bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinically relevant finite element technique based protocol to evaluate growing rods for early onset scoliosis correction
Authors: Shekouhi Niloufar , Dick David , Baechle Maxwell William , Kaeley Dilpreet Kaur , Goel Vijay K. , Serhan Hassan , Rawlinson Jeremy , Shaw Derek 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe emergence of distraction‐based growing rods has provided the means to reduce the progression of spinal deformity in early onset scoliosis (EOS). The current protocols for evaluating spinal implants (ie, ASTM‐F1717 and ISO‐12189) were developed for fusion/dynamic devices. These protocols do not feature long unsupported rod lengths subjected to distraction. Due to the unsuitability of the existing guidelines for the evaluation of growing rods, a new distraction‐based finite element protocol is presented herein for the first time.MethodA vertebrectomy (VO) model from current protocols was modified to accommodate multi‐spinal segments (ie, MS model) in which springs with appropriate stiffness were simulated in between the plastic blocks. To assess the efficacy of the protocol, two different computational studies were conducted: (a) compression‐bending (MS‐CB) with no distraction, and (b) distraction followed by compression‐bending (MS‐D + CB). In each study, the model with no axial connector (rods‐only) was modified to include a) 80‐mm long tandem (LT) connectors, and b) side‐by‐side (SBS) connectors. Stiffness and yield loads were calculated as per ASTM‐F1717 guidelines and compared with the corresponding VO models with no distraction. In the MS‐D + CB models, distraction was applied at the top block, stretching the spring‐block construct in a simulation of scoliosis surgery prior to locking the construct at the connector‐rods' interface.ResultsMS‐CB models predicted higher stiffness and yield loads, compared to the VO models. The locking mechanism produced pre‐existing stresses on the rod‐connector interface, which caused a shift in the location of high‐stress regions to the distraction site. Distraction led to a decrease in the construct's stiffness and yield load.DiscussionThe proposed protocol enables the simulation of clinical parameters that are not feasible in the F1717 models and predicted stress patterns in the hardware consistent with observed clinical failures.
Benchmarking the Performance of Electropolymerized Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) Electrodes for Neural Interfacing
Authors: Nikiforidis Georgios , Wustoni Shofarul , Routier Cyril , Hama Adel , Koklu Anil , Saleh Abdulelah , Steiner Nadia , Druet Victor , Fiumelli Hubert , Inal Sahika 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe development of electronics adept at interfacing with the nervous system is an ever‐growing effort, leading to discoveries in fundamental neuroscience applied in clinical setting. Highly capacitive and electrochemically stable electronic materials are paramount for these advances. A systematic study is presented where copolymers based on 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and its hydroxyl‐terminated counterpart (EDOTOH) are electropolymerized in an aqueous solution in the presence of various counter anions and additives. Amongst the conducting materials developed, the copolymer p(EDOT‐ran‐EDOTOH) doped with perchlorate in the presence of ethylene glycol shows high specific capacitance (105 F g−1), and capacitance retention (85%) over 1000 galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles. A microelectrode array‐based on this material is fabricated and primary cortical neurons are cultured therein for several days. The microelectrodes electrically stimulate targeted neuronal networks and record their activity with high signal‐to‐noise ratio. The stability of charge injection capacity of the material is validated via long‐term pulsing experiments. While providing insights on the effect of additives and dopants on the electrochemical performance and operational stability of electropolymerized conducting polymers, this study highlights the importance of high capacitance accompanied with stability to achieve high performance electrodes for biological interfacing.
