bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal Injury Detection Using Apple iOS-Based Application Technology
Authors: Hakimi Amir A. , Heidari Andrew E. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
To describe the feasibility of an attachment-free iOS-based cobalt blue light application to accurately detect corneal injury.

Methods:
Corneal epithelium from New Zealand White rabbits was removed by gentle scraping with a dulled scalpel or by using a classic biopsy punch (2 mm in diameter). Each cornea was then examined using a smartphone-enabled blue light after applying a fluorescein sodium ophthalmic strip. Photographs of each cornea before and after using the smartphone-based light were captured with a second smartphone device.

Results:
The iOS-based (Apple Inc., Cuptertino, CA) cobalt blue light effectively illuminated fluorescein dye in all ex vivo samples. Both circular punch biopsy and linear scalpel-induced corneal injuries were readily identified.

Conclusions:
The iOS-based cobalt blue light is a portable, low-cost, and effective alternative to commercially available cobalt blue lights.
Surgical Intervention of Periocular Infantile Hemangiomas in the Era of β-Blockers
Authors: Men Clara J. , Ediriwickrema Lilangi S. , Paik Ji Sun , Murdock Jennifer , Yen Michael T. , Ng John D. , Liu Catherine Y. , Korn Bobby S. , Kikkawa Don O. 
Published: December 2019

For patients with periocular infantile hemangiomas with residual soft tissue deformity following propranolol therapy, surgical treatment plays an important role in improving functional and cosmetic outcomes with minimal side effects.

Purpose:
To examine the role of adjuvant surgical resection of infantile hemangiomas after systemic β-blocker therapy.

Methods:
This is a multicentered retrospective study. Standard protocol for oral propranolol was employed by the referring physicians. Ocular indications for surgery included ptosis obstructing the visual axis, high degrees of astigmatism causing amblyopia, or disfigurement from residual tumor. Patients underwent complete excision or debulking.

Results:
Eleven girls and 4 boys were surgically treated with mean operative age of 34.4 months. Patients were followed for a mean of 19.6 months after surgery. Four patients required surgical treatment due to an inability to tolerate medical therapy secondary to drug-related side effects (including bradycardia). The other 11 patients proceeded to surgery due to residual eyelid and orbital lesions despite medical treatment. All 15 patients underwent orbitotomy for residual hemangioma excision. Four patients also underwent simultaneous levator advancement at the time of excision. In all cases, there was resolution of ptosis with clearing of the visual axis. No complications were incurred during the surgical treatment and there were no hemangioma recurrences.

Conclusions:
This is the first study to report surgical management of periocular infantile hemangiomas recalcitrant to standard therapy in the β-blocker era. In patients with infantile hemangioma who have failed medical therapy, adjuvant surgical treatment still plays an important role. For patients with persistent tumor causing ocular sequelae, surgical intervention aimed at soft tissue debulking and ptosis repair can be successful in achieving excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes with minimal side effects.
Predictability of the Phenylephrine Test With Regard to Eyelid Skin Appearance in Patients Who Undergo Müller Muscle–Conjunctival Resection Without Blepharoplasty
Authors: Hauck Matthew J. , Steele Eric A. , Perry C. Blake 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate the ability of preoperative phenylephrine testing to predict postoperative upper eyelid tarsal platform show in patients undergoing Müller muscle–conjunctival resection (MMCR) ptosis repair without concurrent blepharoplasty.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed on 52 eyelids of patients who underwent MMCR without external skin incision. Photographs were reviewed to objectively and subjectively compare the results of phenylephrine testing to postoperative appearance. Only patients who underwent successful MMCR were included in the study. The authors defined successful MMCR as having a resulting marginal reflex distance within 1 mm of that predicted by phenylephrine testing. For objective analysis, the tarsal platform show was measured using computer software. For subjective analysis, 2 experienced examiners were asked to grade the correlation in appearance on a scale of 1–5 (1 being poor correlation and 5 being excellent correlation).

