bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of a standing isokinetic shoulder rotators strength test using a functional electromechanical dynamometer: effects of velocity
Authors: Martinez-Garcia Dario , Rodriguez-Perea Angela , Barboza Paola , Ulloa-Díaz David , Jerez-Mayorga Daniel , Chirosa Ignacio , Chirosa Ríos Luis Javier 
Published: October 2020

Background
The evaluation of the force in internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) of the shoulder is commonly used to diagnose possible pathologies or disorders in the glenohumeral joint and to assess patient’s status and progression over time. Currently, there is new technology of multiple joint isokinetic dynamometry that allows to evaluate the strength in the human being. The main purpose of this study was to determine the absolute and relative reliability of concentric and eccentric internal and external shoulder rotators with a functional electromechanical dynamometer (FEMD).

Methods
Thirty-two male individuals (21.46 ± 2.1 years) were examined of concentric and eccentric strength of shoulder internal and external rotation with a FEMD at velocities of 0.3 m s−1 and 0.6 m s−1. Relative reliability was determined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Absolute reliability was quantified by standard error of measurement (SEM) and coefficient of variation (CV). Systematic differences across velocities testing circumstances, were analyzed with dependent t tests or repeated-measures analysis of variance in case of 2 or more than 2 conditions, respectively.

Results
Reliability was high to excellent for IR and ER on concentric and eccentric strength measurements, regardless of velocity used (ICC: 0.81–0.98, CV: 5.12–8.27% SEM: 4.06–15.04N). Concentric outcomes were more reliable than eccentric due to the possible familiarization of the population with the different stimuli.

Conclusion
All procedures examined showed high to excellent reliability for clinical use. However, a velocity of 0.60 m s−1 should be recommended for asymptomatic male patients because it demands less time for evaluation and patients find it more comfortable.
Socio-Demographic and Nutritional Status Correlates in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Ejemot-Nwadiaro Regina I. , Nja Glory M. , Itam Edisua H. , Ezedinachi Emmanuel N. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to rank high in contributing to the global disability adjusted life years with 10 million new cases yearly worldwide. Having effective control of TB particularly in endemic communities should be predicated on understanding factors that drive its upsurge.
Objectives: This study assessed the association between socio-demographic factors and nutritional status among adults with pulmonary TB in Calabar, Nigeria.
Methods: A descriptive analysis of a randomized controlled study that enrolled 81 clinically diagnosed pulmonary TB patients that met the eligibility criteria. Data assessed were, socio-demographic, clinical, dietary, anthropometric, haematological and serum concentration of micronutrients. Results were presented in frequencies, percentages, tables and chart. Chi-square (ꭕ2) test was used to determine existence of associations between variables at 5% level, while, Pearson Correlation test was applied to determine the correlation between variables. P-value was used to determine significance of tests.
Results: Using body mass index (BMI) as a proxy of nutritional status, results indicate that 33.4% of patients were undernourished with no discernible gender differences (p=0.254). Income level classification was observed to be statistically significantly associated with undernutrition (p=0.021), with those in the low-income category most at risk. Correlation analysis of key variables indicated that low serum ascorbate, zinc and retinol were independently associated with low BMI. These associations were statistically significant (p<0.05).Singleness was identified as a risk factor for undernutrition (p=0.060). Low functional status proxied by Karnofsky score <50% tended to align more with patients in the low income level category.
Conclusion: Results consistently indicate that patients in the low income category had higher proportion of lower ranges of haemoglobin, protein parameters, serum ascorbate, zinc and retinol concentrations considered deficient. Thus, poverty alleviation strategies should be highly prioritized in TB programming for effective control.
