bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical study on the influence of suspension damping on the bogie vertical vibration
Authors: Dumitriu M , Gheți M A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The paper presents a study on the influence of suspension damping (SD) on bogie vertical vibrations generated by vertical track irregularities. The study is based on the results of the numerical simulations developed on the basis of a linear model with seven-degree of freedom of the bogie-track system, that takes into account the rigid vertical vibration modes of the bogie – bounce and pitch, vertical displacements of the wheels and rails, and the wheel-rail contact elasticity. The bogie vibration behaviour is assessed based on the dynamic response of the bogie chassis, expressed as the power spectral density of the vertical acceleration (PSD acceleration) at three reference points – at the bogie chassis centre and over the axles, and root mean square of vertical acceleration (RMS acceleration). It is highlighted the main characteristics of the bogie vibration behaviour according to the SD in correlation with the speed and quality of the railway track.
The influence of multi-speed transmissions on electric vehicles energy consumption
Authors: Rențea C , Oprean M , Bățăuș M , Frățilă G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The electric vehicle (EV) represents an important option in the process of road transport decarbonization. The limited driving range and high speed performances are obstacles for EV customer acceptance. While until now the emphasis for the improvement was on battery, power electronics and motor technologies, it becomes obvious that the transmission must be also addressed. The extensively used single-ratio transmission can satisfy the demands of city use, but do not attain other important functional needs that are ensured by conventional and hybrid electric vehicles. The aim of this paper is to analyse the energy consumption of an EV with multi-speed transmission in five test cycles among which Worldwide Harmonized Light duty Test Cycle (WLTC) is considered. This study is done by means of simulation using a model specifically developed in a simulation environment. In the interest of analysing the performances in several test cycles, one needs to compare global parameters such as: vehicle speed fluctuation (VSF), overall transmission efficiency, energy consumption ratio (ECR). A comparison between test cycles is made taking into consideration a relative parameter (ECR). The correlation between ECR and VSF is investigated as well. The results are also compared with those produced for a vehicle with diesel engine.
The influence of the roof frame on the stiffness of a bus structure
Authors: Iozsa M D , David V C , Manea A M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to respect the more stringent emissions regulations, the weight of the bus must be optimized. The bus structures weight can be lowered by decreasing the thickness of the its components. By doing so, the stiffness of the structure will be affected. A deeper understanding of how different elements influence the stiffness is necessary, for optimizing the bus structure. The aim of this paper is to study the influence of the roof frame on the stiffness of the bus structure. Two cases are studied, one in which the roof frame forms a common body with the side frames, and one in which the roof frame is a standalone component, attached to the side frames via connecting elements and steel plates. The stiffness and the weight of the two bus structures are compared. Using a standalone roof frame gives a better flexibility for optimizing the structure, by choosing a different thickness or material for the frame, increasing the stiffness and reducing the weight.
An analysis of the required energy consumption to tow a classical passenger train with an electric locomotive
Authors: Arsene S , Popa G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ensuring a transport system to increase the mobility of goods and people is one of the great challenges of the modern world. This mobility directly affects the environment. At international level, the regulations adopted in recent years are increasingly stricter with regard to reducing the level of carbon dioxide (CO2). In this context, in many countries, the rail transport system has drawn attention to its performance. This paper seeks to carry out an estimation of electricity consumption in a railway sector in Romania. Taking into account the constructive characteristics of the towing section, the motor vehicle (locomotive) and the at vehicles towed (wagons) that are part of the train, an estimate of the electric power consumption required for the train movement can be made.
Telemetric System for Silesian Greenpower’s Vehicle
Authors: Stalica A , Błachuta M , Baier A , Żur P , Kołodziej A , Konopka P , Komander M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The paper presents stages of creating a measurement system for a light-weight electric vehicle of the Silesian Greenpower team. The aim of the work was to design a measuring device and mobile application for drivers and the team. The system itself consists of a measuring device, applications for Android and Windows. The purpose of the device was to provide information about the car in real time. The collected data is saved and displayed on the driver’s phone. At the same time, the data is stored in a database, which allows the whole team to observe current parameters. Working of the measurement system has been described in the paper. Screenshots from individual applications, a specification of selected sensors and source code of the created applications have been presented. The summary of the project are graphs showing the smooth operation of the measurement system during races taking place on the Rockingham circuit in the UK.
