bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D3 affects mitochondrial biogenesis through mitogen‐activated protein kinase in polycystic ovary syndrome mouse model
Authors: Safaei Zahra , Bakhshalizadeh Shabnam , Nasr‐Esfahani Mohammad Hossein , Akbari Sene Azadeh , Najafzadeh Vahid , Soleimani Mansoureh , Shirazi Reza 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder characterized by oligomenorrhea, anovulation, and hyperandrogenism. Altered mitochondrial biogenesis can result in hyperandrogenism. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of vitamin D3 on mitochondrial biogenesis of the granulosa cells in the PCOS‐induced mouse model. Vitamin D3 applies its effect via the mitogen‐activated pathway kinase‐extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (MAPK‐ERK1/2) pathway. The PCOS mouse model was induced by the injection of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Isolated granulosa cells were subsequently treated with vitamin D3, MAPK activator, and MAPK inhibitor. Gene expression levels were measured using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. MAPK proteins were investigated by western blot analysis. We also determined reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels with 2′, 7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Mitochondrial membrane potential (mtMP) was also measured by TMJC1. Mitochondrial biogenesis (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1‐α and nuclear respiratory factor), antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase), and antiapoptotic (B‐cell lymphoma‐2) genes were upregulated in the PCOS mice that treated with vitamin D3 compared with the PCOS mice without any treatment. Vitamin D3 and MAPK activator‐treated groups also reduced ROS levels compared with the nontreated PCOS group. In summary, vitamin D3 and MAPK activator increased the levels of mitochondrial biogenesis, MAPK pathway, and mtMP markers, while concomitantly decreased ROS levels in granulosa cells of the PCOS‐induced mice. This study suggests that vitamin D3 may improve mitochondrial biogenesis through stimulation of the MAPK pathway in cultured granulosa cells of DHEA‐induced PCOS mice which yet to be investigated.
Recent developments in the field of cachexia, sarcopenia, and muscle wasting: highlights from the 12th Cachexia Conference
Authors: Ebner Nicole , Anker Stefan D. , von Haehling Stephan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article highlights preclinical and clinical studies in the field of wasting disorders that were presented at the 12th Cachexia Conference held in Berlin, Germany, in December 2019. Herein, we summarize the biological and clinical significance of different strategies including antibodies that target Fn14, Spsb 1, SAA1 treatment, ZIP14, a MuRF1 inhibitor, and new diagnostic tools like T‐cell communication targets and cut‐offs for the detection of skeletal muscle wasting. Of particular interest were the transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells and muscle stem cell communication. Importantly, one presentation discussed the effect of metal ion transporter ZIP14 loss that reduces cancer‐induced cachexia. The potential of anti‐ZIP14 antibodies and zinc chelation as anti‐cachexia therapy may require testing in patients with cancer cachexia. Large clinical studies were presented such as RePOWER (observational study of patients with primary mitochondrial myopathy), MMPOWER (treatment with elamipretide in patients with primary mitochondrial myopathy), and ACT‐ONE as well as new mouse models like the KPP mouse. Promising treatments include rapamycin analogue treatment, anamorelin, elanapril, glucocorticoids, SAA1, antibodies that target Fn14, and a MuRF1 inhibitor. Clinical studies investigated novel approaches, including the role of exercise. It remains a fact, however, that effective treatments for cachexia and wasting disorders are urgently needed in order to improve patients' quality of life and their survival.
Regional differences in the ependyma of the optic tectal ventricle of adult zebrafish with structures referring to brain hydrodynamics
Authors: Corbo Christopher P. , Fulop Zoltan L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractClassical electron microscopic morphological studies provide detailed ultrastructural information, which may lend insights into cellular functions. As a follow‐up to our morphological investigation of the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) optic tectum, in this study, we have analyzed the ependymal structures lining the surfaces of the tectal ventricle: the torus, tegmental surface of the valvula cerebelli and the periventricular gray zone of the optic tectal cortex. We used toluidine blue stained plastic (semithin) sections for light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Our morphological findings of gated entrances and/or egresses indicate that, at least in the adult zebrafish brain, there may be a bidirectional direct flow communication between the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid and the parenchymal interstitial fluid.
