bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthodontic Trainees' Perceptions of Effective Feedback in the United Kingdom
Authors: Chawla Rachna K. , Ryan Fiona S. , Cunningham Susan J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionFeedback is an invaluable educational tool and is now widely used in education, despite some of the challenges and barriers to its implementation. Effective feedback in medical and dental education is a driver for improvement, by recognising good performance and identifying areas where improvement is required. This, in turn, can translate into better patient care, as feedback can positively impact on clinical performance. To date, there is limited literature about feedback mechanisms in orthodontic training and trainees' perceptions of how effective the various methods are.MethodsThis was a national, cross‐sectional questionnaire investigating orthodontic trainees' perceptions of effective feedback relating to chairside clinical training. An electronic questionnaire was developed and an invitation to participate was disseminated via the British Orthodontic Society (BOS) to postgraduate orthodontic trainees in the United Kingdom (UK). The population included all trainees at ST1‐5 level who were BOS members, aged 25 years and above, including those appointed by Health Education England (HEE) and those who were non‐HEE appointed. The questionnaire was open for an 11‐week period between 10 February 2022 and 28 April 2022.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 68 participants with a mean age of 30.7 years and the response rate was approximately 30%. Trainees agreed that effective feedback improved their clinical skills and performance (99%) and 82% felt comfortable requesting feedback from their supervisors. The main perceived barrier to obtaining high quality in‐depth feedback was perceived time pressures for educators (87%).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated positive findings regarding trainees' perceptions of feedback processes in UK clinical orthodontic training. Perceived barriers to effective feedback included time constraints and the perception that trainers were too busy to provide in‐depth feedback.
Climate Covariate Choice and Uncertainty in Projecting Species Range Shifts: A Case Study in the Eastern Bering Sea
Authors: Goodman Maurice C. , Reum Jonathan C. P. , Barnes Cheryl L. , Punt Andre E. , Ianelli James N. , McHuron Elizabeth A. , De Leo Giulio A. , Holsman Kirstin K. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSpecies distribution models (SDMs) are critical to the adaptive management of fisheries under climate change. While many approaches projecting marine species range shifts have incorporated the effects of temperature on movement, there is a need to incorporate a wider suite of ecologically relevant predictors as temperature‐based SDMs can considerably under‐ or over‐estimate the rate of species responses to climate shocks. As a subarctic ecosystem at the sea ice margin, the Eastern Bering Sea (EBS) is warming faster than much of the global ocean, resulting in the rapid redistribution of key fishery and subsistence resources. To support long‐term planning and adaptation, we combine 40 years of scientific surveys with a high‐resolution oceanographic model to examine the effects of bottom temperature, oxygen, pH and a regional climate index (the extent of the EBS ‘cold pool’) on range projections through the end of the century. We use multimodel inference to partition uncertainty among earth systems models, climate scenarios and distribution model parameterizations for several ecologically and economically important EBS groundfish and crabs. Covariate choice is the primary source of uncertainty for most species, with models that account for spatial responses to the cold pool performing better and suggesting more extensive northward movements than alternative models. Models suggest declines in the probability of occurrence at low pH and oxygen concentrations for most species. We project shifts that are directionally consistent with, yet larger than those previously estimated for most species, suggesting that accounting for large‐scale climate variability in species distribution models may substantially alter range projections.
