bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Reliability of the Evaluation of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Suspected Stroke by Emergency Physicians
Authors: Onder Halil , Guncu Onur , Hasgul Burak , Dayangac Ibrahim , Gungorer Bulent 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundStroke is a leading cause of serious disability and death and its accurate and timely diagnosis is critical for better stroke outcomes. However, recent studies indicate that stroke is among the most common dangerous missed diagnoses. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), which was first introduced in the early 1990s among clinical concerns, has become an invaluable tool in the evaluation processes of patients with suspected ischemic stroke.ObjectiveHerein, it is aimed to investigate the reliability of the interpretation of DWI in the diagnosis of stroke by emergency physicians.MethodsDWIs of the patients, evaluated in the Emergency Service of Yozgat City Hospital from April 1, 2017 to September 1, 2017, were retrospectively evaluated by four emergency physicians (specialists) separately in a blind and random fashion. The reliability of the evaluations was calculated using Kappa analyses on SPSS Statistics 20.ResultsDWI of 154 patients was enrolled in this study. Kappa values were determined to be as 0.911 (almost perfect), 0.909 (almost perfect), 0.897 (almost perfect), 0.779 (substantial), respectively.DiscussionThe results of this study may suggest that the reliability of DWI interpretation by emergency physicians was pretty high, even it can still be improved. Combining the literature data remarking a substantial number of misdiagnosed stroke patients in the emergency department (ED) and study results, it can be hypothesized that the major problem may be related with rather clinical evaluation processes as well as insufficient neurology consultation. Future reports are warranted to understand the basic problems of stroke evaluation processes in the ED. The results of these studies may aid to develop better solutions while constituting effective stroke programs and initiatives.
Actin protrusions push at apical junctions to maintain E-cadherin adhesion
Authors: Li John Xiao He , Tang Vivian W. , Brieher William M. 
Published: December 2019

Significance
All solid tissues rely on cadherin family cell–cell adhesion molecules for their cohesion and organization. Cadherin adhesive function depends on the actin cytoskeleton, but actin’s contribution to cell–cell adhesion is not fully understood. We demonstrate that actin polymerization-dependent protrusive activity operates continuously to push lateral membranes of neighboring cells together to keep cadherins in contact. Actin-dependent protrusive activity functions as a safety mechanism to quickly repair cadherin adhesive junctions whenever they fail and to prevent myosin-dependent contractile forces from tearing the junctions further apart. Since loss of cadherin adhesion is associated with a number of diseases including cancer progression, then misregulation of actin protrusive activity should be considered as a possible contributing factor to epithelial pathophysiology.
Analysis of allosteric communication in a multienzyme complex by ancestral sequence reconstruction
Authors: Schupfner Michael , Straub Kristina , Busch Florian , Merkl Rainer , Sterner Reinhard 
Published: December 2019

Significance
Enzyme complexes consist of several protein subunits that often catalyze sequential reactions in the cell. The activities of the individual subunits must be kept in phase, which requires a sophisticated communication mechanism that is mediated by certain residues. We wanted to elucidate the communication mechanisms between the α-subunits and β-subunits of the tryptophan synthase (TS) complex, which catalyzes the last 2 steps of the biosynthesis of the essential amino acid tryptophan. To this end, an approach involving the reconstruction of TSs from extinct species was followed. The results of our experimental and computational analyses identified 4 residues that contribute to the communication between the α-subunits and β-subunits and provide an explanation of how they act.
Bulk-boundary quantum oscillations in inhomogeneous Weyl semimetals
Authors: Pikulin Dmitry I , Ilan Roni 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In a Weyl semimetal, a spatially inhomogeneous Weyl node separation caused by lattice deformations can mimic the action of axial electromagnetic fields. Such fields can locally drive a chiral magnetic effect, a local macroscopic current, in equilibrium. In the present work, we study the interplay of external and intrinsic magnetic fields and explore the fate of bulk boundary oscillations in systems subjected to strain gradients. We show that the emerging intrinsic fields leave distinct hallmarks on the period of the oscillations by modifying the particle trajectories. This makes the oscillations depend on the geometry of the system in an analytically traceable manner. We, therefore, predict that quantum oscillations are a natural way to observe and quantify intrinsic magnetic fields, both of which have not been achieved yet in the solid state.
Microstructural evolution, recovery and recrystallization kinetics of isothermally annealed ultra low carbon steel
Authors: Dutta Siuli , Panda Ashis K , Mitra Amitava , Chatterjee Subrata , Roy Rajat K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The recovery and recrystallization kinetics of 80% cold rolled ultra low carbon steel are investigated during isothermally annealing for temperature ranges 350–640 °C as a function of different annealing time. The recovery is assessed by magnetic coercivity (Hc), while the recrystallization is determined by mechanical hardness. At low temperature (350 to 520 °C) annealing, recovery dominates for long time (∼12 000 s), while the annealing at 550 °C/ 900s and 580 °C/ 300s causes the recrystallized nuclei formation . The recovery kinetics is introduced by differential rate equation, explaining the reduction in coercivity with the recovery progress and the variation of an activation energy from 41–113 kJ mol−1. The recrystallization kinetics is found faster at high annealing temperature 640 °C than 550 and 580 °C based on hardness measurement, justifying by apparent activation energy within 114–190 kJ mol−1. Furthermore, the recovery and recrystallization rate increase with different annealing time, consistent to the change of microstructures and grain boundary characteristics evaluated by the orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) of electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD).
Inpatient hip fractures: understanding and addressing the risk of this common injury
Authors: Singh Inderpal , Hooton Kate , Edwards Chris , Lewis Beverley , Anwar Anser , Johansen Antony 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The impact and outcome of hip fractures are well described for people living in the community, but inpatient hip fracture (IHF) have not been extensively studied. In this study, we examine the patient characteristics, common falls risk factors and clinical outcomes of this condition.

