bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MiR‐122‐5p and miR‐326‐3p promote cadmium‐induced NRK‐52E cell apoptosis by downregulating PLD1
Authors: Yuan Wenya , Liang Lixia , Huang Ke , Deng Yaotang , Dong Ming , Wang Guanghai , Zou Fei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCadmium is a toxic heavy metal distributed broadly in the environment and manufactory industry. Long‐term exposure to cadmium, considered as a risk for kidney injury, leads to chronic kidney disease eventually. Phospholipase D1 (PLD1) promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis, and might be involved in cadmium‐induced kidney injury. In this study, we used miRNA microarray assays and bioinformatics analysis to identify miRNAs, which may regulate PLD1 expression and exert an impact on cadmium‐induced kidney injury. MiR‐122‐5p and miR‐326‐3p，selected as candidates, were explored for their regulatory functions in kidney injury, using NRK‐52E cells. Both of these two miRNAs exhibited higher expression in kidneys of SD rats after exposure to cadmium for 6 weeks. Cadmium treatment also increased miR‐122‐5p and miR‐326‐3p and decreased PLD1 in NRK‐52E cells. Both of miR‐122‐5p and miR‐326‐3p could downregulate PLD1 expression through targeting its 3′UTR and enhance cadmium‐induced apoptosis, while inhibiting either of these two miRNAs could reverse such effects. In conclusion, our results suggest that miR‐122‐5p and miR‐326‐3p might enhance cadmium‐induced NRK‐52E cell apoptosis through downregulating PLD1 expression.
Functions and mechanisms of RNA tailing by metazoan terminal nucleotidyltransferases
Authors: Liudkovska Vladyslava , Dziembowski Andrzej 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTermini often determine the fate of RNA molecules. In recent years, 3′ ends of almost all classes of RNA species have been shown to acquire nontemplated nucleotides that are added by terminal nucleotidyltransferases (TENTs). The best‐described role of 3′ tailing is the bulk polyadenylation of messenger RNAs in the cell nucleus that is catalyzed by canonical poly(A) polymerases (PAPs). However, many other enzymes that add adenosines, uridines, or even more complex combinations of nucleotides have recently been described. This review focuses on metazoan TENTs, which are either noncanonical PAPs or terminal uridylyltransferases with varying processivity. These enzymes regulate RNA stability and RNA functions and are crucial in early development, gamete production, and somatic tissues. TENTs regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, participate in the maturation of many transcripts, and protect cells against viral invasion and the transposition of repetitive sequences.This article is categorized under:
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Recognition
RNA Processing > 3′ End Processing
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
Analysis and simulations for a phase‐field fracture model at finite strains based on modified invariants
Authors: Thomas Marita , Bilgen Carola , Weinberg Kerstin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPhase‐field models have already been proven to predict complex fracture patterns for brittle fracture at small strains. In this paper we discuss a model for phase‐field fracture at finite deformations in more detail. Among the identification of crack location and projection of crack growth the numerical stability is one of the main challenges in solid mechanics. Here we present a phase‐field model at finite strains, which takes into account the anisotropy of damage by applying an anisotropic split of the modified invariants of the right Cauchy‐Green strain tensor. We introduce a suitable weak notion of solution that also allows for a spatial and temporal discretization of the model. In this framework we study the existence of solutions and we show that the time‐discrete solutions converge in a weak sense to a solution of the time‐continuous formulation of the model. Numerical examples in two and three space dimensions illustrate the range of validity of the analytical results.
Renormalized holographic subregion complexity under relevant perturbations
Authors: Jang Dongmin , Kim Yoonbai , Kwon O-Kab , Tolla D. D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We construct renormalized holographic entanglement entropy (HEE) and subregion complexity (HSC) in the CV conjecture for asymptotically AdS4 and AdS5 geometries under relevant perturbations. Using the holographic renormalization method developed in the gauge/gravity duality, we obtain counter terms which are invariant under coordinate choices. We explicitly define different forms of renormalized HEE and HSC, according to conformal dimensions of relevant operators in the d = 3 and d = 4 dual field theories. We use a general embedding for arbitrary entangling subregions and showed that any choice of the coordinate system gives the same form of the counter terms, since they are written in terms of curvature invariants and scalar fields on the boundaries. We show an explicit example of our general procedure. Intriguingly, we find that a divergent term of the HSC in the asymptotically AdS5 geometry under relevant perturbations with operators of conformal dimensions in the range 0 < ∆ <$$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

