bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin A deficiency and its treatment in captive Sunda pangolins
Authors: Zhang Fuhua , Min Yue , Yu Yishuang , Xu Na , Wang Wenhua , Wu Shibao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe high incidence of disease in captive pangolins is a major obstacle in pangolin‐conservation breeding programs. Therefore, elucidating pangolins’ susceptibility to disease is the key to conservation progress. At the Pangolin Research Base for Artificial Rescue and Conservation Breeding of South China Normal University (PRB‐SCNU), vitamin A deficiency was diagnosed in 14 captive Sunda pangolins. Typical eye signs included lacrimal eyes, keratopathy and a blank, milky orb. The afflicted pangolins were treated with vitamins A and D for 15–30 days; all individuals recovered. We report the detection and treatment of vitamin A deficiency in captive Sunda pangolins at the PRB‐SCNU. Our results could provide guidance for the future prevention and treatment of vitamin A deficiency and associated diseases in pangolin species, both to reduce the incidence of these diseases in captive pangolins and to aid conservation efforts.
TLR4 and CD14 trafficking and its influence on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory signaling
Authors: Ciesielska Anna , Matyjek Marta , Kwiatkowska Katarzyna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractToll-like receptor (TLR) 4 belongs to the TLR family of receptors inducing pro-inflammatory responses to invading pathogens. TLR4 is activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) of Gram-negative bacteria and sequentially triggers two signaling cascades: the first one involving TIRAP and MyD88 adaptor proteins is induced in the plasma membrane, whereas the second engaging adaptor proteins TRAM and TRIF begins in early endosomes after endocytosis of the receptor. The LPS-induced internalization of TLR4 and hence also the activation of the TRIF-dependent pathway is governed by a GPI-anchored protein, CD14. The endocytosis of TLR4 terminates the MyD88-dependent signaling, while the following endosome maturation and lysosomal degradation of TLR4 determine the duration and magnitude of the TRIF-dependent one. Alternatively, TLR4 may return to the plasma membrane, which process is still poorly understood. Therefore, the course of the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses depends strictly on the rates of TLR4 endocytosis and trafficking through the endo-lysosomal compartment. Notably, prolonged activation of TLR4 is linked with several hereditary human diseases, neurodegeneration and also with autoimmune diseases and cancer. Recent studies have provided ample data on the role of diverse proteins regulating the functions of early, late, and recycling endosomes in the TLR4-induced inflammation caused by LPS or phagocytosis ofE. coli.In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of the internalization and intracellular trafficking of TLR4 and CD14, and also of LPS, in immune cells and discuss how dysregulation of the endo-lysosomal compartment contributes to the development of diverse human diseases.
Pilferer, murderer of innocents or prey? The potential impact of killer shrimp (Dikerogammarus villosus) on crayfish
Authors: Roje Sara , Švagrová Kateřina , Veselý Lukáš , Sentis Arnaud , Kouba Antonín , Buřič Miloš 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFreshwater ecosystems worldwide are facing the establishment of non-native species, which, in certain cases, exhibit invasive characteristics. The impacts of invaders on native communities are often detrimental, yet, the number and spread of non-native invasive species is increasing. This is resulting in novel and often unexpected combinations of non-native and native species in natural communities. While the impact of invaders on native species is increasingly well-documented, the interactions of non-native invaders with other non-native invaders are less studied. We assessed the potential of an invasive amphipod, the killer shrimpDikerogammarus villosus(Sowinsky, 1894), to cope with other established invaders in European waters: North American crayfish of the Astacidae family—represented by signal crayfishPacifastacus leniusculus(Dana, 1852), and the Cambaridae family—represented by marbled crayfishProcambarus virginalisLyko, 2017. The main goal of this study was to investigate if killer shrimp, besides their role as prey of crayfish, can significantly influence their stocks by predating upon their eggs, hatchlings and free-moving early juveniles. Our results confirmed that killer shrimp can predate on crayfish eggs and hatchlings even directly from females abdomens where they are incubated and protected. As marbled crayfish have smaller and thinner egg shells as well as smaller juveniles than signal crayfish, they were more predated upon by killer shrimp than were signal crayfish. These results confirmed that the invasive killer shrimp can feed on different developmental stages of larger freshwater crustaceans and possibly other aquatic organisms.
Between two stools? Pharmacologists nominated for Nobel prizes in “physiology or medicine” and “chemistry” 1901–1950 with a focus on John Jacob Abel (1857–1938)
Authors: Pohar Michael , Hansson Nils 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince the early stages of its academic professionalization, pharmacology has been an interdisciplinary field strongly influenced by the natural sciences. Using the Nobel Prize as a lens to study the history of pharmacology, this article analyzes nominations of pharmacologists for two Nobel Prize categories, namely “chemistry” and “physiology or medicine” from 1901 to 1950. Who were they? Why were they proposed, and what do the Nobel dossiers say about excellence in pharmacology and research trends? This paper highlights the evaluation of “shortlisted” candidates, i.e., those candidates who were of particular interest for the members of the Nobel Committee in physiology or medicine. We focus on the US scholar John Jacob Abel (1857–1938), repeatedly referred to as the “Founder of American Pharmacology.” Nominated 17 times in both categories, Abel was praised by his nominators for both basic research as well as for his influential positions as editor and his work as chair at Johns Hopkins University. The Abel nominations were evaluated for the Nobel Committee in chemistry by the Swedish professor of chemistry and pharmaceutics Einar Hammarsten (1889–1968), particularly interested in Abel’s work on hormones in the adrenal glands and in the pituitary gland. Eventually, Hammarsten did not view Abel’s work prizeworthy, partly because other scholars had done—according to Hammarsten—more important discoveries in the same fields. In conclusion, analyses of Nobel Prize nominations help us to better understand various meanings of excellence in pharmacology during the twentieth century and beyond.
Maximal Fluctuations Around the Wulff Shape for Edge-Isoperimetric Sets in $$\varvec{{\mathbb {Z}}^d}$$: A Sharp Scaling Law
Authors: Mainini Edoardo , Schmidt Bernd 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe derive a sharp scaling law for deviations of edge-isoperimetric sets in the lattice $${\mathbb {Z}}^d$$

