bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning of robots in tourism and hospitality: interactive technology acceptance model (iTAM) – cutting edge
Authors: Go Hanyoung , Kang Myunghwa , Suh SeungBeum Chris 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to discuss how consumers accept advanced artificial intelligence (AI) robots in hospitality and tourism and provide a typology and conceptual framework to support future research on advanced robot applicability.

Design/methodology/approach
This research reviews current cases of AI use and technology acceptance model (TAM) studies and proposes a framework, interactive technology acceptance model (iTAM), to identify key determinants that stimulate consumer perceptions of advanced robot technology acceptance.

Findings
The main constructs and types of advanced robots were identified by reviewing TAM studies and AI robots that are currently used in the tourism and hospitality industry. This research found that as technologies tested in TAM studies have been improved by highly interactive systems, increased capability and a more user-friendly interface, examining perceived interactivity of technology has become more important for advanced robot acceptance models. The examples of advanced robot uses indicate that each machine learning application changes the robots’ task performance and interaction with consumers. Conducting experimental studies and measuring the interactivity of advanced robots are vital for future research.

Originality/value
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study on how consumers accept AI robots with machine learning applications in the tourism and hospitality industry. The iTAM framework provides fundamental constructs for future studies of what influences consumer acceptance of AI robots as innovative technology, and iTAM can be applied to empirical experiments and research to generate long-term strategies and specific tips to implement and manage various advanced robots.
Consumer value in tourism: a perspective article
Authors: Gallarza Martina G. , Gil Saura Irene 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Consumer value (CV) is endemic to marketing, and therefore, it is a crucial notion to understand the evolution of tourism research. This paper aims to review the main achievements made on CV in tourism and hospitality literature and also the shortcomings and propose avenues for future research on tourism through the lens of CV.

Design/methodology/approach
Through relevant citations from 1975 to 2020, a figure describes diachronically the role of CV in different paradigm flaws, both pre and post digitization: experiential consumption in the 1980s, service quality-satisfaction discussion in early 1990s, customer relationship in late 1990s and Service Dominant Logic in 2000s and beyond.

Findings
Tourism services have been preferred fields for inquiry on CV, helping to describe the idiosyncrasy of nearly all tourism consumption settings. Although there is not a clear picture on the number and nature of value dimensions (intra-variable perspective), nor in the direct and indirect effects on the quality-value-satisfaction-loyalty chain (inter-variable), new CV frameworks favor ecosystems of value (different stakeholders, different times and places and mixed motivations) in more comprehensive models.

Originality/value
This paper depicts how CV has contributed to tourism development as a behavioral science through the past 75 years. Moreover, it preconizes that CV is still a valid construct to address all new challenges of human beings as tourists, either online or offline, by enlightening phenomena such as e-value co-creation, over-tourism, peer-to-peer consumption and the power of tourism transformative value.
The outsourcing practice among small knowledge-intensive service firms
Authors: Edvardsson Ingi Runar , Óskarsson Guðmundur Kristján , Durst Susanne 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to present findings on outsourcing practices in small service firms in Iceland, where the prime focus is on knowledge-intensive service firms.

Design/methodology/approach
To gain information on the scope and reason for outsourcing, telephone and online surveys were used. In total, 802 firms participated in the surveys, which were conducted in the period 2009-2018.

Findings
The results show that knowledge-intensive firms outsource far more than other service firms and are also more likely to have an outsourcing strategy. The grounds for increased outsourcing are cost reduction and strategic reasons, such as a focus on core competency and the search for external knowledge. In comparison with other firms, knowledge-intensive firms are increasingly outsourcing cleaning, security services, canteen and transportation, IT processes, human resource management, training and consulting. Additionally, managers of these firms select suppliers more on the basis of cost and quality. They also realize more cost savings as a consequence of outsourcing. Outsourcing had a very limited effect on employment in the firms, while cost reduction was achieved in 48.3 per cent of the firms involved.