and $$ \frac{7}{2} $$

7
2

< ∆ < 4 cannot be cancelled out by adding any coordinate invariant counter term. This implies that the HSCs in these ranges of the conformal dimensions are not renormalizable covariantly. We also write the plot of the renormalization procedure in the case of asymptotically AdSd+1 geometries, with d > 4.
A potentially detectable gamma-ray line in the Fermi Galactic center excess — in light of one-step cascade annihilations of secluded (vector) dark matter via the Higgs portal
Authors: Yang Kwei-Chou 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We show the presence of a potentially detectable gamma-ray line in the Fermi Galactic center excess in light of the secluded (vector) dark matter (DM) model in which the hidden scalar, nearly degenerate with DM in mass, mediates the interaction of the secluded DM with the Standard Model (SM) due to its mixing with the SM Higgs. We find that the parameter region mX ∈ [60, 132] GeV can provide a good fit to the Fermi Galactic center gamma-ray excess spectrum, appearing a prominent gamma-ray line with the energy ∈ [30, 66] GeV. The best fit gives mX ≃ mS≃ 86 GeV with a p-value = 0.42, so that the resultant gamma-ray line, arising from the decay of the scalar mediator into γγ, peaks at 43 GeV. We derive constraints on the annihilation cross section from the Fermi- LAT gamma-ray line search, gamma-ray observations of the Fermi-LAT dwarf spheroidal galaxies, and Planck cosmic microwave background measurement. For the secluded vector DM model, the parameter space constrained by the current XENON1T and future LUX- ZEPLIN is shown. Finally, for the mixing angle between the Higgs sectors, we discuss its lower bound, which is required by the big bang nucleosynthesis constraint and relevant to the hidden sector decoupling temperature.
Psychological readiness is related to return to sport following hip arthroscopy and can be assessed by the Hip-Return to Sport after Injury scale (Hip-RSI)
Authors: Wörner Tobias , Thorborg Kristian , Webster Kate E. , Stålman Anders , Eek Frida 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposePsychological readiness may play an important role in the return to sport (RTS) process following hip arthroscopy (HA), but there are limited tools for the measurement of this construct. The aim of this study was to modify the Swedish version of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) scale for use in HA patients and evaluate its psychometric properties.MethodsContent validity of a modified version of the Swedish ACL-RSI (Hip-RSI) was evaluated through 127 HA patient responses and relevance ratings by an expert panel (35 patients, 9 surgeons, 11 physiotherapists). Items with low relevance were omitted. Construct validity was assessed by the association of Hip-RSI scores to hip-related sporting function (HAGOS sport) and quality of life (iHOT12). Hip-RSI scores were compared between patients who had not returned, or returned to sport participation, previous sport, and sport performance.ResultsItem reduction resulted in a 6-item Hip-RSI scale with adequate content validity for the target population. Construct validity of the full and the item-reduced scale was demonstrated by correlation to HAGOS sport and iHOT12 (r0.631–0.752). A gradient increase in Hip-RSI scores was found for patients returning to sport participation, previous sport, and sport performance.ConclusionThe short version of the Swedish Hip-RSI is a valid tool for the assessment of psychological readiness to RTS and can be recommended to be used in HA patients. Higher psychological readiness to RTS, assessed by the Hip-RSI, is found with increasing levels of return to sports following HA.Level of evidenceIII.
A conservative index heuristic for routing problems with multiple heterogeneous service facilities
Authors: Shone Rob , Knight Vincent A. , Harper Paul R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe consider a queueing system withNheterogeneous service facilities, in which admission and routing decisions are made when customers arrive and the objective is to maximize long-run average net rewards. For this type of problem, it is well-known that structural properties of optimal policies are difficult to prove in general and dynamic programming methods are computationally infeasible unlessNis small. In the absence of an optimal policy to refer to, the Whittle index heuristic (originating from the literature on multi-armed bandit problems) is one approach which might be used for decision-making. After establishing the required indexability property, we show that the Whittle heuristic possesses certain structural properties which do not extend to optimal policies, except in some special cases. We also present results from numerical experiments which demonstrate that, in addition to being consistently strong over all parameter sets, the Whittle heuristic tends to be more robust than other heuristics with respect to the number of service facilities and the amount of heterogeneity between the facilities.
