bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
<i>Podalia orsilochus</i> (Lepidoptera: Megalopygidae): Confirmación de su presencia en Colombia y primer registro en el Chocó
Authors: Prada Lara Liliana , Amarillo-Suárez Ángela R. , Fagua Giovanny 
Published: July 2020

Mediante capturas realizadas empleando trampa de luz en el Parque Nacional Natural Utría, Chocó, en 2017, se recolectaron cinco machos de Podalia orsilochus (Megalopygidae), confirmando la presencia de esta especie en Colombia y siendo el primer registro de ella para el departamento del Chocó. Así mismo, la identificación de especímenes fotografiados complementó los registros, mediante la adición de localidades de Antioquia, Caldas, Huila, Quindío, Santander y Valle del Cauca.
New distributional records for <i>Gonatodes albogularis</i> (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae) from eastern Colombia
Authors: Caicedo Portilla José Rancés , Gutierrez Lamus Doris L. 
Published: July 2020

Documentamos los registros más al oriente del lagarto Gonatodes albogularis en Colombia, sospechamos que estas corresponden a introducciones, ya que los ejemplares se han recolectado siempre en hábitats antrópicos. No tenemos certeza de que los registros históricos de la vertiente oriental de la Cordillera Oriental corresponden a introducciones accidentales (especie trasplantada) o si, por el contrario, son en realidad la distribución histórica de la especie. Consideramos que G. albogularis es una especie que va a seguir dispersándose en las regiones de la Amazonia y la Orinoquia. Se deben realizar estudios poblacionales por medio de herramientas moleculares (haplotipos) para poder dilucidar el origen de las poblaciones cisandinas de esta especie en el país. Reportamos el segundo ejemplar con leucismo en Colombia.
Evaluasi Patogenisitas Jamur Metarhizium anisopliae Terhadap Hama Uret Tebu, Lepidiota stigma (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Indrayani I Gusti Agung Ayu , Ridhawati Aprilia 
Published: July 2020

<p>Pengendalian hama uret tebu, <em>L. stigma</em> secara kimiawi berdampak negatif terhadap perkembangan biota tanah yang tentunya berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kesuburan tanah. Alternatif yang dapat dipertimbangkan dalam pengendalian hama uret pada tebu adalah dengan jamur <em>M</em>. <em>anisopliae</em> (Metchnikoff) Sorokin. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Patologi Serangga Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat (Balittas) mulai Januari sampai dengan Juli 2016. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengevaluasi patogenisitas dua isolat jamur <em>M. anisopliae</em> terhadap hama uret tebu, <em>L. stigma</em>. Dalam penelitian ini, dua isolat jamur <em>M. anisopliae</em>, yaitu JTMa-2 dan BLMa-8 diujikan pada lima konsentrasi konidia, yaitu: (1) 1 x 10<sup>7</sup>; (2) 5 x 10<sup>7</sup>; (3) 1 x 10<sup>8</sup>; (4) 2,5 x 10<sup>8</sup>; dan (5) 5 x 10<sup>8</sup> konidia/ml, serta (6) Kontrol (tanpa perlakuan). Setiap perlakuan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga kali ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah mortalitas uret, mikosis, LC<sub>50</sub> dan LT<sub>50</sub>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat JTMa-2 patogenik terhadap uret tebu, <em>L. stigma</em> dengan menyebabkan mortalitas uret sebesar 91,7% dan tingkat mikosis mencapai 67,6%. Isolat JTMa-2 memiliki virulensi tinggi dengan nilai LC<sub>50</sub> cukup rendah, yaitu 2.9 x 10<sup>7</sup> konidia/ml dan juga dengan nilai LT<sub>50</sub> terendah, yaitu 29 hari. Tingginya mortalitas dan mikosis, dan rendahnya LC<sub>50</sub> serta LT<sub>50</sub> menunjukkan bahwa isolat JTMa-2 merupakan isolat yang virulen dan patogenik terhadap uret <em>L. stigma</em>.</p>
Altered synaptic ultrastructure in the prefrontal cortex of Shank3-deficient rats
