bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between fatigue response of preformed bend DP600 steel specimen and wheel disc
Authors: Das Bimal , Singh Akhilendra , Paul Surajit Kumar , Arora Kanwer Singh , Shome Mahadev 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present aim of this paper is to predict the cornering fatigue life of a wheel disc through a preformed bend DP600 steel specimen. To accomplish this objective, a newly designed preformed specimen with a bend radius equivalent to the weakest section of the wheel disc is fabricated by stamping operation followed by load‐controlled high‐cycle fatigue tests. Finite element (FE) simulation of stamping operation shows that an equivalent strain of 13% is induced to the bend specimen. Preformed bend specimen exhibits less fatigue resistance than the prestrained straight specimen for the same equivalent prestrain. A combined state of loading induces multiaxial stress state, giving rise to asymmetry of stresses along the thickness at the bend root of the DP600 steel specimen. Distribution of equivalent plastic strain and stress triaxiality from FE simulation indicates that fatigue crack occurs at the centre of the inner fibre of the bend root.
Evaluating the respective weights of some facial signs on perceived ages in differently aged women of five ethnic origins
Authors: Flament Frederic , Abric Aurelie , Adam Anne‐Sophie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundNew gratification assessments, after skincare routines or makeup products, could benefit from innovative methods that could predict the culturally based perceptions of age.AimsTo determine the facial signs that most influence the perception of age in women of five different ethnic ancestries, assessed by the same ethnical naïve panel.Patients/MethodsThe faces of 1351 women, differently aged (18‐80 years), from five countries (China, France, India, Japan, and South Africa) were photographed under the same standardized conditions in the five countries. Fourteen to 24 facial signs (grouped under five clusters, ie, Wrinkles/Texture, Ptosis/Sagging, Pigmentation disorders, Vascular disorders, and Cheeks skin pores) were focused, and their respective severities were graded using referential Skin Aging Atlases by the same panel of 15 experts and dermatologists. Five naïve panels, all comprising 100 local women, allowed to collect the perceived age, assessed from blind‐coded full‐face photographs.ResultsAlthough perceived ages and real ages were found highly correlated, their differences vary according to ethnicities, particularly among a large part of Indian and South African women, judged older by about 5 and 7 years, respectively. Results show that the clusters of Wrinkles/Texture and Ptosis/Sagging are predominant factors taken into account in almost all ethnicities, albeit at various extents, reaching almost 100% in French women. Pigmentation disorders appear important secondary factors in Japanese, South African, and Indian women. Vascular disorders, of a difficult grading in darker skin tones, were found of some impact in Japanese and Chinese women. Cheek skin pores were of minor or nil weight in the attribution of age, at the exception of South African women. Regarding facial areas which drive aging perception, it seems the upper‐half face has prevalence for Chinese and Japanese women whereas the lower‐half face has major importance for South African women.ConclusionFacial traits are differently perceived as signs of aging according to un‐separable ethnic ancestries and cultural factors.
Credit Rating Inflation and Firms' Investments
