bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Comparative Analysis of Life Satisfaction Among Syrian, Iranian, and Afghan refugees in Turkey: The case of Denizli
Authors: Maqul Sayed Alawadin , GüneŞ Sevcan , Akin TuĞba 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this study, the survey method was used to analyse the life satisfaction of three different refugee groups that are Syrian, Iranian, and Afghan who lives in the Denizli province of Turkey. According to the outcomes of in-depth interviews and surveys conducted on 150 refugees, the most common reason for immigrating to Turkey is the civil war-factor. The survey results show that the Afghan refugees’ level of income increased compared to that of before immigration. Afghan and Syrian refugees are more satisfied with their lives in Turkey compared to Iranian immigrants. Besides, uneducated and male refugees, living in a country with the same religion as the departure country are more satisfied than other immigrants. Therefore Iranian immigrants, most of whom are not Muslim, are planning to migrate again from Turkey to more advanced economies. In sum, the results of this study indicate that the major factors affecting life satisfaction of immigrants are educational status, religion, gender, and income.
Policies of Exclusion: The Case of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon
Authors: Kikano Faten , Fauveaud Gabriel , Lizarralde Gonzalo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
When the Syrian war erupted in 2011, the Lebanese government withdrew from managing the influx of Syrian refugees. Three years later, Lebanon’s Council of Ministers set new regulations for Syrians with the purpose of reducing access to territory and persuading refugees to leave the country. This article analyses the reasons for and the outcomes of Lebanon’s response to the refugee crisis before and after 2014. It then examines, through a qualitative exploratory approach and based on two longitudinal case studies, the impact of Lebanese regulations. In both cases, the so-called ‘temporary gatherings’ became permanent settlements beyond the government’s control. The government’s strategy backfired: in attempting to avoid ghettos, it created them. We conclude that when refugee situations become protracted, most efforts aimed at excluding refugees fail. Excluding refugees increases their vulnerability and reduces their chances of repatriation or resettlement. To prevent this, we argue that hosting policies must lead to the temporary integration of refugees within urban systems and public institutions.
Esophageal stent migration to the transverse colon, entrapped within a hiatal hernia status post esophagectomy
Authors: Mahan Mark E , Baig Imran , Trivedi Apurva K , Oxenberg Jacqueline C , Khan Yakub , Chu Kyo U 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Self-expandable metal stents are used in both benign and malignant esophageal conditions for the treatment of strictures, leaks and perforations. With this intervention, the most common complication is stent migration. Those in whom migration occurs are subject to additional procedures with significant risk. We present a unique case of stent migration in a 61-year-old male who underwent transhiatal esophagectomy secondary to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Postoperatively, two covered stents were applied to relieve anastomotic stricture and proximal esophageal occluding web. Several months thereafter, the initial stent was found to have migrated to the transverse colon subsequently entrapped in a hiatal hernia defect. Fortunately, the migrated stent was amenable to colonoscopic retrieval. As endoscopic stent use grows, it is important to recognize that covered stents may migrate through anatomic narrowing’s such as pylorus and ileocecal valve, but can also become entrapped in nonanatomic narrowing’s such as a hernia leading to further complications.
Primary mesenteric gastrointestinal stromal tumor presented with acute small bowel obstruction
Authors: Sembawa Hatem Adel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Primary mesenteric gastrointestinal stromal tumors may give rise to abdominal emergencies like bowel obstruction and should be considered in the differential diagnosis to reduce morbidity and mortality. The present study presents an unusual case of primary mesenteric gastrointestinal stromal tumor presenting with small bowel obstruction. A 44-year-old healthy male presented with abdominal pain for 2 days. Detailed examination revealed presence of a 4 × 4 cm mass in the small bowel mesentery with multiple small bowel loops adherent to it, together with their mesentery. The patient was diagnosed with primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the small bowel mesentery. He had an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged on the second postoperative day in a good condition. The case analysis showed that the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor is likely with the emergence of CD117, despite of its occurrence at rare sites and it is a vague clinical picture.
