bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Position Control of Maximum Wetting Plane for Building Walls with Foam Polystyrene Heat Insulator
Authors: Gagarin V G , Akhmetov V K , Zubarev K P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Current theory of moisture transfer, consisting in combined transfer of vapor in sorption wetting zone and liquid in oversorption zone, is reviewed. Moisture potential F, which is the basis for overwetting protection calculation of the enclosing structure, is described. A steady-stale problem on moisture distribution along enclosing structure thickness is presented. Expression for maximum wetting plane position assessment in the enclosing structure thickness is described. It is proposed to tie origin of coordinates and exterior insulation surface. “Relative shift of the maximum wetting plane” criterion is developed for the new coordinate system. Maximum wetting plane position for the enclosing structure made of aerated concrete masonry base and expanded polystyrene insulation is calculated. One parameter varied and others were taken as constant to find out dependences between maximum wetting plane shift criterion, layers thickness, and interior micro climate parameters. It is found out that increase in base thickness, temperature or relative humidity of inside air results in maximum wetting plane shift inside the enclosure, and increase in insulation thickness results in maximum wetting plane shift outside the enclosure.
Graphical Method for Determination of Maximum Wetting Plane Position in Enclosing Structures of Buildings
Authors: Gagarin V G , Akhmetov V K , Zubarev K P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Determination method for maximum wetting plane position, which is conventional in Russia, is considered. The method is based on the theory of vapor-state and liquid-state moisture combined transfer. Expressions for moisture potential F and maximum wetting complex applied for maximum wetting calculation in the enclosing structure are quoted. Graphic modification of the calculation method for maximum wetting plane position is proposed. Three analytic techniques for the enclosing structure are formulated. These techniques allow graphical determination of maximum wetting plane within the enclosing structure layer, at the joint between adjacent layers, and outside the structure. This method is applied to the enclosing structure, which is represented a facade heat-insulating composite system with exterior plaster layer, aerated concrete masonry and mineral insulation. It is found out that maximum wetting plane of this structure is located inside insulation layer. The plane is determined by the first analytical technique. It is reported that calculation results using graphical method correspond to results obtained using existing analytical method.
Compositional Features of Modern Open Public Spaces
Authors: Dormidontova V , Belkin A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The article is devoted to the actual problem of designing typologically new objects of landscape architecture - open public spaces of the city. The characteristic objects created in recent years in the capitals of Denmark and Sweden are considered. Among them are city squares, embankments, campus territory. The compositional analysis was carried out, the features of their functional and architectural-landscape organization were considered. Based on the study of literary sources, design materials and a field survey, characteristic techniques common to open public spaces were identified: multifunctional, polycentric, open, asymmetric, dynamic balance, lack of axial or centric organization, unambiguous direction of motion, main and subordinate parts. This set of techniques creates an attractive atmosphere of freedom and ease, which helps to form a community of citizens. It was concluded that the compositions of public spaces reflect the modern evolutionary synergetic natural science picture of the world. Their continuity in relation to the city square, square, multifunctional park is established
The Continuity of Open Greened Spaces-Basic Principle of Urboecology
Authors: Dormidontova V , Belkin A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
For home urban planning of the last quarter of a century, a very low level of urban culture is typical. Today, the ecological principles of the formation of an urbanized landscape can become the methodological basis for designing a city. These principles consist in striving to achieve the sustainability of the urban landscape, in other words, the balance of human management processes and self-regulation processes at the expense of its natural components. Urban-ecological approach is carried out through the formation of a system of open green spaces of the city. One of the basic principles of building a system is the continuity of intracity and external, suburban and inter-settlement green spaces. The existence of natural elements introduced into the urbanized environment is facilitated by connections with the biogenic complexes of the suburban area. Thus, instead of the convenient, but absent today, planned indicators of the development of the economy, more complex and not familiar ecological foundations of the formation of the city have been proposed. The most important is the principle of continuity of open green spaces, which determines the quality of the ecological framework of the city.
Compressed and Bending Concrete Elements with Confinement Reinforcement Meshes
Authors: Krishan A L , Rimshin V I , Troshkina E A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Practical application limits and scope related to confinement reinforcement of loadbearing concrete structures are continuously expanding. However, strength and deformability of compressed and bending elements with confinement reinforcement are calculated based on empirical equations. The purpose of this article is to propose new equations for determining strength and ultimate shortening deformation of volume-compressed concrete that would reflect the key mechanisms of their force resistance and ensure higher accuracy of calculations when compared to the currently used ones. The comparison with previously reported empirical data demonstrated that such equations were obtained. An important advantage of these equations is that they take account of all the main factors influencing mechanical properties of volume-compressed concrete and are universally applicable.
