bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping using Statistical Methods in Uatzau Catchment Area, Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Wubalem Azemeraw 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Landslide susceptibility mapping is important to hazard management and to have planning development activities in the mountainous country like Ethiopia. In the present study, the landslide susceptibility mapping of the Uatzau basin is made using certainty factor, information value and logistic regression methods. Preparation of landslide inventory map from detailed fieldwork and Google Earth image interpretation was the first activity. Thus, 514 landslides were mapped and out of which 490 (70%) of landslides were randomly selected keeping their spatial distribution to build landslide susceptibility models while the remaining 155 (30%) of the landslides were used to models validation. It is clear that the effectiveness of the landslide susceptibility model using GIS and statistical methods is depending on the selection of the causative factors, which have a prevailing effect on landslide occurrence. In this study, six factors including lithology, land use/cover, distance to stream, slope gradient, slope aspect, and slope curvature were the landslide factors that were evaluated. After preparation of these factor maps, the effects of them on slope instability was determined by comparing with landslide inventory raster map using GIS. Finally, the landslide susceptibility model for the Uatzau area was developed and validated using the receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC). The results of ROC showed that for landslide susceptibility map using frequency ratio model (FRM) with an AUC value of 0.8883 has the highest prediction accuracy of 88.83%. The landslide susceptibility map, which is produced using Certainty factor and information value methods also showed that 87.03% and 84.83% of prediction accuracy respectively. Besides the prediction accuracy of the model, the success rate curve for all models was applied and the result showed that more than 80% accuracy (i.e, 80.83% for the information value model, 87.19% for the certainty factor model and 83.27% for frequency ratio model). The present research finds out that all methods/ models, which have employed in this study showed that reasonably very good accuracy in predicting landslide susceptibility of the Uatzau area. Therefore, these landslide susceptibility maps can be used for regional land use planning and landslide hazard mitigation purposes.
Carriage of extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae by healthy school children from two remote villages in western Cameroun
Authors: Fewou Simon Ngamli , Nankam Wlliam Leorel Nguekap , Lontsi Thérèse Ingrid , Djuikoue Ingrid Cécile 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Higher carriage rate of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae have already been reported among healthy community children, thus can increases the risk of developing pathological infection. Since children are the most exposed population due to lack of hygiene knowledge, determining their carriage prevalence will limit the progression or development of those pathologies. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae carriage among children in remote villages of western Cameroon where healthcare structures are absent and the use of antibiotic consumption rare. Methods: A total of 110 fresh stool samples were collected from 110 healthy primary school children between ages 2 to 5 years old from two remote villages. Upon screening using selective agar media for ESBL, Enterobacteriaceae were identified using the Api 20E gallery. Antibiotic susceptibility was investigated using the disc diffusion technique and the ESBL production was determined using the double-disc synergy test. Chi-square test was used for comparison. Results: Children had no history of hospitalization and had not been subjected to antibiotic treatment three months prior to this study. Data analysis indicated a 22% carriage rate for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae among school children. Overall, 24 (67%) out of 36 isolates were ESBL producers and 15 (61%) out of 24 being Escherichia coli . Other ESBL-producing bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae (3%) and Kluyvera spp (3%). We also isolated small proportion of bacteria showing resistance to high level cepholosporinase, which overall represented 33% of the total bacteria isolate. Conclusions: The higher carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in children from some isolated villages devoid of health care structure highlights the risk for resistance transmission between pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. This study also indicates that farming conditions can induces resistance. The current result may contribute to design a therapeutic policy to curtail the emergence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in remote villages in western Cameroon.
Assessment of the spatio-temporal distribution of Hepatitis-a virus transmission in the state of Pará, Brazil
Authors: Leal Philipe Riskalla , Kampel Milton , Guimarães Ricardo José de Paula Souza e 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The hepatitis-A virus (HAV) is a worldwide healthcare problem, mainly affecting countries with poor sanitation and socioeconomic conditions. Spatio-temporal analyses have become an important scientific asset for identifying the clustering of disease infection, providing support for planning interventions and control strategies. This study aims to determine the spatio-temporal variability of HAV infection and related population-based demographic factors in a endemic region.
