bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking recognition: social context in adult life rather than early experience shapes recognition in a social wasp
Authors: Cappa Federico , Cini Alessandro , Signorotti Lisa , Cervo Rita 
Published: May 2020

Social recognition represents the foundation of social living. To what extent social recognition is hard-wired by early-life experience or flexible and influenced by social context of later life stages is a crucial question in animal behaviour studies. Social insects have represented classic models to investigate the subject, and the acknowledged idea is that relevant information to create the referent template for nest-mate recognition (NMR) is usually acquired during an early sensitive period in adult life. Experimental evidence, however, highlighted that other processes may also be at work in creating the template and that such a template may be updated during adult life according to social requirements. However, currently, we lack an ad hoc experiment testing the alternative hypotheses at the basis of NMR ontogeny in social insects. Thus, to investigate the mechanisms underlying the ontogeny of NMR inPolisteswasps, a model genus in recognition studies, and their different role in determining recognition abilities, we subjectedPolistes dominulaworkers to different olfactory experiences in different phases of their life before inserting them into the social environment of a novel colony and testing them in recognition bioassays. Our results show that workers develop their NMR abilities based on their social context rather than through pre-imaginal and early learning or self-referencing. Our study demonstrates that the social context represents the major component shaping recognition abilities in a social wasp, therefore shedding new light on the ontogeny of recognition in paper wasps and prompting the reader to rethink about the traditional knowledge at the basis of the recognition in social insects.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Signal detection theory in recognition systems: from evolving models to experimental tests'.
The evolution of species recognition labels in insects
Authors: Adams Seira Ashley , Tsutsui Neil Durie 
Published: May 2020

The evolution of pre-zygotic reproductive isolation is a key step in the process of speciation. In many organisms, particularly insects, chemical labels are used as pheromones for species-specific mate recognition. Although an enormous body of knowledge exists regarding the patterns of pheromone chemical ecology, much less is known about the evolutionary processes that underlie the origin of new mating pheromones. Here, we examine case studies that have illuminated the origins of species-specific mating pheromones and suggest future directions for productive research.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Signal detection theory in recognition systems: from evolving models to experimental tests’.
Complex signals alter recognition accuracy and conspecific acceptance thresholds
Authors: Tibbetts Elizabeth A. , Liu Ming , Laub Emily C. , Shen Sheng-Feng 
Published: May 2020

Many aspects of behaviour depend on recognition, but accurate recognition is difficult because the traits used for recognition often overlap. For example, brood parasitic birds mimic host eggs, so it is challenging for hosts to discriminate between their own eggs and parasitic eggs. Complex signals that occur in multiple sensory modalities or involve multiple signal components are thought to facilitate accurate recognition. However, we lack models that explore the effect of complex signals on the evolution of recognition systems. Here, we use individual-based models with a genetic algorithm to test how complex signals influence recognition thresholds, signaller phenotypes and receiver responses. The model has three main results. First, complex signals lead to more accurate recognition than simple signals. Second, when two signals provide different amounts of information, receivers will rely on the more informative signal to make recognition decisions and may ignore the less informative signal. As a result, the particular traits used for recognition change over evolutionary time as sender and receiver phenotypes evolve. Third, complex signals are more likely to evolve when recognition errors are high cost than when errors are low cost. Overall, redundant, complex signals are an evolutionarily stable mechanism to reduce recognition errors.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Signal detection theory in recognition systems: from evolving models to experimental tests’.
Mechanisms of recognition in birds and social Hymenoptera: from detection to information processing
Authors: Rossi Natacha , Derégnaucourt Sébastien 
Published: May 2020

In this opinion piece, we briefly review our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying auditory individual recognition in birds and chemical nest-mate recognition in social Hymenoptera. We argue that even though detection and perception of recognition cues are well studied in social Hymenoptera, the neural mechanisms remain a black box. We compare our knowledge of these insect systems with that of the well-studied avian ‘song control system’. We suggest that future studies on recognition should focus on the hypothesis of a distributed template instead of trying to locate the seat of the template as recent results do not seem to point in that direction.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Signal detection theory in recognition systems: from evolving models to experimental tests’.
