bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS‐COV‐2 (COVID‐19): Cellular and biochemical properties and pharmacological insights into new therapeutic developments
Authors: Parlakpinar Hakan , Gunata Mehmet 
Published: September 2020

COVID‐19 caused by SARS‐COV‐2 first appeared in the Wuhan City of China and began to spread rapidly among people. Rapid progression of the outbreak has led to a major global public health problem of a potentially fatal disease. On January 30, 2020, WHO declared the pandemic as the sixth public health emergency of the world. Upon this, the whole country has started to take the necessary precautions. The new coronavirus uses membrane‐bound angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to enter into the cells, such as SARS‐CoV, and mostly affects the respiratory tract. Symptoms of COVID‐19 patients include fever (93%), fatigue (70%), cough (70%), anorexia (40%) and dyspnoea (34.5%). The elderly and people with underlying chronic diseases are more susceptible to infection and higher mortality. Currently, a large number of drugs and vaccines studies are ongoing. In this review, we discussed the virology, epidemiological data, the replication of the virus, and its relationship with cardiovascular diseases on COVID‐19 pandemics, treatment and vaccines. Thereby, this study aims to neatly present scientific data in light of many regarding literature that can be a clue for readers who research this disease prevention and treatment.Significance of the studyThis review summarized current information on COVID‐19 (epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical, laboratory, cardiovascular diseases, ACE2 and pharmacological agents) for researchers and reveals guiding data for researchers, especially in the field of cardiovascular system, pharmacology, dysregulation of cellular function in disease, molecular and cell biology and physiology in the regulation of tissue function in health and disease.
Direct EBUS‐guided transtracheal lymphosclerosis for plastic bronchitis after Fontan
Authors: Hubrechts Jelena , Dooms Christophe , Maleux Geert , Gewillig Marc 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe report on a new puncture technique with direct transtracheal mediastinal lymphatic access to treat plastic bronchitis after Fontan repair. High resolution contrast‐enhanced spiral CT identified enlarged lymph nodes in the paratracheal region. Inguinal intranodal Gadolinium Dynamic Contrast‐enhanced Magnetic Resonance lymphangiography (DCMRL) confirmed the pathologic centrifugal lymph flow passing through these lymph nodes before leaking into the bronchial tree. The abnormal hypertrophic paratracheal, subcarinal, and hilar lymph nodes were punctured with a 22G needle through an endobronchial ultrasound bronchoscope. Occlusion of the lymph vessels was obtained by injecting a mixture of lipiodol/NBCA N‐butyl cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl) 5/1 under fluoroscopic control. There was a total remission of PB with now 10 months of follow‐up.
Research on the constraint factors of cellular automaton‐based Shanghai historic landscape island smart integration protection: Taking Shanghai Moller Villa as example
Authors: Wei Zhen , Zhang Wei 
Published: September 2020

SummaryAiming at the typical phenomenon of Shanghai historic landscape islands, the article adopts cellular automaton (CA) smart research method to determine historic landscape island constraint planning factors in accordance with the status quo and characteristics of islands. Taking Shanghai Moller Villa as example, the article standardizes and rasterizes constraint planning factors and therefore affords a solid theoretical foundation to the building of a smart CA constraint model, which greatly contributes a new methodology to historic landscape protection.
Fluorinated Porphycenes: Synthesis, Spectroscopy, Photophysics, and Tautomerism
Authors: Listkowski Arkadiusz , Kharchenko Anastasiia , Ciąćka Piotr , Kijak Michał , Masiera Natalia , Rybakiewicz Renata , Luboradzki Roman , Fita Piotr , Waluk Jacek 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSix porphycenes have been synthesized, bearing one, two, or three fluorine atoms attached directly to the 18‐π‐electron system at themesopositions. These novel compounds have been characterized by structural, electrochemical, and spectral techniques, combined with quantum chemical calculations. In three fluoroporphycenes, the unsymmetric substitution pattern leads to the presence of two nonequivalenttranstautomeric forms. They have been identified using electronic absorption, emission, and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopies. Their relative energies have been estimated for the ground and lowest excited electronic states. Tautomerization potential is quasi‐symmetric in S0, but becomes strongly nonsymmetric in S1. Femtosecond transient absorption studies allowed determination of tautomerization rates, larger and similar for both directions of the double hydrogen transfer in S0, lower and disparate in S1. Fluoroporphycenes emerge as good candidates for detailed studies of mechanisms of double hydrogen transfer, as well as processes responsible for rapid radiationless excited state depopulation.
