bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing social distancing policy measures in the battle against the coronavirus: protocol of a comparative study of Denmark and Sweden
Authors: Nilsen Per , Seing Ida , Ericsson Carin , Andersen Ove , Stefánsdóttir Nina Thórný , Tjørnhøj-Thomsen Tine , Kallemose Thomas , Kirk Jeanette Wassar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSocial distancing policies to ensure physical distance between people have become a crucial strategy in the battle against the spread of the coronavirus. The aim of this project is to analyze and compare social distancing policies implemented in Denmark and Sweden in 2020. Despite many similarities between the two countries, their response to the coronavirus pandemic differed markedly. Whereas authorities in Denmark initiated mandatory regulations and many severe restrictions, Swedish authorities predominantly promoted voluntary recommendations.MethodsThe project is an interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers in Denmark and Sweden with different disciplinary backgrounds. The project is based on a comparative analysis, an approach that attempts to reach conclusions beyond single cases and to explain differences and similarities between objects of analysis and relations between objects against the backdrop of their contextual conditions. Data will be gathered by means of document analysis, qualitative interviews, and a questionnaire survey to address three research questions: (1) What social distancing policies regarding the coronavirus have been formulated and implemented, who are the policymakers behind the policy measures, which implementers are expected to implement the measures, and who are the targets that the measures ultimately seek to influence? (2) How have the social distancing policies and policy measures been justified, and what types of knowledge form the basis for the measures? and (3) What are the differences and similarities in citizens’ perceptions of acceptability and compliance with social distancing policy measures in relation to the coronavirus?DiscussionTo create a structure for addressing the three research questions, the project applies a theoretical framework informed by the policy and implementation science literatures. The framework consists of five interdependent domains that have an impact on policy implementation: (1) policymakers, (2) policy characteristics, (3) implementers, (4) targets, and (5) policy environment. Details of the framework are provided in the article.
Follow-Up Care for Breast and Colorectal Cancer Across the Globe: Survey Findings From 27 Countries
Authors: Mollica Michelle A. , Mayer Deborah K. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Kim Youngmee , Buckenmaier Susan S. , Sivaram Sudha , Muha Catherine , Taib Nur Aishah , Andritsch Elisabeth , Asuzu Chioma C. , Bochis Ovidiu V. , Diaz Sheila , Trill Maria Die , Garcia Patricia J. , Grassi Luigi , Uchitomi Yosuke , Shaikh Asim Jamal , Jefford Michael , Lee Hyun Jeong , Johansen Christoffer , Luyirika Emmanuel , Maher Elizabeth Jane , Mallillin Maria Madeline B. , Maniragaba Theoneste , Mehnert-Theuerkauf Anja , Pramesh C. S. , Siesling Sabine , Spira Orit , Sussman Jonathan , Tang Lili , Hai Nguyen V. , Yalcin Suayib , Jacobsen Paul B. 
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to describe follow-up care for breast and colorectal cancer survivors in countries with varying levels of resources and highlight challenges regarding posttreatment survivorship care. METHODS We surveyed one key stakeholder from each of 27 countries with expertise in survivorship care on questions including the components/structure of follow-up care, delivery of treatment summaries and survivorship care plans, and involvement of primary care in survivorship. Descriptive analyses were performed to characterize results across countries and variations between the WHO income categories (low, middle, high). We also performed a qualitative content analysis of narratives related to survivorship care challenges to identify major themes. RESULTS Seven low- or /lower-middle-income countries (LIC/LMIC), seven upper-middle-income countries (UMIC), and 13 high-income countries (HICs) were included in this study. Results indicate that 44.4% of countries with a National Cancer Control Plan currently address survivorship care. Additional findings indicate that HICs use guidelines more often than those in LICs/LMICs and UMICs. There was great variation among countries regardless of income level. Common challenges include issues with workforce, communication and care coordination, distance/transportation issues, psychosocial support, and lack of focus on follow-up care. CONCLUSION This information can guide researchers, providers, and policy makers in efforts to improve the quality of survivorship care on a national and global basis. As the number of cancer survivors increases globally, countries will need to prioritize their long-term needs. Future efforts should focus on efforts to bridge oncology and primary care, building international partnerships, and implementation of guidelines.
Fear of Cancer Recurrence in Patients With Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bergerot Cristiane Decat , Battle Dena , Philip Errol J. , Bergerot Paulo Gustavo , Msaouel Pavlos , Smith Allan ‘Ben’ , Bamgboje Adeola Esther , Shuch Brian , Derweesh Ithaar H. , Jonasch Eric , Stern Adam P. , Pal Sumanta K. , Staehler Michael 
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE: Patients with cancer commonly report distress and fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) impacting quality of life and clinical outcomes. This study aims to test the association between emotional well-being and clinical characteristics of survivors with localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Survivors with localized RCC were invited to participate in this study through social media by the Kidney Cancer Research Alliance. Participants self-reported clinical characteristics, distress (Distress Thermometer), and FCR (Fear of Cancer Recurrence-7). Ordinal regression was used to test the association between emotional well-being and patient characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 412 survivors were included in this analysis. Participants were mostly female (79.4%) and well educated (58.3%), with a median age of 54 years (range, 30-80 years) and median time since diagnosis of 17.5 months. More than one half were diagnosed with stage I disease (56.1%). Most patients (62.3%) had a clear understanding of their diagnosis. A high prevalence of moderate to severe distress (67.0%) and FCR (54.9%) was reported across all survivors of RCC. Higher FCR was associated with female gender, younger age, and lack of understanding of their diagnosis ( P = .001), whereas more recent diagnosis was associated with higher distress levels ( P = .01). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that FCR is a common problem that is persistent after therapy and that certain individuals, including female and younger patients, may be at particular risk of experiencing clinically relevant FCR.
Applying the ASCO and European Society for Medical Oncology Value Frameworks to Nasopharyngeal Cancer Treatments: Is Adding Induction Chemotherapy or Adjuvant Chemotherapy to Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Worthwhile?
Authors: Tan Teng Hwee , Soon Yu Yang , Cheo Timothy , Wong Lea Choung , Leong Yiat Horng , Tey Jeremy C.S. , Ho Francis 
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE: To determine and compare the incremental clinical benefit (ICB) and costs of induction chemotherapy (IC) when added to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), concurrent chemotherapy (CC) when added to radiotherapy (RT), and CC plus adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) when added to RT for locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer (LA-NPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported overall survival benefit with the use of IC, CC, and CC + AC in LA-NPC. We quantified the ICB using the ASCO and European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) value frameworks. We calculated the incremental drug costs in US dollars using the lowest average wholesale price reported in the Lexicomp drug database. RESULTS: We identified three RCTs on IC, three RCTs on CC, and four RCTs on CC + AC. The ICB was judged to be grade A based on the ESMO framework. The ASCO Net Health Benefit score ranged from 17.43 to 57.39. The incremental drug costs ranged from $133.46 to $626.14. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean Net Health Benefit scores (39.37 for IC v 37.61 for CC v 33.98 for CC + AC; P = .89) and costs ($383 for IC v $253 for CC v $460 for CC + AC; P = .27) between the three approaches. There was no statistically significant correlation between ICB and costs. CONCLUSION: The magnitudes of ICB and incremental drug costs of adding of IC to CCRT, CC to RT, and CC + AC to RT for LA-NPC are not significantly different.
Pandemic Politics: Timing State-Level Social Distancing Responses to COVID-19
Authors: Adolph Christopher , Amano Kenya , Bang-Jensen Bree , Fullman Nancy , Wilkerson John 
Published: September 2020

