bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The measurement of “interdisciplinarity” and “synergy” in scientific and extra‐scientific collaborations
Authors: Leydesdorff Loet , Ivanova Inga 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProblem solving often requires crossing boundaries, such as those between disciplines. When policy‐makers call for “interdisciplinarity,” however, they often mean “synergy.” Synergy is generated when the whole offers more possibilities than the sum of its parts. An increase in the number of options above the sum of the options in subsets can be measured as redundancy; that is, the number of not‐yet‐realized options. The number of options available to an innovation system for realization can be as decisive for the system's survival as the historically already‐realized innovations. Unlike “interdisciplinarity,” “synergy” can also be generated in sectorial or geographical collaborations. The measurement of “synergy,” however, requires a methodology different from the measurement of “interdisciplinarity.” In this study, we discuss recent advances in the operationalization and measurement of “interdisciplinarity,” and propose a methodology for measuring “synergy” based on information theory. The sharing of meanings attributed to information from different perspectives can increase redundancy. Increasing redundancy reduces the relative uncertainty, for example, in niches. The operationalization of the two concepts—“interdisciplinarity” and “synergy”—as different and partly overlapping indicators allows for distinguishing between the effects and the effectiveness of science‐policy interventions in research priorities.
Paternal exposure to di‐n‐butyl‐phthalate induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Hu Jingying , Xia Minjie , Wang Yuzhu , Tian Fang , Sun Bing , Yang Mingjun , Yang Wei , Ding Xuncheng , Xu Huihui , Li Weihua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundDibutyl phthalate (DBP) is an environmental endocrine disruptor detected in water, soil, and other environmental media frequently. Growing concerns regarding DBP exposure focus on toxicity to male reproduction. Reports about the developmental toxicity of paternal DBP exposure are rare. In this study, we investigated the developmental toxicity of paternal exposure to DBP on offspring in zebrafish.MethodsAdult male zebrafish with normal reproductive function were exposed to 0.2, 0.6, 1.8 mg/L of DBP or acetone solvent control for 30 days, and then mated with females. Thirty embryos per group were randomly selected to be observed, and malformations were recorded and photographed. The mating and observations were repeated three times, for a total of 90 embryos per group.ResultsThe results showed that the percentage of malformations, such as edema and a bent trunk, was increased in the 0.6 and 1.8 mg/L DBP exposure groups, the heart rate and spontaneous contraction decreased in the 0.6 and 1.8 mg/L DBP exposure groups and migration of primordial germ cells was disrupted in some F1 embryos in all DBP exposure group after paternal exposure. The axial skeleton was affected in some F1 adults in the 1.8 mg/L DBP exposure group.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate the developmental toxicity of paternal DBP exposure in zebrafish.
Zika virus‐induced brain malformations in chicken embryos
Authors: Wachholz Gabriela Elis , Varela Ana Paula Muterle , Teixeira Thais Fumaco , de Matos Sophia Martins Simon , Rigon da Luz Soster Paula , Vianna Fernanda Sales Luiz , de Souza Diogo Onofre Gomes , Roehe Paulo Michel , Schuler‐Faccini Lavínia , Fraga Lucas Rosa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundZika virus (ZIKV) was confirmed to be related to microcephaly in 2016. However, there is still a need for understanding the embryonic morphological changes induced by ZIKV and when they occur. Here, chicken embryos were chosen as experimental model of ZIKV to evaluate virus‐associated morphological alterations that might take place during embryonic development.MethodsA screening with different viral doses was conducted in embryos at HH Stage 10–12 (E1.5) as well as a follow up of the first 5 days postinfection (dpi) was performed to observe the main morphologic changes post ZIKV infection.ResultsZIKV exposed embryos presented a higher prevalence of mortality and defects such as brain malformation when compared to controls. Moreover, we observed that the phenotypes become more evident at 4dpi, when the viral load quantification reaches a peak.ConclusionsWe found that ZIKV exposed embryos presented a high prevalence of mortality and central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities in a dose‐dependent manner. The phenotype was more evident 4 days postinfection, when the viral load quantification reached a peak.
