bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Executive Functions and Clinical and Academic Outcomes in Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Students
Authors: Roitsch Jane , Murphy Kimberly A. , Raymer Anastasia M. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate executive function measures as they relate to clinical and academic performance outcomes of graduate speech-language pathology students.

Method

An observational design incorporating correlations and stepwise multiple regressions was used to determine the strength of the relationships between clinical outcomes that occurred at various time points throughout the graduate program (clinical coursework grades throughout the program and case study paper scores at the end of the program), academic outcomes (graduate grade point average and Praxis II exam in speech-language pathology scores), and executive function (EF) scores (EF assessment scores, self-reported EF scores). Participants were 37 students (36 women,
M
age
= 24.1) in a master's degree program in speech-language pathology at a southeastern U.S. university during the 2017–2018 academic year.

Results
Findings of this preliminary study indicated that a limited number of objective EF scores and self-reported EF scores were related to clinical and academic outcomes of graduate speech-language pathology students.

Conclusion
As results of this preliminary study suggest that EF tests may be related to clinical and academic outcomes, future research can move to study the potential role of EF measures in the graduate admissions process in clinical graduate programs such as speech-language pathology.
Hearing Screening Failure Among Students With Reading Impairment: Rate and Relation to Specific Reading Deficits
Authors: Werfel Krystal L. , Peek Laura , Reynolds Gabriella , Bassard Sydney 
Published: September 2020

Background
The purpose of this preliminary study was to explore one potential underlying factor that may contribute to poor reading outcomes: minimal hearing loss. Additionally, we compared decoding and comprehension deficits in students who passed or failed the hearing screening.

Method
Forty-three school-age students completed a hearing screening and a literacy assessment.

Results
Fifty-four percent of children with reading impairments failed the hearing screening, compared to only 21% of children with typical reading. Additionally, students who failed the hearing screening were more likely to exhibit decoding deficits; comprehension skills between the hearing screening groups did not differ.

Conclusions
Thus, children with reading impairments are more likely to fail hearing screenings than children with typical reading, and the deficits of those who fail hearing screenings appear to center on decoding rather than comprehension skills.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12818252
Active deep learning method for the discovery of objects of interest in large spectroscopic surveys
Authors: Škoda P. , Podsztavek O. , Tvrdík P. 
Published: September 2020

Context.Current archives of the LAMOST telescope contain millions of pipeline-processed spectra that have probably never been seen by human eyes. Most of the rare objects with interesting physical properties, however, can only be identified by visual analysis of their characteristic spectral features. A proper combination of interactive visualisation with modern machine learning techniques opens new ways to discover such objects.Aims.We apply active learning classification methods supported by deep convolutional neural networks to automatically identify complex emission-line shapes in multi-million spectra archives.Methods.We used the pool-based uncertainty sampling active learning method driven by a custom-designed deep convolutional neural network with 12 layers. The architecture of the network was inspired by VGGNet, AlexNet, and ZFNet, but it was adapted for operating on one-dimensional feature vectors. The unlabelled pool set is represented by 4.1 million spectra from the LAMOST data release 2 survey. The initial training of the network was performed on a labelled set of about 13 000 spectra obtained in the 400 Å wide region around Hαby the 2 m Perek telescope of the Ondřejov observatory, which mostly contains spectra of Be and related early-type stars. The differences between the Ondřejov intermediate-resolution and the LAMOST low-resolution spectrographs were compensated for by Gaussian blurring and wavelength conversion.Results.After several iterations, the network was able to successfully identify emission-line stars with an error smaller than 6.5%. Using the technology of the Virtual Observatory to visualise the results, we discovered 1013 spectra of 948 new candidates of emission-line objects in addition to 664 spectra of 549 objects that are listed in SIMBAD and 2644 spectra of 2291 objects identified in an earlier paper of a Chinese group led by Wen Hou. The most interesting objects with unusual spectral properties are discussed in detail.
Asteroid lightcurve inversion with Bayesian inference
Authors: Muinonen K. , Torppa J. , Wang X.-B. , Cellino A. , Penttilä A. 
Published: September 2020

