bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Drug Interactions between Recombinant Interleukin-2 and Direct Oral Anticoagulants: Indirect Evidence from In Vivo Animal Studies
Authors: Mahmoudpour Seyed Hamidreza , Valerio Luca , Douxfils Jonathan , Mahan Charles E. , Jankowski Marius , Quitzau Kurt , Konstantinides Stavros V. , Barco Stefano 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) is indicated for metastatic renal cell carcinoma and melanoma. Over recent years low-dose rIL-2 has been studied for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and acute coronary syndrome because of its ability to expand and activate T regulatory (Treg) cells. However, several medical conditions potentially benefiting from rIL-2 administrations are characterized by an intrinsic prothrombotic risk, thus requiring concurrent anticoagulation. In our systematic review of the literature, we investigated the potential for drug interactions between oral anticoagulants and rIL-2 by assessing the influence of rIL-2 administration on transporters and cytochromes determining the pharmacokinetics of (direct) oral anticoagulants. We extracted data from 12 studies, consisting of 11 animal studies and one study in humans. Eight studies investigated the pharmacokinetics of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates and reported that the intraperitoneal rIL-2 administration may inhibit intestinal P-gp. Four studies on hepatic cytochrome P450 yielded conflicting results. The only human study included in this systematic review concluded that rIL-2 suppresses the hepatic cytochrome P450, but only if given at higher doses. Based on the results from animal studies, the co-administration of rIL-2 and dabigatran etexilate, a substrate of intestinal P-gp, may lead to higher dabigatran plasma concentrations and bioavailability. Human studies should confirm whether this potential interaction is clinically relevant.
Cost and Value of Routine Histopathologic Analysis after Adenoidectomy and Tonsillectomy
Authors: Hackenberg Berit , Pölzl Magdalena , Matthias Christoph , Künzel Julian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are common procedures. Most surgeries in children and young adults are recommended due to recurring infections or obstructive constraints. However, occult malignant findings are reported in the literature. The clinical guidelines still refrain from recommending routine histopathologic analyses when discussing these procedures.
Objective The present study aims to define the value of a routine histopathologic analysis after tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy and tonsillotomy.
Methods We conducted a prospective survey including all German ear, nose and throat (ENT) departments, asking physicians about their current clinical practice and opinion. Furthermore, we reviewed all patients attending our department for tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy/tonsillotomy or a combination of these procedures between 2011 and 2016. In addition to this, a cost analysis was conducted to assess the financial burden of a routine histopathologic analysis.
Results Most German ENT departments perform a routine histopathologic analysis after tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy/tonsillotomy. Despite this, only a minority deemed this approach necessary. Our retrospective review of the histopathologic analysis after tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy/tonsillotomy in our department rendered a cohort size of 2,157 patients. Within this group, there were no occult malignant findings. We found a yearly burden of 2,509,401€ for routine histopathologic analyses in patients under the age of 15 years in Germany in 2016.
Conclusion We found a divergence between the physicians opinions and their current clinical practice concerning the question of whether to conduct routine histopathologic analyses. Even though there was no occult malignant finding in our cohort, unsuspected malignant findings are reported in the literature. Therefore, we call for a discussion on clinical practice guidelines.
Nasal Mucociliary Clearance in Smokers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Prasetyo Awal , Sadhana Udadi , Budiman Jethro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction Smoking is one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity in the world, as it is related to the risk factor and etiology of respiratory-tract diseases. Long-term smoking causes both structural and functional damage in the respiratory airways, leading to changes in nasal mucociliary clearance (NMC).
Objectives The aim of the present study was to look systematically into the current literature and carefully collect and analyze results to explore NMC in smokers.
Data Synthesis Two independent reviewers conducted a literature search on some Electronic database: Pubmed, Medline, Ebsco, Springer Link, Science Direct, Scopus, and Proquest searching for articles fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The lead author independently assessed the risk of bias of each of the included studies and discussed their assessments with the other two authors to achieve consensus. Of the 1,654 articles identified in the database search, 16 met the criteria for this review. Most of the articles (15 out of 16) showed the impairment of NMC in smokers.
