bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Distraction Osteogenesis With Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyether Ether Ketone Bone Pins and a Three-Dimensional Printed Transfer Device to Permit Artifact-Free Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Eley Karen A. , Moazen Mehran , Delso Gaspar , Javidan Maryam , Kaggie Joshua , Kalaskar Deepak M. , Knowles Jonathan C. , Owji Nazanin , Watt-Smith Stephen R. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
To: (1) design an artifact-free 3D-printed MR-safe temporary transfer device, (2) engineer bone-pins from carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone (CFR-PEEK), (3) evaluate the imaging artifacts of CFR-PEEK, and (4) confirm the osteointegration potential of CFR-PEEK, thus enhancing 3D-planning of bony advancements in hemifacial microsomia using sequential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Study Design:
Engineered CRF-PEEK bone pins and a 3D printed ex-fix device were implanted into a sheep head and imaged with MRI and computed tomography . The osseointegration and bony compatibility potential of CFR-PEEK was assessed with scanning electron microscopy images of MC3T3 preosteoblast cells on the surface of the material.

Results:
The CFR-PEEK pins resulted in a signal void equivalent to the dimension of the pin, with no adjacent areas of MR-signal loss or computed tomography artifact. MCT3 cells adhered and proliferated on the surface of the discs by forming a monolayer of cells, confirming compatibility and osseointegration potential.

Conclusion:
A 3D printed transfer device could be utilized temporarily during MRI to permit artifact-free 3D planning. CFR-PEEK pins eliminate imaging artifact permitting sequential MRI examination. In combination, this has the potential to enhance distraction osteogenesis, by permitting accurate three-dimensional planning without ionizing radiation.
ALegionellaeffector ADP-ribosyltransferase inactivates glutamate dehydrogenase
Authors: Black Miles H. , Osinski Adam , Gradowski Marcin , Servage Kelly A. , Pawłowski Krzysztof , Tagliabracci Vincent S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) are a widespread superfamily of enzymes frequently employed in pathogenic strategies of bacteria.Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaire’s disease, has acquired over 330 translocated effectors that showcase remarkable biochemical and structural diversity. Here we took a bioinformatic approach to search theLegionellaeffector repertoire for additional divergent members of the ART superfamily and identified an ART domain in Lpg0181. We show thatL.pneumophilaLpg0181 targets a specific class of 120-kDa NAD+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) enzymes found in fungi and protists, including many natural hosts ofLegionella. Lpg0181 targets a conserved arginine residue in the NAD+ -binding pocket of GDH, thereby blocking oxidative deamination of glutamate. While intracellular pathogens employ diverse virulence mechanisms to overcome host-limited nutrient availability, Lpg0181 is––to the best of our knowledge––the first example of aLegionellaeffector which directly targets a host metabolic enzyme.
Dynamic NHE1-Calmodulin complexes of varying stoichiometry and structure regulate Ca2+-dependent NHE1 activation
Authors: Sjøgaard-Frich Lise M. , Prestel Andreas , Pedersen Emilie S. , Severin Marc , Olsen Johan G. , Kragelund Birthe B. , Pedersen Stine F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCalmodulin (CaM) engages in Ca2+-dependent interactions with numerous proteins, including human Na+/H+-exchanger NHE1. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and fibroblasts expressing wildtype and mutant NHE1, we discovered multiple accessible states of this important complex existing in different NHE1:CaM stoichiometries and structures. We solved the NMR solution structure of a ternary complex in which CaM links two NHE1 cytosolic tails.In vitro, stoichiometries and affinities were tunable by variations in NHE1:CaM ratio and calcium ([Ca2+]) and by phosphorylation of S648 in the first CaM-binding α-helix. In cells, Ca2+-CaM-induced NHE1 activity was reduced by mimicking S648 phosphorylation or mutating the first CaM-binding helix, whereas Ca2+-induced NHE1 activity was unaffected by inhibition of Akt, one of several kinases phosphorylating S648. Our results reveal the diversity of NHE1:CaM interactions and suggest that CaM may contribute to NHE1 dimerization. We propose that similar structural diversity is relevant to other CaM complexes.
