bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mineralization age and sources of ore‐forming material of the Nanmushu Zn‐Pb deposit in the Micangshan Tectonic Belt at the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton, China: Constraints from Rb‐Sr dating and Sr‐Pb isotopes
Authors: Song Zhijiao , Chen Cuihua , Yang Yulong , Zhang Yan , Yin Li , Li Hongzhi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Nanmushu Zn‐Pb deposit, hosted by the Neoproterozoic Dengying Formation dolostone, is located in the eastern part of the Micangshan tectonic belt at the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton, China. This study involves a systematic field investigation, detailed mineralogical study, and Rb‐Sr and Pb isotopic analyses of the deposit. The results of Rb‐Sr isotopic dating of coexisting sphalerite and galena yield an isochron age of 486.7 ± 3.1 Ma, indicating the deposit was formed during the Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician. This mineralization age is interpreted to be related to the timing of destruction of the paleo‐oil reservoir in the Micangshan tectonic belt. All initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of sphalerite and galena (0.70955–0.71212) fall into the range of the Mesoproterozoic Huodiya Group basement rocks (0.70877–0.71997) and Dengying Formation sandstone (0.70927–0.71282), which are significantly higher than those of Cambrian Guojiaba Formation limestone (0.70750–0.70980), Cambrian Guojiaba Formation carbonaceous slate (0.70766–0.71012), and Neoproterozoic Dengying Formation dolostone (0.70835–0.70876). Such Sr isotope signatures suggest that the ore strontium was mainly derived from a mixed source, and both of the Huodiya Group basement rocks and Dengying Formation sandstone were involved in ore formation. Both sphalerite and galena are characterized by an upper‐crustal source of lead (206Pb/204Pb = 17.849–18.022, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.604–15.809, and 208Pb/204Pb = 37.735–38.402), and their Pb isotopes are higher than, but partly overlap with, those of the Huodiya Group basement rocks, but differ from those of the Guojiaba and Dengying Formations. This suggests that the lead also originated from a mixed source, and the Huodiya Group basement rocks played a significant role. The Sr and Pb isotopic results suggest that the Huodiya Group basement rocks were one of the most important sources of metallogenic material. The geological and geochemical characteristics show that the Nanmushu Zn‐Pb deposit is similar to typical Mississippi Valley type, and the fluid mixing may be a reasonable metallogenic mechanism for Nanmushu Zn‐Pb deposit.
A Factor Analysis Approach Toward Reconciling Community Vulnerability and Resilience Indices for Natural Hazards
Authors: Johnson Paul M. , Brady Corey E. , Philip Craig , Baroud Hiba , Camp Janey V. , Abkowitz Mark 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe concepts of vulnerability and resilience help explain why natural hazards of similar type and magnitude can have disparate impacts on varying communities. Numerous frameworks have been developed to measure these concepts, but a clear and consistent method of comparing them is lacking. Here, we develop a data‐driven approach for reconciling a popular class of frameworks known as vulnerability and resilience indices. In particular, we conduct an exploratory factor analysis on a comprehensive set of variables from established indices measuring community vulnerability and resilience at the U.S. county level. The resulting factor model suggests that 50 of the 130 analyzed variables effectively load onto five dimensions: wealth, poverty, agencies per capita, elderly populations, and non–English‐speaking populations. Additionally, the factor structure establishes an objective and intuitive schema for relating the constituent elements of vulnerability and resilience indices, in turn affording researchers a flexible yet robust baseline for validating and expanding upon current approaches.
