bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical and Time series Analysis of Ground Water Parameters of Kalahandi District, Odisha, India
Authors: Patnaik M. , Priyadarshini M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The present research is based on both qualitative and quantitative analysis of ground water of a western state Kalahandi of Odisha, India. 15 physio chemical parameters in addition to ground water depth data has been collected from CGWB, Bhubaneswar, Odisha for all 13 blocks of the district. The main objective of this study is to derive significant relationships between the groundwater parameters and to understand the factors controlling these parameters. Plots of linear regression reveals strong co relationship between magnesium, bicarbonate ions with total alkalinity. Magnesium, chloride and bicarbonate ions are significantly controlling the electrical conductivity of the groundwater. An important implication derived from the time series plot that the pattern of most of the physiochemical and quantitative parameters cannot be assumed linear. Therefore, reliance on formal regression cannot be undertaken for trend analysis. Mann-Kendall test as a non-parametric method of trend testing is taken. Based on S statistics, parameters such as hardness and magnesium show increasing trend whereas pH, sodium and potassium show a significant decreasing trend. Groundwater depth shows surprising results of significantly increasing trend being the S value as high as 103, which leads to ample scope of utilization and reliance on groundwater of the district.
Tungsten carbide and LMPA electron cutouts: comparison and validation using Monte Carlo modelling and measurement of dose
Authors: Leat Christopher J , Ramachandran Prabhakar , Langton Christian M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Electron applicator cutouts for radiation therapy electron beam shaping are typically cast from Low Melting Point Alloys (LMPA), such as cerrobend. In this work, we describe the Monte Carlo modelling of novel 3D printed cutouts based on tungsten carbide powder and the resulting dose profiles subject to Elekta Agility electron beams. Cerrobend cutouts were also modelled using the Monte Carlo code EGSnrc. Cerrobend and tungsten carbide cutouts were found to have the same dose profiles within model variance. Computed profiles and percentage depth dose (PDDs) curves of the Elekta Agility accelerator model using standard cutouts in water were found to agree with water tank measurements using gamma criteria of 2%/2mm. The Monte Carlo computed dose profiles of the tungsten carbide cutouts in a polystyrene phantom were also found to agree with liquid-filled ionization chamber array measurements using gamma criteria of 2%/2mm. We conclude that the tungsten carbide cutouts are clinically equivalent to LMPA cutouts.
Do Hind Wing Eyespots of Caligo Butterflies Function in Both Mating Behavior and Antipredator Defense? (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)
Authors: Crees Logan D , DeVries Phil , Penz Carla M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In general, butterfly ventral hind wing eyespots are considered to play a role in predator–prey interactions. These eyespots are prominent wing pattern elements in Brassolini butterflies, and they vary in size, position, and number across taxa. Female Caligo Hübner, 1819 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) appear to use the large eyespots of lekking males as a mate-locating cue, but female Opsiphanes Doubleday, 1849 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) do not because males patrol to find mates. These behaviors led us to predict that male Caligo should have larger eyespots than females, but eyespot size would not differ between sexes in Opsiphanes. Our analyses supported these predictions. As displacement of the eyespots to the center of the wing might make them more conspicuous, we asked if eyespot position and size covaried across the Brassolini phylogeny. While we found a positive association between position and size, the relationship of these two variables contained significant phylogenetic signal. Two Brassolini species show strong sexual dimorphism where females converge on the color pattern of sympatric species of Caligo. Their ventral hind wing eyespots are much larger than those of close relatives, approximating those of Caligo, and further reinforcing the importance of ventral hind wing eyespots as a visual signal in this group of butterflies. Importantly, our results suggest that, in addition to antipredation defense, ventral hind wing eyespots can function in mating activities, and consequently they might be evolving under both natural and sexual selection in Caligo butterflies.
Carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and biological control of agricultural pests in Latin America
Authors: Cividanes Francisco J 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe well-diversified Latin American agriculture plays an essential role in the economy of that region, through the export of food and agricultural commodities. The region is expected to continue playing a significant role in world agricultural production and trade. Carabid beetles are efficient consumers of arthropod pests and weed seeds on agricultural land, which makes them a target for studies by entomologists aiming to determine whether predatory carabids are capable of suppressing pest populations. However, carabids have been mostly studied in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Here, evidence for carabids as biocontrol agents of agricultural pests in Latin America is examined, aiming to improve understanding of this predator group in Latin American agroecosystems. The records found were organized into the following subject areas: conservation tactics, biocontrol agents, agricultural practices, and population survey. The literature review identified several gaps in knowledge of these topics, which made it possible to indicate potential research projects related to noncrop habitats, population studies, and consumption of weed seeds. Laboratory investigations of carabids’ predatory capacity indicated that they have the potential to control pests. However, field studies have failed to demonstrate that carabids significantly decreased pest densities. Although polyculture is a traditional practice of smallholder farmers in Latin America, the literature involving carabids and this sustainable agriculture practice is sparse. Looking forward, the utilization of polyculture and the existing no-till system in large fields provide opportunities for future research on ground beetles in Latin America.
LexExp: a system for automatically expanding concept lexicons for noisy biomedical texts
Authors: Sarker Abeed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Summary
LexExp is an open-source, data-centric lexicon expansion system that generates spelling variants of lexical expressions in a lexicon using a phrase embedding model, lexical similarity-based natural language processing methods and a set of tunable threshold decay functions. The system is customizable, can be optimized for recall or precision and can generate variants for multi-word expressions.