Comparative Study of Enrollee Satisfaction with Private and Public Health Care Providers of Community Based Health Insurance Scheme in Edu LGA, Kwara State
Authors: Sheshi I. M. , Issa Y. F. , Aderibigbe S. A. , Agbana B. E. , Sanni M. D. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Many low and middle income countries keep on searching for different ways of financing their health systems. In order to ensure accessibility to quality health services by those in the rural areas, a Community Based Health Insurance Scheme was initiated which aim to integrate both human and financial resources within the rural communities to provide basic healthcare services to its resident. In recent years, level of patient satisfactions have been identified as one of the major yardsticks to measure quality of healthcare. This study was conducted to compare enrollees satisfaction of public and private providers of community based health insurance scheme in Edu Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria.
Materials and Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among eight hundred respondents that were selected using multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using a semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion. Analysis was done with EPI info software and confidence level was held at 95% and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: The satisfaction level with private facility (4.28±0.35) was higher than that with public facilities (4.12 ±0.48). The difference was significant at a p-value of <0.001. Private providers had a higher satisfaction level than the public providers in the domains of empathy, tangibles, assurance and timeliness. The difference was statistically significant as the p-value was less than 0.05. No differences in level of satisfaction in responsiveness among the respondents of both providers as the p-value was 0.295. There was an association between marital status and satisfaction in public providers while an association occur between type of marriage and satisfaction in private provider. There was an association for both providers in occupation level, level of education and length of enrolment.
Conclusion and Recommendation: There was a higher overall satisfaction among enrollees of private providers than the public providers of Community Based Health Insurance Scheme. Health care delivery by private providers is of good quality and as such private facilities should be maintained as part of the providers of Community Based Health Insurance Scheme. Government should also strengthen monitoring and supervision to ensure good quality of health care delivery to the enrollees especially in the public health facilities.
Development of Cotton Pest App for Decision Making among Cotton Farmers
Authors: Kalpana M. , Senguttuvan K. , Latha P. 
Published: October 2020

Aims: In this paper Cotton Pest App is designed to identify the leaf disease in cotton at early stage. Cotton Pest App is an innovative application that is useful for farmers.
Methodology: The farmers can capture the images in the cotton field and upload the images. Cotton API is created and placed in cloud services. Images taken from farmers field matches with Cotton API and gets the TNAU recommendation for the cotton leaf diseases.
Results: Cotton Pest App for pest management in cotton will analyze and provide an accurate recommendation to farmers about the type of pesticide for the symptoms given through the images.
Conclusion: This paper expresses the idea about the creation of Cotton Pest App, an android application that helps to make management decision for cotton leaf symptoms. The study would provide a better understanding of the management practice required for the cotton leaf disease.
Information Needs of Teachers in Second Cycle Institutions in Ghana: A Case of the Lower-Manya Krobo Municipality
Authors: Attafuah Harriet Fosua , Akussah Harry , Banji George Tesilimi 
Published: October 2020

This paper seeks to examine the information needs of teachers in second cycle institutions in the Lower Manya Krobo Municipality in Ghana. It adopted the mixed method approach with a population of three hundred and three (303). Questionnaire and interview guide were used to collect data for the study. The quantitative data was analysed using IBM SPSS Version 22.0 and the qualitative data was also analysed thematically. The study discovered that second cycle institution teachers need information for teaching, learning and for research. Also, teachers rely on information from several sources to plan their lessons, write their teaching notes and update themselves on the subject matter of what they teach. Considering the role teachers play in the lives of students and the community as a whole, they need relevant information which must be timely, accurate and reliable. Therefore, the government, Ministry of Education (MOE), Ghana Education Service (GES), Heads of second cycle schools, and all Stakeholders are to ensure that proper information as well as information sources are made available to them to make the process of imparting knowledge more efficient.
