bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A participatory approach: Shifting accountability in microenterprise development
Authors: Chu Vien , Luke Belinda 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough non‐government organisations (NGOs) play an important role in poverty alleviation, their accountability to beneficiaries (the poor) for sustainable poverty alleviation is often criticised. In the literature, a participatory approach to strengthening NGO downward accountability has been widely discussed and various mechanisms for participation are identified; however, it is unclear how a participatory approach is implemented in practice to enhance NGO accountability to beneficiaries. Using accountability concepts, this study examines a participatory approach within the practices of NGOs engaging in microenterprise development in Bangladesh and Indonesia. Findings show that an effective participatory approach needs to address three questions: who participates, what to participate in, and how to participate. Within this approach, participation for beneficiary empowerment involves three stages: consulting, partnership, and delegated control. These stages are not linear, but rather a recurring, iterative process, providing a graduated, progressive approach to empowering beneficiaries. These stages recognise mutual accountability between the poor, as well as the public and private sectors, providing a basis for enhanced NGO accountability to beneficiaries at a strategic level – and enhanced sustainable outcomes for poverty alleviation.
Heteronormative Relationship Education for Same‐Gender Couples
Authors: Hatch S. Gabe , Rothman Karen , Roddy McKenzie K. , Dominguez Rebecca M. , Le Yunying , Doss Brian D. 
Published: May 2020

In recent years, same‐gender group‐based relationship education has emerged as a viable intervention to prevent relationship distress among same‐gender couples. However, many of these programs are conducted in metropolitan areas and lack the ability to reach rural populations. The current study sought to investigate whether two wide‐reaching web‐based heteronormative relationship education programs could positively impact same‐gender relationships. In a sample of 49 same‐gender couples, heteronormative relationship education had small (Cohen's d = 0.16–0.39) but reliably positive effects on key areas of relationship functioning and perceived stress relative to a waitlist control group. Additionally, when same‐gender couples were matched with different‐gender individuals with similar baseline characteristics, no reliable differences between the two groups emerged even though the program effects were sometimes half as large for same‐gender couples. Finally, same‐gender participants were as satisfied with the program as the matched different‐gender individuals. Though the results of the present study indicate that heteronormative relationship education can be helpful for same‐gender couples, additional tailoring should be undertaken to ensure that same‐gender couples experience as much benefit as possible. Estimates from the current study could be used in future studies to detect what might be small‐sized differences.
The Role of Diet and Nutrition in Migraine Triggers and Treatment: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Hindiyeh Nada Ahmad , Zhang Niushen , Farrar Mallory , Banerjee Pixy , Lombard Louise , Aurora Sheena K. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundMigraine is a disabling primary headache disorder often associated with triggers. Diet‐related triggers are a common cause of migraine and certain diets have been reported to decrease the frequency of migraine attacks if dietary triggers or patterns are adjusted.ObjectiveThe systematic literature review was conducted to qualitatively summarize evidence from the published literature regarding the role of diet patterns, diet‐related triggers, and diet interventions in people with migraine.MethodsA literature search was carried out on diet patterns, diet‐related triggers, and diet interventions used to treat and/or prevent migraine attacks, using an a priori protocol. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched to identify studies assessing the effect of diet, food, and nutrition in people with migraine aged ≥18 years. Only primary literature sources (randomized controlled trials or observational studies) were included and searches were conducted from January 2000 to March 2019. The NICE checklist was used to assess the quality of the included studies of randomized controlled trials and the Downs and Black checklist was used for the assessment of observational studies.ResultsA total of 43 studies were included in this review, of which 11 assessed diet patterns, 12 assessed diet interventions, and 20 assessed diet‐related triggers. The overall quality of evidence was low, as most of the (68%) studies assessing diet patterns and diet‐related triggers were cross‐sectional studies or patient surveys. The studies regarding diet interventions assessed a variety of diets, such as ketogenic diet, elimination diets, and low‐fat diets. Alcohol and caffeine uses were the most common diet patterns and diet‐related triggers associated with increased frequency of migraine attacks. Most of the diet interventions, such as low‐fat and elimination diets, were related to a decrease in the frequency of migraine attacks.ConclusionsThere is limited high‐quality randomized controlled trial data on diet patterns or diet‐related triggers. A few small randomized controlled trials have assessed diet interventions in preventing migraine attacks without strong results. Although many patients already reported avoiding personal diet‐related triggers in their migraine management, high‐quality research is needed to confirm the effect of diet in people with migraine.
