bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terminalia (Combretaceae) in northern tropical Africa: Priority and typification of T. schimperiana and T. glaucescens; typification of other synonyms of T. schimperiana and of T. avicennioides
Authors: Friis Ib , Demissew Sebsebe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSince M.E. Griffiths in 1959 published a revision of the African species of Terminalia, it has been accepted that a species referred to as T. glaucescens occurs across the continent from the Atlantic coast of West Africa to Ethiopia, and our study confirms this. However, the nomenclatural history of a name competing for priority, T. schimperiana, has not been sorted out. Terminalia glaucescens is used for plants in West and Central Africa, while T. schimperiana is used for plants in the Sudan, South Sudan and Ethiopia. According to the Code, T. schimperiana was effectively and validly published on printed labels with the Schimper exsiccata Iter Abyssinicum III 1638, which was distributed between March and December, 1844, while T. glaucescens was published in 1849. Terminalia schimperiana therefore has priority and should be used for the species throughout its range. The history of the type collection of T. schimperiana is outlined. Lectotypes are selected for both names and for other synonyms. Terminalia avicennioides is also dealt with, as the two species were initially confused. The type of T. avicennioides is lost; the name is lectotypified with the original illustration, which, even in combination with the original description, does not show sufficient characters to distinguish the species from other Terminalia in the region. An epitype agreeing with the current delimitation of T. avicennioides is therefore also selected.
Youth perceptions of climate change: A narrative synthesis
Authors: Lee Katharine , Gjersoe Nathalia , O'Neill Saffron , Barnett Julie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite the scale of the predicted impact of climate change on future generations, most of the academic literature investigating perceptions of climate change relates to adults or young adults rather than children and adolescents. In this review, we synthesize literature relating to 8‐ to 19‐year‐old's perceptions and understandings of climate change, in order to identify trends and inconsistencies, potential gaps in knowledge, and directions for future research. A comprehensive search strategy identified 51 international studies, using quantitative (n = 36), qualitative (n = 9), and mixed methods (n = 6). The included studies date from 1993 to 2018. The analysis outlines levels of reported belief and concern about climate change and perceptions of its causes and consequences. It also details reported perceptions of viable solutions to climate change and notions of responsibility for implementing these. Scientifically accurate knowledge generally increased with age, although misconceptions persisted across the age range. In some studies, younger children expressed greater concern and were more willing to take action than older adolescents. Levels of belief, concern, and willingness to take action were lower in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia than in other countries. In conclusion, we discuss potential explanations for these age and place‐related differences, examining the age‐related findings in the context of concepts and theories in developmental psychology. We outline the limitations of our review and the reviewed studies, and note potential avenues for future research and implications for educational policy and practice.This article is categorized under:
Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Perceptions of Climate Change
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering at the European Spallation Source
Authors: Baxter D. , Collar J. I. , Coloma P. , Dahl C. E. , Esteban I. , Ferrario P. , Gomez-Cadenas J. J. , Gonzalez-Garcia M.C. , Kavner A. R. L. , Lewis C. M. , Monrabal F. , Vidal J. Munõz , Privitera P. , Ramanathan K. , Renner J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The European Spallation Source (ESS), presently well on its way to completion, will soon provide the most intense neutron beams for multi-disciplinary science. Fortuitously, it will also generate the largest pulsed neutrino flux suitable for the detection of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CEνNS), a process recently measured for the first time at ORNL’s Spallation Neutron Source. We describe innovative detector technologies maximally able to profit from the order-of-magnitude increase in neutrino flux provided by the ESS, along with their sensitivity to a rich particle physics phenomenology accessible through high-statistics, precision CEνNS measurements.
Geometric actions and flat space holography
Authors: Merbis Wout , Riegler Max 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper we perform the Hamiltonian reduction of the action for three- dimensional Einstein gravity with vanishing cosmological constant using the Chern-Simons formulation and Bondi-van der Burg-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) boundary conditions. An equivalent formulation of the boundary action is the geometric action on BMS3 coad- joint orbits, where the orbit representative is identified as the bulk holonomy. We use this reduced action to compute one-loop contributions to the torus partition function of all BMS3 descendants of Minkowski spacetime and cosmological solutions in flat space. We then consider Wilson lines in the ISO(2, 1) Chern-Simons theory with endpoints on the boundary, whose reduction to the boundary theory gives a bilocal operator. We use the expectation values and two-point correlation functions of these bilocal operators to compute quantum contributions to the entanglement entropy of a single interval for BMS3 invariant field theories and BMS3 blocks, respectively. While semi-classically the BMS3 boundary theory has central charges c1 = 0 and c2 = 3/GN, we find that quantum corrections in flat space do not renormalize GN, but rather lead to a non-zero c1.
How service users and carers understand, perceive, rephrase, and communicate about “depressive episode” and “schizophrenia” diagnoses: an international participatory research
Authors: Roelandt Jean-Luc , Baleige Antoine , Koenig Marie , Demassiet Vincent , Agoub Mohamed , Barikova Victoria , Benmessaoud Dalila , Brunet Floriane , Carta Mauro-Giovanni , Castelpietra Giulio , Crepaz-Keay David , Daumerie Nicolas , Fontaine Audrey , Grigutyte Neringa , Kishore Jugal , Kiss Marta , Laporta Marc , Layoussif Elkhansaa , Limane Youssouf , Lopez Marcelino , Mura Gioia , Pelletier Jean-François , Raharinivo Mbolatiana , Richa Sami , Robles-Garcia Rebecca , Stona Anne-Claire , Skourteli Marina , Thévenon Catherine , Triantafyllou Michel , Vasilopoulos Fotis , Wooley Stéphanie , Reed Geoffrey , Guernut Mathilde , Saxena Shekhar , Askevis-Leherpeux Françoise 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
For ICD-11, the WHO emphasized the clinical utility of communication and the need to involve service users and carers in the revision process.

