bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin suppresses chronic restraint stress-mediated metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer via NE/AKT/β-catenin/SLUG axis
Authors: Bu Shixia , Wang Qian , Sun Junyan , Li Xiao , Gu Tingting , Lai Dongmei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChronic stress has been shown to facilitate progression of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), however, the neuro-endocranial mechanism participating in this process still remains unclear. Here, we reported that chronic restraint stress (CRS) promoted the abdominal implantation metastasis of EOC cells and the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition-related markers in tumor-bearing mouse model, including TWIST, SLUG, SNAIL, and β-catenin. We observed that β-catenin co-expressed with SLUG and norepinephrine (NE) in tumor tissues obtained from nude mice. Further ex vivo experiments revealed that NE promoted migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells and SLUG expression through upregulating expression and improving transcriptional function of β-catenin in vitro. A human phosphor-kinase array suggested that NE activated various kinases in ovarian cancer cells, and we further confirmed that AKT inhibitor reduced NE-mediated pro-metastatic impacts and activation of the β-catenin/SLUG axis. Furthermore, the expression levels of NE and β-catenin were examined in ovarian tumor tissues by using tumor tissue arrays. Results showed that the expression levels of both NE and β-catenin were associated with poor clinical stage of serous EOC. Moreover, we found that melatonin (MLT) effectively reduced the abdominal tumor burden of ovarian cancer induced by CRS, which was partially related to the inhibition of the NE/AKT/β-catenin/SLUG axis. Collectively, these findings suggest a novel mechanism for CRS-mediated ovarian cancer metastasis and MLT has a potential therapeutic efficacy against ovarian cancer.
Micro triboelectric ultrasonic device for acoustic energy transfer and signal communication
Authors: Chen Chen , Wen Zhen , Shi Jihong , Jian Xiaohua , Li Peiyang , Yeow John T. W. , Sun Xuhui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs a promising energy converter, the requirement for miniaturization and high-accuracy of triboelectric nanogenerators always remains urgent. In this work, a micro triboelectric ultrasonic device was developed by integrating a triboelectric nanogenerator and micro-electro-mechanical systems technology. To date, it sets a world record for the smallest triboelectric device, with a 50 µm-sized diaphragm, and enables the working frequency to be brought to megahertz. This dramatically improves the miniaturization and chip integration of the triboelectric nanogenerator. With 63 kPa@1 MHz ultrasound input, the micro triboelectric ultrasonic device can generate the voltage signal of 16.8 mV and 12.7 mV through oil and sound-attenuation medium, respectively. It also achieved the signal-to-ratio of 20.54 dB and exhibited the practical potential for signal communication by modulating the incident ultrasound. Finally, detailed optimization approaches have also been proposed to further improve the output power of the micro triboelectric ultrasonic device.
Closed-loop control of a GaAs-based singlet-triplet spin qubit with 99.5% gate fidelity and low leakage
Authors: Cerfontaine Pascal , Botzem Tim , Ritzmann Julian , Humpohl Simon Sebastian , Ludwig Arne , Schuh Dieter , Bougeard Dominique , Wieck Andreas D. , Bluhm Hendrik 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSemiconductor spin qubits have recently seen major advances in coherence time and control fidelities, leading to a single-qubit performance that is on par with other leading qubit platforms. Most of this progress is based on microwave control of single spins in devices made of isotopically purified silicon. For controlling spins, the exchange interaction is an additional key ingredient which poses new challenges for high-fidelity control. Here, we demonstrate exchange-based single-qubit gates of two-electron spin qubits in GaAs double quantum dots. Using careful pulse optimization and closed-loop tuning, we achieve a randomized benchmarking fidelity of (99.50±0.04)% and a leakage rate of 0.13% out of the computational subspace. These results open new perspectives for microwave-free control of singlet-triplet qubits in GaAs and other materials.
