bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homogeneous Deformation of Native Erythrocytes During Long-Term Storage
Authors: Manchenko E. A. , Kozlova E. K. , Sergunova V. A. , Chernysh A. M. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose of the study — to evaluate biomechanical regularities of deep deformation of native erythrocytes’ membranes during long-term (up to 32 days) storage of erythrocyte suspension.Materials and methods. The method for addressing the said problem was atomic-force spectroscopy. The measured value was hHz comprizing the depth to which the probe immersion process was described by interaction with a homogeneous medium. Empirical and theoretical dependence of the interaction force F (nN) on the probe immersion depth h (nm) — F (h) were obtained. Bar charts of relative frequency density of Young’s modulus E were built.Results. Modulus E changed from 9.3±3.2 kPa — for 3 days of storage, to 22.7±8.7 kPa — for 32 days. Coefficients of skewness were 0.52±0.04 (for day 3) and 0.82±0.09 (for day 32 d), hHz value remaining constant.Conclusion. Progressively as erythrocyte suspension was stored, erythrocyte membranes to the depth of 700 nm deflected homogeneously in spite of 2.4-fold increase of Young’s modulus.
Liver Diseases and the Hemostasis (Rewiew) Part 1. Non-Cholestatic Diseases of the Liver and Hemostasis
Authors: Reshetnyak V. I. , Maev I. V. , Reshetnyak T. M. , Zhuravel S. V. , Pisarev V. M. 
Published: November 2019

In liver diseases, most commonly in the terminal stage of liver failure, a variety of hemostatic defects affecting almost all parts of the blood coagulation system are developing. This leads to diminishing the capabilities of patients with liver diseases to correctly maintain the hemostatic balance.The severity of hemostatic disorders depends on the nosological form and degree of a liver damage. Depending on the imbalance of the hemostasis system and accumulated clinical/laboratory data, patients with liver diseases can be subdivided into three groups as exhibiting: 1. non-cholestatic liver damage; 2. cholestatic liver damage and 3. liver damage of vascular origin.The first part of the review discusses multiple alterations in the hemostasis system in patients with noncholestatic liver diseases, which are commonly accompanied by hypocoagulation.
Subacromial corticosteroid injection versus subcutaneous 5% dextrose in patients with chronic rotator cuff tendinopathy: A short-term randomized clinical trial
Authors: Amanollahi Asadollah , Asheghan Mahsa , Hashemi Seyed Ebrahim 
Published: November 2019

AimThe aim of this study is to compare subcutaneous 5% dextrose versus subacromial corticosteroid injection for the treatment of chronic rotator cuff tendinopathy.MethodsWe carried out a randomized clinical trial with two parallel groups at a university hospital. Overall, 57 (32 women) were included in two groups of corticosteroid (n = 29) and dextrose (n = 28). The mean pain score was 6.6 (1.0). We used a visual analog scale for pain and goniometry for the range of motion. The measurements were repeated 1 month after the interventions. For corticosteroid, a single injection of triamcinolone and 1% lidocaine, and for dextrose, a mixture of 5% dextrose and 2% lidocaine three times weekly were prescribed.ResultsBoth interventions were effective in decreasing pain compared to the baseline (bothp < 0.001). The difference in pain between the two groups was nearly significant 1-month post-intervention (p = 0.052). The comparison of the two groups in considerable pain reduction (≥2.8) was in favor of dextrose (p = 0.046). The differences in the range of motion were not conclusive. None of the participants reported an important adverse effect.ConclusionThe 5% dextrose treatment is at least as effective as corticosteroid for reducing pain in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy.
Célhőmérséklet a tartós újraélesztés utáni komplex intenzív kezelés során. Állásfoglalás az enyhe terápiás hypothermia mellett
Authors: Zima Endre 
Published: November 2019

Abstract: If the patient undergoes a long-term resuscitation or remains comatose as part of the post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS), organ-specific intensive care is urged to aim hemodynamic stabilisation, normalisation of organ perfusion and prevention of injuries at cellular level. One of the basic measures of PCAS intensive care is to prevent hypoxic brain injury by mild therapeutic hypothermia (THT). The physiological changes of the human body at hypothermic conditions require high level monitoring and specially focused intensive care limiting its implementation. The multicentric, controlled, randomized targeted temperature management (TTM) trial published in 2013 compared the TTM against the THT in the treatment of PCAS patients. The equal outcome of the 2 methods has partly changed the practice of the intensivists in the treatment of such patients. This manuscript gives the pros and cons for each therapeutic method in post-resuscitation therapy. Nevertheless, the author shows the possible implementations and the DRG (diagnosis-related group) reimbursement of the method in Hungary. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(46): 1840–1844.