Authors: Jacot-Descombes Sarah , Keshav Neha U , Dickstein Dara L. , Wicinski Bridget , Janssen William G. M. , Hiester Liam L. , Sarfo Edward K. , Warda Tahia , Fam Matthew M. , Harony-Nicolas Hala , Buxbaum Joseph D. , Hof Patrick R. , Varghese Merina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Deletion or mutations of SHANK3 lead to Phelan-McDermid syndrome and monogenic forms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). SHANK3 encodes its eponymous scaffolding protein at excitatory glutamatergic synapses. Altered morphology of dendrites and spines in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and striatum have been associated with behavioral impairments in Shank3-deficient animal models. Given the attentional deficit in these animals, our study explored whether deficiency of Shank3 in a rat model alters neuron morphology and synaptic ultrastructure in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Methods We assessed dendrite and spine morphology and spine density in mPFC layer III neurons in Shank3 -homozygous knockout ( Shank3 -KO), heterozygous ( Shank3 -Het), and wild-type (WT) rats. We used electron microscopy to determine the density of asymmetric synapses in mPFC layer III excitatory neurons in these rats. We measured postsynaptic density (PSD) length, PSD area, and head diameter (HD) of spines at these synapses. Results Basal dendritic morphology was similar among the three genotypes. Spine density and morphology were comparable, but more thin and mushroom spines had larger head volumes in Shank3 -Het compared to WT and Shank3 -KO. All three groups had comparable synapse density and PSD length. Spine HD of total and non-perforated synapses in Shank3 -Het rats, but not Shank3 -KO rats, was significantly larger than in WT rats. The total and non-perforated PSD area was significantly larger in Shank3 -Het rats compared to Shank3 -KO rats. These findings represent preliminary evidence for synaptic ultrastructural alterations in the mPFC of rats that lack one copy of Shank3 and mimic the heterozygous loss of SHANK3 in Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Limitations The Shank3 deletion in the rat model we used does not affect all isoforms of the protein and would only model the effect of the mutations resulting in loss of the N-terminus of the protein. Given the higher prevalence of ASD in males, the ultrastructural study focused only on synaptic structure in male Shank3 -deficient rats. Conclusions We observed increased HD and PSD area in Shank3 -Het rats. These observations suggest the occurrence of altered synaptic ultrastructure in this animal model, further pointing to a key role of defective expression of the Shank3 protein in ASD and Phelan-McDermid syndrome.
A Comparison Of Efece Systems With Tension Band Wiring For Patella Fracture Fixation In Cadavers
Authors: Karadeniz Emre , Keskinöz Elif Nedret 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: EFECE Systems are newly-defined internal fixation systems, which are suitable for patella fracture fixation. The aim of this study was to compare the fixation strength of EFECE Systems with tension band wiring for transverse patellar fracture simulation on fresh frozen cadaver models. Methods: Quadriceps tendon-patella-patellar tendon (QT-P-PT) complex was prepared from human cadavers. After simulation of a transverse patella fracture, in Group 1, 5 patella were fixed with a pair of 1.2 mm EFECE wires and 4 EFECE devices. In Group 2, 5 patella were fixed with a pair of 1.2 mm Kirschner wires (K-wire) and a cerclage wire according to the tension band technique.Using a testing device with custom-made jaws, increasing distraction force was applied to these QT-P-PT complexes. Extension of these complexes with the distraction forces was observed. The maximum distraction force and the elongation during maximum force were evaluated. Results: After 5 experiments with the EFECE Systems, there was no EFECE wire breakage or EFECE wire-EFECE device catching failure. The median maximum force was 740 N (720-810N). During maximum distraction force the median extension was 2.5 mm (1.6-2.5 mm).After 5 experiments with the tension band technique, there was no K-wire breakage. The median maximum force was 330 N (240-510N). During this maximum distraction force the median extension was 3.4 mm (2.2-3.8 mm).Conclusions: Based on the biomechanical advantages, patella fracture treatment with EFECE systems may constitute a reasonable alternative in the treatment of patella fractures.
