bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating an Interprofessional Geriatric Active Learning Workshop Into Undergraduate Medical Curriculum
Authors: Jirau-Rosaly Wanda , Brown Shilpa P , Wood Elena A , Rockich-Winston Nicole 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: The aging population in the United States poses a substantial challenge to our health care system, and particularly affects the training of physicians in geriatric care. To introduce undergraduate medical students to a variety of clinical skills and concepts emphasized in geriatrics, we created an interprofessional geriatric workshop and examined changes in student perceptions of working in interprofessional teams, knowledge regarding geriatric concepts, perceptions of the pre-work material, and suggestions for curricular improvement to enhance the workshop for future students. Methods: Second-year medical students participated in a 4-hour workshop with tasks that emphasized activities of daily living, geriatric physical assessment, end-of-life discussions, Beers Criteria, and a home health assessment. Pre- and post-surveys were administered including the Students Perceptions of Interprofessional Clinical Education–Revised (SPICE-R) survey and a knowledge assessment. Student perceptions of pre-work and overall program assessment were captured after the workshop. Descriptive statistics and paired t tests assessed for significant differences. Emerging themes were analyzed using the Glaser constant comparative method. Results: Of the 186 medical student participants, 178 students completed the SPICE-R survey, demonstrating significant increases in students’ perceptions of the value of interprofessional education ( P < .001). In addition, 111 students completed the pre- and post-test for the knowledge assessment, demonstrating significant gains in geriatric concepts ( P < .001). Overall, most students perceived the pre-work as useful and felt prepared to evaluate geriatric patients. Open-ended question analysis supported results, in which 34 students indicated that they felt most comfortable performing a home health assessment and emphasized the usage of the home health simulation. Conclusions: Introducing medical students to a variety of geriatric assessments and concepts in an interprofessional environment early in their career positively influences their perceptions of working as an interprofessional team member to deliver comprehensive care to older adults.
Ischemic stroke in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients: An increasingly age-related comorbidity?
Authors: Schaefer Jan H , Stephan Christoph , Foerch Christian , Pfeilschifter Waltraud 
Published: June 2020

Introduction The global incidence of ischemic stroke among patients with human immunodeficiency virus is increasing. The aim of this controlled case analysis was to study patient characteristics, stroke etiologies, and risk factors in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients in a medical system with easy access to antiretroviral therapies. Patients and methods We conducted a retrospective, observational study of human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients treated in our stroke unit and outpatient clinic in Germany between 2012 and 2018. A control group of all patients treated for acute ischemic stroke in 2018 was used to elicit possible differences in stroke localization, etiology, and distribution of risk factors. Results Out of 3615 patients with an acute ischemic stroke, 24 (0.7%) were newly or previously diagnosed as human immunodeficiency virus-positive. Strokes in this cohort were caused by large-vessel disease (37.5%), small-vessel disease (20.8%), cryptogenic-embolism (20.8%), vasculitis (16.7%), and cardio-embolism (4.2%). Large-vessel disease-related strokes were more often located in the posterior circulation (77.8%). Compared to the control group, cardio-embolic strokes were less and vasculitis and large-vessel disease more frequent. Human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients were younger at stroke onset (53.7 ± 12.8 vs. 70.2 ± 14.6 years, p = 0.05). Discussion Although the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus-infection among patients treated for acute ischemic strokes appears low, this collective merits special attention due to a high burden of potentially modifiable risk factors and vasculitis. Conclusion Compared to previous studies, age at stroke onset was one of the highest, supporting the hypothesis that as antiretroviral therapy increases the life expectancy of people living with HIV/AIDS, they will be increasingly affected by cardiovascular disease. Human immunodeficiency virus-related cerebral vasculitis was associated with high mortality (75%).
Laxative Activities of 80% Methanolic Extract of the Leaves of Grewia ferruginea Hochst Ex A Rich in Mice
Authors: Tessema Mulusew Yemiru , Wubneh Zewdu Birhanu , Asrie Assefa Belay 
Published: June 2020

