bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex and Sexual Fantasy among the Arabs in the Middle Ages
Authors: Bishara Hanan 
Published: June 2020

Dealing with the theme of sex among the Arabs in the Middle Ages requires distinction between two stages: the pre-revelation of the Koran and the life of Prophet Muhammad stage, and the post- Prophet stage, including the Umayyad and Abbasid ages. The Arabs were interested in the subject of 'sex' in an incomparable way, and this appears in their over-talking about everything that is related to the female sex organs and her reproductive system such as female circumcision, puberty, engagement, marriage, sexual intercourse, haymen, virginity and non-virginity. In addition, the Arabs dealt with the shortcomings of the wife, her childbearing and child birth, breastfeeding, nikaḥ al-mutʿah, literally "pleasure marriage", adultery, fornication, sexual deviation, male homosexuality (liwatt) and female homosexuality (lesbianism), which is called "sihaq" in Arabic. Islam gave interest to 'sexuality' because the sexual passion is a human instinct and a phenomenon that affects the behavior of human beings Therefore, it should be cultivated and refined without going away from its reality and the human tendencies that God created in the human being. According to Islam, the human being does not have to nullify his instincts or control them just for control's sake, but he has to employ them according to the Islamic Law (Shariʿa).
Parental Educational Level As A Predictor Towards The Return Rate Of Pre-Primary and Primary Pupils To School Amidst Coronavirus Pandemic in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Anero Nnamdi , Okankwu Elizabeth Amini 
Published: June 2020

The study was carried out to determine the extent parental educational levels predict return rate of pre-primary and primary pupils by parents as soon as the schools resume at the end or close to the end of coronavirus pandemic. The study which was carried in Port Harcourt, Nigeria adopted accidental sampling technique to sample 942 parents out of a population of 476,658 parents. Four research questions guided the study. The major instrument for the study was the Researchers made questionnaire titled “Return of children to school by parents amidst coronavirus pandemic”. The data generated was analyzed using simple percentage. Findings showed that parents whose educational levels were within non-completion of primary school education and Diploma certificates will return their children on the ground that schools can effectively administer hand washing by pupils while those with first degrees to the terminal degrees disagreed with the ability of schools to carry out a hand wash exercise. However, the parents generally agreed that the schools cannot maintain the required social distancing and administer frequent fluid intake to pupils as preventive measures and as a result would not return their children to schools. Based on these findings, the study among other things recommended thus: since some category of parents agree that the schools cannot enforce hand wash by children, NGO’S and public spirited individuals need to enlighten the schools on the need to take the business of hand wash serious; since the schools cannot maintain adequate spacing, the government and her agencies must urge the schools to operate two to three shifts so as to have adequate space and facilities that would enable them maintain the recommended social or physical distancing and that any school that will operate, must have a source of portable water confirmed by National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC).
Two-sided science: Communicating scientific uncertainty increases trust in scientists and donation intention by decreasing attribution of communicator bias
Authors: Steijaert Mickey J. , Schaap Gabi , Riet Jonathan Van’t 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Previous research has shown that uncertainty communication by scientists (i. e., expressing reservations towards their own research) increases the public’s trust in their work. The reasons for this have not been elucidated, however. In the present study, we provide a theoretical explanation for this phenomenon. Specifically, we expected that attributed communicator bias would mediate the effect of uncertainty communication on trust. Results from a mixed-design experiment (N = 88), using modified science news articles, revealed support for this hypothesis. Positive effects of uncertainty communication on trust and donation intention were both mediated by attributed communicator bias.
Awareness and opinion about polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) among young women: a developing country perspective
Authors: Jena Saubhagya Kumar , Mishra Lipsa , Naik Sushree Samiksha , Khan Shahnawaz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the perception on PCOS and its prevalence among adolescent and young women.MethodsThe study was conducted over 2 year period in a tertiary care teaching hospital from Eastern India. A pre-formed, validated questionnaire was used to record the details. Descriptive statistics was used to report the findings.ResultsOf 965 young patients with mean (SD) age 20.64 (2.1) years, 27 (2.79 %) were aware of an entity called PCOS. Awareness among adolescents with PCOS was 25.9 % (7/27). All aware patients belonged to the urban sector with professionals constituting around 48%, of which 11% were students. The major source of information among aware patients was from doctors (40.7%), and friends and Internet (25.9%); rest being from books, newspapers, and teachers. Majority (70%) were aware that diet restriction and exercise were the primary modalities of treatment, whereas, only 3.7% knew about the role of contraceptive pills in PCOS.ConclusionsAwareness regarding PCOS among the young women is very low mainly in the rural set up. Doctors and health staffs should play a major role in spreading awareness of the entity to prevent long term complications.
App-based tracking of smartphone use and its association with perceived stress and sense of coherence among undergraduate medical students in Southern India
Authors: Jeyashree Kathiresan , Sathiavadivu Jane S. , Suliankatchi AbdulkaderRizwan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Smartphone use, now a ubiquitous habit among the youth and psychological stress are interestingly juxtaposed. Sense of coherence (SOC) is the ability to comprehend a stressful situation and tackle it positively. This study measured the pattern of smartphone use, perceived stress, SOC and the inter-relationship between them among undergraduate medical students.

