bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intramedullary Nailing of Paediatric Tibial Fractures: Comparison between Flexible and Rigid Nails
Authors: Widbom-Kolhanen S. , Helenius I. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To describe patient characteristics and to compare outcomes of children undergoing rigid intramedullary nailing of tibial fractures as compared with those operated on using elastic intramedullary nailing. Methods: A retrospective review of 26 children who have undergone flexible intramedullary nailing of tibial fractures and 30 children with rigid nailing at our university hospital between 2008 and 2017. The patient charts and radiographs were evaluated to identify demographic characteristics and several variables were measured preoperatively, as well as 6–12 weeks postoperatively in addition to final follow-up radiographs. Results: Twenty-six patients (26/26, 100%) treated with a flexible nail and 14 patients (14/30, 46.7%) treated with a rigid nail had open proximal tibial physis (p < 0.001). An acceptable postoperative alignment was obtained in 20 patients (20/26, 76.9%) in the elastic stable intramedullary nail group and in 29 patients (29/30, 96.7%) in the rigid group (p = 0.026). Some complications occurred in four patients (4/26, 15%) in the elastic stable intramedullary nail population and seven patients (7/30, 23%) in the rigid intramedullary nail population (p = 0.46). Malunion occurred in six patients (6/26, 23%) in the elastic stable intramedullary nail group and in none of the patients treated with a rigid intramedullary nail (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Younger children with tibial fractures who weight 50 kg or less and with proximal tibial growth plates wide open can be treated with elastic stable intramedullary nail while more mature adolescents benefit from rigid intramedullary nailing.
The networks of human rights and climate change: The State of the Netherlands v Stichting Urgenda, Supreme Court of the Netherlands, 20 December 2019 (19/00135)
Authors: Pedersen Ole W. 
Published: October 2020

Climate change litigators are increasingly relying on a range of different jurisdictional avenues and legal regimes. The recent Urgenda decision by the Dutch Supreme Court provides a surprisingly rare snapshot of the relevance of human rights law to climate change litigation. Focusing on the Supreme Court's reliance on the environmental rights case law from the ECHR, this case note argues that climate change and human rights adjudications takes the form of an adjudicatory network. This network creates spaces for domestic courts to develop contingent responses to emerging climate change claims.
Contact force analysis on two-fingered robot grasping
Authors: Chen Jiun-Ru , Chen Wei-En , Liu CH , Wang Yin-Tien , Lin CB , Chen Guan-Chen 
Published: October 2020

A procedure for inverse kinetic analysis on two hard fingers grasping a hard sphere is proposed in this study. Contact forces may be found for given linear and angular accelerations of a spherical body. Elastic force-displacement relations predicted by Hertz contact theory are used to remove the indeterminancy produced by rigid body modelling. Two types of inverse kinetic analysis may be dealt with. Firstly, as the fingers impose a given tightening displacement on the body, and carry it to move with known accelerations, corresponding grasping forces may be determined by a numerical procedure. In this procedure one contact force may be chosen as the principal unknown, and all other contact forces are expressed in terms of this force. The numerical procedure is hence very efficient since it deals with a problem with only one unknown. The solution procedure eliminates slipping thus only nonslip solutions, if they exist, are found. Secondly, when the body is moving with known accelerations, if the grasping direction of the two fingers is also known, then the minimum tightening displacement required for non-sliding grasping may be obtained in closed form. In short, the proposed technique deals with a grasping system that has accelerations, and in this study the authors show that indeterminancy may be used to reduce the complexity of the problem.
Percutaneous Deep Foot Vein Arterialization IVUS-Guided in No-Option Critical Limb Ischemia Diabetic Patients
Authors: Cangiano Gianluca , Corvino Fabio , Giurazza Francesco , De Feo Eugenio Maria , Fico Francesca , Palumbo Vincenzo , Amodio Francesco , Silvestre Mattia , Corvino Antonio , Niola Raffaella 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To report our clinical experience with IVUS-guided percutaneous deep vein arterialization (pDVA) to treat chronic critical limb ischemia (cCLI) patients with no-endovascular or surgical options approach due to creation of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Materials and Methods: In a 2 years period, 14 no-option cCLI patients were treated with percutaneous deep vein arterialization (pDVA) by creating an AVF with a IVUS-guided system between posterior tibial artery and its satellite deep vein. Technical success was defined as successful AVF creation and venous perfusion of the wound site. Patients’ characteristics, procedure details, mortality and wound outcomes were assessed prospectively. Results: Successful pDVA was successfully performed in all patients (mean age 82 years) without any procedural complications. Clinical improvement was achieved in all patients with resolution of rest pain, tissue formation of granulation tissue or both; only 3 major amputations were performed within the study period with a limb salvage rate of 78%. Median wound healing time was 4.8 months. Conclusion: pDVA is a safe and feasible revascularization technique alternative in no-option cCLI patients.
Genetic associations between CYP24A1 polymorphisms and predisposition of cancer: A meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Guoqiang , Jin Maohe 
Published: October 2020

