bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Mixed-Studies Review of Hope Experiences in Parents of Children With Cancer
Authors: Eche Ijeoma Julie , Eche Ifeoma Mary , Pires Conceição , Isibor Christopher , Achibiri Amaka , Aronowitz Teri 
Published: July 2020

Background
Hope is negatively associated with parental psychosocial distress and psychological maladjustment as well as an important aspect of emotional well-being and coping for adults with cancer and their caregivers. Yet, little is known about hope experiences of parents of children with cancer.

Objective
The aim of this study was to comprehensively describe hope experiences in parents of children with cancer using a systematic mixed-studies review.

Intervention/Methods
Psych INFO, PubMed, Academic Search Premier, and CINAHL databases were used to retrieve articles published in English between January 2005 and October 2019. Using the systematic mixed-studies review convergent design, qualitative and quantitative data were collected and extracted followed by qualitative synthesis. Seventeen articles met the inclusion criteria. Exclusion criteria were systematic reviews, nonresearch articles, case reports, and abstracts.

Results
Hope is a fundamental source of strength and inner guidance for parents. Findings suggest that hope is negatively correlated with parental psychological distress symptoms and coping dysfunctions. Religiosity, spirituality, and adequate provider-parent communication may strengthen hope in parents.

Conclusion
Parental hope may help minimize psychological distress and maladjustment after a child’s cancer diagnosis. Open communication channels between providers and parents are critical in preserving hope. An understanding of religiosity, spirituality, optimism, and sociodemographic variables may inform parental psychosocial interventions.

Implications for Practice
Early identification of parents with psychological distress is critical as they may struggle more in the absence of hope. Targeted psychosocial interventions may help parents of children with cancer cope better. Ongoing assessments of spiritual needs may be important in sustaining hope.
Elevation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Light and Heavy Neurofilament Levels in Symptomatic Neurosyphilis
Authors: Xu Dong-mei , Cai Sheng-nan , Li Rui , Wu Yan , Liu Shun-ai , Lun Wen-hui 
Published: July 2020

Background
Although clinical manifestations of symptomatic and asymptomatic neurosyphilis are different, few laboratory tests could reflect the difference.

Methods
A total of 92 non–HIV-infected patients with syphilis were enrolled in this study, including 23 with symptomatic neurosyphilis, 51 with asymptomatic neurosyphilis, and 18 with latent syphilis, which were excluded neurosyphilis because they were found to have no symptom and normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests and served as the control group. The concentrations of neurofilament light subunit (NF-L) and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit (pNF-H) in the CSF were measured and compared among these groups, as well as before and after treatment in the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups.

Results
The median concentrations of NF-L in the symptomatic neurosyphilis, asymptomatic neurosyphilis, and control groups were 5806, 218, and 266 pg/mL, respectively (P < 0.001), and the median concentrations of pNF-H were 986, 43, and 49 pg/mL, respectively (P < 0.001). A subgroup of 15 symptomatic neurosyphilis and 10 asymptomatic neurosyphilis patients were followed up and underwent CSF examination 6 months after the antineurosyphilis treatment. The median concentration of NF-L in the symptomatic neurosyphilis group decreased from baseline 6420 to 2914 pg/mL after the treatment (P = 0.03), and the median concentration of pNF-H in the symptomatic neurosyphilis group decreased from baseline 1399 to 246 pg/mL after the treatment (P = 0.03).

