bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PICALM mRNA Expression in the Blood of Patients with Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Depression
Authors: Kumon Hiroshi , Yoshino Yuta , Funahashi Yu , Mori Hiroaki , Ueno Mariko , Ozaki Yuki , Yamazaki Kiyohiro , Ochi Shinichiro , Mori Takaaki , Iga Jun-ichi , Nagai Masahiro , Nomoto Masahiro , Ueno Shu-ichi 
Published: December 2020

Background: Phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) is a validated genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is associated with other neurodegenerative diseases. However, PICALM expression in the blood of neurodegenerative diseases remains elusive. Objective: This study aimed to assess the usefulness of PICALM expression levels in the blood of patients with AD, Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and geriatric major depressive disorder (MDD) as a diagnostic biomarker. Methods: In total, 45, 20, 21, and 19 patients with AD, PD, DLB, and geriatric MDD, respectively, and 54 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in the study. Expression data from Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE97760), (GSE133347) and (GSE98793), (GSE48350), and (GSE144459) were used to validate the ability of biomarkers in the blood of patients with AD, PD, geriatric MDD, and a postmortem human AD brain and animal model of AD (3xTg-AD mouse), respectively. Results: PICALM mRNA expression in human blood was significantly increased in patients with AD compared with that in HCs. PICALM mRNA expression and age were negatively correlated only in patients with AD. PICALM mRNA expression in human blood was significantly lower in patients with PD than in HCs. No changes in PICALM mRNA expression were found in patients with DLB and geriatric MDD. Conclusion: PICALM mRNA expression in blood was higher in patients with AD, but lower in patients with PD, which suggests that PICALM mRNA expression in human blood may be a useful biomarker for differentiating neurodegenerative diseases and geriatric MDD.
Altered Neuroanatomical Asymmetries of Subcortical Structures in Subjective Cognitive Decline, Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Fu Zhenrong , Zhao Mingyan , Wang Xuetong , He Yirong , Tian Yuan , Yang Yujing , Han Ying , Li Shuyu 
Published: December 2020

Background: Individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), defined by self-reported memory complaints but normal performance in objective neuropsychological tests, may be at higher risk of worsening or more frequent memory loss until conversion to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or related dementia. Asymmetry in two hemispheres is a cardinal character of human brain’s structure and function, and altered brain asymmetry has also been connected with AD. Objective: This study aimed to determine whether the asymmetry of subcortical structures in individuals with SCD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and AD patients are altered compared with normal controls (NC). Methods: We investigated neuroanatomical alterations in 35 SCD, 43 aMCI, and 41 AD subjects compared with 42 NC, focusing on asymmetrical changes in subcortical structures based on structural magnetic resonance images (sMRI). General linear model was conducted to test group differences, and partial correlation was used to model the interaction between asymmetry measurements and cognitive tests. Results: Individuals with SCD (lateral ventricle and cerebellum-WM), aMCI patients (lateral ventricle, pallidum, hippocampus, amygdala, accumbens, and ventral DC), and AD patients (lateral-ventricle, cerebellum-cortical pallidum, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, accumbens, and ventral DC) exhibited significant altered neuroanatomical asymmetries of volume, surface area, and shape compared with NC. Significant associations between shape asymmetry and neuropsychological examinations were found in the hippocampus and accumbens. Conclusion: Altered neuroanatomical asymmetries of subcortical structures were significantly detected in SCD individuals and aMCI patients as well AD patients, and these specific asymmetry alterations are potential to be used as neuroimaging markers and for monitoring disease progression.
Brain Transcriptome Analysis of a Protein-Truncating Mutation in Sortilin-Related Receptor 1 Associated With Early-Onset Familial Alzheimer’s Disease Indicates Early Effects on Mitochondrial and Ribosome Function
Authors: Barthelson Karissa , Pederson Stephen Martin , Newman Morgan , Lardelli Michael 
Published: December 2020

Background: The early cellular stresses leading to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remain poorly understood because we cannot access living, asymptomatic human AD brains for detailed molecular analyses. Sortilin-related receptor 1 ( SORL1) encodes a multi-domain receptor protein genetically associated with both rare, early-onset familial AD (EOfAD) and common, sporadic, late-onset AD (LOAD). SORL1 protein has been shown to act in the trafficking of the amyloid β A4 precursor protein (AβPP) that is proteolysed to form one of the pathological hallmarks of AD, amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. However, other functions of SORL1 in AD are less well understood. Objective: To investigate the effects of heterozygosity for an EOfAD-like mutation in SORL1 on the brain transcriptome of young-adult mutation carriers using zebrafish as a model organism. Methods: We performed targeted mutagenesis to generate an EOfAD-like mutation in the zebrafish orthologue of SORL1 and performed RNA-sequencing on mRNA isolated from the young adult brains of siblings in a family of fish either wild type (non-mutant) or heterozygous for the EOfAD-like mutation. Results: We identified subtle differences in gene expression indicating changes in mitochondrial and ribosomal function in the mutant fish. These changes appear to be independent of changes in mitochondrial content or the expression of AβPP-related proteins in zebrafish. Conclusion: These findings provided evidence supporting that EOfAD mutations in SORL1 affect mitochondrial and ribosomal function and provide the basis for future investigation elucidating the nature of these effects.
An omnidirectional WPT platform for distributed fully implanted neural recording systems
Authors: Cheng Yuhua , Liu Chunwu , Wang Minghao , Wang Gaofeng , Ghovanloo Maysam , Li Wenjun 
Published: December 2020

