bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of human papillomavirus status on survival and recurrence in a geographic region with a low prevalence of HPV‐related cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: De Cicco Rafael , de Melo Menezes Rosilene , Nicolau Ulisses R. , Pinto Clovis A. L. , Villa Luisa L. , Kowalski Luiz P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is associated with better tumor‐response rates and survival outcomes. However, in some geographic regions, the impact of HPV infection on prognosis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to describe the patterns of recurrence and survival among patients treated for OPSCC in a geographic region with a reported low prevalence of HPV‐related OPSCC.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 215 patients diagnosed with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stages I to IV OPSCC who were treated with upfront surgery or radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy in a tertiary Cancer Center in Brazil. The collected data included demographic information, HPV status, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and pathologic and treatment variables. The patterns of recurrence were recorded according to HPV status. Disease‐specific survival and recurrence‐free survival were calculated.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐seven (59.1%) patients were diagnosed with HPV‐positive OPSCC. According to the AJCC eighth edition, 34 (15.8%), 71 (33%), 47 (21.9%), and 60 (27.9%) patients had stage I, II, III, and IV disease, respectively. Surgery was performed in 109 (50.7%) cases, and upfront chemoradiation regimens were provided in 104 (48.4%, P = .69) patients. Overall, the 5‐year cancer‐specific survival was 73.5% and 68.1% for patients positive and negative to HPV, respectively. Tobacco status was considered the only independent prognostic factor for survival. Furthermore, HPV status was not associated with differences in recurrence rates (P = .68). While all distant relapses were found to be lung metastases in the HPV‐negative group, we observed unusual sites of distant metastases in the HPV‐positive group.ConclusionsHPV status was not associated with higher rates of survival among the investigated population. Moreover, smoking status was considered the only independent prognostic factor for survival. Furthermore, patients with HPV‐positive tumors were more likely than patients with HPV‐negative OPSCC to have unusual distant metastases.
MicroRNA‐19a attenuates hypoxia‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by downregulating NHE‐1 expression and decreasing calcium overload
Authors: Ma Jiaqi , Chen Zhangwei , Ma Yuanji , Xia Yan , Hu Kai , Zhou You , Chen Ao , Qian Juying , Ge Junbo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractmiR‐19a has been shown to be involved in coronary microvascular obstruction injury; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In our study, we tried to explore the role of miR‐19a in cardiomyocyte apoptosis and calcium overload in vivo and in vitro induced by hypoxia. We established the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rat model by ligating the left anterior descending artery. The expression of miR‐19a in the infarct zone of AMI rats and myocardial tissue in the same position in sham rats was analyzed using RT‐qPCR while Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 1 (NHE‐1) was detected by Western blotting. We also observed the effects of overexpressing miR‐19a or administering an NHE‐1 inhibitor (cariporide) on hypoxia‐induced (HI) calcium overload and apoptosis in primary cardiomyocytes. In addition, dual‐luciferase reporter assays were conducted to investigate the potential target of miR‐19a on NHE‐1. Decreased miR‐19a expression, as well as increased apoptosis and NHE‐1 expression, were observed in the AMI model. Furthermore, after hypoxia stimulation, miR‐19a was gradually reduced as time increased in primary cardiomyocytes. Overexpressing miR‐19a using mimics ameliorated the increase in NHE‐1 in hypoxic cardiomyocytes and thereby reduced the HI cell calcium overload and cell apoptosis rate from 12.32% to 9.5% (P < .01). In addition, the dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay results verified that NHE‐1 was the direct target of miR‐19a. Our findings suggest that miR‐19a activation can attenuate HI cardiomyocyte apoptosis by downregulating NHE‐1 expression and decreasing calcium overload.
