bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal comorbidities in collapsing variant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: more than a coincidence?
Authors: Gougeon Francois , Singh Harsharan K , Nickeleit Volker 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) has various underlying etiologies and often leads to renal failure. The impact of biopsy-proven renal comorbidities in promoting collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) has not been systematically evaluated in large comparative studies. Those data are reported here.

Methods
Biopsies with the initial diagnosis of CG in native (n = 321) or transplant kidneys (n = 30) were identified in the University of North Carolina nephropathology database (1 January 2011 to 1 January 2016). Two cohorts were defined: ‘sole’ CG without and ‘accompanied’ CG with significant morphologic renal comorbidities. Tip-variant FSGS (T-FSGS) and time-matched biopsies served as control cohorts for comparative analyses.

Results
CG was significantly more common in native (4.4%) and transplant biopsies (4.1%) compared with T-FSGS (0.7 and &lt;0.1%, respectively, difference versus CG P &lt; 0.01). ‘Associated’ disease was significantly more common in CG (native: 151/321; 47.0%, transplant: 21/30; 70%, P &lt; 0.05) versus T-FSGS (native: 14/51; 27.5%, transplant: exceptional; all differences versus CG P &lt; 0.05). In native biopsies with ‘accompanied’ CG but not in control groups, stenosing vasculopathies including thrombotic microangiopathies were significantly more prevalent (P &lt; 0.01). In transplants, the high incidence of ‘accompanied’ CG was linked to de novo diseases, mainly rejection and vascular injury. In native kidneys, membranous glomerulopathies were prevalent in ‘accompanied’ T-FSGS (36%) and CG (14%) (difference versus time-matched controls P &lt; 0.01 and P &lt; 0.05, respectively); they were uncommon in transplants.

Conclusions
CG but not T-FSGS shows a high rate of comorbidities, with prominent vasculopathies presumably driving ‘ischemic’ CG-specific glomerular injury and also the disease course. These findings facilitate future studies into therapy, prognosis and reversibility of ‘accompanied’ CG.
Roman Jakobson
Authors: Thomas Margaret 
Published: November 2020

Roman Osipovich Jakobson (1896–1982) famously characterized himself as a “Russian philologist. Period.” He arranged for his gravestone to be engraved simply with the words “Roman Jakobson—RUSSKIJ FILOLOG.” Jakobson’s Russianness, and his love of language and literature, are beyond dispute. However, his intellectual contributions far exceed the intersection of the two terms of his self-description. Jakobson was a dynamic and protean scholar, who wrote about Poetics, Phonology, historical linguistics (especially Slavic), morphosyntax, semiotics, psycholinguistics, and cultural and literary history. He participated avidly in a succession of scholarly collaboratives which generated ideas about language and literature that radiated outward to other thinkers and disciplines. In a first and formative instance, Jakobson was a precocious member of the avant garde literary-artistic Futurist movement in Moscow in the 1910s. In 1926, he co-founded the Prague Linguistic Circle, which developed a distinctive response to the structuralist linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure (b. 1857–d. 1913) that was then spreading across Europe. Following his immigration to America in 1941, Jakobson co-founded the Linguistic Circle of New York and taught at the French-Belgian university in exile, the École Libre des Hautes Études, before joining the faculty of Columbia University (in 1946), Harvard (in 1949), and MIT (in 1957, concurrent with his appointment at Harvard). Working steadily into his eighties through these successive dislocations, Jakobson produced a flood of texts and lectures addressed to diverse audiences, often coauthored with colleagues or former students. Much of his attention went to close linguistic analysis of literature, with a special focus on the formal linguistic features and sound patterns of poetry. A second theme was his work in phonology, especially in his collaboration with fellow Russian émigré and Prague Circle member Nikolai Trubetzkoy (b. 1890–d. 1938). Jakobson resolved phonemes into bundles of hierarchically organized distinctive features, emphasizing acoustic over articulatory definitions, in which one member has default or “unmarked” status relative to the other. The notion of distinctive features influenced generative phonology and other approaches in the 1960s, although Jakobson’s contributions are not always acknowledged. Another of Jakobson’s most significant accomplishments was his role in transmitting structuralism from Europe to the United States, especially during his residence in New York when his lectures on Saussure at the École Libre influenced anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss (b. 1908–d. 2009). Through Jakobson, structuralist ideas passed to Lévi-Strauss, and then to sociology, philosophy, literary criticism, and 20th-century humanities in general, before meeting opposition from poststructuralism in the late 1960s.
Katsushika Hokusai
Authors: Forrer Matthi 
Published: November 2020