Курение как фактор сокращения ожидаемой продолжительности жизни в России
Authors: Кузнецова Полина Олеговна 
Published: November 2019

Курение является важным фактором предотвратимой смертности в России. Согласно расчетам автора с использованием международных оценок относительных рисков смертности и российских данных о распространенности курения, самооценке здоровья и смертности по причинам смерти в 2017 г. продолжительность жизни курильщиков по сравнению с никогда не курившими была на 5,2-5,3 года ниже, а продолжительность здоровой жизни – на 2,6-3,2 года ниже.
Начиная с 2005 г. значения показателей смертности, вызванной курением (количество смертей, стандартизованные коэффициенты смертности), стабильно снижались, в целом повторяя изменения смертности от всех причин, происходившие в этот период. Однако данные по всему населению скрывают существенные гендерные различия: основное снижение табачной смертности происходило среди мужчин. Эпидемия табакокурения среди мужчин началась раньше и сейчас находится на более зрелой стадии (спад) по сравнению с женской (стагнация или даже рост для отдельных групп).
С 2004 по 2017 г. продолжительность жизни курящих женщин выросла заметно больше (более чем на полтора года), чем для некурящих, хотя для мужчин подобной тенденции не наблюдалось. Декомпозиция различий в продолжительности жизни между курящими и некурящими показывает, что преимущество некурящих женщин в основном сократилось в возрастном диапазоне от 50 до 69 лет и вызвано преимущественно изменением смертности от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. У мужчин аналогичное сокращение преимущества некурящих по сравнению с курильщиками приходится на более молодые возраста (от 40 до 64 лет). В более поздних возрастах некурящие компенсируют свое отставание в приросте ожидаемой продолжительности жизни (ОПЖ), однако, поскольку для женщин данный эффект проявляется позже, его влияния оказывается недостаточно и общий прирост ОПЖ курящих женщин в изучаемом периоде оказывается выше.
Основные факторы миграции и структура мигрантов в посткоммунистической Грузии
Authors: Сулаберидзе Автандил , Арчвадзе Иосиф , Сулаберидзе Владимир 
Published: November 2019

Неуклонный рост эмиграции в посткоммунистический период (1992-2014 гг.) в условиях нулевого естественного прироста населения оказал значительное влияние на социально-демографическое и экономическое развитие страны. Начиная с 1992 г., численность населения Грузии сократилась почти на 1/3 и к 2018 г. составила 3,7 млн человек.
Из многих факторов эмиграции из Грузии определяющими были три: первый – этническая миграция – возвращение после распада Советского Союза на свою историческую родину сотен тысяч представителей других национальностей, живших в Грузии, в результате чего доля грузин в общей численности населения в 1989-2017 гг. выросла с 69,7 до 86,8% (в том числе в пределах подконтрольной в настоящее время Тбилиси территории – с 73,2% до 86,8%); второй – эмиграция большой массы беженцев с потерянных территорий (Абхазская АР и Юго-Осетинская АО); третий – социально-экономический коллапс, переживаемый Грузией в тот период.
Высокий уровень эмиграции вызвал заметную деформацию половозрастной структуры населения. Приблизительно на 8 лет увеличился медианный возраст населения. Из множества аспектов миграции следует обратить особое внимание на рост женской (хотя преобладание мужчин среди эмигрантов сохраняется) и студенческой (молодежной) эмиграции заграницу. В последние годы систематически растет образовательный ценз эмигрантов, из-за чего все более насущной и острой становится проблема «утечки мозгов».
Важным носителем импульса потенциальной эмиграции является почти половина (48%) студенческой молодежи, которая в ближайшие 5 лет хотела бы выехать заграницу для получения достойного образования и желаемой работы.
