bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing online security using selective DOM approach to counter phishing attacks
Authors: Nirmal K. , Janet B. , Kumar R. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryToday's computer era has paved the way for innovations like self‐driving cars, quantum computing, and other ingenious advancements. As technology advances at a rapid pace, some issues yet remain unresolved. One of the issues is phishing, which dates back to the 1980s. Phishing is an art used by cybercriminals from the 1980s until to date targeting online users to harvest financial, confidential, and other sensitive information. The art and the methodologies used by cybercriminals have not evolved much from the AOL (American online) heydays. However, the counter mechanisms to defeat phishing have undergone considerable changes over the past two decades. Although sophisticated antiphishing systems are in place, statistics shows that phishing is a major threat. Our practical research proves that one of the state‐of‐the‐art antiphishing systems can be bypassed using simple techniques. The research further demonstrates why today's antiphishing mechanisms fail and the need for a novel mechanism that will identify the authenticity of the website. In this manuscript, an antiphishing algorithm, PhishSec (PH‐Sec), is introduced. PhishSec will not consider the URL of the website as the primary factor to determine the authenticity, rather take a reverse approach where the URL of the website is derived by analyzing the content of the visited website to establish its authenticity. To accomplish this, the HTML DOM (document object model) of a given web page on load is considered. This manuscript quotes the research results of the analysis of a state‐of‐the‐art antiphishing system along with the introduced algorithm to counter‐attack phishing. The introduced system detects phishing attacks with 99.21% of accuracy.
Crosslinkable Bis(diphenylamine)‐Substituted Mixed Dihydroindeno[1,2‐b]fluorenes for Solution‐Processed Multilayer Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Hempe Matthias , Paschek Johanna , Schelter Jürgen , Umbach Anne , Meerholz Klaus , Reggelin Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe synthesis and application of a series of crosslinkable bis(diphenylamine)‐substituted mixed dihydroindeno[1,2‐b]fluorenes as model systems for the fabrication of solution‐processed, multilayer organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is described. Introducing a novel functionalization approach by C(sp3)−C(sp2) Suzuki‐Miyaura reactions, the synthesis is based on a modular strategy, leading to eight nearly isoelectronic derivatives that allow for the observation of structure‐property relationships in the context of crosslinkable hole‐transport materials, e. g., for use in OLEDs. By systematically altering structural parameters, such as the number of crosslinkable oxetane moieties per molecule (2–6 moieties) and their position of attachment (geminal and/or lateral), process‐relevant thermal properties such as thermal stability (Td95, 170‐350°C) and glass‐transition temperature (15‐100°C) can be influenced and allow for the investigation of their impact on the crosslinking behavior and the resulting device performance.
Improving the Reliability and Accuracy of Ammonia Quantification in Electro‐ and Photochemical Synthesis
Authors: Duan Guo Yi , Ren Yuan , Tang Yang , Sun Yan Zhi , Chen Yong Mei , Wan Ping Yu , Yang Xiao Jin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe reliable and accurate quantification of ammonia in electrochemical and photochemical experiments has been a technical challenge owing to the extremely low concentration of generated ammonia, interference from trace amounts of cations and organic compounds, and ammonia contamination from various sources. As a result, overestimation and significant errors may happen in many research works. Herein, accuracy and precision of ion chromatography (IC) are evaluated at different pH; excellent performance with a low detection limit (<2 μg L−1) under acidic and neutral conditions is found, whereas the linearity is unsatisfactory in the low NH4+ concentration range (0–100 μg L−1) under alkaline conditions. High concentrations of Li+ and Na+ are difficult to separate from NH4+ in conventional IC, but this can be solved by employing a high‐exchange‐capacity column or gradient elution. The interference effects of 14 common transition metal cations and 6 common organic compounds on the quantification of ammonium with low‐level concentration (500 μg L−1) using IC are systematically investigated, and the results demonstrate good robustness. The overestimation caused by ammonia contamination from reagent water, surroundings, and even the analytical grade of inorganic and organic reagents are confirmed and the results indicate the necessity to prepare and test fresh electrolyte solutions before each experiment, owing to the high sensitivity of acidic and neutral solutions to ammonia contamination from the surroundings. The ammonization of a Nafion membrane during experiments and the underestimation in quantification are also discussed. Finally, a reliable level of synthesized ammonia is identified and some recommendations are presented to improve the reliability and accuracy of ammonia quantification.