A glycoprotein B-neutralizing antibody structure at 2.8 Å uncovers a critical domain for herpesvirus fusion initiation
Authors: Oliver Stefan L. , Xing Yi , Chen Dong-Hua , Roh Soung Hun , Pintilie Grigore D. , Bushnell David A. , Sommer Marvin H. , Yang Edward , Carfi Andrea , Chiu Wah , Arvin Ann M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMembers of the Herpesviridae, including the medically important alphaherpesvirus varicella-zoster virus (VZV), induce fusion of the virion envelope with cell membranes during entry, and between cells to form polykaryocytes in infected tissues. The conserved glycoproteins, gB, gH and gL, are the core functional proteins of the herpesvirus fusion complex. gB serves as the primary fusogen via its fusion loops, but functions for the remaining gB domains remain unexplained. As a pathway for biological discovery of domain function, our approach used structure-based analysis of the viral fusogen together with a neutralizing antibody. We report here a 2.8 Å cryogenic-electron microscopy structure of native gB recovered from VZV-infected cells, in complex with a human monoclonal antibody, 93k. This high-resolution structure guided targeted mutagenesis at the gB-93k interface, providing compelling evidence that a domain spatially distant from the gB fusion loops is critical for herpesvirus fusion, revealing a potential new target for antiviral therapies.
Age-dependent loss of adipose Rubicon promotes metabolic disorders via excess autophagy
Authors: Yamamuro Tadashi , Kawabata Tsuyoshi , Fukuhara Atsunori , Saita Shotaro , Nakamura Shuhei , Takeshita Hikari , Fujiwara Mari , Enokidani Yusuke , Yoshida Gota , Tabata Keisuke , Hamasaki Maho , Kuma Akiko , Yamamoto Koichi , Shimomura Iichiro , Yoshimori Tamotsu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe systemic decline in autophagic activity with age impairs homeostasis in several tissues, leading to age-related diseases. A mechanistic understanding of adipocyte dysfunction with age could help to prevent age-related metabolic disorders, but the role of autophagy in aged adipocytes remains unclear. Here we show that, in contrast to other tissues, aged adipocytes upregulate autophagy due to a decline in the levels of Rubicon, a negative regulator of autophagy. Rubicon knockout in adipocytes causes fat atrophy and hepatic lipid accumulation due to reductions in the expression of adipogenic genes, which can be recovered by activation of PPARγ. SRC-1 and TIF2, coactivators of PPARγ, are degraded by autophagy in a manner that depends on their binding to GABARAP family proteins, and are significantly downregulated in Rubicon-ablated or aged adipocytes. Hence, we propose that age-dependent decline in adipose Rubicon exacerbates metabolic disorders by promoting excess autophagic degradation of SRC-1 and TIF2.
Geometric principles underlying the proliferation of a model cell system
Authors: Wu Ling Juan , Lee Seoungjun , Park Sungshic , Eland Lucy E. , Wipat Anil , Holden Séamus , Errington Jeff 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMany bacteria can form wall-deficient variants, or L-forms, that divide by a simple mechanism that does not require the FtsZ-based cell division machinery. Here, we use microfluidic systems to probe the growth, chromosome cycle and division mechanism ofBacillus subtilisL-forms. We find that forcing cells into a narrow linear configuration greatly improves the efficiency of cell growth and chromosome segregation. This reinforces the view that L-form division is driven by an excess accumulation of surface area over volume. Cell geometry also plays a dominant role in controlling the relative positions and movement of segregating chromosomes. Furthermore, the presence of the nucleoid appears to influence division both via a cell volume effect and by nucleoid occlusion, even in the absence of FtsZ. Our results emphasise the importance of geometric effects for a range of crucial cell functions, and are of relevance for efforts to develop artificial or minimal cell systems.
Identifying candidate hosts for quantum defects via data mining
Authors: Ferrenti Austin M. , de Leon Nathalie P. , Thompson Jeff D. , Cava Robert J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAtom-like defects in solid-state hosts are promising candidates for the development of quantum information systems, but despite their importance, the host substrate/defect combinations currently under study have almost exclusively been found serendipitously. Here we systematically evaluate the suitability of host materials by applying a combined four-stage data mining and manual screening process to all entries in the Materials Project database, with literature-based experimental confirmation of band gap values. We identify a total of 541 viable hosts (16 unary and 74 binary) for quantum defect introduction and potential use in quantum information systems. This represents a significant (99.57%) reduction from the total number of known inorganic phases, and the application of additional selection criteria for specific applications will reduce their number even further. The screening principles outlined may easily be applied to previously unrealized phases and other technologically important materials systems.
