bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disentangling levels of mother–infant neuroendocrine attunement and longitudinal relations with maternal risk and protective factors
Authors: Laurent Heidemarie K. , Sbrilli Marissa , Dawson Danyelle , Finnegan Megan , Ramdas‐Neal Dawn 
Published: June 2020

AbstractScientific understanding of mother–infant HPA axis attunement has been limited by discrepant methods for assessing attunement that often conflate different levels of association. We sought to refine the conceptualization of attunement by investigating whether mother–infant cortisol attunement exists as coupling of response trajectories within an acute stress episode, separate from shared developmental patterns and/or overall dyadic similarity in cortisol levels, and whether the degree of attunement depends on within‐ or between‐dyad differences in maternal risk and protective factors. We examined these questions using a longitudinal study with mother/infant salivary cortisol during dyadic stressors at 6, 12, and 18 months postnatal. A three‐level hierarchical linear model showed that sample‐wide associations between mother and infant cortisol were not significant at any level, suggesting normative lack of attunement; however, there was significant variability in degree of attunement across dyads. Concurrent levels of family resources and social support satisfaction predicted lower mother–infant cortisol attunement within the session, and overall (mean) parenting stress predicted the opposite. Follow‐up analyses showed this was typically due to an increase in infants’ (but not their mothers’) within‐session cortisol response slopes with increasing support and decreasing stress. Implications for the role of mother–infant cortisol attunement in intergenerational stress transmission are discussed.
An uncontrolled pilot feasibility trial of an intuitive eating intervention for college women with disordered eating delivered through group and guided self‐help modalities
Authors: Burnette C. Blair , Mazzeo Suzanne E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveCollege women engage in high rates of disordered eating behaviors (DEBs), and most do not receive treatment. Campuses lack resources to meet this need, thus accessible and affordable treatment options are important. Intuitive eating (IE) is gaining mainstream interest, but intervention research is scarce, with no known clinical trials in college women. This uncontrolled pilot trial examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of an eight‐week IE intervention delivered through two potentially accessible and affordable modalities: group and guided self‐help (GSH).MethodRacially and ethnically diverse college women (N = 71; <50% White) were recruited from a large public Mid‐Atlantic university and randomized to group (n = 40) or GSH (n = 31). Assessments occurred at 0 (pre‐test), 8 (post‐test), and 16 weeks (follow‐up). Group participants attended eight weekly 1.5‐hour sessions. GSH participants engaged in self‐study and had eight weekly 20‐minute phone calls.ResultsBoth conditions demonstrated feasibility, with superior retention and attendance in GSH. Over 90% of those attending at least one session in either condition were retained through follow‐up. Both conditions were highly acceptable, and produced medium to large reductions in DEBs, body dissatisfaction, and weight‐bias internalization, and improvements in body appreciation, IE, and satisfaction with life from pre‐ to post‐test, which were maintained at follow‐up.DiscussionResults of this pilot are encouraging and support the development of a larger randomized controlled trial. Avenues for refinement include strategies to improve feasibility of the group condition, and conducting longer‐term follow‐up to examine maintenance of effects and the intervention's eating disorder prevention potential.
Genetic Diversity of the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii in Mulberry Based on the Mitochondrial COI Gene
Authors: Shao Hudie , Zhang Pan , You Chunping , Li Chuanren , Feng Yan , Xie Zhenwen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study explores the genetic diversity and structure of Meloidogyne enterolobii in mulberry in China. The COI mitochondrial gene (mtCOI) in M.enterolobii populations in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hunan Provinces was PCR‐amplified, sequenced, and analyzed for genetic diversity. The total number of variations, haplotypes (Hap), the average number of nucleotide differences (k), haplotype diversity (H), and nucleotide diversity (π) of mtCOI were 25, 11, 4.248, 0.900, and 0.00596, respectively. Insignificant differences in Fst value (0.0169) and a high level of gene flow (7.02) were detected among the 19‐mulberry root‐knot nematode populations, and high genetic variation within each population and a small genetic distance among populations were observed. Both phylogenetic analyses and network mapping of the 11 haplotypes revealed a dispersed distribution pattern of 19 mulberry root‐knot nematode populations and an absence of branches strictly corresponding to the 19 range sampling sites. The neutrality test and mismatch analysis indicated that mulberry root‐knot nematode populations experienced a population expansion in the past. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the genetic differentiation of M. enterolobii was mainly contributed by the variation within each group. No significant correlation was found between the genetic distance and geographical distance of M. enterolobii populations. The findings of this study provide a profound understanding of the M. enterolobii population and will inform the development of strategies to combat and manage root‐knot nematodes in mulberry.
