bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD4+:CD8+ T-cell Ratio Changes in People with HIV Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment
Authors: Vivancos-Gallego Maria J , Okhai Hajra , Perez-Elías Maria J , Gomez-Ayerbe Cristina , Moreno-Zamora Ana , Casado Jose L , Quereda Carmen , Sanz Javier Martinez , Sanchez-Conde Matilde , Serrano-Villar Sergio , Campo Santos Del , Dronda Fernando , Galan Juan Carlos , Sabin Caroline A , Moreno Santiago 
Published: April 2020

Background Cofactors associated with persistently abnormal CD4+:CD8+ T-cell ratio in people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral treatment (ART) might change over time as the population of people with HIV ages or as new ART drugs become available. The main objective of our study was to determine the long-term associations of baseline factors, including the CD4+ T-cell count and ratio, with ratio normalization (≥1). In addition to this, we explored whether the ratio remained associated with the risk of both AIDS and non-AIDS events among individuals on suppressive ART. Methods Clinic-based study in a tertiary, university hospital in Madrid. People with HIV starting a first-line ART regimen (January 2006–June 2017) were included in a prospective national multicentre cohort (CoRIS). People with controlled HIV-infection within the first year of ART initiation and complete CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell records were selected. Cox proportional hazard (PH) regression models were used to estimate the cumulative incidence of ratio normalization and to examine associations with socio-demographic and clinical variables. To investigate factors independently associated with the development of AIDS and non-AIDS events we used a time updated Poisson regression model. Results The study included 557 subjects. During follow-up (median 5.24 years), 44% of participants achieved a ratio of 1 within a median of 1.49 years. In a multivariate PH model, pre-ART factors negatively associated with ratio normalization were the pre-ART CD4+:CD8+ T-cell ratio and mode of HIV acquisition. For the secondary analysis, 1.3 events/100 person years of follow-up were observed. After adjustment, older age, HIV RNA >200 copies/ml and CD4+:CD8+ T-cell ratios over follow-up, remained significantly associated with the development of AIDS and non-AIDS events. In contrast, pre-ART ratio was not associated with the risk of AIDS and non-AIDS events. Conclusions In summary, our study showed that higher pre-ART CD4+:CD8+ T-cell ratio is associated with rates of ratio normalization ≥1. In addition, the risk of AIDS and non-AIDS events seems to be predicted by the time updated CD4+:CD8+ T-cell ratio not by the pre-ART CD4+:CD8+ T-cell ratio. Therefore, CD4+:CD8+ T-cell ratio should be considered as a dynamic marker for translation into clinical practice.
Secreted Phospholipase A2 Group X Acts as an Adjuvant for Type 2 Inflammation, Leading to an Allergen-Specific Immune Response in the Lung
Authors: Ogden Herbert Luke , Lai Ying , Nolin James D. , An Dowon , Frevert Charles W. , Gelb Michael H. , Altemeier William A. , Hallstrand Teal S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) enzymes release free fatty acids, including arachidonic acid, and generate lysophospholipids from phospholipids, including membrane phospholipids from cells and bacteria and surfactant phospholipids. We have shown that an endogenous enzyme sPLA2 group X (sPLA2-X) is elevated in the airways of asthmatics and that mice lacking the sPLA2-X gene (Pla2g10) display attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness, innate and adaptive immune responses, and type 2 cytokine production in a model of airway sensitization and challenge using a complete allergen that induces endogenous adjuvant activity. This complete allergen also induces the expression of sPLA2-X/Pla2g10. In the periphery, an sPLA2 found in bee venom (bee venom PLA2) administered with the incomplete Ag OVA leads to an Ag-specific immune response. In this study, we demonstrate that both bee venom PLA2 and murine sPLA2-X have adjuvant activity, leading to a type 2 immune response in the lung with features of airway hyperresponsiveness and Ag-specific type 2 airway inflammation following peripheral sensitization and subsequent airway challenge with OVA. Further, the adjuvant effects of sPLA2-X that result in the type 2–biased OVA-specific adaptive immune response in the lung were dependent upon the catalytic activity of the enzyme, as a catalytically inactive mutant form of sPLA2-X does not elicit the adaptive component of the immune response, although other components of the immune response were induced by the inactive enzyme, suggesting receptor-mediated effects. Our results demonstrate that exogenous and endogenous sPLA2s play an important role in peripheral sensitization, resulting in airway responses to inhaled Ags.
A Complete Classification of 3-dimensional Quadratic AS-regular Algebras of Type EC
Authors: Matsuno Masaki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractClassification of AS-regular algebras is one of the main interests in noncommutative algebraic geometry. We say that a $3$-dimensional quadratic AS-regular algebra is of Type EC if its point scheme is an elliptic curve in $\mathbb {P}^{2}$. In this paper, we give a complete list of geometric pairs and a complete list of twisted superpotentials corresponding to such algebras. As an application, we show that there are only two exceptions up to isomorphism among all $3$-dimensional quadratic AS-regular algebras that cannot be written as a twist of a Calabi–Yau AS-regular algebra by a graded algebra automorphism.
ANALISIS PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN KEPALA SEKOLAH SMP NEGERI KABUPATEN DAN KOTA TANGERANG
Authors: Syafa’at Ariful Huda,  , Purwani Puji Utami  , Chairunnisa  , Illah Sailah  
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of managerial ability and creativity on headmaster’s decision making in Junior High School of Counties and Tangerang City.The research used survey method with path analysis applied in testing hypothesis. Technique of data collecting is using instrument from questionnaire. The number of 60 headmaster’s sample was selected by simple random sampling.The result of this research indicated that: 1) there is a direct positive effect of managerial ability to headmaster’s decision making, 2) there is a direct positive effect of creativity to headmaster’s decision making and 3) there is a direct positive effect of managerial ability to creativity.

