bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bearing Performance Analysis of Anti-slip Connector
Authors: Fang Zhenggang , Dong Yuming , Qi Daokun , Zhao Weibo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The performance of anti-slip connector determines whether the mounted load can be reliably transmitted to the main body of transmission tower. In this paper, the specific design process for each part parameter of anti-slip connector is given, and the bearing performance of anti-slip connector is analysed by theoretical/finite element method. The results show that: The influence of the distance between rectangular steel pipes on the bearing capacity of anti-slip connector is related to the bolt grade. When the bolt grade is lower, the initial stiffness of anti-slip connector mainly depends on the rotational stiffness of two-plate connection. When the bolt grade is higher, the change of the distance between rectangular steel pipes causes the change of the linear stiffness of mounted iron bar, which leads to the obvious change of both initial stiffness and plastic bearing capacity of anti-slip connector. Meanwhile, the influence of bolt grade on the initial stiffness of anti-slip connector is also related to the distance between rectangular steel pipes. When the distance between rectangular steel pipes is smaller, the initial stiffness of anti-slip connector is greatly affected by the bolt grade. When the distance between rectangular steel pipes is larger, the initial stiffness of the anti-slip connector model is basically unchanged under the change of bolt grade. In practical engineering, when the mounted distance is limited, the corresponding bolt grade must be matched, so that the bearing capacity of anti-slip connector can be effectively performed.
Groundwater velocity determination by single-borehole dilution test
Authors: Zhang Yuping , Wang Hongbo , Zhang Xike , Dong Haizhou , Mao Changping 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The single-borehole dilution test involves the injection of a tracer into a borehole following by repeated water column profiling to monitor groundwater velocity within the vicinity of the borehole. Based on the concept that a tracer’s concentration decreases as a consequence of the groundwater dilution, the groundwater velocity can be determined by analysing the measured tracer concentration curves over time. The borehole dilution test allows the determination of both horizontal and vertical velocities in a single well. The presence of vertical flow in a borehole may greatly affect the evaluation of horizontal velocity since the decline of tracer concentration is caused by both horizontal and vertical flow simultaneously. Two approaches presented provide the estimation method of horizontal velocity without using packers to prevent vertical flow.
Finite element simulation of recycled large aggregate self-compacting concrete short columns with steel tubes
Authors: Wang Jianchao , Ma Guangzhuo , Yang Wentao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In order to study the mechanical properties of recycled large aggregate self-compacting concrete filled steel tube(RLA-SCCFST) and promote the research and application of the structure, the mechanical properties of nine groups of RLA-SCCFST short columns under axial compression were studied by ABAQUS simulation. Comparing the results of finite element simulation with the test results, it is found that: 1. The simulation results of the load-vertical strain curve are in good agreement with the test results, and the maximum error of the ultimate bearing capacity measured by the simulation and the test is within 3%; 2. The ultimate bearing capacity and ductility of RLA-SCCFST specimen increase with the increase of steel pipe wall thickness, recycled large aggregate strength and self-compacting concrete strength, and the ultimate bearing capacity of specimen decreases with the increase of recycled large aggregate content.
Human mobility in interest space and interactive random walk
