bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuraxial anesthesia is associated with improved survival after total joint arthroplasty depending on frailty: a cohort study
Authors: Johnson Rebecca L , Frank Ryan D , Habermann Elizabeth B , Chamberlain Alanna M , Abdel Matthew P , Schroeder Darrell R , Mantilla Carlos B 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundFrailty increases risk for complications after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Whether this association is influenced by anesthetic administered is unknown. We hypothesized that use of neuraxial (spinal or epidural) anesthesia is associated with better outcomes compared with general anesthesia, and that the effect of anesthesia type on outcomes differs by frailty status.MethodsThis single-institution cohort study included all patients (≥50 years) from January 2005 through December 2016 undergoing unilateral, primary and revision TJA. Using multivariable Cox regression, we assessed relationships between anesthesia type, a preoperative frailty deficit index (FI) categorized as non-frail (FI <0.11), vulnerable (FI 0.11 to 0.20), and frail (FI >0.20), and complications (mortality, infection, wound complications/hematoma, reoperation, dislocation, and periprosthetic fracture) within 1 year after surgery. Interactions between anesthesia type and frailty were tested, and stratified models were presented when an interaction (p<0.1) was observed.ResultsAmong 18 458 patients undergoing TJA, more patients were classified as frail (21.5%) and vulnerable (36.2%) than non-frail (42.3%). Anesthesia type was not associated with complications after adjusting for age, joint, and revision type. However, in analyzes stratified by frailty, vulnerable patients under neuraxial block had less mortality (HR=0.49; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.89) and wound complications/hematoma (HR=0.71; 95% CI 0.55 to 0.90), whereas no difference in risk by anesthesia type was observed among patients found non-frail or frail.ConclusionsNeuraxial anesthesia use among vulnerable patients was associated with improved survival and less wound complications. Calculating preoperative frailty prior to TJA informs perioperative risk and enhances shared-decision making for selection of anesthesia type.
Effects of an 80% cigarette price increase on quit attempts, successful quitting and smoking intensity among Korean adult smokers: results from nationally representative longitudinal panel data
Authors: Lee Boram , Seo Dong-Chul 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesSouth Korea implemented an unprecedented cigarette tax increase in 2015, raising its cigarette price by 80%. This study evaluated the extent to which the 2015 cigarette tax increase affected Korean adult smokers in terms of quit attempts, successful quitting and smoking intensity.MethodsData were drawn from a nationally representative longitudinal study, the Korean Welfare Panel Study (waves 9–12, 2014–2017). Korean adults who smoked before the 2015 cigarette tax increase comprised the sample (n=2114). We used the multiple logistic regressions to examine factors of quit attempts and successful quitting and the generalised estimating equations to estimate changes in smoking intensity among continued smokers.ResultsAfter the cigarette tax increase, 60.9% (n=1334) of baseline smokers attempted to quit and 34.7% of the attempters succeeded in quitting. The smokers aged
≥
65 years and light smokers both attempted more (p<0.01) and succeeded more (p<0.05) in quitting than smokers aged 35–44 years and heavy smokers, respectively. The successful quitting was not significantly associated with income levels. Depressive symptoms, first cigarette use before age 19 and smoking a pack or more a day at baseline were associated with failures in quitting. Smoking intensity among continued smokers decreased after the cigarette tax increase (p<0.001), but such a decrease was not observed in light smokers, young smokers and high-income smokers.ConclusionThe current study findings imply that the Korean government may consider implementing periodic increases in cigarette tax which should reflect the rate of inflation and income growth. Smoking cessation programmes need to address depressive symptoms.
Localization of Elko spinor fields in tachyonic de Sitter braneworld models
Authors: Moazzen Sorkhi Masoumeh , Ghalenovi Zahra 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the localization of a five-dimensional (5D) Elko spinor field in de Sitter tachyonic braneworld models. These branes are generated by gravity coupled to a tachyonic bulk scalar field and include a de Sitter cosmological background induced on the 3D-brane. Using Yukawa-type coupling mechanism we show that a free massless Elko spinor field cannot be localized on tachyonic de Sitter branes while massive Elko fields are localized if their bulk mass obeys an upper bound. Also by introducing a tachyonic function F(T) as Yukawa interaction term between the Elko spinor and the background tachyonic scalar field we find that localized massless zero modes are given in terms of general Heun functions. Furthermore, it is shown that employing a new derivative coupling term in the action of Elko spinor fields leads to the Elko field localization on tachyonic de Sitter branes.
EIF3H Orchestrates Hippo Pathway–Mediated Oncogenesis via Catalytic Control of YAP Stability
Authors: Zhou Zhuan , Zhou Honghong , Ponzoni Luca , Luo Aiping , Zhu Rui , He Mingjing , Huang Yi , Guan Kun-Liang , Bahar Ivet , Liu Zhihua , Wan Yong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

