bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroid remnant ablation with radioiodine activity
of 30, 60, and 100 mCi in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer – a prospective comparison of long-term outcomes
Authors: Kukulska Aleksandra , Krajewska Jolanta , Gawkowska Marzena , Paliczka-Cieslik Ewa , Handkiewicz-Junak Daria , Kropińska Aleksandra , Puch Zbigniew , Olczyk Tomasz , Roskosz Jozef , Jarzab Barbara 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionThe aim of this prospective study was to evaluate long-term outcomes in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients postoperatively treated with distinct RAI activities of 30 mCi, 60 mCi, and 100 mCi.Material and methodsThe analysis involved 277 low-risk and 46 intermediate-risk patients, who underwent radioiodine (RAI) ablation with 30 mCi, 60 mCi or 100 mCi under prospective, randomized clinical trials. Seventy-eight patients from the low-risk group received 30 mCi, whereas 125 and 74 patients received 60 mCi and 100 mCi, respectively. Regarding the intermediate-risk group, 20 patients were given 60 mCi, and 26 subjects were given 100 mCi. The mean time of follow-up was 11 years.ResultsAn excellent treatment response was obtained in 88%, 89% and 90% of low-risk patients treated with 30 mCi, 60 mCi, and 100 mCi, respectively, and in 85% of intermediate-risk patients, who were administered 60 or 100 mCi. An indeterminate response was achieved in 9.4% and 6.5%, whereas an incomplete structural response was obtained in 1.4% and 6.5% of low-risk and intermediate-risk patients, respectively. An incomplete biochemical response was observed only in 2.2% of intermediate-risk patients. The differences in treatment response regarding RAI activity were not significant.ConclusionsRAI activity of 30 mCi demonstrates a comparable efficacy as 60 mCi and 100 mCi in low-risk DTC. RAI activity of 60 mCi seems to be effective in intermediate-risk DTC.
Warty carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a virus-induced disease?
Authors: Yordanov Angel , Ivanov Ivan , Dineva Tereza , Slavchev Stanislav , Kostov Stoyan , Strashilov Strahil , Konsoulova Assia 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionWarty carcinoma (WC) of the uterine cervix is a rare subtype of squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC), and its frequency, clinical behaviour, and aetiology are obscure. It originates from condylomas, and a viral carcinogenesis seems logical.Material and methodsRetrospective analysis was performed of all cervical carcinomas (CC), diagnosed at a single institution for a 10-year period. Analysed patients had stage I carcinoma. Patients with WC were identified, and their tumour samples were tested for high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) and EBV, using PCR and ISH. Clinical characteristics and WC rates across all stage I CC patients were assessed. All patients had minimum 3-year follow-up, and overall survival (OS) and 5-year survival rates were calculated.ResultsWC comprised 2.2% of all stage I CC (n = 630). The mean age of the patients was 48 years (range: 29–72). The primary tumour size was 2 cm in 4 (28.6%) patients, 2–4 cm in 2 (14.3%) patients, and 4 cm in 8 (57.1%) patients. Lymph node metastasis was found in 1 (7.1%) patient. EBV or hr-HPV were detected in 2 (18.2%) patients using ISH, with no coinfection reported. Hr-HPV was detected in 2 (18.2%) patients; EBV in 4 (36.4%) cases, and in 2 of them (18.2%) there was a co-infection. Thirteen patients had a follow-up of ≥ 5 years and their 5-year OS was 100%.ConclusionsWC is a rare subtype of SCC with good prognosis, regardless of viral status. In contrast to SCC, its aetiology is not related to hr-HPV. The role of EBV remains unclear and cannot currently be denied.
The footprint of humans with serious psychological distress: a cross-sectional study of 1.5 million adults in the United States
Authors: Rethemiotaki Irene 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThis study investigates the prevalence of serious psychological distress (SPD) in the United States during 2012-2018 as well as the characteristics of people with SPD with the ultimate goal to find statistically significant indi-cators for SPD.Participants and procedureThe statistical methods used to analyze the results of this study are the chi-square and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests. Additionally, a multiple logistic regression analysis was used with the odds ratio (OR) to find statistically significant prognostic factors for SPD.ResultsThe prevalence of SPD was found to be 3.4%. The number of individuals with SPD increased from 2012 to 2018 by 34.1%. As indicated by multiple logistic regression analyses, individuals who have less than $35 000 family income have six times higher risk of SPD occurring (OR = 6.31), while white females (OR = 1.93) in the age group of 45-64 (OR = 2.01) who are not employed but have worked previously (OR = 1.25), and are di-vorced or separated (OR = 1.57) have a two-fold higher risk for the occurrence of this type of disorder. In addi-tion, the risk of SPD is fivefold higher in poor individuals (OR = 4.81) with inadequate education (OR = 5.44).ConclusionsThe results of this study explain the significance of deprivation (of financial comfort, education, husband, and work) as the main prognostic risk factor for SPD. Moreover, individuals with SPD are more likely to be white females in the age group of 45-64.
Exploring the relationship between coping humor and subjective happiness:belongingness and forgiveness as serial mediators
Authors: Satici Begum 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundPositive psychology plays an important role in strengthening mental health. Nevertheless, the relationships between variables have not been clarified yet. The present study used an undergraduate sample to test a mediation-based model of the cross-sectional association of coping humor with subjective happiness, as serially mediated by belongingness and forgiveness.Participants and procedureA total of 306 valid participants (51.6% female and 48.4% male), ranging in age from 18 to 26, completed pa-per and pencil questionnaires assessing subjective happiness, coping humor, belongingness, and forgiveness. The bootstrapping procedure was used for serial mediation.ResultsThe results indicated a significant and positive link among subjective happiness, coping humor, belongingness, and forgiveness. In addition, serial mediation analysis revealed that coping humor was associated with higher belongingness, which was associated with increased forgiveness, which were then associated with more sub-jective happiness. Therefore, coping humor was indirectly associated with more subjective happiness via be-longingness and forgiveness, in a serial fashion.ConclusionsThese findings indicated that coping humor could help university students’ belongingness, and improve for-giveness, thereby enhancing their subjective happiness. We suggest possible prevention and intervention pro-grams for increasing subjective happiness among individuals with low coping humor and suggest courses for future inquiry. We also discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
