bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of exvivo catabolites of peptides with doping potential in equine plasma by HILIC‐HRMS
Authors: Guan Fuyu , Fay Savannah , Li Xiaoqing , You Youwen , Robinson Mary A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBioactive peptides pose a great threat to sports integrity. The detection of these peptides is essential for enforcing their prohibition in sports. Identifying the catabolites of these peptides that are formed ex vivo in plasma may improve their detection. In the present study, the stability of 27 bioactive peptides with protection at both termini in equine plasma was examined under different incubation conditions, using HILIC coupled to HRMS. Of the 27 peptides, 13 were stable after incubation at 37°C for 72 hr, but the remaining 14 were less stable. Ex vivo catabolites of these 14 peptides were detected using their theoretical masses generated in silico, their appearance was monitored over the time course of incubation, and their identity was verified by their product ion spectra. Catabolites identified for chemotactic peptide, DALDA, dmtDALDA, deltorphins I and II, Hyp6‐dermorphin, Lys7‐dermorphin, and dermorphin analog are novel. A d‐amino acid residue at position 2 or 1 of a peptide or next to its C‐terminus protected the relevant terminal from degradation by exopeptidases, but such a residue at position 3 did not. A pGlu residue or N‐methylation at the N‐terminus of a peptide did not protect its N‐terminal. Ethylamide at the C‐terminus of a peptide provided the C‐terminal protection from attacks by carboxypeptidases. The C‐terminal Lys amide in DALDA, dmtDALDA, and Lys7‐dermorphin was susceptible to cleavage by plasma enzymes, which is the first report, to the authors’ knowledge. The results from the present study provide insights into the stability of peptides in plasma.
Quality of life is not affected by thyroid surgery in nontoxic benign goitre in long‐term surveillance—A prospective observational study
Authors: Tabriz Navid , Uslar Verena N. , Tabriz Inga , Weyhe Dirk 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveQuality of life (QoL) has so far seldom been taken into account by default in decision‐making for surgical indication in thyroid surgery. Therefore, we compared pre‐ and postoperative QoL of patients using the EuroQoL‐5D (EQ‐5D) questionnaire. The influence of certain socio‐economic factors on QoL as a second end‐point was considered.DesignProspective cohort study.PatientsAbout 153 patients with euthyroid symptomatic benign goitre after hemi‐ and total thyroidectomy (follow‐up 83.6%) have been included.MeasurementsThe EQ‐5D questionnaire was used prior to and 1 year after surgery. In addition, a questionnaire for assessment of socio‐economic status was collected.ResultsFor n = 90 (n = 67 female, n = 23 male), total thyroidectomy (TT) and, for n = 63 (n = 45 female, n = 18 male), hemithyroidectomy (HT) were performed. None permanent dysfunction of the vocal cord was recorded. Transient symptomatic hypocalcaemia was detected in 9% of the thyroidectomy group (8/90 patients). At follow‐up, 86% of patients showed either no change or improved QoL. About 14% of patients complained of deteriorated QoL, regardless of the extent of surgery. Socio‐economic factors did not influence postoperative QoL.ConclusionsResults indicate that in pre‐operative consultation of patients with benign goitre, the improvement of QoL should be taken into account for decision‐making in cases of ambiguous surgical indication. Contrary to current discussions that too much thyroid surgery is performed in Germany, we can recommend presenting surgery as an equivalent option to watchful waiting as QoL is at least preserved or improved. The extension of the resection should, however, be decided individually.