The selected area of study was Pará state, Brazil. Brazilian Ministry of Health Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) epidemiological report, MS vaccination coverage and Brazilian National Sanitation System (SNIS) sanitation condition datum have been analyzed. Spatial (Moran and Local Moran index) and space-time scan statistics techniques have been applied over Pará state using SINAN database for the assessment of the hepatitis-A incidence for a period of 10 years (from 2008 up to 2017).
A total of 5500 cases has been reported. Gender specific incidence analysis indicated that men have higher risk of contamination than women. Sociodemographic (lack of sanitation), socioeconomic (municipality governments investments in infra-structure) presented relationship with the disease incidence. There have been evidences that extreme events of severe precipitation and severe droughs were also related to increase in hepatitis-A notification cases. Spatial statistics denoted a heterogeneous geographical structure in the disease`s incidence: isolated high and low HAV incidence clusters through the years, implying in a complex disease outbreak system that is partially controlled by public vaccination actions. Space-time scan statistics denoted that hepatitis-A incidence is highly attached to the public HAV vaccination program and to municipality specific social infrastructure. Lower incidence risk were majorly aggregated over the Nordeste Paraense and Metropolitana de Belém meso-regions.
Distinct clusters of hepatitis-A incidence have been found over the studied area (Pará state), and these clusters varied over the years centered at northwest and northeast meso-regions, mainly time-located prior to the national vaccination program start (prior to 2014). National public vaccination program has not been capable of erradicating the disease in the state. Further studies are required to better assess the relationship between climate change efffects over weather events and their relation to HAV transmission outbreaks.
Correlation analysis between CT findings and duration of initial symptoms in young and middle-aged patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia
Authors: Lin Liaoyi , Chen Shuangli , Xu Chongyong , Cao Guoquan , Tao Jiejie , Sun Houzhang , Fu Gangze , Huang Dingping , Qian Andan , Pang Peipei , Yang Xiaoming , Xia Jinglin , Wang MeiHao , Yang Yunjun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective: To retrospectively analyze the correlation between CT findings and duration of initial symptoms in young and middle-aged patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia.Materials and methods: From January 17, 2020 to February 4, 2020, of the 54 SARS-COV-2 infection cases, 48 cases (48/54,88.8%) were young and middle-aged patients under 60 years old. Finally, thirty-three patients under 60 years old with CT imaging were enrolled in this study, including 20 men and 13 women. Patients’ clinical data, including gender, age, infection exposure history, heating temperature, the initial symptoms and the duration, were recorded. The CT imaging features of pneumonia was scored. The number of lung lobe involvement and the length of the largest lesion were recorded. All above CT findings and clinical data were evaluated.Results: The median duration of initial symptoms was 3 days (range 0-7 days). The CT score and the length of the largest lesion showed statistically significant between the groups of initial symptom duration < 3 days and initial symptom duration ≥3 days (P<0.05). while age, gender, infection exposure history, fever temperature and the number of affected pulmonary lobes between the two groups had no significant difference (P>0.05). The duration of the initial symptom was positively correlated with both the CT score of pneumonia (r=0.502, P=0.003) and the length of the largest pneumonia lesion in the lung (r=0.506, P=0.003).Conclusion: The severity of pneumonia and the size of lesions were positively correlated with the duration of the initial symptom in young and middle-aged patients.
