bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resting energy expenditure from DXA: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Venturini Ana Claudia Rossini , Silva Analiza Mónica , Abdalla Pedro Pugliesi , Santos André Pereira , Borges Franciane Goes , Alves Thiago Cândido , Siqueira Vitor Antonio Assis Alves , Alves Natália Maíra da Cruz , Ferriolli Eduardo , Coelho Eduardo Barbosa , Machado Dalmo Roberto Lopes 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The traditional methods used to estimate Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) is bases of the indirect calorimetry (IC) is a global approach, and does not consider the different metabolic activities of organs (heart, kidney and liver), bone tissue (BT), adipose tissue (AT) and skeletal muscle tissue (SMT). Then, our objective is to validate a 3C approach model of REE measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) based on IC. Methods: Participated in this cross-sectional study 155 college students, both sexes (18 to 30 years old). Anthropometric measures, REEs estimated via IC and whole-body DXA-scan (3C approach) were determined. The REE of each component was determined after transforming the DXA components at the molecular level to the organ tissue level. Bland-Altman and proportional bias analysis were used to verify agreement between methods (IC and DXA). Results: The results show significant ( p<0.05 ) higher fat-free mass index (FFMI), cranial area and residual tissue (RT) in men. And they have smaller amounts of fat mass (FM) and AT in comparison to women. Also higher REEs ( p <0.001) were found among men for all components in comparison to women, except for AT expenditure ( p <0.001). Conclusions: This approach has important implications for the interpretation of multicomponent energy metabolism, considering interpersonal differences in terms of heat production. It is a strategy applicable in the health and sports contexts to prescribe exercises and diets because it shows the REE magnitude of each body component.
XXYLT1&nbsp;Methylation Contributes to the Occurrence of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zeng Hui , wang ying , wang ying , zhang yongjun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to observe the methylation levels and mRNA expression of XXYLT1 and to further analyze their possible correlation with the risk of lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: Thirty patients with lung adenocarcinoma (fifteen men and fifteen women) were recruited in this study. Cancer tissues and para-carcinoma tissues were obtained from each of the patients. The expression levels of XXYLT1 mRNA were determined, and the DNA methylation status was analyzed by MassARRAY Spectrometry. The methylation data of individual units were generated by EpiTyper v1.0.5 software. Results: Among the male patients, the expression level of XXYLT1 mRNA was significantly higher in the para-carcinoma tissues compared to the cancer tissues. Meanwhile, among the male patients, the methylation rates of three CpG units (CpG_23, CpG_25, and CpG_60.61.62.63.64.65) within the XXYLT1 gene were lower in the para-carcinoma tissues compared to the cancer tissues.Conclusions: Our results show that XXYLT1 mRNA was down-regulated and methylation rates were increased in lung adenocarcinoma tissues than in para-carcinoma tissues. These suggested that methylation of XXYLT1 may have significance in the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma. Additional research is required to elucidate this aspect.
VSL#3 Prevents Ulcerative Colitis Carcinogenesis in Mice and Cell by Regulating Inflammatory and Wnt/β-catenin Pathway
Authors: Li Wenbin , Wang Yanan , Wang Chunsaier , Wang Hongying , Ma Yiming , Yang Hong , Zhao Xinhua , Hu Xiaomin , Kao John Y , Qian Jiaming , Owyang Chung , Li Jingnan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background : The exact mechanism of how VSL#3 prevents ulcerative colitis (UC) carcinogenesis is still not clear. We aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of VSL#3 on UC carcinogenesis in mice and cell. Methods: In mice, C57BL/6 mice were given azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium to establish the UC carcinogenesis model. The treatment groups received 5-ASA, VSL#3, 5-ASA combined with VSL#3 by gavage. The tumor load was compared in each group. TNF-α, IL-6 levels in colon tissue, the transcription activity of NF-κB and TCF-4 as well as the β-catenin distribution in the nuclei were assessed. In cell, Caco-2 cells, CCC-HIE-2 cells was co-cultured with Bifidobacterium, and was