bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncoupling Sensation and Perception in Human Time Processing
Authors: Binetti Nicola , Tomassini Alessandro , Friston Karl , Bestmann Sven 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Timing emerges from a hierarchy of computations ranging from early encoding of physical duration (time sensation) to abstract time representations (time perception) suitable for storage and decisional processes. However, the neural basis of the perceptual experience of time remains elusive. To address this, we dissociate brain activity uniquely related to lower-level sensory and higher-order perceptual timing operations, using event-related fMRI. Participants compared subsecond (500 msec) sinusoidal gratings drifting with constant velocity (standard) against two probe stimuli: (1) control gratings drifting at constant velocity or (2) accelerating gratings, which induced illusory shortening of time. We tested two probe intervals: a 500-msec duration (Short) and a longer duration required for an accelerating probe to be perceived as long as the standard (Long—individually determined). On each trial, participants classified the probe as shorter or longer than the standard. This allowed for comparison of trials with an “Objective” (physical) or “Subjective” (perceived) difference in duration, based on participant classifications. Objective duration revealed responses in bilateral early extrastriate areas, extending to higher visual areas in the fusiform gyrus (at more lenient thresholds). By contrast, Subjective duration was reflected by distributed responses in a cortical/subcortical areas. This comprised the left superior frontal gyrus and the left cerebellum, and a wider set of common timing areas including the BG, parietal cortex, and posterior cingulate cortex. These results suggest two functionally independent timing stages: early extraction of duration information in sensory cortices and Subjective experience of duration in a higher-order cortical–subcortical timing areas.
Daytime Cloudless Sky Radiance Quantification with Ground-Based Aerosol and Meteorological Observations in the Shortwave Infrared
Authors: Thomas Grant , Cobb Richard , Fiorino Steven , Hawks Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDaytime spectral sky radiance, or sky brightness, is deceptively complex to predict accurately. The Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference (LEEDR) first-principles atmospheric model propagates the spectral radiance of the sun to a sensor by modeling the scattering, absorption, and transmission of the radiated light through representative atmospheric layers. For this application, LEEDR was used to ingest numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, and scale the boundary layer and incorporate aerosol loading with ground-based measurements. This study compares LEEDR-derived spectral sky radiance simulations that include measured climatological, measured meteorological, and aerosol loading data to direct sky radiance measurements. Direct measurements of the daytime sky are accomplished with a 1-m-aperture telescope and simultaneous I-band and J-band camera observations (~0.8 and ~1.2 μm, respectively). LEEDR models of the daytime sky are compared to I-band and J-band radiances at multiple azimuths, elevations, and observation times. Residual error analysis is used to determine the accuracy of models including numerical weather prediction data, historical climatology, scaled aerosol loading via in situ particle count measurements, and meteorological updates. Key findings motivate the inclusion of real-time particle count measurements into future daytime sky radiance models for increased scattering accuracy via realistic atmospheric aerosol loading.
Development of a Tailored Behavioral Weight Loss Program for Veterans With PTSD (MOVE!+UP): A Mixed-Methods Uncontrolled Iterative Pilot Study
Authors: Hoerster Katherine D. , Tanksley Lamont , Simpson Tracy , Saelens Brian E. , Unützer Jürgen , Black Marissa , Greene Preston , Sulayman Nadiyah , Reiber Gayle , Nelson Karin 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: Veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) lose less weight in the Veterans Affairs (VA) weight management program (MOVE!), so we developed MOVE!+UP. Design: Single-arm pre–post pilot to iteratively develop MOVE!+UP (2015-2018). Setting: Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Participants: Overweight Veterans with PTSD (5 cohorts of n = 5-11 [N = 44]; n = 39 received ≥1 MOVE+UP session, with cohorts 1-4 [n = 31] = “Development” and cohort 5 [n = 8] = “Final” MOVE!+UP). Intervention: MOVE!+UP weight management for Veterans with PTSD modified after each cohort. Final MOVE!+UP was coled by a licensed clinical psychologist and Veteran peer counselor in 16 two-hour in-person group sessions and 2 individual dietician visits. Sessions included general weight loss support (eg, behavioral monitoring with facilitator feedback, weekly weighing), cognitive-behavioral skills to address PTSD-specific barriers, and a 30-minute walk to a nearby park. Measures: To inform post-cohort modifications, we assessed weight, PTSD, and treatment targets (eg, physical activity, diet), and conducted qualitative interviews. Analysis: Baseline to 16-week paired t tests and template analysis. Results: Development cohorts suggested improvements (eg, additional sessions and weight loss information, professional involvement) and did not lose weight (mean [ M] = 1.8 lbs (standard deviation [SD] = 8.2); P = .29. Conversely, the final cohort reported high satisfaction and showed meaningful weight ( M = −14 pounds [SD = 3.7] and 71% lost ≥5% baseline weight) and PTSD ( M = −17.9 [SD = 12.2]) improvements, P < .05. Conclusions: The comprehensive, 16-week, in-person, cofacilitated Final MOVE!+UP was acceptable and may improve the health of people with PTSD. Iterative development likely produced a patient-centered intervention, needing further testing.
Comorbid disease burden among MS patients 1968–2012: A Swedish register–based cohort study
Authors: Smith Kelsi A , Burkill Sarah , Hiyoshi Ayako , Olsson Tomas , Bahmanyar Shahram , Wormser David , Geissbühler Yvonne , Moore Alan , Kharat Vineetkumar , Montgomery Scott 
Published: March 2020

