bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agricultural Labour Colonies of Smolensk Governorate, 1918–1929
Authors: Yankovich Pavel 
Published: November 2020

Since the second half of the XVIII century a new view of the punishment
purpose in criminal law has been formed. According to the theory of the great
Italian thinker and jurist C. Beccarria the purpose of punishment «is not to torture
and torment a person, but to prevent the perpetrator from harming society
again and to keep others from doing the same». This formulation of the definition
gave a new impetus to the development of Russian penitentiary system. New
methods have been actively used to correct the prisoner. Gradually, work becomes the main way to influence prisoners, its main task is to train prisoners to
work and earn money in honest way, to give them an opportunity to acquire some professional skills, so that after serving their sentence they can more easily
adapt to the life outside the correctional institution, thereby it reduces the number of recidivism.
On November 22, 1918 the Central Punitive Department of the People’s Commissariat of Justice of the RSFSR issued a circular «On the Creation of Agricultural
Labor Colonies». As a result, various colonies were created everywhere, including in Smolensk Governorate. In the article the author describes types of agricultural activities carried out by the colonists in the governorate, their work specifics, as well as the role of agricultural colonies in the domestic
penitentiary system in the 1920s.
Uji Efektivitas GELL Obat Jerawat Dari Ekstrak Etanol Buah Pare (Momordica charantia L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: Sari Herviani , Fahdi Firdaus 
Published: November 2020

Bacterial infection is a major factor in causing acne. The causes of acne are many (multifactorial), including genetic, endocrine, dietary factors, the activity of the sebaceous glands themselves, psychological factors, mucin, infection by Propionibacterium acne, cosmetics, and other chemicals. Pare extract can be formulated as a gell pimple, which can inhibit the growth of propionibacterium acne. The samples in this study were gell preparations of the ethanol extract of bitter melon with a concentration of 5%, 7.5%, 10%. Based on the results obtained, the addition of the ethanol extract concentration of bitter melon fruit depends on the extract produced. The higher the concentration of gell preparations, the better it is to inhibit bacterial growth. The results showing that pare fruit extract with a concetration of 5%, 7,5%, 10%, and as gell verile 0,025% get a variety of results. And a good resistance zone on the three concentrations that are most close to verile effectiveness is 10% concentration. In conclusion, bitter melon extract can be formulated as an acne medication that can inhibit the growth of the Propionibacterium acnes bacteria.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS GEL KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BANGUN-BANGUN (Coleus amboinicus L.) DAN DAUN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guieensis Jacq) SEBAGAI OBAT LUKA BAKAR TAHUN 2020
Authors: Gultom Evi Depiana 
Published: November 2020

Coleus amboinicus L leaves and Elaeis guieensis Jacq leaves contain various secondary metabolites such as saponins, tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids that function in wound healing. The purpose of this study was to determine the healing effect of burns using a gel preparation combination of ethanolic extract of Coleus amboinicus L. (EECAL) And ethanolic extract of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (EEEGJ) In healing burns. Coleus amboinicus L leaves and Elaeis guieensis Jacq leaves contain are separated from the petiole and then dried in a drying cupboard so that it becomes a simplicia. Simplisia is extracted by maceration method then evaporated with a rotary evaporator and evaporated again on a water bath to produce a thick extract. EECAL and EEEGJ are then formulated into gel preparations with varying concentrations. Each rabbit was shaved on its back then cleaned with 70% alcohol. Furthermore, rabbits were anesthetized using 0.5 ml Lidocain HCL as much as 0.5 ml subcutaneously. Then mark the part that will be injured with a diameter of 2 cm, by lifting the rabbit skin using tweezers and then made a wound using a hot iron plate that has been sterilized beforehand with 70% alcohol. Wound diameter measurements showed that all treatment groups from day 1 to day 20 experienced changes in wound diameter. EECAL 15% and EEEGJ 10% have a more effective effect in healing of burn than in their single form.
AN EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT PHASES OF DA'WAH ACTIVITIES BY NOTABLE SHAYKHS IN OJO TOWN, LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Paramole Kabir 
Published: November 2020

