bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy estimate of the paved surface of an automobile road after its reconstruction
Authors: Pronina L A , Kupreyeva E N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The article outlines the importance of engineering and geodetic survey during the reconstruction of automobile roads. The main phases of engineering and geodetic survey, such as the creation of a horizontal and vertical control, topographic plotting, technologies for the detailed staking of circular curves, and softwares for the execution of data processing, are taken into consideration. Possible tolerance limits in building and geodetic operations are reported. Research on the evenness of the upper surface of the asphaltic coating of an automobile road after its reconstruction is carried out.
Calculating the stress-strain state of connecting nodes in prefabricated structures from composite materials
Authors: Aleskovsky S L , Pykhalov A A , Lam Zyong Van 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Annotation. The paper numerically studies adhesive-mechanical composite joints with metal and composite connecting elements (rivets and fasteners). The results of comparative experimental tests of metal and composite connectors are presented. The stress-strain state in various layers of composite plates reinforcing composite fibers and in an epoxy matrix is investigated.
Methods and algorithms of development of a CAD system to design automated process control systems in the transport sector
Authors: Sachkov D I , Dimov A V , Upyr R U 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The article considers questions of creation of an intelligent CAD (Computer-Aided Design) system to design APCS (Automated Process Control System) in the transport sector. The CAD system should represent a graphic 2D engine adapted for the solution of problems of design of APCS, surrounded with an information support cloud in the form of a set of relational databases of the engineering information necessary for effective and error-free work of the APCS designers. Programs of processing information that appears on drawings, schemes and tables of the APCS projects on the basis of the algorithms adopted in this subject domain should become an essential part of information support. A CAD system should be equipped with artificial intelligence programs for processing and sorting of external information and search of mistakes in the project.
Analytical design of control system mathematical models for mobile robots based on the methods of inverse problems of dynamics and modal PID controllers
Authors: Sizykh V N , Antoshkin S B , Daneev R A , Bakanov M V , Livshits A V , Aleksandrov A A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Mathematical models of a three-wheeled mobile robot based on the variable state apparatus and in the operator’s form are presented. Based on these mathematical models, the synthesis of its adaptive control system is carried out according to the method of constructing Ziegler-Nichols PID controllers, as well as modal PID controllers. The design method of proportional controllers with double differentiation (PDD) of the autonomous robot is justified. The rules of wheel pair control are synthesized on the basis of reference models using a simple gradient scheme of the inverse problems method of dynamics in the formulation of P. D. Krutko for the problem of stabilizing (blanking) the angular velocities for a three-wheeled mobile robot. Simulink-models of robot movement are developed for cases with the use of PID-controllers which are adjusted by the Ziegler-Nichols method at synchronous deviation of wheels. Simulink-models of robot motion have been developed for cases using PID controllers set up according to the Ziegler-Nichols method for synchronous wheel deflection, modal and real PID controllers for differential wheel deflection, as well as double differentiation controllers. The analysis of modeling results is considered.
The braking service of the linear induction motors with a compound-equalized magnetic flux for magnetic-levitation transport
