bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HbS/β+ thalassemia: Really a mild disease? A National survey from the AIEOP Sickle Cell Disease Study Group with genotype‐phenotype correlation
Authors: Notarangelo Lucia Dora , Agostini Annalisa , Casale Maddalena , Samperi Piera , Arcioni Francesco , Gorello Paolo , Perrotta Silverio , Masera Nicoletta , Barone Angelica , Bertoni Elisa , Bonetti Elisa , Burnelli Roberta , Casini Tommaso , Del Vecchio Giovanni Carlo , Filippini Beatrice , Giona Fiorina , Giordano Paola , Gorio Chiara , Marchina Eleonora , Nardi Margherita , Petrone Angela , Colombatti Raffaella , Sainati Laura , Russo Giovanna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesHbS/β+ patients’ presence in Italy increased due to immigration; these patients are clinically heterogeneous, and specific guidelines are lacking. Our aim is to describe a cohort of HbS/β+ patients, with genotype‐phenotype correlation, in order to offer guidance for clinical management of such patients.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of HbS/β+ patients among 15 AIEOP Centres.ResultsA total of 41 molecularly confirmed S/β+ patients were enrolled (1‐55 years, median 10.9) and classified on β+ mutation: IVS‐I‐110, IVS‐I‐6, promoter, and “others.” Prediagnostic events included VOC 16/41 (39%), ACS 6/41 (14.6%), sepsis 3/41 (3.7%), and avascular necrosis 3/41 (7,3%). Postdiagnostic events were VOC 22/41 (53.6% %), sepsis 4/41 (9.7%), ACS 4/41 (9.7%), avascular necrosis 3/41 (7.3%), aplastic crisis 2/41 (4.8%), stroke 1/41 (2.4%), ACS 1/41 (2.4%), and skin ulcerations 1/41 (2.4%). The IVS‐I‐110 group presented the lowest median age at first SCD‐related event (P = .02 vs promoter group) and the higher median number of severe events/year (0.26 events/patient/year) (P = .01 vs IVS‐I‐6 and promoter groups). Promoter group presented a specific skeletal phenotype. Treatment regimen applied was variable among the centers.ConclusionsHbS/β+ is not always a mild disease. Patients with IVS‐I‐110 mutation could benefit from a standard of care like SS and S/β° patients. Standardization of treatment is needed.
Comparisons of direct and indirect utilities in adult epilepsy populations: A systematic review
Authors: Foster Emma , Chen Zhibin , Ofori‐Asenso Richard , Norman Richard , Carney Patrick , O'Brien Terence J. , Kwan Patrick , Liew Danny , Ademi Zanfina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy is common and carries substantial morbidity, and therefore identifying cost‐effective health interventions is essential. Cost‐utility analysis is a widely used method for such analyses. For this, health conditions are rated in terms of utilities, which provide a standardized score to reflect quality of life. Utilities are obtained either indirectly using quality of life questionnaires, or directly from patients or the general population. We sought to describe instruments used to estimate utilities in epilepsy populations, and how results differ according to methods used.MethodsWe undertook a systematic review of studies comparing at least two instruments for obtaining utilities in epilepsy populations. MEDLINE, Embase, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and gray literature were searched from inception to June 2019. Mean utilities were recorded and compared for each method.ResultsOf the 38 unique records initially identified, eight studies met inclusion criteria. Utilities were highest for direct "tradeoff" methods, obtained via instruments including standard gamble (0.93) and time tradeoff (0.92), compared to indirect methods, obtained via instruments including EuroQoL five‐dimensional form (range = 0.72‐0.86) and Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (range = 0.52‐0.71). Visual analog scale (VAS), a direct "nontradeoff" instrument, provided equal or lower utilities (range = 68.0‐79.8) compared to indirect instruments.SignificanceDirect methods, with the important exception of VAS, may provide higher utilities than indirect methods. More studies are needed to identify the most appropriate utility instruments for epilepsy populations, and to investigate whether there is variation between utilities for different types of epilepsy and other patient‐ and disease‐specific factors.
