bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A localized weighted ensemble Kalman filter for high‐dimensional systems
Authors: Chen Yan , Zhang Weimin , Zhu Mengbin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo avoid filter collapse, a new localized weighted ensemble Kalman filter (LWEnKF) is presented. This filter is a nonlinear non‐Gaussian filter that combines some of the advantages of the particle filter (PF) and of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). Additionally, the new method can overcome filter degeneracy in high‐dimensional system applications. Based on the weighted ensemble Kalman filter (WEnKF), we extend the scalar weight of each particle to a vector and limit the influence of distant observations through a localization function. According to the results of experiments using the Lorenz ‘96 model with 40 variables, the LWEnKF with only 10 particles can prevent filter degeneracy. In addition, tests of the new filter are also performed using a two‐layer quasi‐geostrophic model to demonstrate the feasibility of using the new method in high‐dimensional numerical weather prediction models. Comparisons among the LWEnKF, the local particle filter (LPF) and the localized perturbed observation EnKF (LEnKF) reveal that the proposed method can combine the advantages of the latter two in certain aspects, even providing better performance in some situations. This characteristic of the LWEnKF indicates its potential for data assimilation of different types of observations. Moreover, the new filter is compared to the block‐local ensemble Kalman particle filter (LEnKPF). Experiments showed that the LWEnKF has an obvious advantage over the LEnKPF when the number of particles is small, which indicates its potential for realistic applications limited by computing resources.
Leader‐following consensus with disturbance rejection for uncertain Euler‐Lagrange systems over switching networks
Authors: Liu Tao , Huang Jie 
Published: October 2019

SummaryIn this paper, the leader‐following consensus with disturbance rejection problem of uncertain Euler‐Lagrange systems is studied by the adaptive distributed observer approach. We first present a key lemma that guarantees the existence of an exponentially convergent adaptive distributed observer for linear leader systems without exponential growing modes over jointly connected switching and directed communication networks. This lemma also provides a specific Lyapunov function for the error dynamics of the adaptive distributed observer, which will play a crucial role in establishing one of the main results. A special case of this result where there is no disturbance will extend the existing result for a neutrally stable leader system and undirected communication networks to the case where the communication networks are directed and the leader's positional signal includes the class of ramp signals. Two examples will be given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new results.
Input‐to‐state stability of switched nonlinear systems with delay in the active mode detection
Authors: Motchon K.M.D. , Etienne L. , Lecoeuche S. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryA switched nonlinear system subject to disturbances is considered in this paper. The switching signal admits an average dwell time and a state feedback control depending on the system operating modes, detected with a maximum time delay, is applied to the system. In this framework, the input‐to‐state stability problem of the closed‐loop system is addressed. Based on some established existence conditions of mode‐dependent Lyapunov‐like functions, the values of the maximum time delay and the average dwell time that allow to achieve the input‐to‐state stability of the closed‐loop system are determined. In order to obtain more tractable results, the existence conditions of the mode‐dependent Lyapunov‐like functions are given in terms of sum‐of‐squares programming in the case of polynomial nonlinearities. In the linear case, they are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities and a procedure for the synthesis of the mode‐dependent controller is provided in this situation. The established theoretical results are illustrated through a control problem of a building ventilation system and a switched control problem of a vehicle suspension system.
An Easy Access to 4‐Trifluoromethylated 7‐(4‐Substitued‐1H‐1,2,3‐Triazol‐1‐yl)Pyrimido[1,2‐b]Pyridazin‐2‐One Systems
Authors: Kawtharani Ranin , Cherry Khalil , Elmasri Mirvat , Abarbri Mohamed 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEfficient synthesis of 7‐(1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)‐4‐trifluoromethyl‐2H‐pyrimido[1,2‐b]pyridazin‐2‐ones from 7‐chloro‐4‐trifluoromethylpyrimido[1,2‐b]pyridazin‐2‐one by a consecutive SNAr reaction with azide, followed by copper‐catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition is described.