Consecutive Silver(I) Ion Incorporation into Oligonucleotides containing Cytosine‐Cytosine Mispairs
Authors: Hossain M. Nur , Ahmad Syed , Kraatz Heinz‐Bernhard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHerein, the consecutive incorporation of AgI ion into the dsDNA containing adjacent C−C mispairs is demonstrated. The melting temperature (Tm) was 8 °C higher for DNA containing three C−C mispairs upon the addition of three AgI ions as compared to the AgI‐free DNA, and no Tm was obtained in the presence of excess AgI ion, indicating a stable bridging of C‐AgI−C upon the incorporation of the stoichiometric amount of AgI per C−C mispair. The circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the dsDNA showed a negative peak at ∼270 nm in the presence of excess AgI, implying that significant structural changes and a potential aggregation of DNA occurred. Subsequently, the AgI‐mediated DNA strands are immobilized on Au surfaces. Their electrochemical properties are monitored using CV, EIS and SECM showing increased overpotentials and charge‐transfer resistances, and decreased the rate constant in the presence of an excess of AgI, respectively. These results are further supported by the XPS and sulfide‐Au reductive desorption measurements.
Efficient Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Purine Ribonucleosides and Ribonucleotides
Authors: Chrominski Mikolaj , Kowalska Joanna , Jemielity Jacek 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe protocols presented in this article describe highly detailed synthesis of trifluoromethylated purine nucleotides and nucleosides (G and A). The procedure involves trifluoromethylation of properly protected (acetylated) nucleosides, followed by deprotection leading to key CF3‐containing nucleosides. This gives synthetic access to 8‐CF3‐substituted guanosine derivatives and three adenosine derivatives (8‐CF3, 2‐CF3, and 2,8‐diCF3). In further steps, phosphorylation and phosphate elongation (for selected examples) result in respective trifluoromethylated nucleoside mono‐, di‐, and triphosphates. Support protocols are included for compound handling, purification procedures, analytical sample preparation, and analytical techniques used throughout the performance of the basic protocols. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of trifluoromethylated guanosine and adenosine derivativesBasic Protocol 2: Synthesis of trifluoromethylated guanosine and adenosine monophosphatesBasic Protocol 3: Synthesis of phosphorimidazolides of 8‐CF3GMP and 8‐CF3AMPBasic Protocol 4: Synthesis of trifluoromethylated guanosine and adenosine oligophosphatesSupport Protocol 1: TLC sample preparation and analysisSupport Protocol 2: Purification protocol for Basic Protocol 1Support Protocol 3: HPLC analysis and preparative HPLCSupport Protocol 4: Ion‐exchange chromatography
Phenotypic response of farmer‐selected CWR‐derived rice lines to salt stress in the Mekong Delta
Authors: Tin Huynh Quang , Loi Nguyen Huu , Labarosa Sandy Jan E. , McNally Kenneth L. , McCouch Susan , Kilian Benjamin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBreeding for salt tolerance or abiotic stress, in general, requires rapid but reliable screening protocols that reflect the actual field situation as much as possible. A collection of 200 crop wild relative (CWR)‐derived BC3F3‐4 rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines developed at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) were evaluated by farmers in the Mekong Delta over two seasons for agronomic performance. Fifty stable BC3F5 lines were selected and subsequently screened in hydroponics using three NaCl concentrations to assess their phenotypic response to salt stress. The lines and check varieties were grown in a salinized Yoshida nutrient solution at three concentrations: 68, 102, and 13 mM NaCl. Several lines were identified to be tolerant to salinity stress and ANOVA showed significant differences among genotypes and NaCl concentrations. Root and shoot growth parameters showed an inverse relationship with increasing NaCl concentration. Population genetic analysis suggested four groups of genotypes, where the median salt injury score across the three NaCl concentrations was identified as the main clustering factor. Lines from Cluster 3 were identified as the most promising donors of salt tolerance.
