bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conformance-Based Doping Detection for Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Dimitrova Rayna , Gazda Maciej , Mousavi Mohammad Reza , Biewer Sebastian , Hermanns Holger 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We present a novel and generalised notion of doping cleanness for cyber-physical systems that allows for perturbing the inputs and observing the perturbed outputs both in the time– and value–domains. We instantiate our definition using existing notions of conformance for cyber-physical systems. We show that our generalised definitions are essential in a data-driven method for doping detection and apply our definitions to a case study concerning diesel emission tests.
An Indigenous Australian Cultural Competence Course: Talking Culture, Race and Power
Authors: Fredericks Bronwyn , Bargallie Debbie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCross-cultural training in its various forms has been around in Australia since the 1980s. It has primarily been viewed as a way of improving knowledge and understanding of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and a means to improving service delivery (Fredericks in Contemp Nurse 23:87–99, 2006, Aust J Indigenous Educ 37S:81–89, 2008; Fredericks & Bargallie in Int J Crit Indigenous Stud 9:1–14, 2016). This led to government departments that serviced Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples recognised as leaders in this arena, closely followed by other agencies who offered services.
International Students in Australia, Employability and Cultural Competence
Authors: Nguyen Tran , Hartz Donna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEmployability is often defined as “a set of achievements—skills, understandings and personal attributes—that makes graduates more likely to gain employment and be successful in their chosen occupations, which benefit themselves, the workforce, the community and the economy” (Yorke in Employability in higher education: what it is, what it is not. The Higher Education Academy, York, 2006, p. 8).
Innovative medizinische Betreuungskonzepte für Jugendliche mit extremer Adipositas
Authors: Wabitsch Martin , v. Schnurbein Julia , Vollbach Heike , Lennerz Belinda , Weyhreter Helmut , Wiegand Susanna , Kiess Wieland , Hebebrand Johannes , Brandt Stephanie 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungFür Jugendliche mit extremer Adipositas gibt es bislang kein überzeugendes, wissenschaftsbasiertes Behandlungs- und Betreuungskonzept, weder in Deutschland noch in anderen Ländern. Die betroffenen Jugendlichen haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für zahlreiche somatische Folgeerkrankungen wie Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, orthopädische Störungen und das Schlafapnoesyndrom. Auch psychische Störungen wie Depression und Angststörungen, soziale Phobien und selbstverletzendes Verhalten können sich aufgrund der funktionellen Beeinträchtigungen und der Stigmatisierung entwickeln. Soziale Isolation einschließlich Schulvermeidung und Arbeitslosigkeit können die Folge sein. Trotz dieser negativen Auswirkungen der extremen Adipositas im Jugendalter sind diese Jugendlichen medizinisch schwer zu erreichen und zu behandeln. Nur ein kleiner Prozentsatz der Patienten sucht aktiv nach einer Behandlung.In Kenntnis dieser Schwierigkeiten wurde von 2012–2019 die vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) geförderte JA-Studie (Jugendliche mit extremer Adipositas) durchgeführt mit dem Ziel, die Versorgungskonzepte für diese vernachlässigte Gruppe von Jugendlichen zu verbessern. In unserem Beitrag zeigen wir mögliche Versorgungswege auf. Diese bestehen in der Begleitung der Jugendlichen und der Behandlung von Komorbiditäten, einer nachhaltigen Lebensstilintervention in einem geschützten Umfeld sowie einer Therapie zur Gewichtsreduktion durch Adipositaschirurgie. Übergeordnete Ziele für die Patienten bestehen dabei in einer Steigerung des Selbstwertgefühls, in der frühzeitigen Diagnose und Behandlung von Folgeerkrankungen und in einer Integration in den Ausbildungs- bzw. Arbeitsmarkt.
Simulation assisted process chain design for the manufacturing of bulk hybrid shafts with tailored properties
Authors: Coors Timm , Pape Florian , Kruse Jens , Blohm Thoms , Beermann Rüdiger , Quentin Lorenz , Herbst Sebastian , Langner Jan , Stonis Malte , Kästner Markus , Reithmeier Eduard , Nürnberger Florian , Poll Gerhard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo manufacture semi-finished hybrid workpieces with tailored properties, a finite element simulation assisted process chain design was investigated. This includes the process steps of cross wedge rolling, hot geometry inspection, induction hardening, and fatigue testing. The process chain allows the utilisation of material combinations such as high-strength steels with low-cost and easy to process steels. Here, plasma transferred arc welding is applied to supply the process chain with hybrid specimen featuring different steel grades. An overview of the numerical approaches to consider the various physical phenomena in each of the process steps is presented. The properties of the component behaviour were investigated via the finite element method (FEM) and theoretical approaches. At first, the manufacturing of a hybrid workpiece featuring a near net shape geometry with improved mechanical properties due to recrystallising the weld was computed, using the example of a cross wedge rolling process. The rolling process was designed by means of FEM to determine suitable process parameters and to reduce experimental testing. An optical multi-scale geometry inspection of the hot workpiece is meant to be carried out after each manufacturing step to detect potential undesired forming or cooling-induced deformations. Due to the heat transfer from the hot component to the ambient medium, an optical measurement is affected by the developing inhomogeneous refractive index field in air. To gain a basic understanding of the refractive index field and induced light deflection effects, computations were conducted using heat transfer and ray tracing simulations. According to the proposed process route, a subsequent local heat treatment of the hybrid component is required to adapt the mechanical properties by a spray cooling assisted induction hardening. The heat treatment step was computed via a 2D FEM calculation. After finishing by machining, the hybrid material shafts are examined in fatigue tests under load conditions. To predict the component’s lifetime under rolling contact fatigue, a damage accumulation model was combined with an FE simulation. The resulting residual stress state after quenching and the geometry after the finishing process were used as input data for the fatigue life calculations.
