bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do consumers need to smell? Scale development and validation
Authors: Dörtyol İbrahim Taylan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Need‐to‐Smell (NTS) scale aims to assess the differentiator role of olfactory information. The NTS construct definition is the degree to which an ambient scent is effective on consumers' shopping experiences. The scale items appearing as the result of the literature search and ZMET interviews were refined and finalized with the analysis of data gathered via online panels. Through this entire process, explorative and confirmative factor analysis and all the required validity analyses were performed. The nomological validity is proven by the positive relationships between the NTS scale and the Evoked Nostalgia Scale and the Impulse Buying Scale. The positive correlation with the Importance of Olfaction questionnaire is the evidence for the convergent validity. The discriminant validity is also realized as there is no relationship with the Need for Cognition scale. In the end, the NTS scale with two factors, namely, approach factor which is more related to the effects of pleasant scent on expectation, desire, attention, satisfaction, confidence, and avoidance factor which is more related the negative evaluations originated from unpleasant scent, is appeared. After conducting further studies to understand the nature of the NTS scale, the theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.Practical ApplicationsThe NTS scale will give opportunity to some industry‐specific marketers on their effort of creating different and memorable brands. At this juncture, determining the consumers who are higher in NTS and then inviting them to the brand design process may result higher acceptance and adoption rates relating to the scent of the product. In this way, marketers may readily and scientifically activate the link between scent and some specific parts of the brain. Eventually, these achievements on the design of consumers' experiences may lead significant competitive advantages.
Phytoplankton Blooms Below the Antarctic Landfast Ice During the Melt Season Between Late Spring and Early Summer
Authors: Saggiomo Maria , Escalera Laura , Saggiomo Vincenzo , Bolinesi Francesco , Mangoni Olga 
Published: December 2020

Antarctic regions are known to be mainly dominated by diatoms in the water column under sea ice. In this study, we report for the first time two distinct phytoplankton blooms dominated by nanoflagellates (<15 µm) under the landfast ice in Terra Nova Bay during the late spring‐early summer 2015/2016. The taxa included the pelagic Bolidophyceae Pentalamina corona, the Chrysophyceae Ochromonas spp. and the Chlorophyceae Chlamydomonas spp., typically found in fresh waters, and the Prymnesiophyceae Phaeocystis antarctica usually observed dominating in polynya areas. These species represented from 40% to 91% of the total phytoplankton community, a percentage contrasting with the prevalence of diatoms found previously. The dominance of nanoflagellates, rather than diatoms, during late spring and early summer may have important implications for trophic relationships in Antarctic waters and the presence of typical freshwater species could indicate a great input of continental waters related to environmental changes.
Left heart dimensions in anemic cats and dogs before and after blood transfusion
Authors: Donaldson Rebekah E. , Seo Joonbum , Fuentes Virginia Luis , Humm Karen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhether anemic cats and dogs with increased left heart dimensions are at higher risk of transfusion‐associated circulatory overload, and the effect of blood transfusion on left heart dimensions in naturally occurring anemia is unknown.Hypothesis/objectivesTo evaluate the effect of blood transfusion on left heart dimensions in clinically relevant anemia.AnimalsTwenty dogs and 20 cats presenting to a university veterinary teaching hospital.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, anemic dogs and cats requiring blood transfusion were included. Packed cell volume (PCV), total solids, and echocardiography were performed before and within 24 hours of blood transfusion. Signalment, bodyweight, disease process, transfusion duration and volume, and prior treatments were recorded. Nonparametric statistics were reported as median [range]. Post hoc Bonferroni correction set significance atP < .006.ResultsAfter transfusion, PCV increased in cats (12% [6–16] to 18% [10‐33],P= .001) and dogs (14% [7–24] to 25% [9‐37],P= .001), heart rate decreased in dogs (104 bpm [86‐166] to 87 bpm [56‐138],P < .001), and fractional shortening decreased in cats (57.1% [36.0‐84.7] to 41.0% [28.1‐69.6],P= .002) and dogs (33.79% [19.33‐62.79] to 31.89% [19.06‐51.47],P= .006). Left ventricular internal diameter in systole increased in cats (6.5 mm [2.7‐9.8] to 7.9 mm [5.3‐11.1],P= .001). Normalized left ventricular internal diameter in diastole (1.48 [1.25‐1.79] to 1.57 [1.33‐2.00],P= .001) and systole (0.87 [0.58‐1.19] to 1.00 [0.74‐1.36],P= .001) increased in dogs. Incidence of volume overload did not differ before (14/20 cats, 70%; 9/20 dogs, 45%) or after (12/20 cats, 60%; 11/20 dogs, 55%) transfusion (P= .64).Conclusions and clinical importanceBlood transfusion is well tolerated when signs of volume overload are present before transfusion.
