bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Transferring a Poor Quality Embryo Along with a Good Quality Embryo on Pregnancy Outcomes in IVF/ICSI Cycles: a Retrospective Study
Authors: Aldemir Oya , Ozelci Runa , Baser Emre , Kaplanoglu Iskender , Dilbaz Serdar , Dilbaz Berna , Tekin Ozlem Moraloglu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background The number and the quality of embryos transferred are important predictors of success in in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. In the presence of more than one good quality embryo on the transfer day, double-embryo transfer (DET) can be performed with these embryos, but generally, different quality embryos are present in the available transfer cohort. We aimed to investigate the effect of transferring a poor quality embryo along with a good quality embryo on IVF outcomes.
Methods In this study, 2298 fresh IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles with two good quality embryos (group A), one good and one poor quality embryo (group B), and single good quality embryo (group C) transfers were examined. All groups were divided into two subgroups according to the transfer day as cleavage or blastocyst stage. Clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were the primary outcomes.
Results In the cleavage stage transfer subgroups, the clinical pregnancy rates were lower in the single-embryo transfer (SET) subgroup compared with DET subgroups, but the difference was not statistically significant compared with DET with mixed quality embryos. The live birth rates were comparable between the three groups. In the blastocyst transfer subgroups, the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were significantly higher in DET with two good quality embryos than DET with mixed quality embryos and SET groups. Multiple pregnancy rates were higher in both DET groups in terms of transfer day (p = 0.001).
Conclusion DET with mixed quality embryos results with lower clinical pregnancy and live birth rates compared with DET with two good quality embryos at the blastocyst stage. At cleavage stage transfer, there is no difference in live birth rates between the two groups.
Neue Antidiabetika
Authors: Johnson Victoria , Maack Christoph 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDiabetes steigert das Risiko für Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen und hat eine zunehmende Prävalenz. Die Therapie des Diabetes stellte bisher ein Dilemma dar, da viele Therapien zwar den Blutzucker, aber nicht kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse reduzierten. Erst Glukagon-like Peptid-1-Rezeptor-Agonisten (GLP1) und Natrium/Glukose-Cotransporter-2(SGLT2)-Inhibitoren senkten deutlich kardiovaskuläre Endpunkte, und SGLT2-Inhibitoren beugten darüber hinaus der Entwicklung einer Herzinsuffizienz vor. Die Glukosesenkung an sich ist daher nicht entscheidend für den Schutz vor Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen. Die neuen Leitlinien der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie stellen daher bei Patienten mit Diabetes und hohem kardiovaskulären Risiko die Verwendung von GLP1-Rezeptor-Agonisten und SGLT2-Inhibitoren der Behandlung mit Metformin voran. Die neuen Studiendaten eröffnen zudem neue metabolische Ansatzpunkte für die Behandlung von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen auch unabhängig vom Vorliegen
eines Diabetes.
Sarkopenie im Kontext von Insulinresistenz und Diabetes mellitus im Alter – Daten aus der Berliner Altersstudie II
Authors: Spira Dominik , Buchmann Nikolaus , Mai Knut , Bobbert Thomas , Spranger Joachim , Demuth Ilja , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 (T2DM) und Sarkopenie nehmen mit steigendem Alter in ihrer Prävalenz zu und können langfristig betrachtet jeweils zu erheblichen gesundheitlichen und funktionellen Einschränkungen führen. Während eine zunehmende Insulinresistenz bei abnehmender Muskelmasse plausibel erscheint, sind umgekehrt auch glukotoxische negative Effekte auf die Skelettmuskulatur im Sinne einer sekundären Sarkopenie denkbar. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den Zusammenhang zwischen Sarkopenie, Insulinresistenz und T2DM bei älteren Menschen zu untersuchen.
