bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green Light Exposure Improves Pain and Quality of Life in Fibromyalgia Patients: A Preliminary One-Way Crossover Clinical Trial
Authors: Martin Laurent , Porreca Frank , Mata Elizabeth I , Salloum Michelle , Goel Vasudha , Gunnala Pooja , Killgore Wiliam D S , Jain Sejal , Jones-MacFarland Felesia N , Khanna Rajesh , Patwardhan Amol , Ibrahim Mohab M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Fibromyalgia is a functional pain disorder in which patients suffer from widespread pain and poor quality of life. Fibromyalgia pain and its impact on quality of life are not effectively managed with current therapeutics. Previously, in a preclinical rat study, we demonstrated that exposure to green light-emitting diodes (GLED) for 8 hours/day for 5 days resulted in antinociception and reversal of thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity associated with models of injury-related pain. Given the safety of GLED and the ease of its use, our objective is to administer GLED as a potential therapy to patients with fibromyalgia.

Design
One-way crossover clinical trial.

Setting
United States.

Method
We enrolled 21 adult patients with fibromyalgia recruited from the University of Arizona chronic pain clinic who were initially exposed to white light-emitting diodes and then were crossed over to GLED for 1 to 2 hours daily for 10 weeks. Data were collected by using paper surveys.

Results
When patients were exposed to GLED, but not white light-emitting diodes, they reported a significant reduction in average pain intensity on the 10-point numeric pain scale. Secondary outcomes were assessed by using the EQ-5D-5L survey, Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and were also significantly improved in patients exposed to GLED. GLED therapy was not associated with any measured side effects in these patients.

Conclusion
Although the mechanism by which GLED elicits pain reduction is currently being studied, these results supporting its efficacy and safety merit a larger clinical trial.
High Mobility Group Protein 1 and Dickkopf-Related Protein 1 in Schizophrenia and Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: Associations With Interleukin-6, Symptom Domains, and Neurocognitive Impairments
Authors: Al-Dujaili Arafat Hussein , Mousa Rana Fadhil , Al-Hakeim Hussein Kadhem , Maes Michael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSchizophrenia (SCZ) and treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) are associated with aberrations in immune-inflammatory pathways. Increased high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1), an inflammatory mediator, and Dickkopf-related protein (DKK1), a Wnt/β-catenin signaling antagonist, affect the blood-brain barrier and induce neurotoxic effects and neurocognitive deficits.AimThe present study aims to examine HMGB1 and DDK1 in nonresponders to treatments (NRTT) with antipsychotics (n = 60), partial RTT (PRTT, n = 55), and healthy controls (n = 43) in relation to established markers of SCZ, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and CCL11 (eotaxin), and to delineate whether these proteins are associated with the SCZ symptom subdomains and neurocognitive impairments.ResultsHMGB1, DKK1, IL-6, and CCL11 were significantly higher in SCZ patients than in controls. DKK1 and IL-6 were significantly higher in NRTT than in PRTT and controls, while IL-10 was higher in NRTT than in controls. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that SCZ was best predicted by increased DDK1 and HMGB1, while NRTT (vs PRTT) was best predicted by increased IL-6 and CCL11 levels. A large part of the variance in psychosis, hostility, excitation, mannerism, and negative (PHEMN) symptoms and formal thought disorders was explained by HMGB1, IL-6, and CCL11, while most neurocognitive functions were predicted by HMGB1, DDK1, and CCL11.ConclusionsThe neurotoxic effects of HMGB1, DKK1, IL-6, and CCL11 including the effects on the blood-brain barrier and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may cause impairments in executive functions and working, episodic, and semantic memory and explain, in part, PHEMN symptoms and a nonresponse to treatment with antipsychotic drugs.
Toward a Du Boisian Framework of Immigrant Incorporation: Racialized Contexts, Relational Identities, and Muslim American Collective Action
Authors: Yazdiha Hajar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnswering longstanding questions about the relationship between immigrant identity, collective action, and societal incorporation requires a dynamic theory that integrates these micro, meso, and macro levels of analysis. I propose a Du Boisian framework of immigrant incorporation that centers immigrants’ subjectivities, accounting for variation in immigrants’ perceptions of their relational social positions and subsequent strategies for shifting these positions. In this conceptualization of collective identity and collective action, macro-contexts enable and constrain collective identities through the process of ethnoracial formation, but immigrants negotiate competing perceptions of these identities and the political context, shaping divergent strategies to negotiate group position. I illustrate this framework by drawing on focus groups with Muslim American immigrants, identifying three central couplings of perceived identity and collective action strategy: 1) a perception of an integrating, “model citizen” collective identity that is aspirationally white, shaping assimilationist strategies for incorporation; 2) a perception of temporarily stigmatized identity with corresponding “identity-improvement” strategies for incorporation; and 3) a perception of racialized identity that rejects aspirational whiteness coupled with coalition-building with Black and Brown communities to target racialized systems altogether. Following Du Bois’ legacy, this framework expands our understanding of the dialectic between macro-contexts and micro-dynamics in immigrant incorporation and builds upon growing research that questions whether the quest for societal inclusion is necessarily a process of integration into the dominant category.
Nurse Counseling as Part of a Multicomponent Tobacco Treatment Intervention
Authors: Keller Kristin G. , Lach Helen W. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Although tobacco use is widely recognized as a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality, tobacco treatment remains challenging.