Conclusions
Neurofilament light subunit and pNF-H were significantly elevated in the symptomatic neurosyphilis patients, not in asymptomatic neurosyphilis, which was an implication of the different pathogeneses in neurosyphilis.
Does an In-House Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing Approach Contribute to Accuracy and Time Shortening in Mandibular Reconstruction?
Authors: Numajiri Toshiaki , Morita Daiki , Yamochi Ryo , Nakamura Hiroko , Tsujiko Shoko , Sowa Yoshihiro , Toyoda Kenichiro , Tsujikawa Takahiro , Arai Akihito , Hirano Shigeru 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Mandibular reconstruction using computer-aided design and computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques has received recent attention. This technique has theoretical advantages, although this approach can be commercially used in the limited area of the world.
The aim is to describe our experience using in-house CAD/CAM guides and the situations in which CAD/CAM may present benefit in the region where commercial guides are unavailable.
The authors developed our In-house CAD/CAM approach for mandibular reconstructions with a free fibular flap. Patients were divided into 2 group; CAD/CAM and conventional groups. In the CAD/CAM group, reconstructions were planned virtually using CAD/CAM; these CAD/CAM guides were used in the surgery. In the conventional group, free-hand cutting and fitting of the fibular segments were performed as reconstructions. Later, the bone computed tomographic image was compared with the plan. The averaged deviations and the percentages of the points within 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm deviations were recorded. Total and ischemic time were also recorded.
Reconstruction points within 1 mm deviation were 59% of CAD/CAM group (n = 9) and 42% of conventional group (n = 10, P = 0.04), within 2 mm 82% and 69% (P = 0.03). Total time were 1012 and 911 minutes, while flap ischemic time were 147 and 175 minutes (P = 0.03), respectively.
In-house CAD/CAM mandibular reconstruction also supported accuracy and shorter flap ischemic time. For a detailed accurate reconstruction, CAD/CAM showed superiority than conventional method. Use of the In-house CAD/CAM guides might be an option where commercial guides are not available.
Long-term Prognosis After Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair is Poor in Women and Men
Authors: Bulder Ruth M. A. , Talvitie Mareia , Bastiaannet Esther , Hamming Jaap F. , Hultgren Rebecka , Lindeman Jan H. N. 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
To evaluate the impact of changes in elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) management on life-expectancy of AAA patients.

Background:
Over the past decades AAA repair underwent substantial changes, that is, the introduction of EVAR and implementation of intensified cardiovascular risk management. The question rises to what extent these changes improved longevity of AAA patients.

Methods:
National evaluation including all 12.907 (82.7% male) patients who underwent elective AAA repair between 2001 and 2015 in Sweden. The impact of changes in AAA management was established by a time-resolved analysis based on 3 timeframes: open repair dominated period (2001–2004, n = 2483), transition period (2005–2011, n = 6230), and EVAR-first strategy period (2012–2015, n = 4194). Relative survival was used to quantify AAA-associated mortality, and to adjust for changes in life-expectancy.

Results:
Relative survival of electively treated AAA patients was stable and persistently compromised [4-year relative survival and 95% confidence interval: 0.87 (0.85–0.89), 0.87 (0.86–0.88), 0.89 (0.86–0.91) for the 3 periods, respectively]. Particularly alarming is the severely compromised survival of female patients (4-year relative survival females 0.78, 0.80, 0.70 vs males 0.89, 0.89, 0.91, respectively). Cardiovascular mortality remained the main cause of death (51.0%, 47.2%, 47.9%) and the proportion cardiovascular disease over non-cardiovascular disease death was stable over time.

Conclusions:
Changes in elective AAA management reduced short-term mortality, but failed to improve the profound long-term survival disadvantage of AAA patients. The persistent high (cardiovascular) mortality calls for further intensification of cardiovascular risk management, and a critical appraisal of the basis for the excess mortality of AAA patients.
Current challenges in military trauma readiness: Insufficient relevant surgical case volumes in military treatment facilities
Authors: Hall Andrew B. , Davis Elizabeth , Vasquez Matthew , Umberger Jaime , Tadlock Matthew D. , Qureshi Iram , Walker Avery , Glaser Jacob , McClendon Hampton , Gurney Jennifer M. 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND
The management of battlefield trauma requires a specific skill set, which is optimized by regular trauma experience. As military casualties from the prolonged conflicts in the Middle East decrease, challenges exist to maintain battlefield trauma readiness. Military surgeons must therefore depend on the Military Health System. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the frequency of surgical cases relevant to deployed combat casualty care performed at military treatment facilities (MTFs).

METHODS
Combat casualty care relevant cases (CCC-RCs) were defined as emergent, open surgical cases in which the patient required a blood transfusion. Case logs from four military treatment centers with surgical residency training programs were used. Twenty-four months of case records between January 1, 2017, and January 1, 2019, were included to determine total numbers of CCC-RCs at each institution. The results were compared with San Antonio Military Medical Center’s, the Department of Defense’s only American College of Surgeons–verified level 1 trauma center.

