bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival comparison between superficialization of the brachial artery and tunneled central venous catheter placement in hemodialysis patients with heart failure: A retrospective study
Authors: Nakagawa Kaneyasu , Yamada Shunsuke , Matsukuma Yuta , Nakano Toshiaki , Mitsuiki Koji 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt remains unclear which vascular access provides better survival in hemodialysis patients with heart failure, superficialization of the brachial artery (SBA), or tunneled central venous catheter (TCVC). We retrospectively followed up 60 hemodialysis patients with heart failure who underwent SBA (n = 36) or TCVC placement (n = 24). During the median 2.2‐year follow‐up period, 36 patients died. The median survival time was significantly longer for the SBA group than for the TCVC group (5.7 vs 1.7 years; P < .05, log‐rank test). A multivariate‐adjusted Cox regression analysis showed that SBA was associated with a reduced risk of all‐cause death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14‐0.65). In the cohort of propensity score‐matched 15 pairs, patients with SBA experienced fewer all‐cause deaths (HR 0.29; 95% CI 0.10‐0.77). Our study suggests that SBA is an alternative option in hemodialysis patients with heart failure.
Guidelines on suicide amongst anaesthetists 2019
Authors: Shinde S. , Yentis S. M. , Asanati K. , Coetzee R. H. , Cole‐King A. , Gerada C. , Harding K. , Hawton K. , Hennessy A. , Keats P. , Kumar N. , McGlennan A. , Pappenheim K. , Plunkett E. , Prior K. , Rowland A. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryAnaesthetists are thought to be at increased risk of suicide amongst the medical profession. The aims of the following guidelines are: increase awareness of suicide and associated vulnerabilities, risk factors and precipitants; to emphasise safe ways to respond to individuals in distress, both for them and for colleagues working alongside them; and to support individuals, departments and organisations in coping with a suicide.
An alternative to confidence intervals constructed after a Hausman pretest in panel data
Authors: Kabaila Paul , Mainzer Rheanna 
Published: November 2019

SummaryConsider panel data modelled by a linear random intercept model that includes a time‐varying covariate. Suppose that our aim is to construct a confidence interval for the slope parameter. Commonly, a Hausman pretest is used to decide whether this confidence interval is constructed using the random effects model or the fixed effects model. This post‐model‐selection confidence interval has the attractive features that it (a) is relatively short when the random effects model is correct and (b) reduces to the confidence interval based on the fixed effects model when the data and the random effects model are highly discordant. However, this confidence interval has the drawbacks that (i) its endpoints are discontinuous functions of the data and (ii) its minimum coverage can be far below its nominal coverage probability. We construct a new confidence interval that possesses these attractive features, but does not suffer from these drawbacks. This new confidence interval provides an intermediate between the post‐model‐selection confidence interval and the confidence interval obtained by always using the fixed effects model. The endpoints of the new confidence interval are smooth functions of the Hausman test statistic, whereas the endpoints of the post‐model‐selection confidence interval are discontinuous functions of this statistic.
Influence of sucrose level and inoculation of Lactobacillus plantarum on the physicochemical, textural, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of Isan sausage (Thai fermented pork sausage)
Authors: Hongthong Nuttawadee , Chumngoen Wanwisa , Tan Fa‐Jui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sucrose levels (0.3% and 1.2%) and inoculation of Lactobacillus plantarum on the quality of Isan sausage. The results show that the inoculation accelerated the pH reduction in fermentation. The inoculated samples had significantly (p < .05) lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and volatile basic nitrogen values. The total microbial counts and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts increased rapidly during fermentation and then decreased during storage. The inoculated samples had significantly higher total microflora and LAB counts. The inoculated samples had a higher hardness texture profile as well as more intense flavor and darker color in sensorial evaluation. Less influence on the quality parameters of the samples due to the different sucrose levels was observed. In conclusion, a combination of 0.3% sucrose and inoculation of L. plantarum (7 log cfu/g) is recommended for producing Isan sausages.