Differential gene expression changes in the dorsal root versus trigeminal ganglia following peripheral nerve injury in rats
Authors: Korczeniewska Olga A. , Katzmann Rider Giannina , Gajra Sheetal , Narra Vivek , Ramavajla Vaishnavi , Chang Yun‐Juan , Tao Yuanxiang , Soteropoulos Patricia , Husain Seema , Khan Junad , Eliav Eli , Benoliel Rafael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe dorsal root (DRG) and trigeminal (TG) ganglia contain cell bodies of sensory neurons of spinal and trigeminal systems, respectively. They are homologs of each other; however, differences in how the two systems respond to injury exist. Trigeminal nerve injuries rarely result in chronic neuropathic pain (NP). To date, no genes involved in the differential response to nerve injury between the two systems have been identified. We examined transcriptional changes involved in the development of trigeminal and spinal NP.MethodsTrigeminal and spinal mononueropathies were induced by chronic constriction injury to the infraorbital or sciatic nerve. Expression levels of 84 genes in the TG and DRG at 4, 8 and 21 days post‐injury were measured using real‐time PCR.ResultsWe found time‐dependent and ganglion‐specific transcriptional regulation that may contribute to the development of corresponding neuropathies. Among genes significantly regulated in both ganglia Cnr2, Grm5, Htr1a, Il10, Oprd1, Pdyn, Prok2 and Tacr1 were up‐regulated in the TG but down‐regulated in the DRG at 4 days post‐injury; at 21 days post‐injury, Adora1, Cd200, Comt, Maob, Mapk3, P2rx4, Ptger1, Tnf and Slc6a2 were significantly up‐regulated in the TG but down‐regulated in the DRG.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that spinal and trigeminal neuropathies due to trauma are differentially regulated. Subtle but important differences between the two ganglia may affect NP development.SignificanceWe present distinct transcriptional alterations in the TG and DRG that may contribute to differences observed in the corresponding mononeuropathies. Since the trigeminal system seems more resistant to developing NP following trauma our findings lay ground for future research to detect genes and pathways that may act in a protective or facilitatory manner. These may be novel and important therapeutic targets.
Provable secure lightweight attribute‐based keyword search for cloud‐based Internet of Things networks
Authors: Ali Mohammad , Sadeghi Mohammad‐Reza 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAs more data from Internet of Things (IoT) devices is outsourced to cloud service providers, the need for secure and efficient fine‐grained access control and data retrieving mechanisms will be increasingly pressing. Attribute‐based keyword search (ABKS) is a promising tool to provide the required infrastructures. However, most of the existing ABKS schemes suffer from expensive computational overhead on the user side. This feature makes such schemes unsuitable for IoT applications as IoT devices usually have limited computational resources. To address this problem, we design a lightweight ABKS scheme called LW‐ABKS. In our scheme, by performing a constant number of efficient computational operations, a data owner can generate a searchable ciphertext. Indeed, in generating a searchable ciphertext, the number of operations performed by data owners modeling IoT devices does not depend on the number of attributes in the access control policy. Moreover, in LW‐ABKS, an authorized data user can retrieve the outsourced data files by performing very lightweight computational operations. We also provide security definitions for the new primitive and prove its security in the standard model and under the hardness assumption of the discrete logarithm and the decisional bilinear Diffie‐Hellman problems.
New use of psychotropic medication after hospitalization among people with dementia
Authors: Möllers Tobias , Perna Laura , Stocker Hannah , Ihle Peter , Schubert Ingrid , Schöttker Ben , Frölich Lutz , Brenner Hermann 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesPsychotropic medication is commonly used among people with dementia (PWD), but it shows modest efficacy and it has been associated with severe adverse events. Hospitalizations are an opportunity for medication management as well as treatment recommendations for outpatient physicians. The aim of this study was to asses factors associated with new use of psychotropic medication after hospitalization among PWD.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective dynamic cohort study from 2004 to 2015 using claims data from a German health insurance company. PWD were identified by an algorithm that included ICD‐10 diagnosis and diagnostic measures. The medication classes included were antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics or hypnotics/sedatives, and Alzheimer's medication. The assessment period was up to 30 days after discharge from the hospital across four hospitalizations.ResultsThe main predictors for new use of psychotropic medication were similar across medication classes. Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and the need of care were associated with higher odds of new use of antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anxiolytics or hypnotics/sedatives. A hospital stay due to dementia was an independent predictor for new use across medication classes as well. Delirium increased the odds for new use of antipsychotics and anxiolytics or hypnotics/sedatives.ConclusionsFactors associated with new use of psychotropic medication included delirium, NPS, and the need of care in PWD. The findings highlight the need for preventive interventions and non‐medical treatment options in regards to delirium and NPS as well as for a more intensive use of screening tools for inappropriate medication use among PWD.Key pointsThe percentage of new users was 1.8%, 7.1%, 2.1%, and 2.5% across hospitalizations for antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics or hypnotics/sedatives, and Alzheimer's medication, respectively.83.0%, 61.9%, 56.9%, and 88.1% of new users received antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics or hypnotics/sedatives, and Alzheimer's medication for more than 6 weeks.Delirium and neuropsychiatric symptoms were associated with significantly increased odds of new psychotropic medication use.Hospital stays due to dementia and the need of care were predictors for new use of psychotropic medication.