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs increase urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin in recreational runners
Authors: Semen Khrystyna O. , van der Doelen Rick H. A. , van der Lugt Monique , van Dam Davy G. H. A. , Reimer Jürgen , Stassen Frank R. M. , Janssen Loes , Janssen Paddy K. C. , Janssen Marcel J. W. , Bast Aalt , le Noble Jos L. M. L 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo study the effects of running with/without the use of pain killers on urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (uNGAL) and other parameters of kidney function in recreational runners.MethodsParticipants of the 10‐ and 21.1‐km Weir Venloop race were enrolled and their urine samples collected before and after the run. Urine dipstick and other conventional tests used to assess kidney function were performed. The presence of ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, and/or paracetamol was assessed by LC‐MS/MS. uNGAL was measured with a two‐step chemiluminescent immunoassay.ResultsNSAIDs/analgesics were detected in urine of 5 (14.4%) 10‐km runners and 13 (28.9%) 21.1‐km runners. Only half‐marathon participants showed significant increases in uNGAL (pre: 11.7 [7.1‐34.3] ng/mL; post: 33.4 [17.4‐50.4] ng/mL; P = .0038). There was a significant effect of NSAID/analgesic use on uNGAL increase (F2, 76 = 4.210, P = .004). Post hoc tests revealed that uNGAL increased significantly in runners who tested positive for ibuprofen/naproxen compared to runners who did not use any medications (P = .045) or those who tested positive for paracetamol (P = .033). Running distance had a significant influence on the increase in uNGAL (F1, 53 = 4.741, P < .05), specific gravity (F1, 60 = 9.231, P < .01), urinary creatinine (F1, 61 = 10.574, P < .01), albumin (F1, 59 = 4.888, P < .05), and development of hematuria (χ2(4) = 18.44, P = .001).ConclusionsRunning distance and use of ibuprofen/naproxen were identified as risk factors for uNGAL increase in recreational runners.
Biometric changes of skin parameters in using of microneedling fractional radiofrequency for skin tightening and rejuvenation facial
Authors: Nilforoushzadeh Mohammad Ali , Alavi Shiva , Heidari‐Kharaji Maryam , Hanifnia Amir Reza , Mahmoudbeyk Mona , Karimi Zahra , Kahe Farima 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundFractional radiofrequency (RF) has been used for skin rejuvenation and tightening by dermatologists and cosmetic surgeons in recent years.MethodsTwenty female patients (mean age of 51.9 years) with Fitzpatrick III to VI skin phototypes who desired to undergo skin lift/tightening received six sessions of fractional microneedle RF treatment and were assessed at baseline and then 3 months after the last session for biometric characteristics using a Colorimeter, Visioface 1000D, Tewameter, Cutometer, Mexameter, and Sebumeter and a skin ultrasound imaging system to evaluate the transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin pores, color, melanin content, erythema, sebaceous content, and thickness and density of the epidermis and dermis. Patient satisfaction with visual analog scale (VAS) was also measured.ResultsThe results showed that skin pores and spots decreased significantly. TEWL also decreased significantly (by 18.44%). Meanwhile, skin density increased significantly (R7, by 44.41%). The ultrasonographic assessments showed that both the density and thickness of the dermis and epidermis were increased. The changes in the other parameters were not significant.ConclusionFR increases the density and thickness of the dermis and thus also increases the collagen content and decreases skin pores and TEWL.
Automatic diagnosis of melanoma using hyperspectral data and GoogLeNet
Authors: Hirano Ginji , Nemoto Mitsutaka , Kimura Yuichi , Kiyohara Yoshio , Koga Hiroshi , Yamazaki Naoya , Christensen Gustav , Ingvar Christian , Nielsen Kari , Nakamura Atsushi , Sota Takayuki , Nagaoka Takashi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMelanoma is a type of superficial tumor. As advanced melanoma has a poor prognosis, early detection and therapy are essential to reduce melanoma‐related deaths. To that end, there is a need to develop a quantitative method for diagnosing melanoma. This paper reports the development of such a diagnostic system using hyperspectral data (HSD) and a convolutional neural network, which is a type of machine learning.Materials and MethodsHSD were acquired using a hyperspectral imager, which is a type of spectrometer that can simultaneously capture information about wavelength and position. GoogLeNet pre‐trained with Imagenet was used to model the convolutional neural network. As many CNNs (including GoogLeNet) have three input channels, the HSD (involving 84 channels) could not be input directly. For that reason, a “Mini Network” layer was added to reduce the number of channels from 84 to 3 just before the GoogLeNet input layer. In total, 619 lesions (including 278 melanoma lesions and 341 non‐melanoma lesions) were used for training and evaluation of the network.Results and ConclusionThe system was evaluated by 5‐fold cross‐validation, and the results indicate sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 69.1%, 75.7%, and 72.7% without data augmentation, 72.3%, 81.2%, and 77.2% with data augmentation, respectively. In future work, it is intended to improve the Mini Network and to increase the number of lesions.
