bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heavy Alkali Treatment of Cu(In,Ga)Se2Solar Cells: Surface versus Bulk Effects
Authors: Siebentritt Susanne , Avancini Enrico , Bär Marcus , Bombsch Jakob , Bourgeois Emilie , Buecheler Stephan , Carron Romain , Castro Celia , Duguay Sebastien , Félix Roberto , Handick Evelyn , Hariskos Dimitrios , Havu Ville , Jackson Philip , Komsa Hannu‐Pekka , Kunze Thomas , Malitckaya Maria , Menozzi Roberto , Nesladek Milos , Nicoara Nicoleta , Puska Martti , Raghuwanshi Mohit , Pareige Philippe , Sadewasser Sascha , Sozzi Giovanna , Tiwari Ayodhya Nath , Ueda Shigenori , Vilalta‐Clemente Arantxa , Weiss Thomas Paul , Werner Florian , Wilks Regan G. , Witte Wolfram , Wolter Max Hilaire 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChalcopyrite solar cells achieve efficiencies above 23%. The latest improvements are due to post‐deposition treatments (PDT) with heavy alkalis. This study provides a comprehensive description of the effect of PDT on the chemical and electronic structure of surface and bulk of Cu(In,Ga)Se2. Chemical changes at the surface appear similar, independent of absorber or alkali. However, the effect on the surface electronic structure differs with absorber or type of treatment, although the improvement of the solar cell efficiency is the same. Thus, changes at the surface cannot be the only effect of the PDT treatment. The main effect of PDT with heavy alkalis concerns bulk recombination. The reduction in bulk recombination goes along with a reduced density of electronic tail states. Improvements in open‐circuit voltage appear together with reduced band bending at grain boundaries. Heavy alkalis accumulate at grain boundaries and are not detected in the grains. This behavior is understood by the energetics of the formation of single‐phase Cu‐alkali compounds. Thus, the efficiency improvement with heavy alkali PDT can be attributed to reduced band bending at grain boundaries, which reduces tail states and nonradiative recombination and is caused by accumulation of heavy alkalis at grain boundaries.
Left–right patterning in congenital heart disease beyond heterotaxy
Authors: Gabriel George C. , Lo Cecilia W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCongenital heart defect is one of the most common structural birth defects in the human population. It is highly associated with heterotaxy, a birth defect involving randomized left–right patterning of visceral organ situs. Large scale mouse forward genetics have led to the finding of a central role for cilia in CHD pathogenesis, with some cilia and non‐cilia mutations causing CHD with heterotaxy. Interestingly, many of the mutations causing CHD with heterotaxy can give rise to three laterality outcomes comprising normal situs solitus, mirror symmetric situs inversus totalis, or randomized situs with heterotaxy. Given CHD is largely observed only with heterotaxy, this suggests a new paradigm is needed for investigating the genetics of CHD associated with heterotaxy. Furthermore, analysis of data from multiple large birth cohorts have independently confirmed a broader involvement of laterality disturbance in CHD. This was demonstrated by the common cooccurrence of rare laterality defects with CHD lesions of a wide spectrum. These findings suggest left–right patterning is tightly intertwined with the developmental processes that regulate cardiac morphogenesis and its disturbance may contribute to all types of CHD even in the absence of laterality defects.
Hematological reference values and animal welfare parameters of BALB/C‐FMABC (Mus musculus) inoculated with Ehrlich tumor kept in the vivarium at ABC Medical School
Authors: Pessini Patrick Gabriel dos Santos , Knox de Souza Paula Regina , Chagas Camila dos Santos , Sampaio Emily Garcia , Neves Daniel Santos , Petri Giuliana , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , da Silva Emerson Barbosa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundBiochemical and hematological parameters are important tools for assessing the physiological profile of vital organs, and can be recorded to create reference values used for clinical diagnosis of diseases. Many research laboratories lack the means to establish their own set of reference parameters for use in their research, and while there are articles in the literature that discuss laboratory parameters for healthy BALB/c mice, few studies address the evaluation of these parameters in pathological situations, such as in mice inoculated with Ehrlich tumor.MethodBALB/c‐FMABC mice previously inoculated with Ehrlich tumor were maintained under appropriate conditions. Blood samples were taken for analysis of hematological parameters using automated and semi‐automated equipment to create a set of the animal welfare parameters for evaluation.ResultResults were obtained for all the hematological parameters for all groups analyzed. These showed: statistically significant differences between the initial and final tumor weight; comparable initial tumour volume and weight; an increase in leukocytes in the 7‐day group with a characteristic predominance of lymphocytes and neutrophils; statistically significant changes in RDW in the 21‐day group and in the welfare parameters in the 28‐day group. ConclusionThe study successfully defined and established reference values for hematological and welfare parameters for all groups analyzed.