Availability and implementation
Code available at: https://bitbucket.org/asarker/lexexp; data and resources available at: https://sarkerlab.org/lexexp.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Probabilistic framework for integration of mass spectrum and retention time information in small molecule identification
Authors: Bach Eric , Rogers Simon , Williamson John , Rousu Juho 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Identification of small molecules in a biological sample remains a major bottleneck in molecular biology, despite a decade of rapid development of computational approaches for predicting molecular structures using mass spectrometry (MS) data. Recently, there has been increasing interest in utilizing other information sources, such as liquid chromatography (LC) retention time (RT), to improve identifications solely based on MS information, such as precursor mass-per-charge and tandem mass spectrometry (MS2).

Results
We put forward a probabilistic modelling framework to integrate MS and RT data of multiple features in an LC-MS experiment. We model the MS measurements and all pairwise retention order information as a Markov random field and use efficient approximate inference for scoring and ranking potential molecular structures. Our experiments show improved identification accuracy by combining MS2 data and retention orders using our approach, thereby outperforming state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, we demonstrate the benefit of our model when only a subset of LC-MS features has MS2 measurements available besides MS1.

Availability and implementation
Software and data are freely available at https://github.com/aalto-ics-kepaco/msms_rt_score_integration.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Role of the Law of Unjust Enrichment in Singapore
Authors: Tang Hang Wu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Singapore’s unjust enrichment law may be described as a form of adoption with adaptation from English law, which is indicative of two phenomena: first, the idea of law as a travelling phenomenon and, second, the development of law as a circulation of ideas. In Singapore, unjust enrichment is now accepted as a distinct branch of the law of obligations alongside tort and contract, providing relief to a plaintiff who has transferred an enrichment to the defendant in circumstances where the plaintiff’s intent was vitiated. This vitiation of intent is expressed as an ‘unjust factor’. While certain ‘unjust factors’ are regarded as well established, Singapore’s jurisprudence has not confronted the difficult question of what are the proper considerations to consider before admitting new ‘unjust factors’. Hence, the unjust enrichment principle in Singapore may be described as positivist and weakly normative and operates as an organizing concept for pre-existing recognized ‘unjust factors’. Unlike civil law, unjust enrichment law in Singapore does not have a role to play when the enrichment is transferred where there is an absence of basis. This article also traces two constraints that limit the role of the law of unjust enrichment in other contexts—namely, the insistence that there must be a direct transfer of enrichment from the plaintiff to the defendant and that unjust enrichment claims may not operate where there is a valid contract conferring the enrichment. In terms of divergence, Singapore has charted its own course in terms of the role unjust enrichment law plays in the context of an illegal contract. Instead of relying on a range of considerations before allowing restitution, Singapore’s approach to restitution considers whether the claim would undermine the fundamental policy, be it statutory or of the common law, that rendered the contract in question void and unenforceable in the first place.
A case report of arterial and venous thromboembolism in a patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Del Castillo-García Samuel , Minguito-Carazo Carlos , Echarte Julio César , Rodríguez-Santamarta Miguel , González Tomás Benito , Terroba Seara Sandra , Martìnez González Lara , Fernández-Vázquez Felipe 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly worldwide since the outbreak originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Cardiovascular complications in patients with severe COVID-19 have been reported and are associated with a worse outcome. Coagulopathy is one of the most common life-threatening complication increasing mortality; however, little evidence is available regarding prevention strategies or its treatment in COVID-19 patients.

