bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression symptoms and cognitive impairment in older nursing home residents in the USA: A latent class analysis
Authors: Yuan Yiyang , Min Hye Sung , Lapane Kate L. , Rothschild Anthony J. , Ulbricht Christine M. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesTo identify subgroups of nursing home (NH) residents in the USA experiencing homogenous depression symptoms and evaluate if subgroups vary by cognitive impairment.MethodsWe identified 104 465 newly admitted, long‐stay residents with depression diagnosis at NH admission in 2014 using the Minimum Data Set 3.0. The Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 was used to measure depression symptoms and the Brief Interview of Mental Status for cognitive impairment (intact; moderately impaired; severely impaired). Latent class analysis (LCA) with logistic regression was used to: (a) construct the depression subgroups and (b) estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the associations between the subgroups and cognitive impairment level, adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics.ResultsThe best‐fitted LCA model suggested four subgroups of depression: minimal symptoms (latent class prevalence: 42.4%), fatigue (32.0%), depressed mood (14.5%), and multiple symptoms (11.2%). Odds of subgroup membership varied by cognitive impairment. Compared to residents with intact cognition, those with moderate or severe cognitive impairment were less likely to belong to the fatigue subgroup [aOR(95% CI): moderate: 0.75 (0.71‐0.80); severe: 0.26 (0.23‐0.29)] and more likely to belong to the depressed mood subgroup [aOR (95% CI): moderate: 4.54 (3.55‐5.81); severe: 6.41 (4.86‐8.44)]. Residents with moderate cognitive impairment had increased odds [aOR (95% CI): 1.19 (1.12‐1.27)] while those with severe impairment had reduced odds of being in the multiple symptoms subgroup [aOR (95% CI): 0.63 (0.58‐0.68)].ConclusionsFindings provide a basis for improving depression management with consideration of both subgroups of depression symptoms and levels of cognitive function.
A novel scoring system for stroke risk stratification in Japanese patients with low CHADS2 scores: Study using a transesophageal‐echocardiogram endpoint
Authors: Nagahara Daigo , Kamiyama Naoyuki , Fujito Takefumi , Mochizuki Atsushi , Shimoshige Shinya , Miura Tetsuji 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCatheter ablation is an effective treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF), but it carries risk of perioperative thromboembolism even in cases with low CHADS2 scores. Here, we examined whether a combination of clinical variables can predict stroke risk factors that are assessed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE).MethodsThe study population consisted of 209 consecutive AF patients with a CHADS2 score of 0 or 1 (58.7 ± 10.6 years old; persistent AF, 33.0%). All patients underwent TEE, and TEE‐determined stroke risk (TEE risk) was defined as cardiac thrombus/sludge, dense spontaneous echo contrast (SEC), and/or peak left atrial appendage (LAA) flow velocity <0.25 m/s.ResultsTransesophageal echocardiography risk was observed in 10.5% of the patients. In multivariate logistic analysis, persistent AF [odds ratio (OR): 11.5, CI: 3.14‐42.1, P = .0002], left atrial diameter (LAD) (OR: 1.10, CI: 1.01‐1.20, P = .0293), contrast medium defect (CMD) in the LAA detected by computed tomography (OR: 20.2, CI: 6.3‐65.0, P < .0001), and serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level (OR: 1.00, CI: 1.00‐1.01, P = .0056) were independent predictors of TEE risk. A new scoring system comprising LAD > 41 mm (1 point), BNP > 47 pg/mL (1 point), CMD (2 points), and persistent AF (2 points) was constructed and defined as TEE‐risk score. The area under the curve (AUC) for prediction of TEE risk was 0.631 in modified CHADS2 score and it was 0.852 in TEE‐risk score.ConclusionTransesophageal echocardiography risk is predictable by TEE‐risk score, and its combination with CHADS2 score may improve the stroke risk stratification in AF patients with a low CHADS2 score.