Methods
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and SOC-13 scales were used to measure perceived stress and SOC, respectively in 163 medical college students. ‘App Usage’, a mobile application was used to objectively record smartphone usage.

Results
Nearly two-thirds (64.4%) were female students. The mean (SD) SOC score was 48.7 (11.1) and the mean (SD) PSS score was 20.7 (6.2). SOC was inversely correlated (r=−0.662, p<0.001) with PSS. The median (IQR) duration of smartphone use was 3.4(1.8, 4.8) hours per day which was not significantly correlated with perceived stress (rho=0.12, p=0.26). Linear regression showed that male students used smartphones for a longer duration than females (p=0.0008), after controlling for confounders.

Conclusions
Medical college students use smartphones for an average of 3 to 4 h a day. Students with a better sense of coherence perceive less stress. Initiatives to improve the sense of coherence will help increase their resilience and reduce susceptibility to problematic use of smartphones.
Prevalence and correlates of fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescents in Laos
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The study aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake among adolescents in the “2015 Laos Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)”. The study sample consisted of 3,683 school adolescents with a median age of 16 years from Laos that responded to the 2015 cross-sectional GSHS. The prevalence of inadequate fruit consumption (<2/day) was 74.0%, inadequate vegetable consumption (<3/day) 78.5%, and inadequate FV consumption (<5/day) 83.7%. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, physical inactivity (adjusted odds ratio = AOR: 1.43, 95% confidence interval=CI, 1.061.93) was positively, and being overweight or obese (AOR: 0.65; 95% CI, 0.450.95), soft drink consumption (AOR: 0.55; 95% CI, 0.440.69), fast food consumption (AOR: 0.59; 95% CI, 0.470.74), and peer support (AOR: 0.69; 95% CI, 0.540.88) were negatively associated with inadequate FV consumption. A high proportion of inadequate FV consumption was found and strategies to increase FV consumption in this population may take into account sociodemographic, lifestyle, peer and parental factors.
Effectiveness of a school-based intervention in Guatemala to increase knowledge of sexual and reproductive health
Authors: Morenz Anna M. , Hernandez Juan Carlos , Yates Katherine , Kennedy Mark Allen , Groisser Alissa , Coyoy Otto , Kim Jooyeon , Castillo Ronald , Zuleta Clara 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Adolescent pregnancy in Guatemala is a multifactorial issue contributing to maternal and child mortality as well as negative social and economic outcomes. While multiple organizations have identified this as an important area for improvement, little has been published on methods for reducing rates of adolescent pregnancy in resource-limited settings. We characterized the effects of a brief intervention on the knowledge and attitudes towards sexual health of high schoolers in a rural Guatemalan community.

Methods
We created a condensed, 2-h sexual education course, which was taught to over 500 high school students in San Juan Sacatepequez, Guatemala. Students completed pre- and post-intervention surveys assessing their knowledge about pregnancy prevention and attitudes toward contraception use. Chi-square tests were used to assess the difference between the pre- and post-intervention responses as well as the responses between male and female participants.

