bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ein neues kontinuierliches Dextrinierungsverfahren
Authors: Görner A. 
Published: October 2019

Summary

According to the present state of development batch methods are generally applied to the production of dextrin, with the dextrin roaster representing the main unit of the manufacturing process. The trends of development in designing dextrin roasters are briefly referred to.
Modern research techniques, however, tend to streamline operating processes to which batch methods have hitherto been applied.
To meet these requirements a new continuous process of manufacturing dextrin has been developed. This new process involves acidifying in a continuous flow system, predrying in a continuous predryer and roasting in a continuous roasting drum. The following cooling process is carried out in a continuously operatedvertical cooler. Pre‐sifting and re‐sifting is done by the use of plansifters. Interposed between the preceding operations are the mixing and moistening processes. This new process of manufacturing dextrin comprises a suction pneumatic conveying system, thus eliminating any handling by means of screw conveyors and elevators. This arrangement equally provides a good aeration of the whole dextrin plant as well as it extremely meets safety requirements.
Amount of acid, steam pressure (roasting temperature) and number of revolutions of roasting drum (retention time) vary depending upon the desired type of dextrin.
The most important assemblies for the new continuous dextrination process were described.

acidification apparatus
preliminary drier
cooker
cooling shaft
mixing and moistening shaft
Results of operation.The operation of the continuous dextrination process and the fluctuations in viscosity to be expected in permanent operation are described.
LED Lighting Across Borders. Exploring the Plea for Darkness and Value-Sensitive Design with Libbrecht’s Comparative Philosophy Model
Authors: Janssens Els , Stone Taylor , Yu Xue , Bombaerts Gunter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis chapter discusses how a comparative philosophical model can contribute to both substantive and procedural values in energy policy. We discuss the substantive values in the mainstream light-emitting diodes (LEDs) debate and Taylor Stone’s alternative plea for darkness. We also explore Value Sensitive Design as a procedural approach. We conclude that the comparative philosophical model of Ulrich Libbrecht can appropriately broaden the set of substantive values used in VSD. We discuss the values of ‘by-itself-so’ and ‘alter-intentionality’, which come with the unforeseen necessity of accepting elements from other worldviews and of normativity in the procedural VSD approach.
Energy Justice and Construction of Community with a Shared Future for Mankind
Authors: Guoyu Wang , Guan Jianing , Li Lei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Western approaches on energy justice mostly link energy access to basic need and rights of individuals. These approaches are mainly based on the rights-justice theory of traditional political philosophy. Though Sovacool et al. (Applied Energy 142: 437, 2015) introduce the dimension of moral philosophy and ethical responsibility into the study of energy justice, their standpoint remains individual freedom, equality, and responsibility. However, energy issues are not only a matter of individual rights and responsibilities, nor are they only problems of the distribution and commitment of the accessibility and environmental consequences of energy consumption. From the very beginning, energy issues involve the issue of inter-subject relationships, involving both the responsibility of individuals and of collective subjects. Therefore, it is necessary to jump out of the traditional mode of thinking of individual rights theory and individual responsibility.Based on the traditional Chinese philosophical ethical resources, mainly the Confucian thoughts on hexie (harmony) and yi (just), the “Tianxia” (world) view, and the reflections from the tradition of community both from the West and East, this article links energy justice to the construction of community with a shared future for mankind and puts forward that the foundation of energy justice lies in how to construct the relationship between the subjects (both individual and collective) of justice in the community with a shared future for mankind. Through cases of Yulin and global carbon emissions about energy justice, we propose a holistic perspective on energy justice inspired by the idea of the community with a shared future for mankind, and then point out that we should deal with the four major relations involved in the complete process of energy acquisition, distribution, utilization, and post-processing, in order to build a just energy system. Finally, we propose three possible strategies to deal with issues of energy justice, that is, specific strategy, real-time strategy, and holistic strategy, which may shed some light on the global issues of energy justice.
