bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual coach: the next tool in functional endoscopic sinus surgery education
Authors: Richards John P. , Done Aaron J. , Barber Samuel R. , Jain Saurabh , Son Young‐Jun , Chang Eugene H. 
Published: December 2019

BackgoundFunctional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) can be challenging as novices become accustomed to handling endoscopes and instruments while navigating complex sinonasal anatomy. Experts demonstrate fluid and efficient motions when addressing pathology. The training process from novice to expert relies on hands‐on experience in cadaveric laboratories and preceptorship models that require significant time and expense. This study aims to validate the use of a virtual coach to guide users step‐by‐step through a basic FESS.MethodsSeventeen surgeons were grouped into novice (n = 10) and expert (n = 7) based on self‐reported levels of surgical experience. Users were trained using the maxillary antrostomy module in the Neurorhinological Surgery (NRS) simulator combining the physical craniofacial model with virtual reality (VR)‐tracked surgical instruments in the VR operating room. The virtual coach guided the user using surgical videos, auditory, and visual cues. The coach recorded data for each subject including the number of times borders of the nasal cavity were encountered and time to completion. Users graded the usefulness of the virtual coach on a Likert questionnaire.ResultsFace validity of our NRS simulator was replicated by user questionnaires, and construct validity replicated by differentiation between novice and expert level surgeons (p < 0.01). Novices contacted a significantly higher number of anatomic borders (n = 17) and had a longer operative time (t = 370 seconds). All users reported high scores on the benefit and usefulness of the virtual coach.ConclusionThe virtual coach provides a useful tool to enhance FESS education by providing objective real‐time data in a novel mixed‐reality surgical environment.
Novel nitric oxide‒generating platform using manuka honey as an anti‐biofilm strategy in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Yang Catherina , Mavelli Girish Vallerinteavide , Nacharaju Parimala , Li Kevin , Cleare Levi G. , Nosanchuk Joshua D. , Friedman Joel M. , Abuzeid Waleed M. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundBacterial biofilms are implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis. Nitric oxide (NO) is a key immune effector with potent antimicrobial effects, but a short half‐life limits achievement of therapeutic concentrations. We hypothesized that manuka honey (MH) could induce sustained reduction of nitrite to NO causing biofilm disruption and that this effect would be enhanced with the addition of a NO‐releasing microparticle.MethodsPorous organosilica microparticles containing nitrosylated thiol groups were formulated (SNO‐MP). MH was combined with serial dilutions of nitrite. NO release was evaluated using a NO analyzer. The susceptibility of 2 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms to these NO‐releasing platforms was evaluated using confocal microscopy. Cell viability and biofilm volume were quantified. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann‐Whitney U test with SPSS software.ResultsMH with nitrite generated a linear increase in NO formation. SNO‐MP induced a bolus release of NO within 5 minutes, followed by a sustained plateau phase. MH with nitrite combined with SNO‐MP enhanced NO release during the plateau phase. MH with nitrite reduced biofilm live cells and volume by 88.5% to 96.9% and 95.1% to 95.6%, respectively, vs control (p < 0.0001). SNO‐MP reduced live cells and volume by 61.0% to 98.5% and 74.7% to 85.7%, respectively, vs control (p < 0.0001). MH with nitrite combined with SNO‐MP nearly eradicated biofilm, with a 98.3% to 99.8% (log 1.8‐2.6) reduction in viability and a 91.4% to 97.7% decrease in volume (p < 0.0001 vs control).ConclusionA novel platform that generates NO using MH and nitrite produces a potent anti‐biofilm effect, which can be further enhanced with the addition of SNO‐MP.