RESULTS
Fifty-one trauma/general surgeons and six vascular surgeons case logs were examined. Thirty (0.3%) of 10,529 cases performed by trauma/general and vascular surgeons over the 2-year study period were considered CCC-RCs. These results were in contrast to San Antonio Military Medical Center, which had a significantly higher proportion of CCC-RCs (113 of 320 cases, 35.3%, p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSION
A cross-section of MTF surgical case complexity demonstrates a lack of cases considered to be CCC-RCs. At the MTFs evaluated, surgical case surrogates for combat trauma and combat casualty care is close to zero. These data are potentially representative of other military treatment centers, which focus on beneficiary care. For readiness purposes, MTFs that care primarily for Tricare beneficiaries without a significant trauma population should not be considered meaningful sources of CCC-RCs for trauma/general and vascular surgeons.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/care management study, level V.
Molecular architecture of the SARS-CoV-2 virus
Authors: Yao Hangping , Song Yutong , Chen Yong , Wu Nanping , Xu Jialu , Sun Chujie , Zhang Jiaxing , Weng Tianhao , Zhang Zheyuan , Wu Zhigang , Cheng Linfang , Shi Danrong , Lu Xiangyun , Lei Jianlin , Crispin Max , Shi Yigong , Li Lanjuan , Li Sai 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite recent advances in the structural elucidation of SARS-CoV-2 proteins and the complexes of the spike (S) proteins with the cellular receptor ACE2 or neutralizing antibodies, detailed architecture of the intact virus remains to be unveiled. Here we report the molecular assembly of the authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus using cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) and subtomogram averaging (STA). Native structures of the S proteins in both pre- and postfusion conformations were determined to average resolutions of 8.7-11 Å. Compositions of the N-linked glycans from the native spikes were analyzed by mass-spectrometry, which revealed highly similar overall processing states of the native glycans to that of the recombinant glycoprotein glycans. The native conformation of the ribonucleoproteins (RNP) and its higher-order assemblies were revealed. Overall, these characterizations have revealed the architecture of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in unprecedented detail, and shed lights on how the virus packs its ∼30 kb long single-segmented RNA in the ∼80 nm diameter lumen.
Predicting cell health phenotypes using image-based morphology profiling
Authors: Way Gregory P. , Kost-Alimova Maria , Shibue Tsukasa , Harrington William F. , Gill Stanley , Piccioni Federica , Becker Tim , Shafqat-Abbasi Hamdah , Hahn William C. , Carpenter Anne E. , Vazquez Francisca , Singh Shantanu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGenetic and chemical perturbations impact diverse cellular phenotypes, including multiple indicators of cell health. These readouts reveal toxicity and antitumorigenic effects relevant to drug discovery and personalized medicine. We developed two customized microscopy assays, one using four targeted reagents and the other three targeted reagents, to collectively measure 70 specific cell health phenotypes including proliferation, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA damage, and cell cycle stage. We then tested an approach to predict multiple cell health phenotypes using Cell Painting, an inexpensive and scalable image-based morphology assay. In matched CRISPR perturbations of three cancer cell lines, we collected both Cell Painting and cell health data. We found that simple machine learning algorithms can predict many cell health readouts directly from Cell Painting images, at less than half the cost. We hypothesized that these trained models can be applied to accurately predict cell health assay outcomes for any future or existing Cell Painting dataset. For Cell Painting images from a set of 1,500+ compound perturbations across multiple doses, we validated predictions by orthogonal assay readouts, and by confirming mitotic arrest, ROS, and DNA damage phenotypes via PLK, proteasome, and aurora kinase/tubulin inhibition, respectively. We provide an intuitive web app to browse all predictions athttp://broad.io/cell-health-app. Our approach can be used to add cell health annotations to Cell Painting perturbation datasets.
Structural inventory of native ribosomal ABCE1-43S pre-initiation complexes
