bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
exCTF simulator: Simulation tool for phase contrast transfer function for aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Lee Sang-Chul , Jeung Jong-Man , Lee Sang-Gil , Kim Jin-Gyu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The contrast transfer function (CTF) is an important principle in the field of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. It provides information on how the electron wave that interacted with a sample (in frequency domain) in an objective lens is transferred to the imaging system (in real space domain) depending on the effects of lens aberrations. Based on the CTF calculation, various useful results, such as the TEM instrumental information limit and optimal imaging condition, can be estimated. Recently, aberration-corrected TEM (AC-TEM) has been widely applied in various research fields for imaging at the nanoscale or atomic scale. To use AC-TEM effectively, a deep understanding of the complicated CTF with an electron wave controlled via an aberration corrector is required. Unfortunately, this complicated CTF is difficult to understand for most microscopists without the use of computational tools. In this study, we develop the extended CTF (exCTF) simulator to perform the full as well as simple CTF calculation.

Findings
We successfully developed the exCTF simulator, which can obtain more information than previously reported software. The exCTF simulator not only calculates the CTF for basic optical information that can be obtained in conventional TEM, but also can calculate the extended CTF with various aberrations (up to fifth order) for more detailed information obtained in advanced high-performance AC-TEM in one-dimensional and two-dimensional formats. The user interface of the simulator includes CTF calculation, saving, and edit functions for five graphs for different conditions, allowing for detailed comparative analysis.

Conclusion
We confirmed that the exCTF simulator produced reliable calculation data for various applications. The exCTF simulator made it easy to obtain instrumental performance information and demonstrated the influence of optical aberrations on the actual resolution of AC-TEM. Consequently, the proposed exCTF simulator is expected to be useful to microscopists as a simulation tool for electron microscopy and as a training tool for electron optics.
Dosimetric impact of variable bladder filling on IMRT planning for locally advanced carcinoma cervix
Authors: Dutta Soumya , Dewan Abhinav , Mitra Swarupa , Sharma Manoj Kumar , Aggarwal Sumeet , Barik Soumitra , Mahammood Suhail M. , Bhushan Maninder , Sharma Anurag , Wahi Inderjeet Kaur , Dobriyal Kiran , Mukhee Jwala 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the dosimetric impact of variable bladder filling on target and organ at risk (OARs) in cervical cancer patients undergoing chemoradiation. Forty consecutive patients with cervical cancer underwent radiotherapy planning as per the departmental protocol. All patients were asked to empty their bowel and bladder before simulation and catheterization was done. Normal saline was instilled into the bladder through Foleys till the patient had a maximal urge to urinate. Pelvic cast fabrication and CT simulation was done.
Then, 30%, 50%, and 100% of the instilled saline was removed and rescans taken. Planning was done on full bladder (X) and the same plan applied to the contours with bladder volumes 0.7X (PLAN70), 0.5X (PLAN50), and empty (PLAN0). A dose of 50 Gy/25# was prescribed to the PTV and plans evaluated. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy plans with full bladder were implemented for each patient. Shifts in the center of mass (COM) of the cervix/uterus with variable bladder filling identified were noted. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results
Bladder volume in 70%, 50%, and empty bladder planning was 78.34% (388.35 + 117.44 ml), 64.44% (320.60 + 106.20 ml), and 13.63% (62.60 + 23.12 ml), respectively. The mean dose received by 95% PTV was 49.76 Gy + 1.30 Gy. Though the difference in target coverage was significant between PLAN100 and other plans, the mean difference was minimal. A decrease in bladder filling resulted in an increase in OAR dose. Variation in the increase in dose to OARs was not significant if bladder filling was > 78.34% and > 64.44% of a full bladder with respect to the bowel and rectal/bladder doses, respectively. Inconsistent bladder filling led to a maximal shift in COM (uterus/cervix) in the Y- and Z-axis.

Conclusion
Bladder filling variations have an impact on cervico-uterine motion/shape, thereby impacting the dose to the target and OARs. It is recommended to have a threshold bladder volume of at least 70–75% of optimally filled bladder during daily treatment.