Modulating Electronic Structure of Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides by Substitutional Nb‐Doping
Authors: Tang Lei , Xu Runzhang , Tan Junyang , Luo Yuting , Zou Jingyun , Zhang Zongteng , Zhang Rongjie , Zhao Yue , Lin Junhao , Zou Xiaolong , Liu Bilu , Cheng Hui‐Ming 
Published: October 2020

AbstractModulating electronic structure of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is important for many applications, and doping is an effective way toward this goal, yet is challenging to control. Here, the in situ substitutional doping of niobium (Nb) into TMDCs with tunable concentrations during chemical vapor deposition is reported. Taking monolayer WS2 as an example, doping Nb into its lattice leads to bandgap changes in the range of 1.98–1.65 eV. Noteworthy, electrical transport measurements and density functional theory calculations show that the 4d electron orbitals of the Nb dopants contribute to the density of states of Nb‐doped WS2 around the Fermi level, resulting in an n‐ to p‐type conversion. Nb‐doping also reduces the energy barrier of hydrogen absorption in WS2, leading to an improved electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. These results highlight the effectiveness of controlled doping in modulating the electronic structure of TMDCs and their use in electronic related applications.
Electrospun Inorganic Nanofibers for Oxygen Electrocatalysis: Design, Fabrication, and Progress
Authors: Lei Yongpeng , Wang Qichen , Peng Shengjie , Ramakrishna Seeram , Zhang Dou , Zhou Kechao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractElectrospinning has received tremendous attention in terms of the design and fabrication of 1D nanofibers for oxygen electrocatalysis in fuel cells and metal‐air batteries, owing to their high surface area, short charge transport path, superior chemical stability, etc. In this review, a brief introduction is given for fuel cells, metal‐air batteries, and the operation principle of electrospinning. After that, the recent progress of the noble‐metal‐free electrocatalysts prepared through electrospinning, mainly containing heteroatoms‐doped electrospun carbon nanofibers (ECNFs), ECNFs functionalized with transition metal nanoparticles and their compounds (alloy, oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides, phosphides), and unique nanostructured transition metal‐nitrogen‐ECNFs (including single‐atom catalysts) are summarized. In this section, electrospun electrodes with self‐standing peculiarity are emphasized. Next, other kinds of electrospun nanofibers based on oxides, nitrides, and carbides as electrocatalysts or their hybrid materials are also discussed. Finally, the prospects and possible future research direction of electrospun NFs‐based oxygen electrocatalysts are also presented. This comprehensive review is anticipated to be valuable and helpful in the context of understanding the design and fabrication of advanced energy conversion and storage devices.
Local Food Supply Chain Dynamics and Resilience during COVID‐19
Authors: Thilmany Dawn , Canales Elizabeth , Low Sarah A. , Boys Kathryn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLocal and regional food systems (LRFS) innovated during COVID‐19 to respond to market demand and policy changes. Given their unique characteristics, we identify drivers that explain why local responses to COVID‐19 vary when compared with the national dialogue on food supply chain disruptions. We suggest LFRS enterprises are nimble and connected to supply chain partners, allowing them to innovate quickly with a targeted approach. Considering the shorter supply chains and smaller operations typical of LRFS, we assert the current regulatory environment's fairness and relevance may be scrutinized. In conclusion, we articulate an updated research and technical assistance agenda for LRFS.
Shear‐induced migration and axial development of particles in channel flows of non‐Brownian suspensions
Authors: Rashedi Ahmadreza , Sarabian Mohammad , Firouznia Mohammadhossein , Roberts Dallas , Ovarlez Guillaume , Hormozi Sarah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present an experimental study on the shear‐induced migration and axial development of particles in the channel flows of non‐Brownian suspensions. The suspending fluid is Newtonian. We investigate fracturing flows with a Hele‐Shaw type scaling through building a unique channel setup and an advanced optical system. The local particle concentration profiles are measured via the refractive‐index matching technique for a wide range of bulk volume fraction, that is, . Simultaneously, the particle image velocimetry is performed to determine the velocity profile of the particle phase. We compare our experimental results with the available two‐phase continuum frameworks and show discrepancies and similarities in the fully developed and axial development of the solid volume fraction profiles. We discuss directions in which the continuum frameworks require improvements.
