bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signatures of Cross-sectional Width Modulation in Solar Spicules due to Field-aligned Flows
Authors: Mackenzie Dover Fionnlagh , Sharma Rahul , Korsós Marianna B. , Erdélyi Robertus 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We report the first observational detection of frequency modulation in the cross-sectional width of spicule structures due to field-aligned plasma flows. Cross-sectional width variations were estimated for the least superimposed off-limb spicules observed in high-resolution Hα imaging spectroscopy data. Analysis of estimated cross-sectional widths suggest periodic oscillations, concurrent with 2D numerical modeling for a jet structure in a stratified solar atmosphere. Spectral analysis for both observed and simulated cross-sectional widths indicate frequency modulation as noticeable shifts in estimated periodicities during rise and fall phases of field-aligned plasma flows in the jet structure. Furthermore, the presence of the first overtone in a dynamic/spicular waveguide is also evident in both the observed and the simulated jet structures. These harmonics can be an important tool for future chromospheric magnetoseismology investigations and applications to dynamic waveguides (like spicules).
La prioridad de la injusticia: el giro copernicano en la teoría de la justicia
Authors: Blanco Brotons Francisco 
Published: December 2020

During the last decades of the twentieth century, various social and philosophical changes pushed to problematize some of the fundamental ideas of the theory of justice. Among them is the relationship that until then was postulated between the ideas of justice, an ideal construction that the philosopher was supposed to elucidate, and injustice, a secondary concept understood as the absence of justice. The idea of the “priority of injustice” now appears as a fundamental starting point for many philosophers of diverse traditions. In this article I will analyze the different meanings that this priority adopts in the main representatives of this “shift”, as well as their different ways of conceiving injustices, giving reasons to prefer some approaches to others. This “Copernican shift”, as I will attempt to show, entails transformations relevant to the idea of justice that no contemporary theory should ignore.Keywords: justice, injustice, ideal theory, democracy, justice as a process.
Um argumento contra a tese da subjetividade ontológica da consciência no naturalismo biológico de John Searle
Authors: Prata Tárik De Athayde 
Published: December 2020

John Searle claims that consciousness is ontologically subjective, since conscious mental phenomena only exist as long as they are experienced. Therefore, mental phenomena are essentially conscious, insofar as their mental character depends on their connection with consciousness. However, to align (a) the acceptance of unconscious mental phenomena with (b) his Cartesian view of consciousness (as the essence of the mind), Searle defends (c) adispositional account of the unconscious. The problem is that some cases of unconscious mental causation require that certain decisive mental properties (sensorial and intentional properties) exist in an occurrent way, and not merely as dispositions. By accepting unconscious mental causation, Searle (inadvertedly) commits himself to a mental existence that isindependent from consciousness. Such unconscious existence implies that certain mental phenomena are ontologically objective, and not subjective as he claims, because they exist without being experienced.Keywords: Ontological subjectivity, unconscious, disposition, mental causation, objectivity.
HRCT Features of Covid-19 Pneumonia In Male Patients of Adult Age Group – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Wagh Dr. Dhananjay , Wagh Dr. Suma , Krishnani Dr. Shikha 
Published: December 2020

COVID-19 is a new-age pandemic which has spread ferociously all over the world in a matter of a few months having worldwide humanitarian and economic repercussions. HRCT has become the mainstay of radiological investigations in this pandemic and often shoed diagnostic accuracy before the onset of clinical manifestations. Men are more predisposed for fatal outcomes in other SARS virus infections.1 In a study by Karlberg et al, males had a significantly (p < 0.0001) higher case fatality rate than females did, 21.9 percent versus 13.2 percent after adjustment for age. Studies found that the severity of the illness was more and clearance of SARS-CoV-2 virus was less in males as compared to females.2 Hence it is of utmost importance to study the pattern of lung involvement on HRCT to aid the clinician in starting the treatment at the earliest, even before the symptoms manifest. Thus this study was conducted to look for specific and also unusual patterns of radiological findings of COVID-19 pneumonia.
HÜSEYİN KAZIM KADRİ’NİN TÜRK LUGATİ’NDE ÇUVAŞÇA KELİMELER
Authors: DURMUŞ Oğuzhan 
Published: December 2020