Research limitations/implications
The findings are in line with the resource-based theory and, interestingly, this is not limited to knowledge-based firms, but to a large portion of service firms as well.

Originality/value
This is the first in-depth study on outsourcing patterns in knowledge-intensive firms, which uses theoretical classification in empirical analysis.
Interleukin‐17A suppresses granular layer formation in a 3‐D human epidermis model through regulation of terminal differentiation genes
Authors: Sato Emi , Yano Narumi , Fujita Yuka , Imafuku Shinichi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractImmunotherapies targeting interleukin (IL)‐17 greatly improve plaque psoriasis. Most previous studies on IL‐17 focused on the T‐helper (Th)17 immune response, but investigation of the effects of IL‐17A on psoriatic epidermal structure are limited. Using an in vitro 3‐D human epidermis model, we investigated the effects of IL‐17A and IL‐17C on morphological changes and gene expression. IL‐17A directly suppressed the formation of the granular layer, whereas IL‐17C did not. IL‐17A significantly downregulated the gene expression of profilaggrin (FLG), which is a major component of keratohyalin granules in the granular layer. Global gene expression analysis of this 3‐D epidermis model showed that both IL‐17A and IL‐17C upregulated S100A7A and type 1 interferon‐related genes including MX1, IFI44L, XAF1 and IFIT1. However, only IL‐17A directly downregulated keratinocyte differentiation‐related and cornified envelope‐related genes including FLG, LOR, C1ORF68, LCE1E, LCE1B, KRT10, CST6 and RPTN. In conclusion, IL‐17A, a systemic inflammatory cytokine, affected keratinization in our 3‐D epidermis model. In contrast, IL‐17C, a locally produced cytokine, did not have strong effects on keratinization. Targeting IL‐17A does not only reduce inflammation but it may also directly affect epidermal differentiation in psoriasis.
Towards a framework for understanding the context dependence of impacts of non‐native tree species
Authors: Sapsford Sarah J. , Brandt Angela J. , Davis Kimberley T. , Peralta Guadalupe , Dickie Ian A. , Gibson Robert D. , Green Joanna L. , Hulme Philip E. , Nuñez Martin A. , Orwin Kate H. , Pauchard Anibal , Wardle David A. , Peltzer Duane A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Biological invasions are a major driver of ecosystem change but causes of variation in their environmental impacts over space and time remain poorly understood. Most approaches used to quantify the impacts of non‐native species assume there are interactions among per capita (i.e. individual level) effects, species abundance and the area occupied by the species. However, studies rarely evaluate these factors and their interactions and often fail to recognize that the magnitude of impacts can be highly context dependent. Understanding what drives the context dependence of non‐native species impacts can improve our understanding and predictions of ecosystem change and better inform options for mitigation.

Conifers, especially pines, are among the most problematic non‐native plant species globally. We use Pinaceae to illustrate how context dependence in biodiversity and environmental impacts of non‐native plant species can be generated by at least four processes: nonlinear density effects; intraspecific variation in functional traits; shifts in impacts over time; and persistence of impacts as biological or ecosystem legacies following non‐native species removal. Using this understanding, we develop a framework to better quantify interactions of impacts along environmental gradients (e.g. soil fertility, climate, ecosystem age).

We demonstrate how impacts of non‐native species can occur at both low and high density, and that failing to account for intraspecific variation in effect traits can lead to significant errors in the prediction of impacts. By incorporating context dependence in regard to density and functional traits, we can measure how the interaction of this context dependence will shift along environmental gradients. Moreover, disentangling the roles of species and abundance along such gradients will provide new insights into the net effects of both the native and non‐native components of communities. We use a working example of our framework that incorporates all four processes to demonstrate how to measure fire risk impacts of Pinus contorta.