Splenectomy before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for myelofibrosis: A French nationwide study
Authors: Bossard Jean‐Baptiste , Beuscart Jean‐Baptiste , Robin Marie , Mohty Mohamad , Barraco Fiorenza , Chevallier Patrice , Marchand Tony , Rubio Marie‐Thérèse , Charbonnier Amandine , Blaise Didier , Bay Jacques‐Olivier , Botella‐Garcia Carmen , Damaj Gandhi , Beckerich Florence , Ceballos Patrice , Cluzeau Thomas , Cornillon Jérôme , Meunier Mathieu , Orvain Corentin , Duhamel Alain , Garnier Federico , Kiladjian Jean‐Jacques , Yakoub‐Agha Ibrahim ,   Société Francophone de Greffe de Moelle et de Thérapie Cellulaire (SFGM‐TC), the France‐Intergroupe des Syndromes Myéloprolifératifs (FIM) and the Agence de la BioMédecine (ABM)
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe value of pretransplant splenectomy in patients with myelofibrosis (MF) is subject to debate, since the procedure may preclude subsequent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT). To determine the impact of pretransplant splenectomy on the incidence of allo‐HCT, we conducted a comprehensive retrospective study of all patients with MF for whom an unrelated donor search had been initiated via the French bone marrow transplantation registry (RFGM) between 1 January 2008 and 1 January 2017. Additional data were collected from the patients' medical files and a database held by the French‐Language Society for Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy (SFGM‐TC). We used a multistate model with four states (“RFGM registration”; “splenectomy”; “death before allo‐HCT”, and “allo‐HCT”) to evaluate the association between splenectomy and the incidence of allo‐HCT. The study included 530 patients from 57 centers. With a median follow‐up time of 6 years, we observed 81 splenectomies, 99 deaths before allo‐HCT (90 without splenectomy and nine after), and 333 allo‐HCTs (268 without splenectomy and 65 after). In a bivariable analysis, the hazard ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)] for the association of splenectomy with allo‐HCT was 7.2 [5.1‐10.3] in the first 4 months and 1.18 [0.69‐2.03] thereafter. The hazard ratio [95% CI] for death associated with splenectomy was 1.58 [0.79‐3.14]. These reassuring results suggest that splenectomy does not preclude allo‐HCT in patients with MF.
Increased thymus weight in sudden infant death syndrome compared to controls: The role of sub‐clinical infections
Authors: Goldwater Paul Nathan , Kelmanson Igor A. , Little Bertis B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of the present investigation is to analyze thymus, brain, heart, liver, and kidney weights in SIDS victims compared to controls.BackgroundEpidemiologic risk factors for SIDS (eg, male gender, genetic, obstetric, environmental, smoke exposure, nonbreastfeeding, etc.) are consistent with an infectious process underlying many of these deaths.MethodsData from autopsy reports on 585 SIDS victims and comparison deaths (n = 294 control, n = 291 SIDS) were analyzed. Cases were obtained from Australia (n = 184 controls, n = 98 SIDS) and Russia (n = 122 controls, n = 181 SIDS). Log10transform of thymus and other organ weights was computed because variables were skewed. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) of standardized log values were age‐adjusted by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The standardized log10thymus residual adjusted for age, brain and liver weights was computed for the final analysis.ResultsAfter controlling for age by MANCOVA, thymus, body, brain and liver weights were significantly higher among SIDS compared to non‐SIDS victims. The largest difference as between covariate‐adjusted log10non‐SIDS thymus weight differed (mean = 1.423, 95% CI: 1.393‐1.452) and log10non‐SIDS thymus weight (mean = 1.269, 95% CI: 1.243‐1.294) were significantly different (P < .0001). Heart weight was significantly lower in SIDS victims.DiscussionWhen adjusted for confounders (age, body, and organ weights), SIDS victims have a significantly heavier thymus and brain compared to non‐SIDS controls who died of trauma. This finding supports previously published studies that link infection to SIDS deaths.