Results
Analysis of the survey results revealed significant improvements in all questions assessing knowledge regarding pregnancy prevention (p<0.01). Our pre-intervention survey revealed that male participants possessed greater knowledge regarding pregnancy prevention (p<0.01). Following the intervention, several areas of initial difference between male and female students’ knowledge disappeared, including knowledge of what a contraceptive is, awareness that one sexual relation is sufficient for pregnancy, and recognition that condoms can prevent sexually transmitted infections.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that brief, school-based sexual health courses are low-resource, feasible interventions to significantly increase knowledge about contraception and sexual health in resource-limited settings and improve the disparities in knowledge between male and female participants.
Exploring health-risk behaviors related to road safety and car drifting among adolescents in Saudi Arabia: the co-occurrence of multiple risk behaviors
Authors: Alsubaie Ali Saad R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesAdolescence is a fundamental stage of life where they go through huge changes and development. As a result, they are more likely to engage in behaviors that may jeopardize their life and health. The main objectives of this paper is to investigate risky-behaviors related to road traffic safety and dangerious car drifting among adolescents in Saudi Arabia.MethodsThis was a school-based cross-sectional study conducted among male school adolescents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A multi-stage probability sampling technique was performed to recruit the participants. A total of 1,501 male adolescents were included in this study, studying in private and public high schools.ResultsA total of 78.7% of the students were found to be driving cars, which indicated that a high proportion of adolescents drive without a license. A total of 96% and 97.7% of adolescents do not use seat belt when driving nor when riding a vehicle as a passenger, respectively. Using helmet was a very rare practice among adolescents since only 1.4% and 2.0% wore a helmet when using non-motorized and motorized vehicles, respectively. Attending car drifting events, joining people while performing car drifting and actual performing car drifting were prevalent as 46.7%, 42.9%, 36.1%, respectively. About 58% of the adolescents reported not been taught about how to avoid traffic accidents, and 80% reported the need for more health education regarding traffic safety. The logistic regression analysis indicates adolescents car drifting was independently associated with adolescents’ age (OR = 1.2; 95%CI = 1.1–1.3; p < 0.01), studying in private schools (OR = 1.2; 95%CI = 1.2–2.0; p≤ 0.015), being Saudi (OR = 2.5; 95%CI = 1.9–2.8; p < 0.001), do not like schools (OR = 1.7; 95%CI = 1.4–2.4; p < 0.001) and poor academic performance (OR = 1.7; 95%CI = 1.3–2.3; p < 0.001). Also, the adjusted logistic regression confirmed that car drifting was independently associated with several health risk behaviors including joining people performing car drifting, attending car drifting events, not brushing teeth, smoking behavior, want to use drugs, carrying weapons, and taking part in bullying others.ConclusionLarge proportions of adolescents engage in multiple risky road traffic behaviors. Therefore, it is strongly advisable for policymakers and other stakeholders to devise national strategies that consider road safety and risky driving behaviors among adolescents and school students. This study calls for a strategic intervention plan to change the culture of risky driving through a structured and comprehensive curriculum in school settings.
Sleep quality and bullying – prevalence in a cohort of Portuguese students
Authors: Carvalho Fábia , Vilaça Joana , Carvalho Ana Luísa , Pontes Teresa , Carvalho Susana 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The involvement of adolescents in violent behaviors is becoming an important public health problem that is concerning physicians as it is associated with a decrease in adult life quality. In this context, bullying is a type of aggressive behavior that occurs repeatedly in interpersonal relationship where power imbalance exists increasing the risk of physical and psychosocial problems in all its intervenient. Prevalence of bullying in Portuguese adolescents is estimated to be ranging from 16.2 to 27.5%. Sleep disorders are a well-known problem related to bullying situations, either as a consequence or a risk factor; estimated prevalence in adolescence is 25% worldwide. In the present study we aimed to investigate the association between sleep quality and the involvement in school bullying in Portuguese adolescents in two high schools.

Methods
Data collected from a cross-sectional survey addressing questions on bullying behaviors and sleep quality was analyzed using SPSS 22.0. A two-tailed p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant for all tests.

Results
We have included 171 adolescents, mean age of 14.39 ± 1.149 years, 59.6% were boys; prevalence of bullying behaviors was 28.1%. Among the students 15.2% were identified as “pure victims”, 8.8% as “pure bullies”, 4.1% as “bully-victims” and 71.9% as “neutrals”. “Pure bullies” and “bully-victims” present higher Athens Insomina Scale (AIS) scores (p = 0.004) and higher prevalence of insomnia (p = 0.004). The prevalence of insomnia was significantly higher in the group involved in bullying behaviors comparing with the neutrals (58.3% vs 30%, p = 0.001). We verified that 65.4% of the reported bullying situations took place inside the school and 8.8% of those teachers did nothing to help the victim and in 17.5% school staff took the same attitude.

