bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors with endoscopic resection
Authors: Chou Chu‐Kuang , Liao Kai‐Sheng , Chen Chi‐Yi , Lin I‐Li , Tsai Kun‐Feng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors (GI SETs) have been under debate because of the low biopsy yield rate and risk of surgery. Owing to the advancement in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER), GI SETs may be resected under acceptable risk, and the nature of GI SETs can be studied. However, the efficacy of endoscopic resection in the diagnosis and management of GI SETs remains unclear. We present our single‐hospital experience of resecting GI SETs with ESD and STER to explore the efficacy of this technique and the nature of GI SETs. Thirty‐nine patients with GI SETs who underwent ESD and STER were analyzed retrospectively. Patients' clinical data, procedure parameters, pathologic diagnosis, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Thirty‐nine GI SETs were resected, 36 by ESD, and 3 by STER. Thirty‐eight (97.4%) tumors were from the submucosal layer and one from the muscular layer. Fifteen, 13, and 11 tumors were located in the esophagus, stomach, and colon, respectively. The mean tumor size was 16.8 ± 1.3 mm. In the esophagus, leiomyomas were the most common diagnosis, followed by the lymphoepithelial cyst, epithelial hyperplasia, focal lymphoid hyperplasia, and dilated submucosal gland. The esophageal tumor from the muscularis propria was GI stromal tumor (GIST). In the stomach, 53.8% of the submucosal tumors were ectopic pancreas, followed by lipoma, calcifying fibrous tumor, GIST, submucosal inflammation, and angiodysplasia with focal ulcers. The submucosal tumors in the colon were diagnosed as neuroendocrine tumors (NETs, n = 5), lipomas (n = 4), leiomyoma (n = 1), and foreign body‐related granuloma (n = 1). Seven (17.9%) of all tumors were NETs and GISTs with malignant potential. All cases were resected completely. The overall procedural time was 37.9 ± 4.6 minutes. Severe fibrosis was more likely encountered in the stomach with a rate of 46.1%, with the gastric ectopic pancreas having a 71.4% severe fibrosis rate. Only 13 patients completed follow‐up endoscopic ultrasound or endoscopy within 1 year after ESD and STER, and no recurrence was noted. There were no major complications, and none of the patients required admission to the intensive care unit or surgery. Three perforations were encountered during STER, which were smoothly managed with hemoclips without surgery. ESD and STER can be an effective modality for the diagnosis and management of GI SETs in a selected group of patients. Most of the lesions are benign, whereas some have malignant potential. More studies on the nature of GI SETs are required to justify the indications of endoscopic resection.
Tetra‐benzothiadiazole‐based [12]Cycloparaphenylene with Bright Emission and Its Supramolecular Assembly
Authors: Qiu Zhen‐Lin , Tang Chun , Wang Xin‐Rong , Ju Yang‐Yang , Chu Ke‐Shan , Deng Ze‐Ying , Hou Hao , Liu Yu‐Min , Tan Yuan‐Zhi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe radial conjugated π‐system of cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) makes them intriguing fluorophores and unique supramolecular hosts. However, the bright photoluminescence (PL) of CPPs was limited to the blue light and the supramolecular assembly behavior of large CPPs was rarely investigated. Here we present the synthesis of tetra‐benzothiadiazole‐based [12]cycloparaphenylene (TB[12]CPP), which exhibits a lime to orange PL with an excellent quantum yield up to 82 % in solution. The PL quantum yield of TB[12]CPP can be further improved to 98 % in polymer matrix. Benefiting from its enlarged size, TB[12]CPP can accommodate a fullerene derivative or concave–convex complexes of fullerene and buckybowl through the combined π–π and C−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions. The latter demonstrates the first case of a ternary supramolecule of CPPs.
Intermolecular Alkene Difunctionalization via Gold‐Catalyzed Oxyarylation
Authors: Zhang Shuyao , Wang Chenhuan , Ye Xiaohan , Shi Xiaodong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe gold‐catalyzed intermolecular oxyarylation of alkenes is reported. This work employed the oxidative addition of aryl iodides to Me−DalphosAu+ for the formation of a AuIII−Ar intermediate. The better binding ability of alkenes over O nucleophiles ensured the success of intermolecular oxyarylation, giving desired products with a broad substrate scope and high efficiency (>50 examples with up to 95 % yield). One‐pot converting of methoxy groups into other nucleophiles allowed achieving alkene difunctionalization with the construction of C−N, C−S, and C−C bonds under mild conditions.