Application of new Ru (II) pyridine‐based complexes in the partial oxidation of n‐octane
Authors: Chanerika Revana , Friedrich Holger B. , Shozi Mzamo L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTridentate and bidentate Ru (II) complexes were prepared through reaction of four pyridine‐based ligands: pyCH2N(R)CH2py {R = propyl, tert‐butyl, cyclohexyl and phenyl; py = pyridine} with the [(η6‐C6H6)Ru(μ‐Cl)Cl]2 dimer. Crystal structures of the new terdentate Ru (II) complexes [Ru{pyCH2N(R)CH2py}C6H6](PF6)2 (R = C3H7 (1), C (CH3)3 (2), C6H11 (3) and the bidentate Ru (II) complex [Ru{pyCH2N(R)}C6H6]PF6 (R = C6H5 (4)) are reported. It was found that complexes 1, 2, 3 and 4 crystallised as mono‐metallic species, with a piano stool geometry around each Ru centre. All complexes were active in the selective oxidation of n‐octane using t‐BuOOH and H2O2 as oxidants. Complexes 2 and 4 reached a product yield of 12% with t‐BuOOH as oxidant, however, superior yields (23–32%) were achieved using H2O2 over all systems. The selectivity was predominantly towards alcohols (particularly 2‐octanol) over all complexes using t‐BuOOH and H2O2 after reduction of the formed alkylhydroperoxides in solution by PPh3. High TONs of up to 2400 were achieved over the Ru/H2O2 systems.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Versatile Tool for Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of an Emulsifier Mixture of Soybean Oil
Authors: Vafaei Nazanin , Marat Kirk , Eskin Michael N. A. , Rempel Curtis B. , Jones Peter J. H. , Scanlon Martin G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFinding a fast, reliable, and reproducible approach for an accurate analysis of complex lipid mixtures of emulsifiers is crucial for the food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, cosmetics, and agrochemicals industries. In the current study, a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis of a high monoester mixture of soybean oil (HMMS) was conducted using1H,13C, and31P NMR of 2‐chloro‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaphospholane (CTDP) derivatives. The HMMS was produced by enzymatic alcoholysis of soybean oil and 1.2‐propanediol in a supercritical CO2system. Compositional distribution analysis, quantified by aliphatic carbons with13C NMR, showed that HMMS is composed of more unsaturated fatty acids, comprised of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (60 ± 1.1%) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (22 ± 0.8%), than saturated fatty acids (18 ± 0.9%). The31P NMR quantification of HMMS demonstrated that, out of the total amount of monoacylglycerols (MAG), they are composed of 21 ± 2.9% of 2‐MAG and 4 ± 0.3% of 1‐MAG. Among the three techniques,31P NMR spectroscopy proved to be a practical methodology with high reproducibility for the precise detection and quantification of partially esterified glycerols and free fatty acids in complex lipid mixtures.
Comparison of computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method and discrete element method simulations for a screw conveyor
Authors: Wang Shuyan , Ji Yu , Wang Shuqing , Chen Yujia , Tian Ruichao , Ma Yimei , Sun Qiji 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFlow behavior of particles is simulated by means of discrete element method (DEM) in a screw conveyor. The gas flow is considered by the Euler model. The subgrid scale model turbulence model is applied to solve gas turbulence. A detailed description of the model equations applied has been presented. The comparison between computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐DEM (i.e., considering gas flow) and DEM (i.e., not considering gas flow) simulation results is performed. Predicted mass flow rate with CFD‐DEM model is in better agreement with experiments by Roberts and Wills comparing with DEM results. The effects of incline angle and filling rate on the flow behavior of particles are predicted. The simulation results show that the gas flow has a major impact on particle flow behavior at a high rotation speed, whereas the velocity of particles increases with an increase of rotation speed. As the filling rate rises, both the translational granular temperature and the rotational granular particle temperature decline, which means that the particles fluctuation turns weak. While with an increase of incline angle, from the horizontal to vertical, the translational granular temperature is increased, but the rotational granular temperature reduces and then goes up. In brief, translational motion is a main mode of motion in a screw conveyor.
RhIII‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Highly Substituted 2‐Pyridones using Fluorinated Diazomalonate
Authors: Das Debapratim , Sahoo Gopal , Biswas Aniruddha , Samanta Rajarshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA RhIII‐catalyzed strategy was developed for the rapid construction of highly substituted 2‐pyridone scaffolds using α,β‐unsaturated oximes and fluorinated diazomalonate. The reaction proceeds through direct, site‐selective alkylation based on migratory insertion and subsequent cyclocondensation. A wide substrate scope with different functional groups was explored. The requirement of fluorinated diazomalonate was explored for this transformation. The developed methodology was further extended with the synthesis of the bioactive compound.