Methoden Untersucht wurden 1555 Probanden der Berliner Altersstudie II (BASE-II) mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 68 ± 4 Jahren. Die Diagnose T2DM wurde basierend auf der Anamnese sowie oralem Glukosetoleranztest und HbA1c-Wert nach ADA-Kriterien gestellt und die Insulinresistenz wurde via Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) und Insulinsensitivitätsindex nach Matsuda (ISI) eingeschätzt. Die appendikuläre Skelettmuskelmasse (ALM) wurde mittels Dual-Röntgen-Absorptiometrie (DXA) und eine Sarkopenie mithilfe der anhand des Body-Mass-Index (BMI) korrigierten Muskelmasse (ALM/BMI) nach den Cut-off-Werten des FNIH Sarcopenia Project bestimmt. Gruppenvergleiche wurden mittels Kruskal-Wallis-Test berechnet, und der Zusammenhang zwischen Diabetes mellitus und Sarkopenie bzw. ALM und Insulinresistenz wurde mittels geeigneter Regressionsmodelle überprüft.
Ergebnisse 25,2 % der insgesamt 160 Probanden mit T2DM hatten bereits eine Sarkopenie. Sarkopenisch-adipöse Probanden wiesen im Vergleich zu nur adipösen, nur sarkopenen oder weder adipösen noch sarkopenen Probanden im Median einen niedrigeren ISI und einen höheren HOMA-IR auf (jeweils p < 0,001). T2DM zeigte sich unabhängig assoziiert mit Sarkopenie (OR 3,293, 95 %-KI 1,984–5,466, p < 0,001), während nach Ausschluss bekannter Diabetiker eine höhere ALM mit einem höheren ISI (B 0,229, 95 %-KI 0,119–0,338; p < 0,001), nicht jedoch niedrigerem HOMA-IR (B –0,017, 95 %-KI –0,089–0,055; p = 0,640) einherging.
Diskussion Sarkopenie ist sowohl mit Insulinresistenz als auch T2DM assoziiert. Die Frage bzgl. der Kausalität ist aufgrund des querschnittlichen Designs der Studie nicht zu beantworten, jedoch sollte eine mögliche Rolle des T2DM als sekundäre Sarkopenieursache berücksichtigt und weiter untersucht werden. Im Hinblick auf mögliche Folgen erscheinen die Identifizierung von Risikopatienten mit kombiniertem Auftreten von Sarkopenie und Insulinresistenz und die Evaluation basaler präventiver Maßnahmen wie gezieltes körperliches Training und angepasste Ernährung ein weiterführendes sinnvolles Ziel.
Rosmarinic Acid Intravitreal Implants: A New Therapeutic Approach for Ocular Neovascularization
Authors: Vieira Lorena Carla , Moreira Carolina Paula de Souza , Castro Brenda Fernanda Moreira , Cotta Oliver Araújo Lacerda , Silva Luciana Maria , Fulgêncio Gustavo de Oliveira , Silva-Cunha Armando , Fialho Sílvia L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRosmarinic acid, a plant-derived compound with antiangiogenic activity, can be applied for the treatment of ocular diseases related to neovascularization, such as diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, and age-related macular degeneration. These diseases represent the leading causes of blindness worldwide if they are not properly treated. Intravitreal devices allow for localized drug delivery to the posterior segment, increasing the drug bioavailability and promoting extended release, thus, reducing side effects and enhancing the patientʼs compliance to the treatment. In this work, rosmarinic acid-loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid intraocular implants were developed with a view for the treatment of ocular neovascularization. Physical-chemical, biocompatibility, and safety studies of the implants were carried out in vitro and in vivo as well as an evaluation of the antiangiogenic activity in a chorioallantoic membrane assay. Data obtained showed that
rosmarinic acid released from the implants was quantified in the vitreous for 6 weeks, while when it was in the solution formulation, after 24 h, no drug was found in the vitreous. The delivery device did not show any sign of toxicity after clinical evaluation and in electroretinographic findings. Histological analysis showed normal eye tissue. Rosmarinic acid released from implants reduced 30% of new vesselʼs formation. The intravitreal implant successfully allowed for the prolonged release of rosmarinic acid, was safe to rabbits eyes, and demonstrated activity in vessel reduction, thus demonstrating potential in preventing neovascularization in ophthalmic diseases.
Unsymmetrical Heterocycle Cross-Couplings Enabled by Sulfur(IV) Reagents
Authors: Qin Tian , Zhou Min , Tsien Jet 
Published: August 2020