Corrections for measurement error due to delayed onset of illness for case‐crossover designs
Authors: Coull Brent A. , Lee Seokho , McGee Glen , Manjourides Justin , Mittleman Murray A. , Wellenius Gregory A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEpidemiologic studies of the short‐term effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) on the risk of acute cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events often use data from administrative databases in which only the date of hospitalization is known. A common study design for analyzing such data is the case‐crossover design, in which exposure at a time when a patient experiences an event is compared to exposure at times when the patient did not experience an event within a case‐control paradigm. However, the time of true event onset may precede hospitalization by hours or days, which can yield attenuated effect estimates. In this article, we consider a marginal likelihood estimator, a regression calibration estimator, and a conditional score estimator, as well as parametric bootstrap versions of each, to correct for this bias. All considered approaches require validation data on the distribution of the delay times. We compare the performance of the approaches in realistic scenarios via simulation, and apply the methods to analyze data from a Boston‐area study of the association between ambient air pollution and acute stroke onset. Based on both simulation and the case study, we conclude that a two‐stage regression calibration estimator with a parametric bootstrap bias correction is an effective method for correcting bias in health effect estimates arising from delayed onset in a case‐crossover study.
From mixed effects modeling to spike and slab variable selection: A Bayesian regression model for group testing data
Authors: Joyner Chase N. , McMahan Christopher S. , Tebbs Joshua M. , Bilder Christopher R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDue to reductions in both time and cost, group testing is a popular alternative to individual‐level testing for disease screening. These reductions are obtained by testing pooled biospecimens (eg, blood, urine, swabs, etc.) for the presence of an infectious agent. However, these reductions come at the expense of data complexity, making the task of conducting disease surveillance more tenuous when compared to using individual‐level data. This is because an individual's disease status may be obscured by a group testing protocol and the effect of imperfect testing. Furthermore, unlike individual‐level testing, a given participant could be involved in multiple testing outcomes and/or may never be tested individually. To circumvent these complexities and to incorporate all available information, we propose a Bayesian generalized linear mixed model that accommodates data arising from any group testing protocol, estimates unknown assay accuracy probabilities and accounts for potential heterogeneity in the covariate effects across population subgroups (eg, clinic sites, etc.); this latter feature is of key interest to practitioners tasked with conducting disease surveillance. To achieve model selection, our proposal uses spike and slab priors for both fixed and random effects. The methodology is illustrated through numerical studies and is applied to chlamydia surveillance data collected in Iowa.
Does public transportation reduce inequalities in access to dental care among older adults? Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study
Authors: Kiuchi Sakura , Aida Jun , Kusama Taro , Yamamoto Takafumi , Hoshi Manami , Yamamoto Tatsuo , Kondo Katsunori , Osaka Ken 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesIncome inequalities in access to dental care have been reported worldwide. While geographical accessibility may affect inequalities, no study has examined whether the use of public transportation reduces income inequalities in access to dental care. Therefore, we examined whether the use of public transportation is associated with reduced income inequalities in access to dental care.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study conducted in 2016. Self‐reported questionnaires were distributed to 34 567 community‐dwelling independent older adults aged 65 years or over from 39 municipalities. The dependent variable was dental attendance for any treatment. The independent variables were daily public transportation use and household equivalent income. The covariates were age, years of education, marital status, self‐rated health, number of teeth, car use, having bus stops or railway stations nearby for individual level and density of dental clinics for community level. After multiple imputation, a two‐level linear regression analysis was performed and stratified by sex.ResultsThe mean age of the 19 664 participants (response rate: 69.9%) was 73.8 years (standard deviation = 6.1). Among the participants with dental attendance for treatment in the past six months, daily public transportation users represented 45.5% of men and 56.1% of women. These users had higher levels of dental attendance for treatment (β = .109, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.051‐0.166 for men, β = .094, 95% CI = 0.039‐0.149 for women) than nondaily users. Household equivalent income was positively associated with higher dental attendance for treatment (β = .046, 95% CI = 0.029‐0.062 for men, β = .029, 95% CI = 0.013‐0.045 for women). Income inequalities in access to dental care were smaller among the daily public transportation users than in nondaily users, and a statistically significant interaction was observed only in men (P‐value interactions = .025 for men, .188 for women).ConclusionIncome inequalities in access to dental care were smaller among older daily users of public transportation than in nondaily users. These results suggest that providing environment in which people can conveniently use public transportation is needed for reducing income inequalities in access to dental care, especially for men.
