bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Owning the Street
Authors: Thorpe Amelia 
Published: December 2020

How local, personal, and materially grounded understandings about belonging, ownership, and agency intersect with law to shape the city.
In Owning the Street, Amelia Thorpe examines everyday experiences of and feelings about property and belonging in contemporary cities. She grounds her account in an empirical study of PARK(ing) Day, an annual event that reclaims street space from cars. A highly recognizable example of DIY urbanism, PARK(ing) Day has attracted considerable media attention, but not close scholarly examination. Focusing on the event's trajectories in San Francisco, Sydney, and Montréal, Thorpe addresses this gap, making use of extensive fieldwork to explore these tiny, temporary, and yet often transformative urban interventions.
PARK(ing) Day is based on a creative interpretation of the property producible by paying a parking meter. Paying a meter, the event's organizers explained, amounts to taking out a lease on the space; while most “lessees” use that property to store a car, the space could be put to other uses—engaging politics (a free health clinic for migrant workers, a same sex wedding, a protest against fossil fuels) and play (a dance floor, giant Jenga, a pocket park). Through this novel rereading of everyday regulation, PARK(ing) Day provides an example of the connection between belief and action—a connection at the heart of Thorpe's argument. Thorpe examines ways in which local, personal, and materially grounded understandings about belonging, ownership, and agency intersect with law to shape the city. Her analysis offers insights into the ways in which citizens can shape the governance of urban space, particularly in contested environments.
The book's foreword is by Davina Cooper, Research Professor in Law at King's College London.
Effect of Aqueous Extract of Costus afer Stems on the Serum Proteins and Bilirubin Levels of High Fat Diet Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats
Authors: Chioma Anyiam C. , Albert Anyiam C. , Ijeoma Onyeneho R. 
Published: December 2020

Aim: The effect of aqueous extract of Costus afer stems on total protein, albumin,globulin, total and
conjugated bilirubin levels in diet induced hyperlipidemic rats were studied.
Methodology: Wistar albino male rats (100-135 g) were randomly distributed into 7 groups of 12 rats each. Group I was fed with standard diet as normal control rats and all the other groups were fed with high fat diet (10 g eggyolk/day) for 2 weeks. The plant extract was administered orally at different concentrations of 400, 800 and 1600mg/kg b.w alone and also in combination with the reference drug, Atorvastatin® (0.26mg) to the treatment groups for four weeks. The serum proteins and bilirubin were observed at specific intervals (2 weeks).
Results: The results revealed significant (p<0.05) increase in the total protein, albumin and globulin concentration after 2 weeks of feeding with high fat diet in rats which were in groups IV and V as compared to normal control rats. Treatment of rats with plant extract showed no significant difference in the total protein concentration of hyperlipidemic test rats while the albumin concentration of rats in group VII increased significantly when compared to the normal and hyperlipidemic control rats. There was no significant difference in the globulin concentration of hyperlipidemic treated rats. After 2nd and 4th week of treatment, the total bilirubin concentrations of rats in groups V and VI (HTR on aqueous extract, 1600 mg/kg and HTR on aqueous extract, 800 mg/kg) decreased significantly when compared with normal and hyperlipidemic control rats. After 2 weeks of treatment, the conjugate bilirubin concentration of rats in group VI (HTR on aqueous extract, 1600 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05) decreased when compared to the hyperlipidemic control rats.
Conclusions: Hence, this shows that Costus afer stem extract does not have any deleterious effect on tissues and on the analyzed parameters.
Endo-Parasites of Apparently Healthy Wild Birds in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Assam Assam, , Salamatu Abdu, , Abdu Paul, , Ezealor Augustine, 
Published: December 2020

