bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemically Tailored Multifunctional Asymmetric Isoporous Triblock Terpolymer Membranes for Selective Transport
Authors: Zhang Zhenzhen , Rahman Md. Mushfequr , Abetz Clarissa , Höhme Anke‐Lisa , Sperling Evgeni , Abetz Volker 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMembrane‐based separation of organic molecules with 1–2 nm lateral dimensions is a demanding but rather underdeveloped technology. The major challenge is to fabricate membranes having distinct nanochannels with desired functionality. Here, a bottom‐up strategy to produce such a membrane using a tailor‐made triblock terpolymer featuring miscible end blocks with two different functional groups is demonstrated. A scalable multifunctional integral asymmetric isoporous membrane is fabricated by the solvent evaporation‐induced self‐assembly of the block copolymer combined with nonsolvent‐induced phase separation. The membrane nanopores are readily functionalized using positively and negatively charged moieties by two straightforward gas–solid reactions. The pores of the post‐functionalized membranes act as target‐specific functional soft nanochannels due to swelling of the polyelectrolyte blocks in a hydrated state. The membranes show unprecedented separation selectivity of small molecules based on size and/or charge which demonstrates the potential of the proposed strategy to prepare next‐generation nanofiltration membranes.
Exfoliated Mesoporous 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks for High‐Rate Electrochemical Double‐Layer Capacitors
Authors: Yusran Yusran , Li Hui , Guan Xinyu , Li Daohao , Tang Lingxue , Xue Ming , Zhuang Zhongbin , Yan Yushan , Valtchev Valentin , Qiu Shilun , Fang Qianrong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs) are highly demanded electrical energy storage devices due to their high power density with thousands of cycle life compared with pseudocapacitors and batteries. Herein, a series of capacitor cells composed of exfoliated mesoporous 2D covalent organic frameworks (e‐COFs) that are able to perform excellent double‐layer charge storage is reported. The selected mesoporous 2D COFs possess eclipsed AA layer‐stacking mode with 3.4 nm square‐like open channels, favorable BET surface areas (up to 1170 m2 g−1), and high thermal and chemical stabilities. The COFs via the facile, scalable, and mild chemical exfoliation method are further exfoliated to produce thin‐layer structure with average thickness of about 22 nm. The e‐COF‐based capacitor cells achieve high areal capacitance (5.46 mF cm−2 at 1,000 mV s−1), high gravimetric power (55 kW kg−1), and relatively low τ0 value (121 ms). More importantly, they perform nearly an ideal DL charge storage at high charge–discharge rate (up to 30 000 mV s−1) and maintain almost 100% capacitance stability even after 10 000 cycles. This study thus provides insights into the potential utilization of COF materials for EDLCs.
Zinc‐Mediated Template Synthesis of Fe‐N‐C Electrocatalysts with Densely Accessible Fe‐Nx Active Sites for Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Chen Guangbo , Liu Pan , Liao Zhongquan , Sun Fanfei , He Yanghua , Zhong Haixia , Zhang Tao , Zschech Ehrenfried , Chen Mingwei , Wu Gang , Zhang Jian , Feng Xinliang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOwing to their earth abundance, high atom utilization, and excellent activity, single iron atoms dispersed on nitrogen‐doped carbons (Fe‐N‐C) have emerged as appealing alternatives to noble‐metal platinum (Pt) for catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the ORR activity of current Fe‐N‐C is seriously limited by the low density and inferior exposure of active Fe‐Nx species. Here, a novel zinc‐mediated template synthesis strategy is demonstrated for constructing densely exposed Fe‐Nx moieties on hierarchically porous carbon (SA‐Fe‐NHPC). During the thermal treatment of 2,6‐diaminopyridine/ZnFe/SiO2 complex, the zinc prevents the formation of iron carbide nanoparticles and the SiO2 template promotes the generation of hierarchically pores for substantially improving the accessibility of Fe‐Nx moieties after subsequent leaching. As a result, the SA‐Fe‐NHPC electrocatalysts exhibit an unprecedentedly high ORR activity with a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.93 V in a 0.1 m KOH aqueous solution, which outperforms those for Pt/C catalyst and state‐of‐the‐art noble metal‐free electrocatalysts. As the air electrode in zinc–air batteries, the SA‐Fe‐NHPC demonstrates a large peak power density of 266.4 mW cm−2 and superior long‐term stability. Therefore, the developed zinc‐mediated template synthesis strategy for boosting the density and accessibility of Fe‐Nx species paves a new avenue toward high‐performance ORR electrocatalysts.