Methods
Between January 2016 and December 2017, we analysed all inpatient falls that resulted in hip fracture within Aneurin Bevan University Health Board (ABUHB) in Wales.

Results
The overall falls rate was 8.7/1000 occupied bed days (OBD). Over the 2 years, 118 patients sustained an IHF, giving a rate of 0.12/1000 OBD. The mean age was 81.8 ± 9.5 (range 49–97) years and 60% were women. Most patients (n = 112) were admitted from their own home. Mean Charlson Comorbidity Index and the number of medications on admission were 5.5 ± 1.9 and 8.5 ± 3.7, respectively.
Fifty-three patients (45%) sustained the IHF following their first inpatient fall. Twenty-four IHF (20%) occurred within 72 h. Mean length of stay was 84.9 ± 55.8 days. Only 43% were discharged back to their original place of residence following an IHF; 27% were discharged to a care home (26 new care home discharges), and 30% died as an inpatient. One-year mortality was 54% (n = 64/118). The most common comorbidity was dementia (63%).

Conclusion
Mortality and need for care home placement are both much higher after IHF than following community hip fracture. Most people who suffer a hip fracture in hospital have already demonstrated their need for falls risk management by having fallen previously during the same admission.
The Galaxy Plot: A New Visualization Tool for Bivariate Meta-Analysis Studies
Authors: Hong Chuan , Duan Rui , Zeng Lingzhen , Hubbard Rebecca A , Lumley Thomas , Riley Richard D , Chu Haitao , Kimmel Stephen E , Chen Yong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFunnel plots have been widely used to detect small-study effects in the results of univariate meta-analyses. However, there is no existing visualization tool that is the counterpart of the funnel plot in the multivariate setting. We propose a new visualization method, the galaxy plot, which can simultaneously present the effect sizes of bivariate outcomes and their standard errors in a 2-dimensional space. We illustrate the use of the galaxy plot with 2 case studies, including a meta-analysis of hypertension trials with studies from 1979–1991 (Hypertension. 2005;45(5):907–913) and a meta-analysis of structured telephone support or noninvasive telemonitoring with studies from 1966–2015 (Heart. 2017;103(4):255–257). The galaxy plot is an intuitive visualization tool that can aid in interpreting results of multivariate meta-analysis. It preserves all of the information presented by separate funnel plots for each outcome while elucidating more complex features that may only be revealed by examining the joint distribution of the bivariate outcomes.
Accuracy of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Detecting Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in the Rural African Population
Authors: Masika Golden M , Yu Doris S F , Li Polly W C 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objective
The incidence of dementia in the sub-Saharan Africa is rising. However, screening tools for cognitive decline that fits their linguistic and cultural context are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of the Kiswahili version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA) to detect mild cognitive impairment or dementia among older adults in the rural Tanzania.

Methods
We recruited 259 community-dwelling older adults in Chamwino district, Tanzania. The concurrent validity and discriminatory power of K-MoCA were examined by comparing its score with IDEA cognitive screening and psychiatrist’s diagnosis using DSM-V, respectively. All the questionnaires were administered in face-to-face interview.

Results
K-MoCA demonstrated acceptable reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.780). Concurrent validity was evident by its significant correlation with the IDEA screening test (Pearson’s r = 0.651, p &lt; 0.001). Using the psychiatrist’s rating as the reference, the optimal cut-off score for MCI and dementia was 19 and 15, respectively, which yielded the sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 60% for MCI, and sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 60% for dementia. Further analysis indicated that education and age influence performance on K-MoCA.

