bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial Metagenomic Approach Uncovers the First Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus genome in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Happi Anise N. , Ogunsanya Olusola A. , Oguzie Judith U. , Oluniyi Paul E. , Olono Alhaji S. , Heeney Jonathan L. , Happi Christian T. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTRabbit Haemorrhagic Disease (RHD) causes high morbidity and mortality in rabbits and hares. Here, we report the first genomic characterization of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV) from sub-Saharan Africa. While suspected, only a single PCR finding without sequence confirmation or characterization has been reported. Here, we used a microbial metagenomic approach to confirm and characterize pathogens causing the suspected outbreak of RHD in Ibadan, Nigeria. On the 25thSeptember 2020, the liver, spleen, and lung samples of five rabbits from an outbreak in 2 farms in Ibadan, Nigeria, were analyzed for the vp60 gene of RHDV by RT-PCR. Subsequently, Next Generation Sequencing on 1stof October revealed one full and two partial RHDV2 genomes on both farms. Phylogenetic analysis showed close clustering with RHDV2 lineages from Europe, in particular, 98.6% similarity with RHDV2 in the Netherlands, and 99.1 to 100% identity with RHDV2 in Germany, suggesting potential importation from Europe. The detection of twelve unique mutations in RHDV2 sequences from the Ibadan outbreak compared to other RHDV2 sequences in the same clade suggests significant genetic diversity of the GI.2 strains in Nigeria. This highlights the need to further understand the genetic diversity of Lagoviruses to, inform vaccine development, and for accurate tracking, monitoring, and control of outbreaks in Africa.
Anisotropic thermal expansion of the acetylene–ammonia co-crystal under Titan's conditions
Authors: Vu Tuan H. , Maynard-Casely Helen E. , Cable Morgan L. , Hodyss Robert , Choukroun Mathieu , Malaska Michael J. 
Published: November 2020

Acetylene and ammonia are known to form a stable orthorhombic co-crystal under the surface conditions of Saturn's moon Titan (1.5 bar = 150 kPa, 94 K). Such a material represents a potential new class of organic minerals that could play an important role in Titan's geology. In this work, the thermal expansion of this co-crystalline system has been derived from in situ powder X-ray diffraction data obtained between 85 and 120 K. The results indicate significant anisotropy, with the majority of the expansion occurring along the c axis (∼2% over the temperature range of interest). Rietveld refinements reveal little change to the structure compared with that previously reported by Boese, Bläser & Jansen [J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2009), 131, 2104–2106]. The expansion is consistent with the alignment of C—H...N interactions along the chains in the a and b axes, and weak intermolecular bonding in the structural layers along the c axis.
Correlation of the Madelung constant and I—M—I bonding angle with cohesive energy contributions in layered metal diiodides (MI2) with CdI2(2H polytype) structure
Authors: Harutyunyan Valeri S. 
Published: November 2020

This study uses theoretically methods to investigate, for metal diiodidesMI2(M = Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cd, Pb) with CdI2(2H polytype) structure, the mutual correlation between the structure-characterizing parameters (the flatness parameter of monolayersf, the Madelung constantA, and bonding angle I—M—I) and correlation of these parameters with contributions of the Coulomb and covalent energies to cohesive energy. The energy contributions to cohesive energy are determined with the use of empirical atomic potentials. It is demonstrated that the parametersfandA, and the bonding angle I—M—I are strictly correlated and increase in the same order: FeI2< PbI2< MnI2< CdI2< MgI2< CaI2. It is found that with an increase of parameterAand bonding angle I—M—I the relative contribution of the Coulomb energy to cohesive energy increases, whereas the relative contribution of the covalent energy decreases. For a hypotheticalMX2layered compound with the CdI2(2H polytype) structure, composed of regularMX6octahedra (angleX—M—X= 90°), the flatness parameter and the Madelung constant are found to befreg= 2.449 andAreg= 2.183, respectively. Correlation of the covalent energy with the type of distortion ofMI6octahedra (elongation or compression) with respect to regular configuration (angle I—M—I = 90°) is also analyzed.
Single crystal X-ray structure determination and temperature-dependent structural studies of the smectogenic compound 7OS5
Authors: Deptuch Aleksandra , Jaworska-Gołąb Teresa , Kusz Joachim , Książek Maria , Nagao Keigo , Matsumoto Takashi , Yamano Akihito , Ossowska-Chruściel Mirosława D. , Chruściel Janusz , Marzec Monika 
Published: November 2020