Abstrak
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemampuan manajerial dan kreatifitas terhadap pengambilan keputusan kepala sekolah di SMP Negeri dan Kota Tangerang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan analisis jalur yang diterapkan dalam pengujian hipotesis. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen dari kuesioner. Jumlah sampel 60 kepala sekolah dipilih dengan simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) ada pengaruh positif langsung dari kemampuan manajerial terhadap pengambilan keputusan kepala sekolah, 2) ada pengaruh positif langsung kreatifitas terhadap keputusan kepala sekolah. membuat dan 3) ada efek positif langsung dari kemampuan manajerial terhadap kreatifitas
Kata Kunci: Pengambilan Keputusan, Kemampuan Manajerial dan Kreatifitas
ANALISIS KESALAHAN BERBAHASA INDONESIA SECARA SINTAKTIS DALAM PROSES DISKUSI SISWA KELAS IV SDN MIRI
Authors: Gio Mohamad Johan  , Yusrawati JR Simatupang  
Published: April 2020

This research is motivated by an Indonesian language mistake done by elementary school students, especially in the discussion process of fourth grade students of SDN Miri. This study aims to identify the various syntactical errors that occur in the process of student discussion. Methods in this study using qualitative descriptive method with the subject of fourth grade students of SDN Miri. Analytical technique used is technique of error analysis of language. The results of this study found that there are errors in Indonesian language in the process of discussion of fourth grade students of SDN Miri in the field of phrases and sentences.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kesalahan berbahasa Indonesia yang dilakukan oleh siswa sekolah dasar, khususnya dalam proses diskusi siswa kelas IV SDN Miri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi beragam kesalahan sintaksis yang terjadi dalam proses diskusi siswa. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian siswa kelas IV SDN Miri. Teknik analisis yang digunakan yakni teknik analisis kesalahan berbahasa. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa terdapat kesalahan berbahasa Indonesia dalam proses diskusi siswa kelas IV SDN Miri pada bidang frasa dan kalimat.
Kata kunci: Kesalahan Berbahasa, Sintaktis, Diskusi
PENINGKATAN SELF EFFICACY BELAJAR MAHASISWA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH
Authors: Chrisnaji Bahindra Yudha  
Published: April 2020

