bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of frozen storage time and thawing methods on the microflora of thawed Nile tilapia fillets
Authors: Mai N , Nguyen D , Nguyen N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study was aimed to find out the influence of frozen storage time and thawing methods on the counts of coliforms, E. coli, Pseudomonas spp., and total viable counts (TVC) of thawed de-skinned Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets. Individual quick frozen fillets of size 120-170 g, packed in polyamide packs (2 fillets/pack), were stored at -18 ± 2 °C. Samples were taken for thawing experiments every month (months 0, 1, 2, … and 8). Four different defreezing environments, namely cold air (7 ± 1 °C), air at ambient temperature (30 ± 1 °C), cold water (8 ± 1 °C), and water at normal temperature (25 ± 1 °C), were investigated. All experiments were triplicated. No E. coli was detected in all thawed samples. No differences (p > 0.05) were observed in coliforms, E. coli, Pseudomonas spp., and TVC of the newly stored samples (month 0) after thawing by the four studied methods. No significant effects (p > 0.05) of storage time (months 1, 2, and 3) and thawing methods on the coliforms and Pseudomonas quantity of tilapia fillets were found. Thawing by cold air showed to be the most suitable mean, which resulted in significantly lower TVC (p < 0.05) compared to defrosting in ambient air or in water at normal temperature. Meanwhile, air at ambient temperature showed to be the worst medium, giving the highest TVC in the fillets after thawing. The results supported a slow thawing method (e.g. by cold air) for this fillet product or similar ones, which are processed and frozen pre-rigor mortis.
myGAP: Malaysia’s gift to seafood world
Authors: Manap M G A , Pauzi M F A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Globalization, consumer expectations, sustainability of food production and sanitary and phytosanitary control measures from importing countries have been identified as a major challenge for the development of the aquaculture industry in the world. Currently, international trade trend has focusing to the production of safe for human consumption aquaculture products and produce which avoids the deterioration of the quality and sustainability of the environment. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization has published Aquaculture Certification Technical Guidelines in 2011 as a general global guidance for Good Aquaculture Practice certification. Malaysia has implemented the Certification of Good Aquaculture Practices in 2004 and has national standards since 2007 when Malaysia’s Standard (MS 1998: 2007) General Guidelines for Good Aquaculture Practices was officially publish for certification reference. Certification in Good Aquaculture Practices Malaysia requires farm owner to compulsorily participate in the National Aquaculture Residue Monitoring Program to verify aquaculture products from certified premises to be safe for human consumption and free from harmful contaminants. In 2017, the standards were revised to comply with ASEAN Good Aquaculture Practices (ASEAN GAqP) requirements.
Artificial rice from Gracillaria sp. as functional food to prevent diabetes
Authors: Purwaningsih S , Santoso J , Handharyani E , Setiawati N P , Deskawati E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Seaweed Gracillaria sp. was one of the local potentials of West Java-Indonesia, this seaweed was easily cultivated, but currently underutilized. Therefore, processing was very important to increased value added of seaweed. The purpose of this research were characterize and determine antialphaglukosidase activity of Gracillaria sp. seaweed as raw material for artificial rice. The research method used a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) of two factors with continued testing of Duncan and Kruskal Wallis. The addition of agar flour influenced the water content, ash, fat and protein content on artificial rice. The result of organoleptic test showed that addition of agar flour for artificial rice gave significant effect on color, odor and texture. The resulting artificial rice has a moisture content of 9.9-13.7%, ash content of 1.1-4.3%, fat 0.3-3.7%, protein 2.7-5.9%, carbohydrate 77.7-80.3%, fiber 0.11-0.95%, and tannin 0.11-0.20%.