Pattern recognition and correction method for skeleton lines at small patch boundaries
Authors: Li Chengming , Yin Yong , Wu Pengda , Wu Wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSkeleton line extraction is a key step in the dissolution and collapse operation of small patches in digital map generalization. Most parts of skeleton lines can be extracted well by existing methods, but these methods ignore skeleton line extraction at the local transition areas near the boundary, which is complex and diverse, resulting in topological inconsistency and visual noncontinuity. Our research focuses on this problem and puts forward a pattern recognition and correction method for skeleton lines at small patch boundaries. First, according to the semantic, topological, and distance characteristics of the nodes on the boundaries, the topological inconsistencies of skeleton lines at the boundaries are defined and classified into four patterns. Second, a classification and regression tree (CART) is trained to identify various patterns automatically. Finally, cubic Bezier curves are used to correct different patterns by considering the extension directions of the boundary and the skeleton line as constraints. The proposed method is validated using the National Geographic Census data in Guizhou Province, China. The results demonstrate that the recognition rate of topological inconsistency patterns can reach 100%, the topological relationships at boundaries are preserved, and the corrected skeleton lines are natural and smooth.
COVID‐19 in recent heart transplant recipients: Clinicopathologic features and early outcomes
Authors: Lima Brian , Gibson Gregory T. , Vullaganti Sirish , Malhame Kathryn , Maybaum Simon , Hussain Syed T. , Shah Samit , Majure David T. , Wallach Fran , Jang Kristine , Bijol Vanesa , Esposito Michael J. , Williamson Alex K. , Thomas Rebecca M. , Bhuiya Tawfiqul A. , Fernandez Harold A. , Stevens Gerin R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of COVID‐19 on heart transplant (HTx) recipients remains unclear, particularly in the early post‐transplant period.MethodsWe share novel insights from our experience in five HTx patients with COVID‐19 (three within 2 months post‐transplant) from our institution at the epicenter of the pandemic. Results: All five exhibited moderate (requiring hospitalization, n = 3) or severe (requiring ICU and/or mechanical ventilation, n = 2) illness. Both cases with severe illness were transplanted approximately 6 weeks before presentation and acquired COVID‐19 through community spread. All five patients were on immunosuppressive therapy with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and tacrolimus, and three that were transplanted within the prior 2 months were additionally on prednisone. The two cases with severe illness had profound lymphopenia with markedly elevated C‐reactive protein, procalcitonin, and ferritin. All had bilateral ground‐glass opacities on chest imaging. MMF was discontinued in all five, and both severe cases received convalescent plasma. All three recent transplants underwent routine endomyocardial biopsies, revealing mild (n = 1) or no acute cellular rejection (n = 2), and no visible viral particles on electron microscopy. Within 30 days of admission, the two cases with severe illness remain hospitalized but have clinically improved, while the other three have been discharged.ConclusionsCOVID‐19 appears to negatively impact outcomes early after heart transplantation.
High‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in 22 dogs requiring oxygen support escalation
Authors: Jagodich Tiffany A. , Bersenas Alexa M. E. , Bateman Shane W. , Kerr Carolyn L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of high‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy on cardiorespiratory variables and outcome in dogs with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.DesignProspective, sequential clinical trial.SettingUniversity veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsTwenty‐two client‐owned dogs that failed to respond to traditional oxygen support.InterventionsInitiation of HFNC therapy after traditional oxygen supplementation failed to increase Spo2 > 96% and Pao2 > 75 mm Hg or improve respiratory rate/effort.Measurements and Main ResultsPhysiological variables, blood gas analyses, and dyspnea/sedation/tolerance scores were collected prior to HFNC initiation (on traditional oxygen support [time 0 or T0]), and subsequently during HFNC oxygen administration at time 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 7 ± 1 hours. Relative to T0, use of HFNC resulted in a decreased respiratory rate at 1 hour (P = 0.022) and 7 hours (P = 0.012), a decrease in dyspnea score at all times (P < 0.01), and an increase in Spo2 at all times (P < 0.01). There was no difference in arterial/venous Pco2 relative to T0, although Paco2 was correlated with flow rate. Based on respiratory assessment, 60% of dogs responded to HFNC use by 30 minutes, and 45% ultimately responded to HFNC use and survived. No clinical air‐leak syndromes were observed.ConclusionsHFNC use improved oxygenation and work of breathing relative to traditional oxygen therapies, without impairing ventilation. HFNC use appears to be a beneficial oxygen support modality to bridge the gap between standard oxygen supplementation and mechanical ventilation.