Metabolomic profiling of tumor-infiltrating macrophages during tumor growth
Authors: Umemura Naoki , Sugimoto Masahiro , Kitoh Yusuke , Saio Masanao , Sakagami Hiroshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMyeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are both key immunosuppressive cells that contribute to tumor growth. Metabolism and immunity of tumors depend on the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the intracellular metabolism of MDSCs and TAMs during tumor growth remains unclear. Here, we characterized CD11b+ cells isolated from a tumor-bearing mouse model to compare intratumoral TAMs and intrasplenic MDSCs. Intratumoral CD11b+ cells and intrasplenic CD11b+ cells were isolated from tumor-bearing mice at early and late stages (14 and 28 days post-cell transplantation, respectively). The cell number of intrasplenic CD11b+ significantly increased with tumor growth. These cells included neutrophils holding segmented leukocytes or monocytes with an oval nucleus and Gr-1hi IL-4Rαhi cells without immunosuppressive function against CD8 T cells. Thus, these cells were classified as MDSC-like cells (MDSC-LCs). Intratumoral CD11b+ cells included macrophages with a round nucleus and were F4/80hi Gr-1lo IL-4Rαhi cells. Early stage intratumoral CD11b+ cells inhibited CD8 T cells via TNFα. Thus, this cell population was classified as TAMs. Metabolomic analyses of intratumoral TAMs and MDSC-LCs during tumor growth were conducted. Metabolic profiles of intratumoral TAMs showed larger changes in various metabolic pathways, e.g., glycolysis, TCA cycle, and glutamic acid pathways, during tumor growth compared with MDSL-LCs. Our findings demonstrated that intratumoral TAMs showed an immunosuppressive capacity from the early tumor stage and underwent intracellular metabolism changes during tumor growth. These results clarify the intracellular metabolism of TAMs during tumor growth and contribute to our understanding of tumor immunity.
Frau F. sorgt zunehmend für sich selbst
Authors: Hochgerner Markus , Klampfl Petra 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungAus ihren theoretischen Konzeptionen und ihrer grundsätzlichen Haltung ergibt sich für die Integrative Gestalttherapie (IG) die Notwendigkeit, verschiedene diagnostische Perspektiven einzunehmen und zu integrieren. Die Vielfalt der Perspektiven ermöglicht es, der Absolutsetzung einer Perspektive entgegenzuwirken, und fördert die Einsicht, dass kein Diagnosesystem – sei es noch so ausgefeilt – die Wirklichkeit eines Menschen erfassen kann.Menschen mit defizitären oder traumatisierenden Entwicklungsbedingungen (besonders in den ersten Lebensjahren) haben eingeschränkte Möglichkeiten zur Entwicklung ihrer strukturellen Fähigkeiten. Selbstregulierung, kreative Anpassung und Selbstaktualisierung in verschiedenen Lebensbereichen sind dadurch geprägt und die Lebensqualität oft deutlich beeinträchtigt.Die Integration von Strukturdiagnostik in der IG-Diagnostik durch die Einbeziehung von OPD‑2 ermöglicht eine differenziertere Einschätzung und Orientierung über Ressourcen und Defizite von Patient*innen.Die mehrperspektivische diagnostische Herangehensweise – unter Einbeziehung der in der Leitlinie des Gesundheitsministeriums vorgesehenen Diagnoseschritte bei besonderer Berücksichtigung des unmittelbaren Beziehungsgeschehens und der Entwicklungsgeschichte – ermöglicht eine differenzierte Sicht auf die ganze Person im therapeutischen Kontext und im Lebensumfeld. Das unterstützt eine auf die Person und ihre Verarbeitungsfähigkeit abgestimmte therapeutische Vorgehensweise, Schwerpunktsetzung und Beziehungsgestaltung, welche im therapeutischen Prozess dialogisch den jeweiligen Möglichkeiten und Bedürfnissen der Person angepasst werden kann. Menschen auf gutem Strukturniveau mit konflikthafter Thematik profitieren von anderen therapeutischen Angeboten als Personen mit strukturellen Defiziten.Im folgenden Beitrag soll die Verschränkung von Grundkonzepten der Integrativen Gestalttherapie und zentraler Punkte psychodynamischer Diagnostik (nach OPD-2) skizziert werden. Anhand einer kurzen Fallvignette werden aus diagnostischer und therapeutischer Perspektive und unter besonderer Berücksichtigung struktureller Einschätzung wesentliche therapeutische Vorgehensweisen dargestellt.