Preparation of tetrafluoro‐λ6‐sulfanyl bridged‐bonding perfluoroalkyl styrene and its emulsion copolymerization with acrylate monomers for cotton fabrics finishing
Authors: Liu Kexin , Chen Lei , Li Zhanxiong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract4‐(Perfluorobutyl)styrene, 4‐(Perfluorohexyl)styrene, 4‐[Perfluorobutyl(tetrafluoro‐λ6‐sulfanyl)]styrene (C4F9SF4styrene), and 4‐[Perfluorohexyl(tetrafluoro‐λ6‐sulfanyl)]styrene (C6F13SF4styrene) were prepared in two or three steps. The short‐chain perfluoroalkyl groups are modified through the insertion of tetrafluoro‐λ6‐sulfanyl linked groups (SF4). The prepared perfluoroalkyl styrene acts as functional monomers to react with butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and hydroxyethyl methacrylate for emulsion copolymerization to obtain side‐chain fluoropolymers. The long‐chain fluoropolymer formed in contrast to the tetrafluorosulfanyl (SF4) modified ones. The emulsions were applied on cotton fabrics to give hydrophobicity. The result showed that the fabrics treated with tetrafluorosulfanyl‐modified fluoropolymers were more hydrophobic, indicating that the introduction of SF4 was beneficial to provide lower surface energy and obtain better water repellent performance. The water contact angles record the varying degrees of variation in polymer degradation under UV exposure. The result showed that, as the perfluoroalkyl is bonded by SF4, when comparing with the carbon‐chain perfluoroalkyl polymer, the tetrafluorosulfanyl‐modified fluoropolymer is more degradable during UV irradiation.
Photodegradation of polybenzimidazole/polyvinyl chloride composites and polybenzimidazole: Density functional theory and experimental study
Authors: Jin Dandan , Khanal Santosh , Zhang Chao , Xu Shiai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, density functional theory (DFT) and experimental study were conducted to investigate the photodegradation of PVC composites. The results indicate that chain crosslinking, chain scission, dehydrochlorination, and photooxidation are suppressed, while the tensile strength retention of PVC composite reaches a maximum with the incorporation of polybenzimidazole (PBI) and polyacrylic acid modified carbon black. The allyl group can obviously reduce Gibb's free energy (∆G) of PVC in attack by triplet state oxygen (3O2), and photooxidation of PVC is accelerated in the presence of PBI due to the photogeneration of singlet state oxygen (1O2). Photodegradation of PBI was also studied by UV–vis spectroscopy and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectroscopy, while the possible photodegradation pathways of PBI were proposed. The disappearance of UV‐absorption of PBI in PVC matrix after 600 h UV‐weathering is probably related to the byproducts and molecular properties.
Synthesis and characterization of UV‐curable nanocellulose/ZnO/AlN acrylic flexible films: Thermal, dynamic mechanical and piezoelectric response
Authors: Signore Maria Assunta , De Pascali Chiara , Duraccio Donatella , Malucelli Giulio , Fioravanti Ambra , Melissano Enrico , Martucci Maria Concetta , Masieri Maurizio , Siciliano Pietro , Francioso Luca 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis work is aimed at fabricating nanocomposites based on zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures and nanocellulose dispersed in a UV‐cured acrylic matrix (EC) for application as functional coatings for self‐powered applications. Morphological, thermal, and dynamic mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were characterized by X‐Ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The piezoelectric behavior was evaluated in terms of root mean square (RMS) open circuit voltage, at different accelerations applied to cantilever beams. The generated voltage was correlated with ZnO nanostructures morphology, aluminum nitride film integration on the beam and proof mass insertion at the tip. Nitride layer increased the RMS voltage from 1 to 2.4 mV up to 3.9 mV (using ZnO nanoflowers). As confirmed by XRD analyses, the incorporation of ZnO nanostructures into the acrylic matrix favored an ordered structural arrangement of the deposited AlN layer, hence improving the piezoelectric response of the resulting nanocomposites. With proof mass insertion, the output voltage was further increased, reaching 4.5 mV for the AlN‐coated system containing ZnO nanoflowers.
