bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontogenetic and trans‐generational dynamics of a vertically transmitted fungal symbiont in an annual host plant in ozone‐polluted settings
Authors: Ueno Andrea C. , Gundel Pedro E. , Ghersa Claudio M. , Demkura Patricia V. , Card Stuart D. , Mace Wade J. , Martínez‐Ghersa María Alejandra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTropospheric ozone is an abiotic stress of increasing importance in the context of global climate change. This greenhouse gas is a potent phytotoxic molecule with demonstrated negative effects on crop yield and natural ecosystems. Recently, oxidative stress has been proposed as a mechanism that could regulate the interaction between cool‐season grasses and Epichloë endophytes. We hypothesized that exposure of Lolium multiflorum plants, hosting endophytes to an ozone‐polluted environment at different ontogenetic phases, would impact the trans‐generational dynamics of the vertically transmitted fungal symbiont. Here, we found that the ozone‐induced stress on the mother plants did not affect the endophyte vertical transmission but it impaired the persistence of the fungus in the seed exposed to artificial ageing. Endophyte longevity in seed was reduced by exposure of the mother plant to ozone. Although ozone exposure did not influence either the endophyte mycelial concentration or their compound defences (loline alkaloids), a positive correlation was observed between host fitness and the concentration of endophyte‐derived defence compounds. This suggests that fungal defences in grass seeds were not all produced in situ but remobilized from the vegetative tissues. Our study reveals ozone trans‐generational effects on the persistence of a beneficial symbiont in a host grass.
Filling in the gaps on FILS syndrome: A case report and literature review
Authors: Eason Chelsea , Aleisa Ahmad , Jones Julie R. , Prijoles Eloise J. , Wine Lee Lara 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFILS syndrome (facial dysmorphism, immunodeficiency, livedo, and short stature) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic alterations in the POLE gene leading to multisystemic manifestations, including poorly characterized skin findings. We report a child with a homozygous variant, c.100C > T (p.Arg34Cys), in POLE and features consistent with poikiloderma, expanding the dermatologic signs associated with this rare disorder. Additionally, we review reported cases of FILS syndrome, discuss possible pathomechanisms for our patient's presentation, and consider implications for management.
How domestication alters fish phenotypes
Authors: Milla Sylvain , Pasquet Alain , El Mohajer Leila , Fontaine Pascal 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDomestication can be defined as the adaptation of an animal to the human environment and its constraints. Accumulating evidence strongly indicates that domestication plays essential roles in modulating the phenotypes of teleosts, despite the scattered information. Animal husbandry and molecular, physiological and behavioural studies have identified a high degree and complexity of biological changes induced by domestication. These phenotypic modifications during domestication vary greatly amongst species and physiological function (e.g. growth, reproduction, response to stress and immunity), probably due to a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that can interfere with phenotypic changes. Indeed, much information about domestication is lacking, which impedes the generalisation of our understanding of the effects of domestication. This review gathers and clarifies the available information about the main effects of fish domestication. We use a broad physiological approach for understanding these biological consequences, from the genesis of domestication (e.g. netting from the wild) to the ultimate step (controlled artificial selection). We also suggest ways to predict the effects of domestication and to better understand the sources of the biological changes.
The expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha in primary reproductive organs of the female yak (Bos grunniens) at different reproductive stages
Authors: Fan Jiangfeng , Yu Yiteng , Han Xiaohong , He Honghong , Luo Yuzhu , Yu Sijiu , Cui Yan , Xu Gengquan , Wang Libin , Pan Yangyang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe yak (Bos grunniens) is the most important livestock animal in high‐altitude regions owing to its prominent adaptability to cold conditions, nutritional deficiencies and hypoxia. The reproductive organs exhibit different histological appearances and physiological processes at different reproductive stages. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐1α) is the regulatory subunit of HIF‐1 that crucially regulates the response to hypoxia in mammalian organisms. The goal of our study was to investigate the expression and distribution of HIF‐1α in the primary yak reproductive organs at different reproductive stages. Samples of the ovary, oviduct and uterus of 15 adult female yaks were collected and used in the experiment. The expression and localization of HIF‐1α proteins and mRNA were investigated using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), Western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The results indicated that the expression of HIF‐1α protein in the ovary was higher during the luteal phase than during the follicular phase and gestation period (p < .05). In the oviduct, HIF‐1α protein was also more highly expressed during the luteal phase than during the follicular phase and gestation period (p < .01). However, in the uterus, the HIF‐1α protein had stronger expression during the gestation period than during the follicular phase (p < .01) and luteal phase (p < .05). The expression of HIF‐1α mRNA was similar to that of its protein. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed intense immunostaining of HIF‐1α proteins in the follicular granulosa cells, granular luteal cells, villous epithelial cells of the oviduct, endometrial glandular epithelium and luminal epithelium, foetal villous trophoblast, and epithelia of caruncular crypts. This study showed that the expression of HIF‐1α in the ovary, oviduct and uterus varies according to the stage of the reproductive cycle. This implies that HIF‐1α plays an important role in regulating the stage‐specific physiological function of yak reproductive organs under hypoxic environments.
Non‐linear Effects of Inflation on Economic Growth in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Yemba Boniface , Kitenge Erick , Woodburne Paul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper presents one of the first empirical studies that employ the regression kink model with an unknown threshold to estimate the turning point in the relationship between inflation and economic growth. To deal with the asymptotic non‐normality of the regression function, we use a numerical delta bootstrap method and inference methods in the construction of confidence intervals for the regression function. Our estimated threshold suggests that, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, inflation rates lower than 17.2% would drive economic growth, but any inflation rate beyond that threshold will harm the growth. The Congolese policymakers should be aware of this threshold in the implementation of any inflation‐targeting policy instruments or strategies.
Comparison of peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion techniques by nephrologists: Surgical vs blind methods
Authors: Kang Seok Hui , Park Jong Won , Cho Kyu Hyang , Do Jun Young 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to perform a comparative analysis of peritoneal dialysis catheter (PDC) insertion between blind and surgical methods by nephrologists.Patients and MethodsThe present study enrolled 249 peritoneal dialysis patients who received first‐time PDC insertion. All PDC insertions were performed using either the blind or surgical method. In our hospital during the study period, two of three nephrologists performed the blind method routinely in all eligible patients (blind group), and one of three nephrologists performed the surgical method in all eligible patients (surgical group). Catheter outcomes, including infectious or mechanical complications, functional parameters, and catheter survival, were evaluated.ResultsThe numbers of patients underwent surgical or blind methods were 105 and 144, respectively. The use of systemic analgesics in the surgical group was higher than that in the blind group. The operation time was longer in the blind group than in the surgical group. The D0 level and peritonealKt/Vwere similar between the two groups. There was no significant difference in infectious and mechanical complications between the two groups. The catheter survival and intervention‐free survival were similar between the two groups (P = .995 for catheter survival andP = .723 for intervention‐free survival).ConclusionOur study shows that catheter outcomes are similar between blind and surgical insertion techniques performed by nephrologists. These findings reveal that patients without previous major abdominal surgery would be suitable to receive any one of the two methods according to the operator‐friendly technique.
