bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detailed information gain and therapeutic impact of whole body computed tomography supplementary to conventional radiological diagnostics in blunt trauma emergency treatment: a consecutive trauma centre evaluation
Authors: Magyar Christian Tibor Josef , Maeder Franziska , Diepers Michael , Amsler Felix , Gross Thomas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The indication of whole body computed tomography (WBCT) in the emergency treatment of trauma is still under debate. We were interested in the detailed information gain obtained from WBCT following standardized conventional imaging (CI).

Methods
Prospective study including all emergency trauma centre patients examined by CI (focused assessment of sonography in trauma, chest and pelvic X-ray) followed by WBCT from 2011 to 2017. Radiology reports were compared per patient for defined body regions for number and severity of injuries (Abbreviated Injury Scale, AIS; Injury Severity Score, ISS), incidental findings and treatment consequences (Wilcoxon signed rank test, Spearman rho, Chi-square).

Results
1271 trauma patients (ISS 11.3) were included in this study. WBCT detected more injury findings than CI in the equivalent body regions (1.8 vs. 0.6; p < 0.001). In 44.4% of cases at least one finding was missed by CI alone. Compared to WBCT, injury severity of specified body regions was underestimated by CI on average by an AIS of 1.9 (p < 0.001). In 22.0% of cases injury severity increased by an AIS ≥ 2 following WBCT. In 16.8% of patients additional injury findings resulted in a change of treatment (number needed to profit, NNP = 6 patients): NNP decreased from 25 for patients with an ISS < 7 up to nearly 2 for patients with an ISS > 25 at final evaluation, thereby demonstrating a significant improvement in the NNP with increasing ISS (rho = 0.33, p < 0.001). Moreover, WBCT in 88.4% of patients identified ≥ 1 incidental finding (mean 3.4) vs. 28.9% by CI only (p < 0.001). Overall, WBCT had treatment consequences in 31.9% of cases (NNP = 3.1).

Conclusions
The application of WBCT in addition to CI in the emergency treatment of trauma had therapy consequences for almost every third patient. On the other hand, WBCT appeared not to be indicated (ISS < 8) in at least 2/5 of patients.
Safety at work and immigration
Authors: Bellés-Obrero Cristina , Martin Bassols Nicolau , Vall Castello Judit 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of immigration on workplace safety, an understudied outcome in the literature. We use a novel administrative dataset of the universe of workplace accidents reported in Spain from 2003 to 2015 and follow an instrumental variables (IV) strategy based on the distribution of early migrants across provinces. Our results show that the massive inflow of immigrants between 2003 and 2009 reduced the number of workplace accidents by 10,980 for native workers (7% of the overall reduction during that period). This decline in workplace accidents is driven by Spanish-born workers shifting away from manual occupations to occupations involving more interpersonal interactions. Immigrant flows during the economic crisis (2010–2015) had no impact on natives’ workplace safety. The scarcity of jobs during that period may have prevented shifts between occupations. Finally, we find no effects of immigration on the workplace safety of immigrants. These results add a previously unexplored dimension to the immigration debate that should be taken into account when evaluating the costs and benefits of migration flows.
Incremental sheet forming of thermoplastics: a review
Authors: Zhu Hui , Ou Hengan , Popov Atanas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIncremental sheet forming (ISF) is a promising flexible manufacturing process, which has been tested in sheet forming of various metallic materials. Although ISF-based forming of thermoplastics is relatively new, it has drawn considerable interests and significant progress has been made in recent years. This paper presents a review of concurrent research on the emerging trend of thermoplastic-focused ISF processes. Attention is given to the processing conditions including process setup, process parameters and forming forces. The deformation mechanism and failure behaviour during ISF of thermoplastics are evaluated, which leads to detailed discussions on the formability, effect of different process parameters and the forming quality such as geometric accuracy, surface finish and other consideration factors in ISF of thermoplastics. A comparison of important similarities and differences between ISF of thermoplastic and metallic materials is made. Finally, a brief discussion is provided on the technical challenges and research directions for ISF of thermoplastic materials in the future.
