bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flight activity of wood- and bark-boring insects at New Zealand ports
Authors: Pawson Stephen M. , Kerr Jessica L. , Somchit Chanatda , Wardhaugh Carl W. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Bark- and wood-boring forest insects spread via international trade. Surveys frequently target new arrivals to mitigate establishment. Alternatively, monitoring pest activity in exporting countries can inform arrival and establishmentrisk. Methods: We report >3 years data from daily sampling of bark- and wood-boring insects that are associated with recently felled Pinus radiata D.Don at five New Zealand ports. Results: Average catch differed between ports and months with Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant), Hylurgus ligniperda F., and Hylastes ater (Paykull) comprising 99.6% of the total catch. Arhopalus ferus was absent during winter with Hylastes ater and Hylurgus ligniperda activity between June and August representing 3.5 and 3.7% of total catch, respectively. Maximum temperature and wind speed influenced flight activity of all three species but not universally across all ports. Flight activity transitioned to a nonlinear pattern above 20°C. Arhopalus ferus has a unimodal flight risk period between late-September and late-April. Hylastes ater was also unimodal except in Dunedin where it was bimodal like Hylurgus ligniperda was in all regions with spring and mid- to late-summer activity periods. Although Hylastes ater was observed during winter, the probability of a flight event during winter was between 0 and 0.02 per week. Hylurgus ligniperda flight probability was zero in Dunedin and low at all other ports from May to August. Conclusions: Modelling seasonal changes in flight probability can inform risk-based phytosanitary measures. We demonstrate the utility of maximum temperature and seasonality as a predictor of wood commodity infestation risk. Such predictors allow National Plant Protection Organisations to develop standards that protect the post-treatment phytosanitary security of individual consignments.
BREXIT IMPACT ON THE EU’S CLIMATE DIPLOMACY
Authors: Sulisyo William , Hendhia  , Ivonne  , Ellica  , Raflie Andhika , Hutabarat Grace Miss 
Published: December 2020

European Union is a political and economic union of 27 member states. Britain is one of the leading members of the EU. The UK decided to leave the European Union. The EU struggled with the project that was being worked on called Climate Diplomacy. EU and its member states are part of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The EU has built a significant and potentially a leading position in global governance on climate. Brexit is only one factor that could change the dynamics of its role. In this case, The EU has a negative impact as well as positive impacts due to Brexit. It turns out that the negative implications are more dominant than positive effects. European Union will lose the financial contribution made by the UK to the EU budget.

Keywords: European Union, UK, Brexit, Climate Diplomacy.
THE EUROPEAN UNION, THE UNITED STATES, AND THE GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMOs)
Authors: Anisa  , Chelsilya  , Yohana Grace , Eva Mucco , Zefanya Morry , Nadila  
Published: December 2020

Current technological advances have been present in all aspects of human life, including technological advances in biotechnology. Biotechnology not only raises hope for science but also raises heated debates among scientists, especially between the European Union and the US. This debate arises because of differences in perspective between the EU and the US. The EU has stringent rules regarding the development efforts of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). At the same time, the US thinks that GMOs are part of agriculture, so there is no need for any special laws to regulate them. Various side effects also come hand in hand with the birth of GMOs. They are ranging from adverse effects on human health, the health of food products, and even environmental damage. The development of GMOs can damage the ecosystem of species that exist in the environment. Still, more complex problems arise due to GMOs like economic problems and monopolies.

Keywords: The GMOs, The EU, The US.
THE INTEGRATED PEATLAND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (IPMS)
Authors: Khalimatus Sa’diyah  , Angga Puja Asiandu  , Widya Sari  
Published: December 2020

