bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management actions shape dung beetle community structure and functional traits in restored tallgrass prairie
Authors: Hosler Sheryl C. , Jones Holly P. , Nelson Melissa , Barber Nicholas A. 
Published: September 2020

1. Ecosystem restoration often focuses on re‐establishing species richness and diversity of native organisms. However, effective restoration requires re‐establishment of ecosystem functions and processes by all trophic levels. Functional trait descriptions of communities, including decomposer communities, may provide more comprehensive evaluations of restoration activities and management than taxonomic community metrics alone.2. We examined species and functional trait composition of dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae) communities across a 3–31 yearchronosequence of restored prairies, in which sites varied in the presence of re‐introduced bison and prescribed fire. We calculated functional diversity metrics and community‐weighted mean trait values using behavioural and morphological measurements. We also performed a dung decomposition experiment to measure an ecosystem function driven by these insects.3. Bison presence doubled beetle abundance and increased richness by 50%. Shannon diversity increased with restoration age, nearly doubling from the youngest to oldest restorations. Functional diversity was unchanged by site characteristics, except functional richness, which was reduced by bison and fire presence. Beetles were, on average, smaller in older restorations, although this pattern was weaker when bison were present.4. Dung decomposition was unaffected by site characteristics but increased with community weighted mean beetle mass. Dung decomposition was better predicted by mean trait values, suggesting that supporting large‐bodied species may be more important than species diversity in settings where maximizing decomposition function is a goal.5. Restoration managers should consider dung beetle communities and their functional characteristics when making management decisions, particularly where large grazers are a component of management strategies.
COVID‐19 and Postgraduate Dental Training—A commentary
Authors: Mahendran Krishantini , Yogarajah Sangeetha , Herbert Cameron , Nayee Shalini , Ormond Martyn 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this commentary, we discuss the short‐term and long‐term implications of COVID‐19 on postgraduate dental training in the UK, specifically Dental Core Training (DCT) and Specialty Training. Although this commentary focuses on the authors’ experiences within Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust (GSTT) in London, we hope that our viewpoint will resonate with dental postgraduate trainees across Europe and may guide further discussion in this area. We also reflect on adaptations that may be required if there are any future disruptions to dental postgraduate training in the UK.
Do visual and auditory stimulus‐specific response modulation reflect different mechanisms of neocortical plasticity?
Authors: Rygvold Trine Waage , Hatlestad‐Hall Christoffer , Elvsåshagen Torbjørn , Moberget Torgeir , Andersson Stein 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStimulus response modulation (SRM) of sensory evoked potentials represents a promising method as a non‐invasive index of long‐term potentiation (LTP)‐like synaptic plasticity in the human sensory cortices. As of today, however, no consensus exists regarding which experimental parameters elicit the most robust SRM response. The aim of the current study was twofold; firstly, we aimed to replicate former studies demonstrating visual SRM in healthy adults. Second, we integrated visual and auditory stimuli within the same SRM recording session to assay potential cross‐modal associations. Such an association between modalities would strengthen the assumption that the SRM effect reflects common mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity rather than reflecting modality‐specific phenomena. A replication of previous findings showing robust potentiation of the visual evoked potential was evident, supporting the majority of previous work using similar paradigms, lending further support to the notion that high‐frequent visual stimulation is a viable probe into LTP‐like synaptic plasticity in the human visual cortex. The auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) did not, however, fully replicate previous work, though a significant increase of temporally later AEP components was found. In contrast to our hypothesis, there were no significant within‐subject cross‐modality correlations between the visual and auditory SRM. This lack of significant association might suggest that auditory and visual SRM depend on different mechanisms, and that further SRM studies on non‐invasive LTP‐like synaptic plasticity should focus on optimizing paradigms within the visual modality.
Brain imaging factors associated with progression of subcortical hyperintensities in CADASIL over 2‐year follow‐up
Authors: Moreton F. C. , Cullen B. , Dickie D. A. , Lopez Gonzalez R. , Santosh C. , Delles C. , Muir K. W. 
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeMutations in the NOTCH3 gene cause cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), a cerebral small vessel disease manifesting with stroke, migraine and dementia in adults. The disease displays significant phenotypic variability that is incompletely explained. Early abnormalities in vascular function have been shown in animal models. We postulated that studying changes in vascular function may offer insights into disease progression.MethodsTwenty‐two subjects with CADASIL [50% female, 50 (±11) years] from 19 pedigrees were included in a longitudinal multimodality study using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), clinical measures, neuropsychology and measures of peripheral vascular function. MRI studies included measurement of structural brain changes, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity by arterial spin labelling and a CO2 respiratory challenge.ResultsOver 2 years, new stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) occurred in five (23%) subjects and new significant disability in one (5%). There were significant increases in number of lacunes, subcortical hyperintensity volume and microbleeds, and a decrease in brain volume. CBF declined by 3.2 (±4.5) ml/100 g/min over 2 years. CBF and carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity at baseline predicted change in subcortical hyperintensity volume at follow‐up. Carotid intima‐media thickness and age predicted brain atrophy. Baseline CBF was lower in subjects who showed a decline in attention and working memory.ConclusionsCerebral blood flow predicts radiological progression of hyperintensities and thus is a potential biomarker of disease progression in CADASIL. Over 2 years, there were changes in several relevant imaging biomarkers (CBF, brain volume, lacunes, microbleeds and hyperintensity volume). Future studies in CADASIL should consider assessment of CBF as prognostic factor.
