bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the heterogeneity of NKT cells in the liver through single cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Shen Hao , Gu Chan , Liang Tao , Liu Haifeng , Guo Fan , Liu Xiaolong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCD1d-dependent type I NKT cells, which are activated by lipid antigen, are known to play important roles in innate and adaptive immunity, as are a portion of type II NKT cells. However, the heterogeneity of NKT cells, especially NKT-like cells, remains largely unknown. Here, we report the profiling of NKT (NK1.1+CD3e+) cells in livers from wild type (WT), Jα18-deficient and CD1d-deficient mice by single-cell RNA sequencing. Unbiased transcriptional clustering revealed distinct cell subsets. The transcriptomic profiles identified the well-known CD1d-dependent NKT cells and defined two CD1d-independent NKT cell subsets. In addition, validation of marker genes revealed the differential organ distribution and landscape of NKT cell subsets during liver tumor progression. More importantly, we found that CD1d-independent Sca-1−CD62L+NKT cells showed a strong ability to secrete IFN-γ after costimulation with IL-2, IL-12 and IL-18 in vitro. Collectively, our findings provide a comprehensive characterization of NKT cell heterogeneity and unveil a previously undefined functional NKT cell subset.
Measurements of Transmission Characteristics Related to Bone-Conducted Speech Using Excitation Signals in the Oral Cavity
Authors: Toya Teruki , Birkholz Peter , Unoki Masashi 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
Psychoacoustical studies on transmission characteristics related to bone-conducted (BC) speech, perceived by speakers during vocalization, are important for further understanding the relationship between speech production and perception, especially auditory feedback. For exploring how the outer ear part contributes to BC speech transmission, this article aims to measure the transmission characteristics of bone conduction focusing on the vibration of the regio temporalis (RT) and sound radiation in the ear canal (EC) due to the excitation in the oral cavity (OC).

Method
While an excitation signal was presented through a loudspeaker located in the enclosed cavity below the hard palate, transmitted signals were measured on the RT and in the EC. The transfer functions of the RT vibration and EC sound pressure relative to OC sound pressure were determined from the measured signals using the sweep-sine method.

Results
Our findings obtained from the measurements of five participants are as follows: (a) the transfer function of the RT vibration relative to the OC sound pressure attenuated the frequency components above 1 kHz and (b) the transfer function of the EC relative to the OC sound pressure emphasized the frequency components between 2 and 3 kHz.

Conclusions
The vibration of the soft tissue or the skull bone has an effect of low-pass filtering, whereas the sound radiation in the EC has an effect of 2–3 kHz bandpass filtering. Considering the perceptual effect of low-pass filtering in BC speech, our findings suggest that the transmission to the outer ear may not be a dominant contributor to BC speech perception during vocalization.
The Safety, Tolerability, and Impact of Respiratory–Swallow Coordination Training and Expiratory Muscle Strength Training on Pulmonary, Cough, and Swallow Function Surrogates in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Donohue Cara , Coyle James L. 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThis feasibility study examined the safety, tolerability, and impact of expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) combined with respiratory–swallow coordination training (RST) in comparison to EMST alone, and no treatment on pulmonary function, cough function, surrogates of swallow function, and diaphragm thickness in a pre–post small case series of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).MethodThis prospective, nonrandomized, delayed intervention case series consisted of six people with ALS: three patients assigned to EMST + RST, two patients assigned to EMST only, and one patient who received no intervention. Patients undergoing treatment underwent a 5-week no-treatment lead-in period before undergoing their respective 5 weeks of treatment with an optional maintenance period for an additional 5 weeks (n= 4). Primary outcome measures included pulmonary function measurements, scores on the Eating Assessment Tool-10 and Swallowing Related Quality of Life, and diaphragm thickness.ResultsDescriptive statistics were used to describe outcome measures and individual patient performance. Results revealed that EMST + RST was a safe and well-tolerated intervention, and that both respiratory interventions led to maintenance and improvement of some outcome measures in most patients within this small case series.ConclusionThis exploratory study provides preliminary support regarding the tolerability and efficacy of a combined respiratory intervention in a small case series of people with ALS.