While the best-known Japanese artwork is the iconic “Great Wave,” less known is that this was a creation of the artist Hokusai. Even more surprising is the fact that the artist was seventy years of age when he designed the print. Hokusai had already been working as an artist for fifty years, training many pupils, including two of his daughters, and enjoying followers even in far-away Osaka. This article focuses on research concerning the life and works of the Japanese artist Katsushika Hokusai (b. 1760–d. 1849) from an art historical perspective. The three main sections are preceded by a discussion of the various sources for a biography of Hokusai (The Life of the Artist). Biography is followed by a review of his oeuvre, starting with his illustrations of various kinds of books (Hokusai’s Oeuvre in the Format of Books). We still lack a full bibliographic overview of all the books that Hokusai composed, illustrated, or where he contributed designs for illustrations, let alone an adequate catalogue of the various editions and how to distinguish them. This is followed by a discussion of his works in the format of single prints, mostly organized according to his six main periods of activity, each associated with one of his six names, Shunrō, Sōri, Hokusai, Taito, Iitsu, and Manji (Hokusai’s Oeuvre in the Format of Prints). Scholars and students still await a catalogue raisonné, like the Bartsch or Hollstein volumes, that inventories all the known—primarily German and Dutch—woodblock prints, copperplates, and etchings, organized by school and artist. Most people who are engaged with Hokusai’s work, especially since the passing of the scholar Peter Morse, lack the proper training in art history and never heard of Bartsch or Hollstein. In the West they are often Japanologists, while in Japan they are historians, specialists of Japanese literature, and in so far as they have training as art historians, this background is still quite different from the Western tradition. However, now many Western institutional holdings have become accessible online, facilitating further study but, no Japanese ones. For Hokusai’s early period, especially, problems remain concerning works with signatures that can either be identified with Hokusai or with his pupils. The discussion of Hokusai’s works concludes with his paintings (Hokusai’s Painted Oeuvre) and his preparatory sketches for either prints or book illustrations. In fact, this is the most problematic part of Hokusai’s oeuvre where consensus will not occur until a new methodology of research is accepted. At present, there are two museums devoted to Hokusai in Japan: the Hokusai Museum in Obuse, Nagano Prefecture; the recently opened Sumida Katsushika Hokusai Bijutsukan in Tokyo, whereas the holdings of the Katsushika Hokusai Museum of Art in Tsuwano, that is the Nagata Seiji collection, was bequeathed to the Shimane Prefectural Museum after his untimely death in 2018. There is also a magazine devoted to Hokusai research, the Hokusai kenkyū, volumes 1–56 (Tokyo: Hokusaikai, Kazusa Museum and Sumida Arts Foundation, 1972–2016.
Social vulnerability and COVID-19: A call to action for paediatric clinicians
Authors: Prodanuk Michael , Wagner Stephanie , Orkin Julia , Noone Damien 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had dramatic effects on the lives of children globally. However, socially vulnerable children have been particularly impacted. Certain populations have increased vulnerabilities, including children and youth experiencing homelessness. Increased infection risk due to congregant living and challenges with physical distancing are contributing factors. An urgent need exists for a wholistic approach to care with unique cross-sectoral partnerships across disciplines. A recognition of the unintended consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic on this population is urgently required by all those supporting children. Families should receive direct support in clinical settings to identify their social needs. Partnership with community agencies and advocacy for appropriate isolation facilities for patients experiencing homelessness are critical.
An exploration of food industry led reformulation on fortified food staples in Ireland
Authors: McMenemy Daragh , Kelly Frances , Sweeney Mary Rose 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Food industry led reformulation efforts have attempted to address the prevalence of obesity by modifying nutrient compositions in food products. This study explored progress in nutrient composition alterations in products in Irish supermarkets by comparing the nutrient labels of products sold in 2014 and 2017.

