bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repenser la réduction des méfaits à l’ère du numérique pour les jeunes consommateurs
Authors: Guichard Anne , St-Jacques Marianne , Lefrançois Catherine , Gagnon Marie-Pierre , Roy Élise 
Published: June 2020

Introduction : La démultiplication des substances psychoactives, la transformation des pratiques de consommation, l’inadéquation des services pour les jeunes et le virage technologique pris par les consommateurs, tant pour acheter que s’informer sur les substances, incitent à repenser l’intervention en réduction des méfaits.Objectifs : L’étude vise à explorer l’intérêt et la faisabilité d’utiliser les technologies de l’information et des communications (TIC) pour prévenir des consommations plus intensives et réduire les dommages chez les jeunes adultes consommateurs en situation de grande vulnérabilité sociale.Méthodes : Elle utilise une approche de recherche communautaire basée sur des groupes de discussion menés auprès de jeunes consommateurs de 18 à 29 ans et d’intervenants oeuvrant auprès des jeunes en difficultés dans la région de Québec.Résultats : Les TIC constituent un outil privilégié d’approvisionnement et d’échange d’informations sur les substances parmi les jeunes. Elles s’insèrent dans un contexte de lacunes dans les ressources existantes. En réponse, les participants suggèrent le développement d’une plateforme interactive spécialisée et actualisée d’échange d’informations sur les substances en circulation et la façon de gérer leurs consommations et les situations d’urgence. Pour les intervenants, les TIC sont peu exploitées pour des échanges en lien avec les substances illicites et jugées délicates à manipuler sur ces questions sensibles. Elles sont néanmoins perçues comme pouvant pallier un déficit de connaissances et de compétences pour aborder ces sujets complexes avec les jeunes. Des enjeux émergents liés aux inégalités d’accès au numérique, de littératie avec les TIC, éthiques et juridiques.Conclusion : Les TIC sont bien implantées dans le travail des intervenants et la vie des jeunes consommateurs. Elles sont des outils complémentaires, probablement incontournables à l’ère du numérique et de la complexification des marchés et des modes de consommation.
Histoire postglaciaire de la végétation de la forêt boréale du Québec et du Labrador
Authors: Richard Pierre J. H. , Fréchette Bianca , Grondin Pierre , Lavoie Martin 
Published: June 2020

L’histoire postglaciaire des domaines bioclimatiques actuels des pessières et des sapinières du Québec boréal et du sud du Labrador (Canada) fut reconstituée à partir de 61 diagrammes polliniques de sédiments lacustres. L’ époque, la géographie de la déglaciation et le climat associé ont déterminé la présence ou non d’une végétation initiale de toundra selon les endroits. La migration des arbres et le développement ultérieur du couvert forestier se firent surtout en fonction des conditions climatiques changeantes et de l’incidence inégale des incendies naturels au fil du temps. L’afforestation fut très diversifiée, comportant de nombreux paysages végétaux sans analogue moderne. Leur durée fut variable, avec des cas extrêmes de coincement ou d’effusion temporelle ou spatiale de certaines espèces. Des forêts semblables aux couverts modernes se sont établies progressivement. Avec l’amélioration climatique, la progression a culminé entre 8 000 et 4 000 ans avant nos jours par l’abondance accrue d’essences relativement thermophiles. Une régression de la végétation liée à une détérioration climatique s’ensuivit, ce qui mena aux domaines bioclimatiques actuels.
Services and Interventions for People who are Homeless with Companion Animals (Pets)
Authors: McCosker Laura , Downes Martin J. , Maujean Annick , Hill Natalie 
Published: June 2020

Background
Many people who are homeless own a companion animal (a ‘pet’). Pet ownership has positive impacts on health and wellbeing. However, for people who are homeless, pet ownership also creates multiple challenges and may be a barrier to exiting homelessness. This systematic review will identify the types, and outcomes, of services and interventions to support people who are homeless with pets.
Methods
This review will be conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches will be undertaken on five databases. Combinations of search terms and subject headings or index terms will be used. Citation chaining and citation tracking will also be undertaken.
Literature will be screened for relevance in a two-step process. Each study will be quality assessed using an evidence-based tool relevant to its methods. Relevant data will be extracted and synthesised using a meta-analytic, or narrative, approach.
