bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of challenges, threats, and prospects in development of cities and towns in the Arctic zone
Authors: Kozin M , Skotarenko O , Plotnikov V 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The article suggests a way of tackling one of the crucial issues, namely using a novel research framework in management of territorial processes based on the qualimetric methodological approach. The goal of the study is to identify major limitations, challenges, and threats occurring during economic development of Arctic territories on the basis of an analysis of socioeconomic development and to suggest, on this basis, prospective areas of economic practices and development in the Arctic. The study is based on a systemic methodological approach to assessment of factors in economic practices in Arctic territories, a concept and methodology of sustainable development, methods of comparative (interregional and international) analysis, institutional analysis and development. The article analyses the prerequisites for socioeconomic development of Arctic territories; identifies the factors, limitations, challenges, and threats for their sustainable development; contains a comparative analysis of national practices in economic exploration in the Arctic zone; describes the purposes of government regulation in those processes and their institutionalisation in economic policy; suggests prospective of economic development in the Arctic zone; provides recommendations for improvement in the aforesaid development. Conclusions and recommendations. The study has shown that, depending on the combination of natural, climatic, social, resource, environmental, and other factors characterising a particular territory within the Arctic, a specific model of institutional regulation in its development should be created and institutionalised. The study has identified and listed the challenges and threats in economic practices in the Arctic zone. Prospective areas in economic exploration have been proposed.
Precisely calibrated and spatially informed illumination for conventional fluorescence and improved PALM imaging applications
Authors: Mancebo Angel , DeMars Luke , Ertsgaard Christopher T , Puchner Elias M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Spatial light modulation using cost efficient digital micromirror devices (DMD) is finding broad applications in fluorescence microscopy due to the reduction of phototoxicity and bleaching and the ability to manipulate proteins in optogenetic experiments. However, precise illumination by DMDs and their application to single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) remained a challenge because of non-linear distortions between the DMD and camera coordinate systems caused by optical components in the excitation and emission path. Here we develop a fast and easy to implement calibration procedure that determines these distortions and matches the DMD and camera coordinate system with a precision below the optical diffraction limit. As a result, a region from a fluorescence image can be selected with a higher precision for illumination compared to a rigid transformation allowed by manual alignment of the DMD. We first demonstrate the application of our precisely calibrated light modulation by performing a proof of concept fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiment with the endoplasmic reticulum-localized protein IRE1 fused to GFP in budding yeast (S. cerevisiae). Next, we develop a spatially informed photoactivation approach for SMLM in which only regions of the cell that contain photoactivatable fluorescent proteins are selected for photoactivation. The reduced exposure of the cells to 405 nm light increased the possible imaging time by 44% until phototoxic effects cause a dominant fluorescence background and a change in cell morphology. As a result, the mean number of reliable single-molecule localizations was also significantly increased by 28%. Since the localization precision and the ability for single-molecule tracking is not altered compared to traditional photoactivation of the entire field of view, spatially informed photoactivation significantly improves the quality of SMLM images and single-molecule tracking data. Our precise calibration method therefore lays the foundation for improved SMLM with active feedback photoactivation far beyond the applications in this work.
Synthesis of LaMnO3-reduced graphene oxide or Sr composite and their application in electrochemical properties
Authors: Peng Chen , Yanyue Liu , Yuanyuan Jiao , Haiyan Wang , Zijiong Li 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Perovskite structural metal oxides as electrode materials present promising and potential properties due to excellent storage characteristics. Herein, series of perovskite type LaMnO3 nanopowders were synthesized by the ‘sol-gel’ method with a heat treatment at different temperatures (700 °C–900 °C) for different times. The morphology characterization, structures and electrochemical performances were investigated. The preferable sample for electrochemical energy storage device can be obtained at 900 °C with 2 h annealing. Furthermore, to improve the properties of the electrode materials, the samples were combined and rectified with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and strontium (Sr), respectively. The results indicate that the rGO/Sr-doped LaMnO3 oxide materials have excellent electrochemical properties. These findings are beneficial for the selection and preparation of electrode materials.
Attosecond timing of the dynamical Franz–Keldysh effect
Authors: Lucchini M , Sato S A , Schlaepfer F , Yabana K , Gallmann L , Rubio A , Keller U 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
To what extent do intra- or inter-band transitions dominate the optical response of dielectrics when pumped by a few-cycle near-infrared transient electric field? In order to find an answer to this question we investigate the dynamical Franz–Keldysh effect in polycrystalline diamond and discuss in detail the attosecond delay of the induced electron dynamics with regard to the driving transient electric field while the peak intensity is varied between 1 × 1012 and 10 × 1012 W cm−2. We found that the main oscillating feature in transient absorption at 43 eV is in phase with the electric field of the pump, to within 49 ± 78 as. However, the phase delay shows a slightly asymmetric V-shaped linear energy dispersion with a rate of about 200 as eV–1. Theoretical calculations within the dipole approximation reproduce the data and allow us to conclude that intra-band motion dominates under our experimental conditions.
On the 𝐿_{𝑝}-boundedness of the stochastic singular integral operators and its application to 𝐿_{𝑝}-regularity theory of stochastic partial differential equations
Authors: Kim Ildoo , Kim Kyeong-Hun 
Published: January 2020

