bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Застосування тактики “damage control” у хірургічному лікуванні поcтраждалих із тяжкою абдомінальною травмою
Authors: Polyovy V. P. , Railyanu S. I. , Polyanitsa A. S. , Chepega I. G. 
Published: November 2020

Мета роботи: обґрунтувати доцільність застосування тактики “damage control” у хірургічному лікуванні постраждалих із тяжкою поєднаною абдомінальною травмою.
Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовано результати лікування 28 постраждалих із тяжкими поєднаними травмами органів черевної порожн ини. Середній вік пацієнтів склав 39 років (18–66 років), середня оцінка ступеня тяжкості ушкодження за шкалою ISS становила 23 бали. З 28-ми постраждалих 19 пацієнтів зазнали травми печінки, в тому числі 6 – з поєднаними ушкодженнями, 13 – з ізольованими; 9 – з тяжкими поєднаними ушкодженням порожнистих органів та брижових структур. Усі хворі госпіталізовані у стані шоку. З ІV ступенем тяжкості за шкалою ISS було 22 особи, з V ступенем – 8. Середній показник крововтрати становив у середньому 1200 мл (від 1000 до 2700 мл). Враховуючи тяжкий стан постраждалих, який погіршувався під час проведення операційного втручання, відносно них застосовувалась багатоетапна хірургічна тактика “damage control”.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Виконання повноцінного хірургічного лікування у 28-ми пацієнтів основної групи при тяжкій абдомінальній травмі і завчасно запланованої “покрокової” тактики з урахуванням ступеня тяжкості стану постраждалого, об’єму і тяжкості ушкодження органів черевної порожнини з наявністю стійкої коагулопатії, гіпотермії, ацидозу дозволило нам отримати позитивні результати застосування удосконаленої тактики “damage control”. Якщо в контрольній групі летальність серед пацієнтів, яким виконані первинні операції в повному об’ємі, склала 48 %, то в основній групі 27 %, що є важливим аргументом на користь подальшого застосування запропонованої тактики в практику хірургічних стаціонарів.
STAPHYLOCOCCUS WARNERI CLINICAL ISOLATE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ANTIBIOTICS AND ITS MODIFICATION BY EMOXYPINE
Authors: Bobrova N. A. , Vazhnichaya E. M. , Loban G. A. , Faustova M. O. , Ananieva M. M. 
Published: November 2020

Background. S. warneri is a common commensal organism, but it can cause serious infections. One of the ways to increase a susceptibility of this microorganism to antibiotics is their combining with adjuvant remedies.
Objectives. The aim of the research is to study the susceptibility of S. warneri clinical isolate to antibiotics and its modification by emoxypine - 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine hydrochloride.
Methods. Samples of purulent wound exudation were obtained from a patient with infective complications after a bone fracture and osteosynthesis by metal plates. Susceptibility of S. warneri clinical isolate to antibiotics and their combinations with emoxypine (1000 μg/disk) was studied by a standard disc diffusion technique. In the case of microbial resistance, the susceptibility of the investigated isolate to such antibiotic was determined by a serial broth dilutions method without or with emoxypine and evaluated according to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).
Results. By the disk diffusion method, S. warneri isolate was susceptible to all tested antibiotics, except chloramphenicol. The growth inhibition zones also were formed around disks containing emoxypine, but the susceptibility of S. warneri to this agent was low. Applying of emoxypine on the disks with antibiotics resulted in the increase of S. warneri growth inhibition in all cases, except using the amikacin, gentamicin, and fusidic acid. The most significant changes were evidenced for a composition chloramphenicol / emoxypine. Using chloramphenicol alone in the liquid medium, the MIC was over a cut-off point. Adding of emoxypine (209 μg/ml) decreased the MIC of the antibiotic and restored the susceptibility S. warneri to chloramphenicol.
Conclusions. The susceptibility of S. warneri clinical isolate to antibiotics can be increased by combining with emoxypine, which among other overcomes the resistance of the studied microorganism to chloramphenicol.
INFLAMMATION AND IMPACT OF VINCRISTINE AND ENTEROSORPTION USE IN CHEMICALLY INDUCED COLON CARCER IN RATS
Authors: Kachur O. I. , Fira L. S. , Lykhatskyi P. H. 
Published: November 2020

