bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interjections in American and Danish courtroom interaction: A linguistic and legal cultural comparison
Authors: Mortensen Sune Sønderberg 
Published: December 2019

This study compares the use of interjections by the defence lawyers in an American and a Danish criminal trial during their direct-examination of their clients, i.e. the defendants. Through quantitative and qualitative analyses it is shown that the Danish lawyer uses interjections much more frequently than the American lawyer, and that the interjections used by the American lawyer tend to have different interactional functions than those used by the Danish lawyer. Thus, while the American lawyer practices a composed and transactional style of interaction, the Danish lawyer adopts a fairly loose and casual style. The interactional styles of the two lawyers, as seen through their use of interjections, are discussed and explained as reflections of central cultural traits of the two countries’ legal traditions, drawing, amongst others, on the basic divide between common law adversarialism and civil law inquisitorialism.
Introduction: Language use in and about the net drama series SKAM
Authors: Andersen Elisabeth Muth , Poulsen Søren Vigild , Rathje Marianne 
Published: December 2019

On January 30 2018, the University of Southern Denmark in Odense, Denmark, hosted a symposium entitled “Sproget i og omkring SKAM” (“The language in and around SKAM”). After the symposium, we issued a call on behalf of the journal Scandinavian Studies in Language, and two articles were published as a result, namely Jennifer Duggan and Anne Dahl’s article Fan translations of SKAM: Challenging Anglo linguistic and popular cultural hegemony in a transnational fandomand Elisabeth Muth Andersen and Søren Vigild Poulsen’s contribution Viewing, listening and reading along: Linguistic and multimodal constructions of viewer participation in the net series SKAM.
Viewing, listening and reading along: Linguistic and multimodal constructions of viewer participation in the net series SKAM
Authors: Andersen Elisabeth Muth , Poulsen Søren Vigild 
Published: December 2019

This paper investigates how SKAM viewers are positioned as participants through semiotic resources in the net series, i.e. the filmic means for making meaning, including representations of the characters’ embodied and digitally mediated communication. For this purpose, we combine perspectives from linguistic-multimodality studies of modes for communication and studies building on Goff man’s (1981) work on participation frameworks, i.e. the various ways of participating in co-present and/or mediated communication.
The article aims to complement existing media studies of immediacy in SKAM and viewers’ sense of co-presence with characters in the net series (Jerslev 2017, Sundet 2017). It does so by showing how participant frameworks are multimodally constructed at a fictional level and a communicational level. Within each of these frameworks, the viewer is positioned in distinct ways. We describe how the viewer is placed, i.e. physically positioned, in the interactional space of the depicted characters, and how the characters’ communicative means are interactionally organised, accomplished and made available for interpretation by the viewer. Furthermore, we show how characters monitor each other in the shared space of a schoolyard, how embodied and digitally mediated communicative features are foregrounded, and how the viewer is provided access to these resources in ways that reflect and create specific viewing positions in the communicative frames of the characters.
We argue that these integrations of semiotic modes exploit affordances related to speech, writing and embodiment, that the positionings mainly work to create a sense of presence and identification for the viewer, and that representations of digitally mediated communication (writing) on the viewer’s screen specifically expose how the digitally mediated communication space of one of the characters is integrated with the digitally mediated viewing space.
According, against, and above dietary norms: a key to understanding the relationship between personality style and taste preferences
Authors: Petre Ligiana Mihaela , Vatasescu Bianca Nicoleta 
Published: December 2019

Background
Understanding individual food preferences is critical for creating tailored strategies that promote healthy individual eating behaviors. Individual sensory liking appears to be an essential determinant of dietary intake. Taste preferences influence satisfaction and satiety, and may consequently influence weight status and psychological adjustment. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between taste preferences (sweet, salty, sweet & fatty, salty & fatty) and personality features.

Methods
The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) was used for the assessment of personality traits and PrefQuest (PQ) was used for measuring recalled food preferences. A total of 137 participants were included in the study. The relationship between compulsive and antisocial features and taste preferences was assessed by hierarchical multiple linear regression, while controlling for age, gender, BMI, marital status, and educational level.

