bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legal Aspects of Telemedicine
Authors: Tretyakova Ekaterina P. 
Published: August 2020

Although distance medicine has been actively developing worldwide over the past 20 years, no universal mechanism of legislation has been developed across foreign countries to achieve main goals of tele-health services: convenience, effectiveness, and accessibility.The need to improve states’ healthcare systems has increased after dealing with the challenges that the world faced in 2020. While organizing the fight against the spread of the coronavirus infection, a number of countries invoked telemedicine technologies. The experience of using e-health in difficult epidemiological situations should be perceived by states as positive and thus incorporated when preparing legislative changes aimed at improving the regulation of telemedicine.States should act jointly in relation to the development of remote medical care technologies. This will help to build up experience and knowledge that can be used in the future when transforming telemedical assistance into cross-border practice, including the adoption of international acts.Telemedicine should be regulated comprehensively, instigating legal regulations for such issues as medical care provision, digital technologies, medical insurance aspects, licensing, and the protection of personal data. As for theRussian Federation, the remote medicine care model implemented in the country is incomplete due to the inability to diagnose diseases remotely. Such a restriction entails the appearance of a number of questions in other areas: the responsibility of the doctor, the possibilities of cross-border medicine, or insurance compensation issues.The purpose of the article is to describe the legal regulation of telemedicine technologies in theRussian Federation, comparing Russian regulation with American experiences, and analyzing the main approaches taken by foreign researchers.
First Structure Formation under the Influence of Gas–Dark Matter Streaming Velocity and Density: Impact of the “Baryons Trace Dark Matter” Approximation
Authors: Park 박현 Hyunbae 배 , Ahn Kyungjin , Yoshida Naoki , Hirano Shingo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The impact of streaming between baryons and dark matter on the first structures has been actively explored by recent studies. We investigate how the key results are affected by two popular approximations. One is to implement the streaming by accounting for only the relative motion while assuming “baryons trace dark matter” spatially at the initialization of simulation. This neglects the smoothing on the gas density taking place before the initialization. In our simulation initialized at z

i
= 200, it overestimates the gas density power spectrum by up to 40% at k ≈ 102
h Mpc−1 at z = 20. Halo mass (M

h
) and baryonic fraction in halos (

) are also overestimated, but the relation between the two remains unchanged. The other approximation tested is to artificially amplify the density/velocity fluctuations in the cosmic mean density to simulate the first minihalos that form in overdense regions. This gives a head start to the halo growth while the subsequent growth is similar to that in the mean density. The growth in a true overdense region, on the other hand, is accelerated gradually in time. For example, raising σ
8 by 50% effectively transforms

in the halo mass growth history while, at 2σ overdensity, the growth is accelerated by a constant in redshift:

. As a result, halos have grown more massive in the former than in the latter before z ≈ 27 and vice versa after. The

–M

h
relation is unchanged in those cases as well, suggesting that the Population III formation rate for a given M