Vertical interval between hepatic segment of inferior vena cava and right atrium predicts intraoperative blood loss during hemi‐hepatectomy
Authors: Sakamoto Katsunori , Ogawa Kohei , Matsui Takashi , Utsunomiya Takeshi , Honjo Masahiko , Ueno Yoshitomo , Tamura Kei , Inoue Hitoshi , Takai Akihiro , Takada Yasutsugu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative bleeding is a major issue for hepatic surgeons because large intraoperative blood loss causes poor patient outcome. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of intraoperative bleeding during hemi‐hepatectomy.MethodsThis study enrolled 45 living donors for liver transplantation (cohort 1) and 44 patients with various conditions (cohort 2) who underwent hemi‐hepatectomy at Ehime University Hospital between January 2010 and March 2019 (Approval number: 1810024). The gap between the ventral horizontal line of the inferior vena cava (IVC) confluent with the right atrium (RA) and the dorsal horizontal line of the hepatic segment of the IVC (IVC‐RA gap) was determined from preoperative images. Cardiopulmonary and liver functions were investigated as potential predictors of intraoperative estimated blood loss (iEBL).ResultsThe IVC‐RA gap positively correlated with iEBL in cohorts 1 and 2 (r = 0.453, P = 0.002 and r = 0.443, P = 0.003, respectively), and multivariate analysis selected the IVC‐RA gap as an independent predictor of iEBL >400 ml in cohorts 1 and 2 (odds ratios 1.177 and 1.115; 95% confidence intervals 1.041–1.330 and 1.007–1.234; P = 0.009 and P = 0.036, respectively).ConclusionsThe IVC‐RA gap is a novel and simple predictor of iEBL.
Proposal of the minimal number of retrieved regional lymph nodes for accurate staging of distal bile duct cancer and clinical validation of the three‐tier lymph node staging system (AJCC 8th edition)
Authors: Kang Jae Seung , Higuchi Ryota , He Jin , Yamamoto Masakazu , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Cameron John L. , Han Youngmin , Son Donghee , Lee Seungyeon , Choi Yoo Jin , Byun Yoonhyeong , Kim Hongbeom , Kwon Wooil , Kim Sun‐Whe , Park Taesung , Jang Jin‐Young 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe minimal required number of retrieved lymph nodes (MNRLNs) to enable accurate staging of distal bile duct (DBD) adenocarcinoma remains unclear. The three‐tier 8th N staging system of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) for DBD adenocarcinoma has been recently released. The present study is aimed at proposing the MNRLNs for accurate staging and validating the 8th N stage.MethodsBetween 1991 and 2015, patients with pathologically confirmed DBD adenocarcinoma who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy were enrolled. MNRLN was calculated via a log‐rank test based on cut‐off values. The concordance index (C‐index) was utilized to compare the discrimination capability of the two‐ and three‐tier N stages.ResultsA total of 780 patients were enrolled. Lymph node (LN) positivity and 5‐year overall survival (5‐YOS) rates stabilized and significant survival differences between node‐negative and –positive patients were observed when ≥12 LNs were retrieved. 5‐YOS rates between each 8th N stage significantly differ (N0 vs. N1, P = 0.037; N1 vs. N2, P = 0.003). The C‐index of the 8th N stage was higher than that of the 7th (0.59 vs. 0.57).ConclusionsFor accurate staging, at least 12 LNs should be retrieved. The three‐tier N staging system is valid for clinical practice and has a more accurate prognostic predictability than the two‐tier system.
Unique features of the skin barrier in naked mole rats reflect adaptations to their fossorial habitat
Authors: Menon Gopinathan K. , Catania Kenneth C. , Crumrine Debra , Bradley Charles , Mauldin Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe stratum corneum (SC), the top layer of the epidermis, is the functional site of the skin barrier and serves to maintain hydration of the body by preventing water loss and thwarting the entrance of pathogens. The naked mole rat (NMR) (Heterocephalus glaber) is a rodent that resides in hypoxic underground tunnels in arid Africa. NMRs are not only hairless; their skin is devoid of glands and pain sensation. To understand how the skin barrier of the NMR is uniquely adapted to this environment, skin samples from the dorsum and ventral abdomen in one adult and one neonate were examined by transmission electron microscopy using both reduced osmium tetroxide to assess overall structure and ruthenium tetroxide post‐fixation to assess lipid organization. These findings were compared with that of hairless mice—a well‐defined model for skin barrier studies. The plasticity of the skin was evaluated on 10 NMRs from a colony at the Philadelphia Zoo in humid and dry conditions by measuring cutaneous hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and pH. The epidermal ultrastructure of the NMR differed from hairless mice by having the following features: decreased content of lamellar bodies (LBs), higher LB pleomorphism, periodic presence of abnormal lipid bilayers, and an unusually thick SC. The NMRs developed significant TEWL and a trend toward decreased hydration when subjected to dry conditions. While these features illustrate an imperfect skin barrier in terrestrial mammals, they likely represent adaptations of the poikilothermic NMRs to their unique natural fossorial climate. Prolonged exposure to decreased humidity could possibly lead to adverse health effects in this species.
