bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Frost Heaving Evaluation of Typical Soil Samples along Qinghai-Tibet Highway
Authors: Ji Yanjun , Zhang Xuelin , Chen Liang , Hu Yupu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Based on the geological survey data of 167 boreholes along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, the relationship between frost heaving force and natural density and water content of soil samples was analyzed and evaluated. The results show that the natural density along the line is concentrated from 1.9 g·cm−3 to 2.2 g·cm−3. The frost heaving force decreases with the increase of the natural density. Frost heaving force is affected by natural density in three stages. The frost heaving force increases with the increase of natural water content, which can be divided into three stages, too. The surface water system is developed and the water content in the shallow layer is relatively large, which makes the frost heaving force reach 37kPa, which is the maximum along the line.
Steady-state Operational Characteristics for Condenser and Correlative Equipment
Authors: Hao Wu , Yingzhe Hou , Chunguo Wang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Effective control of condenser backpressure and outlet supercooling plays important role in thermal deaeration process. The backpressure model of condenser is established to analyse the pressure and temperature impact of circulating water flow, circulating water temperature and suction capacity of air ejector. The steady-state control characteristics and ability of the above factors to backpressure are analyzed.
Research and Application of Soft Switching Technology in Power Dispatching Communication Network
Authors: Tang Wei , Jiang Hai , Long Jiao , Liu Qing , Shi Ji 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Softswitch is the development direction of next-generation networks, which can better achieve network convergence and service convergence. Soft switching technology has gradually replaced circuit switching technology has become an inevitable trend. This paper analyzes the meaning of softswitch technology and the problems existing in China’s electric power dispatching network, and elaborates the specific application of softswitch in the electric power dispatching communication private network, and hopes to provide some inspiration for the research in this field.
Risk Analysis of High Pressure Gas Pipeline Leakage Based on Bow-tie Model and IAHP
Authors: Zhang Yu , Lv Shuran , Wang Wanqing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Natural gas is a kind of inflammable and explosive high-risk gas, and its transportation mainly depends on high-pressure pipelines. Serious pipeline leaks can cause fires and explosions. These accidents will cause loss of life and property to residents along the line. Therefore, it is very important to conduct risk analysis on high-pressure gas pipelines. In this paper, the Bow-tie model is used to conduct a strict logical reasoning on the causes and consequences of pipeline leakage, and a complete and clear risk evaluation index system for high-pressure gas pipelines is proposed. Secondly, the improved analytic hierarchy process (IAHP) is used to calculate the weight of each indicator and sort the weights. The calculation shows that the equipment plays a major role in the first-level indicators. Among the secondary indicators, the safety equipment, alarm system, natural disasters, operational misoperations, safety inspection errors, and design misoperations account for a significant weight ratio. The evaluation results of various factors are basically consistent with the actual situation. The research results can provide a reliable basis for the daily safety management of gas pipelines.
Life Cycle Cost Prediction of Substation Based on Advanced PSO and Least Squares Support Vector Machine
Authors: Yi Xiong , Chuanyu Xiong , Wu Wen , Zhiwei Xiong , Lie Li , Xiaohong Liao , Lipin Sun , Qiupeng Zhou , Yuxin Zou , Shuang Liao , Yue Ming , Ting Guo , Li Ma 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The rapid prediction of the full life cycle cost of substation has guiding significance for the construction of substation. In this paper, a substation full life cycle cost prediction model based on advanced particle swarm optimization (advanced PSO, APSO) least squares support vector machine is established. The relevant characteristic index of the substation life cycle is used as the input of the model, and the output is the substation full life cycle cost. The simulation results are compared with the prediction results of APSO optimized LS-SVM, traditional LS-SVM, BP neural network four prediction models and related performance indicators. The simulation results show that the APSO optimized LS-SVM model has better prediction accuracy, and can predict and evaluate the life cycle cost quickly and accurately during substation design and construction, and improve the economics of substation construction.
