bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A look at Ada from both sides now (a government, and a defense contractor perspective)
Authors: Smart Jay C. 
Published: April 2020

The Ada programming language has had a remarkable history, and promises an even more remarkable future. In this keynote address, Dr. J. Smart from Raytheon will provide his perspective on both as seen from within government, and from within private industry. With the pervasive nature of computing, the trade-craft of contemporary software development has changed considerably in recent years. Arguably, not all the change has been for the better. What may have once been regarded as minor flaws or operational nuisances in software system implementations can now manifest in far more devastating ways, and with potentially severe consequences. The boundaries of Ada's "embedded system" niche are becoming increasingly difficult to discern from commodity software, particularly as the challenges of computer security compound. A critical need now exists for a much broader application of the unique culture and programming discipline that has naturally accompanied Ada for these many years.
Of particular personal research interest to the presenter is the new generation of reconfigurable computing systems and devices (e.g., FPGAs). The ability to specify a system from the highest level of abstraction all the way down to an individual gate level is now possible from within a single unified description framework. Ada is potentially the ideal choice for such a framework. The presenter will describes his experiences using Ada in this manner to design and implement a most unusual dynamic computing machine. In this application where reliability and formal verification is of upmost importance, the Ada language has been the major contributor to the effort's success.
Profile-guided deployment of stream programs on multicores
Authors: Farhad S. M. , Ko Yousun , Burgstaller Bernd , Scholz Bernhard 
Published: April 2020

Because multicore architectures have become the industry standard, programming abstractions for concurrent programming are of key importance. Stream programming languages facilitate application domains characterized by regular sequences of data, such as multimedia, graphics, signal processing and networking. With stream programs, computations are expressed through independent actors that interact through FIFO data channels. A major challenge with stream programs is to load-balance actors among available processing cores. The workload of a stream program is determined by actor execution times and the communication overhead induced by data channels. Estimating communication costs on cache-coherent shared-memory multiprocessors is difficult, because data movements are abstracted away by the cache coherence protocol. Standard execution time profiling techniques cannot separate actor execution times from communication costs, because communication costs manifest in terms of execution time overhead.
In this work we present a unified Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation that balances the workload of stream programs on cache-coherent multicore architectures. For estimating the communication costs of data channels, we devise a novel profiling scheme that minimizes the number of profiling steps. We conduct experiments across a range of StreamIt benchmarks and show that our method achieves a speedup of up to 4.02x on 6 processors. The number of profiling steps is on average only 17% of an exhaustive profiling run over all data channels of a stream program.
Leading-edge Ada verification technologies
Authors: Belt Jason , Chalin Patrice , Hatcliff John , Robby  
Published: April 2020

This tutorial presents a new approach to Spark/Ada contract checking using Bakar Kiasan--a highly automated, evidence-based symbolic execution tool. Bakar Kiasan aims to lower the barrier of entry and reduce the burden of engineers as they specify and verify Ada contracts. Even in the absence of contracts, Bakar Kiasan can check code for possible runtime exceptions and provide visualizations of semantic constraints along paths through procedures. As engineers progressively add contracts, Bakar Kiasan can verify the consistency of code and contracts, thus providing increased confidence, often proportional to the efforts made to capture fuller behavioral specifications via contracts. Bakar Kiasan also provides compositional checking; that is, it can be used on incomplete systems, where contracts are only present for some program components (which may not even have been implemented). This allows contract checking to be used as the program is being developed starting early in the software development process.
Bakar Kiasan provides helpful feedback and evidence of its verification results. For example, it automatically generates counter examples as program test cases for illustrating how contracts are violated (this is very helpful when debugging code/contracts), as well as providing various visualization cues, for example, highlighting problematic code or contract segments similar to how modern Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) illustrate compile (type) errors. Kiasan also generates test cases for illustrating how contracts are satisfied, which is helpful for understanding code/contracts or confirming how a program should behave. Bakar Kiasan is integrated in the Eclipse IDE as a plug-in, and an integration with the GNAT Programming Studio (GPS) is currently being developed in collaboration with AdaCore.
Xbase
Authors: Efftinge Sven , Eysholdt Moritz , Köhnlein Jan , Zarnekow Sebastian , von Massow Robert , Hasselbring Wilhelm , Hanus Michael 
Published: April 2020

