bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Branched-Chain Amino Acid Catabolism Promotes Thrombosis Risk by Enhancing Tropomodulin-3 Propionylation in Platelets
Authors: Xu Yanyan , Jiang Haojie , Li Li , Chen Fengwu , Liu Yunxia , Zhou Meiyi , Wang Ji , Jiang Jingjing , Li Xiaoying , Fan Xuemei , Zhang Lin , Zhang Junfeng , Qiu Junqiang , Wu Yi , Fang Chao , Sun Haipeng , Liu Junling 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), essential nutrients including leucine, isoleucine, and valine, serve as a resource for energy production and the regulator of important nutrient and metabolic signals. Recent studies have suggested that dysfunction of BCAA catabolism is associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. Platelets play an important role in cardiovascular disease, but the functions of BCAA catabolism in platelets remain unknown.

Methods:
The activity of human platelets from healthy subjects before and after ingestion of BCAAs was measured. Protein phosphatase 2Cm specifically dephosphorylates branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase and thereby activates BCAA catabolism. Protein phosphatase 2Cm–deficient mice were used to elucidate the impacts of BCAA catabolism on platelet activation and thrombus formation.

Results:

We found that ingestion of BCAAs significantly promoted human platelet activity (n=5;
P
<0.001) and arterial thrombosis formation in mice (n=9;
P
<0.05). We also found that the valine catabolite α-ketoisovaleric acid and the ultimate oxidation product propionyl-coenzyme A showed the strongest promotion effects on platelet activation, suggesting that the valine/α-ketoisovaleric acid catabolic pathway plays a major role in BCAA-facilitated platelet activation. Protein phosphatase 2Cm deficiency significantly suppresses the activity of platelets in response to agonists (n=5;
P
<0.05). Our results also suggested that BCAA metabolic pathways may be involved in the integrin αIIbβ3–mediated bidirectional signaling pathway that regulates platelet activation. Mass spectrometry identification and immunoblotting revealed that BCAAs enhanced propionylation of tropomodulin-3 at K255 in platelets or Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing integrin αIIbβ3. The tropomodulin-3 K255A mutation abolished propionylation and attenuated the promotion effects of BCAAs on integrin-mediated cell spreading, suggesting that K255 propionylation of tropomodulin-3 is an important mechanism underlying integrin αIIbβ3–mediated BCAA-facilitated platelet activation and thrombosis formation. In addition, the increased levels of BCAAs and the expression of positive regulators of BCAA catabolism in platelets from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are significantly correlated with platelet hyperreactivity. Lowering dietary BCAA intake significantly reduced platelet activity in
ob/ob
mice (n=4;
P
<0.05).

Conclusions:
BCAA catabolism is an important regulator of platelet activation and is associated with arterial thrombosis risk. Targeting the BCAA catabolism pathway or lowering dietary BCAA intake may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for metabolic syndrome–associated thrombophilia.
Neuropathology of Congenital Heart Disease in an Inpatient Autopsy Cohort 2000–2017
Authors: Rettenmaier Leigh A. , Kirby Patricia A. , Reinking Benjamin E. , Viaene Angela N. , Hefti Marco M. 
Published: March 2020

Background

As a result of medical and surgical advancements in the management of congenital heart disease (
CHD
), survival rates have improved substantially, which has allowed the focus of
CHD
management to shift toward neurodevelopmental outcomes. Previous studies of the neuropathology occurring in
CHD
focused on cases preceding 1995 and reported high rates of white matter injury and intracranial hemorrhage, but do not reflect improvements in management of
CHD
in the past 2 decades. The purpose of this study is therefore to characterize the neuropathological lesions identified in subjects dying from
CHD
in a more‐recent cohort from 2 institutions.

