bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust optimal utilization with a grid‐connected microgrid using EFO‐GBDT based controller technique with integrated converters
Authors: Padhmanabhaiyappan S , Karthik R , Ayyar K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes the model and design of optimal utilization of grid connected Micro Grid (MG) system with Enhanced Fruit fly Optimization with Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (EFO‐GBDT) based controller technique. The integration (modeling and design) of high performance converter topology is formulated with the consideration of enhanced converter efficiency, effective implementation, source of renewable energy and reduced swapping loss. In the proposed technique the control scheme is used to consolidate the performance of both an EFO algorithm and also GBDT. In the proposed technique, the EFOA plays out an estimate method to initiate an exact control signal systems and accumulates the control signal database, an offline way of light in power variety between the source side (source of renewable energy and battery) and load side. The performance of dataset used to work as the GBDT mode for an online way and it leads to the control procedure in less performance time. In this proposed technique, an objective function is determined by the system, data subject to be an equality and inequality restrictions. The restrictions are the sources of renewable energy, power require the storage of an charged elements. A battery is implemented as source energy and it is used to permit and balance the renewable power system units and to keep running at a steady and balance output power. At that point the proposed model is performed based on MATLAB/Simulink, its working platform and the performance is assessed based on the existing techniques.
The CRF1 receptor mediates social behavior deficits induced by opiate withdrawal
Authors: Piccin Alessandro , Contarino Angelo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPoor sociability and aggressive behavior are key clinical features of opioid use disorders. The corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) system may mediate behavioral effects of substances of abuse but its implication in substance‐induced social behavior deficits and outward‐directed hostility remains largely unknown. CRF signaling is mediated by two receptor types, termed CRF1 and CRF2. The present study aimed at understanding the role for the CRF1 receptor in social and aggressive behavior induced by withdrawal from repeated opiate administration. Thus, wild‐type (CRF1+/+), CRF1 receptor heterozygous (CRF1+/−), and null mutant (CRF1−/−) female and male mice were treated with saline or escalating doses of morphine (20‐100 mg/kg, i.p.) during six consecutive days and tested in the three‐chamber task for sociability (i.e., preference for an unfamiliar same‐sex conspecific vs. an object) 7 days after the last administration. Moreover, aggressive biting behavior toward the unfamiliar conspecific was assessed during the three‐chamber test. Opiate withdrawal disrupted sociability in CRF1+/+ and CRF1+/−, but not in CRF1−/−, female mice, without affecting aggressive biting behavior in any genotype. In contrast, opiate withdrawal did not affect sociability but increased aggressive biting behavior in male mice, independently of CRF1 receptor‐deficiency. Nevertheless, in opiate‐withdrawn CRF1+/+, but not CRF1+/− and CRF1−/−, male mice, sociability directly correlated with aggressive biting behavior, suggesting a role for the CRF1 receptor in hostility‐linked social approach. These findings demonstrate the implication of the CRF1 receptor in social behavior deficits associated with repeated opiate administration and withdrawal, revealing a new potential target for the treatment of opioid use disorders.
Unintended responses to IT‐enabled monitoring: The case of the electronic logging device mandate
Authors: Scott Alex , Balthrop Andrew , Miller Jason W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResearch shows that electronic monitoring technologies can reduce illicit agent (e.g., frontline worker) behavior along monitored dimensions such that principals (e.g., firms) benefit. Drawing on theory from criminology regarding the concept of offense displacement, we explain why the benefits from increased monitoring may be mitigated if agents subsequently increase other types of illicit acts not subject to greater monitoring. We investigate this possibility by examining how a mandate requiring millions of truck drivers to adopt electronic logging devices to record their working hours affected different safety behaviors and outcomes. Using data from millions of driver inspections and crash counts before and after the mandate and a differences‐in‐differences identification strategy, we find greater monitoring due to the mandate achieved its first‐order effect of reducing the frequency that drivers were in non‐compliance with work hour rules (the monitored dimension). However, drivers for small firms that were most affected by the mandate also appear to have increased their frequency of unsafe driving (e.g., speeding). We also find that crash counts for small firms did not fall relative to large firms, and may have increased. These results call into question whether increased electronic monitoring has improved safety in this industry.