Avian egg and nestling detection in the wild: should we rely on visual models or behavioural experiments?
Authors: Avilés Jesús M. 
Published: May 2020

The fields of avian egg and nestling colour detection have rapidly advanced owing to the application of visual models, which have allowed assessing of evolutionary questions considering receiver perception. Here, I first review the literature aiming to identify patterns of avian visual model usage. Second, I elaborate on limitations in the application of the receptor-noise limited perceptual (RNL hereafter) model. A systematic literature review revealed that the RNL model was the most used approach (81% of studies) in the field, and that most studies (76%) were concerned with classic evolutionary questions in avian brood parasitism. Some known limitations of the RNL model deal with model assumptions and parameterization, or, a poor consideration of post-detection neural processes. Others, however, are specific of the fields of egg and nestling discrimination and deal with the highly variable nature of ambient light at the nests, the complex colour design of eggs and nestlings, the multi-dimensional nature of perception, and the possible implication of learning. I, therefore, conclude that visual models should be used with caution to establish inference about egg and nestling discrimination, and rather be used to provide reasonable hypotheses which need to be validated with behavioural experiments.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Signal detection theory in recognition systems: from evolving models to experimental tests'.
Helping decisions and kin recognition in long-tailed tits: is call similarity used to direct help towards kin?
Authors: Leedale Amy E. , Lachlan Robert F. , Robinson Elva J. H. , Hatchwell Ben J. 
Published: May 2020

Most cooperative breeders live in discrete family groups, but in a minority, breeding populations comprise extended social networks of conspecifics that vary in relatedness. Selection for effective kin recognition may be expected for more related individuals in such kin neighbourhoods to maximize indirect fitness. Using a long-term social pedigree, molecular genetics, field observations and acoustic analyses, we examine how vocal similarity affects helping decisions in the long-tailed titAegithalos caudatus. Long-tailed tits are cooperative breeders in which help is typically redirected by males that have failed in their own breeding attempts towards the offspring of male relatives living within kin neighbourhoods. We identify a positive correlation between call similarity and kinship, suggesting that vocal cues offer a plausible mechanism for kin discrimination. Furthermore, we show that failed breeders choose to help males with calls more similar to their own. However, although helpers fine-tune their provisioning rates according to how closely related they are to recipients, their effort was not correlated with their vocal similarity to helped breeders. We conclude that although vocalizations are an important part of the recognition system of long-tailed tits, discrimination is likely to be based on prior association and may involve a combination of vocal and non-vocal cues.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Signal detection theory in recognition systems: from evolving models to experimental tests’.
Subnational analysis of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil
Authors: Mellan Thomas A , Hoeltgebaum Henrique H , Mishra Swapnil , Whittaker Charlie , Schnekenberg Ricardo P , Gandy Axel , Unwin H Juliette T , Vollmer Michaela A C , Coupland Helen , Hawryluk Iwona , Faria Nuno Rodrigues , Vesga Juan , Zhu Harrison , Hutchinson Michael , Ratmann Oliver , Monod Mélodie , Ainslie Kylie E C , Baguelin Marc , Bhatia Sangeeta , Boonyasiri Adhiratha , Brazeau Nicholas , Charles Giovanni , Cucunuba Zulma , Cuomo-Dannenburg Gina , Dighe Amy , Eaton Jeff , Elsland Sabine L van , Gaythorpe Katy A M , Green Will , Knock Edward , Laydon Daniel , Lees John A , Mousa Andria , Nedjati-Gilani Gemma , Nouvellet Pierre , Parag Kris V , Thompson Hayley A , Verity Robert , Walters Caroline E , Wang Haowei , Wang Yuanrong , Watson Oliver J , Whittles Lilith , Xi Xiaoyue , Dorigatti Ilaria , Walker Patrick , Ghani Azra C , Riley Steven , Ferguson Neil M , Donnelly Christl A , Flaxman Seth , Bhatt Samir 
Published: May 2020

1AbstractBrazil is currently reporting the second highest number of COVID-19 deaths in the world. Here we characterise the initial dynamics of COVID-19 across the country and assess the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) that were implemented using a semi-mechanistic Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach. Our results highlight the significant impact these NPIs had across states, reducing an average Rt > 3 to an average of 1.5 by 9-May-2020, but that these interventions failed to reduce Rt < 1, congruent with the worsening epidemic Brazil has experienced since. We identify extensive heterogeneity in the epidemic trajectory across Brazil, with the estimated number of days to reach 0.1% of the state population infected since the first nationally recorded case ranging from 20 days in São Paulo compared to 60 days in Goiás, underscoring the importance of sub-national analyses in understanding asynchronous state-level epidemics underlying the national spread and burden of COVID-19.