An automatic update framework for fault diagnosis machine on BOG compressor
Authors: Xie Guangyao , Zeng Yuyun , Zhu Wenbo , Wu Zhongkun , Liu Jingquan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The fault diagnosis onBoil-off Gas(BOG) compressor is necessary for the safety and economic benefits in operation. This paper proposed an automatic update framework for diagnosis machine on BOG compressor. Data discretization is applied to transform data through expert experience to Bayesian network. This framework is able to update diagnosis models from expert experience provided by operators.
Study on the Preparation of Water-storage Capsules and its Effect on the Quality of Cigarettes
Authors: Wang Hao , Zheng Han , Zhan Jianbo , Zhang Ying , Li Geng , Wang Xu , Cheng Liang , Kong Linghan , Yu Zhenhua , Xie Jiao , Li Liwei , Yu Tingting , Yu Yao , Yu Jiang , Ding Haiyan , Yue Baoshan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The contents of existing cigarette capsules are basically the storage of ester soluble flavors and fragrances. In this paper, several new kinds of water-storage cigarette capsules were prepared. The influence of the new water-storage cigarette capsules before and after break on the quality of cigarette smoke has been comparably studied with usual samples without capsules. The experimental results show that the moisture content of the smoke increases significantly after water-storage cigarette capsules are pinched, the closer the placement position is to the suction end, the longer the moisture continues. Once the position of capsules in the filter rods is settled, moisture content of the smoke is related to capsule size and moisture keeping. The larger the size of the cigarette capsules is, the higher the moisture content of the smoke is. In the case of total particle content, samples with capsules after pinching is higher than that before pinching, and the content of tar of samples with capsules after pinching is lower than that before pinching, and there was no significant difference in the indexes of CO and suction times. Water-storage capsules are an effective way to reduce harmful smoke and tar, and that to improve the sensory quality of smoking. Water-storage capsules will have broad development and application prospects in the future.
Level of Erosion Hazard in Buffer Zone of Great Forest Park Sultan Syarif Hasyim Riau
Authors: Hadinoto Hadinoto , Suhesti Eni , Ikhwan Muhammad 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The buffer zone of Great Forest Park Sutan Syarif Hasyim, is adjacent to the conservation area that must be protected. Conditions of this hilly area there are water dams and some areas open because of forest burning. In the area there are traces of human activities to open and work the land. This will result in erosion, which impacts the silting of the dam. The purpose of this study is to identify the level of erosion hazard. This research uses survey method. Data retrieval is done by field checks. The data taken, among others; land cover or land use pattern and soil type at the study site. The result of calculation of erosion rate value by using USLE formula then classified into five classes, which is very light, light, medium, heavy, and very heavy. The level of erosion hazard for the area around the dam at the study site shows the category from mild to moderate. The lowest alleged soil erosion is found in the forest and highest in agricultural crops. The area of agricultural crops has a category of erosion hazard at a moderate level with an estimated erosion of 68.19 tonnes / ha / year. And areas with forest cover in the category of light erosion hazard with an estimated erosion of 27.15 tonnes / ha / year
Comparison of Measurement Results in the Breaking System Between Copper Electrodes, Aluminum and Mixed Iron on Solid and Swamp Clay
Authors: Setiawan David , Situmeang Usaha , Monice  
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The grounding system or so-called grounding system is a security system from a possible electrical surge such as lightning. A good containment system will be influenced by the type of electrode used and the condition of the soil where the electrode is implanted. In this study, the authors compared 3 (three) electrodes, namely copper electrodes, aluminum electrodes and mixed iron electrodes which were implanted in 2 (two) different soil conditions, namely in swamp soil and solid clay. From the measurement results obtained data that the copper electrode is better than the aluminum electrode and the mixed iron in solid clay conditions, whereas in the wetland conditions, the three electrodes received very little measurement results between copper electrode, aluminum electrode and mixed iron electrode. Based on the standard grounding resistance value set in the PUIL where the earthing resistance and the whole grounding system shall be no more than 5 ohms so to obtain the value, the depth of the copper electrode under solid clay conditions shall be implanted deeper than the marshland conditions. From the results of the comparison at a depth of 80cm, the resistance value of the earthing copper electrode on solid clay is 952 ohm and in the swamp soil is 71.07 ohm, the Aluminum Electrode in solid clay is 995.5 ohm and swamp soil is 68.52 ohm and iron the mixture on clay is 1052 ohm and swamp soil 76.55 ohm.
