bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of Biodrying Process based on Temperature Profile and Cumulation
Authors: Zaman B , Budihardjo M A , Yasmin S M M , Purwono  
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The biodrying process of solid waste is an approach to the use of biomass energy, where solid waste is dried using the heat generated from aerobic degradation of organic matter. Temperature profile and cumulation of the solid waste biodrying process are the success factors in drying solid waste. The reactor used is made of plywood with dimensions of (30 × 30 × 100) cm equipped with a heat sink using Thermoshield Universal to minimize heat loss. Aeration discharge at the biodrying process reactor is 0.023 m3/kg/h. The results showed a maximum temperature of 61°C produced from the bottom layer of the biodrying reactor (addition of 6 l / min air flow) on the first day at 10:00 pm. Cumulation temperature in the bottom layer of the biodrying reactor for 21 days of research reached 186.9°C. This value is a source of heat generated from the decomposition of waste under aerobic conditions. Based on the three layers, it can be concluded that the bottom layer produces higher temperature cumulation than the top or middle layer. This research can be a reference for determining temperature monitoring points and knowing Temperature cumulation generated from the waste decomposition process using biodrying technology.
Study of Sediment Transport in Krueng Meureubo River of Padang Mancang Village Kaway XVI Sub District Aceh Barat District
Authors: Ikhsan M , Safriani M , Fitrah N K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This research was conducted to see the rate of sediment transport in the Krueng Meureubo watershed in Padang Mancang Village, Kaway XVI Subdistrict, West Aceh Regency, where in this village floods often occur due to overflowing of the river, which is predicted to occur due to river silting. The ability of the river to accommodate the flow at the time of flood discharge decreases due to siltation caused by sedimentation of sediment grains originating from erosion of land in the watershed area. Soil erosion is caused by erosion of soil layers due to rain that occurs on land that is prone to erosion, such as open land, forests that have been damaged due to illegal logging and areas whose land functions are transferred. Method used to analyze the sediment transport rate in the Krueng Seunagan watershed is Yang’s method, where the data to be analyzed is primary data in the form of direct measurement results in the field such as river cross-section data, flow velocity and bedload sampling using a sediment trap and suspended load in the river. the amount of sediment transport that occurred along the Meurebo River in Padang Mancang Village was 52.7634168 tons / year.
Potential Benefit of Industrial Symbiosis using Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Ismail Y 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIndustry symbiosis is an environmental management approach that is part of industrial ecology. Industrial symbiosis requires a measurement tool that can measure intangible flows or non-physical flow. Creating industrial symbiosis at industrial estate can be done by uncovering industrial symbiosis, which is seeing the opportunity of material, energy, by product or water change. The potential flow of material and energy could build by seeing the opportunity of changing based on the raw material used and waste or by product produced. The objective of this paper is to saw the potential creating industrial symbiosis using LCA. Literature review and observation method used for data collection and Hyundai industrial estate choose as a population. Descriptively method used for data analysis method. The result showed the potential industrial symbiosis could proceed to see the opportunity by saw the result of LCA. LCA is a measurement tool that can be used in measuring all material and/or energy that used in industry. From LCA gate-to-gate analysis founded that waste and by product produced which were the emission, scrap and CO2emission could show clearly. Thus, LCA is a very useful tool in uncovering industrial symbiosis and could measure the environmental impact of applying industrial symbiosis.
