bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluations of digital public health interventions in the WHO Southeast Asia Region: a systematic literature review
Authors: Gudi Nachiket , Raj Elstin Anbu , Jahn Beate , Siebert Uwe , Brand Angela 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Digital health technologies have been enhancing the capacity of healthcare providers and, thereby, the delivery of targeted health services. The Southeast Asia Region (SEAR) has invested in strengthening digital public health. Many digital health interventions have been implemented in public health settings but are rarely assessed using the holistic health technology assessment (HTA) approach.

Methods
A systematic literature review was performed to provide an overview of evaluations of digital public health interventions in the World Health Organization (WHO) SEAR. Searches were conducted on four electronic databases. Screening title abstracts and full texts was independently conducted by two reviewers, followed by data extraction. Dimensions of HTA were analyzed against the EUnetHTA Core Model 3.0. Quality assessment of included articles was conducted using the JBI Checklist for Economic Evaluation and Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 checklist to assess the reporting quality. The findings are presented using systematic evidence tables and bar charts.

Results
Of the forty-three studies screened at the full-text stage, thirteen studies conducted across six countries were included in the analysis. Telemedicine and m-health interventions were assessed in ten studies. Nine studies conducted cost-effectiveness analysis, and five assessments were conducted from a societal perspective. Four studies utilized more than one perspective for the assessment. Health problem definition and current use of technology, description and technical characteristics of the technology, clinical effectiveness, costs, economic evaluation, and organizational aspects were assessed by all the studies, whereas legal aspects were least assessed.

Conclusion
The lack of HTAs on digital public health interventions in the region highlights the need for capacity-building efforts.
How harmful information on social media impacts people affected by armed conflict: A typology of harms
Authors: Ulbricht Bailey , Rizk Joelle 
Published: December 2024

AbstractArmed conflict presents a multitude of risks to civilians, prisoners of war and others caught in the middle of hostilities. Harmful information spreading on social media compounds such risks in a variety of tangible ways, from potentially influencing acts that cause physical harm to undermining a person's financial stability, contributing to psychological distress, spurring social ostracization and eroding societal trust in evidentiary standards, among many others. Despite this span of risks, no typology exists that maps the full range of such harms. This article attempts to fill this gap, proposing a typology of harms related to the spread of harmful information on social media platforms experienced by persons affected by armed conflict. Developed using real-world examples, it divides potential harm into five categories: harms to life and physical well-being, harms to economic or financial well-being, harms to psychological well-being, harms to social inclusion or cultural well-being, and society-wide harms. After detailing each component of the typology, the article concludes by laying out several implications, including the need to view harmful information as a protection risk, the importance of a conflict-specific approach to harmful information, the relevance of several provisions under international law, and the possible long-term consequences for societies from harmful information.The information used for this typology is based entirely on open-source reporting covering acts that occurred during armed conflict and that were seemingly related to identified harmful information on social media platforms or messaging applications. The authors did not verify any reported incidents or information beyond what was included in cited sources. Throughout the article, sources have been redacted from citations where there is a risk of reprinting harmful information or further propagating it, and where redaction was necessary to avoid the impression that the authors were attributing acts to particular groups or actors.
Niche small States in humanitarian diplomacy: Qatar's positionality in the protection ecosystem
Authors: Barakat Sultan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHumanitarian diplomacy emerged as a concept in the 2000s to describe the vital work effected by non-State humanitarian organizations to negotiate access, protect civilians and uphold humanitarian principles. This paper charts the rise of State-led humanitarian diplomacy in the Middle East, arguing for the need to expand the conventional lens that is focused on non-State actors. It does so through a detailed examination of Qatar, a case study that has emerged over the last two decades as a significant State actor engaging in a range of forms of humanitarian diplomacy. Following a brief theoretical examination of the concept of humanitarian diplomacy, the paper describes Qatar's role in humanitarian diplomacy in relation to the changing context of armed conflict and humanitarian response in the Middle East. It then presents a categorization of Qatar's humanitarian diplomacy, employing a framework structured around multiple levels including practice, policy and normative/ideational, carried out by both non-State and State actors. Finally, the paper reflects on the significance of Qatar's experience and the implications it may have on the conduct of humanitarian diplomacy in the region, and in particular what a niche small State can do to contribute to the protection of the humanitarian sphere.