Results:
The mean tarsal platform show in the phenylephrine test photographs and the postoperative photographs was 3.8 and 3.63 mm, respectively (mean = 0.17; standard deviation = 0.71). The difference between the means was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The mean difference in tarsal platform show between phenylephrine testing and postoperative was 0.17 mm (standard deviation = 0.71). The difference was not statistically significant (t[51] = 0.09; p > 0.05; 2 tailed). The mean subjective correlation score comparing phenylephrine testing photographs to postoperative photographs was 4.4 out of possible 5.

Conclusions:
Phenylephrine testing exhibits good predictability with regard to eyelid appearance after successful MMCR without external skin incision and, therefore, may assist the surgeon when trying to decide if blepharoplasty or eyelid crease formation is necessary at the time of MMCR.
Frontalis Linkage Without Intraoperative Eyelid Elevation for the Management of Myopathic Ptosis
Authors: Diniz Stefania B. , Akaishi Patricia M. , Cruz Antonio A. V. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
To report the effect of frontalis linkage without intraoperative eyelid elevation for the management of myopathic ptosis.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of 21 (42 eyelids) myopathic patients with bilateral ptosis who were operated between 1999 and 2017. All patients had orbicularis weakness and poor or absent Bell’s phenomenon. Surgery consisted of using an autogenous fascia sling to link the tarsal plate to the frontalis muscle without any degree of intraoperative eyelid elevation. The main outcome measures were margin reflex distance, brow height and degree of brow excursion and degree of lagophthalmos, and exposure keratitis.

Results:
After surgery, there were significant changes (p <0.0001) in both margin reflex distance and brow position. Mean margin reflex distance increased to 1.4 mm ± 1.34 DP and with full frontalis contraction, it reached 3.0 mm ± 1.73 DP, while mean brow position decreased 1.6 mm ± 1.59 SD, p < 0.0001. Postoperative lagophthalmos was not detected in 31 (74%) eyes. In the remaining 11 eyes (26%), lagophthalmos ranged from 1.2 to 5.2 mm (mean = 1.7 mm ± 0.74 DP). Mild inferior superficial keratitis was detected in 14 eyes (33.3%) of 7 patients only 3 of which had lagophthalmos. One patient needed additional surgery to correct unilateral eyelid retraction. Overall, 81.81% of the patients were pleased with the procedure.

Conclusions:
Myopathic ptosis can be alleviated with a minimal amount of lagophthalmos by just linking the tarsal plate to the frontalis muscle without lifting the eyelid margin intraoperatively.
Does Intraoperative Ketorolac Increase Bleeding in Oculoplastic Surgery?
Authors: Chang Minwook , Gould Adam , Gur Zvi , Buhbut Ortal , Hosalkar Hetal , Liu Catherine Y. , Korn Bobby S. , Kikkawa Don O. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
To report adverse hemorrhagic outcomes in patients who received intravenous (IV) ketorolac during oculofacial plastic surgical procedures.

Methods:
The medical records of 111 consecutive patients who underwent lacrimal or orbital surgery, between the years 2016 and 2018, performed by a single surgeon under general anesthesia were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were excluded if they had history of a bleeding coagulopathy, anticoagulant use prior to surgery, or insufficient follow up. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on whether they received intravenous ketorolac. The primary outcome measure was the occurrence of a major postoperative bleeding event, and the secondary outcome measures were the evaluation of postoperative ecchymosis graded at 1 week after surgery and the incidence of persistent ecchymosis beyond 4 weeks.

Results:
A total of 111 patients were analyzed further, including 31 patients who received intraoperative IV ketorolac and 80 control patients who did not. The demographic characteristics between the 2 groups were similar. No major bleeding events occurred in either group. And there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of ecchymosis grade and the incidence of development of persistent ecchymosis. Comparing the subgroups of lacrimal and orbital cases, there was also no significance difference between these groups.