AbstractContext: Social distancing is an essential but economically painful measure to flatten the curve of emergent infectious diseases. As the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19 spread throughout the United States in early 2020, the federal government left to the states the difficult and consequential decisions about when to cancel events, close schools and businesses, and issue stay-at-home orders.Methods: The authors present an original, detailed dataset of state-level social distancing policy responses to the epidemic; they then apply event history analysis to study the timing of implementation of five social distancing policies across all 50 states.Results: The most important predictor of when states adopted social distancing policies is political: all else equal, states led by Republican governors were slower to implement such policies during a critical window of early COVID-19 response.Conclusions: Continuing actions driven by partisanship rather than by public health expertise and scientific recommendations may exact greater tolls on health and broader society.
FaceBase 3: analytical tools and FAIR resources for craniofacial and dental research
Authors: Samuels Bridget D. , Aho Robert , Brinkley James F. , Bugacov Alejandro , Feingold Eleanor , Fisher Shannon , Gonzalez-Reiche Ana S. , Hacia Joseph G. , Hallgrimsson Benedikt , Hansen Karissa , Harris Matthew P. , Ho Thach-Vu , Holmes Greg , Hooper Joan E. , Jabs Ethylin Wang , Jones Kenneth L. , Kesselman Carl , Klein Ophir D. , Leslie Elizabeth J. , Li Hong , Liao Eric C. , Long Hannah , Lu Na , Maas Richard L. , Marazita Mary L. , Mohammed Jaaved , Prescott Sara , Schuler Robert , Selleri Licia , Spritz Richard A. , Swigut Tomek , van Bakel Harm , Visel Axel , Welsh Ian , Williams Cristina , Williams Trevor J. , Wysocka Joanna , Yuan Yuan , Chai Yang 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The FaceBase Consortium was established by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research in 2009 as a ‘big data’ resource for the craniofacial research community. Over the past decade, researchers have deposited hundreds of annotated and curated datasets on both normal and disordered craniofacial development in FaceBase, all freely available to the research community on the FaceBase Hub website. The Hub has developed numerous visualization and analysis tools designed to promote integration of multidisciplinary data while remaining dedicated to the FAIR principles of data management (findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability) and providing a faceted search infrastructure for locating desired data efficiently. Summaries of the datasets generated by the FaceBase projects from 2014 to 2019 are provided here. FaceBase 3 now welcomes contributions of data on craniofacial and dental development in humans, model organisms and cell lines. Collectively, the FaceBase Consortium, along with other NIH-supported data resources, provide a continuously growing, dynamic and current resource for the scientific community while improving data reproducibility and fulfilling data sharing requirements.
Stbd1 promotes glycogen clustering during endoplasmic reticulum stress and supports survival of mouse myoblasts
Authors: Lytridou Andria A. , Demetriadou Anthi , Christou Melina , Potamiti Louiza , Mastroyiannopoulos Nikolas P. , Kyriacou Kyriacos , Phylactou Leonidas A. , Drousiotou Anthi , Petrou Petros P. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Imbalances in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis provoke a condition known as ER stress and activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway, an evolutionarily conserved cell survival mechanism. Here, we show that mouse myoblasts respond to UPR activation by stimulating glycogenesis and the formation of α-amylase-degradable, glycogen-containing ER structures. We demonstrate that the glycogen-binding protein Stbd1 is markedly upregulated through the PERK signalling branch of the UPR pathway and is required for the build-up of glycogen structures in response to ER stress activation. In the absence of ER stress, Stbd1 overexpression is sufficient to induce glycogen clustering but does not stimulate glycogenesis. Glycogen structures induced by ER stress are degraded under conditions of glucose restriction through a process that does not depend on autophagosome–lysosome fusion. Furthermore, we provide evidence that failure to induce glycogen clustering during ER stress is associated with enhanced activation of the apoptotic pathway. Our results reveal a so far unknown response of mouse myoblasts to ER stress and uncover a novel specific function of Stbd1 in this process, which may have physiological implications during myogenic differentiation.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Mitofusin 2 but not mitofusin 1 mediates Bcl-XL-induced mitochondrial aggregation
Authors: Du Mengyan , Yu Si , Su Wenhua , Zhao Mengxin , Yang Fangfang , Liu Yangpei , Mai Zihao , Wang Yong , Wang Xiaoping , Chen Tongsheng 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Bcl-2 family proteins, as central players of the apoptotic program, participate in regulation of the mitochondrial network. Here, a quantitative live-cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) two-hybrid assay was used to confirm the homo-/hetero-oligomerization of mitofusins 2 and 1 (MFN2 and MFN1), and also demonstrate the binding of MFN2 to MFN1 with 1:1 stoichiometry. A FRET two-hybrid assay for living cells co-expressing CFP-labeled Bcl-XL (an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein encoded by BCL2L1) and YFP-labeled MFN2 or MFN1 demonstrated the binding of MFN2 or MFN1 to Bcl-XL with 1:1 stoichiometry. Neither MFN2 nor MFN1 bound with monomeric Bax in healthy cells, but both MFN2 and MFN1 bind to punctate Bax (pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein) during apoptosis. Oligomerized Bak (also known as BAK1; a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein) only associated with MFN1 but not MFN2. Moreover, co-expression of Bcl-XL with MFN2 or MFN1 had the same anti-apoptotic effect as the expression of Bcl-XL alone to staurosporine-induced apoptosis, indicating the Bcl-XL has its full anti-apoptotic ability when complexed with MFN2 or MFN1. However, knockdown of MFN2 but not MFN1 reduced mitochondrial aggregation induced by overexpression of Bcl-XL, indicating that MFN2 but not MFN1 mediates Bcl-XL-induced mitochondrial aggregation.
Pneumococcal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in mother-baby pairs in a rural community in Eastern Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Madut Akech Gabriel , Naloli Mercy , Sebwami Paul , Kazibwe Patrick , Atwikiriize Maureen , Onyait Julius , Oboth Paul , Nteziyaremye Julius , Nekaka Rebecca , Iramiot Jacob Stanley 
Published: September 2020

