bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black U.S. Sexual and Gender Minority Mental Health
Authors: Lassiter Jonathan Mathias , Follins Lourdes Dolores , Smallwood Stacy W. , Wilton Leo , Alexander Alishia , Saifa Wall Sean 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter provides a comprehensive and nuanced review and critique of the extant scholarship related to Black sexual and gender minority (SGM) mental health in the United States. The authors highlight the determinants of mental health, the prevalence of mental health problems and inequities, and protective and resilience factors related to Black SGM mental health within five different subgroups: transgender people, intersex people, bisexual people, lesbians, and gay/same-gender-loving men. An intersectional approach is used to draw attention to how racial, gender, socioeconomic, and sexual orientation identities at the individual level influence experiences of oppression at the structural level to synergistically impact mental health. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the gaps in the literature related to Black SGM mental health and recommendations for addressing them.
Asian American and Pacific Islander Sexual and Gender Minority Mental Health
Authors: Hunt Emily , Huang Cindy Y. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPsychological research on sexual and gender minority (SGM) people of color has grown in recent years; however, little is still understood about the experiences of Asian American and Pacific Islander SGMs. The purpose of this chapter is to synthesize the current research that examines the intersections of the racial identity of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, SGM identity, and the mental health of Asian American and Pacific Islander SGMs. Historical contexts of attitudes toward SGMs in Asian and Pacific Island countries as well as in the United States are provided to contextualize the specific sociocultural issues faced by Asian American and Pacific Islander SGMs in the United States. The authors also discuss the role of specific Asian American and Pacific Islander cultural values such as gender norms, family values, and loss of face in the development and expression of SGM identity. This chapter also examines the unique mental health risks faced by Asian American and Pacific Islander SGMs through the lens of double minority stress. The authors conclude with recommendations for directions of future research.
Sexual and Gender Minority Mental Health among Older Adults
Authors: Butler Sandra S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter reviews existing literature on mental health issues among sexual and gender minority older adults. Current LGBTQ older adults lived their formative years prior to the gay liberation movement of the 1970s; a lifetime of discrimination and concealment affects their mental health today. While early studies of sexual and gender minority older adults were largely based on small, relatively restricted samples, two recent national studies out of the University of Washington have improved on sample diversity and generalizability of results. Findings from these larger studies and several others are reviewed, highlighting what is known about positive and negative mental health conditions among LGBTQ older adults and related practice implications. The chapter concludes with a look at ongoing gaps in knowledge about mental health issues confronting sexual and gender minority older adults and best practices for serving them.
Alcohol Use Disorders among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations
Authors: Crane Phoenix R. , Swaringen Katarina S. , Foster Anthony M. , Talley Amelia E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Sexual and gender minority populations are at a heightened risk of developing alcohol-related problems, such as alcohol use disorder, compared to their heterosexual, cisgender counterparts. The present chapter presents recent prevalence rates of alcohol use disorder and examines how relations among sexual orientation, gender, and alcohol use are influenced by mechanisms relevant to minority stress theory, the intersectionality framework, and other social factors such as racism, sexism, homophobia, sexual victimization, and stigma. This chapter also explores available intervention and treatment initiatives for alcohol misuse in sexual and gender minority populations, suggesting empirically informed approaches to maximize the effectiveness of tailored programs.
Career Development Theory: An Integrated Analysis
Authors: Yates Julia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Career theories are developed to help make sense of the complexity of career choice and development. The intricacy of the subject matter is such that career theories most often focus on one or two aspects of the phenomenon. As such, the challenges of integrating the theories with each other, and integrating them within career practice, are not insignificant. In this chapter, an overview of the theoretical landscape is offered that illustrates how the theories align with each other to build up a comprehensive picture of career choice and development. The chapter introduces a wide range of theoretical frameworks, spanning seven decades and numerous academic disciplines, and discusses the most well-known theorists alongside less familiar names. The chapter is structured around four concepts: identity, environment, career learning, and psychological career resources. Suggestions are offered for the incorporation of theories in career practice.
Informal Learning and the Creative Process
Authors: Smith Gareth Dylan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter offers a focused discussion of the interconnected areas of informal learning and musical creative process. It draws together scholarship on musical creativities and music learning from inside and outside of school or other institutional educational contexts, combining these in exploration of learning realization and identity realization. Through the framework of the “four Ps” of creativity, the chapter shows how informal learning both requires and nurtures creativity among individuals and groups. Drawing on scholarship by Lucy Green, Ruth Wright, and other key figures in music education, the chapter concludes by discussing the empowering, democratizing potential of informal learning approaches in schools. Informal learning is an inherently creative phenomenon, with a particular emphasis on and benefits for the development, agency, and empowerment of individuals.
