bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of a New On-site Inpatient Psychiatric Unit in an Urban Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Hasken Clare , Wagers Brian , Sondhi Jennifer , Miller Jason , Kanis Jessica 
Published: July 2020

Objective
The objective of this study was to describe the impact of opening an inpatient child psychiatric unit in an urban tertiary care pediatric emergency department (PED).

Design/Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed of pediatric patients seen in the PED at a large tertiary care center who presented for a primary psychiatric concern before opening of the inpatient psychiatric unit within the same hospital and 6 months following, allowing for a 6-month adjustment period. Patients were identified via query of the ED Cube model, an institutional database by a “behavioral health” flag that is documented in triage. Patients were excluded if subsequent chart review did not reveal a psychiatric concern and the patient did not undergo psychiatric evaluation during the PED visit. Charts were reviewed for baseline patient demographics, psychiatric interventions performed, and disposition. Additional flow metrics obtained were PED volume, percentage of psychiatric visits, and length of stay for both psychiatric-related visits compared with the general population.

Results
Visits to the PED for psychiatric evaluation increased 135% from 91 to 226 after initiation of an inpatient psychiatric unit. There was no difference in baseline patient demographics or rate of medical/mechanical restraints used. Percentage of behavioral health patients admitted to medical units decreased, although overall admission rate remained stable. Length of stay for behavioral health patients was longer after opening of the unit and remained significantly higher than the general population before opening of the inpatient unit, 363 minutes versus 177 minutes, respectively, and further lengthened after to 418 minutes versus 188 minutes.

Discussion
Patients presenting for psychiatric evaluation are a significant burden to PED flow both in volume and time for evaluation and boarding. This is to the detriment of patients seeking appropriate mental health services and to the rest of patients in the PED. Both inpatient and outpatient psychiatric services are overwhelmed creating a downstream affect; limited resources delays disposition and increases boarding in the PED. Further resources are needed to appropriately address psychiatric concerns, such as dedicated psychiatric holding units and brief PED interventions targeted to safety planning and interventions.
Comparison of Computed Tomography Use and Mortality in Severe Pediatric Blunt Trauma at Pediatric Level I Trauma Centers Versus Adult Level 1 and 2 or Pediatric Level 2 Trauma Centers
Authors: Wiitala Ellen L. , Parker Jessica L. , Jones Jeffrey S. , Benner Christopher A. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction
Computed tomography (CT) is the criterion standard for identifying blunt trauma injuries in pediatric patients, but there are long-term risks of CT exposure. In pediatric blunt trauma, multiple studies have shown that increased CT usage does not necessarily equate to improvements in mortality. The aim of this study was to compare CT usage between level 1 pediatric trauma centers versus level 2 pediatric centers and adult level 1 and 2 centers.

Methods
We performed a retrospective, multicenter analysis of National Trauma Data Bank patient records from the single admission year of 2015. Eligible subjects were defined as younger than 18 years with abdominal or thoracic blunt trauma, had an Injury Severity Scale score of greater than 15, and were treated at a level 1 or 2 trauma center. Data were then compared between children treated at level 1 pediatric trauma centers (PTC group) versus level 2 PTCs or adult level 1/2 trauma centers (ATC group). The primary outcomes measured were rates of head, thoracic, abdominal CT, and mortality. Data from ATC and PTC groups were propensity matched for age, sex, race, and Glasgow Coma Scale.

Results
There were 6242 patients after exclusion criteria. Because of differences in patient demographics, we propensity matched 2 groups of 1395 patients. Of these patients, 39.6% of PTC patients received abdominal CT versus 45.5% of ATC patients (P = 0.0017). Similarly, 21.9% of PTC patients received thoracic CT versus 34.7% of ATC patients (P < 0.0001). There was no difference in head CT usage between PTC and ATC groups (P = 1.0000). There was no significant difference in mortality between patients treated in the PTC versus ATC groups (P = 0.1198).