Browning and quality management of pear fruit by salicylic acid treatment during low temperature storage
Authors: Adhikary Trina , Gill Parmpal S , Jawandha Sukhjit K , Bhardwaj Rachana D , Anurag Rahul K 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUND‘Patharnakh’ pear, a dominant cultivar in the Punjab province of India, has a shorter storage life as it matures during the hot and humid weather. Studies have reported that postharvest chemical treatments have a major role in improving the storage life of the fruit. In this study, the efficacy of different concentrations (1, 2, and 3 mmol L−1) of salicylic acid (SA), a well‐known signaling molecule, was explored to overcome browning and maintain the postharvest quality of the Patharnakh pear during cold storage.RESULTSSA treated pears were better than the untreated fruits in all of the studied parameters. SA application alleviated the rate of weight loss and respiration, and lowered the decay percentage. The efficacy of SA in the reduction of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, which correlates negatively with the total phenolic content, was quite noticeable. The SA treated fruits exhibited a slower oxidation of the total phenol content by inhibiting the action of PPO and retaining the total phenolic content, leading to lower incidence of browning. SA effectively maintained the ascorbic acid content and superoxide dismutase activity. Total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, and pH of the pears were highest with the SA treatment.CONCLUSIONThe 2 mmol L−1 SA treatment exhibited the best result of reducing fruit decay and tissue browning, and maintaining the postharvest quality parameters of pear up to 60 days of cold storage. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Contemporary ethical considerations in clinical otolaryngology
Authors: Holt G. Richard 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe practice of otolaryngology has been significantly challenged by the constraints of the novel virus pandemic, but the specialty has continued to provide clinical care for patients in a manner consistent with ethical principles and moral leadership. Continued attention to maintaining the ethical foundations for appropriate informed consent, provision of remote health care through telemedicine, and strengthening the patient‐physician relationship while role modeling the highest level of professionalism will continue to be challenging for the specialty throughout and beyond the pandemic temporal boundaries. These contemporary elements of ethical clinical care, examined in the context of disruption of the traditional practice of otolaryngology, are foundational to the duties and responsibilities inherent to the profession of medicine.Level of Evidence5
Distribution of Free and Esterified Oxylipins in Cream, Cell, and Skim Fractions of Human Milk
Authors: Gan Junai , Zhang Zhichao , Kurudimov Karina , German J. Bruce , Taha Ameer Y. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHuman milk contains oxylipins involved in infant development. Although oxylipins have been identified in whole or skim milk, their localization within human milk cream, cell, and skim fractions is not known. This study determined the distribution of free and esterified oxylipins in cream, cell, and skim fractions of human milk. Out of 72 oxylipins probed by mass‐spectrometry, 42, 29, and 41 oxylipins (free or bound) were detected in cream, cell, and skim fractions, respectively. Over 90% of free and bound oxylipins were derived from linoleic acid in all milk fractions. Other oxylipins were derived from n‐6 arachidonic acid and dihomo‐gamma‐linolenic acid, and n‐3 alpha‐linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. Free oxylipins were more abundant in skim milk (59.9% of total oxylipins) compared to cream and cell pellet, whereas esterified oxylipins were most abundant in milk cream and cell pellets (74.9–76.9%). The heterogenous distribution of oxylipins in different fractions of human milk may regulate the guided release of these bioactive signaling molecules within infants.
Mixing, stratification, and plankton under lake‐ice during winter in a large lake: Implications for spring dissolved oxygen levels
Authors: Yang Bernard , Wells Mathew G. , Li Jingzhi , Young Joelle 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe mixing and stratification present under ice‐covered lakes during winter can potentially influence the oxygen concentrations in the subsequent spring. During winter, plankton rely on updrafts caused by convection to remain in the photic zone and perform primary production. Thus, there is a crucial link in winter between under‐ice light levels, circulation, and dissolved oxygen (DO) production. Detailed observations of temperature, oxygen, and incoming solar radiation over three winters between 2015 and 2017 suggested that plankton abundance and DO concentrations were maximal near the end of the winter before the ice melted when there was increased under‐ice light and convection. DO was supersaturated by the end of the severe winter of 2015 when the ice cover duration was the longest. In comparison, DO increased but was not saturated in the warmer winters of 2016 and 2017. The spring overturn started when the water column became isothermal and continued until when the mean water column temperature first exceeded 4°C, at which time, hypolimnetic DO depletion started and continued until the fall overturn. The concentration of DO when the water column becomes stratified in spring, along with the timing of the end of spring overturn, are both important initial conditions for summer DO concentrations.
In silico Drug Repurposing for COVID‐19: Targeting SARS‐CoV‐2 Proteins through Docking and Consensus Ranking
Authors: Cavasotto Claudio N. , Di Filippo Juan I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn December 2019, an infectious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 appeared in Wuhan, China. This disease (COVID‐19) spread rapidly worldwide, and on March 2020 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Today, over 21 million people have been infected, with more than 750.000 casualties. Today, no vaccine or antiviral drug is available. While the development of a vaccine might take at least a year, and for a novel drug, even longer; finding a new use to an old drug (drug repurposing) could be the most effective strategy. We present a docking‐based screening using a quantum mechanical scoring of a library built from approved drugs and compounds undergoing clinical trials, against three SARS‐CoV‐2 target proteins: the spike or S‐protein, and two proteases, the main protease and the papain‐like protease. The S‐protein binds directly to the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 receptor of the human host cell surface, while the two proteases process viral polyproteins. Following the analysis of our structure‐based compound screening, we propose several structurally diverse compounds (either FDA‐approved or in clinical trials) that could display antiviral activity against SARS‐CoV‐2. Clearly, these compounds should be further evaluated in experimental assays and clinical trials to confirm their actual activity against the disease. We hope that these findings may contribute to the rational drug design against COVID‐19.
