bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An EAGLE view of the missing baryons
Authors: Tuominen T. , Nevalainen J. , Tempel E. , Kuutma T. , Wijers N. , Schaye J. , Heinämäki P. , Bonamente M. , Ganeshaiah Veena P. 
Published: December 2020

Context. A significant fraction of the predicted baryons remain undetected in the local Universe. We adopted the common assumption that a large fraction of the missing baryons correspond to the hot (log T(K) = 5.5–7) phase of the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM). We base our missing baryons search on the scenario whereby the WHIM has been heated up via accretion shocks and galactic outflows, and it is concentrated towards the filaments of the cosmic web.
Aims. Our aim is to improve the observational search for the poorly detected hot WHIM.
Methods. We detected the filamentary structure within the EAGLE hydrodynamical simulation by applying the Bisous formalism to the galaxy distribution. To test the reliability of our results, we used the MMF/NEXUS+ classification of the large-scale environment of the dark matter component in EAGLE. We then studied the spatio-thermal distribution of the hot baryons within the extracted filaments.
Results. While the filaments occupy only ≈5% of the full simulation volume, the diffuse hot intergalactic medium in filaments amounts to ≈23%−25% of the total baryon budget, or ≈79%−87% of all the hot WHIM. The optimal filament sample, with a missing baryon mass fraction of ≈82%, is obtained by selecting Bisous filaments with a high galaxy luminosity density. For these filaments, we derived analytic formulae for the radial gas density and temperature profiles, consistent with recent Planck Sunyaev-Zeldovich and cosmic microwave background lensing observations within the central r ≈ 1 Mpc.
Conclusions. Results from the EAGLE simulation suggest that the missing baryons are strongly concentrated towards the filament axes. Since the filament finding methods used here are applicable to galaxy surveys, a large fraction of the missing baryons can be localised by focusing the observational efforts on the central ∼1 Mpc regions of the filaments. To optimise the observational signal, it is beneficial to focus on the filaments with the highest galaxy luminosity densities detected in the optical data.
Planet cartography with neural learned regularization
Authors: Asensio Ramos A. , Pallé E. 
Published: December 2020

Aims.Finding potential life harboring exo-Earths with future telescopes is one of the aims of exoplanetary science. Detecting signatures of life in exoplanets will likely first be accomplished by determining the bulk composition of the planetary atmosphere via reflected or transmitted spectroscopy. However, a complete understanding of the habitability conditions will surely require mapping the presence of liquid water, continents, and/or clouds. Spin-orbit tomography is a technique that allows us to obtain maps of the surface of exoplanets around other stars using the light scattered by the planetary surface.Methods.We leverage the enormous potential of deep learning, and propose a mapping technique for exo-Earths in which the regularization is learned from mock surfaces. The solution of the inverse mapping problem is posed as a deep neural network that can be trained end-to-end with suitable training data. Since we still lack observational data of the surface albedo of exoplanets, in this work we propose methods based on the procedural generation of planets, inspired by what we have found on Earth. We also consider mapping the recovery of surfaces and the presence of persistent clouds in cloudy planets, a much more challenging problem.Results.We show that reliable mapping can be carried out with our approach, producing very compact continents, even when using single-passband observations. More importantly, if exoplanets are partially cloudy like the Earth is, we show that it is possible to map the distribution of persistent clouds that always occur in the same position on the surface (associated with orography and sea surface temperatures) together with nonpersistent clouds that move across the surface. This will become the first test to perform on an exoplanet for the detection of an active climate system. For small rocky planets in the habitable zone of their stars, this weather system will be driven by water, and the detection can be considered a strong proxy for truly habitable conditions.