Peatland is a rich ecosystem containing many organic components. This ecosystem is composed of plant residue materials that have not undergone a complete decomposition process due to the high water content of the land. Peatland is a rich biodiversity-ecosystem including plants, animals, and microorganisms. The biological resources contained in the peatland are the assets supporting the survival of the community. However, various kinds of damage both caused by humans and caused by nature seriously threaten this ecosystem’s sustainability. This study aimed to formulate the ideas regarding sustainable peatland use as a support for community life. This study is a descriptive qualitative research. While the method used in this study is the literature study, and the data used in this study are secondary data obtained from various sources. Based on the analysis of the collected data, the authors put forward the idea of ​​sustainable peatland use under the name of The Integrated Peatland Management System (IPMS). IPMS is an integrated peatland management system that still pays attention to the conservation aspects by dividing the peatland into three zoning systems. Zone I is an eco-tourism zone, Zone II is a utilization zone, and Zone III is a conservation zone for the peatland ecosystem. The sustainable use of peatlands can be implemented through IPMS to support community life today and in the future.
Keywords : Conservation, Eco-tourisms, Peatland, Sustainability, Zoning.
ANALISIS KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS NASABAH MELALUI KEPUASAN PADA KOPERASI KREDIT PINTU AIR CABANG MAKASSAR
Authors: Nur Andi Musfirawati 
Published: December 2020

Peningkatan jumlah koperasi yang ada di kota Makassar menunjukan perkembangan yang signifikan, dimana hal ini akan sangat bergantung pada kualitas pelayanan yang mereka berikan kepada nasabah. Pada akhirnya pelayanan yang kurang memuaskan akan berdampak pada loyalitas nasabah atau bahkan beralih ke jasa layanan lainnya yang lebih baik. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah performa layanan yang diberikan kepada nasabah dalam bertransaksi di Koperasi Kredit Pintu Air Cabang Makassar, dimana pelayanan cenderung kurang memuaskan bagi sebagian pelanggan mereka. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis bagaimana gambaran kualitas pelayanan terhadap loyalitas nasabah melalui kepuasan pada Koperasi Kredit pintu air cabang Makassar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi partisipan, kuisoner dan telaah dokumen, di mana analisis data menggunakan path analysis untuk mengetahui hubungan antar variabel. Dari hasil penelitian, diperoleh bahwa kualitas pelayanan yang di berikan kepada nasabah tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat loyalitas nasabah ketika bertransaksi, akan tetapi loyalitas nasabah dapat berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas pelayanan jika kepuasan nasabah terpenuhi.
Molecular Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Clostridium difficile ST81 Infection in a Teaching Hospital in Eastern China
Authors: Yang Ziyu , Huang Qian , Qin Juanxiu , Zhang Xiaoye , Jian Ying , Lv Huiying , Liu Qian , Li Min 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe prevalence of Clostridium difficile causes an increased morbidity and mortality of inpatients, especially in Europe and North America, while data on C. difficile infection (CDI) are limited in China.MethodsFrom September 2014 to August 2019, 562 C. difficile isolates were collected from patients and screened for toxin genes. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antimicrobial susceptibility tests by E-test and agar dilution method were performed. A case group composed of patients infected with sequence type (ST) 81 C. difficile was compared to the non-ST81 infection group and non CDI diarrhea patients for risk factor and outcome analyses.ResultsThe incidence of inpatients with CDI was 7.06 cases per 10,000 patient-days. Of the 562 C. difficile isolates, ST81(22.78%) was the predominant clone over this period, followed by ST54 (11.21%), ST3 (9.61%), and ST2 (8.72%). Toxin genotype tcdA+tcdB+cdt- accounted for 50.18% of all strains, while 29.54% were tcdA-tcdB+cdt- genotypes. Overall, no isolate was resistant to vancomycin, teicoplanin or daptomycin, and resistance rates to meropenem gradually decreased during these years. Although several metronidazole-resistant strains were isolated in this study, the MIC values decreased during this period. Resistance rates to moxifloxacin and clindamycin remained higher than those to the other antibiotics. Among CDI inpatients, longer hospitalization, usage of prednisolone, suffering from chronic kidney disease or connective tissue diseases and admission to emergency ward 2 or emergency ICU were significant risk factors for ST81 clone infection. All-cause mortality of these CDI patients was 4.92%(n=18), while the recurrent cases accounted for 5.74%(n=21). The 60-day mortality of ST81-CDI was significantly higher than non-ST81 infected group, while ST81 also accounted for most of the recurrent CDI cases.ConclusionThis study revealed the molecular epidemiology and risk factors for the dominant C. difficile ST81 genotype infection in eastern China. Continuous and stringent surveillance on the emerging ST81 genotype needs to be initiated.
Improving Accuracy of Brainstem MRI Volumetry: Effects of Age and Sex, and Normalization Strategies
Authors: Sander Laura , Horvath Antal , Pezold Simon , Andermatt Simon , Amann Michael , Sinnecker Tim , Wendebourg Maria J. , Kesenheimer Eva , Yaldizli Özgür , Kappos Ludwig , Granziera Cristina , Wuerfel Jens , Cattin Philippe , Schlaeger Regina 
Published: December 2020

