bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unique Needs for the Implementation of Emergency Department Human Immunodeficiency Virus Screening in Adolescents
Authors: Gutman Colleen K. , Duda Elizabeth , Newton Naomi , Alevy Ryan , Palmer Katherine , Wetzel Martha , Figueroa Janet , Griffiths Mark , Koyama Atsuko , Middlebrooks Lauren , Simon Harold K. , Camacho‐Gonzalez Andres , Morris Claudia R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend universal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening starting at 13 years, which has been implemented in many general U.S. emergency departments (EDs) but infrequently in pediatric EDs. We aimed to 1) implement a pilot of routine adolescent HIV screening in a pediatric ED and 2) determine the unique barriers to CDC‐recommended screening in this region of high HIV prevalence.MethodsThis was a prospective 4‐month implementation of a routine HIV screening pilot in a convenience sample of adolescents 13 to 18 years at a single pediatric ED, based on study personnel availability. Serum‐based fourth‐generation HIV testing was run through a central laboratory. Parents were allowed to remain in the room for HIV counseling and testing. Data were collected regarding patient characteristics and HIV testing quality metrics. Comparisons were made using chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests. Regression analysis was performed to assess for an association between parent presence at the time of enrollment and adolescent decision to participate in HIV screening.ResultsOver 4 months, 344 of 806 adolescents approached consented to HIV screening (57% female, mean ± SD = 15.1 ± 1.6 years). Adolescents with HIV screening were more likely to be older than those who declined (p = 0.025). Other blood tests were collected with the HIV sample for 21% of adolescents; mean time to result was 105 minutes (interquartile range = 69 to 123) and 79% were discharged before the result was available. Having a parent present for enrollment was not associated with adolescent participation (adjusted odds ratio = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.67 to 1.70). Barriers to testing included: fear of needlestick, time to results, cost, and staff availability. One of 344 tests was positive in a young adolescent with Stage 1 HIV.ConclusionsRoutine HIV screening in adolescents was able to be implemented in this pediatric ED and led to the identification of early infection in a young adolescent who would have otherwise been undetected at this stage of disease. Addressing the unique barriers to adolescent HIV screening is critical in high‐prevalence regions and may lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment in this vulnerable population.
Corporate social responsibility and information flow
Authors: Chen Gary , Wang Bin , Wang Xiaohong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe find that a firm’s greater commitment to corporate social responsibility (CSR) increases firm‐specific information incorporated into stock prices. We further show that information searches increase around major disclosure events for firms that are more socially responsible, as observed through requests for newly released annual (10‐K) filings on EDGAR and company ticker searches on Google around earnings announcements. Using alternative empirical specifications, we establish a robust and positive relation between CSR and stock price informativeness. Our results are consistent with the ethical and reputational view that a commitment to CSR encourages information acquisition and facilitates information flow into stock prices.
Bio‐ecology of false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) within citrus orchards in Kenya and Tanzania
Authors: Mkiga Abdullah M. , Mohamed Samira A. , du Plessis Hannalene , Khamis Fathiya M. , Ekesi Sunday 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
False codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta is among the key constraints of the agricultural industry. Little is known about the population dynamics and genetic diversity of this pest in East Africa.
The spatial–temporal population dynamics and genetic diversity of false codling moth were evaluated in citrus orchards in Kenya and Tanzania between May 2017 and August 2018 covering two fruiting seasons. The diversity of false codling moth sampled in these orchards and from solanaceous hosts, as well as from specimens received from Uganda, Sudan, and South Africa were assayed using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene.
A similar spatial–temporal pattern of false codling moth was found in both Kenya and Tanzania, with the most male moths in August 2017 and 2018. In Tanzania, the number of male moths caught at high and mid altitudes did not differ but were significantly higher than those caught at low altitude.
A relatively low false codling moth genetic diversity was recorded at the sites where sampling was done in the respective countries as well as between specimens sampled from different host plants.
