bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic analysis of reserve proteins in commercial rice cultivars
Authors: Graziano Sara , Marmiroli Nelson , Gullì Mariolina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRice consumption is rising in western countries with the adoption of new nutritional styles, which require the avoidance of gluten. Nevertheless, there are reports of rice allergic reactions. Rice grains contain a low amount of proteins most of which are storage proteins represented by glutelins, prolamins, albumins, and globulins. Some of these proteins are seed allergenic proteins as α‐amylase/trypsin inhibitor, globulins, β‐glyoxylase, and several glutelins. Italy is the major rice producer in Europe, and for this, seed reserve proteins of four Italian rice cultivars were characterized by 2D‐GE analysis. Some differentially abundant proteins were identified and classified as allergenic proteins, prompting a further characterization of the genes encoding some of these proteins. In particular, a deletion in the promoter region of the 19 KDa globulin gene has been identified, which may be responsible for the different abundance of the protein in the Karnak cultivar. This polymorphism can be applied for cultivar identification in commercial samples. Seed proteome was characterized by a variable combination of several proteins, which may determine a different allergenic potential. Proteomic and genomic allowed to identify the protein profile of four commercial cultivars and to develop a molecular marker useful for the analysis of commercial products.
Synthesis of novel chemicals from cardanol as a product of cashew nutshell processing
Authors: Deutsch Jens , Köckritz Angela 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe conversion of the worldwide chemical production from fossil to sustainable resources is currently one of the most urgent tasks for the chemical industry. Based on this approach cardanol, a mixture of phenols with C15‐chains as substituents is produced in some countries of the tropical zone from the processing of cashew nutshells. The paper reports the specific transformation of the aromatic moiety in this cheap material, and thus, the development of a novel route to potential useful green bifunctional chemicals in gram scale. Accordingly, cardanol was converted successfully in three steps into hexane‐1,6‐diols. The evaluation of appropriate synthesis methods and suitable conditions for each of these reaction steps is presented as an essential topic of these investigations. The target compounds synthesized in the reaction sequence are potential building blocks for future biomass‐based chemicals and monomers for green polymeric materials, surfactants, and lubricants.
Solar thermochemical conversion of CO2 via erbium oxide based redox cycle
Authors: Bhosale Rahul R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInvestigation of the viability of the erbium oxide‐based solar thermochemical CO2 splitting cycle is reported. This study aimed to explore the effect of partial thermal reduction (TR) of Er2O3 on the thermodynamic process parameters desirable to design a solar reactor system for the erbium oxide‐based CO2 splitting (ErO‐CS) cycle. First, the percentage TR of Er2O3 is estimated as a function of the TR temperature (). Acquired results indicated that to achieve a percentage TR of Er2O3 in the range of 5–100%; the solar reactor has to be functioned in the temperature range of = 2327–2677 K. The solar energy required to drive the ErO‐CS cycle () was observed to be on the higher side due to the obligation of the elevated values of . This rise in the as a function of percentage TR of Er2O3 reflected in a decrease in the solar‐to‐fuel energy conversion efficiency (). The maximum = 4.04% is achieved for a percentage TR of Er2O3 = 25% ( = 2432 K). By employing 100% heat recuperation, the (for percentage TR of Er2O3 = 25%) increased up to 5.79%. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Steady MHD Casson Ohmic heating and viscous dissipative fluid flow past an infinite vertical porous plate in the presence of Soret, Hall, and ion‐slip current
Authors: Rajakumar K. V. B. , Umasankara Reddy M. , Balamurugan K. S. , Raja Ram K. V. B. S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the present study, the influence of Hall and ion‐slip current on steady magnetohydrodynamics mixed convective, Ohmic heating, and viscous dissipative Casson fluid flow over an infinite vertical porous plate in the presence of Soret effect and chemical reaction are investigated. The modeling equations are transformed into dimensionless equations and then solved analytically through the multiple regular perturbation law. Computations are performed graphically to analyze the behavior of fluid velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number on the vertical plate with the difference of emerging physical parameters. This study reflects that the incremental values of Casson fluid parameter and Schmidt number lead to reduction in velocity. However, fluid velocity rises due to enhancement of ion‐slip parameter but an opposite effect is observed in case of Hall parameter. In addition, the Sherwood number declines with enhancing dissimilar estimators of the chemical reaction, Schmidt number, as well as Soret number.
