bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress in human liver organoids
Authors: Sun Lulu , Hui Lijian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the development, regeneration, and disorders of the liver is the major goal in liver biology. Current mechanistic knowledge of human livers has been largely derived from mouse models and cell lines, which fall short in recapitulating the features of human liver cells or the structures and functions of human livers. Organoids as an in vitro system hold the promise to generate organ-like tissues in a dish. Recent advances in human liver organoids also facilitate the understanding of the biology and diseases in this complex organ. Here we review the progress in human liver organoids, mainly focusing on the methods to generate liver organoids, their applications, and possible future directions.
High spatiotemporal-resolution imaging in the scanning transmission electron microscope
Authors: Ishikawa Ryo , Jimbo Yu , Terao Mitsuhisa , Nishikawa Masashi , Ueno Yujiro , Morishita Shigeyuki , Mukai Masaki , Shibata Naoya , Ikuhara Yuichi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe temporal resolution in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is limited by the scanning system of an electron probe, leading to only a few frames per second (fps) at most in the current microscopes. To push the boundary of atomic-resolution STEM imaging into dynamic observations, an unprecedentedly faster scanning system combined with fast electron detection systems should be a prerequisite. Here we develop a new scanning probe system with the acquisition time of 83 nanoseconds per pixel and the fly-back time of 35 microseconds, leading to 25 fps STEM imaging with the image size of 512 × 512 pixels that is faster than a human perception speed. Using such high-speed probe scanning system, we have demonstrated the observations of shape-transformation of Pt nanoparticles and Pt single atomic motions on TiO2 (110) surface at atomic-resolution with the temporal resolution of 40 milliseconds. The present probe scanning system opens the door to use atomic-resolution STEM imaging for in situ observations of material dynamics under the temperatures of cooling or heating, the atmosphere of liquid or gas, electric-basing or mechanical test.
Music Therapist Experiences of a Randomized Controlled Trial as Clinician Researchers
Authors: Henley Amanda K , Collier Elizabeth , Robertson Kim , Biard Marial A , Bruno Kathryn , Bush Hannah , Frees Erinn , Krater Caitlin , Woolever Sarah , Burns Debra S , Robb Sheri L 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMusic therapy clinicians bring an important perspective to the design and conduct of clinically meaningful studies. Unfortunately, there continue to be roadblocks that hinder clinician involvement in research and the development of successful partnerships between academic researchers and practicing clinicians. To help grow clinician involvement, it is important that research teams share their experiences. As such, the purpose of this qualitative study was to share music therapists’ perspectives about their experience of working as a research clinician on a large multisite randomized controlled trial. 10 board-certified music therapists provided written responses to 6 data-generating questions about: (a) reasons for participating, (b) perceived challenges and benefits, (c) experiences of quality assurance monitoring, (d) professional growth, (e) value of research, and (f) advice for clinicians considering research involvement. Using thematic content analysis, we identified primary themes and subthemes for each question (20 themes; 30 subthemes). Qualitative analysis revealed not only common challenges, such as reconciling clinical and research responsibilities, but also benefits, including continued professional growth, greater understanding of research processes, and research participation as a way to advocate and advance the profession. Finally, for clinicians interested in becoming involved in research, therapists noted the importance of having workplace support from a mentor, supervisor, and/or administrator; seeking out available resources; and knowing roles and responsibilities before initiating research involvement. Findings offer important insight and recommendations to support the involvement of clinicians in research and support further exploration of clinician involvement in dissemination efforts to improve translation and uptake of research into practice.
Experience of Music Used With Psychedelic Therapy: A Rapid Review and Implications
Authors: O’Callaghan Clare , Hubik Daniel J , Dwyer Justin , Williams Martin , Ross Margaret 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music emerged following discontinuation of psychedelic therapy research in the early 1970s, but psychedelic therapy research has since revived. Music remains a vital component. This study examined participants’ experiences of music in psychedelic therapy research. A rapid review of qualitative and quantitative journal articles in four major databases was conducted in February to April, 2019, using the terms hallucinogens, psychedelic, “lysergic acid diethylamide,” psilocybin, ayahuasca, music, and/or “music therapy.” Of 406 articles retrieved, 10 were included (n = 180; 18–69 years old). Participants had varied backgrounds. Music was widely considered integral for meaningful emotional and imagery experiences and self-exploration during psychedelic therapy. Music transformed through its elicitation of anthropomorphic, transportive, synesthetic, and material sensations. Music could convey love, carry listeners to other realms, be something to “hold,” inspire, and elicit a deep sense of embodied transformation. Therapeutic influence was especially evident in music’s dichotomous elicitations: Music could simultaneously anchor and propel. Participant openness to music and provision of participant-centered music were associated with optimal immediate and longer-term outcomes. Many studies reported scarce details about the music used and incidental findings of music experienced. Further understanding of participants’ idiosyncratic and shared responses to music during drug therapy phases will inform optimal development of flexible music protocols which enhance psychedelic therapy. Music therapists could be involved in the psychedelic therapy research renaissance through assisting with research to optimize music-based protocols used. If psychedelics become approved medicines, music therapists may be involved in offering psychedelic therapy as part of therapeutic teams.
