bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide comparison of Carnobacterium maltaromaticum derived from diseased fish harbouring important virulence‐related genes
Authors: Roh HyeongJin , Kim Bo Seong , Lee Mu Kun , Park Chan‐Il , Kim Do‐Hyung 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough Carnobacterium maltaromaticum has been used as a probiotic in fish, it was reported to cause disease for the first time in Korea. The objective of this study was to understand the differences between pathogenic and non‐pathogenic strains. Pathogenicity was tested by challenging rainbow trout with C. maltaromaticum ATCC35586 and 18ISCm isolated from diseased fish, and DSM20342 isolated from a dairy product. We also compared 24 genomes of C. maltaromaticum strains plus the genome of our isolate 18ISCm sequenced in this study. Only the strains from diseased fish caused high mortality with severe histopathological changes. Although all strains shared more than 90% of Ko_id, wecC and xtmA were found only in strains from diseased fish. Interestingly, only strains from diseased fish harboured two wecC paralogs involved in the production of D‐mannosaminuronic acid which is a major component of a well‐known virulence factor, teichuronic acid. Two wecC paralogs of 18ISCm were increased when they were co‐cultured with trout blood cells, suggesting that wecC genes might play a role in virulence. The results of this study show that strains isolated from diseased fish are different from strains derived from food in terms of pathogenicity to fish and the presence of virulence‐related genes.
Palliative care in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Laube Robyn , Sabih Abdul‐Hamid , Strasser Simone I , Lim Lynn , Cigolini Maria , Liu Ken 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma is a common cancer with a poor prognosis, associated with high economic costs and a significant burden of disease. While it is often asymptomatic in the early stages, patients may experience great discomfort from advanced disease, treatment adverse effects, or decompensation of underlying cirrhosis. Palliative care has the potential to markedly improve quality of life, physical, and psychological symptoms in patients with end‐stage liver disease, and has been shown to prolong survival in some nonhepatocellular carcinoma malignancies. However, this service is underutilized in hepatocellular carcinoma, and referrals are frequently late due to factors such as stigmatization, inadequate resources, lack of education for nonpalliative care physicians and inadequate modeling for integration of palliative and supportive care within liver disease services. In the future, education workshops, population‐based awareness campaigns, increased funding and improved models of care, may improve the uptake of palliative care and subsequently optimize patient care, particularly towards the end of life.
Peripheral neuropathy symptoms in wild type transthyretin amyloidosis
Authors: Wajnsztajn Yungher Fernanda , Kim Arreum , Boehme Amelia , Kleyman Inna , Weimer Louis H , Maurer Mathew S , Brannagan Thomas H 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo propose a correlation between polyneuropathy and ATTRwt based on retrospective analysis of patients with ATTRwt. We reviewed 151 ATTRwt patients followed by the amyloid cardiac clinic (group A) for symptoms of neuropathy and 12 patients with ATTRwt evaluated in the Neurology Department (group B) with objective measures of neuropathy. Medical history, electrodiagnosis, laboratory and skin biopsies were assessed; 30.5% of group A had neuropathy symptoms. Alternative explanations for neuropathy symptoms were explored, including, age, gender, BMI, diabetes mellitus, B12 deficiency. No difference was observed for BMI, age, gender and spine disease for those with and without neuropathic symptoms (P > .05). All of group B (n = 12) were diagnosed with neuropathy, confirmed by electrodiagnostic testing or skin biopsy, while two patients had not yet developed cardiac symptoms. We observe a higher prevalence of neuropathic symptoms in ATTRwt patients than previously believed. Neuropathic symptoms may precede cardiac symptoms. Our findings suggest a possible causative relationship that requires further investigation.