Conclusion The present systematic review suggests that there is an impairment of NMC in smokers. The impairment is not only observed in cigarette smoking, but also in passive smoking, bidi smoking, electronic smoking, and hookah smoking. The impairment of NMC in chronic exposure to smoking is caused by the ciliotoxic effect, hypersecretion and viscoelastic change of mucous, airway surface liquid depletion, increased oxidative stress, and deteriorations in the inflammatory and immune systems.
Revisando un órgano olvidado: Evaluación del timo en PET-CT
Authors: Hasson Daniel , Schiappacasse Giancarlo , Alegría Julia , Silva Claudio 
Published: April 2020

ResumenLa pesquisa incidental de lesiones tímicas ha aumentado. Una adecuada aproximación a esas lesiones en la tomografía computada por emisión de positrones (PET-CT) es fundamental, pues se usa como parte de la mayoría de los procedimientos de planificación oncológica. Se han seleccionado casos representativos respecto de los aspectos más importantes de las imágenes de timo en PET-CT y cómo esa técnica puede contribuir a un diagnóstico preciso o a la planificación del tratamiento. Específicamente, presentamos una descripción general de las lesiones tímicas comunes y los imitadores de enfermedad, con énfasis en los hallazgos en PET-CT, incorporando también ejemplos de resonancia magnética (RM).
EFFECTIVENESS OF INTRA OPERATIVE HAND HOLDING ON ANXIETY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING CATARACT SURGERY
Authors: S. Anuja B. , Devi Elsa Sanatombi , Sequira Leena , Rao Lavanya , H. Vijaya Pai 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:
Introduction: Patients who are undergoing cataract surgery under local anaesthesia may be more stressed than those having general anaesthesia as they are awake during the surgical procedure. Therefore, psychological comfort in the preoperative phase and compliance during operation are very important for postoperative prognosis. This study explored the pre operative anxiety level of patients undergoing cataract surgery and the effectiveness of intra operative hand holding on anxiety and its related physiological parameters.
Methods: A quasi experimental pre-test post-test control group design was used to collect data from a purposive sample of 54 patients who were underwent cataract surgery at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal.
Results: Most of the patients in the experimental group perceived intra operative hand holding as a measure to reduce their anxiety even though there was no significant statistical difference in the immediate post operative anxiety score between the groups. It was also found that hand holding was effective in reducing blood pressure and heart rate except the respiratory rate of patients undergoing cataract surgery.
Conclusion: The following conclusions were drawn on the basis of the findings of the present study that is, Intra operative hand holding was effective in reducing the physiological parameters such as heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Also most of the patients perceived intra operative hand holding as beneficial in relieving anxiety.
A STUDY ON OCCURRENCE OF SOCIAL ANXIETY AMONG NURSING STUDENTS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH PROFESSIONAL ADJUSTMENT IN SELECTED NURSING INSTITUTIONS AT MANGALORE
Authors: R. Reghuram , Mathias Jesveena 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:The concept of social fear dates back as early as 400 B.C. Anxiety is a normal human response to stress. This study, conducted in selected nursing institutions of Mangalore, assessed the Social Anxiety and correlated it with Professional adjustment among nursing students. The tools used in the study were Social anxiety scale and a rating scale measuring Professional adjustment. 1000 students were selected by purposive sampling. The study findings revealed that 274(27.4%) of subjects have moderate social anxiety and 768(76.8%) having average professional adjustment. There was no significant correlation between social anxiety and professional adjustment. But, there was significant association between social anxiety and selected variables like gender and year of study.
KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES OF POSTNATAL MOTHERS ON NEWBORN CARE IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF UDUPI DISTRICT
Authors: F. Castalino , S. Nayak B. , A. D'Souza 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:A descriptive correlational survey to assess knowledge and practice of postnatal mothers on newborn care was carried out among 30 mothers using valid, reliable, structured knowledge and practice questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 16. The findings of the study showed that most of the sample 24(80%) were in the age group 21-30 years, most of them 16(53.3%) were primipara, 15(50%) had normal vaginal delivery and 15 (50%) had LSCS. Majority of the sample 25 (83.3%) belonged to Hindu religion, most of them 19 (63.3%) belonged to joint family, most the samples 17 (56.7%) lived in a rural area, majority of the mothers 17 (56.7%) were housewives. Majority of the new- borns, 24 (80%) were above 37 weeks of gestation, most of the new born 21(70%) were below 6 days of age, majority of the new born 19(63.3%) were male, majority of newborn 16(53.3%) were above 3000 grams of birth weight. Majority 23 (76.7%) of mothers had good knowledge on new-born care. Most of 16 (53.33%) of mothers had excellent practice on newborn care. Relationship between knowledge and practice score of the mother was not statistically significant at 0.05 level (r=0.276, p=0.140). The education of the mothers (x2(df) =11.642(3), p=0.009) had significant association with the knowledge of the mother regarding new-born care. Keeping in mind the findings of the study it is recommended that an educational programme regarding newborn care can be organized to the antenatal and postnatal mothers
EFFECTIVENESS OF A LIFESTYLE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM ON KNOWLEDGE AND LIFESTYLE PRACTICES AMONG ADOLESCENTS
Authors: S. Elstin Mary , D'souza Anjalin , Roach Erna Judith 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:Increasing incidence of lifestyle disorders among Indians are largely attributed by unhealthy lifestyle practices like poor dietary pattern, inadequate physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and stress. Lifestyle modification programs are proved effective in behaviour modification and promotion of healthy lifestyle practices among adolescents. A school based interventional study was conducted among adolescents with the objective determine the effectiveness of the lifestyle management program in terms of gain in knowledge on lifestyle disorders and change in self-reported lifestyle practices. The study was conducted in two phases. Initially, a baseline data on the lifestyle practices and knowledge on lifestyle disorders was obtained from the adolescents, which was utilized to select the adolescents with poor and average knowledge and unhealthy practices for whom the intervention was implemented. Changes in lifestyle disorder related knowledge and lifestyle practices were tested using a structured knowledge questionnaire and lifestyle assessment scale. After two weeks of the intervention, a post-test was carried out and a significant improvement in knowledge (Z= 12.39, P = 0.001) and lifestyle practice (Z= 5.52, P = 0.001) were identified. The educational package for lifestyle modification was successful in improving the knowledge on lifestyle diseases and lifestyle practices among adolescents and thereby in prevention of lifestyle disorders.
Consecutive Use of the 52 mg Levonorgestrel-releasing Intrauterine System: Variations in Bleeding Patterns
Authors: Wittmann Barbara Zantut , Monteiro Ilza , Juliato Cássia , Fernandes Arlete 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective Changes in bleeding patterns could influence the decisions of healthcare professionals to change the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) before 7 years of use, the recommended period of extended use. We evaluated changes in the bleeding patterns of users of the 52 mg LNG-IUS at the end of use of the first (IUS-1) and during the second device (IUS-2) use.
Methods We performed an audit of the medical records of all women who used two consecutive LNG-IUSs at the Family Planning clinic. We evaluated the sociodemographic/gynecological variables, the length of use, and the bleeding patterns reported in the reference periods of 90 days before removal of the IUS-1 and at the last return in use of IUS-2. We used the McNemar test to compare bleeding patterns. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.05.
Results We evaluated 301 women aged (mean ± SD) 32 (±6.1) years, with lengths of use of 68.9 (±16.8) and 20.3 (±16.7) months for the IUS-1 and IUS-2, respectively. No pregnancies were reported. Bleeding patterns varied significantly among women who used the IUS-2 for ≥ 7 months to 6 years when compared the bleeding patterns reported in IUS-1 use. Eighty-nine out of 221 (40%) women maintained amenorrhea and infrequent bleeding; 66 (30%) evolved to bleeding patterns with light flow, and 66 (30%) maintained or evolved to heavy flow patterns (p = 0.012). No differences were observed among the 80 women with ≤ 6 months of use.
Conclusion Changes in bleeding patterns occur during the use of LNG-IUS and should not be decisive for the early replacement of the device.
Effect of Tinnitus Habituation Therapy on Auditory Abilities
Authors: Burle Najlla Lopes de O. , Resende Luciana Macedo de , Alves Luciana Mendonça , Garcia Vinícius Soares , Mancini Patricia Cotta 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction Research with tinnitus patients presenting with hearing loss and normal hearing subjects have verified that tinnitus interferes with auditory processing. One treatment option for this symptom consists of tinnitus habituation therapy.
Objective To determine the influence of tinnitus habituation therapy on auditory abilities, on the self-perception of tinnitus regarding loudness and discomfort, and its impact on the quality of life.
Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 19 individuals with tinnitus. Audiological tinnitus and auditory processing evaluations were performed. Subsequently, the volunteers underwent tinnitus habituation therapy for 6 months. Ultimately, all of the individuals were reevaluated.
Results A statistically significant reduction in tinnitus self-perception was observed in relation to loudness, discomfort, and its impact on the quality of life (p = 0.001, 0.001, 0.023, respectively). However, the influence of tinnitus habituation therapy on auditory abilities was not verified.
Conclusion Tinnitus habituation therapy was effective in reducing the self-perception of tinnitus loudness and discomfort, as well as the impact of the symptom on the quality of life. However, these factors did not improve the auditory processing skills in tinnitus patients.
Evaluation of Auditory Stream Segregation in Musicians and Nonmusicians
Authors: Johnson Naina , Shiju Annika Mariam , Parmar Adya , Prabhu Prashanth 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction One of the major cues that help in auditory stream segregation is spectral profiling. Musicians are trained to perceive a fine structural variation in the acoustic stimuli and have enhanced temporal perception and speech perception in noise.
Objective To analyze the differences in spectral profile thresholds in musicians and nonmusicians.
Methods The spectral profile analysis threshold was compared between 2 groups (musicians and nonmusicians) in the age range between 15 and 30 years old. The stimuli had 5 harmonics, all at the same amplitude (f0 = 330 Hz, mi4). The third (variable tone) has a similar harmonic structure; however, the amplitude of the third harmonic component was higher, producing a different timbre in comparison with the standards. The subject had to identify the odd timbre tone. The testing was performed at 60 dB HL in a sound-treated room.
Results The results of the study showed that the profile analysis thresholds were significantly better in musicians compared with nonmusicians. The result of the study also showed that the profile analysis thresholds were better with an increase in the duration of music training. Thus, improved auditory processing in musicians could have resulted in a better profile analysis threshold.
Conclusions Auditory stream segregation was found to be better in musicians compared with nonmusicians, and the performance improved with an increase in several years of training. However, further studies are essential on a larger group with more variables for validation of the results.
Pubic Arch Angle Measurement by Transperineal Ultrasonography: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Carvalho Neto Raimundo Homero , Viana Junior Antonio Brazil , Moron Antonio Fernandes , Araujo Júnior Edward , Carvalho Francisco Herlânio Costa , Feitosa Helvécio Neves 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the ability of the pubic arch angle (PAA) as measured by transperineal ultrasonography during labor to predict the delivery type and cephalic pole disengagement mode.
Methods The present prospective cross-sectional study included 221 women in singleton-gestational labor ≥ 37 weeks with cephalic fetuses who underwent PAA measurement using transperineal ultrasonography. These measurements were correlated with the delivery type, cephalic pole disengagement mode, and fetal and maternal characteristics.
Results Out of the subjects, 153 (69.2%) had spontaneous vaginal delivery, 7 (3.2%) gave birth by forceps, and 61 (27.6%) delivered by cesarean section. For the analysis, deliveries were divided into two groups: vaginal and surgical (forceps and cesarean). The mean PAA was 102 ± 7.5° (range, 79.3–117.7°). No statistically significant difference was observed in delivery type (102.6 ± 7.2° versus 100.8 ± 7.9°, p = 0.105). The occipitoanterior position was seen in 94.1% of the fetuses and the occipitoposterior position in 5.8%. A narrower PAA was found in the group of surgical deliveries (97.9 ± 9.6° versus 102.6 ± 7.3°, p = 0.049). Multivariate regression analysis showed that PAA was a predictive variable for the occurrence of head disengagement in occipital varieties after birth (odds ratio, 0.9; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–0.99; p = 0.026).
Conclusion Ultrasonographic measurement of the PAA was not a predictor of delivery type, but was associated with the persistence of occipital varieties after birth.
Sprache der Nähe vs. Sprache der
Distanz and the nineteenth century codification of
Modern Czech
Authors: Fidlerová Alena A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper examines the conceptual clashes between two
approaches to the standardisation of modern Czech during the Czech
National Revival. It reconstructs conceptual differences between the
partially usage-based approach of František Jan Tomsa and the
historical approach of Josef Dobrovský and František Martin Pelcl.
By pointing out their explicit and implicit arguments and with the
help of the concept of Sprache der Nähe [language
of immediacy] and Sprache der Distanz [language of
distance] developed by Koch and Oesterreicher, it proposes an
explanation for these differences, for the rejection of the
usage-based model by the next generation and for its attractiveness
to future generations.
Exploring fabrication methods to highly sensitive and selective InP nanowire biosensors
Authors: Zavarize Mariana , Martins Murilo N. , von Zuben Antonio A.G. , Koledov Victor , Gratowski Svetlana von , Cotta Mônica A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Fabrication methodologies for integration of nano-objects into microscale devices is still an active area of research. Here we analyze possible methods of incorporation of semiconductor nanowires into lithographically-defined electrode pads. Mechanically-transferred InP nanowires were metallized into Au and Pt pads using a electron-beam-induced Pt metallization. Atomic and Kelvin Probe Force Microscopies show that a contamination of Pt on the nanowire and the region around it can prevent application of this technique to biosensors in which surface functionalization protocols must be applied as part of the fabrication methodology. Other transfer methods with more controlled nanowire positioning, such as nanotweezers, may be necessary to overcome this problem.
Strong coupling of excitons in 2D MoSe2/hBN heterostructure with optical bound states in the continuum
Authors: Benimetskiy F. A. , Kravtsov V. , Khestanova E. , Mukhin I. S. , Sinev I. S. , Samusev A. K. , Shelykh I. A. , Krizhanovskii D. N. , Skolnick M. S. , Iorsh I. V. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate strong exciton-photon coupling in a MoSe2/hBN heterostructure interfaced with an all-dielectric metasurface supporting high-Q bound states in the continuum. The resulting exciton-polaritons are probed by means of temperature- and angle-resolved reflectivity and photoluminescence. Our findings pave the way towards new-generation nonlinear planar polaritonic devices.
Immobilization and plasmon-enhanced fluorescence of EGFP on Al nanohole arrays
Authors: Bochenkov V E , Shakhov A M , Astafiev A A , Timoshenko V A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein has been covalently immobilized on thin perforated Al films with short-order nanohole arrays using (3-Glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane and native aluminum oxide layer. The nanoholes’ diameter varied in range 60–120 nm, allowing to tune the surface plasmon resonance frequency. The fluorescence intensity enhancement up to factor 2.75 for the nanohole arrays with the largest overlap between EGFP fluorescence band and surface plasmon resonance.
Adaptive mesh for computation of electromagnetic wave propagation through high refractive index dielectric structures
Authors: Dombrovskaya Zh O , Belov A A , Govorukhin V A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We consider spatial step selection for finite-difference solution of Maxwell’s curl equations in presence of dielectric interfaces. If the contrast of the refractive indices is high, the wave number in optically thick medium decreases greatly and the fields oscillate fast. To improve accuracy, we propose a special quasi-uniform mesh which provides fine enough meshes in the vicinity of the interface and does not impose abundant computations in optically thin medium. The fundamental advantage of quasi-unform meshes in finite-difference is the possibility to obtain the solution simultaneously with its error value. We describe the corresponding procedure.