Training healthcare workers increases IFA use and adherence: Evidence and cost‐effectiveness analysis from Bangladesh
Authors: Kurzawa Zuzanna , Cotton Christopher S. , Mazurkewich Natasha , Verney Allison , Busch‐Hallen Jennifer , Kashi Bahman 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation programmes are important for preventing and controlling anaemia among pregnant women in low‐ and middle‐income countries. However, frontline health care workers often have limited capacity and knowledge, which can compromise such programmes' effectiveness. Between 2012 and 2014, Nutrition International and the Government of Bangladesh implemented a programme intended to increase IFA supplement consumption during pregnancy. The programme provided frontline health care workers with training on the benefits of IFA supplementation, the use of interpersonal communication and health promotion materials during antenatal care visits and health management information systems to track reported adherence to IFA supplementation. Using a quasi‐experimental design, this study investigates the programme's effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness at increasing IFA supplement consumption and adherence among pregnant women. The difference‐in‐differences regression analysis comparing outcomes in an intervention and comparison group concluded that the programme increased IFA consumption by an average of 45.05 supplements (P value = 0.018) and increased the share of women that reported adherence to a regime of at least 90 supplements by 40.35 percentage points (P value = 0.020). Knowledge of IFA supplement dosage and benefits also increased among frontline health care workers and pregnant women. The programme cost $47.11 USD (2018) per disability‐adjusted life year averted, which is considered highly cost‐effective when evaluated against several cost‐effectiveness thresholds. This study suggests that the capacity building of frontline health care workers is an effective and cost‐effective method of preventing and controlling anaemia among pregnant women in resource‐constrained areas.
The structure and mechanism of the bacterial type II secretion system
Authors: Naskar Souvik , Hohl Michael , Tassinari Matteo , Low Harry H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe type II secretion system (T2SS) is a multi‐protein complex used by many bacteria to move substrates across their cell membrane. Substrates released into the environment serve as local and long‐range effectors that promote nutrient acquisition, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity. In both animals and plants, the T2SS is increasingly recognized as a key driver of virulence. The T2SS spans the bacterial cell envelope and extrudes substrates through an outer membrane secretin channel using a pseudopilus. An inner membrane assembly platform and a cytoplasmic motor controls pseudopilus assembly. This microreview focuses on the structure and mechanism of the T2SS. Advances in cryo‐electron microscopy are enabling increasingly elaborate sub‐complexes to be resolved. However, key questions remain regarding the mechanism of pseudopilus extension and retraction, and how this is coupled with the choreography of the substrate moving through the secretion system. The T2SS is part of an ancient type IV filament superfamily that may have been present within the last universal common ancestor (LUCA). Overall, mechanistic principles that underlie T2SS function have implication for other closely related systems such as the type IV and tight adherence pilus systems.
A systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies exploring GPs' and nurses' perspectives on discussing weight with patients with overweight and obesity in primary care
Authors: Warr William , Aveyard Paul , Albury Charlotte , Nicholson Brian , Tudor Kate , Hobbs Richard , Roberts Nia , Ziebland Sue 
Published: December 2020

SummaryGuidelines and evidence suggest primary care clinicians should give opportunistic interventions to motivate weight loss, but these rarely occur in practice. We sought to examine why by systematically reviewing qualitative research examining general practitioners' (‘GPs’) and nurses' views of discussing weight with patients. We systematically searched English language publications (1945‐2018) to identify qualitative interview and focus group studies. Thematic methods were used to synthesise the findings from these papers. We synthesised the studies by identifying second‐order themes (explanations offered by the original researchers) and third‐order constructs (new explanations which went beyond those in the original publications). Quality assessment using the Joanna Briggs checklist was undertaken. We identified 29 studies (>601 GPs, nurses and GP trainees) reporting views on discussing weight with patients. Key second‐order themes were lack of confidence in treatments and patients' ability to make changes, stigma, interactional difficulty of discussing the topic and a belief of a wider societal responsibility needed to deal with patients with overweight and obesity. The third‐order analytical theme was that discussions about weight were not a priority, and other behavioural interventions, including those relating to smoking, often took precedent. GPs and nurses reported that noting body mass index measurements at every consultation alongside a framework to deliver interventions would likely increase the frequency and perceived efficacy of behavioural weight interventions. GPs and nurses acknowledge the importance of obesity as a health issue, but this is insufficient, particularly amongst GPs, for them to construe this as a medical problem to address with patients in consultations. Strategies to implement clinical guidelines need to make tackling obesity a clinical priority. Training to overcome interactional difficulties, regular weighing of patients and changing expectations and understanding of weight loss interventions are also probably required.
Snake‐Eye Screwing: A Novel Free‐Hand Technique of Pedicle Screw Placement in Cervicothoracic Spine and Preliminary Clinical Results
Authors: Zhu Jian , Sun Kai‐qiang , Lu Lan‐tao , Sun Jing‐chuan , Guo Yong‐fei , Wang Yuan , Kong Qing‐jie , Xu Xi‐ming , Shi Jian‐gang 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo propose a novel technique of free‐hand pedicle screw placement in cervicothoracic spine (snake‐eye method) and evaluate the preliminary effects and safety in clinical practice.MethodsThis is a retrospective study and we defined the period of this study as from December 2017 to April 2019 in our institution. Forty patients were included in this study who underwent cervicothoracic internal fixation in our hospital, and all patients undergoing implantation of 200 pedicle screws were divided into two groups. Twenty‐two patients (108 screws) had screw placement using traditional method, while 18 patients (92 screws) had screw placement using snake‐eye method. To reduce the possible selection bias, the patients we recruited in this study was originally performed on by one radiological doctor who was blind to the objective of this study. Patient demographics, including patient age, sex, obesity, smoking, and hypertension, were evaluated to figure out baseline differences between groups. Medical information was recorded including time, accuracy, and immediate (within 30 days after surgery) postoperative complications of pedicle screw placement (including pulmonary embolism or other thromboembolic events, surgical site infection, neurovascular injury, and mortality).ResultsThere were 24 males and 16 females, with an average age of 52.2 years (range, 24–77). Finally, a total of 200 screws were successfully inserted in these patients, including fifteen patients with four pedicle screws, four patients with six screws, three patients with eight screws in traditional method group, and 12 patients with four pedicle screws, two patients with six screws, four patients with eight screws in snake‐eye method group. Patient demographic and comparison of two surgery methods are shown in Tables 1 and 2. The data baselines of the two groups were comparable because no impact of the two groups on population characteristics was demonstrated in the presented experiment. Also, we noticed that time and accuracy of the two groups were different with statistical significance at the level of P = 0.05. We observed that immediate (within 30 days after surgery) postoperative complications, including pulmonary embolism (PE), surgical site infection (SSI), neurovascular injury (NI), and mortality, in the two groups did not differ.ConclusionThis study highlights a safe and effective technique for pedicle screw placement in cervicothoracic spine named snake‐eye method, and this technique may be particularly useful in emergency conditions with limited resources.