Results
The antisocial personality traits were a negative explanatory variable for sweet & fatty taste preference, R2 = .15, t(132) = − 2.40, p = .018, 95% [−.57, −.06] and salty & fatty taste preference, R2 = .16, t(133) = − 2.38, p = .019, 95% [−.07, −.01], while controlling for anthropological factors. In addition, men showed a higher preference than women for sweet & fatty food, such as chocolate or desserts, rsp = .19, p = .021, and for the salty & fatty food, rsp = .30, p < .001. BMI was not found to moderate the relationship between personality and taste preference. No significant association was found between compulsive personality traits and food preference, as assessed by sensory liking.

Conclusions
The findings can bring a much better understanding of the relationship between the compulsive or antisocial personality and taste preferences. In addition, it may help build psychotherapeutic and nutritional strategies that promote healthy eating behaviors, tailored to a particular personality style.
Eliminating the Pre-exponential Factor in Classical Nucleation Theory
Authors: Jennings John H. 
Published: December 2019

Blander and Katz give a formula in classical nucleation theory, J = A exp K, for homogeneous nucleation (liquid-->gas). Jennings proved that dlnA/dK = 1/6K for all pure liquids by combining two theories, taking the limit as polymer concentration-->0. This gives lnA = (1/12)ln(K2) + C, where C is the integration constant. The conjecture is that C is a constant for fluids of low molecular weight. We used data for 7 sample solvents, and solved for C. The surface tension drops out in C, which makes C more accurate, as the surface tension is difficult to get at 0.89Tc, the limit of superheat. Tc = critical point in Kelvin. All quantities are evaluated at the limit of superheat, which is approximately 0.89Tc for solvents. C = 74.77 ± 0.33 for the 7 solvents (not all alkanes). This eliminates the prefactor A, streamlining J: ln J = (1/12)ln(K2) + 74.77 + K is the exact new equation. A computer can more easily be used to calculate J, the nucleation rate.
Study on Marijuana Abuse among Male Nepalese College Students in Bangalore
Authors: Regmi Sanjaya , Pandey Ashok , Chaudhary Pramod , Acharya Ashraya 
Published: December 2019

