bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Writing through theoretical frameworks in the doctoral classroom
Authors: Baird Stephanie Borgert , Kearney Kerri S. , Nephew Alissa 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
Many doctoral students apply theoretical frameworks to writing assignments as part of their academic coursework and, later, in the practice of analyzing and reporting research. However, students often struggle to effectively apply theoretical frameworks to their writing processes. Thus, as one way of contributing to the writing pedagogies of doctoral-level instructors, the purpose of this study is to explore doctoral students’ learning experiences with analyzing and reporting organizational data using theoretical frameworks.

Design/methodology/approach
This study examines the perspectives of 29 doctoral students through analytical papers and reflections, letters and interviews.

Findings
Five themes within the context of current literature on writing were identified. These included students experiencing discomfort, even fear, about writing; students needing to write and receive honest feedback to learn how to write; the need for an instructional process that moves from conceptual to detailed instructions; understanding that writing has conceptual and skills implications that cannot be achieved in a single class; and the analytical writing process contributes to an understanding of the complexity of holding a doctoral degree.

Practical implications
The findings demonstrate the importance of helping doctoral students gain confidence and improve writing with theoretical frameworks, which can be accomplished with structured formats, through repetition and from instructor feedback.

Originality/value
This study offers unique insights into the challenges that doctoral students face when writing through theoretical frameworks and how instructors can interact with and potentially improve students’ writing skills and abilities.
Securing a furan‐based biorefinery: disclosing the genetic basis of the degradation of hydroxymethylfurfural and its derivatives in the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Martins Celso , Hartmann Diego O. , Varela Adélia , Coelho Jaime A. S. , Lamosa Pedro , Afonso Carlos A. M. , Silva Pereira Cristina 
Published: August 2020

SummaryHydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a promising lignocellulosic‐derived source for the generation of diverse chemical building blocks constituting an alternative to fossil fuels. However, it remains unanswered if ubiquitous fungi can ensure their efficient decay, similar to that observed in highly specialised fungi. To disclose the genetic basis of HMF degradation in aspergilli, we performed a comprehensive analysis of Aspergillus nidulans ability to tolerate and to degrade HMF and its derivatives (including an HMF‐dimer). We identified the degradation pathway using a suite of metabolomics methods and showed that HMF was modified throughout sequential reactions, ultimately yielding derivatives subsequently channelled to the TCA cycle. Based on the previously revealed hmfFGH gene cluster of Cupriavidus basilensis, we combined gene expression of homologous genes in Aspergillus nidulans and functional analyses in single‐deletion mutants. Results were complemented with orthology analyses across the genomes of twenty‐five fungal species. Our results support high functional redundancy for the initial steps of the HMF degradation pathway in the majority of the analysed fungal genomes and the assignment of a single‐copy furan‐2,5‐dicarboxylic acid decarboxylase gene in A. nidulans. Collectively our data made apparent the superior capacity of aspergilli to mineralise HMF, furthering the environmental sustainability of a furan‐based chemistry.
Genomics of natural history collections for understanding evolution in the wild
Authors: Lopez Lua , Turner Kathryn G. , Bellis Emily S. , Lasky Jesse R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA long‐standing question in biology is how organisms change through time and space in response to their environment. This knowledge is of particular relevance to predicting how organisms might respond to future environmental changes caused by human‐induced global change. Usually researchers make inferences about past events based on an understanding of current static genetic patterns, but these are limited in their capacity to inform on underlying past processes. Natural history collections (NHCs) represent a unique and critical source of information to provide temporally deep and spatially broad time‐series of samples. By using NHC samples, researchers can directly observe genetic changes over time and space and link those changes with specific ecological/evolutionary events. Until recently, such genetic studies were hindered by the intrinsic challenges of NHC samples (i.e. low yield of highly fragmented DNA). However, recent methodological and technological developments have revolutionized the possibilities in the novel field of NHC genomics. In this Special Feature, we compile a range of studies spanning from methodological aspects to particular case studies which demonstrate the enormous potential of NHC samples for accessing large genomic data sets from the past to advance our knowledge on how populations and species respond to global change at multiple spatial–temporal scales. We also highlight possible limitations, recommendations and a few opportunities for future researchers aiming to study NHC genomics.
Lamin A safeguards the m6A methylase METTL14 nuclear speckle reservoir to prevent cellular senescence
Authors: Zhang Jie , Ao Ying , Zhang Zhen , Mo Yanzhen , Peng Linyuan , Jiang Yue , Wang Zimei , Liu Baohua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMutations in LMNA gene are frequently identified in patients suffering from a genetic disorder known as Hutchison–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), providing an ideal model for the understanding of the mechanisms of aging. Lamin A, encoded by LMNA, is an essential component of the subnuclear domain‒nuclear speckles; however, the functional significance in aging is unclear. Here, we show that Lamin A interacts with the m6A methyltransferases, METTL3 and METTL14 in nuclear speckles. Lamin A deficiency compromises the nuclear speckle METTL3/14 reservoir and renders these methylases susceptible to proteasome‐mediated degradation. Moreover, METTL3/14 levels progressively decline in cells undergoing replicative senescence. Overexpression of METTL14 attenuates both replicative senescence and premature senescence. The data reveal an essential role for Lamin A in safeguarding the nuclear speckle reservoir of the m6A methylase METTL14 to antagonize cellular senescence.
Adjuvant therapy for high‐risk renal cell carcinoma after nephrectomy how many trials are positive? Only one or more than one
Authors: Ravaud A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdjuvant treatment with VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor in renal cell carcinoma after nephrectomy has been reported through four clinical trials: S‐TRAC, ASSURE, PROTECT and ATLAS. Only S‐TRAC has been significantly positive on primary endpoint DFS under sunitinib compared to placebo, whereas ASSURE, PROTECT and ATLAS did not show any gain under sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib or axitinib, respectively. Nevertheless, there are arguments for a trend for the impact of anti‐angiogenic therapy on outcome of patients with high‐risk renal cell carcinoma cancer following nephrectomy, allowing for a fair discussion with patients to decide for or against an adjuvant treatment.
Diagnostic performance of discontinuous density gradient centrifugation for estimating human semen quality
