bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study on the effects of silica size and dispersion mode on the fire retardancy of extruded wood fiber/HDPE composites
Authors: Zhou Haiyang , Hao Xiaolong , Wang Xiaoyu , Liu Tao , Sun Lichao , Yi Xin , Wang Qingwen , Ou Rongxian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe inflammability of wood fiber/high‐density polyethylene composites (WPCs/HDPE) remains a limitation for its application. Here the authors sought to improve the flame retardancy of WPCs by incorporating uniformly dispersed SiO2. Specifically, micron‐ and nano‐SiO2 were incorporated into HDPE via dry blending (dry dispersion) or solution blending (wet dispersion), to prepare the compounded matrices for the WPCs. The effects of SiO2 size and dispersion mode on the thermal stability and fire retardancy of WPCs were investigated. The results indicated that the nano‐SiO2 was more beneficial to improve the thermal stability of WPCs than the micron‐SiO2, especially incorporating via wet dispersion. The cone calorimetry tests revealed that incorporating 9 wt% micron‐SiO2 slightly decreased the heat release and smoke production of the WPCs. The incorporation of nano‐SiO2 in WPCs showed a moderate reduction in the heat release, while slightly increased the smoke production. The wet dispersion presented minor advantage over dry dispersion in improving the flame retardancy of WPCs. In addition, the dynamic thermal‐mechanical analysis revealed that the WPCs containing wet‐dispersed micron‐ or nano‐SiO2 exhibited a higher storage modulus compared to that dry‐dispersed SiO2.
Who are we missing? Underrepresentation of data sources used for pharmacoepidemiology research in the United States
Authors: Kaviani Pardiss , Landi Suzanne N. , McKethan Aaron , Brookhart M. Alan , McGrath Leah J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeResearch using healthcare databases often includes patients frequently excluded from clinical trials; yet it is not known whether commonly used data represents the overall population or specific sub‐populations of interest. We aimed to examine population representativeness from data sources in recent research studies in the United States (US).MethodsWe identified data sources from abstracts accepted to the 34th International Conference on Pharmacoepidemiology & Therapeutic Risk Management. The final sample included research studies using ≥1 data source from the US. We classified data sources broadly as claims, linkage, electronic health records (EHR), survey, distributed data network, and other. Studies using claims and EHRs were further classified into more specific categories, including special populations of interest (eg, children).ResultsWe identified 356 abstracts. The majority used claims data (n = 201, 56.5%), followed by data linkages (n = 46, 12.9%), and EHR data (n = 39, 11.0%). Among EHR studies, most (n = 16, 41.0%) came from network data sources (eg, Kaiser Permanente). Almost half (49.4%) of claims‐based studies used commercial claims data sources, followed by Medicare (22.1%), Medicaid (11.3%), and Medicare Supplemental (6.1%). Only 15% of studies included children in the study population (n = 53), with 8% focused on a pediatric topic (n = 27).ConclusionsWe find that certain populations in the US are under‐represented in pharmacoepidemiology, particularly Medicaid enrollees and children. Researchers should strive to utilize data sources that may be more representative of the US population, particularly vulnerable populations.
Sol‐Gel Nanocoatings to Functionalize Fibers and Textiles: A Critical Perspective
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Albo Yael , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTwo decades after their commercial introduction, environmentally friendly and easily applied silica‐based sol‐gel nanocoatings are used by selected textile companies to produce high performance textile fabrics endowed with new functional properties. Reports on their industrial utilization, however, are conflicting. Collecting updated information from leading industry's practitioners, this study identifies the main technical and economic reasons that will drive widespread application of hybrid sol‐gel coatings in the textile industry.
Surfactant Intercalated Mono‐metallic Cobalt Hydrotalcite: Preparation, Characterization, and its Bi‐functional Electrocatalytic Application
Authors: Sharma Dhanjay , Sakthivel A. , Michelraj S. , Muthurasu A. , Ganesh V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA series of surfactants are intercalated into mono‐metallic hydrotalcite type α‐Co(OH)2 through ion exchange method to produce organic‐cobalt hydrotalcite (HT‐SDS, HT‐TMA and HT‐SL). The resultant material maintains its inner laminate structure with increased interlayer spacing. FT‐IR spectroscopic studies and powder XRD analysis revealed the successful intercalation of SDS into the interlayers of α‐cobalt hydroxides. TEM and N2 sorption studies further demonstrate the intercalation of organic surfactant in the interlayer spacing of CoHT. XPS studies indicated the presence of surface exposed cobalt in both Co2+ and Co3+ oxidation states. Furthermore, the applicability of these intercalated materials in electrocatalytic applications specifically for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline medium is explored. Among the various investigated materials, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) intercalated material exhibited better performance in terms of higher catalytic current at a lower overpotential value. Moreover, the kinetic parameters associated with electrocatalysis are determined, and the mechanism behind OER and ORR is elucidated. These results clearly demonstrate the potential bi‐functional utility of such layered materials for electrocatalytic applications.
