bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hook plate with or without coracoclavicular ligament augmentation in the treatment of acute acromioclavicular separation
Authors: Liu Chung-Ting , Yang Ten-Fang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcromioclavicular (AC) separation can be treated with the use of a hook plate. Some studies have reported that coracoclavicular (CC) ligament augmentation is necessary to reduce the complications of hook plate fixation, whereas others recommend hook plate fixation alone without augmentation. The aim of this study was to compare the results and complications between these two groups.MethodsThis was an observational case-control study. Patients with acute (less than 2 weeks) Rockwood type V AC separation were treated with a hook plate at our hospital. A total of 105 cases received hook plate fixation with CC ligament augmentation (group I), and 112 cases received hook plate fixation without augmentation (group II). Constant-Murley scores were used to evaluate the function before and after implant removal, and radiographs were taken to evaluate the complications. The results and complications were compared between groups.ResultsBefore removal, the Constant-Murley score was significantly higher in group I (mean, 50.1) than in group II (mean, 42.6) (p = 0.004); however, there was no significant difference between groups at 3 and 6 months after removal. The incidence of significant acromion osteolysis was higher in group II (65/112) than in group I (25/105). Before removal, the patients with significant acromion osteolysis had worse Constant-Murley scores than those of the patients without osteolysis in both groups. The incidence of peri-implant fracture of the hook plate was higher in group II (8/112) than in group I (1/105).ConclusionThe patients without CC ligament augmentation had worse functional results before hook plate removal, a higher incidence of radiographic acromion osteolysis, and a higher incidence of peri-implant fractures than those patients with CC ligament augmentation. Therefore, CC ligament augmentation is highly recommended to improve short-term outcomes and decrease complications for Rockwood type V AC separation treated by hook plate.
Feasibility, technique and accuracy of ultrasound-guided transurethral injections into the urinary sphincter of female cadavers: proof of concept
Authors: Schmid Florian A. , Gascho Dominic , Zoelch Niklaus , Prange Jenny A. , Colacicco Giovanni , Eberli Daniel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe injection of muscle precursor cells (MPC) into the external urinary sphincter muscle (EUS) is a promising therapeutic option for regenerative treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The objective of the present project was to conduct a pre-clinical trial to investigate the feasibility and accuracy of ultrasound (US) guided, transurethral injections into the EUS of female cadavers.MethodsThis is a prospective, anatomical, interventional and radiological cadaveric laboratory investigation. Two urologists performed transurethral US-guided injections to deliver nano-iron particles into the EUS. The intervention was performed in three unfixed, fresh female cadavers. Each cadaver received MRI before and CT as well as MRI of the pelvis after the injections.ResultsThe precision and accumulation of nano-iron particles in the EUS was compared using a rating scale to evaluate left versus right and anterior versus posterior distribution in axial and sagittal orientation with US, MRI and CT. The accuracy of our US-guided injections into the anterior target region yielded 4 points on the rating scale. Adequate precision and accumulation of particles in the left versus right EUS were also demonstrated (3 vs. 3.33 points, respectively). Signal intensity in MRI revealed a mean ratio of 0.33 before and after injection. CT scans showed no relevant artefacts impairing the assessment.ConclusionUS-guided, transurethral injection into the EUS is feasible and imaging reveals a precise accumulation in the target region. Our method provides an appropriate approach to deliver MPC in the EUS muscle for a regenerative treatment of SUI in the near future.
Evaluating the integration of pre-mortem body donor imaging into a dissection-based medical anatomy course
Authors: McBain Kimberly , Azimov Brandon , O’Brien Jeremy , Noël Geoffroy P. J. C. , Ventura Nicole M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMedical faculties are currently embracing a modernistic approach to anatomical education that integrates diagnostic imaging largely through post-mortem computed tomography scanning of body donors. Post-mortem imaging, however, poses a multitude of challenges. The purpose of this study was to assess the implementation of pre-mortem donor-specific diagnostic imaging on student learning and dissection experience in addition to understanding the potential impact on students’ preparation for clinical practice.MethodsStudents in a fourth-year medicine elective course were divided into groups; group 1 received pre-mortem donor-specific diagnostic imaging, while group 2 received pathology-specific diagnostic imaging, a collection of images relating to the type(s) of pathologies the donors exhibited, though not specific to the donors themselves. Both groups also received a donor-specific case vignette. A convergent, parallel mixed methods design was employed. This included integrating data from group responses to a study participant survey and students’ academic assessment scores analyzed quantitatively through statistical analyses with data from focus group sessions investigating the psychosocial aspects of the student dissection experience and perceptions of the imaging use in the course analyzed qualitatively.ResultsAs compared to students receiving pathology-specific diagnostic imaging, the quantitative results demonstrated that students receiving pre-mortem donor-specific diagnostic imaging more positively supported the relevancy of diagnostic imaging to their understanding of anatomy, valued the integration for future practice, and suggested an earlier integration within their medical curriculum. Qualitatively, two main themes were observed: the influence of diagnostic imaging integration on dissection experience and on professional mindset. Although both student groups received imaging corresponding to their body donor, consideration towards the humanistic nature of the body donor as a patient with a history was limited to student feedback from the donor- specific diagnostic imaging group.ConclusionOverall the integration of pre-mortem donor-specific diagnostic imaging into anatomical dissection provided students with practical skill development, an enhanced dissection experience, and reinforced personal qualities critical for future practice.
Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti mosquito bite hypersensitivity in a dog: a case report
Authors: Tahir Djamel , Meyer Leon Nicolaas , Lekouch Nouha , Varloud Marie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Mosquitoes are vectors of several pathogens of considerable importance to humans and companion animals, including nematode helminths such as Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens that cause heartworm disease and subcutaneous dirofilariosis, respectively. In addition to mosquito-borne pathogen transmission, mosquito bites can cause discomfort and irritation in pets, and even lead to severe hypersensitivity reactions. In the present study, we report an acute local hypersensitivity reaction in a dog following experimental exposure to Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti.

