bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of advanced fiber‐reinforced polymer composites by polymer hybridization technique: Emphasis on cure kinetics, mechanical, and thermomechanical performance
Authors: Ganesh Gupta K B N V S , Hiremath Mritunjay Maharudrayya , Prusty Rajesh Kumar , Ray Bankim Chandra 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTPolymer hybridization technique, consisting of an interlayer arrangement of different polymers, acts as the most economical and promising technique in augmenting the glass fiber‐reinforced polymer composite's mechanical properties. This investigation focuses on the effect of cure kinetics on the flexural behavior of glass‐polymer hybrid (GPH) composite, and also elucidates the comparative analysis on the mechanical behavior of glass‐epoxy (GE) composite, glass‐vinyl ester (GVE) composite, and GPH composite. The optimal postcuring temperature has been found to be 200°C for GPH composite among the other postcuring temperatures conducted at 140, 170, and 230°C. Among all these abovementioned composites, highest flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength properties have been recorded by the 200°C postcured GPH composite leading to 10.87 and 18.76% increment, respectively, compared with GE composite. Furthermore, thermomechanical characterization has been done to know the viscoelastic behavior of the GPH composite postcured at different temperatures using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The fracture morphology of flexural tested composite samples demonstrated a combination of failure modes. Relevant information on the chemical restructuring and fracture morphology of experimented composite material using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has also been studied.
Production of high‐aspect‐ratio rectangular‐lumen microtube by gas‐assisted microextrusion
Authors: Wang Lei , Huang Xing , Zhao Jianxiang , Liu Cong , Xu Zhongbin , Pei Hao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFlexible polymeric microtubes with rectangular‐lumen are useful in chemical and bioengineering. However, improving the aspect ratio of the rectangular lumen is still a tough task. In this study, numerical simulations are carried out to study the influences of the processing parameters and the design of the extrusion die on the aspect ratio of the rectangular microchannels. Increasing the length of the inner die and reducing its width are critical to improving the aspect ratio of channels. The pressure difference is also important for controlling the sizes and shapes of channels. A linear mathematical relationship is built between the aspect ratio of channels and processing parameters and the sizes of the die. According to the simulating results, the geometry of the inner die is optimized and manufactured experimentally. The flexible rectangular microtubes are produced with well‐controlled channel sizes. The highest aspect ratio of the channel we achieve is 87.
Effects of ethylene‐acrylic acid ionomer on thermomechanical and electrochromic properties of electrochromic devices using gelatin‐based electrolytes
Authors: Wootthikanokkhan Jatuphorn , Jaruphan Palaya , Azarian Mohammad Hossein , Yosthisud Jarinya 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTransparent adhesive polymer electrolytes, to be used for fabrication of electrochromic glass via a lamination process, were developed from gelatin blended with ethylene‐acrylic acid (EAA) copolymer ionomer resin. The gelatin‐based electrolyte films were prepared by mixing the polymer with glycerol, LiClO4, formaldehyde, and EAA in a microcompounder. The concentration effect of EAA (i.e., 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 wt% with respect to the gelatin) on thermomechanical, optical, and electrochemical properties of the prepared films were then studied. Results from atomic force micrographs revealed that surface roughness of the neat gelatin film significantly decreased after blending with 20 wt% EAA. This corresponds to the highest ionic conductivity value (4.46 × 10−6 S/cm) of gelatin‐based electrolyte in this study. Percentage light transmittance was also maintained above 80%, provided that the concentration of ionomer was kept below 20%. Finally, performance of the electrochromic device with a configuration of ITO/WO3/gelatin/NiO/ITO was demonstrated. Coloration efficiency and response time of 60.38 cm2/C and 10 s/50 s (coloring/bleaching) were achieved, respectively.
