bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalous Heat Diffusion in a Chain of Large Particles Through Radiative Heat Transfer
Authors: Liu B. K. , Zhao J. M. , Liu L. H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Radiative heat transfer in particulate system has many applications in industry. Recently, the anomalous heat diffusion was reported for particulate system in near field thermal radiation heat transfer, and the existence of heat super-diffusive regimes was observed and the spread of heat can be described by Levy flight. In this work, attention is paid to investigate whether there is anomalous heat diffusion in far-field radiative heat transfer or not. Specifically, this study is focused on the radiative heat transport of a system, consisting of optically large particles, in the geometric optic range. Those particles are arranged in a linear chain surrounded by reflective walls and all particles are identical and equally spaced. The effect of the boundary type and particle surface emissivity on the heat diffusion is also investigated. The heat diffusion behavior in the far-field is studied based on Monte Carlo ray tracing method and the fractional diffusion equation in one dimension. The result indicates the existence of anomalous heat diffusion in the far-field by analyzing the asymptotic behavior of radiation distribution function (RDF). It’s shown that the distribution of RDF decays in power law and can be divided into two parts: for near the source particle, heat diffusive regime is super-diffusive (according to the analysis of fractional diffusion equation), while for far from the source particle, heat diffusive regime becomes sub-diffusive. Moreover, the kind of boundary type and particle wall emissivity have a significant influence on the heat diffusion of the far-field radiation heat transfer. This work will help the understanding of radiation heat transfer in particulate system in the far-field.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) of paraesophageal lung tumors – diagnostic yield and added value
Authors: Chira Romeo Ioan , Chira Alexandra , Ichim Vlad Andrei , Nagy Georgiana Anca , Florea Alina , Crisan Doinita , Popovici Bogdan 
Published: November 2019

Aims: There are few data on the use of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for the biopsy of suspected malignant lesions of the lung. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of transesophageal EUS fine needle aspiration (EUSFNA) for the diagnosis of paraesophageal lung tumors and also for the confirmation of metastatic sites of lung cancer during the same procedure.Material and methods: We performed a retrospective study in a tertiary care unit including 19 patientswith paraesophageal lung tumors referred to our department for a lung biopsy. Transesophageal EUS-FNA was performed using a linear echoendoscope and 22G needles.Results: In all 19 patients with suspected lung tumors the confirmation of the malignant disease was achieved. Pathological examination revealed 16 cases of non-small cell lung cancers, 2 small cell lung cancers and one case of lung metastases. Diagnostic yield of lung EUS-FNA was 1, with no post-procedural complications. In 7 cases, we performed also biopsies of suspected metastasis and all biopsies revealed the same histopathological type as the primary tumor.Conclusions: Our study supports the use of this minimally invasive technique for paraesophageally locatedlung tumors and demonstrates that EUS-FNA is safe and has an excellent diagnostic yield.
Alcohol Consumption, Cigarette Smoking, and Risk of Breast Cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers: Results from The BRCA1 and BRCA2 Cohort Consortium
Authors: Li Hongyan , Terry Mary Beth , Antoniou Antonis C. , Phillips Kelly-Anne , Kast Karin , Mooij Thea M. , Engel Christoph , Noguès Catherine , Stoppa-Lyonnet Dominique , Lasset Christine , Berthet Pascaline , Mari Veronique , Caron Olivier ,   for the GENEPSO study, Barrowdale Daniel , Frost Debra , Brewer Carole , Evans D. Gareth , Izatt Louise , Side Lucy , Walker Lisa , Tischkowitz Marc , Rogers Mark T. , Porteous Mary E. , Snape Katie ,   for the EMBRACE study, Meijers-Heijboer Hanne E.J. , Gille Johan J.P. , Blok Marinus J. , Hoogerbrugge Nicoline ,   for the HEBON Investigators, Daly Mary B. , Andrulis Irene L. , Buys Saundra S. , John Esther M. , McLachlan Sue-Anne , Friedlander Michael ,   for the kConFab Investigators, Tan Yen Y. , Osorio Ana , Caldes Trinidad , Jakubowska Anna , Simard Jacques , Singer Christian F. , Olah Edith , Navratilova Marie , Foretova Lenka , Gerdes Anne-Marie , Roos-Blom Marie-José , Arver Brita , Olsson Håkan , Schmutzler Rita K. , Hopper John L. , Milne Roger L. , Easton Douglas F. , Van Leeuwen Flora E. , Rookus Matti A. , Andrieu Nadine , Goldgar David E. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background:
Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption have been intensively studied in the general population to assess their effects on the risk of breast cancer, but very few studies have examined these effects in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Given the high breast cancer risk for mutation carriers and the importance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in DNA repair, better evidence on the associations of these lifestyle factors with breast cancer risk is essential.