Case summary
We report a case of a 70-year-old woman admitted to hospital with severe COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia who developed severe coagulopathy with multiple both, venous and arterial, embolisms in major vessels such as bilateral pulmonary embolism, acute thrombus in abdominal aorta, and acute thrombotic occlusion of the right iliac common artery. The patient underwent emergent surgical thrombectomy of the right lower limb; in spite of anticoagulant treatment at therapeutic doses, patient presented poor clinical evolution and an infracondylar amputation of right lower limb was made finally. Subsequently, the patient received low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), antibiotics and antiviral therapy improving her renal function and her pneumonia, so she could be discharged safely.

Discussion
Prothrombotic coagulopathy due to enhanced acute inflammatory response and diffuse intravascular coagulation has been described in severe critical COVID-19 patients. This state of hypercoagulability is associated with organ dysfunction and mortality and may predispose to both, venous and arterial, thromboembolism. Little data are available regarding the best therapeutic and prevention strategies in this scenario, although thrombosis prophylaxis with LMWH has been associated with a better outcome.
Developing an authentication approach using SPME-GC-IRMS based on compound-specific δ 13C analysis of six typical volatiles in wine
Authors: Jin Xinyu , Zhang Limin , Wu Shimin , Huang Mingquan , Yu Wenjuan , Zhang Shanshan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An analytical method using gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS) combined with solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) was developed to measure the δ 13C values of six typical volatiles commonly occurring in wine (isoamyl acetate, 2-octanone, limonene, 2-phenylethanol, ethyl octanoate and ethyl decanoate) for the first time. SPME selected with a divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber was combined with the GC-IRMS for pretreatment optimization. The optimized SPME parameters of extraction time, extraction temperature and salt concentration were 40 min, 40 °C and 10%, respectively. The δ 13C values measured by SPME-GC-IRMS were in good agreement with those measured via elemental analyzer (EA)-IRMS and GC-IRMS. The differences range from 0.02 to 0.44‰ with EA-IRMS and from 0 to 0.28‰ with GC-IRMS, indicating the high accuracy of the method. This newly established method measured the precision within 0.30‰ and was successfully validated to discriminate imported real wine samples with identical label but amazing price differences from different importers.
Achieving wind comfort through window design in residential buildings in cold climates, a case study in Tabriz city
Authors: Tamaskani Esfahankalateh Atefeh , Farrokhzad Mohammad , Saberi Ommid , Ghaffarianhoseini Amirhosein 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Air movement affects thermal comfort both by increasing evaporative loss through the skin and heat transfer between the body and surrounding environment through convection. Generally, in cold climates, it is best to avoid wind to better control the thermal environment. However, crafted passive airflow is essential for providing fresh air and natural ventilation at certain times of year. The use of a window of the right size and location in a cold climate is also indispensable. In this study, the wind speed was calculated for the height of a residential building in the city of Tabriz. A computational fluid dynamics simulation was used to calculate the inflow air speed for each window and the comfort conditions were compared. The findings determined the months where window openings can be used to enhance thermal comfort. The analysis shows how the direction and shape of the window play a major role in directing outdoor air flow indoors at the right time in the right quantity. East- and west-facing windows are most favorable and north- and south-facing windows can only be used in some months. This shows how building designers can quantify the effect of window design in each climate for the occupant’s comfort.
Numerical analysis for nematic electrolytes
Authors: Baňas Ľubomír , Lasarzik Robert , Prohl Andreas 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We consider a system of nonlinear PDEs modeling nematic electrolytes, and construct a dissipative solution with the help of its implementable, structure-inheriting and space–time discretization. Computational studies are performed to study the mutual effects of electric, elastic and viscous effects onto the molecules in a nematic electrolyte.
Enforcing China’s Anti-Monopoly law in regulated industries: a study of the airline industry
Authors: Cai Jingmeng , Lee Jae Woon 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Since China enacted its Anti-Monopoly Law (AML) in 2007, foreign observers and business operators have constantly raised concerns as to whether the AML can inject a modern competition spirit into the world’s largest transitional economy or whether the AML will be overridden by policy objectives. These concerns become more obvious in industries that have been heavily regulated by the government. In this article, we choose the airline industry as a research target to explore possible ways to restrain industrial regulators from unduly interfering in competition and to reinforce the role of the AML. We focus on three kinds of administrative regulations in China’s domestic aviation market: limiting the threshold of market entry, price regulations, and subsidies. Then we analyse the policy objectives these regulations intend to achieve and their anti-competitive effects. Finally, we conclude with two suggestions from long-term and short-term perspectives: first, the newly established Fair Competition Review System (FCRS) should be effectively used to normalize and limit regulators’ policy-making authority. Moreover, the reviewing criteria should be made clearer and more meticulous to offer both FCRS reviewers and anti-monopoly agencies guidelines for assessing the effects of administrative behaviours on competition. Second, in the long term, industrial regulators are encouraged to set up competition-friendly industrial policies, embrace modern competition concepts in their traditional regulatory paradigm, and foster a competitive culture.
Prevalence of Gastroduodenal Polyps in Children With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
Authors: Stone James K , Bernstein Charles N , Singh Harminder , El-Matary Wael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
To assess the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal adenomatous polyps in a cohort of pediatric familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients to determine if early screening is warranted.