Specificity and Performance of Nucleocapsid and Spike-based SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Assays
Authors: Tehrani Zahra Rikhtegaran , Saadat Saman , Saleh Ebtehal , Ouyang Xin , Constantine Niel , DeVico Anthony L. , Harris Anthony D , Lewis George K. , Kottilil Shyam , Sajadi Mohammad M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is an urgent need for an accurate antibody test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this paper, we have developed 3 ELISA methods, trimer spike IgA, trimer spike IgG, and nucleocapsid IgG, for detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We evaluated their performance in comparison with four commercial ELISAs, EDI™ Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 ELISA IgG and IgM, Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA IgG and IgA, and one lateral flow assay, DPP® COVID-19 IgM/IgG System (Chembio). Both sensitivity and specificity were evaluated and the causes of false-positive reactions were determined.The assays were compared using 300 pre-epidemic samples and 100 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 samples. The sensitivities and specificities of the assays were as follows: 90%/100% (in-house trimer spike IgA), 90%/99.3% (in-house trimer spike IgG), 89%/98.3% (in-house nucleocapsid IgG), 73.7%/100% (EDI nucleocapsid IgM), 84.5%/95.1% (EDI nucleocapsid IgG), 95%/93.7% (Euroimmun S1 IgA), 82.8%/99.7% (Euroimmun S1 IgG), 82.0%/91.7% (Chembio nucleocapsid IgM), 92%/93.3% (Chembio nucleocapsid IgG).The presumed causes of positive signals from pre-epidemic samples in commercial and in-house assays were mixed. In some cases, positivity varied with assay repetition. In other cases, reactivity was abrogated by competitive inhibition (spiking the sample with analyte prior to performing the assay). In other cases, reactivity was consistently detected but not abrogated by analyte spiking.Overall, there was wide variability in assay performance using our samples, with in-house tests exhibiting the highest combined sensitivity and specificity. The causes of “false positivity” in pre-epidemic samples may be due to plasma antibodies apparently reacting with the analyte, or spurious reactivity may be directed against non-specific components in the assay system. Identification of these targets will be essential to improving assay performance.
Ripples at Edges of Blooming Lilies and Torn Plastic Sheets
Authors: Portet Thomas , Holmes Peter N. , Keller Sarah L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRipples arise at edges of petals of bloomingLilium casablancaflowers and at edges of torn plastic sheets. In both systems, ripples are a consequence of excess length along the edge of a sheet. Through the use of both time-lapse videos of blooming lilies and still images of torn plastic sheets, we find that ripples in both systems are well-described by the scaling relationship, whereais amplitude,wis wavelength, andLis arc length. By approximating that the arc length is proportional to the wavelength, we recover a phenomenological relationship previously reported for self-similar ripple patterns, namely ⟨a⟩ ∝ ⟨w⟩. Our observations imply that a broad class of systems in which morphological changes are driven by excess length along an edge will produce ripples described by.Significance StatementEarly in the blooming process ofLilium casablancaflowers, large ripples appear in the edges of their petals. As blooming progresses, smaller ripples arise on top of the original ones. All ripples are characterized by three variables, an amplitude, a wavelength, and an arc length. Here, we derive an equation that relates these variables. To test the equation, we collect movies of blooming lilies. We find that the equation quantitatively describes single ripples in the petals. The equation is general, so it applies to all systems in which ripples arise by the same mechanism. To illustrate this point, we show that the equation holds for single ripples that appear at the edges of torn plastic sheets.