Ultrahigh Ionic Exclusion through Carbon Nanomembranes
Authors: Yang Yang , Hillmann Roland , Qi Yubo , Korzetz Riko , Biere Niklas , Emmrich Daniel , Westphal Michael , Büker Björn , Hütten Andreas , Beyer André , Anselmetti Dario , Gölzhäuser Armin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe collective “single‐file” motion of water molecules through natural and artificial nanoconduits inspires the development of high‐performance membranes for water separation. However, a material that contains a large number of pores combining rapid water flow with superior ion rejection is still highly desirable. Here, a 1.2 nm thick carbon nanomembrane (CNM) made from cross‐linking of terphenylthiol (TPT) self‐assembled monolayers is reported to possess these properties. Utilizing their extremely high pore density of 1 sub‐nm channel nm−2, TPT CNMs let water molecules rapidly pass, while the translocation of ions, including protons, is efficiently hindered. Their membrane resistance reaches ≈104 Ω cm2 in 1 m Cl− solutions, comparable to lipid bilayers of a cell membrane. Consequently, a single CNM channel yields an ≈108 higher resistance than pores in lipid membrane channels and carbon nanotubes. The ultrahigh ionic exclusion by CNMs is likely dominated by a steric hindrance mechanism, coupled with electrostatic repulsion and entrance effects. The operation of TPT CNM membrane composites in forward osmosis is also demonstrated. These observations highlight the potential of utilizing CNMs for water purification and opens up a simple avenue to creating 2D membranes through molecular self‐assembly for highly selective and fast separations.
Precision Medicine in Oncology: In Vitro Drug Sensitivity and Resistance Test (DSRT) for Selection of Personalized Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Popova Anna A. , Levkin Pavel A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrecision or personalized medicine aims to determine an optimal therapy for each individual patient. In oncology techniques such as next generation sequencing, mRNA‐sequencing, ChIP‐sequencing, and mass spectrometry are used to perform a full molecular profiling for each patient. However, it is not always possible to determine a suitable treatment for an individual cancer based on molecular profiling, mostly due to the high level of tumor heterogeneity. In vitro drug sensitivity and resistance test (DSRT) can be performed on cancer cells or tissues obtained from a patient with a panel of anticancer compounds in order to experimentally define sensitivity and resistance of each individual cancer. In combination with molecular profiling, DSRT can provide a fuller picture about the nature of disease, allowing for finding more appropriate therapy for each individual patient. In this progress report, studies describing in vitro DSRTs on 2D and 3D cell models based on patient‐derived cells are reviewed and challenges and future steps needed for the adaptation of these systems in clinics are discussed.
Improvement of Cell Penetrating Peptide for Efficient siRNA Targeting of Tumor Xenografts in Zebrafish Embryos
Authors: Laroui Nabila , Cubedo Nicolas , Rossel Mireille , Bettache Nadir 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) are one of the most efficient vectors for achieving cellular uptake of different cargos. However, their application in cancer therapy is greatly limited due to the lack of tissue selectivity, as they are widely distributed in most tissues following in vivo administration. To introduce specificity and improve tumor targeting, a combination of a cell‐penetrating peptide (CADY) and a targeting ligand, the laminin receptor binding peptide (YIGSR) to target the 37/67 kDa laminin receptor, known to be upregulated in most cancer cells and to be correlated with the invasiveness and metastatic potential, is formulated. The targeting CPP named “Y‐CADY” does not induce any change in the physico‐chemical properties (secondary structure, small interference RNA (siRNA) complexation, size, and charge) of CADY. Interestingly, Y‐CADY is more efficient than CADY for gene silencing in cell lines, and more potent for targeting and for inducing apoptosis of tumor xenografts in zebrafish embryos. The present study demonstrates that the novel targeting CPP “Y‐CADY” is efficient for gene silencing and can serve as a vector to target cancer cells in vivo.