Whereas metal-mediated cross-couplings find broad applications in syntheses of medicines, agrochemicals, and natural products, these powerful transformations have limited utility for Lewis basic substrates (e.g., heteroarenes), wherein basic functionalities coordinate to the metal center, hindering product formation. In this context, we have developed a transition-metal-free cross-coupling reaction mediated by sulfur(IV). This method leverages the ability of simple alkyl sulfinyl(IV) chlorides to form bipyramidal sulfurane complexes to drive a pseudo ‘reductive elimination’ process from the hypervalent sulfur atom, thereby readily providing unsymmetrical biheteroarenes.1	Introduction2	Historical Sulfurane(IV)-Mediated Couplings3	Unsymmetrical Heterocycle Cross-Couplings4	Conclusion
The Effect of Increasing Fracture Site Stiffness on Bone–Pin Interface Stress and Foot Contact Pressure within the Equine Distal Limb Transfixation Cast: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Lescun Timothy B. , Adams Stephen B. , Nauman Eric A. , Breur Gert J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to determine how increasing stiffness of fracture site tissues distal to the pins in an equine distal limb transfixation cast influences stress at the bone–pin interface, within the bones distal to the transcortical pins, and contact pressure between the foot and the cast.Study Design A transfixation cast finite element model was used to compare the bone–pin interface stress, pin stress, bone stress distal to the pins and contact pressure between the foot and the cast, using six stiffness values for a composite tissue block representing progressive stages of fracture healing.Results Increasing stiffness of the composite tissue block resulted in a decrease in the maximum stresses at the bone–pin interface, an increase in stresses distal to the transcortical pins and a decrease in the maximum pin stresses. As the composite tissue block stiffness was increased, contact pressure between the bottom of the composite tissue block and the cast increased and the stress patterns surrounding the pin holes became less focal.Conclusion The findings of this study illustrate that with good foot to cast contact within a transfixation cast, increases in tissue stiffness due to progressive fracture healing are expected to reduce bone-pin interface stresses, and increase fracture site loading and stress. Increasing the contact pressure between the foot and the cast could reduce transfixation casting complications such as pin loosening, pin hole fracture and poor fracture healing, if these results transfer to ex vivo and in vivo settings.
Multiseptate Gallbladder in a Patient with Biliary Dyskinesia
Authors: Talalaev Michael , Tawil Ralph , Rios Humberto , Rey Jose , Zaman Huma , Blain-Maiza Samantha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBiliary dyskinesia due to a multiseptate gallbladder has been rarely described in literature. Septations within the lumen of the gallbladder can lead to bile resistance, causing symptoms of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. The majority of cases are due to congenital malformation during the development of the gallbladder. Ultrasound (US) is usually sufficient to make the diagnosis, although other imaging techniques can be used for confirmation. We present the case of a 60-year-old female who presented to the emergency room (ER) with biliary pain due to septations in the lumen of her gallbladder.
TheαβTCR mechanosensor exploits dynamic ectodomain allostery to optimize its ligand recognition site
Authors: Hwang Wonmuk , Mallis Robert J. , Lang Matthew J. , Reinherz Ellis L. 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceαβT cell receptors (TCRs) recognize antigenic peptide bound to major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) molecules with exquisite sensitivity. An emerging concept is thatαβTCR functions as a mechanosensor whereby the complex between its ligand-binding TCRαβheterodimer and pMHC increases the bond lifetime under physiological-level force, the so-called catch bond. This study reveals the physical mechanism for catch bond behavior. Multiple layers of control are identified, including the dynamics of interfacial contacts, and the motion and geometry of the four subdomains of TCRαβ, all of which are influenced by the load applied to the TCRαβ-pMHC complex. These findings shall contribute to understanding the TCR mechanobiology and shall assist with design of future TCR-based immunotherapies.
The use of machine learning in digital processing of satellite images applied to coffee crop
Authors: da Jonathan , de Marcelo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Remote sensing can be used to monitor and estimate, with reasonable correct answers, the yield, plant health, and coffee nutrition. Satellite-coupled sensors can obtain information about the spectral signature of the crop, on a time scale, in order to monitor and detect phenological changes. However, the accumulation of data obtained by orbital sensors makes it difficult to understand the relationship between the aspects of coffee. Thus, machine learning can perform data mining and meet the spectral signature patterns that constitute coffee behavior. This literature review sought the survey of research that used machine learning tools applied in digital image processing from satellites for coffee crop monitoring.
Organisers’ knowledge and opinion towards the flemish legislation of noise exposure at music festivals
Authors: Keppler Hannah , Heyse Julie , Degeest Sofie , Vinck Bart 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
During leisure-time activities, young people expose themselves regularly to sound levels that may hamper the auditory system. In Flanders (Belgium), there is a noise legislation for indoor and outdoor music venues whereby a distinction is made into three categories of maximum allowable sound levels and accompanying measures. The aim of the current study was to investigate the knowledge and personal opinion of organisers of music festivals regarding this noise legislation.