C‐SSRS performance in emergency department patients at high risk for suicide
Authors: Brown Lily A. , Boudreaux Edwin D. , Arias Sarah A. , Miller Ivan W. , May Alexis M. , Camargo Carlos A. , Bryan Craig J. , Armey Michael F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the psychometric and predictive performance of the Columbia‐Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C‐SSRS) in emergency department (ED) patients with suicidal ideation or attempts (SI/SA).MethodsParticipants (n = 1,376, mean age 36.8, 55% female, 76.8% white) completed the C‐SSRS during the ED visit and were followed for one year. Reliability analyses, exploratory structural equation modeling, and prediction of future SA were explored.ResultsReliability of the Suicidal Ideation subscale was adequate, but was poor for the Intensity of Ideation and Suicidal Behavior subscales. Three empirically derived factors characterized the C‐SSRS. Only Factor 1 (Suicidal Ideation and Attempts) was a reliable predictor of subsequent SA, though odds ratios were small (ORs: 1.09–1.10, CI95%: 1.04, 1.15). The original C‐SSRS Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior subscales and the C‐SSRS ED screen predicted subsequent SA, again with small odds ratios (ORs: 1.07–1.19, CI95%: 1.01, 1.29). In participants without a SA history, no C‐SSRS subscale predicted subsequent SA. History of any SA (OR: 1.98, CI95%: 1.43, 2.75) was the strongest predictor of subsequent SA.ConclusionsThe psychometric evidence for the C‐SSRS was mixed. History of a prior SA, as measured by the C‐SSRS, provided the most parsimonious and powerful assessment for predicting future SA.
Sleep in youth with repeated self‐harm and high suicidality: Does sleep predict self‐harm risk?
Authors: Asarnow Joan Rosenbaum , Bai Sunhye , Babeva Kalina N. , Adrian Molly , Berk Michele S. , Asarnow Lauren D. , Senturk Damla , Linehan Marsha M. , McCauley Elizabeth 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo elucidate processes contributing to continuing self‐harm in youth at very high risk for suicide, focusing on sleep disturbance, a putative warning sign of imminent suicide risk.Method101 youth (ages 12–18) selected for high risk of suicide/suicide attempts based on suicidal episodes plus repeated self‐harm (suicide attempts and/or nonsuicidal self‐injury [NSSI]). Youth were assessed at baseline, 6‐, and 12‐month follow‐ups on measures of self‐harm, suicidality, sleep, and depression.ResultsYouth showed high rates of baseline sleep disturbance: 81.2% scored in the clinical range on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); 81.2% reported an evening (night owl) circadian preference. PSQI score was associated with elevated levels of self‐harm (suicide attempts and NSSI) contemporaneously and predicted future self‐harm within 30 days. Rates of self‐harm were high during follow‐up: 45.0% and 33.7% at 6 and 12 months, respectively.ConclusionsResults underscore the need to move beyond an acute treatment model to prevent recurrent and potentially deadly self‐harm, the importance of clarifying mechanisms contributing to elevated suicide/self‐harm risk, and the potential promise of engaging sleep as a therapeutic target for optimizing treatment and elucidating mechanistic processes.
Online disinhibition and internet communication of non‐suicidal self‐injury
Authors: Corcoran Vincent P. , Andover Margaret S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveNon‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is of concern given the increased risk for suicide attempt. Prevalence rates of NSSI are highest among adolescents and young adults. These groups also exhibit the highest rates of Internet use. Previous research suggests that online communication of NSSI can serve as both a risk and protective factor related to NSSI engagement. This study explored online disinhibition in the context of NSSI e‐communities as a potential factor that could contribute to opposing NSSI outcomes.MethodThe study sample consisted of 200 individuals 18 years or older (M = 21.76, SD = 5.24) recruited from social networking sites (i.e., Reddit, LiveJournal). These participants provided self‐report of their NSSI histories and degree of online disinhibition.ResultsThose who engaged in Internet communication of NSSI at the highest level endorsed more online disinhibition than those less involved with NSSI content. Furthermore, within this group of high communicators, increased toxic disinhibition predicted lower lifetime frequency of NSSI.ConclusionsThis study suggests that online behavior, including toxic disinhibition, may contribute to NSSI outcomes. Online disinhibition and its relationship to NSSI should be an area of continued research. Cyberbullying may be an additional construct of interest in future studies of NSSI e‐communication.