Background. There are numerous medicinal plants including the leaves of Grewia ferruginea used as traditional medicine for the treatment of constipation. This study was conducted to evaluate the laxative activity of the leaves of G ferruginea. Methods. The laxative activity of the leaves of G ferruginea was tested using 3 models: laxative activity, gastrointestinal motility, and gastrointestinal secretion tests. The effect of the plant extract on mean number of feces, fecal water content, ratio of intestinal distance traveled by the charcoal meal and intestinal fluid accumulation were evaluated and analyzed. Results. Significant increase was observed in the mean weight of wet fecal matter at 200 (1.00 ± 0.03 g, P < .05) and 400 mg/kg (1.01 ± 0.02 g, P < .01), relative to loperamide constipated negative control group. Similarly, percent fecal water content was significantly improved in extract treated groups at 100 mg/kg (52.10% ± 2.04%, P < .05), 200 mg/kg (54.02% ± 2.15%, P < .01), and 400 mg/kg (54.25% ± 2.50%, P < .01) compared with the negative control group. The gastroinestinal transit ratio was also significantly increased with 200 mg/kg ( P < .01) and 400 mg/kg ( P < .001) of the extract relative to the constipated negative control. The crude extract showed significant increase in intestinal fluid accumulation at 200 mg/kg (0.48 ± 0.07 g, P < .05) and 400 mg/kg (0.51 ± 0.08 g, P < .01) compared with the negative control. Conclusion. The results of the present study indicated that 80% methanol extract of the leaves of G ferruginea possessed significant laxative activity. As such, this study corroborates the traditional claim of using G ferruginea in the treatment of constipation.
COVID-19 and coagulation: bleeding and thrombotic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Al-Samkari Hanny , Karp Leaf Rebecca S. , Dzik Walter H. , Carlson Jonathan C. T. , Fogerty Annemarie E. , Waheed Anem , Goodarzi Katayoon , Bendapudi Pavan K. , Bornikova Larissa , Gupta Shruti , Leaf David E. , Kuter David J. , Rosovsky Rachel P. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have elevated D-dimer levels. Early reports describe high venous thromboembolism (VTE) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) rates, but data are limited. This multicenter retrospective study describes the rate and severity of hemostatic and thrombotic complications of 400 hospital-admitted COVID-19 patients (144 critically ill) primarily receiving standard-dose prophylactic anticoagulation. Coagulation and inflammatory parameters were compared between patients with and without coagulation-associated complications. Multivariable logistic models examined the utility of these markers in predicting coagulation-associated complications, critical illness, and death. The radiographically confirmed VTE rate was 4.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.9-7.3), and the overall thrombotic complication rate was 9.5% (95% CI, 6.8-12.8). The overall and major bleeding rates were 4.8% (95% CI, 2.9-7.3) and 2.3% (95% CI, 1.0-4.2), respectively. In the critically ill, radiographically confirmed VTE and major bleeding rates were 7.6% (95% CI, 3.9-13.3) and 5.6% (95% CI, 2.4-10.7), respectively. Elevated D-dimer at initial presentation was predictive of coagulation-associated complications during hospitalization (D-dimer &gt;2500 ng/mL, adjusted odds ratio [OR] for thrombosis, 6.79 [95% CI, 2.39-19.30]; adjusted OR for bleeding, 3.56 [95% CI, 1.01-12.66]), critical illness, and death. Additional markers at initial presentation predictive of thrombosis during hospitalization included platelet count &gt;450 × 109/L (adjusted OR, 3.56 [95% CI, 1.27-9.97]), C-reactive protein (CRP) &gt;100 mg/L (adjusted OR, 2.71 [95% CI, 1.26-5.86]), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) &gt;40 mm/h (adjusted OR, 2.64 [95% CI, 1.07-6.51]). ESR, CRP, fibrinogen, ferritin, and procalcitonin were higher in patients with thrombotic complications than in those without. DIC, clinically relevant thrombocytopenia, and reduced fibrinogen were rare and were associated with significant bleeding manifestations. Given the observed bleeding rates, randomized trials are needed to determine any potential benefit of intensified anticoagulant prophylaxis in COVID-19 patients.
Dynamic Control of High-Range Photoresponsivity in a Graphene Nanoribbon Photodetector
Authors: Yu Juan , Zhong Jiahong , Kuang Xiaofei , Zeng Cheng , Cao Lingkai , Liu Yanping , Liu Zongwen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGraphene has been demonstrated to be a promising material for optoelectronics and photodetection devices because of its ultra-broadband optical absorption and high carrier mobility. However, its integration with optoelectronic systems has been limited by the zero-bandgap and the lack of a gain mechanism. Herein, we demonstrate a novel photodetector based on the graphene nanoribbons (GRNs) with a sizable bandgap. Utilizing trapping charge at the interface between SiO2 and light-doped silicon, an ultrahigh gain of 22,400 has been obtained. Our devices show an enhanced photoresponsivity (~ 800 AW−1) while the response speed is still fast (up to 10 μs). This photoresponsivity is about two orders of magnitude higher compared to that of a previous graphene-based photodetector. The photodetector exhibits a wide-range tunability via source-drain bias and back gate voltage. Our work addresses key challenges for the photodetectors and potentially provides the desired pathway toward practical application of graphene photodetectors that can be externally manipulated by an electric field with fast response speed and high sensitivity.
Learning from the real practices of users of a smart carpooling app
Authors: Adelé Sonia , Dionisio Corinne 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aim
This paper explores the real practices of users of a smart carpooling application that learns their mobility habits and predicts their future trips to propose relevant matches.

