bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addition of Bone Marrow Stem Cells Therapy Achieves Better Clinical Outcomes and Lower Rates of Disease Progression Compared With Core Decompression Alone for Early Stage Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Chaofan , Fang Xinyu , Huang Zida , Li Wenbo , Zhang Wenming , Lee Gwo-Chin 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a cause of hip pain and early joint arthrosis in the young patient. Nonarthroplasty interventions aim to decompress vascular congestion in the femoral head and stimulate new bone growth to prevent progression and collapse. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the available evidence on the effect of adjuvant bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) for early stage ONFH.

Methods:
We performed a systematic review of the MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases in search of published reports comparing the core decompression (CD) with/without adjuvant BMSCs for ONFH. The cohort was divided into two groups: (1) CD with BMSCs (intervention) and (2) CD alone (control subject). The various outcome parameters including hip pain and function, progression of ONFH, rate of revision surgeries, and complications were analyzed. Data were extracted and aggregated for meta-analysis. Cases with staging beyond Ficat II, UPENN II, or ARCO II were excluded.

Results:
Of the published reports, 16 met our inclusion criteria with an aggregated 583 hips in the intervention and 468 hips in the control subject groups, respectively. Addition of bone marrow cells to CD resulted in lower hip pain score (VAS) (MD = −10.88, 95% CI = −16.84 to −4.92, P = 0.003) and higher HHS score (MD = 5.59, 95% CI = 1.13 to 10.04, P = 0.01) compared with CD alone at the 24-month follow-up. For rates of progression to higher stages, 138 progressed in the intervention group compared with 202 in the control subject group (P = 0.0002). Finally, subsequent patients who required total hip arthroplasty surgery were lower in the intervention group (22.5% versus 42.3%, P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
Despite heterogeneous and poor data, there is evidence that addition of bone marrow cells to CD appears to result in better clinical outcomes and lower rates of disease progression compared with cored decompression alone.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III
Omvendt undervisning versus tradisjonell undervisning i naturfag på ungdomsskolen: en studie av elevers motivasjon, forberedelser og læringsutbytte
Authors: Kvello Pål , Barstad Stine Slaatsveen , Rønning Bernt , Moen Elin Tronsaune , Østerlie Ove 
Published: March 2020

Som svar på en rekke forespørsler om empiriske data på effekten av omvendt undervisning, har vi utført en mindre studie som sammenligner elevers motivasjon, forberedelser og læringsutbytte mellom omvendt undervisning og tradisjonell under-visning. For å gjøre dette gjennomførte vi en økt med henholdsvis omvendt undervis-ning og tradisjonell undervisning i to klasser på ungdomsskolen og målte indikatorer for elevenes læringsutbytte og forberedelse til undervisningen. I tillegg intervjuet vi elever fra begge klassene og tolket våre data med bruk av selvbestemmelsesteorien for motivasjon. Resultatene indikerer at en økt med omvendt undervisning i ungdomsskolen kan fremme autonom motivasjon bedre enn tradisjonell undervisning. Imidlertid bidrar ikke metoden nødvendigvis til at flere elever forbereder seg eller oppnår høyere læringsutbytte, skjønt den kan påvirke elever forskjellig. Videre er det indikasjoner på at forberedelser har vesentlig betydning for læringsutbyttet i både omvendt og tradisjonell undervisning. Denne studien bidrar med empiri til en mangelfull litteratur vedrørende effekten av omvendt undervisning i forhold til tradisjonell undervisning.
Nøkkelord: omvendt undervisning, motivasjon, læringsutbytte, ungdomsskolen, selvbestemmelsesteorien

Flipped classroom versus traditional teaching of science in lower secondary school: a study of pupils’ motivation, preparation and learning outcome
AbstractIn response to numerous requests for empirical data on the effect of flipped classroom, we performed a minor study comparing pupils’ motivation, preparation and learning outcome between flipped classroom and traditional teaching. To do this, we conducted a session with flipped classroom and traditional teaching, respectively, in two lower secondary school classes and measured indicators of learning outcome and preparation for class. In addition, we interviewed pupils from both classes and interpreted the data using the self-determination theory of motivation. The results indicate that a session with flipped classroom in upper secondary school can promote development of autonomous motivation better than traditional teaching. However, it does not necessarily result in more pupils preparing for class or a higher learning outcome than traditional teaching, albeit it can affect pupils differently. Furthermore, the study indicates that preparation for class has a strong impact on the learning outcomes in both flipped classroom and traditional teaching. This study compensates for the paucity of empirical data in the literature pertaining to the effect of flipped classroom as compared to traditional teaching.
