bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Asssessment of Sensorineural Hearing Loss among Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Gadag Raveendra P , Nayak Puneeth S , J Tejaswini 
Published: September 2020

Background: Hearing impairment is known to hamper the quality of life among patients, especially among diabetics due to the association of neuropathy with diabetes. However, the prevalence and degree of the SNHL depends upon different factors, such as age, gender, disease duration of DM, family history and glycemic status of the patients. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the association of SNHL with DM duration and familial DM and gender preponderance among SNHL–DM patients.
Methods: Total 140 patients with DM were assessed for hearing impairment using Rinne, Weber and Absolute Bone Conduction Tests along with pure tone audiometry. Patients’ glycaemic status was determined by estimating fasting blood glucose (FBG) and post prandial blood glucose (PPBG) levels. Independent t-test, chi-square, ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation tests along with linear regression model were used to find association and correlation using R software.
Results: Out of 140 patients, 60 were suffering from SNHL and majority were suffering from bilateral minimal hearing loss. SNHL was significantly associated with family history, age, duration of DM, FBG and PPBG levels were(Pvalues:1.79E08, 4.41E-06 and 0.02), however, significant correlated with duration of DM, FBS and PPBG level (r value:0.14–0.41).Furthermore, significant SNHL at 500 and 8000Hz was observed in the present study (Pvalue:0.002).
Conclusion: A conclusive proof was drawn that family history of DM serve as a valuable variable in assessing the SNHL among DM patients.
Hyperkinetic Dysarthria with Spasmodic Torticollis
Authors: Pani Susmi , Kabra Shruti , Chakraborty Shilpi , Chatterjee Indranil 
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Spasmodic Torticollis is a condition in which tonic or clonic spasm in the Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius muscles, cause the head to be deviated to the right or left and has also been reported to disrupt speech production. Spasmodic Torticollis is a part of unknown etiology of Hyperkinetic Dysarthria.
Case Report

We report a case of 30 years old male diagnosed as Hyperkinetic Dysarthria who was treated with speech therapy and without Botulinum toxin. Post therapy status was recorded after 12 sessions (frequency twice a week) and it shows improvement in speech characteristics.
Discussion

Management of the patients with Hyperkinetic Dysarthria with Spasmodic Torticollis is a long term and often a lifelong process. Speech therapy is offered at intervals in order to maintain communicative competence. Reported studies suggest the use of Botulinum toxin, but in the present study treatment efficacy was proven without the use of Botulinum toxin.
Paediatric Type I Cartilage Tympanoplasty with or without Concomitant Adeno-tonsillectomy – An Institutional Experience
Authors: Dutta Santanu , Ghatak Soumya , Saha Somnath 
Published: September 2020

Introduction
In the management of COM in paediatric age group, eradication of the septic foci in the tonsil and the adenoids while addressing the dysfunction of Eustachian tube play a key role This study aims to assess the success rate of type I tympanoplasty with cartilage graft in mucosal type of chronic otits media in paediatric age group and finally, whether concomitant adeno-tonsillectomy plays any role in outcome of surgery or curing the disease process.
Materials and Methods
A prospective clinical study was done over a period of one and half years amongst 59 patients, aged between 5 and 12 years, presenting with chronic otitis media with dry central perforation of ear-drum and pure conductive hearing loss. Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n1= 22) underwent type I cartilage tympanoplasty with adenoidectomy/ tonsillectomy/ both in the same sitting and Group 2 (n2= 37) underwent type I cartilage tympanoplasty without any adeno-tonsillectomy.
Results Graft uptake was 86.4% in Group 1 at 6 months post-operative follow up while that in Group 2 was found to be 86.5%. The mean hearing gain in two groups were found to be 15.91±6.54 dB and 17.02±8.96 dB respectively. No significant difference was found between graft uptakes and hearing gains in two groups at the end of the study.
Conclusion
Type I cartilage shield tympanoplasty, may be considered as an effective management strategy of paediatric chronic otitis media, mucosal disease. Type I tympanoplasty with concomitant adeno-tosillectomy did not prove to be better than type I tympanoplasty alone in terms of anatomic closure of tympanic perforation and hearing gain.
Analysis of Microbes and their Sensitivity Patterns in Chronic Otitis Media in West Bengal
Authors: Ghosh Sanjoy , Banerjee Swagatam , Saha Puranjay , Sikder Biswajit 
Published: September 2020