Music Creative Processes in Infants and Children
Authors: Gratier Maya , Filippa Manuela 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents a description of musical practices ranging from the earliest forms of musical exploration in infancy to elaborate forms of spontaneous singing in children. It focuses on the biological origins of musical creativity, situating it as a multimodal and eminently social activity. Knowledge of the precocious musical abilities of infants has grown over the past years, but their functions remain obscure. This chapter suggests that a process of musical socialization is initiated in early infancy through social interactions involving affectionate speaking, singing, and moving of adults. Accordingly, it becomes difficult to disentangle the musical and linguistic features that characterize the kind of inventive sound-play infants and children partake in. The chapter argues, finally, that the discoveries made by developmental psychologists in this field should set the stage for new pedagogical practices for very young and older music learners.
Biobanks
Authors: Laurie Graeme T. , Coleman Carl H. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines biobanks as a case study of multiple legal and governance challenges that cut across conventional jurisdictional lines. The advent of large-scale biobanks—collections of biomedical samples linked to personal data and other resources such as health records—has come to represent a watershed in health research regulation in many countries. As such, this chapter stresses two features of biobanks that raise questions about the role of law and regulation. First, this chapter examines the extent to which existing legal frameworks must be adapted to accommodate particular features of biobanking (and how far this is successful). Second, it highlights examples of ways in which some biobanks have developed their own governance mechanisms—in addition to legal compliance in the local country—that are aimed at promoting engaged and ethically robust biobanking practices
Access to Healthcare in Europe
Authors: den Exter André , Syrett Keith 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter describes the main features of European healthcare systems. The chapter identifies key characteristics of these systems: the organisation, financing, and delivery of health services, and the main actors. It then questions what the systems cover, who are eligible to receive healthcare, when patients receive healthcare, and the physician’s duty to provide care. In addition to highlighting the applicable regulatory framework, this chapter also describes some general trends.
The Political Economy of Nonlife: Biopower, Ontosecurity, and the Shamisen Skin Trade in Japan
Authors: Yamada Keisuke 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the ways in which the trade in raw cat and dog skins and processed goods in the shamisen (Japanese three-stringed lute) industry has changed in the last five decades. It employs Michel Foucault’s concept of biopolitics in order to analyze the causal relationship between the changing systems of governance through life and the historical trajectory of shamisen skin making and trade. Biopolitics, it argues, is not merely a means to incorporate different forms and modalities of life into political discourse, tactics, and rationalities, but it can also operate to marginalize the political presence, existential vitality, and ontosecurity of nonlife—individuated entities, such as the shamisen, that are conceived as “inert,” “inorganic,” or “nonliving” in society. This chapter approaches the political-economic history of music by closely examining the distribution and exercises of biopower and their effects on specific economic activities that surround the making of the instruments in historical times.
The Politics of Chiefs and Commoners before the 1830s
Authors: Jimenez Raevin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The field of pre-1830 South African history has been subject to periodic interrogations into conventional narratives, sources, and methods. The so-called mfecane debates of the 1980s and 1990s marked a radical departure from characterizations of warfare in the interior, generally regarded in earlier decades as stemming solely or mostly from the Zulu king Shaka. Efforts to reframe violence led to more thorough considerations of political elites and statecraft from the late eighteenth to the early nineteenth century but also contributed to new approaches to ethnicity, dependency, and to some extent gender. A new wave of historiographical critique in the 2010s shows the work of revision to be ongoing. The article considers the debates around the wars of the late precolonial period, including unresolved strands of inquiry, and argues for a move away from state-level analysis toward social histories of women and non-elites. Though it focuses on the 1760s through the 1830s, the article also presents examples highlighting the importance of recovering deeper temporal context for the South African interior.
