bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Similarity of salivary microbiome in parents and adult children
Authors: Sundström Kati , Mishra Pashupati P. , Pyysalo Mikko J. , Lehtimäki Terho , Karhunen Pekka J. , Pessi Tanja 
Published: April 2020

Background
Human saliva contains approximately 700 bacterial species. It has been reported that the salivary microbiome of a large family of closely related individuals consisting of multiple households is similar but the relatedness of salivary bacteria between generations of parents and their children has not yet been investigated. The objectives were to investigate the entirety of salivary bacterial DNA profiles and whether and how families share these profiles and also compare these communities between grandparents and their first daughter generations (F1) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.

Results
The most abundant phyla in two separate families were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria. Family ties explained 13% of the variance between individuals’ bacterial communities (R2 = 0.13; P = 0.001). Mothers shared more OTUs with adult children compared to fathers, but this linkage seemed to be weaker in the nuclear family with older adult children. We identified 29 differentially abundant genus level OTUs (FDR < 0.05) between families, which accounted for 31% of the total identified genus level OTUs.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that adult family members share bacterial communities and adult children were more similar to mothers than fathers. The observed similarity in oral microbiome between parent–child pairs seemed to weaken over time. We suggest that our analysis approach is suitable for relatedness study of multigenerational salivary bacteria microbiome.
Revision of the mollisoniid chelicerate(?) Thelxiope, with a new species from the middle Cambrian Wheeler Formation of Utah
Authors: Lerosey-Aubril Rudy , Skabelund Jacob , Ortega-Hernández Javier 
Published: April 2020

The recent re-interpretation of the Lower Palaeozoic euarthropod group Mollisonia as belonging to Chelicerata has triggered a renewed interest for the poorly known family Mollisoniidae. In this contribution, we revise the anatomy, taxonomic diversity, and systematics of Thelxiope, the sister-taxon of Mollisonia. This mollisoniid genus comprises four species, and is characterized by the presence of one cephalic, seven thoracic (one per tergite), and three pygidial long sagittal spines. The type species, T. palaeothalassia Simonetta & Delle Cave, is a rare taxon in the Wuliuan Burgess Shale Formation of Canada, which can be recognized by the hypertrophy of a single of its sagittal spines, the posteriomost one. T. spinosa (Conway Morris & Robison)–a species originally assigned to a distinct genus ‘Ecnomocaris’ herein synonymised with Thelxiope–is known from a single specimen found in the Drumian Wheeler Formation of the House Range of Utah. It differs from the type-species in the hypertrophy of both the anteriormost (cephalic) and the posteriormost (third pygidial) sagittal spines. The same Wheeler strata have also yielded a single specimen of a new taxon, T. holmani sp. nov., which lacks hypertrophied sagittal spines and features blunt thoracic tergopleural tips. A putative fourth species, referred to Thelxiope sp. nov. A, extends the stratigraphical range of Thelxiope to the Lower Ordovician (Tremadocian), and its palaeographic range to West Gondwana. Currently under study, this relatively common component of the lower Fezouata Shale fauna is only briefly discussed. Features characterizing the genus Thelxiope and its components almost exclusively pertain to the sagittal spines, for the scarcity and inconsistent preservation of the Cambrian materials as-yet available preclude a confident assessment of the variability of other morphological features. The pygidium in Thelxiope and Mollisonia is not composed of four, but three tergites essentially similar to thoracic ones, except for the lack of articulations.
Reduced fish diversity despite increased fish biomass in a Gulf of California Marine Protected Area
Authors: Ramírez-Ortiz Georgina , Reyes-Bonilla Héctor , Balart Eduardo F. , Olivier Damien , Huato-Soberanis Leonardo , Micheli Fiorenza , Edgar Graham J. 