Well-being at work and its association with work-home interactions: a study of young Vietnamese employees
Authors: Thai Bui , Trang Nguyen , Duc Tran 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundStudying well-being at work and how it is related to employees’ work-home interactions has been of great con-cern to both researchers and policy-makers in recent years. The aim of this study is to investigate the status of well-being at work of young Vietnamese employees working in Hanoi city and how dimensions of their work-home interaction contribute to their well-being at work.Participants and procedureA self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 675 Vietnamese employees whose age was un-der 35 years. Demo and Paschoal’s well-being at work scale and the Survey Work-Home Interaction – Nijme-gen (SWING) scale were applied to measure employees’ well-being at work and work-home interactions re-spectively. The control variables include employees’ sex, marital status, working tenure, work position, mentor-ing, and type of organization.ResultsThis study documented differences in the status of well-being at work between groups by gender, work posi-tion, mentoring, whereas no difference was found between groups in age, marital status, working tenure or types of organization. Regression results demonstrated that altogether positive work-home, negative work-home, positive home-work interactions and work position can explain quite well the variance of employees’ well-being at work, and the predictive power of positive interaction for well-being at work was significantly stronger than that of work position and negative work-home interaction.ConclusionsOur results suggested that to promote employees’ well-being at work, organizations should invest in boosting the positive interactions between work and home life of employees. Work position, gender issue and mentoring are also meaningful determinants of well-being at work.
Groundwater storage dynamics in the world's large aquifer systems from GRACE: uncertainty and role of extreme precipitation
Authors: Shamsudduha Mohammad , Taylor Richard G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Under variable and changing climates groundwater storage sustains vital
ecosystems and enables freshwater withdrawals globally for agriculture,
drinking water, and industry. Here, we assess recent changes in groundwater
storage (ΔGWS) from 2002 to 2016 in 37 of the world's large aquifer
systems using an ensemble of datasets from the Gravity Recovery and Climate
Experiment (GRACE) and land surface models (LSMs). Ensemble GRACE-derived
ΔGWS is well reconciled to in situ observations (r=0.62–0.86,
p value <0.001) for two tropical basins with regional piezometric
networks and contrasting climate regimes. Trends in GRACE-derived ΔGWS are overwhelmingly non-linear; indeed, linear declining trends
adequately (R2>0.5, p value <0.001) explain
variability in only two aquifer systems. Non-linearity in ΔGWS
derives, in part, from the episodic nature of groundwater replenishment
associated with extreme annual (>90th percentile,
1901–2016) precipitation and is inconsistent with prevailing narratives of
global-scale groundwater depletion at the scale of the GRACE footprint
(∼200 000 km2). Substantial uncertainty remains in
estimates of GRACE-derived ΔGWS, evident from 20 realisations
presented here, but these data provide a regional context to changes in
groundwater storage observed more locally through piezometry.
Novel index to comprehensively evaluate air cleanliness: the Clean aIr Index (CII)
Authors: Sato Tomohiro O. , Kuroda Takeshi , Kasai Yasuko 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Air quality on our planet has been changing in particular since the industrial revolution (1750s) because of anthropogenic emissions.
It is becoming increasingly important to realize air cleanliness, since clean air is as valuable a resource as clean water.
A global standard for quantifying the level of air cleanliness is swiftly required, and we defined a novel concept, namely the Clean aIr Index (CII).
The CII is a simple index defined by the normalization of the amount of a set of individual air pollutants.
A CII value of 1 indicates completely clean air (no air pollutants), and 0 indicates the presence of air pollutants that meet the numerical environmental criteria for the normalization.
In this time, the air pollutants used in the CII were taken from the Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) set by the World Health Organization (WHO), namely O3, particulate matters, NO2, and SO2.
We chose Japan as a study area to evaluate CII because of the following reasons: (i) accurate validation data, as the in situ observation sites of the Atmospheric Environmental Regional Observation System (AEROS) provide highly accurate values of air pollutant amounts, and (ii) fixed numerical criteria from the Japanese Environmental Quality Standards (JEQS) as directed by the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) of Japan.
We quantified air cleanliness in terms of the CII for the all 1896 municipalities in Japan and used data from Seoul and Beijing to evaluate Japanese air cleanliness.
The amount of each air pollutant was calculated using a model that combined the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) models for 1 April 2014 to 31 March 2017.
The CII values calculated by the WRF–CMAQ model and the AEROS measurements showed good agreement.
The mean of the correlation coefficient for the CII values of 498 municipalities where the AEROS measurements operated was 0.66±0.05, which was higher than that of the Air Quality Index (AQI) of 0.57±0.06.
The CII values averaged for the study period were 0.67, 0.52, and 0.24 in Tokyo, Seoul, and Beijing, respectively; thus, the air in Tokyo was 1.5 and 2.3 times cleaner, i.e., lower amounts of air pollutants, than the air in Seoul and Beijing, respectively.
The average CII value for the all Japanese municipalities was 0.72 over the study period.
The extremely clean air, CII ≈0.90, occurred in the southern remote islands of Tokyo and to the west of the Pacific coast, i.e., Kochi, Mie, and Wakayama prefectures during summer, with the transport of clean air from the ocean.
We presented the top 100 clean air cities in Japan as one example of an application of CII in society.
We confirmed that the CII enabled the quantitative evaluation of air cleanliness.
The CII can be useful and valuable in various scenarios such as encouraging sightseeing and migration, investment and insurance business, and city planning.
The CII is a simple and fair index that can be applied to all nations.
APPELLATE ADVOCACY - NEW CHALLENGES. THE DAME ANN EBSWORTH MEMORIAL LECTURE
Authors: Kirby CMG Michael J 
Published: August 2020

