bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction of postmortem CT increases the postmortem examination rate without negatively impacting the rate of traditional autopsy in daily practice: an implementation study
Authors: Mentink Max G , Bakers Frans C H , Mihl Casper , Lahaye Max J , Rennenberg Roger J M W , Latten Bart G H , Kubat Bela , Hofman Paul A M 
Published: July 2020

AimThe aim of this implementation study was to assess the effect of postmortem CT (PMCT) and postmortem sampling (PMS) on (traditional) autopsy and postmortem examination rates. Additionally, the feasibility of PMCT and PMS in daily practice was assessed.MethodsFor a period of 23 months, PMCT and PMS were used as additional modalities to the autopsy at the Department of Internal Medicine. The next of kin provided consent for 123 postmortem examinations. Autopsy rates were derived from the Dutch Pathology Registry, and postmortem examination rates were calculated for the period before, during and after the study period, and the exclusion rate, table time, time interval to informing the referring clinicians with results and the time interval to the Multidisciplinary Mortality Review Board (MMRB) meeting were objectified to assess the feasibility.ResultsThe postmortem examination rate increased (from 18.8% to 32.5%, p<0.001) without a decline in the autopsy rate. The autopsy rate did not change substantially after implementation (0.2% decrease). The exclusion rate was 2%, the table time was 23 min, and a median time interval of 4.1 hours between PMCT and discussing its results with the referring clinicians was observed. Additionally, more than 80% of the MMRB meetings were held within 8 weeks after the death of the patient.ConclusionsOur study shows that the implementation of a multidisciplinary postmortem examination is feasible in daily practice and does not adversely affect the autopsy rate, while increasing the postmortem examination rate.
Cardiac magnetic resonance systematically overestimates mitral regurgitations by the indirect method
Authors: Bertelsen Litten , Vejlstrup Niels , Andreasen Laura , Olesen Morten Salling , Svendsen Jesper Hastrup 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveCardiac MRI is quickly emerging as the gold standard for assessment of mitral regurgitation, most commonly with the indirect method subtracting forward flow in aorta from volumetric segmentation of the left ventricle. We aimed to investigate how aortic flow measurements with increasing distance from the aortic valve affect calculated mitral regurgitations and whether measurements were influenced by breath-hold regimen.MethodsFree-breathing and breath-hold phase contrast flows were measured in aorta at valve level, sinotubular (ST) junction, mid-ascending aorta and in the pulmonary trunk. Flow measurements were pairwise compared, and subsequently, after exclusion of patients with visible mitral and tricuspid regurgitations for left-sided and right-sided comparisons, respectively, flow-measured stroke volumes were compared with ventricular volumetric segmentations.ResultsThirty-nine participants without arrhythmias or structural abnormalities of the large vessels were included. Stroke volumes measured with free-breathing and breath-hold flow decreased equally with increasing distance to the aortic valves (breath-hold flow: aortic valve 105.6±20.8 mL, ST junction 101.5±20.7 mL, mid-ascending aorta 98.1±21.5 mL). After exclusion of atrioventricular regurgitations, stroke volumes determined by volumetric measurements were higher compared with values determined by flow measurements, corresponding to ‘false’ atrioventricular regurgitations of 8.0%±5.8% with flow measured at valve level, 11.6%±5.2% at the ST junction and 15.3%±5.0% at the mid-ascending aorta.ConclusionsStroke volumes determined by flow decrease throughout the proximal aorta and are systematically lower than volumetrically measured stroke volumes. The indirect method systematically overestimates mitral regurgitations, especially with increasing distance from the aortic valves.
Ultrasound detection of iatrogenic injury during peribulbar eye block: a cadaveric study
