Abstract 164: Alteration of DNA methylation, DNA repair and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer cell lines by S-adenosylmethionine treatment
Authors: Zsigrai Sára , Kalmár Alexandra , Szigeti Krisztina Andrea , Nagy Zsófia Brigitta , Barták Barbara K. , Valcz Gábor , Galamb Orsolya , Dankó Titanilla , Tulassay Zsolt , Igaz Péter , Molnár Béla 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Global DNA hypomethylation can be observed along with the aging of normal cells, and it is also related to tumor initiation and progression. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a universal methyl donor molecule, used as a dietary supplement. SAM is involved in DNA methylation processes, thereby it may have a favorable effect on gene expression of cancer-associated genes through epigenetic modifications, but may also influence DNA folding during repair processes.
Our aim was to analyze the effect of SAM treatment on global and promoter-specific DNA methylation level, gene expression, DNA integrity, cell cycle and the proliferation of two different colorectal cancer cell lines (HT-29, SW480).
HT-29 and SW480 cells were treated with SAM in different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 mmol/l) for 48 hours. Global DNA methylation status was analyzed by bisulfite pyrosequencing of long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) retrotransposons. Promoter-specific DNA methylation alterations were determined by Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) method. Gene expression changes were detected using Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 (HTA 2.0). DNA integrity analysis was performed with γH2AX ELISA, immunostaining and Comet Assay. Flow cytometry measurement and Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay were assessed for cell cycle and proliferation determination.
Global and promoter-specific DNA methylation alterations, as well as decreased expression (p&lt; 0.05) of genes, that are involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition were observed after SAM treatment. Increased phosphorylation of H2AX (74.9, 166.5, 200.6 pM) and decreased micronucleus number (1.47, 0.76, 0.45% of cells) were referred to the activation of reparative processes, that was supported by the changes of comet tail lengths. Proportion of cells was decreased in the G0/G1 (48.4, 28.5, 20.4%) phase; however, it was increased in both S (45.7, 61.7, 67.0%) and G2/M (6.0, 10.7, 12.5%) phases. Significant (p&lt; 0.05) decrease of cell proliferation (99.5, 78.0, 70.6%) was also detected with SRB assay.
SAM is able to alter the DNA methylation pattern of tumor cells and can induce DNA repair. Activation of these processes can lead to cell cycle arrest, decreased proliferation, and inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Tumor cells could be targeted by SAM through different pathways; therefore, it may enhance the effect of chemotherapeutic agents.
Citation Format: Sára Zsigrai, Alexandra Kalmár, Krisztina Andrea Szigeti, Zsófia Brigitta Nagy, Barbara K. Barták, Gábor Valcz, Orsolya Galamb, Titanilla Dankó, Zsolt Tulassay, Péter Igaz, Béla Molnár. Alteration of DNA methylation, DNA repair and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer cell lines by S-adenosylmethionine treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 164.