bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The isotopic composition of atmospheric nitrous oxide observed at the high-altitude research station Jungfraujoch, Switzerland
Authors: Yu Longfei , Harris Eliza , Henne Stephan , Eggleston Sarah , Steinbacher Martin , Emmenegger Lukas , Zellweger Christoph , Mohn Joachim 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) levels have been continuously growing
since preindustrial times. Mitigation requires information about sources and
sinks on the regional and global scales. Isotopic composition of N2O in
the atmosphere could contribute valuable constraints. However, isotopic
records of N2O in the unpolluted atmosphere remain too scarce for
large-scale N2O models. Here, we report the results of discrete air
samples collected weekly to biweekly over a 5-year period at the
high-altitude research station Jungfraujoch, located in central Switzerland.
High-precision N2O isotopic measurements were made using a recently
developed preconcentration and laser spectroscopy technique. The measurements of
discrete samples were accompanied by in situ continuous measurements of N2O
mixing ratios. Our results indicate a pronounced seasonal pattern with
minimum N2O mixing ratios in late summer, associated with a maximum in
δ15Nbulk and a minimum in intramolecular 15N site
preference (δ15NSP). This pattern is most likely due to
stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE), which delivers N2O-depleted
but 15N-enriched air from the stratosphere into the troposphere.
Variability in δ15NSP induced by changes in STE may be
masked by biogeochemical N2O production processes in late summer, which
are possibly dominated by a low-δ15NSP pathway of N2O
production (denitrification), providing an explanation for the observed
seasonality of δ15NSP. Footprint analyses and atmospheric
transport simulations of N2O for Jungfraujoch suggest that regional
emissions from the planetary boundary layer contribute to seasonal
variations of atmospheric N2O isotopic composition at Jungfraujoch,
albeit more clearly for δ15NSP and δ18O than
for δ15Nbulk. With the time series of 5 years, we
obtained a significant interannual trend for δ15Nbulk
after deseasonalization (-0.052±0.012 ‰ a−1),
indicating that the atmospheric N2O increase is due to isotopically
depleted N2O sources. We estimated the average isotopic signature of
anthropogenic N2O sources with a two-box model to be -8.6±0.6 ‰ for δ15Nbulk, 34.8±3 ‰ for δ18O and 10.7±4 ‰ for δ15NSP. Our study demonstrates
that seasonal variation of N2O isotopic composition in the background
atmosphere is important when determining interannual trends. More frequent,
high-precision and interlaboratory-compatible measurements of atmospheric
N2O isotopocules, especially for δ15NSP, are needed
to better constrain anthropogenic N2O sources and thus the
contribution of biogeochemical processes to N2O growth on the global
scale.
Understanding nighttime methane signals at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO)
Authors: Botía Santiago , Gerbig Christoph , Marshall Julia , Lavric Jost V. , Walter David , Pöhlker Christopher , Holanda Bruna , Fisch Gilberto , de Araújo Alessandro Carioca , Sá Marta O. , Teixeira Paulo R. , Resende Angélica F. , Dias-Junior Cleo Q. , van Asperen Hella , Oliveira Pablo S. , Stefanello Michel , Acevedo Otávio C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Methane (CH4) atmospheric mixing ratio measurements are analyzed for the period between June 2013 and November 2018 at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO). We describe the seasonal and diurnal patterns of nighttime events in which CH4 mixing ratios at the uppermost (79 m a.g.l.) inlet are significantly higher than the lowermost inlet (4 m a.g.l.) by 8 ppb or more. These nighttime events were found to be associated with a wind direction originating from the southeast and wind speeds between 2 and 5 m s−1. We found that these events happen under specific nighttime atmospheric conditions when compared to other nights, exhibiting less variable sensible heat flux, low net radiation and a strong thermal stratification above the canopy. Our analysis indicates that even at wind speeds of 5.8 m s−1 the turbulence intensity, given by the standard deviation of the vertical velocity, is suppressed to values lower than 0.3 m s−1. Given these findings, we suggest that these nighttime CH4 enhancements are advected from their source location by horizontal nonturbulent motions. The most likely source location is the Uatumã River, possibly influenced by dead stands of flooded forest trees that may be enhancing CH4 emissions from those areas. Finally, biomass burning and the Amazon River were discarded as potential CH4 sources.
