bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergism of three botanical termiticides as wood protectants against subterranean termites, Macrotermes subhyalinus (Rambur, 1842)
Authors: Oladipo-nee Ajayi Olufunmilayo Eunice , Oyeniyi Emmanuel Ayobami , Elijah Odunayo Aimakhede 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe increased interest in the harmful effects of most chemical pesticides on the ecosystem has continually served as an impetus to search for safer and eco-friendly pesticides from plant origin. In this study, the termiticidal potentials of extract mixtures ofAzadirachta indica(A. Juss.),Nicotiana tabacum(L.), andJatropha curcas(L.) againstMacrotermes subhyalinus(Rambur, 1842) infestingTriplochiton scleroxylon(K. Schum) wood blocks were investigated in the field (open and under shade) and laboratory conditions. Weight loss in wood blocks, level of wood damage, and termite mortality were used as indices of wood protection potential of the botanical mixtures. The level of repellent ability of the extracts mixture was also determined. For the laboratory bioassays, ten termites (worker/soldier) were used per treatment and each treatment was replicated thrice. Profile of components of the three mixtures was also obtained using head space–solid-phase micro-extraction, gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometry (HS-SPME, GC-MS) analysis.ResultsExtracts ofA.indicaplusN.tabacumachieved 100% mortality of worker within 4 h while those ofN.tabacumplusJ.curcasandA.indicaplusN.tabacumplusJ.curcasachieved 100% mortality of termites at 6 h post-treatment. Also, extract ofA.indicaplusN.tabacumandA.indicaplusN.tabacumplusJ.curcasevoked 100% mortality of soldier termites at 6 h. Termites exposed toN.tabacumplusJ.curcasfor 1, 2, 3, and 4 h were the most repelled at 73, 87, 73, and 73%, respectively. The extract ofJ.curcasplusA.indicaplusN.tabacumoffered the highest protection against termite damage in the open field (6.17%). The botanicals were ineffective under shade. Insecticidal compounds like (S)-3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl) pyridine; Methyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid; (Z, Z)-9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid; Anthracene; 2-Hydroxy-Cyclopentadecanone; and n-Hexadecanoic acid were found in the extracts.ConclusionThese results suggest that the botanical mixtures could confer some protection against termites. Also, the knowledge about the components and varied level of potency under different conditions may be vital in developing biorationals againstM.subhyalinus.
Comparison of target controlled infusion and manual infusion of propofol for sedation in spinal anesthesia
Authors: Arslan Gülten , Sezen Özlem 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of sedation during surgery under spinal anesthesia with propofol using target-controlled infusion versus manual infusion regarding sedation, hemodynamics, recovery pattern, and patient and surgeon satisfaction.

Subjects and methods
This prospective randomized controlled study was performed on 60 ASA I–III patients enrolled for elective surgery under spinal anesthesia. They received propofol infusion for intraoperative sedation using target-controlled infusion or manually. The target-controlled infusion group (n = 30) received propofol with the target-controlled infusion system (Schnider’s model) with the initial target plasma concentration set at 1.5 μg ml−1. The manual infusion group (n = 30) received propofol manually in a bolus of 0.5 mg kg−1 and in maintenance doses of 1.5 mg kg−1 h−1. In both groups, the anesthesiologist adjusted to increase or decrease the infusion rate by 0.2 μg ml−1 to maintain an Observer’s Assessment of Alertness and Sedation Scale of 3–4. We recorded the amount of propofol, hemodynamics, sedation scores, VAS, BIS, patient’s and surgeon’s satisfaction, recovery pattern, and side effects.

Results
Compared with the manual infusion group, the target-controlled infusion group had a faster time to reach OAAS/3 (7.2 ± 3.47 min for the target-controlled infusion group vs 5.8 ± 1.50 min for the manual infusion group; p = 0.04) and recovery time (5.1 ± 1.70 min vs 3.6 ± 1.09 min; p < 0.001); deeper BIS levels in the 10th, 20th, and 30th minutes (p = 0.04, p = 0.03, p = 0.05); and deeper Observer’s Assessment of Alertness and Sedation Scale in the 10th and 40th minutes (p = 0.05, p = 0.03), and more surgeon’s satisfaction (p = 0.05).

Conclusion
It was concluded that propofol at the same doses administered with target-controlled infusion for sedation during spinal anesthesia could be preferred due to faster sedation and recovery and more patient’s satisfaction compared to manual infusion.
Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Bilezikian John P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by hypocalcemia and low or undetectable levels of parathyroid hormone.