EIF3H is presumed to be a critical translational initiation factor. Here, our unbiased screening for tumor invasion factors has identified an unexpected role for EIF3H as a deubiquitylating enzyme that dictates breast tumor invasion and metastasis by modulating the Hippo–YAP pathway. EIF3H catalyzed YAP for deubiquitylation, resulting in its stabilization. Structure-based molecular modeling and simulations coupled with biochemical characterization unveiled a unique catalytic mechanism for EIF3H in dissociating polyubiquitin chains from YAP through a catalytic triad consisting of Asp90, Asp91, and Gln121. Trp119 and Tyr 140 on EIF3H directly interacted with the N-terminal region of YAP1, facilitating complex formation of EIF3H and YAP1 for YAP1 deubiquitylation. Stabilization of YAP via elevated EIF3H promoted tumor invasion and metastasis. Interference of EIF3H-mediated YAP deubiquitylation blocked YAP-induced tumor progression and metastasis in breast cancer models. These findings point to a critical role for YAP regulation by EIF3H in tumor invasion and metastasis.

Significance:
This work demonstrates that EIF3H is a novel bona fide deubiquitinase that counteracts YAP ubiquitylation and proteolysis, and stabilization of YAP by EIF3H promotes tumor invasion and metastasis.
Early Hepatic Lesions Display Immature Tertiary Lymphoid Structures and Show Elevated Expression of Immune Inhibitory and Immunosuppressive Molecules
Authors: Meylan Maxime , Petitprez Florent , Lacroix Laetitia , Di Tommaso Luca , Roncalli Massimo , Bougoüin Antoine , Laurent Alexis , Amaddeo Giuliana , Sommacale Daniele , Regnault Hélène , Derman Jonathan , Charpy Cécile , Lafdil Fouad , Pawlotsky Jean-Michel , Sautès-Fridman Catherine , Fridman Wolf H. , Calderaro Julien 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurpose:The impact of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression is being extensively investigated. However, their presence during the early steps of human liver carcinogenesis remains unknown. We thus aimed to determine whether TLS are induced in preneoplastic/early hepatic lesions (EHL), and whether they are associated with a particular immune profile.Experimental Design:A series of 127 EHLs (low/high-grade dysplastic nodules, early HCC, and small and progressed HCC) was included in the study. TLSs were investigated by pathologic reviewing. Densities of immune cells were assessed using IHC. A subset of lesions was microdissected and gene expression profiling was performed with a custom NanoString panel.Results:Compared with surrounding cirrhotic nodules, EHL of all stages displayed increased densities of T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells. Immature TLSs were identified in 24% of EHL. Gene expression profiling identified a subset of EHL with elevated mRNA levels of various cytokines involved in immune cells' recruitment and TLS induction. This subgroup of EHL also showed overexpression of genes related to T- and B-cells' activation and antigen presentation, as well as those related to immunosuppression and immune exhaustion.Conclusions:Local immune activation occurs in the very early steps of liver carcinogenesis; however, it may not be fully efficient and paradoxically favor immune evasion and progression to full-blown HCC. These results have implications for the development of anti-HCC chemopreventive strategies in cirrhotic patients.
Impact of Neoadjuvant Durvalumab with or without Tremelimumab on CD8+ Tumor Lymphocyte Density, Safety, and Efficacy in Patients with Oropharynx Cancer: CIAO Trial Results
Authors: Ferrarotto Renata , Bell Diana , Rubin Maria L. , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Johnson Jason M. , Goepfert Ryan P. , Phan Jack , Elamin Yasir Y. , Torman Danice K. , Warneke Carla L. , Hessel Amy C. , Garden Adam S. , Myers Jeffrey N. , Johnson Faye M. , Lee J. Jack , Sikora Andrew G. , Gillison Maura L. , Glisson Bonnie S. , Gross Neil D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
In oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPC), high CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (CD8+TIL) density confers improved prognosis. We compared neoadjuvant durvalumab (PD-L1 inhibitor) with durvalumab + tremelimumab (CTLA-4 inhibitor) in terms of impact on CD8+TIL density, safety, and efficacy in patients with OPC.