Central Composite Design To Optimize The Degradation Of Methylene Blue By Fenton Process
Authors: Saidi Fatima Zahra , Mokhtari Malika 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMethylene blue (MB) is a cationic dye widely used in medicine as an antiseptic, also in other fields such as biology, chemistry, textile industry…etc. This pollutant exists in nature as the result of the fluid which is released from industries that can directly affect both the living organisms and the environment. This study consists of eliminating methylene blue by Fenton process under the influence of three parameters (pH,[FeII] and ratio R). The degradation of this substance was followed by a modeling of this process using statgraphics‐plus software. The best result was obtained by the central composite design (CCD) 2*3+star on three‐level ( low, medium, high) of which coefficient of correlation R2 equal to 0.96, and the optimal conditions found are pH= 2.9, R=23.6 and [FeII]=1.5.10−4 M, with a yield of elimination of MB of 100% after a 30 min of treatment. This optimization minimizes the number of experiments and the time of research.
Facile Synthesis of NaYF4:Yb,Tm@TiO2 Core‐Shell Structured Composite with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity for Degradation of RhB Dye
Authors: Pan Yusong , Feng Pengpeng , Yin Minyuan , Fang Hongjun , Pan Chengling 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIt is an effective method to explore the full spectrum responsive photocatalysts for enhancing their photocatalytic activity. Herein, we have combined the upconversion phosphor with semiconductor to design the full‐spectrum light responsive photocatalyst. A facile approach has been developed for synthesis of NaYF4:Yb,Tm@TiO2 core‐shell structured composite. The morphologies, crystal phases, chemical compositions, optical performance, and photoelectric properties were characterized. Based on SEM and TEM observation, the formation mechanism of NaYF4:Yb,Tm@TiO2 composite was discussed in detail. The results of photodegradation experiment showed that 22% of Rhodamine B dye in the solution was photodegradated by NaYF4:Yb,Tm@TiO2 composite under NIR light irradiation within 150 min, suggesting that the NaYF4:Yb,Tm@TiO2 core‐shell structured composite displayed photocatalytic activity under NIR light irradiation. Furthermore, the photocatalytic ability of NaYF4:Yb,Tm@TiO2 is obvious superior to that of TiO2 under the full‐spectrum light irradiation.
Synergetic Effect of Perfluorooctanoic Acid on the Preparation of Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): Lignosulfonate Aqueous Dispersions with High Film Conductivity
Authors: Li Yuda , Lou Hongming , Wang Feng , Pang Yuxia , Qiu Xueqing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDeveloping poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) conducting polymers (CPs) aqueous dispersions with high film conductivity is an attractive task in scientific and industrial communities. Herein, we proposed to apply small molecular perfluorooctanoic acid (PFA) as assistant dopant to cooperate with major polymeric dopant of lignosulfonate (LGS) to prepare PEDOT aqueous dispersions together. Through optimizing the usage amount of PFA, a high film conductivity of 0.1255 S⋅cm−1 was obtained. In contrast, the film conductivity of the CP prepared without PFA was only 0.0228 S⋅cm−1. By lucubrating the structure of CPs, we found that PFA is capable of promoting the polymerization, doping and aggregation of PEDOT in the preparation process of PEDOT:LGS CP and the conductivity enhancement can be attributed to the enhancement of molecular weight, doping degree and aggregation of PEDOT. Moreover, the other physical‐chemical properties of PEDOT:LGS CPs including transmittance, work function and waterproofness were not obviously affected by PFA. This facile strategy based on physical mixing of small molecular and polymeric dopants may opens up a new window for the preparation of high performance CPs aqueous dispersions.
Cu‐NHC‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Silyl addition to Indol‐1‐ylacrylate Derivatives
Authors: Shen Jun‐Jian , Gao Qian , Wang Guangzhu , Tong Min , Chen Lili , Xu Senmiao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCu‐catalyzed enantioseletive conjugate addition of a dimethylphenylsilyl group to indol‐1‐ylacrylate derivatives was established using N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) as the ligands. The reaction was efficient for a wide range of indole derivatives bearing eletron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing group, and proceeded under mild condition. Good levels of enantioselectivity were also observed for diverse carbonyl derivatives.
