bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV and Development of Epithelial Cell Abnormalities in Women with Prior Normal Cervical Cytology in Nigeria
Authors: Musa Jonah , Mehta Supriya D. , Achenbach Chad J. , Evans Charlesnika T. , Jordan Neil , Magaji Francis A. , Pam Victor C. , Daru Patrick H. , Silas Olugbenga , Sagay Atiene S. , Anorlu Rose , Zheng Yinan , Maiga Mamoudou , Adewole Isaac F. , Murphy Robert L. , Hou Lifang , Simon Melissa A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background HIV-associated cellular immune dysfunction has been linked to higher risk of cervical dysplasia and cancer in HIV infected women. We sought to understand the relationship between HIV and development of epithelial cell abnormalities (ECA) at follow-up in women with prior normal cervical cytology (NCC).Methods Retrospective cohort analysis of women who received a Pap test at the Operation Stop Cervical Cancer Unit in Jos, Nigeria over a 10-year period (2006–2016). We analyzed the data of women with NCC at first Pap who had at least one follow-up cytology result for time-to-detection of ECA. We determined follow-up time in years from date of first NCC to date of first ECA report or date of last NCC follow up report with censoring at last follow-up date or December 31st, 2016 whichever came first. The primary outcome was development of any ECA as defined by the Bethesda 2001 reporting system. We identified demographic and clinical factors associated with incident ECA using multivariable Cox regression.Results A total of 1,599 women were eligible for this analysis. Overall, 3.7% (57/1,556) of women reported being HIV infected. The median age at first Pap was 39 years (IQR; 33–45). The HIV infected women were younger (36.3 ± 8.1) compared to those uninfected (39.3 ± 6.6), p = 0.005. After an accrued follow-up time of 3,809 person-years, 243 women (15%) had an ECA with an event rate of 6.38 per 100 person-years (PYs). Women ≥ 35 years at first Pap were more likely to have an ECA compared to those < 35 years (7.5 per 100 PYs vs 3.8 per 100 PYs, HR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.4, 2.8). HIV was not significantly associated with developing ECA in either unadjusted (7.4 per 100 PYs vs 6.4 per 100 PYs, HR = 1.17; 95% CI: 0.53, 2.3) or adjusted analyses (aHR = 1.78; 95% CI: 0.87, 3.65).Conclusion Women with HIV on successful antiretroviral treatment may not have a differential hazard in the development of ECA during follow up after a prior normal Pap. Offering a repeat CCS to women who are 35 years or older irrespective of HIV status is likely an effective strategy in resource limited settings.
SARM1 promotes neuroinflammation and inhibits neural regeneration after spinal cord injury
Authors: Liu Huitao , Zhang Jingjing , Xu Xingxing , Yang Danlu , Xie Changnan , Jia Mengxian , Zhang Wenbin , Shen Xiya , Jin Lingting , Lu Sheng , Li Fayi , Wang Wangfei , Bao Xiaomei , Li Sijia , Zhu Minyu , Wang Wei , Wang Ying , Huang Zhihui , Teng Honglin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Axonal degeneration is a common pathological feature in many acute and chronic neurological diseases such as spinal cord injury (SCI). SARM1 (sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1), the fifth TLR (Toll-like receptor) adaptor, has diverse functions in the immune and nervous systems, and recently has been identified as a key mediator of Wallerian degeneration (WD). However, the detailed functions of SARM1 after SCI still remain unclear.
Methods

Modified Allen’s method was used to establish a contusion model of SCI in mice. Furthermore, to address the function of SARM1 after SCI, mice that SARM1 was conditionally knockout (CKO) in the central nervous system (CNS), namely SARM1Nestin-CKO mice, were successfully generated. And to explore the potential of clinical application, FK866, an inhibitor of SARM1, was used to further verify the phenomenon and mechanism.
Results