Syllabic Versus Morphemic Analyses: Teaching Multisyllabic Word Reading to Older Struggling Readers
Authors: Bhattacharya Alpana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe complexities of words in different subject areas increase as students transition from elementary school to middle school. Although most secondary school readers can read monosyllabic words, many other older readers have difficulty with reading multisyllabic words because of their poor phonological and morphological skills. Explicit word‐reading instruction, focused on syllabic and morphemic analyses of multisyllabic words, therefore should be considered for advancing older struggling readers’ word‐reading skills. Results from word‐reading interventions have shown that analyses of syllables and morphemes in multisyllabic words advance older struggling readers’ phonological and morphological skills. Proficiency in recognizing syllables and morphemes in multisyllabic words then promotes older struggling readers’ accurate reading of complex words. Therefore, reading instruction for struggling older readers should focus on using syllable and morpheme analyses for promoting their multisyllabic word reading.
In vitro biocompatibility of biohybrid polymers membrane evaluated in human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Guo Bin , Tang Chuhua , Wang Mingguo , Zhao Zhongqi , Shokoohi‐Tabrizi Hassan A. , Shi Bin , Andrukhov Oleh , Rausch‐Fan Xiaohui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe biohybrid polymer membrane (BHM) is a new biomaterial designed for the treatment of soft periodontal tissue defects. We aimed to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of the membrane in human gingival fibroblasts and the capability to induce cell adhesion, migration, differentiation and improving the production of the extracellular matrix. BHM and Mucograft® collagen matrix (MCM) membranes were punched into 6 mm diameter round discs and placed in 96‐well plates. Human primary gingival fibroblasts were seeded on the membranes or tissue culture plastic (TCP) serving as the control. Cell proliferation/viability and morphology were evaluated after 3, 7, and 14 days of culture by cell counting kit (CCK)‐8 assay and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Additionally, the gene expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), collagen type 1 (Col1), alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), and fibroblasts growth factor (FGF)‐2 was analyzed at 3, 7, and 14 days of culture by qPCR. Cell proliferation on BHM was significantly higher than on MCM and similar to TCP. Gene expression of TGF‐β1, FAK, Col1, and α‐SMA were significantly increased on BHM compared to TCP at most investigated time points. However, the gene expression of FGF‐2 was significantly decreased on BHM at Day 7 and recovered at Day 14 to the levels similar to TCP. The finding of this study showed that BHM is superior for gingival fibroblasts in terms of adhesion, proliferation, and gene expression, suggesting that this membrane may promote the healing of soft periodontal tissue.
Oxidative stress‐induced RAC autophagy can improve the HUVEC functions by releasing exosomes
Authors: Zhu Linxin , Zang Jiankun , Liu Bing , Yu Guocheng , Hao Lili , Liu Lian , Zhong Jingxiang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRetinal neovascularization (RNV) is a common pathological feature in many kinds of fundus oculi diseases. Sometimes RNV can even lead to severe vision loss. Oxidative injury is one of the main predisposing factors for RNV occurrence and development. The specific mechanism may be closely related to the special structural tissues of the retina. Retinal astrocytes (RACs) are mesenchymal cells located in the retinal neuroepithelial layer. RACs have an intimate anatomical relationship with microvascular endothelial cells. They have a variety of functions, but little is known about the mechanisms by which RACs regulate the function of endothelial cells. The molecules secreted by RACs, such as exosomes, have recently received a lot of attention and may provide potential clues to address the RAC‐mediated modulation of endothelial cells. In this study, we aimed to preliminarily explore the mechanisms of how RAC exosomes generated under oxidative stress are involved in the regulation of endothelial function. Our results showed that the apoptosis and autophagy levels in RACs were positively correlated with the oxidative stress level, and the exosomes generated from RACs under normal and oxidative stress conditions had different effects on the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. However, the effect of RACs on endothelial cell function could be markedly reversed by the autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine or the exosome inhibitor GW4869. Therefore, oxidative stress can lead to increased autophagy in RACs and can further promote RACs to regulate endothelial cell function by releasing exosomes.