Authors: GOLDSTEIN ITAY , HUANG CHONG 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTWe analyze credit rating effects on firm investments in a rational bond financing game that features a feedback loop. The credit rating agency (CRA) inflates the rating, providing a biased but informative signal to creditors. Creditors' response to the rating affects the firm's investment decision and thus its credit quality, which is reflected in the rating. The CRA might reduce ex ante economic efficiency, which results solely from its strategic effect: the CRA assigns more firms high ratings and allows them to gamble for resurrection. We derive empirical predictions on the determinants of rating standards and inflation and discuss policy implications.
First genotyping of Trypanosoma cruzi from naturally infected Triatoma juazeirensis, Triatoma melanica and Triatoma sherlocki from Bahia State, Brazil
Authors: Waniek P. J. , Araújo C. A. C. , Jansen A. M. , Costa J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany previous studies have shown a great phylogenetic and biological variability of Trypanosoma cruzi using different molecular and biochemical methods. Populations of T. cruzi were initially clustered into two main lineages called TcI and TcII by the size of the mini‐exon PCR product. In the present study, 33 isolates derived from three triatomine taxa, which belong to the Triatoma brasiliensis species complex (Triatoma juazeirensis, Triatoma melanica and Triatoma sherlocki); collected in three distinct areas of Bahia state were characterized by PCR. The isolates were identified by the size of the mini‐exon gene, 18S rRNA and 24Sα rRNA amplicons. T. cruzi isolates obtained in sylvatic and intradomiciliar ecotopes, derived from T. juazeirensis and T. melanica, were identified as TcI while the parasites originated from T. sherlocki were characterized as TcI and TcII genotypes, respectively. Those species are present in sylvatic ecotopes but are able to infest intradomiciliar areas. Therefore, it would be important to maintain studies in those localities of Bahia and further investigate the possibilities of Chagas disease transmission. Human disease may occur by any T. cruzi genotype and not only by TcII as it is the case in Amazonia.
High prevalence of triazole‐resistant Aspergillus fumigatus sensu stricto in an Argentinean cohort of patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Brito Devoto Tomás , Hermida‐Alva Katherine , Posse Gladys , Finquelievich Jorge L. , García‐Effrón Guillermo , Cuestas María L. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundTriazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus sensu stricto due to mutations in the cyp51A gene has been widely reported. Data from Argentina, and particularly from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, are limited.ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence and molecular mechanisms of azole resistance in A. fumigatus sensu stricto recovered from this population.MethodsNinety‐three A. fumigatus isolates from 50 CF patients were retrospectively analysed for azole resistance using the standard microbroth dilution method according to CLSI M38‐A2 guidelines. Sequencing analysis of the cyp51A gene and its promoter region was conducted in those isolates displaying high MIC values to itraconazole, voriconazole and/or posaconazole.ResultsOverall, 14% of isolates displayed high MIC values to at least one azole. Of them, 30.7% had the mutation TR34‐L98H. No mutations in the cyp51A gene or its promoter were found in the remaining non–wild‐type strains. Therefore, other mechanisms associated with azole resistance can be highly prevalent in these isolates.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Latin America reporting azole‐resistant A. fumigatus strains recovered from respiratory secretions of CF patients. Noteworthy, the prevalence of azole resistance in A. fumigatus sensu stricto in the studied Argentinean CF population is alarmingly high.
A metabolite roadmap of the wood‐forming tissue in Populus tremula
Authors: Abreu Ilka N. , Johansson Annika I. , Sokołowska Katarzyna , Niittylä Totte , Sundberg Björn , Hvidsten Torgeir R. , Street Nathaniel R. , Moritz Thomas 
Published: July 2020