We found that SARM1 was mainly detected in neurons and was upregulated in neurons at early stage after SCI. And SARM1Nestin-CKO mice displayed normal development of the spinal cords and motor function. Interestingly, conditional deletion of SARM1 in neurons promoted the recovery of behavior performance after SCI. Mechanistically, conditional deletion of SARM1 in neurons promoted neuronal regeneration at intermediate phase after SCI, and reduced neuroinflammation at SCI early phase, which may through downregulation of NF-κB signaling after SCI. Finally, FK866 reduced neuroinflammation and promoted neuronal regeneration after SCI.
Conclusion

Our results indicate that SARM1-mediated prodegenerative pathway and neuroinflammation promotes the pathological progress of SCI and anti-SARM1 therapeutics are a viable and promising approach for preserving neuronal function after SCI.
High Aspartate Aminotransferase to Alanine Aminotransferase Ratio on Admission as Risk Factor for Poor Prognosis in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Qin Cheng , Wei Yingxin , Lyu Xiaoyu , Zhao Bangbo , Feng Yunlu , Li Tianhao , Cao Hongtao , Yang Xiaoying , Zhou Xingtong , Wang Weibin , You Lei , Wang Yujun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to analyze aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio in COVID-19 patients. After exclusion, 567 inpatients were included in this study and separated into two groups according to their AST/ALT ratio on admission. Poor prognosis included death and transfer to other hospitals due to deterioration. Of 567 patients, 56 (9.9%) had AST/ALT ≥ 2. Of the 56 patients, older age (median age 65.5 years), fatigue (29 [51.8%] cases), comorbidities (33 [58.9%] cases) and outcomes were significantly different from patients with AST/ALT < 2. They also had worse chest computed tomography (CT) findings, laboratory results and severity scores. Levels of platelet count (OR = 0.989, 95% CI [0.983-0.996]) were independently associated with AST/ALT ≥ 2 on admission. Furthermore, a high AST/ALT ratio on admission was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis (OR = 22.02, 95% CI [1.84-263.2]), especially in patients with AST levels > 40 U/L. In subsequent monitoring, the AST/ALT ratio was decreased in both patients with AST/ALT < 2 or ≥ 2 on admission. COVID-19 patients who are older, or have fatigue, comorbidities are more likely to have AST/ALT ≥ 2 on admission, which might be the indication of worse status and outcomes.
Size distribution of virus laden droplets from expiratory ejecta of infected subjects
Authors: Anand S , Mayya Y S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
For rebooting business and academic activities in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic scenario, it is important to pay detailed attention to all forms of infection transfer mechanisms during interaction of people in enclosed environments. In this context, a matter of specific concern will be the possibility of aerosol mediated infection transfer in indoor spaces, which will be largely governed by the size distributions of virus laden droplets, termed as virusols in this work, ejected from humans. We expand on the well-known theory of Poisson fluctuations which acts as statistical barrier against formation of virusols. Analysis suggests that for viral loads of less than 2x105 RNA copies/mL, often corresponding to mild-to-moderate cases of COVID-19, droplets of diameter <20 micron are unlikely to be of consequence in carrying infections. Cut-off diameters below which droplets will be practically free of contamination, are presented as a function of viral loading. The median diameters of virus laden droplet distributions will be 1.5 to 20 times higher depending upon the Geometric Standard Deviation of the droplet size distributions. The studies have implications to residence time estimates of airborne infections in indoor air and for performance evaluation of sanitation and control technologies to mitigate infection risks in workplaces.
Screening and Analysis of COVID-19 cases in non-epidemic areas: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhu Yan , Guo Yan , Ma Juan , Li Mao-shi , Chen Jia-fei , Liu Ming , Yan Ze-hui , Deng Guo-hong , Mao Qing , Liu Hui-min 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective: To compare the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of confirmed and suspected corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases via the process of “triage-screening-isolation-transfer” in the hospitals of non-epidemic areas.Methods: The general data, epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, laboratory examination, and chest computed tomography (CT) imaging characteristics of 38 patients with suspected COVID-19, admitted