Controlling Gas Selectivity in Molecular Porous Liquids by Tuning the Cage Window Size
Authors: Egleston Benjamin D. , Luzyanin Konstantin V. , Brand Michael C. , Clowes Rob , Briggs Michael E. , Greenaway Rebecca L. , Cooper Andrew I. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractControl of pore window size is the standard approach for tuning gas selectivity in porous solids. Here, we present the first example where this is translated into a molecular porous liquid formed from organic cage molecules. Reduction of the cage window size by chemical synthesis switches the selectivity from Xe‐selective to CH4‐selective, which is understood using 129Xe, 1H, and pulsed‐field gradient NMR spectroscopy.
Das humane Wirtsabwehrpeptid Cathelicidin LL‐37 ist ein nanomolarer Inhibitor der amyloiden Selbstassoziation von Inselamyloid‐Polypeptid (IAPP)
Authors: Armiento Valentina , Hille Kathleen , Naltsas Denise , Lin Jennifer S. , Barron Annelise E. , Kapurniotu Aphrodite 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDie amyloide Selbstassemblierung des Inselamyloid‐Polypeptids (IAPP) ist mit pankreatischer Entzündung, β‐Zelldegeneration und der Pathogenese von Typ‐2‐Diabetes (T2D) verknüpft. Die multifunktionalen Wirtsabwehrpeptide (HDPs) mit dem Namen Cathelicidine spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei Entzündungsprozessen. In diesem Bericht zeigen wir, dass das antimikrobielle und immunmodulatorische humane Polypeptid Cathelicidin LL‐37 mit nanomolarer Affinität an IAPP bindet und seine amyloide Selbstassemblierung und den hiermit assoziierten pankreatischen β‐Zellschaden in vitro unterdrückt. Weiterhin identifizieren wir LL‐37‐Schlüsselsegmente, die seine Wechselwirkung mit IAPP vermitteln. Unsere Ergebnisse weisen auf eine mögliche protektive Rolle von LL‐37 in der T2D‐Pathogenese hin und eröffnen eine molekulare Basis für das Design von LL‐37‐abgeleiteten Peptiden, die antimikrobielle, immunmodulatorische und T2D‐assoziierte Anti‐Amyloid‐Funktionen als vielversprechende Kandidaten für multifunktionale Medikamente haben könnten.
