bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Worldwide epidemiology of foot and ankle injuries during military training: a systematic review
Authors: Fenn Brian P. , Song J , Casey J , Waryasz G R , DiGiovanni C W , Lubberts B , Guss D 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionMusculoskeletal foot and ankle injuries are commonly experienced by soldiers during military training. We performed a systematic review to assess epidemiological patterns of foot and ankle injuries occurring during military training.MethodsA review of the literature was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The search, done on 14 February 2019, resulted in 1603 reports on PubMed, 565 on Embase and 3 on the Cochrane Library. After reading the remaining full-text articles, we included 91 studies.ResultsAmong a population of 8 092 281 soldiers from 15 countries, 788 469 (9.74%) foot and ankle injuries were recorded. Among the 49 studies that reported on length of training, there were 36 770/295 040 (18.17%) injuries recorded among women and 248 660/1 501 672 (16.56%) injuries recorded among men over a pooled mean (±SD) training period of 4.51±2.34 months. Ankle injuries were roughly 7 times more common than foot injuries, and acute injuries were roughly 24 times more common than non-acute injuries. Our findings indicated that, during a 3-month training period, soldiers have a 3.14% chance of sustaining a foot and ankle injury. The incidence of foot or ankle injury during military parachutist training was 3.1 injuries per thousand jumps.ConclusionsOur findings provide an overview of epidemiological patterns of foot and ankle injuries during military training. These data can be used to compare incidence rates of foot and ankle injuries due to acute or non-acute mechanisms during training. Cost-effective methods of preventing acute ankle injuries and non-acute foot injuries are needed to address this problem.
Post hoc study to investigate the potential causes of poor quality of cardiovascular medicines collected in sub-Saharan countries
Authors: Secretan Philippe-Henri , Antignac Marie , Yagoubi Najet , Bernard Mélisande , Perier Marie Cécile , Takombe Jean Laurent , Balde Dadhi , N'Guetta Roland , Ikama Méo Stéphane , Zabsonre Patrice , Sidi Aly Abdallahi , Jouven Xavier , Do Bernard 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesThe incidence of cardiovascular diseases is increasing and there is a growing need to provide access to quality cardio drugs in Africa. In the SEVEN study, we analysed 1530 cardiovascular drug samples randomly collected from 10 African countries. By that time, of the seven drugs products analysed, only those containing amlodipine and captopril had very low assay values with active substance contents that could be less than 75% of those expected. In this article we investigate complementary aspects of the amlodipine and captopril samples so to explain the previously observed low assays for these two drugs.DesignPost hoc analysis of the captopril and amlodipine drugs samples and their packages collected in the context of the SEVEN study.Setting10 countries were concerned: Benin, Burkina Faso, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, Côte d’Ivoire, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal and Togo.ParticipantsLocal scientists and hospital practitioners collected the drug samples in the 10 African countries.Outcome measuresThe drug amount and the relative amounts of drug impurities, as well as the main compounds of the drugs packaging, were analysed.ResultsIdentification of the blister packaging of the samples led to separate both amlodipine and captopril drug samples in two groups. Mann Whitney’s bilateral test showed a significant difference (p<0.0001) between the median value of the captopril dosage when tablets are packaged in blisters providing higher protection to humidity (n=105) as opposed to the tablets packaged in blisters providing lower humidity protection (n=130).ConclusionBased on these results, particular attention should be paid to the materials and types of packaging used in order to minimise the lack of control over the exposures and drug circuits present in these different countries.
Effect of particulate matter exposure on patients with COPD and risk reduction through behavioural interventions: the protocol of a prospective panel study