Türkiye’de Türkoloji araştırmalarının nispeten daha geç başladığını biliyoruz. Özellikle Türkiye sahasının dışında yaşayan Türklerin dil, etnoğrafya, folklor ve tarihi hakkında bilgi üretme faaliyetleri bu gecikmenin daha ileri bir aşamasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu çerçevede Türkiye’de modern Türk halkları hakkında ilk bilgilerin daha çok etnografik malzemelere dayandığı, bu halkların dillerine ait tespitlerin ise daha da ikinci planda kaldığını söyleyebiliriz. Oldukça geniş bir coğrafi alanda yayılmış Türk lehçelerinin hepsinin aynı oranda ele alındığını söylemek mümkün değildir. Bu anlamda gerek dilsel ve tarihsel gelişimi gerek dinî durum bakımından ana kitleden oldukça farklı olan Çuvaş Türklerinin daha dezavantajlı bir durumda olduğunu görüyoruz.
Ülkemizde modern Türk lehçelerini sözlükbilimsel olarak ele alan çalışmaların içinde Hüseyin Kazım Kadri tarafından hazırlanan Türk Lugati’nin önemli bir yeri vardır. Türk sözlükçülüğünde Pek çok bakımdan büyük öneme sahip bu eser ülkemizde Çuvaşça dil malzemesini içeren ilk eser olması bakımından da öne çıkar. Eserin alt başlığında “Çuvaşça” ifadesi yer almakla birlikte giriş bölümünde “Çuvaş lehçesi” adlı bölümde bu lehçenin kimi dil özellikleri üzerinde durulmuş ve çeşitli kelimelerine örnekler verilmiştir. Bu hâliyle Çuvaşça-Türkiye Türkçesi ilk kelime listesinin bu eserde yer aldığını söylemek mümkündür. Bu makalede H. K. Kadri’nin sözlüğünün giriş bölümünde yer alan “Çuvaş Lehçesi” bölümü değerlendirilmektedir.
La ingeniería industrial y el mercado verde internacional
Authors: Jaramillo Camila , Patiño Ariana 
Published: December 2020

Este ensayo tiene como objetivo enfatizar las alternativas que se están tomando a nivel global para disminuir el impacto medio ambiental que tiene la actividad humana. Se desarrollarán puntos y conceptos claves en cuanto al mercado verde internacional, las empresas socialmente responsables (ESR) y la importancia de estos en la sociedad y economía actual. Dichos conceptos han ido adquiriendo mayor fuerza en la última década debido a los nuevos consumidores, más preocupados y empáticos con el medio ambiente y la comunidad, y a las empresas que buscan satisfacer las necesidades de estos consumidores siendo socialmente responsables sin dejar de ser rentables.
Palabras clave: sociedad, economía, medio ambiente.
Referencias
[1]W. Olaya González y L. A. Gómez Rodríguez, «¿Qué tan verde es tu mercado?,» Signo y Pensamiento, vol. XXX, nº 58, pp. 314-324, 2011.
[2]C. González Rodríguez, «Empresas socialmente responsables y mercado verde internacional,» Economía Informa, nº 366, pp. 59-78, 2011.
[3]R. Nikogosyan Sarkisova, «El auge del sector ecológico en europa: un estudio empírico del comportamiento del consumidor verde en Alemania y España,» Universidad de León, León, 2019.
[4]M. Aguado Caso, «Vivir bien en un planeta finito. Una mirada socio-ecológica al concepto de bienestar humano, » Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 2016.
[5]S. S. d. Valle, «La responsabilidad social empresarial: gestión estratégica para la supervivencia de las empresas, » Dimensión Empresarial, vol. 9, nº 2, pp. 6-15, 2011.
Urinary tract infection etiology and antimicrobial sensitivity in a Mexican hospital from 2010 to 2015
Authors: Villalobos Ayala José L. 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: urinary tract infections are common in both community-based and hospitalized patients. The complexity of their management is increasing, as a result of antimicrobial resistance.OBJECTIVE: to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of uropathogens present in urine cultures analyzed at the Hospital Regional ISSSTE, Monterrey, Nuevo Léon, Mexico.MATERIALS AND METHODS: a retrospective cohort study was conducted, based on urine sample analyses performed at the hospital laboratory between January 2010 and September 2015.RESULTS: data on 4,394 urine cultures were obtained. Escherichia coli was identified in 47.1% of the isolates. A total of 59.4% of the Escherichia coli and 59.6% of the Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates showed production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Candida albicans was found in 3.6% of the isolates. Most of the Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates showed sensitivity to carbapenems.CONCLUSIONS: these study results provide valuable insight for improving urinary tract infection management at the Hospital Regional ISSSTE of Monterrey. Institutions elsewhere should carry out these investigations, to understand antimicrobial resistance trends in their area of activity and improve their antimicrobial prescription practices. KEY WORDS: urinary tract infection, UTI, uropathogens, antimicrobial sensitivity
ESTUDIOS GENERALES Y LAS MATEMÁTICAS
Authors: Góngora Santa Cruz+ Mario Efraín 
Published: December 2020

