bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double diffusive LTNE porous convection with Cattaneo effects in the solid
Authors: Hema Muniyappa , Shivakumara Inapura Siddagangaiah , Ravisha Mallappa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe impact of Cattaneo heat flux law in the solid on the onset of double‐diffusive Darcy porous convection with local thermal nonequilibrium temperatures is investigated. The Fourier law of heat transfer is invoked for the fluid, whereas the Cattaneo heat flux law used to transfer heat in solid skeleton alters the temperature equation from parabolic to hyperbolic. The results are obtained for porous skeletons of aluminum and copper oxides. Both Cattaneo and solute concentration effects reinforce in controlling the onset of oscillatory convection and some novel consequences are observed. Compared with the results perceived in the absence of solute concentration, a manifestation of oscillatory convection with scaled‐interphase heat transfer coefficient as well as solid thermal relaxation time parameter initiates earlier in its presence. The effect of increasing interphase heat transfer coefficient and the Lewis number is to delay and hasten the onset of stationary and oscillatory convection. Besides, the increase in the value of solid thermal relaxation time parameter advances the oscillatory onset. Although the increase in the solute Darcy–Rayleigh number is to delay the stationary onset, it shows a twofold behavior on the onset of oscillatory convection. Before the onset of oscillatory convection, the size of the convection cell gets narrower and after which it becomes much wider. The existing results are retrieved as limiting cases from the current study.
Nox4 Expression Is Not Required for OVX‐Induced Osteoblast Senescence and Bone Loss in Mice
Authors: Chen Jin‐Ran , Lazarenko Oxana P , Zhao Haijun , Wankhade Umesh D , Pedersen Kim , Watt James , Ronis Martin J J 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTEstrogen deficiency and aging play critical roles in the pathophysiology of bone as a result of increased oxidative stress. It has been suggested that prevention of NADPH oxidase‐ (Nox‐) dependent accumulation of ROS may be an approach to potentially minimize bone loss caused by these conditions. Using ovariectomized (OVX) and Nox4 gene‐deletion mouse models, we investigated the role of Nox4 in OVX‐induced bone loss and osteoblast senescence signaling. Six‐month‐old WT C57Bl6 mice were allocated to a sham control group, OVX, and OVX plus E2 treatment group for 8 weeks. Decreased bone mass including BMD and BMC were found in the OVX group compared with the sham control (p < 0.05); E2 treatment completely reversed OVX‐induced bone loss. Interestingly, the prevention of OVX‐induced bone loss by E2 was associated with the elimination of increased senescence signaling in bone osteoblastic cells from the OVX group. E2 blunted OVX‐induced p53 and p21 overexpression, but not p16 and Nox4 in bone. In addition, 8‐ and 11‐month‐old Nox4 KO female mice were OVX for 8 weeks. Significant bone loss and increased bone osteoblastic cell senescence signaling occurred not only in Nox4 KO OVX mice compared with sham‐operated animals, but also in 11‐month‐old Nox4 KO sham mice compared with 8‐month‐old Nox4 KO sham mice (p < 0.05). These data suggest that Nox4‐mediated ROS in bone osteoblastic cells may be dispensable for sex steroid deficiency‐induced bone loss and senescence. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The Amino Acid Sensor Eif2ak4/GCN2 Is Required for Proliferation of Osteoblast Progenitors in Mice
Authors: Hu Guoli , Yu Yilin , Tang Yuning J , Wu Colleen , Long Fanxin , Karner Courtney M 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPC) are critical regulators of bone homeostasis by providing a continuous supply of osteoblasts throughout life. In response to inductive signals, SSPC proliferate before osteoblast differentiation. Proliferation requires the duplication of all cellular components before cell division. This imposes a unique biosynthetic requirement for amino acids that can be used for biomass production. Thus, the ability to sense and respond to amino acid availability is likely a major determinant for proliferation. Using a cellular and genetic approach, we demonstrate the amino acid sensor GCN2 is required to support the robust proliferative capacity of SSPC during bone homeostasis. GCN2 ablation results in decreased postnatal bone mass due primarily to reduced osteoblast numbers. Decreased osteoblast numbers is likely attributed to reduced SSPC proliferation as loss of GCN2 specifically affected proliferation in cultured bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) without impacting osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Mechanistically, GCN2 regulates proliferation by increasing amino acid uptake downstream of the transcriptional effector ATF4. Collectively, these data suggest amino acid sensing through the GCN2/ATF4 pathway is indispensable for robust SSPC proliferation necessary for bone homeostasis. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
