bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Care planning and nonpharmacological interventions in a metropolitan inpatient dual diagnosis service: A retrospective exploratory study
Authors: MacLeay Euan , Fry Margaret , Roche Michael Anthony , Montilla Tim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn Australia, the terms dual diagnosis and comorbidity are commonly used, often interchangeably, to describe the experience of consumers with both mental health difficulties and difficulties with alcohol and other drug use. Consumers with comorbidity often have complex needs that require comprehensive assessment, multidisciplinary team support, and trauma‐focused management. More information about the demographics of consumers admitted with comorbidity, and the documented assessed needs, care, and interventions provided, would provide the foundations for working towards improved quality and continuity of care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the documentation of inpatient assessment, care, and interventions provided to people with comorbidity. The research design was a retrospective exploratory study, and data collection involved a 12‐month healthcare record audit. Forty‐one records were screened, and 36 consumer healthcare records were identified as eligible for inclusion in the study. Most consumers (n = 34, 94%) were admitted on an involuntary basis, and 8 (22.2%) were female. Consumers had a median length of stay of almost six months. In most healthcare records, there was no documented evidence of care planning involvement by consumers or the multidisciplinary team. There was great variance in the delivery of nonpharmacological interventions. Most consumers did not receive trauma‐focused assessment or intervention, and assessment tools were often incomplete with outcome measures poorly documented. This study has demonstrated significant gaps in consumer and multidisciplinary engagement with care planning and goal setting. There was poor documentation of comprehensive assessment and nonpharmacological interventions.
Implementing a Psychiatric Behaviours of Concern emergency team in an acute inpatient psychiatry unit: Staff perspectives
Authors: Digby Robin , Bushell Hannah , Bucknall Tracey K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBehaviours of concern including aggression are widespread in mental health inpatient settings. Restrictive interventions such as restraint and seclusion can cause additional trauma to already traumatized patients. To decrease use of these interventions in an acute psychiatric unit in Melbourne, Australia, a Psychiatric Behaviours of Concern (Psy‐BOC) response team was introduced. In a Psy‐BOC call, senior medical, nursing, and allied health staff respond to escalating behavioural situations to work with the primary treating team to implement clinical interventions of least restrictive practice. Here, we present qualitative findings reporting staff response to Psy‐BOC. The study complied with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ). Twenty‐four staff participated in five focus groups. Four themes were identified: Identifying behavioural deterioration, responding to behaviours of concern, staff reactions, and barriers. Although staff were skilled in recognizing and de‐escalating behaviours of concern, patients were secluded when heightened risk was perceived. The adoption of Psy‐BOC was met with some resistance to the cultural change required to adopt this new model. Increased awareness, early identification of behaviours of concern, and pressure from management resulted in reductions in restrictive interventions. Management of patients with drug‐induced psychosis without restraint presented specific difficulties. The ward setting was challenging, offering no break‐out spaces for patients, and few comfortable areas. Some staff appreciated the advice and expertise of the Psy‐Boc team, others felt disempowered and undermined. Improving leadership, staff education, support and collaboration, and including frontline staff in refining the process could enhance the Psy‐BOC response and increase safety for all.
Association between nutritional status and early childhood caries risk profile in a suburban Nigeria community
Authors: Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Oginni Ayodeji Babatunde , El Tantawi Maha , Alade Micheal , Adeniyi Abiola A. , Finlayson Tracy L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is associated with oral health problems.AimTo determine the association between malnutrition (undernourished and over‐nourished) and early childhood caries (ECC) in a suburban population in Nigeria.DesignData were extracted from a database of a household survey of 1549 under 6‐year‐old children. Explanatory variables were nutritional status (normal, undernourished [wasted, stunted and underweight], or over‐nourished). The outcome measure was the prevalence of ECC. Children's sociodemographic characteristics (socio‐economic status, sex, age) and caries‐risk variables (frequency of sugar consumption in‐between‐meals, oral hygiene status) were the confounders. Association between ECC and malnutrition was determined using the Poisson regression analysis. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ .05.ResultsAbout one‐third (31.4%) of children had expected height/weight for age; 848 (54.7%) were undernourished; and 215 (13.9%) were over‐nourished. Nutritional status was not significantly associated with the prevalence of ECC. Children who consumed sugar in‐between‐meals three or more times a day were twice as likely to have ECC as were those who consumed sugar less often in‐between‐meals (APR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.30‐3.81; P = .003). Children 3‐5 years old were more likely to have ECC than were those 0‐2 years old (APR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.10‐5.22; P = .03).ConclusionsECC was not associated with undernourished and over‐nourished in a suburban population in Nigeria.