Uno de los aspectos más importantes de la nueva Ley Universitaria N° 30220 promulgada el 09-07-2014 es, “formar profesionales de alta calidad, de manera integral y con pleno sentido de responsabilidad social, de acuerdo a las necesidades del país”. El futuro profesional deberá estar preparado para actuar con eficacia, sentido crítico y filosofía de vida en todos los aspectos: personal, social y laboral.
REPRESIÓN DE ACTOS LESIVOS HOMOGÉNEOS Y LA TUTELA JURISDICCIONAL EFECTIVA DEL PERSONAL DOCENTE QUE LABORÓ BAJO EL RÉGIMEN DE LAS LEYES 24029 Y 25212 EN EL PERÚ
Authors: DELGADO OTAZU ERICSON 
Published: December 2020

Todo Estado está comprometido a garantizar a todo sujeto de derecho el acceso a la justicia, suministrando recursos judiciales efectivos a quienes se sientan agraviados; para ello, cada Estado debe optar con las medidas correspondientes para eliminar todo impedimento que obstaculice el pleno ejercicio de tal derecho; en el Perú contamos con la institución de la represión de actos lesivos homogéneos, regulado de manera genérica en el art. 60 del Código Procesal Constitucional; sin embargo, podría ser explotado y empleado con resultados muy favorables para garantizar una tutela jurisdiccional realmente efectiva, en determinados casos por ejemplo, los que involucran el reconocimiento de beneficios laborales del sector educación.
Every state is committed to guaranteeing to all legal subjects access to justice by providing effective judicial remedies to those who feel aggrieved; for this, each state must opt for the corresponding measures to eliminate any impediment that hinders the full exercise of such right; in Perú we have the institution of the repression of homogeneous harmful acts, regulated in a generic way in art. 60 of the Constitutional Procedural Code; however, it could be exploited and used with very favorable results to guarantee a really effective jurisdictional protection, in certain cases, for example, those that involvethe recognition of labor benefits in the education sector.
Root uptake under mismatched distributions of water and nutrients in the root zone
Authors: Yan Jing , Bogie Nathaniel A. , Ghezzehei Teamrat A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Most plants derive their water and nutrient needs from soils where the resources are often scarce, patchy, and ephemeral. It is not uncommon for plant roots to encounter mismatched patches of water-rich and nutrient-rich regions in natural environments. Such an uneven distribution of resources necessitates plant reliance on strategies for exploring and acquiring nutrients from relatively dry patches. We conducted a laboratory study that elucidates the biophysical mechanisms that enable this adaptation. The roots of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings were laterally split and grown in two adjacent, hydraulically disconnected pots, which permitted precise control of water and nutrient applications to each compartment. We observed that the physical separation of water-rich and nutrient-rich compartments (one received 90 % water and 0 % nutrients and the other received 10 % water and 100 % nutrients) does not significantly stunt plant growth and productivity compared to two control treatments (control 1: 90 % water and 100 % nutrients versus 10 % water and 0 % nutrients; control 2: 50 % water and 50 % nutrients in each compartment). Specifically, we showed that soil dryness does not reduce nutrient uptake, vegetative growth, flowering, and fruiting compared to control treatments. We identified localized root proliferation in nutrient-rich dry soil patches as a critical strategy that enabled nutrient capture. We observed nocturnal rewetting of the nutrient-rich but dry soil zone (10 % water and 100 % nutrients) but not in the nutrient-free and dry zone of the control experiment (90 % water and 100 % nutrients). We interpreted the rewetting as the transfer of water from the wet to dry zones through roots, a process commonly known as hydraulic redistribution (HR). The occurrence of HR likely prevents the nutrient-rich soil from drying due to permanent wilting and the subsequent decline of root functions. Sustaining rhizosphere wetness is also likely to increase nutrient mobility and uptake. Lack of HR in the absence of nutrients suggests that HR is not entirely a passive, water-potential-gradient driven flow. The density and size of root hairs appeared to be higher (qualitative observation) in the nutrient-rich and dry compartments than in the nutrient-free and dry compartments. We also observed organic coating on sand grains in the rhizosphere of the nutrient-rich and dry compartments. The observations are consistent with prior observations that root hairs and rhizodeposition aid rhizosphere wetting. These findings were synthesized in a conceptual model that explains how plants of dry regions may be adapted to mismatched resources. This study also suggests that separating the bulk of applied nutrients from the frequently irrigated soil region can increase nutrient use efficiency and curtail water pollution from intensive agricultural systems.
The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record
Authors: Rohde Robert A. , Hausfather Zeke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. A global land–ocean temperature record has been created
by combining the Berkeley Earth monthly land temperature field with
spatially kriged version of the HadSST3 dataset. This combined product spans
the period from 1850 to present and covers the majority of the Earth's
surface: approximately 57 % in 1850, 75 % in 1880, 95 % in 1960, and
99.9 % by 2015. It includes average temperatures in 1∘×1∘ lat–long grid cells for each month when available. It provides
a global mean temperature record quite similar to records from Hadley's
HadCRUT4, NASA's GISTEMP, NOAA's GlobalTemp, and Cowtan and Way and
provides a spatially complete and homogeneous temperature field. Two
versions of the record are provided, treating areas with sea ice cover as
