bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSIV-26 Effects of extended-release eprinomectin on heifer growth and reproductive performance while grazed on endophyte-infected tall fescue or housed in drylot
Authors: Graham Sarah M , Navarrete Julissa , Neira Lucas T , McCann Joshua C , Shike Daniel W 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective was to assess the effects of an extended-release eprinomectin (LongRange) on beef heifer reproductive performance when grazed on endophyte-infected tall fescue or housed on drylot. In a split-plot design, fall-born, Angus × Simmental heifers (n = 153) were stratified by BW and divided into 6 groups. Groups were randomly assigned environmental treatments: grazed endophyte-infected tall fescue (pasture) or maintained in drylot and fed alfalfa hay. Within a group, heifers were randomly assigned to LongRange (LR) or saline (control). Heifers were dewormed with oral fenbendazole (SafeGuard) to minimize parasite load before trial initiation. On d 140 and final pregnancy check, body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) were collected; BW was also collected at time of artificial insemination (AI). Hair coat score (HCS), fecal egg count (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV), and respiration rates (RR) were collected on d 140. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Environment × treatment effects for BW were detected (P ≤ 0.01) at d 140 and at overall pregnancy confirmation; LR increased BW to a greater magnitude in pasture than in drylot heifers. At breeding, LR increased (P = 0.01) heifer BW compared to control. On d 140, LR increased (P = 0.01) heifer BCS compared to control. On d 140, pasture heifers tended (P = 0.08) to have greater RR than drylot heifers. Heifer AI pregnancy rates were not affected (P ≥ 0.21) by treatments. Environment × treatment effects for overall pregnancy were detected (P = 0.03); LR increased overall pregnancy rate in pasture compared to drylot heifers and LR tended to increase overall pregnancy rate compared with control in pasture heifers. In conclusion, LongRange increased BW to a greater extent in pasture than in drylot and tended to increase heifer final pregnancy rate compared to control on pasture.
PSVII-19 Serial ultrasound measures of implanted and non-implanted feedlot steers to determine carcass endpoints
Authors: Perkins Tommy L , Riberio Flavio , Kirkpatrick Tylo J , Wesley Kaitlyn R , Pillmore Sierra L , Cooper Kimberly B , Francis Forest L , Garrison Max D , Tennant Travis , Nichols Wade , Hutcheson John , Lawrence Ty 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An Aloka SSD-500V real-time ultrasound unit, equipped with a 17.2cm carcass probe, was used to serially scan feedlot steers (n = 80; initial BW 271 ± 99) at 42-d intervals during a 378-d feeding period by a certified Ultrasound Guidelines Council (UGC) technician. This included 10 separate ultrasound scanning sessions following the initial weight and ultrasound data taken on day minus 7 (one week prior to initial start date). Steers were randomly assigned to implant treatment (REV) or not (CON) at day -7 with the implanted group being re-implanted on day 190. Cattle were weighed and scanned for 12th-rib fat thickness (FTU), 12th-rib longissimus muscle area (LMAU), percentage intramuscular fat (%FATU), and rump fat thickness (RFU) to determine the ability of ultrasound to predict carcass grading outcomes at harvest in implanted vs non-implanted steers. Eight steers were harvested each 42 days and evaluated 48h after harvest to determine final body weight (FBW), 12th-rib fat thickness (FTC), 12th-rib longissimus muscle area (LMAC), and marbling score (MARB). Data were analyzed to determine treatment (TRT) and days on feed (DOF) interactions using the GLIMMIX procedure. Least square (LS) means illustrated differences (P &lt; 0.05) between TRT for FBW, FTU, REAU, and %FATU. No differences (P = 0.088) between TRT for RFU were observed. Differences (P &lt; 0.05) between DOF were observed for FBW through all 10 weigh days. A difference (P &lt; 0.05) across DOF for days 42, 84, 126, 168, 210, 252, and 294 was noted for FTU. These data suggest growth promoting implants cause differences (increases) in weight and traditional ultrasound measures of carcass endpoints.
