bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stunting Diagnostic and Awareness: Impact assessment study of sociodemographic factors of stunting among school-going children of Pakistan
Authors: Ponum Mahvish , Khan Saadia , Hasan Osman , Mahmood Muhammad Tahir , Abbas Asad , Iftikhar Mehwish , Arshad Reema 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Stunting is a major public health issue in most of developing countries. Although, its worldwide prevalence is decreasing slowly but the number of stunted children is still rising in Pakistan. Stunting is highly associated with several long-term consequences, including higher rate of mortality and morbidity, deficient cognitive growth, school performance, learning capacity, work capacity and work productivity. To prevent stunting, we proposed Stunting Diagnostic and Education app. This app includes detailed knowledge of stunting and it’s all forms, symptoms, causes, video tutorials and guidelines by the Pediatricians and Nutritionists.Methods: A cross-sectional study has been conducted in schools of Multan District, Pakistan for the period of January 2019 to June 2019. Sample data of 1420 children, aged 4 to 18 years using three age groups, were analyzed by using SPSS version 21.0 to assess the prevalence of stunting and to analyze the risk factors associated with it in children under and over 5 age. Chi square test was applied in comparison with rural and urban participants and p-value <0.05 was considered as significant. This study includes distribution of sociodemographic characteristics, parental education, working status of mothers, dietary patterns of school going children and prevalence of stunting in school going children. After getting study results, Stunting Diagnostic and Education app was developed according to the instructions of child experts and nutritionists.Results: 354 (24.93%) participants were stunted out of 1420, 11.9 % children were obese and 63.17% children were normal. Out of 354 stunted children, higher ratio of stunting was found in the age group of 8-11 years children with 51.98 percentage. 37.85% stunted children were found in the age group of 4-7 years and 10.17% stunting was found in the age group of 12-18 years children. It was observed in the study that male children were highly stunted than female with 57.91 % and 42.09% respectively. Children living in rural areas were more stunted affected as compared to the children living in urban society with percentage 58.76 and 41.24 respectively.Conclusions: Our study concluded that 24.93% children were stunted, out of which, age group of 8-11 years children were highly stunted. The study showed that the literacy of mother or caregiver had high impact on children’s health. Therefore, Stunting Diagnostic and Education app was developed to educate mothers to prevent stunting.
Personalized peptide vaccination for castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial
Authors: Noguchi Masanori , Fujimoto Kiyohide , Arai Gaku , Uemura Hiroji , Hashine Katsuyoshi , Matsumoto Hiroaki , Fukasawa Satoshi , Kohjimoto Yasuo , Nakatsu Hideomi , Takenaka Atsushi , Fujisawa Masato , Uemura Hirotsugu , Naito Seiji , Egawa Shin , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Hinotsu Shiro , Itoh Kyogo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background To develop a new treatment modality, we conducted a phase 3 randomized trial of personalized peptide vaccination (PPV) for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A24-positive patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) for whom docetaxel chemotherapy failed. Methods This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial was done at 68 medical centers in Japan. Eligible patients were aged 20 years or older, positive immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to at least 2 of 12 warehouse peptides, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1, life expectancy of at least 12 weeks, serum testosterone level of ≤ 50 ng/dl, and satisfactory bone marrow function, hepatic function, and renal function. Patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive PPV or placebo. Four of 12 warehouse peptides selected based on pre-existing peptide-specific IgG levels or the corresponding placebo were subcutaneously injected in 6 doses weekly and then bi-weekly following the maximum of 30 doses until disease progression. The primary end point was overall survival (OS). Efficacy analyses were by the full analysis set. Results Between August 2013 and April 2016, 310 patients were randomly assigned, and 306 patients were analyzed. Baseline characteristics were balanced between groups. The estimated median OS was 16.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 13–18.2) with PPV and 16.9 months (95% CI, 13.1–20.4) with placebo (hazard ratio [HR], 1.04, 95% CI, 0.80–1.37; p = 0.77). Grade ≥ 3 adverse events were observed in 41% in both groups. The analysis of treatment arm effects among subgroups revealed lower HRs for OS in favor of the PPV arm in patients with < 64% neutrophils (HR, 0.55, 95% CI, 0.33–0.93; p = 0.03) or ≥ 26% lymphocytes (HR, 0.70, 95% CI, 0.52–0.92; p = 0.02) at base line. Conclusions PPV did not prolong OS in HLA-A24-positive patients with CRPC progressing after docetaxel chemotherapy. Subgroup analysis suggested that the patients with a lower proportion of neutrophils or a higher proportion of lymphocytes at base line can receive survival benefits from PPV treatment.
RETRACTED: Effects of dexmedetomidine on postoperative delirium and expression of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α in elderly patients after hip fracture operation
Authors: Zhang Wenchao , Wang Tianlong , Wang Geng , Yang Minghui , Zhou Yan , Yuan Yi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