Relationship between preterm birth and developmental defects of enamel: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bensi Caterina , Costacurta Micaela , Belli Stefano , Paradiso Daniele , Docimo Raffaella 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundA putative relationship between preterm birth and developmental defects of enamel (DDE) has been described in the literature. Although systematic reviews have found preterm birth may lead to DDE, the effect size has not been quantified.AimThe aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to determine the association between preterm birth and DDE.DesignAn electronic search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies. Two independent reviewers selected the studies in a two‐stage process in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The risk of bias was also analysed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale criteria.ResultsA total of 1041 publications were considered after an electronic search, 20 of which were included in the systematic review. Of these 20 publications, 18 articles were included in a meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis detected an increased risk of developing DDE in preterm children [OR: 3.27 (95% CI 2.02, 5.30; P < .001)], with a greater risk in the primary dentition. In addition to this, a subgroup analysis showed a greater risk in the development of hypoplasia in preterm children.ConclusionsThe results of this meta‐analysis showed a three times increased risk of developing DDE in preterm children.
Water availability affects nectar sugar production and insect visitation of the cup plant Silphium perfoliatum L. (Asteraceae)
Authors: Mueller Anna Lena , Berger Christian A. , Schittenhelm Siegfried , Stever‐Schoo Burkhard , Dauber Jens 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe perennial cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) is considered as an alternative feedstock to maize for biogas plants. Due to its ecological advantages of an extensive management and function as food resource for pollinators, it can be grown in Ecological Focus Areas (EFAs) since 2018. However, studies at the Julius Kühn‐Institute in Braunschweig (Germany) showed that the assumed advantage of the cup plant of a high drought tolerance could not be confirmed regarding aspects of crop production and yield. We complemented this experiment by assessing how different soil moisture conditions affect the production of floral resources and insect visitation. In 2014, we sampled three irrigated and three rainfed plots of the cup plant. We quantified the nectar volume and sugar mass per inflorescence, the number of inflorescences per plant and calculated the total nectar sugar production. We further counted insect visitation on the inflorescences. Due to reduced numbers of inflorescences per plant and an earlier harvest, the estimated nectar sugar production was 58 kg/ha regarding irrigated and 20 kg/ha regarding rainfed plots. Honeybee visitation per inflorescence was about twice as high in the irrigated plots. Furthermore, the early harvest is a disadvantage for wild pollinators with a late activity period.
The moderating role of spirituality on quality of life and depression among adolescents with spina bifida
Authors: Taha Asma A. , Eisen Aaron M. , Abdul‐Rahman Hana Q. , Zouros Alexander , Norman Sharon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the relationships between spirituality, somatic symptom distress/severity, depressive symptoms and quality of life (QOL) for adolescents diagnosed with spina bifida (SB).DesignExploratory, cross‐sectional design.MethodsFifty‐eight adolescents with SB in southern California were recruited during routine visits to a multidisciplinary clinic at a healthcare university from January 2016–January 2017. Each adolescent completed a series of self‐report measures, including the System of Belief Inventory, Somatic Symptom Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Path analysis was performed to examine regression coefficients for each direct and indirect effect.ResultsThe mediation–moderation analysis showed that depressive symptoms fully mediated the relationship between symptom distress and QOL (B = 0.029 [0.014], CI [0.007, 0.061]) and higher levels of spirituality moderated the relationship between depressive symptoms and QOL (B = 0.052, p = .018). Spirituality was higher for adolescents with greater symptom severity; including shunt status Welch's F(1, 53.689) = 4.174, p = .046, level of lesion F(2,57) = 3.382, p = .041, and ambulation status F(3, 57) = 2.920, p = .042.ConclusionAdolescents with SB who had greater levels of symptom distress experienced significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms and a lower QOL. Contrary to our expectations, adolescents with greater levels of spirituality had a lower QOL when depressive symptoms were mild/moderate, but no differences were noted when depressive symptoms were severe.ImpactThis study examined the relationship between spirituality and quality of life (QOL) in adolescents with spina bifida, who were experiencing different levels of depressive symptoms and symptom distress/severity. Depressive symptoms appeared to have a more profound effect on QOL than spirituality. Accordingly, we recommend that healthcare professionals actively screen for depressive symptoms when assessing these adolescents and their physical symptoms/distress levels.