Background. The increasing incidence of colon malignant tumors is one of the most urgent matters of contemporary medicine. In the study of carcinogenesis of the colon the attention is paid to the state of the body’s immune system and activation of inflammatory processes in experimental animals.
Objective. The aim of the study was to estimate the level of markers of inflammation in the serum of experimental animals with chemically induced carcinogenesis and their dynamics in case of administration of the cytostatic Vincristine secondary to AUT-M carbon enterosorbent.
Methods. The study was performed on white male rats. Animals were modeled for colon cancer by administration of 1.2-dimethylhydrazine hydrochloride at a dose of 7.2 mg/kg body weight for 30 weeks. AUT-M enterosorbent was administered intragastrically daily during 7 and 21 days after modeling of carcinogenesis at a dose of 1 ml of suspension (corresponding to 0.2 g of drug weight) per 100 g of animal body weight. The antitumor drug was administered to the animals with induced carcinogenesis intragastrically daily during 14 days at a dose of 0.23 mg/kg of body weight after a 21-day detoxification therapy. The activity of inflammatory processes was evaluated by the content of pro-inflammatory interleukin 6 and anti-inflammatory interleukin 4, C-reactive protein in the serum of experimental animals.
Results. It was established that introduction of 1.2-dimethylhydrazine hydrochloride in the rats caused changes in the cytokine profile and the content of C-reactive protein. In the affected animals an increase in the content of pro-inflammatory interleukin 6, C-reactive protein, as well as a decrease in the content of anti-inflammatory interleukin 4 was evidenced in all periods of the study. AUT-M enterosorbent contributed to normalization of these parameters. The cytostatic Vincristine had a negligible effect on development of inflammatory processes in the studied animals.
Conclusions. In cases of induced carcinogenesis, an imbalance in the content of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, an increase in the content of acute-phase C-reactive protein was established. The positive effect of the cytostatic Vincristine secondary to a previous detoxification therapy with AUТ-M sorbent during a progressive development of inflammatory processes in the presence of modeled carcinogenesis was evidenced.
ДИСТАНЦІЙНЕ НАВЧАННЯ ЯК ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-КОМУНІКАТИВНА ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ ДОДИПЛОМНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ЛІКАРІВ З ПЕДІАТРІЇ В УМОВАХ СУЧАСНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ
Authors: Volosovets O. P. , Vyhovska O. V. , Kryvopustov S. P. , Kuzmenko A. Ya. , Loginova I. O. , Cherny O. F. , Mozyrska O. V. , Khomenko V. E. , Kovalchuk O. L. , Dzyuba O. L. , Gryshchenko N. V. , Ostropolets M. S. , Skvarskaya O. O. , Saltanova S. D. , Kovtun O. V. 
Published: November 2020

Для реалізації та адекватного віртуального забезпечення дистанційної освіти у Національному медичному університеті імені О. О. Богомольця використовується дистанційна освітня платформа NMU Neuron, що в нинішній ситуації може стати дієвою складовою освітнього процесу, маючи при цьому низку переваг. Воно не лише забезпечує навчання студента у найбільш зручному місці та часі, доступ до електронних баз знань, але й суттєво підвищує його активну роль у самому процесі самостійного навчання, зокрема й під час вимушеного внаслідок карантину, а від викладача вимагає вдосконалення викладання як за змістом, так і за його формою.
Основними видами занять за дистанційною формою навчання є традиційні форми освітньої підготовки: лекція, практичні заняття, семінар, лабораторні заняття, консультації та інші, що відповідають чинному законодавству.
У цілому, технології дистанційного навчання як комплекс сучасних освітніх технологій у системі вищої медичної освіти має постійно вдосконалюватися, зокрема шляхом використання сучасних освітніх платформ, якісного методичного наповнення веб-ресурсів, запровадження системи контролю якості дистанційного навчання, аби відповідати викликам часу.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ АКТИВНИХ ФОРМ НАВЧАННЯ ТА СУЧАСНИХ ІНФОРМАТИВНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ЯК ЗАСОБУ ІНТЕНСИФІКАЦІЇ НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ
Authors: Mudryk U. M. , Boyarchuk O. R. , Volyanska L. A. , Burbelа E. I. 
Published: November 2020

