bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palatomaxillary Obturation and Facial Prosthetics in Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Wang Weitao , Shokri Tom , Vincent Aurora , Vest Allison , Williams Fayette , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRehabilitation of head and neck defects following trauma, oncologic resection, or congenital malformation is a challenging task. Not only is the restoration of three-dimensional form necessary for acceptable cosmesis, but simultaneous restoration of functional speech and swallow is also essential for optimal reconstruction outcomes. While advances in free tissue transfer have allowed surgical reconstruction of head and neck defects once considered inoperable and associated with poor quality of life, not all patients are ideal surgical candidates. As such, nonsurgical solutions to both functional and cosmetic restoration remain a necessary alternative option. Facial prostheses and palatomaxillary obturators have evolved with increasingly biocompatible materials as well as retention systems to address significant defects that challenge the limits of surgical reconstruction.
A Validation Study of Liver Volumetry Estimation by a Semiautomated Software in Patients Undergoing Hepatic Resections
Authors: Kulkarni Suyash S. , Shetty Nitin Sudhakar , Gala Kunal B. , Patkar Shraddha , Narang Amrita , Polnaya Ashwin M. , Patil Sushil , Shetty Neeraj G. , Hota Falguni , Goel Mahesh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurpose The purpose of this study was to validate the use of a semiautomated software for liver volumetry preoperatively by comparing it with the volume of resected specimen in patients undergoing hepatic resections.Materials and Methods This is a single-center retrospective study of patients who underwent estimation of future liver remnant (FLR) using Myrian XP-Liver which is a semiautomated software for hepatectomy. The estimated resection volume, which is the sum of volume of normal liver to be resected and tumor volume, was compared with actual specimen weight to calculate the accuracy of the software. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software version 24.Results Data on FLR estimation using the semiautomated software was available for 200 out of 388 patients who underwent formal hepatic resections. The median resected volume of surgical specimen was 650 mL (interquartile range [IQR] 364–950), while the median estimated volume using the Myrian software was 617 mL (IQR 362–979). There was significant correlation between estimated resection volume calculated using the semiautomated method and actual specimen weight (p-value < 0.0001) with the Spearman’s correlation value of 0.956.Conclusion The estimated volume of liver to be resected as calculated by the semiautomated software was accurate and correlated significantly with the volume of resected specimen, and hence, the estimation of FLR volume may likely correlate with the true postoperative residual liver volume. In addition, the software-based liver segmentation, FLR estimation, and color-coded three-dimensional images provide a clear road map to the surgeon to facilitate safe resection.
Complications in Facial Esthetic Surgery
Authors: Namin Arya , Shokri Tom , Vincent Aurora , Saman Masoud , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEsthetic surgery continues to become increasingly popular both in the United States and globally. Facial esthetic procedures in particular account for a large proportion of procedures performed. This increase in popularity will inevitably result in the number of potential complications associated with these procedures. In this review, the authors describe common complications encountered with frequently performed cosmetic facial procedures and their associated management. This article is meant as a general overview and introduction to potential complications surgeons may encounter, interested readers are encouraged to further review comprehensive subspecialty literature for more detailed discussion.
Consideration in Microvascular Reconstruction during Times of Social Crises: Perspectives on Resource Utilization
