bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Wireless Sensor Network for Tracking Flood Irrigation Management in Production-Sized Rice Fields in the Mid-South
Authors: Chiu Yin-Lin J , Reba Michele L 
Published: October 2020

HighlightsDeployed a wireless sensor network to track flood irrigation management in ~255 ha production scale rice fieldsUltrasonic sensors were installed in rice fields and water level data were wirelessly transmitted for the growing seasonStudy found significant relationship between automated and manual measurement methodsPotential benefits of using wireless sensor networks are described Abstract. The inclusion of automation in agricultural irrigation may improve crop management by providing organized, site-specific, and real-time information to producers. The objective of this study was to develop a rugged, wireless sensor network (WSN) and infrastructure to retrieve, process, and disseminate sensor data installed in remote rice fields. The study took place during the 2018 rice production season in eastern Arkansas. A working prototype WSN (consisting of 24 sensor nodes) was assembled and field-tested in sixteen production-sized (approximately 16 ha each) irrigated rice fields. Data were collected during the growing season and included water depth and soil water. The WSN retrieved, processed, and disseminated in-situ data from the production fields to a remote computer server. Data were made viewable via a web browser on internet-connected computers and mobile devices. The analysis quantified the benefits, costs, and practical usability of the system to assist with field condition monitoring and irrigation management in production-sized rice farming operations. Water level measurements using the WSN unit were significantly related to the actual measurements in Multiple-inlet rice irrigation (MIRI), Row rice (ROW), and Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation treatments (r = 0.453 to 0.946, p = &lt;0.0001). However, the reliability of this equipment was challenged by field installation and maintenance. Several in-house troubleshooting methods are discussed to ensure accurate usage of this automated system in future deployments. The results of the study indicated the use of the ultrasonic sensor for estimating water level in MIRI, ROW and AWD irrigation to be a viable solution for future WSN development. The functional WSN supported sensors for automated water level and soil water measurements that could, in future, provide real-time knowledge of the field condition, and enhance resource management for the producer. Keywords: Field condition monitoring, Production scale field monitoring, Remote sensor, Wireless sensor, Wireless sensor network.
Gulf states and Islamist responses to COVID-19: a changing relationship
Authors: Ardovini Lucia 
Published: October 2020

This article focuses on the outbreak of COVID-19 in the Gulf and examines how different responses to the pandemic are affecting the relationship between state institutions and Islamist actors. Several states and regimes are attempting to contain the spread of COVID-19 by imposing increasingly authoritarian measures and tightening social control, which in turn is causing a renewed wave of social unrest. The article shows how, in this increasingly unstable context, the relationships between state institutions and Islamist actors are developing along two main trends.
As a response to the pandemic, states in the Gulf are increasingly relying on the mobilisation of Islamic institutions and religious bodies to support lockdown and isolation policies, enlisting Islamic authority to compensate for the decreasing levels of popular trust in the regime. The tightening of authoritarian measures is bringing pre-existing tensions between Islamists and authorities back to the fore, resulting in an increased crackdown on religious opposition actors ad movements. This article shows that, while the extent to which these trends are developing depends on the national context under analysis, different state reactions to COVID-19 are already drastically altering the relationship between political institutions and Islamic ones, affecting both domestic and regional balances of power and highlighting the mutual dependency between religion and politics in the Gulf.
Highly sensitive strain sensor based on a long-period fiber grating with chain-shaped structure
Authors: Ma Yiwei , Li Xiaoyang , Wang Senyu , Yi Yang , Chen Xudong , Zhang Shuo , Wang Shengjia , Geng Tao , Tong Chenguo , Sun Weimin , Yuan Libo 
Published: October 2020

In this paper, a novel chain-shaped long-period fiber grating (CS-LPFG) for strain measurement is investigated and experimentally demonstrated. This structure is achieved by polishing periodic slant planes on a single-mode fiber with a high-frequency

C
O

2

laser. The chain-shaped structures improved the strain sensitivity of the sensor while shortening the length of the sensing unit. Experimental results show that the strain sensitivity of CS-LPFG is 34.8 pm/

µ
ε

in the range of 0–650

µ
ε

, and the total length of the sensing unit is significantly reduced to 7.5 mm. Meanwhile, the temperature-strain cross talk is 1.6