Methods
An online questionnaire was answered by 36 music festival organisers.

Results
In general, the categories of (non-)classified facilities with maximum allowable sound levels and accompanying measures were not well known by the respondents. Most respondents were moderately prepared to apply the noise legislation at music festivals and most of them indicated the noise legislation is moderately financially feasible and very logistically feasible. The correctness of the answers to some knowledge questions was significantly different between the degree of being informed, the perception of intelligibility of the received information, and the financial and logistical feasibility of the noise legislation.

Conclusions
Compliance with the noise legislation at music venues should be further investigated, along with a refreshing of the information that was made available to increase knowledge and awareness of the risks of noise exposure among organisers of music events.
Lack of association between contralateral inhibition of otoacoustic emissions and vowel formant discrimination in noise
Authors: Mertes Ian B. , Johnson Kristin M. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex enhances neural encoding of signals in noise, and measurement of its function may hold clinical utility. Previous research on how the reflex aids speech-in-noise perception has been equivocal. Motivated by animal work, we examined associations between MOC reflex activity and formant discrimination in noise in humans to better understand how the MOC reflex contributes to audition. We hypothesised that participants with stronger MOC reflex activity would have better formant discrimination in noise abilities.

Method
Twenty-six normal-hearing listeners met all inclusion and exclusion criteria (mean age = 21.5 years), with data from 25 participants included in the final analysis. Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) were measured in right ears. MOC reflex activity was assessed using a contralateral inhibition paradigm in which the change in TEOAE amplitude without versus with a contralateral MOC reflex elicitor was computed. Formant discrimination thresholds for a synthetic vowel /[Latin Small Letter Open E]/ were obtained in right ears using a two-alternative forced-choice procedure that adaptively varied the second formant frequency. Discrimination thresholds were obtained at three signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs).

Results
TEOAE amplitudes were significantly reduced in the presence of the reflex elicitor (p < .05). Discrimination thresholds decreased significantly with increasing SNR (p < .05 in all cases). No significant correlations were found between contralateral inhibition measures and discrimination thresholds at any SNR (p > .05 in all cases).