The characteristics and temporal variability of föhn winds at King Edward Point, South Georgia
Authors: Bannister Daniel , King John C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe mountainous subantarctic island of South Georgia lies within the belt of strong westerly winds that blow around the Southern Ocean. Interaction of the prevailing circumpolar westerly winds with the island's central mountain chain, which rises to nearly 3,000 m, generates warm, dry föhn winds on the downwind side of the island, which are a significant feature of the local climate. We make use of 10 years of automatic weather station observations from King Edward Point (KEP), on the northeastern (climatologically downwind) coast of South Georgia, to develop a climatology of the occurrence and properties of föhn winds in this region. Using objective criteria to identify the onset and cessation of föhn, we find that KEP experiences föhn conditions for around 30% of the time. Föhn events last for about 30 hr on average and are associated with significant increases in temperature and wind speed, and decreases in relative humidity. On average, a föhn event is observed every 4 days, with little seasonal variation seen in the frequency of occurrence. However, föhn events observed during the austral summer season are, on average, both longer and more intense (as measured by changes in temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed) than those occurring in other seasons. The fraction of the time for which föhn conditions are observed at KEP increases (decreases) during months when the prevailing westerlies are strengthened (weakened). Monthly mean temperatures at KEP are positively correlated with the föhn fraction but variations in the latter only explain 16% of the variance of monthly mean temperature. We conclude that, while föhn plays an important role in shaping the local climate of South Georgia, other processes may be of greater importance in controlling regional climate variability and change.
Comparative study of multivariative analysis methods of blood Raman spectra classification
Authors: Bratchenko Lyudmila A. , Bratchenko Ivan A. , Lykina Anastasiya A. , Komarova Marina V. , Artemyev Dmitry N. , Myakinin Oleg O. , Moryatov Alexander A. , Davydkin Igor L. , Kozlov Sergey V. , Zakharov Valery P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe pathological state of a human body leads to altered biochemical composition of body fluids. Conventional biochemical analysis of body fluids is notable for its low‐informative value in localizing a particular pathology. As an alternative, Raman spectroscopy provides detailed evaluation of blood characteristics at the molecular level. Raman blood spectra are characterized by multicollinearity as well as by the presence of autofluorescence background and noises of different nature. Choice of a proper method for experimental data processing of blood spectra is crucial for obtaining statistically reliable information regarding a pathological process in the body. This study examines different approaches to multidimensional analysis of the various‐size Raman spectral dataset of human blood samples by a cost‐effective Raman setup in a clinical setting. To discriminate blood samples by the pathology type, statistical processing of experimental data is performed by factor analysis, logistic regression, discriminant analysis, classification tree, projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), and soft independent modeling of class analogies. Comparative analysis of the discussed multivariate methods demonstrates that the PLS‐DA method (sensitivity 0.75, specificity 0.81, and accuracy 0.76) proved to be the most effective for the classification of blood samples by cancer localization. In terms of classification for the presence of hyperproteinemia, the most efficient are the logistic regression method (sensitivity 0.89, specificity 0.99, and accuracy 0.97) and the discriminant analysis method (sensitivity 0.83, specificity 1.0, and accuracy 0.97). In general, the selected multivariate methods could serve as a reliable tool for analyzing spectral characteristics of body fluids.
