bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Team Approach: The Perioperative Management of Reconstructive Hip Surgery for the Non-Ambulatory Child with Cerebral Palsy and Spastic Hip Disease
Authors: DiFazio Rachel L. , Glader Laurie J. , Tombeno Rachel , Lawler Kathleen , Friel Kristen , Brustowicz Robert M. , Shore Benjamin J. 
Published: July 2020

» Cerebral palsy (CP) is the leading cause of physical disability in children. Although physical disability is the hallmark of CP, children with CP also often have complex medical comorbidities.» Spastic hip subluxation is the second most common orthopaedic deformity in children with CP, and the incidence increases with the severity of CP.» Hip surveillance should be implemented in children with CP to monitor hip stability over time. A reconstructive surgical procedure is recommended when the migration percentage is >40%.» Perioperative care of children undergoing a hip reconstructive surgical procedure is a multidisciplinary endeavor requiring the expertise of professionals with different backgrounds. The core team should comprise orthopaedic surgeons, nurses, nurse practitioners, pediatricians, nurse case managers, anesthesiologists, and physical therapists. Additional team members include nutritionists, clinical pharmacists, social workers, child life therapists, and consulting specialty services.» This review describes the team approach to the perioperative care of non-ambulatory children with spastic hip subluxation undergoing a reconstructive hip surgical procedure, utilizing a case scenario of a 7-year old girl with CP and complex associated medical comorbidities.
Right ventricular dysfunction in patients with non-severe idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a cross-sectional prospective single-center study
Authors: Cobra Sandra de Barros , Rodrigues Marcelo Palmeira , de Melo Felipe Xavier , Ferreira Nathali Mireise Costa , Soares Viviane Vieira Passini , Amado Verônica Moreira , Silva César Augusto Melo e 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Pulmonary hypertension worsens the prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and is associated with chronic respiratory failure in advanced disease. However, little is known about the occurrence of pulmonary hypertension and subsequent right ventricular dysfunction in non-advanced IPF patients without hypoxemia at rest. We evaluated right ventricular dysfunction in non-advanced IPF patients and examined the association of right ventricular dysfunction with mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) at rest and during exercise. Methods This cross-sectional study included patients with blood oxygen saturation levels ≥92% at rest, Gender-Age-Physiology Index score ≤5, modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale score ≤3, and no history of oxygen therapy. Patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography at rest and during cardiopulmonary exercise. Ventricular function was analyzed by measuring conventional parameters and right ventricular global longitudinal strain using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. Means were compared using the t-test for independent samples.Results Abnormal speckle-tracking echocardiography findings were identified in 10/27 patients (37%), indicating right ventricular dysfunction (mean mPAP: 21.6 ± 5.5 mmHg at rest, 42.2 ± 14.1 mmHg during maximal exercise). Significant differences in mPAP were observed between patients with right ventricular dysfunction and those without dysfunction (at rest: 26.0 ± 4.8 vs. 19.1 ± 4.2 mmHg, p = 0.001; during exercise: 51.3 ± 6.4 vs. 36.9 ± 14.7 mmHg, p = 0.002). Right ventricular dysfunction was detected in 37% of non-advanced IPF patients and was associated with increased mPAP at rest and during exercise. Early recognition was only possible using speckle-tracking echocardiography.Conclusions Right ventricular dysfunction was detected in 37% of non-advanced IPF patients and was associated with increased mPAP at rest and during exercise. Special attention should be given to these patients as right ventricular dysfunction is suggestive of worse prognosis. These patients could benefit from new specific drugs or even oxygen therapy for transitory hypoxia.