Conclusions:
This study suggests that intraoperative ketorolac use does not increase the risk of postoperative bleeding complications in oculofacial procedures. This alternative to opioids may assist with pain control and lessen the narcotic burden.
The Use of Anterograde Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Balloons in Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction: A Cost-Effective Alternative to the Traditional Dacryoplasty Balloons
Authors: Bothra Nandini , Gupta Nishi , Nowak Rafal , Ali Mohammad Javed 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
To assess the efficacy of commonly available coronary angioplasty balloon catheters as a low-cost alternative to the traditional dacryoplasty catheters in select patients of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Methods:
A prospective, interventional study was performed between July 2018 and December 2018 in children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, who underwent balloon dacryoplasty using the coronary angioplasty balloon catheters (2.75 × 10 mm, SPALNO, Cardiomac, Haryana, India). The inclusion criteria were children ≥4 years of age, and/or previously failed probing and/or previous failed intubation. Parameters documented were demographics, techniques, costs, complications, and postoperative outcomes.

Results:
Twenty-three eyes of 22 children underwent balloon dacryoplasty using coronary angioplasty balloon catheters. The mean age of the patients was 4.33 years (range 1.5–10 years). The procedure was performed in 8 patients (8 eyes, 35%) as the primary procedure. The remaining 14 patients (15 eyes, 65%) had a history of probing, of which 4 eyes had it twice earlier. All eyes underwent balloon dacryoplasty as per standard protocols. The insertion profile and trackability of the coronary catheters were good. At a mean follow up of 6.17 months (range 1.5–9 months), anatomical and functional success was obtained in 87% cases (n = 20/23). No lacrimal passage trauma or injuries were noted during the procedure. The cost of coronary balloon catheter was approximately $60.

Conclusions:
The present pilot study has shown that outcomes of balloon dacryoplasty in patients with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction with coronary balloon catheters is comparable to that of traditional balloons and offers significant economic advantage for developing nations.
MiR-25 exerts cardioprotective effect in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by targeting high-mobility group box 1
Authors: Liu Qifang , Song Bo , Xu Min , An Yaping , Zhao Yidong , Yue Feng 
Published: December 2019

Background:
We previously confirmed the targeting of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) by miR-25. This project aims to further investigate whether miR-25 improves myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in vivo by targeting HMGB1.

Methods:
A rat model of myocardial IRI was established by the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 45 minutes followed by 2, 4, or 6 hours reperfusion. The expression of miR-25, HMGB1, and apoptosis-related proteins in the myocardium was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting. The activities of myocardial enzymes and the release of inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Evans blue/triphenyltetrazolium chloride double staining was performed to assess infarct size. Myocardial apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining.

Results:
MiR-25 expression was significantly downregulated, while HMGB1 was highly expressed at the mRNA and protein levels in myocardial tissues after induction of the IRI model. MiR-25 agomir administration suppressed the expression of HMGB1 in myocardial tissues. Furthermore, administration of both miR-25 agomir and lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) interference targeting HMGB1 sh-HMGB1 resulted in reduced serum myocardial enzyme activities, cytokine secretion, and myocardial apoptosis during myocardial IRI.

Conclusion:
MiR-25 mitigated myocardial IRI-induced damage by targeting HMGB1.
Participating in Sports After Mitral Valve Repair for Primary Mitral Regurgitation: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Blanc Adrien , Lairez Olivier , Cariou Eve , Fournier Pauline , Poenar Ana Maria , Marcheix Bertrand , Cron Christophe , Grunenwald Etienne , Porterie Jean , Labaste François , Elbaz Meyer , Galinier Michel , Carrié Didier , Lavie-Badie Yoan 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
Participating in either competitive or leisure sports is restrictive after surgical mitral valve repair (MVR). In this study, we examine the impact of sports on outcomes after MVR.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Patients aged 18 to 65 years who underwent a first-time MVR for primary mitral regurgitation (MR) in a tertiary care center.