Xtext is an open-source framework for implementing external, textual domain-specific languages (DSLs). So far, most DSLs implemented with Xtext and similar tools focus on structural aspects such as service specifications and entities. Because behavioral aspects are significantly more complicated to implement, they are often delegated to general-purpose programming languages. This approach introduces complex integration patterns and the DSL's high level of abstraction is compromised.
We present Xbase as part of Xtext, an expression language that can be reused via language inheritance in any DSL implementation based on Xtext. Xbase expressions provide both control structures and program expressions in a uniform way. Xbase is statically typed and tightly integrated with the Java type system. Languages extending Xbase inherit the syntax of a Java-like expression language as well as language infrastructure components, including a parser, an unparser, a linker, a compiler and an interpreter. Furthermore, the framework provides integration into the Eclipse IDE including debug and refactoring support.
The application of Xbase is presented by means of a domain model language which serves as a tutorial example and by the implementation of the programming language Xtend. Xtend is a functional and object-oriented general purpose language for the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). It is built on top of Xbase which is the reusable expression language that is the foundation of Xtend.
TeJaS
Authors: Lerner Benjamin S. , Politz Joe Gibbs , Guha Arjun , Krishnamurthi Shriram 
Published: April 2020

JavaScript programs vary widely in functionality, complexity, and use, and analyses of these programs must accommodate such variations. Type-based analyses are typically the simplest such analyses, but due to the language's subtle idioms and many application-specific needs---such as ensuring general-purpose type correctness, security properties, or proper library usage---we have found that a single type system does not suffice for all purposes. However, these varied uses still share many reusable common elements.
In this paper we present TeJaS, a framework for building type systems for JavaScript. TeJaS has been engineered modularly to encourage experimentation. Its initial type environment is reified, to admit easy modeling of the various execution contexts of JavaScript programs, and its type language and typing rules are extensible, to enable variations of the type system to be constructed easily.
The paper presents the base TeJaS type system, which performs traditional type-checking for JavaScript. Because JavaScript demands complex types, we explain several design decisions to improve user ergonomics. We then describe TeJaS's modular structure, and illustrate it by reconstructing the essence of a very different type system for JavaScript. Systems built from TeJaS have been applied to several real-world, third-party JavaScript programs.
Efficient dynamic access analysis using JavaScript proxies
Authors: Keil Matthias , Thiemann Peter 
Published: April 2020

JSConTest introduced the notions of effect monitoring and dynamic effect inference for JavaScript. It enables the description of effects with path specifications resembling regular expressions. It is implemented by an offline source code transformation.
To overcome the limitations of the JSConTest implementation, we redesigned and reimplemented effect monitoring by taking advantange of JavaScript proxies. Our new design avoids all drawbacks of the prior implementation. It guarantees full interposition; it is not restricted to a subset of JavaScript; it is self-maintaining; and its scalability to large programs is significantly better than with JSConTest.
The improved scalability has two sources. First, the reimplementation is significantly faster than the original, transformation-based implementation. Second, the reimplementation relies on the fly-weight pattern and on trace reduction to conserve memory. Only the combination of these techniques enables monitoring and inference for large programs.
Birth Characteristics and Risk of Early-Onset Synovial Sarcoma
Authors: Wiemels Joseph L. , Wang Rong , Feng Qianxi , Clark Cassandra J. , Amatruda James F. , Rubin Elyssa , Yee Amy C. , Morimoto Libby M. , Metayer Catherine , Ma Xiaomei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground:Synovial sarcoma is a rare cancer with peak incidence in the young adult period. Despite poor outcomes of this aggressive cancer, there is little epidemiologic research addressing its etiology.Methods:We collected birth characteristic data on synovial sarcoma cases born during 1978–2015 and diagnosed during 1988–2015 in California (n = 244), and 12,200 controls frequency-matched on year of birth. We also constructed a dataset of cancer cases in siblings of sarcoma subjects to assess familial risk.Results:In multivariable logistic regression analyses, synovial sarcoma was more frequent in Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic whites [OR, 1.48; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–2.08]. Higher birth weight was a risk factor in Hispanics; each 500 g increase in birth weight was associated with a 22% increase in disease risk (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.00–1.48). Also, a strong role for birth order was suggested, with highest risk for the first born (second child compared with first: OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.44–0.84; third or later compared with first: OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36–0.77). Siblings of patients with synovial sarcoma did not display elevated cancer incidence, suggesting the low likelihood that strong familial predisposition alleles play a significant role in this disease.Conclusions:The associations with birth weight and birth order suggest that nutritional, developmental, and environmental factors may play a role in the etiology of synovial sarcoma.Impact:Further epidemiologic research on synovial sarcoma should evaluate epigenetic and developmental mechanisms and the formation of the archetypical t(X;18) translocation that defines this disease.
Dual Targeting of CDK4/6 and BCL2 Pathways Augments Tumor Response in Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Whittle James R. , Vaillant François , Surgenor Elliot , Policheni Antonia N. , Giner Göknur , Capaldo Bianca D. , Chen Huei-Rong , Liu He K. , Dekkers Johanna F. , Sachs Norman , Clevers Hans , Fellowes Andrew , Green Thomas , Xu Huiling , Fox Stephen B. , Herold Marco J. , Smyth Gordon K. , Gray Daniel H.D. , Visvader Jane E. , Lindeman Geoffrey J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Although cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors significantly extend tumor response in patients with metastatic estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) breast cancer, relapse is almost inevitable. This may, in part, reflect the failure of CDK4/6 inhibitors to induce apoptotic cell death. We therefore evaluated combination therapy with ABT-199 (venetoclax), a potent and selective BCL2 inhibitor.

