bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Pediatric Patient Readiness for Gastrostomy Placement via Caregiver's Preconsult Involvement
Authors: Albin Dawn , McCormick Christa 
Published: December 2019

Introduction
Patients and families referred for gastrostomy tube placement were rarely informed or prepared for the presurgical evaluations required to schedule surgery. These requirements are embedded in a Gastrostomy Readiness Checklist (GRC) that must be completed before scheduling surgery. The GRC was intended to be initiated by the referring provider, yet this was rarely done. As a result, registered nurses (RNs) assumed responsibility for the GRC. Families were often dissatisfied with the need for additional appointments and delayed surgery scheduling. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to increase readiness for surgery by better preparing families for the consult, while decreasing RN involvement in the GRC.

Methods
The GRC was placed on a Web-based platform that schedulers asked parents to complete before the consult. A standard process was created for RNs to obtain orders for presurgical evaluations so all appointments could be scheduled on the same day.

Results
GRC initiation increased 38% by transitioning it to caregivers. The need for additional presurgical visits decreased 62%. The ability to immediately schedule surgery increased 36%. RN clinic preparation time decreased by 28%.

Discussion
Implementation of a standard process for coordinating presurgical evaluations improved readiness to schedule surgery at the time of consult and reduced the need for additional clinic visits. Giving families advanced access to the GRC increased knowledge of gastrostomy placement requirements. RNs' satisfaction increased with more time available for other patient care priorities. There is an opportunity to improve GRC initiation by families through better training of the scheduling team.
Effect of Malnutrition on Hearing Loss in Children
Authors: Close Michaela F. , Mehta Charmee H. , van Swol Josh , Dornhoffer James R. , Liu Yuan F. , Nguyen Shaun A. , McRackan Theodore R. , Meyer Ted A. 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
To characterize the relation between protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) and hearing loss (HL) in children.

Study Design:
Retrospective review.

Setting:
Tertiary referral hospital.

Patients:
Children in the Audiological and Genetic Database with a diagnosis of protein-calorie malnutrition, marasmus, and/or kwashiorkor.

Interventions:
None.

Main Outcome Measures:
Prevalence, type, severity (4-tone pure-tone average, PTA), and progression of HL.

Results:
Of 770 children with PCM, 57.8% had HL, compared to 45.5% of children without PCM (p < 0.001). Severely malnourished children had significantly higher odds of moderate-profound HL (aOR 2.27, 95% CI 1.47–3.43), high-frequency HL (aOR 1.82, 95% CI 1.21–2.75), and sensorineural or mixed HL (aOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.05–2.41) compared to children without PCM. Severely malnourished children had significantly worse initial (35.0 dB vs 25.0 dB, p < 0.001), and final median PTA (31.3 dB vs 20.0 dB, p < 0.001) compared to children without PCM. Additionally, HL in children who were moderately and severely malnourished was significantly less likely to improve (aOR 0.47, 95% CI 0.25–0.82 and aOR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.9) when compared to those without PCM.

Conclusions:
Given the greater prevalence and severity of hearing loss, children with PCM should be considered an at-risk group for poor audiological outcomes, and clinical practice should focus on early treatment and intervention for malnourished children. Routine audiological evaluation should be considered in this population.
Association of Primary Language and Hospitalization for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions
Authors: Anderson Timothy S. , Karliner Leah S. , Lin Grace A. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Limited English proficiency is associated with decreased access to ambulatory care, however, it is unclear if this disparity leads to increased use of emergency departments (EDs) for low severity ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs).

Objective:
We sought to determine the association between the patient’s preferred language and hospital utilization for ACSCs.

Research Design:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all ED visits in New Jersey in 2013 and 2014. The primary outcome was hospital admission for acute ACSCs, chronic ACSCs, and fractures (a nonambulatory care sensitive control condition). Secondary outcomes included intensive care unit (ICU) utilization and length of stay. Mixed-effect regression models estimated the association between preferred language (English vs. non-English) and study outcomes, controlling for demographics, comorbidities, and hospital characteristics.