Methods
We conducted two supermarket audits in 2014 and 2017 to examine the changes in the nutrient profile of cereals, breads, spreads, unflavoured milks, yogurts and juices. Information on the nutrients of interest to the study (energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, saturated fat, salt, sugar and some micronutrients) were extracted and stored in Microsoft Excel. The nutrient profile of each product was compared across the two timepoints. Our study shows that the mean level of sugars in cereals remains high and that the mean level of salt remains high in cereals, breads, and spreads.

Results
In total, 143 products were directly compared (86 cereals, 26 breads, 17 spreads and 14 milks). Our study shows that the composition of salt and sugar in cereal, bread, spreads and milk has declined by 12 and 7%, respectively. Saturated fat has declined in cereals (7%), but has increased in breads (12%), spreads (1%), and milks (5%). Manufacturers increased the serving sizes in nine cereals and one milk.

Conclusions
From a population health perspective, the results are encouraging but care should be exercised by the food industry not to allow total fat and saturated fat levels to creep upwards. Further research and engagement of public health specialists and the food industry are needed.
A systematic review of interventions to link families with preschool children from healthcare services to community-based support
Authors: Burns Jacky , Conway David I , Gnich Wendy , Macpherson Lorna M D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Supporting patients to access community-based support may be a key intervention to address the wider determinants of health. There is a lack of evidence synthesis around the most effective methods for linking individuals from health services to organizations within communities, especially those aimed at supporting families with young children.

Methods
Papers were identified from seven databases covering peer-reviewed and grey literature. The Effective Public Health Practice Project and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative quality appraisal tools were used to assess methodological quality. Thematic narrative data synthesis based on study quality was performed.

Results
Twenty-four unique publications were included in the review with a range of study designs and variable methodological quality. A broad typology of intervention processes for undertaking linking was developed defining three distinct approaches: signposting, referral and facilitation. Active processes, such as facilitation, appeared more successful at linking families to community support.

Conclusions
This was the first systematic review to focus on interventions that link families with young children to community-based support organizations. It identified a typology for linking interventions, and whilst there were limitations in the quality of evidence available, it showed a tendency for more active interventions to be more effective in linking families to community support.
Cytokeratin 19 fragment is associated with severity and poor prognosis of interstitial lung disease in anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis
Authors: Gui Xianhua , Ma Miao , Ding Jingjing , Shi ShenYun , Xin Xiaoyan , Qiu Xiaohua , Zhang Yingwei , Qiu Yuying , Cao Min , Huang Mei , Cao Mengshu , Dai Jinghong , Cai Hourong , Xiao Yonglong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesIn the present study, we aimed to assess the clinical significance of cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) in patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody-positive DM-interstitial lung disease (MDA5-DM-ILD).MethodsA total of 73 MDA5-DM-ILD patients were retrospectively analysed in this work. Their clinical characteristics, including clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and lung function, were compared between patients with acute/subacute interstitial pneumonia (A/SIP) and chronic interstitial pneumonia (CIP). The level of serum CYFRA21-1 was also compared between the above-mentioned two groups of patients, and its association with the clinical features and mortality of MDA5-DM-ILD was also evaluated.ResultsOf the 73 MDA5-DM-ILD patients, 26 patients exhibited the A/SIP pattern. The level of serum CYFRA21-1 was higher in MDA5-DM patients with A/SIP compared with the CIP group (P = 0.009). Lower oxygenation index (OI), CD3+CD4+ T cell counts and percentage of CD3+CD4+ cells were also observed in MDA5-DM patients with A/SIP compared with the CIP group. Higher serum CYFRA21-1, lower OI, and lower zone consolidation were associated with a higher risk of A/SIP in MDA5-DM-ILD. In addition, 38 decedents with MDA5-DM-ILD exhibited a greater level of CYFRA21-1 compared with 35 survivors (P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, it was a prognostic factor and also associated with a higher mortality rate (log-rank test, P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsCYFRA21-1 could be a useful serum indicator associated with occurrence of A/SIP in MDA5-DM-ILD. Moreover, it was associated with a poor survival in MDA5-DM-ILD patients.
Sleep misestimation among older adults suffering from insomnia with short and normal objective sleep duration and the effects of cognitive behavior therapy
Authors: Lovato Nicole , Micic Gorica , Lack Leon 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
Compare the degree of sleep misestimation in older adults with insomnia presenting with objectively short relative to normal sleep duration, and investigate the differential therapeutic response on sleep misestimation between the proposed sleep duration phenotypes to cognitive-behavior therapy for insomnia (CBTi).

