bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cloning, sequencing, and expression analysis of 32 NAC transcription factors (MdNAC) in apple
Authors: Li Huifeng , Ran Kun , Dong Qinglong , Zhao Qiang , Shi Song 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundNAC transcription factors play important roles in the regulation of plant growth, development, abiotic and biotic stress responses. The transcriptional level ofMdNACs in different tissues and under various biotic and abiotic stress treatments was determined to provide a solid foundation for studying the function ofMdNACs.MethodsThirty-two full-length cDNA sequences ofMd NACs were isolated by homologous comparison and RT-PCR confirmation, and the obtained cDNA sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences were analyzed with bioinformatics methods. The prediction of subcellular locations of MdNAC proteins was performed using CELLO v.2.5, PSORT, and SoftBerry ProtComp 9.0. Expression levels ofMdNACs were detected in 16 different tissues using an array. Expression patterns ofMdNACs were detected in response toAlternaria alternataapple pathotype (AAAP) infection using RNA-seq, and the expression ofMdNACs was analyzed under NaCl and mannitol treatments using RT-qPCR.ResultsThe sequencing results produced 32 cDNAs (designated asMdNAC24-39,MdNAC54-65,andMdNAC67-70with GenBank accession No.MG099861–MG099876,MG099891–MG099902, andMG099904–MG099907, respectively). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MdNAC34 belonged to the ATAF group, MdNAC63 belonged to the AtNAC3 group, MdNAC24, MdNAC26-30, MdNAC32-33, MdNAC35, MdNAC37-39, MdNAC56-57, MdNAC59-62, MdNAC64-65, and MdNAC67-70 belonged to the NAM group, and MdNAC25, MdNAC36, MdNAC54-55, and MdNAC58 belonged to the VND group. Predictions of subcellular localization showed that MdNAC24-27, MdNAC29-30, MdNAC33-37, MdNAC39, MdNAC54-65, and MdNAC67-70 proteins were located in the nucleus, MdNAC28 proteins were located in the cytoplasm, MdNAC31-32 proteins were located in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and MdNAC38 proteins were located in the nucleus and plasma membrane. Array results indicated that 32MdNACswere expressed in all examined tissues at various expression levels. RNA-seq results showed that expression levels ofMdNAC26-28,MdNAC33-34,MdNAC60,MdNAC62-65,andMdNAC68were induced, butMdNAC24,MdNAC32,andMdNAC58were down-regulated in response to AAAP infection. Under salt treatment,MdNAC24,MdNAC27,MdNAC29,MdNAC34,MdNAC37,MdNAC39,MdNAC54,MdNAC59,andMdNAC63transcription levels were induced. Under mannitol treatment,MdNAC32andMdNAC54transcription levels were induced, butMdNAC24,MdNAC28,MdNAC30,MdNAC33,MdNAC35,MdNAC37,MdNAC55,MdNAC56,MdNAC58,andMdNAC59were down-regulated. Taken together, the results indicated that the clonedMdNACgenes were expressed constitutively in all examined tissues. These genes were up-regulated or down-regulated in response to AAAP infection and to salt or mannitol, which suggested they may be involved in the regulation of growth, development, and stress response in apple.
Multigrain Beetroot Crisps: A Healthy Snacking Option
Authors: Singh Nikita , Sengupta Rupali 
Published: May 2020

Aim: With the rise of metabolic disorders like obesity in developed countries, maintenance of healthy lifestyle has become very challenging. Food plays a very important role in this process. Consumption of healthy foods with proper portion control can help in controlling excess weight gain and can prevent metabolic disorders like obesity. Obesity is characterized by excess accumulation of fat. This further leads to complications like dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Increased consumption of calorie dense fatty snacks or high sugar processed foods between meals is one of the causes of obesity. Consumption of low fat high fiber snacks has shown to help in weight reduction. Therefore development of a healthy snacking option was considered. The aim of the study was to develop and standardize a healthy snack for obese as well as healthy population.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Dr. BMN College of Home Science, between November 2019 and February 2020.
Methodology: A healthy snacking option in the form of Multigrain Beetroot Crisps was prepared by using a mixture of cereals and millets flours. The snack was baked instead of frying to reduce the calorific and fat content. Standardization was done by testing for sensory evaluation using 5 point hedonic scale for four weeks. Shelf life study was carried out to find stability of developed product.
