bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Self‐management Skills Assessment Tool for Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Vernon‐Roberts Angharad , Frampton Chris , Gearry Richard B. , Day Andrew S. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:For children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the development of self‐management skills has the potential to improve disease outcomes. No assessment tools are aimed at measuring self‐management skills in this population. A tool was developed called the IBD‐Skills Tasks and Abilities Record (IBD‐STAR) which measures children's allocation of responsibility for specific skills. IBD‐STAR contains 18 items, scored whether completed independently (score 2), with help (score 1) or not at all (score 0).Methods:Children with IBD completed IBD‐STAR; one parent and a gastroenterologist completed a series of visual analogue scales that corresponded with each IBD‐STAR section. Children's IBD‐STAR scores were examined against independent variables and compared with the parent and clinician visual analogue scale scores. Reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha.Results:Twenty‐five Cronbach's alpha with IBD participated, mean age 14 years (standard deviation (SD) 1.7), 14 (56%) were boys, and 21 (84%) had Crohn's disease. The mean IBD‐STAR score was 27.1 (SD 5.7), equivalent to a score of 75%. Age was the only independent variable significantly associated with scores (P = 0.017). Parents consistently underestimated their children in all sections, but clinician assessments were more closely aligned. Reliability for IBD‐STAR was good with an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.84.Conclusion:IBD‐STAR reports the allocation of responsibility for self‐management skills with good agreement between children and clinician, and with comprehensible differences with their parents. Such a tool may be used to identify children with IBD in need of support or to measure the efficacy of targeted interventions.
Infliximab Level Between Venous and Capillary Blood Using Novel Device Strongly Correlate in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
Authors: Zijlstra Marieke , Jongsma Maria M.E. , de Vries Annick , Schaap Tiny , Bloem Karien , de Ridder Lissy 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:Blood to measure infliximab (IFX) levels is typically obtained with venipuncture. Dried blood sampling (DBS), using capillary blood obtained from a finger prick, would be an alternative to measure IFX blood levels while being more patient friendly. The aim of this study is to compare IFX blood level measured by venipuncture versus DBS in patients with paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) to assure accuracy.Methods:A prospective clinical pilot study was performed in patients with PIBD. Before IFX infusion, blood was collected simultaneously through venipuncture and DBS from a finger prick, using Mitratips (Neoteryx). All IFX concentrations were measured by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The Bland‐Altman analysis was used to measure limits of agreement. The interrater reliability was measured with the interclass correlation coefficient and Cohen kappa. To calculate Cohen kappa, IFX levels were categorized into 3 groups; low <5 μg/mL, adequate 5 to 10 μg/mL, and high >10 μg/mL.Results:Twenty patients were included. Median age was 12.1 year (interquartile range 8–16 year). The mean difference between the 2 methods was −0.14 as calculated with Bland‐Altman plot. The limits of agreement were between −1.39 and 1.12. The interclass correlation coefficient was with 0.998 excellent. The Cohen kappa between 3 IFX level categories was strong K = 0.911 (P = 0.0001). There was a strong correlation between venous IFX serum levels and DBS (r = 0.991, P = 0.0001) in the included patients.Conclusions:This is the first study in patients with PIBD to show that bloodspot technology is a patient friendly alternative method to measure IFX blood levels in PIBD.
Switch to Efavirenz Attenuates Lipoatrophy in Girls With Perinatal HIV
Authors: Su Junwei , Shiau Stephanie , Arpadi Stephen M. , Strehlau Renate , Burke Megan , Patel Faeezah , Kuhn Louise , Coovadia Ashraf , Yin Michael T. ,   CHANGES Bone Study Team
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:Children with HIV (CHIV) have lifetime exposure to antiretrovirals (ART); therefore, optimizing their regimens to have the least impact on fat redistribution is a priority.Methods:This is a cross‐sectional study of 219 perinatally infected CHIV and 219 HIV‐uninfected controls from similar socioeconomic backgrounds in Johannesburg, South Africa. We compared total body and regional fat distribution in CHIV on suppressive ART regimens with controls and, among CHIV, between ritonavir‐boosted lopinavir (LPV/r)‐based and efavirenz (EFV)‐based regimens.Results:The mean age of the 219 uninfected children (45% girls) and the 219 CHIV (48% girls) was 7.0 and 6.4 years, respectively. CHIV had lower adjusted total body fat (P = 0.005) and lower percentage fat at the trunk (P = 0.020), arms (P = 0.001), and legs (P < 0.001) than uninfected children. CHIV on LPV/r had similar body composition as those on EFV, except for arm fat mass (P = 0.030). When stratified by sex, girls with HIV on LPV/r had lower adjusted total (P = 0.007), trunk (P = 0.002), arms (P = 0.008), legs (P = 0.048) fat mass; trunk‐to‐total body fat (P = 0.044); and higher legs‐to‐total body fat (P = 0.011) than those on EFV.Conclusions:South African CHIV receiving ART had lower global and partial fat mass and percentage fat than healthy controls. In girls with HIV with sustained virologic suppression on ART, switching from LPV/r to EFV could attenuate fat mass loss, indicating that EFV‐based regimen may be a better option in this group of individuals.
Self-Efficacy, Pain Intensity, Rheumatic Disease Duration, and Hand Functional Disability on Activities of Daily Living
Authors: Rodríguez-García Estefanía , Barnes-Ortiz Samuel , Pérez-Mármol José Manuel 
Published: August 2020