UHPLC coupled with mass spectrometry and chemometric analysis of Kang‐Ai injection based on the chemical characterization, simultaneous quantification, and relative quantification of 47 herbal alkaloids and saponins
Authors: Jia Mengmeng , Zhang Beibei , Qi Yuedong , Yang Jing , Yao Zhihong , Qin Zifei , Zhang Xiaojian , Yao Xinsheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractKang‐Ai injection, which is composed of Astragali Radix, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, and kushenin, is extensively used in China as an adjuvant therapy for many types of cancer and chronic hepatitis B. In the present study, 47 herbal compounds (11 alkaloids, 8 astragalosides, and 28 ginsenosides), were detected in Kang‐Ai injection by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry, of which 31 were identified using authentic standards. Additionally, a practical ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry method was employed for simultaneous quantitative detection (31 available compounds), and relative quantitative detection (16 unavailable compounds) within 10 min. The limit of detection and limit of quantification was 0.11‐2.22 and 0.53‐11.08 ng/mL, respectively. Altogether, content levels of each compound ranged from 0.03 to 9835.57 μg/mL. Furthermore, chemometric analysis indicated oxymatrine, astragaloside IV, ginsenosides Rg1 and Re, and matrine had the greatest effect on concentration fluctuation. Therefore, we suggested these five compounds should be monitored during the manufacturing process. This method can be applied to provide crucial chemical profiles and quality assessments for Kang‐Ai injection, guaranteeing the safety, effectiveness, and controllability of the drug in clinics.
Phenomenology and Management of Subthalamic Stimulation‐Induced Dyskinesia in Patients With Isolated Dystonia
Authors: Bledsoe Ian O. , Dodenhoff Kristen A. , San Luciano Marta , Volz Monica M. , Starr Philip A. , Markun Leslie C. , Ostrem Jill L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe pallidum has been the preferred DBS target for dystonia, but recent studies have shown equal or greater improvement in patients implanted in the STN.1 Transient stimulation‐induced dyskinesia (SID) is frequently observed when stimulating this novel target, and there are no previously published video case reports of this phenomenon.CasesWe describe in detail the SID phenomenology experienced by 4 patients who had been implanted with STN DBS for isolated dystonia.ConclusionsSID can occur in focal, segmental, axial, or generalized distribution, can resemble levodopa‐induced dyskinesia choreiform or dystonic movements observed in Parkinson’s disease, and is generally transient and resolves with customized DBS programming. Providers should be aware that SID can occur after STN DBS when treating isolated dystonia and not assume movements are the result of worsening or spread of the underlying dystonia.
Efficient deep‐blue light‐emitting polyfluorenes based on 9,9‐dimethyl‐9H‐thioxanthene 10,10‐dioxide isomers
Authors: Huang Zhiqi , Fu Zhaoxi , Xu Jin , Peng Feng , Guo Ting , Ying Lei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe have designed and synthesized a series of deep‐blue light‐emitting polyfluorenes, PF‐27SOs and PF‐36SOs, by introducing electron‐deficient 9,9‐dimethyl‐9H‐thioxanthene 10,10‐dioxide isomers (27SO and 36SO) into the poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (PFO) backbone. Compared with PFO, the resulting polymers exhibit an equivalent thermal decomposition temperature (>415 °C), an enhanced glass transition temperature (>99 °C), a decreased lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level (ELUMO) below −2.32 eV, a blue‐shifted photoluminescence spectra in solid film with a maximum emission at ~422 nm, and a shoulder peak at ~445 nm. The resulting polymers also show blue‐shifted and narrowed electroluminescence spectra with deep‐blue Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.16, 0.07) for PF‐27SO20 and (0.16, 0.06) for PF‐36SO30, compared with (0.17, 0.13) for PFO. Moreover, simple device based on PF‐36SO30 achieves a superior device performance with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax = 3.62%) compared with PFO (EQEmax = 0.47%). The results show that nonconjugated 9,9‐dimethyl‐9H‐thioxanthene 10,10‐dioxide isomers can effectively perturb the conjugation length of polymers, significantly weaken the charge‐transfer effect in donor–acceptor systems, substantially improve electroluminescence device efficiency, and achieve deep‐blue light emission.