Assessment of the method for abrasion resistance determination of sandstones on Böhme abrasion test apparatus
Authors: Strzałkowski Paweł , Kaźmierczak Urszula , Wolny Michał 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe article analyses the method of testing the abrasion resistance of sandstones on Böhme abrasion test apparatus and describes the problems related to the implementation of this test, as well as the interpretation of the results. The tests were conducted in accordance with the requirements of the EN14157 standard on 14 samples of dry and water-saturated sandstones. The analysis of the results showed that the correlation coefficient for the results obtained in the case of dry samples tests in relation to water saturation was 0.944. It was also observed that the loss of volume during the abrasion process in the individual stages of the test is smaller with the increase of rotation on the disc. In the case of dry samples abrasion, the reason for this is the mixing of abrasive grain and worn stone. In the case of samples tested under conditions of water saturation, the sample is covered with the abrasive grain, which in further phases is liquefied and mixed with the worn stone mass. In this case, however, the abrasion is worse in comparison with the samples tested in the dry condition, because the liquid and mixed abrasive grain with the worn rock mass causes the sample to slide, which in turn results in the abrasion volume loss. The control of the abrasion resistance results obtained from the stone abrasion according to the EN14157 standard should be a comparison with the abrasion resistance results obtained in the process of calculating the abrasion volume loss of sample determined from height.
Using Spectral Blurring to Assess Effects of Channel Interaction on Speech-in-Noise Perception with Cochlear Implants
Authors: Goehring Tobias , Arenberg Julie G. , Carlyon Robert P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCochlear implant (CI) listeners struggle to understand speech in background noise. Interactions between electrode channels due to current spread increase the masking of speech by noise and lead to difficulties with speech perception. Strategies that reduce channel interaction therefore have the potential to improve speech-in-noise perception by CI listeners, but previous results have been mixed. We investigated the effects of channel interaction on speech-in-noise perception and its association with spectro-temporal acuity in a listening study with 12 experienced CI users. Instead of attempting to reduce channel interaction, we introduced spectral blurring to simulate some of the effects of channel interaction by adjusting the overlap between electrode channels at the input level of the analysis filters or at the output by using several simultaneously stimulated electrodes per channel. We measured speech reception thresholds in noise as a function of the amount of blurring applied to either all 15 electrode channels or to 5 evenly spaced channels. Performance remained roughly constant as the amount of blurring applied to all channels increased up to some knee point, above which it deteriorated. This knee point differed across listeners in a way that correlated with performance on a non-speech spectro-temporal task, and is proposed here as an individual measure of channel interaction. Surprisingly, even extreme amounts of blurring applied to 5 channels did not affect performance. The effects on speech perception in noise were similar for blurring at the input and at the output of the CI. The results are in line with the assumption that experienced CI users can make use of a limited number of effective channels of information and tolerate some deviations from their everyday settings when identifying speech in the presence of a masker. Furthermore, these findings may explain the mixed results by strategies that optimized or deactivated a small number of electrodes evenly distributed along the array by showing that blurring or deactivating one-third of the electrodes did not harm speech-in-noise performance.
A Nozickian Case for Compulsory Employment Injury Insurance: The Example of Sweatshops
Authors: Bäumlisberger Damian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProduction in sweatshops entails an elevated risk of occupational injury and sickness due to accidents and exposure to dangerous working conditions. As most sweatshop locations lack basic social security systems, health problems have severe consequences for affected workers. Against this background, this article considers what obligations employers of sweatshop labor have to their workers, and how they should meet them. Based on core libertarian concepts, it shows that they are morally responsible for health problems caused by their management decisions, that they should compensate affected workers, and that they must prevent potentially irreversible health problems. In line with Nozick’s contractarian method, the article further argues that these obligations should be implemented through a compulsory employment injury insurance system. Such a system would impose industry-wide health and safety standards, in contrast to the view that libertarianism excludes any labor regulation for the protection of workers, as an illegitimate interference in voluntary labor contracts.