Recent progress on human brain science requires developing advanced neural recording system to capture the activity of large neural populations accurately, across a large area of the brain, and over extended periods. Recently proposed distributed neural recording systems with numerous implanted devices require reliably energizing them wirelessly. Random distribution of these mm-sized implants and brain motion place them at different positions and orientations with respect to the power transmitter. Therefore, traditional wireless power transfer techniques fall short of reaching sufficient power for all implants simultaneously, rendering some implants nonfunctional. In this paper, a three-layer power transmitting array with three-phase coil excitation current is introduced, which is capable of producing omnidirectional and homogeneous magnetic field across the volume where the Rx coils are located. The individual coil dimensions in the array is optimized to improve the worst-case scenario in terms of homogeneity, which is further verified by the measurements using a scaled-up prototype system. The measurement results show that the minimum received voltages is improved from 0.34 V for 10-mm side-length hexagonal transmitting coil array to 0.83 V for the optimal case, i.e., 35 mm side-length hexagonal transmitting coil array.
Cocoa improves age-associated health and extends lifespan in C. elegans
Authors: Munasinghe Mihiri , Almotayri Abdullah , Thomas Jency , Heydarian Deniz , Weerasinghe Maneka , Jois Markandeya 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Cocoa, one of the richest dietary sources of polyphenols has been studied for its health promoting effects, but how long-term consumption of cocoa affects age-associated health and lifespan is not well defined. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of long-term cocoa consumption on age-associated health and lifespan in C. elegans METHODS: The standard E. coli OP50 diet of wild type C. elegans was supplemented with cocoa powder starting from L1 stage until they die. Body length and area were measured as indicators of worm nutrition. Age associated health was determined at different stages of life as day 4, day 8 and day 12 using worm locomotion, thermotolerance, cognition and mitochondrial function. In addition, lifespan was evaluated. RESULTS: Cocoa improved age-associated decline in neuromuscular function. Both mean and median lifespan were extended by cocoa supplementation. However, maximum lifespan was not affected. Cocoa showed beneficial effects on thermotolerance at all ages (more prominent effects at young (day 4) and middle (day 8) age). Further, consumption of cocoa improved age-related learning deficits, short-term memory loss and mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term cocoa consumption seemed to improve age-associated health and extends lifespan in C. elegans
Handedness switching as a presenting sign for pediatric low-grade gliomas: An insight into brain plasticity from a short case series
Authors: Ghazwani Yahya , Patay Zoltan , Sadighi Zsila S. , Sparrow Jessica , Upadhyaya Santhosh , Boop Frederick , Gajjar Amar , Qaddoumi Ibrahim 
Published: December 2020

PURPOSE: To describe clinical data, rehabilitation services, and outcomes of children with handedness switching as their presenting symptom before low-grade glioma (LGG) diagnosis. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed for five patients (four female and four white) with LGG and confirmed handedness switching before LGG diagnosis. RESULTS: All children were less than 8 years at diagnosis, and two patients were less than 3 years. All children were initially right-handed and experienced loss of motor function, ranging from weakness to paresis, in their dominant hand. The median time from switching handedness to diagnosis was 1 month (range: 0.75–60 months). Rehabilitation was offered for three patients, and motor function deficits in the initial dominant hand were resolved in two of the total cohort. At long-term follow-up, hand dominance returned to the initial hand in three patients. CONCLUSIONS: Handedness switching should be acknowledged as a potential sign of LGG in children, and early long-term rehabilitation services should be offered for these children.
Z-score neurofeedback, heart rate variability biofeedback, and brain coaching for older adults with memory concerns
Authors: Meeuwsen Kyle D. , Groeneveld Kayleah M. , Walker Linda A. , Mennenga Anna M. , Tittle Rachel K. , White Elyse K. 
Published: December 2020

