bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimalarial properties and preventive effects on mitochondrial dysfunction by extract and fractions of Phyllanthus amarus (Schum. and Thonn) in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice
Authors: Olanlokun John Oludele , Babarinde Cecilia Opeyemi , Olorunsogo Olufunso Olabode 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Broad spectrum antimalarial drugs without deleterious effects on mitochondria are scarce. It is in this regard that we investigated the potency of methanol extract and solvent fractions of Phyllanthus amarus on chloroquine-susceptible and resistant strains of Plasmodium berghei, toxicity and its consequential effects on mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) pore opening.

Methods
Malaria was induced in male Swiss mice with susceptible (NK 65) strain, divided into groups (n=5) and treated with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of methanol extract, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate and methanol fractions daily for seven days. Percentage parasitemia and parasite clearance were determined microscopically. The two most potent fractions were tested on resistant (ANKA) strains. Heme and hemozoin contents were determined spectrophotometrically. The mPT, mitochondrial ATPase (mATPase) and lipid peroxidation (mLPO) were determined spectrophotometrically. Similar groups of animals were used for toxicity studies.

Results
Dichloromethane fraction (400 mg/kg) had the highest antimalarial curative effect via least parasitemia (0.49) and high clearance (96.63) compared with the negative control (10.08, 0.00, respectively), had the highest heme and least hemozoin contents (16.23; 0.03) compared with the negative control (8.2, 0.126, respectively). Malaria infection opened the mPT, caused significant increase in mLPO and enhanced mATPase; while dichloromethane fraction reversed these conditions. Serum ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, urea and creatinine of dichloromethane fraction-treated mice decreased relative to control. No significant lesion was noticed in liver and kidney tissue sections.

Conclusions
Dichloromethane fraction of Phyllanthus amarus had the highest antimalarial activity with the highest mito-protective effect and it was well tolerated without toxic effects.
p53 upregulated mediator of apoptosis (Puma) deficiency increases survival of adult neural stem cells generated physiologically in the hippocampus, but does not protect stem cells generated in surplus after an excitotoxic lesion
Authors: Bunk Eva C. , König Hans-Georg , Prehn Jochen H.M. , Kirby Brian P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Neurogenesis occurs in the mammalian brain throughout adulthood and increases in response to metabolic, toxic or traumatic insults. To remove potentially superfluous or unwanted neural stem cells/neuronal progenitors, their rate of proliferation and differentiation is fine-tuned against their rate of apoptosis. Apoptosis requires the transcriptional and posttranslational activation of Bcl-2-homolgy domain 3 (BH3)-only proteins. Previously, we demonstrated that the BH3-only protein p53-upregulated mediator of apoptosis (Puma) controls the physiological rate of apoptosis of neural precursor cells in the adult mouse hippocampus. Puma’s role in controlling a lesion-induced increase in neural stem cells is currently not known.

Methods
We employed a model of local, N-methyl-D-asparte (NMDA)-induced excitotoxic injury to the CA1 hippocampal subfield and immunofluorescence labelling to produce increased neural stem cell proliferation/ neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus at two survival times following the excitotoxic lesion.

Results
Deletion of puma failed to rescue any NMDA-induced increase in adult born cells as assessed by BrdU or Doublecortin labelling in the long-term. No difference in the proportion of BrdU/NeuN-positive cells comparing the different genotypes and treatments suggested that the phenotypic fate of the cells was preserved regardless of the genotype and the treatment.