Impact of baseline conduction abnormalities on outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement with SAPIEN‐3
Authors: Sammour Yasser , Sato Kimi , Kumar Arnav , Gajulapalli Rama Dilip , Lak Hassan , Chawla Sanchit , Banerjee Kinjal , Kaur Manpreet , Patel Jay , Incognito Cameron , Svensson Lars , Popovic Zoran , Tarakji Khaldoun , Wazni Oussama , Reed Grant W , Yun James , Puri Rishi , Krishnaswamy Amar , Kapadia Samir R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundBaseline conduction abnormalities are known risk factors for permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). We sought to determine the impact of baseline right bundle branch block (RBBB), left bundle branch block (LBBB), left anterior hemiblock (LAHB), first‐degree atrioventricular block (AVB) and atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF) on TAVR outcomes.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent transfemoral TAVR with SAPIEN‐3 (S3) were included. We excluded patients with prior PPM, nontransfemoral access or valve‐in‐valve.ResultsAmong 886 patients, baseline RBBB was seen in 15.9%, LBBB in 6.3%, LAHB in 6.2%, first‐degree AVB in 26.3% and AF in 37.5%. The rate of 30‐day PPM was 10.1%. Baseline RBBB (OR 4.005; 95% CI 2.386–6.723; p < .001) and first‐degree AVB (OR 1.847; 95% CI 1.133–3.009; p = .014) were independent predictors of 30 day PPM. LAHB also resulted in higher PPM rates but only in unadjusted analysis (21.8% vs. 9.4%; p = .003). Baseline LBBB and AF were associated with lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at both baseline and 1 year after TAVR. However, Δ LVEF over time were noted to be similar with baseline LBBB (1.8% vs. 1.4%; p = .809) and AF (1.1% vs. 1.7%; p = .458). Moreover, baseline AF was also associated with higher stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) at 1 year (4.4% vs. 1.8%; p = .019), 1‐year major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) (19.5% vs. 13.3%; p = .012) and 2 year mortality (23.5% vs. 15.2%; p = .016). None of the other baseline conduction defects affected long‐term mortality or MACCE.ConclusionIn our S3 TAVR population, baseline RBBB and first‐degree AVB predicted higher PPM risk. Prior LBBB and AF were associated with lower LVEF at both baseline and 1 year. Lastly, preexisting AF was associated with higher rates of mortality, stroke/TIA, and MACCE.
Flour and bread making properties of whole and split yellow peas treated with dry and steam heat used as premilling treatment
Authors: Sopiwnyk Elaine , Bourré Lindsay , Young Gina , Borsuk Yulia , Lagassé Shelley , Boyd Lindsey , Sarkar Ashok , Jones Stuart , Dyck Adam , Malcolmson Linda 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesPulse flours can impart off‐flavors limiting their use in foods. The objective of this study was to examine the flour and bread making properties of whole and split yellow peas treated with dry and steam heat used as a premilling treatment.FindingsParticle size distributions and pasting properties of flours milled from heat‐treated peas were altered, and starch damage was reduced compared to flours milled from untreated peas. Breads made with flour milled from heat‐treated peas had similar firmness to breads made with flour milled from untreated peas with no change in volume and minimal impact on crumb structure. Changes in crumb color (lower L*, higher a*) were consistent with color changes observed in the flours. Heat treating whole peas produced breads with decreased aroma, flavor, and aftertaste, whereas heat treating split peas produced breads with lower intensities of aroma, flavor, bitterness, and aftertaste and increased acceptability.ConclusionsRevtech dry and steam heating of whole and split yellow peas as a premilling treatment successfully reduced off‐flavors with minimal changes to flour and bread making properties.Significance and noveltyHeat treating pulses prior to milling offers greater opportunities for incorporating pulse flours in foods.