Authors: Park Shinhee , Ra Seung Won , Kang Sung Yoon , Kim Hwan-Cheol , Lee Sei Won 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionPatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are vulnerable to particulate matter (PM) exposure which can increase acute exacerbations and hospitalisation. Interventions to avoid PM exposure are important but evidence-based guidance is lacking. This study aims to assess the impact of PM on lung function, quality of life and exacerbations in patients with COPD using a panel design study; it will also provide evidence for interventional measures to reduce harm from PM exposure.Methods and analysisA prospective panel study of patients with COPD aged ≥40 years will be conducted. Patients will be required to have a forced expiratory volume in one second <80% of the predicted value at enrolment. A total of 120 patients from three different regions will be enrolled, 60 from the metropolitan area, 30 from an industrialised area and 30 from a clean rural area. Clinical outcomes will be assessed through COPD assessment test scores, the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire for patients with COPD and pulmonary function testing. Indoor and outdoor PM in the patients’ environments will be measured using gravimetric and light scattering platforms. To estimate the individual dose of PM exposure, a time–activity diary, Geographic Information System and land use regression model will be combined in every season for 1 year. The correlation between PM exposure and the health status of patients with COPD will be evaluated. In addition, 40 patients with the lowest score of life behaviour score to reduce environmental PM exposure will be randomised to a control or intervention group, who will receive in-depth education on risk-reducing behaviours.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of each site. The participants received comprehensive information and provided informed consent. The result of this study will be discussed in the form of conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberNCT04020237.
Frontal theta brain activity varies as a function of surgical experience and task error
Authors: Balkhoyor Ahmed Mohammed , Awais Muhammad , Biyani Shekhar , Schaefer Alexandre , Craddock Matt , Jones Olivia , Manogue Michael , Mon-Williams Mark A , Mushtaq Faisal 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveInvestigations into surgical expertise have almost exclusively focused on overt behavioral characteristics with little consideration of the underlying neural processes. Recent advances in neuroimaging technologies, for example, wireless, wearable scalp-recorded electroencephalography (EEG), allow an insight into the neural processes governing performance. We used scalp-recorded EEG to examine whether surgical expertise and task performance could be differentiated according to an oscillatory brain activity signal known as frontal theta—a putative biomarker for cognitive control processes.Design, setting, and participantsBehavioral and EEG data were acquired from dental surgery trainees with 1 year (n=25) and 4 years of experience (n=20) while they performed low and high difficulty drilling tasks on a virtual reality surgical simulator. EEG power in the 4–7 Hz range in frontal electrodes (indexing frontal theta) was examined as a function of experience, task difficulty and error rate.ResultsFrontal theta power was greater for novices relative to experts (p=0.001), but did not vary according to task difficulty (p=0.15) and there was no Experience × Difficulty interaction (p=0.87). Brain–behavior correlations revealed a significant negative relationship between frontal theta and error in the experienced group for the difficult task (r=−0.594, p=0.0058), but no such relationship emerged for novices.ConclusionWe find frontal theta power differentiates between surgical experiences but correlates only with error rates for experienced surgeons while performing difficult tasks. These results provide a novel perspective on the relationship between expertise and surgical performance.
Risk factors associated with higher pain levels among pediatric burn patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Holbert Maleea D , Kimble Roy M , Jones Lee V , Ahmed Samiul H , Griffin Bronwyn R 
Published: November 2020

