bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum image encryption based on Lorenz hyper-chaotic system
Authors: Zhou Ri-Gui , Li Ying-Bin 
Published: August 2020

According to the higher security of higher-dimensional chaotic system, a new scheme of quantum image encryption and decryption based on Lorenz hyper-chaotic system is proposed. The encryption process is mainly divided into two parts: the location information scrambling process and the color information replacement process. In the location information scrambling process, the pseudo-random sequence obtained by the Lorenz hyper-chaotic system is first sorted to obtain the corresponding position index sequence, and then the rows and columns of the position information are scrambled by the index sequence. In the process of color replacement, the change of pixel value is firstly diffused to each pixel through chaotic sequence, and then the information of each pixel is confused, so as to realize the process of color information replacement. Experimental analysis shows that the encryption scheme in this paper has a good effect.
Relationships between Breast Feeding and Breast Cancer Subtypes: Lessons Learned from Studies in Humans and in Mice
Authors: Ambrosone Christine B. , Higgins Michael J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
There are differential risk relationships between parity and breast cancer according to estrogen receptor (ER) status, with an increased risk of ER− disease reduced by breastfeeding. This may be particularly relevant for understanding the higher incidence of ER− tumors in Black women, who are more likely to be parous and less likely to breastfeed than other U.S. groups. Potential mechanisms for these relationships may include effects of disordered breast involution on inflammatory milieu in the breast as well as epigenetic reprogramming in the mammary gland, which can affect cell fate decisions in progenitor cell pools. In normal breast tissue, parity has been associated with hypermethylation of FOXA1, a pioneer transcription factor that promotes the luminal phenotype in luminal progenitors, while repressing the basal phenotype. In breast tumors, relationships between FOXA1 methylation and parity were strongest among women who did not breastfeed. Here, we summarize the epidemiologic literature regarding parity, breastfeeding, and breast cancer subtypes, and review potential mechanisms whereby these factors may influence breast carcinogenesis, with a focus on effects on progenitor cell pools in the mammary gland.
SUMOylation of E2F1 Regulates Expression of EZH2
Authors: Du Li , Fakih Marwan G. , Rosen Steven T. , Chen Yuan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Elevated expression of EZH2, the enzymatic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), often occurs in cancer. EZH2 expression results in the silencing of genes that suppress tumor formation and metastasis through trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) at their promoters. However, inhibitors of EZH2 enzymatic activity have not shown the expected efficacy against cancer in clinical trials, suggesting a need for other strategies to address EZH2 overexpression. Here, we show that SUMOylation, a posttranslational modification characterized by covalent attachment of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins to a lysine (Lys) residue on target proteins, enhances EZH2 transcription. Either knockdown of the SUMO-activating enzyme SAE2 or pharmacologic inhibition of SUMOylation resulted in decreased levels of EZH2 mRNA and protein as well as reduced H3K27me3 levels. SUMOylation regulated EZH2 expression by enhancing binding of the E2F1 transcriptional activator to the EZH2 promoter. Inhibition of SUMOylation not only resulted in reduced EZH2 mRNA and protein levels but also increased expression of genes silenced by EZH2, such as E-cadherin, which suppresses epithelial–mesenchymal transition and metastasis. In more than 6,500 patient tumor samples across different cancer types, expression of UBA2 and EZH2 was positively correlated. Taken together, our findings suggest that inhibition of SUMOylation may serve as a potential strategy to address EZH2 overexpression and improve current cancer therapeutic approaches.

Significance:
These findings provide important biological insights into the mechanism of EZH2 overexpression in cancers and suggest that inhibiting SUMOylation may improve current cancer therapeutic approaches.
Coffee Consumption and Invasive Breast Cancer Incidence among Postmenopausal Women in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort
Authors: Gapstur Susan M. , Gaudet Mia M. , Wang Ying , Hodge Rebecca A. , Um Caroline Y. , Hartman Terryl J. , McCullough Marjorie L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
There is limited evidence of a potential inverse association between coffee, particularly caffeinated coffee, consumption and postmenopausal breast cancer risk, and few studies have examined this association by tumor hormone receptor status. To provide further evidence, we examined total, caffeinated, and decaffeinated coffee consumption in relation to postmenopausal invasive breast cancer incidence overall, and by tumor estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) subtype.