Impact of variable rate nitrogen and reduced irrigation management on nitrate leaching for potato
Authors: Bohman Brian J. , Rosen Carl J. , Mulla David J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNitrogen (N) loss from cropping systems has important environmental implications, including contamination of drinking water with nitrate. A 2‐yr study evaluated the effects of six N rate, source, and timing treatments, including a variable rate (VR) N treatment based on the N sufficiency index approach using remote sensing, and two irrigation rate treatments, including conventional and reduced rate, on nitrate leaching, residual soil nitrate, and plant N uptake for potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Russet Burbank) production in 2016 and 2017 on a Hubbard loamy sand. Nitrate leaching losses measured with suction‐cup lysimeters varied between 2016 and 2017 with flow‐weighted mean nitrate N concentrations of 5.6 and 12.8 mg N L−1, respectively, and increased from 7.1 to 10.4 mg N L−1 as N rate increased from 45 to 270 kg N ha−1. Despite reductions in N rate of 22 and 44 kg N ha−1 in 2016 and 2017, respectively, for the VR N treatment, there was no significant difference in nitrate leaching compared with the existing N best management practices (BMPs). Reducing irrigation rate by 15% decreased nitrate leaching load by 17% through a reduction in percolation. Residual soil nitrate N in the top 60 cm across all treatments (7.9 mg N kg−1) suggests a risk for nitrate leaching during the nongrowing season, and plant N uptake did not explain yearly variation in nitrate leaching and residual soil nitrate. Although existing N BMPs are effective at controlling N losses, development of alternative practices is needed to further reduce the risk of groundwater contamination.
Nutritional status in irritable bowel syndrome: A North American population‐based study
Authors: Hujoel Isabel A 
Published: February 2020

Background and AimIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects 12% of the population, and the evidence supporting current medical interventions is poor. There is increasing focus on the therapeutic benefit of diet and supplementation. We aim to compare dietary composition and hematologic and biochemical markers in those with and without IBS to determine potential targets for therapeutic supplementation.MethodsAll 17 national surveys between 1959 and 2019 were screened, and only 1, the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) (1976–1980), provided comprehensive data on IBS. We performed a cross‐sectional analysis of hematologic and biochemical markers and dietary composition of 12 295 individuals, aged 18–74, in NHANES II.ResultsIndividuals with IBS had significantly higher copper–zinc ratios (1.70vs1.55,P= 0.048) and were more likely to have ratios above 1.8 (odds ratio 1.79, 95% confidence interval 1.02–3.13), indicative of underlying copper–zinc imbalance. While more likely to report dietary avoidances, they had no other evidence of nutritional deficiencies. In addition, dietary recall showed that those with IBS consumed more calories (P= 0.02), were more likely to take vitamin supplements (P= 0.003), and that their macro and micronutrient intake was not significantly different.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that individuals with IBS should be screened for copper–zinc imbalance. Given zinc's role in the immune system, the “brain–gut” axis, and the gastrointestinal barrier, the identified copper–zinc imbalance may play a role in perpetuating the underlying pathophysiology of IBS. Further studies are needed to investigate this hypothesis and the potential role of therapeutic zinc supplementation.
Semisynthesis of ursolic acid‐2‐(2‐thienylidene)‐oxadiazole hybrid molecule and an evaluation of its COX inhibition property
Authors: Deepthi Ani , Krishnan Deepa , Sanju Anuroopa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA new derivative of ursolic acid containing dual functionality was synthesized. Molecular docking studies and in vitro analysis indicated promising COX inhibition potential for the molecule. The synthesis, characterization, in silico and in vitro studies of the molecule are described here.
Expanding the molecular and clinical phenotypes of FUT8‐CDG
Authors: Ng Bobby G. , Dastsooz Hassan , Silawi Mohammad , Habibzadeh Parham , Jahan Shima B. , Fard Mohammad A. F. , Halliday Benjamin J. , Raymond Kimiyo , Ruzhnikov Maura R. Z. , Tabatabaei Zahra , Taghipour‐Sheshdeh Afsaneh , Brimble Elise , Robertson Stephen P. , Faghihi Mohammad A. , Freeze Hudson H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPathogenic variants in the Golgi localised alpha 1,6 fucosyltransferase, FUT8, cause a rare inherited metabolic disorder known as FUT8‐CDG. To date, only three affected individuals have been reported presenting with a constellation of symptoms including intrauterine growth restriction, severe delays in growth and development, other neurological impairments, significantly shortened limbs, respiratory complications, and shortened lifespan. Here, we report an additional four unrelated affected individuals homozygous for novel pathogenic variants in FUT8. Analysis of serum N‐glycans revealed a complete lack of core fucosylation, an important diagnostic biomarker of FUT8‐CDG. Our data expands both the molecular and clinical phenotypes of FUT8‐CDG and highlights the importance of identifying a reliable biomarker for confirming potentially pathogenic variants.