Methods and Results

We searched the autopsy archives at 2 major children's hospitals for patients with cyanotic congenital cardiac malformations who underwent autopsy. We identified 50 cases ranging in age from 20 gestational weeks to 46 years. Acquired neuropathological lesions were identified in 60% (30 of 50) of subjects upon postmortem examination. The most common lesions were intracranial hemorrhage, most commonly subarachnoid (12 of 50; 24%) or germinal matrix (10 of 50; 20%), hippocampal injuries (10 of 50; 20%), and diffuse white matter gliosis (8 of 50; 16%). Periventricular leukomalacia was rare (3 of 50). Twenty‐six subjects underwent repair or palliation of their lesions. Of the 50 subjects, 60% (30 of 50) had isolated
CHD
, whereas 24% (12 of 50) were diagnosed with chromosomal abnormalities (trisomy 13, 18, chromosomal deletions, and duplications) and 16% (8/50) had multiple congenital anomalies.

Conclusions
In the modern era of pediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery, intracranial hemorrhage and microscopic gray matter hypoxic‐ischemic lesions are the dominant neuropathological lesions identified in patients coming to autopsy. Rates of more severe focal lesions, particularly periventricular leukomalacia, have decreased compared with historical controls.
Barriers, Opportunities, and Challenges in Addressing Disparities in Diet‐Related Cardiovascular Disease in the United States
Authors: Kris‐Etherton Penny M. , Petersen Kristina S. , Velarde Gladys , Barnard Neal D. , Miller Michael , Ros Emilio , O'Keefe James H. , Williams Kim , Horn Linda Van , Na Muzi , Shay Christina , Douglass Paul , Katz David L. , Freeman Andrew M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the United States, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability. Suboptimal diet quality is responsible for a greater percentage of CVD‐related morbidity and mortality than any other modifiable risk factor. Further troubling are the stark racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in diet quality. This represents a major public health concern that urgently requires a coordinated effort to better characterize the barriers to healthy dietary practices in population groups disproportionally affected by CVD and poor diet quality to inform multifaceted approaches at the government (policy), community environment, sociocultural, and individual levels. This paper reviews the barriers, opportunities, and challenges involved in shifting population behaviors, especially in underserved populations, toward healthy dietary practices. It is imperative that public health policies address the social determinants of nutrition more intensively than previously in order to significantly decrease CVD on a population‐wide basis.
Bioenergetics Consequences of Mitochondrial Transplantation in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Ali Pour Paria , Kenney M. Cristina , Kheradvar Arash 
Published: March 2020

Background
Mitochondrial transplantation has been recently explored for treatment of very ill cardiac patients. However, little is known about the intracellular consequences of mitochondrial transplantation. This study aims to assess the bioenergetics consequences of mitochondrial transplantation into normal cardiomyocytes in the short and long term.

Methods and Results

We first established the feasibility of autologous, non‐autologous, and interspecies mitochondrial transplantation. Then we quantitated the bioenergetics consequences of non‐autologous mitochondrial transplantation into cardiomyocytes up to 28 days using a Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Compared with the control, we observed a statistically significant improvement in basal respiration and
ATP
production 2‐day post‐transplantation, accompanied by an increase in maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity, although not statistically significantly. However, these initial improvements were short‐lived and the bioenergetics advantages return to the baseline level in subsequent time points.