An empirical investigation of performance overhead in cross-platform mobile development frameworks
Authors: Biørn-Hansen Andreas , Rieger Christoph , Grønli Tor-Morten , Majchrzak Tim A. , Ghinea Gheorghita 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe heterogeneity of the leading mobile platforms in terms of user interfaces, user experience, programming language, and ecosystem have made cross-platform development frameworks popular. These aid the creation of mobile applications – apps – that can be executed across the target platforms (typically Android and iOS) with minimal to no platform-specific code. Due to the cost- and time-saving possibilities introduced through adopting such a framework, researchers and practitioners alike have taken an interest in the underlying technologies. Examining the body of knowledge, we, nonetheless, frequently encounter discussions on the drawbacks of these frameworks, especially with regard to the performance of the apps they generate. Motivated by the ongoing discourse and a lack of empirical evidence, we scrutinised the essential piece of the cross-platform frameworks: the bridge enabling cross-platform code to communicate with the underlying operating system and device hardware APIs. The study we present in the article benchmarks and measures the performance of this bridge to reveal its associated overhead in Android apps. The development of the artifacts for this experiment was conducted using five cross-platform development frameworks to generate Android apps, in addition to a baseline native Android app implementation. Our results indicate that – for Android apps – the use of cross-platform frameworks for the development of mobile apps may lead to decreased performance compared to the native development approach. Nevertheless, certain cross-platform frameworks can perform equally well or even better than native on certain metrics which highlights the importance of well-defined technical requirements and specifications for deliberate selection of a cross-platform framework or overall development approach.
Diminished verbal ability among children conceived through ART with exposure to high serum estradiol in utero
Authors: Zhou Cheng-Liang , Xu Gu-Feng , Yang Qian , Wang Hui-Hui , Guo Meng-Xi , Xiong Yi-Meng , Guo Xiao-Yan , Hou Min , Jin Lu-Yang , Sheng Jian-Zhong , He Lin , Jin Li , Huang He-Feng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeHigher serum estradiol levels occur in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) owing to ovarian stimulation. Here, we investigated the association between maternal serum estradiol levels and the intellectual development of offspring conceived with ART.MethodsA total of 204 singletons born after fresh embryo transfer were recruited for this cohort study. Among them, 102 children were born from mothers with high serum estradiol levels (> 12,000 pmol/L) on the day that human chorionic gonadotropin was administered. Another 102 children, matched by gestational age and age of the children, were recruited as controls from mothers with low serum estradiol (≤ 12,000 pmol/L). The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence was used to evaluate the intellectual development of the children.ResultsChildren from mothers with higher serum estradiol levels scored lower in the verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) tests and verbal comprehension than children whose mothers had lower estradiol levels. The main difference between the two groups was in verbal subtests including information, vocabulary, and sorting. Partial correlation analysis revealed that the logarithm of maternal serum estradiol level negatively correlated with verbal IQ, performance IQ, and full scale IQ.ConclusionOur data demonstrate that a high maternal serum estradiol level may negatively associate the verbal ability of children conceived via ART.
Formalizing the LLL Basis Reduction Algorithm and the LLL Factorization Algorithm in Isabelle/HOL
Authors: Thiemann René , Bottesch Ralph , Divasón Jose , Haslbeck Max W. , Joosten Sebastiaan J. C. , Yamada Akihisa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe LLL basis reduction algorithm was the first polynomial-time algorithm to compute a reduced basis of a given lattice, and hence also a short vector in the lattice. It approximates an NP-hard problem where the approximation quality solely depends on the dimension of the lattice, but not the lattice itself. The algorithm has applications in number theory, computer algebra and cryptography. In this paper, we provide an implementation of the LLL algorithm. Both its soundness and its polynomial running-time have been verified using Isabelle/HOL. Our implementation is nearly as fast as an implementation in a commercial computer algebra system, and its efficiency can be further increased by connecting it with fast untrusted lattice reduction algorithms and certifying their output. We additionally integrate one application of LLL, namely a verified factorization algorithm for univariate integer polynomials which runs in polynomial time.
An Equilibrated a Posteriori Error Estimator for Arbitrary-Order Nédélec Elements for Magnetostatic Problems
Authors: Gedicke Joscha , Geevers Sjoerd , Perugia Ilaria 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present a novel a posteriori error estimator for Nédélec elements for magnetostatic problems that is constant-free, i.e. it provides an upper bound on the error that does not involve a generic constant. The estimator is based on equilibration of the magnetic field and only involves small local problems that can be solved in parallel. Such an error estimator is already available for the lowest-degree Nédélec element (Braess and Schöberl in Math Comput 77(262):651-672, 2008) and requires solving local problems on vertex patches. The novelty of our estimator is that it can be applied to Nédélec elements of arbitrary degree. Furthermore, our estimator does not require solving problems on vertex patches, but instead requires solving problems on only single elements, single faces, and very small sets of nodes. We prove reliability and efficiency of the estimator and present several numerical examples that confirm this.