Fast Transfer Hydrogenation(TH) in Aerobic Condition and Oxidation of Alcohols with N‐Methylmorpholine‐N‐oxide Catalyzed by Ru(II) Ligated with Chalcogenated Pyridines and PPh3
Authors: Kumar Rajan , Singh Ved Vati , Jain Nidhi , Singh Ajai K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe transfer hydrogenation (TH) of aldehydes / ketones (at mmol level), using propan‐2‐ol as a H‐source is complete within 15 min when catalyzed by 0.1 mol% of [Ru(L)(PPh3)Cl2]] (1–4; L=L1–L4; L1/L2=(E)‐2‐(phenylthio/seleno)‐N‐(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyene)ethan‐amine, L3/L4=2‐(phenylthio/seleno)‐N‐(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)ethan‐ amine). The 1–4 were prepared by treating [Ru(PPh3)3Cl2] with L1–L4 respectively.The L1–L4 and 1–4 were characterized by 1H, 13C{1H} and 77Se{1H} NMR spectra. Single crystal structures of 1–4 determined by X‐ray diffraction revealed distorted octahedral geometry of Ru in each complex and bond lengths (Å) as: Ru−S, 2.3441(1) and 2.335(3) and Ru−Se, 2.4497(2) and 2.4518(4). Each of 1–4 (0.1 mol%) is almost equally efficient as catalyst for TH and oxidation of alcohols with N‐methylmorpholine‐N‐oxide (NMO). The optimum amount of oxidant NMO was found 3 mmol for 1 mmol of alcohol. In ambient conditions both the catalytic reactions by the four complexes appear to be homogeneous. The scope of substrates for both the reactions is reported.
Applications of Wittig Reaction in the Total Synthesis of Natural Macrolides
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Zadsirjan Vahideh , Daraie Mansoureh , Ghanbarian Manizheh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Wittig reaction involves the synthesis of an alkene via the conversion of an aldehyde or ketone with the already generated ylide from a phosphonium salt. Significantly, when this important name reaction is employed the desired alkenes are constructed via a predictable manner, thus resultant particularly are useful in the total synthesis of natural products and synthetic complex organic compounds with definite geometric isomers, exhibiting diverse biological potencies. In this review we try to highlight the applications of the Wittig reaction as an efficient and attractive strategy in the total synthesis of macrolides from 2008 to 2020.
Design and Synthesis of Silver Decorated Fe3O4 @ Fe Doped CeO2 Core‐Shell Ternary Composite as Highly Efficient Nanocatalyst for Selective Oxidation of Alkenes
Authors: Ghosh Topi , Choudhary Neha , Mobin Shaikh M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWell define silver decorated Fe3O4 @ Fe doped CeO2 core‐shell ternary composite based nanocatalyst was designed and synthesized. This Fe3O4@Fe‐CeO2/Ag nanocatalyst undergoes alkenes oxidation which showed 100 % conversion of styrene with 95 % selectivity for benzaldehyde by using 70 % aqueous tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) under optimum reaction condition. The Fe3O4@Fe‐CeO2/Ag catalyst was further evaluated for substrate scope showed an excellent conversion, high selectivity for corresponding aldehydes with excellent reusability of catalyst.
Enhancement in the Specific Energy of B‐doped Graphene Using Redox Additive Electrolytes
Authors: Suresh Balaji S. , Mohammad Tauquir Shaikh , Karnan M. , Moorthy Megala , Sathish M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractElectrochemical performance of carbon materials can be enhanced by doping with heteroatoms. Electrochemical investigations suggest that the B‐doped graphene in which B‐source and graphene oxide are in the ratio 1 : 1 demonstrates a highest specific capacitance of 406 F/g at 2 A/g in 1 M H2SO4. The specific capacity of B‐doped graphene in 0.01 M hydroquinone (HQ)/H2SO4 is 2523 C/g in redox additive electrolyte. Performance evaluation of fabricated symmetric supercapacitor cell indicates that the specific capacitance in 0.01 M HQ/H2SO4 and 1 M H2SO4 solution are found to be 440 and 284 F/g at 3 A/g, respectively and greater than EMIMBF4 (97 F/g). The maximum specific energy of the fabricated symmetric cell achieved using 0.01 M HQ/H2SO4 solution is found to be 50 Wh/kg which is comparatively superior than 1 M H2SO4 (14.2 Wh/kg) and EMIMBF4 (30 Wh/kg).