Methods
This review is an evidence-based summary of hypoparathyroidism in terms of relevant pathophysiological, clinical, and therapeutic concepts.

Results
Many clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism are due to the lack of the physiological actions of parathyroid hormone on its 2 major target organs: the skeleton and the kidney. The skeleton is inactive, accruing bone without remodeling it. The kidneys lose the calcium-conserving actions of parathyroid hormone and, thus, excrete a greater fraction of calcium. Biochemical manifestations, besides hypocalcemia and low or undetectable levels of parathyroid hormone, include hyperphosphatemia and low levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Calcifications in the kidney, brain, and other soft tissues are common. Removal of, or damage to, the parathyroid glands at the time of anterior neck surgery is, by far, the most likely etiology. Autoimmune destruction of the parathyroid glands and other genetic causes represent most of the other etiologies. Conventional treatment with calcium and active vitamin D can maintain the serum calcium level but high doses may be required, adding to the risk of long-term soft tissue calcifications. The advent of replacement therapy with recombinant human PTH(1-84) represents a major step in the therapeutics of this disease.

Conclusions
Advances in our knowledge of hypoparathyroidism have led to greater understanding of the disease itself and our approach to it.
Long-term Effects of Radioiodine in Toxic Multinodular Goiter: Thyroid Volume, Function, and Autoimmunity
Authors: Roque Catarina , Santos Francisco Sousa , Pilli Tania , Dalmazio Gilda , Castagna Maria Grazia , Pacini Furio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractContextLong-term studies evaluating the treatment of toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG) with fixed activities of radioiodine (RAI) are lacking.ObjectiveThe objective of this work is to describe the effects of 15 mCi on thyroid volume, function, and autoimmunity in the long term.Design and SettingA population-based, retrospective analysis with up to 12 years of follow-up was conducted in Siena, Italy.ParticipantsAdult patients (n = 153) with TMNG, naive to RAI, were included.MethodsEvaluation was performed of thyroid function, antithyroid antibodies, and ultrasound scans before and yearly after RAI.Main Outcome MeasuresEvaluations included hyperthyroidism cure, hypothyroidism, volume reduction, nadir and regain, and antibody titer change.ResultsThe study revealed mean volume reductions greater than or equal to 50% at 3 years after RAI; the greatest annual reduction was observed during the first year (30 ± 17.8%; P &lt; .001). Most patients (60%) achieved their volume nadir 3 to 6 years after RAI. Although 22% patients showed volume regain, the net reduction was statistically significant as late as 9 years after RAI (P = .005). The mean time to hypothyroidism was 2.7 ± 2.4 years, and it was associated with greater reductions in volume (P = .01). During the first 3 years after treatment, hyperthyroid patients decreased approximately by 50% per year without additional RAI. There was no statistically significant association of antibody titers with thyroid function except for antithyrotropin receptor antibodies and hyperthyroidism (P = .004). At the end of follow-up there were 61.6% euthyroid patients, 11% hyperthyroid (4.8% overt), and 27.4% hypothyroid patients (2.7% overt). Hyperthyroidism was cured in 89%.ConclusionsThe treatment of TMNG with 15 mCi of RAI induced low hypothyroidism rates while providing high cure rates and significant volume reduction, which was maintained in the long term.
Lateness and Lessness
Authors: Brazil Kevin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe work of Don DeLillo and Philip Roth has been characterized as a turn to writing novels about lateness in a style that for both authors tends toward “less and less.” Their work manifests a relationship between lateness and style that departs both from canonical accounts of late style and from Theodor W. Adorno’s and Edward Said’s theories of late style as ironic anachronism. By conveying in prose style the relative decline and the contingent reduction that for Roth and DeLillo define lateness as a temporality, their novels find in lessness a motivated style for lateness. Furthermore, by reproducing in style the features of a particular historical temporality, their work suggests a method for reading the historicity of temporality through literary style.
Benchmarking of long-read assemblers for prokaryote whole genome sequencing
Authors: Wick Ryan R. , Holt Kathryn E. 
Published: April 2020