Authors: Zeng Fanqi , Gong Li , Liu Jing , Zhang Jiang , Chen Qinghua , Xin Ruyue 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Compared with the well-studied topic of human mobility in real geographic space, only a few studies focus on human mobility in virtual space, such as interests, knowledge, ideas, and so on. However, it relates to the issues like public opinion management, knowledge diffusion, and innovation. In this paper, we assume that the interests of a group of online users can span an Euclidean space which is called interest space, and the transfers of user interests can be modelled as Lévy Flight in the interest space. Considering the interaction between users, we assume that the random walkers are not independent but interacting with each other indirectly via the digital resources in the interest space. The proposed model in this paper successfully reproduced a set of scaling laws for describing the growth of attention flow networks of online communities, and obtaining similar ranges of users’ scaling exponents with empirical data. Further, we inferred parameters for describing the individual behaviours of the users according to the scaling laws of empirical attention flow network. Our model can not only provide theoretical understanding of human online behaviours but also has broad potential applications such as dissemination and public opinion management, online recommendation, etc.
Neurodiversity at work: a biopsychosocial model and the impact on working adults
Authors: Doyle Nancy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe term neurodiversity is defined and discussed from the perspectives of neuroscience, psychology and campaigners with lived experience, illustrating the development of aetiological theories for included neurodevelopmental disorders. The emerging discourse is discussed with relevance to adults, social inclusion, occupational performance and the legislative obligations of organizations.Sources of dataLiterature is reviewed from medicine, psychiatry, psychology, sociology and popular press. No new data are presented in this article.Areas of agreementThere is consensus regarding some neurodevelopmental conditions being classed as neurominorities, with a ‘spiky profile’ of executive functions difficulties juxtaposed against neurocognitive strengths as a defining characteristic.Areas of controversyThe developing nomenclature is debated and the application of disability status versus naturally occurring difference. Diagnosis and legal protections vary geographically, resulting in heretofore unclear guidance for practitioners and employers.Growing pointsThe evolutionary critique of the medical model, recognizing and updating clinical approaches considering the emerging consensus and paradigmatic shift.Areas timely for developing researchIt is recommended that research addresses more functional, occupational concerns and includes the experiences of stakeholders in research development, moving away from diagnosis and deficit towards multi-disciplinary collaboration within a biopsychosocial model.
Life-Long Neural Stem Cells Are Fate-Specified at an Early Developmental Stage
Authors: Tanaka Aoi , Ishida Shohei , Fuchigami Takahiro , Hayashi Yoshitaka , Kuroda Anri , Ikenaka Kazuhiro , Fukazawa Yugo , Hitoshi Seiji 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe origin and life-long fate of quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult mammalian brain remain largely unknown. A few neural precursor cells in the embryonic brain elongate their cell cycle time and subsequently become quiescent postnatally, suggesting the possibility that life-long NSCs are selected at an early embryonic stage. Here, we utilized a GFP-expressing lentivirus to investigate the fate of progeny from individual lentivirus-infected NSCs by identifying the lentiviral integration site. Our data suggest that NSCs become specified to two or more lineages prior to embryonic day 13.5 in mice: one NSC lineage produces cells only for the cortex and another provides neurons to the olfactory bulb. The majority of neurosphere-forming NSCs in the adult brain are relatively dormant and generate very few cells, if any, in the olfactory bulb or cortex, and this NSC population could serve as a reservoir that is occasionally reactivated later in life.
Risk Factors for Healthcare Personnel Infection With Endemic Coronaviruses (HKU1, OC43, NL63, 229E): Results from the Respiratory Protection Effectiveness Clinical Trial (ResPECT)
Authors: Cummings Derek A T , Radonovich Lewis J , Gorse Geoffrey J , Gaydos Charlotte A , Bessesen Mary T , Brown Alexandria C , Gibert Cynthia L , Hitchings Matthew D T , Lessler Justin , Nyquist Ann-Christine , Rattigan Susan M , Rodriguez-Barradas Maria C , Price Connie Savor , Reich Nicholas G , Simberkoff Michael S , Perl Trish M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents a large risk to healthcare personnel (HCP). Quantifying the risk of coronavirus infection associated with workplace activities is an urgent need.