Background: People with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) have increased comorbid disease (CMD) risk. Most previous studies have not considered overall CMD burden. Objective: To describe lifetime CMD burden among pwMS. Methods: PwMS identified using Swedish registers between 1968 and 2012 ( n = 25,476) were matched by sex, age, and county of residence with general-population comparators ( n = 251,170). Prevalence, prevalence ratios (PRs), survival functions, and hazard ratios by MS status, age, and time period compared seven CMD: autoimmune, cardiovascular, depression, diabetes, respiratory, renal, and seizures. Results: The magnitude of the PRs for each CMD and age group decreased across time, with higher PRs in earlier time periods. Before 1990, younger age groups had higher PRs, and after 1990, older age groups had higher PRs. Male pwMS had higher burden compared with females. Overall, renal, respiratory, and seizures had the highest PRs. Before 2001, 50% of pwMS received a first/additional CMD diagnosis 20 years prior to people without MS, which reduced to 4 years after 2001. PwMS had four times higher rates of first/additional diagnoses in earlier time periods, which reduced to less than two times higher in recent time periods compared to people without MS. Conclusion: Swedish pwMS have increased CMD burden compared with the general population, but this has reduced over time.
Comparing febrile children presenting on and off antibiotics to the emergency department: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sawaya R. D. , El Zahran T. , Mrad S. , Abdul Massih C. , Shaya S. , Makki M. , Tamim H. , Majdalani M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is not yet known how antibiotics may affect Serious Bacterial Infections (SBI). Our aim is to describe the presentation, management, and serious bacterial infections (SBI) of febrile children on or off antibiotics.MethodsRetrospective, cohort study of febrile Emergency Department patients, 0–36 months of age, at a single institution, between 2009and 2012.ResultsSeven hundred fifty-three patients were included: 584 in the No-Antibiotics group and 169 (22%) in the Antibiotics group. Age and abnormal lung sounds were predictors for being on antibiotics (OR 2.00 [95% CI 1.23–3.25] and OR 1.04 [95% CI 1.02–1.06] respectively) while female gender, and lower temperatures were negative predictors (OR 0.68 [95%0.47–0.98] and OR 0.47 [95% CI 0.32–0.67] respectively). Antibiotics were prescribed by a physician 89% of the time; the most common one being Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid (39%). The antibiotic group got more blood tests (57% vs 45%) and Chest X-Rays (37% vs 25%). Overall, the percent of SBIs (and pneumonias) was statistically the same in both groups (6.5% in the No-antibiotic group VS 3.6%).ConclusionsChildren presenting on antibiotics and off antibiotics were significantly different in their presentation and management, although the overall percentages of SBI were similar in each group. Further investigations into this subgroup of febrile children are needed.
Survival and mortality of elderly men with localized prostate cancer managed with primary androgen deprivation therapy or by primary observation
Authors: Seikkula Heikki , Boström Peter J. , Seppä Karri , Pitkäniemi Janne , Malila Nea , Kaipia Antti 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains a primary treatment for localized prostate cancer (PCa) even though there is no evidence that its use is beneficial in the absence of curative treatment.

Methods
Men aged ≥70 years (n = 16,534) diagnosed with localized PCa from 1985 to 2014 and managed either with primary observation or ADT in the absence of curative treatment were included. The cases were identified from the population-based Finnish Cancer Registry. We estimated the standardized mortality ratios (SMR) for overall mortality by treatment group. We determined the relative risk (RR) of PCa-specific mortality (PCSM) and other-cause mortality between the two treatment groups. Survival was determined using the life table method. Two age groups (70–79 years and ≥ 80 years) and three calendar time cohorts (1985–1994, 1995–2004, and 2005–2014) were compared following adjustment of propensity score matching between the treatment groups with four covariates (age, year of diagnosis, educational level, and hospital district). Follow-up continued until death or until December 31, 2015.