Case presentation
A healthy six-year-old male beagle was included in an efficacy study in which dogs (n = 28) were exposed to Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. On Day − 6, the dog was allocated to one of the study groups, consisting of seven dogs to be treated on Day 0 with an imidacloprid/flumethrin collar. After sedation, animals were exposed to approximately 50 females of Ae. aegypti for 60 (± 5) minutes on Days − 6, 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 55, and 83. On Day − 6, no allergic reaction to the mosquito bites was observed. However, on Day 1, corresponding to the second challenge, the dog demonstrated an acute allergic reaction characterized by swelling of the face (especially in the base of the muzzle and around the eyes), redness of the eyes, and conjunctival edema of the right eye was also observed. The dog was immediately treated with an intramuscular injection of a commercially available antihistamine treatment, Pen-Hista-Strep® containing a suspension of benzylpenicillin, chlorphenamine, dexamethasone, dihydrostreptomycin, and procaine at a dosage of 1 mL per 10 kg. A few hours after treatment, the dog showed noticeable improvement.

Conclusions
This case provides the first evidence of canine acute local hypersensitivity reaction to mosquito bites under laboratory conditions. This observation suggests that invasive mosquito species such as Aedes spp. may affect the health and comfort of our companion animals, especially for pets with outdoor access without individual protective measures against insect bites.
“Caballo”: risk environments, drug sharing and the emergence of a hepatitis C virus epidemic among people who inject drugs in Puerto Rico
Authors: Abadie R. , Dombrowski K. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Sharing drug injection equipment has been associated with the transmission of HCV among PWID through blood contained in the cooker and cotton used to prepare and divide up the drug solution. While epidemiologists often subsume this practice under the sharing of “ancillary equipment,” more attention should be paid to the fact that indirect sharing takes place within the process of joint drug acquisition and preparation.

Methods
We employed an ethnographic approach observing active PWID (N = 33) in four rural towns in Puerto Rico in order to document drug sharing arrangements involved in “caballo”, as this practice is locally known. We explored partners’ motivation to engage in drug sharing, as well as its social organization, social roles and existing norms.

Findings
Findings suggest that drug sharing, is one of the main drivers of the HCV epidemic in this population. Lack of financial resources, drug packaging, drug of choice and the desire to avoid the painful effects of heroin withdrawal motivates participants’ decision to partner with somebody else, sharing injection equipment—and risk—in the process. Roles are not fixed, changing not only according to caballo partners, but also, power dynamics.

Conclusion
In order to curb the HCV epidemic, harm reduction policies should recognize the particular sociocultural contexts in which people inject drugs and make decisions about risk. Avoiding sharing of injection equipment within an arrangement between PWID to acquire and use drugs is more complex than assumed by harm reduction interventions. Moving beyond individual risk behaviors, a risk environment approach suggest that poverty, and a strict drug policy that encourage users to carry small amounts of illicit substances, and a lack of HCV treatment among other factors, contribute to HCV transmission.
Lung metastases from intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: a case report
Authors: Fujino Rika , Masuoka Yoshihito , Mashiko Taro , Nakano Akira , Hirabayashi Kenichi , Nakagohri Toshio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is considered a pre-cancerous biliary lesion and/or an early cancer lesion, although its classification remains unclear. The 2019 revised edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Digestive System proposed type 1 and type 2 as new classification categories, and meta-analyses and/or multi-center cohort studies are beginning to be reported. However, treatment for IPNB recurrence and metastasis remains unclear.

