bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Distance to Treatment Affect Mortality Rate for Surgical Oncology Patients?
Authors: Garstka Meghan , Monlezun Dominique , Kandil Emad 
Published: September 2020

Introduction Using the National Cancer Database (NCDB), we seek to analyze the relationship of patient distance to hospital of treatment on mortality trends after surgery, since patients often travel large distances to referral centers. Methods A retrospective cohort study of the NCDB from 2004 to 2013 was performed, and patients with gastrointestinal, melanoma, and head and neck primary site tumors who underwent surgery were included. We excluded cases with no recorded mortality status or distance from the hospital. A multivariable logistic regression was conducted with adjustments for population density, treating facility location, age, race, gender, education, income, insurance, comorbidities (Charlson-Deyo score), days from diagnosis to treatment, positive margin, tumor stage and grade, and lymph or vascular invasion. Results A total of 1 424 482 patients were included. Overall median distance to hospital was 9.7 miles (range 4.2-23.7 miles); 696 647 (48.91%) of the sample traveled a distance greater than 10 miles to the institution where the procedure was performed. The multivariable regression analysis demonstrated overall lower mortality for those patients travelling a longer distance to care for multiple tumor types, including: liver (OR .87, .77-.99, P = .032), pancreas (OR .82, .76-.89, P < .001), colon (OR .92, .89-.95, P < .001), rectum (OR .90, .83-.96, P = .003), melanoma (OR .83, .79-.88, P < .001), and tumors of the larynx (OR .80, .69-.94, P = .005). Discussion Increased distance traveled for surgical treatment has a significant correlation with decreased odds of mortality for multiple cancers, highlighting the importance of centralized referral patterns for oncology care.
Know Your Cognitive Environment! Mental Models as Crucial Determinant of Offloading Preferences
Authors: Weis Patrick P. , Wiese Eva 
Published: September 2020

Objective Human problem solvers possess the ability to outsource parts of their mental processing onto cognitive “helpers” ( cognitive offloading). However, suboptimal decisions regarding which helper to recruit for which task occur frequently. Here, we investigate if understanding and adjusting a specific subcomponent of mental models—beliefs about task-specific expertise—regarding these helpers could provide a comparatively easy way to improve offloading decisions. Background Mental models afford the storage of beliefs about a helper that can be retrieved when needed. Methods Arithmetic and social problems were solved by 192 participants. Participants could, in addition to solving a task on their own, offload cognitive processing onto a human, a robot, or one of two smartphone apps. These helpers were introduced with either task-specific (e.g., stating that an app would use machine learning to “recognize faces” and “read emotions”) or task-unspecific (e.g., stating that an app was built for solving “complex cognitive tasks”) descriptions of their expertise. Results Providing task-specific expertise information heavily altered offloading behavior for apps but much less so for humans or robots. This suggests (1) strong preexisting mental models of human and robot helpers and (2) a strong impact of mental model adjustment for novel helpers like unfamiliar smartphone apps. Conclusion Creating and refining mental models is an easy approach to adjust offloading preferences and thus improve interactions with cognitive environments. Application To efficiently work in environments in which problem-solving includes consulting other people or cognitive tools (“helpers”), accurate mental models—especially regarding task-relevant expertise—are a crucial prerequisite.
Peer Delinquency among Digital Natives: The Cyber Context as a Source of Peer Influence
Authors: McCuddy Timothy 
Published: September 2020

