bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of concentration and acid types on the acidification process for improving the glycerol concentration and its application as a bio additive
Authors: Dewajani H , Hakim A R , Iswara M A I , Susanti T , Pratiwi D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The rise of biodiesel production resulted in an increase in the formation of glycerol as a by-product. It takes some effort to purified the crude glycerol and convert it into more valuable product. One of these is by converting glycerol into triacetin which can be used as a bio additive in fuel through the acetylation process. This study aims to determine the effect of concentration and type of acid used in the glycerol purification. The purification were done by acidification, adsorption, filtration, distillation and evaporation. The acidification processes used H3PO4, H2SO4, HCl with percentage of 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%. The purified glycerol was analyzed to determine glycerol content, water content, density and viscosity and converted through acetylation reaction using Ni/Zeolite as a catalyst. The reaction products were analyzed by NaOH titration to determine the unreacted acetic acid which is converted into conversion of reaction. It can be concluded that the highest glycerol concentration was achieved in the addition 5% of H3PO4 with glycerol content of 79.59% and glycerol conversion in acetylation reaction of 82.39%. And its application as a bio additive can increase the Octane Number of commercial gasoline by 6.5%.
Characteristics of AC-WC asphalt mixtures with volcanic ash deposits as cement substitutes in filler
Authors: Sufanir A M S , Astor Y , Aulia R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
filler is one of the ingredients functioning as a filler of ribs from a paved mixture. In a flexible pavement structure, the surface layer is the most upper part of the pavement which acts to hold the wheel load and also as a dense layer of water to protect the required road body, with a minimum thickness of 4 cm. This research was conducted by experimental method aiming to know the highest stability value using volcanic ash deposits as a substitute for cement in the filler. The deposits of volcanic ash used are 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the filler weight. The specimen material consists of several types, namely Marshall, PRD, IP, and GMM specimens. Concrete asphalt mixture is designed on the basis of the Marshall method. The results show that the volcanic deposit content is 0% with a stability value of 1133 kg, 15% with 1151 kg stability value, 30% with 1076 kg stability value, 50% with 1056 kg stability value, 70% with 1048 kg stability value, 85% with 1047 kg stability value and 100% with 1121 kg stability value. From these variations, the highest stability value is found in 15% volcanic ash deposition with 1151kg.
Effect of palm shell ash and phosphoric acid chemical solution on subgrade material towards CBR value
Authors: Farhandasi R , Syahril S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Soil stabilization is a process of mixing soil with particular materials to restore engineering properties of soil which is an attempt to change or fix the engineering properties of soil in fulfilling particular technical requirement. The examination result of soil as a subgrade coating conducted in this study is classified as expansive soil. Unfixed subgrade condition may cause various damages on road pavement. Thus, in this study, subgrade repairment was administered by utilizing stabilization method of a mixture palm shell ash (PSA) and phosphoric acid chemical solution. The experiment aims to decrease dependency of cement as stabilization material in regular usage, in order to save cost in economic aspect of infrastructure. This study intends to analyze the effect of palm shell ash and phosphoric acid addition towards CBR value as subgrade construction layer of road pavement. The study outcomes shows several conclusions: (1) the decreasing value of optimal water content, plastic index, and swelling; (2) the increasing value of unsoaked CBR, soaked CBR, and isolated CBR. (3) the stabilization material mixture has been achieved, therefore it can be used as subgrade repairmen on expansive soils for minimum standard of subgrade coating for road pavement.
Experimental characteristic of PET plastic bottle waste addition on asphalt concrete wearing course compound
Authors: Fikri H , Subagja A , Manurung A S D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Optimization of bottle plastic waste with Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) type as additional material for asphalt can be performed by running a test on modified plastic bottle waste for further usage as the asphalt compound. Besides, Indonesia is placed second in the world rank for producing plastic waste into the sea so that waste domestication becomes a necessity to reduce the increasing amount of waste. Moreover, inserting plastic bottle waste is to get the durability of pavement structure in case of deformation tolerance in the traffic load. The study is oriented to the plastic bottle waste called Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET). The study utilizes the wet process method as asphalt additional material. The present study is executed on the Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course compound by using 60/70 asphalt pen which is modified with PET plastic bottle waste by 0%, 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% levels. The study aims to investigate the Marshall parameter of asphalt concrete characteristics with various asphalt PET modifications. The result of the Marshall parameter shows that asphalt optimum level (AOL) for asphalt 0 % is about 5.9, PET asphalt of 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% is about 5.95. Based on the analysis, the optimum level of asphalt concrete compounded with 9% PET has improved stability value of 33% between the usage of optimum modified asphalt and asphalt pen by 60/70.
