bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF NON-COMPLIANCE TO LLIN AND IPT IN PREGNANCY ON MATERNAL AND NEONATAL MALARIA, AGE AND BIRTH WEIGHTS OF NEONATES AT UYO
Authors: Ikpeze  , Esu  
Published: January 2021

Pregnant mothers and children under 5 years are most vulnerable to Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Nigeria. Non-compliance to LLIN and IPT, and resultant maternal and cord blood malaria on neonatal age and birth weights were studied in Uyo, Nigeria between September and October 2013. Peripheral and cord blood from 106 consenting pregnant women were examined for malaria parasites; and their usage of LLIN and IPT ascertained. Ages and weights of resulting neonates were recorded at birth. Results showed that maternal and neonatal malaria infection rates (IR) were 54.7% (Mean± SD=49.23±26.41) and 45.3% (Mean± SD=40.6±20.6), with indications that maternal immunity increases with parity. Generally 29.2% and 39.6% of all neonates were respectively delivered pre-term and underweight. About 53.8% and 51.9% of the women were non-compliant to LLIN and IPT, respectively; and 91.4% of LLIN non-compliant as well as 94.8% of IPT non-compliant were infected with malaria. We inferred that use of LLIN and IPT would have offered the women protection against malaria. Heat generation, fear of toxic reactions, and difficulty in setting-up LLIN as well as ‘not sick’, fear of abortion, and doubtful efficacy of IPT were among the reasons given by pregnant women for non-compliance. Sustained health education on the use of LLIN and IPT will help to reduce malaria infection and its consequences in Uyo.
EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON GROWTH, YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) IN DECHA DISTRICT, SOUTHWESTERN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Woldesenbet Mitiku , Haileyesus Asnakech 
Published: January 2021

Maize response to high nitrogenous fertilization levels is a means among other means to know maximum productivity, from this perspective, a field nitrogen management trial using five N levels (0, 23, 46, 69 and 92 kg N/ha) with three replications. The study was conducted in 2015 in Decha District, ModyoGomberaKebele of Kaffa Zone, SNNPR State. The experiment was laid out in RCBD. The result of this study indicated that effects of different rates of N fertilizer had influenced the growth and yield components of maize. The tallest plant (360.66 cm) was recorded from the application of 92 kg N ha-1 and the shortest (347.33 cm) from no N application. The ANoVA for the number of kernels per ear showed that the lowest kernels per ear (497.86) were obtained from no N application and the highest kernels per ear (588) were obtained from the application of 92 kg N ha-1 although there was no significant difference between the application of 69 and 92 kg N ha-1. Regarding to ear length the data showed that the longest ear (23.63 cm) was obtained from the application of 92 kg N ha-1. The effect of N on grain yield indicated that there is no significant difference between the application of 69 and 92 kg N ha-1 even if there is a slight difference on yield. Generally, maximum N fertilization level (92 Kg N/ha) in this study area showed increase in growth and yield components (number of kernels per ear and ear length). However the application of 69 kg N ha-1 seems adequate to get the optimum yield.
Distance Diminishes the Effect of Deltamethrin Exposure on the Monarch Butterfly,Danaus plexippus
Authors: Giordano Bryan V. , McGregor Bethany L. , Runkel Alfred E. , Burkett-Cadena Nathan D. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThe monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), is threatened by substantial loss of habitat, extreme weather events linked to global climate change, and nontarget impacts of broad-spectrum insecticides. To investigate the impact of chronic ingestion of pyrethroids on monarchs, wild-type Florida D. plexippus were reared on milkweed (Asclepias curassavica) that was exposed to ultra-low volume applications of DeltaGard by a truck-mounted fogger, at distances of 25 and 50 m. We observed significant negative impacts on monarchs reared on milkweed at 25 m from the DeltaGard spray route, including significant decreases in survival, and significantly longer development times, compared with untreated controls. Larvae reared on host plants closest to the truck spray route were 3 times more likely to experience a mortality event than the control cohort in trial 1 and 6 times in trial 2. Survival of monarch caterpillars reared on milkweed sprayed at 50 m was not significantly different from controls. For monarchs that survived to adulthood, we did not observe statistically significant differences among cohorts for variables measured. These data demonstrate that ultra-low volume treatments of pyrethroids can result in significant mortality in monarchs, but that the effects diminish with distance from the spray route.
