bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrological, geochronological, and geochemical potential accounting for continental subduction and exhumation: A case study of felsic granulites from South Altyn Tagh, northwestern China
Authors: Li Yunshuai , Zhang Jianxin , Yu Shengyao , Li Yanguang , Guo Hu , Zhang Jian , Fu Changlei , Cao Hui , Jin Mengqi , Cai Zhihui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDeciphering the formation and geodynamic evolution of high-pressure (HP) granulites in a collisional orogeny can provide crucial constraints on the geodynamic evolution of subduction-exhumation. To fully exploit the geodynamic potential of metamorphic rocks, it is necessary to constrain the metamorphic ages, although it is difficult to link zircon and monazite ages to metamorphic evolution. A good case study for understanding these geodynamic processes is felsic granulites in the Bashiwake area, South Altyn Tagh. Petrographic observations suggest that the studied felsic granulites have suffered multi-stage metamorphism, and the distinct metamorphic events were documented by compositional zoning and high Y + heavy rare earth element (HREE) concentrations in the large garnet porphyroblast. Zircon U-Pb dating yielded two major age clusters: one age cluster at ca. 900 Ma represents the age of the protolith for the felsic granulite, and another age cluster at ca. 500 Ma represents the post-UHT (ultrahigh temperature) stage based on the rare earth element distribution coefficients between zircon and garnet. Meanwhile, in situ monazites U-Pb dating yielded a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 482 ± 3.5 Ma, and the monazite U-Pb age was interpreted to be in agreement with the metamorphic zircon rims data, which together with zircon recorded the cooling time after the UHT stage. Whole-rock major and trace elements as well as Sr-Nd isotopes suggest that the protolith of the felsic granulite derived from partial melting of ancient crustal materials with the addition of mantle materials. Integrating these results along with previous studies, we propose that the felsic granulites metamorphosed from the Neoproterozoic granitic rocks, and the granitic rocks with associated mafic-ultramafic rocks suffered a common high-pressure–ultrahigh temperature (HP-UHT) metamorphism and subsequent granulite-facies metamorphism. A tentative model of subduction-relamination was proposed for the geodynamic evolution of the Bashiwake unit, South Altyn Tagh.
Growth of health literacy research activity in three Middle Eastern countries
Authors: Bazm Soheila , Bazm Reihaneh , Sardari Farzaneh 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundHealth literacy is defined as the capacity to obtain, interpret and understand basic health information. In each country, the count of published literature is a good indicator for scientific activity. This study aimed to assess the growth rate of scientific production in the field of health literacy in Middle Eastern countries during 2005–2014.MethodsWe used the PubMed database and retrieved 839 papers in the field of health literacy from three productive countries in the Middle East: Iran, Saudi Arabia and Turkey. We applied the bibliometric indicator of Price’s Law to assess the increase of scientific literature. The correlation between bibliometric data and some health indicators such as gross domestic product and population was calculated.ResultsWorldwide research productivity in health literacy field was 56 653 documents while that from Middle Eastern countries were 839 papers. Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia were three productive countries in Middle East. Iran and Saudi Arabia have undergone exponential growth, but Turkey has undergone linear growth over the studied period.ConclusionsIn conclusion, although the present data show promising increase and good start in research productivity from countries in Middle East, they have a trivial sharing in publishing scientific papers in the field of health literacy through 2005–2014.
An intervention study to assess potential effect and user experience of an mHealth intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour among older office workers
Authors: Boerema Simone , van Velsen Lex , Hermens Hermie 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundOffice workers spend a high percentage of their time sitting, often in long periods of time. Research suggests that it is healthier to break these long bouts into shorter periods by being physically active.ObjectiveWe evaluated the effect of a context-aware activity coach, called the PEARL app, an mHealth intervention that provides activity suggestions, based on a physical activity prediction model, consisting of past and current physical activity and digital agendas.MethodFifteen office workers, aged 50+, participated in an intervention study in which they used the intervention for 1 week, preceded by a 1-week baseline period. Measurements were taken before and after the intervention period.Results107 days of data from 14 participants were analysed. Total sedentary time was not reduced as a result of using the intervention (baseline vs intervention: 47.8±3.6 vs 46.8±3.0, n.s.). When using the intervention, participants reduced their total time spent in long sitting bouts (≥45 min) from 19.3 to 14.4 min per hour of wear time (p<0.05). Participants indicated that the main value of the intervention lies in creating awareness about their personal sedentary behaviour pattern.ConclusionAn mHealth service has the potential to improve the sedentary behaviour of older office workers, especially for breaking up long sedentary periods. Focusing on total sedentary time as an outcome of an intervention, aimed at reducing sedentary behaviour, is too simplistic. One should take into account both the duration and the number of bouts when determining the effect.