Authors: Kent Sean Lloyd , Kim Yohanan , Perez Hector , Frank Ethan , Gentry Vance , LaTour Donn , Inman Jared 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReconstruction of head and neck surgical defects can be a complicated, costly process. While the era of cost-effective medicine has begun to broadly question the necessity of high-cost care, times of extraordinary sociomedical demand bring increased scrutiny to even routine costs and resource utilization. Within this context, we reviewed the advantages, drawbacks, and financial costs of both regional and free flap reconstructions, namely the decreased costs and hospital resource utilization that may be associated with reconstruction using regional flaps. Although beset by reports of partial necrosis in certain regional flaps—particularly the submental island, cervicofacial advancement, and supraclavicular artery island flaps—many reports have demonstrated complication and flap failure rates equivalent to those of free flaps. Additionally, regional flaps have been associated with decreased costs for hospital stay, most notably in cases of postoperative complications. In cases necessitating free flap reconstruction, cost-savings strategies such as bypassing postoperative intensive care unit admissions have been shown to provide satisfactory, safe outcomes. As the head and neck surgeon continues to adapt to the medical pressures of a global pandemic, resource-sparing approaches to oncologic care will persist in their newfound importance.
Queer linguistics and identity
Authors: Jones Lucy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this short essay, I offer some reflections on language and sexuality work over the past decade. My discussion is focused on the increasing influence of queer theory, in particular, and I comment on trends in research into language and queer identities. I take into account not only the work published in theJournal of Language and Sexualityand beyond, but also that presented over the past decade at the annual Lavender Languages and Linguistics conference.
Precise control of the ratiometric fluorescence of dual-emissive B/N-doped carbon dots using pH-dependent bonds
Authors: Liu Fan , Jiang Yuan , Shao HaiBao , Wang Chunlei , Xu Shuhong , Zhang Rong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Precise control of the structure and bonds of doped carbon dots (CDs) is important, so that their fluorescence can be tuned as desired. Up until now, there has been a lack of effective ways to control the bonds of doped CDs. In this article, we show that the fluorescence of B/N-doped carbon dots (B/N-CDs) can be precisely tuned just by controlling their precursors’ pH values. The prepared B/N-CDs exhibit two emission bands, including one emission peak at around 450 nm due to the defect state caused by low sp2 hybridization of carbon atoms, as well as another emission peak at around 360 nm caused by the B-N bond. The results for the ratio of the maximum intensity of the two emission peaks above show a linear relationship. Meanwhile, the role of the pH value of the precursors on the luminescence of B/N-CDs is deeply studied. On the one hand, the pH value affects the bonding process of CDs. N-H bonds tend to form at a low pH value, while more competitive B-N bonds exist at much higher pH value, leading to the pH-dependent intensity of the 360 nm emission band. On the other hand, a high pH value causes higher crystallinity, thus suppressing defect-state fluorescence at 450 nm. The dual effects of pH lead to precisely controlled dual-emission intensities as well as ratiometric fluorescence.
Pure and even-aged forestry of fast-growing conifers under climate change: on the need for a silvicultural paradigm shift
Authors: Ols Clémentine , Bontemps Jean-Daniel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pure and even-aged (PEA) forests of fast-growing conifer species have for a long time been key providers of industrial raw material. Despite recent concerns regarding their greater sensitivity to major natural disturbances, their impacts on biodiversity and their funding efficiency, PEA conifer forests could remain a major economic target given the ongoing European strategy for bioeconomy. These forests are encountered in contrasted climates and in both native and introduced contexts across Europe, giving rise to high uncertainties regarding their growth responses to current climate change. Using the French National Forest Inventory data, we studied the radial growth of eight major conifer species in European forestry across 16 regional native and introduced PEA forest systems (n > 10 000 trees). Growth trends over the 2006–2016 period exhibited a significant negative association with the absolute growth level in 2006, with the strongest negative growth trends found for emblematic PEA forestry species (e.g. Norway spruce and Douglas fir), and the strongest positive trends for pine species (e.g. Scots pine). While the greater growth rate advantage of some species may shorten rotation and lower risk exposures for future decades, their recent lowered productivity may affect the forest sector in the long run. The prevalence of PEA forests across European forest landscapes and their increasingly reported lower resilience to climate change compared to more complex forest systems call for the establishment of a long-term European forest policy strategy. Maintaining the environmental, social and economic benefits of forests should remain a priority in the European agenda, regardless of the financial costs at stake.