Multicenter Validation of Metabolic Abnormalities Related to PSP According to the MDS‐PSP Criteria
Authors: Martí‐Andrés Gloria , van Bommel Liza , Meles Sanne K. , Riverol Mario , Valentí Rafael , Kogan Rosalie V. , Renken Remco J. , Gurvits Vita , van Laar Teus , Pagani Marco , Prieto Elena , Luquin M. Rosario , Leenders Klaus L. , Arbizu Javier 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt remains unclear whether the supportive imaging features described in the diagnostic criteria for progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) are suitable for the full clinical spectrum. The aim of the current study was to define and cross‐validate the pattern of glucose metabolism in the brain associated with a diagnosis of different PSP variants. A retrospective multicenter cohort study performed on 73 PSP patients who were referred for a fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography PET scan: PSP–Richardson's syndrome, n = 47; PSP–parkinsonian variant, n = 18; and progressive gait freezing, n = 8. In addition, we included 55 healthy controls and 58 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Scans were normalized by global mean activity. We analyzed the regional differences in metabolism between the groups. Moreover, we applied a multivariate analysis to obtain a PSP‐related pattern that was cross‐validated in independent populations at the individual level. Group analysis showed relative hypometabolism in the midbrain, basal ganglia, thalamus, and frontoinsular cortices and hypermetabolism in the cerebellum and sensorimotor cortices in PSP patients compared with healthy controls and PD patients, the latter with more severe involvement in the basal ganglia and occipital cortices. The PSP‐related pattern obtained confirmed the regions described above. At the individual level, the PSP‐related pattern showed optimal diagnostic accuracy to distinguish between PSP and healthy controls (sensitivity, 80.4%; specificity, 96.9%) and between PSP and PD (sensitivity, 80.4%; specificity, 90.7%). Moreover, PSP–Richardson's syndrome and PSP–parkinsonian variant patients showed significantly more PSP‐related pattern expression than PD patients and healthy controls. The glucose metabolism assessed by fluorodeoxyglucose PET is a useful and reproducible supportive diagnostic tool for PSP–Richardson's syndrome and PSP–parkinsonian variant. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A 27‐33 GHz compact medium power amplifier with pole‐tuning technique in 130 nm CMOS technology
Authors: Quan Xing , Luo Jiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article proposes a 27‐33 GHz compact medium power amplifier with pole‐tuning technique in 130 nm CMOS technology. The resonant frequencies of three stages are arranged appropriately by pole‐tuning technique to achieve wide bandwidth. π‐type network is employed for input matching and L‐type network is used for output matching. The measured results show the proposed amplifier has a peak gain of 12.5 dB at 30.2 GHz and a bandwidth of 6 GHz. The amplifier delivers an input 1‐dB gain compression point (IP1dB) of −4 dBm and a saturated output power (PSAT) of 11.7 dBm at 30 GHz. It consumes 42.72 mW with a core area of 412 × 215 μm2 and the input and output return losses are better than −10 dB.
Minimizing protection switching time in transport networks with shared mesh protection
Authors: Cho Choong‐hee , Ryoo Jeong‐dong 
Published: August 2020

SummaryShared mesh protection (SMP) protects service traffic on a working path and requires coordinated use of the shared resources on a protection path when the traffic is routed through the protection path. If there are many intermediate nodes on the protection path, the delay caused by the coordination at each node increases the protection switching time, resulting in losing more traffic. Considering the capacity of a link and the bandwidth required by the protection paths using that link, it appears that coordination is necessary. However, looking closely at the relationships with other links and their protection paths, there exist resources that may require no coordination at all. This observation leads to the fact that protection switching time can decrease when bypassing some intermediate nodes for coordination. This fact introduces an optimization problem, in which the objective is to exclude these resources as much as possible from the set of resources for which coordination is required. A sub‐problem is finding these excludable candidate resources. For both the main problem and the sub‐problem, which are NP‐hard, we propose a greedy algorithm and a branch‐and‐bound algorithm, respectively. The simulations show that the results using the proposed algorithms are near‐optimal. Furthermore, in an actual topology configured with the SMP environment, the protection switching time is improved by excluding resources for which coordination is not required, compared to the existing Optical Transport Network (OTN) SMP mechanism.
Improved interfacial properties of electrodeposited Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin‐film solar cells by a facile post‐heat treatment process
Authors: Hwang Sun Kyung , Park Jae‐Hyun , Cheon Ki Beom , Seo Se Won , Song Jeong Eun , Park Ik Jae , Ji Su Geun , Park Min‐Ah , Kim Jin Young 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin‐film solar cells offer various advantages including excellent optical and electrical properties, nontoxic and earth‐abundant raw materials, and a simple fabrication process. However, these devices suffer from a high deficit of the open‐circuit voltage (VOC), mainly caused by interface recombination, which increases with increasing surface roughness. In this study, to achieve a high VOC and enhance the overall device performance, an additional heat treatment process was introduced during the fabrication of co‐electrodeposited rough CZTSSe solar cells, and its effect on the photovoltaic properties was systematically investigated using various characterization techniques including diode analysis, transient photovoltage decay measurement, evaluation of the temperature dependency of the open‐circuit voltage, current–voltage and drive‐level capacitance profile analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. At the optimized post‐heat treatment (PHT) temperature of 200°C, a significant increase in the conversion efficiency (as high as 32%, from 7.11% to 9.40%) was observed owing to the change in the interfacial materials properties (i.e., higher conductivity and reduced interfacial nonradiative recombination), which in turn is a consequence of the diffusion of the Cd ions and the expansion of the Cu‐poor/Zn‐rich phase. The PHT‐applied CZTSSe device exhibited a high conversion efficiency close to the record‐high one reported for electrodeposited CZTSSe thin‐film solar cells. These findings confirm the potential of PHT to overcome the serious VOC deficit of CZTSSe device; moreover, this approach could possibly be extended to other device fabrication processes to achieve higher device performance and adopted to commercialization.