Authors: Solomin A V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the development of new promising high-speed modes of the transport, especially, magnetic and vacuum pipelines. The linear induction motors will be used as traction machines in the early stages of the development of the magnetic-levitation and vacuum transport. The linear induction motors with compound-equalized magnetic flux for lines of the force, which, in addition to traction, can create lateral stabilization forces of high-speed carriages on a magnetic suspension, will be used in a magnetic vehicle in the nearest future. The effective and safe braking issues are of particular importance for high-speed magnetic-levitation transport. To reduce the speed and stop high-speed transport carriages on a magnetic suspension, the linear traction motors can operate as eddy current principle of the brakes. The article discusses the braking modes of a linear induction motor with a compound-equalized magnetic flux for lines based on the equivalent circuit of the machine. The analytical relationships are obtained for the calculation of the braking forces.
Reduction of electrical energy losses of power transformers of 25 kV traction substations
Authors: Grigoriev N P , Klykov M S , Tikhomirov V A , Trofimovich P N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The aim of the study is to reduce the losses of electrical energy in power transformers of AC traction substations. To reduce the losses of electrical energy, interval counterregulation of performance indicators in the traction power supply system is performed. The planning of the electrical energy losses is determined by the predictive time intervals. The electrical energy losses in the time interval are determined by the power losses of instantaneous circuits. Instantaneous circuits determine the voltage of the windings of transformers, the currents of the power supply arms of the electric traction network, the transformation ratios, the temperature of the windings and the power of regional loads. The predictive values of the instantaneous circuits are determined by the results of the monitoring of the completed train schedules, statistical analysis and simulation modeling of the operation of the traction substation. The initial data for the calculation are the predictive discrete values of the performance indicators of the traction power supply system. The calculation of power losses in steel in power transformers is performed taking into account voltage unbalance. Copper losses are determined in phases, taking into account the distribution of arm currents in the windings and the actual transformation ratios. Actual transformation ratios are determined based on the voltage control stage. The effect of winding temperature on power losses is taken into account by the temperature coefficient of resistance. The number of transformers in operation at the predictive time intervals is selected by the minimum loss of electrical energy. The accuracy of the choice of the number of transformers in operation is checked by analyzing the implementation of the forecast train schedule. The error of the initial data and simulation modeling is determined by comparing the predictive values and the monitoring results. It is proposed to carry out performance management of the traction power supply system on the basis of digital technologies.
Creation of a learning microprocessor system for protection of contact network feeders using adaptive parametric identification methods
Authors: Vostrikov M V , Menaker K V , Ushakov V A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Handling of high-weight trains, double trains, packet traffic schedule, recuperation on electric locomotives often leads to false protection relays, downtime of trains and increased wear of power switching and protective equipment of traction substations. The paper proposes methods to improve the selectivity of microprocessor relay protection of feeders of AC traction substations contact network by increasing the accuracy of extraction of the first current and voltage harmonic based on phase locked circuits, integration of learning subroutines by fixing the electric parameters and creating the sets of dynamic setpoints in accordance with the current train situation and adaptive parametric identification of dynamic assessment of current electric parameters of the traction network. It also analyzes structural diagrams of hardware and software of the proposed microprocessor protection system of contact network feeders.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Subepithelial Myofibroblasts Increases the TGF-β1 Activity That Regulates Fibrosis in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Li Chao , Grider John R , Murthy Karnam S , Bohl Jaime , Rivet Emily , Wieghard Nicole , Kuemmerle John F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an essential response of epithelial and immune cells to inflammation in Crohn’s disease. The presence and mechanisms that might regulate the ER stress response in subepithelial myofibroblasts (SEMFs) and its role in the development of fibrosis in patients with Crohn’s disease have not been examined.