The Semantics of Evidentials in Questions
Authors: Bhadra Diti 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a novel cross-linguistic exploration of the phenomenon of Interrogative Flip at the semantics-pragmatics interfaces. Most previous studies describe an obligatory shift in the anchor of an evidential from the speaker to the addressee in interrogatives, across a diverse set of languages. In this work, we discuss a lesser-studied set of facts, which show that in many languages this shift does not take place. Modeling the contribution of evidentials with ‘judge’-sensitivity in the semantics and with newly refined notions of commitment and sourcehood in an extended dynamic pragmatics framework, the presence or absence of Interrogative Flip is shown to lie in an evidential’s ability to license a commitment update operator $\uparrow $. All attested evidential systems are shown to fall in either the class of $\uparrow $ licensors or not, with apparent exceptions explained across a heterogeneous array of data. A dynamic polar question operator is formulated and its interaction with $\uparrow $ explored. Finally, a novel link between evidentiality and bias is established, by arguing that the lack of the Flip results in biased questions.
Towards A Comprehensive Model For Interpreting Word Order In Classical Biblical Hebrew
Authors: Khan Geoffrey , Van Der Merwe Christo H.J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper we examine the function of fronting constructions in verbal clauses in Classical Biblical Hebrew, i.e. constructions that involve the placement of a clause constituent before the verb. We present a model that accommodates the vast majority of cases of fronting in a sample corpus of 1 Samuel. A key feature of our model is the recognition that fronting constructions include both categorical sentences, which make a predication about a base of predication, and also thetic sentences, which present a unitary situation. We classify fronting constructions into three types: (i) narrow constituent focus constructions, (ii) selecting topic constructions, (iii) thetic constructions. An innovative idea that is developed in the paper is that constructions (i) and (iii), although exhibiting different configurations of information structure, nevertheless share various functional properties on the level of discourse organization. On account of these shared properties, we argue that thetic constructions (iii) can be regarded as functional extensions of narrow focus constructions (i). Recognition of these various types of fronting and their interrelationship contributes to a better understanding of the phenomenon.
Genetically encoded X-ray cellular imaging for nanoscale protein localization
Authors: Kong Huating , Zhang Jichao , Li Jiang , Wang Jian , Shin Hyun-Joon , Tai Renzhong , Yan Qinglong , Xia Kai , Hu Jun , Wang Lihua , Zhu Ying , Fan Chunhai 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Spatial resolution defines the physical limit of microscopes for probing biomolecular localization and interactions in cells. Whereas synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy (XRM) represents a unique approach for imaging a whole cell with nanoscale resolution due to its intrinsic nanoscale resolution and great penetration ability, existing approaches to label biomolecules rely on the use of exogenous tags that are multi-step and error-prone. Here, we repurpose engineered peroxidases as genetically encoded X-ray-sensitive tags (GXET) for site-specific labeling of protein-of-interest in mammalian cells. We find that 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) polymers that are in-situ catalytically formed by fusion-expressed peroxidases are visible under XRM. Using this new tag, we imaged the protein location associated with the alteration of a DNA-methylation pathway with an ultra-high resolution of 30 nanometers. Importantly, the excellent energy resolution of XRM enables multicolor imaging using different peroxidase tags. The development of GXET enlightens the way to nanoscopic imaging for biological studies.
Contact Transmission of Vaccinia to an Infant Diagnosed by Viral Culture and Metagenomic Sequencing
Authors: Martin Rebekah M , Burke Kristina , Verma Dinesh , Xie Heng , Langer Janine , Schlaberg Robert , Swaminathan Sankar , Hanson Kimberly E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Targeted molecular diagnostic tests and accurate immunoassays have transformed the landscape of clinical virology, calling into question the usefulness of traditional viral culture. Here we present a case where viral culture, followed by metagenomic sequencing, was central to the diagnosis of an unexpected viral infection, with significant clinical and public health implications.
Remarkable response of a patient with secondary glioblastoma to a histone deacetylase inhibitor
Authors: Gurbani Saumya S , Weinberg Brent D , Salgado Eric , Voloschin Alfredo , Velazquez Vega Jose Enrique , Olson Jeffrey J , Shu Hui-Kuo G , Shim Hyunsuk 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Secondary glioblastoma is a rare brain tumor characterized by a mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase, which is reported to lead to epigenetic modification. Patients with secondary glioblastoma experience poor survival and quality-of-life outcomes due to the disease’s aggressiveness and a lack of targeted therapies. In this report, a patient with a secondary glioblastoma was treated with a histone deacetylase inhibitor, an epigenetic drug with potent anti-inflammatory properties, in addition to the standard regimen. The patient showed very favorable survival and quality-of-life measures, and a restoration of several neuro-metabolites as measured by spectroscopic magnetic resonance imaging.
Prevalence of high blood pressure among Canadian Children: 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines with the Canadian Health Measures Survey
Authors: Robinson Suzanne K , Rodd Celia J , Metzger Daniel L , Sharma Atul K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
We assess the impact of the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines on the prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) in generally healthy Canadian children and identify risk factors associated with high BP (elevated, stage 1, or stage 2 at a single visit).