Over the past few years, the topic of marijuana is featured in the media. Students have an ambiguous information on the medical benefits and the torment of marijuana use. Students under minimum supervision from their guardians are among high risk groups of its abuse. The abuse of marijuana among students is associated with the cognitive impairment, adverse academic performance and the low-level satisfaction of life.
Aims: To find out the prevalence of marijuana abuse among college students staying away from their parents.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample: 10 colleges from 5 wards of BBMP between February 2014 to February 2015.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey (n=250). Qualitative (interview) and quantitative (structured questionnaire) were used to collect the data about the current use of marijuana, smoking habit, perceived effect and source of supply among Nepalese students studying in Bangalore. The Current user is defined according to the CDC guideline (An adult who has smoked 100 times in his lifetime and who currently smokes marijuana.
Findings: The current prevalence of marijuana abuse among male Nepalese students in Bangalore is 36%. At least one-time usage of marijuana is 51%. Among current users, 38% are using marijuana daily. Similarly, 37% of the participants reported that local friends are the source of supply for them and 32% reported that they get marijuana from college friends. Among current users, about 58% of the users said that they don’t want to quit using marijuana.
Conclusion: It is evident from the study that marijuana use is widespread amongst Nepalese students in Bangalore. The parents whose children are away from home town should maintain a very close relationship with them, their academic supervisors, and their friends. A significant number of current users (41%) wish to quit the addiction of marijuana use, this demand an immediate need for the mental health counselor in the colleges in Bangalore.
3D Printed Multiplexed Competitive Migration Assays with Spatially Programmable Release Sources
Authors: Haring Alexander P. , Thompson Emily G. , Hernandez Raymundo D. , Laheri Sahil , Harrigan Megan E. , Lear Taylor , Sontheimer Harald , Johnson Blake N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHere, a 3D printed multiplexed competitive migration assay is reported for characterizing a chemotactic response in the presence of multiple spatially distributed chemoattractants. The utility of the assay is demonstrated by examining the chemotactic response of human glioblastoma cells to spatially opposing chemotactic gradients of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bradykinin (BK). Competitive migration assays involving spatially opposing gradients of EGF and BK that are optimized in the absence of the second chemoattractant show that 46% more glioblastoma cells migrate toward EGF sources. The migration velocities of human glioblastoma cells toward EGF and BK sources are reduced by 7.6 ± 2.2% and 11.6 ± 6.3% relative to those found in the absence of the spatially opposing chemoattractant. This work provides new insight to the chemotactic response associated with glioblastoma‐vasculature interactions and a versatile, user‐friendly platform for characterizing the chemotactic response of cells in the presence of multiple spatially distributed chemoattractants.
Intrinsic Lithiophilicity of Li–Garnet Electrolytes Enabling High‐Rate Lithium Cycling
Authors: Zheng Hongpeng , Wu Shaoping , Tian Ran , Xu Zhenming , Zhu Hong , Duan Huanan , Liu Hezhou 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSolid‐state lithium batteries are widely considered as next‐generation lithium‐ion battery technology due to the potential advantages in safety and performance. Among the various solid electrolyte materials, Li–garnet electrolytes are promising due to their high ionic conductivity and good chemical and electrochemical stabilities. However, the high electrode/electrolyte interfacial impedance is one of the major challenges. Moreover, short circuiting caused by lithium dendrite formation is reported when using Li–garnet electrolytes. Here, it is demonstrated that Li–garnet electrolytes wet well with lithium metal by removing the intrinsic impurity layer on the surface of the lithium metal. The Li/garnet interfacial impedance is determined to be 6.95 Ω cm2 at room temperature. Lithium symmetric cells based on the Li–garnet electrolytes are cycled at room temperature for 950 h and current density as high as 13.3 mA cm−2 without showing signs of short circuiting. Experimental and computational results reveal that it is the surface oxide layer on the lithium metal together with the garnet surface that majorly determines the Li/garnet interfacial property. These findings suggest that removing the superficial impurity layer on the lithium metal can enhance the wettability, which may impact the manufacturing process of future high energy density garnet‐based solid‐state lithium batteries.
Nitrenium Salts in Lewis Acid Catalysis
