bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of asymmetrical exercise demands on the symmetry of skin temperature in archers
Authors: Sanchis-Sanchis Roberto , Priego-Quesada Jose Ignacio , Ribas-Garcia Vicent , Carpes Felipe P , Encarnacion-Martinez Alberto , Perez-Soriano Pedro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective: To analyse skin temperature asymmetries in response to asymmetrical exercise demand in archers. Approach: The skin temperature of the trunk and upper limbs was measured in 30 archers with an infrared camera at three different moments: before (Pre), immediately after (Post), and 10 min after (Post10) a simulated competition (18 warm-up shots and 72 qualifying round shots). Relative and absolute asymmetries were determined. Stepwise multiple linear regressions were performed using the variations of relative and absolute skin temperature asymmetries as predicting variables, and sex, age, experience, body mass index, bow mass, bow power, and rate of perceived exertion of competition as inputs. Main results: Relative symmetry values were lower, i.e. more negative values indicating more asymmetry (higher skin temperature on the bow side, p < 0.05 and ES > 0.5) in the Post than in the Pre moment in the upper back (95% CI [0.1, 0.4 °C]), posterior shoulder (95% CI [0.0, 0.5 °C]), posterior arm (95% CI [0.0, 0.6 °C]) and posterior elbow (95% CI [0.4, 0.9 °C]). Absolute asymmetries were higher (p < 0.01 and ES > 0.8) in the Post than in the Pre moment in the chest (95% CI [0.1, 0.4 °C]), upper back (95% CI [0.1, 0.3 °C]), posterior shoulder (95% CI [0.1, 0.5 °C]) and posterior elbow (95% CI [0.2, 0.7 °C]). The variation of asymmetries after competition could be explained by factors such as experience, effort perception, sex, and bow mass. Significance: Archery exercise results in skin temperature asymmetry related to higher temperature in the bow side, which plays a main role in sustaining muscle activation to keep position. The asymmetry characteristics may result from the archery technique.
Microwave measurements of the high magnetic field vortex motion pinning parameters in Nb3Sn
Authors: Alimenti Andrea , Pompeo Nicola , Torokhtii Kostiantyn , Spina Tiziana , Flükiger René , Muzzi Luigi , Silva Enrico 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The high frequency vortex motion in Nb3Sn was analyzed in this work up to 12 T. We used a dielectric loaded resonator tuned at 15 GHz to evaluate the surface impedance Z of a Nb3Sn bulk sample (24.8 at.%Sn). From the field induced variation of Z, the high frequency vortex parameters (the pinning constant k

p
, the depinning frequency ν

p
and the flux flow resistivity ρ

ff
) were obtained over a large temperature and field range; their field and temperature dependencies were analyzed. Comparison with other superconducting materials shows that high frequency applications in strong magnetic fields are also feasible with Nb3Sn. In the present work, we report the first measurements about the microwave response in Nb3Sn in strong magnetic fields.
Microtubule catastrophe under force: mathematical and computational results from a Brownian ratchet model
Authors: Yadav Vandana , Srinivas Balaramamahanti , Gopalakrishnan Manoj 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the intracellular environment, the intrinsic dynamics of microtubule filaments is often hindered by the presence of barriers of various kind, such as kinetochore complexes and cell cortex, which impact their polymerisation force and dynamical properties such as catastrophe frequency. We present a theoretical study of the effect of a forced barrier, also subjected to thermal noise, on the statistics of catastrophe events in a single microtubule as well as a ‘bundle’ of two parallel microtubules. For microtubule dynamics, which includes growth, detachment, hydrolysis and the consequent dynamic instability, we employ a one-dimensional discrete stochastic model. The dynamics of the barrier is captured by over-damped Langevin equation, while its interaction with a growing filament is assumed to be hard-core repulsion. A unified treatment of the continuum dynamics of the barrier and the discrete dynamics of the filament is realized using a hybrid Fokker–Planck equation. An explicit mathematical formula for the force-dependent catastrophe frequency of a single microtubule is obtained by solving the above equation, under some assumptions. The prediction agrees well with results of numerical simulations in the appropriate parameter regime. More general situations are studied via numerical simulations. To investigate the extent of ‘load-sharing’ in a microtubule bundle, and its impact on the frequency of catastrophes, the dynamics of a two-filament bundle is also studied. Here, two parallel, non-interacting microtubules interact with a common, forced barrier. The equations for the two-filament model, when solved using a mean-field assumption, predicts equal sharing of load between the filaments. However, numerical results indicate the existence of a wide spectrum of load-sharing behaviour, which is characterized using a dimensionless parameter.
Sensitivity to double beta decay of 130Te to the first 0+ excited state of 130Xe in CUORE
Authors: Fantini G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We report a preliminary result on the sensitivity and analysis techniques to search for double beta decay of 130Te to the first 0+ excited state of 130Xe in CUORE. With a TeO2 exposure of 369.9 kg ⋅ y, we find an expected limit setting sensitivity of