Method
A combination of usage data and interviews analysis allows us to explore the commuter experience from registration to the first and the next shared rides.

Findings
The results highlight the shortcomings associated with human factors in carpooling and with human-smart system interactions. They show that perceptions of practical constraints and poor counterparts are the major reasons for difficulty in incorporating carpooling into daily mobility. Psychosocial barriers take different forms at different steps of the carpooling experience (search for information or guarantees about other users, the necessity of conversing with others, much uncertainty about how to behave). The fact that the service is smart amplifies these problems and reduces the desire to carpool again because it creates new misunderstandings (i.e., the user does not understand what the system vs. the other users do) and discomfort in relation to other riders (no answer, too many refusals, necessity of refusing, negative carpool experience, or concern over proposing a bad carpool). Despite these difficulties, the users perceive carpooling as a good solution and a positive human experience when the matching is accurate. We propose some recommendations to overcome the identified difficulties.
Freight distribution in urban areas: a method to select the most important loading and unloading areas and a survey tool to investigate related demand patterns
Authors: Diana Marco , Pirra Miriam , Woodcock Andree 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCities all around the world are observing increasing levels of urban freight activities owing to the growth of internet shopping combined to the traditional distribution to shops, creating additional problems in terms of congestions and environmental impacts. This study, developed within the European Project SUITS framework, aims at showing how Local Authorities can effectively observe freight flows from the demand side. This led to the design, implementation and testing of a spatial cluster analysis approach to understand which are the most important loading/unloading parking spots in an urban setting by processing the GPS traces of a fleet of logistic vehicles. Later field activities should focus on these important areas to maximize the efficiency of the survey. A survey of retailers and shops in such areas to observe delivering activities is then proposed. The whole process, namely the spatial analysis and the field survey, was then tested to the real case of an Italian city (Turin) to assess the potentiality of the methods. The methodology proposed can give useful insights to Local Authorities on a way of monitoring the freight distribution patterns at the more disaggregated individual loading/unloading area.
An empirical Bayes approach to normalization and differential abundance testing for microbiome data
Authors: Liu Tiantian , Zhao Hongyu , Wang Tao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdvances in DNA sequencing have offered researchers an unprecedented opportunity to better study the variety of species living in and on the human body. However, the analysis of microbiome data is complicated by several challenges. First, the sequencing depth may vary by orders of magnitude across samples. Second, species are rare and the data often contain many zeros. Third, the specimen is a fraction of the microbial ecosystem, and so the data are compositional carrying only relative information. Other characteristics of microbiome data include pronounced over-dispersion in taxon abundances, and the existence of a phylogenetic tree that relates all bacterial species. To address some of these challenges, microbiome analysis workflows often normalize the read counts prior to downstream analysis. However, there are limitations in the current literature on the normalization of microbiome data.ResultsUnder the multinomial distribution for the read counts and a prior