Methods:
Among 57,075 postmenopausal women in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort who were cancer free and reported coffee intake in 1999, we identified 2,980 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer during follow-up through June 2015. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results:
Neither total, caffeinated, nor decaffeinated coffee consumption was associated with invasive breast cancer risk; HRs (95% CIs) comparing consumption of ≥2 cups per day with &lt;1 cup per month were 0.99 (0.89–1.11), 0.96 (0.87–1.06), and 1.06 (0.95–1.19), respectively. Similarly, coffee consumption was not associated with risk of hormone receptor–positive (ER+ or PR+) or hormone receptor–negative (ER− and PR−) breast tumors.

Conclusions:
These findings do not support an association between coffee consumption and invasive breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women.

Impact:
This large prospective study contributes to the limited evidence on coffee consumption and breast cancer risk, finding no association overall or by tumor receptor subtype.
Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of Romidepsin in Patients with Cancer and Hepatic Dysfunction: A National Cancer Institute Organ Dysfunction Working Group Study
Authors: Connolly Roisin M. , Laille Eric , Vaishampayan Ulka , Chung Vincent , Kelly Karen , Dowlati Afshin , Alese Olatunji B. , Harvey R. Donald , Haluska Paul , Siu Lillian L. , Kummar Shivaani , Piekarz Richard , Ivy S. Percy , Anders Nicole M. , Downs Melinda , O'Connor Ashley , Scardina Angela , Saunders Jacqueline , Rosner Gary L. , Carducci Michael A. , Rudek Michelle A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Romidepsin dosing recommendations for patients with malignancy and varying degrees of hepatic dysfunction was lacking at the time of regulatory approval for T-cell lymphoma. We conducted a multicenter phase I clinical trial (ETCTN-9008) via the NCI Organ Dysfunction Working Group to investigate safety, first cycle MTD, and pharmacokinetic profile of romidepsin in this setting.

Patients and Methods:
Patients with select advanced solid tumors or hematologic malignancies were stratified according to hepatic function. Romidepsin was administered intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle and escalation followed a 3 + 3 design in moderate and severe impairment cohorts. Blood samples for detailed pharmacokinetic analyses were collected after the first dose.

Results:
Thirty-one patients received one dose of romidepsin and were evaluable for pharmacokinetic analyses in normal (n = 12), mild (n = 8), moderate (n = 5), and severe (n = 6) cohorts. Adverse events across cohorts were similar, and dose-limiting toxicity occurred in two patients (mild and severe impairment cohorts). The MTD was not determined because the geometric mean AUC values of romidepsin in moderate (7 mg/m2) and severe (5 mg/m2) impairment cohort were 114% and 116% of the normal cohort (14 mg/m2).

Conclusions:
Data from the ETCTN-9008 trial led to changes in the romidepsin labeling to reflect starting dose adjustment for patients with cancer and moderate and severe hepatic impairment, with no adjustment for mild hepatic impairment.
Reconstrução de fratura panfacial cominuta
Authors: Santiago Larissa Rodrigues , Rodrigues Cristóvão Marcondes de Castro , Santos Daniela Meneses , Batista Jonas Dantas , Furtado Lair Mambrini , Rocha Flaviana Soares 
Published: August 2020

