bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Online Teachers-Student Consultation Application
Authors: Ayo Eliza Bundoc , Montero Dianne , Dote Dianne , Villanueva Liza , Verano Celia 
Published: May 2020

This research presents the development of online teachers-students consultation application. A need assessment was conducted to determine what subjects, which activities, respondents’ preference and attitude towards face-to-face and online consultation. These gathered data were treated using the descriptive method while the v-model was used during the development cycle. Java, web services and several web technologies installed in computer with i3 processor, 4GB DDR III RAM and with 500GB hard drive were the tools utilized in the application. Essentially, the study was able to develop an alternative to the traditional way of meeting the students physically to address academic difficulties, curricular and extra-curricular needs.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Postoperative Delirium in a Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Chang Yu-Ling , Tsai Yun-Fang , Lin Pyng-Jing , Chen Min-Chi , Liu Chia-Yih 
Published: May 2020

Background Delirium after cardiac surgery is a common complication in cardiovascular intensive care units. The prevalence of delirium and its likely risk factors have not previously been explored in a single sample of postoperative cardiac patients in an intensive care unit.
Objective To compare a variety of characteristics in patients with and without delirium and to identify risk factors associated with delirium in patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit after cardiac surgery.
Methods A retrospective chart review was used to collect data on 288 patients who had open heart surgery during the period 2004 to 2005 at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in northern Taiwan. A researcher-designed checklist of 52 patient-related risk factors for delirium was used to collect preoperative, intra-operative, and postoperative data. All patients were assessed by psychiatrists, and delirium was diagnosed according to criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition. Data were analyzed via univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression.
Results The prevalence of postoperative delirium was 41.7%. Patients with and without delirium differed significantly on 29 variables. Four postoperative factors, hematocrit less than 30%, cardiogenic shock, hypoalbuminemia, and acute infection, were significant, independent predictors of postoperative delirium.
Conclusions The results of this study can be used to develop a revised checklist of 29 preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative risk factors for delirium, with special attention to the 4 predictive postoperative factors. Use of such a checklist may facilitate the ability to prevent or detect delirium early and provide suitable treatment.
Morbidity profile of communities in Bhopal city (India) vis-à-vis distance of residence from Union Carbide India Limited plant and drinking water usage pattern
Authors: Banerjee N , Banerjee A , Sabde Y , Tiwari RR , Prakash A , Chincholkar T , Chitriv P , Tiwari S , Rajmohan HR , Singh S , Sharma M , Soni KK , Galgalaker R 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
A cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of morbidities in communities residing at variable distances from the closed down insecticide manufacturing plant premises of Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL), Bhopal, India and to determine association of morbidities, if any, with their drinking water usage pattern and distance of localities from the UCIL plant.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 10,827 individuals belonging to 2,184 families, residing within 0-1 km (Stratum I) and 2.5-5.0 km (Stratum II) radial distances from UCIL plant were surveyed and 9,306 of them (86%) were clinically examined. Data were analyzed to examine the association between the groups of morbidities, likely due to biological and chemical water contamination, and the distance of locality from the UCIL plant. Multiple logistic regression was used to explore the risk factors for morbidities.

Results:
Nearly similar prevalence (25.3% in stratum I, 25.8% in stratum II) and the trend of all-cause morbidities were recorded in the two strata. While morbidities related to gastrointestinal tract system (P < 0.05), auditory system (P < 0.01), neoplasm/cancers (P < 0.01) and congenital anomalies (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in stratum I, the prevalence of hypertension (6.4% stratum II, 4.7% stratum I; P < 0.01) and diabetes mellitus (3.4% stratum II, 2.0% stratum I; P < 0.001) was found significantly higher in stratum II. No association (P > 0.05) was observed between the prevalence of morbidities, likely due to the consumption of biologically or chemically contaminated drinking water, and the distance of locality/stratum from the UCIL plant.