Results:
We examined 201,351 ED visits for acute ACSCs, 251,193 visits for chronic ACSCs, and 148,428 visits for fractures, of which 13.5%, 11.1%, and 9.9%, respectively, were by non-English speakers. In adjusted analyses, non-English speakers were less likely to be admitted for acute ACSCs [−3.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI), −3.6% to −2.5%] and chronic ACSCs (−2.3%; 95% CI, −2.8% to −1.7%) but not fractures (0.4%; 95% CI, −0.2% to 1.0%). Among hospitalized patients, non-English speakers were less likely to receive ICU services but had no difference in length of stay.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest non–English-speaking patients may seek ED care for lower acuity ACSCs than English-speaking patients. Efforts to decrease preventable ED and increase access to ambulatory care use should consider the needs of non–English-speaking patients.
Perioperative Outcome Differences Between Pain Management Protocols in Cleft Alveolar Bone Grafting
Authors: Patel Viren , Yang Robin , Paine Kaitlyn M. , Low David W. , Taylor Jesse A. , Jackson Oksana A. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
Postoperative hip pain is commonly reported after anterior iliac crest harvest for alveolar bone grafting. The goal of this study is to describe our institution's experience and examine the efficacy of our pain management protocols.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed by abstracting demographic, operative, and pain management data from January 2011 to April 2013. Paired t-tests and Fisher exact tests were used to examine differences when comparing 2 groups, while ANOVA was used to examine difference between the 3 protocols for harvest and pain management: trapdoor technique and local anesthetic injection (TD+LAI), TD and pain catheter (TD+PC), and split crest and LAI.

Results:
Eighty-four patients, 52 males (61.9%), averaging 8.8 years old (±2.9) were included. Postoperatively, 17 (71%) patients in the PC group received IV narcotics compared to 27 (45%) in those without a PC (P = .03). When comparing all 3 protocols, no significant difference was found in IV morphine usage or duration of IV morphine treatment. In subgroup analysis, when patients in the groups TD+PC versus TD+LAI were examined, those in the TD+PC group had significantly shorter hospital stays and were more likely to go home postoperative day 1 (P = .03; P = .04).

Conclusions:
Overall, patients tolerated alveolar bone grafting well regardless of harvest technique or pain management approach. While indwelling PCs did not significantly decrease IV morphine usage, these patients had significantly shorter lengths of stays.
Perioperative Risk Factors for Radial Forearm-Free Flap Complications
Authors: Wang Chengli , Fu Ganglan , Ji Fengtao , Cheng Shi , Liu Zhongqi , Cao Minghui 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
To determine perioperative risk factors predicted complications in elderly Chinese patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial reconstruction with radial forearm free flaps (RFFF).

Patients and Methods:
The authors implemented a retrospective study and enrolled a sample of patients at least 65-year old who underwent resection of oral and maxillofacial tumors and RFFF reconstruction from January 2011 to June 2018. Predictor variables were divided into: demographic variables (gender, age, weight, comorbidities, history of smoking, radiotherapy history, primary lesions); hemodynamic (preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin and albumin level, blood loss, blood transfusion, urine output (mL), and rate (mL/kg/h), and infusion rates for crystalloids and colloids (mL/kg/h, and volumes given intraoperatively and postoperatively for 24 hours); anesthetic and surgical (American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, visual analogue score, duration of tourniquet, and operation). The primary outcome was the presence of postoperative complications (yes/no), and secondary outcome was types of complications (medical and surgical). All the variables were analyzed by univariate and multivariable analysis and statistical significance was set at a P < 0.05

Results:
The study sample was composed of 118 patients with a mean age of 72 years. There were 15 complications, of which 9 were surgical and 6 medical. Risk factors were: postoperative hypoproteinemia, crystal in 24 hours, and hypertension combined with diabetes.

