bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of primary skin cancer during a pandemic: Multidisciplinary recommendations
Authors: Baumann Brian C. , MacArthur Kelly M. , Brewer Jerry D. , Mendenhall William M. , Barker Christopher A. , Etzkorn Jeremy R. , Jellinek Nathaniel J. , Scott Jeffrey F. , Gay Hiram A. , Baumann John C. , Manian Farrin A. , Devlin Phillip M. , Michalski Jeff M. , Lee Nancy Y. , Thorstad Wade L. , Wilson Lynn D. , Perez Carlos A. , Miller Christopher J. 
Published: June 2020

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, providers and patients must engage in shared decision making regarding the pros and cons of early versus delayed interventions for localized skin cancer. Patients at highest risk of COVID‐19 complications are older; are immunosuppressed; and have diabetes, cancer, or cardiopulmonary disease, with multiple comorbidities associated with worse outcomes. Physicians must weigh the patient's risk of COVID‐19 complications in the event of exposure against the risk of worse oncologic outcomes from delaying cancer therapy. Herein, the authors have summarized current data regarding the risk of COVID‐19 complications and mortality based on age and comorbidities and have reviewed the literature assessing how treatment delays affect oncologic outcomes. They also have provided multidisciplinary recommendations regarding the timing of local therapy for early‐stage skin cancers during this pandemic with input from experts at 11 different institutions. For patients with Merkel cell carcinoma, the authors recommend prioritizing treatment, but a short delay can be considered for patients with favorable T1 disease who are at higher risk of COVID‐19 complications. For patients with melanoma, the authors recommend delaying the treatment of patients with T0 to T1 disease for 3 months if there is no macroscopic residual disease at the time of biopsy. Treatment of tumors ≥T2 can be delayed for 3 months if the biopsy margins are negative. For patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, those with Brigham and Women's Hospital T1 to T2a disease can have their treatment delayed for 2 to 3 months unless there is rapid growth, symptomatic lesions, or the patient is immunocompromised. The treatment of tumors ≥T2b should be prioritized, but a 1‐month to 2‐month delay is unlikely to worsen disease‐specific mortality. For patients with squamous cell carcinoma in situ and basal cell carcinoma, treatment can be deferred for 3 months unless the individual is highly symptomatic.
Plasmonic Photocatalysts for Sunlight‐Driven Reduction of CO2: Details, Developments, and Perspectives
Authors: Vu Nhu‐Nang , Kaliaguine Serge , Do Trong‐On 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPlasmonic photocatalysis is among the most efficient processes for the photoreduction of CO2 into valuable fuels. The formation of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), energy transfer, and surface reaction are the significant steps in this process. LSPR plays an essential role in the performance of plasmonic photocatalysts as it promotes an excellent, light absorption over a broad wavelength range while simultaneously facilitating an efficient energy transfer to semiconductors. The LSPR transfers energy to a semiconductor through various mechanisms, which have both advantages and disadvantages. This work points out four critical features for plasmonic photocatalyst design, that is, plasmonic materials, size, shape of plasmonic nanoparticles (PNPs), and the contact between PNPs and semiconductor. Various developed plasmonic photocatalysts, as well as their photocatalytic performance in CO2 photoreduction, are reviewed and discussed. Finally, perspectives of advanced architectures and structural engineering for plasmonic photocatalyst design are put forward with high expectations to achieve an efficient CO2 photoreduction shortly.