Trial registration
Institutional review board (IRB) registered by Drug Controller General (India) with registration number ECR/10/Ins/DC/2013. Trial Registration number - RGCIRC/IRB/44/2016, registered and approved on the 14th of May 2016.
The path from schizotypy to depression and aggression and the role of family stress
Authors: Premkumar Preethi , Kuipers Elizabeth , Kumari Veena 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground.Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct that is linked to the vulnerability for psychosis. Positive schizotypy includes having paranormal beliefs. Negative schizotypy includes social anhedonia. Disorganized schizotypy includes social anxiety and communication disorder. Schizotypy relates to depression and aggression. Family stress from high expressed emotion (EE; a rating of criticism, hostility, and emotional overinvolvement in a close relative toward a person showing signs of mental disorder) may mediate the link between schizotypy, depression and aggression. This study tested, using path analyses, the hypotheses that schizotypy predicts depression and aggression through high perceived EE as criticism and irritability (hypothesis 1) and praise and intrusiveness in a close relative (hypothesis 2).Methods.One hundred and four healthy participants listened to and rated the self-relevance of standard criticism and standard praise that denote EE. Participants rated their level of schizotypy, depression, aggression, and perceived EE in self-report questionnaires. Two path models tested the hypotheses.Results.Disorganized schizotypy, more than positive schizotypy, predicted the path to depression and aggression when perceived criticism and perceived EE-irritability were mediators. Disorganised schizotypy, more than negative schizotypy, predicted the path to depression and aggression when perceived praise and perceived EE-intrusiveness were mediators.Conclusions.Greater perceived criticism and less perceived praise in family communication explain the path from disorganized schizotypy (more so than positive or negative schizotypy) to depression and aggression. These findings indicate a need to consider the thought disorder-EE link as a potential contributor to depression and aggression in people with schizophrenia.
Phase II Study of Pembrolizumab As First-Line, Single-Drug Therapy for Patients With Unresectable Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Maubec Eve , Boubaya Marouane , Petrow Peter , Beylot-Barry Marie , Basset-Seguin Nicole , Deschamps Lydia , Grob Jean-Jacques , Dréno Brigitte , Scheer-Senyarich Isabelle , Bloch-Queyrat Coralie , Leccia Marie-Thérèse , Stefan Andreea , Saiag Philippe , Grange Florent , Meyer Nicolas , de Quatrebarbes Julie , Dinulescu Monica , Legoupil Delphine , Machet Laurent , Dereure Olivier , Zehou Ouidad , Montaudié Henri , Wierzbicka-Hainaut Ewa , Le Corre Yannick , Mansard Sandrine , Guégan Sarah , Arnault Jean-Philippe , Dalac Sophie , Aubin François , Alloux Céline , Lopez Isabelle , Cherbal Soufian , Tibi Annick , Lévy Vincent ,   on behalf of Groupe de Cancérologie Cutanée
Published: July 2020