Study Design
All 11 pediatric FAP patients diagnosed in Manitoba between January 2012 and December 2019 were recruited. Patient records were examined and data on age of diagnosis, gene mutation, age of first screening endoscopy, number of endoscopies, number of gastric and colonic polyps, associated pathology, medications, symptoms and FAP-related surgeries were extracted and descriptive statistics reported.

Results
A total of 11 children were diagnosed with FAP over the study period with a mean age at diagnosis of 6.3 ± 3.2 years with 72.3% males and median follow-up of 4.8 years. The mean age at first gastroscopy was 10.9 ± 2.9 years and 10.8 ± 3.0 years at colonoscopy. Eight patients (72%) had upper gastrointestinal polyps, with adenomatous changes seen in seven of them on pathology. No patients had invasive carcinoma or high-grade dysplasia. All patients developed tubular adenomas on colorectal polyp pathology. Four (36%) patients underwent surgical colectomy.

Conclusions
Early-onset upper gastrointestinal adenomatous polyps in a pediatric FAP are common. Our study provides further data to support consideration of further, large-scale research into the benefit of early endoscopic screening for upper gastrointestinal malignancy in FAP patients.
Using the rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 to Identify the Invasive PestRhagoletis cerasi(Diptera: Tephritidae) in North America
Authors: Barr Norman B , Garza Daniel , Ledezma Lisa A , Salinas David A 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe cherry-infesting fruit fly Rhagoletis cerasi Loew is a significant commercial pest in Europe that has recently invaded North America. To date, it has been trapped only in Canada and northwestern counties of New York. It has the potential to spread further and threaten production and movement of cherry commodities. Timely diagnosis of the pest will facilitate surveys and quick response to new detections. Adult morphology of the pest is distinct from other flies in North America. However, when flies are significantly damaged on traps or the immature life stages are found in fruits, molecular methods of identification are important to confirm presence and host-use records. Other than DNA sequencing of genes from flies which takes over a day to complete, there are no timely methods of molecular identification for this pest. In this study, we report the first sequence record of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) from R. cerasi and develop two diagnostic tests for the pest based on ITS1 differences among species in North America. The tests use loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and multiplex, conventional polymerase chain reaction (mcPCR) technologies that target the same region of the R. cerasi ITS1 sequence. Both tests performed well when tested against collections of R. cerasi from North America and Europe, generating Diagnostic Sensitivity estimates of 98.4–99.5%. Likewise, the tests had relatively high estimates of Diagnostic Specificity (97.8–100%) when tested against Rhagoletis Loew species present in North America that also use cherry as a developmental host.
Sandwich freezing device for rapid freezing of viruses, bacteria, yeast, cultured cells and animal and human tissues in electron microscopy
Authors: Yamaguchi Masashi , Taguchi Masaki , Uematsu Katsuyuki , Takahashi-Nakaguchi Azusa , Sato-Okamoto Michiyo , Chibana Hiroji 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We have been using sandwich freezing of living yeast and bacteria followed by freeze-substitution for observing close-to-native ultrastructure of cells. Recently, sandwich freezing of glutaraldehyde-fixed cultured cells and human tissues have been found to give excellent preservation of ultrastructure of cells and tissues. These studies, however, have been conducted using a handmade sandwich freezing device and have been limited in a few laboratories. To spread the use of this method to other laboratories, we fabricated and commercialized a new sandwich freezing device. The new device is inexpensive, portable and sterilizable. It can be used to rapid-freeze viruses, bacteria, yeast, cultured cells and animal and human tissues to a depth of 0.2 mm if tissues are prefixed with glutaraldehyde. The commercial availability of this device will expand application of rapid freezing to wide range of biological materials.