How do geneticists and prospective parents interpret and negotiate an uncertain prenatal genetic result? An analysis of clinical interactions
Authors: Lou Stina , Petersen Olav Bjørn , Lomborg Kirsten , Vogel Ida 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVariants of unknown significance (VUS) and susceptibility loci (SL) are a challenge in prenatal genetic counseling. The aim of this study was to explore how such uncertain genetic results are communicated, negotiated, and made meaningful by genetics healthcare providers and couples in the actual clinical setting where results are delivered. The study was based on an anthropological approach and the material consisted of observations and audio‐recordings from 16 purposively sampled genetic counseling sessions where prenatal testing had identified an inherited or de novo VUS or SL result. Field notes and transcripts from audio‐recordings were analyzed using thematic analysis. The analysis identified a number of specific interpretations and strategies that clinical geneticists and couples collectively used for dealing with the ambiguity of the result. Thus, the analysis resulted in a total of three themes, each with 3–4 subthemes. The theme ‘Setting the scene’ describes the three‐stage structure of the consultation. The theme ‘Dealing with uncertainty’ includes ‘normalizing strategies’ that emphasized the inherent uncertainty in human life in general and ‘contextualizing strategies’ that placed the result in relation to the surrounding society, where technological developments lead to new and unforeseen challenges. The theme ‘Regaining control’ includes interpretations that made the knowledge useful by focusing on the value of being prepared for potential, future challenges. Other strategies were to book an extra scan—to reconfirm fetal structural health and to reconnect to the pregnancy. Finally, inquiring about the sex was clearly a way for the couple to signal their investment in the pregnancy. Based on the analysis, we propose that these interpretations served to transform and reduce ambiguity through a process of reconfiguring the biomedical information into knowledge that resonated with the couples' lifeworlds. In this process, both geneticist and couples drew on wider social and moral concerns about uncertainty and responsibility.
A rising trend of double tropopauses over South Asia in a warming environment: Implications for moistening of the lower stratosphere
Authors: Fadnavis Suvarna , Sioris Christopher E. , Wagh Neeraj , Chattopadhyay Rajib , Tao Mengchu , Chavan Prashant , Chakroborty Tanusri 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe water vapour variation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) is of high significance due to its impact on global warming. In this article, we present an association of occurrence frequency of double tropopauses (DTs) with convective clouds and transport of water vapour in the UTLS over subtropical South Asia using multiple multi‐decadal datasets (e.g., radiosonde temperature profiles (1977–2017), Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (2003–2017), ERA‐Interim reanalysis (1979–2017) and Microwave Limb Sounder (2004–2016). The diagnostic analysis of temperature, water vapour and potential vorticity indicates that convective clouds occurring during DTs enhance water in the altitude layer near the DTs. DTs are frequent (~5–55%) over the subtropical South Asia (25°–30°N) and associated with an enhancement of water vapour mixing ratios by ~5–40% (0.2–7.5 ppmv) above the lower tropopause. The radiosonde observations show a positive trend (~0.27 ± 0.12 to 0.4 ± 0.2%/year) in the occurrence of DTs during last 45 years, enhancing the moisture during DT days (trend 0.04 ± 0.02 to 0.26 ± 0.24 ppmv/decade above the tropopause). The convective injection of anomalously high water vapour mixing ratios in DT conditions and moistening trends in the UTLS may be consequences of global warming. The increasing trend in the water vapour in the UTLS may enhance long‐wave radiation coming back down to warm the troposphere and exacerbate the global warming effect.