either air temperature over sea ice or sea surface temperature under sea
ice, the former being preferred for most applications. The choice of how to
assess the temperature of areas with sea ice coverage has a notable impact
on global anomalies over past decades due to rapid warming of air
temperatures in the Arctic. Accounting for rapid warming of Arctic air
suggests ∼ 0.1 ∘C additional global-average
temperature rise since the 19th century than temperature series that do
not capture the changes in the Arctic. Updated versions of this dataset will
be presented each month at the Berkeley Earth website
(http://berkeleyearth.org/data/, last access: November 2020), and a convenience copy of the version
discussed in this paper has been archived and is freely available at
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3634713 (Rohde and Hausfather,
2020).
Dielectric database of organic Arctic soils (DDOAS)
Authors: Savin Igor , Mironov Valery , Muzalevskiy Konstantin , Fomin Sergey , Karavayskiy Andrey , Ruzicka Zdenek , Lukin Yuriy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. This article presents a dielectric database of organic
Arctic soils (DDOAS). The DDOAS was created based on the dielectric
measurements of seven samples of organic-rich soils collected in various
parts of the Arctic tundra: Yamal Peninsula, Taimyr Peninsula, Samoylov Island
(all in the Russian Federation) and the northern slope of Alaska (US). The organic
matter content (by weight) of the presented soil samples varied from 35 %
to 90 %. The refractive index (RI) and normalised attenuation coefficient
(NAC) were measured under laboratory conditions by the coaxial-waveguide
method in the frequency range from ∼ 10 MHz to ∼ 16 GHz, while the moisture content changed from air-dry to field capacity, and the temperature changed from −40 to +25 ∘C. The total
number of measured values of the RI and NAC contained in the database is
more than 1.5 million. The created database can serve not only as a source
of experimental data for the development of new soil dielectric models for
the Arctic tundra but also as a source of training data for artificial
intelligence satellite algorithms of soil moisture retrievals based on
neural networks. The DDOAS is presented as Excel files. The files of the DDOAS are
available on https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3819912 (Savin and Mironov, 2020).
Downsizing parameter ensembles for simulations of rare floods
Authors: Sikorska-Senoner Anna E. , Schaefli Bettina , Seibert Jan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. For extreme-flood estimation, simulation-based approaches represent an interesting alternative to purely statistical approaches, particularly if hydrograph shapes are required. Such simulation-based methods are adapted within continuous simulation frameworks that rely on statistical analyses of continuous streamflow time series derived from a hydrological model fed with long precipitation time series. These frameworks are, however, affected by high computational demands, particularly if floods with return periods > 1000 years are of interest or if modelling uncertainty due to different sources (meteorological input or hydrological model) is to be quantified. Here, we propose three methods for reducing the computational requirements for the hydrological simulations for extreme-flood estimation so that long streamflow time series can be analysed at a reduced computational cost. These methods rely on simulation of annual maxima and on analysing their simulated range to downsize the hydrological parameter ensemble to a small number suitable for continuous simulation frameworks. The methods are tested in a Swiss catchment with 10 000 years of synthetic streamflow data simulated thanks to a weather generator. Our results demonstrate the reliability of the proposed downsizing methods for robust simulations of rare floods with uncertainty. The methods are readily transferable to other situations where ensemble simulations are needed.
Testing lipid markers as predictors of all-cause morbidity, cardiac disease, and mortality risk in captive western lowland gorillas (&lt;i&gt;Gorilla gorilla gorilla&lt;/i&gt;)
Authors: Edes Ashley N. , Brown Janine L. , Edwards Katie L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Great apes and humans develop many of the same health conditions, including cardiac disease as a leading cause of death. In humans, lipid markers are strong predictors of morbidity and mortality risk. To determine if they similarly predict risk in gorillas, we measured five serum lipid markers and calculated three lipoprotein ratios from zoo-housed western lowland gorillas (aged 6–52 years, n=61, subset with routine immobilizations only: n=47): total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), TC∕HDL, LDL∕HDL, and TG∕HDL. We examined each in relation to age and sex, then analyzed whether they predicted all-cause morbidity, cardiac disease, and mortality using generalized linear models (GLMs). Older age was significantly associated with higher TG, TC∕HDL, LDL∕HDL, and TG∕HDL, and lower HDL and apoA1. With all ages combined, compared to females, males had significantly lower TG, TC∕HDL, LDL∕HDL, and TG∕HDL, and higher HDL. Using GLMs, age, sex, and lower LDL∕HDL were significant predictors of all-cause morbidity; this is consistent with research demonstrating lower LDL in humans with arthritis, which was the second most prevalent condition in this sample. In contrast to humans, lipid markers were not better predictors of cardiac disease and mortality risk in gorillas, with cardiac disease best predicted by age and sex alone, and mortality risk only by age. Similar results were observed when multimodel inference was used as an alternative analysis strategy, suggesting it can be used in place of or in addition to traditional methods for predicting risk.
Duurzaamheidsinitiatieven en het kartelverbod – wie is aan zet?
Authors: de Goffau Jori , van Heezik Greetje 
Published: December 2020

