bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring development assistance for health systems strengthening and health security: an analysis using the Creditor Reporting System database
Authors: Kraus Jessica , Yamey Gavin , Schäferhoff Marco , Petitjean Hugo , Hale Jessica , Karakulah Kenan , Kardish Chris , Pineda Estuardo , Sanders Francesca , Beyeler Naomi , Fewer Sara , Nugent Rachel , Jamison Dean T. , Oppenheim Ben , Gill Indermit 
Published: June 2020

Background: Health systems strengthening (HSS) and health security are two pillars of universal health coverage (UHC). Investments in these areas are essential for meeting the Sustainable Development Goals and are of heightened relevance given the emergence of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study aims to generate information on development assistance for health (DAH) for these areas, including how to track it and how funding levels align with country needs. Methods: We developed a framework to analyze the amount of DAH disbursed in 2015 for the six building blocks of the health system (‘system-wide HSS’) plus health security (emergency preparedness, risk management, and response) at both the global (transnational) and country level. We reviewed 2,427 of 32,801 DAH activities in the Creditor Reporting System (CRS) database (80% of the total value of disbursements in 2015) and additional public information sources. Additional aid activities were identified through a keyword search. Results: In 2015, we estimated that US$3.1 billion (13.4%) of the US$22.9 billion of DAH captured in the CRS database was for system-wide HSS and health security: US$2.5 billion (10.9%) for system-wide HSS, mostly for infrastructure, and US$0.6 billion (2.5%) for system-wide health security. US$567.1 million (2.4%) was invested in supporting these activities at the global level. If responses to individual health emergencies are included, 7.5% of total DAH (US$1.7B) was for health security. We found a correlation between DAH for HSS and maternal mortality rates, and we interpret this as evidence that HSS aid generally flowed to countries with greater need. Conclusions: Achieving UHC by 2030 will require greater investments in system-wide HSS and proactive health emergency preparedness. It may be appropriate for donors to more prominently consider country needs and global functions when investing in health security and HSS.
Tail Risk and Robust Portfolio Decisions
Authors: Jin Xing , Luo Dan , Zeng Xudong 
Published: June 2020

This paper formulates a portfolio choice problem in a multiasset incomplete market characterized by ambiguous jumps and arbitrary tail assumptions. We derive the optimal portfolio in closed form through a decomposition approach. We show that, due to fear of tail incidents, an investor diminishes portfolio diversification, and even more so under heavy-tailed jumps that intensify misspecification concerns. We then implement our model in international equity markets to quantify the impact of tail risk on portfolio selection, through comparisons between a normal and a slowly decaying jump size distribution. We find that, without jump ambiguity, constant relative risk aversion (CRRA) investors increase their jump exposures merely slightly and suffer negligible wealth losses from underestimating tail risk, given that the first two moments of the jump size distributions are preserved regardless of the tail properties. In stark contrast, sizable portfolio rebalancing and subsequent wealth losses are encountered in the presence of jump ambiguity. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance.
Using patient and public involvement to identify priorities for research in long-term conditions management
Authors: Brand Sarah , Bramley Louise , Dring Eleanore , Musgrove Alison 
Published: June 2020

Background: Patient and public involvement (PPI) is increasingly important in healthcare research. Although this is accepted at the level of individual research studies, it has been less well used in scoping fundamental research priorities. It has been suggested that patients with long-term conditions (LTCs) are well placed to influence research priorities in this area due to their accumulated experience of illness over time. Aims: To obtain PPI in research-priority setting for a group with a special interest in LTC research. Discussion: PPI representatives provided views on issues they thought required further research. The facilitators were able to move from the specifics of these ideas to identify cross-cutting research priorities. Conclusion: It was possible to determine broad research themes despite PPI representatives initially articulating identified issues in very specific terms. Facilitating a better understanding of the research process for PPI representatives would allow their contribution to be more effective. Implications for practice PPI should be considered at the beginning of the process when broad research priorities are considered and before the study design. This is particularly so for broad, non-specialty-focused research themes such as LTCs. More work is required to ensure the views of harder-to-reach groups are included in this type of PPI.
Platelet counts in epileptic children receiving valproic acid
Authors: Indrayati Lilik , Nur Fadhilah Tia , Soebagyo Bambang 
Published: June 2020