Layered Ca0.28MnO2·0.5H2O as a High Performance Cathode for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Battery
Authors: Sun Tianjiang , Nian Qingshun , Zheng Shibing , Shi Jinqiang , Tao Zhanliang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries are promising candidates for grid‐scale energy storage because of their intrinsic safety, low cost, and high energy intensity. However, lack of suitable cathode materials with both excellent rate performance and cycling stability hinders further practical application of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. Here, a nanoflake‐self‐assembled nanorod structure of Ca0.28MnO2·0.5H2O as Zn‐insertion cathode material is designed. The Ca0.28MnO2·0.5H2O exhibits a reversible capacity of 298 mAh g−1 at 175 mA g−1 and long‐term cycling stability over 5000 cycles with no obvious capacity fading, which indicates that the per‐insertion of Ca ions and water can significantly improve reversible insertion/extraction stability of Zn2+ in Mn‐based layered type material. Further, its charge storage mechanism, especially hydrogen ions, is elucidated. A comprehensive study suggests that the intercalation of hydrogen ions in the first discharge plat is controled by both pH value and type of anion of electrolyte. Further, it can stabilize the Ca0.28MnO2·0.5H2O cathode and facilitate the following insertion of Zn2+ in 1 m ZnSO4/0.1 m MnSO4 electrolyte. This work can enlighten and promote the development of high‐performance rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.
Laser‐cut I‐beam‐to‐CHS column moment‐resisting steel joints
Authors: Das Rajarshi , Henriques Jose Alexandre G. , Degée Herve 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNominated for the Professor Eduardo de Arantes e Oliveira Award at XII Conference on Steel and Composite Construction in Coimbra 2019Although open‐to‐circular hollow section (CHS) connections are highly encouraged in the current structural steelwork industry thanks to the extensive range of advantages provided by the CHS columns, a complicated and expensive fabrication procedure has limited their application in practice. The additional gusset plates or stiffeners needed to strengthen a conventional open‐to‐CHS connection lead to excessive welding quantities and localized CHS distortion, thus causing an economic as well as structural disadvantage. However, if designed efficiently, the CHS connections can offer an extensive range of solutions for modern multi‐storey structures. To that end, different types of nominally pinned and moment‐resisting “passing‐through” open‐to‐CHS connections have been developed using laser cutting technology (LCT) and proposed by the European research project LASTEICON. This current article concentrates on the LASTEICON two‐way moment‐resisting connections. The non‐linear behaviour of the connections is discussed by way of an appropriate understanding of the force transfer mechanism. Furthermore, these innovative connections are compared with directly welded conventional open‐to‐CHS connections in order to highlight the advantages offered by the “passing‐through” approach.
Characterization of genetic heterogeneity within accessions in the USDA soybean germplasm collection
Authors: Mihelich Nicole T. , Mulkey Steven E. , Stec Adrian O. , Stupar Robert M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSoybean breeding relies on the use of wild (Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.) and domesticated [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm for trait improvement. Soybeans are self‐pollinating and accessions can be maintained as pure lines, however within‐accession genetic variation has been observed in previous studies of some landraces and elite cultivars. The objective of this study was to characterize within‐line variation in the accessions housed in the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection. This collection includes over 20,000 accessions, each previously genotyped using the SoySNP50K Chip. Each SoySNP50K genotype was developed by pooling approximately three individuals per accession. Therefore, clusters of SNPs called as heterozygous within an accession can be inferred to represent putative regions of heterogeneity between the three individuals sampled. In this study, we found high‐probability intervals of heterogeneity in 4% of the collection, representing 870 accessions. Heterogeneous loci were found on every chromosome and, collectively, covered 98.4% of the soybean genome and 99% of the gene models. Sanger sequencing confirmed regions of genomic heterogeneity among a subset of ten accessions. This dataset provides useful information and considerations for users of crop germplasm seed banks. Furthermore, the heterogeneous accessions and/or loci represent a unique genetic resource that is immediately available for forward and reverse genetics studies.