Analyse des aktiven Deformylierungsmechanismus von 5‐Formyl‐2′‐Desoxycytidin in Stammzellen
Authors: Schön Alexander , Kaminska Ewelina , Schelter Florian , Ponkkonen Eveliina , Korytiaková Eva , Schiffers Sarah , Carell Thomas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract5‐Methyl‐2′‐Desoxycytidin (mdC) wird als fünfte Base des genetischen Systems betrachtet, dessen Anwesenheit zur Unterdrückung der Expression korrespondierender Gene beiträgt. Die Entfernung der Modifikation und Reaktivierung der unterdrückten Gene ist durch einen noch nicht vollständig aufgeklärten aktiven Demethylierungsmechanismus möglich. Dieser setzt die Oxidationsreaktionen von mdC zum 5‐Hydroxymethyl‐2′‐Desoxycytidin (hmdC) und weiter zum 5‐Formyl‐2′‐Desoxycytidin (fdC) und 5‐Carboxy‐2′‐Desoxycytidin (cadC) voraus, die durch α‐Ketoglutarat‐abhängige Tet‐Oxygenasen katalysiert werden. Die Entfernung von mdC geschieht auf den Oxidationsstufen des fdC und cadC. Neben dem Eingreifen bestimmter Glykosylasen (TDG) beschreibt ein zweiter Weg eine C‐C‐Bindungsspaltung, die fdC direkt in dC umwandelt. Während der TDG‐induzierte Reparaturmechanismus gut charakterisiert ist, existieren zum Mechanismus durch C‐C‐Bindungsbruch noch sehr wenige Informationen. Hier führen wir ein neuartiges 6‐Aza‐5‐Formyl‐2′‐Desoxycytidin‐Testmolekül (a‐fdC) ein, das verschiedenen somatischen Zelllinien und induzierten mESCs zusammen mit einem 2′‐fluorierten fdC‐Analogon (F‐fdC) gefüttert wurde. Während die Deformylierung von F‐fdC in vivo eindeutig beobachtet werden konnte, wurde sie für a‐fdC hingegen nicht beobachtet, was vermuten lässt, dass die Deformylierung über C‐C‐Bindungsbruch nach vorhergehender nukleophiler Aktivierung erfolgt.
Analysis of an Active Deformylation Mechanism of 5‐Formyl‐deoxycytidine (fdC) in Stem Cells
Authors: Schön Alexander , Kaminska Ewelina , Schelter Florian , Ponkkonen Eveliina , Korytiaková Eva , Schiffers Sarah , Carell Thomas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe removal of 5‐methyl‐deoxycytidine (mdC) from promoter elements is associated with reactivation of the silenced corresponding genes. It takes place through an active demethylation process involving the oxidation of mdC to 5‐hydroxymethyl‐deoxycytidine (hmdC) and further on to 5‐formyl‐deoxycytidine (fdC) and 5‐carboxy‐deoxycytidine (cadC) with the help of α‐ketoglutarate‐dependent Tet oxygenases. The next step can occur through the action of a glycosylase (TDG), which cleaves fdC out of the genome for replacement by dC. A second pathway is proposed to involve C−C bond cleavage that converts fdC directly into dC. A 6‐aza‐5‐formyl‐deoxycytidine (a‐fdC) probe molecule was synthesized and fed to various somatic cell lines and induced mouse embryonic stem cells, together with a 2′‐fluorinated fdC analogue (F‐fdC). While deformylation of F‐fdC was clearly observed in vivo, it did not occur with a‐fdC, thus suggesting that the C−C bond‐cleaving deformylation is initiated by nucleophilic activation.
Family Influences on Patients’ Decisions to Undergo Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Sloan Kelsey S. , Roberson Donna W. , Neil Janice A. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTBariatric surgery is the treatment of choice for many obese patients. Although bariatric surgery has recognized benefits, some patients wait several years before deciding to proceed and many patients rely on family member advice and support during the decision‐making process. Using a secondary qualitative analysis of transcribed interviews, we examined family member influences on the patient's decision to undergo bariatric surgery. We identified four main themes: role modeling, quality of life with children, family and marital factors, and acquaintances' success with bariatric surgery. Participants indicated that being active with children and demonstrating healthier lifestyles was important, and that adult family members’ perceptions of the surgery affect the decision. Because family member influences are evident in the decision‐making process, perioperative nurses should be aware of the family's influence and include family members and significant others in the patient's decision‐making process for bariatric surgery.
Preparation and performance of epoxy resin permeable bricks for sponge city construction
Authors: Zhao Bowu , Du Yaobang , Ren Luyao , Wang Jianyou 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs one of the main components in the construction of a sponge city, permeable materials have attracted great attentions. In this study, a series of epoxy resin water‐permeable bricks were prepared by using scrubbed and the roasted sand with different particle sizes at ambient temperature. Considering the balance between mechanical properties and water permeability, the optimal vibration time during preparation was determined. Many tests were carried out for various samples. The results indicated that there were great differences in the mechanical properties between the two types of sands. However, the water permeability rate and water filtration efficiency showed opposite tendencies for the changes in sand particle size. The value of the water‐retention rate and the anti‐slide property were 0.25 g/cm3 and BPN (78 ± 2), respectively, which satisfied the relevant industrial standard. The adhesive coating thickness on the sand surface in the permeable material was estimated by TGA test.
