bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative ultrastructure and ornamentation characteristics of scales in gobiid species (Teleostei: Gobiidae) using the scanning electron microscope
Authors: Sadeghi Reza , Esmaeili Hamid Reza , Teimori Azad , Ebrahimi Mehregan , Gholamhosseini Ali 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo study scale based phylogenetic affinity, the ultrastructure and ornamentation characteristics of body key scales were studied for 12 gobiid species from the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf including Qeshm and Hormuz Islands and the Makran coast of the Oman Sea using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. The scales were removed from below the first dorsal fin, cleaned in potassium hydroxide solution 1%, and were prepared for the SEM imaging. The presence of both ctenoid and cycloid scales in the studied gobiids was revealed. The focus of ctenoid scales was positioned posteriorly, while the focus of cycloid scales was positioned in the postero‐central part of the scale. In all the studied species, radii were located only on the anterior part of the scale, and the primary radii were dominant. Also, there were no granules in the inter circular space, but bifurcation was observed in some circuli. In most species, the teeth‐like structures called lepidonts were present on the crest of circuli, which functionally help to firmly attach the scales to the epithelium. The dendrogram of the between‐groups‐linkage method sorted the gobiid species into the two main groups of five distinct clusters: (a)Cryptocentroides arabicusandCryptocentrus cyanotaenia(theCryptocentrus‐lineage); (b)Bathygobius meggittiandBathygobius cocosensis(theGlossogobius‐lineage); (c)Coryogalops adamsoniandCoryogalops tessellatus(theGobius‐lineage); (d)Acentrogobius dayi,Istigobius ornatus,Favonigobius reichei,Aulopareia ocellata, andSilhouettea ghazalae(theGobiopsis‐lineage). It seems that the dendrogram topology obtained based on the macro‐and microscopic structures of scales, reveals phylogenetic lineages of gobies that have already been proposed for these taxa. Hence, the results of this study are largely consistent with the previous molecular studies on the gobiid fishes and implied that besides other data, the analysis of scale shape and scale‐surface microstructures could be served to study the diversification of gobiid species.
Delivering bad news fairly: Higher construal level promotes interactional justice enactment through perspective taking
Authors: Holt Lauren , Bobocel D. Ramona , Chen Valerie 
Published: December 2020

SummaryHow can managers deliver bad news with greater interactional justice? We propose a novel cognitive pathway: Construing the activity at a higher (vs. lower) level increases actors' other‐oriented perspective taking, which in turn promotes the enactment of interactional justice. Three studies provide support. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated a beneficial effect of construal level on interactional justice enactment when explaining a hypothetical bad news decision. Study 2 also showed that other‐oriented perspective taking is the mechanism through which construal level promotes interactional justice enactment. Study 3 replicated and extended these findings with a different paradigm and the addition of a moderator variable (trait perspective taking), providing a converging test of the proposed mechanism. Overall, the present research suggests that how managers think about delivering bad news—whether at higher or lower levels of construal—affects the extent to which they think from the recipient's perspective, and in turn how they communicate the news. Our research generates novel avenues for future research on justice enactment, construal level theory, and perspective taking. It may also have implications for better understanding downstream consequences of interactional justice enactment for bad news deliverers themselves.
Variations in the diversity of the soil microbial community and structure under various categories of degraded wetland in Sanjiang Plain, northeastern China
Authors: Wu Yining , Xu Nan , Wang He , Li Jinbo , Zhong Haixiu , Dong Haiyan , Zeng Zhaowen , Zong Cheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the changes in microbial community composition in wetlands affected by different types of degradation can help enrich theoretical knowledge about wetland degradation. However, studies of the relative role of microorganisms under different types of degradation of wetlands are rare in wetland ecology. Because of agricultural development, a large volume of groundwater has been extracted from the Sanjiang Plain over the last few decades, which has caused wetland degradation. To provide information for the development and protection of this wetland ecosystem, investigations into the processes of wetland degradation are important. The aim of the present work was to assess the impacts of wetland degradation on soil microbial communities under four different types of wetlands degradation in the Sanjiang Plain: swamp meadow (SW), meadow wetland (MW), paddy farmland (PF), and cropland (CL). Both 16S and ITS rRNA gene amplicon sequencing were used to evaluate the diversity and composition of bacteria and fungi. A total of 638,758 effective 16S rRNA and 916,211 valid internal transcribed spacer rRNA gene sequences were obtained, which were classified into 11 fungal and 40 bacterial phyla. The dominant fungal and bacterial phyla were Ascomycota and Proteobacteria, respectively. In addition, wetland degradation increased the relative abundances of Chloroflexi and Gemmatimonadetes, but the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia significantly decreased. The bacterial Shannon index of SW was lower than those of the other investigated sites. Fungal diversity showed no significant differences for different types of degraded wetlands. In addition to wetland degradation, different reactions of the dominant microbial phyla and their diversity were clearly coorelated with total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), available potassium (AK), and soil organic matter (SOM), which formed essential criteria that influenced the soil microbial communities. Wetland degradation resulted in the decrease of soil nutrient and the decline of the abundance of dominant phylum in soil bacterial and fungal communities. These changes can be used as an early warning signal for the degrading wetland of the Sanjiang Plain.