Methods:
Using a large international pooled cohort of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, we conducted retrospective (5,707 BRCA1 mutation carriers and 3,525 BRCA2 mutation carriers) and prospective (2,276 BRCA1 mutation carriers and 1,610 BRCA2 mutation carriers) analyses of alcohol and tobacco consumption using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results:
For both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, none of the smoking-related variables was associated with breast cancer risk, except smoking for more than 5 years before a first full-term pregnancy (FFTP) when compared with parous women who never smoked. For BRCA1 mutation carriers, the HR from retrospective analysis (HRR) was 1.19 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.39] and the HR from prospective analysis (HRP) was 1.36 (95% CI, 0.99–1.87). For BRCA2 mutation carriers, smoking for more than 5 years before an FFTP showed an association of a similar magnitude, but the confidence limits were wider (HRR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.01–1.55 and HRP = 1.30; 95% CI, 0.83–2.01). For both carrier groups, alcohol consumption was not associated with breast cancer risk.

Conclusions:
The finding that smoking during the prereproductive years increases breast cancer risk for mutation carriers warrants further investigation.

Impact:
This is the largest prospective study of BRCA mutation carriers to assess these important risk factors.
ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕНІСТЬ ВІТАМІНОМ D ПАЦІЄНТІВ З ХРОНІЧНИМ ГЕПАТИТОМ С
Authors: Nikolaychuk M. A. , Shostakovych-Koretska L. R. , Budayeva I. V. , Shevchenko-Makarenko O. P. 
Published: December 2019

Мета роботи – вивчити забезпеченість вітаміном D (25 гідроксикальциферол (25(OH)D) хворих на хронічний гепатит С (ХГС) перед початком противірусної терапії (ПВТ).
Матеріали і методи. Досліджено 100 осіб, які перебували у реєстрі хворих на хронічний вірусний гепатит у Дніпропетровському регіоні, яким у сироватці крові визначали метаболіт вітаміну D, що синтезується печінкою – 25 гідроксикальциферол (25(OH)D), який на сьогодні є індикатором забезпеченості вітаміном D організму людини. Оцінка вітамін D-статусу проводилась відповідно до класифікації (M.F. Holick, 2011), згідно з якою рівень 25(OH)D у сироватці крові від 75-200 нмоль/л або 30-85 нг/мл є оптимальним, рівень 25-гідроксикальциферолу від 75 нмоль/л до 50 нмоль/л або 29-20 нг/мл у крові – суб­оптимальним рівнем вітаміну D, а показник нижчий 50 нмоль/л або менше 20 нг/мл відповідає дефіциту вітаміну D. Пацієнти були розподілені залежно від рівня вітаміну D на 3 групи (пацієнти з оптимальним рівнем, субоптимальним рівнем і дефіцитом вітаміну D).
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Результати дослідження продемонстрували, що лише 18 (18,0 %) пацієнтів мали оптимальний рівень вітаміну D, у 38 хворих (38,0 %) виявлено субоптимальний рівень вітаміну D, у більшості хворих – 44 (44,0 %) діагностовано дефіцит вітаміну D, що вказує на певну закономірність між рівнем вітаміну D та ХГС. Було встановлено, що дефіцит вітаміну D переважав у хворих у вікових межах 45-59 років (61,4 %) і 25-44 років (22,7 %). З’ясовано, що вміст вітаміну D при ХГС не залежав від статі й був знижений у більшості хворих жінок і чоловіків.
ЕНЦЕФАЛОМІЄЛІТ ЯК УСКЛАДНЕННЯ ШИГЕЛЬОЗУ
Authors: Prokopiv O. V. , Prykuda N. M. 
Published: December 2019

