bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexure and Twist Test Reliability Assurance of Flexible Electronics
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Narangaparambil Jinesh , Leever Ben , Miller Scott 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Additively printed flexible electronics in wearable application may be subjected to twisting or flexing depending on the form factor and the intended use. There is a dearth of standards for testing and reliability assurance of flexible electronics and reliability data for various use conditions. In this paper, a test protocol has been developed for twisting and flexing on aerosol-jet additively printed flexible circuits. Test patterns with commonly used traces geometries have been developed, aerosol-jet printed, and thermally sintered at various conditions. Effect of sintering temperature on fatigue robustness in cyclic-flexing and cyclic-twisting has been studied for straight, horse-shoe, and zig-zag trace geometries. Reliability data have been acquired under both twist and flex using continuous resistance monitoring until 100,000 cycles. Failure mechanisms have been studied for both cyclic-flexure and cyclic-twist using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical imaging.
Intelligent Maintenance Systems and Predictive Manufacturing
Authors: Lee Jay , Ni Jun , Singh Jaskaran , Jiang Baoyang , Azamfar Moslem , Feng Jianshe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
With continued global market growth and an increasingly competitive environment, manufacturing industry is facing challenges and desires to seek continuous improvement. This effect is forcing manufacturers to squeeze every asset for maximum value and thereby calls for high-equipment effectiveness, and at the same time flexible and resilient manufacturing systems. Maintenance operations are essential to modern manufacturing systems in terms of minimizing unplanned down time, assuring product quality, reducing customer dissatisfaction, and maintaining advantages and competitiveness edge in the market. It has a long history that manufacturers struggle to find balanced maintenance strategies without significantly compromising system reliability or productivity. Intelligent maintenance systems (IMS) are designed to provide decision support tools to optimize maintenance operations. Intelligent prognostic and health management tools are imperative to identify effective, reliable, and cost-saving maintenance strategies to ensure consistent production with minimized unplanned downtime. This article aims to present a comprehensive review of the recent efforts and advances in prominent methods for maintenance in manufacturing industries over the last decades, identifying the existing research challenges, and outlining directions for future research.
Response of an Annular Tuned Liquid Damper Equipped With Damping Screens
Authors: McNamara K. P. , Love J. S. , Tait M. J. , Haskett T. C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Annular tuned liquid dampers (TLDs) may be installed in slender structures with limited floor space, in which people and utilities must pass through the core, such as a wind turbine or observation tower. This study investigates an annular-shaped TLD equipped with damping screens. A linearized equivalent mechanical model capable of capturing the fundamental sloshing mode response of an annular TLD is presented. An experimental shake table testing program is completed to assess the performance of the model. Thirty-six frequency sweep tests consisting of various TLD configurations, excitation amplitudes, and excitation directions are completed. Good agreement is observed between the linearized equivalent mechanical model and experimental wave heights, sloshing forces, and energy dissipated per cycle that have been filtered to include only the fundamental sloshing mode response. The model is also observed to be in good agreement with experimental data for different excitation directions. The model is coupled to a generalized structure to investigate the response of a structure equipped with an annular TLD. The annular TLD is found to reduce the response of a generalized offshore wind turbine structure undergoing harmonic force excitation. The annular TLD provides performance comparable to an optimal linear tuned mass damper (TMD) with the same properties for a range of force excitation amplitudes.