Evolution of interlayer stacking orders and rotations in bilayer PtSe2 visualized by STEM
Authors: Xu Lei , Liu Huan , Song Chenzhi , Li Xiaomin , Li Feng , Li Delong , Wang Lifen , Bai Xuedong , Qi Junjie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Understanding the evolution mechanisms of interlayer stacking structures, particularly at the atomic scale, is of great significance for modulating the physical properties and realizing the full potential of 2D materials in electronics and quantum information applications. Herein, by performing in situ experiments using aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, the evolution of diverse interlayer stacking sequences (from 3R to N, N to 3R and N(3R) to AB′-stacked) in bilayer PtSe2 are directly observed. Furthermore, the interlayer rotational angles are tuned (e.g. 13.3° to 9.4°, 16.8° to 11° and 16.1° to 6°) in situ at real time in bilayer PtSe2. Density functional theory calculations reveal a small energy barrier (<0.2 eV per formula unit) for the kinetic evolution of interlayer structures. The illumination electron beam, while being as an atomic-scale probe for imaging, transfers enough energy initiating the transition. The bilayer PtSe2 has show the rich stacking and twisted structures which may create novel physical phenomena. These findings shed new light on the diversity of structural properties of bilayer PtSe2, which may be valuable for constituting a step further toward their potential uses for next generation of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides-based device applications.
Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing: Implications for Risk Assessment and Management in Occupational Settings
Authors: Leso Veruscka , Ercolano Maria Luigia , Mazzotta Ines , Romano Marco , Cannavacciuolo Francesca , Iavicoli Ivo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The widespread application of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, commonly known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, in industrial and home-business sectors, and the expected increase in the number of workers and consumers that use these devices, have raised concerns regarding the possible health implications of 3D printing emissions. To inform the risk assessment and management processes, this review evaluates available data concerning exposure assessment in AM workplaces and possible effects of 3D printing emissions on humans identified through in vivo and in vitro models in order to inform risk assessment and management processes. Peer-reviewed literature was identified in Pubmed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases. The literature demonstrated that a significant fraction of the particles released during 3D printing could be in the ultrafine size range. Depending upon the additive material composition, increased levels of metals and volatile organic compounds could be detected during AM operations, compared with background levels. AM phases, specific job tasks performed, and preventive measures adopted may all affect exposure levels. Regarding possible health effects, printer emissions were preliminary reported to affect the respiratory system of involved workers. The limited number of workplace studies, together with the great variety of AM techniques and additive materials employed, limit generalizability of exposure features. Therefore, greater scientific efforts should be focused at understanding sources, magnitudes, and possible health effects of exposures to develop suitable processes for occupational risk assessment and management of AM technologies.
Malware and market share: a comment on Arce
Authors: Jegers Marc , Van Hove Leo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractArce (Malware and market share. J Cybersecur 2018;4:tyy010) presents a game-theoretic model in which users select and hackers target one of two IT platforms based upon the platforms’ network benefits and security levels. Unfortunately, in modelling the network benefits, Arce misinterprets Metcalfe’s law. In particular, he assumes that the utility that a user obtains from a platform increases quadratically with the number of users, whereas Metcalfe’s law holds that utility increases linearly with network size.
Comparing Anal Cancer Screening Algorithms Using Cytology and Human Papillomavirus DNA Testing in 3 High-Risk Populations
Authors: Gaisa Michael M , Sigel Keith M , Deshmukh Ashish A , Lenskaya Volha , Chan Courtney A , Silvera Richard , Winters John , Liu Yuxin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Screening strategies for high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV)-associated anal cancer are evolving. Herein, we compare anal cytology to hrHPV DNA testing and 2 novel cytology/hrHPV cotesting algorithms among 3 high-risk populations.