between January 21 and March 5, 2020, were analyzed.Results: According to the results of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) ribonucleic acid (RNA) testing, the patients were divided into study group (RNA positive) and control group (RNA negative). Ultimately, 8 cases were RNA-positive and diagnosed as CDVID-19, and 30 cases were negative. Approximately half of the patients in the study group returned to Chongqing from Wuhan; this number was significantly larger than that of the control group (P<0.05). The number of subjects in close contact with the confirmed cases with SARS-CoV-2 RNA-positive and the incidence of aggregation was significantly larger in the study group than in the control group (both P<0.05). The clinical symptom of the study group was mainly low fever (with or without cough). The patients with decreased white blood cells (WBC) in the study group were significantly more than those in the control group (P<0.05). Both group had reduced lymphocytes (Lym) but the number of patients with increased C-reactive protein (CRP) in the study group was significantly more than that in the control group (P<0.05). There were different degrees of chest CT abnormalities in both study and control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The epidemiological investigations in screening for infectious diseases is crucial. The risk of infection was high from the primary epidemic area and/or in close contact with the confirmed case. The most common form of clustering occurrence was family aggregation. CDVID-19 was mainly characterized by fever and respiratory symptoms, although asymptomatic infection may also occur. Decreased WBC, decreased Lym, and increased CRP are common characteristics but can also be combined with other respiratory tract virus infections. COVID 19 screening by chest CT alone had certain limitations in non- epidemic areas.
Radiologic evaluation of discharge quality in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Li Jingwen , Long Xi , Fang Fang , Lv Xuefei , Zhang Dandan , Sun Yu , Li Na , Zhang Qing , Fang Xi , Hu Shaoping , Lin Zhicheng , Xiong Nian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Worldwide spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has made hundreds of thousands people sick and fortunately many of them have been treated and discharged. However, it remains unclear how well the discharged patients were recovering. Chest CT scan, with demonstrated high sensitivity to COVID-19, was used here to examine clinical manifestations in patients at discharge.Methods This study registered retrospectively single-center case series of 180 discharged patients, all confirmed with COVID-19 at Wuhan Red Cross Hospital in Wuhan, China. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory and treatment data were collected. CT imaging features of absorption vs progressive stage were compared and analyzed.Results Five pulmonary lobes were affected in 54 (30%) of the 180 patients at the absorption stage, comparing to 66% of them at the progressive stage (P=1.45×10-11). Forty five (25%) patients had pleural effusion on admission and 13 of them still carried hydrothorax when discharged as per standard discharge criteria(P=4.48×10-6). Besides, compared with those at progressive stage, 97 (54%) discharged patients had interlobular thickening (P=6.95×10-3) and 43% of them still presented adjacent pleura thickening (P=5.58×10-5). The median total CT score of discharged patients at absorption stage was lower than progressive stage (3 vs 12.5 ). The median total CT score recovery rate was 67% (range, 0-100%) and 139 (77%) patients showed less than 90% improvement at discharge.Conclusions A majority (77%) of the discharged patients had not recovered completely. The current discharge criteria may need to include 90% or higher CT score-based recovery rate.Authors Jingwen Li, Xi Long, Fang Fang, and Xuefei Lv contributed equally to this work.Authors Zhicheng Lin and Nian Xiong are joint last coauthors.
Natural Product Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase (COX) Enzyme: A Review on Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Ambati Goutami G. , Jachak Sanjay M. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Several clinically used COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor drugs were reported
to possess severe side effects like GI ulcers and cardiovascular disturbances, respectively.
Natural products being structurally diverse always attracted the attention of chemists/
medicinal chemists as a potential source of lead molecules in the drug discovery process.
COX-2 inhibitory natural products also possess potential cancer chemopreventive property
against various cancers including that of colon, breast and prostate.