Methods
We assessed the association of worker characteristics, occupational roles and behaviors, and participation in procedures with the risk of endemic coronavirus infection among HCP who participated in the Respiratory Protection Effectiveness Clinical Trial (ResPECT), a cluster randomized trial to assess personal protective equipment to prevent respiratory infections and illness conducted from 2011 to 2016.

Results
Among 4689 HCP seasons, we detected coronavirus infection in 387 (8%). HCP who participated in an aerosol-generating procedure (AGP) at least once during the viral respiratory season were 105% (95% confidence interval, 21%–240%) more likely to be diagnosed with a laboratory-confirmed coronavirus infection. Younger individuals, those who saw pediatric patients, and those with household members &lt;5 years of age were at increased risk of coronavirus infection.

Conclusions
Our analysis suggests that the risk of HCP becoming infected with an endemic coronavirus increases approximately 2-fold with exposures to AGPs. Our findings may be relevant to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, may differ from endemic coronaviruses in important ways.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01249625.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Causal Prophylactic Efficacy of KAF156 in a Plasmodium falciparum Human Infection Study
Authors: Kublin James G , Murphy Sean C , Maenza Janine , Seilie Annette M , Jain Jay Prakash , Berger David , Spera Danielle , Zhao Rong , Soon Rachel L , Czartoski Julie L , Potochnic Meredith A , Duke Elizabeth , Chang Ming , Vaughan Ashley , Kappe Stefan H I , Leong F Joel , Pertel Peter , Prince William T ,   KAF156 Study Team
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
KAF156 is a novel antimalarial drug that is active against both liver- and blood-stage Plasmodium parasites, including drug-resistant strains. Here, we investigated the causal prophylactic efficacy of KAF156 in a controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) model.

Methods
In part 1, healthy, malaria-naive participants received 800 mg KAF156 or placebo 3 hours before CHMI with P. falciparum–infected mosquitoes. In part 2, KAF156 was administered as single doses of 800, 300, 100, 50, or 20 mg 21 hours post-CHMI. All participants received atovaquone/proguanil treatment if blood-stage infection was detected or on day 29. For each cohort, 7–14 subjects were enrolled to KAF156 treatment and up to 4 subjects to placebo.

Results
KAF156 at all dose levels was safe and well tolerated. Two serious adverse events were reported—both resolved without sequelae and neither was considered related to KAF156. In part 1, all participants treated with KAF156 and none of those randomized to placebo were protected against malaria infection. In part 2, all participants treated with placebo or 20 mg KAF156 developed malaria infection. In contrast, 50 mg KAF156 protected 3 of 14 participants from infection, and doses of 800, 300, and 100 mg KAF156 protected all subjects against infection. An exposure–response analysis suggested that a 24-hour postdose concentration of KAF156 of 21.5 ng/mL (90% confidence interval, 17.66–25.32 ng/mL) would ensure a 95% chance of protection from malaria parasite infection.

Conclusions
KAF156 was safe and well tolerated and demonstrated high levels of pre- and post-CHMI protective efficacy.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT04072302
Multitemporal analysis of ambient noise polarization to characterize site response in the town of Amatrice, shattered by the 2016 central Italy earthquake
Authors: Del Gaudio Vincenzo , Wasowski Janusz , Pierri Pierpaolo , Moretti Antonio , Ferrini Gianluca 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYThe Mw 6.0 earthquake that hit central Italy on 2016 August 24 caused an abnormally high level of destruction in the town of Amatrice. In order to clarify the role of site response in causing such a disaster, a series of ambient noise recordings acquired in the aftermath of the event are analysed here to identify site resonance properties from the ratios H/V between horizontal and vertical amplitudes of ground motion. Although the noise data acquisition was limited by the emergency management activities, the use of a new analysis technique, which isolates the contribution of Rayleigh waves to the noise wavefield and averages instantaneous estimates of H/V ratios, provided more stable results compared to the standard Nakamura's technique based on mean spectral ratios. The results demonstrated the occurrence of significant resonance phenomena, but without an obvious correlation with the spatial distribution of damage severity. It is apparent that the damage severity was also influenced by some additional local factors related to building vulnerability. Moreover, the time-series analysis revealed seasonal variations in the Rayleigh wave ellipticity curves likely related to the water content changes in the surface deposits and their influence on the Poisson coefficient. Finally, the new method proved capable of recognizing time-varying directions of Rayleigh wave propagation. This capability could be exploited to support other passive seismic methods (e.g. ReMi), whose results’ reliability is limited by the lack of control on wave direction origin.
Outcome of modified réparation à l’ètage ventriculaire (REV) based on anatomical characteristics for the anomalous ventriculoarterial connection with ventricular septal defect and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction
Authors: An Kang , Hu Shengshou , Li Shoujun , Yan Jun , Wang Xu , Hua Zhongdong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The present study evaluated the results of the modified réparation à l’étage ventriculaire (REV) based on the individual anatomical and pathological findings of the patients with an anomalous ventriculo-arterial connection with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.

