bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Very Low Residual Dystrophin Quantity Is Associated with Milder Dystrophinopathy
Authors: de Feraudy Yvan , Ben Yaou Rabah , Wahbi Karim , Stalens Caroline , Stantzou Amalia , Laugel Vincent , Desguerre Isabelle ,   for the FILNEMUS Network, Servais Laurent , Leturcq France , Amthor Helge 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to determine whether a low residual quantity of dystrophin protein is associated with delayed clinical milestones in patients with DMD mutations.MethodsWe performed a retrospective multicentric cohort study by using molecular and clinical data from patients with DMD mutations registered in the Universal Mutation Database–DMD France database. Patients with intronic, splice site, or nonsense DMD mutations, with available muscle biopsy Western blot data, were included irrespective of whether they presented with severe Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) or milder Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). Patients were separated into 3 groups based on dystrophin protein levels. Clinical outcomes were ages at appearance of first symptoms; loss of ambulation; fall in vital capacity and left ventricular ejection fraction; interventions such as spinal fusion, tracheostomy, and noninvasive ventilation; and death.ResultsOf 3,880 patients with DMD mutations, 90 with mutations of interest were included. Forty‐two patients expressed no dystrophin (group A), and 31 of 42 (74%) developed DMD. Thirty‐four patients had dystrophin quantities < 5% (group B), and 21 of 34 (61%) developed BMD. Fourteen patients had dystrophin quantities ≥ 5% (group C), and all but 4 who lost ambulation beyond 24 years of age were ambulant. Dystrophin quantities of <5%, as low as <0.5%, were associated with milder phenotype for most of the evaluated clinical outcomes, including age at loss of ambulation (p < 0.001).InterpretationVery low residual dystrophin protein quantity can cause a shift in disease phenotype from DMD toward BMD. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:280–292
Role of in‐situ polymethyl‐methacrylate in addition type silicone rubber with specific reference to adhesion and damping properties
Authors: Huang Bin , Dai Lina , Chen Ziqi , Zhao Yan , Gao Xiyin , Wang Qian , Xie Zemin , Zhang Zhijie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHerein, a strategy of embedding in‐situ polymethyl‐methacrylate (PMMA) domains in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) networks is proposed to enhance adhesive and damping properties of addition type silicone rubber (SR). PMMA domains improve the modulus of SR (at room temperature), which is stronger correlated to its adhesive performance, according to the Griffith criterion. Besides, the damping performance at high temperature is provided by the glass transition of thermoplastic PMMA. The PMMA/SR blends are obtained by the crosslink of PMMA and vinyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (vi‐PDMS) liquid blends with polymethylhydrosiloxane, and the PMMA/vi‐PDMS liquid blends are prepared by in‐situ radical polymerization of methyl‐methacrylate (MMA) in vi‐PDMS with toluene as compatibilizer. Effects of disperse speed, compatibilizer content, and PMMA proportion on the morphologies and properties of PMMA/SR blends are studied. Small PMMA domains (around 800 nm) in PMMA/vi‐PDMS blends with narrow size distribution and well dispersion are formed at appropriate disperse speed (100–300 rpm) and abundant compatibilizer content (~100 wt% refers to vi‐PDMS). The blends with 20 wt% PMMA possess tensile strength over 8 MPa and lap shear strength over 5 MPa to stainless steel. And the blends with 50 wt% PMMA show good damping properties with tan δ over 0.15 at temperature range from −50 to 150°C. Tg‐PMMA moves slightly to lower temperature with less PMMA embedded, but Tg‐PDMS remained stable relatively.
Intentions
Authors: Morwitz Vicki G. , Munz Kurt P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntentions are one of the most widely used constructs in consumer research. We review over 50 years of research that has helped us understand what intentions are, their antecedents and consequences, and how best to measure and use them as a proxy for or predictor of behavior. We define intentions and differentiate them from other closely relatedly psychological constructs. We review several psychological theories where intentions play a central role and highlight what is known about the strength of the intention–behavior relationship, and factors that moderate the strength of that relationship. We also review more methodological research and discuss what is known about how to best measure intentions and use them to predict behavior. Finally, we suggest opportunities for continued research on intentions and discuss their continued relevance in a world of big data.