PURPOSETo evaluate first-line pembrolizumab monotherapy efficacy and safety in patients with unresectable cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (CSCCs).PATIENTS AND METHODSPatients, predominantly men, with their CSSCs’ immunohistochemically determined programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) status determined (tumor proportion score threshold, 1%), received pembrolizumab (200 mg every 3 weeks). The primary endpoint was the 39-patient primary cohort’s objective response rate at week 15 (ORRW15). Secondary objectives were best ORR, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response (DOR), safety, ORR according to PD-L1 status and health-related quality of life using Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General (FACT-G) score. An 18-patient expansion cohort, recruited to power the study to evaluate the ORRW15difference between PD-L1+ and PD-L1– patients, was assessed for ORR, disease control rate, and safety, but not survival.RESULTSMedian age of all patients was 79 years. The primary cohort’s ORRW15was 41% (95% CI, 26% to 58%), including 13 partial and 3 complete responses. Best responses were 8 partial and 8 complete responses. At a median follow-up of 22.4 months, respective median PFS, DOR, and OS were 6.7 months, not reached, and 25.3 months, respectively. Pembrolizumab-related adverse events affected 71% of the patients, and 4 (7%) were grade ≥ 3. One death was related to rapid CSCC progression; another resulted from a fatal second aggressive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed 15 weeks postinclusion. ORRW15for the entire population was 42%; it was significantly higher for PD-L1+ patients (55%) versus PD-L1– patients (17%; P = .02). Responders’ W15 total FACT-G score had improved ( P = .025) compared with nonresponders.CONCLUSIONFirst-line pembrolizumab monotherapy exhibited promising anti-CSCC activity, with durable responses and manageable safety. PD-L1 positivity appears to be predictive of pembrolizumab efficacy.
Sleep in Patients With Neurologic Disease
Authors: Benjamin Sara E. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTPURPOSE OF REVIEWThis article provides a discussion of the current evidence and contemporary views on the relationship between sleep disorders and neurologic disease.RECENT FINDINGSDisrupted or disordered sleep can be associated with increased morbidity and mortality, the risk of cardiovascular events, increased seizure frequency, and altered immune responses. Studies have implicated disrupted sleep and circadian rhythm dysfunction with both amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and tau deposition. A bidirectional relationship exists between disrupted sleep and the progression of Alzheimer disease pathology. Insomnia has been reported as a prodromal symptom in autoimmune encephalitis. Primary sleep disorders have now been increasingly recognized as a common comorbid condition in multiple sclerosis, making it imperative that neurologists feel comfortable differentiating multiple sclerosis fatigue from excessive daytime sleepiness caused by primary sleep disorders to optimally treat their patients.SUMMARYSleep disorders are common across the population. By recognizing sleep disorders in patients with neurologic conditions, neurologists can provide comprehensive care and, in some cases, reduce neurologic disease burden.
The Landmark Series: Systemic Therapy for Resectable Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Keung Emily Z. , Raut Chandrajit P. , Rutkowski Piotr 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. Complete resection is the only potentially curative treatment, although recurrence is common, occurring in approximately 40–50% of patients. The introduction of effective molecularly targeted therapies for GISTs has dramatically changed the clinical management paradigms for, and prognosis of, patients with intermediate- and high-risk GISTs, as well as those with locally advanced and metastatic disease. In this article, we review landmark studies that evaluated the use and efficacy of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib and sunitinib in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings for resectable primary and limited resectable metastatic GISTs.
Who is making clinical trials for treatment or prevention of COVID-19? A review of Clinicaltrials.gov, May 2020
Authors: Fors Martha , González Paloma 
Published: July 2020

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly progressed into the worst pandemic in recent years. There are currently no approved therapies to treat the disease. Several clinical trials are being conducted to evaluate therapeutic approaches. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study to examine the main characteristics of COVID-19-related clinical interventional trials registered with ClinicalTrials.gov until May 15th, 2020. Results: We included 519 trials, most of which were phase II or III, open-label and randomized trials. Disease treatment was evaluated in 75.5% of trials, while prevention was evaluated in 12.1%. A total of 243 trials were listed as recruiting, and 42.4% were not yet recruiting. Approximately 20% of the analyzed trials are investigating antimalarial agents, while 10.2% are studying the use of convalescent plasma to treat the disease. Antiretrovirals, monoclonal antibodies, the use of stem cells, nitric oxide gases and vaccines are the most commonly evaluated therapies. As of the publication of this review, none of the clinical trials had uploaded results. Conclusions: ClinicalTrials.gov is an important database that contains ongoing research trials on COVID-19, a disease that is of vital importance. This study quantifies the outcomes of COVID-19-related clinical trials. The safety and effectiveness of many therapeutic approaches are investigated to fight this disease.
Social Learning in Information Technology Investment: The Role of Board Interlocks
Authors: Cheng Zhuo (June) , Rai Arun , Tian Feng , Xu Sean Xin 
Published: July 2020

