bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Female care leavers' journey to young adulthood from residential care in South Africa: Gender‐specific psychosocial processes of resilience
Authors: Hlungwani Joyce , van Breda Adrian D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe journey from care to young adulthood is often accompanied by many challenges, making care leavers one of society's most vulnerable populations. Although research on young people leaving residential care is gaining increased attention globally, there is limited research that focuses on female care leavers. This article describes the psychosocial resilience processes that facilitate successful transitioning of young women as they journey out of residential care towards young adulthood. The methodology employed is a modified replication of a previous study with young men, with the aim of determining whether women utilize resilience processes in the journey out of care that are different from men. A sample of nine female care leavers was purposively selected and interviewed. Data were analysed using grounded theory methods. The findings indicate that although similar resilience processes are found in both male and female care leavers, there are also resilience processes that are specific to women, notably embracing motherhood and taking on responsibilities. It is concluded that resilience‐building programmes for young people leaving care should attend both to males and females together and also address issues specific to the care transition of women.
Retrospective study of the renal function using estimated glomerular filtration rate and congenital anomalies of the kidney‐urinary tract in pediatric Turner syndrome
Authors: Izumita Yukie , Nishigaki Satsuki , Satoh Mari , Takubo Noriyuki , Numakura Chikahiko , Takahashi Ikuko , Soneda Shun , Abe Yoshifusa , Kamasaki Hotaka , Ohtsu Yoshiaki , Igaki Junko , Hasegawa Yukihiro , Nagasaki Keisuke 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough Turner syndrome (TS) is frequently associated with congenital anomalies of the kidney‐urinary tract (CAKUT), which is a major cause of pediatric chronic kidney disease, renal function in TS is usually considered normal. The present study aimed to analyze the frequency of renal dysfunction and CAKUT in pediatric patients with TS. Our study included 122 patients with TS between the ages of 2 and 18 years from 30 hospitals across Japan. Clinical data related to renal function and CAKUT were retrospectively collected. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the serum creatinine‐based formula recommended by the Japanese Society for Pediatric Nephrology. An eGFR <90 mL/min/1.73 m2 for two consecutive years was defined as renal dysfunction. Fifteen (13.5%) of 122 patients had CAKUT, and four patients had renal dysfunction (3.2%, 95% confidence interval: 0%‐6.7%). Three of the four did not have CAKUT. Of the CAKUT manifestations, horseshoe kidney, renal hypodysplasia, and multicystic dysplastic kidney were seen in nine, two, and one patient, respectively. Eight of the nine patients with horseshoe kidney had a normal renal function; however, the remaining patient with renal hypodysplasia had renal dysfunction. A small percentage of patients with pediatric TS may had an eGFR below 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 which was not necessarily associated with CAKUT.