Renale Anämie bei Kindern
Authors: Śladowska-Kozłowska Joanna , Schaefer Franz 
Published: December 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGKinder und Jugendliche sind durch eine Anämie bei chronischen Nierenerkrankungen besonders gefährdet. Eine nicht ausreichende Synthese von Erythropoietin, eine reduzierte Erythrozytenlebensdauer, Eisenmangel und Blutverluste steigern das Risiko einer renalen Anämie mit zunehmendem Grad der chronischen Niereninsuffizienz (CKD). Keiner der bislang verfügbaren diagnostischen Parameter reicht allein aus, um den Eisenstatus des Blutes exakt zu beurteilen. Daher sollte die Diagnose erweitert werden und der Retikulozyten-Hämoglobin-Gehalt bzw. das -Äquivalent (CHr/RET-He) gemessen werden. Die Werte spiegeln die aktuelle Bioverfügbarkeit von Eisen für die Erythropoese wider. Zur Standardbehandlung der renalen Anämie gehören seit wenigen Jahrzehnten die Erythropoese stimulierenden Wirkstoffe (ESAs). Diese Therapie schlägt jedoch nicht immer ausreichend an. Doch es gibt es neue Therapieansätze, die hier vorgestellt werden. Hierbei könnten v. a. die oral verabreichbaren HIF-Stabilisatoren (HIF: Hypoxie induzierbarer Faktor) bald eine vielversprechende Therapiealternative für Kinder bieten.
Multi-Micronutrient Supplementation and Immunoglobulin Response in Well-Fed Firefighters
Authors: Santos José Augusto Rodrigues , Fernandes Ricardo J. , Zacca Rodrigo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntensive physical training programs can affect the immune system. This study aims to verify the multi-micronutrient supplementation effects on serum immunoglobulins levels prior to and after a five-week physical training program. Twenty-four male recruit firefighters were randomly allocated into supplemented (with Prisfar Ever-Fit Plus over 35 consecutive days) and placebo groups (n=12 each). Serum immunoglobulins G, A, and M were assessed. Supplementation effect was detected for immunoglobulin G (eta-squared, η2: 0.09; p=0.035; power: 0.56), A (η2: 0.24; p=0.001; power: 0.95), and M (η2: 0.09; p=0.036; power: 0.56). Although immunoglobulin A was different between groups at baseline (mean difference: 42.58; 95%CI: 7.00 to 78.16 mg/dL; p=0.021; d=2.48), within-group (before vs. after five weeks) showed no differences for both supplemented and control groups. In addition, even if immunoglobulin G and M were similar at baseline, immunoglobulin G decreased (mean diff.: 46.4; 95%CI: 6.7 to 86.1 mg/dL; p=0.03; d=0.74) and immunoglobulin M increased (mean diff.: −10.7; 95%CI: −15.8 to −5.5 mg/dL; p=0.001; d=−1.33) in the control group. Although mean values remained within the reference values, changes observed for immunoglobulin G and M may reflect some immune protection for firefighters engaged in recruit training.
Sportwetten: Spielanreize und Risikopotenziale
Authors: Hayer Tobias , Kalke Jens 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren haben gravierende Veränderungen auf dem Sportwettmarkt zu einer deutlichen Erhöhung der Spielanreize geführt. Wettoptionen mit hoher Ereignisfrequenz, die Erschließung des Internets als Zugangsmodalität oder die massive Expansion der Werbetätigkeiten legen die Hypothese nahe, dass es sich bei den modernen Formen des Sportwettens nicht mehr nur um harmlose Freizeitangebote handelt. Übergeordnetes Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es, die mit diesem Entwicklungstrend verbundenen zentralen Risikopotenziale zu bestimmen. Die mittels eines narrativen Reviews zusammengestellten Befunde verweisen auf Produktebene primär auf ein hohes Suchtpotenzial von Live-Wetten (inkl. Mikrowetten). Auf personaler Ebene erhöhen insbesondere das männliche Geschlecht, ein junges Lebensalter, eine ausgeprägte Risikoneigung sowie das Vorliegen kognitiver Verzerrungen im Sinne von Kontrollillusionen die Wahrscheinlichkeit, von sportwettbezogenen Problemen betroffen zu sein. Zu den umgebungsbezogenen Risikofaktoren zählen in erster Linie das Setting „Sportverein“ und ein hohes Ausmaß an Werbeexposition. In der Gesamtschau verweisen diese Erkenntnisse somit auf die dringliche Notwendigkeit, diesem Entwicklungstrend präventiv wie regulativ entgegenzusteuern.