Conclusions
Among children with severe blunt trauma, patients treated at level 1 PTCs were less likely to receive thoracic and abdominal CTs than those treated at level 2 pediatric or adult trauma level 1/2 centers, with no significant differences in mortality. These findings support the use of selective imaging in severe blunt pediatric trauma.
Surgery First and Invisalign System: Combined Digital Approach
Authors: Amodeo Giulia , Meuli Simonetta , Carboni Andrea , Brugnami Federico , Marrocco Sergio , Orsini Raniero , Scopelliti Domenico 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
The aim of the present paper is to verify the long-term results in dental and skeletal stability in terms of symmetry, occlusion and functional balance by the association between the IS and the SF technique.

Methods:
In this paper, the authors described 12 cases of severe class III malocclusion treated by the association between the IS and the SF technique.

Results:
At 1 year of post-orthodontic follow up, the patients present an Angle class I occlusal relationship, no deep bite, no scissor or cross-bite and no open bite. No one patient referred TMJ discomfort nor severe post-surgical complications and no surgical-orthodontic relapse occurred. The surgical and occlusal results are stable in terms of stability in all patients.

Conclusion:
The results of this study suggest the validity of our protocol in management of class III malocclusion patients.
Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Signaling Pathways in Glioma by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Xu Chang , Su Wenjing , Jiang Xingyue 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Gene alterations are very vital when it comes to the molecular pathogenesis of glioma. In this study, there was the design of the probable candidate genes in the glioma.

Methods:
Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database data sets of glioma tissue were retrieved and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the individual microarray were merged. The following were performed: Gene Ontology; enrichment analysis; Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG); pathway analysis; protein-protein interaction networks analysis.

Results:
The following were selected: 4 GEO data sets that included 370 high-grade glioma samples as well as 169 low-grade glioma samples. Identification of a total of 174 DEGs was done. Out of the identified DEGs, 82 were upregulated and 92 were downregulated genes. According to the Gene Ontology analysis, the primary biologic focus of DEGs included passive transmembrane transporter activity, regulation of channel activity, as well as the revelation that the biologic roles of DEGs aimed primarily on regulating channel activity, as well as the monovalent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity. The most significant pathway in KEGG analysis was PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Some of the significant hub genes as per the protein-protein interaction network analysis included CDC20, NDC80, DLGAP5, CENPF, CENPE, ASPM, TPX2, TOP2A, RRM2, and PRC1.

