bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A WEE1 family business: regulation of mitosis, cancer progression, and therapeutic target
Authors: Ghelli Luserna di Rorà Andrea , Cerchione Claudio , Martinelli Giovanni , Simonetti Giorgia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe inhibition of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway in the treatment of cancer has recently gained interest, and different DDR inhibitors have been developed. Among them, the most promising ones target the WEE1 kinase family, which has a crucial role in cell cycle regulation and DNA damage identification and repair in both nonmalignant and cancer cells. This review recapitulates and discusses the most recent findings on the biological function of WEE1/PKMYT1 during the cell cycle and in the DNA damage repair, with a focus on their dual role as tumor suppressors in nonmalignant cells and pseudo-oncogenes in cancer cells. We here report the available data on the molecular and functional alterations of WEE1/PKMYT1 kinases in both hematological and solid tumors. Moreover, we summarize the preclinical information on 36 chemo/radiotherapy agents, and in particular their effect on cell cycle checkpoints and on the cellular WEE1/PKMYT1-dependent response. Finally, this review outlines the most important pre-clinical and clinical data available on the efficacy of WEE1/PKMYT1 inhibitors in monotherapy and in combination with chemo/radiotherapy agents or with other selective inhibitors currently used or under evaluation for the treatment of cancer patients.
Exosomal miR-141 promotes tumor angiogenesis via KLF12 in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Mao Shuangshuang , Lu Zhiliang , Zheng Sufei , Zhang Hao , Zhang Guochao , Wang Feng , Huang Jianbing , Lei Yuanyuan , Wang Xinfeng , Liu Chengming , Sun Nan , He Jie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Angiogenesis, a basic requirement for tumor cell survival, is considered to be a malignant characteristic of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and is closely related to the poor outcomes of SCLC patients. miR-141 has been found to play pro- and antiangiogenic roles in different cancers, but its role in SCLC angiogenesis has never been explored.

Methods
Total RNA was isolated from plasm exosomes and serum of SCLC patients to examine the expression of miR-141 by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation, invasion, migration, tube formation assay, aortic ring assay and mouse tumor model were used to investigate the effect of exosomal miR-141 in angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Dual-luciferase assay was conducted to explore the target gene of miR-141.

Results
Circulating miR-141 was upregulated in samples from 122 SCLC patients compared with those from normal volunteers and that the increase in miR-141 was significantly associated with advanced TNM stages, implying the potential oncogenic role of miR-141 in SCLC malignancy. In vitro, miR-141 that was packaged into SCLC cell-secreted exosomes and delivered to human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) via exosomes facilitated HUVEC proliferation, invasion, migration and tube formation and promoted microvessel sprouting from mouse aortic rings. Matrigel plug assays demonstrated that SCLC cell-derived exosomal miR-141 induced neoangiogenesis in vivo. Furthermore, mouse subcutaneous tumor nodules that were developed from miR-141-overexpressing SCLC cells had a higher microvessel density (MVD) and grew faster than those developed from negative control cells. KLF12 was found to be the direct target gene of miR-141 and that the proangiogenic effect of miR-141 on HUVECs was abrogated by KLF12 overexpression.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate the specific function of the exosomal miR-141/KLF12 pathway in SCLC angiogenesis for the first time and provide potential novel targets for antiangiogenic therapies for SCLC patients.
Two seriously ill neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 pneumonia- a case report
Authors: Sagheb Setareh , Lamsehchi Ameneh , Jafary Mohamadreza , Atef-Yekta Reza , Sadeghi Kourosh 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a highly contagious viral disease has spread from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China to all over the world from its first recognition on December 2019. To date, only a few neonatal early-onset sepsis by SARS-COV-2 has been reported worldwide.

Case presentation
In this report, we present two seriously ill neonates who were born from mothers with stablished COVID-19 pneumonia. Laboratory tests showed lymphopenia with high LDH and hypocalcemia right after the birth. They had fever for days without responding to antibiotics and despite ruling out other potential causes. Both patients had positive RTPCR for SARS-COV-2 in the second round of testing but the first assay tested was negative. Hydroxychloroquine was used to treat both patients; the first patient was treated with it over a period of 14 days before showing signs of improvement. The second patient responded to the treatment over a period of 5 days.

