bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of daily energy drink consumption differ by gender among Belgian adolescents
Authors: Lebacq Theresa , Dujeu Maud , Pedroni Camille , Moreau Nathalie , Desnouck Véronique , Holmberg Emma , Godin Isabelle , Castetbon Katia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOver the past decade, energy drinks (ED) have become increasingly popular among adolescents. Due to their high content in caffeine, sugar and other energy-promoting components, frequent ED consumption may have adverse health effects, like cardiovascular symptoms, sleep impairment, and nervousness. Previous studies have shown that ED consumption was more frequent among males. To extend this knowledge, our analysis examined how sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of frequent ED consumption may differ by gender among Belgian adolescents. This study was based on data self-reported by 9,119 12–19 year-old French-speaking Belgian adolescents in secondary school, within the 2014 cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children survey. Pupils reporting they usually consumed ED once a day or more were considered as “high ED consumers”. Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics were described in relation to ED consumption, for boys and girls separately. We used multiple logistic regression models, stratified by gender, to assess the associations between the sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, with high ED consumption. Daily ED consumption was reported by 7.9% of boys and 4.6% of girls. In both genders, the proportion of high ED consumers was significantly higher among adolescents of grades 1–3, those of lower family affluence, in first- and second-generation immigrants, those watching TV more than 6 hours/day, those reporting later bedtimes, and those consuming soft drinks daily. In girls only, higher percentages were observed in girls from single- (7.6%) or blended-families (5.2%), than in girls from two-parent families (3.5%). In boys only, this percentage was higher among adolescents meeting physical activity recommendations (14.5% vs 6.5%). Multivariate analyses showed that high ED consumption was associated with lower grades, long screen time, later bedtimes, and daily soft drink consumption in both genders. In girls only, adolescents from single-parent families were more likely to consume ED daily (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.23–2.37) (vs. two-parent families). In boys only, first-generation immigrants (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.06–2.21) (vs. natives) and youth sufficiently physically active (OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.65–2.90) were more likely to consume ED daily. High ED consumption was more frequent among boys and showed gender-specific patterns, with associations with family structure in girls only, and with migration status and physical activity in boys only. Our findings provide evidence about patterns of high ED consumption among adolescents and should be used to inform the development of prevention strategies.
Tea Flavonoids and Risk of Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Ding Ding , Cassidy Aedin , Ferruzzi Mario G. , Jacques Paul , Johnson Elizabeth , Zhao Naisi , Shams-White Marissa , Karlsen Micaela , Wallace Taylor C. , Chung Mei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that both black and green tea are beneficial for prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effects of tea flavonoids on cardiovascular (CVD) and all-cause mortality outcomes.Searches across five databases including PubMed and Embase were conducted through November 2018 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies reporting cardiovascular and all-cause mortality outcomes. Two investigators independently conducted abstract and full-text screenings, data extractions, and risk of bias (ROB) assessments using the Nutrition Evidence Library Bias Assessment Tool (NEL BAT). Mixed-effects dose-response meta-regression and standard random-effects meta-analyses for outcomes with ≥ 4 studies were performed. 0 RCTs and 38 prospective cohort studies were included in the systematic review. NEL BAT scores ranged from 0–15 (0 being the lowest risk). Our linear meta-regression model showed that each cup increase in daily tea consumption (about 280 mg and 338 mg of total flavonoids for black and green tea, respectively) was associated with 3–4% lower risk of CVD mortality (predicted adjusted RR = 0.96; CI 0.93–0.99 for green tea and RR = 0.97; CI 0.94–0.99 for black tea). Furthermore, eachcup increase in daily tea consumption was associated a 2% lower risk of all-cause mortality (predicted adjusted relative risk (RR) = 0.98; 95% CI 0.97–0.99 for black tea and RR = 0.98; CI 0.96–0.99 for green tea, respectively). Two studies reported multivariable Cox regression analysis results for the relationship between black tea intake and risks of all-cause mortality outcomes. The results from these two studies were combined with our linear meta-regression result in a random-effects model meta-analysis and showed that each cup increase in daily black tea consumption was associated with an average of 3% lower risk of all-cause mortality (pooled adjusted RR = 0.97; 95% CI 0.87- 1.00) with large heterogeneity (I2 = 81.4%; p = 0.005). Current evidence indicates that increased tea consumption may reduce cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in a dose-response manner. This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO.