Aims: Wildbirds interaction with poultry increases the likelihood of exchange of parasites between wild birds and poultry highlighting the need to understand wild bird endoparasites to reduce cross-infection at the wild bird-poultry interface. This study investigates the prevalence and diversity of endoparasites among wild birds in Kaduna State to provide baseline data on the wild birds' endoparasites which could be a source of infection to poultry.
Study Design: Wild birds in live wild bird markets, free-flying wild birds and semi-domesticated birds were the samples for endoparasites.
Place and Duration of Study: Birds were sampled in Kaduna State, Nigeria and the samples were analyzed at the helminthology laboratory of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria between April 2012 and December 2012.
Methodology: Wild birds faecal samples were examined for endoparasites by the simple flotation method.
Results: Of the 357 birds sampled, 36.4% were infected with at least one species of endoparasite. Charadriidae (7.1%) and Meleagris gallopavo (23.5%) had the lowest family and species prevalence respectively. Free flying, live poultry markets (LPM) and live wild bird markets (LWBM) birds had a prevalence of 39.1%, 37.2% and 34% respectively. The endoparasites identified were coccidia (30.5%), Ascaridia (5.9%), nematode larvae (0.8%), Capillaria (0.6%); Syngamus, Raillietinia and Trichuris (0.3% for each). There was a significant difference between the prevalence (p = 0.00), mean intensities (p = 0.00) and abundance (p = 0.01) of coccidia and Ascaridia. The prevalence of multiple infections was 2.0% representing 5.4% of infected birds. The study is first to report in Kaduna State, Nigeria of Trichuris in Anas platyrhynchos and Raillietina in Laniarius barbarous.
Conclusion: Wild birds in Kaduna State, Nigeria harbours endoparasites of economic significance to poultry and there is the need for more study of these wild birds’ endoparasites at the wild bird–poultry interface.
Spermicidal and Antibacterial Effects of Oncoba welwitschii Oliv. (Salicaceae)
Authors: Kabena Odette N. , Nyakembe Naomie E. , Amogu Jean Jacques D. , Asamboa Lionel S. , Lengbiye Emmanuel M. , Mboloko Justin E. , Mpiana Pius T. , Lukoki Félicien L. 
Published: December 2020

Aim: The aim of this work is to evaluate the spermicidal, antimicrobial activity of Oncoba welwitchii Oliv. This will justify its use on reproductive health especially in the occurrence of infertility and the imbalance of vaginal flora. Carried out at the Department of Biology of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Kinshasa, between January and May 2019, this study was initiated to determine the effect of the use of O. welwitchii Oliv. on human spermatozoa and vaginal microorganisms.
Methodology: The leaves of O. welwitchii Oliv. were collected and identified at University of Kinshasa. The spermicidal effect was performed by the Sander-Cramer method and antibacterial activity were evaluated by liquid dilution method.
Results: The results revealed that the juice of the leaves of O. welwitchii Oliv. have a spermicidal effect, as this juice reduce the initial mobility of the spermatozoids after 60 minutes of the exposure from 72±12% to 1±2% and their initial viability from 74±11% to 10±18%. This juice has shown bacteriostatic effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (MBC/MIC > 4) and bactericidal effects against Lactobacilus acidophilus (MBC/MIC ≤ 4).
Conclusion: This study gives additional information on the phytochemistry composition and a spermicidal effects of O. welwitchii Oliv. The spermicidal effects of this plant could be associated to its acidity.
It should be noted that to the best of our knowledge, no study on the phytochemistry of O. welwitchii Oliv. is available in the literature.
Impacts of Eating Behaviors of Pregnant and Lactating Women on the Nutritional Status of Children under 6 Months in the Lake-Chad Region
Authors: Mahamat Abdel-Aziz Ousmane , Sop Marie Modestine Kana , Makhlouf Himeda , Mananga Marlyne-Joséphine 
Published: December 2020