Perception of medical care among women living with HIV aged 40 years or older–A European‐wide survey
Authors: Miron Victor Daniel , Sabin Caroline A. , Săndulescu Oana , Lourida Giota , Kyrychenko Tetiana , Dragovic Gordana , Kowalska Justyna , Mellgren Åsa , Galindo M. José , Josh Jo , Moseholm Ellen ,   the WAVE Healthcare Perception Working Group
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesOur objective was to explore how women living with HIV aged ≥40 years perceive their care in relation to their HIV infection, comorbidities, and menopausal health and to evaluate the extent to which the care they receive meets their expectations, comparatively across World Health Organization (WHO) European regions.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey (May–December 2023) among women living with HIV aged ≥40 years from the WHO European region. Five dimensions of care were assessed: content of care, information, relationship with caregiver, organization of care, and patients' rights and privacy, in addition to management of non‐HIV comorbidities and menopause.ResultsIn total, 600 women completed the survey; they were predominantly from the Western European region (70.2%), followed by the Eastern (20.2%) and Central (9.6%) regions. The majority of women (46.5%–95.1%) described positive experiences, responding that they were ‘always’ or ‘usually’ satisfied with the five dimensions of HIV care. The concordance between perceptions and experiences of HIV care ranged from 49.4% to 96.1% and was lower in the Eastern region. Among menopausal women, 58.5% were ‘very satisfied’ or ‘satisfied’ with the care they received; satisfaction was significantly lower in Eastern European countries than in Western countries.ConclusionsOur results highlighted a generally high concordance between respondents' expectations and the services provided, including both HIV and non‐HIV care. Women aged ≥40 years living with HIV face several challenges that should be addressed. These findings inform stakeholders and decision‐makers about the need to adopt a more inclusive and sensitive approach in healthcare systems.
Al2O3‐improved CaZr4(PO4)6 composite ceramics for matched to the thermal expansion of silicon wafers
Authors: Ruan Limei , Li Yuanxun , Yang Rui , Li Fuyu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDuring silicon wafer testing, a mismatch between the thermal expansion characteristics of the wafer probe card and the silicon wafer is likely to result in the probe not being able to maintain precise alignment with the various contact points on the wafer. To address this challenge, CaZr4(PO4)6 + x wt% Al2O3 composite ceramics (CZPA, x = 0–25) are prepared by the solid‐phase reaction method. when x = 5, the bulk density achieves the maximum value (3.17 g/cm3). Young's modulus reaches a maximum (58 GPa) at x = 5. The x‐ and y‐axis shrinkages are in the range of 5.67%–8.67% and the z‐axis shrinkage is in the range of 7.11%–9.91%. The coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) gradually increase with the increase of Al2O3 doping and achieve a near‐Si thermal expansion coefficient at x = 15, which means that it matches the thermal expansion of silicon wafers. This ceramic developed in this work is expected to be applied to multilayer‐matched substrates matched to silicon.
Tailoring porosity and pore size in silicon carbide ceramics with C/SiO2 additions
Authors: Yin Kexin , Sun Wenyue , Yi Menghuan , Hu Pu , Huang Zhiliang , Chen Changlian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPorous silicon carbide ceramics are ideal candidates for filters, separation membranes, and high‐temperature structural materials, for which high porosity and precise pore size control are required. However, high porosity and large pore sizes usually lead to degradation in mechanical properties. In this work, silicon carbide powder with two different particle sizes was used as the raw material, and C powder and SiO2 powder were used as pore‐forming agents. A series of pure silicon carbide porous ceramics with micron‐sized pores were prepared by recrystallization sintering. The porosity and pore size of obtained samples were controllable and adjustable, and the mechanical properties were significantly enhanced. The microstructure, pore size distribution, porosity, and crystal phase of silicon carbide porous ceramics were characterized by scanning electron microscope, pore size analyzer, Archimedes method, and X‐ray diffraction. The effect of adding C/SiO2 on the porosity, the pore size, and the micro‐morphology of sintering samples was studied. The results show that C/SiO2 can adjust the porosity and pore size of pure silicon carbide porous ceramics in a wide range. The highest porosity of the obtained sample adding 40% C/SiO2 was up to 64.42%, and the average and maximum aperture are 5.42 and 11.98 µm, respectively.
Modeling and generating user‐centered contrastive explanations for the workforce scheduling and routing problem
Authors: Lerouge Mathieu , Gicquel Céline , Mousseau Vincent , Ouerdane Wassila 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the last decade, explainability has been attracting much attention in the machine learning community. However, this research topic extends beyond this field to encompass others such as operations research and combinatorial optimization (CO). This paper addresses this issue in the case of the workforce scheduling and routing problem (WSRP), a CO problem involving human resource allocation and routing decisions. We first introduce a novel mathematical framework that models the process of explaining solutions to the end‐users of a WSRP‐solving system. Then, we present original algorithmic methods to generate explanation texts employing a high‐level vocabulary adapted to such end‐users. Explanations are user‐centered, local, and contrastive. They are triggered by end‐user questions about various topics regarding a solution of a WSRP instance. Both questions and explanations are expressed as texts thanks to templates. Numerical experiments show that the algorithms generating explanation texts have execution times that are mostly compatible with the online use of explanations in an interactive system.