Discussion
This review will address an identified gap in the knowledge about the types, and outcomes, of services/interventions for people who are homeless with pets. The results may increase recognition about the importance of protecting and promoting the relationship between people who are homeless and their pets, and inform future work.
Maternal high-fat diet regulates glucose metabolism and pancreatic β cell phenotype in mouse offspring at weaning
Authors: Zheng Jia , Zhang Ling , Wang Ziwei , Zhang Junqing 
Published: June 2020

Background
Maternal malnutrition is a critical factor in determining the risk of obesity and glucose intolerance in offspring. However, little is known about the effects of a maternal high-fat diet (HFD) on the β cell phenotype in offspring, which is a major factor in glucose homeostasis, especially during the early life of offspring.

Methods
Dams were randomly fed a HFD (60% kcal from fat) or a chow diet before pregnancy and during gestation and lactation. Glucose metabolism and the β cell phenotype were assessed in male offspring at weaning.

Results
Dams fed a HFD showed impaired glucose tolerance. A HFD predisposed the offspring to increased impairment of metabolic health, including obesity, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, compared with offspring from chow diet-fed dams. Furthermore, increased islet sizes and islet densities were observed in male offspring from HFD-fed dams at weaning. There were increases in the insulin-positive area, β cell mass and β cell proliferation in male offspring from HFD-fed dams at weaning age. Next, we further determined whether a maternal HFD could affect β cell apoptosis in mouse offspring and found that there was no significant change in β cell apoptosis between the HFD and control groups.

Conclusion
Our study is novel in showing that a maternal HFD predisposes offspring to impaired glucose metabolism and has a profound effect on β cell mass and proliferation in offspring mice, which is observed in mice as early as at weaning age. However, further study to clarify the underlying mechanisms is warranted.
Elastic Biomaterial Scaffold with Spatially Varying Adhesive Design
Authors: Bannerman A. Dawn , Davenport Huyer Locke , Montgomery Miles , Zhao Nicholas , Velikonja Claire , Bender Timothy P. , Radisic Milica 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn order to secure biomaterials to tissue surfaces, sutures or glues are commonly used. Of interest is the development of a biomaterial patch for applications in tissue engineering and regeneration that incorporates an adhesive component to simplify patch application and ensure sufficient adhesion. A separate region dedicated to fulfilling the specific requirements of an application such as mechanical support or tissue delivery is also desirable. Here, the design and fabrication of a unique patch are presented with distinct regions for adhesion and function, resulting in a biomaterial patch resembling the Band‐Aid. The adhesive region contains a novel polymer, synthesized to incorporate a molecule capable of adhesion to tissue, dopamine. The desired polymer composition for patch development is selected based on chemical assessment and evaluation of key physical properties such as swelling and elastic modulus, which are tailored for use in soft tissue applications. The selected polymer formulation, referred to as the adhesive patch (AP) polymer, demonstrates negligible cytotoxicity and improves adhesive capability to rat cardiac tissue compared to currently used patch materials. Finally, the AP polymer is used in the patch, designed to possess distinct adhesive and nonadhesive domains, presenting a novel design for the next generation of biomaterials.
Direct Growth of Vertically Orientated Nanocavity Arrays for Plasmonic Color Generation
Authors: Hu Haibo , Gao Wenjie , Zang Rui , Gao Junhua , Tang Shiwei , Li Xiaoyun , Liang Lingyan , Zhang Hongliang , Cao Hongtao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPlasmonic structural colors, arising from resonance interactions between photons and metallic nanostructures, have been developed rapidly for high‐end applications. However, common structural color materials and fabrication methods usually have open plasmonic nanostructures and limited scalability, respectively. Here, a new scheme based on Ag nanowire arrays/SiO2 composite metamaterial films with subwavelength enclosed nanostructures involved that combine a dielectric gap layer and a metal mirror is presented. The whole stacked structure can be simply prepared only via magnetron sputtering without any other procedures. Specifically, by changing deposition parameters, the geometry size and sub‐10 nm periodic parameters of the structure unit cell array can be finely tuned in a controllable and reproducible way. By experiments and simulations, it is demonstrated how interwire coupled plasmonic transverse modes in vertically orientated nanocavity arrays control multiple nanocavity standing‐wave resonances at visible wavelengths, generating three primary colors‐included bright and saturated colors across a wide gamut. Large‐area and uniform structural colors, whether on rigid or flexible substrates, show angle‐insensitive and air‐stable features. In a wider perspective, this work suggests that the material scheme and fabrication advances represent a robust platform for plasmonic color designing, theory exploring, and large‐scale manufacturing.