In this article we introduce a stochastic counterpart of the Hörmander condition and Calderón-Zygmund theorem. Let

W
t

W_t

be a Wiener process in a probability space

Ω
\Omega

and let

K
(
ω
,
r
,
t
,
x
,
y
)

K(\omega ,r,t,x,y)

be a random kernel which is allowed to be stochastically singular in a domain

O

⊂

R

d

\mathcal {O} \subset \mathbf {R}^d

in the sense that

E

|

∫
0

t

∫

|

x
−
y

|

>
ε

|

K
(
ω
,
s
,
t
,
y
,
x
)

|

d
y
d

W
s

|

p

=
∞

∀

t
,
p
,
ε
>
0
,

x
∈

O

.

\begin{equation*} \mathbb {E} \left |\int _0^{t} \int _{|x-y|>\varepsilon }|K(\omega , s, t,y,x)|dy dW_s\right |^p = \infty \quad \forall \, t, p,\varepsilon >0,\, x\in \mathcal {O}. \end{equation*}

We prove that the stochastic integral operator of the type

T

g
(
t
,
x
)

≔

∫
0

t

∫

O

K
(
ω
,
s
,
t
,
y
,
x
)
g
(
s
,
y
)
d
y
d

W
s

\begin{align} \mathbb {T} g(t,x) \coloneq \int _0^{t} \int _{\mathcal {O}} K(\omega ,s,t,y,x) g(s,y)dy dW_s \end{align}

is bounded on

L

p

=

L
p

(
Ω
×
(
0
,
∞
)
;

L

p

(

O

)
)

\mathbb {L}_p=L_p \left (\Omega \times (0,\infty ); L_{p}(\mathcal {O}) \right )

for all

p
∈
[
2
,
∞
)

p \in [2,\infty )

if it is bounded on

L

2

\mathbb {L}_2

and the following (which we call stochastic Hörmander condition) holds: there exists a quasi-metric

ρ
\rho

on

(
0
,
∞
)
×

O

(0,\infty )\times \mathcal {O}

and a positive constant

C
0

C_0

such that for

X
=
(
t
,
x
)
,
Y
=
(
s
,
y
)
,
Z
=
(
r
,
z
)
∈
(
0
,
∞
)
×

O

X=(t,x), Y=(s,y), Z=(r,z) \in (0,\infty ) \times \mathcal {O}

,

sup

ω
∈
Ω
,
X
,
Y

∫

0

∞

[

∫

ρ
(
X
,
Z
)
≥

C
0

ρ
(
X
,
Y
)

|

K
(
r
,
t
,
z
,
x
)
−
K
(
r
,
s
,
z
,
y
)

|

d
z
]

2

d
r
>
∞
.

\begin{equation*} \sup _{\omega \in \Omega ,X,Y}\int _{0}^\infty \left [ \int _{\rho (X,Z) \geq C_0 \rho (X,Y)} | K(r,t, z,x) - K(r,s, z,y)| ~dz\right ]^2 dr >\infty . \end{equation*}

Such a stochastic singular integral naturally appears when one proves the maximal regularity of solutions to stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs). As applications, we obtain the sharp

L
p

L_p

-regularity result for a wide class of SPDEs, which includes SPDEs with time measurable pseudo-differential operators and SPDEs defined on non-smooth angular domains.
Automorphisms of Hilbert schemes of points on surfaces
Authors: Belmans Pieter , Oberdieck Georg , Rennemo Jørgen 
Published: January 2020