Recent Advances on Imidazolium‐Functionalized Organic Cationic Polymers for CO2 Adsorption and Simultaneous Conversion into Cyclic Carbonates
Authors: Luo Rongchang , Liu Xiangying , Chen Min , Liu Baoyu , Fang Yanxiong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe cycloaddition reaction of CO2 with various epoxides to generate cyclic carbonates is one of the most promising and efficient approaches for CO2 fixation. Typical imidazolium‐based ionic liquids possessing electrophilic cations and nucleophilic halogen anions have been identified as excellent and environmentally friendly candidates for synergistically activating epoxides to convert CO2. Therefore, the feasible construction of a series of imidazolium‐functionalized organic cationic polymers can bridge the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, thereby obtaining highly selective CO2 adsorption and simultaneous conversion ability. This Review describes the recent advancements made with regard to the design and synthesis of this type of polymeric networks having imidazolium functionality. They are considered as an outstanding heterogeneous catalyst for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides. Based on the perspective from the design of building blocks to the synthesis of cationic polymers, the focus mainly lies on how to introduce imidazole units into the material backbone via a covalent linking approach and how to incorporate other active sites capable of activating CO2 and/or epoxides into such polymeric materials.
Intoxication cases associated with the novel designer drug 3′,4′‐methylenedioxy‐α‐pyrrolidinohexanophenone and studies on its human metabolism using high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Grapp Marcel , Kaufmann Christoph , Schwelm Hannes M. , Neukamm Merja A. , Blaschke Sabine , Eidizadeh Abass 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAmong the increasing number of new psychoactive substances, 3′,4′‐methylenedioxy‐α‐pyrrolidinohexanophenone (MDPHP) belongs to the group of synthetic cathinones, which are the derivatives of the naturally occurring compound cathinone, the main psychoactive ingredient in the khat plant. Currently, only limited data are available for MDPHP, and no information is available on its human metabolism. We describe the toxicological investigation of nine cases associated with the use of MDPHP during the period February–June 2019. Serum MDPHP concentrations showed a high variability ranging from 3.3 to 140 ng/mL (mean 30.3 ng/mL and median 16 ng/mL). Intoxication symptoms of the described cases could not be explained by the abuse of MDPHP alone because in all cases the co‐consumption of other psychotropic drugs with frequent occurrence of opiates and benzodiazepines could be verified. Therefore, the patients showed different clinical symptoms, including aggressive behaviour, delayed physical response, loss of consciousness and coma. Liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry was successfully used to investigate the human in vivo metabolism of MDPHP using authentic human urine samples. The metabolism data for MDPHP were further substantiated by the analysis of human urine using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS, a widely used systematic toxicological analysis method appropriate for the toxicological detection of MDPHP intake), which revealed the presence of seven phase I metabolites and three phase II metabolites as glucuronides. GC‐MS spectral data for MDPHP and metabolites are provided. The identified metabolite pattern corroborates the principal metabolic pathways of α‐pyrrolidinophenones in humans.
Eating and exercise behaviors in eating disorders and the general population during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia: Initial results from the COLLATE project
Authors: Phillipou Andrea , Meyer Denny , Neill Erica , Tan Eric J. , Toh Wei Lin , Van Rheenen Tamsyn E. , Rossell Susan L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveEmerging evidence suggests that the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic may be negatively impacting mental health. The impact on eating and exercise behaviors is, however, currently unknown. This study aimed to identify changes in eating and exercise behaviors in an Australian sample among individuals with an eating disorder, and the general population, amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic outbreak.MethodA total of 5,469 participants, 180 of whom self‐reported an eating disorder history, completed questions relating to changes in eating and exercise behaviors since the emergence of the pandemic, as part of the COLLATE (COvid‐19 and you: mentaL heaLth in AusTralia now survEy) project; a national survey launched in Australia on April 1, 2020.ResultsIn the eating disorders group, increased restricting, binge eating, purging, and exercise behaviors were found. In the general population, both increased restricting and binge eating behaviors were reported; however, respondents reported less exercise relative to before the pandemic.DiscussionThe findings have important implications for providing greater monitoring and support for eating disorder patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In addition, the mental and physical health impacts of changed eating and exercise behaviors in the general population need to be acknowledged and monitored for potential long‐term consequences.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on eating disorder risk and symptoms