Introduction
There is an absence of evidence regarding predictors of moderate to severe pain in children undergoing acute burn treatment. This investigation aimed to determine if relationships existed between patient and clinical characteristics, and pain at first dressing change for children with acute burn injuries.

Methods
A retrospective cohort investigation was conducted using clinical data from pediatric burn patients treated at the Queensland Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. Data extracted included patient and burn characteristics, first aid, and follow-up care. Observational pain scores were categorized into three groups (mild, moderate, and severe pain), and bivariate and multivariable relationships were examined using proportional odds ordinal logistic regression. Data from 2013 pediatric burns patients were extracted from the database.

Results
Factors associated with increased odds of procedural pain included: hand burns (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.1, p<0.001), foot burns (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.1, p<0.01), baseline pain (OR 5.5, 95% CI 2.8 to 10.8, p<0.001), deep dermal partial-thickness injuries (OR 7.9, 95% CI 4.0 to 15.6, p<0.001), increased burn size (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.2, p<0.01), four or more anatomical regions burned (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.5 to 8.6, p<0.01), initial treatment at a non-burns center (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.3, p<0.001), and time to hospital presentation (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.8 to 0.9, p<0.001). These burn characteristics are associated with increased odds of moderate to severe procedural pain during a child’s first dressings change.

Discussion
It is recommended that patients presenting with one or more of the aforementioned factors are identified before their first dressing change, so additional pain control methods can be implemented.
QCD challenges from pp to A–A collisions
Authors: Adolfsson J. , Andronic A. , Bierlich C. , Bozek P. , Chakraborty S. , Christiansen P. , Chinellato D. D. , Fries R. J. , Gustafson G. , van Hees H. , Jacobs P. M. , Kim D. J. , Lönnblad L. , Mace M. , Matonoha O. , Mazeliauskas A. , Morsch A. , Nassirpour A. , Ohlson A. , Ortiz A. , Oskarsson A. , Otterlund I. , Paić G. , Perepelitsa D. V. , Plumberg C. , Preghenella R. , Rapp R. , Rasmussen C. O. , Rossi A. , Rueda O. V. , Silva A. V. D. , Silvermyr D. , Timmins A. , Sjöstrand T. , Törnkvist R. , Utheim M. , Vislavicius V. , Wiedemann U. A. , Zapp K. , Zhao W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper is a write-up of the ideas that were presented, developed and discussed at the third International Workshop on QCD Challenges from pp to A–A, which took place in August 2019 in Lund, Sweden (Workshop link:https://indico.lucas.lu.se/event/1214/). The goal of the workshop was to focus on some of the open questions in the field and try to come up with concrete suggestions for how to make progress on both the experimental and theoretical sides. The paper gives a brief introduction to each topic and then summarizes the primary results.
Precise predictions for double-Higgs production via vector-boson fusion
Authors: Dreyer Frédéric A. , Karlberg Alexander , Lang Jean-Nicolas , Pellen Mathieu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTheoretical predictions with next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD accuracy combined with the next-to-leading order (NLO) electroweak (EW) corrections are presented for differential observables of the double-Higgs production process via vector-boson fusion. While the QCD corrections were previously known, the EW ones are computed here for the first time. The numerical results are obtained for a realistic experimental set-up at the LHC and are presented in the form of fiducial cross sections and differential distributions. Within this setup we find that the VBF approximation employed in the NNLO QCD correction is accurate at the sub-percent level. We find that the NLO EW corrections within the fiducial volume are $$-\,6.1\%$$

-

6.1
%

, making them of almost the same order as the NLO QCD corrections. In some kinematic regions they can grow as large as $$-\,30\%$$

-

30
%

making them the dominant radiative corrections. When the EW corrections are combined with the NNLO QCD corrections we find a total correction of $$-\,14.8\%$$

-

14.8
%

. The results presented here thus comprise the state-of-the-art theoretical predicition for the double-Higgs production via vector-boson fusion, which will be of value to the high-luminosity programme at the LHC.
Modified inertia from extended uncertainty principle(s) and its relation to MoND
Authors: Giné Jaume , Luciano Giuseppe Gaetano 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper we show that Modified Inertia, i.e., the modification of inertia predicted by some alternative theories of gravity at cosmic scales, can be naturally derived within the framework of the extended uncertainty principle (EUP). Specifically, we consider two possible extensions of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle (HUP), corresponding to two different deformations of the fundamental commutator: the first one provides the natural generalization of the HUP to the (anti)-de Sitter spacetime and is endowed with only a quadratic correction in the uncertainty position. On the other hand, the second model contains both linear and quadratic extra terms. We prove that modified inertia is a direct consequence of the minimal acceleration experienced by any body due to the cosmic expansion. The obtained results are then discussed in connection with the empirical predictions of Modified Newtonian dynamics (MoND). The requirement of consistency between the two approaches allows us to fix the adjustable constant which marks the transition between the Newtonian and deep-MoND regimes.
Clover nil restricted Lie algebras of quasi-linear growth
Authors: Petrogradsky Victor 
Published: November 2020

