bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Ultrasound in Bio-Treatment of Jute Yarn with Laccase Enzyme
Authors: Zolriasatein Ali A. 
Published: October 2019

Background and Objective:
Jute fiber is highly sensitive to the action of light.
Significant features of the photochemical changes lose its tensile strength and develop a yellow
color. It has been proved that the phenolic structure of lignin is responsible for the yellowing
of jute fiber. In order to remove lignin, jute yarns were treated with laccase enzyme
in different treatment times and ultrasonic powers. Lower whiteness index and higher yellowness
index values were obtained by the laccase-ultrasound system in contrast to conventional
laccase treatment.

Methods:
The laccase enzyme which entered the fibers by applying ultrasound, decreased
the tensile strength while the loss in tensile strength was lower at high ultrasound intensities.
FT-IR spectrum showed that the band at 1634 cm-1 assigned to lignin completely disappeared
after laccase treatment in the presence of ultrasound. The absence of this peak in the
laccase-ultrasound treated jute yarn suggests complete removal of lignin. Change in the
morphology of fibers was observed by SEM before and after enzymatic delignification. The
laccase-ultrasound treated yarns showed a rougher surface and more porosity. On the other
hand, it was more effective in fibrillation of the jute fibers than the conventional method. Finally,
bio-treated jute yarns were dyed with basic and reactive dyes.

Results:
The results indicated that at low intensities of ultrasound and relatively long reaction
times, lignin can be more effectively removed and dye strength (K/S) increased to a higher
extent. Laccase-ultrasound treatment increased the color strength by 33.65% and 23.40% for
reactive and basic dyes respectively.

Conclusion:
In the case of light fastness, the conventional laccase treated yarns provided
better protection than laccase-ultrasound treated yarns.
Бериллий как материал для термостойких рентгеновских зеркал
Authors: Чхало Н.И. , Зорина М.В. , Малышев И.В. , Пестов А.Е. , Полковников В.Н. , Салащенко Н.Н. , Казаков Д.С. , Мильков A.В. , Струля И.Л. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThermophysical and mechanical characteristics of beryllium are compared with the corresponding characteristics of promising materials that are used for fabrication of precision mirrors working under high-intensity electromagnetic irradiation. Advantages and prospects for application of beryllium in the third- and fourth-generation synchrotrons are discussed. An original method for fabrication of ultrasmooth surfaces of beryllium substrates is presented, and limiting roughnesses are reported. Reflectances at a wavelength of 13.5 nm are determined for a multilayer Mo/Si mirror deposited on the beryllium substrate. Prospects for improving quality of polishing of beryllium substrates are discussed.
Фазово-модулированный двухкомпонентный импульс в диспергирующей среде
Authors: Адамашвили Г.Т. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract A theory of optical two-component pulse of self-induced transparency in a dispersive medium has been developed. Using the generalized version of the perturbative expansion method, the system of material equations for an ensemble of two-level atoms and the wave equation in a dispersive medium are reduced to coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. A solution in the form of a phase-modulated two-component $$0\pi $$ pulse is obtained. The pulse components oscillate at the sum and difference frequencies in the vicinity of the carrier-wave frequency. Explicit analytical expressions for the parameters and formation conditions of a nonlinear wave, which depend on the dispersive properties of the medium, are presented. Known results are obtained for a particular case.
Clustering Insomnia Patterns by Data From Wearable Devices: Algorithm Development and Validation Study
Authors: Park Sungkyu , Lee Sang Won , Han Sungwon , Cha Meeyoung 
Published: October 2019

Background
As societies become more complex, larger populations suffer from insomnia. In 2014, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention declared that sleep disorders should be dealt with as a public health epidemic. However, it is hard to provide adequate treatment for each insomnia sufferer, since various behavioral characteristics influence symptoms of insomnia collectively.