Biosand Filter for Removal of Organic Pollutant from Laboratory Wastewater
Authors: Primasari B , Indah S , Afrianita R , Rahmatesa F 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This research aims to investigate the ability of biosand filter to remove organic pollutants from laboratory wastewater. Biosand filter is a simple treatment using fine sand, coarse sand and gravel media. In the biosand filter, the biofilm growth occurs on the top surface of the media. The observed parameter for organic content was BOD and COD. The media in the biosand filter reactor were fine sand: coarse sand: gravel with a depth ratio of 50: 5: 5 cm. The biofilm growing process was carried out for 15 days by immersing the media with samples. The substrate was added to the reactor in the 10th day to accelerate biofilm growth. During the growth of the biofilm, the dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and temperature were also observed. After the biofilm growth, the biosand filter was operated intermittently for 14 days, which is an hour operation and a pause period of 47 hours, repeatedly until 29 days. The applied flow rate was 0.6 L / min. The results showed that BOD removal efficiency was 76.9%, and COD removal efficiency was 73.5%. The biosand filter reduced BOD concentration from 161.5 mg/L to 36.1 mg/L and reduced COD concentration from 202.4 mg/L to 52.8 mg/L.
Causal effects of Indian Ocean Dipole on El Niño–Southern Oscillation during 1950–2014 based on high-resolution models and reanalysis data
Authors: Le Thanh , Ha Kyung-Ja , Bae Deg-Hyo , Kim Seon-Ho 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Uncertainty exists regarding the interaction between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) where ENSO is normally expected to be the leading mode. Moreover, the effect of global warming on the relationship between these two modes remains unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the ENSO–IOD linkage for the years 1950–2014 using reanalysis data and high-resolution climate model simulations. The 1950–2014 period is of particular interest as rapid Indian Ocean warming since the 1950s has had a huge impact worldwide. Our results showed that the IOD had robust causal effects on ENSO, whereas the impact of ENSO on IOD exhibited lower confidence. All models demonstrated that the IOD was unlikely to have no causal effects on ENSO, whereas eight out of 15 studied models and the reanalysis data showed significant causal effects at the 10% significance level. The analyses provide new evidence that ENSO interannual variability might be forced by changes in Indo-Pacific Walker circulation induced by the IOD. Weak control of ENSO on the IOD is likely due to nonsignificant effects of ENSO on the western tropical Indian Ocean, implying that the rapid warming environment in the Indian Ocean may fundamentally modulate the relationship between the IOD and ENSO. We find high agreement between the models and reanalysis data in simulating the ENSO–IOD connection. These results indicate that the effects of the IOD on ENSO might be more significant than previously thought.
Reduction of response time in transmissive optically addressed spatial light modulator using solution-based ZnO NP/PEDOT:PSS heterojunction
Authors: Chang Xin , Li Jin , Shrestha Pawan Kumar , Li Shunpu , Surowiecka Kasia , Chu Daping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
An optically addressed spatial light modulator (OASLM) works by using the intensity of a ‘write’ light to modulate the phase of a ‘read’ light. OASLM using ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as a photoconductor is important to holographic displays because of its record-high spatial resolution. However, its response time to the write light is long and the switch-off time (τoff) can take tens of seconds due to the trap states in the ZnO NP layer. This results in residual images and poses limitations to its application in dynamic holographic displays. In this work, a ZnO NP photoconductor was replaced by a solution-processed ZnO NP/PEDOT:PSS heterojunction photodiode and the τoff of OASLM was significantly reduced to about 0.6 s. Electrical and optical properties of the heterojunction were characterized and a barrier height of 0.604 eV was determined by CV measurement. The heterojunction-based OASLM was then fabricated and its light modulating performance was investigated by using a diffractive phase grating. Finally, impedance spectroscopy was used to analysis the device equivalent circuit and optimize the operation of the OASLM.