Evolutionary tracking is determined by differential selection on demographic rates and density dependence
Authors: Vinton Anna Christina , Vasseur David Alan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent ecological forecasts predict that ~25% of species worldwide will go extinct by 2050. However, these estimates are primarily based on environmental changes alone and fail to incorporate important biological mechanisms such as genetic adaptation via evolution. Thus, environmental change can affect population dynamics in ways that classical frameworks can neither describe nor predict. Furthermore, often due to a lack of data, forecasting models commonly describe changes in population demography by summarizing changes in fecundity and survival concurrently with the intrinsic growth rate (r). This has been shown to be an oversimplification as the environment may impose selective pressure on specific demographic rates (birth and death) rather than directly on r (the difference between the birth and death rates). This differential pressure may alter population response to density, in each demographic rate, further diluting the information combined to produce r. Thus, when we consider the potential for persistence via adaptive evolution, populations with the same r can have different abilities to persist amidst environmental change. Therefore, we cannot adequately forecast population response to climate change without accounting for demography and selection on density dependence. Using a continuous‐time Markov chain model to describe the stochastic dynamics of the logistic model of population growth and allow for trait evolution via mutations arising during birth events, we find persistence via evolutionary tracking more likely when environmental change alters birth rather than the death rate. Furthermore, species that evolve responses to changes in the strength of density dependence due to environmental change are less vulnerable to extinction than species that undergo selection independent of population density. By incorporating these key demographic considerations into our predictive models, we can better understand how species will respond to climate change.
Influence of intra‐ and interspecific variation in predator–prey body size ratios on trophic interaction strengths
Authors: Cuthbert Ross N. , Wasserman Ryan J. , Dalu Tatenda , Kaiser Horst , Weyl Olaf L. F. , Dick Jaimie T. A. , Sentis Arnaud , McCoy Michael W. , Alexander Mhairi E. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Predation is a pervasive force that structures food webs and directly influences ecosystem functioning. The relative body sizes of predators and prey may be an important determinant of interaction strengths. However, studies quantifying the combined influence of intra‐ and interspecific variation in predator–prey body size ratios are lacking.

We use a comparative functional response approach to examine interaction strengths between three size classes of invasive bluegill and largemouth bass toward three scaled size classes of their tilapia prey. We then quantify the influence of intra‐ and interspecific predator–prey body mass ratios on the scaling of attack rates and handling times.

Type II functional responses were displayed by both predators across all predator and prey size classes. Largemouth bass consumed more than bluegill at small and intermediate predator size classes, while large predators of both species were more similar. Small prey were most vulnerable overall; however, differential attack rates among prey were emergent across predator sizes. For both bluegill and largemouth bass, small predators exhibited higher attack rates toward small and intermediate prey sizes, while larger predators exhibited greater attack rates toward large prey. Conversely, handling times increased with prey size, with small bluegill exhibiting particularly low feeding rates toward medium–large prey types. Attack rates for both predators peaked unimodally at intermediate predator–prey body mass ratios, while handling times generally shortened across increasing body mass ratios.

We thus demonstrate effects of body size ratios on predator–prey interaction strengths between key fish species, with attack rates and handling times dependent on the relative sizes of predator–prey participants.

Considerations for intra‐ and interspecific body size ratio effects are critical for predicting the strengths of interactions within ecosystems and may drive differential ecological impacts among invasive species as size ratios shift.
Cardiac involvement in a cross‐sectional cohort of myotonic dystrophies and other skeletal myopathies
Authors: Schmid Johannes , Beer Meinrad , Berghold Andrea , Stojakovic Tatjana , Scharnagl Hubert , Dieplinger Benjamin , Quasthoff Stefan , Binder Josepha S. , Rainer Peter P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsCardiac involvement in myopathies that primarily affect the skeletal muscle is variable and may be subtle, necessitating sensitive diagnostic approaches. Here, we describe the prevalence of cardiac abnormalities in a cohort of patients with skeletal muscle disease presenting at a tertiary care neuromuscular centre.Methods and resultsWe systematically investigated patients with skeletal myopathies and comprehensively analysed their cardiac phenotype including 24 h electrocardiogram, echocardiography with strain analyses, contrast‐enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and, if at increased risk of coronary artery disease, computed tomography coronary angiography. We prospectively screened 91 patients with diverse skeletal myopathies and enrolled 73 patients. The most pronounced cardiac involvement was present in patients with dystrophic myopathies (cardiac abnormalities in 59% of patients). We analysed myotonic dystrophies (n = 29) in more detail and found prolonged QRS (99.4 ± 15.6 vs. 91.5 ± 10.3 ms; P = 0.027) and QTc times (441.1 ± 28.1 vs. 413.0 ± 23.3 ms; P < 0.001) and increased left atrial size (27.28 ± 3.9 vs. 25.0 ± 3.2 mm/m2; P = 0.021) when compared with healthy controls. Left ventricular systolic function was reduced (ejection fraction < 55%) in 31% of myotonic dystrophies, while only 4% had an ejection fraction < 50%. Apical peak systolic longitudinal strain was slightly reduced (P = 0.023).ConclusionsScreening for cardiac involvement in the skeletal muscle disease seems prudent particularly in patients with dystrophic myopathies. In the subset of myotonic dystrophy patients, QRS and QTc times as well as myocardial strain may be useful parameters. Their potential for predicting cardiac adverse events needs further evaluation.