Methods:
Various in vitro, in vivo and in silico standardized methods were used to evaluate
COX inhibition property of different secondary metabolites isolated from plant, microbial and
marine origin.

Results:
We had earlier reported a detailed account of natural product inhibitors of COX reported
during 1995-2005, in 2006. In the proposed review, we report 158 natural product inhibitors
of COX during 2006 to 2019 belonging to various secondary metabolite classes such
as alkaloids, terpenoids, polyphenols as flavonoids, chromones, coumarins, lignans, anthraquinones,
naphthalenes, curcuminoids, diarylheptanoids and miscellaneous compounds of
plant and marine origin. Further Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) studies of possible
leads are also included in the article.

Conclusion:
COX inhibitors served as a potential source of lead molecules for the discovery
and development of anti-inflammatory drugs. Compilation of natural product and semisynthetic
inhibitors of COX may serve as valuable information to the researchers who are
looking for possible lead molecules from a natural source to conduct further preclinical and
clinical studies.
The P-MAPA Immunomodulator Partially Prevents Apoptosis Induced by Zika Virus Infection in THP-1 Cells
Authors: Lima Morganna C. , Azevedo Elisa A.N. , de Morais Clarice N.L. , de Sousa Larissa I.O. , Carvalho Bruno M. , da Silva Iseu N. , Franca Rafael F.O. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Zika virus is an emerging arbovirus of global importance. ZIKV infection is
associated with a range of neurological complications such as the Congenital Zika Syndrome and Guillain
Barré Syndrome. Despite the magnitude of recent outbreaks, there is no specific therapy to prevent
or to alleviate disease pathology.

Objective:
To investigate the role of P-MAPA immunomodulator in Zika-infected THP-1 cells.

Methods:
THP-1 cells were subjected to Zika virus infection (Multiplicity of Infection = 0.5) followed
by treatment with P-MAPA for until 96 hours post-infection. After that, the cell death was analyzed by
annexin+/ PI+ and caspase 3/ 7+ staining by flow cytometry. In addition, virus replication and cell proliferation
were accessed by RT-qPCR and Ki67 staining, respectively.

Results:
We demonstrate that P-MAPA in vitro treatment significantly reduces Zika virus-induced cell
death and caspase-3/7 activation on THP-1 infected cells, albeit it has no role in virus replication and
cell proliferation.

Conclusions:
Our study reveals that P-MAPA seems to be a satisfactory alternative to inhibit the effects
of Zika virus infection in mammalian cells.
Synthesis of Novel 1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives of Isocoumarins and 3,4-Dihydroisocoumarin with Potential Antiplasmodial Activity In Vitro
Authors: da Silva Santos Lucas , de Carvalho Matheus Fillipe Langanke , de Souza Pinto Ana Claudia , da Fonseca Amanda Luisa , Dias Lopes Julio César , de Pilla Varotti Fernando , de Freitas Rossimiriam Pereira , Alves Rosemeire Brondi 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Malaria greatly affects the world health, having caused more than 228 million
cases only in 2018. The emergence of drug resistance is one of the main problems in its treatment, demonstrating
the need for the development of new antimalarial drugs.

Objective:
Synthesis and in vitro antiplasmodial evaluation of triazole compounds derived from isocoumarins
and a 3,4-dihydroisocoumarin.

Methods:
The compounds were synthesized in 4 to 6-step reactions with the formation of the triazole
ring via the Copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between isocoumarin or 3,4-
dihydroisocoumarin azides and terminal alkynes. This key reaction provided compounds with an unprecedented
connection of isocoumarin or 3,4-dihydroisocoumarin and the 1,2,3-triazole ring. The products
were tested for their antiplasmodial activity against a Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistant
and sensitive strains (W2 and 3D7, respectively).

Results:
Thirty-one substances were efficiently obtained by the proposed routes with an overall yield of
25-53%. The active substances in the antiplasmodial test displayed IC50 values ranging from 0.68-2.89
μM and 0.85-2.07 μM against W2 and 3D7 strains, respectively.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated the great potential of isocoumarin or 3,4-dihydroisocoumarin derivatives
because practically all the tested substances were active against Plasmodium falciparum.
In Silico Investigation: Opening Doors to Novel Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitors
Authors: Mittal Sheenu , Gupta Ankit , Monika  , Richa  , Chadha Renu , Dhingra Neelima 
Published: June 2020

Introduction:
Lung cancer is presumed to be the most notable cause of morbidity and impermanency
in human beings caused by uncontrolled cell proliferation of lung tissue which results in
abrupt synthesis of DNA.