Z

d

from the limiting Wulff shape in arbitrary dimensions. As the number n of elements diverges, we prove that the symmetric difference to the corresponding Wulff set consists of at most $$O(n^{(d-1+2^{1-d})/d})$$

O
(

n

(
d
-
1
+

2

1
-
d

)
/
d

)

lattice points and that the exponent $$(d-1+2^{1-d})/d$$

(
d
-
1
+

2

1
-
d

)
/
d

is optimal. This extends the previously found ‘$$n^{3/4}$$

n

3
/
4

laws’ for $$d=2,3$$

d
=
2
,
3

to general dimensions. As a consequence we obtain optimal estimates on the rate of convergence to the limiting Wulff shape as n diverges.
Preclinical evaluation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-based radioconjugates—new perspectives for folate receptor–targeted radionuclide therapy
Authors: Guzik Patrycja , Benešová Martina , Ratz Magdalena , Monné Rodríguez Josep M. , Deberle Luisa M. , Schibli Roger , Müller Cristina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The folate receptor (FR) is frequently overexpressed in a variety of tumor types and, hence, an interesting target for radionuclide therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new class of albumin-binding radioconjugates comprising 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) as a targeting agent and to compare their properties with those of the previously established folic acid-based [177Lu]Lu-OxFol-1.

Methods
[177Lu]Lu-6R-RedFol-1 and [177Lu]Lu-6S-RedFol-1 were investigated in vitro using FR-positive KB tumor cells. Biodistribution studies were performed in KB tumor-bearing mice, and the areas under the curve (AUC0 → 120h) were determined for the uptake in tumors and kidneys. [177Lu]Lu-6R-RedFol-1 was compared with [177Lu]Lu-OxFol-1 in a therapy study over 8 weeks using KB tumor-bearing mice.

Results
Both radioconjugates demonstrated similar in vitro properties as [177Lu]Lu-OxFol-1; however, the tumor uptake of [177Lu]Lu-6R-RedFol-1 and [177Lu]Lu-6S-RedFol-1 was significantly increased in comparison with [177Lu]Lu-OxFol-1. In the case of [177Lu]Lu-6S-RedFol-1, also the kidney uptake was increased; however, renal retention of [177Lu]Lu-6R-RedFol-1 was similar to that of [177Lu]Lu-OxFol-1. This led to an almost 4-fold increased tumor-to-kidney AUC0 → 120h ratio of [177Lu]Lu-6R-RedFol-1 as compared with [177Lu]Lu-6S-RedFol-1 and [177Lu]Lu-OxFol-1. At equal activity, the therapeutic effect of [177Lu]Lu-6R-RedFol-1 was better than that of [177Lu]Lu-OxFol-1, reflected by a slower tumor growth and, consequently, an increased median survival time (49 days vs. 34 days).