Deformability of Volume-Compressed Concrete Core of Concrete Filled Steel Tube Columns
Authors: Krishan A L , Rimshin V I , Troshkina E A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The application scale related to concrete filled steel tube columns is gradually expanding. Therefore, increasingly greater attention is given to their structural improvement. In particular, concrete filled steel tube columns can be manufactured with precompressed concrete core in order to improve the efficiency. However, known relationships used to calculate axial deformations of concrete filled steel tube structures are obtained empirically and unsuitable for precompressed elements. The formula for defining axial deformations of volume-compressed concrete core of concrete filled steel tube columns when achieving its strength is obtained in this study based on phenomenological approach. This formula allows carrying out accurate calculations when using structures both with precompressed and uncompressed concrete.
Analysis of the Growing Conditions of the Growth of Woody Plants in an Urbanized Environment
Authors: Avdeeva E V , Izvekov A A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Gardening of an industrial city is one of the necessary conditions for creating a comfortable environment. In a park or a public garden near a house, a person after a hard day’s work can take a breath of fresh air and put his thoughts in order, sitting in the shadow and listening to the birds singing in the crowns of trees. Also, parks are public spaces where you can make new acquaintances or just have a good time with your family. At the moment, there are many government projects aimed at improving the environmental situation of modern industrial cities and landscaping is not the last place in the list of necessary tasks. But first it`s necessary to assess the current state of the landscaping objects – the level of anthropogenic and development pressure, the degradation degree of plantations, etc. The current research work is devoted to the integral assessment of the quality of landscaping in Krasnoyarsk by dendroindication methods. The materials presented in this paper are the results of the intermediate stage of the research - analysis of the growing conditions of the growth of woody plants in an urbanized environment.
Resistance of Extruded Polyethylene Foam to Temperature and Humidity Effects
Authors: Burenina O N , Popov S N , Andreeva A V 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The article describes an approach to the optimal design for materials intended for the construction of roads. Insufficient strength and deformability of materials used in road construction, which are affected by frost heaving of soil and frost fractures during operation, temperature drops with repeated transitions through freezing and thawing points of water and other negative processes lead to significant damage of the roadway.
Mixed-Use High-Rise Buildings: a Typology of the Future
Authors: Generalova E , Generalov V 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The paper considers the objective problems of the development of modern cities related to the negative trend of their territorial expansion. The necessity of searching for modern methods of developing a multifunctional, compact and comfortable urban environment is pointed out. It is noted that the inclusion of mixed-use tall buildings in the urban structure allows using land resources efficiently and improves the quality characteristics of the living environment significantly. The authors analyze the global experience in designing mixed-use tall buildings with identifying the peculiarities of their functional structure.
Urban and Rural Settlements Distribution of the Republic of Crimea by Absolute Altitudes
Authors: Tabunshchyk V A , Petlukova E A , Kozlova A T 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This research focuses on the location of the settlements of the Republic of Crimea by absolute altitudes. The study is relevant as it considers an elevation of a settlement above sea level which is known to be one of the main factors characterizing the degree of national economy development and well-being. The construction conditions and settlements’ functioning are greatly affected by the natural conditions, and accessibility of the settlements significantly decreases economic expenses. The latest geo-informational methods of study such as (Quantum GIS Desktop) and the data provided by the satellite radar surveying (SRTM) helped to analyse the range of the altitudes, within which the settlements of the Republic of Crimea had been set up. It was determined that urban settlements were formed within the range of altitudes between -7 and 553 m (amplitude – 560 m), but rural ones – between -6 and 1216 (amplitude – 1222 m). Also the distribution of the settlements by landscapes has also been analysed. There are 4 landscape-levels (in increasing average absolute altitudes) – hydromorphic, flat interfluve, low mountain and middle mountain levels on the territory of the Crimean peninsula. It is defined that 346 settlements are located in hydromorphic level, 296 settlements – in flat interfluve level, 342 – in low mountain level and 63 – in the middle mountain level. The most developed and populated levels on the territory of the Republic of Crimea turn out to be hydromorphic and low mountain levels due to the favourable natural conditions, with the least developed region being middle mountain landscape level.