The effect of antenatal corticosteroids on maternal glycemic control, in a tertiary care centre in North Kerala
Authors: B. Beena , K. Libu G. , S. Akhila M. , Chandran Jyothi 
Published: November 2019

Background: Antenatal glucocorticoid therapy (ACT) can be life-saving in preterm babies and risk of PTL is increasing in. The prevalence of GDM also increasing. Virtually, all women will experience deterioration in their glycaemic control following ACT. The NICE guideline recommends additional insulin and the national Indian guidelines recommend a 20% increase. Objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in maternal serum glucose following corticosteroids in antenatal women.Methods: Prospective controlled trial of 206 patients, divided into 2 groups. Group 1:105 patients with no GDM and Group 2: 101 patients with GDM. Ethical committee approved. FBS and PPBS measured for following 5 days of D1. BMI and starting dose of insulin and dose of insulin hike were recorded. FBS >90 mg/dL and PPBS >120 mg/dL were taken as abnormal. Data were analyzed using SPSSV22.Results: There were a total of 206 of which 105 were in group 1(51%) and 101(49%) were in Group 2. FBS >90 mg/dL in over 65% of all women on D2 10 new cases on D3 and PPBS >120 mg/dL in over 66% of all women on D2 and 13 new cases on D3. Insulin was started in a total of 66 patients of 105 (62.9%) in Group 1 and 33 out of 40 (82.5%) in GDM on MNT. Of the 66 patients who started on insulin in Group 1, 17 (16.2%) patients had to continue insulin and out of 33. In MNT subgroup 10 (25%) had to continue. BMI was high in the patients, who was given and continued insulin.Conclusions: The findings support the concept of increasing the dose of insulin even before the hyperglycemia documented. In the Group 1 66 of 105 patients were started on insulin due to hyperglycemia and 17 had to continue insulin 25.7%), and 33 of 40 patients in GDM on MNT were started on insulin and 10 (30.33%) had to continue. We suggest testing all patients for hyperglycemia and to start insulin especially in the those with high BMI (>25 as per the Asian Indian).
POLLUTION MANAGEMENT THROUGH INTERNET OF THINGS: A SUBSTANTIAL SOLUTION FOR SOCIETY
Authors: Singh Gulbir , Kumar Gautam , Bhatnagar Vivek , Srivastava Animesh , Jyoti Kumari 
Published: November 2019

Purpose of Study: In this age where population and industrialization have extended exponentially, contamination is a noteworthy emergency looked by humanity and essential measures ought to be taken to control it quickly. High levels of pollutants in the atmosphere, which are responsible for causing pollution that causes human heart problems, breathing and other all health problems to our society. This paper focused to provide a substantial solution to pollution in our society as a result of which major social, personal health and environmental pollution problems can be monitored and by taking effective steps they can be reduced.
Methodology: The proposed framework is an IOT unit for handling these issues, including powerful use of the different sensor, to capture the estimations of various sorts of toxins in the earth and show insights on a site which can be gotten to by all clients for nothing. The research data is collected from the different sensors installed at different locations in our surroundings. After collecting data from sensors, a comparative study of data is carried out with the standards provided by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).
Results: The proposed system helps to reduce the pollution in our environment and as a result of which pollution can be reduced by taking major steps towards it.
Application/Implications: The framework we are proposing is a propelled answer for observing the ecological contamination at a specific spot and make data available for each person.
Novelty/originality of the study: Our proposed system ensures that pollution which ultimately causes health, environmental and other social problems can be tracked from time to time and each and every person in the society can track and check pollution level in their surroundings.
EFFECTS OF SOIL VISCOSITY, SOIL TEMPERATURE, AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY ON PLANTS GROWTH SOWN IN SOIL PREPARED FROM LABORATORY CHEMICAL WASTE
Authors: Rai Preeti , Chatrath Harsha 
Published: November 2019

Purpose of the study: The primary purpose of this study is to find out the effect of change in soil viscosity, soil temperature, and specific gravity on growth of plants sown in the soil prepared from laboratory chemical waste collected from an educational institute and with the plants sown in average soil.
