bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on technology visualization analysis method using patent classifier
Authors: Shibata Masashi , Takahashi Masakazu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an efficient method of technical structure analysis of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) development using network analysis. Recently, with the reform of the industrial structure called “Industry 4.0″ and the explosive expansion of the application area of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the demand for computing power in edge devices is increasing. For these backgrounds, the acceleration by FPGA is focused on the industry. Hence, in this paper, we analyze the technology development trends of a significant FPGA supplier. As analytical data, we employ patents obtained by the company in the U.S. We focus on the classifiers in the patent information. We create graphs by classifiers and analyze their clusters. From the results of extracting graph features by the proposed method, key technology areas and their transitions are revealed in the technology development of FPGA suppliers.
Haemodynamic characteristics of COVID‐19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation. An invasive assessment using right heart catheterization
Authors: Caravita Sergio , Baratto Claudia , Di Marco Fabiano , Calabrese Alice , Balestrieri Giulio , Russo Filippo , Faini Andrea , Soranna Davide , Perego Giovanni Battista , Badano Luigi P. , Grazioli Lorenzo , Lorini Ferdinando Luca , Parati Gianfranco , Senni Michele 
Published: November 2020

AimsInterstitial pneumonia due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is often complicated by severe respiratory failure. In addition to reduced lung compliance and ventilation/perfusion mismatch, a blunted hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction has been hypothesized, that could explain part of the peculiar pathophysiology of the COVID‐19 cardiorespiratory syndrome. However, no invasive haemodynamic characterization of COVID‐19 patients has been reported so far.Methods and resultsTwenty‐one mechanically‐ventilated COVID‐19 patients underwent right heart catheterization. Their data were compared both with those obtained from non‐mechanically ventilated paired control subjects matched for age, sex and body mass index, and with pooled data of 1937 patients with ‘typical’ acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from a systematic literature review. Cardiac index was higher in COVID‐19 patients than in controls [3.8 (2.7–4.5) vs. 2.4 (2.1–2.8) L/min/m2, P < 0.001], but slightly lower than in ARDS patients (P = 0.024). Intrapulmonary shunt and lung compliance were inversely related in COVID‐19 patients (r = −0.57, P = 0.011) and did not differ from ARDS patients. Despite this, pulmonary vascular resistance of COVID‐19 patients was normal, similar to that of control subjects [1.6 (1.1–2.5) vs. 1.6 (0.9–2.0) WU, P = 0.343], and lower than reported in ARDS patients (P < 0.01). Pulmonary hypertension was present in 76% of COVID‐19 patients and in 19% of control subjects (P < 0.001), and it was always post‐capillary. Pulmonary artery wedge pressure was higher in COVID‐19 than in ARDS patients, and inversely related to lung compliance (r = −0.46, P = 0.038).ConclusionsThe haemodynamic profile of COVID‐19 patients needing mechanical ventilation is characterized by combined cardiopulmonary alterations. Low pulmonary vascular resistance, coherent with a blunted hypoxic vasoconstriction, is associated with high cardiac output and post‐capillary pulmonary hypertension, that could eventually contribute to lung stiffness and promote a vicious circle between the lung and the heart.
Research on matching design method of waste heat reuse system of fuel cell vehicle considering system energy consumption and waste heat exchange rate
Authors: Sun Wei , Yi Fengyan , Hu Donghai , Zhou Jiaming 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe research of hydrogen fuel cell waste heat recovery is a new field of fuel cell thermal management, which helps to improve the overall fuel utilization. At present, the research on the waste heat utilization of fuel cell vehicles is less, and it is more based on the traditional vehicle waste heat management ideas without systematic summary of the factors affecting the system performance. This study takes the waste heat reuse system of fuel cell vehicle as the research object, and established the waste heat exchange rate model and energy consumption model of the waste heat reuse system. Through the study of relevant parameter variables, the effects of parameters on system energy consumption and waste heat exchange rate at low temperature were obtained. The matching design of waste heat reuse system of 60 kW fuel cell vehicle was carried out, and the simulation analysis and experimental verification were done. The results showed that when the ambient temperature is −3°C and −6°C, the waste heat exchange rate of the new matching scheme is 16.2% and 16.3% higher than that of the original scheme, respectively. Also, the total energy consumption of the system is reduced by 62.02% and 60.62%, respectively.