Microfluidic Cytometry for High‐Throughput Characterization of Single Cell Cytoplasmic Viscosity Using Crossing Constriction Channels
Authors: Wang Ke , Sun Xiaohao , Zhang Yi , Wei Yuanchen , Chen Deyong , Wu Hengan , Song Zijian , Long Rong , Wang Junbo , Chen Jian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article presents an approach of microfluidic flow cytometry capable of continuously characterizing cytoplasmic viscosities of single cells. The microfluidic system consists of a major constriction channel and a side constriction channel perpendicularly crossing each other. Cells are forced to rapidly travel through the major channel and are partially aspirated into the side channel when passing the channel junction. Numerical simulations were conducted to model the time dependence of the aspiration length into the side channel, which enables the measurement of cytoplasmic viscosity by fitting the model results to experimental data. As a demonstration for high‐throughput measurement, the cytoplasmic viscosities of HL‐60 cells that were native or treated by N‐Formylmethionine‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLP) were quantified with sample sizes as large as thousands of cells. Both the average and median cytoplasmic viscosities of native HL‐60 cells were found to be about 10% smaller than those of fMLP‐treated HL‐60 cells, consistent with previous observations that fMLP treatment can increase the rigidity of white blood cells. Furthermore, the microfluidic system was used to process granulocytes from three donors (sample size >1,000 cells for each donor). The results revealed that the cytoplasmic viscosity of granulocytes from one donor was significantly higher than the other two, which may result from the fact that this donor just recovered from an inflammation. In summary, the developed microfluidic system can collect cytoplasmic viscosities from thousands of cells and may function as an enabling tool in the field of single‐cell analysis. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
TOPVISOR: Two‐level controller‐based approach for service advertisement and discovery in vehicular cloud network
Authors: Jafari Kaleibar Farhoud , Abbaspour Maghsoud 
Published: October 2019

SummaryVehicular cloud is a kind of mobile cloud in which vehicles share their resources and provide services for each other. The first step in establishing a vehicular cloud network is the service advertisement and discovery. Due to the dynamic nature of vehicular cloud networks, services are not continuous and the service location may vary at any time depending on the vehicle location. Therefore, higher network traffic is generated to access the consistent and up‐to‐date information. In this paper, a two‐level hierarchical approach is proposed for service advertisement and discovery in vehicular cloud networks. To register the services' specification in this approach, the distributed directories in RSUs and central controllers are used. Moreover, a method is used to avoid extra update packets by localizing the updates. The simulation results show improvement in the packet delivery rate as well as a reduction in transmission bandwidth preventing the network congestion.
Registration, reporting, and replication in clinical trials: The case of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Murray Stuart B. , Compte Emilio J. , Quintana Daniel S. , Mitchison Deborah , Griffiths Scott , Nagata Jason M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTreatment outcomes for anorexia nervosa (AN) remain modest, and recent research suggests that clinical trials may be of limited methodological quality. With increasing evidence illustrating the irreproducibility of psychological research, no research to date has systematically examined the cumulative effect of bias in research relating to the treatment of AN.MethodWe identified all AN trials listed on ClinicalTrials.gov between 2000 and 2018 and examined rates of (a) the noncompletion of clinical trials, the (b) nonpublication of trials once listed as completed, (c) the nonprospective registration of clinical trials, and (d) the nonreplication of findings.ResultsWe note that of 201 trials listed on ClinicalTrials.gov, only 101 have been completed, and of those, only 41 have been published. Moreover, of these 41 published trials, only eight demonstrated evidence of prospective trial registration, and only seven have had their primary findings replicated in other studies.DiscussionThese results illustrate the profound cumulative effect of methodological bias in registered trials for AN, which may have a significant impact both on what appears in the current evidence base, and on the reproducibility of studies comprising this evidence base.
Estimating the economic benefits and costs of highly‐protected marine protected areas
Authors: Davis Katrina J. , Vianna Gabriel M. S. , Meeuwig Jessica J. , Meekan Mark G. , Pannell David J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMarine protected areas (MPAs) are an increasingly popular, but debated, management strategy to conserve marine biodiversity and ensure sustainable human use of the oceans. Economic studies can contribute to the debate about MPAs as a management option by evaluating their benefits and costs to society. In this paper, we outline how to evaluate the economic benefits and costs of MPAs and provide examples from the literature to demonstrate the methods described. We review challenges and opportunities of different economic methods. One key challenge is to meaningfully compare market and non‐market benefits of MPAs—this comparison is complicated by the scarcity of studies that quantify the non‐market benefits of MPAs. Another key challenge is to quantify how the value of marine areas may change with and without MPAs. Costs are often easier to estimate than benefits, but some costs—such as maintenance and compliance costs—are rarely recognized. Analytical choices will influence the identified economic costs and benefits of MPAs. For example, the spatial extent of analyses will influence what changes in underlying ecological processes are captured and conclusions about the equitable distribution of costs and benefits across society. For these reasons, it is important that managers are aware of the challenges and opportunities described here, so that they can obtain and use the best‐quality economic information to guide decision making about MPAs.
