bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral intraventricular primary central nervous system lymphoma (LIPCNSL): a review
Authors: Yang J , Liu Z , Yang Y , Chen H , Xu J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Lateral intraventricular primary central nervous system lymphoma (LIPCNSL) is an extremely rare intraventricular tumor with high malignancy and has never been systematically described.

Aim
To analyze the clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategy of LIPCNSL.

Design
Single-center retrospective study.

Methods
The clinical manifestation, imaging, treatment and outcomes of 13 patients with LIPCNSL who underwent craniotomy in West China Hospital between December 2008 and April 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results
Eleven male and two female patients were enrolled. The mean age was 49.7 years (14–65 years). The frequent manifestations include symptoms of raised intracranial pressure and limb weakness. The mean duration was 1.8 months (1 week to 1 year). The average maximal diameter of tumors was 4.1 cm (1.8–6.1 cm). Gross total resection was achieved in 84.6% of patients. Symptoms improved in 69.2% of patients but developed in 30.8% of patients after surgery. The median recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were 2.0 months (1–86 months) and 3.0 months (1–124 months). High-dose methotrexate or/and radiotherapy significantly prolonged the RFS and OS (P &lt; 0.05). Eight patients (72.7%) experienced relapse and progression. Salvage treatment significantly prolonged survival after relapse (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
LIPCNSL should be considered as a differential diagnosis of intraventricular tumors. High-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy should be the first-line treatment, and surgery is only for biopsy and improving symptoms. Long-term intensive follow-up is necessary and active salvage treatment should be performed after relapse.
Climate Finance
Authors: Hong Harrison , Karolyi G Andrew , Scheinkman José A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Climate finance is the study of local and global financing of public and private investment that seeks to support mitigation of and adaptation to climate change. In 2017, the Review of Financial Studies launched a competition among scholars to develop research proposals on the topic with the goal of publishing this special volume. We describe the competition, how the nine projects featured in this volume came to be published, and frame their findings within what we view as a broader climate finance research program.
Single-cell sequencing in hematology
Authors: Brierley Charlotte K. , Mead Adam J. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
In this review, we highlight key recent insights into hematopoiesis and hematological malignancies through the application of novel single-cell approaches. We particularly focus on biological insights made through the study of stem/progenitors cells in myeloid malignancy at single-cell resolution.

Recent findings
Bulk molecular profiling of hematological malignancies by next generation sequencing techniques has provided major insights into the molecular pathogenesis of blood cancers. This technology is now routinely implemented in advanced clinical diagnostics, leading to the development of novel targeted therapies. However, bulk genetic analysis can obscure key aspects of intratumoral heterogeneity which underlies critical disease events, such as treatment resistance and clonal evolution. The past few years have seen an explosion of novel techniques to analyze RNA, DNA, and protein expression at the single-cell level, providing unprecedented insight into cellular heterogeneity.

Summary
Given the ease of accessibility of liquid tumor biopsies, hematology is well positioned to move novel single-cell techniques towards routine application in the clinic. The present review sets out to discuss current and potential future applications for this technology in the management of patients with hematological cancers.
The microenvironment in myeloma
Authors: Lomas Oliver C. , Tahri Sabrin , Ghobrial Irene M. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
The aim of the review is to describe recent advances in our understanding of how multiple myeloma interacts with its cellular and molecular neighbours in the bone marrow microenvironment, and how this may provide targets for prognostication and prevention.

Recent findings
The bone marrow microenvironment in myeloma is beginning to yield targets that are amenable to therapy. A number of trials demonstrate some clinical efficacy in heavily pretreated disease. The challenge remains for how and when these therapeutic interventions are of particular benefit early in disease progression.

Summary
Multiple myeloma is rarely curable and its interactions with the bone marrow microenvironment are evident. However, separating cause from effect remains a challenge. We propose that targeting specific niches within the bone marrow will yield therapies that have the potential for significant benefit in myeloma and may facilitate earlier intervention to disrupt an environment that is permissive for myeloma progression.
Radiation-induced Osteomyelitis/Osteonecrosis of the Rib: SPECT/CT Imaging for Successful Surgical Management
Authors: Hamada Mariko , Nakahara Tadaki , Yazawa Masaki , Mikami Shuji , Kishi Kazuo 
Published: December 2019

