bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Starch granule stabilized Pickering emulsions: an 8‐year stability study
Authors: Marefati Ali , Rayner Marilyn 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPickering emulsions are known to have advantages over conventional emulsions, in particular, improved and long‐term stability against coalescence. This research is an eight‐year stability investigation of oil‐in‐water Pickering emulsions stabilized by quinoa starch granules modified by octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA).Two different concentrations of starch (i.e. 200 and 600 mg mL−1 based on oil) were used at oil fraction (ϕ) of 0.1. The emulsions were prepared using a high‐pressure homogenizer. The emulsions were stored in a refrigerator (at 6 °C) and evaluated using particle size analyzer over the storage period and light microscopy at the end of the storage period.RESULTSStarch granule stabilized Pickering emulsions produced by a high‐pressure homogenizer displayed remarkable storage stability over the eight years with no indication of coalescence. In addition, the results showed that increasing the concentration of starch granules resulted in a decrease in droplet sizes. The sizes measured by the particle size analyzer showed a decline over the storage period which was due to dissociation of some networks of aggregated droplets that, in addition to representing smaller droplet sizes, resulted in the release of free and unbound starch entrapped in these networks.CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that Pickering emulsions produced by OSA modified starch granules from quinoa can be used in practical applications for the development of highly stable formulations when prolonged storage is required. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Clinical Experience of Vibroplasty With Direct Coupling to the Oval Window Without Use of a Coupler
Authors: Kwak Sang Hyun , Moon Young Min , Nam Gi‐Sung , Bae Seong Hoon , Kim Sung Huhn , Jung Jinsei , Choi Jae Young 
Published: January 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate the efficacy of direct implantation of a Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) implant in the oval window (OW) without the use of an OW coupler in patients with severe mixed hearing loss.Study DesignRetrospective chart reviewMethodsA total of 62 patients underwent VSB implantation between July 2016 and December 2018 at Severance Hospital in Seoul, South Korea. Among them, eight patients (nine ears) with moderate‐to‐severe mixed hearing loss were implanted with a VSB directly in the OW. A floating mass transducer (FMT) was attached to the stapes footplate and covered with tragal cartilage. The outcomes were evaluated using pure‐tone audiogram and speech audiogram preoperatively and postoperatively. Word recognition score (WRS; % correct) were measured at the most comfortable loudness (MCL) level to evaluate speech perception.ResultsAll cases posed difficulty with round window vibroplasty during surgery, and eventually, an FMT was appropriately placed in the OW without a coupler. Preoperative and postoperative bone conduction thresholds were not different. VSB‐aided threshold improved in terms of functional and effective gains. Interestingly, four cases showed improved air conduction thresholds without the use of a VSB. In addition, MCL level with a VSB was significantly lower than that with a hearing aid, and VSB‐aided WRS improved over time.ConclusionsDirect implantation of a VSB in the OW without the use of a coupler showed favorable hearing outcomes, and the OW vibroplasty was safe. Direct OW vibroplasty without a coupler is a reliable procedure and can be a good option for hearing rehabilitation in patients with severe mixed hearing loss.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 2020
A Facile and Highly Efficient Route to Amphiphilic Star‐Like Rod‐Coil Block Copolymer via a Combination of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization with Thiol–Ene Click Chemistry
Authors: Wang Xinglong , Zhao Chunyan , Li Yuanyuan , Lin Zhiqun , Xu Hui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWith a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), quasi‐living Grignard metathesis method, and thiol–ene click reaction, an amphiphilic star‐like rod‐coil diblock copolymer poly(acrylic acid)‐block‐poly(3‐hexylthiophene) comprising 21‐arm inner coil‐like PAA blocks and outer rod‐like conjugated polymer poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) blocks with well‐defined molecular structures and narrow molecular weight distribution is synthesized. First, the bromide end‐groups of 21‐arm star‐like ATRP coil polymers PtBA‐Br are converted successfully into reactive thioacetate end groups by post‐functionalization using potassium thioacetate. Subsequently, 21‐arm star‐like coil polymers PtBA‐SCOCH3 react with rod‐like vinyl‐functionalized P3HT to yield functional star‐like rod‐coil diblock copolymers PtBA‐b‐P3HT via thiol–ene click reaction, followed by selective hydrolysis of inner PtBA block into PAA block. The present synthetic approach enables the construction of well‐defined star‐like conformation with few structural limitations in a facile and highly efficient manner due to the robust and orthogonal nature of the thiol–ene click reaction. It may be extended to produce block copolymers with other topologies, such as cylindrical, hyperbranched, and dendritic structures.