Tehran stock exchange prediction using sentiment analysis of online textual opinions
Authors: Hatefi Ghahfarrokhi Arezoo , Shamsfard Mehrnoush 
Published: February 2020

SummaryWe investigate the impact of social media data in predicting the Tehran Stock Exchange variables for the first time. We consider the closing price and daily return of three different stocks for this investigation. We collected our social media data from Sahamyab.com/stocktwits for about 3 months. To extract information from online comments, we propose a hybrid sentiment analysis approach that combines lexicon‐based and learning‐based methods. Since lexicons that are available for the Persian language are not practical for sentiment analysis in the stock market domain, we built a particular sentiment lexicon for this domain. After designing and calculating daily sentiment indices using the sentiment of the comments, we examine their impact on the baseline models that only use historical market data and propose new predictor models using multi‐regression analysis. In addition to the sentiments, we also examine the comments volume and the users' reliabilities. We conclude that the predictability of various stocks in the Tehran Stock Exchange is different depending on their attributes. Moreover, we indicate that only comments volume could be useful for predicting the closing price, and both the volume and the sentiment of the comments could be useful for predicting the daily return. We demonstrate that users' trust coefficients have different behaviours toward the three stocks.
Development a flexible light‐sheet fluorescence microscope for high‐speed 3D imaging of calcium dynamics and 3D imaging of cellular microstructure
Authors: Sparks Hugh , Dvinskikh Liuba , Firth Jahn M. , Francis Alice J. , Harding Sian E. , Paterson Carl , MacLeod Ken T. , Dunsby Chris 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe report a flexible light‐sheet fluorescence microscope (LSFM) designed for studying dynamic events in cardiac tissue at high speed in 3D and the correlation of these events to cell microstructure. The system employs two illumination‐detection modes: the first uses angle‐dithering of a Gaussian light sheet combined with remote refocusing of the detection plane for video‐rate volumetric imaging; the second combines digitally‐scanned light‐sheet illumination with an axially‐swept light‐sheet waist and stage‐scanned acquisition for improved axial resolution compared to the first mode. We present a characterisation of the spatial resolution of the system in both modes. The first illumination‐detection mode achieves dual spectral‐channel imaging at 25 volumes per second with 1024 × 200 × 50 voxel volumes and is demonstrated by time‐lapse imaging of calcium dynamics in a live cardiomyocyte. The second illumination‐detection mode is demonstrated through the acquisition of a higher spatial resolution structural map of the t‐tubule network in a fixed cardiomyocyte cell.
Low independence number and Hamiltonicity implies pancyclicity
Authors: Dankovics Attila 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA graph on vertices is called pancyclic if it contains a cycle of every length . Given a Hamiltonian graph with independence number at most , we are looking for the minimum number of vertices that guarantees that is pancyclic. The problem of finding was raised by Erdős in 1972, who showed that and conjectured that . Improving on a result of Lee and Sudakov, we show that .