METHODS
We reviewed a series of 24 patients who underwent modified REV between 2005 and 2019. Surgical indications included ventricles and atrioventricular valves suitable for biventricular repair, severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (peak gradient &gt;30 mmHg), unrestrictive subaortic VSD and coronary arteries not suitable for reimplantation.

RESULTS
The mean follow-up time was 7.0 ± 4.2 years (range 0.5–14.1 years). Kaplan–Meier analyses showed that overall survival was 100% and freedom from any reoperation was 93.3% ± 6.4%. Longitudinal analyses of the available postoperative echocardiographic data showed that the left ventricular outflow tract peak gradient was less than 10 mmHg in all patients (15/15) and the left ventricular ejection fraction was more than 50% in 93.3% of patients (14/15). The right ventricular outflow tract peak gradient was less than 40 mmHg in 73.3% of patients (11/15).

CONCLUSIONS
The REV remains an option for selected patients despite the increasing use in recent years of the Nikaidoh procedure and its modifications. The surgical strategy needs to be determined by the specific anatomical and pathological findings of the patient. The modified REV had excellent long-term survival and freedom from reoperation for the treatment of anomalous ventriculo-arterial connection with VSD and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. The long-term performance of the reconstructed left ventricular outflow tract and right ventricular outflow tract is satisfactory.
The Impact of Immunosuppression on Chronic Kidney Disease in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The D:A:D Study
Authors: Ryom Lene , Lundgren Jens D , Reiss Peter , Ross Mike , Kirk Ole , Fux Christophe A , Morlat Phillipe , Fontas Eric , Smith Colette , De Wit Stephane , d’Arminio Monforte Antonella , El Sadr Wafaa , Hatleberg Camilla , Phillips Andrew , Sabin Caroline , Law Matthew , Mocroft Amanda 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Relations between different measures of human immunodeficiency virus–related immunosuppression and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain unknown.

Methods
Immunosuppression measures included baseline, current, time-lagged and nadir CD4, years and percentage of follow-up (%FU) with CD4 ≤200 cells/μL, and CD4 recovery. CKD was defined as confirmed estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;60 mL/minute/1.73 m2.

Results
Of 33 791 persons, 2226 developed CKD. Univariably, all immunosuppression measures predicted CKD. Multivariably, the strongest predictor was %FU CD4 ≤200 cells/μL (0 vs &gt;25%; incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.77 [95% confidence interval [CI], .68–.88]), with highest effect in those at low D:A:D CKD risk (IRR, 0.45 [95% CI, .24–.80]) vs 0.80 [95% CI, .70–.93]).

