bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consecutive Observation of Dynamic Metastases of Human Ovarian Carcinoma to Grading Lymph Nodes in Mouse Model
Authors: Du Licheng , Kong Fenghua , Yang Qing , Li Yaqiong , Ding Peikai , Yu Guoxiang , Yao Yiping , Zhao Yueran , Tian Xingsong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background：Lymphogenous metastasis, one of the most common dissemination routes for ovarian carcinoma, predicts a poor prognosis and relates to most cancer-related death. Now there were no effective therapy and control methods for ovarian carcinoma. Hence, it is necessary to build an animal model of lymph node metastasis in ovarian cancer to seek for the tools to find effective treatments. Our purpose of this study was to investigate the tumor cell dissemination of ovarian carcinoma to the gradient lymph nodes of nude mice and its possible mechanism.Methods: The mice models of VEGF-D over-expressed were built, and the tumor growth and sentinel lymph nodes were evaluated weekly, while the visible lymph nodes and tumor masses were excised for histological examination using HE examination. Then Evan’s Blue was conducted to observe the unveil lymphatic network. Subsequently, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to check the protein expression of relative genes. Meanwhile, microvessel counting was performed within the tumor tissues and measured using computer assisted morphometric analysis.Results: The over-expression of VEGF-D promoted the tumor growth of ovarian carcinoma, facilitated the hyperplasia of tumor lymphatic and increased the intratumoral lymphatic vessel density. Besides, the up-regulation of VEGF-D induced the expression of MMP-2, which might be the underlying mechanism of the lymph metastasis in ovarian cancer.Conclusion: It was a step-by-step progression from the inoculation of cancer cells to the proliferation of the primary tumors, and then to the lymphatic metastases, in which VEGF-D and MMP-2 played vital roles.
Tannic acid-modified silver nanoparticles enhance anti-Acanthamoeba activity without increasing cytotoxicity of three multipurpose contact lens solutions
Authors: Hendiger Edyta Beata , Padzik Marcin , Żochowska Agnieszka , Baltaza Wanda , Olędzka Gabriela , Zyskowska Diana , Bluszcz Julita , Jarzynka Sylwia , Chomicz Lidia , Grodzik Marta , Hendiger Jacek , Piñero Jose E. , Grobelny Jarosław , Ranoszek-Soliwoda Katarzyna , Lorenzo-Morales Jacob 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Free living amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba are cosmopolitan, widely distributed protozoans causing a severe, vision-threatening corneal infection known as Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). The majority of the increasing number of AK cases are associated with contact lenses use. Appropriate eye hygiene and effective contact lenses disinfection are crucial in prevention of this infection because of the lack of effective therapies against AK. Currently available multipurpose contact lens disinfection systems are not fully effective against Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts. There is an urgent need to increase the disinfecting activity of these systems to prevent Acanthamoeba keratitis infections. Synthesized nanoparticles have been recently studied and proposed as a new generation of anti-microbial agents. It is also known that plant metabolites, including tannins, present anti-parasitic activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-amoebic activity and cytotoxicity of the tannic acid-modified silver nanoparticles (AgTANPs) conjugated with the selected multipurpose contact lens solutions.Methods: The anti-amoebic activity of pure contact lens care solutions and nanoparticles conjugated with contact lens care solutions were examined in vitro by a colorimetric assay, based on the oxido-reduction of AlamarBlue. The cytotoxicity assays were performed using a fibroblast HS-5 (ATCC CRL-11882) cell line. The results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls tests using the p<0.05 level of a statistical significance.Results: We show that nanoparticles enhanced anti-Acanthamoeba activity of the tested contact lens solutions without increasing their cytotoxicity profile. The activity is enhanced within the minimal disinfection time recommended by the manufacturer.Conclusions: The conjugation of the selected contact lens solutions with AgTANPs might be a novel and promising approach as a part of preventive actions of Acanthamoeba keratitis infections among contact lens users.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio has limited predictive value for determining outcomes in perforated colon cancer: a retrospective study.