A combination of depression and liver Qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome using a rat model
Authors: Li Xiao‐Juan , Qiu Wen‐Qi , Da Xiao‐Li , Hou Ya‐Jing , Ma Qing‐Yu , Wang Ting‐Ye , Zhou Xue‐Ming , Song Ming , Bian Qing‐Lai , Chen Jia‐Xu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA syndrome (Zheng in Chinese) plays a critical role in disease identification, diagnosis, and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Clinically, the liver Qi stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome (LQSSDS) is one of the most common syndrome patterns. Over the past few decades, several animal models have been developed to understand the potential mechanisms of LQSSDS, but until now, simulation of the syndrome is still unclear. Recently, several studies have confirmed that an animal model combining a disease and a syndrome is appropriate for simulating TCM syndromes. Overlapping previous studies have reported that depression is highly associated with LQSSDS; hence, we attempted to develop a rat model combining depression and LQSSDS. We exposed the rats to different durations of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Subsequently, the evaluation indicators at macrolevel consisted of behavioral tests including open field test, sucrose preference test, and forced swim test, food intake, body weight, white adipose tissue, fecal water content, visceral hypersensitivity, and small bowel transit, and the evaluation indicators at microlevel included changes of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Serum D‐xylose absorption was used to comprehensively confirm and assess whether the model was successful during the CUMS‐induced process. The results showed that rats exposed to 6‐week CUMS procedure exhibited significantly similar traits to the phenotypes of LQSSDS and depression. This study provided a new rat model for the LQSSDS and could potentially lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of LQSSDS and the development of new drugs for this syndrome.
A colorimetric sensor array based on natural pigments for the discrimination of saccharides
Authors: Yan Shujun , Li Jiao , Zhang Ling , Bai Juan , Lei Lulu , Huang Hui , Li Yongxin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA colorimetric sensor array based on natural pigments was developed to discriminate between various saccharides. Anthocyanins, pH‐sensitive natural pigments, were extracted from fruits and flowers and used as components of the sensor array. Variation in pH, due to the reaction between saccharides and boronic acids, caused obvious colour changes in the natural pigments. Only by observing the difference map with the naked eye could 11 common saccharides be divided into independent individuals. In conjunction with pattern recognition, the sensor array clearly differentiated between sugar and sugar alcohol with highly accuracy and allowed rapid quantification of different concentrations of maltitol and fructose. This sensor array for saccharides is expected to become a promising alternative tool for food monitoring. The link between anthocyanin and saccharide detection opened a new guiding direction for the application of anthocyanins in foods.
Bone‐Inspired Tube Filling Decellularized Matrix of Toad Cartilage Provided an Osteoinductive Microenvironment for Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Facilitate the Radius Defect Repair of Rabbit
Authors: Xu He‐Lin , Yang Wai‐Geng , Chen Pian‐Pian , Chen Rui , Xue Peng‐Peng , Wang Li‐Fen , Yuan Jian‐Dong , Yao Qing , Chen Bin , Zhao Ying‐Zheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractToad bone not only contains the rich cartilage‐like matrix but also presents low immunogenicity. It is inferred that decellularized toad bone matrix (dBECM) may provide the more profitable osteoinductive microenvironment for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to promote the repair of bone defects. Herein, a hollow bone‐inspired tube is first made from hydroxyapatite (HA) and poly (γ‐glutamic acid) (PGA), and then MSCs/dBECM hydrogel is uniformly filled to its central cavity, constructing a biomimetic bone (dBECM + MSCs − PGA + HA). In vitro scratch and transwell experiments show that dBECM hydrogel not only effectively promotes migration and proliferation of MSCs but also induces their osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, the less inflammatory macrophages infiltrate at rat skin after subcutaneously injecting dBECM hydrogel, indicating its low potential for inflammatory attack. After implanting dBECM + MSCs − PGA + HA to critical radius defect of rabbit, X‐ray and CT imaging shows that the cortex is effectively regenerated and the medullary cavity recanalization is completed at 20 weeks. Moreover, the expression of Collagen‐II and OCN are obviously increased in the defect after implanting dBECM + MSCs − PGA + HA. The therapeutic mechanism of dBECM + MSCs − PGA + HA scaffold are highly associated with the enhanced angiogenesis. Collectively, the biomimetic dBECM + MSCs − PGA + HA scaffold may be a promising strategy to improve radius defect healing efficiency.