Bifunctional Nanoprobes Used for Label‐Free Determination of Cardiac Troponin I
Authors: Xue Yuan , Han Yanchao , Xia Hongyin , Fan Yongchao , Peng Chao , Xing Huanhuan , Li Jing , Wang Erkang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this work, bifunctional nanoprobes (Fe3O4@RuSiO2) combing the magnetic feature of Fe3O4 and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) performance from Ru(bpy)32+@SiO2 were prepared via a facile procedure for the construction of label‐free sensing platform for the determination of marker of acute myocardial infarction‐cardiac troponin I. With our well‐structured thin layer ECL flow detection cell, the incubated hybrids can be collected on the working surface easily and detected in the presence of co‐reactants with high ECL efficiency. Integrated with the on‐line flow cleaning process and immobilization from external magnetic field, the constructed immunosensor exhibited good stability and high selectivity with the detection limit of 15.4 pg mL−1. And the practical application was verified using human serum samples. The proposed sensor alleviated the introduction of the secondary antibody and save the time and cost, which shows great potential in the future.
A Carboxyl‐Functionalized Covalent Organic Framework Synthesized in a Deep Eutectic Solvent for Dye Adsorption
Authors: Dong Bin , Wang Wen‐Jing , Xi Sun‐Chang , Wang Dong‐Yue , Wang Ren 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInstead of using organic solvents, a deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of tetrabutylammonium bromide and imidazole (Bu4NBr/Im) was employed as a solvent for the first time to synthesize covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Due to the low vapor pressure of the Bu4NBr/Im‐based DES, a new carboxyl‐functionalized COF (TpPa‐COOH) was synthesized under environmental pressure. The as‐synthesized TpPa‐COOH has open channels, and the DES can be removed completely from the pores. The dye adsorption performance of TpPa‐COOH was examined for three organic dyes with similar molecular sizes: one anionic dye (eosin B, EB) and two cationic dyes (methylene blue, MB and safranine T, ST). TpPa‐COOH showed an excellent selective adsorption effect on MB and ST. The electronegative keto form in TpPa‐COOH might help to form electrostatic and π–π interactions between the π‐stacking frameworks of TpPa‐COOH and the positive plane MB and ST molecules. The adsorption isotherms of MB and ST on TpPa‐COOH were further investigated in detail, and the equilibrium adsorption was well modeled by using a Langmuir isotherm model. Together with hydrogen bonding, TpPa‐COOH showed higher adsorption capacity for ST than for MB (1135 vs. 410 mg g−1). These results could provide a guidance for the green synthesis of adsorbents in removing organic dyes from wastewater.
Detection of Hydrazine at MXene/ZIF‐8 Nanocomposite Modified Electrode†
Authors: Yao Yanqing , Han Xuhui , Yang Xuanhe , Zhao Jia , Chai Chunpeng 
Published: October 2020

Main observation and conclusionZIF‐8 with excellent chemical and physical properties is a promising material for the field of electrochemical sensing. However, the poor electrical conductivity of ZIF‐8 severely limits its electrochemical performance. Here, we report a method that can significantly improve the conductivity of ZIF‐8 by intercalating Ti3C2Tx MXene as a conductive platform. Benefiting from higher conductivity and unique electrocatalytic activity, the obtained MXene/ZIF‐8 nanocomposite presented the worthy analytical performance for hydrazine sensing. The successful fabrication of MXene/ZIF‐8 holds great promise for the design of electrochemical sensors, and it is a promising material to promote the development of new electrode materials.
Discovery of β‐Dihydroagarofuran‐Type Sesquiterpenoids from the Leaves of Tripterygium wilfordii with Neuroprotective Activities
Authors: Dong Shuhui , Lin Bin , Xue Xiaobian , Bai Ming , Huang Xiaoxiao , Song Shaojiang 
Published: October 2020

Main observation and conclusionNine undescribed dihydro‐β‐agarofuran sesquiterpenoid derivatives (1—9), along with a known analogue (10), were obtained from the leaves of Tripterygium wilfordii. Their gross structures were determined via extensive spectroscopic data, and the absolute configurations were elucidated by means of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and electron circular dichroism (ECD) techniques, which include ECD exciton chirality, octant rule of saturated cyclohexanone and comparison between the experimental and calculated ECD spectra. All the isolated compounds were tested for their neuroprotective activities against H2O2‐induced cell injury in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells. Compounds 5 and 6 improved cell viability by 16.15% and 15.12% compared with the H2O2 treated group at 25 μmol·L–1, respectively.