Targeting Key Survey Variables at the Unit Nonresponse Treatment Stage
Authors: Haziza David , Chen Sixia , Gao Yimeng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the presence of nonresponse, unadjusted estimators are vulnerable to nonresponse bias when the characteristics of the respondents differ from those of the nonrespondents. To reduce the bias, it is common practice to postulate a nonresponse model linking the response indicators and a set of fully observed variables. Estimated response probabilities are obtained by fitting the selected model, which are then used to adjust the base weights. The resulting estimator, referred to as the propensity score-adjusted estimator, is consistent provided the nonresponse model is correctly specified. In this article, we propose a weighting procedure that may improve the efficiency of propensity score estimators for survey variables identified as key variables by making a more extensive use of the auxiliary information available at the nonresponse treatment stage. Results from a simulation study suggest that the proposed procedure performs well in terms of efficiency when the data are missing at random and also achieves an efficient bias reduction when the data are not missing at random. We further apply our proposed methods to 2017–2018 National Health Nutrition and Examination Survey.
Type I H+-pyrophosphatase regulates the vacuolar storage of sucrose in citrus fruit
Authors: Hussain Syed Bilal , Shi Cai-Yun , Guo Ling-Xia , Du Wei , Bai Ying-Xing , Kamran Hafiz Muhammad , Fernie Alisdair R , Liu Yong-Zhong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this work was to evaluate the general role of the vacuolar pyrophosphatase proton pump (V-PPase) in sucrose accumulation in citrus species. First, three citrus V-PPase genes, designated CsVPP-1, CsVPP-2, and CsVPP-4, were identified in the citrus genome. CsVPP-1 and CsVPP-2 belonging to citrus type I V-PPase genes are targeted to the tonoplast, and CsVPP-4 belonging to citrus type II V-PPase genes is located in the Golgi bodies. Moreover, there was a significantly positive correlation between transcript levels of type I V-PPase genes and sucrose, rather than hexose, content in fruits of seven citrus cultivars. Drought and abscisic acid treatments significantly induced the CsVPP-1 and CsVPP-2 transcript levels, as well as the sucrose content. The overexpression of type I V-PPase genes significantly increased PPase activity, decreased pyrophosphate contents, and increased sucrose contents, whereas V-PPase inhibition produced the opposite effect in both citrus fruits and leaves. Furthermore, altering the expression levels of type I V-PPase genes significantly influenced the transcript levels of sucrose transporter genes. Taken together, this study demonstrated that CsVPP-1 and CsVPP-2 play key roles in sucrose storage in the vacuole by regulating pyrophosphate homeostasis, ultimately the sucrose biosynthesis and transcript levels of sucrose transport genes, providing a novel lead for engineering or breeding modified taste in citrus and other fruits.
The role of the nuclear envelope in the regulation of chromatin dynamics during cell division
Authors: Fernández-Jiménez Nadia , Pradillo Mónica 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe nuclear envelope delineates the eukaryotic cell nucleus. The membrane system of the nuclear envelope consists of an outer nuclear membrane and an inner nuclear membrane separated by a perinuclear space. It serves as more than just a static barrier, since it regulates the communication between the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm and provides the anchoring points where chromatin is attached. Fewer nuclear envelope proteins have been identified in plants in comparison with animals and yeasts. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of the nuclear envelope in plants, focusing on its role as a chromatin organizer and regulator of gene expression, as well as on the modifications that it undergoes to be efficiently disassembled and reassembled with each cell division. Advances in knowledge concerning the mitotic role of some nuclear envelope constituents are also presented. In addition, we summarize recent progress on the contribution of the nuclear envelope elements to telomere tethering and chromosome dynamics during the meiotic division in different plant species.
Opacity modelling of heavy-metal hot subdwarfs: photoionization of Sr0, Y+, and Zr2 +
Authors: Fernández-Menchero L , Jeffery C S , Ramsbottom C A , Ballance C P 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Heavy-metal hot subdwarfs (sdB and sdO) represent a small group of stars with unusually high concentrations of trans-iron elements in their atmospheres, having abundances ${\sim } 10\, 000$ times solar. One example is LS IV-14 116, where a number of heavy-metal absorption lines of Sr ii, Y iii, and Zr iv have been observed in the optical band $4000\!-\!5000\, {\mathring{\rm A}}$. We use a fully relativistic Dirac Atomic R-Matrix Code (darc) to calculate photoionization cross-sections of Sr0, Y+, and Zr2 + from their ground state to the 20th excited level. We use the cross-sections and the oscillator strengths to simulate the spectrum of a hot subdwarf. We obtain complete sets of photoionization cross-sections for the three ions under study. We use these data to calculate the opacity of the stellar atmospheres of hot subdwarf stars, and show that for overabundances observed in some heavy-metal subdwarves, photoexcitation from zirconium, in particular, does contribute some back warming in the model.
