bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction: there is insufficient utilisation of care in German cancer survivors
Authors: Baunacke Martin , Schmidt Maria-Luisa , Groeben Christer , Borkowetz Angelika , Thomas Christian , Koch Rainer , Hoffmann Falk , Chun Felix K. H. , Weissbach Lothar , Huber Johannes 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Treatment of post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence (UI) and erectile dysfunction (ED) increases quality of life (QoL). Aim of our study was to evaluate the utilisation of care among patients with post-prostatectomy UI and ED in Germany.

Methods
The HAROW study documented treatment of patients with localised prostate cancer (≤ T2c) in Germany. 1260 patients underwent radical prostatectomy (RP). Patients answered validated questionnaires after a median follow-up of 6.3 years. Response rate was 76.8%.

Results
Median age at RP was 65 (IQR 60–69) years. 14% (134/936) used more than one pad per day for UI. 25% (26/104, 30 missing) of UI patients underwent surgery to improve continence. Of patients without surgery, 41% (31/75) reported a moderate-to-severe issue concerning their incontinence with worse mental health and QoL. 81% (755/936) patients were unable to have an erection firm enough for sexual intercourse. Of all ED patients, 40% (319/793) used ED treatment regularly or tried it at least once. 49% (243/499) of patients with interest in sex never tried ED treatment. In multivariate analysis, patients not using ED treatments were older (≥ 70 years OR 4.1), and more often had preoperative ED (OR 2.3) and less interest in sex (OR 2.2). Nevertheless, 30% (73/240) of these patients had moderate-to-severe issues with their ED reporting worse mental health and QoL.

Conclusion
Almost half of the patients without post-prostatectomy UI and ED treatment reported moderate-to-severe issues with a significant decrease in QoL. This indicates an insufficient utilisation of care in Germany.
Altered nutrition behavior during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in young adults
Authors: Huber Bruno C. , Steffen Julius , Schlichtiger Jenny , Brunner Stefan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic and the implemented lockdown strongly impact on everyone’s daily life. Stressful situations are known to alter eating habits and increase the risk for obesity. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the lockdown measures on nutrition behavior among young adults.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 1964 voluntary participants from Bavarian universities. All participants were asked to complete an online questionnaire, semi-quantitatively evaluating the amount and type of food before and during pandemic lockdown. Study subjects were inquired to give information about acquisition and food procurement. The primary outcome was the change in food amount, secondary outcomes included alterations of food composition and procurement.

Results
Our study cohort (mean age 23.3 ± 4.0 years, 28.5% male) had a mean body mass index of 22.1 ± 4.5 kg/m2. The overall food amount increased in 31.2% of participants (n = 610) during lockdown and decreased in 16.8% (n = 328). A multinominal regression model revealed that an increased food intake was less likely in male participants (OR, 0.7 [CI 0.6–0.9]) and more likely with increasing BMI (OR, 1.4 [CI 1.3–2.0]), increased sports activity (OR, 1.3 [CI 1.2–1.8]), augmented mental stress (OR 1.4 [1.1–1.7]), and an alteration of alcohol consumption (reduced alcohol amount, OR, 1.4 [CI 1.1–1.7], increased alcohol, OR, 1.9 [CI 1.4–2.5]). Increase in food intake was mainly triggered by consumption of bread (increased in 46.8%, n = 284) and confectionary (increased in 64.4%, n = 389).

Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown significantly affected eating habits in young adults. Further investigation to evaluate long-term effects on weight change and comorbidities are warranted.
Platelet-derived calpain cleaves the endothelial protease-activated receptor 1 to induce vascular inflammation in diabetes
Authors: Kyselova Anastasia , Elgheznawy Amro , Wittig Ilka , Heidler Juliana , Mann Alexander W. , Ruf Wolfram , Fleming Ingrid , Randriamboavonjy Voahanginirina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Platelets from diabetic patients are hyperreactive and release microparticles that carry activated cysteine proteases or calpains. Whether platelet-derived calpains contribute to the development of vascular complications in diabetes is unknown. Here we report that platelet-derived calpain1 (CAPN1) cleaves the protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) on the surface of endothelial cells, which then initiates a signaling cascade that includes the activation of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α converting enzyme (TACE). The latter elicits the shedding of the endothelial protein C receptor and the generation of TNF-α, which in turn, induces intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression to promote monocyte adhesion. All of the effects of CAPN1 were mimicked by platelet-derived microparticles from diabetic patients or from wild-type mice but not from CAPN1−/− mice, and were not observed in PAR-1-deficient endothelial cells. Importantly, aortae from diabetic mice expressed less PAR-1 but more ICAM-1 than non-diabetic mice, effects that were prevented by treating diabetic mice with a calpain inhibitor as well as by the platelet specific deletion of CAPN1. Thus, platelet-derived CAPN1 contributes to the initiation of the sterile vascular inflammation associated with diabetes via the cleavage of PAR-1 and the release of TNF-α from the endothelial cell surface.
A hypoenergetic diet with decreased protein intake does not reduce lean body mass in trained females
Authors: Pearson Alice G. , Alexander Lee , Witard Oliver C. , Coughlin Thomas E. , Tipton Kevin D. , Walshe Ian H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Increasing protein intake during energy restriction (ER) attenuates lean body mass (LBM) loss in trained males. However, whether this relationship exists in trained females is unknown. This study examined the impact of higher compared to lower protein intakes (35% versus 15% of energy intake) on body composition in trained females during 2 weeks of severe ER.

Methods
Eighteen well-trained females completed a 1-week energy balanced diet (HD100), followed by a 2-week hypoenergetic (40% ER) diet (HD60). During HD60, participants consumed either a high protein (HP; 35% protein, 15% fat) or lower protein (CON; 15% protein, 35% fat) diet. Body composition, peak power, leg strength, sprint time, and anaerobic endurance were assessed at baseline, pre-HD60, and post-HD60.

Results
Absolute protein intake was reduced during HD60 in the CON group (from 1.6 to 0.9 g·d·kgBM−1) and maintained in the HP group (~ 1.7 g·d·kgBM−1). CON and HP groups decreased body mass equally during HD60 (− 1.0 ± 1.1 kg; p = 0.026 and − 1.1 ± 0.7 kg; p = 0.002, respectively) and maintained LBM. There were no interactions between time point and dietary condition on exercise performance.

Conclusion
The preservation of LBM during HD60, irrespective of whether absolute protein intake is maintained or reduced, contrasts with findings in trained males. In trained females, the relationship between absolute protein intake and LBM change during ER warrants further investigation. Future recommendations for protein intake during ER should be expressed relative to body mass, not total energy intake, in trained females.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis for perioperative water management in adult cardiovascular valve disease surgery
Authors: Watanabe Tatsuya , Ishida Naomasa , Takaoka Munenori , Tsujimoto Kotone , Kondo Kensuke , Isoda Ryutaro , Yukawa Takuro , Tokunaga Noriyuki , Ishida Atsuhisa , Fukazawa Takuya , Morita Ichiro , Yoshida Hideo , Kuinose Masahiko , Yamatsuji Tomoki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has been used recently to measure the body water of patients with acute heart failure. We used BIA in this study to better understand, and possibly identify a predictive marker for, perioperative water behavior in cardiac surgery patients.

Methods
We measured body water and studied its behavior in 44 patients undergoing surgery for cardiac valvular disease at our hospital. Measurements included the levels of extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), and total body water, the edema index (EI), and the ratio of ECW to total body water. The first measured EI was defined as the “preoperative EI” and the maximum as the “peak EI”.

Results
A negative correlation was found between the preoperative EI and the preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (R = 0.644, p < 0.001). Positive correlations were found between the peak EI and the ICU stay (R = 0.625, p < 0.001), the peak EI and the ventilation time (R = 0.366, p < 0.01), and the preoperative EI and the ICU stay (R = 0.464, p = 0.026).

