bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konstrukcja komunikacji w reklamach leków i suplementów diety
Authors: Haławin Arkadiusz 
Published: July 2020

The construction of communication in the advertising of medicines and dietary supplements The article is focused on the issue of communication constructs that are most often used in advertising of medicines and dietary supplements. Medical companies spend more and more money on advertising their products, which causes an increase in sales of pharmaceuticals and para-pharmaceuticals. A variety of manipulative techniques and social influence are used in advertising. Increasingly we can see repetitive communication strategies and language constructs, which are based on such ads. The pharmaceutical sector is one of the top advertisers in terms of spending on promotion — it invariably remains in the second position. More money is spent only by the sector of food and beverages.The most often used strategies focus primarily on showing discomfort and overcoming problems as an important part of a happy end. Based on simple scenarios, patterns, and slogans, which are characterized by uncomplitated message and strong visibility of the product. Strong emotional components are an important element, for example showing a happy family or sad children. What persuasive communication is like can also be affected through emphasis on speed, efficiency and length of action. This element is probably very important for each potential recipient of the product.
Analyse du génome des espèces d’élevage : projet d’établissement de la carte génétique du porc et des bovins
Authors: GELLIN J. , GROSCLAUDE F. 
Published: July 2020

Comparées à celles de l’homme et de la souris, les cartes génétiques des espèces d’élevage sont encore très rudimentaires. Toutefois, la gamme des techniques actuellement disponibles permet désormais de progresser rapidement dans l’établissement de ces cartes. L’objectif immédiat des équipes de génétique moléculaire et cytogénétique de l’INRA est d’identifier, pour les génomes bovin (à Jouy-en-Josas) et porcin (à Toulouse essentiellement), un premier réseau de marqueurs distants d’environ 20 centimorgans, soit un ensemble d’environ 150 marqueurs. Compte tenu du fait que l’organisation du génome est relativement conservée d’une espèce de mammifères à l’autre, les connaissances acquises chez l’homme et la souris permettront, dans une certaine mesure, de guider les travaux de cartographie des espèces d’élevage. On attend de ces recherches : 1) la mise en évidence des régions du génome intervenant dans la variabilité des caractères quantitatifs ; 2) des bases de départ pour le clonage des gènes d’intérêt zootechnique ; 3) le repérage précoce de gènes majeurs à l’aide de gènes marqueurs proches ; 4) une meilleure appréciation de la diversité génétique des races et 5) une précision accrue dans l’identification des animaux et le contrôle des filiations. Des collaborations internationales se mettent en place, notamment dans le cadre de la CEE.
Conséquences de l’augmentation de la prolificité sur l’élevage des agneaux et sur la production de viande
Authors: THERIEZ M. 
Published: July 2020

L’accroissement de la taille de la portée entraîne une réduction du poids de chacun des agneaux produits. Cette diminution est de l’ordre de 20 % par agneau supplémentaire dans les races "classiques" et voisine de 15 % pour les races prolifiques. La composition chimique des nouveau-nés évolue également avec la prolificité : leurs teneurs en protéines et en lipides diminuent avec leur poids à la naissance. Les agneaux de faible poids ont plus de difficultés à s’adapter à l’environnement et leur taux de mortalité au cours des premières 48 heures est très supérieur à celui des agneaux plus lourds. Au cours de la période d’allaitement (6-8 semaines), la consommation de lait des agneaux multiples et leur croissance sont inférieures en valeur absolue (g/j) à celles des simples, mais identiques en valeur relative (g/kg PV/j). Il en résulte, à 6-7 semaines, une différence de poids vif d’environ 2,4 kg par kg d’écart de poids à la naissance, quel que soit le mode d’allaitement. Ces différences s’accentuent si les agneaux sont placés en conditions difficiles (pâturage) après sevrage, elles se maintiennent si les conditions d’élevage sont très favorables (bergerie). A partir de 10-12 kg de poids vif, la composition corporelle des agneaux, et plus particulièrement leur teneur en lipides, dépend de leur poids à la naissance. Plus l’agneau est léger à la naissance et plus sa teneur en lipides à un poids déterminé sera élevée. Cette différence est due à la réduction du potentiel de croissance du squelette par suite de la sous-nutrition in utero. Il est indispensable de réduire le poids à l’abattage des agneaux multiples, pour produire des carcasses à état d’engraissement constant. Un kg de moins à la naissance entraîne une diminution de 0,6 à 1 kg du poids de la carcasse.