We show that every automorphism of the Hilbert scheme ofnnpoints on a weak Fano or general type surface is natural, i.e., induced by an automorphism of the surface, unless the surface is a product of curves andn=2n=2. In the exceptional case there exists a unique nonnatural automorphism. More generally, we prove that any isomorphism between Hilbert schemes of points on smooth projective surfaces, where one of the surfaces is weak Fano or of general type and not equal to the product of curves, is natural. We also show that every automorphism of the Hilbert scheme of22points onPn\mathbb {P}^nis natural.
Incidence of Obstetric Lacerations and Episiotomy Following Labiaplasty
Authors: Kearney Aaron M , Turin Sergey Y , Placik Otto J , Wattanasupachoke Laura 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
A significant proportion of patients seeking labiaplasty are nulliparous and may experience later changes to their labia following vaginal delivery.

Objectives
In the present study, the authors reported the long-term outcomes of a single surgeon’s patient cohort who had vaginal delivery after labiaplasty.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of the senior author’s database was conducted. All patients who underwent in-office labiaplasty from 2007 to 2018 were surveyed. The resulting cohort was stratified into patients who had delivered children prior to labiaplasty and those who delivered after labiaplasty.

Results
A total of 204 patients responded to a phone survey. Seventy patients had children prior to undergoing labiaplasty, and 33 had children after labiaplasty. The rate of vaginal delivery was lower in the women who had children before labiaplasty (82.6% vs 91.8%, P = 0.015). The tear/episiotomy rate for vaginal deliveries was lower in women who had children prior to labiaplasty compared with after labiaplasty (3.1% vs 17.8%, P &lt; 0.001). Among the women who had children only after labiaplasty, the reported tear/episiotomy rate was 7/39 vaginal deliveries (17.9%).

Conclusion
Patients in our cohort had over 90% success with vaginal deliveries after labiaplasty. For nulliparous patients contemplating the procedure, the data we present suggest the risk of episiotomy or vaginal tear risk with vaginal birth after labiaplasty is comparable with or lower than the general population, further supporting the safety of this procedure. For patients with previous delivery, the data are more limited but suggest no increased risk in this small cohort.

Level of Evidence: 4
Mother-offspring conflict for water and its mitigation in the oviparous form of the reproductively bimodal lizard, Zootoca vivipara
Authors: Dupoué Andréaz , Sorlin Mahaut , Richard Murielle , Le Galliard Jean François , Lourdais Olivier , Clobert Jean , Aubret Fabien 
Published: January 2020

AbstractParent-offspring conflicts are widespread given that resources are often limited. Recent evidence has shown that availability of water can trigger such conflict during pregnancy in viviparous squamate species (lizards and snakes) and thus questions the role of water in the evolution of reproductive modes. Here, we examined the impact of water restriction during gravidity in the oviparous form of the bimodal common lizard (Zootoca vivipara), using a protocol previously used on the viviparous form. Females were captured in early gravidity from six populations along a 600 m altitudinal gradient to investigate whether environmental conditions (altitude, water access and temperature) exacerbate responses to water restriction. Females were significantly dehydrated after water restriction, irrespective of their reproductive status (gravid vs. non-reproductive), relative reproductive effort (relative clutch mass), and treatment timing (embryonic development stage). Female dehydration, together with reproductive performance, varied with altitude, probably due to long term acclimation or local adaptation. This moderate water-based intergenerational conflict in gravid females contrasts sharply with previous findings for the viviparous form, with implications to the evolutionary reversion from viviparity to oviparity. It is likely that oviparity constitutes a water-saving reproductive mode which might help mitigate intensive temperature-driven population extinctions at low altitudes.
Impact of malnutrition in the embolic–haemorrhagic trade-off of elderly patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Raposeiras-Roubín Sergio , Abu-Assi Emad , Paz Rafael Cobas , Rosselló Xavier , Barreiro Pardal Cristina , Piñón Esteban Miguel , Pascual Carlos Rodriguez , García Comesaña Julio , González-Carrero López Alberto , Caneiro-Queija Berenice , Cespón-Fernández María , Muñoz-Pousa Isabel , Domínguez-Erquicia Pablo , Domínguez-Rodríguez Luis Manuel , Carpintero Alberto , García Enrique , Ibáñez Borja , Iñíguez-Romo Andrés 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Aims
Nutrition is an important determinant of health above the age of 80 years. Malnutrition in the elderly is often underdiagnosed. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence and prognostic value of malnutrition in patients ≥80 years old with atrial fibrillation (AF) with and without anticoagulant therapy.

