bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper nanoparticles on controlled pore glass (CPG) as highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts for “click reactions”
Authors: Rafi Abdolrahim A. , Ibrahem Ismail , Córdova Armando 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe herein report that supported copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) on commercially available controlled pore glass (CPG), which exhibit high mechanical, thermal and chemical stability as compared to other silica-based materials, serve as a useful heterogeneous catalyst system for 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions (“click” reactions) between terminal alkynes and organic azides under green chemistry conditions. The supported CuNPs-CPG catalyst exhibited a broad substrate scope and gave the corresponding triazole products in high yields. The CuNPs-CPG catalyst exhibit recyclability and could be reuced multiple times without contaminating the products with Cu.
Photosensitive tyrosine analogues unravel site-dependent phosphorylation in TrkA initiated MAPK/ERK signaling
Authors: Zhao Shu , Shi Jia , Yu Guohua , Li Dali , Wang Meng , Yuan Chonggang , Zhou Huihui , Parizadeh Amirabbas , Li Zhenlin , Guan Min-Xin , Ye Shixin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTyrosine kinase A (TrkA) is a membrane receptor which, upon ligand binding, activates several pathways including MAPK/ERK signaling, implicated in a spectrum of human pathologies; thus, TrkA is an emerging therapeutic target in treatment of neuronal diseases and cancer. However, mechanistic insights into TrKA signaling are lacking due to lack of site-dependent phosphorylation control. Here we engineer two light-sensitive tyrosine analogues, namely p-azido-L-phenylalanine (AzF) and the caged-tyrosine (ONB), through amber codon suppression to optically manipulate the phosphorylation state of individual intracellular tyrosines in TrkA. We identify TrkA-AzF and ONB mutants, which can activate the ERK pathway in the absence of NGF ligand binding through light control. Our results not only reveal how TrkA site-dependent phosphorylation controls the defined signaling process, but also extend the genetic code expansion technology to enable regulation of receptor-type kinase activation by optical control at the precision of a single phosphorylation site. It paves the way for comprehensive analysis of kinase-associated pathways as well as screening of compounds intervening in a site-directed phosphorylation pathway for targeted therapy.
Large genome-wide association study identifies three novel risk variants for restless legs syndrome
Authors: Didriksen Maria , Nawaz Muhammad Sulaman , Dowsett Joseph , Bell Steven , Erikstrup Christian , Pedersen Ole B. , Sørensen Erik , Jennum Poul J. , Burgdorf Kristoffer S. , Burchell Brendan , Butterworth Adam S. , Soranzo Nicole , Rye David B. , Trotti Lynn Marie , Saini Prabhjyot , Stefansdottir Lilja , Magnusson Sigurdur H. , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Sigmundsson Thordur , Sigurdsson Albert P. , Van Den Hurk Katja , Quee Franke , Tanck Michael W. T. , Ouwehand Willem H. , Roberts David J. , Earley Eric J. , Busch Michael P. , Mast Alan E. , Page Grier P. , Danesh John , Di Angelantonio Emanuele , Stefansson Hreinn , Ullum Henrik , Stefansson Kari 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological sensorimotor disorder often described as an unpleasant sensation associated with an urge to move the legs. Here we report findings from a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of RLS including 480,982 Caucasians (cases = 10,257) and a follow up sample of 24,977 (cases = 6,651). We confirm 19 of the 20 previously reported RLS sequence variants at 19 loci and report three novel RLS associations; rs112716420-G (OR = 1.25, P = 1.5 × 10−18), rs10068599-T (OR = 1.09, P = 6.9 × 10−10) and rs10769894-A (OR = 0.90, P = 9.4 × 10−14). At four of the 22 RLS loci, cis-eQTL analysis indicates a causal impact on gene expression. Through polygenic risk score for RLS we extended prior epidemiological findings implicating obesity, smoking and high alcohol intake as risk factors for RLS. To improve our understanding, with the purpose of seeking better treatments, more genetics studies yielding deeper insights into the disease biology are needed.