2D Conjugated Polyelectrolytes Possessing Identical Backbone with Active‐Layer Polymer as Cathode Interlayer for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Xuan , Nie Wei , Tu Dandan , Guo Xin , Li Can 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA 2D conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE), PBDTTh‐TT‐NBr, having the same backbone as the highly efficient donor polymer PTB7‐Th and the quaternary ammonium pendant, is synthesized as a cathode interlayer (CIL) material for PTB7‐Th‐based fullerene and non‐fullerene solar cells. The quaternary ammonium group is connected to the 2D conjugated backbone by a long, flexible alkyl chain, facilitating the modification of cathode via forming interface dipoles. Moreover, compared with another CPE analogue to PTB7, PBDT‐TT‐NBr, without the 2D conjugated backbone, the PBDTTh‐TT‐NBr presents a higher similarity in polymer structure to the donor polymer PTB7‐Th. This feature makes it more compatible with the PTB7‐Th‐based active‐layer film, improving the electron transport. With the PBDTTh‐TT‐NBr as the CIL, devices afford higher performances than those using the PBDT‐TT‐NBr in both fullerene and non‐fullerene systems. This work offers guidance on choosing the CIL material that ought to possess a highly similar structure to the active‐layer component.
Lipoatrophy‐Associated Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Steatosis are Attenuated by Intake of Diet Rich in Omega 3 Fatty Acids
Authors: Moreira Rafael J. , Castro Érique , Oliveira Tiago E. , Belchior Thiago , Peixoto Albert S. , Chaves‐Filho Adriano B. , Moreno Mayara F. , Lima Janayna D. , Yoshinaga Marcos , Miyamoto Sayuri , Morais Mychel R. P. T. , Zorn Telma M. T. , Cogliati Bruno , Iwai Leo K. , Palmisano Giuseppe , Cabral Fernanda J. , Festuccia William 
Published: January 2020

ScopeGlucose homeostasis and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatomegaly in severe lipoatrophic mice and their modulation by intake of a diet rich in omega 3 (n‐3) fatty acids (HFO) are evaluated.Methods and resultsSevere lipoatrophic mice induced by PPAR‐γ deletion exclusively in adipocytes (A‐PPARγ KO) and littermate controls (A‐PPARγ WT) are evaluated for glucose homeostasis and liver mass, proteomics, lipidomics, inflammation, and fibrosis. Lipoatrophic mice are heavier than controls, severely glucose intolerant, and hyperinsulinemic, and develop NAFLD characterized by increased liver glycogen, triacylglycerol, and diacylglycerol contents, mitotic index, apoptosis, inflammation, steatosis score, fibrosis, and fatty acid synthase (FAS) content and activity. Lipoatrophic mice also display liver enrichment with monounsaturated in detriment of polyunsaturated fatty acids including n‐3 fatty acids, and increased content of cardiolipin, a tetracyl phospholipid exclusively found at the mitochondria inner membrane. Administration of a high‐fat diet rich in n‐3 fatty acids (HFO) to lipoatrophic mice enriches liver with n‐3 fatty acids, reduces hepatic steatosis, FAS content and activity, apoptosis, inflammation, and improves glucose homeostasis.ConclusionDiet enrichment with n‐3 fatty acids improves glucose homeostasis and reduces liver steatosis and inflammation without affecting hepatomegaly in severe lipoatrophic mice.