The anti-apoptotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin on acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in rats
Authors: Guo Jie , Cao Xiaolu , Hu Xianmin , Li Shulan , Wang Jun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: As a chemical extensively used in industrial areas as well as formed during heating of carbohydrate-rich food and tobacco, acrylamide (ACR) has been known as well-established neurotoxic pollutant. Although the precise mechanism is unclear, enhanced apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation have been demonstrated to contribute to the ACR-induced neurotoxicity. In this study, we assessed the possible anti-apoptotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin, the most active component in a popular spice known as turmeric, on the neurotoxicity caused by ACR in rats. Methods: Curcumin at the dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg was orally given to ACR- intoxicated Sprague-Dawley rats exposed by ACR at 40mg/kg for 4 weeks. All rats were subjected to behavioral analysis. The HE staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) staining were used to detect histopathological changes and apoptotic cells, respectively. The mRNA and protein expressions of apoptosis-related molecule telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) were detected using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured as the indicators for evaluating the level of oxidative stress in brain. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokinestumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in cerebral homogenates were detected using ELISA assay. Results: Concurrent administration of curcumin at the oral doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg with ACR significantly protected the rats from ACR-induced weigh loss and motor function deficits, and improved the pathological alterations in the ACR-intoxicated brains. Curcumin treatment especially at a high dose enhanced the TERT mRNA expression level and increased the number of TERT-positive nerve cells in cortex tissues of ACR intoxicated rats. The levels of MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β in the cerebral homogenates were reduced, the contents of GSH as well as the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were increased by curcumin treatment, compared to ACR control group. Conclusions: These data suggested the anti-apoptotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin on ACR-induced neurotoxicity in rats. And maintaining TERT-related anti-apoptotic function might be one mechanism underlying the protective effect of curcumin on ACR-intoxicated brains.
Inequality in health service utilization among migrant and local children: a cross-sectional survey of children aged 0–14 years in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Ke Xiatong , Zhang Liang , Tang Wenxi , Li Zhong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Shenzhen is characterized with the largest scale of migrant children among all the cities in China. Unequal access to health services among migrant and local children greatly affects health equity and has a profound impact on the quality of human capital. This study aimed to investigate differences in using community-based healthcare between local and migrant children and to identify the influencing factors in Futian District of Shenzhen.Methods: Households in 12 communities in Futian District of Shenzhen were randomly sampled. Children aged 0-14 years were investigated using self-administered questionnaire - the 2018 Survey of Health Service Needs of Chinese Residents. Differences in healthcare including physical examination, feeding guidance, development guidance, disease prevention guidance, injury prevention guidance, oral health guidance, and mental health guidance, were tested between local and migrant children. Binary logistic regressions were used in identifying potential influencing factors which affected the use in the above healthcare items.Results: A total of 936 participants from1512 families were sampled and 508 of them were included. Compared with local children, migrant children had less use of development guidance (OR=0.417, 95% CI: 0.279-0.624) and oral health care guidance (OR=0.557, 95% CI: 0.381-0.813). Children whose father received higher education level enjoyed a better use of disease prevention guidance as compared to whose father stopped at junior high school education or below (senior high vs junior high and below, OR=1.286, 95% CI: 0.791-2.090; bachelor and above vs junior high and below, OR=2.257, 95% CI: 1.417-3.595). Children whose fathers were blue-collar workers had less use of injury prevention guidance (OR=0.750, 95% CI: 0.334-1.684) and mental health guidance (OR=0.784, 95% CI: 0.295-2.080) as compared to whose father were white collar workers. Conclusions: Except feeding guidance, healthcare utilization were lower among migrant children than among local children. Generally, fathers have a stronger influence on children’s use of community-based healthcare than mothers do. The potential influence of fathers in promoting children’s healthcare use behaviors should be carefully considered, and fathers’ attention to children’s health should be increased.