Background: The three-month, multi-domain Memory Boot Camp program incorporates z-score neurofeedback (NFB), heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback, and one-on-one coaching to teach memory skills and encourage behavior change in diet, sleep, physical fitness, and stress reduction. Objective: This prospective trial evaluates the Memory Boot Camp program for adults ages 55 to 85 with symptoms of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and subjective memory complaints. Methods: Participants were evaluated via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), NeuroTrax Global Cognitive Score, measures of anxiety, depression, sleep, quality of life, quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG), and HRV parameters at four timepoints: baseline, pre-program, post-program, and follow-up. The trial included a three-month waiting period between baseline and pre-program, such that each participant acted as their own control, and follow-up took place six months after completion of the program. Results: Participants’ MoCA scores and self-reported measures of anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and quality of life improved after treatment, and these changes were maintained at follow-up. Physiological changes in HRV parameters after treatment were not significant, however, breathing rate and QEEG parameters were improved at post-program and maintained at follow-up. Finally, participants’ improvement in MoCA score over the treatment period was correlated with their improvement in two brain oscillation parameters targeted by the z-score NFB protocol: relative power of delta and relative power of theta. Conclusions: Trial results suggest that the Memory Boot Camp program is a promising treatment strategy for older adults with symptoms of MCI and subjective memory complaints.
Objective assessments of human motor ability of the upper limb: A systematic review
Authors: Duque Edwin , Trefftz Helmuth , Srivastava Sakti 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Most of the patients who survive stroke, spinal cord or others nervous system injuries, must face different challenges for a complete recovery of physical functional impairment. An accurate and recurrent assessment of the patient rehabilitation progress is very important. So far, wearable sensors (e.g. accelerometers, gyroscopes) and depth cameras have been used in medical rehabilitation for the automation of traditional motor assessments. Combined with machine learning techniques, these sensors are leading to novel metric systems for upper limb mobility assessment. OBJECTIVE: Review current research for objective and quantitative assessments of the upper limb movement, analyzing sensors used, health issues examined, and data processes applied such as: selected features, feature engineering approach, learning models and data processing techniques. METHOD: A systematic review conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. EBSCOHOST discovery service was queried for relevant articles published from January 2014 to December 2018 with English language and scholarly peer reviewed journals limits. RESULTS: Of the 568 articles identified, 75 were assessed for eligibility and 43 were finally included and weighed for an in-depth analysis according to their ponderation. The reviewed studies show a wide use of sensors to capture raw data for subsequent motion analysis. CONCLUSION: As the volume of the data captured via these sensors increase, it makes sense to extract useful information about them such as prediction of performance scores, detection of movement impairments and measured progression of recovery.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS AFTER INDIVIDUAL ONCOLOGICAL AND MODULAR ONCOLOGICAL ENDOPROSTHETICS OF THE KNEE JOINT WITH TUMOR LESIONS
Authors: Бур’янов Олександр , Біштаві Обада Муххамад , Проценко Володимир 
Published: December 2020

The article contains analysis of complications after individual oncological knee joint endoprosthesis replacement in cases of tumor lesions. Complications were observed in 45 ,8% of cases after knee joint endoprosthesis replacement operations with tumor lesions. The main complications that were observed included infectious ones: 18,1%, aseptic instability of the endoprosthesis stem: 16,7%, bone fracture at the site of endoprosthesis stem implantation: 6,9%, destruction of the endoprosthesis structure: 4,2%. The factors that led to complications, as well as methods of their elimination are given. Dialysis and a long course of antibiotic therapy or the installation of a metal-cement spacer device followed by repeated endoprosthesis replacement is advised in case of an infectious complication. Repeated joint endoprosthesis replacement with replacement of only one (loose) component of the endoprosthesis, using a long intramedullary stem or replacement of the total endoprosthesis is advised in case of aseptic instability of the endoprosthesis stem. Metallic osteosynthesis of the periprosthetic bone fracture is performed using bone plates and cable grip in cases of bone fracture at the site of endoprosthesis stem implantation. Repeated joint endoprosthesis replacement is effected with replacement of the entire endoprosthesis structure in case of destruction of the endoprosthesis structure.
GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Authors: Hassan Khaled 
Published: December 2020

It remains a challenge to diagnose and treat gastro-esophageal reflux (GER) and GER disease (GERD) in infants and children. Together with Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Database, the published guidelines and position papers were reviewed and summarized in order to suggest a realistic GER and GERD strategy and management for healthcare providers and to standardize and enhance the quality of care for infants and children. Two algorithms were developed for this purpose, 1 for infants <12 months of age and the other for older children. None of the signs and symptoms of GER and GERD are unique and there is no screening test or tool for a gold standard. As a first-line approach, nutritional management is recommended in babies, while for early management, a clinical trial with antacid medication is recommended in children. The aim of the realistic recommendations of this review is to optimize GER management in infants and older children and to minimize the number of investigations and the improper use of medication.
Keywords: Gastro-esophageal reflux, Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Esophagitis, Endoscopy, Impedance, Proton pump inhibitors, pH.
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE IN PREECLAMPSIA
Authors: Amrita Kumari , Asha Verma , Monika Bajiya , Anil Gurjar , Poonam Muhal 
Published: December 2020