Designing and verifying the concept of Silesian Greenpower electric bolide structure
Authors: Baier A , Komander M , Nowak A , Konopka P , Kołodziej A , Żur P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The purpose of the following paper is to demonstrate the thought processes behind the design and verification of the electric race car structure. The developed structures were modelled in the CAD environment of Siemens NX 10.0 program. The main aim of inventing different solutions was to improve the characteristics of the car. These characteristics include, for instance, aerodynamic drag and gearbox friction. After the framework was established, work on the shape of the body began. The body alterations are understood as reducing the overall width of the car, decreasing the cross-section area and tilting the sides of the sheathing in order to minimise the generated aerodynamic drag. All elements were verified computationally to check whether they can be improved by altering their geometry. Main condition upon which every modification was made was to switch from the previous belt transmission to the newly designed chain transmission. The most significant change in the frame was reducing the back-section width in order to accommodate the chain transmission. Furthermore, it was required to enable easy switching of the transmission from chain to belt. Next step of the project was adding the mechanism enabling the tilting of wheels rotational axis in relation to the ground.
An overview on the Miller-Atkinson over-expansion thermodynamic cycle
Authors: Niculae M , Clenci A , Iorga-Simăn V , Niculescu R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The tightening of pollution and greenhouse gas regulations generated a change in the homologation procedure, i.e., a far more dynamic driving cycle and the testing of the vehicle in real driving conditions are now part of the type approval procedure. In order to cope with these new challenges, the car manufacturers must adopt new technologies such as Miller-Atkinson cycle, which lately started to grow in popularity. This being the context, our paper’s main purpose is to present the particularities of this over-expansion thermodynamic cycle, mainly underlining its effect on the internal aerodynamic of the spark ignition engine.
Simulation of heat exchange between a digital instrument transformer and its environment for operation in emergency and unfavorable weather conditions
Authors: Gotovkina E E , Lebedev V D , Parfenov G I , Smirnov N N , Tyutikov V V 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Reliable functioning of electric power grids to a large extent depends on the serviceability of each unit in the given power system, subject to the impact of various unfavorable factors, namely grid operation mode and weather conditions, such as elevated ambient temperatures, insolation and no-wind. These environmental parameters have a significant negative impact on the process of heat removal from electrical equipment, which may result in its overheating and breakdown. ISPEU staff have developed and put into operation innovative design digital current and voltage instrument transformers. The purpose of the present study is to examine the impact of insolation, ambient temperature and emergency operating modes on the thermal state of transformers. A mathematical model of heat exchange for a 6(10) kV transformer was developed and verified with the results of physical experiments conducted in an environmental chamber. Heat exchange between the transformer and its environment was simulated for a July day in Sochi in nominal and emergency operating modes, and also with various values of heat conductivity of electrical insulation sealant used. It was discovered that maximum influence on transformer thermal state is exerted by self-heating of instrument resistors at elevated voltage levels.
Comparison of electric powers measured with digital devices relative to powers associated with distinctive physical phenomena
Authors: Zajkowski K , Rusica I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The article discusses the methods of measuring electrical powers in general-purpose digital devices. Based on the described algorithms, the measured values were classified and compared with the powers determined from the Currents’ Physical Component (CPC) power theory for single-phase and three-phase circuits. The results of calculations for an example measuring circuit were compared. The criticism of the measurement methods used today is presented. The method of measuring the CPC powers has been outlined.
Hardware error estimation model of signal reception in the task of monitoring the tightness of gas engineering systems
Authors: Malysheva A A , Gnezdilova O A , Pavlova A A , Ovsienco A S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We propose a solution of the task of improving the accuracy of estimates of gas flow in gas engineering systems. Performed an analytical review of works of leading scientists in the field of the theory of supply. It has been established that the question of control and to prevent gas leaks remains relevant now. It is proved, that for engineering systems use gas for domestic purposes, where low pressure set leaks quite difficult due to the large spread of points of vulnerability, also the greatest risk are low-intensity gas leaks, that hardly controlled by hardware due to accounting errors. The analysis of constructive solutions to the engineering supply systems of low pressure. Installed geometric variety. Accepted hypothesis about the impact of the quantity and type of butt joints leak gas pipeline systems engineering in General. An algorithm is presented for vulnerability assessment elements engineering gas supply systems for leaks. The mathematical model for the evaluation of measuring error of parametric parameter of gas flow in the system. The technique for monitoring the tightness of gas systems engineering with the rationale for selecting the method of evaluation of error results.