Regulating the Catalytic Dynamics Through a Crystal Structure Modulation of Bimetallic Catalyst
Authors: Park Mihui , Liang Chaoping , Lee Tae Hyung , Agyeman Daniel Adjei , Yang Junghoon , Lau Vincent Wing‐hei , Choi Sang‐Il , Jang Ho Won , Cho Kyeongjae , Kang Yong‐Mook 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe surface of solid catalysts is one of the most important factors where the interface with reaction products governs the reaction kinetics. Herein, the crystal phase of palladium–copper nanoparticles (PdCu NPs) is controlled to modulate their surface atomic arrangement, which will govern the growth dynamics of discharge products on their surfaces and thus the catalytic performances in non‐aqueous lithium–oxygen (Li‐O2) batteries. First‐principles calculations and experimental validations reveal that homogeneous nucleation and distribution of discharge products are observed on the surface of body‐centered cubic PdCu NPs, promoting the oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER) activities in Li‐O2 batteries. However, the agglomerates formed on the surface of its face‐centered cubic homologue deteriorates ORR/OER activities, which worsen the battery performances. For the first time, this work theoretically and experimentally demonstrates how the crystal phase modulation regulates the nucleation behaviors and growth dynamics of discharge products for ORR/OER.
Cropping pattern changes diminish agroecosystem services in North and South Dakota, USA
Authors: O'Brien Peter L. , Hatfield Jerry L. , Dold Christian , Kistner‐Thomas Erica J. , Wacha Kenneth M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the past several decades, North and South Dakota have experienced increased agricultural expansion and crop rotation simplification, namely an increase in corn (Zea mays L.)– soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] systems. This review investigates the nature and extent of those changes, the underlying causes, and the consequences they have on ecosystem services. The framework of ecosystem services is underutilized in agricultural research, but it can be used to describe the sustainability, resistance, and resilience of the system in relation to these land use changes. The current trends are focused on maximizing provisioning services (i.e., food and fuel) at the expense of regulating, cultural, and supporting services. The decline of regulating services can be seen in increased peak river flow (up to 100% and 200% increases in South and North Dakota, respectively), as well as by the 100% increase in area treated by chemicals, partially due to diminished bioregulation of pests and weeds. The effects on supporting services are demonstrated by altered C balances and water cycling, while the loss of cultural connection to the land is evidenced by a 40% decrease in land conservation since 1997. Overall, these changes are making the land in North and South Dakota more susceptible to stressors, such as drought, crop pests, or even economic trends that could greatly harm these agroecosystems and have nationwide ramifications. To address these changes, producers need to provide a balance of agroecosystem services by optimizing currently available management strategies and possibly transforming agricultural practices for long‐term system stability.
Weight perception among US adults predicts cardiovascular risk when controlling for body fat percentage
Authors: Cullin Jennifer M. , White Kurt E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesPrevious research has revealed that increased obesity prevalence in the US has occurred in concert with an increase in those in overweight and obese BMI categories perceiving their weight as “about right” since the 1980s. Using biological normalcy as a framework, we assess whether individual weight perception is related to the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) when controlling for body fat percentage (BF%).MethodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999‐2006) included weight perception, BF%, covariates, and variables to calculate Framingham Risk Score (CVD risk) among 9489 US Americans aged 20‐79 years.ResultsLogistic regression revealed that those perceiving themselves to be “overweight” had a significantly higher cardiovascular risk score compared to those considering their weight to be “about right” (OR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.12‐2.11, P = .008) after controlling for BF%, age, gender, ethnicity, poverty‐index‐ratio, education, family history of myocardial infarction, smoking status, and physical activity.ConclusionsPerceiving one's own weight as “overweight” was significantly associated with increased 10‐year risk of a cardiovascular event when compared to those perceiving their weight to be “about right,” regardless of body composition. This suggests that recent changes in normative beliefs in response to increased obesity prevalence over the past several decades could play a role in the distribution of CVD risk in the US, whereby perceiving oneself as “about right” rather than “overweight” may result from decreases in internalization of fat stigma.