Technostress in der Psychiatrie
Authors: Bieri Jannic , Golz Christoph 
Published: December 2024

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Technologische Fortschritte treiben die Digitalisierung in psychiatrischen Kliniken an. Doch die Digitalisierung bringt nicht nur Vorteile mit sich. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Der Artikel fokussiert auf die Auswirkungen von Technostress in verschiedenen Gesundheitsberufen in der Psychiatrie und betont die digitale Kompetenz als Schlüssel zur Bewältigung von Technostress. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Praxisimplikationen betonen die Notwendigkeit, die digitale Kompetenz bei Gesundheitspersonal zu fördern, um langfristige Konsequenzen wie Burnout und frühen Berufsaustritt zu vermeiden.
Serpina3c Deficiency Promotes Obesity-related Hypertriglyceridemia and Inflammation through Activation of the Hif1α-glycolysis Axis in Adipose Tissue
Authors: Guo Jiaqi , Ji Zhenjun , Jiang Yu , Wu Ya , Wang Shaofan , Zheng Peng , Yang Mengchen , Li Yongjun , Ma Genshan , Yao Yuyu 
Published: December 2024

Adipose tissue dysfunction leads to abnormal lipid metabolism and high inflammation levels. This research aims to explore the role of Serpina3c, which is highly expressed in adipocytes, in obesity-related hypertriglyceridemia and metaflammation. Serpina3c global knockout (KO) mice, adipocyte-specific Serpina3c overexpressing mice, Serpina3c knockdown (KD) mice, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (Hif1α) KD mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks to generate obesity-related hypertriglyceridemia mice models. In the present study, Serpina3c KO mice and adipocyte-specific Serpina3c KD mice exhibited more severe obesity-related hypertriglyceridemia and metaflammation under HFD conditions. Serpina3c KO epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) primary stromal vascular fraction (SVF)-derived adipocytes exhibited higher lipid (triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid) levels and higher fatty acid synthase expression after palmitic acid stimulation. Adipocyte-specific Serpina3c overexpression in KO mice prevented the KO group phenotype. The RNA-seq and in vitro validation revealed that Hif1α and the glycolysis pathways were upregulated in Serpina3c KD adipocytes, which were all validated by in vitro and in vivo reverse experiments. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) provided evidence that Serpina3c bound nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to regulate Hif1α. Nrf2 KD reduced Hif1α and Fasn expression, decreased lipid content, and reduced the extracellular acidification rate in Serpina3c KO adipocytes. Metabolomics revealed that lactic acid (LD) levels in eWAT were responsible for adipose-associated macrophage inflammation. In summary, Serpina3c inhibits the Hif1α-glycolysis pathway and reduces de novo lipogenesis and LD secretion in adipocytes by binding to Nrf2, thereby improving HFD-induced lipid metabolism disorders and alleviating adipose tissue macrophage inflammation.
Efficient Synthesis of the 6-Deoxy-l-talose-Containing Penta­saccharide Corresponding to the Cell Wall O-Polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O66
Authors: Misra Anup Kumar , Bag Puja , Sahaji Samim 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe pentasaccharide repeating unit containing 6-deoxy-l-talose corresponding to the cell wall O-polysaccharide of Escherichia coli (E. coli) O66 strain has been successfully synthesized in very good yield using sequential glycosylations of judiciously functionalized monosaccharide intermediates. Incorporation of the β-d-mannosidic linkage and 6-deoxy-α-l-talose in the pentasaccharide was achieved in excellent yield.