This paper documents and also evaluates the different phases of da'wah activities by some notable late and old Arabic and Islamic scholars in an ancient town called Ojo. It has been established that, idol worshipping was predominant among the Aworis in Ojo before the advent of Islam there. But with the coming of Islam as a rescue train, da'wah methods were explored by these religious proselytizers not only to gather people into the fold of Islam, but also to orientate them to the fundamental principles of the religion. These da'wah activities underwent various changes in Ojo due to some influencing factors such as the roles of Du'aat, continuous transformation of individual ideologies, etc. The study observed that in order to achieve proper, commendable, reward able and effective da'wah activities in Ojo, modern methodology with sound knowledge of both Arabic and Islamic studies which must be complemented by English language should be acquired by the contemporary and prospective da'wah workers in this progressive locality. It, therefore, recommends that, inclusion of interfaith relationship, meaningful dialogue, economic empowerment, career counseling, purposeful leadership seminars, visitations to orphanages, hospitals, prisons, etc, should form part of their da'wah activities.
Key words:Da'wah, Ojo Town, Activities, Daa'i, Scholars, Different.
KENAIKAN HARGA BARANGAN DAN IMPAKNYA TERHADAP PENDUDUK B40 DI MUAR, JOHOR
Authors: Che Rose Rosniza Aznie , Mutsamy Rajeswary 
Published: November 2020

Muar is a town which is rapidly growing along with the economic development that contributes to the rising prices of goods and services. The hike of the commodity prices has led to a sharp rise in the index of consumer prices and inflation. This situation has significantly impacted the community especially on the B40 group due to insufficient income to afford the high cost of living. On that note, the increase in prices of goods causes the rise of their expenditure and affects their savings. The aim of this study is to identify the impact of rising prices on goods to the B40’s group income as well as their life sustainability and to propose appropriate measures to increase the savings of these population in Muar, Johore. Quantitative method using questionnaire instrument was applied as research methodology by distributing to 100 respondents of the B40 group comprising various races around Muar. Studies have also shown that the survival rate of this group is affected and therefore consumers are forced to adapt their lifestyle to the current cost of living. To overcome this issue, most of the respondents agreed to be prudent by purchasing low quality goods and only prioritizing those necessary items.
Keywords: predunt, living standard, life sustainability, purchasing power, B40 population, inflation

Abstrak: Bandar Muar merupakan sebuah kawasan yang semakin maju seiring dengan pembangunan ekonomi yang turut menyumbang kepada peningkatan harga barang dan perkhidmatan. Kenaikan harga barang secara berterusan sejak kebelakangan ini telah menyebabkan indeks harga pengguna dan kadar inflasi meningkat dengan ketara. Situasi ini memberi kesan yang besar kepada kehidupan rakyat terutamanya golongan B40 akibat ketidakcukupan pendapatan untuk menampung kos hidup yang tinggi. Peningkatan harga barang turut meningkatkan perbelanjaan pengguna serta menjejaskan tabungan mereka. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti impak kenaikan harga barangan terhadap pendapatan, mengenalpasti tahap kelangsungan hidup serta mencadangkan langkah yangbersesuaian bagi meningkatkan tabungan penduduk B40 di Muar, Johor. Metodologi kajian yang digunakan ialah kaedah kuantitatif melalui instrumen soal selidik kepada 100 responden golongan B40 yang merangkumi pelbagai bangsa di sekitar kawasan Muar. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa kenaikan harga barang telah menjejaskan nilai pendapatan benar golongan B40 akibat peningkatan kos sara hidup serta perubahan kuasa beli dan taraf hidup mereka. Kajian juga mendapati bahawa tahap kelangsungan hidup golongan ini turut terjejas dan pengguna terpaksa beradaptasi diri mereka seiring dengan kos hidup semasa. Namun, bagi menangani isu ini, sebahagian besar responden bertindak untuk berjimat cermat dengan membeli barangan yang berkualiti rendah serta mengutamakan barangan yang penting.
Kata Kunci: barangan, kos sara hidup, kelangsungan hidup, pendapatan, penduduk B40, tabungan
[Approaches to Islamic Psychospiritual Therapy among Female Students: A General Review in Uitm Pahang, Campus Jengka] Pendekatan Terapi Psikospiritual Islam di Kalangan Pelajar Wanita: Suatu Tinjauan Umum di Uitm Pahang, Kampus Jengka
Authors: Mohd Zahari Siti Zafrina , Othman @Seman Muhammad Muzakir , Molkan @Malkan Siti Norma Aisyah , Che Hassan Nurul Hidayah 
Published: November 2020