Authors: Rodgers Rachel F. , Lombardo Caterina , Cerolini Silvia , Franko Debra L. , Omori Mika , Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz Matthew , Linardon Jake , Courtet Philippe , Guillaume Sebastien 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe current COVID‐19 pandemic has created a global context likely to increase eating disorder (ED) risk and symptoms, decrease factors that protect against EDs, and exacerbate barriers to care. Three pathways exist by which this pandemic may exacerbate ED risk. One, the disruptions to daily routines and constraints to outdoor activities may increase weight and shape concerns, and negatively impact eating, exercise, and sleeping patterns, which may in turn increase ED risk and symptoms. Relatedly, the pandemic and accompanying social restrictions may deprive individuals of social support and adaptive coping strategies, thereby potentially elevating ED risk and symptoms by removing protective factors. Two, increased exposure to ED‐specific or anxiety‐provoking media, as well as increased reliance on video conferencing, may increase ED risk and symptoms. Three, fears of contagion may increase ED symptoms specifically related to health concerns, or by the pursuit of restrictive diets focused on increasing immunity. In addition, elevated rates of stress and negative affect due to the pandemic and social isolation may also contribute to increasing risk. Evaluating and assessing these factors are key to better understanding the impact of the pandemic on ED risk and recovery and to inform resource dissemination and targets.
Calculating the value of the commons: Generating resilient urban futures
Authors: Petrescu Doina , Petcou Constantin , Safri Maliha , Gibson Katherine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this article, we present a method for valuing the multidimensional aspects of urban commons. This method draws from and contributes to a broader conception of social or community returns on investment, using the case and data of a vibrant project, strategy, and model of ecological resilience, R‐Urban, on the outskirts of Paris. R‐Urban is based on networks of urban commons and collective hubs supporting civic resilience practices. We use data from 2015, the year before one of the hubs was evicted from its site by a municipal administration that could not see the value of an “urban farm” compared to a parking lot. We combine estimates of the direct revenues generated for a host of activities that took place in R‐Urban, including an urban farm, community recycling centre, a greenhouse, community kitchen, compost school, café, a teaching space, and a mini‐market. We then estimate the market value of volunteer labour put into running the sites, in addition to the value of training and education conducted through formal and informal channels, and the new jobs and earnings that were generated due to R‐Urban activity. Finally, we estimate the monetary value of the savings made by an environmentally conscious design that focused on water recycling, soil and biodiversity improvement, and social and health benefits, breaking them down by savings to the organization, participants and households involved in R‐Urban itself, as well as savings to the state and the planet. Although our article is built on specific quantities from a concrete project, the method has wide applicability to urban commons of many types seeking to demonstrate the worth and value of all their many facets and activities.
Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors as diuretic adjuvants in acute decompensated heart failure: a case series
Authors: Griffin Matthew , Riello Ralph , Rao Veena S. , Ivey-Miranda Juan , Fleming James , Maulion Christopher , McCallum Wendy , Sarnak Mark , Collins Sean , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Testani Jeffrey M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsDiuretic resistance is common in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). When loop diuretic monotherapy is ineffective, thiazides are often recommended as adjunctive therapy, but these agents have many side effects and are associated with worsened survival. In contrast, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2i's), initially developed as glucose‐lowering medications for type 2 diabetes, improve heart failure outcomes. A candidate contributory mechanism for this benefit is their diuretic effects. We sought to describe the safety and efficacy of SGLT‐2i's as loop diuretic adjuvants in ADHF.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively analysed patients who received adjuvant SGLT‐2i therapy between August 2016 and June 2018 at Yale‐New Haven Hospital. Thirty‐one patients comprised the cohort, 58% of whom had type 2 diabetes. Compared with the 24 h prior to SGLT‐2i initiation, average weight loss improved (1.0 ± 2.2 kg, P = 0.03 at Day 1; 1.7 ± 4.9 kg, P = 0.08 at Day 2; and 2.1 ± 5.6 kg, P = 0.06 at Day 3), as did urine output (3.7 ± 2.0 L, P = 0.002 at Day 1; 3.4 ± 1.7 L, P = 0.02 at Day 2; and 3.1 ± 1.7 L, P = 0.02 at Day 3) while loop diuretic dosing remaining stable. Creatinine remained unchanged during the 3 days after initiation, as did blood pressure and the incidence of hypokalaemia (P = NS for all).ConclusionsIn this cohort of patients with ADHF, SGLT‐2i's improved weight loss, urine output, and diuretic efficiency without worsening of creatinine, potassium, or blood pressure. Further study of SGLT‐2i's as a loop diuretic adjuvant is warranted.
