bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microalbuminuria (Moderate Albumin Excretion) and its relationship with Silent myocardial ischemia in treatment naïve type II diabetic patients
Authors: Hussain Qurban , Bukhari Mulazim Hussain , Afzaal Faiza , Fatima Wajiha 
Published: February 2020

Objective: To determine the frequency of microalbuminuria (MAU) or Moderate Albumin Excretion (MAE) in treatment naïve type II diabetic patients and to compare the frequency of silent myocardial ischemia in treatment naive Type-II diabetic patients with and without microalbuminuria.
Methods: It was a cross sectional survey conducted in the outpatient Department, Jinnah Hospital Lahore, from 30th May 2015 to 29th November 2015. There were 227 patients, (consecutive treatment naïve type II diabetic patients), presenting to outpatient department were enrolled in the study. MAU/MAE, silent myocardial ischemia and effect modifiers like HbA1C > 7%, smoking pack years and dyslipidemia was determined. MAU/MAE was determined by urinary albumin excretion rate of 30-300 mg/24 hours and included patients underwent exercise tolerance test to diagnose silent myocardial ischemia.
Results: Out of total 165 patients (72.7%) were male and remaining 62 patients (27.3%) were female. The 54 patients (23.8%) had MAU/MAE. The 44 patients (19.4%) had silent myocardial infarction. When we cross tabulated microalbuminuria with silent myocardial infarction, result were significant. Out of 54 patients with MAU/MAE, 16 cases had silent myocardial infarction.
Conclusion: The frequency of microalbuminuria/ Moderate Albumin Excretion in treatment naïve type II diabetic patients was high and associated with the frequency of silent myocardial ischemia in treatment naïve type II diabetic patients with and without MAU MAU/MAE.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.938
How to cite this:Hussain Q, Bukhari MH, Afzaal F, Fatima W. Microalbuminuria (Moderate Albumin Excretion) and its relationship with Silent myocardial ischemia in treatment naïve type II diabetic patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):496-500. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.938
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Stress and compassion fatigue in veterinary nurses in New Zealand
Authors: Harvey Laura C , Cameron Kristie E 
Published: February 2020

Background: Stress and compassion fatigue are widely acknowledged as prevalent in workers in ‘caring’ roles, however this has not been widely documented in New Zealand veterinary nurses. Aim: This project aimed to investigate the prevalence of stress and compassion fatigue in New Zealand veterinary nurses. Method: Using an online survey, veterinary nurses were asked to self-report their incidence of stress or compassion fatigue felt as a result of their working environment. Veterinary nurses were also asked to report the ways in which they cope with stress and compassion fatigue, and their likelihood of changing jobs. Results: There were 288 responses to the survey. Of these, 94% of respondents reported feeling stressed and 82% reported experiencing compassion fatigue as a result of their work. 30% of respondents reported an increase in the consumption of alcohol/cigarettes and drugs as a result of stress. Most respondents reported managing their stress and compassion fatigue by talking to colleagues or family. A large number of respondents reported having considered a career change at some stage due to stress or compassion fatigue. Conclusion: This research demonstrates a high incidence of stress and compassion fatigue in New Zealand veterinary nurses, with a low percentage of those seeking professional support. Further investigation into combatable causal factors for stress as it differs from compassion fatigue is warranted to ultimately offer support to veterinary nurses to continue their vocation.
Fiber-based phase-sensitive optical amplifiers and their applications
Authors: Andrekson Peter A. , Karlsson Magnus 
Published: February 2020