LLT polynomials, elementary symmetric functions and melting lollipops
Authors: Alexandersson Per 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe conjecture an explicit positive combinatorial formula for the expansion of unicellular LLT polynomials in the elementary symmetric basis. This is an analogue of the Shareshian–Wachs conjecture previously studied by Panova and the author in 2018. We show that the conjecture for unicellular LLT polynomials implies a similar formula for vertical-strip LLT polynomials. We prove positivity in the elementary symmetric basis for the class of graphs called “melting lollipops” previously considered by Huh, Nam and Yoo. This is done by proving a curious relationship between a generalization of charge and orientations of unit-interval graphs. We also provide short bijective proofs of Lee’s three-term recurrences for unicellular LLT polynomials, and we show that these recurrences are enough to generate all unicellular LLT polynomials associated with abelian area sequences.
Testing lake-level reconstructions based on rock magnetic proxies for the sediment record of Laguna Cháltel (Patagonia, Argentina)
Authors: Irurzun María A. , Palermo Pedro , Gogorza Claudia S. G. , Sinito Ana M. , Aldana Milagrosa , Costanzo-Álvarez Vincenzo , Ohlendorf Christian , Zolitschka Bernd 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study was carried out on sediment cores collected with a gravity corer from Laguna Cháltel, an almost circular crater lake located in Patagonia, Argentina (49.9°S, 71°W). The main magnetic carrier was Ti-magnetite in the pseudo–single domain range. A model using magnetic grain size and concentration, previously applied to Laguna Potrok Aike to infer lake-level changes, was used for Laguna Cháltel. The main requirement to apply the model is uniform magnetic mineralogy, which is the case for Laguna Cháltel. After magnetic data were compared with previously studied lake levels, it was found that the magnetic proxies that best follow hydrologic changes are ARM/SIRM (anhysteretic remanent magnetisation/saturation of isothermal remanent magnetisation) and ARM. The concentration proxy (ARM measured with a 100 mT alternating field and 0.05 mT direct field) was also used as wind indicator. High wind strength was found at around 3650 cal yr BP, and low wind strength for the last century. ARM/SIRM and ARM were used to infer the strength of fluvial runoff into the lake for a core collected close to the shore and near a tributary. The results show that the magnetic model is promising for inferring lake-level variations, particularly in Patagonian lakes.
Examining the Feasibility of a Mindfulness Intervention for the Prevention of Falls: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hoang Peter , Moore Kim , Kwan Matthew 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThis pilot study was designed to assess the feasibility of implementing a mindfulness intervention in the prevention of falls. We employed a quasi-experimental design consisting of 22 participants from two retirement homes in Ontario partaking in the regional falls prevention class. Participants were assigned to either an eight-week intervention, comprising mindfulness exercises incorporated into the standard falls prevention class, or to the standard falls prevention class. Participants were assessed using the Tinetti Balance and Gait Scale and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. The mindfulness intervention showed no significant effect on TUG or balance scores; however, there was a significant effect on assessments of gait. Given the ease of implementation of mindfulness-based interventions, further research may be warranted in mindfulness as a potential modality for falls prevention.
Text classification with semantically enriched word embeddings
Authors: Pittaras N. , Giannakopoulos G. , Papadakis G. , Karkaletsis V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe recent breakthroughs in deep neural architectures across multiple machine learning fields have led to the widespread use of deep neural models. These learners are often applied as black-box models that ignore or insufficiently utilize a wealth of preexisting semantic information. In this study, we focus on the text classification task, investigating methods for augmenting the input to deep neural networks (DNNs) with semantic information. We extract semantics for the words in the preprocessed text from the WordNet semantic graph, in the form of weighted concept terms that form a semantic frequency vector. Concepts are selected via a variety of semantic disambiguation techniques, including a basic, a part-of-speech-based, and a semantic embedding projection method. Additionally, we consider a weight propagation mechanism that exploits semantic relationships in the concept graph and conveys a spreading activation component. We enrich word2vec embeddings with the resulting semantic vector through concatenation or replacement and apply the semantically augmented word embeddings on the classification task via a DNN. Experimental results over established datasets demonstrate that our approach of semantic augmentation in the input space boosts classification performance significantly, with concatenation offering the best performance. We also note additional interesting findings produced by our approach regarding the behavior of term frequency - inverse document frequency normalization on semantic vectors, along with the radical dimensionality reduction potential with negligible performance loss.