Methods:
Prevention of DNA synthesis can show distinctive effect on lung cancer by utilizing Thymidylate
synthase (TS), a key rate-limiting enzyme in the DNA synthesis process. However, the
available finite aggregate of clinically approved blockers and their corresponding side effects lead
to the urgent origination of novel inhibitors.

Results and Discussion:
In silico approaches (QSAR and molecular docking) have been accomplished
to discover new potential inhibitors of TS providing a new strategy to evolve novel thymidylate
synthase inhibitors functional in lung cancer.

Conclusion:
In the present study chemical features of a series of compounds alongside their activities
alternating over numerous orders of magnitudes was utilized to generate QSAR models, and these
could be further employed to predict the activity of new designed compounds. 3D‒QSAR kNNSW
based model with decent statistical data having q2 approximately 95% (internal validation) and
80% (external validation) has validated the importance of steric feature. Further docking analysis using
D‒score and ligand receptor interactions indicated that all the studied compounds are well accommodated
in the binding pocket of TS and disparities in the activity are controlled by hydrogen
and hydrophobic interactions.
Sheikh Nuruddin Al-Raniri Description Of Heaven In Bad 'Al-Khalq Al-Samawat Wa Al-Ard [MSS 1517(A)]
Authors: Shahruddin Mohd Solahuddin , Bhari Azri , Mohd Noor Muaz , Ismail Ahmad Zuhdi 
Published: June 2020

Sheikh Nuruddin al-Raniri (d. 1658) is a renowned scholar in the Malay archipelago during the rule of Sultan Iskandar Thani (1636-1641 AD) in Acheh. He had authored 35 works on various disciplines of Islam and Bad 'al-Khalq al-Samawat wa al-Ard describes the concept of heaven genesis in Jawi manuscript MSS1517 (A). This article is a preliminary analysis of the manuscript focusing on excerpts of al-Raniri's exposition on the meaning of heaven and its categories. That heaven has respective names and inhabitants in the Day of Judgment. Study on the biography of al-Raniri and the written scripture was conducted by analyzing al-Raniri's thinking pattern, which was extracted from the book. Moreover, the concept of the natural phenomenon was explained and discussed intensively following Islamic thinking. Then each phrase and al-Raniri’s ideology was clearly defined base on the interpretation of Qur’an and hadiths. Result of this study shows that the writing method done by al-Raniri was mostly focusing on imagining the condition of a specific place in heaven.
Keywords: al-Raniri; Bad 'al-Khalq al-Samawat wa al-Ard; heaven; earth
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI1.2300
An Element of Culture on Printmaking Artworks
Authors: Izwanna Nazzatul , Legino Rafeah , Jebakumari  , Mohd Salleh Noorziah 
Published: June 2020

This paper examines the elements of culture in printmaking artworks. The objective of this study will analyse artworks that will show the stimuli of culture in artworks. Therefore, as to enhance this study, selected artworks were identified, analysed and determine their formulation of artworks. The process of categorization was based on the culture elements through the observation of the artwork. The outcome of this study showed that the artworks significantly illustrates how an artist appreciates the cultural aspects through the printmaking artworks. Most artworks raised the aesthetic appreciation for this country and shared the uniqueness of Malaysia’s culture into artwork.
Keywords: Artworks, Culture, Printmaking, Malaysia.
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI1.2306
Primary Analysis of Co-Creation Method: A conceptual framework for Malaysian interactive product development
Authors: Jantan Ramlan , Kamaruddin Norfadilah , Zainal Abidin Shahriman 
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, the co-creation method has become a new development trend in the era of technology. Towards this scenario, design industry firms currently have transformed their development strategy from a good-dominant into service-dominant and more attention given to end-users in the development process. As a result, the conventional development process has been replaced with more cooperative development which is customer focus. Most of the Results from established sources such as journals and books have concluded. The framework is accumulated from both parties involved: the users and designers. This paper further contributes to the literature on the co-creation of value and digital ecosystems.
Keywords: co-creation method; co-creation framework; co-creation.
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI1.2309