bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON INTEGRAL REPRESENTATIONS OF THE DRAZIN INVERSE IN BANACH ALGEBRAS
Authors: González N. Castro , Koliha J. J. , Wei Yimin 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to derive an integral representation of the Drazin inverse of an element of a Banach algebra in a more general situation than previously obtained by the second author, and to give an application to the Moore–Penrose inverse in a $C^*$-algebra.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification:Primary 46H05; 46L05
INFINITELY MANY SOLUTIONS TO THE NEUMANN PROBLEM FOR ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS INVOLVING THE p-LAPLACIAN AND WITH DISCONTINUOUS NONLINEARITIES
Authors: Candito Pasquale 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we establish the existence of infinitely many solutions to a Neumann problem involving the p-Laplacian and with discontinuous nonlinearities. The technical approach is mainly based on a very recent result on critical points for possibly non-smooth functionals in a Banach space due to Marano and Motreanu, namely Theorem 1.1 in a paper that is to appear in the journal J. Diff. Eqns (see Theorem 2.3 in the body of this paper). Some applications are presented.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 35A15; 35J65; 35R05
Swept-wing boundary-layer receptivity to surface
non-uniformities
Authors: GAPONENKO V. R. , IVANOV A. V. , KACHANOV Y. S. , CROUCH J. D. 
Published: July 2002

The linear receptivity of a swept-wing three-dimensional boundary layer is studied
experimentally and theoretically. Cross-flow instability normal modes are excited by
means of surface vibration or roughness perturbations. The resulting disturbances are
investigated, and the normal modes are linked to the source perturbations. Experiments
are performed under controlled disturbance conditions with a time-harmonic
source that is localized in the spanwise direction. A localized surface vibration is
used to excite wave trains consisting of cross-flow instability waves. Normal oblique
modes (harmonic in time and space) are obtained by Fourier decomposition of
the wave trains. This provides the spatial variation of the normal modes and, in
particular, the initial amplitudes and phases of the modes at the source location.
The shape of the surface vibrator is measured and used to determine the complex
receptivity coefficients for the normal modes (i.e. for various spanwise wavenumbers,
wave propagation angles, and disturbance frequencies – including zero frequency).
The experimental receptivity coefficients are independent of the specific shape of
the surface non-uniformities and can be directly compared with calculations. The
theoretical work is based on a linear approximation to the disturbance source – valid
for small forcing amplitudes. Like earlier studies on roughness-induced receptivity, the
basic flow is locally assumed to satisfy the parallel-flow approximation. The modal
response for the cross-flow instability is determined from the residue associated with
the least-stable eigenmode.A detailed quantitative comparison between the experimental and theoretical
receptivity characteristics is carried out. Good agreement is found for the
roughness–vibrational receptivity coefficients of the swept-wing boundary layer (especially for the
most-unstable cross-flow modes) over a range of disturbance frequencies and spanwise
wavenumbers. The theory correctly predicts the initial spectra for the travelling
and stationary cross-flow instabilities excited by the surface vibrations and surface
roughness, respectively. The good agreement between theory and experiment suggests
that the linear receptivity theory can be used effectively in engineering methods for
transition prediction. The experimental data can also be used for validation of other
theoretical approaches to the problem.
English in advertising and brand naming: sociolinguistic considerations and the case of Brazil
Authors: Friedrich Patricia 
Published: July 2002

A study of commercial names that extends ET's on-going discussion of ‘shop-sign English’ and similar phenomena from Europe and Asia into Latin America.A large body of literature describes the use of English loanwords all over the world. When it comes to developing nations, one of the most common explanations for such a phenomenon is the superiority attributed to what is foreign, especially when business and advertising are involved. This article discusses the phenomenon of English loanwords and advertising using the case of Brazil as a scenario. It exemplifies the many motivations that lead to the incorporation of English into the world of business and advertising, and argues for a comprehensive view of this phenomenon, balancing external and internal forces contributing to the use of English.
