bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Phenotypic and Genetic Overlap Between Cannabis Use and Schizotypy
Authors: Vaissiere James , Thorp Jackson G. , Ong Jue-Sheng , Ortega-Alonso Alfredo , Derks Eske M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is a well-established relationship between cannabis use and psychosis, although the exact nature of this relationship is not fully understood. Recent studies have observed significant genetic overlap between a diagnosis of schizophrenia and lifetime cannabis use. Expanding on this work, the current study aimed to examine whether genetic overlap also occurs for subclinical psychosis (schizotypy) and cannabis use, as well as examining the phenotypic association between the traits. Phenotypic correlations were calculated for a variety of schizotypy and cannabis phenotypes in the UK Biobank (UKB), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability estimates and genetic correlations were calculated for these UKB phenotypes as well as for several other variables taken from recent genomewide association studies. Positive phenotypic correlations were observed between 11 out of 12 pairs of the cannabis use and schizotypy phenotypes (correlation range .05–.18), indicating a robust association between increased symptoms of schizotypy and cannabis use. SNP-based heritability estimates for two schizotypy phenotypes remained significant after multiple testing correction:social anhedonia(h2SNP= .08,SE= .02,N= 4025) andever seen an unreal vision(h2SNP= .35,SE= .10,N= 150,717). Finally, one significant genetic correlation was observed between schizotypy and cannabis use, a negative correlation betweensocial anhedoniaandnumber of times used cannabis(rg= −.30,p= .012). The current study suggests the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis is also seen in subclinical symptoms of psychosis, but further research with larger samples is needed to determine the biological mechanisms underlying this association.
Audio Stories as Incidental Language Teachers
Authors: Ritterfeld Ute , Lüke Timo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Audio stories offer a unique blend of narrative entertainment with language learning opportunities as a user’s enjoyment is dependent on their processing of the linguistic content. A total of 138 third- and fourth-graders from low socioeconomic status and migrant families recruited from a metropolitan area in Germany participated in a randomized pre–post follow-up intervention study with a control group. Children listened to a tailored crime story of approximately 90 min over a period of 3 days within the classroom setting. Entertainment value for the age group was established in a pilot study. Outcome variables included semantic and grammatical skills in German and were administered before (pretest), shortly after intervention (posttest), and 2 weeks later (follow-up). We used nonverbal intelligence, reading, comprehension skills, age and sex as control variables. Results indicate a strong positive effect of media reception on language skills. The effectiveness of the intervention is discussed with reference to different linguistic domains, entertainment value, and compensatory effects in populations at risk of language learning deficits.
Evidence for a Prolonged Continental Breakup Resulting From Slow Extension Rates at the Eastern North American Volcanic Rifted Margin
Authors: Bécel Anne , Davis Joshua K. , Shuck Brandon D. , Van Avendonk Harm J. A. , Gibson James C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhen continental rifting is accompanied by localized magmatism under extensional stress, the breakup duration can be short and the continent/ocean transition sharp, as mantle melts are thought to be efficient at heating and weakening the lithosphere. This mode of rifting has been invoked for the Eastern North American Margin (ENAM) based on the existing geophysical data. Here, we present results from multichannel seismic profiles from the ENAM Community Seismic Experiment offshore North Carolina, U.S. Our survey area encompasses both the East Coast Magnetic Anomaly (ECMA) and the Blake Spur Magnetic Anomaly (BSMA), which lies ~200‐km farther seaward. Our prestack depth‐migrated seismic images reveal major changes in the structure of the igneous crust across the BSMA. Between the ECMA and BSMA, we image a proto‐oceanic domain of rough, faulted, and thin igneous crust. The roughness of this oceanic crust is similar to modern ultraslow spreading environments which involve the continued presence of a pre‐existing lithospheric lid. Seaward of the BSMA the basement is smooth, and the crust is relatively thick, which is typical for Jurassic oceanic crust. Across the BSMA, we image a step up in basement and crustal root, which we interpret to represent complete lithospheric breakup and a transition to steady‐state seafloor spreading in agreement with coincident refraction results. Our results would also indicate low extension rates in the final stages of rifting that may have influenced the thermal structure of the lithosphere and could explain the delay for continental breakup. All of these observations show that although continental rifting between eastern North America and northwest Africa was assisted by magmatic activity, it did not lead to rapid localization of extensional strain as previously thought.