Osmolarity of basal and reflex tears of normal dogs
Authors: Lamkin Irini D. , Zimmerman Kelli L. , Smith Fleming Kathryn M. , Martins Bianca C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare basal and reflex tear osmolarity in healthy dogs and to evaluate for correlation among tear film osmolarity, tear production, and tear fern pattern.Animals studiedThe population consisted of 22 healthy adult dogs.ProceduresReflex tear osmolarity was measured in both eyes using the I‐PEN® VET osmometer 30 minutes following the Schirmer tear test (STT‐1) measurement. Subsequently, two minutes following topical anesthetic application, the lacrimal lake and conjunctival fornices were dried, and 3 minutes later, basal tear osmolarity was measured. Tears were extracted from the dye‐free STT‐1 strip by centrifugation, placed on a glass slide, and the ferning pattern was determined by light microscopy. Comparisons between basal and reflex tears were performed with one‐way ANOVA. Correlations between tear osmolarity, STT‐1, and tear ferning were verified by Pearson's correlation coefficient.ResultsNo statistical difference was found between right and left eyes for STT‐1, tear fern pattern, and osmolarity of reflex or basal tears (P < .05). There was no statistical difference between osmolarity of basal and reflex tears among individuals (P < .05). No correlation was detected between tear fern pattern and osmolarity of reflex tears. A weak positive correlation was detected between STT‐1 values and osmolarity of reflex, but not basal tears.ConclusionsThe osmolarity of basal tears did not differ from that of reflex tears. A positive weak correlation exists between tear production and osmolarity of reflex tears. No correlation was detected between tear osmolarity measured by handheld osmometer and tear ferning.
Clinical features and MRI characteristics of presumptive constrictive myelopathy in 27 pugs
Authors: Lourinho Filipa , Holdsworth Andrew , McConnell J. Fraser , Gonçalves Rita , Gutierrez‐Quintana Rodrigo , Morales Carles , Lowrie Mark , Trevail Raquel , Carrera Ines 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConstrictive myelopathy has been described in pugs with paraparesis and is characterized by fibrous connective and granulation tissue within the dura mater causing spinal cord compression and focal gliosis. An association between constrictive myelopathy and caudal articular process (CAP) dysplasia is suspected; however, some studies have reported CAP dysplasia as an incidental finding. The imaging appearance of constrictive myelopathy is currently limited to a small number of cases. The aim of this multicenter, retrospective, descriptive study was to detail the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics and to correlate these with clinical signs of presumptive constrictive myelopathy in pugs. Medical databases from five veterinary referral hospitals were reviewed to identify pugs with pelvic limb ataxia and paresis, that had a complete record of signalment, neurological examination, and MRI of the thoracolumbar spinal cord. The exclusion criteria were pugs with other conditions, such as unequivocal subarachnoid diverticula, hemivertebrae causing vertebral canal stenosis, intervertebral disc extrusions/protrusions, and multifocal/diffuse lesions. Twenty‐seven pugs met the inclusion criteria. All cases were ambulatory with paraparesis and ataxia. Nearly 60% were incontinent. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a focal myelopathy in all cases showing one or more of the following lesions: CAP dysplasia (25/27), focal subarachnoid space irregular margination (26/27) with circumferential or dorsal contrast enhancement (10/12), and a symmetric V‐shaped ventral extradural lesion (23/27). This study describes specific MRI features of pugs with presumptive constrictive myelopathy, which authors hypothesize to be a consequence of chronic micro‐motion. Our results may help in diagnosing and subsequently treating this condition, which may warrant vertebral stabilization.