Induction of Cross-reactive Hemagglutination Inhibiting Antibody and Polyfunctional CD4+ T-cell Responses by a Recombinant Matrix-M-Adjuvanted Hemagglutinin Nanoparticle Influenza Vaccine
Authors: Shinde Vivek , Cai Rongman , Plested Joyce , Cho Iksung , Fiske Jamie , Pham Xuan , Zhu Mingzhu , Cloney-Clark Shane , Wang Nan , Zhou Haixia , Zhou Bin , Patel Nita , Massare Michael J , Fix Amy , Spindler Michelle , Thomas David Nigel , Smith Gale , Fries Louis , Glenn Gregory M 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundRecurrent reports of suboptimal influenza vaccine effectiveness have renewed calls to develop improved, broadly cross-protective influenza vaccines. Here, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a novel, saponin (Matrix-M)-adjuvanted, recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) quadrivalent nanoparticle influenza vaccine (qNIV).MethodsWe conducted a randomized, observer-blind, comparator-controlled (trivalent high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine [IIV3-HD], or quadrivalent recombinant influenza vaccine [RIV4]), safety and immunogenicity trial of qNIV (in 5 different doses/formulations) in healthy adults aged ≥65 years. Vaccine immunogenicity was measured by hemagglutination-inhibition assays using reagents expressing wild-type HA sequences (wt-HAI) and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses.ResultsA total of 1375 participants were randomized, immunized, and followed for safety and immunogenicity. Matrix-M-adjuvanted qNIV induced superior wt-HAI antibody responses against 5 of 6 homologous or drifted strains evaluated compared to unadjuvanted qNIV. Adjuvanted qNIV induced post-vaccination wt-HAI antibody responses at Day 28 that were: statistically higher than IIV3-HD against a panel of homologous or drifted A/H3N2 strains; similar to IIV3-HD against homologous A/H1N1 and B (Victoria) strains; and similar to RIV4 against all homologous and drifted strains evaluated. The qNIV formulation with 75 μg Matrix-M adjuvant induced substantially higher post-vaccination geometric mean fold-increases of influenza HA-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T-cells compared to IIV3-HD or RIV4. Overall, similar frequencies of solicited and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) were reported in all treatment groups.ConclusionsqNIV with 75 μg Matrix-M adjuvant was well tolerated and induced robust antibody and cellular responses, notably against both homologous and drifted A/H3N2 viruses. Further investigation in a pivotal phase 3 trial is underway.SHORT SUMMARYWe compared multiple formulations of a recombinant Matrix-M-adjuvanted nanoparticle influenza vaccine to 2 licensed influenza vaccines in older adults. The nanoparticle vaccine was well tolerated, and induced hemagglutination-inhibition antibody and CD4+ T-cell responses to vaccine-homologous and drifted A/H3N2 influenza viruses.
Fuzzy logic use in classification of the severity of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: de Oliveira Andrade Luís Jesuino , França Caroline Santos , Andrade Rafael , Bittencourt Alcina Maria Vinhaes , de Oliveira Gabriela Correia Matos 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeEmploy fuzzy logic to auxiliary in identification and diagnosis the gravity of diabetic retinopathy (DR).MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed, being assessed 100 diabetes mellitus patients with DR. The following ultrasound findings were measured employing a semi-quantitative punctuation method: vitreous hemorrhage, posterior vitreous detachment, epiretinal fibrosis, retinal detachment. The fundus photography (FP) aspects evaluated for diagnosis of DR were at least four or more microaneurysms with or without hard or soft exudates, and neovascularization, graded using the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Scale. With the combination between ultrasound punctuation and FP aspects through fuzzy logic, a classification for DR has been built.ResultsMicroaneurysms were the findings which presented the better interaction with the DR severity on ultrasound, while the hard exudates showed the minors estimation errors when compared to soft exudates. A classification for DR was suggested based on the 95% confidence interval of number of microaneurysms: mild group (< 24.6); moderately mild (24.6 - 48.0); moderate (48.1 - 64.5); moderately severe (64.6 - 77.0); severe (77.1 - 92.7); and very severe (> 92.7).ConclusionBy the fuzzy logic, a DR classification was constructed supported on number of microaneurysms measurement with a simple practical application.
