bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Education for Patellofemoral Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: de Oliveira Silva Danilo , Pazzinatto Marcella Ferraz , Rathleff Michael Skovdal , Holden Sinéad , Bell Emily , Azevedo Fábio , Barton Christian 
Published: April 2020

Objective To evaluate the effect of education interventions compared with any type of comparator on managing patellofemoral pain (PFP). Design Intervention systematic review. PROSPERO identifier: CRD42018088671. Literature Search MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched for studies evaluating the effect of education on clinical and functional outcomes in people with PFP. Study Selection Criteria Two reviewers independently assessed studies for inclusion and quality. We included randomized controlled trials on PFP where at least 1 group received an education intervention (in isolation or in combination with other interventions). Data Synthesis Available data were synthesized via meta-analysis where possible; data that were not appropriate for pooling were synthesized qualitatively. Interpretation was guided by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Results Nine trials were identified. Low-credibility evidence indicated that health education material alone was inferior to exercise therapy for pain and function outcomes. Low- and very low–credibility evidence indicated that health professional–delivered education alone produced outcomes similar to those of exercise therapy combined with health professional–delivered education for pain and function, respectively. Conclusion Health professional–delivered education may produce similar outcomes in pain and function compared to exercise therapy plus health professional–delivered education in people with PFP. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(7):388–396. Epub 29 Apr 2020. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9400
The effect of COVID-19 on global population and its fatality rate: Retrospective study by online database
Authors: Palem Siva Prasad , Palem Hari Prasad 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a current new virulent disease rising its transmission and fatality with each passing day in the worldwide population. COVID-19 is emerged as a respiratory infection and a suspicious origin of animals and transmission to human in Wuhan, China on December 2019. Later this, the virus was transmitted from person to person through droplets and contacts. The World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China have taken immediate action to reduce transmission and fatality associated with COVID-19 as minimum as possible. However, action has failed to stop transmission of COVID-19 from China to other countries. Since there was no chain break of the virus, the chances are more to increase the case number and fatality. Hence, the study has been designed to perceive the current effect of COVID-19 on the global population and its fatality. The study also focused on review related to treatment for COVID-19.

Material and Methods:
Online database of epidemic disease COVID-19 cases number was collected from www.channelnewsasia.com on 7th April 2020. This data was used to observe the past and present circumstances in the global population and its fatality. The effect of treatment on COVID-19 was reviewed from the few databases of clinical trials (antiviral and antibacterial drugs).

Results:
The online data are used to observe a significant increase ratio of COVID-19 cases and its fatality rate in worldwide as well as country wise. The COVID-19 cases are high in the United States (27.5%), whereas the fatality rate is high in Italy (12.47%). The prevalence of COVID-19 is expected to be reaching 4 million by the end of April 2020 and the fatality rate also might be reached high.

Conclusion:
We have come to the conclusion that the effect of COVID-19 on the global population is significantly increased and the fatality rate also elevated (2.48% to 5.52%). The hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin combination treatment has shown significant improvement in patients with COVID-19 compared to treat with other drugs.
Study of Scar Content in Cows When Using Carbohydrate-Vitamin-Mineral Concentrate «LS»
Authors: Hairullin Damir D. , Zinnatov Farit F. , Shakirov Shamil K. , Smolentsev Sergey Yu. , Papaev Radiy M. , Nurgaliev Farit M. , Kamaldinov Ilnur N. , Ovsyannikov Alexander P. 
Published: April 2020

Scientific studies of feeding dairy cattle prove that it is most rational to balance rations according to standardized nutrition indicators due to concentrates, which contain all the necessary nutrients in the main diet, consisting of bulky feed (succulent and rough). The advantage of using protein supplements in the feeding of farm animals is that there is no need for oncoming transport of grain fodder and animal feed, which significantly reduces the cost of livestock production. The digestive apparatus of ruminants, due to the presence of pre-stomachs, is adapted to the absorption and digestion of a large number of coarse plant foods. The main feature of the processes of digestion of ruminants is that the food eaten by animals is exposed to microorganisms in the rumen. Ammonium and other nitrogenous compounds are an accessible form of nitrogen for organisms from which a microbial protein is synthesized in a rumen. This protein and unsplit protein feed are sources of coverage of the amino acid needs of the animal. In this regard, the aim of this work was to study the metabolic processes in the rumen of ruminants. To study the effect of the carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral concentrate «LS», 2 groups of animals were formed with 8 animals each. The contents were investigated: pH, the total concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) - butyric, propionic and acetic; the total number of microorganisms and number of ciliates. The introduction of the carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral concentrate «LS» in the diets of dairy cows for 30 days contributed to an increase in the name of bacteria by 3.3±3.4% and protozoa by 6.7±4.1%. In the cicatricialcontent of the experimental groups, the number of volatile fatty acids increased by 12.4±2.4% and propionic and butyric acids by 3.4±3.1 and 5.7±2.7% in relation to the control group of cows
CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA RESOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS COMO METODOLOGIA DE ENSINO DE MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Monteiro Roberta Borges , Alves Laranjeira Suyanne Rodrigues , Neto Jucicleia Gomes Ribeiro , Andrade Leyde Dayane Martinho de 
Published: April 2020

