bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The economic benefits of increasing breastfeeding rates in Spain
Authors: Quesada Juan Antonio , Méndez Ildefonso , Martín-Gil Rocío 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Interventions aimed at promoting breastfeeding rates are among the most effective possible health policies available, with an estimated return of US$35 per dollar invested. Indeed, some authors found that a 10% increase in exclusive breastfeeding rates in the first two years of life led to a reduction in treatment costs of US$312 million in the US, US$7.8 million in the UK, US$30 million in China, and US$1.8 million in Brazil. Among high-income countries, Spain stands out for its low breastfeeding rate.

Methods
We calculated the savings that the Spanish National Health System would have benefited from had breastfeeding rates been higher in Spain, both from the time of hospital discharge and at 6 months postpartum. We followed the methods used in similar studies carried out in the US, Italy, Australia, the Netherlands, and the UK, to conservatively estimate these potential savings by considering only the lower thresholds in all our estimates. Here we approximated the benefits of having increased exclusive breastfeeding rates based on the lower incidence of infantile pathologies among exclusively breastfed infants. Robust evidence indicates that among breastfed infants there is a lower prevalence of otitis media, gastroenteritis, respiratory infections, and necrotising enterocolitis. We obtained the estimated monetary cost of these diseases by combining their prevalences with data about their economic costs for diagnosis-related groups.

Results
The estimated effects we calculated imply that the Spanish National Health System could have saved more than €5.6 million for every percentage point increase in exclusive breastfeeding rates in Spain during 2014.

Conclusions
Breastfeeding is essential both for the health of mothers and the health and development of newborns but is rarely considered as an economic issue and remains economically invisible. In addition to the improved wellbeing of mothers and their infants, breastfeeding can positively impact society as a whole and should therefore be better defined in public policies. Thus, strategies aimed at increasing exclusive breastfeeding rates would likely contribute to lowering the fiscal burden of the Spanish National Health System. Moreover, the magnitude of these potential benefits suggests that such policies would likely be socially cost–effective.
Primary undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma obstructing the right ventricular outflow tract
Authors: Kwon Jintae , Kwon Kyewon 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Primary undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma in the right ventricle is an extremely rare tumor. Radical surgical excision is the optimal treatment for long-term survival due to poor response to chemotherapy or radiotherapy at an advanced stage.

Case presentation
A 42-year-old man with no previous medical history presented with mild dyspnea on exertion and abdominal distension that lasted a week. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a huge homogeneous mass completely obstructing the right ventricle and extending into the pulmonary trunk. However, he suddenly collapsed the next day while on his way to an echocardiography. An extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) device was inserted percutaneously and ECMO support was urgently initiated. Based on consideration of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction in the initial CT scan, we decided to remove the mass from the right ventricle immediately. The main mass was resected to relieve the RVOT obstruction, and after the operation, the ECMO was removed from the operation room. However, the patient failed to regain consciousness and electroencephalography (EEG) and subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated severe hypoxic brain damage. We assume CPR was unsuccessful because the mass completely blocked the RVOT. Pathology revealed the mass was an undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma.

Conclusions
We present the case of a 42-year-old male with cardiac arrest due to right ventricular outflow tract obstruction by a tumor of the right ventricle. Surgical resection was performed and in histopathology it was proved to be an undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma.
Validation of Androgen Receptor loss as a risk factor for the development of brain metastases from ovarian cancers
Authors: Mittica Gloria , Goia Margherita , Gambino Angela , Scotto Giulia , Fonte Mattia , Senetta Rebecca , Aglietta Massimo , Borella Fulvio , Sapino Anna , Katsaros Dionyssios , Maggiorotto Furio , Ghisoni Eleonora , Giannone Gaia , Tuninetti Valentina , Genta Sofia , Eusebi Chiara , Momi Marina , Cassoni Paola , Valabrega Giorgio 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Central nervous system (CNS) spreading from epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is an uncommon but increasing phenomenon. We previously reported in a small series of 11 patients a correlation between Androgen Receptor (AR) loss and localization to CNS. Aims of this study were: to confirm a predictive role of AR loss in an independent validation cohort; to evaluate if AR status impacts on EOC survival.

Results
We collected an additional 29 cases and 19 controls as validation cohort. In this independent cohort at univariate analysis, cases exhibited lower expression of AR, considered both as continuous (p <  0.001) and as discrete variable (10% cut-off: p <  0.003; Immunoreactive score: p <  0.001). AR negative EOC showed an odds ratio (OR) = 8.33 for CNS dissemination compared with AR positive EOC. Kaplan-Meier curves of the combined dataset, combining data of new validation cohort with the previously published cohort, showed that AR <  10% significantly correlates with worse outcomes (p = 0.005 for Progression Free Survival (PFS) and p = 0.002 for brain PFS (bPFS) respectively).
Comparison of AR expression between primary tissue and paired brain metastases in the combined dataset did not show any statistically significant difference.