Distinct role of the CYP4F2 polymorphisms in determining the risk of HAPE among Chinese Han population
Authors: Zhao Yanli , Wang Haiyuan , Gan Guifen , Wang Rong , Long Qifu , Zhu Derui , Shen Guoping , Si Lining 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: CYP4F2 is potentially associated with High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) risk by regulating inflammatory mediator leukotriene B4 and arachidonic acid. However, the role of CYP4F2 in HAPE susceptibility remains unknown. For the first time, we conducted a case-control study to assess the potential association of CYP4F2 gene variants (rs3093193, rs12459936, rs3093144 and rs3093110) with HAPE susceptibility in Chinese Han population.Methods: The study included 238 BC patients and 230 healthy controls from northwest China. The polymorphisms selected in CYP4F2 gene were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY system. Odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and P values were used to evaluate the relationship between the two.Results: In the allele model and genotype model of the overall analysis, rs3093193 was shown to reduce the risk of HAPE (P ＜ 0.05), while rs12459936 increased susceptibility to HAPE (P ＜ 0.05). Age stratified analysis revealed that rs3093193 and rs12459936 were correlated with HAPE risk at age > 32 years (P ＜ 0.05), and rs3093193 and rs3093110 were correlated with the HAPE risk at age ≤ 32 years (P ＜ 0.05). Gender stratification analysis found that rs3093193, rs12459936 and rs3093110 were all related to HAPE risk in males (P ＜ 0.05). Haplotype analysis illuminated that GCCG and CTC could increase HAPE risk at age ≤ 32 years and males, respectively (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions: Our research confirmed that CYP4F2 genes polymorphisms were implicated in HAPE susceptibility in Chinese Han population.
Exploring Indonesian mothers' perspective on anemia during pregnancy: A qualitative approach
Authors: Darmawati Darmawati , Siregar Tongku Nizwan , Kamil Hajjul , Tahlil Teuku 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Anemia is a major problem experienced during pregnancy in Indonesia due to its effect on mothers and babies. Hence, various interventions have been implemented, but a significant reduction in the prevalence of anemia has not been attained. The present study, therefore, aims to investigate the perceptions of anemia among pregnant women in Aceh to design culturally relevant interventions.Methods: This qualitative study collected data from 24 pregnant women in Aceh Besar District, Indonesia, through focus group discussions (FGDs). Data were analyzed using the inductive content analysis (ICA) method.Results: Five themes emerged from the experiences of pregnant women with anemia: (1) anemia during pregnancy is perceived as a woman’s destiny, (2) there is a lack of knowledge related to clinical indicators of anemia, (3) there is a traditional taboo related to anemia, (4) the husband and family provide support related to preventing anemia, and (5) there is a need for cultural and religious-based health counseling.Conclusions: Interventions should be designed to provide health information on anemia in Aceh that considers the local knowledge, beliefs and values, combined with medical elements. This intervention will likely change the perceptions of pregnant women about anemia to ensure that they are able to better maintain their pregnancy. Furthermore, the implementation of programs to support pregnant women with anemia should ensure that health workers are adequately trained in cultural competency and are able to understand the needs of pregnant women.
Fertility intentions and the way they change following birth—a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Preis Heidi , Tovim Selen , Mor Pnina , Grisaru-Granovsky Sorina , Samueloff Arnon , Benyamini Yael 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Women's fertility intentions, their desired number of children and desired inter-pregnancy interval (IPI) are related to micro (personal) and macro (socio-cultural) level factors. We investigated factors that contribute to changes in women's fertility intentions in Israel, a developed country with high birth rates.Methods: Pregnant women (N=1163), recruited from prenatal clinics and hospitals in two major metropolitan areas, completed self-report questionnaires prenatally (≥24 weeks gestation) and postpartum (two months after childbirth). Women reported their socio-demographic background and obstetric history prenatally, their desired number of children and IPI at both time-points, and their objective and subjective birth experiences postpartum.Results: Findings indicated that background characteristics were related to prenatal fertility intentions. The strongest contributor to prenatal fertility intentions was degree of religiosity- the more religious women were, the more children they desired and the shorter their desired IPI. Women's postpartum fertility intentions were mostly consistent with their prenatal reports. In univariate analyses, emergency modes of delivery were associated with a decrease in the desired number of children and less satisfaction with birth was associated with desiring fewer children and increasing desired IPI. In multivariate analyses, only being very-religious, more educated, and previously giving birth decreased the likelihood of desiring fewer children. Greater birth satisfaction and giving birth for the first time decreased the likelihood of changing desired IPI.Conclusion: Having a negative birth experience could adversely affect women's fertility intentions, but in a pronatalist and medicalized birth culture, social pressures may decrease the effects of birth experiences on family planning.