Background: Data sets from long-read sequencing platforms (Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Pacific Biosciences) allow for most prokaryote genomes to be completely assembled – one contig per chromosome or plasmid. However, the high per-read error rate of long-read sequencing necessitates different approaches to assembly than those used for short-read sequencing. Multiple assembly tools (assemblers) exist, which use a variety of algorithms for long-read assembly. Methods: We used 500 simulated read sets and 120 real read sets to assess the performance of seven long-read assemblers (Canu, Flye, Miniasm/Minipolish, NECAT, Raven, Redbean and Shasta) across a wide variety of genomes and read parameters. Assemblies were assessed on their structural accuracy/completeness, sequence identity, contig circularisation and computational resources used. Results: Canu v1.9 produced moderately reliable assemblies but had the longest runtimes of all assemblers tested. Flye v2.7 was more reliable and did particularly well with plasmid assembly. Miniasm/Minipolish v0.3 and NECAT v20200119 were the most likely to produce clean contig circularisation. Raven v0.0.8 was the most reliable for chromosome assembly, though it did not perform well on small plasmids and had circularisation issues. Redbean v2.5 and Shasta v0.4.0 were computationally efficient but more likely to produce incomplete assemblies. Conclusions: Of the assemblers tested, Flye, Miniasm/Minipolish and Raven performed best overall. However, no single tool performed well on all metrics, highlighting the need for continued development on long-read assembly algorithms.
Kaasava hariduse tähendus ja tõhusa rakendamise tegurid Eesti kontekstis: õpetajaid koolitavate või nõustavate spetsialistide vaade
Authors: Kivirand Tiina , Leijen Äli , Lepp Liina , Malva Liina 
Published: April 2020

Kaasava hariduse teemalise õpetajakoolituse arendamine on aktuaalne nii Eestis kui ka rahvusvaheliselt. Õpetajate oskuste ja teadmiste kujundamisel on otsustav roll spetsialistidel, kes õpetajaid koolitavad või nõustavad. Seejuures on tähtis, et spetsialistid omaksid ühist arusaama kaasava hariduse tähendusest ning tõhusatest rakendamise viisidest. Siinse uuringu eesmärk oli välja selgitada, kuidas mõistavad õpetajaid koolitavad või nõustavad spetsialistid kaasava hariduse tähendust ja milliseid tegureid nad peavad oluliseks, et tagada kaasava hariduse tõhus rakendumine. Andmeid koguti poolstruktureeritud intervjuudega 15 spetsialistilt. Kvalitatiivse induktiivse sisuanalüüsi tulemused näitasid, et kaasavat haridust mõisteti nii hariduslike erivajadustega laste eraldi õpetamisena eriklassides ja erikoolides kui ka kõigi laste koosõppena. Võtmekomponentidena kaasava hariduse paremal rakendumisel nähti õpetajate koolituse tõhustamist, vajalike ressursside olemasolu, õpetajate toetamist ja motiveerimist ning poolte senisest suuremat koostööd.
Summary
Kaasava hariduse rakendamist toetavate hoiakute kujundamine õpetajakoolituse esmaõppes
Authors: Poom-Valickis Katrin , Ulla Triin 
Published: April 2020

Õpetajakoolitusel on kaalukas roll kujundada tulevastes õpetajates positiivne hoiak kaasava hariduse suhtes ning oskused ja teadmised, et toetada erinevate õppijate õppimist. Siinse uuringu eesmärk oli kaardistada üliõpilaste hoiakuid kaasava hariduse rakendamise suhtes enne ja pärast õpetajate kutseõpingute mooduli õppeaine "Õppe diferentseerimine" läbimist. Lisaks kaardistati kursuse ülesehitusega seotud aspekte, mis toetasid üliõpilaste arvates enim nende arusaamade, oskuste ja hoiakute kujunemist. Eel- ja järelküsitluse tulemuste analüüs näitas, et üliõpilaste hoiakud muutusid kaasava hariduse rakendamise suhtes positiivsemaks ning kasvas usk enda suutlikkusse toetada erinevate õppijate õppimist. Avatud küsimuste vastuste analüüsist selgus, et üliõpilaste tähenduslikku õppimist mõjutas kõige enam õppetöö korraldus, kus teoreetilised teadmised seoti praktilise võimalusega õpitut töös erivajadustega õppijatega rakendada ning kogemust kaasõppijatega reflekteerida.
Summary
Welfare Implications of Inventory-Driven Dynamic Pricing
Authors: Stamatopoulos Ioannis , Chehrazi Naveed , Bassamboo Achal 
Published: April 2020