h
is insensitive to the tested approximations.
A Priori Validation of Subgrid-scale Models for Astrophysical Turbulence
Authors: Hu 胡家 Chia-Yu 瑜 , Chiang 蔣季 Chi-Ting 庭 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We perform a priori validation tests of subgrid-scale (SGS) models for the turbulent transport of momentum, energy, and passive scalars. To this end, we conduct two sets of high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations with a Lagrangian code: an isothermal turbulent box with rms Mach numbers of 0.3, 2, and 8, and the classical wind tunnel where a cold cloud traveling through a hot medium gradually dissolves due to fluid instabilities. Two SGS models are examined: the eddy diffusivity (ED) model widely adopted in astrophysical simulations and the “gradient model” due to Clark et al. We find that both models predict the magnitude of the SGS terms equally well (correlation coefficient >0.8). However, the gradient model provides excellent predictions for the orientation and shape of the SGS terms while the ED model predicts both poorly, indicating that isotropic diffusion is a poor approximation to the instantaneous turbulent transport. The best-fit coefficient of the gradient model is in the range of [0.16, 0.21] for the momentum transport, and the turbulent Schmidt number and Prandtl number are both close to unity, in the range of [0.92, 1.15].
Demographics of Triple Systems in Dense Star Clusters
Authors: Fragione Giacomo , Martinez Miguel A. S. , Kremer Kyle , Chatterjee Sourav , Rodriguez Carl L. , Ye Claire S. , Weatherford Newlin C. , Naoz Smadar , Rasio Frederic A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Depending on the stellar type, more than 15% of stars in the field have at least two stellar companions. Hierarchical triple systems can be assembled dynamically in dense star clusters, as a result of few-body encounters among stars and/or compact remnants in the cluster core. In this paper, we present the demographics of stellar and compact-object triples formed via binary–binary encounters in the CMC Cluster Catalog, a suite of cluster simulations with present-day properties representative of the globular clusters (GCs) observed in the Milky Way. We show how the initial properties of the host cluster set the typical orbital parameters and formation times of the formed triples. We find that a cluster typically assembles hundreds of triples with at least one black hole (BH) in the inner binary, while only clusters with sufficiently small virial radii are efficient in producing triples with no BHs. We show that a typical GC is expected to host tens of triples with at least one luminous component at present. We discuss how the Lidov–Kozai mechanism can drive the inner binary of these dynamically formed triples to high eccentricities, whenever it takes place before the triple is dynamically reprocessed by encountering another cluster member. Some of these systems can reach sufficiently large eccentricities to form a variety of transients and merger products, such as blue stragglers, X-ray binaries, Type Ia supernovae, Thorne–Zytkow objects, and gravitational wave sources.
Thermal and Orbital Evolution of Low-mass Exoplanets
Authors: Walterová Michaela , Běhounková Marie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The thermal, orbital, and rotational dynamics of tidally loaded exoplanets are interconnected by intricate feedback. The rheological structure of the planet determines its susceptibility to tidal deformation and, as a consequence, participates in shaping its orbit. The orbital parameters and the spin state, conversely, control the rate of tidal dissipation and may lead to substantial changes in the interior. We investigate the coupled thermal–orbital evolution of differentiated rocky exoplanets governed by the Andrade viscoelastic rheology. The coupled evolution is treated by a semianalytical model, 1D parameterized heat transfer, and self-consistently calculated tidal dissipation. First, we conduct several parametric studies, exploring the effect of the rheological properties, the planet size, and the orbital eccentricity on tidal locking and dissipation. These tests show that the role of tidal locking into high spin–orbit resonances is most prominent on low eccentric orbits, where it results in substantially higher tidal heating than synchronous rotation. Second, we calculate the long-term evolution of three currently known low-mass exoplanets with nonzero orbital eccentricity and absent or yet-unknown eccentricity forcing (namely GJ 625 b, GJ 411 b, and Proxima Centauri b). The tidal model incorporates the formation of a stable magma ocean and a consistently evolving spin rate. We find that the thermal state is strongly affected by the evolution of eccentricity and spin state and proceeds as a sequence of thermal equilibria. Final despinning into synchronous rotation slows down the orbital evolution and helps to maintain long-term stable orbital eccentricity.
Dust-scattering Halo and Giant Hard X-Ray Flare from the Supergiant Fast X-Ray Transient IGR J16479–4514 Investigated with XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL
Authors: Sguera V. , Tiengo A. , Sidoli L. , Bird A. J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We report results from the analysis of XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL data of IGR J16479−4514. The unpublished XMM-Newton observation, performed in 2012, occurred during the source eclipse. No pointlike X-ray emission was detected from the source; conversely, extended X-ray emission was clearly detected up to a size distance compatible with a dust-scattering halo produced by the source X-ray emission before being eclipsed by its companion donor star. The diffuse emission of the dust-scattering halo could be observed without any contamination from the central point X-ray source, compared to a previous XMM-Newton observation published in 2008. Our comprehensive analysis of the 2012 unpublished spectrum of the diffuse emission, as well as the 2008 reanalyzed spectra extracted from three adjacent time intervals and different extraction regions (optimized for pointlike and extended emission), allowed us to clearly disentangle the scattering halo spectrum from the residual pointlike emission during the 2008 eclipse. Moreover, the pointlike emission detected in 2008 could be separated into two components attributed to the direct emission from the source and scattering in the stellar wind, respectively. From archival unpublished INTEGRAL data, we identified a very strong (∼3 × 10−8 erg cm−2 s−1) and fast (∼25 minute duration) flare that was classified as a giant hard X-ray flare, since the measured peak luminosity is ∼7 × 1037 erg s−1. Giant X-ray flares from supergiant fast X-ray transients are very rare; to date, only one has been reported from a different source. We propose a physical scenario to explain the origin in the case of IGR J16479−4514.
Photometric and Spectroscopic Analysis of Eclipsing Binary NSVS 11868841
Authors: Isenbarger Melanie , Vaccaro Todd , Kawka Adela , Vennes Stéphane 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We present new photometric and spectroscopic data on the low-mass, eclipsing binary star NSVS 11868841. Light and velocity data are analyzed and modeled. Resulting best-fit models indicate a change in the orbital period. Our 2019 October observation of secondary eclipse occurs 0.01042 days prior to that predicted by the latest published ephemeris when assuming a circular orbit. Our spectroscopic data from 2009 and 2019 yield a consistent systemic velocity of −9.78 ± 1.3 km s−1 and a mass ratio of 0.928 ± 0.016, both of which are significantly different than previous studies. Orbital period changes have not been indicated in earlier works either.
Sortie d’une organisation pathologique autistique vers « le pays de la couleur » : le dilemme du traitement
Authors: Durban Joshua 
Published: August 2020