Objective
We aim to develop a neural-net based unsupervised user clustering method towards insomnia sufferers in order to clarify the unique traits for each derived groups. Unlike the current diagnosis of insomnia that requires qualitative analysis from interview results, the classification of individuals with insomnia by using various information modalities from smart bands and neural-nets can provide better insight into insomnia treatments.

Methods
This study, as part of the precision psychiatry initiative, is based on a smart band experiment conducted over 6 weeks on individuals with insomnia. During the experiment period, a total of 42 participants (19 male; average age 22.00 [SD 2.79]) from a large university wore smart bands 24/7, and 3 modalities were collected and examined: sleep patterns, daily activities, and personal demographics. We considered the consecutive daily information as a form of images, learned the latent variables of the images via a convolutional autoencoder (CAE), and clustered and labeled the input images based on the derived features. We then converted consecutive daily information into a sequence of the labels for each subject and finally clustered the people with insomnia based on their predominant labels.

Results
Our method identified 5 new insomnia-activity clusters of participants that conventional methods have not recognized, and significant differences in sleep and behavioral characteristics were shown among groups (analysis of variance on rank: F4,37=2.36, P=.07 for the sleep_min feature; F4,37=9.05, P<.001 for sleep_efficiency; F4,37=8.16, P<.001 for active_calorie; F4,37=6.53, P<.001 for walks; and F4,37=3.51, P=.02 for stairs). Analyzing the consecutive data through a CAE and clustering could reveal intricate connections between insomnia and various everyday activity markers.

Conclusions
Our research suggests that unsupervised learning allows health practitioners to devise precise and tailored interventions at the level of data-guided user clusters (ie, precision psychiatry), which could be a novel solution to treating insomnia and other mental disorders.
Generating Medical Assessments Using a Neural Network Model: Algorithm Development and Validation
Authors: Hu Baotian , Bajracharya Adarsha , Yu Hong 
Published: October 2019

Background
Since its inception, artificial intelligence has aimed to use computers to help make clinical diagnoses. Evidence-based medical reasoning is important for patient care. Inferring clinical diagnoses is a crucial step during the patient encounter. Previous works mainly used expert systems or machine learning–based methods to predict the International Classification of Diseases - Clinical Modification codes based on electronic health records. We report an alternative approach: inference of clinical diagnoses from patients’ reported symptoms and physicians’ clinical observations.

Objective
We aimed to report a natural language processing system for generating medical assessments based on patient information described in the electronic health record (EHR) notes.

Methods
We processed EHR notes into the Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan sections. We trained a neural network model for medical assessment generation (N2MAG). Our N2MAG is an innovative deep neural model that uses the Subjective and Objective sections of an EHR note to automatically generate an “expert-like” assessment of the patient. N2MAG can be trained in an end-to-end fashion and does not require feature engineering and external knowledge resources.

Results
We evaluated N2MAG and the baseline models both quantitatively and qualitatively. Evaluated by both the Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation metrics and domain experts, our results show that N2MAG outperformed the existing state-of-the-art baseline models.

Conclusions
N2MAG could generate a medical assessment from the Subject and Objective section descriptions in EHR notes. Future work will assess its potential for providing clinical decision support.
PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE NORTHERN MOROCCAN SPECIES: WITHANIA FRUTESCENS L.
Authors: ABDELFATTAH EL MOUSSAOUI  , FATIMA ZAHRA JAWHARI  , DALILA BOUSTA  , AMINA BARI  
Published: October 2019