Introduction
Chronic otitis media (COM) is a commonly encountered condition in India because of socio-economic factors. Empirical antimicrobial therapy is crucial till definitive surgical management can be done. Periodic updating of prevalence and antibiogram of the etiological microorganisms of COM is thus important.This hospital based study aimed to detect the ongoing trend of microbes associated with chronic otitis media in eastern India and determination of antibiotic sensitivity patterns of bacteria.
Materials and Methods
A prospective study was conducted wherein ear swabs were taken from discharging ears of selected patients and sent for culture and antibiotic sensitivity tests.
Results
One hundred and forty two (142) samples were collected from 104 patients. 124 samples revealed monomicrobial involvement while 5 samples did not reveal any pathological organism. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common isolates comprising 31.33 % and 30.67 % respectively. Most organisms were susceptible to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides along with imipenem, meropenem followed by penicillin group of antibiotics.
Conclusion
The huge burden of chronic otitis media patients in India makes it essential to have an evidence-based protocol for initiation of empirical treatment. Hence, an idea about the microbes commonly responsible for disease and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns is helpful in clinical practice.
Systematic and experimental investigations of the anti‐colorectal cancer mediated by genistein
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Junzhi , Gong Yizhen , Lv Lv 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecent evidences have suggested that genistein, a beneficial isoflavonoid, exerts marked anti‐proliferative action on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. However, the exact molecular mechanisms behind anti‐CRC effect of genistein have not been elucidated. In current report, a systemic pharmacology analysis was used to disclose the anti‐CRC mechanism of genistein prior to performing experimentative certification. As shown in network pharmacology findings, a total of 189 common targets and 9 hard‐core targets of genistein‐anti‐CRC were collected and identified. And the detailed anti‐CRC functions and pathways mediated by genistein were uncovered. In further certification, human CRC samples resulted in elevated protein and mRNA expressions of myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein (MCL1), beta amyloid A4 protein (APP), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (KDR). In animal experiment, genistein‐treated tumor‐transplanted nude mice exhibited reduced tumor growth, accompanied with dose‐dependent down‐regulations of MCL1, APP, and KDR proteins and mRNAs. Taken together, the integrated bioinformatic and experimental findings uncover the anti‐CRC mechanisms and targets mediated by genistein. Significantly, parts of hard‐core biotargets were experimentally verified before clinical application, including MCL1, APP, and KDR.
Calibration, measurement, and characterization of soil moisture dynamics in a central Amazonian tropical forest
Authors: Negrón‐Juárez Robinson , Ferreira Savio J. F. , Mota Marcelo Crestani , Faybishenko Boris , Monteiro Maria Terezinha F. , Candido Luiz A. , Ribeiro Rubia Pereira , de Oliveira Regison Costa , de Araujo Alessandro C. , Warren Jeffrey M. , Newman Brent D. , Gimenez Bruno O. , Varadharajan Charuleka , Agarwal Deborah , Borma Laura , Tomasella Javier , Higuchi Niro , Chambers Jeffrey Q. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSoil moisture plays a key role in hydrological, biogeochemical, and energy budgets of terrestrial ecosystems. Accurate soil moisture measurements in remote ecosystems such as the Amazon are difficult and limited because of logistical constraints. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) sensors are widely used to monitor soil moisture and require calibration to convert the TDR's dielectric permittivity measurement (Ka) to volumetric water content (θv). In this study, our objectives were to develop a field‐based calibration of TDR sensors in an old‐growth upland forest in the central Amazon, to evaluate the performance of the calibration, and then to apply the calibration to determine the dynamics of soil moisture content within a 14.2‐m‐deep vertical soil profile. Depth‐specific TDR calibration using local soils in a controlled laboratory setting yielded a novel Ka–θv third‐degree polynomial calibration. The sensors were later installed to their specific calibration depth in a 14.2‐m pit. The widely used Ka–θv relationship (Topp model) underestimated the site‐specific θv by 22–42%, indicating significant error in the model when applied to these well‐structured, clay‐rich tropical forest soils. The calibrated wet‐ and dry‐season θv data showed a variety of depth and temporal variations highlighting the importance of soil textural differentiation, root uptake depths, as well as event to seasonal precipitation effects. Data such as these are greatly needed for improving our understanding of ecohydrological processes within tropical forests and for improving models of these systems in the face of changing environmental conditions.
Minimising turbine thrust variation in multi-rotor tidal fences
Authors: Stephenson T. F. L. , Vogel C. R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecent analysis of tidal stream energy devices has focussed on maximising power output. Studies have shown that significant performance enhancement can be achieved through the constructive interference effects that develop between tidal stream turbines by deploying them close together. However, this results in variation in the flow incident on the turbines and hence leads to thrust variation across the turbine fence. This may lead to varying damage rates across the fence with adverse impacts on operation and maintenance costs over the turbine lifetime. This study investigates strategies to reduce thrust variation across fences of tidal turbines using three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes simulations. It is shown that the variation in turbine thrust across a fence of eight turbines can be reduced to within 1% with minimal impact on the fence power. Furthermore, by reducing the rotational speed of inboard turbines, or varying the blade pitch angle of the turbines across the fence, it is possible to reduce overall turbine loads and increase the power to thrust ratio of the turbines.
Parastomal Hernia Following Abdominoperineal Resection
Authors: Bananzadeh Alimohammad , Jaweek Ibrahim , Rezazadehkermani Mohammad , Ghahramani Leila , Bahrami Faranak , Hosseini Seyed Vahid , Izadpanah Ahmad , Tadayon Seyed Mohammad Kazem 
Published: September 2020