Predictive Accuracy of Wideband Absorbance under Various Pressure Conditions in Identifying Infants with a Conductive Hearing Loss
Authors: Aithal Sreedevi , Aithal Venkatesh , Kei Joseph , Wilson Matthew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective The objectives of the study were to (i) evaluate the effectiveness of wideband absorbance (WBA) at ambient pressure (WBAamb), tympanic peak pressure (WBATPP), and 0 daPa (WBA0) to identify conductive hearing loss (CHL) in infants and (ii) compare the sensitivity and specificity of the three WBA tests with that of high-frequency tympanometry (HFT) and transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE).
Method A total of 31 ears with hearing thresholds no greater than 20 dB HL (reference group from 20 infants [mean age: 3.1 weeks]) and 47 ears with CHL from 31 infants (mean age: 3.4 weeks) were included in the study. Hearing threshold was determined using air-conduction tone-burst auditory brainstem response (TB-ABR) test, whereas CHL was determined using both air- and bone-conduction TB-ABR tests. HFT with a 1000-Hz probe tone, TEOAE, and WBA tests were conducted on all participants.
Results WBAamb, WBATPP, and WBA0 of the CHL group were significantly lower than that of the reference group across a wide frequency range. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (AROC) curve for detecting CHL varied from 0.51 to 0.9 depending on the frequency. The highest AROC was obtained at 1.25 kHz for WBAamb (0.79), at 1.5 kHz for WBATPP (0.9) and at 1 kHz for WBA0 (0.80). The sensitivity and specificity were 0.98 and 0.45, respectively for HFT, and 1.0 and 0.6, respectively for TEOAE. In comparison, the WBA test had slightly lower sensitivity but higher specificity than the HFT and TEOAE tests.
Conclusion WBATPP at 1.5 kHz can identify CHL in infants as good as, if not more accurately than, WBAamb or WBA0. WBATPP test had good balance of high sensitivity and specificity compared with HFT and TEOAE. The three WBA tests are useful tools for identifying CHL in infants under 6 weeks of age.
Evaluation of Benign and Malignant Cervical Lymphadenopathy: A Comparative Study of Shear Wave Elastography and Grayscale Ultrasound
Authors: Gaurav Gaurav , Bano Shahina , Gupta Prajwala 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate role of shear wave elastography (SWE) using a novel methodology for differentiation of benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes.
Methods SWE was performed on 38 patients who presented with cervical lymph adenopathy. Color-coded elasticity maps were obtained, from which the stiffest region of interest (ROI) with a diameter of 2 mm was chosen. Maximum and mean Young's modulus values (Kpa) were calculated in selected 2-mm ROI. Finally, the results were correlated with the fine needle aspiration cytology findings in all patients to assess the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity at a defined cutoff value for distinguishing between benign and malignant lymphadenopathies.
Results There were 20 malignant cervical lymph nodes and 18 benign cervical lymph nodes. Malignant nodes showed significantly higher mean Young's modulus value (154.2 ± 46.19 kPa) compared with benign nodes (70.39 ± 30.76 kPa), with a p-value of less than 0.0001. Our findings indicate that the mean Young modulus value within a standardized 2-mm ROI outperformed grayscale ultrasound in terms of diagnostic accuracy (92.1 vs. 78.9%), sensitivity (100 vs. 80%), and specificity (83.3 vs. 77.7%), with the established cutoff values for high diagnostic accuracy indicating malignancy as greater than 92 for mean Young's modulus with an area under the curve of 0.964.
Conclusion SWE using a standardized 2-mm ROI provides improved sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy for differentiation of benign and malignant lymph node lesions.
