bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Outbreak Investigation Among Persons Who Inject Drugs in Massachusetts Enhanced by HIV Sequence Data
Authors: Tumpney Matthew , John Betsey , Panneer Nivedha , McClung R Paul , Campbell Ellsworth M , Roosevelt Kathleen , DeMaria Alfred , Buchacz Kate , Switzer William M , Lyss Sheryl , Cranston Kevin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The Massachusetts Department of Public Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collaborated to characterize a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outbreak in northeastern Massachusetts and prevent further transmission. We determined the contributions of HIV sequence data to defining the outbreak.

Methods
Human immunodeficiency virus surveillance and partner services data were analyzed to understand social and molecular links within the outbreak. Cases were defined as HIV infections diagnosed during 2015–2018 among people who inject drugs with connections to northeastern Massachusetts or HIV infections among other persons named as partners of a case or whose HIV polymerase sequence linked to another case, regardless of diagnosis date or geography.

Results
Of 184 cases, 65 (35%) were first identified as part of the outbreak through molecular analysis. Twenty-nine cases outside of northeastern Massachusetts were molecularly linked to the outbreak. Large molecular clusters (75, 28, and 11 persons) were identified. Among 161 named partners, 106 had HIV; of those, 40 (38%) diagnoses occurred through partner services.

Conclusions
Human immunodeficiency virus sequence data increased the case count by 55% and expanded the geographic scope of the outbreak. Human immunodeficiency virus sequence and partner services data each identified cases that the other method would not have, maximizing prevention and care opportunities for HIV-infected persons and their partners.
Temporal Correlations of Skin and Blood Metabolites with Clinical Outcomes of Biologic Therapy in Psoriasis
Authors: Dutkiewicz Ewelina P , Hsieh Kai-Ta , Urban Pawel L , Chiu Hsien-Yi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease causing multisystem effects. Introduction of biologic drugs has led to promising results in treatment of this disease. Here, we carry out time-dependent profiling of psoriasis-related putative metabolic biomarkers.MethodsSkin excretion specimens were collected from 17 patients with psoriasis treated with biologics for 7 months. Blood specimens were obtained from the same patients at intervals of 1–3 months. A hydrogel micropatch sampling technique was implemented to collect lesional (L) and nonlesional (NL) skin specimens. The collected skin and blood specimens were analyzed by mass spectrometric methods.ResultsThe metabolites present on L skin—in particular, choline, and citrulline—showed greater dynamics, corresponding to the resolution of psoriasis than the metabolites present in NL skin or blood. Choline levels in L skin and blood correlated positively, while citrulline correlated negatively with the severity of individual psoriasis plaques and general disease severity, respectively. Nevertheless, the correlations between the metabolite levels in blood and general disease severity were weaker than those between the metabolite levels on L skin and severity of individual plaques. The changes of these skin metabolites were more prominent in the responders to the treatment than in the nonresponders.ConclusionsThe results support the feasibility of characterizing dynamic changes in psoriatic skin metabolic proﬁles with the hydrogel micropatch probes and mass spectrometric tests. The study represents one of few attempts to explore relationships between skin and blood metabolite concentrations. However, practical use of the methodology in close clinical monitoring is yet to be demonstrated.
Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of Aminexil, Pyridoxine, and Niacinamide in a Novel Cosmetic Hair Preparation
Authors: Rezk Mamdouh R , Essam Hebatallah M , Amer Enas A , Youssif Dina M S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Aminexil, a new compound patented by L’Oreal, has a stimulating effect on human keratin fibers. Pyridoxine HCl and niacinamide are added to boost the hair tonic effect of aminexil.

Objective
Two novel chromatographic methods were developed for the determination of aminexil (AX), niacinamide (NA) and pyridoxine HCl (PD) in the novel hair tonic preparation.

Methods
The developed methods were high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) with densitometric determination. Different experimental parameters were investigated and optimized to achieve complete baseline separation and well resolved peaks. The RP-HPLC separation was achieved using a Thermoscientific BDS hypersil C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column using 0.005 M hexane sulfonic acid: methanol (80: 20, v/v) as a mobile phase. For the TLC method, the three analytes were partitioned between propanol: toluene: ammonia solution (40:60:2, v/v/v) and fluorescent silica plates. The two methods were validated in compliance with International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The obtained data were statistically analyzed to confirm the existing results. The developed methods were successfully applied for determination of the studied drugs in pure forms and in the cosmetic preparation.

Results
For the HPLC method, the RSDs of AX, NA and PD were 0.70, 0.88 and 1.17 respectively. For the TLC method, the RSDs of AX, NA and PD were 1.06, 1.37 and 0.73 respectively.

Conclusions
The proposed chromatographic methods showed high sensitivity and selectivity for the three compounds under analysis in the laboratory prepared mixture and in the hair tonic preparation.

