bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Phytochemical and Ethnopharmacological Recapitulation on Hamelia patens
Authors: Noor Gazala , Ahmad Md.Afroz , Ahsan Farogh , Mahmood Tarique , Arif Muhammad , Khushtar Mohammad 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe world health organization reports that 80% of the population living within the developing countries depends basically on traditional medicine for his or her primary health care. Quite half the entire world's population still depends entirely on plants for medicines, and plants provides the active ingredients to the most traditional medical products. Hamelia patens that belong to the family Rubiaceae, is mainly found in tropical and sub-tropical areas. It is used in folk medicine against a wide range of diseases such as athlete’s foot, skin problems, insect sting, psychiatric disorder, rheumatism, headache, asthma, dysentery, menses, ovarian and uterine disorders. Hamelia consists of an important bioactive constituent such as oxindole alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic content. Due to the presence of chlorogenic acid and epicatechin constituent in the methanolic extract of Hamelia patens, there is a noticeable anti-hyperglycemic activity as well as it possesses antioxidant activity. Acute and sub-acute toxicity study has been performed on Hamelia patens which shows that it is safe and can be used for humans. Against fungi and bacteria, the ethanol leaf extract of Hamelia has a maximum inhibitory effect. The plant has various therapeutic effects like anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-diarrheal, anthelmintic, antidepressant, hepatoprotective, antiurolithiatic, diuretic, wound healing, and many others. In this article, we have discussed chemical constituent, pharmacological activity and traditional use of Hamelia patens.
Reference values for quantitative parameters in renal scintigraphy with Tc-99m-MAG3
Authors: Eilsberger Friederike , Reiber Constantin , Luster Markus , Librizzi Damiano , Pfestroff Andreas , Verburg Frederik A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Reference values are the basis for an increase of standardisation and examiner independence, and thus an improvement in the inter-institutional comparability. However for renal Mercaptoacetyltriglycin (MAG3)-scintigraphy the establishment of such values however did not find its way into clinical routine despite the convincing advantages.
Aim The aim was to establish reference values for the decisive quantitative parameters of MAG3 renal scintigraphy. The reference values should help to significantly improve and facilitate the interpretation of the examination results in everyday clinical practice.
Methods We retrospectively evaluated all MAG3 renal scintigraphies performed in the Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Marburg between 01/2014 and 08/2017. The total sample of non-pathological renal scintigrafies included 247 patients aged between 25 days and 88 years. All investigtions were performed according to the present guidelines of the German Association for Nuclear Medicine. We analysed the ratio from pulse count rate after 20 minutes/Time (T) max and the Tmax separately.
Results Reference values for the Tmax and 20 min/T(max) count ratio of the MAG3 renal scintigraphy were defined for all adults over 18 years and divided by age catogories. For children aged 0–0.5 years and 0.5–2 years reference values for Tmax were defined.
Conclusion The results show a high degree of consistency with the reference values screened out in previous studies. This underlines the reliability of the reference values as a diagnostic tool in clinical application. The defined values are clinically feasible and promise a simplified and improved interpretation of the MAG3 renal scintigraphy.