The low false codling moth genetic diversity determined in this trial can be exploited in the management of the pest in the studied countries.
Rheumatic immune‐related adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Zhong Hui , Zhou Jiaxin , Xu Dong , Zeng Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) block the major inhibitory pathways in T cells, resulting in an augmented antitumor response. Immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) are a new class of side effects caused by ICIs and tend to be more prevalent in patients with preexisting autoantibodies and autoimmune diseases. The rheumatic subset of irAEs mainly includes arthralgia, arthritis, myalgia, myositis, vasculitis, sicca syndrome, scleroderma and systemic lupus erythematosus. The most common classification system for AEs, the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, is of limited use for irAEs, especially rheumatic irAEs. Therapy with glucocorticoid and temporary or permanent discontinuation of ICIs are the cornerstones of irAE treatment, and can be complemented with immunosuppressants (e.g., methotrexate), biologic agents (e.g., tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and interleukin‐6 receptor antagonists), intravenous immunoglobin and plasma exchange. Thus, the evaluation and treatment of rheumatic irAEs require multidisciplinary cooperation among physicians. Here, we review the most prevalent ICI‐associated rheumatic irAEs.
Icariin modulates eNOS activity via effect on post‐translational protein‐protein interactions to improve erectile function of spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Liu Qin‐Wen , Yang Zhi‐Hui , Jiang Jun , Jiang Rui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundType 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDE5I) has become the first‐line treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED). However, its effective rate for hypertension ED is only 60%‐70%. How to improve the efficacy of ED treatment is the focus of current research.ObjectiveTo explore whether icariin can improve the erectile function of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by affecting post‐translational protein‐protein interactions to regulate endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS) activity.MethodTwelve‐week‐old healthy male SHR rats and Wistar‐Kyoto rats (WKY) were randomly divided into four groups: SHR control group, SHR + icariin (10 mg/kg·d gavage) treatment group, WKY control group, and WKY + icariin (10 mg/kg·d gavage) treatment group (n = 5). After 4 weeks, the maximum penile intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure (ICPmax/MAP), the expression of heat‐shock protein 90 (Hsp90), caveolin‐1, calmodulin, p‐eNOS, and eNOS in penile cavernous tissue and the content of nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP were measured. The interaction between eNOS and Hsp90, caveolin‐1, and calmodulin were detected by immunoprecipitation.ResultThe ICPmax/MAP in the SHR + icariin treatment group (0.08 ± 0.01, 0.23 ± 0.07, 0.40 ± 0.05) was significantly higher than the SHR group (0.03 ± 0.01, 0.13 ± 0.03, 0.21 ± 0.02) under 3V and 5V electrical stimulations (P < .05). Compared with the SHR group, the expression of HSP90, calmodulin, P‐eNOS, eNOS, and P‐eNOS/eNOS in the penile cavernous tissue of rats in the WKY group and the SHR + icariin treatment group were significantly increased (P < .05), and the expression of caveolin‐1 was significantly decreased (P < .05). The NO content (2.16 ± 0.22 μmol/g) and cGMP concentration (3.69 ± 0.12 pmol/mg) in the SHR + icariin treatment group were significantly higher than those in the SHR group (1.01 ± 0.14 μmol/g, 2.31 ± 0.22 pmol/mg) (P < .05). Compared with the SHR group, the interaction between eNOS and HSP90 in the cavernosa of the rats in the SHR + icariin treatment group was significantly increased (P < .05), the interaction between eNOS and caveolin‐1 was significantly decreased (P < .01), and the interaction between eNOS and calmodulin did not significantly change.Discussion and ConclusionUp‐regulating the expression of HSP90 and calmodulin and inhibiting caveolin‐1 in SHR corpus cavernosum, promoting the interaction between eNOS and HSP90, inhibiting the interaction between eNOS and caveolin‐1, increasing p‐eNOS/eNOS, may be the mechanism of icariin that improves SHR erectile function.
10Carceral Heritage and the Gendered Politics of Display in Caria (4th century BCE) and Korea (Present)
Authors: Kim Patricia Eunji 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThis article analyzes two distinct bronze sculptural monuments, one from the fourth‐century BCE Mediterranean and the other from present‐day South Korea, to examine how the politics of gender and difference shape heritage and heritage work. Although different in historical and geographic contexts, the monuments both represent women whose gendered and ethnic differences were mobilized by opposing political actors first to justify the violence enacted against them and then to contain or cover their monuments to engender what I call “carceral heritage”—heritage that is physically and symbolically policed by historical powerholders.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders: A feasibility and proof of concept study
Authors: Waters Cerith S. , Annear Benjamin , Flockhart Gillean , Jones Ian , Simmonds Jessica R. , Smith Sue , Traylor Claire , Williams Jessica F. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of the current study was to assess the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of a newly developed Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention developed specifically to address the unique context of pregnancy and parenthood. The intervention was delivered to women accessing a specialist Perinatal Community Mental Health Service (PCMHS).DesignAn open‐label pilot study was conducted of an 8‐week, group‐delivered ACT intervention targeting women with moderate‐to‐severe mood and/or anxiety disorders during pregnancy and/or postpartum.MethodsOutcomes included session attendance rates, dropout rates, crisis/inpatient service use, and standardized symptom scales. Participant's responses to open‐ended questions contained in an end of therapy questionnaire were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsSeventy‐four women were referred to the intervention with 65 (88%) completing treatment. The median number of sessions attended was 7. No women required input from crisis/inpatient services. All reported finding the intervention helpful. The implementation of ACT in daily life, therapist support, and group processes were cited as helpful aspects of the intervention. At post‐treatment, there was a significant reduction in global distress (d = 0.99) and depressive symptoms (d = 1.05), and an increase in psychological flexibility (d = 0.93). On the secondary outcome of global distress, 38% of women were classified as recovered, 31% had reliably improved, 27% remained the same, and 4% had reliably deteriorated.ConclusionsThe delivery of ACT in a routine practice setting is feasible, safe, and effective. A randomized control trial (RCT) is needed to establish the efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of this group‐delivered ACT intervention.Practitioner points

Group‐delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is acceptable for women with moderate‐to‐severe perinatal mood and/or anxiety disorders and can be feasibly delivered in a routine practice setting.

The trans‐diagnostic nature of ACT enables the concurrent treatment of depressive and anxiety symptoms within the same intervention which is particularly helpful in the perinatal context given the comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders.

With training and supervision, mental health practitioners without extensive education in the delivery of psychological therapies can facilitate the ACT group programme.

As this was a feasibility study, there was no control group, adherence to the manual was not assessed, and the absence of a follow‐up period limits our knowledge of the longer‐term benefits of the ACT group programme.
Management of COMPlicAted intra‐abdominal collectionS after colorectal Surgery (COMPASS): protocol for a multicentre, observational, prospective international study of drain placement practices in colorectal surgery
Authors:   EuroSurg Collaborative
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimPostoperative drains have historically been used for the prevention and early detection of intra‐abdominal collections. However, current evidence suggests that prophylactic drain placement following colorectal surgery has no significant clinical benefit. This is reflected in the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) guidelines, which recommend against their routine use. The Ileus Management International study found more than one‐third of participating centres across the world routinely used drains in the majority of colorectal resections. The aim of the present study is to audit international compliance with ERAS guidelines regarding the use of postoperative drains in colorectal surgery.MethodThis prospective, multicentre audit will be conducted via the student‐ and trainee‐led EuroSurg Collaborative network across Europe, South Africa and Australasia. Data will be collected on consecutive patients undergoing elective and emergency colorectal surgery with 30‐day follow‐up. This will include any colorectal resection, formation of colostomy/ileostomy and reversal of stoma. The primary end‐point will be adherence to ERAS guidelines for intra‐abdominal drain placement. Secondary outcomes will include the following: time to diagnosis of intra‐abdominal postoperative collections; output and time to removal of drains; and 30‐day postoperative complications defined by the Clavien–Dindo classification.ConclusionThis protocol describes the methodology for the first international audit of intra‐abdominal drain placement after colorectal surgery. The study will be conducted across a large collaborative network with quality assurance and data validation strategies. This will provide a clear understanding of current practice and novel evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of intra‐abdominal drain placement in colorectal surgical patients.