A Comparison of Creativity‐Relevant Personal Characteristics in Adolescents Across Personality Profiles
Authors: Mammadov Sakhavat 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present research investigated personality profiles in early and middle adolescents (N = 168) and compared the emerged profiles by creative ideation, motivational autonomy, and self‐efficacy in self‐regulation. Cluster analyses revealed three profiles: Resilients, Flexibles, and Averages. The personality types described in the literature were only partially replicable. Resilients had low scores on neuroticism and high scores on the other Big Five traits. Flexibles had high scores on openness and extraversion and average scores on neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Averages had average scores on most personality traits. Resilients and Flexibles scored significantly higher than Averages on creative ideation and autonomous motivation. Resilients had stronger self‐efficacy for self‐regulation than Flexibles and Averages. The findings were discussed in terms of their relevance to personality and creativity literature.
Incidence of retrograde peri‐implantitis in sites with previous apical surgeries: A retrospective study
Authors: Saleh Muhammad H.A. , Khurshid Hadiya , Travan Suncica , Sinjab Khaled , Bushahri Ali , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundRetrograde peri‐implantitis (RPI) is a rapidly progressing periapical infection that forms around the implant apex. It is usually associated with sites adjacent to teeth with apical lesions; previous endodontic failures, retained root fragments, etc. This study aimed to study the incidence of RPI in sites with a history of apical surgeries.MethodsPatients with sites treated for both apicoectomy and implant placement presenting to the University of Michigan School of Dentistry from 2001 to 2016 were screened. A total of 502 apicoectomies were performed, only 25 of these fit the predetermined eligibility criteria and were thus included in this retrospective analysis.ResultsImplants that were placed in sites with a previous apical surgery had a cumulative survival rate of 92%. The incidence of peri‐implantitis was 8%, while the incidence of RPI was 20%. There was an increased trend for RPI in cases where the cause of extraction was persistent apical periodontitis (35.7%), but this increase didn't reach the level of statistical significance (P = 0.061).ConclusionImplants placed in sites with previous apical surgery are not at an increased risk of implant failure or RPI.
Influences of CD8+ Tregs on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Allergic Rhinitis Patients
Authors: Lin Lin , Dai Fei , Wei Jinjin , Chen Zheng 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesCD8+(or CD4+) CD25+fork‐head box transcription factor (Foxp3)+ regulatory T cells (CD8+ or CD4+ Tregs) all play a significant role in immune homeostasis and tolerance. However, the role of CD8+ Tregs in allergic rhinitis (AR) have not been clearly elucidated. The present study was aimed to assess the influence of CD8+ Tregs on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from AR patients.Study DesignProspective cross‐sectional study.MethodsPatients with AR were enrolled. PBMCs were obtained, and CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs were separated from PBMCs and cultured in vitro. We examined percentages of these Tregs in total CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, respectively. After that, we evaluated levels of interleukin (IL)‐10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β in Tregs cultures. Finally, we administered CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs from AR patients into PBMCs cultures and examined contents of IL‐4 and IL‐5.ResultsThe percentages of CD4+ or CD8+ Tregs in the total CD4+ or CD8+ T cells from PBMCs in AR patients were reduced compared to normal subjects. However, IL‐10 and TGF‐β and their mRNAs were increased in CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs cultures from AR patients, and there were no significant differences in their levels between these two Tregs cultures. IL‐4 and IL‐5 were increased in AR subjects’ PBMCs compared to normal ones and decreased after the AR CD4+ or CD8+ Tregs administration. However, there were no statistical differences in IL‐4 and IL‐5 concentrations between these two Tregs treatments.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate that CD8+ Tregs may alleviate inflammatory responses in AR condition.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E316–E323, 2021
Correlated ab initio calculations of one‐bond 31P77Se and 31P125Te spin–spin coupling constants in a series of PSe and PTe systems accounting for relativistic effects (part 2)
Authors: Rusakova Irina L. , Rusakov Yuriy Yu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSynthetic chalcogen–phosphorus chemistry permanently makes new challenges to computational Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, which has proven to be a powerful tool of structural analysis of chalcogen–phosphorus compounds. This paper reports on the calculations of one‐bond 31P77Se and 31P125Te NMR spin–spin coupling constants (SSCCs) in the series of phosphine selenides and tellurides. The applicability of the combined computational approach to the one‐bond 31P77Se and 31P125Te SSCCs, incorporating the composite nonrelativistic scheme, built of high‐accuracy correlated SOPPA (CC2) and Coupled Cluster Single and Double (CCSD) methods and the Density Functional Theory (DFT) relativistic corrections (four‐component level), was examined against the experiment and another scheme based on the four‐component relativistic DFT method. A special J‐oriented basis set (acv3z‐J) for selenium and tellurium atoms, developed previously by the authors, was used throughout the NMR calculations in this work at the first time. The proposed computational methodologies (combined and ‘pure’) provided a reasonable accuracy for 31P77Se and 31P125Te SSCCs against experimental data, characterizing by the mean absolute percentage errors of about 4% and 1%, and 12% and 8% for selenium and tellurium species, respectively. The present study reports typical relativistic corrections to 77Se31P and 125Te31P SSCCs, calculated within the four‐component DFT formalism for a broad series of tertiary phosphine selenides and tellurides with different substituents at phosphorus.