µ
ε

/°C, which is much lower than that of most fiber strain sensors.
Optimization design for edge-lateral support of a medium-aperture lightweight primary mirror
Authors: Sun Qi , Gong Xuefei 
Published: October 2020

Lightweight primary mirrors are increasingly applied both in
ground-based and space-based telescopes. Because the absolute
stiffness of the lightweight mirror is much lower than that of the
solid one, the design of lateral support becomes more difficult. Based
on parallel push-pull support, we have proposed a multi-class variable

F

−

θ

optimization approach (MVFOA), where

F

denotes the magnitude of the support
force and

θ

denotes the support position.
Compared with conventional optimization approaches, which have
only one class of design variables,

F

or

θ

, MVFOA considers the impact of

F

and

θ

simultaneously. In addition, we also
study push-pull-shear lateral support and propose an unequal-angle
push-pull-shear support optimization approach (UPSOA). To verify the
advancement of above approaches by means of finite element
calculation, the lateral support optimization of a 2.5 m ultra-low
expansion honeycomb sandwich mirror is described in this paper. For
parallel push-pull support with 24 forces, three optimization
approaches with different variables, including single-class variable

F

, single-class variable

θ

, and multi-class variable

F

−

θ

, are compared, and the RMSs of
surface deformations are 17.60 nm, 15.93 nm, and 14.81 nm,
respectively. For push-pull-shear support with 24 forces, the optimal
result by UPSOA occurs when

β

equals to 0.84 and the RMS of surface
deformations is 10.83 nm. UPSOA also solves the problem that the
forces in the region

x
≈

±

R

are much larger than the ones in the
region

x
≈

0

in the equal-angle push-pull-shear
support optimization approach (EPSOA). Through the analysis of
results, we find that optimal

β

of the honeycomb sandwich mirror is
greater than that of the meniscus mirror in push-pull-shear support.
In addition, both in parallel push-pull support and push-pull-shear
support, it also can be concluded that the position and the magnitude
of optimal lateral support forces depend on the stiffness distribution
of the mirror along the altitude axis rather than the mass
distribution.
Numerical analysis of beam distortion induced by thermal effects in chirped volume Bragg grating compressors for high-power lasers
Authors: Cho Seryeyohan , Novák Ondřej , Smrž Martin , Lucianetti Antonio , Yu Tae Jun , Mocek Tomáš 
Published: October 2020

We conducted a study on the thermal effects in chirped volume Bragg gratings (CVBGs) used as optical compressors in high-power lasers. A simulation code was developed to predict the distortion of the pulses by the thermal effects. The types and significance of the thermal distortion were analyzed using an Yb:YAG laser with an average power of 250 W. The temperature distribution in the CVBG, the thermal lens effect, the beam propagation path changes due to the thermal lens, and the compression efficiency decrease due to the phase delay were analyzed. As a result, we predict that the peak power decreases to 63.9% due to the thermal effects under the operating conditions of 250 W. We also suggest new designs for the CVBG mount that minimize the peak power loss. We expect the peak power loss to be reduced only by 1.1% when using our new mount design for the CVBG.
High sensitivity Ge-on-Si single-photon avalanche diode detectors
Authors: Llin Lourdes Ferre , Kirdoda Jarosław , Thorburn Fiona , Huddleston Laura L. , Greener Zoë M. , Kuzmenko Kateryna , Vines Peter , Dumas Derek C. S. , Millar Ross W. , Buller Gerald S. , Paul Douglas J. 
Published: October 2020

The performance of planar geometry Ge-on-Si single-photon avalanche diode detectors of

26

µ

m

diameter is presented. Record low dark count rates are observed, remaining less than 100 K counts per second at 6.6% excess bias and 125 K. Single-photon detection efficiencies are found to be up to 29.4%, and are shown to be temperature insensitive. These performance characteristics lead to a significantly reduced noise equivalent power (NEP) of

7.7
×

10

−
17

W

H
z

−

1
2

compared to prior planar devices, and represent a two orders of magnitude reduction in NEP compared to previous Ge-on-Si mesa devices of a comparable diameter. Low jitter values of

134
±
10

p
s

are demonstrated.
Ramsey interferometry through coherent A2Πu−X2Σg+−B2Σu+ coupling and population transfer in N2+ air laser
Authors: Li Zheng , Kuan Yu-Hung , Mu Xiangxu , Miao Zhiming , Wu Chengyin , Liao Wen-Te 
Published: October 2020