Risk factors for undernutrition among children 0–59 months of age in Myanmar
Authors: Kang Yunhee , Kim Jihye 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrevalence of childhood stunting in Myanmar is one of the highest in the South-East Asia countries. Cross-sectional data from the Demographic Health Survey 2015–16 were used to examine risk factors for stunting, wasting, and underweight among children aged 0–59 months. The prevalence of stunting (height-for-age z-score < -2), wasting (weight-for-height z-score < -2), and underweight (weight-for-age z-score < -2) was 29.0%, 7.3%, and 19.2%, respectively. Accounting for cluster design and sampling weights, multivariable logistic regression was conducted with 35 household, maternal, and child characteristics. Current pregnancy and maternal height < 145 cm, and child's small birth size recalled by mother, home delivery, and older child age (ref: 0–5 months) predicted both stunting and underweight. Child's large birth size was protective for all stunting, wasting, and underweight. Maternal BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 was a common risk factor for wasting and underweight. Lower wealth quintiles, maternal engagement in non-agricultural occupation, and male child predicted stunting only. Younger child age and not receiving vitamin-A supplementation in the last 6-month was risk factor for wasting only. Regional variation was also seen with a higher odds of stunting in West-South Region, North-East States, and West States, compared to Central Regions. In Myanmar, socioeconomic-demographic factors, poor maternal nutritional status, and living in certain geographic location are affecting children's undernutrition. It is recommended that intervening growth faltering focusing on the 1000 days of life; ensuring optimum maternal nutrition during and before pregnancy and at adolescence; societal support for mothers in poverty or engaged in non-agriculture; and understanding region-specific undernutrition pathways.
The phenomenon of zinc deficiency among children in China aged 3–5 years old
Authors: Bi Ye , Yang Zhenyu , Pang Xuehong , Duan Yifan , Lai Jianqiang , Jiang Shan , Wang Jie , Zhang Huanmei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionzinc is an essential micro-nutrient for growth and proper immune function. Yet there are limited data available on the prevalence of zinc deficiency among children aged 3–5 at the country level. This information will enable health planners to determine the need for zinc intervention activities and to stimulate further research into these areas.materials and methodsThe data on children aged 3–5 were extracted from the Chinese National Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2013. By multi-stage stratified cluster randomly sampling method, 30 children aged 3–5 years old were selected from each region for this study from 55 counties in China to analyze serum zinc. Finally, 1472 children aged 3–5 years were included in the study. The concentration of serum zinc was determined by high resolution inductively coupled plasm mass spectrometry. High and low level quality control samples were used, measured value was (1.63 ± 0.04)mg/l and (2.80 ± 0.06)mg/l, respectively. CV of quality control samples were 1.69%~2.45%. The zinc deficiency was defined as serum zinc level < 70μg/dl with the standard of WHO.Resultsserum zinc means of children aged 3–5 years was (95.3 ± 18.2)μg/dl and 3.9% children with zinc deficiency. serum zinc means level in urban children was (98.9 ± 17.6)μg/dl, and (91.6 ± 18.2)μg/dl in rural area. we showed that the serum zinc deficiency rate was higher in rural children (5.5%) than urban children (2.4%), and there were significant differences between these two areas. serum zinc means level in boys aged 3–5 years was (95.3 ± 18.7)μg/dl, and (95.3 ± 17.8)μg/dl in girls aged 3–5 years old. The prevalence of zinc deficiency was 1.5%, 6.6% and 1.8% in 3~,4~,5~ years old urban boys, respectively; 6.8%, 7.7% and 4.0% in rural boys, respectively. The prevalence of zinc deficiency was 2.3%, 0.8% and 1.7% in 3~,4~,5~ years old urban girls, respectively; 4.1%, 7.0% and 4.0% in rural girls, respectively. And there were differences between urban and rural areas in girls of 4~.5 years.DiscussionThe zinc level of children aged 3–5 years in China has been improved compared with ten years ago, but the zinc deficiency of rural children is still lower than that of urban children, especially those aged 4 to 5 years in rural areas, so we should pay more attention to this group.