The Grigorchuk and Gupta–Sidki groups play a fundamental role in modern group theory. They are natural examples of self-similar finitely generated periodic groups. The author constructed their analogue in case of restricted Lie algebras of characteristic 2 [V. M. Petrogradsky, Examples of self-iterating Lie algebras, J. Algebra 302(2) (2006) 881–886], Shestakov and Zelmanov extended this construction to an arbitrary positive characteristic [I. P. Shestakov and E. Zelmanov, Some examples of nil Lie algebras, J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 10(2) (2008) 391–398]. Now, we construct a family of so called clover 3-generated restricted Lie algebras [Formula: see text], where a field of positive characteristic is arbitrary and [Formula: see text] an infinite tuple of positive integers. All these algebras have a nil [Formula: see text]-mapping. We prove that [Formula: see text]. We compute Gelfand–Kirillov dimensions of clover restricted Lie algebras with periodic tuples and show that these dimensions for constant tuples are dense on [Formula: see text]. We construct a subfamily of nil restricted Lie algebras [Formula: see text], with parameters [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], having extremely slow quasi-linear growth of type: [Formula: see text], as [Formula: see text]. The present research is motivated by construction by Kassabov and Pak of groups of oscillating growth [M. Kassabov and I. Pak, Groups of oscillating intermediate growth. Ann. Math. (2) 177(3) (2013) 1113–1145]. As an analogue, we construct nil restricted Lie algebras of intermediate oscillating growth in [V. Petrogradsky, Nil restricted Lie algebras of oscillating intermediate growth, preprint (2020), arXiv:2004.05157]. We call them Phoenix algebras because, for infinitely many periods of time, the algebra is “almost dying” by having a “quasi-linear” growth as above, for infinitely many [Formula: see text] it has a rather fast intermediate growth of type [Formula: see text], for such periods the algebra is “resuscitating”. The present construction of three-generated nil restricted Lie algebras of quasi-linear growth is an important part of that result, responsible for the lower quasi-linear bound in that construction.
FDA Approval Summary: Accelerated Approval of Sacituzumab Govitecan-hziy for Third-line Treatment of Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Wahby Sakar , Fashoyin-Aje Lola , Osgood Christy L. , Cheng Joyce , Fiero Mallorie H. , Zhang Lijun , Tang Shenghui , Hamed Salaheldin S. , Song Pengfei , Charlab Rosane , Dorff Sarah E. , Ricks Tiffany K. , Barnett-Ringgold Kimberly , Dinin Jeannette , Goldberg Kirsten B. , Theoret Marc R. , Pazdur Richard , Amiri-Kordestani Laleh , Beaver Julia A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
On April 22, 2020, the FDA granted accelerated approval to sacituzumab govitecan-hziy (TRODELVY; Immunomedics, Inc.) for the treatment of patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) who have received at least two prior therapies for metastatic disease. Approval was based on data from the IMMU-132-01 trial, a single-arm, multicohort, multicenter, phase I/II trial of sacituzumab govitecan. The assessment of efficacy was based on 108 patients with mTNBC who had previously received at least two prior lines of therapy in the metastatic setting and who received sacituzumab govitecan 10 mg/kg i.v. The assessment of safety was based on 408 patients with advanced solid tumors who had received sacituzumab govitecan at doses up to 10 mg/kg i.v. The primary efficacy endpoint was investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR) and duration of response (DoR) was a key secondary endpoint. The ORR was 33.3% [36/108; 95% confidence interval (CI), 24.6–43.1], and median DoR among responders was 7.7 months (95% CI, 4.9–10.8). The most common adverse reactions occurring in ≥25% of patients were nausea, neutropenia, diarrhea, fatigue, anemia, vomiting, alopecia, constipation, rash, decreased appetite, and abdominal pain. This article summarizes the FDA review process and data supporting the approval of sacituzumab govitecan.
Patient Characteristics, Clinical Outcomes, and Effect of Dapagliflozin in Relation to Duration of Heart Failure
Authors: Yeoh Su E. , Dewan Pooja , Jhund Pardeep S. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Køber Lars , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Martinez Felipe A. , Ponikowski Piotr , Sabatine Marc S. , Solomon Scott D. , Bengtsson Olof , Sjöstrand Mikaela , Langkilde Anna Maria , McMurray John J.V. ,   on behalf of the DAPA-HF Investigators and Committees
Published: November 2020

Background:
The impact of heart failure (HF) duration on outcomes and treatment effect is largely unknown. We aim to compare baseline patient characteristics, outcomes, and the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin, in relation to time from diagnosis of HF in DAPA-HF trial (Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse-outcomes in Heart Failure).