Reliable Patterning, Transfer Printing and Post‐Assembly of Multiscale Adhesion‐Free Metallic Structures for Nanogap Device Applications
Authors: Chen Yiqin , Shu Zhiwen , Feng Zhanyong , Kong Ling’an , Liu Yuan , Duan Huigao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPatterning of metallic nanogaps with ultrasmall gap size on arbitrary substrates is of great importance for various applications in nanoelectronics, nanoplasmonics, and flexible optoelectronics. Common lithographic approaches suffer from limited resolution in defining ultrasmall nanogaps and restrictive available substrates for flexible and stretchable devices. In this work, a process portfolio to overcome the above limitations is proposed, enabling the fabrication of multiscale metallic nanogaps with reduced gap size on specific substrates for functional devices. The portfolio combines the recently developed sketch and peel lithography strategy, nanotransfer printing, and post‐mechanical assembly. Among the portfolio, the sketch and peel lithography strategy provides the unique capability to rapidly and reliably define multiscale adhesion‐free metallic nanostructures and nanogaps, which significantly facilitates the subsequent transfer printing process. Nanoplasmonic and nanoelectronic devices with ultrasmall nanogaps that are inaccessible with existing patterning approaches are fabricated to demonstrate the applicability of this fabrication strategy. The portfolio could also have potential for a variety of other applications in flexible and stretchable optics, electronics, and optoelectronics.
High‐Performance Metal‐Free Nanosheets Array Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acid
Authors: Lei Chaojun , Zheng Qiang , Cheng Fanpeng , Hou Yang , Yang Bin , Li Zhongjian , Wen Zhenhai , Lei Lecheng , Chai Guoliang , Feng Xinliang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDevelopment of low cost electrocatalysts with outstanding catalytic activity and stability for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid is a major challenge to produce hydrogen energy from water splitting. Herein, a novel metal‐free electrocatalyst consisting of a oxygen‐functionalized electrochemically exfoliated graphene (OEEG) nanosheets array is reported. Benefitting from a vertically aligned arrays structure and introducing oxygen functional groups, the metal‐free OEEG nanosheets array exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity and stability toward OER with a low overpotential of 334 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in acidic electrolyte. Such a high OER performance is thus far the best among all previously reported metal‐free carbon‐based materials, and even superior to commercial Ir/C catalysts (420 mV at 10 mA cm−2) in acid. Characterization results and electrochemical measurements identify the COOH species in the OEEG acting as active sites for acidic OER, which is further supported by atomic‐scale scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging and electron energy‐loss spectroscopy. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the reaction pathway of dual sites that is mixed by zigzag and armchair edges (COOH‐zig‐corner) is better than the pathway of single site.
Constructing an Adaptive Heterojunction as a Highly Active Catalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ren Xiao , Wei Chao , Sun Yuanmiao , Liu Xiaozhi , Meng Fanqi , Meng Xiaoxia , Sun Shengnan , Xi Shibo , Du Yonghua , Bi Zhuanfang , Shang Guangyi , Fisher Adrian C. , Gu Lin , Xu Zhichuan J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting is of prime importance to green energy technology. Particularly, the reaction at the anode side, namely the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), requires a high overpotential associated with OO bond formation, which dominates the energy‐efficiency of the whole process. Activating the anionic redox chemistry of oxygen in metal oxides, which involves the formation of superoxo/peroxo‐like (O2)n−, commonly occurs in most highly active catalysts during the OER process. In this study, a highly active catalyst is designed: electrochemically delithiated LiNiO2, which facilitates the formation of superoxo/peroxo‐like (O2)n− species, i.e., NiOO*, for enhancing OER activity. The OER‐induced surface reconstruction builds an adaptive heterojunction, where NiOOH grows on delithiated LiNiO2 (delithiated‐LiNiO2/NiOOH). At this junction, the lithium vacancies within the delithiated LiNiO2 optimize the electronic structure of the surface NiOOH to form stable NiOO* species, which enables better OER activity. This finding provides new insight for designing highly active catalysts with stable superoxo‐like/peroxo‐like (O2)n− for water oxidation.
