bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of time use and food cost on dietary quality
Authors: Carpio Carlos E , Kalenkoski Charlene M , Moyeda-Carabaza Ana F , Murimi Mary 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective:To develop a questionnaire to measure food nutrition, food expenditures and time spent in food-related activities; and to assess the association between diet quality, time spent in food-related activities and food expenditures using data from a pilot study.Design:Cross-sectional study. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyse participants’ survey response behaviours and the relationship between food nutritional quality and time and money expenditures.Setting:Online survey using Qualtrics software in a public university located in West Texas, USA.Participants:Faculty and staff aged 18 years and older from a public university located in West Texas, USAResults:Combining questions from three survey instruments that collect data on food nutrition, food expenditures and time spent in food-related activities resulted in a thirty-page survey instrument. The median completion time of the survey instrument was about 30 min. Preliminary results suggest that time and money expenditures are associated with food quality but that their role is small relative to sociodemographic characteristics such as race and gender.Conclusions:Time and money expenditures are associated with food quality but their role is small relative to sociodemographic characteristics such as race and gender.
Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism in Bangladesh
Authors: Mostofa Shafi Md. , Subedi D. B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe examine the changing nature of an authoritarian regime, which is emerging from the social and political conditions shaped by the unconsolidated democracy in Bangladesh. Drawing on desk-based research combined with interviews from the field, we argue that the current form of the authoritarian regime in Bangladesh represents the characteristics of competitive authoritarianism. We find that authoritarianism in Bangladesh combines “election manipulation” with three additional social and political mechanisms: “marginalization of political oppositions” leading to the oppositional void, “institutionalization of authoritarian policies,” and “co-option of religious leaders.” By adding these new mechanisms of authoritarian politics and tracing the links between politics and religion, we aim to expand the theory of competitive authoritarianism and unpack the puzzle of democratic consolidation in Bangladesh.
Influence of Upper Mantle Anisotropy on Isotropic P‐Wave Tomography Images Obtained in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Confal Judith M. , Bezada Maximiliano J. , Eken Tuna , Faccenda Manuele , Saygin Erdinc , Taymaz Tuncay 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSeismic body‐wave tomography studies typically assume an isotropic upper mantle, possibly mapping anisotropy into artificial isotropic velocity anomalies in the resulting images. The Eastern Mediterranean with its oceanic, continental, and extinct subduction systems, as well as dense station coverage, provides an ideal setting to explore this issue. To examine the influence of seismic anisotropy, our study deals with both synthetic and real data inversions in which realistic seismic anisotropy models derived from 3D mantle convection simulations and shear wave splitting measurements are taken as a priori constraints. Spatial large‐scale velocity perturbations are mostly consistent between models derived with and without considering anisotropy. Small differences in the magnitude (up to 2%) and shape of velocity perturbations occur, and some structures are less diffuse when including anisotropy. Additionally, good backazimuthal coverage of teleseismic events and a larger data set improve the resolution of our model with respect to previous tomography studies and allow us to better interpret first‐order isotropic velocity anomalies. Key features, such as the half‐arc subducting oceanic plate in the southern Aegean and a wide and deep tear in the slab beneath southwestern Turkey, are clearly visible in all models. Our final tomography images also provide evidence for a shallow horizontal tear in the northern Hellenides and a vertical tear between two parts of the Cyprian slab. In eastern Anatolia, slab‐related high‐velocity anomalies are absent due to the continental collision and break‐off.