Experimental test of concrete plate deflection on soft soil improved by prefabricated vertical drain
Authors: Zhafirah A , Syahril S , Somantri A K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The low permeability of soft soils results in slow water flows from the consolidation and the low bearing capacity. The soil improvement that can be used is Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD). The use of PVD significantly reduces the length of the soil pore drainage pathway, so that it can increase the bearing capacity of the soil due to the compaction process from the release of pore water from the soil. Experimental testing in the laboratory was carried out using a steel box measuring 1000 mm × 1000 mm × 1000 mm. There are three samples, soil without PVD and soil with PVD triangular patterns of distances of 100 mm and 150 mm. Preloading is carried out before loading on the concrete plate. Concrete plates measuring 700 mm × 100 mm × 30 mm and load media are proving rings with a capacity of 10 kN. The load placed in the center, the end, and the edge of the plate. The loading test results on a concrete plate on soil with PVD can reduce deflection that occurs compared to soil without PVD. Deflection reduction is more effective for PVD with a distance of 100 mm.
Green space open analysis (RTH) in State Polytechnic of Malang
Authors: Ratnaningsih D , Burhamtoro B , Sasongko R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The increasing number of students, lecturers and staff brings consequences for Politeknik Negeri Malang to improve the facilities and infrastructure. The consequences of the development will impact on the reduction in green open space. The use of green space must be adjusted as a means of supporting education. Based on the identification of several locations that have the potential to be optimized for use through the additional function of green space as public spaces and open study spaces.
Performance mix asphalt concrete wearing course with addition of plastic bottles of polyethylene terephthalate
Authors: Manurung A S D , Sulaiman S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The performance of the modified asphalt concrete pavement structure is done because of the increasing traffic load that occurs along with population growth. The study is needed to review the pavement structure whether it is still able to withstand the load or not at all. An Evaluation was carried out using Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) field data to obtain deflection data. Laboratory testing of UMATTA used modified asphalt mixture using Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) type plastic bottle waste to obtain the relative strength coefficient value as an application combined with secondary data from average daily traffic data on the roads of the Batas Medan City– Batas Lubuk Pakam City. Structural analysis shows that the entire segment requires an added layer with the thickness that is different due to the segmentation performed. In this study to maintain the required service level, namely SCI>1, the pavement must receive periodic maintenance and routine maintenance. elated to using asphalt modification using PET will produce a lower pavement thickness of 11 cm compared to the pavement thickness by the 2017 Pavement Design Manual standard of 16 cm.
Performance of petung bamboo strip with anchor screw nails on the reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Maulidin A , Mujiman M , Kasyanto H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Steel is the main material used as reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures. Naturally, the number of steels used rapidly increase every year. The increase has an effect on the availability of steel’s main raw materials which is iron ore, a non-renewable natural resource. Therefore, an alternative steel replacement material is needed. Bamboo is chosen as an alternative substitute for reinforcing steel in reinforced concrete structures. In this study, petung bamboo caps anchored using screw nails was used as flexible reinforcement in reinforced concrete beams. This study aimed to analyze the behavior of load and deflection relationships in the flexural capacity of bamboo reinforced concrete beams against steel reinforced concrete beams. There were 6 beams used as specimens, consisting of 2 bamboo reinforced concrete beams with 1cm long screws, 2 bamboo reinforcing beams with 2 cm long screw nails, and 2 beams with 12 mm diameter steel reinforcement as a control beam. The results showed the flexural strength of bamboo reinforced concrete beams with 1 and cm hook length was 44.32 kN and 46.98 kN or 48.64% and 51.56 compared to steel reinforced concrete beams with flexural strength values of 91.10 kN.
Rowe cell testing to determine peat soil consolidation parameters
Authors: Yuswandono M , Suyono A , Rabiya R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Peat soils are characterized by their strong low shear, high water content, large traction, and low carrying capacity. Many constructions that are built on peat soil experienced a ground settlement problem over a long period of time. To better understand this phenomenon, a consolidation testing will be made using rowe cell testing system. The advantages of this rowe cell are its ability to measure the saturation value of the sample soil tested and the water pressure of pores at the beginning and end of each phase of consolidation. The peat soil used in this research was taken from Rawa Pening, Semarang because of the construction of many buildings built in the area. From the results of the research obtained the value of soil ability (Cc) and the coefficient of speed consolidation (Cv). For the Cc value of peat soil is an average of 0.50 and Cv value of 167.99 cm2 per minute. As for the average cavity of soil pore (e) amounted to 14.81. The value of 14,81 is know the size of the soil cavity and density. This is all to know the parameters and factors that occur at the time of consolidation.
