bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the progressive walking-to-running technique on gait kinematics, ultrasound imaging, and motor function in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy – an experimenter-blind case study
Authors: Lee Nam Gi , Jeong Su Ji , You Joshua (Sung) Hyun , Cho Kang Hee , Lee Tae Heon 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the progressive walking-to-running technique (PWRT) in a child with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Design: A single case study with pre-/post-test. Subject: An 11-year-old male, diagnosed with spastic diplegic CP. Methods: The PWRT was provided for 60 minutes a day, 2 times a week for 12 weeks. Gross motor function tests, ultrasound imaging, hand-held dynamometer, and the Vicon motion capture system were used to determine motor function, muscle size and strength, and gait kinematics. Results: Gross motor function was improved after the intervention. The size of right and left rectus femoris and tibialis anterior muscles in their contracted states were enhanced by 1.36, 5.09, 83.74, and 54.37%, respectively. Associated muscle strength was also increased by 58.8, 30.8, 28.0, and 118.2% in both rectus femoris and tibialis anterior muscles. Left stride length, walking speed, maximal flexion-extension angular excursion of the hip joint were enhanced by 95.7, 87.8, and 100.4% after PWRT, respectively. Conclusions: Our novel walking-running training paradigm was effective for restoring gait and running ability in a child with spastic diplegic CP.
Endurance exercise training protects against the upregulation of nitric oxide in the striatum of MPTP/probenecid mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Al-Jarrah Muhammed , Obaidat Heyam , Bataineh Ziad , Walton Lori , Al-Khateeb Ahed 
Published: December 2019

Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, caused by the gradual loss of cells in substantia nigra. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in a variety of signal transduction pathways that are crucial for maintaining the physiologic functions of nervous system. The aims of this study are: 1) To investigate the expression of the inducible form of NO (iNOS), and compare it to neuronal nitric oxide (nNOS) in the brain of a chronic mouse model of PD and 2) To study the effect of endurance exercise training on the expression of these markers. Method: Mouse models of PD were obtained using 10 doses of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) (25 mg/kg) and probenecid (250 mg/kg) over 5 weeks. Forty C57BL /6 albino mice were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary control (SC, N = 10), exercise control (EC, N = 10), sedentary PD (SPD, N = 10), exercise PD (EPD, N = 10). At the end of training program, nNOS and iNOS were evaluated in the striatum in all animal groups using immunohistochemistry. Results: nNOS showed significant increases in striatum (ST) of SPD mice compared to SC mice ( P > 0.03). There was also decreased expression of nNOS in EC group compared to SC mice, but this decrease was not significant ( P > 0.8). Exercise training significantly decreased the level of nNOS in the EPD compared to SPD, ( P > 0.04). Although, iNOS expression followed almost the same trend as nNOS, but exercise training did not significantly decrease the expression of iNOS in both EC and EPD groups, P > 0.2 and 0.3 respectively. Discussion: The data from this study suggests that 4 weeks of treadmill exercise has a positive impact on the expression of nNOS and iNOS in the striatum of a PD model. This might clear in part the pathogenicity of the diseases and the positive impact of training on PD.
Critical-Illness-Polyneuropathy as sequelae of severe neurological illness: Incidence and impact on ventilator therapy and rehabilitation
Authors: Schorl Martin , Valerius-Kukula Seung Ja , Kemmer Thomas P. 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Critical-Illness-Polyneuropathy (CIP) is common in critically ill patients. In contrast to CIP arousing from primary non-neurological causes, studies dealing with CIP following a primary neurological illness are rare. This mono-center, retrospective study was performed to examine a) the incidence of CIP in patients after severe neurological illnesses and b) the impact on ventilator therapy. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients, admitted for early (post-acute) neurological rehabilitation following severe neurological diseases between 01.01.2006 and 31.12.2010. Patients routinely underwent standard electrophysiological evaluation (nerve conduction studies of 8 motor and 6 sensory nerves; needle electromyography of 6 muscles). Diagnosis of CIP required a) pathological spontaneous activity in at least two muscles and b) reduced compound muscle activity potentials (CMAP) in at least two motor nerves of different extremities. Results: CIP was diagnosed in 430 of 623 patients (69.0%). Patients with proven CIP required significantly ( p < 0.001) longer ventilator therapy (33.1 days) in contrast to patients without CIP (21.5 days). Conclusion: CIP is common in patients suffering from primary severe neurological diseases. Due to CIP, duration of ventilator therapy is significantly prolonged. In patients with severe neurological diseases electrophysiology is crucial to establish the correct diagnosis.
Psychometric properties of the German version of the health-related quality of life in stroke patients (HRQOLISP) instrument
Authors: Owolabi Mayowa Ojo 
Published: December 2019