Results: Sensory evaluation studies showed the product was well accepted by the target population. On comparison with the commercially available product, Multigrain Beetroot Crisps was high in fiber, calcium and iron. Shelf life study showed, the product was stable for four weeks at room temperature when kept in an airtight container.
Conclusion: A healthy snacking option in the form of Multigrain Beetroot Crisps was developed for obese as well as healthy population which is nutritionally better as compared to commercially available beet chips owing to its fiber, calcium and iron content which are beneficial in obesity related complications.
Management of Leaf Blight Disease Caused by Alternaria polianthi in Tuberose
Authors: Ravikumar M. R. , Harish D. K. , Kumara B. H. , Kumar Amarendra 
Published: May 2020

Tuberose is an ornamental crop which is growing under tropical and sub-tropical areas. Recently, the incidence of leaf blight disease caused by Alternaria polianthi a fungal disease of tuberose is considered as a severe problem causing growth reduction and yield loss triggered by high temperature and humidity. Hence an investigation was carried out in farmer fields at Tumnakatti, Ranebennurtq in Karnataka, to study the bio-efficacy of different fungicides against leaf blight of tuberose. There were six chemicals viz., Tebuconazole 250 EC @ 0.1%, Difenconazole – 25% EC @ 0.1%, Propinoconazole 25% EC @ 0.1%, Hexaconazole 2% SC @ 0.1%, Mancozeb75 WP @ 0.25%, Chlorothalonil 75 WP @ 0.2%, were evaluated in tuberose cultivar Prajwal during kharif 2016 and 2017. Among the different fungicides, four sprays taken with Tebuconazole @ 0.1% at 15 days interval starting from onset of disease proved to be the most effective treatment and resulted in lowest percent disease index, PDI (10.80). Maximum yield and number of flower stalks per square meter area were recorded in Tebuconazole @ 0.1% (50.90). Tebuconazole @ 0.1% could be used for management of leaf blight and increase the yield of tuberose.
Assessment of Causes and Effects of Drugs and Substances Abuse among Youth: A Case Study of Katsina Metropolis (North West Nigeria)
Authors: Lawal Nasiru , A. Aliyu Al Mustapha 
Published: May 2020

Aims: To determine the cause, effect and type of drugs commonly abuse among youth in Katsina metropolis.
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional design carried out in Katsina metropolis in June to September 2018.
Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional design was used for the study where by 384 respondents were selected through a purposive and snowball sampling techniques to select the study subject from the study areas. A validated and structured interviewer administered questionnaire (IAQ) was used to collect data from the respondents. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0.
Results: Findings from the study showed that peer pressure 75(19.5%) and desire for enjoyment 51(13.3%) are the major cause associated with the abuse of drugs by the respondents. The most commonly abused substances by the respondents include Tobacco 112(29.2%), Codeine 68(17.7%) Marijuana (Indian hemp) 55(14.3), and cola nut 17(3.4%) and majority of the respondent perceive negative effect of poor health (madness) 212 (55.2%) as the major effect and aggressive behavior’s 71(18.5%).
Conclusion: The major cause of substance abuse among youth are peer pressure and desire for enjoyment, common effect is poor health and Tobacco is the common abuse drug. It is therefore recommended that Parent should take good care of their children during teenage age and government should control the production and supply of these illicit substances.
Potential anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 drug candidates identified through virtual screening of the ChEMBL database for compounds that target the main coronavirus protease
Authors: Tsuji Motonori 
Published: May 2020

A novel coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), or 2019 novel coronavirus] has been identified as the pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019. The main protease (Mpro, also called 3‐chymotrypsin‐like protease) of SARS‐CoV‐2 is a potential target for treatment of COVID‐19. A Mpro homodimer structure suitable for docking simulations was prepared using a crystal structure (PDB ID: 6Y2G; resolution 2.20 Å). Structural refinement was performed in the presence of peptidomimetic α‐ketoamide inhibitors, which were previously disconnected from each Cys145 of the Mpro homodimer, and energy calculations were performed. Structure‐based virtual screenings were performed using the ChEMBL database. Through a total of 1 485 144 screenings, 64 potential drugs (11 approved, 14 clinical, and 39 preclinical drugs) were predicted to show high binding affinity with Mpro. Additional docking simulations for predicted compounds with high binding affinity with Mpro suggested that 28 bioactive compounds may have potential as effective anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 drug candidates. The procedure used in this study is a possible strategy for discovering anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 drugs from drug libraries that may significantly shorten the clinical development period with regard to drug repositioning.