Background: Pneumonia poses a significant threat to the lives of children below five years old worldwide, contributing to a high number of hospitalizations and death. Morbidity and morbidity are especially common in children under five and the elderly, although any age group can be affected. This study aimed to estimate pneumococcal carriage and determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the pneumococci isolated from mother-baby pairs in Ngora district after the rollout of the pneumococcal vaccine. We hypothesized that high carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in mothers leads to carriage in their babies and hence a greater chance of contracting pneumonia. Methods: Consecutive sampling was used to select 152 mother-baby pairs from community visits and those seeking care at the health facility. We collected nasal swabs from both baby and mother for culture and sensitivity testing using the Kirby-Bauer’s agar disc diffusion method. Results: This study found that there was a low prevalence of pneumococcal carriage in the mother-baby pair in Ngora district. We also observed high rates of microbial resistance to penicillin, which is the first-line drug for the management of pneumonia in Uganda. Conclusions: The relationship between pneumococcal carriage and immunization status suggests that the pneumococcal vaccine is protective against pneumococcal carriage. Resistance of S. pneumoniae to commonly used antibiotics was high.
Role of scattering by surface roughness in the photoacoustic detection
of hidden micro-structures
Authors: Verrina Vanessa , Edward Stephen , Zhang Hao , Antoncecchi Alessandro , Witte Stefan , Planken Paul 
Published: September 2020