AbstractParastomal Hernia (PSH) is a common complication of patient who undergone ostomy especially end colostomy. Presence of hernia defect is associated with the risk of strangulation and obstruction so understanding the potential risk factor such as patient’s factor and technical issues is important. This study is evaluating the incidence of PSH hernia in patients who undergone end colostomy due to Abdominoperineal Resection (APR) in a tertiary colorectal surgery referral center and explore the possible risk factors of this complication.The study was designed as a retrospective cross sectional study on 41 patients who undergone end colostomy due to APR. Three patient lost the follow up and 13 patients died and 25 patients were enrolled in study. Demographic data, history of smoking, steroid administration, Diabetes, obstructive pulmonary disease, transfusion, Neoadjuvant therapy, wound infection and Body mass Index (BMI) were gathered.The mean age of participants was 58.8 and the mean BMI was 25.04 kg/m2. The incidence of PSH was 40% and 68% of operations were done with Laparoscopy. This study could not find statistically significant risk factor for PSH.The 40% incidence of PSH is noticeable and specific strategies should be applied to reduce such complications. Larger studies is essential to investigate the possible etiologies of this complication.
The pitfalls of personalization rhetoric in time of health crisis: COVID-19 pandemic and cracks on neoliberal ideologies
Authors: Cardona Beatriz 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe rise of the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the incongruity of individualization ideologies that position individuals at the centre of health care, by contributing, making informed decisions and exercising choice regarding their health options and lifestyle considerations. When confronted with a global health threat, government across the world, have understood that the rhetoric of individualization, personal responsibility and personal choice would only led to disastrous national health consequences. In other words, individual choice offers a poor criterion to guide the health and wellbeing of a population. This reality has forced many advanced economies around the world to suspend their pledges to ‘small government’, individual responsibility and individual freedom, opting instead for a more rebalanced approach to economic and health outcomes with an increasing role for institutions and mutualization. For many marginalized communities, individualization ideologies and personalization approaches have never worked. On the contrary, they have exacerbated social and health inequalities by benefiting affluent individuals who possess the educational, cultural and economic resources required to exercise ‘responsibility’, avert risks and adopt health protecting behaviours. The individualization of the management of risk has also further stigmatized the poor by shifting the blame for poor health outcomes from government to individuals. This paper will explore how the COVID-19 pandemic exposes the cracks of neoliberal rhetoric on personalization and opens new opportunities to approach the health of a nation as socially, economically and politically determined requiring ‘upstream’ interventions on key areas of health including housing, employment, education and access to health care.
XVI American Literature: The Twentieth Century
Authors: Gifford James , Foltz Mary , Maruéjouls-Koch Sophie , Kidder Orion Ussner , Peppard Anna F , Parker Lindsay 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis chapter has eight sections: 1. Poetry; 2. Fiction 1900–1945; 3. Fiction since 1945; 4. Drama; 5. Comics; 6. African American Writing; 7. Native Writing; 8. Latino/a, Asian American, and General Ethnic Writing. Section 1 is by James Gifford; section 2 will resume next year; section 3 is by Mary Foltz; section 4 is by Sophie Maruéjouls-Koch; section 5 is by Orion Ussner Kidder and Anna F. Peppard; section 6 will resume next year; section 7 is by James Gifford and Lindsay Parker; section 8 will resume next year.
Intraepidermal Merkel Cell Carcinoma Mimicking Melanoma in Situ: A Case Report
Authors: Song Yali , Zheng Song , Guo Ying 
Published: September 2020