Background: Brainstem-mediated functions are impaired in neurodegenerative diseases and aging. Atrophy can be visualized by MRI. This study investigates extrinsic sources of brainstem volume variability, intrinsic sources of anatomical variability, and the influence of age and sex on the brainstem volumes in healthy subjects. We aimed to develop efficient normalization strategies to reduce the effects of intrinsic anatomic variability on brainstem volumetry.Methods: Brainstem segmentation was performed from MPRAGE data using our deep-learning-based brainstem segmentation algorithm MD-GRU. The extrinsic variability of brainstem volume assessments across scanners and protocols was investigated in two groups comprising 11 (median age 33.3 years, 7 women) and 22 healthy subjects (median age 27.6 years, 50% women) scanned twice and compared using Dice scores. Intrinsic anatomical inter-individual variability and age and sex effects on brainstem volumes were assessed in segmentations of 110 healthy subjects (median age 30.9 years, range 18–72 years, 53.6% women) acquired on 1.5T (45%) and 3T (55%) scanners. The association between brainstem volumes and predefined anatomical covariates was studied using Pearson correlations. Anatomical variables with associations of |r| &gt; 0.30 as well as the variables age and sex were used to construct normalization models using backward selection. The effect of the resulting normalization models was assessed by % relative standard deviation reduction and by comparing the inter-individual variability of the normalized brainstem volumes to the non-normalized values using paired t- tests with Bonferroni correction.Results: The extrinsic variability of brainstem volumetry across different field strengths and imaging protocols was low (Dice scores &gt; 0.94). Mean inter-individual variability/SD of total brainstem volumes was 9.8%/7.36. A normalization based on either total intracranial volume (TICV), TICV and age, or v-scale significantly reduced the inter-individual variability of total brainstem volumes compared to non-normalized volumes and similarly reduced the relative standard deviation by about 35%.Conclusion: The extrinsic variability of the novel brainstem segmentation method MD-GRU across different scanners and imaging protocols is very low. Anatomic inter-individual variability of brainstem volumes is substantial. This study presents efficient normalization models for variability reduction in brainstem volumetry in healthy subjects.
Inclusión de estudiantes ciegos en el nivel secundario común de gestión estatal de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Pitton Egle Ilva , Demarco Fabiana 
Published: December 2020