A Hindu Philosophy Perspective on the Temporal Nature of Energy Justice in Odisha, India
Authors: Herington Matthew , Malakar Yuwan , Sharma Vigya 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis chapter draws upon Amartya Sen’s interpretation of the Hindu Bhagavad Gita to discuss temporal justice implications underlying energy transitions observed in much of the Global South. In particular, it applies this Hindu-based philosophy to unpack the energy policy dichotomy currently facing policymakers in the Indian state of Odisha: the conflict between achieving sustainable development whilst also rapidly decarbonising by transitioning away from a strong industrialisation-driven model of economic development. Drawing from the Gita-inspired notions of a focus on duty in the here-and-now versus a sensitivity towards future consequences of present actions, this chapter introduces Nyāya, a Sanskrit term for justice. We argue that Nyāya’s focus on ‘realised’ justice is far more comprehensive and inclusive in that it allows policymakers to move beyond Niti, which limits, instead, policy to follow the trappings of bounded institutions, rules, and regulations.
Suppression of scalar mediated FCNCs in a SU(3)c× SU(3)L× U(1)X -model
Authors: Huitu Katri , Koivunen Niko 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe models based on SU(3)C ×SU(3)L ×U(1)Xgauge symmetry (331-models) have been advocated to explain the number of fermion families. These models place one quark family to a different representation than the other two. The traditional 331-models are plagued by scalar mediated quark flavour changing neutral currents (FCNC) at tree- level. So far there has been no concrete mechanisms to suppress these FCNCs in 331- models. Recently it has been shown that the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism can be incorporated into the 331-setting in an economical fashion (FN331-model). The FN331-model explains both the number of fermion families in nature and their mass hierarchy simultaneously. In this work we study the Higgs mediated quark FCNCs in FN331-model. The flavour violating couplings of quarks are suppressed by the ratio of the SU(2)L ×U(1)Yand SU(3)L ×U(1)Xbreaking scales. We find that the SU(3)L ×U(1)X-breaking scale can be as low as 5 TeV in order to pass the flavour bounds.
The emerging role of galectins in (re)myelination and its potential for developing new approaches to treat multiple sclerosis
Authors: de Jong Charlotte G. H. M. , Gabius Hans-Joachim , Baron Wia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system with unknown etiology. Currently approved disease-modifying treatment modalities are immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive. While the applied drugs reduce the frequency and severity of the attacks, their efficacy to regenerate myelin membranes and to halt disease progression is limited. To achieve such therapeutic aims, understanding biological mechanisms of remyelination and identifying factors that interfere with remyelination in MS can give respective directions. Such a perspective is given by the emerging functional profile of galectins. They form a family of tissue lectins, which are potent effectors in processes as diverse as adhesion, apoptosis, immune mediator release or migration. This review focuses on endogenous and exogenous roles of galectins in glial cells such as oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia in the context of de- and (re)myelination and its dysregulation in MS. Evidence is arising for a cooperation among family members so that timed expression and/or secretion of galectins-1, -3 and -4 result in modifying developmental myelination, (neuro)inflammatory processes, de- and remyelination. Dissecting the mechanisms that underlie the distinct activities of galectins and identifying galectins as target or tool to modulate remyelination have the potential to contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for MS.
Pixantrone demonstrates significant in vitro activity against multiple myeloma and plasma cell leukemia
Authors: Willenbacher Ella , Jöhrer Karin , Willenbacher Wolfgang , Flögel Brigitte , Greil Richard , Kircher Brigitte 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Treatment results for multiple myeloma and plasma cell leukemia have considerably improved, but cure remains elusive and establishing new therapeutic approaches constitutes a major unmet clinical need. We analyzed the anti-myeloma properties of the aza-anthracenedione pixantrone which has been successfully used in a phase III study for the treatment of patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma as monotherapy as well as in combination regimes in vitro and in an adapted in vivo model (ex ovo chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay). Pixantrone significantly inhibited proliferation and metabolic activity of all investigated myeloma cell lines. Importantly, anti-myeloma effects were more pronounced in tumor cell lines than in stromal cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy controls. Apoptosis of myeloma cell lines was observed only after a 7-day incubation period, indicating a fast cytostatic and a slower cytotoxic effect of this drug. Pixantrone reduced the viability of primary plasma cells of patients and induced downregulation of myeloma-cell growth in the CAM assay. Additionally, we demonstrate in vitro synergism between pixantrone and the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat with respect to its anti-proliferative features. From these data, we conclude that systematic investigations of the clinical usefulness of pixantrone in the framework of controlled clinical trials are clearly indicated (e.g., in penta-refractory patients).