We argue that dynamic pricing motivated by the management of inventory holding and ordering costs leads to increased operational efficiencies that could benefit firms without hurting consumers. To demonstrate this point, we equip the traditional economic order quantity (EOQ) setting with a rich set of demand models and compare social outcomes under two alternatives, dynamic and static pricing. We show that dynamic pricing generates higher retailer profits, a lower average price per unit sold, and higher sales volumes than static pricing. The mechanism behind the result is that with dynamic pricing the retailer ties the price of each unit to its holding costs, which allows him to increase the order quantity compared with static pricing and thus save on fixed ordering costs. Some of these cost savings are passed to consumers. Moreover, we demonstrate that this mechanism is robust to the presence of price-anticipating (strategic) consumer behavior. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Great Adaptations: Screenwriting and Global Storytelling, Alexis Krasilovsky (2018)
Authors: Lewis Warren 
Published: April 2020

Review of: Great Adaptations: Screenwriting and Global Storytelling, Alexis Krasilovsky (2018)
New York: Focal Press, 259 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-13894-918-8, p/bk, £32.99
Seeing the Italian culture through the eyes of Ferzan Ozpetek: Queers, immigrants, global nomads and the changing nature of Italian society
Authors: Atay Ahmet 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this article, I analyse Ferzan Ozpetek's representation of queer narratives within the changing Italian culture and analyse his fusion of accented and cosmopolitan film aesthetics to narrate the hybrid queer and non-queer identities that his characters embody in three of his films: , and . Due to their multicultural nature, Ozpetek's films often represent in-between and multifaceted characters and exemplify culturally complex dynamic storytelling. I mainly focus on the representation of queer and immigrant identities, displacement and replacement, notions of home and the idea of family.
Bicha travesti worldmaking: Linn da Quebrada's disidentificatory performances of intersectional queerness
Authors: Moreira Raquel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Brazil has one of the highest rates of violence against trans people in the world. It is in this context of dehumanization that the work of self-identified Black travesti artist Linn da Quebrada emerges. In this article, I analyse Linn da Quebrada's performances in three of the artist's official music videos, all released in 2016: 'Talento', 'Enviadescer' and 'Bixa Preta'. After briefly introducing the ideas of embodied translation and disidentifications, I analyse Linn da Quebrada's survival strategies in terms of simultaneous rejection of cis-masculinity and the embracing of queer femininity, resulting in a bicha travesti worldmaking; a world in which travestis of colour are fully human. Ultimately, Linn da Quebrada's disidentificatory performances concomitantly suggest a mode of survival and a vehicle for structural change, both of which deserve close consideration from scholars interested in queer transnational contexts.
(De)politicized pleasures and the construction of (white) queer utopia in Netflix's Sense8
Authors: Asante Godfried , Baig Noorie , Huang Shuzhen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article examines how the Netflix series Sense8 uses multiracial, transnational characters and relationships as a form of transgression over restrictive racial and sexual categories and their subsequent oppression. In Sense8, the characters' erotic desires for the other are represented as the entry into a deracialized, dehistoricized, depoliticized and liberal global public sphere. Sexual pleasure with the colonized, racialized and gendered other is represented as a form of transgressing and transcending the limitations of the body that non-western and non-white bodies perpetually remain trapped in. These representations are also normalizing tropes of queer utopias that do not acknowledge the intersectional erasures that continuously occur in this series. As transnational scholars from Ghana, India and China, who are situated in daily inter-racial relations, we challenge the simplistic and uncritical viewing of Sense8 through our hybrid postcolonial subjectivities.
Design and optimization of tunneling photodetectors based on graphene/Al2O3/silicon heterostructures
Authors: Xu Ji , Liu Ting , Hu Hai , Zhai Yusheng , Chen Ke , Chen Na , Li Chi , Zhang Xiaobing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Recent discoveries in the field of graphene-based heterostructures have led to the demonstration of high-performance photodetectors. However, the studies to date have been largely limited to the heterojunction with a Schottky barrier, restricted by an inevitable compromise between photoresponsivity and photodetectivity. Here, a new class of graphene-based tunneling photodetectors is introduced by inserting the Al2O3 tunneling layer between silicon and graphene. The photocarriers can tunnel through the designed insulator layer which simultaneously blocks the dark current, thus maintaining high photodetectivity with desirable photoresponsivity. We further modulate the thickness of the Al2O3 layer to explore the tunneling mechanism for the photocarriers, in which a photoresponsivity of 0.75 A/W, a high current ratio of 4.8 × 103 and a photodetectivity of 3.1 × 1012 Jones are obtained at a 13.3-nm-thick Al2O3 layer. In addition, the fabrication process is compatible with conventional semiconductor processing, providing further flexibility to large-scale integrated photodetectors with high performance.
