bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pion condensation in a soft-wall AdS/QCD model
Authors: Lv Meng , Li Danning , He Song 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Finite isospin chemical potential μI and temperature T have been introduced in the framework of soft-wall AdS/QCD model. By self-consistently solving the equation of motion, we obtain the phase boundary of pion condensation phase, across which the system undergoes a phase transition between pion condensation phase and normal phase. Compar- ing the free energy of solutions with and without pion condensation, we find that the phase transition is of first order type both at large μI and small μI. Qualitatively, the behavior at large μI is in agreement with the lattice simulation in [6], while the behavior at small μI is different from lattice simulations and previous studies in hard wall AdS/QCD model. This indicates that a full back-reaction model including the interaction of gluo-dynamics and chiral dynamics might be necessary to describe the small μI pion condensation phase. This study could provide certain clues to build a more realistic holographic model.
Light hidden mesons through the Z portal
Authors: Cheng Hsin-Chia , Li Lingfeng , Salvioni Ennio , Verhaaren Christopher B. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Confining hidden sectors are an attractive possibility for physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). They are especially motivated by neutral naturalness theories, which reconcile the lightness of the Higgs with the strong constraints on colored top partners. We study hidden QCD with one light quark flavor, coupled to the SM via effective operators suppressed by the mass M of new electroweak-charged particles. This effective field theory is inspired by a new tripled top model of supersymmetric neutral naturalness. The hidden sector is accessed primarily via the Z and Higgs portals, which also mediate the decays of the hidden mesons back to SM particles. We find that exotic Z decays at the LHC and future Z factories provide the strongest sensitivity to this scenario, and we outline a wide array of searches. For a larger hidden confinement scale Λ ∼ O (10) GeV, the exotic Z decays dominantly produce final states with two hidden mesons. ATLAS and CMS can probe their prompt decays up to M ∼ 3 TeV at the high luminosity phase, while a TeraZ factory would extend the reach up to M ∼ 20 TeV through a combination of searches for prompt and displaced signals. For smaller Λ ∼ O (1) GeV, the Z decays to the hidden sector produce jets of hidden mesons, which are long-lived. LHCb will be a powerful probe of these emerging jets. Furthermore, the light hidden vector meson could be detected by proposed dark photon searches.
Searching the landscape of flux vacua with genetic algorithms
Authors: Cole Alex , Schachner Andreas , Shiu Gary 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we employ genetic algorithms to explore the landscape of type IIB flux vacua. We show that genetic algorithms can efficiently scan the landscape for viable solutions satisfying various criteria. More specifically, we consider a symmetric T6 as well as the conifold region of a Calabi-Yau hypersurface. We argue that in both cases genetic algorithms are powerful tools for finding flux vacua with interesting phenomenological properties. We also compare genetic algorithms to algorithms based on different breeding mechanisms as well as random walk approaches.
Arbeitsbedingungen und Gesundheitszustand junger Ärzte und professionell Pflegender in deutschen Krankenhäusern
Authors: Raspe Matthias , Koch Peter , Zilezinski Max , Schulte Kevin , Bitzinger Diane , Gaiser Ulrike , Hammerschmidt Andreas , Köhnlein Ralf , Puppe Julian , Tress Florian , Uden Theodor , Nienhaus Albert 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Tief greifende Veränderungen im Gesundheitswesen haben für junge Angestellte in der stationären Patientenversorgung zu einem stark verdichteten Arbeitsalltag geführt. Vorarbeiten legen eine Gesundheitsgefährdung durch diese Arbeitsbedingungen nahe.

Ziel der Arbeit
Diese Studie hatte zum Ziel, mit einer interprofessionellen Erhebung aktuelle Belastungsfaktoren, deren Konsequenzen und subjektive Verbesserungsbedarfe zu untersuchen.

Methoden
Im September 2017 wurde eine anonymisierte Querschnittserhebung unter Ärzten und professionell Pflegenden bis ≤35 Jahre und mit maximal 6 Jahren Berufserfahrung in der stationären Patientenversorgung durchgeführt. Der Feldzugang erfolgte über sieben teilnehmende Fachgesellschaften und Berufsverbände. Der elektronische Fragebogen enthielt überwiegend validierte Erhebungsinstrumente. Durch Regressionsmodelle wurden mögliche Störfaktoren in die Datenanalyse einbezogen.