Summary

Wood, or secondary xylem, is the product of xylogenesis, a developmental process that begins with the proliferation of cambial derivatives and ends with mature xylem fibers and vessels with lignified secondary cell walls. Fully mature xylem has undergone a series of cellular processes, including cell division, cell expansion, secondary wall formation, lignification and programmed cell death. A complex network of interactions between transcriptional regulators and signal transduction pathways controls wood formation. However, the role of metabolites during this developmental process has not been comprehensively characterized.

To evaluate the role of metabolites during wood formation, we performed a high spatial resolution metabolomics study of the wood‐forming zone of Populus tremula, including laser dissected aspen ray and fiber cells.

We show that metabolites show specific patterns within the wood‐forming zone, following the differentiation process from cell division to cell death.

The data from profiled laser dissected aspen ray and fiber cells suggests that these two cell types host distinctly different metabolic processes. Furthermore, by integrating previously published transcriptomic and proteomic profiles generated from the same trees, we provide an integrative picture of molecular processes, for example, deamination of phenylalanine during lignification is of critical importance for nitrogen metabolism during wood formation.
Update on liver fluke in sheep
Authors: Williams Diana 
Published: July 2020

Background: Fasciola hepatica is a common parasite of grazing livestock, which causes considerable economic losses through high levels of morbidity, mortality and reduced productivity. Its prevalence has increased in recent years, probably due to environmental changes.Aim of the article: This article focuses on sheep, highlighting some current issues and offering new insights into how fasciolosis can be better managed in this species.
Right mandibular angle and left comminuted mandibular body fractures stabilised with a combination of an acetabular plate and secured pin intermandibular ventral epoxy resin (SPIVER) frame in a four‐month‐old puppy
Authors: di Virgilio Fabrizio , Bourbos Alexandros , Cinti Filippo , Pisani Guido 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYThis case report aimed to describe a surgical technique combining a secured pin intermandibular ventral epoxy resin (SPIVER) frame and an acetabular plate to manage a complex mandibular fracture configuration in a puppy. A four‐month‐old, entire male, German wirehaired pointer was referred for assessment of a combination of recent (three days before hospitalisation) and older traumatic (45 days before hospitalisation) facial injuries inflicted by the dam. CT revealed multiple mandibular and maxillary fractures with complex acute mandibular fractures requiring surgical stabilisation. wo techniques were combined on stabilisation of the mandible: a single acetabular plate 2.7 to repair the mandibular angle fracture and a SPIVER frame to repair the comminuted mandibular fracture. Both fractures healed uneventfully, and the dog had normal jaw function one year postoperatively. Occlusion was not modified compared with the preoperative condition, considering that the patient already had a malocclusion defect due to old lesions. The combination of two different osteosynthesis techniques had satisfactory short‐term and long‐term outcomes in this puppy.
ЯКІСТЬ ЖИТТЯ ЖІНОК З ДЕПРЕСІЄЮ РІЗНОГО ГЕНЕЗУ ТА РІЗНОЇ ВИРАЖЕНОСТІ МАКРО-, МЕЗО- І МІКРОСОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ДЕЗАДАПТАЦІЇ
Authors: Isakov R. I. 
Published: July 2020

Мета: вивчити якість життя жінок з депресією різного генезу та різної вираженості макро-, мезо- і мікросоціальної дезадаптації для визначення в подальшому таргетних мішеней персоніфікації лікувально-реабілітаційних заходів для цього контингенту пацієнтів.
Матеріали і методи. Обстежено 252 жінки з депресивними розладами: 94 особи з психогенною (пролонгована депресивна реакція, зумовлена розладом адаптації), 83 жінки з ендогенною (депресивний епізод; рекурентний депресивний розлад; біполярний афективний розлад, поточний епізод депресії) і 75 пацієнток з органічною депресією (органічні афективні розлади). 48 жінок не мали ознак психосоціальної дезадаптації, у інших 204 встановлено прояви макро-, мезо- і мікросоціальної дезадаптації різної вираженості. Дослідження проводили з використанням клініко-психопатологічного та психодіагностичного методів.
Результати. Встановлено закономірності щодо погіршення якості життя за всіма сферами при зростанні тяжкості психосоціальної дезадаптації в усіх сферах життєдіяльності. Найбільше ці закономірності проявляються при макросоціальній дезадаптації, а найменше – при мікросоціальній дезадаптації.
Висновки. Виявлено закономірності щодо погіршення якості життя за всіма сферами при зростанні тяжкості психосоціальної дезадаптації в усіх сферах життєдіяльності. Найбільше ці закономірності проявляються при макросоціальній, а найменше – при мікросоціальній дезадаптації.
Виявлені закономірності повинні враховувати при розробці лікувально-реабілітаційних заходів для хворих на депресивні розлади, що становить перспективу даної роботи.
The Role of Attention in Multisensory Integration
Authors: Mole Christopher 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Evidence concerning the relationship between attention and multisensory integration has long been thought to lead us into a paradox. The paradox has its roots in evidence that seems to show that attention exerts an influence on integration, and that integration also exerts an influence on attention. This creates an appearance of paradox only if it is understood to imply that particular instances of the integration process must occur both before and after particular instances of the attention process. But this appearance of paradox can be removed if we can find a way to resist the idea that there must be fixed temporal relations between the instances of these processes. That idea can seem hard to resist if both are understood to be processes of the sort that are brought to a halt by their own completion. Reflection on a metaphysical distinction between different sorts of process shows this understanding can be rejected. The appearance of paradox is thereby removed.
The innate immune system and neurogenesis as modulating mechanisms of electroconvulsive therapy in pre-clinical studies
Authors: Giacobbe Juliette , Pariante Carmine M , Borsini Alessandra 
Published: July 2020