Network overloading management by exploiting the in‐system batteries of electric vehicles
Authors: Rehman Usama , Feng Donghan , Su Hao , Numan Muhammad , Abbas Farukh 
Published: November 2020

SummaryNetwork overloading and electric power shortfalls occur due to large variations in anticipated renewable electric power and electric loads, which may cause system overheating or network failure. A large portion of residential loads (RLs) comprises of electric vehicles (EVs); therefore, by using in‐system electric vehicle batteries (EVBs), above mentioned issues can be resolved. A lot of research has been done in this domain but the stochastic nature of this system has not been fully explored yet. In this article, an intelligent charging mechanism of EVs has been proposed for RLs. EVBs are charged during off‐peak hours and then batteries are utilized as an independent power source during peak hours to decrease stress on the power network. Vehicle‐to‐grid charging and discharging scenarios are considered, to optimize the rate of charging. A novel stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) framework, based on smart charging/discharging of EVBs has been proposed in this article. SMPC deals with the uncertain variations in the projected generation and demand of electric power, due to variable renewable energy and high electric loads, respectively. It deals with the discrepancy of supply, demand, and energy prices. Using SMPC, complex stochastic problems can be transformed into a simpler optimization problem, making it computation efficient and suitable for real‐time applications. To relax constraints on power demand, a worst case scenario technique has been used which reduces the computational cost of the system. Simulation results depict that controlled charging and discharging of EVBs in power grid network help reduce overshoots and undershoots of electric power demand in a smart community. Comparison of the proposed strategy has been done with benchmark algorithms, to show the competency of the proposed strategy. This study provides insight of a smart community microgrid operation and resultant trade‐offs to manage the demand and supply of electricity.
Experimental study on the burning behavior of cardboard box fire under low air pressure
Authors: Ma Qiuju , Shao Juncheng , Wan Mengsai , Liu Quanyi , Zhang Hui 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe objective of this work is to study the fire behavior characteristics under low pressures. Cardboard box fire experiments of two kinds of fire load, 1‐box and 2‐box fires, were conducted separately at 101 kPa, 75 kPa, 64 kPa, and 59.5 kPa in an altitude chamber. The heat release rate, mass burning rate, residual ash mass and radiative heat flux were measured as the principal characteristic parameters for analysis. The results of these tests demonstrated the significant effects on fire behaviors caused by low‐pressure atmosphere. The mass burning rate shows power function growth with the air pressure as . The proportion of residual ash increases linearly with the pressure drop, and it reaches as high as 44% for 1‐box fire at 59.5 kPa. While the proportion of residual ash for 2‐box fire is lower compared with 1‐box fire, which means the combustion of 2‐box fire is more complete. The effective heat of combustion (EHC) obtained for 101 kPa, 75 kPa, 64 kPa, and 59.5 kPa are respectively 18.44, 17.08, 15.10, and 12.74 kJ/g. Furthermore, the heat radiation fraction was calculated based on the simplified measuring method and it is observed that radiation fraction depends less on the environment pressure.
Electrochemistry in Archaeology and Art Conservation
Authors: Doménech‐Carbó Antonio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractElectrochemical techniques are of application in the fields of archaeometry, conservation and restoration of cultural heritage. These include the identification of components in paintings, ceramic and glasses, fibers, metals, etc., but also establishing diagnostic criteria of conservation and the application of conservative treatments. Here, it is presented an updated summary of the evolution of these applications in the last decades, and a discussion on their capabilities and future research for tracing, authentication, manufacturing techniques, provenances, and dating.