Ergebnisse
In die endgültige Analyse gingen 1060 komplette Fälle ein. Die Teilnahmequote lag bei 13 %. Es wurden u. a. zeitliche und psychosoziale Belastungsfaktoren mit überwiegend erheblicher Ausprägung festgestellt. Diese Belastungsfaktoren sind mit einem reduzierten Gesundheitszustand und erhöhtem Burn-out-Risiko sowie einer subjektiv schlechteren Versorgungsqualität assoziiert. Junge Ärzte wünschen sich weniger Dokumentation und eine Reduktion der Arbeitsverdichtung; junge Pflegende erwarten eine leistungsgerechte Bezahlung und festgelegte Personalschlüssel.

Diskussion
Aktuelle Arbeitsbedingungen stellen eine Gesundheitsgefährdung junger Angestellter in der stationären Patientenversorgung dar. Es müssen Rahmenbedingungen geschaffen werden, die den Leistungserbringern nachhaltig ein gesundes und effektives Arbeiten ermöglichen.
Effects of early life and current housing on sensitivity to reward loss in a successive negative contrast test in pigs
Authors: Luo L. , Reimert I. , Graat E. A. M. , Smeets S. , Kemp B. , Bolhuis J. E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAnimals in a negative affective state seem to be more sensitive to reward loss, i.e. an unexpected decrease in reward size. The aim of this study was to investigate whether early-life and current enriched vs. barren housing conditions affect the sensitivity to reward loss in pigs using a successive negative contrast test. Pigs (n = 64 from 32 pens) were housed in barren or enriched conditions from birth onwards, and at 7 weeks of age experienced either a switch in housing conditions (from barren to enriched or vice versa) or not. Allotting pigs to the different treatments was balanced for coping style (proactive vs. reactive). One pig per pen was trained to run for a large reward and one for a small reward. Reward loss was introduced for pigs receiving the large reward after 11 days (reward downshift), i.e. from then onwards, they received the small reward. Pigs housed in barren conditions throughout life generally had a lower probability and higher latency to get the reward than other pigs. Proactive pigs ran overall slower than reactive pigs. After the reward downshift, all pigs ran slower. Nevertheless, reward downshift increased the latency and reduced the probability to get to the reward, but only in pigs exposed to barren conditions in early life, which thus were more sensitive to reward loss than pigs from enriched early life housing. In conclusion, barren housed pigs seemed overall less motivated for the reward, and early life housing conditions had long-term effects on the sensitivity to reward loss.
How theory and design-based research can mature PBL practice and research
Authors: Dolmans Diana H. J. M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMany educational institutions in higher education switched to problem-based learning (PBL) in the last 5 decades. Despite its’ successful implementation worldwide, many institutions still encounter problems in their daily teaching practices that limit deep learning in students. This raises the question: How else can we look at PBL practice and research? The main argument of this reflective paper is to better align PBL practice with the theories or principles of contextual, constructive, self-directed and collaborative learning. This paper explains what these principles or theories are. In addition, it discusses a new way to bridge theory and practice: design-based research (DBR), which combines redesigning theory-based teaching practices with investigating these practices in close collaboration with various stakeholders. There is no one-size-fits-all solution to address the problems encountered in PBL. We should be very careful in drawing conclusions about which PBL approach works best. No single solution works optimally under all conditions. At most, DBR can help us gain better insight into why PBL with certain characteristics, preferably based on theory, might work in a specific context with particular goals in mind.
Cryopreservation enables long-term conservation of critically endangered species Rubus humulifolius
Authors: Edesi Jaanika , Tolonen Jonne , Ruotsalainen Anna Liisa , Aspi Jouni , Häggman Hely 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Ex situ storage plays an important role in the conservation of plant biodiversity. Cryopreservation at ultra-low temperatures (−  196 °C) is the only long-term ex situ preservation method for plant species that cannot be stored in seed banks. In the present study, we developed a cryopreservation protocol for micropropagated Rubus humulifolius (Rosaceae) plants representing currently critically endangered population of the species in Finland. Abscisic acid (ABA) has been found to increase the freezing tolerance of several plant species. Thus, we studied the effect of a 10-day pretreatment with 0, 2 or 4 mg/l ABA in comparison to freshly dissected buds. We also studied how the duration of in vitro subculture affects cryopreservation result. The ABA pretreatment had divergent effect on control and cryopreserved buds: the regeneration of non-cryopreserved control buds increased from 51% to 70%, 90% or 87% while the regeneration of cryopreserved buds decreased from 52% to 35%, 6% or 9% after 0, 2 or 4 mg/l ABA pre-treatments, respectively. Buds from plants subcultured for 1 month had 63% survival, which, however, decreased to 29% or nil% after 2 or 4 months subculture. The regenerated plants were successfully transferred from in vitro to in vivo conditions in common garden. Growing in garden is needed for future restoration of the species in wild. Cryostorage and other ex situ conservation actions carried out in botanical gardens may be of increasing importance as a tool to maintain plant biodiversity in the future.
Neuroprotection in Rats Following Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury by GLP-1 Analogues—Liraglutide and Semaglutide
Authors: Basalay Maryna V. , Davidson Sean M. , Yellon Derek M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
A substantial number of ischaemic stroke patients who receive reperfusion therapy in the acute phase do not ever fully recover. This reveals the urgent need to develop new adjunctive neuroprotective treatment strategies alongside reperfusion therapy. Previous experimental studies demonstrated the potential of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) to reduce acute ischaemic damage in the brain. Here, we examined the neuroprotective effects of two GLP-1 analogues, liraglutide and semaglutide.