Aims
The objective was to assess whether medical vocabulary was accessible, which kinds of feelings it activated, whether and how users and carers would like to rephrase terms, and whether they used diagnosis to talk about mental health experiences.

Method
An innovative protocol focused on two diagnoses (depressive episode and schizophrenia) was implemented in 15 different countries. The same issues were discussed with users and carers: understanding, feelings, rephrasing, and communication.

Results
Most participants reported understanding the diagnoses, but associated them with negative feelings. While the negativity of “depressive episode” mostly came from the concept itself, that of “schizophrenia” was largely based on its social impact and stigmatization associated with “mental illness”.
When rephrasing “depressive episode”, a majority kept the root “depress*”, and suppressed the temporal dimension or renamed it. Almost no one suggested a reformulation based on “schizophrenia”. Finally, when communicating, no one used the phrase “depressive episode”. Some participants used words based on “depress”, but no one mentioned “episode”. Very few used “schizophrenia”.

Conclusion
Data revealed a gap between concepts and emotional and cognitive experiences. Both professional and experiential language and knowledge have to be considered as complementary. Consequently, the ICD should be co-constructed by professionals, service users, and carers. It should take the emotional component of language, and the diversity of linguistic and cultural contexts, into account.
Chronic harmine treatment has a delayed effect on mobility in control and socially defeated rats
Authors: Giacobbo Bruno Lima , Doorduin Janine , Moraga-Amaro Rodrigo , Nazario Luiza Reali , Schildt Anna , Bromberg Elke , Dierckx Rudi A.J.O. , de Vries Erik F.J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Depression is characterized by behavioral, cognitive and physiological changes, imposing a major burden on the overall wellbeing of the patient. Some evidence indicates that social stress, changes in growth factors (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)), and neuroinflammation are involved in the development and progression of the disease. The monoamine oxidase A inhibitor drug harmine was suggested to have both antidepressant and anti-inflammatory properties and may, therefore, be a potential candidate for treatment of depression.