Determining multi‐pesticide residues in teas by dispersive solid‐phase extraction combined with speed‐regulated directly suspended droplet microextraction followed by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Jianxun , Shan Jihao , Kong Zhiqiang , Fan Chunlin , Zhang Zijuan , Fan Bei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, an effective speed‐regulated directly suspended droplet microextraction method was developed to condense pesticide residues from teas through dispersive solid‐phase extraction prior to analysis by gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The extractant was intentionally dispersed into the sample solution in the form of globules through high‐speed agitation. This procedure increases the contact area between the binary phases and shortens the distribution equilibrium time. The fine globules reassembled by decelerating stirring speed, the extractant could be taken out for gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Recovery studies were performed under optimized extraction conditions by using matrix blanks fortified with pesticides at three concentrations (10, 50, and 100 µg/kg). Over 87% of the recoveries for the analytes in four tea matrices were acceptable given their recovery ranges of 70–120% and relative standard deviations of ≤20%. The limits of quantification of most pesticides were lower than 10 µg/kg and thus satisfied the requirements for maximum residue levels prescribed by the European Community. A total of 38 tea samples from local markets were analyzed by using the proposed method. Results showed that chlorpyrifos was the most frequently detected pesticide in teas. The method is a potential choice for the routine monitoring of pesticide residues in complex matrices.
Shear Wave Elastographic Investigation of the Immediate Effects of Slump Neurodynamics in People With Sciatica
Authors: Neto Tiago , Freitas Sandro R. , Andrade Ricardo J. , Vaz João R. , Mendes Bruno , Firmino Telmo , Bruno Paula M. , Nordez Antoine , Oliveira Raúl 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesNeurodynamic techniques are often used to treat people with sciatica pain, but their mechanical effects on the sciatic nerve are unknown. Shear wave elastography (SWE) has been shown to effectively estimate the stiffness of peripheral nerves in real time. The aim of this study was to use SWE to assess the effects of slump neurodynamics in the sciatic stiffness of people with sciatica.MethodsSixteen participants volunteered for this study. The sciatic stiffness of 8 patients with unilateral chronic sciatica and 8 healthy control participants was measured by SWE, with the participants in a prone position and during a dynamic condition (ie, ankle dorsiflexion). These measurements were performed before and immediately after the neurodynamic intervention, which consisted of a static slump position applied to the symptomatic limb of the patients with sciatica and in a randomly chosen limb of the healthy participants.ResultsThe 8 patients with sciatica included 6 male and 2 female patients, and the 8 healthy control participants included 5 male and 3 female volunteers. Slump neurodynamics resulted in an immediate decrease in the sciatic nerve stiffness of the symptomatic limb in people with sciatica by 16.1% (effect size = 0.65; P = .019). The intervention showed no significant changes in the sciatic nerve stiffness of the healthy participants (effect size = 0.05; P = .754).ConclusionsSlump neurodynamics have the potential of decreasing the sciatic nerve stiffness in people with sciatica, and this effect can be quantified by SWE, which may provide valuable information for health professionals.
miR‐15a regulates oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)‐induced neuronal injury by targeting BDNF
Authors: Hu Jie‐Jie , Qin Li‐Jun , Liu Zhi‐Yan , Liu Pei , Wei Hai‐Ping , Wang Hao‐Yue , Zhao Chong‐Chong , Ge Zhao‐Ming 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMultiple microRNAs (miRs) have also been implicated in ischemic brain injury. This research intended to probe the regulatory function and the mechanism of miR‐15a on the ischemic brain injury induced by oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in neurons of rats. The OGD/R model was established with the cortical neurons separated from rats. After transfection with miR‐15a mimic negative control (NC), miR‐15a mimic, miR‐15a inhibitor NC and miR‐15a inhibitor, the OGD/R‐induced apoptosis were detected. Using bioinformatic softwares including TargetScan, miRanda, and miRWalk to predict the underlying targets of miR‐15a, and the binding of miR‐15a with brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were validated with double‐fluorescein reporter assay system. The expression levels of BDNF mRNA and protein were detected with qRT‐PCR and western blot. The effect of miR‐15a on PI3K/AKT pathway in neurons submitted to OGD/R was also investigated. The findings showed that miR‐15a may mediate the apoptosis of neurons submitted to OGD/R, and lower expression of Bcl‐2 and higher expression of Bax and cleaved caspase‐3 were observed. BDNF was screened as the candidate target, and the direct binding of miR‐15a with 3′‐UTR of BDNF were verified. Further research showed that miR‐15a downregulated the expression of BDNF mRNA and protein, thus exerted negative regulatory effect on the OGD/R injury. PI3K/AKT pathway may be related to the regulatory effect of miR‐15a. Our findings contribute to uncovering novel pathogenesis for ischemic brain injury.