Мета роботи – проаналізувати клінічний випадок шигельозу, ускладненого енцефаломієлітом у дитини віком 6 років.
Наведено опис клінічного випадку шигельозу, ускладненого енцефаломієлітом. Неврологічні порушення у вигляді лівобічного геміпарезу, дисфункції органів малого тазу виникли на 3-ю добу хвороби. При бактеріологічному дослідженні випорожнень виділено культуру S. sonnei.
Висновок. Наведений клінічний випадок ілюструє труднощі диференційної діагностики шигельозу з інфекційними хворобами, при яких клінічні прояви ураження нервової системи є закономірною складовою патологічного процесу.
Attenuation of Angiotensin II–Induced Hypertension in BubR1 Low‐Expression Mice Via Repression of Angiotensin II Receptor 1 Overexpression
Authors: Aoyagi Yukihiko , Furuyama Tadashi , Inoue Kentaro , Matsuda Daisuke , Matsubara Yutaka , Okahara Arihide , Ago Tetsuro , Nakashima Yutaka , Mori Masaki , Matsumoto Takuya 
Published: December 2019

Background

Angiotensin
II
(Ang
II
) can cause hypertension and tissue impairment via
AGTR
1 (Ang
II
receptor type 1), particularly in renal proximal tubule cells, and can cause
DNA
damage in renal cells via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase. BubR1 (budding uninhibited by benzimidazole‐related 1) is a multifaceted kinase that functions as a mitotic checkpoint. BubR1 expression can be induced by Ang
II
in smooth muscle cells in vitro, but the relationship between systemic BubR1 expression and the Ang
II
response is unclear.

Methods and Results

Twenty 24‐week‐old male BubR1 low‐expression mice (BubR1
L/L
mice) and age‐matched BubR1
+/+
mice were used in this study. We investigated how Ang
II
stimulation affects BubR1
L/L
mice. The elevated systolic blood pressure caused by Ang
II
stimulation in BubR1
+/+
mice was significantly attenuated in BubR1
L/L
mice. Additionally, an attenuated level of Ang
II
–induced perivascular fibrosis was observed in the kidneys of BubR1
L/L
mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the overexpression of
AGTR
1 induced by Ang
II
stimulation was repressed in BubR1
L/L
mice. We evaluated
AGTR
1 and Nox‐4 (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase‐4) levels to determine the role of BubR1 in the Ang
II
response. Results from in vitro assays of renal proximal tubule cells suggest that treatment with small interfering
RNA
targeting BubR1 suppressed Ang
II
‐induced overexpression of
AGTR
1. Similarly, the upregulation in Nox4 and Jun N‐terminal kinase induced by Ang
II
administration was repressed by treatment with small interfering
RNA
targeting BubR1.

Conclusions

Ang
II
–induced hypertension is caused by
AGTR
1 overexpression in the kidneys via the upregulation of BubR1 and Nox4.
Bursaphelenchus dietrichi sp. n. (Tylenchina: Aphelenchoididae) – a new species of the sexdentati-group from southern Europe
Authors: Gu Jianfeng , Fang Yiwu , Liu Lele , Braasch Helen , Hoppe Björn 
Published: November 2019

Summary
Based on earlier investigations, Bursaphelenchus sexdentati sensu lato consists of two distinct forms, a central European and a southern European type. In this paper we recognise these forms at species level and propose B. dietrichi sp. n. for the southern European type, regarding it as distinct from B. sexdentati sensu stricto. The relatively long (733-881 μm) and slender (a = 34.7-43.3) females of the new species have a small vulval flap, a long post-uterine sac extending for 46.6-75.3% of the vulva to anus distance, and a mostly conical tail with a more or less bluntly rounded terminus. The male spicules are strongly ventrally arcuate, measuring 13-17 μm along the arc, and have a bluntly pointed rostrum ca 2-3 μm long in the proximal part and a small cucullus at their distal end. The capitulum is slightly concave and the condylus is ca 2-3 μm long, truncated and slightly hooked. The oval bursa and the disposition of the male caudal papillae, as well as the presence of four lateral lines, justify the assignment of this taxon to the sexdentati-group. Bursaphelenchus dietrichi sp. n. can be distinguished from B. sexdentati s.s. and other related species by morphological characters and sequencing results. Bursaphelenchus sexdentati s.s. is also recorded from China for the first time.
<p><strong><em>Amylosporus annosus sp. nov.</em></strong><strong> (Wrightoporiaceae, Basidiomycota) from Southeast Asia</strong></p>
Authors: DU PING , WANG LI , CHEN QIAN , JI XIAO-HONG 
Published: November 2019