stimulated by IL-6 and TNF-α respectively. The relative luciferase activity, mRNA and protein level of β-catenin, expression of β-catenin in nucleoprotein, level of inflammatory factors, and transcriptional activity of NF-κB and TCF-4 was measured. Results: In mice, compared with the model control group, in VSL#3 and 5-ASA+VSL#3 groups, the tumor loads significantly decreased, the TNF-α and IL-6 level, the transcription activity of NF-κB, β-catenin expression in the nuclei, and transcription activity of TCF-4 were significantly lower. In cell, the level of TNF-α and IL-6 was down-regulated, transcription activities of NF-κB and TCF-4 were decreased, and the expression level of β-catenin in nucleus was distinctly declined in the Bifidobacterium co-culture group compared with non-co-culture group. Conclusion: VSL#3 inhibit tumor formation in UC carcinogenesis mice model by regulating inflammatory and Wnt/β-catenin Pathway. Similarly, Bifidobacterium co-culture can inhibit the activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cell. Key Words: VSL#3, Ulcerative colitis carcinogenesis, Wnt/β-catenin
Use of Immunostaining for the Diagnosis of Lymphovascular Invasion in Superficial Barrett’s Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hosono Isao , Miyahara Ryoji , Furukawa Kazuhiro , Funasaka Kohei , Sawada Tsunaki , Maeda Keiko , Yamamura Takeshi , Ishikawa Takuya , Ohno Eizaburo , Nakamura Masanao , Kawashima Hiroki , Yokoi Takio , Hirooka Yoshiki , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of Barrett’s esophageal adenocarcinoma (BEA) is increasing in Japan. Accurate assessment of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) after endoscopic resection or surgery is essential in evaluating treatment response. This study aimed to assess the usefulness of immunostaining in determining the extent of LVI in superficial BEA.Methods: We included 41 patients who underwent endoscopic resection or surgery between January 2007 and July 2018. In all cases, 3-µm serial sections from paraffin-embedded resected specimens were used for hematoxylin and eosin (H-E) staining and immunostaining for D2-40 and CD31. A specialized gastrointestinal pathologist (T.Y.), blinded to clinical information, evaluated the extent of LVI from these specimens. The LVI-positivity rate was evaluated with respect to the depth of invasion, changes in the positivity rate on immunostaining, pathological characteristics of patients with LVI, lymph node metastasis or relapse, and course after treatment.Results: H-E staining alone identified LVI in 7 patients (positivity rate: 17.1%). Depths of invasion were categorized based on extension to the submucosa (SM) or deeper. On immunostaining for D2-40 and CD31, additional positivity was detected in 2 and 1 patients with SM1 and 1 SM3, respectively; LVI was detected in 10 patients (positivity rate: 24.4%). LVI-positivity rates with invasion of the superficial muscularis mucosa (SMM)/lamina propria (LPM)/deep muscularis mucosa (DMM), and SM 1, 2, and 3 were 0%, 75%, 28.6%, and 55.6%, respectively.Conclusions: Combined H-E staining and immunostaining is useful in diagnosing LVI in superficial BEA, particularly in endoscopically resected specimens.
Active constituents of Zanthoxylum nitidum from Yunnan Province against leukemia
Authors: Deng Ying , Ding Tongtong , Deng Lulu , Hao Xiaojiang , Mu Shu Zhen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Zanthoxylum nitidium (Roxb.) DC (Rutaceae) is well known for inhibiting the proliferation of human gastric, liver, kidney and lung cancer cells, whereas research on its potential use in treatments of leukaemia targeting Fli-1 gene is relatively rare. 26 compounds were isolated from the chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of the roots and leaves of Z. nitidium . The structures of four compounds ( 4-6 and 16 ) were confirmed and attributed for the first time by UV-visible spectroscopy, 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS. Compounds 1-2 and 11 were isolated from Z. nitidium for the first time. Of the assayed compounds, compounds 14 and 24 showed inhibitory activities against leukaemia HEL cells with IC 50 values of 3.59 and 15.95 µM. In addition, to further investigate the possible mechanism, the cell cycle and apoptosis assays were investigated for the first time, which indicated that compound 14 caused obvious S phase arrest in HEL cells and induced cell apoptosis, but compound 24 induced only cell apoptosis of HEL cells. These results suggested that compounds 14 and 24 were the potential candidates for anti-leukaemia drug for the first time.
