bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐lasting microbial dysbiosis and altered enteric neurotransmitters in adult rats following adolescent binge ethanol exposure
Authors: Vetreno Ryan P. , Massey Veronica , Crews Fulton T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHuman alcoholism and ethanol exposure of adult mice cause acute microbial dysbiosis. Adolescent binge drinking is common, but the effect of adolescent ethanol exposure on the adult microbiome and enteric neurotransmitters has not been studied. In the current study, male Wistar rats received adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) treatment, and fecal samples were collected on postnatal day (P)54 and P95 for bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Cecal tissue was collected on P95 for analysis of innate immune and neurotransmitter marker expression. At the genus level, AIE treatment altered the relative abundance of several microbes, including decreased relative abundance of Dehalobacterium and CF231 (a member of the Paraprevotellaceae family) that persisted into adulthood. Across aging, the relative abundance of several microbes was altered in both control‐ and AIE‐treated rats. At P95, AIE exposure was associated with increased cecal serotonin levels and reduced choline acetyltransferase gene expression. Taxonomic shifts at P54 and at P95 suggest that AIE causes both immediate and lasting microbial dysbiosis. The lasting microbial dysbiosis was accompanied by alterations of enteric neurotransmitters.
Distribution of adult Australian wingless scorpionflies (Mecoptera: Apteropanorpidae)
Authors: Palmer Christopher M , Yeates David K 
Published: December 2019

AbstractApart from a few species of interest to behavioural ecologists, the biology and ecology of most scorpionfly species is not well known. The Apteropanorpidae is a family of wingless Mecoptera endemic to Tasmania, comprising four described species in the genus Apteropanorpa. Intensive field surveys for Apteropanorpa species were conducted from 2001 to 2003 in a range of altitudes and habitats in several parts of Tasmania, and these yielded a large number of adult specimens. Adults were collected from a total of 26 plant species and subspecies belonging to nine families, including both angiosperms and gymnosperms. There was a positive relationship between the total number of plant species sampled at each site and adult abundance, so that sampling a greater number of plant species increased the number of adults collected. There was a positive relationship between plant size and abundance at five out of eight sites, such that adults were more likely to aggregate on larger plants. The overall sex ratio of adults on plants was 1:1. An extremely large series of adults was collected in pitfall traps established along an altitudinal transect on Mt Weld, southern Tasmania, from January to April 2001. Pitfall‐trapped adults comprised two species: Apteropanorpa warra at altitudes ≤1000 m and the alpine species A. tasmanica at altitudes of 1100–1300 m. Total abundance of A. warra in pitfall traps on Mt Weld was low; however, the number of pitfall‐trapped female A. tasmanica was very large and markedly increased linearly with altitude from 1100–1300 m in both March and April 2001. The number of male A. tasmanica was also large and increased markedly from 1100 to 1200 m in both March and April. Data strongly indicate an autumnal peak in adult abundance for the Apteropanorpidae, as is the case for other Australian Mecoptera.
Differential gene expression profiles of human efferent ducts and proximal epididymis
Authors: Légaré Christine , Sullivan Robert 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundGene expression patterns along the epididymis are established by specific transcription factor networks that coordinate region‐specific functions. In rodents, the epididymis can be divided in up to 19 segments. Based on gross anatomy, the human epididymis is divided into caput, corpus, and cauda segments together with efferent ducts that occupy the proximal part of this organ.ObjectivesTo determine to which extent gene expression pattern is segmented along the efferent ducts and the proximal region of the epididymis in men of reproductive age.Materials and methodsEpididymal transcriptome profiling was performed on eight distinct regions from three donors. Microarray analysis was performed on a gene‐chip microarray. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs)>2‐fold change (P < .05) were clustered in relation to their intensity profiles. Overrepresented biological functions from gene ontology were searched using DAVID 6.8. Expression profiles were validated by qRT‐PCR quantification of selected genes.ResultsThere were no DEGs among segments 1‐3 of efferent ducts region neither among segments 4‐6 of the caput epididymis. 1058 DEGs were identified between efferent ducts and the epididymis, whereas 444 and 846 DEGs distinguished the caput from the corpus (section 7) and cauda (section 8) epididymis, respectively. A total of 131 DEGs were detected between corpus (7) and cauda (8) transcriptomes. Up‐regulated DEGs in the efferent ducts were predominantly related to cilium assembly/movement and cell differentiation. Fertilization, defense, and immune responses were associated with caput epididymis (4‐6), while spermatogenesis and protein binding were found all along the epididymis (4‐8).DiscussionThe proximal human epididymis is exclusively occupied by efferent ducts with a distinct DEG profile compared with the downstream epididymal segments. Moreover, gene expression profiling revealed two regions in the human epididymis: the caput and the distal corpus/cauda region.ConclusionsHuman epididymal transcriptome reveals limited DEGs, and efferent ducts have a distinct DEGs profile.