Effect of acetic acid hydrolysis on the characteristics of water soluble chitosan
Authors: Santoso J , Adiputra K C , Soerdirga L C , Tarman K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Chitosan is a derivative product of chitin deacetylation and has many functions in food industry. However, it has limitation on application caused by low solubility in water. In order to increase the solubility in water, the hydrolysis using acetic acid was performed to reduce the molecular weight. The concentration of acetic acid, temperature of hydrolysis and hydrolysis time related to the solubility were investigated. Hydrolysis using 5% acetic acid was able to produce water soluble chitosan (WSC) with a molecular weight of 198.64 kDa and 46.10% solubility in water. WSC that was obtained at 60 oC for 90 min of hydrolysis process in 5% acetic acid had characteristics of viscosity, molecular weight, solubility in water and deacetylation degree were 0.85 cP, 166.34 kDa, 53.66% and 92.92%, respectively.
Sugarcane - an old plantation crop that offers new environmentally friendly possibilities
Authors: Magarey R C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Sugarcane is a tall, robust tropical C4 grass that has been grown in plantation systems for many centuries. Original commercial crops were largely produced from Saccharum officinarum lines collected from its centre of diversity. With the ability to breed hybrid varieties, incorporating other Saccharum species, came higher crop vigour and improved resistance to pests and diseases. This led to higher productivity; this was enhanced by better farming systems that utilised improved knowledge of plant nutrition, soil health and mechanisation. Plant breeding remains one of the most important research and development activities in sugarcane industries. The use of fibre from the milling process as a factory energy source enables many sugar factories to operate largely without resort to fossil fuels. The crop offers a number of environmental advantages at a time when climate change and increased levels of CO2 are of increasing importance to a sustainable world. Improved factory efficiencies and other cropping developments may place the sugarcane industry at the forefront in sustainable energy production into the future. ‘Green electricity’ generation, the production of ethanol for fuel and the recycling of CO2 may see the crop change from a source of sucrose to a source of energy. One of the challenges to face then may be whether crops are grown for food or energy – a dilemma to be solved as the environmental stakes become more profound.
Indonesian’s nutmeg for the world, synergizing consumers need while increasing farmer’s welfare
Authors: Pakpahan A , Bermawie N , Wiratno  
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Nutmeg has been acknowledged as one of the spices that originally grown in Indonesia, namely from the Moluccas Islands. The power of values of that spice had drawn almost all nations all over the world to come to the Moluccas. In fact, Indonesian colonisation by the Western countries had closely related with the geo-climatically rich spices biodiversity’s advantages on the one hand and the weakness of knowledge, technology, political, as well as military power on the other hand. So, the world has shown the path that Indonesia that rich in economic values of spices remains as a poor country. Since the year of 1700s the value of spices in the world economy had declined dramatically relative to their roles in the period, for example in the 1600s. In recent development, however, there is an increasing trend of import of spices in general and nutmeg in particular by developed countries. History taught us that the high demand for nutmeg or spices does not necessarily has direct causality with the increasing welfare of farmers or growers of that crops in Indonesia. This article explores the potential opportunities for both increasing Indonesia farmers’ welfare and the consumer countries’s welfare as well.
Tea Production in Japan and in the World
Authors: Ikeda N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Tea is one of the most popular beverages worldwide. Tea (Camellia sinensis) belongs to the genus Camellia. C. sinensis has two varieties, sinensis and assamica. Tea is thought to have originated in Yunnan Province of China. The total amount of tea production in the world was 5,812,000 t in 2017. China was the largest tea producer and India was the second-largest producer. Indonesia was in sixth place and Japan was in ninth place. The custom of drinking tea was introduced into Japan from China in the early part of the eighth century. Tea plants had been introduced to Japan a little before then. Japanese native tea plants belong to C. sinensis var. sinensis. The total tea production area in Japan in 2018 was 41.500 ha, and total amount of tea production in Japan in 2018 was 81,500 t. Most of the tea produced in Japan is steamed green tea. Some types of microbiological fermentation tea are produced in mountainous areas. These teas are similar to teas produced in Yunnan province and the surrounding areas. Small-scale black tea production has recently been increasing. In 2016, the total amount of revenue from tea production in Japan was 96 billion yen (827 million dollars), accounting for 1% of the total revenue from agricultural production. Fertilizer costs accounted for 30% of the total production costs. Since amino acid gives green tea a sweet and brothy taste, more than 500 kg per ha of nitrogen fertilizer has been applied to tea fields in Japan. Excess use of nitrogen fertilizer has caused many problems such as strong acidification of soil, pollution of ground water and increase in Mechanical tea harvesting is now popular except for special type of tea. Over 98% of the tea fields in Japan are covered with clonal plants. The leading cultivar ‘Yabukita’ is grown in 74% of the total tea production area. With the growth of the Japanese economy after the mid-1950’s, many people living in agricultural areas moved to urban areas and mechanical harvesting was introduced to overcome the labor shortage problem. Clonal cultivars were also introduced to make the tea shoot lengths and budding times uniform and to prevent degradation of tea quality. The daily wage for tea pluckers is about $100.
