bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Firm’s Annual Turnover in Selected Manufacturing Industries of India
Authors: Singh Ajay K. , Jyoti Bhim 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: This study makes a comparison of the manufacturing sector and its determinants for India and selected Asian countries. It examines the factors affecting the annual turnover of randomly selected 154 firms in seven different industries of the Indian manufacturing sector.
Methods: In this study, the firm’s annual turnover is used as a dependent variable. Labor productivity, age, investment on plant & machinery, annual expenditure on marketing, total employees, production technology up-gradation, shortage of skilled workers, skills to improve the process, use of hi-tech tool and technique in production activities, technology transfer abilities, in-house R&D expertise, quality certification, foreign collaboration, waste management capabilities and building capacity of firms are used as independent variables. Regression coefficients of explanatory variables are assessed using linear, log-linear, and non-linear regression models.
Results: The study concluded that the firm's annual turnover has a significant association with technological development related variables, labor productivity, age, technology transfer abilities, in-house R&D expertise, quality certification, and waste management practices of firms.
Implications: It suggests that Indian policymakers need to adopt a strong IPRs, education, and S&T policy in research institutions. India needs to increase R&D expenditure and researchers in research institutions. Research institutions should collaborate with the existing industries to discover more technologies and innovations for the manufacturing sector. All research organizations must set up technology transfer offices to increase technology transfer and commercialization. Furthermore, India needs to set up hi-tech firms to face global challenges.
Originality: It uses primary data of 154 firms which are collected from seven different industries across Indian states. Thus, the study substantially contributes to the existing literature.
Limitations: This study considers seven different industries that have high diversity in socio-economic, science & technological and IPRs related activities, technology transfer, commercialization of technology, and association with research institutions. Therefore, this study cannot provide policy suggestions for a specific industry.
Tidal Disruptions of Main-sequence Stars. III. Stellar Mass Dependence of the Character of Partial Disruptions
Authors: Ryu Taeho , Krolik Julian , Piran Tsvi , Noble Scott C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the third in this series, we continue our study of tidal disruption events of main-sequence stars by a nonspinning 106
M
⊙ supermassive black hole. Here we focus on the stellar mass dependence of the outcomes of partial disruptions. As the encounter becomes weaker, the debris mass is increasingly concentrated near the outer edges of the energy distribution. As a result, the mass fallback rate can deviate substantially from a t
−5/3 power law, becoming more like a single peak with a tail declining as t
−p
with p ≃ 2–5. Surviving remnants are spun-up in the prograde direction and are hotter than main-sequence stars of the same mass. Their specific orbital energy is ≃10−3× that of the debris, but of either sign with respect to the black hole potential, while their specific angular momentum is close to that of the original star. Even for strong encounters, remnants have speeds at infinity relative to the black hole potential ≲300 km s−1, so they are unable to travel far out into the galactic bulge. The remnants most deeply bound to the black hole go through a second tidal disruption event upon their first return to pericenter; if they have not thermally relaxed, they will be completely disrupted.
Spectroscopic Observations of High-speed Downflows in a C1.7 Solar Flare
Authors: Zhou Yi-An , Li Y. , Ding M. D. , Hong Jie , Yu Ke 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the high-resolution UV spectra for a C1.7 solar flare (SOL2017-09-09T06:51) observed by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). We focus on the spectroscopic observations at the locations where the cool lines of Si iv 1402.8 Å (∼104.8 K) and C ii 1334.5/1335.7 Å (∼104.4 K) reveal significant redshifts with Doppler velocities up to ∼150 km s−1. These redshifts appear in the rise phase of the flare, then increase rapidly, reach the maximum in a few minutes, and proceed into the decay phase. Combining the images from IRIS and Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory, we propose that the redshifts in the cool lines are caused by the downflows in the transition region and upper chromospheric layers, which likely result from a magnetic reconnection leading to the flare. In addition, the cool Si iv and C ii lines show gentle redshifts (a few tens of km s−1) at some other locations, which manifest some distinct features from the above locations. This is supposed to originate from a different physical process.
Hinode/EIS Measurements of Active-region Magnetic Fields
Authors: Landi E. , Hutton R. , Brage T. , Li W. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The present work illustrates the potential of a new diagnostic technique that allows the measurement of the coronal magnetic field strength in solar active regions by utilizing a handful of bright Fe x and Fe xi lines commonly observed by the high-resolution Hinode/EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS). The importance of this new diagnostic technique is twofold: (1) the coronal magnetic field is probably the most important quantity in coronal physics, being at the heart of the processes regulating space weather and the properties of the solar corona, and (2) this technique can be applied to the existing EIS archive spanning from 2007 to 2020, including more than one full solar cycle and covering a large number of active regions, flares, and even coronal mass ejections. This new diagnostic technique opens the door to a whole new field of studies, complementing the magnetic field measurements from the upcoming DKIST and UCoMP ground-based observatories, and extending our reach to active regions observed on the disk and until now only sampled by radio measurements. In this work, we present a few examples of the application of this technique to EIS observations taken at different times during the EIS mission, and we discuss its current limitations and the steps to improve its accuracy. We also present a list of EIS observing sequences whose data include all of the lines necessary for the application of this diagnostic technique, to help the solar community navigate the immense set of EIS data and to find observations suitable for measuring the coronal magnetic field.
A new species of the genus Neotropiella Handschin, 1942 (Collembola: Neanuridae) from Peru
Authors: Palacios-Vargas José G. , Callohuari Yony T. 
Published: November 2020