En el presente artículo se presentan los análisis preliminares de un estudio de caso que propone indagar la articulación entre Educación Común y Educación Especial, las condiciones institucionales y las prácticas pedagógicas que favorecen la inclusión de estudiantes ciegos en la escuela secundaria común.
Dichos análisis son parte de un estudio que se desarrolla desde el área de Investigación de la Unidad de Evaluación Integral de la Calidad y Equidad Educativa, Ministerio de Educación, GCBA. El mismo tiene como propósito comprender en qué sentidos las normativas y políticas que adhieren al actual paradigma de inclusión escolar inciden en las prácticas cotidianas de las instituciones educativas, de sus docentes y en la vida de niños y adolescentes con discapacidad que hoy asisten a instituciones estatales comunes de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.
En esta comunicación se despliega, en particular, uno de los hallazgos del estudio: la enseñanza de contenidos específicos como eje estructurante en la construcción de la configuración de apoyo en la que participan la maestra integradora y los docentes de la escuela secundaria “Común”.
Cuando “ser joven” en la Escuela está permitido… Desplazamientos en la condición de estudiante a partir de prácticas de comunicación y producción cultural, en escuelas secundarias de la ciudad de Córdoba
Authors: Plaza Schaefer Verónica 
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo es parte de una tesis doctoral1 que analizó experiencias educativas en las que estudiantes de escuelas públicas producen medios de comunicación. El objetivo fue reconstruir los modos en que estas prácticas dialogan, tensionan y transforman los formatos escolares, posibilitando la emergencia de otros modos de hacer, estar, conocer y decir en la Escuela Secundaria. A partir de esa investigación se pudieron establecer diferentes dimensiones analíticas, pero para el presente trabajo nos centraremos en una de ellas: los modos en que la condición juvenil asume un lugar protagónico en los contextos escolares proponiendo un desplazamiento de la noción más tradicional de “alumno/a”.
Se trata de una investigación cualitativa basada en un estudio a partir de casos (Stake, 1999) escogidos intencionalmente por su potencialidad de responder los interrogantes. Se trabajó con grupos de jóvenes de dos escuelas de la ciudad de Córdoba, durante los años 2011-2014. El corpus estuvo conformado por entrevistas y el análisis de sus medios escolares, pero cabe aclarar que para el presente artículo solo se recuperan las producciones gráficas.
Ciudad y literatura. Cuando Sara Chura despierte de Juan Pablo Piñeiro
Authors: Daona María José 
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo forma parte de una investigación mayor en torno al concepto de ciudad en la Bolivia del siglo XXI. Propongo que la literatura boliviana pone al descubierto las tensiones existentes entre las diferentes culturas que conviven y se superponen en la ciudad de La Paz. Los nuevos imaginarios urbanos le imprimen diversas significaciones al espacio y exploran las formas de convivencia de lo occidental y lo andino. Los personajes de los textos son transeúntes que, en sus pasos, le imprimen diversos sentidos a la “ciudad física” y dan cuenta de la existencia de un “discurso oculto” (Scott, 2000: 28) que devela los mecanismos de insubordinación de los sujetos oprimidos en las estructuras de poder.
En estas páginas me detendré en el análisis de la novela Cuando Sara Chura despierte (2004) de Juan Pablo Piñeiro. En el texto la ciudad aparece como una casa embrujada. El espacio se concibe como un tejido infinito de cruces de voces y mundos subterráneos, el cual quedó invisibilizado por la razón occidental. El transcurrir de los personajes por los intersticios de las calles y por espacios íntimos funciona como un mecanismo que evade el control y la vigilancia de la cultura dominante e implica la posibilidad de suturar la herida colonial.
Tradición literaria y tratamiento del espacio en la narrativa boliviana contemporánea. Una lectura a partir de Lluvia de piedra de Rodrigo Urquiola Flores
Authors: González Almada Magdalena 
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo se propone como un análisis de Lluvia de piedra (2011), novela del autor boliviano Rodrigo Urquiola Flores (1986) en la cual aparece como espacio privilegiado la ciudad de La Paz en tensión con Antofagasta.
El análisis se realiza a partir de dos vectores: en primer lugar, la relación que este texto sostiene con la tradición literaria boliviana y, en segundo lugar, la relevancia que el tratamiento del espacio asume en el mismo. La revisión de la tradición literaria boliviana permite observar en qué medida la narrativa de Urquiola Flores se tensiona con ella, las recurrencias a las cuales apela y la actualización de los imaginarios sociales que atraviesan la literatura boliviana. En este mismo sentido, se examina la impronta del espacio como una noción que se presenta productiva al momento de analizar la narrativa boliviana contemporánea de tema paceño. Asimismo, este análisis permite revisar el concepto de nación a partir de la configuración que del espacio realiza Urquiola en su novela.
Este trabajo apela a marcos teóricos vinculados con la noción de territorio (Calomarde, Ighina) y a trabajos de la crítica centrados en el análisis de la tradición literaria boliviana (Antezana, Wiethüchter, González Almada).
Field-driven domain wall creep motion in ferrimagnetic Tb/CoFeB/MgO microwires
Authors: Hirata Yuushou , Noda Kaoru , Shiota Yoichi , Moriyama Takahiro , Ono Teruo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We studied field-driven domain wall (DW) creep motion in ferrimagnetic Tb/CoFeB/MgO with respect to CoFeB thickness by using a real-time DW detection method. The DW velocity for Tb(5 nm)/CoFeB(1.0 ∼ 1.8 nm)/MgO microwires was measured at room temperature. The DW velocity increases with increasing the CoFeB thickness, which is contrary to a general trend in the ferromagnetic wire. From the creep-scaling analysis, the characteristic velocity at which the DW moves when the energy barrier vanishes is found to be a dominant contribution to the DW velocity. Our results clarify the ferrimagnetic DW dynamics in the creep regime.
Scintillation and photoluminescence properties of Cs2NaY1−x
Pr
x
Cl6 crystals
Authors: Arai Miki , Mizoi Kohei , Fujimoto Yutaka , Koshimizu Masanori , Nakauchi Daisuke , Yanagida Takayuki , Asai Keisuke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Herein, Cs2NaY1−x
Pr
x
Cl6 crystalline scintillators have newly been fabricated and characterized. The crystals exhibited emission bands at ∼300 and ∼500 nm, which originated from the 5d–4f and 4f–4f transitions of Pr3+ ions, respectively, and the scintillation decay time constants were 19–29 and 170–370 ns, respectively. The former was attributed to the emissions from the 5d–4f transitions of Pr3+ ions, whereas the latter was attributed to the host materials. The light yields of these crystals were higher than those of undoped Cs2NaYCl6 crystals. The Cs2NaY0.4Pr0.6Cl6 crystal exhibited the highest light yield (7100 photons MeV−1), which is approximately four times higher than that of the undoped Cs2NaYCl6 crystal (1800 photons MeV−1).
THE TAXONOMICAL SIGNIFICANT OF COMPUTERD PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AND MORPHOLOGICAL DATA IN SOME SPECIES OF POLYGONACEAE
Authors: & et al. Al-Newani 
Published: December 2020