PSVII-11 Fecal parameters as indicators of starch digestibility and feedlot performance of water buffaloes
Authors: Paula Tania V , Francisco Caroline L , Castilhos André M , Meirelles Paulo R L , Jacaúna Amanna G , Correa Hugo L , Oliveira Camila S , de Barros Felipe , Jacob Vanessa R M , Jorge Andre M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study evaluated fecal parameters indicative of starch digestibility of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) of three genetic groups (GG: Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah). Seventy-eight non-castrated males [n = 26 of each GG; 200 kg of initial body weight (BW); 210 days of age] were used. Animals were finished in feedlot, receiving a diet rich in starch [38.76% in dry matter (DM) basis]. Samples of feces, diet offered, and orts were collected for digestibility test during 3 consecutive days. Diet samples were incubated in situ in the rumen of cannulated buffaloes. The remaining material was submitted to analysis to quantify the indigestible neutral detergent fiber levels. Fecal starch (FS) determination was performed by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Final BW (BW, kg), metabolic BW (BW0.75, kg0.75), average daily gain (ADG, kg/day), DM intake (DMI, in kg/day, and %BW) were recorded. Data were analyzed using MIXED and CORR procedure in SAS, with significance considered if P ≤ 0.05. Starch digestibility and FS concentration are not influenced by GG (P ≥ 0.23), unlike fecal DM and fecal pH (P ≤ 0.04; Table 1). Although weak, negative correlations were detected between FS and BW (r = -0.247; P = 0.05) and BW0.75 (r = -0.261; P =0.03), as well as between fecal DM and BW (r = -0.245; P = 0.05), ADG (r = -0.341; P &lt; 0.01), DMI, kg/day (r = -0.374; P &lt; 0.01), and DMI, %BW (r = -0.335; P &lt; 0.01) variables. The results demonstrate that there are differences among GG of water buffaloes regarding fecal parameters. Furthermore, the high FS content and the low fecal pH may indicate the low capacity of water buffaloes to digest starch. Thus, the research results provide evidence that water buffaloes are not able to use high-grain diets, and fecal parameters proved to be potential tools to evaluate the feedlot performance of these animals.
PSXI-28 Commercial grain-free diet improved taurine status, but increased bile acid excretion when fed to Labrador Retrievers
Authors: Donadelli Renan Antunes , Pezzali Julia G , Oba Patrícia M , Swanson Kelly S , Coon Craig N , Varney Jessica L , Pendlebury Christine , Shoveller Anna-Kate 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In 2018 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a statement that grain-free diets may be related to the increased incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs. This statement was made despite all implicated diets meeting nutrient requirements published by the Association of American Feed Controls Official (AAFCO) and enforced by State Officials. Many of these dogs presented with low plasma or whole blood taurine concentrations, and as such, we hypothesized that feeding these diets would result in reduced taurine status over a 26 wk feeding period. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding a grain-free diet to large breed dogs on taurine status and overall health. Eight Labrador Retrievers (4 males, 4 females; Four Rivers Kennel, MO) were individually housed and fed a commercial complete and balanced grain-free diet (Acana Pork and Squash formula; APS; moisture 8.40%, crude protein 37.81%, crude fat 18.78%, ash 8.06%, and total dietary fiber 11.40%) for 26 weeks. Fasted blood samples were collected at week 0 and 26 for analyses of plasma and whole blood taurine. Urine was collected by free catch and analyzed for taurine and creatinine. Fresh fecal samples were collected and analyzed for bile acids. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure with repeated measures in SAS (v. 9.4). Dogs were healthy throughout the duration of the trial. Urinary taurine to creatinine ratio did not change throughout the feeding period (wk 0 = 0.25 vs. wk 26 = 0.28). Fecal bile acid excretion increased after 26 weeks of feeding APS to dogs. Despite the higher fecal excretion of bile acids, plasma and whole blood taurine increased over the 26 wk feeding period. In conclusion, feeding APS for 26 wk results in increased taurine status in large breed dogs, despite higher excretion of fecal bile acids.