Reduced placental transfer of antibodies against microbial and vaccine antigens in HIV-infected women in Mozambique
Authors: Alonso Selena , Vidal Marta , Ruiz-Olalla Gemma , González Raquel , Manaca M. Nelia , Jairoce Chenjerai , Vázquez-Santiago Miquel , Balcells Reyes , Vala Anifa , Ruperez María , Cisteró Pau , Fuente-Soro Laura , Cova Marta , Angov Evelina , Nhacolo Arsenio , Sevene Esperança , Aponte John J. , Macete Eusébio , Aguilar Ruth , Mayor Alfredo , Menéndez Clara , Dobaño Carlota , Moncunill Gemma 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAntibody transplacental transfer is essential for conferring protection in newborns against infectious diseases. This transfer may be affected by gestational age and maternal infections, although the effects are not consistent across studies. We measured total IgG and IgG subclasses by quantitative suspension array technology against fourteen pathogens and vaccine antigens, including target of maternal immunization, in 341 delivering HIV− and HIV+ mother-infant pairs from southern Mozambique. Maternal antibody levels were the main determinant of cord antibody levels. HIV broadly reduced the placental transfer and cord levels of IgG and IgG1, but also IgG2 to half of the antigens.Plasmodium falciparumexposure and prematurity were negatively associated with cord antibody levels and placental transfer but this was antigen-subclass dependent. These findings suggest maternal infections may impact the efficacy of maternal immunization and confirm the lower transfer of antibodies as one of the causes underlying increased susceptibility to infections in HIV-exposed infants.
Site-specific amino acid distributions follow a universal shape
Authors: Johnson Mackenzie M. , Wilke Claus O. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn many applications of evolutionary inference, a model of protein evolution needs to be fitted to the amino acid variation at individual sites in a multiple sequence alignment. Most existing models fall into one of two extremes: Either they provide a coarse-grained description that lacks biophysical realism (e.g.dN/dSmodels), or they require a large number of parameters to be fitted (e.g. mutation–selection models). Here, we ask whether a middle ground is possible: Can we obtain a realistic description of site-specific amino acid frequencies while severely restricting the number of free parameters in the model? We show that a distribution with a single free parameter can accurately capture the variation in amino acid frequency at most sites in an alignment, as long as we are willing to restrict our analysis to predicting amino acid frequencies by rank rather than by amino acid identity. This result holds equally well both in alignments of empirical protein sequences and of sequences evolved under a biophysically realistic all-atom force field. Our analysis reveals a near universal shape of the frequency distributions of amino acids. This insight has the potential to lead to new models of evolution that have both increased realism and a limited number of free parameters.
Photomap of the polythenic chromosomes ofDrosophila malerkotlianaandin situmapping of the Hsp83locus
Authors: Félix Pierre Teodósio , dos Santos José Ferreira 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA photomap of the polythenic chromosomes ofD. malerkotlianawas constructed to facilitate the identification of the chromosomal arms and their sections, in order to allow the identification of the breaking points of inversions and the location of the bands marked byin situhybridization. The photomap included the six chromosome arms corresponding to pairs I (chromosome X), II and III, excluding pair IV and Y chromosome, because they were not visualized in the material examined, probably due to their small size. Through thein situhybridization technique with the use of a biotined probe of a fragment of theD. melanogastergene, the Hsp83 locus ofD. malerkotlianawas mapped. The probe hybridized with a frequency of 70% in section 98 of the IIIR chromosome. This is the first mapped gene in the species, and indicates that possibly the IIIR arm ofD. malerkotlianacorresponds to the IIIL arm ofD. melanogaster, where the Hsp83 gene was located.
How Well Do Commonly Used Co-Contraction Indices Approximate Lower Limb Joint Stiffness Trends during Gait?