Cardiac Structural and Functional Characteristics in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Serial Echocardiographic Study
Authors: Heng Ge , Mingli Zhu , Jing Du , Yong Zhou , Wei Wang , Wei Zhang , Handong Jiang , Zhiqing Qiao , Zhichun Gu , Fenghua Li , Jun Pu 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIncreasing attention has been paid to cardiac involvement in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Yet, scarce information is available regarding the morphological and functional features of cardiac impairments in these patients.METHODSWe conducted a prospective and serial echocardiographic study to investigate the structural and functional cardiac changes among COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). From January 21 to April 8, 2020, a total of 51 ICU patients (31 critically ill and 20 severely ill) with confirmed COVID-19 were monitored by serial transthoracic echocardiography examinations. Outcomes were followed up until April 8, 2020.RESULTSOf 51 ICU patients, 33 (64.7%) had cardiovascular comorbidities. Elevations of levels of cardiac biomarkers including high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-I (hs-cTnI) and brain natriuretic peptide were observed in 62.7% and 86.3% of patients, respectively. Forty-two (82.3%) had at least one left-heart and/or right-heart echocardiographic abnormality. The overall median left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 65.0% (IQR 58.0–69.0%), with most (44/86.3%) having preserved LVEF. Sixteen patients (31.4%) had increased pulmonary artery systolic pressure, and 14 (27.5%) had right-ventricle (RV) enlargement. During the study period, 12 (23.5%) patients died. LVEF was comparable between survivors and non-survivors, while non-survivors had more often pulmonary hypertension (58.3% vs. 23.1%; P=0.028) and RV enlargement (58.3% vs. 17.9%, P=0.011). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated similar survival curves between patients with vs. without echocardiographic left-heart abnormalities (P=0.450 by log-rank test), while right-heart abnormalities had adverse impact on mortality (P=0.012 by log-rank test).CONCLUSIONSTypical cardiac abnormality in ICU patients with COVID-19 was right-heart dysfunction with preserved LVEF. Echocardiographic right-heart dysfunction was associated with disease severity and increased mortality in patients affected by COVID-19.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATIONUnique identifier: NCT04352842.
No SARS-CoV-2 carriage observed in children attending daycare centers during the first weeks of the epidemic in Belgium
Authors: Desmet Stefanie , Ekinci Esra , Wouters Ine , Decru Bram , Beuselinck Kurt , Malhotra-Kumar Surbhi , Theeten Heidi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo gain knowledge about the role of young children attending daycare in the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, a random sample of children (n=84) aged between 6 and 30 months attending daycare in Belgium was studied shortly after the start of the epidemic (February 29th) and before the lockdown (March 18th). No asymptomatic carriage of SARS-CoV-2 was detected, whereas common cold symptoms were common (51.2%).
Retrospective Pooled Screening for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in late 2019
Authors: Hogan Catherine A. , Garamani Natasha , Sahoo Malaya K. , Huang ChunHong , Zehnder James , Pinsky Benjamin A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReports have emerged documenting earlier SARS-CoV-2 cases than previously recognized. To investigate this possibility in the Bay Area, we retrospectively tested 1,700 samples from symptomatic individuals for the last 2 months of 2019. No SARS-CoV-2 positive pools were identified, consistent with limited transmission in this population at this time.