We show that ecosystem impacts of non‐native tree species are not fixed but rather vary predictably along major environmental gradients. Moreover, removal of non‐native species through management provides an important tool for revealing biological and ecosystem legacy effects. Although we focus here on relatively well‐documented Pinaceae, the new insights into context dependence of impacts can be widely applied across species, environments and regions.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
‘If there were doctors who could understand our problems, I would already be better’: dissatisfactory health care and marginalisation in superdiverse neighbourhoods.
Authors: Bradby Hannah , Lindenmeyer Antje , Phillimore Jenny , Padilla Beatriz , Brand Tilman 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHow people in community settings describe their experience of disappointing health care, and their responses to such dissatisfaction, sheds light on the role of marginalisation and underlines the need for radically responsive service provision. Making the case for studying unprompted accounts of dissatisfaction with healthcare provision, this is an original analysis of 71 semi‐structured interviews with healthcare users in superdiverse neighbourhoods in four European cities. Healthcare users spontaneously express disappointment with services that dismiss their concerns and fail to attend to their priorities. Analysing characteristics of these healthcare users show that no single aspect of marginalisation shapes the expression of disappointment. In response to disappointing health care, users sought out alternative services and to persuade reluctant service providers, and they withdrew from services, in order to access more suitable health care and to achieve personal vindication. Promoting normative quality standards for diverse and diversifying populations that access care from a range of public and private service providers is in tension with prioritising services that are responsive to individual priorities. Without an effort towards radically responsive service provision, the ideal of universal access on the basis of need gives way to normative service provision.
Validity and reliability of Work Productivity and Activity Impairment among patients with axial spondyloarthritis in Singapore
Authors: Phang Jie Kie , Kwan Yu Heng , Fong Warren , Tan Chuen Seng , Lui Nai Lee , Thumboo Julian , Leung Ying Ying 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the validity and reliability of the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire in patients with axSpA.MethodsEnglish‐speaking patients seen at a dedicated axSpA clinic in a Singapore tertiary referral hospital were recruited from 2017 to 2019. Content validity of the WPAI was assessed through cognitive debriefing interviews (CDIs). Construct validity was assessed by a priori hypotheses regarding the correlations of the WPAI outcomes (absenteeism, presenteeism, overall work productivity loss, and activity impairment) with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Patient Global Score (BAS‐G), patient global assessment (PGA) and pain scores. Known group validity was assessed relative to disease activity. Test‐retest reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) in patients without treatment change 2 weeks apart.ResultsCognitive debriefing interviews conducted with 10 patients (22‐46 years old, 50% male) supported the content validity of the WPAI. We analyzed cross‐sectional data from 168 patients (mean [SD] age 41.0 [14.4], 79.8% male). Construct validity was established by meeting 100% of the hypotheses. Presenteeism, overall work productivity loss, and activity impairment demonstrated strong correlations with BASFI, BAS‐G, PGA, and pain (rs > .6). The WPAI was able to distinguish patients grouped by disease activity. Test‐retest reliability conducted with 50 patients ranged from moderate to good for all the four outcomes (absenteeism: ICC = 0.54; presenteeism: ICC = 0.76; activity impairment: ICC = 0.79; overall work productivity loss: ICC = 0.83; all P < .01).ConclusionsThis study supports the content validity, construct validity, and test‐retest reliability of the WPAI in patients with axSpA.