This lecture honours Dame Ann Ebsworth who died in 2002 of cancer. She was but sixty-four years of age. As I am the inaugural lecturer, I will record some personal facts, although her memory will be green for her friends, many of whom have come to this lecture to remember her and to celebrate her life. Ann Ebsworth was born on 19 May 1937. Her father was an officer in the Royal Marines. She was raised a Roman Catholic and derived from her religion and her parents strong convictions and a sense of public service. She read history at the University of London where she was known as a formidable debater. In 1962 she was called to the Bar by Gray’s Inn. Her practice, which was in Liverpool, was predominantly criminal with some family work (which increased) and some civil work (which diminished). She rose to be head of her chambers. She was known as a considerable opponent, particularly in criminal cases. She was described as an “… effective and formidable advocate, thorough in preparation, lucid and courteous in style and entirely unflappable.
OPPRESSION OF MINORITY SHAREHOLDERS- REFLECTIONS ON BLISSET v DANIEL
Authors: Hollington QC Robin 
Published: August 2020

The leading modern case on the law relating to the rights of minority shareholders is the decision of the House of Lords in O’Neill v Phillips, in which Lord Hoffmann, giving the only speech, appeared to place heavy reliance upon the seminal speech of Lord Wilberforce in Re Westbourne Galleries Ltd. The main purpose of this article is to compare and contrast the reasoning of Lord Hoffmann with that of Lord Wilberforce. It is proposed to begin with a close look at the old case of Blisset v Daniel, and to analyse the use to which that authority was put by Lord Hoffmann and Lord Wilberforce. It is proposed to conclude by considering the question whether the reasoning of Lord Hoffmann in O’Neill v Phillips is, or was indeed ever meant by him to be, of general or wide application.
LAWLESS WORLD: MAKING AND BREAKING GLOBAL RULES
Authors: De Mink Jason 
Published: August 2020