Discussion and Conclusion:
By and large similar pattern of morbidities were recorded in the two strata suggesting that the communities, irrespective of the distance of their residences from UCIL plant or sources of their drinking water, are equally vulnerable to various morbidities.
5. FACTORES QUE CONTRIBUYEN AL PROCESO DE TUTORIZACIÓN VIRTUAL EN LA UPEL-IPRGR
Authors: Sánchez (UPEL IPRGR) Andres alexander 
Published: May 2020

La presente investigación tiene como propósito establecer los factores que permite la tutorización en línea basado en los referentes teóricos de las funciones y roles del tutor virtual. El estudio tuvo como muestra 77 estudiantes de postgrado que experimentaron su aprendizaje en el aula virtual de la Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador “Gervasio Rubio”, Edo Táchira. La investigación en el ámbito metodológico es de naturaleza cuantitativa bajo el nivel descriptivo y se basó en el análisis factorial como técnica estadística, donde se aplicó un cuestionario conformado por 21 ítems. En el estudio se evidenció que el docente de forma regular focaliza las discusiones en los foros de discusión, lo que dificulta la interacción social de los estudiantes durante las actividades educativas en el aula virtual y el aprendizaje colaborativo.
3. Aproximaciones teóricas sobre el proceso y la acción de resolución de problema
Authors: Minotta-Valencia (Universidad de Antioquia) Carlos 
Published: May 2020

El presente artículo aborda el campo de la resolución de problemas a partir de tres perspectivas teóricas. Siendo la primera, la corriente asociacionista, según la cual, la solución a un problema es explicable por medio de asociaciones de complejidad creciente del tipo estimulo-respuesta, que a su vez obedecen a las leyes del aprendizaje: del ejercicio y el efecto. La segunda es la Gestáltica: postula que la solución a un problema, no deriva de asociaciones mecánicas sino de la reorganización del campo perceptivo y de la comprensión de la configuración específica que adoptan los elementos de una totalidad significativa y coherente. Finalmente, se expone la teoría del significado: de acuerdo a ella, la solución a un problema, deviene por descubrimiento significativo; nueva información se relaciona con la experiencia pasada del sujeto, modificándose con ello la estructura cognitiva.
2.Praxis cultural del grupo Luango de Venezuela. Aporte desde la Pedagogía Crítica de Paulo Freire
Authors: Mieres (UNEY) Rosana Ines 
Published: May 2020

Reflexionar acerca de la pedagogía crítica liberadora propuesta por Paulo Freire ha constituido, en las últimas décadas, un importante aporte en la manera de concebir la educación y el desarrollo del ser humano. En esta investigación que aún está en ejecución se pretende como objetivo general, interpretar la praxis cultural del grupo Luango de Venezuela y su aporte desde la pedagogía crítica de Freire. El tema es abordado desde el paradigma cualitativo, con una visión fenomenológica y asumiendo como válida para desarrollar esa interpretación, las experiencias de los actores protagónicos de esa agrupación musical. En el contexto interpretativo,LUANGO y su praxis musical emergen como un esfuerzo para fortalecer la relación educación y cultura, al tiempo que pone en escena el patrimonio musical del país y recrea el método de trabajo de la convivencia con los creadores populares legitimando una concepción menos elitista y efectivamente liberadora de la cultura.
The Social Position of Women in Cities in the USA During the 1960s-1980s
Authors: Koroleva Vlada V. 
Published: May 2020

The article is dedicated to the problem of the position of women in cities and to creation and formation of “women’s spaces” in the United States in 1960-1980.
Following the development of the second wave of feminism, we focused the attention not only on the movement for civil rights itself but also on the activities of organizations and women who were trying to improve the living conditions of female citizens.
Prisoners in their homes, women have always been associated more with the suburbs than with the cities themselves. They were never seen as citizens, but rather as rare guests in this urban space.
In order to make cities more women-friendly, feminists began to create exclusive women’s spaces that would help women not only get out from their house-arrest but also solve difficult life situations. Shelters, women’s health centers, women’s libraries, book clubs and kindergartens – all of these new spaces helped an American woman move out of the alienation spaces of their houses and gain new opportunities for self-development.
Strategies for Agricultural Produce Exports by Nigerian Firms
Authors: Uzoma Ifediora Chuka , Clement Nwankwo , Ifeoma Ifediora Raluchukwu 
Published: May 2020