Conclusions
While neurogenesis is up-regulated in puma-deficient animals following NMDA-induced excitotoxicity to the hippocampal CA1 subfield, puma deficiency could not protect this surplus of newly generated cells from apoptotic cell death.
The Past as Prologue: Imagining a Brave New World in Philip Osment’sThis Island’s Mine
Authors: Urie Andrew 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEmploying an interdisciplinary sociopolitical framework, I examine Philip Osment’s playThis Island’s Mine(1988) and demonstrate how it interrogates and repudiates Margaret Thatcher’s neoconservative authoritarian populism. Specifically, I argue that Osment’s play constitutes not only a damning indictment of Thatcherism, but also an enduring work that speaks directly to our present sociopolitical conjuncture, which has witnessed varied forms of reactionary populism sweep nations throughout the international community.
The utility of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in localizing primary/metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in children and adolescents – a single-center experience
Authors: Jaiswal Sanjeet Kumar , Sarathi Vijaya , Malhotra Gaurav , Hira Priya , Shah Ravikumar , Patil Virendra A. , Dalvi Abhay , Prakash Gagan , Lila Anurag R. , Shah Nalini S. , Bandgar Tushar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Pediatric pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are rare tumors with limited data on the diagnostic performance of 68Ga-DOTA(0)-Tyr(3)-octreotate positron emission tomography–computed tomography (68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT). We have described our experience of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in overall and von Hippel Lindau (VHL)-associated pediatric PPGL and compared its sensitivity with that of 131I-meta-iodobenzyl-guanidine (131I-MIBG), 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT (18F-FDG PET/CT), and contrast-enhanced CT (CECT).

Methods
Retrospective evaluation of consecutive PPGL patients (age: ≤20 years), who had undergone at least one functional imaging [131I-MIBG, 18F-FDG PET/CT, and/or 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT], was done. Composite of anatomical and all the performed functional imaging scans, image comparator (IC), was considered as the gold standard for sensitivity analysis.

Results
In a cohort of 32 patients (16 males, age at diagnosis: 16.4 ± 2.68 years), lesion-wise sensitivity of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT (95%) was higher than that of both 18F-FDG-PET/CT (80%, p=0.027) and 131I-MIBG (65%, p=0.0004) for overall lesions, than that of 18F-FDG-PET/CT (100 vs. 67%, p=0.017) for primary PPG, and than that of 131I-MIBG (93 vs. 42%, p=0.0001) for metastases. In the VHL (n=14), subgroup, 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT had higher lesion-wise sensitivity (100%) compared to 18F-FDG PET/CT (74%, p=0.045) and 131I-MIBG (64%, p=0.0145).

Conclusions
In our pediatric PPGL cohort, overall lesion-wise sensitivity of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT was higher than that of 18F–FDG PET/CT and 131I-MIBG scintigraphy. Hence, we recommend 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT as the preferred modality in pediatric PPGL. 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT may evolve as a preferred imaging modality for disease surveillance in VHL.
Serum level of NPTX1 is independent of serum MKRN3 in central precocious puberty
Authors: Jeong Hwal Rim , Yoon Jong Seo , Lee Hye Jin , Shim Yeong Suk , Kang Min Jae , Hwang Il Tae 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Makorin ring finger protein 3 (MKRN3) is associated with the initiation of puberty, and loss of function mutation of MKRN3 is the most common genetic cause of central precocious puberty (CPP). A recent study reported that MKRN3 interacts with and suppresses neural pentraxin-1 precursor (NPTX1) activity via polyubiquitination during early puberty in the mouse hypothalamus. This study investigated the correlation between serum NPTX1 and MKRN3 in CPP girls and predicted the potential role of NPTX1 in pubertal progression.

Methods
In this case–control study, we examined 34 girls diagnosed with CPP and 34 healthy prepubertal girls. Anthropometric and hormonal parameters were measured and serum levels of NPTX1 and MKRN3 were evaluated with commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.

