bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reinterpretasi Konsep Agama merujuk pada Term Al-Islam sebagai Solusi bagi Problematika Perumusan Konsep Agama
Authors: HM Yasin Taslim 
Published: December 2020

Among scientists, works to invent a comprehensive religious concept for all human beings are still underway. In a literal sense, there are various constraints in formulating the concept of religion in order to be completely accepted by all circles. Some of which are obstacles related to the sacredness of religious meanings and constraints due to the inner feelings of the adherents. In accordance with religion's function, scientists agree that religion has a key role in constructively managing human life. By employing the literature study method, this article, therefore, seeks to explain the problems faced by scientists in the field of social studies in formulating the concept of religion, then present a solution in order to reinterpret the concept of religion by referring to the term “al-Islam” in the Quran which generates some elements applied as a foundation or the basis in explaining the concept of religion comprehensively. These attempts are considered to integrate between science and religion simultaneously and to shatter their domain of dichotomy. AbstrakUpaya perumusan konsep agama yang komprehensif bagi seluruh ummat manusia masih terus berlangsung dikalangan para ilmuwan. Secara terminologis, terdapat beragam kendala dalam merumuskan konsep agama agar dapat diterima sepenuhnya oleh seluruh kalangan. Beberapa diantaranya adalah kendala yang berhubungan dengan kesakralan makna agama dan kendala yang menyangkut perasaan bathiniyah dari para penganutnya. Sementara terkait fungsi dari agama, para ilmuwan sepakat jika agama memiliki peran penting dalam menata kehidupan manusia secara positif. Artikel ini, melalui metode kajian studi kepustakaan, berupaya untuk memaparkan problematika para ilmuwan sosial dalam merumuskan konsep agama, kemudian menawarkan solusi untuk dapat melakukan reinterpretasi konsep agama dengan merujuk pada term al-Islam dalam Alquran guna menghasilkan beberapa unsur yang dapat dijadikan fondasi atau landasan dasar dalam menjelaskan konsep agama secara komprehensif. Upaya tersebut sekaligus dapat mengintegrasikan antara sains dan agama sehingga menghilangkan domain dikotomis antara keduanya
Analysis of The Cycling Trend During the Pandemic of COVID 19 Towards Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) Income
Authors: Ramdani Irham 
Published: December 2020

The Corona pandemic has take down the vital parts of the economic sector. The implementation of the Large Scale Social Restriction (PSBB) has forced people to stay at home. Meanwhile, they also obliged to maintain their well being and health to prevent themselves infected by the Corona Virus Disease (COVID 19). On of the many ways to prevent the virus attack is by doing exercises, most of the society choose cycling as their exercise during the pandemic. This condition leads to the increase of the demands of bicycle and its spare parts although their prices is also increasing. This phenomena could increase the income of the Small and Medium Enterprises. The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of cycling trend during the pandemic of COVID 19 towards the income of small-medium enterprise, specifically the ones in the domain of bicycle. This research will use the qualitative descriptive approach. The interview data will be collected and categorized based on the source of the information, and will be presented in narrative voice showing the increase of small and medium bicycle enterprises’s income, so we can conclude that there is an impact of the cycling trend during the pandemic of COVID 19 towards the increase of the small medium bicycle enterprise, whether it is online, offline, the selling of bicycle, the spare parts, or the accessories.
Creation of First Nations Health Profiles Through Data Linkage in Manitoba
Authors: Ramayanam Shravan 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundFirst Nation peoples (FNs) were not able to identify themselves within administrative datasets due to lack of FNs identifiers, which perpetuates a pan-indigenous approach in advocacy and evaluation capabilities. Linking databases improves the quality and accuracy of FNs health data and offsets the burden of survey fatigue in communities. Creating community profiles helps FNs in identifying health status priorities for communities, Tribal Council and other geographically defined areas.
