bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exfoliation Chemistry of Soft Layered Materials toward Tailored 2D Materials
Authors: Oaki Yuya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Exfoliation of layered materials provides nanosheets, such as monolayers and few-layers. In recent years, nanosheets have attracted much interest as two-dimensional (2D) materials for their diverse properties and applications originating from the anisotropic characteristic structures. Exfoliation methods have been developed depending on the types of interactions between the layers, such as van der Waals and electrostatic interactions. The present review focuses on exfoliation chemistry based on rigid and soft natures of the layered materials. The rigid inorganic layered compounds are converted to the soft layered materials with interaction of organic guests. The surface-functionalized nanosheets are obtained by exfoliation of the soft layered composites with dispersion in organic media. The exfoliation behavior is governed by the flexibility of the precursor layered materials, i.e. interaction between the interlayer guest and dispersion medium. Although exfoliation is generally an uncontrollable top-down process, materials informatics on our own experimental small data assists elucidation of the control factors toward tailored 2D materials. The exfoliation schemes are applied to a variety of layered materials. The present review shows potential new insights for exfoliation chemistry of soft layered materials.
Combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium – MRI features of a rare paediatric intraocular tumour
Authors: Waelti Stephan , Fischer Tim , Sturm Veit , Heckmann Jan 
Published: November 2020

Combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium is a rare benign ocular tumour in children, composed of glial cells, vascular tissue, and sheets of pigmented epithelial cells. Although generally thought to be congenital, acquired cases are known to exist. It usually presents with reduced visual acuity and/or strabismus and it can be associated with several syndromes, including Neurofibromatosis Type 2. There is no consensus on the management of combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium.We present a case, including MRI features, of a 4,5-years-old girl with a combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium.
Steps Ahead: optimising physical activity in adults with cystic fibrosis: Study Protocol for a pilot randomised trial using wearable technology, goal setting and text message feedback.
Authors: Curran Maire , Tierney Audrey C. , Collins Louise , Kennedy Lauren , McDonnell Ciara , Jurascheck Andrew J. , Sheikhi Ali , Walsh Cathal , Button Brenda , Galvin Rose , Casserly Brian , Cahalan Roisin 
Published: November 2020

Background: Physical activity (PA) and exercise are widely documented as key components in the management of cystic fibrosis (CF). In recent years there have been significant improvements in telehealth, in particular; wearable technology, smartphone use and remote monitoring, all of which may have potential to impact on PA in adults with CF. The objective of this pilot randomised trial is to explore the effect of wearable technology, which is remotely monitored, combined with personalised text message feedback and goal setting, on PA in adults with CF. Secondary endpoints include lung function, aerobic capacity, quality of life, body composition, wellbeing and sleep. Methods: This is a pilot randomised trial which will be conducted at the University Hospital Limerick, Ireland. Participants will be randomised to the intervention or active comparator after their baseline assessment. The 12-week intervention will consist of wearable technology (Fitbit Charge 2) which is linked to an online monitoring system (Fitabase) that enables the physiotherapist to remotely monitor participant data. The CF physiotherapist will set individualised PA goals with each participant at baseline and will send text message feedback each week. The text messages will be personalised, one-way texts with positive reinforcement on step count attained by the participant. The active comparator group will receive this wearable technology which is also linked to Fitabase; however, no feedback will be provided to participants in this group. Both groups will be re-assessed at 12 weeks. After this point, both groups will continue with the Fitbit alone for a further 12 weeks. Both groups will be re-assessed at 24 weeks. A semi structured interview will assess satisfaction and acceptability of the intervention. Discussion: This is a novel concept which utilises modern technology, remote monitoring and personalised feedback to investigate the effect on PA in adults with CF. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03672058 (14/09/2018)
Implementing a National Approach to Research Ethics Review during a Pandemic – the Irish Experience
Authors: Sheehy Aileen , Ralph James Jennifer , Horgan Mary 
Published: November 2020

The surge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) research studies involving human participants in response to the pandemic has meant that research ethics committees across the world have been challenged to adapt their processes to meet demand while retaining high standards of review. Ethics review during this pandemic remains essential to ensure the safety, dignity and well-being of research participants, however research ethics committees are now faced with new, and often complex, ethics considerations and logistical challenges. This Open Letter looks specifically at the Irish experience of establishing a national approach to research ethics review amidst a global pandemic. This represents Ireland’s first National Research Ethics Committee, which provided the research community with an expedited and ‘single national opinion’ for ethics review for COVID-related research. The insights gleaned and lessons learned from the Irish experience may inform emergency responses to future pandemics or public health emergencies.
Anticipatory Counseling About Miscarriage Management in Catholic Hospitals: A Qualitative Exploration of Women's Preferences
Authors: Wingo Erin E. , Wascher Jocelyn M. , Stulberg Debra B. , Freedman Lori R. 
Published: November 2020