Objective: In this study, we were interested in qualitative, quantitative phytochemical characterization and evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of the total extracts of a plant from northern Morocco, the species selected for this study is Withania frutescens.
Materials and Methods: Analysis of mineral elements by inductive coupling plasma-atomic absorption spectroscopy (ICP-AES), phytochemical screening, polyphenol and tannin assays, evaluation of antioxidant activity by the 1,2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method and reducing power.
Results: The plant contains alkaloids, saponins, tannins, mucilages, and coumarins. It has a relatively high content of total polyphenols and tannins of 19.53±0.018 μg genetic generalized epilepsy/mg MS and 6.258±0.062 μg Eqcat/mg MS, respectively. The analysis of mineral elements by ICP-AES shows that our species is rich in mineral elements which are calcium, magnesium, and sodium, and it is devoid of metallic elements such as nickel, lead, cadmium, and cobalt. The evaluation of antioxidant activity by the DPPH free radical scavenging method shows that the half maximal inhibitory concentration of the tested extracts has an antiradical activity of about 0.056±0.008 μg/ml for the ethanol extract and 0.213±0.004 μg/ml for the methanol extract compared to the butylated hydroxytoluene value of 0.009±0.0004 μg/ml which was used as a reference. The reducing capacity test shows that methanolic extract has a high antioxidant capacity (0.213±0.006) compared to ethanolic extract (0.043±0.004) but remains low compared to ascorbic acid (0.003±0.0004) which was used as reference.
Conclusion: Phytochemical analysis of W. frutescens shows that this plant is rich in high quantities of alkaloids, saponins, mucilage, tannins, and coumarins. It contains an average amount of total polyphenols and tannins that confer significant antioxidant activity to the plant studied.
ALOE VERA: AN ASSURED WEIGHT LOSS DIET – AN APPROACH TOWARD IMPROVING THE JUICE PALATABILITY AND IN SILICO ANALYSIS
Authors: DISALVA X  , SHARANYA M  , MAHENDRAN RADHA  
Published: October 2019

Objective: Obesity is an epidemic disease act as causative for global death. The principal aim of this study is to create an obesity treatment beverage that is palatable and readily acceptable to the public. Aloe vera juice is one such drink known to assist in reducing obesity. This juice is sold at several places in Chennai and more easily available for morning walkers along the Marina beach. Although known for its benefits in promoting a slim and fit physique, its taste is less palatable. The objective of this study is to develop a concoction that will make the A. vera juice tasty without compromising its nutritive value.
Materials and Methods: The taste is achieved by the addition of various fruit juices such as orange, lime, sweet lime, muskmelon, and pineapple with honey and stevia for sweetening. The weight loss ability of the prepared drinks is evaluated using pancreatic lipase inhibitory and the presence of phytochemicals. To the credit, the present study also determines the efficiency of A. vera compounds for its antiobesity property through in silico techniques. The significant interaction exhibited by the compounds with the antiobesity target inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1 (IP6K1) was discussed.
Results: The recipe B containing orange juice: A. vera juice: stevia in the ratio 3:3:1 had good taste and the significant lipase activity. The phytochemicals present in the A. vera are tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and polyphenols, and these phytochemicals are observed having significant interaction with protein IP6K1. Aloin A and aloe emodin had significant Glide score and interactions with active site residues.
Conclusion: Natural herbal products for weight reduction may be effective in the treatment of obesity and associated disorders. The potential lipase inhibition activity of juice may be due to the presence of various phytochemicals such as flavonoids, polyphenol etc. in the Aloe vera.
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HARMONIZATION RECOMMENDED FORCED DEGRADATION STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW VALIDATED ISOCRATIC REVERSE-PHASE ULTRA HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF TELMISARTAN AND AMLODIPINE I
Authors: BISWA RANJAN PATRA  , MOHAN S  , NAGARAJ GOWDA  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this research work is to develop a simple, rapid, cost-effective, accurate, precise, and robust stability-indicating reversephase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method for the quantitative estimation of telmisartan (TEL) and amlodipine (AMD) in combined tablet dosage form.
Methods: The method uses Poroshell 120EC-C18 column (4.6 mm × 50 mm, 2.7 μm) with an optimized mobile phase containing acetonitrile:50 mM ammonium acetate buffer in the ratio (45:55 v/v), pH adjusted to 4.5 with acetic acid. The flow rate was 0.5 ml/min, column temperature at 25°C and detection was monitored by a PDA detector at a wavelength of 245 nm. International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) recommended stress degradation studies were performed on TEL, AMD standard drugs, and tablet formulations; further stressed samples were analyzed by the proposed method.
Results: Major degradation of TEL and AMD was observed under acidic, alkali, hydrolytic and oxidation conditions. The described method was validated as per the ICH guideline and validation parameters such as system suitability, linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, and robustness results were within acceptable limits.
Conclusion: The method was found to be suitable and accurate for quantitative estimation and stability study of title drugs in pharmaceutical preparations.
TOXICITY STUDIES OF A DEVELOPED NEPHROPROTECTIVE POLYHERBAL FORMULATION IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS
Authors: SASIKALA S  , KANNIKAPARAMESWARI N  
Published: October 2019