У статті подано інформацію щодо особливостей використання активних форм навчання (рольові ігри, кейс-метод) та сучасних інформативних технологій у викладанні циклу «Дитячі інфекційні хвороби» на кафедрі дитячих хвороб з дитячою хірургією Тернопільського національного медичного університету імені І. Я. Горбачевського МОЗ України. Відображено багаторічній досвід навчально-методичної роботи професорсько-викладацького складу кафедри з використанням принципів особистісно-орієнтованого навчання, специфіку викладання дисципліни в умовах реформування системи охорони здоров’я.
Використання активних форм навчання та сучасних комп’ютерних технологій сприяють інтенсифікації навчального процесу, дозволяють максимально наблизити умови навчання студентів до клінічних, повною мірою дати розкритися індивідуальним пізнавальним здібностям кожного. Оптимiзацiя викладання інфекційних захворювань та основ імунопрофілактики в дітей студентам-медикам є основою для покращення результатів лікування хворих та проведення профілактичних заходiв щодо запобігання інфекційним захворюванням.
Diversity of scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) in Polonnaruwa Archaeological Reserve, Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijesooriya Kumudu B. , Weerasekara Lakshani S. , Ranawana Kithsiri B. 
Published: November 2020

Sri Lanka harbours 20 scorpion species belonging to four families, of which 15 are endemic. The distribution and ecology of scorpion fauna in Sri Lanka is poorly known. In this study, we surveyed the diversity of scorpions in the Polonnaruwa Archaeological Reserve in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. Microhabitats were thoroughly observed using the direct visual encounter method and UV lights from July to November 2018 for about seven hours (19.00–02.00 h) by two to three observers. Species, abundance, age/sex, and microhabitat features were recorded. Diversity indices, including α-diversity and β-diversity, were calculated. Heterometrus swammerdami was the most abundant species recorded, while Isometrus thwaitesi was the rarest. Reddyanus loebli and R. besucheti were common in both open and forest habitat types. Charmus laneus was recorded for the first time in Polonnaruwa. The highest Shannon Index and Margalef Diversity Index values were recorded in open habitats, but species evenness was low compared to forest habitats. Sørensen index values showed a 58% species similarity between two habitats. The results presented here contribute to the knowledge of the diversity of scorpions in these historically significant sites. This can serve as a basis for future research on the impact of habitat modification and fragmentation on populations, distribution and ecology of scorpions.
Management of Atrial Fibrillation in Older Patients by Morbidity Burden: Insights From Get With The Guidelines‐Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Dalgaard Frederik , Xu Haolin , Matsouaka Roland A. , Russo Andrea M. , Curtis Anne B. , Rasmussen Peter Vibe , Ruwald Martin H. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Lowenstern Angela , Hansen Morten L. , Pallisgaard Jannik L. , Alexander Karen P. , Alexander John H. , Lopes Renato D. , Granger Christopher B. , Lewis William R. , Piccini Jonathan P. , Al‐Khatib Sana M. 
Published: November 2020

Background
Knowledge is scarce regarding how multimorbidity is associated with therapeutic decisions regarding oral anticoagulants (OACs) in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Methods and Results

We conducted a cross‐sectional study of hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation using the Get With The Guidelines‐Atrial Fibrillation registry from 2013 to 2019. We identified patients ≥65 years and eligible for OAC therapy. Using 16 available comorbidity categories, patients were stratified by morbidity burden. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the odds of receiving OAC prescription at discharge by morbidity burden. We included 34 174 patients with a median (interquartile range) age of 76 (71–83) years, 56.6% women, and 41.9% were not anticoagulated at admission. Of these patients, 38.6% had 0 to 2 comorbidities, 50.7% had 3 to 5 comorbidities, and 10.7% had ≥6 comorbidities. The overall discharge OAC prescription was high (85.6%). The prevalence of patients with multimorbidity increased from 59.7% in 2014 to 64.3% in 2019 (
P
trend=0.002). Using 0 to 2 comorbidities as the reference, the adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of OAC prescription were 0.93 (0.82, 1.05) for patients with 3 to 5 comorbidities and 0.72 (0.60, 0.86) for patients with ≥6 comorbidities. In those with ≥6 comorbidities, the most common reason for nonprescription of OACs were frequent falls/frailty (31.0%).

