bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Velocity of the falling dispersal units in Zelkova abelicea: remarkable evolutionary conservation within the relict tree genus
Authors: Certini Daniele , Fazan Laurence , Nakayama Naomi , Viola Ignazio Maria , Kozlowski Gregor 
Published: December 2020

PREMISESeed dispersal is extremely important for the recovery and restoration of forest communities. Relict tree genus Zelkova possesses a unique dispersal mechanism: mature fruits fall with the entire twig, and the dried leaves that are still attached function as a drag‐enhancing appendage, carrying the fruits away from the parent tree. This singular adaptation has never been investigated in Z. abelicea.METHODSDrop tests with dispersal units and individual fruits of Z. abelicea were performed in controlled conditions to measure their dispersal velocity and to define their flight mode.RESULTSZelkova abelicea uses both slowly falling dispersal units with chaotic motion, as well as fast falling individual fruits using a straight path. The falling velocity of Z. abelicea dispersal units is 1.53 m s‐1, which is virtually identical to that of the East Asiatic Z. serrata (1.51 m s‐1). In contrast, the falling velocity of individual fruits was m s‐1 (Z. serrata: 5.36 m s‐1).CONCLUSIONSMembers of the genus Zelkova, growing today in distant regions, show remarkable evolutionary conservation of the velocity and flight mechanics of their dispersal units. This is surprising because the Mediterranean and East Asiatic Zelkova species have been separated at least 15–20 mya. Zelkova abelicea, although growing in the Mediterranean with completely different forest structure and composition, still uses the same dispersal mechanism. The dispersal capacity of the genus Zelkova is less efficient than that of other wind dispersed trees, and it presumably evolved for short‐distance ecological spread and not for long‐distance biogeographical dispersal.
Incidence and related factors of hypoxia associated with elderly femoral neck fractures in the emergency department setting
Authors: Hongo Takashi , Naito Hiromichi , Fujiwara Toshifumi , Inaba Mototaka , Fujisaki Noritomo , Nakao Atsunori 
Published: December 2020

AimFemoral neck fractures in elderly patients needing oxygen therapy are often encountered in the emergency department. This single‐center, retrospective, observational study aimed to examine the frequency, cause, and factors related to hypoxia in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures.MethodsWe analyzed data from 241 patients admitted to Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital (Okayama, Japan) from April 2016 to March 2019. Hypoxia was defined as PaO2 / FiO2 ratio under 300. The independent factors for hypoxia were determined by multiple logistic regression analysis.ResultsThere were 194 patients who met the study inclusion criteria, 148 in the non‐hypoxia group and 46 in the hypoxia group. The hypoxia group included patients with pneumonia (n = 3), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 2), pulmonary edema (n = 1), and pulmonary embolization (n = 1). The cause of hypoxia was undetermined in 39 cases. However, occult fat embolism syndrome was suspected in 29 of these 39 cases based on Gurd and Wilson criteria after considering clinical examination results. Barthel indexes were significantly lower in the hypoxia group on discharge. Age (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–1.14; P = 0.038), D‐dimer (adjusted OR 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00–1.03; P = 0.005), and transtricuspid pressure gradient (adjusted OR 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00–1.07; P = 0.015) were independently associated with the hypoxia.ConclusionWe found that hypoxia, including undetermined hypoxia, was commonly encountered in the emergency department. Hypoxia in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures was associated with age, D‐dimer, and transtricuspid pressure gradient and needs further investigation.
Graphene oxide modified waterborne polyurethane‐based dye with high color‐fastness performance
Authors: Guo Song , Liu Na , Ding Wei , Pang Xiaoyan , Ding Zhiwen , Chen Yongfang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) was incorporated into waterborne polyurethane‐based polymeric dyes to prepare GO modified polymeric dyes for further improving the performances of waterborne polyurethane‐based dyes. Structure properties of the prepared polymeric dyes were analyzed using FTIR and UV–Vis spectrophotometers. The fastnesses to dry‐wet rubbing, thermal migration, light, and the mechanical properties of the GO modified polymeric dye films were further investigated. The introduction of GO might lower the tensile strength and the elongation at break of polymeric dye films. Meanwhile, the color of modified polymeric dye films turned to be darker as the GO dosage increased. Moreover, most of the above‐mentioned properties could be enhanced considerably. In particular, the dry‐wet rubbing and thermal migration fastness of modified polymeric dye films could be enhanced up to grade 5. This suggests that the GO modified waterborne polyurethane‐based dye has the potential to be used in leather finishing coloring with high performance.
