bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of land management practices on blue carbon stocks and greenhouse gas fluxes in coastal ecosystems—A meta‐analysis
Authors: O’Connor J. Jack , Fest Benedikt J. , Sievers Michael , Swearer Stephen E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGlobal recognition of climate change and its predicted consequences has created the need for practical management strategies for increasing the ability of natural ecosystems to capture and store atmospheric carbon. Mangrove forests, saltmarshes and seagrass meadows, referred to as blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs), are hotspots of atmospheric CO2 storage due to their capacity to sequester carbon at a far higher rate than terrestrial forests. Despite increased effort to understand the mechanisms underpinning blue carbon fluxes, there has been little synthesis of how management activities influence carbon stocks and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in BCEs. Here, we present a global meta‐analysis of 111 studies that measured how carbon stocks and GHG fluxes in BCEs respond to various coastal management strategies. Research effort has focused mainly on restoration approaches, which resulted in significant increases in blue carbon after 4 years compared to degraded sites, and the potential to reach parity with natural sites after 7–17 years. Lesser studied management alternatives, such as sediment manipulation and altered hydrology, showed only increases in biomass and weaker responses for soil carbon stocks and sequestration. The response of GHG emissions to management was complex, with managed sites emitting less than natural reference sites but emitting more compared to degraded sites. Individual GHGs also differed in their responses to management. To date, blue carbon management studies are underrepresented in the southern hemisphere and are usually limited in duration (61% of studies <3 years duration). Our meta‐analysis describes the current state of blue carbon management from the available data and highlights recommendations for prioritizing conservation management, extending monitoring time frames of BCE carbon stocks, improving our understanding of GHG fluxes in open coastal systems and redistributing management and research effort into understudied, high‐risk areas.
What motivates patients and caregivers to engage in health research and how engagement affects their lives: Qualitative survey findings
Authors: Hemphill Rachel , Forsythe Laura P. , Heckert Andrea L. , Amolegbe Andrew , Maurer Maureen , Carman Kristin L. , Mangrum Rikki , Stewart Lisa , Fearon Ninma , Esmail Laura 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundUS research organizations increasingly are supporting patient and stakeholder engagement in health research with a goal of producing more useful, relevant and patient‐centered evidence better aligned with real‐world clinical needs. The Patient‐Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) engages patients, family caregivers and other health‐care stakeholders, including clinicians, payers and policymakers, as active partners in prioritizing, designing, conducting and disseminating research as a key strategy to produce useful evidence for health‐care decision making.ObjectiveTo inform effective engagement practices and policies, we sought to understand what motivates patients and caregivers to engage as partners on PCORI‐funded research projects and how such engagement changed their lives.MethodsWe conducted thematic analysis of open‐ended survey responses from 255 patients, family caregivers and individuals from advocacy and community‐based organizations who engaged as partners on 139 PCORI‐funded research projects focusing on a range of health conditions.ResultsPartners' motivations for engaging in research were oriented primarily towards benefiting others, including a desire to improve patients' lives and to support effective health‐care interventions. In addition to feeling they made a positive difference, many partners reported direct benefits from engagement, such as new relationships and improved health habits.Discussion and ConclusionsBy identifying patient and caregiver motivations for engaging in research partnerships and what they get out of the experience, our study may help research teams and organizations attract partners and foster more satisfying and sustainable partnerships. Our findings also add to evidence that engagement benefits the people involved as partners, strengthening the case for more widespread engagement.