Context.We assess statistical inversion of asteroid rotation periods, pole orientations, shapes, and phase curve parameters from photometric lightcurve observations, here sparse data from the ESAGaiaspace mission (Data Release 2) or dense and sparse data from ground-based observing programs.Aims.Assuming general convex shapes, we develop inverse methods for characterizing the Bayesian a posteriori probability density of the parameters (unknowns). We consider both random and systematic uncertainties (errors) in the observations, and assign weights to the observations with the help of Bayesian a priori probability densities.Methods.For general convex shapes comprising large numbers of parameters, we developed a Markov-chain Monte Carlo sampler (MCMC) with a novel proposal probability density function based on the simulation of virtual observations giving rise to virtual least-squares solutions. We utilized these least-squares solutions to construct a proposal probability density for MCMC sampling. For inverse methods involving triaxial ellipsoids, we update the uncertainty model for the observations.Results.We demonstrate the utilization of the inverse methods for three asteroids withGaiaphotometry from Data Release 2: (21) Lutetia, (26) Proserpina, and (585) Bilkis. First, we validated the convex inverse methods using the combined ground-based andGaiadata for Lutetia, arriving at rotation and shape models in agreement with those derived with the help of Rosetta space mission data. Second, we applied the convex inverse methods to Proserpina and Bilkis, illustrating the potential of theGaiaphotometry for setting constraints on asteroid light scattering as a function of the phase angle (the Sun-object-observer angle). Third, with the help of triaxial ellipsoid inversion as applied toGaiaphotometry only, we provide additional proof that the absoluteGaiaphotometry alone can yield meaningful photometric slope parameters. Fourth, for (585) Bilkis, we report, with 1-σuncertainties, a refined rotation period of (8.5750559 ± 0.0000026) h, pole longitude of 320.6° ± 1.2°, pole latitude of − 25.6° ± 1.7°, and the first shape model and its uncertainties from convex inversion.Conclusions.We conclude that the inverse methods provide realistic uncertainty estimators for the lightcurve inversion problem and that theGaiaphotometry can provide an asteroid taxonomy based on the phase curves.
Phytochemical Analysis, In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activity of Piliostigma thonningii Leaf Extracts from Benin
Authors: Marquardt Peter , Vissiennon Cica , Schubert Andreas , Birkemeyer Claudia , Ahyi Virgile , Fester Karin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe leaves of Piliostigma thonningii are used in traditional medicine in Benin to treat inflammatory skin diseases and infections. So far, pharmacological studies of the anti-inflammatory and anti-infective effects of phytochemically characterized extracts of P. thonningii have been very limited. Therefore, we investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect of P. thonningii leaf extracts and analyzed the phytochemical composition of extracts of different polarities (water, 50% ethanol, and n-hexane). Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside was confirmed as the main flavonoid in the polar extracts. GC-MS analysis identified 20 constituents of the aqueous extract and 28 lipophilic compounds of the n-hexane extract by comparison with authentic standards and spectral library data. The aqueous P. thonningii leaf extract inhibited the IL-8 and IL-6 secretion in TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT cells in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 74 µg/mL for IL-8 and 89 µg/mL for IL-6. However, an inhibitory effect of the identified quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside and its aglycone, quercetin, on the release of IL-8 and IL-6 could not be demonstrated. In the antimicrobial screening, inhibition zones for a 50% EtOH leaf extract of P. thonningii were found for Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. For none of the microbial strains, however, the MIC was below 500 µg/mL, so that the antibacterial activity must be classified as low. As a result, our investigations primarily support the ethnomedical use of P. thonningii leaf extracts in topical inflammatory conditions. Further studies are required to identify the compounds responsible for the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects.
The Case of a Serous Borderline Ovarian Tumor in a 15-Year Old Pregnant Adolescent: Sonographic Characteristics and Surgical Management
Authors: Uccella Stefano , Rosa Manuela , Biletta Elena , Tinelli Raffaele , Zorzato Pier C. , Botto-Poala Chiara , Lanzo Gabriele , Gallina Davide , Franchi Massimo P. , Manzoni Paolo 
Published: September 2020

Objective This study aimed to describe a rare case of a serous borderline ovarian tumor (BOT) diagnosed during pregnancy in a 15-year old adolescent.
Results The suspect of BOT was raised at a transvaginal ultrasound scan in early first trimester (at 5 weeks of amenorrhea), due to the presence of a moderately vascularized irregular papilla in the context of a unilocular low-level right ovarian cyst. The patient and her parents required termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the diagnosis of an ovarian lesion. After termination of pregnancy, the patient underwent laparoscopic enucleation of the ovarian mass, omentectomy, and peritoneal biopsies. No intra-abdominal spillage of the ovarian mass occurred, and the surgical specimens were put in an endobag and extracted transvaginally. Final pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a serous borderline ovarian tumor. The patient of free of disease after 8 months of follow-up.
Conclusion Although rare, borderline ovarian tumors can be diagnosed in an adolescent during pregnancy. The combination of specific sonographic assessment and minimally invasive conservative surgery appears as a very effective approach in this type of patient.
Key Points
Nosocomial Respiratory Viral Infection in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Vain Nestor E. 
Published: September 2020