Multioperative reversible gate design with implementation of 1‐bit full adder and subtractor along with energy dissipation analysis
Authors: Riyaz Sadat , Naz Syed Farah , Sharma Vijay Kumar 
Published: September 2020

SummaryNanotechnology and very large‐scale integration (VLSI) fabrication have a reflective productivity. The growth of one demands the growth of the other. In nanotechnology, quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA) secures as the best alternative for replacement of complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology for integrated circuit (IC) fabrication. This paper presents an integration of the two domains wherein a novel ultraefficient, multioperative 3 × 3 universal reversible gate, Sadat Farah Vijay (SFV)‐QCA, is proposed and implemented in QCA technology using majority voter approach. SFV‐QCA gate is redesigned and restructured using precise QCA cell interaction for optimization. The basic logic gates are implemented using the proposed SFV‐QCA gate to validate its universality. All the 13 standard Boolean functions are implemented using SFV‐QCA to demonstrate its multioperation nature. One‐bit full adder and subtractor circuits are designed using SFV‐QCA gate and compared with the previous works. The analysis of the SFV‐QCA gate shows that it is ultraefficient and more robust as compared to previous works. Energy dissipation analysis of the designs has also been presented, and the investigation establishes minimum energy dissipation of the designs that confirms ultrahigh efficient designs.
Chemodiversity and biological activity of essential oils from three species from the Euphorbia genus
Authors: Sinan Kouadio Ibrahime , Etienne Ouattara Katinan , Stefanucci Azzurra , Mollica Adriano , Mahomoodally Mohamad Fawzi , Jugreet Sharmeen , Rocchetti Gabriele , Lucini Luigi , Aktumsek Abdurrahman , Montesano Domenico , Ak Gunes , Zengin Gokhan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeveral studies demonstrated the wide pharmacological properties of extracts and essential oils (EOs) prepared from Euphorbia species. In the present study, the chemical composition and biological activities of EOs from three different Euphorbia species were evaluated using in vitro methods. A total of 29, 33 and 42 constituents were identified in the EOs of E hirta, E convolvuloides and E heterophylla, respectively. The EOs exhibited in vitro radical scavenging potential in the ABTS assay (2.89‐21.50 mg/g). Additionally, an inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (4.23‐5.12 mg/g) was detected. Besides, remarkable tyrosinase inhibition was reported by the EOs (95.24‐113.74 mg/g). Molecular docking was also performed to elucidate the binding interactions between selected EO components and enzymes. Phytol and geranyl‐(E)‐acetone had a good binding with tyrosinase in the molecular docking. This study highlighted the promising pharmacological profiles of these EOs as natural sources of antioxidants as well as cholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibitors that could be further explored in the management of human ailments in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Evaluation of temporal consistency of snow depth drivers of a Rocky Mountain watershed in southern Alberta
Authors: Cartwright Kelsey , Hopkinson Chris , Kienzle Stefan , Rood Stewart B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCollecting spatially representative data over large areas is a challenge within snow monitoring frameworks. Identifying consistent trends in snow accumulation properties enables increased sampling efficiency by minimizing field collection time and/or remote sensing costs. Seasonal snowpack depth estimations during mid‐winter and melt onset conditions were derived from airborne Lidar over the West Castle Watershed in the southern Canadian Rockies on three dates. Each dataset was divided into five sets of snow depth driver classes: elevation, aspect, topographic position index, canopy cover and slope. Datasets were quality controlled by eliminating snow depth values above the 99th percentile value, which had a negligible effect on average snow depths. Consistent trends were observed among driver classes with peak snow accumulation occurring within the treeline ecotone, north‐facing aspects, open canopies, topographic depressions and areas with low slope angle. Although mid‐winter class trends for each driver were similar and watershed‐scale snow depth distributions were significantly correlated (0.76, p < .01), depth distributions within the same driver class of the three datasets were not correlated due to recent snowfall events, redistribution and settling processes. Trends in driver classes during late season melt onset were similar to mid‐winter conditions but watershed scale distribution correlation results varied with seasonality (0.68 mid‐winter 2014 and melt onset 2016; 0.65 mid‐winter 2017 and melt onset 2016, p < .1). This is due to the differing stages of accumulation or ablation and the upward migration in the 0°C isotherm during spring, when snow depth can be declining in valley bottoms while still increasing at higher elevations. The observed consistency in depth driver controls can be used to guide future integrated snow monitoring frameworks.