“One thing leads to another”, but where? – Gateway cities and the geography of production linkages
Authors: Breul Moritz , Revilla Diez Javier 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough it has been argued that current configurations of extractive industries provide opportunities for developing production linkages, in other words, that “one thing leads to another”, these opportunities are not necessarily realised directly in the resource‐holding countries. This article aims to explain why the greater opportunities for creating increased production linkages may remain unrealised. While existing research on production linkages is characterised by a national scale mode of analysis, this article examines production linkages in the resource‐poor gateway city of Singapore that are intended to serve oil and gas operations at the macro‐regional level in Indonesia and Vietnam. The results reveal that a significant depth and breadth of production linkages have unfolded in Singapore, highlighting that in particular sophisticated production linkages tend to have a broader geographic scope. Moreover, the analysis identifies factors that have shifted the territorial scale of labour‐intensive and low‐technology production linkages from a macro‐regional towards a national or subnational level, to the advantage of the resource‐holding countries. These insights add some complexity to the study of production‐linkage development and emphasise the need for a multi‐scalar perspective that does not stop at national borders.
‘The group was the only therapy which supported my needs, because it helped me feel normal and I was able to speak out with a voice’: A qualitative study of an integrated group treatment for dual diagnosis service users within a community mental health setting
Authors: Chilton John , Crone Diane M. , Tyson Phiip John 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhilst the evidence for the efficacy of treatment interventions for individuals with dual diagnosis has been developing in recent decades, little is known about individual perceptions and the personal benefits of attending integrated treatment programmes within this population group. A qualitative methodology, Interpretive phenomenological analysis, was used to investigate the experiences of individuals with a range of complex mental health and coexisting substance misuse problems who took part in a psychoeducational group (PEG) programme. This comprised of social support and therapeutic peer group relationship facilitation. Semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with 15 service users who successfully participated in this treatment programme. Findings identify the complexity of the therapeutic process and understanding of the treatment from the service users perspective. This included the importance of forming meaningful therapeutic relationships as an influential factor in countering a range of distressing and incompatible environmental and situational stressors, such as self‐regulatory control, self‐awareness of a need for change and the importance of integrated treatment in reducing the sense of stigma and exclusion linked with using mental health services. The study findings support the use of integrated treatment programmes in mental health services with a dual diagnosis population group.
Correlation between neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and kidney dysfunction in undiagnosed hypertensive population from general health checkup
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhao Hai Yan , Zhang Yin Hua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecently, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR) are frequently used to evaluate disease progression and outcome. Here, we aim to analyze the associations between NLR or MLR and kidney function in undiagnosed hypertensive individuals from general population during routine health checkup. Liver function was analyzed for comparison. From 2011 to 2016, 53 939 examiners have registered for health checkup in Yanbian University Hospital, Yanbian, China. Among 15 219 participants who have complete datasets, 4997 individuals were hypertensive (HTN, SBP/DBP: ≥ 140/90 mm Hg). NLR, glucose, lipids (Chol, TG, LDL), kidney (CREA, BUN), and liver (AST, ALT, GGT, ALB, TBIL) functional parameters were significantly higher in HTN. Pearman correlation analysis showed that NLR was positively correlated with SBP and CREA only in HTN. MLR was associated with CREA in both HTN and non‐HTN. NLR or MLR was associated with liver functions similarly in HTN and non‐HTN. The authors then divided NLR or MLR into tertiles (NLR: 0‐1.7276, 1.7276‐3, >3; MLR: 0‐0.1845, 0.1845‐0.3, >0.3). NLR was positively associated with BUN at NLR >1.7276 and with CREA at all tertiles in HTN. MLR was correlated with CREA and BUN at high MLR in non‐HTN. Further analysis showed that age or gender did not affect the associations of NLR and MLR with kidney function in HTN, but strong association was observed in male or aged (>65 years old) non‐HTN group. These results showed that NLR could be used as a cost‐effective predictor of kidney abnormality in HTN patients even in a general population.