Characterization of Comb Shaped MAA‐co‐PEGMA Copolymers Synthesized by Free‐Radical Polymerization
Authors: Emaldi Iñaki , Agirre Amaia , Etxeberria Agustin , Erkizia Edurne , Dolado JorgeS. , Leiza Jose R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMethacrylic acid‐co‐polyethylene glycol methacrylate (MAA‐co‐PEGMA) copolymers (also known as MPEG‐type polycarboxylate ether (PCE) superplasticizers) present comb‐shaped microstructure and they are generally used as dispersants of inorganic particles in cementitious formulations. Application properties of the PCEs strongly depend on the molecular structure and therefore accurate characterization of the microstructure is necessary to fully understand the structure–property relationship. In this work, MAA‐co‐PEGMA copolymers with various lateral size chain lengths and homogeneous copolymer compositions are synthesized by starved‐feed semibatch copolymerization. Molar mass and radius of gyration distributions and monomer sequence distribution are measured using size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi angle light scattering (SEC/MALS/refractive index, RI) and 1H and 13C NMR, respectively. Furthermore, it is proved that the experimental radius of gyration compares well with the prediction of a theoretical model for the radius of gyration that uses characteristic parameters of the microstructure of the PCEs (e.g., average molar masses). This confirms the accuracy of the measurements of the absolute molar masses for the MPEG‐type PCEs synthesized by free‐radical (co)polymerization.
Development of computationally efficient augmented Lagrangian SPH for incompressible flows and its quantitative comparison with WCSPH simulating flow past a circular cylinder
Authors: Kolukisa Deniz Can , Ozbulut Murat , Pesman Emre , Yildiz Mehmet 
Published: May 2020

SummaryIn Lagrangian particle‐based methods such as smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), computing totally divergence‐free velocity field in a flow domain with the smallest error possible is the most critical issue, which might be achieved through solving pressure Poisson equation implicitly with higher particle resolutions. However, implicit solutions are computationally expensive and may be particularly challenging in the solution of multiphase flows with highly nonlinear deformations as well as fluid‐structure interaction problems. Augmented Lagrangian SPH (ALSPH) method is a new alternative algorithm as a prevalent pressure solver where the divergence‐free velocity field is achieved by iterative calculation of velocity and pressure fields. This study investigates the performance of the ALSPH technique by solving a challenging flow problem such as two‐dimensional flow around a cylinder within the Reynolds number range of 50 to 500 in terms of improved robustness, accuracy, and computational efficiency. The same flow conditions are also simulated using the conventional weakly compressible SPH (WCSPH) method. The results of ALSPH and WCSPH solutions are not only compared in terms of numerical validation/verification studies, but also rigorous investigations are performed for all related physical flow characteristics, namely, hydrodynamic coefficients, frequency domain analyses, and velocity divergence fields.
