bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental antecedents of social anhedonia: The roles of early temperament and sex
Authors: Mumper Emma E. , Finsaas Megan C. , Goldstein Brandon L. , Gooding Diane C. , Klein Daniel N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSocial anhedonia is well established as a transdiagnostic factor, but little is known about its development. This study examined whether temperament and parenting in early childhood predict social anhedonia in early adolescence. We also explored whether the relationships between early predictors and social anhedonia are moderated by a child's sex. A community sample of children participated in laboratory observations of temperament and parenting practices at age 3 (n= 275). The participants returned at age 12 and completed the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale–Child Version (ACIPS-C). Our results indicated that, at age 3, lower observed sociability predicted higher levels of social anhedonia at age 12. These associations were moderated by child sex, such that males with diminished sociability reported greater social anhedonia. These findings indicate that predictors of early adolescent social anhedonia are evident as early as 3 years of age. However, these effects were evident only for males, suggesting that the pathways to social anhedonia in early adolescence differ as a function of sex.
Reducing facial dynamics’ speed during speech enhances attention to mouth in children with autism spectrum disorder: An eye-tracking study
Authors: Gepner Bruno , Godde Anaïs , Charrier Aurore , Carvalho Nicolas , Tardif Carole 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFacial movements of others during verbal and social interaction are often too rapid to be faced and/or processed in time by numerous children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which could contribute to their face-to-face interaction peculiarities. We wish here to measure the effect of reducing the speed of one's facial dynamics on the visual exploration of the face by children with ASD. Twenty-three children with ASD and 29 typically-developing control children matched for chronological age passively viewed a video of a speaker telling a story at various velocities, i.e., a real-time speed and two slowed-down speeds. The visual scene was divided into four areas of interest (AOI): face, mouth, eyes, and outside the face. With an eye-tracking system, we measured the percentage of total fixation duration per AOI and the number and mean duration of the visual fixations made on each AOI. In children with ASD, the mean duration of visual fixations on the mouth region, which correlated with their verbal level, increased at slowed-down velocity compared with the real-time one, a finding which parallels a result also found in the control children. These findings strengthen the therapeutic potential of slowness for enhancing verbal and language abilities in children with ASD.
Suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts in patients with obsessive-compulsive tic-related disorder vs obsessive-compulsive disorder: results of a multicenter Italian study
Authors: Benatti Beatrice , Ferrari Silvia , Grancini Benedetta , Girone Nicolaja , Briguglio Matteo , Marazziti Donatella , Mucci Federico , Dell’Osso Liliana , Gambini Orsola , Demartini Benedetta , Tundo Antonio , Necci Roberta , De Berardis Domenico , Galentino Roberta , De Michele Sara , Albert Umberto , Rigardetto Sylvia , Maina Giuseppe , Grassi Giacomo , Pallanti Stefano , Amerio Andrea , Amore Mario , Priori Alberto , Servello Domenico , Viganò Caterina , Bosi Monica , Colombo Anna , Porta Mauro , Dell’Osso Bernardo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and tic disorder (TD) represent highly disabling, chronic and often comorbid psychiatric conditions. While recent studies showed a high risk of suicide for patients with OCD, little is known about those patients with comorbid TD (OCTD). Aim of this study was to characterize suicidal behaviors among patients with OCD and OCTD.MethodsThree hundred and thirteen outpatients with OCD (n = 157) and OCTD (n = 156) were recruited from nine different psychiatric Italian departments and assessed using an ad-hoc developed questionnaire investigating, among other domains, suicide attempt (SA) and ideation (SI). The sample was divided into four subgroups: OCD with SA (OCD-SA), OCD without SA (OCD-noSA), OCTD with SA (OCTD-SA), and OCTD without SA (OCTD-noSA).ResultsNo differences between groups were found in terms of SI, while SA rates were significantly higher in patients with OCTD compared to patients with OCD. OCTD-SA group showed a significant male prevalence and higher unemployment rates compared to OCD-SA and OCD-noSA sample. Both OCTD-groups showed an earlier age of psychiatric comorbidity onset (other than TD) compared to the OCD-SA sample. Moreover, patients with OCTD-SA showed higher rates of other psychiatric comorbidities and positive psychiatric family history compared to the OCD-SA group and to the OCD-noSA groups. OCTD-SA and OCD-SA samples showed higher rates of antipsychotics therapies and treatment resistance compared to OCD-noSA groups.ConclusionsPatients with OCTD vs with OCD showed a significantly higher rate of SA with no differences in SI. In particular, OCTD-SA group showed different unfavorable epidemiological and clinical features which need to be confirmed in future prospective studies.