Case study on the identification and classification of small-scale flow patterns in flaring active region
Authors: Philishvili E. , Shergelashvili B. M. , Buitendag S. , Raes J. , Poedts S. , Khodachenko M. L. 
Published: November 2020

Context. We propose a novel methodology to identity flows in the solar atmosphere and classify their velocities as either supersonic, subsonic, or sonic.
Aims. The proposed methodology consists of three parts. First, an algorithm is applied to the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) image data to locate and track flows, resulting in the trajectory of each flow over time. Thereafter, the differential emission measure inversion method is applied to six Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) channels along the trajectory of each flow in order to estimate its background temperature and sound speed. Finally, we classify each flow as supersonic, subsonic, or sonic by performing simultaneous hypothesis tests on whether the velocity bounds of the flow are larger, smaller, or equal to the background sound speed.
Methods. The proposed methodology was applied to the SDO image data from the 171 Å spectral line for the date 6 March 2012 from 12:22:00 to 12:35:00 and again for the date 9 March 2012 from 03:00:00 to 03:24:00. Eighteen plasma flows were detected, 11 of which were classified as supersonic, 3 as subsonic, and 3 as sonic at a 70% level of significance. Out of all these cases, 2 flows cannot be strictly ascribed to one of the respective categories as they change from the subsonic state to supersonic and vice versa. We labeled them as a subclass of transonic flows.
Results. The proposed methodology provides an automatic and scalable solution to identify small-scale flows and to classify their velocities as either supersonic, subsonic, or sonic. It can be used to characterize the physical properties of the solar atmosphere.
Conclusions. We identified and classified small-scale flow patterns in flaring loops. The results show that the flows can be classified into four classes: sub-, super-, trans-sonic, and sonic. The flows occur in the complex structure of the active region magnetic loops. The detected flows from AIA images can be analyzed in combination with the other high-resolution observational data, such as Hi-C 2.1 data, and be used for the development of theories describing the physical conditions responsible for the formation of flow patterns.
Multi-thermal atmosphere of a mini-solar flare during magnetic reconnection observed with IRIS
Authors: Joshi Reetika , Schmieder Brigitte , Tei Akiko , Aulanier Guillaume , Lörinčík Juraj , Chandra Ramesh , Heinzel Petr 
Published: November 2020

Context. The Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) with its high spatial and temporal resolution facilitates exceptional plasma diagnostics of solar chromospheric and coronal activity during magnetic reconnection.
Aims. The aim of this work is to study the fine structure and dynamics of the plasma at a jet base forming a mini-flare between two emerging magnetic fluxes (EMFs) observed with IRIS and the Solar Dynamics Observatory instruments.
Methods. We proceed to a spatio-temporal analysis of IRIS spectra observed in the spectral ranges of Mg II, C II, and Si IV ions. Doppler velocities from Mg II lines were computed using a cloud model technique.
Results. Strong asymmetric Mg II and C II line profiles with extended blue wings observed at the reconnection site (jet base) are interpreted by the presence of two chromospheric temperature clouds: one explosive cloud with blueshifts at 290 km s−1 and one cloud with smaller Doppler shift (around 36 km s−1). Simultaneously at the same location (jet base), strong emission of several transition region lines (e.g. O IV and Si IV), emission of the Mg II triplet lines, and absorption of identified chromospheric lines in Si IV broad profiles have been observed and analysed.
Conclusions. Such observations of IRIS line and continuum emissions allow us to propose a stratification model for the white light, mini-flare atmosphere with multiple layers of different temperatures along the line of sight in a reconnection current sheet. It is the first time that we could quantify the fast speed (possibly Alfvénic flows) of cool clouds ejected perpendicularly to the jet direction via the cloud model technique. We conjecture that the ejected clouds come from plasma which was trapped between the two EMFs before reconnection or be caused by chromospheric-temperature (cool) upflow material similar to a surge during reconnection.