3 September, 2024. Research Square has retracted this preprint due to retraction of the associated journal publication at Frontiers. The journal retraction notice can be found [here](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1483859/full).
Epidemiological, Clinical characteristics and Drug resistance situation of Culture-confirmed Children TBM in Southwest of China: A 6-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Dong-Mei , Li Qing-Feng , Zhu Ma , Wu Gui-Hui , Li Xi , Xu Yuan-Hong , Zhong Jing , Luo Jia , Li Ying-Jie , Ying Bin-Wu , Tao Chuan-Min 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background : Sichuan is a province located in southwestern China, which have a higher incidence of tuberculosis (TB).This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, as well as drug resistance in culture-confirmed children with Tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) in Southwest of China. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective study on children (<14 years old) with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture-confirmed TBM between January 2013 and December 2018 at Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu (PHCCC). Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) drug sensitivity testing (DST) was performed using the MicroDST TM method. The age, gender, family history of tuberculosis, status of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination, residential areas information, clinical, laboratory, and radiological features were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics Client 25.0, and the change in drug resistance rate was examined using the Cruskal-Wallis test. Results: Among 319 patients clinically diagnosed with TBM, 42 cases were Mycobacterial culture-positive, with a positive rate of 13.2 per 100 patients. Their median age was nine years, and the distribution was equal among female and male patients. Among 42 patients who were enrolled in the study, 1/42 (2.38%) passed away. Children with TBM were concentrated in the minority areas of western Sichuan, where 34/42 (81.0%) patients with TBM were ethnic minorities, and only 2/42 (4.76%) received BCG vaccination in the past. Chest X-rays changes were observed in all patients. Fever and headache were the most common presenting symptom. Thirty-five (83.3%) patients suffered from neck stiffness, and 30/42 (71.4%) had high CSF pressure. DST results showed that the resistance rate was high; resistance to any anti-tuberculosis drug (ATD) was observed in 13 (31.0%) patient isolates, while multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) were found in 2 (4.8%) and 1 (2.4%) patients, respectively. Conclusions : TBM among children in Southwest China was mainly concentrated in the minority areas of western Sichuan. The most common symptoms were fever, headache, and neck stiffness and all patients had positive chest X-ray findings. In addition, high rates of drug resistance were found; and more than 95% of patients did not receive BCG vaccination at birth.ΦΦΦ
Sterile phosphate as a novel calcic adsorbent for phosphorus removal from wastewater
Authors: Hassoune Hicham , Lachehab Adil 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Sterile phosphate (SP) was investigated for phosphorus removal from wastewater using batch adsorption experiments. The novel adsorbent is a mining by-product obtained from the phosphate mining plants having a strong affinity with phosphorus ions present in wastewater. The results of the batch adsorption experiments indicated that 30 min of contact time between the adsorbent and wastewater was sufficient for attaining equilibrium. The phosphorus removal from wastewater increased with increasing initial phosphorus concentration, adsorbent dose and temperature, while it decreased with increasing initial pH values. The maximum phosphorus removal efficiency was noted to be 94.4%. It was achieved in slightly acidic conditions (pH = 4), with an adsorbent dose and initial phosphorus concentration of 3 g L−1 and 20 mg L−1, respectively, and at room temperature. Kinetic analysis showed that phosphorus adsorption onto sterile phosphate was best fitted with the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The adsorption equilibrium data fitted well to the Langmuir model equation, indicating monolayer coverage of the adsorbent. The adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir model equation was found to be 7.962 mg g−1. Comparing with some industrial products and natural mineral adsorbents, sterile phosphate was found to be the most efficient adsorbent for phosphorus removal from wastewater.
Survival of Beneficial Vaginal Lactobacilli (BVL) to Different Gastrointestinal Tract Conditions
Authors: Marchesi Antonella , Silva Jessica A. , Wiese Birgitt , Nader-Macías María E.F. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Lactobacilli are the dominant bacteria in the healthy vaginal tract, preventing the income
of pathogenic microorganisms, either sexually or not transmitted. Probiotics are used to restore the vaginal microbiome
by local administration. However, the ascendant colonization is proposed as a way to restore the vaginal
balance, and to exert some complementary effects on the host, situation that requires that probiotic strains resist
the gastrointestinal tract passage.