Variations of Mesospheric Neutral Winds and Tides Observed by a Meteor Radar Chain Over China During the 2013 Sudden Stratospheric Warming
Authors: Li Na , Luan Xiaoli , Lei Jiuhou , Bolaji O. S. , Owolabi Charles , Chen Jinsong , Xu Zhengwen , Li Guozhu , Ning Baiqi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe neutral winds in the mesospheric and lower thermospheric region obtained from a meteor radar chain within the latitudinal range of 18–53°N were decomposed to examine the latitudinal structures of the tides and mean winds during the sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event in 2013. The zonal wind reversed from eastward to westward and the westward wind was larger at middle latitudes than that at low latitudes during the SSW. Meanwhile, a sharp increase in the northward wind was noticeable at all stations. The amplitudes of the diurnal and semidiurnal tides decreased from 5 to 13 January and increased subsequently. At the same time, the terdiurnal tides increased in amplitude, especially at Beijing, Wuhan, and Kunming, in response to the SSW. Moreover, the tidal phases showed a large shift that corresponded to a great increase in tidal wavelengths in the semidiurnal and terdiurnal components. The wavelet analysis further revealed that the quasi 6‐day wave oscillations dominated in the winds at Kunming and Sanya stations, as well as the quasi 16‐day wave dominated in the zonal wind, and the quasi 11‐day and 16‐day waves were prevailing in the meridional winds at Beijing and Wuhan. In the same vein, the quasi 16‐day and quasi 11‐day waves were prominent in the zonal and meridional winds during 1–18 January at Mohe. Therefore, the tide‐planetary wave interactions played a significant role in modulating the behaviors of the mesospheric and lower thermospheric dynamics during the SSW event.
Microscopic, Multipoint Characterization of Foreshock Bubbles With Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS)
Authors: Turner D. L. , Liu T. Z. , Wilson L. B. , Cohen I. J. , Gershman D. G. , Fennell J. F. , Blake J. B. , Mauk B. H. , Omidi N. , Burch J. L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis work presents the first detailed analysis of foreshock bubbles (FBs) using high‐resolution Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) data. Between October 2017 and January 2019, MMS captured 10 foreshock transient events with burst resolution data that we show are consistent with FBs. One “textbook” event is examined and described in detail. Employing the multipoint nature of MMS, we demonstrate how the size and orientation, expansion speed, and distance since formation can be estimated. From all 10 events, FB sizes ranged from 1.1 to 9.9 RE (average of 4.4 RE), and expansion speeds ranged from 139 to 377 km/s (average of 257 km/s). FBs formed under a usual range of solar wind conditions between 3 and 20 RE upstream of Earth's bow shock. We also report on new features of FBs: deep and localized magnetic “holes” within the cores of FBs, where the total field strength drops to <1 nT.
Wind‐Driven Barotropic Velocity Dynamics on an Antarctic Shelf
Authors: McKee Darren C. , Martinson Douglas G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractReanalysis surface stress around the Antarctic continent is used to obtain the cross‐shelf sea surface height (SSH) gradient from the shallow water equations in the long‐wave limit, and the result is compared to the observed barotropic current sampled by current meters on the western Antarctic Peninsula shelf. Similar to the dynamics of SSH, intraseasonal velocity fluctuations (periods 3–100 days) largely consist of a circumpolar‐coherent wavenumber zero mode and of barotropic shelf waves; however, an important distinction from previous studies is the importance of second mode barotropic shelf waves in the velocity signal. Fluctuations with period 40–60 days are particularly energetic. This is partly due to strong fluctuations in the wavenumber zero mode at this period, as previously demonstrated in Drake Passage transport, but also due to excitement of the second mode barotropic shelf wave. After diagnosing the wind‐driven dynamics, some of their implications for shelf‐slope exchange are discussed. Firstly, it is shown that wintertime upwelling of warm water at a coastal canyon head is associated with a coastal SSH drop. Secondly, it is argued that the waves' subtle baroclinicity over the steep continental slope modifies isopycnal depth and affects shelf access to warm water.