Background Epileptic seizures are a transient occurrence resulting from abnormal, excessive, or synchronous neural activity in the brain. Epilepsy requires long-term treatment, increasingly larger doses, and combination therapy. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), especially valproic acid (VPA), are the main treatment of choice. Thrombocytopenia is the most common adverse event from AEDs.
Objective To evaluate platelet counts in epileptic children receiving valproic acid monotherapy vs. polytherapy.
Methods This analytic, observational, retrospective cohort study was conducted in children with epilepsy below 18 years of age and treated in Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java. Subjects had received VPA treatment for at least 6 months, either as monotherapy or polytherapy. There were 40 subjects in each group (VPA monotherapy vs. VPA polytherapy). The exclusion criteria were patients who had thrombocytopenia and did not take valproic acid regularly. The data was taken from laboratory and the outcome assessed was decreasing of platelet count.
Results Administration of VPA as monotherapy vs. polytherapy was not significantly associated with incidence of thrombocytopenia. However, duration of VPA use > 2 years was associated with significantly greater proportion of thrombocytopenia, with OR 33.0 (95%CI 4.157 to 261.962; P=0.001) compared to VPA use < 2 years. Similarly, VPA dose of >30 mg/kg/day was significantly associated with greater proportion of thrombocytopenia, with OR 4.081 (95%CI 1.337 to 12.458; P=0.013) compared to <30 mg/kg/day dosage.
Conclusion Incidence of thrombocytopenia is not significantly different between VPA as a monotherapy and polytherapy. However, higher VPA dose and longer VPA duration are associated with higher proportion of thrombocytopenia.
Electrocardiogram abnormalities in obese adolescents
Authors: Salim Elizabeth Joan , Gunawijaya Eka , Yantie Ni Putu Veny Kartika 
Published: June 2020

Background Obesity in adolescents is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease mortality and sudden cardiac death. Obesity is associated with a wide variety of electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities.
Objective To assess prevalence and describe the ECG abnormalities in obese adolescents.
Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at Children’s Cardiology Clinic – Integrated Heart Center of Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, by recording ECGs of obese adolescents aged 11-15 years from several junior high schools from December 2016 to April 2017. The inclusion criteria were obese adolescents aged 11 to 15 years, who were willing to participate in the study and provided informed consent.
Results A total of 78 ECGs of obese adolescents (60% male) were selected. Subjects’ mean weight and age were 82.6 (SD 15.2) kg and 13.2 (SD 1) years, respectively. Pre-hypertension was found in 25 (32%) subjects, while hypertension was found in 18 (23%) subjects. There were 29 (37%) subjects with abnormal ECGs. Sinus tachycardia was present in 13 (17%) subjects, and sinus arrhythmia was identified in 11 (14%) subjects. Eight (10%) patients experienced prolongation of QTc interval and 5 (6%) patients presented with prolongation of PR interval. There were no shifts of the P wave, QRS wave and T wave axes, changes of P wave morphology, low QRS voltage, T wave flattening, ventricular enlargement, or ST segment changes found in this study.
Conclusion The prevalence of cardiac abnormalities based on ECG examination in obese adolescents is 37%, consisting of heart rhythm abnormalities, prolonged PR interval, and prolonged QTc interval.
Detecting neurodevelopmental problems in children aged 1-5 years using the simple parent-reported screening tool in combination with primitive reflex assessment
Authors: Calvin Nicholas , Ramli Yetty 
Published: June 2020