Authors: Wu Chunyi , Chiang Jy-Ming , You Jeng-Fu , Tang Reiping , Chen Jinn-Shiun , Yeh Chien-Yuh , Hsieh Pao-Shiu , Tsai Wen-Sy , Hung Hsin-Yuan , Chiang Sum-Fu , Lai Cheng-Chou 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a significant prognostic marker in resectable colorectal cancer; however, there are no equivalent findings for perforated colon cancer. Using our colorectal cancer database, we retrospectively analyzed the data from 1995 to 2015 to determine whether the preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with survival outcomes in patients with perforated colon cancer.Methods: One-to-one propensity score matching was applied to minimize the difference between the high (>5) and low (≤5) neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio groups. Clinicopathological factors, long-term overall survival, and disease-free survival were analyzed and compared between the two groups. The primary outcomes were overall survival and disease-free survival.Results: Before propensity score matching, the high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio group had a significantly higher prevalence of leukocytosis (low vs. high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio groups: 12 [12.9%] vs. 46 [59.7%], p<0.001), lower serum albumin levels (low vs. high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio groups: 30 [32.3%] vs. 42 [54.5%], p=0.003), and a higher emergent operation rate (low vs. high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio groups: 5 [5.4%] vs. 20 [26.0%], p<0.001). After one-to-one propensity score matching, the groups comprised 41 patients each; none of the parameters were significantly different between the two groups. The mean follow-up period was 76.3 months. The 5-year overall survival (p=0.637) and disease-free survival (p=0.827) rates were not significantly different between the high and low neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio groups.Conclusions: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio has limited predictive value for determining outcomes in patients with perforated colon cancer.
Evaluation of the Relationship Between NIRS (Near-Infrared Spectroscopy) and Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurement in Children with Increased Intracranial Pressure: A Pilot Study
Authors: Arslan Didar , Yildizdas Dinçer , HOROZ Özden ÖZGÜR , Aslan Nagehan , İNCECİK Faruk 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The increased intracranial pressure (ICP) syndrome may emerge depending on many different neurological factors and the early diagnosis and treatment are important for the prevention of neurologic damage and related mortality. In recent years, the follow-up of increased ICP with non-invasive methods has been increasing. In this study, our objective was to determine the significance of ONSD (Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter) and NIRS (Near-Infrared Spectroscopy) in children with increased ICP and any possible correlation between ONSD and NIRS. Methods: Patients who were hospitalized in our pediatric ICU at Çukurova University Medical Faculty between June 2018 and June 2019 due to the suspicion of increased ICP were included in this study. The demographic characteristics of patients, diagnosis at admission, results of the cranial CT and MRI examinations, and results of the simultaneous ONSD and NIRS measurements were recorded. Results: A total of 36 patients were included in our study. With respect to the diagnosis, non-traumatic causes were at the forefront in 30 patients (83.3%), and the most common causes were meningoencephalitis (n=9; 25%) and non-traumatic bleeding (n=7; 19.4%). Six of the patients were under the age of one year (16.7%), and the mean values of ONSD and NIRS were 4.8±0.7 mm and 71.1±12.4% respectively in this group. Fourteen patients were in the one to ten year age group and the mean values of ONSD and NIRS were 6.1±0.6 mm and 72.7±9.3% respectively. Sixteen patients were over ten years of age (44.4%), and the mean values of ONSD and NIRS were 5.6±0.7 mm and 74.2±16% respectively. There was no correlation between the ONSD and NIRS values (r:0.3; p=0.07).Conclusion: Our study showed that ONSD measurements were helpful in children with increased ICP and reflected the increase in ICP. However, our study also demonstrated that ONSD was not in correlation with the NIRS monitoring. We believe that there is a need for further studies focused on the use of ONSD and NIRS in the monitoring of increased ICP.