Properties of maleic anhydride‐modified lignin nanoparticles/polybutylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate composites
Authors: Yang Xuping , Zhong Shengyuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVarious fillers have been introduced into poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) to produce biodegradable plastics with enhanced performance. Recently, lignin nanoparticles have attracted much attention as fillers because they exhibit good compatibility with plastics and a mechanical enhancement effect. In this study, maleic anhydride‐modified ligninsulfonate nanoparticles (MLSs) were prepared and incorporated into PBAT by melt blending. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that MLSs were well dispersed in PBAT at a 10% incorporation ratio. Mechanical measurement results indicated that the incorporation of MLSs in PBAT simultaneously enhanced the tensile strength, elongation at break, tensile modulus, and flexural modulus. Dynamic rheological measurement indicated that the viscosity and modulus decreased with the incorporation of MLSs, revealing relatively low compatibility between MLSs and PBAT in a melting state.
Strengthening the synergies among global biodiversity targets to reconcile conservation and socio‐economic demands
Authors: Vilar Ciro C. , Magris Rafael A. , Loyola Rafael , Joyeux Jean‐Christophe 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Most of the world's nations adopted the 20 Aichi global biodiversity targets to be met by 2020, including the protection of at least 10% of their coastal and marine areas (Target 11) and the avoidance of extinction of threatened species (Target 12). However, reconciling these biodiversity targets with socio‐economic demands remains a great dilemma for implementing conservation policies.
In this paper, Aichi Targets 11 and 12 were simultaneously addressed using Brazil's exclusive economic zone as an example. Priority areas for expanding the current system of marine protected areas within the country's eight marine ecoregions were identified with data on threatened vertebrates under different scenarios. Additionally, the potential effects of major socio‐economic activities (small‑ and large‐scale fishing, seabed mining, and oil and gas exploration) on the representation of conservation features in proposed marine protected areas were explored.
Areas selected for expanding marine protected areas solely based on biodiversity data were different (spatial overlap from 62% to 93%) from areas prioritized when socio‐economic features were incorporated into the analysis. The addition of socio‐economic data in the prioritization process substantially decreased opportunity costs and potential conservation conflicts, at the cost of reducing significantly (up to 31%) the coverage of conservation features. Large‑ and small‐scale fisheries act in most of the exclusive economic zone and are the major constraints for protecting high‐priority areas.
Nevertheless, there is some spatial mismatch between areas of special relevance for conservation and socio‐economic activities, suggesting an opportunity for reconciling the achievement of biodiversity targets and development goals within the intricate Brazilian seascape by 2020 and beyond.
It Takes Two to Tango: Activation of Protein Kinase D by Dimerization
Authors: Reinhardt Ronja , Truebestein Linda , Schmidt Heiko A. , Leonard Thomas A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe recent discovery and structure determination of a novel ubiquitin‐like dimerization domain in protein kinase D (PKD) has significant implications for its activation. PKD is a serine/threonine kinase activated by the lipid second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG). It is an essential and highly conserved protein that is implicated in plasma membrane directed trafficking processes from the trans‐Golgi network. However, many open questions surround its mechanism of activation, its localization, and its role in the biogenesis of cargo transport carriers. In reviewing this field, the focus is primarily on the mechanisms that control the activation of PKD at precise locations in the cell. In light of the new structural findings, the understanding of the mechanisms underlying PKD activation is critically evaluated, with particular emphasis on the role of dimerization in PKD autophosphorylation, and the provenance and recognition of the DAG that activates PKD.