MethodsA resolution was passed in September 2017 to link Indian Status Registry (ISR) file with Manitoba Health Registry, with First Nations Health and Social Secretariat of Manitoba (FNHSSM) and Health Information Research Governance Committee (HIRGC) oversight to create a Key Linked file which has First Nations specific information. Encrypted Personal Health Information Numbers (PHINs) were added to the Key Linked file to create a Manitoba First Nations Research file which is linkable to other databases. Information Sharing Agreements (ISA) have been developed with federal and provincial governments to mandate the processes for data linkage.
ResultsA resolution was passed in September 2017 to link Indian Status Registry (ISR) file with Manitoba Health Registry, with First Nations Health and Social Secretariat of Manitoba (FNHSSM) and Health Information Research Governance Committee (HIRGC) oversight to create a Key Linked file which has First Nations specific information. Encrypted Personal Health Information Numbers (PHINs) were added to the Key Linked file to create a Manitoba First Nations Research file which is linkable to other databases. Information Sharing Agreements (ISA) have been developed with federal and provincial governments to mandate the processes for data linkage.
ConclusionData Linkage is a key process to assert self-determination, strengthen FNs data governance and achieve Data Sovereignty. Linking databases creates opportunities for FNs to access accurate data that will assist their Nations to lead their own health research and program evaluation that are driven by their own needs and priorities.
Trends in diabetes medications in Canada, England, Scotland and Australia: a repeated cross-sectional analysis (2012-2017)
Authors: Kalia Sumeet 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundWe studied the uptake of new classes of glucose lowering medications, such as Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4s) and Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2s) amongst patients living with type 2 diabetes. We compared this in Australia, Canada, England and Scotland, and explored whether these new drugs are supplementing or replacing older classes of medications.
Research Design and MethodsWe used primary care Electronic Medical Data on prescriptions (Canada, UK) and dispensing data (Australia) from 2012 to 2017. We included persons aged 40 years or over on at least one glucose lowering medication in each year of interest; we excluded those on insulin only. We determined proportions of patients in each nation on each class of medication, as well as on combinations of classes.
ResultsIn 2017, data from 28,063 patients in Canada, 106,000 in Australia, 88,953 in England and 15,603 in Scotland were included. The proportion of patients on metformin increased by 3.4% in Australia (95% CI: 3.24% to 3.55%) and decreased in the other nations. Canada had the greatest decrease, at 4.7% (95% CI: -5.05% to -4.34%). Sulfonylurea use decreased in most nations, while DPP4s increased in all. By 2017, between 10.1% and 15.3% of patients were on a SGLT2 and the use of either a DPP4 or SGLT2 combined with metformin approached or exceeded the use of sulfonylureas with metformin.
ConclusionsNewer, more expensive medications are replacing sulfonylureas and, to a lesser degree, metformin. The effects of these trends on health outcomes and overall costs should be examined.
Higher Ultraviolet Radiation During Early Life Reduces Risk of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes in Boys
Authors: Miller Kate 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionThere is increasing evidence that environmental exposures may be important in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is of interest in relation to the development of T1D because of its immunoregulatory actions. Ecological studies testing the correlation between levels of UVR and T1D have shown a significant inverse relationship for both incidence and prevalence.
Objectives and Approach We used large linked datasets to test ambient UVR during early life against T1D risk at the individual level. We conducted a nested case-control study using linked data from state-wide administrative datasets and NASA satellites. Cases (n=1819) were all children born in Western Australia from 1980-2014 with a diagnosis of T1D on the population-based Western Australian Children’s Diabetes Database between 0-16 years of age. Controls (n=27 259) were randomly selected from all live births in Western Australia and matched to cases on sex and date of birth.
Daily UVR data from NASA satellites, that were date-and location-specific for each individual, were used to estimate total UVR dose for each trimester of pregnancy and the first year of life.
ResultsConditional logistic regression showed that T1D risk was 44% lower in boys of mothers with UVR levels in the highest quartile (compared to the lowest quartile) during their third trimester of pregnancy (p=0.04). Higher UVR in the first year of life was also associated with a significantly lower risk of T1D in later childhood among boys. Among girls, there was no evidence of an association between total UVR dose and T1D risk.
