bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of diabetes mellitus and hemoglobin A1c level on outcomes among Chinese patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Xiong Ran , He Liu , Du Xin , Dong Jian‐Zeng , Ma Chang‐Sheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of different glycemic control conditions on in‐hospital and long‐term outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is less well defined.HypothesisDiabetes mellitus (DM) with different admission hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (different glycemic control) could affect outcomes among Chinese patients hospitalized as ACS.MethodsWe categorized 8961 Chinese ACS patients into one of the following three groups: “no DM” (group 1, n = 3773; no DM history and admission HbA1c < 6.5%), “DM with optimal control”(group 2, n = 2241; DM with admission HbA1c < 7.0%), “DM with suboptimal control”(group 3, n = 2947; DM with admission HbA1c ≥ 7.0%). The primary outcome was in‐hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). 6098 patients were followed for a median of 3.85 years. Adjusted associations of these three groups with in‐hospital MACEs and long‐term mortality were determined.ResultsDM with suboptimal control (group 3) was associated with greater in‐hospital MACEs (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.17‐1.81, P = .001) than “no DM” (group 1). DM patients (group 2 and group 3) also had higher in‐hospital MACEs (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.16‐1.73, P = .001) than “no DM” patients (group 1). It showed no significantly different in‐hospital MACEs between optimal (group 2) and suboptimal (group 3) control group (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.84‐1.34, P = .63). Both optimal control (group 2) and suboptimal control (group 3) had a higher long‐term mortality (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.02‐1.56, P = .03; HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.16‐1.73, P = .001).ConclusionsACS patients with DM were associated with higher in‐hospital MACEs and long‐term mortality. Moreover, lower HbA1c level seems to have limited impact on cardiovascular events and long‐term mortality in this high‐risk population.
Second cancer risk after primary cancer treatment with three‐dimensional conformal, intensity‐modulated, or proton beam radiation therapy
Authors: Xiang Michael , Chang Daniel T. , Pollom Erqi L. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe comparative risks of a second cancer diagnosis are uncertain after primary cancer treatment with 3‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), or proton beam radiotherapy (PBRT).MethodsPediatric and adult patients with a first cancer diagnosis between 2004 and 2015 who received 3DCRT, IMRT, or PBRT were identified in the National Cancer Database from 9 tumor types: head and neck, gastrointestinal, gynecologic, lymphoma, lung, prostate, breast, bone/soft tissue, and brain/central nervous system. The diagnosis of second cancer was modeled using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age, follow‐up duration, radiotherapy (RT) dose, chemotherapy, sociodemographic variables, and other factors. Propensity score matching also was used to balance baseline characteristics.ResultsIn total, 450,373 patients were identified (33.5% received 3DCRT, 65.2% received IMRT, and 1.3% received PBRT) with median follow‐up of 5.1 years after RT completion and a cumulative follow‐up period of 2.54 million person‐years. Overall, the incidence of second cancer diagnosis was 1.55 per 100 patient‐years. In a comparison between IMRT versus 3DCRT, there was no overall difference in the risk of second cancer (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.00; 95% CI, 0.97‐1.02;P = .75). By comparison, PBRT had an overall lower risk of second cancer versus IMRT (adjusted OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.26‐0.36;P < .0001). Results within each tumor type generally were consistent in the pooled analyses and also were maintained in propensity score‐matched analyses.ConclusionsThe risk of a second cancer diagnosis was similar after IMRT versus 3DCRT, whereas PBRT was associated with a lower risk of second cancer risk. Future work is warranted to determine the cost‐effectiveness of PBRT and to identify the population best suited for this treatment.