Conclusions
We confirmed AR loss as predictive role for CNS involvement from EOC in an independent cohort of cases and controls. Early assessment of AR status could improve clinical management and patients’ prognosis.
MicroRNA-145-5p regulates the proliferation of epithelial ovarian cancer cells via targeting SMAD4
Authors: Zhou Jie , Zhang Xiyi , Li Weiling , Chen Yuanyuan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting females worldwide; however, its etiology mechanism remains unclear. In various malignancies, miR-145-5p is a widely accepted and versatile miRNA. Therefore, our research focused on exploring the activity and etiology of miR-145-5p in the modulation of metastasis, migration, and proliferation of EOC cells. The direct reactions between the 3′UTRs of SMAD4 mRNA and miR-145-5p were verified using dual luciferase reporter test. SKOV-3 cells were subsequently transfected using miR-145-5p mimics. Cell migration, death, and proliferation were evaluated using MTT, flow cytometry, and Transwell test. In addition, SMAD4 transcription and translation were evaluated using qRT-PCR and Western blot.

Results
We found that miR-145-5p expression was repressed prevalently in EOC tissues, apart from SMAD4 upregulation. Excessive miR-145-5p expression remarkably reinforced EOC cell death and repressed EOC cell proliferation. Furthermore, upregulated miR-145-5p expression noticeably repressed migration via MMP-2 and MMP-9 downregulation. Moreover, SMAD4 was downregulated via miR-145-5p transfection. The dual luciferase test revealed that miR-145-5p directly targeted SMAD4.

Conclusions
Our research suggests that miR-145-5p serves as a malignancy repressor and exerts an essential impact on inhibiting malignancy generation and reinforcing EOC death via targeting SMAD4. MiR-145-5p application could serve as a promising strategy to treat EOC.
Implementation of an intervention to improve the adoption of asthma self-management practices in Peru: Asthma Implementation Research (AIRE) randomized trial study protocol
Authors: Romani Elisa D. , Siddharthan Trishul , Lovatón Nair , Alvítez-Luna Carol C. , Flores-Flores Oscar , Pollard Suzanne L. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children worldwide, with 80% of asthma-related deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While evidence-based guidelines exist for asthma treatment and management, adoption of guideline-based practices is low in high-income country and LMIC settings alike. While asthma prevalence among children and adolescents in Lima, Peru is in the range of 13%–19.6%, our data suggest that < 5% of children in low-resource communities are currently taking guideline-based therapies. There is an urgent need for effective, locally tailored solutions to address the asthma treatment gap in low-income communities in Peru.

Methods
This study aims to develop and test a locally adapted intervention package to improve adoption of self-management practices and utilization of preventive health services for asthma among children in Lima Norte. The intervention package was designed using a systematic, theory-based framework (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behavior Framework) and is rooted in a multi-phased formative research approach. The main study design is an individually randomized implementation-effectiveness hybrid trial enrolling 110 children aged 5–17 years with asthma and their caregivers. Families allocated to the treatment group receive the supported self-management intervention package, while families allocated to the control group receive the standard of care plus asthma education. We will follow participants monthly for six months and evaluate asthma control (Asthma Control Test), healthcare utilization, and medication adherence (Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale). Disease-specific quality of life for children (Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire) and caregivers (Pediatric Asthma Caregiver’s Quality of Life Questionnaire) will be evaluated at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. We will also evaluate acceptability, feasibility, and fidelity of the intervention using mixed methods approaches.

Discussion
The long-term goal of this study is to disseminate locally appropriate asthma management strategies in LMIC settings. This study will contribute to the body of knowledge surrounding approaches for developing and evaluating intervention strategies for asthma using systematic, theory-based approaches grounded in local context. Such strategies have the potential to inform the development and adaptation of appropriate and scalable solutions for asthma management in LMIC settings.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03986177. Registered on 14 June 2019.
The impact of sex and gender on immunotherapy outcomes
Authors: Klein Sabra L. , Morgan Rosemary 
Published: May 2020