Optical parametric amplifiers rely on second-order susceptibility (three-wave mixing) or third-order susceptibility (four-wave mixing) in a nonlinear process where the energy of incoming photons is not changed (elastic scattering). In the latter case, two pump photons are converted to a signal and to an idler photon. Under certain conditions, related to the phase evolution of the waves involved, this conversion can be very efficient, resulting in large amplification of an input signal. As the nonlinear process can be very fast, all-optical applications aside from pure amplification are also possible. If the amplifier is implemented in an optical input-phase-sensitive manner, it is possible to amplify a signal wave without excess noise, i.e., with a noise figure of 0 dB. In this paper, we will provide the fundamental concepts and theory of such amplifiers, with a focus on their implementation in highly nonlinear optical fibers relying on four-wave mixing. We will discuss the distinctions between phase-insensitive and phase-sensitive operation and include several experimental results to illustrate their capability. Different applications of parametric amplifiers are also discussed, including their use in optical communication links.
39  W narrow spectral linewidth monolithic ytterbium-doped fiber MOPA system operating at 976  nm
Authors: Valero Nicolas , Feral Christophe , Lhermite Jéróme , Petit Stephane , Royon Romain , Bardin Yves-Vincent , Goeppner Mathieu , Dixneuf Clément , Guiraud Germain , Proulx Antoine , Taillon Yves , Cormier Eric 
Published: February 2020

We report on a monolithic narrow spectral linewidth master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) delivering up to 39 W around 976 nm with very high contrast. The amplifier is based on an ytterbium-doped large mode area (LMA) octagonal double clad (DC) active fiber with parameters optimized for long living three-level operation.
Heterodyne phase-shift-amplified interferometry with improved shot-noise-limited sensitivity and immunity to RIN
Authors: Liokumovitch Egor , Sternklar Shmuel 
Published: February 2020

Phase-shift-amplified interferometry (PAI) is demonstrated using a heterodyne detection scheme. We demonstrate a sensitivity amplification factor of 35, giving

7.9
⋅

10

−
4

rad, or 40 pm displacement, resolution. This was achieved due to the improved immunity of PAI to the total relative intensity noise (RIN) of the system. In addition, we predict a factor of

2

fundamental improvement to shot-noise-limited phase-shift sensitivity as compared to a regular heterodyne Mach–Zehnder interferometer.
Multioctave and reconfigurable frequency-stepped radar waveform generation based on an optical frequency shifting loop
Authors: Zhang Yamei , Liu Ce , Shao Kunlin , Li Zhaoyu , Pan Shilong 
Published: February 2020

A photonic method for multioctave and reconfigurable frequency-stepped radar waveform generation is proposed and experimentally demonstrated based on an optical frequency shifting loop (OFSL). When a rectangular optical pulse is applied to the OFSL, a frequency-stepped optical signal can be generated. Beating the signal with another continuous-wave optical carrier, an electrical frequency-stepped waveform can be obtained. By meticulously adjusting the relations between the time duration of the rectangular optical pulse and the loop delay of the OFSL, the frequency-hopping rate (or the frequency-hopping period) of the generated frequency-stepped signal can be reconfigured. An experiment is carried out. The generation of frequency-stepped signals with frequency intervals of 1 GHz, 3 GHz, 5 GHz, 8 GHz, and 10 GHz is realized. The reconfigurability of the frequency-hopping period is also investigated and different frequency-hopping periods of 189, 10.2, 5.1, and 2.42 ns are achieved.
Ultrahigh finesse cavity-enhanced spectroscopy for accurate tests of quantum electrodynamics for molecules
Authors: Zaborowski Mikołaj , Słowiński Michał , Stankiewicz Kamil , Thibault Franck , Cygan Agata , Jóźwiak Hubert , Kowzan Grzegorz , Masłowski Piotr , Nishiyama Akiko , Stolarczyk Nikodem , Wójtewicz Szymon , Ciuryło Roman , Lisak Daniel , Wcisło Piotr 
Published: February 2020

We report the most accurate, to the best of our knowledge, measurement of the position of the weak quadrupole S(2) 2–0 line in

D

2

. The spectra were collected with a frequency-stabilized cavity ringdown spectrometer (FS-CRDS) with an ultrahigh finesse optical cavity (

F

=
637
000

) and operating in the frequency-agile, rapid scanning spectroscopy (FARS) mode. Despite working in the Doppler-limited regime, we reached 40 kHz of statistical uncertainty and 161 kHz of absolute accuracy, achieving the highest accuracy for homonuclear isotopologues of molecular hydrogen. The accuracy of our measurement corresponds to the fifth significant digit of the leading term in quantum electrodynamics (QED) correction. We observe