Background: CYP24A1 polymorphisms may affect predisposition of cancer, but the results of published studies remain inconclusive. Therefore, the authors conducted this meta-analysis to more robustly assess relationships between CYP24A1 polymorphisms and the predisposition of cancer by pooling the findings of published studies. Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, and CNKI was endorsed by the authors to identify eligible studies; 17 studies were finally found to be eligible for pooled meta-analysis. Results: The pooled meta-analysis results showed that genotypic frequencies of the rs4809960 polymorphism among cancerous patients and controls of Caucasian ethnicity differed significantly, and genotypic frequencies of the rs6022999 polymorphism among cancerous patients and controls of Asian ethnicity also differed significantly. Moreover, we found that genotypic frequencies of the rs2585428 polymorphism among patients with prostate cancer and controls differed significantly, and genotypic frequencies of the rs6068816 polymorphism among patients with prostate cancer/breast cancer and controls also differed significantly. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that the rs4809960 polymorphism may affect the predisposition of cancer in Caucasians, and the rs6022999 polymorphism may affect the predisposition of cancer in Asians. Moreover, the rs2585428 polymorphism may affect the predisposition of prostate cancer, while the rs6068816 polymorphism may affect the predisposition of prostate cancer and breast cancer.
A Case Report for a Complex Denture Case on a Special Care Patient with Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Sawyer Colin , Drysdale David 
Published: October 2020

This case report presents a patient with Dentogenesis Imperfecta (DI) associated with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) and its subsequent dental manifestations. The patient in this report (see Figure 1) has spent his life living with his disability type III OI (also known as brittle bone disease) and its degenerative affects. The patient is independent and enjoys his social life but felt his existing dentures were having an adverse effect on the quality of his life. The patient attended Dorset County Hospitals Special Care Dentistry and on clinical examination it was noted the patient was partially dentate with a class III malocclusion and brownish discoloration of the remaining teeth caused by enamel hypoplasia. Treatment for this patient would entail making a maxillary complete denture and a mandibular partial chrome denture, normally quite simple tasks but due to the DI and its dental manifestations, the treatment would be complicated. This case demonstrates how a complex case treated by a collaborative dental team using their different skills and knowledge can lead to a successful and rewarding treatment for both patient and team.
The Clinical Presentation of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders
Authors: Mccormick Neal J , Thomson Peter J , Carrozzo Marco 
Published: October 2020

Early detection of oral cancer improves survival rates significantly, however, the incidence of oral cancer has continued to rise in the UK – between 2002–2012, it increased by more than 30%.1 There is currently no national screening programme for oral cancer, so undertaking a full examination of the oral mucosa during routine dental appointments is vital. Although strong evidence is still lacking, oral cancer is thought to be preceded by oral potential malignant disorders (OPMDs) or oral precancerous diseases. These mainly present as white/red lesions within the mouth and their clinical appearance can be challenging to diagnose accurately, which can lead to them being misdiagnosed as negligible problems. Dentists must keep up to date with OPMDs detection and ensure they are capable of correctly recognising lesions that carry a potential risk. This paper aims to provide a brief overview on OPMDs, highlighting potentially malignant disorders as they may present to the practitioner, showing their typical clinical appearance, and suggesting differential diagnosis and clinical management in dental practice.
Service Evaluation of Recording Jaw Registrations for Removable Partial Dentures in NHS General Dental Practices
Authors: Keshtgar Safoora , Tosson Francesca , Mavani Disha , Sadhia Hussain Rima , Movahedi Sana , Austin Rupert 
Published: October 2020

Aims: To establish the prevalence of jaw registrations being taken for removable partial dentures (RPDs) in primary dental NHS practices. Method: 271 RPDs made by 16 general dental practitioners across four NHS dental practices were evaluated prospectively. The number of teeth replaced, whether jaw registration was undertaken, and the number of denture adjustment appointments were recorded. Telephone interviews with dental technicians were held to establish their preferred jaw registrations material. Main findings: Jaw registrations were not carried out in 27% (n=72) of RPD. When jaw registration was recorded, 14% (n=28) required a further denture adjustment appointment. 64% (n=46) of dentures where jaw registration was not recorded required at least one further denture adjustment appointment. Dental technicians unanimously preferred a squash-bite wax block, with centre and canine positions marked and cast models secured with elastic bands. Conclusion: Overall, recording a jaw registration reduced the number of denture adjustment appointments required.
Trajectory of Lumbar Translaminar Facet Screw Under Navigation: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Singhatanadgige Weerasak , Songthong Kittisak , Pholprajug Phattareeya , Yingsakmongkol Wicharn , Kotheeranurak Vit , Limthongkul Worawat 
Published: October 2020