Methods
A non-diabetic rat model of acute ischaemic stroke involved 90, 120 or 180 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Liraglutide or semaglutide was administered either i.v. at the onset of reperfusion or s.c. 5 min before the onset of reperfusion. Infarct size and functional status were evaluated after 24 h or 72 h of reperfusion.

Results
Liraglutide, administered as a bolus at the onset of reperfusion, reduced infarct size by up to 90% and improved neuroscore at 24 h in a dose-dependent manner, following 90-min, but not 120-min or 180-min ischaemia. Semaglutide and liraglutide administered s.c. reduced infarct size by 63% and 48%, respectively, and improved neuroscore at 72 h following 90-min MCAO. Neuroprotection by semaglutide was abolished by GLP1-R antagonist exendin(9-39).

Conclusion
Infarct-limiting and functional neuroprotective effects of liraglutide are dose-dependent. Neuroprotection by semaglutide is at least as strong as by liraglutide and is mediated by GLP-1Rs.
Automatic Annotation of Retinal Layers in Optical Coherence Tomography Images
Authors: Dodo Bashir Isa , Li Yongmin , Eltayef Khalid , Liu Xiaohui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Early diagnosis of retinal OCT images has been shown to curtail blindness and visual impairments. However, the advancement of ophthalmic imaging technologies produces an ever-growing scale of retina images, both in volume and variety, which overwhelms the ophthalmologist ability to segment these images. While many automated methods exist, speckle noise and intensity inhomogeneity negatively impacts the performance of these methods. We present a comprehensive and fully automatic method for annotation of retinal layers in OCT images comprising of fuzzy histogram hyperbolisation (FHH) and graph cut methods to segment 7 retinal layers across 8 boundaries. The FHH handles speckle noise and inhomogeneity in the preprocessing step. Then the normalised vertical image gradient, and it’s inverse to represent image intensity in calculating two adjacency matrices and then the FHH reassigns the edge-weights to make edges along retinal boundaries have a low cost, and graph cut method identifies the shortest-paths (layer boundaries). The method is evaluated on 150 B-Scan images, 50 each from the temporal, foveal and nasal regions were used in our study. Promising experimental results have been achieved with high tolerance and adaptability to contour variance and pathological inconsistency of the retinal layers in all (temporal, foveal and nasal) regions. The method also achieves high accuracy, sensitivity, and Dice score of 0.98360, 0.9692 and 0.9712, respectively in segmenting the retinal nerve fibre layer. The annotation can facilitate eye examination by providing accurate results. The integration of the vertical gradients into the graph cut framework, which captures the unique characteristics of retinal structures, is particularly useful in finding the actual minimum paths across multiple retinal layer boundaries. Prior knowledge plays an integral role in image segmentation.
Extreme Sensitivity and Climate Tipping Points
Authors: Ashwin Peter , von der Heydt Anna S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A climate state close to a tipping point will have a degenerate linear response to perturbations, which can be associated with extreme values of the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS). In this paper we contrast linearized (‘instantaneous’) with fully nonlinear geometric (‘two-point’) notions of ECS, in both presence and absence of tipping points. For a stochastic energy balance model of the global mean surface temperature with two stable regimes, we confirm that tipping events cause the appearance of extremes in both notions of ECS. Moreover, multiple regimes with different mean sensitivities are visible in the two-point ECS. We confirm some of our findings in a physics-based multi-box model of the climate system.
SF-36 predicts 13-year CHD incidence in a middle-aged Swedish general population
Authors: Nilsson Evalill , Festin Karin , Lowén Mats , Kristenson Margareta 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
To study the predictive ability of each of the eight scales of SF-36 on 13-year all-cause mortality and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in a general middle-aged population.