Creep Burst Coincident With Faulting in Marble Observed in 4‐D Synchrotron X‐Ray Imaging Triaxial Compression Experiments
Authors: Renard François , Kandula Neelima , McBeck Jessica , Cordonnier Benoît 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFaults in carbonate rocks show both seismic and aseismic deformation processes, leading to a wide range of slip velocities. We deformed two centimeter‐scale cores of Carrara marble at 25°C and imaged the nucleation and growth of faults using dynamic synchrotron X‐ray microtomography. The first sample experienced a constant confinement of 30 MPa and no pore fluid. The second sample experienced confinement in the range 35–23 MPa and water as a pore fluid at 10 MPa pore pressure. We increased the axial stress by steps until creep deformation occurred and imaged deformation in 4‐D. The samples deformed with a quasi‐constant or increasing strain rate when the differential stress was constant, a process called creep. However, for both samples, we also observed transient events that include the acceleration of creep, that is, creep bursts, phenomena similar to slow slip events that occur in continental active faults. During these transient creep events, strain rates increase and correlate in time with strain localization and the slow development of system‐spanning fault networks. In both samples, the acceleration of opening and shearing of microfractures accommodated creep bursts. High‐resolution time‐lapse X‐ray microtomography imaging and digital image correlation during triaxial deformation quantify creep in laboratory faults at subgrain spatial resolution. This work demonstrates that transient creep events, that is, creep bursts or slow slip events, correlate with the nucleation and slow growth of faults and not only with slip on preexisting faults.
Measurements of Tropospheric Bromine Monoxide Over Four Halogen Activation Seasons in the Canadian High Arctic
Authors: Bognar K. , Zhao X. , Strong K. , Chang R. Y.‐W. , Frieß U. , Hayes P. L. , McClure‐Begley A. , Morris S. , Tremblay S. , Vicente‐Luis A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBromine explosions and corresponding ozone depletion events are common in the Arctic spring. The snowpack on sea ice and sea salt aerosols (SSA) are both thought to release bromine, but the relative contribution of each source is not yet known. Furthermore, the role of atmospheric conditions is not fully understood. Long‐term measurements of bromine monoxide (BrO) provide useful insight into the underlying processes of bromine activation. Here we present a 4‐year data set (2016–2019) of springtime BrO partial columns retrieved from Multi‐AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX‐DOAS) measurements in Eureka, Canada (80.1°N, 86.4°W, 610 m asl). Due to the elevation of the measurement site, the instrument often measures BrO in the free troposphere, except during strong wind episodes and storms that generate a deep boundary layer. Enhanced vertical mixing due to strong winds leads to increasing BrO values and reduced ozone depletion. We find that BrO enhancements show two modes differentiated by local wind direction and air mass history. Longer time spent by the airmass in first‐year sea ice areas corresponds to increased BrO for one of these modes only. Furthermore, we argue that snow on multiyear ice might also contribute to bromine release. High aerosol optical depth is required to maintain lofted BrO, and we show that the presence of coarse‐mode aerosols (>0.5 μm, likely SSA) is a necessary and sufficient condition for observing BrO at our elevated measurement site in Eureka. This work highlights the importance of considering variable local conditions when characterizing bromine activation.
Initial Results and Diurnal Variations Measured by a New Microwave Stratospheric ClO Instrument at Mauna Kea
Authors: Nedoluha Gerald E. , Gomez R. Michael , Boyd Ian , Neal Helen , Parrish Alan , Connor Brian , Mooney Thomas , Siskind David E. , Sagawa Hideo , Santee Michelle 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present the first year of ClO and O3 measurements from a new 278 GHz Chlorine monOxide Experiment (ChlOE) microwave instrument on Mauna Kea. We make use of comparisons with the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) O3 measurements to recalibrate the ground‐based instrument and find that the recalibrated ground‐based O3 retrievals remain stable relative to MLS throughout the year. The MLS measurements provide daily daytime (~1330 local solar time) and nighttime (~0200 local solar time) ClO retrievals, and we find that the monthly ChlOE ClO retrievals show mixing ratios slightly smaller than those from MLS in the vicinity of Mauna Kea, with daytime values near the peak ~6–8% lower at 30–45 km for the average of the 12 months in this study. The nighttime monthly ClO values are almost all within ±0.03 ppbv over most of this altitude range, with very little overall bias. We have also made detailed hourly diurnal O3 comparisons with a multiyear analysis of previous retrievals from the much stronger 110 GHz O3 emission line being measured by our instrument at Mauna Loa and find that the hour‐to‐hour differences are within ±2% at 40 km, which indicates that the overall calibration of the ChlOE instrument is stable relative to time of day. We show hourly diurnal variations of ClO and compare these to 2010 measurements from the Submillimeter‐Wave Limb‐Emission Sounder and to a model.