Diabetes and HIV
Authors: Salam Ranabir , Bajaj Sarita , Kapoor Nitin , Saboo Banshi , Dasgupta Arundhati 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn India, the prevalence of HIV infection among adults (15–49 years) is estimated at 0.26%. The total number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in India was estimated at 21.17 lakhs in 2015. There has been a declining trend in the mortality rate of HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). With HIV becoming a chronic manageable disease, metabolic complications like diabetes mellitus (DM) and dyslipidemia are coming to the forefront. Generally, protease inhibitors (PI) are implicated in metabolic derangement; however, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) like stavudine can also cause diabetes. Among HIV-infected patients, the prevalence of diabetes is reported to range from 2 to 19%, so there is strong case for screening of diabetes among HIV-infected cases. The South Asian Consensus Guidelines recommend that both fasting and postprandial glucose values should be checked at screening and during monitoring of therapy. National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) recommends fasting plasma glucose with value ≥ 126 mg% diagnostic of diabetes mellitus. HbA1c may underestimate the degree of hyperglycemia in HIV-infected individuals and may not be a good diagnostic tool. Lifestyle modification is recommended as part of treatment. Metformin should be used with caution in HIV patients. Concomitant use of metformin with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) can cause lactic acidosis. Thiazolidinediones should be the drug of choice in HIV, particularly in patients with lipodystrophy. Insulin secretagogues (meglitinides and sulfonylureas) are safe but may not be effective in the presence of severe insulin resistance. There are concerns regarding the use of gliptins in HIV-infected patients as they have molecular targets on immune cells. Insulin should be the drug of choice for HIV-infected patients with marked hyperglycemia (HbA1c > 9%), ketonuria, severe liver disease, or severe kidney disease. SGLT2 inhibitor may increase the risk of urinary tract infection and genital mycotic infections in HIV-infected diabetics. Regarding the use of ART among HIV patients with diabetes, NACO guidelines recommend that Tenofovir, lamivudine, and efavirenz should be used as first-line ART for all new patients, except known cases of severe diabetes, severe hypertension, or renal disease. Tenofovir, lamivudine, and lopinavir/ritonavir should be used as first line in women ever exposed to single dose Nevirapine in the past and also for all confirmed HIV-2 or HIV-1 & 2 coinfected patients. HIV infected with diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria or proteinuria need Abacavir-based regimen (Abacavir + Lamivudine + Efavirenz). There is some suggestion that PI-based regimes should be avoided in patients at high risk of developing diabetes, for example, those with a history of gestational diabetes, positive family history of diabetes, or impaired glucose tolerance on screening.
Assets, Aims, Actions, Alignment, Audit: 5As in Diabetes
Authors: Joshi Ameya 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis brief communication shares the importance of the Alignment of the 3As, that is Assets, Aims, and Actions, while managing diabetes. It describes the essence of asset analysis, target decision-making, and therapeutic planning strategies. Calling for regular Audits of diabetes care, it reinforces the importance of this policy at the level of the person with diabetes, diabetes care provider, and healthcare system.
Common Controversies in Critical Care Nutrition: Review of Latest Evidences
Authors: Joshi Anshu , Mehta Yatin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Context Critical care nutrition favorably influences patient prognosis and remains an essential component of overall patient care. Various guidelines and literature discuss the modalities, benefits, and other finer details of nutrition in intensive care units. Critical care nutrition is still an emerging modality and hence, ambiguity/subjectivity exists in various aspects. Clear recommendations are not there, especially when it comes to diverse topics such as nutrition screening/assessment, underfeeding patients, types of nutrition formulae, monitoring nutrition adequacy, and tolerance and likewise. This article is an attempt to address couple of these concerns and review the latest evidences/guidelines in context of nutrition screening/assessment and monitoring tolerance by measuring gastric residual volumes (GRVs).
Evidence Acquisition Various literature including existing guidelines, original articles, and review articles published till September 2019 and discussing the specifics of nutrition screening/assessment and monitoring tolerance by measuring gastric residuals were searched on popular scientific databases such as PubMed, Scholar Google, and Embase and reviewed for contextual relevance.
Results Majority of the recommendations/evidences in this regard are either inconsistent or incomplete. Most of the tools that are recommended for nutrition screening/assessment of critical care patients are not validated for this population. Majority of literature is unanimous on not recommending biochemical parameters to be used for this purpose. Recommendations for the acceptable values of GRVs are consistent but subjectivity exits on the frequency of measurement, timing of measurement in relation to meals, and other variables.
Conclusion Till the time, nutrition screening/assessment tools for critical care patients are validated in large multicentric settings, it would be prudent to adhere to the recommendations of existing guidelines. Similarly, GRV practices and cutoff values can be followed from relevant guidelines.