Patient Reported Clinical Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Sacroiliac Joint Arthrodesis
Authors: L Schmidt Gary , Bologna Matthew , Schorr Rebecca 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo report patient‐reported outcomes of minimally invasive sacroiliac (SI) joint fusion as a case series.MethodsThis study was a retrospective cohort study of patients 18 years of age and older who underwent a minimally invasive SI joint fusion by a single surgeon between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2015. Routine demographic data, characteristics, and relevant surgical and clinical data were all collected for this group. In addition, patients completed preoperative and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) and Short Form 36 (SF‐36) questionnaires to assess outcomes. Patient selection for SI fusion was based on short‐term resolution of symptoms (80% or greater relief) with an image‐guided intra‐articular injection of local anesthetic. Routine statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, Fisher's exact test, or χ2 analysis as appropriate.ResultsThis study included 19 patients comprising 24 SI fusions, with a mean follow‐up of 58 months. The average patient age was 50 years and the average surgical blood loss was 25 cc. Men comprised 79% of the cohort. The VAS score improved from 7 to 3 (P = 0.0001). SF‐36 physical function, role limitations due to physical health, and role limitations due to emotional health improved to a statistically significant extent. General health was not significantly changed. Every patient showed improvement in their SF‐36 physical function scores (mean 40 preoperatively to 55 at final follow up) and 18 of 19 showed improvement in the VAS score (mean 7 preoperatively to 3 at final follow‐up).ConclusionIn appropriately selected patients, minimally invasive SI joint fusion results in decreased pain and improved physical functioning of patients, which is sustained for more than 4 years post‐procedure.
MRI in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices: A comprehensive review
Authors: Deshpande Saurabh , Kella Danesh , Padmanabhan Deepak 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a commonly used non‐ionizing radiation dependent imaging modality which has an excellent spatial resolution with the capability to provide physiological information. Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are used in modern cardiology with a frequency of 1:50 over 75 years of age and nearly one in three people in this population required MRI during their lifetime. Changes in the CIED structure, electronics, and algorithms paired with changes in the protocol design of MRI have created a relatively safe environment for performing MRI in patients with CIED. Despite their documentation in literature and a guideline document from a professional society, significant skepticism exists in doing MRI in patients with CIEDs.We intend to give an overview of interactions between MRI and CIEDs, including the evidence available in this regard and conclude with the suggestion of a protocol for safely carrying out an MRI in patients with CIEDs.
When All That Is Solid Does Not Melt into Air: Labor, Politics and Materiality in a Bosnian Detergent Factory
Authors: Kurtović Larisa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCan futures be assembled out of ruins? This article engages this question through an ethnographic account of a workers’ struggle in northeastern Bosnia‐Herzegovina to restart production in a bankrupted factory almost destroyed by privatization. From 2011 through 2015, workers of Dita organized to challenge liquidation of the factory assets. Their struggle resulted in an unprecedented victory when production was restarted in 2015 and the factory reprivatized in 2017. Workers had to carry out their struggle amidst two opposing pulls: the need to draw attention to the processes of destruction that formed part of postwar privatization, and to simultaneously argue for the factory's continued value and viability. The analysis explores the openings and risks created by the ongoing anthropological debates on the centrality of matter—and especially ruins—to social life at large. It argues that where we locate potential and how we name embattled matter is not merely a theoretical but also a political question.