Registration of three soft red winter wheat germplasm lines with exceptional milling and cookie baking performance
Authors: Meier Nicholas A. , Malla Subas , Oakes Joseph C. , Murphy J. Paul , Baik Byung‐Kee , Chao Shiaoman , Griffey Carl A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe release of soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) germplasm lines VA11DH‐P46xTrib‐28 (Reg. no. GP‐1048, PI 691656), VA11DH‐P46xTrib‐99 (Reg. no. GP‐1049, PI 691657), and VA11DH‐P46xTrib‐103 (Reg. no. GP‐1050, PI 691658) is intended to provide breeders with genetic material having exceptional milling and baking quality performance. The quantitative nature of milling and baking performance makes improvement and early generation selection difficult. Marker assisted and genomic selection breeding schemes can be improved by introducing breeding material with superior end‐use quality and use of known predictive DNA markers. These three lines have acceptable agronomic performance with grain yields (4605–5733 kg ha−1) similar to or higher than those of Pioneer ‘26R46’ (4568 kg ha−1). The lines have exceptional milling and baking performance with mean flour yields (733–736 g kg−1), softness equivalence (550–573 g kg−1), flour protein (89–94 g kg−1), solvent retention capacity for lactic acid (1162–1189 g kg−1) and sodium carbonate (672–697 g kg−1), and cookie diameters (19.1–19.5 cm) that are better than or similar to (p < .05) those of Pioneer 26R46 (721 g kg−1, 531 g kg−1, 93 g kg−1, 1221 g kg−1, 703 g kg−1, and 18.9 cm).
Deadly Proteomes: A Practical Guide to Proteotranscriptomics of Animal Venoms
Authors: Walker Andrew A. , Robinson Samuel D. , Hamilton Brett F. , Undheim Eivind A. B. , King Glenn F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnimal venoms are renowned for their toxicity, biochemical complexity, and as a source of compounds with potential applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry. Polypeptides underlie much of the pharmacology of animal venoms, and elucidating these arsenals of polypeptide toxins—known as the venom proteome or venome—is an important step in venom research. Proteomics is used for the identification of venom toxins, determination of their primary structure including post‐translational modifications, as well as investigations into the physiology underlying their production and delivery. Advances in proteomics and adjacent technologies has led to a recent upsurge in publications reporting venom proteomes. Improved mass spectrometers, better proteomic workflows, and the integration of next‐generation sequencing of venom‐gland transcriptomes and venomous animal genomes allow quicker and more accurate profiling of venom proteomes with greatly reduced starting material. Technologies such as imaging mass spectrometry are revealing additional insights into the mechanism, location, and kinetics of venom toxin production. However, these numerous new developments may be overwhelming for researchers designing venom proteome studies. Here, the field of venom proteomics is reviewed and some practical solutions for simplifying mass spectrometry workflows to study animal venoms are offered.
Metal–organic framework‐based mixed‐matrixmembranes for gas separation: An overview
Authors: Winarta Joseph , Meshram Amogh , Zhu Feifei , Li Renjie , Jafar Hasan , Parmar Kunj , Liu Jichang , Mu Bin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) have been studied widely in the field of gas separation due to their potential to overcome performance barriers found in traditional polymeric membranes. Most polymeric membranes exhibit a trade‐off between permeation and selectivity, which has limited their development in many challenging separation applications. One solution to this issue utilizes the introduction of fillers into the polymer matrix to produce MMMs. Out of the many different fillers, metal–organic frameworks stand out as a promising candidate due to their highly tunable structure, molecular sieving effect, and superior compatibility with the polymer matrix. This review will provide an in‐depth look into the basic mechanisms of MMMs for gas separation and different approaches to model the permeation of gases through the membrane. In addition, challenges facing the field and recent research trends for MMMs will be discussed as well as their many applications for different gas separations. Finally, some insight on the future direction for MMMs will be covered, focusing on many intriguing opportunities and challenges that must be further explored to advance this technology.
