bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracheal colonization factor A (TcfA) is a biomarker for rapid and specific detection of Bordetella pertussis
Authors: Burnham-Marusich Amanda R. , Olsen Ryan K. , Scarbrough Jacqueline , Kvam Alexander , Yang Wei , Zimmerman Lindsey , Dunn James J. , Merkel Tod , Kozel Thomas R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPertussis is a highly contagious disease for which prompt, point-of-care diagnosis remains an unmet clinical need. Results from conventional test modalities (nucleic acid detection, serology, and culture) take hours to days. To overcome this challenge, we identified a new biomarker (tracheal colonization factor A, TcfA) for detection of Bordetella pertussis infection by lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). We developed a library of 28 epitope-mapped monoclonal antibodies against TcfA and incorporated three antibodies into a LFIA. The LFIA did not cross-react with common bacterial or fungal organisms, but did react with nine distinct B. pertussis strains. The minimal linear epitope sequences targeted by the LFIA were conserved in 98% of 954 B. pertussis isolates collected across 12 countries from 1949–2017. The LFIA’s limit of detection was 3.0 × 105 CFU/mL with B. pertussis cells in buffer, 6.2 × 105 CFU/mL with nasopharyngeal washes from a non-human primate model, and 2.3 ng/mL with recombinant TcfA. The LFIA reacted with patient nasopharyngeal swab specimens containing as few as 1.8 × 106B. pertussis genomes/mL and showed no false-positives. Rapid (< 20 min) LFIA detection of TcfA as a biomarker for B. pertussis infection is feasible and may facilitate early detection of pertussis.
Associations of procalcitonin, C-reaction protein and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in China
Authors: Xu Jian-bo , Xu Chao , Zhang Ru-bing , Wu Meng , Pan Chang-kun , Li Xiu-jie , Wang Qian , Zeng Fang-fang , Zhu Sui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an important and urgent threat to global health. Inflammation factors are important for COVID-19 mortality, and we aim to explore whether the baseline levels of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reaction protein (CRP) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19. A retrospective study was conducted and a total of 76 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were included between January 17, 2020 to March 2, 2020, of these cases, 17 patients were dead. After adjusting covariates, PCT (≥ 0.10 ng/mL) and CRP (≥ 52.14 mg/L) exhibited independent increasing risks of mortality were used hazard ratio (HR) of 52.68 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.77–1571.66) and 5.47 (95% CI: 1.04–28.72), respectively. However, NRL (≥ 3.59) was not found to be an independent risk factor for death in our study. Furthermore, the elevated PCT levels were still associated with increasing risk of mortality in the old age group (age ≥ 60 y), and in the critically severe and severe patients after adjustment for complications. Thu Baseline levels of PCT and CRP have been addressed as independent predictors of mortality in patients with COVID-19.
Contrasting volcano spacing along SW Japan arc caused by difference in age of subducting lithosphere
Authors: Tatsumi Yoshiyuki , Suenaga Nobuaki , Yoshioka Shoichi , Kaneko Katsuya , Matsumoto Takumi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe SW Japan arc built by subduction of the Philippine Sea (PHS) plate exhibits uneven distribution of volcanoes: thirteen Quaternary composite volcanoes form in the western half of this arc, Kyushu Island, while only two in the eastern half, Chugoku district. Reconstruction of the PHS plate back to 14 Ma, together with examinations based on thermal structure models constrained by high-density heat flow data and a petrological model for dehydration reactions suggest that fluids are discharged actively at depths of 90–100 km in the hydrous layer at the top of the old (> 50 Ma), hence, cold lithosphere sinking beneath Kyushu Island. In contrast, the young (15–25 Ma) oceanic crust downgoing beneath Chugoku district releases fluids largely at shallower depths, i.e. beneath the non-volcanic forearc, to cause characteristic tectonic tremors and low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) and be the source of specific brine springs. Much larger amounts of fluids supplied to the magma source region in the western SW Japan arc could build more densely-distributed volcanoes.
Global chemical modifications comparison of human plasma proteome from two different age groups
Authors: Liu Yongtao , Pan Xuanzhen , Zhao Mindi , Gao Youhe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, two groups of human plasma proteome at different age groups (old and young) were used to perform a comparison of global chemical modifications, as determined by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) combined with non-limiting modification identification algorithms. The sulfhydryl in the cysteine A total of 4 molecular modifications were found to have significant differences passing random grouping tests: the succinylation and phosphorylation modification of cysteine (Cys, C) and the modification of lysine (Lys, K) with threonine (Thr, T) were significantly higher in the old group than in the young group, while the carbamylation of lysine was lower in the young group. We speculate that there is an increase in certain modified proteins in the blood of the old people which, in turn, changes the function of those proteins. This change may be one of the reasons why old people are more likely than young people to be at risk for age-related diseases, such as metabolic diseases, cerebral and cardiovascular diseases, and cancer.