Conclusion
Contrary to hypothesis, no significant associations were found between contralateral inhibition and formant discrimination in noise performance. It is possible that the MOC reflex contributes to formant discrimination but not in a monotonic fashion. Future work should consider investigating how the MOC reflex contributes to other perceptual properties to better characterise the functional relevance of the MOC reflex.
Hyper-differential sensitivity analysis for inverse problems constrained by partial differential equations
Authors: Sunseri Isaac , Hart Joseph , van Bloemen Waanders Bart , Alexanderian Alen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
High fidelity models used in many science and engineering applications couple multiple physical states and parameters. Inverse problems arise when a model parameter cannot be determined directly, but rather is estimated using (typically sparse and noisy) measurements of the states. The data is usually not sufficient to simultaneously inform all of the parameters. Consequently, the governing model typically contains parameters which are uncertain but must be specified for a complete model characterization necessary to invert for the parameters of interest. We refer to the combination of the additional model parameters (those which are not inverted for) and the measured data states as the ‘complementary parameters’. We seek to quantify the relative importance of these complementary parameters to the solution of the inverse problem. To address this, we present a framework based on hyper-differential sensitivity analysis (HDSA). HDSA computes the derivative of the solution of an inverse problem with respect to complementary parameters. We present a mathematical framework for HDSA in large-scale PDE-constrained inverse problems and show how HDSA can be interpreted to give insight about the inverse problem. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method on an inverse problem by estimating a permeability field, using pressure and concentration measurements, in a porous medium flow application with uncertainty in the boundary conditions, source injection, and diffusion coefficient.
Control of phase formation of (AlxGa1 − x)2O3 thin films on c-plane Al2O3
Authors: Hassa Anna , Wouters Charlotte , Kneiß Max , Splith Daniel , Sturm Chris , von Wenckstern Holger , Albrecht Martin , Lorenz Michael , Grundmann Marius 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the growth of orthorhombic and monoclinic (Al
x
Ga1 − x
)2O3 thin films on (00.1) Al2O3 by tin-assisted pulsed laser deposition is investigated as a function of oxygen pressure p(O2) and substrate temperature

T

g

. For certain growth conditions, defined by

T

g

≥ 580°C and p(O2) ≤ 0.016 mbar, the orthorhombic κ-polymorph is stabilized. For

T

g

=  540°C and p(O2) ≤ 0.016 mbar, the κ-, and the β-, as well as the spinel γ-polymorph coexist, as illustrated by XRD 2θ-ω-scans. Further employed growth parameters result in thin films with a monoclinic β-gallia structure. For all polymorphs, p(O2) and

T

g

affect the formation and desorption of volatile suboxides, and thereby the growth rate and the cation composition. For example, low oxygen pressures lead to low growth rates and enhanced Al incorporation. This facilitates the structural engineering of polymorphic, ternary (Al,Ga)2O3 via selection of the relevant process parameters. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of a κ - (Al0.13Ga0.87)2O3 thin film reveal a more complex picture compared to that derived from x-ray diffraction measurements. Furthermore, this study presents the possibility of controlling the phase formation, as well as the Al-content, of thin films based on the choice of their growth conditions.
Field-matter interactions of triangular apertures and lattices: symmetry breaking with frequency selection and polarization filtering
Authors: Kuan Wen-Hsuan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Interaction of electromagnetic (EM) waves with asymmetric triangular apertures and lattices are studied theoretically with analytical solutions and numerical simulations, where the physical symmetry and degeneracy are removed and the diffraction show distinct angular and spatial dependence on the incident EM-wave frequency. The center of the 0th-order diffraction spot for an asymmetric triangular aperture is off-axial and frequency-dependent, which is contrary to conventional symmetric apertures. For asymmetric triangular lattices, an incident wave of a given polarization state can be diffracted into several reflection and transmission modes determined by the EM frequency and lattice structures, and it is available to manipulate the number of diffraction orders as well as the EM-wave polarization and handedness. The theoretical simulations suggest that the asymmetric triangle apertures and lattices have the potential applications in angle-resolved wave scattering detectors, economic spectrum analyzers, tunable frequency filters, polarization beam splitters, and polarization controllers.
Skyrmion ground states of rapidly rotating few-fermion systems
Authors: Palm L , Grusdt F , Preiss P M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We show that ultracold fermions in an artificial magnetic field open up a new window to the physics of the spinful fractional quantum Hall (FQH) effect. We numerically study the lowest energy states of strongly interacting few-fermion systems in rapidly rotating optical microtraps. We find that skyrmion-like ground states with locally ferromagnetic, long-range spin textures emerge. To realize such states experimentally, rotating microtraps with higher-order angular momentum components may be used to prepare fermionic particles in a lowest Landau level. We find parameter regimes in which skyrmion-like ground states should be accessible in current experiments and demonstrate an adiabatic pathway for their preparation in a rapidly rotating harmonic trap. The addition of long range interactions will lead to an even richer interplay between spin textures and FQH physics.