Importance of quality‐of‐life priorities and preferences surrounding treatment decision making in patients with cancer and oncology clinicians
Authors: Williams Courtney P. , Miller‐Sonet Ellen , Nipp Ryan D. , Kamal Arif H. , Love Susan , Rocque Gabrielle B. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundShared decision‐making (SDM) occurs when a patient partners with their oncologist to integrate personal preferences and values into treatment decisions. A key component of SDM is the elicitation of patient preferences and values, yet little is known about how and when these are elicited, communicated, prioritized, and documented within clinical encounters.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study evaluated nationwide data collected by CancerCare to better understand current patterns of SDM between patients and their oncology clinicians. Patient surveys included questions about the importance of quality‐of‐life preferences and discussions regarding quality‐of‐life priorities with their clinicians. Clinician surveys included questions about the discussion of quality‐of‐life priorities and preferences with patients, the effect of quality‐of‐life priorities on treatment recommendations, and quality‐of‐life priority documentation in practice.ResultsPatient survey completers (n = 320; 33% response rate) were predominantly women (95%), had a diagnosis of breast cancer (59%), or were receiving active cancer treatment (59%). Clinician survey completers (n = 112; 5% response rate) predominately identified as hematologists or oncologists (66%). Although 67% of clinicians reported knowing their patients' personal quality‐of‐life priorities and preferences before finalizing treatment plans, only 37% of patients reported that these discussions occurred before treatment initiation. Most patients (95%) considered out‐of‐pocket expenses important during treatment planning, yet only 59% reported discussing out‐of‐pocket expenses with their clinician before finalizing treatment plans. A majority of clinicians (52%) considered clinic questionnaires as feasible to document quality‐of‐life priorities and preferences.ConclusionsPatients and clinicians reported that preferences related to quality‐of‐life should be considered in treatment decision making, yet barriers to SDM, preference elicitation, and documentation remain.
Fabrication of Template‐Less Self‐Propelled Micromotors Based on A Metal‐Sandwiched Polytryptophan Body: An Experimental and DFT Study
Authors: Moradi Nozar , Shamsipur Mojtaba , Taherpour Avat (Arman) , Rahimdad Nastaran , Pashabadi Afshin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe diverse capabilities of self‐propelled micro/nanomotors open up significant opportunities for various environmental and biomedical applications. Here, a synchronized two‐lobed bubble exhaust drives micromotor comprising a metal (cobalt and gold) sandwiched polytryptophan body (Au/poly‐Trp/Co) in a non‐curved direction. The autonomous motion is achieved through the decomposition of chemical fuel to result in a kayak‐like system. The ejected oxygen bubbles from the interfacial cobalt/polytryptophan layer, as well as the inert nature of the metal segments (Au−Co), were considered for some computational studies of the electronic properties of the composite and physical phenomena at the kayak/electrolyte interfaces, and confirmed the role of Co−Trp in the fuel decomposition. It is believed that the autonomous motion is the combined result of bubble recoil force, self‐electrophoresis, and perturbation in the interfacial hydrogen‐bond network of the poly‐Trp body and water molecules. The velocity of the micromotor in the range 23±4 to 157±17 μm s−1 at different concentrations of H2O2 from 1 % to 10 %. Depending on the method of fragmentation, it is possible to have both single and multiple motorized kayaks with lengths of 1.5 and 6 μm, respectively, that can be tailored for environmental applications.
Abundance, origin, and phylogeny of plants do not predict community‐level patterns of pathogen diversity and infection
Authors: Schmidt Robin , Auge Harald , Deising Holger B. , Hensen Isabell , Mangan Scott A. , Schädler Martin , Stein Claudia , Knight Tiffany M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPathogens have the potential to shape plant community structure, and thus, it is important to understand the factors that determine pathogen diversity and infection in communities. The abundance, origin, and evolutionary relationships of plant hosts are all known to influence pathogen patterns and are typically studied separately. We present an observational study that examined the influence of all three factors and their interactions on the diversity of and infection of several broad taxonomic groups of foliar, floral, and stem pathogens across three sites in a temperate grassland in the central United States. Despite that pathogens are known to respond positively to increases in their host abundances in other systems, we found no relationship between host abundance and either pathogen diversity or infection. Native and exotic plants did not differ in their infection levels, but exotic plants hosted a more generalist pathogen community compared to native plants. There was no phylogenetic signal across plants in pathogen diversity or infection. The lack of evidence for a role of abundance, origin, and evolutionary relationships in shaping patterns of pathogens in our study might be explained by the high generalization and global distributions of our focal pathogen community, as well as the high diversity of our plant host community. In general, the community‐level patterns of aboveground pathogen infections have received less attention than belowground pathogens, and our results suggest that their patterns might not be explained by the same drivers.