Background The Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan/DPsQ (Developmental Pre-screening Questionnaire/DPsQ) is a series of questions and instructions used as a developmental screening tool for children aged 3 months to 6 years. However, the DPsQ cannot fully detect the soft signs of future neurological disorders. However, the retained primitive reflex assessment as an adjunct to the DPsQ may be useful for such detection.
Objective To determine whether assessing for retained primitive reflexes can add to the usefulness of DPsQ as a neurodevelopmental screen in children aged 1 to 5 years.
Methods This cross-sectional study included children aged 1-5 years. Developmental screening was done using the DPsQ and retained primitive reflex assessment was performed using the Institute for Neuro-Physiological Psychology (INPP) screening and scoring guideline.
Results Of 46 subjects, 56.8% of children with normal DPsQ scores had not retained primitive reflexes, while 88.9% of children with suspect DPsQ score had retained primitive reflexes. Hence, children with suspect DPsQ score had a 10.5 times higher chance of retaining primitive reflexes (OR 10.50; 95%CI 1.19 to 92.73; P=0.034). Furthermore, 66.7-77.8% of children with suspect DPsQ score had retained the Moro reflex, asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR), and symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR). Neither gender nor age were significantly associated with either suspect DPsQ score or the presence of retained primitive reflexes.
Conclusion The DPsQ results correlate to integration of primitive reflexes, with 10.50 greater odds of children with ‘suspect’ DPsQ scores to have retained primitive reflexes. As such, retained primitive reflexes is not useful as a primary screen for future neurological problems. However, a high percentage of children (43.2%) with normal DPsQ scores also have retained primitive reflexes.
Assessing the infection burden and associated risk factors in children under 5 across Jaipurs urban slums: A feasibility study using a One Health approach
Authors: Manikam Dr Logan , Rutherford Spencer , Emes David , Cupp Meghan , Sharma Radhika , Sarkar Dr Kaushik , Aisyah Dr Dewi , Field Dr Samantha , Hayward Prof Andrew , Altamirano Dr Hector , Batura Dr Neha , Dasgupta Prof Rajib , Haklay Prof Muki , Nix Dr Emily , Christen Paula , Lakhanpaul Prof Monica 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: Infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of death among children under five (U5s) across both India & globally. This is worse in slum environments with poor access to water, sanitation & hygiene (WASH), good nutrition & a safe built environment.
Globally, a One Health (e.g. human, animal & environment) approach is increasingly advocated by WHO, FAO & OIE to reduce infections & antimicrobial resistance. As U5s living in peri-urban slums are exposed to household and community owned companion & livestock animals and pests, the CHIP Consortium hypothesized that utilizing a One Health approach to co-produce behavior change & slum upgrading interventions may reduce this burden where other WASH & nutrition interventions have failed.
This study aimed to assess the feasibility of utilising a One Health approach to assess U5 infection & risk factor prevalence in Jaipurs urban slums prior to undertaking prospective cohort studies involving culture and culture independent sampling of U5s and animals across our study sites in Jaipur, Jakarta & Antofagasta.

Methods: We administered a Rapid Household Survey to 25 purposely selected households across six slums. The questionnaire evaluated infection prevalence, health seeking behaviors, the built environment, presence of animals & pests, and individual to household-level demographics. Associations were calculated using correlations among continuous variables to show strength of significance between continuous variables.

Results: We found a high incidence of infections in children under five at 40%. This was most significantly correlated with accessibility of sanitary toilets (r = .62) and household expenditure. Vaccination coverage and child characteristics (such as size) were minimally correlated, while the presence of animals (pets or pests) was not correlated; the latter was likely due to the design of the survey.