The Geometry of the roots of the Brachial Plexus
Authors: Wade Ryckie G. , Bligh Emily R. , Nar Kieran , Stone Rebecca S. , Roberts David J , Teh Irvin , Bourke Grainne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDiffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) can be used to reconstruct the brachial plexus in 3D via tracts connecting contiguous diffusion tensors with similar primary eigenvector orientations. When creating DTI tractograms, the turning angle of connecting lines (step angle) must be prescribed by the user; however, the literature is lacking detailed geometry of brachial plexus to inform such decisions. Therefore, the spinal cord and brachial plexus of 10 embalmed adult cadavers were exposed bilaterally by posterior dissection. Photographs were taken under standardised conditions and spatially calibrated in MATLAB. The roots of the brachial plexus were traced from the dorsal root entry zone for 5 cm laterally using a 2.5‐mm2 Cartesian grid overlay. The trace was composed of points connected by lines, and the turning angle between line segments (the step angle) was resolved. Our data show that the geometry of the roots increased in tortuosity from C5 to T1, with no significant differences between sides. The 1st thoracic root had the most tortuous course, turning through a maximum angle of 56° per 2.5 mm (99% CI 44° to 70°). Significantly higher step angles and greater variability were observed in the medial 2 cm of the roots of the brachial plexus, where the dorsal and ventral rootlets coalesce to form the spinal root. Throughout the brachial plexus, the majority of step angles (>50%) were smaller than 20° and <1% of step angles exceeded 70°. The geometry of the brachial plexus increases in tortuosity from C5 to T1. To reconstruct 99% of tracts representing the roots of the brachial plexus by DTI tractography, users can either customise the step angle per root based on our findings or select a universal threshold of 70°.
Maternal Education, Family Formation, and Child Development: The Continuing Significance of Race
Authors: Conwell Jordan A. , Doren Catherine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveFamily formation patterns and their attendant benefits for children have diverged by maternal education in recent decades, but has there been racial variation in these trends?BackgroundTheories of intersectionality and structural racism suggest that relationships between women's educational attainment, family formation, and benefits for children may differ between Black, Hispanic, and White women who have completed the same amount of schooling.MethodUsing longitudinal data on mothers and children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–11 (
https://nces.ed.gov/ecls/kindergarten2011.asp), descriptive statistics examine racial variation within maternal education groups on a number of family formation characteristics. A series of regression analyses, stratified by maternal education, assess racial differences (by mother's race) in reading scores at school entry among children of same‐education mothers and reveal the extent to which variation in family patterns accounts for such differences.ResultsBlack and, to a lesser extent, Hispanic mothers often (although not always) have significantly different family formation patterns compared with same‐education White mothers. Controlling for these family characteristics largely attenuates and sometimes fully reverses significant Black–White gaps in children's school‐entry reading achievement within maternal education groups but does less to account for Hispanic–White gaps.ConclusionRace continues to have a structural influence on many family and child outcomes, over and above maternal education, particularly for Black mothers relative to same‐education White mothers.
Nollywood phenomenon: “The Nollywood phenomenon: Innovation, openness, and technological opportunism in the modeling of successful African entrepreneurship”
Authors: Oguamanam Chidi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Nigerian movie industry, known as Nollywood, has attracted an impressive degree of research interest since its debut in the 1990s, resulting in a dedicated transdisciplinary research niche called Nollywood studies. Nollywood is situated as disruptive of historic and contemporary African movie culture, underscoring Nollywood's significance as a phenomenon “fundamental to Africa's self‐representation.” In this study, we examine Nollywood in relation to its collaborative model of innovation, its unique form of openness and other factors implicated in its creative diffusion as a phenomenon across Africa and its diaspora. We also explore Nollywood's emergence as an unexpected creative force in the world of entertainment. The study evaluates the evolutionary interface between technology and entrepreneurship as a dynamic process in the progress and transformation of Nollywood. Complementing the issue of technology, as a factor in Nollywood's evolution, the study identifies a complex aggregation of other factors, including culture, ethnicity, marketing and entrepreneurial ingenuity, liberal art infrastructure and Nigeria's abundant social capital and how they have coalesced to put entertainment alongside oil and agriculture as one of the highest employers of labour and as a surprising dispenser of economic oxygen in Africa's most populous country and its largest economy. Our starting premise is that Nollywood owes its evolution to technological innovation and many unexplored contextual contingencies. The study also identifies and examines forms of openness in Nollywood, within and outside of existing paradigms, and how they factor into the industry's success. Nollywood operates in a fluid borderline between formal and informal frameworks. In Nollywood, a pragmatic and evolving approach to intellectual property systems and openness reflects aspects of its unique business model with contextual sensitivity and, in a way, advances its transnationalisation, albeit counter intuitively. Nollywood represents a grassroots indigenous entrepreneurial cultural initiative. Our project provides insights into the scalability potential of the Nollywood phenomenon and its cross‐sectoral ramifications for innovation and entrepreneurship on the African continent. The study applies a combination of methodological strategies aimed at eliciting, reifying and drawing substantively on industry practitioners’ voices and perspectives. It taps into stakeholders’ mastery, institutional history, and knowledge of Nollywood's evolution and its modus operandi.
