bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulfur–doped Graphene as an Efficient Metal–free Carbocatalyst for the Synthesis of 1,5–Benzodiazepines Derivatives
Authors: Jafari‐Chermahini Mohammad Taqi , Tavakol Hossein , Salvenmoser Willi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe graphene was doped by introducing atomized sulfur gas flow as sulfur source and acetylene as carbon source at 800 °C in chemical vapor deposition on copper foil. FE‐SEM, TGA, XPS and Raman tests were used to investigate the morphology, thermal behavior and surface properties of the synthesized graphene. A novel, facile and efficient methodology for the synthesis of 1,5–benzodiazepines by the reaction of chalcone with 1,2–phenylenediamine with the mediation of sulfur–doped graphene is described. This method is simple, efficient, environmentally benign, free of toxic catalysts, cost‐effective and has good yields for the formation of these seven‐membered heterocycles.
Responses of lake phytoplankton communities to changing inorganic nitrogen supply forms
Authors: Trommer Gabriele , Poxleitner Monika , Stibor Herwig 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA shift has been predicted in future nitrogen emission scenarios from nitrous oxide to higher proportions of ammonium compounds. To investigate the interaction between increasing nitrogen load and varying nitrate:ammonium ratios (NO3−:NH4+), we performed a mesocosm experiment in an oligotrophic lake in southern Germany. We fertilized mesocosms with both roughly natural and four times the natural nitrogen wet deposition amounts in molar NO3−:NH4+ratios of 4:1 and 1:4. We observed greater phytoplankton biomass in treatments with a relatively higher ammonium supply, but not in those with nitrate and total nitrogen load. Ammonium significantly increased the total chlorophyllaconcentrations, and especially the growth of small nanophytoplankton species. The effects observed indicate that NH4+was taken up preferentially and that spring phytoplankton in oligotrophic lakes appear to be able to respond to variations in nitrogen forms (available NO3−:NH4+ratios) by adjusting their community composition. Such communal changes at the base of the food web may affect higher trophic levels. Therefore, the effects of varying available forms of nitrogen should also be considered in primarily phosphorus-limited aquatic systems.
Relationship Between the Waiting Times for Surgery and Survival in Patients with Gastric Cancer
Authors: Kumazu Yuta , Oba Koji , Hayashi Tsutomu , Yamada Takanobu , Hara Kentaro , Osakabe Hiroaki , Shimoda Yota , Nakazono Masato , Nagasawa Shinsuke , Rino Yasushi , Masuda Munetaka , Ogata Takashi , Yoshikawa Takaki , Oshima Takashi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundSurgery for gastric cancer should be performed as soon as possible after diagnosis. However, sometimes the waiting time for surgery tends to be longer. The relation between the waiting time for surgery and survival in patients with gastric cancer remains to be fully investigated.MethodsThis retrospective, single‐center cohort study evaluated patients with gastric cancer who underwent curative surgery from 2006 through 2012 at Kanagawa Cancer Center in Japan. Patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. The waiting time for surgery was defined as the time between the first visit and surgery. We investigated whether the waiting time for surgery has a linear negative impact on outcomes by using a Cox regression model with clinical prognostic factors.ResultsIn total, 801 patients were eligible. The median waiting time was 45 days (range 10–269 days). The restricted cubic spline regression curve showed that the adjusted time‐specific hazard ratios of waiting times did not indicate a linear negative trend on survival between 20 and 100 days (p = 0.759). In the Cox model with a quartile of waiting times, waiting times in the 32–44‐day group, 43–62‐day group, and ≥63 day groups were not associated with poorer overall survival as compared with the ≤31 day group (HR: 1.01, 95% CI 0.63–1.60, p = 0.984, HR: 1.17, 95% CI 0.70–1.94, p = 0.550, HR: 1.06, 95% CI 0.60–1.88, p = 0.831, respectively).ConclusionsThere was no negative relation between the waiting time for surgery (within 100 days) and survival in patients with gastric cancer.
Decomposing East-Asian winter temperature and monsoonal circulation changes using timeslice experiments
Authors: Ren Hong-Li , Huang Yu , Chadwick Rob , Deng Yi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBased on a set of pilot atmosphere-only experiments from the Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CFMIP-3), in this study, the winter surface air temperature (SAT) and monsoonal circulation changes in East Asia as a response to the 4 × CO2 forcing in coupled model are decomposed into the four parts in terms of the responses to the uniform SST warming, 4 × CO2 radiative effect, SST pattern changes, and plant physiological effect. The uniform SST warming presents the most significant influence on the increase of SAT change, which strengthens the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) circulation. The CO2 radiative effect can also induce the SAT increase over East Asia but with a magnitude smaller compared to the uniform SST warming, in which more warming is in land than ocean and the EAWM circulation could be weakened consequently due to the decreased land–sea thermal contrast in response to the CO2 radiative effect. The SAT changes in response to the SST pattern change show inconsistencies over the eastern and southern parts of East Asia between the two models, associated with the large difference for EAWM circulation changes, indicating that the SST pattern change could be the primary source of inter-model uncertainties in the East-Asian SAT change. As for the influence of plant physiological effect, it could generate a SAT rise in many highly vegetated regions. Further analyses for different areas show that both the uniform SST warming and CO2 radiative effects could induce more intense SAT increase in northern East Asia, while the plant physiological effect has a more significant influence on that in southern/eastern part of East Asia.
10-Day structured initiation protocol from multiple daily injection to hybrid closed-loop system in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Petrovski Goran , Al Khalaf Fawziya , Campbell Judith , Fisher Hannah , Umer Fareeda , Hussain Khalid 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the 10-day initiation protocol for MiniMed 670G hybrid closed-loop (HCL) system in individuals with type 1 diabetes on multiple daily injection (MDI) in achieving desirable glycemic control.