What is the role of lateral lymph node dissection in rectal cancer patients with clinically suspected lateral lymph node metastasis after preoperative chemoradiotherapy? A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Yang Xuyang , Yang Shuo , Hu Tao , Gu Chaoyang , Wei Mingtian , Deng Xiangbing , Wang Ziqiang , Zhou Zongguang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundLocal lateral recurrence (LLR) in rectal cancer is increasingly becoming a significant clinical issue. Preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and lateral lymph node dissection (LLND)—when each approach is separately executed—cannot cure lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM). Here, we performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the efficacy of nCRT plus total mesorectal excision (TME) vs TME plus LLND after nCRT for rectal cancer.MethodsStandard databases (PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched to identify all relevant studies comparing nCRT+TME and nCRT+TME+LLND. Data in the included studies were extracted, and intraoperative outcomes, postoperative complications, and oncological outcomes were evaluated.ResultsEight studies representing 1,896 patients (1,461 nCRT+TME vs 435 nCRT+TME+LLND) were included. We found that for patients with clinically suspected LLNM, the incidence of pathological LLNM was 27.8%, even after nCRT. LLND after nCRT was significantly associated with lower LLR (P = .02). Additional LLND yielded a longer operative time (P < .01) and increased the risk of urinary dysfunction (P < .01). Concerning other outcomes, no significant differences were identified between the two groups.ConclusionThis is the first meta‐analysis and systematic review of studies comparing nCRT+TME and nCRT+TME+LLND for rectal cancer patients. Although increasing operative time and the risk of urinary dysfunction (which might be ameliorated by minimally invasive procedures), the pooled results support the use of LLND after nCRT and TME for reducing LLR in patients with clinically suspected LLNM and provide another treatment option for high‐risk patients.
MERGE: A Multinational, Multicenter Observational Registry for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms in Asia, including Middle East, Turkey, and Algeria
Authors: Yassin Mohamed A. , Taher Ali , Mathews Vikram , Hou Hsin‐An , Shamsi Tahir , Tuğlular Tülin Firatli , Xiao Zhijian , Kim Soo‐Jeong , Depei Wu , Li Junmin , Rippin Gerd , Sadek Islam , Siddiqui Asif , Wong Raymond S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhiladelphia chromosome‐negative (Ph−) myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a heterogeneous group of clonal disorders of the bone marrow, and are associated with a high disease burden, reduced quality of life (QOL), and shortened survival. This multinational, multicenter, non‐interventional registry “MERGE” was initiated with an objective to collect data on the epidemiological indices of classical Ph‐MPNs, existing treatment patterns, and impact of MPNs on health‐related QOL in various countries/regions in Asia, including the Middle East, Turkey, and Algeria. Of the 884 eligible patients with MPNs, 169 had myelofibrosis (MF), 301 had polycythemia vera (PV), 373 had essential thrombocythemia (ET), and 41 had unclassified MPNs. The median age was 58 years (range, 47‐66 years), and 50% of patients were males. The prevalence and incidence of MPNs were estimated to be 57‐81 and 12‐15 per 100 000 hospital patients per year over the last 4 years, respectively, in these countries. Total symptom score (mean [standard deviation; SD]) at baseline was highest in patients with MF (23.5 [17.47]) compared with patients with ET (14.6 [14.26]) and PV (16.6 [14.84]). Patients with ET had a lower mean (SD) number of inpatient visits (0.9 [0.77] days), and patients with MF had more outpatient visits (5.2 [3.17] days) on an average, compared with the entire MPN group. The study showed that patients with MPNs have a severe disease burden and reduced QOL. A discordance between physician and patient perception of symptom assessment was observed in this study (International clinical trials registry ID: CTRI/2014/05/004598).
Current challenges in student mental health and counselling provision: How practice‐based research can help demonstrate effectiveness
Authors: Dufour Géraldine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith a steep increase in students presenting to counselling services, and the costs associated with meeting increased demand for provision, services need to be able to demonstrate the effectiveness and impact of the interventions they deliver. The heads of embedded university counselling services are uniquely placed to advise on the best interventions to deliver for students in their institutions. Collaborating with research colleagues can help to increase the research output of university counselling services and demonstrate their effectiveness. The Cambridge University Counselling Service collaborated with the School of Psychiatry on the ‘Mindfulness Skills for Students’ study. The learnings from this collaboration will illustrate how practice‐based research can help counselling services to demonstrate their effectiveness and impact, and promote the work that they do with students. The author will also explore the benefits and challenges of engaging in collaboration with research colleagues at her home institution.