for the unknown proportions, we propose an empirical Bayes approach to microbiome data normalization. Using a tree-based extension of the Dirichlet prior, we further extend our method by incorporating the phylogenetic tree into the normalization process. We study the impact of normalization on differential abundance analysis. In the presence of tree structure, we propose a phylogeny-aware detection procedure.ConclusionsExtensive simulations and gut microbiome data applications are conducted to demonstrate the superior performance of our empirical Bayes method over other normalization methods, and over commonly-used methods for differential abundance testing. Original R scripts are available at GitHub (https://github.com/liudoubletian/eBay).
LPS-treatment of bovine endometrial epithelial cells causes differential DNA methylation of genes associated with inflammation and endometrial function
Authors: Jhamat Naveed , Niazi Adnan , Guo Yongzhi , Chanrot Metasu , Ivanova Elena , Kelsey Gavin , Bongcam-Rudloff Erik , Andersson Göran , Humblot Patrice 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundLipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin stimulates pro-inflammatory pathways and is a key player in the pathological mechanisms involved in the development of endometritis. This study aimed to investigate LPS-induced DNA methylation changes in bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEECs), which may affect endometrial function. Following in vitro culture, bEECs from three cows were either untreated (0) or exposed to 2 and 8 μg/mL LPS for 24 h.ResultsDNA samples extracted at 0 h and 24 h were sequenced using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). When comparing DNA methylation results at 24 h to time 0 h, a larger proportion of hypomethylated regions were identified in the LPS-treated groups, whereas the trend was opposite in controls. When comparing LPS groups to controls at 24 h, a total of 1291 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified (55% hypomethylated and 45% hypermethylated). Integration of DNA methylation data obtained here with our previously published gene expression data obtained from the same samples showed a negative correlation (r = − 0.41 for gene promoter,r = − 0.22 for gene body regions,p < 0.05). Differential methylation analysis revealed that effects of LPS treatment were associated with methylation changes for genes involved in regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, cell adhesion, and external stimuli. Gene ontology and pathway analyses showed that most of the differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were associated with cell proliferation and apoptotic processes; and pathways such as calcium-, oxytocin- and MAPK-signaling pathways with recognized roles in innate immunity. Several DMGs were related to systemic inflammation and tissue re-modelling includingHDAC4, IRAK1, AKT1, MAP3K6, Wnt7AandADAMTS17.ConclusionsThe present results show that LPS altered the DNA methylation patterns of bovine endometrial epithelial cells. This information, combined with our previously reported changes in gene expression related to endometrial function, confirm that LPS activates pro-inflammatory mechanisms leading to perturbed immune balance and cell adhesion processes in the endometrium.
QTL mapping of web blotch resistance in peanut by high-throughput genome-wide sequencing
Authors: Liu Hua , Sun Ziqi , Zhang Xinyou , Qin Li , Qi Feiyan , Wang Zhenyu , Du Pei , Xu Jing , Zhang Zhongxin , Han Suoyi , Li Shaojian , Gao Meng , Zhang Lina , Cheng Yujie , Zheng Zheng , Huang Bingyan , Dong Wenzhao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Web blotch is one of the most important foliar diseases worldwide in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for peanut web blotch resistance represents the basis for gene mining and the application of molecular breeding technologies.