Cognitive frailty as a predictor of adverse outcomes among older adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bu ZiHan , Huang AnLe , Xue MengTing , Li QingYun , Bai YaMei , Xu GuiHua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveA systematic review and meta‐analysis basing on the prospective cohort studies were conducted to explore the risk of all‐cause mortality and dementia in cognitively frail older adults compared to robust older adults and to determine whether it was a predictor of adverse outcomes.MethodsPubmed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases were searched to retrieve studies on adverse outcomes of cognitive frailty. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Stata 15.0 Software was used to perform the meta‐analysis. The all‐cause mortality and dementia were observed to be the primary outcomes, while the other data were considered as the secondary outcome.ResultsA total of 14 studies were included in qualitative analysis and 12 studies were included in the meta‐analysis, with low risk of bias and moderate to good methodological quality. The results showed that cognitive frailty in older people had a higher risk of all‐cause mortality [HR = 1.93, 95%CI (1.67, 2.23), p < .001] and dementia [HR = 3.66, 95%CI (2.86, 4.70) as compared with robust. The subgroup analysis showed that the assessment tools were the main source of heterogeneity.ConclusionIn older adults living in communities, the cognitive frailty was found to be a significant predictor of all‐cause mortality and dementia. Nonetheless, cognitive frailty was found to be a better predictor of all‐cause mortality and dementia than just frailty.
Mixing qualitative methods versus methodologies: A critical reflection on communication and power in inpatient care
Authors: O'Reilly Michelle , Kiyimba Nikki , Drewett Alison 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper offers an illustrative example to demonstrate one way of combining qualitative methods. The context for the study was a UK inpatient psychiatric hospital. Data set one was collected from weekly ward rounds where inpatient staff met with autistic patients to review medication, listen to patient concerns and make plans or adjustments in light of this. Data set two was reflective discursive interviews with patients and staff. The research objective was to critically consider the potential reasons for discrepancies in dissatisfaction reports from patients in the interviews, compared to relative compliance exhibited by patients in the ward rounds. Utilising a video‐reflexive design and critical discursive psychology approach, both data sets were analysed together. It is possible to simultaneously analyse two different data sets, one naturally occurring and one researcher generated because of the epistemological congruence in the overall design. We have presented an argument for the benefits of mixing two qualitative methods, thereby extending the mixed‐methods evidence base beyond the traditional discussions of quantitative and qualitative paradigms.
The Role of Para Social Workers in Rural Communities in Uganda: Strengthening Community Resilience for the Protection of Children
Authors: Driscoll Jennifer J. 
Published: November 2020

Para social workers (PSWs) are widely used in African nations to address inadequate capacity in the professional workforce, but there is to date very little academic commentary on the effectiveness of their role. This article considers the potential efficacy of the PSW model in strengthening child protection at community level in Uganda. Twenty interviews were conducted with local government officers, civil society organisation staff and PSWs (10 in each of 2 rural areas), together with four supplementary expert interviews. The data were analysed using a framework of community resilience. The findings suggest that the model has considerable potential to strengthen community‐level protection of children in circumstances in which the operation of formal systems is limited by resource constraints and outside interventions may struggle to gain understanding and acceptance within communities. Challenges include the potential for conflicts of interest to arise and the implications of increased reporting of child maltreatment for the response of the formal child protection system, including alternative care arrangements. Given its widespread and developing usage, further research to understand the conditions under which the PSW model is most effective and sustainable in different social, economic, political and cultural contexts is essential.‘This article considers the potential efficacy of the PSW [para social worker] model in strengthening child protection at community level in Uganda’Key Practitioner Messages

PSWs can provide significant additional capacity to community‐level child protection arrangements at little cost in a culturally appropriate fashion.
A key strength of the PSW model lies in its potential to regenerate community resources through the engagement of community members.