Duurzaamheidsinitiatieven en het kartelverbod – wie is aan zet?
Dit artikel gaat in op de beperkte mogelijkheden die er zijn onder het kartelverbod voor ondernemingen die duurzaamheidsafspraken willen maken om definitieve rechtszekerheid te krijgen over de toelaatbaarheid van deze afspraken. In deze bijdrage bespreken wij waarom de procedurele instrumenten die in de huidige systematiek kunnen worden toegepast onvoldoende ruimte bieden voor checks and balances en daardoor ook niet tot rechtsontwikkeling kunnen leiden. Vervolgens doen wij suggesties voor de inzet van bestaande en nieuwe instrumenten om tot aanvullende rechtszekerheid te komen en/of rechtsontwikkeling mogelijk te maken, teneinde de totstandkoming van de genoemde samenwerkingen maximaal te stimuleren.
Georges Vacher de Lapouge a sélections sociales
Authors: Hrabovský Milan 
Published: December 2020

Štúdia argumentuje proti zavádzajúcemu radeniu Vachera de Lapouge medzi „predchodcov“ nacistického rasizmu. Vacher de Lapouge nebol „predchodca“ nacistického rasizmu, ale patril medzi kľúčových predstaviteľov francúzskeho sociálneho darvinizmu. V rámci svojho „sociálneho selekcionizmu“ zameraného na „praktickú selekciu“ (sterilizáciu a eugeniku) slabších a chudobnejších, z jeho pohľadu, „menejcenných“, „parazitujúcich“ členov spoločnosti, ponúkol svoju víziu „novej spoločnosti“, ktorá má podporovať reprodukciu „nadradenej rasy“ v spoločnosti. To je aj dôvod, prečo by nás malo zaujímať myslenie tohto „najdôležitejšieho francúzskeho sociálneho darvinistu“: v 21. storočí existujú „rasové teórie, ktoré sa nemusia odvolávať alebo vychádzať priamo z nacistického rasizmu, to ale neznamená, že tu neexistujú iné formy rasizmu.