Authors: Sadler Amy , McLeod Graeme , McHardy Paul G , Wilkinson Tracey 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundOphthalmic eye blocks, such as retrobulbar, peribulbar and sub-Tenon’s, are traditionally conducted “blind”. Complications are rare but potentially devastating. Life-threatening complications include brain stem anesthesia and local anesthetic toxicity, whereas sight-threatening complications include globe perforation, optic nerve damage and ocular muscle damage. Ultrasound permits a view of orbital structures and can be used to guide needle placement. The ultrasound appearances of unintended local anesthetic injection into vital orbital structures have not been documented. This study aimed to record the ultrasound appearances of unintended injection locations.MethodsThe spherical shape of the eyeballs of three soft-fix Thiel embalmed human cadavers were restored using glycerol. Iatrogenic injury in peribulbar block was then simulated through injection of printers’ ink mixed with Thiel embalming fluid. Ultrasound was used to guide the needles and the tips were redirected to lie within the globe, lateral rectus and optic nerve. Ultrasound images were recorded during injection. The orbital cavities were then dissected via a superior approach to record the location and extent of injectate spread.ResultsReal-time globe rupture, ocular muscle injection and optic nerve injection were visible using ultrasound. Characteristic appearances were identified in each case. Dissection confirmed needle and injection placement.ConclusionsThe ultrasound appearance of block complications is important to document and should be an integral part of regional anesthesia training. This study is the first to provide such images for ophthalmic nerve blocks. It offers ophthalmic anesthetists and ophthalmologists the potential to diagnose severe complications rapidly and accurately with a potential impact on patient safety.
Defining adult e-cigarette prevalence: comparing a categorical definition with days of use
Authors: Boyle Raymond G , Richter Sara , St. Claire Ann W 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionElectronic cigarette use has grown substantially and the health effects are being closely monitored. Tracking the evolving market place and the profile of adult users is important for tobacco control efforts; however, several different ways of measuring current use have been reported. This paper examines how well a categorical definition aligns with days of use.MethodsData from the 2018 Minnesota Adult Tobacco Survey assessed e-cigarette use based on days of use in the past month and currently using ‘every day, some days, or not at all’. Prevalence of current use and agreement of >1, >5 and >20 days of use with every day or some days were calculated.ResultsThe prevalence of e-cigarette use varied by category of use from 2.4% (≥20 days/30) to 6.0% (≥1 day/30). The highest prevalence was found among young adults reporting any use in the past 30 days (21.9%). Never smokers had low prevalence overall; however, 4.4% reported using in the past 30 days. Using at least 1 day in the past 30 days included a higher proportion of young adults (p<0.001) and never smokers (p<0.001) compared with other current use categories. Compared with every day or some days, the per cent agreement with days of use categories ranged from 89.7% to 94.4% and kappa ranged from 0.60 to 0.81.ConclusionsPrevalence and sociodemographics varied by definition of use. Asking ‘every day, some days or not at all’ in population-based studies has the advantage of aligning with cigarette smoking current use definition.
Does $$\varLambda $$CDM really be in tension with the Hubble diagram data?
Authors: Mehrabi Ahmad , Basilakos Spyros 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, we elaborate further on the $$\varLambda $$ΛCDM “tension”, suggested recently by the authors Lusso et al. (Astron Astrophys 628:L4, 2019) and Risaliti and Lusso (Nat Astron 3(3):272, 2019). We combine Supernovae type Ia (SNIa) with quasars (QSO) and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB) data in order to reconstruct in a model independent way the Hubble relation to as high redshifts as possible. Specifically, in the case of either SNIa or SNIa/QSO data we find that the current values of the cosmokinetic parameters extracted from the Gaussian process are consistent with those of $$\varLambda $$ΛCDM. Including GRBs in the analysis we find a tension, which lies between $$2\sigma $$2σ and $$3\sigma $$3σ levels respectively. Finally, we find that at high redshifts ($$z>1$$z>1) the corresponding cosmokinetic parameters significantly deviate from those of $$\varLambda $$ΛCDM, hence the possibility of new Physics is not precluded by the present analysis.
Sírios e congoleses homens e mulheres refugiados no Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Márcio De 
Published: July 2020