Objective: In the present study, acute toxicity studies were evaluated on scientifically developed nephroprotective polyherbal formulation. Polyherbal formulation consists of ethanolic extracts of dried plants of Boerhavia diffusa (BD) and Achyranthes aspera (AA).
Materials and Methods: In an acute toxicity study, polyherbal formulation was administered once orally at doses ranging from 250 mg/kg to 2000 mg/kg for 15 days. Body weight and food consumption were noted during the study period. Behavioral pattern and toxic effects were monitored in each group of animals daily. At the end of the study, blood was withdrawn for hematology and biochemical estimations. The animals were then sacrificed, and the liver, kidney, heart, and brain were dissected out which were observed for any gross morphological changes. The weights of organs were also noted.
Results: The results showed no changes in body weight, organ weight, food intake, hematological parameters, and liver function test when compared with control. The organs did not show any evidence of gross morphological changes.
Conclusion: It is concluded that developed polyherbal formulation, at a dose of 2000 mg/kg, is safe for long-term treatment of kidney disorders
ALTERING THE EXPRESSION OF P-GLYCOPROTEIN RESPONSIBLE FOR CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG RESISTANCE IN HEPG2 CELL LINE POST-TREATMENT WITH UREA AND β-MERCAPTOETHANOL
Authors: PROMA CHAKRABORTY  , MANI RAMAKRISHNAN  , KUMAR KM  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study is to alter the expression of p-glycoprotein (p-gp) pump proteins in HepG2 cells after treating with urea and β-mercaptoethanol (BME) (lead compounds). The most common cause for resistance to a broad range of anticancer drugs is influenced by overexpression of p-gp pumps that detect and eject anticancer drugs from the cancer cell. Altering the expression of these proteins will reduce the efflux action and enhance the drug retention eventually killing the cancer cell.
Materials and Methods: 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was carried out to measure the cell viability (HepG2 cells) post-treatment with the lead compounds followed by flow cytometric analysis for protein expression studies.
Results: MTT assay confirms that the viability of HepG2 cells reduces as the concentrations of the lead compounds are increased. Flow cytometric analysis confirms reduced p-gp expression in HepG2 cells post-treatment with urea and BME. Compare to BME, urea turns out to be a potential compound in altering the expression of p-gp.
Conclusion: The present cell line study confirms that urea and BME are potential compounds which are able to reduce the p-gp expression inHepG2 cells.
PREPARATION, PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION, AND PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY OF DOCETAXEL NANOCRYSTALS
Authors: ARVIND GANNIMITTA  , PRATHIMA SRINIVAS  , VENKATESHWAR REDDY A  , PEDIREDDI SOBHITA RANI  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The main objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate the nanocrystal formulation of docetaxel.
Methods: Docetaxel nanocrystals were formulated to improve the water solubility. Docetaxel nanocrystals were prepared by nanoprecipitation method using Tween 80, egg lecithin, and povidone C-12 as stabilizers and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as polymer in acceptable limits. A total of 16 formulations were prepared by changing stabilizer and polymer ratios. The prepared nanocrystals were characterized by particle size, zeta potential, crystalline structure, surface morphology, assay, saturation solubility, and in vitro drug release.
Results: Based on particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential data, four formulations were optimized. The formulation containing Tween 80 as stabilizer has shown lowest particle size and better drug release than the formulations containing egg lecithin and povidone C-12 as stabilizers. The formulation containing Tween 80 and PLGA has shown still lower sized particles than the Tween 80 alone and exhibited prolonged sustained drug release. The release kinetics of formulations containing Tween 80 and PLGA followed zero-order release kinetics and formulations containing egg lecithin and povidone C-12 followed Higuchi diffusion (non-Fickian).