Differentiating and quantifying exosome secretion from a single cell using quasi-bound states in the continuum
Authors: Ndao Abdoulaye , Hsu Liyi , Cai Wei , Ha Jeongho , Park Junhee , Contractor Rushin , Lo Yuhwa , Kanté Boubacar 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
One of the key challenges in biology is to understand how individual cells process information and respond to perturbations. However, most of the existing single-cell analysis methods can only provide a glimpse of cell properties at specific time points and are unable to provide cell secretion and protein analysis at single-cell resolution. To address the limits of existing methods and to accelerate discoveries from single-cell studies, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a new sensor based on bound states in the continuum to quantify exosome secretion from a single cell. Our optical sensors demonstrate high-sensitivity refractive index detection. Because of the strong overlap between the medium supporting the mode and the analytes, such an optical cavity has a figure of merit of 677 and sensitivity of 440 nm/RIU. Such results facilitate technological progress for highly conducive optical sensors for different biomedical applications.
Structures for surface-enhanced nonplasmonic or hybrid spectroscopy
Authors: Mayerhöfer Thomas G. , Pahlow Susanne , Popp Jürgen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Absorption, scattering, and fluorescence are processes that increase with electric field intensity. The most prominent way to enhance electric field intensity is to use localized or propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) based on metallic particles and nanostructures. In addition, several other, much less well-known, photonic structures that increase electric field intensity exist. Interference enhancement provided by thin dielectric coatings on reflective substrates is able to provide electric field intensity enhancement over the whole substrate and not only at certain hotspots, thereby being in particular suitable for the spectroscopy of thin surface layers. The same coatings on high refractive index substrates may be used for interference-enhanced total internal reflection-based spectroscopy in much the same way as Kretschmann or Otto configuration for exciting propagating SPPs. The latter configurations can also be used to launch Bloch surface waves on 1D photonic crystal structures for the enhancement of electric field intensity and thereby absorption, scattering, and fluorescence-based spectroscopies. High refractive index substrates alone can also, when nanostructured, enhance infrared absorption or Raman scattering via Mie-type resonances. As a further method, this review will cover recent developments to employ phonon polaritons in the reststrahlen region.
Mechanotunable optical filters based on stretchable silicon nanowire arrays
Authors: Kim Yeong Jae , Yoo Young Jin , Kang Min Hyung , Ko Joo Hwan , Park Mi Rim , Yoo Dong Eun , Lee Dong Wook , Kim Kyujung , Kang Il-Suk , Song Young Min 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Nano-structural optical filters embedded in elastomers having high mechanical tunability provide the geometric degree of freedom for selective light manipulation. The active control of spectral information in typical structural optical filters is highly limited due to the substrate rigidity. Herein, we present mechanochromic transmissive optical filters by employing flexible and stretchable polymer-embedded silicon nanostructures. Si-based nanowire arrays (Si-NWAs) have been introduced to exhibit parametric resonance characteristics by controlling the period and/or diameter. Furthermore, the spectral shift phenomenon by increased diffraction efficiency was observed after the application of a uniaxial tensile force, which depends on the period of Si-NWAs with a large index contrast between the silicon nanowire and elastomer. The strain-sensitive properties of tunable Si-NWAs filters induced by light diffraction were calculated by simulation based on wave optics. The spectral tunability and light filtering features were simply demonstrated by stretching the Si-NWAs’ optical filters. Our proposed structure provides potential opportunities for a wide variety of applications, including dynamic color display, visual strain sensor and anti-counterfeiting.
Blood Flow Restriction Training and the Physique Athlete: A Practical Research-Based Guide to Maximizing Muscle Size
Authors: Rolnick Nicholas , Schoenfeld Brad J. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTEmerging evidence indicates that low load blood flow restriction (BFR) training is an effective strategy to increase muscular adaptations. Yet, it remains questionable as to whether combining BFR with traditional resistance training can potentiate hypertrophic adaptations. The purpose of this article is to provide an evidence-based review of current research on the topic including underlying mechanisms of BFR training and draw practical conclusions as to how BFR can be applied by physique athletes to optimize increases in muscle mass.