Correlation between serological biomarkers of extracellular matrix turnover and lung fibrosis and pulmonary artery hypertension in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Kubo Satoshi , Siebuhr Anne Sofie , Bay‐Jensen Anne‐C. , Juhl Pernille , Karsdal Morten A. , Satoh Yurie , Todoroki Yasuyuki , Nakano Kazuhisa , Nakayamada Shingo , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the value of serological biomarkers of collagen degradation/turnover as serum markers of organ involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).MethodsSerum samples were obtained from 79 SSc patients and 19 healthy control subjects. Types I to VI collagen turnover, excluding type II collagen, were evaluated using nine serological biomarkers. Organ involvement, such as interstitial lung disease (ILD), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), esophageal motility disorder, lower gastrointestinal lesions, joint contractures and digital ulceration, were evaluated and correlated with serum biomarkers.ResultsAmong multiple serological biomarkers of collagen turnover, the mean level of C5M was higher in SSc (3.9 ng/mL) than healthy subjects (2.6 ng/mL). In addition, PRO‐C6 (12.6 ng/mL vs 5.4 ng/mL) and C6M (26.0 ng/mL vs 16.7 ng/mL) were higher in SSc than the controls. The modified Rodnan skin score correlated with PRO‐C3 and PRO‐C6. Serum level of C6M was higher in patients with ILD. Furthermore, serum levels of PRO‐C3, PRO‐C6, and C6M were higher in patients with PAH. The use of high levels of these biomarkers as risk factors of PAH showed that all patients with PAH had high levels of risk factors. Of note, two‐third of patients with serum PRO‐C3, PRO‐C6 and C6M values above the respective cut‐off values had PAH.ConclusionOur study indicated that collagen turnover abnormality, especially type VI collagen, is not only important pathologically in skin sclerosis but also in organ involvement. These biomarkers of collagen turnover are potentially clinically useful as biomarkers of organ involvement in SSc.
Pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor regulates the immune status of patients with small cell lung cancer
Authors: Sun Jing , Bai Hua , Wang Zhijie , Duan Jianchun , Li Jin , Guo Ruimin , Wang Jie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease involving immunodeficiency for which chemotherapy is the standard treatment. Pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (PEG‐rhG‐CSF) is widely used for primary or secondary prophylaxis of febrile neutropenia (FN) in chemotherapy. However, whether PEG‐rhG‐CSF influences immune cells, such as lymphocytes, remains unclear.MethodsA total of 17 treatment‐naïve SCLC patients were prospectively enrolled and divided into the PEG‐rhG‐CSF and control groups according to their FN risk. Longitudinal sampling of peripheral blood was performed before, after and 4–6 days after the first cycle of chemotherapy. Flow cytometry was used to assess lymphocyte subsets, including CD3+ T, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, NK, and B cells. The diversity and clonality of the T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire was analyzed by next‐generation sequencing.ResultsIn the PEG‐rhG‐CSF group, the proportions of CD3+ T and CD4+ T cells had increased significantly (P = 0.002, P = 0.020, respectively), whereas there was no increase in CD8+ T cells. Further, TCR diversity increased (P = 0.009) and clonality decreased (P = 0.004) significantly after PEG‐rhG‐CSF treatment. However, these factors showed opposite trends before and after chemotherapy. Vβ and Jβ gene fragment types, which determine TCR diversity, were significantly amplified in the PEG‐rhG‐CSF group. The change in TCR diversity was significantly correlated with changes in the CD3+ T or CD4+ T cell proportions, but not the CD8+ T cell proportion.ConclusionsPEG‐rhG‐CSF regulates the immune status of SCLC patients; CD4+ T cells may be the main effector cells involved in this process. These findings may optimize the treatment of SCLC.Key points
PEG‐rhG‐CSF regulates SCLC immunity.
PEG‐rhG‐CSF increased CD3+ T and CD4+T cell proportions.
PEG‐rhG‐CSF increased TCR diversity and decreased clonality in peripheral blood.
Change in TCR diversity were correlated with CD3+ T or CD4+ T changes.
Revisiting advice on the analysis of count data
Authors: Morrissey Michael B. , Ruxton Graeme D. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