We present an experimental study in which we compare two different
pump–probe setups to generate and detect high-frequency laser-induced
ultrasound for the detection of gratings buried underneath optically
opaque metal layers. One system is built around a high-fluence,
low-repetition-rate femtosecond laser (1 kHz) and the other around a
low-fluence, high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser (5.1 MHz). We find
that the signal diffracted by the acoustic replica of the grating as a
function of pump–probe time delay is very different for the two setups
used. We attribute this difference to the presence of a constant
background field due to optical scattering by interface roughness. In
the low-fluence setup, the optical field diffracted by the acoustic
replica is significantly weaker than the background optical field,
with which it can destructively or constructively interfere. For the
right phase difference between the optical fields, this can lead to a
significant “amplification” of the weak field diffracted off the
grating-shaped acoustic waves. For the high-fluence system, the
situation is reversed because the field diffracted off the
acoustic-wave-induced grating is significantly larger than the
background optical field. Our measurements show that optical
scattering by interface roughness must be taken into account to
properly explain experiments on laser-induced ultrasound performed
with high-repetition-rate laser systems and can be used to enhance
signal strength.
Fiber laser system for standoff coherent Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Vicentini Edoardo , Gambetta Alessio , Galzerano Gianluca , Laporta Paolo , Curtis Kelly , McEwan Kenneth , Howle Christopher R. , Coluccelli Nicola 
Published: September 2020