An integrated biosensor platform for extraction and detection of nucleic acids
Authors: Sciuto Emanuele L. , Petralia Salvatore , Calabrese Giovanna , Conoci Sabrina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe development of portable systems for analysis of nucleic acids (NAs) is crucial for the evolution of biosensing in the context of future healthcare technologies. The integration of NA extraction, purification, and detection modules, properly actuated by microfluidics technologies, is a key point for the development of portable diagnostic systems. In this paper, we describe an integrated biosensor platform based on a silicon–plastic hybrid lab‐on‐disk technology capable of managing NA extraction, purification, and detection processes in an integrated format. The sample preparation process is performed by solid‐phase extraction technology using magnetic beads on a plastic disk, while detection is done through quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) on a miniaturized silicon device. The movement of sample and reagents is actuated by a centrifugal force induced by a disk actuator instrument. The assessment of the NA extraction and detection performance has been carried out by using hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA genome as a biological target. The quantification of the qRT‐PCR chip in the hybrid disk showed an improvement in sensitivity with respect to the qRT‐PCR commercial platforms, which means an optimization of time and cost. Limit of detection and limit of quantification values of about 8 cps/reaction and 26 cps/reaction, respectively, were found by using analytical samples (synthetic clone), while the results with real samples (serum with spiked HBV genome) indicate that the system performs as well as the standard methods.
Green supply chain practices and company performance in Portuguese manufacturing sector
Authors: Pinto Luísa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGreen supply chain management is an important organizational approach to reducing strain on the environment. Many companies are under pressure from customers, media, governments, and investors, among others, to implement green practices. This exploratory paper investigates the relationships between internal and external green practices of eight Portuguese companies from different industrial sectors and their impact on economic and environmental performance. The relationship was analyzed based on the data collected from 22 semi‐structured interviews with general managers, procurement and environmental/safety managers, and through secondary data collected from reports, websites and companies' internal documentation. The analysis identifies the most important green practices considered by managers, as well as the performance measures that are most appropriate and most widely used to evaluate the influence of green practices on corporate performance. A conceptual model was derived to assess the influence of green practices on focal company economic and environmental performance. The results support four of five propositions of this research, and it is possible to conclude that the companies believe that with the adoption of green supply chain practices, they can be more competitive in the market. Due to the scope of the green practices, the relationship between green practices and economic performance was inconclusive. Internal and external green supply chain practices contribute to improved environmental performance because for all companies, there is a positive relationship between green practices and environmental performance in terms of energy, water consumption, waste, and air emissions reduction.
Detection of AXL expression in circulating tumor cells of lung cancer patients using an automated microcavity array system
Authors: Ikeda Mio , Koh Yasuhiro , Teraoka Shunsuke , Sato Koichi , Kanai Kuninobu , Hayata Atsushi , Tokudome Nahomi , Akamatsu Hiroaki , Ozawa Yuichi , Akamatsu Keiichiro , Endo Katsuya , Higuchi Masayuki , Nakanishi Masanori , Ueda Hiroki , Yamamoto Nobuyuki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNoninvasive diagnostics using circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are expected to be useful for decision making in precision cancer therapy. AXL, a receptor tyrosine kinase is associated with tumor progression, epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), and drug resistance, and is a potential therapeutic target. However, the epithelial markers generally used for CTC detection may be not enough to detect AXL‐expressing CTCs due to EMT. Here, we evaluated the detection of AXL‐expressing CTCs using the mesenchymal marker vimentin with a microcavity array system. To evaluate the recovery of cancer cells, spike‐in experiments were performed using cell lines with varying cytokeratin (CK) or vimentin (VM) expression levels. With high CK and low VM‐expressing cell lines, PC‐9 and HCC827, the recovery rate of AXL‐expressing cancer cells was 1%‐17% using either CK or VM as markers. Whereas, with low CK and high VM‐expressing cell lines, MDA‐MB231 and H1299, it was 52%‐75% using CK and 72%‐88% using VM as a marker. For clinical evaluation, peripheral blood was collected from 20 non–small cell lung cancer patients and CTCs were detected using CK or VM as markers in parallel. Significantly more AXL‐expressing single CTCs were detected in VM‐positive than CK‐positive CTCs (P < .001). Furthermore, CTC clusters were identified only among VM‐positive CTCs in 20% of patients. Patients with one or more prior treatments harbored significantly more VM‐positive AXL‐expressing CTCs, suggesting the involvement of these CTCs in drug resistance. These results indicate the necessity of integrating mesenchymal markers with CTC detection and this should be further evaluated clinically.