Insertion of Metal‐Substituted Silylene into Naphthalene's Aromatic Ring and Subsequent Rearrangement for Silaspiro‐Benzocycloheptenyl and Cyclobutenosilaindan Derivatives
Authors: Xu Cheng , Ye Zhen , Xiang Li , Yang Shuhan , Peng Qian , Leng Xuebing , Chen Yaofeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSynthesis of silacycle compounds are of fundamental and application importance. Herein we report the first example of insertion of metal‐substituted silylene fragment into naphthalene's aromatic ring. More significantly, this insertion is followed by interesting rearrangements to yield silaspiro‐benzocycloheptenyl and cyclobutenosilaindan derivatives. The formation of cyclobutenosilaindan derivative includes the C−C bond cleavage and 4π electrocyclization steps; the formation of silaspiro‐benzocycloheptenyl derivative is more complicated, including the C−C bond cleavage, reversible 4π electrocyclization, C−H bond activation and C−Si bond cleavage. DFT investigations were carried out to shed light on the mechanistic aspects of these two rearrangements. The formed cyclobutenosilaindan potassium can readily react with PhOH, MeOTf, EtOTf, PhCH2Cl or PhCOCl at room temperature to afford the hydrogen, alkyl, benzyl or benzoyl substituted cyclobutenosilaindans in high yields.
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Alcohols by Enantioselective Silylation Enabled by Two Orthogonal Transition‐Metal Catalysts
Authors: Seliger Jan , Oestreich Martin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA nonenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution of acyclic and cyclic benzylic alcohols is reported. The approach merges rapid transition‐metal‐catalyzed alcohol racemization and enantioselective Cu‐H‐catalyzed dehydrogenative Si‐O coupling of alcohols and hydrosilanes. The catalytic processes are orthogonal, and the racemization catalyst does not promote any background reactions such as the racemization of the silyl ether and its unselective formation. Often‐used ruthenium half‐sandwich complexes are not suitable but a bifunctional ruthenium pincer complex perfectly fulfills this purpose. By this, enantioselective silylation of racemic alcohol mixtures is achieved in high yields and with good levels of enantioselection.
Discovery and Biosynthetic Investigation of a New Antibacterial Dehydrated Non‐Ribosomal Tripeptide
Authors: Wang Shan , Fang Qing , Lu Zhou , Gao Yingli , Trembleau Laurent , Ebel Rainer , Andersen Jeanette H. , Philips Carol , Law Samantha , Deng Hai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDehydroalanine (Dha) and dehydrobutyrine (Dhb) display considerable flexibility in a variety of chemical and biological reactions. Natural products containing Dha and/or Dhb residues are often found to display diverse biological activities. While the (Z) geometry is predominant in nature, only a handful of metabolites containing (E)‐Dhb have been found thus far. Here we report discovery of a new antimicrobial peptide, albopeptide, through NMR analysis and chemical synthesis, which contains two contiguous unsaturated residues, Dha‐(E)‐Dhb. It displays narrow‐spectrum activity against vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus faecium. In‐vitro biochemical assays show that albopeptide originates from a noncanonical NRPS pathway featuring dehydration processes and catalysed by unusual condensation domains. Finally, we provide evidence of the occurrence of a previously untapped group of short unsaturated peptides in the bacterial kingdom, suggesting an important biological function in bacteria.
Choosing for others increases the value of comparative utility
Authors: Lu Jingyi , Shang Xuesong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe tradeoff between absolute and comparative utilities is a central topic in research on judgment and decision making. The current research investigates the different levels of importance that individuals attach to absolute and comparative utilities when making decisions for themselves versus others. We hypothesize that people will prefer options high in comparative utility for others more than for themselves because people believe others value social comparison more than themselves. This belief stems from the low accessibility of others' behaviors with respect to not making social comparisons. Across four studies, the self–other differences were observed in hypothetical and realistic settings; the differences were caused by individuals' beliefs that they valued comparative utility less than others; when others' behaviors of not making social comparisons were made accessible, the self–other differences disappeared.