Objective:
To determine which probiotic vaginal strains were able to resist different gastrointestinal factors (pH,
bile salts, and enzymes) to advance in the design of oral formulas.

Methods:
Different protocols were applied to evaluate the growth of 24 beneficial vaginal lactic bacteria (BVL)
strains at low pH and high bile salts (individually evaluated) and in combined protocols. The viability of the
strains in simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions was studied to select the most resistant strains.

Results:
A low number of BVL was able to grow at low pH. Most of the strains did not survive at high bile salts
concentration. The passage through pH first and bile salts later showed that only three strains were able to survive.
In the simulated intestinal conditions, only Lactobacillus gasseri CRL1290, L. jensenii CRL1313, and L.
jensenii CRL1349 decrease one or two logarithmic growth units (UFC/ml) at the end of the assay, maintaining
their beneficial properties.

Conclusion:
The behavior of BVL in the conditions assayed is not related to specific strain or metabolic group,
because the resistance is strain-specific. The results highlight the importance of the screening performed in a way
to select the most adequate strains to be included in the oral designed formula for the restoration of the vaginal
tract microbiome.
Evaluation of Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis in Pediatric Patients with Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Yazıcı Mutlu U. , Ayar Ganime , Çetinkaya Semra , Keskin Meliksah , Azapağası Ebru , Neşelioğlu Saim , Erel Özcan , Bayrakçı Benan 
Published: February 2020

Aim and Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the value of Thiol/Disulfide
homeostasis in pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis patients suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Materials and Methods:
This study featured children who were diagnosed with diabetic
ketoacidosis and who were consecutively admitted to pediatric intensive care within one year of
their diagnosis. Thiol/disulfide homeostasis was evaluated in 45 pediatric patients suffering from
DKA, as well as 45 healthy controls of parallel gender and age. Thiol/disulfide homeostasis
parameters were measured using a novel automated measurement method and the correlation
between demographic data and parameters was measured.

Results:
Pediatric patients were found to have low native thiols, total thiols and disulfide levels
with type 1 diabetes after DKA (331.82±106.40, 362.71±113.31, 17.02±5.33 μmol/L, respectively)
as compared to the control group (445.08±24.41, 481.21± 28.47, 18.06±5.12 μmol/L,
respectively).