We use a social learning perspective to extend our understanding of information technology (IT) investment and return. Specifically, we investigate social learning in the context of interlocks between corporate boards, which allow firms to share knowledge and experiences with respect to their IT investments. Using a large data set of firm-years from 2001–2008, we find (a) a positive relationship exists between a focal firm’s IT investment and that of its interlocked firms; (b) this positive relationship is amplified by the interlocked firms’ IT capability but only if the focal firm has an active board, which devotes time to allow sufficient communication among directors; and (c) the component of the focal firm’s IT investment that is attributable to board interlock influence is positively related to the firm’s performance but only if the firm has an active board. Collectively, these findings support our central thesis: social learning through board interlocks can play a significant role in influencing a firm’s IT investments and enhancing their payoff. That said, attaining such benefits requires boards to incorporate those firms with high IT management capability and to strengthen board activity so interlocked members can substantively share their knowledge and experiences with IT investments. This paper was accepted by Anandhi Bharadwaj, information systems.
Cracked Tooth Syndrome Management Part 2: Integrating the Old with the New
Authors: Bailey Oliver 
Published: July 2020

This article follows on from Part 1 which looked at the pathogenesis and diagnosis of cracked tooth syndrome (CTS). It combines a review of the available evidence with a discussion of established and more modern concepts of management, aiming to provide a clear, rational approach to the predictable management of CTS with the aid of case studies and a decision-tree. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Allows the clinician to manage CTS predictably.
The Maxillary Sinus: What the General Dental Team Need to Know Part 4: Dental Implant Treatment and the Effect on Maxillary Sinus Function
Authors: Campbell Colin , Bell Garmon W , MacLeod Iain , Darcey James C 
Published: July 2020

This paper, the last of a 4-part series, will discuss the impact of dental implant treatment on the health of the maxillary sinus. The need for assessment of maxillary sinus health and function, both clinically and radiographically, will be discussed. Strategies for implant planning that can reduce and mitigate complications will also be discussed, along with common surgical/post-surgery complications and the impact of these on patients. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The Dental Team should be aware of the factors taken into consideration when implants involving the atrophic maxillary alveolus are planned, or provided, in relation to normal function of the maxillary sinus.
Pulse duration and environmental effects on the surface nanostructuring and mechanical properties of zinc during femtosecond laser irradiation
Authors: Bashir Shazia , Rafique Muhammad Shahid , Nathala Chandra Sekher , Ajami Ali Asghar , Husinsky Wolfgang , Whitmore K. 
Published: July 2020

This paper reports on the effect of both the pulse duration and environments on the surface morphology, ablated area, ablation rate, and mechanical properties of a femtosecond laser irradiated zinc (Zn) in air and ethanol. The targets were exposed to 1000 succeeding pulses of Ti:sapphire laser (800 nm) at a fluence of

2.5

J

c
m

−
2

with various pulse durations ranging from 30 to 550 fs. The surface structures have been characterized by a field emission scanning electron microscope, whereas the ablation rate has been measured using confocal and optical microscopy. The mechanical behavior of irradiated targets has been explored by using a microhardness tester. It is observed that in the case of Zn ablation in air, a crater with nonuniform surface morphology along with formation of both micro- and nanoscale droplets rims, organized laser-induced periodic surfaces are observed, whereas in the case of ablation in ethanol, nano- and microscale scale droplets, pores, cones, agglomerates, and channels are formed. The growth and the shape of these structures are strongly dependent on the pulse durations and environments. The hardness of laser-treated samples is found to be higher as compared to untreated ones and is also found higher for liquid-assisted ablated Zn as compared to air-assisted ablated targets due to an increased chemical reactivity in an ethanol-confined environment. The decreasing trend of hardness with increasing pulse duration for both environments is observed, which is attributed to decreasing trend in both shock pressure and ablation pressure with increasing pulse duration.
Two-dimensional silicon nanoring array enabled polarization-independent narrow spectral linewidth optical filter
Authors: Chen Cheng , Wu Yu , He Rong , Zhang Rongjun , Chen Liangyao , Guo Junpeng 
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we investigate a new, to the best of our knowledge, type of guided-mode resonance optical filter with polarization-independence at normal incidence and relatively narrow spectral linewidth in the near-infrared regime. The new optical spectral filter consists of a 2D array of silicon nanorings on silicon film on silica substrate. Using finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations, it is found that the spectral linewidth of the optical filter is primarily controlled by nanoring width and is tolerant to the variations of the size and height of silicon nanorings. FDTD simulations also reveal that the excited guided mode is more tightly confined in the nanoring structures with smaller ring widths. It is explained that the narrow spectral linewidth of the nanoring structure filter is due to the smaller scattering cross-section of the silicon nanorings and tighter confinement of the guided mode. Our optimally designed optical reflection filter exhibits a 2.4 nm spectral linewidth with nearly 100% peak reflectance at the resonance wavelength.
All-optical fiber filter based on an FBG inscribed in a silica/silicone composite fiber
Authors: Zeng Yilong , Serandi Gunawardena Dinusha , Zhou Bin , Liu Zhengyong , Tam Hwa-Yaw 
Published: July 2020