Properties of the Hyades, the eclipsing binary HD 27130, and the oscillating red giant ϵ Tauri
Authors: Brogaard K. , Pakštienė E. , Grundahl F. , Mikolaitis Š. , Tautvaišienė G. , Slumstrup D. , Talens G. J. J. , VandenBerg D. A. , Miglio A. , Arentoft T. , Kjeldsen H. , Janulis R. , Drazdauskas A. , Marchini A. , Minkevičiūtė R. , Stonkutė E. , Bagdonas V. , Fredslund Andersen M. , Jessen-Hansen J. , Pallé P. L. , Dorval P. , Snellen I. A. G. , Otten G. P. P. L. , White T. R. 
Published: November 2020

Context. The derivation of accurate and precise masses and radii is possible for eclipsing binary stars, allowing for insights into their evolution. When residing in star clusters, they provide measurements of even greater precision, along with additional information on their properties. Asteroseismic investigations of solar-like oscillations offers similar possibilities for single stars.
Aims. We wish to improve the previously established properties of the Hyades eclipsing binary HD 27130 and re-assess the asteroseismic properties of the giant star ϵ Tau. The physical properties of these members of the Hyades can be used to constrain the helium content and age of the cluster.
Methods. New multi-colour light curves were combined with multi-epoch radial velocities to yield masses and radii of HD 27130. Measurements of Teff were derived from spectroscopy and photometry, and verified using the Gaia parallax. We estimated the cluster age from re-evaluated asteroseismic properties of ϵ Tau while using HD 27130 to constrain the helium content.
Results. The masses, radii, and Teff of HD 27130 were found to be M = 1.0245  ±  0.0024 M⊙, R = 0.9226  ±  0.015 R⊙, Teff = 5650  ±  50 K for the primary, and M = 0.7426  ±  0.0016 M⊙, R = 0.7388  ±  0.026 R⊙, Teff = 4300  ±  100 K for the secondary component. Our re-evaluation of ϵ Tau suggests that the previous literature estimates are trustworthy and that the HIPPARCOS parallax is more reliable than the Gaia DR2 parallax.
Conclusions. The helium content of HD 27130 and, thus, of the Hyades is found to be Y = 0.27 but with a significant model dependency. Correlations with the adopted metallicity result in a robust helium enrichment law, with ΔY/ΔZ close to 1.2 We estimate the age of the Hyades to be 0.9 ± 0.1 (stat) ±0.1 (sys) Gyr, which is in slight tension with recent age estimates based on the cluster white dwarfs. The precision of the age estimate can be much improved via asteroseismic investigations of the other Hyades giants and by future improvements to the Gaia parallax for bright stars.
Discours rapporté et mimétique de l'émotion vécue : le cas des soignants en psychiatrie
Authors: Maritaud Louis 
Published: November 2020

L’évolution du système de soin, tournée vers de nouveaux modes de coopération et l’augmentation des intervenants auprès des patients, implique la nécessité pour les soignants de mutualiser l'information concernant le dossier du patient, notamment lors de réunions de relèves. Ce sont 19 enregistrements de réunions de relèves infirmières qui constituent notre corpus d'étude, que nous avons filmées durant 5 semaines dans un hôpital psychiatrique de la région lyonnaise.Lors de ces réunions, une grande partie du discours des soignants est du discours rapporté (DR), au sein duquel les soignants peuvent actualiser un discours premièrement énoncé par quelqu’un, et le rendre ainsi audible à l'ensemble de l'équipe. Selon la forme qu'il revêt, le discours rapporté peut tendre vers une mimétique des propos tenus à l'origine, notamment dans le cas des discours rapportés directs. Dès lors, une certaine forme de mimesis peut être repérée dans les émotions véhiculées par le biais du DR. Qu'il s'agisse de l'expression d'émotions relatives à la pathologie du malade (anxiété, angoisse...) ou d'émotions n’ayant pas de rapport direct avec les troubles pris en charge dans des structures psychiatriques, nous verrons que le DR, dans les réunions de relève infirmière, joue un rôle prépondérant dans l'expression émotive du patient face à l'équipe soignante.