Classic and targeted anti‐leukaemic agents interfere with the cholesterol biogenesis metagene in acute myeloid leukaemia: Therapeutic implications
Authors: Chen Fangli , Wu Xue , Niculite Cristina , Gilca Marilena , Petrusca Daniela , Rogozea Adriana , Rice Susan , Guo Bin , Griffin Shawn , Calin George A. , Boswell H. Scott , Konig Heiko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite significant advances in deciphering the molecular landscape of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), therapeutic outcomes of this haematological malignancy have only modestly improved over the past decades. Drug resistance and disease recurrence almost invariably occur, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of these processes. While low O2 compartments, such as bone marrow (BM) niches, are well‐recognized hosts of drug‐resistant leukaemic cells, standard in vitro studies are routinely performed under supra‐physiologic (21% O2, ambient air) conditions, which limits clinical translatability. We hereby identify molecular pathways enriched in AML cells that survive acute challenges with classic or targeted therapeutic agents. Experiments took into account variations in O2 tension encountered by leukaemic cells in clinical settings. Integrated RNA and protein profiles revealed that lipid biosynthesis, and particularly the cholesterol biogenesis branch, is a particularly therapy‐induced vulnerability in AML cells under low O2 states. We also demonstrate that the impact of the cytotoxic agent cytarabine is selectively enhanced by a high‐potency statin. The cholesterol biosynthesis programme is amenable to additional translational opportunities within the expanding AML therapeutic landscape. Our findings support the further investigation of higher‐potency statin (eg rosuvastatin)–based combination therapies to enhance targeting residual AML cells that reside in low O2 environments.
Risk of type 2 diabetes according to the cumulative exposure to metabolic syndrome or obesity: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Lee You‐Bin , Kim Da Hye , Kim Seon Mee , Kim Nan Hee , Choi Kyung Mook , Baik Sei Hyun , Park Yong Gyu , Han Kyungdo , Yoo Hye Jin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe investigated the risk of incident type 2 diabetes according to the cumulative exposure to obesity or metabolic syndrome (MetS) during annual or biennial health examinations.Materials and MethodsThe Korean National Health Insurance Service datasets from 2002 to 2017 were used for this retrospective longitudinal study. The risk for type 2 diabetes was analyzed according to the cumulative exposure to obesity and MetS among individuals who underwent four health examinations from 2009 to 2012 or 2013 (n = 2,851,745).ResultsDuring examinations, 28.56 and 17.86% of the total participants showed fluctuations in metabolic health state and obesity, respectively. During a mean 5.01 years of follow up, 98,950 new type 2 diabetes cases developed. The risk for type 2 diabetes increased with the increase in exposure to MetS (hazard ratio [HR] 2.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.86–2.99; HR 4.96, 95% CI 4.85–5.08; HR 7.46, 95% CI 7.30–7.63; HR 12.24, 95% CI 12.00–12.49 in groups with number of exposures one to four, respectively) and obesity (HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.56–1.65; HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.81–1.92; HR 2.25, 95% CI 2.19–2.31; HR 3.46, 95% CI 3.41–3.51 in groups with number of exposures one to four, respectively), showing a more detrimental effect of cumulative exposure to MetS, when compared with the exposure to obesity.ConclusionsMetabolic health and obesity fluctuated within a relatively short period of 4–5 years. Although the impact was much greater for MetS than for obesity, the cumulative duration of both obesity and MetS was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in a dose‐response manner. Therefore, continuously maintaining metabolic health and normal weight is crucial to prevent incident type 2 diabetes.