Utilizing environmentally friendly hyperbranched polyglycerol polymers to separate gasoline from deionized water
Authors: Elmobarak Wamda Faisal , Almomani Fares , Saad Mohammed Ali H Salah 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHyperbranched polyglycerol polymers (HPG) were synthesized, characterized, and used to separate gasoline from deionized water. The study indicates HPG as potentially effective materials for the recovery of oil from oil/water emulsion. High and low molecular weight HPG were synthesized using the cationic ring‐opening polymerization method and characterized by various methods including, NMR, Fourier transform infrared‐spectroscopy, DXR Raman microscope, carbon hydrogen and nitrogen analysis, gel permeation chromatography measurements, biodegradability, and toxicity testing. The prepared polymers are environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and are able to recover up to 90.30% of oil from oil/water emulsion under an optimized dose of 500 mg L−1 in 1 h. A higher rate of removal can be achieved by increasing the polymer dose up to 200 mg L−1, with a reaction time up to 3 h, and a maximum operating temperature of 60°C. The results of this study offer a simple and effective technology that can be applied for the removal of valuable products, increase the profitability for the oil and gas industry, and protect the environment. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radial glia in the zebrafish brain: Functional, structural, and physiological comparison with the mammalian glia
Authors: Jurisch‐Yaksi Nathalie , Yaksi Emre , Kizil Caghan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe neuroscience community has witnessed a tremendous expansion of glia research. Glial cells are now on center stage with leading roles in the development, maturation, and physiology of brain circuits. Over the course of evolution, glia have highly diversified and include the radial glia, astroglia or astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells, each having dedicated functions in the brain. The zebrafish, a small teleost fish, is no exception to this and recent evidences point to evolutionarily conserved roles for glia in the development and physiology of its nervous system. Due to its small size, transparency, and genetic amenability, the zebrafish has become an increasingly prominent animal model for brain research. It has enabled the study of neural circuits from individual cells to entire brains, with a precision unmatched in other vertebrate models. Moreover, its high neurogenic and regenerative potential has attracted a lot of attention from the research community focusing on neural stem cells and neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, studies using zebrafish have the potential to provide fundamental insights about brain development and function, and also elucidate neural and molecular mechanisms of neurological diseases. We will discuss here recent discoveries on the diverse roles of radial glia and astroglia in neurogenesis, in modulating neuronal activity and in regulating brain homeostasis at the brain barriers. By comparing insights made in various animal models, particularly mammals and zebrafish, our goal is to highlight the similarities and differences in glia biology among species, which could set new paradigms relevant to humans.
Comparing national practice versus standard guidelines for the use of adjuvant treatment following robotic surgery for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bates James E. , Hitchcock Kathryn E. , Mendenhall William M. , Dziegielewski Peter T. , Amdur Robert J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent historical management of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma typically includes radiotherapy with/without chemotherapy. Novel surgical techniques such as robotic surgery have made primary surgery more frequent; however, postoperative radiotherapy may be recommended. We aimed to assess adherence to guidelines for postoperative therapy following robotic surgery.MethodsUsing the National Cancer Database, we analyzed the frequency of radiotherapy following robotic surgery for cT1‐3cN0‐2cM0 squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, specifically in the presence of widely accepted indications for postoperative radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy.ResultsApproximately two‐thirds of patients received radiotherapy after robotic surgery for early‐intermediate stage oropharyngeal cancer. One in five patients with an indication for adjuvant radiotherapy and 1/3 with an indication for adjuvant chemotherapy did not receive recommended adjuvant therapy.ConclusionsA high proportion of patients require radiotherapy after robotic surgery for early‐intermediate stage oropharyngeal cancer. Patients with an indication for further adjuvant therapy commonly do not receive it.