How Learner Corpus Research can inform language learning and teaching
Authors: Schweinberger Martin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study aims to exemplify how language teaching can benefit from learner corpus research (LCR). To this end, this study determines how L1 and L2 English speakers with diverse L1 backgrounds differ with respect to adjective amplification, based on theInternational Corpus of Learner English(ICLE) and theLouvain Corpus of Native English Essays(LOCNESS). The study confirms trends reported in previous research, in that L1 speakers amplify adjectives more frequently than L2 English speakers. In addition, the analysis shows that L1 and L2 English speakers differ substantially with respect to the collocational profiles of specific amplifier types and with respect to awareness of genre-specific constraints on amplifier use, and that even advanced L2 speakers tend to be unaware of stylistic constraints on adjective amplification because they model their academic output based on patterns generalized from informal conversation. These findings are useful for language teaching in that the data can be used to target L1-specific difficulties experienced by L2 English speakers.
Extraordinary emergencies
Authors: Rafaely Daniella , Whitehead Kevin A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This report uses audio recorded telephone calls and textual data from an emergency medical services call center to
examine the interactional practices through which speakers produce what we call “extraordinary emergencies”, treating the events
concerned as requiring moral, as well as medical, attention. Since one of the overarching institutional aims of emergency call
centers is to facilitate the efficient provision of medical services, call-takers typically treat reported emergencies as routine
events. However, in some instances speakers produce practices that do not contribute toward the institutional agenda of providing
medical assistance, thereby treating them as extraordinary cases. These practices occurred recurrently in calls involving reports
of emergencies relating to child sexuality, including sexual assaults against children and obstetric emergencies where the mother
was particularly young. We discuss the implications of these findings for the situated reproduction of particular moral norms,
especially with respect to the category of the child in society.
When lying is more than deceiving
Authors: Li Xin , Yuan Yumeng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Lying is a common but controversial verbal phenomenon in human society. This paper aims to uncover the motivation
and mechanism of lying as regards its definition, classification and operation by analyzing both the speaker’s production and the
addressee’s interpretation process. The Relevance-Adaptation Model is adopted as its theoretical framework. Lying cases, retrieved
from an American TV drama Lie to Me, are analyzed from different perspectives to provide concrete evidence for
the theoretical assumptions.
The findings are two-fold: Theoretically, this paper formulates a working diagram of the Relevance-Adaptation
Model with some modifications to the original to be better applied to the field of lying. Empirically, it supports the claim that
the presumption of relevance motivates both the speaker and the addressee to lie or to process lying in the first place. Then,
both communicators will enter a relevance-adaptation phase through making structural choices inter-adapt with relevant contextual
correlates. An optimal lie is one which is maximally relevant and maximally adapted to the context to benefit the speaker and/or
the addressee.
An emergent English-mediated identity and a Chinese variety of WE
Authors: Tickoo Asha 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper will document an English-learning influenced transformation of self, as a shared experience amongst a
community of its Chinese users. The study examines 84 English narratives on the English language learning (ELL) experience of
undergraduate L1 speakers of Mandarin at three proficiency levels: Year II, Year III and Year IV. Identity, expressed in learners’
positioning on ELL, is assessed in its explicit, propositionally represented form, and its linguistically marked implicit
counterpart. Implicit positioning is examined at the macro-discoursal level by acknowledging the choice of the narrative
configuration, and therefore the perceptual mould, adopted for the capture of the ELL experience. It is also assessed at the
micro-discoursal, sentential level in (1) the registered sense of agency over the learning, (2) the assumed responsibility for
statements about the learning, and (3) the character of definition given to the learning. The cross-proficiency level assessment
will show that overt and implicit positioning are in consonance in capturing a gradual adoption of an English-mediated access to
the world, with resulting altered affiliations, affinities, and sense of being. The study traces the emergence of a Chinese
community uniquely defined, in its own perception, by the use of the English language; hence its significance to the World
Englishes enterprise.
