bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological and nutritional correlates of objectively assessed physical activity in patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Grosser Julia , Hofmann Tobias , Stengel Andreas , Zeeck Almut , Winter Sibylle , Correll Christoph U. , Haas Verena 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhysical activity (PA) plays a role in the course of anorexia nervosa (AN).ObjectiveTo assess the association between PA, nutritional status and psychological parameters in patients with AN.MethodUsing a wearable activity monitor, PA was assessed in 60 female AN inpatients, by step count and time spent in 4 metabolic equivalent (MET)‐intensity levels: sedentary behaviour, light, moderate and vigorous PA. In addition, BMI, psychological (patient‐reported outcome questionnaires) and nutritional parameters (body fat, energy and macronutrient intake) were assessed.ResultsThe study population spent little time in vigorous PA. BMI on admission and discharge was higher when more time was spent in sedentary behaviour, and lower with more time spent in light PA. Relationships between PA and patient‐reported outcomes were weak and limited to an association between vigorous PA and compulsiveness. Low fat mass was associated with more time spent in light PA, while subjects with higher step counts showed less intake of energy, carbohydrates and fat.ConclusionThe relationship between inadequate food intake and increased PA in patients with AN requires further investigation.
Total titratable acidity and organic acids of wines produced from cactus pear (Opuntia‐ficus‐indica) fruit and Lantana camara (L. Camara) fruit blended fermentation process employed response surface optimization
Authors: Tsegay Zenebe Tadesse 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFruits and fermentation methods are important sources of organic acids that determine organoleptic properties, microbiological and biochemical stability of fruit wines. This study is aimed at investigating total titrable acidity and organic acids of fruit wines produced by response surface optimization of cactus pear and Lantana camara fruits blend and cactus pear fruit alone. The predictive mathematical model of the blended fruit wine is well fitted (R2 = 0.9618 and absolute average deviation (AAD) = 2.06%). The optimum values of fermentation temperature, inoculum concentration, and Lantana camara fruitjuice concentration to produce predictive total titrable acidity of 0.8% (w/v citric acid) were 24°C, 10% (v/v), and 10.7% (v/v), respectively. The blended fruit wine was with lower total titrable acidity (w/v citric acid) of 0.83 ± 0.058% compared to wine produced from cactus pear fruit alone 1.06 ± 0.27%. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of both produced wines revealed the difference in concentration of citric (±3.35 mg/ml), L‐tartaric (± 3.71 mg/ml), and L‐ascorbic acid (± 0.07 mg/ml). Citric acid was predominant organic acid in both fruit wines, and its content in the cactus pear is 7.09 ± 0.07 mg/ml and blended fruit wine 4.74 ± 0.07 mg/ml.
Radiation and Hall effects on a 3D flow of MHD Williamson fluid over a stretchable surface
Authors: Ramamoorthy Meenakumari , Pallavarapu Lakshminarayana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMagnetohydrodynamics (MHD) three‐dimensional flow of an unsteady Williamson fluid on an enlarging surface with Hall current, radiation, heat source/sink, and chemical reaction is investigated in this article. The basic governing equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations by using an appropriate similarity transformation. The system is deciphered using the shooting method. The properties of influential parameters such as parameters of magnetic field, Hall current, radiation, and so forth, on the flow are discussed with the help of graphs and tables. We noticed that the increase in the magnetic field reduces the velocity in x‐direction and the rate of heat and mass transfer. We also acknowledged that the growing values of Hall current parameter boost the velocity in z‐direction but it reduce the temperature and concentration distributions, respectively. The results of this study represent many applications in biomedical engineering and these results are helpful for further study of non‐Newtonian fluids in various circumstances.