The PRESSURE score to predict decompressive craniectomy after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Jabbarli Ramazan , Darkwah Oppong Marvin , Roelz Roland , Pierscianek Daniela , Shah Mukesch , Dammann Philipp , Scheiwe Christian , Kaier Klaus , Wrede Karsten H , Beck Jürgen , Sure Ulrich 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The prognosis of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage requiring decompressive craniectomy is usually poor. Proper selection and early performing of decompressive craniectomy might improve the patients’ outcome. We aimed at developing a risk score for prediction of decompressive craniectomy after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. All consecutive aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage cases treated at the University Hospital of Essen between January 2003 and June 2016 (test cohort) and the University Medical Center Freiburg between January 2005 and December 2012 (validation cohort) were eligible for this study. Various parameters collected within 72 h after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage were evaluated through univariate and multivariate analyses to predict separately primary (PrimDC) and secondary decompressive craniectomy (SecDC). The final analysis included 1376 patients. The constructed risk score included the following parameters: intracerebral (‘Parenchymal’) haemorrhage (1 point), ‘Rapid’ vasospasm on angiography (1 point), Early cerebral infarction (1 point), aneurysm Sac &gt; 5 mm (1 point), clipping (‘Surgery’, 1 point), age Under 55 years (2 points), Hunt and Hess grade ≥ 4 (‘Reduced consciousness’, 1 point) and External ventricular drain (1 point). The PRESSURE score (0–9 points) showed high diagnostic accuracy for the prediction of PrimDC and SecDC in the test (area under the curve = 0.842/0.818) and validation cohorts (area under the curve = 0.903/0.823), respectively. 63.7% of the patients scoring ≥6 points required decompressive craniectomy (versus 12% for the PRESSURE &lt; 6 points, P &lt; 0.0001). In the subgroup of the patients with the PRESSURE ≥6 points and absence of dilated/fixed pupils, PrimDC within 24 h after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage was independently associated with lower risk of unfavourable outcome (modified Rankin Scale &gt;3 at 6 months) than in individuals with later or no decompressive craniectomy (P &lt; 0.0001). Our risk score was successfully validated as reliable predictor of decompressive craniectomy after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. The PRESSURE score might present a background for a prospective randomized clinical trial addressing the utility of early prophylactic decompressive craniectomy in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Neurological manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2—a controversy ‘gone viral’
Authors: Förster Moritz , Weyers Vivien , Küry Patrick , Barnett Michael , Hartung Hans-Peter , Kremer David 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 first appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and developed into a worldwide pandemic within the following 3 months causing severe bilateral pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019) with in part fatal outcomes. After first experiences and tentative strategies to face this new disease, several cases were published describing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection related to the onset of neurological complaints and diseases such as, for instance, anosmia, stroke or meningoencephalitis. Of note, there is still a controversy about whether or not there is a causative relation between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and these neurological conditions. Other concerns, however, seem to be relevant as well. This includes not only the reluctance of patients with acute neurological complaints to report to the emergency department for fear of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 but also the ethical and practical implications for neurology patients in everyday clinical routine. This paper aims to provide an overview of the currently available evidence for the occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the central and peripheral nervous system and the neurological diseases potentially involving this virus.
Social and Medical Gender Transition and Acceptance of Biological Sex
Authors: Watt Helen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Biological sex should be “acknowledged” and “accepted”—but which responses to gender dysphoria might this preclude? Trans-identified people may factually acknowledge their biological sex and regard transition as purely palliative. While generally some level of self-deception and even a high level of nonlying deception of others are sometimes justified, biological sex is important, and there is a nontrivial onus against even palliative, nonsexually motivated cross-dressing. The onus is higher against co-opting the body, even in a minor and/or reversible way, to make a false communication concerning one’s sex. Hardest to defend is the destruction of sexual–reproductive functions and causally downstream functions such as lactation: due to the transcendent nature of sexual–reproductive functions, an appeal to the “principle of totality” here is misplaced. This is not to say that social, and milder medical, transition is absolutely excluded even for severe unmanageable dysphoria, nor that subsequent to any transition, detransition is necessarily required.
