bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Form selection of concomitant polymorphs: A case study informed by crystallization kinetics modeling
Authors: Tang Weiwei , Quan Yufeng , Gong Junbo , Wang Jingkang , Yin Qiuxiang , Li Tonglei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMolecular mechanisms and process kinetics of crystallizing concomitant polymorphs remain poorly understood. Solvent‐mediated phase transformation and concomitant crystallization are difficult to be distinguished in practice, as multiple forms can be detected at the same time. Herein, we developed a population balance model to simulate a concomitant crystallization process of two polymorphs of tolfenamic acid. Our kinetic modeling aims to understand concomitant crystallization and help guide form selection of such a molecular system. Crystallization kinetics of ethanolic solutions were uncovered from induction time measurements, as well as seeded and unseeded crystallization experiments. Experimental and simulation results demonstrate that the stable form I crystallizes concomitantly with the metastable form II. The faster growing form II results in an intermediate decline in the composition of form I in crystallized samples, a characteristic feature of the concomitantly crystallized system. A four‐quadrant scheme of attainable polymorph outcome was simulated under various crystallization conditions.
Employment and disability status in patients with functional (psychogenic nonepileptic) seizures
Authors: Asadi‐Pooya Ali A. , Bazrafshan Mehdi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeWe investigated the rate of employment in patients with functional seizures (FS) in a follow‐up study. We also investigated the rate of receiving disability benefits in these patients. Finally, we investigated factors that are potentially associated with their employment status.MethodsIn this long‐term study, all patients with FS, who were diagnosed at Shiraz Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Iran, from 2008 to 2018, were investigated. In a phone call interview to the patients in February 2020, we tried to obtain the following information: seizure outcome, employment status, receiving disability benefits, and their current drug regimen, if any. The first call was made in the evening and after working hours. In case of no response, we made two more attempts in the following weeks to contact the patients during different time periods of the day.ResultsEighty‐ four patients participated. Thirty‐one patients (37%) were employed, and 53 people (63%) were not; at the first visit, the rate of employment was 23%. Female sex (Odds Ratio [OR]: 12.18; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 3.51–42.18; p = .0001), taking psychiatric drugs (OR: 4.93; 95% CI: 1.17–20.73; p = .02), and being employed previously (OR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.04–0.77; p = .02) were independently significantly associated with the current employment status. Three patients (4%) reported receiving disability social benefits, two women and one man.ConclusionThis study highlights that unemployment is a serious issue in patients with FS and psychiatric comorbidities play a significant role in the employment status in these patients.
The transition from linear economy to circular economy for sustainability among SMEs: A study on prospects, impediments, and prerequisites
Authors: Sharma Nagendra Kumar , Govindan Kannan , Lai Kuei Kuei , Chen Wen Kuo , Kumar Vimal 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe circular economy (CE) is a more holistic approach that advocates towards extracting the value from the waste and reaching sustainability goals. The objective of the present study is to highlight the prospects, impediments, and prerequisites while transiting from the linear economy (LE) to CE of SMEs. The study gathers information on prospects, impediments, and prerequisites for the transition of LE to a CE from recent studies. A semi‐structured interview questionnaire was prepared, and a survey was conducted on representatives of six SMEs. Further, six caselets were developed to understand the prospects, impediments, and prerequisites based on the findings of the interview and previous information gained from existing literature. The major prospects favoring transition from LE to CE found in the study are significance of 3R (reduce and reuse and recycling) approach, CE leads to competitive advantage, recycling attracts consumers in few cases, CE helps in achieving sustainability goals and reuse of materials are significant in resource conservation. There are certain impediments found such as issues associated with awareness, recyclability issues, financial challenges, and weak management vision of SMEs towards CE implementation. Other resource‐based impediments were found related to trained employees, lack of experience. Whereas, consumer acceptability is also a major concern towards implementing CE. The findings of the study suggest major prerequisites towards CE implementations such as strong “management will,” innovation, technology up‐gradation, training to employees, motivation, and appropriate guidelines. Government pressure to implement CE cannot be an effective step towards the transition of LE to CE.