The great mimicker: Phenotypic overlap between constitutional mismatch repair deficiency and Tuberous Sclerosis complex
Authors: Shapira Rootman Mika , Goldberg Yael , Cohen Rony , Kropach Nesia , Keidar Inbal , Friedland Rivka , Dotan Gad , Konen Osnat , Toledano Helen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractConstitutional mismatch repair deficiency is a rare cancer predisposition syndrome caused by biallelic mutations in one of the four mismatch repair genes. Patients are predisposed to various tumors including hematological malignancies, brain tumors and colorectal carcinomas. Phenotypic overlap with Neurofibromatosis‐1 is well known, with most patients presenting with café‐au‐lait macules. Other common features include axillary and/or inguinal freckling and intracranial MRI foci of high T2W/FLAIR signal intensity similar to the typical FASI seen in Neurofibromatosis‐1. In this cohort of eight patients with constitutional mismatch repair deficiency we describe overlapping phenotypical features with Tuberous Sclerosis complex. In addition to “ash‐leaf like” hypomelanotic macules (five patients), we detected intracranial tuber‐like lesions (three patients), renal cysts (three patients) and renal angiomyolipomas (two patients). All our patients also had Neurofibromatosis‐1 like features, mainly café‐au‐lait macules. This study suggests that features of Tuberous sclerosis especially when overlapping with those of Neurofibromatosis 1 or malignancies atypical for these syndromes should raise the possibility of constitutional mismatch repair deficiency. Correct diagnosis is essential for appropriate genetic counseling and pre‐emptive cancer surveillance.
Vertical bone augmentation with simultaneous implantation using deproteinized bovine bone block functionalized with a slow delivery of BMP‐2
Authors: Teng Fei , Wei Lingfei , Yu Dedong , Deng Liquan , Zheng Yuanna , Lin Haiyan , Liu Yuelian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe hypothesized that a biomimetic calcium phosphate (CaP) coating which incorporates morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) on the deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) blocks could be used to enhance the vertical alveolar ridge augmentation for the one‐stage onlay surgery with simultaneous implants insertion. We aimed to test this hypothesis in vivo.Material and methodsBeagles dogs were used for the study (n = 6 specimens per group). One month after building the edentulous animal model, 4 mm vertical alveolar bone loss were surgically created and four groups of blocks (W × L × H: 7 mm × 10 mm × 4 mm) were randomly fixed onto the reduced alveolar ridge by implants: (a) DBB blocks alone (negative control group); (b) DBB blocks with superficial adsorption of 50 μg BMP‐2 (ad.BMP‐2 group); (c) DBB blocks coated by biomimetic CaP coating which incorporates 50 μg BMP‐2 (inc.BMP‐2 group); and (d) autologous bone blocks (positive control group). After 3 months of healing, samples were harvested for micro‐CT and histomorphometric analyses.ResultsIn histomorphometry, the inc.BMP‐2 group showed a significantly thicker (coronal‐apically) and wider (buccal‐lingually) augmented bone area, better bone‐to‐implant contact than the negative control group. In both the micro‐CT and histomorphometry, the inc.BMP‐2 group showed more mineralized tissue than the negative control group and the inc.BMP‐2 group also showed significantly more newly formed bone and residual grafts than the negative control group in the upper half of the blocks. In micro‐CT, the inc.BMP‐2 group showed significantly more bone‐to‐graft contact percentage than the ad.BMP‐2 group. In both micro‐CT and histomorphometry, the inc.BMP‐2 group showed significantly more percentage of mineralized tissue than the ad.BMP‐2 group. No significant differences were found between the inc.BMP‐2 group and the positive control group either in micro‐CT or in histomorphometry.ConclusionsThe DBB blocks with coating‐delivered BMP‐2 significantly enhanced the efficacy of vertical alveolar bone augmentation, compared with the unloaded blocks and blocks with adsorbed BMP‐2, in the one‐stage onlay surgery with simultaneous implant insertion.