Methods
A cohort of 7,387 children aged 6 to 18 years in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS, 2007 to 2015) had BPTru oscillometry with centiles and stages assigned using both the 2017 AAP guidelines and the 2004 Fourth Report from the National Institute of Health/National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NIH/NHLBI).

Results
Although both shifted upwards significantly, mean population systolic BP and diastolic BP percentiles are now 24.2 (95% confidence interval: 23.3 to 25.2) and 46.4 (45.3 to 47.6). As a result, the population prevalence of high BP increased from 4.5% (3.9 to 5.2, NIH/NHLBI) to 5.8% (5.0 to 6.6, AAP), less than in US children measured by auscultation (14.2%, 13.4 to 15.0). Children with high BP were more likely to be overweight/obese, to be exposed to prenatal/household smoking, and to have hypertriglyceridemia, without differences in dietary salt, infant breastfeeding, neonatal hospitalizations, or exercise frequency.

Conclusion
The 2017 AAP guidelines increase the prevalence of high BP in Canadian children; Canadian prevalence appears lower than in the USA. This may reflect differences in measurement methods or in the prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity between countries, that is, 31.1% (28.9 to 33.3) versus 40.6% (39.5 to 42.0), respectively. Those with high BP were more likely to have other cardiac risk factors, including overweight/obesity, prenatal/household smoking exposure, and hypertriglyceridemia.
Association of Physical Activity and Cognitive Activity With Disability: A 2-Year Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kurita Satoshi , Doi Takehiko , Tsutsumimoto Kota , Nakakubo Sho , Kim Minji , Ishii Hideaki , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective
Engaging in physical activity (PA) and/or cognitive activity (CA) retains function in older adults, but whether the combination of these activities is associated with disability onset is still unknown. This study aimed to examine the prospective association of PA and/or CA with disability onset in older adults.

Methods
This was an ongoing prospective community-based cohort study. Data collection was conducted through a health check. An analyzable sample of 2668 participants (mean age = 75.5 years; 51.6% female) were categorized into 4 groups based on quartile 1 (low) and 2 to 4 (high) values of accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous PA and CA scale scores based on the frequency of 6 activities including reading, writing for pleasure, doing crossword puzzles, and playing board games or cards. Disability onset was monitored through long-term care insurance certification for at least 2 years.

Results
A log-rank test showed significantly lower incidence of disability in the high PA and low CA group and the high PA and high CA group compared with the low PA and low CA group. Cox-proportional hazards models (referring to the low PA and low CA group) showed that only the high PA and high CA group was significantly associated with a lowered hazard ratio for disability onset (0.51; 95% CI = 0.29–0.90) after adjusting for covariates.

Conclusions
Engaging in both PA and CA is effective for reducing risk of disability onset, but engaging in either PA or CA is not effective.

Impact
Physical therapists can be guided by this research to design intervention strategies for people at risk of disability.
The Efficacy of Surgical Excision Plus Adjuvant Multimodal Therapies in the Treatment of Keloids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ellis Morgan M. , Jones Lamont R. , Siddiqui Farzan , Sunkara Pranit R. , Ozog David M. 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND
Research evaluating the efficacy of multimodal therapy for the treatment of keloids has reported combination regimens are most effective.

OBJECTIVE
To compare recurrence rates for keloids treated with surgery plus one adjuvant intervention (dual therapy) versus surgery plus 2 or more adjuvant interventions (triple therapy).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Systematic literature review and meta-analysis of combination treatment for keloids.

RESULTS
After full-text review, we included 60 articles representing 5,547 keloids: 5,243 received dual therapy, 259 received triple therapy, and 45 received quadruple therapy (the latter 2 groups were combined for analysis). The difference in recurrence rates between dual (19%) and triple therapy (11.2%) was not significant (p = .343). However, the difference in recurrence rates between dual therapy using surgery and radiation (18.7%) and triple therapy using surgery, radiation, and a third intervention (7.7%) was significant (p = .002). The differences for surgery and intralesional triamcinolone (TAC) showed trends toward significance, because keloids treated with dual therapy (21.7%) had a higher recurrence rate than those treated with triple therapy comprised of surgery, TAC, and another intervention (13.7%; p = .099).