Perinatal Environment Shapes Microbiota Colonization And Infant Growth: Impact On Host Response And Intestinal Function
Authors: Collado Maria Carmen , Selma-Royo Marta , Calatayud Marta , García-Mantrana Izaskun , Parra-Llorca Anna , Escuriet Ramón , Martínez-Costa Cecilia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Early microbial colonization triggers processes that result in intestinal maturation and immune priming. Perinatal factors, especially those associated with birth, including both mode and place of delivery are critical to shaping the infant gut microbiota with potential health consequences. Methods: Gut microbiota profile of 180 healthy infants (n=23 born at home and n=157 born in hospital, 41.7% via caesarean section [CS]) was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing at birth, seven days and one month of life. Breastfeeding habits, infant clinical data, including length, weight and antibiotic exposure, were collected up to 18 months of life. Long-term personalized in vitro models of the intestinal epithelium and innate immune system were used to assess the link between gut microbiota composition, intestinal function and immune response. Results: Microbiota profiles were shaped by the place and mode of delivery, and they had a distinct biological impact on the immune response and intestinal function in epithelial/immune cell models. Bacteroidetes and Bifidobacterium genus were decreased in C-section infants, who showed higher z-scores BMI and W/L during the first 18 months of life. Intestinal simulated epithelium had a stronger epithelial barrier function and intestinal maturation, alongside a higher immunological response (TLR4 route activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release), when exposed to home-birth fecal supernatants, compared with CS. Distinct host response could be associated with different microbiota profiles. Conclusions: Mode and place of birth influence the neonatal gut microbiota, likely shaping its interplay with the host through the maturation of the intestinal epithelium, regulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier and control of the innate immune system during early life, which can affect the phenotypic responses linked to metabolic processes in infants.
Enhancing the Lubricity of Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) Paraffinic Kerosene: Impact of the Additives on the Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Ababnah Hani , Mohamed Nasr , Choudhury Hanif , Zhang Lei Lei , Gani Rafiqul , McKay Gordon , Elbashir Nimir 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) is an ultra-clean fuel with low aromatic content and negligible quantities of sulfur compounds . Although, SPK has a good potential to replace the conventional fuel Jet A-1 , it also has some deficiencies. One of them is the low lubricity compared to its conventional counterpart Jet A-1. To improve the lubricity of SPK, three selected additives have been mixed with SPK at different concentrations. The lubricity of the samples was determined experimentally and the samples that meet the industry specifications have been studied further. The effect of the additives on the physicochemical properties, such as, density, flash point, freezing point, viscosity, and heat content, were investigated. Linoleic acid was found to be an excellent lubricity improver even at a very low concentration and its negative impact on the other physicochemical properties was found to be insignificant. Ethyl oleate also demonstrated significant improvement in lubricity at low concentrations but had a negative impact on the fuel’s freezing point at high concentrations. Quinoline, at high concentrations, elevated the blend’s freezing point above the acceptable limits. In parallel to the experimental campaign, a pre-existing mathematical modelling tool was utilized to predict the properties of interest. The lubricity model was successfully introduced into the mathematical model in order to improve the capabilities of the model. Linoleic acid sample showed the best improvement in lubricity of SPK with wear scar diameter of 4 17 μm; well below the ASTM D7566 maximum limit of 850µm. The dual nature of this study facilitated the optimization of the physicochemical properties of the fuel samples.