A low‐profile dual‐band omnidirectional Alford antenna for wearable WBAN applications
Authors: Wang Wei , Xuan Xiu‐Wei , Pan Peng , Hua Yu‐Jie , Zhao Hai‐Bo , Li Kun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA low‐profile omnidirectional antenna based on folded Alford loop is proposed for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications in industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM, 2.4‐2.4835 GHz and 5.725‐5.875 GHz) bands. By fabricating two complementary symmetrically folded Alford loops on both sides of a round Roger substrate, the proposed antenna has small volume and omnidirectional radiation capability in both bands. Since the omnidirectional radiation plane is parallel to the human body surface, low specific absorption rate (SAR) can be obtained. The proposed antenna has a profile of 0.639 mm and occupies an area of π × 302 mm2, along with a measured peak gain of 6.1 dBi and 14.1% impedance bandwidth (BW) at 2.45 GHz and peak gain of 2.2 dBi and 6.7% impedance BW at 5.8 GHz. Simulated and measured results reveal that the antenna has good omnidirectional radiation in both bands. Moreover, the bending sensitivity study and SAR analysis prove that it is a good candidate for wearable WBAN devices.
Modeling the diffusion‐weighted imaging signal for breast lesions in the b = 200 to 3000 s/mm2 range: quality of fit and classification accuracy for different representations
Authors: Vidić Igor , Egnell Liv , Jerome Neil P. , White Nathan S. , Karunamuni Roshan , Rakow‐Penner Rebecca , Dale Anders M. , Bathen Tone F. , Goa Pål Erik 
Published: January 2020

PurposeTo evaluate different non‐Gaussian representations for the diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) signal in the b‐value range 200 to 3000 s/mm2 in benign and malignant breast lesions.MethodsForty‐three patients diagnosed with benign (n = 18) or malignant (n = 25) tumors of the breast underwent DWI (b‐values 200, 600, 1200, 1800, 2400, and 3000 s/mm2). Six different representations were fit to the average signal from regions of interest (ROIs) at different b‐value ranges. Quality of fit was assessed by the corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc), and the Friedman test was used for assessing representation ranks. The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the power of derived parameters to differentiate between malignant and benign lesions. The lesion ROI was divided in central and peripheral parts to assess potential effect of heterogeneity. Sensitivity to noise‐floor correction was also evaluated.ResultsThe Padé exponent was ranked as the best based on AICc, whereas 3 models (kurtosis, fractional, and biexponential) achieved the highest AUC = 0.99 for lesion differentiation. The monoexponential model at bmax = 600 s/mm2 already provides AUC = 0.96, with considerably shorter acquisition time and simpler analysis. Significant differences between central and peripheral parts of lesions were found in malignant lesions. The mono‐ and biexponential models were most stable against varying degrees of noise‐floor correction.ConclusionNon‐Gaussian representations are required for fitting of the DWI curve at high b‐values in breast lesions. However, the added clinical value from the high b‐value data for differentiation of benign and malignant lesions is not clear.
Thermomechanical topology optimization of shape‐memory alloy structures using a transient bilevel adjoint method
Authors: Kang Ziliang , James Kai A. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryWe present a novel method for computational design of adaptive shape‐memory alloy (SMA) structures via topology optimization. By optimally distributing a SMA within the prescribed design domain, the proposed algorithm seeks to tailor the two‐way shape‐memory effect (TWSME) and pseudoelasticity response of the SMA materials. Using a phenomenological material model, the thermomechanical response of the SMA structure is solved through inelastic finite element analysis, while assuming a transient but spatially uniform temperature distribution. The material distribution is parameterized via a SIMP formulation, with gradient‐based optimization used to perform the optimization search. We derive a transient, bilevel adjoint formulation for analytically computing the design sensitivities. We demonstrate the proposed design framework using a series of two‐dimensional thermomechanical benchmark problems. These examples include design for optimal displacement due to the TWSME, and design for maximum mechanical advantage while accounting for pseudoelasticity.