EU‐Australia FTA: Challenges and potential points of convergence for negotiations in geographical indications
Authors: Kneller Elyse 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSince June 18, 2018, the European Union (EU) and Australia have been negotiating an ambitious and comprehensive free trade agreement (FTA). This paper examines how geographical indications (GIs) are likely to fare in those negotiations, given that Australia and the EU have historically clashed over agricultural policy in international trade and have opposing legal approaches to protecting GIs, apart from wines. Specifically, this paper is concerned with the main challenges facing the EU and Australia on GI‐related matters, as well as the main areas of convergence between both Parties. It begins with an outline of the EU and Australia's current GI legislative frameworks, before exploring both Party's respective interests for including them in the intellectual property chapter of the FTA. Then, it identifies and analyses the main challenges confronting the GI discussions and concludes by determining the main potential points of convergence. This paper is relevant to understand the current relationship between the EU and Australia on GIs, the relative stakes for concluding ambitious GI provisions in the FTA, and the retrospective comparison of GI reform after this agreement has been implemented.
The balance between deterministic and stochastic processes in structuring lake bacterioplankton community over time
Authors: Aguilar Pablo , Sommaruga Ruben 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOne major goal in microbial ecology is to establish the importance of deterministic and stochastic processes for community assembly. This is relevant to explain and predict how diversity changes at different temporal scales. However, understanding of the relative quantitative contribution of these processes and particularly of how they may change over time is limited. Here, we assessed the importance of deterministic and stochastic processes based on the analysis of the bacterial microbiome in one alpine oligotrophic and in one subalpine mesotrophic lake, which were sampled over two consecutive years at different time scales. We found that in both lakes, homogeneous selection (i.e., a deterministic process) was the main assembly process at the annual scale and explained 66.7% of the bacterial community turnover, despite differences in diversity and temporal variability patterns between ecosystems. However, in the alpine lake, homogenizing dispersal (i.e., a stochastic process) was the most important assembly process at the short‐term (daily and weekly) sampling scale and explained 55% of the community turnover. Alpha diversity differed between lakes, and seasonal stability of the bacterial community was more evident in the oligotrophic lake than in the mesotrophic one. Our results demonstrate how important forces that govern temporal changes in bacterial communities act at different time scales. Overall, our study validates on a quantitative basis, the importance and dominance of deterministic processes in structuring bacterial communities in freshwater environments over long time scales.