T

1
/
2

0
v

>
3
⋅

10

24

y at 90 % C.I.
Organ-specific ECM arrays for investigating cell-ECM interactions during stem cell differentiation
Authors: Goh Saik-Kia , Halfter Willi , Richardson Thomas , Bertera Suzanne , Vaidya Vimal , Candiello Joe , Bradford Mahalia , Banerjee Ipsita 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells are promising source of cells for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and drug discovery applications. The process of stem cell differentiation is regulated by multi-parametric cues from the surrounding microenvironment, one of the critical one being cell interaction with extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is a complex tissue-specific structure which is an important physiological regulator of stem cell function and fate. Recapitulating this native ECM microenvironment niche is best facilitated by decellularized tissue/organ derived ECM, which can faithfully reproduce the physiological environment with high fidelity to in vivo condition and promote tissue-specific cellular development and maturation. Recognizing the need for organ specific ECM in a 3D culture environment in driving phenotypic differentiation and maturation of hPSCs, we fabricated an ECM array platform using native-mimicry ECM from decellularized organs (namely pancreas, liver and heart), which allows cell-ECM interactions in both 2D and 3D configuration. The ECM array was integrated with rapid quantitative imaging for a systematic investigation of matrix protein profiles and sensitive measurement of cell-ECM interaction during hPSC differentiation. We tested our platform by elucidating the role of the three different organ-specific ECM in supporting induced pancreatic differentiation of hPSCs. While the focus of this report is on pancreatic differentiation, the developed platform is versatile to be applied to characterize any lineage specific differentiation.
A Quantitative Framework for Defining the End of an Infectious Disease Outbreak: Application to Ebola Virus Disease
Authors: Djaafara Bimandra A , Imai Natsuko , Hamblion Esther , Impouma Benido , Donnelly Christl A , Cori Anne 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The end-of-outbreak declaration is an important step in controlling infectious disease outbreaks. Objective estimation of the confidence level that an outbreak is over is important to reduce the risk of postdeclaration flare-ups. We developed a simulation-based model with which to quantify that confidence and tested it on simulated Ebola virus disease data. We found that these confidence estimates were most sensitive to the instantaneous reproduction number, the reporting rate, and the time between the symptom onset and death or recovery of the last detected case. For Ebola virus disease, our results suggested that the current World Health Organization criterion of 42 days since the recovery or death of the last detected case is too short and too sensitive to underreporting. Therefore, we suggest a shift to a preliminary end-of-outbreak declaration after 63 days from the symptom onset day of the last detected case. This preliminary declaration should still be followed by 90 days of enhanced surveillance to capture potential flare-ups of cases, after which the official end of the outbreak can be declared. This sequence corresponds to more than 95% confidence that an outbreak is over in most of the scenarios examined. Our framework is generic and therefore could be adapted to estimate end-of-outbreak confidence for other infectious diseases.
I know your face but can’t remember your name: Age-related differences in the FNAME-12NL
Authors: Enriquez-Geppert S , Flores-Vázquez J F , Lietz M , Garcia-Pimenta M , Andrés P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
The Face-Name Associative Memory test (FNAME) has recently received attention as a test for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. So far, however, there has been no systematic investigation of the effects of aging. Here, we aimed to assess the extent to which the FNAME performance is modulated by normal ageing.

Method
In a first step, we adapted the FNAME material to the Dutch population. In a second step, younger (n = 29) and older adults (n = 29) were compared on recall and recognition performance.

Results
Significant age effects on name recall were observed after the first exposure of new face-name pairs: younger adults remembered eight, whereas older adults remembered a mean of four out of twelve names. Although both age groups increased the number of recalled names with repeated face-name exposure, older adults did not catch up with the performance of the younger adults, and the age-effects remained stable. Despite of that, both age groups maintained their performance after a 30-min delay. Considering recognition, no age differences were demonstrated, and both age groups succeeded in the recognition of previously shown faces and names when presented along with distractors.

