including starches, proteins, oils, fats, phosphates, nutrients, amino acids, and natural acids. Food waste is a zero‐value and nonconsumable resource. In this context, the valorization of food waste to different sorts of biofuels, for example, biodiesel, bioethanol, biohydrogen, bio‐oil, biochar, and biomethane by employing well‐structured and efficient valorization technologies can be an attractive and viable approach to counter the current global energy crisis and in establishing a sustainable bioeconomy. This type of food waste management not only resolves the serious pollution problem but also helps to reduce the dependency of the energy sector on fossil fuels. This review discusses the characteristics of food waste, common strategies for food waste management, food waste as a feedstock, biofuels as a renewable energy source, valorization of food waste to various types of biofuels, microbes‐assisted valorization of food waste, biofuels and bioeconomy, and future scope and challenges in the valorization of food waste to biofuels.
Incidence and univariate models for lymphatic drainage disorders following management for cervical cancer
Authors: Cea García Jorge , Rodríguez Jiménez Inmaculada , Ríos‐Pena Laura , Márquez Mareaver Francisco , Rubio Rodríguez María del Carmen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo clarify the incidence of lymphatic drainage disorders (LLD) after treatment for cervical cancer (CC) and to establish univariate models for their occurrence.MethodsA total of 263 eligible patients with CC were identified between 2010 and 2019. We conducted a case–control study and divided the study population into two subsamples of 12 and 251 CC survivors based on the presence/absence of LLD, respectively. The cumulative incidence was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate models based on Pearson correlation coefficient were used to evaluate associations between explanatory variables and LLD.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of LLD began at 3.3% after the 7‐month follow‐up, reaching a plateau of 21.2% between 130 and 250 months of follow‐up.We detected correlation between LLD and number of removed para‐aortic lymph nodes (r = −0.39), number of pelvic lymphadenopathies (r = 0.16), pelvic lymphadenectomy (PL) (r = 0.16), age at diagnosis of CC (r = −0.1) and primary surgery (r = 0.1).ConclusionWe observed a cumulative incidence of LLD of 21.2%, which is in accord with other retrospective studies. Number of removed para‐aortic lymph nodes, number of pelvic lymphadenopathies, PL, age at diagnosis of CC and primary surgery were the most influential clinical factors associated with the occurrence of LLD in CC survivors.
Fatherhood and Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Progression of Romantic Relationships
Authors: Parker Emily , Sassler Sharon , Tach Laura 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the influence of fatherhood on the progression of men's romantic relationships.BackgroundHigh levels of relationship flux have resulted in a partner market increasingly characterized by the presence of children, but little is known about how children influence the progression of men's romantic relationships. Children could reduce the likelihood of marriage and increase chances of cohabitation for single fathers in dating relationships, just as prior literature has found for single mothers. Given high levels of racial/ethnic assortative mating, and variation in the prevalence of single parenthood across racial/ethnic groups, the influence of prior children on men's relationships may differ by race/ethnicity as well.MethodThe authors use data from adult male respondents of the 2002–2015 cycles of the National Survey of Family Growth aged 18–45 regarding the most recent sexual relationship (n = 9,255).ResultsResults of propensity score weighted event‐history analyses show that fathers in sexual relationships transition more often and more rapidly into cohabitation than do childfree men, but this pattern varies by race/ethnicity. Children from prior relationships have a strong influence on the progression of non‐Hispanic White men's relationships, hastening cohabitation, and decreasing transitions to marriage, but prior children have little association with the progression of romantic relationships among Black or Hispanic men.ConclusionAlthough fatherhood shapes the progression of men's romantic relationships, the influence of fatherhood varies across racial/ethnic groups in the United States.
How COVID‐19 Informs Business Sustainability Research: It’s Time for a Systems Perspective
Authors: Bansal Pratima (Tima) , Grewatsch Sylvia , Sharma Garima 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this essay, we argue that by taking a systems lens, sustainability researchers can better understand the implications of COVID‐19 on business and society and prevent future pandemics. A systems lens asks management researchers to move from a firm‐level perspective to one that also considers the broader socioecological context. We argue that for business to prevent future pandemics and assure future prosperity, business must recognize the limits to growth, alternative temporalities that do not pit the short against the long term, the nestedness of local phenomena in global systems, and leverage points that can reduce entrenched systems of social inequalities.
