bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power-law productivity and positive regime shift of symbiotic and climate-resilient edible ecosystems
Authors: Funabashi Masatoshi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Transformative change in primary food production is urgently needed in the face of climate change and biodiversity loss. Although there are a growing number of studies aimed at global policymaking, actual implementations require on-site deep analyses of social-ecological feasibility. Here, we report the first implementations of low-input mixed polyculture of highly diverse crops (synecoculture) in Japan and Burkina Faso. Results showed that the self-organized primary production of ecosystems follows a power law and performs better compared with conventional monoculture methods in 1) promoting diversity and total quantity of products along with rapid increase of in-field biodiversity, especially in a semi-arid environment where local reversal of regime shift is observed; 2) a fundamental reduction of inputs and environmental load; and 3) ecosystem-based autonomous adaptation of the crop portfolio to climatic variability. The overall benefits imply substantial possibilities for a new typology of sustainable farming based on human-guided augmentation of ecosystem services and biodiversity maintenance mechanisms that could overcome the historical trade-off between productivity and biodiversity.
Adsorption of nitrate and phosphate in an aqueous solution on composites of PVA and chitosan prepared from a Somanniathelphusa sinensis shell
Authors: Nguyen Hieu Trung , Bui Ha Manh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this study, chitosan was prepared from the shell of Somanniathelphusa sinensis, which is a crab ubiquitous in Vietnam. The 3-level, 3-factor Box–Behnken design was applied to the preparation of chitosan to investigate effects of factors such as the HCl solution concentration, protein removal time and deacetylation time on the degree of deacetylation (%DD). Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography were employed to examine the chitosan structure, as well as pH titration and antibacterial testing of the chitosan solution. Results revealed that as-p chitosan comprises specific functional groups, with almost no impurities. Its average molecular weight was ∼225,000 g/mol, and %DD was ∼89.7%. The chitosan/PVA composite was prepared and investigated for the adsorption of nitrate and phosphate ions in water. Experimental results revealed that the adsorption capacity of a chitosan/PVA (1:2) composite is better than that of chitosan. Accordingly, the theoretical maximum adsorption capacities of nitrate and phosphate ions on chitosan were 122.0 mg/g and 344.8 mg/g, respectively. The corresponding values on the chitosan/PVA (1:2) composite were 135.1 mg/g and 384.6 mg/g. Adsorption kinetics data at 25 °C were well fitted to the pseudo-second-order model (R2 &gt; 0.998). These results revealed that crab shell chitosan and the chitosan/PVA (1:2) composite can be used for the adsorption of nitrates and phosphates in aqueous solutions.
The current use and potential of cost benefit analysis in water sector projects
Authors: Ratnaweera Dino , Heistad Arve , Navrud Ståle 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The investment needed in global water infrastructure is significant. Infrastructures in water supply and sanitation alone are expected to require USD 6.7 trillion by 2050. These infrastructures must provide investment justifications when seeking funding from disbursement sources, in competition with other services (such as health, education, transport, elderly care etc.). We present a review that identifies monetary valuation gaps in regional and global cost benefit analysis (CBA) guidelines that underpin investment justifications. Case studies of Scandinavian appraisal reports written according to these guidelines indicate an alarmingly low use of monetary valuation on socioeconomic and environmental impacts caused by water sector projects. The findings suggest a need for broader and more accessible recommendations for water sector specific valuation methods. The need to develop a more accessible CBA framework for water infrastructure project managers is theoretically discussed, with emphasis on utilising monetary valuation methods and secondary source data. We identify valuation methods fragmentally discussed in the guidelines that should be adapted and applied, in time and cost-efficient ways, to water infrastructure projects.
Sonochemical degradation of bisphenol A using persulfate activated by hematite nanoparticles
Authors: Dehvari Mahboobeh , Ghanbari Farshid , Ahmadi Mehdi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this study, hematite nanoparticles (HNPs) were used as the persulfate (PS) activator for the sonocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A (BPA). The physicochemical properties of the synthesized HNPs were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effect of different operational parameters (pH, nanoparticle dosage, persulfate concentration, and ultrasonic power) on catalytic activity were evaluated. The BPA degradation rate was improved when ultrasonic (US) irradiation was used simultaneously with HNPs for activating PS. According to the results, 98.94% of BPA (10 mg/L) was degraded within 15 min of reaction time at 4 mM persulfate and 0.01 g/L HNPs under ultrasonic irradiation of 250 W. The degree of mineralization of BPA was measured using chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 36.98% was achieved under optimum conditions. Quenching tests were done using different scavenger compounds; these showed that both hydroxyl and sulfate radicals were reactive species in BPA degradation. According to the results of reusability tests, the degradation efficiency decreased to 86.34%, indicating that HNPs can be recycled several times. All of the anions tested, but mainly hydrogen phosphate, had an inhibitory effect on BPA degradation. The results showed that the US/HNPs/PS process is effective for the degradation of the organic pollutants.
Selective and rapid removal of Mo(VI) from water using functionalized Fe3O4-based Mo(VI) ion-imprinted polymer
Authors: Wu Lang , Luo Zhengwei , Jiang Hui , Zhao Zijian , Geng Wenhua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Fe3O4 nanoparticles-based magnetic Mo(VI) surface ion-imprinted polymer (Mo(VI)-MIIP) was elaborated employing 4-vinyl pyridine as a functional monomer. The adsorbent preparation was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, thermogravimetric analysis, and surface area analysis. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of Mo(VI)-MIIP was 296.40 mg g−1 at pH 3, while that of the magnetic non-imprinted polymer (MNIP) was only 147.10 mg g−1. The adsorption isotherm model was well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption experiments revealed that Mo(VI)-MIIP reached adsorption equilibrium within 30 min, and the kinetics data fitting showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetics model suitably described the adsorption process. Mo(VI)-MIIP exhibited an excellent adsorption selectivity to Mo(VI) in binary mixtures of Mo(VI)/Cr(VI), Mo(VI)/Cu(II), Mo(VI)/, Mo(VI)/Zn(II), and Mo(VI)/I–, with relative selectivity coefficients toward MNIP of 13.71, 30.27, 20.01, 23.53, and 15.89, respectively. After six consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles, the adsorption capacity of Mo(VI)-MIIP decreased by 9.5% (from 228.4 mg g−1 to 206.7 mg g−1 at initial Mo(VI) concentration of 250 mg L−1), demonstrating its reusability.
Medicinal and Biological Significance of Phenoxazine Derivatives
Authors: Dwivedi Jaya , Yaduvanshi Neetu , Shukla Shruti , Jain Sonika 
Published: December 2020