Objective: There is lack of a German-language holistic stroke-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measure with therapeutically-oriented domains. The objective of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the HRQOL in stroke patients (HRQOLISP) questionnaire in German stroke survivors. Methods: Following standard procedure for cross-cultural validation, the HRQOLISP was translated into German. It was completed by 103 German stroke patients and 50 apparently healthy controls. Acceptance, ceiling and floor effects, reliability, as well as content, construct, factorial and known-group's validity were analysed. Stratification was according to modified Rankin, stroke levity and National Institute of Health stroke scales. Results: The HRQOLISP was acceptable and holistic with neither ceiling nor floor effect. One-factor solution explained >40% of the variance for most domains. Two-factor solution explained 82% of the variance for the global HRQOL consistent with the conceptual framework distributing the therapeutically-oriented domains into two spheres. Cronbach's α ranged from 0.77 to 0.92 for the domains. The HRQOLISP, though lengthy, covered the entire spectrum of stroke-related HRQOL with no additional item suggested by the German stroke patients. The HRQOLISP demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity as well as excellent ‘known groups’ validity across disability and stroke severity strata. Conclusions: The German version of the HRQOLISP is the first holistic, stroke-specific HRQOLISP measures with therapeutically-oriented domains to be validated in Germany. It is acceptable, reliable and valid but needs to be validated in proxies to facilitate its utility among stroke patients with severe communication problems.
Social behaviour following severe traumatic brain injury: Contribution of emotion perception deficits
Authors: Saxton Melissa E. , Younan Shameran Slewa , Lah Suncica 
Published: December 2019

Objective: This theoretically driven study aimed to determine contribution of emotional perception impairments to social behaviour following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Adults with severe TBI (n = 24) participated. Emotion perception predictors included: (i) appraisal: Montreal Set of Facial Displays of Emotion, The Adapted Story Task, (ii) affective state: Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and (iii) regulation: Delis Kaplan Executive Function System - Colour Word Interference and Word Fluency. Social behavioural outcomes were (i) interpersonal: Key Behaviors Change Inventory (KBCI) - Interpersonal Difficulties and (ii) communication: KBCI - Communication Problems. Results: Social behaviours correlated with affective state, but not appraisal or regulation. Simultaneous regression analyses revealed significant independent contributions of affective state: (i) the IRI Perspective Taking to the KBCI Interpersonal Difficulties and (ii) the DASS-21 (composite) and IRI Perspective Taking to the KBCI Communication Problems. The models explained 52% and 72% of the variance of the KBCI Interpersonal Difficulties and Communication Problems respectively. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that impairments in certain aspects of emotion perception: affective state [empathy (perspective taking) and mood], but not appraisal and regulation, contribute to social behaviour difficulties in patients with severe TBI, which has important implications for rehabilitation.
Benefits of inpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Salhofer-Polanyi Sabine , Windt Judith , Sumper Harald , Grill Hermine , Essmeister Maria , Diermayr Gudrun , Zebenholzer Karin , Leutmezer Fritz , Zulehner Gudrun , Vass Karl , Asenbaum-Nan Susanne 
Published: December 2019