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a powerful and fast-acting anti-depressant strategy, often used in treatment-resistant patients. In turn, patients with treatment-resistant depression often present an increased inflammatory response. The impact of ECT on several pathophysiological mechanisms of depression has been investigated, with a focus which has largely been on cellular and synaptic plasticity. Although changes in the immune system are known to influence neurogenesis, these processes have principally been explored independently from each other in the context of ECT. Objective: The aim of this review was to compare the time-dependent consequences of acute and chronic ECT on concomitant innate immune system and neurogenesis-related outcomes measured in the central nervous system in pre-clinical studies. Results: During the few hours following acute electroconvulsive shock (ECS), the expression of the astrocytic reactivity marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and inflammatory genes, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), were significantly increased together with the neurogenic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cell proliferation. Similarly, chronic ECS caused an initial upregulation of the same astrocytic marker, immune genes, and neurogenic factors. Interestingly, over time, inflammation appeared to be dampened, while glial activation and neurogenesis were maintained, after either acute or chronic ECS. Conclusion: Regardless of treatment duration ECS would seemingly trigger a rapid increase in inflammatory molecules, dampened over time, as well as a long-lasting activation of astrocytes and production of growth and neurotrophic factors, leading to cell proliferation. This suggests that both innate immune system response and neurogenesis might contribute to the efficacy of ECT.
Practicality Assessment of the Improved ICT-Based Dementia Care Mapping Support System
Authors: Yamamoto Hirotoshi , Yokokohji Yasuyoshi , Ishihara Tetsuro 
Published: July 2020

Objectives: Authors have developed an ICT (Information-Communication Technology)-based Dementia Care Mapping (DCM™) support system and assessed its usefulness previously using videos. The aim of this study is to evaluate practicality of the improved support system by actual mapping. Methods: We obtained highly reliable mapping data by a team of 3 mappers (M1, M2, and M3), who mapped 5 elderly people with dementia continuously over 4 hours in 2 sites. M1 mapped by conventional paper-based DCM™, while M2 and M3 mapped using the support system. Collected mapping data (n = 8, total of 232.5 hours = 2790 time frames) were compared. Results: The concordance rates between M1 and M2/M3 were over 70%; the required level for DCM™ evaluation purposes, with 1 exception. We also obtained users’ positive ratings regarding the system usability. Conclusion: Practicality of the ICT-based DCM™ support system was confirmed for evaluation purposes, demonstrating the system is ready for practical use.
Predicting Odontogenic Sinusitis in Unilateral Sinus Disease: A Prospective, Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Goyal Vinay K. , Ahmad Abid , Turfe Zaahir , Peterson Edward I. , Craig John R. 
Published: July 2020

