bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confucianism and Same-Sex Marriage
Authors: Bai Tongdong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the majority opinion by the U.S. Supreme Court over same-sex marriage, a claim by Confucius was quoted, which led to an uproar among Confucian scholars in mainland China. In this article, I will first explain the background of the debate over same-sex marriage in the United States, and why Confucius's claim was quoted. I will then show how a contemporary Confucian philosopher Zhang Xianglong addressed the issue of same-sex marriage from a Confucian perspective. In my view, compared with other mainland Confucians' responses, Zhang's are one of the most scholarly and moderate responses that nevertheless follow Confucian values. But he eventually rejected same-sex marriage on the Confucian ground. I will argue that, based on some Confucian values and principles which are shared by Zhang, we can answer Zhang's concerns with same-sex marriage, thus offering an even more moderate Confucian stance that accepts same-sex marriage. But this stance is still different from the typical liberal one. We will also see that, in order to accept same-sex marriage, it is the liberals, not the Confucians, who will have to deal with an issue—the acceptance of polygamy—that poses a serious challenge to the principle of equality, which is fundamental to some liberals.
Air pollution control strategies directly limiting national health damages in the US
Authors: Ou Yang , West J. Jason , Smith Steven J. , Nolte Christopher G. , Loughlin Daniel H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from fuel combustion significantly contributes to global and US mortality. Traditional control strategies typically reduce emissions for specific air pollutants and sectors to maintain pollutant concentrations below standards. Here we directly set national PM2.5 mortality cost reduction targets within a global human-earth system model with US state-level energy systems, in scenarios to 2050, to identify endogenously the control actions, sectors, and locations that most cost-effectively reduce PM2.5 mortality. We show that substantial health benefits can be cost-effectively achieved by electrifying sources with high primary PM2.5 emission intensities, including industrial coal, building biomass, and industrial liquids. More stringent PM2.5 reduction targets expedite the phaseout of high emission intensity sources, leading to larger declines in major pollutant emissions, but very limited co-benefits in reducing CO2 emissions. Control strategies limiting health damages achieve the greatest emission reductions in the East North Central and Middle Atlantic states.
Effect of elevated magnesium sulfate on two riparian tree species potentially impacted by mine site contamination
Authors: Canham Caroline A. , Cavalieri Ornela Y. , Setterfield Samantha A. , Freestone Fiona L. , Hutley Lindsay B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGlobally, mining activities have been responsible for the contamination of soils, surface water and groundwater. Following mine closure, a key issue is the management of leachate from waste rock accumulated during the lifetime of the mine. At Ranger Uranium Mine in northern Australia, magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) leaching from waste rock has been identified as a potentially significant surface and groundwater contaminant which may have adverse affects on catchment biota. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of elevated levels of MgSO4 on two riparian trees; Melaleuca viridiflora and Alphitonia excelsa. We found that tolerance to MgSO4 was species-specific. M. viridiflora was tolerant to high concentrations of MgSO4 (15,300 mg l-1), with foliar concentrations of ions suggesting plants regulate uptake. In contrast, A. excelsa was sensitive to elevated concentrations of MgSO4 (960 mg l-1), exhibiting reduced plant vigour and growth. This information improves our understanding of the toxicity of MgSO4 as a mine contaminant and highlights the need for rehabililitation planning to mitigate impacts on some tree species of this region.