Conclusion
The EI is possibly a predictive marker for perioperative water management in cardiac surgery.
Libra Project: Regulators Act on Global Stablecoins
Authors: Read Oliver , Schäfer Stefan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGovernments, regulatory authorities and standard-setting bodies started acting on global stablecoins triggered by the Libra announcement. Among the concerns expressed by the G7 and the G20 are risks to the stability of the financial system. The Financial Stability Board and the Financial Action Task Force have worked on regulatory issues and anti-money laundering ahead of the G20 summit in November 2020. Overall the Libra project has raised many questions on the regulatory front. Facebook had to revise the concept as Libra 2.0 and resubmit it for approval in April 2020. The European Commission announced a new regulation on Markets in Crypto-assets (MiCA) including stablecoins in September 2020 as part of a new Digital Finance Package. This opens the next chapter in a regulatory cat and mouse game.
Relationships between pathological factors and long-term outcomes in patients enrolled in two prospective randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of oral tegafur–uracil with CMF (N·SAS-BC 01 trial and CUBC trial)
Authors: Ohno Shinji , Saji Shigehira , Masuda Norikazu , Tsuda Hitoshi , Akiyama Futoshi , Kurosumi Masafumi , Shimomura Akihiko , Sato Nobuaki , Takao Shintaro , Ohsumi Shozo , Tokuda Yutaka , Inaji Hideo , Watanabe Toru , Ohashi Yasuo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the efficacies of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) and tegafur–uracil (UFT) as adjuvant therapy in patients with resected stage I–IIIA breast cancer by immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based subtype and to determine the relationships between clinicopathological factors and long-term outcomes.

Methods
A pooled analysis of the randomized controlled N·SAS-BC 01 and CUBC studies was conducted. Expression of hormone receptors (HRs; estrogen and progesterone receptors), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki67were assessed by IHC. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and nuclear/histological grades were determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by Kaplan–Meier analysis and hazard ratios were determined by Cox model adjusted for baseline tumor size and nodal status.

Results
A total of 689 patients (342 CMF and 347 UFT) were included in the analyses with a median follow-up of 11.1 years. There was no significant difference in RFS or OS between the two cohorts (RFS: 0.96 [95% confidence interval: 0.71–1.30], log-rank test p = 0.80; OS: 0.93 [0.64–1.35], p = 0.70). There was no difference in RFS or OS between the two cohorts for HR+/HER2− and HR+/HER2+ subtypes. RFS was significantly longer in patients treated with UFT compared with CMF in patients with HR−/HER2+ subtype (0.30 [0.10–0.88], p = 0.03). A high TILs level was associated with a better OS compared with low TILs level (p = 0.02).