Culture substrate-associated YAP inactivation underlies chondrogenic differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Yamashita Akihiro , Yoshitomi Hiroyuki , Kihara Shunsuke , Toguchida Junya , Tsumaki Noriyuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are a promising cell source for the creation of cartilage to treat articular cartilage damage. The molecular mechanisms that translate culture conditions to the chondrogenic differentiation of hiPSCs remain to be analyzed. To analyze the effects of culture substrates, we chondrogenically differentiated hiPSCs on Matrigel or laminin 511-E8 while holding the composition of the chondrogenic medium constant. Cartilage was formed from hiPSCs on Matrigel, but not on laminin 511-E8. On Matrigel, the hiPSCs were round and yes-associated protein (YAP) was inactive. In contrast, on laminin 511-E8, the hiPSCs were flat and YAP was active. Treating the laminin 511-E8 hiPSCs in a bioreactor caused cell aggregates, in which the cells were round and YAP was inactive. Subsequent culture of the aggregates in chondrogenic medium resulted in cartilage formation. Transient knockdown of YAP in hiPSCs around the start of chondrogenic differentiation successfully formed cartilage on laminin 511-E8, suggesting that the activation of YAP is responsible for the failure of cartilage formation from hiPSCs on laminin 511-E8. Consistently, the addition of YAP inhibitors to laminin 511-E8 hiPSCs caused partial cartilage formation. This study contributes to identifying the molecules that mediate the effects of culture substrates on the chondrogenic differentiation of hiPSCs as well as to developing clinically applicable chondrogenic differentiation methods.
Examining artifacts generated by setting Facebook Messenger as a default SMS application on Android: Implication for personal data privacy
Authors: Ntonja Morris , Ashawa Moses 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe use of mobile devices and social media applications in organized crime is increasingly increasing. Facebook Messenger is the most popular social media applications used globally. Unprecedented time is spent by many interacting globally with known and unknown individuals using Facebook. During their interaction, personal information is uploaded. Thus, crafting a myriad of privacy trepidation to users. While there are researches performed on the forensic artifacts' extraction from Facebook, no research is conducted on setting Facebook Messenger applications as a default messaging application on Android. Two Android mobile devices were used for data generation and Facebook Messenger account was created. Disc imaging and data partition were examined and accessed to identify changes in the orca database of the application package using DB browser. The data were then generated using unique words which were used for conducting key searches. The research discovered that mqtt_log_event0.txt of the Com.Facebook.orca/Cache directory stores chat when messenger is set as a default messaging app. The research finding shows that chats are recorded under messages tab together with SMS of data/data/com.facebook.orca/databases/smstakeover_db and data/data/com.facebook.orca/databases/threads_db. This indicates that only smstakeover_db stores SMS messaging information when using messenger application. It is observed that once the user deletes a sent SMS message, the phone number and the deleted time stamp remained in the data/data/com.facebook.orca/databases/smstakeover_db database in the address_table are recoverable. The results suggest that anonymization of data is essential if Facebook chats are to be shared for further research into social media content.
Langzeitergebnis nach akutem dialysepflichtigem Nierenversagen auf einer internistischen Intensivstation
Authors: Mizera L. , Dürr M. M. , Rath D. , Artunc F. , Gawaz M. , Riessen R. 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das akute dialysepflichtige Nierenversagen („dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury“ [AKI‑D]) ist eine häufige und schwerwiegende Komplikation bei intensivmedizinisch behandelten Patienten.

Fragestellung
Im Rahmen dieser Studie sollte untersucht werden, welchen Einfluss ein AKI‑D auf die Sterblichkeit von Intensivpatienten besitzt, bei welchem Anteil der überlebenden Patienten auch bei Entlassung noch ein Nierenersatzverfahren benötigt wird und wie sich dies auf die Langzeitmortalität und die längerfristige Notwendigkeit einer Dialysetherapie auswirkt.