Autonomic regulation of the heart and arrhythmogenesis in trained breath‐hold divers
Authors: Costalat Guillaume , Godin Benedicte , Balmain Bryce N. , Moreau Clara , Brotherton Emily , Billaut Francois , Lemaitre Frederic 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBreath‐hold divers are known to develop cardiac autonomic changes and brady‐arrthymias during prolonged breath‐holding (BH). The effects of BH‐induced hypoxemia were investigated upon both cardiac autonomic status and arrhythmogenesis by comparing breath‐hold divers (BHDs) to non‐divers (NDs). Eighteen participants (9 BHDs, 9 NDs) performed a maximal voluntary BH with face immersion. BHDs were asked to perform an additional BH at water surface to increase the degree of hypoxemia. Beat‐to‐beat changes in heart rate (HR), short‐term fractal scaling exponent (DFAα1), the number of arrhythmic events [premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), premature atrial contractions (PACs)] and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded during and immediately following BH. The corrected QT‐intervals (QTc) were analyzed pre‐ and post‐acute BH. A regression‐based model was used to split BH into a normoxic (NX) and a hypoxemic phase (HX). During the HX phase of BH, BHDs showed a progressive decrease in DFAα1 during BH with face immersion (p < 0.01) and BH with whole‐body immersion (p < 0.01) whereas NDs did not (p > 0.05). In addition, BHDs had more arrhythmic events during the HX of BH with whole‐body immersion when compared to the corresponding NX phase (5.9 ± 6.7 vs 0.4 ± 1.3; p < 0.05; respectively). The number of PVCs was negatively correlated with SpO2 during BH with whole‐body immersion (r = −0.72; p < 0.05). The hypoxemic stage of voluntary BH is concomitant with significant cardiac autonomic changes toward a synergistic sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation. Co‐activation led ultimately to increased bradycardic response and cardiac electrophysiological disturbances.
Fourier‐transform Infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy fingerprints subpopulations of extracellular vesicles of different sizes and cellular origin
Authors: Paolini Lucia , Federici Stefania , Consoli Giovanni , Arceri Diletta , Radeghieri Annalisa , Alessandri Ivano , Bergese Paolo 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTIdentification of extracellular vesicle (EV) subpopulations remains an open challenge. To date, the common strategy is based on searching and probing set of molecular components and physical properties intended to be univocally characteristics of the target subpopulation. Pitfalls include the risk to opt for an unsuitable marker set – which may either not represent the subpopulation or also cover other unintended subpopulations – and the need to use different characterization techniques and equipment. This approach focused on specific markers may result inadequate to routinely deal with EV subpopulations that have an intrinsic high level of heterogeneity. In this paper, we show that Fourier‐transform Infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy can provide a collective fingerprint of EV subpopulations in one single experiment. FT‐IR measurements were performed on large (LEVs, ~600 nm), medium (MEVs, ~200 nm) and small (SEVs ~60 nm) EVs enriched from two different cell lines medium: murine prostate cancer (TRAMP‐C2) and skin melanoma (B16). Spectral regions between 3100–2800 cm−1 and 1880–900 cm−1, corresponding to functional groups mainly ascribed to lipid and protein contributions, were acquired and processed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). LEVs, MEVs and SEVs were separately grouped for both the considered cell lines. Moreover, subpopulations of the same size but from different sources were assigned (with different degrees of accuracy) to two different groups. These findings demonstrate that FT‐IR has the potential to quickly fingerprint EV subpopulations as a whole, suggesting an appealing complement/alternative for their characterization and grading, extendable to healthy and pathological EVs and fully artificial nanovesicles.
Quasi-normal modes of hairy scalar tensor black holes: odd parity
Authors: Tattersall Oliver J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The odd parity gravitational quasi-normal mode spectrum of black holes with non-trivial scalar hair in Horndeski gravity is investigated. We study ‘almost’ Schwarzschild black holes such that any modifications to the spacetime geometry (including the scalar field profile) are treated as small quantities. A modified Regge–Wheeler style equation for the odd parity gravitational degree of freedom is presented to quadratic order in the scalar hair and spacetime modifications, and a parameterisation of the modified quasi-normal mode spectrum is calculated. In addition, statistical error estimates for the new hairy parameters of the black hole and scalar field are given.