Study Design: Anatomic cadaver study. Objective: Translaminar facet screw fixation supplements unilateral pedicle screw-rod fixation in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). Various screw diameters, lengths, trajectories, and insertion points are used; however, they do not represent true screw trajectory. We aimed to evaluate lumbar laminar anatomy and suggest a safe and effective insertion point and trajectory during lumbar-translaminar facet screw fixation in an anatomic cadaver study. Methods: O-arm navigation simulating the true translaminar facet screw trajectory was used to evaluate L1-S1 in cadaveric spines. The inner and outer diameters, length, and trajectory of the screw pathway were measured along the trajectory from the spinous process base through the contralateral lamina, crossing the facet joint to the transverse process base using 2 starting points: cephalad one-third (1/3SL) and one-half (1/2SL) of the spinolaminar junction. Results: Using the 1/2SL starting point, the outer and inner lamina diameters did not differ significantly from L1-L5 (7.47 ± 1.38 to 6.7 ± 1.84 mm and 4.73 ± 1.04 to 3.86 ± 1.46 mm, respectively). Screw length (36.16 ± 4.02 to 49.29 ± 10.07 mm) and lateral angle increased (50.28° ± 8.78° to 60.77° ± 8.88°), but caudal angle decreased (16.19° ± 9.01° to 1.13° ± 11.31°). Lamina diameter and screw length did not differ with different starting points. L2-L3 caudal angles were lower in the 1/2SL starting point. Conclusion: A 36- to 50-mm translaminar facet screw—with 5.0-mm diameter for L1-L2 and 4.5-mm diameter for L3-L5—can be inserted at the middle of the spinolamina, especially during minimally invasive TLIF, with a 50° to 60° lateral angle relative to the spinous process, and a caudal angle of 16° to 1° relative to the spinolamina from L1-L5.
Splenic lesion mimicking breast metastasis: The first description of splenic parenchymal endometriosis
Authors: Weyl Ariane , Illac Claire , Delchier Marie-Charlotte , Suc Bertrand , Cuellar Emmanuel , Chantalat Elodie 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Splenic parenchymal endometriosis has never been described to date. We report here the case of real parenchymal endometriosis of the spleen. Case description: In this case, a 54-year-old female patient presented a histologically proven metastatic recurrence of breast cancer in the internal breast chain. The CT-scan also detected a large cystic structure developed from the spleen, but non-suspected to be metastasis. The patient was treated with chemotherapy (paclitaxel) and a combination of targeted therapies (everolimus and trastuzumab). While a complete radiological and biological response was noted at 2 months, the splenic cyst gradually decreased over the years. When targeted therapies were stopped, a reincrease of the splenic lesion and de novo significant hypermetabolism of the splenic parenchyma on 18F-FDG PET scan were observed. A splenectomy was finally performed and revealed splenic parenchymal endometriosis. Conclusion: This case once again highlights the complexity of endometriosis disease, from a pathophysiological point of view, but also the difficulties of radiological characterisation, and diagnostic management.
Spinopelvic Parameters Do Not Predict the Sagittal Orientation of the Acetabulum
Authors: Hatem Munif , Nimmons Scott J. , Khoury Anthony Nicholas , Martin Hal David 
Published: October 2020

Background: The orientation of the acetabulum has a fundamental role in impingement and instability of the hip, and the spinopelvic parameters are thought to predict the sagittal orientation of the acetabulum (SOA). However, similar to the acetabular version (axial orientation) and inclination (coronal orientation), the cephalic or caudal orientation of the acetabulum in the sagittal plane, or SOA, may primarily be an intrinsic feature of the acetabulum itself. Purpose: To determine whether the spinopelvic parameters predict the sagittal orientation of the acetabulum in individuals without lumbar deformity. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in 89 patients (94 hips; 62 female, 27 male; mean ± SD age, 45.9 ± 15.4 years) without lumbosacral deformity who underwent magnetic resonance arthrogram (MRA) for assessment of hip pain. The SOA was determined in the sagittal cut MRA. A line was drawn at the distal limit of the anterior and posterior acetabular horns longitudinally to the transverse ligament, and the angle between this line and the axial plane represented the SOA. The sacral slope, pelvic incidence, and spinopelvic tilt were determined using a 3-dimensional cursor and the axial, sagittal, and coronal cuts. All MRA studies were performed with the patient in the supine position. Results: The SOA had a mean ± SD cephalic orientation of 18° ± 6.6°. No significant correlation was observed between the SOA and the sacral slope ( r = –0.03; P = .77). A weak correlation was observed between the SOA and the pelvic incidence ( r = 0.22; P = .03) and between the SOA and the spinopelvic tilt ( r = 0.41; P < .01). Conclusion: The SOA cannot be presumed based on the spinopelvic parameter. Similar to the well-known parameters to assess the axial and coronal orientation of the acetabulum, the assessment of the SOA demands acetabular-specific parameters. Additional studies are necessary to assess the SOA in asymptomatic hips, including disparities between genders. Clinically significant values for abnormal SOA of the acetabulum remain to be defined.
Older Adult Caregivers’ Experiences in an Online, Interactive Mindfulness Intervention
Authors: Hudson Janella , Ungar Rachel , Albright Laurie , Tkatch Rifky , Schaeffer James , Wicker Ellen R. 
Published: October 2020