Protein quality and quantity of quality protein maize (QPM) and non‐QPM hybrids under optimal and low nitrogen conditions
Authors: Shawa Hilda , van Biljon Angeline , Labuschagne Maryke T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesQuality protein maize (QPM) nutritional quality involves high total protein content but reduced zein accumulation in maize endosperm, leading to increased non‐zein proteins, hence higher levels of essential amino acids such as lysine and tryptophan. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of low nitrogen (N) conditions in one location, and optimum conditions in three locations, on zein proteins in 10 QPM hybrids developed by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) compared to two non‐QPM checks.FindingsWith a few exceptions, total protein content, and γ‐ and α‐zein peak areas were significantly reduced under low N compared to optimal conditions, while β‐zein increased. Non‐QPM hybrids had higher protein content than QPM hybrids, and QPM hybrids had higher γ‐zein than non‐QPM in all environments. Higher α‐zein values than other zein types were observed in non‐QPM than in QPM genotypes in all environments.Significance and noveltyLow N significantly reduced protein content and all the zein fractions except for β‐zeins, which were increased. The advantages of a decrease in zein fractions in QPM under low N conditions were offset by a large decrease in grain protein content.
Spinal cord compression due to extramedullary hematopoiesis in patient with Beta thalassemia major
Authors: Subahi Eihab A. , Abdelrazek Mohamed , Yassin Mohamed A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExtramedullary hematopoiesis can occur in patients with beta thalassemia major, which can lead to spinal cord compression. In such cases, the use of radiotherapy can be sufficient for the complete resolution of neurological symptoms.
Slurry Phase Hydrogenation of CO2 to Methanol Using Supported In2O3 Catalysts as Promising Approach for Chemical Energy Storage
Authors: Schühle Patrick , Reichenberger Sven , Marzun Galina , Albert Jakob 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA promising approach for chemical energy storage from fluctuating renewable electricity is methanol synthesis from CO2 and hydrogen in a slurry reactor concept, due to efficient heat storage and easy reactor control. In combination with a promising In2O3/ZrO2 catalyst and mineral oil as carrier liquid, efficient methanol production under a wide range of changing process conditions is shown for the first time. A maximum methanol productivity of 2.1 gMeOHgIn−1h−1 and multiple recycling stability of the catalyst and the carrier liquid was achieved, showing no significant decrease in methanol yields.
Gas solid contact efficiency of pyridine synthesis reactors
Authors: Zhou Shuaishuai , Qiao Congzhen , Yang Hao , Lu Chunxi , Liu Mengxi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe gas phase pyridine synthesis process is usually carried out in a fluidized bed reactor. The contact efficiency between the reactants and the catalysts has great influence on the reactor performance. In this paper, three fluidized bed reactors with different flow patterns were used to investigate the contact efficiency. The superficial contact efficiency index (SCEI) was defined and used in this paper to quantify the contact efficiency inside these reactors. To obtain the values of the SCEI, the ideal reactor model was constructed. The results showed that the SCEI average value decreased as the flow pattern shifted from fast fluidization to bubbling fluidization; these values were 0.86, 0.55, and 0.19 for the fast fluidized bed reactor, turbulent fluidized bed reactor, and bubbling fluidized bed reactor, respectively. An empirical correlation was proposed in this paper to predict the SCEI under different operating conditions. The model prediction results agreed well with experimental results with an average prediction error of 8%.