Testing alternative methods for estimation of bird migration phenology from GPS tracking data
Authors: Soriano‐Redondo Andrea , Acácio Marta , Franco Aldina M. A. , Herlander Martins Bruno , Moreira Francisco , Rogerson Katharine , Catry Inês 
Published: December 2019

The development and miniaturization of GPS tracking devices has enabled a better understanding of migration phenology, but it can be challenging to identify where and when migration starts and ends, and researchers rely on multiple methods to infer it. Here, we use GPS tracks of 18 trans‐Saharan migrant White Storks Ciconia ciconia to determine how the choice of method influences the estimation of migratory timing and discuss its implications. We evaluate and provide R code for the implementation of five alternative methods: spatial threshold, absolute displacement, spatio‐temporal displacement, net squared displacement and change point analysis. Spatial threshold, absolute displacement and spatio‐temporal displacement methods produce, in most cases, significantly different estimates of migration timing and duration as compared with net squared displacement and change point analysis.
Effect of carbon sources on the properties of lightweight corundum‐spinel refractory with density gradient
Authors: Wan Qifa , Yin Hongfeng , Tang Yun , Yuan Hudie , Ren Xiaohu , Xin Yalou , Liu Yuchi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLightweight refractories are expected to have excellent performance in high and room temperature in addition to energy consumption reduction. Lightweight corundum‐spinel refractory was fabricated by carbothermal reduction of MgO, the oxygen diffusion rate controlled oxidation of Mg vapor, and subsequent reaction between MgO and Al2O3. The lightweight corundum‐spinel refractory was characterized by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Effects of flaky graphite particle size and carbon black content on the properties of lightweight corundum‐spinel refractory were investigated. The results showed that flaky graphite particle size had great effect on the stacking density of green compacts and the properties of refractory. When flaky graphite particle size was 42.44 µm, the refractory possessed bulk density 2.68 g/cm3, compressive strength (CS) 63.5 MPa, and refractoriness under load 1641°C fired at 1550°C for 4 hours. With the decrease of carbon black content, the properties of refractory increased, but the CS was low due to the generation of structure defects including large pores and cracks when compared with the samples using graphite as carbon source. In order to obtain lightweight refractory with good performance, the carbon particle size and content should be chosen properly in addition to firing temperature and holding time.
‘In the middle’: A qualitative study of talk about mental health nursing roles and work
Authors: Terry Julia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProfessional identities are important in defining workers' roles, and are concerned with attributes relating to those roles and how they are performed. Evidence shows mental health nurses undertake many different roles as part of their work. Yet, the roles of mental health nurses are insufficiently understood by healthcare staff, service users, and nurses themselves. Mental health nursing work has been deemed invisible and lacking in role clarity. Poor understandings about professional identity of mental health nurses result in difficulties recruiting to the profession, nurses lacking confidence articulating the value of their work, with misunderstandings apparent with service users about the specific role of mental health nursing in their care. The primary focus of this study, conducted in Wales, United Kingdom, was to examine how talk about mental health nursing was handled by participants from multiple perspectives. Data consisted of 17 individual interview transcripts with mental health nurses and 13 interview transcripts from mental health service users, and three focus groups with nursing students. Participants' talk was analysed using thematic analysis. This paper reports how participants described mental health nursing work to have significant role overlap with other multidisciplinary team members. Participants highlighted that mental health nurses often have an ‘in the middle’ label because the complexity of their work can be hard to describe. The implications are pertinent for nurses because if they are considered to be in a liminal position, they risk being perceived as neither one role nor another, resulting in nurses struggling with professional identities and role confidence.
Gamma deployment problem in grids: hardness and new integer linear programming formulation
Authors: Faraj Marcelo Fonseca , Urrutia Sebastián , Sarubbi João F. M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVehicular networks are mobile networks designed for the domain of vehicles and pedestrians. These networks are an essential component of intelligent transportation systems and have the potential to ease traffic management, lower accident rates, and offer other solutions to smart cities. One of the most challenging aspects in the design of a vehicular network is the distribution of its infrastructure units, which are called roadside units (RSUs). In this work, we tackle the gamma deployment problem that consists of deploying the minimum number of RSUs in a vehicular network in accordance with a quality of service metric called gamma deployment. This metric defines a vehicle as covered if it connects to some RSUs at least once in a given time interval during its whole trip. Then, the metric parameterizes the minimum percentage of covered vehicles necessary to make a deployment acceptable or feasible. In this paper, we prove that the decision version of the gamma deployment problem in grids is NP‐complete. Moreover, we correct the multiflow integer linear programming formulation present in the literature and introduce a new formulation based on set covering that is at least as strong as the multiflow formulation. In experiments with a commercial solver, the set covering formulation widely outperforms the multiflow formulation with respect to running time and linear programming relaxation gap.