New developments in esophageal function testing and esophageal manifestations of connective tissue disorders
Authors: Akiyama Junichi , Sumida Junko , Nakagawa Kenichiro , Masamune Atsushi , Issariyakulkarn Navapan , Patcharatrakul Tanisa , Shetler Katerina , Kuribayashi Shiko , Uraoka Toshio , Triadafilopoulos George 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work summarizes new and emerging metrics and tools in esophageal function testing and their potential clinical impact. Because the diagnostic sensitivity and reliability of conventional impedance‐pH variables are suboptimal, several novel impedance parameters, such as the postreflux swallow–induced peristaltic wave index and the mean nocturnal baseline impedance, as well as mucosal impedance, are entering a validation stage prior to general clinical use. The accurate diagnosis of behavioral disorders in patients with rumination syndrome and supragastric belching using ambulatory multiple intraluminal impedance‐pH can lead directly to behavioral interventions in patients with refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). New provocative measures, such as multiple rapid swallows and the rapid drink challenge, have been developed to overcome the limitations of standard high‐resolution esophageal manometry, aiming at further clarifying esophageal dysmotility. Furthermore, the current diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in patients with esophageal involvement in Sjogren's syndrome and scleroderma, who tend to have severe forms of GERD, are entering a new investigative and clinical phase.
Bronchiolitis and recurrent wheezing are distinguished by type 2 innate lymphoid cells and immune response
Authors: Sastre Beatriz , García‐García María Luz , Cañas José Antonio , Calvo Cristina , Rodrigo‐Muñoz José Manuel , Casas Inmaculada , Mahíllo‐Fernández Ignacio , del Pozo Victoria 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent wheezing (RW) is frequently developed in infants that have suffered bronchiolitis (BCH) during first months of life, but the immune mechanism underlying is not clear. The goal was to analyze the innate immune response that characterizes BCH and RW.MethodsNinety‐eight and seventy hospitalized infants with BCH or RW diagnosis, respectively, were included. Nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) was processed. Cellular pellet was employed to evaluate type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) by flow cytometry and mRNA expression assays by semi‐quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). In supernatant, twenty‐seven pro‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory factors, as well as lipid mediators and nitrites, were evaluated by ELISA and Luminex.ResultsBronchiolitis patients showed higher ILC2 percentage compared with RW (P < .05). Also, ST2+/ILC2 percentage was higher in the BCH group than in the RW group (P < .01). TLR3, IL33, IFNG, IL10, and FLG mRNA levels were significantly increased in BCH vs RW (P < .05). In supernatant, no significant differences were reached, observing similar levels of parameters linked to vascular damage, monocyte activation, and fibroblast growth. Prostaglandin E2 and cysteinyl leukotrienes C4 were evaluated; a significant difference was only found in their ratio.ConclusionBronchiolitis is associated with elevated nasal percentage of ILC2. This cellular population could be the key element in the differential immune response between BCH and RW which share some mechanisms such us monocyte activation, vascular damage, and fibroblast repair. Lipid mediators could play a role in the evolution of the disease later in life through innate lymphoid cells.
TAC4 controls tiller angle by regulating the endogenous auxin content and distribution in rice
Authors: Li Hua , Sun Hongying , Jiang Jiahuang , Sun Xianyou , Tan Lubin , Sun Chuanqing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTiller angle, an important component of plant architecture, greatly influences the grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Here, we identified Tiller Angle Control 4 (TAC4) as a novel regulator of rice tiller angle. TAC4 encodes a plant‐specific, highly conserved nuclear protein. The loss of TAC4 function leads to a significant increase in the tiller angle. TAC4 can regulate rice shoot gravitropism by increasing the indole acetic acid content and affecting the auxin distribution. A sequence analysis revealed that TAC4 has undergone a bottleneck and become fixed in indica cultivars during domestication and improvement. Our findings facilitate an increased understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of tiller angle and also provide a potential gene resource for the improvement of rice plant architecture.
Fundamentality in metaphysics and the philosophy of physics. Part I: Metaphysics
Authors: Morganti Matteo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis is the first part of a two‐tier overview article on fundamentality in metaphysics and the philosophy of physics. It provides an introduction to the notion of fundamentality in metaphysics, as well as to several related concepts. The key issues in the contemporary debate on the topic are summarized, making systematic reference to the most relevant literature. In particular, various ways in which the fundamental entities and the fundamental structure of reality may be conceived are illustrated and discussed. A final brief section looks at the methodological issue of naturalism, paving the way for the survey of fundamentality in the philosophy of physics which is carried out in the second part.