On the Cutting of Metals: A Mechanics Viewpoint
Authors: Sagapuram Dinakar , Udupa Anirudh , Viswanathan Koushik , Mann James B. , M’Saoubi Rachid , Sugihara Tatsuya , Chandrasekar Srinivasan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe mechanics of large-strain deformation in cutting of metals is discussed, primarily from viewpoint of recent developments in in situ analysis of plastic flow and microstructure characterization. It is shown that a broad range of deformation parameters can be accessed in chip formation—strains of 1–10, strain rates of 10–105/s, and temperatures up to 0.7Tm—and controlled. This range is far wider than achievable by any other single-stage, severe plastic deformation (SPD) process. The resulting extreme deformation conditions produce a rich variety of microstructures in the chip. Four principal types of chip formation—continuous, shear-localized, segmented, and mushroom-type—as elucidated first by Nakayama (1974, “The Formation of ‘Saw-Toothed Chip’ in Metal Cutting,” Proceedings of International Conference on Production Engineering, Tokyo, pp. 572–577) are utilized to emphasize the diverse plastic flow phenomena, especially unsteady deformation modes that prevail in cutting. These chip types are intimately connected with the underlying flow, each arising from a distinct mode and triggered by an instability phenomenon. The role of plastic flow instabilities such as shear banding, buckling, and fracture in mediating unsteady flow modes is expounded, along with consequences of the flow modes and chip types for the cutting. Sinuous flow is shown to be the reason why gummy (highly strain-hardening) metals, although relatively soft, are so difficult to cut. Synthesizing the various observations, a hypothesis is put forth that it is the stability of flow modes that determines the mechanics of cutting. This leads to a flow-stability phase diagram that could provide a framework for predicting chip types and process attributes.
Early onset and late acceleration of rapid exhumation in the Namche Barwa syntaxis, eastern Himalaya
Authors: Govin Gwladys , van der Beek Peter , Najman Yani , Millar Ian , Gemignani Lorenzo , Huyghe Pascale , Dupont-Nivet Guillaume , Bernet Matthias , Mark Chris , Wijbrans Jan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Himalayan syntaxes, characterized by extreme rates of rock exhumation co-located with major trans-orogenic rivers, figure prominently in the debate on tectonic versus erosional forcing of exhumation. Both the mechanism and timing of rapid exhumation of the Namche Barwa massif in the eastern syntaxis remain controversial. It has been argued that coupling between crustal rock advection and surface erosion initiated in the late Miocene (8–10 Ma). Recent studies, in contrast, suggest a Quaternary onset of rapid exhumation linked to a purely tectonic mechanism. We report new multisystem detrital thermochronology data from the most proximal Neogene clastic sediments downstream of Namche Barwa and use a thermo-kinematic model constrained by new and published data to explore its exhumation history. Modeling results show that exhumation accelerated to ∼4 km/m.y. at ca. 8 Ma and to ∼9 km/m.y. after ca. 2 Ma. This three-stage history reconciles apparently contradictory evidence for early and late onset of rapid exhumation and suggests efficient coupling between tectonics and erosion since the late Miocene. Quaternary acceleration of exhumation is consistent with river-profile evolution and may be linked to a Quaternary river-capture event.
The geochemical and geochronological implications of nanoscale trace-element clusters in rutile
Authors: Verberne R. , Reddy S.M. , Saxey D.W. , Fougerouse D. , Rickard W.D.A. , Plavsa D. , Agangi A. , Kylander-Clark A.R.C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The geochemical analysis of trace elements in rutile (e.g., Pb, U, and Zr) is routinely used to extract information on the nature and timing of geological events. However, the mobility of trace elements can affect age and temperature determinations, with the controlling mechanisms for mobility still debated. To further this debate, we use laser-ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry and atom probe tomography to characterize the micro- to nanoscale distribution of trace elements in rutile sourced from the Capricorn orogen, Western Australia. At the &gt;20 µm scale, there is no significant trace-element variation in single grains, and a concordant U-Pb crystallization age of 1872 ± 6 Ma (2σ) shows no evidence of isotopic disturbance. At the nanoscale, clusters as much as 20 nm in size and enriched in trace elements (Al, Cr, Pb, and V) are observed. The 207Pb/206Pb ratio of 0.176 ± 0.040 (2σ) obtained from clusters indicates that they formed after crystallization, potentially during regional metamorphism. We interpret the clusters to have formed by the entrapment of mobile trace elements in transient sites of radiation damage during upper amphibolite facies metamorphism. The entrapment would affect the activation energy for volume diffusion of elements present in the cluster. The low number and density of clusters provides constraints on the time over which clusters formed, indicating that peak metamorphic temperatures are short-lived, &lt;10 m.y. events. Our results indicate that the use of trace elements to estimate volume diffusion in rutile is more complex than assuming a homogeneous medium.