Letter: hepatitis B virus infection and risk of multiple myeloma—a meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Authors: An Ran , Li Jiaming , Chen Yubao , Chen Yu 
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Su et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15132 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15607.
Confirming the recessive inheritance of PERP‐related erythrokeratoderma
Authors: Patel Nisha , Alkeraye Salim , Alobeid Eman , Alshidi Tarfa , Helaby Rana , Abdulwahab Firdous , Shamseldin Hanan E. , Alkuraya Fowzan S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractErythrokeratoderma (EK) is heterogeneous clinical entity characterized by excessive scaling with resulting erythrokeratotic plaques. Several genes have been linked to EK and they encode a number of proteins that are important for the integrity of the keratinocyte layer of the epidermis. PERP is a transcription factor that is activated by both p53 and p63. However, its deficiency in a mouse model appears to only recapitulate p63‐mediated role in skin development and organization. We report an extended multiplex consanguineous family in which an EK phenotype with a striking similarity to that observed in Perp−/− mice, is mapped to an autozygous region on chromosome 6 that spans PERP. Whole‐exome sequencing revealed a novel variant in PERP that fully segregated with the phenotype. Functional analysis of patient‐ and control‐derived keratinocytes revealed a deleterious effect of the identified variant on the intracellular localization of PERP. A previous report showed that PERP mutation causes a dominant form of keratoderma but a single patient in that report with a homozygous variant in PERP suggests that recessive inheritance is also possible. Our results, therefore, support the establishment of an autosomal recessive PERP‐related EK phenotype in humans.
The impact of home‐based pulmonary rehabilitation on people with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lahham Aroub , McDonald Christine F. , Moore Rosemary , Cox Narelle S. , Rawlings Sarah , Nichols Amanda , Liacos Athina , Holland Anne E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionPeople with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience exercise intolerance, dyspnoea and poor quality of life. However, the role of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in this group is unclear. Objectives: This randomised controlled trial aimed to explore the effects of home‐based PR in people with mild COPD.MethodsPeople with mild COPD (FEV1/FVC < 70%; FEV1 > 80%predicted) with a smoking history of ≥10 packet years were randomised to either 8 weeks of home‐based PR (one home visit and seven once‐weekly telephone calls) or standard care (weekly social telephone calls). Six minute walk distance (6MWD), and Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale (mMRC) and Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ) scores were compared.ResultsA total of 58 participants (34 males, mean age 68 (SD 9) years, FEV1%predicted 90 (7), 6MWD 496 (105) m) were included with 31 participants randomised to home‐based PR. Participants attended an average of 6.8 of the 8 scheduled sessions, ranging from 3 to 8 sessions. Both groups showed improvements in exercise capacity, symptoms and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) over time, however there was no difference in 6MWD at end‐intervention (mean difference −3 m, 95% confidence interval (CI) −64 to 58) or 6 months (7 m, 95% CI −59 to 72). At 6 months home‐based PR participants were more likely to have clinically important improvements in CRQ emotional function (50% of home PR vs 0% control, P < 0.001) and CRQ total score (45% vs 17%, P = 0.05).ConclusionFor people with mild COPD, home‐based PR did not improve exercise capacity more than standard care.The trial was registered at the Australia New Zealand clinical trial registry (https://www.anzctr.org.au, Trial ID: ACTRN12616000965404).