Conclusions:
Although reconstruction with a RFFF is a common and safe treatment for elderly patients with oral and maxillofacial tumors, postoperative hypoproteinemia, crystal in 24 hours, and hypertension combined with diabetes are potential predictors of postoperative complications.
Parapharyngeal Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma in a 5-Year-Old Child
Authors: Hakeem Arsheed H. , Patel Balaji K. , Swain Meenakshi , Javaid Hassaan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare malignancy of head and neck region; orbit and tongue being most common subsites affected by this rare tumor. A 5-year-old female presented with computed tomography scan evidence of right-sided prestyloid parapharyngeal mass. Complete excision was performed through trans-cervical approach. Histopathology, special stain, and immunohistochemistry of the resected specimen confirmed the diagnosis of ASPS. Three-year follow-up did not reveal any local recurrence or distant metastases. Review of the English-language scientific literature did not reveal any documented case of parapharyngeal space ASPS in pediatric age. Only 1 clinical report of ASPS in a 42-year-old female has been documented.
Light-induced polyp retraction and tissue rupture in the photosensitive, reef-building coral Acropora muricata
Authors: Laissue Pierre Philippe , Gu Yan , Qian Chen , Smith David J. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTCoral reefs are in alarming decline due to climate emergency, pollution and other man-made disturbances. The numerous ecosystem services derived from coral reefs are underpinned by the growth and physical complexity of reef-forming corals. Our knowledge of their fundamental biology is limited by available technology. We need a better understanding of larval settlement and development, skeletogenesis, interactions with pathogens and symbionts, and how this biology interacts with environmental factors such as light exposure, temperature, and ocean acidification. We here focus on a fast-growing key coloniser, Acropora muricata. To enable dynamic imaging of the photosensitive organism at different scales, we developed light-sheet illumination for fluorescence microscopy of small coral colonies. Our approach reveals live polyps in previously unseen detail. An imaging range for Acropora muricata with no measurable photodamage is defined based upon polyp expansion, coral tissue reaction, and photobleaching. We quantify polyp retraction as a photosensitive behavioural response and show sparse zooxanthellar expulsion and coral tissue rupture at higher intensities of blue light. The simple and flexible technique enables non-invasive continuous dynamic imaging of highly photosensitive organisms with sizes between 1 mm3 and 5 cm3, for eight hours, at high temporal resolution, on a scale from multiple polyps down to cellular resolution. This live imaging tool opens a new window into the dynamics of reef-building corals.
System-level analyses of keystone genes required for mammalian tooth development
Authors: Hallikas Outi , Roy Rishi Das , Christensen Mona M. , Renvoisé Elodie , Sulic Ana-Marija , Jernvall Jukka 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhen a null mutation of a gene causes a complete developmental arrest, the gene is typically considered essential for life. Yet, in most cases null mutations have more subtle effects on the phenotype. Here we used the phenotypic severity of mutations as a tool to examine system-level dynamics of gene expression. We classify genes required for the normal development of the mouse molar into different categories that range from essential to subtle modification of the phenotype. Collectively, we call these the developmental keystone genes. Transcriptome profiling using microarray and RNAseq analyses of patterning stage mouse molars show highly elevated expression levels for genes essential for the progression of tooth development, a result reminiscent of essential genes in single cell organisms. Elevated expression levels of progression genes were also detected in developing rat molars, suggesting evolutionary conservation of this system-level dynamics. Single-cell RNAseq analyses of developing mouse molars reveal that even though the size of the expression domain, measured in number of cells, is the main driver of organ-level expression, progression genes show high cell-level transcript abundances. Progression genes are also upregulated within their pathways, which themselves are highly expressed. In contrast, a high proportion of the genes required for normal tooth patterning are secreted ligands that are expressed in fewer cells than their receptors and intracellular components. Overall, even though expression patterns of individual genes can be highly different, conserved system-level principles of gene expression can be detected using phenotypically defined gene categories.
Depurination of colibactin-derived interstrand cross-links
Authors: Xue Mengzhao , Wernke Kevin M. , Herzon Seth B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractColibactin is a genotoxic gut microbiome metabolite long suspected of playing an etiological role in colorectal cancer progression. Evidence suggests colibactin forms DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) in eukaryotic cells and activates ICL repair pathways, leading to the production of ICL-dependent DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Here we show that colibactin ICLs can evolve directly to DNA DSBs. Using the topology of supercoiled plasmid DNA as a proxy for alkylation adduct stability, we show that colibactin-derived ICLs are unstable toward depurination and elimination of the 3′ phosphate. This pathway leads progressively to the formation of nicks SSBs and cleavage DSBs and is consistent with the earlier determination that non-homologous end joining repair-deficient cells are sensitized to colibactin-producing bacteria. The results herein further our understanding of colibactin-derived DNA damage and underscore the complexities underlying the DSB phenotype.
Dorsal Premotor Cortex Involved in Hand Gesture Preparation in Macaques
Authors: Sun Guanghao , Zhang Shaomin , Wang Ruixue , Hao Yaoyao , Chen Weidong , Zheng Xiaoxiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractReaching to grasp movement is thought to rely upon two independent brain pathways. The dorsomedial one is involved in reaching while the dorsolateral one is dealing with grasping. However, some recent evidences suggested that the dorsomedial pathway might participate in grasp movement. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether PMd is involved in grasp planning, and if participating, what kind of role PMd played in grasp planning. In this study, two macaques monkeys were trained to grasp same object by instructing or freely choosing one of two grips, power grip or hook grip. A 96-channel microelectrode array was implanted to collect the population activity of PMd in each subject. Both single unit activity and population activity were analyzed. We found that nearly 21.0% and 26.8% units in PMd of two monkeys displayed grip selectivity during gesture planning in both instructing or freely choosing conditions. These units exhibit selectivity for different gestures when facing the identical visual stimuli (freely choosing condition). At the same time, similar activity patterns are displayed for the same gesture when faced with different selection strategies (freely choosing condition vs. instructing condition). These results show that some neurons of PMd are mainly involved in the hand shape preparation and have no obvious relationship with external visual stimuli and selection strategies.
MLL4 is required for the first embryonic collective cell migration whereas MLL3 is not required until birth
Authors: Ashokkumar Deepthi , Zhang Qinyu , Much Christian , Bledau Anita S. , Fu Jun , Anastassiadis Konstantinos , Stewart A. Francis , Kranz Andrea 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMethylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) is a major epigenetic system associated with gene expression. In mammals there are six H3K4 methyltransferases related to yeast Set1 and fly Trithorax, including two orthologs of fly Trithorax-related: MLL3 and MLL4. Exome sequencing has documented high frequencies ofMll3andMll4mutations in many types of human cancer. Despite this emerging importance, the requirements of these sister genes in mammalian development have only been incompletely reported. Here we examined the null phenotypes to establish that MLL3 is first required for lung maturation whereas MLL4 is first required for migration of the anterior visceral endoderm (AVE) that initiates gastrulation and is the first collective cell migration in development. This migration is preceded by a columnar to squamous transition in visceral endoderm cells that depends on MLL4. Furthermore,Mll4mutants display incompletely penetrant, sex distorted, embryonic haploinsufficiency and adult heterozygous mutants show aspects of Kabuki syndrome, indicating that MLL4 action, unlike MLL3, is dosage dependent. The highly specific and discordant functions of these sister genes argues against their action as general enhancer factors.Summary statementThe H3K4 methyltransferases MLL3 and MLL4 have strikingly different null phenotypes during mouse development; MLL3 is required for lung maturation whereas MLL4 is required for anterior visceral endoderm migration.
Decentralized fuzzy C-means robust algorithm for continuous systems
Authors: Chen Tim , Chen J.C.Y. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to address the robust controller design problem for a class of fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm that is robust against both the plant parameter perturbations and controller gain variations. Based on Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model description, the stability and control problems of nonlinear systems are studied.