Observer‐based adaptive DSC with nonlinear gain and recursive sliding mode for non‐affine nonlinear systems
Authors: Yang Yang , Meng Qing , Yue Dong , Ge Hui , Hou Xiaolei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe output feedback control issue is addressed for a class of non‐affine nonlinear systems in this paper. In the situation that the internal states of the system are not available, we design a neural network (NN) observer and employ NNs to compensate unknown dynamics in real time. Considering the error and dynamic performance of each subsystem, we introduce the recursive sliding‐mode dynamic surface method and nonlinear gain function into the output feedback control strategy. The proposed strategy not only enhances the range of control parameters but also makes a compromise between the control accuracy and dynamic performance. The boundedness of the closed‐loop signals is proven by the Lyapunov theory. Finally, the simulation results verify the validity of the control strategy.
Involvement of Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) in doxorubicin‐induced cytotoxicity in H9c2 cardiac cells
Authors: Takaguri Akira , Akihiro Ohmiya , Sasano Jun , Satoh Kumi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCardiac cell death is one of the major events implicated in doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity, which leads to heart failure. We recently reported that Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) regulates cell survival and apoptosis. However, it is unclear whether YAP1 regulates doxorubicin‐induced cell death in cardiomyocytes. We investigated whether YAP1 is involved in doxorubicin‐induced cell death using H9c2 cardiac cells and mouse heart. In an in vivo study, YAP1 protein expression was significantly decreased in hearts of doxorubicin‐treated mice with increased caspase‐3 activation. Doxorubicin also caused cell death by increasing caspase‐3 activation in H9c2 cells. Doxorubicin reduced YAP1 protein expression and messenger RNA expression accompanied by increased phosphorylation of YAP1 at Ser127. Doxorubicin further increased cell death with increased caspase‐3/7 activation in the absence of YAP1 when compared with doxorubicin or siYAP1 treatment alone. Overexpression of constitutively active YAP1 (YAP1–5SA) using an adenovirus gene transfer technique significantly reversed doxorubicin‐induced cell death by decreasing caspase‐3/7 activation in H9c2 cells. Akt, a potential prosurvival factor, decreased in doxorubicin‐ and YAP1 short interfering RNA (siRNA)‐treated cells. Doxorubicin further significantly decreased Akt protein expression when YAP1 was silenced. Overexpression of YAP1 canceled decreased Akt protein expression induced by doxorubicin treatment in H9c2 cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that doxorubicin‐induced cardiac cell death is mediated in part by down‐regulation of YAP1 and YAP1‐targeted gene, Akt. Modulating YAP1 and its related Hippo pathway on local cardiomyocytes may be a promising therapeutic approach for doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity.
Hierarchical Porous Carbon Anode Materials Derived from Rice Husks with High Capacity and Long Cycling Stability for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Nie Wei , Liu Xiaolin , Xiao Qingmei , Li Liuxin , Chen Guoxin , Li Dong , Zeng Min , Zhong Shengwen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCompared with the cathode materials, the research on the anode materials of the sodium‐ion batteries has lagged behind. Therefore, development of the anode materials with high capacity, long life, and excellent rate properties is the key to unlocking the practical application for sodium‐ion batteries. This study presents the preparation of hierarchical porous hard carbon as an active anode material from rice husks. The as‐synthesized materials are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, N2 adsorption, Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. These porous hard carbon materials exhibit a high specific surface area and are promising for reversible sodium storage. Galvanostatic studies show that the specific initial capacities of all samples were in the range of 130–300 mA h g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 between 0.01 V and 2.3 V. Compared to the other samples, the hard carbon materials prepared at 800 °C from rice husk (RHPC‐800) can deliver a high reversible capacity of 274 mA h g−1 at a current density of 25 mA g−1, maintain a capacity of approximately 260 mA h g−1, and retain 92.7 % of its capacity after 500 cycles. This excellent electrochemical performance of the as‐prepared RHPC‐800 material is attributed to the high specific surface area and low charge transfer resistance.