On the interconnections among major climate modes and their common driving factors
Authors: Pan Xinnong , Wang Geli , Yang Peicai , Wang Jun , Tsonis Anastasios A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The variations in oceanic and atmospheric modes on various timescales play
important roles in generating global and regional climate variability. Many
efforts have been devoted to identifying the relationships between the
variations in climate modes and regional climate variability, but these have rarely
explored the interconnections among these climate modes. Here we use climate
indices to represent the variations in major climate modes and examine the
harmonic relationship among the driving forces of climate modes using slow
feature analysis (SFA) and wavelet analysis. We find that all of the
significant peak periods of driving-force signals in the climate indices can
be represented as harmonics of four base periods: 2.32, 3.90, 6.55,
and 11.02 years. We infer that the period of 2.32 years is associated with the
signal of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). The periods of 3.90 and 6.55 years are linked to the intrinsic variability of the El Niño–Southern
Oscillation (ENSO), and the period of 11.02 years arises from the sunspot
cycle. Results suggest that the base periods and their harmonic oscillations
related to QBO, ENSO, and solar activities act as key connections among the
climatic modes with synchronous behaviors, highlighting the important roles
of these three oscillations in the variability of the Earth's climate.
Highlights.
i. The harmonic relationship among the driving forces of climate modes was
investigated by using slow feature analysis and wavelet analysis.ii. All of the significant peak periods of driving-force signals in climate
indices can be represented as the harmonics of four base periods.iii. The four base periods related to QBO, ENSO, and solar activities act as
the key linkages among different climatic modes with synchronous behaviors.
Seismic hazard maps of Peshawar District for various return periods
Authors: Mahmood Khalid , Ahmad Naveed , Khan Usman , Iqbal Qaiser 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of Peshawar District has been
performed for a grid size of 0.01∘. The seismic sources for the target location are defined as the area polygon with uniform seismicity. The earthquake catalogue was developed based on the earthquake data obtained from different worldwide seismological networks and historical records. The earthquake events obtained at different magnitude scales were converted into moment magnitude using indigenous catalogue-specific regression relationships. The homogenized catalogue was subdivided into shallow crustal and deep-subduction-zone earthquake events. The seismic source parameters were obtained using the bounded Gutenberg–Richter recurrence law. Seismic hazard maps were prepared for peak horizontal acceleration at bedrock level using different ground motion attenuation relationships. The study revealed the selection of an appropriate ground motion prediction equation is crucial for defining the seismic hazard of Peshawar District. The inclusion of deep subduction earthquakes does not add significantly to the seismic hazard for design base ground motions. The seismic hazard map developed for shallow crustal earthquakes, including also the epistemic uncertainty, was in close agreement with the map given in the Building Code of Pakistan Seismic Provisions (2007) for a return period of 475 years on bedrock. The seismic hazard maps for other return periods i.e., 50, 100, 250, 475 and 2500 years, are also presented.
Chemical Variations in Hydrothermal White Mica Across the Highland Valley Porphyry Cu-Mo District, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Alva-Jimenez Tatiana , Tosdal Richard M. , Dilles John H. , Dipple Gregory , Kent Adam J.R. , Halley Scott 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Hydrothermal white mica in the Highland Valley district, British Columbia, is present in high-temperature alteration assemblages in early halo veins and in intermediate-temperature sericitic alteration assemblages in D-type veins. Pale-gray white micas characterize early halo veins in the Valley and Bethsaida zone porphyry Cu-Mo deposits, whereas pale-green white micas form texturally similar vein halos along the margin of the Valley deposit and at the Alwin vein. White micas in the Bethlehem porphyry Cu-Mo deposit form part of a sericitic alteration assemblage associated with D-type veins that overprinted K-silicate–altered rocks. Cation compositions in white micas indicate phengitic compositions