Individual differences in visual acuity and face matching ability
Authors: Fox Emily , Bindemann Markus 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe visual acuity of the eyes varies outside the range of normal vision, requiring corrective lenses, but also within the normal range. This study investigated whether both types of variation relate to individual differences in face‐identity matching, considering this applied task requires perception of detail. Across two experiments, face‐matching accuracy correlated with variation in acuity when this fell outside the normal range of vision and was uncorrected with glasses or contact lenses. In contrast, variation in visual acuity within the normal range did not affect face‐matching accuracy, whereas matching accuracy at a given level of acuity could vary substantially. These results indicate that visual acuity is only a problem for occupations performing face‐identity matching when below‐normal acuity is not diagnosed or adequately corrected. In turn, these findings suggest that variation in acuity within the normal range is not a contributing factor to individual differences in face matching accuracy.
Molecularly Engineered Near‐Infrared Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Pashaei Babak , Karimi Soheila , Shahroosvand Hashem , Pilkington Melanie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe development of near‐infrared (NIR) luminescent materials has emerged as a promising research field with important applications in solid‐state lighting (SSL), night‐vision‐readable displays, and the telecommunication industry. Over the past two decades, remarkable advances in the development of light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) have stunned the SSL community, which has in turn driven the quest for new classes of stable, more efficient NIR emissive molecules. In this review, an overview of the state of the art in the field of near‐infrared light‐emitting electrochemical cells (NIR‐LEC) is provided based on three families of emissive compounds developed over the past 25 years: i) transition metal complexes, ii) ionic polymers, and iii) host–guest materials. In this context, ionic and conductive emitters are particularly attractive since their emission can be tuned via molecular design, which involves varying the chemical nature and substitution pattern of their ancillary ligands. Herein, the challenges and current limitations of the latter approach are highlighted, particularly with respect to developing NIR‐LECs with high external quantum efficiencies. Finally, useful guidelines for the discovery of new, efficient emitters for tailored NIR‐LEC applications are presented, together with an outlook towards the design of new NIR‐SSL materials.
An On‐Skin Electrode with Anti‐Epidermal‐Surface‐Lipid Function Based on a Zwitterionic Polymer Brush
Authors: He Ke , Liu Zhiyuan , Wan Changjin , Jiang Ying , Wang Ting , Wang Ming , Zhang Feilong , Liu Yaqing , Pan Liang , Xiao Meng , Yang Hui , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOn‐skin flexible devices provide a noninvasive approach for continuous and real‐time acquisition of biological signals from the skin, which is essential for future chronic disease diagnosis and smart health monitoring. Great progress has been achieved in flexible devices to resolve the mechanical mismatching between conventional rigid devices and human skin. However, common materials used for flexible devices including silicon‐based elastomers and various metals exhibit no resistance to epidermal surface lipids (skin oil and grease), which restricts the long‐term and household usability. Herein, an on‐skin electrode with anti‐epidermal‐surface‐lipid function is reported, which is based on the grafting of a zwitterionic poly(2‐methacryl‐oyloxyethyl, methacryloyl‐oxyethyl, or meth‐acryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) brush on top of gold‐coated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (Au/PDMS). Such an electrode allows the skin‐lipids‐fouled surface to be cleaned by simple water rinsing owing to the superhydrophilic zwitterionic groups. As a proof‐of‐concept, the PMPC‐Au/PDMS electrodes are employed for both electrocardiography (ECG) and electromyography (EMG) recording. The electrodes are able to maintain stable skin‐electrode impedance and good signal‐to noise ratio (SNR) by water rinsing alone. This work provides a material‐based solution to improve the long‐term reusability of on‐skin electronics and offers a unique prospective on developing next generation wearable healthcare devices.