Histopathological imaging features- versus molecular measurements-based cancer prognosis modeling
Authors: Zhang Sanguo , Fan Yu , Zhong Tingyan , Ma Shuangge 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFor lung and many other cancers, prognosis is essentially important, and extensive modeling has been carried out. Cancer is a genetic disease. In the past 2 decades, diverse molecular data (such as gene expressions and DNA mutations) have been analyzed in prognosis modeling. More recently, histopathological imaging data, which is a “byproduct” of biopsy, has been suggested as informative for prognosis. In this article, with the TCGA LUAD and LUSC data, we examine and directly compare modeling lung cancer overall survival using gene expressions versus histopathological imaging features. High-dimensional penalization methods are adopted for estimation and variable selection. Our findings include that gene expressions have slightly better prognostic performance, and that most of the gene expressions are weakly correlated imaging features. This study may provide additional insight into utilizing the two types of important data in cancer prognosis modeling and into lung cancer overall survival.
Altered neuronal habituation to hearing others’ pain in adults with autistic traits
Authors: Meng Jing , Li Zuoshan , Shen Lin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that autistic traits influence the neuronal habituation that underlies the processing of others’ pain. Based on their autism-spectrum quotient (AQ), two groups of participants were classified according to their autistic traits: High-AQ and Low-AQ groups. Their event-related potentials in response to trains of three identical audio recordings, exhibiting either painful or neutral feelings of others, were compared during three experimental tasks. (1) In a Pain Judgment Task, participants were instructed to focus on pain-related cues in the presented audio recordings. (2) In a Gender Judgment Task, participants were instructed to focus on non-pain-related cues in the presented audio recordings. (3) In a Passive Listening Task, participants were instructed to passively listen. In the High-AQ group, an altered empathic pattern of habituation, indexed by frontal-central P2 responses of the second repeated painful audio recordings, was found during the Passive Listening Task. Nevertheless, both High-AQ and Low-AQ groups exhibited similar patterns of habituation to hearing others’ voices, both neutral and painful, in the Pain Judgment and Gender Judgment Tasks. These results suggest altered empathic neuronal habituation in the passive processing of others’ vocal pain by individuals with autistic traits.
Surgical Treatment for Crohn's Disease: A Role of Kono-S Anastomosis in the West
Authors: Kono Toru , Fichera Alessandro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMore than 80% of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) will require surgical intervention during their lifetime, with high rates of anastomotic recurrence and stenosis necessitating repeat surgery. Current data show that pharmacotherapy has not significantly improved the natural history of postoperative clinical and surgical recurrence of CD. In 2003, antimesenteric hand-sewn functional end-to-end (Kono-S) anastomosis was first performed in Japan. This technique has yielded very desirable outcomes in terms of reducing the incidence of anastomotic surgical recurrence. The most recent follow-up of these patients showed that very few had developed surgical recurrence. This new approach is superior to stapled functional end-to-end anastomosis because the stumps are sutured together to create a stabilizing structure (a “supporting column”), serving as a supportive backbone of the anastomosis to help prevent distortion of the anastomotic lumen due to disease recurrence and subsequent clinical symptoms. This technique requires careful mesenteric excision for optimal preservation of the blood supply and innervation. It also results in a very wide anastomotic lumen on the antimesenteric side. The Kono-S technique has shown efficacy in preventing surgical recurrence and the potential to become the new standard of care for intestinal CD.
Japanese Evidences on Nerve-Preserving Lateral Pelvic Lymh Node Dissection for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Kanemitsu Yukihide , Shida Dai , Tsukamoto Shunsuke , Moritani Konosuke , Sakamoto Ryohei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn Japan, the standard treatment for advanced low rectal cancer has been total mesorectal excision (TME) + lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LLND). On the other hand, in the West, preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) + TME has been established as the standard. Japanese surgeons developed nerve-preserving LLND that could reduce complications associated with extended dissection. The Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG)0212 trialinvestigated on the outcomes of so-called prophylactic LLND in patients without evident lateral lymph node metastasis in preoperative diagnostic imaging. Data from the JCOG0212 trial demonstrated scientific validity of the theory and practice of the Japanese approach. Data from the JCOG0212 trial supported the validity and safety of the Japanese approach, that is, TME + LLND for low rectal cancer without routine use of preoperative CRT. For future direction, modern approach for rectal cancer should involve both of the Eastern and Western strategies by combining LLND and CRT.