Background
Knowledge regarding the possible influence of self-efficacy, pain intensity and disease duration on hand functional disability could promote new intervention strategies for activities of daily living (ADLs) in patients with rheumatic disease (RD). These approaches could prevent the health problems and socioeconomic costs associated with these diseases.

Objective
The aims of this study were to evaluate if there are differences between the levels of perceived self-efficacy, pain intensity and disease duration among people with RD and non-RD diseases, and to analyze if hand functional disability in ADLs is related to self-efficacy, pain intensity and disease duration in a sample of patients with RD.

Methods
A multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted on a total sample of 335 participants over 50 years old (176 patients with RD and 159 individuals with non-RD). The Duruöz Hand Index, the General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale, the Rheumatic Diseases Self-Efficacy Scale (RDS-ES), the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and the mean time of evolution in years of the disease (disease duration) were used to analyze the possible relationships surrounding hand functional disability in ADLs.

Results
The comparison analysis showed significant differences between the RD/non-RD sample for the General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale, RDS-ES, and VAS scores (p < .001). The multiple regression results showed that age, General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale scores, RDS-ES scores, VAS scores, and disease duration (or a combination of some of them) explained the variability of hand functional disability in almost 68% of kitchen tasks, 44% of dressing tasks, 46% of hygiene and other tasks, and 47% of office tasks.

Discussion
Our study shows that general and domain-specific self-efficacy, pain intensity, and disease duration are predictors of the dimensions of hand functional disability in patients with RD. Early evaluation of these components with an interdisciplinary approach would help to manage hand disability properly.
Collection of Gender Identity in National Case Notifications of Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Primary and Secondary Syphilis, 2018
Authors: Torrone Elizabeth , Grier LaZetta , Gadsden-Knowles Kim , Weinstock Hillard , Stenger Mark 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In 2018, 21 (41%) jurisdictions had begun reporting gender identity for sexually transmitted disease case notifications sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Among jurisdictions with ≥70% of cases with reported gender identity and sex, 1.0% of primary and secondary syphilis cases were identified as transgender and 71% of transgender women with syphilis were concurrently coded as being male sex.
Technology-Based Closed-Loop Tracking for Improving Communication and Follow-up of Pathology Results
Authors: Rajan Suja S. , Baldwin Jessica L. , Giardina Traber D. , Singh Hardeep 
Published: August 2020

Objective
Failure to follow-up on laboratory test results can lead to missed diagnoses, diagnostic delays, patient harm, and potential malpractice claims against providers. State-of-the-art tracking technologies such as the radio frequency identification (RFID) can potentially improve laboratory order processing and test result communication. We conducted a comparative evaluation of differences in completion rates for 5 testing process milestones and time to reach these process milestones, with and without RFID order tracking for skin biopsy orders.