Spatiotemporal ecology of juvenile Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) and Northern Pike (Esox lucius) in upper St. Lawrence River nursery bays during their inaugural fall and winter
Authors: Walton‐Rabideau Sarah E. , Lédée Elodie J. I. , Leblanc John Paul , Szekeres Petra , Midwood Jonathan D. , Gallagher Austin J. , Farrell John M. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the spatial ecology of juvenile freshwater fish beyond summer months is an essential component of their life history puzzle. To this end, declines in the natural populations of sympatric Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) and Northern Pike (Esox lucius) in the upper St. Lawrence River prompted study of spatiotemporal patterns and habitat requirements associated with earlier life stages of these congeneric, freshwater predators in fall and overwinter periods. Over 75 age‐0 esocids were tagged and passively monitored using acoustic telemetry in four nursery embayments in fall and winter months from 2015 and 2017 months to elucidate spatiotemporal ecology and test hypotheses related to emigration. Presence, residency, space and habitat use were assessed and modelled against key environmental (i.e. water temperature and level) and biological (total length) covariates using mixed effect models. Muskellunge were found to spend more time in deeper, littoral regions with canopy‐forming, submerged aquatic vegetation while Northern Pike aggregated in the deepest, highly vegetated region of their nursery embayment. Results suggest fish may exhibit transitionary movements in fall months and may span outwards into nearshore regions along the main river channel. Studies informing coastal restoration initiatives to increase Muskellunge production are encouraged to assess sympatric habitat use relative to prominent embayment structures and further explore depth partitioning by these young predators. With a substantial influence from water‐level regulation on use of nursery habitat, future studies must work in concert with management plans aimed at producing more natural riverine cycles and thus increased recruitment of Esox species.
The knowledge, awareness, and perception of healthcare professionals about appropriate prescribing in the elderly: Findings from Nigeria and South Africa
Authors: Saka Sule A. , Oosthuizen Frasia , Nlooto Manimbulu , Odusan Olatunde 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRationale, Aims, and ObjectivesInappropriate prescribing is associated with preventable morbidity and mortality in the elderly. The American Geriatrics‐Beers (AGS‐Beers) Criteria was developed to guide healthcare professionals (HCPs) to prescribe medications appropriately in the elderly. However, there is a dearth of information about the knowledge and awareness of HCPs of these criteria, and their perceptions of appropriate prescribing in the elderly. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and perceptions of Nigerian and South African HCPs about appropriate prescribing in the elderly.MethodA 32‐item questionnaire was self‐administered among consecutively selected HCPs (physicians, nurses, and pharmacists) in one teaching hospital each in Nigeria and South Africa. Seven questions including six clinical vignettes from the 2015 AGS‐Beers Criteria were used to assess the participants' knowledge.The participants' knowledge was classified based on the total score as poor (0‐3), fair (4, 5), and good (6, 7). The HCPs' perceptions of appropriate prescribing in the elderly were evaluated using a 5‐point Likert scale. Mann‐Whitney U test was used to evaluate ranked variables at P < .05.ResultsA total of 369 participants, 62.9% (232/369) mean age 42.75(9.35) years in Nigeria and 37.1% (137/369), mean age 38.66 (7.76) years, (CI = 2.32‐5.87, P < .001) in South Africa were evaluated. Many participants in Nigeria (52.6%) and 48.2% in South Africa had scores (4, 5).The majority of the participants (57.3%) in Nigeria and 67.2% in South Africa were not aware of any explicit criteria for prescribing to the elderly while 45.8% of the total participants with no significant difference between the groups (P = .332) “strongly agreed” or “agreed” that the basic professional training is adequate for prescribing medicines to the elderly.ConclusionsMany HCPs in Nigeria and South Africa had a fair knowledge of appropriate prescribing to the elderly and considered basic professional training as adequate for appropriate prescribing to the elderly.