Snow Topography on Undeformed Arctic Sea Ice Captured by an Idealized “Snow Dune” Model
Authors: Popović Predrag , Finkel Justin , Silber Mary C. , Abbot Dorian S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOur ability to predict the future of Arctic sea ice is limited by ice's sensitivity to detailed surface conditions such as the distribution of snow and melt ponds. Snow on top of the ice decreases ice's thermal conductivity, increases its reflectivity (albedo), and provides a source of meltwater for melt ponds during summer that decrease the ice's albedo. In this paper, we develop a simple model of premelt snow topography that accurately describes snow cover of flat, undeformed Arctic sea ice on several study sites for which data were available. The model considers a surface that is a sum of randomly sized and placed “snow dunes” represented as Gaussian mounds. This model generalizes the “void model” of Popović et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.148701) and, as such, accurately describes the statistics of melt pond geometry. We test this model against detailed LiDAR measurements of the premelt snow topography. We show that the model snow depth distribution is statistically indistinguishable from the measurements on flat ice, while small disagreement exists if the ice is deformed. We then use this model to determine analytic expressions for the conductive heat flux through the ice and for melt pond coverage evolution during an early stage of pond formation. We also formulate a criterion for ice to remain pond‐free throughout the summer. Results from our model could be directly included in large‐scale models, thereby improving our understanding of energy balance on sea ice and allowing for more reliable predictions of Arctic sea ice in a future climate.
AR-induced long non-coding RNA LINC01503 facilitates proliferation and metastasis via the SFPQ-FOSL1 axis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: He Shi-Wei , Xu Cheng , Li Ying-Qing , Li Ying-Qin , Zhao Yin , Zhang Pan-Pan , Lei Yuan , Liang Ye-Lin , Li Jun-Yan , Li Qian , Chen Yang , Huang Sheng-Yan , Ma Jun , Liu Na 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in the tumorigenesis and progression of cancers. However, the functions and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are still largely unknown. Our previous lncRNA expression profiles identified that LINC01503 was overexpressed in NPC. Here, we verified that LINC01503 was highly expressed in NPC and correlated with poor prognosis. LINC01503 promoted NPC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, and facilitated tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, LINC01503 recruited splicing factor proline-and glutamine-rich (SFPQ) to activate Fos like 1 (FOSL1) transcription, and ectopic expression of FOSL1 reversed the suppressive effect of LINC01503 knockdown on NPC progression. Moreover, androgen receptor (AR)-mediated transcription activation was responsible for the overexpression of LINC01503, and AR ligand-dependent cell growth, migration, and invasion in NPC cells. Taken together, our findings reveal that AR-induced LINC01503 can promote NPC progression through the SFPQ-FOSL1 axis, which represents a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for NPC patients.
Circ-ADAM9 targeting PTEN and ATG7 promotes autophagy and apoptosis of diabetic endothelial progenitor cells by sponging mir-20a-5p
Authors: Tian Ding , Xiang Yin , Tang Yong , Ge Zhuowang , Li Qianhui , Zhang Yachen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is a key factor in vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Although the roles of microRNAs and circular RNAs in regulating cell functions have been thoroughly studied, their role in regulating autophagy and apoptosis of EPCs remains to be elucidated. This study investigated the roles of mir-20a-5p and its predicted target circ-ADAM9 in EPCs treated with high glucose (30 mM) and in a diabetic mouse hind limb ischemia model. It is found that Mir-20a-5p inhibited autophagy and apoptosis of EPCs induced by high-concentration glucose. Further, mir-20a-5p could inhibit the expression of PTEN and ATG7 in EPCs, and promote the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR proteins under high-glucose condition. Investigation of the underlying mechanism revealed that circ-ADAM9, as a miRNA sponges of mir-20a-5p, promoted autophagy and apoptosis of EPCs induced by high-concentration glucose. Circ-ADAM9 upregulated PTEN and ATG7 in interaction with mir-20a-5p, and inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR to aggravate autophagy and apoptosis of EPCs under high glucose. In addition, silencing of circ-ADAM9 increased microvessel formation in the hind limbs of diabetic mice. Our findings disclose a novel autophagy/apoptosis-regulatory pathway that is composed of mir-20a-5p, circ-ADAM9, PTEN, and ATG7. Circ-ADAM9 is a potential novel target for regulating the function of diabetic EPCs and angiogenesis.