Digital collaborative learning in elementary and middle schools as a function of individualistic and collectivistic culture: The role of ICT coordinators' leadership experience, students' collaboration skills, and sustainability
Authors: Blau Ina , Shamir‐Inbal Tamar , Hadad Shlomit 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the influence of online collaborative learning experiences on students' digital collaboration skills and on the sustainability of e‐collaboration in schools' culture—comparing individualistic versus collectivistic cultures. In addition, we explored how the leadership experience of schools' ICT coordinators was predicted by their sense of professionalism and cognitive, emotional and social aspects of perceived learning (PL), while leading the collaborative projects. The participants were ICT coordinators from 513 Israeli schools; 214 of whom were Hebrew‐speakers, and 299 Arabic‐speakers. The participants were asked to complete an online questionnaire, which included multiple‐choice and open‐ended questions. The results showed significant differences between a variety of the coordinator‐related variables as a function of learning culture (more individualistic vs.more collectivistic). Coordinators' leadership experience was a powerful predictor of students' digital collaboration skills, but did not predict the sustainability of e‐collaboration. Coordinators' emotional PL predicted the sustainability of collaboration in both schools with more individualistic and with more collectivistic learning cultures. The implications of the findings for educational theory and practise are discussed.
Characterization of CD19+CD24hiCD38hi B cells in Chinese adult patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Gu Y. , Li K. , Sun J. , Zhang J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Human interleukin‐10+B cells (B10 cells) is one of regulatory B cells and is enriched in CD19+CD24hiCD38hi B cells. A little is known about these cells in atopic dermatitis.ObjectiveTo study CD19+CD24hiCD38hi B cells and their clinical significance in Chinese adult patients with atopic dermatitis.MethodsThirty‐two adult patients with AD and nineteen healthy controls were enrolled. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and stained with fluorescein‐conjugated monoclonal antibodies for CD19, CD24, CD27, CD38 and Annexin V. The stained PBMCs were analysed by flow cytometry. B10 cells were prepared by stimulating PBMCs with CpG, LPS and CD40L followed by restimulation with phorbol12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) and ionomycin. Serum IL‐10, B‐cell‐activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation‐inducing ligand (APRIL) levels were measured by using the ELISA. Apoptosis and proliferation of CD19+CD24hiCD38hi B cells were measured by flow cytometry. 4/P‐signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk) phosphorylation were also studied.ResultsThe number of CD19+CD24hiCD38hi B cells in patients with AD was similar to that in healthy controls. However, B10 cells were decreased in patients with AD. The proportion of B10 cells was negatively associated with blood basophil counts but not associated with disease activity. CD19+CD24hiCD38hi B cells from AD patients were more susceptible to apoptosis upon stimulation with CpG, LPS and CD40L. B cells from AD patients showed lower STAT3 and Erk phosphorylation.ConclusionsCD19+CD24hiCD38hi B cells were unchanged in atopic dermatitis while B10 cells were decreased. The increased B‐cell apoptosis, decreased STAT3 and Erk phosphorylation might contribute to these changes.
Emerging role of dermal compartment in skin pigmentation: comprehensive review
Authors: Kapoor R. , Dhatwalia S.K. , Kumar R. , Rani S. , Parsad D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe variations in human skin colour mainly occur due to differences in the distribution of melanin pigment throughout the body, synthesized by epidermal melanocytes which are further taken up by keratinocytes present in epidermis. Recently, it has been discovered that besides these cells, dermis derived fibroblast factors also play a prominent role in regulating skin pigmentation. There exists a signal crosstalk between epidermal melanocytes, keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts and any impairment in these signalling pathways may give rise to pigmentary disorders. Vitiligo is a hypopigmentary disorder and alteration in the expression level of several fibroblast‐specific factors has been reported in the lesional skin of vitiligo patients. In such patients, there is decrease in the expression levels of factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor, stem cell factor (SCF) and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) along with a steep increase in the expression levels of Dickkopf 1. Patients affected with hyperpigmentary disorder like melasma exhibit a marked increase in SCF and KGF expression levels leading to increase in melanin production and those affected with solar lentigo experience upregulation in the expression levels of SCF, KGF and HGF (hepatocyte growth factor). Hence, we conclude that new therapeutic strategies can be adopted to cure these pigmentary disorders by targeting factors involved in crosstalk signalling between epidermal melanocytes, keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts.