Diversification in evolutionary arenas—Assessment and synthesis
Authors: Nürk Nicolai M. , Linder H. Peter , Onstein Renske E. , Larcombe Matthew J. , Hughes Colin E. , Piñeiro Fernández Laura , Schlüter Philipp M. , Valente Luis , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Cutts Vanessa , Donoghue Michael J. , Edwards Erika J. , Field Richard , Flantua Suzette G. A. , Higgins Steven I. , Jentsch Anke , Liede‐Schumann Sigrid , Pirie Michael D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how and why rates of evolutionary diversification vary is a key issue in evolutionary biology, ecology, and biogeography. Evolutionary rates are the net result of interacting processes summarized under concepts such as adaptive radiation and evolutionary stasis. Here, we review the central concepts in the evolutionary diversification literature and synthesize these into a simple, general framework for studying rates of diversification and quantifying their underlying dynamics, which can be applied across clades and regions, and across spatial and temporal scales. Our framework describes the diversification rate (d) as a function of the abiotic environment (a), the biotic environment (b), and clade‐specific phenotypes or traits (c); thus,d ~ a,b,c. We refer to the four components (a–d) and their interactions collectively as the “Evolutionary Arena.” We outline analytical approaches to this framework and present a case study on conifers, for which we parameterize the general model. We also discuss three conceptual examples: theLupinusradiation in the Andes in the context of emerging ecological opportunity and fluctuating connectivity due to climatic oscillations; oceanic island radiations in the context of island formation and erosion; and biotically driven radiations of the Mediterranean orchid genusOphrys. The results of the conifer case study are consistent with the long‐standing scenario that low competition and high rates of niche evolution promote diversification. The conceptual examples illustrate how using the synthetic Evolutionary Arena framework helps to identify and structure future directions for research on evolutionary radiations. In this way, the Evolutionary Arena framework promotes a more general understanding of variation in evolutionary rates by making quantitative results comparable between case studies, thereby allowing new syntheses of evolutionary and ecological processes to emerge.
Myeloperoxidase and related biomarkers are suggestive footprints of endothelial microvascular inflammation in HFpEF patients
Authors: Hage Camilla , Michaëlsson Erik , Kull Bengt , Miliotis Tasso , Svedlund Sara , Linde Cecilia , Donal Erwan , Daubert Jean‐Claude , Gan Li‐Ming , Lund Lars H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsIn heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), microvascular inflammation is proposed as an underlying mechanism. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is associated with vascular dysfunction and prognosis in congestive HF.Methods and resultsMPO, MPO‐related biomarkers, and echocardiography were assessed in 86 patients, 4–8 weeks after presentation with acute HF (EF ≥ 45%), and in 46 healthy controls. Patients were followed up for median 579 days (Q1;Q3 276;1178) regarding the composite endpoint all‐cause mortality or HF hospitalization. Patients were 73 years old, 51% were female, EF was 64% (Q1;Q3 58;68), E/e′ was ratio 10.8 (8.3;14.0), and left atrial volume index (LAVI) was 43 mL/m2 (38;52). Controls were 60 (57;62) years old (vs. patients; P < 0.001), 24% were female (P = 0.005), and left ventricular EF was 63% (59;66; P = 0.790). MPO was increased in HFpEF compared with controls, 101 (81;132) vs. 86 (74;101 ng/mL, P = 0.015), as was uric acid 369 (314;439) vs. 289 (252;328 μmol/L, P < 0.001), calprotectin, asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA), and symmetric dimethyl arginine (SDMA), while arginine was decreased. MPO correlated with uric acid (r = 0.26; P = 0.016). In patients with E/e′ > 14, uric acid and SDMA were elevated (421 vs. 344 μM, P = 0.012; 0.54 vs. 0.47 μM, P = 0.039, respectively), and MPO was 121 vs. 98 ng/mL (P = 0.090). The ratios of arginine/ADMA (112 vs. 162; P < 0.001) and ADMA/SDMA (1.36 vs. 1.17; P = 0.002) were decreased in HFpEF patients, suggesting reduced NO availability and increased enzymatic clearance of ADMA, respectively. Uric acid independently predicted the endpoint [hazard ratio (HR) 3.76 (95% CI 1.19–11.85; P = 0.024)] but not MPO [HR 1.48 (95% CI 0.70–3.14; P = 0.304)] or the other biomarkers.ConclusionsIn HFpEF, MPO‐dependent oxidative stress reflected by uric acid and calprotectin is increased, and SDMA is associated with diastolic dysfunction and uric acid with outcome. This suggests microvascular neutrophil involvement mirroring endothelial dysfunction, a central component of the HFpEF syndrome and a potential treatment target.