Availability and usage of clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) in office-based primary care settings in the USA
Authors: Jing Xia , Himawan Lina , Law Timothy 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundA clinical decision support system (CDSS) covers a broad spectrum of applications, for example, screening reminders, can reduce malpractice, improve preventive services and enable better management of chronic conditions. CDSSs have traditionally been used successfully in large hospitals. The availability (ie, whether the function is provided by the software) and usage (ie, actual use) of a CDSS in office-based primary care settings, however, are less well studied.ObjectiveTo establish a benchmark of CDSS availability and usage in office-based primary care settings, particularly given the large volume of visits in such settings.MethodsWe used the 2015 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey to conduct secondary data analysis. We selected preventive services reminders and drug interaction alerts, along with several other variables as examples of a CDSS.ResultsCDSS usage rates ranged from 68.5% to 100% among solo or non-solo primary care practices owned by physicians or physician groups that have electronic medical records (EMRs)/electronic health records (EHRs) and 44.7% to 96.1%, regardless of EMR/EHR status. According to proportion tests, solo practices had significantly lower CDSS usage and availability rates on several measures if the practice is entirely EMR/EHR based and significantly lower (16.3%–28.9%) CDSS usage rates than did non-solo practiceson each measure, regardless of EMR/EHR status.ConclusionIn the USA, a CDSS, especially under the categories of basic preventive reminders and drug interaction alerts, is used routinely between 68% and 100% in primary care if a practice is entirely EMR/EHR based. More work is needed, however, to determine the reasons for large usage gaps between solo and non-solo practices and to reduce such gaps.
Phishing in healthcare organisations: threats, mitigation and approaches
Authors: Priestman Ward , Anstis Tony , Sebire Isabel G , Sridharan Shankar , Sebire Neil J 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionHealthcare data have significant value as a potential target for hackers. Phishing is a method of exploitation for malicious reasons using targeted communications (email/messaging). This study reports on an internal evaluation targeting hospital staff and summarises peer-reviewed literature regarding phishing and healthcare.MethodsAn assessment was performed as part of cybersecurity activity during a designated test period using multiple credential harvesting approaches through staff email. We also searched the medical-related literature to identify relevant phishing-related publications.ResultsDuring the 1-month testing period, the organisation received 858 200 emails: 139 400 (16%) marketing, 18 871 (2%) identified as potential threats. Of 143 million internet transactions, around 5 million (3%) were suspected threats. 468 employee email addresses were identified from public data and targeted through phishing using a range of payloads including attachments and malicious links; however, no credentials were recovered or malicious files downloaded. Several hospital employees were, however, identified on social media profiles, including some tricked into accepting false friend requests.DiscussionHealthcare organisations are increasingly moving to digital systems, but healthcare professionals have limited awareness of threats. Increasing emphasis on ‘cyberhygiene’ and information governance through mandatory training increases understanding of these risks. While no credentials were harvested in this study, since up to 5% of emails/internet traffic are suspicious, the need for robust firewalls, cybersecurity infrastructure, IT policies and, most importantly of all, staff training, is emphasised.ConclusionHospitals receive a significant volume of potentially malicious emails. While many staff appear to be aware of phishing and respond appropriately, ongoing education is required across the spectrum of cybersecurity, with specific emphasis around ‘leakage’ of information on social media.
Combined effect of pill refilling and self-medication reminder system on patients’ adherence to tuberculosis treatment during continuation phase in Northwest Ethiopia: a study protocol for randomised controlled trial
Authors: Gashu Kassahun Dessie , Gelaye Kassahun Alemu , Lester Richard , Tilahun Binyam 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionPatients’ failure to adhere on tuberculosis (TB) treatment leads to drug resistance, relapse and death. Non-adherence to TB treatment is higher during continuation treatment phase. The study aimed to evaluate effectiveness of combined pill refilling and medication reminders on adherence to TB treatment.Methods and analysisA two-arm randomised controlled trial on adult patients with TB was used during continuation treatment phase. In the first arm, in addition to usual care, participants will receive cellphone-based daily medication and weekly pill refilling reminders. In the control arm, participants will receive only usual care. The study will use a covariate adaptive randomisation technique to balance covariates during allocation. The primary outcome is patients’ adherence to TB treatment and secondary outcomes are attendance to clinic and treatment outcomes. We apply intention to treat with generalised linear mixed model.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from Institutional Review Board of University of Gondar. Written informed consent was applied during enrolment. We will publish findings in peer-reviewed, scientific journals and conferences.Trial registration numberPACTR201901552202539.