Recurrent Thromboembolism in Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease: Cumulative Incidence and Prognostic Factors
Authors: Kiskaddon Amy L. , Giglia Therese M. , Betensky Marisol , Do Nhue L. , Witt Daniel M. , Stock Arabela C. , Amankwah Ernest K. , Fierstein Jamie L. , Ashour Dina , Ignjatovic Vera , Quintessenza James A. , Goldenberg Neil A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCongenital heart disease (CHD) is a risk factor for thromboembolism (TE). Data describing the rate of, and risk factors associated with, recurrent TE in children with CHD are limited. We prospectively evaluated TE recurrence risk in children with CHD and acute TE and investigated clinical risk factors associated with recurrent TE. Patients < 21 years of age with CHD and acute TE were enrolled in a single-institutional prospective inception cohort study (July 2013–April 2024). Descriptive statistics summarized variables including CHD and thrombus characteristics, antithrombotic regimens, bleeding, and recurrent TE. Multivariable logistic regression determined risk factors for recurrent TE. Among 40 children with CHD and acute TE, 13 (33%) developed ≥ 1 recurrent TE (arterial n = 1 [6%], venous n = 15 [83%], venous + arterial n = 2 [11%]) at a median time of 86 (interquartile range, 45–112) days postdiagnosis of the index TE. One-year cumulative incidence of recurrent TE was 38%. Twelve (67%) recurrent TE events were central venous catheter (CVC)-related. In univariable analyses, immobility (46% vs. 7%, p = 0.01), the presence of a CVC (69% vs. 30%, p = 0.02), and lower extremity index venous TE (89% vs. 41%, p = 0.04) were associated with TE recurrence. After adjustment for other potential risk factors via multivariable logistic regression, immobility (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 13.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–151.3, p = 0.04) and the presence of a CVC (adjusted OR 5.28, 95% CI 1.03–27.1, p = 0.05) remained as independent risk factors for recurrent TE. The 1-year risk of TE recurrence was high among pediatric patients with CHD and acute TE. Immobility and the presence of CVC were independent risk factors for recurrent TE. Multicenter prospective cohort studies are warranted to substantiate and expand upon these important findings.
A (4, 4) threshold protocol of semi-quantum secret sharing using entangled state
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Jiaming , Wang Xianmin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Quantum secret sharing (QSS) can address the increasing threat of computing power. While semi-QSS protocols alleviate participants’ reliance on quantum devices, ensuring security and lowering the participation difficulty. In this paper, we propose a semi-QSS protocol based on four quantum entangled states within a four-dimensional quantum system. It generates a four-dimensional four-quantum entangled state through a dealer, requiring full quantum capability for the dealer and only partial quantum capability for the participants. Participants perform random operations on the received qubits, and eavesdropping detection is based on these random operations. Then the dealer can choose the correct measurement basis based on the receiver’s specific operations. The security and quantum efficiency of protocol depend on the ratio of information to decoy particles inserted by the dealer. Furthermore, the security analysis shows that the protocol is resistant to common quantum attacks.
On solving and optimizing contact problems with doubly connected domains taking the nonlinear law of roughness deformation into account
Authors: Shyshkanova G , Walther A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A detailed study of the real properties of contacting bodies stimulated the development of the theory of contact problems in the direction of considering these properties. As a result, contact problems for rough surfaces were formulated. In this paper, an indentation of a doubly connected punch into an elastic rough half-space is investigated taking into account a nonlinear law of change in the deformation of the surface roughness. With a power dependence of the displacement due to the deformations of microasperity on the pressure, the main integral equation is the Hammerstein equation. Two-dimensional integral equations are transformed into one-dimensional ones using the small parameter method and the obtained expansion of the potential of the simple layer at an internal point. The potential expansion is applied to reduce the problem of indenting a non-circular annular punch into an elastic rough half-space into the similar problems for the contact domain with the circular ring form. Successive approximations are used for the solution. The role of the minimizing functional is played by the root-mean-square deviation of the normal pressure distribution arising under the punch from a certain optimal distribution. The result of the solution is shown by examples for ring contact domain.