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Cheng Juan , Ou Jianping , Liu Zhuojie , Liu Yonghui , Zang Zhi‐Jun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSemen analysis plays an important role in the diagnosis of male infertility. However, many studies have demonstrated that the current methods of semen analysis are inefficient for assessing male fertility.ObjectiveTo test whether prior discontinuous density gradient centrifugation (DDCG) improves the performance of semen analysis in diagnosing male infertility.Materials and methodsInfertile men and fertile men were recruited from the clinic. Pre‐ and post‐DDGC values for the semen parameters of sperm concentration, total sperm number, percent total motility, percent progressive motility, percent normal sperm morphology, and sperm DNA fragmentation rate were compared.ResultsA total of 528 men (252 infertile men and 276 fertile men) were enrolled in the present study. After DDGC, sensitivity was significantly increased for sperm concentration, total sperm number, and sperm morphology (P < .01); specificity was significantly increased for progressive motility and sperm morphology (P < .01); and diagnostic accuracy was significantly improved for all of these parameters (area under the curve (AUC): P < .01). Total motility and sperm DNA fragmentation rate exhibited no obvious change in sensitivity, specificity or accuracy after DDGC (all P > .01). For the combination of all these semen parameters, diagnostic accuracy improved significantly after DDGC (AUC: P < .01). In a multiple regression analysis, only sperm morphology and sperm DNA fragmentation rate had P values less than 0.05 before DDGC, whereas all parameters except total sperm number contributed to the equation after DDGC.DiscussionDDGC is a mature, standardized procedure for clinical commonly used to optimize spermatozoa. The diagnostic accuracy of semen analysis was significantly improved after DDGC, which indicated that assessing “functional spermatozoa” might be a more suitable method for semen analysis than the WHO 2010 criteria.ConclusionAssessing semen parameters after DDGC might improve their diagnostic accuracy for male infertility.
Variables affecting long‐term usage rate of sperm samples cryopreserved for fertility preservation in cancer patients
Authors: Ferrari Stefania , Paffoni Alessio , Reschini Marco , Noli Stefania , Dallagiovanna Chiara , Guarneri Cristina , Filippi Francesca , Somigliana Edgardo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious evidence highlighted that only a minority of men who banked their semen before cancer therapies subsequently used their frozen samples. This may question the economical validity of sperm cryopreservation programmes. However, in most contributions, the duration of follow‐up was insufficient to draw robust information on the real rate of use.ObjectivesTo shed more light on the potential benefits of cryopreservation programmes.Materials and methodsMen who cryopreserved their semen in a public hospital for a diagnosis of cancer between 1986 and 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. The rate of use as well as the possible determinants was investigated.ResultsThe median time of follow‐up was 12 [IQR: 7‐16] years. One hundred forty‐four patients out of 1,524 (9.4%, 95%CI: 8.1%‐11.0%) used their frozen samples of whom 64% were azoospermic. The rate of men achieving parenthood with frozen semen was 46%. Predictive factors of use were older age at the time of storage, lower sperm count at the time of storage and a diagnosis of testicular cancer. The impact of this latter factor was also supported by the lower frequency of azoospermia after cancer treatment in these patients.DiscussionCost‐beneficial studies are warranted to assess and possibly improve the economical validity of sperm banking.ConclusionThe usage rate of frozen sperm in cancer patient is low, even extending the duration of follow‐up.
Redundancy among risk predictors derived from heart rate variability and dynamics: ALLSTAR big data analysis
Authors: Yuda Emi , Ueda Norihiro , Kisohara Masaya , Hayano Junichiro 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundMany indices of heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate dynamics have been proposed as cardiovascular mortality risk predictors, but the redundancy between their predictive powers is unknown.MethodsFrom the Allostatic State Mapping by Ambulatory ECG Repository project database, 24‐hr ECG data showing continuous sinus rhythm were extracted and SD of normal‐to‐normal R‐R interval (SDNN), very‐low‐frequency power (VLF), scaling exponent α1, deceleration capacity (DC), and non‐Gaussianity λ25s were calculated. The values were dichotomized into high‐risk and low‐risk values using the cutoffs reported in previous studies to predict mortality after acute myocardial infarction. The rate of multiple high‐risk predictors accumulating in the same person was examined and was compared with the rate expected under the assumption that these predictors are independent of each other.ResultsAmong 265,291 ECG data from the ALLSTAR database, the rates of subjects with high‐risk SDNN, DC, VLF, α1, and λ25s values were 2.95, 2.75, 5.89, 15.75, and 18.82%, respectively. The observed rate of subjects without any high‐risk value was 66.68%, which was 1.10 times the expected rate (60.74%). The ratios of observed rate to the expected rate at which one, two, three, four, and five high‐risk values accumulate in the same person were 0.73 times (24.10 and 32.82%), 1.10 times (6.56 and 5.99%), 4.26 times (1.87 and 0.44%), 47.66 times (0.63 and 0.013%), and 1,140.66 times (0.16 and 0.00014%), respectively.ConclusionsHigh‐risk predictors of HRV and heart rate dynamics tend to cluster in the same person, indicating a high degree of redundancy between them.
Activation of AT2 receptors prevents diabetic complications in female db/db mice by NO‐mediated mechanisms
Authors: Dominici Fernando P. , Veiras Luciana C. , Shen Justin Z.Y. , Bernstein Ellen A. , Quiroga Diego T. , Steckelings Ulrike M. , Bernstein Kenneth E. , Giani Jorge F. 
Published: August 2020