mRNA Polyadenylation Machineries in Intestinal Protozoan Parasites
Authors: Ospina‐Villa Juan David , Tovar‐Ayona Brisna Joana , López‐Camarillo César , Soto‐Sánchez Jacqueline , Ramírez‐Moreno Esther , Castañón‐Sánchez Carlos A. , Marchat Laurence A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn humans, mRNA polyadenylation involves the participation of about 20 factors in four main complexes that recognize specific RNA sequences. Notably, CFIm25, CPSF73, and PAP have essential roles for poly(A) site selection, mRNA cleavage, and adenosine residues polymerization. Besides the relevance of polyadenylation for gene expression, information is scarce in intestinal protozoan parasites that threaten human health. To better understand polyadenylation in Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum, which represent leading causes of diarrhea worldwide, genomes were screened for orthologs of human factors. Results showed that Entamoeba histolytica and C. parvum have 16 and 12 proteins out of the 19 human proteins used as queries, respectively, while G. lamblia seems to have the smallest polyadenylation machinery with only six factors. Remarkably, CPSF30, CPSF73, CstF77, PABP2, and PAP, which were found in all parasites, could represent the core polyadenylation machinery. Multiple genes were detected for several proteins in Entamoeba, while gene redundancy is lower in Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Congruently with their relevance in the polyadenylation process, CPSF73 and PAP are present in all parasites, and CFIm25 is only missing in Giardia. They conserve the functional domains and predicted folding of human proteins, suggesting they may have the same roles in polyadenylation.
3D simulation of transport phenomena of onion drying with moving boundary in a vacuum oven
Authors: Demir Hasan , Cihan Ertuğrul , Demir Hande 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to perform numerical simulation of the onion drying process considering its deformed geometry. For this purpose, transport phenomena such as heat and mass transfer in the onion structure and water vapor transfer in its porous structure were simulated in 3D form with Darcy's law during the vacuum drying process for onions. The simulated results were validated by experimental data. Heat and mass transfer rates were determined using kinetic data. Simulation of onion drying revealed that deformed geometry should be included in the model to represent the faster removal of water from the onion due to the increase in mass transfer surface area. The influence of drying temperature (313, 323, 333, and 343 K) on drying time and water concentration of onion was insignificant. The mass transfer Biot number revealed that the water vapor removal from onion was controlled by intraparticle mass transfer resistance.Practical applicationsThe main purpose of the vegetable drying industry is to obtain good‐quality dried products accompanied by savings in terms of energy and time. Recently, heat and mass transfer models constructed for drying of vegetables have focused on vegetables such as potato or carrot that provide limited information due to their uniform structure. An onion slice has a porous structure and increasing spaces between its rings; therefore in this study, heat and mass transfer occurring during vacuum drying of an onion was simulated considering the deformed geometry. The analysis of transport phenomenon mechanisms involves valuable information for researchers studying drying of food and large‐scale vacuum dryer designers in which 3D simulation of onion drying revealed that the deformed geometry fitted better to experimental results than undeformed geometry. The results of 3D simulation can be used to predict drying time and energy requirements of the process better than regular numerical modeling and may serve dried onion manufacturers.
Umbilical cord hypercoiling in two rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Sarfaty Anna E. , Zeiss Caroline J. , Yekkala Krishna , Wilson Steven R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObstruction of umbilical blood flow is a common cause of death in fetal nonhuman primates, but cord accidents have not been reported in the macaque. We describe two cases of cord accident in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) resulting in fetal death at approximately 110 and 50 days of gestation, respectively.
Exercise‐based swallowing intervention (McNeill Dysphagia Therapy) with adjunctive NMES to treat dysphagia post‐stroke: A double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Carnaby Giselle D. , LaGorio Lisa , Silliman Scott , Crary Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDysphagia following stroke is prevalent; however, dysphagia treatment is often applied haphazardly and outcomes unclear. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has received increased attention as a treatment for post‐stroke dysphagia; but application data remain conflicted.ObjectiveThis study investigated effectiveness and safety of an exercise‐based swallowing therapy (McNeill Dysphagia Therapy: MDTP) +NMES for dysphagia rehabilitation following stroke.MethodsStroke patients (n = 53, x̅ age: 66 [13.2], 47.2% male) with dysphagia admitted to sub‐acute rehabilitation hospital were randomised to MDTP + NMES [NMES], MDTP + sham NMES [MDTP] or usual care [UC] swallowing therapy groups. Patients were treated for 1 hour per day for 3 weeks and monitored to 3 months by a blinded evaluator. Outcomes included clinical swallowing ability, oral intake, weight, patient perception of swallow and occurrence of dysphagia‐related complications.ResultsPost‐treatment dysphagia severity and treatment response were significantly different between groups (P ≤ .0001). MDTP demonstrated greater positive change than either NMES or UC arms, including increase in oral intake (χ2 = 5, P ≤ .022) and improved functional outcome by 3 months post‐stroke (RR = 1.72, 1.04‐2.84). Exploratory Cox regression revealed the MDTP group conferred the greatest benefit in time to “return to pre‐stroke diet” of 4.317 [95% CI: 1.08‐ 17.2, P< .03].ConclusionGreater benefit (eg reduction in dysphagia severity, improved oral intake and earlier return to pre‐stroke diet) resulted from a programme of MDTP alone vs NMES or UC.