O tema do refúgio não é novo no Brasil, menos ainda no mundo. Analisando dados de pesquisa realizada com 487 refugiados residentes hoje em oito estados brasileiros, apresentamos análise sobre o perfil socioeconômico, dimensões de processos integrativos e perspectivas futuras dentre sírios e congoleses homens e mulheres, egressos dos dois maiores grupos dentre as mais de 80 nacionalidades reconhecidas pelo Estado brasileiro. Inicialmente, procuramos medir o impacto da não declaração de gênero por parte dos informantes, dividindo-os em “gênero declarantes” e “gênero não-declarantes”, quando foi possível estabelecer que a não declaração de gênero não alterou os indicadores de formação escolar e renda. Em seguida, analisamos apenas o grupo dos “gênero-declarantes”, diferenciando-os por gênero. Notou-se mais atos de discriminação racial entre congoleses independente do sexo e entre as mulheres sírias. Não obstante isso, ambos grupos apresentam características similares em relação ao seu perfil socioeconômico, integração e perspectivas futuras. Apesar das inúmeras dificuldades cotidianas, demonstram interesse em permanecer no Brasil e se integrar politicamente.
Splanchnic Venous Compression Enhances the Effects of ß‐Blockade in the Treatment of Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
Authors: Smith Emily C. , Diedrich André , Raj Satish R. , Gamboa Alfredo , Shibao Cyndya A. , Black Bonnie K. , Peltier Amanda , Paranjape Sachin Y. , Biaggioni Italo , Okamoto Luis E. 
Published: July 2020

Background

Splanchnic venous pooling induced by upright posture triggers a compensatory increase in heart rate (
HR
), a response that is exaggerated in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome. To assess whether abdominal compression attenuates orthostatic tachycardia and improves symptoms, 18 postural tachycardia syndrome patients (32±2 years) were randomized to receive either abdominal compression (40 mm Hg applied with an inflatable binder ≈2 minutes before standing) or propranolol (20 mg) in a placebo‐controlled, crossover study.

Methods and Results

Systolic blood pressure,
HR
, and symptoms were assessed while seated and standing, before and 2 hours postdrug. As expected, propranolol decreased standing
HR
compared with placebo (81±2 versus 98±4 beats per minute;
P
<0.001) and was associated with lower standing systolic blood pressure (93±2 versus 100±2 mm Hg for placebo;
P
=0.002). Compression had no effect on standing
HR
(96±4 beats per minute) but increased standing systolic blood pressure compared with placebo and propranolol (106±2 mm Hg;
P
<0.01). Neither propranolol nor compression improved symptoms compared with placebo. In 16 patients we compared the combination of abdominal compression and propranolol with propranolol alone. The combination had no additional effect on standing
HR
(81±2 beats per minute for both interventions) but prevented the decrease in standing systolic blood pressure produced by propranolol (98±2 versus 93±2 mm Hg for propranolol;
P
=0.029), and significantly improved total symptom burden (−6±2 versus −1±2 for propranolol;
P
=0.041).

Conclusions

Splanchnic venous compression alone did not improve
HR
or symptoms but prevented the blood pressure decrease produced by propranolol. The combination was more effective in improving symptoms than either alone. Splanchnic venous compression can be a useful adjuvant therapy to propranolol in postural tachycardia syndrome.

Registration

URL
:
https://www.clini​caltr​ials.gov
; Unique identifier:
NCT
00262470.
Dancing with Empty Water Bottles at L’ Afrique a un incroyable talent, Brought to You by Nestlé
Authors: Kohl Marie-Anne 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Departing from a close reading of a particular performance to examplify localisation processes of the global Reality TV talent show format, this paper offers an analysis of the relationship between talent shows and patronage. Based on a concrete music and dance performance analysis, it further contributes to the more general discussion of transnational format trade and format adaptation by putting a focus on the entanglement of patronage, intervention and transformation. The analysis of the performance in question addresses how the musicians and dancers approached a concrete problem by creating a sense of belonging, involvement and disorientation through aesthetic means. With their critical stance, they position themselves in a specific local performing arts tradition, which itself is connected to earlier theatre and TV talent contests. Referring to the concept of glocalisation, I suggest that local topics of critique and intervention are part of the localising effect of the Reality TV talent show format.
An In Vitro Evaluation of Frictional Characteristics of Labial and Lingual Self-ligating Brackets with Various Archwire Alloys
Authors: Sahany Subrat Kumar , Kumar G. Sreejith 
Published: July 2020