Designing clinical trials for future space missions as a pathway to changing how clinical trials are conducted on Earth
Authors: Nasser Mona , Peres Nicholas , Knight Jacqui , Haines Agatha , Young Charlie , Maranan Diego , Wright Julian , Carvil Philip , Robinson Karen , Westmore Matthew , Griffin Joanna , Halkes Matthew 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe project aims to build a framework for conducting clinical trials for long‐term interplanetary missions to contribute to innovation in clinical trials on Earth, especially around patient involvement and ownership.MethodsWe conducted two workshops in which participants were immersed in the speculative scenario of an interplanetary mission in which health problems emerged that required medical trials to resolve. The workshops used virtual reality and live simulation to mimic a zero‐gravity environment and visual perception shifts and were followed by group discussion.ResultsSome key aspects for the framework that emerged from the workshops included: (a) approaches to be inclusive in the management of the trial, (b) approaches to be inclusive in designing the research project (patient preference trials, n‐of‐1 trials, designing clinical trials to be part of a future prospective meta‐analysis, etc), (c) balancing the research needs and the community needs (eg, allocation of the participants based on both research and community need), (d) ethics and partnerships (ethics and consent issues and how they relate to partnerships and relationships).ConclusionIn identifying some key areas that need to be incorporated in future planning of clinical trials for interplanetary missions, we also identified areas that are relevant to engaging patients in clinical trials on Earth. We will suggest using the same methodology to facilitate more in‐depth discussions on specific aspects of clinical trials in aerospace medicine. The methodology can be more widely used in other areas to open new inclusive conversations around innovating research methodology.
Strengthening literature search strategies for systematic reviews reporting population health in the Middle East and North Africa: A meta‐research study
Authors: Chaabna Karima , Cheema Sohaila , Abraham Amit , Mamtani Ravinder 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), data are produced in languages other than English and available through gray literature sources. We assessed the comprehensiveness of literature search strategies of systematic reviews (SRs) reporting population health primary data on MENA.MethodsUtilizing the registered protocol (PROSPERO CRD42017076736), we conducted a meta‐research analysis on a cohort of SRs (systematic PubMed search: from 2008 to 2016) and evaluated their search strategies following AMSTAR recommendations.ResultsA total of 379 SRs were included. Few SRs (10.3%, n = 39) conducted a comprehensive literature search including at least two databases, reference lists of included primary studies, gray literature sources, and no language restriction. Nevertheless, 90.5% (n = 343) searched at least two databases and 67.0% (n = 254) searched gray literature sources. Authors from MENA searched statistically more for gray literature than authors from Western countries (P = 0.022). Reference lists of the included studies were searched in 40.4% (n = 153) of the SRs. Searching the reference lists was positively associated with searching for gray literature (P < 0.001). Only 38.8% (n = 147) of the SRs had no language restriction or searched in English and in at least one language relevant to MENA, whereas 27.2% (n = 103) did not report this information.ConclusionsLiterature searches for SRs reporting population health data on MENA were limited in reporting quality, language restrictions, and lack of reference list searches. This was probably due to lack of adherence to the reporting guidelines. To ensure compilation of optimum evidence, expanding literature searches to reference list search and for additional languages relevant to MENA are required.
Moisture adsorption in water caltrop (Trapa bispinosaRoxb.) pericarps: Thermodynamic properties and glass transition
Authors: Cheng Xinfeng , Zhang Min , Adhikari Benu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMoisture sorption isotherms of water caltrop pericarp (WCP) powders were determined at 20, 30, and 40°C over water activity (Aw) range of 0.11 and 0.97. The adsorption isotherms decreased with the increase of temperature and exhibited Type II BET adsorption characteristics. The monolayer moisture content values calculated by the Guggenheim–Anderson–de Bor equation were found to be 0.0561, 0.0509, and 0.0409 g/g solids at 20, 30, and 40°C, respectively. The values of net isosteric heat of adsorption and differential entropy decreased from 26.094 to 0.250 kJ/mol, 76.665 to 0.358 J mol−1 K−1 with water content varying from 0.30 to 0.07 g/g solids, respectively. The isokinetic theory showed that the water adsorption process of WCP powders was governed by enthalpy. The values of specific surface area available for adsorption at 20, 30, and 40°C were 198.95, 180.40, and 145.11 m2/g, respectively. The spreading pressure increased with the increase of Aw values at a fixed temperature and decreased when temperature rising at a given Aw level. The effective pore size for WCP powders increased with the increment of water content and temperature, ranging from 1.648 to 21.761 nm. The glass transition temperature (T
g) of WCP powders was examined by differential scanning calorimetry and its values decreased from 72.34 to 2.42°C as water content ranged from 0.0499 to 0.352 g/g solids. The result showed that WCP powders remained stable at 30°C when the moisture content was lower than 0.149 g/g solids.Practical applicationsWater caltrop (Trapa bispinosa Roxb) has been widely cultivated in China and other Southeast Asia because of its medical functions and delicious taste. The micronized water caltrop pericarp (WCP) is an excellent source of dietary fiber and phenolics and has been applied in various food and nonfood sectors. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the thermodynamic properties of water adsorption isotherms of WCP powders. In addition, a state diagram was established based on the water activity concept and glass transition theory. The results documented in this study will help design the energy process for producing WCP powders and predicting storage stability.