:
Since 1887, phenoxazine derivatives have attracted attention of chemist due to its versatile utility, industrially
and pharmacologically. Literature is found abundant with various pharmacological activities of phenoxazine derivatives
like antitumor, anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-viral, anti-malarial, antidepressant, analgesic and many other drug resistance reversal activities. This review covers detailed over-view on
pharmacological application of phenoxazine nucleus, its chemistry and reactivity and also illustrating the incorporation of
different group at different positions enhancing its biological application, besides some synthetic procedures.
Development and Optimization of Luliconazole Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Based Gel by Quality by Design its Skin Distribution Studies, Dermatokinetic Modeling & In-Vitro and Ex-Vivo Correlation
Authors: Bhargav Eranti , Reddy Yiragamreddy Padmanabha , Koteshwara Kunnatur B 
Published: December 2020

Aims:
The present study was aimed to improve the permeability of Luliconazole (LZ)
and to localize high drug concentrations at skin layers by Quality by Design (QbD) based Nanostructured
lipid carriers (NC) based gel.

Methods:
Quality Target Product Profile was set, and Critical Quality attributes were identified.
FT-IR and DSC studies confirmed compatibility. Risk assessment was carried out by screening the
factors using 2IV7-2 fractional factorial design and optimization by Box Behnken design. Cholesterol:
Cetyl Palmitate, PEG 200 and probe sonication time were identified as factors, Particle size (<200
nm), PDI (0.4), % Entrapment efficiency (% EE, >80%) and % Cumulative Drug release (% CDR,
>95%) as responses. Contour plots, overlay plots and desirability, were utilized to create design
space.

Results:
The quadratic polynomial equations showed increased lipid content, PEG 200 and optimum
sonication time reduced particle size, PDI, improved % EE and % CDR. The optimized formula
was formulated into a gel. Ex-vivo permeation studies performed using pig ear pinna skin revealed
that developed LZ NC gel exhibited greater permeation 272.98±8.57 (μg/cm2) and 32.11
±4.7 (μg/cm2/h) flux than plain drug dispersed gel. Dermatokinetic parameters of LZ NC gel revealed
that a highly significant amount of LZ was permeated, distributed and transported through
the skin layers. The better linear correlations were obtained by LZ permeation through a synthetic
membrane (in-vitro) and pig ear pinna skin (ex-vivo).