Donor Preactivation‐Based Glycosylation: An Efficient Strategy for Glycan Synthesis
Authors: Qin Xianjin , Ye Xin‐Shan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCarbohydrates have gained a lot of appreciation in the past few decades due to their important roles in numerous biological events. Acquiring a structurally well‐defined carbohydrate compound is essential for the understanding of its functions. Although some innovative methods have been developed for the synthesis of complex oligosaccharides, glycan synthesis is in general still a time‐consuming and difficult work. Herein, we will introduce the preactivation‐based glycosylation strategy, which is an efficient protocol independent of the reactivity of glycosyl donor. This review will focus on summarizing the versatile applications of preactivation strategy in stereoselective glycosylation and one‐pot assembly of biologically important oligosaccharides and even polysaccharides.
What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?Preactivation‐based one‐pot glycosylation strategy and applications.How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?I got into this field when I was a research associate in 1996. My supervisor, Prof. Chi‐Huey Wong, gave me a research topic for synthesis of oligosaccharide libraries. At that moment, as a beginner, I did not know too much carbohydrate chemistry, just to learn and to do it. The importance and challenge of carbohydrates attracted me.What is the most important personality for scientific research?Curiosity, passion, and creative thinking.How do you supervise your students?In my opinion, before the graduate students start a specific project, their experimental skills need to be well trained. During the period of graduate studies, the enhancement of abilities to analyze problems and to solve problems is very important. The graduate students should always keep an eye on the unusual experimental phenomena.What's your hobbies?Reading history books.What is your favorite journals?The journals publishing the latest research works in chemistry and medical science.
A CPU‐FPGA heterogeneous approach for biological sequence comparison using high‐level synthesis
Authors: Jorge Carlos A. C. , Nery Alexandre S. , Melo Alba C. M. A. , Goldman Alfredo 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis article presents a high‐level synthesis implementation of the longest common subsequence (LCS) algorithm combined with a weighted‐based scheduler for comparing biological sequences prioritizing energy consumption or execution time. The LCS algorithm has been thoroughly tailored using Vivado High‐Level Synthesis tool, which is able to synthesize register transfer level (RTL) from high‐level language descriptions, such as C/C++. Performance and energy consumption results were obtained with a CPU Intel Core i7‐3770 CPU and an Alpha‐Data ADM‐PCIE‐KU3 board that has a Xilinx Kintex UltraScale XCKU060 FPGA chip. We executed a batch of 20 comparisons of sequences on 10k, 20k, and 50k sizes. Our experiments showed that the energy consumption on the combined approach was significantly lower when compared to the CPU, achieving 75% energy reduction on 50k comparisons. We also used the tool proposed in this article to do a case study on Covid‐19, with real SARS‐CoV‐2 sequences, comparing their LCS scores.
Cover‐crop water use and productivity in the high plains wheat–fallow crop rotation
Authors: Holman Johnathon D. , Assefa Yared , Obour Augustine K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA long fallow period (∼15 mo) in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–fallow rotation (W‐F) cropping system is meant to store soil water for the following crop but loss of soil quality, low precipitation use‐efficiency, and increased cost of fallow management are among its drawbacks. Replacing a portion of the fallow period with a short‐season cover crop may alleviate these drawbacks. The objectives of this study were to evaluate available soil water at planting (ASWPcc), performance, management, and post‐cover‐crop fallow efficiency, and available soil water at winter wheat planting (ASWPww) of 12 short‐season cover crops. This field study was conducted from 2008 through 2011 at Garden City, KS. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with split‐split‐plot arrangement. Crop phases were main plot, cover‐crop species was the subplot, and cover‐crop management method (cover crop left standing or hayed) was the split‐split‐plot treatment. Results showed ASWPcc was greater at spring cover‐crop planting than in the fall or winter cover crops. However, water use, productivity, and post‐cover‐crop fallow efficiency were greatest for sole winter triticale (×Triticosecale spp.) or winter legume–triticale mixtures. In addition, ASWPww was 4–27% more for cover crop left standing than hayed cover crops. Post‐cover‐crop precipitation storage was positively related to ASWPww but cover‐crop biomass had a negative linear relationship with ASWPww. We concluded that cover crops left standing stored more soil water than those hayed; however, forage use of the cover crop could provide a dual purpose and economic benefit to improve overall system profitability.