Patients and Methods:
Patients with newly diagnosed stage II–IVA OPC or locoregionally recurrent OPC amenable to resection were included. Patients were randomized to two cycles of durvalumab or durvalumab + tremelimumab before surgery. The primary endpoint was change between baseline and resection specimen in CD8+TIL density between arms. Secondary endpoints included safety, response rate per RECIST, major pathologic response (MPR; ≤10% viable tumor cells) rate, and patient-reported outcomes.

Results:
Of 28 eligible patients (14/arm), 20 (71%) had newly diagnosed OPC, and 24 (86%) were p16-positive. The posttreatment to pretreatment median CD8+TIL density ratio was 1.31 for durvalumab and 1.15 for combination treatment (P = 0.97; 95% CI: −1.07–2.28). In each group, 6 patients (43%, 95% CI: 17.66–71.14) had a response. Eight patients (29%) had a MPR at the primary tumor and/or nodal metastases. Neither baseline CD8+TIL density nor PD-L1 expression level correlated with overall response, but a trend toward greater CD8+TIL change in patients with a MPR was seen (P = 0.059; 95% CI: −0.33–3.46). Four patients (14%) had grade ≥3 adverse events. At median follow-up time of 15.79 months, all patients were alive, and one had an additional recurrence.

Conclusions:
Durvalumab + tremelimumab did not increase CD8+TIL density more than durvalumab alone did. The observed safety and activity support further investigation of neoadjuvant checkpoint inhibitor for OPC.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE PRACTICAL PSYCHOLOGISTS
Authors: Sinyshina V. M. 
Published: April 2020

The article argues that the professional training of future practical psychologists involves taking into account different methodological approaches to the organization of the educational process in institutions of higher education, which enrich the methodological consciousness of the specialist by knowledge of professionally oriented sciences and contribute to its adaptation to the specifics of higher education. The justification of methodological approaches has allowed to establish causal relationships between pedagogical phenomena and processes and to determine the most important of them for effective solution of problems that take place in the training of practical psychologists.
The main methodological approaches, which are followed in the professional training of students-psychologists, include system-scientific, synergistic, thesaurus, complex, humanistic, competent, personally oriented, activity, praxeological, axiological, acmeological and others. It is proved that approaches, structured in this way, enabled the researcher-teacher to understand mentally in the organization of their own professional activity and to practically realize the educational actions and pedagogical actions in teaching the students; contributed to the definition of the professional training of practical psychologists and the most holistic acquisition of objectively impartial, professionally relevant knowledge, skills and competences by students. Within these approaches, the focuses are accented on the importance of reconstitution in the contest of the education of holistic image of human as biopsychological system and active-creative possibilities of student with his desire to realize himself on the principles of love to the person and in the public interests.
Three new species, four new records, and an updated species key for males of Trichomyia (Brachiotrichomyia) Bravo & Araújo, 2013 (Diptera, Psychodidae)
Authors: Araújo Maíra Xavier , Bravo Freddy , Santos-Silva Claudiney Biral dos 
Published: April 2020

Three new species of Trichomyia (Brachiotrichoyia) (Trichomyiinae, Psychodidae), Trichomyia spatulata sp. nov., Trichomyia ciliata sp. nov., and Trichomyia recurva sp. nov. are described and illustrated. Additionally, we present new records of Trichomyia (Brachiotrichoyia) armata Barretto, 1954, Trichomyia (Brachiotrichoyia) quatei Bravo, 2001, Trichomyia (Brachiotrichoyia) inermis Barreto, 1954, and Trichomyia (Brachiotrichoyia) plumata Bravo & Araújo, 2013 in Brazil. An identification key for males of the subgenus was updated to include the three new species.
A new species of Asphondylia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and a key to separate species of the genus associated with Asteraceae from Neotropical region
Authors: Urso-Guimarães Maria Virginia 
Published: April 2020