Low basal metabolic rate as a risk factor for development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Maciak Sebastian , Sawicka Diana , Sadowska Anna , Prokopiuk Sławomir , Buczyńska Sylwia , Bartoszewicz Marek , Niklińska Gabriela , Konarzewski Marek , Car Halina 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionIdentification of physiological factors influencing susceptibility to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains an important challenge for biology and medicine. Numerous studies reported energy expenditures as one of those components directly linked to T2D, with noticeable increase of basal metabolic rate (BMR) associated with the progression of insulin resistance. Conversely, the putative link between genetic, rather than phenotypic, determination of BMR and predisposition to development of T2D remains little studied. In particular, low BMR may constitute a considerable risk factor predisposing to development of T2D.Research design and methodsWe analyzed the development of insulin resistance and T2D in 20-week-old male laboratory mice originating from three independent genetic line types. Two of those lines were subjected to divergent, non-replicated selection towards high or low body mass-corrected BMR. The third line type was non-selected and consisted of randomly bred animals serving as an outgroup (reference) to the selected line types. To induce insulin resistance, mice were fed for 8 weeks with a high fat diet; the T2D was induced by injection with a single dose of streptozotocin and further promotion with high fat diet. As markers for insulin resistance and T2D advancement, we followed the changes in body mass, fasting blood glucose, insulin level, lipid profile andmTORexpression.ResultsWe found BMR-associated differentiation in standard diabetic indexes between studied metabolic lines. In particular, mice with low BMR were characterized by faster body mass gain, blood glucose gain and deterioration in lipid profile. In contrast, high BMR mice were characterized by markedly higher expression of themTOR, which may be associated with much slower development of T2D.ConclusionsOur study suggests that genetically determined low BMR makeup involves metabolism-specific pathways increasing the risk of development of insulin resistance and T2D.
A novel method to interpret early phase trials shows how the narrowing of the coronary sinus concordantly improves symptoms, functional status and quality of life in refractory angina
Authors: Jolicoeur E Marc , Verheye Stefan , Henry Timothy D , Joseph Lawrence , Doucet Serge , White Christopher J , Edelman Elazer , Banai Shmuel 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundReduction of the coronary sinus was shown to improve angina in patients unsuitable for revascularisation. We assessed whether a percutaneous device that reduces the diameter of the coronary sinus improved outcomes across multiple endpoints in a phase II trial.MethodsWe conducted a novel analysis performed as a post hoc efficacy analysis of the COSIRA (CoronarySinusReducer for Treatment of RefractoryAngina) trial, which enrolled patients with Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class 3–4 refractory angina. We used four domains: symptoms (CCS Angina Scale), functionality (total exercise duration), ischaemia (imaging) and health-related quality of life. For all domains, we specified a meaningful threshold for change. The primary endpoint was defined as a probability of ≥80% that the reducer exceeded the meaningful threshold on two or more domains (group-level analysis) or that the average efficacy score in the reducer group exceeded the sham control group by at least two points (patient-level analysis).ResultsWe randomised 104 participants to either a device that narrows to coronary sinus (n=52) or a sham implantation (n=52). The reducer group met the prespecified criteria for concordance at the group level and demonstrated improvement in symptoms (0.59 CCS grade, 95% credible interval (CrI)=0.22 to 0.95), total exercise duration (+27.9%, 95% CrI=2.8% to 59.8%) and quality of life (stability +11.2 points, 95% CrI=3.3 to 19.1; perception +11.0, 95% CrI=3.3 to 18.7).ConclusionsThe reducer concordantly improved symptoms, functionality and quality of life compared with a sham intervention in patients with angina unsuitable for coronary revascularisation. Concordant analysis such as this one can help interpret early phase trials and guide the decision to pursue a clinical programme into a larger confirmatory trial.Trail registration numberClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT01205893.