Synthesis, Photophysical Property and Antibacterial Activity of Cu(II) and Co(II) Porphyrins: Role of Ligand Modification
Authors: Beyene belete , Achenef Getaneh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Many synthetic porphyrins are modified at the meso-position to achieve target properties in biomedical applications. The metalloporphyrins; CuTPP, CuTPPCOOMe, CuTPPNH 2 , CoTPPOMe and CoTPPCOOH were synthesized from their free base porphyrins and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The Uv-Vis spectra show the decrease in number of Q bands from four to one/ two peaks and a blue shift when the metal is inserted in to the porphyrin core. They are capable of effecting bacterial and viral pathogens through the large number of different mechanisms. The antibacterial activity of the metalloporphyrins and their ligands were evaluated by using two gram positive and two gram negative bacteria by disc diffusion method. Among the complexes under study, CoTPPCOOH showed highest inhibition zone (15.5- 16.5) vs 25-28 for the famous standard antibacterial drug and therefore, highest antibacterial activities as compared to other porphyrins. The study also indicates that metalloporphyrins with electron withdrawing groups have highest inhibition zones than complexes which possess electro donating group at para position of the meso-phenyl ring.
Relationship between leg bone length and sprint performance in sprinters; Are there any event-related differences in 100-m and 400-m sprints?
Authors: Tomita Daichi , Suga Tadashi , Terada Masafumi , Tanaka Takahiro , Miyake Yuto , Ueno Hiromasa , Otsuka Mitsuo , Nagano Akinori , Isaka Tadao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective: This study examined the relationship between leg bone length and sprint performance in sprinters. The leg bone lengths in 28 100-m specialized sprinters and 28 400-m specialized sprinters were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The lengths of the upper and lower leg bones were assessed by calculating the lengths of the femur and tibia, respectively. To minimize differences in body size among participants, both bone lengths were normalized to body height. The ratio of the tibial length to femoral length was calculated to evaluate the interaction between the lengths of the upper and lower leg bones. International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) scores, based on the personal best times of the sprinters in each group were used as parameters for sprint performance. Results: There were no significant correlations between absolute and relative lengths of the femur and tibia and IAAF scores in both 100-m and 400-m sprinters. By contrast, the ratio of the tibial length to femoral length correlated significantly with IAAF score in 400-m sprinters (r = 0.445, P = 0.018), but not 100-m sprinters. These findings suggest that the leg bone lengths may play an important role in achieving superior long sprint performance in 400-m specialized sprinters.
Hemodiafiltration with ultrafiltrate regeneration reduces free light chains without albumin loss in multiple myeloma patients.
Authors: de Mier M. Victoria Pendon-Ruiz , Ojeda Raquel , Álvarez-Lara M. Antonia , Navas Ana , Alonso Corona , Caballero-Villarraso Javier , Aljama Pedro , Álvarez Miguel A. , Soriano Sagrario , Rodríguez Mariano , Martín-Malo Alejandro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in 12-20% of multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Several studies have shown a reduction of free light chains (FLC) using hemodialysis with High-Cut-Off membranes. However, this technique entails albumin loss. Hemodiafiltration with ultrafiltrate regeneration is a technique that includes a process of adsorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hemodiafiltration with ultrafiltrate regeneration in reducing FLC levels without causing albumin loss. Methods This is an observational study (2012 to 2018) including eleven patients with MM (6 kappa, 5 lambda) and AKI. All patients were treated with chemotherapy and hemodiafiltration with ultrafiltrate regeneration. Blood Samples (pre and post-dialysis) and ultrafiltrate were collected pre and post-resin at 5 minutes after initiation of the session and 5 minutes before the end of the procedure. Results The serum levels of kappa and lambda were reduced by a 53±14% and 33±22% respectively. Serum albumin concentration remained unchanged after the procedure. In the ultrafiltrate, the mean FLC reduction ratio shortly after initiation of the dialysis procedure was: 99.2% and 97.06% for kappa and lambda respectively, and only 0.7% for albumin; and at the end of the session the percent reduction was: 63.7% and 33.62% for kappa and lambda respectively, and 0.015% for albumin. Patients clinical outcome was: 36.4% recovered renal function, 18.2% died during the first year and 45.45% required maintenance dialysis. Conclusions Hemodiafiltration with ultrafiltrate regeneration reduces FLC levels without producing a significant loss of albumin; and, FLC removal is maintained throughout the session. Therefore, hemodiafiltration with ultrafiltrate regeneration may be considered an effective adjunctive therapy in patients with MM.