Peripheral and central nervous system correlates in fibromyalgia
Authors: Vecchio Eleonora , Lombardi Raffaella , Paolini Matilde , Libro Giuseppe , Delussi Marianna , Ricci Katia , Quitadamo Silvia G. , Gentile Eleonora , Girolamo Francesco , Iannone Florenzo , Lauria Giuseppe , de Tommaso Marina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundFibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome characterized by altered pain processing at central and peripheral level, whose pathophysiologic mechanisms remain obscure. We aimed at exploring the structural changes of peripheral nociceptor measured by skin biopsy, the functional changes of central nociceptive pathway assessed by laser‐evoked potentials (LEP), and their correlation with clinical features and comorbidities.MethodsIn all, 81 patients diagnosed with FM underwent skin biopsies with quantification of intraepidermal nerve fibre density (IENFD) at the thigh and distal leg, and LEP recording by stimulating hand, thigh and foot. Nerve conduction study (NCS), clinical features, comorbidity with migraine and mood disorders, and previous, non‐active immune‐mediated disorders were recorded.ResultsIntraepidermal nerve fibre density was reduced in 85% of patients at the thigh and in 12.3% of patients at the distal leg, whereas it was normal in 14.8% of patients. N2P2 habituation index from laser stimulation at the thigh was altered in 97.5% of patients and correlated with reduced IENFD at the thigh. LEP latencies and amplitudes did not differ among groups. No association was found between IENFD, LEP, clinical features and comorbidities.ConclusionsFibromyalgia patients most commonly showed a mild loss of peripheral nociceptors at the thigh rather than distal small fibre neuropathy. This finding was associated with an altered habituation index and strengthened the hypothesis that central sensitization plays a key role in the pathogenesis of the disease.SignificanceCentral impairment of pain processing likely underlies FM, which in most patients is associated with mild proximal small fibre pathology.
RETRACTED: Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) and immunity booster green foods: A mini review
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Sajid , Khan Urooj , Sadiq Anam , Khalid Waseem , Hussain Muhammad , Yasmeen Ammara , Asghar Zubia , Rehana Hafiza 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis review focused on the use of plant‐based foods for enhancing the immunity of all aged groups against COVID‐19. In humans, coronaviruses are included in the spectrum of viruses that cause the common cold and, recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Emerging infectious diseases, such as SARS present a major threat to public health. The novel coronavirus has spread rapidly to multiple countries and has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. COVID‐19 is usually caused a virus to which most probably the people with low immunity response are being affected. Plant‐based foods increased the intestinal beneficial bacteria which are helpful and make up of 85% of the immune system. By the use of plenty of water, minerals like magnesium and Zinc, micronutrients, herbs, food rich in vitamins C, D and E, and better life style one can promote the health and can overcome this infection. Various studies investigated that a powerful antioxidant glutathione and a bioflavonoid quercetin may prevent various infections including COVID‐19. In conclusion, the plant‐based foods play a vital role to enhance the immunity of people to control of COVID‐19.