AbstractImmunotherapies are often used for the treatment, remission, and possible cure of autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancers. Empirical evidence illustrates that females and males differ in outcomes following the use of biologics for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis (RA), infectious diseases, e.g., influenza, and solid tumor cancers. Females tend to experience more adverse reactions than males following the use of a class of biologics referred to as immunotherapies. For immunotherapies aimed at stimulating an immune response, e.g., influenza vaccines, females develop greater responses and may experience greater efficacy than males. In contrast, for immunotherapies that repress an immune response, e.g., tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors for RA or checkpoint inhibitors for melanoma, the efficacy is reportedly greater for males than females. Despite these differences, discrepancies in reporting differences between females and males exist, with females have been historically excluded from biomedical and clinical studies. There is a critical need for research that addresses the biological (i.e., sex) as well as sociocultural (i.e., gender) causes of male-female disparities in immunotherapy responses, toxicities, and outcomes. One-size-fits-all approaches to immunotherapies will not work, and sex/gender may contribute to variable treatment success, including adherence, in clinical settings.
Direct activation of tRNA methyltransferase-like 1 (Mettl1) gene by thyroid hormone receptor implicates a role in adult intestinal stem cell development and proliferation during Xenopus tropicalis metamorphosis
Authors: Na Wonho , Fu Liezhen , Luu Nga , Shi Yun-Bo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Thyroid hormone (T3) plays an important role in vertebrate development. Compared to the postembryonic development of uterus-enclosed mammalian embryos, T3-dependent amphibian metamorphosis is advantageous for studying the function of T3 and T3 receptors (TRs) during vertebrate development. The effects of T3 on the metamorphosis of anurans such as Xenopus tropicalis is known to be mediated by TRs. Many putative TR target genes have been identified previously. Among them is the tRNA methyltransferase Mettl1.

Results
We studied the regulation of Mettl1 gene by T3 during intestinal metamorphosis, a process involves near complete degeneration of the larval epithelial cells via apoptosis and de novo formation of adult epithelial stem cells and their subsequent proliferation and differentiation. We observed that Mettl1 was activated by T3 in the intestine during both natural and T3-induced metamorphosis and that its mRNA level peaks at the climax of intestinal remodeling. We further showed that Mettl1 promoter could be activated by liganded TR via a T3 response element upstream of the transcription start site in vivo. More importantly, we found that TR binding to the TRE region correlated with the increase in the level of H3K79 methylation, a transcription activation histone mark, and the recruitment of RNA polymerase II by T3 during metamorphosis.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that Mettl1 is activated by liganded TR directly at the transcriptional level via the TRE in the promoter region in the intestine during metamorphosis. Mettl1 in turn regulate target tRNAs to affect translation, thus facilitating stem cell formation and/or proliferation during intestinal remodeling.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Research on the construction and simulation of PO-Dijkstra algorithm model in parallel network of multicore platform
Authors: Zhang Bo , Hu De Ji 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe development of multicore hardware has provided many new development opportunities for many application software algorithms. Especially, the algorithm with large calculation volume has gained a lot of room for improvement. Through the research and analysis, this paper has presented a parallel PO-Dijkstra algorithm for multicore platform which has split and parallelized the classical Dijkstra algorithm by the multi-threaded programming tool OpenMP. Experiments have shown that the speed of PO-Dijkstra algorithm has been significantly improved. According to the number of nodes, the completion time can be increased by 20–40%. Based on the improved heterogeneous dual-core simulator, the Dijkstra algorithm in Mi Bench is divided into tasks. For the G.72 encoding process, the number of running cycles using “by function” is 34% less than using “divided by data,” while the power consumption is only 83% of the latter in the same situation. Using “divide by data” will reduce the cost and management difficulty of real-time temperature. Using “divide by function” is a good choice for streaming media data. For the Dijkstra algorithm, the data is data without correlation, so using a simpler partitioning method according to the data partitioning can achieve good results. Through the simulation results and the analysis of the results of real-time power consumption, we conclude that for data such as strong data correlation of streaming media types, using “divide by function” will have better performance results; for data types where data correlation is not very strong, the effect of using “divide by data” is even better.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Parameter estimation of network signal normal distribution applied to carbonization depth in wireless networks
Authors: Cai Min , Yang Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFor the average state of the normal distribution parameter estimation, regular normal distribution parameter gives an estimation, but the carbonation depth of influence factors is more of a parameter estimation, shooting low deficiencies; therefore, putting forward application in the carbonation depth of the normal distribution parameter is estimated. A normal distribution parameter estimation model is constructed, and a normal distribution parameter estimation model framework is constructed by using the least squares method to determine the expression of normal distribution parameters. Based on the linear deviation calculation of normal distribution parameters and the determination of the maximum similar value of parameters, the parameter estimation is realized by using the Bayesian function of carbonization depth. The parameter estimation of network signal based on carbonization depth is proposed. Parameter estimation can play an important role in the intelligent analysis of big data, and it is also an important basic guarantee for machine learning algorithms. Using the integrity test results and error rate test result, variable parameters calculated from measured parameters, substitution shooting parameters calculation formula of parameter estimation is put forward by the conventional parameter estimation methods, which shot up to 22.12%, is suitable for the carbonation depth of the normal distribution parameter estimation.
Anti-inflammatory effect of hispidin on LPS induced macrophage inflammation through MAPK and JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathways
Authors: Han Ying-Hao , Chen Dong-Qin , Jin Mei-Hua , Jin Ying-Hua , Li Jing , Shen Gui-Nan , Li Wei-Long , Gong Yi-Xi , Mao Ying-Ying , Xie Dan-Ping , Lee Dong-Seok , Yu Li-Yun , Kim Sun-Uk , Kim Ji-Su , Kwon Taeho , Cui Yu-Dong , Sun Hu-Nan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSevere inflammatory reactions caused by macrophage activation can trigger a systemic immune response. In the present study, we observed the anti-inflammatory properties of hispidin on LPS induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Our results showed that hispidin treatment significantly reduced the production of cellular NO, IL-6 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) while has not inhibitory effect on TNF-α productions. Excitingly, hispidin treatment retains the phagocytosis ability of macrophages which enabling them to perform the function of removing foreign invaders. Signaling studies showed, hispidin treatment dramatic suppressed the LPS induced mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) and JAK/STAT activations. In conclusion, our findings suggest that hispidin may be a new therapeutic target for clinical treatment of macrophages-mediated inflammatory responses.
What is the significance of the traditional pinching mode of holding chopsticks?
Authors: Shimomura Yoshihiro , Ohsawa Takeaki , Shimura Megumi , Xia Yali , Iwanaga Koichi , Katsuura Tetsuo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of manipulation mode of chopsticks on the learning process, using assessment of task performance and electromyography, and to understand the significance of the traditional manipulation mode from the viewpoint of physiological anthropology. Previous studies have described two modes of manipulating chopsticks, the traditional pincers-pinching mode and the scissors-pinching mode.