Using citizen science to examine the nesting ecology of ground‐nesting bees
Authors: Maher Stephanie , Manco Fabrizio , Ings Thomas C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSuitable nest sites are a crucial habitat requirement of ground‐nesting bees, but empirical studies of fossorial solitary bee nesting ecology in the UK are few in number. This study used a citizen science approach to overcome the logistical and temporal barriers associated with this type of research and to gather data on the abiotic environment associated with the nesting aggregations of four fossorial solitary bee species in the UK. Three hundred and ninety‐four records were submitted by the public between March and November 2017. Sixty percent (236) of these records were verified as indicative of active nesting aggregations of the target species. Overall, the species in this study demonstrated the capacity to nest within a broad range of environmental variables. Although Colletes hederae (Schmidt and Westrich 1993) was often reported from sloped, unshaded sites, and Andrena fulva (Müller in Allioni 1766) was regularly associated with flat, shaded locations. This study demonstrated the efficacy of a citizen science approach in surmounting the intrinsic difficulties associated with studying solitary bee nest sites, which are both ephemeral and cryptic structures in the landscape.
A semi‐oblivious approach for robust segment routing in software‐defined wide area networks
Authors: Roomi Hamid , Khorsandi Siavash 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we have proposed a robust optimization for offline segment routing in software‐defined wide area networks combining traffic‐aware and traffic‐oblivious methods. Most prior works on segment routing assume accurate estimation of the traffic matrix, which is difficult to obtain due to the measurement costs and wide variations in traffic matrix over time. To deal with traffic uncertainties, an oblivious segment routing technique was previously developed. However, since all possible traffic fluctuations are considered, this leads to a considerable loss of routing performance in normal conditions. Since the traffic usually fluctuates around a normal pattern within a certain lower/upper bound, in this paper, we propose a semi‐oblivious segment routing method that optimizes routing for a predicted probable traffic matrix, while ensuring its robustness by guarantying the worst‐case performance under the fluctuations. Prior works also considered 2‐segment routing that is demonstrated to lead to routing deficiencies in some cases. We have extended the formulation to include 3‐Segment Routing (3‐SR) and using the strong duality theorem, the proposed semi‐oblivious 3‐SR method is formulated as a linear programming problem with an objective to maximize network throughput. We envision to apply this scheme in software‐defined networks where the controller is responsible to compute robust segment routing paths and to configure the edge routers accordingly. Simulation results show that the proposed method, while being robust to traffic fluctuations, significantly outperforms the traffic oblivious methods in normal network conditions and also achieves comparable performance to the models with known traffic matrix.
Application of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and nitrogen regulates aroma biochemistry in fragrant rice
Authors: Xie Wenjun , Ashraf Umair , Zhong Dating , Lin Rongbin , Xian Peiqi , Zhao Tong , Feng Huoyi , Wang Shuli , Duan Meiyang , Tang Xiangru , Mo Zhaowen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline (2AP) is a key aroma compound in fragrant rice. The present study assessed the γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and nitrogen (N) application induced regulations in the biochemical basis of rice aroma formation. Four N levels, that is, 0, 0.87, 1.75, and 2.61 g/pot, and two GABA treatments, that is, 0 mg/L (GABA0) and 250 mg/L (GABA250), were applied to three fragrant rice cultivars, that is, Yuxiangyouzhan, Yungengyou 14, and Basmati‐385. Results showed that GABA250 increased 2AP, Na, Mn, Zn, and Fe contents by 8.44%, 10.95%, 25.70%, 11.14%, and 43.30%, respectively, under N treatments across cultivars. The GABA250 further enhanced the activities of proline dehydrogenase (PDH), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) (both at 15 days after heading (d AH), and diamine oxidase (DAO) (at maturity) by 20.36%, 11.24%, and 17.71%, respectively. Significant interaction between GABA and N for Mn, Zn, and Fe contents in grains, proline content in leaves, GABA content in leaves at 15 d AH and maturity stage (MS), Δ1‐pyrroline‐5‐carboxylic acid (P5C) contents in leaves at 15 d AH, and Δ1‐pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate synthase (P5CS), PDH, and OAT activities in leaves at MS was noted. Moreover, the 2AP contents in grains at MS showed a significant and positive correlation with the proline contents in the leaves at 15d AH. In conclusion, GABA250 enhanced the 2AP, Na, Mn, Zn, and Fe contents, as well as the enzyme activities involved in 2AP biosynthesis. Exogenous GABA and N application improved the 2AP contents and nutrient uptake in fragrant rice.