HATE SPEECH LAWS: EXPRESSIVE POWER IS NOT THE ANSWER
Authors: Lepoutre Maxime 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTAccording to the influential “expressive” argument for hate speech laws, legal restrictions on hate speech are justified, in significant part, because they powerfully express opposition to hate speech. Yet the expressive argument faces a challenge: why couldn't we communicate opposition to hate speech via counterspeech, rather than bans? I argue that the expressive argument cannot address this challenge satisfactorily. Specifically, I examine three considerations that purport to explain bans’ expressive distinctiveness: considerations of strength; considerations of directness; and considerations of complicity. These considerations either fail to establish that bans are expressively superior to counterspeech, or presuppose that bans successfully deter hate speech. This result severely undercuts the expressive argument's appeal. First, contrary to what its proponents suggest, this argument fails to circumvent the protracted empirical controversies surrounding bans’ effectiveness as deterrents. Second, the expressive argument appears redundant, because bans are expressively distinctive only insofar as hate speech is already suppressed.
Exploring emotions and cognitions in hoarding: a Q-methodology analysis
Authors: Postlethwaite Adam , Kellett Stephen , Simmonds-Buckley Nathan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground:The cognitions and emotions of people prone to hoarding are key components of the dominant cognitive behavioural model of hoarding disorder.Aims:This study sought to use Q-methodology to explore the thoughts and feelings of people that are prone to hoarding, to identify whether distinct clusters of participants could be found.Method:A 49-statement Q-set was generated following thematic analysis of initial interviews (n= 2) and a review of relevant measures and literature. Forty-one participants with problematic hoarding met various study inclusion criteria and completed the Q-sort (either online or offline). A by-person factor analysis was conducted and subsequent participant clusters compared on psychometric measures of mood, anxiety, hoarding and time taken on the online task as proxy for impulsivity.Results:Four distinct participant clusters were found constituting 34/41 (82.92%) of the participants, as the Q-sorts ofn= 7 participants failed to cluster. The four clusters found were ‘overwhelmed’ (n= 11 participants); ‘aware of consequences’ (n= 13 participants); ‘object complexity’ (n= 6 participants) and ‘object–affect fusion’ (n= 4 participants). The clusters did not markedly differ with regard to hoarding severity, anxiety, depression or impulsivity.Conclusions:Whilst the participant clusters reflect extant research evidence, they also reveal significant heterogeneity and so prompt the need for further research investigating emotional and cognitive differences between people prone to hoarding.
The acceptability and feasibility of group cognitive behavioural therapy for older adults with generalised anxiety disorder
Authors: Hall Jo , Kellett Stephen , Kaur Bains Manreesh , Stonebank Heather , Scott Shonagh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground:Group psychotherapy for older adults with generalised anxiety disorder is an under-researched area.Aim:This report describes a mixed method evaluation of the acceptability and feasibility of an Overcoming Worry Group.Method:The Overcoming Worry Group was a novel adaptation of a cognitive behavioural therapy protocol targeting intolerance-of-uncertainty for generalised anxiety disorder, tailored for delivery to older adults in a group setting (n = 13).Results:The adapted protocol was found to be acceptable and feasible, and treatment outcomes observed were encouraging.Conclusions:This proof-of-concept study provides evidence for an Overcoming Worry Group as an acceptable and feasible group treatment for older adults with generalised anxiety disorder.