A new species, Asphondylia cipo sp. nov. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) causing stem and petiole galls on Lessingianthus warmingianus (Baker) H. Rob. (Asteraceae) is described and illustrated from Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. A key is provided to separate species of this genus associated with host plants in the Asteraceae family from the Neotropical region.
Apontamentos sobre a escrita para a viola caipira
Authors: Moraes André Aparecido de Souza 
Published: April 2020

A viola, assim como a maioria dos instrumentos de cordas dedilhadas, é um instrumento voltado para pessoas simples, muitas vezes sem o devido acesso ao aprendizado musical tradicional. Relevante notar que o estudo tradicional da viola se dava de forma oral sem que se precisasse usar algum modo de escrita, desenvolvendo-se um sistema de tablatura somente em tempos posteriores. O escopo deste trabalho é discorrer sobre a leitura e escrita para a viola brasileira, trazendo à luz o que era produzido e registrado para os instrumentos de cordas dedilhadas e seus desdobramentos, o que influenciou a escrita da viola brasileira, um instrumento da família dos cordofones. Assim sendo, esse artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as possibilidades de escrita e produção composicional para esse instrumento. Devido ao seu enraizamento no Brasil, a viola passou a ser porta voz de um povo e este a encara como um instrumento onde ele possa transitar em qualquer gênero musical.
Reproducibility of Surface Wind and Tracer Transport Simulations over Complex Terrain Using 5-, 3-, and 1-km-Grid Models
Authors: Sekiyama Tsuyoshi Thomas , Kajino Mizuo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe reproducibility of surface wind and tracer transport simulations from high-resolution weather and transport models was studied over complex terrain in wintertime in Japan. The horizontal grid spacing was varied (5-, 3-, and 1-km grids), and radioactive cesium (Cs-137) from the Fukushima nuclear power plant was used as a tracer. Fukushima has complex terrain, such as mountains and valleys. The model results were validated by observations collected from the national networks of the automated meteorological data acquisition system and the hourly air pollution sampling system. The reproducibility depended on the model resolution, topographic complexity, and synoptic weather conditions. Higher model resolution led to higher reproducibility of surface winds, especially in mountainous areas when the Siberian winter monsoon was disturbed. In contrast, the model improvement was negligible or nonexistent over plain/coastal areas when the synoptic field was steady. The statistical scores of the tracer transport simulations often deteriorated as a result of small errors in the plume locations. However, the higher-resolution models advantageously performed better transport simulations in the mountainous areas because of the lower numerical diffusion and higher reproducibility of the mass flux. The reproducibility of the tracer distribution in the valley of the Fukushima mountainous region was dramatically improved with increasing model resolution. In the range of mesoscale model resolutions (commonly 1–10 km), it was concluded that a higher-resolution model is definitely recommended for tracer transport simulations over mountainous terrain.
Spectrally Resolved Fluxes from IASI Data: Retrieval Algorithm for Clear-Sky Measurements
Authors: Whitburn Simon , Clarisse Lieven , Bauduin Sophie , George Maya , Hurtmans Daniel , Safieddine Sarah , Coheur Pierre François , Clerbaux Cathy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSpace-based measurements of the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) are essential for the study of Earth’s climate system. While the CERES instrument provides accurate measurements of this quantity, its measurements are not spectrally resolved. Here we present a high-resolution OLR product (sampled at 0.25 cm−1), derived from measurements of the IASI satellite sounder. The applied methodology relies on precalculated angular distribution models (ADMs). These are usually calculated for tens to hundreds of different scene types (characterized by surface and atmosphere parameters). To guarantee accurate results in the range 645–2300 cm−1 covered by IASI, we constructed ADMs for over 140 000 scenes. These were selected from one year of CAMS reanalysis data. A dissimilarity-based selection algorithm was applied to choose scenes as different from each other as possible, thereby maximizing the performance on real data, while keeping the number of scenes manageable. A