Treatment of Stages IIIA and IIIB in Kienbock's Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Patrick Q. , Matache Bogdan A. , Grewal Ruby , Suh Nina 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Despite numerous proposed surgical interventions, there is a lack of consensus in the optimal treatment of advanced Kienbock's disease.
Purpose This study aims to perform a systematic review of the current evidence in the management of Lichtman's stages IIIA and IIIB of the disease.
Methods A literature search was performed using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and COCHRANE databases to identify studies between 2008 and 2018 evaluating stage-specific outcomes in Lichtman's stages IIIA and IIIB. The quality of each included paper was evaluated using the Structured Effectiveness Quality Evaluation Scale (SEQES). Data extracted were stage-specificity, clinical and functional outcomes, and radiographic progression of Lichtman's staging.
Results A total of 1,489 titles were identified. Eighty-three papers were fully reviewed, and 30 articles met eligibility criteria for inclusion. There were 3 low-quality and 27 moderate-quality papers. Surgical techniques reported included decompression surgeries, joint-levelling, and radial wedge osteotomies, revascularization techniques, intracarpal arthrodesis, proximal row carpectomy, arthroplasty, and balloon kyphoplasty. All treatment modalities offered pain relief and improvement in functional outcomes. Compared with proximal row carpectomy, intracarpal arthrodesis, and arthroplasty, nonsalvage procedures provided similar clinical and functional outcomes in both stages, with joint-levelling and radial wedge osteotomies preserving greater range of motion.
Conclusion In this systematic review of Kienbock's disease stages IIIA and IIIB, all treatment modalities provided positive outcomes. In stage IIIB, there is evidence to support nonsalvage procedures, as they produced similar clinical outcomes to salvage procedures that have the advantage of not precluding future treatment options if needed and preserving greater range of motion.
In-flight coating of Ag nanoparticles with Cu
Authors: Košutová Tereza , Hanuš Jan , Kylián Ondřej , Cieslar Miroslav , Khalakhan Ivan , Choukourov Andrei , Biederman Hynek 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
AgCu Janus nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating of Ag NPs in flight. The Ag NPs, produced by a gas aggregation source, were coated with Cu during their flight through a tubular magnetron (TMG). Their structure and chemical composition were studied to establish their dependence on the TMG’s operational parameters. The main focus was the influence of the TMG’s current and magnetic field. It was found that trapping of the NPs occurred at a certain combination of these two parameters. When trapping happened, the size of the NPs and their Cu content increased significantly. We have demonstrated that we can vary the composition of the NP’s produced from pristine Ag from perfect Janus NPs with a Ag/Cu ratio of 50/50, to almost-pure Cu NPs with tiny Ag inclusions.
Non-equilibrium magnetic response of canonical spin glass and magnetic glass
Authors: Pal Sudip , Kumar Kranti , Banerjee A , Roy S B , Nigam A K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Time and history dependent magnetization has been observed in a wide variety of materials, which are collectively termed as the glassy magnetic systems. However, such systems showing similar non-equilibrium magnetic response can be microscopically very different and they can be distinguished by carefully looking into the details of the observed metastable magnetic behavior. Canonical spin glass (SG) is the most well studied member of this class and has been extensively investigated both experimentally and theoretically over the last five decades. In canonical SGs, the low temperature magnetic state obtained by cooling across the SG transition temperature in presence of an applied magnetic field is known as the field cooled (FC) state. This FC state in canonical SG is widely believed as an equilibrium state arising out of a thermodynamic second order phase transition. Here, we show that the FC state in canonical SG is not really an equilibrium state of the system. We report careful dc magnetization and ac susceptibility measurements on two canonical SG systems, AuMn (1.8%) and AgMn (1.1%). The dc magnetization in the FC state shows clear temperature dependence. In addition, the magnetization shows a distinct thermal hysteresis in the temperature regime below the SG transition temperature. On the other hand, the temperature dependence of ac susceptibility has clear frequency dispersion below SG transition in the FC state prepared by cooling the sample in the presence of a dc-bias field. We further distinguish the metastable response of the FC state of canonical SG from the metastable response of the FC state in an entirely different class of glassy magnetic system namely magnetic glass, where the non-equilibrium behavior is associated with the kinetic-arrest of a first order magnetic phase transition.
Propagation characteristic of axial and circumferential interface waves and detection of the interlaminar defect in multilayered pipes
Authors: Zhang Yunfei , Li Bing , Tian Fei , Xu Lin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper focuses on the dispersion characteristic of interface waves and the detection of interlaminar defects in multilayered pipes. The interface waves propagating along axial and circumferential directions are simplified as strain problems of planes (r, z) and (r, θ), respectively. The axial interface wave is well suited to axial localization of the defect, just as the circumferential interface wave is to circumferential localization. The dispersion curves and wave structures in generalized forms are built based on double- and treble-layered examples. Both interface waves converge to the Stoneley wave velocity at high frequency, while energy is concentrated on the interface. An experimental system is built. Theoretical and experimental group velocities are compared. The results indicate that the average relative errors of these two interface waves are 0.47% and 0.53%, respectively. An interlaminar crack is detected effectively both in axial and circumferential directions, revealing that interface waves hold great potential for non-destructive evaluation.