Methods
The population-based, longitudinal “Life-conditions, Stress and Health” study, in 2003–2004 enrolled 1007 persons aged 45–69 years (50% female), randomly sampled from the general population in Östergötland, Sweden. Variables at baseline included the SF-36 (health-related quality of life, HRQoL) and self-reported disease. Incident CHD (morbidity and mortality) and all-cause mortality data for the study population during the first 13 years from baseline were obtained from national Swedish registries.

Results
Seven of the eight SF-36 scales predicted CHD (sex- and age-adjusted Hazard Ratios up to 2.15; p ≤ 0.05), while only the Physical Functioning scale significantly predicted all-cause mortality. Further adjustments for presence of (self-reported) disease did not, in most cases, alter these significant predictions.

Conclusion
Low SF-36 scores predict risk of CHD, also after adjustment for present disease, supporting the biopsychosocial model of health and disease. Measures of HRQoL yield important information and can add to the cardiopreventive toolbox, including primary prevention efforts, as it is such a simple and relatively inexpensive tool.
Integration moderner Lehrmethoden in den Humangenetik-Unterricht in Tübingen
Authors: Schmidt Thorsten , Buchert Rebecca , Mau-Holzmann Ulrike 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Ein Großteil der universitären Lehre findet immer noch in Form von klassischem Frontalunterricht, zumeist als Vorlesung statt. Lernphysiologisch kommt diese Form des Unterrichts den Studierenden wenig entgegen, denn ohne Wiederholungen vergessen diese mehr als die Hälfte des frisch Gelernten bereits nach kurzer Zeit. Dies hängt auch damit zusammen, dass sich Studierende in Vorlesungen üblicherweise passiv verhalten und eine aktive oder gar interaktive Stufe des Lernens häufig nicht erreicht wird.

Ziel der Arbeit und Methoden
Um diesem Dilemma entgegenzuwirken, haben wir in Tübingen in unseren Humangenetik-Unterricht moderne Lehrmethoden, wie umgedrehten Unterricht („inverted classroom“) und Umfragesysteme („audience response“) integriert. Außerdem haben wir das an vielen Universitäten für den Studiengang Humanmedizin bereits erfolgreich eingesetzte problemorientierte Lernen in den Humangenetik-Unterricht integriert.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Die meisten Studierenden kannten diese modernen Lehrmethoden noch nicht aus anderen Lehrveranstaltungen, bewerteten deren Einsatz jedoch ausgesprochen positiv und wünschten sich, dass diese Methoden auch in anderen Lehrveranstaltungen integriert werden sollten. Positiv überrascht waren wir davon, wie gut diese modernen Lehrmethoden von den Studierenden angenommen wurden.
Combined use of eBeam irradiation and the potential probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus Vahe for control of foodborne pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Balayan Marine H. , Pepoyan Astghik Z. , Manvelyan Anahit M. , Tsaturyan Vardan V. , Grigoryan Bagrat , Abrahamyan Arusyak , Chikindas Michael L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
The implementation of electron beam radiation coupled with the use of probiotics is one of the newest food processing technologies that may be used to ensure food safety and improve shelf life of food products. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 50–150-Gy electron beam irradiation on the antimicrobial activity of the putative probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus Vahe.