Mapping the drivers of parasitic weed abundance at a national scale: a new approach applied to Striga asiatica in the mid‐west of Madagascar
Authors: Scott Donald , Scholes Julie D. , Randrianjafizanaka Meva Tahiry , Randriamampianina Jean Augustin , Autfray Patrice , Freckleton Robert P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe parasitic weed genus Striga causes huge losses to crop production in sub‐Saharan Africa, estimated to be in excess of $7 billion per year. There is a paucity of reliable distribution data for Striga; however, such data are urgently needed to understand current drivers, better target control efforts, as well as to predict future risks. To address this, we developed a methodology to enable rapid, large‐scale monitoring of Striga populations. We used this approach to uncover the factors that currently drive the abundance and distribution of Striga asiatica in Madagascar. Two long‐distance transects were established across the middle‐west region of Madagascar in which S. asiatica abundance in fields adjacent to the road was estimated. Management, crop structure and soil data were also collected. Analysis of the data suggests that crop variety, companion crop and previous crop were correlated with Striga density. A positive relationship between within‐field Striga density and the density of the nearest neighbouring fields indicates that spatial configuration and connectivity of suitable habitats is also important in determining Striga spread. Our results demonstrate that we are able to capture distribution and management data for Striga density at a landscape scale and use this to understand the ecological and agronomic drivers of abundance. The importance of crop varieties and cropping patterns is significant, as these are key socio‐economic elements of Malagasy cropping practices. Therefore, they have the potential to be promoted as readily available control options, rather than novel technologies requiring introduction.
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of a Rigid–Flexible Gear Transmission Considering Geometric Eccentricities
Authors: Geng Zhibo , Xiao Ke , Wang Jiaxu , Li Junyang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Nonlinear vibration, a main factor affecting the dynamic stability, widely exists in the transmission system. In addition, geometric eccentricities caused by the manufacturing errors are inevitable in the gear transmission system, which may lead to the excessive nonlinear vibration. In order to suppress the nonlinear vibration under the excitation of the geometric eccentricities, a rigid–flexible gear pair consisting of the ring gear, the composite material, and the hub is proposed in this study. A dynamic model with nine degrees-of-freedom which considers geometric eccentricities is proposed to analyze the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the rigid–flexible gear pair. Furthermore, the dynamic characteristics of the rigid–flexible gear pair and the rigid gear pair are compared within a wide range of operating conditions. The comparative analysis demonstrates that the rigid–flexible gear pair has better vibration suppression effect on the system.
Application of Machine Learning to Investigation of Heat and Mass Transfer Over a Cylinder Surrounded by Porous Media—The Radial Basic Function Network
Authors: Alizadeh Rasool , Mohebbi Najm Abad Javad , Fattahi Abolfazl , Alhajri Ebrahim , Karimi Nader 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates heat and mass transport around a cylinder featuring non-isothermal homogenous and heterogeneous chemical reactions in a surrounding porous medium. The system is subject to an impinging flow, while local thermal non-equilibrium, non-linear thermal radiation within the porous region, and the temperature dependency of the reaction rates are considered. Further, non-equilibrium thermodynamics, including Soret and Dufour effects are taken into account. The governing equations are numerically solved using a finite-difference method after reducing them to a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations. Since the current problem contains a large number of parameters with complex interconnections, low-cost models such as those based on artificial intelligence are desirable for the conduction of extensive parametric studies. Therefore, the simulations are used to train an artificial neural network. Comparing various algorithms of the artificial neural network, the radial basic function network is selected. The results show that variations in radiative heat transfer as well as those in Soret and Dufour effects can significantly change the heat and mass transfer responses. Within the investigated parametric range, it is found that the diffusion mechanism is dominantly responsible for heat and mass transfer. Importantly, it is noted that the developed predictor algorithm offers a considerable saving of the computational burden.