Conclusions
This long-term follow-up study showed that RFS and OS were similar in patients with luminal-type breast cancer treated with CMF and UFT.
Diagnostic reasoning in internal medicine: a practical reappraisal
Authors: Corazza Gino Roberto , Lenti Marco Vincenzo , Howdle Peter David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe practice of clinical medicine needs to be a very flexible discipline which can adapt promptly to continuously changing surrounding events. Despite the huge advances and progress made in recent decades, clinical reasoning to achieve an accurate diagnosis still seems to be the most appropriate and distinctive feature of clinical medicine. This is particularly evident in internal medicine where diagnostic boundaries are often blurred. Making a diagnosis is a multi-stage process which requires proper data collection, the formulation of an illness script and testing of the diagnostic hypothesis. To make sense of a number of variables, physicians may follow an analytical or an intuitive approach to clinical reasoning, depending on their personal experience and level of professionalism. Intuitive thinking is more typical of experienced physicians, but is not devoid of shortcomings. Particularly, the high risk of biases must be counteracted by de-biasing techniques, which require constant critical thinking. In this review, we discuss critically the current knowledge regarding diagnostic reasoning from an internal medicine perspective.
“For me democracy is …” meanings of democracy from a phenomenological perspective
Authors: Frankenberger Rolf , Buhr Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMeanings of democracy are far more complex than results of standardized survey research imply. They are diverse and intertwined with other individual concepts and subjective experiences. In terms of phenomenological adequacy, they are important first order constructions that can be used for building second order typologies and explanations for political action. Survey-based quantitative research has clear limits in terms of gathering such first order constructions, even if one wants to integrate them. Drawing from a phenomenological perspective of methodology and experience from 389 qualitative interviews conducted in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, we argue that research on meanings of democracy might rather use open, qualitative assessments and consider four methodological aspects. First, we need to have a theoretical and methodological basis for analyzing “everyday philosophies” and root our concepts in these first order constructions. Phenomenology and the concept of lifeworld offer such a guideline. Second, we should not oversimplify analysis. People differ greatly in how they define democracy, and this should be reflected in research. Third, we advocate a qualitative multi-dimensional analysis that separates democracy, politics and actual use of democracy. This can be used to develop a typology of individual, but collectively shared, political lifeworlds. Finally, we argue that insights from this kind of research could be used to compliment standard survey instruments and contribute to developing and frequently testing a comprehensive instrument to assess the meanings of democracy in a more holistic way and to control our scientific second-order constructions of democracy.
Incorporating stakeholders’ preferences into a multi-criteria framework for planning large-scale Nature-Based Solutions
Authors: Ruangpan Laddaporn , Vojinovic Zoran , Plavšić Jasna , Doong Dong-Jiing , Bahlmann Tobias , Alves Alida , Tseng Leng-Hsuan , Randelović Anja , Todorović Andrijana , Kocic Zvonimir , Beljinac Vladimir , Wu Meng-Hsuan , Lo Wei-Cheng , Perez-Lapeña Blanca , Franca Mário J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHydro-meteorological risks are a growing issue for societies, economies and environments around the world. An effective, sustainable response to such risks and their future uncertainty requires a paradigm shift in our research and practical efforts. In this respect, Nature-Based Solutions (NBSs) offer the potential to achieve a more effective and flexible response to hydro-meteorological risks while also enhancing human well-being and biodiversity. The present paper describes a new methodology that incorporates stakeholders’ preferences into a multi-criteria analysis framework, as part of a tool for selecting risk mitigation measures. The methodology has been applied to Tamnava river basin in Serbia and Nangang river basin in Taiwan within the EC-funded RECONECT project. The results highlight the importance of involving stakeholders in the early stages of projects in order to achieve successful implementation of NBSs. The methodology can assist decision-makers in formulating desirable benefits and co-benefits and can enable a systematic and transparent NBSs planning process.
Influence of laminate direction and glue area on in-plane shear modulus of cross-laminated timber
Authors: Turesson Jonas , Sharifi Zahra , Berg Sven , Ekevad Mats 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe use of cross-laminated timber (CLT) in constructing tall buildings has increased. So, it has become crucial to get a higher in-plane stiffness in CLT panels. One way of increasing the shear modulus, G, for CLT panels can be by alternating the layers to other angles than the traditional 0° and 90°. The diagonal compression test can be used to measure the shear stiffness from which G is calculated. A general equation for calculating the G value for the CLT panels tested in the diagonal compression test was established and verified by tests, finite element simulations and external data. The equation was created from finite element simulations of full-scale CLT walls. By this equation, the influence on the G value was a factor of 2.8 and 2.0 by alternating the main laminate direction of the mid layer from the traditional 90° to 45° and 30°, respectively. From practical tests, these increases were measured to 2.9 and 1.8, respectively. Another influence on the G value was studied by the reduction of the glue area between the layers. It was shown that the pattern of the contact area was more important than the size of the contact area.