Conclusion:
From this study, it is evidenced that the use of integrated bioinformatics analyses in screening for pathways and DEGs in glioma can help us understand the clinical significance of understanding glioma, the molecular mechanism that underlies the development of glioma, as well as the provision of an effective target to treat glioma.
Intraosseous Lipoma in the Mandibular Condyle
Authors: Han Xiaodong , Shao Xiaojun , Lin Xiaozhen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Intraosseous lipomas are rare benign tumors of the bone, especially for the mandible. The etiology remains unclear, although several hypotheses have been proposed, such as trauma, blood vessel infarction, aging and inflammation. Clinically, the symptoms mainly depend on the location and size of the tumors. Radiographically, the lesions are usually radiolucent occasionally accompanied by radiopacity. The diagnosis is challenging, and histopathologic examination is necessary for definite diagnosis. Herein, the authors report an unusual patient with intraosseous lipoma in the mandibular condyle.
Gingival Sulcus Incision for Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture
Authors: Kokubo Kenichi , Katori Nobutada , Fujii Akiko , Kitamura Sho , Ninomiya Ryunosuke , Haga Shoko , Maegawa Jiro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The usual surgical approaches for zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture are subciliary incision, transconjunctival incision, eyebrow incision, lateral canthal incision, coronal incision, preauricular incision, and superior gingivobuccal incision. In the intraoral approach, a horizontal mucoperiosteal incision is performed at the superior gingivobuccal region, and sometimes, includes the upper labial frenum. This may cause discomfort in the oral cavity because of postoperative scarring and shortening of the upper labial frenum. To avoid these complications, the authors performed a novel approach using gingival sulcus incision instead of oral mucosal incision to treat 5 zygomatic fractures. The authors evaluated the regression of the gingival interdental papillae, gingival swelling, and gingival perception at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after the operation. The regression of the gingival papillae and gingival swelling disappeared 3 months and 1 month after the operation, respectively. No paresthesia was observed in any of the cases. The gingival sulcus approach can lead to scarless results and contribute considerably to the aesthetic appearance of the oral cavity.
Identification and characterization of key long non-coding RNAs in the mouse cochlea
Authors: Koffler-Brill Tal , Taiber Shahar , Anaya Alejandro , Bordeynik-Cohen Mor , Rosen Einat , Kolla Likhitha , Messika-Gold Naama , Elkon Ran , Kelley Matthew W. , Ulitsky Igor , Avraham Karen B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe auditory system is a complex sensory network with an orchestrated multilayer regulatory program governing its development and maintenance. Accumulating evidence has implicated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as important regulators in numerous systems, as well as in pathological pathways. However, their function in the auditory system has yet to be explored. Using a set of specific criteria, we selected four lncRNAs expressed in the mouse cochlea, which are conserved in the human transcriptome and are relevant for inner ear function. Bioinformatic characterization demonstrated a lack of coding potential and an absence of evolutionary conservation that represent properties commonly shared by their class members. RNAscope analysis of the spatial and temporal expression profiles revealed specific localization to inner ear cells. Sub-cellular localization analysis presented a distinct pattern for each lncRNA and mouse tissue expression evaluation displayed a large variability in terms of level and location. Our findings establish the expression of specific lncRNAs in different cell types of the auditory system and present a potential pathway by which the lncRNAGas5acts in the inner ear. Studying lncRNAs and deciphering their functions may deepen our knowledge of inner ear physiology and morphology and may reveal the basis of as yet unresolved genetic hearing loss-related pathologies. Moreover, our experimental design may be employed as a reference for studying other inner ear-related lncRNAs, as well as lncRNAs expressed in other sensory systems.
Suppression of chromosome instability limits acquired drug resistance