Plant Response Due to Inoculation of Fr.Mull Earthworm (Pontoscolex Corethrurus): Pakchoy (Brassica Rapa L) Context
Authors: Lidar Seprita , Surtinah  
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The study aimed to determine the effect and number of Pontoscolex corethrurus Fr.Mull earthworms which gave the best effect on pakcoy crop production. The experiment was conducted experimentally with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 levels of treatment with 3 replications with observation parameters were plant height, number of leaves, leaf width and consumption weight. Observation data were analyzed statistically by variance, if F calculated was greater or equal to F Table 5%, followed by Duncan's multiple distance test at 5% level. Inoculation of the Pontoscolex corethrurus earthworm Fr.Mull can improve the growth and production of Pakcoy plants, with the best number of earthworms being 8 per pot.
Ecological Wisdom of Oral Tradition: Surface and Deep Structure Tension in Preserving the Lake Environment
Authors: Anwar Khairil 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study is about ecological wisdom as the content of oral traditions. The oral tradition lives in its people who live in various topographic nature. Oral tradition is closely related to the local environment. The people living around the lake have the oral tradition in form of legends, myths, and fairy tales. The existence of the oral tradition contains the tension between the surface and deep structure of the environmental preservation. Surface structure is supported by 'modern' humans, on the contrary, deep structures are used by 'traditional' humans. This phenomenon is caused by the advancement of knowledge and technology. For traditional humans, oral traditions have the function. However, for modern humans, it makes no sense. In addition, the oral tradition has meaning as the system of production and reproduction from ecological and environmental material for the benefit of human beings. Ecological wisdom gives enlightenment to make green moral human character in using of nature for sustainable development.
Adaptation of Azolla Mycrophyla to Brackish Water Ecosystem
Authors: Effendi Irwan , Saputra Eko , Tanjung Afrizal , Elizal  
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Azolla microphylla is a tropical and subtropical fern with a length of 1.5-2.5 cm. Some genera can grow in brackish waters, but these biota are more commonly referred to as freshwater plants. Utilization of this macrophyte as fish and livestock feed (cattle, goats, ducks, ducks and chickens) have been introduced in some part of the world. Therefore, it is necessary to know the best way to adapt the fern into brackish water ecosystem and examine the potential for growth in such environment. In this study, two adaptation methods were performed, namely instant adaptation (IA) method and the step by step adaptation (SSA) method. A number of 25-liter plastic basin were filled with 20 l of freshwater or sea water, salt marsh sediment (500 g) and fermented chicken manure (500 g) and used as experimental unit. In the IA approach, the water salinity was adjusted from the beginning at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ppt, planted with fern and observed for 21 days. While in the SSA method, the fern was firstly grown on an experimental unit of 0 ppt for 7 days. Then the water salinity was increased of 1 ppt every 7 days, until day 49. All experimental units were observed daily, including; survival rate, absolute growth, total growth, doubling time, and histological observations of leaves, rhizomes and macrophyte roots. The study showed that in IA aproach, A. microphyla grew normally only in salinity 0 ppt (freshwater). In 5 ppt experimental unit, the organisms survived until day 14. Similarly, at 10 ppt, the macrophytes grew and branched up to day 7. While the treatment of salinity 15 and 20 ppt A. microphylla survived up to 5 and 3 days only, respectively. In SSA method, the fern grew well and the population increased until day 49 at salinity 6 ppt. From the study can be suggested that in case of growing A. mycrphylla in brackish water ecosystem, the organism can be cultivated at salinity below 6 ppt by using step by step method of adaptation.