<i>Ab initio</i> electronic structure of the Sr<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> molecular ion
Authors: Śmiałkowski Michał , Korona Tatiana , Tomza Michał 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Molecular ions formed in cold hybrid ion-atom experiments may find interesting applications ranging from precision measurements to controlled chemical reactions. Here, we investigate electronic structure of the Sr2
+ molecular ion, which may be produced by photoassociation of laser-cooled Sr+ ions immersed into an ultracold gas of Sr atoms or by ionization of ultracold Sr2 molecules. Using ab initio electronic structure methods, such as the coupled cluster and configuration interaction ones with small-core relativistic energy-consistent pseudopotentials and large Gaussian basis sets, we calculate potential energy curves for the ground and 41 excited electronic states, and electric dipole transition moments between them. We show that alkaline-earth molecular ions despite of their apparently simple structure with three valence electrons only are challenging for state-of-the-art quantum chemistry methods due to their multireference nature and high density of states. Finally, we calculate and analyze Franck-Condon factors governing the photoionization of ground-state Sr2 molecules into 2Σu
+ and 2Σg
+ states of Sr2
+ molecular ions. The present results may be useful for studying and guiding formation and spectroscopy of cold Sr2
+ molecular ions.
The 2020 skyrmionics roadmap
Authors: Back C , Cros V , Ebert H , Everschor-Sitte K , Fert A , Garst M , Ma Tianping , Mankovsky S , Monchesky T L , Mostovoy M , Nagaosa N , Parkin S S P , Pfleiderer C , Reyren N , Rosch A , Taguchi Y , Tokura Y , von Bergmann K , Zang Jiadong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The notion of non-trivial topological winding in condensed matter systems represents a major area of present-day theoretical and experimental research. Magnetic materials offer a versatile platform that is particularly amenable for the exploration of topological spin solitons in real space such as skyrmions. First identified in non-centrosymmetric bulk materials, the rapidly growing zoology of materials systems hosting skyrmions and related topological spin solitons includes bulk compounds, surfaces, thin films, heterostructures, nano-wires and nano-dots. This underscores an exceptional potential for major breakthroughs ranging from fundamental questions to applications as driven by an interdisciplinary exchange of ideas between areas in magnetism which traditionally have been pursued rather independently. The skyrmionics Roadmap provides a review of the present state of the art and the wide range of research directions and strategies currently under way. These are, for instance, motivated by the identification of the fundamental structural properties of skyrmions and related textures, processes of nucleation and annihilation in the presence of non-trivial topological winding, an exceptionally efficient coupling to spin currents generating spin transfer torques at tiny current densities, as well as the capability to purpose-design broad-band spin dynamic and logic devices.
Solute segregation to near-coincidence site lattice grain boundaries in α-iron
Authors: Hendy Mohamed A , Hamza Mohamed H , Hegazi Hesham A , Hatem Tarek M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Coincidence site lattice grain-boundaries (CSL-GBs) are commonly observed in steel alloys and play a major role in controlling their mechanical properties. In practice, CSL-GBs do experience deviations from their ideal configurations, where the deviation from the ideal symmetry plane can be modeled as sub-boundary network of misfit dislocations. In this study, segregation energy of hydrogen and carbon atoms to ∑3 (111), ∑3 (112), and ∑5 (310) CSL-GBs and their deviated configurations within Brandon’s criterion range in α-iron is studied using molecular statics simulations. Thereafter, through utilizing Rice–Wang model the change of the cohesive GB energy is computed and correlated to misfit dislocations structures. The results show significant correlation between the crystallographic aspects of the GBs and the hydrogen/carbon embrittlement/strengthening effect. While the ideal CSL-GBs consistently show the highest resistance to hydrogen enhanced decohesion effect, the deviations from the ideal configurations accompanied by misfit dislocation core structures along the boundaries show high solute carbon strengthening.