Analysis of the Effect of Serious Illness Medical Insurance on Relieving the Economic Burden of Rural Residents in China: A Case Study in Jinzhai County
Authors: Li Yang , Duan Guangfeng , Xiong Linping 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: In 2003, China established a New Rural Cooperative Medical System (NRCMS) for rural residents to alleviate the burden of medical expenses among rural residents. However, its reimbursement for high medical costs was insufficient. Therefore, China gradually established the Serious Illness Insurance System (SIMIS) based on NRCMS. After receiving payment through NRCMS, patients in rural areas who met the requirements of SIMIS policy would receive a second payment for their high medical expenses. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the implementation of SIMIS on alleviating the economic burden of rural residents in Jinzhai County. Methods: The study used the inpatient reimbursement data of NRCMS in Jinzhai County, Anhui Province, from 2013 to 2016. We adopted descriptive and regression discontinuity (RD) methods to analyze the payment effect of SIMIS. The RD analysis targeted patients (n = 7,353) whose annual serious illness expenses were between CNY 10,000 (1,414 USD) and CNY 30,000 (4,242 USD), whereas the descriptive analysis was used for data of the patients compensated by SIMIS (n = 2720). Results: The results of RD showed that the actual medical insurance payment proportion increased by about 2.5% (lwald = 0.025, P <0.01), inside medical insurance self-payment proportion increased by about 2% (lwald = 0.020, P <0.10), and outside medical insurance self-payment proportion decreased by about 1.6% (lwald = -0.016, P <0.05). The descriptive results showed that patients with serious illnesses mostly chose to go to a hospital outside the county. The annual average number of hospitalizations was 3.64. The reimbursement mainly came from the NRCMS. The payment amount of SIMIS was relatively small, and the out-of-pocket medical expenses were still high.Conclusion: The medical technology level of Jinzhai County could not meet the needs of patients with seriously illnesses, the number of beneficiaries of SIMIS was small, and the ability to relieve the burden of medical expenses of the rural residents was insufficient. The high out-of-pocket expenses increased the possibility that only people with good economic conditions could benefit from the reimbursement of SIMIS, resulting in inequity.
Transcriptome analysis reveals ethylene-mediated defense responses to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum infection in Cucumis sativus L.
Authors: Dong Jingping , Wang Yuean , Xian Qianqian , Chen Xuehao , Xu Jun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (Foc), is a severe disease affecting cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) production worldwide, but mechanisms underlying Fusarium wilt resistance in cucumber remain unknown. To better understand of the defense mechanisms elicited in response to Foc inoculation, RNA sequencing-based transcriptomic profiling of responses of the Fusarium wilt-resistant cucumber line ‘Rijiecheng’ at 0, 24, 48, 96, and 192 hours after Foc inoculation was performed.Results: We identified 4116 genes that were differentially expressed between 0 hour and other time points after inoculation. All ethylene-related and pathogenesis-related genes from the differentially expressed genes were filtered out. Real-time PCR analysis showed that ethylene-related genes were induced in response to Foc infection. Importantly, after Foc infection and exogenous application of ethephon, a donor of ethylene, the ethylene-related genes were highly expressed. In response to exogenous ethephon treatment in conjunction with Foc inoculation, the infection resistance of cucumber seedlings was enhanced and endogenous ethylene biosynthesis increased dramatically. Conclusion: Collectively, ethylene signaling pathways play a positive role in regulating the defense response of cucumber to Foc infection. The results provide insight into the cucumber Fusarium wilt defense mechanisms and provide valuable information for breeding new cucumber cultivars with enhanced Fusarium wilt tolerance.
AMF Optimal Placement based on Deep Reinforcement Learning in Heterogeneous Radio Access Network
Authors: jin hao , Pang Wenzhe , Zhao Chenglin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
To support various service requirements such as massive Machine Type Communications, Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications in 5G scenario, Network Function Virtualization (NFV) plays an important role in the 5G network architecture to manage and orchestrate network services. As the key network function responsible for mobility management, Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) can be deployed flexibly at the edge of the radio access network to improve the performance of mobility management based on NFV. In this paper, the optimal placement of AMF is addressed based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) in a heterogeneous radio access network, which aims to minimize the network utility including the average delay of mobility management requests at AMF, the average wired hops to relay the requests and the cost of AMF instances. By considering time-varying features including user mobility and the arrival rate of user mobility management requests, an AMF optimal placement approach is proposed for the long term optimization. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed DRL based AMF optimal placement approach outperforms that of the baselines.