Essa pesquisa visa analisar as possíveis contribuições da Resolução de Problemas como metodologia de ensino nas aulas de Matemática, teve como base a Teoria dos Campos Conceituais de Vergnaud. para isso utilizamos uma abordagem qualitativa, tendo como técnica a pesquisa bibliográfica em busca de referenciais que evidenciassem as possíveis contribuições desse tipo de metodologia de ensino. Concluímos que a contribuição da Resolução de Problemas como metodologia de ensino nas aulas de Matemática, apoiada na Teoria dos Campos Conceituais, pode ser uma estratégia de grande potencial para descrever, analisar e interpretar aquilo que se passa na sala de aula, na aprendizagem de Matemática. Promovendo, assim, a produção de conhecimentos, o desenvolvimento de habilidades e atitudes, bem como colaborando para que os alunos se tornem bem sucedidos em sua vida acadêmica e profissional.
Accuracy assessments of Göktürk-1 satellite imagery
Authors: ARASAN Gökhan , YILMAZ Altan , FIRAT Orhan , AVŞAR Ertuğrul , GÜNER Hasan , AYĞAN Kemal , YÜCE Damla 
Published: April 2020

Optical satellite imagery has an important place today in terms of responding to the increasing need for geospatial base in many different fields and disciplines, especially because of their availability and temporal resolution. Because all kinds of geospatial information and data production processes such as orthoimages, maps, vector data and etc. in especially for large project areas provide the opportunity to reduce the cost and time required in the field work, so the interest in high resolution satellite imagery. Göktürk-1, an electro-optical satellite that was launched on December 5, 2016 and acquiring 0.50 m spatial resolution imagery, aims to meet the high resolution image requirements of Turkey. In this study, the horizontal and vertical accuracy of the Digital Surface Model and orthoimages produced by different methods from stereo images obtained from Göktürk-1 satellite in two different regions were investigated. As a result, although the pointing accuracy and the Digital Surface Model accuracy produced from Göktürk-1 satellite imagery, will vary according to the incidence angle of Göktürk-1 satellite, the Digital Terrain Model used in the production of the orthoimage, the selected method for orientation of satellite imagery; a planimetric accuracy of better than ± 2 m RMSE in orthoimage and a height accuracy of better than ± 3 m RMSE is accomplished.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Matematika Berbasis Contextual Teaching and Learning Berbantuan Pop Up Book untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Siswa Kelas VII
Authors: Widya Peni Nur , Ariyanto Lilik , Murtianto Yanuar Hery 
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar matematika berbasis Contextual Teaching and Learning berbantuan Pop Up Booksehingga menghasilkan media pembelajaran yang layak, serta diharapkan dapat efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa kelas VII pada materi bilangan dan lebih baik daripada pembelajaran konvensional. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pengembangan model ADDIE. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa SMP Kesatrian 2 Semarang. Sampel penelitian adalah kelas VIII C sebagai kelas ujicoba soal instrumen, kelas VII A sebagai kelas kontrol, dan kelas VII C sebagai kelas eksperimen. Hasil dari validasi ahli media baik dan validasi ahli materi sangat baik. Angket tanggapan siswa menyatakan baik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis akhir dengan uji t pihak kanan diperoleh nilai thitung> ttabelmaka H0ditolak. Kesimpulannya bahan ajar ini layak dan rata – rata kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa yang menggunakan bahan ajar matematika berbasis Contextual Teaching and Learning berbantuanPop Up Bookefektif digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa kelas VII dan lebih baik daripada pembelajaran konvensional.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) dengan Strategi Think Talk Write (TTW) Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa SMP
Authors: Aziz Aminuddin Faizal , Kusumaningsih Widya , Rahmawati Noviana Dini 
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) dengan strategi Think Talk Write (TTW) terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa SMP. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Quasi Eksperimen. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Welahan Jepara. Sampel penelitian ini yaitu kelas VIII A sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII B sebagai kelas kontrol dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data dengan uji rerata dua varian dan dilanjutkan dengan uji regresi linier sederhana untuk mengetahui besar pengaruhnya. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan yaitu 1) ada perbedaan rata-rata kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa antara siswa yang mendapat perlakuan model pembelajaran Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) dengan strategi Think Talk Write (TTW) dan siswa yang mendapat perlakuan model pembelajaran konvensional. 2) terdapat pengaruh positif keaktifan siswa terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa pada model pembelajaran Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) dengan strategi Think Talk Write (TTW). 3) model Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) dengan strategi Think Talk Write (TTW) lebih efektif dari pembelajaran konvensional terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa SMP.
Estimating the generation interval for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) based on symptom onset data, March 2020
Authors: Ganyani Tapiwa , Kremer Cécile , Chen Dongxuan , Torneri Andrea , Faes Christel , Wallinga Jacco , Hens Niel 
Published: April 2020

Background
Estimating key infectious disease parameters from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak is essential for modelling studies and guiding intervention strategies.