Synthesis of benzo[b]xanthene‐triones and tetrahydrochromeno[2,3‐b]xanthene tetraones via three‐ or pseudo–five‐component reactions using Fe3O4@SiO2/PEtOx as a novel, magnetically recyclable, and eco‐friendly nanocatalyst
Authors: Rahnamafar Reyhaneh , Moradi Leila , Khoobi Mehdi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PEtOx) immobilized on Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2/PEtOx) has been constructed as a new, heterogeneous, efficient, and recyclable nanocatalyst. The prepared nanocatalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, and vibrating‐sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. Nanocatalyst was employed to synthesize benzo[b]xanthene‐triones and tetrahydrochromeno[2,3‐b]xanthene tetraones via one‐pot three‐ or pseudo–five‐component reaction between 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone or 2,5‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐benzoquinone, aldehyde, and dimedone or 1,3‐cyclohexanedione under reflux condition in ethanol. The catalyst could be easily separated and recycled several times without considerable loss of activity. Clean methodology, easy work‐up, mild reaction condition, short reaction time with good‐to‐excellent yields, and simple preparation of the catalyst are some advantages of the presented work.
Modulating antibiotic release from reservoirs in 3D‐printed orthopedic devices to treat periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Allen Brian , Moore Christina , Seyler Thorsten , Gall Ken 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPeriprosthetic joint infection is a costly debilitating affliction following total joint arthroplasty. Despite a relatively low incidence rate, periprosthetic joint infection is an increasing problem due to a substantial increase in arthroplasty surgeries over time. The current treatment is replacing the primary implant with a temporary bone cement spacer that releases antibiotics over time. However, the spacer is mechanically weak with an ineffective antibiotic release. Alternatively, three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed reservoirs in high‐strength devices have the potential to release antibiotics long term in a controlled manner. In this study, 3D‐printed reservoirs were loaded with calcium sulfate embedded with gentamicin. In vitro antibiotic release is tuned by varying reservoir parameters, such as channel length, diameter, and quantity. In addition, a straightforward computational model effectively predicts antibiotic release curves to rapidly design devices with a preferred release profile. Overall, this study highlights a novel approach to potentially develop high‐strength joint implants with the long‐term effective release of antibiotics to treat the periprosthetic joint infection.
Synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymer adsorbents for solid‐phase extraction of strobilurin fungicides from agricultural products
Authors: Li Xinyi , Cao Xiaolin , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Ziping , Jiang Zejun , Yin Jungang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMolecularly imprinted polymers for strobilurin fungicides were prepared by precipitation polymerization employing azoxystrobin as template molecular together with methacrylic acid monomer and trimethylolpropane triacrylate cross‐linker. Morphological characterization showed molecularly imprinted polymers were uniform spherical particles with about 0.2 μm in diameter, while the morphologies of nonimprinted polymers were irregular bulk. The equilibrium binding and selective experiments proved that molecularly imprinted polymers possessed a higher affinity toward four fungicides compared to nonimprinted polymers and heterogeneous binding sites were found in the molecularly imprinted polymers. Molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction conditions, including sample loading solvents, selective washing, and elution solvents, were carefully optimized. The developed method showed good recoveries (70.0–114.0%) with relative standard deviations in range of 1.0–9.8% (n  =  3) for samples (cucumber and peach) spiked at three different levels (10, 50, and 100 μg/ kg). The detection limit (signal/noise = 3) ranged from 0.01 to 0.08 μg/kg. The results demonstrated good potential use of this convenient and highly efficient method for determining trace strobilurin fungicides in agricultural products.
Optimization of thin film solid phase microextraction and data deconvolution methods for accurate characterization of organic compounds in produced water
Authors: Emmons Ronald V. , Liden Tiffany , Schug Kevin A. , Gionfriddo Emanuela 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe continued rise in the extraction of unconventional oil and gas across the globe poses many questions about how to manage these relatively new waste‐streams. Produced water, the primary waste by‐product, contains a diverse number of anthropogenic additives together with the numerous hydrocarbons extracted from the well. Due to potential environmental hazards, it is critical to characterize the chemical composition of this type of waste before proper disposal or remediation/reuse. In this work, a thin film solid phase microextraction approach was developed and optimized to characterize produced water. The thin film device consisted of hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance particles embedded in polydimethylsiloxane and immobilized on a carbon mesh surface. These devices were chosen to provide broad extraction coverage and high reusability. Various parameters were evaluated to ensure reproducible results while minimizing analyte loss. This optimized protocol, consisting of a 15 min extraction followed by a short (3 s) rinsing step, enabled the reproducible analysis of produced water without any sample pretreatment. Extraction efficiency was suitable for both produced water additives and hydrocarbons. The developed approach was able to tentatively identify a total of 201 compounds from produced water samples, by using one‐dimensional gas chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry and data deconvolution.