Glycopyrrolate for Drooling in Children with Medical Complexity Under Three Years of Age
Authors: Lovardi Eleonora , De Ioris Maria Antonietta , Lettori Donatella , Geremia Caterina , Staccioli Susanna , Bella Gessica Della , Scrocca Raffaella , Scarselli Alessia , Aversa Marcella , De Peppo Francesco , Campana Andrea , Castelli Enrico 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of the study is to determine that Glycopirrolate is safe and effective in decreasing drooling in children with medical complexity under three years of age. Medical treatment is based on anticholinergic drugs as transdermal scopolamine, benzotropine and GLY. GLY (Glycopyrronium bromide) is a synthetic quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent with poor blood–brain barrier penetration and consequently has limited central effects. Actually, the oral GLY formulation was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat drooling in children aged 3-16 years. Five studies reported on GLY use for the treatment of drooling in children with cerebral palsy and other conditions with neurological impairment; four are prospective studies while one a retrospective review. Methods: this is a case report of eighteen children (sex ratio 11/8, median age 17 months, range 2-36 months) under three years of age, followed by a multidisciplinary team at the Bambino Gesù Children Hospital. The median follow-up was of 31.5 months (range 1-69 months). Response to treatment was assessed according to the Drooling Impact Scale administered at time 0 and after 1 month. All patients have an important neurological impairment: nine patients have a cerebral palsy (Gross Motor Function Classification System class V) and nine a genetic/malformative syndrome. Twelve patients have a tracheostomy and two need mechanical ventilation. Gastrostomy is present in 16 out of 18 patients. All patients received Glycopirrolate. The median starting daily dose was 0.065 mg/kg/die (range 0.02-0.21 mg/kg/die) three times a day. The drooling impact scale was administered at time O and after 1 month. Results: Four out 18 patients stopped treatment for adverse event, lack of efficacy or parental decision. The mean Drooling Impact Scale at time 0 was 89 (range 81-100) and after one month 61(range 43-78); the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001). The overall response to treatment was 94%. Conclusions: This is the first study to determine the safety and effectiveness of Glycopyrrolate in decreasing drooling in a specific subset of patients. No major side effects were observed. Further comparative studies are needed to confirm our results.
Scintigraphic Tracking of 99mTechnetium Labelled Equine Peripheral Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells After Intravenous, Intramuscular and Subcutaneous Injection in Healthy Dogs.
Authors: Beerts Charlotte , Brondeel Carlien , Pauwelyn Glenn , Depuydt Eva , Tack Liesa , Duchateau Luc , Xu Yangfeng , Saunders Jimmy H. , Peremans Kathelijne , Spaas Jan H. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cell treatments in dogs have been investigated as a potential innovative alternative to current conventional therapies for a variety of conditions. So far, the precise mode of action of the MSCs has yet to be determined. The aim of this study was to gain more insights in the pharmacokinetics of MSCs by evaluating their biodistribution in healthy dogs after different injection routes.Methods: Three different studies were performed in healthy dogs to evaluate the biodistribution of radiolabelled equine peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells following intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration in comparison with free 99mTechnetium. The labelling of the equine peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells was performed using stannous chloride as reducing agent. Whole body scans were obtained using a gamma camera during a 24h follow-up.Results: The labelling efficiency ranged between 59.58 and 83.82%. Free 99mTechnetium accumulation was predominantly observed in stomach, thyroid, bladder and salivary glands while, following intravenous injection, the 99mTechnetium labelled equine peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells majorly accumulated in the liver throughout the follow-up period. After intramuscular and subcutaneous injection, the injected dose percentage remained very high at the injection site.Conclusions: A distinct difference was noted in biodistribution of the radiolabelled equine peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells compared to free 99mTechnetium indicating equine peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells have a specific pharmacokinetic pattern after systemic administration in healthy dogs. Furthermore, the natural biodistribution pattern of the used equine peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells appeared to be different to previously reported experiments using different sources of mesenchymal stem cells.
Field effect transistor to enable registration of reaction energy pathways
Authors: Kuznetsov Alexander E. , Andrianova Mariia S. , Kuznetsov Evgeniy V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Each chemical reaction has its own energy profile that represents the energy changes during the transformation of reactants into products. Together with other sources, it provides information about the reaction mechanism. Here, we show how a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)–compatible field effect transistor can be used to register an energy pathway of a chemical reaction. As a proof of concept we record an energy profiles (energy changes vs. reaction coordinate) of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase. This approach can be potentially extended to study other enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions.