Conclusions
In a contemporary quality‐of‐care database of hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation eligible for OAC therapy, multimorbidity was common. A higher morbidity burden was associated with a lower odds of OAC prescription. This highlights the need for interventions to improve adherence to guideline‐recommended anticoagulation in multimorbid patients with atrial fibrillation.
Consider the (Feral) Cat: Ferality, Biopower, and the Ethics of Predation
Authors: Holm Nicholas 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cats confound clear distinctions: not least that between the human and natural worlds. As a consequence, they are prime examples of “ferality”: a category of nonhuman subjects who are neither domestic, nor wild, but instead move between those realms. It is argued that that potential for movement informs particular social anxieties and debates that emerge regarding cat hunting behaviors. Drawing on the biopolitical work of Michel Foucault, in conjunction with the ethical paradox of the “predator problem,” it is argued that the ethical indictment of cat predation is best understood as a consequence of cats’ abilities to move across the different regulatory and ethical spaces of the home and the wild. Ferality thus functions as a means by which human ethics are brought to bear on nonhuman nature, and predation is thereby framed as an unnecessary, “unnatural,” and even evil act.
The Importance of Religion for the Evaluation of Everyday Ecological Decisions by German Adolescents
Authors: Altmeyer Stefan , Dreesmann Daniel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Although previous research has addressed the relationship between religion and ecology in a variety of ways, little is known concerning how religious orientation affects concrete everyday ecological decisions, although these are centrally important for environmental education. Being interested in elucidating the preconditions of ecological learning in Biology and Religious Education in schools, the authors have developed an approach based on maximum concretion with regard to the ecological decision in which the influence of religion should be evaluated. With this goal in mind, they conducted an empirical study among secondary school students in central Western Germany (N = 815), who were confronted with an everyday ecological dilemma and asked about their reasons for evaluating this situation. The results provide insight into the potential role of German young people’s religious orientations in ecological matters and call for a decisive profiling of how cross-disciplinary education can contribute to this key question for future.
Thermoregulation in a saxicolous population of the lizard Urosaurus ornatus from the northern Chihuahuan Desert, Mexico
Authors: Gadsden Hector , Lara-Reséndiz Rafael A. , Minjarrez-Flores Nallely F. , Gatica-Colima Ana , Smith Geoffrey R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Environmental temperatures often regulate the activity and physiological processes of ectotherms. Because environmental temperatures can vary significantly among seasons, lizards exposed to different thermal conditions in different months could differ in how they thermoregulate or behave. Here, we present a combination of field, laboratory, and modeling approaches to examine thermoregulation, habitat thermal quality, and hours of thermal restriction on activity in a saxicolous population of Urosaurus ornatus in two thermally contrasting months (June and October) in a micro-insular mountain system in the northern Chihuahuan Desert in Mexico. Both active and preferred body temperatures did not vary between months. In this population, U. ornatus is an active thermoregulator with highly accurate and efficient thermoregulation despite the thermal quality in both months. However, during the breeding season (June) activity is restricted (i.e., high number of hours of restriction) compared to the non-breeding season (October). Therefore, our results suggest that this saxicolous population of U. ornatus could be threatened by global climate change and it is essential to determine a conservation strategy for this population.
The Imaginary Species
Authors: McWhinney† Will , Brice William David , Katzenstein James , Webber James B. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article is a work of theory that establishes a fundamental mental basis for the diversity of worldviews that underlie every seemingly unsolvable conflict between nations, political parties, organizations, and individuals. The four-part typology postulated here is found, with different labels, throughout the history of human philosophy and underscores four basic worldviews people use to view their understanding of, and relationship with, the world. These four types fundamentally underlie cultural values and beliefs. Understanding this fundamental fact about human mentality will illuminate why persistent conflicts around the world are seemingly unsolvable and why populations can become so deeply polarized that political repression or civil war can come to seem to be a rationally conceivable way to rectify the situation.