Philippe Sands (Penguin Books, London 2006) Paperback, Pp 432, ISBN 9780141017990, £8.99This being the first book that I have ever read dedicated exclusively to international law, I was not certain what to expect. I did not feel disappointed or out of my depth with “Lawless World” however, as Professor Sands writes clearly and authoritatively on subject-matter which will be quite familiar to most readers: the Pinochet trial, the Kyoto Protocol, trade rules, foreign investment, Abu Ghraib and Guantanamo, the Iraq War and torture.
THE EU CONSTITUTION: WHAT NEXT? OCTOBER 11TH 2005 THE LORD SLYNN OF HADLEY EUROPEAN LAW FOUNDATION
Authors: Wallace William 
Published: August 2020

the gradual development of European institutions has been marked by a long succession of crises, several of which looked at the time to threaten the future of the entire structure, though in retrospect they can be seen as the mechanisms which forced reluctant governments to accept change. European integration first collapsed in 1953, with the French National Assembly’s rejection of the treaty to establish the European Defence Community. It seemed close to collapse again, also as a result of French intransigence, in the Luxembourg ‘Empty Chair’ crisis of 1965-6. At the depth of the budgetary crisis in 1981-3, American observers were writing off European integration as a failure – before Margaret Thatcher and Francois Mitterand came to a compromise in Fontainebleau in 1984. The Danes voted down the Maastricht treaty, and the French only narrowly approved it. So we should not be too rattled by the latest crisis; though we need to consider whether this crisis is more severe than its predecessors, and in what ways.
Transfield Shipping Inc v Mercator Shipping Inc (The “Achilleas”) [2008] 2 Lloyd's Rep 275
Authors: Halladay John 
Published: August 2020

REMOTENESS OF CONTRACTUAL DAMAGESOn 9 July 2008, the House of Lords handed down its decision in Transfield Shipping Inc v Mercator Shipping Inc (The “Achilleas”).1 Overturning a series of lower decisions, the House of Lords unanimously decided to restrict the damages available for the breach of a charterparty caused by the late re-delivery of the ship. The case will undoubtedly be important for those in the shipping industry, but will also be important for the development of the doctrine of remoteness of damages in contract law.
Re Guardian and News Media Ltd in HM Treasury v Mohammed Jabar Ahmed [2010] UKSC 1
Authors: Brennan Carol 
Published: August 2020