Extensive Robertsonian rearrangement: implications for the radiation and biogeography of Planipapillus Reid (Onychophora: Peripatopsidae)
Authors: Rowell D. M. , Rockman M. V. , Tait N. N. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe remarkable diversity in chromosome number within Planipapillus Reid 1996, the most speciose genus of peripatopsid onychophorans, centred in the alpine region of south‐eastern Australia is documented. Robertsonian, whole‐arm rearrangements account for the twofold range of diploid numbers in Planipapillus. Ooperipatellus Ruhberg 1985, another clade of oviparous onychophorans, shows a very different pattern, with no karyotypic diversity among species from Australia and New Zealand. Rate constancy in chromosomal evolution among peripatopsid genera would indicate an ancient radiation in Planipapillus, with extant species representing relictual survivors of more recent Pleistocene climatic upheavals. Conversely, if the rearrangements in Planipapillus are the result of recent and rapid karyotypic restructuring, the karyotypic and species diversity within the genus may be attributed to recent population fragmentation and isolation resulting from the repeated glaciation and warming cycles of the Pleistocene rather than stemming from a more ancient radiation. Data from other animal groups support a model of accelerated rates of Robertsonian centric fusions concordant with a recent radiation in Planipapillus. Karyotype change may be an important factor in the generation and maintenance of Planipapillus diversity.
The web as a vehicle for constructivist approaches in language teaching
Authors: FELIX USCHI 
Published: July 2002

The central question in this paper is whether Web technology has the potential
to add value to face-to-face language teaching in the form of activities that cannot be realized
fully in a traditional classroom. While arguments will be presented for and against e-learning,
our conclusion is that the latest human-machine interfaces offer an environment for interactive
learning that can foster the acquisition of communicative skills. The paper argues that one of the
great strengths of the Web is the potential to engage students in creative information gap activities
and real experiential learning in the form of meaningful, process-oriented projects in authentic
settings. Evidence will be drawn from three sources:[bull ] The current literature on new learning approaches.[bull ] The latest best-practice applications, such as Webquests, Voice Chat, MOOs and innovative
co-operative ventures.[bull ] The findings of two large research studies by the author on
students’ perceptions of Web-based language learning in school and tertiary settings.The paper emphasises the importance of creating connectivity rather than content.
Hen harrier foraging success in relation to land use in Scotland
Authors: Redpath Steve , Amar Arjun , Madders Mike , Leckie Fiona , Thirgood Simon 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn the UK, hen harriers (Circus cyaneus) are illegally killed on moorland that is managed for red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus), and they produce fewer young per female on grouse moorland than on either unmanaged moorland or forestry. However, those breeding attempts on grouse moorland that escape nest destruction produce more young than in other land‐use classes. One explanation for this difference is that food is more available to harriers on managed moorland than elsewhere. To examine this hypothesis, we compared the capture rates of hunting male harriers on sites across Scotland. Four of these sites were managed for grouse whilst the remaining three consisted of either unmanaged moorland or a mixture of unmanaged moorland and young forestry plantations. We found a significant difference in capture rates, with harriers on managed grouse moorland capturing prey at a greater rate than elsewhere, supporting the idea that prey were more available on grouse moorland. However, there was no difference in strike rates between the land‐use classes, suggesting that prey were not necessarily more abundant on grouse moors. Males on unmanaged moorland tended to catch larger prey, though this was insufficient to compensate fully for the reduced capture rates. The improved hunting success on grouse moorland means that this habitat is likely to be more attractive to breeding harriers, thereby increasing the conflict between those interested in maximizing grouse numbers and those interested in conserving rare raptors.