Methods
Ninety-one adults (male = 43, mean age = 63.34, SD = 6.41) with sleep maintenance insomnia were classified as short sleepers (SS; &lt;6 h total sleep time [TST]) or normal sleepers (NS; ≥6 h TST) based on one night of home-based polysomnography. Participants were randomly allocated to CBTi (N = 30 SS, N = 33 NS) or to a wait-list control condition (N = 9 SS, N = 19 NS). Sleep misestimation was calculated as the difference scores of subjective (sleep diary reported) and objective (derived from actigraphy) sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and TST at pre- and post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up.

Results
Prior to treatment, perception of SOL, WASO, and TST did not differ between patients with objectively short sleep duration relative to those with objectively normal sleep duration. Patients’ perception of WASO and TST, improved immediately following treatment and at 3-month follow-up relative to the waitlist group. These improvements did not differ significantly between those with short or normal objective sleep duration prior to treatment.

Conclusions
The degree of sleep misestimation is similar for older adults suffering from chronic insomnia with short or normal objective sleep duration. Irrespective of objective sleep duration prior to treatment, CBTi produces significant improvements in sleep perception.

Clinical Trial Registration Number
ACTRN12620000883910
Associations of insomnia symptoms with subsequent health services use among community-dwelling U.S. older adults
Authors: Tzuang Marian , Owusu Jocelynn T , Huang Jin , Sheehan Orla C , Rebok George W , Paudel Misti L , Wickwire Emerson M , Kasper Judith D , Spira Adam P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
Determine the association of insomnia symptoms with subsequent health services use, in a representative sample of U.S. older adults.

Methods
Participants were 4,289 community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries who had continuous fee-for-service Medicare coverage 30 days before, and 1 year after the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) Round 1 interview. Participants reported past-month insomnia symptoms (i.e. sleep onset latency &gt;30 min, difficulty returning to sleep) which we categorized as 0, 1, or 2 symptoms. Outcomes were health services use within 1 year of interviews from linked Medicare claims: emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, 30-day readmissions, home health care (all measured as yes/no), and number of hospitalizations and ED visits.

Results
Overall, 18.5% of participants were hospitalized, 28.7% visited the ED, 2.5% had a 30-day readmission, and 11.3% used home health care. After adjustment for demographics, depressive and anxiety symptoms, medical comorbidities, and BMI, compared to participants with no insomnia symptoms, those with two insomnia symptoms had a higher odds of ED visits (odds ratio [OR) = 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24–2.07, p &lt; 0.001), hospitalizations (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.01–1.65, p &lt; 0.05), and 30-day readmissions (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.88–3.29, p &lt; 0.05). Reporting 2 insomnia symptoms, versus no insomnia symptoms, was associated with a greater number of ED visits and hospitalizations (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.23–1.87, p &lt; 0.001; IRR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.02–1.44, p &lt; 0.05, respectively) after adjusting for demographic and health characteristics.