Objectives: This study examines the influence of online peers who are not regularly seen in person by considering if online, pro-delinquent support is associated with self-reported delinquency independently of delinquent peers. Methods: Data come from a longitudinal, panel survey of two cohorts of middle and high school students located within six school districts (N = 1,177). Analyses first examine the overlap between online peer support for delinquency and perceived peer delinquency. Next, models consider how measures of online peer support for delinquency are associated with the prevalence (logit), variety (negative binomial), and changes (first difference) in self-reported delinquency. Results: Online peers generally do not enable exposure to new messages supportive of delinquency; rather, they supplement influences derived from delinquent peers. Little evidence was found that online peer support was associated with general delinquency and violence, although changes in online peer support were associated with changes in these outcomes. Partial evidence was found that online peers are associated with the prevalence, variety, and changes in self-reported theft and substance use. Conclusions: The influence from unique online peers is largely secondary to offline peers, although this depends upon the crime type under investigation.
The Nature and Role of Morality in Offending: A Moral Foundations Approach
Authors: Silver Jason R. , Silver Eric 
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Criminologists have long viewed morality as a critical element in offending. However, two factors limit the theoretical impact of prior work. First, no overarching framework for describing the nature and role of morality has been developed. Second, morality has been measured in a narrow manner as the extent to which individuals disapprove of particular acts of offending. To address these limitations, we examine the utility of a moral psychological framework—Moral Foundations Theory (MFT)—that fits remarkably well with the conceptions of morality found in criminological theorizing (i.e., that morality inhibits offending, has intuitive and pluralistic dimensions, and under certain circumstances may motivate offending). Methods: We use negative binomial regression to model self-reported counts of violence, group violence, theft, property damage, marijuana use, and illegal phone use while driving, in a large national sample of Icelandic youths (n = 10,710). Results: We find that individualizing moral intuitions centered on rights and autonomy and binding moral intuitions centered on social order and cohesion are uniquely associated with different types of offending and exhibit inhibiting or motivating effects depending on the outcome. Conclusion: MFT holds considerable promise as a framework for conducting criminological research on the relationship between morality and offending.
Tai Chi exercise can ameliorate physical and mental health of patients with knee osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Lidong , Wang Yiwen , Liu Xingkang , Ji Xiaojian , Ma Yingpei , Man Siliang , Hu Zhengyuan , Cheng Jidong , Huang Feng 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To systematically review the effects of Tai Chi exercise as a nonpharmacological therapeutic strategy on the physical and mental health in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Data sources: A systematic literature retrieval has been conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, CENTRAL, OVID, CINAHL, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Chinese Biomedical Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure up to June 2020 to identify the relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: Two authors assessed independently the risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. Standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% CI were calculated and data were combined using the fixed or random-effect model. The strength of evidence was rated with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Results: A total of 16 RCTs involving 986 patients with knee osteoarthritis met the established inclusion criteria. The strength of evidence for the main outcomes was low or moderate. The systematic review illustrated the efficacy of Tai Chi exercise in treating and managing knee osteoarthritis. Patients’ outcomes practising Tai Chi exercise were improved significantly, including pain (SMD = ‒0.69, 95%CI: ‒0.95 to ‒0.44, P < 0.001), stiffness (SMD = ‒0.59, 95%CI: ‒0.91 to ‒0.27, P < 0.001), physical function (SMD = ‒0.92, 95%CI: –1.16 to ‒0.69, P < 0.001), dynamic balance (SMD = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.38 to 0.99, P < 0.001), physiological and psychological health (SF-36 PCS: SMD = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.28 to 0.68, P < 0.001; SF-36 MCS: SMD = 0.26, 95%CI: 0.06 to 0.45, P = 0.01). No adverse events associated with Tai Chi exercise were reported. Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise was beneficial for ameliorating physical and mental health of patients with knee osteoarthritis and should be available as an alternative non-pharmacological therapy in rehabilitation programmes.
Efficacy and safety of human urinary kallidinogenase for acute ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Yuanxiang , Wang Binglei , Zhang Yue , Wang Peize , Zhang Xiangjian 
Published: September 2020

Objective Human urinary kallidinogenase (HUK) is a glycoprotein extracted from human urine that is used to treat stroke by triggering positive regulation of the kallikrein–kinin system. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HUK treatment for acute ischemic stroke. Methods We searched the online databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for papers published between January 2015 and December 2019. The quality of each trial was assessed using the Cochrane Reviewers’ Handbook. Randomized controlled trials of HUK in patients with acute ischemic stroke were included. Results Sixteen trials with 1326 participants were included. The HUK injection groups had more neurological improvement than the control groups in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores (mean difference, –1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], –2.12 to –1.71) and clinical efficacy (1.30; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.41). Subgroup analysis indicated that age may influence heterogeneity. Eleven trials reported adverse effects and there were no significant differences between the control and HUK groups (risk difference, 0.01; 95% CI, –0.02 to 0.04). Conclusions HUK ameliorates neurological symptoms in stroke patients with few adverse effects. Further high-quality, large-scale randomized trials are needed to confirm these results.
Temporal lung changes in high-resolution chest computed tomography for coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Chen Chengyang , Wang Xing , Dong Jia , Nie Dianer , Chen Qianlan , Yang Feng , Chen Weiwei , Hu Qiongjie 
Published: September 2020

Objective To evaluate temporal lung changes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and to determine the appropriate computed tomographic (CT) follow-up time. Methods Eighty-six patients with two or more HRCT scans who were diagnosed with COVID-19 were included. The CT score and major CT findings were evaluated. Results Eighty-two (95.3%) patients had lesions on the initial HRCT scans. Most scans showed bilateral, multifocal lung lesions, with multiple lobes involved and diffuse distribution. For fifty-seven patients with type I (progress compared with the initial CT score), the CT score reached a peak at 12 days and the nadir at 36 days. For twenty-nine patients with type II (no progress compared with the initial CT score), the lowest CT score was reached at 23 days. On the final HRCT scans (>21 days), patients with a reticular pattern were older than those without a reticular pattern. Conclusion The appropriate follow-up time of CT scans is during the second week (approximately 12 days) and the fourth to fifth weeks (approximately 23–36 days) from the onset of illness. These times could help reduce the CT radiation dose and show timely changes in the course of the disease by CT.
Visually guided associative learning in pediatric and adult migraine without aura
Authors: Giricz Zsófia , Pertich Ákos , Őze Attila , Puszta András , Fehér Ágnes , Eördegh Gabriella , Kóbor Jenő , Bihari Katalin , Pálinkás Éva , Braunitzer Gábor , Nagy Attila 
Published: September 2020