Women and scholarly aspects are as closely intertwined as possible in maintaining the harmony of Islamic civilization. However, challenges like physical and spiritual health can interfere with the process of establishing Islamic civilization. This study aims to look at the extent to which the approach to Islamic psychospiritual at the UiTM Pahang Jengka Campus is conducted specifically for female students with spiritual problems. This study also highlights the general helath care process of student on campus before being treated with Islamic psychospiritual therapy. Studies show that the UiTM Pahang Jengka Campus has taken the right initiative in maintaining student engagement on campus. This has led to a more positive change in the holistic life of students.
Wanita dan aspek keilmuan ibarat ikatan yang saling berpadu dalam memastikan keharmonian tamadun Islam. Namun, cabaran seperti masalah kesihatan jasmani dan rohani boleh mengganggu proses pembentukan tamadun Islam itu. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana pendekatan terapi psikospiritual Islam di Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Pahang Kampus Jengka yang dilakukan khusus bagi pelajar wanita yang mengalami masalah kerohanian. Kajian ini juga memaparkan proses rawatan kesihatan pelajar secara umum di kampus sebelum dirawat dengan kaedah terapi psikospiritual Islam. Kajian mendapati UiTM Pahang Kampus Jengka telah mengambil inisiatif yang tepat dalam usaha menjaga kemaslahatan pelajar di kampus. Seterusnya membawa suatu perubahan yang lebih positif dalam kehidupan pelajar secara holistik.
Repeat Rate Analysis Of Lower Limb Radiograph For Digital Radiography In General Radiography At Pantai Klang Hospital Selangor
Authors: NURUL FADHLINA ISMAIL  
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Assessing the repeat rate is crucial to reduce unnecessary dose to the patient by identifying the major cause for repeating the x-rays exposure to the patient and apply corrective measures Aim: to analyse the repeat rate of routine lower limb projections in direct digital radiography (DR) from general radiology department of Pantai Klang Hospital. Methods: 26 months retrospective repeated radiograph was acquired from Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) at Hospital Pantai Klang. The retrieved radiographs were grouped based on the reason for the i radiographs being rejected which are incorrect positioning, incorrect collimation, patient movement, incorrect exposure factors, artefact, and other reasons. Results: Total repeated radiographs retrieved for basic lower limbs projections were 13616. Knee was the highest repeted examination and the lowest repeat rate was tibia fibula. (repeat rate: knee = 1.04%, tibia fibula = 0.57%). incorrect positioning is the major causes for repeat exposure for all examinations type, followed by incorrect collimation, other categories, centring ray error, incorrect exposure factors and artifact.
Analytical power calculations for structural equation modeling: A tutorial and Shiny app
Authors: Jak Suzanne , Jorgensen Terrence D. , Verdam Mathilde G. E. , Oort Frans J. , Elffers Louise 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConducting a power analysis can be challenging for researchers who plan to analyze their data using structural equation models (SEMs), particularly when Monte Carlo methods are used to obtain power. In this tutorial, we explain how power calculations without Monte Carlo methods for the χ2 test and the RMSEA tests of (not-)close fit can be conducted using the Shiny app “power4SEM”. power4SEM facilitates power calculations for SEM using two methods that are not computationally intensive and that focus on model fit instead of the statistical significance of (functions of) parameters. These are the method proposed by Satorra and Saris (Psychometrika 50(1), 83–90, 1985) for power calculations of the likelihood ratio test, and that described by MacCallum, Browne, and Sugawara (Psychol Methods 1(2) 130–149, 1996) for RMSEA-based power calculations. We illustrate the use of power4SEM with examples of power analyses for path models, factor models, and a latent growth model.
Realistic precision and accuracy of online experiment platforms, web browsers, and devices