Gynandromorphic Specimens of Culex erythrothorax, Culex pipiens Complex, Culex tarsalis, and Culiseta incidens Collected in Northern San Joaquin Valley, California
Authors: De La Vega Sumiko R. , Smith David J. , Fritz John A. , Lucchesi Eddie F. , Huang Shaoming 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Gynandromorphic insects bear both male and female characteristics. In mosquitoes, gynandromorphy has been documented in multiple species and it can include many different combinations of sex-specific traits such as plumose or filiform antennae, short or elongated palpi, and male or female terminalia. Here we report 4 gynandromorphic specimens of Culex erythrothorax, Cx. pipiens complex, Cx. tarsalis, and Culiseta incidens collected in the Northern San Joaquin Valley of California. Each of the specimens exhibited heads with female characteristics of short palpi and filiform antennae while displaying fully developed external male terminalia including basistyles and dististyles. The potential implication of gynandromorphism in genetic control of mosquito vectors is discussed.
Residual Activity of Pyriproxyfen Against Mosquitoes in Catch Basins in Northwestern Riverside County, Southern California
Authors: Mian Lal S. , Caranci Angela , Ramos Jesus , Nelson J. C. , Smith Nikia , Van Dyke William , Dhillon Major S. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
A field study was carried out on the year-long residual activity of the insect growth regulator (IGR) pyriproxyfen (Nylar 0.5G) in comparison with methoprene (Altosid® XRP Pellets) against mosquito developmental stages in catch basins in northwestern Riverside County, southern California. Pyriproxyfen was applied at 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 g per catch basin and methoprene at 3.5 g per catch basin. A total of 80 catch basins (10 per each treatment and 20 for control) were used. Posttreatment observations of catch basins were carried out at weekly intervals, with all pupal collections reared to adults. Mosquito species composition in this study, consisting mostly of Culex species (693), was predominated by Cx. quinquefasciatus (92.8%), followed by Cx. erythrothorax (5.5%), Cx. tarsalis (1.2%), Cx. stigmatosoma (0.3%), and Cx. thriambus (0.2%). Activity of both IGRs was expressed as percent inhibition of adult emergence (% IAE). Data generated on % IAE showed that, like methoprene, pyriproxyfen provided complete control of mosquitoes at 75, 125, and 175 g per catch basin up to 50 wk posttreatment at the Riverside amusement park, whereas its activity against mosquitoes in catch basins treated with 100 g and 150 g at the Eastvale site was short-lived, up to 48 wk. Water samples, bioassayed against laboratory-reared, 4th-stage larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus 1–2 wk after the 50-wk-long study, showed evidence of significant % IAE (∼50) by pyriproxyfen at the 2 higher rates (125 g, 175 g) used at the amusement park. In conclusion, pyriproxyfen can be used to effectively control mosquitoes in catch basins for 48–50 wk, depending on the rate of application.