Authors: Mehta Meera , Goicoechea Jose M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMolecular compounds featuring nitrogen atoms are typically regarded as Lewis bases and are extensively employed as donor ligands in coordination chemistry or as nucleophiles in organic chemistry. By contrast, electrophilic nitrogen‐containing compounds are much rarer. Nitrenium cations are a new family of nitrogen‐based Lewis acids, the reactivity of which remains largely unexplored. In this work, nitrenium ions are explored as catalysts in five organic transformations. These reactions are the first examples of Lewis acid catalysis employing nitrogen as the site of substrate activation. Moreover, these compounds are readily accessed from commercially available reagents and exhibit remarkable stability toward moisture, allowing for benchtop transformations without the need to pretreat solvents.
Metabolic and transcriptional changes in seminal plasma of asthenozoospermia patients
Authors: Chen Lianguo , Wen Chao‐Wei , Deng Ming‐Jie , Ping‐Li  , Zhang Zhi‐Da , Zhou Zhuo‐Hua , Wang Xianqin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the metabolic and transcriptional alterations in seminal fluid caused by asthenozoospermia (AS). To address these issues, a method of metabonomics based on ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) and real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) was performed to identify some crucial biomarkers and transcription levels of the enzymes in seminal fluid. Seminal fluid samples were collected from 87 AS patients and 73 healthy males with normozoospermia. The quantitative analysis by UPLC–MS/MS showed that 19 metabolites in seminal plasma were associated with AS, and they were involved in several metabolic pathways, such as energy metabolism, purine metabolism, methionine cycle, and branched chain amino acid metabolism. Among these metabolites, the levels of citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, and pyruvic acid, which are related to energy metabolism, were collectively reduced in the AS group, whereas the lactic acid level was enhanced. These results indicated that lesser energy source (adenosine triphosphate) was produced through the anaerobic glycolysis pathway rather than via aerobic catabolism of suger and tricarboxylic acid cycle, resulting in reduced power of sperms. Meanwhile, partial least squares discriminant analysis showed significant differences in metabolic profiles between the AS and control groups. In addition, RT‐qPCR results revealed that the expression levels of four genes encoding fructokinase citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, and spermine synthase, which were related to energy metabolism, were decreased in the AS group. The 23 descriptors with differential expression in AS may be valuable for the diagnosis and sequential study on AS. These results will help highlight the role of sperm inactivity in AS pathogenesis.
Targeting functionalized nanoparticles to activated endothelial cells under high wall shear stress
Authors: Zukerman Hila , Khoury Maria , Shammay Yosi , Sznitman Josué , Lotan Noah , Korin Netanel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLocal inflammation of the endothelium is associated with a plethora of cardiovascular diseases. Vascular‐targeted carriers (VTCs) have been advocated to provide focal effective therapeutics to these disease sites. Here, we examine the design of functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) as VTCs that can specifically localize at an inflamed vessel wall under pathological levels of high shear stress, associated for example with clinical (or in vivo) conditions of vascular narrowing and arteriogenesis. To test this, carboxylated fluorescent 200 nm polystyrene particles were functionalized with ligands to activated endothelium, that is, an E‐selectin binding peptide (Esbp), an anti ICAM‐1 antibody, or using a combination of both. The functionalized NPs were investigated in vitro using microfluidic models lined with inflamed (TNF‐α stimulated) and control endothelial cells (EC). Specifically, their adhesion was monitored under different relevant wall shear stresses (i.e., 40–300 dyne/cm2) via real‐time confocal microscopy. Experiments reveal a significantly higher specific adhesion of the examined functionalized NPs to activated EC for the window of examined wall shear stresses. Moreover, particle adhesion correlated with the surface coating density whereby under high surface coating (i.e., ~10,000 molecule/particle), shear‐dependent particle adhesion increased significantly. Altogether, our results show that functionalized NPs can be designed to target inflamed endothelial cells under high shear stress. Such VTCs underscore the potential for attractive avenues in targeting drugs to vasoconstriction and arteriogenesis sites.
An international multicenter retrospective analysis of patients with extranodal marginal zone lymphoma and histologically confirmed central nervous system and dural involvement
Authors: Sunderland Andrew J. , Steiner Raphael E. , Al Zahrani Musa , Pinnix Chelsea C. , Dabaja Bouthaina Shbib , Gunther Jillian R. , Nastoupil Loretta J. , Jerkeman Mats , Joske David , Cull Gavin , El‐Galaly Tarec , Villa Diego , Cheah Chan Yoon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMarginal zone lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS MZL) is rare. The clinical features, treatment, and prognosis are not well characterized. We performed a multicenter retrospective study of CNS MZL. Twenty‐six patients were identified: half with primary and half with secondary CNS involvement. The median age was 59 years (range 26‐78), 62% female and 79% with ECOG performance status ≤ 1. The most common disease site was the dura (50%). Treatment was determined by the treating physician and varied substantially. After a median follow up of 1.9 years, the estimated 2‐year progression‐free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 59% and 80%, respectively. Secondary CNS MZL was associated with 2‐year OS of 58%. CNS MZL is rare, but relative to other forms of CNS lymphoma, outcomes appear favorable, particularly among the subset of patients with dural presentation and primary CNS presentation.