Background: An understanding of bracket slot–archwire interface is imperative for biomechanical effectiveness in orthodontic sliding mechanics and hence the aim of the study is to evaluate frictional properties of lingual self-ligating brackets comparing with conventional lingual and labial self-ligating brackets using three different archwire alloys in various environments. Materials and Methods: This in vitro study compared the frictional force of labial and lingual self-ligating and conventional lingual brackets with stainless steel, TMA, and Cr-Co alloy archwires of 0.017” × 0.025” dimension in dry and wet conditions. Frictional forces were evaluated in a simulated half arch fixed appliance using a testing machine. Static and kinetic friction were measured and analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANNOVA) test and post hoc Duncan multiple range test. The effects of brackets and archwires in dry and wet conditions were analyzed by three-way variance (ANNOVA) test. Result: The maximum frictional forces were observed with labial self-ligating brackets followed by lingual conventional brackets and the least by lingual self-ligating brackets. Of all the wires tested, TMA wires had the maximum frictional forces followed by Co-Cr and stainless steel. In both conditions, the values were non-significant with all bracket–wire combinations except with Co-Cr and TMA wires. Conclusions: Varied amount of frictional force was shown by the brackets and wires with highest by labial self-ligating bracket, followed by lingual conventional and lingual self-ligating brackets. TMA wires experienced higher friction followed by Co-Cr and stainless steel with minimum friction.
Use of new-generation hybrid contact lenses for managing challenging corneas
Authors: Harbiyeli Ibrahim Inan , Erdem Elif , Isik Puren , Yagmur Meltem , Ersoz Reha 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of new-generation hybrid contact lenses (HCL) among patients with irregular astigmatism. Methods: Medical records of 25 patients fit with new-generation HCL (Eyebrid® and AirFlex®) were retrospectively reviewed. The data collected included etiology of irregular astigmatism, uncorrected visual acuity, manifest refraction, spectacle-corrected visual acuity (S-CDVA), steep / flat keratometric values, corneal astigmatism, records of rigid / soft CL fitted before HCL, all parameters of the trial lenses, and the final prescribed HCL parameters and HCL-CDVA. Results: The study included 34 eyes from 25 patients (nine females and 16 males) with an average age of 29 ± 13 (ranging from 8–56) years. In total, 25 eyes with keratoconus, four with post - keratoplasty astigmatism, three with irregular astigmatism due to corneal trauma and two with residual astigmatism after radial keratotomy were fit with HCL. The mean S-CDVA (logMAR) improved significantly from 0.76 ± 0.41 to 0.14 ± 0.15 with HCL ( p < 0.01). The most common indication for HCL was inability to fit with rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses (22 eyes). The average number of lenses to successful fit was 1.4 (mode, 1; median, 1) and ideal fit was achieved with the first trial lens in 25 eyes (73%). Seven patients (nine eyes, 36%) discontinued lens use within the first 6 months because of discomfort (six eyes, 24%), ocular allergy (two eyes, 8%) and tearing of contact lens (one eye, 4%). Discussion: New-generation HCL may be a suitable option for fitting challenging corneas with irregular astigmatism that cannot be rehabilitated efficiently with rigid lenses.
Transitioning from a coronary to a critical cardiovascular care unit: trends over the past three decades
Authors: Ferrer Marc , García-García Cosme , El Ouaddi Nabil , Rueda Ferran , Serra Jordi , Oliveras Teresa , Labata Carlos , Dégano Irene R , Montero Santiago , De Diego Oriol , Elosúa Roberto , Lupón Josep , Bayes-Genis Antoni ,   the RUTI-ICCU Study
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Coronary care units were established in the 1960s to reduce acute-phase mortality in acute coronary syndrome. In the 21st century, the original coronary care unit concept has evolved into an intensive cardiovascular care unit. The aim of this study was to analyse trend changes in characteristics and mortality of patients admitted to a coronary care unit over the past three decades.