The Central Bank Governor and Interest Rate Setting by Committee
Authors: van Ommeren Emile , Piccillo Giulia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article studies the role of central bank governors in monetary policy decisions taken by a committee. To carry out this analysis, we constructed a novel dataset of committee voting behaviour for six OECD countries for up to three decades. Using a range of Taylor rule specifications, we show that a change in governor significantly affects interest rate setting. We also observe systematic differences in interest rate rules based on the political party appointing the governor, with more inflation-averse policies under governors that are appointed by a right-wing political authority. We show the robustness of this result by using a wider dataset (including over 3000 observations from 12 countries). (JEL codes: E02, E5, P16)
Investigating impacts of and susceptibility to rail noise playback across freshwater fishes reveals counterintuitive response profiles
Authors: Friebertshauser Ryan J , Holt Daniel E , Johnston Carol E , Smith Matthew G , Mendonça Mary T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
While the expansion of anthropogenic noise studies in aquatic habitats has produced conservation-based results for a range of taxa, relatively little attention has been paid to the potential impacts on stream fishes. Recent work has shown responses to road noise in single species of stream fish; however, assemblage-wide effects of anthropogenic noise pollution have not yet been investigated. By examining five metrics of disturbance across four ecologically and evolutionarily disparate species of stream fishes, a series of laboratory experiments aimed to describe the effects of and species susceptibility to anthropogenic noise playback. Each species studied represented a unique combination of hearing sensitivity and water column position. Physiological and behavioral metrics were compared across the presence and absence of rail-noise noise playback in four target species. Through repeated subsampling, the temporal dynamics of cortisol secretion in response to noise in two target species were additionally described. Rail-noise playback had no statistically significant effect on blood glucose or water-borne cortisol levels, with the exception of decreased cortisol in noise-exposed largescale stoneroller (Campostoma oligolepis). Time-course cortisol experiments revealed rapid secretion and showed minimal effects of noise at most observation points. The presence of noise produced significant changes in ventilation rate and swimming parameters in a portion of the four species observed representing the most conserved responses. Overall, effects of noise were observed in species contrary to what would be hypothesized based on theoretical hearing sensitivity and water column position demonstrating that predicting susceptibility to this type of stressor cannot be accomplished based off these course considerations alone. More importantly, we show that anthropogenic noise can disrupt a variety of behavioral and physiological processes in certain taxa and should be further investigated via measures of fitness in the wild.
Educating American Lawyers: The New Haven School’s Jurisprudence of Personal Character
Authors: Derrig Ríán 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Using previously unexploited archival sources and unpublished teaching materials, this article rereads Harold Lasswell and Myres McDougal’s earliest 1943 statement of policy-oriented jurisprudence – what would become known as the ‘New Haven School’ – and examines their wartime careers in government and academia. It breaks with widely held current understandings of the New Haven School. First, Lasswell and McDougal’s work is re-periodized. Instead of a reactionary answer lawyers offered to international relations realists in the 1940s, I argue that policy-oriented jurisprudence was a product of interwar insecurities and the rising culture of American modernism from the 1920s. Second, notwithstanding frequent associations of the jurisprudence with interventionist, anti-communist American foreign policy during the Cold War, the article emphasizes Lasswell and McDougal’s engagement with progressive politics of the early 20th century – New Deal social planning and redistribution; psychoanalytically inspired social critique; Marxism and socialism. Third, I argue that the school’s primary intellectual origins are to be found not in American legal realism or positivist social science, but in philosophical pragmatism and psychoanalysis.
Patterns of recurring dispensing of guideline antibiotics for uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women over a 5-year period: Longitudinal patterns of recurring dispensings of Dutch guideline UTI antibiotics
Authors: Lelie- van der Zande Rian C , Bouvy Marcel L , Teichert and Martina 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most prevalent medical conditions among women seeking primary care. About 20–40% of the women have a UTI recurrence during their lifetime.

Objective
To provide insight in the patterns of recurring annual dispensing for antibiotics commonly used for UTI treatment in women, aged 18 years or older, during a 5-year follow-up period in the Netherlands.

Methods
The Dutch Foundation of Pharmaceutical statistics collects dispensing data from more than 90% of all community pharmacies. Pharmacies with complete data between years 2011 and 2017 were included. Women of age 18 years or older with a first dispensing of nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, or trimethoprim in 2012 and a dispensing of any medication in 2017 were selected. For each year between 2013 and 2017, the proportions of women with recurring dispensing of nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin or trimethoprim were calculated and stratified for age categories.