Authors: Li Geng , Shourijeh Mohammad S. , Ao Di , Patten Carolynn , Fregly Benjamin J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMuscle co-contraction generates joint stiffness to improve stability and accuracy during limb movement but at the expense of higher energetic cost. The quantification of joint stiffness generated from muscle co-contraction is difficult through both experimental and computational means for its benefit and cost to be assessed. Quantification of muscle co-contraction may offer an alternative path for estimating joint stiffness. By choosing the commonly used Co-Contraction Indices (CCIs) to represent muscle co-contraction, this study investigated the feasibility of using CCI to approximate lower limb joint stiffness trends during gait. A calibrated EMG-driven musculoskeletal model of a hemiparetic individual post-stroke from a previous study was used to generate the quantities required for CCI calculation and model-based estimation of joint stiffness. A total of 14 classes of CCIs for various combinations of antagonistic muscle pairs were calculated based on two common CCI formulations, each with 7 types of quantities that included variations of electromyography (EMG) signals and joint moments from the muscles. Correlations between CCIs and model-based estimates of sagittal plane stiffness of the lower extremity joints (hip, knee, ankle) were computed. Although moderate to strong correlation was observed between some CCI formulations and the corresponding joint stiffness, these associations were highly dependent on the methodological choices made for CCI computation. The overall findings of this study were the following: (1) the formulation proposed by Rudolph et al. (2000),CCI1, was more correlated with joint stiffness than that of Falconer and Winter (1985); (2) Moment-basedCCI1from individual antagonistic muscle pairs was more correlated than EMG-basedCCI1; (3) EMG signals with calibrated electromechanical delay and joint moment generated by individual muscle without normalization to a reference value were the most correlated for EMG-basedCCI1and moment-basedCCI1, respectively. The combination of antagonistic muscle pairs for most correlated within each CCI class was also identified. By using CCI to approximate joint stiffness trends, this study may open an alternative path to studying joint stiffness.
Epigenetic Interaction between UTX and DNMT1 Regulates Diet-Induced Myogenic Remodeling in Brown Fat
Authors: Li Fenfen , Jing Jia , Movahed Miranda , Cui Xin , Cao Qiang , Wu Rui , Chen Ziyue , Yu Liqing , Pan Yi , Shi Huidong , Xue Bingzhong , Shi Hang 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBrown adipocytes share the same developmental origin with skeletal muscle. Here we find that a brown adipocyte-to-myocyte remodeling also exists in mature brown adipocytes, and is induced by prolonged high fat diet (HFD) feeding, leading to brown fat dysfunction. This process is regulated by the interaction of epigenetic pathways involving histone and DNA methylation. In mature brown adipocytes, the histone demethylase UTX maintains persistent demethylation of the repressive mark H3K27me3 atPrdm16promoter, leading to highPrdm16expression. PRDM16 then recruits DNA methyltransferase DNMT1 toMyod1promoter, causingMyod1promoter hypermethylation and suppressing its expression. The interaction between PRDM16 and DNMT1 coordinately serves to maintain brown adipocyte identity while repressing myogenic remodeling in mature brown adipocytes, thus promoting their active brown adipocyte thermogenic function. Suppressing this interaction by HFD feeding induces brown adipocyte-to-myocyte remodeling, which limits brown adipocyte thermogenic capacity and compromises diet-induced thermogenesis, leading to the development of obesity.
Characterization of Israeli COVID-19 Outbreak Drivers and Forecasting Using a Versatile Web App
Authors: Getz Wayne M. , Salter Richard , Horvitz Nir , Vissat Ludovica Luisa 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBackgroundNo versatile web app exists that allows epidemiologists and managers around the world to fully analyze the impacts of COVID-19 mitigation. TheNMB-DASAweb app presented here fills this gap.MethodsOur web app uses a model that explicitly identifies a contact class of individuals, symptomatic and asymptomatic classes and a parallel set of response class, subject to lower contact pathogen contact rates. The user inputs a CSV file containing incidence and mortality time series. A default set of parameters is available that can be overwritten through input or online entry, and a subset of these can be fitted to the model using an MLE algorithm. The end of model-fitting and forecasting intervals are specifiable and changes to parameters allows counterfactual and forecasted scenarios to be explored.FindingsWe illustrate the app in the context of the current COVID-19 outbreak in Israel, which can be divided into four distinct phases: an initial outbreak; a social distancing, a social relaxation, and a second wave mitigation phase. Our projections beyond the relaxation phase indicate that an 85% drop in social relaxation rates are needed just to stabilize the current incidence rate and that at least a 95% drop is needed to quell the outbreak.InterpretationOur analysis uses only incidence and mortality rates. In the hands of policy makers and health officers, we believe our web app provides an invaluable tool for evaluating the impacts of different outbreak mitigation policies and measures.FundingThis research was funded by NSF Grant 2032264.