ConclusionHigher UVR in the third trimester and first year of life appears to interact with sex-specific factors to lower T1D risk among boys (but not girls) in Western Australia.
Effect Measure Modification of Multimorbidity On the Association Between Regularity of General Practitioner Contact and Potentially Avoidable Hospitalisations
Authors: Moorin Rachael 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionRegular contact with a general practitioner (GP) has been shown to lower the risk of potentially avoidable hospitalisations (PAHs) independently of continuity of provider and frequency of contact. Multimorbidity affects between 55 and 98% people aged 65+ years and continues to place pressure on healthcare systems globally. However, little is known about its impact on the relationship between continuity of primary care and PAHs.
Objectives and ApproachA retrospective, longitudinal cohort study using survey data linked to routinely-collected administrative health data from the 45 and Up Study conducted in New South Wales, Australia was used to investigate the effect measure modification by multimorbidity on the relationship between regularity of GP contact and PAHs.
Multimorbidity was assessed using the Rx-Risk comorbidity score, which captures the number of condition groups, assigned based on medicine dispensing records, using a 5-year look-back period. PAHs were: (i) any unplanned hospitalisations, (ii) chronic ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) hospitalisations or (iii) unplanned ACSC hospitalisations. Multivariable logistic regression and population attributable fractions (PAF) were used to examine effect measure modification by multimorbidity.
ResultsHigher GP regularity was significantly associated with a reduction in the probability of each PAH type. This reduction diminished with increasing multimorbidity with the effect measure modification most apparent for chronic ACSC and unplanned chronic ACSC hospitalisations. The PAF of moving to the highest quintile of regularity significantly reduced with increasing multimorbidity. For example, a reduction in the PAF of unplanned ACSC hospitalisations of 31.1% was observed in those with a RX Risk score of >10 (17.8%) compared with those with no multimorbidity (48.9%).
Conclusion / ImplicationsWeakening of the relationship between GP visit regularity and PAHs with increasing levels of multimorbidity suggests a need to focus on improving primary care support to prevent PAHs for patients with multimorbidity.
Life expectancy and health care utilization of individuals with dementia in Ontario, Canada: A population-level study
Authors: Fisher Stacey , Manuel Douglas G , Spruin Sarah , Anderson Geoffrey , Taljaard Monica , Tanuseputro Peter 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionIt is important for dementia patients, their families and caregivers, and health planners to have an understanding of life expectancy and the likely care experience of patients from dementia diagnosis to end-of-life.
Objectives and ApproachUsing administrative health data of all dementia patients in Ontario, Canada (2014 to 2017) and period life table methodology, life expectancy and average health care use and cost for individuals from dementia diagnosis to death was examined. Dementia was ascertained by a validated case ascertainment definition and information from long-term care, home care and complex continuing care assessments. Formal care was categorized as inpatient, outpatient, home care or long-term care.
ResultsLife expectancy at dementia diagnosis was 8.7 years and 9.8 years for men and women diagnosed prior to age 75, of which 3.7 years (42%) and 4.7 years (49%) was spent receiving formal care, respectively. Life expectancy was 4.4 and 5.2 years for men and women diagnosed after age 75, of which 2.2 years (50%) and 3.1 years (60%) was spent receiving care, respectively. Women received proportionally more long-term and home care compared to men, while men received more inpatient and outpatient care. In the year prior to dementia diagnosis, individuals received formal care for 20 days per 100 person-days. Those at the end-of-life received care for 79 days per 100 person-days, including 55 long-term care days and 7.8 inpatient care days. Average direct health care costs from diagnosis to end-of-life was $230,000 and was higer for women and those diagnosed before age 75.
ConclusionThe burden of formal care for those with dementia is substantial. The results of this study will be used by physicians to inform conversations with patients, their families and caregivers around what to expect after a dementia diagnosis, and by health care planners for population health planning.