Authors: Kratzat Hanna , Mackens-Kiani Timur , Ameismeier Michael , Cheng Jingdong , Dacheux Estelle , Namane Abdelkader , Berninghausen Otto , Fromont-Racine Micheline , Becker Thomas , Beckmann Roland 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn eukaryotic translation, the termination and recycling phases are linked to subsequent initiation by persistence of several factors. These comprise the large eIF3 complex, eIF3j (Hcr1 in yeast) and the ATP-binding cassette protein ABCE1 (Rli1 in yeast). The ATPase is mainly active as a recycling factor, but it can remain bound to the dissociated 40S subunit until formation of 43S pre-initiation complexes. However, its functional role and native architectural context remains largely enigmatic. Here, we present an architectural inventory of native yeast and human ABCE1-containing pre-initiation complexes by cryo-EM. We found that ABCE1 was mostly associated with early 43S but also later 48S phases of initiation. It directly interacted with eIF3jviaits unique iron-sulfur cluster domain and adopted a novel hybrid conformation, which was ATPase-inhibited and stabilized by an unknown factor bound between the nucleotide binding sites. Moreover, the native human samples provided a near-complete molecular picture of the architecture and sophisticated interaction network of the 43S-bound eIF3 complex and also the eIF2 ternary complex containing the initiator tRNA.
A Topological Switch Enables Misfolding of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator
Authors: Scholl Daniel , Sigoillot Maud , Overtus Marie , Martinez Rafael Colomer , Martens Chloé , Wang Yiting , Pardon Els , Laeremans Toon , Garcia-Pino Abel , Steyaert Jan , Sheppard David N. , Hendrix Jelle , Govaerts Cédric 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCystic Fibrosis (CF) is a common lethal genetic disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel. Misfolding and degradation of CFTR are the hallmarks of the predominant mutation, F508del, located in the first nucleotide binding domain (NBD1). While the mutation is known to affect the thermal stability of NBD1 and assembly of CFTR domains, the molecular events that lead to misfolding of F508del-CFTR remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that NBD1 of CFTR can adopt an alternative conformation that departs from the canonical NBD fold previously observed for CFTR and other ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins. Crystallography studies reveal that this conformation involves a topological reorganization of the β-subdomain of NBD1. This alternative state is adopted by wild-type CFTR in cells and enhances channel activity. Single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy shows that the equilibrium between the conformations is regulated by ATP binding. Under destabilizing conditions, however, this conformational flexibility enables unfolding of the β-subdomain. Our data indicate that in wild-type CFTR switching to this topologically-swapped conformation of NBD1 regulates channel function, but, in the presence of the F508del mutation, it allows domain misfolding and subsequent protein degradation. Our work provides a framework to design conformation-specific therapeutics to prevent noxious transitions.
Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 transgenic mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop severe and fatal respiratory disease
Authors: Golden Joseph W. , Cline Curtis R. , Zeng Xiankun , Garrison Aura R. , Carey Brian D. , Mucker Eric M. , White Lauren E. , Shamblin Joshua D. , Brocato Rebecca L. , Liu Jun , Babka April M. , Rauch Hypaitia B. , Smith Jeffrey M. , Hollidge Bradley S. , Fitzpatrick Collin , Badger Catherine V. , Hooper Jay W. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has created an international health crisis. Small animal models mirroring SARS-CoV-2 human disease are essential for medical countermeasure (MCM) development. Mice are refractory to SARS-CoV-2 infection due to low affinity binding to the murine angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein. Here we evaluated the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in male and female mice expressing the human ACE2 gene under the control of the keratin 18 promotor. In contrast to non-transgenic mice, intranasal exposure of K18-hACE2 animals to two different doses of SARS-CoV-2 resulted in acute disease including weight loss, lung injury, brain infection and lethality. Vasculitis was the most prominent finding in the lungs of infected mice. Transcriptomic analysis from lungs of infected animals revealed increases in transcripts involved in lung injury and inflammatory cytokines. In the lower dose challenge groups, there was a survival advantage in the female mice with 60% surviving infection whereas all male mice succumbed to disease. Male mice that succumbed to disease had higher levels of inflammatory transcripts compared to female mice. This is the first highly lethal murine infection model for SARS-CoV-2. The K18-hACE2 murine model will be valuable for the study of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and the assessment of MCMs.