Clara Cell 10-kDa Protein is a Sensitive Biomarker to Identify Th2 Subtype Inflammatory Phenotypes of Asthma
Authors: Wang Meijia , Tang Kun , Gao Pengfei , Lu Yanjiao , Wang Shanshan , Zhao Jianping , Xie Jungang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Clara cell 10-kDa protein (CC10) is one of the most abundant proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluis and has been described as a biomarker for airway obstructive diseases. CC10 possesses the properties of suppression Th2 cell differentiation and Th2 cytokine production. In this study, we aimed to determine whether CC10 can be a sensitive biomarker to identify Th2 phenotypes of asthma.Methods: Adults with asthma (n = 50) were categorized as Th2-high asthma or Th2-low asthma according to serum IgE, blood eosinophils and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Patients were classified as Th2-high asthma when two or more biomarkers (high IgE ≥ 100 IU/mL, high Eos ≥ 300/µL, or high FeNO ≥ 30 ppb) were elevated, and classified as Th2-low asthma when one or no biomarker was elevated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess the CC10 and periostin levels in plasma. All participants underwent sputum induction, and different types of inflammatory cells were counted.Results: The plasma CC10 levels from patients with Th2-low asthma were higher than patients with Th2-high asthma（P<0.001. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed a sensitivity of 0.73 and specificity of 0.74 for plasma CC10 of 19.76 ng/ml to distinguish asthmatic patents with Th2-high phenotype or Th2-low phenotype. Correlation analysis indicated that the plasma CC10 levels were inversely correlated with plasma periostin, sputum eosinophil and negative logPD20 (p＜0.05), however positively correlated with sputum neutrophil percentages and FEV1 % predictions (p＜0.05). Conclusions: The plasma CC10 was potentially useful in predicting Th2-high and Th2-low phenotypes in patients with asthma. Lower plasma CC10 was associated with enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness, Th2-high inflammation and subsequent airflow limitation.
The Dysbiosis of Ovine Foot Microbiome During the Development and Treatment of Contagious Ovine Digital Dermatitis
Authors: Duncan Jennifer S , Angell Joseph W , Richards Peter , Lenzi Luca , Staton Gareth J , Grove-White David , Clegg Simon , Oikonomou Georgios , Carter Stuart , Evans Nicholas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Contagious Ovine Digital Dermatitis (CODD) is an emerging and common infectious foot disease of sheep which causes severe welfare and economic problems for the sheep industry. The aetiology of the disease is not fully understood and control of the disease is problematic. The aim of this study was to investigate the polybacterial aetiopathogenesis of CODD and the effects of antibiotic treatment, in a longitudinal study of an experimentally induced disease outbreak using a 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing approach.Results: CODD was induced in 15/30 experimental sheep. During the development of CODD three distinct phenotypic lesion stages were observed. These were an initial interdigital dermatitis (ID) lesion, followed by a footrot (FR) lesion, then finally a CODD lesion. Distinct microbiota were observed for each lesion in terms of microbial diversity, clustering and composition. Porphyromonadaceae, Familiy XI, Veillonellaceae and Fusobacteriaceae were significantly associated with the diseased feet. Veillonellaceae and Fusobacteriaceae were most associated with the earlier stages of ID and footrot rather than CODD. Following antibiotic treatment of the sheep, the foot microbiota showed a strong tendency to return to the composition of the healthy state. The microbiota composition of CODD lesions collected by swab and biopsy methods were different. In particular, the Spirochaetaceae family were more abundant in samples collected by the biopsy method, suggesting that these bacteria are present in deeper tissues of the diseased foot. Conclusion: In this study, CODD presented as part of a spectrum of poly-bacterial foot disease strongly associated with bacterial families Porphyromonadaceae, Family XI (a family in Clostridiales also known as Clostridium cluster XI), Veillonellaceae and Fusobacteriaceae which are predominately Gram-negative anaerobes. Following antibiotic treatment, the microbiome showed a strong tendency to return to the composition of the healthy state. The composition of the healthy foot microbiome does not influence susceptibility to CODD. Based on the data presented here and that CODD appears to be the severest end stage of sheep infectious foot disease lesions, better control of the initial ID and FR lesions would enable better control of CODD and enable better animal welfare.