Abstract:Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an uncommon, but aggressive neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that occurs on sun-damaged skin of the elderly. Because its clinical presentation is usually nonspecific, the diagnosis is often made after histopathologic evaluation. Most cases are intradermal. Epidermal involvement is uncommon, whereas MCC limited to the epidermis is extremely rare. Here, we describe a case of MCC in an 88-year-old man with an extraordinary histopathologic presentation, namely nested intraepidermal proliferation of neoplastic cells highly resembling melanoma in situ.
Age Differences in Return-to-Work Following Injury
Authors: Fan Jonathan K. , Gignac Monique A.M. , Harris M. Anne , Smith Peter M. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives:
To examine the overall association between chronological age and return-to-work (RTW), and understand if existing data could be used to better understand the role of age-related dimensions (functional, psychosocial, organizational, life-stage) in explaining these associations.

Methods:
We used survey data from a prospective cohort of injured workers in Victoria, Australia. Path models examined the relationship between chronological age and RTW, and the proportion mediated via age dimensions.

Results:
Older chronological age was associated with non-RTW, although the pattern was not observed consistently across follow-up surveys. A proportion of the overall relationship between chronological age and non-RTW was explained by functional and life-stage age and RTW status at previous time points.

Conclusions:
Findings underscore the importance of moving beyond age measured only in chronological years, towards more complex conceptual and analytical models that recognize age as a multidimensional construct.
BreastIdea Volume Estimator: A New Tool for Breast Volume Estimation—Presentation and Validation for Women
Authors: Kasielska-Trojan Anna , Mikołajczyk Maksym , Antoszewski Bogusław 
Published: September 2020