Bone density is an important influence factor: an analysis of perioperative hidden blood loss in femoral intertrochanteric fractures
Authors: Cui Haidong , Chen Kai , Lv Shujun , Yuan Chaoqun , Wang Youhua 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
[Background] To explore the influencing factors of perioperative hidden blood loss of intertrochanteric fractures. [Method] We undertook a retrospective analysis from January 2016 to October 2019. Clinical data of 118 patients with intertrochanteric fractures was included in. Hidden blood loss was calculated from the hematocrit changes before and after surgery, using the Gross equation, based on height, weight, and hematocrit (HCT) changes before and after surgery. Patients’ gender, age, presence of underlying diseases (hypertension and diabetes), fracture types, internal fixation methods, anesthesia methods, time from injury to surgery, whether to take antiplatelet drugs within 6 months before surgery, use of anticoagulant drugs after surgery, bone density were statistically analyzed. The factors with statistical significance were screened out. And then the hidden blood loss was used as the dependent variable and each influencing factor was the independent variable. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to analyze the related risk factors that affect the hidden blood loss during the perioperative period of intertrochanteric fractures. [Result] The apparent blood loss during operation was (203.81 ±105. 51) ml, and the hidden blood loss was (517.55±191.47) ml. There were significant differences in the hidden blood loss of patients with different internal fixation methods, fracture types, anesthesia methods, antiplatelet or postoperative anticoagulant drugs, and different bone density(P＜0. 05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that internal fixation, age, fracture type, anesthesia method, anticoagulant application, and bone density were related risk factors that affected hidden blood loss during surgical treatment of intertrochanteric fracture. [Conclusion] Hidden blood loss is the main cause of perioperative blood loss in intertrochanteric fractures, and the risk factors for hidden blood loss include internal fixation, fracture type, anesthesia, use of anticoagulant drugs. Specially, we found bone density was a risk factor for hidden blood loss. It is not reliable to use the apparent blood loss as the basis for fluid replacement and transfusion. We must fully consider the existence of hidden blood loss and intervene as soon as possible to prevent complications.
Psychological correlates of COVID-19 pandemic in the Austrian population
Authors: Traunmüller Claudia , Stefitz Rene , Gaisbachgrabner Kerstin , Schwerdtfeger Andreas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 poses the greatest challenge for the entire world since the Second World War. Governments are forced to define strict measures to avoid the spreading of the virus, which may further impose psychological burden for the majority of the population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychological distress in Austria during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: From 25 March to 3 April 2020, an anonymous online survey was conducted. Target group included all members of the Austrian population older than 15 years. The survey addressed the following areas (1) and sociodemographic data, (2) physical and mental health; (3) knowledge and concerns about COVID-19; (4) contact with infected people; (5) prevention efforts; (6) need for further information. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used to assess mental health. Analyses were based on 4,126 individuals (74% female, age: M = 38.68, SD = 13.36). Results: 43.3% rated the psychological impact as moderate (5.6%) or severe (37.7%). 26.5% reported moderate (13.3%) to severe (13.2%) depression; 20.3% moderate (8.9%) to severe (11.4%) anxiety and 21.2% reported to suffer from moderate (10.5%) or severe stress (10.7%). Being female, higher age, lower levels of education, concern about family members, internet as main source of information, student or pupil status, poor self-rated health, and downplaying the seriousness of the problem were signiﬁcantly associated with higher psychological burden. Protective factors were the possibility to work in home office, frequent (indirect) contact with family or friends, the availability of virus-specific information, confidence in the diagnosis capability, and physical activity during the crisis.Conclusion: This study is among the first in Europe on the psychological correlates of the COVID-19 pandemic. 37.7% of the Austrian study population reported a severe psychological impact on the event and 1 in 10 is considered to suffer from severe depression, anxiety or stress. The present findings inform about the identification of protective factors, psychologically vulnerable groups and may guide the development of psychological interventions.