Designing a Transparent CdIn2S4/In2S3 Bulk‐Heterojunction Photoanode Integrated with a Perovskite Solar Cell for Unbiased Water Splitting
Authors: Meng Linxing , Wang Min , Sun Haoxuan , Tian Wei , Xiao Chenhong , Wu Shaolong , Cao Fengren , Li Liang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe integration of photoelectrochemical photoanodes and solar cells to build an unbiased solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH) conversion system provides a promising way to solve the energy crisis. The key point is to develop highly transparent photoanodes, while its bulk separation efficiency (ηsep.) and surface injection efficiency are as high as possible. To resolve this contradiction, first a novel CdIn2S4/In2S3 bulk heterojunctions in the interior of nanosheets is designed as a photoanode with high transparency and an ultrahigh ηsep. up to 90%. Furthermore, decorating the ultrathin amorphous SnO2 layer by atomic layer deposition, the surface oxygen‐evolution kinetics of the photoanode are increased significantly. As a result, the onset potential of the photoanode shifts negatively to 0.02 V vs RHE, and the photocurrent density boosts to 2.98 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs RHE, which is ten times higher than that of pristine CdIn2S4. Such a high‐performance photoanode enables the integrated metal sulfide photoanode–perovskite solar cell system to deliver a STH conversion efficiency of 3.3%.
Spontaneous Alignment of Self‐Assembled Cationic and Amphiphilic β‐Sheet Peptides
Authors: Yosefi Gal , Cohen‐Erez Ifat , Nativ‐Roth Einat , Rapaport Hanna , Bitton Ronit 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAligned peptide assemblies are of interest for both fundamental understanding of biological systems as well as development of novel biomaterials. Herein, Pro‐Lys‐(Phe‐Lys)5‐Pro (PFK), a cationic and amphiphilic β‐sheet synthetic peptide that self‐assembles into fibrils, capable of undergoing spontaneous isotropic to nematic phase transition, that intrinsically aligns in solution, is presented. Upon dissolution PFK forms isotropically dispersed fibrils due to delicate balance between attractive H bonds and hydrophobic interactions to electrostatic repulsive forces. The transition from isotropic to nematic phase alignment occurring over a period of several days is monitored in situ by both small‐angle X‐ray scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The degree of alignment and the time required to achieve a complete isotropic–nematic phase transition of PFK fibrils in aqueous solution is found to be concentration dependent as predicted by Onsager's excluded volume theory. Remarkably, PFK nematic phases remain aligned over the course of several months without the application of any external stimuli. Aligned PFK gels can be formed by mild shearing through a salty medium. This system provides a novel route for producing nanoscale aligned materials for potential biomedical applications.
Influence of PEDOT:PSS Coating Thickness on the Performance of Stimulation Electrodes
Authors: Dijk Gerwin , Ruigrok Hermanus J. , O'Connor Rodney P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPoly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is a conducting polymer commonly used to coat the electrodes of biomedical devices to reduce impedance and improve charge injection. The stimulation performance of such electrodes depends on coating thickness due to the volumetric properties of the conducting polymer. Here, the influence of PEDOT:PSS coating thickness on impedance, charge injection, and electrode stability is examined. The results show that stacking spin‐coated layers is a reliable method to control coating thickness without introducing electronic or ionic blocking elements in between layers. Besides improving the polymer‐electrolyte interaction due to a higher capacitance, thicker coatings can endure more stimulation pulses and withstand higher voltages without loss of performance, thus enhancing the lifetime of the electrode. This work presents fundamental insights into the coupling of PEDOT:PSS coated electrodes with electrolytes and provides guidance in the development of organic bioelectronic stimulation devices for optimum performance and longevity.