Aim
The goal of this study was to assess the effects of harmine on behavior, brain BDNF levels, and microglia activation in control rats and a rat model of social stress.

Material and methods
Rats were submitted to 5 consecutive days of repeated social defeat (RSD) or control conditions. Animals were treated daily with harmine (15 mg/kg) or vehicle from day 3 until the end of the experiment. To assess the effects of harmine treatment on behavior, the sucrose preference test (SPT) was performed on days 1, 6, and 15, the open field test (OFT) on days 6 and 14, and the novel object recognition test (NOR) on day 16. Brain microgliosis was assessed using [11C]PBR-28 PET on day 17. Animals were terminated on day 17, and BDNF protein concentrations in the hippocampus and frontal cortex were analyzed using ELISA.

Results
RSD significantly decreased bodyweight and increased anxiety and anhedonia-related parameters in the OFT and SPT on day 6, but these behavioral effects were not observed anymore on day 14/15. Harmine treatment caused a significant reduction in bodyweight gain in both groups, induced anhedonia in the SPT on day 6, and significantly reduced the mobility and exploratory behavior of the animals in the OFT mainly on day 14. PET imaging and the NOR test did not show any significant effects on microglia activation and memory, respectively. BDNF protein concentrations in the hippocampus and frontal cortex were not significantly affected by either RSD or harmine treatment.

Discussion
Harmine was not able to reverse the acute effects of RSD on anxiety and anhedonia and even aggravated the effect of RSD on bodyweight loss. Moreover, harmine treatment caused unexpected side effects on general locomotion, both in RSD and control animals, but did not influence glial activation status and BDNF concentrations in the brain. In this model, RSD-induced stress was not strong enough to induce long-term effects on the behavior, neuroinflammation, or BDNF protein concentration. Thus, the efficacy of harmine treatment on these delayed parameters needs to be further evaluated in more severe models of chronic stress.
From cracked polytopes to Fano threefolds
Authors: Prince Thomas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe construct Fano threefolds with very ample anti-canonical bundle and Picard rank greater than one fromcracked polytopes—polytopes whose intersection with a complete fan forms a set of unimodular polytopes—using Laurent inversion; a method developed jointly with Coates–Kasprzyk. We also give constructions of rank one Fano threefolds from cracked polytopes, following work of Christophersen–Ilten and Galkin. We explore the problem of classifying polytopes cracked along a given fan in three dimensions, and classify the unimodular polytopes which can occur as ‘pieces’ of a cracked polytope.
Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus activation of the innate immune response and priming of antitumor adaptive responses in vitro
Authors: Burke Shannon , Shergold Amy , Elder Matthew J. , Whitworth Justine , Cheng Xing , Jin Hong , Wilkinson Robert W. , Harper James , Carroll Danielle K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOncolytic virus (OV) therapy is an emerging approach with the potential to redefine treatment options across a range of cancer indications and in patients who remain resistant to existing standards of care, including immuno-oncology (IO) drugs. MEDI5395, a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV), engineered to express granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), exhibits potent oncolytic activity. It was hypothesized that activation of immune cells by MEDI5395, coupled with its oncolytic activity, would enhance the priming of antitumor immunity. Using MEDI5395 and recombinant NDVs encoding fluorescent reporter genes, we demonstrated preferential virus uptake and non-productive infection in myeloid cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs). Infection resulted in immune-cell activation, with upregulation of cell surface activation markers (e.g., CD80, PD-L1, HLA-DR) and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-α2a, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α). Interestingly, in vitro M2-polarized macrophages were more permissive to virus infection than were M1-polarized macrophages. In a co-culture system, infected myeloid cells were effective virus vectors and mediated the transfer of infectious NDV particles to tumor cells, resulting in cell death. Furthermore, NDV-infected DCs stimulated greater proliferation of allogeneic T cells than uninfected DCs. Antigens released after NDV-induced tumor cell lysis were cross-presented by DCs and drove activation of tumor antigen-specific autologous T cells. MEDI5395 therefore exhibited potent immunostimulatory activity and an ability to enhance antigen-specific T-cell priming. This, coupled with its tumor-selective oncolytic capacity, underscores the promise of MEDI5395 as a multimodal therapeutic, with potential to both enhance current responding patient populations and elicit de novo responses in resistant patients.
Development and validation of a prediction model for failed shockwave lithotripsy of upper urinary tract calculi using computed tomography information: the S3HoCKwave score
Authors:   the Okayama-Ehime S.W.L. Study Group, Yoshioka Takashi , Ikenoue Tatsuyoshi , Hashimoto Hideaki , Otsuki Hideo , Oeda Tadashi , Ishito Noritaka , Watanabe Ryuta , Saika Takashi , Araki Motoo , Fukuhara Shunichi , Yamamoto Yosuke 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To develop and validate a new clinical prediction model that accurately predicts the failure of shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) using information obtained from non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (NCCT).