The sexually‐selected sperm hypothesis: sexbiased inheritance and sexual antagonism
Authors: PIZZARI T. , BIRKHEAD T. R. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTWhen females are inseminated by more than one male (polyandry) sexual selection continues after insemination in the form of sperm competition and cryptic female choice. The sexually‐selected sperm hypothesis proposes that, under the risk of sperm competition, additive variation in male traits determining fertilising effciency will select for female propensity to be polyandrous in order to increase the probability of producing sons with superior fertilising effciency. Two factors complicate this prediction: sex‐biased transmission of male fertilising effciency traits and sexual antagonism of sex‐limited traits, fostered by sexbiased inheritance. Here, we (i) review the evidence that male traits contributing towards fertilising effciency are heritable through sex‐biased mechanisms, and (ii) explore the evolutionary implications for male and female reproductive strategies caused by both sex‐biased transmission and sexual antagonism of fertilising effciency traits. Many male fertilising effciency traits are heritable through sex‐biased mechanisms and may not necessarily increase female fitness. The predictions of the sexually‐selected sperm hypothesis change dramatically under these different mechanisms of inheritance of fertilising effciency traits, and different fitness pay‐offs derived by females from the expression of such traits. Both sex‐biased control of fertilising effciency and sexual antagonism may also be important in explaining the maintenance of the genetic variance and selection potential of fertilising effciency. We propose that a useful approach to test the sexually‐selected sperm hypothesis is to combine studies which identify behavioural and physiological mechanisms explaining variation in reproductive success with artificial selection experiments to infer the underlying evolutionary patterns.
Potent analgesic and anti‐inflammatory actions of a novel thymulin‐related peptide in the rat
Authors: Safieh‐Garabedian Bared , Dardenne Mireille , Pléau Jean Marie , Saadé Nayef E 
Published: July 2002

The present study examines the effect of PAT (peptide analogue of thymulin) in two rat models of inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by either i.pl. (1.25 μg in 50 μl saline) or i.p. (50 μg in 100 μl) injections of endotoxin ET.
Pretreatment with PAT (1, 5 or 25 μg in 100 μl saline, i.p.) decreased, in a dose dependent manner, both mechanical hyperalgesia, determined by the paw pressure (PP) test and thermal hyperalgesia determined by the hot plate (HP), the paw immersion (PI) and the tail flick (TF) tests.
Compared to the tripeptides K(D)PT and K(D)PV, known to antagonize interleukin (IL)‐1β or IL‐1β and PGE2 mechanisms, PAT, at lower dosages, exerted stronger anti‐hyperalgesic effects.
When compared with the effect of a steroidal (dexamethasone) and a non‐steroidal (indomethacin) anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID), PAT demonstrated equal analgesic actions.
Pretreatment with PAT, reduced significantly the increased concentration of IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α and NGF due to i.pl. injection of ET.
Injection of i.p. ET produced sickness behaviour characterized by hyperalgesia and fever. Pretreatment with PAT prevented the hyperalgesia and maintained the body temperature within the normal range and was accompanied by a down‐regulation of the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and PGE2 in the liver.
PAT, in all doses used, did not result in any evident changes in the physiological parameters or in the normal behaviour of the rats.
The anti‐hyperalgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects of PAT can be attributed, at least partially, to the down‐regulation of pro‐inflammatory mediators.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2002) 136, 947–955. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704793
The risk of transfusion‐acquired CMV infection in seronegative solid‐organ transplant recipients receiving non‐WBC‐reduced blood components not screened for CMV antibody (1984 to 1996): experience at a single Canadian center
Authors: Preiksaitis Jutta K. , Sandhu Jatinder , Strautman Maureen 
Published: July 2002

BACKGROUND: The use of CMV‐safe cellular blood components has been recommended for CMV‐sero‐ negative recipients of CMV seronegative (R–D–) solid‐ organ transplants. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The incidence of CMV infection in 281 CMV‐seronegative patients receiving renal, heart, heart–lung, lung, and liver transplants at our center between January 1984 and October 1996 was studied. The blood components that these patients received were neither WBC reduced nor screened for CMV antibody. RESULTS: One hundred thirty‐one of 154 (85.1%) patients receiving organs from CMV‐seropositive donors (R–D+) developed CMV infection compared with three cases of presumptive transfusion‐acquired (TA) CMV infection in 127 R–D– recipients (2.4%) (relative risk, 36.0; 95% CI, 11.8‐110.4). The organ‐specific incidence of TA CMV infection in R–D– patients was as follows: renal, 0 of 57 (0%); heart, 0 of 29 (0%); heart–lung and/or lung, 1 of 6 (16.7%); and liver, 2 of 20 (10%). There was no significant difference in the transfusion requirements of CMV‐infected and ‐uninfected R–D– patients. False‐positive results were often (40%) observed when posttransfusion serum samples were used for determination of the organ donor CMV serostatus. CONCLUSION: The low risk of TA CMV infection observed in transplant patients who received standard blood components in our study should be considered when evaluating the efficacy of programs that provide CMV‐safe blood components for this population.