Favorable survival even with high disease‐specific complication rates in lymphangioleiomyomatosis after lung transplantation—long‐term follow‐up of a Japanese center
Authors: Kurosaki Takeshi , Otani Shinji , Miyoshi Kentaroh , Okazaki Mikio , Sugimoto Seiichiro , Suno Manabu , Yamane Masaomi , Kobayashi Motomu , Oto Takahiro , Toyooka Shinichi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundLung transplantation (LT) is a reliable therapeutic option for end‐stage pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). Long‐term outcome of LAM recipients after LT remains unknown. The aim of this study was to describe the outcomes of LT for LAM with a long‐term follow‐up, comparing those for other diseases in the same period.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed consecutive 145 LT recipients between 1998 and 2015 at Okayama University Hospital with minimum 3‐year follow‐up.ResultsTwelve LAM recipients including nine sporadic‐LAM and three tuberous sclerosis complex ‐LAM were identified. Nine of 12 underwent bilateral LT including four living‐donor lobar LT. There was no significant difference in overall survival between the two groups. (P = 0.15). Chronic lung allograft dysfunction free survival rate in LAM compared with other diseases tended to be better (P = 0.058). However, the rate of requiring hemodialysis was significantly higher in LAM recipients than in the recipients of other diseases (P = 0.047). Notably, 8 of 12 (67%) LAM patients encountered LAM‐related complication including chylothorax and pneumothorax, seven (58%) had proliferative diseases consisting of renal angiomyolipoma and recurrent LAM. Nine patients required mTOR inhibitors for LAM‐related problems, contributing to improved control of LAM‐related problems. While all nine recipients of bilateral LT have still survived, two patients died of diseases in their native lungs and one required re‐LT among three recipients of single LT.ConclusionAlthough the rates of LAM‐related complications were unexpectedly high in the long term, LT is a feasible therapeutic option for patients with advanced pulmonary LAM.
Renal protection: What have we learnt from ADVANCE about kidney disease in type 2 diabetes?
Authors: Knudsen Søren T. , Cooper Mark E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) factorial trial was a landmark randomized controlled clinical trial in 11 140 type 2 diabetic patients from 215 centers in 20 countries with a two‐by‐two factorial design. In the blood pressure‐lowering arm, patients were treated using a fixed combination of the ACE‐inhibitor, perindopril, and the thiazide‐like diuretic, indapamide, or placebo, whereas in the glucose‐lowering arm, the intervention compared the sulphonylurea gliclazide plus other glucose‐lowering drugs, targeting a glycated hemoglobin value of 6.5% or less, with standard glucose control. Primary end‐points were major macro‐ and microvascular events in both arms. This review gives an overview of the results of the primary randomized trial, results from observational follow‐up studies, and results of several biomarker studies and discusses the perspectives of these data in the context of recent major outcome trials for current medical treatment.
Patterns of intracolumnar size variation inform the heterochronic mechanisms underlying extreme body shape divergence in microcephalic sea snakes
Authors: Sherratt Emma , Sanders Kate L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSea snakes (Hydrophiinae) that specialize on burrowing eel prey have repeatedly evolved tiny heads and reduced forebody relative to hindbody girths. Previous research has found that these “microcephalic” forms have higher counts of precaudal vertebrae, and postnatal ontogenetic changes cause their hindbodies to reach greater girths relative to their forebodies. We examine variation in vertebral size along the precaudal axis of neonates and adults of three species. In the nonmicrocephalic Hydrophis curtus, these intracolumnar patterns take the form of symmetrical curved profiles, with longer vertebrae in the midbody (50% of body length) relative to distal regions. In contrast, intracolumnar profiles in the microcephalic H. macdowelli and H. obscurus are strongly asymmetrical curves (negative skewness) due to the presence of numerous, smaller‐sized vertebrate in the forebody (anterior to the heart). Neonate and adult H. macdowelli and H. obscurus specimens all exhibit this pattern, implying an onset of fore‐ versus hindbody decoupling in the embryo stage. Based on this, we suggest plausible developmental mechanisms involving the presence and positioning of Hox boundaries and heterochronic changes in segmentation. Tests of our hypotheses would give new insights into the drivers of rapid convergent shifts in evolution, but will ultimately require studies of gene expression in the embryos of relevant taxa.