This study aims to improve students' self efficacy in mathematics education elementary school 2 using problem-based learning on PGSD students in 7D grade odd semester of academic year 2017/2018. This research is a collaborative classroom action research. The results showed that the problem-based learning model can improve students' self efficacy learning. Increased self-efficacy is indicated by self-study questionnaire score students learn from before given action. On the aspect of level 40,10% low category and increase until end of cycle equal to 89,25% with high category. Strenght aspect of 7.45% on pre-action and increased up to the end of cycle 86.45 and Aspects of Generality ie from 47.20% with low qualifications increased to 85.03% at the end of the cycle.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan self efficacy belajar mahasiswa pada matakuliah pendidikan matematika SD 2 menggunakan pembelajaran berbasis masalah pada mahasiswa PGSD kelas 7D semester ganjil tahun akademik 2017/2018.Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (classroom action research) secara kolaboratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dapat meningkatkan self efficacy belajar mahasiswa. Peningkatan self efficacy ditunjukan dengan Skor angket self efficacy belajar mahasiswa dari sebelum diberikan tindakan. Pada aspek level 40,10% kategori rendah dan meningkat sampai akhir siklus sebesar 89,25% dengan kategori tinggi. Aspek Strenght sebesar 7,45% pada sebelum tindakan dan meningkat sampai dengan akhir siklus 86,45 serta Aspek Generality yaitu dari 47,20% dengan kualifikasi rendah meningkat menjadi 85,03% pada akhir siklus.
Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah, Pendidikan Matematika SD 2, Self Efficacy
PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER BERBASIS BUDAYA DALAM MENGHADAPI TANTANGAN GLOBALISASI
Authors: Muhammad Sulhan  
Published: April 2020

The success of a nation is measured by the success of its young generation in the present and the future. Therefore the business in education is the main factor to form a young generation of character. Where quality and competence are the critical success factors. Globalization is where the world has no boundaries, and this is the reality that the world community must face. How to respond to globalization and modernization while maintaining the value of cultural values that characterize a society in a culture. Cultural character education is an approach that must be done so that development can run in accordance with the value of local wisdom value of quality and in accordance with the environment.

Abstrak
Keberhasilan suatu bangsa diukur dengan keberhasilan generasi mudanya di masa kini dan masa yang akan datang. Karenanya usaha dibidang pendidikan merupakan faktor utama untuk membentuk generasi muda yang berkarakter . Dimana kualitas dan kompentensi menjadi faktor penentu keberhasilan. Globalisasi adalah di mana dunia sudah tidak mengenal batas, dan ini adalah realita yang harus dihadapi masyarakat dunia. Bagaimana merespon globalisasi dan modernisasi dengan tetap mempertahankan nilai nilai budaya yang menjadi ciri suatu masyarakat dalam suatu egara.Pendidikan karakter berbasis kebudayaan adalah pendekatan yang harus dilakukan agar pembangunan dapat berjalan sesuai dengan nilai nilai kearifan lokal yang berkualitas dan sesuai dengan lingkungannya.
Kata Kunci: Pendidikan karakter, kearifan lokal dan globalisasi
PERMAINAN TRADISONAL “KAULINAN BARUDAK” UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERSIKAP EMPATI SISWA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Fajar Nugraha  , Riza Fatimah Zahrah  
Published: April 2020

Resolving disputes skills primary school students with their peers in Interaction implanted in school early. Also related with the skill of students for influence it give a positive response to their peers. Today, traditional games “kaulinan barudak” have been left by primary school-aged children .This study aims to to know about an increase in solving disputes skills and is able to provide a positive influence students of fifth grade between students who had conventional learning activities and students who had traditional games in learning activities. Method of research used quasi eksperimen Nonequivalent Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design type. Population in this research was all student of fifth grsde at Elementary School 3 Panawangan and 2 Panawangan. An instrument used in this research was structured observation , field notes , and documentation. Based on the findings in the class, the results of the study stated that solving disputes skills and is able to provide a positive influence students the average score class experiment superior to on the value student average class control and expressed there are significant differences. The outcome of this research giving the meaning of that solving disputes skills and is able to provide a positive influence students student of fifth grade in Elementary School 3 panawangan has been an increase in higher 16,25%.