trending toward aluminoceladonite. Pale-gray phengitic white micas intergrown with bornite-chalcopyrite-molybdenite contain elevated Na, indicating higher formation temperatures than those that characterize phengitic white micas formed during hydrolytic alteration. Bethlehem phengitic white micas have cation compositions similar to those of pale-green phengitic white micas at the Valley deposit margin, Bethsaida zone margin, and the Alwin vein. The Al-OH absorption wavelengths in pale-gray phengitic white micas are shorter than in pale-green phengitic white mica or phengitic white mica in the sericitic assemblage. In the phengitic white micas, alkali elements substituting in the interlayered site are positively correlated, whereas higher-valence elements substituting into the octahedral site show a greater variability. The data confirms that hydrothermal white-mica chemistry varies between paragenetic stages of a porphyry Cu deposit and between multiple porphyry deposits in a district.
Kidney cancer survivorship care: Patient experiences in a Canadian setting
Authors: Rai Yeshith , Zheng Shiyu , Chappell Heather , Pulandiran Menaka , Jones Jennifer 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The incidence of kidney cancer (KCa) in Canada is rising. Despite this, there is a shortage of research assessing KCa care experiences. This study aims to explore the current experiences of KCa survivors related to treatment and management, information provision, and barriers to care.
Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study of KCa patients was conducted online and through various cancer centers across Canada. English- and French-speaking adults who received a KCa diagnosis and were currently undergoing treatment or had completed treatment in Canada were eligible to participate.
Results: In total, 368 surveys were completed. Ten percent of respondents had not yet received treatment, 29% were receiving treatment, and 56% had completed treatment. Most respondents (72%) had localized KCa (stage 0–3) at diagnosis. Sixty-one percent of respondents reported that their doctors discussed various treatment options with them and 24% reported discussing applicable clinical trials. Most (85%) respondents received information about their KCa and 36% discussed where to get information about their disease and support. The most commonly reported barriers to care were side effects (26%), system delays (26%), not having access to certain treatments (25%), and financial burden (24%). More participants in Central Region and Quebec (p=0.004) and rural/suburban (p=0.014) areas reported lacking access to certain treatments and KCa experts.
Conclusions: This was the first large-scale study to explore access to care experiences of Canadian KCa survivors. Results show examples of good patient-centered care and provide new practical information that can inform efforts to improve patient-centered care for KCa patients.
Current status of wet lab and cadaveric simulation in urological training: A systematic review
Authors: Al-Jabir Ahmed , Aydin Abdullatif , Al-Jabir Hussain , Khan M. Shamim , Dasgupta Prokar , Ahmed Kamran 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: We undertook a systematic review of the use of wet lab (animal and cadaveric) simulation models in urological training, with an aim to establishing a level of evidence (LoE) for studies and level of recommendation (LoR) for models, as well as evaluating types of validation.
Methods: Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for English-language studies using search terms including a combination of surgery, surgical training, and medical education. These results were combined with wet lab, animal model, cadaveric, and in-vivo. Studies were then assigned a LoE and LoR if appropriate as per the education-modified Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine classification.
Results: A total of 43 articles met the inclusion criteria. There was a mean of 23.1 (±19.2) participants per study with a median of 20. Overall, the studies were largely of low quality, with 90.7% of studies being lower than 2a LoE (n=26 for LoE 2b and n=13 for LoE 3). The majority (72.1%, n=31) of studies were in animal models and 27.9% (n=12) were in cadaveric models.
Conclusions: Simulation in urological education is becoming more prevalent in the literature, however, there is a focus on animal rather than cadaveric simulation, possibly due to cost and ethical considerations. Studies are also predominately of a low LoE; more higher LoEs, especially randomized controlled studies, are needed.
Enkele fiscale aspecten van vruchtgebruik van privévermogen
Authors: van de Ven K.M.L.L. 
Published: June 2020