Direct Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Williams Travis J. , Cherepakhin Valeriy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids is a fundamental transformation in organic chemistry, yet despite its simplicity, extensive use, and relationship to pH, it remains a subject of active research for synthetic organic chemists. Since 2013, a great number of new methods have emerged that utilize transition-metal compounds as catalysts for acceptorless dehydrogenation of alcohols to carboxylates. The interest in this reaction is explained by its atom economy, which is in accord with the principles of sustainability and green chemistry. Therefore, the methods for the direct synthesis of carboxylic acids from alcohols is ripe for a modern survey, which we provide in this review.1 Introduction2 Thermodynamics of Primary Alcohol Oxidation3 Oxometalate Oxidation4 Transfer Dehydrogenation5 Acceptorless Dehydrogenation6 Electrochemical Methods7 Outlook
Mironov Lagrangian cycles in algebraic varieties
Authors: Tyurin N. A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We generalize a construction due to Mironov. Some time ago he presented new examples of minimal and Hamiltonian minimal Lagrangian submanifolds in

and

. His construction is based on the considerations of a noncomplete toric action of

, where

, on subspaces that are invariant with respect to the action of a natural antiholomorphic involution. This situation takes place for a rather broad class of algebraic varieties: complex quadrics, Grassmannians, flag varieties and so on, which makes it possible to construct many new examples of Lagrangian submanifolds in these algebraic varieties.
Bibliography: 4 titles.
Cratylus 439D3–440C1
Authors: Noriega-Olmos Simon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Some interpreters take the arguments at Cratylus 439D3–440C1 to argue for Forms. Some interpreters also
believe that these arguments are elliptical or contain lacunae. I accept that the arguments are elliptical. However, I deny
that they contain lacunae. I present the most natural construal of the text and argue that it neither trades on Forms nor
postulates Forms. To make my case, I show that Cratylus 439D3–440C1 has a modest end, which is to refute a particular
notion of flux.
Sind Praxis und Poiesis fundamental verschieden?
Authors: Gerlach Stefan 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungZur aristotelischen Unterscheidung von Herstellen und Handeln (Poiesis und Praxis) gibt es zwei konkurrierende Interpretationen: nach der einen betrifft der Unterschied zwei verschiedene Aspekte an Handlungen, nach der anderen verschiedene Typen von Handlungen. Für eine Entscheidung dieser Frage sind systematische und exegetische Gesichtspunkte zu trennen: zwar bietet die aristotelische Textbasis Belege für beide Seiten, allerdings zeigt die systematische Untersuchung, dass eine zwei-Typen-Lesart sachlich verfehlt ist. Handlungen lassen sich nicht sinnvoll unterteilen in solche, die ihr Ziel lediglich außer sich, aber kein Ziel in sich haben und umgekehrt. Stattdessen sind sie notwendig von einer doppelten Zielsetzung geleitet, bei welcher der Vollzug der Handlung in deren Vollendung münden soll.
Mining-induced violent resistance: the case of salt mining near Keta lagoon
Authors: Atta-Quayson Alhassan , Baidoo Amina H. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
There has been an upsurge in mining-induced violent resistance within the vicinity of Keta lagoon in Ghana that questions the legitimacy of ongoing large-scale salt production by Kensington Salt Industries Ltd. Between 2013 and 2017, there was a series of violent protests and clashes at Adina and adjoining communities at the eastern banks of Keta lagoon, leading to deaths and to destruction of the company’s property and equipment. The upsurge of mining-induced violent resistance in Keta follows the displacement of thousands of indigenes and growing state preference for large-scale projects in the salt sector. The article thus questions the credibility of the company’s permits and calls on relevant state agencies to engage Kensington and the affected communities to address the outlined factors responsible for the resistance and conflict. This must be done in accordance with the minerals and mining policy framework as well as regional and continental policy initiatives that the government has committed to.
Horses for courses. The roles of IPE and Global Public Policy in global energy research
Authors: Goldthau Andreas , Sitter Nick 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Although IPE and GPP overlap conceptionally and empirically, there is a case for keeping GPP and IPE analytically distinct. To simplify: GPP tells us why we need international regimes for energy, while IPE tells us why we only have incomplete ones. Although many scholars draw on both sets of literatures, the two approaches to the study of energy market, regulation and politics entail asking different types of questions based on distinct theories and assumptions. The central propositions in this article are that i) in a rapidly changing world of energy scholars from both camps need to be aware of and open to insights from the other school; ii) that the distinction between market-focused liberal scholars on one hand and security-oriented or realist scholars on the other is increasingly important; and iii) that although IPE and GPP scholars can fruitfully accommodate insights from each others literature, the two approaches to the study of energy policy are best valued by their own analytical contribution – even as we grapple with new, cross-cutting issues such as the geopolitics and geo-economics of global energy transitions.