Particular microbial clades rather than total microbial diversity best predict the vertical profile variation in soil multifunctionality in desert ecosystems
Authors: Wang Honglei , Bu Lianyan , Tian Jing , Hu Yingwei , Song Fangqin , Chen Chun , Zhang Yinglong , Wei Gehong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn desert ecosystems, the desertification process is characterized by increasing attenuation of plant productivity and deterioration of soil habitats, leading to enhanced environmental stress gradients for soil microbiomes. Despite the significance of microbial communities for multifunctionality in terrestrial ecosystems, the feedback dynamics of microbiomes and their contributions to maintaining deep soil (20–100 cm) multifunctionality as desertification progresses have yet to be evaluated. Here, we used three sites with different desertification stages and investigated the variation trends of microbiomes in soil profiles (0–100 cm) and their contributions to regulating multifunctionality. The multifunctionality did not exhibit a significant difference between superficial (0–20 cm) and deep soils and slightly decreased as depth increased throughout the entire profile. Results from alpha‐ and beta‐diversity analysis of soil microbiomes suggested that bacterial communities received on average more positive and progressive feedback from desertification development than fungal and archaeal communities. Particular microbial clades rather than total microbial diversity best predict and explain the vertical profile variation in soil multifunctionality in desert ecosystems. Microbial clades within Acidobacteria could be targeted for future soil‐focussed, bottom‐up desertification control studies.
Molecularly imprinted materials for biomedical sensing
Authors: Batista Alex D. , Silva Weida R. , Mizaikoff Boris 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSignificant advances have been presented in the last decades in the field of biomedical analysis and sensing, especially pertaining to routine procedures based on immunologic and nucleic acids, including enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RTq‐PCR). Despite their efficiency, some limitations such as reagent stability and availability, cost and cumbersome analysis procedures still limit further advances in this area. In this context, the development of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for biomedical purposes has contributed to the improvement of consolidated applications and the development of new approaches in a wide range of application scenarios. This review discusses the contribution of MIPs for advances in biomedical sensing in the past 5 years highlighting their main synthesis strategies, and applications especially for the detection of biomarkers, viruses and bacteria. Last but not least, the utility of MIPs in diagnostic imaging is emphasized.
Effect of exercise training on functional capacity and body composition in myotonic dystrophy type 2 patients
Authors: Kontou Eleni , Papadopoulos Constantinos , Papadimas Giorgos , Toubekis Argyris , Bogdanis Gregory , Xirou Sophia , Kararizou Evangelia , Methenitis Spyridon , Terzis Gerasimos 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMyotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by myotonia and muscle weakness, with no medical treatment to prevent a decline in decline. It is unknown whether exercise training is effective in DM2. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise training on functional capacity and body composition in these patients.MethodsBody composition and functional capacity were evaluated at the beginning (T1) and end (T2) of a 12 wk control period, and again after 16 wk of exercise training (T3) in 10 patients.ResultsNo changes were recorded after the control period. Handgrip strength, 5× sit to stand, timed up and go, 6 min walk distance, lean body mass (LBM), and bone mineral density (BMD) increased while arterial pressure decreased after training.ConclusionsThese results suggest that supervised exercise training improves functional capacity, LBM, and BMD in ambulatory DM2 patients.
A new approach for the qualitative study of vector born disease using Caputo–Fabrizio derivative
Authors: Haq Fazal , Mahariq Ibrahim , Abdeljawad Thabet , Maliki Nabil 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this manuscript, we investigate the existence and the semi‐analytical solutions of the fractional‐order vector‐born disease model using the Caputo–Fabrizio fractional derivative. In this study, we have developed existence results about the solution for the problem under consideration using the results of fixed‐point theory. On the other hand, the semi‐analytical results were obtained via Laplace Adomain decomposition method. The results established using the proposed techniques are in the form of an infinite series which converges rapidly to the exact solution. Furthermore, the obtained results are compared with the result of integer‐order derivatives. The dynamics of the solution is interpreted graphically.