Conclusions
This study presents for the first time the results of different age groups regarding cross-modal associative memory performance on the FNAME. The recall age effects support the hypothesis of age-related differences in associative memory. To use the FNAME as an early cognitive biomarker, further subscales are suggested to increase sensitivity and specificity in the clinical context.
How do the blind ‘see’? The role of spontaneous brain activity in self-generated perception
Authors: Hahamy Avital , Wilf Meytal , Rosin Boris , Behrmann Marlene , Malach Rafael 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Spontaneous activity of the human brain has been well documented, but little is known about the functional role of this ubiquitous neural phenomenon. It has previously been hypothesized that spontaneous brain activity underlies unprompted (internally generated) behaviour. We tested whether spontaneous brain activity might underlie internally-generated vision by studying the cortical visual system of five blind/visually-impaired individuals who experience vivid visual hallucinations (Charles Bonnet syndrome). Neural populations in the visual system of these individuals are deprived of external input, which may lead to their hyper-sensitization to spontaneous activity fluctuations. To test whether these spontaneous fluctuations can subserve visual hallucinations, the functional MRI brain activity of participants with Charles Bonnet syndrome obtained while they reported their hallucinations (spontaneous internally-generated vision) was compared to the: (i) brain activity evoked by veridical vision (externally-triggered vision) in sighted controls who were presented with a visual simulation of the hallucinatory streams; and (ii) brain activity of non-hallucinating blind controls during visual imagery (cued internally-generated vision). All conditions showed activity spanning large portions of the visual system. However, only the hallucination condition in the Charles Bonnet syndrome participants demonstrated unique temporal dynamics, characterized by a slow build-up of neural activity prior to the reported onset of hallucinations. This build-up was most pronounced in early visual cortex and then decayed along the visual hierarchy. These results suggest that, in the absence of external visual input, a build-up of spontaneous fluctuations in early visual cortex may activate the visual hierarchy, thereby triggering the experience of vision.
One-Dose Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and the Risk of Genital Warts: A Danish Nationwide Population-based Study
Authors: Baandrup Louise , Dehlendorff Christian , Kjaer Susanne K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Increasing evidence suggests that 1-dose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination may protect significantly against HPV-related disease. We provide nationwide, real-world data on the risk of genital warts (GWs) after &lt;3 vaccine doses.

Methods
All Danish women born in 1985–2003 were identified, and individual-level vaccination data were retrieved. The cohort was followed up for first occurrence of GWs until 31 December 2016. Using Poisson regression, we calculated incidence rates (IRs) of GWs per 100 000 person-years and IR ratios (IRRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for GWs, according to vaccination status, age at first dose, and calendar time.

Results
The cohort comprised 1 076 945 girls and women, of whom 485 408 were vaccinated. For girls initiating vaccination at age 12–14 years and 15–16 years, 1-dose vaccine effectiveness (VE) was 71% (IRR = 0.29; 95% CI, .22–.38) and 62% (0.38; .29–.49), respectively, compared with unvaccinated girls. In the same age groups, 2-dose VE was 78% (IRR, 0.22; 95% CI, .18–.26) and 68% (0.32; .26–.38), respectively. After 2009, the IRRs for 3 versus 1 dose and 2 versus 1 dose increased towards unity over calendar time, being 0.69 (95% CI, .57–.84) and 0.86 (.68–1.08) in 2016, respectively.

Conclusions
In this study, 1 or 2 doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine was associated with substantial protection against GWs in girls vaccinated at age ≤16 years. The 1-dose VE approached that of 3 or 2 doses over calendar time, probably reflecting the impact of herd protection.
Immune Profiling Enables Stratification of Patients With Active Tuberculosis Disease or Mycobacteriu
m tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Duffy Darragh , Nemes Elisa , Llibre Alba , Rouilly Vincent , Musvosvi Munyaradzi , Smith Nikaïa , Filander Elizabeth , Africa Hadn , Mabwe Simbarashe , Jaxa Lungisa , Charbit Bruno , Mulenga Humphrey , Tameris Michele , Walzl Gerhard , Malherbe Stephanus , Thomas Stephanie , Hatherill Mark , Bilek Nicole , Scriba Thomas J , Albert Matthew L ,   for the Milieu Intérieur Consortium, Abel Laurent , Alcover Andres , Aschard Hugues , Astrom Kalla , Bousso Philippe , Bruhns Pierre , Cumano Ana , Demangel Caroline , Deriano Ludovic , Di Santo James , Dromer Françoise , Eberl Gérard , Enninga Jost , Fellay Jacques , Gelpi Odile , Gomperts-Boneca Ivo , Hasan Milena , Hercberg Serge , Lantz Olivier , Leclerc Claude , Mouquet Hugo , Patin Etienne , Pellegrini Sandra , Pol Stanislas , Rausell Antonio , Rogge Lars , Sakuntabhai Anavaj , Schwartz Olivier , Schwikowski Benno , Shorte Spencer , Soumelis Vassili , Tangy Frédéric , Tartour Eric , Toubert Antoine , Touvier Mathilde , Ungeheuer Marie-Noëlle , L. Albert Matthew , Duffy Darragh , Quintana-Murci Lluis 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and is a major public health problem. Clinical challenges include the lack of a blood-based test for active disease. Current blood-based tests, such as QuantiFERON (QFT) do not distinguish active TB disease from asymptomatic Mtb infection.