Sportwetten: Expertise oder Glück? Ein systematischer Review über Tippstudien
Authors: Kalke Jens , Schmidt Christiane S. , Hayer Tobias 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungGlücksspiele zeichnen sich unter anderem durch ihren zufallsbasierten Spielausgang aus. Im Fokus des vorliegenden systematischen Reviews steht die Frage, ob Sportwetten als Glücksspiel einzustufen sind oder alternativ ein Geschicklichkeitsspiel darstellen, bei dem bestimmte Kompetenzen der Spielteilnehmenden bei der Vorhersage von Sportereignissen maßgeblich zum Tragen kommen. Im Zuge einer systematischen Literaturrecherche konnten insgesamt 9 Tippstudien gefunden werden, welche die Einschlusskriterien erfüllten, und in denen verschiedene Personengruppen gegeneinander und/oder gegen den Zufall auf den Ausgang realer Spielereignisse wetten. Nahezu alle Studien zeigten, dass gewisse Kenntnisse, Fähigkeiten oder Fertigkeiten beim Sportwetten keine bedeutsame Rolle spielen. Dieser Sachverhalt gilt unabhängig von der Sportart, dem konkreten Sportereignis oder bestimmten Studienparametern. Entsprechend sollten Sportwetten im rechtlichen wie politischen Sinne zur Kategorie der Glücksspiele zählen und die entsprechenden Maßnahmen des Jugend- und Spielerschutzes aus dem Glücksspielbereich greifen. Ein zentrales Ziel besteht dabei in der Vorbeugung der Entstehung von kognitiven Verzerrungen wie Kontrollillusionen bzw. dem Irrglauben, beim Sportwetten durch die eigene Expertise Geld verdienen zu können.
Regionale Verteilung der Cochlea-Implantat (CI)-versorgenden Einrichtungen in Deutschland
Authors: Stöver T. , Zeh R. , Gängler B. , Plontke S. K. , Ohligmacher S. , Deitmer T. , Hupka O. , Welkoborsky H. J. , Schulz M. , Delank W. , Strobel M. , Guntinas-Lichius O. , Lang S. , Dietz A. , Dazert S. , Diensthuber M. 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Versorgung von Patienten mit einer hochgradigen Schwerhörigkeit oder Taubheit mit einem Cochlea-Implantat (CI) stellt heute in Deutschland einen Standard dar. Umso überraschender ist es, dass kaum Daten zur aktuellen Anzahl der CI-versorgenden Einrichtungen (CI-Kliniken) und zu deren geografischer Verteilung existieren. Der Selbsthilfeverband Deutsche Cochlea Implantat Gesellschaft (DCIG) e. V. und die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie (DGHNO-KHC) haben daher eine Umfrage zur Erfassung der regionalen Verteilung, des Leistungsspektrums, der Berücksichtigung existierender Qualitätsstandards sowie der Zusammenarbeit mit Patientenselbsthilfe-Organisationen der einzelnen CI-versorgenden Einrichtungen initiiert.Hierfür wurden insgesamt 170 Kliniken für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde bzw. deren ärztliche Leiter (37 Lehrstuhlinhaber und 133 Chefärzte) per E-Mail kontaktiert und mittels Fragebogens befragt. Die Befragung erfolgte von Oktober 2019 bis Februar 2020.Von den 170 kontaktierten Kliniken nahmen 71 (41,8 %) an der Umfrage teil. Hiervon bestätigten 70 Kliniken (98,6 %), CI-Operationen durchzuführen. Damit gaben 41,8 % aller kontaktierten Kliniken an, CI-Operationen durchzuführen (70 von 170 Kliniken), während diese Information von 99 Kliniken nicht verfügbar war. Alle 70 CI-versorgenden Einrichtungen (100 %) gaben an, CI-Operationen an Erwachsenen, 60 Kliniken (85,7 %) ebenfalls bei Kindern (< 18 Jahre) durchzuführen. 