Background and PurposeThe AT2 receptor plays a role in metabolism by opposing the actions triggered by the AT1 receptors. Activation of AT2 receptors has been shown to enhance insulin sensitivity in both normal and insulin resistance animal models. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which AT2 receptors activation improves metabolism in diabetic mice.Experimental ApproachFemale diabetic (db/db) and non‐diabetic (db/+) mice were treated for 1 month with the selective AT2 agonist, compound 21 (C21, 0.3 mg·kg−1·day−1, s.c.). To evaluate whether the effects of C21 depend on NO production, a subgroup of mice was treated with C21 plus a sub‐pressor dose of the NOS inhibitor l‐NAME (0.1 mg·ml−1, drinking water).Key ResultsC21‐treated db/db mice displayed improved glucose and pyruvate tolerance compared with saline‐treated db/db mice. Also, C21‐treated db/db mice showed reduced liver weight and decreased hepatic lipid accumulation compared with saline‐treated db/db mice. Insulin signalling analysis showed increased phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, Akt and FOXO1 in the livers of C21‐treated db/db mice compared with saline‐treated counterparts. These findings were associated with increased adiponectin levels in plasma and adipose tissue and reduced adipocyte size in inguinal fat. The beneficial effects of AT2 receptors activation were associated with increased eNOS phosphorylation and higher levels of NO metabolites and were abolished by l‐NAME.Conclusion and ImplicationsChronic C21 infusion exerts beneficial metabolic effects in female diabetic db/db mice, alleviating type 2 diabetes complications, through a mechanism that involves NO production.
Manuka honey versus saline sinus irrigation in the treatment of cystic fibrosis‐associated chronic rhinosinusitis: A randomised pilot trial
Authors: Lee Victoria S. , Humphreys Ian M. , Purcell Patricia L. , Davis Greg E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesManuka honey attacks biofilms, which contribute to bacterial persistence in cystic fibrosis sinusitis. The primary objective was to determine feasibility of investigating manuka honey as an irrigation treatment for cystic fibrosis sinusitis and secondarily to assess the treatment's preliminary effectiveness.DesignProspective, single‐blinded (clinician only), randomised, parallel two‐arm pilot trial.SettingTertiary rhinology clinic.ParticipantsSubjects had recalcitrant cystic fibrosis sinusitis and previous sinus surgery. They received manuka honey or saline sinus irrigations twice daily for 30 days.Main Outcome MeasuresMain outcomes were recruitment/retention rates and tolerability. Preliminary effectiveness was assessed based on quality‐of‐life Sinonasal Outcome Test‐22 and Lund‐Kennedy endoscopic change scores and post‐treatment culture negativity.ResultsOver 10 months, 13 subjects were enrolled, and 77% (10/13) were included in the analysis. Manuka honey irrigations were well‐tolerated. The quality‐of‐life change score was clinically significant for manuka honey (−9 [−14,−6]) but not saline (−5 [−9,−1]), although the difference was not statistically significant (P = .29). Lund‐Kennedy endoscopic change score was significantly better for manuka honey (−3 [−5,−3]) versus saline (0 [0,0]) (P = .006). There was no difference in post‐treatment culture negativity between manuka honey (1/5, 20%) and saline (0/5, 0%) (P = 1.00).ConclusionsManuka honey irrigations were well tolerated, and retention rates were high. Preliminary data showed that manuka honey achieved a clinically important difference in quality‐of‐life score and a significantly better endoscopic outcome. Microbiological control was difficult to achieve. A future definitive trial would require multi‐institutional recruitment.
Physicians' political party affiliation and clinical management of obesity
Authors: Zatz Laura Y. , Hersh Eitan , Gudzune Kimberly A. , Thorndike Anne N. , N. Goldenberg Matthew , Bleich Sara N. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryStudies have documented that few patients with obesity receive evidence‐based care. One provider characteristic that may impact clinical obesity care, but that has been under studied to date, is political party affiliation. This study sought to evaluate how primary care physicians (PCPs) report managing patients with obesity and assess whether there are differences between Democratic and Republican PCPs. This was a secondary analysis of a cross‐sectional survey of 225 PCPs registered to vote as Democrats or Republicans in 29 US States. After reading a patient vignette, the PCPs reported the following outcomes: likelihood of documenting obesity in the medical record; likelihood of discussing obesity with the patient; and likelihood of engaging in eight different obesity management options. Almost all PCPs reported they would document obesity in the medical record (Republican = 97.6%, Democrat = 94.3%) and discuss it further (Republican = 95.2%, Democrat = 92.2%). Among eight obesity management options, PCPs were least likely to say they would prescribe medication (3.9%) or refer the patient to counselling (24.0%), regardless of political affiliation. Republicans were more likely to report that they would inquire about the time course of obesity (73.4% v. 56.2%, P = 0.012) and discuss health risks of obesity (91.0% vs 78.3%, P = .018). Republican and Democratic PCPs report some differences in managing patients with obesity, suggesting that political beliefs may play a role in some clinical care.
Alcohol industry arguments for putting profit before health in the midst of a pandemic: The Western Australian experience
Authors: Keric Danica , Stafford Julia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn an effort to limit the impact of alcohol on the Western Australian (WA) health system during the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic, the WA Government introduced temporary restrictions on takeaway alcohol purchases for several weeks in March and April 2020. In response, alcohol industry representatives encouraged the WA Government to remove the restrictions and replace them with a voluntary alcohol industry initiative. We looked at alcohol industry representatives' comments in media and online publications during this period. We found that the industry framed alcohol as an essential product, focused on the impact of the restrictions on WA businesses and framed the restrictions as complex and ineffective. The themes and arguments we identified are commonly used by the alcohol industry and are not unique to the pandemic. The alcohol industry's response to the COVID‐19 restrictions in Australia provides a unique case study of how the alcohol industry attempts to interfere in public health policy.
Factors associated with spoken language comprehension in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review
Authors: Vaillant Emma , Geytenbeek Johanna J M , Jansma Elise P , Oostrom Kim J , Vermeulen R Jeroen , Buizer Annemieke I 
Published: August 2020