Following the adverse outcome pathway from micronucleus to cancer using H2B-eGFP transgenic healthy stem cells
Authors: Hölzel Bastian Niklas , Pfannkuche Kurt , Allner Bernhard , Allner Hans Thomas , Hescheler Jürgen , Derichsweiler Daniel , Hollert Henner , Schiwy Andreas , Brendt Julia , Schaffeld Michael , Froschauer Alexander , Stahlschmidt-Allner Petra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn vitro assessment of genotoxicity as an early warning tool for carcinogenicity mainly relies on recording cytogenetic damages (micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges) in tumour-derived mammalian cell lines like V79 or CHO. The forecasting power of the corresponding standardised test is based on epidemiological evidence between micronuclei frequencies and cancer incidence. As an alternative to destructive staining of nuclear structures a fish stem cell line transgenic for a fusion protein of histone 2B (H2B) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) was established. The cells are derived from koi carp brain (KCB) and distinguish from mammalian culturable cells by non-tumour-driven self-renewal. This technology enables the analysis of genotoxic- and malign downstream effects in situ in a combined approach. In proof-of concept-experiments, we used known carcinogens (4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide, colchicine, diethylstilbestrol, ethyl methanesulfonate) and observed a significant increase in micronuclei (MNi) frequencies in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration ranges for MNi induction were comparable to human/mammalian cells (i.e. VH-16, CHL and HepG2). Cannabidiol caused the same specific cytogenetic damage pattern as observed in human cells, in particular nucleoplasmic bridges. Metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1 and cyclophosphamide could be demonstrated by pre-incubation of the test compounds using either conventional rat derived S9 mix as well as an in vitro generated biotechnological alternative product ewoS9R. The presented high throughput live H2B-eGFP imaging technology using non-transformed stem cells opens new perspectives in the field of in vitro toxicology. The technology offers experimental access to investigate the effects of carcinogens on cell cycle control, gene expression pattern and motility in the course of malign transformation. The new technology enables the definition of Adverse Outcome Pathways leading to malign cell transformation and contributes to the replacement of animal testing. Summary: Complementation of genotoxicity testing by addressing initiating events leading to malign transformation is suggested. A vertebrate cell model showing "healthy" stemness is recommended, in contrast to malign transformed cells used in toxicology/oncocology.
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) induce epigenetic alterations and promote human breast cell carcinogenesis in vitro
Authors: Pierozan Paula , Cattani Daiane , Karlsson Oskar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGene–environment interactions are involved in the development of breast cancer, the tumor type that accounts for the majority of the cancer-related deaths among women. Here, we demonstrate that exposure to PFOS (10 µM) and PFOA (100 µM)—two contaminants ubiquitously found in human blood—for 72 h induced breast epithelial cell (MCF-10A cell line) proliferation and alteration of regulatory cell-cycle proteins (cyclin D1, CDK6, p21, p53, p27, ERK 1/2 and p38) that persisted after a multitude of cell divisions. The contaminants also promoted cell migration and invasion by reducing the levels of E-cadherin, occludin and β-integrin in the unexposed daughter cells. The compounds further induced an increase in global DNA methylation and differentially altered histone modifications, epigenetic mechanisms implicated in tumorigenesis. This mechanistic evidence for PFOS- and PFOA-induced malignant transformation of human breast cells supports a role of these abundant contaminants in the development and progression of breast cancer. Increased knowledge of contaminant-induced effects and their contribution to breast tumorigenesis is important for a better understanding of gene–environment interactions in the etiology of breast cancer.
Dynamical downscaling of unforced interannual sea-level variability in the North-West European shelf seas