2.3
σ

discrepancy with the recent theoretical value.
Le rôle des corvées dans le système des redevances acquittées par les habitants des villages de ius Valachicum en Petite-Pologne et en Ruthénie de la Couronne aux XVe et XVIe siècles
Authors: Jawor Grzegorz 
Published: February 2020

The Role of Serfdoms in the Obligation System of the Inhabitants of Villages on the Wallachian Law in Lesser Poland (Małopolska) and Crown Ruthenia (15th-16th century).
The aim of the article is an attempt to define a role of serfdoms in the system of obligations provided by the population living in the settlements established on the Wallachian law. On the basis of a critical analysis of a relatively numerous sources preserved from the region in question (in particular, the documents associated with the rights given to individual villages, inventories, and royal domain), an attempt was made to verify the common belief in the scholarship on this topic about the lack of, or at least the minimum, share of the serfdoms for the owners in the obligation system of the inhabitants. As a result, a specific feature of the Wallachian law was indicated, which was the obligation – elsewhere unknown or occurring only in minute traces – of performing small errands a few times in a year for the benefit of the dukes (kniaź). It was recorded throughout the entire studied period and in all of the areas partaking in the Wallachian colonisation. In contrast, there are many more doubts regarding the conviction about a complete lack of serfdoms for the owners of villages. The presented source material indicates that there were indeed settlements to which this duty did not apply (and perhaps this situation was even dominating), but in other places the older and usually less strenuous forms of labours were present (annual works, duties “under the order”, ect.), while the attempts to impose weekly serfdoms date back to the 1530s and 1540s. Its widespread implementation in the areas outside of mountains is strictly linked to the development of a grange, set up for the production of grain. For the Wallachian settlements this meant a limitation, and then a thorough disposal of their privileged legal status. It is not a matter of coincidence that this colonising tendency was clearly restrained at the turn of the 16th and 17th century. This fate was avoided only be the villages situated in a typically mountainous area where the natural conditions prevented the production of crops on a large scale. Populations living therein – that were ruled by the Wallachian law – lasted longer and the processes of assimilation and integration with the local surroundings took place more slowly.
Stolen wealth, perpetrators and punishments in Moldova (17th century – early 18th century)
Authors: Chelcu Cătălina 
Published: February 2020