Authors: Crowley Elizabeth A , Hermance Nicole M , Herlihy Conor P , Manning Amity L 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNumerical chromosome instability, or nCIN, defined as the high frequency of whole chromosome gains and losses, is prevalent in many solid tumors. nCIN has been shown to promote intra-tumor heterogeneity and corresponds with tumor aggressiveness, drug resistance and tumor relapse. While increased nCIN has been shown to promote the acquisition of genomic changes responsible for drug resistance, the potential to modulate nCIN in a therapeutic manner has not been well explored. Here we assess the role of nCIN in the acquisition of drug resistance in non small cell lung cancer. We show that generation of whole chromosome segregation errors in non small cell lung cancer cells is sensitive to manipulation of microtubule dynamics and that enhancement of chromosome cohesion strongly suppresses nCIN and reduces intra-tumor heterogeneity. We demonstrate that suppression of nCIN has no impact on non small cell lung cancer cell proliferationin vitronor in tumor initiation in mouse xenograft models. However, suppression of nCIN alters the timing and molecular mechanisms that drive acquired drug resistance. These findings suggest mechanisms to suppress nCIN may serve as effective co-therapies to limit tumor evolution and sustain drug response.Statement of SignificanceModulation of microtubule dynamics in cells that exhibit chromosome instability (CIN) is sufficient to promote mitotic fidelity, reduce genomic heterogeneity, and limit acquisition of drug resistance.
Evaluating High Spatial Resolution Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging at 3T: Reproducibility and Quality of Fit
Authors: Kasa Loxlan W. , Haast Roy A.M. , Kuehn Tristan K. , Mushtaha Farah N. , Baron Corey A. , Peters Terry , Khan Ali R. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundDiffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) quantifies the microstructure’s non-Gaussian diffusion properties. However, it has increased fitting parameters and requires higher b-values. Evaluation of DKI reproducibility is important for clinical purposes.PurposeTo assess reproducibility in whole-brain high resolution DKI at varying b-values.Study TypeProspective.Subjects and PhantomsForty-four individuals from the test-retest Human Connectome Project (HCP) database and twelve 3D-printed tissue mimicking phantoms.Field Strength/SequenceMultiband echo-planar imaging forin vivoand phantom diffusion-weighted imaging at 3T and 9.4T respectively. MPRAGE at 3T forin vivostructural data.AssessmentFrom HCP data with b-value =1000,2000,3000 s/mm2(dataset A), two additional datasets with b-values=1000, 3000 s/mm2(dataset B) and b-values=1000, 2000 s/mm2(dataset C) were extracted. Estimated DKI metrics from each dataset were used for evaluating reproducibility and fitting quality in whole-brain white matter (WM), region of interest (ROI) and gray matter (GM).Statistical TestsDKI reproducibility was assessed using the within-subject coefficient of variation (CoV), fitting residuals to evaluate DKI fitting accuracy and Pearson’s correlation to investigate presence of systematic biases.ResultsCompared to dataset C, the CoV from DKI parameters from datasets A and B were comparable, with WM and GM CoVs <20%, while differences between datasets were smaller for the DKI-derived DTI parameters. Slightly higher fitting residuals were observed in dataset C compared to A and B, but lower residuals in dataset B were detected for the WM ROIs. A similar trend was observed for the phantom data with comparable CoVs at varying fiber orientations for datasets A and B. In addition, dataset C was characterized by higher residuals across the different fiber crossings.Data ConclusionThe comparable reproducibility of DKI maps between datasets A and B observed in thein vivoand phantom data indicates that high reproducibility can still be achieved within a reasonable scan time, supporting DKI for clinical purposes.HIGHLIGHTS:Reproducibility and fitting accuracy of high resolution DKI were evaluated as function of available b-values.A DKI dataset with b-values of 1000 and 3000 s/mm2performs equally well as the original HCP three-shell dataset, while a dataset with b-values of 1000 and 2000 s/mm2has lower reproducibility and fitting quality.In vivoresults were verified using phantoms capable of mimicking different white matter configurations.These results suggest that DKI data can be obtained within less time, without sacrificing data quality.
GuidePro: A multi-source ensemble predictor for prioritizing sgRNAs in CRISPR/Cas9 protein knockouts
Authors: He Wei , Wang Helen , Wei Yanjun , Jiang Zhiyun , Tang Yitao , Chen Yiwen , Xu Han 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated protein knockout is determined by three factors: sequence-specific sgRNA activity, frameshift probability, and the characteristics of targeted amino acids. A number of computational methods have been developed for predicting sgRNA efficiency from different perspectives. We propose GuidePro, a two-layer ensemble predictor that enables the integration of multiple predictive methods and feature sets. GuidePro leverages information from DNA sequences, amino acids, and protein structures, and reduces the impact of dataset-specific biases. Tested on independent datasets, GuidePro demonstrated consistent superior performance in predicting phenotypes caused by protein loss-of-function. GuidePro is implemented as a web application for prioritizing sgRNAs that target protein-coding genes in human, monkey and mouse genomes, available athttps://bioinformatics.mdanderson.org/apps/GuidePro.
The Synaptonemal Complex Central Region Modulates Crossover Pathways and Feedback Control of Meiotic Double-strand Break Formation