CONCLUSION
Triple therapy using surgery plus radiation and/or TAC as one of the adjuvant treatment modalities may achieve the lowest recurrence rates for keloids.
Fluctuations in Vestibular Afferent Excitability in Menière's Disease
Authors: Rubinstein Jay T. , Phillips Christopher , Ling Leo , Nie Kaibao , Phillips James O. 
Published: March 2020

Objective:
To determine if Menière's disease is associated with fluctuations in afferent excitability in four human subjects previously implanted with vestibular stimulators.
Study design: Longitudinal repeated measures.
Setting: Tertiary referral center, human vestibular research laboratory.
Patients: Four human subjects with previously uncontrolled Menière's disease unilaterally implanted in each semicircular canal with a vestibular stimulator. One subject had only two canals implanted.
Intervention(s): Repeated measures of electrically-evoked slow phase eye velocity and vestibular electrically-evoked compound action potentials (vECAP) over 2 to 4 years.
Main outcome measure(s): Slow phase eye velocity and N1-P1 vECAP amplitudes as a function of time.

Results:
There were statistically significant fluctuations in electrically evoked slow phase eye velocity over time in at least one semicircular canal of each subject. vECAP N1-P1 amplitudes measured at similar time intervals and stimulus intensities seem to show somewhat correlated fluctuations. One of the subjects had a single Menière's attack during this time period. The others did not.

Conclusions:
In these four subjects originally diagnosed with Menière's disease, there was fluctuating electrical excitability of the ampullar nerve of at least one canal in each subject. These fluctuations occurred without active symptoms of Menière's disease.
Prognostic Factors Associated With Progression for Advanced-Stage/G1 and G2 Small-Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumors After Multimodal Therapy
Authors: Khetan Prerna , Oyewole Femi , Wolin Edward , Kim Michelle Kang , Divino Celia M. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives
Neuroendocrine tumors represent approximately 40% of primary small bowel malignancies. However, factors predictive of progression after multimodal surgical therapy have not been well described. We evaluated the characteristics of small bowel neuroendocrine tumor patients associated with progression after multimodal surgical resection.

Methods
A retrospective chart review identified 99 stage III and stage IV small bowel neuroendocrine tumor patients at Mount Sinai diagnosed and treated with surgery between 2005 and 2019. Progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as time from surgery until progression in surveillance radiologic imaging. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate PFS. Cox proportional hazard models were used to study the prognostic factors for PFS.

Results
Of 99 patients, 48 had tumor progression during the follow-up period. Median PFS was 5.7 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.73–8.66) for the entire cohort. Prognostic factors for PFS were age at diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.07), perineural invasion (HR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.13–4.23), and elevated preoperative chromogranin level (HR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.01–5.27).

Conclusions
Age at diagnosis, perineural invasion, and elevated preoperative chromogranin level may play a prognostic role in PFS.
The infected fracture: can we agree on standard definitions?
Authors: Hak David J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A precise definition of infection after fracture fixation is essential for the evaluation of published research data and for the future establishment of uniform treatment concepts. Recently, a multidisciplinary expert panel has developed a consensus definition that includes 4 confirmatory criteria for infection following fracture fixation. These criteria are: Fistula, sinus, or wound breakdown; purulent drainage or deep purulence at surgery; positive cultures from at least 2 separate deep tissue/implant specimens taken during an operative intervention; and microorganisms in deep tissue specimens confirmed by histopathological staining. The consensus panel also identified 6 categories of suggestive criteria which are features associated with infection that requires further investigation.
Acute and chronic infection: Is there a gold standard for management of the wound and bone defect?
Authors: Giannoudis Peter V. , Tosounidis Theodoros H. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Acute and chronic infections with bone involvement remain a challenge to manage. They pose a significant burden to the patient, the treating surgeon, and society. Multidisciplinary team involvement is mandatory for a successful outcome. Application of a gold standard approach is not possible due to the high heterogeneous patient population and the variable degree of severity of soft tissue and bone involvement. The mainstay of treatment remains the conversion of a septic environment to an aseptic one with aggressive debridement of the affected soft tissues and bone. Reconstruction of the soft tissue defect can be achieved using modern microsurgical techniques, whereas the induced membrane and distraction osteogenesis (bone transport) are currently the 2 most commonly used treatment modalities for bone loss.
The safest approach to deal successfully with this multifaceted clinical pathology is to always follow well-established principles of management and adapt treatment to the personalized needs of the patient.