Keywords: flipped classroom, motivation, learning outcome, lower secondary school, self-determination theory
Norepinephrine‐CREB1‐miR‐373 axis promotes progression of colon cancer
Authors: Han Jia , Jiang Qiuyu , Ma Ruili , Zhang Huahua , Tong Dongdong , Tang Kaijie , Wang Xiaofei , Ni Lei , Miao Jiyu , Duan Baojun , Yang Yang , Chen Yanke , Wu Fei , Han Jiming , Wang Mengchang , Hou Ni , Huang Chen 
Published: March 2020

The adrenergic system contributes to the stress‐induced onset and progression of cancer. Adrenergic fibers are the primary source of norepinephrine (NE). The underlying mechanisms involved in NE‐induced colon cancer remain to be understood. In this study, we describe the function and regulatory network of NE in the progression of colon cancer. We demonstrate that NE‐induced phosphorylation of cAMP response element‐binding protein 1 (CREB1) promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of human colon cancer cells. The downstream effector of NE, CREB1, bound to the promoter of miR‐373 and transcriptionally activated its expression. miR‐373 expression was shown to be necessary for NE‐induced cell proliferation, invasion, and tumor growth. We confirmed that proliferation and invasion of colon cancer cells are regulated in vitro and in vivo by miR‐373 through targeting of the tumor suppressors TIMP2 and APC. Our data suggest that NE promotes colon cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by activating the CREB1–miR‐373 axis. The study of this novel signaling axis may provide mechanistic insights into the neural regulation of colon cancer and help in the design of future clinical studies on stress biology in colorectal cancer.
Is Bigger Better? The Rise of Specialisation in Professional Practice
Authors: Cramer James P , Simpson Scott 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDoes the risk‐averse environment of the construction industry bring with it possible advantages of specialisation? James P Cramer and Scott Simpson, respectively a founder and senior fellow of the Design Futures Council international organisation, guide us through specific examples where firms have prospered through concentration on the delivery of certain types of buildings and have expanded the expertise of their staff outside the traditional architectural sphere to provide their clients with a more seamless service.
Mind the Gap: Architecture and the Absurdity of Self‐Imposed Limitation
Authors: Samuels Brad 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBased in New York, Brad Samuels is a founding partner and Director of Research at SITU, an unorthodox architectural practice that is embracing the massive change that technology and work patterns are forcing on the making of architecture. SITU's multidisciplinary staff actively try to engage with and provide insight into ‘the problem of living’.
Collaborative Networks of Robotic Construction
Authors: Yuan Philip F , Yan Chao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConstructing architecture today is a matter of many parallel dialogues between humanity and machines. Professor Philip F Yuan and postdoctoral researcher Chao Yan, of Tongji University, discuss the products and aspirations of Shanghai‐based Archi‐Union Architects and Fab‐Union Technology, founded by Yuan, and their search for ever more dynamic communication between them and their digitally enabled, robotic co‐workers.
Better Development: Alternative Value Creation
Authors: Valle Jared Della 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHow can urban development help address the social inequities within our cities? Alloy, a socially responsible architecture and real‐estate firm based in Brooklyn, New York, invests in its locality, has developed a ‘Swiss‐army‐knife’ multivalent, flat staffing structure and is its own client. Jared Della Valle, CEO and founder, describes its strategies.
Automation and Machine Learning in Architecture: A New Agenda for Performance‐Driven Design
Authors: Ahuja Sandeep , Chopson Patrick 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the modern context it is important to be able to analyse building performance data at the initial stages of the design. This allows spaces to be optimised environmentally with fewer cost implications. Sandeep Ahuja and Patrick Chopson, founders of the Atlanta, Georgia firm Pattern r+d, have developed cove.tool software for the purpose.