Estimation of Tsunami Characteristics from Deposits: Inverse Modeling Using a Deep‐Learning Neural Network
Authors: Mitra Rimali , Naruse Hajime , Abe Tomoya 
Published: September 2020

Tsunami deposits provide information for estimating the magnitude and flow conditions of paleotsunamis, and inverse models have potential for reconstructing hydraulic conditions of tsunamis from their deposits. The majority of the previously proposed models are based on oversimplified assumptions and possess some limitations. We present a new inverse model based on the FITTNUSS model, which incorporates nonuniform and unsteady transport of suspended sediment and turbulent mixing. The present model uses a deep neural network (DNN) for the inversion method. In this method, forward model calculations are repeated for random initial flow conditions (e.g., maximum inundation length, flow velocity, maximum flow depth, and sediment concentration) to produce artificial training data sets of depositional characteristics such as thickness and grain‐size distribution. The DNN was then trained to establish a general inverse model based on artificial data sets derived from the forward model. Tests conducted using independent artificial data sets indicated that this trained DNN can reconstruct the original flow conditions from the characteristics of the deposits. Finally, the model was applied to a data set of 2011 Tohoku‐oki tsunami deposits. The predicted results of flow conditions were verified by the observational records at Sendai plain. Jackknife resampling was applied to estimate the precision of the result. The estimated results of the flow velocity and maximum flow depth were approximately 5.4 ± 0.1 m/s and 4.1 ± 0.2 m, respectively, after the uncertainty analysis. The DNN shows promise for reconstruction of tsunami characteristics from its deposits, which would help in estimating the hydraulic conditions of paleotsunamis.
Association between the microbiomes of tonsil and saliva samples isolated from pediatric patients subjected to tonsillectomy for the treatment of tonsillar hyperplasia
Authors: Choi Da Hyeon , Park Jiwon , Choi Ju Kwang , Lee Kyeong Eun , Lee Won Hee , Yang Jinho , Lee Ju Yeon , Park Yoon Jeong , Oh Chan , Won Ho-Ryun , Koo Bon Seok , Chang Jae Won , Park Yoon Shin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOral microbes have the capacity to spread throughout the gastrointestinal system and are strongly associated with multiple diseases. Given that tonsils are located between the oral cavity and the laryngopharynx at the gateway of the alimentary and respiratory tracts, tonsillar tissue may also be affected by microbiota from both the oral cavity (saliva) and the alimentary tract. Here, we analyzed the distribution and association of the microbial communities in the saliva and tonsils of Korean children subjected to tonsillectomy because of tonsil hyperplasia (n = 29). The microbiome profiles of saliva and tonsils were established via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Based on the alpha diversity indices, the microbial communities of the two groups showed high similarities. According to Spearman’s ranking correlation analysis, the distribution ofTreponema, the causative bacterium of periodontitis, in saliva and tonsils was found to have a significant positive correlation. Two representative microbes,Prevotellain saliva andAlloprevotellain tonsils, were negatively correlated, whileTreponema 2showed a strong positive correlation between saliva and tonsils. Taken together, strong similarities in the microbial communities of the tonsils and saliva are evident in terms of diversity and composition. The saliva microbiome is expected to significantly affect the tonsil microbiome. Furthermore, we suggest that our study creates an opportunity for tonsillar microbiome research to facilitate the development of novel microbiome-based therapeutic strategies.