Methods and results
We assessed the nutritional status of 4724 octogenarian patients with diagnoses of AF in a single centre from Spain between 2014 and 2017 with the CONUT score. Malnutrition was confirmed in 2036 patients (43.1%). Anticoagulation prescription was more frequent in patients with good nutrition than in those malnourished (79.5% vs. 71.7%, P &lt; 0.001). The impact of malnutrition on mortality was evaluated by Cox regression, whereas its association with ischaemic stroke and major bleeding was studied through competing risk analysis. After multivariate adjusting, malnutrition was associated with mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–1.49], stroke [sub-distribution HR (sHR) 1.37, 95% CI 1.10–1.69], and major bleeding (sHR 1.29, 95% CI 1.02–1.64). In anticoagulated patients, the embolic–haemorrhagic trade-off event was virtually neutral for those who had normal nutritional status [average daily rates (ADRs) for stroke and bleeding: 4.70 and 4.69 per 100 000 patients/day, respectively; difference = +0.01 per 100 000 patients/day; P = 0.99] and negative for those with malnutrition (ADR for stroke and bleeding: 5.38 and 7.61 per 100 000 patients/day, respectively; difference = −2.23 per 100 000 patients/day; P = 0.07).

Conclusion
Malnutrition is very common in octogenarian patients with AF, being a clinical predictor for poor prognosis. For anticoagulated patients, malnutrition was associated with a negative embolic–haemorrhagic balance.
Prevalence and significance of fragmented QRS complex in lead V1 on the surface electrocardiogram of healthy athletes
Authors: Ollitrault Pierre , Pellissier Arnaud , Champ-Rigot Laure , Junqua Nicolas , Chequel Mathieu , Reboursiere Emmanuel , Saloux Éric , Milliez Paul , Hodzic Amir 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Aims
Limited data exist concerning fragmented QRS complexes (fQRSs) on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) of apparently healthy athletes. We aimed to study the prevalence and significance of fQRS in lead V1 (fQRSV1), representing right ventricular (RV) activation, regarding training-induced RV morphological remodelling.