A large strain gradient-enhanced ductile damage model: finite element formulation, experiment and parameter identification
Authors: Sprave L. , Menzel A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA gradient-enhanced ductile damage model at finite strains is presented, and its parameters are identified so as to match the behaviour of DP800. Within the micromorphic framework, a multi-surface model coupling isotropic Lemaitre-type damage to von Mises plasticity with nonlinear isotropic hardening is developed. In analogy to the effective stress entering the yield criterion, an effective damage driving force—increasing with increasing plastic strains—entering the damage dissipation potential is proposed. After an outline of the basic model properties, the setup of the (micro)tensile experiment is discussed and the importance of including unloading for a parameter identification with a material model including damage is emphasised. Optimal parameters, based on an objective function including measured forces and the displacement field obtained from digital image correlation, are identified. The response of the proposed model is compared to a tensile experiment of a specimen with a different geometry as a first approach to validate the identified parameters.
REALMS study: real-world effectiveness and safety of fingolimod in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Portugal
Authors: Batista S. , Nunes C. C. , Cerqueira J. J. , Martins Silva Ana , Correia de Sá J. , Ferreira J. , Mendonça M. T. , Pinheiro J. , Salgado V. , Correia A. S. , Sequeira J. , Costa A. , Sousa L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundFingolimod, an oral sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator, is approved by EMA for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness and safety of fingolimod in patients with RRMS in real-world clinical practice in Portugal.MethodsRetrospective, multicentre, non-interventional study, reporting 3 years follow-up of data collected from October 2015 to July 2016. Sociodemographic data and previous treatments at baseline and data regarding disease evolution, including number of relapses, annualised relapse rates (ARR) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), were collected.ResultsTwo-hundred and seventy-five participants were enrolled in the REALMS study. Results showed that the main reason to switch to fingolimod was failure of previous treatment (56.7%) and only 3.6% were naïve patients. In the total population, there was a significant decrease in ARR of 64.6% in the first year of treatment, 79.7% in the second year and 82.3% in the third year, compared with baseline. More than 67.0% of patients had no relapses during the 3 years after switching to fingolimod. EDSS remained stable throughout the study.ConclusionsTherapy with fingolimod showed a sustained effectiveness and safety over the 3 years, particularly on patients switched from first-line drugs (BRACE). No new safety issues were reported.
Efficient and low-energy mechanochemical extraction of lead from dumped crystal glass waste
Authors: Mutafela Richard Nasilele , Ye Fei , Jani Yahya , Dutta Joydeep , Hogland William 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlass waste dumps from crystal glass production is an health issue due to the occurrence of antimony, arsenic, cadmium and lead in crystal glass. Recovery of those elements could both decrease pollution and recycle metals in the circular economy. Pyrometallurgy is a potential recovery method, yet limited by high energy consumption. Here we tested a lower-energy alternative in which glass is mechanically activated in a ball mill and leached with nitric acid. Results show that mechanical activation destabilised the glass structure and resulted in 78% lead extraction during leaching at 95 °C. Temperature had the most significant effect on extraction, whereas acid concentration, from 0.5 to 3 M, and leaching time, from 0.5 to 12 h, had insignificant effects. In each experiment, 75% of the final extracted amount was achieved within 30 min. The study demonstrates potential for lead extraction from glass waste at lower acid concentration, shorter leaching time and lower temperature, of 95 °C, than traditional pyrometallurgical extraction, typically operating at 1100 °C.