The Effects of Politics on the Implementation of Government Programs/Projects: Insights from a Developing Economy
Authors: Akwei Cynthia , Damoah Isaac S. , Amankwah‐Amoah Joseph 
Published: December 2020

Over the years, Ghanaian governments have invested huge sums of money in programs and projects for socioeconomic development to improve their citizens' well‐being. However, the implementation of most of these programs and projects have failed and been abandoned. There is a lack of research addressing this issue and the specific causal mechanism through which politics and culture shapes these failed implementations and program abandonments. Partisan politics—which demonstrates strong favoritism toward one's preferred political party, adherence to party policies, and reluctance to compromise with political opponents—provides an appropriate framework to clarify the role of politics in programs and projects ineffective implementation and abandonment debates. Drawing on political theory and the partisan politics literature, this study explores the role partisan politics plays in the implementation failure and abandonment of government programs and projects in Ghana. Our analysis reveals three causal factors: political culture, political corruption, and poor planning and implementation, which are shaped by partisan politics in the Ghanaian context. This impacts negatively on the unity and socioeconomic development of the country.Related ArticlesDebrah, Emmanuel. 2016. “Decentralization, District Chief Executives, and District Assemblies in Ghana's Fourth Republic.” Politics & Policy 44 (1): 135‐164. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12146Kim, Eun Kyung. 2019. “Issue Ownership and Strategic Policy Choice in Multiparty Africa.” Politics & Policy 47 (5): 956‐983. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12327Mohammed, Abdulai Kuyini. 2013. “Civic Engagement in Public Policy Making: Fad or Reality in Ghana?” Politics & Policy 41 (1): 117‐152. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12003
Autoregressive model for genetic evaluation of longitudinal reproductive traits in Brazilian Holstein cattle
Authors: Silva Hugo Teixeira , Lopes Paulo Sávio , Carvalheira Júlio , Silva Delvan Alves , Silva Alessandra Alves , Silva Fabyano Fonseca , Veroneze Renata , Thompson Gertrude , Costa Cláudio Napolis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReproductive efficiency is major determinant of the dairy herd profitability. Thus, reproductive traits have been widely used as selection objectives in the current dairy cattle breeding programs. We aimed to evaluate strategies to model days open (DO), calving interval (CI) and daughter pregnancy rate (DPR) in Brazilian Holstein cattle. These reproductive traits were analysed by the autoregressive (AR) model and compared with classical repeatability (REP) model using 127,280, 173,092 and 127,280 phenotypic records, respectively. The first three calving orders of cows from 1,469 Holstein herds were used here. The AR model reported lower values for Akaike Information Criteria and Mean Square Errors, as well as larger model probabilities, for all evaluated traits. Similarly, larger additive genetic and lower residual variances were estimated from AR model. Heritability and repeatability estimates were similar for both models. Heritabilities for DO, CI and DPR were 0.04, 0.07 and 0.04; and 0.05, 0.06 and 0.04 for AR and REP models, respectively. Individual EBV reliabilities estimated from AR for DO, CI and DPR were, in average, 0.29, 0.30 and 0.29 units higher than those obtained from REP model. Rank correlation between EBVs obtained from AR and REP models considering the top 10 bulls ranged from 0.72 to 0.76; and increased from 0.98 to 0.99 for the top 100 bulls. The percentage of coincidence between selected bulls from both methods increased over the number of bulls included in the top groups. Overall, the results of model‐fitting criteria, genetic parameters estimates and EBV predictions were favourable to the AR model, indicating that it may be applied for genetic evaluation of longitudinal reproductive traits in Brazilian Holstein cattle.
Senate Representation on Twitter: National Policy Reputations for Constituent Communication
Authors: Russell Annelise 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveAmerican politics has become more nationalized, and this trend is buoyed by senators’ social media patterns that incentivize connections with an expansive digital constituency. This article examines how U.S. senators reflect and perpetuate this trend of national policy priorities with their constituent communication on Twitter.MethodsI investigate how senators reflect and perpetuate this era of national policy priorities by using a two‐year data set of tweets to show how senators are using Twitter to articulate a robust policy agenda.ResultsSenators’ policy‐driven messaging is the dominant style of reputation building on Twitter. Senators are adopting digital styles of representation that prioritize policy, positioning themselves as legislative experts to emphasize salient policies rather than local concerns.ConclusionSenators are communicating a policy‐first style of representation that meets the expectations of cultivated policy coalitions, and Twitter offers a birds‐eye view of one source for the public's nationalized attention.