Authors: Tinker Jonathan , Palmer Matthew D. , Copsey Dan , Howard Tom , Lowe Jason A. , Hermans Tim H. J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVariability of Sea-Surface Height (SSH) from ocean dynamic processes is an important component of sea-level change. In this study we dynamically downscale a present-day control simulation of a climate model to replicate sea-level variability in the Northwest European shelf seas. The simulation can reproduce many characteristics of sea-level variability exhibited in tide gauge and satellite altimeter observations. We examine the roles of lateral ocean boundary conditions and surface atmospheric forcings in determining the sea-level variability in the model interior using sensitivity experiments. Variability in the oceanic boundary conditions leads to uniform sea-level variations across the shelf. Atmospheric variability leads to spatial SSH variability with a greater mean amplitude. We separate the SSH variability into a uniform loading term (change in shelf volume with no change in distribution), and a spatial redistribution term (with no volume change). The shelf loading variance accounted for 80% of the shelf mean total variance, but this drops to ~ 60% around Scotland and in the southeast North Sea. We analyse our modelled variability to provide a useful context to coastal planners and managers. Our 200-year simulation allows the distribution of the unforced trends (over 4–21 year) of sea-level changes to be quantified. We found that the 95th percentile change over a 4-year period can lead to coastal sea-level changes of ~ 58 mm, which must be considered when using smooth sea level projections. We also found that simulated coastal SSH variations have long correlation length-scales, suggesting that observations of interannual sea-level variability from tide gauges are typically representative of > 200 km of the adjacent coast. This helps guide the use of tide gauge variability estimates.
Emerging themes in idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Grech Olivia , Mollan Susan P. , Wakerley Benjamin R. , Alimajstorovic Zerin , Lavery Gareth G. , Sinclair Alexandra J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeIdiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a rare disorder characterised by raised intracranial pressure. The underlying pathophysiology is mostly unknown and effective treatment is an unmet clinical need in this disease. This review evaluates key emerging themes regarding disease characteristics, mechanisms contributing to raised intracranial pressure and advances in potential therapeutic targets.FindingsIIH is becoming more common, with the incidence rising in parallel with the global obesity epidemic. Current medical management remains centred around weight management, which is challenging. Metabolic investigations of patients have identified specific androgen profiles in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which suggest an endocrine dysfunction impacting CSF secretion in IIH. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) have been found to play a role in CSF dynamics in IIH and have formed the basis of the first clinical trials looking at new treatments.ConclusionsIdentification of novel molecular targets thought to underlie IIH pathology is now being translated to clinical trials.
Impact of haptic feedback on applied intracorporeal forces using a novel surgical robotic system—a randomized cross-over study with novices in an experimental setup
Authors: Miller Johanna , Braun Manuel , Bilz Johannes , Matich Sebastian , Neupert Carsten , Kunert Wolfgang , Kirschniak Andreas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundMost currently used surgical robots have no force feedback; the next generation displays forces visually. A novel single-port robotic surgical system called FLEXMIN has been developed. Through an outer diameter of 38 mm, two instruments are teleoperated from a surgeon’s control console including true haptic force feedback. One additional channel incorporates a telescope, another is free for special instrument functions.MethodsThis randomized cross-over study analyzed the effect of haptic feedback on the application of intracorporeal forces. In a standardized experiment setup, the subjects had to draw circles with the surgical robot as gently as possible. The applied forces, the required time spans, and predefined error rates were measured.ResultsWithout haptic feedback, the maximum forces (median/IQR) were 6.43 N/2.96 N. With haptic feedback, the maximum forces were lower (3.57 N/1.94 N,p < 0.001). Also, the arithmetic means of the force progression (p < 0.001) and their standard deviations (p < 0.001) were lower. Not significant were the shorter durations and lower error rates. No sequence effect of force or duration was detected. No characteristic learning or fatigue curve was observed.ConclusionsIn the experiment setup, the true haptic force feedback can reduce the applied intracorporeal robotic force to one-half when considering the aspects maximum, means, and standard deviation. Other test tasks are needed to validate the influence of force feedback on surgical efficiency and safety.
The independence graph of a finite group
Authors: Lucchini Andrea 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGiven a finite group G, we denote by $$\Delta (G)$$