Conclusions
We found a prevalence of bullying behaviors higher than the one reported in previous studies and a prevalence of insomnia of 38.0%, proving that bullying and sleep disturbances are two major problems in adolescence which may increase future risk for psychiatric symptoms, involvement in criminal activities, hyperactive, and inattentive behaviors. We verified a strong relation between insomnia and involvement in bullying situations with those who are involved reporting difficulties in sleep induction. The group of “bully-victims” was identified as potentially being the one with the most troubled adolescents since they combine characteristics of both bullies and victims. The authors conclude that there should be an investment in school-based interventions that help recognize and reduce school bullying and change lifestyle behaviors that may negatively influence adolescents' development.
Internal Variable Theory Formulated by One Extended Potential Function
Authors: Yang Qiang , Tao Zhuofu , Liu Yaoru 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the kinetic rate laws of internal variables, it is usually assumed that the rates of internal variables depend on the conjugate forces of the internal variables and the state variables. The dependence on the conjugate force has been fully addressed around flow potential functions. The kinetic rate laws can be formulated with two potential functions, the free energy function and the flow potential function. The dependence on the state variables has not been well addressed. Motivated by the previous study on the asymptotic stability of the internal variable theory by J. R. Rice, the thermodynamic significance of the dependence on the state variables is addressed in this paper. It is shown in this paper that the kinetic rate laws can be formulated by one extended potential function defined in an extended state space if the rates of internal variables do not depend explicitly on the internal variables. The extended state space is spanned by the state variables and the rate of internal variables. Furthermore, if the rates of internal variables do not depend explicitly on state variables, an extended Gibbs equation can be established based on the extended potential function, from which all constitutive equations can be recovered. This work may be considered as a certain Lagrangian formulation of the internal variable theory.
A Study on Measuring the Relationship Between the Library and Quality of Life of Local Residents
Authors: Noh Younghee 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, we explore a strategy to strengthen the library’s role of enhancing the quality of life for residents by identifying relationships between user satisfaction with library services and their quality of life. Questionnaires were distributed to public library users and normal distribution (skewness and kurtosis) and reliability of the measurement tools were validated. The results of this study show that satisfaction with the library staff has a positive influence on the participants’ living satisfaction, self-efficacy, and emotional stability. Second, an evaluation of their satisfaction with the library overall showed a significantly positive influence on their living satisfaction as well positive thinking. In conclusion, investment in libraries leads the public to be satisfied with their overall life, think of their future positively, have confidence to perform their roles successfully, and gain a sense of freedom with continuing stability.
Challenges and difficulties of translation and interpreting in the migration and refugee crisis in Germany
Authors: Berbel Elke Cases 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article presents a comprehensive analysis of the role that interpreters and translators of the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge[Bamf]) played during the 2015–2016 migration crisis in Germany along with the improvements made by the German Ministry of the Interior. To this end, we first investigated all the occasions when a refugee needs interpreting and translation services. We then present the requirements to be a Bamf interpreter/translator as well as their working conditions. In addition, we offer research into all the working tools that the German Government has made available to these interpreters/translators, so they can get a comprehensive training in the profession of community interpreter, one of the most demanding branches of interpreting and translation services. Finally, we have summarized the challenges that, in our opinion, Germany faces for the future in order to achieve a better quality in their interpretation and translation services.
Looking for causes of effects in cases: Evaluating intermunicipal collaboration in The Netherlands applying QCA
Authors: Lagendijk Arnoud , Velde Martin van der , Kuijpers Mark 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Economic geography and regional planning suffer from a lack of clear answers with respect to the question what methods to use to systematically explain complex territorial phenomena such as regional development. Rather than the universal effect of causes, analysis should focus on patterns revealed through case-specific effects of enabling and disabling conditions. Using qualitative configurational analysis (QCA), this paper illustrates the relevance of such an approach examining the variable effectiveness of intermunicipal collaboration in the Netherlands. Drawing on a survey of a large sample of collaborations, complemented with case-specific inside knowledge, eight conditions are found supporting collaboration effectiveness: age, size, homogeneity, project/policy activity, mission and inclusiveness. The configurational analysis uncovers one dominant evolutionary pattern (evolving policy focus), one minor pattern (metropolitan collaboration) plus two somewhat unique cases. It also finds contributing roles for mission-orientation, inclusiveness, and, somewhat surprisingly, size. QCA proves a promising tool to study complex dynamics across a population of territorial cases.
Liraglutide administration improves hormonal/metabolic profile and reproductive features in women with HAIR-AN syndrome
Authors: Livadas S , Androulakis I , Angelopoulos N , Lytras A , Papagiannopoulos F , Kassi G 
Published: June 2020

Summary
HAIR-AN syndrome, the coexistence of Hirsutism, Insulin Resistance (IR) and Acanthosis Nigricans, constitutes a rare nosologic entity. It is characterized from clinical and biochemical hyperandrogenism accompanied with severe insulin resistance, chronic anovulation and metabolic abnormalities. Literally, HAIR-AN represents an extreme case of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In everyday practice, the management of HAIR-AN constitutes a therapeutic challenge with the available pharmaceutical agents. Specifically, the degree of IR cannot be significantly ameliorated with metformin administration, whereas oral contraceptives chronic administration is associated with worsening of metabolic profile. Liraglutide and exenatide, in combination with metformin, have been introduced in the management of significantly obese women with PCOS with satisfactory results. Based on this notion, we prescribed liraglutide in five women with HAIR-AN. In all participants a significant improvement regarding the degree of IR, fat depositions, androgen levels and the pattern of menstrual cycle was observed, with minimal weight loss. Furthermore, one woman became pregnant during liraglutide treatment giving birth to a healthy child. Accordingly, we conclude that liraglutide constitutes an effective alternative in the management of women with HAIR-AN.

Learning points:

HAIR-AN management is challenging and classic therapeutic regimens are ineffective.

Literally HAIR-AN syndrome, the coexistence of Hirsutism, Insulin Resistance and Acanthosis Nigricans, represents an extreme case of polycystic ovary syndrome.

In cases of HAIR-AN, liraglutide constitutes an effective and safe choice.