Identifying predictors of HPV‐related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression and survival through patient‐derived models
Authors: Facompre Nicole D. , Rajagopalan Pavithra , Sahu Varun , Pearson Alexander T. , Montone Kathleen T. , James Claire D. , Gleber‐Netto Frederico O. , Weinstein Gregory S. , Jalaly Jalal , Lin Alexander , Rustgi Anil K. , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Califano Joseph A. , Pickering Curtis R. , White Elizabeth A. , Windle Bradford E. , Morgan Iain M. , Cohen Roger B. , Gimotty Phyllis A. , Basu Devraj 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTherapeutic innovation for human papilloma virus‐related (HPV+) head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) is impaired by inadequate preclinical models and the absence of accurate biomarkers. Our study establishes the first well‐characterized panel of patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs) and organoids from HPV+ HNSCCs while determining fidelity of the models to the distinguishing genetic features of this cancer type. Despite low engraftment rates, whole exome sequencing showed that PDXs retain multiple distinguishing features of HPV+ HNSCC lost in existing cell lines, including PIK3CA mutations, TRAF3 deletion and the absence of EGFR amplifications. Engrafted HPV+ tumors frequently contained NOTCH1 mutations, thus providing new models for a negatively prognostic alteration in this disease. Genotype‐phenotype associations in the models were then tested for prediction of tumor progression and survival in published clinical cohorts. Observation of high tumor mutational burdens (TMBs) in the faster‐growing models facilitated identification of a novel association between TMB and local progression in both HPV+ and HPV− patients that was prognostic in HPV− cases. In addition, reduced E7 and p16INK4A levels found in a PDX from an outlier case with lethal outcome led to detection of similar profiles among recurrent HPV+ HNSCCs. Transcriptional data from the Cancer Genome Atlas was used to demonstrate that the lower E2F target gene expression predicted by reduced E7 levels has potential as a biomarker of disease recurrence risk. Our findings bridge a critical gap in preclinical models for HPV+ HNSCCs and simultaneously reveal novel potential applications of quantifying mutational burden and viral oncogene functions for biomarker development.
Adaptive image denoising for speckle noise images based on fuzzy logic
Authors: Yu Jimin , Chen Long , Zhou Shangbo , Wang Limin , Li Hantao , Huang Saiao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSpeckle noise is a kind of ubiquitous noise in medical image, which will damage the texture structure of image and affect the analysis of image structure by doctors. Therefore, we propose an image denoising model based on fuzzy logic, which can eliminate speckle noise in the image well, improve the recognition of the image, and facilitate the acquisition of image information by doctors. The main work arrangement of the algorithm model is to design a membership function that can traverse the noise image and preprocess the noise image to make the image smooth. Then, a mask template of 5 × 5 is designed by the definition of g‐l calculus, and there is mainly an unknown parameter in this template. We design the functional relation between this parameter and the image gradient, which makes the model algorithm adaptive. Finally, the convolution operation is performed between the template and the smooth image. By comparison with the existing mainstream models, the overall denoising effect of this model is better than other models, and the relevant numerical indexes are better than other models. This model is an extension of the denoising model of fuzzy theory, which is beneficial to the future research and development.
Development of HFD‐Fed/Low‐Dose STZ‐Treated Female Sprague‐Dawley Rat Model to Investigate Diabetic Bone Fragility at Different Organization Levels
Authors: Sihota Praveer , Yadav Ram Naresh , Poleboina Sumathi , Mehandia Vishwajeet , Bhadada Sanjay Kumar , Tikoo Kulbhushan , Kumar Navin 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTType 2 diabetes (T2D) adversely affects the normal functioning, intrinsic material properties, and structural integrity of many tissues, and bone fragility is one of them. To simulate human T2D and to investigate diabetic bone fragility, many rodent diabetic models have been developed. Still, an outbred genetically normal nonobese diabetic rat model is not available that can better simulate the disease characteristics of nonobese T2D patients, who have a high prevalence in Asia. In this study, we used a combination treatment of high‐fat diet (4 weeks, 58% kcal as fat) and low‐dose streptozotocin (STZ; 35 mg/kg i.p. at the end of the fourth week) to develop T2D in female Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats. After 8 weeks of the establishment of the T2D model, the femoral bones were excised after euthanizing rats (animal age approximately 21 to 22 weeks; n = 10 with T2D, n = 10 without diabetes). The bone microstructure (μCT), mechanical, and material properties (three‐point bending, cyclic reference point indentation, nanoindentation), mean mineral crystallite size (XRD), bone composition (mineral‐to‐matrix ratio, nonenzymatic cross‐link ratio [NE‐xLR], Fourier transform‐infrared microspectroscopy), and total fluorescent advanced glycation end products were analyzed. We found that diabetic bone had reduced whole‐bone strength and compromised structural properties (μCT). The NE‐xLRs were elevated in the T2D group, and strongly and negatively correlated with postyield displacement, which suggests bone fragility was caused by a lack of glycation control. Along with that, the decreased mineral‐to‐matrix ratio and modulus, increased indentation distance increase, and wider mineral crystallite size in the T2D group were evidence that the diabetic bone composition and material properties had changed, and bone became weaker with a tendency to easily fracture. Altogether, this model simulates the natural history and metabolic characteristics of late‐stage T2D (insulin resistance and as disease progress develops, hypoinsulinemia) for nonobese young (and/or adolescent) T2D patients (Asians) and provides potential evidence of diabetic bone fragility at various organization levels. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.