Published: April 2020

Multi-use marine protected areas (MUMPAs) are a commonly applied tool for marine conservation in developing countries, particularly where large no-take reserves are not socially or politically feasible. Although MUMPAs have produced benefits around the world, the persistence of moderate fishing pressure reduces the likelihood of achieving the primary objective of these areas, which is the conservation of ecosystems. In this study we used traditional and functional metrics to evaluate how fish assemblages changed through time in a MUMPA, including shifts in species responses and in ecological processes. We conducted visual censuses of fishes at Espíritu Santo Island, México (MUMPA;N = 320; 24°N, 110°W) from 2005 to 2017 to assess fish richness, size-distribution and density. Three functional indices were calculated using six traits (size, mobility, period of activity, aggregation, position in water column and diet): functional richness (volume occupied by species), dispersion (complementarity between species) and originality (inverse of functional redundancy). We compared fish diversity among three management zone types (sustainable fishing, traditional fishing and no-take zones), through a 13-year period, assessing which species increased or decreased in occurrence, density, and biomass, and how indices respond over time. Despite a general increase in biomass and stability in density and originality, we detected a reduction in fish biodiversity in the form of declines in species and functional richness, which could imply the risk of local extinction and decrease in certain ecosystem processes. In addition, changes in functional dispersion showed that some functions are losing representation through time. Although no single cause is apparent, such factors as competitive interactions, habitat loss and persistence of fishing pressure potentially explain these decreases. The rise in biomass was associated with a general increase in the average size, rather than increased biomass of commercial species, as the latter remained stable during the study period. Expansion of no-take areas, enforcement of fishing regulations, and surveillance in core zones, should be implemented to reverse the decline in particular species and to promote conservation of fish functional diversity in this MUMPA.
Programmable Synapse‐Like MoS2 Field‐Effect Transistors Phase‐Engineered by Dynamic Lithium Ion Modulation
Authors: Park Hyunik , Kim Jihyun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSynaptic transistors, inspired by brain plasticity, have shown strong potential as neuromorphic computing elements. Employing 2D materials for synaptic devices can provide an additional degree‐of‐freedom for monolithically integrated circuits owing to their atomically thin body and suitable electrical properties. Herein, a programmable molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) field‐effect transistor (FET) that emulates synaptic interaction via phase engineering, which is assisted by field‐driven ionic modulation, is reported. Li+ ions selectively introduced into the van der Waals gap of the multilayer MoS2 convert the 2H phase (semiconducting) into the 1T' phase (metallic), resulting in a seamless and reversible 1T'/2H heterophase homojunction device. The 1T'‐MoS2 region exhibits dynamic resistive switching behavior in a non‐volatile fashion with a switching ratio of ≈10 owing to the Li+ ion redistribution under the applied electric field. By controlling the Schottky barrier height of the 1T'‐MoS2 channel, the behaviors of the monolithically integrated 1T'/2H‐MoS2 FET can be programmed with non‐volatility. The 1T'/2H‐MoS2 heterophase homojunction device shows multilevel current output with a multistate computing window, indicating its potential as a stable multilevel neuro synaptic device. These results could enable the development of highly functional and energy‐efficient neuromorphic systems via the monolithic integration of 2D materials.
The effects of iron sulfate heptahydrate water carrier volumes on Microdochium patch suppression and turfgrass quality
Authors: Mattox Clint , Kowalewski Alec , McDonald Brian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMicrodochium patch is a turfgrass disease caused by the fungal pathogen Microdochium nivale (Fries) Samuels & I.C. Hallett that occurs most commonly in cool‐humid regions such as the Pacific Northwest. Fungicide applications are the predominant method of controlling this disease, although alternatives to fungicides are desired in areas where pesticide restrictions occur. Previous research has shown that 97.6 kg FeSO4·7H2O ha−1 applied every 2 wk in 814 L ha−1 water carrier suppresses Microdochium patch; however, turfgrass thinning occurred. The objective of this trial was to determine if higher water carrier volumes would mitigate turfgrass thinning while still suppressing Microdochium patch. This field trial quantified the effects of four different water carrier volumes of 97.6 kg FeSO4·7H2O ha−1 applied every 2 wk on the suppression of Microdochium patch, percent green cover, and turfgrass quality of an annual bluegrass putting green in Western Oregon. This research demonstrated that 97.6 kg FeSO4·7H2O ha−1 applied every 2 wk suppressed Microdochium patch on annual bluegrass putting greens to equivalent levels regardless of water carrier volumes ranging from 1019 to 4075 L ha−1. Higher percent green cover was also observed when higher water carrier volumes (3056 or 4075 L ha−1) were used. While iron sulfate heptahydrate treatments suppressed Microdochium patch to less than one percent disease throughout the trial, no water carrier volume reduced annual bluegrass thinning enough to be considered acceptable for golf course putting greens.