Thermophysical properties of fly ash–Cu hybrid nanofluid for heat transfer applications
Authors: Kanti Praveen , Sharma K. V. , Revanasiddappa M. , Ramachandra C. G. , Akilu Suleiman 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe effect of temperature and concentration on the thermophysical properties of fly ash–copper (80% fly ash and 20% Cu by volume) water‐based stable hybrid nanofluid is studied. The experiments are conducted for the volume concentration range of 0 to 0.5% in the temperature range of 30 to 60°C. The nanoparticles have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering to determine an average nanoparticle diameter of 15 nm. The stability of nanofluid in the presence of surfactant Triton X‐100 is examined with the help of zeta potential. The maximum enhancement in thermal conductivity and viscosity is 19% and 22%, respectively. The outcome of the present study showed that density, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of the hybrid nanofluid increased, whereas specific heat decreased with an increase in the nanofluid concentration. In addition, the specific heat and thermal conductivity increase, there is a decrease in density and viscosity of the hybrid nanofluid with an increase in temperature.
Negative life events and nonsuicidal self‐injury in prisoners: The mediating role of hopelessness and moderating role of belief in a just world
Authors: Gu Honglei , Lu Yujie , Cheng Yufang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe rate of nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) among prisoners is higher than that in the general population. However, less is known about correlates and risk factors during imprisonment. Based on Dear's model of NSSI in prison, our study tested the mediation effect of hopelessness and the moderation effect of belief in a just world in the association between negative life events and NSSI.MethodsA total of 1,042 Chinese male prisoners completed questionnaires concerning negative life events, hopelessness, and belief in a just world. Their NSSI was assessed in structured interviews.ResultsThe results showed that negative life events were positively associated with prisoners' hopelessness, which in turn was positively associated with their NSSI. Belief in a just world weakened the mediation effect.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the need to consider environmental and personal factors simultaneously when evaluating risks associated with prisoners' NSSI, and they have important implications for prevention and intervention.
Measuring objective knowledge of potable recycled water
Authors: Mahmoud‐Elhaj Dana , Tanner Braden , Sabatini David , Feltz Adam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractReliable clean drinking water is becoming increasingly scarce. One potential additional source of drinking water is recycled water. However, public acceptance of potable recycled drinking water is low. One likely factor involved in the acceptance of recycled drinking water is objective knowledge about recycled water. In three studies (N = 229,  590, and 200), we developed a 34‐item measure of objective knowledge of recycled drinking water. The objective knowledge measure was often a strong and unique predictor of intentions to accept and use recycled drinking water compared to other prominent factors including disgust and subjective knowledge of recycled water. Measuring knowledge of recycled drinking water holds the potential to estimate how and whether educational interventions aimed at increasing acceptance of recycled drinking water programs work.
Speleothem and glacier records of latest Pleistocene–early Holocene climate change in the western North American interior
Authors: Quirk Brendon J. , Mackey Glen N. , Fernandez Diego P. , Armstrong Andy , Moore Jeffrey R. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTRapid and high‐magnitude North Atlantic climate oscillations following the Last Glacial Maximum have been correlated to climate change events in western North America. However, the strength of teleconnections between the North Atlantic and the interior of western North America remains poorly understood. We present a U‐series calibrated speleothem record from Timpanogos Cave National Monument, located at 2040 m asl in the Wasatch Mountains of Utah, spanning 13.5–10.6 ka. Additionally, we carried out a climate reconstruction for a coeval glacier advance in the Wind River Range of Wyoming. Our results indicate that between 13.5 and 12.8 ka, the Wasatch was probably first cool and dry and then warmed. After 12.8 ka, our record suggests cool and/or wetter conditions followed by reduced moisture until 11.8 ka, followed by an early Holocene wet period. The Timpanogos record exhibits few similarities with those from the North Atlantic. Climate reconstructions of the Titcomb Basin glacier suggest modest temperature depressions relative to modern (<−3 °C) were necessary to sustain the glacier with a moderate increase in precipitation (>150%). The high‐altitude speleothem record presented here provides a valuable basis for understanding latest Pleistocene–early Holocene glacial episodes in western North America.