Sparse Steiner triple systems of order 21
Authors: Kokkala Janne I. , Östergård Patric R. J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA ‐configuration is a set of blocks on points. For Steiner triple systems, ‐configurations are of particular interest. The smallest nontrivial such configuration is the Pasch configuration, which is a ‐configuration. A Steiner triple system of order , an STS, is ‐sparse if it does not contain any ‐configuration for . The existence problem for anti‐Pasch Steiner triple systems has been solved, but these have been classified only up to order 19. In the current work, a computer‐aided classification shows that there are 83,003,869 isomorphism classes of anti‐Pasch STS(21)s. Exploration of the classified systems reveals that there are three 5‐sparse STS(21)s but no 6‐sparse STS(21)s. The anti‐Pasch STS(21)s lead to 14 Kirkman triple systems, none of which is doubly resolvable.
Adsorption process of naproxen onto peanut shell‐derived biosorbent: important role of n–π interaction and van der Waals force
Authors: Tomul Fatma , Arslan Yasin , Kabak Burcu , Trak Diğdem , Tran Hai Nguyen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDLow‐cost biosorbent (derived from peanut shells) with abundant oxygen‐containing functional groups can effectively adsorb the naproxen drug in solution. This study aimed to explore the main interactions responsible for adsorbing naproxen and develop several conventional methods for identifying primary adsorption mechanism. Some important operation parameters strongly effecting the adsorption process and mechanism were investigated and discussed.RESULTSA fast adsorption equilibrium can be reached at approximately 120 min. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of biosorbent towards naproxen (Qomax; mg g−1) was 55.1 mg g−1. The study of adsorption thermodynamics indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous (∆G° ≈ −21 kJ mol−1) and exothermic (∆H° = −14.9 kJ mol−1), and van der Waals force played an important role in the adsorption mechanism. Another important contribution of n–π interaction between the carbonyl groups on the biosorbent's surface and the aromatic rings in naproxen molecules was confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and a traditional method. Such n–π interaction cannot be well performed when carbonyl groups were oxidized into carboxylic groups under H2O2 treatment. Peanut shells exhibited an excellent adsorption capacity to various pollutants such as lead (Qomax = 167 mg g−1), cadmium (103 mg g−1), cobalt (88.8 mg g−1), diclofenac (56.1 mg g−1), and bisphenol A (24.5 mg g−1).CONCLUSIONSSimple methods were developed to identify the important role of van der Waals force and n–π interaction in the adsorption process of naproxen. Such methods might be applied to identify the similar adsorption mechanisms of other aromatic adsorbates onto other materials with similar properties. Peanut shells can serve as a promising biosorbent for eliminating naproxen and other pollutants from water environment. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Distribution and evolution of H1N1 influenza A viruses with adamantanes‐resistant mutations worldwide from 1918 to 2019
Authors: He Weijun , Zhang Weixu , Yan Huixin , Xu Hefeng , Xie Yuan , Wu Qizhong , Wang Chengmin , Dong Guoying 
Published: November 2020

AbstractH1N1 influenza is a kind of acute respiratory infectious disease that has a high socioeconomic and medical burden each year around the world. In the past decades, H1N1 influenza viruses have exhibited high resistance to adamantanes, which has become a serious issue. To understand the up‐to‐date distribution and evolution of H1N1 influenza viruses with adamantanes‐resistant mutations, we conducted a deep analysis of 15875 M2 protein and 8351 MP nucleotides sequences. Results of the distribution analyses showed that 77.32% of H1N1 influenza viruses harbored‐resistance mutations of which 73.52% were S31N, And the mutant variants mainly appeared in North America and Europe and H1N1 influenza viruses with S31N mutation became the circulating strains since 2009 all over the world. In addition, 80.65% of human H1N1 influenza viruses and 74.61% of swine H1N1 influenza viruses exhibited adamantanes resistance, while the frequency was only 1.86% in avian H1N1 influenza viruses. Studies from evolutionary analyses indicated that the avian‐origin swine H1N1 influenza viruses replaced the classical human H1N1 influenza viruses and became the circulating strains after 2009; The interspecies transmission among avian, swine, and human strains over the past 20 years contributed to the 2009 swine influenza pandemic. Results of our study clearly clarify the historical drug resistance level of H1N1 influenza viruses around the world and demonstrated the evolution of adamantanes‐resistant mutations in H1N1 influenza viruses. Our findings emphasize the necessity for monitoring the adamantanes susceptibility of H1N1 influenza viruses and draw attention to analyses of the evolution of drug‐resistant H1N1 influenza variants.