Unifying the UK’S Data for Respiratory Science: BREATHE, The Health Data Research UK (HDR UK) Respiratory Health Data Research Hub
Authors: Orton Chris , Ford David , Sheikh Aziz , Norrie John , Fletcher Monica , Quint Jennifer , Tobin Martin , Hall Ian 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionThe BREATHE Health Data Research Hub is a consortium of five academic institutions and several industry partners seeking to facilitate and accelerate respiratory science initiatives and outcomes. Unlocking organisational, jurisdictional, and scientific challenges, such as differing and inherent complexities with data standards, incongruous governance, and disparate data access mechanisms for over 100 diverse UK datasets are key aims.
Objectives and ApproachCentral to the data effort is the UK Secure eResearch Platform (SeRP UK), and its flagship tenancy, the SAIL Databank. Onboarding datasets, making them remotely available to the respiratory research community, is a key approach. Datasets targeted range from population cohort studies, to respiratory trials data, routine healthcare datasets, and specialist ‘omics data. Partnerships with national safe havens and providers such as eDRIS and NHS Digital will enable BREATHE to expedite and improve wider sharing of datasets for the respiratory science.
Data improvements focus on datasets from primary, secondary, and tertiary care from national healthcare systems, ‘respiratorising’ these datasets and increasing utility for academic and industry respiratory scientists. Incorporating dataset metadata and access permutations into national cataloguing systems at HDR UK, standardising metadata, and interoperability for in-scope datasets form a concerted data quality improvement effort.
ResultsFacilitating data sharing through initiatives such as BREATHE will increase visibility and accessibility for datasets within respiratory science, whilst addressing national cultural and governance issues to data sharing. BREATHE data sharing processes will allow for team science to be undertaken in a highly collaborative manner and allow for best practise in data collection and sharing to flow to nationwide datasets in respiratory science.
Conclusion / ImplicationsCollaborative hubs with scientific domain expertise can be created and leveraged to accelerate data sharing and data science within the scientific area. These collaborative efforts can however be translated to other disease-specific efforts, and indeed disease agnostic platform solutions.
Self-Reported Mental Health Versus Psychotropic Medication Record as A Predictor of Suicide: A Record Linkage Study
Authors: Onyeka Ifeoma N , Maguire Aideen , O'Reilly Dermot 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionBoth rates of self-reported mental ill-health and the number of individuals in receipt of psychotropic medications are increasing. Research suggests that poor mental health is a major predictor of death by suicide, but measuring individual level mental ill-health can be difficult.
Objectives and ApproachThis study assessed if self-reported mental health, psychotropic medication record, or both in combination better predict risk of death by suicide. Data from the 2011 Northern Ireland Census on all individuals living in the community aged 18-74 years (n=1,098,967) were linked to the Enhanced Prescribing Database (EPD) and death registrations until end of 2015. Mental health status was ascertained through a single-item self-reported mental health question from the Census and record of psychotropic medication in the EPD. Deaths by suicide were identified using ICD-10 codes. Logistic regression models examined the association between measures of mental health and death by suicide, with adjustment for individual attributes known to be associated with mental ill-health.
ResultsOf the 1,098,967 individuals, 857 died by suicide during the study period; 0.05% of those with no mental ill-health, 0.21% who self-reported poor mental health, 0.16% of those in receipt of psychotropic medication and 0.38% of those with both. In unadjusted regression models, having both self-report and psychotropic medication record was the strongest predictor of suicide (OR=8.23, 95%CI: 6.97–9.72). Upon adjustment, having both remained the strongest suicide predictor (OR=6.13, 95%CI: 4.94–7.61), followed by psychotropic medication record only (OR=4.00, 95%CI: 3.28–4.88) and self-report only (OR=2.88, 95%CI: 2.16–3.84).
Conclusion/ImplicationsIndividuals with both self-reported poor mental health and receipt of psychotropic medication had the highest likelihood of death by suicide. Of the two measures individually, receipt of psychotropic medication was associated with a higher likelihood of suicide mortality. Understanding suicide risk is vitally important for the effective targeting of interventions.