Developing and sustaining digital professionalism: a model for assessing readiness of healthcare environments and capability of nurses
Authors: Mather Carey Ann , Cummings Elizabeth 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionTechnological change in healthcare demands new ways of working. Access to, and use of, digital technology by nurses in Australia lags behind other professions. Governance frameworks and professional standards guide scopes of practice; however, there is an urgent need for current registered nurses to master using digital technology and model digital professionalism to the next generation. Sustaining digital professionalism requires organisational readiness to accommodate changing technological environments.MethodsPrevious original research findings investigating the nature and scope of digital technology use by nurses were systematically analysed. With reference to current understandings of capability, a matrix for assessing organisational readiness of capability of digital technology use by nurses was developed.ResultsThe 4E3P digital professionalism model articulates the elements necessary for establishing organisational readiness and assessing the capability development of individuals and groups. When the physical and social environment is conducive and the 4E elements of equipment, electronic access, engagement and education are present, preparedness, proficiency and professional behaviours can be nurtured and supported.DiscussionThe model describes the physical and social attributes that enable capability development for sustaining digital professionalism to advance nursing practice. When elements of the matrix are lacking, both individuals and groups miss opportunities to develop and sustain digitally professional behaviour.ConclusionIt is imperative that healthcare environments in Australia support the development of digital professionalism. Deployment of the 4E3P digital professionalism model will enable identification and remediation of challenges, barriers or risks to promote sustainability found within physical and social healthcare environments.
mHealth and big-data integration: promises for healthcare system in India
Authors: Madanian Samaneh , Parry Dave T , Airehrour David , Cherrington Marianne 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThe use of mobile devices in health (mobile health/mHealth) coupled with related technologies promises to transform global health delivery by creating new delivery models that can be integrated with existing health services. These delivery models could facilitate healthcare delivery into rural areas where there is limited access to high-quality access care. Mobile technologies, Internet of Things and 5G connectivity may hold the key to supporting increased velocity, variety and volume of healthcare data.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to identify and analyse challenges related to the current status of India’s healthcare system—with a specific focus on mHealth and big-data analytics technologies. To address these challenges, a framework is proposed for integrating the generated mHealth big-data and applying the results in India's healthcare.MethodA critical review was conducted using electronic sources between December 2018 and February 2019, limited to English language articles and reports published from 2010 onwards.Main outcomeThis paper describes trending relationships in mHealth with big-data as well as the accessibility of national opportunities when specific barriers and constraints are overcome. The paper concentrates on the healthcare delivery problems faced by rural and low-income communities in India to illustrate more general aspects and identify key issues. A model is proposed that utilises generated data from mHealth devices for big-data analysis that could result in providing insights into the India population health status. The insights could be important for public health planning by the government towards reaching the Universal Health Coverage.ConclusionBiomedical, behavioural and lifestyle data from individuals may enable customised and improved healthcare services to be delivered. The analysis of data from mHealth devices can reveal new knowledge to effectively and efficiently support national healthcare demands in less developed nations, without fully accessible healthcare systems.
Reliability of administrative data to identify sexually transmitted infections for population health: a systematic review
Authors: Dixon Brian E , Rahurkar Saurabh , Ho Yenling , Arno Janet N 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionInternational Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes in administrative health data are used to identify cases of disease, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs), for population health research. The purpose of this review is to examine the extant literature on the reliability of ICD codes to correctly identify STIs.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of empirical articles in which ICD codes were validated with respect to their ability to identify cases of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Articles that included sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of ICD codes were the target. In addition to keyword searches in PubMed and Scopus databases, we further examined bibliographies of articles selected for full review to maximise yield.ResultsFrom a total of 1779 articles identified, only two studies measured the reliability of ICD codes to identify cases of STIs. Both articles targeted PID, a serious complication of chlamydia and gonorrhoea. Neither article directly assessed the validity of ICD codes to identify cases of chlamydia, gonorrhoea or syphilis independent of PID. Using ICD codes alone, the positive predictive value for PID was mixed (range: 18%–79%).Discussion and conclusionWhile existing studies have used ICD codes to identify STI cases, their reliability is unclear. Further, available evidence from studies of PID suggests potentially large variation in the accuracy of ICD codes indicating the need for primary studies to evaluate ICD codes for use in STI-related public health research.