Purpose
The purpose of this integrative review is to synthesize the research findings regarding multicomponent tobacco treatment interventions combining nurse counseling and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT).

Methods
Published literature from 1990 through April 2019 was searched using the databases PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus. We extracted data into a literature matrix to facilitate comparison across primary sources and make conclusions about this body of literature as a whole.

Findings
This integrative review includes 21 publications that investigated the effects of tobacco treatment interventions incorporating both nurse counseling and NRT. Articles were reviewed for quality indicators.

Results
The evidence from this set of studies indicates that nurse counseling is an effective intervention when combined with NRT. The most successful interventions included long-term face-to-face counseling with a nurse. In addition, interventions in which longer courses of NRT were offered for free or at subsidized rates were most successful at engendering smoking cessation. Moreover, interventions that maximized social support for participants attempting to quit smoking resulted in favorable outcomes.

Discussion
The findings can provide useful guidance regarding the designing and implementation of effective tobacco treatment interventions that incorporate various components.

Conclusion
Nurse counseling augmented by additional effective tobacco treatment therapies including NRT leads to beneficial outcomes in smoking cessation. Future researchers should capitalize on this apparent synergistic relationship between multiple tobacco treatment components.
What You Need to Know
Authors: Palumbo Ruthanne , Protokowicz Jodi , Roberto Anka 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Studies show a direct correlation between traumatic experiences and the development of substance abuse disorders (SUD). Some estimating 67-92% of the patients with a SUD reported having experienced at least one traumatic event (according to the DSMIV PTSD criterion A) in their lifetime (Carletto et al., 2018). Trauma is a contributing factor inhibiting the lifelong process of recovery and its long-term goal of abstinence. Without a focus on interventions that address both the SUD and underlying trauma, health care providers may not be providing the best possible evidence-based care and limiting the chance of recovery for patients (DiPirro, 2017). EMDR is a level A trauma treatment endorsed by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) as an evidence-based approach in treating those who suffer from trauma and its related symptoms. Adding EMDR methodology to treatment as usual approach {TAU) can allow for adaptive information processing to take place while reprocessing traumatic memories that may trigger maladaptive coping strategies such as overuse, and misuse of substances.
Where do Brazilian dental students seek information about COVID-19?
Authors: Aragao Maria Gerusa Brito , Gomes Francisco Isaac Fernandes , Coelho Camila Siqueira Silva , Paixão de Melo Letícia Pinho Maia , Corona Silmara Aparecida Milori 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated where Brazilian dental students seek information about COVID-19 by a self-administered web-based questionnaire.MethodsA social network campaign on Instagram was raised to approach the target population. The dental students responded to a multiple-response question asking where they get information about COVID-19. The possible answers were government official websites or health and education institutions websites, TV Programs, professors, social media, scientific articles, other health professionals, and family members. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and frequency distributions of responses were evaluated by gender, age, type of institution, and year of enrollment.ResultsA total of 833 valid responses were received. The main source of information used by the dental students were government official websites or health and education institutions websites (88.7%), other health professionals (57.3%), and scientific articles (56.2%). The use of social media was reported by 54.1% of the students, while TV programs were information sources used by 39.9% of the students. The least used information sources were professors (38.1%) and family members (7.8%).ConclusionsThe respondents seem to be acquainted to seek information in reliable sources and also use social media as a gateway to keep updated about the pandemics. Therefore, knowing where the dental students seek information about COVID-19 might facilitate dental school directors to approach such public continuously, providing them with trustable information on different platforms.
Capturing hand use of individuals with spinal cord injury at home using egocentric video: A feasibility study