Tb3+‐doped transparent BaGdF5 glass‐ceramics scintillator for X‐ray detector
Authors: Zheng Zhigang , Tong Ye , Wei Rongfei , Hu Fangfang , Sun Xinyuan , Guo Hai 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCommercial Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) monocrystal scintillator is relatively complicated to produce and too expensive. Therefore, it is desired to look for alternative scintillating materials with simple process, low consumption, large size, and high efficiency. Here, glass‐ceramics (GC) with high volume fraction of crystal phase and high density by increasing the proportion of heavy metal fluorides in the composition were designed. And bulk Tb3+‐doped transparent BaGdF5 glass‐ceramics with 23.3% crystal volume ratio and density of 4.65 g/cm3 have been prepared. The structural, optical, and luminescent properties of precursor glass and GC were systematically explored through series of characterization techniques including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmittance spectra, transmission electron microscope (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and X‐ray excited luminescence (XEL). After heat treatment, both PL emission and XEL intensity of GC are enhanced because of the movement of Tb3+ ions from the amorphous glass matrix into BaGdF5 nanocrystals, which possess lower phonon energy and better crystal field. The luminescent quantum efficiency of GC reaches 30.7% and the XEL intensity of GC is around 140% of that of the commercial BGO scintillating crystal. Our results demonstrate that BaGdF5:Tb3+ GC may act as efficient scintillator for X‐ray detection.
Overcoming the novelty effect in online gamified learning systems: An empirical evaluation of student engagement and performance
Authors: Tsay Crystal Han‐Huei , Kofinas Alexander K. , Trivedi Smita K. , Yang Yang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLearners in the higher education context who engage with computer‐based gamified learning systems often experience the novelty effect: a pattern of high activity during the gamified system's introduction followed by a drop in activity a few weeks later, once its novelty has worn off. We applied a two‐tiered motivational, online gamified learning system over 2 years to a total number of 333 students. In a mixed methods research design, we used 3‐year worth of longitudinal data (333 students for the treatment group and 175 in the control group) to assess students' engagement and performance in that period. Quantitative results established that students engaged and performed better in the gamified condition vis‐à‐vis the nongamified. Furthermore, students exhibited higher levels of engagement in the second year compared with the first year of the gamified condition. Our qualitative data suggest that students in the second year of the gamified delivery exhibited sustained engagement, overcoming the novelty effect. Thus, our main contribution is in suggesting ways of making the engagement meaningful and useful for the students, thus sustaining their engagement with computer‐based gamified learning systems and overcoming the novelty effect.
Students' perceived usefulness of computerized percentage‐only vs. descriptive score Reports: Associations with motivation and grades
Authors: Daniels Lia M. , Bulut Okan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn computer‐based testing (CBT) environments instructors can provide students with feedback immediately. Commonly, instructors give students their percentage correct without additional descriptive feedback. Our objectives were (a) to compare students' perceived usefulness of a percentage‐only score report vs. a descriptive feedback report in a CBT environment and (b) to test relationships amongst perceived usefulness, motivation, and exam performance. Using a semester‐long repeated measures design embedded into three real examinations, we found that students perceived the descriptive feedback report as more useful than the percentage‐only report. However, there were no relationships amongst the usefulness of the score report and students' motivation or exam scores. Instead, previous performance was the strongest positive predictor of future performance. We discuss the effortful work required to create descriptive feedback reports with their utility and suggest ways instructors may better support students in using descriptive feedback reports when they are implemented.