Heterochromatin: an epigenetic point of view in aging
Authors: Lee Jong-Hyuk , Kim Edward W. , Croteau Deborah L. , Bohr Vilhelm A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAging is an inevitable process of life. Defined by progressive physiological and functional loss of tissues and organs, aging increases the risk of mortality for the organism. The aging process is affected by various factors, including genetic and epigenetic ones. Here, we review the chromatin-specific epigenetic changes that occur during normal (chronological) aging and in premature aging diseases. Taking advantage of the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications, we will also discuss possible lifespan expansion strategies through epigenetic modulation, which was considered irreversible until recently.
Amphiphilic silver nanoclusters show active nano–bio interaction with compelling antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria
Authors: Chen Yongjiu , Ren Liting , Sun Lingxiao , Bai Xuan , Zhuang Guoqiang , Cao Bin , Hu Guoqing , Zheng Nanfeng , Liu Sijin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMultidrug resistance represents a growing threat to human beings, and alternative antimicrobial regimens to conventional antibiotic paradigms are being extensively searched to fight against multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB). Although the antimicrobial potency of silver nanomaterials (AgNMs) has been previously elaborated, their efficacy against MDRB still remains to be strengthened. Here, our data revealed that small-sized silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) are superior to conventional silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as robust antimicrobials against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The core structure and surface ligands of AgNCs are crucial for the outstanding antibacterial activity of AgNCs. On the one hand, due to the presence of amphiphilic ligands, AgNCs are relatively prone to associate with the cell membrane and partake in endocytosis with targeted bacterial cells. Molecular dynamics simulations also corroborated this finding. On the other hand, the nanocluster structure of AgNCs led to strong peroxidase-like activity associated with massive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contributes to their overall bactericidal potency. These outstanding features of AgNCs result in elevated bacterial killing efficacy by impairing the cell wall/membrane, promoting oxidative stress and attenuating pivotal cellular processes, e.g., ATP synthesis. Notably, AgNCs manifested great efficacy in treating P. aeruginosa-generated pneumonia in mice and increased the survival of infected animals, as well as exhibited excellent biocompatibility. Taken together, the results of this study pinpoint the great promise of AgNCs as new alternative therapeutics against MDR P. aeruginosa.
Geometric pinning and antimixing in scaffolded lipid vesicles
Authors: Rinaldin Melissa , Fonda Piermarco , Giomi Luca , Kraft Daniela J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrevious studies on the phase behaviour of multicomponent lipid bilayers found an intricate interplay between membrane geometry and its composition, but a fundamental understanding of curvature-induced effects remains elusive. Thanks to a combination of experiments on lipid vesicles supported by colloidal scaffolds and theoretical work, we demonstrate that the local geometry and global chemical composition of the bilayer determine both the spatial arrangement and the amount of mixing of the lipids. In the mixed phase, a strong geometrical anisotropy can give rise to an antimixed state, where the lipids are mixed, but their relative concentration varies across the membrane. After phase separation, the bilayer organizes in multiple lipid domains, whose location is pinned in specific regions, depending on the substrate curvature and the bending rigidity of the lipid domains. Our results provide critical insights into the phase separation of cellular membranes and, more generally, two-dimensional fluids on curved substrates.
Spin-orbit quantum impurity in a topological magnet
Authors: Yin Jia-Xin , Shumiya Nana , Jiang Yuxiao , Zhou Huibin , Macam Gennevieve , Sura Hano Omar Mohammad , Zhang Songtian S. , Cheng Zi-Jia , Guguchia Zurab , Li Yangmu , Wang Qi , Litskevich Maksim , Belopolski Ilya , Yang Xian P. , Cochran Tyler A. , Chang Guoqing , Zhang Qi , Huang Zhi-Quan , Chuang Feng-Chuan , Lin Hsin , Lei Hechang , Andersen Brian M. , Wang Ziqiang , Jia Shuang , Hasan M. Zahid 
Published: September 2020

AbstractQuantum states induced by single-atomic impurities are at the frontier of physics and material science. While such states have been reported in high-temperature superconductors and dilute magnetic semiconductors, they are unexplored in topological magnets which can feature spin-orbit tunability. Here we use spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S) to study the engineered quantum impurity in a topological magnet Co3Sn2S2. We find that each substituted In impurity introduces a striking localized bound state. Our systematic magnetization-polarized probe reveals that this bound state is spin-down polarized, in lock with a negative orbital magnetization. Moreover, the magnetic bound states of neighboring impurities interact to form quantized orbitals, exhibiting an intriguing spin-orbit splitting, analogous to the splitting of the topological fermion line. Our work collectively demonstrates the strong spin-orbit effect of the single-atomic impurity at the quantum level, suggesting that a nonmagnetic impurity can introduce spin-orbit coupled magnetic resonance in topological magnets.