Methods
An open-label single-arm, single-center, clinical investigation in children aged 7–18 years on MDI following a structured protocol: 2 days, HCL system assessment; 5 days, HCL system training (2-h sessions on 5 consecutive days with groups of 3–5 participants and families); 3 days, Manual Mode use of HCL system; 84 days, Auto Mode use of the HCL system, cumulating in 10 days from MDI to Auto Mode activation.

Results
A total of 30 children (age 10.24 ± 2.6 years) were enrolled in the study, and all completed the planned 84 days on Auto Mode. The participants used the sensor for a median of 92% of the time and spent a median of 89% in Auto Mode. The mean HbA1c decreased from 8.2 ± 1.4% (66 ± 15.3 mmol/mol) at baseline to 6.7 ± 0.5% (50 ± 5.5 mmol/mol) at the end of the study (p = 0.017). Time in range (70–180 mg/dL) increased from 46.9 ± 18.5% at baseline to 75.6 ± 6.9% in Auto Mode (p < 0.001). This was achieved while spending 2.8% of the time below 70 mg/dL and without any severe hypoglycemia or DKA.

Conclusion
Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes on MDI therapy can successfully initiate the HCL system, using a concise structured 10-day protocol.
Impact on granular bed: validation of discrete element modeling results by means of two-dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Marzulli Valentina , Torres Cisneros Luis Armando , di Lernia Annamaria , Windows-Yule Christopher Robert Kit , Cafaro Francesco , Pöschel Thorsten 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe study of processes characterized by impulsive nature (i.e. impacts) can be considered of great interest in both physics and engineering disciplines: in the geotechnical field, for instance, their effect on the interaction between soil and structures need to be investigated. The present work aims at the validation, by means of two-dimensional finite element simulations, of a methodology of force calibration which uses results obtained from three-dimensional discrete element analysis for predicting the stress at the base of a granular bed, retained by a movable wall, arising when the system is hit by a projectile. To approach this problem, the low-velocity impact has been modeled as a punctual impulsive force on a granular packing.
Executive Functioning in 60+ Autistic Males: The Discrepancy Between Experienced Challenges and Cognitive Performance
Authors: Geurts Hilde M. , Pol S. E. , Lobbestael J. , Simons Claudia J. P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs executive functioning (EF) is especially sensitive to age-related cognitive decline, EF was evaluated by using a multi-method assessment. Fifty males (60–85 years) with a late adulthood autism spectrum condition (ASC) diagnosis and 51 non-ASC males (60–83 years) were compared on cognitive tests across EF domains (cognitive flexibility, planning, processing speed, and working memory) and a self- and proxy report of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version. While no objective performance differences emerged, autistic males and their proxies did report more EF challenges than non-ASC males on the subjective measure. In order to know how to support the older autistic men who received their ASC diagnosis in late adulthood with their daily life EF challenges, it is important to understand what underlies these subjective EF problems.
Sample Paths Estimates for Stochastic Fast-Slow Systems Driven by Fractional Brownian Motion
Authors: Eichinger Katharina , Kuehn Christian , Neamţu Alexandra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe analyze the effect of additive fractional noise with Hurst parameter$$H > {1}/{2}$$H>1/2on fast-slow systems. Our strategy is based on sample paths estimates, similar to the approach by Berglund and Gentz in the Brownian motion case. Yet, the setting of fractional Brownian motion does not allow us to use the martingale methods from fast-slow systems with Brownian motion. We thoroughly investigate the case where the deterministic system permits a uniformly hyperbolic stable slow manifold. In this setting, we provide a neighborhood, tailored to the fast-slow structure of the system, that contains the process with high probability. We prove this assertion by providing exponential error estimates on the probability that the system leaves this neighborhood. We also illustrate our results in an example arising in climate modeling, where time-correlated noise processes have become of greater relevance recently.
Postoperative oscillatory brain activity as an add-on prognostic marker in diffuse glioma
Authors: Belgers Vera , Numan Tianne , Kulik Shanna D. , Hillebrand Arjan , de Witt Hamer Philip C. , Geurts Jeroen J. G. , Reijneveld Jaap C. , Wesseling Pieter , Klein Martin , Derks Jolanda , Douw Linda 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Progression-free survival (PFS) in glioma patients varies widely, even when stratifying for known predictors (i.e. age, molecular tumor subtype, presence of epilepsy, tumor grade and Karnofsky performance status). Neuronal activity has been shown to accelerate tumor growth in an animal model, suggesting that brain activity may be valuable as a PFS predictor. We investigated whether postoperative oscillatory brain activity, assessed by resting-state magnetoencephalography is of additional value when predicting PFS in glioma patients.