Conclusion
This study demonstrated the promising potential of 5-MTHF-based radioconjugates for FR-targeting. Application of [177Lu]Lu-6R-RedFol-1 resulted in unprecedentedly high tumor-to-kidney ratios and, as a consequence, a superior therapeutic effect as compared with [177Lu]Lu-OxFol-1. These findings, together with the absence of early side effects, make [177Lu]Lu-6R-RedFol-1 attractive in view of a future clinical translation.
18F-FDG PET/CT versus anatomic imaging for evaluating disease extent and clinical trial eligibility in Erdheim-Chester disease: results from 50 patients in a registry study
Authors: Kirchner Julian , Hatzoglou Vaios , Buthorn Justin B. , Bossert Dana , Sigler Allison M. , Reiner Anne S. , Ulaner Gary A. , Diamond Eli L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to [1] characterize distribution of Erdheim-Chester Disease (ECD) by 18F-FDG PET/CT and [2] determine the utility of metabolic (18F-FDG PET/CT) imaging versus anatomic imaging (CT or MRI) in evaluating ECD patients for clinical trial eligibility.

Methods
18F-FDG PET/CT and corresponding CT or MRI studies for ECD patients enrolled in a prospective registry study were reviewed. Sites of disease were classified as [1] detectable by 18F-FDG PET only, CT/MRI only, or both and as [2] measurable by modified PERCIST (mPERCIST) only, RECIST only, or both. Descriptive analysis was performed and paired t test for between-group comparisons.

Results
Fifty patients were included (mean age 51.5 years; range 18–70 years). Three hundred thirty-three disease sites were detected among all imaging modalities, 188 (56%) by both 18F-FDG PET and CT/MRI, 67 (20%) by 18F-FDG PET only, 75 (23%) by MRI brain only, and 3 (1%) by CT only. Of 178 disease sites measurable by mPERCIST or RECIST, 40 (22%) were measurable by both criteria, 136 (76%) by mPERCIST only, and 2 (1%) by RECIST only. On the patient level, 17 (34%) had mPERCIST and RECIST measurable disease, 30 (60%) had mPERCIST measurable disease only, and 0 had RECIST measurable disease only (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
Compared with anatomic imaging, 18F-FDG PET/CT augments evaluation of disease extent in ECD and increases identification of disease sites measurable by formal response criteria and therefore eligibility for clinical trials. Complementary organ-specific anatomic imaging offers the capacity to characterize sites of disease in greater anatomic detail.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03329274
Evaluation of Perioperative Intestinal Motility Using a Newly Developed Real‐Time Monitoring System During Surgery
Authors: Ogawa Maho , Namikawa Tsutomu , Oki Toyokazu , Munekage Masaya , Maeda Hiromichi , Kitagawa Hiroyuki , Dabanaka Ken , Sugimoto Takeki , Kobayashi Michiya , Sakata Osamu , Matsuda Kenichi , Hanazaki Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate perioperative intestinal motility using a novel bowel sound monitoring system in patients undergoing breast and neck surgery.Materials and methodsThis study enrolled 52 patients who underwent surgery for breast cancer, thyroid tumor, and parathyroid tumor at Kochi Medical School from May 2019 to June 2020. Perioperative bowel sound counts (BSCs) were recorded using a newly developed real‐time analysis system in the operating theater. Clinical information and BSC per minute (cpm) data during the preanesthetic, preoperative, operative, postoperative periods, and period in recovery room were obtained to compare between each period. The Mann–Whitney U and Pearson Chi‐square tests were used in data analysis.ResultsThe BSCs during the intraoperative period and postoperative period were significantly decreased compared to those during the preanesthetic period (0.07 cpm versus [vs.]. 1.4 cpm, P = 0.002 and 0.1 cpm vs. 1.4 cpm, P = 0.025, respectively). The preoperative BSC with a preanesthetic BSC < 1.4 was significantly lower than that with a preanesthetic BSC ≥ 1.4 (0.40 cpm vs. 1.78 cpm, P = 0.006). The preanesthetic, preoperative, and postoperative BSCs with an intraoperative BSC < 0.07 were significantly lower than those with an intraoperative BSC ≥ 0.07 (0.48 cpm vs. 2.83 cpm, P = 0.007; 0.40 cpm vs. 1.81 cpm, P = 0.008; and 0.07 cpm vs. 0.42 cpm, P = 0.006, respectively).ConclusionThe real‐time bowel sound analysis system demonstrated an inhibitory effect associated with anesthetic and surgical stress on intestinal motility as the BSC sequentially.
Cardiac magnetic resonance T2 mapping and feature tracking in athlete’s heart and HCM
Authors: Gastl Mareike , Lachmann Vera , Christidi Aikaterini , Janzarik Nico , Veulemans Verena , Haberkorn Sebastian , Holzbach Leonie , Jacoby Christoph , Schnackenburg Bernhard , Berrisch-Rahmel Susanne , Zeus Tobias , Kelm Malte , Bönner Florian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Distinguishing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) from left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) due to systematic training (athlete’s heart, AH) from morphologic assessment remains challenging. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of T2 mapping and deformation imaging obtained by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to discriminate AH from HCM with (HOCM) or without outflow tract obstruction (HNCM).