Enkele fiscale aspecten van vruchtgebruik van privé-vermogen
Binnen Europa zijn vruchtgebruikconstructies, al dan niet tijdens leven van de vruchtgebruiker gecreëerd, zeer populair om vermogen over te hevelen. Nederland lijkt hierop de uitzondering te vormen. De nadelige fiscale consequenties van een tijdens leven gevestigd vruchtgebruik liggen daaraan ten grondslag. De auteur gaat in op de Nederlandse fiscale gevolgen van enkele voorbeelden van vruchtgebruikadvisering aan Nederbelgen.
Is de verwerping van een nalatenschap een gift?
Authors: Kolkman W.D. 
Published: June 2020

Is de verwerping van een nalatenschap een gift?
De verwerping van een nalatenschap kan een gift behelzen. Deze kan een rol spelen bij de legitieme portie in de nalatenschap van de verwerper. De verwerping heeft ook op andere terreinen mogelijk vergaande gevolgen.
Use of an Instrumented Ankle Arthrometer and External Strain Gauge to Assess Ankle Dorsiflexion Motion and Plantarflexor Stiffness
Authors: Needle Alan R. , McAlister Maurice K. , Felpel Zachary J. , McBride Jeffrey M. 
Published: June 2020

Background
Ankle dorsiflexion motion and plantarflexor stiffness measurement offer clinical insight into the assessment and treatment of musculoskeletal and neurologic disorders. We aimed to determine reliability and concurrent validity of an ankle arthrometer in quantifying dorsiflexion motion and plantarflexor stiffness.

Methods
Ten healthy individuals were assessed for dorsiflexion motion and plantarflexor stiffness using an ankle arthrometer with a 6 degree-of-freedom kinematic linkage system and external strain gauge to apply dorsiflexion torque. Two investigators each performed five loads to the ankle at different combinations of loads (10 or 20 Nm), rates (2.5 or 5 Nm/sec), and knee angles (10° or 20°). Anteroposterior displacement and inversion-eversion rotation were also assessed with arthrometry, and functional dorsiflexion motion was assessed with the weightbearing lunge (WBL) test.

Results
Good-to-excellent intrarater reliability was observed for peak dorsiflexion (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC][2,k] = 0.949–0.988) and plantarflexor stiffness (ICC[2,k] = 0.761–0.984). Interrater reliability was good to excellent for peak dorsiflexion (ICC[2,1] = 0.766–0.910) and poor to excellent for plantarflexor stiffness (ICC[2,1] = 0.275–0.914). Reliability was best for 20-Nm loads at 5 Nm/sec. Strong correlations were observed between peak dorsiflexion and anteroposterior displacement (r = 0.666; P = 0.035) and WBL distance (r = -0.681; P = 0.036).

Conclusions
Using an ankle arthrometer to assess peak dorsiflexion and plantarflexor stiffness seems reliable when performed to greater torques with faster speeds; and offers consistency with functional measures. Use of this readily available tool may benefit clinicians attempting to quantify equinus and dorsiflexion deficits in pathological populations.
Predictive Role of Cardiac Troponin I, Creatine Kinase-Mb and Electrocardiogram in Early Assessment of Acute Cardiotoxicity in Patients Poisoned by Cardiotoxic Drugs and Toxins
Authors: Hilal Maha A. , Mahmoud Sharaf E. D. , Shokry Meray M. , Said Ahmed M. 
Published: June 2020

Background: In spite speedy development of clinical toxicology researches and protocols cardiovascular failure in severe acute intoxication remains a leading cause of death. Early cardiovascular risk assessment in acutely intoxicated patients is a must nowadays.
This study aims to evaluate the role of ECG, serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) for early detection of cardio-toxicity in acutely poisoned patients.
Methods: Prospective study was carried on100 patients with acute cardiotoxicity by drugs and toxins known to cause cardiac injury admitted to Sohag University hospitals, informed written consent has been obtained from each patient; ECG and biochemical analysis of serum cTnI and CK-MB were estimated in all studied patients.
Results: (90%) of studied patients had complete free recovery, (4%) discharged with complications and (6%) of patients died. ECG test can be used as a predictor of mortality and had sensitivity 100%, specificity 46.8% and negative predictive value (NPV) 100%. Serum cTnI was highly significantly increased with death hence could be used as predictors of outcome. While serum CK-MB couldn't be used as an outcome predictor. ROC curve analysis to assess serum cTnI as a predictor of mortality of acute cardiovascular toxicity with cut off > 1.0 ng/ml had sensitivity 100%, specificity 89.4% and NPV 100% with excellent diagnostic characteristic (accuracy rate 96.4%). There is no significant difference of serum CK-MB and serum cTnI among cardiac drugs toxicity patients and non-cardiac toxins patients.
Conclusion: the study concluded that ECG and serum cTnI can be used as a predictor of mortality. Also, the protocol of management will be same in acute cardiotoxicity by cardiac drugs and non-cardiac drugs and toxins.
Recommendation: the study recommends combining of ECG changes and serum cTnI as they can early detect acute cardiovascular effects in acutely poisoned patients.
Platelet Volume Indices in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Paramjit Ekta , Sudhamani S. , Sharan Anita , Pitale Sonali , Roplekar Prakash 
Published: June 2020