Dans cet article, on décrit la progression de l’analyse à cinq séances par semaine d’un jeune homme de 21 ans, analyse qui avait commencé treize ans plus tôt et qui était toujours en cours. Ce patient, du fait qu’il appartient aux troubles du spectre autistique à haut potentiel, et bien qu’il ait des mécanismes et des traits autistiques tout à fait nets, peut nous apporter des insights nombreux sur ses difficultés à émerger d’un univers autistique vers le monde de la communication et des relations et sur les satisfactions qu’il en tire. Le cheminement du patient est passé par trois étapes : une encapsulation autistique, une organisation autistico-psychotique défensive et, finalement, une organisation pathologique maniaco-perverse avec des défenses obsessionnelles-compulsives sévères qui l’aident à éviter les souffrances de l’altérité et de la dépendance. Au cœur de ce cheminement se trouve le « Dilemme du traitement », à savoir le fait d’accepter la « cure » proposée par le psychanalyste plutôt que son propre traitement omnipotent auto-généré. Ce dilemme peut souvent dégénérer en un arrêt qui peut même aboutir à une réaction thérapeutique négative. Cependant, si nous avons en perspective les profondes angoisses du patient concernant le changement, tout en reliant cela à son agressivité, à sa destructivité, à son besoin omnipotent d’une nouvelle structure protectrice, de nouveaux changements positifs dans la relation peuvent survenir. Cela exige de la part de l’analyste la reconnaissance de sa responsabilité pour l’angoisse et la souffrance inévitables qu’il cause au patient avec sa « cure » analytique.
Influence of processing methods on the quality attributes of bio-fortified sweet potato products
Authors: Pessu P.O. , Akande S.A. , Abel G.I. , Gbabe E.K. , Adarabierin I.G. , Olagunju O.D. , Ayanda I.S. 
Published: August 2020

Bio-fortified sweet potato (BSP) is one of the crops that can be used to address the problems of vitamin A deficiency in the Sub-Saharan Africa but it’s currently being underutilized. This study seeks to evaluate the effects of different heat processing methods on the quality of products made from BSP in order to increase its utilization. Freshly harvested tubers were purchased from a Research Farm in Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB), Nigeria and brought to the Processing Centre, Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute (NSPRI), Ilorin. The sample was taken through some standard pre-processing operations of sorting, peeling, washing, slicing (2.11 mm), and deep frying (3 minutes) while some portions were boiled immediately after sorting with or without skin for 10–15 minutes. Each treated sample was analysed for sensory, proximate, vitamins and mineral compositions following standard methods. Results showed that fried sample had highest acceptability for aroma (7.25) and crispiness (7.00) while sample boiled without skin (15 min) was rated with least scores in colour (5.30), appearance (5.40), texture (4.95), crispiness (4.65) and overall acceptability (5.70). Protein, vitamin C, phenolics, flavonoids and reducing sugar contents were 6.53–18.52%, 10.89–76.69 mg/100 g, 0.57–3.15 mg/L, 94.64–383.91 mg/L and 43.05–237.12 g/100 g respectively while some minerals such as Na, K and Zn ranged from 8.42–17.45, 5.12–9.30 and 0.03–0.09 mg/L respectively. Different heat processing at different durations affected the sensory attributes, nutritional and mineral compositions of BSP.
Key words: Post-harvest, food security, potato, heat treatment, quality
Proximate composition and functional properties of composite sorghum-okara flour and sensory evaluation of local snack product (sosa)
Authors: Uzo-Peters P.I. , Ola S.T. 
Published: August 2020