Peptide vaccination directed against IDO1-expressing immune cells elicits CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity and enhanced anti-PD1 responses
Authors: Dey Souvik , Sutanto-Ward Erika , Kopp Katharina L , DuHadaway James , Mondal Arpita , Ghaban Dema , Lecoq Inés , Zocca Mai-Britt , Merlo Lauren M F , Mandik-Nayak Laura , Andersen Mads Hald , Pedersen Ayako Wakatsuki , Muller Alexander J 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), which subverts T-cell immunity at multiple levels, is itself subject to inherent T-cell reactivity. This intriguing deviation from central tolerance has been interpreted as counterbalancing IDO1-mediated immunosuppression. Based on this hypothesis, clinical studies employing an IDO1 peptide-based vaccine approach for cancer treatment have been initiated, but there remains a pressing need to further investigate the immunological ramifications of stimulating the anti-IDO1 T-cell response in this manner.MethodsCT26 colon carcinoma tumors were evaluated for expression of IDO1 protein by western blot analysis, immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Mouse IDO1-derived peptides, predicted to bind either major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or II of the H2d BALB/c strain, were emulsified in 50% Montanide for prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine treatment of CT26 tumor-bearing mice initiated either 7 days prior to or following tumor cell injection, respectively. In some therapeutic treatment experiments, administration of programmed cell death protein 1-binding antibody (anti-PD1 antibody) or epacadostat was concurrently initiated. Tumor size was determined by caliper measurements and comparative tumor growth suppression was assessed by longitudinal analyses of tumor growth data. For adoptive transfer, T cells from complete responder animals were isolated using paramagnetic beads and fluorescence-activated cell sorting.ResultsThis study identifies mouse MHC class I-directed and II-directed, IDO1-derived peptides capable of eliciting antitumor responses, despite finding IDO1 expressed exclusively in tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Treatment of established tumors with anti-PD1 antibody and class I-directed but not class II-directed IDO1 peptide vaccines produced an enhanced antitumor response. Likewise, class I-directed and II-directed IDO1 peptides elicited an enhanced combinatorial response, suggesting distinct mechanisms of action. Consistent with this interpretation, adoptive transfer of isolated CD8+ T cells from class I and CD4+ T cells from class II peptide-vaccinated responder mice delayed tumor growth. The class II-directed response was completely IDO1-dependent while the class I-directed response included an IDO1-independent component consistent with antigen spread.ConclusionsThe in vivo antitumor effects demonstrated with IDO1-based vaccines via targeting of the tumor microenvironment highlight the utility of mouse models for further exploration and refinement of this novel vaccine-based approach to IDO1-directed cancer therapy and its potential to improve patient response rates to anti-PD1 therapy.
Application of zinc, boron, and molybdenum in soil increases lentil productivity, nutrient uptake, and apparent balance
Authors: Hossain Ashraf , Quddus Abdul , Alam Khairul , Naser Habib Mohammad , Anwar Babul , Khatun Firoza , Rashid Harunur , Khatun Fatima , Siddiky Alamgir 
Published: July 2020

In severely deficit soil, lentil (Lens culinaris Medic) crop requires micronutrients for increased production. Micronutrient management is, therefore, very important for lentil productivity but mostly ignored. This study was carried out from 2014–2015 to 2016–2017 to understand the effects of zinc (Zn), boron (B), and molybdenum (Mo) on lentil productivity, nodulation, and nutrient uptake and how these elements improve soil micronutrient fertility. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design, and the treatments were replicated thrice. Different combinations of Zn, Mo, and B were contrasted with no application of micronutrients. The treatments were Zn alone (Zn), B alone (B), Mo alone (Mo), Zn combined with B (ZnB), Zn with Mo (ZnMo), B with Mo (BMo), and Zn combined with B and Mo (ZnBMo). Doses of Zn, B, and Mo were 3, 2, and 1 kg ha−1, respectively. In this trial, the highest average seed yield (1807 kg ha−1) and yield increment (44%) was obtained in ZnBMo combined application with macronutrients. Single, dual, and combined application of Zn, B, and Mo had significant effects on yield parameters and yield of lentil (P < 0.05). The highest nutrient uptake, maximum nodulation (63.5 plant−1), and the highest protein content (26.6%) in seed were recorded from the treatment receiving all three micronutrients. The increased lentil yield might be associated with increased nodulation and nutrient uptake by the crop under micronutrient-applied treatments. The results suggest that combination of Zn, B, and Mo could be applied for increased lentil production in micronutrient deficit soils.