Lithuanian version of nasolacrimal duct obstruction symptom scoring questionnaire. Cross‐cultural adaptation and validation. Short‐ and long‐term results
Authors: Jakštas Tomas , Balsevičius Tomas , Vaitkus Saulius , Padervinskis Evaldas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to perform translation, cross‐cultural adaptation and validation of the Lithuanian version of specific nasolacrimal duct obstruction symptom scoring (NLDO‐SS) questionnaire and to evaluate short‐ and long‐term results of endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (EN‐DCRS) procedure.Design, Setting, ParticipantsPermission for questionnaire translation, cross‐cultural adaptation and validation was obtained from the authors of the original questionnaire. Translation, validation and cross‐cultural adaptation were carried out according to generally accepted methodology. Validation study of the Lithuanian version of NLDO‐SS (L‐NLDO‐SS) was performed, and short‐ and long‐term results of EN‐DCRS procedure were evaluated according to symptoms. In total, 44 patients were evaluated 2 weeks before the surgical intervention, a day before the surgery and 41 patients 2 months after the surgery, and again 10 months later.Main outcome measuresWe analysed the internal consistency and test‐retest reliability of the L‐NLDO‐SS questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was used to represent and evaluate internal consistency for ordinal responses. Validity was assessed by comparing scores between a control group of volunteers without NLDO and the NLDO group using Mann‐Whitney test. To test the limiting score on which the sensitivity and specificity curves cross in identifying patients with NLDO, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used. The pre‐ and post‐operative scores were compared using the paired t‐test.ResultsThe results showed an acceptable internal consistency of L‐NLDO‐SS questionnaire, with Cronbach's alpha—.73 in the initial test group and .71 in the retest group. Pearson's correlation coefficient was .94 (P < .001), revealing good correlation between the initial scores and the retest scores. Our sample of healthy individuals had a mean L‐NLDO‐SS score of 11.42 (±12.69) points, and patients being scheduled for EN‐DCRS had a mean L‐NLDO‐SS score of 27.45 (±9.81) points. Post‐operatively mean L‐NLDO‐SS scores improved from 27.45 (±9.81) points to 4.45 (±6.29) points in the short term and to 5.83 (±4.17) in the long term, demonstrating the statistically significant responsiveness of the instrument over both timescales.ConclusionsLithuanian version of NLDO‐SS questionnaire is a valid instrument for assessing patients with NLDO in the Lithuanian population. It demonstrated good internal consistency, reproducibility, validity and responsiveness.
Combined strategies following surgical drainage for perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease: failure rates and prognostic factors
Authors: Herissay A. , Siproudhis L. , Le Balc’h E. , Merlini L’Heritier A. , Dewitte M. , Wallenhorst T. , Bouguen G. , Brochard C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThe medico‐surgical strategy for the treatment of perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease (CD) following surgical drainage remains challenging and debated. Our aims were to describe the failure rate of therapeutic interventions after drainage of the fistula tract and determine the factors associated with failure to optimize medico‐surgical strategies.MethodAll consecutive patients with perianal fistulizing CD who underwent surgical drainage with at least a 12‐week follow‐up were included. Failure was defined as the occurrence of at least one of the following items: abscess recurrence, purulent discharge from the tract, visible external opening and further drainage procedure(s).ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐nine patients were included. The median follow‐up was 4.0 years. The cumulative failure rates were 20%, 30% and 36% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. The cumulative failure rates in patients who had sphincter‐sparing surgeries or seton removal were significantly higher than in those who had a fistulotomy. Anterior fistula [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.52 (1.13–5.61), P = 0.024], supralevator extension [HR = 20.78 (3.38–127.80), P = 0.001] and the absence or discontinuation of immunosuppressants after anal drainage [HR = 3.74 (1.11–12.5), P = 0.032] were significantly associated with failure in the multivariate analysis model.ConclusionCombined strategies for perianal fistulizing CD lead to a failure rate of 36% at 5 years. Where advisable, fistulotomy may be preferred because it has a lower rate of recurrence. The benefits of immunosuppressants require a dedicated prospective randomized trial.
Symptom‐based scoring for haemorrhoidal disease: a systematic review
Authors: Jin J. , Xia W. , Connolly A. , Hill A.G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimHaemorrhoidal disease can severely affect a patient’s quality of life. Its classification is commonly based on morphology of the degree of prolapse; however, this does not take into account the symptoms and impact on the quality of life. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the most appropriate instruments that classify the severity of disease according to symptoms.MethodA PRISMA‐compliant search was conducted in December 2019 to identify studies that described the validation of a haemorrhoidal symptom score. The measurement properties of the scoring systems were assessed based on the consensus‐based standards for the selection of health status measurement instruments (COSMIN) methodology for systematic reviews for patient‐reported outcome measures.ResultsA total of 5288 articles were identified, with five articles included. Three studies developed a scoring system based on a set of core symptoms for a cohort of patients and validated the score against treatment outcomes. One study developed a disease‐specific quality of life questionnaire based on symptoms to evaluate disease burden. One study combined both quality of life and symptom measures and tested measurement properties on two cohorts of patients. Only one study demonstrated satisfactory valid, reliable and responsive measurement criteria.ConclusionA single study demonstrated sufficient quality in measurement properties to be recommended for clinical use. Further studies in this area should utilize consensus‐based standards for designing and reporting validation research to ensure that the appropriate evidence base is acquired if any further patient‐reported outcome measures are to be recommended.