The Association of Sibling Fracture History with Major Osteoporotic Fractures in Individuals from A Population-Based Cohort
Authors: Hamad Amani F , Yan Lin , Leslie William D , Morin Suzanne N , Yang Shuman , Walld Randy , Roos Leslie L , Lix Lisa M 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionMajor osteoporotic fractures (MOF) are associated with significant morbidity and healthcare system burden.
Objectives and ApproachWe aimed to determine whether sibling fracture history is associated with MOF risk amongst individuals from a population-based cohort using objectively-ascertained measures of fracture history. This retrospective cohort study used administrative databases from the province of Manitoba, Canada, which has a universal healthcare system. The cohort included individuals aged 40 years and older between 1997 and 2015 with linkage to at least one sibling. The exposure was MOF diagnosis occurring at age 40 years or older in a randomly selected sibling. The outcome was incident clinically-diagnosed MOF (hip, wrist, humerus or spine) identified in hospital and physician records using established case definitions. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to test the association of sibling fracture history with the risk of MOF in individuals after adjustment for known fracture risk factors.
ResultsThe cohort included 217,519 individuals; 92% were linked to full siblings (i.e., same mother/father) and 49% were females. During a median follow-up of 11 years (IQR 5 -15), 7274 (3.3%) incident MOF cases were identified. Sibling MOF history was associated with increased risk of MOF (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.48–1.97). The risk was elevated in both men (HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.29-2.06) and women (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.48-2.13) but was higher among sisters (HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.65-2.61) compared to brothers (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.20-2.32). In a secondary analysis of sibling fracture site, the highest risk was observed with diagnosis of wrist followed by spine fractures (HR 1.86, 95% CI 1.57-2.21 and HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.08-1.98, respectively).
ConclusionSibling fracture history is associated with increased MOF risk in individuals and should be considered as a candidate risk factor for improving fracture risk prediction.
Estimating the Proportion of Antibiotics Attributable to Common Paediatric Respiratory Viruses: An Example Leveraging Unique Population-Based Prescribing and Laboratory Data
Authors: Fitzpatrick Tiffany , Malcolm William , McMenamin Jim , Reynolds Arlene , Guttmann Astrid , Hardelid Pia 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionInappropriate antibiotic prescribing, such as that for viral illness, is common in primary care. This is of growing interest given concerns around antimicrobial resistance and harms associated with unnecessary treatment; however, current data limitations have hindered population-based estimates of the proportion of community-prescribed antibiotics attributable to common respiratory viruses.
Objectives and ApproachTo estimate the proportion of antibiotics prescribed in primary care to young children attributable to common respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, human metapneumovirus (HuMPV) and parainfluenza. We leveraged two unique sources of comprehensive, linked population-based administrative data on dispensed antibiotic prescriptions and laboratory tests for respiratory viruses for all Scottish children (<5 years). We fit time series negative binomial models to predict weekly antibiotic prescribing rates from positive viral tests rates for the period April 1, 2009 through Dec 27, 2017. Using linked demographic and hospitalization data, we stratified our analysis by age, presence of high-risk chronic medical conditions, and antibiotic class.
ResultsWe included data on over 6 million antibiotic prescriptions among nearly 800,000 children. An estimated 6.9% (95% CI: 5.6,8.3), 2.4% (1.7,3.1), and 2.3% (0.8,3.9) of prescribed antibiotics were attributable to RSV, influenza and HuMPV, respectively. RSV was consistently associated with the highest proportion of antibiotics prescribed across all analyses but particularly among children without chronic conditions [4.30% (3.19, 5.41)] and for amoxicillin [8.10% (6.43, 9.76)] and macrolide prescriptions [7.65% (6.14, 9.16)].
Conclusion / ImplicationsNearly 14% of antibiotics prescribed to Scottish children in this study were attributable to common viral pathogens such as RSV for which antibiotics are not recommended. This highlights clear targets for antibiotic stewardship programs and suggests antibiotic prescribing could be reduced once an RSV vaccine is introduced.