Conclusion:
The above findings revealed that developed LZ NC gel exhibited better permeation
and localization at skin layers in treating fungal infections.
The Complexity of Purinergic Signaling During Toxoplasma Infection
Authors: Moreira-Souza Aline Cristina Abreu , Coutinho-Silva Robson 
Published: December 2020

:Toxoplasmosis is a neglected disease caused by infection by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. One-third of the global population is expected to be by infected T. gondii. In Europe and North America, most infections do not induce disease, except in the context of immunosuppression. However, in endemic regions such Central and South America, infections induce severe ocular and potentially lethal disease, even in immunocompetent individuals.:The immune response against T. gondii infection involves components of innate immunity even in the chronic phase of the disease, including dangerous signal molecules such as extracellular nucleotides.:Purinergic signaling pathways include ionotropic and metabotropic receptors activated by extracellular nucleotides that are divided into P2X, P2Y, and A1 receptor families. The activation of purinergic signaling impacts biological systems by modulating immune responses to intracellular pathogens such as T. gondii. Ten years ago, purinergic signaling in the T. gondii infection was reported for the first time. In this review, we update and summarize the main findings regarding the role of purinergic signaling in T. gondii infection; these include in vitro findings: the microbicidal effect of P2Y and P2X7 activation phagocytic cells and parasite control by P2X7 activation in non-phagocytic cells; and in vivo findings: the promotion of early pro-inflammatory events that protect the host in acute and chronic models.
Methods of Masseter and Temporal Muscle Thickness and Elasticity Measurements by Ultrasound Imaging: A Literature Review
Authors: Blicharz Gabriela , Rymarczyk Małgorzata , Rogulski Mateusz , Linek Paweł 
Published: December 2020

Background:
The positive correlation between changes in morphology of masseter and temporal muscles, and
some disorders, incline diagnosticians to search for an effective method of assessment muscle thickness and elasticity.
Ultrasound imaging as a relatively simple and cheap method seems to be a useful diagnostic tool.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to present the existing ultrasound imaging methods in the assessment of the elasticity
and thickness of the masseter and temporal muscles.

Methods:
The literature review has been done with a focus on the accurate description of the masseter and/or temporal
muscle examination by ultrasonography imaging methods. Articles were categorized into two groups. First group included
articles in which muscle thickness was assessed by ultrasound imaging. Second group concerned elasticity aspect of
mentioned muscles.

Results:
It is difficult to achieve an objective protocol of masseter and temporal thickness assessment by ultrasonography
and there is no method that has been fully verified in terms of reliability. The shear-wave sonoelastography revealed
higher-level reliability of masseter muscle elasticity than strain sonoelastography. During the shear-wave
sonoelastography the effect of scan plane in relation to masseter muscle pennation and the day-to-day variation were
statistically significant. With regard to elasticity of temporal muscle further research is needed.

Conclusion:
This review has shown that there is a limited number of methods for masseter and
temporal muscle thickness and elasticity measurements by ultrasonography. All procedures (methods)
were not fully verified in terms of reliability and agreement. Thus, it is still necessary to develop
standardized procures to assess thickness and elasticity of the masseter and temporal muscles
with appropriate reliability and accuracy.
Advances in the Use of Graphene Nanocomposites for the Electrochemical Determination of Glucose: A Review
Authors: Wu Weihong , Zhou Qinwei , Fan Boyuan , Zhu Jiangwei , Fu Liqing 
Published: December 2020

Background:Glucose detection is of great significance in biomedicine. In clinical medicine, diabetes seriously endangers human health. By accurately measuring the blood glucose content of diabetic patients, diabetes can be effectively monitored and treated. At present, there are many methods for measuring glucose content, such as chromatography, spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. Among them, electrochemical glucose sensors are widely used because of their high reliability, low cost, and easy operation.Methods:Combining graphene with other nanomaterials (including graphene, metal oxides, semiconductor nanoparticles, polymers, dye molecules, ionic liquids and biomolecules) is an effective way to expand or enhance the sensing performance.Results:The composite of graphene and nanomaterials is an effective way to enhance the functionality of the electrochemical sensor. Graphene can accelerate electron transfer and realize direct electrochemistry and biological sensing. At the same time, graphene derivatives with rich composition and structure provide the possibility to further regulate their electrochemical performance. These graphene composite-based biosensors have shown excellent sensitivity and selectivity for glucose detection.Conclusion:Electrochemical glucose sensors based on graphene composite have received extensive attention. Although these materials have made significant progress in improving the sensitivity, lowering the detection limit and broadening the linear range, there are still facing challenges that require further study.
He Korowai Manaaki (Pregnancy Wraparound Care): Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Lawton Beverley , Storey Francesca , Sibanda Nokuthaba , Bennett Matthew , Lambert Charles , Geller Stacie , Edmonds Liza , Cram Fiona 
Published: December 2020

Background
Maternal and infant health inequities between Māori (the Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand) and New Zealand European women are well documented and cannot be explained solely by socioeconomic status. A research center-iwi (tribal group) partnership aims to address these disparities and improve maternal and infant health outcomes by implementing an augmented maternity care pathway (He Korowai Manaaki) to improve access to services and evidence-informed care.