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a complex multisystem condition. It affects 3-5% of all prenancies.It is defined as new onset hypertension after twenty weeks of pregnancy plus involvement of at least one organ system-renal, hepatic, neurological, hematological, pulmonary or cardiac system or as utero-placental dysfunction
Methods: This was a hospital based comparative analytical cross sectional study carried out over 2 years period from may 2019 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SMS Medical College and attached hospitals, Jaipur.
Results: The mean age of cases (27.36 ± 3.66 years) was higher than the controls (23.43 ± 3.23 years). There was not much difference in the distribution of subjects according to residence. In the study group 26 (57.78%) women belonged to urban areas and 19 (42.22%) belonged to rural areas whereas in the control group, 26 (62.22%) women belonged to rural areas and 17 (37.78%) belonged to urban areas. There were more primigravida in pre eclamptic group compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Identification of risk factor in the antenatal period helps in early detection of women who are at high risk of developing pre-eclampsia in order to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.
Keywords: Preclampsia, Age, Gravida
Algorithmic Support of Adaptive Automatic Control Systems with Data Compression
Authors: Alekseev V. V. , Antonyuk E. M. , Varshavskiy I. E. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The exponential growth of measurement information caused by ongoing complication of technical and production facilities necessitates the development of improved or brand new information and measurement systems, including those performing adaptive automatic control functions. Automatic criteria-based selection and reduction of measurement information continuously supplied by multi-parameter sources characterizing the objects under study require algorithms ensuring reconfiguration of automatic control systems during operation. In comparison with automatic control systems based on time-division channelling, the considered adaptive systems provide timely information on the pre-emergency and emergency operation of a facility.Aim. To develop an algorithmic support for adaptive automatic control systems using asynchronous-cyclic and parallel-sequential operating algorithms, as well as to compare the proposed algorithms in terms of their, control reliability, compression ratio, operation speed and the error associated with multi-channelling.Materials and methods. The algorithms proposed for supporting the operation of adaptive systems were developed on the basis of queuing theory and simulation modelling using the MatLab/Simulink programming languages, C++.Results. The developed algorithmic support for automatic control systems based on asynchronous-cyclic analysis of deviations allows the amount of redundant information to be reduced by more than 4 times and the operation speed to be increased by 1.5 times. The developed algorithmic support for automatic control systems based on parallel-sequential analysis of deviations allows the error associated with multi-channelling to be reduced by 1.4 times, thereby bringing the control reliability of such systems closer to that of continuous-control systems. An analysis of the graphs of the error associated with multi-channelling showed that the automatic control systems based on parallel-sequential operational algorithms are invariant to the law of distribution of input quantities, compared to the systems based on asynchronous-cyclic operational algorithms.Conclusions. The proposed algorithmic support can significantly decrease the redundancy of information and improve the metrological characteristics of automatic control systems. The use of the developed algorithms in automatic control systems based on time-division channelling render their control reliability comparable with that of continuous-control systems.
Cytoglobin expression in rat kidney during exposure to systemic chronic hypoxia
Authors: Daruningrum Ika Superti , Prijanti Ani Retno , Mudjihartini Ninik , Sadikin Mohamad , Jusman Sri Widia A 
Published: December 2020

Background: The kidneys in physiological conditions are always in a state of relative hypoxia. Cytoglobin (Cygb) is the newest globin protein found of the globin family. One of the functions of Cygb is in oxygen supply. Cygb expression is found to increase in hypoxic conditions, which are thought to be an adaptation response to hypoxia.
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the expression of Cygb in rat kidneys which were exposed to chronic systemic hypoxia.
Methods: Twenty five male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 150-200 g were used in this experiment. Rats were divided into 5 groups: The control group was exposed to normoxia; the hypoxia groups (10% oxygen / 90% nitrogen) for 1 day; 3 days; 7 days and 14 days. After treatment, rats were sacrificed and their kidneys were taken. Cygb mRNA expression was measured by qRT-PCR, while Cygb protein expression was measured by the ELISA method.
Results: The expressions of Cygb mRNA and protein were found to be highest on day 3 of hypoxia and was correlated very strongly and significantly (r2 = 0.96; p <0.05).
Conclusion: The highest expression of Cygb on day 3 of chronic systemic hypoxia exposure is suggested as an attempt to restore oxygen supply to the kidneys.