Adjuvant Transarterial Chemoembolization does not Influence Recurrence-free and Overall survivals for Patients with Combined Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma after Curative Resection: a Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Liu Wei-Ren , Tian Meng-Xin , Tao Chen-Yang , Tang Zheng , Zhou Yu-Fu , Song Shu-Shu , Jiang Xi-Fei , Wang Han , Zhou Pei-Yun , Qu Wei-Feng , Fang Yuan , Ding Zhen-Bin , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Shi Ying-Hong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background : The prognosis of patients with combined hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) is usually poor, and effective adjuvant therapy is missing making it important to investigate whether these patients may benefit from adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of adjuvant TACE for long-term recurrence and survival after curative resection before and after propensity score matching (PSM) analysis.
Methods : In this retrospective study, of 230 patients who underwent resection for CHC between January 1994 and December 2014, 46 (18.0%) patients received adjuvant TACE. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify the independent predictive factors of survival. Cox regression analyses and log-rank tests were used to compare overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) between patients who did or did not receive adjuvant TACE.
Results : A total of 230 patients (mean age 52.2±11.9 years; 172 men) were enrolled, and 46 (mean age 52.7±11.1 years; 38 men) patients received TACE. Before PSM, in multivariate regression analysis, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), tumour nodularity, macrovascular invasion (MVI), lymphoid metastasis, and extrahepatic metastasis were associated with OS. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), MVI, lymphoid metastasis, and preventive TACE (HR: 2.763, 95% CI: 1.769-4.314, p <0.001) were independent prognostic factors for DFS. PSM created 46 pairs of patients. Before PSM, adjuvant preventive TACE was not associated with an increased risk of OS (HR: 0.911, 95% CI: 0.545-1.520, p =0.720) or DFS (HR: 3.345, 95% CI: 1.686-6.638, p =0.001). After PSM, the 5-year OS and DFS rates were comparable in the TACE group and the non-TACE group (OS: 22.7% vs 14.9%, respectively, p =0.75; DFS: 11.2% vs 14.4%, respectively, p =0.06).
Conclusions : The present study identified that adjuvant preventive TACE did not influence DFS or OS after curative resection of CHC.
Inhibitory effects of iron depletion plus eribulin on the breast cancer microenvironment
Authors: Goto Wataru , Kashiwagi Shinichiro , Asano Yuka , Takada Koji , Morisaki Tamami , Takahashi Katsuyuki , Fujita Hisakazu , Shibutani Masatsune , Amano Ryosuke , Takashima Tsutomu , Tomita Shuhei , Hirakawa Kosei , Ohira Masaichi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Iron is required for the proliferation of cancer cells, and its depletion suppresses tumor growth. Eribulin mesylate (eribulin), a non-taxane microtubule inhibitor, disrupts the tumor microenvironment via vascular remodeling and obstruction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Herein, we investigated the effects of the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) on tumor-related properties of breast cancer cells and the effects of DFO plus eribulin on tumor growth in vivo.Methods: Two triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and BT-549, and one hormone-receptor positive breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, were used in our study. Cell proliferation, cell migration, cell cycle position, and gene expression were analyzed via MTT assays, wound-healing assays, flow cytometry, and quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. For the in vivo experiments, mice with breast cancer xenografts were treated with the inhibitors, alone or together, and tumor volume was determined.Results: DFO inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation and migration and decreased the proportion of S-phase cells. Conversely, it induced hypoxia, angiogenesis, EMT, and immune checkpoints, as determined by quantifying the expression of marker mRNAs in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Eribulin suppressed the expression of the hypoxia and EMT related marker mRNAs in the presence of DFO. DFO plus eribulin inhibited tumor growth in vivo to a greater extent than did either inhibitor alone.Conclusions: Although DFO induces oncogenic events (hypoxia, angiogenesis, EMT, and immune checkpoints), it may be an effective treatment for breast cancer when administered in combination with eribulin.