Study on optimization of extraction technique of pericarp essential oil in Litsea Cubeba (Lour) Pers
Authors: Huang Peng , Gu Zhanying , Yang Ling , Yang Ruonan , Ji Yaxin , Zeng Qingyang , Xiao Fangmeng , Chen Hanyue 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLitsea cubeba is an important aromatic oil plant. Litsea cubeba pericarp essential oil has various physiological activities such as antibacterial activity, antioxidant capacity, etc., and is widely used. Its main ingredient is citral, which is the raw material for the synthesis of many precious spices. For the purpose of increasing yield, researchers have conducted many studies on the extraction of essential oil from pericarp of Litsea cubeba. But the extraction process still has room for optimization。In this study, Litsea cubeba fruits were subjected to an optimized method of hydrodistillation to increase the yield and biological activity of pericarp essential oils. Three-factor and three-level orthogonal experimental design was performed (fruit preservation time, distillation voltage and fruit microwave pretreatment time) to optimize the process. According to the results of orthogonal experiments, the highest yield of essential oil can be obtained after the fruit has been preserved for 9 days without microwave pretreatment and the distillation voltage is 220 V. The extracted essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), which indicated that their main components were 2,6-Octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-, (E)-, 2,6-Octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-, (Z)-, 1-Heptanol and 1-Octanol. GC–MS results showed that the relative content of citral in the extracted essential oil was the highest after the fruit was preserved for nine days without microwave pretreatment and the distillation voltage was 150 V. Changes in the process will not significantly affect the main component types of essential oils, but will significantly affect the relative content of the same components.
Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins: Implications in Neurological Diseases
Authors: Low Yi-Hua , Asi Yasmine , Foti Sandrine C. , Lashley Tammaryn 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHeterogenous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are a complex and functionally diverse family of RNA binding proteins with multifarious roles. They are involved, directly or indirectly, in alternative splicing, transcriptional and translational regulation, stress granule formation, cell cycle regulation, and axonal transport. It is unsurprising, given their heavy involvement in maintaining functional integrity of the cell, that their dysfunction has neurological implications. However, compared to their more established roles in cancer, the evidence of hnRNP implication in neurological diseases is still in its infancy. This review aims to consolidate the evidences for hnRNP involvement in neurological diseases, with a focus on spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), multiple sclerosis (MS), congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS), and fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Understanding more about hnRNP involvement in neurological diseases can further elucidate the pathomechanisms involved in these diseases and perhaps guide future therapeutic advances.
Thromboelastometry in patients with advanced chronic liver disease stratified by severity of portal hypertension
Authors: Raeven Pierre , Baron-Stefaniak Joanna , Simbrunner Benedikt , Stadlmann Alexander , Schwabl Philipp , Scheiner Bernhard , Schaden Eva , Eigenbauer Ernst , Quehenberger Peter , Mandorfer Mattias , Baron David Marek , Reiberger Thomas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) has been studied in patients with advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) without considering the impact of portal hypertension. We evaluated the influence of the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) on ROTEM results in patients with ACLD.

Methods
Cross-sectional study; ACLD patients undergoing HVPG measurement within the prospective Vienna Cirrhosis Study (NCT03267615) underwent concomitant ROTEM testing.

Results
Among 159 patients (68% male; Child–Pugh-A: 53%, Child–Pugh-B: 34%, Child–Pugh-C: 13%), 21 patients (13%) had a HVPG between 6 and 10 mmHg, 84 patients (53%) between 10 and 19 mmHg, and 54 patients (34%) ≥ 20 mmHg. Child–Pugh-C patients (vs. Child–Pugh-A and vs. Child–Pugh-B patients, respectively) showed longer clot formation time (CFT: median 187 s vs. 122 s vs. 122 s, p = 0.007) and lower maximum clot firmness (MCF: median: 45 mm vs. 56 mm vs. 56 mm, p = 0.002) in extrinsic thromboelastometry (EXTEM), while platelet counts were similar across Child–Pugh stages. In the overall cohort, ROTEM parameters did not differ by severity of portal hypertension. However, among compensated Child–Pugh-A patients, MCF decreased with increasing portal pressure, i.e. in higher HVPG strata (HVPG 9–10 mmHg: median MCF: 59 mm vs. HVPG 10–19 mmHg: 56 mm vs HVPG ≥ 20 mmHg: 54 mm, p = 0.023). Furthermore, patients with short CFT and high MCF in EXTEM had higher levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin, as well as higher leukocyte counts (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Portal hypertension seems to impact ROTEM results only in compensated Child–Pugh-A patients. Bacterial translocation and systemic inflammation may trigger a procoagulant state in patients with ACLD.