A Snapshot of Water and Sewer Affordability in the United States, 2019
Authors: Teodoro Manuel P. , Saywitz Robin Rose 
Published: August 2020

Key TakeawaysIn 2019, US utilities on average charged the equivalent of 10.1 hours’ labor at minimum wage for basic monthly water and sewer service for a four‐person household.Basic water and sewer service cost an average of 12.4% of disposable income for a four‐person household at the 20th percentile income.US water and sewer service on average became less affordable over the past two years, varying by region and utility ownership, driven by increasing water and nonwater prices.
Breitband‐Schallabsorber für Räume mit besonderen Akustik‐Anforderungen
Authors: Fuchs Helmut V. , Alexander Bradley , Weinzierl Stefan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMit ehrendem Gedenken an Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Wolfgang Fasold geschriebenFür Räume, die eine mühelose und ungestörte Sprachkommunikation ermöglichen sollen, gelten erhöhte akustische Anforderungen. Als besondere Herausforderung hat sich hierbei eine Dämpfung der tieffrequenten Schallanteile erwiesen. Hierfür geeignete, genügend breitbandig wirksame Absorber wie Verbundplatten‐Resonatoren belegen jedoch eine große Wand‐ oder Deckenfläche und sind für viele Anwendungen zu sperrig und teuer. Das hier vorgestellte, neuartige Modul, das allseitig stabil von einem nur teilweise perforierten Metallgehäuse umschlossen ist, weist demgegenüber nicht nur eine höhere Wirksamkeit auf, sondern eignet sich aufgrund seiner modularen Bauweise und geringer Herstellungskosten für eine Vielzahl von Raumtypen, auch für eine Nachrüstung bei laufendem Betrieb. Messwerte aus dem Hallraum und von ersten raumakustischen Sanierungen bestätigen die theoretischen Erwartungen und stellen eine praktikable Lösung für ein allgegenwärtiges Problem der Bauphysik in Aussicht.
Association between serum NPTX2 and cognitive function in patients with vascular dementia
Authors: Shao Keke , Shan Shiqin , Ru Wenwen , Ma Cuihua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveNeuronal Pentraxin 2 (NPTX2) has recently been widely reported as a novel biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its correlation with vascular dementia (VaD) has not been elucidated. This study aimed to explore the correlation between NPTX2 and the cognitive function of VaD patients.Methods112 VaD patients and 76 healthy controls were included in the study. Upon admission, clinical baseline data for all subjects were collected. Serum NPTX2 levels were determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). At the same time, the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scale was used to measure cognitive function. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between serum NPTX2 level and the cognitive function of VaD patients.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, VaD patients had lower serum NPTX2 levels (p < .001). The results of Spearman's correlation analysis showed that serum NPTX2 levels in VaD patients were positively correlated with MoCA scores (r = .347, p = .042). The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that after adjusting for common risk factors, serum NPTX2 levels in VaD patients were still significantly associated with MoCA scores (β = 0.346, p = .039).ConclusionsSerum NPTX2 level was independently associated with cognitive function in patients with VaD. Serum NPTX2 level may be a novel predictor for cognitive function in VaD.
The pathway toward pollution mitigation: Does institutional quality make a difference?
Authors: Danish  , Ulucak Recep 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInstitutions in a country ensure sustainability and play a significant role in economic development by encouraging best practices in governmental interventions. A strong and transparent institutional framework opposes corruption and improves the management of public finances, which may also yield desired outcomes for the environment and society. However, the role of institutions in environmental issues is still under‐investigated in the literature. This study aims to investigate the relationship between renewable energy consumption, institutional quality, economic performance, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in 18 Asia‐Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) countries for the period 1992–2015. To this end, robust panel data estimation techniques are employed. The study confirms that a cointegration relationship exists among study variables. Evidence from the empirical results reveals that institutions have beneficial environmental effects. Likewise, renewable energy reduces carbon emissions to mitigate climate change, but nonrenewable energy harms the environment. Institutional quality helps to form the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in APEC countries. Finally, causality analysis refers to the unidirectional causality running from institutional quality to CO2 emissions. Results reveal that stronger institutional arrangements in APEC countries could be the solution for implementations of effective environmental regulation to combat rising environmental challenges without sacrificing higher economic growth.