Macroscopic Orientational Gold Nanorods Monolayer Film with Excellent Photothermal Anticounterfeiting Performance
Authors: Song Liping , Qiu Nianxiang , Huang Youju , Cheng Qian , Yang Yanping , Lin Han , Su Fengmei , Chen Tao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConstructing 2D gold nanorods monolayer films with precise particle assembly is of great importance to fundamental and real applications. However, it is usually difficult to achieve macroscopic size, freestanding feature, high density of particle packing, and precisely controllable particle orientation in monolayer films. In this work, a macroscopic, uniform, freestanding orientational monolayer film is facilely and controllably prepared through precise assembly of asymmetrically modified gold nanorods at water–oil interface. The assembling morphologies can be controlled through regulating the interaction between gold nanorods by varying the amounts and sites of modified molecules. The intriguing tunable assemblies exhibit not only adjustable absorption spectrum in a wide range attributed to different particle coupling, but also optimized photothermal conversion capability under low energy density (0.08 W cm‐2). Together with a commercial thermochromic dye, the patterned assemblies show excellent photothermal anti‐counterfeiting performance by reproducing accurate full images in 20 s that are invisible after laser off in 10 min. The excellent laser writing performance is also demonstrated by writing any information on thermochromic dye‐coated assemblies. With the advantages of being macroscopic, equipment‐free, transferable, scalable and with high photothermal conversion capability, the orientational monolayer films pave the way for on‐demand design of sensing and device applications.
Vacuum‐Processed Small Molecule Organic Photodetectors with Low Dark Current Density and Strong Response to Near‐Infrared Wavelength
Authors: Lee Chih‐Chien , Estrada Richie , Li Ya‐Ze , Biring Sajal , Amin Nurul Ridho Al , Li Meng‐Zhen , Liu Shun‐Wei , Wong Ken‐Tsung 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA near‐infrared photodetector with optimized performance is reported using varied thickness (20, 40, 60, and 80 nm) of the active layer comprising chloroaluminium phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) and fullerene (C70) at the ratio of 1:3, and TAPC:10% MoO3 and BPhen as electron and hole blocking layers, respectively. The experimental results reveal that the photodetector with 80 nm thick active layer provides the best performance at the wavelength of 730 nm achieving a very low dark current density of 1.15 × 10−9 A cm−2 and an external quantum efficiency of 74.6% with a responsivity of 0.439 A W−1 at −2 V bias. Additionally, the device exhibits a dramatic high detectivity of 4.14 × 1013 cm Hz1/2 W−1 at 0 V bias. The device exhibits not only a large linear response over a wide optical power range (LDR of 173.0 dB), but also a broad frequency response (778.7 kHz) and rise/fall time of 2.13/0.77 µs (based on trigger pulses at a frequency of 10 kHz) at the applied bias of −2 V. Based on the impedance spectroscopic study and the conventional characterization of electro‐optical properties, the results demonstrate the superiority of this device over other small molecule‐based near‐infrared photodetectors.
Modularly Engineered Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Aptamer‐Functionalized Small Molecule Drugs for Targeted Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Dan , Peng Yongbo , Deng Zhengyu , Tan Yan , Su Yuanye , Kuai Hailan , Ai Lili , Huang Zhiyong , Wang Xue‐Qiang , Zhang Xiaobing , Tan Weihong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBiomarker‐guided anticancer strategy has evolved into one of the most reliable and efficient cancer treatment techniques. However, most targeted anticancer molecular platforms are constructed in liquid phase with multi‐step synthesis and complex purification. This work describes a general and modular solid‐phase synthesis strategy to engineer novel targeted anticancer therapeutics based on aptamer‐functionalized small molecule drugs (ASMD). Specifically, anticancer agent Combretastatin A4 (CA4) is transformed into a phosphoramidite module, and then is incorporated into aptamer Sgc8c via automated DNA synthesis technique to obtain intracellular phosphatase‐responsive Sgc8c‐CA4 conjugate (SC). In the rational design, SC retains excellent recognition ability and cytotoxicity against its target colorectal cancer cells. SC shows more efficient and safer therapy than CA4 both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the cellular events of SC are systematically visualized when they encounter the target cancer cells. The visualizing mechanism gives a clear picture of the anticancer function of targeted therapeutics against cancer cells. These results may pave the way for utilizing molecularly engineered ASMDs to develop more novel targeted cancer therapeutics for the treatment of different cancer types.