Soil‐atmosphere exchange of greenhouse gases from typical subalpine forests on the eastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau: Effects of forest regeneration patterns
Authors: Liu Shun , Luo Da , Cheng Ruimei , Yang Hongguo , Wu Jiamei , Shi Zuomin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractForest regeneration plays an important role in the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) budget after clear‐cutting. Nonetheless, the effects of regeneration pattern on soil‐atmosphere exchange of greenhouse gases (GHG; CO2, CH4 and N2O) remain poorly understood on the eastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. This study reports measured field layer GHG fluxes from Picea asperata broadleaved mixed forest (MF, mixed forests with planted P. asperata and natural regeneration of broadleaved species), natural secondary forest (NF, natural without assisted regeneration), and P. asperata plantation forest (PF, artificial planting) to investigate the influence of regeneration patterns on soil GHG fluxes. The soils of the three forest types acted as CO2 and N2O sources and CH4 sinks. The seasonal variation in GHG fluxes was related to soil temperature, rather than soil moisture. Forest types originating from different regeneration processes exhibited different gaseous C fluxes (CO2 and CH4), but did not exhibit significant effect on N2O emissions. NF and MF had higher CO2 emissions than PF. The difference was related to soil C and N density, NH4+ concentration, and soil β‐glucosidase activity, rather than the soil microbial community. NF had higher CH4 uptake than the other two forest types, which is possibly related to specific individual phospholipid fatty acids. Overall, forest types differing in regeneration patterns had a significant impact on the C balance from the perspective of soil‐atmosphere exchange of gaseous C at our site. Therefore, the GHG fluxes should be considered when taking measures of forest management and regeneration practices in this region.
Elevational differences in the net primary productivity response to climate constraints in a dryland mountain ecosystem of northwestern China
Authors: Xu Hao‐jie , Zhao Chuan‐yan , Wang Xin‐ping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDryland mountain ecosystems regulate global terrestrial carbon cycling and show high sensitivity to climate variability. The Qilian Mountains (QLMs) typify dryland mountain ranges in northern temperate belts and offer fundamental ecosystem services including forage production and water conservation. However, dominant controls on the interannual trend and variability of net primary productivity (NPP) in this region are unknown. Thus, we examined magnitude and direction of the NPP trend and quantified NPP sensitivity to temperature and precipitation under different biomes and altitudes using ground and remote sensing data. Our results showed that 12% of the QLMs had a reversed NPP trend from increasing to decreasing from 2000 to 2016, particularly in the western and southern parts, where NPP reductions were related to precipitation deficits. About 34% of the QLMs showed accelerated or persistent increasing NPP trends, mainly from the mid‐altitude between 3,100 and 4,300 m. The growth rate of NPP was higher in deserts and grasslands than in forests and increased in deserts but decreased in forests and grasslands with increasing elevation. Precipitation showed a stronger effect on the interannual variability in NPP than temperature did. The temperature sensitivity of NPP was similar along elevation gradients in forest steppes but decreased with increasing elevation in alpine deserts. The precipitation sensitivity of NPP reached highest in shrubby meadows when compared with coniferous forests and alpine deserts. This research provides new insights into climate controls of the NPP over the QLMs and to present drought as a growing threat to shrubby meadows and alpine deserts.
Higher dimensional Calabi–Yau manifolds of Kummer type
Authors: Burek Dominik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBased on Cynk–Hulek method from [7] we construct complex Calabi–Yau varieties of arbitrary dimensions using elliptic curves with an automorphism of order 6. Also we give formulas for Hodge numbers of varieties obtained from that construction. We shall generalize the result of [11] to obtain arbitrarily dimensional Calabi–Yau manifolds which are Zariski in any characteristic .