Agronomic efficiency of organomineral fertilizer in sequential grain crops in southern Brazil
Authors: Mumbach Gilmar L. , Gatiboni Luciano C. , de Bona Fabiano D. , Schmitt Djalma E. , Corrêa Juliano C. , Gabriel Camila A. , Dall'Orsoletta Daniel J. , Iochims Daniel A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe use of organomineral fertilizers in agriculture instead of mineral fertilizers is a way to add organic compounds to the soil, potentially improving its properties and crop production. Our objective was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of an organomineral fertilizer manufactured from poultry litter and mineral fertilizers. The experiment was carried out in a Humic Cambisol in the subtropical region of Brazil, with high organic matter content, low phosphorus content, and very high potassium content. The study consisted of six treatments: mineral fertilizer (monoammonium phosphate, KCl, and urea), at rates of 100 and 150% of the technical recommendation; organic fertilizer (poultry litter), at 100% rate; organomineral fertilizer (poultry litter + monoammonium phosphate), at rates of 100 and 150%; and control treatment (without fertilization). Between 2015 and 2017, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and corn (Zea mays L.) were sequentially cultivated. Before performing the experiment and at the end of the fourth crop, chemical properties of the soil were analyzed in the 0‐ to 10‐ and 10‐ to 20‐cm layers. The use of fertilizers increased crop yield, but there was no difference between the three fertilizer sources or between the 100 and 150% rates of the technical recommendation. Chemical properties of the soil were altered in a similar manner with fertilization, regardless of the fertilizer source used. According to the results, the organomineral fertilizer can replace mineral fertilizers with equivalent performance.
Accelerated Optimization Methods for Force‐Field Parametrization in Battery Electrode Manufacturing Modeling
Authors: Lombardo Teo , Hoock Jean‐Baptiste , Primo Emiliano N. , Ngandjong Alain C. , Duquesnoy Marc , Franco Alejandro A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe performance, durability and cost of modern Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) strongly depend on their manufacturing process. In this regard, computational methods that attempt to model LIBs manufacturing have the potential to help experimentalists to reduce costs and improve performances of LIBs. To do so, the electrode slurry phase, consisting of a suspension of active material, carbon additive and binder in a solvent must be modeled at first at the mesoscopic scale. However, efforts in that sense are rare in literature due to the inherent complexity of slurries and the difficulty of setting up appropriate metrics for the validation of the modeling results. For the first time, we propose an approach relying on experimental data that allows to validate the properties of simulated Nickel‐Manganese‐Cobalt‐based slurries with different compositions and solid contents through force fields (FFs) parametrization. The latter was attained by Coarse‐Grained Molecular Dynamics (CGMD), which enables to model the slurry phase at the mesoscopic scale and to consider explicitly the carbon binder domain. Moreover, we demonstrate that the CGMD FFs parameterization can be accelerated thanks to different types of Particle Swarm Optimization‐based algorithms, which would allow faster screening of different simulated slurries fabrication conditions.
The impact of demographic, anthropometric and athletic characteristics on left atrial size in athletes
Authors: Christou Georgios A. , O'Driscoll Jamie M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe structural adaptations of the “athlete's heart” include left atrial (LA) enlargement. A literature search was performed based on PubMed listings up to November 2, 2019 using “athletes AND left atrium,” “athletes AND LA,” “sports AND left atrium,” “sports AND LA,” “exercise AND left atrium,” and “exercise AND LA” as the search terms. Eligible studies included those reporting the influence of demographic, anthropometric and athletic characteristics on LA size in athletes. A total of 58 studies were included in this review article. Although LA volume has been reported to be greater in males compared to females when indexed for body surface area (BSA), there was no difference between sexes. The positive association between LA size and age in athletes may reflect the increase in body size with maturation in nonadult athletes and the training age of endurance athletic activity in adult athletes. Caucasian and black athletes have been demonstrated to exhibit similar LA enlargement. The positive association of LA size with lean body mass (LBM) possibly accounts for the relationship of LA size with BSA. LA enlargement has been reported only in endurance‐trained, but not in strength‐trained athletes. LA size appears to increase with an increase in both the volume and intensity of endurance training. LA size correlates independently with the training age of endurance athletes. The athlete's characteristics that independently determine LA size include LBM, endurance training, and training age.