Summary:
Chronic radiation-induced osteomyelitis/necrosis of the rib was rarely encountered in breast cancer patients even before the era of breast-conserving therapy. Few studies have focused on how to evaluate the extent of rib osteomyelitis for surgical management. A 78-year-old woman who had received radiation therapy after a radical mastectomy due to breast cancer 30 years ago manifested a rib pain and chest skin ulcers. Because chest magnetic resonance imaging failed to visualize osteomyelitis of the rib, a wide-ranged rib resection was initially planned considering her radiation field. An additional imaging, 3-dimensional (3D) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT), was performed to obtain 3D virtual chest images highlighting the areas of inflammatory or necrotic bone tissues; her osteomyelitis was localized in the left anterior chest. A chest wall reconstruction was performed using a vascularized pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap on the left side after the resection of the ribs, part of the sternum, and costal cartilage with radical debridement of all necrotic tissues. The 3D SPECT/CT contributed to a safe chest wall reconstruction with a 40% reduction in resected bone and soft tissues when compared to the magnetic resonance imaging-based surgical plan. Pathology results showed no evidence of inflammation or necrosis in the surgical margin. No complication related to the reconstruction or no recurrence was observed during a postoperative 12-month follow-up. The present case suggested that 3D SPECT/CT can be applied to preoperative surgical planning related to bone diseases including osteomyelitis, traumas, bone tumors, and diabetic foot. The appropriate application of 3D SPECT/CT requires full validation through significant clinical experience.
Surgical management of mitral annular calcification
Authors: El-Eshmawi Ahmed , Alexis Sophia L. , Sengupta Aditya , Pandis Dimosthenis , Rimsukcharoenchai Chartaroon , Adams David H. , Tang Gilbert H.L. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
The aim of the article is to discuss different therapeutic options for patients with severe mitral valve dysfunction because of mitral annular calcification (MAC), including mitral valve repair, conventional mitral valve replacement, percutaneous transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR), and hybrid procedures.

Recent findings
Optimal management of severe mitral valve disease because of MAC remains challenging. Various ‘resect’ or ‘respect’ repair strategies have been standardized and are applicable in eligible patients. Mitral valve replacement with a standard surgical bioprosthesis is often possible in nonrepair candidates, especially with noncircumferential MAC. TMVR has evolved as a feasible option for anatomically and/or clinically prohibitive open-surgery cases, with the caveat of strict anatomic eligibility criteria. Hybrid TMVR provides the advantages of both open-surgery and TMVR and has emerged as a promising alternative in select patients.

Summary
Surgical management of MAC and severe mitral valve disease continues to evolve. The addition of transcatheter valve options may benefit many patients previously considered inoperable and are now candidates for intervention. This review will summarize state-of-the-art management options for patients with MAC.
Treatment Outcome of Modified Argon Laser Photoablation for Conjunctival Cysts
Authors: Han Jisang , Lee Shin-Hyo , Choi Chul Young , Shin Hyun Jin 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate the effectiveness of conjunctival cyst removal using a modified method of argon laser photoablation.

Methods:
Seventeen cases of symptomatic conjunctival cysts were included. After staining the surface of a conjunctival cyst with a dark purple marker, the cyst was incised using a 26-gauge needle. Low-energy argon laser photoablation was then applied around the incision site for a mean of 100 times.

Results:
During a mean follow-up period of 13.3 months (range 6–28 months), all conjunctival cysts were successfully corrected by applying either one or 2 laser sessions. Complete resolution occurred after a single laser session in 14 eyes (82.4%). There were 3 cases of recurrence with medium to large cysts, and repeating the same procedure produced surgical success in all of these cases; the conjunctival cyst recurred again after the second laser session in one of the 3 eyes, but this spontaneously regressed without further treatment. No postoperative complications such as conjunctival scarring or persistent ocular irritation were observed.

Conclusions:
Our modified method of argon laser photoablation uses staining of the conjunctival cyst surface to increase the amount of thermal laser energy absorbed by the target. This novel technique is simple and effective for treating conjunctival cysts in an outpatient clinic.
“Double-Bubble” Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Unfolding in Eyes With Deep Anterior Chambers and Anterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Parker Jack S. , Parker John S. , Melles Gerrit R.J. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
To describe a standardized technique for Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty unfolding in eyes with deep anterior chambers and anterior chamber intraocular lenses (ACIOLs).

Methods:
Two air bubbles are used simultaneously: the first placed on top of the graft and the second one underneath.

Results:
The 2 bubbles work in concert—the bubble on top props the tissue partially open, while the bubble underneath levitates the graft away from the ACIOL and provides support for subsequent unfolding maneuvers.