Methods
Subepithelial myofibroblasts were isolated from the affected ileum and normal ileum of patients with each Montreal phenotype of Crohn’s disease and from normal ileum in non-Crohn’s subjects. Binding of GRP78 to latent TGF-β1 and its subcellular trafficking was examined using proximity ligation-hybridization assay (PLA). The effects of XBP1 and ATF6 on TGF-β1 expression were measured using DNA-ChIP and luciferase reporter assay. Endoplasmic reticulum stress components, TGF-β1, and collagen levels were analyzed in SEMF transfected with siRNA-mediated knockdown of DNMT1 and GRP78 or with DNMT1 inhibitor 5-Azacytidine or with overexpression of miR-199a-5p.

Results
In SEMF of strictured ileum from patients with B2 Crohn’s disease, expression of ER stress sensors increased significantly. Tunicamycin elicited time-dependent increase in GRP78 protein levels, direct interaction with latent TGF-β1, and activated TGF-β1 signaling. The TGFB1 DNA-binding activity of ATF-6α and XBP1 were significantly increased and elicited increased TGFB1 transcription in SEMF-isolated from affected ileum. The levels of ER stress components, TGF-β1, and collagen expression in SEMF were significantly decreased following knockdown of DNMT1 or GRP78 by 5-Azacytidine treatment or overexpression of miR-199a-5p.

Conclusions
Endoplasmic reticulum stress is present in SEMF of patients susceptible to fibrostenotic Crohn’s disease and can contribute to development of fibrosis. Targeting ER stress may represent a novel therapeutic target to prevent fibrosis in patients with fibrostenotic Crohn’s disease.
Design, operation and performance of the PAON4 prototype transit interferometer
Authors: Ansari R , Campagne J E , Charlet D , Moniez M , Pailler C , Perdereau O , Taurigna M , Martin J M , Rigaud F , Colom P , Abbon Ph , Magneville Ch , Pezzani J , Viou C , Torchinsky S A , Huang Q , Zhang J 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
PAON4 is an L-band (1250–1500 MHz) small interferometer operating in transit mode deployed at the Nançay observatory in France, designed as a prototype instrument for intensity mapping. It features four 5 m diameter dishes in a compact triangular configuration, with a total geometric collecting area of ${\sim} 75\, \mathrm{m^2}$, and is equipped with dual polarization receivers. A total of 36 visibilities are computed from the eight independent RF signals by the software correlator over the full 250 MHz RF band. The array operates in transit mode, with the dishes pointed toward a fixed declination, while the sky drifts across the instrument. Sky maps for each frequency channel are then reconstructed by combining the time-dependent visibilities from the different baselines observed at different declinations. This paper presents an overview of the PAON4 instrument design and goals, as a prototype for dish arrays to map the large-scale structure in radio, using intensity mapping of the atomic hydrogen 21 cm line. We operated PAON4 over several years and use data from observations at different periods to assess the array performance. We present a preliminary analysis of a large fraction of these data and discuss crucial issues for this type of instrument, such as the calibration strategy, instrument response stability and noise behaviour.
Magnetized filament models for diverging plasma lenses
Authors: Rogers Adam , Mohamed Abdul , Preston Bailey , Fiege Jason D , Er Xinzhong 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Spherical plasma lens models are known to suffer from a severe overpressure problem, with some observations requiring lenses with central pressures up to millions of times in excess of the ambient interstellar medium. There are two ways that lens models can solve the overpressure problem: a confinement mechanism exists to counter the internal pressure of the lens, or the lens has a unique geometry, such that the projected column-density appears large to an observer. This occurs with highly asymmetric models, such as edge-on sheets or filaments, with potentially low volume–density. In the first part of this work we investigate the ability of non-magnetized plasma filaments to mimic the magnification of sources seen behind spherical lenses and we extend a theorem from gravitational lens studies regarding this model degeneracy. We find that for plasma lenses, the theorem produces unphysical charge density distributions. In the second part of the work, we consider the plasma lens overpressure problem. Using magnetohydrodynamics, we develop a non self-gravitating model filament confined by a helical magnetic field. We use toy models in the force-free limit to illustrate novel lensing properties. Generally, magnetized filaments may act as lenses in any orientation with respect to the observer, with the most high-density events produced from filaments with axes near the line of sight. We focus on filaments that are perpendicular to the line of sight that show the toroidal magnetic field component may be observed via the lens rotation measure.