The Participation of Non-Governmental Organisations and National Human Rights Institutions in the Execution of Judgments of the Strasbourg Court
Authors: Erken Elif 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Although relatively unknown, a formal role has been devised for non-governmental organisations and National Human Rights Institutions in the execution process of the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights. By virtue of Rule 9 of the Rules of the Committee of Ministers, ngos and nhris are empowered to be involved in this process by submitting written Communications for consideration by the Committee of Ministers. This exploratory research identifies the role ngos and nhris play through Rule 9, and demonstrates the added value of involving these actors in this respect. As such, this article provides a first inventory and exploration of these Rule 9 Communications, detailing the extent to which Rule 9 is made use of, by whom, in what way and, finally, whether these Communications (visibly) play a role in the supervision process. Combined, this reveals that ngos and nhris use Rule 9 to review, assess and report on the performance of domestic authorities with regard to the execution of judgments of the ECtHR. In doing so, they appear to act as an amicus in the execution process, by providing valuable observations at the echr level and, as such, it is argued that their participation is a welcome one.
Role of comorbidities in heart failure prognosis Part 2: Chronic kidney disease, elevated serum uric acid
Authors: Tedeschi Andrea , Agostoni Piergiuseppe , Pezzuto Beatrice , Corra’ Ugo , Scrutinio Domenico , La Gioia Rocco , Raimondo Rosa , Passantino Andrea , Piepoli Massimo F 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Despite improvements in pharmacotherapy, morbidity and mortality rates in community-based populations with chronic heart failure still remain high. The increase in medical complexity among patients with heart failure may be reflected by an increase in concomitant non-cardiovascular comorbidities, which are recognized as independent prognostic factors in this population. Heart failure and chronic kidney disease share many risk factors, and often coexist. The presence of kidney failure is associated with incremented risk of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality in heart failure patients. Chronic kidney disease is also linked with underutilization of evidence-based heart failure therapy that may reduce morbidity and mortality. More targeted therapies would be important to improve the prognosis of patients with these diseases. In recent years, serum uric acid as a determinant of cardiovascular risk has gained interest. Epidemiological, experimental and clinical data show that patients with hyperuricaemia are at increased risk of cardiac, renal and vascular damage and cardiovascular events. Moreover, elevated serum uric acid predicts worse outcome in both acute and chronic heart failure. While studies have raised the possibility of preventing heart failure through the use of uric acid lowering agents, the literature is still inconclusive on whether the reduction in uric acid will result in a measurable clinical benefit. Available evidences suggest that chronic kidney disease and elevated uric acid could worsen heart failure patients’ prognosis. The aim of this review is to analyse a possible utilization of these comorbidities in risk stratification and as a therapeutic target to get a prognostic improvement in heart failure patients.
Role of comorbidities in heart failure prognosis Part I: Anaemia, iron deficiency, diabetes, atrial fibrillation
Authors: Paolillo Stefania , Scardovi Angela B , Campodonico Jeness 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCardiovascular and non-cardiovascular comorbidities are frequently observed in heart failure patients, complicating the therapeutic management and leading to poor prognosis. The prompt recognition of associated comorbid conditions is of great importance to optimize the clinical management, the follow-up, and the treatment of patients affected by chronic heart failure. Anaemia and iron deficiency are commonly reported in all heart failure forms, have a multifactorial aetiology and are responsible for reduced exercise tolerance, impaired quality of life, and poor long-term prognosis. Diabetes mellitus is highly prevalent in heart failure and a poor glycaemic control is associated with worst outcome. Two specific heart failure forms are usually observed in diabetic patients: an ischaemic cardiomyopathy or a typical diabetic cardiomyopathy. The implementation of use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors will much improve in the near future the long-term prognosis of patients affected by heart failure and diabetes. Among cardiovascular comorbidities, atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmic disease of heart failure patients and it is still not clear whether its presence should be considered as a prognostic indicator or as a marker of advanced disease. The aim of the present review was to explore the clinical and prognostic impact of anaemia and iron deficiency, diabetes mellitus, and atrial fibrillation in patients affected by chronic heart failure.