Biocultural diversity in Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene Africa: Olduvai Hominid 1 (Tanzania) biological affinity and intentional body modification
Authors: Willman John C. , Hernando Raquel , Matu Marie , Crevecoeur Isabelle 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe dentition of Olduvai Hominid 1 (OH1) exhibits an anomalous pattern of dental wear that was originally attributed to either intentional cultural modification (filing) or plant processing behaviors. A differential diagnosis of the wear and assessment of the biological affinity of OH1 is presented.Materials and MethodsMacroscopic and microscopic observations of all labial and buccal tooth surfaces were undertaken to assess wear patterns. A multivariate analysis of mandibular morphology of OH1 compared to other Late Pleistocene, Holocene, and recent modern humans was used to ascertain biological affinity.ResultsThe morphological variation of the OH1 mandible is closely aligned with variation in penecontemporaneous fossils from Africa and outside that of recent humans. The concave wear facets exposing dentin on the labial surfaces of all three preserved mandibular incisors is confirmed. Substantial loss of labial/buccal surfaces was documented on the surfaces of all in situ maxillary and mandibular canines, premolars, and molars ranging from distinct facets with well‐defined edges, to blunting or “polishing” around areas of maximum buccal curvature. The wear on both the anterior and postcanine teeth closely resemble that caused by adornments (“labrets”) worn in lower‐lip and buccal facial piercings known from bioarchaeological and ethnographic contexts. The wear pattern suggests that the OH1 wore three facial piercings—two buccal/lateral and a medial one in the lower lip.DiscussionOur findings suggest that the expression of social identities through intentional body modification is more diverse than previously documented elsewhere in Africa during the Late Pleistocene (i.e., ablation) and Early Holocene (i.e., ablation, chipping, and filing).
Cognitive and physical markers of prodromal dementia: A 12‐year‐long population study
Authors: Grande Giulia , Rizzuto Debora , Vetrano Davide L. , Marseglia Anna , Vanacore Nicola , Laukka Erika J. , Welmer Anna‐Karin , Fratiglioni Laura 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe aim is to test whether adding a simple physical test such as walking speed (WS) to the neuropsychological assessment increases the predictive ability to detect dementia.MethodsThe 2546 dementia‐free people from the SNAC‐K study were grouped into four profiles: (1) healthy profile; (2) isolated cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND, scoring 1.5 standard deviation below age‐specific means on ≥1 cognitive domains); (3) isolated slow WS (<0.8 m/s); (4) CIND+ slow WS. The hazard of dementia (Cox regression), the positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV), and the area under the curve (AUC) were estimated.ResultsParticipants with CIND +slow WS demonstrated the highest hazard of dementia (3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.5–4.8). The AUC increased from 0.69 for isolated CIND to 0.83 for CIND+ slow WS. Such an increase was due to the improvement of the PPV, the NPV remaining optimal.DiscussionAdding WS to the cognitive assessment dramatically increases the diagnostic accuracy of prodromal dementia.
Tracking disease progression in familial and sporadic frontotemporal lobar degeneration: Recent findings from ARTFL and LEFFTDS
Authors: Rosen Howard J. , Boeve Bradley F. , Boxer Adam L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionFamilial frontotemporal lobar degeneration (f‐FTLD) due to autosomal dominant mutations is an important entity for developing treatments for FTLD. The Advancing Research and Treatment for Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (ARTFL) and Longitudinal Evaluation of Familial Frontotemporal Dementia Subjects (LEFFTDS) longitudinal studies were designed to describe the natural history of f‐FTLD.MethodsWe summarized recent publications from the ARTFL and LEFFTDS studies, along with other recent publications describing the natural history of f‐FTLD.ResultsPublished and emerging studies are producing data on all phases of f‐FTLD, including the asymptomatic and symptomatic phases of disease, as well as the transitional phase when symptoms are just beginning to develop. These data indicate that rates of change increase along with disease severity, which is consistent with commonly cited models of neurodegeneration, and that measurement of biomarkers may predict onset of symptoms.DiscussionData from large multisite studies are producing important data on the natural history of f‐FTLD that will be critical for planning intervention trials.