Methodology: Three-three pots with different soil combinations mixed with solid and liquid chemical waste have been used for growing A. barbadensis Mill, Saussurea obvallata, and Lilium plants. Observations were made every fifteen days for three months by checking plant height, the number of leaves, the color of leaves, and soil temperature for understanding and comparing plant growth with respect to variation in temperature. Later on, density and viscosity of soils have also been checked with specific gravity bottle and viscometer help.
Main Findings: Plants' growth differs with variation in soil viscosity, soil temperature, and soil density. All plants cannot grow potentially at the same temperature, viscosity, and density. A. barbadensis Mill A4 has shown better growth with the least viscosity and highest particle density of soil. Saussurea obvallata BK1 has shown better growth with the least viscosity and least particle density of soil. Lilium L1 has shown better growth with all the moderate values of soil.
Applications of this study: This study helped to understand that all the plants have their requirements of nutrients, nutrition, and physical factors for their growth. The study also helped to understand that although the soil has taken initially is the same, viscosity and density of the soil changes due to the plants grown in it.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The use of chemical wastes is taken into consideration instead of fertilizers to reduce pollution.
Time to viral load suppression and its associated factors in cohort of patients taking antiretroviral treatment in East Shewa Zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia, 2018
Authors: Ali Jemal H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background A key goal of ART is to achieve and maintain durable viral suppression. Thus, the most important use of the viral load measurement is to monitor the effectiveness of therapy after initiation of ART. The main objective of the study was to determine the time for virological suppression and its associated factors among people living with HIV taking antiretroviral treatments in East Shewa Zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia. Methods: Patients diagnosed with Human Immunodeficiency Virus presenting to the study health centers between October 3, 2011 and March 1, 2013 were included in the study given the following criteria: age 18 years or greater, eligible to start ART. All patients with baseline viral load measurement were included in the study. Interaction between explanatory variables with the response variable was analyzed by using cross tab features of SPSS, IBM Inc. Significance group comparison was done by Kaplan Meier log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard model was used to select significant factors to the variability between groups. Result : Plasma viral load was suppressed below the detection level in 72% of individuals taking different regimen of ART. The median HIV-1 plasma viral load in the cohort was estimated to be log 5.3111 copies/ml. Survival curve difference was observed in the category of marital status (p- value 0.023) and baseline CD4 value (p- value 0.023). The estimated median time to PVL suppression was 181days (CI: 140.5-221.4) with the age group of 30-39years having minimum time to achieve suppression with 92 days (CI: 60.1-123.8) and the maximum time required to reach the level was found among the age group between 50-59 years. Conclusion : The estimated time to achieve PVL after taking ART was found to be 181 days. Factors affecting time to suppression level was marital status and baseline CD4. Keywords: Viral load, ART, Ethiopia, Suppression, HIV
Recombinant cold shock domain containing protein is a potential antigen to detect specific antibody during early and late infections of Haemonchus contortus in goat
Authors: Naqvi Muhammad Ali-ul-Husnain , Aimulajiang KaLiBiXiaTi , Memon Muhammad Ali , Hasan Muhammad Waqqas , Naqvi Sana Zahra , Lakho Shakeel Ahmed , Chu Wen , Xu Lixin , Song Xiaokai , Li XiangRui , Yan RuoFeng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus) is the most abundant nematode causing haemonchosis with major economic losses to the small ruminant industry farming worldwide. Effective prognosis and treatment depend upon the early diagnosis of H. contortus infection. To date, no widely-approved methods are available to identify prepatent H. contortus infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of recombinant cold shock H. contortus protein (rHc-CS) during early and late infections of H .contortus in goat. Results: Purified rHc-CS exhibited a clear band, with a molecular weight about 38 kDa. Fecal egg count technique was unable to detect H. contortus eggs in feces collected between 0 and 14 days post infection. Eggs were detected at 21, 28 and 35 days post infection. However, Specific anti rHc-CS antibodies were detectable in sera of all infected goats during early stage (2nd week of infection) and late stage (3rd to 14th week of infection) using immunoblotting assay. Furthermore, no cross reactivity was observed against most commonly found helminths (Trichinella spiralis, Fasciola hepatica, and Toxoplasma gondii) and uninfected goats. The format variables for rHc-CS indirect-ELISA were optimized. The optimum antigen coating concentration was found 0.28μg/well at 37℃ 1h and overnight at 4°C. Optimum dilution ratio of serum and rabbit anti-goat IgG was recorded 1:100 and 1:4000 respectively. The best blocking buffer was 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the best time for blocking, serum incubation and TMB reaction was recorded as 60, 120 and 10 minutes respectively. The cut-off value for positive and negative interpretation was determined as 0.352 (OD450). The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of the rHc-CS, both were recorded 100%. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that rHc-CS is a potential immunodiagnostic antigen to detect specific antibodies at early and late H. contortus infections in goat.