High value of mid‐regional proadrenomedullin in COVID‐19: A marker of widespread endothelial damage, disease severity, and mortality
Authors: Spoto Silvia , Agrò Felice E. , Sambuco Federica , Travaglino Francesco , Valeriani Emanuele , Fogolari Marta , Mangiacapra Fabio , Costantino Sebastiano , Ciccozzi Massimo , Angeletti Silvia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe widespread endothelial damage due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) may lead to a disruption of the adrenomedullin (ADM) system responsible for vascular leakage, increased inflammatory status, and microvascular alteration with multi‐organs dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of mid‐regional proadrenomedullin (MR‐proADM) as a marker of SARS‐CoV2 related widespread endothelial damage, clinically identified by organs damage, disease severity and mortality. Patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection has been prospectively enrolled and demographic characteristic, clinical and laboratory data has been evaluated. In the overall population, 58% developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 23.3% of patients died, 6.5% acute cardiac injury, 1.4% of patients developed acute ischemic stroke, 21.2% acute kidney injury, 11.8% acute liver damage, and 5.4% septic shock. The best MR‐proADM cut‐off values for ARDS development and mortality prediction were 3.04 and 2 nmol/L, respectively. Patients presenting with MR‐proADM values ≥2 nmol/L showed a significantly higher mortality risk. In conclusion, MR‐proADM values ≥2 nmol/L identify those patients with high mortality risk related to a multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. These patients must be carefully evaluated and considered for an intensive therapeutic approach.
Obesity aggravates COVID‐19: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Jun , Tian Congmin , Chen Ying , Zhu Chunyan , Chi Hongyu , Li Jiahao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis review aimed to evaluate the impact of obesity on the onset, exacerbation, and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19); and compare the effects of different degrees of obesity. PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched to find articles published between December 1, 2019, and July 27, 2020. Only observational studies with specific obesity definition were included. Literature screening and data extraction were conducted simultaneously by two researchers. A random‐effects model was used to merge the effect quantity. Sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and meta‐regression analysis were used to deal with the heterogeneity among studies. Forty‐one studies with 219,543 subjects and 115,635 COVID‐19 patients were included. Subjects with obesity were more likely to have positive SARS‐CoV‐2 test results (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.37–1.63, I2 = 69.2%); COVID‐19 patients with obesity had a higher incidence of hospitalization (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.33–1.78, I2 = 60.9%); hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with obesity had a higher incidence of intensive care unit admission (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.24–1.77, I2 = 67.5%), invasive mechanical ventilation (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.31–1.65, I2 = 18.8%), and in‐hospital mortality (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04–1.26, I2 = 74.4%). A higher degree of obesity also indicated a higher risk of almost all of the above events. The region may be one of the causes of heterogeneity. Obesity could promote the occurrence of the whole course of COVID‐19. A higher degree of obesity may predict a higher risk. Further basic and clinical therapeutic research needs to be strengthened.
A Theory of Planned Behavior Scale for Adherence to Trauma‐Focused Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Treatments
Authors: Meis Laura A. , Noorbaloochi Siamak , Hagel Campbell Emily M. , Erickson Emily P. G. , Velasquez Tina L. , Leverty David M. , Thompson Katie , Erbes Christopher 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEvidence‐based psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), such as cognitive processing therapy and prolonged exposure (CPT/PE), greatly reduce suffering for veterans, but many veterans fail to complete treatment. Developing a theory‐based understanding of adherence is necessary to inform interventions to improve treatment retention. We developed and tested a series of scales applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to CPT/PE adherence. The scales were administered in mailed surveys as part of a larger mixed‐methods study of veteran adherence to PE/CPT. Surveys were sent to 379 veterans who were initiating CPT/PE across four U.S. Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals and 207 of their loved ones. Subsequent session attendance and homework compliance were coded via a review of electronic medical records. We examined item‐level characteristics, factor structure, and the convergent and discriminant validity of the resultant scales. The findings support four subscales: two related to attitudes (i.e., Treatment Makes Sense and Treatment Fits Needs), one related to perceived behavioral control over participation (i.e., Participation Control), and one related to perceived family attitudes about CPT/PE participation (i.e., Subjective Norms). Scale validity was supported through significant associations with theoretically relevant constructs, including intentions to persist in CPT/PE,rs = .19–.38; treatment completion,rs = .21–.25; practical treatment barriers,rs = −.19 to −.24; and therapeutic alliance,rs = .39–.57.