Diagnosis of celiac artery stenosis using multidetector computed tomography and evaluation of the collateral arteries within the mesopancreas of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Ito Kyoji , Takemura Nobuyuki , Inagaki Fuyuki , Mihara Fuminori , Shida Yoshitaka , Tajima Tsuyoshi , Kokudo Norihiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionCeliac artery (CA) stenosis (CAS), caused by various factors, is often asymptomatic because collateral blood flow from the superior mesenteric artery supplies the CA outflow region. The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) for diagnosing CAS and associated collateral artery formation, and elucidating the effect of CAS on the numbers and diameters of the arteries within the mesopancreas.Materials and MethodsWe investigated 106 patients who underwent contrast‐enhanced MDCT, before pancreaticoduodenectomy, between January 2015 and September 2019. MDCT was used to determine the percentage stenosis of the CAs; patients were classified into CAS (−) (0–29% stenosis) and CAS (+) (30–100% stenosis) groups. The dissection lines of the mesopancreas were classed as Level I or II, and the numbers and diameters of the arteries along each dissection line were counted and measured.ResultsThere were 27 CAS (+) patients and 79 CAS (−) patients. In the CAS (+) group there were more arteries and they had larger diameters than those in the CAS (−) group, at both Levels I and II. There were significantly more arteries when the CA stenosis was ≥30% and they had larger diameters when the stenosis was ≥50%.ConclusionsMDCT is useful for diagnosing CAS, and CAS is associated with larger numbers and diameters of the arteries within the mesopancreas.
Child Welfare Reform: The Role of Federal Court Oversight in Child Protective Service Workers' Caseloads
Authors: Lee Joyce Y. 
Published: December 2020

Key Practitioner Messages

Legal measures such as class action lawsuits and consent decrees may be effective in reducing child welfare workers' caseloads as part of systematic change.
Schools of social work should expose their generalist and clinical track students to macro courses that address the role of such legal measures.
Policy planning related to child welfare reform should involve frontline workers' experiences and perspectives.
Trehalose protects the endothelium from cadmium‐induced dysfunction
Authors: Kumar Sarwareddy K. , Prakash Tarun , Vetriselvan Miralini , Mani Krishna Priya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe objective of the present study is to identify the possible regulatory role of trehalose (Tre) against cadmium chloride (CdCl2)‐induced endothelial cell dysfunction. To screen the dose‐dependent effect of both Tre and CdCl2, a methylthiazolyldiphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed. Interestingly, MTT assay results have shown that co‐incubation of Tre (1 mM) with CdCl2significantly decreased the CdCl2(5 µM) cytotoxicity. Nitric oxide (NO) measurement using Griess assay and 4‐amino‐5‐methylamino‐2ʹ,7ʹ‐difluorofluorescein fluorescence probe results have shown that CdCl2decreases NO production in endothelial cells. Western blotting analysis results showed that CdCl2decreases endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and phospho endothelial nitric oxide synthase (peNOS) expression. The present study results have also observed that CdCl2treatment increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, combination treatment (Tre + CdCl2) could restore the NO production in CdCl2‐treated cells. In addition, combination treatment could also restore eNOS and peNOS expression in endothelial cells. Moreover, Tre treatment was found to decrease CdCl2‐induced ROS production. Collectively, the present study results demonstrate that Tre possesses a significant protective action against CdCl2‐mediated endothelial dysfunction by increasing NO production, eNOS and peNOS expression, and by decreasing oxidative stress.