Characterization of kindled VGAT‐Cre mice as a new animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Straub Justyna , Gawda Agnieszka , Ravichandran Pranav , McGrew Bailey , Nylund Elsa , Kang Julianna , Burke Cassidy , Vitko Iuliia , Scott Michael , Williamson John , Joshi Suchitra , Kapur Jaideep , Perez‐Reyes Edward 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveDevelopment of novel therapies for temporal lobe epilepsy is hindered by a lack of models suitable for drug screening. While testing the hypothesis that “inhibiting inhibitory neurons” was sufficient to induce seizures, it was discovered that a mild electrical kindling protocol of VGAT‐Cre mice led to spontaneous motor and electrographic seizures. This study characterizes these seizures and investigates the mechanism.MethodsMice were implanted with electroencephalographic (EEG) headsets that included a stimulating electrode in the hippocampus before being electrically kindled. Seizures were evaluated by review of EEG recordings and behavior. γ‐Aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) neurotransmission was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry, Western blot, and electrophysiology.ResultsElectrical kindling of VGAT‐Cre mice induces spontaneous recurring seizures after a short latency (6 days). Seizures occur 1‐2 times per day in both male and female mice, with only minimal neuronal death. These mice express Cre recombinase under the control of the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT), a gene that is specifically expressed in GABAergic inhibitory neurons. The insertion of Cre disrupts the expression of VGAT mRNA and protein, and impairs GABAergic synaptic transmission in the hippocampus.SignificanceKindled VGAT‐Cre mice can be used to study the mechanisms involved in epileptogenesis and may be useful for screening novel therapeutics.
Meta‐analysis of genetic parameters of production traits in cultured shrimp species
Authors: Hasan Md. Mehedi , Tulloch Rachel L. , Thomson Peter C. , Raadsma Herman W. , Khatkar Mehar S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGenetic parameters of growth, reproductive efficiency and survival are important for designing successful genetic improvement programmes. In this study, a database was assembled and a meta‐analysis was conducted using 87 peer‐reviewed published studies on genetic parameters of 63 economically important traits reported across nine major farmed shrimp species. A total of 641 estimates of heritability, 978 estimates of genetic correlations and 658 estimates of phenotypic correlations were included in this study. Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) was the most widely reported species followed by giant freshwater prawn (Marcobrachium rosenbergii) and black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon). Published studies demonstrate large variability across heritability and correlation estimates. Consensus estimates were based on both unweighted and weighted averages. The traits were broadly classed into weight, morphology, growth rate, body composition, feeding efficiency, reproductive efficiency and survival. This meta‐analysis revealed moderate‐to‐high heritability estimates for weight (0.30 ± 0.002), morphological (0.26 ± 0.003), growth rate (0.27 ± 0.01) and feeding efficiency (0.58 ± 0.07) traits, but low for body composition (0.06 ± 0.009), reproductive efficiency (0.11 ± 0.006) and survival traits (0.15 ± 0.003). Strong responses to selection were found among the shrimp species studied. We have developed a ShinyApp (https://khatkar.shinyapps.io/shrimp_genetics/) for visualization of the individual heritability estimates. In addition to the meta‐analysis of genetic parameters, we have calculated the correlated responses among economically important traits and highlighted response to selection, realized heritability, social interaction and common environmental effects in shrimp breeding programmes in terms of industry implications. Consensus estimates suggest that there is sufficient additive genetic variation to carry out effective genetic improvement programmes in these species.
Historical changes of Blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) landing patterns in the Strait of Gibraltar from 1983 to 2016: Environmental and legislation effects
Authors: Sanz‐Fernández Víctor , Gutiérrez‐Estrada Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) is one of the most important fishery resources in the region of the Strait of Gibraltar. The fishery of this demersal species, carried out by the Spanish and Moroccan artisanal fleets, is highly vulnerable to overexploitation whose effects can be enhanced by environmental and regulatory changes. This study evaluates from an univariate perspective the variation patterns of Blackspot seabream landings (from 1983 to 2016) in the Strait of Gibraltar and investigates the effects environmental factors (sea temperature anomaly and NAO index) and regulatory changes on the landings. For this purpose, we used a wide set of univariate seanonal and non‐seasonal approaches like Holt‐Winters, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models and submodels. The Holt‐Winters, autoregressive and ARIMA models were able to detect a strong linear dependence between current landings and previous landings as well as seasonal effects, while the GARCH models indicated the presence of intense uncertainty or volatility around two periods (1993–1998 and 2007–2011), associated with possible effects of underlying biological, environmental‐climatic and regulatory factors. Therefore, the use of a combination of univariate modelling techniques has enabled us to establish potential factors associated with the variability in the landings, which could significantly help move the management of this fishery towards an ecosystem‐based approach.