Structural behavior of lightweight interlocking brick system
Authors: Rasidi N , Rochman T , Sumardi S , Purnomo F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Lightweight interlocking brick is one alternative to replace conventional clay brick through combustion. This study is related to the design of the proportion of interlocking light brick mixtures as well as concrete sand and foam agent in various percentages and found the optimal percentage of foam agent by testing cylindrical specimens casted for 28 days compressive strength and finally testing each others lightweight brick shear strength lock in full scale model. The final report provided the results of investigative experiments in which compressive strength, water absorption and density were investigated using the optimal percentage of the proportion of foam agent, sand, cement, and aggregate mixture. In conclusion, The results obtained from this experiment are the compressive strength lightweight interlocking brick with the addition of 0% fiberglass of 2.27 MPa,1% fiberglass addition of 2.88 MPa, 3% fiberglass addition of 2.91 MPa, the addition of fiberglass 6% of 2.88 MPa, addition of 9% fiberglass of 2.94 MPa and flexural lateral compressive strength test at a maximum load of 11,084 kg/cm2 with a deflection of 6,405 mm. Horizontal shear test results are 1,218 kg/cm2 and for diagonal shear testing is 0.398 kg/cm2. The total production cost of interlocking light bricks is IDR 786,000 per cubic meter more expensive than normal light bricks.
Substructure reinforcement study of Cisomang bridge at Purwakarta-Bandung-Cileunyi toll road, West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Hendry H , Somantri A K , Febriansya A , Nurhadi M D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
At the end of 2016, significant displacement occurred at P2 pier of Cisomang Bridge at Purwakarta-Bandung-Cileunyi toll road KM 100+700, West Java. The shift of pier is caused by the movement of soil under the substructure that has been indicated since 2012. P2 pier is constructed over clay shale. Clay shale has characteristics when in dry condition, the soil has high shear strength, but when the soil absorbs water or expose in open air, the soil loses its strength. P2 pier displacement results in extreme structural damage, so immediate handling is needed to stop the shifting of the pier. Analysis and reinforcement study are carried out using finite element method. Based on analysis, it is discovered that the existing slope stability safety factor of P2 pier is 1.09, indicating that the soil movement can occur if the clay shale is disrupted. Reinforcement is designed to mitigate the shift of the P2 pier by adding 38 pile foundations to the existing foundation configuration. Each pile has diameter of 1.2 meter with a depth of ±30 meter across the existing slip circle. Reinforcement increases the slope stability safety factor to 1.25, indicating that the P2 pier after reinforcing is in safe condition.
System for determining lahar disaster status using machine learning method
Authors: Hapsari R I , Sugna B A I , Rohadi E , Asmara R A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Lahar disaster is an event of material transport such as sand, gravel, and rocks following volcanic eruption that is triggered by intense rainfall. The disaster on the slope volcano induces a potential loss that include casualty, damage or loss of property, and environmental disruption. Therefore, a system of lahar flood warning system is needed to help determining the status of flood disasters on the volcano slope. In this study the system of lahar vulnerability estimation is developed. The target area is a river on Merapi volcano Indonesia. Naïve Bayes Classifier Method is applied to classify areas categorized as flood-prone zones or safe zones. The determining factors are spatially distributed rainfall intensity from X-band weather radar, topographical factor, and soil type. This research has produced a flood disaster status determination system on the slopes of Merapi with an accuracy rate of 84.6%, from the results of taking 10% of the training data. The output of this system is an information system shown in vulnerability map that provides information about the status of susceptible zones to lahar flow.
The characteristics of Asphalt Concrete – Wearing Course (AC-WC) mixture using Buton Rock Asphalt (BRA) with Oily Sludge (OS) as a rejuvenator
Authors: Astor Y , Sufanir A M S , Utari W Z 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Indonesia is a country that has an abundant supply of natural asphalt, namely Buton Rock Asphalt (BRA). The problems faced by the BRA pavement as a binder is the quality of asphalt concrete produced cannot yet compete the oil asphalt pavement as a binder. Therefore, researchers use Oily Sludge (OS) as a BRA rejuvenator. In this study, a test is conducted to identify the behavior and characteristics of Marshall and dynamic stability on the mixture of Asphalt Concrete – Wearing Course (AC-WC) with the use of BRA as a binder and an OS as the rejuvenation material of BRA. The variation of asphalt content used are 4,5%, 5%, 5,5%, 6%, and 6,5%. Based on the result of the test, the dynamic stability value of asphalt and BRA mixture that has been rejuvenated has a higher dynamic stability value than the mixture without BRA.
The road drainage planning for flood control in Dr. Djunjunan road, Pasteur – Bandung
Authors: Damayanti M , Sutrisno M , Karnisah I 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Recently, flood is an important phenomenon which often occurs in cities recently. The Case of this paper is the flood in Dr. Junjunan Road which is the one of high density roads in Bandung and the main road to Cipularang Toll Road. The flood’s inundation depth on this road is up to 40-50cm, and the average of flood duration is about 30 minutes. The rainfall used for calculation in this research is a return period 25 years with the rainfall value of 80.1 mm. The solution for reducing the floods is by increasing the drainage capacity as well as increasing the water infiltration to the ground. The research method uses the physical experimental model, using the scale mode of 1:30. The experimental results are tested through validation process using Hec-RAS 5.0.7. The experiment uses two variables, in which changing two drainage streams and diverting a river which leads to Citepus river through Box Culvert. The results of the validating model indicate that increasing the drainage capacity along the Road is the most effective solution in decreasing the potential of floods.