Methods:
HF duration was categorized as ≥2 to ≤12 months, >1 to 2 years, >2 to 5 years, and >5 years. Outcomes were adjusted for prognostic variables and analyzed using Cox regression. The primary end point was the composite of worsening HF or cardiovascular death. Treatment effect was examined within each duration category and by duration threshold.

Results:

The number of patients in each category was: 1098 (≥2–≤12 months), 686 (>1–2 years), 1105 (>2–5 years), and 1855 (>5 years). Longer-duration HF patients were older and more comorbid with worse symptoms. The rate of the primary outcome (per 100 person-years) increased with HF duration: 10.2 (95% CI, 8.7–12.0) for ≥2 to ≤12 months, 10.6 (8.7–12.9) >1 to 2 years, 15.5 (13.6–17.7) >2 to 5 years, and 15.9 (14.5–17.6) for >5 years. Similar trends were seen for all other outcomes. The benefit of dapagliflozin was consistent across HF duration and on threshold analysis. The hazard ratio for the primary outcome ≥2 to ≤12 months was 0.86 (0.63–1.18), >1 to 2 years 0.95 (0.64–1.42), >2 to 5 years 0.74 (0.57–0.96), and >5 years 0.64 (0.53–0.78),
P
interaction=0.26. The absolute benefit was greatest in longest-duration HF, with a number needed to treat of 18 for HF >5 years, compared with 28 for ≥2 to ≤12 months.

Conclusions:
Longer-duration HF patients were older, had more comorbidity and symptoms, and higher rates of worsening HF and death. The benefits of dapagliflozin were consistent across HF duration.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03036124.
Sex Differences in the Age of Diagnosis for Cardiovascular Disease and Its Risk Factors Among US Adults: Trends From 2008 to 2017, the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey
Authors: Okunrintemi Victor , Tibuakuu Martin , Virani Salim S. , Sperling Laurence S. , Volgman Annabelle Santos , Gulati Martha , Cho Leslie , Leucker Thorsten M. , Blumenthal Roger S. , Michos Erin D. 
Published: November 2020

Background
Sex differences in the trends for control of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have been described, but temporal trends in the age at which CVD and its risk factors are diagnosed and sex‐specific differences in these trends are unknown.

Methods and Results

We used the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2008 to 2017, a nationally representative sample of the US population. Individuals ≥18 years, with a diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease, or stroke, and who reported the age when these conditions were diagnosed, were included. We included 100 709 participants (50.2% women), representing 91.9 million US adults with above conditions. For coronary heart disease and hypercholesterolemia, mean age at diagnosis was 1.06 and 0.92 years older for women, compared with men, respectively (both
P
<0.001). For stroke, mean age at diagnosis for women was 1.20 years younger than men (
P
<0.001). The mean age at diagnosis of CVD risk factors became younger over time, with steeper declines among women (annual decrease, hypercholesterolemia [women, 0.31 years; men 0.24 years] and hypertension [women, 0.23 years; men, 0.20 years];
P
<0.001). Coronary heart disease was not statistically significant. For stroke, while age at diagnosis decreased by 0.19 years annually for women (
P
=0.03), it increased by 0.22 years for men (
P
=0.02).

Conclusions
The trend in decreasing age at diagnosis for CVD and its risk factors in the United States appears to be more pronounced among women. While earlier identification of CVD risk factors may provide opportunity to initiate preventive treatment, younger age at diagnosis of CVD highlights the need for the prevention of CVD earlier in life, and sex‐specific interventions may be needed.