Methods
Low-dose electron beam irradiation of lactobacilli cells was performed using the Advanced Research Electron Accelerator Laboratory’s electron accelerator, and the agar well diffusion method and Verhulst logistic function were used to evaluate the effect of radiation on anti–Klebsiella pneumoniae activity of the cell free supernatant of L. rhamnosus Vahe cells in vitro.

Results
Our results suggest that 50–150-Gy electron beam irradiation decreases the viability of the investigated lactobacilli, but does not significantly change the probiotic’s activity against K. pneumoniae.

Conclusions
Results indicate that the combined use of irradiation and L. rhamnosus Vahe might be suggested for non-thermal food sterilizing technologies.
Graph-based exploration and clustering analysis of semantic spaces
Authors: Veremyev Alexander , Semenov Alexander , Pasiliao Eduardo L. , Boginski Vladimir 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The goal of this study is to demonstrate how network science and graph theory tools and concepts can be effectively used for exploring and comparing semantic spaces of word embeddings and lexical databases. Specifically, we construct semantic networks based on word2vec representation of words, which is “learnt” from large text corpora (Google news, Amazon reviews), and “human built” word networks derived from the well-known lexical databases: WordNet and Moby Thesaurus. We compare “global” (e.g., degrees, distances, clustering coefficients) and “local” (e.g., most central nodes and community-type dense clusters) characteristics of considered networks. Our observations suggest that human built networks possess more intuitive global connectivity patterns, whereas local characteristics (in particular, dense clusters) of the machine built networks provide much richer information on the contextual usage and perceived meanings of words, which reveals interesting structural differences between human built and machine built semantic networks. To our knowledge, this is the first study that uses graph theory and network science in the considered context; therefore, we also provide interesting examples and discuss potential research directions that may motivate further research on the synthesis of lexicographic and machine learning based tools and lead to new insights in this area.
A Multi-physics Methodology for Four States of Matter
Authors: Michael Louisa , Millmore Stephen T. , Nikiforakis Nikolaos 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We propose a numerical methodology for the simultaneous numerical simulation of four states of matter: gas, liquid, elastoplastic solids, and plasma. The distinct, interacting physical processes are described by a combination of compressible, inert, and reactive forms of the Euler equations, multi-phase equations, elastoplastic equations, and resistive MHD equations. Combinations of systems of equations are usually solved by coupling finite element for solid modelling and CFD models for fluid modelling or including material effects through boundary conditions rather than full material discretisation. Our simultaneous solution methodology lies on the recasting of all the equations in the same, hyperbolic form allowing their solution on the same grid with the same finite volume numerical schemes. We use a combination of sharp- and diffuse-interface methods to track or capture material interfaces, depending on the application. The communication between the distinct systems of equations (i.e., materials separated by sharp interfaces) is facilitated by means of mixed-material Riemann solvers at the boundaries of the systems, which represent physical material boundaries. To this end, we derive approximate mixed-material Riemann solvers for each pair of the above models based on characteristic equations. To demonstrate the applicability of the new methodology, we consider a case study, where we investigate the possibility of ignition of a combustible gas that lies over a liquid in a metal container that is struck by a plasma arc akin to a lightning strike. We study the effect of the metal container material and its conductivity on the ignition of the combustible gas, as well as the effects of an additional dielectric coating, the sensitivity of the gas, and differences between scenarios with sealed and pre-damaged metal surfaces.
On Pricing Unconventional Prepaid Forward Contracts: Evidence fromen primeurFine Wine
Authors: Czupryna Marcin , Jakubczyk Michał , Oleksy Paweł 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAnen primeuragreement is an unconventional forward contract. In this article, we provide a new conceptual framework for analyzing the properties ofen primeurprices based on the cost of carry approach. The results, based upon Bayesian modeling, indicate that the cost of carry increases up to 0.9598 whenen primeurand bottled wines are traded in parallel. Moreover, our findings confirm that price dispersion around the mean value is greater foren primeurwines (22.42%) than for standard bottled wines (8.2%) traded after the sale ofen primeurwines has ended. (JEL Classifications: G12, G15, L66, Q02)