Accelerating the adoption of sustainable coffee-cattle integrated farming system
Authors: Wulandari S , Ardana I K , Massinai R , Hartati Rr S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The agricultural system in the watershed is mostly based on monoculture system. Where it has not been connected between farms that produce biomass, biomass processing industries, waste management, water utilization, energy generation, and soil conservation. This condition raises problems, for instance: (1) low productivity and quality of product, (2) un-used waste, and (3) dependence on external inputs. The coffee-livestock integration system is an approach that builds explicitly between biomass-producing agriculture, biomass processing industries, waste management, water use, energy generation, and soil nutrient conservation so that an integrated farming system (IFS) is sustainable. Even combines the crop farming system with livestock synergistically, that form an effective, efficient, and environmentally system, the level of its adoption is still low. The purpose of this study is to analyse the factors influenced adoption of the coffee-cattle integration system (CCIS) and formulate recommendations for its acceleration by using SWOT analysis. Result showed that the determinants of CCIS adoption are: farmer preference, financial resources, agro ecosystem, market incentives, as well risk and uncertainty. Acceleration of adoption at the farm level can be done through (1) assistance in implementation; and (2) provision of agricultural facilities and infrastructure as well as agricultural machinery equipment.
The production and tolerance level of 22 accessions of Sukabumi robusta coffee to water stress
Authors: Izzah N K , Pranowo D , Wardiana E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Extensification of the Robusta coffee to enhance national productivity can be expanded to marginal areas with limited soil water. Robusta coffee clones that have a good tolerance for these conditions are needed. This study aimed to evaluate production and tolerance level of 22 Sukabumi Robusta coffee accessions to water stress. The study was conducted in a greenhouse at Pakuwon Experimental Station, altitude of 450 m asl with Latosol type of soil and B type of climate according to Schmidt and Fergusson classification, start from January 2015 until July 2016. Randomized complete block design with 22 treatments of Robusta coffee accessions and two replications was performed. Variables observed were the height of seedlings, number of leaves, and diameter of stems at 15 and 45 days after water stress treatment (DAS), as well as the percentage of viable seedlings at 60 and 75 DAS. The results showed that seven Robusta coffee accessions were classified as high production accessions (ROS 212, 335, 337, 508, 514, 519, and ROS 520), while two accessions were classified as tolerant to water stress (ROS 010 and ROS 507). However, there is no accession that classified as high production and tolerant to water stress.