For COPD, regulation of miR-515-5p by hsa_circ_0061052, acting via the FoxC1/Snail pathway, is involved in cigarette smoke-induced airway remodeling
Authors: Liu Qizhan , Ma Huimin , Lu Lu , Xiang Quanyong , Xia Haibo , Sun Jing , Xue Junchao , Xiao Tian , Cheng Cheng , Shi Aimin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
BackgroundRegulatory networks involving non-coding RNA (ncRNA) are involved in various lung diseases. The function of circular RNA (circRNA), a recently recognized type of ncRNA, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), has not been elucidated.MethodsWestern blots and cellular immunofluorescence are used to check molecular biological changes and molecular interactions in cells, bioinformatics tools and luciferase reporter genes are used to assess molecular binding relationships, immunohistochemical examination of mouse lung tissue-related proteins A mouse model of COPD was used to validate related concubine mechanisms.ResultsIn the present study, we aimed to determine whether hsa_circ_0061052 participates in the EMT of HBE cells and to elucidate its biological mechanism. Experiments with cultured cells and animals showed that exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or cigarette smoke (CS) induced the EMT and led to lung dysfunction and airway remodeling. For HBE cells and the lung tissues of CS-exposed mice, the expression of hsa_circ_0061052 was elevated. To verify the function of this circRNA, knocking it out in HBE cells reversed the CSE-induced EMT. We analyzed the regulatory relationship between hsa_circ_0061052 and miR-515-5p using bioinformatics, a luciferase reporter gene, and qRT-PCR. We found that hsa_circ_0061052 was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and acted as a sponge for miR-515-5p. Assays with a luciferase reporter gene showed that miR-515-5p binds to the 3'UTR region of FoxC1 mRNA to inhibit its transcription. For HBE cells, overexpression of miR-515-5p reversed the CSE-induced EMT. In addition, hsa_circ_0061052 regulated the expression of FoxC1/Snail by competitively binding to miR-515-5p. When an hsa_circ_0061052 siRNA and an miR-515-5p inhibitor were co-transfected into HBE cells, the effect of hsa_circ_0061052 siRNA in reducing the EMT was reversed by the inhibitor; in animal models, this effect was also evident.ConclusionExperiments relating to the mechanisms of COPD airway remodeling due to the hsa_circ_0061052/miR-515-5p/FoxC1/Snail axis point to a biomarker for COPD and provide a basis for clinical application.
Risk factors threatening health care facilities in disasters and emergencies
Authors: Pourmohammadi Behrad , Heydari Ahad , Fatemi Farin , Modarresi Ali 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Iran is exposed to a wide variety of natural and man-made hazards. Health care facilities can play a significant role in providing lifesaving measures in the minutes and hours immediately following impact or exposure. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors threatening the preparedness of health care facilities in disasters and emergencies. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Damghan, Semnan province in 2019. The samples consist of all the eleven health care facilities which are located in Damghan County. A developed checklist including 272 questions in four sections; understanding threatening hazards, functional, structural and non-structural vulnerability of health care facilities was used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using STATA 11 software. The risk factors were determined and prioritized based on mean and total vulnerability score. Results: The results showed that the health care facilities were exposed to 22 different natural and man-made hazards throughout the county. The overall preparedness of the health care centers was 45%. The average functional, structural, and nonstructural vulnerability was assessed at 40.58%, 45.12%, and 50%, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed an average preparedness of the health care facilities in the studied area. Conducting the mitigation measures is necessary for reducing the structural and non-structural vulnerability. Disaster educational programs and exercises are recommended among the health staff in order to increase the functional capacity and enhance the preparedness in the HCFs at time of emergencies and disasters.