Methods
This multicentre retrospective cohort study consecutively enrolled patients diagnosed with upper urinary tract calculi by NCCT at five hospitals in Japan from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016. Among the candidate predictors, we selected the six most significant predictors a priori. The main outcome was SWL failure after three sessions. Model calibration was evaluated by the calibration slope and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test. Discrimination was evaluated by the receiver-operating characteristic curves and the area under the curve (AUC). A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed; based on the estimated β coefficients, predictive scores were generated.

Results
Of 2695 patients, 2271 were included. Patients were divided into the development cohort (1666 patients) and validation cohort (605 patients) according to geographical factors. We developed a clinical prediction model with scores ranging from 0 to 49 points. We named the prediction model the S3HoCKwave score based on the initials of the predictors (sex, skin-to-stone distance, size, Hounsfield units, colic, and kidney or ureter). As a result of internal validation, the optimism-corrected AUC was 0.72. In the validation cohort, the Hosmer–Lemeshow test did not show statistical significance (P = 0.33), and the AUC was 0.71 (95% confidence interval 0.65–0.76).

Conclusions
The S3HoCKwave score is easy to understand, has a relatively high predictive value, and allows clinicians to make appropriate treatment selections.
Real-life multidisciplinary treatment for unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases including hepatic artery infusion with chemo-filtration and liquid biopsy precision oncotherapy: observational cohort study
Authors: Guadagni Stefano , Clementi Marco , Mackay Andrew R. , Ricevuto Enrico , Fiorentini Giammaria , Sarti Donatella , Palumbo Paola , Apostolou Panagiotis , Papasotiriou Ioannis , Masedu Francesco , Valenti Marco , Giordano Aldo Victor , Bruera Gemma 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Hepatic artery infusion (HAI) and drug selection by liquid biopsy precision oncotherapy are under investigation for the multidisciplinary treatment of unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRCLM) in progression after systemic therapy. Here, we compare the safety and efficacy of third-line HAI followed by target therapy with drug regimes selected by liquid biopsy precision oncotherapy to third-line systemic therapy with drug regimes selected partly by tissue biopsy precision oncotherapy, in a retrospective real-life study of 106 unresectable CRCLM patients.

Methods
Drug regimens for HAI/target therapy were selected by assessing the sensitivity of purified circulating tumor cell (CTCs) to 5-fluorouracil, carboplatin, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, doxorubicin, mitomycin, raltitrexed, and melphalan in-vitro and by real-time qRT-PCR gene expression assays, and for the Systemic therapy cohort were selected by age, comorbidity, performance status, and absence of RAS mutations. Therapeutic responses, adverse events, and quality of life were evaluated by RECIST 1.1, CTCAE 4.03, and ECOG criteria, respectively, and chemo-filtration performed following HAI to reduce systemic toxic effects.