CONTEXTCatholic hospitals represent a large and growing segment of U.S. health care. Because these facilities follow doctrines that restrict reproductive health services, including miscarriage management options when a fetal heartbeat is present, it is critical to understand whether and how women would want to learn about miscarriage treatment restrictions from providers.METHODSFrom May 2018 to January 2019, semistructured interviews were conducted with 31 women aged 21–44 who had had exposure to religious‐based health care; all were drawn from a nationally representative survey sample. Participants responded to a hypothetical scenario regarding the anticipatory disclosure of miscarriage management policy during routine prenatal care. Responses were inductively coded and thematically analyzed using modified grounded theory to understand women's attitudes and considerations related to receiving anticipatory miscarriage management information.RESULTSRespondents supported the routine disclosure of miscarriage management policies during prenatal care. Some expressed concern that this might increase patient anxiety during pregnancy, but most felt that the information would serve to prepare and empower patients, and likened the topic to other anticipatory health information provided during prenatal care. Identified themes related to how providers can disclose this information (including the need for a precautionary framing to reduce patient stress), sharing the rationale for institutional policy, and the importance of provider neutrality to ensure patient autonomy.CONCLUSIONSTo respect patient autonomy, health care providers working in Catholic hospitals should routinely discuss institutional miscarriage management policies with patients, and anticipatory counseling should give patients the balanced information they need to decide where to go for care should pregnancy complications arise.
A simple method to estimate flow restriction for dual ventilation of dissimilar patients: The BathRC model
Authors: Plummer Andrew R. , du Bois Jonathan L. , Flynn Joseph M. , Roesner Jens , Lee Siu Man , Magee Patrick , Thornton Malcolm , Padkin Andrew , Gill Harinderjit S. 
Published: November 2020

Background
With large numbers of COVID-19 patients requiring mechanical ventilation and ventilators possibly being in short supply, in extremis two patients may have to share one ventilator. Careful matching of patient ventilation requirements is necessary. However, good matching is difficult to achieve as lung characteristics can have a wide range and may vary over time. Adding flow restriction to the flow path between ventilator and patient gives the opportunity to control the airway pressure and hence flow and volume individually for each patient. This study aimed to create and validate a simple model for calculating required flow restriction.

Methods and findings
We created a simple linear resistance-compliance model, termed the BathRC model, of the ventilator tubing system and lung allowing direct calculation of the relationships between pressures, volumes, and required flow restriction. Experimental measurements were made for parameter determination and validation using a clinical ventilator connected to two test lungs. For validation, differing amounts of restriction were introduced into the ventilator circuit. The BathRC model was able to predict tidal lung volumes with a mean error of 4% (min:1.2%, max:9.3%).

Conclusion
We present a simple model validated model that can be used to estimate required flow restriction for dual patient ventilation. The BathRC model is freely available; this tool is provided to demonstrate that flow restriction can be readily estimated.
Models and data are available at DOI 10.15125/BATH-00816.
Boundary value problems associated with singular strongly nonlinear equations with functional terms
Authors: Biagi Stefano , Calamai Alessandro , Marcelli Cristina , Papalini Francesca 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study boundary value problems associated with singular, strongly nonlinear differential equations with functional terms of type(Φ(k(t)x′(t)))′+f(t,Gx(t))ρ(t,x′(t))=0,$$\big({\it \Phi}(k(t)\,x'(t))\big)' + f(t,{{\mathcal{G}}}_x(t))\,\rho(t, x'(t)) = 0,$$on a compact interval [a,b]. These equations are quite general due to the presence of a strictly increasing homeomorphismΦ, the so-calledΦ-Laplace operator, of a non-negative functionk, which may vanish on a set of null measure, and moreover of a functional term Gx. We look for solutions, in a suitable weak sense, which belong to the Sobolev spaceW1,1([a,b]). Under the assumptions of the existence of a well-ordered pair of upper and lower solutions and of a suitable Nagumo-type growth condition, we prove an existence result by means of fixed point arguments.
Radioiodination and biological evaluation of Cimetidine as a new highly selective radiotracer for peptic ulcer disorder detection
Authors: Sanad Mahmoud H. , Challan Safaa B. , Marzook Fawzy A. , Abd-Elhaliem Sayed M. , Marzook Ebtisam A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOne of the most famous techniques for stomach ulcer imaging is the nuclear imaging technique. We aim to focus on the synthesis of125I-cimetidine (125I-cim) as an agent for peptic ulcer imaging. Cimetidine was labeled with Iodine-125 using a different oxidizing agent (Ch-T, NBS). All factors affecting the labeling yield were optimized. The radiochemical yield of125I-cim was 98 ± 0.22% at optimum conditions.In vitrostability,in vivobiodistribution of125I-cimetidine was studied in three groups: control group, pretreated group, and ulcer bearing group.In vivobiodistribution studies of125I-cim revealed high uptake in the stomach ulcer, reaching about 75.4 ± 1.2% ID/g at 15 min post-injection, than pretreated groups compared to the control. The results showed the suitability of using125I-cimetidine for stomach ulcer imaging.
Text Emendations in Ethiopic Manuscript NLM 27 (National Archives and Library Agency, Addis Abeba)
Authors: Demissie Yosef 
Published: November 2020