Use of Intravenous Lipid Emulsions With Parenteral Nutrition: Practical Handling Aspects
Authors: Boullata Joseph I. , Berlana David , Pietka Magdalena , Klek Stanislaw , Martindale Robert 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA number of topics important to the handling of intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs) were discussed at the international summit. ILE handling includes the preparation and the administration steps in the typical use of parenteral nutrition (PN). The discussion and consensus statements addressed several issues, including standardization of the PN process, use of commercially available multi‐chamber PN or compounded PN bags, the supervision by a pharmacist with expertise, limiting ILE repackaging, and infusion duration.
Use of Lipids in Adult Patients Requiring Parenteral Nutrition in the Home Setting
Authors: Mundi Manpreet S. , Klek Stanislaw , Martindale Robert G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is estimated that over 25,000 Americans receive home parenteral nutrition (HPN), mostly because of intestinal failure (IF). Although there is significant variability in the fluid and energy needs of patients receiving HPN, intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs) are an essential part of the macronutrient composition, serving as an excellent source of non‐protein energy, as well as supplying essential fatty acids. However, the long‐term use of ILEs in particular may be associated with some detrimental health effects, such as intestinal failure associated liver disease (IFALD). Although there is lack of unifying diagnosis, IFALD can present as cholestasis, steatosis, or fibrosis, with a prevalence that ranges between 5% and 43%. The development of IFALD tends to be multifactorial. Risk factors of IFALD can include those related to IF, inflammation/infection, and long‐term parenteral nutrition. Some studies have shown a link between development of IFALD and ILE dose, especially if the dose is >1 g/kg/d, with high ω‐6:ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio and phytosterol content being theorized as some contributing factors. Thus, efforts have been made to use alternative oils (olive oil, medium‐chain triglycerides, and fish oil) to reduce the soybean‐oil content of ILE, which tends to be high in ω‐6 PUFA and phytosterols. Although additional long‐term clinical data are emerging, this strategy, as reviewed in the current manuscript, has shown to provide some benefit in both prevention and treatment of IFALD and other sequelae of HPN.
Long‐Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Lipid Peroxidation Products in Donor Human Milk in the United Kingdom: Results From the LIMIT 2‐Centre Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Nessel Isabell , De Rooy Laura , Khashu Minesh , Murphy Jane L. , Dyall Simon C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundDonor human milk (DHM) is used as alternative to maternal milk to feed preterm infants; however, it may provide less long‐chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and more oxidized lipids, which may be detrimental to preterm infant health and development. Levels have not been reported for DHM in the United Kingdom.MethodsDHM (n = 19) from 2 neonatal units, preterm milk from a neonatal unit (n = 10), and term milk from the community (n = 11) were analyzed for fatty acids, malondialdehyde, 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal, and hexanal. Study registration: NCT03573531.ResultsDHM had significantly lower absolute LCPUFA content than term (P < .001) and significantly lower ω‐3 PUFAs than preterm milk (P < .05), although relative LCPUFA composition did not differ. Exclusive DHM feeding leads to significantly lower fat (3.7 vs 6.7 g/d) and LCPUFA (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]: 10.6 vs 16.8 mg/d; arachidonic acid [ARA]: 17.4 vs 25.2 mg/d) intake than recommended by the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and provides 17.3% and 43.1% of the in utero accreted ARA and DHA. DHM had the highest proportion of lipid peroxidation.ConclusionsThis study confirms that DHM in the United Kingdom has insufficient LCPUFAs for preterm infants. It demonstrates for the first time that DHM has the highest level of lipid peroxidation, compared with preterm or term milk. This has important implications for preterm infant nutrition, as exclusive DHM feeding might not be suitable long term and may contribute to the development of major preterm neonatal morbidities.