An experiment revealing the ability of a side‐scan sonar to detect CO2 bubbles in shallow seas
Authors: Uchimoto Keisuke , Nishimura Makoto , Watanabe Yuji , Xue Ziqiu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWith the aim of using side‐scan sonar (SSS) in marine monitoring at offshore CO2 storage sites, an experiment was conducted in a bay with a flat seabed, approximately 32 m deep. CO2 bubbles released at regulated rates between 500 and 5000 mL min−1 were searched for with SSS to elucidate the detection limit, which depends on the towing speed and the altitude of SSS, and the horizontal distance between the release point and SSS. When the towing speed was less than 6 knots, SSS was able to detect CO2 bubbles released at 1000 mL min−1 (approximately 4 tonnes year−1), which is an extremely small rate compared with injection rates in commercial scale storage, O(106) tonnes year−1. The time required for searching an area of 1 km2 with SSS was estimated to be between 1.7 and 3.4 hours, assuming that SSS was towed at an altitude of 27 m. Thus, SSS was demonstrated to be serviceable for marine monitoring. pH measured at 5 m away from the release point dropped by larger than 0.05 four times during the experiment. Only one of them might have been due to the CO2 release, and the others were due to intrusion of water from deeper layers because temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen simultaneously changed. This indicates that bubble searching with SSS could detect smaller‐scale CO2 leakages than locating anomalous carbonate values, although the latter is still important in case all or most of CO2 dissolve before the emission to the sea. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon monoxide controls microglial erythrophagocytosis by regulating CD36 surface expression to reduce the severity of hemorrhagic injury
Authors: Kaiser Sandra , Selzner Lisa , Weber Janick , Schallner Nils 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicroglial erythrophagocytosis is crucial in injury response to hemorrhagic stroke. We hypothesized that regulation of microglial erythrophagocytosis via HO‐1/CO depends on a pathway involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) and CD36 surface‐expression. The microglial BV‐2 cell line and primary microglia (PMG) were incubated +/−blood and +/−CO‐exposure. PMG isolated from tissue‐specific HO‐1‐deficient (LyzM‐Cre‐Hmox1
fl/fl) and CD36
−/− mice or siRNA against AMPK (AMP‐activated protein kinase) were used to test our hypothesis. In a murine subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) model, we compared neuronal injury in wild‐type and CD36
−/− mice. Readouts included vasospasm, microglia activation, neuronal apoptosis, and spatial memory. We observed increased microglial HO‐1‐expression after blood‐exposure. A burst in ROS‐production was seen after CO‐exposure, which led to increased amounts of phosphorylated AMPK with subsequently enhanced CD36 surface‐expression. Naïve PMG from LyzM‐Cre‐Hmox1
fl/fl mice showed reduced ROS‐production and CD36 surface‐expression and failed to respond to CO with increased CD36 surface‐expression. Lack of HO‐1 and CD36 resulted in reduced erythrophagocytosis that could not be rescued with CO. Erythrophagocytosis was enhanced in BV‐2 cells in the presence of exogenous CO, which was abolished in cells treated with siRNA to AMPK. CD36
−/− mice subjected to SAH showed enhanced neuronal cell death, which resulted in impaired spatial memory function. We demonstrate that microglial phagocytic function partly depends on a pathway involving HO‐1 with changes in ROS‐production, phosphorylated AMPK, and surface expression of CD36. CD36 was identified as a crucial component in blood clearance after hemorrhage that ultimately determines neuronal outcome. These results demand further investigations studying the potential neuroprotective properties of CO.
Coronavirus disease 2019—The principles of the curve, explained simply
Authors: Jozaghi Yelda 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the setting of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the concept of the disease curve has become ubiquitous in medicine and across society. Nevertheless, even among medical specialists, there are common misconception about the curve and how it affects population outcomes. This article provides a simple review of the various population dynamics at play. Principles such as the area under the curve and the threshold of capacity are discussed and simply conceptualized. Understanding the fundamental characteristics of a problem can allow us to see it with more clarity. By the end of the article, the reader will gain an effortless a sense of insight on this topic.