Results
Patients in the observation group had lower overall SMRs than those in the ADT group in both age cohorts over the entire study period. PCSM was higher in men aged 70–79 years undergoing primary ADT compared to those managed by observation only (RR: 1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–2.23 [1985–1994]; RR 1.55, 95% CI: 1.35–1.84 [1995–2004]; and RR 2.71, 95% CI: 2.08–3.53 [2005–2014]); p = 0.005 for periodic trend. A similar trend over time was also observed in men aged > 80 years; (p for age–period interaction = 0.237). Overall survival was also higher among men in their 70’s managed by observation compared to those undergoing ADT.

Conclusions
Primary ADT within four months period from diagnosis is not associated with improved long-term overall survival or decreased PCSM compared to primary conservative management for men with localized PCa. However, this observational study’s conclusions should be weighted with confounding factors related to cancer aggressiveness and comorbidities.
Life-threatening acute water intoxication in a woman undergoing hysteroscopic myomectomy: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Liao Chen-Yi , Lo Chang-Han , Yu Mu-Xian , Chan Wei-Hung , Wei Kuang-yu , Tseng Min-Feng , Wu Chia-Chao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Acute water intoxication after hysteroscopy is a rare, life-threatening condition, often accompanied with delayed diagnosis owing to masked symptoms because of general anesthesia.

Case presentation
Herein we presented a 39-year-old female who presented with cardiac arrest after hysteroscopic myomectomy because of acute water intoxication and survived after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, continuous venous–venous hemofiltration, and aggressive high sodium fluid resuscitation.

Conclusion
Failure to recognize and treat this condition appropriately may lead to potentially lethal cardiopulmonary complications.
Natural resources used as folk cosmeceuticals among rural communities in Vhembe district municipality, Limpopo province, South Africa
Authors: Setshego Mamokete Venolia , Aremu Adeyemi Oladapo , Mooki Obakeng , Otang-Mbeng Wilfred 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundSkin-related diseases affect every individual irrespective of age, gender or social status. Since time immemorial, humans have explored natural resources from their environment for the maintenance of the skin. This explorative survey was conducted to document the natural resources (plant and non-plant materials) used for folk cosmeceuticals by rural communities in Vhembe district municipality, Limpopo province, South Africa.MethodsThe research was conducted in six communities namely: Tshakuma, Shigalo, Tshamutilikwa, Luvhimbi (Masikhwa), Khakhanwa, and Folovhodwe in Vhembe district. Random and convenient sampling was used to access the target population. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to interview 71 participants that comprised traditional practitioners, herbalists and laypeople from the study area. Collected data were analysed using both quantitative (for e.g. frequency, use-value and relative frequency of citation) and qualitative (thematic) analytical methods.ResultsA total of 52 plants from 27 families and 22 non-plant materials were used as folk cosmeceuticals in the study area. The most cited plants includedDicerocaryum zanguebarium(Pedaliaceae),Ricinus communis(Euphorbiaceae)and Helinus integrifolius(Rhamnaceae).Trees and shrubs were the most common plant-life form while leaves were the most popular plant part. Pig fats, red ochre (Luvhundi soil) and ashes were the most cited non-plant materials. These documented natural resources are frequently prepared by crushing and mostly used to heal wounds.ConclusionTraditional knowledge concerning folk cosmeceuticals is mostly held by elders. The high number of natural resources documented is an indication that Vhembe district is rich in ethnopharmacological knowledge. Scientific investigation of the efficacies and safety of these natural resources is highly recommended as a drive aimed at innovations with benefits to the rural communities who are the custodians of this valuable knowledge.
Responsive evaluation of stakeholder dialogue as a worksite health promotion intervention to contribute to the reduction of SEP related health inequalities: a study protocol
Authors: van Heijster Hanneke , van Berkel Jantien , Abma Tineke , Boot Cécile R. L. , de Vet Emely 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Large health inequalities exist in the Netherlands among individuals with a high compared to a low socioeconomic position. Worksite health promotion interventions are considered promising to reduce these inequalities, however, current interventions seem not to have the desired effects. This study proposes ‘moral case deliberation’, a form of stakeholder dialogue on moral dilemmas, as an integrated and inclusive intervention for worksite health promotion. This intervention takes into account three factors that are considered possible underlying causes of low effectiveness of current interventions, namely the lack of deliberate attention to: 1) the diverging values and interests of stakeholders in worksite health promotion, 2) the ethical issues of worksite health promotion, and 3) the connection with the lived experience (lifeworld) of lower SEP employees. Moral case deliberation will help to gain insight in the conflicting values in worksite health promotion, which contributes to the development of a vision for worksite health promotion that is supported by all parties.