Quantitative modeling for prediction of thermodynamic properties of some pyridine derivatives using molecular descriptors and genetic algorithm‐multiple linear regressions
Authors: Hajibabaei Maryam , Shafiei Fatemeh , Abdoli‐Senejani Masumeh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPyridines are compounds with a wide range of biological activities and they are the basis of several groups of drugs. In this study, the relationship between molecular descriptors and the thermal energy (EthkJ/mol), heat capacity (CvJ/molK), entropy (S J/mol K), enthalpy of formation (ΔHfkJ/mol), and Gibbs free energy (ΔGkJ/mol) of pyridine derivatives is studied. These properties were calculated at the Hartree–Fock level of theory and 6‐311G* G basis sets by Gaussian 09 software. The chemical structures of 171 pyridine derivatives were drawn by the Gauss View 05 program. The genetic algorithm‐multiple linear regression (GA‐MLR) and backward methods—were used to select the suitable descriptors and also for predicting the thermodynamic properties of pyridine derivatives. The correlations between the molecular descriptors in the best models were discussed by the Pearson coefficient correlation and collinearity statistics. The predictive powers of the GA‐MLR models are studied using leave‐one‐out (LOO) cross‐validation and external test set. The best quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) models are obtained based on the statistical parameters, such asR2,Q2LOO, and RMSE values for the data sets. The predictive ability of the GA‐MLR models with two‐three selected molecular descriptors was found to be satisfactory and could be used for modeling and predicting of the mentioned properties of nontested pyridine derivatives.
Lin28a protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy through Mst1 inhibition
Authors: You Penghua , Cheng Zheng , He Xiaomin , Deng Jizhao , Diao Jiayu , Chen Haichao , Cheng Gong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLin28a has been found to enhance glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity. Lin28a alleviates cardiac dysfunction under various pathological conditions. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of Lin28a on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) are not well‐understood. The aim of this study was to determine whether Lin28a protects against DCM and the potential mechanisms. Two to three days old mouse neonatal primary cardiomyocytes were randomized for treatment with adenoviruses harboring Lin28a and mammalian sterile 20‐like kinase 1 (Mst1) short hairpin RNA, 48 hr before culturing in normal or high glucose medium. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis, autophagy, mitochondrial morphology, adenosine triphosphate content, and cytokine levels in the high glucose or normal conditions were observed between all groups. Either Lin28a overexpression or Mst1 knockdown alleviated mitochondrial ultrastructure impairment, decreased cytokine levels, inhibited apoptosis, and enhanced autophagy in primary neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes treated with high glucose. Importantly, the protective effects of Lin28a and Mst1 disappeared after treatment with 3‐methyladenine, an autophagy inhibitor. Interestingly, in Mst1 knockdown cardiomyocytes, Lin28a overexpression failed to further enhance autophagy and alleviate high glucose‐induced cardiomyocyte injury, which implies the protective roles of Lin28a counteracting high glucose‐induced cardiomyocyte injury are dependent on Mst1 inhibition. Furthermore, co‐immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence double staining suggested that there were no direct interactions between Mst1 and Lin28a. Lin28a increased the expression of Akt, which inhibited the activation of Mst1‐mediated apoptotic pathways.
Resveratrol targeting the Wnt signaling pathway: A focus on therapeutic activities
Authors: Ashrafizadeh Milad , Ahmadi Zahra , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Samarghandian Saeed 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWingless‐type MMTV integration site (Wnt) signaling pathway is considered as an important pathway regulating a variety of biological processes such as tissue formation and homeostasis, cell proliferation, cell migration, cell differentiation, and embryogenesis. Impairment in the Wnt signaling pathway is associated with pathological conditions, particularly cancer. So, modulation of this pathway can be considered as a promising strategy and several drugs have been developed in line with this strategy. Resveratrol (Res) is a naturally occurring nutraceutical compound exclusively found in different fruits and nuts such as grape, peanut, and pistachio. This compound has favorable biological and therapeutic activities such as antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and antidiabetic. At the present review, we demonstrate how Res modulates Wnt signaling pathway to exert its pharmacological effects.
SMARCD1 is a transcriptional target of specific non‐hotspot mutant p53 forms
Authors: Adduri Raju S. R. , George Sara A. , Kavadipula Padmavathi , Bashyam Murali D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThough primarily a tumor suppressor, TP53 harboring specific missense mutations located in the region encoding the DNA binding domain exhibits a gain of function by transcriptional activation of oncogenes. We performed microarray‐based messenger RNA profiling of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT) and identified significant elevation of SMARCD1 in samples exhibiting p53 nuclear stabilization. Activation of SMARCD1 by mutant p53 was confirmed by evaluation of additional tongue cancer samples as well as The Cancer Genome Atlas expression datasets. SMARCD1 knockdown in HNSCC cells resulted in a significant reduction in several tumorigenic characteristics including cell viability, ability to form colonies in liquid and solid media and cell migration. We identified significantly increased SMARCD1 transcript levels in tumor versus matched normal samples in SCCOT as well as in other cancer types. Increased SMARCD1 expression predicted poor survival in HNSCC tumors harboring missense p53 mutations. Our results suggest SMARCD1 to be a novel transcriptional target of mutant p53.