Association of SLC26A4 mutations, morphology, and hearing in pendred syndrome and NSEVA
Authors: Mey Kristianna , Muhamad Ali A. , Tranebjærg Lisbeth , Rendtorff Nanna D. , Rasmussen Stig H. , Bille Michael , Cayé‐Thomasen Per 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the relations of monoallelic (M1), biallelic (M2), or the absence of mutations (M0) in SLC26A4 to inner ear morphology and hearing levels in individuals with Pendred syndrome (PS) or nonsyndromic enlarged vestibular aqueduct (NSEVA) associated with hearing loss.MethodsIn a cohort of 139 PS/NSEVA individuals, 115 persons from 95 unrelated families had full genetic sequencing of SLC26A4, and 113 had retrievable images for re‐assessment of inner ear morphology. The association between the number of mutant alleles in SLC26A4, inner ear morphology (including endolymphatic sac size and protein content on magnetic resonance imaging), and hearing level (pure tone average) was explored.ResultsBiallelic SLC26A4 mutations (M2) occurred in three‐quarters of the cohort and was invariably associated with poor hearing; in 87%, it was associated with incomplete partition type II of the cochlea as well as enlarged endolymphatic sac and vestibular aqueduct. M1 or M0 individuals exhibited a greater variability in inner ear morphology. Endolymphatic sac size and presence of “high‐protein” sac contents were significantly higher in M2 individuals compared to M1 and M0 individuals.ConclusionThe number of SLC26A4 mutations is associated with severity and variability of inner ear morphology and hearing level in individuals with PS or NSEVA. M2 individuals have poorer hearing and present largely incomplete partition type II of the cochleas with enlarged endolymphatic sacs, whereas individuals with M1 and no detectable SLC26A4 mutations have less severe hearing loss and more diverse inner ear morphology.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 129:2574–2579, 2019
Nonselective Reinnervation as a Primary or Salvage Treatment of Unilateral Vocal Fold Palsy
Authors: Marie Jean‐Paul , Hansen Kevin , Brami Philippe , Marronnier Adrien , Bon‐Mardion Nicolas 
Published: October 2019

Objectives/HypothesisDemonstration of voice improvement and long‐term stability following nonselective unilateral laryngeal reinnervation (ULR) in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) and severe denervation. A subgroup of patients on whom ULR was performed as a salvage technique following unsuccessful medialization was analyzed separately.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsThe ansa cervicalis–recurrent laryngeal nerve anastomosis technique was performed in all patients. Pre‐ and postoperative voice analysis included voice questionnaires, voice assessment by senior laryngologists using the Hirano Voice Scale, and computer‐assisted voice analysis at defined time points over the course of 36 months. Laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) and spirometry were performed before and 1 year after ULR.ResultsSignificant linear improvement of mean voice quality over time was observed in the majority of parameters measured in 48 ULR patients and in eight ULR salvage patients. LEMG 1 year after ULR showed new recruitment. Mean voice quality remained stable during follow‐up in all ULR patients and in the ULR salvage group.ConclusionsNonselective ULR in UVFP is a reliable and stable therapeutic option for patients with high expectations concerning voice quality. The effect is stable in long‐term results. It is also a viable option for patients in whom conventional voice surgery failed to improve voice quality. We therefore propose ULR as salvage option in UVFP.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 130:1756–1763, 2020
Facile Synthesis of Poly(Glycidyl Ether)s with Ionic Pendant Groups by Thiol‐Ene Reactions
Authors: Hatakeyama‐Sato Kan , Kimura Satoshi , Matsumoto Satoshi , Oyaizu Kenichi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPoly(glycidyl ether)s having trifluoromethanesulfonylimide or imidazolium pendant groups are synthesized by thiol‐ene reactions. The precise synthesis of a precursor polymer, poly(allyl glycidyl ether), and the following click reactions enable the facile preparation of the polyelectrolytes with the controlled length of main and side chains. The low glass transition temperature (<<0 °C) of the polyethers is beneficial to provide a conductivity as high as 10−6 S cm−1 at room temperature, without compositing any additives. The synthetic approach has advantages of clearly comparing the structural effects of the introduced functional groups and facilely preparing the comprehensive types of polymers.