Clinical communication preferences in cystic fibrosis and strategies to optimize care
Authors: Cooley Laura , Hudson Janella , Potter Eileen , Raymond Katherine F. , George Cynthia , Georgiopoulos Anna M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe importance of optimizing communication between clinicians and individuals and families living with cystic fibrosis (CF) about daily care, adherence, and related psychosocial concerns is well documented. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of interpersonal communication experiences and preferences among individuals and families living with CF as they engage with the clinical team. The study also aimed to reveal opportunities for enhancing future interpersonal communication practices.MethodsFive U.S. CF care centers participated in the following activities: (a) On‐site observation of clinic interactions during outpatient visits; (b) On‐site 1:1 interviews with individuals living with CF, their family members, and CF clinicians; (d) Focus groups conducted in person with CF care team members; (d) Focus groups conducted virtually with adults and family members with CF. Content analysis of transcripts and constant comparative methods were used to identify emergent themes.ResultsFour themes related to participants' needs and preferences for clinic interactions emerged during analysis: (a) eliciting psychosocial concerns, (b) addressing childhood development and transitions, (c) negotiating agendas and sharing decisions, and (d) educating to enhance CF conversations.ConclusionCF clinicians and individuals and families living with CF expressed the need for resources and training to engage in better conversations with each other. Participants identified areas of high priority, including working together around social, psychological, and economic challenges, preparation for transition to adulthood, and sustaining daily care. Findings point to the value of developing advanced communication skills that foster trust‐building, negotiating agendas, active listening, and collaborative goal‐setting.
Interference management for spectral coexistence in a heterogeneous satellite network
Authors: Hajipour Pedram , Shahzadi Ali , Ghazi‐Maghrebi Saeed 
Published: January 2020

SummaryWith the advent of the fifth generation of mobile radio communication by 2020, there will be many challenges such as increasing service demand with low delay in providing billions of end users called the satellite mobile users. It is expected that terrestrial communication systems will be faced with a dense network having many small cells anywhere and anytime. Therefore, there are some remote regions in the world where terrestrial systems cannot provide any services to end users. Furthermore, because of lack of spectral resources, it is very important that the spectrum is shared between satellite systems and terrestrial equipment by a suitable solution to interference management. In this paper, a heterogeneous satellite network that includes low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation and terrestrial equipment is proposed to provide low delay services. In this type of structure, interference management based on transmission power control between LEO satellite systems and mobile users is very important for obtaining high throughput. Moreover, in order to mitigate interference, transmission power control is shown based on noncooperative Stackelberg game under many subgames through pricing‐based algorithm and convex optimization method. Finally, the simulation results show that the performance of this study's system model will be improved through the proposed algorithm.
A balanced ABS system: Stakeholder perception on ABS goals
Authors: Sirakaya Aysegul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe current perception regarding the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol is that the national implementations bring complexities for both the provider countries and users of genetic resources (GR) which result in less willingness to access GR. Users frequently face non‐compliance penalties or public notoriety due to the lack of clarity of access and benefit‐sharing (ABS) obligations. Less access would inevitably result in fewer benefits shared and this vicious cycle would jeopardise the success of the entirety of the ABS system. Therefore, there is an apparent need for a methodology in regulating ABS models in a way that is supportive for both the provider countries and users. This article serves as the introductory part of a comprehensive study on creating a methodology for mutually supportive ABS systems for users and providers by introducing international ABS goals and the stakeholders' (both users and providers) perceptions thereof.
Electrodeposition of Three‐Dimensional Network Nanostructure PEDOT/PANI for Simultaneous Voltammetric Detection of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine and Uric Acid
Authors: Wang Qiangwei , Sun Haobo , Liu Qianrui , Li Lianzhi , Kong Jinming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and polyaniline (PANI) were electrodeposited via cyclic voltammetry (CV) on glass carbon electrode (GCE) layer by layer. The prepared electrode (GCE/PEDOT/PANI) was used for the simultaneous sensitive determination of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) at different oxidation potentials. The peak distances of AA and DA, DA and UA, AA and UA were 216 mV, 104 mV, 320 mV, respectively. For individual detection of AA, DA and UA, the linear ranges were 1×10−4‐1×10−2 M, 3×10−5‐1×10−3 M and 7×10−7‐1×10−4 M with detection limits of 2.42×10−5 M, 4.58×10−6 M and 2.38×10−7 M (S/N=3), respectively. For simultaneous detection of AA, DA, and UA, the linear response ranges were 1×10−4‐1×10−3 M, 3×10−4‐1×10−2 M, and 3×10−6‐1×10−4 M with detection limits of 6.91×10−5 M, 3.66×10−5 M and 4.13×10−7 M (S/N=3), respectively. The GCE/PEDOT/PANI displayed good selectivity, reproducibility and storage stability, and was further applied to the detection of AA, DA, and UA in 5% normal human serum samples.