Background: Rehabilitation is often recommended to MS-patients but data on its efficacy is limited. Objective: To evaluate the benefit of inpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation. Methods: A rater-blinded, randomized, waiting list controlled exploratory study. 19 participants completed the study with ten allocated to the intervention and nine to the waiting list group. Assessment of outcome-parameters was done at baseline and after 3 months. Time Walking Tests (TWTs) and 9 Hole Peg Test were used to objectively assess the level of activity, Functional-Assessment-in-MS and MS-Self Efficacy-Scale to assess participation and quality of life and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) to assess bodily function. Additionally Rivermead Mobility Index, Berg Balance Scale, Tinetti-Test, MS-Functional Composite and a rater-blinded evaluation of a video-analysis on walking performance was done. Results: Mean change scores of Timed 50 meter Walk (p = 0.014), walking speed (p = 0.034), 2- (p = 0.204) and 6-Minute Walk (p = 0.027) indicated an improvement favoring inpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation. We could not demonstrate a benefit for upper limb function and some improvement was seen in other outcome-parameters without reaching statistical significance. EDSS remained unchanged. Conclusion: Inpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation is effective in MS patients with positive impact on the level of activity as measured by TWTs covering both short and long distance ambulation.
The effects of pilates on balance, mobility and strength in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Guclu-Gunduz Arzu , Citaker Seyit , Irkec Ceyla , Nazliel Bijen , Batur-Caglayan Hale Zeynep 
Published: December 2019

Background: Although there are evidences as to Pilates developing dynamic balance, muscle strength and flexibility in healthy people, evidences related to its effects on Multiple Sclerosis patients are insufficient. Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of Pilates on balance, mobility, and strength in ambulatory patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Methods: Twenty six patients were divided into two groups as experimental (n = 18) and control (n = 8) groups for an 8-week treatment program. The experimental group underwent Pilates and the control group did abdominal breathing and active extremity exercises at home. Balance and mobility were measured with Berg Balance Scale and Timed up and go test, upper and lower muscle strength with hand-held dynamometer. Confidence in balance skills while performing daily activities was evaluated with Activities Specific Balance Confidence Scale. Results: Improvements were observed in balance, mobility, and upper and lower extremity muscle strength in the Pilates group (p < 0.05). No significant differences in any outcome measures were observed in the control group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Due to its structure which is made up of balance and strengthening exercises, Pilates training may develop balance, mobility and muscle strength of MS patients. For this reason, we think that, Pilates exercises which are appropriate for the disability level of the patient may be suggested.
Relationship between lower extremity isometric muscle strength and standing balance in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Citaker Seyit , Guclu-Gunduz Arzu , Yazici Gokhan , Bayraktar Deniz , Nazliel Bijen , Irkec Ceyla 
Published: December 2019

Background: Muscle strength and standing balance decrease in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the lower extremity isometric muscle strength and standing balance in patients with MS. Methods: Forty-seven patients with MS and 10 healthy volunteers were included. Neurological disability level was assessed using Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Isometric strength of seven lower extremity muscles (hip flexor-extensor-abductor-adductor, knee flexor-extensor, and ankle dorsal flexor) was assessed using hand-held dynamometer. Duration of static one-leg standing balance was measured using digital chronometer. Results: Hip flexor-extensor-abductor-adductor, knee flexor-extensor, and ankle dorsal flexor isometric muscle strength, and duration of one-leg standing balance were decreased in patients with MS when compared with controls (p < 0.05). All assessed lower extremity isometric muscle strength and EDSS level was related duration of one-leg standing balance in patients with MS. All assessed lower extremity isometric muscle strength (except ankle dorsal flexor) was related with EDSS. Conclusions: Hip flexor-extensor-abductor-adductor, knee flexor-extensor, and ankle dorsal flexor isometric muscle strength decreases in ambulatory MS patients. Lower extremity muscle weakness and neurological disability level are related with imbalance in MS population. Hip and knee region muscles weakness increases the neurological disability level. For the better balance and decrease neurological disability level whole lower extremity muscle strengthening should be included in rehabilitation programs.
Effects of robotic treadmill training on functional mobility, walking capacity, motor symptoms and quality of life in ambulatory patients with Parkinson's disease: A preliminary prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Paker Nurdan , Bugdayci Derya , Goksenoglu Goksen , Sen Aysu , Kesiktas Nur 
Published: December 2019