Patterns of emergency department utilization between transplant and non‐transplant centers and impact on clinical outcomes in kidney recipients
Authors: Perkins Haley , Taber David , Patel Neha , Rohan Vinayak , Su Zemin , Dubay Derek , McGillicuddy John 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is a high rate of Emergency Department (ED) utilization in kidney recipients post‐transplant; ED visits are associated with readmission rates and lower survival rates. However, utilization within and outside transplant centers may lead to different outcomes. The objective was to analyze ED utilization patterns at transplant and non‐transplant centers as well as common etiologies of ED visits and correlation with hospitalization, graft, and patient outcomes. This was a longitudinal, retrospective, single‐center cohort study in kidney transplant recipients evaluating ED utilization. Comparator groups were determined by ED location, time from transplant, and disposition/readmission from ED visit. 1,106 kidney recipients were included in the study. ED utilization dropped at the transplant center after the 1st year (P < .001), while remaining at a similar rate at non‐transplant centers (0.22 vs 1.06 VPPY). Infection and allograft complications were the most common causes of ED visits. In multivariable Cox modeling, an ED visit due to allograft complication at a non‐transplant center >1 year post‐transplant was associated with higher risk for graft loss and death (aHR 2.93 and aHR 1.75, P < .0001). The results of this study demonstrate an increased risk of graft loss among patients who utilize non‐transplant center emergency departments. Improved communication and coordination between transplant centers and non‐transplant centers may contribute to better long‐term outcomes.
Secondary cutaneous involvement by direct extension in high‐grade B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Subtil Antonio , Gru Alejandro A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCutaneous involvement by a systemic lymphoma via direct extension is a very rare phenomenon, historically described in patients who had advanced‐stage disease with bulky lymphadenopathy. Since its original description, most cases of cutaneous lymphomatous spread via direct extension are attributable to Hodgkin disease. Here, we report the occurrence of direct cutaneous dissemination in the setting of nodal high‐grade B‐cell lymphomas, specifically diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and B‐cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between DLBCL and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (also called gray‐zone lymphoma). Both cases are adequately documented with clinical, histopathologic, and immunophenotypic data, as well as additional cytogenetic analysis.
People with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia have a delayed reaction to performing a glucose scan during hypoglycaemia: a prospective observational study
Authors: Moser O. , Ziko H. , Elsayed H. , Hochfellner D. A. , Pöttler T. , Mueller A. , Eckstein M. L. , Sourij H. , Mader J. K. ,   the Hypo‐RESOLVE Consortium
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsConsidering that people with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) have a delayed perception of hypoglycaemia, the question arises whether they perform scans later in case of hypoglycaemia than people without IAH. We assessed whether time to performing a scan after reaching hypoglycaemia while using a flash glucose monitoring (flash GM) system is different in people with IAH compared with people without IAH.MethodsNinety‐two people with type 1 diabetes [mean (± sd) age 42 ± 14 years, HbA1c 57 ± 9 mmol/mol] using a flash GM system for 3 months were included. Flash GM data were assessed for time until scan after reaching hypoglycaemia level 1 (< 3.9 mmol/l) and level 2 (< 3.0 mmol/l) and compared for type 1 diabetes with vs. without IAH via unpaired t‐test/Mann–Whitney U test (P < 0.05).ResultsSignificant differences were found only for the delay between reaching hypoglycaemia and scan between people with and without IAH for Gold score [hypoglycaemia level 1: IAH 78 (51–105) min vs. without IAH 63 (42–89) min, P = 0.03; night‐time hypoglycaemia level 2: IAH 140 (107–227) min vs. without IAH 96 (41–155) min, P = 0.004] and Pedersen‐Bjergaard score [hypoglycaemia level 1: IAH 76 (52–97) min vs. without IAH 54 (38–71) min, P = 0.011; night‐time hypoglycaemia level 1: IAH 132 (79–209) min vs. without IAH 89 (59–143) min, P = 0.011; night‐time hypoglycaemia level 2: IAH 134 (66–212) min vs. without IAH 80 (37–131) min, P = 0.002). Data are shown as median (i.q.r.).ConclusionsTime until scan after reaching hypoglycaemia might be an objective assessment tool for IAH, but needs to be investigated comprehensively in future studies.