GLP-1R Activation Ameliorate Novel-object Recognition Function via Hippocampal AMPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Neuropathic Pain Mice
Authors: Zhang Long-Qing , Zhang Wen , Li Ting , Yang Ting , Yuan Xiaoman , Zhou Yaqun , Zou Qian , Yang Hui , Gao Feng , Tian Yuke , Mei Wei , Tian Xue-Bi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Growing evidences indicate that neuropathic pain is frequently accompanied with cognitive impairments, which aggravate the decrease in the quality of life of chronic pain patients. Furthermore, it has been shown that the activation of Glucagon-like-peptide-1receptor (GLP-1R) improved memory deficit in multiple diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), stroke and so on. However, whether activating GLP-1R could improve memory impairment induced by neuropathic pain and the mechanism by which this improvement would occur remain unclear. Methods: The spared nerve injury (SNI) model was established as a kind of neuropathic pain. And novel-object recognition memory (hippocampus-dependent memory) was tested by the novel object recognition test (NORT).The expression levels of GLP-1,GLP-1R,adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK),p-AMPKThr172, nuclear factor κ B p65 (NF-κB p65), interleukin-1β p17(IL-1β p17),and the synaptic associated proteins were tested in the murine hippocampus with memory deficits caused by neuropathic pain. Then, exenatide acetate (Ex-4, a GLP-1R agonist), exendin(9-39)(Ex(9-39),a GLP-1R antagonist) and Compound C dihydrochloride ( CC, an AMPK inhibitor) were used to test the effects of activating GLP-1R in mice with neuropathic pain.Results: First, we uncovered that neuropathic pain could inhibit GLP-1/GLP-R axis, disturb inflammatory signaling pathway, increase the expression of IL-1β and downregulate the synaptic associated proteins (postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD95) and Arc). Subsequently, we reported that Ex-4 treatment could improve recognition memory impairment and increase the ratio of p-AMPKThr172/AMPK, decrease the expression of NF-κB p65 and IL-1β p17, upregulate the levels of PSD95 and Arc. Moreover, we uncovered that Ex(9-39) and CC treatment could abrogate the neuroprotection of Ex-4 in mice with memory impairment induced by neuropathic pain.Conclusions: The results indicated that the activation of GLP-1R could improve recognition memory impairment caused by neuropathic pain via activating AMPK signaling pathway, then, which could inhibit NF-κB activating and its downstream IL-1β expression, upregulate the levels of PSD95 and Arc proteins.
Detection of Antiretroviral treatment failure among adult HIV-1 patients on anti-retroviral therapy for 12 +/- 3 months attending different Voluntary Counseling Testing and treatment centers in Khartoum state, Sudan
Authors: Ibrahim Nafisa Ahmed , Enan Khalid A , Yagoup Mahdi Mustafa , Elhag Wafa Ibrahim 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: Small number of people on antiretroviral therapy and their virological status in Sudan is lacking. This study aimed to determine the viral load for adult HIV-1 patients who were on antiretroviral therapy for 12+/- 3 months attending different Voluntary Counseling Testing and treatment centers (VCT/ART) in Khartoum state, Sudan.Results: out of 112 adult HIV-1 patients included in this study, only 17.9% (20/112) showed unsuppressed viral load (treatment failure). The majority of them from Omdurman VCT/ART center 80% (16/20), followed by Khartoum VCT/ART center 15% (3/20), Bahri VCT/ART center 5% (1/20) and non from Elban Gadeid VCT/ART center. All of them were on the first line of treatment. Most of them 30% (6/20) on 39-48 years old age group, the majority of them 55%(11/20) on stage 3 WHO clinical staging.