Ecological Analysis of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) Cultivation: Rokan Hilir and Dumai Context
Authors: Effendi Irwan , Elizal  
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The research was aimed to analyzed ecologically feasibility and prospective of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivation in Rokan Hilir Regency and City of Dumai. The sudy was conducted from January 2017 to April 2018 in 5 sub-districts; Sungai Sembilan (City of Dumai), Sinaboi, Rimba Melintang, Bangko and Batu Hampar (Rokan Hilir District), Riau Province, Indonesia. Water samples were collected at the Senepis River, Nyamuk River, Sinaboi River, Teluk Dalam River, RKT plot and Camp Pemda in the Diamond Raya Timber concession area. It was noted; pH (5.22-7.0), salinity (5.0 to 22.5), phosphate (0.4-1.263 mg/L), ammonia (0.03-0.352 mg/L), nitrate (0.346-0.379 mg/L), CO2 (15.980-123.685 mg/L) DO (2.7-5.7 mg/L) COD (70.4-114.4 mg/L), BOD (4.85-6.4 mg/L) and number of Coliform bacterial cells (7.0-233.05 cfu/100 ml). The dominant species of fish caught in river waters are common species, as in zooplankton, phytoplankton, benthos, and manngrove community. Based on species data, abundancy index, diversity index, homogenity index and dominance index shows that the waters are still in normal condition. The study conclude the area is still in normal condition and suitable for Pacific white shrimp cultivation.
Selected Firms Environmental Variables: Macroeconomic Variables, Performance and Dividend Policy Analysis
Authors: Romus Masteven , Anita Rizqa , Abdillah Muhammad Rasyid , Zakaria Nor Balkish 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of macroeconomic variables such as gross domestic product (GDP) and interest rate of Bank Indonesia toward dividend policy through return on assets (ROA). The population in this study is the Property and Real Estate Company Sector listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) which amounted to 48 companies. While the sampling is done by using purposive sampling approach so that the sample in this research is determined 10 Company. Data analysis techniques use multiple linear regression. The result of this study shows that GDP growth rate has a positive effect on firm performance. Interest rate of Bank Indonesia has no significant effect on firm performance. GDP growth rate has a positive effect on dividend policy. Furthermore, interest rate of BI has no significant effect on dividend policy. In addition, firm performance has a positive effect on the dividend policy.
Regional Development Environment: Implementation, Realization & Contribution of Revenue in Pematangsiantar
Authors: Siregar Robert Tua , Sinaga Rudi Salam , Nasution Ilham Ramadhan , Nasution Chairika , Panjaitan Ferry , Modifa Ira 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the local financial capacity of Pematangsiantar in the course of duty governance, development and community development, the contribution and growth of local taxes, the effectiveness of financial management, the projections and trends of the Local Revenue sources, Admission Local Revenue, and the prospect of Regional Income of Pematangsiantar during Fiscal Year 2015-2017 and the contribution of regional revenue to regional development in Pematangsiantar. The result of this research shows that the Realization of Regional Revenue of Pematangsiantar contributed an average of 93.81 percent, according to the assessment criteria, and the subject included in the category of effective is above 90%. This means that local governments of Pematangsiantar was appropriate and realistic in planning revenue can be seen from their achievements. Contributions and regional revenue growth has increased, indicating their maximum effort in intensification and extensification reception of the Local Taxes and Levies. Discussion of research is with the original income as one source of revenue which shall be used to finance expenditure in order to realize a more equitable development with intensification and extensification of the Local Revenue in line with its potential.