A highly secured and streamlined cloud collaborative editing scheme along with an efficient user revocation in cloud computing
Authors: Eswara Narayanan Munisamy , Muthukumar Balasundaram 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThese days with the expanded fame of cloud computing, the interest for cloud‐based collaborative editing service is rising. The encryption method is utilized to ensure and secure the data, during the collaborative editing process. In the encryption process, the cloud requires more time to work the collaborative editing. This paper proposes an efficient scheme for reducing the encryption burden over the cooperative users, as the possibilities of cooperative users read and write data by means of any gadget. In the proposed scheme, the encrypted file sent by the data owner is split into smaller segments and stored in the cloud by the cloud service provider (CSP) along with specific tags. Once the cooperative user receives and decrypts the file from the CSP, it modifies and encrypts only the modified segment and resends to the CSP. The CSP after verifying the signature replace the original file segment in the cloud with the modified segment based on the tag information. The scheme that is put forward is performed based on the modified ciphertext‐policy hierarchical attribute–based encryption, and the security process is done based on the attribute‐based signature schemes. This work employs a proficient attribute updating method to accomplish the dynamic change of users' attributes, consisting granting new attributes, revoking previous attributes, and regranting formerly revoked attributes. A writer's attributes and keys have been revoked, and the stale information cannot be written.
Der Mechanismus der Retrogradation von Amylose
Authors: Holló J. , Szejtli J. , Gantner G. S. 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Mechanismus der Retrogradation von Amylose geht in drei Stufen vor sich:

Die Ketten strecken sich,
sie verlieren ihre Hydratwasserhülle und ordnen sich nacheinander von selbst,
zwischen den Hydroxylgruppen der Amylose entstehen Wasserstoffbindungen und es bildet sich eine kristalline Struktur.
Neuere Beiträge zur Chemie der Stärkefraktionen. VIII Vergleich der Jodsorptions‐Meßmethoden
Authors: Holló J. , László E. , Szejtli J. , Mándi A. 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen unserer Versuche wurde festgestellt, daß zur Messung der Jodsorption kein langwieriges alkalisches Lösen erforderlich ist, da sich die Stärke‐Jodsorption nach 15minutigem Sieden in Wasser praktisch nicht mehr ändert.Das Jod‐Stärke‐Gleichgewicht ändert sich nach 3 Minuten praktisch kaum noch, so daß für Messungen von wissenschaftlicher Genauigkeit diese Zeit und für industrielle Kontrollversuche eine Wartezeit von einer Minute zwischen dem Zusatz der einzelnen Meßlösungsanteile ausreicht. Werden die Meßlösungsanteile in diesen Zeitabständen zugesetzt, so soll die Menge der einzelnen Anteile bei Anwendung von 0,01 n‐J2‐Lösung 0,20–0,25 ml betragen. Es ist auch von Bedeutung, daß bei Serienuntersuchungen die Konzentration der Meßlösungen innerhalb einer Serie nicht verändert wird, wobei die günstigste Normalität 0,01 ist.Es wurde ferner festgestellt, daß auch beim Titrieren von Amylose und Stärke stets gleiche Mengen eingewogen werden müssen, da die verminderte Oberflächensorption des aus der konzentrierten Lösung ausgefällten Jod‐Amylose‐Komplexes die Jodsorption vermindert.Das Volumen der titrierten Lösung beeinflußt — innerhalb gewisser Grenzen — das Endresultat nicht. Die übertitrierten Lösungen können bei der amperometrischen Titration durch Auskochen, durch Ausfällen mit Alkohol und durch Zurücktitrieren mit Na2S2O3 zu erneuter Titration geeignet gemacht werden. Bei der potentiometrischen Titration können allerdings nur die zwei erstgenannten Verfahren angewendet werden.Die potentiometrische Titration ergibt infolge der verhältnismäßig hohen KJ‐Konzentration der Lösung stets eine geringere Jodsorption als die amperometrische Titration.Die genaueste Bestimmungsmethode der Jodsorption ist die amperometrische, weniger genau ist die potentiometrische, während die photometrische Methode die ungenauesten Resultate liefert.
The Action Patterns of α‐Amylases
Authors: Whelan W. J. 
Published: October 2019

Summary

The actions of five α‐amylases on amylose, amylopectin and glycogen are described. These are the α‐amylases of human saliva, pig pancreas, barley malt, Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus subtilis.