Background Odontogenic sinusitis (ODS) is a common cause of unilateral sinus disease (USD), but can be challenging to diagnose due to nonspecific clinical presentations, potentially subtle to absent dental pathology on sinus computed tomography (CT), and underrepresentation in the sinusitis literature. Objective Identify sinonasal clinical variables predictive of ODS in patients presenting with unilateral maxillary sinus opacification on sinus CT. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted on 131 consecutive patients with USD and at least partial or complete maxillary sinus opacification on sinus CT. Patients’ demographics, sinonasal symptoms (anterior and posterior drainage, nasal obstruction, facial pressure, smell loss, and foul smell), 22-item sinonasal outcome test, nasal endoscopy findings, CT findings, and histopathology were collected. Patients’ diagnoses included ODS, chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps, and inverted papilloma. Demographic and clinical data were compared between patients with unilateral ODS and non-odontogenic disease using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Of the 131 USD patients, 65 had ODS and 66 had non-odontogenic disease. The following variables were significantly associated with unilateral ODS on multivariate analysis: middle meatal pus on endoscopy (OR= 17.67, 95% CI-5.69, 54.87; p = 0.001), foul smell (OR= 6.11, 95% CI-1.64, 22.82; p=.007), facial pressure (OR= 3.55, 95% CI-1.25, 10.12; p = 0.018), and any frontal opacification on CT (OR= 5.19, 95% CI-1.68, 16.06; p = 0.004). Any sphenoid opacification on CT was inversely related to ODS (OR = 0.14, 95% CI-0.03, 0.69; p = 0.016). The study was adequately powered. Conclusion With unilateral maxillary sinus disease, the following features were significantly associated with ODS: foul smell, ipsilateral facial pressure, middle meatal pus on endoscopy, and any frontal sinus opacification on sinus CT. Additionally, any sphenoid sinus opacification on CT was inversely related to ODS. Presence or absence of these clinical variables can be used to increase or decrease one’s suspicion of an odontogenic source of sinusitis.
A comparison of EFECE systems with tension band wiring for patella fracture fixation in cadavers
Authors: Karadeniz Emre , Keskinoz Elif Nedret 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundEFECE systems are newly defined internal fixation systems, which are suitable for patella fracture fixation. The aim of this study was to compare the fixation strength of EFECE Systems with tension band wiring for transverse patellar fracture simulation on fresh frozen cadaver models.MethodsQuadriceps tendon-patella-patellar tendon (QT-P-PT) complex was prepared from human cadavers. After simulation of a transverse patella fracture, in group 1, 5 patella were fixed with a pair of 1.2 mm EFECE wires and 4 EFECE devices. In group 2, 5 patella were fixed with a pair of 1.2 mm Kirschner wires (K-wire) and a cerclage wire according to the tension band technique.Using a testing device with custom-made jaws, increasing distraction force was applied to these QT-P-PT complexes. Extension of these complexes with the distraction forces was observed. The maximum distraction force and the elongation during maximum force were evaluated.ResultsAfter 5 experiments with the EFECE systems, there was no EFECE wire breakage or EFECE wire-EFECE device catching failure. The median maximum force was 740 N (720-810 N). During maximum distraction force the median extension was 2.5 mm (1.6-2.5 mm). After 5 experiments with the tension band technique, there was no K-wire breakage. The median maximum force was 330 N (240-510 N). During this maximum distraction force the median extension was 3.4 mm (2.2-3.8 mm).ConclusionsBased on the biomechanical advantages, patella fracture treatment with EFECE systems may constitute a reasonable alternative in the treatment of patella fractures.
Metabolite AutoPlotter - an application to process and visualise metabolite data in the web browser
Authors: Pietzke Matthias , Vazquez Alexei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundMetabolomics is gaining popularity as a standard tool for the investigation of biological systems. Yet, parsing metabolomics data in the absence of in-house computational scientists can be overwhelming and time-consuming. As a consequence of manual data processing, the results are often not analysed in full depth, so potential novel findings might get lost.MethodsTo tackle this problem, we developed Metabolite AutoPlotter, a tool to process and visualise quantified metabolite data. Other than with bulk data visualisations, such as heat maps, the aim of the tool is to generate single plots for each metabolite. For this purpose, it reads as input pre-processed metabolite-intensity tables and accepts different experimental designs, with respect to the number of metabolites, conditions and replicates. The code was written in the R-scripting language and wrapped into a shiny application that can be run online in a web browser onhttps://mpietzke.shinyapps.io/autoplotter.ResultsWe demonstrate the main features and the ease of use with two different metabolite datasets, for quantitative experiments and for stable isotope tracing experiments. We show how the plots generated by the tool can be interactively modified with respect to plot type, colours, text labels and the shown statistics. We also demonstrate the application towards13C-tracing experiments and the seamless integration of natural abundance correction, which facilitates the better interpretation of stable isotope tracing experiments. The output of the tool is a zip-file containing one single plot for each metabolite as well as restructured tables that can be used for further analysis.ConclusionWith the help of Metabolite AutoPlotter, it is now possible to simplify data processing and visualisation for a wide audience. High-quality plots from complex data can be generated in a short time by pressing a few buttons. This offers dramatic improvements over manual analysis. It is significantly faster and allows researchers to spend more time interpreting the results or to perform follow-up experiments. Further, this eliminates potential copy-and-paste errors or tedious repetitions when things need to be changed. We are sure that this tool will help to improve and speed up scientific discoveries.