Generation of FX−/− and Gmds−/−CHOZN host cell lines for the production of afucosylated therapeutic antibodies
Authors: Liu Weiyi , Padmashali Roshan , Monzon Omar Quintero , Lundberg Dianna , Jin Shan , Dwyer Brian , Lee Yun‐Jung , Korde Anisha , Park Sophia , Pan Clark , Zhang Bohong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAntibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is the primary mechanism of actions for several marketed therapeutic antibodies (mAbs) and for many more in clinical trials. The ADCC efficacy is highly dependent on the ability of therapeutic mAbs to recruit effector cells such as natural killer cells, which induce the apoptosis of targeted cells. The recruitment of effector cells by mAbs is negatively affected by fucose modification of N‐Glycans on the Fc; thus, utilization of afucosylated mAbs has been a trend for enhanced ADCC therapeutics. Most of afucosylated mAbs in clinical or commercial manufacturing were produced from Fut8−/− Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) host cells, generally generating low yields compared to wildtype CHO host. This study details the generation and characterization of two engineered CHOZN® cell lines, in which the enzyme involved in guanosine diphosphate (GDP)‐fucose synthesis, GDP mannose‐4,6‐dehydratase (Gmds) and GDP‐L‐fucose synthase (FX), was knocked out. The top host cell lines for each of the knockouts, FX−/− and Gmds−/−, were selected based on growth robustness, bulk MSX selection tolerance, production titer, fucosylation level, and cell stability. We tested the production of two proprietary IgG1 mAbs in the engineered host cells, and found that the titers were comparable to CHOZN® cells. The mAbs generated from either KO cell line exhibited loss of fucose modification, leading to significantly boosted FcγRIIIa binding and ADCC effects. Our data demonstrated that both FX−/− and Gmds−/− host cells could replace Fut8−/− CHO cells for clinical manufacturing of antibody therapeutics.
Efficacy of surgery and chemotherapy for stage IV small bowel adenocarcinoma: A population‐based analysis using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result Program database
Authors: Liu Tongtong , Wu Yunlong , Jiang Tao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe role of surgery and chemotherapy for stage IV small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is still confused. The results from previous analyses have been limited by small sample sizes and different treatment regimens.MethodsPatients with stage IV SBA were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result Program (SEER) database. Cause‐specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated with Kaplan‐Meier methods and log‐rank test. Multiple logistic and Cox regression identified covariates associated with treatment options and survival.Results1219 eligible patients were involved in this study. The median age was 67 (range, 20‐95) with 655 (53.7%) males and 564 (46.3%) females. Age and primary tumor site were significantly associated with surgery performance, age was also significantly associated with chemotherapy (P < .01). To reduce bias, further six subgroups were divided by age (≤65 and >65) and primary tumor site (duodenum, jejunum and ileum). Chemotherapy and surgery conferred a benefit on survival of the whole cohort (the median CSS of different treatment groups were 17, 9, 4, and 1 month respectively, P < .001) and most subgroups (83.3%, 5/6). In multivariate analysis, surgery (P = .006), and chemotherapy (P = .038) are still independent factors of favorable CSS and OS. For patients with surgery (n = 362), radical surgery was not associated with better survival.ConclusionFor stage IV SBA patients, the present study showed that age and primary tumor site were significantly associated with treatment preference. Surgery and chemotherapy were consistently correlated with favorable survival for the whole cohort or most specific subgroups. However, compared with palliative surgery, significant association was not found in patients with radical surgery with better outcome. More prospective well‐defined cohorts would add knowledge for this rare disease.
Cardiovascular disease, risk factors, and health behaviors among cancer survivors and spouses: A MEPS Study
Authors: Song Lixin , Guan Ting , Guo Peiran , Song Fengyu , Van Houtven Courtney , Tan Xianming , Keyserling Thomas C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the prevalences of CVD, CVD risk factors. and health behaviors among cancer survivor‐spouse dyads, assess how these prevalences differ by role (survivor vs spouse) and gender, and report congruences in health behaviors between survivors and their spouses.MethodsWe identified 1026 survivor‐spouse dyads from the 2010‐2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. We used weighted multivariable logistic and linear regressions to analyze the data related to CVD, CVD risk factors, and health behaviors.ResultsSurvivors and spouses reported high prevalences of CVD and CVD risk factors but low engagement in healthy behaviors, including non‐smoking, physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight (proxy for healthy diet). Gender and role differences were significantly related to the prevalence of CVD, CVD risk factors, and health behaviors among survivors and spouses. From 39% to 88% of survivors and spouses were congruent in their current smoking status, physical activity engagement/disengagement, and BMI.ConclusionCancer survivors and spouses have high rates of CVD and CVD risk factors and poor engagement in healthful lifestyle behaviors. A high proportion of survivors and spouses were congruent in their current smoking status, physical activity engagement/disengagement, and BMI. Effective lifestyle interventions are needed for this high‐risk population. Couple‐focused interventions may be well‐suited for these dyads and warrant further study.Implications for Cancer SurvivorsBoth cancer survivors and their spouses need to be non‐moking, more physically active, and maintain normal BMI in order to reduce their high risk of CVD and CVD risk factors.