SARS-CoV-2 Antibody responses do not predict COVID-19 disease severity
Authors: Phipps William S. , SoRelle Jeffrey A. , Li Quan-Zhen , Mahimainathan Lenin , Araj Ellen , Markantonis John , Lacelle Chantale , Balani Jyoti , Parikh Hiren , Solow E. Blair , Karp David R. , Sarode Ravi , Muthukumar Alagarraju 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundInitial reports indicate adequate performance of some serological-based SARS-CoV-2 assays. However, additional studies are required to facilitate interpretation of results, including how antibody levels impact immunity and disease course.MethodsIn this study, a total of 968 subjects were tested for IgG antibodies reactive to SARS-CoV-2. We confirmed analytic specificity using 656 plasma samples from healthy donors, 49 sera from patients with rheumatic disease, and 90 specimens from individuals positive for PCR-based respiratory viral panel. One-hundred seventy-three cases of confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 were tested for IgG. A subgroup of 37 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive cases was tested for nucleocapsid-specific IgM antibody using an in-house developed microarray method. Antibody levels were compared between disease severity groups.ResultsAll specificity specimens were negative for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies (0/656, 0%). Cross reactivity was not detected in specimens with antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor, or cases with previous diagnosis of viral infection including human coronavirus. Positive agreement of IgG with PCR was 83% of samples confirmed to be more than 14 days from symptom onset, with less than 100% sensitivity attributable to a case with severe immunosuppression. Virus-specific IgM was positive in a higher proportion of cases less than 3 days from symptom onset. No association was observed between mild and severe disease course with respect to IgG and IgM levels.ConclusionsThe studied SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay had 100% specificity and no adverse cross-reactivity. Index values of IgG and IgM antibodies did not predict disease severity in our patient population.
Establishment of an African green monkey model for COVID-19
Authors: Woolsey Courtney , Borisevich Viktoriya , Prasad Abhishek N. , Agans Krystle N. , Deer Daniel J. , Dobias Natalie S. , Heymann John C. , Foster Stephanie L. , Levine Corri B. , Medina Liana , Melody Kevin , Geisbert Joan B. , Fenton Karla A. , Geisbert Thomas W. , Cross Robert W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for an unprecedented global pandemic of COVID-19. Animal models are urgently needed to study the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and to screen candidate vaccines and treatments. Nonhuman primates (NHP) are considered the gold standard model for many infectious pathogens as they usually best reflect the human condition. Here, we show that African green monkeys support a high level of SARS-CoV-2 replication and develop pronounced respiratory disease that may be more substantial than reported for other NHP species including cynomolgus and rhesus macaques. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in mucosal samples of all animals including feces of several animals as late as 15 days after virus exposure. Importantly, we show that virus replication and respiratory disease can be produced in African green monkeys using a much lower and more natural dose of SARS-CoV-2 than has been employed in other NHP studies.
Nuclear phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate interactome uncovers an enrichment in nucleolar proteins
Authors: Gavgani Fatemeh Mazloumi , Morovicz Andrea Papdiné , D’Santos Clive S. , Lewis Aurélia E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPolyphosphoinositides (PPIn) play essential functions as lipid signalling molecules and many of their functions have been elucidated in the cytoplasm. However, PPIn are also intranuclear where they contribute to chromatin remodelling, transcription and mRNA splicing. The PPIn, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) has been mapped to the nucleus and nucleoli but its role remains unclear in this subcellular compartment. To gain further insights into the nuclear functions of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, we applied a previously developed quantitative mass spectrometry-based approach to identify the targets of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3from isolated nuclei. We identified 179 potential PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-interacting proteins and gene ontology analysis for the biological functions of this dataset revealed an enrichment in RNA processing/splicing, cytokinesis, protein folding and DNA repair. Interestingly, about half of these interactors were common to nucleolar protein datasets, some of which had dual functions in rRNA transcription and DNA repair, including Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1/ARTD1). PARP1 was found to interact directly with PtdIns(3,4,5)P3as well as PtdIns(3,4)P2and to co-localise with PtdIns(3,4,5)P3in the nucleolus and with PtdIns(3,4)P2in nucleoplasmic foci. In conclusion, the PtdIns(3,4,5)P3interactome reported here identified several nucleolar proteins and further pointed to roles for this lipid in these processes.