Aspirin attenuates YAP and β-catenin expression by promoting β-TrCP to overcome docetaxel and vinorelbine resistance in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Ma Ji , Fan Zhenhai , Tang Qiulin , Xia Hongwei , Zhang Tao , Bi Feng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe use of aspirin has been associated with reduced breast cancer risk, but it is litter known if aspirin overcomes chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Herein, we demonstrated that changes in the expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and β-catenin might be a promising predictive biomarker for neoadjuvant chemotherapy sensitivity in TNBC patients. Inhibition of YAP or β-catenin enhanced the cytotoxicity of the anti-microtubule agents docetaxel and vinorelbine against drug-resistant TNBC cells as well as the sensitivity of these cells to the agents in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, aspirin not only significantly inhibited the growth of TNBC cells, but also attenuated YAP and β-catenin expression by upregulating the E3 ubiquitin ligase β-TrCP to abolished docetaxel and vinorelbine resistance. The combination of aspirin and docetaxel or vinorelbine remarkably inhibited the growth of drug-resistant TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, TNBC patients with high YAP and/or β-catenin expression had a higher risk of relapse or mortality than patients with low YAP and/or β-catenin expression. Collectively, our study discovered a novel role of aspirin based on its anticancer effect, and put forward some possible mechanisms of chemoresistance in TNBC. The combined use of aspirin and anti-microtubule drugs presented several promising therapeutic approaches for TNBC treatment.
Depletion of microglia exacerbates injury and impairs function recovery after spinal cord injury in mice
Authors: Fu Haitao , Zhao Yanpeng , Hu Die , Wang Song , Yu Tengbo , Zhang Licheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe role of microglia in spinal cord injury (SCI) remains ambiguous, partially due to the paucity of efficient methods to discriminate these resident microglia with blood-derived monocytes/macrophages. Here, we used pharmacological treatments to specifically eliminate microglia and subsequently to investigate the response of microglia after SCI in mice. We showed that treatment with colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor PLX3397 eliminated ~90% microglia and did not affect other cell types in mouse spinal cord. PLX3397 treatment also induced a strong decrease in microglial proliferation induced by SCI. Depletion of microglia after SCI disrupted glial scar formation, enhanced immune cell infiltrates, reduced neuronal survival, delayed astrocyte repopulation, exacerbated axonal dieback, and impaired locomotor recovery. Therefore, our findings suggest microglia may play a protective role after SCI in mice.
The prognostic value of six survival-related genes in bladder cancer
Authors: Cheng Shuting , Jiang Zhou , Xiao Jing , Guo Huiling , Wang Zhengrong , Wang Yuhui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to identify genes that are differentially expressed in paracancerous tissue and to determine the potential predictive value of selected gene panel. Gene transcriptome data of bladder tissue was downloaded from UCSC Xena browser and NCBI GEO repository, including GTEx (the Genotype-Tissue Expression project) data, TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) data, and GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) data. Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) analysis was performed to identify tumor-DEGs candidate genes, using the intersection of tumor-paracancerous DEGs genes and paracancerous-normal DEGs genes. The survival-related genes were screened by Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival analysis and univariable Cox regression with the cutoff criteria of KM < 0.05 and cox p-value < 0.05. The risk model was developed using Lasso regression. The clinical data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed in the DEGs genes between the high-risk and low-risk subgroups. We identified six survival-related genes, EMP1, TPM1, NRP2, FGFR1, CAVIN1, and LATS2, found in the DEG analyses of both, tumor-paracancerous and paracancerous-normal differentially expressed data sets. Then, the patients were classified into two clusters, which can be distinguished by specific clinical characteristics. A three-gene risk prediction model (EMP1, FGFR1, and CAVIN1) was constructed in patients within cluster 1. The model was applied to categorize cluster 1 patients into high-risk and low-risk subgroups. The prognostic risk score was considered as an independent prognostic factor. The six identified survival-related genes can be used in molecular characterization of a specific subtype of bladder cancer. This subtype had distinct clinical features of T (topography), N (lymph node), stage, grade, and survival status, compared to the other subtype of bladder cancer. Among the six identified survival-related genes, three-genes, EMP1, FGFR1, and CAVIN1, were identified as potential independent prognostic markers for the specific bladder cancer subtype with clinical features described.