Coastal carbon cycle changes following mangrove loss
Authors: Sippo James Z. , Sanders Christian J. , Santos Isaac R. , Jeffrey Luke C. , Call Mitchell , Harada Yota , Maguire Kylie , Brown Dylan , Conrad Stephen R. , Maher Damien T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGlobal mangrove loss is occurring from deforestation and extreme climatic events, but changes to the coastal carbon cycle following mangrove mortality and/or loss are not well understood. In 2015/2016, a massive climate‐driven mangrove dieback event occurred over ~ 1000 km of Australian coastline. To assess carbon loss following mortality, carbon fluxes in adjacent living and dead forest areas were compared 8 and 20 months postforest dieback. Dead areas experienced an increase in soil CO2 efflux by ~ 189%, and a decrease in oceanic dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) outwelling of ~ 50% relative to living areas. DIC outwelling (predominantly carbonate alkalinity) and soil CO2 efflux accounted for 81% and 16% of losses from the living forest, in comparison to 51% and 47%, respectively, from the dead forest. The dieback drove a shift from a dominance of oceanic carbon outwelling to increased atmospheric CO2 emissions and decreased alkalinity exports. This shift was likely driven by increased oxygen sediment permeation and the loss of mangrove net primary productivity. Combining our new observations with literature data, we found a logarithmic relationship between soil carbon loss and time since mangrove loss. Using this relationship, we estimate ongoing global carbon losses from historical mangrove deforestation and dieback could be 13.7 ± 9.4 Tg C yr−1, which is eightfold higher than previous estimates and offsets global mangrove carbon burial by ~ 60%. Even if no future deforestation occurred, we estimate ongoing carbon losses to the atmosphere and ocean from current global mangrove losses of 27 Tg C over the next 30 yr.
pH‐Controlled Hierarchical Assembly/Disassembly of Multicompartment Micelles in Water
Authors: Nghiem Tai‐Lam , Chakroun Ramzi , Janoszka Nicole , Chen Chen , Klein Kai , Wong Chin Ken , Gröschel André H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMulticompartment micelles (MCMs) have become attractive drug delivery systems as they allow the separate storage of two or more incompatible cargos in their core compartments (e.g., drugs and dyes for imaging). A recent hierarchical self‐assembly process for hydrophobic terpolymers in organic solvents showed the ability to form very homogeneous MCM populations, yet the transfer of this process into water requires a better understanding of the formation mechanism and influence of chain mobility during assembly. Here, the synthesis of a linear poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate)‐block‐poly(benzyl acrylate)‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (POEGMA‐b‐PBzA‐b‐P4VP) triblock terpolymer by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is reported as well as its step‐wise assembly into MCMs in water with POEGMA corona, PBzA patches, and P4VP core. Reversible assembly/disassembly of the MCMs is investigated through protonation/deprotonation of the P4VP core. Interestingly, the low glass transition temperature (Tg) of the hydrophobic PBzA middle block causes MCMs to directly disassemble into molecularly dissolved chains instead of patchy micelles due to mechanical stress from electrosteric repulsion of the protonated P4VP corona chains. In addition, pH resistant MCMs are created by core‐crosslinking and fluorescent properties are added by covalent anchoring of fluorescent dyes via straightforward click chemistry.
Technical Note: Plan‐delivery‐time constrained inverse optimization method with minimum‐MU‐per‐energy‐layer (MMPEL) for efficient pencil beam scanning proton therapy
Authors: Gao Hao , Clasie Benjamin , McDonald Mark , Langen Katja M. , Liu Tian , Lin Yuting 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis work aims to reduce dose delivery time of pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton plans, which is the dominant factor of total plan delivery time. A proton PBS system, such as Varian ProBeam proton therapy system, can be equipped with the proton dose rate that is linearly proportional to the minimum monitor unit (MU) (i.e., number of protons) of PBS spots before saturation. Thus dose delivery time can be potentially reduced by increasing the MU threshold. However, commercially available treatment planning systems and current methods only allow for a single MU threshold globally for all PBS spots (i.e., all energy layers), and consequently the room to increase this minimum‐MU for reducing dose delivery time is very limited since higher minimum‐MU can greatly degrade treatment plan quality.MethodsTwo major innovations of this work are the proposal of using variable MU thresholds locally adaptive to each energy layer, that is, minimum‐MU‐per‐energy‐layer (MMPEL), for reducing dose delivery time, and the joint optimization of plan delivery time and plan quality. Minimum‐MU‐per‐energy‐layer is formulated as a constrained optimization problem with objectives of dose‐volume‐histogram based planning constraints and plan delivery time, and minimum‐MU constraints per energy layer for deliverable PBS spots. Minimum‐MU‐per‐energy‐layer is solved by iterative convex relaxations via alternating direction method of multipliers.ResultsRepresentative prostate, lung, brain, head‐and‐neck, breast, liver and pancreas cases were used to validate MMPEL. Minimum‐MU‐per‐energy‐layer reduced dose delivery time to 53%, 67%, 67%, 53%, 54%, 32%, and 14% respectively while maintaining a similar plan quality. Accepting a slightly degraded plan quality that still met all physician planning constraints, the treatment time could be further reduced to 26%, 35%, 41%, 34%, 32%, 16%, and 11% respectively, or in another word MMPEL accelerated the PBS plan delivery by 2–10 fold.ConclusionsA new proton PBS treatment planning method MMPEL with variable energy‐adaptive MU thresholds is developed to optimize dose delivery time jointly with plan quality. The preliminary results suggest that MMPEL could substantially reduce dose delivery time.