Improved Electrocatalysis and Electrophoretic Deposition due to the Strong Synergy between Au and Ag Nanoparticles.
Authors: Arboleda David Muñetón , Ibañez Francisco J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHere we demonstrate that every time Au and Ag NPs are physically mixed together they outperform their monometallic counterparts upon electrocatalysis of hydroquinone (HQ) and electrophoretic deposition (EPD) coverage.We chemically synthesize citrated‐coated Au and Ag nanoparticles (NPs), mix them at the following percent ratios: Au100‐xAgx (Au90Ag10, Au75Ag25, Au50Ag50, Au25Ag75, Au10Ag90), and form films via EPD using HQ as mediate molecule. We encountered good agreement between Optical Extinction Spectroscopy (OES) calculations and Linear Scan Voltammetry (LSV) oxidation peaks which indicated two size populations around ∼2 and 4 nm for Au and 8 nm diameters for Ag NPs. During EPD, HQ electrocatalysis follows the order: Au75Ag25 >Au50Ag50 >Au25Ag75 >Au90Ag10 > Au NPs > Au10Ag90 > Ag NPs. This is remarkable because Au25Ag75 outperforms the Au90Ag10 mixture indicating that “less is more” in the sense that ∼ 70% less Au content in the mixture is more electroactive upon HQ. This suggests that Ag NPs are also playing an important role in the mixture. Also, Au NPs play a role as for example the addition of 10% Au to pure Ag NPs increases more than 3 orders of magnitude the coverage (1.3 x 1012 NPs) with respect to monometallic Ag ( 7.5 x 108 NPs). XPS exhibits electron transfer from Ag to Au NPs which confirms the electronic mechanism in the mixture.Kinetic studies show that the smallest 2 nm diam. Au NPs are responsible for the fastest kinetic due to lower overpotentials. These experiments reveal that small Au NPs (2 nm diam.) and Ag NPs in the mixture team up toward electrocatalysis of HQ which then favors the deposition of NPs by EPD. Fine control on the composition, size, and coverage of deposited metal Au and Ag NPs within the same film are crucial in the design of advanced optoelectronic devices.
Dipyrromethane Decorated Gelator in Anion Recognition and Solvent‐Dependent Aggregation‐Induced Emission
Authors: Pati Chiranjit , Ghosh Sumit , Ghosh Kumaresh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAryl ethers coupled dipyrromethane gelator 1 has been designed and synthesised. It forms nice gels from CH3CN‐THF (9 : 1, v/v) and DMF‐H2O (5 : 2, v/v). Gels are mechanically strong as established from rheological study and show different aggregation morphologies. The aggregation‐induced emission enhancement (AIEE) is observed in DMF‐H2O and this attribute is explored by SEM and different spectroscopic methods. DMF‐H2O (5 : 2, v/v) gel shows intense green emission under UV illumination. By contrast, gel from CH3CN‐THF (9 : 1, v/v) is noticed to be non‐emissive and anion‐responsive. Systematic analysis reveals that the gelator functions as sensory material for hydrogenpyrophosphate (HP2O73−) over a series of other anions in CH3CN‐THF (9 : 1, v/v). In this event, gel is converted to sol in presence of HP2O73− to report its visual recognition.
Return to the original concept and new typification of Loranthus spicatus (Loranthaceae), an economically important Neotropical mistletoe
Authors: Caires Claudenir Simões , Proença Carolyn Elinore Barnes 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe neotypification of Loranthus spicatus proposed by Job Kuijt in 1976 is analysed. The previously proposed neotype was found to disagree with the original concept of this species, which was adopted from the original publication in 1760 until 1964. Tabula 68 published in Selectarum stirpium americanarum historia in 1763 is proposed as lectotype. To further aid the correct application of this name, we also propose an epitype.
Wie kann Forschendes Lernen evaluiert werden?