Angiosarcoma in an arteriovenous fistula after kidney transplantation: Case report and review of treatment options
Authors: Van Acker Paulien , Veys Nic , Speybrouck Sabrina , Van Biesen Wim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present a patient with an angiosarcoma in an arteriovenous fistula and we reviewed current treatments for angiosarcomas. We extended the systematic review by Oskrochi et al. on this topic in 2015, using the same search query. We searched systematically OVID, EMBASE and PubMed from April 2015 until January 2020 with the aim to update the state of the art in managing this rare but serious condition. We retrieved 12 new case reports about 11 unique patients. Mean age was 61.5 ± 11 years. Six arteriovenous fistulas had failed spontaneously. Two fistulas were operatively closed post‐transplant. Nine patients (81.8%) were receiving ongoing immunosuppressive therapy. Pain and growing lesions, mass or swelling were the most frequent symptoms. Angiosarcoma mostly presents with a nonspecific clinical picture of pain, growing lesions and swelling of a previously normal arteriovenous fistula. Amputation of the limb was most frequently conducted as treatment in localized disease. Treatment of systemic disease included supportive care, chemotherapy, especially with paclitaxel and change of immunosuppressive regimen. Metastasized angiosarcoma has a very poor prognosis. Classical chemotherapy has rather low response rates. There is limited data supporting treatment of angiosarcomas with tyrosine kinase inhibitors or immunotherapy. Further comparative research is needed.
Review ‐ Helicobacter, inflammation, immunology and vaccines
Authors: Robinson Karen , Lehours Philippe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms involved in induction and regulation of the immune and inflammatory response to Helicobacter pylori is extremely important in determining disease outcomes. H pylori expresses a plethora of factors that influence the host response. Vaccines against H pylori are desperately needed for the prevention of gastric carcinogenesis, especially with the increasing trends in antimicrobial resistance. This review summarizes some important findings, published between 1 April 2019 and 31 March 2020, in the areas of H pylori‐mediated inflammation, immunity and vaccines.
Tourism effects on the subterranean fauna in a Central American cave
Authors: Pacheco Gabrielle Soares Muniz , de Oliveira Marcus Paulo Alves , Cano Enio , Souza Silva Marconi , Ferreira Rodrigo Lopes 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Tourism activity affects the cave's physical environment in several ways, such as damaging speleothems, altering the cave structure for ease of access, and the shifting of cave microclimate. Nevertheless, it is less clear how the pressure of touristic activities affects the cave fauna.
This study aimed to investigate the effects from tourism activities on the cave invertebrate fauna from Gruta de Lanquín Cave (Alta Verapaz, Guatemala). For this, quadrats were placed throughout the cave, where invertebrates were sampled and substrate features were measured.
Results showed that the community structure differed among touristic and non‐touristic areas of the cave and the troglobitic species are structured differently than the rest of the invertebrate community in the cave. It was detected that the pathways designated for touristic use have different substrate features than their adjacent areas.
In order to maintain the conservation of the invertebrate species, several management recommendations are provided, such as determining a well‐established walking path that avoids cave microhabitats and the maintenance of a supervised guided tour.
Varicella zoster virus: an under‐recognised cause of central nervous system infections?
Authors: Parkes‐Smith Jill , Chaudhuri Alex 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundVaricella zoster virus (VZV) causes infections of the central nervous system (CNS) manifesting as meningitis or encephalitis. It is not commonly tested in CNS infections when compared with enterovirus (EV) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV‐1) and 2 (HSV‐2). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings of viral CNS infections are thought to be comparable.AimsTo describe the manifestations of VZV CNS infections and ascertain if there is a predominant syndrome. To compare CSF parameters of VZV with EV, HSV‐1 and HSV‐2.MethodsRetrospective study at two hospitals in Brisbane, reviewing medical notes and laboratory information system for results between January 2001 and 2019. The following parameters were recorded – disease classification, presence of rash, duration of symptoms prior to hospitalisation, length of admission, duration of antiviral treatment and 30‐day mortality. CSF biochemistry, cell count (differential), PCR for VZV, EV, HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 were recorded. Statistical analysis of CSF parameters included Student's t‐test and linear regression.ResultsIncidence of meningitis was comparable to encephalitis (44 vs 39%) in 52 cases. CSF protein in VZV was significantly elevated compared with EV (median 1121 vs 569 mg/L; P < 0.001) as was CSF monocytosis (96% vs 61%; P < 0.001). CSF parameters between VZV, HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 were similar. VZV had a higher incidence than HSV‐1 or 2, while it was tested one‐third as often.ConclusionsVZV CNS infection cannot be predicted by syndrome. CSF findings are markedly different from EV but like HSV‐1 and 2. VZV should be routinely tested with HSV‐1 and 2 when viral CNS infection is suspected.