Overexpression of chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 is associated with structural recurrence in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Cheng Shih‐Ping , Lee Jie‐Jen , Chang Yuan‐Ching , Lin Chi‐Hsin , Li Ying‐Syuan , Liu Chien‐Liang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe previously identified that the expression of chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (CHI3L1) was upregulated during thyroid cancer progression. Here, we investigated the prognostic significance of CHI3L1 expression in thyroid neoplasms and examined the potential oncogenic roles. CHI3L1 immunochemical staining was performed on tissue microarrays of benign and malignant thyroid tumours. Compared with normal thyroid tissue and benign thyroid lesions that had low or no detectable CHI3L1 expression, CHI3L1 was overexpressed in both differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid cancer. High CHI3L1 expression was associated with extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis, and shorter recurrence‐free survival in differentiated thyroid cancer. The biological roles of CHI3L1 were further investigated by gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays. CHI3L1 silencing suppressed clonogenicity, migration, invasion, anoikis resistance, and angiogenesis in thyroid cancer cells, although exogenous CHI3L1 treatment promoted these malignant phenotypes. Cysteine‐rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) was identified as a downstream target of CHI3L1 by RNA‐seq analysis. CYR61 silencing or treatment reversed the alterations induced by CHI3L1 modulation. Our results demonstrate that CHI3L1 is overexpressed in thyroid cancer and is associated with an increased risk of disease recurrence. Additionally, CYR61 may participate in CHI3L1‐mediated tumour progression. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nutritional traditional and complementary medicine strategies in pediatric cancer: A narrative review
Authors: Diorio Caroline , Kelly Kara M. , Afungchwi Glenn M. , Ladas Elena J. , Marjerrison Stacey 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTraditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) strategies are commonly used by pediatric cancer patients. Nutritional approaches to T&CM include bioactive compounds, supplements, and herbs as well as dietary approaches. Pediatric cancer patients and their families commonly request and use nutritional T&CM strategies. We review the potential risks and benefits of nutritional T&CM use in pediatric cancer care and provide an overview of some commonly used and requested supplements, including probiotics, antioxidants, cannabinoids, vitamins, turmeric, mistletoe, Carica papaya, and others. We also discuss the role of specific diets such as the ketogenic diet, caloric restriction diets, whole‐food diets, and immune modulating diets. There is a growing body of evidence to support the use of some T&CM agents for the supportive care of children with cancer. However, further study is needed into these agents and approaches. Open communication with families about T&CM use is critical.
Disparities in the use of antineoplastic immunotherapy in pediatric malignant adrenal tumors
Authors: Shoag Jamie M. , Podda Antonello , Kobetz Erin N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDinutuximab is a costly life‐prolonging immunotherapy for high‐risk neuroblastoma. We used a large pediatric inpatient database to analyze the use of antineoplastic immunotherapy in patients with malignant adrenal tumors 1 year after Food and Drug Administration approval of dinutuximab for high‐risk neuroblastoma. On multivariate modeling, children of Black race (odds ratio [OR] 0.62, P = .04; referent non‐Black) and the lowest ZIP code income quartile (OR 0.74, P = .03; referent wealthier 3 quartiles) were significantly less like to receive antineoplastic immunotherapy. These results suggest substantial disparities in the distribution of a vital therapy in children with advanced cancer.