For the historical period we refer to, no proper inventories have been made containing the unjustly appropriated goods. They are just mentioned as such or listed, if that was the case, according to the size of the damage. There are also documentary sources in which the object of the theft is less represented, the justice system focusing in those cases rather on the wrongdoers, than on the wrong actions. That is why, the blood money “paid for some reason”, with no other specific details, is quite frequently cited. Rare or frequent, these documents are complaints addressed by the victim to the Prince and his officials, documents in which the perpetrators admitted their fault, or deeds issued by the judicial authority subsequent to the investigation of the criminal act. In discussing the theft of/from the wealth, i.e. from the whole amount of the available goods, we are interested in clarifying some aspects pertaining to a reality that the historian should reconstruct, with all the complexity of its evolution: the motivations of the theft and its circumstances, the types of theft, the social categories involved, the time and space of the misdemeanour, the perpetrators’ punishment. Briefly, the study is about starting to write a history of the reprehensible acts liable to punishments for theft and robbery in 17th and early 18th century Moldavia.
On the analysis of a geometrically selective turbulence model
Authors: Chorfi Nejmeddine , Abdelwahed Mohamed , Berselli Luigi C. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper we propose some new non-uniformly-elliptic/damping regularizations of the Navier-Stokes equations, with particular emphasis on the behavior of the vorticity. We consider regularized systems which are inspired by the Baldwin-Lomax and by the selective Smagorinsky model based on vorticity angles, and which can be interpreted as Large Scale methods for turbulent flows. We consider damping terms which are active at the level of the vorticity. We prove the main a priori estimates and compactness results which are needed to show existence of weak and/or strong solutions, both in velocity/pressure and velocity/vorticity formulation for various systems. We start with variants of the known ones, going later on to analyze the new proposed models.
Design and evaluation of a new intersection model to minimize congestions using VISSIM software
Authors: Fabianova Jana , Michalik Peter , Janekova Jaroslava , Fabian Michal 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTraffic modelling and simulation is one of the frequent tools used in road infrastructure design. Software tools designed for traffic simulations are an important supportive tool in decision-making and in choosing the optimal solution. The aim of this paper is to introduce the application of the VISSIM program, in the design and testing a model of the traffic-light-controlled intersection. The traffic on the selected congested intersection is modelled and simulated first for the current state, then for two models with modifications that are to increase the throughput of the intersection. The monitored criterion of the intersection throughput is the length of queues. Both adjustments have led to a significant reduction of the number of vehicles waiting in direction of the greatest congestions. In the first model, the average line length was reduced by 75%, and in the second model, the modifications lead to a fluent passage of right-turn vehicles and a significant reduction in vehicle lines for other directions.
Mapping Evaluation, Appraisal and Stance in Discourse (2000–2015): A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Li Jing , Lei Lei , Cheng Le 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present study employs a bibliometric analysis to examine the research trends in the field ofevaluation,appraisalandstance. The bibliometric information of publications between 2000 and 2015 was retrieved from the Web of Science SSCI Core Collection database. The indicators analyzed include the number of publications by year, most frequently explored topics, most cited works, major individual contributors, publication venues, distribution among countries/regions and institutions. Our findings showed that the annual publications increased dramatically, revealing an upward trend in this research field. The results concerning the most frequently addressed topics suggested that EAP has been a fruitful domain in terms of the evaluative dimension of discourse. Besides, future research will feature more discipline-specific and language-specific empirical studies and comparative cross-linguistic studies. Pedagogical applications of evaluation research also need to be explored. Citation results indicated that the groundbreaking monographs in this field generate the highest citation counts, and that the most cited works cover a variety of sub-fields of linguistics, which may further prove the heterogeneous nature of the evaluative dimension of language.
A Corpus-based Study of Transfers in English Nominal Groups
Authors: He Qingshun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article investigates the possibility to form determiner complexes in English nominal groups and the potential of leftward transfer of functional elements in nominal groups. The research finds that it is not possible to form hypotactic determiner complexes; rather there are hypotactic numeral complexes, hypotactic Epithet adjective complexes, hypotactic Classifier noun complexes and hypotactic Thing noun complexes, and the words for all the slots have the potential to form paratactic complexes. The corpus-based research confirms the potential of leftward transfer in nominal groups. Thereby, four types of shifts were identified: the shift from the Thing noun to the Classifier noun or adjective is a process of metaphorization from the group rank to the word rank; (2) the shift from the Classifier adjective to the Epithet2 adjective is a process of subjectification from the distinctive to the nondistinctive features of the Thing noun within the domain of ideational metafunction; (3) the shift from the Epithet2 adjective to the Epithet1 adjective is a process of subjectification from the domain of ideational metafunction to that of interpersonal metafunction; (4) the shift from the Epithet1 adjective to the post-Deictic adjective is a process of grammaticalization from the open-set attitude adjectives to the closed-set attitude adjectives.
Microencapsulation of Pigments by Directly Spray-Drying of Anthocyanins Extracts from Blueberry Pomace: Chemical Characterization and Extraction Modeling
Authors: Lu Yushuang , Liang Xianrui , Cheng Lishuang , Fang Sheng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an environmentally friendly process to extract anthocyanins from blueberry pomace using water as a solvent and directly microencapsulate anthocyanins by spray drying. The anthocyanins in water and ethanol extracts were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The malvidin-3-O-galactoside and malvidin-3-O-glucoside were identified as the main anthocyanins in the blueberry pomace. The anthocyanins profiles of water extracts were similar to that by ethanol extraction. The effects of extraction parameters including solid-to-liquid ratio and temperature on the extraction efficiency and anthocyanins concentration were studied. The blueberry anthocyanins degraded at temperatures higher than 60 °C and all anthocyanins showed similar degradation tendency. The result showed that the artificial neural network (ANN) modeling could be well used to portray the effects of these parameters. Finally, the water extracts were successfully spray dried to produce microencapsulation of blueberry anthocyanins with maltodextrin (MD) as wall materials.
Analysis of a Convective-Radiative Continuously Moving Fin with Temperature-Dependent Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Ndlovu Partner L. , Moitsheki Raseelo J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this article, the differential transform method (DTM) is used to solve the nonlinear boundary value problems describing heat transfer in continuously moving fins undergoing convective-radiative heat dissipation. The thermal conductivity is variable and temperature dependent. The surface of the moving fin is assumed to be gray with a constant emissivity ɛ. The flow in the surrounding medium provides a constant heat transfer coefficient h over the entire surface of the moving fins. The effects of some physical parameters such as the Peclet number, Pe, thermal conductivity parameter, β, convection-conduction parameter, N