The Cultural Transmission of Prestige and Dominance Social Rank Cues: an Experimental Simulation
Authors: Jiménez Ángel V. , Mesoudi Alex 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInformal social hierarchies within small human groups are argued to be based on prestige, dominance, or a combination of the two (Henrich & Gil-White, 2001). Prestige-based hierarchies entail the ordering of individuals by the admiration and respect they receive from others due to their competence within valued domains. This type of hierarchy provides benefits for subordinates such as social learning opportunities and both private and public goods. In contrast, dominance-based hierarchies entail the ordering of individuals by their capacity to win fights, and coerce or intimidate others. This type of hierarchy produces costs in subordinates due to its aggressive and intimidating nature. Given the benefits and costs associated with these types of social hierarchies for subordinates, we hypothesised that prestige and dominance cues are better recalled and transmitted than social rank cues that do not elicit high prestige or dominance associations (i.e. medium social rank cues). Assuming that for the majority of the population who are not already at the top of the social hierarchy it is more important to avoid the costs of dominance-based hierarchies than to obtain the benefits of prestige-based hierarchies, we further hypothesised that dominance cues are better transmitted than prestige cues. We conducted a recall-based transmission chain experiment with 30 chains of four generations each (N = 120). Participants read and recalled descriptions of prestigious, dominant, and medium social rank footballers, and their recall was passed to the next participant within their chain. As predicted, we found that both prestige cues and dominance cues were better transmitted than medium social rank cues. However, we did not find support for our prediction of the better transmission of dominance cues than prestige cues. We discuss whether the results might be explained by a specific social-rank content transmission bias or by a more general emotional content transmission bias.
Effect of the gold remodeling preparation method on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of steel
Authors: Paulsen Christian Oen , Børvik Tore , Westermann Ida 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe application of gold speckles on a polished surface is a successful technique for improving digital image correlation (DIC) contrast in scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. In the process of creating the gold speckles, the material is subjected to elevated temperatures for prolonged times. As a consequence, not all materials are suitable for the gold speckled method to improve the contrast for DIC measurements during an in-situ SEM tensile test. In this letter, the effect of gold remodeling on two different steels is investigated. These steels are a dual-phase (DP) steel and a ferrite–pearlite steel (NVE36). The results demonstrate that the temperature these steels are subjected to during gold remodeling will influence the tensile behavior of the DP steel while the NVE36 steel is unaffected by the heat treatment. As a result, we can conclude that the gold remodeling method for creating contrast in SEM images may affect the microstructure. However, the effect of these changes depends on the material at hand and will vary from material to material.
The disaster context model and its application in creating disaster scenarios for hospitals
Authors: Kanno Taro , Hong Shengxin , Yamashita Tomoyuki , Sharikura Sachika 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWidely applied across many sectors, disaster training and exercises pre-embedded within a society can serve as a driving force for strengthening its disaster resilience. While this traditional system has great potential to enhance social resilience to natural catastrophe, its preparation and implementation requires too much time and effort. To solve this problem, this study proposes a model that can be used to produce and share disaster scenarios, introduces a prototype support system for creating disaster scenarios and exercise materials, and shows evaluations of its potential use.
Pandemic anxiety and its correlates among young doctors working frontline in Pakistan
Authors: Rashid Alina , Faisal Kanza 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The study explores the challenges and threats young doctors in Pakistan working frontline toward the pandemic face, and how it translates into their personal and social lives.

Methods
Thirteen resident doctors working frontline with COVID-19 cases were approached and interviewed in-depth until the point of data saturation. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used as a method for analysis.