HIV seroconverting donors delay their return: screening test implications
Authors: Schreiber George B. , Glynn Simone A. , Satten Glen A. , Kong Fanhui , Wright David , Busch Michael P. , Tu Yongling , Kleinman Steven H. ,   for the Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study
Published: July 2002

BACKGROUND: The yield of HIV p24 antigen testing implemented in March 1996 has been lower than projected. One possible explanation is that HIV seroconverting donors delay their return because of the recent practice of risk behaviors and/or signs and symptoms associated with primary infection. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: From a database of 6.8‐million allogeneic donations collected at five U.S. blood centers from 1991 to 1997, 49 HIV, 21 HCV, 32 HTLV, and 44 HBsAg seroconverters with at least three donations were identified. A statistical method was developed to investigate whether the time between a donor's last negative donation and their positive donation was significantly longer than expected based on their previous return history. RESULTS: HIV seroconverters returned on average 42 percent later than expected (p < 0.01). Although not significant, HCV seroconverters donated on average 43 percent earlier than expected. HTLV and HBsAg seroconverters did not appear to change their donation pattern around the time of seroconversion. Sixty‐three percent of the HIV seroconverters later acknowledged practicing a high‐risk behavior. CONCLUSIONS: HIV seroconverters delay their return around the time of seroconversion and are thus less likely to be recently infected. Unique among HIV seroconverters, this observation provides a possible explanation for the lower than expected yield of HIV p24 antigen testing and suggests that NAT may have a similar low yield.
Intraoperative blood salvage: a mathematical perspective
Authors: Hay Shauna N. , Monk Terri G. , Brecher Mark E. 
Published: July 2002

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative blood salvage (IBS) is one of several blood‐conservation strategies employed to limit the use of allogeneic blood. IBS with mathematical modeling was studied to gain a better understanding of its benefits and limitations. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Equations, based on a convergent geometric series, allowed the assessment of maximum allowable blood losses to avoid allogeneic RBC exposure in relationship to the fractional recovery of IBS. Such equations allowed us to calculate the potential “savings” in allogeneic RBC volume and to define better the efficiency of IBS. RESULTS: This model predicts that substantial amounts of RBCs (>2 units) can be recovered if there is large blood loss (e.g., >3000 mL) and if the minimal allowable Hct is low (e.g., 21%). As with other blood‐ conservation methods, this article shows that there are limits to the potential benefit of IBS for the avoidance of allogeneic RBC transfusion. CONCLUSION: IBS can be modeled with a convergent geometric series, and the amount of blood loss is dependent on the difference between the patient's starting Hct, the minimum allowable Hct, and the fractional recovery of RBCs. Such modeling illustrates the limited utility of IBS as a sole blood‐conservation strategy.
Representing knowledge: instances of management information
Authors: Hughes John A. , Rouncefield Mark , Tolmie Peter 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTAgainst the backdrop of discussions about the ‘Information Society’, the ‘Informational Economy’ and the role of IT in realizing organizational change we examine how representations of ‘organizational knowledge’ are constructed and used in work settings. We do this through the explication of ethnographic materials that detail the realization and use of Management Information (MI) in a major UK retail bank undergoing massive organizational change. We focus in particular on explicating how existing metric information was drawn upon to construct a representation of the work of the bank for those involved in managing that work. Systems designers have been increasingly interested in offering ways of conceptualizing the problem of ‘knowledge’ with a view to embedding these properties in systems. In the quest to develop representations of procedural knowledge to support work we argue that it is first necessary to understand how representations are actually created and used in work to support existing work practices.