Case presentation
A 60-year-old man who was referred to our hospital after a suspected liver tumor was diagnosed using abdominal ultrasonography. Imaging findings revealed an irregularly shaped tumor in segment 5 (S5) of the liver (size 20 mm). The S5 lesion was suspected as IPNB, and segmentectomy was performed. The pathological findings revealed invasive carcinoma derived from IPNB, and immunohistochemistry revealed positive expression of MUC1, MUC5AC, and MUC6, but negative expression of CDX2 and MUC2. At 9 months after the surgery, computed tomography revealed a tumor in the right bile duct, which was diagnosed as liver recurrence of IPNB, and right hepatectomy was performed. The histopathological findings were the same as for the first resected specimen (i.e., IPNB). At 45 months after the second surgery, computed tomography revealed nodules in both lungs, which were diagnosed as lung metastases from IPNB and resected in two separate procedures. The pathological findings were metastatic carcinoma from IPNB for both lung lesions. The patient is currently alive and undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy (S-1), which was initiated 64 months after the first resection and 12 months after resection of the lung metastases.

Conclusion
We encountered a rare case of lung metastases from IPNB, which were diagnosed immunohistologically. Because IPNB is generally a slow-growing tumor, resection may be feasible for IPNB recurrence and/or metastasis, which may be detected during long-term follow-up. Thus, even if resection is performed for primary IPNB, additional surgical treatment may be feasible in this setting.
Yes-associated protein (YAP) induces a secretome phenotype and transcriptionally regulates plasminogen activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Marquard Simone , Thomann Stefan , Weiler Sofia M. E. , Bissinger Michaela , Lutz Teresa , Sticht Carsten , Tóth Marcell , de la Torre Carolina , Gretz Norbert , Straub Beate K. , Marquardt Jens , Schirmacher Peter , Breuhahn Kai 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Overexpression and nuclear enrichment of the oncogene yes-associated protein (YAP) cause tumor initiation and support tumor progression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via cell autonomous mechanisms. However, how YAP expression in tumor cells affects intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment is not well understood.

Methods
To investigate how tumor cell-derived YAP is changing the paracrine communication network between tumor cells and non-neoplastic cells in hepatocarcinogenesis, the expression and secretion of cytokines, growth factors and chemokines were analyzed in transgenic mice with liver-specific and inducible expression of constitutively active YAP (YAPS127A). Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed using primary isolated hepatocytes and blood plasma. In vitro, RNAinterference (RNAi), expression profiling, functional analyses and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses of YAP and the transcription factor TEA domain transcription factor 4 (TEAD4) were performed using immortalized cell lines. Findings were confirmed in cohorts of HCC patients at the transcript and protein levels.

Results
YAP overexpression induced the expression and secretion of many paracrine-acting factors with potential impact on tumorous or non-neoplastic cells (e.g. plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13), CXCL16). Expression analyses of human HCC patients showed an overexpression of PAI-1 in human HCC tissues and a correlation with poor overall survival as well as early cancer recurrence. PAI-1 statistically correlated with genes typically induced by YAP, such as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and cysteine rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) or YAP-dependent gene signatures (CIN4/25). In vitro, YAP inhibition diminished the expression and secretion of PAI-1 in murine and human liver cancer cell lines. PAI-1 affected the expression of genes involved in cellular senescence and oncogene-induced senescence was confirmed in YAPS127A transgenic mice. Silencing of TEAD4 as well as treatment with the YAP/TEAD interfering substance Verteporfin reduced PAI-1 expression. ChIP analyses confirmed the binding of YAP and TEAD4 to the gene promoter of PAI-1 (SERPINE1).

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that the oncogene YAP changes the secretome response of hepatocytes and hepatocyte-derived tumor cells. In this context, the secreted protein PAI-1 is transcriptionally regulated by YAP in hepatocarcinogenesis. Perturbation of these YAP-dependent communication hubs including PAI-1 may represent a promising pharmacological approach in tumors with YAP overexpression.
Socio-economic and demographic predictors of unmet need for contraception among young women in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from cross-sectional surveys
Authors: Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Seidu Abdul-Aziz 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Globally, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) bears the highest proportion of women with unmet need for contraception as nearly 25% of women of reproductive age in the sub-region have unmet need for contraception. Unmet need for contraception is predominant among young women. We examined the association between socio-economic and demographic factors and unmet need for contraception among young women in SSA.