Motivated by the hot debate on the mechanism of laser-like emission at 391 nm from

N

2

gas irradiated by a strong 800 nm pump laser and a weak 400 nm seed laser, we theoretically study the temporal profile, optical gain, and modulation of the 391 nm signal from

N

2
+

. Our calculation sheds light on the long standing controversy on whether population inversion is indispensable for optical gain and show the Ramsey fringes of the emission intensity at 391 nm formed by additionally injecting another 800 nm pump or 400 nm seed, which provides strong evidence for the coherence driven modulation of transition dipole moment and population transfer between the

A
2

Π
u

(
ν
=
2
)
−

X
2

Σ
g
+

states and the

B
2

Σ
u
+

(
ν
=
0
)
−

X
2

Σ
g
+

states. Our results show that the 391 nm optical gain is susceptible to the population inversion within

N

2
+

states manipulated by the Ramsey technique and thus clearly reveal their symbiosis. This study reveals not only the physical picture of producing

N

2
+

population inversion but also versatile control of the

N

2
+

air laser.
Sugar feeding patterns of New York Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are affected by saturation deficit, flowers, and host seeking
Authors: Fikrig Kara , Peck Sonile , Deckerman Peter , Dang Sharon , St Fleur Kimberly , Goldsmith Henry , Qu Sophia , Rosenthal Hannah , Harrington Laura C. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundSugar feeding is an important behavior which may determine vector potential of female mosquitoes. Sugar meals can reduce blood feeding frequency, enhance survival, and decrease fecundity, as well as provide energetic reserves to fuel energy intensive behaviors such as mating and host seeking. Sugar feeding behavior can be harnessed for vector control (e.g. attractive toxic sugar baits). Few studies have addressed sugar feeding ofAedes albopictus, a vector of arboviruses of public health importance, including dengue and Zika viruses. To address this knowledge gap, we assessed sugar feeding patterns ofAe.albopictusfor the first time in its invasive northeastern USA range.Methodology/Principal findingsUsing the cold anthrone fructose assay with robust sample sizes, we demonstrated that a large percentage of both male (49.6%) and female (41.8%)Ae.albopictusfed on plant or homopteran derived sugar sources within 24 hrs prior to capture. Our results suggest that sugar feeding behavior increases when environmental conditions are dry (high saturation deficit) and may vary by behavioral status (host seeking vs. resting). Furthermore, mosquitoes collected on properties with flowers (>3 blooms) had higher fructose concentrations compared to those collected from properties with few to no flowers (0–3).Conclusions/SignificanceOur results provide the first evidence ofAe.albopictussugar feeding behavior in the Northeastern US and reveal relatively high rates of sugar feeding. These results suggest the potential success for regional deployment of toxic sugar baits. In addition, we demonstrate the impact of several environmental and mosquito parameters (saturation deficit, presence of flowers, host seeking status, and sex) on sugar feeding. Placing sugar feeding behavior in the context of these environmental and mosquito parameters provides further insight into spatiotemporal dynamics of feeding behavior forAe.albopictus, and in turn, provides information for evidence-based control decisions.
Urban-Rural Disparities and Temporal Trends in Peptic Ulcer Disease Epidemiology, Treatment, and Outcomes in the United States
Authors: Guo Howard , Lam Angela Y. , Shaheen Abdel Aziz , Forbes Nauzer , Kaplan Gilaad G. , Andrews Christopher N. , Laffin Michael , Singh Siddharth , Jairath Vipul , Teriaky Anouar , Lee Jeffrey K. , Ma Christopher 
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:
The incidence of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) has been decreasing over time with Helicobacter pylori eradication and use of acid-suppressing therapies. However, PUD remains a common cause of hospitalization in the United States. We aimed to evaluate contemporary national trends in the incidence, treatment patterns, and outcomes for PUD-related hospitalizations and compare care delivery by hospital rurality.

METHODS:
Data from the National Inpatient Sample were used to estimate weighted annual rates of PUD-related hospitalizations. Temporal trends were evaluated by joinpoint regression and expressed as annual percent change with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We determined the proportion of hospitalizations requiring endoscopic and surgical interventions, stratified by clinical presentation and rurality. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess independent predictors of in-hospital mortality and postoperative morbidity.