An all-optical tunable filter based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) inscribed in a self-heated silica/silicone composite fiber is demonstrated. A thin silicone film is coated inside the suspended core fiber), which acts as the silicone cladding. A periodic refractive index modulation is inscribed in the silicone cladding by UV irradiation. Silicone is an organic material whose optical properties are different than silica, which leads to interesting applications. The high thermo-optic properties are studied and applied here. A 1550 nm pump laser is utilized to heat the silicone grating where a wavelength shift is observed for the gratings when subjected to different pump powers. Experimental results indicate a wavelength tuning coefficient of

−

0.128

n
m

/

m
W

with a response time of 0.5 s to obtain a wavelength shift of 1 nm under periodic pump light. The new design of this miniature all-optical filter is cost-effective and can potentially be adhered in optical fiber sensing and communication systems.
A new model for state-of-the-art leadership education with performance as a driving factor for future viability
Authors: Faix Werner G. , Windisch Liane , Kisgen Stefanie , Paradowski Laurentia , Unger Felix , Bergmann Wilfried , Tippelt Rudolf 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe challenges of today’s rapidly changing environment are tremendous. Almost every organization has new tasks; some must even completely modify their objectives, strategy, business focus, or business model. In addition to the necessity of managing processes as effectively and efficiently as possible, the topic of leadership has gained increasing importance. Thus, training and development programs aimed at preparing future generations of leaders have long been well frequented. However, current leadership education fails to meet the demands of either the present or the future, as our analysis shows. For this article, we have thoroughly researched current leadership education programs and comprehensively studied the pertinent literature. Based on this, we recommend goals, content, and methods for a state-of-the-art leadership education program. Our main findings demonstrate that leadership education should focus on (1) the development of competencies and their demonstrated performance, (2) personal development, and (3) the implementation of real-world projects as a form of inquiry-based learning. Furthermore, we precisely describe an evidence-based approach for an innovative study program: the newly developed ‘Diploma of Performance and Leadership’ (DPL). We end by giving an outlook on the program’s implementation, which will be accompanied by empirical evaluation.
O tempo confinado: A partir da exposição "Time Machine : Cinematic Temporalities"
Authors: Yung Mariano Raphaël 
Published: July 2020

Trata-se de uma análise da exposição Time Machine : Cinematic Temporalities no contexto do confinamento. Esta situação singular oferece uma outra relação com o espaço e o tempo. A partir da exposição, o texto é uma reflexão pessoal sobre o tempo.
Chloride-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking Tester for Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Jeong Jae-Yoon , Lee Myeong-Woo , Kim Yun-Jae , Lam Poh-Sang , Duncan Andrew J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a new experimental tester was designed to improve the stability in load measurement and imposed environment for chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) testing of austenitic stainless steels that are used to construct spent nuclear fuel dry storage canisters. By fabricating compact tension specimens using the UNS S30400 stainless steel, the test is conducted by immersing the specimen in 5 % salinity artificial seawater at 50°C. From the measured load, the stress intensity factor is calculated and the crack length is measured by an optical microscope. The present experimental data confirm the existing findings that the CISCC growth rate is insensitive to the stress intensity factor but is dominantly affected by the specimen surface temperature. The crack growth rate also confirms the existing model.