c
, radiation-conduction parameter, N

r
, and dimensionless convection-radiation sink temperature, θ

a
, on the temperature distribution are illustrated and explained.
Existence, Uniqueness and Stability of Implicit Switched Coupled Fractional Differential Equations of ψ$\boldsymbol{\psi}$-Hilfer Type
Authors: Ahmad Manzoor , Zada Akbar , Wang Xiaoming 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this article, we study the existence and uniqueness of solutions of a switched coupled implicit ψ-Hilfer fractional differential system. The existence and uniqueness results are obtained by using fixed point techniques. Further, we investigate different kinds of stability such as Hyers–Ulam stability and Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the obtained results.
A Short Note on the Determinant of a Sylvester–Kac Type Matrix
Authors: da Fonseca Carlos M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Sylvester–Kac matrix, also known as Clement matrix, has many extensions and applications. The evaluation of determinant and spectra of many of its generalizations sometimes are hard to compute. Recently, E. Kılıç and T. Arikan proposed an extension the Sylvester–Kac matrix, where the main diagonal is a 2-periodic sequence. They found its determinant using a spectral technique. In this short note, we provide a simple proof for that result by calculating directly the determinant.
Lump and Lump–Kink Soliton Solutions of an Extended Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli Equation
Authors: Guo Han-Dong , Xia Tie-Cheng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the extended Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli equation (eBLMP) is first proposed, and by Ma’s [1] method, a class of lump and lump–kink soliton solutions is explicitly generated by symbolic computations. The propagation orbit, velocity and extremum of the lump solutions on (x,y) plane are studied in detail. Interaction solutions composed of lump and kink soliton are derived by means of choosing appropriate real values on obtained parameter solutions. Furthermore, 3-dimensional plots, 2-dimensional curves, density plots and contour plots with particular choices of the involved parameters are depicted to demonstrate the dynamic characteristics of the presented lump and lump–kink solutions for the potential function v = 2ln( f(x))
x
.
From linguistics to litigation: Reflections on the legal aspects of reversing language shift
Authors: Viangalli François 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Corsican language is in a paradoxical situation characterized, on the one hand, by a decline in its use which is directly related to strong political action by the French Republic in favour of a complete centralization of the language in the country – which began in the middle of the nineteenth century as regards Corsica in particular – and, on the other hand, by a strong political desire, expressed by a large majority of the population and carried out by the Corsican Assembly, to initiate a real program of linguistic revitalization in order to grant the language of the island an official status. This situation enlightens the linguistic tension hidden behind the official monolingualism that the French Constitution enacts. It constitutes a real challenge for the State, on both political and legal grounds. This article expounds, from a political and legal point of view, especially in municipal, international and European law, the different obstacles such a desire for a revitalization will encounter, as well as the potential legal disputes that could emerge from it, on the base of the European Convention on Human Rights or European Union law.