Developing sustainable community‐based child protection arrangements requires that attention is paid to balancing fiscal considerations against community ownership and also the response of the formal child protection system to increased reporting of child maltreatment.
Coronary thrombosis due to heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia after percutaneous coronary intervention: Easy to miss, uneasy to prevent
Authors: Mele Marco , Iacoviello Massimo , Casavecchia Grazia , Tricarico Lucia , Brunetti Natale Daniele 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn case of unexplained post‐PCI coronary thrombosis, a HIT should be always considered. A pragmatic approach with bivalirudin may be reasonable, even in absence of confirmed laboratory diagnosis.
Active Edge Site Exposed β‐Ni(OH)2 Nanosheets on Stainless Steel Mesh as a Versatile Electrocatalyst for the Oxidation of Urea, Hydrazine, and Water
Authors: Kashale Anil A. , Ghule Anil V. , Chen I‐Wen Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnergy generation through electrochemical conversion while addressing the environmental concerns has always been the topic of interest to the scientific community. Particularly, the development of low‐cost and efficient electrocatalyst gained attention for large‐scale energy and clean‐energy production. But now the emphasis is on developing low‐cost and efficient electrocatalyst materials that show more than one electrocatalytic reactions. Hence, we have developed a highly porous and active edge plane exposed β‐Ni(OH)2 nanosheet on low‐cost and flexible stainless‐steel mesh (SSM) and investigated its catalytic activity for oxidation of urea, hydrazine, and water. The as‐prepared β‐Ni(OH)2/SSM demonstrates the excellent catalytic activity towards the urea oxidation reaction (UOR), hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR), and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with potential lower than the 1.45 V vs. RHE, 1.34 V vs. RHE, and 1.51 V vs. RHE at 50 mA/cm2 current density, respectively. Furthermore, the as‐prepared electrocatalyst demonstrates excellent stability in UOR, HzOR, and OER for long time. The promising electrocatalytic activity of as‐prepared β‐Ni(OH)2/SSM electrocatalyst is attributed to the highly porous, and edge plane exposed binder‐free thin nanosheets grown on SSM, which also adds to the mechanical structure stability and a large amount of mass transportation during electrocatalytic activity.
Multinational enterprises and strategic actions in emerging economy contexts: From conformity to institutional entrepreneurship
Authors: Seifzadeh Pouya , Derayati Ehsan , Radnejad Amir Bahman 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis research explores the broader set of strategic actions of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in emerging markets in response to institutional forces. We re‐examine the effect of MNEs on changing institutions in host countries and conceptualize a theoretical model of institutionalization and institutional change initiated by MNEs in emerging economy contexts. In our two‐stage approach, we build on an inductive study to explore MNEs' strategic actions and their institutional settings. We then conduct repertory grid analysis to analyze face‐to‐face interviews with mid‐level and senior managers of subsidiaries of eight major MNEs. We identify distinctive categories of strategic action taken by MNEs to respond to facets of their institutional environment, depending on the restrictiveness/openness of their institutional environment, and their self‐perceived organizational strength.
Mortality differences among patients with in‐hospital ST‐elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Shahandeh Negeen , Dai Xuming , Jaski Brian , Dave Ravi , Jacobs Alice , Denktas Ali , Levine Glenn , Markovic Daniela , Smith Sidney C. , Press Marcella Calfon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn‐hospital ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is associated with a higher mortality rate than out‐of‐hospital STEMI. Quality measures and universal protocols for treatment of in‐hospital STEMI do not exist, likely contributing to delays in recognition and treatment.HypothesisTo analyze differences in mortality among three subsets of patients who develop in‐hospital STEMI.MethodsThis was a multicenter, retrospective observational study of patients who developed in‐hospital STEMI at six United States medical centers between 2008 and 2017. Patients were stratified into three groups: (1) cardiac, (2) periprocedure, or (3) noncardiac/nonpostprocedure. Outcomes examined include time from electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition to cardiac catheterization lab arrival (ECG‐to‐CCL) and survival to discharge.ResultsWe identified 184 patients with in‐hospital STEMI (mean age 68.7 years, 58.7% male). Group 1 (cardiac) patients had a shorter average ECG‐to‐CCL time (69 minutes) than group 2 (periprocedure, 215 minutes) and group 3 (noncardiac/nonpostprocedure, 199 minutes). Compared to group 1, survival to discharge was lower for group 2 (OR 0.33, P = .102) and group 3 (OR 0.20, P = .016). After adjusting for prespecified covariates, the relationship between group and survival showed a similar trend but did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsPatients who develop in‐hospital STEMI in the context of a preceding procedure or noncardiac illness appear to have longer reperfusion times and higher in‐hospital mortality than patients admitted with cardiac diagnoses. Larger studies are warranted to further investigate these observations. Health systems should place an increased emphasis on developing quality metrics and implementing quality improvement initiatives to improve outcomes for in‐hospital STEMI.