Electrolyte Engineering as a Key Strategy Towards a Sustainable Energy Scenario?
Authors: Exner Kai S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMajor challenges still need to be resolved on the way towards a sustainable energy scenario. A future vision comprises the development of electrocatalysts, refraining from using scarce noble metals, for electrocatalytic key processes, such as hydrogen and oxygen evolution and reduction reactions or CO2 reduction. Hitherto, the focus was set on the investigation of electrode materials, whereas only little emphasis was put on the electrolyte solution. Recently, it was reported that, under non‐acidic pH conditions, the composition of the electrolyte solution has a non‐negligible effect on the activity of electrocatalytic processes: this outcome puts forth the idea of electrolyte engineering, a promising strategy that, besides the study of enhanced electrode materials, should be put in the focus of future research investigations in electrocatalysis.
Transapical mitral valve repair with neochordae implantation: FSI analysis of neochordae number and complexity of leaflet prolapse
Authors: Caballero Andrés , Mao Wenbin , McKay Raymond , Sun Wei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTransapical mitral valve repair with neochordae implantation is a relatively new minimally invasive technique to treat primary mitral regurgitation. Quantifying the complex biomechanical interaction and interdependence between the left heart structures and the neochordae during this procedure is technically challenging. The aim of this parametric computational study is to investigate the immediate effects of neochordae number and complexity of leaflet prolapse on restoring physiologic left heart dynamics after optimal transapical neochordae repair procedures. Neochordae implantation using three and four sutures was modeled under three clinically relevant prolapse conditions: isolated P2, multi‐scallop P2/P3, and multi‐scallop P2/P1. A fluid‐structure interaction (FSI) modeling framework was used to evaluate the left heart dynamics under baseline, prerepair, and postrepair states. Despite immediate restoration of leaflet coaptation and no residual mitral regurgitation in all postrepair models, the average and peak stresses in the repaired scallop(s) increased >40% and >100%, respectively, compared with the baseline state. Additionally, anterior mitral leaflet marginal chordae tension increased >30%, while posterior mitral leaflet chordae tension decreased at least 30%. No marked differences in hemodynamic performance, in native and neochordae forces, and in leaflet stress were found when implanting three or four sutures. We report, to our knowledge, the first set of time‐dependent in silico FSI human neochordae tension measurements during transapical neochordae repair. This work represents a further step towards an improved understanding of the biomechanical outcomes of minimally invasive mitral valve repair procedures.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of a Single Oral Dose of Peficitinib (ASP015K) in Japanese Subjects With Normal and Impaired Hepatic Function
Authors: Miyatake Daisuke , Shibata Tomohisa , Toyoshima Junko , Kaneko Yuichiro , Oda Kazuo , Nishimura Tetsuya , Katashima Masataka , Sakaki Masashi , Inoue Kazuaki , Ito Takayoshi , Uchida Naoki , Furihata Kenichi , Urae Akinori 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPeficitinib (ASP015K) is a novel Janus kinase inhibitor developed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The impact of hepatic impairment on the peficitinib pharmacokinetic (PK) and safety profile was investigated in non‐RA subjects (n = 24) in an open‐label, parallel‐group, multicenter comparative study in Japan. Subjects received a single, clinically relevant, oral dose of a peficitinib 150 mg tablet under fasting conditions. Plasma PK parameters were measured for peficitinib and its metabolites H1 (sulfate and methylated metabolite), H2 (sulfate metabolite), and H4 (methylated metabolite) in subjects with normal hepatic function, mild hepatic impairment, or moderate hepatic impairment. The peficitinib area under the plasma‐concentration–time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUCinf) and maximum observed concentration (Cmax) were not markedly different in subjects with mild hepatic impairment versus normal hepatic function. In subjects with moderate hepatic impairment versus normal hepatic function, the geometric mean ratios for peficitinib AUCinf and Cmax, were 1.92 (90% CI: 1.39, 2.66) and 1.82 (90% CI: 1.24, 2.69), respectively. Five treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were experienced by 3 subjects, 1 in each group. There were no deaths, no serious TEAEs, and no TEAEs leading to withdrawal. In summary, the PK profile was unaltered in subjects with mild hepatic impairment after a single clinically relevant dose of peficitinib, but exposure almost doubled in subjects with moderate hepatic impairment. Peficitinib dose reduction may be considered in RA patients with moderate hepatic impairment.