All these α‐amylases fragment amylose by hydrolysis, the end products being maltose and glucose. Two stages occur in the salivary α‐amylolysis of amylose. The first stage is a rapid hydrolysis to maltose and maltotriose, while in the second stage the latter sugar is slowly hydrolysed to maltose and glucose. Pig‐pancreatic and A. oryzae α‐amylases seem to be similar in their actions to salivary α‐amylase. The retardation of reaction rate in the α‐amylolysis of amylose by malt and B. subtilis α‐amylases occurs at an earlier stage of hydrolysis because of the low affinity of these two enzymes for maltodextrins containing less than about 7 glucose units.
Two stages are again apparent in the hydrolysis of amylopectin and glycogen by salivary α‐amylase. As well as the sugars also formed from amylose there are present α‐limit dextrins containing the α‐1:6‐branch linkages of the polysaccharides as well as α‐1:4‐linkages. Some of these dextrins are further hydrolysed in the second stage of the reaction. It is apparent that certain α‐1:4‐bonds in the vicinity of the branch point are resistant to amylolysis. Pig‐pancreatic and A. oryzae α‐amylases form the same second‐stage α‐limit dextrins, the smallest of which is a tetrasaccharide. Malt α‐amylase gives a trisaccharide, panose, as the smallest such dextrin, while B. subtilis α‐amylase forms a pentasaccharide.
A hypothesis is put forward to explain the formation of the α‐limit dextrins by salivary α‐amylase.
Organic Pellet Decomposition Induces Mortality of Lake Trout Embryos in Yellowstone Lake
Authors: Koel Todd M. , Thomas Nathan A. , Guy Christopher S. , Doepke Philip D. , MacDonald Drew J. , Poole Alex S. , Sealey Wendy M. , Zale Alexander V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractYellowstone Lake is the site of actions to suppress invasive Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush and restore native Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri and natural ecosystem function. Although gill netting is effective (Lake Trout λ ≤ 0.6 from 2012 through 2018), the effort costs more than US$2 million annually and only targets Lake Trout age 2 and older. To increase suppression efficiency, we developed an alternative method using organic (soy and wheat) pellets to increase mortality of Lake Trout embryos on spawning sites. Decomposition of pellets during two in situ experiments caused dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations to temporarily decline to lethal levels (<3.4 mg/L) within days of application. Embryo mortalities during the first exposure period (days 1–6 following application) were high at all treatment levels (1.75–28.0 kg/m2) at the substrate surface and within interstices 20 cm below the surface, varying from 97 ± 1.8% (mean ± SE) to 100 ± 0.0%, but may have been enhanced by a handling effect (exposure to sunlight). Embryo mortalities during the second exposure period (days 11–22) were highest 20 cm below the surface, varying from 78 ± 9.7% to 100 ± 0.0%. Almost all (98 ± 3.1%) Lake Trout embryos died after exposure to DO < 3.4 mg/L for >200 h during the second period. Pellets caused lethal DO for several weeks below the substrate surface, despite largely dissolving and dissipating from the surface of treated areas by day 39. Broad‐scale application of pellets at 1.75 kg/m2 following the spawning period in autumn may reduce Lake Trout recruitment and enhance population suppression because the area of 14 verified spawning sites is only 11.4 ha (0.03% of lake surface area). Pellet application may be useful in other similar systems as part of an integrated pest management approach targeting multiple life stages of invasive freshwater fish.
Energy Politics in the Public Sphere: Frames, Values, and Symbolic Power
Authors: Hess David J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe study examines the relationship between energy policy and values that appears in social movement mobilizations with respect to energy in the United States. As the social movement mobilizations include persons and groups located in disadvantaged or subordinate positions of the social structure, the analysis of social movements and values can bring out the linkages between structural inequality and values. Three policy fields are discussed: net metering, smart meters, and green economic development. Both challengers and incumbents link their strategic frames to broader cultural values to gain credibility in the public sphere. Both types of coalitions generally reference a similar group of widely shared values that are associated with institutional logics, but they engage in different strategies to make credible the linkages between their positions and the general values and to question the linkages posed by the frames of opponents. The study maps out the broad value categories that appear in the framing contests, develops a typology of counterframing strategies, and explores cross-cultural applicability and limitations.