Energetics of Formation of Cyclacenes from 2,3‐Didehydroacenes and Implications for Astrochemistry
Authors: Gupta Divanshu , Omont Alain , Bettinger Holger F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe carriers of the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are still largely unknown although polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon chains, and fullerenes are likely candidates. A recent analysis of the properties of n‐acenes of general formula C4n+2H2n+4 suggested that these could be potential carriers of some DIBs. Dehydrogenation reactions of n‐acenes after absorption of an interstellar UV photon may result in dehydroacenes. Here the reaction energies and barriers for formation of n‐cyclacenes from 2,3‐didehydroacenes (n‐DDA) by intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction to dihydro‐etheno‐cyclacenes (n‐DEC) followed by ejection of ethyne by retro‐Diels–Alder reactions are analyzed using thermally assisted occupation density functional theory (TAO‐DFT) for n=10–20. It is found that the barriers for each of the steps depend on the ring strain of the underlying n‐cyclacene, and that the ring strain of n‐DEC is about 75 % of that of the corresponding n‐cyclacene. In each case, ethyne extrusion is the step with the highest energy barrier, but these barriers are smaller than CH bond dissociation energies, suggesting that formation of cyclacenes is an energetically conceivable fate of n‐acenes after multiple absorption of UV photons.
Survey on psychotherapy chatbots
Authors: Xu Bei , Zhuang Ziyuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis survey aims to investigate, analyze, and compare the state‐of‐the‐art chatbots' feasibility and defects for psychotherapy. The survey points out a series of tasks necessary for future psychotherapy chatbots. We searched about 1200 related literature in public databases and selected five typical and state‐of‐the‐art psychotherapy chatbots. Most of the state‐of‐the‐art psychotherapy chatbots use retrieval‐based methods to generate dialogs. Some psychotherapy chatbots incorporate psychological theories, such as cognitive behavior therapy, to solve unique psychological problems. The assessments show that chatbots can preliminarily recognize specific kinds of negative emotions and give relatively appropriate responses. The randomized controlled trials prove that psychotherapy chatbots are useful for some people with a mental health condition. Compared with real psychologists, psychotherapy chatbots have some advantages, such as accessibility without the limitation on time or location. However, some critical technical obstacles limit the usage of psychotherapy chatbots. The limitations require a series of necessary tasks for more effective and safer psychotherapy chatbots, such as collecting standard, valid, real, and rich corpora. In conclusion, current psychotherapy chatbots can hardly replace human psychologists in the short term, but they can improve human psychologists' effectiveness and efficiency as an auxiliary tool.
Solid pseudo‐papillary tumor of the pancreas: Diagnosis by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration cytology and immunocytochemistry
Authors: Sheikh Zafar A. , Alali Ali A. , Almousawi Fatemah A. S. , Das Dilip K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPseudopapillary tumor (SPT) is a rare primary pancreatic neoplasm of uncertain origin and low malignant potential that typically affects young females, mostly in their third decade of life. There are only a few reports on fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology diagnosis of this neoplasm. We report one such case which was diagnosed based on cytomorphologic and immunocytochemical features on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided FNA smears. A 24‐year‐old woman presented to the gastroenterology clinic with 3‐month history of epigastric pain, anorexia, and weight loss (10 kg over same time period). Abdominal CT revealed a large (13X11 cm) heterogeneous cystic lesion occupying most of the pancreatic body. EUS examination confirmed the presence of a large mixed cystic‐solid lesion occupying most of the pancreatic body and neck. EUS‐guided FNA smears showed tumor cells in sheets with papillary/pseudo‐papillary and acinar formation. The tumor cells had abundant clear and vacuolated cytoplasm and round to oval nuclei with bland chromatin. PAS staining revealed positively stained capillary networks at the core of the papillary/pseudo‐papillary structures. In addition, there were PAS positive intra‐cytoplasmic and extra‐cellular globules which were diastase resistant. Immuno‐cytochemical staining on direct smears revealed positive reaction for cyclinD1, vimentin, CD56, beta‐catenin, CD10 and progesterone receptor. Thus, this is the example of an extremely rare neoplasm which had a typical clinical and imaging setting, and could be conclusively diagnosed because of characteristic cytomorphological and immunocytochemical features.