Evaluation of root morphology of maxillary and mandibular second molars lost due to periodontitis
Authors: Kato Akiko , Hishikawa Toshimitsu , Inagaki Koji , Yamamoto Genta , Mitani Akio , Honda Masaki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and objectiveLittle is known about the anatomical characteristics of root morphology in molars lost due to periodontal reason. The aim of this study was to study root morphology in maxillary and mandibular molars lost due to periodontitis by investigating the frequency of root fusion, classifying fusion types, and measuring radicular groove depth by micro‐computed tomography.Material and methodsNinety‐eight posterior teeth were collected from 87 Japanese patients during the study period. Of these, maxillary (N = 36) and mandibular (N = 22) second molars lost most frequently were assessed for root fusion and morphology.ResultsThe 36 maxillary second molars included nine (25%) teeth with a single root, 14 (39%) with two roots, and 13 (36%) with three roots. Of the 23 maxillary second molars with fused (1 and 2) roots, there were 11 (48%), 2 (9%), 1 (4%), 1 (4%), 3 (13%), and 5 (22%) teeth with root types 1‐6, respectively. The 22 mandibular second molars comprised 14 (64%) teeth with a single root, 7 (32%) with two roots, and one (4%) with three roots. Of the 14 mandibular second molars with a fused (1) root, 12 (86%) had a C‐shaped root and two (14%) had a non‐C‐shaped root.ConclusionWe observed a higher frequency of root fusion in the present study compared with that reported by previous studies using randomly selected second molars.
Modeling and analyzing rheological behavior of sour lemon juice concentrate using image processing methods
Authors: Çavdir Esra , Akben Selahaddin B. , Bozdoğan Adnan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, temperature‐concentration related rheological behavior of sour lemon juice concentrate (SLJC) were investigated. Lemons were squeezed, and lemon juices were obtained. SLJC samples were produced by two methods: atmospheric and vacuum conditions. The rheological properties of SLJC at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50°C for each 31, 36, 41, 46, 51 °Bx were measured with rheometer. Firstly, it was determined that the SLJC showed Newtonian flow behavior at measured concentrations and temperatures. Then, viscosity of SLJC produced under vacuum conditions was determined higher than SLJC produced under atmospheric conditions. This difference was calculated statistically significant (p < .05). Furthermore, activation energy values of samples produced under atmospheric and vacuum conditions ranged between 13.6–24.0 kJ/mol and 9.0–17.9 kJ/mol, respectively. Finally, temperature‐concentration dependent viscosity variations were modeled by surface equations, and the data predicted were transformed into images to provide visual analysis. It was determined by images that the viscosity change is proportional to concentration while inversely proportional to temperature. Ascorbic acid value was found higher under vacuum conditions than atmospheric conditions. In contrast, the HMF value was detected in low quantities under vacuum conditions.