Alimentation, croissance et reproduction chez la laie : études en conditions naturelles et en captivité
Authors: PÉPIN D. 
Published: July 2020

A partir de travaux récents effectués en conditions naturelles et en captivité, cet article analyse chez le Sanglier les relations existant entre alimentation, développement corporel, et reproduction. Pour un site d’étude donné, les marcassins des 2 sexes ont une croissance pondérale similaire jusqu’à l’âge de 1 an ; mais des disparités peuvent exister entre sites. Chez les adultes, le poids vif des mâles est supérieur à celui des femelles. Après une glandée, un gain de poids s’observe chez les adultes, et les naissances de marcassins sont plus précoces. En élevage, une réduction des besoins énergétiques est mise en évidence en été. Suite à une restriction alimentaire sévère puis à un régime ad libitum, la croissance corporelle de marcassins femelles est ralentie mais leur puberté n’est pas retardée. Une courte période de restriction alimentaire en fin de période de croissance permet d’avancer leur âge à la puberté sans que leur poids vif ne soit affecté. Par contre, une pénurie alimentaire prolongée retarde à la fois leur croissance et leur puberté. La connaissance de tels processus adaptatifs chez cette espèce peut donc permettre d’améliorer la gestion des populations naturelles et les conditions d’élevage.
Patient-individual cancer cell lines and tissue analysis delivers no evidence of sequences from DNA viruses in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Gock Michael , Kordt Marcel , Matschos Stephanie , Mullins Christina S. , Linnebacher Michael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Several DNA viruses are highly suspicious to have oncogenic effects in humans. This study investigates the presence of potentially oncogenic viruses such as SV40, JCV, BKV and EBV in patient-derived colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells typifying all molecular subtypes of CRC.Methods Sample material (gDNA and cDNA) of a total of 49 patient-individual CRC cell lines and corresponding primary material from 11 patients, including normal, tumor-derived and metastasis-derived tissue were analyzed for sequences of SV40, JVC, BKV and EBV using endpoint PCR. In addition, the susceptibility of CRC cells to JCV and BKV was examined using a long-term cultivation approach of patient-individual cells in the presence of viruses.Results No virus-specific sequences could be detected in all specimens. Likewise, no morphological changes were observed and no evidence for viral infection or integration could be provided after long term CRC cell cultivation in presence of viral particles.Conclusions In summary, the presented data suggest that there is no direct correlation between tumorigenesis and viral load and consequently no evidence for a functional role of the DNA viruses included into this analysis in CRC development.
