bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in the Design of 3D‐Structured Electrode Materials for Lithium‐Metal Anodes
Authors: Park Sunwoo , Jin Hyoung‐Joon , Yun Young Soo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough the lithium‐metal anode (LMA) can deliver a high theoretical capacity of ≈3860 mAh g−1 at a low redox potential of −3.040 V (vs the standard hydrogen electrode), its application in rechargeable batteries is hindered by the poor Coulombic efficiency and safety issues caused by dendritic metal growth. Consequently, careful electrode design, electrolyte engineering, solid‐electrolyte interface control, protective layer introduction, and other strategies are suggested as possible solutions. In particular, one should note the great potential of 3D‐structured electrode materials, which feature high active specific surface areas and stereoscopic structures with multitudinous lithiophilic sites and can therefore facilitate rapid Li‐ion flux and metal nucleation as well as mitigate Li dendrite formation through the kinetic control of metal deposition even at high local current densities. This progress report reviews the design of 3D‐structured electrode materials for LMA according to their categories, namely 1) metal‐based materials, 2) carbon‐based materials, and 3) their hybrids, and allows the results obtained under different experimental conditions to be seen at a single glance, thus being helpful for researchers working in related fields.
Expandable Polymer Assisted Wearable Personalized Medicinal Platform
Authors: Babatain Wedyan , Gumus Abdurrahman , Wicaksono Irmandy , Buttner Ulrich , El‐atab Nazek , Rehman Mutee Ur , Qaiser Nadeem , Conchouso David , Hussain Muhammad Mustafa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConventional healthcare, thoughts of treatment, and practice of medicine largely rely on the traditional concept of one size fits all. Personalized medicine is an emerging therapeutic approach that aims to develop a therapeutic technique that provides tailor‐made therapy based on everyone’s individual needs by delivering the right drug at the right time with the right amount of dosage. Advancement in technologies such as wearable biosensors, point‐of‐care diagnostics, microfluidics, and artificial intelligence can enable the realization of effective personalized therapy. However, currently, there is a lack of a personalized minimally invasive wearable closed‐loop drug delivery system that is continuous, automated, conformal to the skin, and cost‐effective. Here, design, fabrication, optimization, and application of a personalized medicinal platform augmented with flexible biosensors, heaters, expandable actuator and processing units powered by a lightweight battery are shown. The platform provides precise drug delivery and preparation with spatiotemporal control over the administered dose as a response to real‐time physiological changes of the individual. The system is conformal to the skin, and the drug is transdermally administered through an integrated microneedle. The developed platform is fabricated using rapid, cost‐effective techniques that are independent of advanced microfabrication facilities to expand its applications to low‐resource environments.
Roll‐to‐Roll (R2R) Production of Large‐Area High‐Performance Piezoelectric Films Based on Vertically Aligned Nanocolumn Forests
Authors: Yildirim Armen , Grant Jesse C. , Shams Es‐haghi Siamak , Lee Wojae , Maruthamuthu Murali Kannan , Verma Mohit , Sutherland John W. , Cakmak Mukerrem 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe recent advances in flexible piezoelectric technologies have sparked a great interest in developing multifunctional next‐generation transducers, which are in high demand for various challenging applications. Here, novel quasi 1–3 piezoelectric films with record‐high piezoelectric voltage coefficients (g33), reaching up to 0.709 Vm N−1, ≈20% greater than the recently reported highest g33 value in the literature, are reported. These composites are constructed via dielectrophoretic alignment of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) particles enhanced by graphene nanoplatelets, leading to densely structured cone‐shaped nanocolumn forests in the thickness direction. To demonstrate its potential applications, both structured and randomly dispersed samples are characterized and used in various applications ranging from energy harvesting to structural and personal health monitoring. Furthermore, when placed on the sensor surface, the oriented piezoelectric films are shown to detect even the slight movements of a small‐sized insect, demonstrating the ultrasensitivity of the system. Finally, to show the scalability of the dielectrophoretic process, a large area sample (12 ft long and 6‐in.‐wide) is also produced continuously via a novel multifunctional custom designed roll‐to‐roll manufacturing line. To the best of the knowledge, this is the largest single piece of piezoelectric film ever reported in the literature.