This research dealt with study of cladistics taxonomy of five species related to the genus Rumex L. and Polygonum L. from family polygonaceae in Iraq by using Mesquite software V.2.75. This research support strongly delimiting the species P. aviculare L. and P. lapathifolia L.as suggested in floras publication while R. dentatus L. is setted in single group whereas R. vesicarius L. and R. conglomeratus Murray were included in the same group. Also, this study involved characteristics of shape, dimensions, color, and ornamentation of seeds and fruits as the seed forms were ranging from lenticular to trigonous. In terms of size calculations, the seeds of R. vesicarius was recorded the higher range (4.0- 4.5) mm in length while, P. aviculare recorded the lowest (1.5-1) mm in length. However, the shape was lenticular in P. lapathifolia and trigonous in the remaining species. Color of seeds and surface ornamentation is recognized. fruits shape is an important characters in identification of selected species as two groups are distinguished: persistent tubercules tepals which are spine teeth in R. dentatus and tongue like shape in R. conglomeratus, the second group is persistent tepals which are papery in P. lapathifolia, biconvex in P. aviculare and cordate to winged as in R. vesicarius beside that, colors, dimensions and surface nature is also recorded.
IMPACT OF HERD SIZE ON THE PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY OF SHEEP BREEDING PROJECTS AT THE KOKJALI REGION IN NINEVEH GOVERNORATE FOR THE PRODUCTION SEASON 2018
Authors: & et al. Abd 
Published: December 2020

This research was aimed study of the impact of at checking the extent of impact of the herd size on the levels of economic efficiency and its components, to indicate the extent of which optimality is realized in the exploitation of sheep breeding fattening inputs and for a sample of 75 farms in the Kokjali region in Nineveh Governorate and for the productive season 2018, spring batch. To achieve the research goal, the sample was divided into three categories according to the numbers of animals in the farms. To measure the economic efficiency and optimality in using the inputs, the DEA data envelopment analysis and the statistical program DEAP were used, and it was found from the results of the analysis that the research sample projects achieved high levels of technical efficiency averaging 0.962, 0.981, and 0.99 for the three categories respectively as a result of breeders having experience and skill in managing the resources used in breeding, whereas the levels of allocative and economic efficiencies were variable in the three categories; the three large volumes achieved the highest levels and averaged 0.852 and 0.843 for the allocative and the economic efficiencies respectively. The results showed that there is an increase in the rates of inputs use of fodder, duration of fattening and labor in the research sample, and a decrease in the use of primary weight inputs and the veterinary services. The third category, which is the largest, achieved the lowest increase and decrease rates compared to other categories, Thus, we recommend the breeders in the research sample projects to take advantage of economies of scale and to exploit barns capacity in proportion to the numbers of animals, and the decision-makers not to follow the open market policy and to put restrictions on smuggling and entry of animals to the country, as well as the necessity of supporting the prices for veterinary services and feed.