A Right Way, Wrong Way and Better Way for Energy Engineers to Work with Aboriginal Communities
Authors: Duff Andrea , Hanchant-Nichols Deanne , Bown Brad , Gamage Sithara H. P. W. , Nixon Bronte , Nisi Petra , Boase Jayne , Smith Elizabeth 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAboriginal Australians have an intrinsic relationship to Country, kinship and community. The processes related to colonisation have decimated traditional lifestyles, ecology and even families. The challenge for energy engineers lies in the ability to reconcile the profession of engineering with the contemporary and traditional cultural and physical needs of Aboriginal people. A discussion around Aboriginal peoples’ most deeply held values will be linked to both global and professional ethical canons. This discussion has implications for Aboriginal and Indigenous peoples globally. A fictitious case study—the ‘Warrigal Downs Energy Hub’—provides us with a hypothetical project to which we can link both examples and frameworks. Our team of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal educators and engineers provides us with a right, wrong and even better way to work sensitively, meaningfully and reciprocally with Aboriginal people in Australia and, indeed, globally.
Energy Justice, Hydropower and Grid Systems in the Global South
Authors: Kruger Ruth , McCauley Darren 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGrid systems are key focal points for energy debates in the Global South. Off- and on-grid realities, with a plethora of microgrid systems in between, exist simultaneously with differing under-explored consequences for rights, responsibilities, opportunities and constraints. We argue that a conceptualisation around macro- and micro-levels of justice helps to elucidate this complexity. A comparative philosophical approach ensues through a spatial exploration of justice in relation to the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the grid systems derived from hydropower. Original qualitative data is presented, analysed and reflected upon with concluding insights into conducting energy justice in the Global South.
The Impacts of Policy on Energy Justice in Developing Countries
Authors: Tucho Gudina Terefe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAccess to modern energy is vital to societal wellbeing and to economic development. Still, the majority of rural households in developing countries do not have access to improved energy systems for basic household energy services. Many energy policies have been devised and several energy projects have been implemented to improve the access. However, many of these policies and energy projects were not successful due to the socioeconomic, cultural, resource and technical conditions present in particular contexts. Major barriers were attributed to the weak understanding of local contexts and societal needs. Nevertheless, some projects considering local social needs through innovative approaches were successful. Hence, improving access to improved energy technology needs to understand local contexts, linking to income generation activities and poverty alleviation and inclusion of women to benefit from the system. A bottom-up approach is sustainable to increase energy access while contributing to poverty alleviation and livelihood improvement.
Sociomaterial Solar Waste: Afterlives and Lives After of Small Solar
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Turner Britta 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe problem of solar waste from off-grid technologies is attracting increasing attention. This chapter argues that solar waste represents multiple matters of concern; it is a problem of pollution, resource, and social ruin all together. It suggests that while an energy justice framework is well suited to identify issues of distributional, procedural, and recognition justice in relation to solar waste—what we refer to as “afterlives”—there is a need to engage with postcolonial theories of ethics in order to better grapple with different kinds of social ruins solar waste may represent—what we refer to as ‘lives after’.
Sparse Robust Regression for Explaining Classifiers
Authors: Björklund Anton , Henelius Andreas , Oikarinen Emilia , Kallonen Kimmo , Puolamäki Kai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractReal-world datasets are often characterised by outliers, points far from the majority of the points, which might negatively influence modelling of the data. In data analysis it is hence important to use methods that are robust to outliers. In this paper we develop a robust regression method for finding the largest subset in the data that can be approximated using a sparse linear model to a given precision. We show that the problem is NP-hard and hard to approximate. We present an efficient algorithm, termedslise, to find solutions to the problem. Our method extends current state-of-the-art robust regression methods, especially in terms of scalability on large datasets. Furthermore, we show that our method can be used to yield interpretable explanations for individual decisions by opaque, black box, classifiers. Our approach solves shortcomings in other recent explanation methods by not requiring sampling of new data points and by being usable without modifications across various data domains. We demonstrate our method using both synthetic and real-world regression and classification problems.