Polyglossic Malabar: Arabi-Malayalam and the Muhiyuddinmala in the age of transition (1600s–1750s)
Authors: YASSER ARAFATH P. K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article examines the relations between trade, faith, and textual traditions in early modern Indian Ocean region and the birth of Arabi-Malayalam, a new system of writing which has facilitated the growth of a vernacular Islamic textual tradition in Malabar since the seventeenth century. As a transliterated scriptorial-literary tradition, Arabi-Malayalam emerged out of the polyglossic lingual sphere of the Malabar Coast, and remains as one of the important legacies of social and religious interactions in precolonial south Asia. The first part of this article examines the social, epistemic and normative reasons that led to the scriptorial birth of Arabi-Malayalam, moving beyond a handful of Malayalam writings that locate its origin in the social and economic necessities of Arab traders in the early centuries of Islam. The second part looks at the complex relationship between Muslim scribes and their vernacular audience in the aftermath of Portuguese violence and destruction of Calicut—one of the largest Indian Ocean ports before the sixteenth century. This part focuses on Qadi Muhammed bin Abdul Aziz and hisMuhiyuddinmala, the first identifiable text in Arabi-Malayalam, examining how theMuhiyuddinmalarepresents a transition from classical Arabic theological episteme to the vernacular-popular poetic discourse which changed the pietistic behaviour of the Mappila Muslims of Malabar.
School readiness to adopt a school-based adolescent nutrition intervention in urban Indonesia
Authors: Octaria Yessi , Apriningsih Apriningsih , Dwiriani Cesilia M , Februhartanty Judhiastuty 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:To identify school community readiness to adopt a school-based adolescent nutrition intervention.Design:Cross-sectional study: mixed-methods design. The community readiness model was used to guide instrument development and qualitative analysis. Quantitative data are presented using descriptive statistics. Each statement was rated on a seven-point Likert scale, thereby producing scores between 1 (strongly disagree) and 7 (strongly agree).Setting:Ten of the twenty current public secondary schools in Bogor, Indonesia.Participants:Ninety teachers and ten school principals.Results:Eating behaviour problem awareness was present among all participants; awareness of efforts to improve eating habits was also present, but these efforts were perceived as having low efficacy; support from the City Education Authority and Health Authority was present, but the support type did not match the perceived needs; nutrition education had not been implemented across the entire school community due to competing priorities; existing nutrition policies did not provide concrete scenarios and clear guidelines for nutrition-friendly schools; the availability and accessibility of healthy foods at schools were considered to be key factors in improved adolescent nutrition; positive attitudes existed among respondents towards the implementation of various nutrition programmes, and the median and mode were seven in all types of school-based intervention.Conclusions:The school community readiness level regarding school-based adolescent nutrition interventions is currently in the action phase, implying that community leaders have begun organising efforts to address issues in adolescent nutrition and are aware of their consequences. Future support should be directed towards improving existing efforts and offering concrete ideas and clear policy guidelines for implementation.
Glyphosate: environmental fate and impact
Authors: Duke Stephen O. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGlyphosate is the most used herbicide worldwide, which has contributed to concerns about its environmental impact. Compared with most other herbicides, glyphosate has a half-life in soil and water that is relatively short (averaging about 30 d in temperate climates), mostly due to microbial degradation. Its primary microbial product, aminomethylphosphonic acid, is slightly more persistent than glyphosate. In soil, glyphosate is virtually biologically inactive due to its strong binding to soil components. Glyphosate does not bioaccumulate in organisms, largely due to its high water solubility. Glyphosate-resistant crops have greatly facilitated reduced-tillage agriculture, thereby reducing soil loss, soil compaction, carbon dioxide emissions, and fossil fuel use. Agricultural economists have projected that loss of glyphosate would result in increased cropping area, some gained by deforestation, and an increase in environmental impact quotient of weed management. Some drift doses of glyphosate to non-target plants can cause increased plant growth (hormesis) and/or increased susceptibility to plant pathogens, although these non-target effects are not well documented. The preponderance of evidence confirms that glyphosate does not harm plants by interfering with mineral nutrition and that it has no agriculturally significant effects on soil microbiota. Glyphosate has a lower environmental impact quotient than most synthetic herbicide alternatives.