Conclusions
This study, for the first time, shows that transplantation of non‐autologous mitochondria from healthy skeletal muscle cells into normal cardiomyocytes leads to short‐term improvement of bioenergetics indicating “supercharged” state. However, over time these improved effects disappear, which suggests transplantation of mitochondria may have a potential application in settings where there is an acute stress.
Dependence of MJO Predictability on Convective Parameterizations
Authors: Zhu Jieshun , Kumar Arun , Wang Wanqiu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study revisits MJO predictability based on the “perfect model” approach with a contemporary model. Experiments are performed to address the reasons for substantial uncertainties in current estimates of MJO predictability, with a focus on the influence of atmospheric convection parameterization. Specifically, two atmospheric convection schemes are applied for experiments with the NOAA Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2). MJO potential predictability and prediction skill are assessed, with MJO indices taken as the first two principal components of the combined fields of near-equatorially averaged 200-hPa zonal wind, 850-hPa zonal wind, and outgoing longwave radiation at the top of the atmosphere. Analyses indicate that the convection scheme alone can have substantial influence on the estimate of MJO predictability, with estimates differing by as much as 15 days. Further diagnostics suggest that the shorter predictability with one convection scheme is mainly caused by too weak of an MJO signal. The choice of atmospheric convection scheme also exerts effects on the phase dependency of MJO predictability, and the “Maritime Continent prediction barrier” is identified to be more evident with one convection scheme than with the other.
Slicing and Dicing Work in the Australian Horticulture Industry: Labour Market Segmentation within the Temporary Migrant Workforce
Authors: Howe Joanna , Reilly Alex , Clibborn Stephen , van den Broek Diane , Wright Chris F 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article exposes how disparity in the immigration rules of different visas combines with poor enforcement of labour standards to produce a segmented labour market in the Australian horticulture industry. We argue that the precarious work norms of the horticulture industry result in a ‘demand’ on the part of employers for harvest workers to perform precarious jobs. Such demand has been met by the workers supplied through different segments of temporary migrant labour who may be a particularly attractive form of precarious labour because of the conditionalities they experience as a result of their visa class. Our analysis demonstrates that not only do growers make preferences between local and temporary migrant workers, but they also make preferences between different types of temporary migrant workers. In identifying segmentation between temporary migrant workers on different visa categories, the article makes a significant contribution to the labour market segmentation literature, which hitherto has focused on segmentation between migrant workers and non-migrant workers.
Craving is everything: An eye-tracking exploration of attentional bias in binge drinking
Authors: Bollen Zoé , Masson Nicolas , Salvaggio Samuel , D’Hondt Fabien , Maurage Pierre 
Published: March 2020

Background: Attentional bias towards alcohol-related stimuli is a core characteristic of severe alcohol use disorders (AUD), directly linked to clinical variables (e.g. alcohol consumption, relapse). Nevertheless, the extent of this bias in subclinical populations remains poorly documented. This is particularly true for binge drinking, an alcohol consumption pattern highly prevalent in youth, characterised by an alternation between excessive intakes and withdrawal periods. Aims: We used eye-tracking to: (a) measure attentional bias in binge drinking, (b) determine its time course by dissociating early/late processing stages, (c) clarify its specificity for alcohol-related stimuli compared to other appetitive stimulations and (d) explore its modulation by current craving intensity. Methods: Binge drinkers ( n=42) and matched controls ( n=43) performed a visual probe task, requiring visual targets preceded by pairs of pictures to be processed, with three conditions (i.e. alcohol vs. soft drink, alcohol vs. high-calorie food, high-calorie food vs. low-calorie food). Results: No group difference was observed for early processing (i.e. first area of interest visited). Dwell times highlighted a bias towards soft drinks and healthy food among controls, without any global bias towards alcohol in binge drinkers. Centrally, a comparison of binge drinkers with low versus high current craving intensity indicated that binge drinking was associated with a bias towards alcohol and high-calorie food only in the presence of a high craving towards these stimuli. Conclusion: Attentional bias towards alcohol reported in severe AUD is only found in binge drinkers in the presence of high craving and is generalised to other appetitive cues.
Uric acid distribution volume calculated by kinetic modeling and extracellular volume predicted by bioimpedance method
Authors: Shinzato Toru , Nakai Shigeru , Ito Takahito , Shibata Kazuhiko , Matsuoka Teppei , Kato Shinya , Aoki Takeshi , Masakane Ikuto , Hayashi Hiroki , Tsuboi Naotake , Hasegawa Midori , Inaguma Daijo , Yuzawa Yukio , Ookawara Susumu 
Published: March 2020