Wood‐Derived Lightweight and Elastic Carbon Aerogel for Pressure Sensing and Energy Storage
Authors: Chen Zehong , Zhuo Hao , Hu Yijie , Lai Haihong , Liu Linxiang , Zhong Linxin , Peng Xinwen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLightweight and elastic carbon materials have attracted great interest in pressure sensing and energy storage for wearable devices and electronic skins. Wood is the most abundant renewable resource and offers green and sustainable raw materials for fabricating lightweight carbon materials. Herein, a facile and sustainable strategy is proposed to fabricate a wood‐derived elastic carbon aerogel with tracheid‐like texture from cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and lignin. The flexible CNFs entangle and assemble into an interconnected framework, while lignin with high thermal stability and favorable stiffness prevents the framework from severe structural shrinkage during annealing. This strategy leads to an ordered tracheid‐like structure and significantly reduces the thermal deformation of the CNFs network, producing a lightweight and elastic carbon aerogel. The wood‐derived carbon aerogel exhibits excellent mechanical performance, including high compressibility (up to 95% strain) and fatigue resistance. It also reveals high sensitivity at a wide working pressure range of 0–16.89 kPa and can detect human biosignals accurately. Moreover, the carbon aerogel can be assembled into a flexible and free‐standing all‐solid‐state symmetric supercapacitor that reveals satisfactory electrochemical performance and mechanical flexibility. These features make the wood‐derived carbon aerogel highly attractive for pressure sensor and flexible electrode applications.
3D‐Printed Soft Magnetoelectric Microswimmers for Delivery and Differentiation of Neuron‐Like Cells
Authors: Dong Mei , Wang Xiaopu , Chen Xiang‐Zhong , Mushtaq Fajer , Deng Siyu , Zhu Caihong , Torlakcik Harun , Terzopoulou Anastasia , Qin Xiao‐Hua , Xiao Xuanzhong , Puigmartí‐Luis Josep , Choi Hongsoo , Pêgo Ana Paula , Shen Qun‐Dong , Nelson Bradley J. , Pané Salvador 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases generally result in irreversible neuronal damage and neuronal death. Cell therapy shows promise as a potential treatment for these diseases. However, the therapeutic targeted delivery of these cells and the in situ provision of a suitable microenvironment for their differentiation into functional neuronal networks remain challenging. A highly integrated multifunctional soft helical microswimmer featuring targeted neuronal cell delivery, on‐demand localized wireless neuronal electrostimulation, and post‐delivery enzymatic degradation is introduced. The helical soft body of the microswimmer is fabricated by two‐photon lithography of the photocurable gelatin–methacryloyl (GelMA)‐based hydrogel. The helical body is then impregnated with composite multiferroic nanoparticles displaying magnetoelectric features (MENPs). While the soft GelMA hydrogel chassis supports the cell growth, and is degraded by enzymes secreted by cells, the MENPs allow for the magnetic transportation of the bioactive chassis, and act as magnetically mediated electrostimulators of neuron‐like cells. The unique combination of the materials makes these microswimmers highly integrated devices that fulfill several requirements for their future translation to clinical applications, such as cargo delivery, cell stimulation, and biodegradability. The authors envision that these devices will inspire new avenues for targeted cell therapies for traumatic injuries and diseases in the central nervous system.