Conclusions
Longer immunosuppression duration most strongly predicts CKD and affects persons at low CKD risk more.
Role of Base Excision Repair inListeria monocytogenesDNA Stress Survival During Infections
Authors: Zhang Juan , Wang Shuyi , Abee Tjakko , van der Veen Stijn 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundBase excision repair (BER), consisting mostly of lesion-specific DNA glycosylases and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonucleases, is one of the most important DNA repair mechanisms for repair of single nucleobase lesions generated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as part of an immune response against bacterial infections. However, few studies have addressed the contribution of BER to bacterial virulence and Listeria monocytogenes BER has thus far remained completely uncharacterized.MethodsAnalysis of the L. monocytogenes EGDe genome identified 7 DNA glycosylases (MutM, MutY, Nth, Tag, Mpg, Ung, and Ung2) and 2 apurinic/apyrimidinic endonucleases (Xth and Nfo) as part of BER. Markerless in-frame deletion mutants were generated for all 9 genes, and mutants were tested for DNA damage survival, mutagenesis, and the ability to colonize a mouse model of infection.ResultsDistinct lesion-specific phenotypes were identified for all deletion mutants. Importantly, the Δnth, ΔmutY, and Δnfo mutants were significantly attenuated for virulence in the mouse model and showed much lower colonization of the liver and spleen or were unable to compete with the wild-type strain during in vivo competition assays.ConclusionsOur results highlight the importance of BER for L. monocytogenes virulence and survival of DNA-damaging insults during host colonization.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial resistance: a debate
Authors: van Duin David , Barlow Gavin , Nathwani Dilip 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having an enormous impact on public health. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 has become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many regions around the world. As many COVID-19 patients are treated with antibiotics, there is concern regarding an associated rise in rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). On the other hand, social distancing, isolation and reduced travel may result in decreased spread of AMR. In this issue of JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, we present a PRO/CON debate on the question of the potential impact of COVID-19 on AMR rates.
Reflector Localization of Breast Lesions and Parameters Associated with Positive Surgical Margins in Women Undergoing Breast Conservation Surgery
Authors: Kuzmiak Cherie M , Kim Suk Jung , Lee Sheila S , Jordan Sheryl G , Gallagher Kristalyn K , Ollila David W , Zeng Donglin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate our experience with reflector localization of breast lesions and parameters influencing surgical margins in patients with a malignant diagnosis.MethodsA retrospective institution review board–approved review of our institutional database was performed for breast lesions preoperatively localized from September 1, 2016, through December 31, 2017. Wire localizations were excluded. From electronic medical records and imaging, the following data was recorded: breast density, lesion type and size, reflector placement modality and number placed, reflector distance from lesion and skin, excision of lesion and reflector, tissue volume, margin status, and final pathology. Statistical analysis was performed with a Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney test, and logistic regression. P &lt; 0.05 was significant.ResultsA total of 111 reflectors were deployed in the breasts of 103 women with 109 breast lesions. Ninety (81.1%) reflectors were placed under mammographic guidance and 21 (18.9%) under US. The lesions consisted of 68 (62.4%) masses, 17 (15.6%) calcifications, 2 (1.8%) architectural distortions, and 22 (20.2%) biopsy markers. Fourteen (21.2%) of 66 cases with a preoperative malignant diagnosis had a positive surgical margin. Final pathology, including 6 lesions upgraded to malignancy on excision, demonstrated 72 (66.0%) malignant, 22 (20.2%) high-risk, and 15 (13.8%) benign lesions. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed no statistically significant parameters (lesion type or size, placement modality, reflector distance to skin or lesion, specimen radiography or pathology) were associated with a positive surgical margin.ConclusionReflector localization is an alternative to wire localization of breast lesions. There were no lesion-specific or technical parameters affecting positive surgical margins.
Conjuring the Criminal State: The “State-Idea” in Post-Conflict Reconstruction and International Statebuilding
Authors: Schwartz Rachel A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA central challenge of post-conflict recovery is the reconstruction of state institutions, which often emerge from war destroyed or otherwise unable to carry out core administrative activities. But scholarship on international peacebuilding and post-conflict politics tends to focus narrowly on the functional aspects of the state, the state-system, to the neglect of another critical dimension: the state-idea, or its symbolic and normative authority. How do internationally backed institution-building efforts shape the ideational foundations of the state following conflict? Drawing on original interviews and archival research from postwar Guatemala, this article illustrates how, paradoxically, postwar peacebuilding and rule of law initiatives that sought to strengthen the capacity of state institutions simultaneously contributed to the discursive construction of the state as a criminal organization. Specifically, the United Nations’ International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG), in seeking to combat state-based criminal structures and bolster institutions, transformed long-held conceptions of Guatemala's “weak” or “failed” state into an alternative vision of the state as a powerful complex of clandestine, predatory networks, and practices. In conjuring the state as a criminal organization that appropriates the formal organs of political power for illicit ends, this international statebuilding initiative generated a coherent and durable state-idea that belies key advances in institutional capacity and the rule of law. Overall, this article contributes to growing debates about the unintended, deleterious effects of international statebuilding efforts by demonstrating how distinct ideas of state power come to fill the void between state capacity and legitimacy.