Survival benefit with adjuvant radiotherapy after resection of distal cholangiocarcinoma: A propensity‐matched National Cancer Database analysis
Authors: Kamarajah Sivesh K. , Bednar Filip , Cho Clifford S. , Nathan Hari 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundNo convincing evidence for the benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) following resection of distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA) exists, especially for lower‐risk (margin‐ or node‐negative) disease. Hence, the association of adjuvant RT on survival after surgical resection of dCCA was compared with no adjuvant RT (noRT).MethodsUsing National Cancer Database data from 2004 to 2016, patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy for nonmetastatic dCCA were identified. Patients with neoadjuvant RT and chemotherapy and survival <6 months were excluded. Propensity score matching was used to account for treatment‐selection bias. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was then used to analyze the association of adjuvant RT with survival.ResultsOf 2162 (34%) adjuvant RT and 4155 (66%) noRT patients, 1509 adjuvant RT and 1509 noRT patients remained in the cohort after matching. The rates of node‐negative disease (N0), node‐positive disease (N+), and unknown node status (Nx) were 39%, 51%, and 10%, respectively. After matching, adjuvant RT was associated with improved survival (median, 29.3 vs 26.8 months; P < .001), which remained after multivariable adjustment (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.80‐0.93; P < .001). Multivariable interaction analyses showed this benefit was seen irrespective of nodal status (N0: HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.66‐0.89; P < .001; N+: HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.71‐0.89; P < .001) and margin status (R0: HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.50‐0.67; P < .001; R1: HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78‐0.96; P = .007). Stratified analyses by nodal and margin status demonstrated consistent results.ConclusionsAdjuvant RT after dCCA resection was associated with a survival benefit in patients, even in patients with margin‐ or node‐negative resections. Adjuvant RT should be considered routinely irrespective of margin and nodal status after resection for dCCA.Lay Summary

Adjuvant radiotherapy after resection of distal cholangiocarcinoma was associated with a survival benefit in patients, even in patients with margin‐negative or node‐negative resections.

Adjuvant radiotherapy should be considered routinely irrespective of margin and nodal status after resection of distal cholangiocarcinoma.
Feasibility and acceptability of the “Day 100 Talk”: An interdisciplinary communication intervention during the first six months of childhood cancer treatment
Authors: Feraco Angela M. , McCarthy Sarah R. , Revette Anna C. , Stevens Sarah E. , Das P. Jeet , Al‐Sayegh Hasan , Ma Clement , Tulsky James A. , Wolfe Joanne 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundCommunication gaps arise early in the childhood cancer trajectory and may persist. The authors conducted a pilot study of the feasibility and acceptability of a communication intervention, the Day 100 Talk (D100). D100 involves an interprofessional family conference during initial months of treatment between oncologists, psychosocial clinicians, and parents, facilitated by a 3‐part conversation tool.MethodsThe authors enrolled English‐speaking parents of children with nonrelapsed, nonprogressive cancer who were receiving continuity care from enrolled pediatric oncologists and psychosocial clinicians at a single site. The a priori feasibility threshold was 60% parent completion of the D100 intervention. Surveys from parents and professionals and debrief interviews with professionals assessed D100 acceptability.ResultsThirty‐seven parents (77%) and 38 oncology professionals (67%) enrolled. Twenty of 33 evaluable parents (61%) participated in a D100 family conference. Most commonly, parents did not complete the D100 intervention because of scheduling difficulties related to clinical team constraints. All 17 parents who completed a post‐D100 survey agreed or strongly agreed that D100 participation was helpful. In debrief interviews, professionals identified D100 benefits, namely, stepping back to the big picture and getting on the same page, and barriers related to logistical challenges and professionals' anticipatory dread.ConclusionsThe D100 intervention pilot demonstrates high acceptability among parents of children with cancer. Despite meeting the prespecified feasibility threshold, findings highlight important barriers to D100 dissemination, namely, perceived burdens on professionals. Potential strategies to reduce burden may include using virtual visit platforms, incorporating D100 elements across multiple visits, or prioritizing intervention delivery to parents with the greatest need for enhanced communication.