Results
In this study, a peanut recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was used to map QTLs for web blotch resistance based on high-throughput genome-wide sequencing. Frequency distributions of disease grade and disease index in five environments indicated wide phenotypic variations in response to web blotch among RILs. A high-density genetic map was constructed, containing 3634 bin markers distributed on 20 peanut linkage groups (LGs) with an average genetic distance of 0.5 cM. In total, eight QTLs were detected for peanut web blotch resistance in at least two environments, explaining from 2.8 to 15.1% of phenotypic variance. Two major QTLs qWBRA04 and qWBRA14 were detected in all five environments and were linked to 40 candidate genes encoding nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) or other proteins related to disease resistances.

Conclusions
The results of this study provide a basis for breeding peanut cultivars with web blotch resistance.
The transcriptional reprograming and functional identification of WRKY family members in pepper’s response to Phytophthora capsici infection
Authors: Cheng Wei , Jiang Yan , Peng Jiangtao , Guo Jianwen , Lin Menglan , Jin Chengting , Huang Jinfeng , Tang Weiqi , Guan Deyi , He Shuilin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Plant transcription factors (TFs) are key transcriptional regulators to manipulate the regulatory network of host immunity. However, the globally transcriptional reprogramming of plant TF families in response to pathogens, especially between the resistant and susceptible host plants, remains largely unknown.

Results
Here, we performed time-series RNA-seq from a resistant pepper line CM334 and a susceptible pepper line EC01 upon challenged with Phytophthora capsici, and enrichment analysis indicated that WRKY family most significantly enriched in both CM334 and EC01. Interestingly, we found that nearly half of the WRKY family members were significantly up-regulated, whereas none of them were down-regulated in the two lines. These induced WRKY genes were greatly overlapped between CM334 and EC01. More strikingly, most of these induced WRKY genes were expressed in time-order patterns, and could be mainly divided into three subgroups: early response (3 h-up), mid response (24 h-up) and mid-late response (ML-up) genes. Moreover, it was found that the responses of these ML-up genes were several hours delayed in EC01. Furthermore, a total of 19 induced WRKY genes were selected for functional identification by virus-induced gene silencing. The result revealed that silencing of CaWRKY03–6, CaWRKY03–7, CaWRKY06–5 or CaWRKY10–4 significantly increase the susceptibility to P. capsici both in CM334 and EC01, indicating that they might contribute to pepper’s basal defense against P. capsici; while silencing of CaWRKY08–4 and CaWRKY01–10 significantly impaired the disease resistance in CM334 but not in EC01, suggesting that these two WRKY genes are prominent modulators specifically in the resistant pepper plants.

Conclusions
These results considerably extend our understanding of WRKY gene family in pepper’s resistance against P. capsici and provide potential applications for genetic improvement against phytophthora blight.
Revealing biomass heterosis in the allodiploid xBrassicoraphanus, a hybrid between Brassica rapa and Raphanus sativus, through integrated transcriptome and metabolites analysis
Authors: Yi Gibum , Shin Hosub , Park Hye Rang , Park Jeong Eun , Ahn Jong Hwa , Lim Sooyeon , Lee Jeong Gu , Lee Eun Jin , Huh Jin Hoe 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Heterosis is biologically important but the molecular basis of the phenomenon is poorly understood. We characterized intergeneric hybrids between B. rapa cv. Chiifu and R. sativus cv. WK10039 as an extreme example of heterosis. Taking advantage of clear heterosis phenotypes and the genetic distance between parents, we performed transcriptome and metabolite analysis to decipher the molecular basis of heterosis.

Results
The heterosis was expressed as fresh weight in the field and as inflorescence stem length in the glass house. Flowering time, distributed as a normal segregating population, ranged from the early flowering of one parent to the late flowering of the other, in contrast to the homogeneous flowering time in a typical F1 population, indicating unstable allelic interactions. The transcriptome and metabolome both indicated that sugar metabolism was altered, suggesting that the change in metabolism was linked to the heterosis. Because alleles were not shared between the hybridized genomes, classic models only partly explain this heterosis, indicating that other mechanisms are involved.

Conclusion
The differential expression of genes for primary and secondary metabolism, along with the altered metabolite profiles, suggests that heterosis could involve a change in balance between primary and secondary metabolism.