In situ structure of the Caulobacter crescentus flagellar motor and visualization of binding of a CheY‐homolog
Authors: Rossmann Florian M. , Hug Isabelle , Sangermani Matteo , Jenal Urs , Beeby Morgan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBacterial flagellar motility is controlled by the binding of CheY proteins to the cytoplasmic switch complex of the flagellar motor, resulting in changes in swimming speed or direction. Despite its importance for motor function, structural information about the interaction between effector proteins and the motor are scarce. To address this gap in knowledge, we used electron cryotomography and subtomogram averaging to visualize such interactions inside Caulobacter crescentus cells. In C. crescentus, several CheY homologs regulate motor function for different aspects of the bacterial lifestyle. We used subtomogram averaging to image binding of the CheY family protein CleD to the cytoplasmic Cring switch complex, the control center of the flagellar motor. This unambiguously confirmed the orientation of the motor switch protein FliM and the binding of a member of the CheY protein family to the outside rim of the C ring. We also uncovered previously unknown structural elaborations of the alphaproteobacterial flagellar motor, including two novel periplasmic ring structures, and the stator ring harboring eleven stator units, adding to our growing catalog of bacterial flagellar diversity.
Comparison of four commercially available chromogenic media to identify Candida albicans and other medically relevant Candida species
Authors: Scharmann Ulrike , Kirchhoff Lisa , Chapot Valerie le Saout , Dziobaka Jan , Verhasselt Hedda Luise , Stauf Raphael , Buer Jan , Steinmann Joerg , Rath Peter‐Michael 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe number of invasive Candida infections has significantly increased in recent decades. For the successful treatment of fungal infections, rapid identification at the species level, particularly in polyfungal infections, is a key factor.In this study, four commercially available chromogenic media, CandiSelect™ 4 (CS4), chromID™ Candida Agar (CCA), BBL™ CHROMagar™ Candida Medium (BBL) and Brilliance™ Candida Agar (BCA) were evaluated for Candida identification.Material/MethodsOverall, 181 bronchial secretion samples from intensive care patients were analysed prospectively. In addition, 18 primarily sterile materials, previously tested positive for Candida, were investigated retrospectively. All samples were cultured as recommended by the manufacturer and visually inspected after 24 and 48 hours by three independent investigators. As a control, colonies were identified by MALDI‐TOF MS. Specificity and sensitivity were determined for C albicans identification prospectively.ResultsCS4 and BCA showed the best overall consensus with the identification results reached by MALDI‐TOF MS for Candida albicans and species. A clear differentiation between the species could be ascertained via easily identifiable, species‐specific coloration in contrast to BBL and CCA. Sensitivity for C albicans (n = 73) identification varied between 32% (BCA) and 69% (CS4 and CCA) after 24 hours and 68% (BBL) and 82% (BCA) after 48 hours incubation, while specificity ranged between 62% (BBL) and 81% (CCA) after 24 hours and 82% (BBL) and 85% (CS4) after 48 hours.ConclusionCS4 and BCA are recommended for routine identification of Candida species in human samples.
Periodontitis in tonsil cancer patients—A comparative study in accordance with tumour p16 status
Authors: Keinänen Arvi , Marinescu‐Gava Magdalena , Uittamo Johanna , Hagström Jaana , Marttila Emilia , Snäll Johanna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe assessed the periodontal situation radiologically according to tumour p16 status.Materials and methodsPatients with a diagnosis of tonsillar cancer and availability of a digital panoramic radiograph (DPR) during a 5‐year period were included in this retrospective study. The predictor variables were periodontal stability, marginal bone loss, marginal bone loss without periodontal stability and total number of teeth. Periodontal status was compared with p16 status, age, gender, smoking and alcohol use.ResultsAmong 115 patients included in the analyses (p16‐negative, n = 24; p16‐positive, n = 91), smoking (p < .0001), heavy alcohol use (p < .0001) and total number of teeth (p = .0001) were significantly associated with p16 status. Current smoking (OR = 7.3) and heavy alcohol use (OR = 10.1) increased the risk of p16‐negative cancer.ConclusionsPatients with p16‐negative tonsillar carcinoma had less teeth than patients with p16‐positive tumours. Other periodontal findings were common in both groups without statistical significance. Heavy alcohol use and smoking were the most important risk factors for p16‐negative tonsillar carcinoma.