Background & Aims: Acute coronary syndrome is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world and platelet hyperactivity with local platelet activation plays a crucial role in its genesis. As there is discrepancy regarding the significance of deranged platelet parameters, we aimed to study the role of platelet volume indices in the spectrum of coronary artery syndrome and to correlate them clinically.
Study Design: The study was conducted by collecting the data of patients with Myocardial infarction from the Cardiac care unit registry along with their clinical history and investigations. Stable coronary artery cases were collected from the Catheterization Lab and compared with Age and Sex matched controls. All CBCs of the above groups were processed by a 5-part counter and the data generated was transferred to a master chart for statistical analysis.
Place and Duration of study: The study was conducted in the Central Laboratory & Department of Pathology at D.Y. Patil Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India in collaboration with the Cardiac Care Unit and Catheterisation Lab of the hospital for a period of two years.
Methods: A total of 122 cases were studied and grouped into 5 groups according to presentation and the platelet volume indices of these were compared with 38 matched controls and statistically analysed.
Results: Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Distribution Width of patients with ST elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and Non ST elevation Myocardial Infarction(NSTEMI) were increased marginally in number when compared to Stable Coronary Artery Disease(SCAD) and Control group, however this was not statistically significant. Platelet Large Cell Ratio (PLCR) was significantly raised in STEMI cases only (P = 0.09), so it may prove to be a better marker for the disease (P = 0.09). Platelet counts in various groups when compared with controls gave inconsistent results i.e SCAD vs Control significantly decreased (P = 0.07) and STEMI vs Control significantly increased (P = 0.01).
Conclusion: The platelet volume indices in suspected acute coronary syndrome cases showed various changes, but present data failed to be diagnostically significant. However this data may later help to characterise further relationship between Acute coronary syndrome and platelet function in subsequent studies.
Prophylactic Effect of Ethanol Extract of Azadirachta indica Leaf in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ezeigwe O. C. , Ononamadu C. J. , Onuegbu M. E. , Ikpeogu O. R. , Agugom I. C. , Ejiofor F. A. , Ezeokoye U. E. , Cornel-Ilokolobia U. H. 
Published: June 2020

Background: Medicinal plants are now becoming indispensable in the treatment and management of many ailments. The unaffordability, unavailability and adverse effects of conventional therapy in the treatment and management of many diseases have geared keen interest in the use of herbal medicine. This work was carried out to investigate the prophylactic effect of the ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica leaf in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: A total of one hundred (100) rats were randomized into four (4) groups (n=25) and used for the study. Each group of 25 rats was sub-divided into five (5) groups (n=5). The sub-groups comprise: Group A-normal control that was not treated, group B-100 mg/kg body weight of metformin and groups C to E - graded doses (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight) of the ethanol leaf extracts of A. indica leaves. The standard drug and the extracts were consecutively administered to groups B-E for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days before the induction of diabetes. Diabetes was induced intraperitoneally using 50 mg/kg bodyweight of streptozotocin.
Results: The groups that were administered 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bw of ethanol extract of A. indica showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in their weight after 21 and 28 days of pre-treatment compared with the control group that was not treated. The graded doses of the extract also have a remarkable effect in the fasting blood glucose levels which was made visible by the significant (p<0.05) reduction recorded in the fasting blood glucose levels compared with the control group that was not pre-treated and the group pre-treated with metformin.
Conclusion: The results obtained in this research suggest that ethanol extract of A. indica has the potential to protect against diabetes by delaying its onset. However, the longer the period of pre-treatment, the better the condition of the animals pre-treated as well as the protection as can be seen from the results of the weight and fasting blood glucose levels.