Code generation for energy‐efficient execution of dynamic streaming task graphs on parallel and heterogeneous platforms
Authors: Litzinger Sebastian , Keller Jörg 
Published: November 2020

SummaryStreaming task graphs are high‐level specifications for parallel applications operating on streams of data. For a static task graph structure, static schedulers can be used to map the tasks onto a parallel platform to minimize energy consumption for given throughput. We introduce dynamic elements into the task graph structure, thus specifying applications which adapt behavior at runtime, for example, switching from check‐only to active mode. This in turn necessitates a runtime system that can remap tasks and potentially adapt their degree of parallelism in case of a dynamic change of the task structure. We provide a toolchain and evaluate our prototype with streaming task graphs both synthetic and from a real application. We find that we meet throughput requirements with <3.5% energy overhead on average compared with an optimal static scheduler based on integer linear programming. Runtime overhead for remapping is negligible and application runtime and energy are accurately predicted. We also outline how to extend our system to a heterogeneous platform.
Participatory selection of CWR‐derived salt‐tolerant rice lines adapted to the coastal zone of the Mekong Delta
Authors: Tin Huynh Quang , Loi Nguyen Huu , Bjornstad Åsmund , Kilian Benjamin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClimate change is affecting agricultural production in the coastal areas of the Mekong Delta through the intrusion of salinity into the rice (Oryzaspp.) fields, where farmers cultivate photoperiod‐sensitive rice varieties with long growth duration and low grain yields. A set of 12 stable crop wild relative (CWR)‐derived rice lines with introgressions from wild riceOryza rufipogonGriffiths andO. nivaraS.D. Sharma & Shastry was evaluated for their phenotypic response to salinity tolerance by a participatory selection approach on farm in the Phuoc Long and Gia Rai districts, Bac Lieu province. The evaluation of the results showed that four lines derived from CWR are well adapted to the local environmental conditions, with high grain yield (>6.5 t ha−1), early maturity, and short plant height. These CWR‐derived lines were adopted by farmers and proposed for testing on a larger scale in different areas of the coastal zone.
Spatially explicit removal strategies increase the efficiency of invasive plant species control
Authors: Eppinga Maarten B. , Baudena Mara , Haber Elizabeth A. , Rietkerk Max , Wassen Martin J. , Santos Maria J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEffective management strategies are needed to control expansion of invasive alien plant species and attenuate economic and ecological impacts. While previous theoretical studies have assessed optimal control strategies that balance economic costs and ecological benefits, less attention has been paid to the ways in which the spatial characteristics of individual patches may mediate the effectiveness of management strategies. We developed a spatially explicit cellular automaton model for invasive species spread, and compared the effectiveness of seven control strategies. These control strategies used different criteria to prioritize the removal of invasive species patches from the landscape. The different criteria were related to patch size, patch geometry, and patch position within the landscape. Effectiveness of strategies was assessed for both seed dispersing and clonally expanding plant species. We found that, for seed‐dispersing species, removal of small patches and removal of patches that are isolated within the landscape comprised relatively effective control strategies. For clonally expanding species, removal of patches based on their degree of isolation and their geometrical properties comprised relatively effective control strategies. Subsequently, we parameterized the model to mimic the observed spatial distribution of the invasive species Antigonon leptopus on St. Eustatius (northern Caribbean). This species expands clonally and also disperses via seeds, and model simulations showed that removal strategies focusing on smaller patches that are more isolated in the landscape would be most effective and could increase the effectiveness of a 10‐yr control strategy by 30–90%, as compared to random removal of patches. Our study emphasizes the potential for invasive plant species management to utilize recent advances in remote sensing, which enable mapping of invasive species at the high spatial resolution needed to quantify patch geometries. The presented results highlight how this spatial information can be used in the design of more effective invasive species control strategies.