Results
Serum MKRN3 level decreased significantly in CPP patients compared to controls (344.48 ± 333.77 and 1295.21 ± 780.80 pg/mL, respectively, p<0.001). Serum MKRN3 tended to decrease as Tanner breast stage increased. However, no significant difference was observed in serum NPTX1 levels between patients and controls (20.14 ± 31.75 ng/mL and 12.93 ± 8.28 ng/mL, respectively, p=0.248). The serum level of NPTX1 did not change significantly with the Tanner breast stage. Serum NPTX1 was correlated with the height standard deviation score (r=0.255; p<0.05), but was not correlated with serum MKRN3 level or the others. Conclusion: Although serum NPTX1 level was independent of serum MKRN3 level, the possibility they might be involved in the progression of puberty or CPP remains. Further research is needed to determine their role in the hypothalamus.
Defending Government Tort Litigation: Considerations for Scholars
Authors: Figley Paul 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
I am honored by the invitation to participate in this symposium on “What Practitioners Can Teach Academics About Tort Litigation” and to share my views from the defense side of government tort litigation. I have a foot in each camp of the practitioner/academic divide. For three decades I defended the federal government in Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA) litigation, serving for the last 15 of those years as Deputy Director of the FTCA Staff in the Civil Division of the U.S. Department of Justice. I worked with the FTCA and its jurisprudence on a daily basis—litigating cases, assessing and negotiating proposed settlements, advising agencies and Assistant U.S. Attorneys, and commenting on proposed legislation. I left Justice in 2006 to become an academic, a role in which I have had the pleasure of teaching Torts to first year law students and the time and freedom to write about sovereign immunity, the FTCA, and other things.
Fighting the Good Fight: The Insurance Defense Litigator
Authors: Cummins Daniel E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
‘Fighting the good fight’ is how some insurance defense attorneys view their position in civil litigation law as they work towards reasonable resolutions of personal injury damages claims and take the frivolous cases all the way to verdict. This writer was requested to analyze the day-to-day practice of an insurance defense litigator in tort matters. The focus of the paper was to provide those in the legal academic field with insight into defense litigation in the tort arena of personal injury matters. This paper endeavors to provide that insight along with suggestions as to areas of training that law students may benefit from if offered in law school to prepare them for the practice of law.
Improved molecular laboratory productivity by consolidation of testing on the new random-access analyzer Alinity m
Authors: Obermeier Martin , Pacenti Monia , Ehret Robert , Onelia Francesco , Gunson Rory , Goldstein Emily , Chevaliez Stéphane , Vilas Alba , Glass Allison , Maree Leana , Krügel Maria , Knechten Heribert , Braun Patrick , Naeth Gudrun , Azzato Francesca , Lucic Danijela , Marlowe Natalia , Palm Michael John , Pfeifer Karin , Reinhardt Birgit , Dhein Jens , Joseph Ajith Mathew , Martínez-García Laura , Galán Juan-Carlos 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Automated molecular analyzers have accelerated diagnosis, allowing earlier intervention and better patient follow-up. A recently developed completely automated molecular analyzer, Alinity™ m (Abbott), offers consolidated, continuous, and random-access testing that may improve molecular laboratory workflow.

Methods
An international, multicenter study compared laboratory workflow metrics across various routine analyzers and Alinity m utilizing assays for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV), and sexually transmitted infection (STI) (Chlamydia trachomatis [CT]/Neisseria gonorrhoeae [NG]/Trichomonas vaginalis [TV]/Mycoplasma genitalium [MG]). Three turnaround times (TATs) were assessed: total TAT (sample arrival to result), sample onboard TAT (sample loading and test starting to result), and processing TAT (sample aspiration to result).

Results
Total TAT was reduced from days with routine analyzers to hours with Alinity m, independent of requested assays. Sample onboard TATs for standard workflow using routine analyzers ranged from 7 to 32.5 h compared to 2.75–6 h for Alinity m. The mean sample onboard TAT for STAT samples on Alinity m was 2.36 h (±0.19 h). Processing TATs for Alinity m were independent of the combination of assays, with 100% of results reported within 117 min.