RESULTS:
There was a 25.8% reduction (P < 0.001) in PUD-related hospitalizations from 2005 to 2014, although the rate of decline decreased from −7.2% per year (95% CI: 13.2% to −0.7%) before 2008 to −2.1% per year (95% CI: 3.0% to −1.1%) after 2008. In-hospital mortality was 2.4% (95% CI: 2.4%–2.5%). Upper endoscopy (84.3% vs 78.4%, P < 0.001) and endoscopic hemostasis (26.1% vs 16.8%, P < 0.001) were more likely to be performed in urban hospitals, whereas surgery was performed less frequently (9.7% vs 10.5%, P < 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression, patients managed in urban hospitals were at higher risk for postoperative morbidity (odds ratio 1.16 [95% CI: 1.04–1.29]), but not death (odds ratio 1.11 [95% CI: 1.00–1.23]).

DISCUSSION:
The rate of decline in hospitalization rates for PUD has stabilized over time, although there remains significant heterogeneity in treatment patterns by hospital rurality.
The polymorphic variants DRD2 rs1800497 and ABCB1 3435C>T are associated with antipsychotic safety parameters in adolescents with an acute psychotic episode: the results of a pilot study
Authors: Ivashchenko D. V. , Khoang S. Z. , Tazagulova M. Kh. , Makhmudova B. V. , Buromskaya N. I. , Shimanov P. V. , Deitch R. V. , Dorina I. V. , Nastovich M. I. , Akmalova K. A. , Kachanova A. A. , Grishina E. A. , Savchenko L. M. , Shevchenko Yu. S. , Sychev D. A. 
Published: October 2020

Children and adolescents are more likely than adults to experience adverse side effects when taking antipsychotics. Pharmacogenetic testing allows one to more accurately choose the initial dose of a drug. The genes of pharmacokinetic factors have been shown to be of high prognostic value for the safety of antipsychotics in adults.Patients and methods. The study enrolled 36 adolescents (58.3% male) (mean age, 14.83±1.84 years). All the patients took an antipsychotic. The follow-up lasted 28 days. On 14 and 28 days of treatment, its efficiency and safety were evaluated using the Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersњgelser Side Effects Rating Scale (UKU-SERS), the Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS), and the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS). The patients were genotyped for CYP3A4*22, CYP3A5*3, CYP2D6*4, *9, *10, ABCB1 1236C>T, 2677G>T/A, 3435C>T, DRD2 rs1800497, DRD4 rs1800955, and HTR2A rs6313.Results and discussion. The decrease in the mean score of the PANSS subscale “Productive symptoms” was more pronounced in carriers of the DRD2 rs1800497 polymorphic variant (-6.5 [-10.25; -3.75] vs -3 [-6.5; -2 ] on 14 day (p=0.028) and (-11 [-13; -9.5] vs -5 [-9; -3.5] on 28 day (p=0.001) compared to baseline. The carriage of ABCB1 3435CT+TT was associated with worse tolerance to pharmacotherapy on 14 day (the total score of the UKU-SERS M, 8 [3; 11.75] vs M, 2 [1; 6]; p=0.034). The carriers of DRD2 rs1800497 reported a greater severity of antipsychotic-induced neurological disorders (UKU-SERS subscale score M, 1 [0; 2.25] vs M 0 [0; 1]; p=0.029).Conclusion. The polymorphic variants DRD2 rs1800497 and ABCB1 3435C>T were established to be significantly associated with the efficacy and safety of antipsychotics in adolescents with an acute psychotic episode.
THE FEATURES OF PERCEPTUAL PROCESSES DURING QUALITATIVE BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Pomerantsev A 
Published: October 2020