Inclusion of extranodal extension in the lymph node classification of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Amit Moran , Liu Chuan , Gleber‐Netto Frederico O. , Kini Sameer , Tam Samantha , Benov Avi , Aashiq Mohamed , El‐Naggar Adel K. , Moreno Amy C. , Rosenthal David I. , Glisson Bonnie S. , Ferrarotto Renata , Wong Michael K. , Migden Michael R. , Baruch Erez N. , Li Guojun , Khanna Anshu , Goepfert Ryan P. , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Weber Randal S. , Myers Jeffrey N. , Gross Neil D. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe prognostic performance of the recently updated American Joint Committee on Cancer lymph node classification of cutaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not been validated. The objective of this study was to assess the prognostic role of extranodal extension (ENE) in cutaneous HNSCC.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of 1258 patients with cutaneous HNSCC who underwent surgery with or without adjuvant therapy between 1995 and 2019 at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. The primary outcome was disease‐specific survival (DSS). Local, regional, and distant metastases‐free survival were secondary outcomes. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) and a Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to assess the fitness of staging models.ResultsNo significant differences in 5‐year DSS were observed between patients with pathologic lymph node‐negative (pN0) disease (67.4%) and those with pN‐positive/ENE‐negative disease (68.2%; hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.61‐1.79) or between patients with pN‐positive/ENE‐negative disease and those with pN‐positive/ENE‐positive disease (52.7%; hazard ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.31‐1.01). The RPA‐derived model achieved better stratification between high‐risk patients (category III, ENE‐positive with >2 positive lymph nodes) and low‐risk patients (category I, pN0; category II, ENE‐positive/pN1 and ENE‐negative with >2 positive lymph nodes). The performance of the RPA‐derived model was better than that of the pathologic TNM classification (Akaike information criterion score, 1167 compared with 1176; Bayesian information criterion score, 1175 compared with 1195).ConclusionsThe number of metastatic lymph nodes and the presence of ENE are independent prognostic factors for DSS in cutaneous HNSCC, and incorporation of these factors in staging systems improves the performance of the American Joint Committee on Cancer lymph node classification.
Sex and age influence gonadal steroid hormone receptor distributions relative to estrogen receptor β‐containing neurons in the mouse hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus
Authors: Contoreggi Natalina H. , Mazid Sanoara , Goldstein Lily B. , Park John , Ovalles Astrid C. , Waters Elizabeth M. , Glass Michael J. , Milner Teresa A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWithin the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), estrogen receptor (ER) β and other gonadal hormone receptors play a role in central cardiovascular processes. However, the influence of sex and age on the cellular and subcellular relationships of ERβ with ERα, G‐protein ER (GPER1), as well as progestin and androgen receptors (PR and AR) in the PVN is uncertain. In young (2‐ to 3‐month‐old) females and males, ERβ‐enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) containing neurons were approximately four times greater than ERα‐labeled and PR‐labeled nuclei in the PVN. In subdivisions of the PVN, young females, compared to males, had: (1) more ERβ‐EGFP neurons in neuroendocrine rostral regions; (2) fewer ERα‐labeled nuclei in neuroendocrine and autonomic projecting medial subregions; and (3) more ERα‐labeled nuclei in an autonomic projecting caudal region. In contrast, young males, compared to females, had approximately 20 times more AR‐labeled nuclei, which often colocalized with ERβ‐EGFP in neuroendocrine (approximately 70%) and autonomic (approximately 50%) projecting subregions. Ultrastructurally, in soma and dendrites, PVN ERβ‐EGFP colocalized primarily with extranuclear AR (approximately 85% soma) and GPER1 (approximately 70% soma). Aged (12‐ to 24‐month‐old) males had more ERβ‐EGFP neurons in a rostral neuroendocrine subregion compared to aged females and females with accelerated ovarian failure (AOF) and in a caudal autonomic subregion compared to post‐AOF females. Late‐aged (18‐ to 24‐month‐old) females compared to early‐aged (12‐ to 14‐month‐old) females and AOF females had fewer AR‐labeled nuclei in neuroendrocrine and autonomic projecting subregions. These findings indicate that gonadal steroids may directly and indirectly influence PVN neurons via nuclear and extranuclear gonadal hormone receptors in a sex‐specific manner.