Enhancing electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness for radiation vulcanized natural rubber latex composites containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes and silk textile
Authors: Moonlek Budsaraphorn , Wimolmala Ekachai , Markpin Teerasak , Sombatsompop Narongrit , Saenboonruang Kiadtisak 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work investigated the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE), electrical conductivity (σ), and mechanical properties of radiation vulcanized natural rubber latex (RVNRL) with varying amounts of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and silk textiles for use as flexible EMI shielding materials. The results indicated that 14‐kGy gamma irradiation on NRL successfully initiated crosslinking between NR chains. The results also indicated the increases in MWCNT content increased σ, EMI SE, and hardness, but decreased tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites. Furthermore, silk textile inserted in MWCNT/RVNRL composites could further enhance both σ and EMI SE, while maintaining the strength of the materials at higher MWCNT contents, which previously tended to decrease with increasing MWCNTs. Specifically, the maximum EMI SE in this work was obtained by using 6‐phr MWCNT content and the insertion of silk textile in RVNRL composites (~8 [19] dB for a 2‐mm [8‐mm] thickness at 300 MHz).
Precise synthesis of heterogeneous glycopolymers with well‐defined saccharide motifs in the side chain via post‐polymerization modification and recognition with lectin
Authors: Liu Meina , Miao Dengyun , Wang Xingyou , Wang Caiyun , Deng Wei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHeterogeneous glycopolymers with different sugar units in the side chain have been receiving considerable attention due to their potential properties in enhancing molecular recognition abilities toward a specific receptor, yet there are limited synthetic approaches to introduce different sugar motifs into the glycopolymer backbone. Herein, a series of heterogeneous glycopolymers consisting of different sugar units in the side chains were synthesized by post‐polymerization modification of activated PFPA ester precursor polymers. The functionalized amines bearing two different sugar motifs have been synthesized by gradient CuAAC reaction, which could serve as a platform for achieving heterogeneous sugar units with functional control in concise steps. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measurements of the obtained glycopolymers with Concanavalin A indicated that the heterogeneous glycopolymers, poly(Man‐βGlu‐OH) and poly(Man‐βGa‐OH) bearing α‐D‐mannose and other non‐binding β‐Glucose or β‐Galatose units, show higher affinities toward Concanavalin A in comparison to monoglycopolymer poly(Man‐Alkyne‐OH) in which the non‐binding sugar motifs was substituted with non‐sugar unit due to synergistic effects of non‐binding sugar units. Moreover, this work allows for precise fabrication of a broad variety of glycopolymers in which it significantly broadens the library of accessible polymer structures, either homogeneous or heterogeneous glycopolymers.
Preparation, characterization, and dilute solution properties of four‐branched cage‐shaped poly(ethylene oxide)
Authors: Noda Takashi , Doi Yuya , Ohta Yutaka , Takata Shin‐ichi , Takano Atsushi , Matsushita Yushu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA four‐branched cage‐shaped poly(ethylene oxide) (4C‐PEO) was prepared by a coupling reaction at very dilute condition between two kinds of end‐functional four‐armed star‐shaped PEOs having amino and N‐hydroxysuccinimide groups on their four ends, followed by purification using α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD). The raw coupling reaction product shows multiple peaks including various high molecular weight multimeric products in size‐exclusion chromatography measurements, while the product after α‐CD purification shows a single peak eluted slightly earlier than the precursor star PEOs. Moreover, the final product obtained has about twice higher molecular weight than the star precursors. These results suggest that the targeted 4C‐PEO polymer was successfully isolated through the α‐CD purification. Small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements of the final product in dilute solution were conducted, and its chain conformation was evaluated from the scattering profile in comparison with linear and star polymers. It has been found that the cage‐shaped sample exhibits a distinct peak at lower q‐region in the Kratky plot, which is in strong contrast with the linear counterpart. This result must be originated from the characteristic cage‐shaped architecture, that is, having branched and closed‐loop configurations, and hence having higher segmental density than simple linear and star molecules. In fact, the present experimental result is consistent with the recent Monte Carlo simulation reported by Uehara and Deguchi.