Conclusion: This study found a higher infection prevalence than previous studies. We also found higher correlations with infection incidence among household-level characteristics, indicating that effective interventions need to address both the built and socio-economic environments. A pilot prospective cohort study, which includes researcher observations for the presence of animals to account for inconsistencies in the survey, is now underway.
The role of auditor opinion in moderating the effect of financial distress on auditor switching in the infrastructure, utility, and transportation sub-sectors
Authors: Prihandoko Dedi Heru , Supriyati Supriyati 
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of company growth and financial distress on auditor switching with going concern audit opinion as a moderating variable. The data used in this research are secondary data obtained from Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample used in this study is 25 infrastructure, utilities and transportation companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The study period is 5 years (2013-2017). Sampling in this study is conducted using purposive sampling method. The analysis techniques used are descriptive analysis, logistic regression, and moderated regression analysis. The dependent variable used is auditor switching, while the independent variables are company growth and financial distress, with going concernÂ audit opinion as the moderating variable.Â The results show that company growth has no effect on auditor switching, financial distress has an effect on Auditor switching, going concern audit opinion has no affect and cannot moderate the effect of company growth on auditor switching, going concern audit opinion has an effect but cannot moderate the effect of financial distress on auditor switching.
SEMANTIC REINTERPRETATION OF THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD’S OBLIGATORY PROPERTIES FOR DA’WAH ADVANCEMENT IN THE INTER-RELIGIOUS CONTEXT
Authors: Maulana Abdullah Muslich Rizal 
Published: June 2020