Authors: Thiem Janina , Gess Christopher 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Forschendes Lernen wird bislang nur an wenigen Hochschulen gezielt evaluiert. Um die Evaluationspraxis voranzubringen, gibt der vorliegende Beitrag einen Überblick über Evaluationen zum Forschenden Lernen. Laufende und abgeschlossene Evaluationen werden nach verwendeten Forschungsmethoden sowie nach der Zielgruppe der Evaluation systematisch dargestellt.
Forschendes Studieren: „Wow, da machen Leute jetzt wirklich unseren Fragebogen!“
Authors: Gerkensmeier Imke , Lüdders Lisa , Kedzior Karina Karolina 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Forschendes Studieren wird an der Universität Bremen seit 2012 im Rahmen von „Forschend Studieren von Anfang an (ForstA)“-Projekten vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) gefördert. Ein solches Projekt wurde von uns im Bachelorstudium Psychologie über drei Semester in den Jahren 2015 und 2016 durchgeführt (Gerkensmeier, Lüdders & Kedzior, 2016). Unser Konzept war, Studierende ab Studienbeginn in den Forschungsprozess einzuführen, ihnen die Möglichkeit zu bieten, wissenschaftliche Kompetenzen aktiv zu entwickeln, und unter der Begleitung von Lehrenden Forschungsbeiträge zu produzieren (Huber, 2014).
Reflexion durch Evaluation?
Authors: Fiegert Monika , Kunze Ingrid 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Bereits seit der Jahrtausendwende (Wissenschaftsrat 2001, S. 34) wird gefordert, dass Lehramtsstudierende „forschend lernen“ sollen. Mit Forschendem Lernen werden unterschiedliche Zielsetzungen verbunden (Huber, 2009), von denen hier nur die für unseren Kontext relevanten genannt werden (ausführlich z. B. Fiegert, Kunze & Ossowski, 2010, S. 35–38). Durch das Konzept Forschenden Lernens sollen Studierende befähigt werden, die notwendige Differenz von Theorie- und Praxiswissen zu reflektieren und im zukünftigen Berufsfeld bearbeitbar zu machen.
Forschendes Lernen in der curricularen Verankerung in der Medizin
Authors: Gronewold Sabine , Kohse Klaus Peter , Gehlhar Kirsten 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Forschendes und forschungsorientiertes Lernen (Huber, 2014) findet im Medizinstudium in Deutschland bereits in verschiedenen Modellen statt. Im Hinblick auf die internationale Hochschulausbildung, gemäß Bachelor-Master-Modell mit entsprechenden Forschungsleistungen, ist es aber noch deutlich zu verstärken. Die Approbationsordnung für Ärzte (ÄApprO) sieht keine in das Studium integrierte Forschungsleistung vor und die Fülle der geforderten Leistungsnachweise erschwert Fakultäten eine Schwerpunktsetzung und systematische Ausbildung im Bereich Wissenschaft und Forschung.
Ausflug der Forschung: Einmal Lehre und zurück
Authors: Morat Tobias 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Gute Hochschullehre sollte eine Einheit von Forschung und Lehre verfolgen (Healy & Jenkins, 2008; Huber, 2009), damit Studierende gut und breit für potenzielle Berufsfelder qualifiziert werden (Strüder, 2015).
Forschungsnahes Lernen in studentischen Entwicklungs- und Beraterteams im Modell „Ressource Oriented Sanitation System“ der TU Hamburg
Authors: Schaldach Ruth , Vosgerau Klaus 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Zum Wintersemester 2015/16 wurde an der Technischen Universität Hamburg (TUHH) das Modul „Resources Oriented Sanitation Systems“ didaktisch neu im Sinne des Forschenden Lernens (Huber, 2009) konzipiert und in dem Semester als Pilotprojekt durchgeführt. Seitdem setzen sich darin turnusmäßig rund 40 Masterstudierende aus verschiedenen Studiengängen sowie internationale Austauschstudierende aktiv mit einem aktuellen Schwerpunkt der Forschung und Entwicklung am Institut für Abwasserwirtschaft und Gewässerschutz (AWW) und mit Forschungsergebnissen angrenzender Fachgebiete auseinander.
Eine Systematik der Forschungsformen und ihre Eignung für Forschendes Lernen
Authors: Mieg Harald A. 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungForschen nutzt die ganze Vielfalt von Erkenntnismöglichkeiten – genaues Beobachten ist ebenso wichtig wie Hochtechnologie. In diesem Beitrag werden verschiedene Forschungsformen im Hinblick auf Erkenntnisweisen systematisiert und Wege für die differenzielle Nutzung der Forschungsformen für das Forschende Lernen aufgezeigt.