WHAT’S IN A NAME?In this case the newly constituted Supreme Court adjudicated upon anonymity orders granted in respect of the appellants, who had been the subjects of asset-freezing orders imposed under anti-terrorism legislation. The complex set of facts gave the Court the opportunity to consider the influence of the competing rights under articles 8 and 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) upon the pressing issue of restrictions on reporting of publicly conducted legal proceedings. The decision of the Court constitutes a reassertion of the importance of press freedom, underpinned by article 10, as an essential component of open justice.
Re P (Surrogacy: Residence) [2008] 1FLR 177
Authors: Welstead Mary 
Published: August 2020

ADDICTED TO MOTHERHOOD – A CAUTIONARY TALEThe events in Re P (Surrogacy: Residence) [2008] 1FLR 177, are of such complexity and involve so many people that the dramatis personae below may be necessary to help the reader understand the tangled tale of the woman whose maternal instinct can only be described as insatiable.
OF ADVOCATES, DRUNKS AND OTHER PLAYERS: PLAIN TALES FROM AUSTRALIA
Authors: Kirby CMG Michael J 
Published: August 2020

When I retired from judicial office after 34 years service (13 of them as a Justice of the High Court of Australia), I was richly rewarded for my labours by the practising Bar. Here in England, Inner Temple did me the honour of electing me a Bencher. I was proud to follow Peter Taylor to that office. In Australia, the Australian Bar Association, the Law Council of Australia and the governing body of my home Bar, the New South Wales Bar Association, conferred on me honorary life memberships. I say this not to boast but to illustrate the forgiving qualities of barristers for the assaults that judges inflict on them during service in the courts.
Re S (Transfer of Residence) [2010] 1 FLR 1785; Re S (a child) (transfer of residence: consent order) [2011] 1 FLR 1789
Authors: Welstead Mary 
Published: August 2020

FAMILIES NEED FATHERS – THE LIMITS TO LITIGATIONIn January 2010, a wholly deserving father was granted a residence order. As a consequence S, his twelve-year-old son, would have to leave his mother’s home and go to live with him and his new family. Seven months later, in July 2010, the father left the court in tears having accepted that it was futile to continue with his struggle to activate the residence order. S had indulged in such negative behaviour, described in court as indicative of serious and entrenched parental alienation, that the father gave in to the child’s demands to remain with his mother, and a consent order was made to that effect.
ELECTION PETITIONS AND THE STANDARD OF PROOF
Authors: Hatchard John 
Published: August 2020

In Bater v Bater Denning LJ stated that: ‘… in civil cases, the case may be proved by a preponderance of probability, but there may be degrees of probability within that standard’.He added that a higher degree of probability would be required where a civil court was considering a charge of fraud than when considering whether negligence had been established. Even so, a court was not required to adopt ‘so high a degree as a criminal court, even when it is considering a charge of a criminal nature’. In Hornal v Neuberger he again suggested that:‘The more serious the allegation the higher the degree of probability that is required: but it need not, in a civil case, reach the very high standard required by the criminal law’.
RAISING FREEDOM’S BANNER HOW PEACEFUL DEMONSTRATIONS HAVE CHANGED THE WORLD
Authors: Edwards Susan 
Published: August 2020

Raising Freedom’s Banner is essential reading for students studying Constitutional and Administrative law, for those with an interest in human rights and also for those engaged in peaceful protests the world over. Paul Harris is a practising barrister in England and Wales and a Senior Counsel in Hong Kong. He founded the Bar Human Rights Committee of England and Wales. He has acted in several cases involving the right to peaceful protest, a right preserved by much struggle which he meticulously charts throughout the pages of his truly rich and wonderful historical and legal account. Paul Harris successfully represented Falun Gong in upholding their right to protest outside a government building in Hong Kong as part of a peaceful hunger strike against the treatment of Falun Gong in mainland China. As any visitor to Chinatown in London or indeed elsewhere will know Falun Gong simply wish to pursue their peaceful beliefs in Taoist and Buddhist teachings. For Paul Harris protest is the visible existence of the bastion of freedom.