Developing affordable housing for low-income households in developing countries using participative payment
Authors: Berawi M A , Aulidtyo R , Miraj P , Gunawan  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The government of Indonesia attempt to increase the standard living of the low-income households by providing affordable housing. The concept is implemented in Jakarta-the capital city of Indonesia as the pilot project in the past years. However, the operation faces several obstacles, and one of them is the debt of rental fees from the households from 2013 to 2017 about US$ 2,013,888.89 for all affordable housing exist in Jakarta. This research attempt to evaluate the potential business that can be implemented on the site to improve the payment capability from users. Marunda Affordable Housing in North Jakarta and Cipinang Besar Selatan in East Jakarta will be used as the case studies. Pairwise comparison and life-cycle cost approach are adopted to achieve the targeted objectives. The result shows a different type of business that can be applied to both case studies. One is related to marine processing industry, while the other is suitable with the manufacturing industry. Both business proposals generate a significant rate of return above minimum attractiveness rate of return in the related industry.
Developing port-city conceptual design to improve regional industry competitiveness
Authors: Berawi M A , Muljono T E , Miraj P , Gunawan  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
As an archipelago country, Indonesia continues to face significant problems with port infrastructures and coastal area including financial shortage, complex bureaucracy not to mention development priority. Port-city is one of a city concept aims to facilitate the regional development by taking port as the hub for economic activities and mobility. This research use Dumai port in Riau Province, the Republic of Indonesia as the case study to evaluate the potential implementation of the port-city concept. Two methods are being used to evaluate the project feasibility namely life-cycle cost approach and public-private partnership scheme. It will regulate the division of responsibility between identified parties. The result shows three components to develop the concept including the port, industrial area and supporting infrastructure. This concept may generate 10.37% of the internal rate of return. This research also suggest public-private partnership scheme to generate optimum division of responsibility between each parties in the project.
The Permeability of Portland Cement-Stabilized Clay Shale
Authors: Diana W , Hartono E , Muntohar A S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Research on the effect of Portland cement on the improvement of problematic soil has been extensively studied in many years and many places. Soil stabilization using cement has improved the strength and durability, enhanced the performance of the problematic soil such as clay shale. However, most studies in the field of Portland cement-stabilized soil have only focused on strength and durability improvement and the information on permeability characteristic has not adequately provided. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Portland cement stabilization on the consistency limits and permeability of the clay shale. The Portland cement content was varied from 2% to 10% by weight of dry soil. The stabilized clayshale specimens were cured for seven days before the testing. Constant head permeability method (method A) of the ASTM D5084 was used to determine the coefficient of permeability. The result shows that both the liquid limits and plastic limits decrease with increased Portland cement content, hence the plasticity index of the soil-PC mixing decrease. The permeability coefficient of the soil mixed with 2% of cement increased about 14 times greater than the untreated soil. Increase in cement content tends to decrease the coefficient of permeability.
Experimental Study of Mortar Compressive Strength with Anadara Granosa Powder as a Substitute for Partial Use of Cement
Authors: Sandjaya A , Tavio  , Christianto D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Making cement produces carbon dioxide (CO2) gas which results in the greenhouse effect. To reduce the use of cement, alternative materials are examined. One of the raw materials for making cement is limestone. Limestone is a sedimentary rock mainly composed of calcium carbonate. Blood clams (Anadara Granosa) are tried to replace cement because they have a high calcium carbonate mineral composition. Blood clams are crushed into powder and filtered using No.325 filter. Cement is replaced by weight by 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Mortar specimens in the form of cubes with a size of 5 cm. Mortar compressive strength test was carried out at 7 and 28 days. Anadara Granosa powder reacts very weakly with water and increases the initial compressive strength of the mortar. The results of Anadara Granosa mortar compressive strength test at 7 days were higher than normal mortar. The most efficient composition is indicated by cement replacement of 20%.
A distribution strategy using a two-step optimization to maximize blood services considering stochastic travel times
Authors: Nurprihatin Filscha , Elnathan Refael , Rumawan Ruth Elisa , Regina Tasya 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The blood service is a health service that utilizes human blood as basic material with humanitarian purposes, not for commercial one. Indonesian hospital ability in blood transfusions is generally still low, especially in terms of blood supply adequacy. In fact, there are still some provinces that experience excess blood supply while many other provinces experience a shortage of blood supply. The Blood Bank in Jakarta has the highest excess blood supply. Therefore, the blood can be transferred evenly from one province to another nearby province. The aim of this paper is to determine the allocation and the route of blood distribution to achieve the minimum travel times. Some variations in travel time are difficult to predict, so we take into account the stochastic properties of them. The effectiveness of blood distribution is very dependent on the accuracy of the target number of beneficiaries and the accuracy of the number of blood bags received in distribution activities. Meanwhile, the efficiency of blood bag distribution is measured by distribution routes that are directly related to transportation costs. This study uses a two-step optimization model to reach optimality. The first step is utilizing the transportation model to make sure the destination points are only the fastest to arrive. The second step is making use of the capacitated vehicle routing problem to ensure the routing is global optimal. This model successfully creates better blood demand fulfillment while minimizing transportation cost.