Electric‐Field‐Induced Ionic Sieving at Planar Graphene Oxide Heterojunctions for Miniaturized Water Desalination
Authors: Wen Qi , Jia Pan , Cao Liuxuan , Li Jipeng , Quan Di , Wang Lili , Zhang Yanbing , Lu Diannan , Jiang Lei , Guo Wei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLayered graphene oxide membranes (GOMs) offer a unique platform for precise sieving of small ions and molecules due to controlled sub‐nanometer‐wide interlayer distance and versatile surface chemistry. Pristine and chemically modified GOMs effectively block organic dyes and nanoparticles, but fail to exclude smaller ions with hydrated diameters less than 9 Å. Toward sieving of small inorganic salt ions, a number of strategies are proposed by reducing the interlayer spacing down to merely several angstroms. However, one critical challenge for such compressed GOMs is the extremely low water flux (<0.1 Lm−2 h−1 bar−1) that prevents these innovative nanomaterials from being used in real‐world applications. Here, a planar heterogeneous graphene oxide membrane (PHGOM) with both nearly perfect salt rejection and high water flux is reported. Horizontal ion transport through oppositely charged GO multilayer lateral heterojunction exhibits bi‐unipolar transport behavior, blocking the conduction of both cations and anions. Assisted by a forward electric field, salt concentration is depleted in the near‐neutral transition area of the PHGOM. In this situation, deionized water can be extracted from the depletion zone. Following this mechanism, a high rejection rate of 97.0% for NaCl and water flux of 1529 Lm−2 h−1 bar−1 at the outlet via an inverted T‐shaped water extraction mode are achieved.
Recycled Red Mud–Decorated Porous 3D Graphene for High‐Energy Flexible Micro‐Supercapacitor
Authors: Bhattacharya Gourav , Fishlock Sam J. , Pritam Anurag , Sinha Roy Susanta , McLaughlin James A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFlexible micro‐supercapacitors, with high energy and power density, and using materials with a low environmental impact are attractive for next‐generation energy storage devices. Carbon‐based materials are widely used for supercapacitors but can be increased in energy density via combination with metal oxides. Red mud is an iron‐oxide‐rich by‐product of aluminum production, which needs to be more widely utilized to reduce its environmental damage. To achieve a flexible micro‐supercapacitor device with increased energy density, a laser‐induced graphene (LIG) supercapacitor is realized from a polyimide substrate, decorated with red‐mud nanoparticles (LIG‐RM), employing a solid‐state ionic liquid electrolyte with a mixture of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMI][TFSI]), and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM][BF4]). The fabricated two‐electrode flexible device, in an interdigitated planar design, with inkjet‐printed silver current collectors, has a high energy of 0.018 mWh cm−2 at a power of 0.66 mW cm−2, with 81% of capacitance retained after 4000 cycles and good resistance to bending and flexing. The high energy storage performance, brought about through the combination of graphene and red‐mud nanoparticles, which would—if not utilized—be an environmental liability, shows a promise as a material for future energy storage with low environmental impact.
Negative Linear Compressibility and Auxeticity in Boron Arsenate
Authors: Grima‐Cornish James N. , Vella‐Żarb Liana , Grima Joseph N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA novel mechanism is identified leading to negative linear compressibility (NLC) in boron arsenate which is shown to arise from deformations in the framework tetrahedra rather than more conspicuous tetrahedral rotations. Instead, such rotations, which manifest as “rotating squares” when viewed down the c direction, are found to result in negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) in the (001) plane, which in turn augments the compressibility, a phenomenon that should be applicable to other auxetic materials. It is hypothesized that the generic NLC and NPR mechanisms identified here, as well as the augmented compressibility due to auxeticity should also feature in materials and metamaterials with similar characteristics.
Figure‐eight Octaphyrin Bis‐Ge(IV) Complexes: Synthesis, Structures, Aromaticity, and Chiroptical Properties
Authors: Izawa Mondo , Suito Taisuke , Ishida Shin‐ichiro , Shimizu Daiki , Tanaka Takayuki , Mori Tadashi , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHighly twisted structures of expanded porphyrin provide a prominent basis to unravel the relationship between aromaticity and chirality. Here we report the synthesis of bis‐Ge(IV) complexes of [38]octaphyrin that display rigid figure‐eight structures. Two bis‐Ge(IV) [38]octaphyrin isomers with respect to the stereochemistry of the axial hydroxy groups on the germanium ions were obtained and found to be aromatic. Upon oxidation with MnO2, these [38]octaphyrin complexes were converted to a single syn‐type isomer of [36]octaphyrin with retained figure‐eight conformation. The enantiomers have been successfully separated by HPLC equipped with a chiral stationary phase. While aromatic [38]octaphyrin Ge(IV) complexes showed quite large molar circular dichroism of up to Δϵ=1500 M−1cm−1 with a dissymmetry factor gabs of 0.035, weakly antiaromatic [36]octaphyrin Ge(IV) complexes underscored moderate values; Δϵ=540 M−1cm−1 with gabs of 0.023. Thus, the figure‐eight octaphyrin scaffold has been proved to be an attractive platform for novel chiroptical materials with tunable aromaticity.