Vitamin C alleviates acute enterocolitis in Campylobacter jejuni infected mice
Authors: Mousavi Soraya , Escher Ulrike , Thunhorst Elisa , Kittler Sophie , Kehrenberg Corinna , Bereswill Stefan , Heimesaat Markus M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHuman foodborne infections with the zoonotic pathogen Campylobacter jejuni are on the rise and constitute a significant socioeconomic burden worldwide. The health-beneficial, particularly anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin C (ascorbate) are well known. In our preclinical intervention study, we assessed potential anti-pathogenic and immunomodulatory effects of ascorbate in C. jejuni-infected secondary abiotic IL-10−/− mice developing acute campylobacteriosis similar to humans. Starting 4 days prior peroral C. jejuni-infection, mice received synthetic ascorbate via the drinking water until the end of the experiment. At day 6 post-infection, ascorbate-treated mice harbored slightly lower colonic pathogen loads and suffered from less severe C. jejuni-induced enterocolitis as compared to placebo control animals. Ascorbate treatment did not only alleviate macroscopic sequelae of infection, but also dampened apoptotic and inflammatory immune cell responses in the intestines that were accompanied by less pronounced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Remarkably, the anti-inflammatory effects of ascorbate pretreatment in C. jejuni-infected mice were not restricted to the intestinal tract but could also be observed in extra-intestinal compartments including liver, kidneys and lungs. In conclusion, due to the potent anti-inflammatory effects observed in the clinical murine C. jejuni-infection model, ascorbate constitutes a promising novel option for prophylaxis and treatment of acute campylobacteriosis.
Lanthanum chloride impairs spatial learning and memory by inducing [Ca2+]m overload, mitochondrial fission–fusion disorder and excessive mitophagy in hippocampal nerve cells of rats
Authors: Yu Miao , Yang Jinghua , Gao Xiang , Sun Wenchang , Liu Shiyu , Han Yarao , Lu Xiaobo , Jin Cuihong , Wu Shengwen , Cai Yuan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Lanthanum (La) is a kind of rare earth element (REE) widely found in nature. La has neurotoxicity and can impair learning and memory, but the underlying mechanism is still not completely clear. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex can cause the uptake of cytoplasmic calcium ([Ca2+]c) into mitochondria and thereby resist [Ca2+]c overload. However, the abnormal increase of calcium in the mitochondrial matrix ([Ca2+]m) can also disturb the mitochondrial fission–fusion balance, and then induce excessive mitophagy, and disrupt mitochondrial quality control (MQC). It is unclear whether La can interfere with the function of nerve cells through the above-mentioned mechanism and thus impair learning and memory. In this study, four groups of Wistar rats were treated with 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% (w/v) lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) from the embryonic phase to 1 month after weaning. The results showed that La could impair the spatial learning and memory of rats, promote the uptake of [Ca2+]c by MCU, induce the abnormal increase of [Ca2+]m, up-regulate p-Drp1 Ser616 expression and inhibit Mfn1/2 expression, enhance mitochondrial fission and lead to mitochondrial fission–fusion disturbance in hippocampal nerve cells. Meanwhile, La could also activate the PINK1–Parkin signaling pathway, up-regulate LC3B-II expression and decrease p62 expression, and thereby induce excessive mitophagy. These results suggested that learning and memory impairment caused by La may be related to MQC disturbance. The present data provide some novel clues for elucidating the neurotoxic effect mechanism of La.
Arterielle Gefäßsteifigkeit – Ein neuer Parameter zur Beurteilung des Herz-Kreislauf-Risikos in der Praxis
Authors: Gündling Anika A. C. , Gündling Peter W. 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Messung der arteriellen Gefäßsteifigkeit mittels digitaler Volumenplethysmographie ist eine nichtinvasive Methode, um die Funktion der Arterien und damit das Herz-Kreislauf-Risiko einschätzen zu können. Ihre Bedeutung und Einsatzmöglichkeiten in der täglichen Praxis konnten in den letzten Jahren durch große Studien – wie der Mainzer populationsbasierten Gutenberg-Gesundheitsstudie an über 12 000 Personen – überprüft und bestätigt werden.
Dual-anonymization Yields Promising Results for Reducing Gender Bias: A Naturalistic Field Experiment of Applications for Hubble Space Telescope Time
Authors: Johnson Stefanie K. , Kirk Jessica F. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Using archival data, we examine the effects of the Hubble Space Telescope Time Allocation Committee (HST TAC)'s decision to adopt a dual- rather than single-anonymous review process. The change involved removing, to varying degrees, information about the Principal Investigator (PI) with the goal of reducing bias against women. Proposals led by female PIs were significantly more likely to be accepted in the five cycles following the changes compared to the 11 cycles using a single-anonymous review system. Taking a closer look at why these changes emerged, we examined data at the reviewer-level in the cycle immediately preceding the change compared to three of the cycles after the change. We found that male reviewers rated female PIs significantly worse than they rated male PIs before, but not after, dual-anonymization was adopted.