Patient and carer survey of remote vital sign telemonitoring for self-management of long-term conditions
Authors: Walkden Julie-Ann , McCullagh Paul Joseph , Kernohan W George 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundHome-based self-monitoring has failed to show intended savings to healthcare budgets yet it continues to emerge and gain popularity.ObjectiveWe set out to verify stakeholders’ perspectives of remote vital sign telemonitoring.DesignAn observational design was adopted by devising a survey for distribution to service users and their informal carers.SampleService users in South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust were included. A total of 274 questionnaires were issued. Data from 97 patients (35% response rate) and 49 carers were analysed. Of these, 81 patients and 48 of their carers experienced a monitoring service known as TF3 and 16 patients and 1 carer experienced a service known as U-Tell. The cohorts comprised people living with a number of long-term conditions: diabetes, hypertension after stroke, chronic heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, bronchiectasis and those requiring anticoagulation using warfarin.ResultsAnalysis showed that respondents were supportive of the technology with 90.7% of patients agreeing or strongly agreeing with the statement:the remote monitoring system assisted me in managing my health on a day-to-day basis. The patients liked the technology largely because it provided empowerment and control for self-management and allowed them to continue with their lives without major disruption. These views were independent of the technology used and not associated with the patient’s long-term conditions, gender or age. There were no reported adverse incidents.ConclusionAs self-monitoring becomes more relevant to healthcare delivery, the technology will be accepted by many in the population with long-term conditions.
Physician leadership and health information exchange: literature review
Authors: Heath Michele L , Porter Tracy H 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundNotwithstanding two decades of health information exchange (HIE) failures across the country, the US government has incorporated HIE into Meaningful Use Stage 2, which, in turn, has sparked renewed physicians’ interest in HIE.ObjectiveThe purpose of this paper was to conduct a literature review to understand how physician leadership might have assisted in supporting organisations in achieving HIE collaboration.MethodThe authors conducted a review of the literature about HIE and physician challenges from 2009 to present to identify peer-reviewed publications which might apply. Reviewers abstracted each publication for predetermined issues related to physician leadership. Themes were identified based on the literature findings.ResultsThe literature review demonstrated four important themes (physician leader characteristics) that can assist in bridging the gap and creating collaboration in an HIE. The themes found in this study were: trust among physicians, promote involvement and buy-in, infuse value proposition and competition.ConclusionThis paper contributes to the healthcare literature by conducting a literature review of the existing literature of surrounding HIE implementation and physician leaders. Specifically, we sought to gain insight into the change process and how physician leaders have demonstrated an impact on the process. This research is the first of its kind to synthesise leadership issues related to HIE and specifically explore the role of physician leader impact on HIE.
Evaluating a post-implementation electronic medical record training intervention for diabetes management in primary care
Authors: Randhawa Gurprit Kaur , Shachak Aviv , Courtney Karen L , Kushniruk Andre 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThis study evaluated the potential for electronic medical record (EMR) video tutorials to improve diabetes (type 1 and 2) care processes by primary care physicians (PCP) using OSCAR EMR.DesignA QUAN(qual) mixed methods approach with an embedded design was used for the overall research study. EMR video tutorials were developed based on the chronic care model (CCM), value-adding EMR use, best practice guidelines for designing software video tutorials and clinician-led EMR training.ResultsIn total, 18 PCPs from British Columbia, Canada, participated in the study. The video EMR intervention elicited a statistically significant increase in EMR advanced feature use for diabetes care, with a large effect size (ie,F(1,51)=6.808, p<0.001, partial η2=0.286).ConclusionThis small-scale efficacy study demonstrates the potential of CCM-based EMR video tutorials to improve EMR use for chronic diseases, such as diabetes. A larger-scale effectiveness study with a control group is needed to further validate the study findings and determine their generalisability. The demonstrated efficacy of the intervention suggests that EMR video tutorials may be a cost-effective, sustainable and scalable strategy for supporting EMR optimisation and the continuous learning and development of PCPs. Health informatics practitioners may develop video tutorials for their respective EMR/electronic health record software based on theory and best practices for video tutorial design. For patients, EMR video tutorials may lead to improved tracking of processes of care for diabetes, and potentially other chronic conditions.