Background: Malnutrition causes real problems, especially for the survival and growth of children on the one hand and for the health of pregnant and lactating women on the other.
Purpose: The purpose of our study is to evaluate the impact of pregnant and lactating women's eating behaviors on the nutritional status of children under 6 months in the Lake Chad Region.
Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study of 380 patients including 106 pregnant women 137 lactating women and 137 children under 6 months of age identified in few hospitals and health centers in the Lake Chad Region was conducted from October 1 to November 30, 2017, using a questionnaire administered to pregnant and lactating women after their consent. The 24-hour recall and the frequency of consumption of the food groups allowed us to evaluate the food intake of the surveyed women. The nutritional status of mothers and children was assessed by anthropometric and biochemical measures. The data was analyzed using the SPSS version 20 software. The Chi-square test allowed us to establish the correlations between the different variables at a significance level set at 5%.
Results: This study found that only 8.5% and 10.9% of pregnant and lactating women respectively had satisfactory dietary diversity scores. The exclusive breastfeeding rate was 11.7% and the immediate initiation rate for breastfeeding after delivery was 50.4%. The children had 19% wasting, 31.4% stunting, 34.3% underweight and 56.4% anemia. Respectively, 34% and 29% of pregnant and lactating women were malnourished; 17% and 10.2% were at risk of malnutrition, with 60.6 % and 50% prevalence of anemia respectively.
Conclusion: The modifiable factors that significantly influenced the nutritional status of children were: maternal feeding behaviors such as low dietary diversity scores and daily meals lack of hygiene and sanitary follow-up, underweight and presence of children anemia in mothers.
Quantitative Assessment of Hydrolytic Potentials of Fungal Isolates from Crude Oil Impacted Soil Ecosystem in Varied Media Formulations
Authors: Madu J. M. , Ogbonna A. I. , Ogbonna C. I. C. 
Published: December 2020

Background of the Study: A quantitative assessment of different enzymes that produce the best of hydrolyses of starch, skim milk, carboxymathlcellulose (CMC) and groundnut oil which were further assessed for the production of extracellular enzyme.
Aim: The study aimed at assessing some of the fungal isolates for their abilities to produce the following hydrolytic enzymes; amylase, protease, cellulase and lipase using different medium. Material and Methods: About 19 fungal species associated with crude oil impacted soil ecosystem. Soil parameters taken were pH, organic matter, water holding capacity and moisture content. Analysis of variance were used to test the effects at statistical significance of P ≤ 0. 05 among the treatments and tukey post hoc tests were used to rank the means.
Results: A. fumigatus, A. niger, A.terreus and Basipetospora has the highest frequency of occurrence. A. fumigatus 2 has the highest amylase activity (80mm) while A. clavatus recorded the least (10mm) amylotic activity. A. fumigatus 2 recorded the highest hydrolytic zone of 66.67 mm, followed by A. fumigatus 3 (65 mm) and Curvularialunata which recorded 60mm, respectively. It was revealed that pH of polluted soil sample from the three plots were more acidic than the control (non-polluted soil) 4.81 and 5.72 for plot 1, 5.58 and 6.08 for plot 2 and 5.15 and 6.57 for plot 3 respectively. The water holding capacity, organic matter and moisture content in the polluted soil ranged from 15.02-17.27%, 7.34-8.99 mgkg-1 and 1.23-4.60%, respectively.
Conclusion: It was concluded that aspergillus species exhibited maximum hydrolytic potentials of the fungal isolates using different media formulations and these results could provide basic data for further investigations on molecular characterization of fungal extracellular enzymes.
Addressing Off-Centered Ball through Solder Paste Material Evaluation
Authors: Bacquian B. C. , Gomez F. R. , Jr. E. Graycochea , Gomez N. 
Published: December 2020

Stencil printing using solder paste material is one of the challenging processes in semiconductor assembly manufacturing. During evaluation of a semiconductor device, off-centered ball issue was encountered. The study aimed to mitigate the off-centered ball issue at stencil printing process by exploring the effect of different solder paste materials. Both solder paste materials were cured using the same reflow condition. However, solder paste material 1 (S1) resulted to cold solder joints while material 2 (S2) showed cured solder paste characteristic. With S2 material used in stencil printing, the off-centered ball occurrence was eventually eliminated. For future works, the solder paste material and configuration could be used for devices with similar requirement.
Assessment of Fluoride Release Pattern from Different Fluoride Varnishes – An in vitro Study
Authors: Sidhu Seerat , Thomas Abi M. , Kundra Ruchika , Cherian Joe Mathew 
Published: December 2020