Controversies in Vitamin D: A Statement From the Third International Conference
Authors: Giustina Andrea , Bouillon Roger , Binkley Neil , Sempos Christopher , Adler Robert A , Bollerslev Jens , Dawson‐Hughes Bess , Ebeling Peter R , Feldman David , Heijboer Annemieke , Jones Glenville , Kovacs Christopher S , Lazaretti‐Castro Marise , Lips Paul , Marcocci Claudio , Minisola Salvatore , Napoli Nicola , Rizzoli Rene , Scragg Robert , White John H , Formenti Anna Maria , Bilezikian John P 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Third International Conference on Controversies in Vitamin D was held in Gubbio, Italy, September 10–13, 2019. The conference was held as a follow‐up to previous meetings held in 2017 and 2018 to address topics of controversy in vitamin D research. The specific topics were selected by the steering committee of the conference and based upon areas that remain controversial from the preceding conferences. Other topics were selected anew that reflect specific topics that have surfaced since the last international conference. Consensus was achieved after formal presentations and open discussions among experts. As will be detailed in this article, consensus was achieved with regard to the following: the importance and prevalence of nutritional rickets, amounts of vitamin D that are typically generated by sun exposure, worldwide prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, the importance of circulating concentrations of 25OHD as the best index of vitamin D stores, definitions and thresholds of vitamin D deficiency, and efficacy of vitamin D analogues in the treatment of psoriasis. Areas of uncertainly and controversy include the following: daily doses of vitamin D needed to maintain a normal level of 25OHD in the general population, recommendations for supplementation in patients with metabolic bone diseases, cutaneous production of vitamin D by UVB exposure, hepatic regulation of 25OHD metabolites, definition of vitamin D excess, vitamin D deficiency in acute illness, vitamin D requirements during reproduction, potential for a broad spectrum of cellular and organ activities under the influence of the vitamin D receptor, and potential links between vitamin D and major human diseases. With specific regard to the latter area, the proceedings of the conference led to recommendations for areas in need of further investigation through appropriately designed intervention trials. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Simultaneous sitting and sizing photovoltaic unit and distribution static compensator in distribution grid considering the effect of geographical conditions
Authors: Shalchi F. , Mozafari B. , Firouz M. Hosseini 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a model to allocate photovoltaic unit (PVU) and distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) that incorporate the operation effect of PVU in sizing and sitting problem. The model is based on the dynamic assessment of PVU production and the effect of it on placement of PVU and DSTATCOM. Geographical conditions are interfered in placement problem of PVU and DSTATCOM simultaneously. The model is verified in a multi‐objective form. The multi‐objective problem is formulated based on voltage stability, liability, power loss and total cost of PVU and DSTATCOM. This problem is solved by employing optimization technique and the results of optimization processes are tested in different scenarios. Uncertainty in network loads is an inevitable task that should be considered in network planning. Uncertainty in the presented model has been defined as a set of divided parts in the presented model. The proposed model has been evaluated on two test system, 33‐bus and 69‐bus. The obtained results indicate that the presented model can be employed to study the intermittent behavior of PVU in placement problem.