Conclusions:
By sandwiching the graft between 2 bubbles, unfolding may proceed away from physical contact with the ACIOL, even in eyes with hyper-deep chambers.
Veganism, aging and longevity: new insight into old concepts
Authors: Norman Kristina , Klaus Susanne 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
Plant-based diets are associated with better health and longevity. Veganism is a strict form of vegetarianism, which has gained increasing attention in recent years. This review will focus on studies addressing mortality and health-span in vegans and vegetarians and discuss possible longevity-enhancing mechanisms.

Recent findings
Studies in vegans are still limited. Epidemiologic studies consistently show lower disease rates, such as lower incidence of cancer and cardiovascular disease, but mortality rates are comparable with rates in vegetarians and occasional meat eaters. Reasons for following strict vegan diets differ, which may affect diet quality, and thus health and life-span. New insights into some characteristics of veganism, such as protein restriction or restriction in certain amino acids (leucine or methionine) show potentially life-span-enhancing potential. Veganism improves insulin resistance and dyslipidemia and associated abnormalities. Gut microbiota as mediator of dietary impact on host metabolism is more diverse in vegans and has been suggested to be a health-promoting factor. Vegan diets do not fulfill the requirements of children, pregnant women or old individuals who should receive adequate supplements.

Summary
There is substantial evidence that plant-based diets are associated with better health but not necessarily lower mortality rates. The exact mechanisms of health promotion by vegan diets are still not entirely clear but most likely multifactorial. Reasons for and quality of the vegan diet should be assessed in longevity studies.
Is slower advancement of enteral feeding superior to aggressive full feeding regimens in the early phase of critical illness
Authors: Lheureux Olivier , Preiser Jean-Charles 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of reviewAn excessive caloric intake during the acute phase of critical illness is associated with adverse effects, presumably related to overfeeding, inhibition of autophagy and refeeding syndrome. The purpose of this review is to summarize recently published clinical evidence in this area.Recent findingsSeveral observational studies, a few interventional trials, and systematic reviews/metaanalyses were published in 2017–2019. Most observational studies reported an association between caloric intakes below 70% of energy expenditure and a better vital outcome. In interventional trials, or systematic reviews, neither a benefit nor a harm was related to increases or decreases in caloric intake. Gastrointestinal dysfunction can be worsened by forced enteral feeding, whereas the absorption of nutrients can be impaired.SummaryOwing to the risks of the delivery of an excessive caloric intake, a strategy of permissive underfeeding implying a caloric intake matching a maximum of 70% of energy expenditure provides the best risk-to-benefit ratio during the acute phase of critical illness.
The association of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography parameters with tissue gastrin-releasing peptide receptor and integrin αvβ3 receptor levels in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Arslan Esra , Aksoy Tamer , Can Trabulus Fadime Didem , Kelten Talu Canan , Yeni Begüm , Çermik Tevfik Fikret 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveGastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) and integrinαvβ3 receptors are significantly associated with primary breast cancer, neovascular endothelial, and metastatic tumor cells. We aimed to evaluate GRPR and integrinαvβ3 receptor staining,18F-FDG uptake patterns and possible prognostic factors in breast cancer.MethodsNinety lesions of 87 subjects diagnosed with breast cancer were included in this prospective study. The sections were stained with GRPR and integrinαvβ3. Subjects were divided into four molecular subgroups: luminal A, luminal B, triple negative and HER2. PET/CT imaging was performed on all subjects. The groups were compared in terms of GRPR and integrinαvβ3 staining properties, possible prognostic factors and mean SUVmax values.ResultsIncreased18F-FDG uptake was significantly associated with estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor negativity. Molecular subtypes were significantly associated with mean integrin scores (P = 0.030), while histopathological subtypes were significantly associated with mean GRPR scores (P = 0.029). Increased integrinαvβ3 expression is significantly associated with ER and PR negativity. Additionally, GRPR score was significantly correlated with estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression scores and a negative statistically significant correlation was detected between integrin and progesterone receptor scores. Mean primary lesion SUVmax had a statistically significant positive correlation with integrinαvβ3 score.ConclusionGRPR and integrinαvβ3 expression results are complementary to18F-FDG PET/CT findings, and are also significantly correlated with hormone receptors associated with aggressive subtypes. These results may pave the way for GRPR and integrinαvβ3 targeted imaging with68Ga-labeled molecules and systemic radionuclide treatment with177Lu-labeled compounds.
Safety considerations with biologics and new inflammatory bowel disease therapies
Authors: Queiroz Natália S.F. , Regueiro Miguel 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
The safety profile of therapies is an important issue that should always be shared with patients when choosing their treatment. The introduction of biologics over the past 2 decades represented a breakthrough in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). With better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease, emerging therapies targeting different mechanisms of action have been developed including targeted monoclonal antibodies and small molecules. However, increasing concerns about the safety and side effects of these drugs have been challenging clinicians in clinical practice.