How surfaces shape the climate of habitable exoplanets
Authors: Madden Jack , Kaltenegger Lisa 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Large ground- and space-based telescopes will be able to observe Earth-like planets in the near future. We explore how different planetary surfaces can strongly influence the climate, atmospheric composition, and remotely detectable spectra of terrestrial rocky exoplanets in the habitable zone depending on the host star’s incident irradiation spectrum for a range of Sun-like host stars from F0V to K7V. We update a well-tested 1D climate-photochemistry model to explore the changes of a planetary environment for different surfaces for different host stars. Our results show that using a wavelength-dependent surface albedo is critical for modelling potentially habitable rocky exoplanets.
Consensus recommendations for a standardized brain tumor imaging protocol for clinical trials in brain metastases
Authors: Kaufmann Timothy J , Smits Marion , Boxerman Jerrold , Huang Raymond , Barboriak Daniel P , Weller Michael , Chung Caroline , Tsien Christina , Brown Paul D , Shankar Lalitha , Galanis Evanthia , Gerstner Elizabeth , van den Bent Martin J , Burns Terry C , Parney Ian F , Dunn Gavin , Brastianos Priscilla K , Lin Nancy U , Wen Patrick Y , Ellingson Benjamin M 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA recent meeting was held on March 22, 2019, among the FDA, clinical scientists, pharmaceutical and biotech companies, clinical trials cooperative groups, and patient advocacy groups to discuss challenges and potential solutions for increasing development of therapeutics for central nervous system metastases. A key issue identified at this meeting was the need for consistent tumor measurement for reliable tumor response assessment, including the first step of standardized image acquisition with an MRI protocol that could be implemented in multicenter studies aimed at testing new therapeutics. This document builds upon previous consensus recommendations for a standardized brain tumor imaging protocol (BTIP) in high-grade gliomas and defines a protocol for brain metastases (BTIP-BM) that addresses unique challenges associated with assessment of CNS metastases. The “minimum standard” recommended pulse sequences include: (i) parameter matched pre- and post-contrast inversion recovery (IR)–prepared, isotropic 3D T1-weighted gradient echo (IR-GRE); (ii) axial 2D T2-weighted turbo spin echo acquired after injection of gadolinium-based contrast agent and before post-contrast 3D T1-weighted images; (iii) axial 2D or 3D T2-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery; (iv) axial 2D, 3-directional diffusion-weighted images; and (v) post-contrast 2D T1-weighted spin echo images for increased lesion conspicuity. Recommended sequence parameters are provided for both 1.5T and 3T MR systems. An “ideal” protocol is also provided, which replaces IR-GRE with 3D TSE T1-weighted imaging pre- and post-gadolinium, and is best performed at 3T, for which dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion is included. Recommended perfusion parameters are given.
The Ethics of Workplace Health Promotion
Authors: Kuhn Eva , Müller Sebastian , Heidbrink Ludger , Buyx Alena 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCompanies increasingly offer their employees the opportunity to participate in voluntary Workplace Health Promotion programmes. Although such programmes have come into focus through national and regional regulation throughout much of the Western world, their ethical implications remain largely unexamined. This article maps the territory of the ethical issues that have arisen in relation to voluntary health promotion in the workplace against the background of asymmetric relationships between employers and employees. It addresses questions of autonomy and voluntariness, discrimination and distributive justice, as well as privacy and responsibility. Following this analysis, we highlight the inadequacy of currently established ethical frameworks to sufficiently cover all aspects of workplace health promotion. Thus, we recommend the consideration of principles from all such frameworks in combination, in a joint reflection of an Ethics of Workplace Health Promotion.
Audiovisual Enhancement of Speech Perception in Noise by School-Age Children Who Are Hard of Hearing
Authors: Lalonde Kaylah , McCreery Ryan W. 
Published: February 2020