Evaluation of the accuracy of soft computing learning algorithms in performance prediction of tidal turbine
Authors: Band Shahab S. , Taherei Ghazvinei Pezhman , bin Wan Yusof Khamaruzaman , Hossein Ahmadi Mohammad , Nabipour Narjes , Chau Kwok‐Wing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMarine renewable energy has made significant progress in the last few decades. Even after making substantial progress, the cost of electricity produced by tidal turbines is high. Therefore, the current paper concentrated on reducing the cost of transportation and installation of the turbine by performing a model. Extreme Learning Machine and Support Vector Machines as well as Genetic Programming were applied to predict the performance of the turbine model by creating short‐term, multistep‐ahead prediction models to compute the performance of the H‐rotor vertical axis Folding Tidal turbine. The performance of the turbine was verified by a numerical study using the three‐dimensional approach for the viscous model with the unsteady flow. Statistical evaluation of the outcomes pointed out that advanced Extreme Learning Machine simulation made the assurance in formulating an innovative forecasting strategy for investigating the performances of the tidal turbine. This study shows that the application of the new procedure resulted in confident generality performance and learns faster than orthodox learning algorithms. In conclusion, the assessment indicated that the advanced Extreme Learning Machine simulation was capable as a promising alternative to existing numerical methods for computing the coefficient of performance for turbines.
Patterns of blood pressure changes in patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy or chemo‐radiotherapy at a tertiary cancer centre
Authors: Pandit Prakash N. , Patil Roshankumar A. , Palwe Vijay S. , Tambade Suwarna H. , Wagh Sameer Y. , Gavit Majula K. , Nagarkar Raj V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate patterns of blood pressure (BP) changes in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) receiving radiation (RT)/chemo‐radiation (CRT)MethodsThis study included data collection, compilation, and analysis of 451 consecutive HNC patients who underwent RT/CRT.ResultsOut of 451 patients, 376 (82%) were male and 75 (18%) were female with a median age of 52 years. Patients receiving 3DCRT experienced greater fall in BP, including for SBP and MAP, compared to those receiving IMRT‐IGRT. Female patients experienced greater fall in diastolic BP as compared to male patients (p: 0.03). At the end of treatment, we observed a significant association between a fall in systolic BP (decrease by 10% of baseline) and weight loss of more than 10% of baseline weight (p: 0.03).ConclusionFall in BP during RT/CRT is significantly affected by treatment technique and sex and is strongly associated with significant weight loss.
Investigation of irreversibilities in a microchannel by differing viscosity, including buoyancy forces and suction/injection
Authors: Venkatesh Puttaswmay , Gireesha Bijjanal Jayanna , Almeida Felicita 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSingle‐phase Poiseuille flow considering oxides of copper‐water nanoliquid in the upright microchannel with uneven viscosity causes the production of inbuilt irreversibility in the system. This is reported in the present investigation involving the buoyancy force with suction/injection at the walls by taking into account different shapes of nanoparticles. The equations so obtained being highly nonlinear is attempted to solve via Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg shooting scheme. Flow and heat transmission characteristics are explored by considering the nanoparticle's shape. The result exemplifies that the viscosity variation parameter escalates the flow profile as well as temperature profile. The thermal radiation and Biot number boost the let go of thermal energy, which leads to system cooling. The temperature profile for nanoparticle shape factor upholds the fact that temperature is high for lamina‐shaped nanoparticles and least for spherical‐shaped nanoparticles. Also, the Biot number, radiation parameter, and nanoparticle volume fraction serve in lowering the entropy, which augments the exergetic effectiveness of the system.