Methods
The intervention will be evaluated through Responsive Evaluation, a form of participatory research. Key to Responsive Evaluation is that stakeholders are consulted to determine relevant changes as a result of the intervention. The intervention will be evaluated yearly at both fixed moments (baseline and annual evaluation(s)) and continuously. Mixed methods will be used, including interviews, participatory observations, analyses of HRM-data and short questionnaires. In addition, the intervention will be evaluated economically, on both monetary and non-monetary outcomes.

Discussion
This protocol proposes an innovative intervention and a novel participatory evaluation in the context of worksite health promotion. The study aims to gain understanding in how dialogue on moral dilemmas on health and health promotion can contribute to heightened personal and mutual understanding among stakeholders and practice improvements in the work context. By evaluating the intervention in more than one setting, findings of this study will provide knowledge about how MCD can be adapted to specific work settings and what changes it may lead to in these settings.

Trial registration
Netherlands Trial Register (NRT): NL8051. Registration date: 28/09/2019, retrospectively registered. https://www.trialregister.nl/
Cigarette smoke and electronic cigarettes differentially activate bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Herr Christian , Tsitouras Konstantinos , Niederstraßer Julia , Backes Christina , Beisswenger Christoph , Dong Li , Guillot Loïc , Keller Andreas , Bals Robert 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The use of electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) is increasing, but the impact of ECIG-vapor on cellular processes like inflammation or host defense are less understood. The aim of the present study was to compare the acute effects of traditional cigarettes (TCIGs) and ECIG-exposure on host defense, inflammation, and cellular activation of cell lines and primary differentiated human airway epithelial cells (pHBE).

Methods
We exposed pHBEs and several cell lines to TCIG-smoke or ECIG-vapor. Epithelial host defense and barrier integrity were determined. The transcriptome of airway epithelial cells was compared by gene expression array analysis. Gene interaction networks were constructed and differential gene expression over all groups analyzed. The expression of several candidate genes was validated by qRT-PCR.

Results
Bacterial killing, barrier integrity and the expression of antimicrobial peptides were not affected by ECIG-vapor compared to control samples. In contrast, TCIGs negatively affected host defense and reduced barrier integrity in a significant way. Furthermore ECIG-exposure significantly induced IL-8 secretion from Calu-3 cells but had no effect on NCI-H292 or primary cells. The gene expression based on array analysis distinguished TCIG-exposed cells from ECIG and room air-exposed samples.

Conclusion
The transcriptome patterns of host defense and inflammatory genes are significantly distinct between ECIG-exposed and TCIG-treated cells. The overall effects of ECIGs on epithelial cells are less in comparison to TCIG, and ECIG-vapor does not affect host defense. Nevertheless, although acute exposure to ECIG-vapor induces inflammation, and the expression of S100 proteins, long term in vivo data is needed to evaluate the chronic effects of ECIG use.
Glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate metered dose inhaler for maintenance-naïve patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a post-hoc analysis of the randomized PINNACLE trials
Authors: Zheng Jinping , Xu Jin-fu , Jenkins Martin , Assam Pryseley Nkouibert , Wang Lijiao , Lipworth Brian J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Glycopyrrolate (GP)/formoterol fumarate (FF; GFF) metered dose inhaler is a fixed-dose combination dual bronchodilator for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, whether the efficacy in patients without current maintenance treatment is consistent with currently maintenance-treated patients is unclear.

Methods
Data from patients who were not maintenance-treated at screening (NMT) (n = 1943) and patients who were maintenance-treated at screening (MT) patients (n = 3040) receiving GFF, FF, GP, or placebo were pooled from the Phase III PINNACLE studies (NCT01854645, NCT01854658, NCT02343458) for post-hoc analysis. MT patients had received long-acting bronchodilators and/or inhaled corticosteroids in the 30 days prior to screening, and/or prior to randomization. NMT patients had received short-acting bronchodilators or no treatment. Outcomes included forced expiratory volume over 1 s (FEV1), clinically important deterioration (CID), rescue medication use, and safety.

Results
GFF provided significant lung function improvements at Week 24 versus placebo, GP, and FF for NMT patients, with pre-dose trough FEV1 treatment differences of 152 (117–188) mL, 73 (45–100) mL, and 56 (29–84) mL, respectively (least squares mean change from baseline versus comparators [95% CI]; all P < 0.0001). GFF reduced the risk of CID by 17–43% in NMT (P ≤ 0.0157) and 18–52% (P ≤ 0.0012) in MT patients compared with monotherapy and placebo, and reduced rescue medication use by 1.5 puffs/day over 24 weeks for both cohorts. Safety profiles for all cohorts were consistent with each other and the parent studies.

Conclusions
NMT patients achieved better lung function with GFF versus monotherapy and placebo, without increased safety risk. Dual bronchodilator therapy may offer better outcomes than monotherapy for COPD patients when administered as first-line treatment.