Modelo de estudo: Relato de Caso. Importância do problema: As fraturas panfaciais recebem essa denominação quando os terços faciais apresentam fraturas concomitantes. Com frequência, essas lesões estão relacionadas a danos importantes aos tecidos moles, cominuição e perda de segmentos ósseos e/ou dentários, que podem gerar má oclusão e graves deformidades faciais, visto que etiologia de tal condição se deve à acidentes de alta dissipação de energia. O tratamento das fraturas panfaciais com o uso de fixação interna rígida permite restaurar as funções mastigatórias, bem como os contornos faciais. Comentários: O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar a reconstrução de uma fratura panfacial, envolvendo a mandíbula e com elevado grau de cominuição do complexo zigomático orbitário e do arco zigomático, em uma paciente do sexo feminino, em que acesso hemicoronal e retromandibular foram escolhidos para reconstrução e reestruturação do complexo facial. Conclusão: O correto manejo das fraturas panfaciais, é um dos grandes desafios do cirurgião buco maxilo facial, visto o nível de dificuldade para reestabelecer de maneira satisfatória as condições estéticas e funcionais existentes previamente ao trauma. Diferentes sequências de tratamento vêm sendo propostas, podendo ser utilizadas com sucesso após análise adequada do caso clínico e correta indicação.
Association of Operator and Hospital Experience With Procedural Success Rates and Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions for Chronic Total Occlusions
Authors: Zein Rami , Seth Milan , Othman Hussein , Rosman Howard S. , Lalonde Thomas , Alaswad Khaldoon , Menees Daniel , Daher Edouard , Mehta Rajendra H. , Gurm Hitinder S. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
An inverse relationship has been described between procedural success and outcomes of all major cardiovascular procedures. However, this relationship has not been studied for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of chronic total occlusion (CTO).

Methods:
We analyzed the data on patients enrolled in Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Cardiovascular Consortium registry in Michigan (January 1, 2010 to March 31, 2018) to evaluate the association of operator and hospital experience with procedural success and outcomes of patients undergoing CTO-PCI. CTO-PCI was defined as intervention of a 100% occluded coronary artery presumed to be ≥3 months old.

Results:

Among 210 172 patients enrolled in the registry, 7389 (3.5%) CTO-PCIs were attempted with a success rate of 53%. CTO-PCI success increased with operator experience (45% and 65% in the lowest and highest experience tertiles) and was the highest for highly experienced operators at higher experience centers and the lowest for inexperienced operators at low experience hospitals. Multivariable logistic regression models (with spline transformed prior operator and institutional experience) demonstrated a positive relationship between prior operator and site experience and procedural success rates (likelihood ratio test=141.12, df=15,
P
<0.001) but no relationship between operator and site experience and major adverse cardiac event (likelihood ratio test=19.12, df=15,
P
=0.208).

Conclusions:
Operator and hospital CTO-PCI experiences were directly related to procedural success but were not related to major adverse cardiac event among patients undergoing CTO-PCIs. Inexperienced operators at high experience centers had significantly higher success but not major adverse cardiac event rates compared with inexperienced operators at low experience centers. These data suggested that CTO-PCI safety and success could potentially be improved by selective referral of these procedures to experienced operators working at highly experienced centers.
A Notch3-Marked Subpopulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Is the Cell of Origin for Occlusive Pulmonary Vascular Lesions
Authors: Steffes Lea C. , Froistad Alexis A. , Andruska Adam , Boehm Mario , McGlynn Madeleine , Zhang Fan , Zhang Wenming , Hou David , Tian Xuefei , Miquerol Lucile , Nadeau Kari , Metzger Ross J. , Spiekerkoetter Edda , Kumar Maya E. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease characterized by profound vascular remodeling in which pulmonary arteries narrow because of medial thickening and occlusion by neointimal lesions, resulting in elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and right heart failure. Therapies targeting the neointima would represent a significant advance in PAH treatment; however, our understanding of the cellular events driving neointima formation, and the molecular pathways that control them, remains limited.