Numerical Development of Concentric Cylinder‐Shaped Dual‐Functional Catalyst Structure for Enhanced Charge Transport in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Authors: Shin Seungho , Liu Jiawen , Chung Sung‐Jae , Um Sukkee 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDual‐functional catalyst bilayers of vertical concentric cylinders are proposed and numerically developed using a stochastic modeling approach to improve catalyst utilization for advanced fuel cell applications. A cylindrically bilayered catalyst structure wherein the ion transport materials are confined by concentric outer carbon shells is adopted to increase the number of interconnected electron and ion transport paths. For reliable statistical analysis, each data point is extracted from a set of 25 catalyst layer models to achieve a 95% confidence level. The nanoscale morphologies of the ionomers, including interconnected ion transport networks, surface coverage, and electrochemically active surface areas, are quantitatively evaluated. The statistical investigations reveal that the bilayered cylindrical catalyst structures provide more uniform and improved transport paths for ions and reactants when compared with established catalyst layers. Specifically, the additional ion transport channels in the core of the concentric vertical cylinder enhance catalyst utilization under insufficient ionomer conditions. Furthermore, the bilayered catalyst structures yield remarkably enlarged electrochemically active surface areas, hence facilitating more efficient electron, ion, and reactant transfers to improve catalyst utilization.
Modeling the contributions of nitrogen mineralization to yield of corn
Authors: White Charles M. , Finney Denise M. , Kemanian Armen R. , Kaye Jason P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNitrogen (N) mineralized from soil organic matter (SOM) and crop residues is an important source of N to crop nutrition but historically has been difficult to account for in N fertilizer recommendation systems. Here we propose and test relatively simple biogeochemical models that predict the contribution of N mineralization in supporting the yield of corn (Zea mays L.). The models are specifically designed to use soil and cover crop measurements that are easily accessible to farmers and agronomists, including soil carbon (C) concentration, 24‐h CO2 respiration of a dried and rewetted soil sample, soil texture, and cover crop biomass N content and C/N ratio. We calibrated the models to explain variation of and predict unfertilized corn yield using a dataset of 73 observations compiled from nine experiments conducted in different sites and growing seasons in Pennsylvania. A model using soil C to calculate contributions of SOM mineralization to N supply predicted unfertilized corn yields more accurately than a model using the 24‐h CO2 respiration (r2 = .62 vs. .47; RMSE = 1.58 vs. 1.87 Mg ha−1, respectively). Soil sand content played an important role in the models by regulating the humification efficiency, a term that partitions decomposing C and N between microbially assimilated and mineralized pools. These models are prototypes for a new generation of N decision support tools that answer many of the shortcomings of current N fertilizer recommendation systems and offer a novel step forward in N fertility management.
Generalized initialization for the dynamic simulation and optimization of grade transition processes using two‐dimensional collocation
Authors: Lin Xiaowen , Chen Xi , Biegler Lorenz T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOptimization modeling tools are essential to determine optimal design specifications and operation conditions of polymerization processes, especially when quality indices based on molecular weight distributions (MWDs) must be enforced. This study proposes a generalized MWD‐based optimization strategy using orthogonal collocation in two dimensions, which can capture the dynamic features of MWDs accurately. To enable the strategy, this study considers generalized initialization methods for large‐scale simulation and optimization. Here, a homotopy method based on intermediate solutions is adopted to generate initial values for general steady‐state simulation models, starting from an arbitrary known solution for any steady‐state simulation model. For dynamic simulation models, the response of a first‐order linear system is adopted to initialize the state variables. Case studies show the effectiveness of this procedure to enable systematic, reliable, and efficient solution of the optimization problem.