Fossil-calibrated molecular phylogeny of atlantid heteropods (Gastropoda, Pterotracheoidea)
Authors: Wall-Palmer Deborah , Janssen Arie W , Goetze Erica , Choo Le Qin , Mekkes Lisette , Peijnenburg Katja T. C. A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The aragonite shelled, planktonic gastropod family Atlantidae (shelled heteropods) is likely to be one of the first groups to be impacted by imminent ocean changes, including ocean warming and ocean acidification. With a fossil record spanning at least 100 Million years (Ma), atlantids have experienced and survived global-scale ocean changes and extinction events in the past. However, the diversification patterns and tempo of evolution in this family are largely unknown. Results: Based on a concatenated maximum likelihood phylogeny of three genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial DNA, 28S and 18S ribosomal rRNA) we show that the three extant genera of the family Atlantidae, Atlanta, Protatlanta and Oxygyrus, form monophyletic groups. The genus Atlanta is split into two groups, one exhibiting smaller, well ornamented shells, and the other having larger, less ornamented shells. The fossil record, in combination with a fossil-calibrated phylogeny, suggests that large scale atlantid extinction was accompanied by considerable and rapid diversification over the last 25 Ma, potentially driven by vicariance events. Conclusions: Now confronted with a rapidly changing modern ocean, the ability of atlantids to survive past global change crises gives some optimism that they may be able to persist through the Anthropocene.
Laparoscopy Approach to Sigmoid Colon Perforation Secondary to Intrauterine Device Migration
Authors: Amortegui Henry Leonardo Robayo , Vanegas Diana Marcela Rincon , Blanquicet Adolfredo Ballestas , Fonseca Jair Ruiz 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Currently, the intrauterine device (IUD) is one of the most used contraceptive methods worldwide, since it has shown to be effective and reversible. One of its complications is the migration of the device, which can affect close organs by perforating them. Case We present the case of a patient who presented a colouterine fistula secondary to an IUD migration. Conclusion Laparoscopy is a surgical method that may be performed electively; it makes device removal and repair of affected organs possible with fewer complications.
Clinically oriented contour evaluation using geometric and dosimetric indices based on simple geometric transformations
Authors: Xian Lixun , Li Guangjun , Xiao Qing , Li Zhibin , Zhang Xiangbin , Chen Li , Hu Zhenyao , Bai Sen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: In radiotherapy, geometric indices are often used to evaluate the accuracy of contouring; however, the ability of geometric indices to identify the error of contouring results is limited, and they do not consider any clinical background. Based on the reference contouring, we systematically introduced the known geometric errors to study the relationship between geometric indices and dosimetric indices and evaluated the clinical feasibility of assessing the accuracy of contouring based on geometric indices alone.Materials and Methods: A C-shaped target, organ at risk (Core), and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plan outlined in the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) TG-119 report (The report of Task Group 119 of the AAPM) were used as references. Translation, scaling, rotation (except for the Core), and sine function transformation were performed to simulate the test contours. The corresponding dosimetric indices were obtained from the original dose distribution of the radiotherapy plan, and correlations (R²) between geometric and dosimetric indices were quantified through linear regression. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the differences between the geometric indices of three different directions of translation transformations.Results: The correlations between the geometric and dosimetric indices were inconsistent for the contouring of the target and Core after the geometric transformation. Except for the sine function transformation (R²: 0.04–0.023, P > 0.05), the other geometric transformations of the planning target volume (PTV) had correlations with the dosimetric indices D98% and Dmean (R²: 0.689–0.988), 80% of which were strongly correlated. The correlation results for the other geometric transformations in the Core were similar to those in the PTV except for the posterior direction transformation. The results of Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that only the P-values of volumetric geometric indices of PTV were less than 0.05.Conclusions: The dosimetric indices are heavily influenced by the contour differences, thus highlighting their importance in the evaluation process. Clinically, an assessment of the contour accuracy of the region of interest is not feasible based on geometric indices alone, and should be combined with dosimetric indices.