ELMOD3‐SH2D6 gene fusion as a possible co‐star actor in autism spectrum disorder scenario
Authors: Loi Eleonora , Moi Loredana , Blois Sylvain , Bacchelli Elena , Vega Benedetti Ana Florencia , Cameli Cinzia , Fadda Roberta , Maestrini Elena , Carta Marinella , Doneddu Giuseppe , Zavattari Patrizia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by high heritability. It is known that genetic factors contribute to ASD pathogenesis. In particular, copy number variants (CNVs) are involved in ASD susceptibility and can affect gene expression regulation. 2p11.2 microdeletions encompassing ELMOD3, CAPG and SH2D6 genes have been described in four unrelated ASD families. The present study revealed that this microdeletion is responsible for the production of a chimeric transcript generated from the fusion between ELMOD3 and SH2D6. The identified transcript showed significantly higher expression levels in subjects carrying the deletion compared to control subjects, suggesting that it is not subjected to nonsense‐mediated decay and might encode for a chimeric protein. In conclusion, this study suggests the possible involvement of this gene fusion, together with the other previously identified variants, in ASD.
Association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure across the first four years of life and manifestation of externalizing behavior problems in school‐aged children
Authors: Gatzke‐Kopp Lisa , Willoughby Michael T. , Warkentien Siri , Petrie Daniel , Mills‐Koonce Roger , Blair Clancy 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundExtensive literature in human and animal models has documented an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and externalizing behavior in offspring. It remains unclear; however, the extent to which postnatal environmental smoke exposure is associated with behavioral development, particularly for children whose mothers did not smoke during pregnancy. The present study examined whether magnitude of exposure to environmental smoke across the first four years of life demonstrated a linear association with later externalizing symptoms.MethodsExposure was quantified through salivary cotinine measured when children were 6, 15, 24, and 48 months of age, providing a more accurate quantification of realized exposure than can be estimated from parental report of cigarettes smoked. Data were available for n = 1,096 (50% male; 44% African American) children recruited for the Family Life Project, a study of child development in areas of rural poverty.ResultsAnalyses indicate a linear association between cotinine and children’s symptoms of hyperactivity and conduct problems. This association remained significant after controlling for family poverty level, parental education, parental history of ADHD, hostility, depression, caregiver IQ, and obstetric complications. Furthermore, this association was unchanged when excluding mothers who smoked during pregnancy from the model.ConclusionsFindings are consistent with animal models demonstrating an effect of environmental exposure to nicotine on ongoing brain development in regions related to hyperactivity and impulsivity, and highlight the importance of mitigating children’s exposure to environmental smoke, including sources that extend beyond the parents.
Is fecal calprotectin an accurate marker in the management of Crohn's disease?
Authors: Vernia Filippo , Di Ruscio Mirko , Stefanelli Gianpiero , Viscido Angelo , Frieri Giuseppe , Latella Giovanni 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough lacking validated cutoff values, fecal calprotectin (FC), besides C‐reactive protein, is considered the standard test for assessing disease activity in Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of the present review is to provide a general overview of the literature addressing the role of FC in the clinical and endoscopic assessment of disease activity in CD, seeking correlations with capsule endoscopy, response to therapy, prediction of relapse, and postoperative recurrence. A systematic search of the literature up to September 2019 was performed using Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Only papers written in English concerning FC in adult patients affected by CD were included. Pediatric studies, in vitro studies, animal studies, studies on blood/serum samples, and studies analyzing FC in ulcerative colitis or in both CD and ulcerative colitis were excluded. Out of 713 citations, 65 eligible studies were identified. FC showed high accuracy in the assessment of intestinal inflammation and response to therapy, in particular in colonic disease, thus proving a good surrogate marker for these aims. FC is useful in identifying patients at high risk for endoscopic relapse or postoperative recurrence, for optimizing or downstage therapy. Unfortunately, FC performs less well in small bowel CD. FC is an effective fecal marker in the management of CD patients, optimizing the use of endoscopic procedures. Owing to its diagnostic accuracy, FC may represent a cornerstone of the “treat‐to‐target” management strategy of CD patients.