Ligand-induced changes in the binding sites of proteins
Authors: Fradera Xavier , de la Cruz Xavier , Silva Carlos H. T. P. , Gelpí Jose Luis , Luque F.J. , Orozco Modesto 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Classical molecular interaction potentials, in conjunction with other theoretical techniques, are used to analyze the dependence of the binding sites of representative proteins on the bound ligand. It is found that the ligand bound introduces in general small structural perturbations at the binding site of the protein. However, such small structural changes can lead to important alterations in the recognition pattern of the protein. The impact of these findings in docking procedures is discussed.
Contact: modesto@luz.bq.ub.es; javier@far1.far.ub.es
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Deriving quantitative conclusions from microarray expression data
Authors: Olshen Adam B. , Jain Ajay N. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: The last few years have seen the development of DNA microarray technology that allows simultaneous measurement of the expression levels of thousands of genes. While many methods have been developed to analyze such data, most have been visualization-based. Methods that yield quantitative conclusions have been diverse and complex.
Results: We present two straightforward methods for identifying specific genes whose expression is linked with a phenotype or outcome variable as well as for systematically predicting sample class membership: (1) a conservative, permutation-based approach to identifying differentially expressed genes; (2) an augmentation of K-nearest-neighbor pattern classification. Our analyses replicate the quantitative conclusions of Golub et al. (1999; Science, 286, 531–537) on leukemia data, with better classification results, using far simpler methods. With the breast tumor data of Perou et al. (2000; Nature, 406, 747–752), the methods lend rigorous quantitative support to the conclusions of the original paper. In the case of the lymphoma data in Alizadeh et al. (2000; Nature, 403, 503–511), our analyses only partially support the conclusions of the original authors.
Availability: The software and supplementary information are available freely to researchers at academic and non-profit institutions at http://cc.ucsf.edu/jain/public
Contact: ajain@cc.ucsf.edu
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Genetic Control of Male Germ Unit Organization in Arabidopsis
Authors: Lalanne Eric , Twell David 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
In flowering plants, the vegetative nucleus and the two sperm cells are proposed to form a functional assemblage, the male germ unit (MGU). Here, we describe the developmental pathway of MGU assembly in Arabidopsis and report two classes of mutations that affect the integrity and/or the positioning of the MGU in the mature pollen grain. In germ unit malformed (gum) mutants, the vegetative nucleus is positioned adjacent to the pollen grain wall, separate from the two sperm cells, whereas in MGU displaced (mud) mutants, the intact MGU is displaced to the pollen grain wall.mud and gum mutants correspond to male-specific gametophytic mutations that also reduce pollen fitness. Genetic mapping showed that the gum1 andgum2 mutations are genetically linked, possibly allelic, whereas the mud1 and mud2 mutations correspond to two unlinked loci mapping on different chromosomes. The hierarchical relationship between mud andgum mutations was investigated by phenotypic analysis of double mutants. gum1 appeared to act earlier thanmud1 and mud2, affecting initial MGU assembly and its stability during pollen maturation. In contrast,mud1 and mud2 mutations appear to act only on MGU positioning during final maturation. From in planta analyses of pollen germination in mud andgum mutants, we conclude that the initial proximity and positioning of MGU components is not required for their entrance into the pollen tube, but the efficiency of MGU translocation is reduced.
Calcium Signaling through Protein Kinases. The Arabidopsis Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase Gene Family
Authors: Cheng Shu-Hua , Willmann Matthew R. , Chen Huei-Chi , Sheen Jen 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
In plants, numerous Ca2+-stimulated protein kinase activities occur through calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs). These novel calcium sensors are likely to be crucial mediators of responses to diverse endogenous and environmental cues. However, the precise biological function(s) of most CDPKs remains elusive. The Arabidopsis genome is predicted to encode 34 different CDPKs. In this Update, we analyze the Arabidopsis CDPK gene family and review the expression, regulation, and possible functions of plant CDPKs. By combining emerging cellular and genomic technologies with genetic and biochemical approaches, the characterization of Arabidopsis CDPKs provides a valuable opportunity to understand the plant calcium-signaling network.