Methods
Thirty-three patients with HOCM, 9 with HNCM, 13 strength-trained athletes as well as individual age- and gender-matched controls received CMR. For T2 mapping, GRASE-derived multi-echo images were obtained and analyzed using dedicated software. Besides T2 mapping analyses, left ventricular (LV) dimensional and functional parameters were obtained including LV mass per body surface area (LVMi), interventricular septum thickness (IVS), and global longitudinal strain (GLS).

Results
While LVMi was not significantly different, IVS was thickened in HOCM patients compared to athlete’s. Absolute values of GLS were significantly increased in patients with HOCM/HNCM compared to AH. Median T2 values were elevated compared to controls except in athlete’s heart. ROC analysis revealed T2 values (AUC 0.78) and GLS (AUC 0.91) as good parameters to discriminate AH from overall HNCM/HOCM.

Conclusion
Discrimination of pathologic from non-pathologic LVH has implications for risk assessment of competitive sports in athletes. Multiparametric CMR with parametric T2 mapping and deformation imaging may add information to distinguish AH from LVH due to HCM.

Key Points
• Structural analyses using T2 mapping cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) may help to further distinguish myocardial diseases.
• To differentiate pathologic from non-pathologic left ventricular hypertrophy, CMR including T2 mapping was obtained in patients with hypertrophic obstructive/non-obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM/HNCM) as well as in strength-trained athletes.
• Elevated median T2 values in HOCM/HNCM compared with athlete’s may add information to distinguish athlete’s heart from pathologic left ventricular hypertrophy.
Effect of redox on Fe–Mg–Mn exchange between olivine and melt and an oxybarometer for basalts
Authors: Blundy Jon , Melekhova Elena , Ziberna Luca , Humphreys Madeleine C. S. , Cerantola Valerio , Brooker Richard A. , McCammon Catherine A. , Pichavant Michel , Ulmer Peter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Fe–Mg exchange coefficient between olivine (ol) and melt (m), defined as$${\text{Kd}}_{{{\text{Fe}}^{T} {-} {\text{Mg}}}}$$KdFeT-Mg = (Feol/Fem)·(Mgm/Mgol), with all FeTexpressed as Fe2+, is one of the most widely used parameters in petrology. We explore the effect of redox conditions on$${\text{Kd}}_{{{\text{Fe}}^{T} {-} {\text{Mg}}}}$$KdFeT-Mgusing experimental, olivine-saturated basaltic glasses with variable H2O (≤ 7 wt%) over a wide range offO2(iron-wüstite buffer to air), pressure (≤ 1.7 GPa), temperature (1025–1425 °C) and melt composition. The ratio of Fe3+to total Fe (Fe3+/∑Fe), as determined by Fe K-edge µXANES and/or Synchrotron Mössbauer Source (SMS) spectroscopy, lies in the range 0–0.84. Measured Fe3+/∑Fe is consistent (± 0.05) with published algorithms and appears insensitive to dissolved H2O. Combining our new data with published experimental data having measured glass Fe3+/∑Fe, we show that for Fo65–98olivine in equilibrium with basaltic and basaltic andesite melts,$${\text{Kd}}_{{{\text{Fe}}^{T} {-} {\text{Mg}}}}$$KdFeT-Mgdecreases linearly with Fe3+/∑Fe with a slope and intercept of 0.3135 ± 0.0011. After accounting for non-ideal mixing of forsterite and fayalite in olivine, using a symmetrical regular solution model, the slope and intercept become 0.3642 ± 0.0011. This is the value at Fo50olivine; at higher and lower Fo the value will be reduced by an amount related to olivine non-ideality. Our approach provides a straightforward means to determine Fe3+/∑Fe in olivine-bearing experimental melts, from whichfO2can be calculated. In contrast to$${\text{Kd}}_{{{\text{Fe}}^{T} {-} {\text{Mg}}}}$$KdFeT-Mg, the Mn–Mg exchange coefficient,$${\text{Kd}}_{{{\text{Mn}} {-} {\text{Mg}}}}$$KdMn-Mg, is relatively constant over a wide range of P–T–fO2conditions. We present an expression for$${\text{Kd}}_{{{\text{Mn}} {-} {\text{Mg}}}}$$KdMn-Mgthat incorporates the effects of temperature and olivine composition using the lattice strain model. By applying our experimentally-calibrated expressions for$${\text{Kd}}_{{{\text{Fe}}^{T} {-} {\text{Mg}}}}$$KdFeT-Mgand$${\text{Kd}}_{{{\text{Mn}} {-} {\text{Mg}}}}$$KdMn-Mgto olivine-hosted melt inclusions analysed by electron microprobe it is possible to correct simultaneously for post-entrapment crystallisation (or dissolution) and calculate melt Fe3+/∑Fe to a precision of ≤ 0.04.
Pachychoroid: current concepts on clinical features and pathogenesis
Authors: Castro-Navarro Veronica , Behar-Cohen Francine , Chang Woohyok , Joussen Antonia M. , Lai Timothy Y. Y. , Navarro Rafael , Pearce Ian , Yanagi Yasuo , Okada Annabelle A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The term “pachychoroid” refers to a newly described phenotype in which functional and structural choroidal changes are thought to play a key pathogenic role in a spectrum of related retinal disorders. A more detailed understanding of how the choroid is involved within this spectrum and a better knowledge of the most relevant clinical signs of the pachychoroid phenotype are important to differentiate these disorders from other retinal conditions. Our objectives are to provide a literature review of pachychoroid and the commonalities that may be present across pathologies included in the spectrum, and to provide details on the examination, monitoring, and management of these disorders.