Methods and results
Between January 2017 and August 2019, 434 consecutive non-sedentary subjects underwent preparticipation cardiovascular screening, including a 12-lead ECG. Three hundred and ninety-three apparently healthy subjects were included, 119 of them were athletes (defined as performing ≥8 h/week for the last 6 months) and 274 were non-athletes. All athletes underwent two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography. Fragmented QRS complex in lead V1 pattern was defined as a narrow (&lt;120 ms) and quadriphasic QRS complex in lead V1. Fragmented QRS complex in lead V1 was more frequent in athletes compared with non-athletes (22% vs. 5.1%, P &lt; 0.001) and was independently associated with the athlete status [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.693, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.299—9.583; P &lt; 0.001], the endurance category (aOR = 2.522, 95% CI 1.176—5.408; P = 0.017), and age (aOR = 0.962, 95% CI 0.934–0.989; P = 0.007) in multivariate analysis. In the subgroup of athletes, fQRSV1 was independently associated with mean RV outflow tract diameter (aOR = 1.458, 95% CI 1.105–1.923; P = 0.008) and age (aOR = 0.941, 95% CI 0.894–0.989; P = 0.017) in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion
Fragmented QRS complex in lead V1 is a newly described, frequent, ECG pattern in young and apparently healthy athletes and is associated with training-induced RV remodelling.
Development and Application of Mass Spectroscopy Assays for Nε-(1-Carboxymethyl)-L-Lysine and Pentosidine in Renal Failure and Diabetes
Authors: O’Grady Katherine L , Khosla Sundeep , Farr Joshua N , Bondar Olga P , Atkinson Elizabeth J , Achenbach Sara J , Eckhardt Brittany A , Thicke Brianne S , Tweed Amanda J , Volkman Tammie L , Drake Matthew T , Hines Jolaine M , Singh Ravinder J 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed via the nonenzymatic glycation of sugars with amino acids. Two AGEs, Nε-(1-carboxymethyl)-L-Lysine (CML) and pentosidine, have been observed to be elevated in subjects suffering from a multitude of chronic disease states, and accumulation of these compounds may be related to the pathophysiology of disease progression and aging.MethodsWe describe here the development and validation of a specific and reproducible LC-MS/MS method to quantify CML and pentosidine in human serum with lower limits of quantitation of 75 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL, respectively. The analyte calibration curve exhibited excellent linearity at a range of 0–10 900 ng/mL for CML and 0–800 ng/mL for pentosidine. High-low linearity of 5 serum pairs was assessed, with a mean recovery of 103% (range 94—116%) for CML, and 104% (range 97—116%) for pentosidine.ResultsSerum concentrations of CML and pentosidine were quantified in 30 control and 30 subjects with chronic renal insufficiency. A significant increase in both analytes was observed in renal failure compared to control subjects (2.1-fold and 8.4-fold, respectively; P &lt; 0.001 for both). In a separate cohort of 49 control versus 95 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), serum CML but not serum pentosidine, was significantly elevated in the T2DM patients, and CML was also correlated with glycemic control, as assessed by hemoglobin A1c (r = 0.34, P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsThese mass spectroscopy-based assays for serum CML and pentosidine should be useful in accurately evaluating circulating levels of these key AGEs in various disease states.
High-performance practical stiffness analysis of high-rise buildings using superfloor elements
Authors: Torky Ahmed A , Rashed Youssef F 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study develops a high-performance computing method using OpenACC (Open Accelerator) for the stiffness matrix and load vector generation of shear-deformable plates in bending using the boundary element method on parallel processors. The boundary element formulation for plates in bending is used to derive fully populated displacement-based stiffness matrices and load vectors at degrees of freedom of interest. The computed stiffness matrix of the plate is defined as a single superfloor element and can be solved using stiffness analysis, $Ku = F$, instead of the conventional boundary element method, $Hu = Gt$. Fortran OpenACC code implementations are proposed for the computation of the superfloor element’s stiffness, which includes one serial computing code for the CPU (central processing unit) and two parallel computing codes for the GPU (graphics processing unit) and multicore CPU. As industrial level practical floors are full of supports and geometrical information, the computation time of superfloor elements is reduced dramatically when computing on parallel processors. It is demonstrated that the OpenACC implementation does not affect numerical accuracy. The feasibility and accuracy are confirmed by numerical examples that include real buildings with industrial level structural floors. Engineering computations for massive floors with immense geometrical detail and a multitude of load cases can be modeled as is without the need for simplification.
Mr Eliot’s Christmas Morning Service: Participation, Good Will, and Humility in Murder in the Cathedral
Authors: de Villiers Rick 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Despite the coy designation of ‘Interlude’, the sermon in T.S. Eliot’s Murder in the Cathedral presents a nexus of tension. On the one hand, it constitutes a crucial dramatic component of a play that balances on the knife-edge between pride and humility. On the other hand, it retraces certain theological assimilations found elsewhere in Eliot’s writing which collectively shape his understanding of Christian humility and good will. In circling around recurring phrases and influences, this article traces a conceptual genealogy behind the play’s sermon and offers a revaluation of Murder in the Cathedral as the creative culmination of Eliot’s ongoing engagement with secular humanism.
Identifying new X-ray binary candidates in M31 using random forest classification
Authors: Arnason R M , Barmby P , Vulic N 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Identifying X-ray binary (XRB) candidates in nearby galaxies requires distinguishing them from possible contaminants including foreground stars and background active galactic nuclei. This work investigates the use of supervised machine learning algorithms to identify high-probability XRB candidates. Using a catalogue of 943 Chandra X-ray sources in the Andromeda galaxy, we trained and tested several classification algorithms using the X-ray properties of 163 sources with previously known types. Amongst the algorithms tested, we find that random forest classifiers give the best performance and work better in a binary classification (XRB/non-XRB) context compared to the use of multiple classes. Evaluating our method by comparing with classifications from visible-light and hard X-ray observations as part of the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury, we find compatibility at the 90 per cent level, although we caution that the number of source in common is rather small. The estimated probability that an object is an XRB agrees well between the random forest binary and multiclass approaches and we find that the classifications with the highest confidence are in the XRB class. The most discriminating X-ray bands for classification are the 1.7–2.8, 0.5–1.0, 2.0–4.0, and 2.0–7.0 keV photon flux ratios. Of the 780 unclassified sources in the Andromeda catalogue, we identify 16 new high-probability XRB candidates and tabulate their properties for follow-up.