Is Opium Use Associated with an Increased Risk of Lung Cancer? A Case-Control Study
Authors: Tahami Ahmad Naghibzadeh , Marzban Maryam , Feyzabadi Vahid Yazdi , Dabiri Shahryar , Mohseni Shokrollah , Rayeni Reza Abbasi , Fekri Mitra Samareh , Larizadeh Mohammad Hasan , karimpoor Behnaz , Khanjani Narges 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: In recent years, lung cancer (LC) incidence has increased in Iran. The use of opium and its derivatives (O&D) has increased as well. This study aimed to investigate the association between the use of O&D and LC incidence.Methods: In this case-control study conducted in Kerman, Iran; 140 patients with lung cancer and 280 healthy controls matched by age, sex, and place of residence were included. Data, including O&D use, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and diet, were collected using a structured questionnaire. The relation between the use of O&D and LC was evaluated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for tobacco smoking, education, daily intake of fruit, vegetables, red meat, and hydrogenated fats.Results: Opium ever-use was associated with an increased risk of LC (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =5.95, 95 % CI: 1.87 -18.92). Participants were divided into low and high use groups based on the median of opium use in the control group. A significant dose-response relation was observed between the amount of daily O&D use and LC; and the relation was stronger in high users (AOR low users = 3.81 % CI: 1.13 -12.77 and OR high users= 9.36, 95% CI: 2.05 -42.72). Also, LC was higher among participants starting the use of O&D at younger ages (≤ 41 years old vs never users AOR = 8.64, 95 % CI: 1.90 -39.18) compared to those who started at an older age ( >41 years old vs never users, AOR = 4.71, 95 % CI: 1.38 - 16.08). The association between opium, and lung cancer among non-smokers was OR: 6.50 (95% CI: 2.89 to 14.64).Conclusion: The results of this study show that opium use is probably a dose related risk factor for lung cancer.
Exploring the use and experience of an infant feeding genogram to facilitate an assets-based approach to support infant feeding
Authors: Thomson Gill , Ingram Jenny , Clarke Joanne L , Johnson Debbie , Trickey Heather , Dombrowski Stephan U , Hoddinott Pat , Darwent Kirsty , Jolly Kate 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: A lack of perceived social support influences women’s infant feeding behaviours. The Infant Feeding Genogram is a visual co-constructed diagram which details people/services that can provide support to women and can facilitate a connection between mothers and their existing assets landscape. The aim of this study is to explore women’s and infant feeding helpers’ experiences and use of an infant feeding genogram delivered to the intervention group of the Assets-based infant feeding help Before and After birth (ABA) randomised feasibility trial. Methods: 103 primiparous mothers aged 16+ years were recruited to the trial in two sites (Site A and Site B) with low breastfeeding prevalence in the UK. Infant feeding helpers (IFHs) co-constructed a genogram at the first antenatal meeting for the intervention group (n=50), and then provided proactive, woman-centered support from ~32 weeks gestation to up to 5 months postnatal. Infant feeding helpers and women’s experiences of the infant feeding genogram were collected via interviews or focus groups. Completed genograms were shared with researchers. Content analysis of the genograms and qualitative data from the interviews and focus groups were analysed thematically. Results: Data comprised 32 completed genograms, and qualitative insights from all 13 infant feeding helpers (two focus groups; 4 interviews) and interviews with a purposive sample of 21 of 50 intervention group women between 4-21 weeks after birth. Content analysis of the genograms highlighted variations, with more personal, individualised genograms completed at Site B compared to Site A. The perceived impact of the genogram was related to the IFHs’ application of the tool. The genogram was either used as intended to raise women’s awareness of available assets and motivate help-seeking behaviour, or as a data collection tool with limited perceived utility. Negative and positive unintended consequences of genogram use were highlighted. Conclusions: The genogram has the potential to offer a woman, family and community-centred approach that focusses on building assets for infant feeding. However, variations in genogram application indicate that revised training is required to clarify the purpose and ensure it is used as intended.
Effect of a Novel Stretching Technique on Shoulder Range of Motion in Overhead Athletes with Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficits: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gharisia Omar , Lohman Everett , Daher Noha , Eldridge Alan , Shallan Amjad , Jaber Hatem 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The cross-body and the modified sleeper stretch have been used to improve posterior shoulder soft tissue flexibility and to increase glenohumeral joint internal rotation (GHJ IR) in overhead athletes. However, due to the inability to stabilize patient’s scapula and control GHJ rotation with the cross-body stretch and the potential for subacromial impingement or symptoms’ aggravation with the modified sleeper stretch, a new stretching technique (Passive Glenohumeral Internal Rotation with Clam Shell Bridging) was developed as an alternative to these commonly used stretches that may allow for greater stability of the scapula without reproducing symptoms, as well as providing an inhibition component to the posterior shoulder girdle muscles. Thus, the current study aimed to examine and compare a novel stretching technique to the traditional modified sleeper stretch to determine the effect on glenohumeral IR range of motion (ROM), self-reported pain, and subject satisfaction in overhead athletes with glenohumeral internal rotation deficits (GIRD). Methods: Forty-two overhead athletes with GIRD [mean age 25.9 ± 2.6 years, 20 males and 22 females] participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned into either novel stretching group or modified sleeper stretching group. IR ROM was measured with a digital inclinometer, pain was measured with Numeric Pain Rating Scale, and subject satisfaction level was measured by a 6-item questionnaire developed and validated by the study’s authors. Outcomes were measured before, immediately, and at week 4 post intervention.Results: There was no significant group by time interaction effect for IR ROM (p=0.27); however, there was a significant change over time (p<0.001, η2=0.77). Both groups demonstrated a significant increase in IR from baseline to immediate and week 4, and from immediate to week 4 (p<0.001). There was also a significant reduction in pain intensity over time for the novel group (p=0.016, r=0.6) compared to the traditional group (p=0.080). For the satisfaction level, only the easiness of performance was significantly different and in favor of the traditional group (p=0.020, r=0.5) following the 4 weeks of the stretching protocols. Conclusion: Both stretches appear to be effective at improving IR ROM in overhead athletes with GIRD. However, the novel stretching is more effective at reducing shoulder pain and thus might be more appropriate for symptomatic patients. Trial registration: Prospectively registered in February 6, 2017 under Clinical Trial Registry # NCT03044236
Adequacy and complication rates of percutaneous renal biopsy with 18- vs. 16-gauge needles in native kidneys in Chinese individuals.
Authors: Xie Weiji , Xu Jing , Xie Yi , Lin Zhijun , Xu Xiaochang , Zhang Xia Lan , Zhang Yimin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) is the primary biopsy technique and it was used by 16G needles or 18G needles in China, but there is controversy about the effect and safety of the two different diameters. The study aims to compare the adequacy, complication rate and pathological classification when using 18G vs. 16G needles to perform renal biopsy with ultrasound-guidedance on native kidneys in Chinese individuals.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the number of glomeruli, adequate sample rates, complication rates and pathological classification in 270 patients with the use of 18G or 16G needles from January 2011 to May 2017 and verified whether the needle gauge affected the disease diagnosis.Results: A total of 270 kidney biopsies were performed. Among them,72 were performed with 18G needles, and 198 were performed with 16G needles. There was no difference in the number of glomeruli under light microscope using 18G relative to 16G needles (24±11 vs. 25±11, p=0.265）, whereas more glomeruli were found in the 16G group than in the 16G group using immunofluorescence microscopy (3±2 vs. 5±3, p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the adequate sample rates between the 18G group and the 16G group (90.28% vs. 93.94%, p=0.298). Minor complications including the incidence of lumbar or abdominal pain (4.17% vs. 7.07%, p = 0.57), gross hematuria (4.17% vs. 3.54%, p = 0.729), and perinephric hematoma without symptoms (4.17% vs. 1.52%, p = 0.195), were not significantly different between the 18G and 16G groups. In the 16G group, 2 cases of serious complications occurred: severe gross hematuria requiring blood transfusion and retroperitoneal hematoma requiring surgery. No serious complications were observed in the 18G group, although there was no significant difference in serious complications rates between the 18G and 16G groups (0% vs. 1.02%, p = 1).Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the number of glomeruli, adequate sample rates, or complication rates when using 18G or 16G needles to perform renal biopsy, and the use of an 18G needle with a smaller diameter did not affect the pathological diagnosis or classification of IgA nephropathy and lupus nephritis.