Conclusions
Among older adults, insomnia symptoms are associated with greater health services use, including emergency department use, hospitalization, and 30-day readmission. Targeting insomnia may lower health services use.
Modeling Inoculum Availability of Plurivorosphaerella nawae in Persimmon Leaf Litter with Bayesian Beta Regression
Authors: Martínez-Minaya Joaquín , Conesa David , López-Quílez Antonio , Mira José Luís , Vicent Antonio 
Published: November 2020

Circular leaf spot (CLS), caused by Plurivorosphaerella nawae, is a serious disease affecting persimmon (Diospyros kaki) that is characterized by necrotic lesions on leaves, defoliation, and fruit drop. Under Mediterranean conditions, P. nawae forms pseudothecia in the leaf litter in winter, and ascospores are released in spring, infecting susceptible leaves. Persimmon growers are advised to apply fungicides for CLS control during the period of inoculum availability, which was previously defined based on ascospore counts under the microscope. A model of inoculum availability of P. nawae was developed and evaluated as an alternative to ascospore counts. Leaf litter samples were collected weekly in L’Alcúdia (Spain) from 2010 to 2015. Leaves were soaked and placed in a wind tunnel, and the released ascospores of P. nawae were counted. Hierarchical Bayesian beta regression methods were used to model the dynamics of ascospore production in the leaf litter. The selected model included accumulated degree-days (ADDs) and ADDs taking into account the vapor pressure deficit (ADDvpd) as fixed effects and year as random effect. This model had a mean absolute error of 0.042 and a root mean square error of 0.062. The beta regression model was evaluated in four orchards from 2010 to 2015. Higher accuracy was obtained at the beginning and the end of the ascospore production period, which are the events of interest to schedule fungicide sprays for CLS control in Spain. This same modeling framework can be extended to other fungal plant pathogens whose inoculum dynamics are expressed as proportion data. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Community-led Priority Setting for Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy and Parenting
Authors: Altman Molly R. , Busse Morgan , Kim Jane , Ervin Ayla , Unite Marianne , Kantrowitz-Gordon Ira 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
To engage community members with opioid use disorder (OUD) and case managers working with pregnant and parenting individuals with OUD in a priority setting process to identify the key priorities for research, policy, and care improvement during pregnancy, birth, and postpartum.

Methods:
We conducted focus groups across Washington State with pregnant and parenting people with OUD and with case managers working with this community as part of research priority setting using the validated Research Prioritization by Affected Communities protocol. Priorities for research, policy, and service improvement were developed during each focus group by the participants.

Results:
Three focus groups with pregnant and parenting people with OUD and 2 focus groups with case managers were conducted (total N = 24 and 16, respectively). Both prioritized topics such as stigma and bias, housing, access to treatment, and steps toward successful recovery. The community and case manager groups shared similar, complementary strategies for each priority, with differences reflecting their perspectives in relation to OUD.

Conclusions:
Community-engaged priority setting among those with OUD was an effective and meaningful way to guide future research, policy, and care improvement efforts.
Effectiveness and Safety of Ethanol for the Treatment of Venous Malformations: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sun Yuming , Guo Yu , Chen Xingfan , Lei Shaorong 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND
Venous malformations (VM) are common vascular malformations. Percutaneous injection of sclerosants into the lesion has become mainstream therapy. The most commonly used sclerosants are ethanol, polidocanol, bleomycin, and the like. But few articles have reported that sclerosants are more effective and safer.

METHODS
We performed a search on Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, CBM, and Wan Fang databases of Controlled Trials (from January 1, 2010, launch up to April 10, 2019) reporting outcome of intralesional ethanol, polidocanol, and bleomycin injections in patients with VM (n ≥ 20). A meta-analysis was conducted using Rev-man 5.3 software.

RESULTS
A total of 9 articles, 632 participants and 676 lesions were included. Quality of evidence was generally low. Meta-analysis showed that absolute ethanol treatment was better than polidocanol in treating VM (p = .001), and absolute ethanol elicited a better response than bleomycin (p = .01). Ethanol therapeutic effect was not statistically significant compared with ethanol alone (p = .07), but the combination effect was better than polidocanol (p = .04). Ethanol treatment showed significantly more adverse reactions than polidocanol and combination therapy.

CONCLUSION
Absolute ethanol combined with polidocanol is more effective in treating VM and has fewer adverse reactions.