A new way to reduce the pain of ultherapy treatment
Authors: Liu Hongtao , Zhong Guihong , Liang Lunling , Zhang Mingqi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article describes a case of using intravenous sufentanil in treatment of ultherapy to achieve satisfactory analgesic effect. Further rearchis need to find a convenient, safe and practical method to solve the problem of pain caused by ultherapy treatment.
One‐Stage Arthroplasty or Revision for Seronegative Infections in Hip and Knee
Authors: Wang Hao‐yang , Zhang, MD Rui , Luo Ze‐yu , Wang, MD, PhD Duan , Pei Fu‐xing , Tang Xin , Zhou Zong‐ke 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo assess the safety and effectiveness of one‐stage total joint arthroplasty (TJA) or revision for seronegative infections after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsThis retrospective study included a total of 495 patients who had undergone one‐stage total joint (hip or knee) arthroplasty or revision with a diagnosis of osteoarthritis secondary to sepsis, osteoarthritis or osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) secondary to internal fixation surgery of the hip joint, and one‐stage revision for prosthesis loosening after THA or TKA from January 2012 to December 2016. Bacterial cultures were taken from all patients (from joint fluid or articular cavity fluid and four to six different parts of soft tissues) during the operation. If the cultures were positive, patients received antibiotic treatment. Microbiology results from surgical samples, clinical evaluations, SF‐12 score (physical component summary [PCS] and mental component summary [MCS]), Harris hip score (HHS) or Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, and patients' satisfaction was recorded at every follow‐up session.ResultsA total of 24 patients had a positive result for bacterial culture (4.85%). The bacterial culture results showed that there were 19 cases (79.16%) of gram‐positive cocci (Staphylococcus aureus), 4 cases (16.67%) of gram‐negative bacilli, and 1 case (4.17%) of fungi. For at least 24 months (mean 35 months) follow‐up, no reinfection was discovered. The mean HHS or HSS score improved significantly from 36.29 points preoperatively to 84.21 points postoperatively (P < 0.001). The mean PCS score improved from 10.15 preoperatively to 20.34 postoperatively, and the mean MCS from 13.22 preoperatively to 21.76 postoperatively, with significant differences. Most of the patients were satisfied.ConclusionOne‐stage arthroplasty or revision with exhaustive debridement, adequate dosage, and duration of sensitive antibiotics is safe and effective for patients who have seronegative infection of hip or knee joints.
Impaired early visual categorization of fear in social anxiety
Authors: Meynadasy Melissa , Clancy Kevin , Ke Zijun , Simon Jessica , Wu Wei , Li Wen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSocial anxiety is associated with biased social perception, especially of ambiguous cues. While aberrations in high‐level processes (e.g., cognitive appraisal and interpretation) have been implicated in such biases, contributions of early, low‐level stimulus processing remain unclear. Categorical perception represents an efficient process to resolve signal ambiguity, and categorical emotion perception can swiftly classify sensory input, “tagging” biologically important stimuli at early stages of processing to facilitate ecological response. However, early threat categorization could be disrupted by exaggerated (or disinhibited) threat processing in anxiety, resulting in biased perception of ambiguous signals. We tested this hypothesis among individuals with low and high trait social anxiety (LSA/HSA; defined relative to the current sample), who performed a two‐alternative forced‐choice (fear or neutral) task on facial expressions parametrically varied along a neutral‐fear continuum. The groups diverged in the reaction time (RT) profile along the neutral‐fear continuum, which was characteristic of categorical perception in the LSA (vs. HSA) group with drastically increased RT from neutral to intermediate (boundary) fear intensities, contrasting monotonic, nonsignificant RT changes in the HSA group. Neurometric analysis along the continuum identified an early neutral‐fear categorization operation (arising in the P1, an early visual ERP at 100 ms), which was nonetheless impaired in the HSA group (due to disinhibited response at the neutral‐fear boundary). Absent group differences in higher‐level cognitive operations (identified by later ERPs), current findings highlight a dispositional cognitive vulnerability in early visual categorization of social threat, which could precipitate further cognitive aberrations and, eventually, the onset of social anxiety disorder.