KAJIAN TENTANG BUDAYA ORGANISASI DAN EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA HOTEL MARBELLA ANYER
Authors: Nafiudin Nafiudin 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh budaya organisasi dan employee engagement terhadap kinerja karyawan. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah departmen engineering sebanyak 30 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah metode sampel jenuh. Data yang dikumpukan merupakan daa primer. Teknik analisis data adalah uji instrument,uji asumsi klasik Metode statistik yang digunakan adalah Uji Validitas, Uji Reliabilitas, Uji Normalitas, Uji Multikolinearitas, Uji Heteroskedastisitas, Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda, Koefisien Determinasi, dengan pengujian hipotesis uji statistik t dan uji f. Alat analisis yang digunakan untuk menganalisis adalah SPSS 24. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah (1) budaya organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. (2) keterikata karyawan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. (3) budaya organisasi dan keterikatan karyawan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Dengan nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 42%.Kata kunci: kinerja karyawan, budaya organisasi dan keterikatan karyawan
Testing of bio-rational and synthetic pesticides to manage cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) in cabbage field at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Nyaupane Sushil , Tiwari Sundar , Thapa Resham Bahadur , Jaishi Sita 
Published: January 2021

Cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) is an important pest of cabbage which reduces the yield and quality of the cabbage head. Farmers haven been using chemical pesticides to manage them but unfortunately these practices are toxic for human health, biodiversity and the environment. The study was conducted to test the efficacy of different bio-rational insecticides along with the chemical insecticide. ‘Green Coronet’ cabbage variety was used and the field experiment was laid out in the experimental farm of Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan during the winter season of 2014. The Experiment was designed in randomized complete block design with having 7 treatments (bio-rational insecticides with chemical and control) and 3 replications. Plot size was 5.76 m2 (2.4m×2.4m) and spacing of 1 m was maintained between each blocks and plots. Field experiment showed that the highest reduction of cabbage aphid was obtained in Dimethoate (30 EC) treated plot followed by Derisom treated plot. The highest yield of cabbage head was obtained in Dimethoate treated plots (66.47 mt/ha) which was significantly at par with the Derisom (58.79 mt/ ha) treated plots. The yield for other treated plots were 47.60 mt/ha for Margosom, 43.77 mt/ha for Verticillium, 41.63 mt/ ha for Cow urine, 36.77 mt/ ha for Spinosad and control (33.45 mt/ ha) in terms of cabbage head yield. And, at the same time, natural enemies’ population was significantly lower to Dimethoate treated plots compared to bio-rational insecticides. Thus, Derisom (Derris based botanical) might be the best viable alternative in eco-friendly management of cabbage aphid considering cabbage head yield and protection of natural enemies. It was also evident from the research that Margosom (Neem based botanical) was found beneficial not only to conserve natural enemies in the cabbage field but also to minimize cabbage aphid population.
Asian elephants and their status in Nepal: a review
Authors: Shrestha Sami , Shrestha Jiban 
Published: January 2021

Wild Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) are one of the most endangered wildlife species in Nepal. Currently, there are approximately 200 to 250 wild elephants counted in Nepal. Of them, 15-20 are in Jhapa district, 17 are in KoshiTappu Wildlife Reserve, eight in Sindhuli, and 45-50 in Parsa National Park andChitwan National Park. More than 100 elephants are in Bardiya National Parks and adjoining municipalities, and 25-30 are in Suklaphanta National Park and adjoining municipalities.Elephant conservation is challenged by habitat fragmentation, obstruction of migratory routes and human-elephant conflict. The governments of Nepal, law enforcement, NGOs, and local communities have made various initiatives to conserve elephants. In the paper, we have outlined the current status of the elephant population, and its conservative efforts. This study may be a useful tool for the scientific communities and ecologists to protect elephants from extinction.
Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) decline by dieback disease, root pathogens and their management: a review
Authors: Shah Kabita Kumari , Tiwari Injila , Modi Bindu , Pandey Hari Prasad , Subedi Sudeep , Shrestha Jiban 
Published: January 2021

Shisham or sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo) is an important multipurpose tree with great economic importance, but this tree has been infected by various root pathogens. This review article shows the works conducted on root pathogens and die back disease of Shisham and their management. Around seventy-one endophytic fungus has been found in sissoo trees in Nepal. Several fungi, including, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, Ganoderma lucidum, Phellinus gilvus, Polypours gilvus, Rhizoctonia solani, Polyporus spongiosum, etc. cause sissoo diseases. Ganoderma Lucidum and F. Solani are two main pathogenic agents in Shisham, all of which causes root rot and vascular wilt diseases, and are the causes for the large-scale death of this tree species. Root rot ganoderma is wide spread in both natural and plant-based forests. Older trees in Shisham are usually attacked by these pathogens and cause large-scale death. However, when sissoo is grown as a re-forested pure plant without the removal of the stumps or root of the initial plant, a serious problem of root rot can develop. Field sanitation and proper management of field are necessary to control the fungal diseases of Shisham. Another deleterious disease of Shisham is dieback disease, where sissoo plantations have been confirmed to this disease when the infected trees begin to get dry from the top. There is no suitable solution for control of dieback of Shisham. There is a need of developing resistant varieties and to improve the quality of seed. This review may be useful tool for Forest Pathologists and other persons who are working in forestry and natural conservation sectors.
IMPROVED CONSTRAINT HANDLING APPROACH FOR PREDICTIVE FUNCTIONAL CONTROL USING AN IMPLIED CLOSED-LOOP PREDICTION
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad , Rossiter John Anthony , Abdul Ghaffar Alia Farhana 
Published: January 2021

Predictive Functional Control is a simple alternative to the traditional PID controller which has the capability to handle process constraints more systematically. Nevertheless, the most basic form of PFC has suffered from ill-posed prediction due to its simplicity in formulation and assumption of constant future input dynamics. Although some constraints can be satisfied, nevertheless the performance may be very conservative due to this issue. The main objective of this paper is to improve the constrained performance of a PFC controller with a minimum modification of the existing formulation. Specifically, a novel constraint handling approach for PFC is proposed based on an implied closed-loop prediction. Instead of assuming a constant input as deployed in the conventional open-loop prediction, the implied closed-loop input dynamics are utilised to detect future constraint violations. In addition, a future perturbation is introduced into the prediction structure as an extra degree of freedom for satisfying the constraints. Two simulation results confirm that the proposed approach gives far less conservative constraint handling and thus better control performance compared to the nominal PFC. Furthermore, this novel implementation also alleviates the well-known tuning difficulties and prediction inconsistency issues that are associated with conventional PFC when handling constraints.
ABSTRAK: Kawalan Kefungsian Ramalan adalah alternatif mudah kepada kawalan tradisional PID yang mempunyai kekangan keupayaan bagi mengawal proses secara lebih tersusun. Namun, keadaan paling asas pada kesan PFC adalah daripada ramalan tak teraju-rapi yang disebabkan oleh formula ringkas dan anggapan dinamik input yang sama bagi masa depan. Walau kekangan ini dapat diatasi, namun prestasi akan berubah secara konservatif disebabkan oleh isu ini. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah bagi membaiki kekangan prestasi kawalan PFC dengan modifikasi minimum formula yang ada. Secara spesifik, pendekatan nobel kawalan PFC dicadangkan berdasarkan ramalan lingkaran-tertutup. Selain anggapan input tetap seperti yang dilakukan pada ramalan lingkaran-terbuka yang konservatif, dinamik input yang dibuat pada lingkaran-tertutup telah digunakan bagi mengesan kekangan masa depan yang bertentangan. Tambahan, gangguan yang bakal berlaku pada masa depan telah diperkenalkan ke dalam struktur ramalan sebagai tambahan darjah pada kebebasan bagi mengatasi kekangan. Dua dapatan simulasi kajian menyetujui pendekatan yang dicadangkan dan menyebabkan sangat kurang kekangan pengendalian pada sistem konservatif, oleh itu kawalan yang lebih bagus pada prestasi berbanding pada PFC nominal. Selain itu, pendekatan nobel ini juga menghilangkan kesukaran pelarasan yang dikenali ramai dan ramalan isu tidak konsisten yang terdapat pada PFC konvensional apabila mengendali kekangan.