Methods
Data for this study obtained from current Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018 in 30 sub-Saharan African countries. The sample size consisted of young women (aged 15–24), who were either married or cohabiting and had complete cases on all the variables of interest (N = 59,864). Both bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed using STATA version 14.0.

Results
The overall prevalence of unmet need for contraception among young women was 26.90% [95% CI: 23.82–29.921], ranging from 11.30% [95% CI: 5.1–17.49] in Zimbabwe to 46.7% [95% CI: 36.92–56.48] in Comoros. Results on socio-economic status and unmet need for contraception showed that young women who had primary [aOR = 1.18; CI = 1.12–1.25, p < 0.001] and secondary/higher levels of formal education [aOR = 1.27; CI = 1.20–1.35, p < 0.001] had higher odds of unmet need for contraception compared to those with no formal education. With wealth status, young women in the richest wealth quintile had lower odds of unmet need for contraception compared with those in the poorest wealth quintile [aOR = 0.89; CI = 0.81–0.97, p < 0.01]. With the demographic factors, the odds of unmet need for contraception was lower among young women aged 20–24 [aOR = 0.74; CI = 0.70–0.77, p < 0.001], compared with 15–19 aged young women. Also, young women who were cohabiting had higher odds of unmet need for contraception compared to those who were married [aOR = 1.35; CI = 1.28–1.43, p < 0.001].

Conclusion
Our study has demonstrated that unmet need for contraception is relatively high among young women in SSA and this is associated with socio-economic status. Age, marital status, parity, occupation, sex of household head, and access to mass media (newspaper) are also associated with unmet need for contraception. It is therefore, prudent that organisations such as UNICEF and UNFPA and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation who have implemented policies and programmes on contraception meant towards reducing unmet need for contraception among women take these factors into consideration when designing interventions in sub-Saharan African countries to address the problem of high unmet need for contraception among young women.
Clinical features and efficacy of antiviral drug, Arbidol in 220 nonemergency COVID‐19 patients from East-West-Lake Shelter Hospital in Wuhan: a retrospective case series
Authors: Gao Wei , Chen Si , Wang Kun , Chen Rongzhang , Guo Qian , Lu Jingjing , Wu Xiaodong , He Yanan , Yan Qiaoyun , Wang Shengyun , Wang Feilong , Jin Li , Hua Jing , Li Qiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective
We aimed to describe the features of 220 nonemergency (mild or common type) COVID-19 patients from a shelter hospital, as well as evaluate the efficiency of antiviral drug, Arbidol in their disease progressions.

Methods
Basic clinical characteristics were described and the efficacy of Arbidol was evaluated based on gender, age, maximum body temperature of the patients.

Results
Basically, males had a higher risk of fever and more onset symptoms than females. Arbidol could accelerate fever recovery and viral clearance in respiratory specimens, particularly in males. Arbidol also contributed to shorter hospital stay without obvious adverse reactions.

Conclusions
In the retrospective COVID-19 cohort, gender was one of the important factors affecting patient's conditions. Arbidol showed several beneficial effects in these patients, especially in males. This study brought more researches enlightenment in understanding the emerging infectious disease.
Plants, food and treatments used by BaKongo tribes in Uíge (northern Angola) to affect the quality and quantity of human breast milk
Authors: Jendras Gesine , Monizi Mawunu , Neinhuis Christoph , Lautenschläger Thea 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAngola has one of the highest annual under-five mortality rates in in the world and malnutrition poses a severe problem in the country. This study is the first to focus on the traditional knowledge of plants, foods, and treatments used by the local population in the province of Uíge to affect the quality and quantity of human breast milk, since decades of independence and civil war impeded ethnobotanical studies in this area.MethodsThis study was conducted in eight municipalities in the province of Uíge, Northern Angola in February and March 2018. In 265 semi-structured interviews, 360 informants in 40 rural villages were asked about plants, food, and treatments used to affect the quality and quantity of human breast milk. Additionally, information on child mortality and the duration of breastfeeding were collected. Whenever possible, plant specimens were collected for later identification. To determine the local importance of the collected plants, food, and treatments, the Relative Frequency of Citations was calculated.ResultsMost women reported to have no problems with their breast milk production. The duration of breastfeeding meets the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). Across all use categories, 69 plants from 36 plant families, and 21 other foods and treatments could be identified.ConclusionsThe study shows an overview of a variety of plants, foods, and treatments used by mothers as galactagogues, to “clean” or to reduce their breast milk and those which they avoided to use during the lactation period. There is great potential for further research into this traditional knowledge. Also, further analysis of some of the plants could be of interest.