Mitochondrial CaMKII causes adverse metabolic reprogramming and dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Luczak Elizabeth D. , Wu Yuejin , Granger Jonathan M. , Joiner Mei-ling A. , Wilson Nicholas R. , Gupta Ashish , Umapathi Priya , Murphy Kevin R. , Reyes Gaido Oscar E. , Sabet Amin , Corradini Eleonora , Tseng Wen-Wei , Wang Yibin , Heck Albert J. R. , Wei An-Chi , Weiss Robert G. , Anderson Mark E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite the clear association between myocardial injury, heart failure and depressed myocardial energetics, little is known about upstream signals responsible for remodeling myocardial metabolism after pathological stress. Here, we report increased mitochondrial calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) activation and left ventricular dilation in mice one week after myocardial infarction (MI) surgery. By contrast, mice with genetic mitochondrial CaMKII inhibition are protected from left ventricular dilation and dysfunction after MI. Mice with myocardial and mitochondrial CaMKII overexpression (mtCaMKII) have severe dilated cardiomyopathy and decreased ATP that causes elevated cytoplasmic resting (diastolic) Ca2+ concentration and reduced mechanical performance. We map a metabolic pathway that rescues disease phenotypes in mtCaMKII mice, providing insights into physiological and pathological metabolic consequences of CaMKII signaling in mitochondria. Our findings suggest myocardial dilation, a disease phenotype lacking specific therapies, can be prevented by targeted replacement of mitochondrial creatine kinase or mitochondrial-targeted CaMKII inhibition.
A direct coupled electrochemical system for capture and conversion of CO2 from oceanwater
Authors: Digdaya Ibadillah A. , Sullivan Ian , Lin Meng , Han Lihao , Cheng Wen-Hui , Atwater Harry A. , Xiang Chengxiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCapture and conversion of CO2 from oceanwater can lead to net-negative emissions and can provide carbon source for synthetic fuels and chemical feedstocks at the gigaton per year scale. Here, we report a direct coupled, proof-of-concept electrochemical system that uses a bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BPMED) cell and a vapor-fed CO2 reduction (CO2R) cell to capture and convert CO2 from oceanwater. The BPMED cell replaces the commonly used water-splitting reaction with one-electron, reversible redox couples at the electrodes and demonstrates the ability to capture CO2 at an electrochemical energy consumption of 155.4 kJ mol−1 or 0.98 kWh kg−1 of CO2 and a CO2 capture efficiency of 71%. The direct coupled, vapor-fed CO2R cell yields a total Faradaic efficiency of up to 95% for electrochemical CO2 reduction to CO. The proof-of-concept system provides a unique technological pathway for CO2 capture and conversion from oceanwater with only electrochemical processes.
Changing local recombination patterns in Arabidopsis by CRISPR/Cas mediated chromosome engineering
Authors: Schmidt Carla , Fransz Paul , Rönspies Michelle , Dreissig Steven , Fuchs Jörg , Heckmann Stefan , Houben Andreas , Puchta Holger 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChromosomal inversions are recurrent rearrangements that occur between different plant isolates or cultivars. Such inversions may underlie reproductive isolation in evolution and represent a major obstacle for classical breeding as no crossovers can be observed between inverted sequences on homologous chromosomes. The heterochromatic knob (hk4S) on chromosome 4 is the most well-known inversion of Arabidopsis. If a knob carrying accession such as Col-0 is crossed with a knob-less accession such as Ler-1, crossovers cannot be recovered within the inverted region. Our work shows that by egg-cell specific expression of the Cas9 nuclease from Staphylococcus aureus, a targeted reversal of the 1.1 Mb long hk4S-inversion can be achieved. By crossing Col-0 harbouring the rearranged chromosome 4 with Ler-1, meiotic crossovers can be restored into a region with previously no detectable genetic exchange. The strategy of somatic chromosome engineering for breaking genetic linkage has huge potential for application in plant breeding.