The association of traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder with greater eating disorder and comorbid symptom severity in residential eating disorder treatment centers
Authors: Brewerton Timothy D. , Perlman Molly M. , Gavidia Ismael , Suro Giulia , Genet Jessica , Bunnell Douglas W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTraumatic events, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related symptoms are commonly associated with eating disorders (ED). Several clinical features indicative of a more severe and complex course have been associated with traumatized ED patients, especially those with PTSD, who may be more likely admitted to residential treatment (RT). Research in this population is sparse but of increasing interest.MethodAdult participants (96.7% female) with EDs entering RT (n = 642) at seven sites in the U.S. completed validated self‐report assessments of ED, PTSD, major depression, state–trait anxiety, and quality of life. Presumptive diagnoses of DSM‐5 PTSD (PTSD+) were made via the Life Events Checklist‐5 and the PTSD Symptom Checklist for DSM‐5.ResultsPTSD+ occurred in 49.3% of patients. PTSD+ patients had significantly higher scores on all assessment measures (p ≤ .001), including measures of ED psychopathology, depression, state–trait anxiety, and quality of life. Those with PTSD+ had significantly higher numbers of lifetime traumatic event types, higher rates of almost all lifetime traumatic events, and a greater propensity toward binge‐type EDs.DiscussionResults confirm that ED‐PTSD+ patients in RT are more symptomatic and have worse quality of life than ED patients without PTSD+. Integrated treatment approaches that effectively address ED‐PTSD+ are greatly needed.
Outcomes of a higher calorie inpatient refeeding protocol in Asian adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Davis Courtney , Hong Wei Jie Nicholas , Zhang Stella Letian , Quek Wei Ern Grace , Lim Jie Kai Ethel , Oh Jean Yin , Rajasegaran Kumudhini , Chew Chu Shan Elaine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to compare the outcomes of higher calorie refeeding (HCR) and a lower calorie refeeding (LCR) methods among a diverse sample of young Asian adolescents admitted to a tertiary institution in Asia for management of anorexia nervosa (AN).MethodThis is a retrospective case control study of Asian adolescents who were managed using an inpatient HCR protocol (2016–2017) and an LCR protocol (2010–2014). Baseline characteristics, daily change in percent median body mass index (%mBMI), and rates of refeeding hypophosphatemia were analyzed between groups.ResultsA total of 125 adolescents with AN were analyzed with 61 (52%) patients in the HCR group. Mean age was 14.0 years (SD =1.5) and mean presenting %mBMI was 73.2 (SD =6.9) with mean length of stay of 11.9 days (SD = 6.6). Patients in the HCR group had significantly increased rate of change of %mBMI (M = 0.39, SD = 0.31) than patients in the LCR group (M = 0.12, SD = 0.43) (p < .001). There was an increased rate of mild hypophosphatemia in the HCR group (HCR: 46%, LCR: 22%, p = .007) but no difference in rates of moderate hypophosphatemia and no cases of severe hypophosphataemia. Lower presenting %mBMI significantly predicted the phosphate levels (p = .004).DiscussionIn a sample of Asian adolescents with AN, use of an HCR protocol was associated with improved rate of inpatient weight gain. There was increased risk of mild hypophosphataemia, but not moderate to severe hypophosphataemia, suggesting that an HCR protocol can be used safely with close monitoring of phosphate levels.