Background: Decreased mobility and walking capacity occur frequently in Parkinson's disease (PD). Robotic treadmill training is a novel method to improve the walking capacity in rehabilitation. Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of robotic treadmill training on functional mobility and walking capacity in PD. Secondly, we aimed to assess the effects of the robotic treadmill training the motor symptoms and quality of life in patients with PD. Methods: Seventy patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease who admitted to the outpatient clinic of the rehabilitation hospital were screened and 12 ambulatory volenteers who met the study criteria were included in this study. Patients were evaluated by Hoehn Yahr (HY) scale clinically. Two sessions robotic treadmill training per week during 5 weeks was planned for every patient. Patients were evaluated by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, 10 meter walking test (10 MWT), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor section and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) at the baseline, at the 5 and 12 weeks. Cognitive and emotional states of the patients were assessed by Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) test and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at the baseline. All patients were under medical treatment for the PD in this study and drug treatment was not changed during the study. Results: Ten patients completed the study. The mean age was 65.6 ± 6.6 years. Five patients (50%) were women. Disease severity was between the HY stage 1–3. Two patients did not continue the robotic treadmill training after 7 sessions. They also did not want to come for control visits. TUG test, 10 MWT and UPDRS motor subscale scores showed statistically significant improvement after robotic treadmill training (p = 0.02, p = 0.001, p = 0.016). PDQ-39 scores improved significantly after robotic treadmill training (p = 0.03), however, the scores turned back to the baseline level at the 12. week control. Conclusion: As a result of this preliminary study, robotic treadmill training was useful to improve the functional mobility, walking capacity and motor symptoms in mild to moderate PD. Robotic treadmill training provided a transient improvement in the quality of life during the treatment.
Lower urinary tract dysfunction in critical illness polyneuropathy
Authors: Reitz André 
Published: December 2019

Background: Critical illness polyneuropathy is a frequent complication of critical illness in intensive care units. Reports on autonomic systems like lower urinary tract and bowel functions in patients with CIP are not available in medical literature. Objective: This study performed during primary rehabilitation of patients with critical illness polyneuropathy explores if sensory and motor pathways controlling the lower urinary tract function are affected from the disease. Methods: Neurourological examinations, urodynamics, electromyography and lower urinary tract imaging were performed in 28 patients with critical illness polyneuropathy. Discussion: Sacral sensation was impaired in 1 patient (4%). Sacral reflexes were absent in 8 patients (30%). Anal sphincter resting tone was reduced in 3 (12%), anal sphincter voluntary contraction was absent or reduced in 8 patients (30%). Urodynamic findings were detrusor overactivity and detrusor overactivity incontinence in 9 (37.5%), incomplete voiding in 8 (30%), abnormal sphincter activity in 4 (16%), abnormal bladder sensation in 4 (16%) and detrusor acontractility in 2 patients (8.3%). Morphological abnormalities of the lower urinary tract had 10 patients (41.6%). Conclusion: Sensory and motor pathways controlling the lower urinary tract might be affected from CIP. During urodynamics dysfunctions of the storage as well as the voiding phase were found. Morphological lower urinary tract abnormalities were common.
Neuropsychological and neuroanatomical sequelae of chronic non-malignant pain and opioid analgesia
Authors: Block Cady , Cianfrini Leanne 
Published: December 2019