Background: Since the time they were introduced, researchers have put in endeavours to better the delivery of the fluoride in the fluoride varnishes. With numerous fluoride varnishes accessible in the market today, each product claims of superior and enhanced properties. In the recent years, significant differences have been reported in these products in terms of cumulative amount as well as the amount of fluoride released.
Aim: To determine the fluoride release pattern of four different calcium-phosphate based 5% sodium fluoride varnishes.
Materials and Methods: This in vitro study was conducted at Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Christian Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India for 6 months. 75 non-carious premolar teeth were randomly divided into five groups and coated with a different coloured nail varnish except for a 3mm X 3mm window on the labial surface of the crown. Four groups received fluoride varnish coating on this window while the fifth group served as the control. The various fluoride varnishes tested included MI VarnishTM(containing CPP-ACP), ClinproTM White Varnish(containing f-TCP), EmbraceTM Varnish(containing xylitol coated calcium and phosphate) and Enamel Pro® Varnish(containing ACP).Thereafter, the 15 teeth of each group were placed together in a plastic container containing 50ml of artificial saliva. After 1 day, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months, the teeth were placed in a new plastic container containing 50ml of fresh artificial saliva while the previous saliva sample was assessed for the fluoride released in it through the SPADNS Method. The data was compiled by using Microsoft Excel 2010 SPSS version (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA).
Results: ClinproTM White Varnish exhibited the greatest cumulative fluoride release while MI VarnishTM exhibited the greatest substantivity at the end of 6 months. Three of the tested varnishes released increasing amounts of fluoride upto 3 months, thereafter, the values began to decline. Meanwhile, EmbraceTM Varnish released increasing amount of fluoride only upto one month, thereafter the values began to decline.
Conclusion: The varying excepient ingredients could be held accountable for the different fluoride release pattern of the studied on calcium phosphate based 5% sodium fluoride varnishes.
Neural networks‐based adaptive finite‐time prescribed performance fault‐tolerant control of switched nonlinear systems
Authors: Wang Xinjun , Niu Ben , Zhao Ping , Song Xinmin 
Published: December 2020

SummaryIn this article, the adaptive finite‐time fault‐tolerant control problem is considered for a class of switched nonlinear systems in nonstrict‐feedback form with actuator fault. The problem of finite‐time fault‐tolerant control is solved by introducing a finite‐time performance function. Meanwhile, the completely unknown nonlinear functions exist in the switched system are identified by the neural networks. Based on the common Lyapunov function method with adaptive backstepping technique, the finite‐time fault‐tolerant controller is designed. The proposed control strategy can guarantee that the tracking error converges to a prescribed zone at a finite‐time and all system variables remain semiglobally practical finite‐time stable. Numerical examples are offered to verify the feasibility of the theoretical result.
Recent Development of Recoverable MacMillan Catalyst in Asymmetric Organic Transformations
Authors: Deepa  , Singh Surendra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChiral imidazolidinone as an organocatalyst was developed by MacMillan and co‐workers in 2000 and they evaluated this organocatalyst originally in the enantioselective Diels‐Alder reaction. Later, this catalyst was used in a number of other asymmetric organic transformations. Chiral organocatalysts are expensive, therefore their recoverability and reusability are highly desirable to make the organic transformation economically viable for industrial application. Hence, the chiral imidazolidinone was modified and attached to different supports for its recoverability and reusability. A number of recoverable imidazolidinones have been reported in asymmetric Diels‐Alder reactions. In this review, we have summarized the reports on reusable and recoverable imidazolidinones (MacMillan catalysts) as organocatalysts in asymmetric organic transformations.magnified image
Asymmetry in fitness‐related traits of later‐generation hybrids between two invasive species
Authors: Li Chengjun , Ohadi Sara , Mesgaran Mohsen B. 
Published: December 2020