Knowledge of COVID-19 among Health Care Workers at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bhandari Sandip , Sharma Medha , Shrestha Gentle Sundar 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Health care workers are at higher risk of infection with the coronavirus disease as they are directly involved in the treatment of infected patients and perform aerosol-generating procedures. Proper knowledge of this disease can influence the positive attitude, good practices and enhance their safety. We aim to study the knowledge of COVID-19 among health care workers of the tertiary care hospital of Nepal.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among health care workers of Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre from May 20 to June 19, 2020. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Board (IRB No: 4-2020). Written informed consent was taken from all respondents. Correct answers were summated to reflect the mean knowledge, expressed as a percentage. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.
Results: The mean general knowledge score was 95.7%. The mean medical knowledge score was 70.5%. Only 42 (56.8%) of physicians and 103 (53.6%) of nurses had a higher level of medical knowledge regarding COVID-19. Likewise, very few lab technicians 7 (21.9%) and none of the pharmacists had a higher level of medical knowledge.
Conclusions: The healthcare workers of this centre have adequate knowledge regarding COVID-19. However, periodic training for all workers, especially the nurses and allied workers, may help to update the knowledge and hence enhance their safety and that of their patients.
Isolated Gall Bladder Perforation in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Joshi Brikh Raj , Gautam Swotantra , Adhikari Yadav Saroj , Dhakal Sushil , Thapaliya Rasmita , Gupta Rakesh Kumar 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Cholelithiasisis is a common surgical problem worldwide. Gall bladder perforation is a rare life-threatening complication with considerable mortality. This study aims to find the etiology, demography, type of perforation, and outcome of gall bladder perforation.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done on patients above 18 years of age visiting the department of surgery of B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS) who were diagnosed with isolated gall bladder perforation. The study was done from 1st January 2006 till 30 December 2016. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Research Committee (reference number. 34/074/075). The convenient sampling method was used. Data were entered in excel sheets and analyzed.
Results: Out of 49 patients included in the study, 28 (57.14%) were females and the commonest age group was 36 to 50 years 22 (44.9%) followed by 51 to 65 years 16 (32.6%). Most of the patients presented in emergency with pain in their abdomen. Diabetes mellitus was the commonest co-morbidity present in 10 (20.41%) patients. Operative management was done in 45 (91.84%) of the patient and conservative management in 4 (8.16%). After surgery of 45 patients, 43 (95.56%) improved and 2 (4.44%) expired. The most common type of perforation was Niemeier Type I in 21 (46.67%) followed by Type III 14 (31.11%). The most common histopathological diagnosis was acute cholecystitis 20 (44.44%).
Conclusions: Isolated gall bladder perforation is not an uncommon complication. The most common etiological factor was acute cholecystitis with a slight female predominance. Most of the patients needed surgical intervention and they had good outcomes when diagnosed and managed on time.
Blood Donation Practice among Undergraduate Students in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Dawadi Pravakar , Khadka Sabina , Khanal Milan Chandra , Thapa Raj Kumar 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Voluntary blood donation is a reliable source of increasing the demand for blood transfusion. Medical students are the potential pool of blood donors. This study aims to find the prevalence of blood donation practice among medical students of a medical college in Nepal.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in a medical college of Nepal among students studying from the first year to final year MBBS. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee of the Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences (Ref no. 245). A stratified random sampling technique was used to collect data. A self-administered pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016.
Results: The prevalence of blood donation practice among medical students of the medical college is 41 (22.20%) (17.35-27.05 at 95% Confidence Interval). The practice of blood donation is seen more among students of the final year 15 (35.71%) and the least among first year 3 (8.57%). Most of the donors, 24 (58.54%), have donated blood only once before. The most common reasons for donating and not donating blood before are ‘behavior of altruism’ 12 (29.27%) and ‘I am not fit/disapproved’ 44 (30.56%) respectively.
Conclusions: This study shows less prevalence of blood donation practice among medical students. It points to the need for more extensive studies to explore the factors deterring medical students from donating blood. Definitive strategies are also needed to encourage medical students to increased voluntary participation in blood donation.