Effect of dietary supplementation with brewer's yeast hydrolysate on growth performance, faecal microbial counts, diarrhoea score, blood profile, rectal temperature in weanling pigs challenged with lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Hu Jing , Park Jae Won , Kim In Ho 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of brewer's yeast hydrolysate (BYH) supplementation on growth performance, blood profile, diarrhoea score, faecal microbial and rectal temperature in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenged in weanling pigs. A total of 40 cross‐bred weanling pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight of 8.15 ± 0.87 kg were used in a 6 weeks experiment. Pigs were randomly allotted to the following four dietary treatments (five pigs/two replicate/treatment) according to their initial body weight and gender. Treatments were as follows: CON, basal diet + Saline injection; NC, basal diet + LPS challenge; PC1, basal diet + 1.0% BYH + saline injection; and PC2, basal diet + 1.0% BYH + LPS challenge. Our results demonstrated pig fed diets with BYH had higher (p < .05) average daily feed intake (ADFI) during week 2–4 as well as gain:feed (G:F) during the whole experimental period than pigs fed diets without BYH. At the end of experiment, faecal Escherichia coli counts in pigs with an LPS injection tended to increase (p = .08). Meanwhile, the rectal temperature concentration of IgM and lymphocyte percentage in pigs with an LPS injection increase (p = .05) at 6 and 12 hr. In conclusion, the supplementation of 1.0% BYH can improve ADFI and G:F, as well as may reduce the diarrhoea in weanling pigs.
Relationship between tracheobronchoscopic score and bronchoalveolar lavage red blood cell numbers in the diagnosis of exercise‐induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses
Authors: Lopez Sanchez Carolina M. , Kogan Clark , Gold Jenifer R. , Sellon Debra C. , Bayly Warwick M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundExercise‐induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) is diagnosed and its severity assessed by post‐exercise tracheobronchoscopy, and enumeration of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid red blood cells (BALFRBC). Minimal information is available regarding the relationship of tracheobronchoscopy score to BALFRBC number.ObjectiveEvaluate the relationship between BALFRBC number and tracheobronchoscopy scores and determine their diagnostic sensitivities.AnimalsNine sedentary horses, 21 fit Thoroughbreds, 129 Barrel Racers.MethodsNormal BALFRBC number and the effect of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on it were evaluated by performing 2 BALs 24 hours apart in sedentary horses. Tracheobronchoscopy followed by BAL was performed 247 times on 150 horses after treadmill, racetrack, or barrel racing exercise. Lastly, a BALFRBC diagnostic threshold number that optimized the geometric mean of the sensitivity and precision (F1‐score) was determined using Bayesian analysis.ResultsNo increase in BALFRBC occurred after the second BAL (mean ± SD, 304 ± 173/μL). Tracheobronchoscopy scores ranged from 0 (n = 112) to 4 (n = 4) and BALFRBC ranged from 102 to 4605268/μL. Spearman correlation between tracheobronchoscopy score and BALFRBC was weak (P < .001; rs = 0.42) with large ranges of BALFRBC associated with each tracheobronchoscopy score. The highest F1‐score occurred for a BALFRBC threshold number = 992/μL. Seventy‐five tracheobronchoscopy scores equaled 0 although BALFRBC number was ≥992/μL. Sensitivity of tracheobronchoscopy for diagnosing EIPH was poor (0.59; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.49‐0.68), compared to BALFRBC number ≥992/μL (0.93; 95% CI, 0.88‐0.96).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceFalse negatives are common with tracheobronchoscopy. Follow‐up determination of BALFRBC may be indicated for tracheobronchoscopy scores = 0 before EIPH can be ruled out.