Association of COVID-19-imposed lockdowns and online searches for toothache in Iran
Authors: Sofi-Mahmudi Ahmad , Shamsoddin Erfan , Ghasemi Peyman , Bahar Ali Mehrabi , Azad Mansour Shaban , Sadeghi Ghasem 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association between the lockdowns due to COVID-19 and online searches for toothache in Iran using Google Trends (GT).MethodsWe investigated GT online searches for the search termwithin the past five years. The time frame for data gathering was considered as the initiation and end dates of lockdown in Iran. Relative search volumes (RSVs) for online Google Search queries in 2019 was considered as the control. We performed one-way ANOVA statistical test to identify whether there is a statistical difference for RSV scores between the year 2020 and 2016-2019 for the whole country. Then we investigated the possible association of RSVs in provinces with dentists’ density, prevalence of current daily smokers, Human Development Index (HDI), Internet access, and fluoride concentration in water with linear regression. A p-value<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsWhen comparing 2020 with previous four years, there is a statistically significant difference between RSVs of 2020 with all previous years combined and each of these years (P<0.001 for all of them). In the linear model for the year 2020, HDI (B=-3.29, 95% CI: (−5.80, - 0.78), P=0.012), fluoride concentration (B=-0.13, 95% CI: (−0.24, -0.03), P=0.017), and prevalence of daily smokers (B=0.33, 95% CI: (0.13, 0.53), P=0.002) were significantly associated with RSVs. These covariates were not statistically significant for other years, except for Internet access in 2016 (B=-1.13, 95% CI: (−2.26, 0.00), P=0.050).ConclusionThe RSVs for toothache in 2020 have significantly increased due to COVID-19-imposed lockdowns compared to the same period of the year in the past four years. Knowing that this period mostly overlaps with the national holidays of Nowruz in Iran, reinforces the impacts of lockdowns on people’s CSB about the toothache. In the subnational scale, the RSVs were significantly correlated with HDI, fluoride concentration, and prevalence of daily smokers which emphasises the role of socioeconomic factors in dental health and care-seeking behaviour.
The innate and adaptive immune landscape of SARS-CoV-2-associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) from acute disease to recovery
Authors: Syrimi Eleni , Fennell Eanna , Richter Alex , Vrljicak Pavle , Stark Richard , Ott Sascha , Murray Paul G , Al-Abadi Eslam , Chikermane Ashish , Dawson Pamela , Hackett Scott , Jyothish Deepthi , Kanthimathinathan Hari Krishnan , Monaghan Sean , Nagakumar Prasad , Scholefield Barnaby R , Welch Steven , Khan Naeem , Faustini Sian , Kearns Pamela , Taylor Graham S 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMultisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a life-threatening disease occurring several weeks after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. MIS-C has overlapping clinical features with Kawasaki Disease (KD), a rare childhood vasculitis. MIS-C therapy is largely based on KD treatment protocols but whether these diseases share underpinning immunological perturbations is unknown. We performed deep immune profiling on blood samples from healthy children and patients with MIS-C or KD. Acute MIS-C patients had highly activated neutrophils, classical monocytes and memory CD8+ T-cells; increased frequencies of B-cell plasmablasts and CD27-IgD-double-negative B-cells; and increased levels of pro-inflammatory (IL6, IL18, IP10, MCP1) but also anti-inflammatory (IL-10, IL1-RA, sTNFR1, sTNFR2) cytokines. Increased neutrophil count correlated with inflammation,cardiac dysfunction and disease severity. Two days after intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment, MIS-C patients had increased CD163 expression on monocytes, expansion of a novel population of immature neutrophils, and decreased levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the blood accompanied by a transient increase in arginase in some patients. Our data show MIS-C and KD share substantial immunopathology and identify potential new mechanisms of action for IVIG, a widely used anti-inflammatory drug used to treat MIS-C, KD and other inflammatory diseases.