Methods
We searched the PubMed web platform to identify relevant studies using the following keywords: pachychoroid, pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, pachychoroid neovasculopathy, aneurysmal type 1 neovascularization, focal choroidal excavation, peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome, vasculopathy pachysclera, pachychoroid geographic atrophy, and pachydrusen. We selected 157 publications and identified the most important features related to pachychoroid.

Results
The presence of hypertrophic or congested vessels in the choroid, not thickened choroid per se, under an area of reduced or absent choriocapillaris in the posterior pole seems to be the most salient feature of pachychoroid. However, other qualitative/quantitative features are needed to differentiate the uncomplicated pachychoroid from the pathological pachychoroid clinical spectrum, which may be associated with exudation, neovascularization, and/or retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor atrophy.

Conclusions
The most salient feature of pachychoroid appears to be the presence of large vessels under an area of reduced or absent choriocapillaris. Knowledge of the features and pathogenesis of the different disorders in the pachychoroid spectrum may assist in the management of patients.
Association between gastric Candida colonization and surgical site infections after high-level hepatobiliary pancreatic surgeries: the results of prospective observational study
Authors: Gyoten Kazuyuki , Kato Hiroyuki , Hayasaki Aoi , Fujii Takehiro , Iizawa Yusuke , Murata Yasuhiro , Tanemura Akihiro , Kuriyama Naohisa , Kishiwada Masashi , Mizuno Shugo , Usui Masanobu , Sakurai Hiroyuki , Isaji Shuji 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Aim
High-level hepatobiliary pancreatic (HBP) surgeries are highly associated with surgical site infections (SSIs), in which microorganisms have a significant role. In the present study, we investigated whether gastric Candida colonization had a significant role in SSIs after high-level HBP surgeries.

Methods
Between May 2016 and February 2017, the 66 patients who underwent high-level HBP surgeries were enrolled in the present study. The gastric juice was prospectively collected through nasogastric tube after general anesthesia induction and was incubated onto the CHROMagar Candida plate for the cultivation of various Candida species. First of all, we compared the incidence of SSIs according to the presence or absence of Candida species in gastric juice. Secondly, we evaluated the variables contributing to the development of SSIs by multivariate analysis. The protocol was approved by the medical ethics committee of Mie University Hospital (No.2987).

Results
Gastric Candida colonization was identified in 21 patients (group GC) and was not identified in the other 45 patients (group NGC). There were no differences in preoperative variables including compromised status, such as age, nutritional markers, complications of diabetes mellitus, and types of primary disease between the two groups. SSIs occurred in 57.1% (12/21) of group GC and in 17.8% (8/45) of group NGC, showing a significant difference (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed gastric Candida colonization as a significant risk factor of SSIs (OR 6.17, p = 0.002).

Conclusion
Gastric Candida colonization, which is not a result of immunocompromised status, is highly associated with SSIs after high-level HBP surgeries.

Trial registration
Japan Primary Registries Network; UMIN-CTR ID: UMIN000040486 (retrospectively registered on 22nd May, 2020).