36 Kliniken (51,4 %) berichteten, dass die Gesamtanzahl der CI-Operationen an ihrer Einrichtung im Jahr 2018 mehr als 50 betrug. In 64 Kliniken (91,4 %) werden, nach den erhobenen Daten, die Empfehlungen der DGHNO-KHC zur CI-Versorgung (gemäß Weißbuch CI-Versorgung, Stand 2018) berücksichtigt. Eine Zusammenarbeit der Klinik mit der CI-Selbsthilfe wurde von 67 Kliniken (95,7 %) angegeben. Die geografische Verteilung der CI-versorgenden Einrichtungen, die an der Umfrage teilgenommen haben, zeigte ein heterogenes Verteilungsmuster zwischen den einzelnen Bundesländern und auch innerhalb der jeweiligen Bundesländer.Die hier präsentierte Arbeit ist eine erste Standortbestimmung im Hinblick auf die regionale Verteilung der CI-versorgenden Einrichtungen in Deutschland. Auffällig ist eine Clusterbildung der CI-Kliniken in Ballungsräumen, teils mit mehreren Einrichtungen in einer Stadt. Erfreulich ist die weit überwiegende Beachtung qualitätsbezogener Aspekte, wie die Berücksichtigung des CI-Weißbuchs der DGHNO-KHC und die Zusammenarbeit mit der Patientenselbsthilfe. Limitationen der Studie ergeben sich aus der begrenzten Teilnahme an der Umfrage (41,8 % der kontaktierten Kliniken).
C–O Bond Activation as a Strategy in Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling
Authors: Leitch David C. , Becica Joseph 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe activation of strong C–O bonds in cross-coupling catalysis can open up new oxygenate-based feedstocks and building blocks for complex-molecule synthesis. Although Ni catalysis has been the major focus for cross-coupling of carboxylate-based electrophiles, we recently demonstrated that palladium catalyzes not only difficult C–O oxidative additions but also Suzuki-type cross-couplings of alkenyl carboxylates under mild conditions. We propose that, depending on the reaction conditions, either a typical Pd(0)/(II) mechanism or a redox-neutral Pd(II)-only mechanism can operate. In the latter pathway, C–C bond formation occurs through carbopalladation of the alkene, and C–O cleavage by β-carboxyl elimination.1	Introduction2	A Mechanistic Challenge: Activating Strong C–O Bonds3	Exploiting Vinylogy for C–Cl and C–O Oxidative Additions4	An Alternative Mechanism for Efficient Cross-Coupling Catalysis5	Conclusions and Outlook
Stereoselective Synthesis of (4S,5S)-5-Vinyloxazolidin-2-one-4-carboxylate as a β-Vinylserine Synthetic Equivalent by Vinyl Grignard Addition to an N-Tosyl Version of Garner’s Aldehyde
Authors: Nolen Ernest G. , Cao Yuqi M. , Lewis Brynn D. , Powers Madison H. , Thompson Andrew W. , Bennett John M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA highly efficient synthesis of a β-vinylserine synthetic equivalent is reported that exploits the stereodirecting effect of the N-toluenesulfonamide in an anti-diastereoselective (8.5:1) vinyl Grignard addition to an analogue of Garner’s aldehyde. Both aryl and alkyl ­Grignards are shown to give increased anti-selectivity compared with N-Boc Garner’s aldehyde.