Conclusion
Although based on the available evidences, vertical transmission of COVID-19 is less likely, many aspects of pathogenesis and transmission of this novel virus are still unclear. Therefore we cannot rule out the vertical transmission totally. Further investigations are warranted to determine the exact mechanisms and routes of transmission.
Patients with unexplained mismatch repair deficiency are interested in updated genetic testing
Authors: Omark Jessica , Vilar Eduardo , You Y Nancy , Dunnington Leslie , Noblin Sarah , Stevens Blair , Mork Maureen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Individuals who have colorectal or endometrial cancers displaying loss of immunohistochemical staining of one or more mismatch repair proteins without an identifiable causative germline pathogenic variant have unexplained mismatch repair deficiency (UMMRD). Comprehensive germline genetic testing for Lynch syndrome (LS) includes sequencing and deletion/duplication analysis of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2, deletion analysis of EPCAM, and MSH2 inversion analysis. Updated genetic testing to include elements of comprehensive LS testing not previously completed could further clarify LS status in individuals with UMMRD, allowing for tailored screening guidelines for affected individuals and their family members. However, patient understanding of the potential impact of updated genetic testing for LS is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the interest in and perceived impact of updated genetic testing among individuals with UMMRD at a tertiary academic center.

Methods
A survey evaluating interest in and perceived impact of updated genetic testing was mailed to 98 potential participants. Electronic health record review was completed for all individuals meeting eligibility criteria. Thirty-one individuals responded to the survey.

Results
Results indicate this population is highly interested in updated genetic testing with the perceived impact being primarily for family members to have appropriate genetic testing and screening. Electronic health record review indicates that clinicians have an evolving understanding of causes of UMMRD, representing a potential change in assessment of cancer risk.

Conclusions
Updated risk assessment and genetic counseling with a discussion of the benefits and limitations of germline and somatic genetic testing, is essential as the understanding of UMMRD and genetic testing recommendations for this population evolve.
ICU admission body composition: skeletal muscle, bone, and fat effects on mortality and disability at hospital discharge—a prospective, cohort study
Authors: Jaitovich Ariel , Dumas Camille L. , Itty Ria , Chieng Hau C. , Khan Malik M. H. S. , Naqvi Ali , Fantauzzi John , Hall Jesse B. , Feustel Paul J. , Judson Marc A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Reduced body weight at the time of intensive care unit (ICU) admission is associated with worse survival, and a paradoxical benefit of obesity has been suggested in critical illness. However, no research has addressed the survival effects of disaggregated body constituents of dry weight such as skeletal muscle, fat, and bone density.

Methods
Single-center, prospective observational cohort study of medical ICU (MICU) patients from an academic institution in the USA. Five hundred and seven patients requiring CT scanning of chest or abdomen within the first 24 h of ICU admission were evaluated with erector spinae muscle (ESM) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) areas and with bone density determinations at the time of ICU admission, which were correlated with clinical outcomes accounting for potential confounders.

Results
Larger admission ESM area was associated with decreased odds of 6-month mortality (OR per cm2, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94–0.97; p < 0.001) and disability at discharge (OR per cm2, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96–0.99; p = 0.012). Higher bone density was similarly associated with lower odds of mortality (OR per 100 HU, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.49–0.96; p = 0.027) and disability at discharge (OR per 100 HU, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.37–0.74; p < 0.001). SAT area was not significantly associated with these outcomes’ measures. Multivariable modeling indicated that ESM area remained significantly associated with 6-month mortality and survival after adjusting for other covariates including preadmission comorbidities, albumin, functional independence before admission, severity scores, age, and exercise capacity.

Conclusion
In our cohort, ICU admission skeletal muscle mass measured with ESM area and bone density were associated with survival and disability at discharge, although muscle area was the only component that remained significantly associated with survival after multivariable adjustments. SAT had no association with the analyzed outcome measures.
Effects of biofilm transfer and electron mediators transfer on Klebsiella quasipneumoniae sp. 203 electricity generation performance in MFCs
Authors: Guo Yating , Wang Guozhen , Zhang Hao , Wen Hongyu , Li Wen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Extracellular electron transfer (EET) is essential in improving the power generation performance of electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Currently, the EET mechanisms of dissimilatory metal-reducing (DMR) model bacteria Shewanella oneidensis and Geobacter sulfurreducens have been thoroughly studied. Klebsiella has also been proved to be an EAB capable of EET, but the EET mechanism has not been perfected. This study investigated the effects of biofilm transfer and electron mediators transfer on Klebsiella quasipneumoniae sp. 203 electricity generation performance in MFCs.