Structural characteristics of solid and liquid crystalline phases of 7OS5 (4-n-pentylphenyl-4′-n-heptyloxythiobenzoate), the achiral smectogenic mesogen with the shortest terminal carbon chain in the nOS5 homologous series, are studied by complementary methods. Simultaneously perfomed X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry occur to be a powerful tool to study metastable phases. The single crystal structure of a high-temperature phase, supercooled from the room temperature down to −183°C [orthorhombic crystal system; space group Pca21; a = 54.285 (5) Å, b = 5.5843 (3) Å, c = 14.841 (1) Å, Z = 8] is determined. Lamellar ordering of elongated molecules is stabilized by hydrogen bonds . Temperature dependence of unit-cell parameters in two crystal phases as well as structural parameters of liquid crystalline phases (smectic layer spacing, tilt angle, average distance between the long axes of molecules and correlation lengths) are determined by X-ray diffraction. The obtained results are compared with the data available for other compounds in the nOS5 homologous series.
Who is seen to be doing business research, and does it really matter? Gender representation at academic conferences
Authors: Walters Trudie , Hassanli Najmeh , Finkler Wiebke 
Published: November 2020

PurposeGender inequality is evident in many academic practices, but research has often focused on the male-dominated science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields. This study responds to calls for more work in the business disciplines which have been overlooked by comparison and focuses on academic conferences as a higher education practice. Conferences are manifestations of the research being conducted within the discipline, representing the type of knowledge that is considered valuable, and who the thought leaders are considered to be. This study investigates whether equal representation of women at such conferences really matters, to whom and why.Design/methodology/approachThe research was designed using a critical feminist theory approach. An online survey was disseminated to academic staff and postgraduate students in the 25 top ranked business schools in Australia and New Zealand. A total of 452 responses were received, and thematic analysis was applied to open-ended responses.FindingsEqual representation does matter, for two sets of reasons. The first align with feminist theory perspectives of “equal opportunity” (gender is neutral), “difference” (gender is celebrated) or “post-equity” (the social construction of gender itself is problematic). The second are pragmatic consequences, namely the importance of role modelling, career building and the respect and recognition that come with conference attendance and visible leadership roles.Social implicationsThe findings have implications in regards to job satisfaction, productivity and the future recruitment and retention of women in academia. Furthermore, in areas where women are not researching, the questions and issues that are important to them are not receiving the attention they deserve, and this gender data gap has consequences for society at large.Originality/valueThis study moves beyond simply identifying the under-representation of women at academic conferences in yet another field, to investigate why equal representation is important and to whom. It provides valuable evidence of the consequences of under-representation, as perceived by academics themselves.
Can the shape influence entropy generation for thermal convection of identical fluid mass with identical heating? A finite element introspection
Authors: Lukose Leo , Basak Tanmay 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the role of shapes of containers (nine different containers) on entropy generation minimization involving identical cross-sectional area (1 sq. unit) in the presence of identical heating (isothermal). The nine containers are categorized into three classes based on their geometric similarities (Class 1: square, tilted square and parallelogram; Class 2: trapezoidal type 1, trapezoidal type 2 and triangular; Class 3: convex, concave and curved triangular).

Design/methodology/approach
Galerkin finite element method is used to solve the governing equations for a representative fluid (engine oil: Pr = 155) at Ra = 103–105. In addition, finite element method is used to solve the streamfunction equation and evaluate the entropy generation terms (Sψ and Sθ). Average Nusselt number (

Nub¯) and average dimensionless spatial temperature (

θ^) are also evaluated via the finite element basis sets.

Findings
Based on larger

Nub¯, larger

θ^ and optimal Stotal values, containers from each class are preferred as follows: Class 1: parallelogrammic and square, Class 2: trapezoidal type 1 and Class 3: convex (larger

θ^, optimum Stotal) and concave (larger

Nub¯). Containers with curved walls lead to enhance the thermal performance or efficiency of convection processes.

Practical implications
Comparison of entropy generation, intensity of thermal mixing (

θ^) and average heat transfer rate give a clear picture for choosing the appropriate containers for processing of fluids at various ranges of Ra. The results based on this study may be useful to select a container (belonging to a specific class or containers with curved or plane walls), which can give optimal thermal performance from the given heat input, thereby leading to energy savings.