Effects of eccentric training at long‐muscle length on architectural and functional characteristics of the hamstrings
Authors: Marušič Jan , Vatovec Rok , Marković Goran , Šarabon Nejc 
Published: July 2020

Hamstring strain injuries during sprinting or stretching frequently occur at long‐muscle length. Yet, previous research has mainly focused on studying the effectiveness of eccentric hamstring strengthening at shorter muscle length on hamstring performance, morphology, and hamstring strain injury risk factors. Here, we evaluated the effects of 6‐week eccentric hamstring training at long‐muscle length on functional and architectural characteristics of the hamstrings. Healthy and injury‐free participants (n = 40; age 23.7 ± 2.5 years) were randomly assigned to control or intervention group. Training intervention consisted of 12 sessions with two eccentric hamstring exercises in a lengthened position. Outcome measures included isokinetic and isometric knee flexion peak torque, Nordic hamstring exercise peak torque, voluntary activation level, and countermovement jump performance. Ultrasonography was used to determine muscle thickness, pennation angle, and fascicle length of biceps femoris long head (BFlh). A significant time × group interaction effect was observed for all measured parameters except countermovement jump performance and muscle thickness. The training intervention resulted in increased concentric and eccentric knee flexion peak torque at 60°/s (d = 0.55‐0.62, P = .02 and .03) and concentric peak torque at 180°/s (d = 0.99, P = .001), increased isometric knee flexion peak torque (d = 0.73, P = .008) and Nordic hamstring exercise peak torque (d = 1.19, P < .001), increased voluntary activation level (d = 1.29, P < .001), decreased pennation angle (d = 1.31, P < .001), and increased fascicle length (d = 1.12, P < .001) of BFlh. These results provide evidence that short‐term eccentric hamstring strengthening at long‐muscle length can have significant favorable effects on various architectural and functional characteristics of the hamstrings.
Work‐Limiting Disability and Intergenerational Economic Mobility
Authors: Jajtner Katie M 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo examine whether work‐limiting disability may modify intergenerational economic mobility in the United States.MethodsUsing the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, common metrics of intergenerational mobility are estimated by parent work‐limiting disability. These include rank slope coefficients capturing persistence of socioeconomic status and absolute upward economic mobility capturing expected child outcomes.ResultsParent–child pairs with work‐limiting disability experience 5–12 percentiles lower absolute economic mobility at the 25th percentile of parent income. More severe and/or chronic conditions have larger disparities and higher parent income is associated with smaller disparities. Women may experience larger mobility differences, while non‐Hispanic black children may face a higher likelihood of parents experiencing work limitations.ConclusionsWork‐limiting disability appears to modify children's economic opportunity. This contributes to the understanding of disparate access to opportunity in the United States while also identifying economic disadvantages associated with disability for subsequent generations.
miR‐497 induces apoptosis by the IRAK2/NF‐κB axis in the canine mammary tumour
Authors: Zhang Tao , Feng Xiujuan , Zhou Tianhong , Zhou Ning , Shi Xue , Zhu Xinying , Qiu Jinxia , Deng Ganzhen , Qiu Changwei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSince companion dogs have the same living environment as humans, they are a good animal model for the study of human diseases; this is especially true of canine spontaneous mammary tumours models. A better understanding of the natural history and molecular mechanisms of canine mammary tumour is of great significance in comparative medicine. Here, we collected canine mammary tumour cases and then assayed the clinical cases by pathological examination and classification by HE staining and IHC. miRNA‐497 family members (miR‐497, miR‐16, miR‐195 and miR‐15) were positively correlated with the breast cancer marker genes p63 and PTEN. Modulation of the expression of miR‐497 in the canine mammary tumour cell lines CMT1211 and CMT 7364 induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation. Mechanistically, IRAK2 was shown to be a functional target of miR‐497 that affects the characteristics of cancer cells by inhibiting the activity of the NF‐κB pathway. Overall, our work reveals the miR‐497/IRAK2/NF‐κB axis as a vital mechanism of canine mammary tumour progression and suggests this axis as a target in breast cancer.