Evolution of impulsive–compulsive behaviors and cognition in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Erga Aleksander H. , Alves Guido , Tysnes Ole Bjørn , Pedersen Kenn Freddy 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The longitudinal course of ICBs in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PwP) relative to controls has not been explored as of yet. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency, evolution and associated cognitive and clinical features of impulsive and compulsive behaviors (ICBs) over 4 years of prospective follow-up in a population-based cohort with early Parkinson’s disease (PD). We recruited 124 cognitively intact participants with early PD and 156 matched controls from the Norwegian ParkWest study. ICBs were assessed using the self-report short form version of the Questionnaire for Impulsive–Compulsive Disorders in PD. Cognitive changes were examined in PwP with and without ICBs who completed the 4-year follow-up. Generalized linear mixed modelling and mixed linear regression were used to analyze clinical factors and cognitive changes associated with ICBs in PwP over time. ICBs were more common in PwP than controls at all visits, with an age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) varying between 2.5 (95% CI 1.1–5.6; p = 0.022) and 5.1 (95% CI 2.4–11.0; p < 0.001). The 4-year cumulative frequency of ICBs in PwP was 46.8% and 23.3% developed incident ICBs during the study period, but the presence of ICBs was non-persistent in nearly 30%. ICBs were independently associated with younger age (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–0.99: p = 0.008) and use of dopamine agonist (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.56–10.69). Cognitive changes over time did not differ between patients with and without ICBs. In conclusion, ICBs are common in PwP, but are often non-persistent and not associated with greater cognitive impairment over time.
Variability of predictive markers (hormone receptors, Her2, Ki67) and intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer in four consecutive years 2015–2018
Authors: Stevanovic Lidija , Choschzick Matthias , Moskovszky Linda , Varga Zsuzsanna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeAccurate monitoring of predictive markers is of utmost importance as oncological treatment decisions almost entirely depend on these factors. In this study, we conducted a quality control assessment on hormone receptors, Her2 status, Ki67 Labelling Index (LI) and histological grading in breast cancer over 4 years (2015–2018).MethodsAltogether 2214 consecutive breast cancer cases were included. Data on estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), Her2 and Ki67, were available in all cases and were tested mostly on preoperative biopsies, in selected cases on postoperative surgical specimens. ER, PR, and Ki67 were assessed with immunohistochemistry (IHC), Her2 status with IHC and fluorescence in situ hybridization.ResultsER/PR were positive in 74–79% cases, ER/PR/Her2 negative in 6.16–10.70% and Her2 positive in 11.49–13.88%/year. Ki67 had median values as 15–17.5% in ER/PR-positive cases, 55–60% in triple-negative cases and 30–32.50% in Her2-positive cases. Histological grading distribution for well (G1), moderately (G2) and poorly (G3) differentiated carcinomas was 15.8–19.1% for G1, 54.2–54.8% for G2 and 21.7–23.7% for G3 cases. Variation in yearly distributions was not significant in any of these markers.ConclusionsPredictive markers displayed a yearly similar distribution in breast cancer cases independently of grading or of intrinsic subtypes. These results point to a qualitative high performance of predictive marker assessment in breast cancer, corresponding to expected on average positivity rate per marker and per year. It is recommended to monitor positivity rate of ER, PR, Ki67 and Her2 yearly or periodically to comply with quality assurance requirements.