Methods
This observational study analyzed 48,515 orders from 20 dermatology providers, sent to 8 pathology laboratories in 2016 to 2017. Descriptive t tests and multiple Cox proportional hazard regressions were used to examine the differences in completion rates and times to the 5 testing process milestones, namely, (1) provider receipt of results, (2) provider review of results, (3) patient notification, (4) follow-up scheduling, and (5) order case closure, for orders processed with and without RFID order tracking.

Results
Descriptive statistics illustrated that all 5 testing process milestone completion rates were statistically higher for RFID tracked orders compared with non-RFID tracked orders, and RFID tracked orders took 3 to 5 days lesser than non-RFID tracked orders to reach the 5 testing process milestones. Multiple cox proportional hazard regressions showed that the process milestones were achieved faster if orders were RFID tracked versus not (hazard ratios ranged from 1.3 to 4.9).

Conclusions
The RFID tracking technology considerably improved test result communication timeliness and reliability. Such technologies can be beneficial for laboratory order processing, and their effectiveness should be explored in other practice settings.
Factitious Disorder (Munchausen Syndrome) in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Evans Rhian Louise , Tew Jennifer Catherine , Yates Gregory Peter , Feldman Marc 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Patients with factitious disorder (FD) or “Munchausen syndrome” intentionally fabricate or induce medical problems for psychological gratification. They may deceive plastic surgeons into performing multiple unnecessary procedures. We undertook the first systematic review of FD case reports in plastic surgery. Our aims were 2-fold: (1) describe the adverse outcomes associated with these cases and (2) identify strategies for their prevention by surgeons.

Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases were searched. We included cases in which an adult with FD presented to a plastic surgeon. Our search returned a total of 42 eligible cases reported from North America (43%), Europe (37%), and Asia (20%).

Results
Seventy-six percent of patients were women, and 62% worked in health care. Sixty percent had a comorbid psychiatric disorder, the most common (50%) being depression. Ninety-three percent of our sample presented with self-induced lesions. The average delay in diagnosis of FD was 54 months, with 46% of patients receiving multiple surgical procedures in this time, including debridement (36%) and skin grafts (39%). Surgical wounds were frequently exploited by patients to remain in, or return to, hospital: 50% contaminated or manipulated their wounds to prevent healing. Thirty-six percent of cases resulted in significant long-term disability (24%) or disfigurement (12%). Ten percent of patients received an amputation. Outcomes were improved when patients were confronted by surgeons, however, and 62% were willing to see a psychiatrist. Surgeons were able to support recovery in 33% of cases—for example, by using occlusive wound dressings.