Results
Herein, we covered the anode of MFC with a layer of microfiltration membrane to block the effect of the biofilm mechanism, and then explore the EET of the electron mediator mechanism of K. quasipneumoniae sp. 203 and electricity generation performance. In the absence of short-range electron transfer, we found that K. quasipneumoniae sp. 203 can still produce a certain power generation performance, and coated-MFC reached 40.26 mW/m2 at a current density of 770.9 mA/m2, whereas the uncoated-MFC reached 90.69 mW/m2 at a current density of 1224.49 mA/m2. The difference in the electricity generation performance between coated-MFC and uncoated-MFC was probably due to the microfiltration membrane covered in anode, which inhibited the growth of EAB on the anode. Therefore, we speculated that K. quasipneumoniae sp. 203 can also perform EET through the biofilm mechanism. The protein content, the integrity of biofilm and the biofilm activity all proved that the difference in the electricity generation performance between coated-MFC and uncoated-MFC was due to the extremely little biomass of the anode biofilm. To further verify the effect of electron mediators on electricity generation performance of MFCs, 10 µM 2,6-DTBBQ, 2,6-DTBHQ and DHNA were added to coated-MFC and uncoated-MFC. Combining the time–voltage curve and CV curve, we found that 2,6-DTBBQ and 2,6-DTBHQ had high electrocatalytic activity toward the redox reaction of K. quasipneumoniae sp. 203-inoculated MFCs. It was also speculated that K. quasipneumoniae sp. 203 produced 2,6-DTBHQ and 2,6-DTBBQ.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, the three modes of EET did not exist separately. K. quasipneumoniae sp.203 will adopt the corresponding electron transfer mode or multiple ways to realize EET according to the living environment to improve electricity generation performance.
Melatonin deficiency decreases brown adipose tissue acute thermogenic capacity of in rats measured by 18F-FDG PET
Authors: Halpern Bruno , Mancini Marcio C. , Mendes Caroline , Machado Camila Maria Longo , Prando Silvana , Sapienza Marcelo Tatit , Buchpiguel Carlos Alberto , do Amaral Fernanda Gaspar , Cipolla-Neto José 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective
Melatonin has been shown to increase brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass, which can lead to important metabolic effects, such as bodyweight reduction and glycemic improvement. However, BAT mass can only be measured invasively and. The gold standard for non-invasive measurement of BAT activity is positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-d-glucose (18F-FDG PET). There is no study, to our knowledge, that has evaluated if melatonin influences BAT activity, measured by this imaging technique in animals.

Methods
Three experimental groups of Wistar rats (control, pinealectomy, and pinealectomy replaced with melatonin) had an 18F-FDG PET performed at room temperature and after acute cold exposure. The ratio of increased BAT activity after cold exposure/room temperature was called “acute thermogenic capacity” (ATC) We also measured UCP-1 mRNA expression to correlate with the 18F-FDG PET results.

Results
Pinealectomy led to reduced acute thermogenic capacity, compared with the other groups, as well as reduced UCP1 mRNA expression.