Aim. The paper aims to identify the features of perceptual processes during qualitative biomechanical analysis. Materials and methods. The following methods were used: the study of literature on the psychology of perception and sports biomechanics; methods of experimental psychology; high-speed video recording; authors’ methods for assessing the perception of sports technique and eidos; mathematical and statistical analysis. Results. The study consisted of 3 sequential stages. The first stage of the study showed that experts' assessments did not correlate well; each expert had his individual opinion. The second stage made it possible to identify two main types of movement perception: 1) the first type is based on an analytical approach, when experts sought to decompose the movement into a set of angles to obtain as much numerical information as possible; 2) the second type is based on gestalt-perception, when experts concentrated on a holistic movement image, i. e. without dividing the movement into details. The gestalt type was more effective, accurate and quick. The third stage revealed a different level of movement perception and its correlation with special memory. The clearer and more accurate the mo­vement was, the longer it stored in the memory of experts. Conclusion. Gestalt-perception, eidolon technique and special memory form a triad of perceptual processes during evaluation of sports movements. The effectiveness of qualitative biomechanical analysis depends on maturity of each triad component.
Seven-channel 1 Gbps TWDM coexistence architecture supporting 65 Gbps optical link for next-generation passive optical network 2–based FTTX access networks
Authors: Pagare Rajendraprasad A. , Kumar Santosh , Mishra Abhilasha 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we have presented the design and simulation of a 7-channel next-generation passive optical network (NG-PON2) network for the deployment of Fiber-to-the-X (FTTX) access network. Coexistence architecture is proposed, designed and simulated for the implementation of NG-PON2 access network. In a coexistence architecture approach, legacy PON networks like Gigabit passive optical network (GPON) PON, 10GPON, etc. and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)-PON supporting point-to-point connectivity are designed and simulated together. A 4 × 4 WDM-PON in which each channel carrying data at 2.5 Gbps data rate is capable of supporting a throughput channel capacity of 65.5 Gbps. NG-PON2 network is designed and simulated at 187.1, 187.2, 187.3 and 187.5 to 187.8 THz wavelengths in downstream direction for different link distances from 40 to 80 km looking into the requirement of reach of access network for future cities. The network performance parameters such as bit error rate (BER), quality factor (Q-factor), signal-to-noise ratio using the Optisystem-16 simulator at above data rates and link distances. Further, channel capacity estimation is done for single-mode fiber channel coexistence NG-PON2 configuration up to 80 km supporting BER e-13 and Q-factor 7 for WDM link and BER e-12 and Q-factor 7 for a legacy network supporting almost-1 Gbps data rate to 65 users and 100 Mbps to 512 user.
Incorporating Unilateral Variations of Weightlifting and Powerlifting Movements Into the Training Program of College-Level Dancers to Improve Stability
Authors: Pistilli Emidio E. , Mitchell Mikaela , Florence Lindsey 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Properly structured resistance training can induce sport-specific neuromuscular adaptations, such as muscular strength, power, neuromuscular coordination, and joint range of motion in competitive athletes. Adapting traditional weightlifting and powerlifting-associated resistance exercises to be performed unilaterally can also be used to enhance stability. The purpose of this training program is to introduce weightlifting and powerlifting-associated exercises to members of a college-level dance team, with the goal to incorporate unilateral variations of these exercises to enhance stability in preparation for a dance performance. The training program follows the phases of periodization, with unilateral training occurring in the peak phase just before the performance.
VALUE DRIVERS OF PRICE-EARNINGS MULTIPLES OF UNIVERSAL BANKS IN THE PHILIPPINES: A PANEL REGRESSION APPROACH
Authors: Dayag Antonio , Trinidad Fernando 
Published: October 2020

Valuation using P/E multiples has been done mostly in developed countries and some developing countries including the Philippines. However, variables that impact sound P/E multiples valuation has yet to be determined. The purpose of the study is to develop a valuation model using P/E multiples by using variables that will lead to sound valuation of firms. The application would be in the banking sector, specifically universal banks since these institutions are significant economic drivers in the Philippines. Utilizing data from the top ten [10] universal banks in the Philippines in terms of assets and capitalization from 2010 to 2017, selected macroeconomic variables, stock market index, and firm-specific variables were used in the proposed valuation model using panel data regression analysis. These variables are GDP growth rate, inflation rate, interest rate, return on equity [ROE], ROE growth rate, net income growth rate, earnings per share [EPS] growth rate, dividend payout ratio, Philippine Stock Exchange [PSE] index, and price-to-book [P/B] value ratio. Panel regression results showed that among the independent variables, ROE, EPS growth rate, P/B ratio, net income growth rate, and PSE index are statistically significant. Among the significant variables, ROE reduces P/E ratio by 51 times. This implies that an increasing ROE reduces the price per stock investors are willing to pay. Goodness of fit [R2] of the model is 74.83%, which is relatively good