Amylosporus annosus sp. nov. sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Malaysia, tropical Asia. It is characterized by perennial, resupinate basidiocarps which are leathery when fresh, woody hard when dry, with white fresh pores which become cream to buff-yellow up on drying, distinct receding sterile margin, a dimitic hyphal structure with dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, generative hyphae bring simple septa only, basidia bearing eight sterigmata, and ellipsoid, fairly thick-walled, finely asperulate, strongly amyloid basidiospore measuring 3–3.7 × 2.4–3 μm. A molecular study based on the combined ITS (internal transcribed spacer region) and nLSU (the large nuclear ribosomal RNA subunit) dataset demonstrated the studied samples formed a new lineage in Amylosporus.
<p><strong>Two new species of <em>Phyllachora</em> (Phyllachoraceae, Phyllachorales) on<em> </em>bamboo from China</strong></p>
Authors: LI XIAO-LING , WU SU-RUI , WANG CHUN-LI , FENG YUN-LI , ZHAO CHUN-YAN , CHEN ZHENG-QI , YU JIN-FENG , LUO RUI , PROMPUTTHA ITTHAYAKORN , SUN DA-FENG 
Published: December 2019

The genus Phyllachora is the largest genus in the family Phyllachoraceae. Phyllachora species are obligate biotrophic fungi with a tropical distribution. During our field surveys in Yunnan province of China, fifteen graminicolous Phyllachora species were collected. Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of ITS and LSU together with morphological characteristics, two new species, Phyllachora dendrocalami-membranacei sp. nov. on Dendrocalamus membranaceus and P. dendrocalami-hamiltonii sp. nov. on D. hamiltonii are described and illustrated. Phyllachora dendrocalami-membranacei is characterized by its dump-bell to ellipsoidal to ovoid ascospores (15–25 × 5–11 μm) while P. dendrocalami-hamiltoniicola is distinguished by its dump-bell to ellipsoidal ascospores (15–30 × 8–12 μm).
Nonuniqueness in a Single-Column Model for Moist Convection
Authors: Turner M. R. , Norbury J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We investigate a moist atmospheric column convection model by considering the atmosphere as a single vertical column of air parcels, each of which contains water vapor. The moist convective adjustment of both air and water mass in the column is considered from an (unstable) initial state to a statically stable final configuration of parcels. Two variations of an algorithm based upon swapping neighboring parcels are compared: after swapping, no parcels remain supersaturated. The results of these algorithms are compared directly with those of the adjustment algorithm of Cheng et al., which adjusts an atmospheric column to achieve the global maximum of a relevant cost functional. Two examples are considered: in the first, the algorithms adjust to similar arrangements, showing that the global maximum of the functional is the dynamically preferred state, while in the second, the algorithms adjust to significantly different states. Thus, we identify a nonuniqueness to the solution to the adjustment problem in terms of local and global cost functional maximizers. We then discuss the relevance of this nonuniqueness to numerical prediction in weather and climate models.
GRACE Improves Seasonal Groundwater Forecast Initialization over the United States
Authors: Getirana Augusto , Rodell Matthew , Kumar Sujay , Beaudoing Hiroko Kato , Arsenault Kristi , Zaitchik Benjamin , Save Himanshu , Bettadpur Srinivas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe evaluate the impact of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment data assimilation (GRACE-DA) on seasonal hydrological forecast initialization over the United States, focusing on groundwater storage. GRACE-based terrestrial water storage (TWS) estimates are assimilated into a land surface model for the 2003–16 period. Three-month hindcast (i.e., forecast of past events) simulations are initialized using states from the reference (no data assimilation) and GRACE-DA runs. Differences between the two initial hydrological condition (IHC) sets are evaluated for two forecast techniques at 305 wells where depth to water table measurements are available. Results show that using GRACE-DA-based IHC improves seasonal groundwater forecast performance in terms of both RMSE and correlation. While most regions show improvement, degradation is common in the High Plains, where withdrawals for irrigation practices affect groundwater variability more strongly than the weather variability, which demonstrates the need for simulating such activities. These findings contribute to recent efforts toward an improved U.S. drought monitoring and forecast system.
Tests of Acoustic Target Strength and Bubble Dissolution Models Using a Synthetic Bubble Generator
Authors: Rychert Kevin M. , Weber Thomas C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo test methods used for converting observations of acoustic backscatter to estimates of the volume and transport of free gas escaping the seabed, a bubble generator has been constructed and used at sea. The bubble generator creates individual bubbles of the sizes commonly associated with methane seeps, 1–5-mm radii, which can be released at preplanned rates. The bubble generator was deployed off the coast of New Hampshire at a depth of 55 m, and acoustic backscatter between 16 and 24 kHz was collected from a shipboard echo sounder while transiting over the rising bubbles. Bubble sizes and compositions (either Ar or N2) were known at the source. A model for bubble evolution, accounting for changes in bubble size and composition due to hydrostatic pressure and gas diffusion across the gas–liquid boundary, was coupled with an acoustic target strength (TS) model to generate predictions of the acoustic backscatter from bubbles that had risen to different depths. These predictions were then compared with experimental observation. Good agreement between prediction and observation was found in most cases, with the exception of the largest (4 mm) gas bubbles at depths of 30 m or less. The exact cause of this bias is unknown, but may be due to incorrect assumptions in models for the bubble TS, rise velocity, or mass transfer rate.
Optimal North Pacific Blocking Precursors and Their Deterministic Subseasonal Evolution during Boreal Winter
Authors: Breeden Melissa L. , Hoover Brett T. , Newman Matthew , Vimont Daniel J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Atmospheric blocking is associated with sensible weather impacts such as anomalous precipitation and flooding, cold air outbreaks, and heat waves. Given the asymmetry in the persistence characteristics of anticyclones and cyclones, many studies have emphasized the role of nonlinearities in blocking onset and maintenance. However, previous studies have demonstrated that both linear and nonlinear dynamics can amplify blocks. In this paper the structure and evolution of North Pacific blocking on weekly time scales is investigated using two methods: statistical analysis not requiring linearity, and a linear inverse model (LIM) composed of tropical outgoing longwave radiation and extratropical streamfunction, which relies on purely linear (and linearly parameterized) dynamics. Both approaches produce a similar evolution of North Pacific blocking. Using the LIM, the optimal precursors to blocking are determined, which at a 14-day lead time include an upper-level east Pacific anticyclone and suppressed convection over the central tropical Pacific. The tropics and extratropics both contribute to the deterministic evolution of blocking, with the tropics acting on longer time scales but imposing a weaker response than that contributed by the extratropics. The tropical contribution was driven by La Niña–like conditions that produce a hemispheric anticyclonic anomaly, while the extratropical initial conditions produce an equivalent barotropic, wavelike pattern. The LIM’s ability to reproduce the observed blocking evolution suggests the predictable evolution of blocking on weekly time scales can be modeled in a linear framework, and that subseasonal forecasting of North Pacific blocking needs to consider both tropical and extratropical conditions.
Assessing unregulated electricity consumption in a case study university
Authors: Birch Christina , Edwards Rodger , Mander Sarah , Sheppard Andy 
Published: December 2019