Authors: Likitlersuang Jirapat , Visée Ryan J. , Kalsi-Ryan Sukhvinder , Zariffa José 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMeasuring arm and hand function in the community is a critical unmet need of rehabilitation after cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). This information could provide clinicians and researchers with insight into an individual’s independence and reliance on care. Current techniques for monitoring upper limb function at home, including self-report and accelerometry, lack the necessary resolution to capture the performance of the hand in activities of daily living (ADLs). On the other hand, a wearable (egocentric) camera provides detailed video information about the hand and its interactions with the environment. Egocentric recordings at home have the potential to provide unbiased information captured directly in the user’s own living environment.PurposeTo explore the feasibility of capturing egocentric video recordings in the home of individuals with SCI for hand function evaluation.Study DesignFeasibility studyMethodsThree participants with SCI recorded ADLs at home without the presence of a researcher. Information regarding recording characteristics and compliance was obtained as well as structured and semi-structured interviews involving privacy, usefulness and usability. A video processing algorithm capable of detecting interactions between the hand and objects was applied to the home recordings.Results98.58±1.05 % of the obtained footage was usable and included 4 to 8 unique activities over a span of 3 to 7 days. The interaction detection algorithm yielded an F1-score of 0.75±0.15.ConclusionCapturing ADLs using an egocentric camera in the home environment after SCI is feasible. Considerations regarding privacy, ease of use of the devices and scheduling of recordings are provided.
A Behavioral Multispread Epidemic Model
Authors: Graziani Carlo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe introduce a class of epidemic models that represent multiple spread rates in terms of discrete behavior classes, rather than in terms of discrete compartments comprising individuals. The model is framed in terms of D behavior classes, each with its own spread rate. The population is represented as a density on the D-simplex, where each point is a D-vector f whose components sum to 1. Each component of f represents the fraction of time in which an individual spends engaging in the corresponding behavior. The evolution equation is an integro-differential equation on the D-simplex. The model is capable of describing the “superspreader” phenomenon in terms of behavior spread rates, as opposed to terms of individual infectivity. We show the existence of SIR-like separable solutions and discuss their stability. We explore the numeric properties of the model using a D = 3 case featuring a “safe” behavior, a moderate-spread behavior, and a superspread behavior.
PopART-IBM, a highly efficient stochastic individual-based simulation model of generalised HIV epidemics developed in the context of the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial
Authors: Pickles Michael , Cori Anne , Probert William , Sauter Rafael , Fidler Sarah , Ayles Helen , Bock Peter , Donnell Deborah , Wilson Ethan , Piwowar-Manning Estelle , Floyd Sian , Hayes Richard , Frase Christophe 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMathematical models are powerful tools in HIV epidemiology, producing quantitative projections of key indicators such as HIV incidence and prevalence. In order to improve the accuracy of predictions, such models need to incorporate a number of behavioural and biological heterogeneities, especially those related to the sexual network within which HIV transmission occurs. An individual-based model, which explicitly models sexual partnerships, is thus often the most natural type of model to choose. In this paper we present PopART-IBM, a computationally efficient individual-based model capable of simulating 50 years of an HIV epidemic in a large, high-prevalence community in under a minute. We show how the model calibrates within a Bayesian inference framework to detailed age- and sex-stratified data from multiple sources on HIV prevalence, awareness of HIV status, ART status, and viral suppression for an HPTN 071 (PopART) study community in Zambia, and present future projections of HIV prevalence and incidence for this community in the absence of trial intervention.
Seroprevalence and correlates of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies: Results from a population-based study in Bonn, Germany
Authors: Aziz N. Ahmad , Corman Victor M. , Echterhoff Antje K.C. , Richter Anja , Schmandke Antonio , Schmidt Marie Luisa , Schmidt Thomas H. , de Vries Folgerdiena M. , Drosten Christian , Breteler Monique M.B. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundAccurate estimates of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence are crucial for the implementation of effective public health measures, but are currently largely lacking in regions with low infection rates. This is further complicated by inadequate test performance of many widely used serological assays. We therefore aimed to assess SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in a region with low COVID-19 burden, especially focusing on neutralizing antibodies that presumably constitute a major component of acquired immunity.MethodsWe invited all individuals who were enrolled in the Rhineland Study, an ongoing community-based prospective cohort study in people aged 30 years and above in the city of Bonn, Germany (N=5427). Between April 24th and June 30th, 2020, 4771 (88%) of these individuals participated in the serosurvey. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were measured using an ELISA assay, and all positive or borderline results were subsequently examined through both a recombinant immunofluorescent assay and a plaque reduction neutralisation test (PRNT).FindingsSeroprevalence was 0·97% (95% CI: 0·72–1·30) by ELISA and 0·36% (95% CI: 0·21–0·61) by PRNT, and did not vary with either age or sex. All PRNT+ individuals reported having experienced at least one symptom (odds ratio (OR) of PRNT+ for each additional symptom: 1·12 (95% CI: 1·04–1·21)). Apart from living in a household with a SARS-CoV-2 confirmed or suspected person, a recent history of reduced taste or smell, fever, chills/hot flashes, pain while breathing, pain in arms/legs, as well as muscle pain and weakness were significantly associated with the presence of neutralizing antibodies in those with mild to moderate infection (ORs 3·44 to 9·97, all p<0·018).InterpretationOur findings indicate a relatively low SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Bonn, Germany (until June 30th, 2020), with neutralizing antibodies detectable in only one third of those with a positive immunoassay result, implying that almost the entire population in this region remains susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection.FundingThe Rhineland Study is predominantly funded through the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the Ministry of Culture and Science of the German State of North Rhine-Westphalia. The National Consultant Laboratory for Coronaviruses is funded by the Federal Ministry of Health (BMG). No additional funding was received for this seroprevalence study.
Real-time, interactive website for US-county level Covid-19 event risk assessment
Authors: Chande Aroon , Lee Seolha , Harris Mallory , Hilley Troy , Andris Clio , Weitz Joshua S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLarge events and gatherings, particularly those taking place indoors, have been linked to multi-transmission events that have accelerated the pandemic spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To provide real-time, geo-localized risk information, we developed an interactive online dashboard that estimates the risk that at least one individual with SARS-CoV-2 is present in gatherings of different sizes in the United States. The website combines documented case reports at the county level with ascertainment bias information obtained via population-wide serological surveys to estimate real time circulating, per-capita infection rates. These rates are updated daily as a means to visualize the risk associated with gatherings, including county maps and state-level plots. The website provides data-driven information to help individuals and policy-makers make prudent decisions (e.g., increasing mask wearing compliance and avoiding larger gatherings) that could help control the spread of SARS-CoV-2, particularly in hard-hit regions.
Fractal signatures of SARS-CoV2 coronavirus, the indicator matrix, the fractal dimension and the 2D directional wavelet transform: A comparative study with SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-like coronavirus
Authors: Ouadfeul Sid-Ali 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe main goal of this paper is to show the 2D fractal signatures of SARS-CoV2 coronavirus, indicator matrixes maps showing the concentration of nucleotide acids are built form the RNA sequences, and then the fractal dimension and 2D Directional Wavelet Transform (DCWT) are calculated. Analysis of 21 RNA sequences downloaded from NCBI database shows that indicator matrixes and 2D DCWT exhibit the same patterns with different positions, while the fractal dimensions are oscillating around 1.60. A comparison with SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-like Coronavirus shows slightly different fractal dimensions, however the indicator matrix and 2D DCWT exhibit the same patterns for the couple (SARS-CoV2, SARS-CoV) and (MERS-CoV, SARS-like) Coronavirus. Obtained results show that SARS-CoV2 is probably a result of SARS-CoV mutation process.
Bundle-specific associations between white matter microstructure and Aβ and tau pathology at their connecting cortical endpoints in older adults at risk of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Binette Alexa Pichet , Theaud Guillaume , Rheault François , Roy Maggie , Collins D. Louis , Breitner John C.S. , Poirier Judes , Descoteaux Maxime , Villeneuve Sylvia ,   for the PREVENT-AD Research Group
Published: August 2020

AbstractBeta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau proteins, the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), are believed to spread through connected regions. Combining diffusion imaging and positron emission tomography, we investigated associations between Aβ, tau and white matter microstructure specifically in bundles connecting brain regions in which AD pathology accumulates. In 126 cognitively normal elderly at risk of AD, we focussed on free-water corrected diffusion measures in the cingulum, posterior cingulum, fornix and uncinate fasciculus. We found higher tissue fractional anisotropy and lower mean and radial diffusivity related to increased Aβ at the cortical endpoints of the cingulum and fornix. We observed similar but stronger associations in the uncinate fasciculus, but with increased Aβ and tau at the endpoints of this bundle. This consistent pattern of associations, with opposite directionality to the usual degeneration pattern in symptomatic individuals, suggests more restricted diffusion in bundles vulnerable to preclinical AD pathology.