Recent findings
Comparative safety data between different therapies are lacking in the literature. Most safety recommendations are based on adverse events reported in clinical trials and register-based cohorts. An extensive literature review addressing the risk of infections, malignancies, immunogenicity, and metabolic disorders was performed for biologics and new IBD therapies based on reported adverse events in pivotal trials, long-term extension trials and real-world studies.

Summary
In this article, we summarize the most recent data on safety of biologics and new IBD therapies and propose hierarchical positioning of drugs regarding safety based on expert opinion recommendations.
Recent insights into trace element deficiencies: causes, recognition and correction
Authors: Zemrani Boutaina , Bines Julie E. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of reviewTrace elements are vital components involved in major body functions. Cases of trace elements deficiencies are increasingly encountered in clinical practice, although often underrecognized. This review gives a thorough insight into the newest findings on clinical situations associated with trace elements deficiencies in children and adults, their recognition and management.Recent findingsTrace elements deficiencies are frequently found in various conditions, most commonly in burns, bariatric surgery, intestinal failure, renal replacement therapy, oncology, critical illness and cardiac surgery. The main trace elements involved are selenium, zinc, copper and iron. Trace elements deficiencies are associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Recognition of clinical signs of trace elements deficiencies can be challenging. Although trace elements supplementation is indisputable in many circumstances, it is still debatable in other situations such as sepsis and cardiac surgery.SummaryRecent findings on trace elements deficiencies could have important implications on health outcomes. Trace elements delivery is a core component of nutritional care. Front-line clinicians should be aware of at-risk clinical situations to provide correct and timely intervention. Future research should be directed towards investigating the potential benefits of antioxidant trace elements supplementation in children in whom studies are scarce, especially in critical conditions such as burns, sepsis and cardiac surgery.
Future of kidney stone management: surgical intervention miniaturization of PCNL: where is the limit?
Authors: Atassi Nabil , Knoll Thomas 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
Miniaturization was the major trend in percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the past 15 years, aiming to lower tract-size-related complication rates while maintaining good stone-free-rates (SFR). Although there is some evidence that 18 Fr Mini-percutaneous lithotomy (PCNL) has comparable efficacy to conventional PCNL and a lower risk of bleeding, it is less clear whether further miniaturization led to an even better safety profile while maintaining good SFR. The present review evaluates the latest results on efficacy, safety, and feasibility of miniaturized techniques 14 Fr or less in PCNL.

Recent findings
Recent literature of the last 2 years reported outcomes of different systems from 4.85 to 14 Fr. Most of these studies demonstrated good efficacy when comparing with RIRS or conventional PCNL. Limitations were a decrease in SFR for stone sizes more than 2 cm, a longer operative time and the likelihood of pathologic intrarenal pressure (IRP) with a higher risk of postoperative fever or sepsis.

Summary
Miniaturization of PCNL is an innovative approach in order to lower complication rates and hospitalization time for therapy of renal stones. Limitations like longer OR time or higher IRP may limit the benefit of super miniaturized systems. Currently, the 18 Fr Mini-PCNL seems to be the most reliable solution for stones up to 25 mm, whereas RIRS remains the first choice in renal stones less than 10 mm.
Clinicopathologic Characterization of Children With B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Over 10 Years at a Tertiary Center in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Kriel Magdalena , Davidson Alan , Pillay Komala , Hendricks Marc , Phillips Lee-Ann 
Published: December 2019

Background:
We characterized B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cases over 10 years at a tertiary children’s hospital to contribute to the body of knowledge on pediatric lymphoma in developing countries with a high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was carried out using clinical and laboratory records of children newly diagnosed with B-cell NHL from January 2005 to December 2014.

Results:
Seventy-five children ≤15 years of age were included. The majority had Burkitt lymphoma (n=61). Overall, (n=19) were HIV positive and 16% (n=12) had concurrent active tuberculosis. Bulky disease was present in 65.7% (n=46) and 30.1% (n=22) were classified as Lymphomes Malins B risk group C. The 5-year survival estimates for HIV-negative and HIV-positive children were similar in our cohort: 81% versus 79% for event-free survival and 85% versus 83.9% for overall survival. Of 3 children with Burkitt lymphoma, HIV, and Lymphomes Malins B group C, 2 died within 1 year.

Conclusions:
Irrespective of HIV status, the survival of children in our B-cell NHL cohort compares favorably with cure rates in developed nations, although advanced disease remains associated with a poor prognosis. Characterization of childhood NHL cases contributes to accurate risk stratification and tailored treatment.