Results
Within 1517 eligible community pharmacies, 463 821 women, aged 18 years or older, were dispensed one of the antibiotics in 2012, and 239 292 women still visited the same pharmacy in 2017. About 56% of them received at least one recurring dispensing during 5 years of follow-up. Each year, ~20% of the source population had at least one recurring dispensing. Approximately 2% of the source population had at least one recurring dispensing in each year of follow-up.

Conclusions
Over the 5-year study period, more than 50% of the source population had at least one recurring dispensing for uncomplicated UTI, most of them with at least 1 year without UTI dispensing in between.
Rotifers weaken the efficiency of the cyanobacterium defence against ciliate grazers
Authors: Pajdak-Stós Agnieszka , Fiałkowski Wojciech , Fiałkowska Edyta 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTCyanobacteria can protect themselves through limited dispersion and by increasing the compactness of the mucilage-covered cyanobacterial mat as well as by producing sheaths covering their trichomes. These features have been used in research to measure their degree of inducible defence. The influence of the presence of the rotifers Lecane inermis on the effectiveness of Phormidium sp. (Ph2) cyanobacterium defence was investigated. Experiments were conducted on the ciliates Pseudomicrothorax dubius and Furgasonia blochmanni, specialised in the ingestion of filamentous cyanobacteria. The most compact were cyanobacterial mats that were subjected exclusively to ciliates and the most dispersed were mats in the presence of rotifers alone. The presence of rotifers feeding on cyanobacterial mucilage led to the decreased effectiveness of the defence in two ways, by increasing the dispersion of cyanobacterial trichomes, thus loosening the cyanobacterial mat, and through the ingestion of the exopolysaccharide material covering the trichomes. As a result, in the presence of rotifers and the high density of ciliates, almost all the trichomes were removed. Moreover, in comparison with other treatments, a higher number of ciliates and rotifers remained active until the end of the experiments. This is the first report to show how rotifers can weaken the defence of cyanobacteria.
Curatorial labour, voice and legacy: Mary Dorothy George and the Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires, 1930–54*
Authors: Baker James , Salway Andrew 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Between 1930 and 1954 Mary Dorothy George wrote catalogue entries for 12,553 ‘Golden Age’ satirical prints, entries that have become foundational to the historiography of British History in the long eighteenth century. This article examines George as a curatorial voice, an interlocutor between the archived past and her readers. It examines the labour processes that produced George’s contributions to the British Museum’s Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum, her writing as a corpus, and her interpretations therein. It is argued that focusing attention on linguistic and procedural choices requires us to rethink the legacy of both this remarkable catalogue and other comparable systems of knowledge organization.
Diethylstilbestrol exposure during pregnancy with primary clear cell carcinoma of the cervix in an 8-year-old granddaughter: a multigenerational effect of endocrine disruptors?
Authors: Gaspari Laura , Paris Françoise , Cassel-Knipping Nathalie , Villeret Julia , Verschuur Arnauld , Soyer-Gobillard Marie-Odile , Carcopino-Tusoli Xavier , Hamamah Samir , Kalfa Nicolas , Sultan Charles 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
To date, vaginal/cervical clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCAC) has not been reported in the granddaughters of women treated with diethylstilbestrol (DES) during pregnancy. We present an 8-year-old girl with a history of severe vaginal bleeding who was diagnosed with cervical CCAC. She underwent fertility-sparing surgery and radiotherapy. No sign of recurrence was detected throughout a 10-year follow-up. Her grandmother had received DES therapy during pregnancy with the patient’s mother. Although no direct causal link is demonstrated, this case raises for the first time, the hypothesis of multigenerational effects of DES in girls and strongly suggests the need to follow the granddaughters of DES-treated women.