Foraging behavior and pollination efficiency of generalist insects in an understory dioecious shrubHelwingia japonica
Authors: Wu Ting , Tang Ju , Huang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: September 2020

PremiseIt has been hypothesized that pollination success in animal‐pollinated dioecious plants relies on opportunistic pollinators with no discrimination against female flowers. However, empirical studies of pollinator foraging behavior and pollination effectiveness in dioecious species are few.MethodsTo investigate potential pollinators inHelwingia japonica, a dioecious shrub with small, inconspicuous flowers, we compared floral visitors and visit frequency to female and male plants for three flowering seasons in two field populations in subtropical forests in southwest China. Pollen placement on the insect bodies of four groups (solitary bees and other bees, fungus gnats, and other flies) was compared, and insect foraging behavior was observed. Pollen removal and conspecific and heterospecific pollen deposition per visit were measured to compare pollination effectiveness among the four groups.ResultsFloral visitors usually did not discriminate between male and female flowers and did not gather pollen into collections. Our measurements of pollen transfer efficiency showed that solitary bees were the most effective pollinators with the highest conspecific pollen deposition. These insects seemed to be opportunistic visitors because pollen grains ofH. japonicawere distributed evenly over different regions of the visitor’s body, and heterospecific pollen accounted for over 50% of total pollen loads on stigmas in the two populations.ConclusionsOur investigations indicated that potential pollinators were generalists and did not discriminate against female flowers, as predicted for dioecious species pollinated by insects. A perspective of pollen removal by floral visitors offers insights into the evolution of plant sexual systems.
On characterizing root function in perennial horticultural crops
Authors: Lavely Emily K. , Chen Weile , Peterson K. Aysha , Klodd Annie E. , Volder Astrid , Marini Richard P. , Eissenstat David M. 
Published: September 2020

PremiseWhile root‐order approaches to fine‐root classification have shown wide utility among wild plants, they have seen limited use for perennial crop plants. Moreover, inadequate characterization of fine roots across species of domesticated perennial crops has led to a knowledge gap in the understanding of evolutionary and functional patterns associated with different fine‐root orders.MethodsWe examined fine‐root traits of common horticultural fruit and nut crops:Malus×domestica,Prunus persica,Vitus vinifera,Prunus dulcis, andCitrus×clementina. Additional roots were sampled from 33 common perennial horticultural crops, native to tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions, to examine variation in 1st‐ and 2nd‐order absorptive roots.ResultsFirst‐order roots of grape and 1st‐ and 2nd‐order roots of apple and peach were consistently thin, nonwoody, mycorrhizal, and had high N:C ratios. In contrast, 4th‐ and 5th‐order roots of grape and 5th‐order roots of apple and peach were woody, nonmycorrhizal, had low N:C ratios, and were thicker than lower‐order roots. Among the 33 horticultural species, diameter of 1st‐ and 2nd‐order roots varied about 15‐fold, ranging from 0.04 to 0.60 mm and 0.05 to 0.89 mm respectively. This variation generally was phylogenetically conserved across plant lineages.ConclusionsCollectively, our research shows that root‐order characterization has considerably more utility than an arbitrary diameter cutoff for identifying roots of different functions in perennial horticultural crops. In addition, much of the variation in root diameter among species can be predicted by evolutionary relationships.
Youth Participatory Approaches and Health Equity: Conceptualization and Integrative Review
Authors: Ozer Emily J. , Abraczinskas Michelle , Duarte Catherine , Mathur Ruchika , Ballard Parissa Jahromi , Gibbs Lisa , Olivas Elijah T. , Bewa Marlene Joannie , Afifi Rima 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is an array of youth participatory approaches relevant to health equity efforts in community psychology, adolescent health, youth development, and education. While they share some commonalities, they also reflect important distinctions regarding key processes and intended level of impact. Here, we consider the following: (a) youth‐led participatory action research (YPAR), (b) youth organizing (YO), (c) youth‐led planning, (d) human‐centered design, (e) participatory arts, and (f) youth advisory boards. Informed by community psychology theories on empowerment and levels of change and social epidemiology frameworks that focus on the social determinants of health inequities, we aim to promote greater clarity in the conceptualization, implementation, and evaluation of youth participatory approaches; frame the “landscape” of youth participatory approaches and their similarities and differences; present an integrative review of the evidence regarding the impact of youth participatory approaches; and describe several illustrative cases so as to consider more deeply how some youth participatory approaches aim to influence the social determinants of health that lead to the physical embodiment of health inequities. We conclude by identifying areas of future policy‐ and practice‐relevant research for advancing youth participation and health equity.