The association between chronotype, food craving and weight gain in pregnant women
Authors: Teixeira G. P. , Balieiro L. C. T. , Gontijo C. A. , Fahmy W. M. , Maia Y. C. P. , Crispim C. A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis cross‐sectional study investigated the association between chronotype, food craving and weight gain in pregnant women.MethodsIn total, 245 pregnant women attending the public health service in Brazil were included. Chronotype was derived from the time of mid‐sleep time on free days, with a further correction for calculated sleep debt, and higher scores on this variable indicate a tendency to eveningness. A Food Craving Questionnaire Trait and State assessment was performed, and weight gain was calculated. Generalised linear models were used to determine the association between the variables under analysis.ResultsEvening types presented higher anticipation of relief from negative states and feelings as a result of eating as a usual behaviour compared to morning (P = 0.013) and non‐evening types (P = 0.028); less intense desire to eat as a sporadic behaviour compared to morning (P = 0.012) and non‐evening types (P = 0.009); and less anticipation of positive reinforcement that may result from eating as a sporadic behaviour than non‐evening types (P = 0.022). We also found a significant association between chronotype score and anticipation of relief from negative states and feelings as a result of eating (P = 0.004); anticipation of positive reinforcement that may result from eating (P = 0.013) as a usual behaviour; weight gain during the early gestational period (P = 0.024); and intense desire to eat (P = 0.045) as a sporadic behaviour.ConclusionsWe conclude that evening chronotype was associated with the food craving trait. Pregnant women who tend to eveningness are more likely to gain weight in the early gestational period.
Identifying Price Reviews by Firms: An Econometric Approach
Authors: HARRIS MARK N. , LE BIHAN HERVÉ , SEVESTRE PATRICK 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrice reviews are a potentially costly activity. A significant fraction of unchanged prices may stem from firms not reviewing prices, rather than from obstacles to changing prices per se, such as menu costs. In this paper, we disentangle these two causes of price stickiness by estimating an inflated ordered probit model on a panel of French manufacturing firms. The results point to a low frequency of price reviews, suggestive of the relevance of information costs as a determinant of the observed price stickiness. In view of the “inattentive producers” literature, pointing that the source of price rigidity matters, this is suggestive of a large real effect of monetary policy.
Off‐flavors in pond‐grown ictalurid catfish: Causes and management options
Authors: Tucker Craig S. , Schrader Kevin K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIctalurid catfish grown in ponds often acquire undesirable off‐flavors prior to harvest. Off‐flavors develop when odorous, lipophilic substances in food or water are absorbed across gut or gill epithelium and concentrated in edible tissues. The most common causes of catfish off‐flavors are two nontoxic secondary metabolites of planktonic cyanobacteria: geosmin (causing an earthy off‐flavor) and 2‐methylisoborneol (causing a musty off‐flavor). Off‐flavored fish are unacceptable for processing, and harvest must be postponed until the source of the odorous compound disappears and the compound purges from edible fish tissue. Harvest delays caused by episodes of off‐flavor increase production time, interrupt cash flow, and increase the risk of fish loss. Catfish farmers consider off‐flavor to be one of their most important production‐related problems. This paper reviews the causes of off‐flavor in catfish, pharmacokinetics of uptake and loss of odorous compounds in catfish, seasonality and prevalence of off‐flavors, farm‐ and industry‐level impacts, the ecology of cyanobacteria in catfish ponds, and various strategies for preventing or treating cyanobacterial (and other) off‐flavors. A decision‐making system based on knowledge gained from research is presented as a guide to effective use of the limited tools available to manage off‐flavors.