Sex‐Specific Genes and their Expression in the Life History of the Red Alga Bostrychia moritziana (Ceramiales, Rhodomelaceae)
Authors: Shim Eunyoung , Zuccarello Giuseppe C. , Kim Gwang Hoon 
Published: November 2020

Diverse sex determination mechanisms have been reported in eukaryotes, but little is known about the genetic pathways leading to sex determination in red algae. Sex‐specific genes that could be involved in sex determination and sexual differentiation were investigated in the red alga Bostrychia moritziana by analyzing the transcriptomes of various phases including males, females, and tetrasporophytes. Sex dominantly expressed genes which showed >10‐fold difference between sexes was isolated using comparative RNA‐seq analysis. We found 19 gene homologues, 10 from males, and nine from females, that were found only in one sex in genomic amplification using strains collected from five different localities. Most of the sex‐specific genes are involved in important cellular processes including chromosome segregation, nucleo‐cytoplasmic protein shuttling, or tRNA modification. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that some sex‐specific genes were differently regulated during critical events of sexual reproduction like fertilization and carposporophyte development. We could localize the expression of a male‐specific gene in spermatia before and after gamete binding using RNA in situ hybridization. Amino acid sequence identity between male and female homologues of importin alpha gene and PreQ(0) reductase were highly divergent (75% and 74%, respectively), suggesting that these divergent homologues are on non–recombining UV‐type chromosomes in their respective sexes. Another set of transcripts were found that were sex dominantly expressed, but not sex‐specific. Nineteen out of 39 sex dominantly expressed transcripts were annotated to transposable elements. Our results suggest that sexual differentiation in B. moritziana may be achieved by multi‐level regulation of cellular processes, both from genes present only in one sex and differential expression of shared genes.
Colorimetric detection of residual quaternary ammonium compounds on dry surfaces and prediction of antimicrobial activity using bromophenol blue
Authors: Burel C. , Direur G. , Rivas C. , Purevdorj-Gage L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Controlling and monitoring the residual activity of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are critical for maintaining safe yet effective levels of these agents in the environment. This study investigates the utility of bromophenol blue (BPB) as a safe, rapid and user-friendly indicator to detect in situ residual QACs dried on hard, non-porous surfaces, as well a means to assess their antimicrobial efficacy. At pH 7, BPB has a purple colour which turns blue upon its complexation with QACs such as didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC). BPB itself has no antimicrobial properties up to 400 ppm. Within the range of 0–400 ppm, BPB colour change was tied to specific DDAC antimicrobial performances with a detection threshold of 100 ppm. BPB concentration and application volume could be adjusted such that a colour shift from purple to blue correlated with a set percent reduction (&gt;99·9%) in test bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella aerogenes). The BPB solutions developed in this study yielded similar colour shifts on polycarbonate and stainless steel surfaces and did not cross-react with chemical ingredients commonly found in sanitizers and disinfectant products. Overall, this study suggests that BPB provides a simple solution to safely monitor the post-application level and biocidal activity of residual dried QACs on surfaces.
Impact flash evolution of CO2 ice, water ice, and frozen Martian and lunar regolith simulant targets
Authors: Tandy Jon D. , Price Mark C. , Wozniakiewicz Penny J. , Cole Mike J. , Alesbrook Luke S. , Avdellidou Chrysa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe wavelength dependence and temporal evolution of the hypervelocity impact self‐luminous plume (or “flash”) from CO2 ice, water ice, and frozen Martian and lunar regolith simulant targets have been investigated using the Kent two‐stage light‐gas gun. An array of 10 band‐pass filtered photodiodes and a digital camera monitored changes in the impact flash intensity during the different phases of the emitting ejecta. Early‐time emission spectra were also recorded to examine short‐lived chemical species within the ejecta. Analyses of the impact flash from the varied frozen targets show considerable differences in temporal behavior, with a strong wavelength dependence observed within monitored near‐UV to near‐IR spectral regions. Emission spectra showed molecular bands across the full spectral range observed, primarily due to AlO from the projectile, and with little or no contribution from vaporized metal oxides originating from frozen regolith simulant targets. Additional features within the impact flash decay profiles and emission spectra indicate an inhomogeneity in the impact ejecta composition. A strong correlation between the density of water ice‐containing targets and the impact flash rate of decay was shown for profiles uninfluenced by significant atomic/molecular emission, although the applicability to other target materials is currently unknown. Changes in impact speed resulted in considerable differences in the temporal evolution of the impact flash, with additional variations observed between recorded spectral regions. A strong correlation between the impact speed and the emission decay rate was also shown for CO2 ice targets. These results may have important implications for future analyses of impact flashes both on the lunar/Martian surface and on other frozen bodies within the solar system.