PSIX-37 Considerations for using game cameras for on-farm behavior of beef cattle
Authors: Crites Benjamin , Roy Nicholas , Stamm Clay , Sears Brandon , Campbell Matthew , Musen Steven , Barnes Jessica , Williams Victor , Coffey David , Lehmkuhler Jeffrey 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
On-farm studies provide an opportunity to build relationships with clientele while answering applied science questions. Further, game trail cameras are a low-cost technology that may be an alternative to visually observing livestock for behavior data. An on-farm study involving eight county Extension agents and producers investigated game cameras to capture cattle visitation to mineral feeders. Three different models of Browning game trail cameras (Prometheus Group LLC, Birmingham, AL) each with timelapse feature were utilized. A three-page document provided background and methodology for the study. Details for placement of the trail camera were provided to provide consistency across farms. Cameras were pre-programmed to settings for image capture. A video for camera setup was also provided in the event that cameras reset to default settings due to battery failure. Timelapse feature was utilized providing image capture from sunrise to sunset at 2 min intervals. Several observations were noted to improve data capture in the future. Differences existed in battery utilization between camera models with one model only capturing images for approximately 2 of the 7 d periods while others had more than 80% battery life remaining after 7 d. Cameras were to be oriented facing south to avoid sun glare. Sun glare occurred at sunrise on most cameras and was particularly bad when dew was present on the camera lens. Mineral feeders need to be secured in place as livestock may move feeders out of the frame of the images captured. Still photos are insufficient in assessing behavior and short video clips are expected to improve interpretation especially when multiple animals visit the feeder at the same time. Utilization of human observation was not useful unless observation was performed at sunrise. Game trail cameras have the potential to be a cost-effective tool in capturing on-farm data of cattle behavior.
PSIX-26 Effect of enhanced nutrition during early life on the transcriptional profile of the arcuate nucleus region of the hypothalamus in Holstein Friesian bull calves
Authors: Keogh Kate , Coen Stephen P , Lonergan Pat , Fair Sean , Kenny David A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Improved nutrition and metabolic status during early life are known to advance sexual development in the bull calf. This is mediated through complex neuroendocrine signaling at the level of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis resulting in precocious testicular development and spermatogenesis. The arcuate nucleus region (ARC) of the hypothalamus is centrally involved in the integration of peripheral metabolic cues with GnRH neuronal function and gonadotropin pulsatility which in turn stimulate testicular development. However, the precise molecular mechanisms regulating the influence of prevailing nutritional status on hypothalamic function are yet to be fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to evaluate differentially expressed genes (DEG) within the ARC of bull calves offered contrasting planes of nutrition during the first 12 weeks of life, to coincide with the characteristic transient gonadotropin rise. Holstein-Friesian bull calves with a mean (+SD) bodyweight and age of 48.8(5.3) kg and 17.5(2.8) days, respectively, were assigned to either a high energy (H; n = 15) or moderate energy (M; n = 15) plane of nutrition designed for growth rates of 1.0 and 0.5 kg/day, respectively. At 12 weeks of age all calves were euthanized and the ARC harvested. RNA was isolated from all ARC samples and RNAseq analysis conducted. As expected, H calves were heavier at euthanasia (H=112 kg; M=88 kg, P &lt; 0.001). RNAseq analysis resulted in the identification of 83 DEG (P.adj&lt; 0.1; fold change &gt;1.5), all of which were down-regulated in H compared to M calves. DEG were enriched for biological pathways associated with immune function including complement system and acute phase response signaling (P.adj&lt; 0.01). However, no DEG identified were directly involved in reproductive developmental processes. Results from this study suggest that the typically positive effect of enhanced nutrition on reproductive development may not be apparent within the ARC at 12 weeks of age.