Background. While today’s older adults experience longevity, they often manage several chronic conditions and increasingly serve as informal caregivers for aging parents, children with life-long disabilities, and spouses. Older adult caregivers managing personal chronic illness often experience significant psychosocial hardships. Objective. The primary purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of older adult caregivers in an online, interactive mindfulness intervention. Methods. Self-reported older caregivers who participated in an online-based mindfulness program (n = 20) were recruited for semi-structured interviews. Participants were asked to provide feedback about any previous experience with mindfulness and/or meditation, hopes or goals held prior to the start of the program, desired expectations, motivation for joining, impressions of sessions, most beneficial topics, potential application of content, and any perceived effects. Participants’ responses were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results. Five themes emerged from the analysis: Managing the Comprehensive Effects of Caregiving, Openness to Meditation and Mindfulness, Course Engagement and Incremental Growth, Building Rapport through Shared Experiences, and Ongoing Application and Opportunities for Refinement. Participants reported both short-term post-exercise benefits such as increased calm, relaxation, and stress relief, as well as long-term positive outcomes. Notably, participants found the program’s unique interactive feature to be particularly beneficial as a form of perceived social support. Conclusions. Caregivers for older adults may derive benefit and potentially experience reduced subjective caregiver burden as a result of participating in a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program, particularly when the program is augmented with a self-compassion approach and perceived social support.
Low concentration effects and different outcome in repeated reproduction tests with silver nanoparticles, silver nitrate and Folsomia candida (Collembola)
Authors: Zhang Xin , Filser Juliane 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) has been studied frequently due to a rise in application in various products. Various studies on AgNP toxicity with terrestrial and aquatic organisms confirmed their negative effects. In our previous experiments, strong variability was observed in the reproduction of Collembola (Folsomia candida) in different repeats. To investigate the effects of silver on the reproduction of Folsomia candida, they were exposed in laboratory-controlled conditions to AgNP and silver nitrate (AgNO3) at a concentration of 30 mg/kg dry soil for 28 days and compared to controlled individuals not exposed to silver. We repeated reproduction tests on the toxicity of silver to Folsomia candida four times throughout one year (April, July, October and January) in order to explore the temporal variability of their outcome.

Results
While adult survival was similar in all treatments and seasons, reproduction in the control increased from April to October. Significantly lower reproduction was found in January with only 385–424 juveniles per vessel, compared to 504–633 individuals in other months. Strong toxic effects of both silver treatments were observed in July, April and October. However, AgNP showed no toxic effects on the reproduction of F. candida in January. The relative toxicity of both substances varied between single experiments: AgNP were more toxic than AgNO3 in April and July, and less toxic in October and January.

Conclusion
These findings indicate that the reproduction of F. candida in the control had a significant effect on the results of the toxicology experiments. Moreover, we demonstrated the reproductive toxicity of AgNP in soil at a much lower concentration than reported thus far. Therefore, to guarantee reliability and reproducibility, we recommend to disregard any test results where the reproduction rate of F. candida in the control is significantly different from the average in the respective laboratory, even if the validity criteria of the test are met.
Primary abdominal cocoon with cryptorchidism: a case report
Authors: Song Wei-Jie , Liu Xin-Yi , Saad Galal Abdullah Ali , Khan Aawrish , Yang Kai-Yan , Zhang Yi , Liu Jian-Ye , He Le-Ye 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
We report a rare case of primary abdominal cocoon with bilateral cryptorchidism.

Case presentation
The patient had a history of laparoscopic surgery for bilateral cryptorchidism 6 years earlier. He was admitted to the hospital again due to intestinal obstruction. Surgery was performed on the patient after the failure of conservative treatment. The patient was diagnosed with primary abdominal cocoon. Instead of the greater omentum, many cocoon-like tissues surrounding the bowel were seen during operation. Abdominal surgery can increase the risk of intestinal adhesion, which is one of the main causes of intestinal obstruction, especially in patients with abdominal cocoon. We hypothesize that the surgery 6 years earlier to address transabdominal bilateral cryptorchidism accelerated the patient’s intestinal obstruction.

Conclusion
This case implies that it is important for urologists to evaluate whether their patients exhibit abdominal cocoon before cryptorchidism surgery, to choose better surgical methods and reduce the risks of poor prognosis.