Association between blood lead level during pregnancy and birth weight: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Duo , Fu Xi , Zhang Jun , Xu Chengfang , Hu Qiansheng , Lin Weiwei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to provide a quantitative summary of evidence for a relationship between prenatal lead (Pb) exposure and birth weight.MethodsPubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for eligible epidemiological studies. We transformed findings in eligible studies with different effect‐size metrics to standardized regression coefficients, and used fixed‐effects or random‐effects models to assess the pooled effects of prenatal Pb exposure on birth weight.ResultsThere was a significant negative association between prenatal Pb exposure and birth weight. Birth weight reduction was associated with elevated lead levels in maternal blood (β = −0.094; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.157 to −0.030) and cord blood (β = −0.120; 95% CI: −0.239 to −0.001).ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis is the first to provide a quantitative assessment of Pb exposure during pregnancy and an increased risk of lower birth weight.
The first familial case of inherited intellectual developmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and behavioral abnormalities (IDDFBA) with a novel FBXO11 variant
Authors: Lee Cha Gon , Seol Chang Ahn , Ki Chang‐Seok 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntellectual developmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and behavioral abnormalities (IDDFBA) caused by germline de novo variants in FBXO11 was recently recognized as a novel intellectual disability (ID) syndrome through reverse phenotyping after whole‐exome sequencing (WES). Fewer than 50 disease‐causing de novo FBXO11 variants in IDDFBA are reported thus far. Here, we present the first report of a family showing autosomal dominantly inherited IDDFBA, harboring a novel heterozygous variant in FBXO11 (c.2401_2405dup;p. Gly803Leufs*6) identified by WES. In this family, the mother and two daughters showed mild ID and mild facial dysmorphism. This finding is expected to increase our understanding of the genotype–phenotype of IDDFBA and to facilitate genetic counseling for the disorder caused by FBXO11.
Recurrent constellations of embryonic malformations re‐conceptualized as an overlapping group of disorders with shared pathogenesis
Authors: Adam Aaron P. , Curry Cynthia J. , Hall Judith G. , Keppler‐Noreuil Kim M. , Adam Margaret P. , Dobyns William B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeveral recurrent malformation associations affecting the development of the embryo have been described in which a genetic etiology has not been found, including LBWC, MURCS, OAVS, OEIS, POC, VACTERL, referred to here as “recurrent constellations of embryonic malformations” (RCEM). All are characterized by an excess of reported monozygotic discordant twins and lack of familial recurrence. We performed a comprehensive review of published twin data across all six phenotypes to allow a more robust assessment of the association with twinning and potential embryologic timing of a disruptive event. We recorded the type of twinning, any overlapping features of another RCEM, maternal characteristics, and the use of ART. Statistically significant associations included an excess of monozygotic twins and 80% discordance rate for the phenotype across all twins. There was an 18.5% rate of ART and no consistently reported maternal adverse events during pregnancy. We found 24 instances of co‐occurrence of two RCEM, suggesting a shared pathogenesis across all RCEM phenotypes. We hypothesize the following timing for RCEM phenotypes from the earliest perturbation in development to the latest: LBWC, POC, OEIS, VACTERL, OAVS, then MURCS. The RCEM group of conditions should be considered a spectrum that could be studied as a group.