This study dwelt on the strategies for agricultural produce exports by Nigerian firms. The specific objective was to identify the most significant and commonly adopted strategies for agricultural produce exports by Nigerian exporting firms. Survey research method was used for the study with structured questionnaire used for data collection. The data gathered was analyzed using Factor Analysis. Findings show that 13 out of 21 components of 5 factors such as product adaptation, pricing adaptation, promotion adaptation, distribution adaptation and other related exporting strategies were the most significant and commonly adopted strategies for exporting agricultural produce by Nigerian export firms. These other related strategies include market scope, technology strength, brand name, export experience, retention capacity, face-to-face marketing, product service quality, market position, competitive pricing; export marketing attitude, channel development, policy, and size of the exporting firm. It was concluded that exporting agricultural produce from Nigeria can only be successfully done if strategies like product adaptation strategies; pricing adaptation; promotional adaptation, distribution adaptation and other related exporting strategies are adopted. To the prospective exporting firms and individuals, it is recommended that they plan their exports around these strategies to enhance success in the export market.
The Determinants of Pro-Poor Growth: Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Amuka Joseph I , Asogwa Fredrick O , Agu Anthony O , Ugwu Chukwuma C 
Published: May 2020

Pro-poor growth is good for poverty eradication if it can be achieved. Brazil is a good example of a country where growth was pro-poor between 1981 and 2014 but the pro-poor growth was reversed in 2015. The paper examined what led to pro-poor growth between 1981 and 2014 and what may have been responsible for the reversal in 2015. The dynamic ordinary least squares method was used to analyse Brazilian data from World Bank Development Indicators between 1981 and 2014 for the determinant of pro-poor growth. Regression analysis shows that job creation was responsible for the pro-poor growth between 1981 and 2014. Moreover, rise in unemployment rate in 2015 was responsible for the reversal in the pro-poor growth. The result has good policy implication for poverty and inequality reduction in Brazil.
Fungi and Effect of Fungi on Bodies
Authors: Bostani Maryam Rahemi 
Published: May 2020

The world and Kingdom Fungi involves many of the most important organisms, both in terms of their ecological and economic roles. By breaking down dead organic material, they continue the cycle of nutrients through ecosystems. In addition, most vascular plants could not grow without the symbiotic fungi, or mycorrhizae, that increase their roots and supply essential nutrients. Other fungi provide numerous drugs (such as penicillin and other antibiotics), foods like mushrooms, truffles and morels, and the bubbles in bread, champagne, and beer.
Types and Classification of Microb- Fungi
Authors: Muhamed Sariani Salaami 
Published: May 2020

Fungior microbe take a single celled or very complex multicellular organisms. They are found in just about any habitat but many of them live on the land, mainly in soil or on plant material rather than in sea or fresh water. A group called the decomposers grow in the soil or on dead plant matter where they play an important role in the cycling of carbon and other elements. Some are parasites of plants causing diseases such as mildews, rusts, scabs or canker. In crops fungal diseases can lead to significant monetary loss for the farmer. A very a few number of fungi increase diseases in animals. In humans these include skin diseases such as athletes’ foot, ringworm and thrush.
Ciudad compacta versus ciudad difusa. Caso de estudio: Valencia, ciudad continua.
Authors: Magro de orbe Iñigo 
Published: May 2020

Valencia es un “palimpsesto”. Desde su fundación romana hasta nuestros días, ha sabido desarrollarse continuando las huellas de su trazado histórico. Desde aquellos versos de Machado: “Valencia de finas torres...” -que evocaban el perfil de la ciudad representada en los grabados del XVIII-, hasta las esbeltas torres que Jean Nouvel propuso en la “desembocadura verde” del antiguo cauce del Turia, Valencia ha sabido mantener la continuidad de las trazas de su ciudad histórica. A su vez, la huella del viejo cauce ha sido el vehículo que ha intentado conectar definitivamente la ciudad intramuros (dibujada por Tosca en 1704), con el mar Mediterráneo. En ese sentido, el antiguo cauce del río, cuyo curso fue desviado tras la riada de 1957, será el pretexto para indagar en la continuidad que se propone. Aceptando la huella del cauce en su condición actual, queremos aprovechar la oportunidad que supuso su desvío, indagando estrategias proyectuales en las que la historia de los distintos lugares por los que discurre irá “contaminando” su trazado. Estos lugares limítrofes serán considerados como material de proyecto y actuarán como nexo entre la memoria y el deseo. Frente a planteamientos “ingenuos” de zonificación sin matices, que favorecerían la discontinuidad, proponemos un relato en el que la arquitectura de la ciudad reconocerá los contactos entre superficies limítrofes y entre espacios contiguos, valorando, por tanto, conceptos tales como: yuxtaposición, intersección y superposición. Porque, como dice el profesor J.L.Trillo*: “… la Ciudad Continua continúa siendo el objeto principal e ineludible de nuestra referencia arquitectónica”.
Ciudad compacta versus ciudad difusa. Análisis pre- y post- terremoto en ciudad intermedia. Portoviejo, Ecuador
Authors: Cedeño Zambrano Hector Gonzalo , Cedeño Zambrano Leonel Santiago , Cedeño Delgado Tatiana Gabriela 
Published: May 2020