Originality/value
This study depicts that entropy generation associated with the convection process can be reduced via altering the shapes of containers to improve the thermal performance or efficiency for processing of identical mass with identical heat input. The comparative study of nine containers elucidates that the values of local maxima of Sψ (Sψ,max), Sθ (Sθ,max) and magnitude of Stotal vary with change in shapes of the containers (Classes 1–3) at fixed Pr and Ra. Such a comparative study based on entropy generation minimization on optimal heating during convection of fluid is yet to appear in the literature. The outcome of this study depicts that containers with curved walls are instrumental to optimize entropy generation with reasonable thermal processing rates.
Thermo-bioconvection of oxytactic microorganisms in porous media in the presence of magnetic field
Authors: Biswas Nirmalendu , Datta Aparesh , Manna Nirmal K. , Mandal Dipak Kumar , Gorla Rama Subba Reddy 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This study aims to explore magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) thermo-bioconvection of oxytactic microorganisms in multi-physical directions addressing thermal gradient, lid motion, porous substance and magnetic field collectively using a typical differentially heated two-sided lid-driven cavity. The consequences of a range of pertinent parameters on the flow structure, temperature, oxygen isoconcentration and microorganisms’ isoconcentration are examined and explained in great detail.

Design/methodology/approach
Two-dimensional governing equations in a two-sided lid-driven porous cavity heated differentially and packed with oxytactic microorganisms under the influence of the magnetic field are solved numerically using the finite volume method-based computational fluid dynamics code. The evolved flow physics is analyzed assuming a steady laminar incompressible Newtonian flow within the validity of the Boussinesq approximation. The transport of oxytactic microorganisms is formulated by augmenting the continuum model.

Findings
The mechanisms involved with MHD-mixed thermo-bioconvection could have potential benefits for industrial exploitation. The distributions of fluid flow, temperature, oxygen and motile microorganisms are markedly modified with the change of convection regime. Both speed and direction of the translating walls significantly influence the concentration of the motile microorganisms. The concentration of oxygen and motile microorganisms is found to be higher at the upper portion of the cavity. The overall patterns of the fluid flow, temperature and the oxygen and microorganism distributions are markedly affected by the increase of magnetic field strength.

Research limitations/implications
The concept of the present study could be extended to other areas of bioconvection in the presence of gravity, light or chemical attraction.

Practical implications
The findings of the present study could be used to multi-physical applications like biomicrosystems, pollutant dispersion in aquifers, chemical catalytic converters, geothermal energy usage, petroleum oil reservoirs, enhanced oil recovery, fuel cells, thermal energy storage and others.