Conclusions
The consolidated, continuous, random-access workflow of Alinity m reduces TATs across various assays and is expected to improve both laboratory operational efficiency and patient care.
Morphosyntactic predictability of translationese
Authors: Nikolaev Dmitry , Karidi Taelin , Kenneth Neta , Mitnik Veronika , Saeboe Lilja , Abend Omri 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It is often assumed that translated texts are easier to process than original ones. However, it has also been shown that translated texts contain evident traces of source-language morphosyntax, which should presumably make them less predictable and harder to process. We test these competing observations by measuring morphosyntactic entropies of original and translated texts in several languages and show that there may exist a categorical distinction between translations made from structurally-similar languages (which are more predictable than original texts) and those made from structurally-divergent languages (which are often non-idiomatic, involve structural transfer, and therefore are more entropic).
On the equivalence of three-dimensional differential systems
Authors: Zhou Jian , Zhao Shiyin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, firstly, we study the structural form of reflective integral for a given system. Then the sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure there exists the reflective integral with these structured form for such system. Secondly, we discuss the necessary conditions for the equivalence of such systems and a general three-dimensional differential system. And then, we apply the obtained results to the study of the behavior of their periodic solutions when such systems are periodic systems in t.
A case report of cervical pregnancy after in vitro fertilization complicated by tuberculosis and a literature review
Authors: Liu Kun , Zhang Xuehong , Ma Xiaoling , Jia Xueling , Zhao Xiaodong , Yang Xia , Zhang Yufeng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Although female genital tuberculosis may lead to infertility, pregnancy is still possible, especially through in vitro fertilization (IVF). In this eventuality, even latent tuberculosis (TB) infection is prone to reactivate. Because some of the symptoms of TB overlap with those of pregnancy, diagnosis and treatment may be delayed. We report the case of a 30-year-old infertile woman with repeated genital tuberculosis (GTB) who underwent two laparoscopic surgeries and anti-TB treatments. The woman conceived through IVF and, unfortunately, a cervical pregnancy was diagnosed, together with a third recurrence of GTB. When the condition became stable after anti-TB treatment, the pregnancy was terminated using oral mifepristone in combination with an ultrasound-guided local injection of methotrexate. The gestational sac was expelled 4 days later with minimal blood loss. In view of the reciprocal influence and interconnection between IVF, pregnancy, and TB, we conducted a literature review to provide valuable information for early diagnosis and treatment, as well as for routine screening before IVF of TB in infertile patients.
Transzendenz berühren. Die (halbe) Kerze als Schnittstelle zwischen Transzendenz und Immanenz im Marienmirakel ‚Erscheinung am Lichtmesstage‘ des ‚Passionals‘
Authors: Gerber Jennifer 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The miracle play ‘Erscheinung am Lichtmesstage’ of the late medieval ‘Passional’ offers a literary interpretation of the ‘Candlemas’ and its procession with lighted candles. After a woman has been enraptured into transcendent space, she partakes in a light procession together with the Virgin Mary and various other figures. Each of the participants carries a candle, whose light, as the text says, is sacrificed at the end of the procession. One candle, however, becomes subject of a dispute between the woman and a messenger from the Virgin Mary, causing the candle to split in two. The text repeatedly addresses the actual touching of the candle, suggesting that this wax artefact plays an essential role in bridging the immanent and transcendent. This article explores the candle as a ‘Semiophore’, revealing the broad semantic spectrum of the candle and its light. Through the acts of giving, holding, depositing, seizing, pulling, braking, and touching as well as possessing and keeping the candle become the locus of multiple meanings. Ultimately, it functions as a bridge between the ordinary and the divine.
Dazzle, Dangle, and Jangle: Sensory Effects of Scandinavian Gold Bracteates
Authors: Wicker Nancy L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Small pendant discs known as Scandinavian gold bracteates are visually impressive indicators of status and identity during the early medieval Migration Period (c. 450–550 CE). Much of the emphasis in bracteate studies has been on typological classification and iconographic interpretation of the pictures, along with decipherment of the inscriptions, yet the sensory impression made by bracteates has been neglected. For decades, archaeologists considered it futile to speculate on the experiential; however, recent research has begun to contend with the materiality of senses and emotions in the past. In this paper, I focus on the both sensory effect of experiencing the pendants and the emotional impact of the objects on those who wore and handled them. Since bracteates are often discovered in women’s graves and show evidence of wear on their suspension loops, it is assumed that these objects were actually used in life. A spotlight on agency turns the study of bracteates from an emphasis on typology, iconography, and runology to trace instead the agency and multisensory effects of these objects on people and the effects of people’s actions on these items. This allows an examination of how bracteates were entangled with the senses and emotions of those who made, wore, and gazed upon these small but important objects. I consider what it may have felt like to make, receive, wear, lose, or bequeath a bracteate – or to deposit it into a bog or a grave.