Velocity preserving transfer between highly excited atomic states: black body radiation and collisions
Authors: de Aquino Carvalho J C , Maurin I , Failache H , Bloch D , Laliotis A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study the excitation redistribution from cesium 7P1/2 or 7P3/2 to neighboring energy levels by black body radiation (BBR) and inter atomic collisions using pump-probe spectroscopy inside a vapor cell. At low vapor densities we measure redistribution of the initial, velocity-selected, atomic excitation by BBR. This redistribution preserves the selected atomic velocities allowing us to perform high resolution spectroscopy of the 6D → 7F transitions. This transfer mechanism could also be used to perform sub-Doppler spectroscopy of the cesium highly-excited nG levels. At high densities we observe interatomic collisions redistributing the excitation within the cesium 7P fine and hyperfine structure. We show that 7P redistribution involves state-changing collisions that preserve the initial selection of atomic velocities. These redistribution mechanisms can be of importance for experiments probing high lying excited states in dense alkali vapor.
Hydrogen sulfide gas sensor based on TiO2–ZnO composite sensing membrane-coated no-core fiber
Authors: Feng Wenlin , Yang Xiaozhan , He Zhiyong , Liu Min 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A novel hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas sensor based on multimode interference is proposed and presented. The sensor is constructed by a 30 mm no-core fiber (NCF) and two 30 mm thin-core fibers (TCFs). The first part of the TCF is excited by the high-order modes, in the second part of TCF, the basic core and high-order modes are coupled to the last single-mode fiber, which can induce inter-mode interference. Titanium dioxide–zinc oxide (TiO2–ZnO) composite film is coated on the outside surface of the NCF by the dip-coating method. The experimental results indicate that there is a good linear relationship between the wavelength shift and the different H2S gas concentrations. The sensor has a sensitivity of 21.26 pm ppm−1 in the gas range of 0–50 ppm H2S. In addition, the TiO2–ZnO composite sensing membrane has good selectivity for H2S gas. The response and recovery times are about 90 s and 115 s, respectively. The sensor has the advantages of simple structure, high sensitivity, easy manufacture and could be used in toxic H2S gas monitoring.
Deep-level impurities hyperdoped diamond: a first-principles calculations
Authors: Dong Xiao , Wang Tianxing , An Yipeng , Wang Yongyong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A hyperdoped diamond material is engineered by first-principles calculations in this work. Several deep-level elements, such as S, Se, Te, Co, Au, V, Ni, are chosen as dopants in the diamond. The formation energy results show that the substitutional configuration of the dopants is more stable than the interstitial ones. The substitutional configurations of chalcogen dopants (S, Se, Te) can introduce a nearly filled intermediate band (IB) in the upper half of the bandgap of the diamond. The substitutional configurations of several transition metals, such as Co, Au, V, Ni, and Cu, can form partially filled IB(s) near the center of the bandgap, which is more appropriate than that formed by the chalcogens. The dielectric function results indicate that all of these deep-level elements can lead to the sub-bandgap absorption and the absorption range and intensity vary dramatically with different dopants. Among these dopants, Co, Au, and Cu exhibit a special strong sub-bandgap absorption in a longer wavelength range, which would make the material to be an excellent photoelectric device. With reducing the concentration of the transition metal dopants, the IBs in the bandgap are narrower and tend to separate from each other and the sub-bandgap absorptions reduce sharply. Our conclusions imply that the photoelectric properties of the novel diamond material would be modulated by changing the dopant types and concentrations.