Methods
Anal cytology, hrHPV DNA testing, and high-resolution anoscopy (HRA)-guided biopsy results were analyzed from 1837 participants (1504 HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM), 155 HIV-uninfected MSM, and 178 HIV-infected women). Performance to detect histological high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL)/cancer was compared between 4 strategies with distinct HRA referral thresholds: cytology (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, ASCUS); hrHPV testing (any hrHPV positive); algorithm A (benign cytology/HPV16/18 positive or ASCUS/hrHPV positive); and algorithm B (benign or ASCUS/hrHPV positive).

Results
Histological HSIL/cancer was detected in 756 (41%) participants. Cytology had the lowest sensitivity (0.76–0.89) but highest specificity (0.33–0.36) overall and for each subgroup. Algorithm B was the most sensitive strategy overall (0.97) and for MSM (HIV-infected 0.97; HIV-uninfected 1.00). For women, hrHPV testing and both algorithms yielded higher sensitivity than cytology (0.96, 0.98, and 0.96). Specificity was low for all strategies/subgroups (range, 0.16–0.36).

Conclusions
Screening algorithms that incorporate cytology and hrHPV testing significantly increased sensitivity but decreased specificity to detect anal precancer/cancer among high-risk populations.
Effectiveness of Mechanical Traction for Lumbar Radiculopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vanti Carla , Panizzolo Alice , Turone Luca , Guccione Andrew A , Violante Francesco Saverio , Pillastrini Paolo , Bertozzi Lucia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
Lumbar radiculopathy (LR) is a pain syndrome caused by compression/irritation of the lumbar nerve root(s). Traction is a well-known and commonly used conservative treatment for LR, although its effectiveness is disputed. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was to evaluate the effects of different types of traction added to or compared with conservative treatments on pain and disability.

Methods
Data were obtained from CENTRAL, PUBMED, CINAHL, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and PEDro from their inception to April 2020. All randomized controlled trials on adults with LR, using mechanical traction, and without any restriction regarding publication time or language were considered. Two reviewers selected the studies, evaluated the quality assessment, and extracted the results. Meta-analysis used a random-effects model. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, and 5 were meta-analyzed.

Results
Meta-analyses of results from low-quality studies indicated that supine mechanical traction added to physical therapist treatments had significant effects on pain (g = −0.58 [95% confidence interval = −0.87 to −0.29]) and disability (g = −0.78 [95% confidence interval = −1.45 to −0.11]). Analyses of results from high-quality studies of prone mechanical traction added to physical therapist intervention for pain and disability were not significant. These results were also evident at short-term follow-up (up to 3 months after intervention).

Conclusion
The literature suggests that, for pain and disability in LR, there is short-term effectiveness of supine mechanical traction when added to physical therapist intervention.

Impact
This systematic review may be relevant for clinical practice due to its external validity because the treatments and the outcome measures are very similar to those commonly used in a clinical context.
Pseudo-Protrusio Acetabular Deformity in Osteogenesis Imperfecta Patients
Authors: Song Mi Hyun , Kamisan Norazian , Lim Chaemoon , Shin Chang Ho , Yoo Won Joon , Song Hae-Ryong , Choi In Ho , Cho Tae-Joon 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) can develop a protrusio acetabuli deformity. However, the authors observed a pseudo-protrusio-type acetabular deformity (PPAD) on 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT). Hence, we systematically reviewed 3D-CT and pelvis radiographs of OI patients and report the incidence and patterns of acetabular deformity in OI patients and the associated radiographic signs.

Methods:
The study included 590 hips of 295 OI patients, who were older than 5 years, and did not have a pelvic fracture. The incidence of a deformed acetabulum (center-edge angle >40 degrees) and its correlation with disease severity were investigated. In 40 hips for which 3D-CT was available, 3-dimensional morphology of the acetabular deformity was analyzed to delineate PPAD. On plain radiographs, PPAD-related signs were determined, focusing on the contour of ilioischial line, iliopectineal line, acetabular line, and their relationship. These radiographic signs were also evaluated in the remaining hips with deformed acetabula that did not have 3D-CT.

Results:
One hundred twenty-three hips of 590 hips (21%) showed deformed acetabula. The incidence of deformed acetabula was significantly associated with disease severity (P<0.001). Three-dimensional analysis showed that 10 hips had protrusio acetabuli, whereas 17 had PPAD, which showed that the hemipelvis was crumpled, the acetabular roof was rotated upwardly and medially, and the hip center migrated superiorly, uncovering the anterior femoral head. Among the PPAD-related signs, superomedial bulging of the iliopectineal line was the most predictive radiographic sign (73% sensitivity and 100% specificity). This sign was also observed in almost one third of deformed acetabula of those investigated only with plain radiographs.