Methods:
We comprehensively map the stepwise remodeling of pulmonary arteries in a robust, chronic inflammatory mouse model of pulmonary hypertension. This model demonstrates pathological features of the human disease, including increased right ventricular pressures, medial thickening, neointimal lesion formation, elastin breakdown, increased anastomosis within the bronchial circulation, and perivascular inflammation. Using genetic lineage tracing, clonal analysis, multiplexed in situ hybridization, immunostaining, deep confocal imaging, and staged pharmacological inhibition, we define the cell behaviors underlying each stage of vascular remodeling and identify a pathway required for neointima formation.

Results:
Neointima arises from smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and not endothelium. Medial SMCs proliferate broadly to thicken the media, after which a small number of SMCs are selected to establish the neointima. These neointimal founder cells subsequently undergoing massive clonal expansion to form occlusive neointimal lesions. The normal pulmonary artery SMC population is heterogeneous, and we identify a Notch3-marked minority subset of SMCs as the major neointimal cell of origin. Notch signaling is specifically required for the selection of neointimal founder cells, and Notch inhibition significantly improves pulmonary artery pressure in animals with pulmonary hypertension.

Conclusions:
This work describes the first nongenetically driven murine model of pulmonary hypertension (PH) that generates robust and diffuse occlusive neointimal lesions across the pulmonary vascular bed and does so in a stereotyped timeframe. We uncover distinct cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying medial thickening and neointima formation and highlight novel transcriptional, behavioral, and pathogenic heterogeneity within pulmonary artery SMCs. In this model, inflammation is sufficient to generate characteristic vascular pathologies and physiological measures of human PAH. We hope that identifying the molecular cues regulating each stage of vascular remodeling will open new avenues for therapeutic advancements in the treatment of PAH.
Diagnostic Yield of Electroanatomic Voltage Mapping in Guiding Endomyocardial Biopsies
Authors: Casella Michela , Dello Russo Antonio , Bergonti Marco , Catto Valentina , Conte Edoardo , Sommariva Elena , Gasperetti Alessio , Vettor Giulia , Tundo Fabrizio , Sicuso Rita , Rizzo Stefania , Mushtaq Saima , Della Rocca Domenico , Pompilio Giulio , Di Biase Luigi , Andreini Daniele , Natale Andrea , Basso Cristina , Tondo Claudio 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Electroanatomic voltage mapping (EVM) is a promising modality for guiding endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs). However, few data support its feasibility and safety. We now report the largest cohort of patients undergoing EVM-guided EMBs to show its diagnostic yield and to compare it with a cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)–guided approach.

Methods:
We included 162 consecutive patients undergoing EMB at our institution from 2010 to 2019. EMB was performed in pathological areas identified at EVM and CMR. CMR and EVM sensitivity and specificity regarding the identification of pathological substrates of myocardium were evaluated according to EMB results.

Results:
Preoperative CMR showed late gadolinium enhancement in 70% of the patients, whereas EVM identified areas of low voltage in 61%. Right (73%), left (19%), or both ventricles (8%) underwent sampling. EVM proved to have sensitivity similar to CMR (74% versus 77%), with specificity being 70% and 47%, respectively. In 12 patients with EMB-proven cardiomyopathy, EVM identified pathological areas that had been undetected at CMR evaluation. Sensitivity of pooled EVM and CMR was as high as 95%. EMB analysis allowed us to reach a new diagnosis, different from the suspected clinical diagnosis, in 39% of patients. The complications rate was low, mostly related to vascular access, with no patients requiring urgent management.

Conclusions:
EVM proved to be a promising tool for targeted EMB because of its sensitivity and specificity for identification of myocardial pathological substrates. EVM was demonstrated to have accuracy similar to CMR. EVM and CMR together conferred a positive predictive value of 89% on EMB.
Blood Pressure and Chronic Kidney Disease Stratified by Gender and the Use of Antihypertensive Drugs
Authors: Satoh Michihiro , Hirose Takuo , Nakayama Shingo , Murakami Takahisa , Takabatake Kyosuke , Asayama Kei , Imai Yutaka , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Mori Takefumi , Metoki Hirohito 
Published: August 2020

Background
The present study assessed the association between blood pressure (BP) and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) according to gender and the use of antihypertensive drugs using data from a large‐scale health checkup.