Influence of body composition and muscle strength on outcomes after multimodal oesophageal cancer treatment
Authors: Hagens Eliza R.C. , Feenstra Minke L. , van Egmond Maarten A. , van Laarhoven Hanneke W.M. , Hulshof Maarten C.C.M. , Boshier Piers R. , Low Donald E. , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Gisbertz Suzanne S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundInfluence of sarcopenia in combination with other body composition parameters and muscle strength on outcomes after oesophageal surgery for oesophageal cancer remains unclear. The objectives were (i) to describe the incidence of sarcopenia in relation to adipose tissue quantity and distribution and muscle strength; (ii) to evaluate if neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRTx) influences body composition and muscle strength; and (iii) to evaluate the influence of body composition and muscle strength on post‐operative morbidity and long‐term survival.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients with oesophageal cancer who received nCRTx followed by surgery between January 2011 and 2016. Skeletal muscle, visceral, and subcutaneous adipose tissue cross‐sectional areas were calculated based on computed tomography scans, and muscle strength was measured using hand grip tests, 30 seconds chair stand tests, and maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure tests prior to nCRTx and after nCRTx.ResultsA total of 322 patients were included in this study. Sarcopenia was present in 55.6% of the patients prior to nCRTx and in 58.2% after nCRTx (P = 0.082). Patients with sarcopenia had a significantly lower muscle strength and higher fat percentage. The muscle strength and incidence of sarcopenia increased while the mean body mass index and fat percentage decreased during nCRTx. A body mass index above 25 kg/m2 was associated with anastomotic leakage (P = 0.032). Other body composition parameters were not associated with post‐operative morbidity. A lower handgrip strength prior to nCRTx was associated with pulmonary and cardiac complications (P = 0.023 and P = 0.009, respectively). In multivariable analysis, a lower number of stands during the 30 seconds chair stand test prior to nCRTx (hazard ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.87–0.99, P = 0.017) and visceral adipose tissue of >128 cm2 after nCRTx (hazard ratio 1.81, 95% confidence interval 1.30–2.53, P = 0.001) were associated with worse overall survival.ConclusionsSarcopenia occurs frequently in patients with oesophageal cancer and is associated with less muscle strength and a higher fat percentage. Body composition changes during nCRTx did not influence survival. Impaired muscle strength and a high amount of visceral adipose tissue are associated with worse survival. Therefore, patients with poor fitness might benefit from preoperative nutritional and muscle strengthening guidance, aiming to increase muscle strength and decrease visceral adipose tissue. However, this should be confirmed in a large prospective study.
Cellular responses in marine animals to hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Yancey Paul H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHydrostatic pressure (HP), increasing by 1 atm per 10 m in the ocean, perturbs many cellular processes, for example, by rigidifying membranes and disturbing protein folding and ligand binding. Membranes can be fluidized to work under high HP by increasing unsaturated fatty acids, for example, docosahexaenoic acid. Over generations, some deep‐sea proteins have evolved intrinsic resistance to HP, but often incompletely. These may be protected from HP with piezolytes, small organic molecules with pressure‐counteracting properties. The key example is the osmolyte trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO), which marine fishes and crustaceans accumulates linearly with depth. TMAO can effectively counteract many inhibitory effects of HP on numerous proteins. For short‐term HP stress, cellular stress (transient) and homeostasis (persistent) responses (CSRs, CHRs) remain poorly characterized, but across different taxa of shallow and terrestrial organisms, they include common CSR/CHR mechanisms known for other stressors—heat shock proteins (HSPs), boosted energy metabolism, antioxidants, cellular repair systems. For vertically migrating marine animals, HP stress responses are even more poorly characterized. Some species (e.g., Anguilla silver eel, king crab Lithodes maja, snubnosed eel Simenchelys parasiticus) cope with HP changes in their habitat range by intrinsic adaptations, lipid desaturase activation, and metabolic adjustments, but perhaps not common CSR mechanisms. Such species may have constitutive stress proteins and/or are able to adjust membrane saturation and/or TMAO rapidly with depth. For permanent deep‐sea species, CSR/CHR mechanisms have not been directly tested, but evidence in Mariana Trench amphipods and snailfish suggest that HSP and desaturase genes, and possibly piezolyte synthesis, have undergone habitat‐related selection.