A further improvement is necessary for the advancement of da’wah in the context of interreligious communities. Regarding the growing of this demand Muslim should evaluate their da’wah method. This paper will attempt to reformulate the method of da’wah based on semantic analysis toward the four obligatory properties of Prophet Muhammad siddiq, amanah, tabligh, and fatanah. Research question here is how we should redefine the obligatory properties of Prophet Muhammad via semantic theoretical framework for the advancement of da’wah in the interreligious context. To achieve this goal, I will put several sub-chapters to discuss the semantic theoretical framework, namely: the relationship with the Islamic worldview, the elaboration of the compulsory nature of the Prophet Muhammad through the semantic theoretical framework, and then end by overcoming the analysis with a new form of da’wah that anticipates the interfaith context late in inter-commitment from the Islamic truth. This paper concludes that redefining the obligatory properties of Prophet Muhammad via semantic theoretical framework derives the inter-commitment of the Islamic truth as the theological foundation of da’wah in the late interreligious context. It entails the deeper reflection of siddiq, amanah, tabligh, and fatanah the direction of intensifying the competence of da’i regarding the advancement of da’wah in the recent interreligious context.
An Illustration to Ælfric’s De temporibus anni in Ælfwine’s Prayerbook
Authors: Teresi Loredana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present essay discusses a diagram found in London, British Library, Cotton Titus D.xxvii+xxvi, the so-called Ælfwine’s Prayerbook. The diagram, which appears on fol. 21 v (see Figure 1), has been interpreted by most scholars as an incomplete tidal rota or an incomplete wind rota (as it contains only 4 out of the canonical 12 winds). A detailed, comparative analysis of the features of the diagram, however, proves that the hypothesis of the tidal rota must be discarded in favour of that of the wind diagram. Moreover, an analysis of the manuscript contents and of the way in which the manuscript was written reveals a close connection between the diagram and Ælfric’s De temporibus anni, showing that the diagram is complete in its present form, and was inspired by the Ælfrician text. My study shows that the rota constitutes an illustration to the discussion of the winds appearing in the De temporibus anni and, at the same time, a representation of the Cross and of the close connection between God and the natural world, perfectly integrated within Ælfwine’s interests and architectural plans, as well as within the “visual-exegetical method” (Kühnel 2003) of the period.
Mathematical model of patella T-reflex and clinical evaluation with Ashworth scales
Authors: Bilgin Süleyman , Carlak Hamza Feza , Polat Övünç , Nüzket Tunca , Uslu Serkan , Uysal Hilmi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSpasticity is one of the major problems that arise in different neurological diseases and seriously affect the quality of human life. Research on the understanding of mechanism of spasticity remains as important as the studies on the spasticity therapy and rehabilitation. In this study, the spasticity mechanism which develops concerning the upper motor neuron lesions is investigated by modelling “Patella tendon reflex triggered patella pendulum”. The mathematical model based on the pendulum phenomenon is developed by solving the curve-fitting problem as finding the curve that best fits a set of data points. Electrophysiological and dynamic measurement data were taken from 76 spastic subjects and 20 healthy participants. The mathematical model is determined by the morphological properties of the goniometric variations. The results denote that the mathematical model containing two clinically relevant parameters –frequency component of the damped oscillatory motion defined as “f0” with the maximum angle of the reflex defined as “a0” ensures to distinguish spasticity from healthy subjects.
Multilayer-structured fibrous membrane with directional moisture transportability and thermal radiation for high-performance air filtration
Authors: Yang Yuyan , He Ruidong , Cheng Yixin , Wang Na 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The demand of high-performance filter media for the face masks is urgent nowadays due to the severe air pollution. Herein, a highly breathable and thermal comfort membrane that combines the asymmetrically superwettable skin layer with the nanofibrous membrane has been fabricated via successive electrospinning and electrospraying technologies. Thanks to high porosity, interconnected pore structure, and across-thickness wettability gradient, the composite membrane with a low basis weight of 3.0 g m−2 exhibits a good air permeability of 278 mm s−1, a comparable water vapor permeability difference of 3.61 kg m−2 d−1, a high filtration efficiency of 99.3%, a low pressure drop of 64 Pa, and a favorable quality factor of 0.1089 Pa−1, which are better than those of the commercial polypropylene. Moreover, the multilayer-structured membrane displays a modest infrared transmittance of 92.1% that can keep the human face cool and comfort. This composite fibrous medium is expected to protect humans from PM2.5 and keep them comfortable even in a hygrothermal environment.
Private Law Duties Deriving From EU Banking Regulation and its Individual Protection Goals
Authors: Badenhoop Nikolai 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEU regulation both affects private law and increasingly relies on private law mechanisms to ensure its proper enforcement. Prominent examples are competition and capital markets regulation. In contrast, EU prudential regulation of commercial banking predominantly relies on public enforcement via supervisory authorities. This is astonishing given that the protection of individual bank customers emerges as a leitmotiv of EU banking regulation. CRD IV and CRR as the main legislative acts of EU commercial banking regulation strongly promote the goals of depositor and investor protection. More explicitly, the Consumer Credit Directive and the Consumer Mortgage Credit Directive introduced the duty of responsible lending towards consumers. Where the individual bank customer enjoys regulatory attention, but is not protected by public supervisory authorities, private law is best placed to fill the enforcement gap. In light of CJEU guidance, this contribution argues that the current EU banking regulation is open for and even requires private law remedies to enforce individual protection goals. Suitable instruments are contract interpretation, contract nullity and damages.
Does Transparency Lead to Unfairness? The Court of Justice of the European Union on the Duty to Inform about Mandatory Rules
Authors: Mouttotos Nicholas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in Ottília Lovasné Tóth v ERSTE Bank Hungary Zrt can be seen as a missed opportunity, first, in elaborating on Article 3(1) of Directive 93/13, in particular whether the two criteria set by the article, of a term causing a ‘significant imbalance’ and it being contrary to ‘good faith’ should be assessed separately; and, second, in clarifying the status of the transparency requirement found in Article 5 of the directive. This case note focuses on the latter question, taking into account the repercussions of the judgment of the CJEU in Verein für Konsumenteninformation v Amazon EU Sàrl. In the latter case, the CJEU introduced an information duty about the existence of mandatory rules such as Article 6(2) of Rome I Regulation. In its decision in Ottília Lovasné Tóth, the CJEU decided to limit the scope of the judgment in Amazon to the particular circumstances of that case.