Salutogenesis in oral health research in preschool children: A scoping review
Authors: Pitchon Ana , Gomes Viviane Elisângela , Ferreira Efigênia Ferreira e 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundOral health research in children has focused both on identifying the risk factors for dental caries and on the impact the disease has on children's life.AimIdentifying studies that used the salutogenic theory to investigate positive aspects to promote a healthy condition in preschool children.DesignA literature scoping review was conducted to answer the question: 'What has been produced in scientific literature about children's oral health with a salutogenic theoretical reference?' The checklist preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) was applied. The research was conducted on the databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science with no language, design, country or date restrictions. Three independent reviewers selected the studies to be included in the research, extracted data, and assessed the studies' contribution to the review.ResultsAmong the 38 studies retained, 10 were included, those were published between 2009 and 2018: five in Brazil, two in the United States of America, and one in Canada, China and India, respectively. All articles were published in English language. Nine studies investigated the relation between the parents'/caretakers' sense of coherence and aspects related to the children's oral health condition. One study investigated health factors among the parents of caries‐free children.ConclusionSalutogenic orientation must be included in oral health research, so that salutary and risk factors may coexist, contributing to a new perspective for oral health promotion among children.
The double traveling salesman problem with partial last‐in‐first‐out loading constraints
Authors: Chagas Jonatas B. C. , Toffolo Túlio A. M. , Souza Marcone J. F. , Iori Manuel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce the double traveling salesman problem with partial last‐in‐first‐out loading constraints (DTSPPL). It is a pickup‐and‐delivery single‐vehicle routing problem, where all pickup operations must be performed before any delivery operation because the pickup‐and‐delivery areas are geographically separated. The vehicle collects items in the pickup area and loads them into its container, a horizontal stack. After performing all pickup operations, the vehicle begins delivering the items in the delivery area. Loading and unloading operations must obey a partial last‐in‐first‐out (LIFO) policy, that is, a version of the LIFO policy that may be violated within a given reloading depth. The objective of the DTSPPL is to minimize the total cost, which involves the total distance traveled by the vehicle and the number of items that are unloaded and then reloaded due to violations of the standard LIFO policy. We formally describe the DTSPPL through two integer linear programming (ILP) formulations and propose a heuristic algorithm based on the biased random‐key genetic algorithm (BRKGA) to find high‐quality solutions. The performance of the proposed solution approaches is assessed over a broad set of instances. Computational results have shown that both ILP formulations have been able to solve only the smaller instances, whereas the BRKGA obtained good‐quality solutions for almost all instances, requiring short computational times.
Temperature and rate dependent debonding behaviors of precision glass molding interface
Authors: Zhou Jian , Zhu Chenyu , Li Lihua , Ng Man Cheung , Liu Kun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe glass‐to‐mold adhesion in precision glass molding could severely degrade the quality of molded optics and shorten the lifespan of the precious molds. Since the consequences of adhesion take effect during the separation between glass and molds, it is important to investigate the debonding behaviors of a typical glass molding interface. To this end, here we perform a probe tack test procedure for borosilicate glass BK7, where debonding is conducted at molding temperature and specific velocity. We fully characterize the debonding behaviors using the peak adhesion stress σmax and the work of debonding Wdeb. Experiments show that when temperature is decreased from 690°C to 655°C at 10 μm/s, σmax continuously increases, while Wdeb first increases but then sharply decreases. When the debonding velocity is increased from 10 to 50 μm/s at 680°C, σmax also increases while Wdeb overall decreases. Therefore, the debonding behaviors are highly temperature and rate dependent. More importantly, depending on the debonding conditions, three debonding types are identified, that is, the cohesive bulk deformation, the cohesive‐interfacial transition and the interfacial fracture. The cohesive type can be converted into the interfacial fracture, by either decreasing temperature or increasing the debonding velocity. Based on the Wdeb criterion, the three debonding regimes can be clearly distinguished. Finally, analyses on the temperature and velocity experimental results are unified by incorporating the reduced crack velocity aTvc. The dependences of both viscoelasticity and Wdeb on aTvc qualitatively explain the transition condition for different debonding types. Concerning these findings, the work of debonding not only supplements the characterization of adhesion strength, but also throws insightful light on revealing the debonding mechanisms.