Results
HAI/target therapy with drugs selected by liquid biopsy precision oncotherapy (44 patients), resulted in 2.27% CRs, 38.63% PRs, 56.81% SD,s and 2.27% PDs; ECOG 2 to 1 improvement, but no infusion-related technical or vascular complications, or deaths. Systemic therapy (62 patients) resulted in 1.6% CRs, 17.74% PRs, 37.09% SDs, and 45.16% PDs; more grade 1–2 adverse events and 4.84% ECOG 1 to 2 worsening. The median 5 month PFS in the HAI/target therapy cohort was significantly longer than 3 months in the systemic cohort (P < 0.007) and the median 14 month survival in the HAI/target therapy cohort was longer than 8.5 months in the systemic therapy cohort but not statistically significant. Multivariate analysis identified ECOG grade 2 as the most unfavourable survival prognostic factor in both cohorts.

Conclusions
HAI plus chemo-filtration followed by target therapy, with drug regimens selected by liquid biopsy precision oncotherapy, is a safe and efficacious alternative therapeutic strategy for unresectable CRCLM in progression after two lines of systemic therapy and should be considered for a multicentre prospective phase III study, to fully confirm this potential.
Cross-talk signaling in the trigeminal ganglion: role of neuropeptides and other mediators
Authors: Messlinger Karl , Balcziak Louis K. , Russo Andrew F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe trigeminal ganglion with its three trigeminal nerve tracts consists mainly of clusters of sensory neurons with their peripheral and central processes. Most neurons are surrounded by satellite glial cells and the axons are wrapped by myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells. Trigeminal neurons express various neuropeptides, most notably, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P, and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). Two types of CGRP receptors are expressed in neurons and satellite glia. A variety of other signal molecules like ATP, nitric oxide, cytokines, and neurotrophic factors are released from trigeminal ganglion neurons and signal to neighboring neurons or satellite glial cells, which can signal back to neurons with same or other mediators. This potential cross-talk of signals involves intracellular mechanisms, including gene expression, that can modulate mediators of sensory information, such as neuropeptides, receptors, and neurotrophic factors. From the ganglia cell bodies, which are outside the blood–brain barrier, the mediators are further distributed to peripheral sites and/or to the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the brainstem, where they can affect neural transmission. A major question is how the sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglion differ from those in the dorsal root ganglion. Despite their functional overlap, there are distinct differences in their ontogeny, gene expression, signaling pathways, and responses to anti-migraine drugs. Consequently, drugs that modulate cross-talk in the trigeminal ganglion can modulate both peripheral and central sensitization, which may potentially be distinct from sensitization mediated in the dorsal root ganglion.
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)–mediated coregulator binding and gene expression discriminates the toxic ERα agonist diethylstilbestrol (DES) from the endogenous ERα agonist 17β-estradiol (E2)
Authors: Adam Aziza Hussein Bakheit , de Haan Laura H. J. , Estruch Ignacio Miro , Hooiveld Guido J. E. J. , Louisse Jochem , Rietjens Ivonne M. C. M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDiethylstilbestrol (DES) is a synthetic estrogen and proven human teratogen and carcinogen reported to act via the estrogen receptor α (ERα). Since the endogenous ERα ligand 17β-estradiol (E2) does not show these adverse effects to a similar extent, we hypothesized that DES’ interaction with the ERα differs from that of E2. The current study aimed to investigate possible differences between DES and E2 using in vitro assays that detect ERα-mediated effects, including ERα-mediated reporter gene expression, ERα-mediated breast cancer cell (T47D) proliferation and ERα-coregulator interactions and gene expression in T47D cells. Results obtained indicate that DES and E2 activate ERα-mediated reporter gene transcription and T47D cell proliferation in a similar way. However, significant differences between DES- and E2-induced binding of the ERα to 15 coregulator motifs and in transcriptomic signatures obtained in the T47D cells were observed. It is concluded that differences observed in binding of the ERα with several co-repressor motifs, in downregulation of genes involved in histone deacetylation and DNA methylation and in upregulation of CYP26A1 and CYP26B1 contribute to the differential effects reported for DES and E2.