Conclusion:
Thiol/disulfide homeostasis was distorted in pediatric patients with DKA.
Furthermore, it was found that they are not likely to return to normal, immediately after treatment.
Macromolecular Targets of Antiparasitic Germacranolide Sesquiterpenoids: An In Silico Investigation
Authors: Arnston Phillip M. , Setzer William N. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
The parasitic protozoal infections leishmaniasis, human African
trypanosomiasis, and Chagas disease are neglected tropical diseases that pose serious health risks
for much of the world’s population. Current treatment options suffer from limitations, but plantderived
natural products may provide economically advantageous therapeutic alternatives. Several
germacranolide sesquiterpenoids have shown promising antiparasitic activities, but the
mechanisms of activity have not been clearly established.

Objective:
The objective is to use in silico screening of known antiparasitic germacranolides
against recognized protozoal protein targets in order to provide insight into the molecular
mechanisms of activity of these natural products.

Methods:
Conformational analyses of the germacranolides were carried out using density
functional theory, followed by molecular docking. A total of 88 Leishmania protein structures, 86
T. brucei protein structures, and 50 T. cruzi protein structures were screened against 27
antiparasitic germacranolides.

Results:
The in-silico screening has revealed which of the protein targets of Leishmania spp.,
Trypanosoma brucei, and Trypanosoma cruzi are preferred by the sesquiterpenoid ligands.
New Platinum (II) Ternary Complexes of Formamidine and Pyrophosphate: Synthesis, Characterization and DFT Calculations and In vitro Cytotoxicity
Authors: Soliman Ahmed A. , Attaby Fawzy A. , Alajrawy Othman I. , Abou-hussein Azza A.A. , Linert Wolfgang 
Published: February 2020

Aim and Objective:Platinum (II) and platinum (IV) of pyrophosphate complexes have been prepared and characterized to discover their potential as antitumor drugs. This study was conducted to prepare and characterize new ternary platinum (II) complexes with formamidine and pyrophosphate as an antitumor candidate.Materials and Methods:The complexes have been characterized by mass, infrared, UV-Vis. spectroscopy, elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, thermal analyses, and theoretical calculations. They have been tested for their cytotoxicity, which was carried out using the fastcolorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival against MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line), HCT- 116 (colon carcinoma cell line), and HepG-2 (hepatocellular cancer cell line).Results:All complexes are diamagnetic, and the electronic spectral data displayed the bands due to square planar Pt(II) complexes. The optimized complexes structures (1-4) indicated a distorted square planar geometry where O-Pt-O and N-Pt-N bond angles were 82.04°-96.44°, respectively.Conclusion:The complexes showed noticeable cytotoxicity and are considered as promising antitumor candidates for further applications.
Jurisprudence Study of the Importance of the Role of a Woman’s Right to Have a Child: A Review
Authors: Ghodrati Fatemeh 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Every woman has the right to have children.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the Jurisprudence study of the importance of the role of a
woman right to have a child.

Methods:
A review of the literature with keywords of motherhood. The viewpoints of the jurists,
jurisprudent law, right contraception and breastfeeding, spiritual rewards, pregnant women, instinct
of having a child and the Quran. The Information Centers such as Scopus and Iranmedex, Magi ran
SID, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Pub med, and in the returns without any time limitations up to
2018. Therefore, Qur'anic verses based on the topic and authentic Hadith texts as well as authoritative,
authentic scientific articles.

Results:
Narrations and Quran verses on greatness and respect of a mother show the importance of
the maternal role. The maternal role is a fabulous facet of perfection of a woman and Islam has
considered spiritual rewards for it. In the Quran, many biological changes such as pregnancy, childbirth,
breastfeeding and taking care of a child and spiritual characteristics of mothers as the instinct
seeking a child or generosity towards child have been mentioned. Islamic rules have a duty to extend
this culture and aid mothers to achieve this right. Nobody can deprive a woman of it.