Grape water: reclaim and valorization of a by‐product from the industrial cryoconcentration of grape (Vitis vinifera) must
Authors: Albergamo Ambrogina , Costa Rosaria , Bartolomeo Giovanni , Rando Rossana , Vadalà Rossella , Nava Vincenzo , Gervasi Teresa , Toscano Giovanni , Germanò Maria Paola , DʼAngelo Valeria , Ditta Fabio , Dugo Giacomo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe term ‘grape (Vitis vinifera) water’ refers to a by‐product from the cryoconcentration of must that, if not reclaimed, would be considered as wastewater. In this study, the nutraceutical potential of waters reclaimed from the cryoconcentration of Grillo and Moscato musts was evaluated.RESULTSBoth waters showed physicochemical parameters in agreement with Italian regulation for drinking water, and interesting levels of F− (3.02–8.02 mg L−1) and SO4− (52.85–49.34 mg L−1). Inorganic elements, including Mg (5.54–7.78 mg L−1), K (47.12–59.87 mg L−1), Fe (219.09–205.32 μg L−1), and Zn (189.65–127.30 μg L−1), and phenolic contents <35 mg GAE L−1 contributed to determine moderate antioxidant activities. Considering fatty acid composition, oleic and linoleic acids predominated, being higher in Moscato than Grillo samples (64.42% versus 58.22%, and 5.42% versus 6.07%). Grape waters displayed also rich aroma profiles, including mainly esters, alcohols and terpenoids. The latter components (i.e. linalool and α‐terpineol) were more abundant in Moscato than in Grillo (13% versus 8%). Interestingly, some minor volatiles, characterized the vine of provenance (e.g. benzaldehyde and 3‐methylbutylacetate in Moscato). All grape waters showed also a considerable fraction of ethyl lactate, six‐carbon compounds and acetates, reflecting the proximity of samples to the grapes of origin.CONCLUSIONIn a growing scenario of environmental decay and resource depletion, results from this study support an innovative and profitable waste recycling strategy for the wine industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Human disturbance rather than habitat factors drives plant community assembly and diversity patterns in a semiarid region
Authors: Xu Jinshi , Dang Han , Tian Tingting , Liu Shiqiang , Chai Yongfu , Liu Xiao , Yue Ming , Xiang Chengcheng , Chang Junke 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHuman activities may lead to land degradation, and then influences diversity and function of ecosystems. Understanding the plant community assembly processes and diversity patterns along human activities‐related gradients are an important facet of ecological research and can be used to reveal vegetation dynamics under land degradation on the Loess Plateau. In this study, we evaluated the net relatedness index, phylogenetic diversity, and species diversity along habitat (elevation, slope, aspect, residential distance, succession time) and comprehensive disturbance gradients on the Loess Plateau, China. We found that community assembly processes were mainly influenced by slope and succession time linked to human activity. Study regions with slope >20°or succession time > 35 years showed no environmental filtering effect during community assembly processes, because these region usually had fewer cropland development activities. Although phylogenetic and species diversity showed a dissimilar pattern along gradients, we also summarized human activities rather than habitat factors drive diversity patterns. In summary, we demonstrate that human activities mainly influence community assembly processes and diversity patterns. With reduction of human disturbance in future, land degradation will be ameliorated on Loess Plateau.
Changes in breath cycle sensing affect outcomes in upper airway stimulation in sleep apnea
Authors: Steffen Armin , Sommer J. Ulrich , Strohl Kingman , Hasselbacher Katrin , Suurna Maria V. , Hofauer Benedikt , Heiser Clemens 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundUpper Airway Stimulation (UAS) is a well‐established therapy option for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).AimsThere are no data on whether respiratory sensing contributes to successful UAS therapy.Materials & MethodsAfter initial measurements of 3 implanted patients (M1), the sensing signal was inverted (M2) without changing other parameters. Two weeks later, the signal was converted back again, and the sensitivity of breathing cycle detection was turned to a very low state (M3).ResultsAt M2 and M3, the apnea‐hypopnea index and oxygen desaturation index increased.DiscussionCorrect respiratory sensing is important for controlling OSA using UAS.ConclusionsTherefore, implant centers should should optimize respiratory sensing placement and adjustment.