Experimental Design:
BCL2 family member expression was assessed following treatment with endocrine therapy and the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. Functional assays were used to determine the impact of adding ABT-199 to fulvestrant and palbociclib in ER+ breast cancer cell lines, patient-derived organoid (PDO), and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. A syngeneic ER+ mouse mammary tumor model was used to study the effect of combination therapy on the immune system.

Results:
Triple therapy was well tolerated and produced a superior and more durable tumor response compared with single or doublet therapy. This was associated with marked apoptosis, including of senescent cells, indicative of senolysis. Unexpectedly, ABT-199 resulted in Rb dephosphorylation and reduced G1–S cyclins, most notably at high doses, thereby intensifying the fulvestrant/palbociclib–induced cell-cycle arrest. Interestingly, a CRISPR/Cas9 screen suggested that ABT-199 could mitigate loss of Rb (and potentially other mechanisms of acquired resistance) to palbociclib. ABT-199 did not abrogate the favorable immunomodulatory effects of palbociclib in a syngeneic ER+ mammary tumor model and extended tumor response when combined with anti-PD1 therapy.

Conclusions:
This study illustrates the potential for targeting BCL2 in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors and supports investigation of combination therapy in ER+ breast cancer.
The NF-κB Pathway Promotes Tamoxifen Tolerance and Disease Recurrence in Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancers
Authors: Kastrati Irida , Joosten Stacey E. P. , Semina Svetlana E. , Alejo Luis H. , Brovkovych Svitlana D. , Stender Joshua D. , Horlings Hugo M. , Kok Marleen , Alarid Elaine T. , Greene Geoffrey L. , Linn Sabine C. , Zwart Wilbert , Frasor Jonna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify critical pathways promoting survival of tamoxifen-tolerant, estrogen receptor α positive (ER+) breast cancer cells, which contribute to therapy resistance and disease recurrence. Gene expression profiling and pathway analysis were performed in ER+ breast tumors of patients before and after neoadjuvant tamoxifen treatment and demonstrated activation of the NF-κB pathway and an enrichment of epithelial-to mesenchymal transition (EMT)/stemness features. Exposure of ER+ breast cancer cell lines to tamoxifen, in vitro and in vivo, gives rise to a tamoxifen-tolerant population with similar NF-κB activity and EMT/stemness characteristics. Small-molecule inhibitors and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout were used to assess the role of the NF-κB pathway and demonstrated that survival of tamoxifen-tolerant cells requires NF-κB activity. Moreover, this pathway was essential for tumor recurrence following tamoxifen withdrawal. These findings establish that elevated NF-κB activity is observed in breast cancer cell lines under selective pressure with tamoxifen in vitro and in vivo, as well as in patient tumors treated with neoadjuvant tamoxifen therapy. This pathway is essential for survival and regrowth of tamoxifen-tolerant cells, and, as such, NF-κB inhibition offers a promising approach to prevent recurrence of ER+ tumors following tamoxifen exposure.Implications:Understanding initial changes that enable survival of tamoxifen-tolerant cells, as mediated by NF-κB pathway, may translate into therapeutic interventions to prevent resistance and relapse, which remain major causes of breast cancer lethality.
Conflicting Outlooks?
Authors: Bruun Ole 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Despite years of international criticism and domestic policy making, China still plays a key role in illegal wildlife trafficking. Although the country has begun a transition from the mindless exploitation of nature towards an envisioned Ecological Civilisation, basic tenets in traditional medicine and popular cosmology continue to have highly adverse ecological consequences, both at home and abroad. Evaluating recent trends in international wildlife trade, Chinese policy making, and popular cosmology in China, this article aims to throw light on why wildlife substances continue to play such important role in the modern society, as well as to reflect on the preconditions for broader value change. The article goes on to argue that in order to get a better understanding on how nature and wildlife are viewed in a Chinese context, one is compelled to reflect not only on the impact of popular cosmology but also of authoritarian governance on conservation.
Auferstehung des Fleisches in der Epistula Apostolorum
Authors: Kiel Nikolai 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The apocryphal scripture “Epistula Apostolorum” represents an important stage in the second century development of the concept regarding the resurrection of the flesh. For the first time, in this text, the Lord’s resurrected body appears with the closely related promise of resurrection for the faithful, which is placed at the center of the discussion in the post-apostolic age. Thus, the crucial question arises: How is the idea of the resurrection of the flesh represented in the Epistula Apostolorum? The epistle provides the following answer: The resurrected receive an everlasting garment that no longer participates in the material creation. Nevertheless, the personality of those living on earth is preserved through the resurrection of the flesh. They do not exchange their identity as a result of the eschatological event; rather they maintain their former earthly personhood, but will exist in a glorified state of the resurrected flesh.