Adsorptive removal of vitamin B6 and ciprofloxacin using polyurethane foam in pure and pharmaceutical preparations: Kinetic and equilibrium studies
Authors: Ali Samah , Hassanin Hanaa A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe release of active pharmaceutical ingredients and their metabolites in surface waters and groundwater with insufficiently treated wastewaters nowadays may be a global environmental concern. In this study, simple, inexpensive, and solid phase procedure has been developed for the removal of pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6, PDX) and ciprofloxacin (CPX) onto polyurethane foam (PUF) using the batch mode technique. PUF was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and FT‐IR spectroscopy. The batch experiments indicated optimum conditions for the adsorption process at pH 5.6 for PDX and CPX. The optimum contact time to reach its best removal is 30 min for the removal of both drugs and the sorbent amount at 1.0 and 1.5 g for PDX and CPX, respectively. It was found that the experimental data for the adsorption of PDX fit well into Langmuir model with R2 values (0.979). Whereas the adsorption of CPX follows Freundlich model with R2 value (0.914). Adsorption process undergoes pseudo‐first‐order kinetic as proved by the high value of R2 (0.973) and (0.956) for PDX and CPX, respectively. Experimental results have proven that PUF has a great potential for the removal of both drugs with maximum removal efficiency 50 and 98% for PDX and CPX, respectively.
RNA packaging into extracellular vesicles: An orchestra of RNA‐binding proteins?
Authors: Fabbiano Fabrizio , Corsi Jessica , Gurrieri Elena , Trevisan Caterina , Notarangelo Michela , D'Agostino Vito G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous membranous particles released from the cells through different biogenetic and secretory mechanisms. We now conceive EVs as shuttles mediating cellular communication, carrying a variety of molecules resulting from intracellular homeostatic mechanisms. The RNA is a widely detected cargo and, impressively, a recognized functional intermediate that elects EVs as modulators of cancer cell phenotypes, determinants of disease spreading, cell surrogates in regenerative medicine, and a source for non‐invasive molecular diagnostics. The mechanistic elucidation of the intracellular events responsible for the engagement of RNA into EVs will significantly improve the comprehension and possibly the prediction of EV “quality” in association with cell physiology. Interestingly, the application of multidisciplinary approaches, including biochemical as well as cell‐based and computational strategies, is increasingly revealing an active RNA‐packaging process implicating RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) in the sorting of coding and non‐coding RNAs. In this review, we provide a comprehensive view of RBPs recently emerging as part of the EV biology, considering the scenarios where: (i) individual RBPs were detected in EVs along with their RNA substrates, (ii) RBPs were detected in EVs with inferred RNA targets, and (iii) EV‐transcripts were found to harbour sequence motifs mirroring the activity of RBPs. Proteins so far identified are members of the hnRNP family (hnRNPA2B1, hnRNPC1, hnRNPG, hnRNPH1, hnRNPK, and hnRNPQ), as well as YBX1, HuR, AGO2, IGF2BP1, MEX3C, ANXA2, ALIX, NCL, FUS, TDP‐43, MVP, LIN28, SRP9/14, QKI, and TERT. We describe the RBPs based on protein domain features, current knowledge on the association with human diseases, recognition of RNA consensus motifs, and the need to clarify the functional significance in different cellular contexts. We also summarize data on previously identified RBP inhibitor small molecules that could also be introduced in EV research as potential modulators of vesicular RNA sorting.
Synthesis of new metal‐free 1,2,4,5,9,10,12,13‐octaaza[16]annulene derivatives using the reaction of vinamidinium salts with thiocarbohydrazide
Authors: Sabet Askar , Mehranpour Abdolmohammad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA new series of marcocyclic ligands, 1,2,4,5,9,10,12,13‐octaaza[16]annulene derivatives were synthesized by using the condensation reaction of the correspondingly [2+2] 2‐heteroaryl‐substituted vinamidinium salts or phenyl vinamidinium salts and derivatives or halo‐substituted vinamidinum salt [1A‐10A] with thiocarbohydrazide in ethanolic medium under mild condition. Metal complexes were formed by reacting of ethanolic solution of Co, Ni, and Zn with macrocyclic ligand in ethanolic medium under mild condition. Purposed complexes have been characterized with the help of elemental analyses, comparative absorption band of ν(C=N), mass, and NMR. Geometry and complex formulation are out of scope of this work. The biological activities of carohydrazide and thiocarbohydrazide base of the ligands and purposed complexes such as antimicrobial, antitumor, and insecticides have attracted significant attention in bioorganic chemistry.