Partial substitution of cereals with legumes has the potential to improve the nutritional content, functionality and other properties of the composite flour. This study aimed at ascertaining the effect of partially substituting sorghum flour with okara flour and also to access the acceptability of a snack product, sosa, produced from the flour blends. The blends were produced from sorghum and okara flour using the following proportions respectively; 100:0; 90:10; 80:20; 70:30; and 60:40 with 100% sorghum serving as control. Results of the proximate composition of the flour blends showed an increase in protein (8.18%-22.73%), fat (1.7%-5.53%), crude fiber (2.9%-11.55%) and ash (1.72%- 2.83%), while the carbohydrate content decreased from (73.21% to 46.55%), with the moisture content varying between (10.81% and 12.41%). Bulk densities decreased with increase in okara substitution from 1g/ml to 0.72g/ml. The water absorption capacity and oil absorption capacity increased with increase in okara substitution from 278.67ml/100g to 328ml/100g and 177.33ml/100g to 249.33ml/100g respectively. The flour blends produced can all serve as thickeners and the local snack (sosa) produced from the flour blends was favourably accepted by the panelists.
Keywords: Local snacks: supplementation: sorghum-okara: composite flour.
Influence of walnut on the nutritional and physicochemical properties of biscuits made from whole wheat
Authors: Dauda A.O. , Abiodun O.A. , Akintayo O.A. , Babayeju A.A. , Salami K.O. , Oyekanmi I.A. 
Published: August 2020

In this study, the influence of walnut flour in biscuit production was studied. Biscuits were made from blends of whole wheat with walnut flours and were assessed for quality attributes and storability. Walnut was blended with whole-wheat thus: B (2%:98%); C (4%:96%); D (6%:94%); E (8%:92%) and F (10%:90%), while plain whole wheat flour served as control (Sample A). The biscuits were baked in the oven operated at 1800C for 20-30 minutes, cooled, packaged, stored for eight weeks, and analysed for physicochemical, microbial and sensory properties using standard methods. The results revealed that the proximate composition of the samples during storage were as follows: protein, moisture, ash, crude-fat, crude-fibre and carbohydrate values ranged thus: (9.30-14.26%), (10.28-12.06%), (2.20-2.92%), (13.24-16.66%), (0.69-1.17%) and (53.60-61.47%) respectively, with better nutrient stability in the treated samples when compared to the control. The colour varied with increasing substitution, while the essential amino acids were higher in the walnut-supplemented samples. The microbial load of the control was higher than those of the treated samples, due to high antioxidant activity of walnut. Sensory evaluation revealed that biscuit sample having 2% walnut flour was most preferred.
Keywords: Whole wheat flour; walnut; proximate composition; antioxidant properties; shelf life.
Study on ruminant tick infestation, phytochemical analysis and in vitro acaricidal effect of <i>Calpurnia aurea</i> and <i>Otostegia integrifolia<i> extracts on <i>Amblyomma variegatum</i>
Authors: Kemal Jelalu , Alemu Sisay , Tsegaye Biniam , Tamerat Nateneal 
Published: August 2020