An Intercriteria Approach to Assessing the Impact of Air Pollutants on Premature Deaths in the European Union
Authors: Traneva Velichka , Petrov Mihai , Tranev Stoyan , Todorov Venelin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Air pollution is the largest environmental health risk in Europe, with heart disease and stroke being the most common causes of premature death due to air pollution. This study estimates the health effects of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) in terms of years of life lost (YLL) and premature mortality within the European Union over a five-year period from 2018 to 2022. The InterCriteria Approach (ICrA) is employed, utilizing data provided by the European Environment Agency. ICrA, which is based on the theories of intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) and index matrices (IMs), offers a modern interpretation of classical correlation analysis under parameter uncertainty. ICrA refrains from using the term “correlation” between criteria and instead employs the terms “positive consonance”, “negative consonance”, and “dissonance”. IFS theory, an extension of Zadeh’s fuzzy sets, handles uncertain data, while IMs digitize intuitionistic fuzzy information for ICrA application. The results highlight the primary air pollutants that significantly influence years of life lost and premature mortality, providing valuable insights for public health policies in the European Union.
Numerical Study of the Good Boussinesq Equation
Authors: Angelow Krassimir , Vucheva Veselina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper we evaluate propagating wave solutions to the one-dimensional good Boussinesq Equation (BE). Two numerical methods are used to obtain a solution. The first is a conservative finite difference scheme, and the second exploits Taylor series expansions around the time variable t. The solutions are computed over nested meshes to examine the convergence of both approaches. The main tool for testing the convergence rate of all examined finite difference schemes and Taylor expansions is the Runge’s method. It is shown that for a fixed time interval the numerical methods preserve the shape of the waves after interaction and mass of the solution. The waves obtained by the two methods are compared with the exact solution. Both methods produce similar results in case of O(h
2 + τ
2) approximation order, with errors measured in L
2 and L
∞ norms which are 100 times or less than the solution maximum.
Mathematical modeling of the vortices couple dynamics in a stratified fluid
Authors: Gushchin V A , Smirnova I A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The problem of the dynamics of the vortex couple in stratified fluid is considered. The couple is two vortexes, arranged symmetrically relative to the vertical axis, but with the opposite direction of rotation, so that it begins to rise upwards. The mathematical model of a couple of vortices in a viscous stratified medium was studied. Salinity is chosen as a stratifying component, just as it can be implemented in the laboratory. The task is described by the Navier-Stokes equations in the Boussinesq approximation. To solve the problem, the SMIF method is used, of course, the finite different scheme of which has such properties as the second order of approximation on spatial variables, minimal scheme dissipation and dispersion, performance in wide range of Reynolds and Froude numbers and, most importantly, when solving wave processes are a property of monotony. The dynamics of such a couple are studied depending on its geometric sizes, the intensity of the vortexes and the depth of their initial immersion.
Normalization of Suak Ujong Kalak estuary as a flood reduction effort for Meulaboh city
Authors: Safriani Meylis , Hasdanita Fitry , Salena Inseun Yuri , Ferenindi  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Meulaboh City frequently experiences flooding, with runoff flowing into the Suak Ujong Kalak Estuary, a natural outlet for the city’s drainage system. Currently, the estuary is unable to effectively accommodate the runoff, exacerbating the flood risk. This study aims to evaluate the existing condition of the Suak Ujong Kalak Estuary and propose a normalization plan to improve flood control. The research employs a descriptive-quantitative methodology, involving field surveys, data collection, and hydrological and hydraulic analyses. The hydrological analysis includes rainfall frequency analysis, chi-square testing, and rainfall intensity calculation using the Mononobe method. Flood discharge estimation is based on the Rational method for a 25-year return period. Hydraulic analysis is conducted using HEC-RAS 6.3.1 software. The results show that the estuary receives an inflow of 79.33 m3/second, which exceeds its current capacity. Hydraulic analysis reveals that the estuary cannot accommodate the discharge, causing overflow with an average height of 0.6 meters and a storage capacity of 40,798.43 m3. To address this, the study recommends a normalization effort, involving excavation with an average depth of 1 meter, to improve the estuary’s capacity and reduce flooding in Meulaboh City.