La ciudad intermedia de Portoviejo, Ecuador que fue fundada en 1535 y construida según el trazado en damero implementado en la colonización que tuvo un crecimiento homogéneo y compacto hasta inicio del siglo XX y en lo posterior el crecimiento de la ciudad no ha sido integral, esto por consecuencia de factores de la visión política de los administradores de las ciudad, quienes consideran que la extensión del territorio urbano (ciudad difusa) representa desarrollo o progreso. En América Latina así como en el Ecuador, el estudio urbanístico sobre el crecimiento de las ciudades, análisis de la compacidad y dispersión, se ha concentrado en estudiar urbes de preferencia a nivel de megapolis, metrópolis y ciertas ciudades intermedias. Desde el año 2010 con la implementación de normativas urbanas y territoriales, se ha incentivado una cultura de planificación, sin embargo, la inadecuada gestión territorial aportó consigo problemáticas en varios aspectos tales como: contaminación, deforestación, déficit de servicios básicos, riesgos con relación a los fenómenos naturales. La metodología de la investigación aplicada para evidenciar la problemática, fue utilizar la cartografía histórica y satelital perteneciente al Gobierno Central, además de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica, información de instituciones públicas y del Municipio a través de sus instrumentos de planificación. Con el resultado obtenido se demuestra que, el reto que tiene la ciudad está en promover la consolidación urbana, crecimiento ordenado y sostenible, con la aplicación de herramientas de planificación y gestión territorial en compromiso con la sociedad civil que permita disminuir los impactos frente a fenómenos naturales
Aerosol retrievals from the EKO MS-711 spectral direct irradiance measurements and corrections of the circumsolar radiation
Authors: García-Cabrera Rosa Delia , Cuevas-Agulló Emilio , Barreto África , Cachorro Victoria Eugenia , Pó Mario , Ramos Ramón , Hoogendijk Kees 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Spectral direct UV–visible normal solar irradiance (DNI) has been measured with an EKO MS-711 grating spectroradiometer, which has a spectral range of 300–1100 nm, and 0.4 nm step, at the Izaña Atmospheric Observatory (IZO, Spain). It has been used to determine aerosol optical depth (AOD) at several wavelengths (340, 380, 440, 500, 675, and 870 nm) between April and September 2019, which has been compared with synchronous AOD measurements from a reference Cimel and Aerosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sun photometer. The EKO MS-711 has been calibrated at the Izaña Atmospheric Observatory by using the Langley plot method during the study period. Although this instrument has been designed for spectral solar DNI measurements, and therefore has a field of view (FOV) of 5∘ that is twice the recommended amount in solar photometry for AOD determination, the AOD differences compared to the AERONET–Cimel reference instrument (FOV ∼1.2∘) are fairly small. A comparison of the results from the Cimel AOD and EKO MS-711 AOD presents a root mean square (rms) of 0.013 (24.6 %) at 340 and 380 nm, and 0.029 (19.5 %) for longer wavelengths (440, 500, 675, and 870 nm). However, under relatively high AOD, near-forward aerosol scattering might be significant because of the relatively large circumsolar radiation (CSR) due to the large EKO MS-711 FOV, which results in a small but significant AOD underestimation in the UV range. The AOD differences decrease considerably when CSR corrections, estimated from libRadtran radiative transfer model simulations, are performed and obtain an rms of 0.006 (14.9 %) at 340 and 380 nm, and 0.005 (11.1 %) for longer wavelengths. The percentage of 2 min synchronous EKO AOD–Cimel AOD differences within the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) traceability limits were ≥96 % at 500, 675, and 870 nm with no CSR corrections. After applying the CSR corrections, the percentage of AOD differences within the WMO traceability limits increased to >95 % for 380, 440, 500, 675, and 870 nm, while for 340 nm the percentage of AOD differences showed a poorer increase from 67 % to a modest 86 %.
Biomasa forestal, carbono fijado y almacenado en sistema bosque y sistema silvopastoril en siete fincas del municipio de Mulukukú, RACN, 2018
Authors: Sánchez Rodas Nadieska Isabel , Irías Gutiérrez Norwuin Ali , Calero González Claudio , Alonzo Serrano Edwin A. 
Published: May 2020