Electrical Actuation of Coated and Composite Fibers Based on Poly[ethylene‐co‐(vinyl acetate)]
Authors: Farhan Muhammad , Chaudhary Deeptangshu , Nöchel Ulrich , Behl Marc , Kratz Karl , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRobots are typically controlled by electrical signals. Resistive heating is an option to electrically trigger actuation in thermosensitive polymer systems. In this study electrically triggerable poly[ethylene‐co‐(vinyl acetate)] (PEVA)‐based fiber actuators are realized as composite fibers as well as polymer fibers with conductive coatings. In the coated fibers, the core consists of crosslinked PEVA (cPEVA), while the conductive coating shell is achieved via a dip coating procedure with a coating thickness between 10 and 140 µm. The conductivity of coated fibers σ = 300–550 S m−1 is much higher than that of the composite fibers σ = 5.5 S m−1. A voltage (U) of 110 V is required to heat 30 cm of coated fiber to a targeted temperature of ≈ 65 °C for switching in less than a minute. Cyclic electrical actuation investigations reveal ε′rev = 5 ± 1% reversible change in length for coated fibers. The fabrication of such electro‐conductive polymeric actuators is suitable for upscaling so that their application potential as artificial muscles can be explored in future studies.
Robust Fabrication of Fluorescent Cellulosic Materials via Hantzsch Reaction
Authors: Wang Ruochun , Sun Siwen , Wang Bijia , Mao Zhiping , Xu Hong , Feng Xueling , Sui Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHantzsch reaction is one of the typical multicomponent reactions (MCRs), and it is employed herein to endow cellulosic materials with fluorescent properties. For example, acetoacetyl (ACAC)‐bearing cotton fabric prepared via transesterification with tert‐butyl acetoacetate is subjected to an aqueous Hantzsch reaction with formaldehyde and ammonium acetate at ambient temperature. A strong fluorescent emission around 460 nm is achieved within 10 min. XPS, fluorescent spectroscopy, and elemental analysis are used to confirm the presence of 1,4‐dihydropyridine (DHP) rings on the surface of the fabric. TGA, SEM, XRD, and mechanical testing results show that the modification process has minimum impact on intrinsic properties of the fabric. The strategy is also shown to be generally applicable to various forms of cellulosic materials and different aldehydes. This fast and simple approach enriches the application of MCR in modification of cellulose and cellulose derivatives.
Thermal Simulation and Warping Deformation Experimental Study of PEEK in Material Extrusion
Authors: Han Jiang , Tong Ju , Tian Xiaoqing , Xia Lian , Ma Dingyifei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPolyether‐ether‐ketone (PEEK) is a high‐performance biomaterial, which can be used to fabricate dentures, mandible, and other human implants. However, when the material extrusion (MEX) method is employed to print parts using PEEK material, the parts are prone to warpage deformation, which affects the fabrication quality of PEEK parts. Moreover, the uneven temperature field adversely affects the crystallization of PEEK, causing the printed objects with hazel appearance which affects the beauty of the denture. In this paper, finite element analysis is initially performed to study the temperature and stress fields of PEEK under different printing parameters in MEX. Second, the response surface method is used to evaluate the accuracy of the simulation results. Furthermore, a mathematical model of the relationship between warping deformation and the affecting factors during MEX is obtained. The simulation and experimental results show that the temperature field, stress field, and final warping deformation are positively correlated with the extruded filament width, printing speed, and molding chamber temperature, while they are negatively correlated with the nozzle temperature. The impact of each parameter in a descending order is: extruded filament width, printing speed, molding chamber temperature, and nozzle temperature.