Measuring Mitochondrial Respiration in Previously Frozen Biological Samples
Authors: Osto Corey , Benador Ilan Y. , Ngo Jennifer , Liesa Marc , Stiles Linsey , Acin‐Perez Rebeca , Shirihai Orian S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMeasuring oxygen consumption allows for the role of mitochondrial function in biological phenomena and mitochondrial diseases to be determined. Although respirometry has become a common approach in disease research, current methods are limited by the necessity to process and measure tissue samples within 1 hr of acquisition. Detailed by Acin‐Perez and colleagues, a new respirometry approach designed for previously frozen tissue samples eliminates these hurdles for mitochondrial study. This technique allows for the measurement of maximal respiratory capacity in samples frozen for long‐term storage before testing. This protocol article describes the optimal tissue isolation methods and the combination of substrates to define electron transport chain function at high resolution in previously frozen tissue samples. © 2020 The Authors.Basic Protocol 1: Sample collection, storage, and homogenization for previously frozen tissue respirometryBasic Protocol 2: Running a Seahorse respirometry assay using previously frozen tissue samplesBasic Protocol 3: Normalization to mitochondrial content for previously frozen tissue respirometry
After cyclophosphamide exposure, granulosa cells recover their anti‐müllerian hormone‐producing ability but not their numbers
Authors: Kim Jihyun , You Sooseong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAnti‐müllerian hormone (AMH) produced by granulosa cells (GCs), reserves the ovarian follicle pool for future recruitment and ovulation. However, women who have undergone cyclophosphamide (Cy) treatment have decreased AMH levels due to damaged GCs. This study establishes flow cytometry protocols for identification of GCs and investigates the cause of the Cy‐induced AMH decrease by analyzing the number of GCs and their AMH production at the single cell level. Over 2 weeks, C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected 6 times with 100 mg/kg Cy and sacrificed either immediately or 4 weeks after Cy treatment. Twenty‐four hours post‐Cy exposure, a decrease in serum AMH levels was seen due to a reduction in the number of follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR)+AMH+ GCs and their ability to produce AMH. However, 4 weeks after Cy treatment, serum AMH levels were still decreased due to the decreased number of FSHR+AMH+ GCs, however, their AMH‐producing ability was unaltered. Consistently, in vitro, Cy‐induced low AMH production in FSHR+AMH+ hGL5 cells (immortalized human GCs) was restored 24 h after Cy treatment, although their numbers remained decreased. Thus, the surviving GCs after Cy exposure had intact AMH‐producing ability. In future, an effort to minimize GC death by Cy treatment is required, while maintaining its therapeutic effects.
Forever young: Linking regeneration and genome size in salamanders
Authors: Sessions Stanley K. , Wake David B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundSalamanders stand out among vertebrate animals in two key characteristics: their ability to regenerate body parts, and their large and variable genome sizes.ResultsHere we show how to unite seemingly disparate facets of salamander biology, regeneration ability, and genome size variation, into one synthetic view. Large and variable genome sizes may be the key to understanding the prodigious ability of most salamanders to regenerate damaged or lost body parts. We report a correlate of genome size variation that has been previously neglected: the impacts of genome size on the structure and function of the genes themselves. Salamanders are, in essence, paradoxically much younger, especially at the cellular level than their chronological age would suggest.ConclusionsBecause of the large size and range of variation in genome size in salamanders, we hypothesize that this relationship uncouples a dynamic interaction between growth and differentiation in processes of morphogenesis, pattern formation, and regeneration in ways that are unique among vertebrates.
Developmental origins of mechanical homeostasis in the aorta
Authors: Murtada Sae‐Il , Kawamura Yuki , Li Guangxin , Schwartz Martin A. , Tellides George , Humphrey Jay D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMechanical homeostasis promotes proper aortic structure and function. Pathological conditions may arise, in part, from compromised or lost homeostasis. There is thus a need to quantify the homeostatic state and when it emerges. Here we quantify changes in mechanical loading, geometry, structure, and function of the murine aorta from the late prenatal period into maturity.ResultsOur data suggest that a homeostatic set‐point is established by postnatal day P2 for the flow‐induced shear stress experienced by endothelial cells; this value deviates from its set‐point from P10 to P21 due to asynchronous changes in mechanical loading (flow, pressure) and geometry (radius, wall thickness), but is restored thereafter consistent with homeostasis. Smooth muscle contractility also decreases during this period of heightened matrix deposition but is also restored in maturity. The pressure‐induced mechanical stress experienced by intramural cells initially remains low despite increasing blood pressure, and then increases while extracellular matrix accumulates.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that cell‐level mechanical homeostasis emerges soon after birth to allow mechanosensitive cells to guide aortic development, with deposition of matrix after P2 increasingly stress shielding intramural cells. The associated tissue‐level set‐points that emerge for intramural stress can be used to assess and model the aorta that matures biomechanically by P56.