Conclusion: From the study, we concluded that as the type and concentration of stabilizer changed the size and shape of the crystals were also changed and the formulations showed sustained drug release with non-Fickian diffusion.
MOSQUITO REPELLENT ACTION OF DURANTA PLUMIERI (VERBENACEAE) AGAINST CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS
Authors: PAYAL MITTAL  , MANISH GOSWAMI  , MONIKA AIRI  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the repellent activity of different extracts of Duranta plumieri against mosquito vector Culex quinquefasciatus.
Methods: Four different extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, and aqueous) of D. plumieri were evaluated for repellency test against mosquito vector C. quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) in comparison with diethyltoluamide (DEET), which was used as a positive control.
Results: Results showed that chloroform extract was the most effective against mosquito vector even at a low dose. A direct relationship was observed with different concentrations of D. plumieri extract and the repellent activity. Moreover, all the extracts showed highly significant level of repellency as compared to DEET at 10% dosage till 5 h of exposure. Among all of these, chloroform extract showed significant repellency at 5% dosage till 4 h.
Conclusion: Chloroform extract of D. plumieri has the potential as an effective mosquito repellent and further studies are needed to isolate the marker compound responsible for this activity.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN THE WHOLE PLANT EXTRACTS OF GLORIOSA SUPERBA
Authors: JOTHI CHIMAHALI  , ANJELIN JEBAMALAR  , GAJALAKSHMI DURAIKANNU  , SIVAKUMAR THIRUMAL  
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The aim of this research work was to carry out the phytochemical screening and to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the whole plant extract (shoot, flower, and tuber) of the flame lily (Gloriosa superba).
Materials and Methods: In the current work, phytochemicals were extracted from different parts of the plant using different solvents dimethyl sulfoxide, ethyl acetate, and ethanol (ETOH). These phytochemicals contained alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, aromatic acids, phenolic compounds, xanthoproteins, triterpenoids, amino acids, philobatinins, carbohydrate, reducing sugar, and proteins and they were separated using standard methods. Furthermore, antimicrobial activities of methanolic separation were determined using various species of bacteria and fungi. Agar well diffusion method was used for the antimicrobial activity and the zone of the inhibition was analyzed.
Results: The evaluation of preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts indicated the presence of carbohydrates, reducing sugars, proteins, amino acids, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and phlobatannins. Tuber extracts highlighted effective antibacterial and antifungal activities compared with shoot and flower extracts against all the tested bacteria and fungi. ETOH extract of the tuber observed highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (19 mm), followed by Escherichia coli (18 mm), Micrococcus luteus (17 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17 mm), and Salmonella abony (16 mm) when compared to shoot and flower extracts. G. superba tuber extracts highlighted effective antifungal activities compared with shoot and flower extracts against all the tested fungi. ETOH extract of the tuber observed highest antifungal activity against Rhizopus oryzae (20.17 mm), followed by Mucor Sp. (19.87 mm), Aspergillus niger (18.02), Candida krusei (17.98 mm), and Candida albicans (16.88 mm) as compared to shoot and flower extracts.
Conclusion: Results of the current studies flame lily ETOH extracts showed that the plant has significant antimicrobial activities. The strong antibacterial and antifungal activities of flame lily are due to the presence of tannins and flavonoids present in.