German translation, cultural adaptation and testing of the Person‐centred Practice Inventory – Staff (PCPI‐S)
Authors: Weis Maya L. D. , Wallner Martin , Köck‐Hódi Sabine , Hildebrandt Christiane , McCormack Brendan , Mayer Hanna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the PCPI‐S into German and to eventually test its psychometric properties in long‐term care settings.BackgroundPerson‐centred practice has been widely adopted internationally as a best‐practice model in nursing and health care. To ensure a sustainable implementation of this practice and to successively promote it, person‐centred practice should be evaluated on a regular basis. The Person‐centred Practice Inventory—Staff (PCPI‐S), which is based on McCormack & McCance's Person‐centred Practice Framework, is a new instrument for this purpose by assessing perceptions of person‐centredness among healthcare staff.DesignA two‐phase research design was used involving the translation and cultural adaption of the PCPI‐S from English to German (PCPI‐S‐G; Phase 1) and a quantitative cross‐sectional survey (Phase 2).MethodsConstruct validity was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's α.ResultsPhase 1 was conducted using an internationally recommended checklist for translations and cultural adaptations. In Phase 2, the PCPI‐S‐G was tested in 15 residential care homes in Austria with a sample of 255 staff members. The CFA showed good construct validity and supported the theoretical framework. The internal consistency for the three constructs of the PCPI‐S was excellent, revealing Cronbach's α‐scores from 0.902–0.941.
Creep analysis of E‐glass/vinyl‐ester laminated composites for underground vault structures
Authors: Youssef George 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCreep is eminent in fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite materials given the susceptibility of polymers to constant loading. The response of polymer matrix composites used in retrofitting vital infrastructure to long‐term flexural loadings is investigated to elucidate the effect of creep. The experimental approach consisted of first establishing a benchmark of the quasi‐statically tested flexural properties. A fresh set of samples were then flexural tested for an extended period. Failure was determined to be strain‐driven in both quasi‐static and long‐term testing conditions. The mechanical properties were found to be insensitive to the strain rate (in the low strain regime), while being mildly sensitive to creep loading. The flexural response also showed dependence on the historic creep loading. The creep strain was successfully fitted into Baily‐Norton power law, which allowed for forecasting the creep life based on the critical strain failure criteria. The overall results explicate the interrelation between long‐term loading and fidelity of composites‐based infrastructures.
Polyvinyl butyral‐based composites with carbon nanotubes: Efficient dispersion as a key to high mechanical properties
Authors: Lavagna Luca , Marchisio Silvia , Merlo Alessandra , Nisticò Roberto , Pavese Matteo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEven if the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their derivatives are commonly used as reinforcing phase in composite materials, also in commercial products, their tendency to agglomerate generally determines a scarce dispersion, thus not maximizing the effect due to the second phase. In this article, a perfect dispersion of highly entangled nanotubes was achieved by using a very simple approach: exploiting the dispersing effect of a low‐cost polymer, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), coupled with standard ultrasound sonication. Several dispersion approaches were tested in order to develop a consistent and widely applicable dispersion protocol. The tape casting technology was subsequently used to produce 100 to 300 μm thick PVB‐matrix composite tapes, reinforced by multiwall CNTs dispersed according to the optimized protocol. Their mechanical properties were evaluated, and a simple model was used to demonstrate that the effective dispersion of CNTs is the key to obtain significantly improved properties.
Mechanical response and equilibrium swelling of thermoresponsive copolymer hydrogels
Authors: Drozdov Aleksey D , deClaville Christiansen Jesper 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCovalently crosslinked thermoresponsive (TR) gels form a special class of hydrogels that swell noticeably below their volume phase transition temperature Tc and shrink above Tc. As the critical temperature is weakly affected by the preparation conditions and molar fractions of monomers and crosslinkers in the pre‐gel solution, a facile method to modulate Tc (which is required for biomedical applications of TR gels and their use as temperature‐triggered actuators) is to incorporate relatively small amounts of neutral monomers whose hydrophilicity differs from that of the basic monomers. Although observations on copolymer gels confirm the effectiveness of this method, the molar fractions of comonomers necessary for the tuning of Tc remain unknown. A model was developed for the mechanical response and equilibrium swelling of TR gels. Adjustable parameters in the governing relations were found by fitting equilibrium swelling diagrams for poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) homopolymer and copolymer gels. Good agreement is demonstrated between the experimental data and the results of simulation. Based on the model, an analytical formula is derived that expresses the volume phase transition temperature in terms of the molar fraction of comonomers. Its ability to predict the critical temperature is confirmed by comparison with observations on several copolymer gels. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry