bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative Urban Process to Revitalize Urban Spaces
Authors: Hattab Roua Kareem , Al Ani Mohammed Qasim Abdul Ghafoor 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Today, the revitalization of city centers is an essential matter for the roads of an urban foundation for different cities especially in this moment of profound early innovation trend, city centers areas are the most vulnerable, especially urban spaces, which regarded as important and prominent core in improving the quality of citizen life. From another perspective, the Inventive public activities expose the potential of urban space and optimize spatial elements that provide a long-term effect on urban cities. Urban revitalization considers, as one of the most proper solutions for improving problematic urban areas, besides that there is an extended agreement that the innovation processes have noticeable importance in the case of urban spaces that needed for improvement. The research problem handles the absence of an integrated theoretical framework of urban revitalization within global innovation trends, critical difficulty about the link between them, and finally, the implementation of the urban space revitalize. The research attempts to investigate the problem by identifying a fundamental goal represented by revealing the importance of urban inventive process Included under scope of essential dominions of urban revitalization, and specifically the application on urban space; the paper presents the historical urban space and public paths of the Bab Al-Wastany in historical Baghdad city as a case study.
Efficient Energy of Smart Grid Education Models for Modern Electric Power System Engineering in Iraq
Authors: Abed Faisal Theyab , ALRikabi Haider Th. Salim , Ibrahim Isam Aameer 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Smart grid integrates the use of high end technologies so that the generation of energy as well as its delivery can be done with greater performance to the multiple locations and regions. As Iraq is one of the elevating countries in the energy sector and enormous projects, the need to integrate the smart grids arise. This manuscript underlines the assorted perspectives of the smart grid technologies with the integration of solar system and the implementation aspects in Iraq. With the integration of smart grid based architecture and cumulative formulation of the effectual approaches the overall energy can be optimized and higher degree of throughput can be achieved with greater values in the overall performance. In Iraq, there are many projects which are under development and many development using which the overall energy based projects are getting successful in Iraq with the overall elevated growth of the country in multiple sectors including power, security, corporate, international relations, finance and many others. In this research manuscript, the assorted factors and the projects with the multiple dimensions of energy optimization and power saving in Iraq are presented with the pragmatic results.
Preparation of Nano Zeolite and itsApplication in Water Treatment
Authors: Gadhban Maryam Yousif , Abdulmajed Yossor Riadh , Ali Fatima Dheif , Al-Sharify Zainab T. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Nano-Zeolite was prepared for removing methylene blue from wastewate rby the use of packed bed column. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by XRD and AFM. The characterization result shows that the size of diameter was 95 nm. It was observed that the nano-zeolite was active for the removal of methylene blue as adsorbent. Methylene blue are common wastewater contaminants at industrial installation. The adsorption of methylene blue by nano-zeolite was studied by a pilot plant packed bed column. Continuous flow tests were performed to find the breakthrough times. The breakthrough curve was examined for different parameters such as flow rate (0.5-1-1.5 ml/min), initial concentration (15-25-35 mg/lit) and bed height (4-6-8 cm). Based on these investigations, it appears that the time of the breakthrough increases with an increase in the bed height and decreases with increases in the initial concentrations and flow rates.
Effect of Titanium Oxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles on Reduced Crude Oil Residue
Authors: Shakir Sarah Talib , Husham Mohammed Al. Tameemi , Asaad Saasa Agrab , Durgam Flaih Hatem , Ahmed Abbas Ubead 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Over the last decade, Nanotechnology has been developed and enter in many fields especially in the oil and gas industries such as gas mobility control, sensing or imaging, enhanced oil recovery and other applications. Nanotechnology research and development in the oil and gas industries are very active and this is because of special properties of nanoparticles. The purpose of this paper is to review recent research into the effect of nanoparticles of titanium oxide (TiO2) on reduce crude oil viscosity that produce from atmospheric distillation. RCR has high viscosity and transport of it is very difficult through pipes caused many problems and financial loses so that many treatments are needed to overcome these problems. This research investigated many parameters through three pipes with different diameters (0.0127, 0.01905 and 0.0254 m) I.D., different concentrations (0.00625, 0.0125, 0.01875, 0.025 and 0.0375 (gm/L) w/v) at 50 oC and flow rate is about 50% of maximum. The results of this research: are display below:-The drag reduction performance is much better in larger pipes diameter than smaller, TiO2 NP’s effect on RCR viscosity and the maximum percentage of viscosity deviation is about 1.6% and addition of TiO2 NP’s to RCR is reduced pressure drop, %Dr and shear stress.
Room mode analysis for classrooms: a case study in the College of Engineering
Authors: Ibrahim Shatha AJ 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Noise can affect students through both auditory and non-auditory effects, which can compromise concentration, and learning and communication abilities. According to a previous study done by the same author in the College of Engineering, Al-Mustansiriyah University, it was observed that 39.5% of the students suffered because of the noise in the classrooms. They felt discomfort, hearing difficulty, need to raise speech sound, tinnitus, lack of focusing, nausea, and headache. Therefore, the room mode was calculated for different classrooms size in various departments to evaluate their sound quality and compare the results with standards. Acoustic parameters, namely background noise and reverberation time, were also measured and analyzed. The room mode analysis showed that most of the frequencies are focused around the transition range of frequency, causing maximum and minimum peaks in frequency response of 20 dB or greater. Therefore, the sound quality in the classrooms is not appropriate for education. Background noise levels and reverberation time are higher than the values established by the standards. Thus, it is recommended that an appropriate acoustical environment in the classrooms should be developed for the benefit of students and teachers.
Performance of Nanoparticles Combination (SiO2, Al2O3) on Highway Concrete Pavement
Authors: Ahmed Nahla Yassoub , Alkhafaji Fatimah Fahem 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Nano materials are being used in concrete technology to enhance the sustainability of performance grade for the pavement construction. In this paper, test investigations are conducted to study the addition effect of nanoparticles combination (Al2O3, SiO2) with the average diameter of 20 nm and with different acceptable percentages (Al2O3 : 0% and SiO2 : 0 %), (Al2O3 : 0.5% and SiO2 : 0.5 %), (Al2O3 : 0.5% and SiO2 : 1 %), (Al2O3 : 0.5% and SiO2 : 1.5 %), (Al2O3 : 1% and SiO2 : 0.5 %), (Al2O3 : 1.5% and SiO2 : 0.5 %) and (Al2O3 : 1% and SiO2 : 1 %) by weight of cement on the mechanical properties (compressive strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity) and the thickness design of concrete pavement. The optimal combination which contributed to the highest values of mechanical properties at (28) days in order to maintain the workability requirement of nano concrete mixes was found (Al2O3 : 1% and SiO2 : 0.5 %) which associated with the decrement in concrete pavement thickness, when all other factors were held constant. It is concluded that cement modification with nano particles (combination of SiO2 and Al2O3) increased compressive strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity though decreased concrete pavement thickness.
Effect of rubber tire on behaviour of subgrade expansive Iraqi soils
Authors: Hasan Hanan Adnan , Mohammed Lecturer Hadeel Ammar , Masood Lecturer Ghadah Ghassan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study focuses on improving an expansive soils geotechnical properties treated by tire crumble and decreasing the natural contamination by this waste material. The waste rubber of tire in the form of crumble with size ranging between 0.08 to 2 mm with proportion from 0 to 10% was used in this examination. Routine tests such as compaction, unconfined compressive strength, consolidation and swelling pressure test have been done on untreated and treated soils with crumble tire rubber. According to the test results it was found that, the maximum dry density of treated samples decrease with increased tire crumble content, while a slight reduction in the optimum moisture content was found simultaneously. Also, the results of unconfined compression tests showed that, the crumble tire rubber could not improve the properties despite the fact that that the soil still in the hardened consistency. In like manner results demonstrate that using crumble rubber might be successful procedure in upgrading the soil characteristics against swelling potential of soils by approximately 29.8, 43.4, 49.39, 14.77 times than untreated soil for (1, 3, 5, 10%) tire crumble rubber content. In addition the results show increasing crumble tire rubber content from 1 to 5% gave low displacement values by about (26.01 - 43.9)% than its value in untreated samples. Finally, it has additionally seen that using of crumble tire rubber aides in decreasing the compression index, consolidation coefficient, permeability coefficient and volume change coefficient.
Design, Manufacturing and Testing of Biaxial Mechanical Travelling Pluviator
Authors: Aldefae Asad H. , Saleem Hiba D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper includes design, manufacturing, operation and testing of a special device for preparation of granular or sandy soil (cohesionless soil) models that widely used as a part of the physical modelling in geotechnical engineering which is a main part of the civil engineering. To achieve a desired and uniform relative density of sandy soil models during preparation, air pluviation technique using pluviator is more suitable as the sand particles can be dandified through falling of sand grains from different heights and may even reaches to very dense state. Steel materials from local markets are used in the design of mechanical pluviator manufacturing. The mechanical pluviator consist of main steel frame, movable bench that can be moved up and down mechanically, crane lever to control on the pluviator container, pulleys and wheels. CPT tests are conducted at different prepared sandy models to investigate the skin resistance at different densities and the results shows great agreement. Different steel sections materials with different light steel plates which reduce the device weight available in the local markets were used in the manufacturing of the pluviator machine. The machine was provided by crane lever and gear box that can be controlled mechanically to achieve the desired height for the falling sand grains. The maximum height that can be attained is 120 cm and 40 cm is the minimum value. The machine contained also a v-shape container provided with 4 reels or pulleys that can be moved back and forth along two parallel steel tubes girders which the filled sandy model is located below it. The v shape container has two plate sides; the first one is fixed while the other is movable to achieve the desired opening depth or slot width and can be changed easily. The container with its carried frame can be controlled via mechanical rode that can be move up and down using multi-coil wire. The machine is verified using cone penetration test at results at different soil relative densities.