Dissecting the $$\Delta I=1/2$$ rule at large $$N_c$$
Authors: Donini Andrea , Hernández Pilar , Pena Carlos , Romero-López Fernando 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study the scaling of kaon decay amplitudes with the number of colours,$$N_c$$Nc, in a theory with four degenerate flavours,$$N_f=4$$Nf=4. In this scenario, two current-current operators,$$Q^\pm $$Q±, mediate$$\Delta S=1$$ΔS=1transitions, such as the two isospin amplitudes of non-leptonic kaon decays for$$K\rightarrow (\pi \pi )_{I=0,2}$$K→(ππ)I=0,2,$$A_0$$A0and$$A_2$$A2. In particular, we concentrate on the simpler$$K\rightarrow \pi $$K→πamplitudes,$$A^\pm $$A±, mediated by these two operators. A diagrammatic analysis of the large-$$N_c$$Ncscaling of these observables is presented, which demonstrates the anticorrelation of the leading$${{\mathcal {O}}}(1/N_c)$$O(1/Nc)and$${{\mathcal {O}}}(N_f/N_c^2)$$O(Nf/Nc2)corrections in both amplitudes. Using our new$$N_f=4$$Nf=4and previous quenched data, we confirm this expectation and show that these corrections arenaturallylarge and may be at the origin of the$$\Delta I=1/2$$ΔI=1/2rule. The evidence for the latter is indirect, based on the matching of the amplitudes to their prediction in Chiral Perturbation Theory, from which the LO low-energy couplings of the chiral weak Hamiltonian,$$g^\pm $$g±, can be determined. A NLO estimate of the$$K \rightarrow (\pi \pi )_{I=0,2}$$K→(ππ)I=0,2isospin amplitudes can then be derived, which is in good agreement with the experimental value.
The quirk trajectory
Authors: Li Jinmian , Li Tianjun , Pei Junle , Zhang Wenxing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe for the first time obtain the analytical solution for the quirk equation of motion in an approximate way. Based on it, we study several features of quirk trajectory in a more precise way, including quirk oscillation amplitude, number of periods, as well as the thickness of quirk pair plane. Moreover, we find an exceptional case where the quirk crosses at least one of the tracking layers repeatedly. Finally, we consider the effects of ionization energy loss and fixed direction of infracolor string for a few existing searches.
Constraints and cosmography of $$\Lambda $$CDM in presence of viscosity
Authors: Herrera-Zamorano L. , Hernández-Almada A. , García-Aspeitia Miguel A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this work, we study two scenarios of the Universe filled by a perfect fluid following the traditional dark energy and a viscous fluid as dark matter. In this sense, we explore the most simple case for the viscosity in the Eckart formalism, a constant, and then, a polynomial function of the redshift. We constrain the phase-space of the model parameters by performing a Bayesian analysis based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo method and using the latest data of the Hubble parameter (OHD), Type Ia Supernovae (SNIa) and Strong Lensing Systems. The first two samples cover the region $$0.01<z<2.36$$0.01<z<2.36. Based on AIC, we find equally support of these viscous models over Lambda-Cold Dark Matter (LCDM) taking into account OHD or SNIa. On the other hand, we reconstruct the cosmographic parameters (q, j, s, l) and find good agreement to LCDM within up to $$3\sigma $$3σ CL. Additionally, we find that the cosmographic parameters and the acceleration-deceleration transition are sensible to the parameters related to the viscosity coefficient, making of the viscosity an interesting physical mechanism to modified them.
Melting of quarkonium in an anisotropic hot QCD medium in the presence of a generalized Debye screening mass and Nikiforov–Uvarov’s method
Authors: Abu-shady M. , Fath-Allah H. M. 
Published: July 2020

Generalized temperature and anisotropy dependent Debye screening mass is introduced into the real part of a potential in an anisotropic plasma. The N-radial Schrödinger equation (SE) is approximately solved by using the Nikiforov–Uvarov (NU) method which based on the expansion of power series. Binding energies and dissociation temperatures of charmonium and bottomonium are calculated. In addition, we have calculated the screening mass values for different parameters. Comparing to their values in an isotropic medium, the charmonium and bottomonium binding energies within an anisotropic medium are found to be increased. Also, the dissociation temperatures of both the charmonium and the bottomonium within anisotropic environments appear larger relative to those found within an isotropic medium. Finally, one observes that in any medium the bottomonium dissociation temperature is higher than the charmonium one.