Problems of Restoration of Historical Fenestration for Providing the Normalized Parameters of the Microclimate of Premises in Ancient Buildings
Authors: Spiridonov A , Umniakova N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The article uses the example of the main building of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow. The problems of restoration of fenestration of old buildings with the preservation of historical elements and the creation of modern conditions and parameters of the microclimate were viewed. Also were carried out: visual and instrumental examination of existing fenestration, assessment of their influence on the microclimate of the premises, development of possible variants of their modernization with the maximum preservation of historical details and elements, modeling and calculation of these variants with the use of certified software, selection of optimal variants, as well as the development of recommendations for the restoration of windows and sky lights, ensuring the fulfillment of modern requirements to them. The results of the work will be used to restauration the main building of the museum, which in 2025 will be part of the Museum Neighborhood on Volkhonka Street in Moscow.
To the Issue of Strengthening the Monolithic Reinforced Concrete Slab with Carbon Canvases
Authors: Aralov R , Rimshin V 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The main issue of the study is the modern ways to improve the bearing capacity of building structures. As one of these methods may be strengthening composite materials. Structural degradation of reinforced concrete structures is largely due to their composite base. The aim of the study is a systematic integrated approach to solving the problem of improving the reliability of structures through the use of composite materials. The main advantages and disadvantages of composites are considered. Their classification by type of reinforcing element is given. The main areas of application of composites in construction – in the composition of plastics, concrete, aluminum panels. Approbation of methodical provisions is carried out by calculation of a reinforced concrete plate (δ=0,3 m) in the program complex of the SCAD PC. The gain calculation was performed by the finite element method. The purpose of the calculation was to observe the stress-strain state of the plate before and after its strengthening, to check the correctness of the external composite reinforcement. The calculation results showed that in the case of composite reinforcement in the plate there is a decrease in vertical deformations (about 1.1%) and tensile stresses (1.5%). Conclusions: the results show the feasibility of using composite materials to improve the bearing capacity of building structures.
Features of the Development of Mansions of Chinese Officials and Merchants in Guangzhou in the First Half of the 20th Century
Authors: Kim A A , Smolianinova T A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The article examines the development of one of the least studied types of Chinese-Western architecture of Guangdong province, Guangzhou that is called yanglou. The premises of their appearance are analyzed in the framework of the integration of European culture in China that is especially strongly manifested in the province. The examples of the first yanglou in the historic district of Xiguan are considered. They are dating back to 1900–1910s and still trace the connection with the traditional architecture of the region. The genesis and development of the Dongshan district in 1920–1930s is considered separately. The district is a local rethinking of the “garden city” concept and was created as a model district for the further development of Guangzhou. The Dongshan district presents the greatest number of yanglou, which made it possible to study the change in their stylistic orientation that corresponded to the trends of world architecture.
The Influence of Professional Activities of Railway Engineers on the Development of Architecture in the Far East at the Turn of the 19th-20th Centuries
Authors: Bazilevich M E , Tceluiko D S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The article discusses the main directions of professional activity of the following railway engineers: G. V. Adrianov, V. I. Alexandrov, V. A. Barry, F. N. Drozdov, S. V. Ignatius, S. I. Kerbedz, N. A Kruse, S. T. von Offenberg, N. I. Prilezhayev, N. S. Sviyagin, V. M. Trenyukhin, who worked in the Russian part of the Far East and the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER) right-of-way in the late 19th - early 20th century. Authors give brief biographical facts, reviews the activities of above-noted engineers in the construction of railways and the infrastructure of the station towns and settlements. Special attention is paid to the influence of the professional activities of railway engineers on the development of the architecture of the region.
Industrial Stylistics as a Figurative Component of the Playground Facilities
Authors: Barsukova N I , Protciuk M V 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The article traces the manifestation of the industrial style, which appeared mainly in interior projects at the end of the 20th century, in objects of environmental design of urbanized spaces. The main line of research focuses on the possibility of using industrial style in designing objects for a children’s playing environment, with the aim of resolving or compensating for the progressive unification of playing equipment in a modern city. The experimental part of the research is represented by the project proposal - a play object for playgrounds “Degrees” and a game area “Skeleton” made in the industrial style. The results of the study showed that the imaginative solution of such objects of the children’s playing environment has a unique and multi-faceted associative line that allows to stimulate children’s imagination, as well as solve the problem of excessive uniformity of the environment. The stylistic originality of such objects has a semantic meaning not only for the children’s playing environment, but also for the urban environment as a whole, which demonstrates the value of including such objects in the existing urban environment.