Early life factors and their relevance to intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery in early adulthood
Authors: Nyasordzi Juliana , Penczynski Katharina , Remer Thomas , Buyken Anette 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionEarly life factors may predispose an offspring to cardiovascular risk factors in later life. It is plausible a range of exposures in early life may be involved in this predisposition, which may extend to “healthy” populations in Western populations.We examined the association between a number of early life factors with the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis, in early adulthood of a healthy German population.MethodsWe studied term participants (n = 265) of the DONALD Study, with a bilateral sonographic measurement of the IMT in young adulthood (18–40 years) and data on early life factors (maternal and paternal age at child birth, birth weight (including appropriateness of birth weight- for gestational age), gestational weight gain and full breastfeeding (breastfeeding > 17weeks). Sonographic IMT measurements were performed on the left and right common carotid artery using a minimum of 4 measurements. Mean IMT values were obtained averaging the measurements from both sides, an overall average obtained from 8 and 16 measurement of both sides was used for this analysis. Information on gestation and birth were abstracted from the “Mutterpass”, maternal and paternal age at birth were inquired at study entry and breastfeeding information was assessed prospectively. Prospective association between early life factors and IMT were analyzed using multivariable linear regression models, considering age at IMT measurement, physician taking the measurement, in addition: birth year, first born status, maternal and paternal educational status, maternal overweight, presence of smokers in the household tested for potential confounding.ResultsMean adult IMT was 0.56mm ± 0.03, range: 0.41mm-0.78 mm. Maternal age at child birth was of prospective relevance for IMT in young adulthood, however, this association was sex specific: Increased maternal age at child birth was independently associated with an increased IMT among female offspring during young adulthood (β 0.029, SE 0.009) mm/decade, P = 0.003) only, this was not mediated by adult waist circumference. None of the remaining early life factors showed relevance for adult IMT levels among males and females in early adulthood.ConclusionThis study suggests that advanced maternal age at child birth is of prospective relevance for IMT levels in younger adulthood in a healthy Western population. This association appears to be sex specific, with maternal age at child birth positively associated with IMT in females in early adulthood only.
BMI, waist-to-height ratio and body fat mass in older adults: results from the Pronutrisenior project
Authors: Correia Flora , Oliveira Bruno M. P. M. , Poínhos Rui , Sorokina Anzhela , Afonso Cláudia , Franchini Bela , Pereira Bárbara , Fonseca Luís , Sousa Miguel , Monteiro Ana , de Almeida Maria Daniel Vaz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNear 20% of the Portuguese population is aged 65 years or above, a value similar to most developed countries. This older adult population also suffers from obesity and obesity-related pathologies. The environment encompasses a set of obesity determinants and knowing the associations between the environment and obesity may help health professionals and caregivers to provide for the older adults.In this study, we aimed to relate anthropometric measures with socio-demographic data in older adults.This is a cross-sectional study using data from the Pronutrisenior project, collected in Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal. The sample consists of 456 older adults, aged 65 to 92 years without cognitive impairment. The sample consisted of older adults living at their homes. Socio-demographic, clinical, geographical, and anthropometric data was collected. The statistical analysis used IBM-SPSS-22.0 and consisted on descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations and UniANOVA. Significantly results (p < 0.05) are reported.These older adults were mostly females (54.2%) with a mean age of 73.8 years (sd = 6.3), mean body mass index (BMI) of 29.1kg/m2 (sd = 4.8), mean waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) of 0.623 (sd = 0.073) and mean percentage of body fat mass (%BFM) of 40.7% (sd = 8.9%) for females and 30.2% (sd = 8.5%) for males. BMI, WHtR and %BFM were positively correlated. In this sample of older adults, higher values of these measures were associated to being female, younger, less educated; to having articular pains and respiratory problems, and not having insomnia, hypertension, chewing problems nor hearing problems; to drink more liquids but not consuming dairy products daily; to not take nutritional supplements but to take more medicines; to be without somebody to talk to and to be more dependent; and to live in a house without stairs to climb and to live near other older adults, and in a more urbanized area with streets with steeper slopes.In this sample of older adults, obesity is related with health characteristics and those are related with socio-demographic and geographical characteristics of the area of residence. Besides the identification of risk factors for the older adult population, this information may help designing health care policies that takes in consideration the physical and geographical characteristics of the neighbourhood of the area of residence of the older adults.