La información básica de la capacidad de los sistemas bosques y silvopastoril en la fijación y almacenamiento de carbono en la biomasa aérea servirá de guía a los productores para conservar y manejar sus áreas. El presente estudio se realizó en siete fincas de productores del municipio de Mulukukú, Siuna, Región Autónoma del Caribe Norte (RACN), con el objetivo de determinar el carbono fijado y almacenado en la biomasa aérea presente en el componente arbóreo en sistemas bosques y silvopastoriles utilizando métodos no destructivos, identificación de especies más representativas y la determinación de la biomasa forestal, carbono fijado y almacenado. Se realizó un diseño de inventario en parcelas de Muestreo Permanentes (PMP); en el sistema bosque tres parcelas de 50 x 50 m, dos en la finca La Ceiba y uno en la finca Regalo de Dios. En el sistema silvopastoril parcelas de 10 x 25 m, dos por cada finca para un total de 14 parcelas. La densidad de la madera usada de 0.5 g cm3 convertido a kg m3 y un factor de expansión de 1.20 para biomasa aérea (ramas, hojas) establecidas por FAO (1997 y 1998). Para el carbono almacenado se utilizó la fracción de 0.5 asumiendo que el 50% de biomasa es carbono. El CO2 fijado se calculó en base al carbono de la madera multiplicado por 3.67 que sale directamente del peso atómico del CO2. Como resultado de la investigación; el sistema bosque la riqueza de especies se contabiliza en 238 individuos, perteneciente a 40 especies, 38 géneros y 28 familias. Sistemas silvopastoril 136 individuos, 24 especies, 24 géneros y 23 familias. El promedio de biomasa seca para el sistema bosque es 85.62 69 t ha-1, 157.12 t ha-1 CO2 y 42.80 t ha-1 carbono, sistema silvopastoril 20.05 t ha-1, 36.79 t ha-1 CO2 y 42.80 t ha-1 carbono. El sistema bosque registra mayor valor en promedio de biomasa seca, dióxido de carbono fijado y almacenado por hectárea, superiores a los encontrados en sistemas silvopastoriles ya que las fincas presentan diferencias en cantidad de árboles por hectáreas, y el manejo tecnificado por los dueños.
Implications of Admission and Surgical Timing on Hospital Length of Stay in Patients with Hip Fractures
Authors: Rashidifard Christopher H. , Bush Chelsea M. , Muccino Paul P. , DiPasquale Thomas G. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction:
Hospital reimbursements for geriatric hip fractures are contingent on patient outcomes and hospital length of stay (LOS). This study examined if the day of the week (DOTW) and time of day (TOD) of both admission and surgery are associated with increased LOS.

Methods:
LOS, time from admission to surgery, DOTW of admission/surgery, TOD of admission/surgery, and demographics were retrospectively collected. The average LOS was 4.5 days. Patients were grouped into cohorts of LOS 1 to 4 days (short-stay) and 5 to 12 days (long-stay). The percentage of short-stay patients was compared with the percentage of long-stay patients for each DOTW/TOD of admission/surgery with chi square tests.

Results:
One hundred patients were included, 58 short stays and 42 long stays. Both groups were similar regarding demographics. Long-stay patients were 4.2 times more likely to have been admitted ([95% confidence interval 1.2 to 14.6], P = 0.02) and 4.8 times as likely to have undergone surgery ([95% confidence interval 1.0 to 5.6], P = 0.01) on a Thursday, respectively. TOD of admission/surgery did not demonstrate any association with LOS.

Discussion:
Thursday admission/surgery was associated with longer LOS. Delayed surgical optimization coupled with insurance companies' observance of regular business hours may delay admission to inpatient rehab or skilled nursing facilities, resulting in avoidable healthcare expenditures.