Objective
The objective of this study is to test whether an augmented maternity care pathway improves Māori infant health outcomes.

Methods
This is a Kaupapa Māori (by, with, and for Māori) cluster randomized clinical trial involving 8 primary care practices allocated to either an intervention arm or control arm. The intervention arm comprises an augmented maternity care pathway (He Korowai Manaaki) offering clinical care through additional paid health care appointments and improved access to social support (eg, housing, transport). The control arm is usual care. The primary outcome is increased timely vaccination for Māori infants, defined as all age-appropriate vaccinations completed by 6 months of age.

Results
Recruitment commenced in November 2018 and was completed in June 2020, with 251 enrolled women recruited in intervention primary care practices before 20 weeks of pregnancy. Publication of results is anticipated in late 2023.

Conclusions
The results will inform primary health care policy including whether the provision of augmented maternal care pathways reduces disparities in the structural determinants of health. If effective, He Korowai Manaaki will strengthen the health and well-being of pregnant Māori women and their babies and improve their health outcomes, laying a strong foundation for lifelong health and well-being.

Trial Registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619001155189; https://tinyurl.com/yypbef8q

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/18154
Telemedicine and the Use of Korean Medicine for Patients With COVID-19 in South Korea: Observational Study
Authors: Jang Soobin , Kim Dongsu , Yi Eunhee , Choi Gunhee , Song Mideok , Lee Eun-Kyoung 
Published: December 2020

Background
COVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and it has since spread worldwide. The Association of Korean Medicine (AKOM) established the COVID-19 telemedicine center of Korean medicine (KM telemedicine center) in Daegu and Seoul.

Objective
The aim of this study was to describe the results of the KM telemedicine center and the clinical possibility of using herbal medicines for COVID-19.

Methods
All procedures were conducted by voice call following standardized guidelines. The students in the reception group obtained informed consent from participants and they collected basic information. Subsequently, Korean Medicine doctors assessed COVID-19–related symptoms and prescribed the appropriate herbal medicine according to the KM telemedicine guidelines. The data of patients who completed the program by June 30, 2020, were analyzed.

Results
From March 9 to June 30, 2020, 2324 patients participated in and completed the KM telemedicine program. Kyung-Ok-Ko (n=2285) was the most prescribed herbal medicine, and Qingfei Paidu decoction (I and II, n=2053) was the second most prescribed. All COVID-19–related symptoms (headache, chills, sputum, dry cough, sore throat, fatigue, muscle pain, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, dyspnea, chest tightness, diarrhea, and loss of appetite) improved after treatment (P<.001).

Conclusions
The KM telemedicine center has provided medical service to 10.8% of all patients with COVID-19 in South Korea (as of June 30, 2020), and it is still in operation. We hope that this study will help to establish a better health care system to overcome COVID-19.
Tui Na for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Juan , Brault Jeffrey S , Jensen Mark A , Do Alexander , Ma Qingyu , Zhou Xuan , Shen Longbin , Zhao Canghuan , Cheong Kwok Chee Philip , He Kejie , Guo Yu , Chen Zhuoming , Tang Shujie , Tang Yong , Tan Celia Ia Choo , Chen Jiaxu , Bauer Brent A. 
Published: December 2020

Background
Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP) is one of the most common complex pain conditions, and it is strongly associated with high rates of disability. Even though several studies on Tui na for CNLBP have been reported, to our knowledge there has been no systematic review of the currently available publications.

Objective
This study aims to develop a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis that will evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Tui na therapy for patients with CNLBP.

Methods
An electronic literature search of PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Springer, Scopus, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Clarivate Analytics, and Chinese biomedical databases (the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan-fang database, Chinese Scientific Journals Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Databases) will be conducted. Studies will be screened by two reviewers independently based on titles and abstracts, followed by a full-text reading with eligibility criteria. Randomized controlled trials involving Tui na for patients with CNLBP will be reviewed. The primary outcomes of the study are improvement of pain, analgesic medication reduction, improvement of functional disability, and degree of satisfaction with the intervention. A secondary outcome is any adverse event of Tui na intervention. Methodological quality and risk of bias will be assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. If studies are sufficient, a meta-analysis of the effectiveness will be performed. If possible, we will evaluate publication bias using funnel plots. If substantial heterogeneity between studies is present, and there are sufficient studies, subgroup analyses will be conducted to explain the study findings.

Results
The review database searches will be initiated in December 2020, with findings expected by January 2021.

Conclusions
This protocol will establish a framework of a high-quality literature synthesis on the impact of Tui na treatment in patients with CNLBP. The proposed review will determine whether Tui na is effective and safe for CNLBP patients.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO CRD42020166731; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=166731

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/20615