Genomic analysis of demographic history and ecological niche modeling in the endangered Chinese Grouse Tetrastes sewerzowi
Authors: Song Kai , Gao Bin , Halvarsson Peter , Fang Yun , Jiang Ying-Xin , Sun Yue-Hua , Höglund Jacob 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The Quaternary had worldwide consequences in forming the contemporary diversity of many populations, species and communities, which is characterized by marked climatic oscillations between glacial and interglacial periods. The origin and evolution of biodiversity in mountainous areas are highly dependent on historical orogenesis and associated climatic changes. The Chinese grouse Tetrastes sewerzowi is a forest-dwelling species endemic to the mountains to the east of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, which has been listed as Near Threatened with a decreasing trend by the IUCN because of ongoing deforestation and fragmentation of coniferous forests. It is important to place current population status into a broader ecological and evolutionary context to understand their demographic history. Results: Analyses of the Chinese Grouse genome revealed fluctuations throughout the Pleistocene in effective population size. Populations decreased during early to middle Pleistocene but showed an expansion during late Pleistocene which was then followed by a sharp decline during the last glacial maximum (LGM). Ecological niche modeling indicated that a suitable habitat shift between high altitude regions to low altitude regions was due to a changing climate. This result parallels patterns of population size change in Chinese Grouse estimated from PSMC modelling, which suggested an expansion in population size from the last interglacial period (LIG) and then a peak and a bottleneck occurring at the last glacial maximum (LGM). Furthermore, the present-day distribution of Chinese Grouse is greatly reduced and fragmented. It will likely become even more fragmented in the future since coniferous forest cover is threatened in the region of their distribution and the availability of such habitat restricts their ecological niche. Conclusions: The Chinese Grouse have experienced substantial population size changes from the beginning to the LIG and reached a peak before the LGM. A sharp decrease and bottleneck occurred during the LGM, when the coniferous forests were subjected to extensive loss. The results inferred from the whole genome sequencing and species distribution models both support historical population fluctuations. The distribution of the Chinese Grouse is strongly dependent on the coniferous forest cover. To protect the fragmented coniferous forests is an essential action to protect the Chinese Grouse.
Tobacco exposure as a major modifier of oncologic outcomes in Human PapillomaVirus (HPV) associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Elhalawani Hesham , Mo Abdallah S.R. , Elgohari Baher , Lin Timothy A. , Sikora Andrew G. , Lai Stephen Y. , Abusaif Abdelrahman , Phan Jack , Morrison William H. , Gunn G. Brandon , Rosenthal David I. , Garden Adam S. , Fuller Clifton D. , Sandulache Vlad C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) in the US is rapidly increasing, driven largely by the epidemic of human papillomavirus (HPV)-mediated OPSCC. Although survival for patients with HPV mediated OPSCC (HPV+ OPSCC) is generally better than that of patients with non-viral HPV+ OPSCC, the improvement is not uniform. We hypothesized that tobacco exposure remains a critical modifier of survival for HPV+ OPSCC patients.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 611 OPSCC patients with concordant p16 and HPV testing treated at a single institute (2002-2013). Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was used to define tobacco exposure associated with survival (p<0.05). Results: Tobacco exposure impacted overall survival (OS) for HPV+ patients on univariate and multivariate analysis (p=0.002, p=0.003 respectively). RPA identified 30 pack-years (PY) as a threshold at which survival became significantly worse in HPV+ patients. OS and disease-free survival (DFS) for HPV+ >30 PY patients didn’t differ significantly from HPV- group (p= 0.72, p= 0.27, respectively). HPV+ >30 PY patients had substantially lower 5-year OS when compared to their ≤30 PYs counterparts: 78.4% vs 91.6%; p= 0.03, 76% vs 88.3%; p= 0.07, and 52.3% vs 74%; p= 0.05, for stages I, II, and III (AJCC 8th Edition Manual), respectively.Conclusions: Tobacco exposure can eliminate the survival benefit associated with HPV+ status in OPSCC patients. Until this effect can be clearly quantified using prospective datasets, de-escalation of treatment for HPV+OPSCC smokers should be avoided.