Conclusion
Overall, the K-MoCA is a reliable and valid tool for measuring cognitive decline. However, its limited discriminatory power for MCI and dementia may be compromised by the cultural irrelevance of some items.
Architecture and System Design for Marine Cloud Computing Assets
Authors: Periola A A , Alonge A A , Ogudo K A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Ocean provides benefits of free cooling for cloud computing platforms. However, the use of the ocean for hosting cloud platforms needs to consider three challenges. The first challenge is identifying suitable underwater locations for siting underwater data centres. The second is designing a low-cost method for acquiring underwater data centres. The third is designing a mechanism ensuring that the use of the ocean for hosting data centres is scalable. This paper proposes the intelligent marine compute locator (IMCL) to identify suitable locations for siting underwater data centres. The proposed IMCL determines the specific heat capacity of different ocean locations at multiple epochs. In addition, the conversion of end-of-life vessels into artificial reefs that host open-source disaggregated hardware computing payload is proposed to reduce acquisition costs. The use of disaggregated architecture enables multiple cloud service providers to use limited ocean locations. The formulated metrics are the power usage effectiveness (PUE) and ocean space utilization (OSU). Simulations show that the use of disaggregated design architecture instead of non-disaggregated architecture (existing mechanism) enhances the PUE and OSU by 4.4 and 16.4% on average, respectively.
Combined effects of dosage compensation and incomplete dominance on gene expression in triploid cyprinids
Authors: Ren Li , Yan Xiaojing , Cao Liu , Li Jiaming , Zhang Xueyin , Gao Xin , Liu Jia , Cui Jialin , Liu Shaojun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHybridization and polyploidy are pervasive evolutionary features of flowering plants and frequent among some animal groups, such as fish. These processes always lead to novel genotypes and various phenotypes, including growth heterosis. However, its genetic basis in lower vertebrate is still poorly understood. Here, we conducted transcriptome-level analyses of the allopolyploid complex of Carassius auratus red var. (R) (♀) × Cyprinus carpio L. (C) (♂), including the allodiploid and allotetraploid with symmetric subgenomes, and the two allotriploids with asymmetric subgenomes. The gradual changes of gene silencing and novel gene expression suggested the weakening of the constraint of polymorphic expression in genotypic changes. Then, analyses of the direction and magnitude of homoeolog expression exhibited various asymmetric expression patterns, which supported that R incomplete dominance and dosage compensation were co-regulated in the two triploids. Under these effects, various magnitudes of R-homoeolog expression bias were observed in growth-regulated genes, suggesting that they might contribute to growth heterosis in the two triploids. The determination of R incomplete dominance and dosage compensation, which might be led by asymmetric subgenomes and multiple sets of homologous chromosomes, explained why various expression patterns were shaped and their potential contribution to growth heterosis in the two triploids.
Differences in Early Season Emergence and Reproductive Activity Between Spathius agrili (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Spathius galinae, Larval Parasitoids of the Invasive Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
Authors: Ragozzino Max , Meyer Ryan , Duan Jian , Slager Ben , Salom Scott 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Both Spathius agrili Yang and Spathius galinae Belokobylskij and Strazanac are host-specific parasitic wasps introduced for biological control of emerald ash borer in North America. Spathius agrili is native to northeastern China and S. galinae comes from a more northern, colder climate in the Russian Far East. Their origin may lead to differing abilities to adapt to climate and their host in North America. We conducted both field and laboratory experiments to determine the timing of early season emergence and synchronization of each parasitoid species to their host in the United States, and if manipulating prerelease conditions could affect emergence time. A cold acclimatization treatment prior to parasitoid emergence was assessed and compared with untreated control group reared with standard rearing protocols. Stands of naturally emerald ash borer-infested ash were sampled at two locations in Virginia throughout the experiment to determine when the parasitoid-susceptible life stage (third to fourth instar) occurred. Untreated S. galinae emerged approximately 2 wk earlier than any other cohort, whereas cold acclimatized S. galinae emerged later than any other cohort. Emergence time of S. agrili was unaffected by cold acclimatization. Cold acclimatization treatment did not affect the parasitism rate of either species, nor did it have multigenerational effects. Emergence time of the subsequent generation of S. agrili was delayed by cold acclimatization treatment, whereas S. galinae experienced no multigenerational effects. At Virginia field sites, susceptible EAB larvae were present during the emergence time of all four groups of parasitoids. Untreated S. galinae had the least overlap with any susceptible EAB larvae.
Fracture risks among patients with atrial fibrillation receiving different oral anticoagulants: a real-world nationwide cohort study
Authors: Huang Huei-Kai , Liu Peter Pin-Sung , Hsu Jin-Yi , Lin Shu-Man , Peng Carol Chiung-Hui , Wang Jen-Hung , Loh Ching-Hui 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate the fracture risk among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) treated with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) or warfarin.