A pneumatic piston-released rapid compression machine for chemical kinetics studies at elevated pressure and low to intermediate temperatures
Authors: Nyong Oku Ekpenyong , Woolley Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This work presents a pneumatically operated piston released rapid compression machine (PRRCM) designed at the University of Sheffield that introduces a new set of pneumatic systems to lock/release the piston from its initial position. It is pneumatically operated to compress gas mixture to an adiabatically thermodynamic state and stopped hydraulically. The range of compression ratios of the facility is between 4.4 and 20. The end of compressed gas temperature, T
c and pressure, P
c obtained within the facility is approximately 1000 K and 22 bar respectively. The performance of the Sheffield piston released rapid compression machine (SHEF-PRRCM) facility has been characterised to ensure a high level of fidelity of experimental data over a range of test conditions. The performance test was conducted for a nonreactive test using nitrogen and argon, the result demonstrated a repeatable pressure trace. Repeatability test for the reactive mixtures was also demonstrated. Further study on ignition characteristics of aviation fuel (Jet A-1) and Banner NP1014 known as Bannersol in SHEF-PRRCM was conducted over T
c of 723 K ⩽ T
c ⩽ 884 K, P
c = 6 and 10 bar at ϕ = 0.75 and 1.0. The influence of pressure, temperature and equivalence ratio was seen on the oxidation of Jet A-1 and Bannersol. The results showed that Bannersol displayed a negative temperature coefficient behaviour and has higher reactivity than Jet A-1. Besides, a comparative analysis of the current facility with other facilities in literature was carried out, the result showed a fair deviation of the current data from literature and these could be attributed to the inherent non-ideality of heat transfer effects in different rapid compression machine and fairly slight differences in the condition tested. This work has demonstrated the competence of the current facility to carry out further studies on combustion and validation of the chemical kinetics of hydrocarbon fuels.
Structural, optical, photocatalytic, and optoelectronic properties of Zn2SnO4 nanocrystals prepared by hydrothermal method
Authors: Qi Yifang , Meador William E , Xiong Jian , Abbaszadeh Mahsa , Thirumala Rooban Venkatesh K G , Delcamp Jared H , Kundu Santanu , Hill Glake Alton , Dai Qilin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Zn2SnO4 (ZTO) nanocrystals are extensively studied in various fields. However, size-dependent ZTO nanocrystals are still challenging to understand their structural, optical, photocatalytic, and optoelectronic properties. ZTO nanocrystals are synthesized by a facile hydrothermal reaction method. The structural properties of the synthesized ZTO nanocrystals are studied by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. The sizes of the ZTO nanocrystals are controlled by the pH values of the precursor and the molar ratios of the Zn:Sn in the starting materials. ZTO nanocrystals with the small size of 6 nm and large size of 270 nm are obtained by our method. The Eu3+ ions are doped into ZTO nanocrystals to probe size-dependent Eu doping sites, which shows significant potential applications in light emitting diode phosphors. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of ZTO nanocrystals on rhodamine (RhB) decoloration are investigated, and the results show that 6 nm ZTO nanocrystals show better performance in the photocatalytic decoloration of RhB compared to 270 nm nanocrystals. Most importantly, we design and fabricate optoelectronic devices to detect IR light based on our nanocrystals and a self-prepared NIR cyanine dye. The device based on small sized ZTO nanocrystals exhibits better device performance under 808 nm IR light compared to that of the large sized ZTO nanocrystals. We believe this work represents ZTO size-dependent properties in term of structural, optical, photocatalytic, and optoelectronic properties as a multifunctional material.
Deposition amount effects on the microstructure of ion-beam-sputtering grown Mn0.03Ge0.97 quantum dots for spintronic applications
Authors: Li Yahui , Li Chen , Tong Haochen , Chen Tao , Li Guangyang , Huang Shizhe , Tang Shumin , Qiu Feng , Yang Jie , Sun Tao , Yang Yu , Wang Chong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Here, a relative simpler and lower cost method, ion beam sputtering deposition was applied to fabricate diluted magnetic Mn
x
Ge1−x
quantum dots (QDs). The effects of Ge–Mn co-deposition amount on the morphology and crystallization of Mn0.03Ge0.97 QDs were investigated systematically by employing the atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy techniques. It can be seen that the morphology, density, and crystallinity of Mn0.03Ge0.97 QDs exhibit unique evolution processes with the increase of Ge–Mn co-sputtering amount. The optimal deposition amount for realizing well size-uniform, large-aspect-ratio, and high-density QDs is also determined. The unique evolution route of diluted magnetic semiconductor QDs and the amount of co-sputtering are also discussed sufficiently.