Boron-doped carbon quantum dots: a ‘turn-off’ fluorescent probe for dopamine detection
Authors: Anju  , Rais Anam , Rawat Kamla , Prasad Tulika , Bohidar H B 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Boron-doped carbon quantum dots (size 2.3 nm) were fabricated by a modified hydrothermal carbonization one-pot synthesis protocol using 4-hydroxy phenylboronic acid as the common precursor that provided seed for the formation of carbon quantum dots as well as the dopant. These quantum dots exhibited excellent properties, namely good aqueous dispersion, strong fluorescence emission, good environmental stability, high selectivity and sensitivity towards the neurochemical dopamine even in the absence of any linker, functionalizing agents or enzyme. It is shown that this material can be used as a ‘turn-off’ fluorescent probe for the detection of even low concentrations of dopamine with a limit of detection (3σ/S) of about 6 μM. The simplicity of the synthesis protocol and the ease of dopamine detection define the novelty of this approach.
The Black Cloud—a classic science fiction novel from the pen of an astronomer
Authors: Kraus Simon F 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Throughout the long history of astronomy, scientists have repeatedly written fictional stories, which often lend themselves to use in the classroom thanks to the authors’ in-depth knowledge and an appealing storyline. This article uses the novel ‘The Black Cloud’, written by the well-known astronomer Fred Hoyle, to show which physical-astronomical tasks can be derived from it. For this purpose, the use of text excerpts as well as the whole novel is conceivable. Beyond the examples of distance determination and the thermodynamics of the atmosphere presented here, the book also offers interesting insights into the work of astronomers in the 1950s, which Hoyle was able to report on first-hand.
Classical tests of general relativity I: looking to the past to understand the present
Authors: Pinochet Jorge 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Einstein’s theory of general relativity (GR) provides the best available description of gravity. The recent detection of gravitational waves and the first picture of a black hole have provided spectacular confirmations of GR, as well as arousing substantial interest in topics related to gravitation. However, to understand present and future discoveries, it is convenient to look to the past, to the classical tests of GR, namely, the deflection of light by the Sun, the perihelion precession of Mercury, and the gravitational redshift of light. The objective of this work is to offer a non-technical introduction to the classical tests of GR. In this first part of the work, some basic concepts of relativity are introduced and the principle of equivalence is analysed. The second part of the article examines the classical tests.
Effect of neutrals on the anomalous edge plasma transport
Authors: Zhang Yanzeng , Krasheninnikov Sergei I 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The impact of neutrals on the anomalous edge plasma transport is examined in detail within the resistive drift wave (RDW) turbulence and zonal flow (ZF) system. It is shown that the neutral impact on the RDW turbulence itself is weak, but it can largely damp the ZF and thus lead to an enhancement of the anomalous transport. Such an impact is stronger for the system with a larger adiabatic parameter, where the ZF is more dominant in the absence of neutrals. It is shown that the enhancement of the anomalous transport is related to the detrapping of fluctuations from the vicinity of the extrema of ZF when the neutrals weaken the ZF effect.
Recent advancements of the NEWS-G experiment
Authors: Katsioulas Ioannis 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
NEWS-G (New Experiments With Spheres-Gas) is an experiment aiming to shine a light on the dark matter conundrum with a novel gaseous detector, the spherical proportional counter. It uses light gases, such as hydrogen, helium, and neon, as targets to expand dark matter searches to the sub-GeV/c2 mass region. NEWS-G produced its first results with a 60 cm in diameter detector installed at LSM (France), excluding at 90% C.L. cross-sections above 4.4 · 1037 cm2 for dark matter candidates of 0.5 GeV/c2 mass. Currently, a 140 cm in diameter detector is being built at LSM and a commissioning run is underway, prior to its installation at SNOLAB (Canada) at the end of the year. Presented here are developments incorporated in this new detector: a) sensor technologies using resistive materials and multianode read-out that allow high gain and high pressure operation; b) gas purification techniques to remove contaminants (H2O, O2); c) reduction of 210Pb induced background through copper electroforming methods; d) utilisation of UV-lasers for detector calibration, detector response monitoring and estimation of gas related fundamental properties. This next phase of NEWS-G will allow searches for low mass dark matter with unprecedented sensitivity.