Infections caused by respiratory viruses in neonates during their stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are more frequent than generally suspected. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a highly contagious pathogen, is the most common etiologic agent, and it carries a high risk of nosocomial spread. During the RSV season, overcrowding of the NICU, shortage of staff, and unrestricted visitors are factors predisposing outbreaks. Since signs and symptoms of RSV infections are no specific, a high index of suspicion is essential to prevent or limit epidemics. The etiologic agent should be confirmed and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the gold-standard test. Shedding of the virus by infected preterm infants is prolonged and RSV lasts for several hours on countertops and other surfaces. The first case should be isolated and strict cohorting must be instituted. Compliance with hand washing must be warranted. Wearing gowns and gloves may help. The severity of nosocomial RSV infections tends to be higher than that of those community acquired. There is no uniform recommendation to start palivizumab during hospital stay of premature and high-risk infants. The use of this monoclonal antibody to stop or limit the spread of outbreaks is controversial. It is recommended by some professional organizations and not by others but its use during large outbreaks in infants at risk who share the room with infected neonates is not uncommon.
Key Points
Critical Care Thresholds in Children with Bronchiolitis
Authors: Cunningham Steve 
Published: September 2020

Reduction in mortality from bronchiolitis in developed health is principally achieved from the availability of critical care. Different health care providers and countries demonstrate considerable variance in admission rates, but globally the use and cost of this resource are increasing. The reasons of this are multifold and include organizational, cultural, and clinical aspects. The organization of care has evolved differently in different health care settings at the threshold of critical need, with local priorities and resources determining the location of care (ward or critical care). Critical care areas adopting high-flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) (a ward-based therapy in some institutions) have seen significant increase in their occupancy, without change in rates of mechanical ventilation. Culturally, some countries appear to have a lower threshold for intubation and mechanical ventilation: United States (18%), Finland (4%), and even in countries with high rates of critical care admission (27% in Australia and New Zealand), intubation rates can decline with time (reducing from 27% to 11%). Baseline clinical characteristics of children admitted to critical care are remarkably similar, children are young (c30–60 days) and often born prematurely (21–46%). Clinical thresholds for admission as predefined by critical care units in online guidance focus on presence of apnea (observed in 7–42% of admissions), low pulse oxygen saturation and subjective measures (exhaustion and reduced consciousness). Clinical characteristics of children at the time of admission are commonly reported in relation to the modified Woods Clinical Asthma Score (mean = 3.8 to ≥7) and raised pCO2 (range = 8.0–8.8 kPa), with pCO2 the only significant parameter in a multivariate analysis of factors associated with intubation.
Key Points
Plaque Psoriasis Successfully Treated with an Individualised Homoeopathic Medicine Lycopodium: A Case Report
Authors: Kanwar Annu , Ram Hanuman , Kumar Narender , Bagdi Navita 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction Psoriasis is an immune-mediated disease affecting the skin and joints with a prevalence of 0.44 to 2.8% in India. This manifests most often as plaque psoriasis (PP); it is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disorder with a strong genetic basis. PP is rarely life threatening but it is often intractable to treatment. Here, a 31-year-old male diagnosed with PP presented with a history of multiple reddish moist lesions with thickness and scaling of skin from right forearm, chest, abdomen and back for 3 years. Patient was taking allopathic medications for the same but there was only temporary relief of the complaints. So, patient approached for homeopathic intervention for permanent cure. On the basis of the totality of symptoms and analysis by repertorisation, homoeopathic medicine Lycopodium was prescribed and repetition was done according to the response of medicine and as per the condition of patient, following the principles of homoeopathy. It showed improvement in all complaints, but there was relapse of eruptions after sometime which called for increase in the potency of the Lycopodium (200C & 1M) as per homoeopathic principles. The assessment of patient was done on the basis of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score and photographic evidence. The PASI score of the patient at baseline was 23.4 and it was reduced to 1 after the continuous follow-up of patient for 1 year. Photographs during follow-up visits have provided a documentary evidence about the effectiveness of homoeopathic medicine Lycopodium in plaque psoriasis. Thus, it can be concluded that homoeopathy plays an effective role in managing the cases of PP symptomatically along with complete recovery of the patient.
Frequency of Color Vision Deficiency among Saudi Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alqahtani Najla A. , Togoo Rafi A. , Alqahtani Mashael M. , Suliman Nouf S. , Alasmari Foziah A. , Alqahtani Faris M. , Alshahrani Fahad T. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective The current research was conducted to evaluate the frequency of color-vision deficiency among dental students of King Khalid University College of Dentistry, Saudi Arabia.
Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was performed among 203 dental students working as interns at male and female dental clinics of King Khalid University College of Dentistry (KKUCOD), Saudi Arabia. The Ishihara color-vision deficiency (CVD) test with 24 plates was used for diagnosis of the problem. Analysis of the data was done by performing Chi-square tests using SPSS software version 20.