“Advise and Rule” or “Rule by Advising”: The Changing Nature of the Advisory Jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court of Kosovo
Authors: Korenica Fisnik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConstitutional courts play an essential role in authoritatively interpreting constitutions. Oftentimes they go beyond the constitutional text by inventing so-called judge-made law. Their authority to interpret the text covers not only substantive parts but also the clause authorizing their jurisdiction. Such power, namely the power to interpret the limits of their jurisdiction, is often used to intervene in the interpretation of the constitution more vigorously than explicitly authorized. One example is the invention, designation, and development of the advisory jurisdiction by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kosovo. On that basis, the Court has, for almost ten years of its existence, pronounced on numerous fundamental issues relating to the governing system, power maps, and entitlements on political authority. The Court developed its advisory jurisdiction in a rather unpredictable and impulsive fashion; however, it steadily revealed its willingness to engage with interpretations that sought to resolve high-stakes issues. Such braveness also had a credibility cost for the Court. The year 2018 marked a major shift in the Court’s interpretation of its own jurisdiction to “advise.” In the Central Election Commission case, it abandoned its previous precedent and commenced a passive, restrained attitude in engaging with the constitutional interpretation on the basis of case or controversy. This Article analyzes the Court’s path and change of course in this cycle.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of milk samples as a tool to estimate energy balance, energy- and dry matter intake in lactating dairy cows
Authors: Rachah Amira , Reksen Olav , Afseth Nils Kristian , Tafintseva Valeria , Ferneborg Sabine , Martin Adam Dunstan , Kohler Achim , Prestløkken Egil 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe objective of the study was to evaluate the potential of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of milk samples to predict body energy status and related traits (energy balance (EB), dry matter intake (DMI) and efficient energy intake (EEI)) in lactating dairy cows. The data included 2371 milk samples from 63 Norwegian Red dairy cows collected during the first 105 days in milk (DIM). To predict the body energy status traits, calibration models were developed using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR). Calibration models were established using split-sample (leave-one cow-out) cross-validation approach and validated using an external test set. The PLSR method was implemented using just the FTIR spectra or using the FTIR together with milk yield (MY) or concentrate intake (CONCTR) as predictors of traits. Analyses were conducted for the entire first 105 DIM and separately for the two lactation periods: 5 ≤ DIM ≤ 55 and 55 < DIM ≤ 105. To test the models, an external validation using an independent test set was performed. Predictions depending on the parity (1st, 2nd and 3rd-to 6th parities) in early lactation were also investigated. Accuracy of prediction (r) for both cross-validation and external test set was defined as the correlation between the predicted and observed values for body energy status traits. Analyzing FTIR in combination with MY by PLSR, resulted in relatively high r-values to estimate EB (r = 0.63), DMI (r = 0.83), EEI (r = 0.84) using an external validation. Only moderate correlations between FTIR spectra and traits like EB, EEI and dry matter intake (DMI) have so far been published. Our hypothesis was that improvements in the FTIR predictions of EB, EEI and DMI can be obtained by (1) stratification into different stages of lactations and different parities, or (2) by adding additional information on milking and feeding traits. Stratification of the lactation stages improved predictions compared with the analyses including all data 5 ≤ DIM ≤105. The accuracy was improved if additional data (MY or CONCTR) were included in the prediction model. Furthermore, stratification into parity groups, improved the predictions of body energy status. Our results show that FTIR spectral data combined with MY or CONCTR can be used to obtain improved estimation of body energy status compared to only using the FTIR spectra in Norwegian Red dairy cattle. The best prediction results were achieved using FTIR spectra together with MY for early lactation. The results obtained in the study suggest that the modeling approach used in this paper can be considered as a viable method for predicting an individual cow's energy status.
From Compliance, to Acceptance, to Teaching: On Relocating Rule Consequentialism's Stipulations
Authors: Miller Timothy D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSeveral recent formulations of Rule Consequentialism (RC) have broken with the consensus that RC should be formulated in terms of codeacceptance, claiming instead that RC should focus on the consequences of codes' beingtaught. I begin this article with an examination of the standard case for acceptance formulations. In addition to depending on the mistaken assumption thatcomplianceandacceptanceformulations are the only options, the standard case claims advantages for acceptance formulations that, upon closer examination, favor teaching formulations. In the remainder of the article, I defend this new teaching-centered approach against some recent criticisms. I argue that preoccupation with the somewhat technical problem of identifying the best criterion for making choices under conditions of uncertainty has distracted rule consequentialists from paying more careful attention to the advantages and disadvantages that result from decisions concerning where they locate RC's stipulated assumptions within the theory.