Authors: Anwyl-Irvine Alexander , Dalmaijer Edwin S. , Hodges Nick , Evershed Jo K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDue to increasing ease of use and ability to quickly collect large samples, online behavioural research is currently booming. With this popularity, it is important that researchers are aware of who online participants are, and what devices and software they use to access experiments. While it is somewhat obvious that these factors can impact data quality, the magnitude of the problem remains unclear. To understand how these characteristics impact experiment presentation and data quality, we performed a battery of automated tests on a number of realistic set-ups. We investigated how different web-building platforms (Gorilla v.20190828, jsPsych v6.0.5, Lab.js v19.1.0, and psychoJS/PsychoPy3 v3.1.5), browsers (Chrome, Edge, Firefox, and Safari), and operating systems (macOS and Windows 10) impact display time across 30 different frame durations for each software combination. We then employed a robot actuator in realistic set-ups to measure response recording across the aforementioned platforms, and between different keyboard types (desktop and integrated laptop). Finally, we analysed data from over 200,000 participants on their demographics, technology, and software to provide context to our findings. We found that modern web platforms provide reasonable accuracy and precision for display duration and manual response time, and that no single platform stands out as the best in all features and conditions. In addition, our online participant analysis shows what equipment they are likely to use.
Spectral Signatures of PeVatrons
Authors: Celli Silvia , Aharonian Felix , Gabici Stefano 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We analyze the energy distributions of final (stable) products—gamma rays, neutrinos, and electrons—produced in inelastic proton–proton collisions in the PeV energy regime. We also calculate the energy spectrum of synchrotron radiation from secondary electrons, assuming that these are promptly cooled in the surrounding magnetic field. We show that the synchrotron radiation has an energy distribution much shallower than that of primary protons, hence we suggest taking advantage of such a feature in the spectral analysis of the highest-energy (cutoff) emission region from particle accelerators. For a broad range of energy distributions in the parent protons, we propose simple analytical presentations for the spectra of secondaries in the cutoff region. These results can be used in the interpretation of high-energy radiation from PeVatrons—cosmic-ray factories accelerating protons to energies up to 1 PeV.
Stellar Populations of a Sample of Optically Selected AGN-host Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Cai Wei , Zhao 赵应 Yinghe 和 , Zhang Hong-Xin , Bai Jin-Ming , Liu Hong-Tao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper we present our studies on the stellar populations and star formation histories (SFHs) for the Reines et al. sample of 136 dwarf galaxies that host active galactic nuclei (AGNs), selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 8. We derive stellar populations and reconstruct SFHs for these AGN-host dwarfs using the stellar population synthesis code STARLIGHT. Our results suggest that these AGN-host dwarfs have assembled their stellar masses within a narrow period of time with the stellar mass-weighted ages in the range of 109–1010 yr, but show a wide diversity of SFHs with the luminosity-weighted stellar ages in the range of 107–1010 yr. The old population (t > 109 yr) contributes most to the galaxy light for the majority of the sample; the young population (t < 108 yr) also appears in significant but widely varying fractions, while the intermediate-age population (108 < t < 109 yr) in general contributes less to the optical continuum at 4020 Å. We also find that these dwarfs follow a similar mass–metallicity relation to normal star-forming galaxies, indicating that AGNs have little effect on the chemical evolution of the host galaxy. We further investigate the relation between the derived SFHs and morphology of the host galaxy, and find no correlation. Comparing the SFHs with the luminosity of the [O iii] λ5007 line (