Education programmes for persons with type 1 diabetes using an insulin pump: A systematic review
Authors: Rytter Karen , Schmidt Signe , Rasmussen Lauge Neimann , Pedersen‐Bjergaard Ulrik , Nørgaard Kirsten 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEducation is essential in insulin pump therapy, but literature in the field is limited. We systematically reviewed insulin pump education programmes and their effects in two situations as follows: (1) basic education at the start of insulin pump therapy, providing the study design enabled us to separate the effects of insulin pump therapy itself from the effects of education and (2) re‐education of experienced pump users. Population: individuals ≥16 years with type 1 diabetes using insulin pumps with or without continuous glucose monitoring. Systematic searches were run in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and ERIC. Original studies reporting an effect of insulin pump education programmes were included if published in English between January 1999 and May 2019. Of 988 potentially relevant studies, 48 were assessed in full text. Nine studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, including one randomised controlled trial. Educational approaches and settings were sparsely described in all studies, and the content was usually reported as teaching points. Two studies considered basic education, reporting evaluations of knowledge and application skills, and programme satisfaction. The remaining seven studies referred to re‐education. Two studies measured severe hypoglycaemic events before and after a re‐education intervention, both reporting a significant event reduction. HbA1c decreased significantly in three of four studies. Two studies reported increased knowledge and improved application skills. In conclusion, this review indicates benefits from basic education and from re‐education. The strength of the conclusions is limited by the low number of studies and study designs. High‐quality studies are needed comparing different approaches for insulin pump education.
Effects of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors on liver parameters and steatosis: A meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Coelho Francisca dos Santos , Borges‐Canha Marta , von Hafe Madalena , Neves João Sérgio , Vale Catarina , Leite Ana Rita , Carvalho Davide , Leite‐Moreira Adelino 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease in Western countries and a common comorbidity with type 2 diabetes (T2D). It lacks effective pharmacotherapy. We aimed to summarize the evidence on the effects of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on liver structure and function.Materials and methodsMeta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials in PubMed, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov from their inception to April 2019. Trials evaluating liver function and/or structure and comparing SGLT2 inhibitors with placebo or other oral antidiabetic drugs in patients with T2D were included. Twenty studies (from 3033) were included. A total of 1950 patients with T2D, with or without NAFLD, were treated with SGLT2 inhibitors for at least 8 weeks, and 1900 patients were used as controls. Independent extraction was carried out by two observers. This study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis.ResultsSGLT2 inhibitors induced a significant decrease in serum alanine (−7.43U/L, [95%CI −12.14, −2.71], p < 0.01), in aspartate aminotransferases (−2.83U/L, [−4.71, −0.95], p < 0.01), as well as in gamma glutamyl transferase (−8.21U/L, [−9.52, −6.91], p < 0.01), and an increase in total plasma bilirubin (8.19% [0.79, 15.59], p < 0.01), comparing with placebo or other oral antidiabetic drugs. SGLT2 inhibitors treatment was associated with a decrease in liver steatosis (−3.39% [−6.01, −0.77], p < 0.0.1).ConclusionsTreatment with SGLT2 inhibitors improves liver structure and function in patients with T2D. This meta‐analysis suggests that SGLT2 inhibitors are a promising pharmacological approach for treatment of NAFLD.
Progress of artificial intelligence in diabetic retinopathy screening
Authors: Wang Yue‐Lin , Yang Jing‐Yun , Yang Jing‐Yuan , Zhao Xin‐Yu , Chen You‐Xin , Yu Wei‐Hong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, and the limited availability of qualified ophthalmologists restricts its early diagnosis. For the past few years, artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and has been applied in DR screening. The upcoming technology provides support on DR screening and improves the identification of DR lesions with a high sensitivity and specificity. This review aims to summarize the progress on automatic detection and classification models for the diagnosis of DR.