Anthropometric Measurement and Dietary Pattern of Rural Farmers in Osisioma Ngwa Local Government Area Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Oguizu Ada , Orinkpa Joy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn Nigeria, up to 70 percent of the populations are employed in the agricultural sector. Majority of the farmers are in the rural area (Khayesi, 2001). Poverty in rural areas is much more widespread than in urban areas. A high proportion of poor households consist of farmers who depend on agriculture as a primary food and livelihood source. Malnutrition is widespread in the entire country and rural areas are especially vulnerable to chronic food shortage, unbalanced nutrition, poor quality and high cost of food (Akinyele, 2009).ObjectivesThe specific objectives were to: (i) obtain information about the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers; (ii) assess the dietary pattern of the rural farmers using food frequency questionnaire. (iii) obtain the anthropometric measurements of the rural farmers; (iv) compare dietary pattern and anthropometric data of the farmers.Materials and MethodsFour hundred and fifty farmers were randomly selected from the list of registered farmers in Osisioma L.G.A. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio economic and dietary pattern of farmers. Anthropometric measurements were obtained using standardized procedures. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used for data analysis.ResultsResult show that 62.5% were males and 37.5% females. About 62.5% were between 40–50 years while only 1% was less than 30 years. About 12% of the farmers were underweight, 26% were overweight and 3% were obese. Results on dietary practices showed that less than half (45%) of the farmers' source of nutrition information came from the community health workers. Large number of the population (65%) reported a poor feeding practice and 76.4% skipped meals, which is an unhealthy nutritional practice. Majority (84.7%) also indicated not to have enough resources for family feeding. Farming activity revealed majority (86%) practiced crop farming with cassava (48.4%), garden egg (46.8%), maize/Oka (46.8%) and pumpkin/Ugu (37.5%) as the most farm produce of income. Bread, rice and maize were the most consumed cereal. Garri/fufu topped the most consumed root and tuber food produce. Seasonal variation affected fruit consumption with paw-paw (65.7%), orange (48.5%) and mango (55.0%) being the most consumed fruits.ConclusionThis study showed poor participation of youths in farming. Farmers in the study location majorly engaged in crop farming of cassava, maize and vegetables, this led to a high consumption of cassava and maize products.