Improving the growth of clove seedlings by the application of seaweed waste as organic fertilizers
Authors: Rusmin D , Basmal J , Kusumawati R , Darwati I 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
One of the problems in providing quality clove seedlings is slow growth of clove seedlings and the unavailability of technology that can accelerate seedling growth for planting. Based on this, research has been carried out which aims to obtain the concentration and frequency of providing appropriate seaweed organic fertilizer to accelerate seedling growth. The experiment was arranged in a two-factor factorial design, four replications. The first factor were 7 concentrations of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer (SLF): 0, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, and 1500 ppm, and the second factor were frequency of application of 2 and 3 times every 4 weeks. The parameters observed were seedling growth (seedling height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, root length and root volume), chlorophyll content, wet and dry biomass weight (leaves, stems, and roots). The results showed that seaweed from Euchema cottonii can improve the growth of clove seedlings. The E. cottonii seaweed in 1250 ppm concentration and two times every 4 weeks can improve the growth of clove seedlings
Reducing aflatoxin contamination of nutmeg using drying methods
Authors: Sembiring B. , Supriadi  , Ediningsih  
Published: January 2020

AbstractIndonesia’s export of nutmeg to Europe decreases in recent years due to aflatoxins contamination. The study aimed to evaluate four methods of drying nutmeg. The drying methods tested were a fiber-house type with a solar energy source, a hot-box type equipped with a fan heater, drying on bamboo trays. The unshelled nutmeg seeds were dried until vibrated if shaken and shelled. The temperature, humidity, moisture, oil and aflatoxins contents were analysed. The fiber-house and the electric hot-box types dried the seeds faster (2-3 days) compared with the traditional rack methods either uncovered (6-7 days) or covered (5-6 days). The moisture content of the dried seeds was <10% and the total aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) <5 μg/kg. Higher aflatoxins found from the uncovered drying seeds, i.e. aflatoxin B1 (302.73 μg/kg), aflatoxin B2 (10.41 μg/kg), aflatoxin G1 (70.73 μg/kg), aflatoxin G2 (76.73 μg/kg), and the total aflatoxin was 389.97 μg/kg. The oil and oleoresin contents of the dried nutmeg fulfilled the standards (11.85% and 11.73%, respectively). This study implies that the drying method with direct sunlight is not recommended. For larger-scale farmers and exporters, the solar house dryer type is recomended.
Inheritance pattern of endosperm quantity and Kopyor coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) fruit variations
Authors: Setiawan A , Rahayu M S , Maskromo I , Purwito A , Sudarsono  
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Although genetic resources of Kopyor coconut exists in Agom Jaya district, South Lampung regency, information about their fruit characteristic variations are limited. Hence, genetic inheritance patterns for endosperm quantity characters is not exist. Fruit characteristic variations and endosperm quantity inheritance patterns are important for Kopyor coconut improvement. We reported the Kopyor coconut fruit variations, fruit character correlations and endosperm quantity genetic control. Endosperm quantity was determined using standard scoring, ranged from 1 (low quantity, the same endosperm as normal coconut) to 9 (high quantity). Out of the 254 Kopyor fruits evaluated, the ones having endosperm quantity score 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 51.0%, 18.7%, 13.5%, and 7.6% while those having score 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 were 4.4%, 3.6%, 0.4%, 0.4%, and 0.4%, respectively. Fruit characters having the highest coefficient of variation (CV) was fruit sizes (CV = 75.2) while the lowest was the shell weight (CV = 18%). A positive correlation was observed between score of endosperm quantity and weight of endosperm. On the other hand, the score of endosperm quantity was negatively correlated with the volume of coconut water. The endosperm quantity was genetically control by a duplicate dominant epistasis.
Smart farming on pepper for fertilizers recommendation in Bangka Belitung
Authors: Hartono A , Barus B , Tejo R K , Rostiana O , Manohara D , Wahyuno D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Bangka Belitung, Indonesia was once known for pepper production before farmers switched to tin mining. Pepper plantations are still cultivated by individual farmers and significantly occupying large areas. It is necessary to provide fertilizer recommendations for farmers which is easily to be accessed. In the program of SpiceUp, farmers can simply inform the coordinates of their agricultural land so that farmers can obtain data on soil properties and fertilizer recommendations. Land units were developed and representative soil samples with the depth of 0-30 cm were collected in each land units. By using the soil data and nutrients absorption and put the loss factor of fertilizers the formula for fertilizers recommendation in each points were developed. The final productions were map of N, P, K and other nutrients status and map of fertilizers recommendation for N, P and K. These information were stored in the database centre. By sending the coordinates of their lands, the database centre sends the information for their soils nutrient status and N, P and K fertilizers recommendation. By developing this system, it is expected agriculture 4.0 could be reached by pepper farmers in Bangka Belitung for fertilizers application.