Thermophysical modelling and parameter estimation of small Solar system bodies via data assimilation
Authors: Hamm M , Pelivan I , Grott M , de Wiljes J 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Deriving thermophysical properties such as thermal inertia from thermal infrared observations provides useful insights into the structure of the surface material on planetary bodies. The estimation of these properties is usually done by fitting temperature variations calculated by thermophysical models to infrared observations. For multiple free model parameters, traditional methods such as least-squares fitting or Markov chain Monte Carlo methods become computationally too expensive. Consequently, the simultaneous estimation of several thermophysical parameters, together with their corresponding uncertainties and correlations, is often not computationally feasible and the analysis is usually reduced to fitting one or two parameters. Data assimilation (DA) methods have been shown to be robust while sufficiently accurate and computationally affordable even for a large number of parameters. This paper will introduce a standard sequential DA method, the ensemble square root filter, for thermophysical modelling of asteroid surfaces. This method is used to re-analyse infrared observations of the MARA instrument, which measured the diurnal temperature variation of a single boulder on the surface of near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu. The thermal inertia is estimated to be 295 ± 18 $\mathrm{J\, m^{-2}\, K^{-1}\, s^{-1/2}}$, while all five free parameters of the initial analysis are varied and estimated simultaneously. Based on this thermal inertia estimate the thermal conductivity of the boulder is estimated to be between 0.07 and 0.12,$\mathrm{W\, m^{-1}\, K^{-1}}$ and the porosity to be between 0.30 and 0.52. For the first time in thermophysical parameter derivation, correlations and uncertainties of all free model parameters are incorporated in the estimation procedure that is more than 5000 times more efficient than a comparable parameter sweep.
VLA imaging of the XMM-LSS/VIDEO deep field at 1–2 GHz
Authors: Heywood I , Hale C L , Jarvis M J , Makhathini S , Peters J A , Sebokolodi M L L , Smirnov O M 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Modern radio telescopes are routinely reaching depths where normal star-forming galaxies are the dominant observed population. Realizing the potential of radio as a tracer of star formation and black hole activity over cosmic time involves achieving such depths over representative volumes, with radio forming part of a larger multiwavelength campaign. In pursuit of this, we used the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) to image ∼5 deg2 of the VIDEO/XMM-LSS extragalactic deep field at 1–2 GHz. We achieve a median depth of 16 µJy beam−1 with an angular resolution of 4.5 arcsec. Comparisons with existing radio observations of XMM-LSS showcase the improved survey speed of the upgraded VLA: we cover 2.5 times the area and increase the depth by ∼20 per cent in 40 per cent of the time. Direction-dependent calibration and wide-field imaging were required to suppress the error patterns from off-axis sources of even modest brightness. We derive a catalogue containing 5762 sources from the final mosaic. Sub-band imaging provides in-band spectral indices for 3458 (60 per cent) sources, with the average spectrum becoming flatter than the canonical synchrotron slope below 1 mJy. Positional and flux density accuracy of the observations, and the differential source counts are in excellent agreement with those of existing measurements. A public release of the images and catalogue accompanies this article.
A random-walk model for dark matter halo spins
Authors: Benson Andrew , Behrens Christoph , Lu Yu 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We extend the random-walk model of Vitvitska et al. for predicting the spins of dark matter haloes from their merger histories. Using updated merger rates, orbital parameter distributions, and N-body constraints, we show that this model can accurately reproduce the distribution of spin parameters measured in N-body simulations when we include a weak correlation between the spins of haloes and the angular momenta of infalling subhaloes. We further show that this model is in approximate agreement with the correlation of the spin magnitude over time as determined from N-body simulations, while it slightly underpredicts the correlation in the direction of the spin vector measured from the same simulations. This model is useful for predicting spins from merger histories derived from non-N-body sources, thereby circumventing the need for very high resolution simulations to permit accurate measurements of spins. It may be particularly relevant to modelling systems that accumulate angular momentum from haloes over time (such as galactic discs) – we show that this model makes small but significant changes in the distribution of galactic disc sizes computed using the galacticus semi-analytic galaxy formation model.