Conclusions:
This study showed that acetabular deformity is common in OI patients and is associated with disease severity. A substantial number of hips showed PPAD, which may not cause femoroacetabular impingement but result in anterior uncovering of the hip joint. Superomedial bulging of the iliopectineal line suggests this pattern of acetabular deformity.

Level of Evidence:
Lever IV—prognostic studies.
Acceptance and Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccines: A Cross-Sectional Study from Jordan
Authors: El-Elimat Tamam , AbuAlSamen Mahmoud M. , Almomani Basima A. , Al-Sawalha Nour A. , Alali Feras Q. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundVaccines are effective interventions that can reduce the high burden of diseases globally. However, public vaccine hesitancy is a pressing problem for public health authorities. With the availability of COVID-19 vaccines, little information is available on the public acceptability and attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccines in Jordan. This study aimed to investigate the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines and its predictors in addition to the attitudes towards these vaccines among public in Jordan.MethodsAn online, cross-sectional, and self-administered questionnaire was instrumentalized to survey adult participants from Jordan on the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines. Logistic regression analysis was used to find the predictors of COVID-19 vaccines’ acceptability.ResultsA total of 3,100 participants completed the survey. The public acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines was fairly low (37.4%) in Jordan. Males (OR=2.488, 95CI%=1.834–3.375, p<.001) and those who took the seasonal influenza vaccine (OR=2.036, 95CI%=1.306–3.174, p=.002) were more likely to accept Covid-19 vaccines. Similarly, participants who believed that vaccines are generally safe (OR=9.258, 95CI%=6.020–14.237, p<.001) and those who were willing to pay for vaccines (OR=19.223, 95CI%=13.665–27.042, p<.001), once available, were more likely to accept the COVID-19 vaccines. However, those above 35 years old (OR=0.376, 95CI%=0.233-0.607, p<.001) and employed participants (OR=0.542, 95CI%=0.405-0.725, p<.001) were less likely to accept the COVID-19 vaccines. Moreover, participants who believed that there was a conspiracy behind COVID-19 (OR=0.502, 95CI%=0.356- 0.709, p<.001) and those who do not trust any source of information on COVID-19 vaccines (OR=0.271, 95CI%=0.183 – 0.400, p<.001), were less likely to have acceptance towards them. The most trusted sources of information on COVID-19 vaccines were healthcare providers.ConclusionSystematic interventions are required by public health authorities to reduce the levels of vaccines’ hesitancy and improve their acceptance. We believe these results and specifically the low rate of acceptability is alarming to Jordanian health authorities and should stir further studies on the root causes and the need of awareness campaigns. These interventions should take the form of reviving the trust in national health authorities and structured awareness campaigns that offer transparent information about the safety and efficacy of the vaccines and the technology that was utilized in their production.
A Single Cell Gene Expression Atlas of 28 Human Livers
Authors: Brancale Joseph , Vilarinho Sílvia 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThe liver is the largest solid organ in the human body and is responsible for a multitude of essential functions for survival. Chronic liver injury affects over 1 billion people worldwide and therapeutic options other than liver transplantation are a critical unmet medical need. Thus, advances in molecular hepatology are essential to facilitate the discovery of new therapeutic targets. Here we describe the aggregation and integration of single cell RNA-sequencing in more than 36,000 cells from 28 human livers reported in five independent studies. Noteworthy, the merged data shows a high degree of overlap, demonstrating the robustness of liver gene expression at single cell level independent of age, gender, liver collection, processing and sequencing methods. Hence, this data allowed us to develop a user-friendly web browser for quick and easy interrogation and comparison of gene expression across a variety of parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cell populations. Collectively, this study provides the largest human liver transcriptomic single cell atlas accessible for interactive visualization via an open-access web portal to the research community worldwide.