Postcholecystectomy Gut Microbiome Changes and the Clinical Impact: A Systematic Review With Narrative Synthesis
Authors: Ang Tiing Leong , Koo Seok Hwee , Ang Daphne , Tan Chin Kimg , Wang Lai Mun , Wong Sunny Hei , Chow Pierce K. H. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCholecystectomy (CCE) can affect the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and result in gut microbiome changes. This systematic review aimed to clarify the effect of CCE on gut microbiome composition and its clinical impact.MethodA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, combining keywords such as “cholecystectomy” or “post‐cholecystectomy” with “gut microbiome,” “stool microbiome,” or “gut dysbiosis.” Data were extracted and synthesized using narrative review. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale.ResultsA total of 1373 articles were screened and 14 studies were selected. Significant but inconsistent microbiome changes were reported. Changes were observed in alpha and beta diversity. At phylum level, an increase in Bacteroides and Ascomycota, decrease in Firmicutes, Actinomycetes, and Basidiomycota, and both increase and decrease in Fusobacteria were reported. At genus level, an increase in Prevotella and a decrease in Faecalibacterium were reported. In post‐CCE diarrhea, decreased beta diversity, a decreased F/B ratio, an increase in Prevotella, an increase in Phocaeicola vulgatus, and a decrease in Prevotella copri were noted. For post‐CCE syndrome, a higher abundance of Proteobacteria and decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroides (F/B) ratio were reported. A decreased relative abundance of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum from controls to CCE without colonic neoplasia to CCE with colonic neoplasia, and an increased abundance of Candida glabrata from controls, to CCE without colonic neoplasia and CCE with colonic neoplasia, were reported.ConclusionPatients who underwent CCE had significant gut dysbiosis. However, current studies could not clarify the detailed gut microbial structural and functional changes associated with CCE.
Neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1) promotes the synaptic targeting of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65)
Authors: Su Feifei , Pfundstein Grant , Sah Saroj , Zhang Shuyue , Keable Ryan , Hagan D. Walker , Sharpe Laura J. , Clemens Kelly J. , Begg Denovan , Phelps Edward A. , Brown Andrew J. , Leshchyns'ka Iryna , Sytnyk Vladimir 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNeuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1) is a synaptic plasma membrane localized cell adhesion molecule implicated in a wide spectrum of psychiatric disorders. By RNAseq analysis of the transcriptomic changes in the brain of NEGR1‐deficient mice, we found that NEGR1 deficiency affects the expression of the Gad2 gene. We show that glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), the Gad2 ‐ encoded enzyme synthesizing the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA on synaptic vesicles, accumulates non‐synaptically in brains of NEGR1‐deficient mice. The density of non‐synaptic GAD65 accumulations is also increased in NEGR1 deficient cultured hypothalamic neurons, and this effect is rescued by re‐expression of NEGR1. By using a novel biosensor of the plasma membrane attachment of GAD65, we demonstrate that GAD65 attaches to the plasma membrane. NEGR1 promotes palmitoylation‐dependent clearance of GAD65 from the plasma membrane and targeting of GAD65 to plasma membrane‐derived endocytic vesicles. In NEGR1 deficient cultured hypothalamic neurons, the synaptic and extrasynaptic levels of the plasma membrane attached GAD65 are increased, and the synaptic levels of GABA are reduced. NEGR1‐deficient mice are characterized by reduced body weight, lower GABAergic synapse densities in the arcuate nucleus, and blunted responsiveness to the reinforcing effects of food rewards. Our results indicate that abnormalities in synaptic GABA synthesis can contribute to brain disorders associated with abnormal expression of NEGR1 in humans.image
Association between alcohol consumption levels and pelvic inflammatory disease: Findings from the NHANES 2013–2020