comparison of the IASI OLR integrated over the 645–2300 cm−1 range was performed with the longwave broadband OLR products from CERES and the AIRS instrument. The latter are systematically higher due to the contribution of the far infrared to the total IR spectral range, but as expected exhibit generally high spatial correlations with the IASI OLR, except for some areas in the tropical region. We also compared the IASI OLR against the spectrally resolved OLR derived from AIRS. A good agreement was found above 1200 cm−1 while AIRS OLR appeared to be systematically higher in the atmospheric window region, likely related to differences in overpass time or to the use of a different cloud detection algorithm.
Clay minerals in drilling fluids: functions and challenges
Authors: Zhang Jun Rui , Xu Meng Dan , Christidis Georgios E. , Zhou Chun Hui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe addition of clay minerals in drilling fluids modifies the dispersion's viscosity. In this article, scientific advances related to the use of clays and clay minerals (bentonite, palygorskite, sepiolite and mixtures of clay minerals) in drilling fluids are summarized and discussed based on their specific structure, rheological properties, applications, prevailing challenges and future directions. The rheological properties of drilling fluids are affected by the temperature, type of electrolytes, pH and concentration of clay minerals. Bentonites are smectite-rich clays often used in drilling fluids, and their composition varies from deposit to deposit. Such variations significantly affect the behaviour of bentonite-based drilling fluids. Palygorskite is suitable for use in oil-based drilling fluids, but the gelation and gel structures of palygorskite-added drilling fluids have not received much attention. Sepiolite is often used in water-based drilling fluids as a rheological additive. Dispersions containing mixtures of clays including bentonite, kaolin, palygorskite and sepiolite are used in drilling fluids requiring specific features such as high-density drilling fluids or those used in impermeable slurry walls. In these cases, the surface chemistry–microstructure–property relationships of mixed-clay dispersions need to be understood fully. The prevailing challenges and future directions in drilling fluids research include safety, ‘green’ processes and high-temperature and high-pressure-resistant clay minerals.
Poly(I:C) causes failure of immunoprophylaxis to red blood cells expressing the KEL glycoprotein in mice
Authors: Escamilla-Rivera Vicente , Liu Jingchun , Gibb David R. , Santhanakrishnan Manjula , Liu Dong , Forsmo James E. , Eisenbarth Stephanie C. , Foxman Ellen F. , Stowell Sean R. , Luckey Chance John , Zimring James C. , Hudson Krystalyn E. , Hendrickson Jeanne E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Polyclonal anti-D (Rh immune globulin [RhIg]) therapy has mitigated hemolytic disease of the newborn over the past half century, although breakthrough anti-D alloimmunization still occurs in some treated females. We hypothesized that antiviral responses may impact the efficacy of immunoprophylaxis therapy in a type 1 interferon (IFN)-dependent manner and tested this hypothesis in a murine model of KEL alloimmunization. Polyclonal anti-KEL immunoprophylaxis (KELIg) was administered to wild-type or knockout mice in the presence or absence of polyinosinic-polycytidilic acid (poly[I:C]), followed by the transfusion of murine red blood cells (RBCs) expressing the human KEL glycoprotein. Anti-KEL alloimmunization, serum cytokines, and consumption of the transfused RBCs were evaluated longitudinally. In some experiments, recipients were treated with type 1 IFN (IFN-α/β). Recipient treatment with poly(I:C) led to breakthrough anti-KEL alloimmunization despite KELIg administration. Recipient CD4+ T cells were not required for immunoprophylaxis efficacy at baseline, and modulation of the KEL glycoprotein antigen occurred to the same extent in the presence or absence of recipient inflammation. Under conditions where breakthrough anti-KEL alloimmunization occurred, KEL RBC consumption by inflammatory monocytes and serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-6 were significantly increased. Poly(I:C) or type I IFN administration was sufficient to cause breakthrough alloimmunization, with poly(I:C) inducing alloimmunization even in the absence of recipient type I IFN receptors. A better understanding of how recipient antiviral responses lead to breakthrough alloimmunization despite immunoprophylaxis may have translational relevance to instances of RhIg failure that occur in humans.