Background: The pervasive disease of chronic pain is a common challenge for the clinical rehabilitation professional. Concurrent with physical and emotional symptoms, pain-related cognitive impairment has been reported. Although opioid analgesics are frequently prescribed, concern exists that opioids possess adverse cognitive effects of their own. Objectives: To review the neuropsychological and neuroanatomical sequelae of chronic non-malignant pain and opioid therapy, to clarify roles and benefits of neuropsychological assessment in a chronic pain population, and to provide recommendations for clinical practice and future research. Methods: This non-systematic review sought to provide a comprehensive synthesis of relevant neurobiology, neuroimaging, neuropsychological, and rehabilitation research literatures. We included citations from seminal and current texts as well as relevant original and review articles from 1980–2012 in PubMed and PubMedCentral online research databases. Discussion and summary/conclusions: To date, evidence from opioid studies suggests only mild deficits in specific cognitive domains (e.g., memory, attention/concentration) and only under specific conditions (e.g., dose escalations). Additionally, neuroimaging and neuropsychological evidence suggests that pain itself results in cognitive sequelae. Methodological improvements in future research will allow for better delineation of the contributing effects of pain and opioids, with an overall goal of improving evidence-based clinical treatment recommendations.
The effect of protein and calorie intake on prealbumin, complications, length of stay, and function in the acute rehabilitation inpatient with stroke
Authors: Pellicane Anthony J. , Millis Scott R. , Barker Kim D.D. , Temme Kate E. , Sayyad Anjum , Oswald Matthew C. , Roth Elliot J. 
Published: December 2019

Background: Nutrition's impact on stroke rehabilitation outcomes is controversial. Existing studies utilize albumin without correcting for inflammation in nutritional assessments. Here, prealbumin was used and inflammation assessed to determine if nutrition impacts rehabilitation outcomes. Objective: Determine the effect of dietary intake on prealbumin level, number of complications, length of stay, and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) efficiency in rehabilitation stroke inpatients. Methods: Patients had admission and discharge prealbumin and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels drawn; and, weekly protein and calorie counts obtained. Patients were followed for number of complications, length of stay, and FIM efficiency. Results: Mean protein and calorie intake was 57.6 ± 16.2 g/d and 1452.2 ± 435.8 kcal/d, respectively. 77.6% of patients had normal prealbumin on admission with 94.9% on discharge. Prealbumin increased significantly from admission to discharge (22.3 ± 6.2 mg/dL vs. 24.6 mg/dL ± 5.1 mg/dL, P = 0.007). Number of complications and length of stay were predicted by CRP in regression models. Total, motor, and cognitive FIM efficiencies were not universally affected by prealbumin levels, protein intake, or calorie intake. Conclusions: Nearly all hypoprealbuminemic stroke rehabilitation inpatients correct their levels eating a non-supplemented diet. Number of complications, length of stay, and functional outcomes in this patient are not affected by prealbumin levels, protein intake, or calorie intake.
Effect of continuing repeated passive and active exercises on knee's position senses in patients with hemiplegia
Authors: Kwon Oh Sung , Lee Seung Won 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To determine the repeated passive movement (RPM) and repeated active movement (RAM) exercise on position sense of the knee joint in patients with hemiplegia. Methods: 45 hemiplegia patients were randomly allocated to either the control group(no exercise), RPM group, or RAM group, with 15 subjects in each group. The exercise was repeated 60 times on the angle 10 to 100 degrees of the knee joint with an angle speed of 120°/s, with three sets for 15 minutes. Evaluation was performed using Passive Angle Repositioning (PAR) and Active Angle Repositioning (AAR). Results: Error of positioning sense showed a decrease in PAR and AAR in the RPM group (p < 0.01) and an increase in AAR was observed in the RAM group (p < 0.05). In comparison of knee joint position sense error value and rate of change among the three groups, the RPM group is decreased mostly in PAR and AAR (p < 0.01), and Error value (p < 0.05) and rate of change (p < 0.01) of the RAM group showed a greater increase in AAR than the control group. Conclusion: RAM exercise can support an increase in proprioception on the knee joint of hemiplegia; however, RAM exercise that causes fatigue can decrease proprioception.