Subclinical cardiovascular disease in HIV controller and long‐term nonprogressor populations
Authors: Brusca RM , Hanna DB , Wada NI , Blankson JN , Witt MD , Jacobson LP , Kingsley L , Palella FJ , Budoff M , Brown TT , Anastos K , Lazar JM , Mack WJ , Bacchetti P , Tien PC , Golzar Y , Plankey M , Golub E , Kaplan RC , Post WS 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesElite controllers (ECs), viraemic controllers (VCs), and long‐term nonprogressors (LTNPs) control HIV viral replication or maintain CD4 T‐cell counts without antiretroviral therapy, but may have increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk compared to HIV‐uninfected persons. We evaluated subclinical carotid and coronary atherosclerosis and inflammatory biomarker levels among HIV controllers, LTNPs and noncontrollers and HIV‐uninfected individuals in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS).MethodsWe measured carotid plaque presence and common carotid artery intima‐media thickness (IMT) in 1729 women and 1308 men, and the presence of coronary artery calcium and plaque in a subgroup of men. Associations between HIV control category and carotid and coronary plaque prevalences were assessed by multivariable regression analyses adjusting for demographics and CVD risk factors. Serum inflammatory biomarker concentrations [soluble CD163 (sCD163), soluble CD14 (sCD14), galectin‐3 (Gal‐3), galectin‐3 binding protein (Gal‐3BP) and interleukin (IL)‐6] were measured and associations with HIV control category assessed.ResultsWe included 135 HIV controllers (30 ECs) and 135 LTNPs in the study. Carotid plaque prevalence and carotid IMT were similar in HIV controllers, LTNPs and HIV‐uninfected individuals. HIV controllers and LTNPs had lower prevalences of carotid plaque compared to viraemic HIV‐infected individuals. The prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis was similar in HIV controllers/LTNPs compared to HIV‐uninfected and viraemic HIV‐infected men. Controllers and LTNPs had higher concentrations of sCD163 and sCD14 compared to HIV‐uninfected persons.ConclusionsSubclinical CVD was similar in HIV controllers, LTNPs and HIV‐uninfected individuals despite elevated levels of some inflammatory biomarkers. Future studies of HIV controllers and LTNPs are needed to characterize the risk of CVD among HIV‐infected persons.
Post‐exposure prophylaxis following consented sexual exposure: impact of national recommendations on user profile, drug regimens and estimates of averted HIV infections
Authors: Pereira IO , Pascom ARP , Mosimann G , Barros Perini F , Coelho RA , Rick F , Benzaken A , Avelino‐Silva VI 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to describe the characteristics, impact and outreach of post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for sexual exposure in Brazil.MethodsWe used secondary data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health to describe the impact of national guidelines on the frequency of prescription, user profile and antiretroviral regimens. We also estimated the number of potentially averted HIV infections attributable to PEP for consented sexual exposure between 2009 and 2017.ResultsA total of 260 457 PEP regimens were prescribed to individuals ≥ 14 years old; 104 613 (40.2%) were prescribed for consented sexual exposure, with an increasing frequency since 2011. Drugs used in PEP regimens underwent significant modifications during the period, reflecting national recommendations. We estimated that there were up to 3138 potentially averted HIV infections attributable to PEP for consented sexual exposure between 2009 and 2017.ConclusionsIn the context of a combined HIV prevention strategy, PEP is still an essential tool for individuals for whom other methods are contraindicated or fail to be applied.