Brief communication: immunogenicity of measles vaccine when co-administered with 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
Authors: Toh Zheng Quan , Temple Beth , Huu Tran Ngoc , Dai Vo Thi Trang , Toan Nguyen Trong , Uyen Doan Y. , Bright Kathryn , Do Lien Anh Ha , Mulholland E. Kim , Licciardi Paul V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis brief communication describes the findings from a randomised controlled trial in Vietnam that co-administration of measles vaccine (MV) with 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10, Synflorix®, GSK) does not affect the immunogenicity of MV. These findings are most relevant for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia considering PCV introduction.
The green and blue crop water requirement WATNEEDS model and its global gridded outputs
Authors: Chiarelli Davide Danilo , Passera Corrado , Rosa Lorenzo , Davis Kyle Frankel , D’Odorico Paolo , Rulli Maria Cristina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAccurately assessing green and blue water requirements from croplands is fundamental to promote sustainable water management. In the last decade, global hydrological models have provided important insights into global patterns of water requirements for crop production. As important as these models are, they do not provide monthly crop-specific and year-specific data of green and blue water requirements. Gridded crop-specific products are therefore needed to better understand the spatial and temporal evolution of water demand. Here, we present a global gridded database of monthly crop-specific green (rain-fed) and blue (irrigated) water requirements for 23 main crops and 3 crop groups obtained using our WATNEEDS model. For the time periods in which our dataset matched, these estimates are validated against existing global products and satellite based datasets of evapotranspiration. The data are publicly available and can be used by practitioners in the water-energy-food nexus to assess the water sustainability of our food and energy systems at multiple spatial (local to global) and temporal (seasonal to multi-year) scales.
Temperature increase altered Daphnia community structure in artificially heated lakes: a potential scenario for a warmer future
Authors: Dziuba Marcin K. , Herdegen-Radwan Magdalena , Pluta Estera , Wejnerowski Łukasz , Szczuciński Witold , Cerbin Slawek 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnder conditions of global warming, organisms are expected to track their thermal preferences, invading new habitats at higher latitudes and altitudes and altering the structure of local communities. To fend off potential invaders, indigenous communities/populations will have to rapidly adapt to the increase in temperature. In this study, we tested if decades of artificial water heating changed the structure of communities and populations of theDaphnia longispinaspecies complex. We compared the species composition of contemporaryDaphniacommunities inhabiting five lakes heated by power plants and four non-heated control lakes. The heated lakes are ca. 3–4 °C warmer, as all lakes are expected to be by 2100 according to climate change forecasts. We also genotyped subfossil resting eggs to describe past shifts inDaphniacommunity structure that were induced by lake heating. Both approaches revealed a rapid replacement of indigenousD. longispinaandD. cucullataby invaderD. galeataimmediately after the onset of heating, followed by a gradual recovery of theD. cucullatapopulation. Our findings clearly indicate that, in response to global warming, community restructuring may occur faster than evolutionary adaptation. The eventual recolonisation byD. cucullataindicates that adaptation to novel conditions can be time-lagged, and suggests that the long-term consequences of ecosystem disturbance may differ from short-term observations.