Ticks limit the productivity of livestock through decreased production, reproduction, increased mortality, downgrading and rejection of hides and skin. A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of tick infestation in ruminant while experimental study was used to evaluate the in-vitro acaricidal efficacy of methanolic extracts: Calpurnia aurea and Otostegia integrifolia and the phytochemicals present in those extracts at different concentrations (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 mg/ml) against Amblyomma variegatum. Adult immersion was used for the in-vitro acaricidal efficacy test and plant extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening for the presence or absence of secondary metabolites using standard procedures. Out of the 160 goats, 152 sheep and 121 cattle, 23 (14.4%), 44 (28.9%) and 28 (23.1%) were found to be positive for tick infestation, respectively. The incidence of tick infestation was significantly different (p<0.01) among ruminants. Five tick spp. were identified: A. variegatum, A. gemma, R. decoloratus, R. evertsi evertsi and R. pulchellus. Extract of C. aurea and O. integrifolia was found to contain alkaloids, saponins, phlobatannin, steroids, phenolic, flavonoids, glycosides and tannins. However, both plants were found negative for triterpens. Extracts of C. aurea and O. integrifolia at 200 and 100 mg/ml concentrations showed a significantly higher (p<0.05) acaricidal activities compared to other treatments at 24 hrs post exposure. Mortality of ticks was increased with the increased dosage (concentration) and exposure time after treatment. Extracts of C. aurea showed a significantly higher (p<0.05) tick mortality (52%) compared to those of O. integrifolia (27%). This is a promising finding to have alternative means of treatment and to substitute the use of synthetic drugs which have a wide spread drug resistance especially in developing countries like Ethiopia.
Key words: Calpurnia aurea; in-vitro test; Otostegia integrifolia; Phytochemical screening; Tick infestation
Study on the prevalence and risk factors of bovine tuberculosis in dairy cattle in Adama city, central Ethiopia
Authors: Woldemariam Tefera , Bekele Samuel , Mamo Gezahegne , Ameni Gobena 
Published: August 2020

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a serious infectious disease of cattle with significant economic impact and public health risk. It is particularly important in Ethiopia where effective control measures are lacking. This cross-sectional study was carried out between April and July 2016 on 1038 cattle selected from 206 dairy farms in Adama city located in central Ethiopia to estimate the prevalence of bTB and identify the potential risk factors using comparative intradermal tuberculin skin test. Accordingly, the individual animal level prevalence was found to be 2.1% (95% CI: 1.35 – 3.22). Of the 206 dairy farms included in the study, 7.3% (95% CI: 4.29 – 11.98) had one or more 15 cattle positive for the tuberculin test. Furthermore, 5.5% of the examined cattle were found reactive for atypical Mycobacterium. Among the risk factors considered, age and lactation status of the animals were significantly associated (p< 0.05) with the prevalence of bTB. It was noted that the apparent prevalence of bTB positive reactivity was greater in young and non-lactating cattle than their counterparts. In conclusion, the present study revealed 2.1% prevalence of bTB in the dairy farms investigated and culling of positive reactors is recommended as a feasible control intervention.
Keywords: Adama; Bovine tuberculosis; CIDT; dairy cattle; Ethiopia
Knowledge Acquisition System of Traditional Crafts in Bida and Gusau Towns in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Alhassan Jibril Attahiru , Abubakar Lawal , Ndayako Musa Majaidu , Abduldayan Fatimah Jibril , Saka Katamba Abubakar 
Published: August 2020

This study investigated knowledge acquisition and transfer system among traditional crafts in Bida and Gusau towns in Northern Nigeria. Five research questions guided the study and include variables such as types of crafts practiced, sources of knowledge and skills; people involved sustainability and challenges to traditional crafts in the two towns. Case study was used with population of all traditional craftsmen in Bida and Gusau (Niger and Zamfara States) respectively. A sample size of 90 craftsmen was drawn through stratified random sampling. Descriptive statistics involving frequency counts and percentages were used to analyze the collected data. Results showed that embroidery and blacksmithing were the major crafts practiced; knowledge and skills were obtained through inheritance/initiation and that the unemployed were the major craftsmen. Other findings include ‘no alternative’ jobs as a factor that sustain traditional crafts and that limited capital was the major obstacle to traditional crafts in the two towns. The study recommended amongst others the inclusion of limitless type of crafts to various skills through formal education, vocational training, apprenticeship, etc.
Keywords: Traditional crafts, Apprenticeship, Knowledge, Skills, Nigeria