Current situation regarding herbicide regulation and public perception in South America
Authors: Camargo Edinalvo Rabaioli , Zapiola Maria Luz , Avila Luis Antonio de , Garcia Milton Alejandro , Plaza Guido , Gazziero Dionísio , Hoyos Veronica 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSouth American countries are important agricultural players worldwide. Pesticides are key components of their production systems and, in some cases, complement environmentally sound systems, such as no-till, which contributes to preserving soil productivity. In this review, presented in the symposium Global Perspective on Herbicides Being Banned during the 2019 Weed Science Society of America meeting, we describe the regulatory framework and current situation of restricted and banned herbicides in South America. We also discuss where the pressure for herbicide bans is coming from and the opportunities for improving herbicide use and public perception. Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Uruguay were chosen as representative countries of the region. They all have regulatory systems in place for pesticide registration and reevaluation based on science. Glyphosate, paraquat, and some 2,4-D formulations are in the spotlight. Glyphosate is being reevaluated in Brazil and, although banned within the city limits in some cities in Argentina and Uruguay, it can still be used in agriculture. Paraquat is prohibited for aerial applications in Colombia and is the only herbicide that needs a professional prescription in Uruguay. It was reevaluated in Brazil, resulting in a use-restriction phase in effect until 2020, when it will be permanently banned. Ester formulations of 2,4-D have been banned in Brazil since the early 2000s and have restrictions in some provinces in Argentina, where 2,4-D butyl and isobutyl esters will be prohibited starting April 2021. In Uruguay, atrazine is the only herbicide banned for agricultural use. The regulatory frameworks ensure that herbicides on the market are effective and safe. Reevaluation is an important part of the system and is conducted when there are reasonable concerns. There are opportunities to continue training pesticide handlers and applicators and to communicate the importance of adopting the best management practices where herbicides are part of the production system.
Numerical Modeling of Dike Propagation Out of Continuously and Episodically Growing Midcrustal Magma Chambers
Authors: Chen Yanying , Nabelek Peter I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the continental crust, the probability of dike propagation out of magma chambers is governed by thermal, rheological, and pressure conditions of magma chamber‐wall rock systems. Incremental injection of melt into an average‐size, laccolith‐shaped, midcrustal magma chamber produces a volume of mobile magma at the bottom of the chamber that has the potential to escape as dikes through the upper, immobile portion of the chamber and the roof. Here we numerically model the conditions needed for dike propagation out of a magma chamber during continuous and episodic injections of melt into the chamber. The roles of magma buoyancy and overpressure from melt injections in generating dikes are explored within 1.78 × 104 to 1.78 × 108 Pa·s range of magma viscosities (μmag), 10 to 40 GPa range of elastic moduli (E) of the immobile top portion of the magma chamber, and 10 and 20 kyr durations of chamber growth. During episodic, high‐flux melt injections (tens of km3/yr), magma overpressure can reach >100 MPa and initiate dike propagation even when μmag and E are near the high ends of the examined ranges. The probability of generating dikes diminishes when the injection flux is lower. Continuous low‐flux injections favor magma accumulation because injection overpressure never exceeds 20 MPa. During either continuous or episodic growth of magma chamber, there is never a sufficient amount of mobile magma in the chamber for dikes to be induced by magma buoyancy alone.