Stimulus-specific regulation of visual oddball differentiation in posterior parietal cortex
Authors: Zhou Zhe Charles , Huang Wei Angel , Yu Yiyi , Negahbani Ehsan , Stitt Iain M. , Alexander Morgan L. , Hamm Jordan P. , Kato Hiroyuki K. , Fröhlich Flavio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe frequency at which a stimulus is presented determines how it is interpreted. For example, a repeated image may be of less interest than an image that violates the prior sequence. This process involves integration of sensory information and internal representations of stimulus history, functions carried out in higher-order sensory areas such as the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Thus far, there are few detailed reports investigating the single-neuron mechanisms for processing of stimulus presentation frequency in PPC. To address this gap in knowledge, we recorded PPC activity using 2-photon calcium imaging and electrophysiology during a visual oddball paradigm. Calcium imaging results reveal differentiation at the level of single neurons for frequent versus rare conditions which varied depending on whether the stimulus was preferred or non-preferred by the recorded neural population. Such differentiation of oddball conditions was mediated primarily by stimulus-independent adaptation in the frequent condition.
The ubiquitin ligase Cullin-1 associates with chromatin and regulates transcription of specific c-MYC target genes
Authors: Sweeney Melanie A. , Iakova Polina , Maneix Laure , Shih Fu-Yuan , Cho Hannah E. , Sahin Ergun , Catic Andre 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTranscription is regulated through a dynamic interplay of DNA-associated proteins, and the composition of gene-regulatory complexes is subject to continuous adjustments. Protein alterations include post-translational modifications and elimination of individual polypeptides. Spatially and temporally controlled protein removal is, therefore, essential for gene regulation and accounts for the short half-life of many transcription factors. The ubiquitin–proteasome system is responsible for site- and target-specific ubiquitination and protein degradation. Specificity of ubiquitination is conferred by ubiquitin ligases. Cullin-RING complexes, the largest family of ligases, require multi-unit assembly around one of seven cullin proteins. To investigate the direct role of cullins in ubiquitination of DNA-bound proteins and in gene regulation, we analyzed their subcellular locations and DNA-affinities. We found CUL4A and CUL7 to be largely excluded from the nucleus, whereas CUL4B was primarily nuclear. CUL1,2,3, and 5 showed mixed cytosolic and nuclear expression. When analyzing chromatin affinity of individual cullins, we discovered that CUL1 preferentially associated with active promoter sequences and co-localized with 23% of all DNA-associated protein degradation sites. CUL1 co-distributed with c-MYC and specifically repressed nuclear-encoded mitochondrial and splicing-associated genes. These studies underscore the relevance of spatial control in chromatin-associated protein ubiquitination and define a novel role for CUL1 in gene repression.
Evidence of genetic isolation between two Mediterranean morphotypes of Parazoanthus axinellae
Authors: Villamor Adriana , Signorini Lorenzo F. , Costantini Federica , Terzin Marko , Abbiati Marco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCoralligenous assemblages are among the most species-rich and vulnerable habitats of the Mediterranean Sea. Nevertheless, data on connectivity patterns on species inhabiting these habitats, crucial to define management and protection priorities, are largely lacking. Moreover, unreliable species-level taxonomy can confound ecological studies and mislead management strategies. In the northwestern Mediterranean two Parazoanthus axinellae morphotypes differing in size, color and preferred substrate are found in sympatry. In this study, we used COI and ITS sequence polymorphism to assess (1) the genetic divergence between the two morphotypes, (2) their connectivity patterns and (3) their phylogenetic position within the Parazoanthidae. Specimens of P. axinellae were sampled in 11 locations along the northwestern Mediterranean; in 6 locations, samples of the two morphotypes were collected in sympatry. Small genetic diversity and structure were found within morphotypes, while marked and consistent differentiation was detected between them. Moreover, the less widespread morphotype appeared to be closer to Pacific species as P. juanfernandezii and P. elongatus. Our findings confirmed the limited knowledge on Parazoanthus species complex, and how this gap can have important implication for the conservation strategies of this widespread and valuable genus in the Mediterranean Sea.