O'Hara and Kotze (Methods Ecol Evol 1: 118–122, 2010) present simulation results that appear to show very poor behaviour (as judged by bias and overall accuracy) of linear models applied to count data, especially in relation to GLM analysis.

We considered O'Hara and Kotze's (2010) comparisons, and determined that the finding occurred primarily because the quantity that they estimated in their simulations of the linear model analysis (the mean of a transformation of the count data) was not the same quantity that was simulated and to which the results were compared (the logarithm of the mean of the count data). We correct this discrepancy, re‐run O'Hara and Kotze's simulations and add additional simple analyses.

We found that the apparent superiority of the GLMs over linear models in O'Hara and Kotze's (2010) simulations was primarily an artefact of divergence in the meanings of results from the two analyses. After converting results from linear model analyses of transformed data to estimators of the same quantity as provided by the GLM, results from both analyses rarely differed substantially. Furthermore, under the circumstances considered by O'Hara and Kotze, we find that an even simpler implementation of linear model analysis, inference of the mean of the raw data, performs even better and gives identical results to the GLM.

While the analysis of count data with GLMs can certainly provide many benefits, we strongly caution against interpreting O'Hara and Kotze's (2010) results as evidence that simpler approaches are severely flawed.
Association of post‐reperfusion syndrome and ischemia‐reperfusion injury with acute kidney injury after liver transplantation
Authors: Tokodai Kazuaki , Lannsjö Claudia , Kjaernet Felicia , Romano Antonio , Januszkiewicz Anna , Ericzon Bo‐Göran , Nowak Greg 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently observed after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) even in patients with previously normal renal function. In this study, we investigated the impact of factors such graft steatosis, post‐reperfusion syndrome (PRS), and hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (HIRI) on the development of AKI after OLT in adult patients.MethodsWe retrospectively examined consecutive adult patients who underwent OLT at our institution between July 2011 and June 2017. AKI was diagnosed based on the criteria proposed by the International Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) workgroup. Peak aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level within 72 hours after OLT was used as a surrogate marker for HIRI. Graft steatosis was diagnosed by histopathological examination using specimens biopsied intraoperatively at the end of transplantation procedure and categorized as <10%, 10%‐20%, 20%‐30%, and ≥30% of hepatic steatosis.ResultsOut of 386 patients, 141 (37%) developed AKI (KDIGO stage 1:71 patients; stage 2:29 patients; stage 3:41 patients). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that cold ischemic time (P = .012) and HIRI (P = .007) were independent risk factors for post‐OLT AKI. Multivariable analysis also revealed that graft steatosis was associated with HIRI but not directly with AKI. PRS was not associated with HIRI or AKI in the multivariable analyses.ConclusionOur results indicate that greater severity of liver graft injury during transplantation negatively affects renal function after OLT. As expected, the severity of liver graft steatosis contributes to accelerated liver injury occurring during the transplantation procedure.
Diagnostic tests and treatment procedures performed prior to cardiovascular death in individuals with severe mental illness
Authors: Heiberg I. H. , Nesvåg R. , Balteskard L. , Bramness J. G. , Hultman C. M. , Næss Ø. , Reichborn‐Kjennerud T. , Ystrom E. , Jacobsen B. K. , Høye A. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo examine whether severe mental illnesses (i.e., schizophrenia or bipolar disorder) affected diagnostic testing and treatment for cardiovascular diseases in primary and specialized health care.MethodsWe performed a nationwide study of 72 385 individuals who died from cardiovascular disease, of whom 1487 had been diagnosed with severe mental illnesses. Log‐binomial regression analysis was applied to study the impact of severe mental illnesses on the uptake of diagnostic tests (e.g., 24‐h blood pressure, glucose/HbA1c measurements, electrocardiography, echocardiography, coronary angiography, and ultrasound of peripheral vessels) and invasive cardiovascular treatments (i.e., revascularization, arrhythmia treatment, and vascular surgery).ResultsPatients with and without severe mental illnesses had similar prevalences of cardiovascular diagnostic tests performed in primary care, but patients with schizophrenia had lower prevalences of specialized cardiovascular examinations (prevalence ratio (PR) 0.78; 95% CI 0.73–0.85). Subjects with severe mental illnesses had lower prevalences of invasive cardiovascular treatments (schizophrenia, PR 0.58; 95% CI 0.49–0.70, bipolar disorder, PR 0.78; 95% CI 0.66–0.92). The prevalence of invasive cardiovascular treatments was similar in patients with and without severe mental illnesses when cardiovascular disease was diagnosed before death.ConclusionBetter access to specialized cardiovascular examinations is important to ensure equal cardiovascular treatments among individuals with severe mental illnesses.