Insight Into the Posthospital Syndrome: A 3-Month Longitudinal Follow up on Geriatric Syndromes and Their Association With Functional Decline, Readmission, and Mortality
Authors: van Seben Rosanne , Covinsky Kenneth E , Reichardt Lucienne A , Aarden Jesse J , van der Schaaf Marike , van der Esch Martin , Engelbert Raoul H H , Twisk Jos W R , Bosch Jos A , Buurman Bianca M 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcute hospitalization may lead to posthospital syndrome, but no studies have investigated how this syndrome manifests and geriatric syndromes are often used as synonym. However, studies on longitudinal associations between syndromes and adverse outcomes are scarce. We aimed to analyze longitudinal associations between geriatric syndromes and functional decline (FD), readmission, and mortality.MethodsProspective cohort study, including 401 acutely hospitalized patients (aged ≥ 70). We performed: (i) logistic regression analyses to assess associations between patterns of geriatric syndromes as they develop over time (between admission and 1 month postdischarge), and FD and readmission; (ii) generalized estimating equations to assess longitudinal associations between geriatric syndromes over five time points (admission, discharge, 1, 2, and 3 months postdischarge) and FD, mortality, and readmission at 3 months postdischarge.ResultsAfter syndrome absent, syndrome present at both admission and 1 month postdischarge was most prevalent. Persistent patterns of apathy (odds ratio [OR] = 4.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.54–12.30), pain (OR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.21–8.8), malnutrition (OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.35–8.56), mobility impairment (OR = 6.65, 95% CI = 1.98–22.38), and fear of falling (OR = 3.17, 95% CI = 1.25–8.02) were associated with FD. Developing cognitive impairment (OR = 6.40, 95% CI = 1.52–26.84), fatigue (OR = 4.71, 95% CI = 1.03–21.60), and fall risk (OR = 4.30, 95% CI = 1.21–16.57) postdischarge, was associated with readmission; however, only 4%–6% developed these syndromes. Over the course of five time points, mobility impairment, apathy, and incontinence were longitudinally associated with FD; apathy, malnutrition, fatigue, and fall risk with mortality; malnutrition with readmission.ConclusionMost geriatric syndromes are present at admission and patients are likely to retain them postdischarge. Several geriatric syndromes are longitudinally associated with mortality and, particularly, persistently present syndromes place persons are at risk of FD. Although few persons develop syndromes postdischarge, those developing cognitive impairment, fatigue, and fall risk were at increased readmission risk.
Chromatin regulation of somatic abiotic stress memory
Authors: Bäurle Isabel , Trindade Inês 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn nature, plants are often subjected to periods of recurrent environmental stress that can strongly affect their development and productivity. To cope with these conditions, plants can remember a previous stress, which allows them to respond more efficiently to a subsequent stress, a phenomenon known as priming. This ability can be maintained at the somatic level for a few days or weeks after the stress is perceived, suggesting that plants can store information of a past stress during this recovery phase. While the immediate responses to a single stress event have been extensively studied, knowledge on priming effects and how stress memory is stored is still scarce. At the molecular level, memory of a past condition often involves changes in chromatin structure and organization, which may be maintained independently from transcription. In this review, we will summarize the most recent developments in the field and discuss how different levels of chromatin regulation contribute to priming and plant abiotic stress memory.
Scholarly Output by Army General Surgery Residents
Authors: Plackett Timothy P , Gagliano Ronald A , Kuehn Reed B , Deveaux Peter J , Seery Jason M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Introduction
To characterize and compare the scholarly activity of applicants to Army First Year Graduate Medical Education (FYGME) general surgery positions over the course of a residency.

Methods
All applicants for the 2011–2012 Army FYGME positions in general surgery were included. Applications were used to obtain demographics and peer-reviewed publications. Publications were verified using PubMed and Google Scholar. Applicants were tracked for acceptance to a FYGME position, graduation from a general surgery program, and future publications. Comparisons were made between selectees and non-selectees.