AimTo identify factors that are relevant for spoken language comprehension in children with cerebral palsy (CP), following the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health – Children and Youth (ICF‐CY) framework.MethodA systematic literature search was conducted using the electronic literature databases PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Library, from January 1967 to December 2019. Included studies involved children with CP, results regarding spoken language comprehension, and analysis of at least one associated factor. Factors were classified within ICF‐CY domains.ResultsTwenty‐one studies met inclusion criteria. Factors in the ICF‐CY domains of body functions and structure were most frequently reported. White brain matter abnormalities, motor type, functional mobility, and intellectual functioning appear to be relevant factors in spoken language comprehension in CP. Factors in the domain of activities and participation, as well as contextual factors, have rarely been studied in the context of spoken language comprehension in CP.InterpretationMost factors known to be important for spoken language comprehension in typically developing children and/or known to be susceptible to change by interventions are understudied in CP.What this paper adds

Factors related to spoken language comprehension are understudied in cerebral palsy.

Factors in the ICF‐CY ‘body functions and structures’ domain are investigated most.

Structural brain abnormalities, motor type, functional mobility, and intellectual functions are relevant
Perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and suicidal ideation among individuals with first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Wastler Heather M. , Moe Aubrey M. , Pine Jacob G. , Breitborde Nicholas J. K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIndividuals with first‐episode psychosis (FEP) are at elevated risk for suicide. The current study explored the applicability of the Interpersonal‐Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS) as a model for understanding suicide in FEP. Thirty‐nine individuals with FEP completed measures of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, acquired capability for suicide, and suicidal ideation. Results indicate that participants with recent suicidal ideation have greater levels of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness than those without recent suicidal ideation. In contrast, the interaction of IPTS variables did not predict the severity of suicidal ideation across the entire sample. These findings suggest that burdensomeness and belongingness differentiate between individuals with and without suicidal ideation, although these constructs might be less useful in predicting the severity of suicidal ideation among individuals with psychosis. Further research is needed to understand both transdiagnostic and unique risk factors that contribute to the high rates of suicide in this population.