Incidence and clinical outcomes of stroke in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock
Authors: Pahuja Mohit , Chehab Omar , Ranka Sagar , Mishra Tushar , Ando Tomo , Yassin Ahmed S. , Thayer Katherine L. , Shah Palak , Kimmelstiel Carey D. , Salehi Payam , Kapur Navin K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe authors sought to evaluate 10‐year national trends, incidence and clinical outcomes of stroke in CS‐STEMI.BackgroundStroke is a devastating complication among patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Concomitant cardiogenic shock (CS) may further increase the risk of stroke. Use of percutaneous mechanical circulatory support (pMCS) devices may further increase stroke risk in CS‐STEMI. No studies have evaluated the risk of stroke in contemporary CS‐STEMI.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of CS‐STEMI patients from a large U.S. national database between 2005 and 2014. Previously validated codes for stroke were used to identify events of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. They were then divided into different groups: without MCS, with intra‐aortic balloon pump, percutaneous ventricular assist device (PVAD, includes Impella or TandemHeart devices), or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.ResultsIn 172,491 admissions, stroke was noted in 5,613 (3.2%). Between 2005 and 2014, we observed an increase in the events of overall stroke from 3.1% in 2005 to 5.0% in 2014 (p for the trend <.001). The number of ischemic stroke events (2.4%) was higher than hemorrhagic stroke (0.1%) during the study period. Presence of stroke was associated with higher in‐hospital mortality (40.6 vs. 29.8%, 95% CI adjusted odds ratio: 1.57, 1.44–1.67; p < .0001 among stroke vs. without stroke).ConclusionsThe incidence of stroke events in CS‐STEMI patients increased between 2005 and 2014, and is associated with higher in‐hospital mortality, length of stay, and cost of hospitalization. The incidence of both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke was higher with pMCS device use. Stroke prevention is a priority for CS‐STEMI patients.
Antegrade transseptal transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Back to the future?
Authors: Misumida Naoki , Anderson Jason H. , Greason Kevin L. , Rihal Charanjit S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAntegrade transseptal approach was utilized in the first human case of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and in the early phase of TAVR. Various challenges with the antegrade transseptal approach including procedural complexity, need for atrial septal crossing, and potential for injury to the mitral valve apparatus led it to being supplanted by other approaches. These challenges have now largely been mitigated as structural interventionalists routinely perform left atrial procedures. We report a case of antegrade transseptal TAVR using a large bore sheath placed in the mid left ventricle across the mitral orifice to protect the mitral valve apparatus and facilitate valve deployment. An 84‐year‐old man with heart failure symptoms was seen for severe aortic stenosis. The severity of peripheral arterial disease precluded femoral, axillary, carotid, or transcaval routes. After transseptal puncture and creation of an arteriovenous rail, a long 26‐Fr sheath was advanced from the right femoral vein transseptally over the arteriovenous rail, past the mitral valve inflow to the mid left ventricular cavity. The sheath provided a stable platform with stable intraprocedure hemodynamics. Balloon valvuloplasty was performed in an antegrade manner, after which a 29‐mm SAPIEN S3 prosthesis was advanced into the aortic valve position and deployed under rapid pacing. We observed no injury to the mitral leaflets or subvalvular apparatus after the procedure. The antegrade transseptal approach should be revisited as an option for patients at high surgical risk with no other suitable access site. The use of a large bore sheath facilitates this approach.
Reduction of Particulate Matter Emissions from a Pellet Boiler Using Primary Measures
Authors: Schulte Stephan , Heinzle Josef , Groß Bodo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe use of primary measures to reduce particulate matter, CO, and NOx emissions can be feasible for pellet boilers fired with a standardized fuel with low quality variations. At the same time, the use of lower‐quality pellets such as A2 or I2 can be realized without the need for secondary emission reduction measures. Here, the possibility of particulate matter reduction through the use of primary measures is discussed, demonstrating that particulate matter emissions can be significantly reduced with the aid of primary measures such as air staging and exhaust gas recirculation. However, the use of these measures also influences other emissions, such as CO and NOx from the furnace.