Almond consumption improves satiety and ectopic fat content relative to a high-carbohydrate food: A pilot RCT in minority adults
Authors: St-Onge Marie-Pierre , Campbell Ayanna , RoyChoudhury Arindam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNut consumers have lower body weight and are at lower cardiovascular disease risk than non-consumers. Interestingly, minority adults, who have the highest prevalence of obesity and are at disproportionate risk of cardiovascular disease, have low nut intakes. The goal of this study was to test whether consumption of almonds, compared to low-fat/high-carbohydrate cereal bars (LF-HC), as a supplement for 24 wk, would improve appetite regulation and body composition in Blacks and Hispanics. Twenty-nine adults, BMI > 25 kg/m2, age 30–65 y, were recruited and randomized to consume either almonds or LF-HC providing 17.5% of their estimated energy requirements as part of their regular diet. A total of 17 adults completed the study, 9 men and 8 women; 7 of whom were randomized to almond consumption (4 men, 3 women), and 10 to LF-HC consumption (5 men, 5 women). Outcome variables included appetite-regulating hormones and inflammatory markers, which were measured from fasting blood samples taken at baseline, week 12, and endpoint. Body composition was measured by magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and endpoint. Data were analyzed using linear mixed model with treatment, time, and their interaction as predictor variables; age, race, sex, and baseline BMI as covariates; and participant ID as a random effect variable. Peptide YY concentrations were higher in the almond group compared to LF-HC (time x treatment interaction at 12 wk, P < 0.001; 24 wk, P = 0.13). Glucagon-like peptide 1 concentrations were higher in the almond group compared to LF-HC (time x treatment interaction at 12 wk, P = 0.10; 24 wk, P = 0.015). Ghrelin levels decreased in LF-HC compared to the almond group at 12 wk but not 24 wk (time x treatment interaction at 12 wk, P = 0.017; 24 wk, P = 0.23). There was a slight trend for a time x treatment interaction on body weight (P = 0.14; change in almond = 0.6 ± 1.8 kg; LF-HC = 1.9 ± 2.7 kg). There was a time x treatment interaction on intermuscular adipose tissue (P = 0.013; change in almond = -0.10 ± 0.14 cm3; LF-HC = 0.04 ± 0.07 cm3). None of the measured inflammatory markers (C reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor) were affected by the dietary interventions. Despite the lack of profound body composition changes, daily almond intake for 24 wk, within the usual diet, ameliorated satiety and ectopic fat deposition, suggesting a potential role of nut consumption in the context of a weight reduction program in minority adults. Our data support further exploration of the health effects of nut consumption in this population.
Dietary and anthropometric factors affecting the potential of gut microbiota to utilize dietary fiber and produce short-chain fatty acids
Authors: Malinowska Anna M. , Schmidt Marcin , Majcher Malgorzata , Przydatek Hanna , Szaban Marta , Kurowiecka Agata 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSome species of gut bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from dietary fiber—mainly acetate, propionate, and butyrate. The composition of human gut microbiota is dependent on dietary intake and health status. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of diet and anthropometric parameters on the potential of gut microbiota to metabolize dietary fiber and produce SCFA.A group of 200 men and women aged 31 to 50 years old participated in the study. The diet was assessed using three-day dietary records and the dietary pattern was determined using score methods. The potential to utilize water-insoluble fiber was assessed by measuring the β-glucosidase enzymatic activity of dissolved feces. To estimate the potential to metabolize water-soluble dietary fiber, cultures containing feces and pectin were incubated under anaerobic conditions for 24 hours. The amounts of fiber, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid before and after incubation were measured.Pectin utilization correlated positively with the amount of energy intake from fat (r = 0.19) and with the intake of nuts and seeds (r = 0.17) and was negatively correlated with the amount of energy from complex carbohydrates (r = -0.16) and its sources, such as refined grain products (r = -0.15). The dietary pattern did not affect the potential of the gut microbiota to metabolize pectin, but did influence the potential to digest insoluble dietary fiber, as the subjects following the western dietary pattern had lower potential than those following the rational pattern. β-glucosidase activity correlated positively with the intake of dietary fiber (r = 0.19) and intake of its sources, such as fruits (r = 0.18), vegetables (r = 0.21), and nuts and seeds (r = 0.18); it correlated negatively with nonalcoholic beverage intake (r = -0.15) and sugar and honey intake (r = -0.16). The potential to synthesize acetic acid correlated negatively with dietary indices and dietary fiber intake (r = -0.18). The potential to synthesize propionic acid correlated negatively with hip and waist circumference (r = -0.14, -0.15, respectively). The potentials to synthesize both propionic and butyric acid were affected by the intake of nuts and seeds (r = 0.18, 0.21, respectively).Diet affects the potential of gut microbiota to utilize dietary fiber and to produce SCFAs. The impact of anthropometry parameters was only seen on the potential to synthesize propionic acid.