Negative self-beliefs mediate the relationship between depression and suicide ideation among the elderly population: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Cheng Xinfeng , Bu He , Duan Wenjie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: High suicide risk among the aged population is a growing concern. Research has linked depression symptoms to suicidal ideation in the general population. The present study examines whether negative self-beliefs mediate the relationship between depression symptoms and suicide ideation.Methods: A sample of 67 elderly participants from nursing homes, ranging in age from 62 to 91 years (M = 80.00, SD = 6.67 years; three participants did not indicate the age), completed the Negative Self Belief Inventory, the Geriatric Suicide Ideation Scale, and the 7-item depression subscale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale.Results: The results show that the associations between depression symptom, negative self-beliefs and suicide ideation were positive (r = .44 - .52, p < .001). Depression symptoms contributed another 13.70% explained variances. It independently explained another 5.7% variances beyond other variables to suicide ideation after the entering of negative self-belief (B = 0.126, t = 2.183, p < .05). The indirect effect of depression symptoms on suicide ideation through negative self-belief was significant (Effect = 0.223, 95% BCa CI = [0.034, 0.468]).Conclusion: Depression predicts suicide ideation via negative self -beliefs. The current study, incorporated theoretical assumptions and empirical findings in the context of Chinese culture into western prevalent suicide theories. Treatments focusing on restructuring negative self-beliefs are promising to reduce suicide in older adults in China. Future studies should test whether the mechanism in our study can transcend national and cultural boundaries.
Association of socioeconomic variables with bullying, being a victim, life dissatisfaction, and poor self-rated health in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-V study
Authors: Qorbani Mostafa , Rarani Mostafa Amini , Kasaeian Amir , Djalalinia Shirin , Nouri Kourosh , Rastad Hadith , Motlagh Mohammad Esmaeil , Heshmat Ramin , Kelishadi Roya 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Bullying, being a victim of violent behaviors, life satisfaction (LS) and self-rated health (SRH) in children and adolescents, all have consistently been recognized as vital factors in school performance and future individual life. In this study we examined the association of some socioeconomic variables with bullying, being a victim, life dissatisfaction (LDS), and poor self-rated health (SRH) in Iranian children and adolescents.Methods This cross-sectional data secondary study was a part of the fifth Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-communicable disease (CASPIAN-V) in 2015. A total of 14,400 students 7-18 years and their parents living in 30 provinces in Iran were studied. A validated questionnaire of the World Health Organization on Global School-based Health Survey (WHO-GSHS) was used to measure the outcomes and socioeconomic variables. Family’s socioeconomic status (SES) was determined using principle component analysis (PCA).The crude and adjusted odds ratios (95%CI) were estimated using multiple logistic regression for each outcome.Results A total of 14,274 students (50.6% boys, 49.4% girls)) completed the study. The prevalence of bullying, being a victim, LDS, and poor SRH was 35.6%, 21.4%, 21.1%, and 19.0% respectively. In multiple-logistic regression analysis, mother illiteracy (versus college degree) increased the odds of bullying (Adj.OR (95%CI), 1.77(1.45-2.16), being a victim (Adj.OR (95%CI),1.58(1.26-1.98), LDS (Adj.OR (95%CI),1.64 (1.30-2.08)) and Poor-SRH (Adj.OR (95%CI), 1.60(1.25-2.04). Students with illiterate father(Adj.OR (95%CI), 1.28(1.03-1.61) or unemployed father (Adj.OR (95%CI),1.58(1.29-1.81)) had a higher odds of Poor-SRH. Moreover, family size > 4 members (Adj.OR (95%CI), 1.14(1.03-1.25), and low-SES (Adj.OR (95%CI), 1.35(1.15-1.56), and illiteracy of mother (Adj.OR (95%CI), 1.64(1.30-2.08) had direct association with LDS. Living in a two- parent family decreased the odds of LDS (Adj.OR (95%CI), 0.76(0.61—0.95).Conclusions Some socioeconomic variables can be proposed as the main attribution of bullying and being a victim, LDS, and Poor-SRH in children and adolescents.