Numeric Simulation‐Based Analysis of the Mixing Process in Anaerobic Digesters of Biogas Plants
Authors: Conti Fosca , Saidi Abdessamad , Goldbrunner Markus 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStirring systems with two rotational three‐bladed propellers were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics. The propellers are located at three heights and seven angles in a tank with 9 m radius. The fluid was characterized by non‐Newtonian rheology and simulated by applying the k‐ε turbulence model and the standard k‐ω model. Reynolds numbers were estimated. High fluid speeds were obtained with the propellers located at a height of 2 m and oriented at 90° with respect to the tank radius. In the top regions of the tank, the fluid velocity was generally less intense and less affected by the angle setting. The configurations identified as good mixing systems showed power consumptions broadly distributed around 30 kW.
Controlled Supramolecular Polymerization of d8 Metal Complexes through Pathway Complexity and Seeded Growth
Authors: Ghosh Goutam , Ghosh Tanwistha , Fernández Gustavo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn recent years, pathway complexity has been studied in detail for a large variety of organic and π‐conjugated molecules. However, such investigations on their metal‐containing analogues have received only little attention to date, despite the well‐known potential of metal complexes in various fields. In this Minireview, we have collected recent examples of d8 metal complexes (Pt(II), Pd(II) and Au(III) complexes) exhibiting controlled supramolecular polymerization through pathway complexity and seeded‐growth approaches. Controlling the competing thermodynamic vs. kinetic pathways in these systems should help develop advanced metallosupramolecular functional materials with excellent photophysical, electronic, magnetic, catalytic, and biomedical applications.
Defective formation of IgA memory B cells, Th1 and Th17 cells in symptomatic patients with selective IgA deficiency
Authors: Grosserichter‐Wagener Christina , Franco‐Gallego Alexander , Ahmadi Fatemeh , Moncada‐Vélez Marcela , Dalm Virgil ASH , Rojas Jessica Lineth , Orrego Julio César , Correa Vargas Natalia , Hammarström Lennart , Schreurs Marco WJ , Dik Willem A , van Hagen P Martin , Boon Louis , van Dongen Jacques JM , van der Burg Mirjam , Pan‐Hammarström Qiang , Franco José L , van Zelm Menno C 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveSelective IgA deficiency (sIgAD) is the most common primary immunodeficiency in Western countries. Patients can suffer from recurrent infections and autoimmune diseases because of a largely unknown aetiology. To increase insights into the pathophysiology of the disease, we studied memory B and T cells and cytokine concentrations in peripheral blood.MethodsWe analysed 30 sIgAD patients (12 children, 18 adults) through detailed phenotyping of peripheral B‐cell, CD8+ T‐cell and CD4+ T‐cell subsets, sequence analysis of IGA and IGG transcripts, in vitro B‐cell activation and blood cytokine measurements.ResultsAll patients had significantly decreased numbers of T‐cell‐dependent (TD; CD27+) and T‐cell‐independent (TI; CD27−) IgA memory B cells and increased CD21low B‐cell numbers. IgM+IgD− memory B cells were decreased in children and normal in adult patients. IGA and IGG transcripts contained normal SHM levels. In sIgAD children, IGA transcripts more frequently used IGA2 than controls (58.5% vs. 25.1%), but not in adult patients. B‐cell activation after in vitro stimulation was normal. However, adult sIgAD patients exhibited increased blood levels of TGF‐β1, BAFF and APRIL, whereas they had decreased Th1 and Th17 cell numbers.ConclusionImpaired IgA memory formation in sIgAD patients is not due to a B‐cell activation defect. Instead, decreased Th1 and Th17 cell numbers and high blood levels of BAFF, APRIL and TGF‐β1 might reflect disturbed regulation of IgA responses in vivo.These insights into B‐cell extrinsic immune defects suggest the need for a broader immunological focus on genomics and functional analyses to unravel the pathogenesis of sIgAD.