Results
There were 46 applicants for 22 positions. Seven of the selectees (32%) had prior publications versus three non-selectees (12%; p &lt; 0.109). Eighteen of the selectees went on to complete a general surgery residency by 2017. Of those who completed a general surgery residency, 16 (89%) have at least one publication with the mean number of publications of 4.0 versus 10 (43%), and of those not selected had at least one publication and the mean number of publications was 0.7 (p &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
The majority of applications for general surgery residencies have no prior research publications. However, after 6 years, graduates of a general surgery residency have significantly published out those not selected for training.
Development of a Leader Tool for Assessing and Mitigating Suicide Risk Factors
Authors: Hoyt Tim , Repke Diana , Barry David , Baisley Margaret , Jervis Shellie , Black Ryan , McCreight Sarah , Prendergast Daniel , Brinton Chauncy , Amin Rohul 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionDespite efforts in prevention, suicide rates in the US military remain unchanged. This article describes the development of a tool for leaders to identify and mitigate suicide risk factors.MethodsA seven-item measure, the Leader Suicide Risk Assessment Tool (LSRAT), was constructed to allow leaders to assess and mitigate suicide drivers. During a 6-mo pilot, unit leaders completed the LSRAT for 161 at-risk soldiers. The LSRAT data were compared to clinical data from a subset of these soldiers.ResultsThe LSRAT showed good test-retest reliability. The LSRAT scores showed significant correlations with both clinical and screening measures of suicidality. Command actions mitigated or partially mitigated 89% of risk factors identified on the LSRAT.ConclusionsThis study provides initial psychometric data on a tool that prescribes concrete responses to mitigate risk. The LSRAT may be a valid and feasible tool to assist front-line commanders in identifying potential area’s risk mitigation. Synchronization efforts between commanders, clinicians, and support services are crucial to ensure effective intervention to prevent suicide behavior.
Evaluation of Blast Overpressure Exposure Effects on Concentration of Antibiotics in Mice
Authors: Antonic Vlado , Sajja Venkatasivasaisujith , Sousa Jason , Nguyen Ken , Alamneh Yonas , Garry Brittany , Medina-Rojas Maria , Wilder Donna , Vuong Chau , Potter Brittney , Zurawski Daniel , Shearer Jonathan , Black Chad , Demons Samandra , Long Joseph , Tyner Stuart 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective
Infection as sequelae to explosion-related injury is an enduring threat to our troops. There are limited data on the effects of blast on antibiotic pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and efficacy. The observational study presented here is our Institute’s first attempt to address this issue by combining our existing interdepartmental blast, infection modeling, and in vivo PK/PD capabilities and was designed to determine the PK effects of blast on the first-line antibiotic, cefazolin, in an in vivo mouse model.

Methods
A total of 160 male BALB/c mice were divided to sham and blast (exposed to blast overpressure of 19 psi) in two biological replicates. At 1 hour after blast/sham exposure, the animals received IV injection of cefazolin (328 mg/kg). Animals were euthanized at 3 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 3 hours, 6 hours, or 10 hours after the injection. Plasma and liver were analyzed for concentration of cefazolin using mass-spectrometry.

Results
We observed increases in the concentration of cefazolin in the plasma and liver of blast exposed animals at later time points and increase in elimination half-life.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that blast-induced physiologic changes significantly influence cefazolin PK and suggest that efficacy could be affected in the context of the blast; assessment of efficacy and PD effects require further investigation. Metabolic changes resulting from blast may influence other classes of antibiotics and other therapeutics used with these injuries. Therefore, this may have important treatment considerations in other areas of military medicine.