Forschendes Lernen in den Praxisphasen des Lehramtsstudiums
Authors: Beutel Mirja , Floß Peter , Kull Carolin , Wigger-Eckei Aline 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Das an der Universität vermittelte Theoriewissen schätzen Lehramtsstudierende häufig als weniger relevant ein denn die in Schulpraktika erlangten Erfahrung. Professionelles Handeln erfordert jedoch eine kritisch-reflexive Haltung; dafür sollte das Theoriewissen mit Erfahrungen in der Praxis verknüpft werden. Forschendes Lernen kann für diese Verknüpfung einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten.
Highly Parallel SPARQL Engine for RDF
Authors: Feng Fan , Zhou Weikang , Zhang Ding , Pang Jinhui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a highly parallel batch processing engine is designed for SPARQL queries. Machine learning algorithms were applied to make time predictions of queries and reasonably group them, and further make reasonable estimates of the memory footprint of the queries to arrange the order of each group of queries. Finally, the query is processed in parallel by introducing pthreads. Based on the above three points, a spall time prediction algorithm was proposed, including data processing, to better deal with batch SPARQL queries, and the introduction of pthread can make our query processing faster. Since data processing was added to query time prediction, the method can be implemented in any set of data-queries. Experiments show that the engine can optimize time and maximize the use of memory when processing batch SPARQL queries.
Minimal 3-loop neutrino mass models and charged lepton flavor violation
Authors: Cepedello Ricardo , Hirsch Martin , Rocha-Morán Paulina , Vicente Avelino 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We study charged lepton flavor violation for the three most popular 3-loop Majorana neutrino mass models. We call these models “minimal” since their particle content correspond to the minimal sets for which genuine 3-loop models can be constructed. In all the three minimal models the neutrino mass matrix is proportional to some powers of Standard Model lepton masses, providing additional suppression factors on top of the expected loop suppression. To correctly explain neutrino masses, therefore large Yukawa couplings are needed in these models. We calculate charged lepton flavor violating observables and find that the three minimal models survive the current constraints only in very narrow regions of their parameter spaces.
Role of trans-Planckian modes in cosmology
Authors: Berera Arjun , Brahma Suddhasattwa , Calderón Jaime R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Motivated by the old trans-Planckian (TP) problem of inflationary cosmology, it has been conjectured that any consistent effective field theory should keep TP modes ‘hidden’ behind the Hubble horizon, so as to prevent them from turning classical and thereby affecting macroscopic observations. In this paper we present two arguments against the Hubble horizon being a scale of singular significance as has been put forward in the TP Censorship Conjecture (TCC). First, refinements of TCC are presented that allow for the TP modes to grow beyond the horizon while still keeping the de-Sitter conjecture valid. Second, we show that TP modes can turn classical even well within the Hubble horizon, which, as such, negates this rationale behind keeping them from crossing it. The role of TP modes is known to be less of a problem in warm inflation, because fluctuations start out usually as classical. This allows warm inflation to be more resilient to the TP problem compared to cold inflation. To understand how robust this is, we identity limits where quantum modes can affect the primordial power spectrum in one specific case.
Low-dose radiotherapy for COVID-19 pneumonia treatment: case report, procedure, and literature review
Authors: Del Castillo Ruben , Martinez David , Sarria Gustavo J. , Pinillos Luis , Garcia Bertha , Castillo Luis , Carhuactocto Alicia , Giordano Frank A. , Sarria Gustavo R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has set the emergency services in developing countries on major alert, as the installed response capacities are easily overwhelmed by the constantly increasing high demand. The deficit of intensive care unit beds and ventilators in countries like Peru is forcing practitioners to seek preventive or early interventional strategies to prevent saturating these chronically neglected facilities.

Case presentation
A 64-year-old patient is reported after presenting with COVID-19 pneumonia and rapidly progressing to deteriorated ventilatory function. Compassionate treatment with a single 1‑Gy dose to the bilateral whole-lung volume was administered, with gradual daily improvement of ventilatory function and decrease in serum inflammatory markers and oxygen support needs, including intubation. No treatment-related toxicity developed. Procedures of transport, disinfection, and treatment planning and delivery are described.

Conclusion
Whole-lung low-dose radiotherapy seems to be a promising approach for avoiding or delaying invasive respiratory support. Delivered low doses are far from meeting toxicity ranges. On-going prospective trials will elucidate the effectiveness of this approach.