Altered peripheral nerve structure and function in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
Authors: Issar Tushar , Yan Aimy , Kwai Natalie C. G. , Poynten Ann M. , Borire Adeniyi A. , Arnold Ria , Krishnan Arun V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThe present study was undertaken to investigate mechanisms of peripheral nerve dysfunction in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA).Materials and methodsParticipants with LADA (n = 15) underwent median nerve ultrasonography and nerve excitability to examine axonal structure and function, in comparison to cohorts of type 1 diabetes (n = 15), type 2 diabetes (n = 23) and healthy controls (n = 26). The LADA group was matched for diabetes duration, glycaemic control, and neuropathy severity with the type 1 and type 2 diabetes groups. A validated mathematical model of the human axon was utilized to investigate the pathophysiological basis of nerve dysfunction.ResultsThe most severe changes in nerve structure and function were noted in the LADA group. The LADA cohort demonstrated a significant increase in nerve cross‐sectional area compared to type 1 participants and controls. Compared to type 1 and 2 diabetes, measures of threshold electrotonus, which assesses nodal and internodal conductances, were significantly worse in LADA in response to both depolarising currents and hyperpolarising currents. In the recovery cycle, participants with LADA had a significant increase in the relative refractory period. Mathematical modelling of excitability recordings indicated the basis of nerve dysfunction in LADA was different to type 1 and 2 diabetes.ConclusionsParticipants with LADA exhibited more severe changes in nerve function and different underlying pathophysiological mechanisms compared to participants with type 1 or 2 diabetes. Intensive management of risk factors to delay the progression of neuropathy in LADA may be required.
The evolution of crocodilian nesting ecology and behavior
Authors: Murray Christopher M. , Crother Brian I. , Doody J. Sean 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCrocodilians comprise an ancient and successful lineage of archosaurs that repeatedly raises questions on how they survived a mass extinction and remained relatively unchanged for ~100 million years. Was their success due to the change‐resistant retention of a specific set of traits over time (phylogenetic conservatism) or due to flexible, generalist capabilities (e.g., catholic diets, phenotypic plasticity in behavior), or some combination of these? We examined the evolution of reproductive ecology and behavior of crocodilians within a phylogenetic perspective, using 14 traits for all 24 species to determine whether these traits were phylogenetically constrained versus (ecologically) convergent. Our analysis revealed that the ancestral crocodilian was a mound nester that exhibited both nest attendance and defense. Nesting mode exhibited 4–5 transformations from mound to hole nesting, a convergence of which habitat may have been a driving factor. Hole nesters were more likely to nest communally, but this association may be biased by scale. Although there were exceptions, mound nesters typically nested during the wet season and hole nesters during the dry season; this trait was relatively conserved, however. About two‐thirds of species timed their nesting with the wet season, while the other third timed their hatching with the onset of the wet season. Nest attendance and defense were nearly ubiquitous and thus exhibited phylogenetic conservatism, but attendance lodging was diverse among species, showing multiple reversals between water and burrows. Collectively, our analysis reveals that reproductive trait evolution in crocodilians reflects phylogenetic constraint (nest attendance, nest defense), ecological convergence (seasonal timing of nesting, nest attendance lodging), or both (mode of nesting). Some traits (e.g., communal nesting and mode of nesting) were autocorrelated. Our analysis provides a framework for addressing hypotheses raised for why there has been trait convergence in reproductive ecology and behavior in crocodilians and why some traits remained phylogenetically conserved.