Prehospital Battlefield Casualty Intervention Decision Cognitive Study
Authors: Schweizer Marc A , Wampler David , Lu Kevin , Oh Andrew S , Rahm Stephen J , Studer Nicholas M , Cunningham Cord W 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionAirway compromise is the third most common cause of preventable battlefield death. Surgical cricothyroidotomy (SC) is recommended by Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) guidelines when basic airway maneuvers fail. This is a descriptive analysis of the decision-making process of prehospital emergency providers to perform certain airway interventions.MethodsWe conducted a scenario-based survey using two sequential video clips of an explosive injury event. The answers were used to conduct descriptive analyses and multivariable logistic regression models to estimate the association between the choice of intervention and training factors.ResultsThere were 254 respondents in the survey, 176 (69%) of them were civilians and 78 (31%) were military personnel. Military providers were more likely to complete TCCC certification (odds ratio [OR]: 13.1; confidence interval [CI]: 6.4–26.6; P-value &lt; 0.001). The SC was the most frequently chosen intervention after each clip (29.92% and 22.10%, respectively). TCCC-certified providers were more likely to choose SC after viewing the two clips (OR: 1.9; CI: 1.2–3.2; P-value: 0.009), even after controlling for relevant factors (OR: 2.3; CI: 1.1–4.8; P-value: 0.033).ConclusionsMilitary providers had a greater propensity to be certified in TCCC, which was found to increase their likelihood to choose the SC in early prehospital emergency airway management.
When Exception to Policy Is Exceptional Policy: How Booking Physical Therapy Appointments Too Far in the Future May Adversely Impact Access to Care, Business Optimization, and Readiness
Authors: Baker Sarah E , Silvernail Jason , Scoville Charles , Kushner Scott , Mabry Lance , Konitzer Lisa , Easley Sean , Iveson Brian , Sims Crystal , Stoeker Steven , Gudorf Genevieve 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Physical therapy (PT) is a high-volume service that treats musculoskeletal injury and improves return-to-duty rates. Our experience suggests that no-show (NS) and patient cancellation (PC) rates increase the further appointment that is booked in the future, impede access to care, and increase the healthcare delivery costs. The article’s purpose is to examine PT National Capitol Region (NCR) appointment data to inform appointment policies.

Methods
We utilized one year of retrospective Military Health System Management and Reporting Tool and Composite Health Care System Ad Hoc Data Pulls to review NCR PT appointment data to evaluate the effect of timing on NS and PC rates.

Results
We analyzed 797 new appointments at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center. Data revealed that 16% of patients seen within 10 days NS or PC; 22% of patients seen between 11 and 20 days NS or PC; 28% of patients seen 21 to 30 days NS or PC; and 25% of patients seen over 30 days after consultation NS or PC. We analyzed 182,134 PT appointments (all types) in the NCR. The NS rate was 11.1% (range 8.4–14.9%).

Conclusions
At Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 17% of new appointments were lost when they were booked over 20 days in advance; additionally, NS and PC rates were greatest after 20 days from consultation.
Exploring the differences of integrated and spatially resolved analysis using integral field unit data: the case of Abell 14
Authors: Akras Stavros , Monteiro Hektor , Aleman Isabel , Farias Marcos A F , May Daniel , Pereira Claudio B 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a new approach to study planetary nebulae using integral field spectroscopy. VLT@VIMOS datacube of the planetary nebula Abell 14 is analysed in three different ways by extracting: (i) the integrated spectrum, (ii) one-dimensional simulated long-slit spectra for different position angles, and (iii) spaxel-by-spaxel spectra. These data are used to build emission-line diagnostic diagrams and explore the ionization structure and excitation mechanisms combining data from one- and three-dimensional photoionization models. The integrated and 1D simulated spectra are suitable for developing diagnostic diagrams, while the spaxel spectra can lead to misinterpretation of the observations. We find that the emission-line ratios of Abell 14 are consistent with UV photoionised emission; however, there are some pieces of evidence of an additional thermal mechanism. The chemical abundances confirm its previous classification as a Type I planetary nebula, without spatial variation. We find, though, variation in the ionization correction factors as a function of the slit’s position angle. The star at the geometric centre of Abell 14 has an A5 spectral type with an effective temperature of Teff = 7909 ± 135 K and surface gravity log(g) = 1.4 ± 0.1 cm s−2. Hence, this star cannot be responsible for the ionization state of the nebula. Gaia parallaxes of this star yield distances between 3.6 and 4.5 kpc in good agreement with the distance derived from a three-dimensional photoionization modelling of Abell 14, indicating the presence of a binary system at the centre of the planetary nebula.