Methods and results
We conducted a real-world nationwide retrospective cohort study using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. All adult patients in Taiwan newly diagnosed with AF between 2012 and 2016 who received NOACs or warfarin were enrolled and followed up until 2017. Patients treated with NOACs were sub-grouped according to the NOAC used (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban). Propensity score matching was performed for each head-to-head comparison. Cox regression analysis, with a shared frailty model, was used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for hip, vertebral, and humerus/forearm/wrist fractures. After matching, 19 414 patients were included (9707 in each NOAC and warfarin groups). The median follow-up time was 2.4 years. Compared with warfarin, NOACs were associated with a reduced fracture risk [aHR = 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.77–0.93; P &lt; 0.001]. Sub-analyses revealed that each NOAC, namely dabigatran (aHR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.78–0.99; P = 0.027), rivaroxaban (aHR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.72–0.90; P &lt; 0.001), and apixaban (aHR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.52–0.87; P = 0.003), had a reduced fracture risk. Analyses including all eligible patients, without propensity score matching, generated similar results.

Conclusion
Compared with warfarin, NOAC was associated with a reduced fracture risk among AF patients. Therefore, if oral anticoagulants are indicated, NOACs rather than warfarin should be considered to lower the risk of fractures. However, further studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms and elucidate causality.
Prevalence of three lifestyle factors among Australian adults from 2004 to 2018: an age–period–cohort analysis
Authors: Peng Yang , Wang Zhiqiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt has been reported that current smoking, overweight/obesity and physical inactivity are significant modifiable risk factors of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, the effects of age, period and cohort on the prevalence of the three lifestyle factors among Australian adults are still unclear.MethodsOur study analysed data from 2004 to 2005, 2007 to 2008, 2011 to 2012, 2014 to 2015 and 2017 to 2018 National Health Survey. We employed the age–period–cohort models to analyze the individual effects of age, period and cohort on the prevalence of current smoking, overweight/obesity and physical inactivity among Australian adults.ResultsA total of 76 489 adults were included. Age, period and cohort all showed significant independent effects on prevalence of current smoking, overweight/obesity and physical inactivity (P &lt; 0.01) except the cohort effect on physical inactivity in females (P = 0.31). The prevalence of current smoking decreased with age and period, and it first increased with birth cohort and then declined. For overweight/obesity prevalence, it increased with age until early-60s and then dropped. We found a positive period effect on overweight/obesity; however, the prevalence of overweight/obesity experienced several shifts with birth cohort. Physical activity prevalence raised with age, and it has several fluctuations for curves of period and cohort.ConclusionAge effects showed a distinct pattern for the prevalence of the three lifestyle factors. The prevalence of overweight/obesity continued to rise during the study period. The raised physical inactivity prevalence in recent study cycles is also concerning. Recent birth cohorts may be at increased risk of overweight/obesity and physical inactivity.
Termite Diversity in Ecuador: A Comparison of Two Primary Forest National Parks
Authors: Dahlsjö Cecilia A L , Valladares Romero Cynthia S , Espinosa Iñiguez Carlos-Iván 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTermites are one of the key ecosystem engineers in tropical forests where they play a major role in decomposition rates, both above and belowground. The interest in termite ecology and biogeography has increased in the last few decades; however, the lack of comparable data has limited the wider impact of termite research. For Ecuador, termite studies are relatively rare and comparable data that are collected using standardized sampling methods are missing. In this study, we aim to 1) provide comparable data of termite species and feeding-group diversity from two primary forests in Ecuador and 2) explore the differences in termite species and feeding-group diversity between the two forest sites. Sampling took place in the national parks of Yasuní and Podocarpus where three belt transects (100 × 2 m) following Jones and Eggleton (2000) were conducted in each forest. We found that termite species richness was higher in Yasuní (56 species) than in Podocarpus (24 species) and that 57% of the sampled termite genera had never previously been recorded in Ecuador. The inter-site species dissimilarity was almost complete (Bray Curtis (±SD), 0.91 ± 0.01), which may have been linked to the difference in tree density and species richness in the two forests. Termite feeding-groups diversity was significantly higher in Yasuní than in Podocarpus with the exception of soil-feeding termites which may have been due to competition between humus- and soil-feeding species.