Off‐label prescribing of targeted anticancer therapy at a large pediatric cancer center
Authors: Lim Mir , Shulman David S. , Roberts Holly , Li Anran , Clymer Jessica , Bona Kira , Al‐Sayegh Hasan , Ma Clement , DuBois Steven G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundOff‐label drug prescribing is common in pediatric clinical medicine, though the extent and impact of this practice in pediatric oncology has not yet been characterized.MethodsWe completed a retrospective single‐institution cohort study evaluating prevalence, characteristics, and clinical outcomes of off‐label prescribing of 108 FDA‐approved targeted anticancer drugs in patients < 30 years old treated for cancer from 2007 to 2017. Dosing strategies were adjusted for body size and compared to FDA‐approved adult dosing regimen. A composite toxicity endpoint was defined as a patient having unplanned clinic visits, emergency department visits, or unplanned hospital admissions that were at least possibly related to the off‐label treatment.ResultsThe overall prevalence of off‐label use of targeted therapies was 9.2% (n = 374 patients). The prevalence increased significantly over the study period (P < .0001). Patients treated off‐label were more likely to have neuro‐oncology diagnoses compared to patients not treated off‐label (46% vs 29%; P < .0001). Of the 108 potential agents, 38 (35%) were used by at least one patient. The median starting dose was below the FDA‐approved normalized dose for 44.4% of agents. Fifteen percent of patients had a complete response while receiving off‐label therapy, 38% experienced toxicity as defined, and 13% discontinued off‐label therapy due to toxicity.ConclusionsIn this real‐world evaluation of prescribing at a large pediatric cancer center, off‐label prescribing of FDA‐approved targeted therapies was common, increasing in prevalence, encompassed a broad sample of targeted agents, and was tolerable. Clinicians commonly start dosing below the equivalent FDA‐approved dose.
LncRNA TTN‐AS1/miR‐134‐5p/PAK3 axis regulates the radiosensitivity of human large intestine cancer cells through the P21 pathway and AKT/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Zuo Zhenkui , Ji Shuling , He Lulu , Zhang Yage , Peng Zining , Han Jiarui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRadiotherapy is an important adjuvant treatment for large intestine cancer even though it does not cause any response in many patients. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the TTN antisense RNA 1 (TTN‐AS1) long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) on radiotherapy dynamics of large intestine cancer cells and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. TTN‐AS1 expression was evaluated by reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and cellular immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry analysis was used to measure apoptosis. Radiotherapy was simulated in vitro by exposing cancer cells to X‐ray. TTN‐AS1 was highly expressed in large intestine cancer cells after an X‐ray exposition for 24 hr. TTN‐AS1 knockdown improved the radiosensitivity of large intestine cancer cells and promoted apoptosis by increasing Bax/Bcl2 protein expression and the active‐caspase 3/caspase 3 ratios following X‐ray treatment. In addition, TTN‐AS1 negatively regulated miR‐134‐5p expression, and miR‐134‐5p‐mimic transfection decreased PAK3 protein expression in large intestine cancer cells. Importantly, TTN‐AS1 promoted PAK3 and P21 protein expression in HT29 cells after X‐ray treatment. Moreover, the knockdown of P21 protein expression improved radiosensitivity and promoted X‐ray‐induced apoptosis of HT29 cells. Finally, PAK3 knockdown expression decreased the p‐AKT/AKT and p‐GSK‐3β/GSK‐3β ratios and promoted the β‐catenin transfer from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. These data suggest that the TTN‐AS1 lncRNA promoted resistance to radiotherapy of large intestine cancer cells by increasing PAK3 expression via miR‐134‐5p inhibition, and this may be related to the P21 and AKT/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin pathway.