Methods
We hypothesized that TruCulture, an immunomonitoring method for whole-blood stimulation, could discriminate active disease from latent Mtb infection (LTBI). We stimulated whole blood from patients with active TB and compared with LTBI donors. Mtb-specific antigens and live bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) were used as stimuli, with direct comparison to QFT. Protein analyses were performed using conventional and digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as well as Luminex.

Results
TruCulture showed discrimination of active TB cases from LTBI (P &lt; .0001, AUC = .81) compared with QFT (P = .45, AUC = .56), based on an interferon γ (IFNγ) readout after Mtb antigen (Ag) stimulation. This result was replicated in an independent cohort (AUC = .89). In exploratory analyses, TB stratification could be further improved by the Mtb antigen to BCG IFNγ ratio (P &lt; .0001, AUC = .91). Finally, the combination of digital ELISA and transcriptional analysis showed that LTBI donors with high IFNγ clustered with patients with TB, suggesting the possibility to identify subclinical disease.

Conclusions
TruCulture offers a next-generation solution for whole-blood stimulation and immunomonitoring with the possibility to discriminate active and latent infection.
Survival Analysis of Treatment Efficacy in Comparative Coronavirus Disease 2019 Studies
Authors: McCaw Zachary R , Tian Lu , Kim Dae Hyun , Localio A Russell , Wei Lee-Jen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
For survival analysis in comparative coronavirus disease 2019 trials, the routinely used hazard ratio may not provide a meaningful summary of the treatment effect. The mean survival time difference/ratio is an intuitive, assumption-free alternative. However, for short-term studies, landmark mortality rate differences/ratios are more clinically relevant and should be formally analyzed and reported.
Longitudinal Profile of Laboratory Parameters and Their Application in the Prediction for Fatal Outcome Among Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zeng Hao-Long , Lu Qing-Bin , Yang Qing , Wang Xu , Yue Dao-Yuan , Zhang Lei-Ke , Li Hao , Liu Wei , Li Hui-Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience a wide clinical spectrum, with over 2% developing fatal outcome. The prognostic factors for fatal outcome remain sparsely investigated.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed in a cohort of patients with confirmed COVID-19 in one designated hospital in Wuhan, China, from 17 January–5 March 2020. The laboratory parameters and a panel of cytokines were consecutively evaluated until patients’ discharge or death. The laboratory features that could be used to predict fatal outcome were identified.ResultsConsecutively collected data on 55 laboratory parameters and cytokines from 642 patients with COVID-19 were profiled along the entire disease course, based on which 3 clinical stages (acute stage, days 1–9; critical stage, days 10–15; and convalescence stage, day 15 to observation end) were determined. Laboratory findings based on 75 deceased and 357 discharged patients revealed that, at the acute stage, fatality could be predicted by older age and abnormal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), urea, lymphocyte count, and procalcitonin (PCT) level. At the critical stage, the fatal outcome could be predicted by age and abnormal PCT, LDH, cholinesterase, lymphocyte count, and monocyte percentage. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) was remarkably elevated, with fatal cases having a more robust production than discharged cases across the whole observation period. LDH, PCT, lymphocytes, and IL-6 were considered highly important prognostic factors for COVID-19–related death.ConclusionsThe identification of predictors that were routinely tested might allow early identification of patients at high risk of death for early aggressive intervention.
The importance of pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection promoting adaptation to increasing temperatures
Authors: Gómez-Llano Miguel , Scott Eve , Svensson Erik I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Global temperatures are increasing rapidly affecting species globally. Understanding if and how different species can adapt fast enough to keep up with increasing temperatures is of vital importance. One mechanism that can accelerate adaptation and promote evolutionary rescue is sexual selection. Two different mechanisms by which sexual selection can facilitate adaptation are pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection. However, the relative effects of these different forms of sexual selection in promoting adaptation are unknown. Here, we present the results from an experimental study in which we exposed fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster to either no mate choice or 1 of 2 different sexual selection regimes (pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection) for 6 generations, under different thermal regimes. Populations showed evidence of thermal adaptation under precopulatory sexual selection, but this effect was not detected in the postcopulatory sexual selection and the no choice mating regime. We further demonstrate that sexual dimorphism decreased when flies evolved under increasing temperatures, consistent with recent theory predicting more sexually concordant selection under environmental stress. Our results suggest an important role for precopulatory sexual selection in promoting thermal adaptation and evolutionary rescue.