Sex differences in coronary artery lesions and in‐hospital outcomes for patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction under the age of 45
Authors: Vautrin Estelle , Jean Aure‐Elise Biguet Petit , Fourny Magali , Marlière Stéphanie , Vanzetto Gérald , Bouvaist Hélène , Debaty Guillaume , Belle Loïc , Danchin Nicolas , Labarère José 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to compare baseline characteristics, coronary angiogram findings, and in‐hospital outcomes between female and male patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) under the age of 45 years.BackgroundAlthough sex differences in risk factor profile have been documented for young patients with STEMI, limited data exist on the prevalence of spontaneous coronary artery dissection in these patients.MethodsAs part of an ongoing hospital‐based registry of suspected STEMI, we analyzed the original data for 51 women under the age of 45 years matched with 93 men of similar age who underwent coronary angiography at two percutaneous coronary intervention centers, between January 2003 and December 2012. Two interventional cardiologists independently reviewed coronary angiograms for all patients.ResultsThe mean age for all patients was 39 years (range, 24–44) and the overall prevalence of cigarette smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were 70, 32, 13, and 4%, respectively. Young women were more likely to present with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (22 vs. 3%, p = .003) and more of them experienced reinfarction during the hospital course (15 vs. 1%, p = .01). The in‐hospital mortality rate was 2% for both sexes.ConclusionsSpontaneous coronary artery dissection is an important cause of myocardial infarction in young female adults, accounting for 22% (95% confidence interval, 11–35%) of women with STEMI under the age of 45 years. The true prevalence of spontaneous coronary artery dissection might even be underestimated, because of the limited availability of advanced imaging techniques at the time of our study.
Fragments as Novel Starting Points for tRNA‐Guanine Transglycosylase Inhibitors Found by Alternative Screening Strategies
Authors: Hassaan Engi , Eriksson Per‐Olof , Geschwindner Stefan , Heine Andreas , Klebe Gerhard 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCrystallography provides structural information crucial for fragment optimization, however several criteria must be met to screen directly on protein crystals as soakable, well‐diffracting specimen must be available. We screened a 96‐fragment library against the tRNA‐modifying enzyme TGT using crystallography. Eight hits, some with surprising binding poses, were detected. However, the amount of data collection, reduction and refinement is assumed substantial. Therefore, having a reliable cascade of fast and cost‐efficient methods available for pre‐screening before embarking to elaborate crystallographic screening appears beneficial. This allows filtering of compounds to the most promising hits, available to rapidly progress from hit‐to‐lead. But how to ensure that this workflow is reliable? To answer this question, we also applied SPR and NMR to the same screening sample to study whether identical hits are retrieved. Upon hit‐list comparisons, crystallography shows with NMR and SPR, only one overlapping hit and all three methods shared no common hits. This questions a cascade‐type screening protocol at least in the current example. Compared to crystallography, SPR and NMR detected higher percentages of non‐active‐site binders suggesting the importance of running reporter ligand‐based competitive screens in SPR and NMR, a requirement not needed in crystallography. Although not specific, NMR proved a more sensitive method relative to SPR and crystallography, as it picked up the highest numbers of binders.
Conformation Controls Mobility: 2H‐Tetranaphthylporphyrins on Cu(111)
Authors: Kuliga Jan , Massicot Stephen , Adhikari Rajan , Ruppel Michael , Jux Norbert , Steinrück Hans‐Peter , Marbach Hubertus 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe adsorption behavior and the mobility of 2H‐Tetranaphthylporphyrin (2HTNP) on Cu(111) was investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at room temperature (RT). The molecules adsorb, like the structurally related 2HTPP, in the “inverted” structure with the naphthyl plane restricted to an orientation parallel to the Cu surface. The orientation of the four naphthyl groups yields altogether 16 possible conformations. Due to the existence of rotamer pairs, 10 different appearances are expected on the surface, and all of them are identified by STM at RT. Most interestingly, the orientation of the naphthyl groups significantly influences the diffusion behavior of the molecules on Cu(111). We identify three different groups of conformers, which are either immobile, medium or fast diffusing at RT. The mobility seems to decrease with increasing size of the footprint of the conformers on the surface.