Energy consumption in buildings varies considerably depending on type and usage. However, monitoring and regulation of electrical power consumption due to user-related activities are not presently embedded in current English Building Regulations. These energy uses include lifts, server rooms, and small power loads, and are collectively referred to as unregulated energy usage. As part of a larger study of unregulated energy usage in university campus buildings, this paper describes the development and demonstration of a methodology for quantifying unregulated power usage using Building Energy Management System data for a case study university. The methodology was applied to four different buildings. This approach was applied to a Chemical Laboratory, a Physical Science Laboratory, a Library and an Administration Office. The results obtained revealed that electrical consumption was consistently much higher than traditional benchmarks suggest as being normal, particularly within the laboratories. Additionally, within the specific unregulated electricity case study, four rooms in the Physical Science Laboratory indicated very high unregulated electricity usage figures, averaging at 89 kWhm−2 per annum across just four rooms. Practical application: Unregulated energy research, within the Higher Education Sector, is undeveloped. Previous literature focuses on specific areas of unregulated energy, such as equipment usage. However, analysis based on different room types has not been completed on a wider scale. Hence, there is a gap in the current research. This research shows analysis of unregulated energy in different university buildings. It develops a methodology to further understanding on this undeveloped area. Additionally, it advises that unregulated energy must be calculated during a building’s design stage. By using a selection of case studies, this research furthers understanding on the overall effects of unregulated energy.