PSIX-31 The effect of days on feed and trenbolone acetate + estradiol-17β implants on the dimensional measurements of serially harvested steer carcasses
Authors: Mayer Lauren M , Kirkpatrick Tylo J , Pillmore Sierra L , Wesley Kaitlyn R , Cooper Kimberly B , Francis Forest L , Tennant Travis , Nichols Wade , Hutcheson John , Lawrence Ty 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Charolais x Angus steers (n = 80) were serially harvested to evaluate the effect of days on feed and exogenous growth promotion on dimensional measurements of chilled carcasses. Steers were randomly distributed to treatment and harvest day in a 2 x 10 factorial design. Steers were paired by genetic similarity and randomly assigned one of two treatments; implanted with Revalor-XS (REV) on d 0 and d 190 or non-implanted control (CON). Four pairs were randomly assigned to market endpoints of 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, 210, 252, 294, 336, or 378 DOF. Forty-eight h after harvest, a digital image was obtained of the lateral aspect of the right side of each carcass in front of a grid containing 390 contrasting black and green squares (100 cm2 each). Images were individually calibrated to a common standard and digitally measured for 2-dimensional surface area and maximal carcass length and width. Maximal length was measured from the caudal tip of the hindshank to cranial edge of the foreshank and maximal width was measured from the dorsal edge of the crest to the ventral edge of the foreshank. Carcass dimensional measurements were analyzed using mixed models; fixed effects were implant treatment and DOF with d 0 BW as a covariate. No TRT x DOF interaction was observed (P ≥ 0.13) for any dependent variable. Steers administered REV yielded 516 cm2 greater (P &lt; 0.01) surface area than CON; moreover, surface area increased 21.0 cm2 /day. No TRT effect (P = 0.57) was observed for maximal length, however maximal width was 3.9 cm greater (P &lt; 0.01) for REV steers. Steer carcasses increased 0.16 cm/day in length and 0.07 cm/day in width. These data illustrate growth in carcass size following exogenous growth promotant administration and finishing steers for various lengths of time.
PSIX-30 mTORC1 Sensing Glutamate Signal to Promote Porcine Intestinal Development by Accelerating Intestinal Stem Cell Expansion
Authors: Zhu Min , Qin Ying-chao , Zhou Jia-yi , Gao Chun-qi , Yan Hui-chao , Wang Xiu-qi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) coordinates cell growth and metabolism with environmental cues, such as amino acids, growth factors, and energy. Glutamate (Glu) is a primary metabolic fuel for the intestinal epithelium and extensively involves numerous physiological processes. Crypt intestinal stem cells (ISCs) driven intestinal epithelial renewal that needs a continuous energy supplement. However, the effects of Glu on the expansion of porcine ISCs and intestinal epithelial development remain unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism that Glu promotes intestinal development. Firstly, a total of 14 weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) with similar body weight (BW) were randomly allocated into the control group, and the 1.0% Glu group with 7 replicates per group and 1 piglet per replicate. The experiment lasts for 21 days. The results showed that dietary Glu increased small intestinal weights, jejunal villus height, and the ratio of the villus height to the crypt depth. Moreover, dietary Glu promoted the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. Subsequently, iTRAQ proteomics screening indicated that intestinal mTORC1 signaling may participate in Glu-stimulated intestinal epithelial development, which was confirmed by Western blotting. Meanwhile, the IR/IRS/PI3K/Akt pathway and EGFR/ERK pathway are the upstream of Glu-induced mTORC1 signaling activation, which verified in IPEC-J2 cell line and intestinal organoids. Furthermore, the in vivo and ex vivo crypt ISCs experiments showed that Glu accelerated ISC expansion as increased intestinal organoid forming efficiency and budding efficiency. Glu also promoted ISC self-renew and differentiated into various functional cells (enterocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, Paneth cells). In summary, mTORC1 integrated Glu signal stimulated ISC expansion and ultimately promoted epithelial development.
PSX-31 Late-Breaking Abstract: Improving the DNA database of genotypes using SNP markers for locally bred cattle in Kazakhstan
Authors: Bissembayev Anuarbek , Tleulenov Zhumadiya , Koblanova Saule , Akhmetaliyeva Aliya , Ayupova Almagul , Kulbaev Rukhan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
ICAR is recommending to use at least 14 STR loci or at least 100 SNP markers for cattle parentage verification recommended by ISAG. The existing database of genotyped DNA samples of meat and dairy breeds allows us to take into account not only microsatellite STR DNA loci, but since 2016 allows us to register data according to the results of studies of SNP markers. These works were supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Kazakhstan under the grant project 1891 / GF4. The aim of the work was to study SNP in DNA for parentage verification of cattle. The following tasks have been implemented: 1) collect biological material, extract at least 1,000 DNA and conduct genotyping of DNA samples; 2) to test parentage verification and develop a database of SNPs for local cattle. 1,858 DNA samples were extracted using Stock Marks kits from Applied Biosystems. DNA testing was carried out at the Laboratory of Animal Genetics at the University of Queensland (Australia) and at the Neogen Laboratory (USA). Calculation of the reliability of parentage verification for 1067 animals was carried out automatically in the IAS system (www.plem.kz; table 1). The subbase “Database of SNPs for DNAs of local cattle” was developed, which includes up to 245 SNP markers and is filled with DNA indicators from 1,858 breeding animals. The studies conducted allowed the use of contemporary biotechnological methods with domestic breeds of beef cattle and for the first time to use the new method in breeding work with meat breeds. Already today, the created and updated database of genotyped DNA samples of beef and dairy breeds with an integrated program for calculating the reliability of livestock origin allows farmers to conduct breeding at a new higher level and meet international requirements for breeding animals (Zh.Tleulenov et al, 2017).