De l’exégèse à la polémique : la notion d’ἀκολουθία dans les tomes 1-2 du Contre Celse d’Origène
Authors: Piscini Gianluca 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper studies the links between exegesis and polemic in Origen, focussing on the exegetical and polemical use of ἀκολουθία in two contemporary works: Commentary on Matthew and Against Celsus. After a short survey of the different meanings of the word ἀκολουθία, we will see how the pagan polemicist uses this notion. Then we will study Origen’s answer in a more thorough fashion. We will show that, as in the Commentary on Matthew, Origen uses the notion of ἀκολουθία to re-establish the dignity of the Gospels; but he also criticizes the inability of Celsus to correctly understand a text – in other words, his “lack of ἀκολουθία”. In the end, it will be clear that in Origen, the notion of ἀκολουθία is crucial both in exegesis and in polemics, and that it helps us to better understand the unity of his thought and of his works.
Individual Welfare Index: a Complement of GDP per Capita for Comparing Individual Welfare of Urban and Rural Areas
Authors: Mnabe Anneth Jonathan , Msengwa Amina Suleiman , Rugaimukamu Deogratias Matayo Bengesi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The idea of developing an Individual Welfare Index (IWI) emanated from the criticisms raised against using Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita to compare living standards of urban and rural areas. There is evidence that good measures of welfare have to encompass both objective and subjective indicators where little has been empirically known. The specific objective of this paper was to propose a framework for developing an IWI that combines both subjective and objective aspects in an attempt to provide a satisfactory measure of individual welfare. The data were collected from 40 respondents aged 18–60 years within the randomly selected 20 households (i.e., two respondents in a household) using a structured questionnaire. The results showed that, the framework of welfare components were reliable to develop the IWI (Cronbach-Alpha ≥ 0.7) and that the computed IWI were 55.9 and 51.0 in the regions with the highest (about 3,000,000 TZS) and lowest (about 1,000,000 TZS) GDP per capita, respectively. It is concluded that, a satisfactory measure of welfare when comparing welfare performances in urban and rural areas, should include both objective and subjective welfare measures.
Biometric Capture
Authors: Fubara-Manuel Irene 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The current system of the surveillance of migrants relies on biometric capture. To be captured is to be codified into machine-readable representations. This paper merges technological codifications with political discourse to explore the disproportionate capturing of black migrants in the UK. Using the historical treatment of Nigerian migrants in the UK as an illustration, this paper interrogates how contemporary technologies are used to codify and confine black migrants. This paper explores works from digital artists – Keith Piper and Joy Buolamwini – to address this codification of blackness using biometric technology. It calls for new technological cultures of coding that centre the disruption of violent systems of capture. Failure is defined as this disruption of hegemonic systems of codification and capture that aim to subjugate black communities. This paper stresses that it is only when technologies of capture fail that black and migrant communities can truly experience digital freedom.
Observations of Submesoscale Variability and Frontal Subduction within the Mesoscale Eddy Field of the Tasman Sea
Authors: Archer Matthew , Schaeffer Amandine , Keating Shane , Roughan Moninya , Holmes Ryan , Siegelman Lia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSubmesoscale lenses of water with anomalous hydrographic properties have previously been observed in the East Australian Current (EAC) system, embedded within the thermocline of mesoscale anticyclonic eddies. The waters within these lenses have high oxygen content and temperature–salinity properties that signify a surface origin. However, it is not known how these lenses form. This study presents field observations that provide insight into a possible generation mechanism via subduction at upper-ocean fronts. High-resolution hydrographic and velocity measurements of submesoscale activity were taken across a front between a mesoscale eddy dipole downstream of the EAC separation point. The front had O(1) Rossby number, strong vertical shear, and flow conducive to symmetric instability. Frontogenesis was measured in conjunction with subduction of an anticyclonic water parcel, indicative of intrathermocline eddy formation. Twenty-five years of satellite imagery reveals the existence of strong mesoscale strain coupled with strong temperature fronts in this region and indicates the conditions that led to frontal subduction observed here are a persistent feature. These processes impact the vertical export of tracers from the surface and dissipation of mesoscale kinetic energy, implicating their importance for understanding regional ocean circulation and biological productivity.