Conclusion:
In view of jurisprudent rules in Islam, if there is no limitation or natural barrier for a
woman to have a child but her husband’s illogical unwillingness for having a child; this is, according
to article 1130 of civil law, a kind of distress and embarrassment and the woman has the right to
divorce.
Relative Estimate of Revised Cardiovascular Risk Combining Traditional and Non-traditional Image-based CV Markers: A Kerala Based Study
Authors: Paul Paulin , George Noel , Shan B. Priestly 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Non-traditional image markers can improve the traditional cardiovascular
risk estimation, is untested in Kerala based participants.

Objective:
To identify the relationship between the ‘Modified CV risk’ categories with traditional
and non-traditional image-based risk markers. The correlation and improvement in reclassification,
achieved by pooling atherosclerotic non-traditional markers with Intermediate (≥7.5% and <20%)
and High (≥20%) 10-year participants is evaluated.

Methods:
The cross-sectional study with 594 participants has the ultrasound measurements recorded
from the medical archives of clinical locations at Ernakulum district, Kerala. With carotid
Intima-Media Thickness (cIMT) measurement, the Plaque (cP) complexity was computed using
selected plaque characteristics to compute the carotid Total Plaque Risk Score (cTPRS) for superior
risk tagging. Statistical analysis was done using RStudio, the classification accuracy was verified
using the decision tree algorithm.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was (58.14±10.05) years. The mean cIMT was
(0.956±0.302) mm, with 65.6% plaque incidence. With 94.90% variability around its mean, the
Multinomial Logistic Regression model identifies cIMT and cTPRS, age, diabetics, Familial Hypercholesterolemia
(FH), Hypertension treatment, the presence of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA),
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) as significant (p<0.05). cIMT and cP were found significant for
‘Intermediate High’, ‘High’ and ‘Very High’ ‘Modified CV risk’ categories. However, age, diabetes,
gender and use of hypertension treatment are significant for the ‘Intermediate’ ‘Modified CV
risk’ category. The overall performance of the MLR model was 80.5%. The classification accuracy
verified using the decision tree algorithm has 78.7% accuracy.

Conclusion:
The use of atherosclerotic markers shows a significant correlation suitable for a nextlevel
reclassification of the traditional CV risk.
Chemical Composition and Bioactivity of Essential Oil and Extracts of Salvia limbata C.A. Mey (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Mahdavi Behnam , Ghezi Somaye , Maleki Behroz 
Published: February 2020

Background:
This research tried to evaluate the chemical composition of the essential oil of
Salvia limbata, and also bioactivity of essential oil and the plant extract. S. limbata is an aromatic plant
with medicinal uses, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory activities.

Methods:
The essential oils of the flowers of Salvia limbata were obtained using a Clevenger-type apparatus,
and its chemical composition was identified by chromatography methods. The study was also conducted
to evaluate antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the plant extracts. For this purpose, the leaves
and flowers of S. limbata were extracted using methanol and then fractioned by n-hexane and Ethyl Acetate
(EtOAc). Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), Radical Scavenging Activity
(RSA) and the Disc-Diffusion (DD) assay were run to study the bioactivity of the plant extracts.

Results:
The oil was dominated by the oxygenated hydrocarbon of 5-methylene-2,3,4,4-tetramethylcyclopent-
2-enone (37.1%), oxygenated sesquiterpene of occidol (22.8%), and sesquiterpene hydrocarbon
of β-bourbonene (12.1%). The EtOAc extract of the flowers showed the TPC with 66.2±0.62 mg
GAE/g (mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of extract) and RSA with IC50 of 17.96±0.54 μg/mL.
Although the EtOAc extract of the leaves exhibited the highest TFC with 61.96±4.73 mg RuE/g (mg of
rutin equivalents per gram of extract). The extracts inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Citrobacter
frurdi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pneumonia. The extracts were inactive against
Staphylococcus coagulase, Enterobacter aerogenes, Acinetobacter baumannii, Serratia marcescens,
and Klebsiella pneumoni.

Conclusion:
According to the results, the plant extracts were potent agant in antioxidant activity.