Patients:
One hundred twenty-one consecutive patients were included in the study. The exclusion criteria were as follows: other concomitant procedures, early perioperative death or repeat intervention, noncardiac death or endocarditis during follow-up, and general contraindications for normal physical activity.

Assessment of Risk Factors:
Participation in sports was quantified by the number of hours per week during the past 6 months, classified according to the Mitchell classification and assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form.

Main Outcome Measures:
The primary composite endpoint was MVR failure defined as MR grade ≥2 or mean transmitral gradient ≥8 mm Hg, signs and symptoms of heart failure, or late-onset postoperative AF (>3 months).

Results:
The mean age was 50 ± 11 years, and there were 85 (71%) men. The median follow-up was 34 months [interquartile range (IQR): 20-50]. Fifty-six (46%) patients participated in sports regularly (median of 3 h/wk; IQR: 2-5). Twenty (17%) patients reached the primary composite endpoint with no correlation with participation in sports (P = 0.537), IPAQ categories (P = 0.849), in any of the Mitchell classification subgroups and a high level of participation in sports ≥6 hours (P = 0.679).

Conclusions:
Sports seem to be unrelated to the worst outcome after MVR.
Relationship of pay-for-performance and provider pay
Authors: Shurson Lauren , Gregg S. Renee 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Policymakers and health care leaders search for a payment model to balance the interests of providers, patients, and payers. This has shifted reimbursement from a fee-for-service (FFS) to pay-for-performance (P4P) model. The FFS model of reimbursement may lead to provider overuse. The P4P model incentivizes quality, not quantity, of care. However, the payer's reimbursement shift to P4P has not affected compensation of individual providers.

Objectives:
To explore the effects of payment compensation models on provider behavior and employment.

Data sources:
CINAHL, Cochrane, and EBSCO databases were searched. To ensure accuracy, a PRISMA flow diagram was used. A thematic analysis was performed using 52 articles.

Conclusions:
Four themes emerged: health care as an economic anomaly, the ability to incentivize value, ethics, and provider–employer–payer alignment. Basic economic principles are distorted in health care because of payment layers and competing goals. Although payment structure affects health care provider (HCP) performance, the correlation is not understood. There is a lack of knowledge on several key areas: 1) HCP behavioral research, 2) how employment may be influencing existing HCP attitudes and actions, 3) how nurse practitioners (NPs) differ from physicians, and 4) P4P outcome data. There is also a lack of literature involving NP's and reimbursement.

Implications for practice:
Nurse practitioners must be included in compensation model research. Payment reform should address all individual HCP compensation. Reforms will be limited if focus remains on payer–organization reform and ignores HCP compensation. As HCPs, it is imperative to understand how payers reimburse services to establish guiding principles for equitable and ethical compensation negotiations.
Buprenorphine compared with methadone in opioid-dependent pregnant women: How does it affect neonatal abstinence syndrome?
Authors: Bivin Bethany , Waring Ashley , Alves Paul 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background:
The growing opioid epidemic in the United States has led to increasingly high rates of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Preliminary studies have shown that buprenorphine maintenance treatment (BMT) may lead to better outcomes for infants than methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).

Objectives:
The authors gathered recent evidence to answer the following PICO (population, intervention, comparison, and outcome) question: In opioid-dependent pregnant women, how does buprenorphine compared with methadone administration affect NAS?

Data sources:
A literature search was completed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases and limited to the past 5 years. The following parameters were analyzed in the articles: NAS occurrence, length of hospital stay in days, NAS treatment length, and amount of pharmacotherapy administered to treat NAS.

Conclusions:
In comparison to methadone, buprenorphine exposure in utero is associated with significantly shorter hospital stays for the infant after delivery, shorter length of NAS treatment, and decreased frequency/duration of pharmacotherapy for NAS symptoms in the infant.