Seroprevalence of Brucella Infection and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Receiving Antenatal Care around Human, Wildlife and Livestock Interface in Ngorongoro Ecosystem, Northern Tanzania. A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Makala Robert , Majigo Mtebe Venance , Bwire George M. , Kibwana Upendo , Mirambo Mariam M. , Joachim Agricola 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals, animal products or consumption of infected dairy products. Brucella infection during pregnancy is of special interest due to associated adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study determined the seroprevalence and factors associated with Brucella infection among pregnant women around the human-wildlife-livestock interface area in Ngorongoro Ecosystem, Northern Tanzania. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted between May and June 2018 at six health facilities that provide antenatal services. Pregnant women receiving antenatal care were invited to participate. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics in addition to behavior and practices related to the occurrence of human brucellosis. The presence of serum immunoglobulin against Brucella was determined using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). The positive samples were further assayed for the presence of IgG and IgM using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay. Bivariate analysis was conducted to determine the variables associated with Brucella seropositivity. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors independently associations with Brucella seropositivity after adjustment for other explanatory variables. Results A total of 313 participants were enrolled in the study. The overall seroprevalence of Brucella infection was 10.9 % (34/313) determined by RBPT. Of 34 positive individuals, 27(79.4%) and 8(23.5%) were positive in the ELISA specific for IgG and IgM Brucella antibodies respectively. Preference for raw animal blood (AOR 4.45, 95 % CI 1.5–12.9, p = 0.01), raw meat (AOR 7.59, 95 % CI 1.6 – 35.4, p = 0.01) and fresh milk (AOR 3.76, 95 % CI 1.2–11.5, p = 0.02), increased the odds of being infected with Brucella. Regular contact with manure and contact with the placenta were not statistically associated with Brucella seropositivity after adjustment. Conclusion This study has found that brucellosis is an important public health problem among pregnant women in areas with interactions of humans; livestock and wildlife. The risk of infection increased with the preference of raw foodstuffs like animal blood, meat, and milk. We emphasize the need for interventional strategies to reduce the risk of exposure
Nutrition knowledge and Attitude in Medical Students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2017-2018
Authors: Dolatkhah Neda , Aghamohammadi Dawood , Khalili Azizeh Farshbaf , Hajifaraji Majid , Hashemian Maryam , Esmaeili Sepideh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objectives: In this cross-sectional study among 220 medical students we aimed to determine the nutritional knowledge and attitude of medical students through clinical training courses (externship and internship) of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. A nutritional knowledge questionnaire included 51 questions was used to determine the correct, perceived and accuracy of knowledge of the participant in different aspects of nutrition sciences. The nutrition attitude questionnaire included 30 questions. Both questionnaires were confirmed in terms of the validity and reliability for assessing nutritional knowledge and attitude in this sample of Iranian medical students. Nutritional knowledge and attitude were calculated as percentage of correct or appropriate responses. Results: The correct knowledge was not significantly different among externs and interns (68.20±7.50% and 67.87±6.04% respectively, p=0.729). Results showed that most of the participants (49.61% of externs and 57.14% of inters) had a poor nutritional knowledge, significantly varied by age (p=0.035). The attitude index of the subjects was not significantly different among externs and interns (73.36±9.42% and 74.59±9.20%, p=0.335). Most students (92.7%) had a very appropriate attitude toward nutrition, significantly varied by sex (p=0.010). These findings indicate that there are multiple deficiencies in nutrition knowledge of medical students.