Neotropiellais a genus of springtails which can be of medium size (2 mm) or relatively long (5 mm). These springtails live in leaf litter, under the bark of dead trees or in decomposing wood, mainly in the Neotropical Region and are often collected by litter samples on Berlese funnels or by pitfall traps. Most species have been described, based on relatively few specimens and chaetotaxy of several species is incomplete.A new species withinNeotropiellawas discovered in recent pitfall trap collections from Peru.Neotropiella peruanasp. n. was taxonomically treated and studied under both phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy. It is similar toN. insularisfrom Brazil, but smaller with only 4 mandibular teeth (vs. 5) and with well-developed unguis lateral teeth. Intraspecific variation of the new species is provided. We also present the first DNA barcodes for the genus.
Qu’apporte une perspective socio-économique à la connaissance de la sexualité ?
Authors: Bozon Michel 
Published: November 2020

Alors que de nombreux travaux de sciences sociales se sont intéressés aux mobilisations, aux politiques et aux institutions en relation à la sexualité, plus rares sont les analyses qui envisagent les phénomènes sexuels sous l’angle économique. Les approches socio-économiques de la sexualité seraient-elles surtout métaphoriques ou bien ont-elles une valeur heuristique ? L’article aborde cette question en tentant de marier deux courants sociologiques qui abordent leur objet de façon décalée.
Dépendance et intimité. Les dimensions non marchandes du commerce de la sexualité
Authors: Trachman Mathieu 
Published: November 2020

L’article met en perspective deux analyses du commerce de la sexualité : celle s’inscrivant dans la perspective du féminisme matérialiste et celle des transactions intimes. Il s’attache en particulier aux concepts d’échange économico-sexuel de Paola Tabet, de dépendance affective de Sonia Dayan-Herzbrun, et aux travaux de Viviana Zelizer. Si les perspectives féministes ont conçu des outils pour analyser l’exploitation sexuelle des femmes par la violence physique, elles interrogent également la production des désirs féminins et les investissements amoureux dans un contexte d’inégale répartition des ressources. Les travaux de V. Zelizer mettent l’accent sur les capacités des individus à définir les frontières d’une relation intime, ils proposent également une conception singulière de l’intimité dans laquelle les partenaires se rendent vulnérables l’un vis-à-vis de l’autre. Les deux approches reposent sur des conceptions distinctes du genre et de l’économie, mais toutes deux mettent en évidence les limites des analyses en termes de marchandisation de la sexualité et inscrivent l’analyse du commerce de la sexualité dans une sociologie de l’amour et de l’intimité où la dépendance et la possibilité de souffrir sont centrales.
Insécurité juridique et modulation dans le temps des effets des décisions de justice
Authors: Mamoudy Olga 
Published: November 2020