Uncertainty evaluation of Climatol's adjustment algorithm applied to daily air temperature time series
Authors: Skrynyk Oleg , Aguilar Enric , Guijarro Jose , Randriamarolaza Luc Yannick Andreas , Bubin Sergiy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present study investigated the uncertainty associated with Climatol's adjustment algorithm applied to daily minimum and maximum air temperature. The uncertainty quantification was performed based on several numerical experiments and the benchmark data that were created in the framework of the INDECIS project. Using a complex approach, the uncertainty was evaluated at different levels of detail (day‐to‐day evaluation through formalism of random functions and six statistical metrics) and time resolution (daily and yearly). However, only the main source of potential residual errors was considered, namely station signals introduced into a raw data set to be homogenized/adjusted. Other influencing factors, such as the averaged correlation between a candidate and references, were removed from the analysis or kept almost unchanged. According to our calculations, the Climatol's adjustment uncertainty, evaluated on the daily scale, varies over time. The width of the residual errors distribution in summer months is substantially less compared with wintertime. The slight seasonality is also observed in the means of the residual errors. The uncertainty evaluation based on the statistical metrics usually neglect such seasonal non‐stationarity of the residual errors providing only assessments averaged over time. On the other hand, the metrics provide detailed information regarding both types of the residual errors, systematic and scatter. The metrics values confirmed good capability of the Climatol software to remove the systematic errors related to jumps in the means, while the scatter errors are removed from the raw time series less efficiently. On the yearly scale, the uncertainty evaluation was performed for the yearly temperature data and several climate extreme indices. Both types of errors are removed well in the yearly time series of the air temperature and the extreme indices. The metrics values showed a significant reduction of the Climatol's adjustment uncertainty. A substantial decrease of the linear trend errors in the yearly time series can also be observed.
Do Postoperative Oral Corticosteroids Improve Results After Sialendoscopy for Ductal Stenosis?
Authors: de Paiva Leite Sandro Henrique , Morton Randall P. , Ahmad Zahoor , Marchal Francis 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesThis study aims to review the effects of short‐ and long‐term oral administration of postoperative corticosteroids in patients undergoing sialendoscopy for the treatment of obstructive sialadenitis due to ductal stenosis.Study DesignProspective comparative study.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted at Manukau Surgical Center in Auckland, New Zealand, where patients undergoing sialendoscopic surgery for recurrent obstructive sialadenitis due to ductal stenoses were reviewed. Univariable and multivariable analysis, and also logistic regression were performed to identify variables correlated with the likelihood of the need for revision surgery for persistent or recurrent symptoms.ResultsIn this study, sialendoscopy was performed in 142 patients: 162 parotid glands (86.6%) and 25 submandibular glands (13.4%). Postoperative oral steroids were prescribed for 48 patients (34%); 19 (13%) were prescribed for less than 7 days and 29 (20%) for more than 7 days. In total, 33 patients (23.2%) required a revision sialendoscopy during follow‐up due to recurrence of symptoms. Oral steroids prescribed for more than 7 days after a sialendoscopy reduced the likelihood of a revision procedure by 93% when compared with patients who did not receive this medication, and by 96% when compared with patients who received steroids for less than 7 days.ConclusionThe results showed that in our population oral administration of corticosteroids for more than 7 days after sialendoscopy for the treatment of recurrent obstructive sialadenitis due to ductal stenosis markedly reduced the need for later revision surgery. Routine use of corticosteroids for more than 7 days is recommended after sialendoscopy in patients with ductal stenosis.Level of EvidenceII Laryngoscope, 131:E1503–E1509, 2021
Fluorinated Polymers via Para‐Fluoro‐Thiol and Thiol‐Bromo Click Step Growth Polymerization
Authors: Zhao Tieshuai , Beyer Valentin P. , Becer Caglar Remzi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClick reactions are utilized widely to modify chain ends and side groups of polymers while click polymerizations based on step‐growth polymerization of bifunctional monomers have recently attracted increased attention of polymer chemists. Herein, the combination of two highly efficient click reactions, namely para‐fluoro‐thiol click and thiol‐bromo substitution reactions, is demonstrated to form fluorinated polymers with tuned hydrophobicity owing to the nature of the dithiol linker compound. The key compound in this study is 2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluoro benzyl bromide that provides the combination of thiol click reactions. The thiols used here are 4,4‐thiobisbenzenthiol, 2,2'‐(ethylenedioxy) diethanethiol, and 1,2‐ethanedithiol that allow tuning of the properties of obtained polymers. The step‐growth click reaction conditions are optimized by screening the effect of reaction temperature, base, solvent, and stochiometric ratio of the compounds. Thermal properties and hydrophobicity of synthesized polymers are determined via water contact angle, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry measurements, showing thermal stability up to 300 °C, glass transition temperatures ranging from −25 to 82 °C and water contact angles ranging from 55 to 90 °C.