All‐solution Processed Highly Transparent Silver Nanowires/PEDOT:PSS Conducting Thin Films for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Francis Mathew K , Bhargav Pamula Balaji , Ahmed Nafis , Chandra Balaji , Gnanapraksh Dhakshina Moorthy , Thyagarajan Nivetha , Racchana Ramamurthy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSilver nanowires (AgNWs) are synthesized using rapid synthesis polyol process by keeping polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP): silver nitrate (AgNO3) ratio constant and their effect on the formation of AgNWs is systematically investigated. Morphological properties of synthesised AgNWs are analysed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X‐ray photo‐electron spectroscopy (XPS), UV‐Vis spectroscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. AgNWs with typical average length of 5 μm are grown at higher concentration of AgNO3 (0.08 M). A hybrid transparent conducting electrode (TCE) is fabricated by mixing optimized AgNWs in conducting polymer matrix‐poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and spin coated on to glass substrate. A significant improvement in the transparency in IR region and conductivity is observed in the case of hybrid TCE as compared with PEDOT:PSS TCE. Figure of merit calculations are carried out to evaluate the performance of the fabricated TCEs and the quality of the hybrid film is improved by 5 to 7 times more than that of PEDOT: PSS TCE.
School–Family Partnerships for Culturally Sustaining Texts
Authors: Jennerjohn Anna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEducators of young students who want to invigorate relationships with students’ families and boost student literacy can do so by cocreating culturally sustaining texts. A culturally sustaining text seeks to sustain a reader’s cultures, literacies, and backgrounds. The author shares step‐by‐step instructions on how to make a culturally sustaining text with students and their families using photos from the students’ neighborhoods and a language experience approach. Four major outcomes were found: School personnel increased their understanding of students’ home context, families were more willing to come into school, schools and families built relationships that paved the way for future communication, and students gained a culturally sustaining text to support their literacy learning.
Childhood type 1 diabetes: an environment-wide association study across England
Authors: Sheehan Annalisa , Freni Sterrantino Anna , Fecht Daniela , Elliott Paul , Hodgson Susan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease affecting ~400,000 people across the UK. It is likely that environmental factors trigger the disease process in genetically susceptible individuals. We assessed the associations between a wide range of environmental factors and childhood type 1 diabetes incidence in England, using an agnostic, ecological environment-wide association study (EnWAS) approach, to generate hypotheses about environmental triggers.

Methods
We undertook analyses at the local authority district (LAD) level using a national hospital episode statistics-based incident type 1 diabetes dataset comprising 13,948 individuals with diabetes aged 0–9 years over the period April 2000 to March 2011. We compiled LAD level estimates for a range of potential demographic and environmental risk factors including meteorological, land use and environmental pollution variables. The associations between type 1 diabetes incidence and risk factors were assessed via Poisson regression, disease mapping and ecological regression.

Results
Case counts by LAD varied from 1 to 236 (median 33, interquartile range 24–46). Overall type 1 diabetes incidence was 21.2 (95% CI 20.9, 21.6) per 100,000 individuals. The EnWAS and disease mapping indicated that 15 out of 53 demographic and environmental risk factors were significantly associated with diabetes incidence, after adjusting for multiple testing. These included air pollutants (particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide; all inversely associated), as well as lead in soil, radon, outdoor light at night, overcrowding, population density and ethnicity. Disease mapping revealed spatial heterogeneity in type 1 diabetes risk. The ecological regression found an association between type 1 diabetes and the living environment domain of the Index of Multiple Deprivation (RR 0.995; 95% credible interval [CrI] 0.991, 0.998) and radon potential class (RR 1.044; 95% CrI 1.015, 1.074).

Conclusions/interpretation
Our analysis identifies a range of demographic and environmental factors associated with type 1 diabetes in children in England.