The paper investigates the phenomenon of textual corrections in Ethiopic manuscripts at the example of some cases documented in the collection of the National Archives and Library Agency, Addis Abeba. The case-study of the MS NLM 27 (Pauline Epistles) is presented more in detail.
Hemisection of the first-molars mandibula: a case report
Authors: Widiadnyani Ni Kadek Eka 
Published: November 2020

Background:Â Hemisection is an endodontic surgery performed by removing one or more roots and existing crown structures to increase retention of the remaining teeth and to correct defected dental roots that are not possible to maintain. This study aims to evaluate the treatment of hemisection in the lower left first molar in the mesial tooth root with the restoration of the splint crown end with tooth 35 as retention at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.Â Case Description:Â Male patient aged 21 years, in tooth 36 there is a cavity with a temporary restoration accompanied by a periodontal abscess. Teeth are sensitive to percussion tests and palpation, mobility is normal. Radiographic features appear to be perforated in the furcation section, and furcation involvement. Diagnosis of teeth 36 pulp necrosis is accompanied by abscess periodontal. During the first visit periodontal abscess drainage was performed, followed by functional crown lengthening in the periodontia. After one week of observation, there were no complaints, continued treatment of the distal root canal until the root canal filling. The next visit was carried out hemisection surgery in the form of separation of root bifurcation and extraction of mesial roots to the existing crown structure. Two months after the surgical procedure was evaluated, there was a good increase in bone density and no complaints. Then, the tapered serrated post was accompanied by the manufacture of composite core and final restoration using PFM crown splint with tooth 35 as retention.Â Conclusion:Â Surgical treatment of hemisection is a reliable alternative solution and has a good prognosis because it can maintain dental and periodontal tissue as long as possible without tooth extraction.
The effects of ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa oleifera leaves on kidney and liver function in sepsis rat model
Authors: Sumandjar Tatar , Purwanto Bambang , Riswanto Riswanto , Rahman Arif 
Published: November 2020

Backgrounds: Life-threatening organ dysfunction such as sepsis often happens in developing and developed countries. Ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa oleifera leaf (MO-EA fraction) is claimed by several studies to be able to control inflammation and oxidative stress.Objective: This study aims explore the effect of MO-EA fraction in improving the liver and kidney function in sepsis rat model.Materials and Methods: This study is an experimental research using sepsis rat model. The research was conducted on a total of 66 white Wistar rats aged 3-4 months, weighing 200-300 grams, randomly allocated into nine treatment groups, negative, and normal control groups. The treatment and the negative control group received LPS induction to reproduce the inflammation stress during a sepsis. The treatment groups receive various daily dose of MO-EA fraction starting of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kgBW. The measured outcome were serum creatinine, ureum, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SPGT).Results:Â There are statistically significant differences of the level of ureum, creatinine, SGOT, and SPGT between various treatment group receiving various dose of MO-EA fraction and negative and normal control group within seven days after LPS induction. Î±=0.05. Conclusion: The serum level of ureum, creatinine, SGOT and SGPT in the sepsis rats administered with MO-EA were lower than the control group. The best MO-EA fraction is A2 which was 20 mg/kgBW/day given from 5 days before the LPS induction continuing to the seventh day after the LPS induction. MO-EA fraction supplementation may have a potential as a preventive therapy for endothelial stress in sepsis rat model.
Incidental radiographic finding of charm needle or â€œsusukâ€ in orthodontic panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiograph: a case report
Authors: Walianto Surwandi , Wiwekowati Wiwekowati , Rahina Yudha 
Published: November 2020