Differences in visually induced MEG oscillations reflect differences in deep cortical layer activity
Authors: Pinotsis Dimitris A. , Miller Earl K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNeural activity is organized at multiple scales, ranging from the cellular to the whole brain level. Connecting neural dynamics at different scales is important for understanding brain pathology. Neurological diseases and disorders arise from interactions between factors that are expressed in multiple scales. Here, we suggest a new way to link microscopic and macroscopic dynamics through combinations of computational models. This exploits results from statistical decision theory and Bayesian inference. To validate our approach, we used two independent MEG datasets. In both, we found that variability in visually induced oscillations recorded from different people in simple visual perception tasks resulted from differences in the level of inhibition specific to deep cortical layers. This suggests differences in feedback to sensory areas and each subject’s hypotheses about sensations due to differences in their prior experience. Our approach provides a new link between non-invasive brain imaging data, laminar dynamics and top-down control.
Magmatic volatiles episodically flush oceanic hydrothermal systems as recorded by zoned epidote
Authors: Fox Stephen , Katzir Yaron , Bach Wolfgang , Schlicht Lucy , Glessner Justin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCirculation of seawater at oceanic spreading centers extracts heat, drives rock alteration, and transports leached metals to shallower levels of the crust, where they may precipitate and form ore deposits. Crystallization of the lower crust, may exsolve and introduce magmatic volatiles into the seawater-dominant system. However, the role of magmatic volatiles added to the hydrothermal system, including pathways of these fluids are lesser known. Here we present coupled in-situ strontium isotope and rare earth element data of distinct domains in epidote, a common hydrothermal mineral throughout the Troodos ophiolite, to track magmatic fluid input and flow. Epidote crystal domains characterize three distinct strontium isotope-rare earth element signatures—suggesting sequential growth from magma-derived fluids (0.704, negative europium anomalies), rock-buffered fluids (0.7055, positive europium anomalies) and seawater-derived fluids (0.7065, negative cerium anomalies). Epidote records episodic fluxing of magmatic fluids from plagiogranites, through epidosites in the upflow zone and into metal ore deposits.
The effect of indium doping on the hydrogen evolution performance of g-C3N4 based photocatalysts
Authors: Yang Xiaohang , Guo Zilong , Zhang Xiaoyu , Han Yandong , Xue Zheng , Xie Tengfeng , Yang Wensheng 
Published: November 2020

Doping graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with indium ions in an unique quasi-interlayer fashion is effective to improve its visible light photocatalytic performance towards hydrogen evolution via water splitting.
Deterministic hierarchical remote state preparation of a two‐qubit entangled state using Brown et al. state in a noisy environment
Authors: Barik Subhashish , Warke Aakash , Behera Bikash K. , Panigrahi Prasanta K. 
Published: November 2020

Quantum communication is one of the cutting‐edge research areas today, where the scheme of remote state preparation (RSP) has drawn significant attention of researchers. The authors propose here a hierarchical RSP protocol for sending a two‐qubit entangled state using a seven‐qubit highly entangled state derived from Brown et al. state. They have also studied here the effects of two well‐known noise models namely amplitude damping (AD) and phase damping (PD). An investigation on the variation of the fidelity of the state with respect to the noise operator and receiver is made. PD noise is found to affect the fidelity more than the AD noise. Furthermore, the higher power receiver obtains the state with higher fidelity than the lower power receiver under the effect of noise. To the best of their knowledge, they believe that they have achieved the highest fidelity for the higher power receiver, 0.89 in the presence of maximum AD noise and 0.72 in the presence of maximum PD noise, compared to all the previously proposed RSP protocols in noisy environments. The study of noise is described in a very pedagogical manner for a better understanding of the application of noise models to a communication protocol.
Viscous heating in the disk of the outbursting star FU Orionis
Authors: Labdon Aaron , Kraus Stefan , Davies Claire L. , Kreplin Alexander , Monnier John D. , Le Bouquin Jean-Baptiste , Anugu Narsireddy , ten Brummelaar Theo , Setterholm Benjamin , Gardner Tyler , Ennis Jacob , Lanthermann Cyprien , Schaefer Gail , Laws Anna 
Published: November 2020

Context. FU Orionis is the archetypal FUor star, a subclass of young stellar objects (YSOs) that undergo rapid brightening events, often gaining between four and six magnitudes on timescales of days. This brightening is often associated with a massive increase in accretion, which is one of the most ubiquitous processes in astrophysics for bodies ranging from planets and stars to super-massive black holes. We present multi-band interferometric observations of the FU Ori circumstellar environment, including the first J-band interferometric observations of a YSO.
Aims. We investigate the morphology and temperature gradient of the innermost regions of the accretion disk around FU Orionis. We aim to characterise the heating mechanisms of the disk and comment on potential outburst-triggering processes.
Methods. Recent upgrades to the MIRC-X instrument at the CHARA array have allowed for the first dual-band J and H observations of YSOs. Using baselines up to 331 m, we present high-angular-resolution data of a YSO covering the near-infrared bands J, H, and K. The unprecedented spectral range of the data allowed us to apply temperature gradient models to the innermost regions of FU Ori.
Results. We spatially resolved the innermost astronomical unit of the disk and determine the exponent of the temperature gradient of the inner disk to T ∝ r−0.74 ± 0.02. This agrees with theoretical works that predict T ∝ r−0.75 for actively accreting, steady-state disks, which is a value only obtainable through viscous heating within the disk. We found a disk that extends down to the stellar surface at 0.015 ± 0.007 au, where the temperature is found to be 5800 ± 700 K. We found a disk inclined at 32 ± 4° with a minor-axis position angle of 34 ± 11°.
Conclusions. We demonstrate that J-band interferometric observations of YSOs are feasible with the MIRC-X instrument at CHARA. The temperature gradient power-law derived for the inner disk is consistent with theoretical predictions for steady-state, optically thick, viciously heated accretion disks.
Different cultural conceptualizations underlying intercultural business communication problems between Thais and
Koreans
Authors: Hyun Yangwon 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
When people from different cultural backgrounds interact, their divergent conceptualizations may result in
communication problems. While the significance of intercultural business interactions between Thais and South Koreans has
increased with the development of trade relations between their countries, few attempts have been made to research interactional
problems in this context. This study investigates the respective Thai and Korean cultural conceptualizations that underlie
communication problems between them in the context of Korean multinational companies operating in Thailand. By analyzing data
derived from in-depth interviews, this article elucidates the linguistic features of Thai and Korean speakers in relation to four
different culture-specific conceptualizations: for Thais, the cultural schema of kreng jai and the cultural
category of phinong; and for Koreans, the cultural schemas of ppalli ppalli and
gunsinyuei. The findings show that these cultural conceptualizations govern Thais’ and Koreans’ different
ways of interacting, and the paper discusses how these differences lead to and shape misunderstandings and interpersonal conflicts
between these cultural counterparts during intercultural business communications.
The importance of cultural conceptualizations and metacultural competence in developing cultural literacy
Authors: García Ochoa Gabriel , Normand-Marconnet Nadine , McDonald Sarah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCultural Literacy is an emerging, interdisciplinary approach in literary and cultural studies. As such, it seeks to grow and benefit from different fields and disciplines. Whilst there are differences between Cultural Literacy and Cultural Linguistics, there is common ground between them, and Cultural Literacy can draw immense benefit from the cross-pollination of ideas with Cultural Linguistics. This article explores the interconnections between Cultural Literacy and Cultural Linguistics, particularly in relation to intercultural communication. The article compares a number of differences and similarities between Cultural Linguistics and Cultural Literacy, in particular, the notions of ‘cultural conceptualisations’ and ‘metacultural competence’ as they are currently applied in Cultural Linguistics. The article discusses the possible use of cultural conceptualisations in Cultural Literacy, arguing that these can support the development of cultural literacy skills, by providing a strong, useful framework to enhance what is known as ‘cultural readability’. Furthermore, the paper looks at the application of strategies for metacultural competence hitherto associated with Cultural Linguistics in the context of Cultural Literacy, arguing that such strategies illustrate practical steps that can be taken toward developing an individual’s Cultural Literacy skills. Lastly, the article suggests that the ideas of transcultural competence, critical reflection and cultural readability, often used in Cultural Literacy, can enrich new discussions on Cultural Linguistics.
“Say Mashallah!”
Authors: Algharabali Nada , Taqi Hanan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The goal of the present study is to investigate the sociolinguistic aspects in relation to the existence of the evil eye
as a belief system in Kuwaiti society. Specifically, we examine the verbal and nonverbal manifestations of the evil eye, even at a distance,
when its effect is believed to permeate into online interaction on social media. To achieve this goal, we used a combined research method
that consists of an online questionnaire that reached an extensive group of 518 participants and a face-to-face interview with a group from
our sample in order to elicit both quantitative and qualitative data. The results demonstrate that believing in the evil eye and its harmful
effects is prevalent among all groups of people in the Kuwaiti society, regardless of sociolinguistic factors, which affect the frequency
and nature of posts. Our findings also indicate that the same verbal and nonverbal methods of protection from the evil eye used in the
offline world are used online. Moreover, these preventative methods appear to be in support of similar ones mentioned in previous literature
related to this area.
Euphemisms as linguistic tool for politeness in Kempo speech of Manggarai
Authors: Semiun Agustinus 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article presents euphemisms as linguistic tools for the expression of politeness in a local language, Kempo speech of
the Manggarai language, in West Flores, Indonesia. The universal use of euphemisms indcates that speakers of languages across the world very
much care about politeness as a means to maintain social relationships. Euphemisms are defined as the use of soft or mild words to replace
offensive words for the purpose of politeness. They are used during interactions, to ensure that social relationships are maintained. The
qualitative data show that Kempo ethnic people use various types of mild words to prevent their crops being damaged by certain animals; to
maintain interactions by not mentioning certain human body parts; to replace the names of certain professions that are not polite to mention
during interactions; and to avoid mentioning unworthy words for certain activities, events, and conditions. These euphemisms are used to
maintain politeness in any interaction or communication.The euphemisms identified are morphologically and syntactically formed. It is
interesting that some euphemisms are in the form of words bearing lexical meanings, while others have idiomatic meanings. Meanwhile, some
euphemisms are in phrase and clause forms that bear idiomatic meanings. These findings indicate that the people of Kempo ethnicity very much
care about how to use language properly to maintain politeness and social relationships.
Facilitative transfer only?
Authors: Guo Yanyu , Yuan Boping 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study investigates transfer effects and later development in English-Cantonese bilinguals’ L3 Mandarin grammar. Three
types of Mandarin sentence-final particle clusters are involved as the target structures. The results show that L3 learners with the
knowledge of Cantonese behave in a less native-like way than their English-speaking L2 counterparts on the illicit Mandarin cluster
[*de le/* le de] that has a licit corresponding cluster in Cantonese, and outperform their L2
counterparts on the licit Mandarin cluster [le ne] that has a Cantonese equivalent. This is regarded as strong evidence of
transfer effects from Cantonese, which is typologically and structurally more similar to Mandarin than English. We hence argue that L3
initial transfer is not determined by the order of the languages previously acquired but the structural similarity. More importantly, our
study shows that transfer effects can be facilitative as well as detrimental. In addition, our data cross different proficiency levels show
that factors such as the learning situation (learning or unlearning), word frequency and form-meaning relationship can influence the success
of acquisition of a specific property in the L3.