Methods and Results

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the JMDC database, which contains annual health checkup data of Japanese employees and their dependents aged <75 years. We included 154 692 participants (men, 69.68%; mean age, 44.74 years) without CKD. CKD was indicated by an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
or the presence of proteinuria. During the mean follow‐up period of 4.78 years, new‐onset CKD occurred in 14 888 participants. When the normal BP group (systolic/diastolic BP <120/<80 mm Hg) without treatment was used as a reference, the hazard ratios of the high BP (130–139/80–89 mm Hg) and grade 1 (140–159/90–99 mm Hg) and grade 2 or 3 hypertension (≥160/≥100 mm Hg) groups were 1.11 (95% CI, 1.06–1.17), 1.36 (95% CI, 1.28–1.45), and 1.76 (95% CI, 1.56–1.99) for untreated men, respectively. However, in treated men, even normal BP was associated with a 1.5‐fold higher risk of CKD. The association between BP and the risk of CKD was weaker in untreated women than in untreated men. The risk of CKD in treated women with normal BP was similar to that of untreated women with normal BP.

Conclusions
Gender differences were found in the association between BP and CKD risk. Kidney function in treated individuals should be followed carefully, especially in men.
Extreme Precipitation Changes in Europe from the Last Millennium to the End of the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Huo Ran , Li Lu , Chen Hua , Xu Chong-Yu , Chen Jie , Guo Shenglian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, we aim to better understand the current and future projections of precipitation extremes in Europe in the context of climatic variability over a long-term period from the last millennium to the end of the twenty-first century. The daily gridded precipitation data from five global climate models (GCMs) of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) are chosen to investigate natural variability and precipitation extremes during the last millennium (850–1849), the historical (1850–2005) period, and two representative concentration pathway (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) scenarios (2006–99). First, the seasonal and annual precipitation and extreme statistics from GCMs are evaluated using reconstruction and observation. Second, the spatial and temporal patterns of extreme precipitation from GCMs are investigated from the last millennium to the end of the twenty-first century. Meanwhile, the characteristic changes of extreme precipitation for the five regions of Europe are further analyzed. The results revealed the following: GCMs underestimate extreme precipitation and overestimate mean precipitation compared with the observations from European Climate Assessment and Dataset (ECA&D); the majority of Europe except southern Europe will most likely have large magnitude increases in the extreme precipitation and mean precipitation in the future under both RCP scenarios; there is no systematic change of precipitation extremes from the last millennium to the historical period from all GCMs; and larger magnitude increases are shown in 100- and 200-yr than in 5- and 10-yr return period precipitation from both RCP scenarios. In addition, short-duration extreme precipitation will most likely increase more than longer-duration extremes.
Seasonal Dependency of Tropical Precipitation Change under Global Warming
Authors: Geng Yu-Fan , Xie Shang-Ping , Zheng Xiao-Tong , Wang Chuan-Yang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTropical precipitation change under global warming varies with season. The present study investigates the characteristics and cause of the seasonality in rainfall change. Diagnostically, tropical precipitation change is decomposed into thermodynamic and dynamic components. The thermodynamic component represents the wet-get-wetter effect and its seasonality is due mostly to that in the mean vertical velocity, especially in the monsoon regions. The dynamic component includes the warmer-get-wetter effect due to the spatial variations in sea surface temperature (SST) warming, while the seasonality is due to that of the climatological SST and can be largely reproduced by an atmospheric model forced with the monthly climatological SST plus the annual-mean SST warming pattern. In the eastern equatorial Pacific where the SST warming is locally enhanced; for example, rainfall increases only during the March–May season when the climatological SST is high enough for deep convection. To the extent that the seasonality of tropical precipitation change over oceans arises mostly from that of the climatological SST, the results support the notion that reducing model biases in climatology improves regional rainfall projections.