Background: Several reports indicate that extracellular volume predicted by bioimpedance analysis method is associated with hydration status of hemodialysis patients. Theory: Fundamentally, uric acid does not cross cell membranes by simple diffusion, either by facilitated diffusion or by active transport. In addition, uric acid cannot move through cell membranes in most tissues other than those involved in uric acid excretion. These facts support the interpretation that uric acid distribution volume would therefore correlate with extracellular volume. Methods: We examined correlation between uric acid distribution volume calculated by uric acid mass-balance modeling from regular blood test results and extracellular volume predicted by bioimpedance analysis predicted by BCM (Fresenius Medical Care) in 53 patients. Results: There was a significant correlation between uric acid distribution volume ( x) and extracellular volume predicted by bioimpedance analysis ( y): y = 0.69 x + 3.39, r2 = 0.61, p < 0.0001. Bland–Altman analysis showed systematic error for uric acid distribution volume versus extracellular volume predicted by bioimpedance analysis (mean difference between uric acid distribution volume and extracellular volume predicted by bioimpedance analysis was 0.94 L, 95% confidence interval of difference was −3.29 to 5.17 L). Conclusion: Uric acid distribution volume calculated by uric acid mass-balance modeling from regular blood test results may be an alternative marker of extracellular volume predicted by bioimpedance analysis.
Problems, Related to the Occurrence of Organic Pollutants in the Indoor Environment
Authors: Kliest J. J. G. , Bloemen H. J. Th. 
Published: March 2020

Evaluation of the occurrence of organic compounds in the indoor environment is needed on at least two levels: 1. Evaluation of the overall prevalence of organic compounds in the indoor air. 2. Evaluation of abnormal concentrations in the indoor air as a result of more or less special circumstances. On both levels this evaluation can be problematic as a result of missing information on exposure to, and health risks of the measured compounds. As a result of this, only general remarks can be made about the relevance of the presence of organic compounds in the indoor air. The choice of the right policy is therefore often difficult. When, as a result of special circumstances the indoor air concentrations of organic compounds are elevated as in the case of houses built on polluted soil, or houses treated with a hydrofobing agent it is as a consequence, often difficult to take effectively the proper decisions. To solve these problems, a great deal of research appears to be necessary. By using all available information produced by the analysis and new techniques like pattern and source-recognition it may be possible to do this research in a more direct way.
Research on Risk Assessment and Risk Management: Future Directions
Authors: Grant L. D. , Jarabek A. M. 
Published: March 2020

This paper has been reviewed by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The U.S. EPA has increasingly relied upon quantitative health risk assessments as the basis for management decisions about public health protection. Full utilization of risk assessment in management applications, however, is limited by uncertainties in the resultant accuracy of the risk estimates. This paper will discuss a research strategy to address the uncertainties in the risk assessment process and describe parallel issues to address in the risk management area. An attendant need for effective communication of complex scientific concepts is also identified.
Informational Needs in Patients With Breast Cancer With Lymphedema: Is It Important?
Authors: Dorri Sara , Olfatbakhsh Asiie , Asadi Farkhondeh 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Lymphedema is one of the complications of breast cancer treatment. It has no cure yet and can affect the quality of life. This study aimed to identify and investigate informational needs, preferred delivery methods, and time of receiving information about lymphedema for these patients. Methods: One hundred participants were recruited through Lymphedema Clinic in Motamed Cancer Institute in Tehran, Iran, through convenience sampling and were asked to complete a self-administered survey. Data collection took place on all opening days between October 2018 and mid-March 2019. Results: Most of the participants were above 40 years, have a diploma, homemaker, and the average income of most of the participants (57.2%) was low. The importance of having lymphedema information was very high for them. Most of them wanted detailed information at diagnosis of breast cancer. The preferred information of delivery methods were private sessions and social networks. Conclusions: Patients with breast cancer who have lymphedema have high needs as regards concise lymphedema information. Private sessions with physicians and social networks can provide detailed information for them.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between Epstein–Barr virus, multiple sclerosis and other risk factors
Authors: Jacobs Benjamin M , Giovannoni Gavin , Cuzick Jack , Dobson Ruth 
Published: March 2020