The Learning Health System Competency Appraisal Inventory (LHS‐CAI): A novel tool for assessing LHS‐focused education needs
Authors: Greenberg‐Worisek Alexandra J. , Shippee Nathan D. , Schaffhausen Cory , Johnson Kelli , Shah Nilay D. , Linzer Mark , Beebe Timothy , Enders Felicity 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere is increasing interest in health care organizations functioning as learning health systems (LHSs) to improve the quality and efficiency of health care delivery while generating new knowledge. Individuals must be trained in associated concepts and competencies and subsequently positioned (or embedded) within the delivery system for maximum effect as they perform their scholarship. Potential researchers within LHSs come from many different training backgrounds; therefore, each LHS scholar requires a goal‐directed plan tailored to his or her needs. There are few tools available to guide development, training, or evaluation of individuals interested in becoming leaders of research in LHSs. In this paper, we present a newly developed tool for guiding the training of such researchers, the Learning Health Systems Competency Appraisal Inventory (LHS‐CAI). The LHS‐CAI is modeled after the Clinical Research Appraisal Index (CRAI) used within Clinical and Translational Science Award sites across the United States. The LHS‐CAI is a tool for trainees at all levels to use with their mentors in an interactive manner. The tool can then identify areas in which more training is needed and at what level to ensure success as a researcher within LHSs. We further modified the CRAI format to better leverage the LHS‐CAI as a key part of an LHS scholar's individual development plan. To implement the LHS‐CAI, we have identified key points within the Minnesota Learning Health System Mentored Career Development Program (MN‐LHS) at which assessment of expertise for each competency would be useful to LHS scholars, mentors, and program leaders. Scholars in this program come from various clinical and academic backgrounds but are all targeting their career trajectories toward leading embedded LHS research. They will reevaluate their expertise upon completion of the program, with comparison to baseline serving as a key program evaluation tool. The LHS‐CAI is currently being implemented with the first cohort of scholars in the MN‐LHS program.
I am who I am: Sharing photos on social media by older consumers and its influence on subjective well‐being
Authors: Pera Rebecca , Quinton Sarah , Baima Gabriele 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe are faced with an aging population whose longer lives need to be lived well. Extant marketing scholarship has largely neglected older consumers' behavior in relation to the social media realm and its influence on well‐being. This two‐stage qualitative study investigates subjective well‐being, exploring whether and how sharing photos on social media increases the dimensions of self‐acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth. The findings indicate that photo‐sharing is a powerful behavior in augmenting older consumers' well‐being as it enables individual self‐reflection, self‐representation and transforms the individual experience into a collective one. Contributions include, that photo‐sharing acts as a bridge in creating, reinforcing but also breaking bonds among older consumers, also a tension exists between the desire for autonomy and the need for relationships with others, and finally that the digital self is a component of subjective well‐being in older consumers.
Clinical and genetic study of 12 Chinese Han families with nonsyndromic deafness
Authors: Wu Di , Huang Weiyuan , Xu Zhenhang , Li Shuo , Zhang Jie , Chen Xiaohua , Tang Yan , Qiu Jinhong , Wang Zhixia , Duan Xuchu , Zhang Luping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundNonsyndromic hearing loss is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. In this study, we characterized the clinical features of 12 Chinese Han deaf families in which mutations in common deafness genes GJB2, SLC26A4, and MT‐RNR1 were excluded.MethodsTargeted next‐generation sequencing of 147 known deafness genes was performed in probands of 10 families, while whole‐exome sequencing was applied in those of the rest two.ResultsPathogenic mutations in a total of 11 rare deafness genes, OTOF, CDH23, PCDH15, PDZD7, ADGRV1, KARS, OTOG, GRXCR2, MYO6, GRHL2, and POU3F4, were identified in all 12 probands, with 16 mutations being novel. Intrafamilial cosegregation of the mutations and the deafness phenotype were confirmed by Sanger sequencing.ConclusionOur results expanded the mutation spectrum and genotype‒phenotype correlation of nonsyndromic hearing loss in Chinese Hans and also emphasized the importance of combining both next‐generation sequencing and detailed auditory evaluation to achieve a more accurate diagnosis for nonsyndromic hearing loss.