Methods
We included 27 patients with grade II–IV gliomas. Each patient’s oscillatory brain activity was estimated by calculating broadband power (0.5–48 Hz) in 56 epochs of 3.27 s and averaged over 78 cortical regions of the Automated Anatomical Labeling atlas. Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed to test the predictive value of broadband power towards PFS, adjusting for known predictors by backward elimination.

Results
Higher broadband power predicted shorter PFS after adjusting for known prognostic factors (n = 27; HR 2.56 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–5.70); p = 0.022). Post-hoc univariate analysis showed that higher broadband power also predicted shorter overall survival (OS; n = 38; HR 1.88 (95% CI 1.00–3.54); p = 0.038).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that postoperative broadband power is of additional value in predicting PFS beyond already known predictors.
Advancing ecological risk assessment on genetically engineered breeding stacks with combined insect-resistance traits
Authors: McDonald Justin , Burns Andrea , Raybould Alan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo inform the ecological risk assessment (ERA) of a transgenic crop with multiple insecticidal traits combined by conventional breeding (breeding stack), a comparative field study is customarily conducted to compare transgenic protein concentrations in a breeding stack to those in corresponding component single events used in the breeding process. This study tests the hypothesis that transgenic protein expression will not significantly increase due to stacking, such that existing margins of exposure erode to unacceptable levels. Corroboration of this hypothesis allows for the use of existing non-target organism (NTO) effects tests results, where doses were based on the estimated environmental concentrations determined for a component single event. Results from over 20 studies comparing expression profiles of insecticidal proteins produced by commercial events in various combinations of conventionally-bred stacks were examined to evaluate applying previously determined no-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs) to stack ERAs. This paper presents a large number of tests corroborating the hypothesis of no significant increase in insecticidal protein expression due to combination by conventional breeding, and much of the variation in protein expression is likely attributed to genetic and environmental factors. All transgenic protein concentrations were well within conservative margins between exposure and corresponding NOEC. This work supports the conclusion that protein expression data generated for single events and the conservative manner for setting NTO effects test concentrations allows for the transportability of existing NOECs to the ERA of conventionally-bred stacks, and that future tests of the stated hypothesis are no longer critically informative for ERA on breeding stacks.
Network Analysis for Complex Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Manzoni Claudia , Lewis Patrick A. , Ferrari Raffaele 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Biomedicine is witnessing a paradigm shift in the way complex disorders are investigated. In particular, the need for big data interpretation has led to the development of pipelines that require the cooperation of different fields of expertise, including medicine, functional biology, informatics, mathematics and systems biology. This review sits at the crossroad of different disciplines and surveys the recent developments in the use of graph theory (in the form of network analysis) to interpret large and different datasets in the context of complex neurodegenerative diseases. It aims at a professional audience with different backgrounds.

Recent Findings
Biomedicine has entered the era of big data, and this is actively changing the way we approach and perform research. The increase in size and power of biomedical studies has led to the establishment of multi-centre, international working groups coordinating open access platforms for data generation, storage and analysis. Particularly, pipelines for data interpretation are under development, and network analysis is gaining momentum since it represents a versatile approach to study complex systems made of interconnected multiple players.