Synthesis of new benzothiazole derivatives bearing thiadiazole as monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Authors: Acar Çevik Ulviye , Osmaniye Derya , Sağlik Begüm N. , Levent Serkan , K. Çavuşoğlu Betül , Karaduman Abdullah B. , D. Özkay Ümide , Özkay Yusuf , Kaplancikli Zafer A. , Turan Gülhan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMonoamine oxidases (MAO) are enzymes that catalyze the oxidative deamination of monoamines such as dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, and serotonin. Recent studies have shown that numerous benzothiazole derivatives exhibit hMAO inhibitory activity in the micromolar concentration range. In this study, a novel series of benzothiazole‐thiadiazole (5a‐5l) was synthesized and characterized their chemical structures by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and Mass spectroscopy. These compounds were evaluated as inhibitors for types A and B MAO enzymes. Compounds 5f and 5l were the most active derivatives in the series with an IC50 values of 0.107 ± 0.003 and 0.128 ± 0.004, respectively. Furthermore, cytotoxicity of compounds 5f and 5l were investigated and found as non‐cytotoxic.
Multiparametric MRI‐Based Radiomics Nomogram for Predicting Lymph Node Metastasis in Early‐Stage Cervical Cancer
Authors: Xiao Meiling , Ma Fenghua , Li Ying , Li Yongai , Li Mengdie , Zhang Guofu , Qiang Jinwei 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundLymph node metastasis (LNM) is a critical risk factor affecting treatment strategy and prognosis in patients with early‐stage cervical cancer.PurposeTo establish a multiparametric MRI (mpMRI)‐based radiomics nomogram for preoperatively predicting LNM status.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationAmong 233 consecutive patients, 155 patients were randomly allocated to the primary cohort and 78 patients to the validation cohort.Field StrengthRadiomic features were extracted from a 1.5T mpMRI scan (T1‐weighted imaging [T1WI], fat‐saturated T2‐weighted imaging [FS‐T2WI], contrast‐enhanced [CE], diffusion‐weighted imaging [DWI], and apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC] maps).AssessmentThe performance of the nomogram was assessed with respect to its calibration, discrimination, and clinical usefulness. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were also calculated.Statistical TestsThe least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method was used for dimension reduction, feature selection, and radiomics signature building. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop the radiomics nomogram. An independent sample t‐test and chi‐squared test were used to compare the differences in continuous and categorical variables, respectively.ResultsThe radiomic signature allowed a good discrimination between the LNM and non‐LNM groups, with a C‐index of 0.856 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.794–0.918) in the primary cohort and 0.883 (95% CI, 0.809–0.957) in the validation cohort. Additionally, the radiomics nomogram also had a good discriminating performance and yielded good calibration both in the primary and validation cohorts (C‐index, 0.882 [95% CI, 0.827–0.937], C‐index, 0.893 [95% CI, 0.822–0.964], respectively). Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the radiomics nomogram was clinically useful.Data ConclusionA radiomics nomogram was developed by incorporating the radiomics signature with the MRI‐reported LN status and FIGO stage. This nomogram might be used to facilitate the individualized prediction of LNM in patients with early‐stage cervical cancer.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:885–896.