Background: Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is thought to play a central role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). If causal, it represents a target for interventions to reduce MS risk. Objective: To examine the evidence for interaction between EBV and other risk factors, and explore mechanisms via which EBV infection may influence MS risk. Methods: Pubmed was searched using the terms ‘multiple sclerosis’ AND ‘Epstein Barr virus’, ‘multiple sclerosis’ AND EBV, ‘clinically isolated syndrome’ AND ‘Epstein Barr virus’ and ‘clinically isolated syndrome’ AND EBV. All abstracts were reviewed for possible inclusion. Results: A total of 262 full-text papers were reviewed. There was evidence of interaction on the additive scale between anti-EBV antibody titre and HLA genotype (attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) = 0.48, p < 1 × 10−4). Previous infectious mononucleosis (IM) was associated with increased odds ratio (OR) of MS in HLA-DRB1*1501 positive but not HLA-DRB1*1501 negative persons. Smoking was associated with a greater risk of MS in those with high anti-EBV antibodies (OR = 2.76) but not low anti-EBV antibodies (OR = 1.16). No interaction between EBV and risk factors was found on a multiplicative scale. Conclusion: EBV appears to interact with at least some established MS risk factors. The mechanism via which EBV influences MS risk remains unknown.
Maintenance of natalizumab during the first trimester of pregnancy in active multiple sclerosis
Authors: Demortiere Sarah , Rico Audrey , Maarouf Adil , Boutiere Clémence , Pelletier Jean , Audoin Bertrand 
Published: March 2020

Background: Planning pregnancy in patients with active multiple sclerosis (MS) is highly challenging because treatment withdrawn may be associated with dramatic disease reactivation. Objective: To compare two strategies for women with active MS who were planning pregnancy: stopping natalizumab (1) at the end of the first trimester and (2) at conception. Methods: Standardized strategy for women with active MS was initiated in our department. Maintenance of natalizumab until the end of first trimester was recommended (“secured first trimester” (SFT)). When patients refused, they were advised to continue until conception (“secured conception” (SC)). Predictors of disease activity during pregnancy were assessed. Results: Forty-six pregnancies were prospectively followed (30 with SFT and 16 with SC). One congenital anomaly occurred in the SC group. The proportions of patients with relapse and disability progression during pregnancy were lower in the SFT than in the SC group (3.6% vs 38.5%, p < 0.005 and 3.6% vs 30.8%, p < 0.05, respectively). Predictors of relapse and disability progression during pregnancy were the time when natalizumab was stopped (conception vs end of first trimester) and the number of relapses during the year before natalizumab. Conclusion: Maintaining natalizumab during the first trimester may reduce the risk of disease reactivation during pregnancy in patients with active MS.
Skin Reaction Report Form: Development and Design of a Standardized Report Form for Skin Reactions Due to Medical Devices for Diabetes Management
Authors: Freckmann Guido , Buck Sina , Waldenmaier Delia , Zschornack Eva , Link Manuela , Jendrike Nina , Obstfelder Ines , Vetrugno Sara , Kamann Stefanie , Haug Cornelia 
Published: March 2020

Background: Skin reactions due to medical devices for diabetes management have become a common problem in diabetes technology. There is a varying degree in how detailed skin reactions are described in scientific literature and diabetes practice, and no uniform structured documentation is given. Whereas most articles only describe findings, some others already document final diagnoses, such as contact dermatitis. Furthermore, inconsistent wordings for comparable issues were used. Methods: A more detailed and standardized documentation, possibly facilitated by a generally accepted guideline for structured descriptions, of skin reactions could be helpful to enable better differentiations between the described skin reactions. Therefore, a report form to assess skin reactions due to medical devices in diabetes therapy was developed and will be presented in this article. Results: The one-page report form is divided into four categories and a separate instruction paper. Beside general information the form includes the location, size, severity and duration of skin appearances, the grading of itching, and suspected diagnoses. Conclusion: A consistent use of the form in daily practice and clinical trials could facilitate a fast and standardized documentation and help to evaluate the occurrence and severity of different skin reactions due to medical devices in diabetes management.