), we find a mild correlation exists when

erg s−1, indicating a physical connection between star formation and AGN activities in these dwarf galaxies.
A New Parameterization of the Star Formation Rate Dense Gas Mass Relation: Embracing Gas Density Gradients
Authors: Parmentier G. , Pasquali A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It is well established that a gas density gradient inside molecular clouds and clumps raises their star formation rate (SFR) compared with what they would experience from a gas reservoir of uniform density. This effect should be observed in the relation between dense-gas mass M

dg
and SFR of molecular clouds and clumps, with steeper gas density gradients yielding higher SFR/M

dg
ratios. The content of this paper is twofold. First, we build on the notion of a magnification factor introduced by Parmentier to redefine the dense-gas relation (i.e., the relation between M

dg
and SFR). Not only does the SFR/M

dg
ratio depend on the mean freefall time of the gas and on its (intrinsic) star formation efficiency per freefall time, but it also depends on the clump density profile (e.g., the logarithmic slope

of the gas density profile and on the relative extent of the constant-density region at the clump center). Second, we show that nearby molecular clouds follow the newly defined dense-gas relation, provided that their dense-gas mass is defined based on a volume density criterion. We also find the same trend for the dense molecular clouds of the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) of the Galaxy, although this one is scaled down by a factor of 10 compared with nearby clouds, even when including the Sgr C and Sgr B2 clouds. The respective locii of both nearby and CMZ clouds in the

parameter space is discussed.
Examining the Magnetic Geometry of Magnetic Flux Ropes from the View of Single-point Analysis
Authors: Zhang Chi , Rong Zhaojin , Shen Chao , Klinger Lucy , Gao Jiawei , Slavin James A. , Zhang Yongcun , Cui Jun , Wei Yong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Magnetic flux ropes, characterized as magnetic field lines that wrap and rotate around a central axis, are observed ubiquitously in the space-plasma environment. Accurately examining the physical parameters (e.g., axis orientation, helical handedness, current density, curvature radius, and size) of flux ropes is essential for studying their evolution and associated dynamics. The geometric parameters of flux ropes can be resolved by a cluster of at least four spacecraft with the separation scale much smaller than the flux ropes. However, most spacecraft missions are of single-point measurements, especially for the missions on other planets (e.g., Mars, Venus, Mercury), thus, the method for investigating the flux ropes based on single-point measurements becomes particularly important. A single-point method that infers the axis orientation of flux ropes was recently developed by Rong et al. Here, we apply this method to study two flux ropes observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS), one close to the force-free field and the other close to the non-force-free field, by comparing them with the multipoint analysis of MMS. Our study demonstrates that, apart from axis orientation, the method of Rong et al. can reasonably infer the current density, curvature radius of magnetic field, and the transverse size of flux ropes. We discussed the main error sources of calculated parameters, and suggest that it is worthwhile to widely apply the method by Rong et al. to single-point spacecraft missions for the purpose of examining the geometry and dynamics of flux ropes.
Local and Global Gas Metallicity versus Stellar Age Relation in MaNGA Galaxies
Authors: Sánchez-Menguiano Laura , Almeida Jorge Sánchez , Muñoz-Tuñón Casiana , Sánchez Sebastián F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The search for new global scaling relations linking the physical properties of galaxies has a fundamental interest. Furthermore, their recovery from spatially resolved relations has been in the spotlight of integral field spectroscopy (IFS). In this study, we investigate the existence of global and local relations between stellar age (Age⋆) and gas-phase metallicity (Z

g
). To this aim, we analyze IFS data for a sample of 736 star-forming disk galaxies from the MaNGA survey. We report a positive correlation between the global Z

g
and D(4000) (an indicator of stellar age), with a slope that decreases with increasing galaxy mass. Locally, a similar trend is found when analyzing the Z

g
and D(4000) of the star-forming regions, as well as the residuals resulting from removing the radial gradients of both parameters. The local laws have systematically smaller slopes than the global one. We ascribe this difference to random errors that cause the true slope of the Age⋆–Z

g
relation to be systematically underestimated when performing a least-squares fitting. The explored relation is intimately linked with the already known relation between gas metallicity and star formation rate at fixed mass, both presenting a common physical origin.