Conclusions
Patients with FD who present to plastic surgeons are high risk: the majority require surgical intervention for severe self-injury, and many engage in harmful behaviors, such as “doctor-shopping.” Early recognition of FD in plastic surgery is, therefore, crucial and may be achieved via careful examination of lesions for unusual morphology. Medical records may reveal extensive health care service use and negative investigations. Finally, plastic surgeons may play an important role in managing such patients. Management strategies include direct observation by nursing staff in the postoperative period and use of strict occlusive dressings to prevent access to surgical wounds.
Efficient Deep Network Architecture for COVID-19 Detection Using Computed Tomography Images
Authors: Goel Chirag , Kumar Abhimanyu , Dubey Satish Kumar , Srivastava Vishal 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGlobally the devastating consequence of COVID-19 or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has posed danger on the life of living beings. Doctors and scientists throughout the world are working day and night to combat the proliferation or transmission of this deadly disease in terms of technology, finances, data repositories, protective equipment, and many other services. Rapid and efficient detection of COVID-19 reduces the rate of spreading this deadly disease and early treatment improve the recovery rate. In this paper, we proposed a new framework to exploit powerful features extracted from the autoencoder and Gray Level Co-occurence Matrix (GLCM), combined with random forest algorithm for the efficient and fast detection of COVID-19 using computed tomographic images. The model’s performance is evident from its 97.78% accuracy, 96.78% recall, and 98.77% specificity.
SARS-Coronavirus-2 nucleocapsid protein measured in blood using a Simoa ultra-sensitive immunoassay differentiates COVID-19 infection with high clinical sensitivity
Authors: Shan Dandan , Johnson Joseph M , Fernandes Syrena C. , Mendes Muriel , Suib Hannah , Holdridge Marcella , Burke Elaine M , Beauregard Katie , Zhang Ying , Cleary Megan , Xu Samantha , Yao Xiao , Patel Purvish , Plavina Tatiana , Wilson David , Chang Lei , Kaiser Kim M , Natterman Jacob , Schmidt Susanne V , Latz Eicke , Hrusovsky Kevin , Mattoon Dawn , Ball Andrew J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic continues to have an unprecedented impact on societies and economies worldwide. Despite rapid advances in diagnostic test development and scale-up, there remains an ongoing need for SARS-CoV-2 tests which are highly sensitive, specific, minimally invasive, cost-effective and scalable for broad testing and surveillance. Here we report development of a highly sensitive single molecule array (Simoa) immunoassay on the automated HD-X platform for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein (N-protein) in venous and capillary blood (fingerstick). In pre-pandemic and clinical sample sets, the assay has 100% specificity and 97.4% sensitivity for serum / plasma samples. The limit of detection (LoD) estimated by titration of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus is 0.2 pg/ml, corresponding to 0.05 Median Tissue Culture Infectious Dose (TCID50) per ml, > 2000 times more sensitive than current EUA approved antigen tests. No cross-reactivity to other common respiratory viruses, including hCoV229E, hCoVOC43, hCoVNL63, Influenza A or Influenza B, was observed. We detected elevated N-protein concentrations in symptomatic, asymptomatic, and pre-symptomatic PCR+ individuals using capillary blood from a finger-stick collection device. The Simoa SARS-CoV-2 N-protein assay has the potential to detect COVID-19 infection via antigen in blood with performance characteristics similar to or better than molecular tests, while also enabling at home and point of care sample collection.One Sentence SummarySARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N-protein) measured in serum, plasma, and dried blood spots (DBS) via ultrasensitive immunoassay can be used to differentiate PCR+ from PCR- patients, even if asymptomatic.
Functional analysis of genome-wide dataset from 17000 individuals identifies multiple candidate malaria resistance genes enriched in malaria pathogenic pathways
Authors: Damena Delesa , Agamah Francis , Kimathi Peter O. , Kabongo Ntumba E. , Girma Hundaol , Choga Wonderful T. , Golassa Lemu , Chimusa Emile R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of severe malaria have identified several association variants. However, much about the underlying biological functions are yet to be discovered. Here, we systematically predicted plausible candidate genes and pathways from functional analysis of severe malaria resistance GWAS summary statistics (N = 17,000) metaanalyzed across eleven populations in malaria endemic regions. We applied positional mapping, expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL), chromatin interaction mapping and gene-based association analyses to identify candidate severe malaria resistance genes. We performed network and pathway analyses to investigate their shared biological functions. We further applied rare variant analysis to raw GWAS datasets (N = 11,000) of three malaria endemic populations including Kenya, Malawi and Gambia and performed various population genetic structures of the identified genes in the three populations and global populations.Our functional mapping analysis identified 57 genes located in the known malaria genomic loci while our gene-based GWAS analysis identified additional 125 genes across the genome. The identified genes were significantly enriched in malaria pathogenic pathways including multiple overlapping pathways in erythrocyte-related functions, blood coagulations, ion channels, adhesion molecules, membrane signaling elements and neuronal systems. Our population genetic analysis revealed that the minor allele frequencies (MAF) of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) residing in the identified genes are generally higher in the three malaria endemic populations compared to global populations. Overall, our results suggest that severe malaria resistance trait is attributed to multiple genes; highlighting the possibility of harnessing new malaria therapeutics that can simultaneously target multiple malaria protective host molecular pathways.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Adult Mortality across Small Areas in Brazil: Exploration Analysis Using Machine Learning Models