Results
Four themes emerged in the analysis: pandemic anxiety, organizational lack of readiness for change, impact on interpersonal relationships, and commitment to service. Young doctors experienced psychological distress, and emotional vulnerability due to the challenges and concerns faced by them in the wake of COVID-19. Shortage and excessive reuse of personal protective equipment, direct exposure to the disease, concern for personal safety, fear and apprehension of being a probable disease carrier for families, physical distancing from loved ones, long working hours, and increased organizational responsibility altered the quality of life for doctors working frontline toward pandemic in COVID wards. Doctors who received appreciation and support by families reported improved filial bonds.

Conclusion
The adverse effect on psychological health, personal and social life, and increased professional demands have been some of the major challenges and threats faced by young doctors working frontline toward the pandemic. However, unconditional love and support from family and community has proven to reduce pandemic anxiety among doctors. Furthermore, the sense of compassion and the satisfaction in service to community has kept doctors devoted to fight against pandemic 2020.
Epidemiology and clinical outcomes associated with extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter in US Veterans’ Affairs (VA) medical centers
Authors: Fitzpatrick Margaret A. , Suda Katie J. , Poggensee Linda , Vivo Amanda , Wirth Marissa , Wilson Geneva , Evans Martin , Evans Charlesnika T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:Although infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii are often healthcare-acquired, difficult to treat, and associated with high mortality, epidemiologic data for this organism are limited. We describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes for patients with extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDRAB).Design:Retrospective cohort studySetting:Department of Veterans’ Affairs Medical Centers (VAMCs)Participants:Patients with XDRAB cultures (defined as nonsusceptible to at least 1 agent in all but 2 or fewer classes) at VAMCs between 2012 and 2018.Methods:Microbiology and clinical data was extracted from national VA datasets. We used descriptive statistics to summarize patient characteristics and outcomes and bivariate analyses to compare outcomes by culture source.Results:Among 11,546 patients with 15,364 A. baumannii cultures, 408 (3.5%) patients had 667 (4.3%) XDRAB cultures. Patients with XDRAB were older (mean age, 68 years; SD, 12.2) with median Charlson index 3 (interquartile range, 1–5). Respiratory specimens (n = 244, 36.6%) and urine samples (n = 187, 28%) were the most frequent sources; the greatest proportion of patients were from the South (n = 162, 39.7%). Most patients had had antibiotic exposures (n = 362, 88.7%) and hospital or long-term care admissions (n = 331, 81%) in the prior 90 days. Polymyxins, tigecycline, and minocycline demonstrated the highest susceptibility. Also, 30-day mortality (n = 96, 23.5%) and 1-year mortality (n = 199, 48.8%) were high, with significantly higher mortality in patients with blood cultures.Conclusions:The proportion of Acinetobacter baumannii in the VA that was XDR was low, but treatment options are extremely limited and clinical outcomes were poor. Prevention of healthcare-associated XDRAB infection should remain a priority, and novel antibiotics for XDRAB treatment are urgently needed.
Neoliberal-neoconservative feminism(s) in Turkey: politics of female bodies/subjectivities and the Justice and Development Party’s turn to authoritarianism
Authors: Yarar Betül 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStudying changes in the Justice and Development Party’s (AKP) politics within the general context of the long-lasting history of neoliberalism-neoconservatism in Turkey, this paper aims to provide a new perspective for analyzing the party’s recent drift to authoritarianism from the perspective of its gender politics. For many feminist scholars and activists, the recent changes in the AKP’s gender politics are a matter of an increase in the AKP’s oppression and patriarchal power. These analyses give no explicit account of why there has been an increase or if it is only a matter of an increase in the level of the oppressiveness of patriarchal power. From a perspective that questions this quantitative assumption (i.e. with an argument that the AKP’s politics has been equally oppressive for all women and from the very beginning of its rule), this paper aims to give insights into this complex process which led, first, to the emergence of neoliberal feminism as a new subjective position, and, later, to the modification of this official politics on women’s issue and the emergence of neoconservative feminism along with the AKP’s drift to authoritarianism in response to certain contradictory effects of neoliberalism and its eventual crisis.