Elevating sestrin2 attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress and improves functional recovery through autophagy activation after spinal cord injury
Authors: Li Yao , Zhang Jing , Zhou Kailiang , Xie Ling , Xiang Guangheng , Fang Mingqiao , Han Wen , Wang Xiangyang , Xiao Jian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating central neurological trauma that causes a loss of motor and sensory function. Sestrin2, also known as hypoxia inducible gene 95 (Hi95), is emerging as a critical determinant of cell homeostasis in response to cellular stress. However, the role of sestrin2 in neuron response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and potential mechanism remains undefined. In this study, we investigated the effects of sestrin2 on ER stress and delineated a underlying molecular mechanism after SCI. Methods The induction of sestrin2 after traumatic injury and ER stress insult were investigated in vitro and in vivo. West blot and immunofluorescence were used to analyze the potential mechanisms of sestrin2 on autophagy and ER stress after SCI. Behavior assessment were used to evaluated the effect of sestrin2 on function recovery in vivo. Results Elevated sestrin2 is a protective process in neurons against chemical ER stress induced by tunicamycin (TM) or traumatic invasion. While treatment with PERK inhibitor or knockdown of ATF4 reduces sestrin2 expression upon ER stress. In addition, overexpression of sestrin2 limits ER stress, promotes the survival of neuron and improves functional recovery after SCI, which is associated with activation of autophagy and restoration of autophagic flux mediated by sestrin2. Meanwhile, sestrin2 activates autophagy dependent on AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway. Consistently, inhibition of AMPK abrogates the effect of sestrin2 on activation of autophagy, and blockage of autophagic flux abolishes the effect of sestrin2 on limiting ER stress and neural death. Conclusion Upregulation of sestrin2 as an important resistance mechanism of neuron to ER stress, and its potential role as a therapeutic target for SCI.
Modulation of HOXA9 after skeletal muscle denervation and reinnervation
Authors: Lu Xiaomei , Liang Bingsheng , Li Shuaijie , Chen Zhi , Chang Wenkai 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background HOXA9 (Homeobox A9), whose expression is promoted by MLL1 (Mixed Lineage Leukemia 1) and WDR5 (WD-40 repeat protein 5), is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor which plays an essential role in regulating stem cell activity. HOXA9 inhibits regeneration of skeletal muscle and delays the recovery after muscle wound in aged mice, but is little known in denervated/reinnervated muscles. Methods we performed detailed time-process expression analysis on HOXA9 and its promotors, MLL1 and WDR5, in the rat gastrocnemius muscle after three types of sciatic nerve surgeries: nerve transection (denervation); end-to-end repairing (repairing); and the sham operation. Then the specific mechanisms of Hoxa9 were detected in vitro through primary satellite cells transfected respectively by pIRES2-DsRed2 empty plasmids, pIRES2-DsRed2-HOXA9 plasmids, pPLK/ GFP -Puro empty plasmids, and pPLK/GFP-Puro- HOXA9 shRNA plasmids. Results We found that HOXA9 expression was synchronous with the severity of muscle atrophy, as well as the upregulation of MLL1 and WDR5 associated with the denervation state to some extent. Indeed, experiments with primary satellite cells revealed that HOXA9 inhibited myogenic differentiation, but not destroy the differentiation potential, influenced the best-known atrophic pathways, and promoted apoptosis. Conclusion HOXA9 may play a pro-atrophic role in denervated muscle atrophy.
Tim-3 promotes cell aggressiveness and paclitaxel resistance through the NF-κB /STAT3 signaling pathway in breast cancer
Authors: Cong Yizi , Cui Yuxin , Zhu Shiguang , Cao Jianqiao , Qiao Guangdong , Zou Haidong , Jiang Wenguo , Yu Zhigang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) has been recognized as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy, but its exact role in breast cancer has not been fully elucidated. Methods: The gene expression level of Tim-3 in breast cancer and its prognostic significance were analysed. In vitro functions and associated mechanisms were then explored through establishing Tim-3 overexpressing breast cancer cells. Results: The gene expression level of Tim-3 was significantly higher (p<0.001) in breast cancer tissue compared to normal tissue following pooled analysis of the TCGA database. Tim-3 was a prognosis indicator in breast cancer patients as shown by KM-plotter (RFS: p=0.004; OS: p=0.099). Overexpression of the Tim-3 in Tim-3 low breast cancer cells promoted aggressiveness of breast cancer cells including proliferation, migration, invasion, tight junction deterioration and tumour-associated tubal formation. Furthermore, Tim-3 enhanced cellular resistance to paclitaxel. Tim-3 exerted its function by activating the NF-κB/STAT3 signalling pathway, and mediating gene regulation (upregulating CCND1, C-Myc, MMP1, TWIST, VEGF while downregulating E-cadherin). Additionally, Tim-3 downregulated tight junction molecules: ZO-2, ZO-1 and Occludin, which might further facilitate the tumour progression. Conclusions: Tim-3 plays a tumour-promoting role in breast cancer, suggesting that targeting Tim-3 may acquire a clinical benefit in antitumor therapy. Keywords: breast cancer, Tim-3, tight junction, chemoresistance, aggressiveness.