Developing retinal biomarkers for the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease: What we know, what we don't, and how to move forward
Authors: Alber Jessica , Goldfarb Danielle , Thompson Louisa I. , Arthur Edmund , Hernandez Kimberly , Cheng Derrick , DeBuc Delia Cabrera , Cordeiro Francesca , Provetti‐Cunha Leonardo , den Haan Jurre , Van Stavern Gregory P. , Salloway Stephen P. , Sinoff Stuart , Snyder Peter J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe last decade has seen a substantial increase in research focused on the identification, development, and validation of diagnostic and prognostic retinal biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Sensitive retinal biomarkers may be advantageous because they are cost and time efficient, non‐invasive, and present a minimal degree of patient risk and a high degree of accessibility. Much of the work in this area thus far has focused on distinguishing between symptomatic AD and/or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitively normal older adults. Minimal work has been done on the detection of preclinical AD, the earliest stage of AD pathogenesis characterized by the accumulation of cerebral amyloid absent clinical symptoms of MCI or dementia. The following review examines retinal structural changes, proteinopathies, and vascular alterations that have been proposed as potential AD biomarkers, with a focus on studies examining the earliest stages of disease pathogenesis. In addition, we present recommendations for future research to move beyond the discovery phase and toward validation of AD risk biomarkers that could potentially be used as a first step in a multistep screening process for AD risk detection.
Mild behavioral impairment is associated with β‐amyloid but not tau or neurodegeneration in cognitively intact elderly individuals
Authors: Lussier Firoza Z. , Pascoal Tharick A. , Chamoun Mira , Therriault Joseph , Tissot Cécile , Savard Mélissa , Kang Min Su , Mathotaarachchi Sulantha , Benedet Andrea L. , Parsons Marlee , Qureshi Muhammad Naveed Iqbal , Thomas Émilie M. , Shin Monica , Dion Laurie‐Anne , Massarweh Gassan , Soucy Jean‐Paul , Tsai I‐Huang , Vitali Paolo , Ismail Zahinoor , Rosa‐Neto Pedro , Gauthier Serge 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionMild behavioral impairment (MBI) is characterized by the emergence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in elderly persons. Here, we examine the associations between MBI and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in asymptomatic elderly individuals.MethodsNinety‐six cognitively normal elderly individuals underwent MRI, [18F]AZD4694 β‐amyloid‐PET, and [18F]MK6240 tau‐PET. MBI was assessed using the MBI Checklist (MBI‐C). Pearson's correlations and voxel‐based regressions were used to evaluate the relationship between MBI‐C score and [18F]AZD4694 retention, [18F]MK6240 retention, and gray matter (GM) volume.ResultsPearson correlations revealed a positive relationship between MBI‐C score and global and striatal [18F]AZD4694 standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs). Voxel‐based regression analyses revealed a positive correlation between MBI‐C score and [18F]AZD4694 retention. No significant correlations were found between MBI‐C score and [18F]MK6240 retention or GM volume.ConclusionWe demonstrate for the first time a link between MBI and early AD pathology in a cognitively intact elderly population, supporting the use of the MBI‐C as a metric to enhance clinical trial enrolment.
Interaction between APOE4 and herpes simplex virus type 1 in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Linard Morgane , Letenneur Luc , Garrigue Isabelle , Doize Angélique , Dartigues Jean‐François , Helmer Catherine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionNumerous results suggest the implication of infectious agents in the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsIn the Bordeaux‐3C prospective cohort, we assessed the impact of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) infection on the incidence of AD according to apolipoprotein E (APOE) status, a genetic susceptibility factor. Cox models were performed to estimate the 10‐year risk of AD associated with anti‐HSV antibodies in 1037 participants according to APOE4 status.ResultsAmong APOE4 carriers, subjects for whom the frequency of HSV‐1 reactivation is supposed to be high, that is, immunoglobulin M (IgM) positive or elevated levels of IgG, had an increased risk of AD with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 3.68 (1.08–12.55) and 3.28 (1.19–9.03), respectively. No significant association was found in APOE4‐negative subjects.DiscussionThese results, in accordance with a solid pathophysiological rationale, suggest a role for HSV‐1 in AD development among subjects with a genetic susceptibility factor, the APOE4 allele.