Meta-analysis of multidecadal biodiversity trends in Europe
Authors: Pilotto Francesca , Kühn Ingolf , Adrian Rita , Alber Renate , Alignier Audrey , Andrews Christopher , Bäck Jaana , Barbaro Luc , Beaumont Deborah , Beenaerts Natalie , Benham Sue , Boukal David S. , Bretagnolle Vincent , Camatti Elisa , Canullo Roberto , Cardoso Patricia G. , Ens Bruno J. , Everaert Gert , Evtimova Vesela , Feuchtmayr Heidrun , García-González Ricardo , Gómez García Daniel , Grandin Ulf , Gutowski Jerzy M. , Hadar Liat , Halada Lubos , Halassy Melinda , Hummel Herman , Huttunen Kaisa-Leena , Jaroszewicz Bogdan , Jensen Thomas C. , Kalivoda Henrik , Schmidt Inger Kappel , Kröncke Ingrid , Leinonen Reima , Martinho Filipe , Meesenburg Henning , Meyer Julia , Minerbi Stefano , Monteith Don , Nikolov Boris P. , Oro Daniel , Ozoliņš Dāvis , Padedda Bachisio M. , Pallett Denise , Pansera Marco , Pardal Miguel Ângelo , Petriccione Bruno , Pipan Tanja , Pöyry Juha , Schäfer Stefanie M. , Schaub Marcus , Schneider Susanne C. , Skuja Agnija , Soetaert Karline , Spriņģe Gunta , Stanchev Radoslav , Stockan Jenni A. , Stoll Stefan , Sundqvist Lisa , Thimonier Anne , Van Hoey Gert , Van Ryckegem Gunther , Visser Marcel E. , Vorhauser Samuel , Haase Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLocal biodiversity trends over time are likely to be decoupled from global trends, as local processes may compensate or counteract global change. We analyze 161 long-term biological time series (15–91 years) collected across Europe, using a comprehensive dataset comprising ~6,200 marine, freshwater and terrestrial taxa. We test whether (i) local long-term biodiversity trends are consistent among biogeoregions, realms and taxonomic groups, and (ii) changes in biodiversity correlate with regional climate and local conditions. Our results reveal that local trends of abundance, richness and diversity differ among biogeoregions, realms and taxonomic groups, demonstrating that biodiversity changes at local scale are often complex and cannot be easily generalized. However, we find increases in richness and abundance with increasing temperature and naturalness as well as a clear spatial pattern in changes in community composition (i.e. temporal taxonomic turnover) in most biogeoregions of Northern and Eastern Europe.
TAASRAD19, a high-resolution weather radar reflectivity dataset for precipitation nowcasting
Authors: Franch Gabriele , Maggio Valerio , Coviello Luca , Pendesini Marta , Jurman Giuseppe , Furlanello Cesare 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe introduce , a high-resolution radar reflectivity dataset collected by the Civil Protection weather radar of the Trentino South Tyrol Region, in the Italian Alps. The dataset includes 894,916 timesteps of precipitation from more than 9 years of data, offering a novel resource to develop and benchmark analog ensemble models and machine learning solutions for precipitation nowcasting. Data are expressed as 2D images, considering the maximum reflectivity on the vertical section at 5 min sampling rate, covering an area of 240 km of diameter at 500 m horizontal resolution. The distribution also includes a curated set of 1,732 sequences, for a total of 362,233 radar images, labeled with precipitation type tags assigned by expert meteorologists. We validate as a benchmark for nowcasting methods by introducing a deep learning model to forecast reflectivity, and a procedure based on the UMAP dimensionality reduction algorithm for interactive exploration. Software methods for data pre-processing, model training and inference, and a pre-trained model are publicly available on GitHub (https://github.com/MPBA/TAASRAD19) for study replication and reproducibility.