Abstrak
Keterampilan menyelesaikan perselisihan siswa sekolah dasar dengan teman sebaya dalam interaksi di sekolah dapat ditanamkan sejak dini. Berkaitan juga dengan keterampilan siswa untuk memberikan pengaruh hal positif terhadap teman sebayanya. Dewasa ini seiring kemajuan teknologi permainan tradisional kaulinan barudak sudah banyak ditinggalkan oleh anak usia SD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauhmana peningkatan keterampilam menyelesaikan perselisihan dan mampu memberikan pengaruh positif siswa kelas V antara siswa yang kegiatan pembelajarannya konvensional dengan siswa yang kegiatan pembelajarannya menggunakan permainan tradisional. Metode penelitian menggunakan quasi eksperimen dengan bentuk Nonequivalent Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SDN 3 Panawangan dan SDN 2 Panawangan. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi terstruktur, catatan lapangan, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan temuan di lapangan, hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa keterampilan menyelesaikan perselisihan dan keterampilan untuk memberikan pengaruh positif kelas eksperimen lebih unggul dari pada kelas kontrol dan dinyatakan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan. Hasil penelitian tersebut memberikan arti bahwa keterampilan menyelesaikan perselisihan dan keterampilan untuk memberikan pengaruh positif siswa kelas V di SDN 3 Panawangan terjadi peningkatan lebih tinggi dengan peningkatan sebesar 16,25%.
Kata Kunci: Permainan Tradisonal “Kaulinan Barudak”, Keterampilan Sosial
EVALUASI PROGRAM IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM 2013 MATA PELAJARAN SEJARAH DI SMA NEGERI PANDEGLANG
Authors: M. Rosi Siumaparri Djadjas  , Kurniawati  , Umasih  
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this research is to obtain information comprehensively about the implementation of curriculum 2013 subjects history in SMA Negeri Pandeglang. This research uses CIPPmodel. The components that become the focus of this research are 1). Context, consist of program background, program constraints, feasibility study, 2). Inputh, consists of student, teachers, curriculum, infrastructure, financing, academic calender, 3). Process, consists of teacher copetence ;earningactivities in class 4). Product, consisting of sumatif value and formative value of leraners.This research uses qualitative methode combined with quantitative approach. The steps of the research begins by making evaluation criteria, the next stage of making the instrument research, making the instrument grille, data collection, data analysis and conclusions. The instrument validition test uses expert validation, and reliability test. Data collection techniques, using observation technique, interviews, documentation studies, and questionnaires. The result of reseearch show that context competent is in very good criteria, with 100% evaluation, 100 % input component is very good, 75 % good process component, and 100 % excellent product component. Thus, it can be concluded that the 2013 Curriculum implementation of history subjects can run very well.

Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh informasi secara komprehensif tentang pelaksanaan program implementasi kurikulum 2013 mata pelajaran sejarah di SMA Negeri Pandeglang. Penelitian ini menggunakan model CIPP. Komponen- Komponen yang menjadi fokus penelitian ini yaitu (1) context, terdiri dari latar belakang program, kendala program, studi kelaikan; (2) input, terdiri dari peserta didik, guru, kurikulum, sarana prasarana, pembiayaan, kalender akademik; (3) process, terdiri dari kompetensi guru, kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas; (4) product, terdiri dari nilai sumatif dan nilai formatif peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang dipadukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif.
Langkah-langkah penelitian diawali dengan membuat kriteria evaluasi, tahap selanjutnya membuat kisi-kisi instrument, membuat instrument penelitian, pengumpulan data, analisis data dan kesimpulan. Uji Validitas instrumen menggunakan triangulasi sumber data. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, studi dokumentasi, dan angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa komponen Context berada pada kriteria sangat baik dengan angka evaluasi 100%, komponen input 100 % sangat baik, komponen process 75 % baik, dan komponen product 100 % sangat baik.Sehingga, dapat disimpulkan bahwa impelemntasi Kurikulum 2013 mata pelajaran sejarah dapat berjalan dengan sangat baik dan efektif.
Kata Kunci: Evaluasi Program, CIPP, Kurikulum 2013 Mata Pelajaran Sejarah
Interest-Free Treasury Bonds (IFTB)
Authors: Bidabad Bijan 
Published: April 2020