A new stable finite difference scheme and its error analysis for two‐dimensional singularly perturbed convection–diffusion equations
Authors: Kumar Kamalesh , Podila Pramod Chakravarthy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis work focuses on the numerical solution of two‐dimensional singularly perturbed convection–diffusion equations via a new stable finite difference (NSFD) scheme on a tensor product of two piecewise‐uniform Shishkin meshes. First, we convert the two‐dimensional equation into two one‐dimensional equations using the alternating direction implicit technique. A NSFD scheme has been developed using Taylor's series and the one‐dimensional equations. Here the truncation of Taylor's series is different from the classical finite difference scheme. The convergence analysis is also studied on a tensor product of two piecewise‐uniform Shishkin meshes. Numerical simulations confirm the theory. Moreover, from the numerical illustrations, it is also observed that the method is parameter uniform convergent.
Safety of Andrographis paniculata: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Worakunphanich Wiwan , Thavorncharoensap Montarat , Youngkong Sitaporn , Thadanipon Kunlawat , Thakkinstian Ammarin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeAndrographis paniculata is one of the commonly used herbal medicines worldwide. Nevertheless, evidences on adverse events (AEs) associated with Andrographis paniculata are very limited. This systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to estimate and to compare the AE incidence of oral monotherapy Andrographis paniculata with others among patients with upper respiratory tract infection, noninfective diarrhea, and autoimmune disease.MethodsSystematic search was performed through six databases from inception until August 2018. Randomized controlled trial (RCT), cohort, or intensive monitoring of AEs was eligible for review if AE incidence was examined. The incidence of AEs was, then, pooled across studies using meta‐analysis.ResultsTen RCTs and 3 intensive monitoring studies were included. Incidence of serious AEs was very rare with the pooled incidence (95% CI) from RCTs of 0.02 per 1000 patients (0.0–0.5). However, the incidence of nonserious AEs was considered very common with the pooled incidence (95% CI) from RCTs of 102.6 per 1000 patients (10.7–256.1), and the pooled incidence (95% CI) from intensive monitoring of 34.2 per 1000 patients (0.0–229.6). The most common nonserious AEs were related to gastrointestinal disorder, and skin and subcutaneous disorder system.ConclusionsLike other medicine, Andrographis paniculata can cause some AEs. However, it may be generally safe. Nevertheless, prospective patients who plan to use Andrographis paniculata should be thoroughly advised and closely monitored for common AEs. Due to the increasing use of Andrographis paniculata worldwide, larger studies with adequate methodological quality are warranted to monitor the safety of such product.
Structural elucidation of bisphenol E and bisphenol S photoinduced by‐products by high‐resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Coha Marco , Dal Bello Federica , Fabbri Debora , Calza Paola , Medana Claudio 
Published: December 2020

RationaleBisphenol E (BPE) and bisphenol S (BPS) have recently replaced bisphenol A as monomers for producing polycarbonates. However, BPE and BPS can pose hazards as they are known to be endocrine disruptors. Despite the huge increase in their use, there is a lack of data regarding the toxicity and effects of BPE and BPS.MethodsWe investigated the photoinduced transformation of BPE and BPS when subjected to sun‐simulated radiation and using TiO2 as a photocatalyst. Analyses of BPE, BPS and their by‐products were performed by high‐performance liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC/HRMS) using an orbitrap mass analyzer in negative electrospray ionisation (ESI) mode. The chromatographic separations were achieved by employing a C18 reversed‐phase column, and the transformation products (TPs) were elucidated structurally using HRMS and multistage MS experiments performed in collision‐induced dissociation (CID) mode.ResultsThe transformation of bisphenol S involved the formation of twelve by‐products, while ten TPs were detected following BPE degradation. For bisphenol S, the cleavage of the molecule is a very important transformation route, together with the hydroxylation of the substrate to provide mono‐ and poly‐hydroxylated TPs. For bisphenol E, the two main routes were hydroxylation and ring opening. Acute toxicity for BPS, BPE and their TPs was assessed using the Vibrio fischeri assay, highlighting that their initial transformation involved the formation of TPs that were more toxic than the parent compound.ConclusionsThe HPLC/HRMS method developed was useful for characterising and identifying newly formed TPs from bisphenol E and bisphenol S. This study aimed to examine the structure of twenty by‐products identified during TiO2‐mediated photolysis and to evaluate acute toxicity over time.