A diagnostic approach to syndromic retinal dystrophies with intellectual disability
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Ru , Benson Matthew D. , MacDonald Ian M. , Innes A. Micheil 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInherited retinal dystrophies are a group of monogenic disorders that, as a whole, contribute significantly to the burden of ocular disease in both pediatric and adult patients. In their syndromic forms, retinal dystrophies can be observed in association with intellectual disability, frequently alongside other systemic manifestations. There are now over 80 genes implicated in syndromic retinal dystrophies with intellectual disability. Identifying and accurately characterizing these disorders allows the clinician to narrow the differential diagnosis, evaluate for relevant associated features, arrive at a timely and accurate diagnosis, and address both sight‐threatening ocular manifestations and morbidity‐causing systemic manifestations. The co‐occurrence of retinal dystrophy and intellectual disability in an individual can be challenging to investigate, diagnose, and counsel given the considerable phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity that exists within this broad group of disorders. We performed a review of the current literature and propose an algorithm to facilitate the evaluation, and clinical and mechanistic classification, of these individuals.
A HClO4‐Catalyzed Substitutive Phosphorylation of Anthracene‐9‐ols with P(O)−H Compounds to Phosphorylated 9,10‐Dihydroanthracenes
Authors: Zou Yun‐Xiang , Ni Hai‐Liang , Dong Hong‐Bo , Yang Xin‐Yue , Chen Long 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA highly efficient HClO4 catalysed substitutive phosphorylation of S‐, O‐ and N‐based anthracene‐9‐ols with P(O)−H species has been developed to afford phosphorylated 9,10‐dihydroanthracenes with a tetra‐ or trisubstituted carbon centre in good to excellent yields, which serves as a good complement to the established protocols that are limited to tertiary phosphorylated 9,10‐dihydroanthracenes. Gram‐scale synthesis and further elaboration highlight its synthetic utility.
External Reductant‐free Stepwise [3+2] Cycloaddition/Reductive Cyclization from 2‐Nitrochalcones and Isocyanides: Synthesis of Pyrrolo[3,4‐c]quinoline N‐oxides
Authors: Sheng Xinyao , Xu Qi , Lin Ziwen , Hu Zhongyan , Pan Ling , Liu Qun , Li Yifei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA novel and unprecedented route for the synthesis of pyrrolo[3,4‐c]quinoline N‐oxides is described. The synthetic approach involves a stepwise [3+2] cycloaddition/reductive cyclization from readily available 2‐nitrochalcones and activated methylene isocyanides. The unique feature of this transformation is the reductive cyclization of C−N bond forming without any external reductants. Moreover, the application of pyrrolo[3,4‐c]quinoline N‐oxides is realized to formed pyrrolo[3,4‐c]quinoline derivatives.
Analysis of Assumptions in BIG Bell Test Experiments
Authors: Sołtan Stanisław , Dopierała Dawid , Bednorz Adam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecently, a group of experiments tested local realism with random choices prepared by humans. These various tests were subject to additional assumptions, which lead to loopholes in the interpretations of almost all of the experiments. Among these assumptions are fair sampling, no signaling, and faithful reproduction of a Bell‐type quantum model. The data from 9 of 13 experiments were examined and occurring anomalies were analyzed in view of the above assumptions. It is concluded that further tests of local realism need better setup calibration to avoid apparent signaling or necessity of the complicated underlying quantum model.
Site‐Selective Modification of Peptides and Proteins via Interception of Free‐Radical‐Mediated Dechalcogenation
Authors: Griffiths Rhys C. , Smith Frances R. , Long Jed E. , Williams Huw E. L. , Layfield Robert , Mitchell Nicholas J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe development of site‐selective chemistry targeting the canonical amino acids enables the controlled installation of desired functionalities into native peptides and proteins. Such techniques facilitate the development of polypeptide conjugates to advance therapeutics, diagnostics, and fundamental science. We report a versatile and selective method to functionalize peptides and proteins through free‐radical‐mediated dechalcogenation. By exploiting phosphine‐induced homolysis of the C−Se and C−S bonds of selenocysteine and cysteine, respectively, we demonstrate the site‐selective installation of groups appended to a persistent radical trap. The reaction is rapid, operationally simple, and chemoselective. The resulting aminooxy linker is stable under a variety of conditions and selectively cleavable in the presence of a low‐oxidation‐state transition metal. We have explored the full scope of this reaction using complex peptide systems and a recombinantly expressed protein.