Aim
We estimate the generation interval, serial interval, proportion of pre-symptomatic transmission and effective reproduction number of COVID-19. We illustrate that reproduction numbers calculated based on serial interval estimates can be biased.

Methods
We used outbreak data from clusters in Singapore and Tianjin, China to estimate the generation interval from symptom onset data while acknowledging uncertainty about the incubation period distribution and the underlying transmission network. From those estimates, we obtained the serial interval, proportions of pre-symptomatic transmission and reproduction numbers.

Results
The mean generation interval was 5.20 days (95% credible interval (CrI): 3.78–6.78) for Singapore and 3.95 days (95% CrI: 3.01–4.91) for Tianjin. The proportion of pre-symptomatic transmission was 48% (95% CrI: 32–67) for Singapore and 62% (95% CrI: 50–76) for Tianjin. Reproduction number estimates based on the generation interval distribution were slightly higher than those based on the serial interval distribution. Sensitivity analyses showed that estimating these quantities from outbreak data requires detailed contact tracing information.

Conclusion
High estimates of the proportion of pre-symptomatic transmission imply that case finding and contact tracing need to be supplemented by physical distancing measures in order to control the COVID-19 outbreak. Notably, quarantine and other containment measures were already in place at the time of data collection, which may inflate the proportion of infections from pre-symptomatic individuals.
The value of the breeding index of new corn hybrids for grain when grown on bogara and during irrigation
Authors: Panfilova Olga  Nikolaevna , Chugunova Elena  Vasilievna , Avilova Yulia Anatolievna , Derunova Svetlana Nikolaevna , Buravlev Andrey Petrovich 
Published: April 2020

They are given the results of the study of new early-ripening and mid-early hybrids of corn for grain according to the main economic characteristics: grain yield and harvesting moisture of the grain on two backgrounds - dry land and irrigation in the Volgograd region. The main indicator of the hybrid value was the figure of the breeding index. As a result of studies, it was found out that the productivity of corn hybrids increases sharply under irrigation conditions, in comparison with the bogara it is higher by 75–85%, and in dry years by 100% or more. Harvesting grain moisture of hybrids during irrigation is always higher. Due to the high grain yield, the breeding and economic value of hybrids on irrigation in any test year is higher than on the bogara. According to the data in the early ripening group on the bogara, the breeding index was 2.4; under irrigation it was 3.4; in the mid-early group - 2.5 and 3.6, respectively. The best hybrids were selected for transmission to the Testing of New Varieties and further implementation in production: in the early ripening group: WG 3, WG 4, WG 5, in the mid-early one: RS 5, RS 6, RS 8.
Zoning of agroecological potential areas for agricultural land assessment of the Saratov region
Authors: Tarbaev Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Yanyuk Vyacheslav Mikhailovich , Dorogobed Alexey Alekseevich , Shadau Yulia Ivanovna , Kuznichenkova Tatyana Vladimirovna 
Published: April 2020

The standard yield model recommended for land assessment and certification of land according to the degree of suitability for agricultural use is based on the assessment of agro-ecological potential (AP) as characteristics of the territory 's water and thermal resources. The quality check of the model according to the data of the class testing areas for the period 2007-2018 showed an overestimation of the standard grain yield for the conditions of the Saratov region by 1.2-1.5 times. The error is due to the use of the most available agro climatic parameters in the model, which establish their connection with productivity at the interregional level, but do not meet the conditions of adequate differentiation of conditions of moisture supply of crops at the regional level.
Correction of the AP model, when using the parameters of water and thermal resources provision by the coefficients of annual moistening and the sum of biologically active temperatures, is achieved by reducing the AP level by 1.2 times and fixing the standard value of the climate continental index - 187. A new version of estimated zoning is proposed based on the corrected model of AP, at which the number of agro climatic subzones is reduced from 9 to 6. The adequacy of the assessment of land productivity is ensured by the use of AP parameters that are individual for municipal areas rather than medium-sized ones.
CORRELATIONS AMONG GRAIN YIELD, YIELD AND WEED ATTRIBUTES OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) AS INFLUENCED BY WEED CONTROL METHOD AND POULTRY MANURE RATE IN KANO STATE NIGERIA
Authors: Garko Dr. Muhammad Sani , Dawaki K. D. , Yawale M. A. , Mohammed I. B. , Yaroson A. Y. 
Published: April 2020