Method
Between February 1989 and December 2017, a total of 18,334 patients was consecutively admitted to the coronary care unit of a university hospital in Barcelona. Data were analysed in five time frames: 1989–1994, 1995–1999, 2000–2004, 2005–2009 and 2010–2017. We analysed demographic profile, diagnoses at admission and trend changes in mortality across periods.

Results
During the periods, the patients’ ages and comorbidities increased. Diagnoses at admission have evolved. Acute coronary syndrome cases declined from the first to the last period (72.6% vs. 62.8%) while heart failure (6.0% vs. 8.6%) and malignant arrhythmias (0.8% vs. 4.0%) increased significantly. Overall, coronary care unit mortality decreased 34% from the first to the last period (6.8% vs. 4.5%, P&lt;0.001). Furthermore, the cause of death has changed, those due to acute coronary syndrome declining (66.7% vs. 45.5%), and death from malignant arrhythmias increasing (1.9% vs. 16.2%) from the first to the last period.

Conclusions
Although acute coronary syndrome remained the main diagnosis, heart failure and arrhythmias have increased. Despite the aging and comorbidities, overall mortality in the coronary care unit decreased by 34% in the past three decades. Deaths due to acute coronary syndrome have declined, whereas those due to malignant arrhythmias have increased.
Facial Landmark Reconstruction with a Combination of Local Flaps: A Novel Technique for Landmark Destruction
Authors: Wang Xiaobing , Pei Jie , Zhang Baolin 
Published: July 2020

Background: Various methods of landmark reconstruction have been discussed in medical literature, but few describe defects involving the rim of the landmark. For landmark malposition, such as eyelid ectropion, borders are abnormally elongated by scar contracture. The reconstruction should thus restore both the cutaneous defect and the anatomical structure. We suggest the combination of local flaps via end-to-end connection and transposition for facial landmark reconstruction. Patients: Ten patients who had facial landmark malpositions caused by scar contractions, and 5 patients who had landmark defects, were successfully treated using this combination flap technique. Among the 15 patients, landmark malposition repairs of the nasal ala, nasal columella, eyelid margin, Cupid’s bow, and eyebrow were performed. Results: Most flaps survived without complications; one procedure resulted in the cutaneous tip developing necrosis, which was successfully healed within 2 weeks of conservative treatment. The landmark was reconstructed with aesthetics in mind, and no subsequent scar contracture was observed. After a 6- to 14-month follow-up period, successful landmark reconstruction had been achieved in all 15 patients via a single-stage procedure. Conclusion: A combination of local flaps is a viable option for facial landmark reconstruction in selected patients having landmark rim destruction.
Synthetic repurposing of drugs against hypertension: a datamining method based on association rules and a novel discrete algorithm
Authors: Masoudi-Sobhanzadeh Yosef , Masoudi-Nejad Ali 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Drug repurposing aims to detect the new therapeutic benefits of the existing drugs and reduce the spent time and cost of the drug development projects. The synthetic repurposing of drugs may prove to be more useful than the single repurposing in terms of reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy. However, the researchers have not given it serious consideration. To address the issue, a novel datamining method is introduced and applied to repositioning of drugs for hypertension (HT) which is a serious medical condition and needs some improved treatment plans to help treat it.

Results
A novel two-step data mining method, which is based on the If-Then association rules as well as a novel discrete optimization algorithm, was introduced and applied to the synthetic repurposing of drugs for HT. The required data were also extracted from DrugBank, KEGG, and DrugR+ databases. The findings indicated that based on the different statistical criteria, the proposed method outperformed the other state-of-the-art approaches. In contrast to the previously proposed methods which had failed to discover a list on some datasets, our method could find a combination list for all of them.

Conclusion
Since the proposed synthetic method uses medications in small dosages, it might revive some failed drug development projects and put forward a suitable plan for treating different diseases such as COVID-19 and HT. It is also worth noting that applying efficient computational methods helps to produce better results.