Metabolism, ATP production and biofilm generation by Staphylococcus epidermidis in either respiratory or fermentative conditions
Authors: Pedroza-Davila Ulrik , Uribe-Alvarez Cristina , Morales-Garcia Lilia , Espinosa-Simon Emilio , Méndez-Romero Ofelia , Muhlia-Almazán Adriana , Chiquete Natalia , Uribe-Carvajal Salvador 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a Gram-positive saprophytic bacterium found in the microaerobic/anaerobic layers of the skin that becomes a health hazard when it is carried across the skin through punctures or wounds. Pathogenicity is enhanced by the ability of S. epidermidis to associate into biofilms, where it avoids attacks by the organism and antibiotics . To test the effect of oxygen on metabolism and biofilm generation, cells were cultured at different oxygen concentrations ([O2 ]). As [O2 ] decreased, S. epidermidis metabolism went from respiratory to fermentative. Remarkably, the rate of growth decreased at low [O 2 ] while a high concentration of ATP ([ATP]) was kept. Under hypoxic conditions bacteria associated into biofilms. Aerobic activity sensitized the cell to hydrogen peroxide-mediated damage. In the presence of metabolic inhibitors, biofilm formation decreased. It is suggested that at low [O2 ] S. epidermidis limits its growth and develops the ability to form biofilms.
An assay for quantification of male and female gametocytes in human blood by qRT-PCR in the absence of pure gametocyte standards
Authors: Wang Claire YT , Ballard Emma , Llewellyn Stacey , Marquart Louise , Bousema Teun , McCarthy James S. , Collins Katharine A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Malaria transmission from humans to mosquitoes requires the presence of gametocytes in human peripheral circulation, and the dynamics of transmission are determined largely by the density and sex ratio of the gametocytes. Molecular methods are thus employed to measure gametocyte densities, particularly when assessing transmission epidemiology and the efficacy of transmission-blocking interventions. However accurate quantification of gametocytes with molecular methods requires pure male and female gametocytes as reference standards, which are not widely available. Methods qRT-PCR assays were used to quantify levels of sex-specific mRNA transcripts in Plasmodium falciparum female and male gametocytes ( pfs25 and pfMGET respectively) using synthetic cRNA standards and in-vitro cultured gametocytes. Assay were validated and assay performance was investigated using blood samples of clinical trial participants (ClinicalTrials.gov reference number NCT02431637 and NCT02431650) using these standards and compared to absolute quantification by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Results The number of transcript copies per gametocyte were determined to be 279.3 (95% CI 253.5 - 307.6) for the female-specific transcript pfs25, and 12.5 (95% CI 10.6 - 14.9) for the male-specific transcript pfMGET . These numbers can be used to convert from transcript copies/mL to gametocyte/mL. The reportable range was determined to be 5.71x10 6 to 5.71 gametocytes/mL for pfs25, and 1.73x10 7 to 5.59 for pfMGET. The limit of detection was 3.9 (95% CI 2.5-8.2) gametocytes/mL for pfs25, and 26.9 (95% CI 19.3 - 51.7) gametocytes/mL for PfMGET . Both assays showed minimal intra-assay and inter-assay variability with coefficient of variation < 3%. No cross-reactivity was observed in both assays in uninfected human blood samples. Comparison of results from ddPCR to qRT-PCR assays on clinical blood samples indicated high level agreement (ICC=0.998 for pfs25 and 0.995 for pfMGET ). Conclusions We developed and validated qRT-PCR assays that are able to accurately quantify levels of female and male P. falciparum gametocytes at submicroscopic densities. The assays showed excellent reproducibility, sensitivity, precision, specificity and accuracy. The methodology will enable the estimation of gametocyte density in the absence of pure female and male gametocyte standards, and will facilitate clinical trials and epidemiological studies.