The impact of different hair‐removal behaviours on the biophysical and biochemical characteristics of female axillary skin
Authors: Evans R. L. , Bates S. , Marriott R. E. , Arnold D. S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe impact of hair removal on the biophysical and biochemical characteristics of human axillary skin is not fully understood. This study investigated the effect of different hair‐removal techniques on biophysical parameters and the concentrations of key inflammatory biomarkers in the axillae of female Thai subjects. Axillary hair was removed by shaving, plucking or waxing.MethodsFollowing a 2‐week washout phase without hair removal, subjects underwent visual assessment for erythema and skin dryness in one (randomized) axilla, then, hair was removed from the axilla by shaving, plucking or waxing according to each subject’s established habit. Erythema and dryness were assessed again 30 min after hair removal, and buffer scrubs collected from depilated and non‐depilated axillae and analysed for inflammatory cytokines; after a further 48 h, erythema, dryness and post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIHP) were assessed in the depilated axilla. Biophysical assessments (skin hydration, barrier integrity, elasticity and roughness) were made in depilated and non‐depilated axillae.ResultsAll three hair‐removal techniques induced an increase in axillary erythema and skin dryness. Shaving was associated with significantly less erythema (P < 0.01), but significantly greater skin dryness (P < 0.05) versus the other techniques 30 min after hair removal. There were no between‐technique differences in PIHP or biophysical parameters. Interleukins IL‐1α and IL‐1RA concentrations increased, and IL‐8 concentration decreased following hair removal by each technique.ConclusionThis is the first study to identify the principal cytokines associated with the inflammatory process triggered by axillary hair removal. A single hair‐removal treatment did not appear to induce PIHP or further biophysical changes to the skin.
Evaluation of health‐related composition and bioactivity of five fruit juices following Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation and simulated digestion
Authors: Zeng Huawei , Shuai Yuying , Zeng Xin , Xin Bingyue , Huang Mingqua , Li Bin , Qiao Jie , Wang Yijia , Qiu Xiaoli , Wang Chengtao 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis study identified and compared the health‐related components and bioactivity of five fruit juices following Lactobacillus plantarum NRRL‐B‐14768 fermentation and subsequent simulated gastrointestinal digestion. After 48‐h fermentation, the vitamin C and total phenol content of orange juice, the polysaccharide content of watermelon juice and the content of functional elements in orange and tomato juices were relatively high. FTIR spectroscopy was used to reveal changes in phenols and organic acids. During fermentation, orange juice displayed the best 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging capacities and inhibition of α‐glucosidase (α‐GC) and xanthine oxidase (XO), compared to the other fruit juices. After simulated gastrointestinal digestion, fermented orange juice had the highest vitamin C content, DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging capacities and XO inhibitory activity, and fermented pineapple juice had the highest α‐GC inhibitory activity. These results indicated the potential of these juices in producing fermented juice with high specific functionality.