Analysis of future changes in meteorological drought patterns in Fulda, Germany
Authors: Chamorro Alejandro , Ivanov Martin , Tölle Merja Helena , Luterbacher Jürg , Breuer Lutz 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMeteorological droughts have large impacts on society and the environment. A better understanding and quantification of their occurrences can be highly relevant for the development of proper climate change mitigation, adaptation and resilience strategies. Here we examine meteorological droughts from observed data covering the 1971–2000 period for the Fulda catchment in Germany by means of the Standardized Precipitation Index. The joint dependency of drought duration and severity is modelled by a copula function, which relates their univariate distributions in a functional relationship. Recurrence intervals are further calculated as a function of the joint relationship and univariate marginals. Future projections are investigated in which downscaled EURO‐CORDEX Regional Climate Model (RCM) projections for the period 2021–2050 are used together with the three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5, in order to analyse and compare future joint patterns of duration and severity of events. We find that drought duration and severity present a clear interdependency supporting the choice of a bivariate model. Results suggest substantial differences in the future joint relationship duration–severity. Depending on the RCM and RCP, drought patterns show different magnitude of changes in the future. The projected changes are different for the different returns periods. RCP8.5 shows more severe events and longer drought durations than RCP2.6 and RCP4.5. The uncertainties of the projected patterns also depend on the RCP and RCM and are larger for higher return periods.
Variation in bioactive phytochemicals and sensory attributes of osmosonic convective dried ginger from four African countries
Authors: Osae Richard , Alolga Raphael N , Essilfie Gloria , Osei‐Adjei George , Baduweh Cynthia A , Yarley Otu Phyllis Naa , Zhou Cunshan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe rhizome of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is one of the most patronized spices worldwide and plays an important role in folklore medicine. In this study, we aimed to determine the quality of ginger samples from representative West African (Ghana, Nigeria) and East African (Uganda, Kenya) countries. By that, we also implicitly sought to determine the probable influence of location of cultivation (and the intrinsic growth conditions) on the quality of the samples. The ginger samples were pretreated by osmosonication prior to relative humidity convective drying and analyzed for differences in their metabolomes, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activities, sensory characteristics and volatile compounds composition (via electronic‐nose determination).RESULTSThe outcome of our study showed marked source‐dependent differences in the metabolomes of the samples as captured by a metabolomics approach. Based on the findings of the metabolomics study, 6‐gingerol content was quantified and found to be higher in the samples of West African origin. Also, the samples from the two West African countries contained higher levels of bioactive phytochemicals as evinced by the results of TPC, TFC, e‐nose analysis, and antioxidant activities. They also gave better sensory attributes.CONCLUSIONIn summary, for all parameters assessed, and on a country‐by‐country basis, the general quality trend observed was: Ghana > Nigeria > Uganda > Kenya. All results taken together, our findings at least in part, point to the influence of geographical regions of cultivation on the quality of the ginger rhizomes. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of protein missense alterations by combining sequence‐ and structure‐based methods
Authors: Gyulkhandanyan Aram , Rezaie Alireza R. , Roumenina Lubka , Lagarde Nathalie , Fremeaux‐Bacchi Veronique , Miteva Maria A. , Villoutreix Bruno O. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundDifferent types of in silico approaches can be used to predict the phenotypic consequence of missense variants. Such algorithms are often categorized as sequence based or structure based, when they necessitate 3D structural information. In addition, many other in silico tools, not dedicated to the analysis of variants, can be used to gain additional insights about the possible mechanisms at play.MethodsHere we applied different computational approaches to a set of 20 known missense variants present on different proteins (CYP, complement factor B, antithrombin and blood coagulation factor VIII). The tools that were used include fast computational approaches and web servers such as PolyPhen‐2, PopMusic, DUET, MaestroWeb, SAAFEC, Missense3D, VarSite, FlexPred, PredyFlexy, Clustal Omega, meta‐PPISP, FTMap, ClusPro, pyDock, PPM, RING, Cytoscape, and ChannelsDB.ResultsWe observe some conflicting results among the methods but, most of the time, the combination of several engines helped to clarify the potential impacts of the amino acid substitutions.ConclusionCombining different computational approaches including some that were not developed to investigate missense variants help to predict the possible impact of the amino acid substitutions. Yet, when the modified residues are involved in a salt‐bridge, the tools tend to fail, even when the analysis is performed in 3D. Thus, interactive structural analysis with molecular graphics packages such as Chimera or PyMol or others are still needed to clarify automatic prediction.