Optimal Design of Wall and Ceiling Structures According to the Mechanical Safety and Comfort of the Internal Environment
Authors: Alekseytsev A V , Voronov Yu A , Volchenko T P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The article describes an approach to the optimal design of load-bearing structures of walls and ceilings, taking into account not only the factors of strength and stiffness, but also the internal environment of the premises. The problem of optimization of structural systems, taking into account safety, reliability and comfort is currently particularly relevant. Most scientific studies consider each factor separately, which can lead to deterioration of both the functional process in the premises and the onset of the risk of an emergency. An evolutionary modeling scheme is proposed, which operates with discrete sets of parameters and allows to obtain design solutions of minimal cost based on a joint integrated consideration of strength, deformability, thermal protection and acoustic comfort of walls and ceilings. The minimization of the structures cost is assumed as a goal function. Stresses, strains, thermal resistance to heat transfer and the value of airborne sound insulation index are considered as active constraints. Two problem statements are considered. The first one takes into account the design of walls according to the criteria of strength and heat engineering, and the second one is the design of the ceilings with ensuring strength, stiffness and acoustic comfort. Examples of the optimal design of the residential building walls and floors with regard to the conditions considered are given.
Properties of Rocky Rocks in Primorsky Regional Deposits Used to Construct the Infrastructures
Authors: Vavrenyuk S V , Voropaeva G G , Farafonov A E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The article contains the analysis and generalization of DalNiis research results regarding the properties of rocky rocks in Primorsky Regional deposits (gabbroides, granodiorites, basalts, porphyrites, limestones) which are most widely used to construct the infrastructural objects: Zvezda Shipyard, Vostochny-Nakhodka Transport Hub, Sea Coal Complex in Sukhodol Bay, Vladivostok – Vostochny Port Highway.
The article presents the main physical & mechanical characteristics of building rock stone for Maly Iosif deposit - Yuzhny section, fields of Smolyaninivo-2, Kuznetsovskoe, Vasilievskoe-2, Vrangelevskoe, Golubinaya Gora, Otkrytoe, Pribrezhnoe, Ferma-1.
The Parameters Ratio in the Strength of Bent Elements Calculations by the Deformation Model and the Ultimate Limit State Method
Authors: Eryshev V A , Karpenko N I , Rimshin V I 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The relations between the deformation parameters and the forces in the normal section of the bent elements with the actual stress profile in the concrete compressed zone and the conventional rectangular stress profile shape of the limit stress method in the limiting state when the stress in the reinforcement is equal to the calculated resistance are determined in the article. The actual parameters in a normal section of a reinforced concrete element are calculated by a nonlinear deformation model using numerical methods of successive approximation using normalized diagrams of concrete and reinforcement according to domestic and foreign regulatory documents. The relations between the parameters in the limiting state are defined according to equality condition of the resultant efforts in the concrete compressed zone with the actual and rectangular stress plots depending on concrete diagrams used in calculations. Recommendations and suggestions are given on the use of the calculated dependencies of determining the compressed zone boundary height in strength calculations using the method of limiting efforts under the effect of the moment in the plane of symmetry of the section for concrete classes, including high-strength concrete.
Innovative Approaches in the Organization of Traffic on the Road Network and Their Applicability in the Practice of Urban Planning
Authors: Timohovets V D , Khodyreva M M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article discusses the most advanced solutions of the organization of transport and pedestrian communication networks used in Europe since the end of the twentieth century. The possibility of their use in the Russian realities is analyzed the conclusion about the need for innovations in the design activity based on statistical and analytical research methods is made. By mathematical operations, the formula of calculation of the probability of road accidents intended for the analysis of the existing situation and justification of the adoption of measures of further development of safe transport infrastructure is deduced. A conceptual model of the intersection, taking into account some performance indicators of the road network, which is not emphasized in the design in Russia, as well as reflecting the fundamental European methods of safety and comfort for all social groups of road users.
An Impact of Waste Foundry Sand on Asphalt Concrete Mixture
Authors: Tyuryukhanov K Yu , Pugin K G 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The article discusses the use of waste metallurgical plant, waste foundry sand (OFS) in comparison with other small aggregates in the composition of asphalt concrete mixture. Due to the constantly growing intensity and loads from the rolling stock, there are high demands on asphalt concrete pavements. Basically, the stability of asphalt to shear deformations depends on the strength characteristics. Thus, the higher the strength of the asphalt concrete when testing samples at high temperature, the higher the shear stability of the road surface. One way to reduce the cost of building a highway, possibly through the use of industrial waste in the structural layers of pavement. The article presents the results of asphalt concrete tests using natural sand, quartz sand and waste foundry sand.