Authors: Wang Daji , Xiong Jianbo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground and AimPelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common and serious infection affecting women's reproductive health, which may result in severe consequences, such as infertility. This research is to investigate the association between alcohol consumption levels and the odds of PID prevalence, providing insights that could inform public health policies.Methods and ResultsThe U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2020 is the data source. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, trend analysis, and curve fitting were employed to examine the associations between alcohol consumption levels and the odds of PID prevalence. Regarding subgroup analysis, we utilized the stratified analysis and interaction test to investigate the robustness of this association. Compared with participants who never consumed alcohol, alcohol consumption increased the odds of PID prevalence. The odds of PID prevalence increased with the increase in the level of alcohol consumption. In the fully adjusted model, compared to non‐drinkers, the odds ratios (OR) for PID were 1.89 (95% CI: 1.23–2.92) for mild drinkers, 1.94 (95% CI: 1.24–3.04) for moderate drinkers, and 2.01 (95% CI: 1.27–3.19) for heavy drinkers, indicating an increased prevalence of PID by 89, 94, and 101%, respectively. This association was consistently observed across the study population.ConclusionsAlcohol consumption levels were positively related to the odds of PID prevalence among adult females in the United States. Our results indicate that reducing alcohol consumption and cultivating good living habits will likely help prevent PID in the general population.
Floridanema gen. nov. (Aerosakkonemataceae, Aerosakkonematales ord. nov., Cyanobacteria) from benthic tropical and subtropical fresh waters, with the description of four new species
Authors: Moretto Jéssica A. , Berthold David E. , Lefler Forrest W. , Huang I‐Shuo , Laughinghouse H. Dail 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCyanobacteria exhibit a vast diversity from polar to tropical environments. Though much work has been done on elucidating their biodiversity, knowledge on the occurrence, diversity and toxicity of benthic cyanobacteria is limited when compared to the planktonic forms. Integrating molecular techniques with ecological and morphological analyses has become essential in untangling cyanobacterial diversity, particularly for benthic taxa such as the cryptic “Lyngbya.” Molecular markers such as the 16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequencing have significantly improved the taxonomy of cyanobacteria. Building on these advancements, this study characterizes benthic cyanobacterial isolates from various locations in Florida, USA, and Orange Walk, Belize, resulting in the identification of a novel genus, Floridanema, and four new species (F. aerugineum, F. evergladense, F. flaviceps, and F. fluviatile). This new genus commonly occurs in canals, ponds, lakes and rivers. By integrating ecological, morphological, and genomic analyses, this study provides support for the family Aerosakkonemataceae and the establishment of the order Aerosakkonematales. The LC–MS data revealed that Floridanema strains do not produce microcystins, nodularin‐R, or anabaenopeptins.
Species composition and abundance of crustose coralline algae and formation of Xinfeng algal reef in Northwestern Taiwan
Authors: Lin Showe‐Mei , Liu Li‐Chia , Shiao Jen‐Chieh , Huang Chih‐Chien , Tseng Li‐Chun , Lee Hsin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe composition and abundance of crustose coralline algae (CCA) have been documented in the Xinfeng algal reef (XAR). Eight CCA species were identified, including four in Phymatolithon (P. margoundulatum, P. taiwanense, P. variabile, and Phymatolithon sp.) and four only identified to the genus level (Chamberlainium sp. and three Dawsoniolithon spp.). Chamberlainium sp. was the most abundant species, while the three species of Dawsoniolithon were rarely observed. The CCA coverage varied from 18% ± 15% to 27% ± 21% in spring seasons of 2021–2024, but there were no significant differences. Based on carbon‐14 dating, the CCA sediments in the XAR were estimated to be 5850–5990 years old. These CCA sediments were primarily composed of two paleo‐CCA species, resembling modern Chamberlainium sp. and Dawsoniolithon sp. 1. However, the modern species of Phymatolithon, which are widespread and abundant in the algal reefs of northwestern Taiwan, were not observed in the CCA sediments. It is unclear whether their absence was due to fragile thalli after their death or their lack of occurrence, and this requires further investigation. The paleoenvironmental data and biogenic sediment composition analysis suggests that the XAR started to develop ~6000 years ago when the sea surface temperature began to decrease and seawater turbidity increased due to rainfall. Additional CCA sediment samples from this algal reef are needed to fully understand the historical changes in the paleo‐environments in the XAR.