Field trials were conducted during the rainy season of 2017 at Teaching and Research Farm of Bayero University and Kano State Livestock development Centre Dangora. To determine the magnitude and nature of the association between growth characters and grain yield of maize, as well as the percentage contribution of each of this independent variable on the dependant variable (yield).The trails consist of six weed control methods, three levels of poultry manure and three varieties of maize. The experiment was laid out in a split-split plot design with variety allocated to the main plot, poultry manure to the sub-plot while weed control method to the sub-sub plot, and was replicated three times. Grain yield correlated positively and significantly with growth and yield characters evaluated while weed dry weight and weed index were highly negatively correlated. The direct and indirect contributions results indicate that plant height had the highest direct contribution at BUK and Dangora in 2016 and Doka 2017 while plant dry matter accumulation had the highest direct contribution at Dangora in 2017. Cob diameter had the least direct effect in the study; the highest indirect effect was from cob diameter through plant height. The percentage individual contribution to grain yield showed that plant height made the highest contribution at BUK and Dangora in 2016, while cob diameter at both locations and plant dry matter at Dangora resulted in the least contribution. The combined contribution of dry matter and 100-seed weight was the highest positive contribution at BUK and that of plant height via 100-seed weight all in 2016 while cob length via 100-seed weight made the least negative contribution at BUK.
ROLE OF NATIONAL RURAL LIVELIHOOD MISSION (NRLM) ON COST OF LIVING STANDARD OF THE SCHEDULED CASTE COMMUNITIES AT DHEMAJI AND LAKHIMPUR DISTRICT OF ASSAM
Authors: Das Dr. Diganta Kumar 
Published: April 2020

Motivation/Background: The financial aspects are considered as an integral part for development of rural areas in every nation. Small financial helps can defiantly improve the living standard of the poor. Here the role of microfinance is crucial. Through microfinance the poor and needy people can fulfil their day to day and small economic and financial requirements upto certain extend. In India it is seen that most of the people lives in the rural areas are below the poverty line and finance to these group is very much essential. Moreover, the vulnerable groups are more deprived of their basics needs particularly the SCs and the STs. Thus, an effort has been made by the researcher to study the pros and cons of NRLM and its impact on economic condition of poor SC people living in the rural areas at Dhemaji and Lakhimpur district of Assam through this paper.
Method: For that purpose, both the primary and secondary data have been used. For collecting the primary data, a total number of 140 (7 X 10 X 2=140) respondents from 70 SHGs had randomly selected comprising of 10 SHGs from the seven Development Blocks and from each sample SHGs 2 members were selected.
Results and Conclusions: Study revealed that inspite of facing the problems like marketing, transportation, flood and proper management and training of the group, the SHGs are functioning well in terms of improvement of food security and cost of living standard of the SC member’s household in the area under study.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF VIRTUAL UNIVERSITY BASED ON ICT
Authors: Batara Chris , Rapat Charnia Iradat 
Published: April 2020

Virtual University is a learning system by providing an online environment based on information and communication technology. This system can overcome the problems that arise due to covid-19 not to gather together to do the learning process, but must learn from their respective places.
This Virtual University system uses Moodle version 3.7 with PHP and MySql programming language platforms as a database server and Apache as a web server can be an innovative learning method that is an ideal solution and in accordance with existing conditions with the hope that it can improve the quality of education if used optimally and comprehensive. This system can perform the basic functions of an e-learning system in which the lecturer can upload lecture material and students can download the material online and can conduct online meetings that can replace face to face in the room.
The general objective of this research is to apply a web-based online learning system. The system applied is software that supports the ongoing teaching and learning process for online learning through the internet. The software is installed on the server and can be accessed by participants of online learning programs from browser applications on their PC / cell, and the formation of a university that is not limited by time and space.
The stages of this research are: determining user needs, creating a system model, design, system implementation, and testing.
A SHORT REVIEW ON CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID19)
Authors: Jadhav Dr.Dnyaneshwar 
Published: April 2020

A pandemic is an epidemic of diseases which spread across a large number and instance multiple continents in world. In December 2019, whole world suffering from such pandemic disease called as covid19.Coronavirus disease i.e COVID-19 is caused by novel coronavirus.it is also known as SARS-CoV-2. This coronavirus has resulted in the outbreak of a respiratory illness known as COVID-19.
Fever, dry cough, fatigue, respiratory sputum production (phlegm), shortness of breath, muscle and joint pain, sore throat, headache, are signs and symptoms of covid19. Incubation period of covid19 is 5-6 days, its range 1-14 days.
In this Research paper to just attempt to provided short information regarding Corona disease.