Methods
We conducted experiments with two conditions of holding chopsticks: scissors mode and pincers mode. Eight subjects participated and were assigned to these modes, and they learned handling tasks in their assigned mode for 5 days with the non-dominant hand. We measured task execution times and conducted electromyography of the following muscles: first dorsalis interosseus, flexor pollicis brevis, flexor digiti minimi brevis, flexor digitorum superficialis, and extensor digitorum.

Results
The training effects were found in each mode. The pincers mode showed significantly shorter task performance times than did scissors mode. On electromyography, significant increases in activity of flexor digiti minimi brevis and tended an increase in flexor digitorum superficialis and a decrease in extensor digitorum occurred in pincers mode but not in scissors mode.

Conclusions
The traditional mode of holding chopsticks was associated with not only high task performance but also an advantage in terms of learning motor control.
Early recovery following new onset anosmia during the COVID-19 pandemic – an observational cohort study
Authors: Hopkins Claire , Surda Pavol , Whitehead Emily , Kumar B. Nirmal 
Published: May 2020

Background A rapidly evolving evidence suggests that smell and taste disturbance are common symptoms in COVID-19 infection. As yet there are no reports on duration and recovery rates. We set out to characterise patients reporting new onset smell and taste disturbance during the COVID-19 pandemic and report on early recovery rates. Methods Online Survey of patients reporting self-diagnosed new onset smell and taste disturbance during the COVID-19 pandemic, with 1 week follow-up. Results Three hundred eighty-two patents completed bot an initial and follow-up survey. 86.4% reported complete anosmia and a further 11.5% a very severe loss of smell at the time of completing the first survey. At follow-up 1 week later, there is already significant improvement in self-rating of severity of olfactory loss. 80.1% report lower severity scores at follow-up, 17.6% are unchanged and 1.9% are worse. 11.5% already report compete resolution at follow up, while 17.3% report persistent complete loss of smell, with reported duration being 1 to over 4 weeks. This is reflected in the overall cumulative improvement rate of 79% patients overall in the interval between surveys. Conclusions A review of the growing evidence base supports the likelihood that out cohort have suffered olfactory loss as part of COVID-19 infection. While early recovery rates are encouraging, long term rates will need to be further investigated and there may be an increase in patients with persistent post-viral loss as a result of the pandemic. We further call for loss of sense of smell to be formerly recognised as a marker of COVID-19 infection.