Latin American Women’s Movements
Authors: Fernández Anderson Cora 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of women’s movements in Latin America, from their early emergence at the turn of the twentieth century until today, as well as of the scholarly discussions that followed. The chapter identifies the similarities and differences with mobilizations of women in industrialized northern countries while also highlighting the contributions of Latin American scholars and experiences to the analysis of women’s movements. It explores the national, regional, and international contexts that influenced women’s mobilization throughout the years and discusses the internal tensions around goals and strategies among women’s organizations. It argues that Latin American women’s movements have been behind significant political and cultural transformations. Through the struggles for women’s suffrage, labor rights, human rights accountability, democratization, equal parental rights, indigenous rights, sexual and reproductive rights, and against sexual violence, women have contributed to the democratization of families, societies, and nations.
Economic Globalization and Social Movements in Latin America
Authors: Almeida Paul , Pérez Martín Amalia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Economic globalization in Latin America over the past four decades has resulted in some of the largest mass mobilizations in the region and has influenced electoral outcomes. This chapter traces the evolution of economic liberalization over time from the early years of the debt crisis to the institutionalization of neoliberalism as the dominant development strategy. Different forms of collective resistance to market-driven globalization are examined at the local, national, and transnational levels of social and political life. The authors also explore the current stage of globalization, characterized by intensifying environmental threats of resource extraction and climate change that are generating new rounds of popular mobilization. This overview concludes with a theoretical discussion of the key conditions driving the emergence of defensive mobilization in response to neoliberalism, including resource infrastructures, oppositional political parties, strategic experience, and the construction of meaning, grievances, and economic threats.
Sociology of Migration in Latin America
Authors: Rivera-Sánchez Liliana , Domenech Eduardo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Since the middle of the twentieth century, the study of migration in Latin America has evolved in response to the themes and debates dominating the social sciences at specific points in time. This chapter provides an overview of the field of sociology of migration in Latin America. It covers some of the principal debates within and contributions from the sociological research carried out by social scientists from various disciplines and by experts working in national academic institutions as well as a variety of international organizations. In short, this introduction presents an analytical reconstruction of the development of and the differentiation achieved in the specialization of the studies of migratory processes from various sociological approaches. This overview demonstrates that the field of migration studies is broad, heterogeneous, and, above all, inextricably multidisciplinary.
A Sociological Approach to the Study of Alternative and Complementary Medicine in Argentina
Authors: Freidin Betina , Ballesteros Matías 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents a body of empirical research conducted on the practice, utilization, and diffusion of alternative and complementary medicines (CAM), attending to the theoretical debates into which they are framed. It incorporates theoretical approaches from the medical sociology and the sociology of professions to study the field of acupuncture practice. It analyzes the legitimation processes and strategies followed by specialists to institutionalize their practices in a context of biomedical dominance and high occupational competition. Also from a constructivist view, it studies how medical doctors trained in CAM build their professional identity and develop their clinical practice. In interview studies with CAM users, it draws on theoretical approaches that point to pragmatism, pluralism, and critical attitudes toward the biomedical model in late modernity to explain utilization, whereas in focus groups with users and non-users of CAM it shows how they allocate credibility to and build trust in different offerings and specialists. Finally, the role of the newspaper coverage of Ayurveda is analyzed considering the increasing global dissemination and commoditization of Oriental medicines.
Mexican Women and Decision Making in Health
Authors: del Carmen Castro Vásquez María , Aranda Gallegos Patricia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter maintains that it is possible to do empirical research that differentiates the two analytic dimensions of the “habitus” concept of Pierre Bourdieu and proposes a first approach to the analysis of this concept. The aim is to provide a way to operationalize the concept of habitus and show its relevance to understanding how women’s health decision making in health services occurs in Mexico. The sociological reflection is based on qualitative data from research projects of several years regarding the habitus of women when dealing with the problems of human papillomavirus (HPV) or cervical cancer, or when undergoing a Pap smear. The chapter postulates that differentiating these two dimensions not only confirms the practical usefulness of the concept of habitus, but it is also a way to show, in the discourse and practices of the agents, The most determined dimension, as well as the largest agency of its appreciations, dispositions and resources. In their analysis of empirical data, the authors uses other concepts such as field, capital, agency, strategy, autonomy, consent, and trajectories.
Forced Displacement and Globalization in Latin America
Authors: Angarita-Cañas Pablo Emilio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Forced displacement in Latin America has dramatically increased in the twenty-first century. The vast majority of forced displacements in 2016 took place in high-risk zones characterized by low institutional reaction capacity, high levels of economic vulnerability, and high exposure to man-made and natural dangers. The new complexities of this old regional phenomenon demand that we revise our understanding of forced displacement and asylum seeking, as both are no longer exclusively caused by internal armed conflicts. Recent cases in countries such as Colombia, Venezuela, Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras allow us to discern myriad factors driving forced displacements and diverse mobilities in the region, which could in turn bring another, deeper humanitarian crisis in Latin America. This contribution addresses these topics vis-à-vis the new forms of violence and displacement in the region.