Exploring Three Varieties of Sweet Corn (Zea Mays Saccharata, Sturt) In Pekanbaru: Exciting Agronomic Crops
Authors: Surtinah Surtinah 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe results of the research have been obtained three varieties of sweet corn that produce high. The three varieties are tested in Bukit Raya sub-district. The research aim is to get the highest production varieties in Bukit Raya crater. The treatment design was three varieties of sweet corn, and the environmental design used was a complete randomized design, the mean difference test for treatment using Duncan distance test. The parameters observed were weighted cob weight, cob weight without weight, long unsweetened cobs, and sugar content. The varieties that provide the best production and the highest sugar content in Bukit Raya Subdistrict are varieties of Bonanza
Policy Impact Areas of Spatial Plan Investment Climate of Business Plantation in Riau Province
Authors: Hasnati Hasnati , Yalid Yalid 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The problems of this study sets on how the RTRW policy impact on the investment climate in Riau plantation fields?, then, how the efforts made in the middle of the lack of certainty RTRW policy towards investment in plantations in Riau Province?. This sociological study employ a survey to revealed that the fundamental phenomena that affect the investment climate in the province of Riau is the completion of the RTRW. It is a law that underlies the use of space/land. Therefore, the effect of the completion of this RTRW enormous impact because almost all areas of business will be affected. This is because each investment will obviously be a need for land/land for business activities. However, until this study RTRW by law Riau province has not been established, because there are still problem resolution status of forest in the Ministry of Forestry. Of course, the local government of Riau Province including the districts/cities in Riau did not dare to take the risk of a new legal issue licenses for plantation investments. That is all there is no certainty RTRW Riau provincial government did not dare to give permission for the investor field plantation to use the land. Investment in the plantation business which has been running until now is only an investment based on the provisions of the RTRW long. However, it will not be given permission for a new investor to acquire new land anyway. Despite promising a significant contribution to the income of Riau Province. Last issue of discourse RTRW Riau Province will be completed soon. Estimates in February 2017 RTRW Riau will soon be passed.
Economic Valuation for Organic Farming of Dragon Fruit: Cost Benefit Analysis Approach
Authors: Ningsih Kustiawati , Sakdiyah Halimatus , Felani Herman , Dwiastuti Rini , Asmara Rosihan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article is a descriptive analytic study that aims to analyze the organic farming economic valuation of dragon fruit. Data analysis method uses Contingent Valuation Method by calculating the Social Benefits and Social Costs of Organic Fruit Dragon Farming in order to obtain Net Present Value and B / C Ratio from organic farming of dragon fruit. The results showed that organic farming of dragon fruit provided social benefits of Rp. 3,736,890,099,95.00 / hectare per year. Net Present Value (NPV) Rp. 28,303,945,382.50 BCR = 56.77 and Total Economic Value (TEV) Rp. 3. 671.069.440,01 per hectare per year. Based on the results of the study it can be suggested that the utilization of organic dragon fruit farming is managed well so that the environmental function can be maintained and economic assessment can be used as a reference and management for sustainable agricultural development
System Control Pest Rice Plant based on Microcontroller Arduino Uno
Authors: Rosadi Aswin , Balafif Sabri , Novianti Triuli 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Pests rice plant attack almost every season. Pests rice plant include planthoppers, rats and birds. The farmers used to control pests of rice plants in traditional ways. These traditional methods are felt to be effective brackets to repel rice pests. In the case of the updated automation system by farmers to overcome rice pest. Arduino Uno microcontroller as a controller of Ultrasonic sensor (sound) and LDR sendor (receiver of light). The Ultrasonic Sensor detects arrival and then drives the Servo Motor to drive it away, while the LDR sensor receives light to activate Buzzer (sound output).
The Use of Salt as Clay Soil Stabilization Agent in Central Kalimantan
Authors: Cahyadi Hendra , Puspasari Nirwana 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A building structure is built on the ground. Therefore, it needs to know the properties of soil in order the plan of building structure can be performed well. The commonly soil properties is CBR. The higher the scores of CBR the better of soil properties. Clay soil generally has low scores of CBR. The attempts to improve the original of clay have been conducted, such with soil stabilization. One of the clay stabilization materials is salt. The purpose of the particular research was to know the scores of CBR clay soil in Central Kalimantan before and after stabilized using salt. Clay soil samples were taken from six regencies in Central Kalimantan. The clay soil tests performed was CBR test before and after the stabilization with salt. The planned salt mixtures were 5, 10, 15, 20, 25% and 30% toward the dried content of clay soil. The results of the study showed the original soil of CBR score ranges from 3.90% to 4.75%. Then, after stabilization 5% to 15%, the score of CBR tends to rise of 5% to 9%. Concluded, the CBR score has reached the maximum score with salt addition 10% to15% of the weight of the soil.