Periodicity in recurrent fast radio bursts and the origin of ultralong period magnetars
Authors: Beniamini Paz , Wadiasingh Zorawar , Metzger Brian D 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The recurrent fast radio burst FRB 180916 was recently shown to exhibit a 16-d period (with possible aliasing) in its bursting activity. Given magnetars as widely considered FRB sources, this period has been attributed to precession of the magnetar spin axis or the orbit of a binary companion. Here, we make the simpler connection to a rotational period, an idea observationally motivated by the 6.7-h period of the Galactic magnetar candidate, 1E 161348–5055. We explore three physical mechanisms that could lead to the creation of ultralong period magnetars: (i) enhanced spin-down due to episodic mass-loaded charged particle winds (e.g. as may accompany giant flares), (ii) angular momentum kicks from giant flares, and (iii) fallback leading to long-lasting accretion discs. We show that particle winds and fallback accretion can potentially lead to a sub-set of the magnetar population with ultralong periods, sufficiently long to accommodate FRB 180916 or 1E 161348–5055. If confirmed, such periods implicate magnetars in relatively mature states (ages 1−10 kyr) and which possessed large internal magnetic fields at birth Bint ≳ 1016 G. In the low-twist magnetar model for FRBs, such long period magnetars may dominate FRB production for repeaters at lower isotropic-equivalent energies and broaden the energy distribution beyond that expected for a canonical population of magnetars, which terminate their magnetic activity at shorter periods P ≲ 10 s.
On decoupling the integrals of cosmological perturbation theory
Authors: Slepian Zachary 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Perturbation theory (PT) is often used to model statistical observables capturing the translation and rotation-invariant information in cosmological density fields. PT produces higher order corrections by integration over linear statistics of the density fields weighted by kernels resulting from recursive solution of the fluid equations. These integrals quickly become high dimensional and naively require increasing computational resources the higher the order of the corrections. Here, we show how to decouple the integrands that often produce this issue, enabling PT corrections to be computed as a sum of products of independent 1D integrals. Our approach is related to a commonly used method for calculating multiloop Feynman integrals in quantum field theory, the Gegenbauer Polynomial x-Space Technique. We explicitly reduce the three terms entering the 2-loop power spectrum, formally requiring 9D integrations, to sums over successive 1D radial integrals. These 1D integrals can further be performed as convolutions, rendering the scaling of this method Nglog Ng with Ng the number of grid points used for each fast Fourier transform. This method should be highly enabling for upcoming large-scale structure redshift surveys where model predictions at an enormous number of cosmological parameter combinations will be required by Monte Carlo Markov Chain searches for the best-fitting values.
RADX condenses single-stranded DNA to antagonize RAD51 loading
Authors: Zhang Hongshan , Schaub Jeffrey M , Finkelstein Ilya J 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRADX is a mammalian single-stranded DNA-binding protein that stabilizes telomeres and stalled replication forks. Cellular biology studies have shown that the balance between RADX and Replication Protein A (RPA) is critical for DNA replication integrity. RADX is also a negative regulator of RAD51-mediated homologous recombination at stalled forks. However, the mechanism of RADX acting on DNA and its interactions with RPA and RAD51 are enigmatic. Using single-molecule imaging of the key proteins in vitro, we reveal that RADX condenses ssDNA filaments, even when the ssDNA is coated with RPA at physiological protein ratios. RADX compacts RPA-coated ssDNA filaments via higher-order assemblies that can capture ssDNA in trans. Furthermore, RADX blocks RPA displacement by RAD51 and prevents RAD51 loading on ssDNA. Our results indicate that RADX is an ssDNA condensation protein that inhibits RAD51 filament formation and may antagonize other ssDNA-binding proteins on RPA-coated ssDNA.