Implications for practice:
Based on the findings, a weak recommendation can be made for the use of BMT over MMT in opioid-dependent pregnant women. However, further research is necessary to definitively recommend buprenorphine over methadone use in this population, especially regarding the effect of maternal severity of addiction on adherence to BMT, and long-term effects of in utero buprenorphine exposure.
The Influence of Social Networks on Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Among HIV-Infected Antiretroviral Therapy–Naive Youth in Rural Kenya and Uganda
Authors: Brown Lillian B. , Balzer Laura B. , Kabami Jane , Kwarisiima Dalsone , Sang Norton , Ayieko James , Chen Yiqun , Chamie Gabriel , Charlebois Edwin D. , Camlin Carol S. , Cohen Craig R. , Bukusi Elizabeth , Kamya Moses R. , Moody James , Havlir Diane V. , Petersen Maya L. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
HIV-infected youth in sub-Saharan Africa are less likely to initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) than older adults.

Setting and Methods:
Adult (≥15 years) residents enumerated during a census in 32 communities in rural Kenya and Uganda named social contacts in 5 domains: health, money, emotional support, food, and free time. Named contacts were matched to other enumerated residents to build social networks among 150,395 adults; 90% were tested for HIV at baseline. Among youth (15–24 years) who were ART naive at baseline (2013–2014), we evaluated whether having ≥1 network contact who was HIV infected predicted ART initiation within 3 years and modification of this association by age and strength of contact, using logistic regression with robust standard errors.

Results:
Among 1120 HIV-infected youth who were ART naive at baseline, 805 remained alive and community residents after 3 years. Of these, 270 (33.5%) named at least one baseline HIV-infected contact; 70% (569/805) subsequently initiated ART. Youth with ≥1 HIV-infected same-age baseline contact were more likely to initiate ART [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.95; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.49 to 5.86] than those with no HIV-infected contact, particularly if the contact was a strong tie (named in >1 domain; aOR, 5.33; 95% CI: 3.34 to 8.52). When nonhousehold contacts were excluded, having an HIV-infected same age contact who was a strong tie remained associated with ART initiation (aOR, 2.81; 95% CI: 1.76 to 4.49).

Conclusions:
Interventions that increase and strengthen existing social connections to other HIV-infected peers at the time of HIV diagnosis may increase ART initiation among HIV-infected youth.
Management of Osteoporosis in Patients Living With HIV—A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Starup-Linde Jakob , Rosendahl Simone Bruhn , Storgaard Merete , Langdahl Bente 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
Osteoporosis is reported as a common comorbidity in patients living with HIV (PLHIV). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the evidence on fracture risk in PLHIV, bone mineral density (BMD) in PLHIV compared with controls, longitudinal changes in BMD in PLHIV, and effect of antiosteoporosis treatment in PLHIV.

Methods:
A systematic literature search was conducted using the databases Medline at PubMed and EMBASE using the search terms: “HIV” and “fracture” or “bone turnover,” or “bone mineral density.” Eligibility criteria followed the aim of the study and include randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Two reviewers extracted the data independently. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects model assessing fracture risk, BMD compared with controls, and changes in BMD.

Results:
One hundred forty-two of 2397 papers identified were included in the systematic review, and subsequently, 84 were included in the meta-analysis. The risks of a fragility fracture [1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.41 to 1.63] and hip fracture (4.05, 95% CI: 2.99 to 5.49) were increased. PLHIV have lower BMD at the hip (z-score −0.31, 95% CI: −0.46 to −0.27) and lumbar spine (z-score −0.36, 95% CI: −0.39 to −0.15) compared with controls. The reduced BMD did not fully explain the increased fracture risk in PLHIV.

Conclusions:
Current management of osteoporosis in PLHIV follows general osteoporosis guidelines; however, the increased fracture risk is not fully explained by lower BMD, and thus, antiosteoporosis intervention may be beneficial at a higher BMD in PLHIV.