Conclusion
Melatonin deficiency impairs BAT response when exposed to acute cold exposure. These results can lead to future studies of the influence of melatonin on BAT, in animals and humans, without needing an invasive evaluation of BAT.
Dietary inflammatory index is associated with pain intensity and some components of quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Toopchizadeh Vahideh , Dolatkhah Neda , Aghamohammadi Dawood , Rasouli Mahrokh , Hashemian Maryam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe aim to measure dietary inflammatory index (DII) and its association with functional status, pain intensity and quality of life (QOL) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Dietary information from 220 qualified patients with KOA was collected by a 168-item food frequency questionnaire. The functional status, pain intensity and QOL were evaluated by Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and SF36 questionnaire respectively.ResultsLinear regression analysis showed that the DII was significantly associated with VAS (p = 0.040; β = 0.151), and physical function (p = 0.039; β = − 0.184), emotional wellbeing (p = 0.048; β = − 0.158) and pain (p = 0.020; β = 0.161) scales and physical health (p = 0.047; β = 0.110) subscale of QOL after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and physical activity. There was no significant differences concerning WOMAC across the DII tertiles with and without adjustment to probable confounders (Ptrend = 0.091 and 0.181, respectively). After adjustment, a significantly increased severe pain odds was observed in the highest tertile of DII score in comparison with the lowest tertile (OR tertile3 vs. 1 = 1.55, 95% CI 1.04–2.31; Ptrend = 0.04).
Comparison of Galdieria growth and photosynthetic activity in different culture systems
Authors: Carbone Dora Allegra , Olivieri Giuseppe , Pollio Antonino , Melkonian Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the last years, the acidothermophilic red microalga Galdieria sulphuraria has been increasingly studied for industrial applications such as wastewater treatment, recovery of rare earth elements, production of phycobilins. However, even now it is not possible an industrial cultivation of this organism because biotechnological research on G. sulphuraria and allied species is relatively recent and fragmented. Having in mind a possible scale-up for commercial applications, we have compared the growth and photosynthetic performance of G. sulphuraria in four suspended systems (Inclined bubble column, Decanter Laboratory Flask, Tubular Bioreactor, Ultra-flat plate bioreactor) and one immobilized system (Twin Layer Sytem). The results showed that G. sulphuraria had the highest growth, productivity and photosynthetic performance, when grown on the immobilized system, which also offers some economics advantages.
Superconvergence of a finite element method for the time-fractional diffusion equation with a time-space dependent diffusivity
Authors: An Na 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, a time-fractional diffusion problem with a time-space dependent diffusivity is considered. The solution of such a problem has a weak singularity at the initial time$t=0$t=0. Based on the L1 scheme in time on a graded mesh and the conforming finite element method in space on a uniform mesh, the fully discrete L1 conforming finite element method (L1 FEM) of a time-fractional diffusion problem is investigated. The error analysis is based on a nonstandard discrete Gronwall inequality. The final superconvergence result shows that an optimal grading of the temporal mesh should be selected as$r\geq (2-\alpha )/\alpha $r≥(2−α)/α. Numerical results confirm that our analysis is sharp.
Protective effect of procyanidin B2 on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage in MCF-7 cells
Authors: Tan Jia-qi , Li Peng-cheng , Li Qian , Tang Jin-tian , Xue Hong-kun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to assess the cytoprotection and potential molecular mechanisms of procyanidin B2 (PCB2) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage in MCF-7 cells. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to determine the viability of MCF-7 cell exposure to H2O2 or PCB2. We measured the antioxidant properties of PCB2 by determining the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, LDH and MDA levels, and evaluated apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The related proteins expression levels were monitored by Western blot. MCF-7 cells induced with H2O2 had a remarkable decrease in cell viability that was suppressed when it was interfered with PCB2 (0.1–10.0 μM). PCB2 interference memorably and dose-dependently inhibited H2O2-induced LDH leakage, ROS and MDA overproduction, while PCB2 markedly increased H2O2-induced the activities of SOD and GSH-Px. Eventually, H2O2 prominently down-regulated the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and the relative proteins expression levels of Nrf2, GCLC, NQO1 and HO-1, and up-regulated the relative proteins expression levels of cytochrome c, caspase-3 and Keap1. However, the relative expression levels of these proteins were reversed in PCB2-interfered MCF-7 cells. This study implied that protective effect of PCB2 on H2O2-induced oxidative damage in MCF-7 cells might be related to inhibition of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, activation of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and improvement of the antioxidant enzymes activities.
Co-designing the pedestrian revolution in Muscat
Authors: De Siqueira Gustavo , Al Balushi Amal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRapid growth coupled with the prevailing land allocation system in Oman led to a shift from compact dwellings typologies to detached single-family houses, arranged in monofunctional zoning systems that exclusively rely on cars. Due to the sprawled transformation, authorities are unable to provide new neighborhoods with basic infrastructure and attractive open spaces. Consequently, the level of non-communicable diseases is increasing, making urban regeneration programs promoting active lifestyles in built environments a matter of public health. In our research we explore participative-planning strategies to enhance pedestrian activity within existing neighborhoods and regenerate public spaces. We conducted a quantitative survey using a standard walkability scale and physical maps to identify barriers to pedestrian activity. Subsequently, we employed the data to frame culturally sensitive co-creation workshops, gaining in-depth knowledge to guide future redesign proposals. We found that mosques are walking magnets yet engender contrasting views with regard to walkability; finding solutions to the spatial problems could develop them into walkable cores. We also observed that residents were aware of health problems caused by lack of physical activity and how that links with the built environment they inhabit. They were eager to discuss solutions, including alternative governance models, as long as the process was short and produced immediate small interventions with high-level impact on their surroundings. We employed a fine-grained combination of methods to address site-specific challenges. Its quantitative data allows the insertion in a broader discourse and the linkage to a large body of research in walkability. Co-creation workshops, especially city games, proved to be a powerful tool to initiate dialogue on complex spatial negotiation, even in societies where participatory approaches do not have a well-established tradition.