To gel or not to gel: differential expression of carrageenan-related genes between the gametophyte and tetasporophyte life cycle stages of the red alga Chondrus crispus
Authors: Lipinska Agnieszka P. , Collén Jonas , Krueger-Hadfield Stacy A. , Mora Theo , Ficko-Blean Elizabeth 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChondrus crispus is a marine red alga with sulfated galactans, called carrageenans, in its extracellular matrix. Chondrus has a complex haplodiplontic life cycle, alternating between male and female gametophytes (n) and tetrasporophytes (2n). The Chondrus life cycle stages are isomorphic; however, a major phenotypic difference is that carrageenan composition varies significantly between the tetrasporophytes (mainly lambda-carrageenan) and the gametophytes (mainly kappa/iota-carrageenans). The disparity in carrageenan structures, which confer different chemical properties, strongly suggests differential regulation of carrageenan-active genes between the phases of the Chondrus life cycles. We used a combination of taxonomy, biochemistry and molecular biology to characterize the tetrasporophytes and male and female gametophytes from Chondrus individuals isolated from the rocky seashore off the northern coast of France. Transcriptomic analyses reveal differential gene expression of genes encoding several galactose-sulfurylases, carbohydrate-sulfotransferases, glycosyltransferases, and one family 16 glycoside hydrolase. Differential expression of carrageenan-related genes was found primarily between gametophytes and tetrasporophytes, but also between the male and female gametophytes. The differential expression of these multigenic genes provides a rare glimpse into cell wall biosynthesis in algae. Furthermore, it strongly supports that carrageenan metabolism holds an important role in the physiological differentiation between the isomorphic life cycle stages of Chondrus.
Professional mathematicians do not differ from others in the symbolic numerical distance and size effects
Authors: Hohol Mateusz , Willmes Klaus , Nęcka Edward , Brożek Bartosz , Nuerk Hans-Christoph , Cipora Krzysztof 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe numerical distance effect (it is easier to compare numbers that are further apart) and size effect (for a constant distance, it is easier to compare smaller numbers) characterize symbolic number processing. However, evidence for a relationship between these two basic phenomena and more complex mathematical skills is mixed. Previously this relationship has only been studied in participants with normal or poor mathematical skills, not in mathematicians. Furthermore, the prevalence of these effects at the individual level is not known. Here we compared professional mathematicians, engineers, social scientists, and a reference group using the symbolic magnitude classification task with single-digit Arabic numbers. The groups did not differ with respect to symbolic numerical distance and size effects in either frequentist or Bayesian analyses. Moreover, we looked at their prevalence at the individual level using the bootstrapping method: while a reliable numerical distance effect was present in almost all participants, the prevalence of a reliable numerical size effect was much lower. Again, prevalence did not differ between groups. In summary, the phenomena were neither more pronounced nor more prevalent in mathematicians, suggesting that extremely high mathematical skills neither rely on nor have special consequences for analogue processing of symbolic numerical magnitudes.
Indian Ocean Dipole in CMIP5 and CMIP6: characteristics, biases, and links to ENSO
Authors: McKenna Sebastian , Santoso Agus , Gupta Alexander Sen , Taschetto Andréa S. , Cai Wenju 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAccurately representing the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is crucial for reliable climate predictions and future projections. However, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and IOD interact, making it necessary to evaluate ENSO and IOD simultaneously. Using the historical simulation from 32 fifth phase of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) models and 34 CMIP6 models, here we find that there are some modest changes in the basic characteristics of the IOD and ENSO from CMIP5 to CMIP6. Firstly, there is a slight shift in the seasonality of IOD toward an earlier peak in September in CMIP6, from November in CMIP5. Secondly, inter-model spread in the frequency of ENSO and the IOD has reduced in CMIP6 relative to CMIP5. ENSO asymmetry is still underestimated in CMIP6, based on the skewness of the Niño3 index, while the IOD skewness has degraded from CMIP5. Finally, mean state SST biases impact on the strength of the IOD; the Pacific cold tongue mean state is important in CMIP5, but in CMIP6 the Pacific warm pool mean state is more important.