Mandibular orthognathic surgery does not alter temporomandibular joint symptoms – A single centre prospective study
Authors: Sandbakk Frank‐Jakob , Schilbred Eriksen Elisabeth , Moen Ketil , Løes Sigbjørn , Pedersen Torbjørn Ø. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimMandibular orthognathic surgery has been considered a risk factor for developing temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). A prospective follow‐up study was initiated to examine the correlation between two surgical techniques for mandibular advancement and setback on mandibular range of movement and temporomandibular joint symptoms.Materials and methodsThirty‐four patients who underwent mandibular orthognathic surgery were included. Twenty patients were operated with the intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) technique and subsequent rigid maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) for 6 weeks; 14 were operated with the bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) with internal osteosynthesis. The patients completed a questionnaire regarding subjective symptoms and were examined 1 day before, and 1 year after surgery. Evaluations of tenderness upon muscular and articular palpation, assessment of mandibular mobility and calculation of the Helkimo index were performed.ResultsMean maximum mouth opening was reduced one year after surgery for both experimental groups. The BSSO‐group also experienced reduced laterotrusive and protrusive movements. No statistically significant differences within or between the groups were found for the Helkimo clinical dysfunction score. Both groups reported no differences in TMD‐related symptoms before and after surgery, and no differences were found between the groups.ConclusionsMaximum mandibular movement was slightly reduced for both surgical techniques. Assisted mouth opening, laterotrusive and protrusive mandibular movements were reduced after BSSO, and maximum mouth opening was reduced after IVRO. However, the differences were small and both groups were well within the normal range. None of the groups experienced changes in TMD‐related symptoms.
Keeping It Simple: Rethinking Abilities and Moral Responsibility
Authors: Metz Joseph 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMoral responsibility requires that we are in control of what we do. Many contemporary accounts of responsibility cash out this control in terms of abilities and hold that the relevant abilities are strong abilities, like general abilities. This paper raises a problem for strong abilities views: an agent can plausibly be morally responsible for an action or omission, despite lacking any strong abilities to do the relevant thing. It then offers a way forward for ability‐based views, arguing that very weak abilities can form the basis of moral responsibility for both actions and omissions.
On Cynicism and Citizenship: The Place of Negative Affects in US Antihighway Activism
Authors: Vine Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn Tampa, Florida, the threat of material destruction and social dislocation associated with planned highway expansion has ignited local resistance, which, in turn, brings together a loose grouping of social and political actors. Through a shared commitment to cynicism, the members of this socioeconomically diverse array of antihighway activists join one another in making claims on the state, even as they doubt these claims will ever be heeded. Cynicism, in this context, acts as an affective boundary object that enables actors to negotiate the moments of intrasubjective and intersubjective incoherence that inevitably arise in the course of private and public life. Attending to the citizen effects of cynical affects invites a reformulation of the place of negative feelings within the politics of the city, and social life more broadly.
Effect of varietal resistance on the yield loss function of wheat to nodorum blotch
Authors: Shankar Manisha , Reeves Karyn , Bradley Jason , Varischetti Ryan , Loughman Robert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCultivar disease resistance ratings to nodorum blotch (caused by Parastagonospora nodorum) provide critical information to growers to assist with disease management. However, less has been done in terms of yield losses from diseases under different cultivar resistance scenarios. The purpose of this study was to characterize yield and quality loss responses to wheat nodorum blotch as influenced by variety partial resistance, epidemic intensity, and environment. The trial series includes four site/years in Western Australia. Five varieties, Magenta, Calingiri, Trojan, Janz, and Scout were used for all four trials. These varieties represented resistant/susceptible categories MRMS, MS, MSS, S, and SVS, respectively, and were selected on the basis that they were adapted to the western region, had similar maturities, and were resistant to diseases that were potential contaminants. Trials were sown in a strip‐plot design with three replicates and five disease levels, with intersecting main‐plots of varieties and disease levels, which facilitated comparisons across disease levels within varieties. Current categories of resistance were well reflected in yield and quality responses. A negative exponential relationship was observed between yield and disease, with a nonlinear yield loss function for both flag leaf and glume infection. This indicates that yield is most affected during early stages of disease on flag leaves and glumes. The functional form of yield loss response over four site years was similar among varieties, but varieties differed in their extent of disease expression. Partial resistance in commercial wheat varieties reduced yield loss by 40%–60% of losses observed in susceptible varieties.