Peripheral chemoreflex control of fetal heart rate decelerations overwhelms the baroreflex during brief umbilical cord occlusions in fetal sheep
Authors: Lear Christopher A. , Kasai Michi , Booth Lindsea C. , Drury Paul P. , Davidson Joanne O. , Maeda Yoshiki , Magawa Shoichi , Miyagi Etsuko , Ikeda Tomoaki , Westgate Jenny A. , Bennet Laura , Gunn Alistair J. 
Published: July 2020

Key points
The majority of intrapartum decelerations are widely believed to be mediated by the baroreflex secondary to brief umbilical cord occlusions (UCOs) but this remains unproven.
We examined the responses to brief‐UCOs in fetal sheep and compared these to a phenylephrine‐stimulated baroreflex in a separate cohort. A further cohort was instrumented with near‐infrared spectroscopy to measure cerebral oxygenation during UCO.
The first 3–4 s of the brief‐UCOs were consistent with a baroreflex, and associated with a minor fall in fetal heart rate (FHR). Thereafter, the remainder of the FHR decelerations were highly consistent with the peripheral chemoreflex.
The baroreflex is not sufficient to produce deep, rapid decelerations characteristic of variable decelerations and it is therefore likely to be a minor contributor to intrapartum decelerations.
AbstractFetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring is widely used to assess fetal wellbeing during labour, yet the physiology underlying FHR patterns remains incompletely understood. The baroreflex is widely believed to mediate brief intrapartum decelerations, but evidence supporting this theory is lacking. We therefore investigated the physiological changes in near‐term fetal sheep during brief repeated umbilical cord occlusions (brief‐UCOs, n = 15). We compared this to separate cohorts that underwent a phenylephrine challenge to stimulate the baroreflex (n = 9) or were instrumented with near‐infrared spectroscopy and underwent prolonged 15‐min complete UCO (prolonged‐UCO, n = 9). The first 3–4 s of brief‐UCOs were associated with hypertension (P = 0.000), a fall in FHR by 9.7–16.9 bpm (P = 0.002). The FHR/MAP relationship during this time was consistent with that observed during a phenylephrine‐induced baroreflex. At 4–5 s, the FHR/MAP relationship began to deviate from the phenylephrine baroreflex curve as FHR fell independently of MAP until its nadir in association with intense peripheral vasoconstriction (P = 0.000). During prolonged‐UCO, cerebral oxygenation remained steady until 4 s after the start of prolonged‐UCO, and then began to fall (P = 0.000). FHR and cerebral oxygenation then fell in parallel until the FHR nadir. In conclusion, the baroreflex has a minor role in mediating the first 3–4 s of FHR decelerations during complete UCO, but thereafter the peripheral chemoreflex is the dominant mediator. Overall, the baroreflex is neither necessary nor sufficient to produce deep, rapid decelerations characteristic of variable decelerations; it is therefore likely to be a minor contributor to intrapartum decelerations.
Is Reflexivity Enough? Addressing Reflexive Embodiment, Power, and Whiteness in Sport Management Research
Authors: Vadeboncoeur Joshua D. , Bopp Trevor , Singer John N. 
Published: July 2020

In this article, the authors drew from the epistemological and methodological considerations of neighboring social science fields (i.e., counseling psychology, education, sociology, and women’s studies), which suggest a reevaluation of reflexive research practice(s). In discussing the implications this reevaluation may have for future sport management research, the authors contend that such dialogue may encourage scholars to understand that, while adopting a reflexive approach is good research practice, it may also mean taking a closer look at how our biases, epistemologies, identities, and values are shaped by whiteness and dominant ways of knowing and, in turn, serve to affect our research practice. Thus, this may allow all researchers, with explicit consideration for those in positions of conceptual, empirical, and methodological, as well as cultural and racial, power, to acknowledge and work toward a more meaningful point of consciousness in conducting sport management research.