The reservoir porous as a solution to control the urban flood in Pagarsih road Bandung
Authors: Darajatun A , Sutrisno M , Budianto B S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Urban floods have become a critical phenomenon recently. Which are mostly caused by the fast increase of building growths. The need of mitigation of floods to save road users becomes an important aspect in urban area. This paper is to find a solution the case of flood in Pagarsih Road which was occurred at 2016 with standard the rain falls cycles for 25 years. The characteristic of Pagarsih Road floods is due to the overflow of Citepus River which lays beside the road. A kind of the road infrastructure proposed to solve the problem is a porous reservoir which functioned as the water storage of run off. The method used in this research is a simulation using a physical model as well as the manual calculation using Hec Ras. The model is to simulate the existing condition as well as the proposed solutions. The alternative solution developed is tested by providing several reservoir volumes and also by adding porous facilities to increase the reservoir capacity. The validation test is carried out by using HECRAS-5.0.7 to achieve a certain reliable solution. The result shows that the reservoir storage capacity is the dominant parameter to mitigate the risk of floods.
The solution of traffic congestion due to side frictions along the market area at national arterial road Tanjungsari Sumedang
Authors: Assaury M S , Sutrisno M , Astor Y 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Side frictions along the market area of Tanjungsari often cause traffic congestion during peak hours. The traffic congestions are caused by the high frequency of side frictions, which may decrease the effective road capacity. This paper to seek the influence of the dominant side frictions using the degree of saturation, as well as provide some effective alternative solutions to rural standard for 10 years. The two alternatives solutions, such as by widening road up to 2 meters and detouring with widening road up to 3.5 meters. Are the analysis results shows that, the most effective alternative solution is a detouring with widening road up to 3.5 meters because it can correspond with rural standards for next 10 years. The other reason considering the operation of Cisumdawu toll road may reduce traffic flow by 28% to 34% along market area using rural service standard. The predicted result, which relies on degree of saturation when Cisumdawu toll road has been operated is 0,51 for the direction of Bandung-Sumedang, otherwise is 0,74 of Sumedang-Bandung.
Cognitive artificial intelligence application to cyber defense
Authors: Sumari A D W , Setiawan A , Syamsiana I N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Predicting or estimating the occurrence of a cyberattack has been a challenge for various sectors including defense one. In this paper we propose a new method for making a prediction or an estimation of the occurrence of cyberattacks in terms of the attack type or category and when the attack(s) would be possible to occur. Our method based on Cognitive Artificial Intelligence (CAI) approach called as Knowledge Growing System (KGS). For this purpose, we did a simulation using random numbers which were generated based on the real data from UNSW-NB15. From the simulation results, we can conclude that CAI is able to deliver a prediction or an estimation of the occurrence of future possible cyberattacks.
Design of the early fire detection based fuzzy logic using multisensor
Authors: Rachman F Z , Yanti N , Hadiyanto H , Suhaedi S , Hidayati Q , Widagda M E P , Saputra B A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to create an early fire detection system based on fuzzy logic. This system provides early warning of fire hazards, reduces the risk of casualties, and is able to be implemented to a wider scale or scope. This system consists of a multisensor to detect fire, smoke and temperature in the room. KY-026 sensor as fire detection, MQ-9 sensor as smoke detection and DS18b20 sensor as temperature detection. The results of the sensor readings are processed by a microcontroller implanted with a Sugeno fuzzy logic method. Sensor input is processed through several stages, namely fuzzification, rule evaluation and deffuzification. The output from this system is a condition value between 1 and 5. The average error of testing between Arduino modules with Matlab is 0.99%.
Fuzzy topsis optimization on expert systems for core competency detection and Islamic religious education student learning achievement at Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri (PTKIN)
Authors: Sutiah S , Supriyono S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The research aims to assess the development and implementation of Fuzzy Topsis optimization on core competency detection expert systems and student learning achievement majoring in Islamic religious education at PTKIN. In the learning process of KKNI based curriculum designed to detect the level of development of core competencies and achievements Study students at the faculty or PAI study Program at PTKIN. The main product development of this research is expert system application With the Fuzzy Topsis method of measuring the indicator Development of Core Competencies (Hard skills and soft skills) and Learning factors that have an effect on student learning achievements. The results of this expert system can help students and lecturers independently to detect how the level of development student core complications, detecting internal learning factors and external influences and measures how they influence to student learning achievements. Optimizing Results of Fuzzy TOPSIS shows optimal results better.