Originality/value
The MHD-mixed thermo-bioconvection of oxytactic microorganisms is investigated under different parametric conditions. The effect of pertinent parameters on the heat and mass transfers are examined using the Nusselt number and Sherwood number.
Multi-level learning in public healthcare medical teams: the role of the social environment
Authors: Doyle Louise , Kelliher Felicity , Harrington Denis 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThis study explores how individual, dyad and team levels of learning interact in public healthcare medical teams.Design/methodology/approachA single interpretive case study is carried out in the public Health Service Executive (HSE) in Ireland, involving three rounds of semi-structured interviews with non-consultant hospital doctors (NCHDs), supported by relevant professional documentation and researcher log entries.FindingsAn experience hierarchy, interpersonal relationships and social dynamics form the backdrop to learning interactions within public healthcare medical teams. Individual and team learning primarily occur in informal settings where interpreting and developing understanding takes place either in dyads, small groups or with the whole team. NCHD learning may vary depending on how effectively they build interpersonal relationships, take advantage of informal learning opportunities and manage the social dynamics within their team. Willingness and confidence to share insights and asking questions are triggers for individual and team learning.Research limitations/implicationsAs a single case study focused on the HSE NCHD individual and team learning experience, this research study represents a relatively small exploration of individual and team learning interplay in the public healthcare medical team environment. The development of learning theory in this domain presents an intriguing avenue of further research, including observation of interactions within a team.Practical implicationsThe findings have practical relevance to those who are interested in the effectiveness of post-graduate/ NCHD learning in the public healthcare system. Interpersonal relationships and social norms play strong roles in how interaction and learning occurs in a team. These findings highlight the challenge of ensuring consistent quality across individual NCHDs or across hospital sites when training is heavily influenced by the approach of senior colleagues/ consultants to their more junior colleagues and the degree to which they take an active interest in NCHD learning.Originality/valueThe proposed learning framework is a key theoretical contribution, which draws upon the multi-levels of learning and provides greater insight into how individual, dyad and team learning interact in public healthcare medical teams when managing patient care. The findings have practical relevance in how to facilitate effective teamwork and learning interactions and for those who are interested in the consistency and quality of the training experience for NCHDs.
Promoting critical thinking through an evidence-based skills fair intervention
Authors: Gonzalez Heidi C. , Hsiao E-Ling , Dees Dianne C. , Noviello Sherri R. , Gerber Brian L. 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe lack of critical thinking in new graduates has been a concern to the nursing profession. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an innovative, evidence-based skills fair intervention on nursing students' achievements and perceptions of critical thinking skills development.Design/methodology/approachThe explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed for this study.FindingsThe findings indicated participants perceived the intervention as a strategy for developing critical thinking.Originality/valueThe study provides educators helpful information in planning their own teaching practice in educating students.
Agricultural Productivity Growth and Poverty Reduction: Evidence from Thailand
Authors: Warr Peter , Suphannachart Waleerat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRaising agricultural productivity in developing countries is often said to reduce poverty more than comparable growth arising from other sectors. This claim has frequently been based on casual theorising, rather than empirical evidence. Productivity growth generates additional income and must benefit someone, though not necessarily the poor. It is conceivable that most, or even all of the benefits might go to others. Using region‐level data from Thailand, we study the relationship between agricultural productivity growth and rural poverty incidence. The dependent variable for our regression analysis is the annual rate of change in rural poverty incidence at the regional level between the years for which poverty data are available. Agricultural productivity is measured as the annual rate of change in regional total agricultural productivity, covering the same time intervals as the poverty observations, but lagged one calendar year. Other control variables include regional non‐agricultural incomes and the real price of food. The estimated coefficient on the change in agricultural productivity is negative and highly significant, implying that agricultural productivity growth does reduce rural poverty, holding other variables constant, though not more so than non‐agricultural sources of income growth. The poverty‐reducing contribution of recent agricultural productivity growth has been small. The poverty‐reducing effects of long‐term drivers of agricultural productivity growth are also analysed, using simulations based on the estimated model.
Role of chickpea flour in texturization of extruded pea protein
Authors: Webb Delaney , Plattner Blake J. , Donald Emily , Funk Danielle , Plattner Brian S. , Alavi Sajid 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA growing demand for alternative sources of texturized vegetable protein (TVP) has resulted from various factors including plant allergies, perceived health risks associated with genetically modified organisms (GMO), animal welfare beliefs, and lifestyle choices. Soy and wheat have been the primary ingredients in TVP over the past few decades, but desires for clean label ingredients (especially non‐GMO and nonallergenic) have led to demand for alternative plant protein ingredients such as pea protein. To understand the capabilities of pea protein to create meat‐like texture with additions of another protein source that also contributes starch, this study focused on extruding pea protein with increasing amounts of chickpea flour (CPF). Six treatments, with inclusions of CPF ranging from 0 to 50%, were processed on a twin‐screw extruder to determine the optimal ratio of pea protein isolate to CPF. Bulk density was the greatest with 20% CPF (272 g/L) and resulted in the lowest water holding capacity (55.5%). Texture profile analysis (TPA) hardness, springiness, and chewiness showed optimum results for the 10 and 20% CPF (674 to 1024 g, 72.1 to 80.7%, 400 to 439, respectively). With no CPF addition, protein interactions created a strong network exhibiting extreme springiness (91.3%). Addition of CPF greater than 20% resulted in a detrimental decrease in hardness by 38 to 84% and chewiness by 73 to 92%. Phase transition analysis and specific mechanical energy data provided a greater understanding of the degree of texturization during extrusion. Inclusion of CPF between 10 and 20% led to the optimum protein to starch ratio, allowing adequate protein texturization and creating product characteristics that could potentially mimic meat.Practical ApplicationPea protein was mixed with increasing levels of chickpea flour to produce a textured plant protein product using extrusion technology. The ratio of protein to starch can be optimized to target specific textural attributes of textured pea protein to closely mimic different meat products like fish, chicken, or beef. The 10 and 20% chickpea flour treatments produced the highest quality products according to textural attributes.
Insurance law and incomplete contracts
Authors: Bourgeon Jean‐Marc , Picard Pierre 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe analyze how insurance law can mitigate moral hazard by allowing insurers to reduce or cancel coverage in some circumstances. We consider an incomplete contract setting in which the insurer may obtain information related to the policyholder's behavior through a costly audit of the circumstances of the loss. Court decisions are based on a standard of proof such as the balance of probabilities. We show that an optimal insurance law brings efficiency gains compared to the no‐audit case. We also highlight the conditions under which the burden of proof should be on the insured, provided that insurers are threatened with sanctions for bad faith.