Anthropology and #MeToo: Reimagining fieldwork
Authors: King Tanya J. , Boarder Giles David , Meher Mythily , Gould Hannah 
Published: November 2020

Abstract#MeToo deals in the everyday ambiguous and intersectional, providing a space for discussion of the grey areas of sexual propriety. Since 2017, when the term was mobilised spectacularly in the US entertainment industry, other industries have undertaken an examination of their own practices and norms. In this paper we consider the implications of this political moment for the discipline of anthropology, and specifically the idea of ‘the field’ in the context of anthropological training in Australia. We argue that fieldwork is tacitly, and sometimes explicitly, fetishised by anthropologists as a transformative domain in which the normative rules of gendered interaction are temporarily suspended in favour of fruitfully engaging informants. Drawing on Bourdieu, we argue that ‘the field’ (the methodological and symbolic space) is a ‘field’ (a domain of recognition) that junior anthropologists enter with the expectation that they will suffer as a necessary part of their initiation, placing some PhD students at an enhanced risk of sexual violence. We reflect on the attitude of anthropologists to fieldwork as part of a professional illusio, a belief in the value of ‘playing the game’ that limits our capacity to modify our methodology to make it safer for neophytes and to reimagine a more just discipline.
Compliance and attitudes of blood donors following transitioning from permanent to 12‐month deferral of men who have sex with men in Hong Kong
Authors: Lau Janice Ying‐Chui , Lee Cheuk‐Kwong , Chan Chin‐Pok , Leung Jennifer Ngar‐Sze , Poon Chin‐Man , Lee Shui‐Shan 
Published: November 2020

Background and ObjectivesBlood safety hinges not just on the scientific rationale for deferral period but potential donors' compliance with the prevailing policy. This study aimed to investigate donors' awareness, attitudes and compliance with the two‐phased policy implementation of time‐limited deferral for men who have sex with men (MSM) in Hong Kong.Materials and MethodsThree rounds of questionnaire survey were conducted between July 2017 and June 2019 covering the periods of pre‐implementation (Round A), post‐implementation without and with pre‐donation questionnaire revision (Round B and C). Chi‐square test and multivariable regression analysis were performed.ResultsOf 3085 donors recruited, 968, 1036 and 1081 completed the surveys in Round A, B and C, respectively. The non‐compliance rate of MSM remained stable at 0·6% (3/497), 0·4% (2/551) and 0·5% (3/587) among male donors in Round A, B and C, respectively. Two MSM donors from Round C complying with the prevailing policy were identified. About two‐thirds (60·7%) of respondents from Round B and C were unaware of the policy change. Overall, over 80% were either neutral or positive about the change.ConclusionOur study showed a consistently low non‐compliance rate of MSM over the three periods. The generally high level of acceptance of time‐limited deferral among donors lends support to science‐based policy development to protect blood safety. The identification of compliant MSM donors suggests that the 12‐month deferral is effective and acceptable to MSM. With a deferral period far exceeding the window period, it is a step towards a more equitable policy.
Myths and methodologies: Reliability of non‐invasive estimates of cardiac autonomic modulation during whole‐body passive heating
Authors: Akerman Ashley P. , Meade Robert D. , Notley Sean R. , Rutherford Maura M. , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObserved individual variability in cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS) and heart rate variability (HRV) is extensive, especially during exposure to stressors such as heat. A large part of the observed variation may be related to the reliability (consistency) of the measurement. We therefore examined the test–retest reliability of cBRS and HRV measurements on three separate occasions in 14 young men (age: 24 (SD 5) years), at rest and during whole‐body heating (water‐perfused suit) to raise and clamp oesophageal temperature 0.6°C, 1.2°C and 1.8°C above baseline. Beat‐to‐beat measurements of RR interval and systolic blood pressure (BP) were obtained for deriving HRV (from RR), and cBRS calculated via (i) the spontaneous method, α coefficients and transfer function analysis at each level of heat strain, and (ii) during forced oscillations via squat–stand manoeuvres (0.1 Hz) before and after heating. Absolute values and changes in all cBRS estimates were variable but generally consistent with reductions in parasympathetic activity. cBRS estimates demonstrated poor absolute reliability (coefficient of variation ≥25%), but relative reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient; ICC) of some frequency estimates was acceptable (ICC ≥0.70) during low‐heat strain (ICC: 0.56–0.74). After heating, forced oscillations in BP demonstrated more favourable responses than spontaneous oscillations (better reliability, lower minimum detectable change). Absolute reliability of HRV estimates were poor, but relative reliability estimates were often acceptable (≥0.70). Our findings illustrate how measurement consistency of cardiac autonomic modulation estimates are altered during heat stress, and we demonstrate the possible implications on research design and data interpretation.