Simulations of Electron Flux Oscillations as Observed by MagEIS in Response to Broadband ULF Waves
Authors: Sarris Theodore E. , Li Xinlin , Temerin Michael , Zhao Hong , Khoo Leng Ying , Turner Drew L. , Liu Wenlong , Claudepierre Seth G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCoherent electron flux oscillations of hundreds of keV are often observed by the Van Allen Probes in the magnetosphere during quiet times in association with ultralow frequency (ULF) waves. They are observed in the form of periodic flux fluctuations, with a drift frequency that is energy dependent, but are not associated with drift echoes following storm‐ or substorm‐related energetic particle injections. Instead, they are associated with the resonant interaction of electrons with ULF waves and are an indication of ongoing electron radial diffusion. To investigate details of such flux oscillations, particle‐tracing simulations are conducted under the effect of realistic, broadband ULF electric and consistent magnetic fluctuations. Virtual detectors are simulated along spacecraft orbits and the results are compared to measurements. Through a parametric study, it is found that the width of electron energy channels is a critical parameter affecting the observed amplitude of flux oscillations, with narrower energy channel widths enabling the observation of higher‐amplitude flux oscillations; this potentially explains why such features were not observed regularly before the Van Allen Probes era, as previous spacecraft generally had lower energy resolution, which only enabled the observation of large‐amplitude drift echoes following a storm or substorm. Results are confirmed using the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) ultrahigh energy resolution data. Energy width effects are quantified through a parametric simulation study that matches flux oscillation observations during a period that is characterized by extremely quiet conditions, where the Van Allen Probes observed flux oscillations over multiple days.
A Reassessment of the Chronostratigraphy of Late Miocene C3–C4 Transitions
Authors: Tauxe L. , Feakins S. J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCombining magnetostratigraphic and carbon isotopic data for the late Miocene can provide a temporal framework for an isotopic shift first documented in soil carbonate nodules of northern Pakistan. The shift has been interpreted as a change in vegetation from trees and shrubs (using the C3 photosynthetic pathway) to grassland (using the C4 pathway). The cause of the event has been hotly debated and its timing is close to a shift in carbon isotopes in the marine realm. Further understanding depends critically on chronology. Unfortunately, temporal calibration of the various records published over decades relied on different time scales. To address the lack of a consistent chronology, we have reevaluated the constraints for the carbon isotopic shifts recorded from the Indian subcontinent. These show a diachronous transition ranging in age from about 7.8 Ma in Pakistan to as late at 6 Ma in Nepal. The record from IODP Expedition 355 Site U1457, drilled on the Indus fan shows that the transition in peninsular India began at about 7.2 Ma. Similar records from the African margin saw an earlier shift to C4 dominance starting around 10 Ma and those from Australia and South America transitioned later, during the Pliocene. The diachroneity around the globe does not invalidate pCO2 as a driver, but is consistent with it being one of several drivers of the global C4 expansion.
Neural regulation of energy and bone homeostasis by the synaptic adhesion molecule Calsyntenin-3
Authors: Kim Sung-Jin , Jeong Yong Taek , Jeong Se Rok , Park Munsu , Go Hye Sun , Kim Mi Young , Seong Je Kyung , Kim Ki Woo , Seo Jeong Taeg , Kim Chul Hoon , Lee Ji Hyun , Moon Seok Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNeuronal regulation of energy and bone metabolism is important for body homeostasis. Many studies have emphasized the importance of synaptic adhesion molecules in the formation of synapses, but their roles in physiology still await further characterization. Here, we found that the synaptic adhesion molecule Calsyntenin-3 (CLSTN3) regulates energy and bone homeostasis.Clstn3global knockout mice show reduced body mass with improved leptin sensitivity and increased energy expenditure compared to their wild-type littermates. In addition,Clstn3knockout mice show reduced marrow volume and cortical bone mass without alteration of trabecular bone microarchitecture. This reduced bone mass is not bone cell-autonomous because neither osteoblast- nor osteoclast-specificClstn3knockout mice show bone defects; similarly, in vitro cultures of bothClstn3knockout osteoblasts and osteoclasts do not show any defects. These reduced body and bone mass phenotypes can be attributed instead to neuronal CLSTN3 because they are recapitulated by pan-neuronal but not sympathetic neuron-specific deletion ofClstn3. This study reveals novel physiological functions of neuronalClstn3as a key regulator of energy and bone homeostasis.