The Struggle for Sexual Minority Rights in Zimbabwe in Context
Authors: Epprecht Marc , Clark Bev 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the history of sexual minority rights activism in Zimbabwe in its wider context. It situates advocacy over sexual minority rights in the context of broader struggles for gender equality and the women’s movement in Zimbabwe, as well as in relation to the instrumental deployment of homophobia and homonationalism by African political and religious leaders. This latter has been part of the process of constructing a new hegemony in post-colonial and post-apartheid southern Africa. The chapter first provides an overview of the coming out by Zimbabwean sexual minorities and the reactions against this within society and by the state. We discuss the factors that have enabled GALZ and other sexual minority activists to survive for nearly three decades against compelling odds, and what this may mean for the struggle for gender equality in the future.
The Making of a System of Partisan Authority on Commercial Farmlands in Post-2000 Zimbabwe
Authors: Chamunogwa Arnold 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter illustrates how powerful ruling parties can sidestep strong state institutions by pursuing and enforcing their political and developmental agendas through ‘twilight institutions’ operating on the state’s margins. It discusses the rapid displacement and remaking of power and authority on white-owned commercial farms in Zimbabwe, following the spectacular upheavals of the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) in 2000. The chapter specifically explains how local ZANU-PF structures together with their allies—war veterans, youth militias, and others—constructed and established a new system of partisan authority that became the dominant mode of governing commercial farming areas from 2000 to 2002. These actors sought to use the system of partisan authority to recreate the terms of existence on occupied farms, to govern and regulate political conduct, and to control access to land and related resources.The chapter also brings into consideration farm occupiers’ experiences, responses, and adaptations of the system of partisan authority, an aspect neglected in the wider literature on FTLRP, which presents farm occupiers as accomplices and allies of ZANU-PF. Specifically, it illustrates how social categorizations and hierarchical ordering on occupied farms enabled ordinary occupiers to contest claims to authority and resources by local ZANU-PF structures, war veterans, and youth militias under the system of partisan authority.
The Curvature Effect
Authors: Corradi Guido , Munar Enric 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Preference for curved over sharp-angled contours is a well-known effect. However, it was quite unexplored during the 20th century and only a few sporadic studies dealt with it. Nevertheless, there has been renewed interest in this topic over the past two decades. This interest has come from two perspectives, one related to the current experimental aesthetics and the other from different applied approaches: marketing, packaging, interior design, and security perception, among others. Quite a few studies have demonstrated the effect with different stimuli, conditions, and participants. However, a comprehensive understanding of this effect is still lacking. We present the salient issues of the current studies in order to provide a more complete picture of this phenomenon. The applied research line is a promising field to combine with research from experimental aesthetics. Finally, we indicate a few challenges that experimental research should address to achieve a unified framework for a better understanding of the curvature effect.
Paul the Letter Writer
Authors: Dingeldein Laura 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis essay focuses on the social functions of Paul’s letter writing activities, with the purpose of helping to situate such activities within the landscape of ancient Mediterranean epistolography and religion. After briefly identifying major areas of interest in recent research on Paul’s letter writing activities, the author examines the ways in which Paul’s epistolary practices advanced his goals in social positioning, community building, and virtue cultivation among Christ recruits. Letters were understood within classical antiquity to facilitate conversations among friends, reveal a writer’s character, and provide clear and concise instruction on a given subject. Letter writing also often contributed to the social capital of a letter’s author, insofar as letter writing displayed skills in literacy and textual production. Each of these epistolary functions would have advanced Paul’s goals regarding social positioning, community building, and moral development, thus making letters the ideal written medium for Paul to use in his apostolic activities.
Paul and Economic Resources
Authors: Longenecker Bruce W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis essay surveys some prominent economic features of the Roman world (e.g., benefaction, patronage, status-capture, and elite allegiance to Rome) and situates the realities of structural poverty within that context. It then underscores some of the economic commitments and strategies that Paul envisioned for Jesus-groups he had founded, noting how the responsible use of economic resources was deeply rooted in his theological programme.