Highlights
Aminexil, Pyridoxine, Niacinamide, HPLC. The present work offers two reproducible, accurate, validated, time and cost saving alternatives for the quantitative and qualitative determination of medicated hair preparation.
Investigation of influence of growing pigs’ positive affective state on behavioral and physiological parameters using structural equation modeling
Authors: Krugmann Katja L , Mieloch Farina J , Krieter Joachim , Czycholl Irena 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate whether the primarily positive affective state of fattening pigs influences various behavioral and physiological parameters such as the pigs’ playing behavior, way of behaving in behavioral tests, body language signals, or diameter, and astroglia cell numbers of hippocampi, salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) content, or salivary protein composition. Additionally, the suitability of the variables mentioned was examined to assess the pigs’ positive affective state in practice, which still constitutes a latent variable not itself measurable. For this, a dataset including behavioral and physiological data of 60 fattening pigs from 3 different farms with different housing systems was analyzed by the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method. A hierarchical component model (HCM) was used including the pigs’ positive affective state as a higher-order component (HOC) and the behavioral and physiological parameters as lower-order components (LOC). Playing behavior, body language signals, and behavioral tests were revealed, in this order, to be most influenced by the pigs’ positive affective state since these resulted in the corresponding path coefficients (PC) of PC = 0.83, PC = 0.79, and PC = 0.62, respectively. Additionally moderate and weak R2-values occurred for the endogenous latent variables playing behavior (R2 = 69.8%), body language signals (R2 = 62.7%), and behavioral tests (R2 = 39.5%). Furthermore, the indicator of the “locomotor play” showed the highest indicator reliability (IR) (IR = 0.85) to estimate the latent variable of pigs’ positive affective state. The results of the present study supplement the comprehension and assessment of the pigs’ positive affective state in general.
Hypertrophic Scarring: Current Knowledge of Predisposing Factors, Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Nabai Layla , Pourghadiri Amir , Ghahary Aziz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHypertrophic scarring (HSc) is an age-old problem that still affects millions of people physically, psychologically, and economically. Despite advances in surgical techniques and wound care, prevention and treatment of HSc remains a challenge. Elucidation of factors involved in the development of this common fibroproliferative disorder is crucial for further progress in preventive and/or therapeutic measures. Our knowledge about pathophysiology of HSc at the cellular and molecular level has grown considerably in recent decades. In this article, current knowledge of predisposing factors and the cellular and molecular mechanisms of HSc has been reviewed.
Radiology’s Engagement with Transgender Breast Imaging: Review of Radiology Practice Websites and Publications
Authors: Huang Siu-Yuan , Zhang Meng , David Miriam 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
To assess engagement with transgender breast health among radiology investigators and providers, we analyzed: (1) trends in medical research regarding transgender breast health, and (2) breast imaging practices’ websites, for inclusion of the word transgender and mention of services specifically for transgender patients. We viewed the analyses of both research articles and general websites as two real-world measures of engagement among the professional community, in contrast to surveys whose responses rely on the compliance of recipients. A PubMed search performed for the text words transgender breast cancer, Lesbian-Gay-Bisexual-Transgender (LGBT) breast cancer, and transgender breast imaging. Our search yielded 48 unique relevant publications from 2010–2019. While research publications regarding transgender breast health have been become more numerous since 2015, it is still a relatively small field of study. Websites were analyzed for mention of transgender breast health needs and were reviewed for gender-neutral language and design. Of the 20 breast imaging centers listed as top choices by a national consumer group in 2019, none of their websites included the term transgender. Likewise, of the 21 centers in New York City and in San Francisco listed using the Google search engine, none included the term transgender. Despite its growing importance, issues related to transgender breast imaging are not well addressed in the radiology literature or in the radiology community, even though more transgender patients are presenting to breast centers for imaging. Radiologists need to be aware of imaging recommendations for these patients and display sensitivity to specific patient concerns.
Homogeneous–heterogeneous reaction mechanism on MHD carbon nanotube flow over a stretching cylinder with prescribed heat flux using differential transform method
Authors: Sankar Giri Shib , Das Kalidas , Kundu Prabir Kumar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHydromagnetic nanofluid flow through an incompressible stretching cylinder accompanying with homogeneous–heterogeneous chemical reaction has been executed in current literature. SWCNTs (single-walled carbon nanotubes) and MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) as nanoparticles in appearance of prescribed heat flux are accounted here. Leading equations of the assumed model have been normalized through similarity practice and succeeding equations resolved numerically by spending RK-4 shooting practice and analytically by engaging differential transform method. The impulse of promising flow constraints on the flow characteristic is finalized precisely through graphs and charts. We perceived that velocity outlines and temperature transmission are advanced in MWCNT than SWCNT in every case.
Worldwide Phylogeography of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Using Mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Ruiz-Arce Raul , Todd Terrance N , Deleon Rosita , Barr Norman B , Virgilio Massimiliano , De Meyer Marc , McPheron Bruce A 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Weidemann), is one of the most economically important tephritid species worldwide. It has spread across six geographic regions as a result of successful invasions and continues to cause substantial losses to agricultural communities. Our study examined 1,864 flies originating from 150 localities, using mitochondrial DNA sequencing methods. We tested for population structure and revealed the genetic diversity for 1,592 specimens gathered from 144 wild fly collections from 46 countries representing the entire geographic range for this species. We also include in this study 272 Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) specimens from four SIT facilities. We recovered 202 haplotypes from the current sampling and updated previously published work to reveal a total of 231 haplotypes for this pest. These data show population structure at and below the regional level for these collections, shedding light on the current demographics for this species. We observed four common haplotypes, seen among 62% of the samples sequenced that have worldwide distribution. Three haplotypes were seen in SIT flies, with one seen as the predominant haplotype. Our work showed that two of the haplotypes were private to SIT flies, not present among wild fly collections. However, a third haplotype common among wild fly collections was also seen in one SIT facility but at a low frequency based on the current sampling. We provide guidance on the interpretation of these methods for the source estimation of current and future infestations.
Local Ties that Bind? Exploring Noncombat Contact and Understandings of Military Duty in Afghanistan
Authors: Ekman Lisa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractContemporary “population-oriented” military intervention and the objectives of protecting, supporting, and fighting alongside host-nation authorities and populations pose new challenges to Western armed forces’ traditionally combat-oriented understanding of duty. The article argues that military personnel who engage in unarmed and nonthreatening interaction—noncombat contact—with host citizens are more likely to develop a stronger sense of duty—perceived obligations—toward the host-nation population. Interviews with US Army officers with experiences from Afghanistan show that noncombat contact with Afghan citizens led to increased willingness to safeguard the interests and well-being of the Afghan population and adapt the mission accordingly.
Mammary adenoid cystic carcinoma presenting with Ductal carcinoma in situ and axillary lymph node metastasis
Authors: Burusapat Chairat , Buarabporn Naphan , Wongchansom Kittisak , Chanapai Pongsit , Parinyanut Parinya , Supaporn Surapong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Mammary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is extremely rare tumors, comprising &lt;0.1% of all breast cancers. Moreover, lymph node metastasis is &lt;2% of mammary ACC. Here, we report a case of 51-year-old female presented with painful mass on her left breast and left axillary lymph node enlargement. Core needle biopsy revealed invasive ductal carcinoma. Left lumpectomy and axillary lymph nodes dissections were performed. The final pathological report showed triple-negative mammary ACC arising with high grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and axillary lymph node metastasis. Immunohistochemistry study is useful in confirming a diagnosis. Given the rarity of this cancer, natural history of disease is still not clearly understood. Complete surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment. To our best knowledge, mammary ACC presenting with DCIS and axillary lymph node metastasis has never been reported and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of breast cancers.
dynesty: a dynamic nested sampling package for estimating Bayesian posteriors and evidences
Authors: Speagle Joshua S 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We present dynesty, a public, open-source, python package to estimate Bayesian posteriors and evidences (marginal likelihoods) using the dynamic nested sampling methods developed by Higson et al. By adaptively allocating samples based on posterior structure, dynamic nested sampling has the benefits of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms that focus exclusively on posterior estimation while retaining nested sampling’s ability to estimate evidences and sample from complex, multimodal distributions. We provide an overview of nested sampling, its extension to dynamic nested sampling, the algorithmic challenges involved, and the various approaches taken to solve them in this and previous work. We then examine dynesty’s performance on a variety of toy problems along with several astronomical applications. We find in particular problems dynesty can provide substantial improvements in sampling efficiency compared to popular MCMC approaches in the astronomical literature. More detailed statistical results related to nested sampling are also included in the appendix.
On the use of the first-order moment approach for measurements of Heff from LSD profiles
Authors: Ramírez Vélez J C 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
The big majority of the reported measurements of the stellar magnetic fields that have analysed spectropolarimetric data have employed the least-squares deconvolution method (LSD) and the first-order moment approach. We present a series of numerical tests in which we review some important aspects of this technique. First, we show that the selection of the profile widths, i.e. integration range in the first-order moment equation, is independent of the accuracy of the magnetic measurements, meaning that for any arbitrary profile width it is always possible to properly determine the longitudinal magnetic field. We also study the interplay between the line depth limit adopted in the line mask and the normalization values of the LSD profiles. We finally show that the rotation of the stars has to be considered to correctly infer the intensity of the magnetic field, something that has been neglected up to now. We show that the latter consideration is crucial, and our test shows that the magnetic intensities differ by a factor close to 3 for a moderate fast rotator star with vsini of 50 ${\rm km\, s^{-1}}$. Therefore, it is expected that in general the stellar magnetic fields reported for fast rotators are stronger than what was believed. All the previous results shows that the first-order moment can be a very robust tool for measurements of magnetic fields, provided that the weak magnetic field approximation is secured. We also show that when the magnetic field regime breaks down, the use of the first-order moment method becomes uncertain.
Extensive Shifts from Cis- to Trans-splicing of Gymnosperm Mitochondrial Introns
Authors: Guo Wenhu , Zhu Andan , Fan Weishu , Adams Robert P , Mower Jeffrey P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Hundreds of plant mitogenomes have been sequenced from angiosperms, but relatively few mitogenomes are available from its sister lineage, gymnosperms. To examine mitogenomic diversity among extant gymnosperms, we generated draft mitogenomes from 11 diverse species and compared them with four previously published mitogenomes. Examined mitogenomes from Pinaceae and cycads retained all 41 protein genes and 26 introns present in the common ancestor of seed plants, whereas gnetophyte and cupressophyte mitogenomes experienced extensive gene and intron loss. In Pinaceae and cupressophyte mitogenomes, an unprecedented number of exons are distantly dispersed, requiring trans-splicing of 50–70% of mitochondrial introns to generate mature transcripts. RNAseq data confirm trans-splicing of these dispersed exons in Pinus. The prevalence of trans-splicing in vascular plant lineages with recombinogenic mitogenomes suggests that genomic rearrangement is the primary cause of shifts from cis- to trans-splicing in plant mitochondria.
A genetic analysis reveals novel histone residues required for transcriptional reprogramming upon stress
Authors: Viéitez Cristina , Martínez-Cebrián Gerard , Solé Carme , Böttcher René , Potel Clement M , Savitski Mikhail M , Onnebo Sara , Fabregat Marc , Shilatifard Ali , Posas Francesc , de Nadal Eulàlia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cells have the ability to sense, respond and adapt to environmental fluctuations. Stress causes a massive reorganization of the transcriptional program. Many examples of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been associated with transcriptional activation or repression under steady-state growth conditions. Comparatively less is known about the role of histone PTMs in the cellular adaptive response to stress. Here, we performed high-throughput genetic screenings that provide a novel global map of the histone residues required for transcriptional reprogramming in response to heat and osmotic stress. Of note, we observed that the histone residues needed depend on the type of gene and/or stress, thereby suggesting a ‘personalized’, rather than general, subset of histone requirements for each chromatin context. In addition, we identified a number of new residues that unexpectedly serve to regulate transcription. As a proof of concept, we characterized the function of the histone residues H4-S47 and H4-T30 in response to osmotic and heat stress, respectively. Our results uncover novel roles for the kinases Cla4 and Ste20, yeast homologs of the mammalian PAK2 family, and the Ste11 MAPK as regulators of H4-S47 and H4-T30, respectively. This study provides new insights into the role of histone residues in transcriptional regulation under stress conditions.
Retrosigmoid Clip Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K , Spetzler Robert F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aneurysms of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) are rare and require a considerate approach to facilitate successful and safe clipping. Surgical approaches vary and are dependent on the relation of the aneurysm to the internal acoustic meatus. An anterior approach should be considered for lesions medial to the meatus. Lesions adjacent to the meatus can be approached via a retrosigmoid or translabyrinthine approach. Lesions lateral to the meatus can be approached via a retrosigmoid or far lateral approach. This patient had a previously ruptured AICA aneurysm in the meatal region for which a retrosigmoid approach was selected. The approach involved locating the AICA distally and tracking it proximally to the origin off the basilar artery. A clip was applied across the aneurysm neck to facilitate occlusion while preserving parent vessel flow. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
Shell model results for nuclear β−-decay properties of sd-shell nuclei
Authors: Kumar Anil , Srivastava Praveen C , Suzuki Toshio 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We evaluate the allowed $\beta^-$-decay properties of nuclei with $Z = 8$–$15$ systematically under the framework of the nuclear shell model using the valence space Hamiltonians derived from modern ab initio methods, such as in-medium similarity renormalization group and coupled-cluster theory. For comparison we also show results obtained with fitted interaction derived from chiral effective field theory and phenomenological universal $sd$-shell Hamiltonian version B interaction. We have performed calculations for O $\rightarrow$ F, F $\rightarrow$ Ne, Ne $\rightarrow$ Na, Na $\rightarrow$ Mg, Mg $\rightarrow$ Al, Al $\rightarrow$ Si, Si $\rightarrow$ P, and P $\rightarrow$ S transitions. Theoretical results for $B(GT)$, $\log ft$ values, and half-lives are discussed and compared with the available experimental data.