ICG‐NIR‐guided lymph node dissection during robotic subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. A single‐centre experience
Authors: Romanzi Andrea , Mancini Raffaello , Ioni Luigi , Picconi Tullio , Pernazza Graziano 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundNear‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) allows intraoperative visualisation of the lymph nodes (LNs) draining the tumour.MethodsWe included in our study 20 patients who underwent robotic subtotal gastrectomy + D2 lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer. In 10 cases, intraoperative ICG‐guided lymphography has been used (Group A). We compared the number of LNs retrieved with the use of NIR imaging and the number of LNs retrieved without the use of this technique (Group B, historical group).ResultsNo complications related to ICG injection or near‐infrared imaging were observed. The mean number of overall LNs retrieved was significantly greater in Group A than in group B (40 vs. 24). No statistically significant difference in operative time was observed.ConclusionsICG‐guided fluorescent lymphography can help in performing a more accurate locoregional lymphadenectomy during robotic subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. This technique represents a precious contribution to gastric cancer surgery.
Physicochemical Properties of Modified Starches Obtained by Anti‐Solvent Precipitation Containing Anthocyanins from Jambolan (Syzygium cumini) Fruit
Authors: dos Santos Lima Kennya Thayres , Garcez Jussara , dos Santos Alves Maria Jaízia , Monteiro Alcilene Rodrigues , Valencia Germán Ayala 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study aims to develop and characterize modified starch particles containing anthocyanins (ACNs) from jambolan (Syzygium cumini) fruit, produced by an anti‐solvent precipitation method. Trapping efficiency, particle size distribution, surface charge, crystalline structure, chemical bonds, thermal properties, moisture content, water activity, color, and desorption experiments are carried out in modified cassava starch (MCS) and modified potato starch (MPS), both containing ACNs. Physicochemical properties of MCS and MPS both containing ACN (MCS‐ACN and MPS‐ACN) are compared using native cassava and potato starches, as well as modified cassava and potato starches without ACNs. ACNs are trapped into the modified starches and the trapping efficiency value oscillates between 9.89% and 12.37%. The resulting MCS‐ACN and MPS‐ACN‐ powders display bimodal distributions with particle size lower than 900 nm and amorphous structure. Furthermore, the MCS‐ACN and MPS‐ACN powders show red color typical of ACNs and they are completely soluble in water and acidified water solutions at room temperature. This research reports for the first‐time, information regarding the stabilization of ACNs using modified starch particles.
Recent progress on carbon and metal based electrocatalysts for vanadium redox flow battery
Authors: Singh Manoj K. , Kapoor Manshu , Verma Anil 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAttractive features of vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) such as long durability, easy scalability, and low levelized cost of energy have influenced its prominence in the sectors where renewable energy is to be stored at a large scale. However, viability of VRFB to be used for a wide‐range of applications such as household electrification, electric vehicle charging infrastructure, and so on has been limited by its low power density. In principle, the power density of VRFB is dependent upon rate of electrochemical reaction on the electrode. The electrochemical properties of the electrode can be improved either by pretreatment of the electrode or by depositing electrocatalyst on the electrode. The use of electrocatalyst helps to lower overpotential losses and reduces the charge‐transfer resistance, which results the VRFB to operate at higher current densities. This review discusses the development and progress of carbon and metal‐based electrocatalyst that have been used for VRFB applications.This article is categorized under:
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Science and Materials
Energy Efficiency > Science and Materials
Energy and Development > Science and Materials
Einleitung und Ausgangslage
Authors: Reber geb. Wiesenauer Simone 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Ziel der Dissertation ist es ein Modell zur internationalen Zielmarktauswahl und zum Aufbau und der Entwicklung von Vertriebsstrukturen in ausländischen Märkten zu entwickeln und mit ersten empirischen Ergebnissen zu testen und zu belegen. Das Modell soll es möglich machen unterschiedliche Internationalisierungsmuster von Unternehmen zu beschreiben und gleichzeitig einen allgemeingültigen Internationalisierungsprozess für alle Unternehmen aufzuzeigen.
Non-supersymmetric string models from anti-D3-/D7-branes in strongly warped throats
Authors: Parameswaran Susha , Tonioni Flavio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article discusses model-building scenarios including anti-D3-/D7-branes, in which supersymmetry is broken spontaneously, despite having no scale at which sparticles appear and standard supersymmetry is restored. If the branes are placed on singularities at the tip of warped throats in Calabi-Yau orientifold flux compactifications, they may give rise to realistic particle spectra, closed- and open-string moduli stabilisation with a Minkowski/de Sitter uplift, and a geometrical origin for the scale hierarchies. The paper derives the low-energy effective field theory description for such scenarios, i.e. a non-linear supergravity theory for standard and constrained supermultiplets, including soft supersymmetry-breaking matter couplings. The effect of closed-string moduli stabilisation on the open-string matter sector is worked out, incorporating non-perturbative and perturbative effects, and the mass and coupling hierarchies are computed with a view towards phenomenology.