PSIII-36 The endocytic pathway plays a major role in the regulation of tight junction remodeling during nutrient starvation in jejunal IPEC-J2 cells
Authors: Li Enkai , Ajuwon Kola 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Postweaning pigs are subjected to nutrient deprivation during which intestinal epithelial cells undergo increased turnover. To preserve intestinal function, intestinal epithelial cells must activate adaptive mechanisms that allow them to cope with starvation-induced stress; most importantly, the preservation of intestinal barrier function. The objective of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in starvation-induced alteration of tight junction protein abundance and function in IPEC-J2 cells. Cells were subjected to total nutrient starvation in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate (KRB) buffer for 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h. Abundance of tight junction proteins was determined by RT-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence. Compared with control group (0 h), the protein expression of claudin 1, claudin 3 and claudin 4 protein was downregulated up to 6 h of starvation and then increased thereafter (P &lt; 0.01). However, there was no change in the protein level of occludin and ZO-1. To determine the contribution of the lysosome and the ubiquitin proteasome pathways to regulation of tight junction protein abundance, the lysosome (Bafilomycin A1) and the proteasome (MG132) inhibitors were used in nutrient starved cells. Results showed the degradation of claudin 1, 3 and 4 up to 6 h of starvation was through the lysosomal pathway. Surprisingly, re-synthesis of claudins 4 and claudin 3 after prolonged starvation (12 and 24 h) was prevented when cells were treated with bafilomycin A1 and MG132, respectively. The autophagy-lysosome pathway inhibitors (Wortmannin and MHY1485) and endosome-lysosome pathway inhibitors (Dynasore and Pitstop 2) were further used to determine the specific roles of these pathways. In summary, the degradation of claudin 3 and claudin 4 during short-term starvation (up to 6 h) was through the dynamin-dependent endocytic pathway. However, re-synthesis of these proteins after prolonged starvation relies on both the lysosome and proteasome pathways.
PSII-35 The age-related characteristics of spermatogenesis in gander
Authors: Vetokh Anastasia N , Volkova Ludmila A , Iolchiev Baylar S , Volkova Natalia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cryopreservation of testicular stem cells - spermatogonia is of interest along with the creation of semen cryobanks. During transplantation into recipients’ testes, spermatogenic cells can create a significant population of germ cells in the process of differentiation. The knowledge about spermatogenesis course in males is necessary for the effective selection spermatogenic cells. The research aim was to study the age-related characteristics of spermatogenesis in geese. The histostructure of gander testes (n = 35) at the age of 1 to 7 months was studied. The diameter of seminiferous tubules, and the types and number of spermatogenic cells in them were evaluated. From each gander at least 30 seminiferous tubules were examined. At the age of 1 month, the diameter of the seminiferous tubules was 51±1 μm. In subsequent age periods, this indicator increased and amounted to 63±2, 65±3, 66±2, 79±3, 98±6 and 170±5 μm at the age of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 months, respectively. Diameter increase with the age was associated with an increase of spermatogenic cells number inside tubules. At the 1 months age, the number of spermatogenic cells in one seminiferous tubule did not exceed 22±1. At the age of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 months, this indicator increased by 2.1, 2.7, 3.1, 6.4, 8.5 and 21.2 times. At the age from 1 to 3 months, the main cells types were Sertoli and spermatogonia cells. Primary and secondary spermatocytes from 4 months of age and spermatids from 5 months of age were visualized in the seminiferous tubules. Sperm were detected in the seminiferous tubules at 6 months old, the number of which increased towards the age of 7 months. The study was supported by RSF within Project №16–16–04104.