Bulk and single-molecule analysis of a bacterial DNA2-like helicase–nuclease reveals a single-stranded DNA looping motor
Authors: Wilkinson Oliver J , Carrasco Carolina , Aicart-Ramos Clara , Moreno-Herrero Fernando , Dillingham Mark S 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDNA2 is an essential enzyme involved in DNA replication and repair in eukaryotes. In a search for homologues of this protein, we identified and characterised Geobacillus stearothermophilus Bad, a bacterial DNA helicase–nuclease with similarity to human DNA2. We show that Bad contains an Fe-S cluster and identify four cysteine residues that are likely to co-ordinate the cluster by analogy to DNA2. The purified enzyme specifically recognises ss-dsDNA junctions and possesses ssDNA-dependent ATPase, ssDNA binding, ssDNA endonuclease, 5′ to 3′ ssDNA translocase and 5′ to 3′ helicase activity. Single molecule analysis reveals that Bad is a processive DNA motor capable of moving along DNA for distances of &gt;4 kb at a rate of ∼200 bp per second at room temperature. Interestingly, as reported for the homologous human and yeast DNA2 proteins, the DNA unwinding activity of Bad is cryptic and can be unmasked by inactivating the intrinsic nuclease activity. Strikingly, our experiments show that the enzyme loops DNA while translocating, which is an emerging feature of processive DNA unwinding enzymes. The bacterial Bad enzymes will provide an excellent model system for understanding the biochemical properties of DNA2-like helicase–nucleases and DNA looping motor proteins in general.
Dynamic prediction models for graft failure in paediatric kidney transplantation
Authors: Kaboré Rémi , Ferrer Loïc , Couchoud Cécile , Hogan Julien , Cochat Pierre , Dehoux Laurène , Roussey-Kesler Gwenaelle , Novo Robert , Garaix Florentine , Brochard Karine , Fila Marc , Parmentier Cyrielle , Fournier Marie-Cécile , Macher Marie-Alice , Harambat Jérôme , Leffondré Karen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Several models have been proposed to predict kidney graft failure in adult recipients but none in younger recipients. Our objective was to propose a dynamic prediction model for graft failure in young kidney transplant recipients.

Methods
We included 793 kidney transplant recipients waitlisted before the age of 18 years who received a first kidney transplantation before the age of 21 years in France in 2002–13 and survived &gt;90 days with a functioning graft. We used a Cox model including baseline predictors only (sex, age at transplant, primary kidney disease, dialysis duration, donor type and age, human leucocyte antigen matching, cytomegalovirus serostatus, cold ischaemia time and delayed graft function) and two joint models also accounting for post-transplant estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) trajectory. Predictive performances were evaluated using a cross-validated area under the curve (AUC) and R2 curves.

Results
When predicting the risk of graft failure from any time within the first 7 years after paediatric kidney transplantation, the predictions for the following 3 or 5 years were accurate and much better with the joint models than with the Cox model (AUC ranged from 0.83 to 0.91 for the joint models versus 0.56 to 0.64 for the Cox model).

Conclusion
Accounting for post-transplant eGFR trajectory strongly increased the accuracy of graft failure prediction in young kidney transplant recipients.
Eco-chemical mechanisms govern phytoplankton emissions of dimethylsulfide in global surface waters
Authors: Deng Xuwei , Chen Jun , Hansson Lars-Anders , Zhao Xia , Xie Ping 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The anti-greenhouse gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) is mainly emitted by algae and accounts for more than half of the total natural flux of gaseous sulfur to the atmosphere, strongly reducing the solar radiation and thereby the temperature on Earth. However, the relationship between phytoplankton biomass and DMS emissions is debated and inconclusive. Our study presents field observations from 100 freshwater lakes, in concert with data of global ocean DMS emissions, showing that DMS and algal biomass show a hump-shaped relationship, i.e. DMS emissions to the atmosphere increase up to a pH of about 8.1 but, at higher pH, DMS concentrations decline, likely mainly due to decomposition. Our findings from lake and ocean ecosystems worldwide were corroborated in experimental studies. This novel finding allows assessments of more accurate global patterns of DMS emissions and advances our knowledge on the negative feedback regulation of phytoplankton-driven DMS emissions on climate.