Δ
(
G
)

the graph whose vertices are the elements G and where two vertices x and y are adjacent if there exists a minimal generating set of G containing x and y. We prove that $$\Delta (G)$$

Δ
(
G
)

is connected and classify the groups G for which $$\Delta (G)$$

Δ
(
G
)

is a planar graph.
The Riesz representation theorem and weak∗ compactness of semimartingales
Authors: Kiiski Matti 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe show that the sequential closure of a family of probability measures on the canonical space of càdlàg paths satisfying Stricker’s uniform tightness condition is a weak∗ compact set of semimartingale measures in the dual pairing of bounded continuous functions and Radon measures, that is, the dual pairing from the Riesz representation theorem under topological assumptions on the path space. Similar results are obtained for quasi- and supermartingales under analogous conditions. In particular, we give a full characterisation of the strongest topology on the Skorokhod space for which these results are true.
The importance of parental knowledge in the association between ADHD symptomatology and related domains of impairment
Authors: Dekkers Tycho J. , Huizenga Hilde M. , Bult Jente , Popma Arne , Boyer Bianca E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractParents of children with ADHD experience several difficulties while raising their children and report lower levels of knowledge about their children’s life and behaviors. A recent study found that low levels of parental knowledge mediated the association between ADHD symptoms and risk-taking behavior (RTB) in adolescents. The current study aimed to investigate this previous finding further by replicating it, by taking peer influence into account as additional social factor of importance and by extending it and also investigate the role of parental knowledge in the association between ADHD symptoms and homework problems. Three studies were performed: study 1 (N=234) replicated previous work on parental knowledge mediating the association between ADHD symptoms and RTB, study 2 (pre-registered,N=313) added peer influence, and study 3 (pre-registered,N=315) assessed whether parental knowledge mediated the association between ADHD symptoms and homework behavior. Parental knowledge consistently mediated the association between ADHD symptoms on one hand and RTB and homework problems on the other, and also predicted stronger resistance to peer influence. Because parental knowledge was repeatedly linked to ADHD-related problems, it seems promising to include parental knowledge in treatment of ADHD-related problems in adolescents, by improving the parent-child relationship. Future studies should test more directly how improvement of the parent-child relationship can be used to optimize parental knowledge, which in its turn reduces ADHD-related problems.
Bellwether sites for evaluating changes in landslide frequency and magnitude in cryospheric mountainous terrain: a call for systematic, long-term observations to decipher the impact of climate change
Authors: Coe Jeffrey A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPermafrost and glaciers are being degraded by the warming effects of climate change. The impact that this degradation has on slope stability in mountainous terrain is the subject of ongoing research efforts. The relatively new availability of high-resolution (≤ 10 m) imagery with worldwide coverage and short (≤ 30 days) repeat acquisition times, as well as the emerging field of environmental seismology, presents opportunities for making remote, systematic observations of landslides in cryospheric mountainous terrain. I reviewed the literature and evaluated landslide activity in existing imagery to select five ~ 5000-km2sites where long-term, systematic observations could take place. The five proposed sites are the northern and eastern flanks of the Northern Patagonia Ice Field, the Western European Alps, the eastern Karakoram Range in the Himalayan Mountains, the Southern Alps of New Zealand, and the Fairweather Range in Southeast Alaska. Systematic observations of landslide occurrence, triggers, size, and travel distance at these sites, especially if coupled with observations from in situ instrumental monitoring, could lead to a better understanding of changes in slope stability induced by climate change. The suggested sites are not meant to be absolute and unalterable. Rather, they are intended as a starting point and discussion starter for new work in this expanding landslide research frontier.