Background: The most common radiographic examinations in orthodontic are panoramic and lateral cephalometry. In panoramic and lateral cephalometric images in adult patients, sometimes can be found a fine foreign object which sometimes confuses as it scattered the radiographic image, such as needles. The needles found in the patients are known as â€œsusukâ€ in Malay and Indonesian language or charm needles which believed to enhance beauty, charism, health, youth, luck, and to relieve pain. This case reports aim to elaborate the incidental radiographic finding of charm needle or â€œsusukâ€ in orthodontic panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiograph.Case Description:Â There was four adult woman conducted panoramic and cephalometric radiograph as a routine procedure before orthodontic treatment. The number of susuk inserted were varied, as it considered that the more needle increases the magical potency. In Case 1, the panoramic image depicts one â€œsusukâ€ in the middle of the root of 44 (FDI notation) tooth. Besides, the cephalometric radiographs also show a â€œsusukâ€ horizontally inserted at the root of the anterior lower teeth area. The panoramic image reveals one susuk around chin area below the apex of 42 teeth on Case 2 as well as on the soft tissue chin area in front of the apex of 41 teeth on cephalometric radiographs. In Case 3, two â€œsusukâ€ were found inserted bilaterally symmetric at the upper premolar area by the panoramic image. Then, five â€œsusukâ€ in the mandible and four â€œsusukâ€ at the upper area of the maxilla were found in Case 4 by the panoramic image.Â Conclusion:Â The susuk are often exposed as incidental findings in panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs that are taken before performing routine orthodontic treatments. Understanding the presence of susuk is essential to avoid misdiagnosis and mismanagement and help radiologists to prevent confusion while interpreting images.
Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) on testicular damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Hermilasari Rista Dwi , Rizal Dicky Moch , Wirohadidjojo Yohanes Widodo 
Published: November 2020

Background:Â Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a condition which could lead to induce testicular damage due to oxidative stress by hyperglycemic stress. Several therapies have been elucidated to reduce the testicular damage; one of them is Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP). PRP has known growth factor properties which may serve potential effects in the tissue regeneration. This study aims to determine the role of PRP on testes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by evaluating itsÂ impact on testosterone serum level.Methods:Â A randomized clinical trial with control group design has been conducted among 20 rats in this study. The sample of rats was divided into four groups such as control, DM (streptozotocin-induced), DM-InsÂ (treated with insulin daily), and DM-Ins-PRP (treated with insulin daily and PRP thrice in 2 weeks). Six weeks later, the testosterone level was measured by ELISA, and the right testis was collected for histopathology findings. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 for Windows.Â Results:Â The testes weight in the control group was 1.61Â±0.37 grams, followed by DM group (0.86Â±0.22 grams), DM-Ins group (1.15Â±0.25 grams), and DM-Ins-PRP group (1.09Â±0.36 grams). DM reduced testicular weight, seminiferous tubules diameter, the thickness of the epitheliumÂ and testosterone serum level significantly (p<0.05) compared with control. PRP administration increases the thickness of seminiferous epithelium (p<0.05) significantly. Besides, it also increased the testicular weight, tubules diameter, lumen diameter, and testosterone serum level, but not significant (p>0.05).Conclusion:Â The administration of PRP showed a significant role in repairing testicular damage among diabetic rats.
The effect of cryopreservation technique in a very low number sperm count at Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Marthasari Rossy Sintya , Agustinus Agustinus , Supardi Supardi , Hinting Aucky , Iâ€™tishom Reny 
Published: November 2020

Background:Â The massive development of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) offers new hope for the infertile couple. However, the advanced storage methods to preserve the quality of sperm has been raising by cryopreservation technique. This study aims to analyze the motility rate, recovery rate, and viability in subgroups of cryopreserved spermatozoa from the oligozoospermic patient as the quality parameter.Method:Â A true-experimental study by pre-test and post-test group design was conducted among 13 oligozoospermic patients with a very low sperm counts at Medical Biology Laboratory Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. Parameters assessed in this study include motility, viability, and concentration of spermatozoa according to Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Sperm 5th edition. The samples were divided into 4 groups such as Group 1 (71-100 sperm), Group 2 (31-70 sperm), Group 3 (11-30 sperm), and Group 4 (1-10 sperm) based on sperm counts which underwent 30 repetitions of cryopreservation. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17 for Windows.Â Results:Â There was a significant difference in the recovery rate among Group 1 (34.88Â±1.87), Group 2 (44.77Â±1.89), Group 3 (61.83Â±2.09), and Group 4 (70.90Â±2.71) of cryopreservation technique (P<0.001). However, there was no significantly different in the motility rate of sperm-cryopreservation technique among Group 1 (65.60Â±14.63), Group 2 (52.50Â±26.28), Group 3 (39.90Â±9.95), and Group 4 (44.70Â±41.77) (p=0.070). Based on the sperm-viability parameter assessed in this study, there was no significant difference among Group 1 (56.40Â±3.89), Group 2 (58.60Â±5.99), Group 3 (59.60Â±9.96), and Group 4 (56.70Â±11.30) (p=0.504).Conclusions:Â The sperm-cryopreservation technique significantly affected the recovery rate of very low sperm number count among groups. However, there was no significantly different in the motility rate and viability parameter in this study.Â