Les pouvoirs de modulation dans le temps des effets des décisions de justice sont aujourd’hui pleinement intégrés dans l’office des juges français – en particulier dans celui du juge de l’excès de pouvoir et dans celui du Conseil constitutionnel, juge de la question prioritaire de constitutionnalité. L’intérêt de la mise en œuvre de ces pouvoirs pour la protection de la stabilité des situations juridiques n’est plus à démontrer et de nombreuses études ont déjà largement traité cette question. Les rapports entre sécurité juridique et modulation temporelle sont toutefois peut-être moins simples qu’il n’y paraît. Fondée sur la sécurité juridique, la modulation peut, paradoxalement générer de l’insécurité juridique. Cela est lié à certaines utilisations du standard des « conséquences manifestement excessives » en jurisprudence ou aux difficultés particulières d’exécution des décisions dont les effets sont modulés dans le temps.
La prise en compte de l'exigence de sécurité juridique par le Parlement au service de la qualité de la loi
Authors: Bergougnous Georges 
Published: November 2020

Si la tradition légicentriste a fait de la loi, norme générale et impersonnelle, une garantie en elle-même de la sécurité juridique, c’est en raison du rôle irremplaçable tenu par la représentation nationale au cours de son élaboration. La procédure parlementaire, soumise à un vigilant contrôle de constitutionnalité, est caution de la qualité de la loi que le « bon déroulement du débat démocratique » (95-370DC) doit assurer, en respectant les droits des représentants de la Nation et en favorisant l’expression de l’intention du législateur. Découvertes par le Conseil constitutionnel, des exigences de valeur constitutionnelle sont venues étayer la procédure législative, en exigeant du législateur, dans un souci de sécurité juridique, qu’il respecte sa compétence et rende la loi accessible et intelligible.
La modulation des effets dans le temps et le revirement de la jurisprudence
Authors: Luciani Massimo 
Published: November 2020

Tant la modulation des effets dans le temps des décisions judiciaires que le revirement de la jurisprudence sollicitent des questions de grande envergure au point de vue de la tutelle de la sécurité juridique, l’un des piliers de l’État constitutionnel de droit. L’ordonnancement juridique italien connait les deux phénomènes : le premier surtout dans la jurisprudence constitutionnelle ; le deuxième surtout dans celle des juridictions supérieures. La modulation des effets temporels a été introduite dans la jurisprudence constitutionnelle par la sent. n° 10 de 2015. Le régime des revirements jurisprudentiels est construit de façon telle à concilier les exigences de tutelle de la sécurité juridique et celles de la liberté d’interprétation du juge.
Demographic Variables Associated with Covid-19 Mortality
Authors: Madrazo Cabo José Manuel , Monter Valera Nuvia Adriana , Hernández Sánchez Edith Jocelyn , Ruiz Sánchez Mariola , Sánchez Machorro Gabriela , Kurezyn Díaz Crishelen 
Published: November 2020

Objectives Covid-19 is a betacoronavirus that was initially transmitted to humans from an animal host. It enters the cell by binding its protein S with angiotensin-converted enzyme receptors. It is transmitted through direct contact and respiratory drops. The most affected population so far are older adults and people with chronic conditions. The objective of this research is to analyze the possible association between the structure of the population pyramid, the Gross Domestic Product, the type of isolation and screening used to detect Covid-19 in the countries with the highest and lowest mortality from this disease. Design and methods Some variables take part in the Covid- 19 mortality worldwide, such as the population structure, expressed in the population pyramid by country, the type of isolation adopted in each nation, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well as the type of screening that is implemented in the different countries analyzed. Results After analyzing the mean difference in the countries with a regressive and progressive population pyramid, an association was identified between the regressive population pyramid structure and the higher mortality rate (p<0.001). Conclusions The countries with a progressive population pyramid are the most benefited by making their population more screened since the mortality rate decreases significantly compared to the countries with less attribution (p<0.036).
The use of the condom to protect against the transmission of HIV in prisons
Authors: Woodall G. J. 
Published: November 2020

This article rose as a response to a practical moral question about whether or not condoms ought to be distributed to inmates in prisons of England and Wales to protect those who indulge in homosexual, genital encounter from the danger of contagion from the HIV virus. The suggestion has been made that doctors in prison should distribute condoms to those who ask for them.
The analysis offered here examines a number of presuppositions, some of which are articulated and expressively embraced, others which remains tacit, perhaps never seriously entertained.
The former includes the efficacy of the condom as a protection against the transmission of the virus through genital encounter, the notion that the role of the State does not extend to interference in the sphere of private morality, and, more explicit in an initial response to the proposal, that people’s consciences ought to be respected. The latter include the opinion that there is, nevertheless, a responsibility attaching to prison authorities for the well-being of inmates, if only to protect them from contagion, that sexuality is a matter of merely private morality, that morality concerns what is consequential upon deliberate action, but not a question of intrinsic good or evil.
It si argued here that the degree of protection afforded by the condom is over-estimated, that the implicit function of the State and of prisons is to foster the common good, and that this entails a duty of care for prisoners, especially for the weakest and most vulnerable. Although a thorough-going reform of prisoners is not the direct responsibility of prison authorities, it is argued that there is an obligation not to damage them or to facilitate such damage. The impact of what is contemplated upon family and upon society is considered. The proposal envisaged would seem to threaten the well-being of inmates, the stability of prisons, the institution of marriage, and the likelihood of an eventual, successful rehabilitation of prisoners into society.
To foment a practice which is intrinsically immoral cannot be justified, it is claimed here, even were the lesser evil argument can be invoked. Rights of the conscience and the correlative duty to respect conscience do not legitimate practices which are of their nature wrong. It is argued that the adoption of the policy proposed by bodies with a duty to the State and to society for the common good would in fact undermine the common good by facilitating what is scandalous.
Ma esiste il terzo sesso?
Authors: D’Onofrio F. , De Fanis U. 
Published: November 2020

La diffusione dell’omosessualità, specie in questi ultimi decenni, ha richiamato l’attenzione di molti ricercatori che hanno formulato varie ipotesi per spiegare la sua genesi.
La teoria psicoanalitica sostiene che l’omosessualità sarebbe un disturbo acquisito della pulsione sessuale.
Invece, secondo la teoria biologica, vi sarebbero meccanismi organici e genetici alla base dell’omosessualità. Infatti alcuni studi avrebbero evidenziato differenze anatomiche tra il cervello degli eterosessuali e quello degli omosessuali ed inoltre sarebbe stata evidenziata una ricorrenza familiare dell’omosessualità.
Tuttavia, l’ipotesi biologica è stata contestata da diversi studi che non solo non hanno riscontrato differenze sostanziali tra il cervello di omosessuali e quello degli eterosessuali, ma hanno anche sottolineato il fatto che i pochi soggetti esaminati erano affetti da AIDS e sottoposti a lunghi periodi di terapie ormonali. Inoltre, il mancato riscontro di sequenze geniche alterate nonché i metodi utilizzati per la ricerca di coppie di fratelli omosessuali, sono le principali contestazioni mosse all’origine genetica dell’omosessualità.
Il problema dell’omosessualità, in attesa di altre ricerche, deve ancora essere considerato come una scelta individuale di orientamento sessuale condizionato da esperienze maturate per lo più nell’ambito familiare e relazionale favorita da una cultura permissivistica e non come una scelta obbligata condizionata da variazioni anatomiche e genetiche.
Diritti umani e bioetica
Authors: Sgreccia Elio , Casini Marina 
Published: November 2020

Esiste un legame tra la riflessione sulla bioetica e quella sui diritti umani?
Lo scritto muove da questo interrogativo per giungere dopo un’articolata analisi alla conclusione che il limpido e chiaro riconoscimento della dignità e del conseguente diritto alla vita di ogni essere umano a partire dalla fecondazione costituisce terreno e presupposto comune delle due discipline e, allo stesso tempo, è ciò che consente loro di non navigare verso le derive individualistiche dell’utilitarismo e del relativismo etico.
L’analisi del rapporto fra diritti umani e bioetica parte da un dato storico e cioè dalla svolta che il processo di Norimberga e la Dichiarazione Universale dei diritti dell’uomo hanno impresso nel cammino dell’umanità. Questa nuova tappa accompagna gli albori del “filone giuridico-normativo della bioetica” che nel corso degli anni assumerà sempre maggior consistenza, tanto da sfociare in un autonomo campo di riflessione noto sotto il nome di “biodiritto” o “biogiuridica”. A riguardo l’articolo presenta una disamina ricognitiva (non esente da osservazioni di tipo valutativo) dei principali documenti giuridici nazionali e internazionali che si occupano di “questioni di bioetica”. Dal ricco affresco di questi emerge da un lato la constatazione di un rapporto che esprime la necessità di un’integrazione fra diritti umani e bioetica, dall’altro l’urgenza di dare un solido ed autentico fondamento agli uni e all’altra. È questa una problematica di cruciale importanza, perché sia i diritti umani che la bioetica risentono di una crisi metafisica tanto più evidente e acuta quanto più ci si avvicina ai momenti di maggiore precarietà e debolezza dell’esistenza umana, nei quali la vita umana “è”, semplicemente “è”. In questo senso, l’embrione umano è l’emblema di ogni povertà ed emarginazione. La via d’uscita dalla “crisi” e dunque la ricerca del fondamento - sia per i diritti umani che per la bioetica - va trovata all luce della dignità umana, sempre presente con la stessa forza e intensità in tutti e in ciascuno, da rispettare e promuovere in primo luogo nel rispetto e nella promozione del diritto ad esistere che della dignità è la prima manifestazione, la più immediata concretizzazione.
Quando inizia ad esistere l’individuo umano?
Authors: Bozzato Gianni 
Published: November 2020

Nel saggio sono posti in rilievo i seguenti principali aspetti di ordine biologico che contrastano con le argomentazioni sostenute da N. M. Ford nel suo libro When did I begin?
1) Nel cosiddetto pre-embrione, le cellule non sono totipotenti. (Ossia, non sono in grado di esprimere la totipotenza residua nucleare e cioè produrre altrettanti pre-embrioni. Nel presente articolo l’analisi della questione riguardante la totipotenza del pre-embrione, delle sue cellule o del loro nucleo viene soltanto appena accennata). La possibilità che il pre-embrione (individuo originario) dia origine a più gemelli monozigoti c. d. “identici” non è la conseguenza della totipotenza delle cellule, ma del loro distacco fisico dal pre-embrione, oppure della loro semplice “separazione/isolamento” dal suo schema di organizzazione dell’espressione genica del DNA (schema di OEG-DNA). 2) Le cellule del pre-embrione, inoltre, sono “identiche e indiscernibili” soltanto dal punto di vista genetico (genotipico), ma non da quello biologico (fenotipico). Anche dal punto di vista biologico (v. schema di OEG-DNA) il pre-embrione non è un semplice aggregato di cellule individuali, ma è una unità integrata e cioè un sistema individuale di cellule che possiede già una sua identità biologica, dunque ontologica. 3) Durante lo sviluppo, le cosiddette fasi (o stadi) e le forme anatomiche dell’embrione sono sempre precedute e prodotte da forme temporali (schemi di processi biochimici). Pertanto, sempre dal punto di vista dell’identità biologica (e ontologica), lo zigote (o il pre-embrione), anche nel caso di successiva gemellazione, è già un individuo umano in sviluppo (in atto) molto tempo prima che “appaia” - all’osservatore - un indizio “visibile” della sua forma anatomica individuale; dunque, ancor prima della “comparsa” della stria primitiva. 4) Proprio per il fatto che l’identità biologica dell’individuo umano non corrisponde alla sua identità genetica (ovvero il genotipo non è il fenotipo), i gemelli c. d. “identici” non sono mai veramente identici tra loro; essi sono sempre diversi fin dall’inizio del loro sviluppo, il quale avviene per biforcazione (una rottura di simmetria) dello schema di OEG-DNA dell’individuo pre-embrione originario. Lo studio della conformazione delle loro membrane fetali ci consente, infatti, di dedurre e di affermare che essi sono già in formazione (in atto) molto tempo prima della comparsa della stria primitiva e, in quanto biologicamente diversi, che sono già distinti; dunque, potenzialmente discernibili.