Tumor‐Microenvironment‐Triggered Ion Exchange of a Metal–Organic Framework Hybrid for Multimodal Imaging and Synergistic Therapy of Tumors
Authors: Chen Ying , Li Zi‐Hao , Pan Pei , Hu Jing‐Jing , Cheng Si‐Xue , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNanotheranostic agents (NTAs) that integrate diagnostic capabilities and therapeutic functions have great potential for personalized medicine, yet poor tumor specificity severely restricts further clinical applications of NTAs. Here, a pro‐NTA (precursor of nanotheranostic agent) activation strategy is reported for in situ NTA synthesis at tumor tissues to enhance the specificity of tumor therapy. This pro‐NTA, also called PBAM, is composed of an MIL‐100 (Fe)‐coated Prussian blue (PB) analogue (K2Mn[Fe(CN)6]) with negligible absorption in the near‐infrared region and spatial confinement of Mn2+ ions. In a mildly acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), PBAM can be specifically activated to synthesize the photothermal agent PB nanoparticles, with release of free Mn2+ ions due to the internal fast ion exchange, resulting in the “ON” state of both T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging and photoacoustic signals. In addition, the combined Mn2+‐mediated chemodynamic therapy in the TME and PB‐mediated photothermal therapy guarantee a more efficient therapeutic performance compared to monotherapy. In vivo data further show that the pro‐NTA activation strategy could selectively brighten solid tumors and detect invisible lymph node metastases with high specificity.
Direct‐Printing of Functional Nanofibers on 3D Surfaces Using Self‐Aligning Nanojet in Near‐Field Electrospinning
Authors: Shin Dongwoon , Choi Sun , Kim Jonghyun , Regmi Abiral , Chang Jiyoung 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper reports a high‐resolution, template‐free, and direct‐printing method of functional nanofiber on 3D surfaces using a self‐aligning nanojet (SA‐N) in near‐field electrospinning (NFES). In the lowest regime of NFES, the cone‐jet transition is induced by the surface current, which leads to a unique jetting configuration where the microscale Taylor cone (microcone) is formed on the surface of the spherical‐shape droplet. The microcone rapidly develops to the nanoscale jet where the tangential electric force dominates the kinematics of the charged jet. The spherical‐shape ejection boundary allows the jetting angle from 0° to ±90° in both convex and concave surfaces, enabling precise deposition of nanofiber regardless of the curvature of the 3D surfaces. Using SA‐N, precise printing of functional nanofiber is successfully demonstrated on various 3D geometries, including convex, concave, and inner surface of the 3D structure. The direct‐printing ability of nanofiber on 3D surfaces using SA‐N will be a promising strategy to utilize various functional polymers in flexible electronics, printed electronics, optics, and biomedical engineering.
Coherent Manipulation of Single Electrons with Optical Photons in Condensed Helium‐4
Authors: Otten Matthew , Zhou Xianjing , Zhang Xufeng , Jin Dafei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSingle electrons are one of the simplest quantum objects in nature. In free space or conventional materials, single electrons hardly interact with optical (ultraviolet‐visible‐infrared) photons, so their quantum states cannot be easily manipulated by optics. Here, a notable exception is theoretically demonstrated: a single electron in condensed helium‐4 can be self‐confined in a nanometric bubble of 1 to 2 nm radius and resonantly interact with mid‐infrared photons of 3 to 12 µm wavelength. A femtosecond laser can drive the electron into Rabi oscillations and prepare it onto arbitrary superposition states between the ground and excited states. After the laser pulse, the electron bubble can exhibit remarkable nonequilibrium quantum dynamics and evolve toward various final states with various lifetimes. These processes are accompanied with intense phonon radiation.
Segregating patterns of copy number variations in extended autism spectrum disorder (ASD) pedigrees
Authors: Woodbury‐Smith Marc , Zarrei Mehdi , Wei John , Thiruvahindrapuram Bhooma , O'Connor Irene , Paterson Andrew D. , Yuen Ryan K. C. , Dastan Jila , Stavropoulos Dimitri J. , Howe Jennifer L. , Thompson Ann , Parlier Morgan , Fernandez Bridget , Piven Joseph , Anagnostou Evdokia , Scherer Stephen W. , Vieland Veronica J. , Szatmari Peter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a relatively common childhood onset neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex genetic etiology. While progress has been made in identifying the de novo mutational landscape of ASD, the genetic factors that underpin the ASD's tendency to run in families are not well understood. In this study, nine extended pedigrees each with three or more individuals with ASD, and others with a lesser autism phenotype, were phenotyped and genotyped in an attempt to identify heritable copy number variants (CNVs). Although these families have previously generated linkage signals, no rare CNV segregated with these signals in any family. A small number of clinically relevant CNVs were identified. Only one CNV was identified that segregated with ASD phenotype; namely, a duplication overlapping DLGAP2 in three male offspring each with an ASD diagnosis. This gene encodes a synaptic scaffolding protein, part of a group of proteins known to be pathologically implicated in ASD. On the whole, however, the heritable nature of ASD in the families studied remains poorly understood.