In Laubholz eingeklebte Stäbe – experimentelle und numerische Bewertung der Tragfähigkeit
Authors: Grunwald Cordula , Myslicki Sebastian , Diehl Friedemann , Bletz‐Mühldorfer Oliver 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEingeklebte Stäbe stellen eine im Holzbau weit verbreitete geklebte strukturelle Verbindung dar. Bisher konzentrierte sich die gängige Praxis weitgehend auf Nadelholz. Die meisten Strukturklebstoffe sind dementsprechend speziell für die Verarbeitung von Nadelholz, insbesondere Fichte, entwickelt. Der vermehrte Einsatz von Laubholz bzw. Holzwerkstoffen fordert tiefere Erkenntnisse über geklebte Verbindungen mit Laubholz. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über eine umfangreiche Forschungsreihe mit neun Klebstoffen, drei Holzwerkstoffen und vier Arten von Stäben. Die Untersuchungen erfolgten zunächst auf Ebene der Komponenten als vollständige Charakterisierung der Werkstoffe Holz, Klebstoff und Stab. Es folgten großmaßstäbliche Bauteilversuche. Insgesamt wurden 180 Einzelproben getestet. Neben dem experimentellen Teil wurde für den geklebten Anschluss unter Verwendung des probabilistischen Ansatzes ein praxistaugliches Bemessungsmodell für in Laubholz eingeklebte Stäbe unter quasistatischer Belastung entwickelt und validiert. Das Modell lieferte bezogen auf die experimentell ermittelten Bruchlasten Ergebnisse mit einer Genauigkeit von –1 ± 9 % (über alle Materialkombinationen gemittelt). Die Ergebnisse zeigen deutlich, dass die Querzugfestigkeit des Holzes sogar mehr als die Schubfestigkeit auf die Tragfähigkeit des geklebten Anschlusses einwirkt, während die Längszugfestigkeit eine untergeordnete Rolle spielt.
Effects of low‐dose chlorpyrifos on neurobehavior and potential mechanisms: A review of studies in rodents, zebrafish, and Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Silva Marilyn H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesExposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF), a neurotoxic insecticide, is implicated with adverse neurodevelopmental effects in children through noncholinergic mechanisms.MethodsThis review presents qualitative and quantitative evidence in three animal models (rodent, zebrafish, and Caenorhabditis elegans), for neurodevelopmental and behavioral effects occurring at CPF doses lower than those inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE).ResultsCPF treatment in rodents at low noncholinergic doses during neurodevelopment showed behavioral effects, including locomotor activity, neuromotor function (NMF), cognition, anxiety, social behavior, and maternal care. Zebrafish and C. elegans, which are transparent during development, allow for detailed analysis of specific systems; further, they exhibit neurotoxic effects closely emulating those observed in mammalian pathways. Qualitative results showed concordance among rodents, zebrafish and C. elegans for adverse effects on locomotor activity, NMF, and AChE inhibition. Male rodents had greater sensitivity for effects on locomotor activity than females and exposure during the gestation day 10–14 window showed consistent increases in locomotor activity at low CPF doses (≤1.0 mg kg−1 day−1). Zebrafish had cognitive and anxiety deficits after CPF treatment at low doses and young adult C. elegans had reproductive dysfunction associated NMF and disruption of the serotonergic pathway. Quantitative data for all three species showed neurobehavioral effects after exposure to CPF doses approximately 2–10‐fold below the threshold for AChE inhibition.ConclusionsTaken together, these findings provided a weight‐of‐evidence for low‐dose CPF neurotoxicity and noncholinergic mechanisms. Variability in laboratories, exposure methods, tests, sex, and animal species/strain might have contributed to the inconsistent results. The detrimental CPF effects during early development are relevant to human populations.