Authors: Arruda Natália Martins , Carvalho Tiago José de , Alves Luciana Correia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFuture progress in life expectancy in all countries depends, to some degree, on a reduction in adult mortality. Significant regional differences are found in Brazil, with high adult mortality rates in some areas. The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between the probability of adult deaths in microregions of Brazil in 2010 and socioeconomic, structural, contextual and health-related factors. The analyses were based on data from the 2010 demographic census and the Mortality Information System. The machine learning model was used to establish determinants of the probability of adult deaths. Machine learning methods have considerable potential for this type of analysis, enabling a better understanding of the interactions among different factors. The algorithms employed (Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosted Trees and Support Vector Machine) obtained a good performance and proved to be effective at analyzing the variables and correlations with the outcome (probability of adult death). The results showed the mortality due to external causes, the employment rate, sex ratio, vaccine coverage, proportion of blacks, poverty rate, aging index and proportion of whites had the best predictive power regarding the probability of adult deaths using the algorithm with the best performance (Extreme Gradient Boosted Trees).
SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses Correlate with Resolution of RNAemia But Are Short-Lived in Patients with Mild Illness
Authors: Röltgen Katharina , Wirz Oliver F. , Stevens Bryan A. , Powell Abigail E. , Hogan Catherine A. , Najeeb Javaria , Hunter Molly , Sahoo Malaya K. , Huang ChunHong , Yamamoto Fumiko , Manalac Justin , Otrelo-Cardoso Ana R. , Pham Tho D. , Rustagi Arjun , Rogers Angela J. , Shah Nigam H. , Blish Catherine A. , Cochran Jennifer R. , Nadeau Kari C. , Jardetzky Theodore S. , Zehnder James L. , Wang Taia T. , Kim Peter S. , Gombar Saurabh , Tibshiran Robert , Pinsky Benjamin A. , Boyd Scott D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, particularly those preventing viral spike receptor binding domain (RBD) interaction with host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, could offer protective immunity, and may affect clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients. We analyzed 625 serial plasma samples from 40 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 170 SARS-CoV-2-infected outpatients and asymptomatic individuals. Severely ill patients developed significantly higher SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses than outpatients and asymptomatic individuals. The development of plasma antibodies was correlated with decreases in viral RNAemia, consistent with potential humoral immune clearance of virus. Using a novel competition ELISA, we detected antibodies blocking RBD-ACE2 interactions in 68% of inpatients and 40% of outpatients tested. Cross-reactive antibodies recognizing SARS-CoV RBD were found almost exclusively in hospitalized patients. Outpatient and asymptomatic individuals’ serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 decreased within 2 months, suggesting that humoral protection may be short-lived.
Rapid, sensitive and high-throughput screening method for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by bio layer interferometry
Authors: Lokireddy Sudarshan Reddy , Kunchala Sridhar Rao , Godavarthy Ranga Pratyusha , Kona Venkata Sri Krishna , Avula Laxmaiah , Mishra Rakesh Kumar , Nalam Madhusudhana Rao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPresent pandemic scenario, there exists an unmet global need for the development of a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The available options for identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection are detection of viral RNA by qRT-PCR, Antigen or Antibody testing by serological methods. Even though many kits available commercially but none of them are rapid, sensitive and high throughput. ‘OnCovid total antibody assay’ is a diagnostic method developed by us uses the principle of bio-layer Interferometry to detect IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 antigens. This method overcomes many of the limitations normally faced in antibody detection by other methods and offers a superior platform for a rapid, sensitive and specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The test is economical, and the results can be obtained in as short as 30 seconds per test. In addition to its standalone use in early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, ‘OnCovid total antibody assay’ can be used to therapeutic monitoring of antiviral therapies used in clinical management and to estimate the antibody titers during convalescent plasma donation.