The role of scrap rubber size against the characteristics of ballast layer
Authors: Rosyidi S A P , Setiawan D M , Budiyantoro C , Bintari L N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This research utilizes scrap rubber from motorcycle tires as a ballast layer mixture component. A compression test method was used with three test samples: ballast (sample I), ballast with 10% uniform graded scrap rubber (sample II) and ballast with 10% continuous graded scrap rubber (sample III). This research aims to analyze the elastic modulus, durability and vertical deformation of the ballast layer. It can be concluded that the elastic modulus of sample I, II, and III was 14.28 MPa, 8.53 MPa, and 3.10 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the abrasion of sample I, II, and III was 162.1 gr (3.24%), 54.2 gr (1.08%), and 50.1 gr (1%). Furthermore, at the same number of vertical deformation (5 mm), the sample I was able to receive the most considerable load that is 1980.9 Kg, followed by sample II by 1252.2 Kg and sample III by 443.7 Kg.
Evaluation of Technical Specifications of Gradation Course Base Subdrain Layer Structure on Road
Authors: Hutasoit E O , Prastyanto C A , Lasminto U 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Subdrain layer is a type of pavement that can reduce excess water from rainwater so that it can seep into the ground. The purpose of this research is to find the relationship between the optimal water velocity to pass through the base layer and maximum carrying capacity. Sieve analysis was carried out to obtain aggregate gradation variations by modifying the Bina Marga Standards 2010. There are 5 different types of gradations used based on the reduction in the percentage of filler specifications of 8%, 5%, 4%, 3%, and 0%. Calculation of fillers is used to find out the weight of aggregate each sieve size. In addition, the compaction test was carried out on ASTM D Modified 1883 - 87 to obtain optimum water content by using from the maximum dry density curve. The results of compaction the maximum dry density varies with the range 1,911-1,981 gr/cm3. The results of the maximum dry density show that the optimum water content varies between 9-10%. Next, the test sample is reused for CBR testing which aims to determine the carrying capacity of the test sample. Results tend to decrease when the filler is reduced. Obtained CBR test results is in the range of 62-74%. The sample is reused for the infiltration test to find the speed of the water capable of passing the test sample. Based on the results of the infiltration test, the constant infiltration rate varies from 3.143 to 6.750 mm/minute. The constant speed tends to increase when the percentage of filler decreases.
Assessment of the quality of well water in the spatial terraces of river code in Yogyakarta Indonesia
Authors: Sriyono E , Sardi  , Kresnanto N C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Many residents live on the banks of the Yogyakarta Code River. Some of them are still there who dispose of liquid waste directly into the river so that it has the potential to pollute the environment. Pollution also occurs in population wells. In general the condition of the riverbank is terraced, so that liquid waste originating from terrace 1 (the top) will flow to terrace 2 (the middle part), then flow to terrace 3 (bottom), and finally enter the river. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of well water on the banks of the River Code, based on DO parameters, pH, DHL, Temperature, TDS, and E-Coli bacteria and to ascertain whether there was a direct correlation of pollution accumulation from high elevation to low elevation. The methods used include: identification of wells, measurement of the position of the well with GPS, plotting the location of wells to maps, sampling of well water, analyzing the quality of well water in the laboratory, and assessing the spatial water pollution of the well. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is a decrease in the quality of well water from high elevation to low elevation so that the quality of well water at low elevations is worse than the quality of well water at higher elevations. So that there is a direct correlation of accumulated pollution from well water at high elevations to lower elevations in the terraces of the Code River banks.
Study of suspended sediment transport discharge of Serayu River, Central Java, Indonesia in laboratory
Authors: Pranoto W A , Johan J , Reynaldo  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sedimentation is a natural phenomena that occurs in rivers in Indonesia, including Serayu River in Central of Java, Indonesia. The sedimentation will result in siltation on the riverbed that reducing river function. Suspended load is one of the main factor that cause of sedimentation, therefore research is needed to to determine the amount of sedimentation. knowledge about suspended sediment transport has been developed by several experts in the water sector. This research is done by creating a simulation of the flow of water so that made a susoended load drift. This research was done by using the sediment that pass sieve No.200. The result from the research is knowing the correlation between water discharge and suspended sediment discharge. The result from laboratory then will be compared with Enstein’s; Chang, Simon and Richardson’s; and Lane and Kalinske’s approach.