Thermal transport analysis for natural convection in a porous corrugated rhombic enclosure
Authors: Dutta Shantanu , Pati Sukumar , Biswas Arup Kumar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA numerical study of fluid flow and heat transfer, applying natural convection is carried out in a porous corrugated rhombic enclosure. A uniform heating source is applied from the bottom boundary wall while the inclined side walls are maintained to a constant cold temperature and the top corrugated wall is retained at insulated condition inside the enclosure. The heat transfer and flow features are presented for a wide spectrum of Rayleigh numbers (Ra), 104 ≤ Ra ≤ 106, and Darcy numbers (Da), 10−3 ≤ Da ≤ 10−2. The number of undulations (n) for the top and bottom walls have been varied from 1 to 13 keeping the amplitude of undulation fixed. It is revealed that the characteristics of heat transfer are conceivably modulated by changing the parameter of the undulation number on the enclosure walls, specifically at the bottom and top. The influencing control of n in altering the heat transfer rate is felt maximum on the left wall and minimum for the right wall, and there is a strong interplay between Ra and Da together with n on dictating the heat transfer characteristics. The critical value, where heat transfer rate is observed as maximum is at n = 11 and thereafter the values decrease.
Oxaliplatin‐induced neuropathic pain involves HOXA6 via a TET1‐dependent demethylation of the SOX10 promoter
Authors: Deng Jie , Ding Huan‐Huan , Long Jia‐Li , Lin Su‐Yan , Liu Meng , Zhang Xue‐Qin , Xin Wen‐Jun , Ruan Xiangcai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChemotherapy‐induced neuropathic pain is a common dose‐limiting side effect of cancer treatment but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we used a whole‐genome expression microarray and gene ontology analysis to identify the upregulation of a sequence‐specific DNA‐binding protein, HOXA6, in the spinal dorsal horn on Day 10 after injection of rats with oxaliplatin. Genetic disruption of HOXA6 with siRNAs alleviated mechanical allodynia after oxaliplatin administration. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing assays indicated that oxaliplatin decreased the methylation levels of the SOX10 promoter but not of HOXA6. TET1 was also upregulated by oxaliplatin. Genetic disruption of TET1 with siRNA blocked the promoter demethylation of SOX10 and the upregulation of HOXA6 and SOX10. Importantly, inhibition of SOX10 by intrathecal application of SOX10 siRNA ameliorated the mechanical allodynia induced by oxaliplatin and downregulated the expression of HOXA6. Consistently, overexpression of SOX10 through intraspinal injection of AAV‐SOX10‐EGFP produced mechanical allodynia and upregulated the expression of spinal dorsal horn HOXA6. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that oxaliplatin increased the binding of SOX10 to the promoter region of HOXA6. Taken together, our data suggest that HOXA6 upregulation through the TET1‐mediated promoter demethylation of SOX10 may contribute to oxaliplatin‐induced neuropathic pain.