Kidney transplantation using lymphocyte depleting induction and standard maintenance immunosuppression at the height of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic in New York City: A single‐center experience
Authors: Santeusanio Andrew D. , Zendel Alexey , Fenig Yaniv , Mahamid Ahmad , Bhansali Arjun , De Boccardo Graciela , Delaney Veronica , Farouk Samira S. , Dunn Dallas , Rana Meenakshi , Florman Sander , Shapiro Ron 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundConcerns have been raised regarding proceeding with kidney transplantation using standard immunosuppression in COVID‐19 endemic areas.MethodsWe performed a single‐center review of all adult kidney transplants performed during the COVID‐19 pandemic in New York City. Patients were managed with standard immunosuppression protocols, including lymphocyte depleting induction and trough‐guided tacrolimus. Retrospective data were collected for 3 months from the date of transplantation or until study conclusion (5/7/2020). The primary outcomes assessed included patient and allograft survival as well as COVID‐19 related hospital readmission.Results30 kidney transplants were performed during the height of the COVID‐19 pandemic. After a median follow‐up of 51.5 days, 93.3% of patients were alive with 100% death‐censored allograft survival. 9 patients were readmitted to the hospital during the study period, 4 (13.3%) related to infection with COVID‐19. Infections were mild in 3/4 patients, with one patient developing severe disease leading to respiratory failure. Patients readmitted with COVID‐19 were numerically more likely to be African American, have a BMI > 30 kg/m2, have a lymphocyte count ≤ 300 cells/mL, and be on maintenance corticosteroids.ConclusionsKidney transplantation in areas endemic to COVID‐19 using standard induction and maintenance immunosuppression appears to be associated with a modest risk for severe COVID‐19 related disease.
A rare case of invasive melanoma likely arising from passenger melanocytes of a basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Paladichuk Hana , Talbott L. Brent 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeoplasms consisting of different cell lineages within a single skin specimen are rare, yet well documented in the literature. However, to date, there appears to be no report of invasive melanoma arising directly from the passenger melanocytes of a basal cell carcinoma (BCC). We present a case of a 91‐year‐old male with a suspicious lesion on the ear. Histopathology and immunohistochemical staining revealed BCC closely intertwined with invasive melanoma that exhibited foci of chondroid differentiation. The melanoma appeared to arise from the benign‐appearing passenger melanocytes of the BCC and lacked connection to the overlying epidermis or an in situ component. Multiple dermatopathologists reviewed the case and agreed that the most likely explanation for the histopathologic findings was that the invasive melanoma arose from the passenger melanocytes within the BCC.
Continuing medical and student education in dermatology during the coronavirus pandemic – a major challenge
Authors: Martin Alice , Lang Estefanía , Ramsauer Babett , Gröning Thilo , Bedin Gustavo L. , Frank Jorge 
Published: July 2020

SummaryContinuing medical education (CME) is the essential basis for student teaching and for training and further development of physicians. Without it, modern and adequate patient care is unthinkable. Recently, the coronavirus pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2), forced the entire medical community to change its usual habits of advanced medical training, teaching and learning. As a result, digital training and teaching via social media, online medical encyclopedias, web‐based learning platforms and educational podcasts moved to the fore. Here, we give an overview on current concepts for online medical education, with special consideration of dermatology.