Summary
We will describe the era of big data in biomedicine and survey the major freely accessible multi-omics datasets. We will then introduce the principles of graph theory and provide examples of network analysis applied to the interpretation of complex neurodegenerative disorders.
Newly Design Porous/Sponge Red Phosphorus@Graphene and Highly Conductive Ni2P Electrode for Asymmetric Solid State Supercapacitive Device With Excellent Performance
Authors: Parveen Nazish , Hilal Muhammad , Han Jeong In 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSupercapacitors have attracted much attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage. However, material preparation, stability, performance as well as power density limit their applications in many fields. Herein, a sponge-like red phosphorus@graphene (rP@rGO) negative electrode and a Ni2P positive electrode were prepared using a simple one-step method. Both electrodes showed excellent performances (294 F g−1 and 1526.6 F g−1 for rP@rGO and Ni2P, respectively), which seem to be the highest among all rP@rGO- and Ni2P-based electrodes reported so far. The asymmetric solid-state supercapacitor was assembled by sandwiching a gel electrolyte-soaked cellulose paper between rP@rGO and Ni2P as the negative and positive electrodes. Compared to other asymmetric devices, the device, which attained a high operating window of up to 1.6 V, showed high energy and power density values of 41.66 and 1200 W kg−1, respectively. It also has an excellent cyclic stability up to 88% after various consecutive charge/discharge tests. Additionally, the device could power commercial light emitting diodes and fans for 30 s. So, the ease of the synthesis method and excellent performance of the prepared electrode materials mat have significant potential for energy storage applications.
Numerical investigation of optimized piled raft foundation for high-rise building in Germany
Authors: Abdel-Azim O. A. , Abdel-Rahman K. , El-Mossallamy Y. M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPiled rafts have been used as a foundation system for high-rise buildings worldwide in different soil conditions, e.g., in soft to stiff clay as well as in medium-to-dense sand. Piled raft is currently used not only to control the foundation settlement but also to minimize the required raft thickness to reach the most optimized foundation design. The purpose of this study is to investigate the behavior of piled raft as a foundation system for Frankfurt over-consolidated clay based on the well-monitored Messeturm building in Germany. The numerical tool used in analysis is Plaxis 3D finite element software with hardening soil material model. The piled raft foundation behavior will be evaluated based on the total settlement, differential settlement and the pile skin friction. Based on this study, it was found that the chosen foundation system “plied raft foundation” for Messeturm was an optimized solution for the proposed building.
The era of clinical application of gene diagnosis in cardiovascular diseases is coming
Authors: Zou Yu‐Bao , Hui Ru‐Tai , Song Lei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGene diagnosis refers to the use of genetic testing in the diagnosis of inheritable conditions, which has gradually been applied in clinical practice with the completion of the gene sequencing efforts of the Human Genome Project and the advancement of gene detection technology. In the specialty field of cardiology, monogenic cardiovascular diseases are defined as monogenic inherited diseases with cardiovascular damage as the only phenotype, or accompanied by cardiovascular damage. Although the incidence of such diseases is relatively low, in the country of China with its vast population of 1.33 billion, the sheer volume of patients with monogenic cardiovascular diseases is alarming. With early onset, severe symptoms, and poor prognosis, delays in diagnosis and treatment of monogenic cardiovascular diseases often have serious consequences. Gene testing is perfectly suited for early diagnosis of monogenic cardiovascular diseases, especially for “pre‐symptomatic” diagnosis. In this article, we generally review the characteristics of common monogenic cardiovascular diseases, summarize the progress of the standardized application of gene testing technology in clinical practice, describe the applicable population and condition of genetic testing for different monogenic cardiovascular diseases, analyze the practicality of genetic diagnosis of these inheritable conditions, and provide guidance on identifying suitable candidates for gene diagnosis. In conclusion, gene diagnosis provides new insights into the way physicians diagnose diseases, and is well‐positioned to guide clinical decision making and treatment, especially in cardiology.
Cracks Interaction in a Pre-Stressed and Pre-Polarized Piezoelectric Material
Authors: Craciun E.M. , Rabaea A. , Das S. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTWe formulate and solve the mathematical problem for antiplane cracks in a pre-stressed and pre-polarized piezoelectric material with static initial fields, assuming the initially deformed configuration of the body is locally stable. Using the boundary conditions of antiplane cracks, we get the Riemann-Hilbert problems. Nonhomogeneous linear complex differential equations having the unknown complex potential are obtained. For constant value of the applied incremental forces can be obtained the complex potentials, incremental displacement and stress fields corresponding to the third mode of the classical fracture. The problem of interaction of two collinear, unequal cracks in a pre-stressed and pre-polarized piezoelectric material, is also studied.
Calculation of Stress Intensity Factor using Displacement Extrapolation Method in Peridynamic Framework
Authors: Zhu N. , Oterkus E. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces a new approach to calculate stress intensity factors based on a combination of Displacement Extrapolation Method and Peridynamic Theory. After obtaining the displacement field from Peridynamic Theory, by appropriately selecting nodes at the crack tip region and their displacements yield stress intensity factors at the crack tips. To demonstrate the capability of the proposed approach, three different benchmark problems are considered including plate with a central crack, plate with an edge crack and plate with a slanted crack. Results evaluated from the current approach are compared against analytical and finite element analysis results, and good agreement is obtained between three different approaches. This shows that coupled Displacement Extrapolation Method and Peridynamic Theory approach can be an alternative method to calculate stress intensity factors.