A fiber laser system for standoff detection of chemical and biological species by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering is presented. The system is based on an ytterbium fiber laser and a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber for generation of broadband pump/Stokes pulses. High-resolution Raman spectra encompassing the fingerprint region (

600
−
1600

c
m

−
1

) are obtained for toluene, and two simulants of chemical and biological warfare agents, specifically dimethyl methylphosphonate and sodium dipicolinate. The system is operated at standoff distances of 2 m and integration times of 8 ms. The fiber technology makes the approach suitable for implementation as a compact standoff detection and identification system.
Single-photon stored-light Ramsey interferometry using Rydberg polaritons
Authors: Jiao Yuechun , Spong Nicholas L. R. , Hughes Oliver D. W. , So Chloe , Ilieva Teodora , Weatherill Kevin J. , Adams Charles S. 
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate a single-photon stored-light interferometer, where a photon is stored in a laser-cooled atomic ensemble in the form of a Rydberg polariton with a spatial extent of

10
×
1
×
1

µ

m

3

. The photon is subject to a Ramsey sequence, i.e., “split” into a superposition of two paths. After a delay of up to 450 ns, the two paths are recombined to give an output dependent on their relative phase. The superposition time of 450 ns is equivalent to a free-space propagation distance of 135 m. We show that the interferometer fringes are sensitive to external fields and suggest that stored-light interferometry could be useful for localized sensing applications.
Low-noise high-order Raman fiber laser pumped by random lasing
Authors: Han Bing , Rao Yunjiang , Wu Han , Yao Jiazhen , Guan Hongjian , Ma Rui , Wang Zinan 
Published: September 2020

Raman fiber lasers (RFLs) have been widely utilized in long-haul optical transmission systems as pump sources for distributed Raman amplification (DRA) to increase transmission distance and capacity. However, RFLs with relatively large temporal intensity fluctuations would deteriorate signal quality due to the transfer of relative intensity noise (RIN). In this Letter, a low-noise high-order RFL common cavity pumped by an ytterbium-doped random fiber laser (YRFL) is proposed and demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Stable 4th-order random Raman lasing operating at 1365 nm is generated with 8.9 W of output power, without use of a multi-stage master oscillation power amplification system. Thanks to the YRFL common-cavity pumping where a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM)-assisted fiber–loop mirror is used to generate stable 1090 nm ytterbium-doped random lasing and cascaded random Raman lasing simultaneously, the RIN of the 1365 nm RFL is suppressed as low as

−

120

d
B

/

H
z

without any peak over a 0–100 MHz span. Furthermore, the output power and lasing wavelength of this RFL can be flexibly tuned by adjusting the laser diode pump power, high-reflectivity fiber Bragg grating center wavelength, and single-mode fiber length. Hence, such a low-noise high-order RFL paves a way for the development of novel tunable RFLs with stable temporal output, leading to potential replacement of conventional RFLs for DRA in long-haul optical transmission systems to achieve better performances.
Economic policy supporting social well-being. Remarks on the margin of Ludwig Erhard’s book “Prosperity for All”
Authors: Łuszczyk Marcin 
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the article is to present the achievements of Ludwig Erhard in the field of economic policy and his vision of social well-being. Immediately after World War II, Erhard was the main author of Germany’s economic policy. Based on the principles of ordoliberalism, the social market economy became the source of economic success.
Under the Constitution, also in Poland the social market economy forms the basis of the economic system. However, it turns out that the actions taken differ significantly from Erhard’s original concept, and sometimes even close to the model of the socialist economic order. The state’s interference in market processes is growing, ad hoc decisions are more and more often made, calculated more to improve the current situation than to ensure lasting prosperity.