Design/methodology/approach
A recently proposed integral inequality is selected based on the free-weight matrix, and the less conservative stability criterion is given in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs).

Findings
Under the premise that the controller and the system share the same, the method does not require the number of membership functions and rules.

Practical implications
Furthermore, the modified controller in a large-scale nonlinear system is utilized as a stability criterion for a closed-loop T-S fuzzy system obtained by LMI, and is rearranged by a machine learning membership function.

Originality/value
The closed-loop controller criterion is derived by energy functions to guarantee the stability of systems. Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the results.
Service recovery satisfaction and customer commitment in the airline business
Authors: Matikiti Rosemary , Mpinganjira Mercy , Roberts-Lombard Mornay 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the precursors and outcomes of service recovery satisfaction and customer commitment among airline business customers.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from airline travellers in South Africa using a structured questionnaire. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the proposed hypotheses.

Findings
The results revealed that recovery expectations and perceived equity exert significant influence on levels of recovery satisfaction, which in turn influence overall satisfaction, trust and commitment. The study also revealed that trust and overall satisfaction are antecedents of customer commitment and that customer commitment has a significant positive relationship with positive word of mouth. It was also established that the quality of past service performance moderates the relationship between recovery satisfaction and commitment.

Practical implications
Airlines are advised to stimulate customer trust in the service delivery process through transparency in the procedures by which they resolve service failures and to remain committed to their service recovery promises to customers. It is also proposed that airlines should secure increased positive word of mouth through offering satisfactory service recovery.

Originality/value
Very little research in the South African context exists which focusses on the influence of customers satisfaction and commitment in the airline industry. This paper helps in establishing the antecedents of customer commitment after service failure in the airline industry.
The struggles for land rights by rural women in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Massay Godfrey 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide examples of how rural women in Tanzania have addressed land rights challenges, showcasing three interventions implemented by Tanzanian Civil Society Organizations. It demonstrates that women have used both legal and traditional systems to negotiate and mediate their claims to land. Although the interventions featured have been greatly shaped by the work of civil society organizations, they have equally been influenced by rural women movements and individual rural women. The cases selected provide understanding of women’s land rights issues in both privately and communally held property/land.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents literature review of the existing secondary data on the subject coupled with the interviews.FindingsInformal and formal approaches have been used by rural women to negotiate their claims on both communal and private lands. CSOs have equally shaped the approaches employed by rural women.Research limitations/implicationsThis research was mainly based on the secondary data and few key interviews. There is a need to conduct further analysis of the issues.Practical implicationsThis paper highlights the role of CSOs in improving the participation of women in decision-making bodies. The wave of large-scale land-based investments has caused insecurity of land tenure for women. The paper shows some ways to address the problem in communal lands.Social implicationsSocially, the papers shows the power relations involved in the struggles over land, as well as the role of traditional systems and bylaws in protecting the rights of women.Originality/valueThe paper provides dynamics of gendered approach used by women to negotiate their claims in communally held lands. It also highlights the role and space of local and international CSOs in shaping the local context of resistance on land rights. It is a very useful paper for academics and practitioners working on land rights.