Potential oral health effects of e‐cigarettes and vaping: A review and case reports
Authors: Irusa Karina F. , Vence Brian , Donovan Terry 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn this article, the potential oral health consequences of vaping are described. While most dentists are likely aware of the potential serious health effects involved with vaping, the aim of this article was to raise awareness on identified oral health consequences.Clinical considerationsThree patients presented to one dental practice with unusual patterns of dental caries, and all three admitted to regular vaping. Vaping components include propylene glycol, glycerin, nicotine, and flavors, which contain sucrose, sucralose, and ethyl maltol. The vapor produced by vaping devices is thick and viscous and much of it is retained on oral tissues. There are over 10 000 different vaping liquids, including some that contain tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and vitamin E acetate. Vaping clearly has the potential to negatively affect general health, periodontal health, and accelerate the development of caries. There is also evidence that teenagers are being attracted to vaping in astonishing numbers.ConclusionsThe general health consequences of vaping have received considerable attention in the national media. There is much to be learned about the consequences of this behavior. There are also potential serious oral health consequences to vaping. It is likely that the composition of certain vaping solutions may make them more harmful than othersClinical significanceIt is important that dental professionals are made aware of the potential problems related to vaping. Initial reports show that the effect of e‐cigarettes on periodontal tissues is similar to that of conventional cigarettes. Some vaping formulations may be highly cariogenic, especially those with sweet flavors, which are used to attract young people. Patients should be routinely questioned about their vaping habits in the medical‐dental history.
Geometric description for the anatomy of the mitral valve: A review
Authors: Oliveira Diana , Srinivasan Janaki , Espino Daniel , Buchan Keith , Dawson Dana , Shepherd Duncan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe mitral valve is a complex anatomical structure whose physiological functioning relies on the biomechanical properties and structural integrity of its components. Their compromise can lead to mitral valve dysfunction, associated with morbidity and mortality. Therefore, a review on the morphometry of the mitral valve is crucial, more specifically on the importance of valve dimensions and shape for its function. This review initially provides a brief background on the anatomy and physiology of the mitral valve, followed by an analysis of the morphological information available. A characterisation of mathematical descriptions of several parts of the valve is performed and the impact of different dimensions and shape changes in disease is then outlined. Finally, a section regarding future directions and recommendations for the use of morphometric information in clinical analysis of the mitral valve is presented.
The impact of implementing speech recognition technology on the accuracy and efficiency (time to complete) clinical documentation by nurses: A systematic review
Authors: Joseph Joseph , Moore Zena E. H. , Patton Declan , O'Connor Tom , Nugent Linda Elizabeth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionSpeech recognition technology (SRT) recognises an individual's spoken word signals through a microphone and subsequently processes the user's words into digital text by means of a computer. SRT remains well established and continues to grow in popularity among the various health disciplines. Many studies have been done to examine the effects of SRT on nursing documentation, however, no previous systematic review (SR) on the effects of SRT on accuracy and efficiency of nursing documentation was identified.Aims and methodsTo systematically review the impact of speech recognition technology on the accuracy and efficiency of clinical nursing documentation. A SR was conducted that measures the accuracy and efficiency (time to complete documentation) of SRT on nursing documentation. An extensive search of the literature included Web of Science, CINAHL via EBSCO host, Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE and Google Scholar. The PRISMA checklist screened eligible papers. The quality of each paper was critically appraised, data extracted and analysed/synthesised.ResultsA total of 10 studies were included. Various devices and systems have been used to examine the accuracy, efficiency and impact of SRT on nursing documentation. A positive impact of SRT with significant advances in accuracy/productivity of nursing documentation at the point of care was found. However, a substantial degree of initial costing, training requirements and studied interface modification to individual healthcare units are needful in incorporating SRT systems.ConclusionsSpeech recognition technology when applied to nursing documentation could open up a promising new interface for data entry from the point of care, though the full potential of the technology has not been explored.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe compatibility/effectiveness of SRT with existing computer systems remains understudied. SRT training, prompt on‐site technical support, maintenance and upgrades cannot be underestimated towards achieving high‐level accuracy and efficiency (time to complete documentation) with SRT.