Three Dimensional Analysis of Raft Foundation Rest on Homogenous Soil Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Fakhraldin M K , Shlash K T 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The study includes analysis of Al – Samaraie Hospital raft foundation by the finite element method (FEM) using program package Fear 4.0. The analysis conducted on the foundation is resting on infinite, homogeneous, isotropic soil. In this study, effect of raft thickness, soil properties, modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio of soil are investigated. The most dominant parameters such as thickness of raft foundation, modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio of soil are graphically plotted against maximum displacements, maximum positive and negative bending moments (Mx, My and Mxy). The results showed that raft thickness and soil properties play a vital role in changing the values of maximum positive and negative moments (Mx, My) and maximum displacements, while their effect on maximum positive and negative moment (Mxy) can be considered as insignificant. Also, empirical equations have been developed to calculate maximum positive and negative bending moment (Mx, My) and maximum displacements beneath the raft. This is performed by the aid of statistical program (Statistic). The accuracy of the proposed equations was ranging between 92.7% and 99.9%.
Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate-Modified Pavement Mixture
Authors: Al-Haydari Israa Saeed , Al-Haidari Hawraa Saeed 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Utilization of by-product or waste materials in paving structure may provide environmental and economic advantages. Accordingly, in this experimental study, the waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymers, shredded water bottles, was used in hot mix asphalt (HMA) preparation. The HMA’s mechanical properties were inspected by means of Marshall Stability, volumetric characteristics, Indirect Tensile Strength Test, and Tensile Strength Ratio. The laboratory test results revealed a significant enhancement in mechanical performance, especially in moisture damage resistance results.
Temperature Records in Concrete Box-Girder Segment Subjected to Solar Radiation and Air Temperature Changes
Authors: Abid Sallal. R. , Tayşi Nildem , Özakça Mustafa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the experimental results of a full-scale concrete box-girder segment subjected to ambient thermal loads. The experimental segment was instrumented with 62 thermocouples to measure the concrete temperatures in different locations and a weather station to measure air temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation. The records from the different sensors were collected for more than one year at time intervals of 30 minutes. The full one-year records showed that the maximum vertical temperature gradient was occurred in June and was approximately 20 °C, while the maximum lateral temperature gradient was occurred in December and was 19 °C. Finally, a vertical temperature gradient model, which composes of three multi-linear parts, was proposed. The resulted temperature distributions, stresses, and deflection from the proposed model were closer to those of the experimental gradient compared to the AASHTO’s and the NZ Bridge Manual’s gradient models.
The Environmental Impact Reduction of Highway Traffic Congestion using Sustainable Tool
Authors: Abdulwahab Areej Muhy , Torki Halla A. , Jaism Abbas F. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The global environment is mainly affected by the increase in traffic volumes at intersections in terms of air pollution. Serious solutions are needed to avoid air pollution specially in the crowded in congested intersections. Recently, the concept of sustainability and sustainable tools has been found to minimize congestion and excess emissions of the gaseous pollutants problem to some extent. The current study focused on a critical intersection in Baghdad city which is Shaab-Selekh intersection. Shaab-Selekh intersection can be classified as the most congested intersection for its high traffic density, especially in the morning and afternoon peak hours. This study evaluates the level of service, estimating the environmental impact (air pollution) due to traffic congestion, and propose set of sustainable tools to reduce air pollution associated with reduced congestion traffic. In order to reach these objectives, many factors were considered such as traffic volumes and counting time periods (morning and afternoon peak hour) in December 2018 by (video recording technique and manual counting). In addition, SIDRA software version 5.1 was used to evaluate the level of service for the intersection and indicated that it equal to LOS F, and to estimate air pollutants (CO2, HC, CO, NO2). This study will also compare air pollutants for the study area with international standards and the congestion cause negative impacts on the environment.