Protonierung von CH3N3 und CF3N3 in Supersäuren: Isolierung und strukturelle Charakterisierung von langlebigen Methyl‐ und Trifluormethylamino‐Diazonium‐Ionen
Authors: Saal Thomas , Blastik Zsófia E. , Haiges Ralf , Nirmalchandar Archith , Baxter Amanda F. , Christe Karl O. , Vasiliu Monica , Dixon David A. , Beier Petr , Prakash G. K. Surya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDie Methylaminodiazonium‐Kationen [CH3N(H)N2]+ und [CF3N(H)N2]+ wurden als ihre bei niedriger Temperatur stabilen [AsF6]‐Salze durch Protonierung von Azidomethan und Azidotrifluormethan in supersauren Systemen hergestellt. Sie wurden durch NMR‐ und Raman‐Spektroskopie charakterisiert. Ein eindeutiger Nachweis der Protonierungsstelle wurde durch die Kristallstrukturen beider Salze erhalten, welche die Bildung der Alkylaminodiazonium‐Ionen bestätigte. Die Lewis‐Addukte CH3N3⋅AsF5 und CF3N3⋅AsF5 wurden ebenfalls hergestellt und durch Tieftemperatur‐NMR‐ und Raman‐Spektroskopie sowie im Falle von CH3N3⋅AsF5 durch Röntgenstrukturbestimmung charakterisiert. Elektronische Strukturberechnungen wurden durchgeführt, um zusätzliche Einblicke zu erhalten. Versuche zur elektrophilen Aminierung von Aromaten wie Benzol und Toluol mit Methyl‐ und Trifluormethylamino‐Diazonium‐Ionen waren erfolglos.
Modular Synthesis of Furans with up to Four Different Substituents by a trans‐Carboboration Strategy
Authors: Jin Hongming , Fürstner Alois 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPropargyl alcohols, on treatment with MHMDS (M=Na, K), B2(pin)2, an acid chloride and a palladium/copper co‐catalyst system, undergo a reaction cascade comprised of trans‐diboration, regioselective acylation, cyclization and dehydration to give trisubstituted furylboronic acid pinacol ester derivatives in good yields; subsequent Suzuki coupling allows a fourth substituent of choice to be introduced and hence tetrasubstituted (arylated) furans to be formed. In terms of modularity, the method seems unrivaled, not least because each product can be attained by two orthogonal but convergent ways (“diagonal split”). This asset is illustrated by the “serial” formation of a “library” of all twelve possible furan isomers that result from systematic permutation of four different substituents about the heterocyclic core.
Total Syntheses of Norrisolide‐Type Spongian Diterpenes Cheloviolene C, Seconorrisolide B, and Seconorrisolide C
Authors: Qiao Tianjiao , Wang Yicheng , Zheng Sujuan , Kang Huiying , Liang Guangxin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe first total syntheses of three unusual norrisolide‐type rearranged spongian diterpenes, cheloviolene C, seconorrisolide B, and seconorrisolide C, have been accomplished via a common intermediate through late‐stage ring‐scissoring. The synthesis features a Wolff ring contraction for the synthesis of the trans‐hydrindane system, and a crucial retro Diels–Alder reaction/intramolecular ene cyclization for the rapid stereoselective construction of the furo[2,3‐b]furan system, which is commonly seen in rearranged spongian diterpenes.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Dialkyl Ketones from the Coupling of N‐Alkyl Pyridinium Salts with Activated Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Wang Jiang , Hoerrner Megan E. , Watson Mary P. , Weix Daniel J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhile ketones are among the most versatile functional groups, their synthesis remains reliant upon reactive and low‐abundance starting materials. In contrast, amide formation is the most‐used bond‐construction method in medicinal chemistry because the chemistry is reliable and draws upon large and diverse substrate pools. A new method for the synthesis of ketones is presented here that draws from the same substrates used for amide bond synthesis: amines and carboxylic acids. A nickel terpyridine catalyst couples N‐alkyl pyridinium salts with in situ formed carboxylic acid fluorides or 2‐pyridyl esters under reducing conditions (Mn metal). The reaction has a broad scope, as demonstrated by the synthesis of 35 different ketones bearing a wide variety of functional groups with an average yield of 60±16 %. This approach is capable of coupling diverse substrates, including pharmaceutical intermediates, to rapidly form complex ketones.