Results The frequency of total CVD was found to be 3.9%. While the association of gender with total CVD was observed to be statistically nonsignificant, a statistically significant relation was drawn with red-green color deficiency. Out of the total of 203 patients, 44 males were identified with red-green color deficiency, whereas only three females were found to have this condition, therefore revealing that CVD is more prevalent in males. Age was found to have a significant association with red-green color vision deficiency, protanopia, and total CVD.
Conclusion A total of 20.19% male dental students had red-green color vision deficiency compared to 1.4% in female students. The dental students must be aware of their congenital color vision deficiency and its impact on their professional life. Screening of such dental students and professionals is quite important so that they can tackle the color vision problems well without having detrimental effect on their future dental practice.
Suturing Fenestration of the Left Subclavian Artery Orifice in Frozen Elephant Trunk Procedure
Authors: Hata Mitsumasa , Wakui Shinji , Ishii Yusuke , Hinoura Rei , Isaka Susumu , Tanaka Masashi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe frozen elephant trunk (FET) procedure enables easier replacement of the entire aortic arch because it does not require reaching the distal part of the left subclavian artery (LSCA). However, it requires additional management for reconstruction of the LSCA, which is associated with bleeding events. However, the fenestrated FET technique confers a risk of endoleakage from the fenestration site. We report our unique novel technique in which the proximal side of the hybrid stent graft is cut into V-shape around the subclavian artery and sutured continuously around the orifice of the subclavian artery during aortic stump fixation.
Application of Health Belief Model on Child’s Dental Visit Postponement during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Setiawan Arlette Suzy , Zubaedah Cucu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of this article is to analyze parental perception on child’s dental visit postponement using health belief model (HBM) during the pandemic of COVID-19.
Materials and Methods Cross-sectional survey design was chosen with a purposive sample recruited online by distributing questionnaires consisting 26 items of HBM construct. Data were analyzed descriptively by SPSS version 22.
Result A total 111 respondents participated in the study. Respondents perception were found indifferent in perceived susceptible (X̄ = 3.07), perceived severity (X̄ = 2.99), and perceived barrier (X̄ = 3.38). Whilst confirmed in perceived benefit (X̄ = 2.54), cue of action (X̄ = 2.05), self-efficacy (X̄ = 2.08), and locus of control (X̄ = 2.88).
Conclusion This study provided evidence that HBM is applicable to children's dental visit postponement during the pandemic of COVID-19.
Assessing Safety and Clinical Effectiveness of New Approaches to Planning and Integrated Implementation of Full-Mouth Reconstruction
Authors: Dzalaeva Fatima , Chikunov Sergey , Utyuzh Anatoly , Mikhailova Maria , Budunova Marzhanat 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectives Planning, adequate preparation, and further prosthodontic management are the most important steps in the treatment of this population of patients with dental and mandibular anomalies. The purpose of the article is the improvement of safety and clinical effectiveness of prosthodontic rehabilitation of patients after full-mouth reconstruction.Materials and Methods A single-center open prospective nonrandomized study, examination, and treatment of 198 patients with partial or total absence of teeth were performed. Higher safety and clinical effectiveness of the treatment were found in the patients of the main group who showed a significant reduction in the rate of complications relative to the comparison group. In the main group, the number of aesthetic defects and cases of repeated prosthetics decreased in comparison with the corresponding occurrence rate of such cases in patient groups.Results It showed statistically significantly reduction in the rates of occurrence of the complications when using the proposed algorithm: the rate of inflammation of the marginal periodontium and peri-implant tissues in the main group was 2.9 times less frequent and loosening of the supporting implants was 3.9 times less frequent. The rate of polymer chipping or abrasion in the area of the incisal edge or masticatory surface was two times lower in the main group of patients, short crowns were found 1.9 times less often, sores in the area of the dental pontic in the main group were 1.8 times less frequent than in the comparison group, and no fractures of bridgework were found in the main group. The frequency of neuralgic facial pain in the patients of the main group was 5.2 times less than in the comparison group, complaints about pain in the temporomandibular joint area were 8.4 times less frequent, increased abrasion of antagonist teeth was 3.9 times less frequent, and phonetics disorders were 8.4 times less frequent.The effectiveness of the algorithm developed by us is also confirmed by the fact that the number of aesthetic defects and cases of the need for repeated prosthetic treatment was reduced in comparison with the corresponding frequency of such cases in groups of patients where standard approaches to prosthetics were applied. In particular, aesthetic defects found in the main group of patients were 2.5 times less frequent than in the comparison group, and repeated prosthetics was performed 2.7 times less frequently.Conclusion Application of the developed comprehensive approach to planning of prosthodontic rehabilitation provides for significant reduction in the frequency of complications and aesthetic defects, as well as cases of repeated need for prosthetics.