Drug‐target‐ADR Network and Possible Implications of Structural Variants in Adverse Events
Authors: Dafniet Bryan , Cerisier Natacha , Audouze Karine , Taboureau Olivier 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAdverse drug reactions (ADRs) are of major concern in drug safety. However, due to the biological complexity of human systems, understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in development of ADRs remains a challenging task. Here, we applied network sciences to analyze a tripartite network between 1000 drugs, 1407 targets, and 6164 ADRs. It allowed us to suggest drug targets susceptible to be associated to ADRs and organs, based on the system organ class (SOC). Furthermore, a score was developed to determine the contribution of a set of proteins to ADRs. Finally, we identified proteins that might increase the susceptibility of genes to ADRs, on the basis of knowledge about genomic structural variation in genes encoding proteins targeted by drugs. Such analysis should pave the way to individualize drug therapy and precision medicine.
Accelerated J‐resolved 1H‐MRSI with limited and sparse sampling of (‐space
Authors: Tang Lihong , Zhao Yibo , Li Yudu , Guo Rong , Clifford Bryan , El Fakhri Georges , Ma Chao , Liang Zhi‐Pei , Luo Jie 
Published: July 2020

PurposeTo accelerate the acquisition of J‐resolved proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H‐MRSI) data for high‐resolution mapping of brain metabolites and neurotransmitters.MethodsThe proposed method used a subspace model to represent multidimensional spatiospectral functions, which significantly reduced the number of parameters to be determined from J‐resolved 1H‐MRSI data. A semi‐LASER–based (Localization by Adiabatic SElective Refocusing) echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) sequence was used for data acquisition. The proposed data acquisition scheme sampled ‐space in variable density, where t1 and t2 specify the J‐coupling and chemical‐shift encoding times, respectively. Selection of the J‐coupling encoding times (or, echo time values) was based on a Cramer‐Rao lower bound analysis, which were optimized for gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) detection. In image reconstruction, parameters of the subspace‐based spatiospectral model were determined by solving a constrained optimization problem.ResultsFeasibility of the proposed method was evaluated using both simulated and experimental data from a spectroscopic phantom. The phantom experimental results showed that the proposed method, with a factor of 12 acceleration in data acquisition, could determine the distribution of J‐coupled molecules with expected accuracy. In vivo study with healthy human subjects also showed that 3D maps of brain metabolites and neurotransmitters can be obtained with a nominal spatial resolution of 3.0 × 3.0 × 4.8 mm3 from J‐resolved 1H‐MRSI data acquired in 19.4 min.ConclusionsThis work demonstrated the feasibility of highly accelerated J‐resolved 1H‐MRSI using limited and sparse sampling of ‐space and subspace modeling. With further development, the proposed method may enable high‐resolution mapping of brain metabolites and neurotransmitters in clinical applications.
A crisis in US drug pricing: Consequences for patients with neuromuscular diseases, physicians and society, part 1
Authors: Burns Ted M. , Crowell Jason L. , Smith A. Gordon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDrug prices in the United States have reached astounding heights, negatively impacting patients and society. The vast majority of prescription drug spending is on brand name drugs, which are protected from typical market pressures by FDA exclusivity and intellectual property patents. Drugs to treat “orphan” diseases, of particular relevance to neuromuscular clinicians, are some of the most expensive in all of medicine. The Orphan Drug Act's original intent was to incentivize the creation of drugs that would otherwise provide little economic payoff. While it has facilitated incredible, life‐changing drugs for our patients, it has also become a source of abuse. Many expensive drugs approved under the Orphan Drug Act were previously available for compassionate use or for another indication at much lower prices. As patients increasingly face high drug prices, it is important for clinicians to understand a drug's risk for inducing financial toxicity, as the financial and emotional consequences of an overpriced low‐value drug may outweigh its intended benefit.