When It Doesn't Fit: Congenital Anomalies of the Choledochus
Authors: Reusens Helena , Davenport Mark 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction Congenital choledochal malformations (CCMs) are characterized by intra- and/or extrahepatic bile duct dilatation. Five basic types (1–5) are recognized in Todani's classification and its modifications, of which types 1 and 4 typically have an associated anomalous pancreatobiliary junction and common channel (CC). We describe two cases with previously undescribed features.
Case Report 1 Antenatal detection of a cyst at porta hepatis was made in an otherwise normal girl of Iranian parentage. She was confirmed to be a CCM (20 mm diameter), postnatally, with no evidence of obstruction. Surgical exploration was performed at 12 weeks. She had an isolated cystic dilatation of the right-hepatic duct only. The left-hepatic duct and common bile duct (CBD) were normal without a CC. Histology of the resected specimen showed stratified squamous epithelium.
Case Report 2 A preterm (31 weeks of gestation) boy of Nigerian parentage was presented. His mother was HIV + ve and he was treated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors following birth. He had persistent cholestatic jaundice and a dilated (10 mm) bile duct from birth. Although the jaundice resolved, the dilatation persisted and increased, coming to surgery aged 2.5 years. This showed cystic dilatation confined to the common hepatic duct, and otherwise normal distal common bile duct and no CC.
Result Both underwent resection with the Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy reconstruction to the transected right-hepatic duct alone in case 1, leaving the preserved left duct and CBD in continuity, and to the transected common hepatic duct in case 2.
Conclusions Neither choledochal anomaly fitted into the usual choledochal classification and case 1 appears unique in the literature.
The Dutch Incidence of Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis and the Influence of Seasons
Authors: van den Bunder Fenne A. I. M. , Allema Jan Hein , Benninga Marc A. , de Blaauw Ivo , van de Brug Tim , den Dulk Marcel , Hulscher Jan B. F. , Keyzer-Dekker Claudia M. G. , Witvliet Marieke J. , van Heurn Ernest L. W. , Derikx Joep P. M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction Studies report contradicting results on the incidence of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) and its association with seasons. We aim to assess the IHPS incidence in the Netherlands and to determine whether seasonal variation is present in a nationwide cohort.
Materials and Methods All infants with IHPS hospitalized in the Netherlands between 2007 and 2017 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Incidence rates per 1,000 livebirths (LB) were calculated using total number of LB during the matched month, season, or year, respectively. Seasonal variation based on month of birth and month of surgery was analyzed using linear mixed model and one-way ANOVA, respectively.
Results A total of 2,479 infants were included, of which the majority was male (75.9%). Median (interquartile range) age at surgery was 34 (18) days. The average IHPS incidence rate was 1.28 per 1,000 LB (variation: 1.09–1.47 per 1,000 LB). We did not find a conclusive trend over time in IHPS incidence. Differences in incidence between season of birth and season of surgery were not significant (p = 0.677 and p = 0.206, respectively).
Conclusion We found an average IHPS incidence of 1.28 per 1,000 LB in the Netherlands. Our results showed no changing trend in incidence and no seasonal variation.
Michler’s hydrol blue elucidates structural differences in prion strains
Authors: Xiao Yiling , Rocha Sandra , Kitts Catherine C. , Reymer Anna , Beke-Somfai Tamás , Frederick Kendra K. , Nordén Bengt 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Amyloids are protein fiber aggregates that are associated with both pathology, e.g., neurodegenerative diseases, and functionality, e.g., adaptation to environmental changes in yeasts. A particular property of amyloid fibrils is their ability to show structural variations among different fibrils formed by the same polypeptide chain, a phenomenon known as polymorphism. It is becoming increasingly important to be able to distinguish between amyloid polymorphs because they can cause pathologically distinct transmissible diseases. Here we describe a fluorescent amyloid dye that can differentiate between amyloid polymorphs.