Aminopolymer Confined in Ethane‐Silica Nanotubes for CO2 Capture from Ambient Air
Authors: Liu Lina , Chen Jian , Tao Lin , Li He , Yang Qihua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDirect air capture as the only way for reducing current CO2 concentration in air is very challenging, however, due to the low CO2 concentration (ca. 400 ppm). Herein, we reported an efficient adsorbent for CO2 capture, which was prepared by the encapsulation of polyethylenimine (PEI) in ethane‐silica nanotubes with diameter less than 10 nm. Compared with bulk mesoporous silicas/ethane‐silicas, the PEI tends to be highly dispersed in the nanotubes due to the co‐existence of both tubular channels and intervoid space. Consequently, the PEI encapsulated in nanotubes showed much higher N efficiency (0.22 mol CO2/mol N at 30 °C and 0.1 bar) and CO2 uptake capacity than that encapsulated in the bulk mesoporous silicas. It was also observed that the dispersed PEI not directly interacted with the pore wall, afforded high N efficiency. Results of the breakthrough experiments using simulated air (400 ppm CO2/N2) showed that PEI encapsulated in nanotubes with CO2 uptake capacity of 1.0 mmol/g, fast equilibrium time and high stability are promising for CO2 capture from air.
Expanding the canon: Lady K'abel the Ix Kaloomte’ and the political narratives of classic Maya Queens
Authors: Navarro‐Farr Olivia C. , Kelly Mary Kate , Rich Michelle , Pérez Robles Griselda 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe consider how a feminist perspective permits appreciation for and reflection on the complex and often understated ways in which Classic‐era (∼CE 250‐80) royal Maya women contributed to processes of statecraft. Our work centers on archaeological and epigraphic evidence for the life of one important royal woman, Ix Kaloomte’ K'abel of Waka’ whose reign was one of the most influential of the Late Classic Period (∼CE 550‐800). In reviewing the lines of evidence which detail her political life as a ruler, we consider parallels with other important royal women of the period. We argue a feminist approach permits working beyond unacknowledged presentist biases to consider the ways in which these women actively crafted state politics alongside their male counterparts.
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering of M2–pyrazine–M2 (M = Cu, Ag, Au): Analysis by natural perturbation orbitals and density functional theory functional dependence
Authors: Miyamoto Masaya , Hada Masahiko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHere, we propose a new method to analyze various electronic properties of molecules based on natural perturbation orbitals (NPOs). We applied the proposed method to chemical enhancement of the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) intensity of M2–pyrazine–M2 (M = Cu, Ag, Au) complexes. The SERS intensity can be effectively decomposed into the contributions of four NPO pairs (1σ–1σ*, 2σ–2σ*, 1π–1π*, and 2π–2π*), so NPO analysis makes the SERS intensity much easier to understand than by conventional canonical molecular orbitals. Moreover, we analyzed the dependence of the density functional theory functional on the SERS intensity. For the Ag2–pyrazine–Ag2 complex, the BP86 functional overestimates the Raman intensity by about 23 times compared with coupled‐cluster singles and doubles level of theory, while the CAM‐B3LYP functional gives moderately accurate values. This overestimation arises from the inaccuracy of the energy derivative along the normal vibrational mode.