Management of endophytic bacteria and organic material for the biological control of yellowing disease on pepper
Authors: Munif A , Harni R 
Published: January 2020

AbstractYellowing disease caused by plant-parasitic nematodes have been recognized as potentially serious constraints to crop productivity on pepper. The use of chemical pesticide in agriculture in Indonesia for controlling plant diseases are still the most preferred way by farmers. Therefore, alternative control strategies for plant pest and diseases that are cheap and environmentally friendly needs to be developed. It is widely recognized that organic matter can improve soil quality and ecosystem health. In many cases, organic matter and microorganism can reduce plant losses caused by soil borne pathogens. However, little information is available about the influence of combination of organic material and bacterial endophytes on the severity of yellowing disease in pepper. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of formulation of endophytic bacteria in combination with organic material against yellowing disease on pepper. Selected endophytic bacteria isolated from pepper and organic material were used in this experiments. The results showed that biological agents of endophytic bacteria and organic material are effective in controlling plant parasitic nematodes and stimulate the plant growth of pepper. Combination of endophytic bacteria and organic material may be one component for nematode control in pepper.
Response of bululawang sugarcane variety to salt stress
Authors: Yunita R , Hartati R S , Suhesti S , Syafaruddin  
Published: January 2020

Abstract
At present, the development of sugar cane is directed at saline land but salinity provides a bad effect on the growth of sugarcane. The impact of salinity on sugar cane plants is hamper its growth and decrease the yield to 37%. This study aimed to determine the response of sugarcane shoots of Bululawang variety to salt stress (salinity). A series of four concentrations of NaCl (0 Mm, 50mM, 100mM and 150 mM) was used to treat 1 week old plantlet. The research was arranged in a complete randomized design with 20 replicates. The results showed that sugarcane growth was inhibited including length of the root, height of shoots, wet and dry roots and shoots weight were decreased by NaCl treatment. Damage symptoms due to salinity were more pronounced at NaCl concentrations above 100 mM.
Isozyme banding patterns of drought tolerant sugarcane putative mutants
Authors: Suhesti S , Khumaida N , Syukur M , Wattimena GA , Husni A , Hartati Rr S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Genetic characterization based on isozyme is useful for plant breeding studies. Isozyme marker may be used to understand genetic variability of irradiated plant. The objective of this research was to recognise banding pattern variabilities of 34 putative irradiated mutants that survival drought screening, based on isozyme analysis. The research was conducted in Maret – April 2015 in Biology Laboratory, PAU IPB Bogor. Vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyse three enzymes: peroxidase (PER), Esterase (EST), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AAT). Isozyme analysis was carried out on gamma rays irradiated mutants of sugarcane “Kidang Kencana” that have been selected for drought tolerant. The result showed that there was a genetic variability on 34 putative mutant of drought tolerant sugarcane, that was shown by polymorphic banding patterns on PER and EST enzymes. AAT was monomorphic, no variation was shown amongs the mutants. PER enzyme had 17 banding patterns and EST enzyme had 7 banding patterns. Dendogram based on PER and EST on 34 putative mutants could be grouped into two clusters at 81.14% genetic similirity. The isozime analysis can be used as a specific identifier of a new mutant that will be developed as new varieties.
Development of high yielding sugarcane varieties for rainfed areas: yield multilocation trial of promising sugarcane clones
Authors: Heliyanto B , Djumali  , Abdurrakhman  , Syakir M , Sugiyarta E , Cholid M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Two promising new sugarcane clones PS 05-370 and PS 06-103 along with control varieties were evaluated for the stability of their performance at ten locations across three years. Parameters observed include cane yield in tonnes cane per hectare (TCH), sugar content or commercial cane sugar (CCS) in %, and sugar yield in tonnes sugar per hectare (TSH). Significant differences were observed in genotypes and locations x genotypes interactions for TCH, CCS and TSH. Additive Main Effect Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) stability analysis showed that these two sugarcane clones are specific location; grown in inceptisol soil with C3 climate type (Oldeman), sugar productivity (TSH) of PS 05-370 and PS 06-103 increased by 17-21%, compared to standard control variety PS 881. These two promising clones are early to mid maturing varieties and therefore, are recommended to be harvested earlier, to fill up the need for crushed material in the beginning of the milling season.