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to examine age- and hearing-related differences in school-age children’s benefit from visual speech cues. The study addressed three questions: (1) Do age and hearing loss affect degree of audiovisual (AV) speech enhancement in school-age children? (2) Are there age- and hearing-related differences in the mechanisms underlying AV speech enhancement in school-age children? (3) What cognitive and linguistic variables predict individual differences in AV benefit among school-age children?

Design:
Forty-eight children between 6 and 13 years of age (19 with mild to severe sensorineural hearing loss; 29 with normal hearing) and 14 adults with normal hearing completed measures of auditory and AV syllable detection and/or sentence recognition in a two-talker masker type and a spectrally matched noise. Children also completed standardized behavioral measures of receptive vocabulary, visuospatial working memory, and executive attention. Mixed linear modeling was used to examine effects of modality, listener group, and masker on sentence recognition accuracy and syllable detection thresholds. Pearson correlations were used to examine the relationship between individual differences in children’s AV enhancement (AV−auditory-only) and age, vocabulary, working memory, executive attention, and degree of hearing loss.

Results:
Significant AV enhancement was observed across all tasks, masker types, and listener groups. AV enhancement of sentence recognition was similar across maskers, but children with normal hearing exhibited less AV enhancement of sentence recognition than adults with normal hearing and children with hearing loss. AV enhancement of syllable detection was greater in the two-talker masker than the noise masker, but did not vary significantly across listener groups. Degree of hearing loss positively correlated with individual differences in AV benefit on the sentence recognition task in noise, but not on the detection task. None of the cognitive and linguistic variables correlated with individual differences in AV enhancement of syllable detection or sentence recognition.

Conclusions:
Although AV benefit to syllable detection results from the use of visual speech to increase temporal expectancy, AV benefit to sentence recognition requires that an observer extracts phonetic information from the visual speech signal. The findings from this study suggest that all listener groups were equally good at using temporal cues in visual speech to detect auditory speech, but that adults with normal hearing and children with hearing loss were better than children with normal hearing at extracting phonetic information from the visual signal and/or using visual speech information to access phonetic/lexical representations in long-term memory. These results suggest that standard, auditory-only clinical speech recognition measures likely underestimate real-world speech recognition skills of children with mild to severe hearing loss.
Thrombocytopenia During Prostacyclin Analogue Therapies of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension—Possible Pathomechanisms and Implications
Authors: Grześk Grzegorz , Karasek Danuta , Kusiak Mateusz 
Published: February 2020

Abstract:
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a quite rare, but problematic disease in everyday cardiologists' practice. Prostanoids are the most important group of drugs used in this disease. One of the biggest problems encountered during treatment with analogs of prostacyclin is thrombocytopenia. Based on hematological guidelines we suggest common therapeutic schemes depending on the number of platelets or the severity of bleeding conducting the therapy.
Middle School Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Have a Greater Concussion History
Authors: Iverson Grant L. , Kelshaw Patricia M. , Cook Nathan E. , Caswell Shane V. 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
Examine lifetime history of concussions in middle school student athletes who have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Nine middle schools in Virginia, USA.

Participants:
A sample of 1037 middle school students (ages 11-14 years, M = 12.6, SD = 0.93; 45.8% girls) underwent baseline/preseason assessments during the 2017 to 2018 academic year and self-reported their health history, including whether or not they had been diagnosed with ADHD. Athletes were divided into 2 groups, those with ADHD (n = 71; 6.8%) and control subjects (n = 966).

Independent Variables:
Self-reported diagnosis of ADHD and self-identified sex.

Main Outcome Measures:
Self-reported concussion history.

Results:
In the total sample, boys were more likely to report a previous history of concussion than girls [χ2(1) = 10.81, P = 0.001; odds ratio (OR) = 1.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.30-2.85]. The rate of previous concussion in children with ADHD (23.9%) was twice the rate of previous concussion among children without ADHD (11.4%) [χ2(1) = 9.70, P = 0.002; OR = 2.45; 95% CI, 1.37-4.38]. Approximately 1 in 4 boys with ADHD (24.5%) and 1 in 5 girls with ADHD (22.2%) reported having sustained one or more previous concussions.

Conclusions:
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is associated with a greater prevalence of previous concussion in middle school children. Further research is needed to understand the risk of sustaining concussion for young athletes with ADHD, as well as short- and long-term outcomes of concussion among young athletes with ADHD.