ADHD symptoms across adolescence: the role of the family and school climate and the DRD4 and 5-HTTLPR genotype
Authors: Brinksma Djûke M. , Dietrich Andrea , de Bildt Annelies , Buitelaar Jan K. , van den Hoofdakker Barbara J. , Hoekstra Pieter J. , Hartman Catharina A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We examined bidirectional relations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and family and school climate, and the possible role of DRD4 and/or 5-HTTLPR genotypes herein. Three-wave longitudinal data of 1860 adolescents (mean ages 11, 13.5, and 16 years) from the general population and clinic-referred cohort of TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey were used. Using a multigroup Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model, we tested between-person (i.e., stable trait levels) and within-person (i.e., causal processes) associations across ADHD symptoms, family and school climate, and the extent to which these depended on genotype. Findings indicated no influence of genotype. Results did show significant between-person differences (ADHD symptoms with family climate r = .38; and school climate r = .23, p values < .001), indicating that higher stable levels of ADHD symptoms were associated with a less favorable family and school climate. Regarding within-person causal processes, ADHD symptoms predicted a less favorable family climate in early adolescence (β = .16, p < .01), while ADHD symptoms predicted a more favorable family climate in the later phase of adolescence (β = − .11, p < .01), a finding which we explain by normative developmental changes during adolescence. Overall, this study showed that negative associations between ADHD symptoms and both family and school climate are largely explained by stable between-person differences. We recommend applying the Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Path Model to developmental data to tease stable associations and change processes apart.
The new idea for modification of the surface area of silicate glass
Authors: Drajewicz Marcin , Pytel Maciej , Dychtoń Kamil 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The paper presents a new and original method of modifying the surface layer of silicate glass by applying a coating produced from zirconium oxide–yttria-stabilized powder using the LPPS plasma method (low-pressure plasma spraying). This is a new approach and not found in both scientific literature and known technological solutions. The results of the work indicate that it is possible to produce the coatings of yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide (YSZ) on the glass substrate. These coatings were made using the LPPS PS-PVD method and consist of fine YSZ crystals with spheroidal morphology. This gradient coating (FGM) has a thickness controlled from LPPS of several dozen to hundreds of nanometers. It effectively modifies the properties of the glass by introducing favorable stresses on the surface and therefore increases its hardness and tensile strength. At the same time, thermal properties of the glass were determined, which allowed to determine the temperature of heating the glass substrate necessary for the proper implementation of the oxide coating production process on this substrate by the LPPS method. The glass parameters achieved in the work are very promising and comparable with the characteristics of the best glasses currently used in optoelectronics, especially in the displays of mobile phones and solar cells.
Duffing Up the Criminal Law?
Authors: Tomlin Patrick 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
R.A. Duff’s The Realm of the Criminal Law advances the literature on criminalization by providing the most thorough exploration and defence yet provided of the intuitively attractive idea that criminalization is properly limited to public wrongs only. I outline here six concerns I have with the view, as presented in this book, and suggest where the account needs further elaboration, defence, or rethinking.
Mechanical regulation of nucleocytoplasmic translocation in mesenchymal stem cells: characterization and methods for investigation
Authors: Boeri Lucia , Albani Diego , Raimondi Manuela Teresa , Jacchetti Emanuela 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immune-modulatory and tissue-regenerative properties that make them a suitable and promising tool for cell-based therapy application. Since the bio-chemo-mechanical environment influences MSC fate and behavior, the understanding of the mechanosensors involved in the transduction of mechanical inputs into chemical signals could be pivotal. In this context, the nuclear pore complex is a molecular machinery that is believed to have a key role in force transmission and in nucleocytoplasmic shuttling regulation. To fully understand the nuclear pore complex role and the nucleocytoplasmic transport dynamics, recent advancements in fluorescence microscopy provided the possibility to study passive and facilitated nuclear transports also in mechanically stimulated cell culture conditions. Here, we review the current available methods for the investigation of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, including photo-perturbation-based approaches, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and single-particle tracking techniques. For each method, we analyze the advantages, disadvantages, and technical limitations. Finally, we summarize the recent knowledge on mechanical regulation of nucleocytoplasmic translocation in MSC, the relevant progresses made so far, and the future perspectives in the field.