Cleaved endocan acts as a biologic competitor of endocan in the control of ICAM-1-dependent leukocyte diapedesis
Authors: Gaudet Alexandre , Portier Lucie , Mathieu Daniel , Hureau Maxence , Tsicopoulos Anne , Lassalle Philippe , De Freitas Caires Nathalie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Dysregulated leukocyte diapedesis is a major contributor to acute severe inflammatory states like sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, which are common conditions in critically ill subjects. Endocan is a circulating proteoglycan that binds to the leukocyte integrin LFA-1 and blocks its interaction with its endothelial ligand ICAM-1, subsequently leading to the inhibition of leukocyte recruitment. Recent data have highlighted the hypothetic role of p14, endocan's major catabolite found in the bloodstream of septic patients, as a potential antagonist of endocan, thus participating in the regulation of acute inflammation. We hereby characterize the role of p14 as a biologic competitor of endocan, through assessment of its molecular interactions with LFA-1, endocan, and ICAM-1, as well as its effects on human leukocyte trafficking. Using immunodetection assay, we report that p14 can bind to LFA-1, thus inhibiting the interaction between LFA-1 and endocan, which in turn leads to the restoration of the ICAM-1/LFA-1 interaction. In primary human T cells trafficking assays, we underline the absence of effect of p14 on ICAM-1-dependent adhesion and migration, as well as on transendothelial migration. However, in those models, p14 reverses the antimigratory effect of endocan. To conclude, our study supports the hypothesis of an antagonistic role of p14 versus endocan in its effect on the LFA-1/ICAM-1-dependent human leukocyte recruitment.
Dielectric resonator antenna button textile antenna for off‐body applications
Authors: Mersani Ameni , Bouamara Wahida , Osman Lotfi , Ribero Jean‐Marc 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDielectric resonators have become very important thanks to the daily evolution of telecommunication systems which aim to continually reduce the size and the weight of systems, besides rising the frequency and the bandwidth. In this paper, a flexible antenna using dielectric resonator antenna is presented and designed using textile materials for wearable applications at the WLAN band. The designed antenna is meant to act like a button placed on the shoulders. A study on the antenna/body interaction beginning with a comparison of the performance of the free space antennas, as well as that of a phantom rectangle with the physical properties of the human body is verified. Next to that, an impressive gain of 5.4 dB is achieved at the operating frequency of 5.8 GHz. It has been confirmed that the specific absorption rate meets the standard. Another study on the influence of a mobile phone on the operation of the antenna has also been presented. These results were confirmed by the measurements.
NMR Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies on Tautomerism and Isomerism of Perfluoroalkyl‐Substituted 1,5‐Benzodiazepines
Authors: Desens Willi , Jiao Haijun , Langer Peter , Michalik Dirk 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe tautomerism and isomerism of several ethyl 2‐(4‐(perfluoroalkyl)dihydro‐2H‐benzo(naphtho)[b][1,4]diazepin‐2‐ylidene)acetates were investigated by 1H‐, 13C‐, 15N‐ and 19F‐NMR spectroscopy and DFT computations. Depending on the polarity and basicity of the solvent a different behaviour was observed. In CDCl3, (D6)acetone and CD3CN solution two chelate hydrogen bonded tautomers, the enaminoimine and the diaminodiene, were found to exist. In the polar and more basic solvents (D6)DMSO and (D7)DMF two further species, the chelate ring‐opened isomers, were detected. The ratio of the isomers is influenced by the solvents and the substituents at the chelate ring. The chelate enaminoimine is favoured in the less polar chloroform, whereas the chelate diaminodiene predominates with increasing polarity of solvents. The length of the perfluoroalkyl chain and the substituents of the phenyl ring do not influence the isomeric equilibrium as much as the chlorine atom in 4‐position. The structures of the isomers were unambiguously confirmed by one‐ and two‐dimensional techniques (1H,1H‐COSY, 1H,1H‐NOESY (EXSY), 1H,13C‐ and 1H,15N‐chemical shift correlation spectra (HSQC and HMBC)). The observed 15N NMR data are typical for enamines, amides and diazepines and additionally confirm the proposed structures of the four isomers. The time‐dependent course of the equilibration in DMSO solution was followed by recording 1H and 19F spectra. Calculated Gibbs free energies (ΔG) correlate essentially with our experimental findings.