Material und Methoden
Auswertung von 118 Patientenfällen mit AKI‑D zwischen November 2016 und Dezember 2017 auf einer internistischen Intensivstation am Universitätsklinikum Tübingen. Die Dialysefreiheit zum Entlasszeitpunkt und die 1‑Jahres-Mortalität wurden als primäre Endpunkte definiert. Den sekundären Endpunkt stellte die Dialysepflichtigkeit nach 18 Monaten dar.

Ergebnisse
Die Krankenausmortalität der Patienten mit AKI‑D betrug 45,8 % (54/118). Von den 64 überlebenden Patienten mit AKI‑D waren 41 (64,1 %) zum Zeitpunkt der Entlassung nicht mehr auf ein Nierenersatzverfahren angewiesen. Im Vergleich dazu war die 1‑Jahres-Mortalität bei den 23 (35,9 %) Patienten, bei denen zur Krankenhausentlassung noch eine Dialysepflicht bestand, signifikant höher (24,4 % vs. 60,9 %, p = 0,004). Eine Dialysepflichtigkeit 18 Monate nach Krankenhausentlassung bestand bei 7 Patienten (10,9 %). Zu diesem Zeitpunkt waren überwiegend noch Patienten von einer Dialyse abhängig, bei denen bereits zum Entlasszeitpunkt ein Nierenersatzverfahren notwendig war (71,4 % vs. 7,1 %, p = 0,001).

Schlussfolgerungen
Schwere AKI-Episoden, bei denen ein Nierenersatzverfahren auf einer Intensivstation notwendig wird, sind auch 1 Jahr bzw. 18 Monate nach Entlassung mit einer erhöhten Mortalität bzw. einer anhaltenden Dialysepflichtigkeit assoziiert.
Individuelle Gesundheitskompetenz von Lehrkräften und deren (Un)Sicherheit im Umgang mit chronisch erkrankten Schulkindern und Notfallsituationen
Authors: Hartmann Anja , Rückmann Jana , Tannen Antje 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundGesundheitskompetenz (GK) gilt als eine Schlüsseldeterminante im Hinblick auf die Gesundheitssicherung. Die Förderung von GK sollte so früh wie möglich beginnen, um späteren Gesundheitsrisiken vorzubeugen. Im Setting Schule haben Lehrkräfte hierbei eine zentrale Rolle, denn sie werden durch den Ganztagsschulbetrieb sowie die Inklusionsbestrebungen immer häufiger mit Gesundheitsproblemen Heranwachsender konfrontiert. Gleichwohl kann festgestellt werden, dass eine Vielzahl der Lehrkräfte selbst erhebliche Gesundheitsprobleme aufweist, u. a. bedingt durch hohe Arbeitsbelastungen.FragestellungIn dieser Arbeit wird das Niveau der GK von Lehrkräften ermittelt und ein möglicher Zusammenhang zwischen individueller GK der Lehrkräfte und deren Sicherheit im Umgang mit chronisch erkrankten Schulkindern untersucht.MethodenEs erfolgte eine Sekundärdatenanalyse von Daten aus einer quantitativen Befragung vonn = 420 Lehrkräften. Zur Selbsteinschätzung ihrer GK wurde der „European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire“ (HLS-EU-Q16) verwendet. Weiterhin erfolgten Korrelationsanalysen zwischen der GK und dem Grad der Unsicherheit im Umgang mit ausgewählten Gesundheitsproblemen.ErgebnisseMehr als die Hälfte der Befragten weist eine eingeschränkte GK auf. Gleichzeitig ist ein deutlicher Zusammenhang zwischen GK und der Sicherheit im Umgang mit chronisch erkrankten Schüler/‑innen festzustellen. Insbesondere im Umgang mit psychischer Gesundheit bestehen Unsicherheiten.DiskussionEs besteht eine Diskrepanz zwischen den Anforderungen an die Lehrkräfte im Hinblick auf die Bewältigung von Gesundheitsproblemen im Setting Schule und ihrer dafür benötigten Gesundheitskompetenz und Souveränität im Umgang mit chronischen und psychischen Beeinträchtigungen. Die genannten Aspekte können einen Einfluss auf die kindliche GK sowie die gesundheitliche Entwicklung der Heranwachsenden nehmen.