Pyrolysis of Plastics to Liquid Fuel Using Sulphated Zirconium Hydroxide Catalyst
Authors: Panda Achyut K. , Alotaibi Abdullah , Kozhevnikov Ivan V. , Shiju N. Raveendran 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A world without plastics is unimaginable now and probably also in future. With the growing use of plastic, the problem of waste plastic disposal is also growing. Recycling the plastics is a promising option to avoid the serious environmental challenge caused by them. Among the various options for recycling, catalytic conversion of plastics to hydrocarbons is very attractive. Catalytic pyrolysis depolymerizes the plastics to an oil which can be used as a liquid fuel. This is a sustainable way to utilize the waste, simultaneously promising to meet the energy demand. We studied the use of sulphated zirconium hydroxide as a catalyst for the pyrolysis of different types of plastics such as polypropylene, low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene and a mixture of all three. The objective was to understand the effect of the catalyst and the temperature on the composition of the oil as well as to find an optimum condition for maximum oil yield. Various reaction conditions and their influence on the product distribution are studied. The catalyst is effective in enhancing the reaction rate, altering the product selectivity and narrowing the product distribution of the reaction. At optimum conditions, we obtained more than 79% yield of oil which contains mainly C10–C24 hydrocarbons. The fuel properties are suitable to be used as a fossil fuel substitute.

Graphic Abstract
Co-existence of CPAM with Megacystis Due to Posterior Urethral Valve and Cardiac Dysfunction in a Monozygotic Twin Pregnancy
Authors: Arora Veronica , Bijarnia-Mahay Sunita , Lall Meena , Verma Ishwar Chander 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCongenital pulmonary airway malformation is a rare developmental anomaly of the lower respiratory tract. It is classified into three major types depending on the size and number of cysts. Though the type II CPAM is known to be associated with congenital malformations, co-existence with a lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) has not been documented. We describe a novel combination of CPAM with megacystis due to posterior urethral valves in one of the twins of a monozygotic twin pregnancy. Further, we discuss the cardiovascular effects of megacystis. This was previously considered to be due to pressure effect of megacystis on iliac veins and inferior vena cava. Recently activation of RAS system has been shown to predict the severity of cardiac disease. Further studies will clarify the precise etiology of cardiac dysfunction in LUTO and megacystis.
Qualitätsmanagementsysteme – eine Analyse von Diffusionsprozessen in verschiedene organisationale Felder der Weiterbildung
Authors: Reuter Martin , Martin Andreas , Koscheck Stefan 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungQualitätsmanagementsysteme sind mittlerweile fester Bestandteil der Erwachsenenbildung. Die Etablierung dieser ursprünglich aus der Industrie stammenden Managementinstrumente kann als Diffusionsprozess beschrieben werden. Weitgehend ungeklärt ist bisher jedoch, inwiefern sich Organisationen dabei an ihrer organisationalen Feldzugehörigkeit orientierten, und welche Bedeutung bildungspolitische Interventionen in Form von gesetzlichen Vorgaben für die Gestaltung dieser Diffusionsprozesse besaßen. Im Sinne der Pluralität der Weiterbildung werden verschiedene Kontexte voneinander getrennt betrachtet. Theoretisch wird an den Neo-Institutionalismus angeschlossen. Auf Basis der Daten derwbmonitor-Umfrage 2017 wird eine Ereignisdatenanalyse durchgeführt. Diese ermöglicht es zu untersuchen, inwiefern das organisationale Feld und gesetzliche Vorgaben einen Einfluss auf die Implementierungswahrscheinlichkeit von Qualitätsmanagementsystemen besitzen. Im Ergebnis zeigen sich trotz eines ähnlichen Gesamtverlaufs bei der Implementierung auch Unterschiede zwischen den organisationalen Feldern (1 „VHS“, 2 „gemeinnützig/öffentlich“, 3 „Gemeinschaften“ und 4 „kommerziell privat“). Außerdem können deutliche Effekte der gesetzlichen Vorgaben belegt werden, wobei auch diese unterschiedlich in den Feldern wirken.