Beyond Porn and Discreditation: Epistemic Promises and Perils of Deepfake Technology in Digital Lifeworlds
Authors: Kerner Catherine , Risse Mathias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDeepfakes are a new form of synthetic media that broke upon the world in 2017. Bringing photoshopping to video, deepfakes replace people in existing videos with someone else’s likeness. Currently most of their reach is limited to pornography, and they are also used to discredit people. However, deepfake technology has many epistemic promises and perils, which concern how we fare as knowers. Our goal is to help set an agenda around these matters, to make sure this technology can help realize epistemic rights and epistemic justice and unleash human creativity, rather than inflict epistemic wrongs of any sort. Our project is exploratory in nature, and we do not aim to offer conclusive answers at this early stage. There is a need to remain vigilant to make sure the downsides do not outweigh the upsides, and that will be a tall order.
The crystal structure of (E)-2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-N-phenylhydrazine-1- carboxamide monohydrate, C14H14BrN3O3
Authors: Li-Hua Wang , Xiao-Jing Zhou , Li-Li Liu , Ai-Ling Zhang , Xi-Shi Tai 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
C14H14BrN3O3, orthorhombic, Pca21 (no. 29), a = 32.932(3) Å, b = 5.8490(7) Å, c = 7.3606(8) Å, V = 1417.8(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0260, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0553, T = 150 K.
The crystal structure of 4-amino-N′-(4-aminobenzoyl)benzohydrazide monohydrate, C14H16N4O3
Authors: Xi-Shi Tai , Xiao-Jing Zhou , Li-Li Liu , Ai-Ling Zhang , Li-Hua Wang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
C14H16N4O3, orthorhombic, P21212 (no. 18), a = 8.0968(7) Å, b = 16.6829(17) Å, c = 5.3097(5) Å, V = 717.22(12) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0420, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0816, T = 293(2) K.
The crystal structure of butyrylferrocene, C14H16FeO
Authors: Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
C14H16FeO, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 5.6954(3) Å, b = 10.0307(6) Å, c = 20.4422(14) Å, V = 1167.84(12) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0267, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0559, T = 200 K.
The crystal structure of 1-bromo-4-iodo-benzene, C6H4BrI
Authors: Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
C6H4BrI, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 4.1704(6) Å, b = 5.8242(8) Å, c = 14.929(2) Å, β = 97.315(5)°, V = 359.67(9) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0303, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0982, T = 200 K.
The crystal structure of 4-chloro-1-methylpiperidin-1-ium chloride, C6H13Cl2N
Authors: Muller Kina , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
C6H13Cl2N, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 6.0087(3) Å, b = 10.1176(6) Å, c = 14.3532(7) Å, V = 872.58(8) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0304, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0632, T = 200 K.
Study of the drying kinetics and calculation of mass transfer properties in hot air drying ofCynara cardunculus
Authors: Guiné Raquel P. F. , Lima Maria João 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the present work, mass transfer properties of thistle flower (Cynara cardunculusL.) were evaluated for the convective drying carried out at temperatures between 35 and 65°C, with an air flow of 0.5 m/s. The calculations followed two different algorithms, based on mathematical models derived from the thin layer drying equation and Fick’s second law of diffusion. The results obtained indicated that different methodologies resulted in different values of mass transfer properties, which is an alert that care must be taken when choosing which calculation method might be more appropriate in a specific practical application. In all cases, the values of moisture diffusion and mass transfer coefficient were found to increase with increasing operating temperature. The values of diffusivity increased from 2.7866 × 10−9to 1.4027 × 10−8 m2/s for the thin layer model-based algorithm and from 1.9256 × 10−10to 1.2033 × 10−9 m2/s for Fick’s equation model. The values of the mass transfer coefficient increased from 8.4335 × 10−8to 8.4400 × 10−7 m/s and from 5.8277 × 10−9to 7.2398 × 10−8 m/s, respectively, for the thin layer and Fick’s law-based models.
Genizah Ms. 17: an Extract from an Early Version of the Passio of St Plato of Ancyra, Part 1
Authors: Trachsel Alexandra 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The study pursues two aims. The first part is dedicated to the deciphering and editing of a new text preserved as palimpsest on a parchment bifolio. It belongs to a small collection of documents from the Cairo Genizah owned by the University of Geneva. The fragment reveals an extract from an early version of a Passion of St Plato of Ancyra, a saint who is best known through Byzantine menologia. His Passion was also reworked by Symeon Metaphrastes in the 10th century. However, the new text is closest to an anonymous pre-metaphrastic version available in Migne’s Patrologia Graeca. The second aim of the paper (developed in Part 2) is, therefore, to establish the relation between different versions of the Passion and locate the new witness from the Cairo Genizah in the history of the transmission of this text.