Conceptual engineering as concept preservation
Authors: Lindauer Matthew 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the burgeoning philosophical literature on conceptual engineering improving our concepts is typically portrayed as the hallmark activity of the field. However, Herman Cappelen has challenged the idea that we can know how and why conceptual changes occur well enough to actively intervene in revising our concepts; the mechanisms of conceptual change are typically inscrutable to us. If the ‘inscrutability challenge’ is correct, the practical aspect of conceptual engineering may seem to be undermined, but I argue that endorsing such pessimism would be a mistake. Even if the inscrutability challenge is correct, conceptual engineers often have good reasons to try to preserve existing concepts. I examine several cases where concept preservation is important and draw lessons about this activity for conceptual engineers.
Development of a family resiliency model to care of patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Fitryasari Rizki , Nursalam Nursalam , Yusuf Ah , Hargono Rachmat , Lin Esther Ching‐Lan , Tristiana Rr Dian 
Published: July 2020

Families who care for schizophrenia suffer stress and lose the ability to treat. Family stress can be mediated by resilience. Objective: This study aimed to develop a family resilience model based on family‐centred nursing for persons with schizophrenia. This study used a mixed‐method cross‐sectional approach. The population was a family of caregivers for persons with schizophrenia at Mental Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia. The respondents were 137 families recruited by simple random sampling. Variables include family factors, risk factors, protective factors, patient factors, family stress, family resilience and family ability to care for persons with schizophrenia. The data were collected using questionnaires and then analysed with partial least squares. The statistical results afforded material for focus group discussions with six families and 10 health workers (psychiatrists, psychologists and nurses) in order to improve the model. The result showed family stress was influenced by family factors (path coefficient = −0.145; t = 2.26), risk factors (path coefficient = 0.753; t = 16.7) and patient factors (path coefficient = 0.159; t = 3.23). Family resilience is influenced by risk factors (path coefficient = 0.316; t = 2.60), protective factors (path coefficient = 0.176; t = 2.22) and family stress (path coefficient = 0.298; t = 2.54). Family resilience affects the family ability to treat persons with schizophrenia (path coefficient = 0.366; t = 5.36). The family resilience model increases family capability by 13.4%. The model helps families through stress management by controlling the burden and stigma so that families are able to survive, rise, growing stronger and be better at caring for persons with schizophrenia.
Seroprevalence of Torque Teno Virus in hemodialysis and renal transplant patients in Australia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Davis Joshua S. , Chu Ginger , Pathinayake Prabuddhua , Jones Denise , Giffard Phil , Macera Lisa , Choi Peter , Bartlett Nathan W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionTorque teno virus (TTV) is a non‐pathogenic anellovirus commonly found in the blood of human beings. Emerging data suggest that TTV viral load is proportional to the degree of immunosuppression, but its seroprevalence is unknown in Australia. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of TTV in an Australian population of renal patients.MethodsWe developed a real‐time PCR to measure TTV viral load, using the TaqMan platform and previously published primers and probes. Following ethics approval and informed consent, we collected blood from hemodialysis patients not receiving immunosuppression, and renal transplant patients. All patients were recruited from a single teaching hospital in New South Wales.ResultsWe enrolled 50 hemodialysis and 30 renal transplant patients. 56 (70%) were males, and the mean (sd) age was 61 (16) years. TTV was detectable in plasma of 40/50 (80%) of hemodialysis patients and 28/30 (93%) of transplant patients. The mean TTV viral load was higher in transplant patients than in dialysis patients (6.3 log versus 5.0 log copies/ml, P = .001).ConclusionsTorque teno virus is prevalent in Australian renal patients and thus may be a useful novel marker to help tailor immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplant patients. Further work is needed to establish TTV seroprevalence in other regions and patient groups, and to investigate whether there is correlation with clinically important events (infection and rejection episodes) in longitudinal studies.