Microbiome of the first stool and overweight at age 3 years: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Korpela Katja , Renko Marjo , Vänni Petri , Paalanne Niko , Salo Jarmo , Tejesvi Mysore V. , Koivusaari Pirjo , Ojaniemi Marja , Pokka Tytti , Kaukola Tuula , Pirttilä Anna M. , Tapiainen Terhi 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundSeveral reports have revealed that the first‐pass meconium hosts a diverse microbiome, but its clinical significance is not known.ObjectiveWe designed a prospective population‐based cohort study to evaluate whether the meconium microbiome predicts subsequent growth in children.MethodsThe study comprised 212 consecutive newborns with a meconium sample and a follow‐up sample at 1 year of age. Trained nurses measured the children for weight and length using standardized techniques. We used next‐generation sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene and machine‐learning approach for the analysis.ResultsThe children with overweight at 3 years of age differed in their meconium microbiome from those with normal weight, having a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes phylum (29% vs 15%, P = .013). Using the machine‐learning approach, the gut microbiome at birth predicted subsequent overweight with area under the curve 0.70 (SD 0.04). A lower proportion of Staphylococcus at birth was associated with greater length/height at 1 year (ß = −.68, P = .029) and 2 years of age (β = −.74, P = .030).ConclusionsThe microbiome of the first‐pass meconium predicted subsequent overweight at the age of 3 years. The association between the gut microbiome and overweight appears to start already during pregnancy and at birth.
Intracavernosal Invicorp as a second line injection therapy for erectile dysfunction after failure of alprostadil
Authors: Bazo A. E. , McAllister B. J. , Terry T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe retrospectively reviewed 51 men who switched to Invicorp intracavernosal therapy following failure of treatment, or development of pain, with alprostadil intracavernosal injections. Invicorp was successful in 61% of alprostadil non‐responders, with no reported penile pain. Three patients (6%) were admitted with priapism which was appropriately treated. Invicorp proved successful in two thirds of the patients who had failed to respond to intracavernosal alprostadil. Invicorp is an excellent alternative for alprostadil non‐responders, proving successful in 61% of this group. Unlike alprostadil injection, Invicorp users did not experience penile pain after the injection and experienced a 50% reduction in incidence of priapism.
Tracking the motion of intracardiac structures aids the development of future leadless pacing systems
Authors: Razeghi Orod , Strocchi Marina , Lee Angela , Longobardi Stefano , Sidhu Baldeep S. , Gould Justin , Behar Jonathan M. , Rajani Ronak , Rinaldi Christopher A. , Niederer Steven A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundLeadless pacemakers preclude the need for permanent leads to pace endocardium. However, it is yet to be determined whether a leadless pacemaker of a similar design to those manufactured for the right ventricle (RV) fits within the left ventricle (LV), without interfering with intracardiac structures.MethodsCardiac computed tomography scans were obtained from 30 patients indicated for cardiac resynchronisation therapy upgrade. The mitral valve annulus, chordae tendineae, papillary muscles and LV endocardial wall were marked in the end‐diastolic frame. Intracardiac structures motions were tracked through the cardiac cycle. Two pacemaker designs similar to commercially manufactured leadless systems (Abbott's Nanostim LCP and Medtronic's Micra TPS) as well as theoretical designs with calculated optimal dimensions were evaluated. Pacemakers were virtually placed across the LV endocardial surface and collisions between them and intracardiac structures were detected throughout the cycle.ResultsProbability maps of LV intracardiac structures collisions on a 16‐segment AHA model indicated possible placement for the Nanostim LCP, Micra TPS, and theoretical designs. Thresholding these maps at a 20% chance of collision revealed only about 36% of the endocardial surface remained collision‐free with the deployment of Micra TPS design. The same threshold left no collision‐free surface in the case of the Nanostim LCP. To reach at least half of the LV endocardium, the volume of Micra TPS, which is the smaller design, needed to be decreased by 41%.ConclusionDue to the presence of intracardiac structures, placement of leadless pacemakers with dimensions similar to commercially manufactured RV systems would be limited to apical regions.