A semianalytical approach for solving first‐order perturbation equations of dissolution‐timescale reactive infiltration instability problems in fluid‐saturated rocks
Authors: Zhao Chongbin , Hobbs Bruce E. , Ord Alison 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis paper presents a semianalytical approach for solving first‐order perturbation (FOP) equations, which are used to describe dissolution‐timescale reactive infiltration instability (RII) problems in fluid‐saturated rocks. The proposed approach contains two parts because the chemical dissolution reaction divides the whole problem domain into two subdomains. In the first part, the interface‐condition substitution strategy is used to derive the analytical expressions of purely mathematical solutions for the FOP equations in the upstream subdomain, where the dissolution chemical reaction is ceased and the FOP equations are weakly coupled. In the second part, the finite element method (FEM) is used to derive the analytical expressions of numerical solutions for the FOP equations in the downstream subdomain, where the dissolution chemical reaction needs to be considered and the FOP equations are strongly coupled so that it is impossible to derive purely mathematical solutions for them. Particular attention is paid to the development of the element‐by‐element forward marching strategy, which is associated with the use of the FEM for solving this new kind of scientific problem. The related analytical results demonstrated that (1) both the dynamic characteristic of a reactive infiltration system and the dimensionless wavenumber can have pronounced influences on the distribution of the FOP dimensionless acid concentration within the entire domain of the dissolution‐timescale RII problems in fluid‐saturated rocks and (2) the FOP dimensionless acid concentration distribution exhibits two significantly different patterns in the upstream and downstream subdomains of the dissolution‐timescale RII system.
Quinoidal bisthienoisatin based semiconductors: Synthesis, characterization, and carrier transport property
Authors: Kohara Akihiro , Hasegawa Tsukasa , Ashizawa Minoru , Hayashi Yoshihiro , Kawauchi Susumu , Masunaga Hiroyasu , Ohta Noboru , Matsumoto Hidetoshi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNovel quinoidal bisthienoisatin (QBTI) derivatives end‐capped with phenyl and thienyl groups were designed and synthesized. Single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis of phenyl group flanked QBTI molecule confirmed that the quinoidal structure contributed to the high planarity of the molecular skeleton and the construction of one‐dimensional stacks. The quinoidal form of bisthienoisatin derivatives displayed ambipolar carrier transport properties with mobilities of approximately 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1. Different flanking aromatic rings considerably affected the thin‐film microstructure and hence the charge carrier transport properties of the material. The QBTI‐based narrow energy gap polymers were theoretically designed and synthesized. Delocalized quinoidal resonance of QBTI unit along the polymer backbone is of particular importance to achieve relatively high conductive state (10−3 S cm−1). We demonstrate that QBTI cores should be promising building blocks for constructing narrow energy gap semiconducting and conductive polymers.
Iterative reanalysis approximation‐assisted moving morphable component‐based topology optimization method
Authors: Mo Kangjia , Guo Daozhen , Wang Hu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn Iterative Reanalysis Approximation‐ (IRA) assisted Moving Morphable Components‐ (MMCs) based topology optimization is developed (IRA‐MMC) in this study. Compared with other classical topology optimization methods, Finite Element‐based solver is replaced with the suggested IRA. In this way, the expensive computational cost can be significantly saved by several nested iterations. In the suggested algorithm, a hybrid optimizer based on Method of Moving Asymptotes approach and Globally Convergent version of Method of Moving Asymptotes is suggested to improve convergence ratio and avoid local optimum. Finally, the proposed approach is evaluated by some classical benchmark problems in topology optimization. The results show significant time saving without compromising accuracy.
A literature review of survey instruments used to measure staff‐to‐resident elder abuse in residential care settings
Authors: Malmedal Wenche , Kilvik Astrid , Steinsheim Gunn , Botngård Anja 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo review the literature of existing survey instruments used to measure the occurrence of staff‐to‐resident elder abuse in residential care settings.MethodsA comprehensive literature search during May 2017 produced 2,037 records. Two authors independently reviewed these records for inclusion, where a total of 17 studies met eligibility criteria. Descriptive information of all identified survey instruments is provided.ResultsThis literature review reveals a diversity of survey instruments used to measure staff‐to‐resident abuse in residential care settings. The survey instruments varied greatly, where most instruments were self‐developed by the authors and provided none or limited information on psychometric properties. Most studies were conducted in high‐income countries and many of them in the United States.
A survey of clinical competence of new nurses working in emergency department in Iran: A descriptive, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Vand Tamadoni Behjat , Shahbazi Shahla , Seyedrasooli Alehe , Gilani Neda , Gholizadeh Leila 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsThis article reports on a study investigating the self‐assessed clinical competence of new nurses working in emergency departments.DesignA quantitative approach using descriptive cross‐sectional survey design was employed.MethodsThe clinical competency of the participants was assessed using the Competency Inventory for Registered Nurse questionnaire, which contains the seven dimensions of clinical care, leadership, interpersonal relations, legal/ethical, professional development, teaching/coaching and critical thinking/research aptitude. Data from 115 new nurses employed in emergency departments of nine selected university hospitals in the northwest of Iran were collected by the Competency Inventory for Registered Nurse (CIRN) from December 2018–May 2019 and analysed.ResultsThe mean clinical competency for the total scale was 155.7 (SD32.9), indicating a moderate competency. The most highly self‐rated competency was legal/ethical practice, and the least rated was critical thinking–research aptitude.