PREMISEThe importance of hybridization to invasion has been frequently discussed, with most studies focusing on the comparison of fitness‐related traits between F1 hybrids and their parents and the consequences of such fitness differences. However, relatively little attention has been given to late‐generation hybrids. Different fitness landscapes could emerge in later generations after hybrids cross with each other or backcross with their parents, which may play an important role in plant invasion and subsequent speciation.METHODSIn this study, artificial crosses were conducted to generate multiple generations, including F1, F2, and backcrosses between two invasive species: Cakile edentula (self‐compatible) and C. maritima (self‐incompatible). Putative hybrids were also collected in the sympatric zone and compared with their co‐occurring parents for phenotypic and genetic differences.RESULTSGenetic data provided evidence of hybridization happening in the wild, and phenotypic comparisons showed that natural hybrids had intermediate traits between the two species but showed more similarity to C. maritima than to C. edentula. The asymmetry was further identified in artificial generations for several phenotypic characters. Furthermore, backcrosses exhibited different patterns of variation, with backcrosses to C. maritima having higher reproductive output than their counterparts.CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that hybridization and introgression (backcrossing) in Cakile species is asymmetric and most likely to favor the proliferation of C. maritima genes in the mixed population and thus help its establishment, a finding that could not be predicted by characterizing F1 hybrids.
Cardiovascular disease in the World Trade Center Health Program General Responder Cohort
Authors: Sloan Nancy L. , Shapiro Moshe Z. , Sabra Ahmad , Dasaro Christopher R. , Crane Michael A. , Harrison Denise J. , Luft Benjamin J. , Moline Jacqueline M. , Udasin Iris G. , Todd Andrew C. , Teitelbaum Susan L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundOver 90,000 rescue and recovery responders to the September 2001 World Trade Center (WTC) attacks were exposed to toxic materials that can impair cardiac function and increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We examined WTC‐related exposures association with annual and cumulative CVD incidence and risk over 17 years in the WTC Health Program (HP) General Responder Cohort (GRC).MethodsPost 9/11 first occurrence of CVD was assessed in 37,725 responders from self‐reported physician diagnosis of, or current treatment for, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke and/or congestive heart failure from WTCHP GRC monitoring visits. Kaplan–Meier estimates of CVD incidence used the generalized Wilcoxon test statistic to account for censored data. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses estimated the CVD hazard ratio associated with 9/11/2001 arrival in responders with and without dust cloud exposure, compared with arrival on or after 9/12/2001. Additional analyses adjusted for comorbidities.ResultsTo date, 6.3% reported new CVD. In covariate‐adjusted analyses, men's CVD 9/11/2001 arrival risks were 1.40 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26, 1.56) and 1.43 (95% CI = 1.29, 1.58) and women's were 2.16 (95% CI = 1.49, 3.11) and 1.59 (95% CI = 1.11, 2.27) with and without dust cloud exposure, respectively. Protective service employment on 9/11 had higher CVD risk.ConclusionsWTCHP GRC members with 9/11/2001 exposures had substantially higher CVD risk than those initiating work afterward, consistent with observations among WTC‐exposed New York City firefighters. Women's risk was greater than that of men's. GRC‐elevated CVD risk may also be occurring at a younger age than in the general population.
NiSn Atomic Pair on an Integrated Electrode for Synergistic Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Xie Wenfu , Li Hao , Cui Guoqing , Li Jianbo , Song Yuke , Li Shijin , Zhang Xin , Lee Jin Yong , Shao Mingfei , Wei Min 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe development of efficient electrocatalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) remains a challenge. Demonstrated here is a NiSn atomic‐pair electrocatalyst (NiSn‐APC) on a hierarchical integrated electrode, which exhibits a synergistic effect in simultaneously promoting the activity and selectivity of the CO2RR to formate. The NiSn atomic pair consists of adjacent Ni and Sn, each coordinated with four nitrogen atoms (N4‐Ni‐Sn‐N4). The as‐prepared NiSn‐APC displays exceptional activity for the CO2RR to formate with a turnover frequency of 4752 h−1, a formate productivity of 36.7 mol h−1 gSn−1 and an utilization degree of active sites (57.9 %), which are superior to previously reported single‐atomic catalysts. Both experimental data and density‐functional theory calculations verify the electron redistribution of Sn imposed by adjacent Ni, which reduces the energy barrier of the *OCHO intermediate and makes this potential‐determining step thermodynamically spontaneous. This synergistic catalysis provides a successful paradigm for rational design and preparation of atomic‐pair electrocatalysts with enhanced performance.