Parallel astrocyte calcium signaling modulates olfactory bulb responses
Authors: Ung Kevin , Tepe Burak , Pekarek Brandon , Arenkiel Benjamin R. , Deneen Benjamin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAstrocytes are the most abundant glial cell in the central nervous system. They modulate synaptic function through a variety of mechanisms, and yet remain relatively understudied with respect to overall neuronal circuit function. Exploiting the tractability of the mouse olfactory system, we manipulated astrocyte activity and examined how astrocytes modulate olfactory bulb responses. Toward this, we genetically targeted both astrocytes and neurons for in vivo widefield imaging of Ca2+ responses to odor stimuli. We found that astrocytes exhibited odor response maps that overlap with excitatory neuronal activity. By manipulating Ca2+ activity in astrocytes using chemical genetics we found that odor‐evoked neuronal activity was reciprocally affected, suggesting that astrocyte activation inhibits neuronal odor responses. Subsequently, behavioral experiments revealed that astrocyte manipulations affect both odor detection threshold and discrimination, suggesting that astrocytes play an active role in olfactory sensory processing circuits. Together, these studies show that astrocyte calcium signaling contributes to olfactory behavior through modulation of sensory circuits.
Three Modes of Creativity
Authors: Creely Edwin , Henriksen Danah , Henderson Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article is an ontological investigation of the term creativity, to suggest a model that infuses key philosophical and critical perspectives. This article proposes that creativity has three modes of existence or ways of being in the world: the Visceral (embodiments), the Ideational (mind and conceptual), and the Observational (appreciation, critical, and evaluative). We view creativity synergistically as representing both the individual creative experience and output, in conceptual and embodied ways—and also what externally shapes, enhances, and constrains creative experience. Technologies, as tools to think or create with, often mediate the operation of these three modes. We discuss each mode, instantiating it in an educational exemplar, and also engage with issues of power, discourse, and gatekeeping over what is deemed to be creative in education. Our discussion examines the rhetoric around the term, as well as issues of access to technologies that afford creativity. This tri‐modal model of creativity offers an interdisciplinary framework to complement existing models for understanding creativity.
Rapid, Single‐View Speckle‐Tracking–Based Method for Examining Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Function in Point of Care Ultrasound
Authors: Mauermann Eckhard , Bouchez Stefaan , Bove Thierry , Vandenheuvel Michael , Wouters Patrick 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesA rapid, reliable quantitative assessment of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function is important for patient treatment in urgent and dynamic settings. Quantification of annular velocities based on a single 2‐dimensional image loop, rather than on Doppler velocities, could be useful in point‐of‐care or focused cardiac ultrasound. We hypothesized that novel speckle‐tracking–based mitral annular velocities would correlate with reference standard tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) velocities in a focused cardiac ultrasound–esque setting.MethodsTwo echocardiographers each performed transthoracic echocardiographic measurements before and after induction of anesthesia in supine patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Speckle‐tracking echocardiography (STE)‐based systolic (S'STE) and diastolic (E'STE and A'STE) velocities were compared to TDI and global longitudinal strain/strain rate. We also compared mitral annular displacement by speckle tracking with M‐mode imaging.ResultsTwenty‐five patients were included and examined in both preinduction and postinduction states. Speckle‐tracking–based velocities correlated with TDI measurements in both states (S′, r = 0.73 and 0.76; E′, r = 0.87 and 0.65; and A′, r = 0.65 and 0.73), showing a mean bias of 25% to 30% of the reference standard measurement. The correlation of S'STE with strain and the strain rate (S‐wave) and E'STE with the strain rate (E‐wave) was good in awake, spontaneously breathing patients but was less strong in the ventilated state. Similarly, displacement by speckle tracking correlated with M‐mode measurements in both states (r = 0.91 and 0.84). Measurements required medians of 31 and 34 seconds; reproducibility was acceptable for S'STE and E'STE.ConclusionsSpeckle‐tracking–based mitral annular velocities and displacement correlate well with conventional measures as well as with deformation imaging. They may be clinically useful in rapidly assessing both systolic and diastolic function from a single 2‐dimensional image loop.