Pediatric hypophosphatasia: lessons learned from a retrospective single-center chart review of 50 children
Authors: Vogt Marius , Girschick Hermann , Schweitzer Tilmann , Benoit Clemens , Holl-Wieden Annette , Seefried Lothar , Jakob Franz , Hofmann Christine 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare, inherited metabolic disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the ALPL gene that encodes the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase TNAP (ORPHA 436). Its clinical presentation is highly heterogeneous with a remarkably wide-ranging severity. HPP affects patients of all ages. In children HPP-related musculoskeletal symptoms may mimic rheumatologic conditions and diagnosis is often difficult and delayed. To improve the understanding of HPP in children and in order to shorten the diagnostic time span in the future we studied the natural history of the disease in our large cohort of pediatric patients. This single centre retrospective chart review included longitudinal data from 50 patients with HPP diagnosed and followed at the University Children`s Hospital Wuerzburg, Germany over the last 25 years. Results: The cohort comprises 4 (8%) perinatal, 17 (34%) infantile and 29 (58%) childhood onset HPP patients. Two patients were deceased at the time of data collection. Diagnosis was based on available characteristic clinical symptoms (in 88%), low alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity (in 96%), accumulating substrates of AP (in 58%) and X-ray findings (in 48%). Genetic analysis was performed in 48 patients (31 compound heterozygous, 15 heterozygous, 2 homozygous mutations per patient), allowing investigations on genotype-phenotype correlations. Based on anamnestic data, median age at first clinical symptoms was 3.5 months (min. 0, max. 107), while median time to diagnosis was 13 months (min. 0, max. 103). Common symptoms included: impairment of motor skills (78%), impairment of mineralization (72%), premature loss of teeth (64%), musculoskeletal pain and craniosynostosis (each 64%) and failure to thrive (62%). Up to now 20 patients started medical treatment with Asfotase alfa.Conclusions: Reported findings support the clinical perception of HPP being a chronic multi-systemic disease with often delayed diagnosis. Our natural history information provides detailed insights into the prevalence of different symptoms, which can help to improve and shorten diagnostics and thereby lead to an optimised medical care, especially with promising therapeutic options such as enzyme-replacement-therapy with Asfotase alfa in mind.
Straighter low lumbar curvature in isthmic spondylolisthesis at L4
Authors: Zheng Shaoli , Zhong Zhaoming , Zhu Qingan , Li Zongze , Zhu Siyuan , Yao Xinqiang , Zheng Shuai , Liao Congrui , Zhu Yongjian , Chen Jianting 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: This study was conducted to compare differences in imaging features and clinical symptoms between patients with single-level isthmic spondylolisthesis (IS) at L4 and at L5 and to investigate the correlation between imaging and clinical parameters. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated patients with single-level IS who were enrolled between June 2011 and June 2018. A total of 139 patients, 44 in the L4 IS group and 95 in the L5 IS group, met the study criteria and were included. Imaging and clinical parameters obtained from the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results: Patients in the L4 IS group had smaller lower lumbar lordosis (LLL) (27.1 ± 8.2 vs. 30.9 ± 9.3, P = 0.021) and were of older age (58.5 ± 8.7 vs. 52.8 ± 10.1, P < 0.01) than those in the L5 IS group. As per the Roussouly classification system, most patients with L4 IS were classified as Type 2 (43.2%), whereas most patients with L5 IS fell under Type 3 (44.2%). In the L5 IS group, pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL), and L5 incidence (L5I) were positively associated with slippage rate (SR), but the lumbosacral angle (LSA) was negatively associated with SR (P < 0.01). In the L4 IS group, only L5I showed a positive association with SR (P < 0.01). More significant associations were found among sagittal lumbo-pelvic parameters in the L5 IS group, but none were found between SR and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) in either group.Conclusions: When compared with patients with L5 IS, patients with L4 IS were of older age and had straighter low lumbar curvature when they were obviously symptomatic. PI was an important parameter for patients with L5 IS while for those with L4 IS, L5I deserved more attention for its significantly positive correlation with the degree of slippage.
Geomagnetic core field models and secular variation forecasts for the 13th International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF-13)
Authors: Wardinski Ingo , Saturnino Diana , Amit Hagay , Chambodut Aude , Langlais Benoit , Mandea Mioara , Thebault Erwan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Observations of the geomagnetic field taken at Earth's surface and at satellite altitude are combined to construct continuous models of the geomagnetic field and its secular variation from 1957 to 2020. From these parent models, we derive candidate main field models for the epochs 2015 and 2020 to the 13th generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). The secular variation candidate model for the period 2020 - 2025 is derived from a forecast of the secular variation in 2022.5, which results from a multi-variate singular spectrum analysis of the secular variation from 1957 to 2020.