Evaluating clerkship competency without exams
Authors: Cianciolo Anna T , Hingle Susan , Hudali Tamer , Beason Austin M 
Published: December 2019

SummaryBackgroundUsing examination scores for grading clerkship threatens students’ engagement at a time when clinical immersion is critical for socialising into medicine. Narratives of student performance, composed during training by multiple preceptors across diverse settings, may be used to judge competence instead. Preceptor commentary is not trusted as a basis for grading, but the alignment between performance narratives and examination scores has not yet been investigated.MethodsPerformance data were gathered retrospectively from five cohorts of internal medicine clerkship students at one institution. The correlation between end‐of‐rotation examination scores and the grading committee's ratings of student competency based on preceptors’ comments was examined. Patterns in the performance narratives of high‐ and low‐scoring students were also explored.ResultsThe grading committee's narrative‐based ratings of student competence were correlated with examination scores. The majority of preceptors’ comments were positive and professionalism‐oriented, although students who scored lowest on exams received fewer comments overall and more recommendations for improvement than their highest‐scoring peers. Recommendations for the lowest‐scoring students equally emphasised knowledge, clinical skill and professionalism, whereas recommendations to highest‐scoring students emphasised knowledge and clinical skill at more than twice the rate of professionalism.DiscussionClerkship preceptors’ narratives of student performance can inform competency judgements that are grounded in actual workplace learning and are related to the independent examination of knowledge and clinical performance. Using performance narratives as the basis for grading may be a viable approach to balancing learning and assessment needs during core clerkship block rotations.
Assessing the effect of temporal dynamics on urban growth simulation: Towards an asynchronous cellular automata
Authors: Abolhasani Somaie , Taleai Mohammad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTime is a fundamental dimension in urban dynamics, but the effect of various definitions of time on urban growth models has rarely been evaluated. In urban growth models such as cellular automata (CA), time has typically been defined as a sequence of discrete time steps. However, most urban growth processes such as land‐use changes are asynchronous. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of various temporal dynamics scenarios on urban growth simulation, in terms of urban land‐use planning, and to introduce an asynchronous parcel‐based cellular automata (AParCA) model. In this study, eight different scenarios were generated to investigate the impact of temporal dynamics on CA‐based urban growth models, and their outputs were evaluated using various urban planning indicators. The obtained results show that different degrees of temporal dynamics lead to various patterns appearing in urban growth CA models, and the application of asynchronous (event‐driven) CA models achieves better simulation results than synchronous models.
Toxoplasma gondii: How fatal is it in pediatric allogeneic bone marrow transplantation setting?
Authors: Komitopoulou Anna , Goussetis Evgenios , Oikonomopoulou Christina , Paisiou Anna , Kaisari Katerina , Ioannidou Eleni , Sipsas Nikolaos V. , Kosmidis Helen , Vessalas Georgios , Peristeri Ioulia , Kitra Vassiliki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractToxoplasmosis is a disease of the immunocompetent population. However, cases of toxoplasma infection associated with immunosuppression have been reported, especially the first months after transplantation. Limited data are available about toxoplasma infection, occurring even many months post‐transplant in pediatric patients with nonmalignant and malignant diseases. We report the cases of three patients with early and late disseminated toxoplasmosis and review the literature.