Introduction The Rutgers Acquired Equivalence Test is a visually guided equivalence learning paradigm that involves rule acquisition and generalization. Earlier we found impaired performance in this paradigm among adult migraine patients without aura. The aim of the study was to investigate if similar impairments can be found already in the pediatric form of the disease and to compare the performance of the pediatric study population with that of an adult study population. We hypothesized that the deficits observed in adults would be observable already in the pediatric population. Methods Twenty-seven children and adolescents newly diagnosed with migraine without aura and 27 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were tested with the Rutgers Acquired Equivalence Test. Their performance data were compared to each other and those of an earlier adult study population involving 22 patients and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Four parameters characterizing performance in the two main phases of the paradigm were calculated for each of the four groups. Performance parameters were compared with Mann-Whitney U test. Results In contrast to the decreased performance of the adult patients in the Rutgers Acquired Equivalence Test, no significant difference was found between pediatric patients and controls in any phase of the paradigm. Conclusion Children living with migraine without aura do not exhibit the same cognitive deficits in the Rutgers Acquired Equivalence Test as their adult counterparts. It can be hypothesized that the deficit of equivalence learning is not an inherent feature of the migrainous cognitive profile, rather the result of the interference of the disease with normal development.
Evaluating the Risk of Developing Thrombocytopenia Within Five Days of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Initiation in Septic Patients
Authors: Fay Lauren , Rechner-Neven Georgeanna , Hammond Drayton A. , DeMott Joshua M. , Sullivan Mary Jane 
Published: September 2020

Background: The differential diagnosis for thrombocytopenia in critical illness is often extensive. This study was performed to determine the incidence of thrombocytopenia in septic patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) versus those not undergoing CRRT. Objective: The primary outcome of this study was to compare the development of thrombocytopenia, defined as a platelet count ≤ 100 × 103/mm3, in septic patients within 5 days of time zero. Time zero was defined as the baseline platelet count upon hospital admission or CRRT initiation. Methods: An IRB approved, retrospective cohort study was conducted evaluating thrombocytopenia development in critically ill, septic patients who were initiated on CRRT versus those whom were not. Baseline and clinical characteristics were displayed using descriptive statistics. The primary outcome was evaluated overall and in subgroups of CRRT using Chi-square tests. Results: One hundred sixty patients, 80 per arm, were included in the study. Thrombocytopenia development within 5 days occurred more frequently in the renal replacement therapy (RRT) group compared to the control group (67.5% vs. 6.3%, p < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis of the RRT cohort, thrombocytopenia development within 5 days occurred more frequently in the continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) group compared to the accelerated veno-venous hemofiltration (AVVH) group (76% vs. 53.3%, p = 0.049). Conclusion: There is a high likelihood that septic patients initiated on CRRT will develop thrombocytopenia during their hospital stay. Patients receiving CVVH may develop thrombocytopenia more frequently than those receiving AVVH. Overall, CRRT should remain a differential diagnosis for thrombocytopenia development in this patient population.
Sustainable adhesives and adhesion processes for the footwear industry
Authors: Arán-Ais F , Ruzafa-Silvestre C , Carbonell-Blasco MP , Pérez-Limiñana MA , Orgilés-Calpena E 
Published: September 2020

The key to sustainable development in the footwear industry through the principles of circular economy lies in taking care of the design, as well as the introduction of innovative and more resource efficient materials and processes to reduce or avoid the use of water, energy, hazardous chemicals and to minimise emissions and waste. In fact, the environmental footprint is already being considered as another requirement of the footwear through eco-design. In this sense, previous studies carried out by INESCOP regarding its environmental impact in terms of carbon footprint showed that 15% of it corresponds to the assembly processes, mainly by adhesive joints, due to their content on organic solvents, hazardous chemicals and polymers from fossil origin. Therefore, this paper focuses on recent developments carried out by INESCOP on more sustainable adhesives and adhesion processes for the upper-to-sole assembly in the footwear manufacturing process, through different approaches. Firstly, bio-based reactive polyurethane hot melt adhesives have been synthesised using polyols from different renewable sources. Secondly, the use of the low-pressure plasma surface treatment to improve the adhesion of polymeric materials used as soling materials was assessed in order to reduce volatile organic compounds emissions, as well as the use of hazardous chemicals for total automation of the bonding process.
Assessing Total Quality Management (TQM) Effect on Hospital Performance in Ghana Using a Non-Probabilistic Approach: The Case of Greater Accra Regional Hospital (GARH)
Authors: Essel Ronald Ebenezer 
Published: September 2020

Background: TQM has gained extensive prominence over the last few decades and continue to play a significant role in modern healthcare delivery. Objectives: The objective of this empirical inquiry is to explore the nexus between TQM critical success factors implementation and hospital performance by soliciting employee and patient’s views within the Ghanaian context, focusing on Greater Accra Regional Hospital, a prime provider of secondary public healthcare in Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional approach (research design) was espoused for the study which made use of quantitative research techniques for its analysis. The study was based on self-answering structured (close-end) questionnaires completed by 250 respondents selected via convenient sampling. SPSS 25.0 was utilised for data analysis. Statistical analyses include descriptive statistics, principal component analyses, exploratory factor analyses with varimax rotation, reliability analyses, and multivariate regression analyses. Results: The study found significant positive relationships between all nine TQM constructs and hospital performance. Findings further revealed that the top management leadership construct contributed most to hospital performance, while training contributed least. Conclusion: The study made recommendations that have practical implications for hospital administrators/managers. In this circumstance, findings/recommendations established, should be considered crucial for hospital administrators/managers and policy makers when dealing with decisions affecting TQM assessment by exploring the potential practicability of the nine TQM critical success factors utilised in this study as a pertinent contrivance for initiating continuous service improvement in GARH in particular and Ghana’s public healthcare sector in general.
Female Entrepreneurs in the Hospitality Industry: A Panel Causality Analysis of EU Countries
Authors: Ghosh Sudeshna 
Published: September 2020

This study investigates the determinants of female entrepreneurship (FE) in the tourism and hospitality industry in 30 European countries. Based on annual observations for the period 2006–2016 and using panel causality techniques, the study explores the impact of tourism receipts, GDP per capita, the Global Entrepreneurial Index (GEI), policies related to institutional and cultural issues, childcare and gender parity related to skills and entrepreneurship on FE. The results of robust second-generation panel methods indicate the existence of long-run cointegration among FE, GDP, tourism receipts and other variables of interest. The long-run elasticities of tourism receipts, GDP, GEI, childcare and the female–male ratio of access to human capital formation in terms of training obtained from the panel fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), panel dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and the pooled mean group estimator (PMG) estimation are significant in the context of FE. The study concludes that pivotal policy interventions are needed to ensure that family policies and procedures, social strategies and tax structures do not discriminate female entrepreneurs. JEL: C32, C33, J16, O52, Z30
Diagnostic Discordance in Intraoperative Frozen Section Diagnosis of Ovarian Tumors: A Literature Review and Analysis of 871 Cases Treated at a Japanese Cancer Center
Authors: Yoshida Hiroshi , Tanaka Hiroki , Tsukada Takafumi , Abeto Naoko , Kobayashi-Kato Mayumi , Tanase Yasuhito , Uno Masaya , Ishikawa Mitsuya , Kato Tomoyasu 
Published: September 2020

Background This study examined the accuracy and pitfalls associated with frozen section diagnosis of primary ovarian tumors and ovarian metastases based on the 2014 World Health Organization classification (WHO) criteria and proposed improvements from a pathologist’s perspective. Methods We microscopically reviewed 871 cases of primary ovarian tumor (N = 802) and ovarian metastasis (N = 69) and compared the results of frozen sections with the final diagnosis. Malignant potential concordance (benign, borderline, or malignant) and specific discordant diagnosis rates were analyzed. Finally, we conducted a unique literature review of specific diagnostic errors in the frozen section diagnosis of primary ovarian tumors. Results Of 802 primary ovarian tumors, 50 (6.2%) cases showed discordant diagnoses in which mucinous carcinoma (40.5%), low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC; 31.3%), and mucinous borderline tumor (18.4%) were frequently misinterpreted. Of 69 ovarian metastases, all 4 cases of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) were misdiagnosed as primary ovarian mucinous tumor. A literature review revealed that mucinous/serous borderline tumor or carcinoma accounted for approximately 70% of 217 reported discordant diagnoses. Conclusion In the present study, the concordance rate of malignant potential of the tumor was comparable to that previously reported. Even in the 2014 WHO classification, primary ovarian mucinous borderline tumor/carcinoma and LGSC still comprised the majority of discordant cases. Grossing methods that reduce sampling error are required. LAMN was frequently misinterpreted as a benign or borderline ovarian mucinous tumor. To prevent this error, a differential algorithm integrating clinical information and gross findings should be developed.