Inhalation of odors containing DMHF generated by the Maillard reaction affects physiological parameters in rats
Authors: Yokoyama Issei , Ohata Motoko , Komiya Yusuke , Nagasao Jun , Arihara Keizo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe effects of odors generated by the Maillard reaction from amino acids and reducing sugars on physiological parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, and oxidative stress levels) in Wistar rats were investigated in the present study. The Maillard reaction samples were obtained from glycine, arginine, or lysine of 1.0 mol/L and glucose of 1.0 mol/L with heat treatment. The odor-active compounds in the Maillard reaction samples were identified using the aroma extract dilution analysis. Among the odor-active compounds identified, 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (DMHF, FURANEOL and strawberry furanone) had the highest odor activity and its concentration was affected by amino acid types. The Maillard reaction odors generated from glycine or arginine significantly decreased systolic blood pressure and heart rate in rats when inhaled. These physiological effects were associated with DMHF. Furthermore, oxidative stress marker levels in rat plasma were decreased by the inhalation of DMHF. The inhalation of DMHF appears to at least partly affect physiological parameters by decreasing oxidative stress.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the genetic basis underlying the development of skin appendages and immunity in hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris)
Authors: Li Hui-Ming , Yang Bi-Ze , Zhang Xiu-Juan , Jiang Hai-Ying , Li Lin-Miao , Ahmad Hafiz Ishfaq , Chen Jin-Ping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe expression of hair features is an evolutionary adaptation resulting from interactions between many organisms and their environment. Elucidation of the mechanisms that underlie the expression of such traits is a topic in evolutionary biology research. Therefore, we assessed the de novo transcriptome of Atelerix albiventris at three developmental stages and compared gene expression profiles between abdomen hair and dorsal spine tissues. We identified 328,576 unigenes in our transcriptome, among which 4,435 were differentially expressed between hair- and spine-type tissues. Dorsal and abdomen skin tissues 5 days after birth were compared and the resulting DEGs were mainly enriched in keratin filament, epithelium cell differentiation, and epidermis development based on GO enrichment analysis, and tight junction, p53, and cell cycle signaling pathways based on KEGG enrichment analysis. MBP8, SFN, Wnt1 and KRT1 gene may involve in the development of hedgehog skin and its appendages. Strikingly, DEGs in hair-type tissues were also significantly enriched in immune-related terms and pathways with hair-type tissues exhibiting more upregulated immune genes than spine-type tissues. Our study provided a list of potential genes involved in skin appendage development and differentiation in A. albiventris, and the candidate genes provided valuable information for further studies of skin appendages.
Sex-specific microRNAs in women with diabetes and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction or HFpEF associate with microvascular injury
Authors: Florijn Barend W. , Valstar Gideon B. , Duijs Jacques M. G. J. , Menken Roxana , Cramer Maarten J. , Teske Arco J. , Ghossein-Doha Chahinda , Rutten Frans H. , Spaanderman Marc E. A. , den Ruijter Hester M. , Bijkerk Roel , van Zonneveld Anton Jan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLeft ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are microcirculation defects following diabetes mellitus (DM). Unrecognized HFpEF is more prevalent in women with diabetes compared to men with diabetes and therefore sex-specific diagnostic strategies are needed. Previously, we demonstrated altered plasma miRs in DM patients with microvascular injury [defined by elevated plasma Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) levels]. This study hypothesized the presence of sex-differences in plasma miRs and Ang-2 in diabetic (female) patients with LVDD or HFpEF. After a pilot study, we assessed 16 plasma miRs in patients with LVDD (n = 122), controls (n = 244) and female diabetic patients (n = 10). Subsequently, among these miRs we selected and measured plasma miR-34a, -224 and -452 in diabetic HFpEF patients (n = 53) and controls (n = 52). In LVDD patients, miR-34a associated with Ang-2 levels (R2 0.04, R = 0.21, p = 0.001, 95% CI 0.103–0.312), with plasma levels being diminished in patients with DM, while women with an eGFR < 60 ml/min and LVDD had lower levels of miR-34a, -224 and -452 compared to women without an eGFR < 60 ml/min without LVDD. In diabetic HFpEF women (n = 28), plasma Ang-2 levels and the X-chromosome located miR-224/452 cluster increased compared to men. We conclude that plasma miR-34a, -224 and -452 display an association with the microvascular injury marker Ang-2 and are particularly targeted to women with LVDD or HFpEF.