Acoustic analysis of Chinese tone production by Thai-speaking learners of L2 Chinese
Authors: Zhang Ling , Liu Shi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article reports on an empirical study of Chinese tone production in various contexts by Thai-speaking learners of L2
Chinese. Comparisons are made between Thai students and Chinese native speakers. The acoustic data are analyzed in terms of pitch register,
pitch contour and duration, which show that the main problems of Thai students are: (1) T1 is lower in sentence-mid and sentence-initial
positions; (2) T2 is less rising or even exhibits a falling-rising contour at a lower register; (3) T3 cannot approximate a full
falling-rising contour in isolated characters and at sentence-final position; (4) T4 is too long and the falling slope is too strong. Our results suggest that Thai students should make efforts in both pitch and rhythm control and pay attention to context
variations. It is also suggested that similar research methods can be applied to L2 Chinese learners with different first languages
(L1s).
Comment on ‘Improving series convergence: the simple pendulum and beyond’
Authors: Fernández Francisco M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this comment we analyze the improved series proposed by Duki et al (2018 Eur. J. Phys.
39 065802) for the approximate calculation of a variety of physical quantities like the period of the simple pendulum and an integral of the exponential of a two-dimensional potential-energy function. We show that the application of the approach to the latter case is unnecessary because both the expansion coefficients and the original problem are given in terms of a similar error function. Present results for the straightforward expansion with exact analytic coefficients do not show the oscillatory behaviour exhibited by the calculations of those authors. We give reasons why the improved approach of Duki et al may not be suitable for the treatment of many realistic physical problems.
Ways of incorporating active learning experiences: an exploration of worksheets over five years in a first year Thai physics courses
Authors: Eambaipreuk A , Arayathanitkul K , Emarat N , Sharma M D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It has been established that the incorporation of active learning experiences in the context of university lectures increases overall student learning. This study contributes to the literature by examining iterations of incorporating interactivity where the ‘intensity’, in terms of the content, structure and time spent on different in-class activities is varied. The study described in this paper deals in some depth with the use of worksheets during lectures on the topic of circular motion. The study was done with a total of 1405 students studying first-year physics over five years at Mahidol University, Thailand. Over these years, the style of the worksheets as well as the in-class activities were modified. In the first year, the worksheet contained a subsection for note taking as well as problem-solving practice; in the second year, a problem-solving strategy was introduced; in the third year, a lecture demonstration with associated free-body diagrams was included; in the final two years, these diagrams were modified. There was a statistically significant difference between student performance on an examination question of circular motion between the first-year cohort and the cohorts of later years. However, the results for later years indicate a saturation of mean scores. This saturation level needs to be further investigated under different topics, with different cohorts and with different types of active learning.
Novel narrowband radio frequency microelectromechanical systems filters
Authors: Liu Wenli , Chen Zeji , Kan Xiao , Wang Tianyun , Jia Qianqian , Zhu Yinfang , Zhao Jicong , Yuan Quan , Yang Jinling , Yang Fuhua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This work presents three new narrowband radio frequency
(RF) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) filters made from mechanical or electrically coupled resonators with a quality factor Q of over 10 000. A low-stiffness rectangular-frame mechanical coupling beam (RFCB) is designed, and a filter with an RFCB is successfully developed with a center frequency of 75.5 MHz and a percent bandwidth (BW) of 0.4%. In addition, a tunable narrowband filter is achieved with a mechanically coupled four-disk linear structure filter. The center frequencies are 74.47 ± 0.54 MHz and the percent BW range is 0.48%–2.2%. In order to further simplify the architecture of the filter, a filter based on a single whisper gallery mode disk resonator is demonstrated, which has a center frequency of 79.42 MHz and a BW of only 0.25%. The three different RF MEMS filters have potential applications in wireless communication systems.