Behavior of Pre-stressed Concrete Deep Beams
Authors: Hajam Zuhear Abed , Mahmoud Kamal Shahada , Yousif Mustafa Ahmed 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Six simply supported deep beams were tested to show the influence of prestressing strand on the behavior of reinforced concrete deep beams. All tested beams have same gross sectional area (42000) mm2, compressive strength (30) MPa, clear span length (1000) mm, longitudinal and vertical reinforcement and the strengthened beams are strengthening by one strand with (12.7mm) diameter. Tested beams were divided into two groups according to the existence of prestressing strand, the first group consist of one deep beam without prestressing strand and it is considered as a reference, while, the second group consist of five Pre-stressed concrete deep beams divided according to the magnitude of jacking stress (fpj) ranging from (250 to 450) bar. During the test, it was found that, the load deflection curves for Pre-stressed concrete deep beams are stiffer compared with the reference beam and the percentage of stiffness was increased with the increase in the magnitude of jacking stress (fpj), and the maximum applied load increased to 8.89%, 13.68%, 18.00%, 24.77% and 33.55% with increasing the jacking stress respectively, compared with the refer beam. on the other hand, the deflection values at mid span increase with decreasing rate to 46.34%, 31.71%, 19.51%,9.75% and 2.44% with increasing the jacking stress respectively, compared with reference beam and the maximum applied load at first crack was increased to 13.64%, 15.56%, 17.4%, 20.84% and 26.93% with increasing jacking stress respectively, compared with reference beam. Finally, the failure mode for deep beam changed from flexural-shear failure to diagonal splitting failure when prestressing strand has been added.
Effect of joint positions on flexural behaviors of box segmental specimens internally post tensioned under cyclic and static loadings
Authors: Wrayosh Waleed A. , Hashim Ahmed H. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to get a better knowledge of effect of joint positions on flexural behavior of box segmental specimens under bending stresses. Three segmental specimens with internal tendons were produced and tested. Each segmental specimen was produced assembling three precast concrete segments and they were connected by using four post tensioning tendons. All segmental specimens were formed with dry joint type, but they different in joint positions. All specimens were tested under two types of loadings cyclic and static two point loads. The test of cyclic loading was carried out by exposure each specimen to three loading cycles. The static load test was carried out in same rate of loading that of cyclic load test and all girder specimens were tested up to failure. The loads versus deflections at specified points were recorded. Also, cracking, mode of failure and ultimate loads values were recorded as well as the concrete surface strains at the specified locations for both loadings.
Study the Effect of Mineral Filler on the Mechanical Properties of Hot Mix Asphalt
Authors: Mohammed Eman Abdul Al-Hasan , Mohamad Safaa A , Khaled Teba Tariq , Alzubaidi Ayar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The important component in the asphalt mixture is mineral filler materials as it plays an essential part in the stiffening and toughening of asphalt binder. In addition, the mechanical properties of asphalt binder are influenced by the mineral filler, and significantly affected with respect to stripping or moisture susceptibility. This paper is displayed the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures that used asphalt binder grade (40-50), the gradation of aggregates selected with the mid-point according to the Iraqi specification and two types of mineral filler materials (High Reactivity Attapulgite (HRA) and Portland Cement (PC)) according to the empirical requirements. The mixtures are produced and compacted according to the Marshall Mix design method. In addition, this paper is displayed the positive influence of HRA and PC in the asphalt mixtures such as (Volumetric Properties, Marshall Properties, Marshall Stiffness, the Indirect Tensile Strength and Moisture Susceptibility). The results explained that the (5%) and (7%) HRA had an important influence on the properties of asphalt mixtures. With the increment in the percentages of HRA, the volumetric properties of asphalt mixtures enhanced. Laboratory investigation results support the advantage of adding HRA to the asphalt mixtures. HRA as an active mineral filler has good resistance to moisture sensitivity and mechanical properties, which contributes to extending the life cycle of the pavement layer.
Evaluation of Recycled Demolition Waste Aggregates for base and sub-base use in Roads
Authors: Thameel Salah Sabbar , Mustafa Ayad Sliebi , Mohsin Ahmed Abdulkadhim 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Recycling of debris to obtain the recycled aggregates for sub-base materials in road construction is a foremost application to be promoted to gain economical and sustainable benefits. In this study, different types of demolition waste samples were subjected classification tests such as chemical tests, particle size distribution, compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test. The experimental work included fourteen samples at different weight were taken to determine the proportion of demolition waste subbase. The result of sampling tests were compared with the general specifications for roads and bridges (SORB/R6), it was f that the effect of SO3, gypsum and total soluble salt (TSS) parameter on the demolition waste subbase were low and the gradation of demolition waste subbase was class A. the California bearing ratio CBR value was 37% with maximum dry density 2035 kg/m3, in addition the average compaction test was 95.98%, whereas the optimum moisture content of the study materials was 8%.