Dormancy cycling: translation‐related transcripts are the main difference between dormant and non‐dormant seeds in the field
Authors: Buijs Gonda , Vogelzang Afke , Nijveen Harm , Bentsink Leónie 
Published: December 2019

SummaryPrimary seed dormancy is a mechanism that orchestrates the timing of seed germination in order to prevent out‐of‐season germination. Secondary dormancy can be induced in imbibed seeds when they encounter prolonged unfavourable conditions. Secondary dormancy is not induced during dry storage, and therefore the mechanisms underlying this process have remained largely unexplored. Here, a 2‐year seed burial experiment in which dormancy cycling was studied at the physiological and transcriptional level is presented. For these analyses six different Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes were used: Landsberg erecta (Ler) and the dormancy associated DELAY OF GERMINATION (DOG) near‐isogenic lines 1, 2, 3, 6 and 22 (NILDOG1, 2, 3, 6 and 22). The germination potential of seeds exhumed from the field showed that these seeds go through dormancy cycling and that the dynamics of this cycling is genotype dependent. RNA‐seq analysis revealed large transcriptional changes during dormancy cycling, especially at the time points preceding shifts in dormancy status. Dormancy cycling is driven by soil temperature and the endosperm is important in the perception of the environment. Genes that are upregulated in the low‐ to non‐dormant stages are enriched for genes involved in translation, indicating that the non‐dormant seeds are prepared for rapid seed germination.
The Earth BioGenome project: opportunities and challenges for plant genomics and conservation
Authors: Exposito‐Alonso Moises , Drost Hajk‐Georg , Burbano Hernán A. , Weigel Detlef 
Published: December 2019

SummarySequencing them all. That is the ambitious goal of the recently launched Earth BioGenome project (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115, 4325–4333), which aims to produce reference genomes for all eukaryotic species within the next decade. In this perspective, we discuss the opportunities of this project with a plant focus, but highlight also potential limitations. This includes the question of how to best capture all plant diversity, as the green taxon is one of the most complex clades in the tree of life, with over 300 000 species. For this, we highlight four key points: (i) the unique biological insights that could be gained from studying plants, (ii) their apparent underrepresentation in sequencing efforts given the number of threatened species, (iii) the necessity of phylogenomic methods that are aware of differences in genome complexity and quality, and (iv) the accounting for within‐species genetic diversity and the historical aspect of conservation genetics.
Exercise‐induced hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Cockcroft E. J. , Narendran P. , Andrews R. C. 
Published: December 2019

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
Hypoglycaemia is a commonly cited barrier to exercise in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Knowledge of approaches to prevent or manage exercise‐induced hypoglycaemia can support patients to exercise and help clinicians to give advice. This review presents evidence‐based strategies to prevent exercise‐induced hypoglycaemia in T1D.

What advances does it highlight?
This review highlights approaches that can be used before, during and after exercise to mitigate the risk of hypoglycaemia. The approaches include the timing of exercise, the type of exercise, adjustments to insulin and carbohydrate, use of novel technology and education.

AbstractExercise is a key component for the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, decreased daily insulin requirements and improved quality of life. Owing to these benefits, people with T1D are recommended to undertake regular physical activity, 150 min per week for adults and 60 min per day for children and adolescents. Despite the recommendations, many people do not meet these targets. One of the commonly cited barriers to exercise is fear of hypoglycaemia along with limited knowledge of effective preventative strategies. Hypoglycaemia can be difficult to predict, and symptoms are often masked during exercise or stress of competition. For athletes with T1D, hypoglycaemia can also limit sporting success. Hypoglycaemia before an event increases the risks of hypoglycaemia during competition and can reduce performance. To avoid hypoglycaemia, people with T1D may avoid exercise altogether or consume excessive amounts of carbohydrates, which mitigates many of the health benefits of exercise. Increased understanding of approaches to prevent or manage hypoglycaemia is therefore important to help increase levels of physical activity in people with T1D and to support athletes with T1D to compete at the highest level. This review outlines the prevalence of exercise‐related hypoglycaemia, its underlying physiology and the strategies that can be used to prevent and manage exercise‐induced hypoglycaemia in T1D. Our hope is that this knowledge will be used by people with T1D and their clinicians to find individual approaches to manage exercise‐related hypoglycaemia.