A transcriptional regulatory circuit for the photosynthetic acclimation of microalgae to carbon dioxide limitation
Authors: Blifernez-Klassen Olga , Berger Hanna , Mittmann Birgit Gerlinde Katharina , Klassen Viktor , Schelletter Louise , Buchholz Tatjana , Baier Thomas , Soleimani Maryna , Wobbe Lutz , Kruse Olaf 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTIn green microalgae, prolonged exposure to inorganic carbon depletion requires long-term acclimation responses, based on a modulated expression of genes and adjusting photosynthetic activity to the prevailing supply of carbon dioxide. Here, we depict a microalgal regulatory cycle, adjusting the light-harvesting capacity at PSII to the prevailing supply of carbon dioxide inChlamydomonas reinhardtii. It engages a newly identified low carbon dioxide response factor (LCRF), which belongs to the Squamosa promoter binding protein (SBP) family of transcription factors, and the previously characterized cytosolic translation repressor NAB1. LCRF combines a DNA-binding SBP domain with a conserved domain for protein-protein interactions and transcription of theLCRFgene is rapidly induced by carbon dioxide depletion. LCRF activates transcription of theNAB1gene by specifically binding to tetranucleotide motifs present in its promoter. Accumulation of the NAB1 protein enhances translational repression of its prime target mRNA, encoding the PSII-associated major light-harvesting protein LHCBM6. The resulting reduction of the PSII antenna size helps maintaining a low excitation during the prevailing carbon dioxide limitation. Analyses of low carbon dioxide acclimation in nuclear insertion mutants devoid of a functionalLCRFgene confirm the essentiality of this novel transcription factor for the regulatory circuit.
SARS-CoV-2 spread across the Colombian-Venezuelan border
Authors: Paniz-Mondolfi Alberto , Muñoz Marina , Florez Carolina , Gomez Sergio , Rico Angelica , Pardo Lisseth , Barros Esther C. , Hernández Carolina , Delgado Lourdes , Jaimes Jesús E. , Pérez Luis , Teherán Aníbal A. , Alshammary Hala Alejel , Obla Ajay , Khan Zenab , Gonzalez-Reiche Ana S. , Hernandez Matthew M. , Sordillo Emilia Mia , Simon Viviana , van Bakel Harm , Ramírez Juan David 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionVenezuela and Colombia both adopted measures of containment early in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, Venezuela’s ongoing humanitarian crisis has decimated its health care system, and forced millions of Venezuelans to flee through its porous border with Colombia. The extensive shared border, and illegal cross-border transit through improvised trails between the two countries are major challenges for public health authorities. We report the first SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Venezuela, and present a snapshot of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemiologic landscape in the Colombian-Venezuelan border region.MethodsWe sequenced and assembled viral genomes from total RNA extracted from nasopharyngeal (NP) clinical specimens using a custom reference-based analysis pipeline. Three assemblies obtained were subjected to typing using the Phylogenetic Assignment of Named Global Outbreak LINeages ‘Pangolin’ tool. A total of 376 publicly available SARS-CoV-2 genomes from South America were obtained from the GISAID database to perform comparative genomic analyses. Additionally, the Wuhan-1 strain was used as reference.ResultsWe found that two of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Venezuela belonged to the B1 lineage, and the third to the B.1.13 lineage. We observed a point mutation in the Spike protein gene (D614G substitution), previously reported to be associated with increased infectivity, in all three Venezuelan genomes. An additional three mutations (R203K/G204R substitution) were present in the nucleocapsid (N) gene of one Venezuelan genome.ConclusionsGenomic sequencing demonstrates similarity between SARS-CoV-2 lineages from Venezuela and viruses collected from patients in bordering areas in Colombia and from Brazil, consistent with cross-border transit despite administrative measures including lockdowns. The presence of mutations associated with increased infectivity in the 3 Venezuelan genomes we report and Colombian SARS-CoV-2 genomes from neighboring borders areas may pose additional challenges for control of SARS-CoV-2 spread in the complex epidemiological landscape in Latin American countries. Public health authorities should carefully follow the progress of the pandemic and its impact on displaced populations within the region.