Authors: Lee Min-Su , Higashide Mika T. , Choi Hyungseok , Li Ke , Hong Soogil , Lee Kangseok , Shinohara Akira , Shinohara Miki , Kim Keun P. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe synaptonemal complex (SC) is a proteinaceous structure that mediates homolog engagement and genetic recombination during meiosis. Zip-Mer-Msh (ZMM) proteins promote crossover (CO) formation and initiate SC formation. In SC elongation, the SUMOylated SC component Ecm11 and its interacting protein Gmc2 facilitate the polymerization of Zip1, a SC-central region component in budding yeast. Through physical recombination, cytological, and genetic analyses, we here demonstrate thatecm11andgmc2mutants exhibit chromosome-specific defects in meiotic recombination. CO frequencies were reduced on a short chromosome (chromosome III), whereas CO and non-crossover (NCO) frequencies were increased on a long chromosome (chromosome VII). Further, persistent double-strand breaks (DSBs) occurred in unsynapsed chromosome regions during the late prophase, suggesting the presence of a negative regulation of DSB formation. The Ecm11-Gmc2 (EG) complex could participate in joint molecule (JM) processing and/or double-Holliday junction resolution for CO-designated recombination of the ZMM-dependent pathway. However, absence of the EG complex ameliorated the JM-processing defect inzmmmutants, suggesting a role of these proteins in suppression of ZMM-independent recombination. Therefore, the EG complex fosters ZMM-dependent processing and resolution of JMs while suppressing ZMM-independent JM processing and late DSB formation. Hence, EG-mediated SC central regions, which display properties similar to those of liquid crystals, may function as a compartment for sequestering recombination proteins in and out of the process to ensure meiosis specificity during recombination.
Constrained non-coding sequence provides insights into regulatory elements and loss of gene expression in maize
Authors: Song Baoxing , Wang Hai , Wu Yaoyao , Rees Evan , Gates Daniel J , Burch Merritt , Bradbury Peter J. , Ross-Ibarra Jeff , Kellogg Elizabeth A. , Hufford Matthew B. , Romay M. Cinta , Buckler Edward S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDNA sequencing technology has advanced so quickly, identifying key functional regions using evolutionary approaches is required to understand how those genomes work. This research develops a sensitive sequence alignment approach to identify functional constrained non-coding sequences in the Andropogoneae tribe. The grass tribe Andropogoneae contains several crop species descended from a common ancestor ~18 million years ago. Despite broadly similar phenotypes, they have tremendous genomic diversity with a broad range of ploidy levels and transposons. These features make Andropogoneae a powerful system for studying conserved non-coding sequence (CNS), here we used it to understand the function of CNS in maize. We find that 86% of CNS comprise known genomic elements e.g.,cis-regulatory elements, chromosome interactions, introns, several transposable element superfamilies, and are linked to genomic regions related to DNA replication initiation, DNA methylation and histone modification. In maize, we show that CNSs regulate gene expression and variants in CNS are associated with phenotypic variance, and rare CNS absence contributes to loss of gene expression. Furthermore, we find the evolution of CNS is associated with the functional diversification of duplicated genes in the context of the maize subgenomes. Our results provide a quantitative understanding of constrained non-coding elements and identify functional non-coding variation in maize.
Controllability over stressor decreases responses in key threat-related brain areas
Authors: Limbachia Chirag , Morrow Kelly , Khibovska Anastasiia , Meyer Christian , Padmala Srikanth , Pessoa Luiz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractControllability over stressors has major impacts on brain and behavior. In humans, however, the effect of controllability on the responses to stressors themselves is poorly understood. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated how controllability altered responses to a shock-plus-sound stressor. Using a between-group yoked design, participants in controlled and uncontrolled groups experienced the same amount of stressor exposure. Employing both Bayesian multilevel analysis targeting regions of interest and standard voxelwise analysis, we found that controllability decreased stressor-related responses across key threat-related regions, notably in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (part of the extended amygdala) and the anterior insula. The posterior cingulate cortex, the posterior insula, and possibly the medial frontal gyrus (in exploratory analyses) were uncovered as sites where control over the stressor increased brain responses. Our findings support the idea that the aversiveness of the stressor is reduced when controllable, leading to decreased responses across key regions involved in anxiety-related processing, even at the level of the extended amygdala.