Purpose: Although the treasury bill is the most important monetary instrument in central banking, its application in different phases of the business cycle, especially in a liquidity trap, is not working well. To remove this obstacle “Interest-Free Treasury Bond” (IFTB) is introduced as a substitute for conventional treasury bills.
Design: IFTB is a valuable paper which is issued by government treasury through a barter contract and is sold to central or commercial banks. The issuer is a debtor to the holder and has to pay back the nominal value at maturity; in addition, the issuer is committed to lending a similar amount of money to the paper holder for an equal period. Zero interest rate is nominated for lending and borrowing.
Finding: IFTB is a zero-coupon, asset-backed note with no interest and is designed upon “debt equal to future loan”, or “loan equal to future debt” with “time-withdrawal right”. The paper holder can supply and transact her bond in the secondary market at a competitive price.
Practical implication: It can be used as a substitute for conventional treasury bills. All conventional and non-usury systems can implement IFTB.
JEL: E43, E44, E52, E58, E62, E63
Supply Chain Management and MSMEs Growth in Developing Countries: A Focus on North Central Region of Nigeria
Authors: Okon Emmanuel Okokondem 
Published: April 2020

Today’s business environment for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) as well as large, global companies is more fluid and complex than ever before. Companies are adapting their supply chains to respond to increasingly competitive market conditions and to deliver higher revenue and greater value to their shareholders and customers. The study employed retrospective design. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling to arrive at the desired sample of the owners of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in selected states of the north-central Nigeria. The 5-point Likert scale was employed to allow for precise responses on some issues raised regarding their supply chain management. Given the data gathered and generally ranking the totality of the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in terms of least performance based on the indicators used, the result shows that the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises performed least on Total Delivered Cost followed by Operating Costs, Performance to Plan, Inventory, Supply Variability, Demand Variability, and Customer Service. In order to succeed, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria, particularly in the north-central states need to be able to increase inventory velocity, achieve the shortest possible cycle times, continually improve their supplier performance and drive their sales and market share.
Emergência de dar pra/de no domínio funcional da auxiliarização modal deôntica
Authors: Görski Edair Maria 
Published: April 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é buscar evidenciar, sincronicamente, o uso de dar pra/de como um “modal emergente” (KRUG, 2001) no domínio funcional da auxiliarização deôntica. Numa abordagem funcionalista da língua, são mobilizadas as noções: i) de gramaticalização (HOPPER; TRAUGOTT, 1993), considerando os princípios de camadas e de divergência (HOPPER, 1991) e o conceito de domínio funcional (GIVÓN, 1984, 2002); e ii) de modalidade (BYBEE et al., 1994; GIVÓN, 2001, 2005). Na descrição do funcionamento de dar pra/de INF, são consideradas tanto as alterações na configuração sintática da construção com reflexos no estatuto categorial do item, como o valor modal envolvido (possibilidade raiz, habilidade, manipulação). Dados de fala (Projeto VARSUL) sustentam a hipótese de surgimento de um “quasi-auxiliar” (HEINE, 1993) modal deôntico, bem como de variação com poder nesse domínio funcional, situando-se o fenômeno na interface gramaticalização-variação (POPLACK, 2011; GÖRSKI; TAVARES, 2017). PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gramaticalização. Domínio funcional. Variação. Modalidade deôntica; Auxiliarização.
Linkage between dust cycle and loess of the Last Glacial Maximum in Europe
Authors: Schaffernicht Erik Jan , Ludwig Patrick , Shao Yaping 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. This article establishes a linkage between the mineral dust cycle and loess deposits during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in Europe.
To this aim, we simulate the LGM dust cycle at high resolution using a regional climate–dust model.
The model-simulated dust deposition rates are found to be comparable with the mass accumulation rates of the loess deposits determined from more than 70 sites.
In contrast to the present-day prevailing westerlies, winds from northeast, east, and southeast (36 %) and cyclonic regimes (22 %) were found to prevail over central Europe during the LGM.
This supports the hypothesis that the recurring east sector winds associated with a high-pressure system over the Eurasian ice sheet (EIS) dominated the dust transport from the EIS margins in eastern and central Europe.
The highest dust emission rates in Europe occurred in summer and autumn.
Almost all dust was emitted from the zone between the Alps, the Black Sea, and the southern EIS margin.
Within this zone, the highest emission rates were located near the southernmost EIS margins corresponding to the present-day German–Polish border region.
Coherent with the persistent easterlies, westward-running dust plumes resulted in high deposition rates in western Poland, northern Czechia, the Netherlands, the southern North Sea region, and on the North German Plain including adjacent regions in central Germany.
The agreement between the climate model simulations and the mass accumulation rates of the loess deposits corroborates the proposed LGM dust cycle hypothesis for Europe.