Summary:
Breast volume assessment is crucial in a breast surgeon’s clinical practice. The aim of this study was to present and validate a new Web application, BreastIdea Volume Estimator, a module for breast estimation of the already validated BreastIdea application. Forty breasts in 20 women were scanned using a three-dimensional scanner. They were then photographed in nonstandardized conditions, and volume estimations were calculated using BreastIdea Volume Estimator. Accuracy in addition to relative and absolute reliability of BreastIdea Volume Estimator measurements were investigated. In addition, breast volume differences were analyzed. Breast volume estimation using BreastIdea Volume Estimator yielded satisfactory accuracy and presented precision of the level of clinical measures. The mean absolute difference for both observers was 4.33 ± 3.79 cc and 6.78 ± 4.66 cc, which correspond to 1.87 ± 1.89 percent and 2.75 ± 2.05 percent errors of measurement. Similar relations were found for measurements of breast volume differences. BreastIdea Volume Estimator is a clinically oriented, reliable tool for breast volume evaluation. It provides results of appropriate accuracy regardless of chest abnormality and photograph standardization.
The Echogenic Liver
Authors: Wu Markus , Sharma Priya G. , Grajo Joseph R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Ultrasound is the most common modality used to evaluate the liver. An echogenic liver is defined as increased echogenicity of the liver parenchyma compared with the renal cortex. The prevalence of echogenic liver is approximately 13% to 20%. In most clinical settings, increased liver echogenicity is simply attributed to hepatic steatosis. It is important to recognize other hepatic and systemic diseases including cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, glycogen storage disease, and hemochromatosis that may also cause an echogenic liver and to identify the associated findings to distinguish them from hepatic steatosis.
Outpatient Posttraumatic Auricle Reconstruction Under Local Anesthesia
Authors: Barbieri Diego , Familiari Marco , Indelicato Pietro , Bussi Mario 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We described an outpatient auricle reconstruction in an elderly patient after an accidental facial trauma. The procedure was carried out under local anesthesia given patient's comorbidities and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) therapy. The patient subsequently underwent to regular follow-up. An excellent healing of the auricle injury was achieved.
Subdural Hematoma Evacuation via Rigid Endoscopy System: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Yakar Fatih , Egemen Emrah , Dere Umit Akin , Celtikci Emrah , Dogruel Yücel , Sahinoglu Defne , Cuneyit Ibrahim , Bakirarar Batuhan , Adiguzel Esat , Coskun Erdal 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The utilization of endoscope-assisted surgery is becoming a more common modality for the surgical treatment of subdural collections. Considering the inflexible construction of the rigid endoscope, it's not clear where to perform the optimal craniotomy. Twenty four craniotomies (3 cm diameter) were performed in 8 hemicrania. The craniotomies were placed 1 cm front and behind the coronal suture and to the point where the parietal bone was the most convex. The craniotomies in the anterior (C1) and posterior (C2) of the coronal suture were in the mid pupillary line, while the posterior craniotomy (C3) was just lateral to the midpupillary line. At first, subdural distances measured, and then the distances from the craniotomy to the anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral directions in which endoscope could reach the farthest without the damage to the parenchyma were measured. The subdural distance was significantly deeper in C3 than C1 (P = 0.001); however, there was no difference between C3 and C2 (P = 0.312). The distance that could be reached with C3 was higher than C1 in anterior, posterior, lateral, and medial directions (P ≤0.001, 0.037, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively). The distance that could be reached with C3 was higher than C2 in anterior, posterior, lateral, and medial directions (P < 0.001, 0.02, 0.01 and <0.001, respectively). In subdural hematomas, especially that covers all surface of the hemisphere, the most suitable craniotomy is the posteriorly placed craniotomy to reach the most extended projection in anteroposterior line of the hematoma.
Is There Color or Sex Behind the Mask and Sterile Blue? Examining Sex and Racial Demographics Within Academic Surgery
Authors: Aggarwal Adeeti , Rosen Claire B. , Nehemiah Ariel , Maina Ivy , Kelz Rachel R. , Aarons Cary B. , Roberts Sanford E. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
The lack of underrepresented minorities has been a persistent issue within the surgical workforce. Equal sex representation has also been a problem in surgery. Underrepresented minorities females face the unique challenge of being a minority in both race and sex.

Objective:
The objective of this retrospective cross-sectional study is to determine the racial and sex demographics of medical trainees and faculty and determine the degree to which minority women are underrepresented at higher ranks and leadership.

Methods:
Race and sex demographic data for all medical students, surgical residents and faculty was extracted from the AAMC data files. This data was compared to the US population using chi squared tests. Race and sex breakdowns of the different surgical subspecialties was also analyzed using chi squared tests. Demographics of surgical faculty at various ranks are also reported.

Results:
White men made up 37% of all surgical residents. Black men made up only 1.9% of all surgical residents whereas Black women made up 2.6%. The subspecialty with the smallest percentage of Black women was Orthopedic Surgery with 0.6%. The specialty with the highest representation of Black women was Ob/Gyn with 6.2%. There was a decrease in representation of Black women with each increase in professional rank, with 2.8%, 1.6%, and 0.7% for assistant, associate, and full professor, respectively, as compared to Black men, who as a percentage, remained stable at the various ranks with 2.1%, 2.4%, and 2.1% for assistant, associate, and full professor, respectively.

Conclusions:
There is a striking lack of minority women in surgery. This trend is amplified as surgeons progress from student, to resident, to attending, and then to leadership positions.