COVID‐19 and implications for dermatological and allergological diseases
Authors: Buhl Timo , Beissert Stefan , Gaffal Evelyn , Goebeler Matthias , Hertl Michael , Mauch Cornelia , Reich Kristian , Schmidt Enno , Schön Michael P. , Sticherling Michael , Sunderkötter Cord , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia , Werfel Thomas , Wilsman‐Theis Dagmar , Worm Margitta 
Published: July 2020

SummaryCOVID‐19, caused by the coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2, has become pandemic. A further level of complexity opens up as soon as we look at diseases whose pathogenesis and therapy involve different immunological signaling pathways, which are potentially affected by COVID‐19. Medical treatments must often be reassessed and questioned in connection with this infection.This article summarizes the current knowledge of COVID‐19 in the light of major dermatological and allergological diseases. It identifies medical areas lacking sufficient data and draws conclusions for the management of our patients during the pandemic. We focus on common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with complex immunological pathogenesis: psoriasis, eczema including atopic dermatitis, type I allergies, autoimmune blistering and inflammatory connective tissue diseases, vasculitis, and skin cancers. Since several other inflammatory skin diseases display related or comparable immunological reactions, clustering of the various inflammatory dermatoses into different disease patterns may help with therapeutic decisions. Thus, following these patterns of skin inflammation, our review may supply treatment recommendations and thoughtful considerations for disease management even beyond the most frequent diseases discussed here.
The usefulness of contrast‐enhanced echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of intramural hematoma and aortic dissection: A case report
Authors: Chen Xia , Cao Yukun , Li Yue , Yao Jing , Zhang Hongchao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractContrast‐enhanced transthoracic echocardiography (cTTE) plays an important role in the diagnosis of intramural hematoma (IMH) and aortic dissection (AD), and is also necessary for the adequate management from the assessment of findings. We hereby present an interesting case in which cTTE provides additional value over contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis and the morphological characterization of IMH and AD. A 58‐year‐old man presented to the emergency department with intermittent chest pain. After emergency consultation, an enhanced CT scan showed an acute aortic intramural hematoma involving aortic arch and descending aorta. Nevertheless, the entry tear and false lumen flow direction were identified by cTTE, which suggested an acute type B AD.
Essential but invisible: non‐apparent but widespread ant nests favour soil nutrients and plant growth in semi‐arid areas
Authors: Pirk Gabriela Inés , Elizalde Luciana , Lescano María Natalia , Werenkraut Victoria 
Published: July 2020

1. Ants provide multiple ecosystem services, including nutrient cycling. Although most studies on nests effects on soil fertility and plant performance include species with large nests, species with less apparent nests may have a relevant effect, especially if they are widespread, abundant, and/or inhabit nutrient‐poor soils.2. We studied the effects of nests of three abundant and widespread ant species in the Patagonian steppe (the generalist Dorymyrmex tener, and the seed harvesters Pogonomyrmex carbonarius and Pheidole spininodis) on soil properties, plant growth of two native species, and seedling recruitment. Our main hypothesis was that, despite their non‐apparent nests, these species have a positive effect on soils and enhance plant growth.3. Nest soils showed higher soil conductivity, %K and %Mg than non‐nest soils. In a greenhouse experiment, individuals of the biennial forb Oenothera odorata grew bigger in nest soils of P. carbonarius and D. tener than in non‐nest soils. Individuals of the perennial tussock grass Pappostipa speciosa grew taller and had more tillers in nest versus non‐nest soils. Seedling abundance and richness were the highest in P. carbonarius nest soils and the general trends were similar to those observed in the plant growth experiment.4. Our results show that ant species with non‐apparent nests in an arid area enhance soil properties, favouring plant growth (nests of P. carbonarius and D. tener) and seedling abundance (nests of P. carbonarius). Due to their high abundance and widespread distribution, these two species could have a relevant role in ecosystem recovery after disturbance.