Rising Mortality of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Among Older Adults in the United States: An Analysis of Demographic and Regional Trends
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Ali , Malik Minhail Khalid , Khan Madiha , Majoka Zunaira Ahsan , Asrar Aeman 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most frequent primary liver malignancy after hepatocellular carcinoma. Contemporary mortality trends due to ICC are largely unknown. We aim to examine the temporal trends of ICC‐related deaths among older adults in the United States from 1999 to 2022.MethodsWe utilised the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide‐Ranging, Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database, which provides information from death certificates of all US residents according to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD‐10).ResultsBetween 1999 and 2022, there were 90 996 deaths attributed to ICC among individuals aged 65 and older. Overall, there is an increasing trend in ICC mortality; the total AAMR increased from 5.6 in 1999 to 14.3 in 2022 with an annual increase of 3.3%. Males had consistently higher AAMR than females across all years. For males, AAMR initially increased by 2.9% annually from 1999 to 2015, and since then, the rate has accelerated to a 3.9% annual increase. Conversely, females experienced a steady annual increase of 3.4% in AAMR from 1999 to 2022. When stratified by race, AAMR was highest among the Non‐Hispanic (NH) Asian population, followed by Hispanic or Latino, NH Whites and NH Blacks. In brief, the AAMR has increased for all races; however, the NH Black population has experienced the greatest rise in AAMR during the study duration (APC: 4.0%; 95% CI, 3.5 to 4.8). Large metropolitan areas had a higher overall AAMR than small/medium metropolitan and non‐metropolitan areas, though the rate of increase was comparable across all regions. States within the top 90th percentile of ICC‐related deaths included Minnesota, Alaska, District of Columbia, Wisconsin, Massachusetts and Rhode Island.ConclusionsOver the past two decades, there has been a consistent rise in mortality rates associated with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States. This upward trajectory underscores the imperative for additional research aimed at comprehending and delineating the underlying risk factors driving this increase.
Independent Genetic Mapping Experiments Identify Diverse Molecular Determinants of Host Adaptation in a Generalist Herbivore
Authors: Villacis‐Perez Ernesto , De Graeve Femke , De Beer Berdien , Ali Alshami Seham , De Jong Rick , De Meyer Tim , Van Leeuwen Thomas 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTInteractions between plants and herbivores promote evolutionary change. Studying the evolution of herbivore mechanisms aimed to cope with different host plant species is a critical intersection between evolutionary biology and sustainable pest management. Generalist herbivores are of particular interest, as hybridization between genetically distinct populations can increase the standing genetic variation and therefore the adaptive potential of the species. Tetranychus urticae is a generalist arthropod known for its adaptive potential, evidenced in its immense host range and ability to develop metabolic resistance to xenobiotics. However, the molecular underpinnings associated with the potential of host adaptation and the consequences of host adaptation in this, and many other pests remain elusive. Here, we use two independent, empirical approaches to identify and map the genetic basis of host plant performance and adaptation in genetically distinct populations of T. urticae. In the first approach, we subject a genetically diverse mite population to tomato selection and map genomic regions linked to the phenotypic evolution of increased reproductive performance. In the second approach, we map genomic regions responsible for performance on tomato by comparing the genomes of pooled individuals from an F2 backcross between populations with high and low reproductive performance. Both approaches revealed specific and shared genomic regions associated with host plant performance and adaptation and key candidate genes were identified. Our findings highlight the power of spider mite genetic approaches to identify the complex genetic basis of host adaptation in generalist herbivores.